cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Linear and weakly nonlinear boundary layer acoustics in a lined duct
Creators: name: Petrie, Owen
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: acoustics
aeroacoustics
duct acoustics
nonlinear acoustics
impedance boundary condition

description: In this thesis I look at the effect of boundary layer flow on the acoustics of an acoustic lining. Acoustic linings are used in aircraft engine ducts to reduce the sound they produce. They typically consist of an array of Helmholtz resonators that are characterised by their impedance - a linear relationship between the acoustic pressure and acoustic normal velocity. However in aircraft engines the air in the duct is moving quickly over the lining and so there is a boundary layer near the lining. The impedance boundary condition then needs to be modified to take into account the effect of the boundary layer flow on the acoustics. In this thesis I begin by considering the weakly nonlinear acoustics for a parallel viscothermal boundary layer flow with uniform geometry over an acoustic lining. This is done using a two layer matched asymptotics model that is solved numerically. It is known that certain linear acoustic components are amplified within the boundary layer and I show that this causes the weakly nonlinear acoustics to be amplified outside of the boundary layer. I also show that this model leads to some surprising large rapidly oscillating disturbances that propagate out into the centre of the duct in certain cases. I then consider the case of a non-parallel boundary layer with non-uniform geometry. This is done using a three-layer WKB asymptotic solution and the corresponding boundary condition is derived and shown be in agreement with previous work in certain limits. I also then show that for the non-parallel case the weakly nonlinear acoustics, while still amplified, do not display the large oscillating behaviour, suggesting that it is important that non-parallel effects are considered.
description: My PhD was funded by Trinity college through an internal graduate studentship.
The Wave Functions for the Free-Fermion Part of the Spectrum of the $SU_q(N)$ Quantum Spin Models
Creators: name: Alcaraz, F. C.
name: Stroganov, Yu. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conjecture that the free-fermion part of the eigenspectrum observed recently for the $SU_q(N)$ Perk-Schultz spin chain Hamiltonian in a finite lattice with $q=\exp (iπ(N-1)/N)$ is a consequence of the existence of a special simple eigenvalue for the transfer matrix of the auxiliary inhomogeneous $SU_q(N-1)$ vertex model which appears in the nested Bethe ansatz approach. We prove that this conjecture is valid for the case of the SU(3) spin chain with periodic boundary condition. In this case we obtain a formula for the components of the eigenvector of the auxiliary inhomogeneous 6-vertex model ($q=\exp (2 i π/3)$), which permit us to find one by one all components of this eigenvector and consequently to find the eigenvectors of the free-fermion part of the eigenspectrum of the SU(3) spin chain. Similarly as in the known case of the $SU_q(2)$ case at $q=\exp(i2π/3)$ our numerical and analytical studies induce some conjectures for special rates of correlation functions.
description: 25 pages and no figures
Investigation of the effects of hemp seed oil/diesel/cetane improver fuel blends on diesel engine responses
Creators: name: Baylak, Mustafa Oğuz Kaan
name: Akay, Mehmet Emin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Four different fuels consisting of D80K5E15, D82.5K5E12.5, D85K5E10 and D100 were examined as to fuel consumption and exhaust emissions in a single cylinder diesel engine. Experiments were examined at 1500 W, 1000 W and 500 W loads, with the highest being 2000 W. Compared with D100 fuel, It has been observed that there was a 15.3% increase in Break Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) in the D80K5E15 mixture, a 6% increase in BSFC in the D82.5K5E12.5 mixture and a 2.3% increase in the D85K5E10 mixture. Exhaust emission values obtained from the experiments were examined. Emission values of D100 fuel were compared with the emission values of three other fuels. According to D100 fuel; carbon monoxide (CO) emissions decreased by 16.8% in the D80K5E15 mixture, 26.6% in the D82.5K5E12.5 mixture and 12.2% in the D85K5E10 mixture, Hydrocarbon (HC) emissions decreased by 30.4% in the D80K5E15 mixture, 42.6% in the D82.5K5E12.5 mixture and decreased by 12.2% in the D85K5E10 mixture. It decreased by 26.5%, Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions decreased by 2.2% in the D82.5K5E12.5 mixture and by 0.7% in the D85K5E10 mixture. However, compared to D100 fuel; Oxygen (O2) emission increased by 0.4% in the D82.5K5E12.5 mixture and increased by 0.05% in the D85K5E10 mixture, nitrogen oxide (NOX) emission increased by 25.9% in the D80K5E15 mixture, increased by 30.4% in the D82.5K5E12.5 mixture and increased by 0.05% in the D85K5E10 mixture. It increased by 26.9%. When the D100 fuel was compared with the other three fuel blends, the lowest HC and CO emissions were achieved in the D82.5K5E12.5 fuel blend with 26.6% and 42.6%, respectively. In addition, the lowest NOX emissions were obtained with D100 fuel compared to the D100 fuel of the other three fuel mixtures. The lowest CO emission was 0.025%) in D82.5K5E12.5 fuel at 2000 W load, and the lowest HC emission was 3.00 (ppm) in D82.5K5E12.5 fuel at 1000 W load. In this study, when D100 fuel was compared with the other three fuel mixtures, there has been a substantial reduction in CO and HC emissions and a relative reduction in CO2 emissions. Compared to D100 fuel, the desired reduction in CO, HC and CO2 emissions was achieved for the other three fuel mixtures.
Citizen Participation in Local Democracy Online: A Snapshot of Trends and Challenges in Adoption of Crowdsourcing Methods in Tanzania
Creators: name: Deodatus Patrick Shayo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 160808 Sociology and Social Studies of Science and Technology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 130205 Humanities and Social Sciences Curriculum and Pedagogy (excl. Economics, Business and Management)
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 220208 History and Philosophy of the Social Sciences
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: Although numerous studies concerning local democracy have been carried out in Tanzania, most of them have fallen short of analysing crowdsourcing citizen participation in local democracy online. Local democracy aims essentially to promote fundamental rights of the citizen to participate in policy and decision-making processes. On the other hand, crowdsourcing in the modern digital age - is increasingly expected not only to transform relationships between local politicians and voters in democratic processes, but also to engage and empower ordinary citizens to have a voice in monitoring electoral procedures by new electronic means from below. Promotion of citizen participation with better platforms for monitoring local elections and information sharing in near real-time is a vital element for healthy local democracy. This is why in recent times; we have witnessed emerging of digitally empowered citizen voice platforms such as Uchaguzi open source and social media pages like Facebook for citizens' crowdsourcing systems. In that regard this paper attempts to map citizen crowdsourcing methods, trends and challenges of online participation in monitoring local elections in Tanzania. Crowdsourcing methods through information and communication technologies create an agenda for collective citizen participation, collaborative production and sharing of local information.
Thermal rectification and interface thermal resistance in hybrid pillared-graphene and graphene: A molecular dynamics approach
Creators: name: Yousefi, Farrokh
name: Khoeini, Farhad
name: Rajabpour, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we investigate the thermal rectification and thermal resistance in the hybrid pillared-graphene and graphene (PGG) system. This is done through the classical molecular dynamics simulation (MD) and also with a continuum model. At first, the thermal conductivity of both pillared-graphene and graphene is calculated employing MD simulation and Fourier low. Our results show that the thermal conductivity of the pillared-graphene is much smaller than the graphene by an order of magnitude. Next, by applying positive and negative temperature gradients along the longitudinal direction of PGG, the thermal rectification is examined. The MD results indicate that for the lengths in the range of 36 to 86nm, the thermal rectification remains almost constant (~3-5%). We have also studied the phonon density of states (DOS) on both sides of the interface of PGG. The DOS curves show that there is phonon scattering at low frequencies (acoustic mode) that depends on the imposed temperature gradient direction in the system. Therefore, we can introduce the PGG as a promising thermal rectifier at room temperature. Furthermore, in the following of this work, we also explore the temperature distribution over the PGG by using the continuum model. The results that obtained from the continuum model predict the MD results such as the temperature distribution in the upper half layer and lower full layer graphene, the temperature gap and also the thermal resistance at the interface.
description: 21 pages, 7 Figures
The Main Challenges of Public Management in Afghanistan and the Possible Solutions
Creators: name: Zabehullah Bashardost
name: Jawida Ahmadi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 220207 History and Philosophy of the Humanities
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: The public management of a country has a direct relationship with the governance affairs, the components of good and bad in governance have been defined based on developed and undeveloped countries and indicators of governance. Given these components the governance and public management of a country can understand. Afghanistan is a country that has experienced good governance since 2002, after the fall of the Taliban regime. In order to study Afghanistan's public management, we need to look closely at governance in Afghanistan in order to identify the extent to which international standards of governance in Afghanistan have been acceptable, and through it, we can identify the challenges of Afghanistan's administration. This paper, which is titled "The Main Challenges of Public Management in Afghanistan and the Possible Solutions," seeks to provide challenges and possible solutions of public management with a comprehensive vision based on global norms and with respect to cultural complexity, historic and traditional. This paper is written in three chapters, the first chapter which discusses good governance with a short manner and recognizes the position of the Afghan government with regard to the indicators of good governance, the second chapter defines the challenges of the Afghan management, the third chapter addresses the possible solution and ends with a conclusion. The purpose of writing this paper is to identify precisely the components that have had a profound negative impact on the Afghan public management and to prevent the increasing of these challenges proposes the solutions ways. This paper, based on library research, has gained to the authoritative sources that contain the principles of global management and the real challenges facing Afghanistan.
Improved non-perturbative renormalization without $c_{NGI}$
Creators: name: Sharpe, Stephen R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a method for O(a) improvement of composite operators has been proposed which uses the large momentum behavior of fixed gauge quark and gluon correlation functions (G. Martinelli et al., hep-lat/0106003). A practical problem with this method is that a particular improvement coefficient, $c_{NGI}$, which has a gauge non-covariant form, is difficult to determine. Here I work out the size of the errors made in improvement coefficients and physical quantities if one does not include the $c_{NGI}$ term.
description: 3 pages. Lattice2001(improvement)
Prospects of light sterile neutrino searches in long-baseline neutrino oscillations
Creators: name: Reyimuaji, Yakefu
name: Liu, Chun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutrino oscillation probabilities in vacuum and matter are discussed, considering the framework of three active and one light sterile neutrinos. We study in detail the rephasing invariants and CP asymmetry observables, and investigate the four-neutrino oscillations in long-baseline neutrino experiments, such as DUNE, NO$ν$A and T2HK. Our results show that the matter effect enhances quite a significantly the oscillation probabilities of electron neutrino and electron antineutrino appearance channels within a certain energy range, while no considerable change arises in the CP asymmetry analysis due to the matter effect. Moreover, separation between the results with and without the sterile neutrino is not so significant and that is also affected by CP-violating phases. Comparing the results for these three experiments, all of them have similar features, nevertheless, sizes and separations of the oscillation probabilities in DUNE are bit larger.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, references added and revision made
Global stability in a competitive infection-age structured model
Creators: name: Richard, Quentin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B35, 35B40, 47D62, 92D30

description: We study a competitive infection-age structured SI model between two diseases. The well-posedness of the system is handled by using integrated semigroups theory, while the existence and the stability of disease-free or endemic equilibria are ensured, depending on the basic reproduction number $R_0^x$ and $R_0^y$ of each strain. We then exhibit Lyapunov functionals to analyse the global stability and we prove that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable whenever $\max\{R_0^x, R_0^y\}\leq 1$. With respect to explicit basin of attraction, the competitive exclusion principle occurs in the case where $R_0^x\neq R_0^y$ and $\max\{R_0^x,R_0^y\}>1$, meaning that the strain with the largest $R_0$ persists and eliminates the other strain. In the limit case $R_0^x=R^0_y>1$, an infinite number of endemic equilibria exists and constitute a globally attractive set.
description: 35 pages
Elastic scattering and breakup of 17^F at 10 MeV/nucleon
Creators: name: Liang, J. F.
name: Beene, J. R.
name: Esbensen, H.
name: Galindo-Uribarri, A.
name: del Campo, J. Gomez
name: Gross, C. J.
name: Halbert, M. L.
name: Mueller, P. E.
name: Shapira, D.
name: Stracener, D. W.
name: Thompson, I. J.
name: Varner, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Angular distributions of fluorine and oxygen produced from 170 MeV 17^F incident on 208^Pb were measured. The elastic scattering data are in good agreement with optical model calculations using a double-folding potential and parameters similar to those obtained from 16^O+208^Pb. A large yield of oxygen was observed near θ_lab=36 deg. It is reproduced fairly well by a calculation of the (17^F,16^O) breakup, which is dominated by one-proton stripping reactions. The discrepancy between our previous coincidence measurement and theoretical predictions was resolved by including core absorption in the present calculation.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Discrete Wigner Functions from Informationally Complete Quantum Measurements
Creators: name: DeBrota, John B.
name: Stacey, Blake C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wigner functions provide a way to do quantum physics using quasiprobabilities, that is, "probability" distributions that can go negative. Informationally complete POVMs, a much younger subject than phase space formulations of quantum mechanics, are less familiar but provide wholly probabilistic representations of quantum theory. In this paper, we show that the Born Rule links these two classes of structure and discuss the art of interconverting between them. In particular, we demonstrate that the operator bases corresponding to minimal discrete Wigner functions (Wigner bases) are orthogonalizations of minimal informationally complete measurements (MICs). By not imposing a particular discrete phase space structure at the outset, we push Wigner functions to their limits in a suitably quantified sense, revealing a new way in which the symmetric informationally complete measurements (SICs) are significant. Finally, we speculate that astute choices of MICs from the orthogonalization preimages of Wigner bases may in general give quantum measurements conceptually underlying the associated quasiprobability representations.
description: 13 pages, sequel to arXiv:1812.08762; v2: minor updates in response to feedback; v3: 16 pages, substantial revision and additions
Recurrent Neural Networks: An Embedded Computing Perspective
Creators: name: Rezk, Nesma M.
name: Purnaprajna, Madhura
name: Nordström, Tomas
name: Ul-Abdin, Zain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are a class of machine learning algorithms used for applications with time-series and sequential data. Recently, there has been a strong interest in executing RNNs on embedded devices. However, difficulties have arisen because RNN requires high computational capability and a large memory space. In this paper, we review existing implementations of RNN models on embedded platforms and discuss the methods adopted to overcome the limitations of embedded systems. We will define the objectives of mapping RNN algorithms on embedded platforms and the challenges facing their realization. Then, we explain the components of RNN models from an implementation perspective. We also discuss the optimizations applied to RNNs to run efficiently on embedded platforms. Finally, we compare the defined objectives with the implementations and highlight some open research questions and aspects currently not addressed for embedded RNNs. Overall, applying algorithmic optimizations to RNN models and decreasing the memory access overhead is vital to obtain high efficiency. To further increase the implementation efficiency, we point up the more promising optimizations that could be applied in future research. Additionally, this article observes that high performance has been targeted by many implementations, while flexibility has, as yet, been attempted less often. Thus, the article provides some guidelines for RNN hardware designers to support flexibility in a better manner.
description: Accepted for publication in IEEE Access
Revisiting Quantum Feedback Control: Disentangling the Feedback-induced Phase from the Corresponding Amplitude
Creators: name: Barkemeyer, Kisa
name: Finsterhölzl, Regina
name: Knorr, Andreas
name: Carmele, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent time-delayed feedback allows the control of a quantum system and its partial stabilization against noise and decoherence. The crucial and externally accessible parameters in such control setups are the round-trip-induced delay time $τ$ and the frequencies $ω$ of the involved optical transitions which are typically controllable via global parameters like temperature, bias or strain. They influence the dynamics via the amplitude and the phase $ϕ= ωτ$ of the feedback signal. These quantities are, however, not independent. Here, we propose to control the feedback phase via a microwave pump field. Using the example of a $Λ$-type three-level system, we show that the Rabi frequency of the pump field induces phase shifts on demand and therefore increases the applicability of coherent quantum feedback control protocols.
The Role of Social Support on Performance related Intrinsic Motivation among the Theater Artists of Nepal
Creators: name: Gajurel, Naresh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 190404 Drama, Theatre and Performance Studies
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)
subject: Applied Psychology
subject: 170103 Educational Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Social support influences intrinsic motivation somehow regardless of sex and working experience. This study was conducted to measure the relationship between social support and intrinsic motivation of the participants' in relation to their sex and working experiences. Participants' sex, working experiences and perceived social support were the independent variables of the study whereas intrinsic motivation was the dependent variable. Total 102 theater artists aged between 18 to 40 years old from six different drama theaters of Nepal were selected as the participants' through convenience sampling procedure. A cross-sectional study was carried out using "Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support" (Zimet et al., 1988) to measure social support and "Task Evaluation Questionnaire" (Ryan an Deci, 2000) to measure intrinsic motivation. Results from the independent sample t-test suggested that there was no significant difference in intrinsic motivation of the participants' on the basis of their sex and working experience. Whilst analysis of the result claimed that perceived social support significantly predicts intrinsic motivation. Other findings are discussed in the study with cogent recommendations in support of existing literatures.
Constraints on primordial black holes and primeval density perturbations from the epoch of reionization
Creators: name: He, Ping
name: Fang, Li-Zhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the constraint on the abundance of primordial black holes (PBHs) and the spectral index $n$ of primeval density perturbations given by the ionizing photon background at the epoch of reionization. Within the standard inflationary cosmogony, we show that the spectral index $n$ of the power-law power spectrum of primeval density perturbations should be $n
description: 4 pages, 3 eps figues, to be published in ApJ Letters
Electromagnetic full-$f$ gyrokinetics in the tokamak edge with discontinuous Galerkin methods
Creators: name: Mandell, N. R.
name: Hakim, A.
name: Hammett, G. W.
name: Francisquez, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an energy-conserving discontinuous Galerkin scheme for the full-$f$ electromagnetic gyrokinetic system in the long-wavelength limit. We use the symplectic formulation and solve directly for $\partial A_\parallel/\partial t$, the inductive component of the parallel electric field, using a generalized Ohm's law derived directly from the gyrokinetic equation. Linear benchmarks are performed to verify the implementation and show that the scheme avoids the Ampère cancellation problem. We perform a nonlinear electromagnetic simulation in a helical open-field-line system as a rough model of the tokamak scrape-off layer using parameters from the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). This is the first published nonlinear electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulation on open field lines. Comparisons are made to a corresponding electrostatic simulation.
description: 38 pages, 11 figures
Farmland Loss to Urban Encroachment No Threat to U.S. Agriculture
Creators: name: Helmlich, Ralph
name: Vesterby, Marlow
name: Helmlich, Ralph
name: Vesterby, Marlow
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Land Economics/Use

description: Despite the impression that housing developments, shopping centers, and office parks are replacing the country's farmland, the amount of U.S. rural land and the level of agricultural production are not threatened by present rates of urbanization, urbanization is not consuming all of our farmland, nor is it taking all the best land out of production. In fact, even in the Nation's most rapidly growing counties, the rate of urbanization has not changed significantly during the past 30 years
LABOUR CHOICE DECISIONS AMONG CASSAVA CROP FARMERS IN AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA
Creators: name: Bassey, Nsikan Edet
name: Akpaeti, Aniekan Jim
name: Udo, Udoro Jacob
name: Bassey, Nsikan Edet
name: Akpaeti, Aniekan Jim
name: Udo, Udoro Jacob
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Decisions
subject: labour choice
subject: Cassava production
subject: Akwa Ibom State.

description: The study used primary data collected from 90 cassava farmers through a multi stage sampling technique to examine the determinants of labour choice decision among cassava crop farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multinomial logit regression and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression. Findings revealed that cassava production in the study area was dominated by young, and educated (75.6%), female (68.9%) farmers, with an average household size and farming experience of 6 persons and 10 years respectively. The multinomial logit result showed that while household size and labour cost significantly influenced the choice of borrowed labour, farming experience, educational level, income of farmers and farmer’s age significantly influenced the choice of hired labour for cassava production. Also, the coefficient for farm size was positive and significantly related to the choice of both borrowed and hired labour. The study further revealed that cassava production in the study area was profitable with a gross margin of N 154,840 and net income of N125, 590. The Ordinary Least Square result revealed that family labour, hired labour, age of farmers, farming experience, household size and farm size impacted severely on cassava output in the study area. This suggest the need to pursue policies that would enhance access to land and encourage economical land holdings, advocate and intensify campaigns on the profitability of cassava production and increased participation of farmers, especially younger people in cassava production in the study area as the way out.
The Synthesis-Enabled Stereochemical Elucidation of the Marine Natural Products Hemicalide and Phormidolide A
Creators: name: Lam, Nelson Yuen Sum
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Stereocontrolled Synthesis
subject: Total Synthesis
subject: Structural Elucidation
subject: Natural Products
subject: Stereochemical Reassignment
subject: polyketide
subject: NMR
subject: hemicalide
subject: phormidolide A
subject: anticancer

description: The structural complexity and biological activity of marine natural products have made them attractive targets for synthetic chemists. In cases where their relative and/or absolute configuration is unknown, total synthesis becomes a powerful method to enable their structural elucidation, as highlighted in Part I. This thesis discusses synthetic efforts towards two marine natural products, hemicalide (1) and phormidolide A (2), with the end goal of establishing and/or confirming the compound’s full stereochemistry. Hemicalide’s low isolation yield from its marine sponge source meant that none of the 21 stereocenters were assigned in the original patent literature. Previous computational and synthetic work by Ardisson and Cossy, as well as the Paterson and Goodman groups, have narrowed down the possibilities for the C1-C15, C16-C25 and C35-C46 fragments to a single diastereomer with reasonable confidence. However, the relative configuration between fragments and the absolute stereochemistry remains unknown. Part II describes the synthesis of the C16-C28 dihydroxylactone fragment, which was used to successfully assemble a diastereomer of the C1-C28 truncate. Comparisons with the alternative configuration synthesised by Han enabled the definitive assignment of the relative configuration between the C1-C15 and the C16-C25 region of hemicalide. These studies also illuminated the nature of the C1 carboxyl group in the natural product. Phormidolide A possesses several fascinating structural motifs. Its terminal bromomethoxydiene (BMD) motif in particular, is unprecedented among natural products. Furthermore, inconclusive stereochemical evidence presented in the literature meant that a synthesis-guided stereochemical evaluation is required. Part III discusses synthetic efforts to the natural product, involving the expedient synthesis of the C18-C23 vinyl iodide and the C25-C33 side chain bearing the unique BMD motif. Towards the end goal of a total synthesis, this chapter also illustrates the evolution of the fragment coupling strategy, which led to the reassignment of seven of the 11 stereocentres present in phormidolide A.
description: I thank the Woolf Fisher Trust and the Krishnan-Ang Scholarship for their generous financial support.
Moral Rights in Copyright Law: Personality, the Self, & the Author-Work Relation
Creators: name: Simon, David Alan
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: intellectual property
moral rights
copyright law
philosophy and law
philosophy of intellectual property
authors' rights
rights of authors
droit moral
intellectual property law

description: Moral rights in copyright law are noneconomic rights that entitle the author to control how the author is divulged, modified, and attributed. They are based on the idea that each author alone stands in a special relation (“Relation A”) to her work by virtue of creating it. Despite the quite voluminous literature, moral rights scholars have not specified in what this special relation could consist. My dissertation addresses this issue. More specifically, I answer two questions. First, what is the nature of Relation A? Second, assuming I provide a plausible account of Relation A, how could the law protect it? In answering the first question, I drawing on law, sociology, psychology, and philosophy to develop the first full account of the nature of Relation A. I show that this Relation consists in certain psychological states regarding perceptions of the author’s empirical or “social self” as externalized in the work – what I call her externalized social self. In contrast to an abstract or ideal notion of the self typically propounded by moral rights advocates, the social self is built up by interaction between the author, the work, and non-authors, or “the other.” It is not fixed and unchanging but subject to constant renegotiation – and the author is but one of the negotiators. This account has implications for just how moral rights protect Relation A. Importantly, this account of Relation A forces a shift in the scope and nature of moral rights. Because moral rights are limited tools to present and manage a specific aspect of the author’s externalized social self, relevant protections are not focused entirely on the author, or even honor or reputation. Instead, the thing protected – the externalized social self – depends on what others think, not just what the author thinks. The externalized social self can be harmed only in limited ways – when its existence is threatened, and even then, only in certain circumstances. Moral rights, on this account, are not designed to protect some inner personality or mystical self; they are tools to present and manage the author’s externalized social self in limited ways. What results is a set of protections that are weaker and narrower than most moral rights scholars would prefer. These protections are focused less on inviolate harm, honor, or reputation and more on managing a particular image of the self-as-presented.
description: Cambridge Overseas Trust, Trinity College
Application of algebraic combinatorics to finite spin systems with dihedral symmetry
Creators: name: Buckiewicz, S.
name: Dȩbski, L.
name: Florek, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Properties of a given symmetry group G are very important in investigation of a physical system invariant under its action. In the case of finite spin systems (magnetic rings, some planar macromolecules) the symmetry group is isomorphic with the dihedral group D_N. In this paper group-theoretical `parameters' of such groups are determined, especially decompositions of transitive representations into irreducible ones and double cosets. These results are necessary to construct matrix elements of any operator commuting with G in an efficient way. The approach proposed can be usefull in many branches of physics, but here it is applied to finite spin systems, which serve as models for mesoscopic magnets.
description: 3 eps figs, 24 pages
Values in Action: Simplicity, Completeness, and Carefulness in the Development of the Systematisations of Chemical Elements
Creators: name: Pulkkinen, Karoliina Julia Pulkkinen
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: periodic system
values in science
Dmitrii Mendeleev
Julius Lothar Meyer
John Newlands
simplicity
carefulness
completeness

description: This thesis demonstrates how three chemists – Dmitrii Ivanovich Mendeleev, Julius Lothar Meyer, and John Newlands – emphasised different values when developing their systematisations of the chemical elements in 1863-1875. While no chemist emphasised just one value in the course of establishing of their systematisations, I argue that Newlands elevated simplicity (“simple relation”), Mendeleev completeness (polnost’), and Meyer carefulness when systematising the elements. This thesis sets to show that values provide an illuminating framework to articulate the differences among the competing periodic systems, and give us a novel reading of the priority dispute concerning the discovery of the periodic system. By examining the role of values in the systematisation of the elements, this thesis seeks to give an example of an integrated history and philosophy of science (iHPS) approach to values. As integrating history and philosophy of science introduces some methodological challenges, I will start by arguing in favour the hermeneutic model to iHPS as articulated by Jutta Schickore (Ch.1). Chapters 2-5 are largely historical. Chapter 2 introduces historical background to the challenge of systematising the elements in the nineteenth century. I then demonstrate how Newlands (Ch.3), Meyer (Ch.4), and Mendeleev (Ch.5) emphasised different values in the course of developing their systematisations of the chemical elements. Chapters 6-8 are more philosophical. In chapter 6, I argue in favour of specific abstract characterisations of simplicity, completeness, and carefulness on the basis of the historical material presented in chapters 3-5. After arguing in favour of a specific understanding of values, I identify a distinct relationship between the chemists’ subsequent uses of the systems and their emphasis on specific values during the development of their systems. In particular, I argue that valuing of completeness contributed to Mendeleev’s use of the system for making predictions (Ch.7), whereas valuing of carefulness did much to support using Meyer’s system for error determination (Ch.8).
description: Oskar Huttunen foundation
MOESM7 of Potential for non-combustible nicotine products to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in smoking: a systematic review and synthesis of best available evidence
Creators: name: Lucherini, Mark
name: Hill, Sarah
name: Smith, Katherine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 7. Full list of studies included in review https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:c6a4acca-8e43-4e7e-a5ad-cff8464de9b8
GMO Regulations, International Trade and the Imperialism of Standards
Creators: name: Vigani, Mauro
name: Raimondi, Valentina
name: Olper, Alessandro
name: Vigani, Mauro
name: Raimondi, Valentina
name: Olper, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: GMO standards
subject: Harmonization
subject: Trade Flow
subject: Gravity Model
subject: Endogeneity

description: This paper deals with the quantification of GMO regulations on bilateral trade flows. A composite index of the ‘complexity’ of such regulations for sixty countries based on ‘objective’ scores assigned to six GMO regulatory sub-dimensions has been developed. Using a gravity model, we show how bilateral ‘similarity’ in GMO regulations, affect trade flows for the composite index and its components. Results show that bilateral distance in GMO regulations negatively affect trade flows, especially as an effect of labeling policies, approval process and traceability systems. Interesting, the trade enhancement effect induced by GMO standards similarity increase by a factor of four when GMO regulations is treated as endogenous to trade flows. This pattern is consistent with an international environment where large importing countries ‘dictate’ the rules of the game to developing countries.
Determination of Naphthenic Acids in Oil Sand Processed Water by Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (2D GC-QTOFMS)
Creators: name: Qian, Chenyu
name: Li, Changgang
name: Zhan, Tong
name: Wang, Cai
name: Xiang, Zhangmin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Two-dimensional gas chromatography (2D GC)–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOFMS) combined with derivatization was applied to determine naphthenic acids (NAs) in oil sand processed water (OSPW). Using the excellent resolution of 2D GC and mass resolution of QTOFMS with derivatization, 8 cyclohexane carboxylic acid isomers, 18 methylcyclohexyl carboxylic acid isomers, and 18 methylcyclohexyl acetic acid isomers were identified. Linear relationships across wide concentration ranges were established with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.9995, 0.9992, and 0.9990, for cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 4-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid, and 4-methylcyclohexane acetic acid. The precision, expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 5), was from 7. 7–9.5% with recoveries between 72.0% and 84.9%. This method was applied to analyze sewage and showed high concentrations of naphthenic acids in untreated samples.
MOESM6 of Potential for non-combustible nicotine products to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in smoking: a systematic review and synthesis of best available evidence
Creators: name: Lucherini, Mark
name: Hill, Sarah
name: Smith, Katherine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6. Potential equity outcome tables https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:3843ad16-0748-4561-993e-bf93b3208c9a
Lattice QCD at finite isospin density
Creators: name: Kogut, J. B.
name: Sinclair, D. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have simulated QCD at a finite chemical potential $μ_I$ for isospin ($I_3$) to probe part of the phase diagram for nuclear matter. Preliminary results suggest that for $μ_I > μ_c$, this theory forms a charged pion condensate which spontaneously breaks $I_3$, and the isospin density is non zero.
description: Lattice2001(hightemp), LaTeX, 3 pages, 3 postscript figures
title: Candidature projet Nature 2015
Creators: name: IDEMEC (UMR 7307)/LPED (UMR 151)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2019

description: Se préoccuper de la nature et de l’environnement : l’engagement politique comme processus à la croisée d’expériences personnelles et collectives, porté par Véronique Dassié (IDEMEC) et Marie Jacqué (LPED), en 2015
Robust time-varying formation design for multi-agent systems with disturbances: Extended-state-observer method
Creators: name: Wang, Le
name: Xi, Jianxiang
name: He, Ming
name: Liu, Guangbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Robust time-varying formation design problems for second-order multi-agent systems subjected to external disturbances are investigated. Firstly, by constructing an extended state observer, the disturbance compensation is estimated, which is a critical term in the proposed robust time-varying formation control protocol. Then, an explicit expression of the formation center function is determined and impacts of disturbance compensations on the formation center function are presented. With the formation feasibility conditions, robust time-varying formation design criteria are derived to determine the gain matrix of the formation control protocol by utilizing the algebraic Riccati equation technique. Furthermore, the tracking performance and the robustness property of multi-agent systems are analyzed. Finally, the numerical simulation is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Neutrino oscillation mechanism for pulsar kicks reexamined
Creators: name: Barkovich, M.
name: D'Olivo, J. C.
name: Montemayor, R.
name: Zanella, J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anisotropic neutrino emission during the neutron star formation can be the origin of the observed proper motions of pulsars. We derive a general expression for the momentum asymmetry in terms of the neutrino energy flux gradient, and show that a nonvanishing effect is induced at the lowest order by a deformed neutrinosphere. In particular, this result is valid for a neutrino flux transported through a spherical atmosphere with constant luminosity.
description: 11 pages, added appendix, references, and minor changes in section 1, 2, and 5
IS THE SUBSIDY FOR BIOFUELS THE WAY TO GO?
Creators: name: Viju, Crina
name: Kerr, William A.
name: Viju, Crina
name: Kerr, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: biofuels
subject: subsidy
subject: trade disputes

description: This paper examines the biofuel industry in Canada and US from a trade perspective. The development of a large market for biofuel is judged to have two main benefits for North America: a reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) for Canada, while the U.S. is interested in reducing the dependence on imported oil from economically and politically volatile areas. A theoretical model is developed using option value theory to determine whether the same governmental policy (subsidization) can lead to different levels of optimal subsidies in each country, where the subsidy policy is driven by two distinct motivating factors: energy security and environmental commitments. Note that if the level of subsidies for the development of biofuels industry in the two countries differs considerably, the likelihood of a trade dispute arising increases.
Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Immunoassay for Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Based Upon Silver-Functionalized Polyethyleneimine (PEI)–Silica Nanoparticles (NPs)
Creators: name: Chang, Zheng
name: Xu, Yimeng
name: Shen, Yuting
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer

description: A novel sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was fabricated for the ultrasensitive electrochemical determination of prostate specific antigen (PSA) using silver-functionalized polyethyleneimine (PEI)-silica nanoparticles (NPs) (Ag+/PEI/SiO2 NPs) as electrochemical labels. First, the immunosensor platform was prepared by covalently immobilizing capture antibodies on a poly diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride/carboxylated-gold nanoparticles (PDDA/AuNPs) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). After sandwich-type immunoreactions, the detection antibody was labeled by the amino-containing Ag+/PEI/SiO2 NPs by strongly binding to carboxyl groups of protein. Next, many Ag+ with good complexing performance from each PEI/SiO2 nanoparticles released after hydrofluoric acid (HF) in situ etching. Here, the AuNPs acted as a catalyst to reduce Ag+ into metallic Ag using PEI as the reducing agent. Accordingly, an extremely sharp voltammetric peak of electro-oxidized metallic Ag can be determined directly through differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) without metal pre-concentration, and had a close relationship with the concentrations of PSA antigen. Under the optimized conditions, the immunoassay exhibited good sensitivity and selectivity for the determination of PSA with a linear range from 0.01 to 10 pg·mL−1 and a detection limit of 3.5 fg·mL−1. The new strategy provides a reliable, highly sensitive determination of the prostate cancer biomarker in biological samples with great potential for the fabrication of devices for clinical diagnostics.