cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Branching Fraction and Direct CP Asymmetry in B0-->rho0 pi0 Decays
Creators: name: The Belle Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a measurement of the decay B0 --> rho0 pi0, using 386 x 10^6 BB-bar pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider. We detect 51^{+14}_{-13} signal events with a significance of 4.2 standard deviations, including systematic uncertainties, and measure the branching fraction to be B(B0 --> rho0 pi0) = (3.12^{+0.88}_{-0.82} (stat) +/- 0.33 (syst) ^{+0.50}_{-0.68} (model)) x 10^{-6}. We also perform the first measurement of direct CP violating asymmetry in this mode.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted in Physical Review D
The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Fathizadeh, Hadis
name: Milajerdi, Alireza
name: Reiner, Željko
name: Kolahdooz, Fariba
name: Asemi, Zatollah
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: L-carnitine
glycemic control
insulin resistance
meta-analysis

description: The findings of trials investigating the effect of L-carnitine administration on glycemic control are controversial. This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to explore the effects of L-carnitine intake on glycemic control. Two authors independently searched electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed and Google scholar from 1990 until February 2019, in order to find relevant RCTs. 37 studies with 44 effect sizes met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for the meta-analysis. L-carnitine supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (WMD: -4.57; 95 % CI: -6.88, -2.25), insulin (WMD: -1.21; 95 % CI: 1.85, -0.57), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD: -0.67; 95 % CI: 0.90, -0.44) and HbA1C concentrations (WMD: -0.30; 95 % CI: -0.47, -0.13). L-Carnitine supplementation significantly reduced FPG, insulin, HOMA-IR, and HbA1c levels.
description: EXCLI Journal; 18:Doc631; ISSN 1611-2156
Photonic dissipation control for Kerr soliton generation in strongly Raman-active media
Creators: name: Gong, Zheng
name: Li, Ming
name: Liu, Xianwen
name: Xu, Yuntao
name: Lu, Juanjuan
name: Bruch, Alexander
name: Surya, Joshua B.
name: Zou, Changling
name: Tang, Hong X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microcavity solitons enable miniaturized coherent frequency comb sources. However, the formation of microcavity solitons can be disrupted by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), particularly in the emerging crystalline microcomb materials with high Raman gain. Here, we propose and implement dissipation control---tailoring the energy dissipation of selected cavity modes---to purposely raise/lower the threshold of Raman lasing in a strongly Raman-active lithium niobate microring resonator, and realize on-demand soliton mode-locking or Raman lasing. Numerical simulations are carried out to confirm our analyses and agree well with experiment results. Our work demonstrates an effective approach to address strong SRS for microcavity soliton generation.
The AstraZeneca-Sanger DREAM synergy prediction challenge
Creators: name: Menden, Michael Patrick
name: Wang, Dennis
name: Chaibub-Neto, Elias
name: Sock, Jang In
name: Ghazoui, Zara
name: Yu, Thomas
name: Veroli, Giovanni Di
name: Stolovitzky, Gustavo
name: Guinney, Justin
name: Dry, Jonathan
name: Saez-Rodriguez, Julio
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: In the last 20 years targeted therapies and personalized treatments have been the most promising assets to treat cancer. However, the success is often lessened by secondary resistance. As a solution to increase the therapeutic search space and to overcome resistance, combinations of drugs are currently extensively investigated. A major current limitation is the lack of effective strategies to search the virtually intractable combinatorial space. To tackle this issue and advance the development of combinatorial therapies DREAM, Sage Bionetworks and AstraZeneca are jointly hosting a drug combination challenge, which is open to the scientific community to participate.

The challenge aims to address two specific questions: (i) to predict synergies in cancer cell lines from molecular data, and (ii) to identify biomarkers that discriminate between synergistic and non-synergistic behaviors. Towards this goal, AstraZeneca provides a combinational cell line screening, which comprehends a total of ~11.5k experimental tested drug combinations, as well as all mono therapies as baselines. The previous DREAM drug combination challenge focused on ~100 experimental tested combinations and explored synergy signatures based on before and after treatment gene expression. Besides the smaller scale, those signatures are not practical/ethical to retrieve from patients. In addition our proposed challenge focus on revealing mechanistic insights from any biomarker selection and model build. By providing a framework where any group in the world can participate, and whereby methods can be evaluated in an unbiased and double-blinded way, we aim to move forward in this complex problem of discovering novel and effective drug combinations.
Here we present results from the first challenge round and will show glimpses of knowledge gained in this crowed-sourcing drug combination challenge.
The Hamburg/ESO R-process Enhanced Star survey (HERES) II. Spectroscopic analysis of the survey sample
Creators: name: Barklem, P. S.
name: Christlieb, N.
name: Beers, T. C.
name: Hill, V.
name: Bessell, M. S.
name: Holmberg, J.
name: Marsteller, B.
name: Rossi, S.
name: Zickgraf, F. -J.
name: Reimers, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of analysis of ``snapshot'' spectra of 253 metal-poor halo stars -3.8 < [Fe/H] < -1.5 obtained in the HERES survey. The spectra are analysed using an automated line profile analysis method based on the Spectroscopy Made Easy codes of Valenti & Piskunov. Elemental abundances of moderate precision have been obtained for 22 elements, C, Mg, Al, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, and Eu, where detectable. Among the sample of 253 stars, we find 8 r-II stars and 35 r-I stars. We also find three stars with strong enhancements of Eu which are s-process rich. A significant number of new very metal-poor stars are confirmed: 49 stars with [Fe/H] < -3 and 181 stars with -3 < [Fe/H] < -2. We find one star with [Fe/H] < -3.5. We find the scatter in the abundance ratios of Mg, Ca, Sc, Ti, Cr, Fe, Co, and Ni, with respect to Fe and Mg, to be similar to the estimated relative errors and thus the cosmic scatter to be small, perhaps even non-existent. The elements C, Sr, Y, Ba and Eu, and perhaps Zr, show scatter at [Fe/H] < -2.5 significantly larger than can be explained from the errors in the analysis, implying scatter which is cosmic in origin. Significant scatter is observed in abundance ratios between light and heavy neutron-capture elements at low metallicity and low levels of r-process enrichment. (*** abridged ***)
description: Accepted for A&A; 31 pages, 2 electronic tables presently available at http://www.astro.uu.se/~barklem/papers/heres_tables.tar.gz ; Minor corrections added
From Molecular Dynamics to hydrodynamics - a novel Galilean invariant thermostat
Creators: name: Stoyanov, Simeon D.
name: Groot, Robert D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article proposes a novel thermostat applicable to any particle-based dynamic simulation. Each pair of particles is thermostated either (with probability P) with a pairwise Lowe-Andersen thermostat, or (with probability 1-P) with a thermostat that is introduced here, which is based on a pairwise interaction similar to the Nose-Hoover thermostat. When the pairwise Nose-Hoover thermostat dominates (low P), the liquid has a high diffusion coefficient and low viscosity, but when the Lowe-Andersen thermostat dominates, the diffusion coefficient is low and viscosity is high. This novel Nose-Hoover-Lowe-Andersen thermostat is Galilean invariant and preserves both total linear and angular momentum of the system, due to the fact that the thermostatic forces between each pair of the particles are pairwise additive and central. We show by simulation that this thermostat also preserves hydrodynamics. For the (non-interacting) ideal gas at P=0, the diffusion coefficient diverges and viscosity is zero, while for P>0 it has a finite value. By adjusting probability P, the Schmidt number can be varied by orders of magnitude. The temperature deviation from the required value is at least an order of magnitude smaller than in Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD), while the equilibrium properties of the system are very well reproduced. Applications of this thermostat include all standard molecular dynamic simulations of dense liquids and solids with any type of force field, as well as hydrodynamic simulation of multi-phase systems with largely different bulk viscosities, including surface viscosity, and of dilute gases and plasmas.
Die Christengemeinschaft - Signale an die deutsche Ökumene
Creators: name: Höfener, Hartmut
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 42 Nr. 3 (1993): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 42, Heft 3
Cosmic-ray transport and gamma-ray emission in M31
Creators: name: Do, Audrey
name: Duong, Matthew
name: McDaniel, Alex
name: O'Connor, Collin
name: Profumo, Stefano
name: Rafael, Justine
name: Sweeney, Connor
name: Vera, Washington
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility that an extended cosmic-ray leptonic and/or hadronic halo is at the origin of the large-scale gamma-ray emission detected from the Andromeda Galaxy (M31). We consider a broad ensemble of non-homogeneous diffusion scenarios and of cosmic-ray injection sources. We find that cosmic-ray electrons and protons could be, and very likely are, responsible for part, or all, of the gamma-ray emission from M31, including out to more than 100 kpc from the center of the galaxy. We also simulate possible emission from pulsars in M31, and consider the effect of regions of highly inefficient diffusion around cosmic-ray acceleration sites, as suggested by recent TeV halo observations with Cherenkov telescopes.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, to be submitted
Continuity properties of transport coefficients in simple maps
Creators: name: Keller, Gerhard
name: Howard, Phil J.
name: Klages, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37E05;82C70; 37M25

description: We consider families of dynamics that can be described in terms of Perron-Frobenius operators with exponential mixing properties. For piecewise C^2 expanding interval maps we rigorously prove continuity properties of the drift J(l) and of the diffusion coefficient D(l) under parameter variation. Our main result is that D(l) has a modulus of continuity of order O(|dl||log|dl|)^2), i.e. D(l) is Lipschitz continuous up to quadratic logarithmic corrections. For a special class of piecewise linear maps we provide more precise estimates at specific parameter values. Our analytical findings are verified numerically for the latter class of maps by using exact formulas for the transport coefficients. We numerically observe strong local variations of all continuity properties.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures. Submitted for publication
title: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 12, Issue 12, 2022
Creators: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Table of Contents
subject: Frontmatter

description: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 12, Issue 12, 2022
description: DagRep, Volume 12, Issue 12, pages i-ii
Beams of electromagnetic radiation carrying angular momentum: The Riemann-Silberstein vector and the classical-quantum correspondence
Creators: name: Bialynicki-Birula, Iwo
name: Bialynicka-Birula, Zofia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All beams of electromagnetic radiation are made of photons. Therefore, it is important to find a precise relationship between the classical properties of the beam and the quantum characteristics of the photons that make a particular beam. It is shown that this relationship is best expressed in terms of the Riemann-Silberstein vector -- a complex combination of the electric and magnetic field vectors -- that plays the role of the photon wave function. The Whittaker representation of this vector in terms of a single complex function satisfying the wave equation greatly simplifies the analysis. Bessel beams, exact Laguerre-Gauss beams, and other related beams of electromagnetic radiation can be described in a unified fashion. The appropriate photon quantum numbers for these beams are identified. Special emphasis is put on the angular momentum of a single photon and its connection with the angular momentum of the beam.
description: To be published in the special issue of Optics Communications honoring Bruce Shore
Quantifying Sources of Uncertainty in Deep Learning-Based Image Reconstruction
Creators: name: Barbano, Riccardo
name: Kereta, Željko
name: Zhang, Chen
name: Hauptmann, Andreas
name: Arridge, Simon
name: Jin, Bangti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Image reconstruction methods based on deep neural networks have shown outstanding performance, equalling or exceeding the state-of-the-art results of conventional approaches, but often do not provide uncertainty information about the reconstruction. In this work we propose a scalable and efficient framework to simultaneously quantify aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties in learned iterative image reconstruction. We build on a Bayesian deep gradient descent method for quantifying epistemic uncertainty, and incorporate the heteroscedastic variance of the noise to account for the aleatoric uncertainty. We show that our method exhibits competitive performance against conventional benchmarks for computed tomography with both sparse view and limited angle data. The estimated uncertainty captures the variability in the reconstructions, caused by the restricted measurement model, and by missing information, due to the limited angle geometry.
Optical properties of massive anisotropic tilted Dirac systems
Creators: name: Mojarro, M. A.
name: Carrillo-Bastos, R.
name: Maytorena, Jesús A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the effect of valley-contrasting gaps in the optical response of two-dimensional anisotropic tilted Dirac systems. We study the spectrum of intraband and interband transitions through the joint density of states (JDOS), the optical conductivity tensor, and the Drude spectral weight. The energy bands present an indirect gap in each valley. Thus a new possibility opens for the position of the Fermi level (an ``indirect zone''), and for the momentum space for allowed transitions. The JDOS near each gap displays a set of three van Hove singularities which are in contrast to the case of gapped graphene (an absorption edge only) or 8-$Pmmn$ borophene (two interband critical points due to the tilt). For the Fermi level lying in the gap, the JDOS shows the usual linear dependence on frequency, while when above an indirect zone it looks similar to the borophene case. These spectral characteristics determine the prominent structure of the optical conductivity. The longitudinal conductivity illustrates the strong anisotropy of the optical response. Similarly, the Drude weight is anisotropic and shows regions of nonlinear dependence on the Fermi level. The breaking of valley symmetry leads to a finite Hall response and associated optical properties. The anomalous and valley Hall conductivities present graphene-like behavior with characteristic modifications due to the indirect zones. Almost perfect circular dichroism can be achieved by tuning the exciting frequency with an appropriate Fermi level position. We also calculate the spectra of optical opacity and polarization rotation, which can reach magnitudes of tenths of radians in some cases. The spectral features of the calculated response properties are signatures of the simultaneous presence of tilt and mass and suggest optical ways to determine the formation of different gaps in such class of Dirac systems.
description: 22 pages. 14 figures
$X(3872)\to J/ψπ^+π^-$ and $X(3872)\to J/ψπ^+π^-π^0$ decay widths from QCD sum rules
Creators: name: Navarra, F. S.
name: Nielsen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New spectroscopy from the B factories, the advent of CLEO-c and the BES upgrade renewed the interest in charmonia. Among the new measurements, the state X(3872) has received special attention due to its unexpected properties. Its structure has been studied with different theoretical approaches, most of them being able to reproduce the measured mass. A further test for the theoretical descriptions of the X(3872) is to explain its narrow decay width. In this work we address the decays $X\to J/ψπ^+π^-π^0$ and $X\to J/ψπ^+ π^-$, using QCD sum rules with the hypothesis that $X$ is a four quark state.
description: 1 figure added. Version accepted for publication at Phys. Lett. B
Alternative possibility of GW190521: Gravitational waves from high-mass black hole-disk systems
Creators: name: Shibata, Masaru
name: Kiuchi, Kenta
name: Fujibayashi, Sho
name: Sekiguchi, Yuichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evolve high-mass disks of mass $15$-$50M_\odot$ orbiting a $50M_\odot$ spinning black hole in the framework of numerical relativity. Such high-mass systems could be an outcome during the collapse of rapidly-rotating very-massive stars. The massive disks are dynamically unstable to the so-called one-armed spiral-shape deformation with the maximum fractional density-perturbation of $δρ/ρ\gtrsim 0.1$, and hence, high-amplitude gravitational waves are emitted. The waveforms are characterized by an initial high-amplitude burst with the frequency of $\sim 40$-$50$ Hz and the maximum amplitude of $(1$-$10)\times 10^{-22}$ at the hypothetical distance of 100 Mpc and by a subsequent low-amplitude quasi-periodic oscillation. We illustrate that the waveforms in our models with a wide range of the disk mass resemble that of GW190521. We also point out that gravitational waves from rapidly-rotating very-massive stars can be the source for 3rd-generation gravitational-wave detectors for exploring the formation process of rapidly-spinning high-mass black holes of mass $\sim 50$-$100M_\odot$ in an early universe.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures. Published in PRD
title: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 13, Issue 1, 2023
Creators: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Table of Contents
subject: Frontmatter

description: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 13, Issue 1, 2023
description: DagRep, Volume 13, Issue 1, pages i-ii
Chirped nonlinear resonant states in femtosecond fiber optics
Creators: name: Pathania, Shailza
name: Goyal, Amit
name: Raju, Thokala Soloman
name: Kumar, C. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show the existence of nonlinear resonant states in a higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger model that appertains to the wave propagation in femtosecond fiber optics, under certain parametric regime. These nonlinear resonant states are analytically illustrated in terms of Gaussian beams, Airy beams, and periodic beams that resulted due to the presence of quadratic, linear, and constant type of `smart' potentials, respectively, of the ensuing model. Interestingly, the nonlinear chirp associated with each of these novel resonant states can be efficiently controlled, by varying the self-steepening term and self-frequency shift. Furthermore, we have conducted numerical experiments corroborative of our analytical predictions.
description: 14 Pages, 9 figures
Submillimeter Imaging of RCS022434-0002.5: Intense Activity in a High-Redshift Cluster?
Creators: name: Webb, T. M. A.
name: Yee, H. K. C.
name: Ivison, R. J.
name: Hoekstra, H.
name: Gladders, M. D.
name: Barrientos, L. F.
name: Hsieh, B. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present deep 850micron imaging of the z=0.773 strong lensing galaxy cluster RCSJ022434-0002.5 from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey (RCS). These data are part of a larger submillimeter survey of RCS clusters, with SCUBA on the JCMT. We find five objects at 850micron, all of which are also detected at either 1.4-GHz, 450micron or both. The number density of objects in this field is in general agreement with the blank-field source counts; however, when combined with other cluster surveys a general tendency of cluster fields towards higher submm number densities is seen, which may be the result of unrecognized submillimeter luminous cluster galaxies. Primarily employing optical photometric redshifts we show that two of the five submillimeter galaxies in this field are consistent with being cluster members, while two are more likely background systems.
description: 11 pages, accepted for publication in ApJ
Observations of Early Optical Afterglows
Creators: name: Roming, Peter W. A.
name: Mason, Keith O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Swift Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) has performed extensive follow-up on 71 Swift Burst Alert Telescope triggered gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in its first ten months of operations. In this paper, we discuss some of the UV and optical properties of UVOT detected afterglows such as XRF 050406, the bright GRB 050525A, the high redshift GRB 050730, the early flaring GRB 050801, and others. We also discuss some of the implications of why 75% of GRB afterglows observed by UVOT in less than one hour are "dark."
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the 16th Annual Astrophysics Conference in Maryland "Gamma Ray Bursts in the Swift Era," Washington, DC, November 29 - December 2, 2005
Autonomous implementation of thermodynamic cycles at the nanoscale
Creators: name: Strasberg, Philipp
name: Wächtler, Christopher W.
name: Schaller, Gernot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are two paradigms to study nanoscale engines in stochastic and quantum thermodynamics. Autonomous models, which do not rely on any external time-dependence, and models that make use of time-dependent control fields, often combined with dividing the control protocol into idealized strokes of a thermodynamic cycle. While the latter paradigm offers theoretical simplifications, its utility in practice has been questioned due to the involved approximations. Here, we bridge the two paradigms by constructing an autonomous model, which implements a thermodynamic cycle in a certain parameter regime. This effect is made possible by self-oscillations, realized in our model by the well studied electron shuttling mechanism. Based on experimentally realistic values, we find that a thermodynamic cycle analysis for a single-electron working fluid is {\it not} justified, but a few-electron working fluid could suffice to justify it. Furthermore, additional open challenges remain to autonomously implement the more studied Carnot and Otto cycles.
description: Improved presentation and extended Appendix; accepted by PRL
On the infrared freezing of perturbative QCD in the Minkowskian region
Creators: name: Caprini, Irinel
name: Fischer, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The infrared freezing of observables is known to hold at fixed orders of perturbative QCD if the Minkowskian quantities are defined through the analytic continuation from the Euclidean region. In a recent paper [1] it is claimed that infrared freezing can be proved also for Borel resummed all-orders quantities in perturbative QCD. In the present paper we obtain the Minkowskian quantities by the analytic continuation of the all-orders Euclidean amplitudes expressed in terms of the inverse Mellin transform of the corresponding Borel functions [2]. Our result shows that if the principle of analytic continuation is preserved in Borel-type resummations, the Minkowskian quantities exhibit a divergent increase in the infrared regime, which contradicts the claim made in [1]. We discuss the arguments given in [1] and show that the special redefinition of Borel summation at low energies adopted there does not reproduce the lowest order result obtained by analytic continuation.
description: 19 pages, 1 figure
Diffusion-related lifetime of indirect excitons in diamond
Creators: name: Konishi, K.
name: Akimoto, I.
name: Isberg, J.
name: Naka, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the lifetime of indirect excitons in extremely high purity diamond grown by the chemical vapor deposition method. A clear correlation is found between the lifetime and small strain (magnitude $< $10$^{-4}$) assessed using birefringence, thanks to the effective absence of impurity traps. A surface recombination model, extended for nonradiative recombination at dislocations due to exciton diffusion, is proposed to explain the temperature-dependent lifetime. Based on the derived radiative lifetime, our model enables the prediction of lifetimes at any temperature as well as the highest achievable internal quantum efficiency of exciton luminescence in diamond, which can generally be applicable to a wide range of materials with high exciton binding energies.
Signatures of the BCS-BEC crossover in the yrast spectra of Fermi quantum rings
Creators: name: Ebling, Ulrich
name: Alavi, Ali
name: Brand, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study properties of the lowest energy states at non-zero total momentum (yrast states) of the Hubbard model for spin-1/2 fermions in the quantum ring configuration with attractive on-site interaction at low density. In the one-dimensional (1D) case we solve the Hubbard model using the Bethe ansatz, while for the crossover into the 2D regime we use the Full-Configuration-Interaction Quantum Monte-Carlo method (FCIQMC) to obtain the yrast states for the spin-balanced Fermi system. We show how the yrast excitation spectrum changes from the 1D to the 2D regime and how pairing affects the yrast spectra. We also find signatures of fragmented condensation for certain yrast states usually associated with dark solitons.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Finding It at Another Side: A Viewpoint-Adapted Matching Encoder for Change Captioning
Creators: name: Shi, Xiangxi
name: Yang, Xu
name: Gu, Jiuxiang
name: Joty, Shafiq
name: Cai, Jianfei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Change Captioning is a task that aims to describe the difference between images with natural language. Most existing methods treat this problem as a difference judgment without the existence of distractors, such as viewpoint changes. However, in practice, viewpoint changes happen often and can overwhelm the semantic difference to be described. In this paper, we propose a novel visual encoder to explicitly distinguish viewpoint changes from semantic changes in the change captioning task. Moreover, we further simulate the attention preference of humans and propose a novel reinforcement learning process to fine-tune the attention directly with language evaluation rewards. Extensive experimental results show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches by a large margin in both Spot-the-Diff and CLEVR-Change datasets.
Heuristic Domain Adaptation
Creators: name: Cui, Shuhao
name: Jin, Xuan
name: Wang, Shuhui
name: He, Yuan
name: Huang, Qingming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In visual domain adaptation (DA), separating the domain-specific characteristics from the domain-invariant representations is an ill-posed problem. Existing methods apply different kinds of priors or directly minimize the domain discrepancy to address this problem, which lack flexibility in handling real-world situations. Another research pipeline expresses the domain-specific information as a gradual transferring process, which tends to be suboptimal in accurately removing the domain-specific properties. In this paper, we address the modeling of domain-invariant and domain-specific information from the heuristic search perspective. We identify the characteristics in the existing representations that lead to larger domain discrepancy as the heuristic representations. With the guidance of heuristic representations, we formulate a principled framework of Heuristic Domain Adaptation (HDA) with well-founded theoretical guarantees. To perform HDA, the cosine similarity scores and independence measurements between domain-invariant and domain-specific representations are cast into the constraints at the initial and final states during the learning procedure. Similar to the final condition of heuristic search, we further derive a constraint enforcing the final range of heuristic network output to be small. Accordingly, we propose Heuristic Domain Adaptation Network (HDAN), which explicitly learns the domain-invariant and domain-specific representations with the above mentioned constraints. Extensive experiments show that HDAN has exceeded state-of-the-art on unsupervised DA, multi-source DA and semi-supervised DA. The code is available at https://github.com/cuishuhao/HDA.
Self-Organized Control of Irregular or Perturbed Network Traffic
Creators: name: Helbing, Dirk
name: Lämmer, Stefan
name: Lebacque, Jean-Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a fluid-dynamic model for the simulation of urban traffic networks with road sections of different lengths and capacities. The model allows one to efficiently simulate the transitions between free and congested traffic, taking into account congestion-responsive traffic assignment and adaptive traffic control. We observe dynamic traffic patterns which significantly depend on the respective network topology. Synchronization is only one interesting example and implies the emergence of green waves. In this connection, we will discuss adaptive strategies of traffic light control which can considerably improve throughputs and travel times, using self-organization principles based on local interactions between vehicles and traffic lights. Similar adaptive control principles can be applied to other queueing networks such as production systems. In fact, we suggest to turn push operation of traffic systems into pull operation: By removing vehicles as fast as possible from the network, queuing effects can be most efficiently avoided. The proposed control concept can utilize the cheap sensor technologies available in the future and leads to reasonable operation modes. It is flexible, adaptive, robust, and decentralized rather than based on precalculated signal plans and a vulnerable traffic control center.
title: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 13, Issue 2, 2023
Creators: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Table of Contents
subject: Frontmatter

description: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 13, Issue 2, 2023
description: DagRep, Volume 13, Issue 2, pages i-ii
LHC/ILC Interplay in SUSY Searches
Creators: name: Moortgat-Pick, Gudrid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combined analyses at the Large Hadron Collider and at the International Linear Collider are important to reveal precisely the new physics model as, for instance, supersymmetry. Examples are presented where ILC results as input for LHC analyses could be crucial for the identification of signals as well as of the underlying model. The synergy of both colliders leads also to rather accurate SUSY parameter determination and powerful mass constraints even if the scalar particles have masses in the multi-TeV range.
description: 5 pages, contribution to the proceedings of EPS07
Rotational Resonances and Regge Trajectories in Lightly Doped Antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Bohrdt, A.
name: Demler, E.
name: Grusdt, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the nature of charge carriers in doped Mott insulators holds the key to unravelling puzzling properties of strongly correlated electron systems, including cuprate superconductors. Several theoretical models suggested that dopants can be understood as bound states of partons, the analogues of quarks in high-energy physics. However, direct signatures of spinon-chargon bound states are lacking, both in experiment and theory. Here we numerically identify long-lived rotational resonances at low doping, which directly reveal the microscopic structure of spinon-chargon bound states. Similar to Regge trajectories reflecting the quark structure of mesons, we establish a linear dependence of the rotational energy on the super-exchange coupling. Rotational excitations are strongly suppressed in standard angle-resolved photo-emission (ARPES) spectra, but we propose a multi-photon rotational extension of ARPES where they have strong spectral weight. Our findings suggest that multi-photon spectroscopy experiments should provide new insights into emergent universal features of strongly correlated electron systems.
description: 12 pages, 10 pages supplementary, 12 figures
Optimal spin-entangled electron-hole pair pump
Creators: name: Beenakker, C. W. J.
name: Titov, M.
name: Trauzettel, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A nonperturbative theory is presented for the creation by an oscillating potential of spin-entangled electron-hole pairs in the Fermi sea. In the weak potential limit, considered earlier by Samuelsson and Buttiker, the entanglement production is much less than one bit per cycle. We demonstrate that a strong potential oscillation can produce an average of one Bell pair per two cycles, making it an efficient source of entangled flying qubits.
description: 6 pages including 1 figure -- Two appendices contain material that is not in the Journal version: A) Gaussian elimination for fermions; B) class of optimal pump cycles
Ultracold Superstrings in atomic boson-fermion mixtures
Creators: name: Snoek, Michiel
name: Haque, Masudul
name: Vandoren, S.
name: Stoof, H. T. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a setup with ultracold atomic gases that can be used to make a nonrelativistic superstring in four spacetime dimensions. In particular, we consider for the creation of the superstring a fermionic atomic gas that is trapped in the core of a vortex in a Bose-Einstein condensate. We explain the required tuning of experimental parameters to achieve supersymmetry between the fermionic atoms and the bosonic modes describing the oscillations in the vortex position. Furthermore, we discuss the experimental consequences of supersymmetry.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; published version
Species lifetime distribution for simple models of ecologies
Creators: name: Pigolotti, S.
name: Flammini, A.
name: Marsili, M.
name: Maritan, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Interpretation of empirical results based on a taxa's lifetime distribution shows apparently conflicting results. Species' lifetime is reported to be exponentially distributed, whereas higher order taxa, such as families or genera, follow a broader distribution, compatible with power law decay. We show that both these evidences are consistent with a simple evolutionary model that does not require specific assumptions on species interaction. The model provides a zero-order description of the dynamics of ecological communities and its species lifetime distribution can be computed exactly. Different behaviors are found: an initial $t^{-3/2}$ power law, emerging from a random walk type of dynamics, which crosses over to a steeper $t^{-2}$ branching process-like regime and finally is cutoff by an exponential decay which becomes weaker and weaker as the total population increases. Sampling effects can also be taken into account and shown to be relevant: if species in the fossil record were sampled according to the Fisher log-series distribution, lifetime should be distributed according to a $t^{-1}$ power law. Such variability of behaviors in a simple model, combined with the scarcity of data available, cast serious doubts on the possibility to validate theories of evolution on the basis of species lifetime data.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures
Konziliarer Prozeß - christliche Ärztinnen und Ärzte unterwegs für Gerechtigkeit, Frieden und Bewahrung der Schöpfung
Creators: name: Börngen, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 42 Nr. 3 (1993): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 42, Heft 3
Estimating ages and metallicities of M31 star clusters from LAMOST DR6
Creators: name: Wang, Shoucheng
name: Chen, Bingqiu
name: Ma, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Determining the metallicities and ages of M31 clusters is fundamental to the study of the formation and evolution of M31 itself. The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) has carried out a systematic spectroscopic campaign of clusters and candidates in M31. Aims. We constructed a catalogue of 346 M31 clusters observed by LAMOST. By combining the information of the LAMOST spectra and the multi-band photometry, we developed a new algorithm to estimate the metallicities and ages of these clusters. Methods. We distinguish young clusters from old using random forest classifiers based on a empirical training data set selected from the literature. Ages of young clusters are derived from the spectral energy distribution (SED) fits of their multi-band photometric measurements. Their metallicities are estimated by fitting their observed spectral principal components extracted from the LAMOST spectra with those from the young metal-rich single stellar population (SSP) models. For old clusters, we built non-parameter random forest models between the spectral principal components and/or multi-band colours and the parameters of the clusters based on a training data set constructed from the SSP models. The ages and metallicities of the old clusters are then estimated by fitting their observed spectral principal components extracted from the LAMOST spectra and multi-band colours from the photometric measurements with the resultant random forest models. Results. We derived parameters of 53 young and 293 old clusters in our catalogue. Our resultant parameters are in good agreement with those from the literature. The ages of about 30 catalogued clusters and metallicities of about 40 sources are derived for the first time.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Building on a living heritage : adaptive reuse of a railyard roundhouse
Creators: name: Gordon-Findlay, Barbara Lynn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The reuse of existing buildings designed for a specific purpose that has become obsolete is an activity increasingly relevant in today's society. At one end of the spectrum is the complete obliteration of historical artifacts to make way for new development. At the other end is the preservation of an instant in time held eternally distant as a museum. The body of effort expended in the 1970's resulted in much commendable legislation to protect our heritage. However, the original intentions are often lost in practice when buildings become either museum pieces or caricatures of themselves in an effort to attract tourists. There is no question of the didactic value of the museum but our economic resources to support the extensive restoration work that is often necessary are limited. Furthermore, our built heritage can offer more than a hands-off visual record. Historic buildings can be adapted and lived in and contribute more to the experience of our heritage as a continuum extending beyond our past and into our future. The architectural strategies for layering our history into an experience of the present can be applied to new construction so that all our buildings can become part of an enduring, yet simultaneously ever-changing, architectural heritage.
Physics reach of a long-lived particle detector at Belle II
Creators: name: Dreyer, Sascha
name: Ferber, Torben
name: Filimonova, Anastasiia
name: Garcia-Cely, Camilo
name: Hearty, Christopher
name: Longo, Savino
name: Schäfer, Ruth
name: Schmidt-Hoberg, Kai
name: Tammaro, Michele
name: Trabelsi, Karim
name: Westhoff, Susanne
name: Zupan, Jure
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: particle: long-lived
meson: decay
far detector: design
tau: decay
BELLE
new physics
lepton
buildings
CEPC
dark matter: density
acceptance
benchmark
ILC Coll
geometry
confinement
FCC-ee
background
photon
electron positron
axion-like particles

description: We have studied three realistic benchmark geometries for a new far detector GAZELLE to search for long-lived particles at the \superkekb accelerator in Tsukuba, Japan. The new detector would be housed in the same building as Belle II and observe the same $e^+e^-$ collisions. To assess the discovery reach of GAZELLE, we have investigated three new physics models that predict long-lived particles: heavy neutral leptons produced in tau lepton decays, axion-like particles produced in $B$ meson decays, and new scalars produced in association with a dark photon, as motivated by inelastic dark matter. We do not find significant gains in the new physics discovery reach of GAZELLE compared to the Belle II projections for the same final states. The main reasons are the practical limitations on the angular acceptance and size of GAZELLE, effectively making it at most comparable to Belle II, even though backgrounds in the far detector could be reduced to low rates. A far detector for long-lived particles would be well motivated in the case of a discovery by Belle II, since decays inside GAZELLE would facilitate studies of the decay products. Depending on the placement of GAZELLE, searches for light long-lived particles produced in the forward direction or signals of a confining hidden force could also benefit from such a far detector. Our general findings could help guide the design of far detectors at future electron-positron colliders such as the ILC, FCC-ee or CEPC.
title: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 13, Issue 3, 2023
Creators: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Table of Contents
subject: Frontmatter

description: Dagstuhl Reports, Table of Contents, Volume 13, Issue 3, 2023
description: DagRep, Volume 13, Issue 3, pages i-ii
Challenge of polarized beams at future colliders
Creators: name: Moortgat-Pick, G.
name: Bailey, I. R.
name: Barber, D. P.
name: Baynham, E.
name: Birch, A.
name: Bradshaw, T.
name: Brummitt, A.
name: Carr, S.
name: Clarke, J. A.
name: Cooke, P.
name: Dainton, J. B.
name: Hartin, T.
name: Ivanyushenkov, Y.
name: Jenner, L. J.
name: Lintern, A.
name: Malysheva, L. I.
name: Malyshev, O. B.
name: Rochford, J.
name: Riemann, S.
name: Schälicke, A.
name: Schmid, P.
name: Scott, D. J.
name: Ushakov, A.
name: Zang, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A short overview about the potential of polarized beams at future colliders is given. In particular the baseline design for polarized beams at the ILC is presented and the physics case for polarized $e^-$ and $e^+$ is discussed. In order to fulfil the precision requirements spin tracking from the source to the interaction point is needed. Updates concerning the theoretical calculations as well as their implementation in simulation codes are reported.
description: 5 pages, contribution to the proceedings of EPS07