cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Gaia-ESO Survey: Lithium measurements and new curves of growth
Creators: name: Franciosini, E.
name: Randich, S.
name: de Laverny, P.
name: Biazzo, K.
name: Feuillet, D. K.
name: Frasca, A.
name: Lind, K.
name: Prisinzano, L.
name: Tautvaišienė, G.
name: Lanzafame, A. C.
name: Smiljanic, R.
name: Gonneau, A.
name: Magrini, L.
name: Pancino, E.
name: Guiglion, G.
name: Sacco, G. G.
name: Sanna, N.
name: Gilmore, G.
name: Bonifacio, P.
name: Jeffries, R. D.
name: Micela, G.
name: Prusti, T.
name: Alfaro, E. J.
name: Bensby, T.
name: Bragaglia, A.
name: François, P.
name: Korn, A. J.
name: Van Eck, S.
name: Bayo, A.
name: Bergemann, M.
name: Carraro, G.
name: Heiter, U.
name: Hourihane, A.
name: Jofré, P.
name: Lewis, J.
name: Martayan, C.
name: Monaco, L.
name: Morbidelli, L.
name: Worley, C. C.
name: Zaggia, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Gaia-ESO Survey (GES) is a large public spectroscopic survey that was carried out using the multi-object FLAMES spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope. The survey provides accurate radial velocities, stellar parameters, and elemental abundances for ~115,000 stars in all Milky Way components. In this paper we describe the method adopted in the final data release to derive lithium equivalent widths (EWs) and abundances. Lithium EWs were measured using two different approaches for FGK and M-type stars, to account for the intrinsic differences in the spectra. For FGK stars, we fitted the lithium line using Gaussian components, while direct integration over a predefined interval was adopted for M-type stars. Care was taken to ensure continuity between the two regimes. Abundances were derived using a new set of homogeneous curves of growth that were derived specifically for GES, and which were measured on a synthetic spectral grid consistently with the way the EWs were measured. The derived abundances were validated by comparison with those measured by other analysis groups using different methods. Lithium EWs were measured for ~40,000 stars, and abundances could be derived for ~38,000 of them. The vast majority of the measures (80%) have been obtained for stars in open cluster fields. The remaining objects are stars in globular clusters, or field stars in the Milky Way disc, bulge, and halo. The GES dataset of homogeneous lithium abundances described here will be valuable for our understanding of several processes, from stellar evolution and internal mixing in stars at different evolutionary stages to Galactic evolution.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures. Accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics
The Problem of Marginality in Model Reductions of Turbulence
Creators: name: Gillot, C.
name: Dif-Pradalier, G.
name: Sarazin, Y.
name: Bourdelle, C.
name: Camenen, Y.
name: Citrin, J.
name: Garbet, X.
name: Ghendrih, Ph.
name: Grandgirard, V.
name: Manas, P.
name: Widmer, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reduced quasilinear (QL) and nonlinear (gradient-driven) models with scale separations, commonly used to interpret experiments and to forecast turbulent transport levels in magnetised plasmas are tested against nonlinear models without scale separations (flux-driven). Two distinct regimes of turbulence -- either far above threshold or near marginal stability -- are investigated with Boltzmann electrons. The success of reduced models especially hinges on the reproduction of nonlinear fluxes. Good agreement between models is found above threshold whilst reduced models would significantly underpredict fluxes near marginality, overlooking mesoscale flow organisation and turbulence self-advection. Constructive prescriptions whereby to improve reduced models is discussed.
Extreme-Point Symmetric Mode Decomposition Method for Data Analysis
Creators: name: Wang, Jin-Liang
name: Li, Zong-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition (ESMD) method is proposed to improve the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) through the following prospects: (1) The sifting process is implemented by the aid of 1, 2, 3 or more inner interpolating curves, which classifies the methods into ESMD_I, ESMD_II, ESMD_III, and so on; (2) The last residual is defined as an optimal curve possessing a certain number of extreme points, instead of general trend with at most one extreme point, which allows the optimal sifting times and decompositions; (3) The extreme-point symmetry is applied instead of the envelop symmetry; (4) The data-based direct interpolating approach is developed to compute the instantaneous frequency and amplitude. One advantage of the ESMD method is to determine an optimal global mean curve in an adaptive way which is better than the common least-square method and running-mean approach; another one is to determine the instantaneous frequency and amplitude in a direct way which is better than the Hilbert-spectrum method. These will improve the adaptive analysis of the data from atmospheric and oceanic sciences, informatics, economics, ecology, medicine, seismology, and so on.
description: 40 pages, 28 figures
Quantum Back-action Limits in Dispersively Measured Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creators: name: Altuntas, Emine
name: Spielman, Ian B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fundamental tenet of quantum mechanics is that measurements change a system's wavefunction to that most consistent with the measurement outcome, even if no observer is present. Weak measurements produce only limited information about the system, and as a result only minimally change the system's state. Here, we theoretically and experimentally characterize quantum back-action in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates interacting with a far-from resonant laser beam. We theoretically describe this process using a quantum trajectories approach where the environment measures the scattered light and present a measurement model based on an ideal photodetection mechanism. We experimentally quantify the resulting wavefunction change in terms of the contrast of a Ramsey interferometer and control parasitic effects associated with the measurement process. The observed back-action is in good agreement with our measurement model; this result is a necessary precursor for achieving true quantum back-action limited measurements of quantum gases.
description: 15 pages including the SI; 5 figures plus 2 figures in the SI
Hellmut Flashar: Inszenierung der Antike. Das griechische Drama auf der Bühne. 2., überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage
Creators: name: Zimmermann, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Forum Classicum
Year: 2017

description: Rezension zu: Hellmut Flashar: Inszenierung der Antike. Das griechische Drama auf der Bühne. 2., überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. C. H. Beck: München 2009, 428 S. (ISBN 978 3 406 58409 1).
description: Forum Classicum, Nr. 1 (2010): Forum Classicum
Muons in the aftermath of neutron star mergers and their impact on trapped neutrinos
Creators: name: Loffredo, Eleonora
name: Perego, Albino
name: Logoteta, Domenico
name: Branchesi, Marica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the upcoming years, present and next-generation gravitational wave observatories will detect a larger number of binary neutron star (BNS) mergers with increasing accuracy. In this context, improving BNS merger numerical simulations is crucial to correctly interpret the data and constrain the equation of state (EOS) of neutron stars (NSs). State-of-the-art simulations of BNS mergers do not include muons. However, muons are known to be relevant in the microphysics of cold NSs and are expected to have a significant role in mergers, where the typical thermodynamic conditions favour their production. Our work is aimed at investigating the impact of muons on the merger remnant. We post-process the outcome of four numerical relativity simulations of BNS mergers performed with three different baryonic EOSs and two mass ratios considering the first $15$ milliseconds after merger. We compute the abundance of muons in the remnant and analyse how muons affect the trapped neutrino component and the fluid pressure. We find that depending on the baryonic EOS, the net fraction of muons is between $30 \%$ and $70 \%$ the net fraction of electrons. Muons change the flavour hierarchy of trapped (anti-)neutrinos such that deep inside the remnant, muon anti-neutrinos are the most abundant, followed by electron anti-neutrinos. Finally, muons and trapped neutrinos modify the neutron-to-proton ratio, affecting the remnant pressure by up to $7\%$ when compared with calculations neglecting them. This work demonstrates that muons have a non-negligible effect on the outcome of BNS merger simulations, and they should be included to improve the accuracy of a simulation.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures
MUSE crowded field 3D spectroscopy in NGC 300 III. Characterizing extremely faint HII regions and diffuse ionized gas
Creators: name: Micheva, Genoveva
name: Roth, Martin M.
name: Weilbacher, Peter M.
name: Morisset, Christophe
name: Castro, N.
name: Ibero, A. Monreal
name: Soemitro, Azlizan A.
name: Maseda, Michael V.
name: Steinmetz, Matthias
name: Brinchmann, Jarle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are known differences between the physical properties of HII and diffuse ionized gas (DIG), but most of the studied regions in the literature are relatively bright. We compiled a faint sample of 390 HII regions with median $\log_{10}Hα$=34.7 in the spiral galaxy NGC300, derived their physical properties in terms of metallicity, density, extinction, and kinematics, and performed a comparative analysis of the properties of the DIG. We used MUSE data of nine fields in NGC300, covering a galactocentric distance of zero to ~450 arcsec (~4 projected kpc), including spiral arm and inter-arm regions. We binned the data in dendrogram leaves and extracted all strong nebular emission lines. We identified HII and DIG regions and compared their electron densities, metallicity, extinction, and kinematic properties. We also tested the effectiveness of unsupervised machine-learning algorithms in distinguishing between the HII and DIG regions. The gas density in the HII and DIG regions is close to the low-density limit in all fields. The average velocity dispersion in the DIG is higher than in the HII regions, which can be explained by the DIG being 1.8 kK hotter than HII gas. The DIG manifests a lower ionization parameter than HII gas, and the DIG fractions vary between 15-77%, with strong evidence of a contribution by hot low-mass evolved stars and shocks to the DIG ionization. Most of the DIG is consistent with no extinction and an oxygen metallicity that is indistinguishable from that of the HII gas.We observe a flat metallicity profile in the central region, without a sign of a gradient. The differences between extremely faint HII and DIG regions follow the same trends and correlations as their much brighter cousins. HII and DIG are so heterogeneous, however, that the differences within each class are larger than the differences between the two classes.
description: Accepted in A&A
Understanding Flow Dynamics in Membrane Distillation: Effects of Reactor Design on Polarization
Creators: name: Yao, Yinuo
name: Yu, Siqin
name: Battiato, Ilenia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optimization and design of full-scale membrane distillation (MD) systems usually require Sherwood and Nusselt correlations that are developed from lab-scale systems. However, entrance effects in lab-scale systems can significantly impact heat, mass and momentum transfer in the reactor, therefore affect the accuracy of the developed experimental Sherwood and Nusselt correlations. Here, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations using OpenFOAM are performed to understand the effects of right-angled bends and inlet design on flow dynamics, temperature and concentration polarization in MD systems. Simulation results show that the presence of right-angled bends and inlets with sudden expansions lead to the formation of Dean vortices. Dean vortices enhance perpendicular mixing in MD systems and reduce both temperature and concentration polarization. Temperature and concentration polarization coefficients in MD systems with right-angled bends and inlets with sudden expansions vary significantly for the same volumetric flow rate. Our studies show that lab-scale systems with the same volumetric flow rate but different designs lead to significantly different Nusselt and Sherwood correlations. This study demonstrates the importance of CFD-informed design of lab-scale systems to minimize entrance effects and suppress Dean vortices for consistent model development and calibration across multiple scales.
description: 53 pages, 15 figures
Additional file 1 of Distribution of Plasmodium falciparum K13 gene polymorphisms across transmission settings in Ghana
Creators: name: Dieng, Cheikh Cambel
name: Morrison, Victoria
name: Donu, Dickson
name: Cui, Liwang
name: Amoah, Linda
name: Afrane, Yaw
name: Lo, Eugenia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
title: Εφαρμογή και σύγκριση μοντέλων πρόγνωσης ρυθμού προχώρησης ανιούσας σήραγγας σε ετερογενείς βραχόμαζες με TBM διπλής ασπίδας

Creators: name: Γιαλυτη Ερμιονη
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2016

description: Για την πρόβλεψη του ρυθμού διάτρησης και προχώρησης μηχανημάτων ολομέτωπης κοπής (Tunnel Boring Machine,ΤΒΜ) κατά την όρυξη σηράγγων σε σκληρά πετρώματα έχουν καταρτιστεί αρκετά (περίπου 20) μοντέλα, τα παλαιότερα από τα οποία (μέσα δεκαετίας 80) είναι ημι-εμπειρικά και προκύπτουν από εργαστηριακές δοκιμές γραμμικής κοπής και τυποποιημένες εργαστηριακές δοκιμές μηχανικής των πετρωμάτων. Τα πιο πρόσφατα μοντέλα, αναπτύχθηκαν με βάση πραγματικά δεδομένα υπαίθρου από διαφορετικές γεωλογικές συνθήκες, μετά από στατιστική επεξεργασία ανάδρομης ανάλυσης, ρεαλιστικών τιμών γεωλογικών παραμέτρων, σε συνδυασμό με τα εκάστοτε λειτουργικά χαρακτηριστικά ΤΒΜ και εμπειρικά συστήματα ταξινόμησης βραχομάζας. Οι πιο συχνές παράμετροι που προσμετρώνται είναι: η αντοχή σε μονοαξονική θλίψη του άρρηκτου βράχου, η απόσταση και ο προσανατολισμός των ασυνεχειών, η ονομαστική τιμή ώθησης ανά κοπτικό δίσκο , η διάμετρος του TBM και η απόσταση των κοπτικών .  Στο πρώτο τμήμα της παρούσας εργασίας γίνεται συνοπτική περιγραφή των μοντέλων που χρησιμοποιούνται σε σκληρά πετρώματα, προσδιορίζοντας τις κύριες παραμέτρους στις οποίες βασίστηκαν, καθώς και κάποια ενδεικτικά παραδείγματα εφαρμογής: Ν.Barton (Qtbm), Norwegian Institute (NTNU), Colorado School of Mines (CSM), και το μοντέλο Οριακής Ανάλυσης (TUC, Exadaktylos et al., 2015-2016). Στο δεύτερο τμήμα παρουσιάζονται οι γεωλογικές συνθήκες, οι τεχνικές προδιαγραφές του ΤΒΜ της σήραγγας Αποσελέμη, και τα στοιχεία που κατεγράφησαν κατά τη διάνοιξή της έως σήμερα. Κατόπιν παρουσιάζεαι η μέθοδος της συγκριτικής εφαρμογής των 4 μοντέλων για την πρόβλεψη του ρυθμού διάτρησης και προχώρησης της. Η πρωτοτυπία της παρούσης εργασίας είναι ότι η μέθοδος σύγκρισης των διαφορετικών μοντέλων πρόγνωσης διαμορφώθηκε κατά τέτοιο τρόπο που να λαμβάνει υπόψιν τα διακριτά νέα δεδομένα: (α) ότι το TBM είναι διπλής ασπίδας, (β) ότι η σήραγγα διανοίγεται κατά την ανιούσα φορά, και (γ) δυνατότητα συσχετισμού με τις πραγματικές τιμές, και ταυτόχρονης αναπροσαρμογής του μοντέλου, με καθημερινή παρακολούθηση της διάνοιξης των πρώτων 550 m  της σήραγγας.
title: Εισαγωγή και ανάλυση δεδομένων φυσικών-μηχανικών-τεχνικών ιδιοτήτων μαρμάρων με τη βοήθεια ειδικής σχεσιακής βάσης δεδομένων
Creators: name: Παπας Κωστας
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2016

description: Up-to-now there exists no self-contained and easily accessible database of the physical-mechanical-technical properties of Greek marbles and other types of decorative stones. It is noted that the exploitation of marbles and granites is differentiated to that of metallic and industrial minerals, by their many commercial qualities with respect to their aesthetical, textural characteristics and the geometry of the semi-final and final commercial products, i.e. dimensions of blocks, slabs and tiles. These unique characteristics make very difficult the easy access to relevant data from the people interested in these decorative and structural materials, like architects and civil engineers, potential buyers and owners of marble processing plants. Aiming at collecting and then processing this data referring to the Greek marble industry we have used as a tool StremaDB that is a web-driven and relational database of many types of structural materials which has been created and operated by the Mine Design Lab. In the present work after presenting the Greek Marble Sector, and the relevant properties of marbles we focus on the insertion of data referring to the marbles produced in the East Macedonia. Finally, we present the manner of extraction of this data by setting various criteria like origin, coloration etc. from the database and propose ways to improve it
Optimal Kullback-Leibler Aggregation via Information Bottleneck
Creators: name: Geiger, Bernhard C.
name: Petrov, Tatjana
name: Kubin, Gernot
name: Koeppl, Heinz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present a method for reducing a regular, discrete-time Markov chain (DTMC) to another DTMC with a given, typically much smaller number of states. The cost of reduction is defined as the Kullback-Leibler divergence rate between a projection of the original process through a partition function and a DTMC on the correspondingly partitioned state space. Finding the reduced model with minimal cost is computationally expensive, as it requires an exhaustive search among all state space partitions, and an exact evaluation of the reduction cost for each candidate partition. Our approach deals with the latter problem by minimizing an upper bound on the reduction cost instead of minimizing the exact cost; The proposed upper bound is easy to compute and it is tight if the original chain is lumpable with respect to the partition. Then, we express the problem in the form of information bottleneck optimization, and propose using the agglomerative information bottleneck algorithm for searching a sub-optimal partition greedily, rather than exhaustively. The theory is illustrated with examples and one application scenario in the context of modeling bio-molecular interactions.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
WER IST WER? DAS DEUTSCHE WHOS WHO. XLVIII 2009/2010. Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Creators: name: Werner, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Forum Classicum
Year: 2017

description: Rezension zu: WER IST WER? DAS DEUTSCHE WHOS WHO. XLVIII 2009/2010 Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Lübeck 2009: Schmidt/Römhild. 1432 S.
description: Forum Classicum, Nr. 1 (2010): Forum Classicum
title: Design of oil, gas and mud pumps during well drilling and reservoir production
Creators: name: Μιχαλογιαννακη Μαρια
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2016

description: Pumps are of high importance in all sectors of oil and gas industry. Starting from the first stages in the development of a field, the lack of pumps would make the drilling process impossible as they are used to circulate drilling mud so as to keep the formation fluids under control, bring the cutting to the surface and cool the drilling bit. During production pumps are useful when artificial lift is needed. There is a variety of pumps to choose from depending on the specific characteristics of each reservoir fluid and oil filed. There are pumps that fit better for onshore or for offshore use varying from big heavy installations to light delicate super-tech devices. Pumps may be used to produce at the surface various fluid rates. The variety of the produced reservoir fluid properties and conditions lead to a variety of pumps capable of lifting viscous fluid, rich in solid or gas content, higher temperature fluids etc. Combinations of pumps developed and new hybrid pumps, designed to meet the upcoming needs of oil and gas industry, are also available in the market. Pumps are also present in fracturing operations where they provide the huge hydraulic power necessary at surface to fracture the rock segment. Last but not least important use is the products transfer of the separated and treated fluids from the surface to the final sales point.
Duden. Wirtschaft. Grundlagenwissen, 4., aktualisierte Auflage
Creators: name: Werner, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Forum Classicum
Year: 2017

description: Rezension zu: Duden. Wirtschaft. Grundlagenwissen, 4., aktualisierte Auflage. Mannheim usw. 2010: Dudenverlag.
description: Forum Classicum, Nr. 1 (2010): Forum Classicum
Espresso observations of HE 0107$-$5240 and other CEMP-no stars with $\rm [Fe/H]\le -4.5$
Creators: name: Aguado, D.
name: Molaro, P.
name: Caffau, E.
name: Hernández, J. I. González
name: Osorio, M. Zapatero
name: Bonifacio, P.
name: Prieto, C. Allende
name: Rebolo, R.
name: Damasso, M.
name: Mascareño, A. Suárez
name: Howell, S. B.
name: Furlan, E.
name: Cristiani, S.
name: Cupani, G.
name: Di Marcantonio, P.
name: D'Odorico, V.
name: Lovis, C.
name: Martins, C. J. A. P.
name: Milakovic, D.
name: Murphy, M. T.
name: Nunes, N. J.
name: Pepe, F.
name: Santos, N. C.
name: Schmidt, T. M.
name: Sozzetti, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HE 0107$-$5240 is a hyper metal-poor star with $\rm [Fe/H]=-5.39$. We performed high-res observations with the ESPRESSO spectrograph at the VLT to constrain the kinematical properties of the binary system HE 0107$-$5240 and to probe the binarity of the sample of 8 most metal-poor stars with $\rm [Fe/H]<-4.5$. Radial velocities are obtained by using cross-correlation in the interval 4200$-$4315A, which contains the strong CH band, against a template in an iterative process. A Bayesian method is applied to calculate the orbit by using the ESPRESSO measurements and others from the literature. A chemical analysis has also been performed in HE0107$-$5240 by means of spectral synthesis. Observations of HE 0107$-$5240 spanning more than 3 years show a monotonic decreasing trend in radial velocity at a rate of approximately by 0.5 ms$^{-1}$d$^{-1}$. The period is constrained at $P_{\rm orb} = 13009_{-1370}^{+1496}$d. New more stringent upper-limits have been found for several elements: a)[Sr/Fe] and [Ba/Fe] are lower than $-0.76$ and $+0.2$ respectively, confirming the star is a CEMP-no; b)$A(Li)< 0.5$ is well below the plateau at $A(Li)=1.1$ found in the Lower Red Giant Branch stars, suggesting Li was originally depleted; and c)the isotopic ratio $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C is 87$\pm6$ showing very low $^{13}$C in contrast to what expected from a spinstar progenitor. We confirm that HE 0107$-$5240 is a binary star with a long period of about 13000d ($\sim36$ years).The carbon isotopic ratio excludes the possibility that the companion has gone through the AGB phase and transferred mass to the currently observed star. The binarity of HE 0107$-$5240 implies some of the first generations of low-mass stars form in multiple systems and indicates that the low metallicity does not preclude the formation of binaries. Finally, a solid indication of $v_{ rad}$ variation has been found also in SMSS 1605$-$1443.
description: 15 pages, 7 Figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
The Constitutionality of Algorithmic Decision Systems Output in Light of the Probable Cause Requirement of the Fourth Amendment
Creators: name: Strahm, Lacey
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Computer algorithms
Constitutional law
Searches and seizures
Artificial intelligence
Machine learning
Discrimination

description: I contend that Algorithmic Decision Systems (ADS) output cannot meet the explainability standard required to establish probable cause in legal proceedings, and thus should not be a viable option in the courtroom. ADS provide black and white answers to color-filled questions with no explanation as to how they arrived at their conclusion. In the event the system does produce some form of an explanation, the explanations are often unintelligible to humans because the machine's infrastructure is not designed to justify its work. ADS have no mechanism to interpret and understand the cause of a situation nor explain how it arrived at its decision output. Therefore, a legal claim established from ADS does not meet the standard necessary for establishing probable cause under the Fourth Amendment. ADS cannot provide enough reliable evidence to justify the output and thus could not meet the explainability requirement needed for a search warrant.
Search for a Black Hole Binary in Gaia DR3 Astrometric Binary Stars with Spectroscopic Data
Creators: name: Tanikawa, Ataru
name: Hattori, Kohei
name: Kawanaka, Norita
name: Kinugawa, Tomoya
name: Shikauchi, Minori
name: Tsuna, Daichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a candidate binary system consisting of a black hole (BH) and a red giant branch star from the Gaia DR3. This binary system is discovered from 64108 binary solutions for which both astrometric and spectroscopic data are available. For this system, the astrometric and spectroscopic solutions are consistent with each other, making this system a confident candidate of a BH binary. The primary (visible) star in this system, Gaia DR3 5870569352746779008, is a red giant branch whose mass is quite uncertain. Fortunately, albeit the uncertainty of the primary's mass, we can estimate the mass of the secondary (dark) object in this system to be $>5.68$ $M_\odot$ with a probability of $99$ \%, based on the orbital parameters. The mass of the secondary object is much larger than the maximum neutron star mass ($\sim 2.0$ $M_\odot$), which indicates that the secondary object is likely a BH. We argue that, if this dark object is not a BH, this system must be a more exotic system, in which the primary red giant branch star orbits around a quadruple star system (or a higher-order multiple star system) whose total mass is more than $5.68$ $M_\odot$. If this is a genuine BH binary, this has the longest period ($1352.22 \pm 45.81$ days) among discovered so far. As our conclusion entirely relies on the Gaia DR3 data, independent confirmation with follow-up observations (e.g. long-term spectra) is desired.
description: 16 pages, 9 figure, 2 tables. ApJ accepted
On the uniqueness of the equation for state-vector collapse
Creators: name: Bassi, A.
name: Duerr, D.
name: Hinrichs, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The linearity of quantum mechanics leads, under the assumption that the wave function offers a complete description of reality, to grotesque situations famously known as Schroedinger's cat. Ways out are either adding elements of reality or replacing the linear evolution by a nonlinear one. Models of spontaneous wave function collapses took the latter path. The way such models are constructed leaves the question, whether such models are in some sense unique, i.e. whether the nonlinear equations replacing Schroedinger's equation, are uniquely determined as collapse equations. Various people worked on identifying the class of nonlinear modifications of the Schroedinger equation, compatible with general physical requirements. Here we identify the most general class of continuous wavefunction evolutions under the assumption of no-faster-than-light signalling.
description: 7 pages, LaTeX. Major changes performed
Linearised Higher Variational Equations
Creators: name: Simon, Sergi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37K10, 32S40, 34M35, 12H05, 70H06, 15A69, 11B99, 85A40

description: This work explores the tensor and combinatorial constructs underlying the linearised higher-order variational equations of a generic autonomous system along a particular solution. The main result of this paper is a compact yet explicit and computationally amenable form for said variational systems and their monodromy matrices. Alternatively, the same methods are useful to retrieve, and sometimes simplify, systems satisfied by the coefficients of the Taylor expansion of a formal first integral for a given dynamical system. This is done in preparation for further results within Ziglin-Morales-Ramis theory, specifically those of a constructive nature.
description: Minor changes with respect to previous version
title: Исследование системы термостабилизации накачки лазера
Creators: name: Лысенко, Олег
name: Бичурин, Мирза
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2022

description: Приведено теоретическое обоснование необходимости термостабилизации лазерных диодов, представляющих собой систему накачки твердотельного лазера. Представлена тепловая модель системы термостабилизации диодных линеек накачки лазера. Выполнено исследование работы системы термостабилизации с представленным лазером в диапазоне температур окружающей среды от 218,2 до 333,2 К и получена зависимость температуры диодных линеек накачки от температуры окружающей среды. Изучены предельные характеристики системы термостабилизации в диапазоне температур окружающей среды от 218,2 до 333,2 К, получена зависимость максимальной допустимой мощности тепловыделения в системе накачки от температуры окружающей среды. Предложены и исследованы возможные варианты улучшения характеристик системы термостабилизации: увеличение производительности насоса, изменение площади внутренней поверхности теплообменника, замена элементов Пельтье на более холодопроизводительные.
Exact solutions for vector phase matching conditions in nonlinear uniaxial crystals
Creators: name: Lopez-Duran, Juan
name: Rosas-Ortiz, Oscar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strongly transcendental equations of vector phase matching are transformed into a fourth order polynomial equation that admits analytical solution. The real roots of this equation provide the optical axis orientations that are useful for efficient down-conversion in nonlinear uniaxial crystals. The production of entangled photon pairs is discussed in both collinear and non-collinear configurations of the spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) process. Degenerate and non-degenerate cases are also distinguished. As a practical example, SPDC processes of type-I and type-II are studied for beta-barium-borate (BBO) crystals. The predictions are in very good agreement with experimental measurements already reported in the literature, and include theoretical results of other authors as particular cases. Some properties that seem to be exclusive to BBO crystals are reported, the experimental verification of the latter would allow a better characterization of these crystals.
description: 35 pages, 14 figures, LaTex source file
Switching between topological edge states in plasmonic systems using phase-change materials
Creators: name: Huang, Yin
name: Shen, Yuecheng
name: Veronis, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce non-Hermitian plasmonic waveguide-cavity structures based on the Aubry-Andre-Harper model to realize switching between right and left topological edge states (TESs) using the phase-change material Ge$_2$Sb$_2$Te$_5$ (GST). We show that switching between the crystalline and amorphous phases of GST leads to a shift of the dispersion relation of the optimized structure so that a right TES for the crystalline phase, and a left TES for the amorphous phase occur at the same frequency. Thus, we realize switching between right and left TESs at that frequency by switching between the crystalline and amorphous phases of GST. Our results could be potentially important for developing compact reconfigurable topological photonic devices.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2110.04709
Appearance of vortices and monopoles in a decomposition of an SU(2) Yang-Mills field
Creators: name: Mohamadnejad, Ahmad
name: Deldar, Sedigheh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how vortices can appear in the low energy limit of a pure SU(2) Yang-Mills theory as topological solitons. Motivated by Abelian dominance, we suppose that in the infrared regime of the SU(2) Yang-Mills theory, the field strength tensor can be obtained by multiplying two parts: $ G_{μν} $ and $ \textbf{n} $ such that $ \textbf{G}_{μν}=G_{μν} \textbf{n} $. The first part, $ G_{μν} $, is a space-time tensor and the second part, $ \textbf{n} $, is an isotriplet unit vector field which gives the Abelian direction at each space-time point. This leads to a decomposition for the SU(2) Yang-Mills field in the infrared regime. We show that vortices as well as monopoles can appear as a result of this decomposition where we have started with a pure Yang-Mills theory and we have ended up with a theory with an Abelian gauge field coupled to a scalar field. The effect of this scalar field on monopoles is also discussed.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures, Version accepted for publication in PTEP
A Uranian Trojan and the frequency of temporary giant-planet co-orbitals
Creators: name: Alexandersen, Mike
name: Gladman, Brett
name: Greenstreet, Sarah
name: Kavelaars, JJ
name: Petit, Jean-Marc
name: Gwyn, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Trojan objects share a planet's orbit, never straying far from the triangular Lagrangian points, 60 degrees ahead of (L4) or behind (L5) the planet. We report the detection of a Uranian Trojan; in our numerical integrations, 2011 QF99 oscillates around the Uranian L4 Lagrange point for >70 kyr and remains co-orbital for ~1 Myr before becoming a Centaur. We constructed a Centaur model, supplied from the transneptunian region, to estimate temporary co-orbital capture frequency and duration (to factor of two accuracy), finding that at any time 0.4% and 2.8% of the population will be Uranian and Neptunian co-orbitals, respectively. The co-orbital fraction (~2.4%) among Centaurs in the IAU Minor Planet Centre database is thus as expected under transneptunian supply.
description: 6 pages main text, 4 pages references, 3 pages of figures for main text. 16 pages of supplementary material including 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Trust in pharmaceuticals and vaccine hesitancy: exploring factors influencing COVID-19 immunization among Lebanese children aged 1 to 11 years
Creators: name: Feghaly, Emilie
name: Hanna, Venise
name: Mohamad, Nagham Karh
name: Assaf, Mohamad Ali
name: Sebastian, Juny
name: El Khatib, Sami
name: Karam, Rita
name: Zeitoun, Abeer
name: Berry, Atika
name: Samaha, Hajar
name: Shouman, Marwa
name: Obeid, Sahar
name: Hallit, Souheil
name: Malaeb, Diana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Payment of egg donors in stem cell research in the USA
Creators: name: Klitzman, Robert L.
name: Sauer, Mark V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Embryonic stem cells--Research
Human reproductive technology
Bioethics

description: Arguments have been put forth as to whether women who donate oocytes for human embryonic stem cell (HESC) research should be compensated, but data regarding this issue have been scant. Recently in the United States, several States have begun funding HESC research, and patient recruitment efforts have begun. This paper lays out relevant arguments and presents data concerning this issue. Researchers are finding that women are unwilling to donate eggs altruistically, which is hampering the progress of research. These efforts are examined, and data on potential donors’ views are presented. The absence of payment, rather than ethical concerns, appears to explain opposition to donation. Women also appear generally ignorant of policies in this area. It is suggested that policy discussions shift focus from whether to pay, to how much would be appropriate, and how to decide; and that research and public and professional education be increased to heighten understanding and awareness of these issues.
Patterns of Communication Between Gay and Lesbian Patients and Their Health Care Providers
Creators: name: Klitzman, Robert L.
name: Greenberg, Jason D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Physician and patient
Gays--Medical care
Lesbians--Medical care
Self-disclosure--Health aspects

description: Objectives: To determine whether gay men and lesbians disclose their sexual orientation, and other sensitive behaviors to their primary care physicians; whether they have a chance of finding a gay friendly physician; and what factors are involved. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was administered to 66 gay men and 28 lesbians at a gay and lesbian community center. Results: Less than half of participants felt their health insurance plan gave them a choice of finding a lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) doctor. Those who did were more likely to be older, male, and to feel more comfortable discussing sex. Men were more likely to disclose their sexual orientation to their health care provider (HCP), to feel very comfortable discussing sex, to have a male doctor, to have a choice of finding a LGB provider through their insurance plan, and to think their provider is LGB. Those who disclosed their sexual orientation to their providers were more likely to be white males with male doctors, who felt their doctor was very gay friendly, and to have also discussed substance use, sexual behavior, and HIV with their HCP, and to feel comfortable discussing sex. Discussion: Lesbians in particular have difficulty disclosing their sexual orientation to providers, possibly due to continuing stigma, and to have less of a choice of finding a gay or lesbian provider. The data suggest that health insurance plans should provide patients with the opportunity to find gay friendly physicians, as it may facilitate communication about substance use, high risk sexual behavior and other health topics.
On the Higgs spectra of the 3-3-1 model
Creators: name: Pinheiro, Joao Paulo
name: Pires, C. A. de S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The minimal scalar sector of the 3-3-1 model is composed by the SU(3)$_L$ triplet scalars $η$, $ρ$, $χ$ and its potential allows the trilinear term $\frac{f}{\sqrt{2}}χηρ$. Since $f$ is an energy scale associated to the explicit violation of Peccei-Quinn global symmetry, it is natural to consider in what energy scale such symmetry is broken and its consequences in the spectrum of scalars of the model. here, We show that $f$ determines the spectrum of scalars of the model. Hence, we develop the scalar sector considering $f$ belonging to four energy regimes, namely $f \ll \langle η\rangle_0$, $\langle ρ\rangle_0$; $f= \langle η\rangle_0$, $\langle ρ\rangle_0$; $f=\langle χ\rangle_0$ and $f \gg \langle χ\rangle_0$ and obtain the spectrum of scalars for each case. In the first and second cases the spectrum of scalars presents a set of new scalars belonging to the electroweak scale, while in the third case all new scalars belong to the 3-3-1 scale and the fourth case all the new scalars have masses lying at $f$ scale. All cases have a neutral CP-even scalar mimicking the standard Higgs.
Aligned Fields Double Copy to Kerr-NUT-(A)dS
Creators: name: Chawla, Samarth
name: Keeler, Cynthia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find Abelian gauge fields that double copy to a large class of black hole spacetimes with spherical horizon topology known as the Kerr-NUT-(A)dS family. Using a multi-Kerr-Schild prescription, we extend the previously-known double copy structure for arbitrarily rotating general dimension black holes, to include NUT charges and an arbitrary cosmological constant. In all cases, these single copy gauge fields are 'aligned fields', because their nonzero components align with the principal tensor which generates the Killing structure of the spacetime. In five dimensions, we additionally derive the same single-copy field strengths via the Weyl double copy procedure.
description: 28 pages. v2: Added missing reference and fixed bibliography formatting
Average Case and Distributional Analysis of Dual-Pivot Quicksort
Creators: name: Wild, Sebastian
name: Nebel, Markus E.
name: Neininger, Ralph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: F.2.2; G.2.1; G.3; F.2.3; D.3.2

description: In 2009, Oracle replaced the long-serving sorting algorithm in its Java 7 runtime library by a new dual-pivot Quicksort variant due to Vladimir Yaroslavskiy. The decision was based on the strikingly good performance of Yaroslavskiy's implementation in running time experiments. At that time, no precise investigations of the algorithm were available to explain its superior performance - on the contrary: Previous theoretical studies of other dual-pivot Quicksort variants even discouraged the use of two pivots. Only in 2012, two of the authors gave an average case analysis of a simplified version of Yaroslavskiy's algorithm, proving that savings in the number of comparisons are possible. However, Yaroslavskiy's algorithm needs more swaps, which renders the analysis inconclusive. To force the issue, we herein extend our analysis to the fully detailed style of Knuth: We determine the exact number of executed Java Bytecode instructions. Surprisingly, Yaroslavskiy's algorithm needs sightly more Bytecode instructions than a simple implementation of classic Quicksort - contradicting observed running times. Like in Oracle's library implementation we incorporate the use of Insertionsort on small subproblems and show that it indeed speeds up Yaroslavskiy's Quicksort in terms of Bytecodes; but even with optimal Insertionsort thresholds the new Quicksort variant needs slightly more Bytecode instructions on average. Finally, we show that the (suitably normalized) costs of Yaroslavskiy's algorithm converge to a random variable whose distribution is characterized by a fixed-point equation. From that, we compute variances of costs and show that for large n, costs are concentrated around their mean.
description: v3 is content-wise identical to TALG version
Initial Coronavirus Disease–2019 Closure Strategies Adopted by a Convenience Sample of US School Districts: Directions for Future Research
Creators: name: Schlegelmilch, Jeffrey
name: Douglas, Claire E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Epidemics
Communicable diseases--Transmission
COVID-19 (Disease)
Emergency management
Schools
Public health

description: School closures are an important strategy to mitigate the impacts of a pandemic. But an optimal approach to transitioning from in-person to distance learning approaches is lacking. We analyzed a convenience sample of public K-12 schools in the early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. This initial snapshot provides some insights to inform future research into the variation of strategies across school districts, and would benefit from more rigorous methods to determine true correlations between demographic and geographic factors. Additionally, many of these strategies have evolved in response to ongoing and prolonged public health social distancing measures implemented after this analysis was conducted.
Refined knot invariants and Hilbert schemes
Creators: name: Gorsky, Eugene
name: Neguţ, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the construction of refined Chern-Simons torus knot invariants by M. Aganagic and S. Shakirov from the DAHA viewpoint of I. Cherednik. We give a proof of Cherednik's conjecture on the stabilization of superpolynomials, and then use the results of O. Schiffmann and E. Vasserot to relate knot invariants to the Hilbert scheme of points on the plane. Then we use the methods of the second author to compute these invariants explicitly in the uncolored case. We also propose a conjecture relating these constructions to the rational Cherednik algebra, as in the work of the first author, A. Oblomkov, J. Rasmussen and V. Shende. Among the combinatorial consequences of this work is a statement of the m/n shuffle conjecture.
description: 31 pages, 4 figures
Feedback arc set problem and NP-hardness of minimum recurrent configuration problem of Chip-firing game on directed graphs
Creators: name: Perrot, Kévin
name: Van Pham, Trung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 68R05, 68Rxx, 90C27, 05C20

description: In this paper we present further studies of recurrent configurations of Chip-firing games on Eulerian directed graphs (simple digraphs), a class on the way from undirected graphs to general directed graphs. A computational problem that arises naturally from this model is to find the minimum number of chips of a recurrent configuration, which we call the minimum recurrent configuration (MINREC) problem. We point out a close relationship between MINREC and the minimum feedback arc set (MINFAS) problem on Eulerian directed graphs, and prove that both problems are NP-hard.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures