cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A no-go theorem for observer-independent facts
Creators: name: Brukner, Caslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In his famous thought experiment, Wigner assigns an entangled state to the composite quantum system made up of Wigner's friend and her observed system. While the two of them have different accounts of the process, each Wigner and his friend can in principle verify his/her respective state assignments by performing an appropriate measurement. As manifested through a click in a detector or a specific position of the pointer, the outcomes of these measurements can be regarded as reflecting directly observable "facts". Reviewing arXiv:1507.05255, I will derive a no-go theorem for observer-independent facts, which would be common both for Wigner and the friend. I will then analyze this result in the context of a newly derived theorem in arXiv:1604.07422, where Frauchiger and Renner prove that "single-world interpretations of quantum theory cannot be self-consistent". It is argued that "self-consistency" has the same implications as the assumption that observational statements of different observers can be compared in a single (and hence an observer-independent) theoretical framework. The latter, however, may not be possible, if the statements are to be understood as relational in the sense that their determinacy is relative to an observer.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
A Field Theory Approach to the $t$-$J$ Model and the Spin-Charge Separation
Creators: name: Lerda, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the $t$-$J$ model using the ${\rm CP}^1$ representation for the slave operators (holons and spinons) which is particularly suited to study the phenomenon of the spin-charge separation in strongly correlated electron systems. In particular, we show that for the one-dimensional $t$-$J$ model below half-filling the low energy effective dynamics of the spin and charge degrees of freedom is represented in the continuum limit by a ${\rm CP}^1$ model with a topological term, minimally coupled to a massless Dirac field with a four-fermion interaction. The bosonic term of this action describes the spin waves produced by the spinons, while the fermionic term represents the low energy charge excitations. This theory exhibits explicitly a local abelian gauge invariance.
description: 27 pp., TeX file (1 figure on request), DFT-US 1/94
A twist in chiral interaction between biological helices
Creators: name: Kornyshev, A. A.
name: Leikin, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Biology (q-bio)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Using an exact solution for the pair interaction potential, we show that long, rigid, chiral molecules with helical surface charge patterns have a preferential interaxial angle ~((RH)^1/2)/L, where L is the length of the molecules, R is the closest distance between their axes, and H is the helical pitch. Estimates based on this formula suggest a solution for the puzzle of small interaxial angles in a-helix bundles and in cholesteric phases of DNA.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, PDF file only
title: Do women outperform men? Gender differences in participation and performance in STEM and non-STEM university subjects of gender dominance
Creators: name: Osterburg, Mara
name: Bauer, Victoria A.
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: higher education
subject: student behaviour
subject: gender gap
subject: engineering education
subject: social sciences
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: Women are underrepresented in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) degrees in higher education (HE), despite outperforming at other levels of education (Kriesi & Imdorf, 2019). Previous research explains this in terms of stereotype threat and gender dominance (Koch et al., 2022; Hill et al., 2010). Inconsistent findings of a male advantage (Matz et al., 2017) highlight the need for a more detailed examination of student behavior. Our study addresses the research gap on gender differences in performance and participation by examining variations in gender differences in student performance and participation at the module level from two perspectives: 1) between STEM and non-STEM programs, and 2) between female- and male-dominated programs. We use administrative datasets from three undergraduate programs at a large German university. The total of 5,853 cases consist of the 2016-2021 program cohorts in mechanical engineering (male-dominated STEM), political science (male-dominated non-STEM), and sociology (female-dominated non-STEM). Women tend to outperform men in terms of grades, regardless of whether the program is in a STEM or gender-dominated field. The same is true for module exam participation rates in non-STEM programs, while in male-dominated STEM fields they may be outperformed by men, who on the other hand have to retake exams more often than women in these fields. Our findings suggest that when studying gender differences in higher education, it is important to look at detailed behaviors rather than focusing only on overall student success. The study also highlights the importance of comparing not only STEM and non-STEM fields, but also gender dominance, as we see nuanced cross-level effects.
Dynamics of Weak First Order Phase Transitions
Creators: name: Gleiser, Marcelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of weak vs. strong first order phase transitions is investigated numerically for 2+1 dimensional scalar field models. It is argued that the change from a weak to a strong transition is itself a (second order) phase transition, with the order parameter being the equilibrium fractional population difference between the two phases at the critical temperature, and the control parameter being the coefficient of the cubic coupling in the free-energy density. The critical point is identified, and a power law controlling the relaxation dynamics at this point is obtained. Possible applications are briefly discussed.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures in uuencoded compressed file (see instructions in main text), RevTeX, DART-HEP-94/01
Spectral Presheaves, Kochen-Specker Contextuality, and Quantale-Valued Relations
Creators: name: Dunne, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the topos approach to quantum theory of Doering and Isham the Kochen-Specker Theorem, which asserts the contextual nature of quantum theory, can be reformulated in terms of the global sections of a presheaf characterised by the Gelfand spectrum of a commutative C*-algebra. In previous work we showed how this topos perspective can be generalised to a class of categories typically studied within the monoidal approach to quantum theory of Abramsky and Coecke, and in particular how one can generalise the Gelfand spectrum. Here we study the Gelfand spectrum presheaf for categories of quantale-valued relations, and by considering its global sections we give a non-contextuality result for these categories. We also show that the Gelfand spectrum comes equipped with a topology which has a natural interpretation when thinking of these structures as representing physical theories.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2017, arXiv:1802.09737
Modelling contextuality by probabilistic programs with hypergraph semantics
Creators: name: Bruza, Peter D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Models of a phenomenon are often developed by examining it under different experimental conditions, or measurement contexts. The resultant probabilistic models assume that the underlying random variables, which define a measurable set of outcomes, can be defined independent of the measurement context. The phenomenon is deemed contextual when this assumption fails. Contextuality is an important issue in quantum physics. However, there has been growing speculation that it manifests outside the quantum realm with human cognition being a particularly prominent area of investigation. This article contributes the foundations of a probabilistic programming language that allows convenient exploration of contextuality in wide range of applications relevant to cognitive science and artificial intelligence. Specific syntax is proposed to allow the specification of "measurement contexts". Each such context delivers a partial model of the phenomenon based on the associated experimental condition described by the measurement context. The probabilistic program is translated into a hypergraph in a modular way. Recent theoretical results from the field of quantum physics show that contextuality can be equated with the possibility of constructing a probabilistic model on the resulting hypergraph. The use of hypergraphs opens the door for a theoretically succinct and efficient computational semantics sensitive to modelling both contextual and non-contextual phenomena. Finally, this article raises awareness of contextuality beyond quantum physics and to contribute formal methods to detect its presence by means of hypergraph semantics.
description: Accepted for "Theoretical Computer Science"
Psychosocial Health Disparities Among Black Bisexual Men in the U.S.: Effects of Sexuality Nondisclosure and Gay Community Support
Creators: name: Matthews, D.D.
name: Siconolfi, D.
name: Bukowski, L.
name: Friedman, M.R.
name: Eaton, L.A.
name: Stall, R.
name: Dyer, T.V.
Publisher: name: Springer New York LLC
Year: 2019

description: Compared with Black gay men, Black bisexual men experience psychosocial health disparities, including depression, polydrug use, physical assault, and intimate partner violence (IPV). Black bisexual men are also less likely to disclose their sexuality, which may result in them receiving less sexual minority community support, exacerbating psychosocial health disparities. We assessed relationships between bisexual behavior, bisexual identity, sexuality nondisclosure, gay community support, and psychosocial morbidities among Black men who have sex with men (MSM). Between 2014 and 2017, survey data were collected from Black MSM ≥ 18 years old (n = 4430) at Black Pride events in six U.S. cities. We differentiated between bisexual-identified men reporting past-year sex with men and women (bisexual MSMW, 8.4%); gay-identified men reporting sex with men only (gay MSMO, 73.1%); gay MSMW (8.0%); and bisexual MSMO (8.4%). Multivariable regressions contrasted these groups by psychosocial morbidities, sexuality nondisclosure, and gay community support. Structural equation models assessed total, direct, and indirect effects. Compared with gay MSMO, bisexual MSMW and gay MSMW were significantly more likely to report polydrug use, depression symptoms, IPV, physical assault, sexuality nondisclosure, and lack of gay community support. Lack of gay community support had significant indirect effects on the relationships between bisexual behavior and psychosocial morbidity (p < .001) and between bisexual identity and psychosocial morbidity (p < .001). Sexuality nondisclosure had significant indirect effects on relationships between bisexual behavior (p < .001), bisexual identity (p < .001), and lack of gay community support. Psychosocial health disparities experienced by Black bisexual men are associated with both bisexual behavior and bisexual identity. Interventions decreasing biphobia will facilitate opportunities for protective sexuality disclosure and access to sexual minority community support.
Derivative Expansion of the Exact Renormalization Group
Creators: name: Morris, Tim R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The functional flow equations for the Legendre effective action, with respect to changes in a smooth cutoff, are approximated by a derivative expansion; no other approximation is made. This results in a set of coupled non-linear differential equations. The corresponding differential equations for a fixed point action have at most a countable number of solutions that are well defined for all values of the field. We apply the technique to the fixed points of one-component real scalar field theory in three dimensions. Only two non-singular solutions are found: the gaussian fixed point and an approximation to the Wilson fixed point. The latter is used to compute critical exponents, by carrying the approximation to second order. The results appear to converge rapidly.
description: 14 pages (with figures), Plain TeX, uses psfig, 4 postscript figures appended as uuencoded compressed tar file, SHEP 93/94-16, CERN-TH.7203/94. (Added small details and minor improvements in rigour : the version to be published in Phys.Lett.B)
Correlation Function in Ising Models
Creators: name: Ruge, C.
name: Zhu, P.
name: Wagner, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We simulated the fourier transform of the correlation function of the Ising model in two and three dimensions using a single cluster algorithm with improved estimators. The simulations are in agreement with series expansion and the available exact results in $d=2$, which shows, that the cluster algorithm can succesfully be applied for correlations. We show as a further result that our data do not support a hypothesis of Fisher that in any $d=2$ lattice the fourier transform of the correlation function depends on the lattice generating function only. In $d=3$ our simulation are again in agreement with the results from the series expansion, except for the amplitudes $f_{\pm}$, where we find $f_+/f_-=2.06(1)$.
description: 16 pages Latex, uuencoded compressed tar file with 6 figures included
Religious Freedom Restoration Acts and Sexual Minority Population Health in the United States
Creators: name: Cassese, E.C.
name: Coulter, R.W.S.
name: Sang, J.M.
name: Matthews, D.D.
name: Mair, C.
name: Friedman, M.R.
name: Blosnich, J.R.
Publisher: name: American Psychological Association Inc.
Year: 2018

description: Religious freedom restoration acts (RFRAs) in the United States potentially facilitate discrimination against lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals (i.e., sexual minorities). In the current investigation, we explored whether a population health metric among sexual minority adults changed over time based on the presence, absence, or introduction of a state RFRA. Data are from 21 of the United States that gathered sexual orientation data from population-based samples of noninstitutionalized adults in the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (CDC, 2015, 2016). The analytic sample included 4,911 sexual minority individuals. Time was measured in 4 3-month quarters (i.e., Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4). For each state, the prevalence of sexual minority adults reporting =14 unhealthy days/30 days was calculated. Only Indiana (the only state in the sample that passed an RFRA in 2015) exhibited significant increasing proportions over time of sexual minority adults reporting =14 unhealthy days (Q1 = 24.5%, Q2 = 34.8%, Q3 = 41.2%, Q4 = 59.5%; β = 0.50, SE = 0.23, p = .037). Post hoc analyses revealed that unhealthy days did not increase for heterosexual adults in Indiana. Indiana's RFRA could have contributed to the increasing prevalence of unhealthy days among sexual minority adults in that state during 2015. Public health surveillance tools are needed to expedite analyses of the impact of laws on minority population health.
Papilio rapae Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Papilionidae
Papilio
Papilio rapae

description: Papilio rapae [spec. nov.]
P. D. alis integerrimis rotundatis: primoribus maculis duabus apicibusque nigris, minor. Fn. svec. 798.
Habitat in Brassicis, Tropaeolo.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 468, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Investigation of the cosmic ray population and magnetic field strength in the halo of NGC 891
Creators: name: Mulcahy, D. D.
name: Horneffer, A.
name: Beck, R.
name: Krause, M.
name: Schmidt, P.
name: Basu, A.
name: Chyzy, K. T.
name: Dettmar, R. -J.
name: Haverkorn, M.
name: Heald, G.
name: Heesen, V.
name: Horellou, C.
name: Iacobelli, M.
name: Nikiel-Wroczynski, B.
name: Paladino, R.
name: Scaife, A. M. M.
name: Sridhar, Sarrvesh S.
name: Strom, R. G.
name: Tabatabaei, F. S.
name: Cantwel, T.
name: Carey, S. H.
name: Grainge, K.
name: Hickish, J.
name: Perrot, Y.
name: Razavi-Ghods, N.
name: Scott, P.
name: Titterington, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2
subject: 85-05

description: Low-frequency radio continuum observations of edge-on galaxies are ideal to study cosmic-ray electrons (CREs) in halos via radio synchrotron emission and to measure magnetic field strengths. We obtained new observations of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 891 at 129-163 MHz with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) and at 13-18 GHz with the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager (AMI) and combine them with recent high-resolution Very Large Array (VLA) observations at 1-2 GHz, enabling us to study the radio continuum emission over two orders of magnitude in frequency. The spectrum of the integrated nonthermal flux density can be fitted by a power law with a spectral steepening towards higher frequencies or by a curved polynomial. Spectral flattening at low frequencies due to free-free absorption is detected in star-forming regions of the disk. The mean magnetic field strength in the halo is 7 +- 2 $μ$G. The scale heights of the nonthermal halo emission at 146 MHz are larger than those at 1.5 GHz everywhere, with a mean ratio of 1.7 +- 0.3, indicating that spectral ageing of CREs is important and that diffusive propagation dominates. The halo scale heights at 146 MHz decrease with increasing magnetic field strengths which is a signature of dominating synchrotron losses of CREs. On the other hand, the spectral index between 146 MHz and 1.5 GHz linearly steepens from the disk to the halo, indicating that advection rather than diffusion is the dominating CRE transport process. This issue calls for refined modelling of CRE propagation.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Finite Size Effects in Fluid Interfaces
Creators: name: Caselle, M.
name: Gliozzi, F.
name: Provero, P.
name: Vinti, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that finite size effects in the free energy of a rough interface of the 3D Ising and three--state Potts models are well described by the capillary wave model at {\em two--loop} order. The agreement between theoretical predictions and Monte Carlo simulations strongly supports the idea of the universality of this description of order--order interfaces in 3D statistical systems above the roughening temperature.
description: 3 pages, uuencoded .ps file, figures included. (Proceeding of Lattice '93)
VERIFICATION OF MULTIBAND CHARACTERISTICS IN ITERATIVE FRACTAL ANTENNA
Creators: name: Ofernandez, Ricard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents verification of multiband characteristics of a circularly shaped iterative fractal antenna with increasing number of fractal iterations. The four numbers of iterations are considered for this study. Also, the miniaturization characteristics of the fractal antenna with increasing number of fractal iterations have been studied. The proposed 4 th iterated fractal antenna is designed on FR4 substrate (h = 1.56 mm and εr = 4.3). The antenna is coaxially fed using surface mount adapter. The proposed circularly shaped fractal antenna is found to resonate at four centre frequencies such as 0.683 GHz, 0.97 GHz, 1.29 GHz, and 1.68 GHz. The antenna finds applications in various compact multiband wireless communications due its smaller size , low cross polarization and multiband behaviour.
Concentrations, Sources and Ecological Risk of Organochlorine Pesticides in Urban Stream Sediments of Suzhou Industrial Park, China
Creators: name: Wu, Xiaoguo
name: Wang, Qing
name: Yuan, Zijiao
name: He, Binbin
name: Liu, Houqi
name: Wang, Shanshan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The concentrations, potential sources, and ecological risk of fifteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in urban stream sediments of a Chinese national demonstration eco-industrial park, the Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP), were investigated. ∑OCPs in the sediments were 1.0– 23 ng g−1 (mean = 9.9 ± 5.0 ng g−1). Generally, HCHs and DDTs were the predominant OCPs and contributed 81% of ∑OCPs. Influenced by the difference in hydrological conditions and OCP use history, levels of OCPs in the sediments of the central area of SIP were lower than those of the outer region. Based on the source analysis, HCHs in the sediments were primarily influenced by the historical usage of technical HCH, and DDTs in the sediments were largely influenced by decayed technical DDT and dicofol. Endosulfans and chlordanes in the sediments were largely influenced by weathered sources. Ecological risk analysis suggested OCPs in sediments of most sampling sites would lead to a moderate toxic effect on sediment-dwelling organisms.
A Multi-US City Assessment of Awareness and Uptake of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV Prevention Among Black Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex with Men
Creators: name: Wilson, P.A.
name: Eaton, L.A.
name: The POWER Study Team
name: Bukowski, L.
name: Driffin, D.D.
name: Stall, R.D.
name: Matthews, D.D.
Publisher: name: Springer New York LLC
Year: 2017

description: The HIV epidemic among Black men and transgender women who have sex with men (BMTW) demands an urgent public health response. HIV point prevalence among this population ranges from 25 to 43%—a rate far exceeding any other group. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention is a very promising prevention tool; however, its full potential to slow the epidemic has yet to be realized. For the current study, random time-location sampling at Black Gay Pride Events was used to collect data from N = 1274 BMTW, from five US cities, reporting HIV-negative/unknown status. In-field HIV testing was also provided to participants. Participants were assessed on awareness and use of PrEP, health care factors, HIV testing history, psychosocial variables, and sex behaviors. About one third of participants were aware of PrEP (39%), and a small percentage of participants were users of PrEP (4.6%). In multivariable analyses, being in a relationship, testing for HIV in the past 6 months, and others being aware of one’s sexuality were positively associated with PrEP awareness. Higher levels of internalized homophobia and greater numbers of female sex partners were positively associated with PrEP use, while education and condom use were negatively associated. Based on study findings, messaging and uptake of PrEP needs greater expansion and requires novel approaches for scale-up. Improving linkage to HIV testing services is likely critical for engaging BMTW with PrEP. The potential for PrEP to slow the HIV epidemic is high; however, we must strengthen efforts to ensure universal availability and uptake.
Probing Spatial Correlations with Nanoscale Two-Contact Tunneling
Creators: name: Byers, Jeff M.
name: Flatte', Michael E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interference effects on the transport through two localized tunnel junctions on the surface of a well-grounded sample reveal intrinsic spatial correlations characteristic of the uncoupled sample. Differential conductances of the two-junction probe are related to the spatial correlations of both normal and superconducting samples. For a superconducting sample the gap anisotropy strongly affects the results. This may serve as a sensitive probe of the order parameter in high-temperature superconductors.
description: To appear in PRL January. Mainly stylistic revisions. Figures upon request
Papilio napi Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Papilionidae
Papilio
Papilio napi

description: Papilio napi [spec. nov.]
P. D. alis integerrimis rotundatis albis: subtus venis dilatato-virescentibus. Fn. svec. 797.
Merian. eur. 2. t. 39.
Habitat in Brassica & affinibus.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 468, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
HIV and STIs Among MSM in Tajikistan: Laboratory-Confirmed Diagnoses and Self-Reported Testing Behaviors
Creators: name: Coulter, R.W.S.
name: Gulov, K.
name: Matthews, D.D.
name: Uzzi, M.
name: Stall, R.
Publisher: name: Springer New York LLC
Year: 2016

description: Little is known about the prevalence and associations of HIV/STI diagnoses and testing behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Tajikistan. A non-governmental organization conducted a cross-sectional study of MSM (n = 502) assessing laboratory-confirmed HIV/STI diagnoses, HIV/STI testing behavior in the past 6 months, sociodemographics, HIV/STI risk factors, and victimization/discrimination. Overall, 2.6 % were diagnosed with HIV, 2.2 % with syphilis, 17.6 % with chlamydia, and 56.0 % with herpes. Recent testing rates were low for HIV (35.9 %) and STIs (14.1 %). Compared to MSM who completed university, MSM with a high school education or less had lower odds of recent HIV and STI testing; however, victimization and healthcare discrimination were associated with greater odds of recent STI testing. Given the low HIV prevalence, there is a window of opportunity to extinguish the epidemic before it worsens. Non-governmental organizations are indispensable for expanding testing strategies because they can efficiently reach MSM in Tajikistan.
Making sense of Physics in the first year of study
Creators: name: Booth, Shirley
name: Ingerman, Ake
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the question "How do students make sense of Physics from the point of view of constituting physics knowledge?". A phenomenographic study is described as a result of which we present six qualitatively different ways in which students experience the first year of Physics. The variation is analysed in terms of the structure of experience, the nature of knowlege and an ethical aspect related to the identification of authority. Three of these ways of experiencing the first year are considered to be unproductive in terms of making sense of physics, while the other three support, to an increasing degree, the formation of a well-grounded physics knowledge object. Implications for practice are considered.
description: 11 pages
Running Backwards: Consequences of Current HIV Incidence Rates for the Next Generation of Black MSM in the United States
Creators: name: Mills, T.C.
name: Matthews, D.D.
name: Stall, R.D.
name: Eaton, L.A.
name: Coulter, R.W.S.
name: Friedman, M.R.
name: Herrick, A.L.
name: Wilson, P.A.
Publisher: name: Springer New York LLC
Year: 2016

description: Black men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States are disproportionately impacted by HIV. To better understand this public health problem, we reviewed the literature to calculate an estimate of HIV incidence among Black MSM. We used this rate to model HIV prevalence over time within a simulated cohort, which we subsequently compared to prevalence from community-based samples. We searched all databases accessible through PubMed, and Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections abstracts for HIV incidence estimates among Black MSM. Summary HIV incidence rates and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects models. Using the average incidence rate, we modeled HIV prevalence within a simulated cohort of Black MSM (who were all HIV-negative at the start) from ages 18 through 40. Based on five incidence rates totaling 2898 Black MSM, the weighted mean incidence was 4.16 % per year (95 % CI 2.76–5.56). Using this annual incidence rate, our model predicted that 39.94 % of Black MSM within the simulated cohort would be HIV-positive by age 30, and 60.73 % by 40. Projections were similar to HIV prevalence found in community-based samples of Black MSM. High HIV prevalence will persist across the life-course among Black MSM, unless effective prevention and treatment efforts are increased to substantially reduce HIV transmission among this underserved and marginalized population.
Using Unit Testing to Detect Sanitization Flaws
Creators: name: Mohammadi, Mahmoud
name: Chu, Bill
name: Lipford, Heather Richter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Input sanitization mechanisms are widely used to mitigate vulnerabilities to injection attacks such as cross-site scripting. Static analysis tools and techniques commonly used to ensure that applications utilize sanitization functions. Dynamic analysis must be to evaluate the correctness of sanitization functions. The proposed approach is based on unit testing to bring the advantages of both static and dynamic techniques to the development time. Our approach introduces a technique to automatically extract the sanitization functions and then evaluate their effectiveness against attacks using automatically generated attack vectors. The empirical results show that the proposed technique can detect security flaws cannot find by the static analysis tools.
On acoustic cavitation of slightly subcritical bubbles
Creators: name: Harkin, Anthony
name: Nadim, Ali
name: Kaper, Tasso J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The classical Blake threshold indicates the onset of quasistatic evolution leading to cavitation for gas bubbles in liquids. When the mean pressure in the liquid is reduced to a value below the vapor pressure, the Blake analysis identifies a critical radius which separates quasistatically stable bubbles from those which would cavitate. In this work, we analyze the cavitation threshold for radially symmetric bubbles whose radii are slightly less than the Blake critical radius, in the presence of time-periodic acoustic pressure fields. A distinguished limit equation is derived that predicts the threshold for cavitation for a wide range of liquid viscosities and forcing frequencies. This equation also yields frequency-amplitude response curves. Moreover, for fixed liquid viscosity, our study identifies the frequency that yields the minimal forcing amplitude sufficient to initiate cavitation. Numerical simulations of the full Rayleigh-Plesset equation confirm the accuracy of these predictions. Finally, the implications of these findings for acoustic pressure fields that consist of two frequencies will be discussed.
description: 14 pages, Presented at APS/DFD conference in Philadelphia 1998
Universal City-size distributions through rank ordering
Creators: name: Ghosh, Abhik
name: Basu, Banasri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a two-parameter discrete generalized beta (DGB) distribution and propose its universal applications to study the size-distribution of the urban agglomerations across various countries in the world, where the urban agglomerations include the small and mid-sized cities along with the heavily populated cities. Our proposition is validated by an exhaustive study with the 3 decades' census data for India and China and census data of USA for a time window of 8 years. Moreover, we have studied the city size distributions for many different countries, like Brazil, Italy, Sweden, Australia, Uganda etc., from all the continents around the world according to the availability of the data. The detailed analyses exhibit a unique global pattern for the city size distributions, from low to high size, across the world with various geographic and economic conditions. Further analyses based on the entropy of the distribution provide insights on the underlying randomness and spreads of the city sizes within a country. The DGB distribution, a typical rank order (RO) distribution, through its two parameters, not only fits the data on wider range of city sizes better than the well-known power law for all the countries considered, it also helps us to characterize, discriminate and study their evolution over time.
description: To appear in Physica A
Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Transition in Spin-Charge Separated Superconductor
Creators: name: Rodriguez, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model for spin-charge separated superconductivity in two dimensions is introduced where the phases of the spinon and holon order parameters couple gauge-invariantly to a statistical gauge-field representing chiral spin-fluctuations. The model is analyzed in the continuum limit and in the low-temperature limit. In both cases we find that physical electronic phase correlations show a superconducting-normal phase transition of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless type, while statistical gauge-field excitations are found to be strictly gapless. The normal-to-superconductor phase boundary for this model is also obtained as a function of carrier density, where we find that its shape compares favorably with that of the experimentally observed phase diagram for the oxide superconductors.
description: 35 pages, TeX, CSLA-P-93-2
Interference in spin-orbit coupled transverse magnetic focusing; emergent phase due to in-plane magnetic fields
Creators: name: Bladwell, Samuel S. R.
name: Sushkov, Oleg P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-orbit (SO) interactions in two dimensional systems split the Fermi surface, and allow for the spatial separation of spin-states via transverse magnetic focusing (TMF). In this work, we consider the case of combined Rashba and Zeeman interactions, which leads to a Fermi surface without cylindrical symmetry. While the classical trajectories are effectively unchanged, we predict an additional contribution to the phase, linear in the applied in-plane magnetic field. We show that this term is unique to TMF, and vanishes for magnetic (Shubnikov de Haas) oscillations. Finally we propose some experimental signatures of this phase.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
On Mean Field Glassy Dynamics out of Equilibrium
Creators: name: Franz, S.
name: Mézard, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the off equilibrium dynamics of a mean field disordered systems which can be interpreted both as a long range interaction spin glass and as a particle in a random potential. The statics of this problem is well known and exhibits a low temperature spin glass phase with continuous replica symmetry breaking. We study the equations of off equilibrium dynamics with analytical and numerical methods. In the spin glass phase, we find that the usual equilibrium dynamics (observed when the observation time is much smaller than the waiting time) coexists with an aging regime. In this aging regime, we propose a solution implying a hierarchy of crossovers between the observation time and the waiting time.
description: LaTeX, LPTENS preprint 94/05
Spin-Lattice Relaxation in Metal-Organic Platinum(II) Complexes
Creators: name: Homeier, Herbert H. H.
name: Strasser, Johann
name: Yersin, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of spin-lattice relaxation (slr) of metal-organic Pt(II) compounds is studied. Often, such systems are characterized by pronounced zero-field splittings (zfs) of the lowest-lying triplets. Previous expressions for the Orbach slr process do not allow to treat such splitting patterns properly. We discuss the behavior of a modified Orbach expression for a model system and present results of a fit of the temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate of Pt(2-thpy)$_2$ based on the modified expression.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures (made from 4 .eps files), elsart.cls. Using dvips (dvipsk 5.58f), it may be necessary to manually edit the generated file letter.ps to change in the first line from PS-Adobe-2.0 to PS-Adobe-3.0. Chemical Physics Letters, in press
Papilio sinapis Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Papilionidae
Papilio
Papilio sinapis

description: Papilio sinapis [spec. nov.]
P. D. alis integerrimis rotundatis albis immaculatis: apicibus fuscescentibus. Fn. svec. 800.
Habitat in Brassica & affinibus.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 468, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 4: of Organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos intake promotes obesity and insulin resistance through impacting gut and gut microbiota
Creators: name: Liang, Yiran
name: Zhan, Jing
name: Liu, Donghui
name: Luo, Mai
name: Han, Jiajun
name: Liu, Xueke
name: Liu, Chang
name: Cheng, Zheng
name: Zhou, Zhiqiang
name: Wang, Peng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S4. Heatmap showing the abundance of OTUs significantly altered by chlorpyrifos (Pâ <â 0.05), blue and red for underrepresented and overrepresented. (a) C57Bl/6 mice fed with NFD. (b) C57Bl/6 mice fed with HFD. (c) CD-1(ICR) mice fed with NFD. (d) CD-1(ICR) mice fed with HFD. NFD, normal-fat diet; NCPF, normal-fat diet + chlorpyrifos; HFD, high-fat diet; HCPF, high-fat diet + chlorpyrifos. (DOCX 969 kb)
title: ADCO, Sixième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1662), Cart. 30 (G 133), 441 folios, f. 638
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire

description: Sixième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1662), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 30 (G 133), 441 folios, f. 638, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Sixième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1662), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 30 (G 133), 441 folios, f. 638, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
Automatic Web Security Unit Testing: XSS Vulnerability Detection
Creators: name: Mohammadi, Mahmoud
name: Chu, Bill
name: Lipford, Heather Richter
name: Murphy-Hill, Emerson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Integrating security testing into the workflow of software developers not only can save resources for separate security testing but also reduce the cost of fixing security vulnerabilities by detecting them early in the development cycle. We present an automatic testing approach to detect a common type of Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability caused by improper encoding of untrusted data. We automatically extract encoding functions used in a web application to sanitize untrusted inputs and then evaluate their effectiveness by automatically generating XSS attack strings. Our evaluations show that this technique can detect 0-day XSS vulnerabilities that cannot be found by static analysis tools. We will also show that our approach can efficiently cover a common type of XSS vulnerability. This approach can be generalized to test for input validation against other types injections such as command line injection.
Clinical Workflow in Medical Additive Manufacturing
Creators: name: Ludwig, Ina
name: Ernst, Anne
name: Gromzig, Phillip
name: Wolff, Jan
Publisher: name: Transactions on Additive Manufacturing Meets Medicine
Year: 2019

description: Additive Manufacturing allows for the personalized production of medical models, surgical guides and implants. While the potential for AM in medicine is well known, the implementation of AM in clinical settings remains a challenge since it involves multiple independent parties, technologies and software tools. Recent advances in digitalization allow for more cohesive processes in the AM workflow. We review possible workflow implementations involving state-of-the-art printing technologies and materials, highlighting communication and legal issues.
description: Transactions on Additive Manufacturing Meets Medicine, Vol 1 (2019): Trans. AMMM
Assessment of Metallic FDM samples using x-ray diffraction
Creators: name: Aroom, Kevin
name: Zavalij, Peter Y
name: Huang, Huapeng
name: Schultheis, Lex
Publisher: name: Transactions on Additive Manufacturing Meets Medicine
Year: 2019

description: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) characteristics were observed in additively manufactured metallic samples. Sample ‘coupons’ were printed with fused deposition modeling (FDM) systems. The coupons underwent post-processing steps to purge the polymer binder and sinter remaining metal. XRD analysis was performed to measure the crystallographic nature of printed samples at several stages of fabrication. A determination of grain/crystalite size can also be performed on sintered parts using XRD.
description: Transactions on Additive Manufacturing Meets Medicine, Vol 1 (2019): Trans. AMMM
Труды 57-й научной конференции МФТИ
Creators: name: МФТИ
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: МФТИ

description: Труды 57-й научной конференции МФТИ с международным участием, посвященной 120-летию со дня рождения П. Л. Капицы
«Актуальные проблемы фундаментальных и прикладных наук в области физики»
24–29 ноября 2014 года

В архиве содержатся тезисы работ, представленных в виде докладов на конференции студентами, аспирантами и преподавателями кафедр различных факультетов МФТИ.
Finite Size Analysis of the Structure Factors in the Antiferromagnetic XXZ Model
Creators: name: Karbach, M.
name: Mütter, K. -H.
name: Schmidt, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a finite size analysis of the longitudinal and transverse structure factors $S_j(p,γ,N),j=1,3$ in the groundstate of the spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ XXZ model. Comparison with the exact results of Tonegawa for the XX model yields excellent agreement. Comparison with the conjecture of Müller, Thomas, Puga and Beck reveals discrepancies in the momentum dependence of the longitudinal structure factors.
description: 9 pages RevTex 3.0 and 17 figures as uuencoded file
title: 01_2246
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/