cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
(401705) Agnes Bell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Topological edge states in photonic Floquet insulator with unpaired Dirac cones
Creators: name: Zhong, Hua
name: Kartashov, Yaroslav V.
name: Li, Yongdong
name: Li, Ming
name: Zhang, Yiqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological insulators are most frequently constructed using lattices with specific degeneracies in their linear spectra, such as Dirac points. For a broad class of lattices, such as honeycomb ones, these points and associated Dirac cones generally appear in non-equivalent pairs. Simultaneous breakup of the time-reversal and inversion symmetry in systems based on such lattices may result in the formation of the unpaired Dirac cones in bulk spectrum, but the existence of topologically protected edge states in such structures remains an open problem. Here photonic Floquet insulator on honeycomb lattice with unpaired Dirac cones in its spectrum is introduced that can support unidirectional edge states appearing at the edge between two regions with opposite sublattice detuning. Topological properties of this system are characterized by the nonzero valley Chern number. Remarkably, edge states in this system can circumvent sharp corners without inter-valley scattering even though there is no total forbidden gap in the spectrum. Our results reveal unusual interplay between two different physical mechanisms of creation of topological edge states based on simultaneous breakup of different symmetries of the system.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures. To appear in Photonics Research. Comments are welcome
An Integral Condition for Core-Collapse Supernova Explosions
Creators: name: Murphy, Jeremiah W.
name: Dolence, Joshua C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an integral condition for core-collapse supernova (CCSN) explosions and use it to construct a new diagnostic of explodability. The fundamental challenge in CCSN theory is to explain how a stalled accretion shock revives to explode a star. In this manuscript, we assume that the shock revival is initiated by the delayed-neutrino mechanism and derive an integral condition for spherically symmetric shock expansion, $v_s > 0$. One of the most useful one-dimensional explosion conditions is the neutrino luminosity and mass-accretion rate ($L_ν-\dot{\mathcal{M}}$) critical curve. Below this curve, steady-state stalled solutions exist, but above this curve, there are no stalled solutions. Burrows & Goshy suggested that the solutions above this curve are dynamic and explosive. In this manuscript, we take one step closer to proving this supposition; we show that all steady solutions above this curve have $v_s > 0$. Assuming that these steady $v_s > 0$ solutions correspond to explosion, we present a new dimensionless integral condition for explosion, $Ψ> 0$. $Ψ$ roughly describes the balance between pressure and gravity, and we show that this parameter is equivalent to the $τ$ condition used to infer the $L_ν-\dot{\mathcal{M}}$ critical curve. The illuminating difference is that there is a direct relationship between $Ψ$ and $v_s$. Below the critical curve, $Ψ$ may be negative, positive, and zero, which corresponds to receding, expanding, and stalled-shock solutions. At the critical curve, the minimum $Ψ$ solution is zero; above the critical curve, $Ψ_{\rm min} > 0$, and all steady solutions have $v_s > 0$. Using one-dimensional simulations, we confirm our primary assumptions and verify that $Ψ_{\rm min} > 0$ is a reliable and accurate explosion diagnostic.
description: 18 pages and 12 figures; published in ApJ. Figures 8 & 9 and equation 21 show the main results
Inhibition of SRGAP2 Function by Its Human-Specific Paralogs Induces Neoteny during Spine Maturation
Creators: name: Polleux, Franck
name: Joshi, Kaumudi
name: Coutinho-Budd, Jaeda
name: De Marchena, Jacqueline
name: Lambert, Nelle
name: Sassa, Takayuki
name: Jin, Wei Lin
name: Vanderhaeghen, Pierre
name: Ghosh, Anirvan
name: Kim, Ji Eun
name: Charrier, Cécile
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Structural genomic variations represent a major driving force of evolution and a burst of large segmental gene duplications occurred in the human lineage during its separation from non-human primates. SRGAP2, a gene recently implicated in neocortical development, has undergone two human-specific duplications. Here we find that both duplications (SRGAP2B and SRGAP2C) are partial and encode a truncated F-BAR domain. SRGAP2C is expressed in the developing and adult human brain and dimerizes with ancestral SRGAP2 to inhibit its function. In the mouse neocortex, SRGAP2 promotes spine maturation and limits spine density. Expression of SRGAP2C phenocopies SRGAP2 deficiency. It underlies sustained radial migration and leads to the emergence of human-specific features, including neoteny during spine maturation and increased density of longer spines. These results suggest that inhibition of SRGAP2 function by its human-specific paralogs has contributed to the evolution of the human neocortex and plays an important role during human brain development.
MPEC 2023-Q143 : DAILY ORBIT UPDATE (2023 August 26)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Negative Feedback Enhances Robustness in the Yeast Polarity Establishment Circuit
Creators: name: Wu, Chi Fang
name: Elston, Timothy C.
name: Lew, Daniel J.
name: Jin, Meng
name: Howell, Audrey S.
name: Zyla, Trevin R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Many cells undergo symmetry-breaking polarization toward a randomly oriented “front” in the absence of spatial cues. In budding yeast, such polarization involves a positive feedback loop that enables amplification of stochastically arising clusters of polarity factors. Previous mathematical modeling suggested that, if more than one cluster were amplified, the clusters would compete for limiting resources and the largest would “win,” explaining why yeast cells always make one and only one bud. Here, using imaging with improved spatiotemporal resolution, we show the transient coexistence of multiple clusters during polarity establishment, as predicted by the model. Unexpectedly, we also find that initial polarity factor clustering is oscillatory, revealing the presence of a negative feedback loop that disperses the factors. Mathematical modeling predicts that negative feedback would confer robustness to the polarity circuit and make the kinetics of competition between polarity factor clusters relatively insensitive to polarity factor concentration. These predictions are confirmed experimentally.
The Nonclassical Diffusion Approximation to the Nonclassical Linear Boltzmann Equation
Creators: name: Vasques, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that, by correctly selecting the probability distribution function $p(s)$ for a particle's distance-to-collision, the nonclassical diffusion equation can be represented exactly by the nonclassical linear Boltzmann equation for an infinite homogeneous medium. This choice of $p(s)$ preserves the $true$ mean-squared free path of the system, which sheds new light on the results obtained in previous work.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Noninvasive Imaging beyond the Diffraction Limit of 3D Dynamics in Thickly Fluorescent Specimens
Creators: name: Davidson, Michael W.
name: Betzig, Eric
name: Shao, Lin
name: Poulton, John S.
name: Wu, Xufeng
name: Higgins, Christopher D.
name: Peifer, Mark
name: Gao, Liang
name: Goldstein, Bob
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Optical imaging of the dynamics of living specimens involves tradeoffs between spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and phototoxicity, made more difficult in three-dimensions. Here, however, we report that rapid 3D dynamics can be studied beyond the diffraction limit in thick or densely fluorescent living specimens over many time points by combining ultra-thin planar illumination produced by scanned Bessel beams with superresolution structured illumination microscopy. We demonstrate in vivo karyotyping of chromosomes during mitosis and identify different dynamics for the actin cytoskeleton at the dorsal and ventral surfaces of fibroblasts. Compared to spinning disk confocal microscopy, we demonstrate substantially reduced photodamage when imaging rapid morphological changes in D. discoideum cells, as well as improved contrast and resolution at depth within developing C. elegans embryos. Bessel beam structured plane illumination thus promises new insights into complex biological phenomena that require 4D subcellular spatiotemporal detail in either a single or multicellular context.
piRNAs Can Trigger a Multigenerational Epigenetic Memory in the Germline of C. elegans
Creators: name: Goldstein, Leonard D.
name: Sakaguchi, Aisa
name: Le Pen, Jérémie
name: Pintacuda, Greta
name: Doebley, Anna Lisa
name: Sarkies, Peter
name: Lehrbach, Nicolas J.
name: Ashe, Alyson
name: Cording, Amy C.
name: Sapetschnig, Alexandra
name: Ahmed, Shawn
name: Mitchell, Jacinth
name: Miska, Eric A.
name: Weick, Eva Maria
name: Bagijn, Marloes P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: SummaryTransgenerational effects have wide-ranging implications for human health, biological adaptation, and evolution; however, their mechanisms and biology remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that a germline nuclear small RNA/chromatin pathway can maintain stable inheritance for many generations when triggered by a piRNA-dependent foreign RNA response in C.elegans. Using forward genetic screens and candidate approaches, we find that a core set of nuclear RNAi and chromatin factors is required for multigenerational inheritance of environmental RNAi and piRNA silencing. These include a germline-specific nuclear Argonaute HRDE1/WAGO-9, a HP1 ortholog HPL-2, and two putative histone methyltransferases, SET-25 and SET-32. piRNAs can trigger highly stable long-term silencing lasting at least 20 generations. Once established, this long-term memory becomes independent of the piRNA trigger but remains dependent on the nuclear RNAi/chromatin pathway. Our data present a multigenerational epigenetic inheritance mechanism induced by piRNAs.Graphical AbstractHighlights► Multigenerational inheritance and piRNAs converge on same nuclear silencing pathway ► HRDE1/WAGO-9 and chromatin factors required for inheritance of piRNA silencing ► piRNAs can induce multigenerational silencing for more than 20 generations. ► Long-term memory independent of piRNA triggers but remains dependent on nuclear pathwayMultigenerational inheritance and piRNAs converge on same silencing pathway, in which both nuclear WAGOs and chromatin factors are required. The piRNA trigger can be lost, but the nuclear silencing pathway maintains the silencing for more than 20 generations.
title: A radiologic view of Dunbar syndrome
Creators: name: Pennisi, Isabella
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Anatomy
subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Education
subject: Haemodynamics / Flow dynamics
subject: Hypertension
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The aim of this poster is to show the main ultrasound and CT features of Dunbar...
Anisotropic scattering rate in Fe substituted Bi2212
Creators: name: Naamneh, M.
name: Lubashevsky, Y.
name: Lahoud, E.
name: Gu, G. D.
name: Kanigel, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measured the electronic structure of Fe substituted Bi2212 using Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES). We find that the substitution does not change the momentum dependence of the superconducting gap but induces a very anisotropic enhancement of the scattering rate. A comparison of the effect of Fe substitution to that of Zn substitution suggests that the Fe reduces T$_c$ so effectively because it supresses very strongly the coherence weight around the anti-nodes.
Resveratrol Ameliorates Aging-Related Metabolic Phenotypes by Inhibiting cAMP Phosphodiesterases
Creators: name: Ke, Hengming
name: Kim, Myung K.
name: Baar, Keith
name: Williams, Tishan
name: Park, Sung Jun
name: Taussig, Ronald
name: Manganiello, Vincent
name: Brown, Alexandra L.
name: Burgin, Alex B.
name: Luo, Haibin
name: Beaven, Michael A.
name: Philp, Andrew
name: Chung, Jay H.
name: Ahmad, Faiyaz
name: Rehmann, Holger
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Resveratrol, a polyphenol in red wine, has been reported as a calorie restriction mimetic with potential antiaging and antidiabetogenic properties. It is widely consumed as a nutritional supplement, but its mechanism of action remains a mystery. Here, we report that the metabolic effects of resveratrol result from competitive inhibition of cAMP-degrading phosphodiesterases, leading to elevated cAMP levels. The resulting activation of Epac1, a cAMP effector protein, increases intracellular Ca2+ levels and activates the CamKKβ-AMPK pathway via phospholipase C and the ryanodine receptor Ca2+-release channel. As a consequence, resveratrol increases NAD+ and the activity of Sirt1. Inhibiting PDE4 with rolipram reproduces all of the metabolic benefits of resveratrol, including prevention of diet-induced obesity and an increase in mitochondrial function, physical stamina, and glucose tolerance in mice. Therefore, administration of PDE4 inhibitors may also protect against and ameliorate the symptoms of metabolic diseases associated with aging.
Koordination und Projektsteuerung: Was umfasst Maßnahme TA5M1?
Creators: name: Ebert, Barbara
name: Kostadinov, Ivaylo
name: Glöckner, Frank Oliver
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: AllHands4Biodiv
NFDI4Biodiversity

description: Im Rahmen der NFDI4Biodiversity All Hands Conference vom 12.-14. Oktober 2022 stellt sich die Projektkoordination (Task Area 5, Measure 1) vor und bietet einen Überblick über die Projektsteuerung.
title: Clinical evaluation of CNN models for MRI-based breast lesion segmentation
Creators: name: Rahimpour, Masoomeh
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Breast
subject: Oncology
subject: MR
subject: Neural networks
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Localisation
subject: Segmentation
subject: Cancer

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Since manual segmentation is time-consuming and prone to inter-observer variability, automatic and robust segmentation of breast lesions is essential for monitoring disease progression. In this study, we evaluated the performance of Convolutional...
(401706) Robert Lamb Ravenscraig
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
$\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric photonic lattices with type-II Dirac cones
Creators: name: Tang, Qian
name: Belić, Milivoj R.
name: Zhong, Hua
name: Cao, Meng
name: Li, Yongdong
name: Zhang, Yiqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The type-II Dirac cone is a special feature of the band structure, whose Fermi level is represented by a pair of crossing lines. It has been demonstrated that such a structure is useful for investigating topological edge solitons, and more specifically, for mimicking the Kline tunneling. However, it is still not clear what the interplay between type-II Dirac cones and the non-Hermiticity mechanism will result in. Here, this question is addressed; in particular, we report the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric photonic lattices with type-II Dirac cones for the first time. We identify a slope-exceptional ring and name it the type-II exceptional ring. We display the restoration of the $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry of the lattice by reducing the separation between the sites in the unit cell. Curiously, the amplitude of the beam during propagation in the non-Hermitian lattice with $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry only decays because of diffraction, whereas in the $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry-broken lattice it will be amplified, even though the beam still diffracts. This work establishes the link between the non-Hermiticity mechanism and the violation of Lorentz invariance in these physical systems.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Optics Letters. Comments are welcome
Site-Specific Silencing of Regulatory Elements as a Mechanism of X Inactivation
Creators: name: Song, Lingyun
name: Crawford, Gregory E.
name: Sun, Wei
name: Mieczkowski, Piotr
name: Williams, Lucy
name: Starmer, Joshua
name: Mugford, Joshua W.
name: Magnuson, Terry
name: Calabrese, J. Mauro
name: Yee, Della
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The inactive X chromosome’s (Xi) physical territory is microscopically devoid of transcriptional hallmarks and enriched in silencing-associated modifications. How these microscopic signatures relate to specific Xi sequence is unknown. Therefore, we profiled Xi gene expression and chromatin states at high resolution via allele-specific sequencing in mouse trophoblast stem cells. Most notably, X-inactivated transcription start sites harbored distinct epigenetic signatures relative to surrounding Xi DNA. These sites displayed H3-lysine27-trimethylation enrichment and DNaseI hypersensitivity, similar to autosomal Polycomb targets, yet excluded Pol II and other transcriptional hallmarks, similar to non-transcribed genes. CTCF bound X-inactivated and escaping genes, irrespective of measured chromatin boundaries. Escape from X-inactivation occurred within, and X-inactivation was maintained exterior to, the area encompassed by Xist in cells subject to imprinted and random X-inactivation. The data support a model whereby inactivation of specific regulatory elements, rather than a simple chromosome-wide separation from transcription machinery, governs gene silencing over the Xi.
title: Inflammatory breast carcinoma: clinical, radiological and pathological features
Creators: name: Correia, Paulo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Mammography
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Biopsy
subject: Staging
subject: Cancer

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To review the epidemiology and clinical presentation of inflammatory breast carcinoma. To present the imaging and pathologic features of inflammatory breast carcinoma, and its main differential...
Monitoring Tumorigenesis and Senescence In Vivo with a p16INK4a-Luciferase Model
Creators: name: Sharpless, Norman E.
name: Darr, David B.
name: Castrillon, Diego H.
name: Sorrentino, Jessica A.
name: Krishnamurthy, Janakiraman
name: Deal, Allison M.
name: Clark, Kelly S.
name: Bardeesy, Nabeel
name: Burd, Christin E.
name: Beach, David H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Monitoring cancer and aging in vivo remains experimentally challenging. Here, we describe a luciferase knockin mouse (p16LUC), which faithfully reports expression of p16INK4a, a tumor suppressor and aging biomarker. Lifelong assessment of luminescence in p16+/LUC mice revealed an exponential increase with aging, which was highly variable in a cohort of contemporaneously housed, syngeneic mice. Expression of p16INK4a with aging did not predict cancer development, suggesting that the accumulation of senescent cells is not a principal determinant of cancer-related death. In 14 of 14 tested tumor models, expression of p16LUC was focally activated by early neoplastic events, enabling visualization of tumors with sensitivity exceeding other imaging modalities. Activation of p16INK4a was noted in the emerging neoplasm and surrounding stromal cells. This work suggests that p16INK4a activation is a characteristic of all emerging cancers, making the p16LUC allele a sensitive, unbiased reporter of neoplastic transformation.
title: Mycotic vs Inflammatory Aneurysms, Cruces Hospital Case Review.
Creators: name: Arteche Arnaiz, Iskander
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Vascular
subject: CT
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Aneurysms

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The objective is to define the different types of aneurysms that exist, to know the differences between these and the characteristic radiological findings of each one by exposing some cases seen in Hospital Universitario de Cruces. The cases...
Neutrino mass determination using circulating heavy ions
Creators: name: Yoshimura, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study process of radiative neutrino pair emission $|e\rangle \rightarrow |g \rangle + γ+ν\barν$ from coherently excited heavy ions (quantum mixture of two ionic states, the ground and an excited states) in circular motion. Determination of the neutrino mass is found to be possible with simultaneous detection of the photon and one of neutrinos in the pair down to the level of the smallest neutrino mass of order 5 meV in the three flavor scheme.
description: Program bugs of numerical computations corrected to change some of conclusions. 10 pages, 4 figures
title: Standardization of AI technologies for clinical medicine – Russian experience
Creators: name: Akhmad, Kate
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Plain radiographic studies
subject: Audit and standards
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Education and training
subject: Quality assurance

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The goal of this work is to develop a standardized approach to the assessment, development, and use of software as medical devices based on artificial intelligence (AI-SaMD). This is necessary for any AI-SaMD to be a high-quality, safe, and...
(401703) Francis Gebbie
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Dissecting the roles of local packing density and longer-range effects in protein sequence evolution
Creators: name: Shahmoradi, Amir
name: Wilke, Claus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: What are the structural determinants of protein sequence evolution? A number of site-specific structural characteristics have been proposed, most of which are broadly related to either the density of contacts or the solvent accessibility of individual residues. Most importantly, there has been disagreement in the literature over the relative importance of solvent accessibility and local packing density for explaining site-specific sequence variability in proteins. We show here that this discussion has been confounded by the definition of local packing density. The most commonly used measures of local packing, such as the contact number and the weighted contact number, represent by definition the combined effects of local packing density and longer-range effects. As an alternative, we here propose a truly local measure of packing density around a single residue, based on the Voronoi cell volume. We show that the Voronoi cell volume, when calculated relative to the geometric center of amino-acid side chains, behaves nearly identically to the relative solvent accessibility, and both can explain, on average, approximately 34\% of the site-specific variation in evolutionary rate in a data set of 209 enzymes. An additional 10\% of variation can be explained by non-local effects that are captured in the weighted contact number. Consequently, evolutionary variation at a site is determined by the combined action of the immediate amino-acid neighbors of that site and of effects mediated by more distant amino acids. We conclude that instead of contrasting solvent accessibility and local packing density, future research should emphasize the relative importance of immediate contacts and longer-range effects on evolutionary variation.
description: Published in the Journal of Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/prot.25034/full
Strong converse theorems using Rényi entropies
Creators: name: Leditzky, Felix
name: Wilde, Mark M.
name: Datta, Nilanjana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a Rényi entropy method to prove strong converse theorems for certain information-theoretic tasks which involve local operations and quantum or classical communication between two parties. These include state redistribution, coherent state merging, quantum state splitting, measurement compression with quantum side information, randomness extraction against quantum side information, and data compression with quantum side information. The method we employ in proving these results extends ideas developed by Sharma [arXiv:1404.5940], which he used to give a new proof of the strong converse theorem for state merging. For state redistribution, we prove the strong converse property for the boundary of the entire achievable rate region in the $(e,q)$-plane, where $e$ and $q$ denote the entanglement cost and quantum communication cost, respectively. In the case of measurement compression with quantum side information, we prove a strong converse theorem for the classical communication cost, which is a new result extending the previously known weak converse. For the remaining tasks, we provide new proofs for strong converse theorems previously established using smooth entropies. For each task, we obtain the strong converse theorem from explicit bounds on the figure of merit of the task in terms of a Rényi generalization of the optimal rate. Hence, we identify candidates for the strong converse exponents for each task discussed in this paper. To prove our results, we establish various new entropic inequalities, which might be of independent interest. These involve conditional entropies and mutual information derived from the sandwiched Rényi divergence. In particular, we obtain novel bounds relating these quantities, as well as the Rényi conditional mutual information, to the fidelity of two quantum states.
description: 40 pages, 5 figures; v4: Accepted for publication in Journal of Mathematical Physics
title: On your knees. Anterior knee pain and disorders
Creators: name: Quintana Blanco, David
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Anatomy
subject: CT
subject: Education
subject: Acute

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: -Remember the anterior anatomic structures of the knee -Explain different conditions affecting the anterior knee -Show the imaging findings of each...
ปัจจัยเชิงสาเหตุที่มีอิทธิพลต่อความพึงพอใจในการสั่งอาหารบนแอปพลิเคชันไลน์แมนของผู้บริโภคในเขตกรุงเทพมหานครและปริมณฑล
Creators: name: สุมามาลย์ ปานคำ
Publisher: name: สำนักหอสมุด มหาวิทยาลัยรังสิต
Year: 2565
Subjects: ความพึงพอใจของลูกค้า
แอปพลิเคชันไลน์แมน

description: วารสารรังสิตสารสนเทศ, 28, 2, 113-128
Nearly-Tight Bounds for Flow Sparsifiers in Quasi-Bipartite Graphs
Creators: name: Das, Syamantak
name: Kumar, Nikhil
name: Vaz, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Flow sparsification is a classic graph compression technique which, given a capacitated graph $G$ on $k$ terminals, aims to construct another capacitated graph $H$, called a flow sparsifier, that preserves, either exactly or approximately, every multicommodity flow between terminals (ideally, with size as a small function of $k$). Cut sparsifiers are a restricted variant of flow sparsifiers which are only required to preserve maximum flows between bipartitions of the terminal set. It is known that exact cut sparsifiers require $2^{Ω(k)}$ many vertices [Krauthgamer and Rika, SODA 2013], with the hard instances being quasi-bipartite graphs, where there are no edges between non-terminals. On the other hand, it has been shown recently that exact (or even $(1+\varepsilon)$-approximate) flow sparsifiers on networks with just 6 terminals require unbounded size [Krauthgamer and Mosenzon, SODA 2023, Chen and Tan, SODA 2024].
 In this paper, we construct exact flow sparsifiers of size $3^{k^{3}}$ and exact cut sparsifiers of size $2^{k^2}$ for quasi-bipartite graphs. In particular, the flow sparsifiers are contraction-based, that is, they are obtained from the input graph by (vertex) contraction operations. Our main contribution is a new technique to construct sparsifiers that exploits connections to polyhedral geometry, and that can be generalized to graphs with a small separator that separates the graph into small components. We also give an improved reduction theorem for graphs of bounded treewidth [Andoni et al., SODA 2011], implying a flow sparsifier of size $O(k\cdot w)$ and quality $O\bigl(\frac{\log w}{\log \log w}\bigr)$, where $w$ is the treewidth.
Beware of Validation by Eye: Visual Validation of Linear Trends in Scatterplots
Creators: name: Braun, Daniel
name: Chang, Remco
name: Gleicher, Michael
name: von Landesberger, Tatiana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Visual validation of regression models in scatterplots is a common practice for assessing model quality, yet its efficacy remains unquantified. We conducted two empirical experiments to investigate individuals' ability to visually validate linear regression models (linear trends) and to examine the impact of common visualization designs on validation quality. The first experiment showed that the level of accuracy for visual estimation of slope (i.e., fitting a line to data) is higher than for visual validation of slope (i.e., accepting a shown line). Notably, we found bias toward slopes that are "too steep" in both cases. This lead to novel insights that participants naturally assessed regression with orthogonal distances between the points and the line (i.e., ODR regression) rather than the common vertical distances (OLS regression). In the second experiment, we investigated whether incorporating common designs for regression visualization (error lines, bounding boxes, and confidence intervals) would improve visual validation. Even though error lines reduced validation bias, results failed to show the desired improvements in accuracy for any design. Overall, our findings suggest caution in using visual model validation for linear trends in scatterplots.
description: Preprint and Author Version of a Full Paper, accepted to the 2024 IEEE Visualization Conference (VIS)
(401704) Peter Keid
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: ‘UK radiographers’ and radiotherapists’ perceptions and expectations of AI in radiology – current status and future developments’
Creators: name: Rainey, Clare
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Professional issues
subject: Radiographers
subject: Neural networks
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Education
subject: Education and training

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is already present in clinical radiography [1][2][3]. With increasing patient numbers, increased demand anticipated in diagnostic radiology post COVID-19, and associated clinician burn-out, it can be expected that...
title: Quantifying traumatic pneumothorax risk – are simple 2D measurements on axial CT slices a good estimation of overall pneumothorax volume?
Creators: name: Asghar, Sunna
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Emergency
subject: Lung
subject: CT
subject: Segmentation
subject: Trauma

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Chest imaging forms a vital part of the emergency department (ED) assessment of any major trauma patient. With the majority of patients in a supine position however, chest radiograph imaging is often of suboptimal quality and a pneumothorax can be...
Effects of GaAs buffer layer on quantum anomalous Hall insulator Vy(BixSb1-x)2-yTe3
Creators: name: Nakazawa, Yusuke
name: Akiho, Takafumi
name: Kanisawa, Kiyoshi
name: Irie, Hiroshi
name: Kumada, Norio
name: Muraki, Koji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the growth, structural characterization, and transport properties of the quantum anomalous Hall insulator Vy(BixSb1-x)2-yTe3 (VBST) grown on a GaAs buffer layer by molecular beam epitaxy on a GaAs(111)A substrate. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy show that the implementation of a GaAs buffer layer improves the crystal and interface quality compared to the control sample grown directly on an InP substrate. Both samples exhibit the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE), but with similar thermal stability despite the different structural properties. Notably, the QAHE in the sample grown on a GaAs buffer layer displays a significantly larger (almost double) coercive field with a much smaller resistivity peak at the magnetization reversal. Possible effects of the interface quality on the magnetic properties of VBST and the QAHE are discussed.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures. The following article has been accepted by Applied Physics Letter. After it is published, it will be found at https://pubs.aip.org/aip/apl
title: The timing of contrast enhancement and of blood flow reactivation after the withdrawal of bevacizumab during anti-relapse therapy of gliomas 3-4 Grade.
Creators: name: Smirnova, Alina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: CNS
subject: Contrast agents
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Chemotherapy
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Biological effects
subject: Drugs / Reactions

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: To identify patterns and evaluate the restoration of blood flow and contrast enhancement in the treatment of gliomas 3-4 Grade relapse after discontinuation of antiangiogenic...
Measuring integrated information from the decoding perspective
Creators: name: Oizumi, Masafumi
name: Amari, Shun-ichi
name: Yanagawa, Toru
name: Fujii, Naotaka
name: Tsuchiya, Naotsugu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accumulating evidence indicates that the capacity to integrate information in the brain is a prerequisite for consciousness. Integrated Information Theory (IIT) of consciousness provides a mathematical approach to quantifying the information integrated in a system, called integrated information, $Φ$. Integrated information is defined theoretically as the amount of information a system generates as a whole, above and beyond the sum of the amount of information its parts independently generate. IIT predicts that the amount of integrated information in the brain should reflect levels of consciousness. Empirical evaluation of this theory requires computing integrated information from neural data acquired from experiments, although difficulties with using the original measure $Φ$ precludes such computations. Although some practical measures have been previously proposed, we found that these measures fail to satisfy the theoretical requirements as a measure of integrated information. Measures of integrated information should satisfy the lower and upper bounds as follows: The lower bound of integrated information should be 0 when the system does not generate information (no information) or when the system comprises independent parts (no integration). The upper bound of integrated information is the amount of information generated by the whole system and is realized when the amount of information generated independently by its parts equals to 0. Here we derive the novel practical measure $Φ^*$ by introducing a concept of mismatched decoding developed from information theory. We show that $Φ^*$ is properly bounded from below and above, as required, as a measure of integrated information. We derive the analytical expression $Φ^*$ under the Gaussian assumption, which makes it readily applicable to experimental data.
(401699) Ernest Harold Sturge
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Assessment of treatment response in hepatocellular carcinoma: m-RECIST and LI-RADS criteria
Creators: name: García García, Patricia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Liver
subject: Oncology
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Ablation procedures
subject: Chemoembolisation
subject: Radioembolisation
subject: Cancer
subject: Neoplasia

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: We show the usual imaging findings after treatment, local or systemic, of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), according to m-RECIST and LI-RADS...
Reciprocal Encoding of Signal Intensity and Duration in a Glucose-Sensing Circuit
Creators: name: Phan, Nguyen G.
name: Lim, Sungmin
name: Fu, Yan
name: Tunc-Ozdemir, Meral
name: Elston, Timothy C.
name: Urano, Daisuke
name: Jones, Alan M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Cells continuously adjust their behavior in response to changing environmental conditions. Both intensity and duration of external signals are critical factors in determining what response is initiated. To understand how intracellular signaling networks process such multidimensional information, we studied the AtRGS1-mediated glucose response system of Arabidopsis. By combining experiments with mathematical modeling, we discovered a reciprocal dose and duration response relying on the orchestrated action of three kinases (AtWNK1, AtWNK8, AtWNK10) acting on distinct time scales and activation thresholds. Specifically, we find that high concentrations of D-glucose rapidly signal through AtWNK8 and AtWNK10, whereas low, sustained sugar concentration slowly activate the pathway through AtWNK1, allowing the cells to respond similarly to transient, high-intensity signals, and sustained low-intensity signals. This “dose-duration reciprocity” allows encoding of both the intensity and persistence of glucose as an important energy resource and signaling molecule.
title: Assessment of scatter radiation in the shielding of radiography procedures
Creators: name: Almeida, Rui
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Professional issues
subject: Radiographers
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Dosimetry
subject: Experimental investigations
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Dosimetric comparison
subject: Education and training
subject: Quality assurance

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Scattered radiation is the largest contributor to patient dose and the main cause for stochastic effects (1-3). Evaluate the use of radiological protections and attenuating materials depending on the scattered radiation which the patient is subject,...
(401700) Herbert Broadbent
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Polyakov--Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model in finite volumes
Creators: name: Bhattacharyya, Abhijit
name: Ghosh, Sanjay K.
name: Ray, Rajarshi
name: Saha, Kinkar
name: Upadhaya, Sudipa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the 2+1 flavor Polyakov loop enhanced Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model in a finite volume. The main objective is to check the volume scaling of thermodynamic observables for various temperatures and chemical potentials. We observe the possible violation of the scaling with system size in a considerable window along the whole transition region in the $T-μ_q$ plane.
title: Sneddon syndrome shown by MRI
Creators: name: Rodríguez Jiménez, Javier
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR
subject: MR-Angiography
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Blood
subject: Embolism / Thrombosis

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Sneddon syndrome (SS) is an uncommon disorder that is characterised by neurological and dermatological symptoms. Neurological symptoms in SS range from headache, vertigo, stroke, transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) and dementia. Dermatological...