cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
DB75, a Novel Trypanocidal Agent, Disrupts Mitochondrial Function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Creators: name: Tidwell, R. R.
name: Meshnick, S. R.
name: Lanteri, C. A.
name: Trumpower, B. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: The aromatic diamidines represent a class of compounds with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity; however, their development is hindered by a lack of understanding of their mechanism of antimicrobial action. DB75 [2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)furan] is a trypanocidal aromatic diamidine that was originally developed as a structural analogue of the antitrypanosomal agent pentamidine. DB289, a novel orally active prodrug of DB75, is undergoing phase IIb clinical trials for early-stage human African trypanosomiasis, Pneumocystis jiroveci carinii pneumonia, and malaria. The purpose of this study was to investigate mechanisms of action of DB75 using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism. The results of this investigation suggest that DB75 inhibits mitochondrial function. Yeast cells relying upon mitochondrial metabolism for energy production are especially sensitive to DB75. DB75 localizes (by fluorescence) within the mitochondria of living yeast cells and collapses the mitochondrial membrane potential in isolated yeast mitochondria. Furthermore, addition of DB75 to yeast cells or isolated rat liver mitochondria results in immediate uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and subsequent inhibition of respiration. We conclude that the mitochondrion is a cellular target of DB75 in yeast cells and anticipate that the results of this study will aid in the target-based design of new antimicrobial aromatic diamidines.
Occurrence of Fipronil in residential house dust in the presence and absence of pets: a hint for a comprehensive toxicological assessment
Creators: name: Testa, Cecilia
name: Severyn Salis
name: Rubattu, Nicola
name: Roncada, Paola
name: Miniero, Roberto
name: Brambilla, Gianfranco
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: The presence of the insecticide Fipronil and its main products of toxicological relevance, namely Sulfone and Desulfinyl, was assessed in 161 residential house dust samples in the absence (N = 101) and presence (N = 60) of cats and dogs in Italy. High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis revealed a significant difference (p
Effects of Maribavir and Selected Indolocarbazoles on Epstein-Barr Virus Protein Kinase BGLF4 and on Viral Lytic Replication
Creators: name: Hong, K.
name: Gershburg, E.
name: Pagano, J. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) homolog of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) protein kinase (PK), UL97, is inhibited by maribavir (1263W94) and selected indolocarbazoles. Here we show that only one of these indolocarbazoles (K252a), but not maribavir, inhibits autophosphorylation of the EBV PK, BGLF4. However, maribavir and another indolocarbazole, NGIC-I, do inhibit EBV DNA synthesis, suggesting that although these last compounds inhibit both HCMV and EBV, they seem to operate through differ-ent pathways.
How to Constrain Your M Dwarf. II. the Mass-Luminosity-Metallicity Relation from 0.075 to 0.70 Solar Masses
Creators: name: Kraus, A.L.
name: Thao, P.C.
name: Dittmann, J.
name: Feiden, G.
name: Dupuy, T.
name: Martinez, R.A.
name: Hung, C.-L.
name: Ruiz-Rodriguez, D.
name: Rizzuto, A.C.
name: Ansdell, M.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Gaidos, E.
name: Factor, S.
name: Ireland, M.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2019

description: The massluminosity relation for late-type stars has long been a critical tool for estimating stellar masses. However, there is growing need for both a higher-precision relation and a better understanding of systematic effects (e.g., metallicity). Here we present an empirical relationship between M KS and M ∗ spanning 0.075 M o <M ∗ < 0.70M o . The relation is derived from 62 nearby binaries, whose orbits we determine using a combination of Keck/NIRC2 imaging, archival adaptive optics data, and literature astrometry. From their orbital parameters, we determine the total mass of each system, with a precision better than 1% in the best cases. We use these total masses, in combination with resolved K S magnitudes and system parallaxes, to calibrate the M KS -M ∗ relation. The resulting posteriors can be used to determine masses of single stars with a precision of 2%-3%, which we confirm by testing the relation on stars with individual dynamical masses from the literature. The precision is limited by scatter around the best-fit relation beyond measured M ∗ uncertainties, perhaps driven by intrinsic variation in the M KS -M ∗ relation or underestimated uncertainties in the input parallaxes. We find that the effect of [Fe/H] on the M KS -M ∗ relation is likely negligible for metallicities in the solar neighborhood (0.0% ± 2.2% change in mass per dex change in [Fe/H]). This weak effect is consistent with predictions from the Dartmouth Stellar Evolution Database, but inconsistent with those from MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (at 5σ). A sample of binaries with a wider range of abundances will be required to discern the importance of metallicity in extreme populations (e.g., in the Galactic halo or thick disk).
L'invasion des emprunts en alsacien de Mulhouse
Creators: name: VOGLER
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: german dialectology

description: Les emprunts du dialecte mulhousien témoignent de sa situation au sein d'une communauté nationale peu encline à valoriser les 'patois'. Le français, mais non exclusivement, est à la source d'un nombre considérable de termes qui induisent une rupture avec les parents alémaniques de l'alsacien. Signalés par une flèche, ils sont à distinguer des cas d'évolution phonétique. Pour des raisons d'exactitude, la graphie est conforme aux principes de l'IPA.
Normal-mode splitting in the coupled system of hybridized nuclear magnons and microwave photons
Creators: name: Abdurakhimov, Leonid V.
name: Bunkov, Yuriy M.
name: Konstantinov, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the weak ferromagnetic MnCO$_3$ system, a low-frequency collective spin excitation (magnon) is the hybridized oscillation of nuclear and electron spins coupled through the hyperfine interaction. By using a split-ring resonator, we performed transmission spectroscopy measurements of MnCO$_3$ system and observed, for the first time, avoiding crossing between the hybridized nuclear-electron magnon mode and the resonator mode in the NMR-frequency range. The splitting strength is quite large due to the large spin density of $^{55}$Mn, and the cooperativity value $C=0.2$ (magnon-photon coupling parameter) is close to the conditions of strong coupling. The results reveal a new class of spin systems, in which the coupling between nuclear spins and photons is mediated by electron spins via the hyperfine interaction, and in which the similar normal-mode splitting of the hybridized nuclear magnon mode and the resonator mode can be observed.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Rapid Real-Time PCR Genotyping of Mutations Associated with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
Creators: name: Alker, A. P.
name: Mwapasa, V.
name: Meshnick, S. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: The resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is an emerging public health threat. Resistance to these drugs is associated with point mutations in the genes encoding dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). We describe here an assay using real-time PCR and sequence-specific probes that detects these mutations. Using DNA from plasmids, cultured strains, and clinical samples, real-time PCR could distinguish four DHPS polymorphisms (codons 437, 540, 581, and 613) and three DHFR polymorphisms (codons 51, 59, and 108). This assay is rapid and sensitive, with a detection limit of 10 copies in most cases. This assay is amenable to large-scale studies of drug resistance.
Periodic and quasiperiodic motions of many particles falling in a viscous fluid
Creators: name: Gruca, Marta
name: Bukowicki, Marek
name: Ekiel-Jezewska, Maria L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamics of regular clusters of many non-touching particles falling under gravity in a viscous fluid at low Reynolds number are analysed within the point-particle model. Evolution of two families of particle configurations is determined: 2 or 4 regular horizontal polygons (called `rings') centred above or below each other. Two rings fall together and periodically oscillate. Four rings usually separate from each other with chaotic scattering. For hundreds of thousands of initial configurations, a map of the cluster lifetime is evaluated, where the long-lasting clusters are centred around periodic solutions for the relative motions, and surrounded by regions of the chaotic scattering,in a similar way as it was observed by Janosi et al. (1997) for three particles only. These findings suggest to consider the existence of periodic orbits as a possible physical mechanism of the existence of unstable clusters of particles falling under gravity in a viscous fluid.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Experimental Study of HVAC On-Off effects on Aerosol Transmission in a Classroom
Creators: Zabihi, Mojtaba
McCreary, Sara
Winkler, Jake
Li, Ri
Little, Jonathan
Brinkerhoff, Joshua
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

Conference Abstract. Part of the Proceedings of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering International Congress 2022.
Causal Fermion Systems as an Effective Collapse Theory
Creators: name: Finster, Felix
name: Kleiner, Johannes
name: Paganini, Claudio F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that, in the non-relativistic limit, causal fermion systems give rise to an effective collapse theory. The nonlinear and stochastic correction terms to the Schrödinger equation are derived from the causal action principle. The dynamics of the statistical operator is described by a deterministic equation of Kossakowski-Lindblad form. Moreover, the quantum state undergoes a dynamical collapse compatible with the Born rule. The effective model has similarities with the continuous spontaneous localization model, but differs from it by a conservation law for the probability integral as well as a non-locality in time on a microscopic length scale $\ell_{\min}$.
description: 38 pages, LaTeX, 7 figures, minor changes (published version)
Resummation prediction on the jet mass spectrum in one-jet inclusive production at the LHC
Creators: name: Liu, Ze Long
name: Li, Chong Sheng
name: Wang, Jian
name: Wang, Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the factorization and resummation prediction on the jet mass spectrum in one-jet inclusive production at the LHC based on soft-collinear effective theory. The soft function with anti-$k_T$ algorithm is calculated at next-to-leading order and its validity is demonstrated by checking the agreement between the expanded leading singular terms with the exact fixed-order result. The large logarithms $\ln^{n} (m_J^2/p_T^2)$ and the global logarithms $\ln^{n} (s_4/p_T^2)$ in the process are resummed to all order at next-to-leading logarithmic and next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic level, respectively. The cross section is enhanced by about 23% from the next-to-leading logarithmic level to next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic level. Comparing our resummation predictions with those from Monte Carlo tool PYTHIA and ATLAS data at the 7 TeV LHC, we find that the peak positions of the jet mass spectra agree with those from PYTHIA at parton level, and the predictions of the jet mass spectra with non-perturbative effects are in coincidence with the ATLAS data. We also show the predictions at the future 13 TeV LHC.
description: 43 pages, 10 figures
An overview of the efficacy and safety of deferiprone in paediatric patients with congenital haemoglobinopathies and chronic iron overload
Creators: name: Ceci, Adriana
name: Conte, Rosa
name: Didio, Antonella
name: Bonifazi, Donato
name: Mariagrazia Felisi
name: Giannuzzi, Viviana
name: Bonifazi, Fedele
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Introduction: Congenital hemoglobinopathies represent the most severe forms of anemia in Europe requiring treatment that include regular blood transfusions and iron chelators administered alone or in combination. However, none of the existing chelators completely covers the pediatric needs. Areas covered: The introduction of deferiprone on the market has represented an important advancement in congenital hemoglobinopathies. Moreover, several studies have shown that deferiprone combined therapy with desferrioxamine is particularly effective in cardiac iron overload. Despite a wide experience on deferiprone use, limited data were available in the pediatric population (<10 years of age) at the time of the marketing authorization. This review investigates and discusses the evidence more recently provided by deferiprone pediatric studies. Expert opinion: Available deferiprone efficacy and safety data in pediatrics are increasing and demonstrate that DFP is adequate and efficacious at the same dosage used in adults. No significantly increased risk for agranulocytosis and other relevant adverse events/adverse drug reactions is reported, but caution is recommended in very young children and in combined therapy if two chelators (deferiprone + desferrioxamine or deferiprone + deferasirox) are administered simultaneously. The results of larger and statistically powered trials are expected to solve the still existing controversies in pediatric uses of deferiprone.
Food Service in the Nation's Schools
Creators: name: Van Dress, Michael G.
name: Putnam, Judith Jones
name: Van Dress, Michael G.
name: Putnam, Judith Jones
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Food service
subject: food away from home
subject: school food market
subject: Federally donated commodities
subject: child nutrition
subject: entitlement programs
subject: National School Lunch Program
subject: School Breakfast Program

description: Food service in the Nation's schools provides a substantial outlet for U.S. farm commodities. The quantity of goods received by schools in 1975 exceeded 8 billion pounds, up 35 percent from 1963. This represents about 3 percent of total national food production. In 1980, over 80 percent of U.S. schools participated in the National School Lunch Program in which 4.4 billion lunches were served to 26.7 million children (57 percent of the U.S. school population). Nearly half of these lunches were served free or at reduced price to children from low-income families. In the 1980's budget constraints and declining enrollment will reduce the size of the school market.
High-Level Chromosomally Mediated Tetracycline Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Results from a Point Mutation in the rpsJ Gene Encoding Ribosomal Protein S10 in Combination with the mtrR and penB Resistance Determinants
Creators: name: Hu, M.
name: Nandi, S.
name: Nicholas, R. A.
name: Davies, C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Neisseria gonorrhoeae becomes resistant to tetracycline by two major mechanisms: expression of a plasmid-encoded TetM protein and mutations in endogenous genes (chromosomally mediated resistance). Early studies by Sparling and colleagues (P. F. Sparling F. A. J. Sarubbi, and E. Blackman, J. Bacteriol. 124:740-749, 1975) demonstrated that three genes were involved in high-level chromosomally mediated tetracycline resistance (MIC of tetracycline ≥ 2 μg/ml): ery-2 (now referred to as mtrR), penB, and tet-2. While the identities of the first two genes are known, the tet-2 gene has not been identified. We cloned the tet-2 gene, which confers tetracycline resistance, from tetracycline-resistant clinical isolate N. gonorrhoeae FA6140 and show that resistance is due to a single point mutation (Val-57 to Met) in the rpsJ gene (rpsJ1) encoding ribosomal protein S10. Moreover, the identical mutation was found in six distinct tetracycline-resistant clinical isolates in which the MIC of tetracycline was ≥2 μg/ml. Site-saturation mutagenesis of the codon for Val-57 identified two other amino acids (Leu and Gln) that conferred identical levels of resistance as the Met-57 mutation. The mutation maps to the vertex of a loop in S10 that is near the aminoacyl-tRNA site in the structure of the 30S ribosomal subunit from Thermus thermophilus, and the residue equivalent to Val-57 in T. thermophilus S10, Lys-55, is within 8 to 9 Å of bound tetracycline. These data suggest that large noncharged amino acids alter the rRNA structure near the tetracycline-binding site, leading to a lower affinity of the antibiotic.
Mutations Associated with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine and Chlorproguanil Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum Isolates from Blantyre, Malawi
Creators: name: Kamwendo, D. D.
name: Purfield, A.
name: Rogerson, S. J.
name: Molyneux, M. E.
name: Meshnick, S. R.
name: Mwapasa, V.
name: Alker, A. P.
name: Chaluluka, E.
name: Tadesse, E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: We conducted a prevalence study of mutations in Plasmodium falciparum that are associated with antifolate resistance in Blantyre, Malawi. The dihydrofolate reductase 164-Leu mutation, which confers resistance to both pyrimethamine and chlorproguanil, was found in 4.7% of the samples. Previously unreported mutations in dihydropteroate synthase were also found.
TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME): A Planet in the 45 Myr Tucana-Horologium Association
Creators: name: MacIntosh, B.
name: Kraus, A.L.
name: Thao, P.C.
name: Feiden, G.
name: Burke, C.J.
name: Tofflemire, B.M.
name: Li, J.
name: Davies, M.
name: Morris, R.L.
name: Collins, K.A.
name: Waite, I.A.
name: Isopi, G.
name: Wang, J.J.
name: Winn, J.N.
name: Villaseñor, J.
name: Wood, M.L.
name: Anderson, D.R.
name: Fausnaugh, M.
name: Mengel, M.W.
name: Rizzuto, A.C.
name: Martinez, R.A.
name: Vanderspek, R.
name: Barclay, T.
name: Brown, C.
name: Villeneuva, S.
name: Stockdale, C.
name: De Rosa, R.J.
name: Wittenmyer, R.A.
name: Hellier, C.
name: Jenkins, J.M.
name: Bouma, L.G.
name: Rampalli, R.
name: Newton, E.R.
name: Mukai, K.
name: Okumura, J.
name: Lissauer, J.J.
name: Ricker, G.R.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Kielkopf, J.F.
name: Pearce, L.
name: Mallia, F.
name: Latham, D.W.
name: Vanderburg, A.
name: Seager, S.
name: Ruffio, J.-B.
name: Johnson, M.C.
name: Nelson, P.
name: Rodriguez, J.E.
name: Nielsen, E.L.
name: Hart, R.
name: Dragomir, D.
name: Wright, D.J.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2019

description: Young exoplanets are snapshots of the planetary evolution process. Planets that orbit stars in young associations are particularly important because the age of the planetary system is well constrained. We present the discovery of a transiting planet larger than Neptune but smaller than Saturn in the 45 Myr Tucana-Horologium young moving group. The host star is a visual binary, and our follow-up observations demonstrate that the planet orbits the G6V primary component, DS Tuc A (HD 222259A, TIC 410214986). We first identified transits using photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS; alerted as TOI 200.01). We validated the planet and improved the stellar parameters using a suite of new and archival data, including spectra from Southern Astrophysical Research/Goodman, South African Extremely Large Telescope/High Resolution Spectrograph and Las Cumbres Observatories/Network of Robotic Echelle Spectrographs; transit photometry from Spitzer; and deep adaptive optics imaging from Gemini/Gemini Planet Imager. No additional stellar or planetary signals are seen in the data. We measured the planetary parameters by simultaneously modeling the photometry with a transit model and a Gaussian process to account for stellar variability. We determined that the planetary radius is 5.70 ± 0.17 R ⊕ and that the orbital period is 8.1 days. The inclination angles of the host star's spin axis, the planet's orbital axis, and the visual binary's orbital axis are aligned within 15° to within the uncertainties of the relevant data. DS Tuc Ab is bright enough (V = 8.5) for detailed characterization using radial velocities and transmission spectroscopy.
A 9-h CV with one outburst in 4 yr of Kepler data
Creators: name: Thorstensen, J.R.
name: LaCourse, D.
name: Lin, D.N.C.
name: Jacobs, T.
name: Yu, Z.
name: Rappaport, S.
name: Nelson, L.
name: Aiken, J.
name: Borkovits, T.
name: Toloza, O.
name: Gänsicke, B.T.
name: Steeghs, D.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Vanderburg, A.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2019

description: During a visual search through the Kepler main-field light curves, we have discovered a cataclysmic variable (CV) that experienced only a single 4-d long outburst over four years, rising to three times the quiescent flux. During the four years of non-outburst data the Kepler photometry of KIC 5608384 exhibits ellipsoidal light variations ('ELVs') with a ∼12 per cent amplitude and period of 8.7 h. Follow-up ground-based spectral observations have yielded a high-quality radial velocity curve and the associated mass function. Additionally, H α emission lines were present in the spectra even though these were taken while the source was presumably in quiescence. These emission lines are at least partially eclipsed by the companion K star. We utilize the available constraints of the mass function, the ELV amplitude, Roche lobe filling condition, and inferred radius of the K star to derive the system masses and orbital inclination angle: Mwd ≃ 0.46 ± 0.02 M☉, MK ≃ 0.41 ± 0.03 M☉, and i ≿ 70◦. The value of Mwd is the lowest reported for any accreting WD in a CV. We have also run binary evolution models using MESA to infer the most likely parameters of the pre-cataclysmic binary. Using the mass-transfer rates from the model evolution tracks we conclude that although the rates are close to the critical value for accretion disc stability, we expect KIC 5608384 to exhibit dwarf nova outbursts. We also conclude that the accreting white dwarf most likely descended from a hot subdwarf and, most notably, that this binary is one of the first bona fide examples of a progenitor of AM CVn binaries to have evolved through the CV channel.
Mutations in the Pneumocystis jirovecii DHPS Gene Confer Cross-Resistance to Sulfa Drugs
Creators: name: Iliades, P.
name: Macreadie, I. G.
name: Meshnick, S. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Pneumocystis jirovecii is a major opportunistic pathogen that causes Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) and results in a high degree of mortality in immunocompromised individuals. The drug of choice for PCP is typically sulfamethoxazole (SMX) or dapsone in conjunction with trimethoprim. Drug treatment failure and sulfa drug resistance have been implicated epidemiologically with point mutations in dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) of P. jirovecii. P. jirovecii cannot be cultured in vitro; however, heterologous complementation of the P. jirovecii trifunctional folic acid synthesis (PjFAS) genes with an E. coli DHPS-disrupted strain was recently achieved. This enabled the evaluation of SMX resistance conferred by DHPS mutations. In this study, we sought to determine whether DHPS mutations conferred sulfa drug cross-resistance to 15 commonly available sulfa drugs. It was established that the presence of amino acid substitutions (T517A or P519S) in the DHPS domain of PjFAS led to cross-resistance against most sulfa drugs evaluated. The presence of both mutations led to increased sulfa drug resistance, suggesting cooperativity and the incremental evolution of sulfa drug resistance. Two sulfa drugs (sulfachloropyridazine [SCP] and sulfamethoxypyridazine [SMP]) that had a higher inhibitory potential than SMX were identified. In addition, SCP, SMP, and sulfadiazine (SDZ) were found to be capable of inhibiting the clinically observed drug-resistant mutants. We propose that SCP, SMP, and SDZ should be considered for clinical evaluation against PCP or for future development of novel sulfa drug compounds.
Phase diagram of the $Z_3$ Parafermionic Chain with Chiral Interactions
Creators: name: Zhuang, Ye
name: Changlani, Hitesh J.
name: Tubman, Norm M.
name: Hughes, Taylor L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Parafermions are exotic quasiparticles with non-Abelian fractional statistics that can be realized and stabilized in 1-dimensional models that are generalizations of the Kitaev p-wave wire. We study the simplest generalization, i.e. the $Z_3$ parafermionic chain. Using a Jordan-Wigner transform we focus on the equivalent three-state chiral clock model, and study its rich phase diagram using the density matrix renormalization group technique. We perform our analyses using quantum entanglement diagnostics which allow us to determine phase boundaries, and the nature of the phase transitions. In particular, we study the transition between the topological and trivial phases, as well as to an intervening incommensurate phase which appears in a wide region of the phase diagram. The phase diagram is predicted to contain a Lifshitz type transition which we confirm using entanglement measures. We also attempt to locate and characterize a putative tricritical point in the phase diagram where the three above mentioned phases meet at a single point.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures; 4 pages of supplemental material
Accumulation and Intracellular Distribution of Antitrypanosomal Diamidine Compounds DB75 and DB820 in African Trypanosomes
Creators: name: Holman, J. L.
name: Boykin, D. W.
name: Ismail, M. A.
name: Tidwell, R. R.
name: Mathis, A. M.
name: Sturk, L. M.
name: Hall, J. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: The aromatic diamidine pentamidine has long been used to treat early-stage human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). Two analogs of pentamidine, DB75 and DB820, have been shown to be more potent and less toxic than pentamidine in murine models of trypanosomiasis. The diphenyl furan diamidine, DB75, is the active metabolite of the prodrug DB289, which is currently in phase III clinical trials as a new orally active candidate drug to treat first-stage HAT. The new aza analog, DB820, is the active diamidine of the prodrug DB844, currently undergoing preclinical evaluation as a new candidate to treat HAT of the central nervous system. The exact mechanisms of antitrypanosomal activity of aromatic dications remain poorly understood, with multiple mechanisms hypothesized. Pentamidine is known to be actively transported into trypanosomes and binds to DNA within the nucleus and kinetoplast. A long-hypothesized mechanism of action has been that DNA binding ultimately leads to interference with DNA-associated enzymes. Both DB75 and DB820 are intensely fluorescent, which provides an important tool for determining the kinetics of accumulation and intracellular distribution in trypanosomes. We show in the current study that DB75 and DB820 rapidly accumulate and strongly concentrate within trypanosomes, with intracellular concentrations over 15,000-fold higher than mouse plasma concentrations. Both compounds initially accumulate in the DNA-containing nucleus and kinetoplast, but at later time points, they concentrate in non-DNA-containing cytoplasmic organelles. Analyses of the kinetics of uptake and intracellular distribution are necessary to begin to define antitrypanosomal mechanisms of action of DB75, DB820, and other aromatic diamidines.
Supplementary Data from Applicability of drug response metrics for cancer studies using biomaterials
Creators: name: Brooks, Elizabeth A.
name: Sualyneth Galarza
name: Gencoglu, Maria F.
name: R. Chase Cornelison
name: Munson, Jennifer M.
name: Peyton, Shelly R.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biological Engineering
subject: 90301 Biomaterials
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: Bioengineers have built models of the tumour microenvironment (TME) in which to study cell–cell interactions, mechanisms of cancer growth and metastasis, and to test new therapies. These models allow researchers to culture cells in conditions that include features of the in vivo TME implicated in regulating cancer progression, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness, integrin binding to the ECM, immune and stromal cells, growth factor and cytokine depots, and a three-dimensional geometry more representative of the in vivo TME than TCPS. These biomaterials could be particularly useful for drug screening applications to make better predictions of efficacy, offering better translation to preclinical models and clinical trials. However, it can be challenging to compare drug response reports across different biomaterial platforms in the current literature. This is, in part, a result of inconsistent reporting and improper use of drug response metrics, and vast differences in cell growth rates across a large variety of biomaterial designs. This study attempts to clarify the definitions of drug response measurements used in the field, and presents examples in which these measurements can and cannot be applied. We suggest as best practice to measure the growth rate of cells in the absence of drug, and follow our ‘decision tree’ when reporting drug response metrics.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Forces in cancer: interdisciplinary approaches in tumour mechanobiology’.
A cocategorical obstruction to tensor products of Gray-categories
Creators: name: Bourke, John
name: Gurski, Nick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18D05, 18D15, 18D35

description: It was argued by Crans that it is too much to ask that the category of Gray-categories admit a well behaved monoidal biclosed structure. We make this precise by establishing undesirable properties that any such monoidal biclosed structure must have. In particular we show that there does not exist any tensor product making the model category of Gray-categories into a monoidal model category.
description: Final version; 23 pages; added new sections 4.4 on weak transformations and 4.8 on related work of James Dolan
Sample importance to learn a given task
Creators: name: Quercia, Alessio
name: Scharr, Hanno
name: Assent, Ira
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2022

description: HDS-LEE Poster Presentation, Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Germany, 29 Apr 2022 - 29 Apr 2022
Gesellschaftliche Prozesse und seelische Gesundheit
Creators: name: Földvári, Mónika
name: Asztalos, Bernadett
name: Csáky-Pallavicini, Roger
name: Csáky-Pallavicini, Zsófia
name: Tomcsányi, Teodóra
Publisher: name: Diakonia
Year: 1970

description: Diakonia, Bd. 35 Nr. 3 (2004): Diakonia, Band 35, Heft 3
A reduced orbital period for the supermassive black hole binary candidate in the quasar PG 1302-102?
Creators: name: D'Orazio, Daniel J.
name: Haiman, Zoltán
name: Duffell, Paul
name: Farris, Brian D.
name: MacFadyen, Andrew I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graham et al. (2015) have detected a 5.2 year periodic optical variability of the quasar PG 1302-102 at redshift $z=0.3$, which they interpret as the redshifted orbital period $(1+z)t_{\rm bin}$ of a putative supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB). Here we consider the implications of a $3-8$ times shorter orbital period, suggested by hydrodynamical simulations of circumbinary discs (CBDs) with nearly equal--mass SMBHBs ($q\equiv M_2/M_1\gtrsim 0.3$). With the corresponding $2-4$ times tighter binary separation, PG 1302 would be undergoing gravitational wave dominated inspiral, and serve as a proof that the BHs can be fueled and produce bright emission even in this late stage of the merger. The expected fraction of binaries with the shorter $t_{\rm bin}$, among bright quasars, would be reduced by 1-2 orders of magnitude, compared to the 5.2 year period, in better agreement with the rarity of candidates reported by Graham et al. (2015). Finally, shorter periods would imply higher binary speeds, possibly imprinting periodicity on the light curves from relativistic beaming, as well as measurable relativistic effects on the Fe K$α$ line. The CBD model predicts additional periodic variability on timescales of $t_{\rm bin}$ and $\approx 0.5 t_{\rm bin}$, as well as periodic variation of broad line widths and offsets relative to the narrow lines, which are consistent with the observations. Future observations will be able to test these predictions and hence the binary+CBD hypothesis for PG 1302.
description: Published in MNRAS
Acreage Formerly Cropped in the Great Plains
Creators: name: Frey, H. Thomas
name: Frey, H. Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Cropland
subject: harvested cropland
subject: former cropland
subject: potential cropland
subject: Great Plains

description: Acreages of cropland harvested as reported by the periodic Censuses of Agriculture peaked in 60 percent of the counties in the Great Plains by 1929 and in 90 percent by 1954. When measured in terms of the difference between the sum of county peak acreages harvested since 1880 and the acreage harvested in 1978, a minimum of 42 million acres that were formerly used for crops were not so used in 1978. Examination of this acreage confirms the notion that only a small proportion is both suitable and readily available for expanding planted acreage.
Planetesimals around stars with TESS (PAST) - I. Transient dimming of a binary solar analogue at the end of the planet accretion era
Creators: name: Vanderburg, A.
name: Rappaport, S.
name: LaCourse, D.
name: Winn, J.N.
name: Ansdell, M.
name: Pearce, L.
name: Berger, T.
name: Jenkins, J.M.
name: Vanderspek, R.K.
name: Weiss, L.
name: Ricker, G.R.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Jacobs, T.
name: Howard, A.W.
name: Behmard, A.
name: Gaidos, E.
name: Latham, D.W.
name: Fulton, B.
name: Seager, S.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2019

description: We report detection of quasi-periodic (1.5-d) dimming of HD 240779, the solar-mass primary in a 5 arcsec visual binary (also TIC 284730577), by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. This dimming, as has been shown for other 'dipper' stars, is likely due to occultation by circumstellar dust. The barycentric space motion, lithium abundance, rotation, and chromospheric emission of the stars in this system point to an age of ≈125 Myr, and possible membership in the AB Doradus moving group. As such it occupies an important but poorly explored intermediate regime of stars with transient dimming between young stellar objects in star-forming regions and main-sequence stars, and between UX Orionis-type Ae/Be stars and M-type 'dippers'. HD 240779, but not its companion BD+10 714B, has Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)-detected excess infrared emission at 12 and 22 μm indicative of circumstellar dust. We propose that infrared emission is produced by collisions of planetesimals during clearing of a residual disc at the end of rocky planet formation, and that quasi-periodic dimming is produced by the rapid disintegration of a ≳100 km planetesimal near the silicate evaporation radius. Further studies of this and similar systems will illuminate a poorly understood final phase of rocky planet formation like that which produced the inner Solar system.
Mapping the core mass function to the initial mass function
Creators: name: Guszejnov, David
name: Hopkins, Philip F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been shown that fragmentation within self-gravitating, turbulent molecular clouds ("turbulent fragmentation") can naturally explain the observed properties of protostellar cores, including the core mass function (CMF). Here, we extend recently-developed analytic models for turbulent fragmentation to follow the time-dependent hierarchical fragmentation of self-gravitating cores, until they reach effectively infinite density (and form stars). We show that turbulent fragmentation robustly predicts two key features of the IMF. First, a high-mass power-law scaling very close to the Salpeter slope, which is a generic consequence of the scale-free nature of turbulence and self-gravity. We predict the IMF slope (-2.3) is slightly steeper then the CMF slope (-2.1), owing to the slower collapse and easier fragmentation of large cores. Second, a turnover mass, which is set by a combination of the CMF turnover mass (a couple solar masses, determined by the `sonic scale' of galactic turbulence, and so weakly dependent on galaxy properties), and the equation of state (EOS). A "soft" EOS with polytropic index $γ<1.0$ predicts that the IMF slope becomes "shallow" below the sonic scale, but fails to produce the full turnover observed. An EOS which becomes "stiff" at sufficiently low surface densities $Σ_{\rm gas} \sim 5000\,M_{\odot}\,{\rm pc^{-2}}$, and/or models where each collapsing core is able to heat and effectively stiffen the EOS of a modest mass ($\sim 0.02\,M_{\odot}$) of surrounding gas, are able to reproduce the observed turnover. Such features are likely a consequence of more detailed chemistry and radiative feedback.
description: 13 pages, 15 figures, accepted by MNRAS on 17 April 2015
SoK: Public Blockchain Sharding
Creators: name: Barat, Md Mohaimin Al
name: Li, Shaoyu
name: Du, Changlai
name: Hou, Y. Thomas
name: Lou, Wenjing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Blockchain's decentralization, transparency, and tamper-resistance properties have facilitated the system's use in various application fields. However, the low throughput and high confirmation latency hinder the widespread adoption of Blockchain. Many solutions have been proposed to address these issues, including first-layer solutions (or on-chain solutions) and second-layer solutions (or off-chain solutions). Among the proposed solutions, the blockchain sharding system is the most scalable one, where the nodes in the network are divided into several groups. The nodes in different shards work in parallel to validate the transactions and add them to the blocks, and in such a way, the throughput increases significantly. However, previous works have not adequately summarized the latest achievements in blockchain sharding, nor have they fully showcased its state-of-the-art. Our study provides a systemization of knowledge of public blockchain sharding, including the core components of sharding systems, challenges, limitations, and mechanisms of the latest sharding protocols. We also compare their performance and discuss current constraints and future research directions.
description: 18 pages
Manuscript AJP supplementary material.docx
Creators: name: Dekkers, Bart
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 111699 Medical Physiology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Basic medicine

description: This concerns supplemental data and belongs to our manuscript 'Laminin α4 contributes to airway remodelling and inflammation in asthma'. Please refer to the manuscript for the description of the study.
ColdSIM predictions of [C II] emission in primordial galaxies
Creators: name: Casavecchia, Benedetta
name: Maio, Umberto
name: Péroux, Céline
name: Ciardi, Benedetta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A powerful tool to probe the gas content at high redshift is the [C II] 158 $μ$m sub-millimeter emission line, which, due to its low excitation potential and luminous emission, is considered a possible direct tracer of star forming gas. In this work we investigate the origin, evolution and environmental dependencies of [C II] 158 $μ$m emission line, as well as its expected correlation with stellar mass and star formation activity of the high-redshift galaxies observed by JWST. We use a set of state-of-the-art cold-gas hydrodynamic simulations (ColdSIM) with fully coupled time-dependent atomic and molecular non-equilibrium chemistry and self-consistent [C II] emission from metal enriched gas. We accurately track the evolution of H I, H II and $H_2$ in a cosmological context and predict both global and galaxy-based [C II] properties. For the first time, we predict the cosmic mass density evolution of [C II] and find that it is in good agreement with new measurements at redshift z = 6 from high-resolution optical quasar spectroscopy. We find a correlation between [C II] luminosity, $L_{[C II]}$, and stellar mass, consistent with results from ALMA high-redshift large programs. We predict a redshift evolution in the relation between $L_{[C II]}$ and the star formation rate, SFR, and provide a fit to relate $L_{[C II]}$ to SFR which can be adopted as a more accurate alternative to the currently used linear relation. Our findings provide physical grounds to interpret high-redshift detections in contemporary and future observations, such as the ones performed by ALMA and JWST, and to advance our knowledge on structure formation at early times.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
How rare is the Bullet Cluster (in a $Λ$CDM universe)?
Creators: name: Kraljic, David
name: Sarkar, Subir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Bullet Cluster (1E0657-56) is well-known as providing visual evidence of dark matter but it is potentially incompatible with the standard $Λ$CDM cosmology due to the high relative velocity of the two colliding clusters. Previous studies have focussed on the probability of such a high relative velocity amongst selected candidate systems. This notion of `probability' is however difficult to interpret and can lead to paradoxical results. Instead, we consider the expected number of Bullet-like systems on the sky up to a specified redshift, which allows for direct comparison with observations. Using a Hubble volume N-body simulation with high resolution we investigate how the number of such systems depends on the masses of the halo pairs, their separation, and collisional angle. This enables us to extract an approximate formula for the expected number of halo-halo collisions given specific collisional parameters. We use extreme value statistics to analyse the tail of the pairwise velocity distribution and demonstrate that it is fatter than the previously assumed Gaussian form. We estimate that the number of dark matter halo pairs as or more extreme than 1E0657-56 in mass, separation and relative velocity is $1.3^{+2.0}_{-0.6}$ up to redshift $z=0.3$. However requiring the halos to have collided and passed through each other as is observed decreases this number to only 0.1. The discovery of more such systems would thus indeed present a challenge to the standard cosmology.
description: v2, 14 pages, 10 figures. Revised in response to Referee's queries - in particular the expected number of Bullet-like systems drops by an order of magnitude when the halos are required to have collided and passed through each other. Accepted by JCAP
Dose Separation Does Not Overcome the Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Fosamprenavir and Lopinavir/Ritonavir
Creators: name: Kashuba, A. D. M.
name: Eron, J. J.
name: Kalvass, L. A.
name: Ngo, L. T.
name: Corbett, A. H.
name: Lim, M. L.
name: Tien, H.-C.
name: Patterson, K. B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Previous investigations have shown a significant negative two-way drug interaction between fosamprenavir (FPV) and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/RTV) in both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and seronegative volunteers. This randomized, nonblinded, three-way crossover study of HIV-seronegative adult volunteers investigated dose separation and increased doses of RTV as a means to overcome the interaction between FPV and LPV/RTV. Eleven HIV-seronegative volunteers were given FPV plus LPV/RTV at 700 mg plus 400/100 mg every 12 hours (q12h) simultaneously for 10 days and then randomized to receive each of three 7-day treatments in one of six possible sequences, as follows: FPV plus LPV/RTV at 700 mg plus 400 mg/100 mg q12h simultaneously, FPV/RTV at 700 mg/100 mg q12h plus LPV/RTV at 400 mg/100 mg q12h, with doses separated by 4 h, and FPV/RTV at 1,400 mg/200 mg in the morning plus LPV/RTV at 800 mg/200 mg in the evening. Pharmacokinetic sampling was performed on day 8 of each treatment, and samples were analyzed for FPV, amprenavir (APV), LPV, and RTV concentrations by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Geometric mean ratios (GMR [with 95% confidence intervals]) for the 4- and 12-h dose separation strategies compared to simultaneous administration were calculated for the areas under the concentration-time curves from 0 to 24 h. Compared to simultaneous administration, RTV exposures increased with both 4-h and 12-h dose separation strategies (GMR, 5.30 [3.66 to 7.67] and 4.45 [3.09 to 6.41], respectively). LPV exposures also significantly increased with both 4-h and 12-h dose separation strategies (GMR, 1.76 [1.34 to 2.32] and 1.43 [1.02 to 2.01], respectively). However, both the 4- and 12-h strategies resulted in greater reductions in APV exposure (0.67 [0.54 to 0.83] and 0.77 [0.59 to 0.99], respectively) compared to simultaneous administration. Additional investigations are warranted to determine the optimal dosing of FPV with LPV/RTV.