cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The crystal structure of the aragonite group
Creators: name: LaCoste, Lucien Jean Batiste
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1933
Subjects: subject: Aragonite
subject: Aragonite group
subject: Crystal structure
subject: Aragonite structure
subject: Aragonite properties
subject: Aragonite analysis
subject: Crystal analysis
subject: Crystallography
subject: Aragonite--Structure
subject: Aragonite--Properties
subject: Aragonite--Analysis
subject: Crystals--Analysis
subject: Crystallography

description: The aragonite group is a group of mineral carbonates consisting of aragonite (CaCO₃), cerussite (PbCO₃), witherite (BaCO₃) and strontianite (SrCO₃). All of these minerals exhibit the same external symmetry and are said to be isomorphous. A structure for aragonite has been proposed by Wyckoff and approximate values of the lattice constants have been given for the other members of the group, but no determination of the fine structure of cerussite, witherite, and strontianite has been made. This is probably due to the fact that each one contains both very heavy and very light atoms. A difficulty arises in the structure determination of such types of crystals because in general the contribution of the light atoms to the intensity of a diffraction line is negligible in comparison to that of the heavy atoms. The determination of the carbon and oxygen paramenters in these crystals is therefore a rather formidable undertaking. A solution of the structures of these crystals was therefore undertaken with the following fourfold purpose: first, to extend our knowledge of the fine structure of a group of crystals as a contribution to the data of x-ray crystallography, crystal physics, crystal chemistry and mineralogy; second, to obtain additional information concerning the crystallochemical properties of the CO₃ group, both for its interest in chemistry and for its aid in future structure analyses; third, to check the Zachariasen method of calculating atomic radii; and fourth, to provide a comparison of the structures of the members of an isomorphous series
title: Inhibition of tumourigenicity of small cell lung cancer cells by suppressing Id3 expression.
Creators: name: Kamalian, Laleh
name: Forootan, Shiva S
name: Bao, Zheng Z
name: Zhang, Yu
name: Gosney, John R
name: Foster, Christopher S
name: Ke, Youqiang
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: Id3 is over-expressed in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). To test whether the tumourigenicity of SCLC cells can be inhibited by suppressing Id3 expression, we transfected siRNA into SCLC cell line GLC-19 and established two sublines (G-Id3-1 and G-Id3-7) which expressed only 30% of the level of Id3 measured in control transfectants. Suppression of Id3 expression in both G-Id3-1 and G-Id3-7 cells produced significant reductions in proliferation rates and in numbers of colonies formed in soft agar assay. When G-Id3-1, G-Id3-7 and the control transfectants were inoculated subcutaneously into 3 groups (8 each) of nude mice, respectively, all (100%) inoculated animals produced tumours. Although there was no difference in tumour incidents amongst the 3 groups, significant reductions were observed in both size and weight of tumours produced by either G-Id3-1 or G-Id3-7 cells. While the final average volume of tumours produced in control group was 1012.1+/-394 mm(3), it was significantly reduced (p<0.001, p<0.01) by 2.1- and 2.9-fold to 475.7+/-167 mm(3) and 354.3+/-218 mm(3) in groups inoculated with G-Id3-1 and G-Id3-7 cells, respectively. Similar differences were also observed in average weight of tumours. Upon induction of apoptosis by cytotoxin camptothecin, the percentages of apoptotic cells in G-Id3-1 and G-Id3-7 were, respectively >2.4-fold higher than that in control. The results in this study suggest that highly expressed Id3 in SCLC cells may be an important therapeutic target for tumour suppression.
title: Insulin unfolding and aggregation: a multi-disciplinary study
Creators: name: Mauri, Sergio
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: This thesis aims at understanding the interaction between insulin and interfaces with a multi-disciplinary approach. We investigate three facets of the interaction. In the first part (chapter 4), we study the interaction of insulin with the air/water interface, for different oligomeric compositions of the solution phase. With the help of Sum Frequency Spectroscopy and calculations of the second order nonlinear susceptibility, we can show that insulin monomers segregate to the hydrophobic air/water interface. Since the insulin monomer is the key species to denature and refold to fibrils, our finding explains for the first time why agitation of insulin solutions and the accompanying increase in air/water interface area accelerates fibril formation. In the second part (chapter 5), we investigate the interaction of insulin monomers at low pH with model hydrophilic and hydrophobic solid surfaces. We use a combination of spectroscopic methods, like ATR FT-IR, XPS, SFG and QCM-D to characterise the silicon functionalised solid surface, to quantify the amount of adsorbed protein and to determine its secondary structure. We show that, contrary to physiological conditions, where insulin monomers are known to change secondary structure upon adsorption, an acidic environment leads to near-native adsorbed insulin, which is stable for at least a day. We further show that heat is needed to restructure the adsorbed insulin monolayer and that this restructured monolayer appears to provide the template for further growth. In the final part (Chapter 6), we apply a comparatively simple experimental method, Reflection Anisotropy Spectroscopy for the first time to the formation of amyloid fibrils at interfaces. In a comparison with FT-IR spectroscopy of our model solid surfaces, we show that a drastic change in the peptide backbone arrangement occurs at a hydrophobic surface, when FT-IR merely detects a thick layer with partial beta-sheet structure. We believe this structural change is the beginning of insulin fibril formation and we use the new tool to explore further changes in the adsorbed layer as it ages over several months.
title: Studies toward a demonstration of relativistic electron beam energy modulation by interaction with terahertz radiation in free space
Creators: name: Holder, David
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2013

description: This thesis details the experimental studies leading to initial attempts to measure an interaction in free space between a short pulse of terahertz radiation (generated from a 40 fs, 800 nm titanium-sapphire (Ti:S) laser pulse) and bunches of medium-energy relativistic electrons within the ALICE accelerator. The work undertaken included optimization of the terahertz source itself, which is a large-area photoconductive antenna with high-voltage electrodes; the aim being to maximize the potential that can be applied before breakdown occurs. The key feature of such terahertz sources is the radially-polarized (TEM10-like) nature of the radiation generated. Further work included characterization of the temporal structure and transverse profile of the terahertz radiation pulse in the ALICE Diagnostics Room; duplication of this experimental arrangement inside the ALICE accelerator; modification of the operating parameters of ALICE to produce the most conductive situation for detecting an interaction. The final step was the installation of additional electron beam diagnostics and the experimental search for a definite interaction signal. The work described in this thesis is part of a project named ALICE Energy Modulation Induced by Terahertz Radiation, also known as AEMITR.
title: Aspects of F-theory GUTs
Creators: name: Walters, William
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2013

description: We explicitly construct an SO(10) GUT using a global description of the geometry and find two interesting properties: first, at the point of expected E7 enhancement where the Yukawa interaction is generated, we see that there are not enough irreducible compo- nents in the resolved singular fiber to yield an E7 structure; second, upon constructing the G-flux for this GUT, we see that it is not possible, in general, to satisfy the quan- tization condition. This leads to a set of extra conditions on the geometry to allow for the required quantization. We then look at an E7 GUT using a similar construction.
Funk functions and projective deformations of sprays and Finsler spaces of scalar flag curvature
Creators: name: Bucataru, Ioan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C60, 58B20, 49N45, 58E30

description: In 2001, Zhongmin Shen asked if it is possible for two projectively related Finsler metrics to have the same Riemann curvature tensor, [14, page 184]. In this paper, we provide an answer to this question, within the class of Finsler metrics of scalar flag curvature. In Theorem 3.1, we show that the answer is negative, for non-vanishing scalar flag curvature. The answer is known to be positive when the scalar flag curvature vanishes, [12, 14] and this positive answer is related to the existence of many solutions to Hilbert's Fourth Problem. As a generalisation of this problem, we can ask if it is possible for a given spray, with non-vanishing scalar flag curvature, to represent, after reparametrisation, the geodesic spray of a Finsler metric. In Proposition 3.3, we show how to construct sprays whose projective class does not contain any Finsler metrizable spray with the same Riemann curvature tensor.
description: final version, to appear in Journal of Geometric Analysis
DeepCube: Ontologies for Semantic Data Cubes
Creators: name: Stamoulis, George
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: DeepCube
Semantic Web
Ontology
OWL2
OBDA

description: To be able to implement a semantic data cube for a use case, we need to define an ontology for the data cube and the relevant external data sources that we would like to query. This ontology will be used to semantically enrich the data cube and the external data sources. In DeepCube, we have created the first version of the ontologies for the following use cases: UC2 - Climate induced migration in Africa
 In the current context of climate change, extreme heat waves, droughts and floods are not only impacting the biosphere and atmosphere but the anthroposphere too. Human populations are forcibly displaced, which are now referred to as climate-induced migrants. On the agenda of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC), for instance, there is an item dedicated to migration, displacement and human mobility. The problem has obvious environmental, societal and economic implications, in both adaptation and mitigation to climate change, as well as for assistance to their home states. Modeling, anticipating, characterizing and understanding the severity of migration flows and the direct and latent factors are of paramount relevance. UC3 - Fire hazard short-term forecasting in the Mediterranean
 Climate change is playing an increasing role in determining wildfire regimes, with future climate variability expected to enhance the risk and severity of wildfires in many biomes including Southern Europe, according to the 2019 IPCC Report. Current 1-in-100-year fire events (burned area) could occur every 5 to 50 years in Europe by 2100. Scenarios for global warming greater than 1.5°C could lead to a 40% increase in Mediterranean burned area. Fire hazard forecasting systems linked with the operational authorities (Civil Protection, Fire Brigade/Service etc.), would increase their preparedness and enhance the emergency response capacity. This is the focus of this UC. UC5 - Copernicus services for sustainable and environmentally-friendly tourism
 Tourism is one of the pillars of the modern economy. It constitutes more than 10% of global GDP with a CAGR of 3+%. The number of international tourists is expected to hit the 1 Billion bar in 2020 and forecasted to rise to 1.8 Billion in 2030, making it crucial to find efficient ways to handle this growth, preserve the fragile destinations and adapt to the increasing demand over limited hospitality infrastructures. Additionally, more than 65% of European travellers have declared that they are striving to make their travels more sustainable but do not find the right information or the possibility to assess their environmental footprint. The ontologies are developed using the Web ontology language OWL2, and enable access to the Semantic Data Cube through semantic web technologies, but also integration with Linked Open Data (LOD).
Orbits of strongly solvable spherical subgroups on the flag variety
Creators: name: Gandini, Jacopo
name: Pezzini, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M27, 14L30, 20G05

description: Let G be a connected reductive complex algebraic group and B a Borel subgroup of G. We consider a subgroup H of B acting with finitely many orbits on the flag variety G/B, and we classify the H-orbits in G/B in terms of suitable combinatorial invariants. As well, we study the Weyl group action defined by Knop on the set of H-orbits in G/B, and we give a combinatorial model for this action in terms of weight polytopes.
description: v4: final version, to appear on Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics. Apported some minor corrections to the previous version
Unitary $2$-designs from random $X$- and $Z$-diagonal unitaries
Creators: name: Nakata, Yoshifumi
name: Hirche, Christoph
name: Morgan, Ciara
name: Winter, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unitary $2$-designs are random unitaries simulating up to the second order statistical moments of the uniformly distributed random unitaries, often referred to as Haar random unitaries. They are used in a wide variety of theoretical and practical quantum information protocols, and also have been used to model the dynamics in complex quantum many-body systems. Here, we show that unitary $2$-designs can be approximately implemented by alternately repeating random unitaries diagonal in the Pauli-$Z$ basis and that in the Pauli-$X$ basis. We also provide a converse about the number of repetitions needed to achieve unitary $2$-designs. These results imply that the process after $\ell$ repetitions achieves a $Θ(d^{-\ell})$-approximate unitary $2$-design. Based on the construction, we further provide quantum circuits that efficiently implement approximate unitary $2$-designs. Although a more efficient implementation of unitary $2$-designs is known, our quantum circuit has its own merit that it is divided into a constant number of commuting parts, which enables us to apply all commuting gates simultaneously and leads to a possible reduction of an actual execution time. We finally interpret the result in terms of the dynamics generated by time-dependent Hamiltonians and provide for the first time a random disordered time-dependent Hamiltonian that generates a unitary $2$-design after switching interactions only a few times.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure, v2: some minor changes and added references, v3: 21 pages, 1 figure, both results and presentations were much improved. v4: 20 pages, 1 figure, published version
Mock Quasar-Lyman-α Forest Data-sets for the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey
Creators: name: Bautista, Julian E.
name: Bailey, Stephen
name: Font-Ribera, Andreu
name: Pieri, Matthew M.
name: Busca, Nicolás G.
name: Miralda-Escudé, Jordi
name: Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie
name: Rich, James
name: Dawson, Kyle
name: Feng, Yu
name: Ge, Jian
name: Gontcho, Satya Gontcho A
name: Ho, Shirley
name: Goff, Jean Marc Le
name: Noterdaeme, Pasquier
name: Pâris, Isabelle
name: Rossi, Graziano
name: Schlegel, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe mock data-sets generated to simulate the high-redshift quasar sample in Data Release 11 (DR11) of the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). The mock spectra contain Lyα forest correlations useful for studying the 3D correlation function including Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO). They also include astrophysical effects such as quasar continuum diversity and high-density absorbers, instrumental effects such as noise and spectral resolution, as well as imperfections introduced by the SDSS pipeline treatment of the raw data. The Lyα forest BAO analysis of the BOSS collaboration, described in Delubac et al. 2014, has used these mock data-sets to develop and cross-check analysis procedures prior to performing the BAO analysis on real data, and for continued systematic cross checks. Tests presented here show that the simulations reproduce sufficiently well important characteristics of real spectra. These mock data-sets will be made available together with the data at the time of the Data Release 11.
description: 35 pages, 19 figures, Accepted by JCAP
Pengaruh Nilai Tukar Petani dan Kebijakan Fiskal terhadap Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Pulau Sumatra (Studi Komparatif terhadap Kemiskinan Moneter dan Kemiskinan Multidimensi)
Creators: name: Muin, Muhamad Fathul
name: Wijayanto, Lambang Haris
name: Danindro, Bimo Aji Dimas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Poverty alleviation
Fiscal policy
Welfare

description: The Covid-19 has reduced the pace of the national economy, including on Sumatra Island. The resulting domino effect is the increasing number of poor people, especially those focused on the agricultural sector in rural areas. The effort to overcome this problem, an effective and efficient policy strategy framework is needed. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of Farmer Exchange Rates, the realization of Social Assistance, and Village Budget on the alleviation of monetary poverty and multidimensional poverty in Sumatra Island. This study's analytical method is a panel regression analysis of 10 provinces on Sumatra with the data period from 2015-2018. This study finds that the Farmer Exchange Rate, the realization of Government Spending for Social Assistance, and the Village Budget realization are proven to influence the number of poor people in this region. The government can take some policies to solve this poverty. First, stabilizing agricultural commodity prices through trade between provinces and rescheduling farming schedules. Second, giving additional focus to long-term social assistance programs and ensuring the accuracy of program recipients' targets. The last, encouraging the realization of the Village Budget, especially for community empowerment-based.
description: Sumatra Economic Summit 2020 (https://sumatranomics.com/)
title: Chiquitano and the state: negotiating identities and indigenous territories in Bolivia
Creators: name: Weber, Katinka
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2012

description: This thesis analyses how Chiquitano people engage with the state and to what effect,based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out between September 2006 and August 2007 in the Bolivian Concepción, San Javier and Lomerío municipalities, in the eastern Bolivian lowlands. It focuses on the most contentious areas of Chiquitanostate relations, namely the emergence of the Chiquitano social movement, the struggle for territory and territorial autonomy and participation in the local state bureaucracy. While Chiquitano interact with the state in order to protect their sociocultural communal reproduction, this thesis finds that in many ways the Chiquitano organisation acts as part of the state and replicates its neo-liberal multicultural rhetoric. The state remains the main shaper of forms of political engagement and collective identification (such as indigeneity), resonating with Fried’s (1967) and Scott’s (1998) notions that the state implies some sort of process, one of ‘restructuring’ and ‘making legible’. Consequently, this thesis argues that from the Chiquitano perspective, the election of Bolivia’s first indigenous president in 2005 and his radical state reform project through the 2006-2007 Constituent Assembly, has not fundamentally transformed previous patterns of indigenous-state engagement. It posits that the more successful resistance continues to reside, perhaps more subtly, in comunidades’ socio-cultural relations.
title: The use of fractal geometry in the study of settlements in West Africa
Creators: name: Hutchens-Boll, Nicholas
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2010

description: This dissertation is intended as part of my continuing research into the prevalence of fractal forms within West African settlements, and the potential use of fractal analysis in the comparison of urban and cultural forms, here and in other parts of the world. It is hoped the results of the research can have profound effects on the understanding of how sociological patterns go on to influence their associated built environment – through a more empirical comparison process than currently exists. Analogies drawn with biological evolutionary theory have proved very elucidating in this respect. This initial report's focus is on the introduction of African fractals, the identification of a suitable case study area, the development of a viable system of analysis and an investigation of the potential paths of future work this opens. Although the identification and explanation of African fractals has been attempted before, by Ron Eglash and others, it is the use of recently developed fractal analysis software which will, hopefully, allow a more rigorous investigation to be undertaken. Thus, the crux of this dissertation is the development of appropriate methods for use with Benoit: Fractal Analysis System, and the discussion of the meaning of the results produced. The dissertation will begin with an introduction of: the specific research questions to be addressed, the research methodologies to be used, and relevant existing work in the fields of fractal geometry, urban morphology and the study of African culture – in particular the Dogon. This will be followed by an account of the planning, performance and results of the fractal analysis and a discussion of the direction of further work. This will include the potential of the use of modelling in the next stage in the research and the identification of the requirements needed in sociological understanding to achieve this, in terms of additional information on Dogon culture and a more precise understanding of the effects of cultural processes. This will be followed by a brief conclusion outlining the potential applications of the research and the implications of this work to the wider fields within which it sites itself.
Reversible Causal Graph Dynamics
Creators: name: Arrighi, Pablo
name: Martiel, Simon
name: Perdrix, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Causal Graph Dynamics extend Cellular Automata to arbitrary, bounded-degree, time-varying graphs. The whole graph evolves in discrete time steps, and this global evolution is required to have a number of physics-like symmetries: shift-invariance (it acts everywhere the same) and causality (information has a bounded speed of propagation). We add a further physics-like symmetry, namely reversibility. KEYWORDS: Bijective, invertible, injective, surjective, one-to-one, onto, Cayley graphs, Hedlund, Block representation, Lattice-gas automaton, Reversible Cellular Automata.
description: 33 pages, 10 figures
title: A new model for studying the effects of NSAIDs on cell migration in the canine gastric epithelium
Creators: name: Hollins, Rachael
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2013

description: NSAIDs, which act as COX antagonists, are widely used in veterinary practice to provide long-term pain relief, however a major limiting complication of their use in dogs is gastric ulceration. Gastric ulceration may result from either direct toxic effects on gastric epithelial cells or systemic action, including the inhibition of gastric epithelial cell migration. The role of cell migration in this effect and the specific signalling pathways involved are not known. COX-derived prostaglandins are known to have an important role in gastric defence and cytoprotection through the promotion of gastric mucosal blood flow and mucus secretion and the inhibition of gastric acid secretion. Given the importance of gastric epithelial cell migration in re-establishing gastric mucosal integrity following injury, the aim of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that paracrine PGE2 signalling modulates gastric epithelial cell migration. In order to address this hypothesis, a primary cell culture model which incorporates intact canine gastric glands that spread to form monolayer cell islands, was first characterised and then used. The effects of non-selective and COX-2 selective antagonism on cell spreading in this model and wound healing in immortalised cell monolayers was assessed. Furthermore, the involvement of subtype-specific EP receptor signalling in PGE2-mediated modulation of epithelial cell migration was investigated through treatment with specific agonists and antagonists. Both non-selective and COX-2 selective antagonism inhibited PGE2 production and epithelial cell migration, thus providing evidence that COX-2-derived PGE2 is important for the modulation of epithelial cell migration. Furthermore, non-selective and COX-2 selective antagonism inhibited cellular protrusive activity. The effects of PGE2 on epithelial cell migration were shown to be mediated through EP3 and EP4 receptor signalling. Expression of COX-2, EP3 and EP4 was found to be readily induced in response to stressors. Interestingly, COX-2 expression was up-regulated in patients infected with spiral bacteria. These findings provide evidence that COX-2-derived PGE2 stimulates epithelial cell migration and the formation of cellular protrusions. Thus, reduced PGE2 production in the gastric mucosa may inhibit gastric epithelial migration and contribute to the ulcerogenic effects associated with COX antagonist therapy.
title: Pattern formations with discrete waves and broadcasting sequences
Creators: name: Nickson, Thomas
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2013

description: This thesis defines the Broadcasting Automata model as an intuitive and complete method of distributed pattern formation, partitioning and distributed geometric computation. The system is examined within the context of Swarm Robotics whereby large numbers of minimally complex robots may be deployed in a variety of circumstances and settings with goals as diverse as from toxic spill containment to geological survey. Accomplishing these tasks with such simplistic machines is complex and has been deconstructed in to sub-problems considered to be signif- icant because, when composed, they are able to solve much more complex tasks. Sub-problems have been identified, and studied as pattern formation, leader elec- tion, aggregation, chain formation, hole avoidance, foraging, path formation, etc. The Broadcasting Automata draws inspiration from a variety of sources such as Ad-Hoc radio networks, cellular automata, neighbourhood sequences and nature, employing many of the same pattern forming methods that can be seen in the superposition of waves and resonance. To this end the thesis gives an in depth analysis of the primitive tools of the Broadcasting Automata model, nodal patterns, where waves from a variety of transmitters can in linear time construct partitions and patterns with results per- taining to the numbers of different patterns and partitions, along with the number of those that differ, are given. Using these primitives of the model a variety of algorithms are given including leader election, through the location of the centre of a discrete disc, and a solution to the Firing Squad Synchronisation problem. These problems are solved linearly.An exploration of the ability to vary the broadcasting radius of each node leads to results of categorisations of digital discs, their form, composition, encodings and generation. Results pertaining to the nodal patterns generated by arbitrary transmission radii on the plane are explored with a connection to broadcasting sequences and approximation of discrete metrics of which results are given for the approximation of astroids, a previously unachievable concave metric, through a novel application of the aggregation of waves via a number of explored functions. Broadcasting Automata aims to place itself as a robust and complete linear time and large scale system for the construction of patterns, partitions and geometric computation. Algorithms and methodologies are given for the solution of problems within Swarm Robotics and an extension to neighbourhood sequences. It is also hoped that it opens up a new area of research that can expand many older and more mature works.
title: Pursuing national leadership in the Mediterranean: Spanish and French European policy since 1995
Creators: name: Delgado, Mireia
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2014

description: The Mediterranean is a complex area where many interests converge. For long, France has been the leading actor in Euro-Mediterranean policies. However, since the 1990’s, this privileged position has been challenged with the emergence of a ‘new’ member-state with entrepreneurial ambitions: Spain. What kind of entrepreneurial action has been undertaken by France and Spain and under what conditions? To what extent have these two key Mediterranean policy actors been able to collaborate? This thesis analyses the strategies of Paris and Madrid in relation to European foreign policy- making towards the Mediterranean in their attempt to focus more attention on the south. The comparative method adopted in this research presents the role played by France and Spain in projecting their national preferences onto European foreign policy-making towards the Mediterranean. During the Barcelona Process, Madrid played a more significant role than Paris and Spain emerged as an important regional partner with capacity to influence European policy by adopting a collaborative role with other partners and the European Commission, although not without certain contradictions during the different governments of Felipe González, José María Aznar and José Luís Rodríguez Zapatero. France’s role in the Mediterranean, however, has gone through different approaches: the government of Chirac adopted a new regional strategy based on a return to the Arab Policy of France which entailed a reorientation of French strategy with the Barcelona Process becoming a secondary interest. The change of incumbents at the head of the French government again put the focus on the Mediterranean under Sarkozy with a new controversial proposal that, initially, left out the European Union, and represented a new ‘leadership’ style. Although, there has been ‘continuity’ in the different strategies of the Elysée towards the Mediterranean, in the sense that all governments have given great attention to the inland sea, the focus differed greatly under Chirac and Sarkozy. This thesis argues that the Barcelona Process meant the consolidation of a ‘tandemship’ or duo between Paris and Madrid that has gone through different phases from 1995 to nowadays.
Mapping cone formula in Heegaard Floer homology and Dehn surgery on knots in $S^3$
Creators: name: Gainullin, Fyodor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We write down an explicit formula for the $+$ version of the Heegaard Floer homology (as an absolutely graded vector space over an arbitrary field) of the results of Dehn surgery on a knot $K$ in $S^3$ in terms of homological data derived from $CFK^{\infty}(K)$. This allows us to prove some results about Dehn surgery on knots in $S^3$. In particular, we show that for a fixed manifold there are only finitely many alternating knots that can produce it by surgery. This is an improvement on a recent result by Lackenby and Purcell. We also derive a lower bound on the genus of knots depending on the manifold they give by surgery. Some new restrictions on Seifert fibred surgery are also presented.
description: 28 pages, 3 figures; accepted for publication in AGT, incorporates corrections resulting from the referee's comments
Efficient Approximation of Diagonal Unitaries over the Clifford+T Basis
Creators: name: Welch, Jonathan
name: Bocharov, Alex
name: Svore, Krysta M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: D.3.4

description: We present an algorithm for the approximate decomposition of diagonal operators, focusing specifically on decompositions over the Clifford+$T$ basis, that minimize the number of phase-rotation gates in the synthesized approximation circuit. The equivalent $T$-count of the synthesized circuit is bounded by $k \, C_0 \log_2(1/\varepsilon) + E(n,k)$, where $k$ is the number of distinct phases in the diagonal $n$-qubit unitary, $\varepsilon$ is the desired precision, $C_0$ is a quality factor of the implementation method ($1
description: 18 pages, 8 figures; introduction improved for readability, references added (in particular to Dawson & Nielsen)
Early dark energy and its interaction with dark matter
Creators: name: Pu, Bo-Yu
name: Xu, Xiao-Dong
name: Wang, Bin
name: Abdalla, Elcio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a class of early dark energy models which has substantial amount of dark energy in the early epoch of the universe. We examine the impact of the early dark energy fluctuations on the growth of structure and the CMB power spectrum in the linear approximation. Furthermore we investigate the influence of the interaction between the early dark energy and the dark matter and its effect on the structure growth and CMB. We finally constrain the early dark energy model parameters and the coupling between dark sectors by confronting to different observations.
description: 23 pages, 18 figures
Supplementary Material from Species traits elucidate crop pest response to landscape composition: a global analysis
Creators: name: Tamburini, Giovanni
name: Santoiemma, Giacomo
name: O'Rourke, Megan E.
name: Bommarco, Riccardo
name: Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca
name: Dainese, Matteo
name: Karp, Daniel S.
name: Kim, Tania N.
name: Martin, Emily A.
name: Petersen, Matt
name: Marini, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Details on crop pest species, statistical analyses and results
title: Reconstructing long-term records of UK drought and analysis of variability: 1697-2013
Creators: name: Todd, Beverley
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: Droughts are one of the most widespread and complex natural hazards, and remain poorly understood in the context of the United Kingdom. Although the UK is perceived as a relatively water rich country, droughts are a recurrent feature of its climate, causing widespread and serious environmental and economic impacts. Current understanding of drought risk is often based on relatively short records, and/or a small number of specific contemporary case study events from the last couple of decades (e.g. 1976). This study addresses this problem through the development of long (>150 year) meteorological drought records reconstructed using the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI). The index was calculated using long duration temperature and rainfall records. New rainfall series were generated for Carlisle and Chatsworth, existent rainfall series were extended for Kew, Spalding, Manchester, Edinburgh and Oxford. Additional rainfall series were kindly provided for Appleby and Durham. Temperature series for the Lancashire Plain, Oxford, Edinburgh and Durham were also extended. Where appropriate the newly developed and existing series were evaluated and tested to ensure homogeneity. The drought reconstructions identify multiple drought-rich periods, particularly in the eighteenth and twentieth centuries, with an increasing tendency towards more severe droughts during the latter period. Prolonged rainfall deficiencies are found to be the primary cause of severe droughts, with rising temperatures exacerbating the rainfall conditioned drought pattern. Cycles at the 6-10 year period identify a sub-decadal to decadal signal during the more drought-rich periods, which can be interpreted as reflecting large scale modes of climate variability. Analysis of the spatial variability of droughts finds that whilst severe events predominantly display spatial coherence, there are notable variations in drought characteristics (severity and duration) that reflect intra- and interregional variability in drought behaviour. In part this can be attributed to localised variations in rainfall and distance between sites. This study extends the temporal range of previous drought studies and places recent drought events in a longer context, improving upon existing ‘benchmark’ drought analyses; with far-reaching implications for local, national and continental scale reduction of drought vulnerability and risk.
title: Natural ventilation strategies to enhance human comfort in high-rise residential buildings in Thailand
Creators: name: Prajongsan, Pimolsiri
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: In this study a thermal comfort ventilation strategy called ‘ventilation shaft’, which is a vertical shaft located at the rear of a single-sided unit and with an exhaust at the building’s flat roof, is proposed for a single-sided residential unit in high-rise buildings in Bangkok. The main aim is to investigate its potential to maximize the unit’s indoor air velocity and to extend the occupants’ thermal comfort, which, therefore, reduces high electricity consumption due to cooling systems. By using the validated CFD code in DesignBuilder simulation software, the ventilation shaft’s effectiveness was examined and its design was optimized. It was found that the proposed strategy can effectively increase the unit’s air velocity from 0.05ms-1 to 1.44ms-1 (approximately 36% of the external wind speed of 4ms-1under wind incident angle of 0°). The external wind speed and direction relating to the unit’s main window were found as the most influential external parameters, while the vertical shaft’s size as well as the inlet and outlet’s size and location with respect to the occupied area were the most influential design factors to determine its performance. A shaft height of at least 1m above the building flat roof, as well as an opening width of at least 50%-75% of the wall’s width, is recommended for ensuring the best results. Openings’ length, particularly the inlet’s, only to cover the occupied level is also suggested to avoid excessive solar heat gain from the environment. Regarding thermal comfort, the ventilation shaft with its optimal design was attached to the rooms from floor 6th to floor 25th of the hypothetical building and found able to produce the required air speed for creating physiological cooling effect in most units. This could extend the occupants’ thermal comfort time for up to 33% and 64% per day for a south- and a north-facing unit in the hypothetical building, respectively based on ASHRAE’s adaptive comfort model, and could lead to significant energy savings of up to 68.8MW per annum and 5,291MW per annum for a typical residential building in Bangkok based on a typical electric ceiling fan and a split type air conditioner respectively. In conclusion, the proposed ventilation shaft is an effective windinduced strategy to increase the air velocity and create cross ventilation in a single-sided residential unit, which can enhance the natural ventilation potential to provide thermal comfort and reduce the a/c systems dependency in typical high-rise residential buildings in Bangkok and other hot-humid climates.
Expanded Table 1 for Leaving Flatland: Advances in 3D behavioral measurement
Creators: name: Marshall, Jesse D
name: Li, Tianqing
name: Wu, Joshua H
name: Dunn, Timothy W
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Expanded Table 1 accompanying "Leaving Flatland: Advances in 3D behavioral measurement" published in Current Opinion in Neurobiology (2022). Emerging directions in 3D human and animal tracking. Thematically organized compilation of recent studies that
 illustrate a roadmap for improvements in 3D behavioral tracking based on computer vision and deep learning.
ConcePTION social media toolbox for Twitter, Facebook, Instagram & LinkedIn
Creators: name: Holm, Anna
name: Fernow, Josepine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This is a general toolbox to help you design and plan successful communication campaigns on social media. The toolbox includes: General tactics to reach women that can serve as a guide for developing tactics to reach health care professionals, or other audiences. ConcePTIONapproved messaging and how to integrate it (when used by others, this can of course be tailored to your own messaging) How to craft a message with a call to action Information about using images, video, cropping and how links work on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook & LinkedIn Ready-to-use design templates
Verifying Chemical Reaction Network Implementations: A Pathway Decomposition Approach
Creators: name: Shin, Seung Woo
name: Thachuk, Chris
name: Winfree, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Here we focus on the challenge of verifying the correctness of molecular implementations of abstract chemical reaction networks, where operation in a well-mixed "soup" of molecules is stochastic, asynchronous, concurrent, and often involves multiple intermediate steps in the implementation, parallel pathways, and side reactions. This problem relates to the verification of Petri nets, but existing approaches are not sufficient for providing a single guarantee covering an infinite set of possible initial states (molecule counts) and an infinite state space potentially explored by the system given any initial state. We address these issues by formulating a new theory of pathway decomposition that provides an elegant formal basis for comparing chemical reaction network implementations, and we present an algorithm that computes this basis. Our theory naturally handles certain situations that commonly arise in molecular implementations, such as what we call "delayed choice," that are not easily accommodated by other approaches. We further show how pathway decomposition can be combined with weak bisimulation to handle a wider class that includes most currently known enzyme-free DNA implementation techniques. We anticipate that our notion of logical equivalence between chemical reaction network implementations will be valuable for other molecular implementations such as biochemical enzyme systems, and perhaps even more broadly in concurrency theory.
description: 41 pages, 11 figures. Preliminary version appeared in VEMDP 2014, an affiliated workshop of CAV 2014. This version submitted to Theoretical Computer Science
Sharing academic research: The role of institutional repositories [Presentation slides]
Creators: name: Quigley, Niamh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: institutional repositories
third-party repositories
open access
Australian institutional repositories

description: Curtin University Library funded a project to explore the role of Australian institutional repositories in sharing academic research. We interviewed 22 library leaders and repository managers from 17 Australian universities, and 3 researchers from Curtin University. In this webinar, we share the findings from the project, including: The challenges university libraries face for their institutional repositories The strategic directions for and the future of institutional repositories The perceptions of third-party repositories The role of subject-based and general repositories in sharing academic research The conversations we need to have on a national level about repositories and open research The recording of this webinar is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HYPACdGy2RY&ab_channel=CurtinLibrary The research report is available at https://doi.org/10.25917/S5A6-R623
Variational Integrators for Nonvariational Partial Differential Equations
Creators: name: Kraus, Michael
name: Maj, Omar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35A15, 65M06, 70S05, 70S10

description: Variational integrators for Lagrangian dynamical systems provide a systematic way to derive geometric numerical methods. These methods preserve a discrete multisymplectic form as well as momenta associated to symmetries of the Lagrangian via Noether's theorem. An inevitable prerequisite for the derivation of variational integrators is the existence of a variational formulation for the considered problem. Even though for a large class of systems this requirement is fulfilled, there are many interesting examples which do not belong to this class, e.g., equations of advection-diffusion type frequently encountered in fluid dynamics or plasma physics. On the other hand, it is always possible to embed an arbitrary dynamical system into a larger Lagrangian system using the method of formal (or adjoint) Lagrangians. We investigate the application of the variational integrator method to formal Lagrangians, and thereby extend the application domain of variational integrators to include potentially all dynamical systems. The theory is supported by physically relevant examples, such as the advection equation and the vorticity equation, and numerically verified. Remarkably, the integrator for the vorticity equation combines Arakawa's discretisation of the Poisson brackets with a symplectic time stepping scheme in a fully covariant way such that the discrete energy is exactly preserved. In the presentation of the results, we try to make the geometric framework of variational integrators accessible to non specialists.
description: 49 pages
Analytic torsion and R-torsion of Witt representations on manifolds with cusps
Creators: name: Albin, Pierre
name: Rochon, Frédéric
name: Sher, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58J52, 58J05, 58J50, 58J35, 55N25, 55N33

description: We establish a Cheeger-Muller theorem for unimodular representations satisfying a Witt condition on a noncompact manifold with cusps. This class of spaces includes all non-compact hyperbolic spaces of finite volume, but we do not assume that the metric has constant curvature nor that the link of the cusp is a torus. We use renormalized traces in the sense of Melrose to define the analytic torsion and we relate it to the intersection R-torsion of Dar of the natural compactification to a stratified space. Our proof relies on our recent work on the behavior of the Hodge Laplacian spectrum on a closed manifold undergoing degeneration to a manifold with fibered cusps.
description: 50 pages, 1 figure. v3: corrected typos and made changes to match with the new version of arXiv:1410.8406