cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spectrometry of the Earth using Neutrino Oscillations
Creators: name: Rott, Carsten
name: Taketa, Akimichi
name: Bose, Debanjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unknown constituents of the interior of our home planet have provoked the human imagination and driven scientific exploration. We herein demonstrate that large neutrino detectors could be used in the near future to significantly improve our understanding of the Earth's inner chemical composition. Neutrinos, which are naturally produced in the atmosphere, traverse the Earth and undergo oscillations that depend on the Earth's electron density. The Earth's chemical composition can be determined by combining observations from large neutrino detectors with seismic measurements of the Earth's matter density. We present a method that will allow us to perform a measurement that can distinguish between composition models of the outer core. We show that the next-generation large-volume neutrino detectors can provide sufficient sensitivity to reject outer core models with large hydrogen content and thereby demonstrate the potential of this novel method. In the future, dedicated instruments could be capable of distinguishing between specific Earth composition models and thereby reshape our understanding of the inner Earth in previously unimagined ways.
description: 3 figures, 3 supplementary figures
Template Mediated Formation of Colloidal Two-Dimensional Tin Telluride Nanosheets and the Role of the Ligands
Creators: name: He, Fagui
name: Klein, Eugen
name: Bartling, Stephan
name: Saeidpour, Siavash
name: Corzilius, Björn
name: Lesyuk, Rostyslav
name: Klinke, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the colloidal synthesis of 2D SnTe nanosheets through precursor hot-injection in a nonpolar solvent. During the reaction, an important intermediate - Sn-template - is formed which defines the confined growth of SnTe. This "flake-like" structure gives the first evidence for the possible 2D morphology formation prior to the anion precursor injection (TOP-Te). Additionally, we explore the role of each ligand in the reaction process. Thus, we explain the formation and morphology evolution of 2D SnTe nanostructures from a mechanism perspective as well as the role of each ligand on the molecular scale. The interplay of ligands provides the necessary conditions for the realization of stable low-dimensional SnTe nanomaterials with tunable size and shape.
The Mathematical Structure of $U$-Spin Amplitude Sum Rules
Creators: name: Gavrilova, Margarita
name: Grossman, Yuval
name: Schacht, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a systematic study of $SU(2)$ flavor amplitude sum rules with particular emphasis on $U$-spin. This study reveals a rich mathematical structure underlying the sum rules that allows us to formulate an algorithm for deriving all $U$-spin amplitude sum rules to any order of the symmetry breaking. This novel approach to deriving the sum rules does not require one to explicitly compute the Clebsch-Gordan tables, and allows for simple diagrammatic interpretation. Several examples that demonstrate the application of our novel method to systems that can be probed experimentally are provided.
description: 109 pages
Tailoring Optical Excitation to Control Magnetic Skyrmion Nucleation
Creators: name: Kern, Lisa-Marie
name: Pfau, Bastian
name: Schneider, Michael
name: Gerlinger, Kathinka
name: Deinhart, Victor
name: Wittrock, Steffen
name: Sidiropoulos, Themistoklis
name: Engel, Dieter
name: Will, Ingo
name: Günther, Christian M.
name: Litzius, Kai
name: Wintz, Sebastian
name: Weigand, Markus
name: Büttner, Felix
name: Eisebitt, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In ferromagnetic multilayers, a single laser pulse with a fluence above an optical nucleation threshold can create magnetic skyrmions, which are randomly distributed over the area of the laser spot. However, in order to study the dynamics of skyrmions and for their application in future data technology, a controllable localization of the skyrmion nucleation sites is crucial. Here, it is demonstrated that patterned reflective masks behind a thin magnetic film can be designed to locally tailor the optical excitation amplitudes reached, leading to spatially controlled skyrmion nucleation on the nanometer scale. Using x-ray microscopy, the influence of nanopatterned back-side aluminum masks on the optical excitation is studied in two sample geometries with varying layer sequence of substrate and magnetic Co/Pt multilayer. Surprisingly, the masks' effect on suppressing or enhancing skymion nucleation reverses when changing this sequence. Moreover, optical near-field enhancements additionally affect the spatial arrangement of the nucleated skyrmions. Simulations of the spatial modulation of the laser excitation, and the following heat transfer across the interfaces in the two sample geometries are employed to explain these observations. The results demonstrate a reliable approach to add nanometer-scale spatial control to optically induced magnetization processes on ultrafast timescales.
Optimized Network-coded Scalable Video Multicasting over eMBMS Networks
Creators: name: Tassi, Andrea
name: Chatzigeorgiou, Ioannis
name: Vukobratović, Dejan
name: Jones, Andrew L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Delivery of multicast video services over fourth generation (4G) networks such as 3GPP Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) is gaining momentum. In this paper, we address the issue of efficiently multicasting layered video services by defining a novel resource allocation framework that aims to maximize the service coverage whilst keeping the radio resource footprint low. A key point in the proposed system mode is that the reliability of multicast video services is ensured by means of an Unequal Error Protection implementation of the Network Coding (UEP-NC) scheme. In addition, both the communication parameters and the UEP-NC scheme are jointly optimized by the proposed resource allocation framework. Numerical results show that the proposed allocation framework can significantly increase the service coverage when compared to a conventional Multi-rate Transmission (MrT) strategy.
description: Proc. of IEEE ICC 2015 - Mobile and Wireless Networking Symposium, to appear
Developing Software Engineering Leaders at Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley
Creators: name: Bareiss, Ray
name: Sedano, Todd
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Engineering
subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Carnegie Mellon’s Silicon Valley Campus
offers a master’s degree in Software Engineering, with
technical and development management tracks,
targeted at working software professionals in Silicon
Valley. We believe the program to be unique in that it
is entirely team-based and project-centered. Students
learn by doing as they are coached just in time by
faculty in the context of their work on authentic
projects, and they are evaluated based on what they
produce. In response to our interactions with an
industry characterized by innovation and short project
development timelines, the program evolved from one
focused on “high ceremony” processes to one focused
on agile software development methodologies. Student
satisfaction is high: Eighty-seven percent of our
alumni believe that the program has given them a
competitive advantage with respect to their
professional peers, and their promotion and salary
histories bear out this belief.
Whitham Shocks and Resonant Dispersive Shock Waves Governed by the Higher Order Korteweg-de Vries Equation
Creators: name: Baqer, Saleh
name: Smyth, Noel F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The addition of higher order asymptotic corrections to the Korteweg-de Vries equation results in the extended Korteweg-de Vries equation. These higher order terms destabilise the dispersive shock wave solution, also termed an undular bore in fluid dynamics, and result in the emission of resonant radiation. In broad terms, there are three possible dispersive shock wave regimes: radiating dispersive shock wave (RDSW), cross-over dispersive shock wave (CDSW) and travelling dispersive shock wave (TDSW). While there are existing solutions for the RDSW and TDSW regimes obtained using modulation theory, there is no existing solution for the CDSW regime. Modulation theory and the associated concept of a Whitham shock are used to obtain this CDSW solution. In addition, it is found that the resonant wavetrain emitted by the extended Korteweg-de Vries equation with water wave coefficients has a minimal amplitude. This minimal amplitude is explained based on the developed Whitham modulation theory.
description: To appear in the Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
Additional file 24 of Non-canonical two-step biosynthesis of anti-oomycete indole alkaloids in Kickxellales
Creators: name: Rassbach, Johannes
name: Hilsberg, Nathalie
name: Haensch, Veit G.
name: Dörner, Sebastian
name: Gressler, Julia
name: Sonnabend, Robin
name: Semm, Caroline
name: Voigt, Kerstin
name: Hertweck, Christian
name: Gressler, Markus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 24: Figure S21. GC-MS/MS spectrum of IAA (3).
TET proteins regulate T cell and iNKT cell lineage specification in a TET2 catalytic dependent manner
Creators: name: Theofilatos, Dimitris
name: Äijö, Tarmo
name: Xiong, Yue
name: Baldwin, Albert S.
name: Smith, Matthew D.
name: Cheng, Meng
name: Tsagaratou, Ageliki
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: TET proteins mediate DNA demethylation by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and other oxidative derivatives. We have previously demonstrated a dynamic enrichment of 5hmC during T and invariant natural killer T cell lineage specification. Here, we investigate shared signatures in gene expression of Tet2/3 DKO CD4 single positive (SP) and iNKT cells in the thymus. We discover that TET proteins exert a fundamental role in regulating the expression of the lineage specifying factor Th-POK, which is encoded by Zbtb7b. We demonstrate that TET proteins mediate DNA demethylation - surrounding a proximal enhancer, critical for the intensity of Th-POK expression. In addition, TET proteins drive the DNA demethylation of site A at the Zbtb7b locus to facilitate GATA3 binding. GATA3 induces Th-POK expression in CD4 SP cells. Finally, by introducing a novel mouse model that lacks TET3 and expresses full length, catalytically inactive TET2, we establish a causal link between TET2 catalytic activity and lineage specification of both conventional and unconventional T cells.
Catching the Butterfly and the Homunculus of $η$ Carinae with ALMA
Creators: name: Zapata, Luis A.
name: Loinard, Laurent
name: Fernández-López, Manuel
name: Toalá, Jesús A.
name: González, Ricardo F.
name: guez, Luis F. Rodrí
name: Gull, Theodore R.
name: Morris, Patrick W.
name: Menten, Karl M.
name: Kamiński, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature and origin of the molecular gas component located in the circumstellar vicinity of $η$ Carinae are still far from being completely understood. Here, we present Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) CO(3$-$2) observations with a high angular resolution ($\sim$0.15$''$), and a great sensitivity that are employed to reveal the origin of this component in $η$ Carinae. These observations reveal much higher velocity ($-$300 to $+$270 km s$^{-1}$) blue and redshifted molecular thermal emission than previously reported, which we associate with the lobes of the Homunculus Nebula, and that delineates very well the innermost contours of the red- and blue-shifted lobes likely due by limb brightening. The inner contour of the redshifted emission was proposed to be a {\it disrupted torus}, but here we revealed that it is at least part of the molecular emission originated from the lobes and/or the expanding equatorial skirt. On the other hand, closer to systemic velocities ($\pm$100 km s$^{-1}$), the CO molecular gas traces an inner butterfly-shaped structure that is also revealed at NIR and MIR wavelengths as the region in which the shielded dust resides. The location and kinematics of the molecular component indicate that this material has formed after the different eruptions of $η$ Carinae.
description: Accepted to Astrophysical Journal. 3D animation -> https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MRWaTkij-Lf_uzTfamJfHeGvgzjDe6Oq/view?usp=sharing
Equilibrium return times of small fluctuating clusters and vacancies
Creators: name: Boccardo, Francesco
name: Benamara, Younes
name: Pierre-Louis, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The expected return time of a fluctuating two-dimensional cluster or vacancy to a given configuration is studied in thermodynamic equilibrium. We define a family of bond-breaking models that preserve the number of particles. This family includes edge diffusion and surface diffusion inside vacancies in the limit of fast particle diffusion and slow attachment-detachment kinetics. Within the frame of these bond-breaking models, the expected return time is found to depend on the energies of the configurations and on the energies of the excited states formed by removing a single particle from the cluster. High and low temperature regimes are studied. We clarify the conditions under which the return time is a non-monotonous function of temperature: a minimum is found when the energy obtained by the average over the excited states of the configuration weighted by their attachment probabilities is lower than the energy averaged over all states. In addition, we show that the optimal temperature at which the return time is minimum is shifted to a higher temperature as compared to the temperature at which the equilibrium probability is maximum. This shift is influenced by the average curvature of the cluster edge, and is therefore larger for vacancies.
description: 13 figures
Controlled generation of hard and easy Bayesian networks: Impact on maximal clique size in tree clustering
Creators: name: Mengshoel, Ole J.
name: Wilkins, David C.
name: Roth, Dan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Engineering
subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article presents and analyzes algorithms that systematically generate random Bayesian networks of varying difficulty levels, with respect to inference using tree clustering. The results are relevant to research on efficient Bayesian network inference, such as computing a most probable explanation or belief updating, since they allow controlled experimentation to determine the impact of improvements to inference algorithms. The results are also relevant to research on machine learning of Bayesian networks, since they support controlled generation of a large number of data sets at a given difficulty level. Our generation algorithms, called BPART and MPART, support controlled but random construction of bipartite and ultipartite Bayesian networks. The Bayesian network parameters that we vary are the total number of nodes, degree of connectivity, the ratio of the number of non-root nodes to the number of root nodes, regularity of the underlying graph, and characteristics of the conditional probability tables. The main dependent parameter is the size of the maximal clique as generated by tree clustering. This article presents extensive empirical analysis using the HUGIN tree clustering approach as well as theoretical analysis related to the random generation of Bayesian
networks using BPART and MPART.
Controlled algebraic G-theory, II
Creators: name: Goldfarb, Boris
name: Lance, Timothy K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18E10, 18E30, 18E35, 18F25, 19D35, 19J99

description: There are two established ways to introduce geometric control in the category of free modules---the bounded control and the continuous control at infinity. Both types of control can be generalized to arbitrary modules over a noetherian ring and applied to study algebraic $K$-theory of infinite groups. This was accomplished for bounded control in part I of the present paper and the subsequent work of G.~Carlsson and the first author, in the context of spaces of finite asymptotic dimension. This part II develops the theory of filtered modules over a proper metric space with a good compactification. It is applicable in particular to CAT(0) groups which do not necessarily have finite asymptotic dimension.
description: 22 pages
Automated Reasoning in Deontic Logic
Creators: name: Furbach, Ulrich
name: Schon, Claudia
name: Stolzenburg, Frieder
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deontic logic is a very well researched branch of mathematical logic and philosophy. Various kinds of deontic logics are discussed for different application domains like argumentation theory, legal reasoning, and acts in multi-agent systems. In this paper, we show how standard deontic logic can be stepwise transformed into description logic and DL- clauses, such that it can be processed by Hyper, a high performance theorem prover which uses a hypertableau calculus. Two use cases, one from multi-agent research and one from the development of normative system are investigated.
Improving Peer-to-Peer Search Performance through Intelligent Social Search
Creators: name: Yang, Stephen J.H.
name: Zhang, Jia
name: L.  Lin
name: Tsai, Jeffrey J.P.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Engineering
subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley
Revealing a hard X-ray spectral component that reverberates within one light hour of the central supermassive black hole in Ark 564
Creators: name: Giustini, M.
name: Turner, T. J.
name: Reeves, J. N.
name: Miller, L.
name: Legg, E.
name: Kraemer, S. B.
name: George, I. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ark 564 (z=0.0247) is an X-ray-bright NLS1. By using advanced X-ray timing techniques, an excess of "delayed" emission in the hard X-ray band (4-7.5 keV) following about 1000 seconds after "flaring" light in the soft X-ray band (0.4-1 keV) was recently detected. We report on the X-ray spectral analysis of eight XMM-Newton and one Suzaku observation of Ark 564. High-resolution spectroscopy was performed with the RGS in the soft X-ray band, while broad-band spectroscopy was performed with the EPIC-pn and XIS/PIN instruments. We analysed time-averaged, flux-selected, and time-resolved spectra. Despite the strong variability in flux during our observational campaign, the broad-band spectral shape of Ark 564 does not vary dramatically and can be reproduced either by a superposition of a power law and a blackbody emission or by a Comptonized power-law emission model. High-resolution spectroscopy revealed ionised gas along the line of sight at the systemic redshift of the source, with a low column density and a range of ionisation states. Broad-band spectroscopy revealed a very steep intrinsic continuum and a rather weak emission feature in the iron K band; modelling this feature with a reflection component requires highly ionised gas. A reflection-dominated or an absorption-dominated model are similarly able to well reproduce the time-averaged data from a statistical point of view, in both cases requiring contrived geometries and/or unlikely physical parameters. Finally, through time-resolved analysis we spectroscopically identified the "delayed" emission as a spectral hardening above ~4 keV; the most likely interpretation for this component is a reprocessing of the "flaring" light by gas located at 10-100 r_g from the central supermassive black hole that is so hot that it can Compton-upscatter the flaring intrinsic continuum emission.
description: 14 pages, 7 tables, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Revised after language editing. Abstract abridged
Wetland Insight Tool Using Digital Earth Africa Data Cube
Creators: name: Digital Earth Africa
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2022
Subjects: Landsat 5
Landsat 7
Landsat 8
WOfS
fc_ls
Wetland insight tool
wetlands
interactive

description: What is it about
A Wetland is a distinct ecosystem that is flooded or saturated by water, either permanently or seasonally. The factors that distinguish wetlands from terrestrial land forms or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation and aquatic plants, adapted to the unique anoxic hydric soils. According to World Wetlands International, Africa's wetlands ecosystems are estimated to cover more than 131 million hectares delivering a wide range of ecosystems services. They include mangroves, peatlands and marshes, rivers and lakes, deltas, floodplains and flooded forests, rice-fields, and even coral reefs. Wetlands is the most diverse ecosystems as habitat to plants and animal species of wide range. The characteristic of wetlands is either freshwater, brackish or saltwater and is also classified by the dominant plants.
The Wetlands Insight Tool (WIT) is a spatiotemporal summary of a wetland that combines multiple datasets derived from the Landsat archive held within DE Africa providing insights into a wetland's seasonal and inter-annual dynamics. Fractional cover, WOfS, and Landsat surface reflectance data are retrieved from DE Africa's ODC and combined to produce a stack plot describing the percentage of a wetland polygon as vegetation fractional cover, open water, and wet vegetation through time. 
This notebook allows for easy replication of analysis across Africa, through simply changing the analysis parameters. The user guide provides an overview of the analysis, resources used/supplied and directions on how to reproduce the analysis.
This knowledge package includes the necessary data, computational resources and instructions required to reproduce the methodology used in Digital Earth Africa's 'Wetlands Insight Tool' Jupyter Notebook. 
The User's Guide provides an overview of the application.
Properties of the radius valley around low mass stars: Predictions from the core-powered mass-loss mechanism
Creators: name: Gupta, Akash
name: Nicholson, Lorraine
name: Schlichting, Hilke E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, analyzing the bimodality in the size distribution of small planets, i.e., the `radius valley', has given us unprecedented insight into the planet formation process. Here we explore the properties of the radius valley for low mass stars, assuming that the core-powered mass-loss is the dominant process shaping the small exoplanet population. We show that the slope of radius valley in the planet size-orbital period space, to first-order, does not vary with stellar mass and has a negative slope of $\text{d log}R_p/\text{d log}P \simeq -0.11$ even for stars as small as 0.1 $M_\odot$, as observed in latest studies. Furthermore, we find that the slope of the radius valley in the planet size-stellar mass space is $\text{d log}R_p/\text{d log}M_\ast \simeq (3 ζ- 2)/36$ where $ζ$ is given by the stellar mass-luminosity relation $L_\ast \propto M_\ast^ζ$. Because $ζ$ is $\gtrsim$ 2 and increases with stellar mass, we predict that the radius valley has a positive slope in the planet size-stellar mass space across FGKM dwarfs. This slope, however, decreases (increases) in magnitude towards lower (higher) mass stars, due to the variation of $ζ$ with stellar mass. While around 1.0 $M_\odot$ stars the slope is $\text{d log}R_p/\text{d log}M_\ast \sim 0.37$, it is as low as $\sim 0.13$ around 0.1 $M_\odot$ stars. In addition, we find that the radius valley is narrower and less empty around lower mass stars. Finally, we show that predictions for the radius valley for core-powered mass-loss and photoevaporation become increasingly distinct for lower mass stars.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures and 1 table. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Shape optimization of an electric motor subject to nonlinear magnetostatics
Creators: name: Gangl, Peter
name: Langer, Ulrich
name: Laurain, Antoine
name: Meftahi, Houcine
name: Sturm, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q93, 49Q10, 49Q12, 65N30, 78A30, 78M10, 78M50

description: The goal of this paper is to improve the performance of an electric motor by modifying the geometry of a specific part of the iron core of its rotor. To be more precise, the objective is to smooth the rotation pattern of the rotor. A shape optimization problem is formulated by introducing a tracking-type cost functional to match a desired rotation pattern. The magnetic field generated by permanent magnets is modeled by a nonlinear partial differential equation of magnetostatics. The shape sensitivity analysis is rigorously performed for the nonlinear problem by means of a new shape-Lagrangian formulation adapted to nonlinear problems.
description: 26 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 25 of Non-canonical two-step biosynthesis of anti-oomycete indole alkaloids in Kickxellales
Creators: name: Rassbach, Johannes
name: Hilsberg, Nathalie
name: Haensch, Veit G.
name: Dörner, Sebastian
name: Gressler, Julia
name: Sonnabend, Robin
name: Semm, Caroline
name: Voigt, Kerstin
name: Hertweck, Christian
name: Gressler, Markus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 25: Figure S22. Production of lindolin A and B in Kickxellales and related species.
Surgery for acromegaly: Indications and goals
Creators: name: Rindler, Rima S.
name: Oyesiku, Nelson M.
name: Mannam, Sai
name: Bray, David P.
name: Quillin, Joseph W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Acromegaly is a disease that occurs secondary to high levels of GH, most often from a hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma, with multisystem adverse effects. Diagnosis includes serum GH and IGF-1 levels, and obtaining an MRI pituitary protocol to assess for a functional pituitary adenoma. Attempted gross total resection of the GH-secreting adenoma is the gold standard in treatment for patients with acromegaly for a goal of biochemical remission. Medical and radiation therapies are available when patients do not achieve biochemical cure after surgical therapy.
Signatures of reionization feedback in the near-infrared background
Creators: name: Mirocha, Jordan
name: Liu, Adrian
name: La Plante, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reionization of the intergalactic medium at redshifts $z\gtrsim 6$ is expected to have a lasting impact on galaxies residing in low-mass dark matter halos. Unable to accrete or retain gas photo-heated to temperatures $T \gtrsim 10^4$ K, the star formation histories of faint galaxies in the early Universe are expected to decline as they exhaust their gas supply, resulting in a turn-over in the galaxy luminosity function (LF) and a potential solution to the missing satellites problem in the local group. Unfortunately, there are several challenges to constraining `reionization feedback' empirically, most notably that galaxies in low-mass halos are intrinsically faint, and that there are other physical mechanisms capable of inducing a turn-over in the LF. In this work, we investigate a new signature of reionization feedback that is in principle distinct from other processes: as faint galaxies are quenched by reionization, their stellar populations passively age and grow redder while the brighter galaxies nearby continue to form stars at an increasing rate and so remain relatively blue. We find that this contrast, between quenched and un-quenched galaxies induces a scale and colour-dependent signature in the present-day near-infrared background comparable to the expected sensitivity of NASA's upcoming SPHEREx mission. Whereas models with pure mass suppression largely affect the signal at wavelengths $\lesssim 2 μ\rm{m}$, $\sim 5$%-level differences in the background persist out to $\sim 5 μ\rm{m}$ for reionization feedback models. Finally, the power spectra of intensity ratio maps exhibit larger variations, and may thus be a promising target for future analyses.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Additional file 26 of Non-canonical two-step biosynthesis of anti-oomycete indole alkaloids in Kickxellales
Creators: name: Rassbach, Johannes
name: Hilsberg, Nathalie
name: Haensch, Veit G.
name: Dörner, Sebastian
name: Gressler, Julia
name: Sonnabend, Robin
name: Semm, Caroline
name: Voigt, Kerstin
name: Hertweck, Christian
name: Gressler, Markus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 26: Figure S23. Antimicrobial activities of 4 and 5.
A representation of robotic behaviors using component port arbitration
Creators: name: Paikan, Ali
name: Metta, Giorgio
name: Natale, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Developing applications considering reactiveness, scalability and re-usability has always been at the center of attention of robotic researchers. Behavior-based architectures have been proposed as a programming paradigm to develop robust and complex behaviors as integration of simpler modules whose activities are directly modulated by sensory feedback or input from other models. The design of behavior based systems, however, becomes increasingly difficult as the complexity of the application grows. This article proposes an approach for modeling and coordinating behaviors in distributed architectures based on port arbitration which clearly separates representation of the behaviors from the composition of the software components. Therefore, based on different behavioral descriptions, the same software components can be reused to implement different applications.
description: Presented at DSLRob 2014 (arXiv:cs/1411.7148)
Tumour microbiomes and Fusobacterium genomics in Vietnamese colorectal cancer patients.
Creators: name: Tran, Hoang NH
name: Thu, Trang Nguyen Hoang
name: Nguyen, Phu Huu
name: Vo, Chi Nguyen
name: Doan, Khanh Van
name: Nguyen Ngoc Minh, Chau
name: Nguyen, Ngoc Tuan
name: Ta, Van Ngoc Duc
name: Vu, Khuong An
name: Hua, Thanh Danh
name: Nguyen, To Nguyen Thi
name: Van, Tan Trinh
name: Pham Duc, Trung
name: Duong, Ba Lap
name: Nguyen, Phuc Minh
name: Hoang, Vinh Chuc
name: Pham, Duy Thanh
name: Thwaites, Guy E
name: Hall, Lindsay J
name: Slade, Daniel J
name: Baker, Stephen
name: Tran, Vinh Hung
name: Chung The, Hao
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Article
/631/326/2565/2134
/631/1647/514/2254
/631/326/107
article

description: Perturbations in the gut microbiome have been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), with the colonic overabundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum shown as the most consistent marker. Despite its significance in the promotion of CRC, genomic studies of Fusobacterium is limited. We enrolled 43 Vietnamese CRC patients and 25 participants with non-cancerous colorectal polyps to study the colonic microbiomes and genomic diversity of Fusobacterium in this population, using a combination of 16S rRNA gene profiling, anaerobic microbiology, and whole genome analysis. Oral bacteria, including F. nucleatum and Leptotrichia, were significantly more abundant in the tumour microbiomes. We obtained 53 Fusobacterium genomes, representing 26 strains, from the saliva, tumour and non-tumour tissues of six CRC patients. Isolates from the gut belonged to diverse F. nucleatum subspecies (nucleatum, animalis, vincentii, polymorphum) and a potential new subspecies of Fusobacterium periodonticum. The Fusobacterium population within each individual was distinct and in some cases diverse, with minimal intra-clonal variation. Phylogenetic analyses showed that within four individuals, tumour-associated Fusobacterium were clonal to those isolated from non-tumour tissues. Genes encoding major virulence factors (Fap2 and RadD) showed evidence of horizontal gene transfer. Our work provides a framework to understand the genomic diversity of Fusobacterium within the CRC patients, which can be exploited for the development of CRC diagnostic and therapeutic options targeting this oncobacterium.
Local Inequities in the Relative Production of and Exposure to Vehicular Air Pollution in Los Angeles
Creators: name: Boeing, Geoff
name: Lu, Yougeng
name: Pilgram, Clemens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vehicular air pollution has created an ongoing air quality and public health crisis. Despite growing knowledge of racial injustice in exposure levels, less is known about the relationship between the production of and exposure to such pollution. This study assesses pollution burden by testing whether local populations' vehicular air pollution exposure is proportional to how much they drive. Through a Los Angeles, California case study we examine how this relates to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status -- and how these relationships vary across the region. We find that, all else equal, tracts whose residents drive less are exposed to more air pollution, as are tracts with a less-White population. Commuters from majority-White tracts disproportionately drive through non-White tracts, compared to the inverse. Decades of racially-motivated freeway infrastructure planning and residential segregation shape today's disparities in who produces vehicular air pollution and who is exposed to it, but opportunities exist for urban planning and transport policy to mitigate this injustice.
description: Pre-print
Post-Revolutionary Iran: Contemporary Society and Cross-Border Security in Confronting International Terrorism
Creators: name: Esmailzadeh, Yaser
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Political science not elsewhere classified

description: This article investigates post-revolutionary Iran's contemporary society, cross-border security, and counterterrorism efforts in confronting international terrorism. Employing a descriptive-analytical method, the study reviews library documents, such as books, academic articles, and official reports, to provide a comprehensive understanding of Iran's progress and challenges since the 1979 revolution. The article delves into the multifaceted aspects of Iran's domestic and foreign policies, its commitment to social justice and economic development, and the growing needs of its youth population. Furthermore, it explores Iran's emphasis on cross-border security and proactive stance against international terrorism, including cooperation with regional and international partners, intelligence sharing, and addressing the root causes of terrorism. The article highlights Iran's active participation in the global fight against terrorist organizations, such as ISIS, by providing military assistance and engaging in diplomatic efforts. The descriptive-analytical method facilitates a nuanced assessment of Iran's domestic and foreign policies and their regional and global security implications. In conclusion, the article underscores the importance of understanding Iran's position within the contemporary geopolitical landscape and its role in the global fight against international terrorism.
An Overview of Limitations and Approaches in Identity Management
Creators: name: Pöhn, Daniela
name: Hommel, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Identity and access management (I&AM) is the umbrella term for managing users and their permissions. It is required for users to access different services. These services can either be provided from their home organization, like a company or university, or from external service providers, e.g., cooperation partners. I&AM provides the management of identifiers with the attributes, credentials, roles, and permissions the user has. Today, the requirements have evolved from simply accessing individual web services in the internet or at a company to the majority of all IT services from different service providers with various accounts. Several identity management models have been created with different approaches within. In order to adjust to heterogeneous environments, use cases, and the evolution of identity management, this paper extends known requirements for identity management. Existing models and approaches for identity management are mapped to the derived requirements. Based on the mapping, advantages, disadvantages, and gaps are identified. Current approaches suffer, as an example, from trustworthiness and liability issues. Interoperability issues are even more inherent as the approaches partly develop apart, forming an heterogeneous environment. The results from this analysis emphasize the need for one holistic identity management framework.
description: The 15th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES 2020), August 25--28, 2020, Virtual Event, Ireland
TaxIdMA: Towards a Taxonomy for Attacks related to Identities
Creators: name: Hommel, Daniela Pöhn und Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Identity management refers to the technology and policies for the identification, authentication, and authorization of users in computer networks. Identity management is therefore fundamental to today's IT ecosystem. At the same time, identity management systems, where digital identities are managed, pose an attractive target for attacks. With the heterogeneity of identity management systems, every type (i.e., models, protocols, implementations) has different requirements, typical problems, and hence attack vectors. In order to provide a systematic and categorized overview, the framework Taxonomy for Identity Management Attacks (TaxIdMA) for attacks related to identities is proposed. The purpose of this framework is to classify existing attacks associated with system identities, identity management systems, and end-user identities as well as the background using an extensible structure from a scientific perspective. The taxonomy is then evaluated with eight real-world attacks resp. vulnerabilities. This analysis shows the capability of the proposed taxonomy framework TaxIdMA in describing and categorizing these attacks.
description: The 17th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES 2022), August 23-26, 2022, Vienna, Austria
Helicity-independent all-optical switching of magnetization in ferrimagnetic alloys
Creators: name: Davies, C. S.
name: Mentink, J. H.
name: Kimel, A. V.
name: Rasing, Th.
name: Kirilyuk, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review and discuss the process of single-shot helicity-independent all-optical switching of magnetization by which a single suitably-ultrafast excitation, under the right conditions, toggles magnetization from one stable state to another. For almost a decade, this phenomenon was only consistently observed in specific rare-earth-transition-metal ferrimagnetic alloys of GdFeCo, but breakthrough experiments in recent years have revealed that the same behavior can be achieved in a wide range of multi-sublattice magnets including TbCo alloys doped with minute amounts of Gd, Gd/Co and Tb/Co synthetic ferrimagnets, and the rare-earth-free Heusler alloy Mn$_2$Ru$_x$Ga. Aiming to resolve the conditions that allow switching, a series of experiments have shown that the process in the ferrimagnetic alloys GdFeCo and Mn$_2$Ru$_x$Ga is highly sensitive to the pulse duration, starting temperature and the alloy composition. We argue here that the switching displayed by these two very different ferrimagnetic alloys can be generally understood within a single phenomenological framework describing the flow of angular momentum between the constituent sublattices and from the sublattices to the environment. The conditions that facilitate switching stem from the properties of these channels of angular momentum flow in combination with the size of the angular momentum reservoirs. We conclude with providing an outlook in this vibrant research field, with emphasis on the outstanding open questions pertaining to the underlying physics along with noting the advances in exploiting this switching process in technological applications.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures. Submitted to the special issue on "Advances in magnetic switching technologies" to be published in Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
State-of-the-Art Predictions for C-parameter and a Determination of alpha_s
Creators: name: Hoang, Andre H.
name: Kolodrubetz, Daniel W.
name: Mateu, Vicent
name: Stewart, Iain W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The C-parameter event-shape distribution for e+e- annihilation into hadrons is computed in the framework of SCET including input from fixed-order perturbation theory. We calculate all missing ingredients for achieving N3LL resummation accuracy in the cross section, which is then matched onto O(alpha_s^3) fixed-order results. Hadronization power corrections are incorporated as a convolution with a nonperturbative shape function. Wide-angle soft radiation effects introduce an O(Lambda_QCD) renormalon ambiguity in the cross section, which we cure by switching to the Rgap short-distance scheme. We also include hadron mass effects, but find their effect is rather small. Performing fits to the tail of the C-parameter distribution for many center of mass energies we find that the strong coupling constant is alpha_s(mZ) = 0.1123 +-0.0015, with chi^2/dof=0.99.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Presented at the 37th International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP)
Joint analyses of human milk fatty acids, phospholipids, and choline in association with cognition and temperament traits during the first 6 months of life
Creators: name: Hazlett, Heather
name: Lin, Weili
name: Cho, Seoyoon
name: Sprenger, Norbert
name: Wu, Di
name: Hauser, Jonas
name: Zhu, Ziliang
name: Baluyot, Kristine
name: Zhu, Hongtu
name: Samuel, Tinu M.
name: Li, Tengfei
name: Elison, Jed T.
name: Howell, Brittany
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Early dietary exposure via human milk nutrients offers a window of opportunity to support cognitive and temperament development. While several studies have focused on associations of few pre-selected human milk nutrients with cognition and temperament, it is highly plausible that human milk nutrients synergistically and jointly support cognitive and behavioral development in early life. We aimed to discern the combined associations of three major classes of human milk nutrients with cognition and temperament during the first 6 months of life when human milk is the primary source of an infant’s nutrition and explore whether there were persistent effects up to 18 months old. The Mullen Scales of Early Learning and Infant Behavior Questionnaires—Revised were used to assess cognition and temperament, respectively, of 54 exclusively/predominantly breastfed infants in the first 6 months of life, whose follow-ups were conducted at 6–9, 9–12, and 12–18 months old. Human milk samples were obtained from the mothers of the participants at less than 6 months of age and analyzed for fatty acids [total monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acid, total saturated fatty acid (TSFA), arachidonic acid (ARA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), ARA/DHA, omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio (n-6/n-3)], phospholipids [phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), sphingomyelin], and choline [free choline, phosphocholine (PCho), glycerophosphocholine]. Feature selection was performed to select nutrients associated with cognition and temperament. The combined effects of selected nutrients were analyzed using multiple regression. A positive association between the arachidonic acid (ARA) and surgency was observed (p = 0.024). A significant effect of DHA, n-6/n-3, PE, and TSFA concentrations on receptive language (R2 = 0.39, p = 0.025) and the elevated ARA, PCho, and PI with increased surgency (R2 = 0.43, p = 0.003) was identified, suggesting that DHA and ARA may have distinct roles for temperament and language functions. Furthermore, the exploratory association analyses suggest that the effects of human milk nutrients on R.L. and surgency may persist beyond the first 6 months of life, particularly surgency at 12–18 months (p = 0.002). Our study highlighted that various human milk nutrients work together to support the development of cognition and temperament traits during early infancy.
Cognitive Systems and Question Answering
Creators: name: Furbach, Ulrich
name: Schon, Claudia
name: Stolzenburg, Frieder
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper briefly characterizes the field of cognitive computing. As an exemplification, the field of natural language question answering is introduced together with its specific challenges. A possibility to master these challenges is illustrated by a detailed presentation of the LogAnswer system, which is a successful representative of the field of natural language question answering.