cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On cosmological constant of Generalized Robertson-Walker space-times
Creators: name: Faghfouri, Morteza
name: Badali, Ali Haji
name: Gholami, Fatemeh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Einstein's equation in $(m+n)D$ and $(1+n)D$ warped spaces $(\bar{M},\bar{g})$ and classify all such spaces satisfying Einstein equations $\bar{G}=-\barΛ\bar{g}$. We show that the warping function not only can determine the cosmological constant $\barΛ$ but also it can determine the cosmological constant $Λ$ appearing in the induced Einstein equations ${G}=-Λ{h}$ on $(M_2, h)$. Moreover, we discuss on the origin of the $4D$ cosmological constant as an emergent effect of higher dimensional warped spaces.
description: 10 pages
Direct Observation of Dynamic Symmetry Breaking above Room Temperature in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite
Creators: name: Beecher, Alexander N.
name: Semonin, Octavi E.
name: Skelton, Jonathan M.
name: Frost, Jarvist M.
name: Terban, Maxwell W.
name: Zhai, Haowei
name: Alatas, Ahmet
name: Owen, Jonathan S.
name: Walsh, Aron
name: Billinge, Simon J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lead halide perovskites such as methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPI) have outstanding optical and electronic properties for photovoltaic applications, yet a full understanding of how this solution processable material works so well is currently missing. Previous research has revealed that MAPI possesses multiple forms of static disorder regardless of preparation method, which is surprising in light of its excellent performance. Using high energy resolution inelastic X-ray (HERIX) scattering, we measure phonon dispersions in MAPI and find direct evidence for another form of disorder in single crystals: large amplitude anharmonic zone-edge rotational instabilities of the PbI_6 octahedra that persist to room temperature and above, left over from structural phase transitions that take place tens to hundreds of degrees below. Phonon calculations show that the orientations of the methylammonium couple strongly and cooperatively to these modes. The result is a non-centrosymmetric, instantaneous local structure, which we observe in atomic pair distribution function (PDF) measurements. This local symmetry breaking is unobservable by Bragg diffraction, but can explain key material properties such as the structural phase sequence, ultra low thermal transport, and large minority charge carrier lifetimes despite moderate carrier mobility.
description: 30 pages, 11 figures
The density of eigenstates in disordered materials
Creators: name: Best, Peter R.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
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Transport-induced inversion of screening ionic charges in nanochannels
Creators: name: Zhu, Xin
name: Guo, Lingzi
name: Ni, Sheng
name: Zhang, Xingye
name: Liu, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work reveals a counter-intuitive but basic process of ionic screening in nano-fluidic channels. Steady-state numerical simulations and mathematical analysis show that, under significant longitudinal ionic transport, the screening ionic charges can be locally inverted in the channels: their charge sign becomes the same as that of the channel surface charges. The process is identified to originate from the coupling of ionic electro-diffusion transport and junction 2-D electrostatics. This finding may expand our understanding on ionic screening and electrical double layers in nano-channels. Furthermore, the charge inversion process results in a body-force torque on channel fluids, which is a possible mechanism for vortex generation in the channels and their nonlinear current-voltage characteristics.
A neutrino mass model with S3 symmetry and see-saw interplay
Creators: name: Pramanick, Soumita
name: Raychaudhuri, Amitava
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a see-saw model for neutrino masses and mixing with an S3\times Z3 symmetry. It involves an interplay of Type-I and Type-II see-saw contributions of which the former is subdominant. The S3 \times Z3 quantum numbers of the fermion and scalar fields are chosen such that the Type-II see-saw generates a mass matrix which incorporates the atmospheric mass splitting and sets θ_{23} = π/4. The solar splitting and θ_{13} are absent, while the third mixing angle can achieve any value, θ_{12}^0. Specific choices of θ_{12}^0 are of interest, e.g., 35.3^\circ (tribimaximal), 45.0^\circ (bimaximal), 31.7^\circ (golden ratio), and 0^\circ (no solar mixing). The role of the Type-I see-saw is to nudge all the above into the range indicated by the data. The model results in novel interrelationships between these quantities due to their common origin, making it readily falsifiable. For example, normal (inverted) ordering is associated with θ_{23} in the first (second) octant. CP-violation is controlled by phases in the right-handed neutrino Majorana mass matrix, M_{νR}. In their absence, only normal ordering is admissible. When M_{νR} is complex the Dirac CP-phase, δ, can be large, i.e., \sim \pm π/2, and inverted ordering is also allowed. The preliminary results from T2K and NOVA which favour normal ordering and δ\sim -π/2 are indicative, in this model, of a lightest neutrino mass of 0.05 eV or more.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures, v2: References added, v3: Published version
The conservation ecology of Malleefowl, with particular regard to fire
Creators: name: Benshemesh, Joe
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
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Statistical inference in reliability and life testing problems
Creators: name: Beg, Mohammad Afzal
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
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Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae carriage among under five years children in Addis Raey public health center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Creators: name: Alemu, Mekdes
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria present an ever-growing burden in the hospital and community settings. Infections due to ESBL-containing pathogens continue to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Carriage of ESBL producing bacteria in the gut may serve as a reservoir of resistance genes that may subsequently be acquired by strains that cause clinically significant infection. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae carriage and associated factors among under five years children at Addis Raey public health center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A facility based cross sectional study was conducted from April to May 2017. Socio demographic and risk factors data were collected using questionnaires. Stool/rectal swab specimens collected from voluntary participants were inoculated on MacConkey agar. Bacteria identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and ESBL test were performed by VITEK 2 Compact (BioMe´rieux, France). Data was entered by EPI INFO version 7.2.1.0 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. The results were summarized and presented by tables. Results: A total of 269 under five years children were recruited in the study. The mean and standard deviation of age were 22.48 and 15.83 months respectively. The overall prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsella pneumoniae were 17.1% (46/269; 95% CI: 12.9%–22.7%). Of which, 83.0% were E. coli and 17.0% were K. pneumoniae. ESBL producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were showed high levels of MDR (93.6 %) and high rates of co-resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. However, all ESBL producing isolates were susceptible to carbapenems (ertapenem and imipenem). Children of mother with lower educational level (primary school) (OR: 2.472, 95% CI: 1.323-4.618, P=0.0062) and children used tap water for drinking (OR: 1.714, 95% CI: 1.001-3.659, P=0.048) were factors significantly associated with higher ESBL carriage. Conclusion: High prevalence of ESBL carriage in this study population was mainly Community-acquired and suggests a need for antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance and infection control measure.
Exploration of new data acquisition and background reduction techniques for the COBRA experiment
Creators: name: Schulz, Oliver
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Background reduction
subject: Cadmium zinc telluride
subject: CdZnTe
subject: COBRA experiment
subject: CPG detector
subject: DAQ
subject: Data aquisition
subject: Fast ADC
subject: Majorana neutrino
subject: Neutrinoless double-beta decay
subject: Pixel detector
subject: Pulse shape analysis
subject: 530

description: This work has contributed improvements to several key aspects of the COBRA double-beta decay experiment. A new data acquisition chain was developed for pulse-shape based readout of the COBRA coplanar grid (CPG) detectors. Prototype electronics for detector signal transmission and amplification were developed, as well as a software package with algorithms for pulse shape analysis of CPG detector signals. The pulse shape data readout has already resulted in significant improvements of the detector energy resolution. Pulse shape analysis has added interaction depth information to data output of the experiment, which has already shown itself to be an effective tool to suppress part of the background. A wavelet-based data compression technique has been developed to cope with the significant increase of data volume inherent to the recording of the full detector pulse shapes. A flexible data acquisition software framework was developed along with the new DAQ hardware chain. It is designed for both research and development applications and long-term physics data collection and is now in production use at several sites in the COBRA collaboration. The framework was also designed to scale up to the requirements of a large-scale experiment and its modular nature ensures that future components can be integrated easily. This work has contributed to the reduction of the radiation background level by over an order of magnitude, achieved by the combination of new CPG detector coatings and contacting methods with nitrogen flushing of the COBRA setup to create a radon-free environment. For the first time, low-background physics data was taken with a CdZnTe pixel detector. The results show that pixel detectors present an exciting option for the future of the experiment. Work is currently under way to scale up the new CPG electronics to a high channel count. The COBRA CPG setup at LNGS is scheduled to be upgraded to a higher number of detectors in 2011, which will all be run using the new DAQ system. A detailed study of the detector pulse shapes using simulations and collimated scans, currently in progress, will yield the necessary basis for advanced CPG pulse shape analysis. This will, in the future, enable new form of background suppression like separation between single-site and multi-site events.
Hospital acquired infections, antimicrobial drug resistance patterns and associated risk factors among under five children attending Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa Ethiopia.
Creators: name: Woldesenbet, Zerihun
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: Hospital acquired infection (HAI) is an infection which develops 48 hours after hospital admission, that was not incubating at the time of admission to hospital. In patients with HAI, costs as well as the use of antibiotics increase with an extended hospitalization. There is limited information on the magnitude of HAI in Ethiopia particularly in pediatrics patient groups. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the incidence of hospital acquired infections, antimicrobial drug resistance patterns and associated risk factors among under five children attending Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study that was conducted at City –Government of Addis Ababa, Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College from January to April 2018. All admitted patients who did not have antibiotic and stay at least 48 hours during sample collection period were included with the outcome variable being the prevalence of hospital acquired infection. Blood, urine, body fluids, stool, and swabs were cultured on corresponding media(brain heart infusion, chocolate agar, blood agar, MacConkey…etc) for isolation and identification of the bacteria and Kirby- Bauer method for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Chi-square tests were performed to determine risk factors associated with HAI. Results: A tA tA total of 720 under five children were admitted during the study period (from January 2018 to April 2018 ). Out of this 435 children fulfilled the study criteria and were included in the study. Of the 435 children, 255(58.7%) were males and 180(41.3%) females and resulting in male to female ratio of 1.41:1. About 259 were neonates and the remaining 176 were children age between 21days and 5 years. The overall incidence of hospital acquired infections in this study was 8.5% with the most common isolate being Klebsiella pneumonia (n = 19) followed by S. aureus (n=7). Klebsiella pneumoniae has shown high level of resistance (100%) to most of third generation cephalosporins and S. aureus has shown high resistance to penicillin and cotrimoxazole. Prevalence of MDR seen among K. pneumonia which is 100%, followed by Acinetobactor species in this case we have 66.7% MDR. The presumed predisposing factors were not found statistically associated. Conclusion: This study showed that hospital acquired infections remains high especially in neonatal intensive care unit complicating disease of already prone children. Therefore, appropriate infection prevention has to be strengthened.
Reactions of ketenes, methyleneketenes and methylecarbenes
Creators: name: Baxter, Gary John
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
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Light curves of light rays passing through a wormhole
Creators: name: Tsukamoto, Naoki
name: Harada, Tomohiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational lensing is a good probe into the topological structure of dark gravitating celestial objects. In this paper, we investigate the light curve of a light ray that passes through the throat of an Ellis wormhole, the simplest example of traversable wormholes. The method developed here is also applicable to other traversable wormholes. To study whether the light curve of a light ray that passes through a wormhole throat is distinguishable from that which does not, we also calculate light curves without the passage of a throat for an Ellis wormhole, a Schwarzschild black hole, and an ultrastatic wormhole with the spatial geometry identical to that of the Schwarzschild black hole in the following two cases: (i) "microlensing," where the source, lens, and observer are almost aligned in this order and the light ray starts at the source, refracts in the weak gravitational field of the lens with a small deflection angle, and reaches the observer, and (ii) "retrolensing," where the source, observer, and lens are almost aligned in this order, and the light ray starts at the source, refracts in the vicinity of the light sphere of the lens with a deflection angle very close to $π$, and reaches the observer. We find that the light curve of the light ray that passes through the throat of the Ellis wormhole is clearly distinguishable from that by the microlensing but not from that by the retrolensing. This is because the light curve of a light ray that passes by a light sphere of a lens with a large deflection angle has common characters, irrespective of the details of the lens object. This implies that the light curves of the light rays that pass through the throat of more general traversable wormholes are qualitatively the same as that of the Ellis wormhole.
description: 31 pages, 12 figures, title changed, minor changes from v2, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Mining Half a Billion Topical Experts Across Multiple Social Networks
Creators: name: Spasojevic, Nemanja
name: Bhattacharyya, Prantik
name: Rao, Adithya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mining topical experts on social media is a problem that has gained significant attention due to its wide-ranging applications. Here we present the first study that combines data from four major social networks -- Twitter, Facebook, Google+ and LinkedIn, along with the Wikipedia graph and internet webpage text and metadata, to rank topical experts across the global population of users. We perform an in-depth analysis of 37 features derived from various data sources such as message text, user lists, webpages, social graphs and wikipedia. This large-scale study includes more than 12 billion messages over a 90-day sliding window and 58 billion social graph edges. Comparison reveals that features derived from Twitter Lists, Wikipedia, internet webpages and Twitter Followers are especially good indicators of expertise. We train an expertise ranking model using these features on a large ground truth dataset containing almost 90,000 labels. This model is applied within a production system that ranks over 650 million experts in more than 9,000 topical domains on a daily basis. We provide results and examples on the effectiveness of our expert ranking system, along with empirical validation. Finally, we make the topical expertise data available through open REST APIs for wider use.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, 6 tables
The biology of a phenol oxidase polymorphism in drosophila melanogaster [Manuscript]
Creators: name: Batterham, Philip
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
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Intestinal Parasitosis in Relation to CD4+T Cells Levels and Anemia among HAART Initiated and Non-HAART Initiated Pediatric HIV Patients in Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Mihiretie, Hylemariam
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2014

description: Background: Intestinal parasites (IPs) are major concerns in most developing countries where HIV/AIDS cases are concentrated and almost 80% of AIDS patients die of AIDS-related infections. In the absence of HAART, HIV/AIDS patients in developing countries unfortunately continue to suffer from the consequences of opportunistic and other intestinal parasites. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among HAART initiated and non- HAART initiated pediatric HIV/AIDS patients of Zewditu Memorial Hospital (ZMH) between August 05, 2013 and September 25, 2013. A total of 180 (79 HAART initiated and 101 non-HAART initiated) children were selected by using consecutive sampling. Stool specimen was collected and processed using direct wet mount, formol-ether concentration and modified Ziehl-Neelson staining techniques. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on Socio-demographic and associated risk factors. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16 software and logistic regressions were applied to assess any association between explanatory factors and outcome variables. P values < 0.05 were taken as statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of IPs was 37.8% where 27.8% of HAART initiated and 45.5% of non-HAART initiated pediatric HIV/AIDS patients were infected with IPs (p < 0.05). Cryptosporidium species, E. histolytica/dispar, Hook worm and Taenia species were IPs associated with lower CD4+ T cell counts <350 cells/μL or 25% in non-HAART patients. The overall prevalence of anemia was 10% in HAART and 31.7% in non-HAART groups. Intestinal parasitic infection (IPI) was significantly associated with anemia in non-HAART patients [AOR, 95% CI: 4.5(1.3, 15.2), P< 0.05]. Hook worm, S. stercoralis and H. nana were helminthes associated with anemia in non-HAART patients. The prevalence of IPs in non-HAART patients was significantly associated with Eating unwashed/raw fruit [AOR, 95%CI: 6.3(1.2, 25.6), P<0.05], open field defecation [AOR, 95%CI: 9.3(1.6, 53.6), P<0.05] and diarrhea [AOR, 95%CI: 5.2(1.3, 21.3), P<0.05]. IPs significantly increased in rural residents [AOR, 95%CI: 0.4(0.1, 0.9)] and in those with abdominal pain [AOR, 95%CI: 21(3.7, 121)] in both groups. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites (IPs) differed by HAART status and cryptosporidium species were found only in HAART naïve patients with low CD4+ T cell counts. Anemia was also more prevalent and associated with IPs in non-HAART patients. This study identified some environmental and associated risk factors for intestinal parasitic infections. Therefore, Public health measures should continue to emphasize the importance of environmental and personal hygiene to protect infections with intestinal parasites and maximize the benefits of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART
Security of two-state and four-state practical quantum bit-commitment protocols
Creators: name: Loura, Ricardo
name: Arsenović, Dušan
name: Paunković, Nikola
name: Popović, Duška B.
name: Prvanović, Slobodan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study cheating strategies against a practical four-state quantum bit-commitment protocol and its two-state variant when the underlying quantum channels are noisy and the cheating party is constrained to using single-qubit measurements only. We show that simply inferring the transmitted photons' states by using the Breidbart basis, optimal for ambiguous (minimum-error) state discrimination, does not directly produce an optimal cheating strategy for this bit-commitment protocol. We introduce a new strategy, based on certain post-measurement processes, and show it to have better chances at cheating than the direct approach. We also study to what extent sending forged geographical coordinates helps a dishonest party in breaking the binding security requirement. Finally, we investigate the impact of imperfect single-photon sources in the protocols. Our study shows that, in terms of the resources used, the four-state protocol is advantageous over the two-state version. The analysis performed can be straightforwardly generalised to any finite-qubit measurement, with the same qualitative results.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, published version
Analysis of tensile plastic deformation of magnesia-partially-stabilized zirconia
Creators: name: Batchelor, W.J.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
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A test for Archimedeanity in bivariate copula models
Creators: name: Bücher, Axel
name: Dette, Holger
name: Volgushev, Stanislav
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Archimedean Copula
subject: associativity
subject: functional delta method
subject: multiplier bootstrap
subject: 310
subject: 330
subject: 620

description: We propose a new test for the hypothesis that a bivariate copula is an Archimedean copula. The test statistic is based on a combination of two measures resulting from the characterization of Archimedean copulas by the property of associativity and by a strict upper bound on the diagonal by the Fréchet-upper bound. We prove weak convergence of this statistic and show that the critical values of the corresponding test can be determined by the multiplier bootstrap method. The test is shown to be consistent against all departures from Archimedeanity if the copula satis es weak smoothness assumptions. A simulation study is presented which illustrates the finite sample properties of the new test.
description: Discussion Paper / SFB 823;35/2011
Scaling of large-scale quantities in Rayleigh-Bénard convection
Creators: name: Pandey, Ambrish
name: Verma, Mahendra K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a formula for the Péclet number ($\mathrm{Pe}$) by estimating the relative strengths of various terms of the momentum equation. Using direct numerical simulations in three dimensions we show that in the turbulent regime, the fluid acceleration is dominated by the pressure gradient, with relatively small contributions arising from the buoyancy and the viscous term, in the viscous regime, acceleration is very small due to a balance between the buoyancy and the viscous term. Our formula for $\mathrm{Pe}$ describes the past experiments and numerical data quite well. We also show that the ratio of the nonlinear term and the viscous term is $\mathrm{Re} \mathrm{Ra}^{-0.14}$, where $\mathrm{Re}$ and $\mathrm{Ra}$ are Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers respectively, and that the viscous dissipation rate $ε_u = (U^3/d) \mathrm{Ra}^{-0.21}$, where $U$ is the root mean square velocity and $d$ is the distance between the two horizontal plates. The aforementioned decrease in nonlinearity compared to free turbulence arises due to the wall effects.
description: 35 pages, 15 figures
Microwave spectroscopy and radioastronomy of glycine and related molecules
Creators: name: Bassez, Marie-Paul R.P.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
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Studies on the ecology of daphnia carinata with particular reference to induction of crests by anisops predators
Creators: name: Barry, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
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The Stability Spectrum for Elliptic Solutions to the Focusing NLS Equation
Creators: name: Deconinck, Bernard
name: Segal, Benjamin L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the stability spectrum of all stationary elliptic-type solutions to the focusing Nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS). An analytical expression for the spectrum is given. From this expression, various quantitative and qualitative results about the spectrum are derived. Specifically, the solution parameter space is shown to be split into four regions of distinct qualitative behavior of the spectrum. Additional results on the stability of solutions with respect to perturbations of an integer multiple of the period are given, as well as a procedure for approximating the greatest real part of the spectrum.
description: 36 pages, 15 figures
Prevalence of Burkholderia Pseudomallei and other bacterial and other bacterial pathogens in community acquired infections in Tikur Anbessa Specialized hospital and felege hiwot Hospital
Creators: name: Andargie, Emawayish
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: Backgroun- Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei) is a causative agent of a severe and fatal infectious disease which is called melioidosis. B. pseudomallei, a Gram-negative bacterium, is an environmental saprophyte found in wet soils. Melioidosis predominantly affects people in regular contact with soil and pooled surface water. The commonest routes of B. pseudomallei infection are thought to be inoculation, inhalation and ingestion.The disease mostly infects adults with an underlying predisposing condition, mainly diabetes mellitus. Objective;-the objective of the current study was to assess the profile and susceptibility pattern of B. pseudomallei and other pathogenic bacteria from collected clinical specimens of community-acquired infections Method:-A Hospital based cross sectional prospective study was conducted to determine bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pathogenic bacteria from selected clinical specimen from March 2016-June2018in Tikur Anbessa specialized Hospital and Felege Hiwot Hospital in Bahir Dar. During the study period, 315 clinical specimens (either blood, pus, sputum, or urine) from 315 patients were prospectively collected and subjected to microbiological culturing and identification steps. Result:- Of all the 315 clinical samples collected and subjected to microbiological culturing and identification steps only one isolet (1/315) from pus sample found to be B. Pseudomallei, the rest of the clinical speciment were negative for B. Pseudomallei characterization. However, around 14 other bacterial strains were isolated from those biological samples. Among the 14 other bacterial isolates 42.6% of them were gram positive and the rest 57.4% isoates were gram positive with predominant isolate 39% of S. aureus. Conclusion:- The current study indicated that the prevalence of bacterial pathogens in the study areas are substancial. Moreover, even if only one isolate of the target organism (B. Pseudominalei) is reported from pus sample of a 20 years old farmer, but it is for the first time in Ethiopia.
Community structure of the macroinvertebrate benthos in an Australian upland stream
Creators: name: Barmuta, Leon Alexander
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
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A new method to assign galaxy cluster membership using photometric redshifts
Creators: name: Castignani, Gianluca
name: Benoist, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new effective strategy to assign group and cluster membership probabilities $P_{mem}$ to galaxies using photometric redshift information. Large dynamical ranges both in halo mass and cosmic time are considered. The method takes the magnitude distribution of both cluster and field galaxies as well as the radial distribution of galaxies in clusters into account using a non-parametric formalism and relies on Bayesian inference to take photometric redshift uncertainties into account. We successfully test the method against 1,208 galaxy clusters within redshifts $z=0.05-2.58$ and masses $10^{13.29-14.80}~M_\odot$ drawn from wide field simulated galaxy mock catalogs developed for the Euclid mission. Median purity $(55^{+17}_{-15})\%$ and completeness $(95^{+5}_{-10})\%$ are reached for galaxies brighter than 0.25$L_\ast$ within $r_{200}$ of each simulated halo and for a statistical photometric redshift accuracy $σ((z_s-z_p)/(1+z_s))=0.03$. The mean values $p=56\%$ and $c=93\%$ have sub-percent uncertainties. Accurate photometric redshifts ($σ((z_s-z_p)/(1+z_s))\lesssim0.05$) and robust estimates for the cluster redshift and the center coordinates are required. The method is applied to derive accurate richness estimates. A statistical comparison between the true ($N_{\rm true}$) vs estimated richness ($λ=\sum P_{mem}$) yields on average to unbiased results, $Log(λ/N_{\rm true})=-0.0051\pm0.15$. The scatter around the mean of the logarithmic difference between $λ$ and the halo mass is 0.10~dex, for massive halos $\gtrsim10^{14.5}~M_\odot$. Our estimates could be useful to calibrate independent cluster mass estimates from weak lensing, SZ, and X-ray studies. Our method can be applied to any list of galaxy clusters or groups in both present and forthcoming surveys such as SDSS, CFHTLS, DES, LSST, and Euclid.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures, version corrected for typos, A&A in press
Optimized pulses for Raman excitation through the continuum: verification using multi-configurational time-dependent Hartree-Fock
Creators: name: Greenman, Loren
name: Whaley, K. Birgitta
name: Haxton, Daniel J.
name: McCurdy, C. William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have verified a mechanism for Raman excitation of atoms through continuum levels previously obtained by quantum optimal control using the multi-configurational time-dependent Hartree-Fock (MCTDHF) method. For the optimal control, which requires running multiple propagations to determine the optimal pulse sequence, we used the computationally inexpensive time-dependent configuration interaction singles (TDCIS) method. TDCIS captures all of the necessary correlation of the desired processes but assumes that ionization pathways reached via double excitations are not present. MCTDHF includes these pathways and all multiparticle correlations in a set of time-dependent orbitals. The mechanism that was determined to be optimal in the Raman excitation of the Ne $1s^22s^22p^53p^1$ valence state via the metastable $1s^22s^12p^63p^1$ resonance state involves a sequential resonance-valence excitation. First, a long pump pulse excites the core-hole state, and then a shorter Stokes pulse transfers the population to the valence state. This process represents the first step in a multidimensional x-ray spectroscopy scheme that will provide a local probe of valence electronic correlations. Although at the optimal pulse intensities at the TDCIS level of theory the MCTDHF method predicts multiple ionization of the atom, at slightly lower intensities (reduced by a factor of about 4) the TDCIS mechanism is shown to hold qualitatively. Quantitatively, the MCTDHF populations are reduced from the TDCIS calculations by a factor of 4.
title: Fear in prisons : its incidence and control.
Creators: name: Adler, Joanna
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2023

description: This thesis reports findings from three studies. It begins with a summary of the previous conflicting literature into the psychological effects of imprisonment. In an attempt to allow prisoners to speak for themselves and to identify research areas, the studies reported in the second chapter present illustrative quotations from interviews conducted with forty prisoners in low and medium security prisons. Following issues raised by these participants, chapters three to seven report findings from the first survey of fear in the Prison Service. Fifty-one per cent of prisoners and 67% of officers reported feeling afraid. More life sentence prisoners towards the beginning of their sentence and “vulnerable prisoners” not held in a Vulnerable Prisoner Unit report feeling fear. Seven per cent of the prisoners were afraid all of the time. The most common area in which prisoners felt fear was in their cell. Officers felt fearful in the context of situations in which control may be at risk. Officers also demonstrated a limited awareness of the fears felt by prisoners. However, they felt that prisoners would fear intimidation, bullying and being in debt whereas the prisoners themselves did not use any of these labels for their fears. Research reported in chapters eight to thirteen derived more information about the levels of fear and means of control utilised by officers. It particularly assessed the impact of female officers on male prison wings and their reception by the prisoners and their colleagues. Relationships between officers and prisoners are better than typically predicted and male and female officers do not favour different means of control, contrary to predictions. Chapter fourteen presents findings from a control group of police officers. The general conclusion is that fear in prisons is real, based on experience and both can and ought to be managed better.
Prevalence of Bacterial Contamination and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern among Blood and Blood Components Collected with and without diverging method at Armed Forces Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Tsegaye, Wondwossen
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: Background: Transfusion of bacterial contaminated blood and blood components could be a cause of morbidity and mortality. Understanding the mechanism of blood contamination is important in developing infection control strategy. Objectives: To determine prevalence of bacterial contamination and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among blood and blood components collected with and without diverging method. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was done from January to April 2018 on blood and blood components collected with and without diverging method at the study area. A total of 376 blood sample of blood and blood components were taken. 3 ml of samples from each was inoculated on 15 ml Brain Heart Infusion followed by incubation for seven days at 37oC then after subculture on Sheep Blood Agar, MacConkey Agar and Chocolate Agar. Finally, the antimicrobial susceptibility test was done for each isolate. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. P ≤ 0.05 was statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of bacterial contamination among blood and blood components were 4.5% (N= 17/376). The prevalence of bacterial contamination of blood and blood components collected with the non-diverging and diverging method was 7.4% (n= 14/188) and 1.6 %( n= 3/188) respectively with P value of 0.05. Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most dominate isolates. Gram positive isolates showed more than 74% sensitive for antibiotics and also became more than 9% resistant. Most gram negative isolates became sensitive but Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed resistant for Gentamicin.29.4% (n= 5/17) isolated bacteria were multidrug resistant. Conclusion: There was a difference between bacterial contamination in blood and blood components collected between diverging and non-diverging blood collection methods.
Cardiovascular role of central noradrenergic neuron groups in the rabbit
Creators: name: Badoer, Emilio
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Deliverable of the project website, RELIANCE
Creators: name: , Ana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Communication
Dissemination

description: The website of the project is a key communication vector to ensure maximum project’s visibility and dissemination of results. The website is accessible by the public and is designed to be functional and navigationally user friendly so information is found quickly, in a least number of clicks. It also includes a private collaborative space for the partners.
Detection System for Neutron $β$ Decay Correlations in the UCNB and Nab experiments
Creators: name: Broussard, L. J.
name: Zeck, B. A.
name: Adamek, E. R.
name: Baeßler, S.
name: Birge, N.
name: Blatnik, M.
name: Bowman, J. D.
name: Brandt, A. E.
name: Brown, M.
name: Burkhart, J.
name: Callahan, N. B.
name: Clayton, S. M.
name: Crawford, C.
name: Cude-Woods, C.
name: Currie, S.
name: Dees, E. B.
name: Ding, X.
name: Fomin, N.
name: Frlez, E.
name: Fry, J.
name: Gray, F. E.
name: Hasan, S.
name: Hickerson, K. P.
name: Hoagland, J.
name: Holley, A. T.
name: Ito, T. M.
name: Klein, A.
name: Li, H.
name: Liu, C. -Y.
name: Makela, M. F.
name: McGaughey, P. L.
name: Mirabal-Martinez, J.
name: Morris, C. L.
name: Ortiz, J. D.
name: Pattie, R. W.
name: Penttilä, S. I.
name: Plaster, B.
name: Počanić, D.
name: Ramsey, J. C.
name: Salas-Bacci, A.
name: Salvat, D. J.
name: Saunders, A.
name: Seestrom, S. J.
name: Sjue, S. K. L.
name: Sprow, A. P.
name: Tang, Z.
name: Vogelaar, R. B.
name: Vorndick, B.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Wei, W.
name: Wexler, J.
name: Wilburn, W. S.
name: Womack, T. L.
name: Young, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a detection system designed for precise measurements of angular correlations in neutron $β$ decay. The system is based on thick, large area, highly segmented silicon detectors developed in collaboration with Micron Semiconductor, Ltd. The prototype system meets specifications for $β$ electron detection with energy thresholds below 10 keV, energy resolution of $\sim$3 keV FWHM, and rise time of $\sim$50 ns with 19 of the 127 detector pixels instrumented. Using ultracold neutrons at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, we have demonstrated the coincident detection of $β$ particles and recoil protons from neutron $β$ decay. The fully instrumented detection system will be implemented in the UCNB and Nab experiments, to determine the neutron $β$ decay parameters $B$, $a$, and $b$.
description: Copyright 2016. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Comparative Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anemia in HAART Naïve and HAART Experienced Adult HIV Patients at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Alemu, Rahel
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2016

description: Background: Hematological abnormalities are manifested in human immunodefieicincy virus patients as a result of progressive damage to the body's immune system. They are documented to be the second most common causes and strong independent predictor of mortality and morbidity in people living with HIV/AIDS. Objective: To determine prevalence and associated factors of anemia in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) naïve and HAART experienced adult HIV positive individuals. Methodology: A hospital based comparative cross sectional study was conducted from April to November, 2015 at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 340 HIV infected adult individuals, 170 HAART naïve and 170 HAART experienced, were enrolled in the study. Participant's socio-demographic and clinical information were collected using pre-tested structured questionnaire. Blood and stool specimen were collected from each participant. Blood was examined for full blood count, CD4 and hemoparasite. Stool samples were screened to detect intestinal parasites. Descriptive statistics were used to express the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. Binary and multiple logistic regressions were computed to assess association between variables using SPSS version 20. P value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Result: - The overall all prevalence of anemia was 15.44%. The prevalence of anemia in HAART Naïve and HAART experienced patients was 24.71% and 7.1% respectively. Advanced WHO clinical stage (AOR= 9.63, 95% CI= 1.07-86.95), low CD4+ T cells count (<200) (AOR= 7.57; 95% CI= 2.17- 27.01), and body mass index <18.5 (AOR= 7.56; 95% CI= 2.12-27.01) were found to be predictors of anemia in HAART naïve patients. On the other hand, none of the variables was found to be independently associated with anemia in HAART Experienced patients. Conclusion: -Anemia is the common manifestation both in HAART naïve and HAART experienced patients. However, Prevalence of anemia is higher in HAART naïve HIV individuals than those on HAART. Therefore; further longitudinal study should be conducted to map every possible correlates of anemia and compare its burden in HAART Naïve and HAART experienced adult HIV patients. Keywords: Anemia, HAART-naïve, HAART- experienced, Risk Factors
Planet formation in the thermal infrared: from the VLT to METIS on the ELT
Creators: name: Cugno, Gabriele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The astonishing diversity in exoplanet properties likely originates in the protoplanetary disks, in which new planets form. To understand how environment dictates the architecture of planetary systems, as well as the physical properties of individual planets, it is crucial to identify and characterize young companions in the first phases of their lives. The ‘Mid-infrared ELT Imager and Spectrograph’ (METIS) at ESO’s Extremely Large Telescope will represent a unique opportunity to study the formation of planetary systems from multiple prospectives. Combining unprecedented angular resolution with great sensitivity from the ground, METIS will enable the study of protoplanetary disks, as well as direct detection and characterization of forming planets, investigation of their accretion flows, and the physical and chemical properties of circumplanetary disks. In this contribution, I will present results from recent searches for forming companions with VLT/NaCo, observations of protoplanet accretion with VLT/CRIRES, and planned observations of protoplanets with ERIS on the VLT. I will then compare these state-of-the-art observations with the expected performance of the ELT/METIS instrument, highlighting how it will revolutionize the field of planet formation.