cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On relating one-way classical and quantum communication complexities
Creators: name: Boddu, Naresh Goud
name: Jain, Rahul
name: Lin, Han-Hsuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Communication complexity is the amount of communication needed to compute a function when the function inputs are distributed over multiple parties. In its simplest form, one-way communication complexity, Alice and Bob compute a function $f(x,y)$, where $x$ is given to Alice and $y$ is given to Bob, and only one message from Alice to Bob is allowed. A fundamental question in quantum information is the relationship between one-way quantum and classical communication complexities, i.e., how much shorter the message can be if Alice is sending a quantum state instead of bit strings? We make some progress towards this question with the following results. Let $f: \mathcal{X} \times \mathcal{Y} \rightarrow \mathcal{Z} \cup \{\bot\}$ be a partial function and $μ$ be a distribution with support contained in $f^{-1}(\mathcal{Z})$. Denote $d=|\mathcal{Z}|$. Let $\mathsf{R}^{1,μ}_ε(f)$ be the classical one-way communication complexity of $f$; $\mathsf{Q}^{1,μ}_ε(f)$ be the quantum one-way communication complexity of $f$ and $\mathsf{Q}^{1,μ, *}_ε(f)$ be the entanglement-assisted quantum one-way communication complexity of $f$, each with distributional error (average error over $μ$) at most $ε$. We show: 1) If $μ$ is a product distribution, $η> 0$ and $0 \leq ε\leq 1-1/d$, then, $$\mathsf{R}^{1,μ}_{2ε-dε^2/(d-1)+ η}(f) \leq 2\mathsf{Q}^{1,μ, *}_ε(f) + O(\log\log (1/η))\enspace.$$ 2)If $μ$ is a non-product distribution and $\mathcal{Z}=\{ 0,1\}$, then $\forall ε, η> 0$ such that $ε/η+ η< 0.5$, $$\mathsf{R}^{1,μ}_{3η}(f) = O(\mathsf{Q}^{1,μ}_{ε}(f) \cdot \mathsf{CS}(f)/η^3)\enspace,$$ where \[\mathsf{CS}(f) = \max_{y} \min_{z\in\{0,1\}} \vert \{x~|~f(x,y)=z\} \vert \enspace.\]
Simulation of two dimensional quantum systems on an infinite lattice revisited: corner transfer matrix for tensor contraction
Creators: name: Orus, Roman
name: Vidal, Guifre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An extension of the projected entangled-pair states (PEPS) algorithm to infinite systems, known as the iPEPS algorithm, was recently proposed to compute the ground state of quantum systems on an infinite two-dimensional lattice. Here we investigate a modification of the iPEPS algorithm, where the environment is computed using the corner transfer matrix renormalization group (CTMRG) method, instead of using one-dimensional transfer matrix methods as in the original proposal. We describe a variant of the CTMRG that addresses different directions of the lattice independently, and use it combined with imaginary time evolution to compute the ground state of the two-dimensional quantum Ising model. Near criticality, the modified iPEPS algorithm is seen to provide a better estimation of the order parameter and correlators.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, revised version, accepted in PRB
Projections of Earth's Technosphere: Luminosity and Mass as Limits to Growth
Creators: name: Haqq-Misra, Jacob
name: Vidal, Clément
name: Profitiliotis, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Earth remains the only known example of a planet with technology, and future projections of Earth's trajectory provide a basis and motivation for approaching the search for extraterrestrial technospheres. Conventional approaches toward projecting Earth's technosphere include applications of the Kardashev scale, which suggest the possibility that energy-intensive civilizations may expand to harness the entire energy output available to their planet, host star, or even the entire galaxy. In this study, we argue that the Kardashev scale is better understood as a "luminosity limit" that describes the maximum capacity for a civilization to harvest luminous stellar energy across a given spatial domain, and we note that thermodynamic efficiency will always keep a luminosity-limited technosphere from actually reaching this theoretical limit. We suggest the possibility that an advanced technosphere might evolve beyond this luminosity limit to draw its energy directly from harvesting stellar mass, and we also discuss possible trajectories that could exist between Earth today and such hypothetical "stellivores." We develop a framework to describe trajectories for long-lived technospheres that optimize their growth strategies between exploration and exploitation, unlike Earth today. We note that analyses of compact accreting stars could provide ways to test the stellivore hypothesis, and we more broadly suggest an expansion of technosignature search strategies beyond those that reside exactly at the luminosity limit.
description: Accepted for publication in Acta Astronautica
Supersonic Downflows in a Sunspot Light Bridge
Creators: name: Louis, Rohan Eugene
name: Rubio, Luis R. Bellot
name: Mathew, Shibu K.
name: Venkatakrishnan, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of supersonic downflows in a sunspot light bridge using measurements taken with the spectropolarimeter on board the Hinode satellite. The downflows occur in small patches close to regions where the vector magnetic field changes orientation rapidly, and are associated with anomalous circular polarization profiles. An inversion of the observed Stokes spectra reveals velocities of up to 10 km/s, making them the strongest photospheric flows ever measured in light bridges. Some (but not all) of the downflowing patches are cospatial and cotemporal with brightness enhancements in chromospheric Ca II H filtergrams. We suggest that these flows are due to magnetic reconnection in the upper photosphere/lower chromosphere, although other mechanisms cannot be ruled out.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, Published in ApJ Letters
Universal equilibration dynamics of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model
Creators: name: Bandyopadhyay, Soumik
name: Uhrich, Philipp
name: Paviglianiti, Alessio
name: Hauke, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Equilibrium quantum many-body systems in the vicinity of phase transitions generically manifest universality. In contrast, limited knowledge has been gained on possible universal characteristics in the non-equilibrium evolution of systems in quantum critical phases. In this context, universality is generically attributed to the insensitivity of observables to the microscopic system parameters and initial conditions. Here, we present such a universal feature in the equilibration dynamics of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) Hamiltonian -- a paradigmatic system of disordered, all-to-all interacting fermions that has been designed as a phenomenological description of quantum critical regions. We drive the system far away from equilibrium by performing a global quench, and track how its ensemble average relaxes to a steady state. Employing state-of-the-art numerical simulations for the exact evolution, we reveal that the disorder-averaged evolution of few-body observables, including the quantum Fisher information and low-order moments of local operators, exhibit within numerical resolution a universal equilibration process. Under a straightforward rescaling, data that correspond to different initial states collapse onto a universal curve, which can be well approximated by a Gaussian throughout large parts of the evolution. To reveal the physics behind this process, we formulate a general theoretical framework based on the Novikov--Furutsu theorem. This framework extracts the disorder-averaged dynamics of a many-body system as an effective dissipative evolution, and can have applications beyond this work. The exact non-Markovian evolution of the SYK ensemble is very well captured by Bourret--Markov approximations, which contrary to common lore become justified thanks to the extreme chaoticity of the system, and universality is revealed in a spectral analysis of the corresponding Liouvillian.
description: 24 pages, 13 figures
A universally consistent learning rule with a universally monotone error
Creators: name: Pestov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a universally consistent learning rule whose expected error is monotone non-increasing with the sample size under every data distribution. The question of existence of such rules was brought up in 1996 by Devroye, Györfi and Lugosi (who called them "smart"). Our rule is fully deterministic, a data-dependent partitioning rule constructed in an arbitrary domain (a standard Borel space) using a cyclic order. The central idea is to only partition at each step those cyclic intervals that exhibit a sufficient empirical diversity of labels, thus avoiding a region where the error function is convex.
description: latex, 27 pp., 4 figures, to appear in JMLR. The version, reformatted in the JMLR style, incorporates a number of remarks by two anonymous referees that have helped to fix some confusing passages and make the paper more readable
Epistemological Letters 23
Creators: name: Bonsack, F.
name: Hussain, F.
name: Costa de Beauregard, O.
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2023

description: Issue 23 is a written symposium on the foundations of quantum physics, edited by François Bonsack, Abner Shimony, and others. It was published and distributed to a limited mailing list by Association Ferdinand Gonseth.
Correlation function for the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model at quarter filling
Creators: name: Nishimoto, S.
name: Tsuchiizu, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the density-density correlation function in the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid state for the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model with the on-site Coulomb repulsion $U$ and the intersite repulsion $V$ at quarter filling. By taking into account the effect of the marginally irrelevant umklapp scattering operator by utilizing the renormalization-group technique based on the bosonization method, we obtain the generalized analytical form of the correlation function. We show that, in the proximity to the gapped charge-ordered phase, the correlation function exhibits anomalous crossover between the pure power-law behavior and the power-law behavior with logarithmic corrections, depending on the length scale. Such a crossover is also confirmed by the highly-accurate numerical density-matrix renormalization group method.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
On the dynamics of non-autonomous systems in a~neighborhood of a~homoclinic trajectory
Creators: name: Calamai, Alessandro
name: Franca, Matteo
name: Pospisil, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34C37, 34A36, 34D10, 37G20, 37C60

description: This article is devoted to the study of a $2$-dimensional piecewise smooth (but possibly) discontinuous dynamical system, subject to a non-autonomous perturbation; we assume that the unperturbed system admits a homoclinic trajectory $\vecγ(t)$. Our aim is to analyze the dynamics in a neighborhood of $\vecγ(t)$ as the perturbation is turned on, by defining a Poincaré map and evaluating fly time and space displacement of trajectories performing a loop close to $\vecγ(t)$.
 Besides their intrinsic mathematical interest, these results can be thought of as a first step in the analysis of several interesting problems, such as the stability of a homoclinic trajectory of a non-autonomous ODE and a possible extension of Melnikov chaos to a discontinuous setting.
description: 62 pages, 11 figures
Continuous majorization in quantum phase space
Creators: name: Van Herstraeten, Zacharie
name: Jabbour, Michael G.
name: Cerf, Nicolas J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the role of majorization theory in quantum phase space. To this purpose, we restrict ourselves to quantum states with positive Wigner functions and show that the continuous version of majorization theory provides an elegant and very natural approach to exploring the information-theoretic properties of Wigner functions in phase space. After identifying all Gaussian pure states as equivalent in the precise sense of continuous majorization, which can be understood in light of Hudson's theorem, we conjecture a fundamental majorization relation: any positive Wigner function is majorized by the Wigner function of a Gaussian pure state (especially, the bosonic vacuum state or ground state of the harmonic oscillator). As a consequence, any Schur-concave function of the Wigner function is lower bounded by the value it takes for the vacuum state. This implies in turn that the Wigner entropy is lower bounded by its value for the vacuum state, while the converse is notably not true. Our main result is then to prove this fundamental majorization relation for a relevant subset of Wigner-positive quantum states which are mixtures of the three lowest eigenstates of the harmonic oscillator. Beyond that, the conjecture is also supported by numerical evidence. We conclude by discussing some implications of this conjecture in the context of entropic uncertainty relations in phase space.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures; v2: several improvements and addition of Appendix C (version accepted in Quantum)
Adsorption Trajectories and Free-Energy Separatrices for Colloidal Particles in Contact with a Liquid-Liquid Interface
Creators: name: de Graaf, J.
name: Dijkstra, M.
name: van Roij, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the recently developed triangular tessellation technique as presented in [J. de Graaf et al., Phys. Rev. E 80, 051405 (2009)] to calculate the free energy associated with the adsorption of anisotropic colloidal particles at a flat interface. From the free-energy landscape, we analyze the adsorption process, using a simplified version of Langevin dynamics. The present result is a first step to understand the time-dependent behavior of colloids near interfaces. This study shows a wide range of adsorption trajectories, where the emphasis lies on a strong dependence of the dynamics on the orientation of the colloid at initial contact with the interface. We believe that the observed orientational dependence in our simple model can be recovered in suitable experimental systems.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Double Machine Learning and Automated Confounder Selection -- A Cautionary Tale
Creators: name: Hünermund, Paul
name: Louw, Beyers
name: Caspi, Itamar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Double machine learning (DML) has become an increasingly popular tool for automated variable selection in high-dimensional settings. Even though the ability to deal with a large number of potential covariates can render selection-on-observables assumptions more plausible, there is at the same time a growing risk that endogenous variables are included, which would lead to the violation of conditional independence. This paper demonstrates that DML is very sensitive to the inclusion of only a few "bad controls" in the covariate space. The resulting bias varies with the nature of the theoretical causal model, which raises concerns about the feasibility of selecting control variables in a data-driven way.
description: v4: published version
Central Nervous System Tuberculosis(Tuberculomas) in Association with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Creators: name: Karki, Suman
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Lung
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CT
subject: Plain radiographic studies
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Infection

description: Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
description: male, 50 years
description: Clinical History: This is a case of 49 years old male presented with 2 weeks history of fever, cough, poor appetite, lethargic, headache and insomnia. Due to persistence of symptoms sought a consultation. On day of admission patient was presented with altered sensorium and... Final Diagnosis: Central Nervous System Tuberculosis(Tuberculomas) in Association with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
title: Distribution, bioaccessibility and human health risks of toxic metals in peri-urban topsoils of the Kumasi Metropolis
Creators: name: Konwuruk, Niib
name: Sheringham Borquaye, Lawrence
name: Darko, Godfred
name: Dodd, Matt
Publisher: name: Scientific African
Year: 2021
Subjects: Soil contamination
Risk assessment

description: This article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. The version of record is available at https://doi-org.ezproxy.royalroads.ca/10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00701.
description: The occurrence of heavy metals in urban soils is of great environmental concern due to the unwanted health effect associated with their excessive exposure. The study assessed levels of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, V, and Zn) in peri-urban communities of the Kumasi metropolis and evaluated sources and potential health risk associated with exposure to these metals. Soil samples collected from topsoils at a depth of 0–10 cm were subjected to x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy analysis for total metal quantification. The XRF results were then confirmed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Soil pH, conductivity, and total organic carbon were determined using standard procedures. The mean concentrations (mg/kg) of metals were As (10.11), Cd (12.91), Cr (77.97), Cu (20.20), Fe (23031), Pb (18.60), Mn (158.68), Ni (29.33), Sn (8.83), V (78.21) and Zn (49.27). The pH and electrical conductivity were in a range of 6.5 - 8.5 and 153 - 8990 μS/cm respectively. The mean total organic carbon was 8.85%. Pollution indicators such as enrichment factor, contamination factor, and pollution load index all showed that soil in the study area is of low degree of contamination. The potential ecological risk index projected a low-risk effect. In contrast, the hazard index and carcinogenic risk index indicated no significant human health risk associated with exposure to the metals presently. However, to regulate bioaccumulation effects, constant monitoring is essential.
Entanglement of coupled massive scalar field in background of dilaton black hole
Creators: name: Wang, Jieci
name: Pan, Qiyuan
name: Chen, Songbai
name: Jing, Jiliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The entanglement of the coupled massive scalar field in the spacetime of a Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger(GHS) dilaton black hole has been investigated. It is found that the entanglement does not depend on the mass of the particle and the coupling between the scalar field and the gravitational field, but it decreases as the dilaton parameter $D$ increases. It is interesting to note that in the limit of $D\to M$, corresponding to the case of an extreme black hole, the state has no longer distillable entanglement for any state parameter $α$, but the mutual information equals to a nonvanishing minimum value, which indicates that the total correlations consist of classical correlations plus bound entanglement in this limit.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, Accepted by PLB
Characterisation, biophysical modelling and monetary valuation of urban nature‐based solutions as a support tool for urban planning and landscape design
Creators: name: Babi Almenar, Javier
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Annexes of the PhD Thesis: Characterisation, biophysical modelling and monetary valuation of urban nature‐based solutions as a support tool for urban planning and landscape design Author: Javier Babí Almenar
Infinite superlinear growth of the gradient for the two-dimensional Euler equation
Creators: name: Denisov, Sergey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q31

description: For two-dimensional Euler equation on the torus, we prove that the uniform norm of the gradient can grow superlinearly for some infinitely smooth initial data. We also show the exponential growth of the gradient for the finite time.
Additional file 2 of Interventions and practices using Comfort Theory of Kolcaba to promote adults’ comfort: an evidence and gap map protocol of international effectiveness studies
Creators: name: Lin, Yanxia
name: Zhou, Yi
name: Chen, Can
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Coding form.
HtmlRAG: HTML is Better Than Plain Text for Modeling Retrieved Knowledge in RAG Systems
Creators: name: Tan, Jiejun
name: Dou, Zhicheng
name: Wang, Wen
name: Wang, Mang
name: Chen, Weipeng
name: Wen, Ji-Rong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been shown to improve knowledge capabilities and alleviate the hallucination problem of LLMs. The Web is a major source of external knowledge used in RAG systems, and many commercial RAG systems have used Web search engines as their major retrieval systems. Typically, such RAG systems retrieve search results, download HTML sources of the results, and then extract plain texts from the HTML sources. Plain text documents or chunks are fed into the LLMs to augment the generation. However, much of the structural and semantic information inherent in HTML, such as headings and table structures, is lost during this plain-text-based RAG process. To alleviate this problem, we propose HtmlRAG, which uses HTML instead of plain text as the format of retrieved knowledge in RAG. We believe HTML is better than plain text in modeling knowledge in external documents, and most LLMs possess robust capacities to understand HTML. However, utilizing HTML presents new challenges. HTML contains additional content such as tags, JavaScript, and CSS specifications, which bring extra input tokens and noise to the RAG system. To address this issue, we propose HTML cleaning, compression, and a two-step block-tree-based pruning strategy, to shorten the HTML while minimizing the loss of information. Experiments on six QA datasets confirm the superiority of using HTML in RAG systems.
description: Accepted by WWW 2025 main conference. Repo: https://github.com/plageon/HtmlRAG
Complete $SE(3)$ invariants for a comeagre set of $C^3$ compact orientable surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^3$
Creators: name: Hayut, Yair
name: Lehavi, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14L24 53A05

description: We introduce invariants for compact $C^1$-orientable surfaces (with boundary) in $\mathbb{R}^3$ up to rigid transformations. Our invariants are certain degree four polynomials in the moments of the delta function of the surface. We give an effective and numerically stable inversion algorithm for retrieving the surface from the invariants, which works on a comeagre subset of $C^3$-surfaces.
description: added examples and a related questions section
Analytic properties of the scattering amplitude for interaction via nonlocal potentials
Creators: name: Davis, Ronald Stuart
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The derivation of a partial-wave amplitude for scattering by a separable, nonlocal potential given by MCMillan in Nuovo Cimento 29, 4153 (1963) is reviewed. Using his results, an exact expression for the amplitude is derived for a potential of the form -g V(r)V(r¹), where V(r) = ra e-μr , and its analytic properties are studied. The asymptotic behaviour of the amplitude as |ℓ| → ∞ (where ℓ is the usual angular-momentum parameter) is derived, and is shown to permit a Sommerfeld-Watson transformation to be performed on the series expression for the total scattering amplitude in terms of the partial-wave amplitudes. By means of this transformation, a double-dispersion relation is derived for the total amplitude in both the complex-energy and complex-cos θ planes. Explicit forms are derived for the weight functions, and the convergence of the integrals involved is studied. In addition to the usual branch cuts along the positive, real energy and cos θ axes, an extra cut along the negative , real energy axis is found which is not present for the local case. Its origin is traced to the fact that the Wronskian of two solutions of the nonlocal radical Schroedinger equation is not necessarily a constant, as it is in the purely local case; and to the conditions necessary to ensure convergence of the extra integral in the nonlocal Schroedinger equation.
Tutorial on Neutron Physics in Dosimetry
Creators: name: Pomp, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Almost since the time of the discovery of the neutron more than 70 years ago, efforts have been made to understand the effects of neutron radiation on tissue and, eventually, to use neutrons for cancer treatment. In contrast to charged particle or photon radiations which directly lead to release of electrons, neutrons interact with the nucleus and induce emission of several different types of charged particles such as protons, alpha particles or heavier ions. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of the neutron-nucleus interaction is necessary for dose calculations and treatment planning with the needed accuracy. We will discuss the concepts of dose and kerma, neutron-nucleus interactions and have a brief look at nuclear data needs and experimental facilities and set-ups where such data are measured.
description: Invited talk at the 11th Neutron and Ion Dosimetry Symposium NEUDOS-11, October 11-16, 2009, Cape Town, South Africa. 14 pages, 8 figures; submitted to Radiation Measurements
Intrinsic ferroelectricity in Y-doped HfO2 thin films
Creators: name: Yun, Yu
name: Buragohain, Pratyush
name: Li, Ming
name: Ahmadi, Zahra
name: Zhang, Yizhi
name: Li, Xin
name: Wang, Haohan
name: Tao, Lingling
name: Wang, Haiyan
name: Shield, Jeffrey E.
name: Tsymbal, Evgeny Y.
name: Gruverman, Alexei
name: Xu, Xiaoshan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ferroelectric HfO2-based materials hold great potential for widespread integration of ferroelectricity into modern electronics due to their robust ferroelectric properties at the nanoscale and compatibility with the existing Si technology. Earlier work indicated that the nanometer crystal grain size was crucial for stabilization of the ferroelectric phase of hafnia. This constraint caused high density of unavoidable structural defects of the HfO2-based ferroelectrics, obscuring the intrinsic ferroelectricity inherited from the crystal space group of bulk HfO2. Here, we demonstrate the intrinsic ferroelectricity in Y-doped HfO2 films of high crystallinity. Contrary to the common expectation, we show that in the 5% Y-doped HfO2 epitaxial thin films, high crystallinity enhances the spontaneous polarization up to a record-high 50 μC/cm2 value at room temperature. The high spontaneous polarization persists at reduced temperature, with polarization values consistent with our theoretical predictions, indicating the dominant contribution from the intrinsic ferroelectricity. The crystal structure of these films reveals the Pca21 orthorhombic phase with a small rhombohedral distortion, underlining the role of the anisotropic stress and strain. These results open a pathway to controlling the intrinsic ferroelectricity in the HfO2-based materials and optimizing their performance in applications.
Sustainability and Carbon Emissions of Future Accelerators
Creators: name: Bloom, Kenneth
name: Boisvert, Véronique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Future accelerators and experiments for energy-frontier particle physics will be built and operated during a period in which society must also address the climate change emergency by significantly reducing emissions of carbon dioxide. The carbon intensity of many particle-physics activities is potentially significant, such that as a community particle physicists could create substantially more emissions than average citizens, which is currently more than budgeted to limit the increase in average global temperatures. We estimate the carbon impacts of potential future accelerators, detectors, computing, and travel, and find that while emissions from civil construction dominate by far, some other activities make noticeable contributions. We discuss potential mitigation strategies, and research and development activities that can be pursued to make particle physics more sustainable.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures, invited contribution to Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science for publication in 2025. This version has small modifications in response to reviewer comments
Multiwavelength perspective of AGN evolution
Creators: name: Fiore, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Discovering and studying obscured AGN at z>1-3 is important not only to complete the AGN census, but also because they can pinpoint galaxies where nuclear accretion and star-formation are coeval, and mark the onset of AGN feedback. We present the latest results on the characterization of z=1-3 galaxies selected for their high mid-infrared to optical flux ratio, showing that they are massive and strongly star-forming galaxies, and that many do host highly obscured AGN. We present a pilot program to push the search of moderately obscured AGN up to z=5-6 and discuss the perspectives of this line of research.
description: Invited talk at the conference: X-Ray Astronomy 2009, Present Status, multiwavelength approach and future perspectives, September 2009, Bologna
NG-Ultra validation and on-board processing board development
Creators: name: Notebaert, Olivier
name: Latouche, Gilles
name: Benoit Leroy
name: Russeil, Simon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: obdp
obdp2021
on-board processing

description: The need for a significant increase of the on-board data processing performance/power ratio with higher flexibility in space systems is asserted for several years already. The assigned targets for future space data processors led to the development of the NG-Ultra processing component through several European Research and Development programs supported by major institutional and industrial stakeholders. This device is a key building block for achieving the European objectives of high competitiveness and technology non-dependence in future space systems.
 The NanoXplore's NG-Ultra is a Rad-Hard Multi-Processor System on a Chip (MPSoC) embedding 4 cores Arm® and a very large FPGA matrix with pre-developed generic functions for spacecraft data-handling. It provides room to embark more processing functions as needed by user applications. Major milestones of the NG-Ultra development have been achieved in 2020 in particular with the successful production of the first samples components. Evaluation boards have been delivered to Airbus Defence and Space to validate the design and provide feedback also on the associated development tools. In parallel to these bring-up activities, the next generation computer development has started, built on NG-Ultra component as its processing core. It follows the Advanced Data Handling Architecture modularity requirements with the objective to provide a high performance processing function covering all kind of space applications for the next On Board Data Processors generation.
 The presentation will provide an overview and update on these activities, together with a perspective for the utilization of the NG-Ultra in future on-board processing products.
The local exterior square and Asai $L$-functions for $GL(n)$ in odd characteristic
Creators: name: Jo, Yeongseong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $F$ be a non-archimedean local field of odd characteristic $p > 0$. In this paper, we consider local exterior square $L$-functions $L(s,π,\wedge^2)$, Bump-Friedberg $L$-functions $L(s,π,BF)$, and Asai $L$-functions $L(s,π,As)$ of an irreducible admissible representation $π$ of $GL_m(F)$. In particular, we establish that those $L$-functions, via the theory of integral representations, are equal to their corresponding Artin $L$-functions $L(s,\wedge^2(ϕ(π)))$, $L(s+1/2,ϕ(π))L(s,\wedge^2(ϕ(π)))$, and $L(s,As(ϕ(π)))$ of the associated Langlands parameter $ϕ(π)$ under the local Langlands correspondence. These are achieved by proving the identity for irreducible supercuspidal representations, exploiting the local to global argument due to Henniart and Lomeli.
description: 28 pages, incorporated all referee's comments
Additional file 2 of Increased clonal dissemination of OXA-232-producing ST15 Klebsiella pneumoniae in Zhejiang, China from 2018 to 2021
Creators: name: Zhang, Yanyan
name: Yang, Xuemei
name: Liu, Congcong
name: Huang, Ling
name: Shu, Lingbin
name: Sun, Qiaoling
name: Zhou, Hongwei
name: Huang, Yonglu
name: Cai, Chang
name: Wu, Xiaoyan
name: Chen, Sheng
name: Zhang, Rong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Sample Collection information in different regions of Zhejiang Province.
He3 filled ionization chamber as a neutron detector
Creators: name: Healey, Dennis Charles
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The threshold energy for the reaction Br⁸¹ (p,n)Kr⁸¹ was measured and found to be 1.133±.020 Mev. The threshold for Cd¹¹⁶(p,n)ln¹¹⁶ was searched for up to 1.8 Mev but was not found. The density of cosmic neutrons was measured at the earth's surface. It was found to be 4.2±.7x10⁻⁹ n/cm³ over land with 66% in thermal equilibrium. Over the sea, this density was 3.72±.98x10⁻⁹ n/cm³ with 64% in the thermal peak. The earth's albedo or reflectivity to neutrons impinging on it from the atmosphere was estimated to be .22.
Quantum geometry in many-body systems with precursors of criticality
Creators: name: Střeleček, Jan
name: Cejnar, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the geometry of the ground-state manifold in parameter-dependent many-body systems with quantum phase transitions (QPTs) and describe finite-size precursors of the singular geometry emerging at the QPT boundary in the infinite-size limit. In particular, we elucidate the role of diabolic points in the formation of first-order QPTs, showing that these isolated geometric singularities represent seeds generating irregular behavior of geodesics in finite systems. We also demonstrate that established approximations, namely the mean field approximation in many-body systems composed of mutually interacting bosons and the two-level approximation near a diabolic point, are insufficient to provide a reliable description of geometry. The outcomes of the general analysis are tested and illustrated by a specific bosonic model from the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick family.
On the $π$ and $K$ as $q \bar q$ Bound States and Approximate Nambu-Goldstone Bosons
Creators: name: Nussinov, Shmuel
name: Shrock, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconsider the two different facets of $π$ and $K$ mesons as $q \bar q$ bound states and approximate Nambu-Goldstone bosons. We address several topics, including masses, mass splittings between $π$ and $ρ$ and between $K$ and $K^*$, meson wavefunctions, charge radii, and the $K-π$ wavefunction overlap.
description: 15 pages, latex
Parton distributions in the virtual photon target up to NNLO in QCD
Creators: name: Ueda, Takahiro
name: Sasaki, Ken
name: Uematsu, Tsuneo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Parton distributions in the virtual photon target are investigated in perturbative QCD up to the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO). In the case $Λ^2 \ll P^2 \ll Q^2$, where $-Q^2$ ($-P^2$) is the mass squared of the probe (target) photon, parton distributions can be predicted completely up to the NNLO, but they are factorisation-scheme-dependent. We analyse parton distributions in two different factorisation schemes, namely $\bar{\rm MS}$ and ${\rm DIS}_γ$ schemes, and discuss their scheme dependence. We show that the factorisation-scheme dependence is characterised by the large-$x$ behaviours of quark distributions. Gluon distribution is predicted to be very small in absolute value except in the small-$x$ region.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures, version to appear in Eur. Phys. J. C
BNS damping
Creators: name: Novokhatski, A.
Publisher: name: CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings
Year: 2020

description: Many years have passed since the invention of BNS damping, but it still attracts wide attention of accelerator physicists to implement this method in classical accelerators and future high gradient acceleration technique. In this article we recall initial background principles of the devel- opment of BNS damping.
description: CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings, Vol. 9 (2020): Proceedings of the ICFA mini-Workshop on Mitigation of Coherent Beam Instabilities in Particle Accelerators, Zermatt, Switzerland, 23–27 September 2019
Representations of orientifold Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier algebras and the Enomoto-Kashiwara algebra
Creators: name: Przezdziecki, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20C08

description: We consider an "orientifold" generalization of Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier algebras, depending on a quiver with an involution and a framing. Their representation theory is related, via a Schur-Weyl duality type functor, to Kac-Moody quantum symmetric pairs, and, via a categorification theorem, to highest weight modules over an algebra introduced by Enomoto and Kashiwara. Our first main result is a new shuffle realization of these highest weight modules and a combinatorial construction of their PBW and canonical bases in terms of Lyndon words. Our second main result is a classification of irreducible representations of orientifold KLR algebras and a computation of their global dimension in the case when the framing is trivial.
description: 34 pages, some corrections in the proofs and improvements in the exposition
Precision Astrometry of a Sample of Speckle Binaries and Multiples with the Adaptive Optics Facilities at the Hale and Keck II Telescopes
Creators: name: Hełminiak, K. G.
name: Konacki, M.
name: Kulkarni, S. R.
name: Eisner, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the adaptive optics facilities at the 200-in Hale and 10-m Keck II, we observed in the near infrared a sample of 12 binary and multiple stars and one open cluster. We used the near diffraction limited images of these systems to measure the relative separations and position angles between their components. In this paper, we investigate and correct for the influence of the differential chromatic refraction and chip distortions on our relative astrometric measurements. Over one night, we achieve an astrometric precision typically well below 1 miliarcsecond and occasionally as small as 40 microarcseconds. Such a precision is in principle sufficient to astrometrically detect planetary mass objects around the components of nearby binary and multiple stars. Since we have not had sufficiently large data sets for the observed sample of stars to detect planets, we provide the limits to planetary mass objects based on the obtained astrometric precision.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, 9 tables, to appear in MNRAS
Berry phase and topological spin transport in the chiral d-density wave state
Creators: name: Kotetes, Panagiotis
name: Varelogiannis, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we demonstrate the possibility of dissipationless spin transport in the chiral d-density wave state, by the sole application of a uniform Zeeman field gradient. The occurrence of these spontaneous spin currents is attributed to the parity (${\cal P}$) and time-reversal (${\cal T}$) violation induced by the $d_{xy}+id_{x^2-y^2}$ density wave order parameter. We calculate the spin Hall conductance and reveal its intimate relation to the Berry phase which is generated when the Zeeman field is applied adiabatically. Finally, we demonstrate that in the zero temperature and doping case, the spin Hall conductance is quantized as it becomes a topological invariant.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
On Landau damping restoration with electron lenses in space-charge dominated beams
Creators: name: Alexahin, Y.
name: Burov, A.
name: Shiltsev, V.
name: Valishev, A.
Publisher: name: CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings
Year: 2020

description: It is shown that the Lorentz forces of a low-energy, magnetically stabilized electron beam, or “electron lens”, can introduce transverse nonlinear focusing sufficient for Landau damping of transverse beam instabilities in accelerators. Unlike other nonlinear elements, the electron lens can provide the frequency spread mainly at the desirable range of particle amplitudes, thus permitting to avoid the beam lifetime degradation.
description: CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings, Vol. 9 (2020): Proceedings of the ICFA mini-Workshop on Mitigation of Coherent Beam Instabilities in Particle Accelerators, Zermatt, Switzerland, 23–27 September 2019
A Solution of the Strong CP Problem Transforming the theta-angle to the KM CP-violating Phase
Creators: name: Bordes, J.
name: Chan, H. M.
name: Tsou, S. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that in the scheme with a rotating fermion mass matrix (i.e. one with a scale-dependent orientation in generation space) suggested earlier for explaining fermion mixing and mass hierarchy, the theta-angle term in the QCD action of topological origin can be eliminated by chiral transformations, while giving still nonzero masses to all quarks. Instead, the effects of such transformations get transmitted by the rotation to the CKM matrix as the KM phase giving, for $θ$ of order unity, a Jarlskog invariant typically of order $10^{-5}$ as experimentally observed. Strong and weak CP violations appear then as just two facets of the same phenomenon.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures
Study of baryon-strangeness and charge-strangeness correlations in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV with ALICE
Creators: name: Saha, Swati
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the quest to unravel the mysteries of the strong force and the underlying properties of the quark-gluon plasma, the ALICE collaboration at CERN has carried out a comprehensive study focusing on the correlations between net-conserved quantities such as net-baryon, net-charge and net-strangeness. These correlations play a crucial role in the study of QCD phase structure as they are closely related to the ratios of thermodynamic susceptibilities in lattice QCD calculations. This work mainly focuses on the correlations between net-kaon and net-proton, and net-kaon and net-charge in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV using data recorded during LHC Run 2. The net-proton and net-kaon serve as proxies for net-baryon and net-strangeness, respectively, with measurements analyzed as a function of collision centrality. Theoretical predictions from the Thermal-FIST model are compared with experimental results, providing insights into the effects of resonance decays and charge conservation laws on the correlations.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; contribution to the 21st International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter (SQM-2024). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2409.10939
Local Integrals of Motion in Quasiperiodic Many-Body Localized Systems
Creators: name: Thomson, S. J.
name: Schiró, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Local integrals of motion play a central role in the understanding of many-body localization in many-body quantum systems in one dimension subject to a random external potential, but the question of how these local integrals of motion change in a deterministic quasiperiodic potential is one that has received significantly less attention. Here we develop a powerful new implementation of the continuous unitary transform formalism and use this method to directly compute both the effective Hamiltonian and the local integrals of motion for many-body quantum systems subject to a quasiperiodic potential. We show that the effective interactions between local integrals of motion retain a strong fingerprint of the underlying quasiperiodic potential, exhibiting sharp features at distances associated with the incommensurate wavelength used to generate the potential. Furthermore, the local integrals of motion themselves may be expressed in terms of an operator expansion which allows us to estimate the critical strength of quasiperiodic potential required to lead to a localization/delocalization transition, by means of a finite size scaling analysis.
description: 41 pages, 13 figures