cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Necessary and sufficient conditions for realizability of point processes
Creators: name: Kuna, Tobias
name: Lebowitz, Joel L.
name: Speer, Eugene R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a pair of (generalized) functions $ρ_1(\mathbf{r}_1)$ and $ρ_2(\mathbf{r}_1,\mathbf{r}_2)$, $\mathbf{r}_i\in X$, to be the density and pair correlations of some point process in a topological space $X$, for example, $\mathbb {R}^d$, $\mathbb {Z}^d$ or a subset of these. This is an infinite-dimensional version of the classical "truncated moment" problem. Standard techniques apply in the case in which there can be only a bounded number of points in any compact subset of $X$. Without this restriction we obtain, for compact $X$, strengthened conditions which are necessary and sufficient for the existence of a process satisfying a further requirement---the existence of a finite third order moment. We generalize the latter conditions in two distinct ways when $X$ is not compact.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AAP703 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Additional file 4 of Extracellular vesicles for ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from animal models
Creators: name: Li, Xia-Qing
name: Liu, Jin-Feng
name: Liu, Han
name: Meng, Yu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 4. Sensitivity analysis.
An Assessment of the Systematic Uncertainty in Present and Future Tests of the Lense-Thirring Effect with Satellite Laser Ranging
Creators: name: Iorio, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We deal with the attempts to measure the Lense-Thirring effect with the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) technique applied to the existing LAGEOS and LAGEOS II terrestrial satellites and to the recently approved LARES spacecraft.The first issue addressed here is: are the so far published evaluations of the systematic uncertainty induced by the bad knowledge of the even zonal harmonic coefficients J_L of the multipolar expansion of the Earth's geopotential reliable and realistic? Our answer is negative. Indeed, if the differences Delta J_L among the even zonals estimated in different Earth's gravity field global solutions from the dedicated GRACE mission are assumed for the uncertainties delta J_L instead of using their covariance sigmas sigma_JL, it turns out that the systematic uncertainty δμin the Lense-Thirring test with the nodes Omega of LAGEOS and LAGEOS II may be up to 3 to 4 times larger than in the evaluations so far published ($5-10%$) based on the use of the sigmas of one model at a time separately. The second issue consists of the possibility of using a different approach in extracting the relativistic signature of interest from the LAGEOS-type data. The third issue is the possibility of reaching a realistic total accuracy of 1% with LAGEOS, LAGEOS II and LARES, which should be launched in November 2009 with a VEGA rocket. While LAGEOS and LAGEOS II fly at altitudes of about 6000 km, LARES will be likely placed at an altitude of 1450 km. Thus, it will be sensitive to much more even zonals than LAGEOS and LAGEOS II. Their corrupting impact has been evaluated with the standard Kaula's approach up to degree L=60 by using Delta J_L and sigma_JL; it turns out that it may be as large as some tens percent.
description: LaTex, 19 pages, 1 figure, 12 tables. Invited and refereed contribution to The ISSI Workshop, 6-10 October 2008, on The Nature of Gravity Confronting Theory and Experiment in Space To appear in Space Science Reviews
Physical interpretation of the fringe shift measured on Michelson interferometer in optical media
Creators: name: Demjanov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I have found experimentally that in vacuum (refractive index $n$ = 1.) the shift of interference fringe in Michelson interferometer is absent because of the absence of particles on the light path. The shift of interference fringe appears only at a certain concentration of particles in the luminiferous medium. The increase of the remnant air pressure in the optical tubes of the interferometer (of the length 6 m in each arm) from 1 mm Hg to 1500 mm Hg reveals first indications of the interference fringe shift (about 0.015 of its width) only at the air pressure 300 mm Hg ($n$ = 1.00014...). The increase of the air pressure in optical tubes up to 760 mm Hg ($n$ = 1.0003...) adds twice the amplitude of the harmonic shift of the interference fringe giving ~0.03, and at the pressure 1500 mm Hg the harmonic fringe shift ~0.06 became conspicuous. The S-shaped with the change of sign dependence of the fringe shift on the index of refraction $n$ was found. Thus the estimation of the horizontal projection of the velocity of the Earth relative to aether is obtained. At the latitude of Obninsk this velocity varies depending on the time of day and night within 140 - 480 km/s. The forth version of the report is complemented with the account of the harmful effect on registering the shift $ΔX_m$ of the interference fringe of the improperly installed in turning-points of the zigzag light path glass mirrors. The nullifying of the shift in air interferometers may occur because of opposite signs of contributions of the air and glass optical media through the discovered by me law $ΔX_m \sim lΔε(1-Δε)$. This may be the cause of obtaining negative results in majority of Michelson-type experiments known to date.
description: 9 pages, 2 figure, 2 tables; this version presents experimental data in more details. Retracted by the editors of Physics Letters A, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375960109016375
Stability by Fixed Point Theory in Consensus Dynamics]{Stability by Fixed Point Theory in Time Delayed Distributed Consensus Networks
Creators: name: Somarakis, Christoforos
name: Baras, John
name: Paraskevas, Evripidis
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: Fixed Points
Stability
Rate of Convergence
Delays
Consensus Dynamics
Flocking Networks

description: We study the stability of linear time invariant distributed consensus dynamics in the presence of multiple propagation and processing delays. We employ fixed point theory (FPT) methods and derive sufficient conditions for asymptotic convergence to a common value while the emphasis is given in estimating the rate of convergence. We argue that this approach is novel in the field of networked dynamics as it is also flexible and thus capable of analyzing a wide variety of consensus based algorithms for which conventional Lyapunov methods are either too restrictive or unsuccessful.
Vortices which do not Abelianize dynamically: Semi-classical origin of non-Abelian monopoles
Creators: name: Konishi, Kenichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After briefly reviewing the problems associated with non-Abelian monopoles, we turn our attention to the development in our understanding of non-Abelian {\it vortices} in the last several years. In the U(N) model with $N_{f}=N$ flavors in which they were first found, the fluctuations of the orientational modes along the vortex length and in time become strongly coupled at long distances. They effectively reduce to Abelian ANO vortices. We discuss then a very recent work on non-Abelian vortices with $CP^{n-1}\times CP^{r-1}$ orientational moduli, which, unlike the ones so far extensively studied, do not dynamically Abelianize completely. The surviving vortex orientational moduli, fluctuating along the vortex length and in time, gets absorbed by the monopoles at the ends, turning into the dual gauge degrees of freedom for the latter.
description: 14 pages. Contribution to "Continuous Advances in QCD 2008", Minneapolis, May 2008
Build Code Needs Maintenance Too: A Study on Refactoring and Technical Debt in Build Systems
Creators: name: Ghammam, Anwar
name: Rzig, Dhia Elhaq
name: Almukhtar, Mohamed
name: Khalsi, Rania
name: Hassan, Foyzul
name: Kessentini, Marouane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In modern software engineering, build systems play the crucial role of facilitating the conversion of source code into software artifacts. Recent research has explored high-level causes of build failures, but has largely overlooked the structural properties of build files. Akin to source code, build systems face technical debt challenges that hinder maintenance and optimization. While refactoring is often seen as a key tool for addressing technical debt in source code, there is a significant research gap regarding the specific refactoring changes developers apply to build code and whether these refactorings effectively address technical debt. In this paper, we address this gap by examining refactorings applied to build scripts in open-source projects, covering the widely used build systems of Gradle, Ant, and Maven. Additionally, we investigate whether these refactorings are used to tackle technical debts in build systems. Our analysis was conducted on \totalCommits examined build-file-related commits. We identified \totalRefactoringCategories build-related refactorings, which we divided into \totalCategories main categories. These refactorings are organized into the first empirically derived taxonomy of build system refactorings. Furthermore, we investigate how developers employ these refactoring types to address technical debts via a manual commit-analysis and a developer survey. In this context, we identified \totalTechnicalDebts technical debts addressed by these refactorings and discussed their correlation with the different refactorings. Finally, we introduce BuildRefMiner, an LLM-powered tool leveraging GPT-4o to automate the detection of refactorings within build systems. We evaluated its performance and found that it achieves an F1 score of \toolFoneScore across all build systems.
Additional file 1 of Exploratory study on classification of diabetes mellitus through a combined Random Forest Classifier
Creators: name: Wang, Xuchun
name: Zhai, Mengmeng
name: Ren, Zeping
name: Ren, Hao
name: Li, Meichen
name: Quan, Dichen
name: Chen, Limin
name: Qiu, Lixia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Sampling process of survey subjects for chronic disease surveillance in China; Table S2. Survey subject general information; Table S3. Classification model evaluation index; Table S4. Confusion Matrix
Open cluster age calibration from colour-magnitude morphological indices using Gaia DR3 data
Creators: name: Ferreira, F. A.
name: Santos, J. F. C.
name: Corradi, W. J. B.
name: Angelo, M. S.
name: Maia, F. F. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Star clusters are crucial for understanding how stars evolve. Their colour-magnitude diagrams show the effects of stellar evolution of approximately coeval objects with the same chemical composition. Furthermore, the determination of their astrophysical parameters (age, distance, colour excess and metallicity) together with their spatial distribution provides information about the structure and the evolution of the Galaxy itself. Using data from the \textit{Gaia} DR3 and 2MASS catalogues, we develop methodologies for characterizing open clusters. Precise membership lists, mean astrometric parameters and radii are obtained. Using photometric data from both data sources, we carried out new age calibrations that rely on morphological indices based on colour ($ΔBR$) and magnitude ($ΔG$) differences between the red clump and the turnoff for a sample of 34 open clusters with ages covering the interval $8.3 < \log[t({\rm yr})] < 9.9$. A set of age calibration functions based on \textit{Gaia} morphological age indices are determined for the first time. We demonstrate their accuracy, obtaining a mean residual of 0.06 dex in $\log[t(yr)]$. Our results also show that stellar evolution models tend to predict the difference $ΔG$. However, they typically overestimate the difference $ΔBR$ for objects younger than $\log[t({\rm yr})] = 8.8$.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Search for rare alpha and double beta decays of Yb isotopes to excited levels of daughter nuclei
Creators: name: Laubenstein, M.
name: Lehnert, B.
name: Nagorny, S. S.
name: Schönert, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for alpha and double beta decays of ytterbium isotopes was performed with an ultra-low background high purity germanium detector at Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory (Italy). A 194.7 g Yb$_2$(C$_2$O$_4$)$_3$ powder sample was measured for 11.3~d with a total Yb exposure of 1.25 kg$\times$d. Half-life limits for $α$-decay modes of $^{168}$Yb, $^{170}$Yb, $^{171}$Yb, $^{172}$Yb, $^{173}$Yb, $^{174}$Yb and $^{176}$Yb into the first excited states have been obtained between $6\times10^{14}$ yr and $2\times10^{16}$ yr. These are the first experimental constraints of these decay modes. Double electron capture of $^{168}$Yb and double beta decay of $^{176}$Yb into the first excited 2$^+$ and 0$^+$ states could be excluded with limits between $1\times10^{14}$ yr to $8\times10^{16}$ yr. This improves the experimental information on some of the decay modes compared to previous constraints.
Primary role of the barely occupied states in the charge density wave formation of NbSe2
Creators: name: Shen, D. W.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Yang, L. X.
name: Wei, J.
name: Ou, H. W.
name: Dong, J. K.
name: He, C.
name: Xie, B. P.
name: Zhao, J. F.
name: Zhou, B.
name: Arita, M.
name: Shimada, K.
name: Namatame, H.
name: Taniguchi, M.
name: Shi, J.
name: Feng, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NbSe2 is a prototypical charge-density-wave (CDW) material, whose mechanism remains mysterious so far. With angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we mapped out the CDW gap and recovered the long-lost nesting condition over a large broken-honeycomb region in the Brillouin zone, which consists of six saddle band point regions with high density of states (DOS), and large regions away from Fermi surface with negligible DOS at the Fermi energy. We show that the major contributions to the CDW come from these barely occupied states rather than the saddle band points. Our findings not only resolve a long standing puzzle, but also overthrow the conventional wisdom that CDW is dominated by regions with high DOS.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Study of turbulent pipe flows laden with low-inertia particles using proper orthogonal decomposition and resolvent analysis
Creators: name: Schlander, Rasmus Korslund
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: The central objective of this thesis is to investigate the interaction of turbulent flow structures with low-inertia particles in a pipe flow. We have performed direct numerical simulations (DNS) of a turbulent pipe flow at Reynolds numbers Re = 5300 and 10300 based on bulk velocity and pipe diameter. We have also solved concentration transport equations for passive scalars and low- inertia particles with Stokes numbers up to St+ = 1 in a vertical pipe with no-gravity, upward or downward flow, with Froude numbers Fr_z = ±0.4, ±4. The particle velocities were obtained from the equilibrium Eulerian model of Ferry and Balachandar [2001]. Extended proper orthogonal decomposition (EPOD) was employed to find the flow structures most correlated with the particle concentration. A novel Fukagata-Iwamoto-Kasagi (FIK) identity was derived that has allowed us to quantify for the first time the role of individual turbulent structures on the time-averaged depo- sition. This approach made it possible to identify which structures contributed most to deposition, relative to their turbulent kinetic energy, and how this changes depending on Reynolds, Stokes and Froude numbers. The pre-multiplied concentration spectra were analysed as well and it was found that inertia shifts the peak to smaller wavelengths and away from the wall. To further probe the effect of inertia, a new resolvent operator for low-inertia particles was derived. This allows us to analyse the effect of the different fluid and particle parameters directly from the governing equations. Using this resolvent formulation it was possible to reproduce the shape of the particle concentration spectra and capture all the relevant physical phenomena of inertial particles such as turbophoresis, near-wall accumulation and inertial clustering. Inspection of the blocks that constitute the resolvent operator also revealed the existence of a separate critical layer for the particle concentration. The distance between the critical layers of velocity and particle concentration was related to the combined effect of gravity and inertia. The new critical layer can be used to explain why particles move towards the centre in a downward flow, and near the wall in an upward flow. Finally, the resolvent analysis tool was extended to account for the two-way coupling between the turbulent flow and the particles. This made it possible to analyse how the turbulent kinetic energy changes depending on the Stokes number, Froude number and mass fraction of the particle phase. This resolvent formulation could also predict the observations made in previous experiments and simulations, namely that the streamwise velocity and concentration fluctuations reduce in amplitude near the wall, that the radial fluctuations reduce in the entire domain, and that the smallest wavelengths of the turbulent kinetic spectra are amplified in a two-way coupled flow.
Exclusive Measurements of pp -> dpi+pi0: Double-Pionic Fusion without ABC Effect
Creators: name: Kren, F.
name: Bashkanov, M.
name: Bogoslawsky, D.
name: Calen, H.
name: Clement, H.
name: Demiroers, L.
name: Ekstrom, C.
name: Fransson, k.
name: Greiff, J.
name: Gustafsson, L.
name: Hoistad, B.
name: Ivanov, G.
name: Jacewicz, M.
name: Jiganov, E.
name: Kohansson, T.
name: Khakimova, O.
name: Keleta, S.
name: Koch, I.
name: Kullander, S.
name: Kupsc, A.
name: Marciniewski, P.
name: Meier, R.
name: Morosov, B.
name: Pauly, C.
name: Petren, H.
name: Petukhov, Y.
name: Povtoreijko, A.
name: Ruber, R. J. M. Y.
name: Schonning, K.
name: Scobel, W.
name: Skorodko, T.
name: Shwartz, B.
name: Stepaniak, J.
name: Thorngren-Engblom, P.
name: Tikhomirov, V.
name: Wagner, G. J.
name: Wolke, M.
name: Yamamoto, A.
name: Zabierowski, J.
name: Zlomanczuk, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exclusive measurements of the reaction pp -> dpi+pi0 have been carried out at T_p = 1.1 GeV at the CELSIUS storage ring using the WASA detector. The isovector pi+pi0 channel exhibits no enhancement at low invariant pipi masses, i. e. no ABC effect. The differential distributions are in agreement with the conventional t-channel Delta-Delta excitation process, which also accounts for the observed energy dependence of the total cross section. This is an update of a previously published version -- see important note at the end of the article.
Context Aware Object Geotagging
Creators: name: Liu, Chao-Jung
name: Ulicny, Matej
name: Manzke, Michael
name: Dahyot, Rozenn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Localization of street objects from images has gained a lot of attention in recent years. We propose an approach to improve asset geolocation from street view imagery by enhancing the quality of the metadata associated with the images using Structure from Motion. The predicted object geolocation is further refined by imposing contextual geographic information extracted from OpenStreetMap. Our pipeline is validated experimentally against the state of the art approaches for geotagging traffic lights.
description: 8 pages
Diffusion and sedimentation in colloidal suspensions using multiparticle collision dynamics with a discrete particle model
Creators: name: Wani, Yashraj M.
name: Kovakas, Penelope Grace
name: Nikoubashman, Arash
name: Howard, Michael P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study self-diffusion and sedimentation in colloidal suspensions of nearly-hard spheres using the multiparticle collision dynamics simulation method for the solvent with a discrete mesh model for the colloidal particles (MD+MPCD). We cover colloid volume fractions from 0.01 to 0.40 and compare the MD+MPCD simulations to Brownian dynamics simulations with free-draining hydrodynamics (BD) as well as pairwise far-field hydrodynamics described using the Rotne--Prager--Yamakawa mobility tensor (BD+RPY). The dynamics in MD+MPCD suggest that the colloidal particles are only partially coupled to the solvent at short times. However, the long-time self-diffusion coefficient in MD+MPCD is comparable to that in BD and BD+RPY, and the sedimentation coefficient in MD+MPCD is in good agreement with that in BD+RPY, suggesting that MD+MPCD gives a reasonable description of the hydrodynamic interactions in colloidal suspensions. The discrete-particle MD+MPCD approach is convenient and readily extended to more complex shapes, and we determine the long-time self-diffusion coefficient in suspensions of nearly-hard cubes to demonstrate its generality.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Sedimentology and stratigraphy of late synrift to early postrift, humid-tropical fluvio-lacustrine deposits: Late Oligocene to Early Miocene K Group, Malay Basin
Creators: name: Binti Lokman, Irdawati
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: A sedimentary facies analysis of fluvio-lacustrine strata deposited in the early postrift phase from the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene (ca. 25.2-21 Mya) K Group in the southern and southeastern Malay Basin is presented. The study is based on c. 600 m of core (from 11 wells), well logs, biostratigraphic data and c. 7410 km2 post-stacked depth migrated 3D seismic reflection dataset. The study investigates the stratigraphy, sandstone bodies quality and stratigraphic architectural distribution of the K Group, which consists of large-scale, freshwater-dominated megasequence (up to 650 m thick; typically 100-250 m). The sequence stratigraphic synthesis concludes that the K Group represents a regressive- to transgressive-dominated succession, which accumulated in the largely landlocked Malay Basin during its early postrift phase and under a humid-tropical climate setting. The K Group facies analysis identifies five facies associations (FA): (1) multi-storey braided channels (FA1), (2) single-storey fluvio-distributary channels (FA2), (3) floodplain to lacustrine deposits (FA3), (4) mouth bars (FA4), (5) transgressive and abandonment deposits (FA5). Thick (30-70 m) FA1 deposits form c. 13 km-wide braidplains interpreted as major trunk rivers concentrated in the NE part of the study area. Three key interpreted seismic surfaces (Horizons 1-3) are identified. Three types of seismic facies (SF) are defined using reflector terminations and calibrated to core where available: (1) SF1 (shallow lacustrine facies) interpreted as FA3 and K Shale equivalent, (2) SF2 (fluvio-distributary channels to shallow lacustrine) is FA2-FA5 equivalent, and (3) SF3 (multi-storey braided channels) corresponds to FA1. Seismic attributes mapping calibrated with well data defines various fluvial styles e.g. braidplain, dendritic- and sinuous- channels at- and away from well control. Laterally equivalent and more heterogeneous facies successions comprise alternations of single-storey channels (FA2), often preserved at the top of coarsening upward facies successions (FA4), interpreted as distributary channel and fluvial-dominated lacustrine deltas, respectively.
Relativistic Nuclear Energy Density Functionals: adjusting parameters to binding energies
Creators: name: Niksic, T.
name: Vretenar, D.
name: Ring, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a particular class of relativistic nuclear energy density functionals in which only nucleon degrees of freedom are explicitly used in the construction of effective interaction terms. Short-distance (high-momentum) correlations, as well as intermediate and long-range dynamics, are encoded in the medium (nucleon density) dependence of the strength functionals of an effective interaction Lagrangian. Guided by the density dependence of microscopic nucleon self-energies in nuclear matter, a phenomenological ansatz for the density-dependent coupling functionals is accurately determined in self-consistent mean-field calculations of binding energies of a large set of axially deformed nuclei. The relationship between the nuclear matter volume, surface and symmetry energies, and the corresponding predictions for nuclear masses is analyzed in detail. The resulting best-fit parametrization of the nuclear energy density functional is further tested in calculations of properties of spherical and deformed medium-heavy and heavy nuclei, including binding energies, charge radii, deformation parameters, neutron skin thickness, and excitation energies of giant multipole resonances.
description: 53 pages, 23 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review C
Characteristics of prolactin binding to rat liver plasma membranes
Creators: name: Silverstein, Alan Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Binding sites for prolactin have been identified and characterized in a plasma membrane enriched fraction isolated from livers of mature female rats. By chemical and enzymatic analysis the membrane preparation was shown to have slight contamination with nuclei and endoplasmic reticulum, while mitochondria were not detected. Sidedness analysis indicated that the membrane preparation was largely composed of inside-out vesicles. ¹²⁵I-oPRL prepared by the lactoperoxidase method had a specific activity of 40-60 μCi/μg. Competition studies using iodoprolactin indicated that iodination of the hormone did not affect its affinity for the receptor as compared to the native hormone. Binding of ¹²⁵I-oPRL was inhibited by prolactin from various species including ovine, bovine and rat prolactin while bGH, pACTH and AVP had no effect on binding. The binding of 125 I-oPRL was activated by both bivalent and monovalent cations - bivalent cations exerting a greater effect than monovalent cations. In the presence of 10 mM CaCl₂, binding of ¹²⁵I-oPRL was equal to the binding in the presence of the physiological concentration of NaCI. The association of ¹²⁵I-oPRL with the membrane was a time and temperature dependent process, being maximal at 37°. The dissociation of ¹²⁵I-oPRL was time and temperature dependent only with 150 mM NaCl at 37° while at all other temperatures and in the presence of 10 mM CaCl₂ dissociation was not.observed. The binding of ¹²⁵I-oPRL was strongly influenced by pH with an optimum observed at pH 6.5. Receptor activity was destroyed by pronase and phospholipase C, while neuraminidase increased binding. Treatment of the membranes by RNase and DNase did not effect the binding. Binding of ¹²⁵I-oPRL was inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, dithiothreitol, and by brief exposure to high temperatures. Scatchard analysis of the binding of ¹²⁵I-oPRL to receptors indicates that prolactin has a high affinity for its receptor
Index theory of one dimensional quantum walks and cellular automata
Creators: name: Gross, D.
name: Nesme, V.
name: Vogts, H.
name: Werner, R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If a one-dimensional quantum lattice system is subject to one step of a reversible discrete-time dynamics, it is intuitive that as much "quantum information" as moves into any given block of cells from the left, has to exit that block to the right. For two types of such systems - namely quantum walks and cellular automata - we make this intuition precise by defining an index, a quantity that measures the "net flow of quantum information" through the system. The index supplies a complete characterization of two properties of the discrete dynamics. First, two systems S_1, S_2 can be pieced together, in the sense that there is a system S which locally acts like S_1 in one region and like S_2 in some other region, if and only if S_1 and S_2 have the same index. Second, the index labels connected components of such systems: equality of the index is necessary and sufficient for the existence of a continuous deformation of S_1 into S_2. In the case of quantum walks, the index is integer-valued, whereas for cellular automata, it takes values in the group of positive rationals. In both cases, the map S -> ind S is a group homomorphism if composition of the discrete dynamics is taken as the group law of the quantum systems. Systems with trivial index are precisely those which can be realized by partitioned unitaries, and the prototypes of systems with non-trivial index are shifts.
description: 38 pages. v2: added examples, terminology clarified
Measurement of performance of the NectarCAM photodetectors
Creators: name: Tsiahina, A.
name: Jean, P.
name: Olive, J. -F.
name: Knödlseder, J.
name: Marty, C.
name: Ravel, T.
name: Jarnot, C.
name: Biasuzzi, B.
name: Bolmont, J.
name: Brun, F.
name: Caroff, S.
name: Delagnes, E.
name: Fegan, S.
name: Fontaine, G.
name: Gascon, D.
name: Glicenstein, J. -F.
name: Hoffmann, D.
name: Karkar, S.
name: Lenain, J. -P.
name: Paredes, J.
name: Petrucci, P. -O.
name: Prast, J.
name: Ribó, M.
name: Rivoire, S.
name: Sanuy, A.
name: Sharma, P.
name: Suomijarvi, T.
name: Tejedor, L. A.
name: Toussenel, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NectarCAM is a camera for the medium-sized telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), which covers the energy range of 100 GeV to 30 TeV. The camera is equipped with 265 focal plane modules (FPMs). Each FPM comprises 7 pixels, each consisting of a photo-multiplier tube, a preamplifier, an independently controlled power supply, and a common control system. We developed a dedicated test bench to validate and qualify the industrial FPM production and to measure the performance of each FPM in a dark room before its integration in the camera. We report the measured performance of 61 FPM prototypes obtained with our experimental setup. We demonstrate that the gains of the photo multiplier tubes are stable and that pulse widths, transit time spreads, afterpulse rates and charge resolutions are within the specifications for NectarCAM.
Novel plasmonic nanostructures for photoluminescence enhancement of downconversion nanoparticles
Creators: name: Xu, Jiamin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: The development of highly efficient biocompatible photoluminescence nanomaterials or fluorophores in the biologically transparent Near-infrared windows (NIR 650 nm - 2500 nm) for non-invasive tumor cells diagnosing, detecting, and visualization in both in in vitro and in vivo has recently been a hot research topic, due to the simple and real-time testing features of fluorescence imaging technique. Currently, the only FDA approved NIR fluorophores for clinical use is indocyanine green (ICG), which shows certain limitations, such as poor photostability and low emission efficiency. Besides, drawbacks like concentration-dependent aggregation in aqueous solution, lack of targeting specificity may lead to quick clearance of ICG by the liver, which restricts its long-term in vivo imaging performance. In pursuit of alternative fluorescence bioprobes to replace ICG, this thesis particularly focused on lanthanide-doped downconversion nanoparticles (DCNPs), a type of non-photobleaching nanomaterial emitting in the second biological window (NIR-II, 1000 nm-1700 nm), where the light scattering and autofluorescence from tissues and biological media can be significantly reduced, resulting in negligible interference from the background noise signal. Nevertheless, the development of highly efficient DCNPs is still in its infancy stage due to their quantum efficiency. In this thesis, by employing Metal-enhanced Fluorescence (MEF) technique, plasmonic enhanced downconversion luminescence from DCNPs was for the first time demonstrated, by coupling a specially designed DCNPs with a 3-dimensional gold/silver hole-cap nanoarrays (Au/Ag HCNA). Furthermore, a satellite nanocomposite consisting of gold nanorods coupled with DCNPs was constructed, demonstrating the enhanced performance of plasmonically coupled DCNPs in solution phase. These findings suggest a promising pathway for overcoming the poor NIR-II luminescence efficiency of DCNPs and hold great potential for widespread applications in bioimaging and biosensing.
Optimal multiple stopping time problem
Creators: name: Kobylanski, Magdalena
name: Quenez, Marie-Claire
name: Rouy-Mironescu, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the optimal multiple stopping time problem defined for each stopping time $S$ by $v(S)=\operatorname {ess}\sup_{τ_1,...,τ_d\geq S}E[ψ(τ_1,...,τ_d)|\mathcal{F}_S]$. The key point is the construction of a new reward $ϕ$ such that the value function $v(S)$ also satisfies $v(S)=\operatorname {ess}\sup_{θ\geq S}E[ϕ(θ)|\mathcal{F}_S]$. This new reward $ϕ$ is not a right-continuous adapted process as in the classical case, but a family of random variables. For such a reward, we prove a new existence result for optimal stopping times under weaker assumptions than in the classical case. This result is used to prove the existence of optimal multiple stopping times for $v(S)$ by a constructive method. Moreover, under strong regularity assumptions on $ψ$, we show that the new reward $ϕ$ can be aggregated by a progressive process. This leads to new applications, particularly in finance (applications to American options with multiple exercise times).
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AAP727 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
The role of humidity in rheology and agglomeration of powders
Creators: name: Hausmann, Alessandra Anna-Luisa
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: Storage and transport conditions, including temperature and humidity, can have a wide range of effects on the physical properties of powders such as loss of pharmaceutical potency, particle attrition and powder caking. Powder caking is the undesirable process of a particles forming agglomerates, which can accumulate to form “cakes”. Industrial methods for determining the conditions when powder caking can occur are often time-consuming, require large sample volumes and provide little scientific insight of the agglomeration mechanism. Also, current experimental techniques rarely represent the “real-world conditions” and may provide inaccurate data when compared to the actual storage and transport lifetime of the powder sample. A novel characterization method has been developed for assessing the role of humidity in powder caking based on an in-situ measurements of powder flow rheology. Concurrently the sample is exposed to the selected environment humidity whilst powder flow properties are determined. This new method is much faster than current industry standards and correlates well to other common methods used for caking characterisation. The new technique uses a modified FT4 powder rheometer, and the data obtained correlates with common experimental methods used in solids handling and is easily reproducible due to its modular design. Among other parameters, this method measures flowability energy, as a function of relative humidity. Powder flow energy is a measure for a powder’s resistance to flow and reflects interparticle adhesion processes. This new measurement protocol is designed to assess the relative humidity conditions where the onset of caking occurs. The flexibility of the setup has the potential to be utilized more broadly for determining the moisture-induced changes in powder rheology for example in wet granulation, drying and mixing processes. This new method of powder flow characterization can be used for a wide range of powders differing in crystallinity, morphology, particle size and chemical structure.
Additional file 2 of Association of abnormal placental perfusion with the risk of male hypospadias: a hospital-based retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Zhu, Chen
name: Zhang, Bin
name: Peng, Ting
name: Li, Ming-Qing
name: Ren, Yun-Yun
name: Wu, Jiang-Nan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Odds ratio of male hypospadias in nulliparous and natural conception pregnant women.
Carbon Abundances of Three Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars from High-Resolution Gemini-S/bHROS Spectra of the 8727A [C I] Line
Creators: name: Schuler, S. C.
name: Margheim, S. J.
name: Sivarani, T.
name: Asplund, M.
name: Smith, V. V.
name: Cunha, K.
name: Beers, T. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results from an analysis of the 8727ang forbidden [C I] line in high-resolution Gemini-S/bHROS spectra of three CEMP stars. We find the [C/Fe] ratios based on the [C I] abundances of the two most Fe-rich stars in our sample (HIP 0507-1653: [Fe/H] = -1.42 and HIP 0054-2542: [Fe/H] = -2.66) to be in good agreement with previously determined CH and C_2 line-based values. For the most Fe-deficient star in our sample (HIP 1005-1439: [Fe/H] = -3.08), however, the [C/Fe] ratio is found to be 0.34 dex lower than the published molecular-based value. We have carried out 3D local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) calculations for [C I], and the resulting corrections are found to be modest for all three stars, suggesting that the discrepancy between the [C I] and molecular-based C abundances of HIP 1005-1439 is due to more severe 3D effects on the molecular lines. Carbon abundances are also derived from C I high-excitation lines and are found to be 0.45-0.64 dex higher than the [C I]-based abundances. Previously published non-LTE C I abundance corrections bring the [C I] and C I abundances into better agreement; however, targeted NLTE calculations for CEMP stars are clearly needed. We have also derived the abundances of N, K, and Fe for each star. The Fe abundances agree well with previously derived values, and the K abundances are similar to those of C-normal metal-poor stars. Nitrogen abundances have been derived from resolved lines of the CN red system. The abundances are found to be approximately 0.44 dex larger than literature values, which have been derived from CN blue bands near 3880 and 4215 ang. We discuss evidence that suggests that analyses of the CN blue system bands underestimate the N abundances of metal-poor giants.
description: Accepted for publication in AJ; 42 pages, 6 figures, 7 tables
KPZ in one dimensional random geometry of multiplicative cascades
Creators: name: Benjamini, Itai
name: Schramm, Oded
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60D05

description: We prove a formula relating the Hausdorff dimension of a subset of the unit interval and the Hausdorff dimension of the same set with respect to a random path matric on the interval, which is generated using a multiplicative cascade. When the random variables generating the cascade are exponentials of Gaussians, the well known KPZ formula of Knizhnik, Polyakov and Zamolodchikov from quantum gravity appears. This note was inspired by the recent work of Duplantier and Sheffield proving a somewhat different version of the KPZ formula for Liouville gravity. In contrast with the Liouville gravity setting, the one dimensional multiplicative cascade framework facilitates the determination of the Hausdorff dimension, rather than some expected box count dimension.
description: 14 pages
New interpretations for noncrossing partitions of classical types
Creators: name: Kim, Jang Soo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A15, 05E15

description: We interpret noncrossing partitions of type $B$ and type $D$ in terms of noncrossing partitions of type $A$. As an application, we get type-preserving bijections between noncrossing and nonnesting partitions of type $B$, type $C$ and type $D$ which are different from those in the recent work of Fink and Giraldo. We also define Catalan tableaux of type $B$ and type $D$, and find bijections between them and noncrossing partitions of type $B$ and type $D$ respectively.
description: 21 pages, 15 figures, final version
On the Perturbative Approach in the Randall-Sundrum Model
Creators: name: Goertz, Florian
name: Pfoh, Torsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y gauge theory in the Randall-Sundrum background, including electroweak symmetry breaking due to a brane-localized Higgs sector. We work in the decomposed four dimensional theory and treat the symmetry breaking effects as a perturbation. Although there is an exact approach, this method is widely used and quite intuitive. We extend existing studies by giving explicit analytical expressions in a covariant R_xi gauge, needed for loop calculations in the decomposed theory. The perturbative approach is also applied to fermions and a comparison of the gauge boson and fermion spectra with the exact results is presented, validating the perturbative method used in the literature.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures; reference added; version to appear in JHEP
"That Star Is Not on the Map": The German Side of the discovery
Creators: name: Krajnović, Davor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neptune was telescopically discovered by Johan Gottfried Galle and Heinrich Louis d'Arrest in Berlin on 23 September 1846 based on the prediction by Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier. The role German astronomers played in the discovery has often been overshadowed by the controversies that erupted in England and France after the discovery. However, their role was crucial, not only in bringing about the discovery in the first place, but also in resolving some of the post-discovery controversies that erupted around priority for the prediction and naming of the planet. German astronomers in Central and Eastern Europe possessed some of the best telescopes of the day and had established themselves over several decades as being at the forefront of observational astronomy. They had produced the star charts that in the end proved indispensable for allowing identification of the planet, while a German publication, Astronomische Nachrichten, published by H. C. Schumacher in Altona, in the vicinity of Hamburg, then part of the Kingdom of Denmark, served as the journal of record. The general neglect of the German part of the story is most strongly attested by the inaccuracies concerning what actually happened on discovery night, which were long propagated in the English-speaking literature. Notably, for 30 years after the discovery, it was not appreciated that there were two observers, while the role of the sky map used was often exaggerated. This chapter sets forth a more complete picture, and in particular emphasises more than previous accounts the critical role of d'Arrest, arguing that he should be celebrated as a co-discoverer. In addition, evidence presented here, much of it not previously available in the English-speaking literature, shows that the name "Neptune" was eventually accepted throughout the scientific community based on German precedents.
description: 46 pages, 14 figures, chapter in book: "Neptune: From grand Discovery to a World Revealed", eds. W. Sheehan, T. E. Bell, C, Kennett, R. W. Smith, Springer, 2021 (in series Historical and Cultural Astronomy)
ILC3 dynamics at the human uterine mucosal interface – a focus on IL-22
Creators: name: Cuff, Antonia Olivia
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: Type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) preserve mucosal epithelial integrity during bacterial infection by secreting molecules such as IL-22. In the mouse, evidence suggests IL-22 functions at the uterine mucosal interface to protect against infection-induced preterm birth. IL-22-producing ILC3 were described in the human uterus and serum IL-22 decreases in the blood of women entering labour at term, potentially indicating a requirement for ILC3, and thus also IL-22, in maintaining a healthy pregnancy. Accordingly, this thesis began by investigating a potential role for uterine ILC3 in infectious and physiological labour. This required that I first define the number and function of uterine ILC3 in the normal reproductive cycle. Strikingly, uterine ILC3 were most numerous and functional outside of pregnancy, potentially implicating them in reproductive function beyond pregnancy and parturition. I describe novel CD127– ILC3 which resembled conventional uterine ILC3. I found that endothelial, stromal, and epithelial cells respond to ILC3 products, based on their expression of the IL-22 receptor, and the receptor for another ILC3 product, IL-8. I further show that these cells modulate their responsiveness to IL-22 or IL-8 at different reproductive stages by changing IL-22 and IL-8 receptor expression. In several pregnancy samples collected from patients with infectious aetiologies, ILC3 frequency and number did not differ from uninfected controls, but they produced more IL-22 and IL-8 in specific uterine compartments. A potential role for ILC3 in the gynaecological pathology, endometriosis, was also investigated however, no clear differences in ILC3 numbers or function were identified although ILC3 were located further from blood vessels and glands. Ultimately, I provide the first detailed description of uterine ILC3 dynamics in the healthy reproductive cycle. This information can be leveraged to understand how ILC3 contribute to uterine pathologies and how they uniquely modulate processes at the uterine mucosal interface, distinct from other ILC.