cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A more detailed look at Galactic magnetic field models: using free-free absorption in HII regions
Creators: name: Polderman, I. M.
name: Haverkorn, M.
name: Jaffe, T. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed interaction product of Cosmic Rays (CRs) and Galactic magnetic fields (GMF) is the Galactic synchrotron emission integrated over the line-of-sight (LOS). The GMF strength and morphology and the CR density can be probed by comparing this tracer to simulations using existing GMF models and CR density models. Our aim is to provide insight into these parameters by exploring and explaining the differences between simulations and observations of synchrotron intensity. At low radio frequencies HII regions become opaque due to free-free absorption. Using these HII regions we can measure the synchrotron intensity over a part of the LOS through the Galaxy. The measured intensity per unit path length, i.e. the emissitivity, for HII regions at different distances, will allow probing variation in synchrotron emission in the third dimension of distance. Using a number of existing GMF models in conjunction with the Galactic CR modeling code GALPROP we can simulate these synchrotron emissivities. We present an updated catalog of low-frequency absorption measurements of HII regions compiled from the literature. We report a simulated emissivity that shows a compatible trend for HII regions that are near to the observer. And we observe a systematically increasing synchrotron emissivity for HII regions that are far from the observer, which is not compatible with simulated values. Current GMF and CR density models cannot explain low-frequency absorption measurements. One possibility is that distances to all HII regions at the kinematic 'far' distance are wrong, though this is unlikely as it ignores all evidence in the literature. However, a detection bias due to the nature of this tracer requires us to keep in mind that certain sources may be missed in an observation. The other possibilities are an enhanced emissivity in the outer Galaxy or a diminished emissivity in the inner Galaxy.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
An investigation into sustainable artwork for the new SUB
Creators: name: Ghirardello, Stefano
name: Weleski, Dustin
name: Westman, Jan
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The problem that this report seeks to address is the feasibility of installing an art piece in the new Student Union Building (SUB). The goal of the art piece is to promote sustainability within the UBC community and to visitors to the SUB. In making a recommendation, a triple-bottom-line assessment was conducted to determine the potential economic, environment, and social impacts of the art piece. The project began with preliminary research into examples of environmentally themed and sustainably created art, and studies discussing the impact of art on society. The research was exclusively obtained from search engines, both scholarly and non-scholarly. It provided many ideas into possible art piece designs and implementations, but lacked in information about the social, environmental, or economic impacts of the pieces discussed. As a result, a survey was conducted in which the project group solicited opinions from the general public regarding a sustainable art piece in downtown Vancouver. As well, a local artist by the name of Sharon Kallis was contacted for an interview about her work in environmentally themed art, in order to gain more understanding about the economic cost of her works. From the research, survey, and interview, a number of conclusions were drawn. It is strongly recommended that an art piece be installed in the new SUB. It was found that public art display can be an effective means of promoting sustainability. Furthermore, it was concluded that if the UBC waste stream can be used as the sole source of material for the art piece, then the economic cost and negative environmental impacts of the piece can be greatly reduced in scale. In addition, hiring an artist to work with students, within view of the public, provides a low cost solution to creating public interaction with the piece. As a result, the potential for promoting sustainability outweighs the minimal environmental impact and economic cost of such a project. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Dissipative analog of four-dimensional quantum Hall physics
Creators: name: Terrier, Fanny
name: Kunst, Flore K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Four-dimensional quantum Hall (QH) models usually rely on synthetic dimensions for their simulation in experiment. Here, we study a QH system which features a nontrivial configuration of three-dimensional Weyl cones on its boundaries. We propose a three-dimensional analog of this model in the form of a dissipative Weyl semimetal (WSM) described by a non-Hermitian (NH) Hamiltonian, which in the long-time limit manifests the anomalous boundary physics of the four-dimensional QH model in the bulk spectrum. The topology of the NH WSM is captured by a three-dimensional winding number whose value is directly related to the total chirality of the surviving Weyl nodes. Upon taking open boundary conditions, instead of Fermi arcs, we find exceptional points with an order that scales with system size.
Breast Cancer prognosis for young patients
Creators: name: Owrang, Mehdi
name: Copeland, Robert L.
name: Ricks-Santi, Lusiel J.
name: Gaskins, Melvin
name: Beyene, Desta
name: Dewitty, Robert L.
name: Kanaan, Yasmine M.
Publisher: name: In Vivo
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences

description: Background/Aims: Breast cancer (BCa) prognostication is a vital element for providing effective treatment for patients with BCa. Studies suggest that ethnicity plays a greater role in the incidence and poor prognosis of BCa in younger women than in their older counterparts. Therefore, the goal of this study was to assess the association between age and ethnicity on the overall final prognosis. Materials and Methods: Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) was used to analyze BCa prognosis using Howard University Cancer Center Tumor Registry and the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results BCa datasets. Patients were grouped according to their predicted prognosis based on NPI scheme. Results: There was no correlation between the younger patients compared to their older counterparts for any of the prognostic clusters. The significance of ethnicity in poorer prognosis for younger age is not conclusive either. Conclusion: An extended prognostic tool/system needs to be evaluated for its usefulness in a clinical practice environment.
Efficient light coupling between an ultra-low loss lithium niobate waveguide and an adiabatically tapered single mode optical fiber
Creators: name: Yao, Ni
name: Zhou, Junxia
name: Gao, Renhong
name: Lin, Jintian
name: Wang, Min
name: Cheng, Ya
name: Fang, Wei
name: Tong, Limin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A lithium niobate on insulator ridge waveguide allows constructing high-density photonic integrated circuits thanks to its small bending radius offered by the high index contrast. Meanwhile, the significant mode-field mismatch between an optical fiber and the single-mode lithium niobate waveguide leads to low coupling efficiencies. Here, we demonstrate, both numerically and experimentally, that the problem can be solved with a tapered single mode fiber of an optimized mode field profile. Numerical simulation shows that the minimum coupling losses for the TE and TM mode are 0.32 dB and 0.86 dB, respectively. Experimentally, though without anti-reflection coating, the measured coupling losses for TE and TM mode are 1.32 dB and 1.88 dB, respectively. Our technique paves a way for a broad range of on-chip lithium niobate applications.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Lepton Polarization Asymmetry in B\to\ell^{+}\ell^{-} decay Beyond the Standard Model
Creators: name: Bashiry, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lepton polarization asymmetry in the B\to\ell^{+}\ell^{-} decay, when one of the leptons is polarized, is investigated using the most general form of the effective Hamiltonian. The sensitivity of the asymmetry to the new Wilson coefficients is studied.Moreover, correlations between the lepton polarization asymmetry and the branching ratio is studied. It is observed that, there are not exist such regions of new Wilson coefficients, which the value of branching ratio coincides with SM result while the lepton polarization does not, i.e new physics effects can be established by studying lepton polarization only.
description: 9 pages,4 figures
Gravitational spin-orbit coupling through third-subleading post-Newtonian order: from first-order self-force to arbitrary mass ratios
Creators: name: Antonelli, Andrea
name: Kavanagh, Chris
name: Khalil, Mohammed
name: Steinhoff, Jan
name: Vines, Justin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exploiting simple yet remarkable properties of relativistic gravitational scattering, we use first-order self-force (linear-in-mass-ratio) results to obtain arbitrary-mass-ratio results for the complete third-subleading post-Newtonian (4.5PN) corrections to the spin-orbit sector of spinning-binary conservative dynamics, for generic (bound or unbound) orbits and spin orientations. We thereby improve important ingredients of models of gravitational waves from spinning binaries, and we demonstrate the improvement in accuracy by comparing against aligned-spin numerical simulations of binary black holes.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures. v2: matches version accepted in PRL
Mandelic acid catalyzed one-pot three-component synthesis of α-aminonitriles and α-aminophosphonates under solvent-free conditions at room temperature
Creators: name: Kaur, Gurpreet
name: Mussarat Shamim
name: Bhardwaj, Vaishali
name: Gupta, Vivek Kumar
name: Bubun Banerjee
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A simple, mild, straightforward, efficient and eco-friendly protocol has been developed for the synthesis of a series of α-aminonitriles via the one-pot three-component Strecker reactions between various aldehydes, amines and trimethylsilyl cyanide using a catalytic amount of mandelic acid as a naturally occurring, low-cost, efficient organo-catalyst under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. Under the same optimized conditions synthesis of α-aminophosphonates were also achieved via the one-pot three-component Kabachnik-Fields reactions of aldehydes, amines and triethyl phosphate.
On the most metal-poor PN and its binary central star
Creators: name: Napiwotzki, R.
name: Tovmassian, G.
name: Richer, M. G.
name: Stasinska, G.
name: Pena, M.
name: Drechsel, H.
name: Dreizler, S.
name: Rauch, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PN G135.9+55.9 is the most metal-poor PN known in our Galaxy. The central star resides in a short-period binary system with a compact component, probably a white dwarf. We describe new observations, which allowed us to determine the orbital period. The lower limit for the combined mass of both stars is close to the Chandrasekhar limit for white dwarfs, making this binary a possible progenitor of a supernova type Ia. The binary system must have recently emerged from a common envelope phase.
description: Proceedings of the conference "Planetary Nebulae as Astronomical Tools", Gdansk, June/July 2005. To appear in AIP conference series
Tityus bahoruco Teruel et Armas 2006
Creators: name: Teruel, Rolando
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Scorpiones
Buthidae
Tityus
Tityus bahoruco

description: Tityus bahoruco Teruel et Armas, 2006
Figures 2, 6
 Type Data. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Sierra de Bahoruco [Bahoruco Range], Pedernales Province, Pedernales Municipality, Mencía, Río Mulito [= El Mulito, Las Agüitas], 500 m a.s.l., under tree bark, 22/August/1987, A. Abud, L. F. de Armas, ♂ holotype (IES, examined). Sierra de Bahoruco [Bahoruco Range], Pedernales Province, Pedernales Municipality, Las Abejas, 1,290 m a.s.l., inside rotten log, 22/July/1999, M. A. Ivie, ♀ paratype (MSU, examined).
 Remarks. The direct comparison of the types of T. bahoruco to abundant additional specimens of T. crassimanus (the only other member of the "crassimanus" species-group known to occur in this mountain range), revealed that both taxa are conspecific. Both types of the former are just the smallest adults of the latter and the comparison made in the original description was misleading: a reexamination of the two supposedly adult males of T. crassimanus from Fondo Paradí used for comparison by Teruel & Armas (2006), revealed that both are actually very large females. Thus, the following synonymy is herein established: Isometrus crassimanus Thorell, 1876 [currently Tityus crassimanus (Thorell, 1876)] = Tityus bahoruco Teruel et Armas, 2006, new synonym.
 The present study (which included successful captive breeding for several consecutive generations) allowed to define that T. crassimanus is morphologically highly variable, that sexual maturity is attained at very different instars (from nymphs III–VI), and that morphological variation is directly correlated to size, to the point that adults belonging to different size-class can be easily mistaken as distinct species. The expression of sexual dimorphism follows the same rule as in other studied species of the genus, i.e., larger adults are the most strongly dimorphic and smaller ones are the least (Fig. 2).
description: Published as part of Teruel, Rolando, 2017, Some taxonomic corrections to the genus Tityus C. L. Koch, 1836 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in Hispaniola, Greater Antilles, pp. 1-9 in Euscorpius 242 on pages 2-3, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2017.vol2017.iss242.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4673112
Warming and elevated CO2 interactively affect the photosynthetic carbon of maize plant retained in major farming soils
Creators: name: Fang, Rui
name: Yansheng Li
name: Zhenhua Yu
name: Zhihuang Xie
name: Guanghua Wang
name: Xiaobing Liu
name: Junjie Liu
name: Herbert, Stephen J
name: Jin, Jian
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Warming and elevated CO2 (eCO2) may influence the input of photosynthetic carbon (C) into soils and subsequent soil C storage. The biochemical properties vary among soils, which likely act different roles in the fate of photosynthetic C and soil C sequestration in response to warming and eCO2. However, the interactive effects of climate change and soil types on the photosynthetic C retained in soil and relevant mechanisms are poorly understood. We performed a pot experiment in open-top chambers to examine the effects of eCO2 (550 ppm) combined with elevated temperature (eT, 2 °C higher than the air temperature) on the retention of plant-C of maize (Zea mays L.) grown in Phaeozem, Fluvisol, Kastanozem and Acrisol with 13CO2 labeling at the silking stage. The proportion of 13C to the total fixed 13C increased by 44.6%, 96.1% and 41.9% in Phaeozem under eT, eCO2 and eT plus eCO2 treatments compared with control, while decreased in other three soils in response to either eCO2, eT or eT plus eCO2. The effect of climate change on fresh C input in maize cropping soils depended on soil type, and soil net C losses may occur in the Fluvisol, Kastanozem and Acrisol under climate change. Abbreviations: eCO2: elevated CO2, 550ppm; eT: warming; aCO2: ambient CO2, 400ppm; aT: ambient temperature; OTC: open-top chamber; DOC: dissolved organic carbon; SOC: soil organic carbon; C: carbon; S: soil; T: temperature.
The Use of Coleman's Power Indices to Inform the Choice of Voting Rule with Reference to the IMF Governing Body and the EU Council of Ministers
Creators: name: Leech, Dennis
name: Leech, Dennis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Political Economy
Public Economics

description: In his well known 1971 paper the mathematical sociologist James S. Coleman, proposed three measures of voting power: (1) "the power of a collectivity to act", (2) "the power to prevent action" and (3) "the power to initiate action". (1) is a measure of the overall decisiveness of a voting body taking into account its size, decision rule and the weights of its members, while (2) and (3) are separate indices of the power of individual members, in being able to block or achieve decisions. These measures seem to have been little used for a variety of reasons, although the paper itself is widely cited. First, much of the power indices literature has focused on normalised indices which gives no role to (1) and means that (2) and (3) are identical. Second, Coleman's coalition model is different from that of Shapley and Shubik which has sometimes tended to dominate in discussions of voting power. Third, (2) and (3) are indistinguishable when the decision quota is a simple majority, the distinction becoming important in other voting situations. In this paper I propose that these indices, which are based on a fundamentally different notion of power than that assumed by game-theoretic approaches, have a useful role in aiding a better understanding of collective institutions in which decisions are taken by voting. I use them to illustrate different aspects of the design of a weighted voting system such as the governing body of the IMF or World Bank, or the system of QMV in the European Council.
SrCu$_2$(BO$_3$)$_2$ under pressure: a first-principle study
Creators: name: Badrtdinov, Danis I.
name: Tsirlin, Alexander A.
name: Mazurenko, Vladimir V.
name: Mila, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using density-functional theory (DFT) band-structure calculations, we study the crystal structure, the lattice dynamics, and the magnetic interactions in the Shastry-Sutherland magnet SrCu$_2$(BO$_3$)$_2$ under pressure, concentrating on experimentally relevant pressures up to 4 GPa. All tendencies inside the candidate intermediate phases are thoroughly worked out, including specific predictions for some Raman active phonon modes that could be used to pin down the nature of the intermediate phase.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
Interaction of ziziphus mucronata subsp. mucronata methanol extract and first-line antibiotics is synergistic In Vitro through production of reactive oxygen species
Creators: name: Olajuyigbe, Aderonke Ariyike
name: Olajuyigbe, Olufunmiso Olusola
name: Coopoosamy, Roger Murugas
Publisher: name: Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT)
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biochemistry

description: With the increased incidence of antibacterial resistance in microorganisms, combining natural products from plants with antibiotics may be considered interesting alternatives for synergy to attain multitarget effects. In this study, the antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Ziziphus mucronata and its interactions with antibiotics against bacteria of clinical importance were investigated. While its phytochemicals and antioxidant activities were determined by free radical scavenging assays, the anti?bacterial activities of the extract and its interactions with the antibiotics were determined by macrobroth dilution and the checkerboard methods. From the results, total phenolic content was 29.67 ± 1.90 mg GAE/100 g, total flavonoid content was 8.72 ± 0.08 mg QE/100 g, and total proanthocyanidin content was 1.94 ± 0.00 mg CE/100 g of dry plant material. *e inhibition concentration 50% (IC50) of DPPH, BHT, and ascorbic acid was equal to 0.04 ± 0.02 mg/ml, respectively. *ose of the ABTS, BHT, and ascorbic acid were equal to 0.02 ± 0.02, 0.04 ± 0.03, and 0.04 ± 0.02 mg/ml, respectively. *e checkerboard assay showed that combining the extract with different antibiotics resulted in synergistic (38.75%), indifferent (30%), additive (28.75%), and antagonistic (2.5%) interactions. *e interactions between the extract and antibiotics resulting in enhanced antibacterial activities could have resulted from the antioxidant activities of the extract mopping up the ROS generated by the antibiotics or the ability of both extract and antibiotics simultaneously producing reactive oxygen species with deleterious effects resulting in synergistic antibacterial effects.
Contributing factors for career goal advancement of pharmacy learners in the Black, Indigenous, and People of Color community
Creators: name: Grego, Amanda R
name: Morbitzer, Kathryn
name: Eckel, Stephen F
name: Sasser, Caroline W
name: Goli, Swaycha
name: Mortha, Sophia M
name: Moss, Adam
name: Knock, McKenna
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Year: 2024

description:
PURPOSE: To explore factors influencing career goals and goal attainment for pharmacy learners (eg, students, residents, fellows) who identify as part of the Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) community. METHODS: In late 2021 and early 2022, US-based pharmacy learners were invited to participate in two focus groups. In the first focus group, participants were asked to reflect on career goal influences, barriers, and facilitators. In the second focus group, participants were asked to provide suggestions for educational institution and healthcare organization improvement to support career goal attainment for learners in the BIPOC community. Focus group transcripts were coded using both deductive and inductive coding and thematic analysis. RESULTS: Fifteen learners were included in the first focus group, and 10 learners were included in the second. The most common career goal motivators were self-efficacy factors. Barriers and facilitators were often closely related. The most common barriers were financial, lack of representation, and lack of support. Common facilitators included mentorship and informal networking opportunities. Participants suggested multiple strategies for educational institutions and healthcare organizations to support BIPOC learner success, including genuine investment, representation, financial support, improved access to professional development opportunities, partnering with other professional organizations, and prioritizing diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives. CONCLUSION: Institutions should prioritize effective, positive mentoring relationships and exposure to BIPOC professionals. Training programs and associations should consider improving financial support and lowering the cost of involvement to reduce barriers. All stakeholders should prioritize DEI in their organizational culture to promote career advancement of BIPOC learners and professionals.
Vernacular epistemologies of risk : The crisis in Fukushima
Creators: name: Pascale, Celine-Marie
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: On 11 March 2011, an earthquake of a 9.0 magnitude and the consequent tsunami destroyed Japan’s Fukushima Dai-ichi power plant. Known as 3/11 in Japan, the effects of this triple disaster will continue for decades. How did the media covering the catastrophe articulate issues of risk to the general public? This article is a textual analysis of accounts about the Fukushima disaster published between 11 March 2011 and 11 March 2013 in four of the most prominent media outlets in the United States. In particular, the analysis explores the practices through which these US media constructed the presence and meaning of public health risks resulting from the nuclear meltdown. The article illustrates how systematic media practices minimized the presence of health risks, contributed to misinformation, and exacerbated uncertainties. In the process, the study demonstrates how the media created vernacular epistemologies for understanding and evaluating the health risks posed by nuclear radiation. The article concludes by weighing the implications of the vernacular epistemologies deployed by media.
Theoretical and empirical analysis of the debt-adjusted real exchange rate in selected transition economies during 1994 - 2001
Creators: name: Frait, Jan
name: Komarek, Lubos
name: Frait, Jan
name: Komarek, Lubos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Real exchange rate
subject: under/overvaluation
subject: transition

description: This paper aims to enrich the debate on the overvaluation/undervaluation of the Czech koruna and the currencies of other selected transition economies by applying the concept of the debt-adjusted real exchange rate (DARER), thereby offering monetary policy makers another indicator for more responsive management of this important economic variable. The motivation for constructing DARER is the fact that many transition economies finance their long-term current account deficits with capital flows, which often leads to real overvaluation of their currencies. DARER can signal to the authorities that the real exchange rate is becoming unsustainable in the medium term and that if this signal is ignored, a currency crisis may ensue. The paper is in seven parts. The first three parts contain the theoretical underpinning of the concept. Part four defines newly proposed indicators of exchange rate overvaluation. Part five contains empirical DARER results for the Czech Republic. Part six and annex 1 to this work contain empirical DARER results for selected transition countries, including a brief description of those countries’ exchange rate histories. The final part examines the possibilities and limitations of the DARER concept in practice. The primary aim of this part, however, is to explain the information content of the real exchange rate as a very good warning signal of potential currency crisis.
Unusual magnetic field-induced phase transition in the mixed state of superconducting NbSe2
Creators: name: Sologubenko, A. V.
name: Landau, I. L.
name: Ott, H. R.
name: Bilusic, A.
name: Smontara, A.
name: Berger, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermal conductivity κin the basal plane of single-crystalline hexagonal NbSe2 has been measured as a function of magnetic field H, oriented both along and perpendicular to the c-axis, at several temperatures below T_c. With the magnetic field in the basal plane and oriented parallel to the heat flux we observed, in fields well below H_c2, an unexpected hysteretic behavior of κ(H) with all the generic features of a first order phase transition. The transition is not manifest in the κ(H) curves, if H is still in the basal plane but oriented perpendicularly to the heat-flux direction. The origin of the transition is not yet understood.
Point-contact spectroscopy of magnesium diboride with different counter-electrodes
Creators: name: D'yachenko, A. I.
name: Tarenkov, V. Yu.
name: Belogolovskii, M. A.
name: Varyukhin, V. N.
name: Abal'oshev, A. V.
name: Lewandowski, S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on tunneling and Andreev-reflection conductance spectra of 39 K superconducting magnesium diboride, obtained with Pb and Au counter-electrodes. Two distinct steps at close to 2.7 and 7.1 meV appear in a low-resistance metallic-type Au-MgB2 junction characteristic, whereas a tunneling-like spectrum measured for the same junction, annealed by the application of dc current, exhibits only a rounded contribution of the larger gap. Junctions with a superconducting lead counter-electrode pressed into a bulk MgB2 sample reveal two conductance peaks that are interpreted as the result of the formation of highly-transmitting break junctions inside the magnesium diboride ceramic. Our results strongly support the two-band model with two different gap values on quasi-two-dimensional σ(7.1 meV) and three-dimensional π(2.7 meV) Fermi surface sheets of MgB2.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Study of the q^2-Dependence of B --> pi ell nu and B --> rho(omega)ell nu Decay and Extraction of |V_ub|
Creators: name: Athar, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on determinations of |Vub| resulting from studies of the branching fraction and q^2 distributions in exclusive semileptonic B decays that proceed via the b->u transition. Our data set consists of the 9.7x10^6 BBbar meson pairs collected at the Y(4S) resonance with the CLEO II detector. We measure B(B0 -> pi- l+ nu) = (1.33 +- 0.18 +- 0.11 +- 0.01 +- 0.07)x10^{-4} and B(B0 -> rho- l+ nu) = (2.17 +- 0.34 +0.47/-0.54 +- 0.41 +- 0.01)x10^{-4}, where the errors are statistical, experimental systematic, systematic due to residual form-factor uncertainties in the signal, and systematic due to residual form-factor uncertainties in the cross-feed modes, respectively. We also find B(B+ -> eta l+ nu) = (0.84 +- 0.31 +- 0.16 +- 0.09)x10^{-4}, consistent with what is expected from the B -> pi l nu mode and quark model symmetries. We extract |Vub| using Light-Cone Sum Rules (LCSR) for 0<= q^2<16 GeV^2 and Lattice QCD (LQCD) for 16 GeV^2 <= q^2 < q^2_max. Combining both intervals yields |Vub| = (3.24 +- 0.22 +- 0.13 +0.55/-0.39 +- 0.09)x10^{-3}$ for pi l nu, and |Vub| = (3.00 +- 0.21 +0.29/-0.35 +0.49/-0.38 +-0.28)x10^{-3} for rho l nu, where the errors are statistical, experimental systematic, theoretical, and signal form-factor shape, respectively. Our combined value from both decay modes is |Vub| = (3.17 +- 0.17 +0.16/-0.17 +0.53/-0.39 +-0.03)x10^{-3}.
description: 45 pages postscript, also available through http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLNS, submitted to PRD
Predicting F2D3 from the colour glass condensate model
Creators: name: Forshaw, J. R.
name: Sandapen, R.
name: Shaw, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We confront the colour glass condensate motivated dipole model parameterization of Iancu, Itakura and Munier with the available HERA data on the diffractive structure function F2D3 and with existing dipole model parameterizations. Reasonably good agreement is found with only two adjustable parameters. We caution against interpreting the success of the model as compelling evidence for low-x perturbative saturation dynamics.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Enantio and diastereoselective total synthesis of all four stereoisomers of germicidin N
Creators: name: Douchi, Tsuyoshi
name: Akitake, Masahiro
name: Sonoda, Motohiro
name: Sugiyama, Yasumasa
name: Tanimori, Shinji
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Germicidin N (3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-6-[(1S, 2 R)−2-hydroxy-1-methylpropyl]-2H-pyran-2-one, 1), a new α-pyrone from the extracts of a Streptomyces sp. derived from marine algae, has been synthesized for the first time as four possible diastereomers from chiral β-hydroxyester ((S)−6 and (R)−9) through the stereoselective alkylation, Claisen condensation followed by cyclization in a straightforward manner.
Data Management Plan v1
Creators: name: Fuentes-Pérez, Juan Francisco
name: Sanz-Ronda, Francisco Javier
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Data Management Plan
Smart Fishways

description: The Data Management Plan describes what data the Smart Fishway project will generate, whether and how it will be exploited or made accessible for verification and re-use, and how it will be curated and preserved after the end of the project. The present document represents the initial version.
Optical spectroscopy of microquasar candidates at low galactic latitudes
Creators: name: Marti, J.
name: Paredes, J. M.
name: Bloom, J. S.
name: Casares, J.
name: Ribo, M.
name: Falco, E. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report optical spectroscopic observations of a sample of 6 low-galactic latitude microquasar candidates selected by cross-identification of X-ray and radio point source catalogs for |b|<5 degrees. Two objects resulted to be of clear extragalactic origin, as an obvious cosmologic redshift has been measured from their emission lines. For the rest, none exhibits a clear stellar-like spectrum as would be expected for genuine Galactic microquasars. Their featureless spectra are consistent with being extragalactic in origin although two of them could be also highly reddened stars. The apparent non-confirmation of our candidates suggests that the population of persistent microquasar systems in the Galaxy is more rare than previously believed. If none of them is galactic, the upper limit to the space density of new Cygnus X-3-like microquasars within 15 kpc would be 1.1\times10^{-12} per cubic pc. A similar upper limit for new LS 5039-like systems within 4 kpc is estimated to be 5.6\times10^{-11} per cubic pc.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures. Published in A&A, see http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=2004A%26A...413..309M
Orthochirus zagrosensis Kovarik 2004
Creators: name: Kovařík, František
name: Fet, Victor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Scorpiones
Buthidae
Orthochirus
Orthochirus zagrosensis

description: Orthochirus zagrosensis Kovařík, 2004
 Iran, Pass 115 km SW Kerman, 10.IV.1970, 1♀, No. 3399, leg. Pretzmann et Ressl (NMW); Farzanpay det. as O. scrobiculosus (see Farzanpay & Pretzmann, 1974: 216); Pass 160 km NO Shiraz, 20.IV.1970, 1♂, No. 3398, leg. Pretzmann et Bilek (NMW); Farzanpay det. as O. scrobiculosus (see Farzanpay & Pretzmann, 1974: 216).
 Comments: The latter specimen (No. 3398) differs from the types of O. zagrosensis in coloration of the femur and patella of legs, which are yellow. However, the color of the pedipalps agrees with the types (Figs. 7 and 8) and also all other characters support the species identity. Taking into account the color variation known to occur in the genus (see Kovařík, 2004: 28), we are satisfied that the specimen is O. zagrosensis.
description: Published as part of Kovařík, František & Fet, Victor, 2006, Taxonomic position of the genus Simonoides Vachon et Farzanpay, 1987, and description of a new species of Orthochirus Karsch from Iran (Scorpiones, Buthidae), pp. 1-10 in Euscorpius 38 (38) on page 8, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2006.vol2006.iss38.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10082066
Vernacular epistemologies of risk : The crisis in Fukushima
Creators: name: Pascale, Celine-Marie
Publisher: name: Current Sociology
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4410
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: On 11 March 2011, an earthquake of a 9.0 magnitude and the consequent tsunami destroyed Japan’s Fukushima Dai-ichi power plant. Known as 3/11 in Japan, the effects of this triple disaster will continue for decades. How did the media covering the catastrophe articulate issues of risk to the general public? This article is a textual analysis of accounts about the Fukushima disaster published between 11 March 2011 and 11 March 2013 in four of the most prominent media outlets in the United States. In particular, the analysis explores the practices through which these US media constructed the presence and meaning of public health risks resulting from the nuclear meltdown. The article illustrates how systematic media practices minimized the presence of health risks, contributed to misinformation, and exacerbated uncertainties. In the process, the study demonstrates how the media created vernacular epistemologies for understanding and evaluating the health risks posed by nuclear radiation. The article concludes by weighing the implications of the vernacular epistemologies deployed by media.
Periodicity in recurrent fast radio bursts and the origin of ultra long period magnetars
Creators: name: Beniamini, Paz
name: Wadiasingh, Zorawar
name: Metzger, Brian D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recurrent fast radio burst FRB 180916 was recently shown to exhibit a 16 day period (with possible aliasing) in its bursting activity. Given magnetars as widely considered FRB sources, this period has been attributed to precession of the magnetar spin axis or the orbit of a binary companion. Here, we make the simpler connection to a {\it rotational period}, an idea observationally motivated by the 6.7 hour period of the Galactic magnetar candidate, 1E 161348--5055. We explore three physical mechanisms that could lead to the creation of ultra long period magnetars: (i) enhanced spin-down due to episodic mass-loaded charged particle winds (e.g. as may accompany giant flares), (ii) angular momentum kicks from giant flares and (iii) fallback leading to long lasting accretion disks. We show that particle winds and fallback accretion can potentially lead to a sub-set of the magnetar population with ultra long periods, sufficiently long to accommodate FRB 180916 or 1E 161348--5055. If confirmed, such periods implicate magnetars in relatively mature states (ages $1-10$ kyr) and which possessed large internal magnetic fields at birth $B_{\rm int}\gtrsim 10^{16}$ G. In the low-twist magnetar model for FRBs, such long period magnetars may dominate FRB production for repeaters at lower isotropic-equivalent energies and broaden the energy distribution beyond that expected for a canonical population of magnetars which terminate their magnetic activity at shorter periods $P \lesssim 10$ s.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Reciprocal interactions between prostaglandin E2- and estradiol-dependent signaling pathways in the injured zebra finch brain
Creators: name: Pedersen, Alyssa L.
name: Saldanha, Colin
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: BACKGROUND: Astrocytic aromatization and consequent increases in estradiol are neuroprotective in the injured brain. In zebra finches, cyclooxygenase-activity is necessary for injury-induced aromatase expression, and increased central estradiol lowers neuroinflammation. The mechanisms underlying these influences are unknown. Here, we document injury-induced, cyclooxygenase-dependent increases in glial aromatase expression and replicate previous work in our lab showing increases in central prostaglandin E2 and estradiol following brain damage. Further, we describe injury-dependent changes in E-prostanoid and estrogen receptor expression and reveal the necessity of E-prostanoid and estrogen receptors in the injury-dependent, reciprocal interactions of neuroinflammatory and neurosteroidogenic pathways. METHODS: Adult male and female birds were shams or received bilateral injections of the appropriate drug or vehicle into contralateral telencephalic lobes. RESULTS: Injuries sustained in the presence of indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor) had fewer aromatase-expressing reactive astrocytes relative to injuries injected with vehicle suggesting that cyclooxygenase activity is necessary for the induction of glial aromatase around the site of damage. Injured hemispheres had higher prostaglandin E2 and estradiol content relative to shams. Importantly, injured hemispheres injected with E-prostanoid- or estrogen receptor-antagonists showed elevated prostaglandin E2 and estradiol, respectively, but lower prostaglandin E2 or estradiol-dependent downstream activity (protein kinase A or phosphoinositide-3-kinase mRNA) suggesting that receptor antagonism did not affect injury-induced prostaglandin E2 or estradiol, but inhibited the effects of these ligands. Antagonism of E-prostanoid receptors 3 or 4 prevented injury-induced increases in neural estradiol in males and females, respectively, albeit this apparent sex-difference needs to be tested more stringently. Further, estrogen receptor-α, but not estrogen receptor-β antagonism, exaggerated neural prostaglandin E2 levels relative to the contralateral lobe in both sexes. CONCLUSION: These data suggest injury-induced, sex-specific prostaglandin E2-dependent estradiol synthesis, and estrogen receptor-α dependent decreases in neuroinflammation in the vertebrate brain.
Stable Policy Optimization via Off-Policy Divergence Regularization
Creators: name: Touati, Ahmed
name: Zhang, Amy
name: Pineau, Joelle
name: Vincent, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Trust Region Policy Optimization (TRPO) and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) are among the most successful policy gradient approaches in deep reinforcement learning (RL). While these methods achieve state-of-the-art performance across a wide range of challenging tasks, there is room for improvement in the stabilization of the policy learning and how the off-policy data are used. In this paper we revisit the theoretical foundations of these algorithms and propose a new algorithm which stabilizes the policy improvement through a proximity term that constrains the discounted state-action visitation distribution induced by consecutive policies to be close to one another. This proximity term, expressed in terms of the divergence between the visitation distributions, is learned in an off-policy and adversarial manner. We empirically show that our proposed method can have a beneficial effect on stability and improve final performance in benchmark high-dimensional control tasks.
Reciprocal interactions between prostaglandin E2- and estradiol-dependent signaling pathways in the injured zebra finch brain
Creators: name: Pedersen, Alyssa L.
name: Saldanha, Colin
Publisher: name: Journal of Neuroinflammation
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3209
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: BACKGROUND: Astrocytic aromatization and consequent increases in estradiol are neuroprotective in the injured brain. In zebra finches, cyclooxygenase-activity is necessary for injury-induced aromatase expression, and increased central estradiol lowers neuroinflammation. The mechanisms underlying these influences are unknown. Here, we document injury-induced, cyclooxygenase-dependent increases in glial aromatase expression and replicate previous work in our lab showing increases in central prostaglandin E2 and estradiol following brain damage. Further, we describe injury-dependent changes in E-prostanoid and estrogen receptor expression and reveal the necessity of E-prostanoid and estrogen receptors in the injury-dependent, reciprocal interactions of neuroinflammatory and neurosteroidogenic pathways. METHODS: Adult male and female birds were shams or received bilateral injections of the appropriate drug or vehicle into contralateral telencephalic lobes. RESULTS: Injuries sustained in the presence of indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor) had fewer aromatase-expressing reactive astrocytes relative to injuries injected with vehicle suggesting that cyclooxygenase activity is necessary for the induction of glial aromatase around the site of damage. Injured hemispheres had higher prostaglandin E2 and estradiol content relative to shams. Importantly, injured hemispheres injected with E-prostanoid- or estrogen receptor-antagonists showed elevated prostaglandin E2 and estradiol, respectively, but lower prostaglandin E2 or estradiol-dependent downstream activity (protein kinase A or phosphoinositide-3-kinase mRNA) suggesting that receptor antagonism did not affect injury-induced prostaglandin E2 or estradiol, but inhibited the effects of these ligands. Antagonism of E-prostanoid receptors 3 or 4 prevented injury-induced increases in neural estradiol in males and females, respectively, albeit this apparent sex-difference needs to be tested more stringently. Further, estrogen receptor-α, but not estrogen receptor-β antagonism, exaggerated neural prostaglandin E2 levels relative to the contralateral lobe in both sexes. CONCLUSION: These data suggest injury-induced, sex-specific prostaglandin E2-dependent estradiol synthesis, and estrogen receptor-α dependent decreases in neuroinflammation in the vertebrate brain.
An investigation into interactive and non-interactive displays in the new Student Union Building
Creators: name: Hu, Ken
name: Wuolle, Alex
name: Tabrizi, Hamid Reza Azimi
name: Ng, Justin
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: In the new Student Union Building (SUB) scheduled to open in 2014, there will be a need for display boards to display information such as events and sustainable features of the new building. The purpose of this investigation is to find a combination of displays to effectively communicate the selected information with users of the SUB. Three different options for the arrangement of the display boards were considered: A) Have one large TV directly connected with small interactive displays, B) many small interactive displays, or C) a few small interactive displays with a separate large non-interactive display. The most effective option was found to be C). Suggestions regarding the location of the displays and the content that should be displayed on them are made. A triple bottom line analysis is conducted to examine the social, economic and environmental impacts of each display option. The paper concludes that light-emitting diode (LED) displays should be used for the large display boards, and a specific brand of industrial touch screen should be used for the interactive display boards. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”