cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multiple Unpinned Dirac Points in Group-Va Single-layers with Phosphorene Structure
Creators: name: Lu, Yunhao
name: Zhou, Di
name: Chang, Guoqing
name: Guan, Shan
name: Chen, Weiguang
name: Jiang, Yinzhu
name: Jiang, Jianzhong
name: Lin, Hsin
name: Wang, Xue-sen
name: Yang, Shengyuan A.
name: Feng, Yuan Ping
name: Kawazoe, Yoshiyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Emergent Dirac fermion states underlie many intriguing properties of graphene, and the search for them constitute one strong motivation to explore two-dimensional (2D) allotropes of other elements. Phosphorene, the ultrathin layers of black phosphorous, has been a subject of intense investigations recently, and it was found that other group-Va elements could also form 2D layers with similar puckered lattice structure. Here, by a close examination of their electronic band structure evolution, we discover two types of Dirac fermion states emerging in the low-energy spectrum. One pair of (type-I) Dirac points is sitting on high-symmetry lines, while two pairs of (type-II) Dirac points are located at generic $k$-points, with different anisotropic dispersions determined by the reduced symmetries at their locations. Such fully-unpinned (type-II) 2D Dirac points are discovered for the first time. In the absence of spin-orbit coupling, we find that each Dirac node is protected by the sublattice symmetry from gap opening, which is in turn ensured by any one of three point group symmetries. The spin-orbit coupling generally gaps the Dirac nodes, and for the type-I case, this drives the system into a quantum spin Hall insulator phase. We suggest possible ways to realize the unpinned Dirac points in strained phosphorene.
description: 30 pages, 6 figures
The Impossibility of Extending Random Dictatorship to Weak Preferences
Creators: name: Brandl, Florian
name: Brandt, Felix
name: Suksompong, Warut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.6; D.7; D.8

description: Random dictatorship has been characterized as the only social decision scheme that satisfies efficiency and strategyproofness when individual preferences are strict. We show that no extension of random dictatorship to weak preferences satisfies these properties, even when significantly weakening the required degree of strategyproofness.
Human rights beyond borders: re-conceptualising obligations, anchoring accountability, aiming for global justice
Creators: name: Leweson, Petrine
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2012
Subjects: human rights
international obligations
justice

description: Second semester University: University College Dublin.
description: Motivated by a concern about global injustice and convinced that the notion of extraterritorial human rights obligations (ETOs) constitutes a potentially powerful response, the present paper sets out to ‘crack the code’ of making the notion of ETOs come into its own and gain the strongest possible position to contribute to the long overdue realisation of global justice. The paper operates with the hypotheses that success in achieving global justice ultimately depends on how ETOs are conceptualised; and that a minimalist, functional and local conceptualisation of ETOs can provide the necessary conceptual clarity for making the notion of ETOs come into its own and answer to the two gaps –a regime gap and a conceptual gap– of the present human rights protection. Drawing from law, philosophy and politics, a ‘negative re-conceptualisation’ is proposed with a view to provide closure to these gaps and test the hypotheses at hand. Moreover, the proposed ‘negative re-conceptualisation’ serves the two-fold purpose of this paper. It contributes to the on-going theoretical debate and more importantly, on a broader meta-level, promotes the establishment and articulation of the significance of conceptualisation. This proves vital in the struggle for global justice and has the potential to remedy the mistaken propensity to rank the conceptual challenge as on par with other recognised challenges.
Lifetime measurement of excited low-spin states via the $(p,p^{\prime}γ$) reaction
Creators: name: Hennig, A.
name: Derya, V.
name: Mineva, M. N.
name: Petkov, P.
name: Pickstone, S. G.
name: Spieker, M.
name: Zilges, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article a method for lifetime measurements in the sub-picosecond regime via the Doppler-shift attenuation method (DSAM) following the inelastic proton scattering reaction is presented. In a pioneering experiment we extracted the lifetimes of 30 excited low-spin states of $^{96}$Ru, taking advantage of the coincident detection of scattered protons and de-exciting $γ$-rays as well as the large number of particle and $γ$-ray detectors provided by the SONIC@HORUS setup at the University of Cologne. The large amount of new experimental data shows that this technique is suited for the measurement of lifetimes of excited low-spin states, especially for isotopes with a low isotopic abundance, where $(n,n^{\prime}γ$) or - in case of investigating dipole excitations - ($γ,γ^{\prime}$) experiments are not feasible due to the lack of sufficient isotopically enriched target material.
Transitional justice in Cambodia - Can NGOs keep their promise? : a critical assessment of heterogeneous civil society contributions towards a victim-centred approach to dealing with the past
Creators: name: Remke, Kerstin
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: International Criminal Tribunals
Cambodia
NGOs
transitional justice

description: Second semester University: Université Libre de Bruxelles.
description: In addition to the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), local NGOs with both punitive and restorative approaches to TJ have considerably added to the process of dealing with the past. After presenting the ECCC and local NGOs as actors in the Cambodian case, the contributions of NGOs are first outlined along Backer’s conceptualisation of civil society functions in TJ processes, and later assessed against Robin’s concept of victim-centredness. It is argued that NGOs have provided significant contributions in terms of e.g. broadening and localising the TJ process. Furthermore, measures in both the punitive and restorative field are crucial for victims due to a complex understanding of justice. However, while markedly in line with the local population’s understanding of central concepts in TJ, can NGO activities be considered as responding to victims’ explicit needs and preferences rather than acting according to their own or rather externally influenced agendas, if a strong focus is placed on reconciliation and symbolic reparations, which rank low in victims’ hierarchies of needs? Furthermore, can empowerment be ensured where participation of victims in the project design stage is essentially limited? This thesis contends that rather than corresponding to a victim-centred approach, based on needs as defined by victims themselves and involving them at all stages of the project cycle, NGO activities in Cambodia should be considered as focusing on the victims in their implementation phase only.
Changing the Way Women Interact with Personal Finance Education Through Social Influencers
Creators: name: Kupec, Emily
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Women command upwards of $20 trillion, or 27 percent of the world’s total wealth. In the United States alone, women exercise decision-making control over $11.2 trillion. And yet, 86 percent of investment advisors are men over the age of 50. This suggests conversations in the financial industry may focus on the ways that men tend to prioritize their goals and career paths. As a result, women have less financial literacy than men—a potential problem as they become financially independent, make spending decisions and marry if they choose. In 2008 the Boston Consulting Group organized a survey and found that women’s depiction of their relationship with financial institutions left a detailed picture cit ing a lack of respect, poor advice, a one-size-fits-all approach, conflicting policies and an infinite “tangle of red tape,” leaving women exhausted and frustrated. According to Adweek, women prefer to interact with brands digitally. While 90 percent of women interact digitally with the beauty industry and 83 percent with the clothing industry, only one percent of women in the survey interacted with finance brands digitally. Through focus groups and surveys, this study explores explored the opportunity to alter the way that young women, ages 22 to 29, interact with their finances and, in particular, if influencers have the capability to do so.
Type Ia Supernovae: Can Coriolis force break the symmetry of the gravitational confined detonation explosion mechanism?
Creators: name: García-Senz, D.
name: Cabezón, R. M.
name: Domínguez, I.
name: Thielemann, F. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nowadays the number of models aimed at explaining the Type Ia supernova phenomenon is high and discriminating between them is a must-do. In this work we explore the influence of rotation in the evolution of the nuclear flame which drives the explosion in the so called gravitational confined detonation models. Assuming that the flame starts in a point-like region slightly above the center of the white dwarf (WD) and adding a moderate amount of angular velocity to the star we follow the evolution of the deflagration using a smoothed particle hydrodynamics code. We find that the results are very dependent on the angle between the rotational axis and the line connecting the initial bubble of burned material with the center of the white dwarf at the moment of the ignition. The impact of rotation is larger for angles close to 90° because the Coriolis force on a floating element of fluid is maximum, and its principal effect is to break the symmetry of the deflagration. Such symmetry breaking weakens the convergence of the nuclear flame at the antipodes of the initial ignition volume, changing the environmental conditions around the convergence region with respect to non-rotating models. These changes seem to disfavor the emergence of a detonation in the compressed volume at the antipodes, thus compromising the viability of the so called gravitational confined detonation mechanism.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures, submitted to ApJ
A spectral hole memory for light at the single photon level
Creators: name: Kutluer, Kutlu
name: Pascual-Winter, María Florencia
name: Dajczgewand, Julian
name: Ledingham, Partick M.
name: Mazzera, Margherita
name: Chanelière, Thierry
name: de Riedmatten, Hugues
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a solid state spin-wave optical memory based on stopped light in a spectral hole. A long lived narrow spectral hole is created by optical pumping in the inhomogeneous absorption profile of a Pr$^{3+}$:Y$_2$SiO$_5$ crystal. Optical pulses sent through the spectral hole experience a strong reduction of their group velocity and are spatially compressed in the crystal. A short Raman pulse transfers the optical excitation to the spin state before the light pulse exits the crystal, effectively stopping the light. After a controllable delay, a second Raman pulse is sent, which leads to the emission of the stored photons. We reach storage and retrieval efficiencies for bright pulses of up to $39\,\%$ in a $5 \,\mathrm{mm}$-long crystal. We also show that our device works at the single photon level by storing and retrieving $3\,\mathrm{μs}$-long weak coherent pulses with efficiencies up to $31\,\%$, demonstrating the most efficient spin-wave solid state optical memory at the single-photon level so far. We reach an unconditional noise level of $(9\pm1)\times 10^{-3}$ photons per pulse in a detection window of $4\,\mathrm{μs}$ leading to a signal-to-noise ratio of $33 \pm 4$ for an average input photon number of 1, making our device promising for long-lived storage of non-classical light.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Multi-parameter study for a new Ground-Based telescope in Egypt
Creators: name: Darwish, Mohamed S.
name: Badreldin, Hazem
name: Ahmed, Nasser M.
name: Morsy, Mostafa
name: Kohil, E. E.
name: Hassan, Hany M.
name: Helmy, I.
name: shokry, Ahmed
name: Hassan, M. A.
name: Saad, S. M.
name: Hamed, G. M.
name: Ghatass, Z. F.
name: Ata, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A multi-parameter analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of meteorological parameters, night sky brightness and seismic hazard on proposed sites for the new optical/infrared Egyptian astronomical telescope. The ERA5 reanalysis data set is used to get the following meteorological parameters: Total cloud coverage fraction, precipitable water vapor, relative humidity, wind speed & direction and Air temperature. To estimate the aerosol optical depth we used the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). Light pollution over the candidate sites was measured from Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day Night Band (DNB). The seismic input in terms of maximum acceleration and response spectra were computed using a physics-based ground motion approach to assess the seismic hazards and consequently the designation of seismic resistant structure for the proposed sites to be able to assess the seismic hazards for the candidate sites. Of the seven nominated sites, two sites are found to have the best measurements and might be considered future sites for the new Egyptian Astronomical telescope. The first site is located in the south of the Sinai peninsula, while the second one is located in the Red Sea mountains region.
description: The paper contains 17 pages and 14 figures
Child trafficking for sexual and labor exploitation in times of migration crisis: the cases of Greece and Ethiopia. Accept what is being done to their kids, if you don’t mind it being done to yours
Creators: name: Coillot, Cécile
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: trafficking in young people
children rights
sexual exploitation
child labour
Greece
Ethiopia

description: Second semester University: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
description: Child trafficking is an issue that is increasing year after year and can take different forms. This thesis will be focusing on child trafficking for sexual and labor exploitation as they are the most common identified forms of child Human Trafficking1. The beneficiaries (traffickers/pedophile gangs/exploiters/pimps or “users”) often go unpunished and are extremely difficult to identify. Some of the victims are also considered criminals in the case that their presence on the territory is illegal. This issue has been pointed out a lot more by the international community and by civil society in the last decade and Child trafficking is a problem on several organizations’ and governments main agenda. However, despite the awareness raising at a local level, and the different international, national and regional policies put in place, there is one thing that makes trafficking a much easier crime to commit nowadays. The migration crisis’ observed around the globe facilitate the trafficking of children. Criminal bands take advantage of this humanitarian crisis to commit such crimes. This explanatory research aims to give an overview of the policies in place for the prevention, protection and after-care of the victims in the two different regions we will be focusing on: Greece and Ethiopia. It will also present the importance of the consequences preventing children’s development and well-being.
Survival of the fittest: the "right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress" and corresponding bioethical issues
Creators: name: Clayton, Maeve Elizabeth
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: bioethics
genetics
health
human rights

description: Second semester University: New University of Lisbon.
description: This thesis shall examine the “Right to enjoy the benefit of scientific progress and its applications” (REBSP) in relation to the contemporary bioethical issue of genetic screening/ testing. The research question that shall be posed is whether it is legally and ethically acceptable to use the benefits of scientific progress, specifically pre-implantation genetic diagnosis for the purposes of prevention leading to eradication of certain genetic diseases. Firstly the right itself and how it is enshrined in various international and regional documents shall be examined, followed by the discipline of bioethics and how recent advances in scientific and technological knowledge could have great implications for this field. Then it will look at practical applications of these benefits of scientific progress and their interplay with other human rights and fundamental freedoms. The recent decision of the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Costa & Pavan v. Italy will be discussed in relation to potential ramifications this ruling may have for future cases/ scenarios. The concept of human dignity underlies this thesis and is intrinsically interlinked with the REBSP, particularly when taken into consideration with the theories of eugenics. Eugenic fears are frequently invoked when speaking about genetic testing procedures however this thesis shall attempt to assuage those fears by presenting both sides of the argument relating to these contentious yet promising procedures. Some recommendations for the future will be given in order to avoid abusive practices and allow for this right to be fully realised and benefited from the world over.
Stellar density profile and mass of the Milky Way Bulge from VVV data
Creators: name: Valenti, E.
name: Zoccali, M.
name: Gonzalez, O. A.
name: Minniti, D.
name: Alonso-Garcia, J.
name: Marchetti, E.
name: Hempel, M.
name: Renzini, A.
name: Rejkuba, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first stellar density profile of the Milky Way bulge reaching latitude $b=0^\circ$. It is derived by counting red clump stars within the colour\--magnitude diagram constructed with the new PSF-fitting photometry from VISTA Variables in the V\'ıa Láctea (VVV) survey data. The new stellar density map covers the area between $|l|\leq 10^\circ$ and $|b|\leq 4.5^\circ$ with unprecedented accuracy, allowing to establish a direct link between the stellar kinematics from the Giraffe Inner Bulge Spectroscopic Survey (GIBS) and the stellar mass density distribution. In particular, the location of the central velocity dispersion peak from GIBS matches a high overdensity in the VVV star count map. By scaling the total luminosity function (LF) obtained from all VVV fields to the LF from Zoccali et al.(2003), we obtain the first fully empirical estimate of the mass in stars and remnants of the Galactic bulge. The Milky Way bulge stellar mass within ($|b|<9.5^\circ$, $|l|<10^\circ$) is $2.0\pm0.3\times 10^{10}M_{\odot}$.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication on A&A
Novel exactly solvable Schrödinger equations with a position-dependent mass in multidimensional spaces obtained from duality
Creators: name: Quesne, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel exactly solvable Schrödinger equation with a position-dependent mass (PDM) describing a Coulomb problem in $D$ dimensions is obtained by extending the known duality relating the quantum $d$-dimensional oscillator and $D$-dimensional Coulomb problems in Euclidean spaces for $D = (d+2)/2$. As an intermediate step, a mapping between a quantum $d$-dimensional nonlinear oscillator of Mathews-Lakshmanan type (or oscillator in a space of constant curvature) and a quantum $D$-dimensional Coulomb-like problem in a space of nonconstant curvature is derived. It is finally reinterpreted in a PDM background.
description: 12 pages, no figure; title, abstract and presentation changed
Restorative justice in the context of transitional justice: case study of Colombia
Creators: name: Torrado Rojas, Luisa
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018
Subjects: restorative justice
transitional justice
Colombia
reconciliation
peace
victims
truth commission

description: Second semester University: Utrecht University
description: How is it possible to reach peace and social reconciliation in a country that has normalized the violence? This is the question that politician, States, local and international organization are continually asking in context of transitions. Even though the social claim for the investigation and prosecutions of the perpetrators is a permanent constant, the retributive trials do not seem to be enough to address the aims of peace and reconciliation in scenarios of mass victimization. The peace agreement signed between the government of Colombia and the FARC-EP brings hopes to finally deal in a comprehensive way the armed conflict by incorporating restorative justice principles within the transitional justice process. Nevertheless, the concept of restorative justice remains in debate, and its suitability in the context of transitional justice is debatable. The thesis seeks to contribute on the debate by arguing that restorative justice seems to be the alternative paradigm of justice that humanize the conflict by promoting peace, truth, reconciliation and social restoration in the context of mass atrocities.
A geometric Achlioptas process
Creators: name: Müller, Tobias
name: Spöhel, Reto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The random geometric graph is obtained by sampling $n$ points from the unit square (uniformly at random and independently), and connecting two points whenever their distance is at most $r$, for some given $r=r(n)$. We consider the following variation on the random geometric graph: in each of $n$ rounds in total, a player is offered two random points from the unit square, and has to select exactly one of these two points for inclusion in the evolving geometric graph. We study the problem of avoiding a linear-sized (or "giant") component in this setting. Specifically, we show that for any $r\ll(n\log\log n)^{-1/3}$ there is a strategy that succeeds in keeping all component sizes sublinear, with probability tending to one as $n\to\infty$. We also show that this is tight in the following sense: for any $r\gg(n\log\log n)^{-1/3}$, the player will be forced to create a component of size $(1-o(1))n$, no matter how he plays, again with probability tending to one as $n\to\infty$. We also prove that the corresponding offline problem exhibits a similar threshold behaviour at $r(n)=Θ(n^{-1/3})$. These findings should be compared to the existing results for the (ordinary) random geometric graph: there a giant component arises with high probability once $r$ is of order $n^{-1/2}$. Thus, our results show, in particular, that in the geometric setting the power of choices can be exploited to a much larger extent than in the classical Erdős-Rényi random graph, where the appearance of a giant component can only be delayed by a constant factor.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-AAP1074 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Effects of fabrication methods on spin relaxation and crystallite quality in Tm-doped Y$_2$Al$_5$O$_{12}$ powders studied using spectral hole burning
Creators: name: Lutz, Thomas
name: Veissier, Lucile
name: Thiel, Charles W.
name: Woodburn, Philip J. T.
name: Cone, Rufus L.
name: Barclay, Paul E.
name: Tittel, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-quality rare-earth-ion (REI) doped materials are a prerequisite for many applications such as quantum memories, ultra-high-resolution optical spectrum analyzers and information processing. Compared to bulk materials, REI doped powders offer low-cost fabrication and a greater range of accessible material systems. Here we show that crystal properties, such as nuclear spin lifetime, are strongly affected by mechanical treatment, and that spectral hole burning can serve as a sensitive method to characterize the quality of REI doped powders. We focus on the specific case of thulium doped Y$_2$Al$_5$O$_{12}$ (Tm:YAG). Different methods for obtaining the powders are compared and the influence of annealing on the spectroscopic quality of powders is investigated on a few examples. We conclude that annealing can reverse some detrimental effects of powder fabrication and, in certain cases, the properties of the bulk material can be reached. Our results may be applicable to other impurities and other crystals, including color centers in nano-structured diamond.
description: 7 pages 5 figures, Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, Volume 17, Issue 1, 2016
A New Dataset for End-to-End Sign Language Translation: The Greek Elementary School Dataset
Creators: name: Voskou, Andreas
name: Panousis, Konstantinos P.
name: Partaourides, Harris
name: Tolias, Kyriakos
name: Chatzis, Sotirios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatic Sign Language Translation (SLT) is a research avenue of great societal impact. End-to-End SLT facilitates the interaction of Hard-of-Hearing (HoH) with hearing people, thus improving their social life and opportunities for participation in social life. However, research within this frame of reference is still in its infancy, and current resources are particularly limited. Existing SLT methods are either of low translation ability or are trained and evaluated on datasets of restricted vocabulary and questionable real-world value. A characteristic example is Phoenix2014T benchmark dataset, which only covers weather forecasts in German Sign Language. To address this shortage of resources, we introduce a newly constructed collection of 29653 Greek Sign Language video-translation pairs which is based on the official syllabus of Greek Elementary School. Our dataset covers a wide range of subjects. We use this novel dataset to train recent state-of-the-art Transformer-based methods widely used in SLT research. Our results demonstrate the potential of our introduced dataset to advance SLT research by offering a favourable balance between usability and real-world value.
description: ICCVW2023 - ACVR
The umbrella agreement on personal data transfers for law enforcement: a transatlantic trojan horse? : judicial redress for privacy and data protection violations relating to transatlantic data transfers for law enforcement purposes
Creators: name: Wyckmans, Lien
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: data protection
European Union
United States of America
data transmission system
law enforcement
privacy
right of privacy
security
terrorism

description: Second semester University: Lund University.
description: Terrorism has been a major concern for nations across the world. Since 9/11, the international cooperation in the fight against terrorism has only intensified. The largescale use of surveillance technologies has had a significant impact on the enjoyment of the right to privacy. The newest addition to counter-terrorism initiatives is the Umbrella agreement between the United States and the European Union on the exchange of personal data for law enforcement purposes. This agreement will be the framework to facilitate transatlantic data transfers and to ensure respect for common data protection standards, including judicial redress. The present thesis focuses on the effectiveness of judicial redress possibilities for violations relating to transatlantic data transfers for law enforcement purposes. The main body of this thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter sets out the context of counter-terrorism to understand the implications for privacy. Chapter 2 offers an overview of how European and American legislators have dealt with the balancing exercise between freedom and security. In the third chapter, the judicial enforcement of privacy is analysed in order to evaluate its practical value. Finally, Chapter 4 concludes with suggestions to improve the judicial redress mechanism to allow for effective protection of privacy.
Continuous and reversible tuning of the disorder-driven superconductor-insulator transition in bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Lee, Gil-Ho
name: Jeong, Dongchan
name: Park, Kee-Su
name: Meir, Yigal
name: Cha, Min-Chul
name: Lee, Hu-Jong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of static disorder on a quantum phase transition (QPT) is a fundamental issue in condensed matter physics. As a prototypical example of a disorder-tuned QPT, the superconductor-insulator transition (SIT) has been investigated intensively over the past three decades, but as yet without a general consensus on its nature. A key element is good control of disorder. Here, we present an experimental study of the SIT based on precise in-situ tuning of disorder in dual-gated bilayer graphene proximity-coupled to two superconducting electrodes through electrical and reversible control of the band gap and the charge carrier density. In the presence of a static disorder potential, Andreev-paired carriers formed close to the Fermi level in bilayer graphene constitute a randomly distributed network of proximity-induced superconducting puddles. The landscape of the network was easily tuned by electrical gating to induce percolative clusters at the onset of superconductivity. This is evidenced by scaling behavior consistent with the classical percolation in transport measurements. At lower temperatures, the solely electrical tuning of the disorder-induced landscape enables us to observe, for the first time, a crossover from classical to quantum percolation in a single device, which elucidates how thermal dephasing engages in separating the two regimes.
description: 43 pages, 16 figures, submitted
An explicit classical strategy for winning a $\mathrm{CHSH}_{q}$ game
Creators: name: Pivoluska, Matej
name: Plesch, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A $\mathrm{CHSH}_{q}$ game is a generalization of the standard two player $\mathrm{CHSH}$ game, having $q$ different input and output options. In contrast to the binary game, the best classical and quantum winning strategies are not known exactly. In this paper we provide a constructive classical strategy for winning a $\mathrm{CHSH}_{q}$ game, with $q$ being a prime. Our construction achieves a winning probability better than $\frac{1}{22}q^{-\frac{2}{3}}$, which is in contrast with the previously known constructive strategies achieving only the winning probability of $O(q^{-1})$.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
The international political economy of war, critical theory and change: addressing the root of armed conflict
Creators: name: San Martin Claver, Maria
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2012
Subjects: conflict prevention
conflict resolution
political economy
war

description: Second semester University: University College Dublin
description: An accurate understanding of the causes of armed conflict is essential for both its prevention and resolution. The most prominent theories of contemporary conflict, those developed since the Second World War, are reviewed in Chapters I and II. The insight gained through all these years of research and debate is invaluable and of great use. However, many questions regarding the explanation of armed conflict remain unanswered. As conclusions are not definitive, a critical assessment of these theories from an international political economy perspective is carried out in Chapter III. This approach highlights important questions to be included in the research on the causes of war: the significance of history, and in particular the global political and economic interconnections in the formation of the structures of society, when studying social phenomena; the central role of cultural and social particularities in the configuration of social conflict; the essential inclusion of the structural dimension in giving an account of the underlying causes of war; and the need for approaching armed conflict with the clear intention of promoting the change of all those aspects of our society, culture and system that contribute to the outburst of social violence and all its human and material costs.
A certification system for human rights protection: putting indicators into use
Creators: name: Nunes, Mariana Pereira Fiadeiro Mesquita
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2012
Subjects: economic social and cultural rights
human rights
human rights monitoring

description: Second semester University: : Uppsala University
description: The current human rights system is ineffective and highly politicised. The gap between formal existence of rights and material implementation constrains the capability of rights’ enjoyment. Moreover, the weakening of public authority and the emergent demands for new mechanisms of corporate accountability call for new forms of governance and alternative mechanisms for human rights protection. This thesis defends that human rights protection, notably labour rights, can be enhanced through a voluntary certification system that attaches economic incentives to compliance. A range of public and private mechanisms for advancing human rights is analysed. Such mechanisms have mainly: (a) targeted abuses through systems of economic incentives and sanctions, (b) made possible the comparison among human rights situations, or (c) developed voluntary approaches to compliance. The thesis proposes a certification system for human rights that would add an economic spur for both private and public entities to protect human rights, through the granting of certificates built upon robust indicators (to measure/attest the level of protection), linked to different types of economic benefits. Such system would combine several features found in the studied mechanisms, while simultaneously improving them, thus guaranteeing more legitimacy, accountability, objectivity, transparency and effectiveness. It concludes that private systems do not preclude the maintenance of human rights critical authority. Key words: human rights; economic incentives; certification; labour rights; indicators; capabilities.
Separating the effects of earthside and far side solar events. A case study
Creators: name: Pohjolainen, Silja
name: Sheshvan, Nasrin Talebpour
name: Monstein, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On 8 November 2013 a halo-type coronal mass ejection (CME) was observed, together with flares and type II radio bursts, but the association between the flares, radio bursts, and the CME was not clear. Our aim is to identify the origin of the CME and its direction of propagation, and to exclude features that were not connected to it. On the Earth-facing side, a GOES C5.7 class flare occurred close to the estimated CME launch time, followed by an X1.1 class flare. The latter flare was associated with an EUV wave and metric type II bursts. On the far side of the Sun, a filament eruption, EUV dimmings, and ejected CME loops were observed by imaging instruments onboard the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) spacecraft that were viewing the backside of the Sun. The STEREO radio instruments observed an interplanetary (IP) type II radio burst at decameter-hectometric wavelengths, which was not observed by the radio instrument onboard the Wind spacecraft located at L1 near Earth. We show that the halo CME originated from the eruption on the far side of the Sun, and that the IP type II burst was created by a shock wave ahead of the halo CME. The radio burst remained unobserved from the earthside, even at heliocentric source heights larger than 9 solar radii. During the CME propagation, the X-class flare eruption caused a small plasmoid ejection earthward, the material of which was superposed on the earlier CME structures observed in projection. The estimated heights of the metric type II burst match well with the EUV wave launched by the X-class flare. As this radio emission did not continue to lower frequencies, we conclude that the shock wave did not propagate any further. Either the shock driver died out, as a blast wave, or the driver speed no longer exceeded the local Alfven speed.
Protecting cultural heritage in times of instability : Tunisia, a case study
Creators: name: Dalena, Anna Lucky
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: cultural heritage
Tunisia
trafficking

description: Second semester University: University of Carthage.
description: The illicit trade in artefacts and antiquities has increased in the last years, not only affecting the historic memory but also the identity of the people. According to the studies on the subject, it appears clear that conflicts, war and political instability are all incentives for criminal and terrorist groups to expand their business and engage in looting activities, either with their own tools or involving the local population in search for some easy money. The recent events in the MENA region, indeed, represented a threat for the national heritage of countries such as Syria, Iraq, Libya, but also Tunisia and Egypt, even though it did not correspond to an increased attention of the international community on the issue. Moreover, the plans of the governments have never been very focused on the protection of their cultural heritage and it resulted in a vacuum in the domestic legislative framework. It is especially the case of Tunisia, where archaeology was seen as a symbol of the ancient French colonialism and, later on during the dictatorship of Ben Ali, as a treasure to be exploited as desired for personal use. Despite the new legislations adopted after the revolution in 2011 and an increased effort from the authorities to protect the national heritage, the results are not very satisfying and there is an obvious need to reform the system at national, regional and international level in order to guarantee an effective protection of the identity of such countries.
Annuitization and asset allocation
Creators: name: Milevsky, Moshe A.
name: Young, Virginia R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper examines the optimal annuitization, investment and consumption strategies of a utility-maximizing retiree facing a stochastic time of death under a variety of institutional restrictions. We focus on the impact of aging on the optimal purchase of life annuities which form the basis of most Defined Benefit pension plans. Due to adverse selection, acquiring a lifetime payout annuity is an irreversible transaction that creates an incentive to delay. Under the institutional all-or-nothing arrangement where annuitization must take place at one distinct point in time (i.e. retirement), we derive the optimal age at which to annuitize and develop a metric to capture the loss from annuitizing prematurely. In contrast, under an open-market structure where individuals can annuitize any fraction of their wealth at anytime, we locate a general optimal annuity purchasing policy. In this case, we find that an individual will initially annuitize a lump sum and then buy annuities to keep wealth to one side of a separating ray in wealth-annuity space. We believe our paper is the first to integrate life annuity products into the portfolio choice literature while taking into account realistic institutional restrictions which are unique to the market for mortality-contingent claims.
Transit timing to first order in eccentricity
Creators: name: Agol, Eric
name: Deck, Katherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Characterization of transiting planets with transit timing variations (TTVs) requires understanding how to translate the observed TTVs into masses and orbital elements of the planets. This can be challenging in multi-planet transiting systems, but fortunately these systems tend to be nearly plane-parallel and low eccentricity. Here we present a novel derivation of analytic formulae for TTVs that are accurate to first order in the planet-star mass ratios and in the orbital eccentricities. These formulae are accurate in proximity to first order resonances, as well as away from resonance, and compare well with more computationally expensive N-body integrations in the low eccentricity, low mass-ratio regime when applied to simulated and to actual multi-transiting Kepler planet systems. We make code available for implementing these formulae.
description: Revised to match published version; associated code may be found at https://github.com/ericagol/TTVFaster
Proposal for high-fidelity quantum simulation using a hybrid dressed state
Creators: name: Cai, Jianming
name: Cohen, Itsik
name: Retzker, Alex
name: Plenio, Martin B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fundamental goal of quantum technologies concerns the exploitation of quantum coherent dynamics for the realisation of novel quantum applications such as quantum computing, quantum simulation, and quantum metrology. A key challenge on the way towards these goals remains the protection of quantum coherent dynamics from environmental noise. Here, we propose a concept of hybrid dressed state from a pair of continuously driven systems. It allows sufficiently strong driving fields to suppress the effect of environmental noise, while at the same time being insusceptible to both the amplitude and phase noise in the continuous driving fields. This combination of robust features significantly enhances coherence times under realistic conditions, and at the same time provides new flexibility in Hamiltonian engineering that otherwise is not achievable. We demonstrate theoretically applications of our scheme for noise resistant analog quantum simulation in the well studied physical systems of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond and of trapped ions. The scheme may also be exploited for quantum computation and quantum metrology.
Subversive swallowing : the self-help abortion as a site of stigma and resistance in the anti-choice state. The case of Northern Ireland
Creators: name: Mc Guinness, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: abortion
Northern Ireland

description: Second semester University: New University of Lisbon.
description: Where the state controls reproduction, the ‘self-help abortion’ controls right back. Between a past which saw pregnancy as punishment and a present which sees pregnant bodies as public property, the issue of abortion in Northern Ireland has been shrouded by censure, silence and stigma. Meanwhile, caught between the foetal fetishisation of anti-choice abstraction on one end and idle establishments both sides of the pond on the other, women have found themselves in a quasi-colonial state of reproductive exile. For those with means, amnesty can be found by crossing borders on the ‘abortion trail,’those without- face trial. Under remnants from the era of Victorian prudism, women have been criminalised for the procurement of abortion pills. Along with the ideological maelstrom wrought in the wake of prosecutions, a new form of stigma was witnessed; that of the ‘self-help abortion.’This thesis seeks to advance an understanding of ‘self-help abortion stigma’ building on Kumar et al’s 2009 conceptualisation of abortion stigma. It examines how self-help abortion stigma is reproduced and replicated in the anti-choice state across community, institutional and organisational levels. Equally it is considered how self-help abortion stigma is resisted in Northern Ireland. It proposes that the self-help abortion can be seen as a counter-hegemonic tool to reclaim reproductive control in the anti-choice state. It proposes a paradigm shift that would frame self-help abortion not as a reality to be accepted but a potential to be embraced.
The 2013 Irish legislation on abortion: turning-point or missed opportunity? : a critical analysis from a human rights perspective
Creators: name: Cosentino, Chiara
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: abortion
Ireland

description: Second semester University: National University of Ireland, Galway.
description: While Ireland is being targeted by a worldwide Amnesty International campaign on sexual and reproductive rights, a reflection on the Irish legal framework on abortion is deemed necessary. The present work assesses whether the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act approved by the Irish Parliament in July 2013 represents a step forward or a missed opportunity for the protection of women’s reproductive rights in Ireland. After illustrating the legal, political and social developments on the issue of abortion since the introduction of the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution in 1983, the focus will move to the analysis of the 2013 Act. The assessment will be twofold. On the one hand, at a national level, the alleged shortcomings of its practical impact will be illustrated. On the other hand, at the international level, the legislation will be evaluated in the light of its compliance with the Irish obligations under International Human Rights Law. Finally, it will be concluded that the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act has to be welcomed, since it fills a thirty-year lasting legislative gap, but it falls short of human rights requirements and does not bring any major practical improvement in the majority of women’s lives.
The Relationship between Age, Gender and Self-Assessed Leadership Potential
Creators: name: Tresh, Fatima
name: Randsley de Moura, Georgina
name: Steeden, Ben
name: Leite, Ana
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: age
subject: gender
subject: Leadership potential

description: This correlational study aims to examine whether endorsement of gender/age stereotypes mediates the relationship between gender/age and self-perceptions of leadership potential