cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The contributions of unhealthy lifestyle factors to apparent resistant hypertension: findings from the Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study
Creators: name: Shimbo, Daichi
name: Levitan, Emily B.
name: Booth III, John N.
name: Calhoun, David A.
name: Judd, Suzanne E.
name: Lackland, Daniel T.
name: Safford, Monika M.
name: Oparil, Suzanne
name: Muntner, Paul
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Hypotensive agents
Cerebrovascular disease
Lifestyles--Health aspects
Hypertension
Health--Nutritional aspects
Medicine

description: Objectives: Unhealthy lifestyle factors may contribute to apparent treatment resistant hypertension (aTRH). We examined associations of unhealthy lifestyle factors with aTRH in individuals taking antihypertensive medications from three or more classes.
Methods: Participants (n = 2602) taking three or more antihypertensive medication classes were identified from the population-based REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. aTRH was defined as having SBP/DBP at least 140/90 mmHg despite the use of three or more antihypertensive medication classes or the use of four or more classes to achieve blood pressure control. Lifestyle factors included obesity, physical inactivity, current smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, a low Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet score and high sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) intake.
Results: Among participants taking three or more antihypertensive medication classes, 1293 (49.7%) participants had aTRH. The prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle factors in participants with and without aTRH was 55.2 and 51.7%, respectively, for obesity, 42.2 and 40.5% for physical inactivity, 11.3 and 11.5% for current smoking, 3.1 and 4.0% for heavy alcohol consumption, 23.1 and 21.5% for low-DASH diet score, and 25.4 and 24.4% for high Na/K intake. After adjustment for age, sex, race, and geographic region of residence, none of the unhealthy lifestyle factors were associated with aTRH. The associations between each unhealthy lifestyle factor and aTRH remained nonsignificant after additional adjustment for education, income, depressive symptoms, total calorie intake, and comorbidities.
Conclusions: Unhealthy lifestyle factors did not have independent associations with aTRH among individuals taking three or more antihypertensive medication classes.
Understanding Mignon: Androgyny in Schubert’s and Schumann’s Song Cycles based on Goethe’s Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre
Creators: name: Kilcommons, Kathleen S
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2023

description: The turn to the nineteenth century saw a growing interest in notions of gender, including androgyny. This interest presents itself in art and literature starting in the late eighteenth century, including Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s novel Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre. The novel contains several androgynous characters, such as Mignon. Mignon is also the character with the strongest connection to music sings almost half of the poems in the novel.
Several of Goethe’s texts have served as inspiration for composers well into the nineteenth century, including Franz Schubert and Robert Schumann. Both of these composers set poems from Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre in song cycles, Schubert’s Gesänge aus ‘Wilhelm Meister’ D877 (1826) and Schumann’s Lieder und Gesänge aus Wilhelm Meister” Op. 98a (1849).[1] Both of these composers take different approaches
toward the text in order to present idiosyncratic representations of gender and androgyny by deploying, vocal range, phrasing, cadences, harmonies, chromaticism, and repetition. By expanding upon scholarship from literature on the androgynous nature of Mignon, this thesis not only provides new analyses of little-studied song cycles by Schubert and Schumann, but also expands knowledge about representations of androgyny in nineteenth century music. In the process, it contributes new knowledge LGBTQ+ studies within musicology.
[1] Franz Schubert, Gesänge aus ‘Wilhelm Meister in Schubert’s Werke, Serie XX: Sämtliche Lieder und Gesänge, No. 488-491 (Leipzig: Breitfopf & Härtel, 1985). Robert Schumann, Sämtliche Lieder, Band II: Originalausgabe (Hohe Stimme), ed. Max Friedlander (Leipzig: Peters, 1920).
Water Adsorption at the Tetrahedral Titania Surface Layer of SrTiO$_3$(110)-(4$\times$1)
Creators: name: Wang, Zhiming
name: Hao, Xianfeng
name: Gerhold, Stefan
name: Novotny, Zbynek
name: Franchini, Cesare
name: McDermott, Eamon
name: Schulte, Karina
name: Schmid, Michael
name: Diebold, Ulrike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction of water with oxide surfaces is of great interest for both fundamental science and applications. We present a combined theoretical [density functional theory (DFT)] and experimental [Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), photoemission spectroscopy (PES)] study of water interaction with the two-dimensional titania overlayer that terminates the SrTiO$_3$(110)-(4$\times$1) surface and consists of TiO$_4$ tetrahedra. STM, core-level and valence band PES show that H$_2$O neither adsorbs nor dissociates on the stoichiometric surface at room temperature, while it dissociates at oxygen vacancies. This is in agreement with DFT calculations, which show that the energy barriers for water dissociation on the stoichiometric and reduced surfaces are 1.7 and 0.9 eV, respectively. We propose that water weakly adsorbs on two-dimensional, tetrahedrally coordinated overlayers.
Association between oral and general health related quality of life among Norwegian patients with substance use disorders in opioid agonist therapy
Creators: name: Åstrøm, Anne Nordrehaug
name: Vold, Jørn Henrik
name: Frode, Christer
name: Johansson, Kjell Arne
name: Fadnes, Lars Thore
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Assess the association between oral and general health related quality of life using oral impacts on daily performances (OIDP) and the quality of life tool EQ-5D-5L from EuroQoL among patients with substance use disorder (SUD) who receive opioid agonist therapy. 609 patients with SUD completed the EQ-5D-5L. A dental sub-study of 167 patients completed OIDP and an oral examination when attending outpatient clinics in Western Norway for their opioid agonist therapy. The merged analytical sample consisted of 165 patients. The association between OIDP and EQ-5D-5L was assessed by Spearman’s rho and a linear multiple variable regression analysis. A line graph and a Pen’s parade displayed the distributions of OIDP sum scores and EQ-5D-5L index values. Overall mean summary- and index EQ-5D-5L scores were 9.97 (sd 3.25) and 0.69 (sd 0.22). Mean score for OIDP was 9.75 (sd 9.59). Spearman’s rho was 0.34 (p < .01) between OIDP and EQ-5D-5L summary scores. Linear regression revealed an association adjusted for sex and age of 0.12 (95% CI 0.07–0.17) and a coefficient of determination of 0.1460. This study reveals a strong association between OIDP and EQ-5D-5L reflecting the importance of oral health to general health for patients with SUD. Health care professionals should pay attention to oral health. Effective interventions might improve patients’ oral and health related quality of life.
The Casimir effect with quantized charged scalar matter in background magnetic field
Creators: name: Sitenko, Yu. A.
name: Yushchenko, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the influence of a background uniform magnetic field and boundary conditions on the vacuum of a quantized charged massive scalar matter field confined between two parallel plates; the magnetic field is directed orthogonally to the plates. The admissible set of boundary conditions at the plates is determined by the requirements that the operator of one-particle energy squared be self-adjoint and positive definite. We show that, in the case of a weak magnetic field and a small separation of the plates, the Casimir force is either attractive or repulsive, depending on the choice of a boundary condition. In the case of a strong magnetic field and a large separation of the plates, the Casimir force is repulsive, being independent of the choice of a boundary condition, as well as of the distance between the plates.
description: 25 pages, 1 figure, misprint in formula (49) is eliminated
Supplementary figures and tables from Negative density-dependent parasitism in a group-living carnivore
Creators: name: Albery, Gregory F.
name: Newman, Chris
name: Ross, Julius Bright
name: MacDonald, David W.
name: Bansal, Shweta
name: Buesching, Christina
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Animals living at high-population densities commonly experience greater exposure to disease, leading to increased parasite burdens. However, social animals can benefit immunologically and hygienically from cooperation, and individuals may alter their socio-spatial behaviour in response to infection, both of which could counteract density-related increases in exposure. Consequently, the costs and benefits of sociality for the disease are often uncertain. Here, we use a long-term study of a wild European badger population (Meles meles) to investigate how within-population variation in host density determines infection with multiple parasites. Four out of five parasite taxa exhibited consistent spatial hotspots of infection, which peaked among badgers living in areas of low local population density. Combined movement, survival, spatial and social network analyses revealed that parasite avoidance was the likely cause of this negative density dependence, with possible roles for localized mortality, encounter-dilution effects and micronutrient-enhanced immunity. These findings demonstrate that animals can organize their societies in space to minimize parasite infection, with important implications for badger behavioural ecology and for the control of badger-associated diseases.
Bassia scoparia Beck
Creators: name: Sukhorukov, Alexander P.
name: Kushunina, Maria A.
name: Stepanova, Nina Yu.
name: Kalmykova, Olga G.
name: Golovanov, Yaroslav M.
name: Sennikov, Alexander N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Caryophyllales
Amaranthaceae
Bassia
Bassia scoparia

description: Bassia scoparia (L.) Beck
Bassia scoparia (L.) Beck in Reichenbach, Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 24: 155 (1909) ≡ Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad., Neues J. Bot. 3 ((3-4): 85 (1809) ≡ Chenopodium scoparia L., Sp. Pl. 1: 221 (1753).
= Suaeda sieversiana Pall., Ill. Pl.: 45 (1803) ≡ Kochia sieversiana (Pall.) C. A. Mey. in Ledeb., Fl. Altaic. 1: 415 (1829).
= Kochia scoparia var. densiflora Moq. in DC., Prodr. 13 (2): 131 (1849) ≡ Kochia densiflora (Moq.) Aellen, Mitt. Basler Bot. Ges. 2 (1): 13 (1954) ≡ Kochia scoparia subsp. densiflora (Moq.) Aellen in Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitteleur., ed. 2, 3 / 2: 710 (1961).
Native status
Established alien.
Conservation status
Not applicable.
Distribution
Orenburg Region: Belyaevka, Buzuluk, Gai, Ilek, Kuvandyk, Novoorsk, Novosergievka, Perevolotsky, Ponomaryovka, Sol' - Iletsk, Sorochinsk, Totskoe Districts, Orenburg City (Fig. 54).
Previous reports: Ryabinina (1998), Knjazev (2009).
The species occurs along railroad beds, in populated places and their closest proximity.
The species is distributed as native in Central Asia (western China, Mongolia, southern Siberia). It is widely known as alien and naturalised in the temperate zone around the World. It spreads along roads and has arrived to the territory due to its formerly common cultivation as a technical plant (used for brooms in villages).
description: Published as part of Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Kushunina, Maria A., Stepanova, Nina Yu., Kalmykova, Olga G., Golovanov, Yaroslav M. & Sennikov, Alexander N., 2024, Taxonomic inventory and distributions of Chenopodiaceae (Amaranthaceae s. l.) in Orenburg Region, Russia, pp. e 121541 in Biodiversity Data Journal 12 on page e121541, DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.12.e121541
Preventing misdiagnosis of ambulatory hypertension: algorithm using office and home blood pressures
Creators: name: Shimbo, Daichi
name: Kuruvilla, Sujith
name: Haas, Donald
name: Pickering, Thomas G.
name: Schwartz, Joseph E.
name: Gerin, William
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
Blood pressure
Ambulatory medical care
Hypertension
Diagnosis
Medicine

description: Objectives—An algorithm for making a differential diagnosis between sustained and white coat hypertension (SH and WCH) has been proposed–patients with office hypertension undergo home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) and those with normal HBP levels undergo ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). We tested whether incorporating an upper office blood pressure (OBP) cutoff in the algorithm, higher than the traditional 140/90 mmHg, reduces the need for HBPM and ABPM. Methods—229 normotensive and untreated mildly hypertensive participants (mean age 52.5 ± 14.6, 54% female) underwent OBP measurements, HBPM, and 24-hour ABPM. Using the algorithm, sensitivity (SN), specificity (SP), and positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) for SH and WCH were assessed. We then modified the algorithm utilizing a systolic and diastolic OBP cutoff at a SP of 95% for ambulatory hypertension –those with office hypertension but OBP levels below the upper cutoff undergo HBPM and subsequent ABPM if appropriate. Results—Using the original algorithm, SN and PPV for SH were 100% and 93.8%. Despite a SP of 44.4%, NPV was 100%. These values correspond to SP, NPV, SN, and PPV for WCH respectively. Using the modified algorithm, the diagnostic accuracy for SH and WCH did not change. However, far fewer participants needed HBPM (29 vs. 84) and ABPM (8 vs. 15). Conclusions—In this sample, the original and modified algorithms are excellent at diagnosing SH and WCH. However, the latter requires far fewer subjects to undergo HBPM and ABPM. These findings have important implications for the cost-effective diagnosis of SH and WCH.
Fossil imprint of a powerful flare at the Galactic Centre along the Magellanic Stream
Creators: name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
name: Maloney, Phil
name: Sutherland, Ralph
name: Madsen, Greg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fermi satellite discovery of the gamma-ray emitting bubbles extending 50 deg (10 kpc) from the Galactic Centre has revitalized earlier claims that our Galaxy has undergone an explosive episode in the recent past. We now explore a new constraint on such activity. The Magellanic Stream is a clumpy gaseous structure passing over the South Galactic Pole (SGP) at a distance of at least 50-100 kpc. Patchy H-alpha emission discovered along the Magellanic Stream over the SGP is a factor of 5 too bright to have been produced by the Galactic stellar population. Time-dependent models of Stream clouds exposed to a flare in ionising photon flux show that the ionised gas must recombine and cool for a time interval 0.6 - 2.9 Myr for the emitted H-alpha surface brightness to drop to the observed level. A nuclear starburst is ruled out. Sgr A* is a more likely candidate because it is two orders of magnitude more efficient at converting gas to UV radiation. The central black hole (4 x 10^6 Msun) can supply the required ionising luminosity with a fraction of the Eddington accretion rate (3-30%). In support of nuclear activity, the H-alpha emission along the Stream has a polar angle dependence peaking close to the SGP. Moreover, it is now generally accepted that the Stream over the SGP must be further than the Magellanic Clouds. At the lower halo gas densities, shocks become too ineffective and are unlikely to give rise to a polar angle dependence in the H-alpha emission. Thus it is likely that the Stream emission arose from a `Seyfert flare' that was active 1-3 Myr ago, consistent with the cosmic ray lifetime in the Fermi bubbles. Sgr A* activity today is greatly suppressed (70-80 dB) relative to the Seyfert outburst...
description: 15 pages (ApJ format), 15 figures Astrophysical Journal (November 1st, 2013)
NATURE INSPIRED ARCHITECTURE
Creators: name: Khan, Salabat
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2023

description: The thesis explores the various ways in which Biomimicry can be used to develop sustainable solutions that are derived from the natural cycles of organisms. Some of these include the use of solar and wind energy, as well as waste management. Aside from these, the thesis also explores the various ways in which Biomimicry can be used to develop more sustainable solutions for interior and exterior designs. The thesis explores different ways to help in sustainable architecture for the future as we are heading into the future. By using computational programming, we are able to design innovative solutions to help offset the carbon footprint of the planet. The design goal is to create a façade system inspired from the principles of biomimicry which helps in offsetting the carbon footprint of building over its lifespan.
Strange Attractors for Asymptotically Zero Maps
Creators: name: Joshi, Yogesh
name: Blackmore, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37D45, 37E99, 92D25, 92D40

description: A discrete dynamical system in Euclidean m-space generated by the iterates of an asymptotically zero map f, satisfying f(x) goes to zero as x goes to infinity, must have a compact global attracting set $A $. The question of what additional hypotheses are sufficient to guarantee that A has a minimal (invariant) subset A* that is a chaotic strange attractor is answered in detail for a few types of asymptotically zero maps. These special cases happen to have many applications (especially as mathematical models for a variety of processes in ecological and population dynamics), some of which are presented as examples and analyzed in considerable detail.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures, reported on in a special session on difference equations at the AMS meeting at Temple University, Oct. 11, 12
Supplementary Tables S1, S2, & S3 from Determining cancer risk: the evolutionary multistage model or total stem cell divisions?
Creators: name: Nunney, Leonard
name: Thai, Kevin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: A recent hypothesis proposed that the total number of stem cell divisions in a tissue (TSCD model) determine its intrinsic cancer risk; however, a different model, the multistage model has long been used to understand how cancer originates. Identifying the correct model has important implications for interpreting the frequency of cancers. Using worldwide cancer incidence data, we applied three tests to the TSCD model and an evolutionary multistage model of carcinogenesis (EMMC), a model in which cancer suppression is recognized as an evolving trait, with natural selection acting to suppress cancers causing a significant mean loss of Darwinian fitness. Each test supported the EMMC but contradicted the TSCD model. This outcome undermines results based on the TSCD model quantifying the relative importance of ‘bad luck' (the random accumulation of somatic mutations) versus environmental and genetic factors in determining cancer incidence. Our testing supported the EMMC prediction that cancers of large rapidly dividing tissues predominate late in life. Another important prediction is that an indicator of recent oncogenic environmental change is an unusually high mean fitness loss due to cancer, rather than by its high lifetime incidence. The evolutionary model also predicts that large and/or long-lived animals have evolved mechanisms of cancer suppression that may be of value in preventing or controlling human cancers.
Building Hygge In-Roads into Incremental Living
Creators: name: Kalra, Tanisha
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2023

description:
Housing is one aspect of architecture and urban planning that has constantly been improved and redefined to suit the needs of people during the time periods they have been living in. People have taken significant steps in establishing how they want to live in retrospect to the times, according to their values and needs.  Today, more architectural research may address the understanding and production of a healthy way of living than any other aspect of placemaking. It is no surprise that so much effort supports this spatial concern, which contributes to a fundamental building block of shared cultural definitions.
The COVID-19 pandemic has simply underscored the importance of this movement. In human terms, these times have indicated that when the going gets tough, people turn to their own cocoons for shelter, safety, and storage, while this so-called place of safety becomes a focal point around which they can develop their life and subsequently their communication to the outside world.
With the growing challenges in everyday urbanism, and the population of the world reaching new peaks every year, one must question if the issues of the past such as the scale and speed of construction can coordinate with the critical timelines that society now faces. On top of that, disasters and climate change simply heightens these challenges. Providing housing for all may not be a viable solution in the long term. People often see housing as a product or the result of the process, and this idea needs to be given significant thought so that the discourse of housing and eventually urban living reflect a world of comfort and social utopia. The thesis also narrowly touches on the fact that housing is a form of architecture that is ever changing. Once this idea has been accepted, urbanism can begin to address things that affect the environment, health, and other aspects of value which are now loosely attached to one’s living conditions.
This thesis explores the various ways of establishing comfortable living space, in particular the notion of “Hygge” and its parallels across the world, and identifies “incrementalism” as a common framework to support health, facilitate safety, and build comfort for a large audience.
Factors Affecting the Distribution of Malayan Sun Bear in Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary, Northern Myanmar
Creators: name: Htike, Min Hein
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2023

description: To understand the modeling challenges and to examine the important factors considered in Malayan sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) distribution studies, we reviewed 33 peer-reviewed articles published from 2003-2023. These studies used 54 environmental or anthropogenic variable types to investigate the distribution, habitat preference, and home range composition of sun bears. Most variable types are human disturbance (n=4), climate (n=3), topography (n=1), vegetation (n=11), or other ecological factors (n=3). Nevertheless, a number of rarely used variables might also be useful to include in future evaluations (i.e., food abundance), and observational evidence suggests that predator occurrence could also be informative. Importantly, no studies tested the performance of model prediction by using other presence points of the species in a similar or adjacent biogeographical area.
In Myanmar, where the bear’s distribution is not well-known, we set up three annual surveys using 120 camera-trap stations in a portion of the Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary (HWS) in northern Myanmar during 2016-17 to 2018-19 to identify factors influencing bear distribution. From a total effort of 15,315 trap nights, we obtained 47 independent photo events of sun bears at 16%, 13%, and 9% of the stations each year. We analyzed eight factors potentially influencing the bear distribution and found that the top three ranked models were a combination of elevation, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), distance to water, and slope. The presence of tigers (Panthera tigris) in the area was found to have a positive relation with mean sun bear occupancy.
In this study, we tested the prediction performance of the single-season occupancy model with another dataset. We tested the prediction performance of the top six models in the PresenceAbsence Package and calculated the AUC (Area under receiver curved), TSS (True skill statistics), and Kappa scores. The AUC score ranged from 0.5 to 0.6, while the TSS score ranged from -0.001 to 0.28. None of the top six models’ predictions perfectly agreed with the sanctuary-wide survey data. The discrepancies may be due to the limited sample size, the temporal scale of the prediction, and the presence of other ecological factors (e.g., predators, competitors, or food availability) not accounted for in the habitat use prediction. To improve the prediction performance of occupancy models, we recommend that future sun bear surveys increase the number and size of sampling efforts and include ecological covariates such as potential predators when possible.
Simulation study of the plasma brake effect
Creators: name: Janhunen, Pekka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The plasma brake is a thin negatively biased tether which has been proposed as an efficient concept for deorbiting satellites and debris objects from low Earth orbit. We simulate the interaction with the ionospheric plasma ram flow with the plasma brake tether by a high performance electrostatic particle in cell code to evaluate the thrust. The tether is assumed to be perpendicular to the flow. We perform runs for different tether voltage, magnetic field orientation and plasma ion mass. We show that a simple analytical thrust formula reproduces most of the simulation results well. The interaction with the tether and the plasma flow is laminar (i.e., smooth and not turbulent) when the magnetic field is perpendicular to the tether and the flow. If the magnetic field is parallel to the tether, the behaviour is unstable and thrust is reduced by a modest factor. The case when the magnetic field is aligned with the flow can also be unstable, but does not result in notable thrust reduction. We also fix an error in an earlier reference. According to the simulations, the predicted thrust of the plasma brake is large enough to make the method promising for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite deorbiting. As a numerical example we estimate that a 5 km long plasma brake tether weighing 0.055 kg could produce 0.43 mN breaking force which is enough to reduce the orbital altitude of a 260 kg object mass by 100 km during one year.
description: 15 pages, 17 figures, 2 tables, in press in Annales Geophysicae
Genetic Associations of Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Creators: name: Hebert, Scott
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2023

description: Over 6 million people are estimated to have been living with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in 2020, with another 12 million living with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Research has been conducted to evaluate genetic links to AD, but more research is needed on the subject. The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) has been conducting a longitudinal study of AD and MCI since 2004 and offering their data to research teams around the world. Diagnostic and demographic data was collected from participants, as well as data regarding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNP data was transformed to a binary format regarding whether the SNP contained the alternative allele for that particular SNP. We performed cross-validation to determine the ideal alpha and lambda values to use in elastic net regularization, which called for LASSO regression, in order to perform feature selection on the SNPs and other predictors, which were systolic and diastolic blood pressure, age, gender, years of education, race, marital status, and handedness. The LASSO regression reduced the number of SNPs from 55,106 to 13 and removed all non-SNP predictors except years of education and marital status.
We used simple logistic regression to assess the relationship between variations in the significant SNPs (as well as years of education and marital status) and diagnosis of AD/MCI, utilizing a separate LASSO regression with conditional selective inference to more accurately calculate the significance of the variables. The adjusted odds ratios for the SNPs are 1.59 (95% CI 1.23, 2.05), 2.37 (95% CI 1.81, 3.12), 0.71 (95% CI 0.54, 0.93), 1.59 (95% CI 1.21, 2.09), 0.55 (95% CI 0.38, 0.79), 2.03 (95% CI 1.27, 3.23), 0.31 (95% CI 0.18, 0.50), 0.43 (95% CI 0.30, 0.60), 0.69 (95% CI 0.53, 0.89), 1.95 (95% CI 1.46, 2.60), 1.89 (95% CI 1.22, 2.90), 1.47 (95% CI 1.13, 1.90), and 0.52 (95% CI 0.37, 0.72) for SNPs rs11086694, rs2075650, rs2094277, rs2261682, rs31887, rs4745514, rs4816158, rs4826619, rs6640551, rs6809370, rs7312407, rs919751, and rs9857853, respectively. The SNPs are located in genes that have clinical significance and may be associated with various diseases that affect cognitive performance. The results propose that the alternative alleles for seven SNPs are associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s Disease/Mild Cognitive Impairment diagnosis while six SNPs are associated with a decreased risk of diagnosis. This research may have clinical implications and should be further studied.
De Sitter Universe from Causal Dynamical Triangulations without Preferred Foliation
Creators: name: Jordan, S.
name: Loll, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of a recently introduced version of Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) that does not rely on a distinguished time slicing. Focussing on the case of 2+1 spacetime dimensions, we analyze its geometric and causal properties, present details of the numerical set-up and explain how to extract "volume profiles". Extensive Monte Carlo measurements of the system show the emergence of a de Sitter universe on large scales from the underlying quantum ensemble, similar to what was observed previously in standard CDT quantum gravity. This provides evidence that the distinguished time slicing of the latter is not an essential part of its kinematical set-up.
description: 44 pages, 29 figures
Prevalence and Characteristics of Systolic Blood Pressure Thresholds in Individuals 60 Years or Older
Creators: name: Shimbo, Daichi
name: Tanner, Rikki M.
name: Muntner, Paul
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Kidneys--Diseases
Blood pressure
Hypotensive agents
Hypertension
Systolic blood pressure
Medicine

description: For more than 20 years, US Joint National Committee (JNC) hypertension guidelines, including JNC 7, have recommended systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) thresholds of 140/90 mm Hg for the initiation of antihypertensive medication and a goal during treatment for individuals without diabetes or chronic kidney disease. The 2014 report from the panel members appointed to JNC 8 recently recommended a higher systolic BP (SBP) threshold (150 mm Hg) for treatment initiation and a treatment goal in adults 60 years or older. We estimated the percentage and characteristics of older US adults potentially affected by the new SBP threshold.
Aloe Vera coated Dextran Sulfate/Chitosan nanoparticles (Aloe Vera @ DS/CS) encapsulating Eucalyptus essential oil with antibacterial potent property
Creators: name: Darwish, Mirhane Mostafa
name: Elneklawi, Mona S
name: Mohamad, Ebtesam A
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: The goal of this work is to encapsulate Eucalyptus staigeriana essential oil in biopolymer matrices, to optimize the biological effects and the antibacterial properties of this oil. In this study, Eucalyptus extract was encapsulated in Aloe Vera coated Dextran Sulfate/Chitosan nanoparticles to form a hydrogel with potent properties. In this study, Eucalyptus extract was loaded on to Aloe Vera coated Dextran Sulphate/Chitosan nanoparticles to obtain a nano-hydrogel with potent properties. The characterization of nanoparticles was evaluated using transmission and scanning electron microscopes, dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and antibacterial activity. The Eucalyptus staigeriana release profile from the prepared nanoparticles was studied in vitro at a pH of 7.4. The results showed that this nano-carrier controls Eucalyptus release. Aloe Vera coated Dextran Sulfate/Chitosan nanoparticles encapsulated with Eucalyptus staigeriana inhibited the bacteria by 47.27%. These investigations concluded that Eucalyptus staigeriana loaded Aloe Vera coated Dextran Sulfate/Chitosan hydrogel could be used as a powerful dressing material to accelerate wound healing.
Moving Beyond the Gender Binary: A Critical Analysis and Review of Contemporary Scholarship on Nonbinary Gender Identities
Creators: name: Harding, Rie
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2023

description: For decades gender scholars have recognized the importance of gender to subjectivity, lived experiences, and life chances. Nonbinary gender identities are becoming more recognized by social, legal, and government institutions. However, currently there is a lack of research and scholarship that focuses on nonbinary gender identities. I demonstrate that the sociology of gender must move beyond the constraints of the hegemonic gender binary system in order to have a full and holistic conceptualization of gender. This paper reviews and critically analyzes contemporary interdisciplinary scholarship on nonbinary gender identities, then sets out a research agenda for moving forward. Within this scholarship there are gaps, shortcomings and limitations that arise that include upholding the cis/trans binary, misrepresenting contemporary society as having reached an era of understanding gender complexities, problematic framings of cross-cultural and historical examples, and centering discrimination/violence. I propose a research agenda moving forward should center racialization due to (un)marked whiteness in scholarship, legibility/intelligibility, and the possibilities and knowledge that exist due to existing in a space of exclusion.
Endothelial Dysfunction and the Risk of Hypertension: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Creators: name: Shimbo, Daichi
name: Muntner, Paul
name: Mann, Devin
name: Viera, Anthony J.
name: Homma, Shunichi
name: Polak, Joseph F.
name: Barr, R. Graham
name: Herrington, David
name: Shea, Steven J. C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Endothelial cells
Cardiovascular system--Diseases--Risk factors
Cardiovascular system--Diseases
Atherosclerosis
Hypertension
Medicine

description: Hypertension is associated with impaired endothelial function in cross-sectional studies. However, few longitudinal data exist on whether endothelial dysfunction precedes the development of hypertension. We examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between endothelial-dependent brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and hypertension prevalence and incidence in 3500 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, an ethnically diverse, community-based cohort study. At baseline, the prevalence ratios (95% CI) of hypertension from the highest to the lowest quartile of FMD were 1.00 (referent), 1.26 (1.12 to 1.40), 1.35 (1.21 to 1.52), and 1.68 (1.50 to 1.87; linear trend P<0.001). This association remained (P=0.017) after adjustment for demographics (age, sex, and ethnicity), Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis site, and other risk factors. Of the 1869 participants without hypertension at baseline, 584 (31.3%) developed hypertension over a median follow-up of 4.8 years. The unadjusted relative risks (95% CI) of incident hypertension from the highest to the lowest quartile of FMD were 1.00 (referent), 1.38 (1.14 to 1.67), 1.44 (1.19 to 1.74), and 1.64 (1.36 to 1.97; linear trend P<0.001). However, after adjustment for demographics and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis site, the relationship between FMD and incident hypertension was attenuated and not statistically significant: 1.00 (referent), 1.26 (1.04 to 1.52), 1.19 (0.98 to 1.44), and 1.18 (0.97 to 1.44). The longitudinal results also did not appreciably change after adjustment for additional risk factors and baseline blood pressure levels. In this sample, reduced FMD was not an independent predictor of hypertension incidence, suggesting that impaired endothelial function does not play a major role in the development of hypertension.
Prioritizing Climate Equity: A Qualitative Analysis of the Massachusetts MVP Program
Creators: name: Gordon, Noah H
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2023

description: The Massachusetts Municipal Vulnerability Preparedness Program (MVP Program) has funded Community Resilience Building workshops in hundreds of communities over the past 6 years. The Planning Reports produced by these workshops offer valuable insight into the climate adaptation and climate justice priorities of Massachusetts municipalities. Climate justice literature holds that the impacts of climate change will be disproportionately felt by marginalized communities, and those addressing climate change should address the risks faced by those communities, referred to as Environmental Justice (EJ) Communities in Massachusetts. Using an inductive qualitative coding approach, this study analyzes 30 Planning Reports from towns with High, Medium and Low presence of EJ populations. The analysis found that the MVP program has been effective at incentivizing towns to plan for future climate change hazards, by gating funding for immediate projects behind a long-term planning process. The study also found that town Planning Reports tend to prioritize flooding adaptation and prevention over other climate hazards, even hazards that are externally reported to pose greater risk to the community. Finally, when discussing the protection of vulnerable populations, towns tend to define “vulnerable” narrowly as elderly populations, although some High-EJ towns broaden that definition to include other marginalized populations. The findings offer insight into the effectiveness of the MVP program for other states who might use it as a model. The findings can also demonstrate how municipalities in Massachusetts and beyond are planning to use climate adaptation funding as it is made available.
Second Blows in the Head-on Collisions of the Spherical Nano Polymer Droplets
Creators: name: Kim, Sangrak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report observations of weird but interesting phenomenon from the molecular dynamics simulations, occurrence of second blows in the head-on collisions of two equal-sized spherical nano polymer droplets. In the head-on collisions, we usually expect a single peak of impact forces between two colliding droplets. But, in the simulations, the second peak of the impact forces is actually observed. Its underlying mechanisms at the molecular scale are also proposed.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Simplices in the Endomorphism Semiring of a Finite Chain
Creators: name: Trendafilov, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We establish new results concerning endomorphisms of a finite chain if the cardinality of the image of such endomorphism is no more than some fixed number. The semiring of all such endomorphisms can be seen as a simplex whose vertices are the constant endomorphisms. We explore the properties of these simplices.
description: 16 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1304.7824
Camphorosma lessingii Litv.
Creators: name: Sukhorukov, Alexander P.
name: Kushunina, Maria A.
name: Stepanova, Nina Yu.
name: Kalmykova, Olga G.
name: Golovanov, Yaroslav M.
name: Sennikov, Alexander N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Caryophyllales
Amaranthaceae
Camphorosma
Camphorosma lessingii

description: Camphorosma lessingii Litv.
Camphorosma lessingii Litv., Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Acad. Nauk 2: 96 (1905).
Native status
Native.
Conservation status
Least Concern (LC).
EOO 17,200 km 2, AOO 44 km 2. The species is common in the eastern part of the territory and no decline was observed or projected.
Distribution
Orenburg Region (eastern districts): Adamovka, Belyaevka, Gai, Kuvandyk, Kvarkeno, Novoorsk, Yasnyi Districts, Orsk Town (Fig. 55). Northern limit of the species distribution.
Previous reports: Ryabinina (1998), Knjazev (2009).
The species occurs on saline substrates. It is frequent in the Region.
The species is distributed as native in Eastern Europe (south-eastern part) and Central Asia.
description: Published as part of Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Kushunina, Maria A., Stepanova, Nina Yu., Kalmykova, Olga G., Golovanov, Yaroslav M. & Sennikov, Alexander N., 2024, Taxonomic inventory and distributions of Chenopodiaceae (Amaranthaceae s. l.) in Orenburg Region, Russia, pp. e 121541 in Biodiversity Data Journal 12 on page e121541, DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.12.e121541
"Kore saa (コレサア)": Visual Representations of Dialogue in Edo Popular Fiction
Creators: name: Gatewood, Lauren
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2023

description: During Japan’s Edo period (1600-1868), popular literature began to take on a variety of physical formats and develop into various genres. Because many authors of this period were familiar with and producing creative works in a number of these genres, there was much crossover of content, format, and style. Authors were experimenting and playing with different ways to represent and give information about their characters through devices such as the dialogue they wrote, the illustrations included in the works, asides in the images, and many more. In this thesis, I explore the myriad ways authors of Edo period popular fiction employed creative visual and textual techniques to present authentic, realistic characters, focusing on the script itself: kana and kanji,ruby (glosses), page layout, text size, diacritical marks and other non-character markings, and spelling, etc. I have separated the period into three chronological sections: 1600-1750, 1751-1804, and post-1804. In the first section, I discuss how the early Edo kanazōshi (“kana booklets”) incorporate content and visual elements that are developed in later works. Because the genre label kanazōshi is arbitrary and inadequate, these books can be seen as a jumping off point for many of the later popular fiction genres. I then describe the connection between the kanazōshi and the ukiyozōshi (“books of the floating world”), showing that the authors’ creation of humorous yet (to varying degrees,) accurate character types seen both in the main and minor characters was directly influential on later works. In the second section, I discuss issues with the term “genre” as applied to Edo period fiction and examine the burgeoning visual techniques used by authors in dangibon (“sermon books”), kibyōshi (“yellow cover books”), and sharebon (“books of wit and fashion), ultimately showing that Inaka shibai (1787), though labeled a sharebon, operates as an inter-genre bridge between this literary incubation period and the post-1804 genre kokkeibon (“funny books”). In the final section, I look closely at the more fully developed techniques used in the kokkeibon in order to show an evolution in the representation of dialogue in this latter stage of development.
Echinostomatidae Looss 1899
Creators: name: Lunaschi, Lía I.
name: Drago, Fabiana B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Platyhelminthes
Trematoda
Plagiorchiida
Echinostomatidae

description: Family Echinostomatidae Looss, 1899   Prionosomoides Freitas & Dobbin, 1967
 Prionosomoides scalaris Freitas & Dobbin, 1967 Host and record: Phrynops hilarii (Duméril & Bibron, 1835) (C). Site of infection: esophagus.
Reference: Lombardero & Moriena (1977).
description: Published as part of Lunaschi, Lía I. & Drago, Fabiana B., 2007, Checklist of digenean parasites of amphibians and reptiles from Argentina, pp. 51-68 in Zootaxa 1476 on page 55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176772
Observations Generales Et Preliminaires A L'Examen De L'Ecrit Qui A Pour Titre, Lettre Sur L'Esperance Et La Confiance Chrétienne; 1739
Creators: name: Mariette, François de Paule
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2013

description: Verf. ermittelt (lt. BnF). - Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: M. DCC. XXXIX.
Experimental calculations and data from Sex pheromone biosynthesis, storage and release in a female moth: making a little go a long way
Creators: name: Foster, Stephen P.
name: Anderson, Karin G.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Moth pheromone research has pioneered much of our understanding of long-distance chemical communication. Two important characteristics of this communication have, however, remained largely unaddressed: the release of small quantities of pheromone by most moth species, despite potential advantages of releasing greater amounts, and the intermittency of release in some species, limiting the time of mate attraction. We addressed the proximate mechanisms underlying these characteristics by manipulating biosynthesis, storage and release of pheromone in females of the noctuid moth Chloridea virescens. We found that (i) mass release is determined by pheromone mass on the gland surface, (ii) amounts synthesized are limited by pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide concentration, not precursor availability, (iii) some gland structural feature limits mass release rate, (iv) intermittent calling enables release at a mass rate greater than biosynthetic rate and (v) at typical mass release rates, the periodicity of pheromone availability on the gland surface roughly matches the periodicity (intermittency) of calling. We conclude that mass release in C. virescens and possibly many other species is low because of constraints on biosynthesis, storage and gland structure. Further, it appears the behaviour of intermittent calling in C. virescens may have evolved as a co-adaptation with pheromone availability, allowing females to release pheromone intermittently at higher mass rates than the biosynthesis rate.