cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Cytokine Response to Ambient Particles Varies due to Field Collection Procedures
Creators: name: Verma, Gaurav
name: Fruin, Scott
name: McConnell, Rob
name: Berhane, Kiros
name: Peden, David
name: Diaz-Sanchez, David
name: Liu, Feifei
name: Wu, Weidong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: In vitro assays of biological activity induced by particulate matter (PM) are a tool for investigating mechanisms of PM health effects. They have potential application to exposure assessment in chronic disease epidemiology. However, there has been little reporting of the impact of real-world PM collection techniques on assay results. Therefore, we examined the effect of sampling duration and postsampling delays in freezing on PM-induced biological activity. Duplicate samples of respirable ambient Los Angeles PM were collected on polyurethane foam filters during 17 days and during three contemporaneous consecutive shorter periods. After collection, one duplicate was stored at ambient temperature for 24 hours before freezing; the other was frozen immediately. Cytokine response (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) to PM aqueous extract was assessed in THP-1 cells, a model for evaluating monocyte/macrophage lineage cell responses. There was consistent 3- to 4-fold variation in PM-induced cytokine levels across the three collection intervals. Compared with levels induced by PM pooled across the three periods, continuously collected PM-induced levels were reduced by 25% (IL-6) to 39% (IL-8). The pattern of cytokine gene expression response was similar. Cytokine level variation by time to freezing was not statistically significant. PM-induced inflammatory response varied substantially over a weekly time scale. We conclude that long PM sampling interval induced less activity than the average of equivalent shorter consecutive sampling intervals. Time to freezing was less important. Implications for development of metrics of long-term spatial variation in biological exposure metrics for study of chronic disease merit further investigation.
Breaking the In Vitro Alveolar Type II Cell Proliferation Barrier while Retaining Ion Transport Properties
Creators: name: Cheluvaraju, Chaitra
name: Liu, Xuefeng
name: Jones, Lisa C.
name: Schlegel, Richard
name: Randell, Scott H.
name: Bove, Peter F.
name: Dang, Hong
name: Boucher, Richard C.
name: O’Neal, Wanda K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Alveolar type (AT)I and ATII cells are central to maintaining normal alveolar fluid homeostasis. When disrupted, they contribute to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Research on ATII cells has been limited by the inability to propagate primary cells in vitro to study their specific functional properties. Moreover, primary ATII cells in vitro quickly transdifferentiate into nonproliferative “ATI-like” cells under traditional culture conditions. Recent studies have demonstrated that normal and tumor cells grown in culture with a combination of fibroblast (feeder cells) and a pharmacological Rho kinase inhibitor (Y-27632) exhibit indefinite cell proliferation that resembled a “conditionally reprogrammed cell” phenotype. Using this coculture system, we found that primary human ATII cells (1) proliferated at an exponential rate, (2) established epithelial colonies expressing ATII-specific and “ATI-like” mRNA and proteins after serial passage, (3) up-regulated genes important in cell proliferation and migration, and (4) on removal of feeder cells and Rho kinase inhibitor under air–liquid interface conditions, exhibited bioelectric and volume transport characteristics similar to freshly cultured ATII cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that this novel coculture technique breaks the in vitro ATII cell proliferation barrier while retaining cell-specific functional properties. This work will allow for a significant increase in studies designed to elucidate ATII cell function with the goal of accelerating the development of novel therapies for alveolar diseases.
Características de la igualdad formal y la igualdad material
Creators: name: Palacios Sanabria, María Teresa
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: Recurso interactivo perteneciente al mooc Enfoque diferencial para el logro de la igualdad en el cual se explican las características de la igualdad formal y la igualdad material.
Inflammatory Response of Monocytes to Ambient Particles Varies by Highway Proximity
Creators: name: Berhane, Kiros
name: Liu, Feifei
name: Jaspers, Ilona
name: Muller, Robin
name: Diaz-Sanchez, David
name: Peden, David B.
name: Fruin, Scott
name: Wu, Weidong
name: McConnell, Rob
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations of chronic respiratory disease with near-roadway pollutant exposure, effects that were independent of those of regional air pollutants. However, there has been limited study of the potential mechanisms for near-roadway effects. Therefore, we examined the in vitro effect of respirable particulate matter (PM) collected adjacent to a major Los Angeles freeway and at an urban background location. PM was collected on filters during two consecutive 15-day periods. Oxidative stress and inflammatory response (intracellular reactive oxygen species [ROS], IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) to PM aqueous extract was assessed in THP-1 cells, a model for evaluating monocyte/macrophage lineage cell responses. The near-roadway PM induced statistically significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α (P < 0.01) and a near significant increase in IL-1β (P = 0.06) but did not induce ROS activity (P = 0.17). The contrast between urban background and near-roadway PM-induced inflammatory cytokines was similar in magnitude to that corresponding to temporal differences between the two collection periods. PM-induced proinflammatory protein expression was attenuated by antioxidant pretreatment, and PM stimulation enhanced the activity of protein kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Pretreatment of THP-1 cells with kinase inhibitors reduced PM-induced proinflammatory mediator expression. The proinflammatory response was also reduced by pretreatment with polymyxin B, suggesting a role for endotoxin. However, the patterns of PM-induced protein kinase response and the attenuation of inflammatory responses by antioxidant or polymyxin B pretreatment did not vary between near-roadway and urban background locations. We conclude that near-roadway PM produced greater inflammatory response than urban background PM, a finding consistent with emerging epidemiologic findings, but these differences were not explained by PM endotoxin content or by MAPK pathways. Nevertheless, THP-1 cells may be a model for the development of biologically relevant metrics of long-term spatial variation in exposure for study of chronic disease.
A new Monte Carlo Generator for BSM physics in $B\to K^* \ell^+ \ell^-$ decays with an application to lepton non-universality in angular distributions
Creators: name: Sibidanov, A.
name: Browder, T. E.
name: Dubey, S.
name: Kohani, S.
name: Mandal, R.
name: Sandilya, S.
name: Sinha, R.
name: Vahsen, S. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the widely used EvtGen framework, we have added a new event generator model for $B\to K^* \ell^+ \ell^-$ with improved standard model (SM) decay amplitudes and possible BSM physics contributions, which are implemented in the operator product expansion in terms of Wilson coefficients. This event generator can then be used to investigate the experimental sensitivity to the most general BSM signal resulting from dimension-six operators. We describe the advantages and potential of the newly developed `Sibidanov Physics Generator' in improving experimental sensitivity of searches for lepton non-universal BSM physics and clarifying signatures. The new generator can properly simulate BSM scenarios, interference between SM and BSM amplitudes, and correlations between different BSM observables as well as acceptance bias. We show that exploiting such correlations substantially improves experimental sensitivity. As a demonstration of the utility of the MC generator, we examine the prospects for improved measurements of lepton non-universality in angular distributions for $B \to K^* \ell^+ \ell^-$ decays from the expected 50 ab$^{-1}$ data set of the Belle II experiment, using a four-dimensional unbinned maximum likelihood fit. We describe promising experimental signatures and correlations between observables. The use of lepton-universality violating $Δ$-observables significantly reduces uncertainties in the SM expectations due to QCD and resonance effects and is ideally suited for Belle II with the large data sets expected in the next decade. Our simulation studies also show that Belle II should have excellent sensitivity to BSM physics in the Wilson coefficients $C_7$ and $C_7'$, which appears at low $q^2$ in the di-electron channel.
description: A contribution to Snowmass 2021 but not included in the final proceedings, published in JHEP
Grube-Rosenfelde LA 83, Kreis Ostholstein: ein Funktionsplatz der akeramischen Ertebølle-Kultur in Schleswig-Holstein
Creators: name: Schmütz, Ina-Isabelle
Publisher: name: Offa
Year: 2022

description: Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die Ergebnisse aus den insgesamt über 160 m2 umfassenden Grabungsflächen von Grube-Rosenfelde LA 83 vorzulegen und zu interpretieren, die in den Jahren 2001 und 2003 unter der Leitung von Sönke Hartz, Archäologisches Landesmuseum, Schleswig, untersucht wurden. Die Erhaltungsbedingungen für organisches Material am Fundplatz Rosenfelde sind als gut zu bezeichnen. Zu den Funden gehören neben Steinartefakten auch Tierknochen, Hölzer und botanische Reste. Hinsichtlich des Steinmaterials konnte ein kleines Werkzeugspektrum bestehend aus mehreren Kernbeilen, Bohrern, querschneidigen Pfeilspitzen, endretuschierten und kantenparallelen Klingen sowie entsprechende Klingenkerne nachgewiesen werden. Keramik und flächenretuschierte Scheibenbeile fanden sich nicht. Die Menge der Fischknochen und auch die Artenvielfalt im Vergleich zu spät-ertebøllezeitlichen Fundplätzen wie Neustadt LA 156, Grube-Rosenhof LA 58 oder Timmendorf-Nordmole ist gering. Fischfang wird ebenfalls durch Holzfunde wie Paddel, Reusen und Aalstechersprossen belegt, sie sind Anzeichen für eine intensive und spezialisierte Nutzung des marinen Nahrungsangebotes. Die Funde von gebrannten Haselnussschalen, bearbeiteten Hölzern und Säugetierknochen belegen zusätzlich die Nutzung des Umlandes als Jagd- und Sammelreviere und zur Beschaffung von Rohmaterial. Die Knochen mit Arbeitsspuren deuten auf das Zerlegen der Tiere, das Auslösen des Fleisches und auf die Gewinnung von Knochenmark hin. Von Bedeutung ist, dass außer Hunden keine domestizierten Tierarten nachgewiesen werden konnten. Insgesamt ist im Vergleich mit anderen ertebøllezeitlichen Fundplätzen das Tierartenspektrum verhältnismäßig klein. Es wird dominiert von Ur, Rothirsch und Wildschwein, deren Knochen zum Teil im Verbund liegen. Knochen größerer Seesäuger sind selten, sie scheinen also nicht oder nur ausnahmsweise gejagt worden zu sein. Festzuhalten ist, dass alle Befunde und Funde auf die besondere Funktion des Fundplatzes hinweisen, der als spezialisierte Fangstation bezeichnet werden kann. Mit Grube-Rosenfelde LA 83 liegt nicht nur der erste ausgegrabene akeramische Küstenplatz der Ertebølle-Kultur in Schleswig-Holstein vor, sondern auch eine Siedlung, deren Befund- und Fundsituation eindeutige Hinweise auf spezielle Aktivitäten liefert.
description: Offa, 71/72 (2014/2015)
Epidemiological and ecological evaluation of the impact of housing quality on malaria incidence in Lilongwe, Malawi
Creators: name: Harrington, Meagan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Across sub-Saharan Africa, malaria remains a significant cause of death across socioeconomic and demographic contexts, despite significant international investment in malaria prevention methods. Current interventions to reduce malaria incidence, including vaccination, are insufficient for malaria eradication, prompting further research into strategies to minimize malaria exposure. Recent vaccination efforts have shown some promising results, though vaccine efficacy is heterogeneous, potentially due to factors in the natural and built environment. The built environment and housing quality can have significant implications on mosquito entry to homes, particularly at night when mosquitoes are most active. Utilizing a series of descriptive analyses and Poisson regression models, this study explores how housing characteristics effect malaria incidence, and how housing modifies the efficacy of the malaria vaccine. Results from these analyses indicate that no windows, plastic/paper/carton windows, open windows, grass roofs, and visible holes are associated with increased malaria incidence compared to the current best practice, whereas cement walls are associated with decreased malaria incidence. We also found that no housing characteristic had a significant effect on vaccine efficacy, except for cement outer walls in the 4-dose treatment group. We can thus conclude that housing improvements offer a promising approach to malaria control and prevention, supporting existing findings in the literature.
Integrative Genetic Analysis of Allergic Inflammation in the Murine Lung
Creators: name: Carpenter, Danielle E.
name: Rutledge, Holly
name: Chesler, Elissa J.
name: Chines, Peter
name: Kelada, Samir N. P.
name: Churchill, Gary A.
name: Collins, Francis S.
name: Pardo-Manuel de Villena, Fernando
name: Schwartz, David A.
name: Aylor, David L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Airway allergen exposure induces inflammation among individuals with atopy that is characterized by altered airway gene expression, elevated levels of T helper type 2 cytokines, mucus hypersecretion, and airflow obstruction. To identify the genetic determinants of the airway allergen response, we employed a systems genetics approach. We applied a house dust mite mouse model of allergic airway disease to 151 incipient lines of the Collaborative Cross, a new mouse genetic reference population, and measured serum IgE, airway eosinophilia, and gene expression in the lung. Allergen-induced serum IgE and airway eosinophilia were not correlated. We detected quantitative trait loci (QTL) for airway eosinophilia on chromosome (Chr) 11 (71.802–87.098 megabases [Mb]) and allergen-induced IgE on Chr 4 (13.950–31.660 Mb). More than 4,500 genes expressed in the lung had gene expression QTL (eQTL), the majority of which were located near the gene itself. However, we also detected approximately 1,700 trans-eQTL, and many of these trans-eQTL clustered into two regions on Chr 2. We show that one of these loci (at 147.6 Mb) is associated with the expression of more than 100 genes, and, using bioinformatics resources, fine-map this locus to a 53 kb-long interval. We also use the gene expression and eQTL data to identify a candidate gene, Tlcd2, for the eosinophil QTL. Our results demonstrate that hallmark allergic airway disease phenotypes are associated with distinct genetic loci on Chrs 4 and 11, and that gene expression in the allergically inflamed lung is controlled by both cis and trans regulatory factors.
Mapping meiotic crossovers in Drosophila using combinatorial indexing and whole-genome sequencing.
Creators: name: Kaeppler, Emma
name: Turcotte, Carolyn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Crossovers ensure proper segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Homologous recombination repairs double-strand DNA breaks and can result in crossover or non-crossover outcomes. Crossover patterning regulates which double-strand breaks become crossovers, as there are many more double-strand breaks than crossovers. The model organism Drosophila melanogaster is typically used to study crossover patterning with phenotypic markers for recessive alleles on a single chromosome. However, this leads to a low resolution of recombination frequency and requires researchers to screen thousands of flies visually. Sci-L3 combines LIANTI, a type of linear whole genome amplification, with unique DNA sequences used as barcodes so that sequencing results can be attributed to specific cells. Developing sci-L3 to be used with Drosophila will allow for next-generation sequencing to be used in place of phenotypic markers when studying crossovers. Sci-L3 of wild-type Drosophila results in DNA fragments of varying lengths. Similar linear amplification techniques can be used to sequence crossover events on all four daughter cells from one meiotic event. Using sci-L3, thousands of meiotic events can be sequenced rapidly at a fraction of the cost of whole genome sequencing.
Plan de Acción Nacional Colombia
Creators: name: Perdomo Vela, Liliana
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: Recurso en el cual se presental algunos aspectos del Plan de Acción Nacional de Colombia, enfatizando en el impacto a nivel local que ha tenido la agenda internacional en materia de empresas y derechos humanos en un caso concreto.
"Selig, die verfolgt werden um der Gerechtigkeit willen" (Mt 5,10)
Creators: name: Kertelge, Karl
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 16 Nr. 2 (1987): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 16, Heft 2
To Type or Not to Type? A Systematic Comparison of the Software Quality of JavaScript and TypeScript Applications on GitHub
Creators: name: Bogner, Justus
name: Merkel, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: JavaScript (JS) is one of the most popular programming languages, and widely used for web apps and even backend development. Due to its dynamic nature, however, JS applications often have a reputation for poor software quality. As a type-safe superset of JavaScript, TypeScript (TS) offers features to address this. However, there is currently insufficient empirical evidence to broadly support the claim that TS apps exhibit better software quality than JS apps.
 We therefore conducted a repository mining study based on 604 GitHub projects (299 for JS, 305 for TS) with over 16M LoC and collected four facets of software quality: a) code quality (# of code smells per LoC), b) code understandability (cognitive complexity per LoC), c) bug proneness (bug fix commit ratio), and d) bug resolution time (mean time a bug issue is open). For TS, we also collected how frequently the type-safety ignoring `any` type was used.
 The analysis indicates that TS apps exhibit significantly better code quality and understandability than JS apps. Contrary to expectations, however, bug proneness and bug resolution time of our TS sample were not significantly lower than for JS: mean bug fix commit ratio was more than 60% larger (0.126 vs. 0.206), and TS projects needed on average more than an additional day to fix bugs (31.86 vs. 33.04 days). Furthermore, reducing the usage of the `any` type in TS apps was significantly correlated with all metrics except bug proneness (Spearman's rho between 0.17 and 0.26).
 Our results indicate that the perceived positive influence of TypeScript for avoiding bugs in comparison to JavaScript may be more complicated than assumed. While using TS seems to have benefits, it does not automatically lead to less and easier to fix bugs. However, more research is needed in this area, especially concerning the potential influence of project complexity and developer experience.
description: Accepted at MSR '22 (19th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories)
Farmers’ attitudes towards antimicrobial use and awareness of antimicrobial resistance: a comparative study among turkey and rabbit farmers
Creators: name: Martino, Guido Di
name: Crovato, Stefania
name: Pinto, Anna
name: Dorotea, Tiziano
name: Mascarello, Giulia
name: Brunetta, Romina
name: Agnoletti, Fabrizio
name: Lebana Bonfanti
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cardiology

description: We conducted a survey of attitudes towards antimicrobial use and awareness of antimicrobial resistance among turkey and rabbit farmers (N = 117 and N = 41, respectively) in Italy’s utmost turkey- and rabbit-producing region. We found either similarities or significant differences between these two livestock sectors. Most farmers of both groups (72% of turkey farmers vs 76% of rabbit farmers) reported that antimicrobials are properly used in their farms. Almost three-quarters of the farmers reported that antimicrobials solve the health problem treated for. However, 47% of turkey farmers and 78% of rabbit farmers reported that antimicrobial use could be decreased, with a 20–30% reduction being the most frequently chosen range. Genetic improvement was reported to be the main factor able to reduce antimicrobial use in turkeys, whereas improvements in feed quality and microclimate were the main factors for rabbits. Most farmers reported that high antimicrobial use may affect the quality of meat products and be hazardous to human health, but they also reported that antimicrobial resistance is mainly related to antimicrobial use in humans. In conclusion, turkey and rabbit farmers have a generally positive opinion on veterinary antimicrobial use, but also low levels of awareness of the negative impact on public health. Economic and structural factors of rabbit production industry may explain the differences observed. Farm veterinarians will be crucial to support farmers’ education and the expected transition to lower antimicrobial use while maintaining high animal health/welfare standards.Highlights47% of turkey vs. 78% of rabbit farmers thought that antimicrobial use can be decreasedA 20–30% reduction of antimicrobials was the most frequently supposed rangeTurkey and rabbit farmers showed a low level of awareness of the negative impact of antimicrobial usage in their farms on human health 47% of turkey vs. 78% of rabbit farmers thought that antimicrobial use can be decreased A 20–30% reduction of antimicrobials was the most frequently supposed range Turkey and rabbit farmers showed a low level of awareness of the negative impact of antimicrobial usage in their farms on human health
Star-forming galaxies as the origin of the IceCube PeV neutrinos
Creators: name: Chang, Xiao-Chuan
name: Liu, Ruo-Yu
name: Wang, Xiang-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Star-forming galaxies, due to their high star-formation rates and hence large number of supernova remnants therein, are huge reservoirs of cosmic rays (CRs). These CRs collide with gases in the galaxies and produce high-energy neutrinos through $pp$ collisions. In this paper, we calculate the neutrino production efficiency in star-forming galaxies by considering realistic galaxy properties, such as the gas density and galactic wind in star-forming galaxies. To calculate the accumulated neutrino flux, we use the infrared luminosity function of star-forming galaxies obtained by {\em Herschel} PEP/HerMES survey recently. The intensity of CRs producing PeV neutrinos in star-forming galaxies is normalized with the observed CR flux at EeV ({1\,EeV=$10^{18}\,$eV}), assuming that supernova remnants or hypernova remnants in star-forming galaxies can accelerate protons to EeV energies. Our calculations show that the accumulated neutrino emission produced by CRs in star-forming galaxies can account for the flux and spectrum of the sub-PeV/PeV neutrinos under reasonable assumptions on the CR confinement time in these galaxies.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, Accepted by ApJ, Minor changes following referee's comments
Design of an Application for Collaboration and Interaction with Animated Content for Children in a Television Ecosystem
Creators: name: Marques, Jorge Teixeira
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 80602 Computer-Human Interaction
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The ongoing research project presented in this paper aims to propose and evaluate models of interaction with audiovisual animated content in an interactive television ecosystem. Through the referred models we aim to understand the extent to which an interactive animation application can encourage the shared participation of children at primary school level in taking an active role while watching TV animation. Here we present the conceptual and empirical methodology adopted to develop the research work and the current state of research.
Lo que debes saber sobre los Principios Rectores de las Naciones Unidas
Creators: name: Perdomo Vela, Liliana
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: Recurso interactivo perteneciente al mooc Derechos humanos y empresas en el cual se presental los aspectos más relevantes sobre la norma de conducta a nivel mundial a patir de los Principios Rectores de las Naciones Unidas.
Impact of in-situ controlled disorder screening on fractional quantum Hall effects and composite-fermion transport
Creators: name: Akiho, T.
name: Muraki, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the impact of random potential due to remote impurites (RIs) and its in-situ controlled screening on fractional quantum Hall effects (FQHEs) around Landau-level filling factor $ν= 1/2$. The experiment is made possible by using a dual-gate GaAs quantum well (QW) that allows for the independent control of the density $n_{e}$ of the two-dimensional electron system in the QW and that ($n_\text{SL}$) of excess electrons in the modulation-doping superlattice. As the screening is reduced by decreasing $n_\text{SL}$ at a fixed $n_{e}$, we observe a decrease in the apparent energy gap of the FQHEs deduced from thermal activation, which signifies a corresponding increase in the disorder broadening $Γ$ of composite fermions (CFs). Interestingly, the increase in $Γ$ is accompanied by a noticeable increase in the longitudinal resistivity at $ν= 1/2$ ($ρ_{1/2}$), with a much stronger correlation with $Γ$ than electron mobility $μ$ has. The in-situ control of RI screening enables us to disentangle the contributions of RIs and background impurities (BIs) to $ρ_{1/2}$, with the latter in good agreement with the CF theory. We construct a scaling plot that helps in estimating the BI contribution to $ρ_{1/2}$ for a given set of $n_{e}$ and $μ$.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Inter-α-Inhibitor Blocks Epithelial Sodium Channel Activation and Decreases Nasal Potential Differences in ΔF508 Mice
Creators: name: Lim, Yow-Pin
name: Woodworth, Bradford A.
name: Matalon, Sadis
name: Zhang, Shaoyan
name: Ness, Emily C.
name: Stober, Vandy P.
name: Muhlebach, Marianne S.
name: Lazrak, Ahmed
name: Garantziotis, Stavros
name: Jurkuvenaite, Asta
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Increased activity of lung epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) contributes to the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF) by increasing the rate of epithelial lining fluid reabsorption. Inter-α-inhibitor (IαI), a serum protease inhibitor, may decrease ENaC activity by preventing its cleavage by serine proteases. High concentrations of IαI were detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of children with CF and lower airway diseases. IαI decreased amiloride-sensitive (IENaC) but not cAMP-activated Cl− currents across confluent monolayers of rat ATII, and mouse nasal epithelial cells grew in primary culture by 45 and 25%, respectively. Changes in IENaC by IαI in ATII cells were accompanied by increased levels of uncleaved (immature) surface α-ENaC. IαI increased airway surface liquid depth overlying murine nasal epithelial cells to the same extent as amiloride, consistent with ENaC inhibition. Incubation of lung slices from C57BL/6, those lacking phenylalanine at position 508 (∆F508), or CF transmembrane conductance regulator knockout mice with IαI for 3 hours decreased the open probability of their ENaC channels by 50%. ∆F508 mice had considerably higher levels the amiloride-sensitive fractions of ENaC nasal potential difference (ENaC-NPD) than wild-type littermates and only background levels of IαI in their BALF. A single intranasal instillation of IαI decreased their ENaC-NPD 24 hours later by 25%. In conclusion, we show that IαI is present in the BALF of children with CF, is an effective inhibitor of ENaC proteolysis, and decreases ENaC activity in lung epithelial cells of ∆F508 mice.
Geometric Approach to Circular Photon Orbits and Black Hole Shadows
Creators: name: Qiao, Chen-Kai
name: Li, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Circular photon orbit and black hole shadow are significantly important issues in physics and astronomy, and a number of breakthroughs have been witnessed in recent years. Conventionally, the stable and unstable circular photon orbits are obtained using the effective potential of test particles moving in black hole spacetime. In this work, a pure geometric approach is developed to calculate these circular photon orbits and black hole shadow radius. Furthermore, it can be proved that our geometric approach is completely equivalent to the conventional approach based on effective potentials of test particles.
description: 6+5 pages, 3+1 figures, 2+1 tables; V2: major revision; V3: post-published version, some typos in equations are corrected
Two-Dimensional Valley Electrons and Excitons in Noncentrosymmetric 3R MoS$_{2}$
Creators: name: Akashi, Ryosuke
name: Ochi, Masayuki
name: Bordács, Sándor
name: Suzuki, Ryuji
name: Tokura, Yoshinori
name: Iwasa, Yoshihiro
name: Arita, Ryotaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find that the motion of the valley electrons -- electronic states close to the ${\rm K}$ and ${\rm K'}$ points of the Brillouin zone -- is confined into two dimension when the layers of MoS$_{2}$ follow the 3R stacking, while in the 2H polytype the bands have dispersion in all the three dimensions. According to our first-principles band structure calculations, the valley states have no interlayer hopping in 3R-MoS$_{2}$, which is proved to be the consequence of the rotational symmetry of the Bloch functions. By measuring the reflectivity spectra and analyzing an anisotropic hydrogen atomic model, we confirm that the valley excitons in 3R-MoS$_{2}$ have two-dimensional hydrogen-like spectral series, and the spreads of the wave function are smaller than the interlayer distance. In contrast, the valley excitons in 2H-MoS$_{2}$ are well described by the three-dimensional model and thus not confined in a single layer. Our results indicate that the dimensionality of the valley degree of freedom can be controlled simply by the stacking geometry, which can be utilized in future valleytronics.
description: Main text: 5 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables. Supplemental Material: 2 pages, 1 figure. Submitted; Ver2: Discussion has been extended and Title has been changed upon publication
Debida diligencia empresarial en Derechos Humanos
Creators: name: Perdomo Vela, Liliana
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: Recurso audiovisual perteneciente al mooc Derechos humanos y empresas en el cual se explica el concepto de la debida diligencia y cada una de sus fases, en el marco de prevenir impactos negativos sobre los Derechos Humanos.
Landau levels and magneto-transport property of monolayer phosphorene
Creators: name: Zhou, X. Y.
name: Zhang, R.
name: Sun, J. P.
name: Zou, Y. L.
name: Zhang, D.
name: Lou, W. K.
name: Cheng, F.
name: Zhou, G. H.
name: Zhai, F.
name: Chang, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate theoretically the Landau levels (LLs) and magneto-transport properties of phosphorene under a perpendicular magnetic field within the framework of the effective \textbf{\emph{k$\cdot$p}} Hamiltonian and tight-binding (TB) model. At low field regime, we find that the LLs linearly depend both on the LL index $n$ and magnetic field $B$, which is similar with that of conventional semiconductor two-dimensional electron gas. The Landau splittings of conduction and valence band are different and the wavefunctions corresponding to the LLs are strongly anisotropic due to the different anisotropic effective masses. An analytical expression for the LLs in low energy regime is obtained via solving the decoupled Hamiltonian, which agrees well with the numerical calculations. At high magnetic regime, a self-similar Hofstadter butterfly (HB) spectrum is obtained by using the TB model. The HB spectrum is consistent with the Landau level fan calculated from the effective \textbf{\emph{k$\cdot$p}} theory in a wide regime of magnetic fields. We find the LLs of phosphorene nanoribbon depend strongly on the ribbon orientation due to the anisotropic hopping parameters. The Hall and the longitudinal conductances (resistances) clearly reveal the structure of LLs.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Accommodative asthenopia among Romanian computer-using medical students—A neglected occupational disease
Creators: name: Horatiu-Remus Moldovan
name: Septimiu-Toader Voidazan
name: Moldovan, Gabriela
name: Maria-Ancuta Vlasiu
name: Moldovan, Geanina
name: Panaitescu, Roxana
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Computers have become to play an important role in people’s lives throughout the world thus increasing the number of patients with ocular complaints. Also known as computer vision syndrome, accommodative asthenopia might be considered as a neglected occupational condition, but there is no consensus regarding diagnostic criteria, which leads to under-recognition and under-reporting. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence, early symptoms and specific preventive measures of accommodative asthenopia among computer-using medical students (n = 420), in a cross-sectional study. The most common early symptoms were: tired eyes/eye strain (86.1%), burning eyes (46.8%), migraines/headaches (46.8%), red-swollen eyes (43%), photophobia (41.8%), temporary blurred vision (35.4%), and eyelid spasms (32.9%). Our study identifies the most frequent early symptoms of accommodative asthenopia as a possible occupational disease, which might serve as a fundament for a future consensus strategy.
Fractional instantons and bions in the O(N) model with twisted boundary conditions
Creators: name: Nitta, Muneto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, multiple fractional instanton configurations with zero instanton charge, called bions, have been revealed to play important roles in quantum field theories on compactified spacetime. In two dimensions, fractional instantons and bions have been extensively studied in the ${\mathbb C}P^{N-1}$ model and the Grassmann sigma model on ${\mathbb R}^1 \times S^1$ with the ${\mathbb Z}_N$ symmetric twisted boundary condition. Fractional instantons in these models are domain walls with a localized $U(1)$ modulus twisted half along their world volume. In this paper, we classify fractional instantons and bions in the $O(N)$ nonlinear sigma model on ${\mathbb R}^{N-2} \times S^1$ with more general twisted boundary conditions in which arbitrary number of fields change sign. We find that fractional instantons have more general composite structures, that is, a global vortex with an Ising spin (or a half-lump vortex), a half sine-Gordon kink on a domain wall, or a half lump on a "space-filling brane" in the $O(3)$ model (${\mathbb C}P^1$ model) on ${\mathbb R}^{1} \times S^1$, and a global monopole with an Ising spin (or a half-Skyrmion monopole), a half sine-Gordon kink on a global vortex, a half lump on a domain wall, or a half Skyrmion on a "space-filling brane" in the $O(4)$ model (principal chiral model or Skyrme model) on ${\mathbb R}^{2} \times S^1$. We also construct bion configurations in these models.
description: 43 pages, 16 figures, v2: a reference added, published version
L-proline catalyzed multicomponent domino reaction in polyethyleneglycol-400 for regioselective synthesis of pyrazolyl-tetrahydroindazolones under microwave irradiation
Creators: name: Bayannavar, Praveen K.
name: Ravindra R. Kamble
name: Shaikh, Saba Kauser J.
name: S. Madan Kumar
name: Mahadev N. Kumbar
name: Aravind R. Nesaragi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: A simple and convenient approach for the synthesis of pyrazolyl-tetrahydroindazolones via L-proline catalyzed three component domino reaction of arylhydrazine, dimedone and pyrazole aldehyde in polyethyleneglycol-400 (PEG-400) under microwave irradiation is described. This novel and green protocol proceeds smoothly in good to excellent yields and provides several advantages such as shorter reaction time, metal-free reaction conditions, simple work-up procedures. Also, recycling of the catalyst and solvent was observed without the loss of activity for three (03) runs.
Role of C-C Motif Ligand 2 and C-C Motif Receptor 2 in Murine Pulmonary Graft-versus-Host Disease after Lipopolysaccharide Inhalations
Creators: name: Martinu, Tereza
name: Nugent, Julia L.
name: Palmer, Scott M.
name: Kinnier, Christine V.
name: Foster, W. Michael
name: Kelly, Francine L.
name: Gowdy, Kymberly M.
name: Lyes, Matthew A.
name: Sun, Jesse
name: Gunn, Michael D.
name: Nelson, Margaret E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Environmental exposures are a potential trigger of chronic pulmonary graft-versus-host disease (pGVHD) after successful recovery from hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). We hypothesized that inhalations of LPS, a prototypic environmental stimulus, trigger pGVHD via increased pulmonary recruitment of donor-derived antigen-presenting cells (APCs) through the C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2)–C-C motif receptor 2 (CCR2) chemokine axis. B10.BR(H2k) and C57BL/6(H2b) mice underwent allogeneic (Allo) or syngeneic (Syn) HCT with wild-type (WT) C57BL/6, CCL2−/−, or CCR2−/− donors. After 4 weeks, recipient mice received daily inhaled LPS for 5 days and were killed at multiple time points. Allo mice exposed to repeated inhaled LPS developed prominent lymphocytic bronchiolitis, similar to human pGVHD. The increase in pulmonary T cells in Allo mice after LPS exposures was accompanied by increased CCL2, CCR2, and Type-1 T-helper cytokines as well as by monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) compared with Syn and nontransplanted controls. Using CCL2−/− donors leads to a significant decrease in lung DCs but to only mildly reduced CD4 T cells. Using CCR2−/− donors significantly reduces lung DCs and moDCs but does not change T cells. CCL2 or CCR2 deficiency does not alter pGVHD pathology but increases airway hyperreactivity and IL-5 or IL-13 cytokines. Our results show that hematopoietic donor-derived CCL2 and CCR2 regulate recruitment of APCs to the Allo lung after LPS exposure. Although they do not alter pathologic pGVHD, their absence is associated with increased airway hyperreactivity and IL-5 and IL-13 cytokines. These results suggest that the APC changes that result from CCL2–CCR2 blockade may have unexpected effects on T cell differentiation and physiologic outcomes in HCT.
QBF Merge Resolution is powerful but unnatural
Creators: name: Mahajan, Meena
name: Sood, Gaurav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Merge Resolution proof system (M-Res) for QBFs, proposed by Beyersdorff et al. in 2019, explicitly builds partial strategies inside refutations. The original motivation for this approach was to overcome the limitations encountered in long-distance Q-Resolution proof system (LD-Q-Res), where the syntactic side-conditions, while prohibiting all unsound resolutions, also end up prohibiting some sound resolutions. However, while the advantage of M-Res over many other resolution-based QBF proof systems was already demonstrated, a comparison with LD-Q-Res itself had remained open. In this paper, we settle this question. We show that M-Res has an exponential advantage over not only LD-Q-Res, but even over LQU$^+$-Res and IRM, the most powerful among currently known resolution-based QBF proof systems. Combining this with results from Beyersdorff et al. 2020, we conclude that M-Res is incomparable with LQU-Res and LQU$^+$-Res. Our proof method reveals two additional and curious features about M-Res: (i) M-Res is not closed under restrictions, and is hence not a natural proof system, and (ii) weakening axiom clauses with existential variables provably yields an exponential advantage over M-Res without weakening. We further show that in the context of regular derivations, weakening axiom clauses with universal variables provably yields an exponential advantage over M-Res without weakening. These results suggest that M-Res is better used with weakening, though whether M-Res with weakening is closed under restrictions remains open. We note that even with weakening, M-Res continues to be simulated by eFrege $+$ $\forall$red (the simulation of ordinary M-Res was shown recently by Chew and Slivovsky).
Atomic Classification of 6D SCFTs
Creators: name: Heckman, Jonathan J.
name: Morrison, David R.
name: Rudelius, Tom
name: Vafa, Cumrun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use F-theory to classify possibly all six-dimensional superconformal field theories (SCFTs). This involves a two step process: We first classify all possible tensor branches allowed in F-theory (which correspond to allowed collections of contractible spheres) and then classify all possible configurations of seven-branes wrapped over them. We describe the first step in terms of "atoms" joined into "radicals" and "molecules," using an analogy from chemistry. The second step has an interpretation via quiver-type gauge theories constrained by anomaly cancellation. A very surprising outcome of our analysis is that all of these tensor branches have the structure of a linear chain of intersecting spheres with a small amount of possible decoration at the two ends. The resulting structure of these SCFTs takes the form of a generalized quiver consisting of ADE-type nodes joined by conformal matter. A collection of highly non-trivial examples involving E8 small instantons probing an ADE singularity is shown to have an F-theory realization. This yields a classification of homomorphisms from ADE subgroups of SU(2) into E8 in purely geometric terms, largely matching results obtained in the mathematics literature from an intricate group theory analysis.
description: v3: 123 pages, 23 figures, typos corrected. Included with the submission are the Mathematica notebooks "Bases.nb" and "Fiber_Enhancements.nb"
El ABC sobre la igualdad
Creators: name: Palacios Sanabria, María Teresa
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: Recurso infográfico perteneciente al mooc Enfoque diferencial para el logro de la igualdad mediante el cual se  identifican los elementos asociados al concepto de igualdad. En la mayor parte de los ordenamientos jurídicos, la igualdad suele presentarse como norma jurídica asociada a un principio o a un derecho.
Understanding How Pochonia chlamydosporia Increases Phosphorus Availability
Creators: name: Gouveia, Angélica De Souza
name: Thalita Suelen Avelar Monteiro
name: Valadares, Samuel Vasconcelos
name: Sufiate, Bruna Leite
name: Freitas, Leandro Grassi De
name: Ramos, Humberto Josué De Oliveira
name: Queiroz, José Humberto De
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: The fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (Pc) has been increasingly used to control plant-parasitic nematodes. This fungus also increases the uptake of nutrients by plants. However, the mechanisms by which Pc modifies the soil nutrient supply and, or the capacity of plants to acquire nutrients are not fully understood. In this research we investigated possible mechanisms that explain how Pc increases phosphorus uptake by plants. We tested the hypothesis that Pc produces phosphatases, which are enzymes that promote depolymerization of organic phosphate compounds. We further investigated if the known effect of Pc on inorganic phosphate (IP) solubilization could be credited to the release of organic acids and, if so, which organic acids are secreted by the fungus. Three isolates of the fungus (Pc-10, Pc-40, and Pc-46) were used in the study. We found that Pc can produce acid (Pc-10 = 0.0209 U/ml, Pc-40 = 0.0282 U/ml, Pc-46 = 0.0094 U/ml) and alkaline phosphatases (Pc-10 = 0.0490 U/ml, Pc-40 = 0.0000, Pc-46 = 0.0306 U/ml). All isolates were able to solubilize IP. The isolate Pc-10 solubilized higher amounts of phosphate (47.5 mg/l) compared to Pc-40 (37.9 mg/l) and Pc-46 (36.6 mg/l). We also identified three organic acids (acetic, citric, and propionic acid) produced by Pc-10. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Pc producing phosphatases and organic acids.