cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Global Instability in Experimental General Equilibrium: The Scarf Example
Creators: name: Anderson, Christopher M.
name: Granat, Sander
name: Plott, Charles R.
name: Shimomura, Ken-Ichi
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2000
Subjects: General equilibrium
Stability
Experiments

description: Scarf (1960) proposed a market environment and a model of dynamic adjustment in which the standard tatonnement price adjustment process orbits around, rather than converges to, the competitive equilibrium. Hirota (1981) characterized the price paths by the configuration of endowments. We explore the predictions of Scarf's model in a nontatonnement experimental double auction. We find that the average transaction prices in each period do follow the path predicted by the Scarf and Hirota models. When the model predicts prices will converge to the competitive equilibrium, our data converge; when the model predicts prices will orbit our data orbit the equilibrium, and in the direction predicted by the model. Moreover, we observe a weak tendency for prices within a period to follow the path predicted by the model.
description: The financial support of the National Science Foundation and the Caltech Laboratory for Experimental Economics and Political Science is gratefully acknowledged. Mason Porter and Daniel Song contributed to the early stages of the research. Helpful comments were received from Mahmoud El-Gamal, Dave Grether and Daniel Rowe and from audiences in Hong Kong, Osaka, Otaru, and the Caltech-UCLA Freeway Conference on Experimental Economics. Mason Porter and Daniel Song contributed to the project during the early stages of the research.

Published as Anderson, C.M., Plott, C.R., Shimomura, K.I., & Granat, S. (2004). Global instability in experimental general equilibrium: the Scarf example. Journal of Economic Theory, 115(2), 1-7.
description: Submitted - sswp1086.pdf
Chiromyscus thomasi Balakirev, Abramov & Rozhnov 2014
Creators: name: Don E. Wilson
name: Russell A. Mittermeier
name: Thomas E. Lacher, Jr
Publisher: name: Lynx Edicions
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Muridae
Chiromyscus
Chiromyscus thomasi

description: 726.
Thomas's Tree Rat
Chiromyscus thomasi
French: Rat de Thomas / German: Thomas-Fea-Baumratte / Spanish: Rata arboricola de Thomas
Other common names: Thomas's Masked Tree Rat
Taxonomy. Chiromyscus thomasi Balakirev, Abramov & Rozhnov, 2014,
“Vietnam, Son La Province, Muong Thai Village, near Lung Lo pass, 21°18'31"N, 104°41’3¢4°F, elevation ¢.450 m above sea level.”
Populations of C. thomas: were previously included in C. chiropus. Specimens from most of Indochina should be examined to determine if they are C. thomasi, C. chiro-pus, or C. langbianus. Monotypic.
Distribution. Reliably in N & C Vietnam (Lao Cai, Son La, Nhge An, and Kon Tum provinces) and N Laos (Xiangkhouang and [Luang Prabang provinces), but range limits still unknown.
Descriptive notes. Head-body 140-180 mm, tail 200-231 mm, ear 18-20 mm, hindfoot 27-29 mm. No specific data are available for body weight. Thomas's Tree Rat is the largest species of Chiromyscus and also the most striking. Pelage is dense, downy, and bright fulvous, with orange hue dorsally and brighter on sides. Cheeks, lateral surface of neck, front legs, rump, hips, and tail base are rich ocherous. Ven-ter is pure unblotched white, and line between dorsal and ventral pelage is abrupt. Black strip, or “mask,” surrounding eyes is most diagnostic. Claws are long and curved, although hallux has nail instead of claw. Feet and toes are usually white, with orange hair on top. Vibrissae are black and white and fairly long (60 mm). Ears are small, rounded, and pale brown. Tail is proximally tinged pale brown on top, little lighter on bottom with pinkish hue, and 128-132% of head-body length. Supraorbital ridge is more developed, and skull is more robust compared with other species of Chiromyscus.
Habitat. Tropical moist deciduous and evergreen forests.
Food and Feeding. No information.
Breeding. No information.
Activity patterns. Thomas's Tree Rat is nocturnal and arboreal.
Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information.
Status and Conservation. Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. Currently known distribution of Thomas’s Tree Rat is scattered, but its true limits are unknown. Research into its natural history and biogeography, especially given rarity of museum specimens, is needed.
Bibliography. Balakirev et al. (2014), Francis (2008).
description: Published as part of Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, 2017, Muridae, pp. 536-884 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 853, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6887260
Xylergates lacteus Bates 1864
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
name: Santos-Silva, Antonio
name: Monné, Marcela L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Xylergates
Xylergates lacteus

description: Xylergates lacteus Bates, 1864
(Figs. 57–58)
Xylergates lacteus Bates, 1864: 20.
Syntypes locality — Syntypes male and female: Brazil, Amazonas: São Paulo de Olivença, and Ega [Tefé] (MNHN). More syntypes in Mr. Bar collection (probably, Constant Bar—his Lepidoptera collection is currently in the MNHN, but we have no information regarding his Coleoptera specimens) from inner French Guiana.
Distribution — Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Surinam, Guyana, French Guiana, Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Maranhão), Peru, Bolivia (Beni, Pando, Santa Cruz).
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., Santos-Silva, Antonio & Monné, Marcela L., 2020, Key to South American genera of Acanthocinini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae Lamiinae) with erect setae on elytral surface, pp. 523-553 in Zootaxa 4789 (2) on page 550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3888664
Risk, Ambiguity, and the Separation of Utility and Beliefs
Creators: name: Ghirardato, Paolo
name: Marinacci, Massimo
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2000
Subjects: Risk Aversion, Ambiguity Aversion, Biseparable Preferences, Choquet Expected Utility, Maxmin Expected Utility, Probabilistic Beliefs

description: We introduce and characterize axiomatically a general model of static choice under uncertainty, which is possibly the weakest model in which a separation of cardinal utility and a representation of beliefs is achieved. Most of the popular non-expected utility models in the literature are special cases of it.

To prove its usefulness, we show that the model can be used to generalize several well-known results on the characterization of risk aversion. Elsewhere, we have shown that it can be fruitfully applied to the problem of characterizing a notion of ambiguity aversion, as the separation of utility and beliefs that we achieve can be used to identify and remove aspects of risk attitude from the decision maker's behavior.
description: We are grateful to Kim Border, Peter Wakker and especially Fabio Maccheroni for helpful comments and discussion. This paper was mostly written while Marinacci was with the Università di Bologna. Marinacci gratefully acknowledges the financial support of MURST.

Published as Ghirardato, P., & Marinacci, M. (2001). Risk, ambiguity, and the separation of utility and beliefs. Mathematics of operations research, 26(4), 864-890.
description: Submitted - sswp1085.pdf
Leopoldamys milleti
Creators: name: Don E. Wilson
name: Russell A. Mittermeier
name: Thomas E. Lacher, Jr
Publisher: name: Lynx Edicions
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Muridae
Leopoldamys
Leopoldamys milleti

description: 727.
Millet’s Long-tailed Giant Rat
Leopoldamys milleti
French: Rat de Millet / German: Millet-Langschwanz-Riesenratte / Spanish: Rata gigante de cola larga de Millet
Other common names: Millet's Leopoldamys
Taxonomy. Rattus edwardsi milletti H. C. Robinson & Kloss, 1922,
“Dalat [= Da Lat], Langbian [= Lam Vien] Plateau, S. Annam, 5000 ft. [= 1524 m],” Lam Dong Province, southern Vietnam.
Leopoldamys mallet: has been recognized as a subspecies of L. edwards: for most of its taxonomic history even though it is highly distinctive, and it has been misidentified as a new species of Berylmys. Recent phylogenetic data found it to represent a monotypic L. millet genetic group,sister to all other species of Leopoldamys. Monotypic.
Distribution. Known only from the Da Lat Plateau, S Vietnam.
Descriptive notes. Head—body 210-280 mm,tail 290-360 mm, ear 29-33 mm, hindfoot 46-54 mm. No specific data are available for body weight. Millet’s Long-tailed Giant Rat is large and distinctive, with sleek and soft pelage. Dorsum is dark blackish brown, being darkest along spine and paler on sides and limbs. Venter is creamy white. Feet have dark brown stripe dorsally. Ears are moderately long, dark brown, naked, and leathery; vibrissae are very long. Tail is shorter than on other species of Leopoldamys (c.133% of head-body length), dark brown above and paler brown below. Skull is large, with wider interorbital breadth than any other species of Leopoldamys and large auditory bullae. There are four pairs of mammae: one pectoral, one post-axillary, and two inguinal pairs.
Habitat. Tropical primary and secondary montane forests.
Food and Feeding. Millet’s [Long-tailed Giant Rat is omnivorous.
Breeding. No information.
Activity patterns. Millet’s Long-tailed Giant Rat is terrestrial and probably nocturnal.
Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information.
Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. More research is needed to fully understand natural history and conservation threats facing Millet’s Long-tailed Giant Rat.
Bibliography. Balakirev, Abramov & Rozhnov (2013), Francis (2008), Latinne, Chaval et al. (2013), Musser (1981a), Musser & Carleton (2005).
description: Published as part of Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, 2017, Muridae, pp. 536-884 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 854, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6887260
Consumers Networks and Search Equilibria
Creators: name: Galeotti, Andrea
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2005
Subjects: networks, local externalities, non-sequential search

description: We explore the effect of local information sharing among consumers on market functioning. Consumers are embedded in a consumers network, they may costly search non-sequentially for price quotations and the information gathered are non-excludable along direct links. We first show that when search costs are low consumers randomize between searching for one price and two price quotations (high search intensity equilibrium). Otherwise, consumers randomize between searching for one price and not searching at all (low search intensity equilibrium). In both equilibria consumers search less frequently in denser networks. The main result of the paper shows that when search costs are low the expected price and the social welfare increase, while the consumer surplus decreases, as the consumers network becomes denser. These results are reverse when search costs are high.
description: I am grateful to V. Bhaskar, K. Burdett, G. Conti, S. Goyal, M. Janssen, S. Mutuswami and J.L. Moraga-Gonzalez for useful comments on earlier versions of the paper. I also thank seminar participants at University of Essex, Caltech and ESRC Research Seminars in Game Theory-UCL.
description: Submitted - sswp1225.pdf
Hitzeaktionspläne in Deutschland und Europa
Creators: name: Grewe, Henny Annette
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2024
Subjects: Heat action plans in Germany and Europe
death rates in the summer of 2003
plans for acute heatwaves
WHO Europe systematised 2008 such plans
Plans adapted for Germany in 2017

description: Heat action plans in Germany and the Europe: Heat action plans have been implemented in European countries since 2004 in response to the high death rates in the summer of 2003. They were and are primarily intervention plans for acute heatwaves. In 2008, WHO Europe systematised the success factors of such plans in eight core elements of a recommendation for action, which was adapted for Germany in 2017. For some years now, local authorities, federal states and the federal government in Germany have also been committed to systematic health protection during heatwaves. The first heat action plans have been published, but they still show some weaknesses in comparison with other European countries. This article discusses possible causes for existing incongruities and outlines approaches for optimisation based on European models.
Strategic analysis in complex networks with local externalities
Creators: name: Galeotti, Andrea
name: Vega-Redondo, Fernando
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2005
Subjects: complex networks, local externalities

description: In this paper, we discuss a model with local positive externalities on a complex random network that allows for wide heterogeneities among the agents. The situation can be analyzed as a game of incomplete information where each player's connectivity is her type. We focus on three paradigmatic cases in which the overall degree distribution is Poisson, exponential, and scale-free (given by a power law). For each of them, we characterize the equilibria and obtain interesting insights on the interplay between network topology and payoffs. For example, we reach the somewhat paradoxical conclusion that a broad degree distribution or/and too low a cost of effort render it difficult, if not impossible, to sustain an (efficient) high-effort configuration at equilibrium.
description: Submitted - sswp1224.pdf
Has The Cross-Section of Average Returns Always Been the Same? Evidence from Germany, 1881-1913
Creators: name: Bossaerts, Peter
name: Fohlin, Caroline
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2000
Subjects: Common stock returns, beta, momentum portfolio, selection bias

description: The cross-section of average annual returns on German common stock in the period of 1881-1913 exhibits several of the patterns that have been observed in more recent U.S. data. Market beta is hardly important, and its explanatory power is swamped by size and the ratio of book value to market value. A book-to-market risk measure (covariance with a portfolio long in high book-to-market firms and short in low book-to-market firms) has no effect on the explanatory power of the book-to-market characteristic. But the size effect appears to be caused by selection bias in the sample. And the book-to-market effect is opposite that of the recent U.S. experience (and, hence, can certainly not be attributed to selection bias). Finally, a momentum portfolio constructed on the basis of the error of the basic 3-characteristic model (market beta, size and book-to-market) does not generate significant returns. These findings highlight the variability in the power of certain characteristics in explaining the cross section of average returns.
description: The financial support of the National Science Foundation and the California Institute of Technology is gratefully acknowledged.
description: Submitted - sswp1084.pdf
Armascirus gimplei Smiley 1992
Creators: name: Skvarla, Michael J.
name: Dowling, Ashley P. G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Prostigmata
Cunaxidae
Armascirus
Armascirus gimplei

description: Armascirus gimplei Smiley, 1992
(Figs. 11–13)
Armascirus gimplei Smiley, 1992: 139, fig. 70A, B; Kalúz 2009: 37.
Diagnosis. Armascirus gimplei most closely resembles A. ozarkensis and A. cerris in that it has a small hysterosomal (median) shield that is not complemented with dorsal setae and has lateral platelets. It can be differentiated from A. cerris because it has 6 setae after coxae II (not including coxal, genital and anal setae) instead of 7. It can be differentiated from A. ozarkensis based on the lateral platelets, which are conspicuous and as long as the median shield in A. ozarkensis and inconspicuous and only as long as or slightly longer than c 2 in A. gimplei.
Remarks. After examining both the holotype and the newly collected specimen, differences between the original description and the specimens were found. Smiley (1992) states that the lateral hysterosomal platelets of A. gimplei are small and that c2 is located on the platelets. In reality the platelets are small and inconspicuous, but occur on the integument between d1 and c2 much as they do in other Armascirus. The structures previously reported as the lateral platelets are the same tiny platelets that occur at the base of all dorsal setae that are situated in the integument away from larger plates and shields.
The integument around the setae laterad of coxae III appears to be more sclerotized than the surrounding cuticle. This area does not bear the reticulated pattern of the coxal or dorsal plates. The structure is not visible in the holotype so we were unable to determine if it is present across the species or an anomaly of the specimen examined.
In addition, differences between the new specimen and the published leg setal formulae were found as follows: tibiae I with 2 asl, 1 mst, 4 sts; tibiae III with 1 bsl, 5 sts. Unfortunately the holotype is in a poor condition that does not allow these leg segments to be viewed, and therefore these differences cannot be corroborated with the type. Subcapitulum (Fig. 11 a), palp (Fig. 11 b), chelicera (Fig. 11 c), The idiosoma (12a, b) and legs (Fig. 13 a–d) have been illustrated based on the Ozark specimen to aid in identification.
Material examined (2 individuals on slides). Female holotype, ex. Tillandsia sp., Mexico, Vera Cruz. 6 April 1966, coll. J. T. Watt. ● 1 female (APGD 10-0730-005), ex. mixed cedar and deciduous litter, USA, Arkansas, Newton Co., Buffalo National River, Steel Creek (36° 01.924 N, 093° 20.040 W), 30 July 2010, by M. J. Skvarla.
description: Published as part of Skvarla, Michael J. & Dowling, Ashley P. G., 2012, Some new armascirine cunaxids (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) from the Eastern United States, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 3194 on pages 16-17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3194.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/201630
Tacit Collusion in Auctions and Conditions for Its Facilitation and Prevention: Equilibrium Selection in Laboratory Experimental Markets
Creators: name: Li, Jin
name: Plott, Charles R.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2005
Subjects: tacit collusion, information, auctions, game theory

description: The paper studies bidder behavior in simultaneous, continuous, ascending price auctions. The purpose is to create (possibly extreme) conditions under which tacit collusion develops quickly, naturally and reliably; study models of its development, and then study institutional and environmental remedies that would cause it to evolve into competitive behavior. Special environments were implemented with a purpose of creating good conditions for the development of tacit collusion. The special environments were based on a type of public, symmetrically "folded" preferences together with what we call "item-aligned" preferences. Once tacit collusion developed, remedies were implemented and the success of the remedies in promoting competitive behavior was studied.
The results are as follow. (1) The environmental conditions do foster tacit collusion. (2) The tacit collusion corresponds to the unique buyer Pareto Equilibrium of a game theoretic model of the auction process. (3) Once tacit collusion developed, it proved remarkably robust to institutional changes that weakened it as an equilibrium of the game theoretic model. (4) The only remedy that was clearly successful was a nonpublic change in the preference of participants that destroyed the symmetrically, "folded" and "item aligned" patterns of preferences, creating head to head competition between two agents reminiscent of the concept of a "maverick".
description: The support of the National Science Foundation, and the Caltech Laboratory for Experimental Economics is gratefully acknowledged. Comments from Katerina Sherstyuk, Joseph Cook, and participants in the Caltech seminar on laboratory methods in economics and political science were very helpful.
description: Submitted - sswp1223.pdf
Electoral Competition with Entry
Creators: name: Callander, Steven
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1999

description: By extending the established theoretical models of electoral competition with entry (eg. Palfrey (1984)) to incorporate simultaneous competition for multiple districts I produce a unique two party equilibrium under plurality rule with non-centrist party platforms. This equilibrium also precludes entry of additional parties. This result is used to provide a domain for which Duverger's Law could be expected to apply. I also present new results under the run-o_ rule for both the single district and multiple district frameworks. In the single district case I find that for the run-off rule the model is more consistent with empirical observation than it is for the plurality rule, but that this performance is reversed when we consider multiple districts. The paper also sheds some light on how the different levels of elections in the U.S. and other systems relate to each other.
description: The financial support of the Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences at Caltech is gratefully acknowledged. I would like to thank Jeff Banks for advice and guidance, and Garret Glasgow, Richard McKelvey, and Catherine Wilson for helpful comments.
description: Submitted - sswp1083.pdf
title: The Power of Diverse Voices
Creators: name: Chodacki, John
Publisher: name: DataCite
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04wxnsj81
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: As DataCite’s Board President, I’ve seen firsthand the powerful insights that diverse voices bring to our global community of research institutions. Each member of our Board represents unique experiences, backgrounds, and perspectives that help shape our decisions and drive our mission forward. Yet, as we prepare for the 2025 board election, we’re also focusing on expanding one dimension of diversity that has been underrepresented: geographic diversity.
Quantiles and Medians
Creators: name: Chambers, Christopher P.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2005
Subjects: Ordinal, quantile, median, axiom, risk measure, Value at Risk, intergenerational equity

description: We provide a list of functional equations that characterize quantile functions for collections of bounded and measurable functions. Our central axiom is ordinal covariance. When a probability measure is exogeneously given, we characterize quantiles with respect to that measure through monotonicity with respect to stochastic dominance. When none is given, we characterize those functions which are simply ordinally covariant and monotonic as quantiles with respect to capacities; and we also find an additional condition for finite probability spaces that allows us to represent the capacity as a probability measure. Additionally requiring that a function be covariant under its negation results in a generalized notion of median. Finally, we show that all of our theorems continue to hold under the weaker notion of covariance under increasing, concave transformations. Applications to the theory of ranking infinite utility streams and to the theory of risk measurement are provided.
description: I would like to thank Toyotaka Sakai for discussions on integenerational equity. All errors are my own.
description: Submitted - sswp1222.pdf
A Smart Market Solution to a Class of Back-Haul Transportation Problems: Concept and Experimental Testbeds
Creators: name: Brewer, Paul J.
name: Plott, Charles R.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2000
Subjects: Transportation: costs
Games/group decisions: bidding/auctions

description: Abstract: Back-haul problems occur in many areas of transportation. One way rental of equipment often takes it from an area of high demand to an area of low demand. Examples include container rentals, car rentals and other cases of mobile equipment. The problem is to return the equipment to the location of need. Typically this is viewed as an administrative and scheduling problem. The approach taken here is "decentralized" in which a specially designed market organizes competition and information to minimize the cost of back-hauls without the direct intervention of administrative negotiations or command-and-control types of scheduling. Laboratory experimental methods are employed to test the concept and explore its limitations.
description: Funding provided by the Caltech Experimental Economics and Political Science Laboratory and the United States National Science Foundation is gratefully acknowledged.

Published as Brewer, P.J., & Plott, C.R. (2002). A decentralized, smart market solution to a class of back-haul transportation problems: Concept and experimental test beds. Interfaces, 32(5), 13-36.
description: Submitted - sswp1082.pdf
Range Convexity and Ambiguity Averse Preferences
Creators: name: Ghirardato, Paolo
name: Marinacci, Massimo
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2000
Subjects: Ambiguity Aversion, Biseparable Preferences, Choquet Expected Utility, Maxmin Expected Utility, Range Convexity

description: We show that range convexity of beliefs, a 'technical' condition that appears naturally in axiomatizations of preferences in a Savage-like framework, imposes some unexpected restrictions when modelling ambiguity averse preferences. That is, when it is added to a mild condition, range convexity makes the preferences collapse to subjective expected utility as soon as they satisfy structural conditions that are typically used to characterize ambiguity aversion.
description: This paper was circulated earlier with the title "Convex-Rangedness in Decision Making with Additive and Non-Additive Beliefs." We thank Kim Border, Itzhak Gilboa, and especially Peter Wakker for helpful comments and discussion. Marinacci gratefully acknowledges the financial support of MURST.

Published as Ghirardato, P., & Marinacci, M. (2001). Range convexity and ambiguity averse preferences. Economic Theory, 17(3), 599-617.
description: Submitted - sswp1081.pdf
Banking Industry Structure, Competition, and Performance: Does Universality Matter?
Creators: name: Fohlin, Caroline
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2000
Subjects: Financial institutions, universal banking, financial system design, competition, concentration, banking industry structure, profitability, return on assets

description: By studying the German universal banking system in the pre-World War I period, in comparison with its American and British counterparts, this paper investigates whether universality (the combination of commercial and investment banking services) influences banking industry concentration, levels of market power, or financial performance of banks. The short answer is "no". First, given that the UK's specialized commercial banking sector was structured very similarly to the German universal industrial banking sector, and that neither system was extremely concentrated in the pre-war era, the paper argues that universality does not necessarily or uniquely propagate concentration. Second, on average, German universal banks behaved no less competitively than their American counterparts in the provision of loan services. Structural price markup models, as well as reduced-form Rosse-Panzar tests, demonstrate little deviation from competitive pricing in either country. The findings therefore indicate that universality does not lead to appreciable market power, in either an absolute or a relative sense. These same results also imply that banking industry concentration, at least up to the moderately high levels found in Germany, does not in itself produce anti-competitive behavior. The empirical results, though contradictory to common wisdom about German universal banking, are easily motivated by the theoretical literature in industrial organization. Finally, estimates of returns on equity and on assets suggest only slight international differences in average returns over extended periods, but large deviations in individual years. Adjusting for prevailing rates on government bonds, commercial loans, or commercial deposits narrows the gaps further. Universality is not linked with superior profitability, whether the hypothesized source is efficiency (economies of scope) or monopoly power. These three sets of findings may assuage fears that deregulation in American banking could lead to excessive concentration and therefore collusive behavior. At the same time, the results may lower hopes of significant efficiency gains from broadening the scope of services.
description: Thanks are due to Peter Bossaerts, John Latting, and Simon Wilkie for helpful discussions. I am grateful to Pei-Hua Hung, Jean Kim, Yong Kim, Jin Li, and Ernest Young for their energetic research assistance.
description: Submitted - sswp1078.pdf
Voluntary Implementation
Creators: name: Jackson, Matthew O.
name: Palfrey, Thomas R.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1999
Subjects: implementation, individual rationality, voluntary implementation, stationary implementation

description: We examine Nash implementation when individuals cannot be forced to accept the outcome of a mechanism. Two approaches are studied. The first approach is static where a state-contingent participation constraint defines an implicit mapping from rejected outcomes into outcomes that are individually rational. We call this voluntary implementation and show that the constrained Walrasian correspondence is not voluntarily implementable. The second approach is dynamic where a mechanism is replayed if the outcome at any stage is vetoed by one of the agents. We call this stationary implementation and show that if players discount the future in any way, then the constrained Walrasian correspondence is stationarily implementable.
description: Revised version. Original dated to May 1998.

We thank an associate editor, an anonymous referee, and Bhaskar Dutta for helpful comments and suggestions.

Published as Jackson, M. O., & Palfrey, T. R. (2001). Voluntary implementation. Journal of Economic Theory, 98(1), 1-25.
description: Submitted - sswp1077.pdf
A Crash Course in Implementation Theory
Creators: name: Jackson, Matthew O.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1999

description: These lectures are meant to familiarize the audience with some of the fundamental results in the theory of implementation and provide a quick progression to some open questions in the literature.
description: Revised version. Original dated to December 1997.

This paper provides a written version of lectures given at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Game Theory and Resource Allocation: The Axiomatic Approach, which took place at SUNY Stony Brook in July of 1997. I thank the organizers and especially William Thomson for organizing the institute and the participants for feedback on the lectures.

Published in Jackson, M.O. (2001). A crash course in implementation theory. Social choice and welfare, 18(4), 655-708.
description: Submitted - sswp1076.pdf
Heterometrus Ehrenberg 1828
Creators: name: Kovařík, František
name: Lowe, Graeme
name: Ranawana, Kithsiri B.
name: Hoferek, David
name: Š, V. A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Scorpiones
Scorpionidae
Heterometrus

description: Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828
(Figs. 15, 458–546, 571–574)
Buthus (Heterometrus) Ehrenberg in Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828: pl. 1, figs 1–2 (part, only fig. 2); Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1829: 351.
Heterometrus: Kovařík, 2004: 1–60, figs. 1–32 (complete reference and synonymy list until 2004); Kovařík, 2009: 34–49, 73–113, figs. 1–283.
TYPE SPECIES. Buthus (Heterometrus) spinifer Ehrenberg, 1828, by subsequent designation (Karsch, 1879: 20).
DIAGNOSIS: Total length 60–176 mm. Orthobothriotaxy type C. Pedipalp femur with three trichobothria, only one of which resides on internal surface. Pedipalp patella with 19 trichobothria, 3 ventral, and 13 external. Chela of pedipalp with 26 trichobothria. Retrolateral pedal spurs absent. Lateroapical margins of tarsi produced into rounded lobes. Metasomal segments I–IV with paired ventral submedian carinae. Stridulatory organ located on opposing surfaces of pedipalp coxa and first leg.
DISTRIBUTION. Oriental region from India to Indonesia.
description: Published as part of Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Ranawana, Kithsiri B., Hoferek, David & Š, V. A., 2016, Scorpions of Sri Lanka (Scorpiones Buthidae, Chaerilidae, Scorpionidae) with description of four new species of the genera Charmus Karsch, 1879 and Reddyanus Vachon, 1972, stat n, pp. 1-133 in Euscorpius 220 on page 96, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2016.vol2016.iss220.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7124466
Anpassungsmaßnahmen im Sektor Gesundheit
Creators: name: Hertig, Elke
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2024
Subjects: Adaptation in the health sector
health sector
weather events: heatwaves, floods, droughts, and fires
health risks
psychological stress
vulnerable groups: elderly, children, pregnant women
structural and behavioral prevention
digital technologies, medical information and education
AdaptNet project - adaptation measures
Tailored solutions

description: Adaptation measures in the health sector: Extreme weather events such as heatwaves, floods, droughts, and fires have increased in frequency and intensity and will continue to do so due to climate change. These extremes lead to direct and indirect health risks, affecting both physical health and causing psychological stress. Particularly vulnerable groups include the elderly, children, pregnant women, and outdoor workers. The health sector must adapt to be prepared for these challenges. Recommendations include structural and behavioral prevention, urban health planning, monitoring, digital technologies, medical information and education, communication, promotion of research, and intersectoral cooperation. The AdaptNet project develops adaptation measures for outpatient care to protect the health of the population in times of climate change. The implementation of climate adaptation measures is currently insufficient. Tailored solutions are required to meet local needs.
Existence of Equilibrium in Auctions and Discontinuous Bayesian Games: Endogenous and Incentive Compatible Sharing Rules
Creators: name: Jackson, Matthew O.
name: Swinkels, Jeroen M.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1999
Subjects: Bayesian Games, Existence, Equilibrium, Endogenous Sharing, Tie Breaking, Auctions

description: We consider discontinuous games with incomplete information. Auctions are a leading example. With standard tie breaking rules (or more generally, sharing rules), these games may not have equilibria. We consider sharing rules that depend on the private information of players. We show that there exists an equilibrium of an augmented game with an incentive compatible sharing rule in which players reveal their private information for the purpose of determining sharing. We also show that for a large class of private value auctions, ties never occur in the equilibrium of the augmented game. This establishes existence of equilibria in such auctions with standard tie breaking rules.
description: Revised version. Original dated to August 1999.

Independent work by Simon and Zame establishes results similar to some of those in this paper. We became aware of the overlap in our work in October 1999. We thank Leo Simon and Bill Zame for helpful conversations concerning existence in auctions in October 1997. We also thank Kim Border, Martin Cripps, John Nachbar, Larry Samuelson, Mark Satterthwaite, and Tianxiang Ye for helpful comments and suggestions.
description: Submitted - sswp1075.pdf
Regular Quantal Response Equilibrium
Creators: name: Goeree, Jacob K.
name: Holt, Charles H.
name: Palfrey, Thomas R.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2005
Subjects: Quantal response equilibrium, discrete choice models, reduced-form approach

description: The structural Quantal Response Equilibrium (QRE) generalizes the Nash equilibrium by augmenting payoffs with random elements that are not removed in some limit. This approach has been widely used both as a theoretical framework to study comparative statics of games and as an econometric framework to analyze experimental and field data. The framework of structural QRE is flexible: it can be applied to arbitrary infinite games and incorporate very general error structures. Restrictions on the error structure are needed, however, to place testable restrictions on the data (Haile et al., 2004). This paper proposes a reduced-form approach, based on quantal response functions that replace the best-response functions underlying the Nash equilibrium. We define a regular QRE as a fixed point of quantal response functions that satisfies four axioms: continuity, interiority, responsiveness, and monotonicity. We show that these conditions are not vacuous and demonstrate with an example that they imply economically sensible restrictions on data consistent with laboratory observations. The reduced-form approach allows for a richer set of regular quantal response functions, which has proven useful for estimation purposes.
description: Financial support from the National Science Foundation NSF (SBR-0098400 and SES-0079301) and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. The paper has benefitted from discussions with Michelle Goeree, Philip Haile, Ali Hortacsu, David Levine, Angela Moore, Brian Rogers and Larry Samuelson. The Haile et al. (2004) paper inspired us to think more deeply about the restrictions implied by QRE models. We also acknowledge helpful comments from seminar participants at the 2003 ESA North American Meeting and the Nottingham workshop on "The Role of Experimental Methods in Economics."
description: Submitted - sswp1219.pdf
An axiomatic theory of political representation
Creators: name: Chambers, Christopher P.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2005
Subjects: gerrymandering, representative systems, proportional representation, social choice, quasi-arithmetic means

description: We discuss the theory of voting rules which are immune to gerrymandering. Our approach is axiomatic. We show that any rule that is unanimous, anonymous, and representative consistent must decide a social alternative as a function of the proportions of agents voting for each alternative, and must either be independent of this proportion, or be in one-to-one correspondence with the proportions. In an extended model in which voters can vote over elements of the unit interval, we introduce and characterize the quasi-proportional rules based on unanimity, anonymity, representative consistency, strict monotonicity, and continuity. We show that we can always (pointwise) approximate a single-member district quota rule with a quasi-proportional rule. We also establish that upon weakening strict monotonicity, the generalized target rules emerge.
description: I would like to thank participants of the 2004 Meeting of the Society of Economic Design, and from the joint Harvard/MIT Economic Theory seminar.
description: Submitted - sswp1218.pdf
Dactyloscirus dolichosetosus Den Heyer 1979
Creators: name: Skvarla, Michael J.
name: Dowling, Ashley P. G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Prostigmata
Cunaxidae
Dactyloscirus
Dactyloscirus dolichosetosus

description: Dactyloscirus dolichosetosus Den Heyer, 1979
Dactyloscirus dolichosetosus Den Heyer, 1979b: 96, figs. 71–77; Sepasgosarian 1984: 141; Smiley 1992: 223, figs. 117A, B. Castro 2008: 91.
Dactyloscirus dolichosetosies Den Heyer 1979b: 96
Diagnosis. Dactyloscirus dolichosetosus resembles D. humuli, D. smileyi and D. condylus in that it possesses long lateral platelets but lacks a median shield. It can be distinguished from D. humuli and D. smileyi by the length of setae f1 and h1: f1 is shorter than h 1 in D. humuli and D. smileyi but equal in length in D. dolichosetosus. Dactyloscirus dolichosetosus possesses one telofemoral apophysis whereas D. condylus possesses a second flattened apophysis basally.
Remarks. Until recently this species was reported only from South Africa by Den Heyer (1979). The range expansion presented here, combined with Castro (2008) who reported it from Brazil, suggest it may have a much wider, possibly cosmopolitan, range. Den Heyer (1979) provides an abundance of illustrations and SEM images.
Material examined (17 individuals on slides). 2 females, ex litter, USA, Mississippi, Lee Co, Natchez Trace mi 260 (34° 08.083 N, 068° 50.250 W), 16 June 2009, coll. J. G. Hill. APGD 10-0119-001 ● 1 female (APGD 10- 0205-002), ex litter, USA, Mississippi, Lee Co, Natchez Trace mi 260 (34° 07.800 N, 068° 50.300 W), 16 June 2009, coll. J. G. Hill ● 1 female (Chickasaw ViII B), same data ● 3 females (APGD 10-1008-001), ex sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) litter on stable island in creek, USA, Arkansas, Newton Co, Buffalo National River, Steel Creek (36° 02.259 N, 093° 20.880 W), 8 October 2010, coll. M. J. Skvarla ● 1 female (APGD 10-1008-005), ex saturated moss along creek bank, same data ● 1 female (APGD 10-1010-001), ex moss along creek bank, same locality, (36° 02.016 N, 093° 20.137 W), 10 October 2010, coll. M. J. Skvarla ● 5 females (APGD 10-0725-003), ex maple (Acer sp.) litter drift against small log in secondary forest, USA, Pennsylvania, Westmoreland Co, Irwin, Paintertown (40° 22.183 N, 079° 41.917 W), 19 July 2010, coll. M. J. Skvarla ● 1 female (APGD 10-1002-003), same data, 2 October 2010, coll. M. J. Skvarla ● 1 female (APGD 10-0826-003), USA, Pennsylvania, Somerset Co, Laurel Hill State Park, nr. Eberly Scout Reservation (40° 00.963 N, 079° 14.233 W), 26 August 2010, coll. M. J. Skvarla ● 1 tritonymph (APGD 10-0609-004), pitfall in oak and juniper scrub, Missouri, Taney Co, Mark Twain National Forest, Hercules Glades (36° 41.196 N, 092°58.263), 0 9 June 2010, coll. J. R. Fisher and M. J. Skvarla.
description: Published as part of Skvarla, Michael J. & Dowling, Ashley P. G., 2012, Some new armascirine cunaxids (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) from the Eastern United States, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 3194 on pages 30-31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3194.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/201630
Consistent representative democracy
Creators: name: Chambers, Christopher P.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2005
Subjects: Social choice, representative systems, majority rule, gerrymandering

description: We study axioms which define "representative democracy" in an environment in which agents vote over a finite set of alternatives. We focus on a property that states that whether votes are aggregated directly or indirectly makes no difference. We call this property representative consistency. Representative consistency formalizes the idea that a voting rule should be immune to gerrymandering. We characterize the class of rules satisfying unanimity, anonymity, and representative consistency. We call these rules "partial priority rules." A partial priority rule can be interpreted as a rule in which each agent can "veto" certain alternatives. We investigate the implications of imposing other axioms to the list specified above. We also study the partial priority rules in the context of specific economic models.
description: I would like to thank John Duggan, Larry Epstein, Biung-Ghi Ju, Roger Lagunoff, Leonardo Martinez, Josef Perktold, Francesco Squintani, William Thomson, and Chun-Hsien Yeh for useful conversations. All errors are my own.
description: Submitted - sswp1217.pdf
Search in the Formation of Large Networks: How Random are Socially Generated Networks?
Creators: name: Jackson, Matthew O.
name: Rogers, Brian W.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2005
Subjects: Networks, Network Formation, Power Laws, Scale-Free Networks, Small Worlds, Search

description: We present a model of network formation where entering nodes find other nodes to link to both completely at random and through search of the neighborhoods of these randomly met nodes. We show that this model exhibits the full spectrum of features that have been found to characterize large socially generated networks. Moreover, we derive the distribution of degree (number of links) across nodes, and show that while the upper tail of the distribution is approximately "scale-free," the lower tail may exhibit substantial curvature, just as in observed networks. We then fit the model to data from six networks. Besides offering a close fit of these diverse networks, the model allows us to impute the relative importance of search versus random attachment in link formation. We find that the fitted ratio of random meetings to search-based meetings varies dramatically across these applications. Finally, we show that as this random/search ratio varies, the resulting degree distributions can be completely ordered in the sense of second order stochastic dominance. This allows us to infer how the relative randomness in the formation process affects average utility in the network.
description: We gratefully acknowledge financial support under NSF grant SES-0316493, the Lee Center for Advanced Networking, and a SISL/IST fellowship. We thank David Alderson, Hawoong Jeong, Sanjeev Goyal, Marco van der Leij, and Jose Luis Moraga-Gonzalez for making data available. We thank Steven Durlauf for a helpful discussion of the paper and Antoni Calvo-Armengol, Matthias Dahm, Dunia Lopez-Pintado, Fernando Vega-Redondo, and Duncan Watts for helpful comments and conversations.
description: Submitted - sswp1216.pdf
A Physically Consistent Model of Black Holes with Finite Density Cores
Creators: name: Fedotov, Anton
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 510106
subject: High energy astrophysics and galactic cosmic rays
classificationCode: 510304
subject: Thermodynamics and statistical physics
classificationCode: 510899
subject: Quantum physics not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 490204
subject: Mathematical aspects of general relativity

description: The problem of singularities in black holes remains one of the key unresolved issues in General Relativity (GR). Traditional solutions to the Einstein equations predict infinite density at the center of black holes, indicating a need for modifications to the theory. This paper presents a physically motivated model of black holes with finite-density cores, demonstrating agreement with energy conditions, stability of curvature invariants, and observable phenomena. We introduce a modified energy density, equation-of-state parameters, and pressure anisotropy, linking them to quantum effects and conditions in extreme environ ments.
Latin Majuscule Writing with semicursive hand: P. Herc. 394
Creators: name: Marichal, Robert
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2015

description: vue 82
description: "Annotations and bibliographical references on Tigranes, king of Armenia (I sec. BC). - Physical description of the 10 frames constituting P.Herc. 394; palaeographic description and drawing of the letters. Transcriptions of several fragments; drawings of some fragments (by Marichal). On the upper right corner of each sheet containing the transcription the indications 'micro' and 'Vu 54' are written with two different inks (light pink; dark pink); corrections and (later?) remarks with a different ink (light green). Photographs of the drawings. Photographs of the papyrus (sometimes with the date on the back, or with Marichal's indication of the number of bobin). - Below the number of the papyrus the indication 'Majuscule droite' is written by the same hand (Marichal?)"
description: Source: 4MAR_9_2_5-15.4
description: Relation: 4MAR_42_4-4, 4MAR_42_4-7
description: created: n.d., 1957