cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effects of [mu]-opioids on neurons of the medical geniculate nucleus
Creators: name: Ota, Takayo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Immunohistochemical and hybridization studies have revealed the presence of μ-, but not k- and δ-opioid receptors in the medial geniculate body. Using whole-cell patch clamp techniques, I examined the effects of opioid agonists on gerbil MGB neurons (P9-P16) in vitro. The opioid effects were concentration-dependent. Opioids produced different actions on the input conductance (G[sub i]) when applied in low, compared with high concentrations. The increase in G[sub i] might be due to increase in K⁺ conductance whereas the decrease in G[sub i] might be due to l[sub H] inactivation. When Gi was increased, the reversal potential was —65 mV; this implicates opioid actions on K+ , among other ion channels. In the case of decreased G[sub i], the opioid currents did not reverse from -100 mV to -50 mV, implying the involvement of cationic channels, other than K⁺ . DAMGO, a μ-selective opioid agonist, had a reversal potential that was similar to that observed when morphine increased G[sub i], implying that opioids activate u-opioid receptors in MGB neurons. Tetrodotoxin altered the concentration-dependent action of morphine. Here, the suggestion is morphine's actions involve neurons that presynaptic to the patch clamped neuron. Morphine application blocked spike-frequency adaptation and reduced firing rates in response to depolarizing current pulse injection. Morphine application may block Ca²⁺-mediated K⁺ channels that inhibited spike-frequency adaptation. Such blockade may be expected to increase the spike frequency. However, the increased conductance due to morphine would shunt the Na⁺ current, resulting in a lower spike frequency. The results of this study have revealed that opioids have both excitatory and inhibitory effects on MGB neurons.
The Role of Time, Weather and Google Trends in Understanding and Predicting Web Survey Response
Creators: name: Fang, Qixiang
name: Burger, Joep
name: Meijers, Ralph
name: van Berkel, Kees
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the literature about web survey methodology, significant efforts have been made to understand the role of time-invariant factors (e.g. gender, education and marital status) in (non-)response mechanisms. Time-invariant factors alone, however, cannot account for most variations in (non-)responses, especially fluctuations of response rates over time. This observation inspires us to investigate the counterpart of time-invariant factors, namely time-varying factors and the potential role they play in web survey (non-)response. Specifically, we study the effects of time, weather and societal trends (derived from Google Trends data) on the daily (non-)response patterns of the 2016 and 2017 Dutch Health Surveys. Using discrete-time survival analysis, we find, among others, that weekends, holidays, pleasant weather, disease outbreaks and terrorism salience are associated with fewer responses. Furthermore, we show that using these variables alone achieves satisfactory prediction accuracy of both daily and cumulative response rates when the trained model is applied to future unseen data. This approach has the further benefit of requiring only non-personal contextual information and thus involving no privacy issues. We discuss the implications of the study for survey research and data collection.
description: Published in Survey Research Methods. See https://ojs.ub.uni-konstanz.de/srm/article/view/7633
On the symmetry breaking phenomenon
Creators: name: Birtea, Petre
name: Puta, Mircea
name: Ratiu, Tudor S.
name: Tudoran, Răzvan Micu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34A26; 37J20

description: We investigate the problem of symmetry breaking in the framework of dynamical systems with symmetry on a smooth manifold. Two cases will be analyzed: general and Hamiltonian dynamical systems. We give sufficient conditions for symmetry breaking in both cases.
FARM BUSINESS GOALS AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
Creators: name: Stark, Christopher E.
name: Moss, Leeann E.
name: Hahn, David E.
name: Stark, Christopher E.
name: Moss, Leeann E.
name: Hahn, David E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Farm Management

description: This paper investigates empirically the relationship between both farm business goals and sources of competitive advantage, and various farm and producer characteristics using new primary data collected from a survey of Ohio farmers. Results show that most farmers do not recognize sources of competitive advantage and practice strategy implementation beyond reliance on longstanding paradigms for success within the context of government farm program support and the use of traditional risk management tools. However, several key insights emerge. Farmers who engage in cost leadership strategies are more profitable. Farmers who suggest that the goal of their farming operation is to enhance profitability/efficiency use more management tools, while lifestyle farmers use fewer. Larger farmers are more apt to engage in a cost leadership strategy, while those with higher debt-to-asset ratios and those that are more livestock oriented are more likely to engage in differentiation or focus strategies. Smaller farmers and those that produce specialty or value-added crops are more likely to focus on a particular niche market. Lastly, the use of the Internet as part of the farming operation does not influence the probability of engaging in any particular business strategy. It is apparent that the government farm program has contributed to a strategic where few producers have an explicit or implicit farm business strategy beyond "working the program" and acting as price takers. Or if a strategic choice is apparent, it rests primarily with cost leadership.
Detection of the effect of cosmological large-scale structure on the orientation of galaxies
Creators: name: Trujillo, Ignacio
name: Carretero, Conrado
name: Patiri, Santiago G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxies are not distributed randomly throughout space but are instead arranged in an intricate "cosmic web" of filaments and walls surrounding bubble-like voids. There is still no compelling observational evidence of a link between the structure of the cosmic web and how galaxies form within it. However, such a connection is expected on the basis of our understanding of the origin of galaxy angular momentum: disk galaxies should be highly inclined relative to the plane defined by the large-scale structure surrounding them. Using the two largest galaxy redshift surveys currently in existence (2dFGRS and SDSS) we show at the 99.7% confident level that these alignments do indeed exist: spiral galaxies located on the shells of the largest cosmic voids have rotation axes that lie preferentially on the void surface.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters; Face-on galaxies included and improved discussion on statistical methods; High resolution figures will be published in the Journal version
Classical symmetries and the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm
Creators: name: Shaydulin, Ruslan
name: Hadfield, Stuart
name: Hogg, Tad
name: Safro, Ilya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the relationship between the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) and the underlying symmetries of the objective function to be optimized. Our approach formalizes the connection between quantum symmetry properties of the QAOA dynamics and the group of classical symmetries of the objective function. The connection is general and includes but is not limited to problems defined on graphs. We show a series of results exploring the connection and highlight examples of hard problem classes where a nontrivial symmetry subgroup can be obtained efficiently. In particular we show how classical objective function symmetries lead to invariant measurement outcome probabilities across states connected by such symmetries, independent of the choice of algorithm parameters or number of layers. To illustrate the power of the developed connection, we apply machine learning techniques towards predicting QAOA performance based on symmetry considerations. We provide numerical evidence that a small set of graph symmetry properties suffices to predict the minimum QAOA depth required to achieve a target approximation ratio on the MaxCut problem, in a practically important setting where QAOA parameter schedules are constrained to be linear and hence easier to optimize.
End-to-end Simulation of the SCALES Integral Field Spectrograph
Creators: name: Briesemeister, Zackery
name: Sallum, Steph
name: Skemer, Andrew
name: Stelter, R. Deno
name: Hinz, Philip
name: Brandt, Timothy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present end-to-end simulations of SCALES, the third generation thermal-infrared diffraction limited imager and low/med-resolution integral field spectrograph (IFS) being designed for Keck. The 2-5 micron sensitivity of SCALES enables detection and characterization of a wide variety of exoplanets, including exoplanets detected through long-baseline astrometry, radial-velocity planets on wide orbits, accreting protoplanets in nearby star-forming regions, and reflected-light planets around the nearest stars. The simulation goal is to generate high-fidelity mock data to assess the scientific capabilities of the SCALES instrument at current and future design stages. The simulation processes arbitrary-resolution input intensity fields with a proposed observation pattern into an entire mock dataset of raw detector read-out lenslet-based IFS frames with calibrations and metadata, which are then reduced by the IFS data reduction pipeline to be analyzed by the user.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers
Electron reflectivity measurements of Ag adatom concentrations on W(110)
Creators: name: de la Figuera, J.
name: Bartelt, N. C.
name: McCarty, K. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The density of two-dimensional Ag adatom gases on W(110) is determined by monitoring local electron reflectivity using low energy electron microscopy (LEEM). This method of adatom concentration measurement can detect changes in adatom density at least as small as 10$^{-3}$ ML for a $μ$m size region of the surface. Using this technique at high temperatures, we measure the sublimation rates of Ag adatoms on W(110). At lower temperatures, where Ag adatoms condense into monolayer islands, we determine the temperature dependence of the density of adatoms coexisting with this condensed phase and compare it with previous estimates.
description: Presented at the ECOSS 23 Conference (Berlin 2005)
FARM FIRM MICRO-ECONOMETRIC MODELLING:EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM RUSSIAN DAIRY FARMING
Creators: name: Bezlepkina, Irina V.
name: Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.
name: Oskam, Arie J.
name: Bezlepkina, Irina V.
name: Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.
name: Oskam, Arie J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: This study develops a micro econometric model of specialised dairy farms in Moscow Region using panel data over the period 1995-1998. The model is used to analyse the role of input and output subsidies in the on-farm decision making. Theoretical conditions for short term profit maximization and the fixed effect specification are not rejected by the data. Estimates of the parameters related to input and output subsidies are found to be highly significant. The effect of output subsidies on milk output supply is larger then the price effect. Output subsidies are allocated efficiently in the period 1996-1998 and inefficiently in 1995; input subsidies are allocated efficiently in 1995 and inefficiently in 1996-1998.
Policies for social innovation: The example of social farming
Creators: name: Alice, Ludvig
name: Weiss Gerhard
name: Zivojinovic Ivana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Institutions
regulations
participation
policy impact directions

description: Policy impacts on social innovation can have two directions: one is the implication and impact that a policy has on the Social Innovation, and the other is vice-versa and concerns the impact that Social Innovation can have on policies. The paper outines implications, impacts and roles that policies can have for specific cases of Social Innovation with the example of social farming. Interesting, social farming shows how impacts from a Social Innovation to Policy become prevalent i) when a new/specific policy gets triggered by the Social Innovation, defined as a direct policy implication; and ii) the policy implications of Social Innovation for other policies and for the political framework. Both is found in the case of new social farming regulations in Europe which were created after the social farming movement emerged and sought recognition. The first initiative for coherent policy frames was the “Witzenhausen Position paper on the Added Value of Social Farming” in 2017 that had an impact on EU level. Today, there are different versions and stages of implementation of social farming across Europe and the paper will assess and discuss their particular relevance.
Iron depletion in the hot bubbles in planetary nebulae
Creators: name: Georgiev, Leonid N.
name: Richer, Michael G.
name: Arrieta, Anabel
name: Zhekov, Svetozar A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have searched for the emission from \fex and \fexiv that is expected from the gas emitting in diffuse X-rays in \bd, NGC 6543, NGC 7009, and NGC 7027. Neither line was detected in any object. Models that fit the X-ray spectra of these objects indicate that the \fex emission should be below our detection thresholds, but the predicted \fexiv emission exceeds our observed upper limits (one sigma) by factors of at least 3.5 to 12. The best explanation for the absence of \fexiv is that the X-ray plasma is depleted in iron. In principle, this result provides a clear chemical signature that may be used to determine the origin of the X-ray gas in either the nebular gas or the stellar wind. At present, though various lines of evidence appear to favour a nebular origin, the lack of atmospheric and nebular iron abundances in the objects studied here precludes a definitive conclusion.
description: 23 pages, 4 figures
ROLE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL IN ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Creators: name: Otto, Daniel M.
name: Tirmizi, Syed Noor
name: Ryan, Vern
name: Otto, Daniel M.
name: Tirmizi, Syed Noor
name: Ryan, Vern
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: This research examines the relationship of social capital, measured at the community level, to community and economic development outcomes. We empirically examine the independent influence of social capital on development outcomes as well as social capital's interactive effect with other community characteristics including human capital, economic, and locational factors.
IMPACTS OF INCOME CHANGES AND MODEL SPECIFICATION ON FOOD DEMAND IN URBAN CHINA
Creators: name: Liu, Kang Ernest
name: Chern, Wen S.
name: Liu, Kang Ernest
name: Chern, Wen S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: Functional form specification is a crucial task in demand analysis. Four food demand systems for 12 aggregated food items in urban China are estimated and compared using province level data for the period 1992-1999. The results show the expenditure elasticities especially for grain are different based on the functional form selection. According to the measures of forecasting accuracy, we conclude the following: for ex post simulation, the simpler the models, the better the performances, whereas for ex ante forecasting, the more complicated the model, the better the predictions. We further conclude that the LES and QES outperform the LA/AIDS and AIDS. Therefore, model selection should depend on the study purpose. In addition, as urban Chinese household income increases, they will consume more aquatic products, poultry and milk than other foods. This potential trend will certainly benefit the fishery and livestock industries as well as feed grain producers in China or other countries such as Taiwan. However, high own-price elasticities of these three food groups suggest that the profitability of suppliers and traders is very sensitive to price changes.
The Effect of Positivity Constraints on Polarized Parton Densities
Creators: name: Leader, Elliot
name: Sidorov, Aleksander V.
name: Stamenov, Dimiter B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The impact of positivity constraints on the polarized parton densities has been studied. Special attention has been paid to the role of positivity constraints in determining the polarized strange quark and gluon densities, which are not well determined from the present data on inclusive polarized DIS.
description: To appear in the Proceedings of 13th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering, April, 27 - May, 1, 2005, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 4 pages, 3 figures
UNTYING A LANCASTRIAN BUNDLE: ECOSYSTEM VALUATION IN WETLAND MITIGATION
Creators: name: Hoehn, John P.
name: Lupi, Frank
name: Kaplowitz, Michael D.
name: Hoehn, John P.
name: Lupi, Frank
name: Kaplowitz, Michael D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: A utility-theoretic model indicates that mitigation prices for wetland ecosystems depend on preferences and technical knowledge. Empirical analysis found gaps in respondents' knowledge about such ecosystmes. Valuing wetland types requires dealing with respondents' possible misinformation, by developing tools for informing respondents or by combining service-based valuations with valid technical data.
Long range action in networks of chaotic elements
Creators: name: Blank, Michael
name: Bunimovich, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37A50; 37A60; 82C20

description: We show that under certain simple assumptions on the topology (structure) of networks of strongly interacting chaotic elements a phenomenon of long range action takes place, namely that the asymptotic (as time goes to infinity) dynamics of an arbitrary large network is completely determined by its boundary conditions. This phenomenon takes place under very mild and robust assumptions on local dynamics with short range interactions. However, we show that it is unstable with respect to arbitrarily weak local random perturbations.
description: 15 pages
PROMOTING MULTIFUNCTIONALITY WHILE MINIMIZING TRADE DISTORTION EFFECTS: THE RELATIVE MERITS OF TRADITIONAL POLICY INSTRUMENTS
Creators: name: Gohin, Alexandre
name: Guyomard, Herve
name: Le Mouel, Chantal
name: Gohin, Alexandre
name: Guyomard, Herve
name: Le Mouel, Chantal
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: In relation to the growing debate around multifunctionality, this paper attempts to classify alternative measures of agricultural income support according to their ability in achieving three policy objectives (supporting agricultural income, promoting positive externalities and reducing negative ones) as well as to their induced trade distortion effects. Four income support programs are considered: a production-linked payment program, a land-based payment program and two decoupled payment programs. Their effectiveness as regards to the three policy objectives and their relatives induce trade distortion effects are examined on an equal cost/support basis through a conceptual framework that allows for free entry in the sector and the land price to adjust endogenously. Analytical results show clearly that no program uniformly dominates others. They also allow to identify the key parameters that have a substantial bearing on the relative merits of these programs.
An automatic multi-tissue human fetal brain segmentation benchmark using the Fetal Tissue Annotation Dataset
Creators: name: Payette, Kelly
name: de Dumast, Priscille
name: Kebiri, Hamza
name: Ezhov, Ivan
name: Paetzold, Johannes C.
name: Shit, Suprosanna
name: Iqbal, Asim
name: Khan, Romesa
name: Kottke, Raimund
name: Grehten, Patrice
name: Ji, Hui
name: Lanczi, Levente
name: Nagy, Marianna
name: Beresova, Monika
name: Nguyen, Thi Dao
name: Natalucci, Giancarlo
name: Karayannis, Theofanis
name: Menze, Bjoern
name: Cuadra, Meritxell Bach
name: Jakab, Andras
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is critical to quantitatively analyse the developing human fetal brain in order to fully understand neurodevelopment in both normal fetuses and those with congenital disorders. To facilitate this analysis, automatic multi-tissue fetal brain segmentation algorithms are needed, which in turn requires open databases of segmented fetal brains. Here we introduce a publicly available database of 50 manually segmented pathological and non-pathological fetal magnetic resonance brain volume reconstructions across a range of gestational ages (20 to 33 weeks) into 7 different tissue categories (external cerebrospinal fluid, grey matter, white matter, ventricles, cerebellum, deep grey matter, brainstem/spinal cord). In addition, we quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of several automatic multi-tissue segmentation algorithms of the developing human fetal brain. Four research groups participated, submitting a total of 10 algorithms, demonstrating the benefits the database for the development of automatic algorithms.
description: This is a preprint of an article published in Nature Scientific Data. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00946-3
Competing visions of equality and identity : Quebec’s Bill 101 and federal language policy
Creators: name: Patel, Nazeer
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Language has become a central feature of the debate surrounding Canadian identity. The Canadian project is an example of a state struggling to find a means of accommodating linguistic difference. This struggle is epitomized by the language legislation in Quebec as well as by federal bilingualism. Language legislation is ultimately aimed at promoting and protecting identity. An examination of language legislation as promoted by Quebec and the federal government reveals a different orientation toward the concept of equality. Language policy thus presents both a vision of community and a political argument. Federal language policy promotes a vision of Canada in which English and French are juridically equal. Politically, this vision of community denies Quebec is distinct. Quebec's language policy, on the other hand, asserts the importance of protecting Quebecois culture against the majoritarian impulses of a larger Canadian identity. As a result, Quebec's language legislation incorporates Quebec's different position in Canada into a definition of equality. Recognition that Quebec has a right to protect its language is tantamount to an acknowledgement that Quebec is a distinct society in Canada. The language debate thus embodies competing visions of equality that relate to a specific identity. The national unity issue plaguing Canada cannot be resolved through a commitment to equality as similar treatment. The problem of language planning, in Canada, revolves around finding a way to acknowledge and promote the local aspirations of the Quebecois, without creating an inequitable language environment for the English linguistic minority in Quebec.
IMPACT OF VERTICAL MERGERS ON FOOD INDUSTRY PROFITABILITY: AN EMPIRICAL EVALUATION
Creators: name: Bhuyan, Sanjib
name: Bhuyan, Sanjib
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: vertical integration
subject: mergers
subject: market performance
subject: industry profitability

description: Vertical integration is an important business strategy among firms in the U.S. food industries. Our objective is to test one of the perceived benefits of vertical integration - improved profitability of the integrated firm. Findings show that increased vertical mergers in food industries would lower profits.
Gravitational Waves from Dark Yang-Mills Sectors
Creators: name: Halverson, James
name: Long, Cody
name: Maiti, Anindita
name: Nelson, Brent
name: Salinas, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark Yang-Mills sectors, which are ubiquitous in the string landscape, may be reheated above their critical temperature and subsequently go through a confining first-order phase transition that produces stochastic gravitational waves in the early universe. Taking into account constraints from lattice and from Yang-Mills (center and Weyl) symmetries, we use a phenomenological model to construct an effective potential of the semi quark-gluon plasma phase, from which we compute the gravitational wave signal produced during confinement for numerous gauge groups. The signal is maximized when the dark sector dominates the energy density of the universe at the time of the phase transition. In that case, we find that it is within reach of the next-to-next generation of experiments (BBO, DECIGO) for a range of dark confinement scales near the weak scale.
A Principle of Regulating the Collective Effect of Assembling Patterns in a Moderate Number of Equivalent Finite Regular Arrays of Active Nanoelements due to Local Transferring Information by Pairs Hopping under Synchronous Excitation
Creators: name: Kozlowski, Wlodzimierz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One elucidates specific findings of our recent computational study, arxiv.org/cond-mat/0307215 with the purpose to reveal a prospect of relevant feasibility research on regulating the process of assembling nano-sized elements into functional materials and systems. This is thought to contribute to solving the task of obtaining systems that being composed from nanoelements would have even macroscopic sizes while preserving required stability as well as designing such adaptive systems. In this respect, one explains inferences drawn from our findings that have shown that accomplishing the collective effect (CE) of assembling the active nano-elements into functional quasi two dimensional patterns over finite surfaces within a number, M of subsystems, being of the same type but different in details, may be regulated by changing the ambient conditions. This regulation of the CE requires that the immobile nano-elements, arranged into regular array over the surface, are to be activated due to local information transfer realized by hopping nano-sized elements, each represented by a pair of its ends only: sending end and the receiving one; two neighbor sites of the array identify position of that pair. Then, the CE may be regulated by varying the number M, a common forcing factor and efficiency of projecting the regularity of the array onto the CE.
description: Presented with the kind permission granted by the Nano Science and Technology Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A. http://nsti.org ; 4 pages, PDF only
ECONOMICALLY OPTIMAL WILDFIRE INTERVENTION REGIMES
Creators: name: Prestemon, Jeffrey P.
name: Mercer, D. Evan
name: Pye, John M.
name: Butry, David T.
name: Holmes, Thomas P.
name: Abt, Karen L.
name: Prestemon, Jeffrey P.
name: Mercer, D. Evan
name: Pye, John M.
name: Butry, David T.
name: Holmes, Thomas P.
name: Abt, Karen L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Wildfires in the United States result in total damages and costs that are likely to exceed billions of dollars annually. Land managers and policy makers propose higher rates of prescribed burning and other kinds of vegetation management to reduce amounts of wildfire and the risks of catastrophic losses. A wildfire public welfare maximization function, using a wildfire production function estimated using a time series model of a panel of Florida counties, is employed to simulate the publicly optimal level of prescribed burning in an example county in Florida (Volusia). Evaluation of the production function reveals that prescribed fire is not associated with reduced catastrophic wildfire risks in Volusia County Florida, indicating a short-run elasticity of -0.16 and a long-run elasticity of wildfire with respect to prescribed fire of -0.07. Stochastic dominance is used to evaluate the optimal amount of prescribed fire most likely to maximize a measure of public welfare. Results of that analysis reveal that the optimal amount of annual prescribed fire is about 3 percent (9,000 acres/year) of the total forest area, which is very close to the actual average amount of prescribed burning (12,700 acres/year) between 1994-99.
AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AND PRODUCTIVITY IN THE FORMER SOVIET REPUBLICS
Creators: name: Lerman, Zvi
name: Kislev, Yoav
name: Kriss, Alon
name: Biton, David
name: Lerman, Zvi
name: Kislev, Yoav
name: Kriss, Alon
name: Biton, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Productivity Analysis

description: The paper reviews agricultural development in the fifteen former Soviet republics over the period 1965-1998. Production functions are estimated and productivity differences and changes calculated. Large differences were found in terms of productivity and growth between the republics. The differences grew after 1990 reflecting variation in reform policies.
How and Why to Use Experimental Data to Evaluate Methods for Observational Causal Inference
Creators: name: Gentzel, Amanda
name: Pruthi, Purva
name: Jensen, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Methods that infer causal dependence from observational data are central to many areas of science, including medicine, economics, and the social sciences. A variety of theoretical properties of these methods have been proven, but empirical evaluation remains a challenge, largely due to the lack of observational data sets for which treatment effect is known. We describe and analyze observational sampling from randomized controlled trials (OSRCT), a method for evaluating causal inference methods using data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This method can be used to create constructed observational data sets with corresponding unbiased estimates of treatment effect, substantially increasing the number of data sets available for empirical evaluation of causal inference methods. We show that, in expectation, OSRCT creates data sets that are equivalent to those produced by randomly sampling from empirical data sets in which all potential outcomes are available. We then perform a large-scale evaluation of seven causal inference methods over 37 data sets, drawn from RCTs, as well as simulators, real-world computational systems, and observational data sets augmented with a synthetic response variable. We find notable performance differences when comparing across data from different sources, demonstrating the importance of using data from a variety of sources when evaluating any causal inference method.
RATIONED ACCESS AND WELFARE: CASE OF PUBLIC RESOURCE LOTTERIES
Creators: name: Scrogin, David
name: Berrens, Robert P.
name: Scrogin, David
name: Berrens, Robert P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Pressures on natural resource stocks and habitats on public lands and waterways are resulting increasingly in the rationing of public access by lottery. Upon accounting for the uncertainties of random rationing, discrete choice models lend themselves to analyzing participation in public resource lotteries and estimating welfare changes. Key to the modeling is the estimation of individual-specific expected access-probabilities. In the application we model the discrete choices of more than 18,000 participants in a lottery system for harvest rights. Welfare estimates are obtained from simulated policy changes affecting individually and jointly the access probability and indirect utility.
59Co-NMR Knight Shift of Superconducting Three-Layer NaxCoO2.yH2O
Creators: name: Watanabe, H.
name: Kobayashi, Y.
name: Sato, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The superconducting state of NaxCoO2.yH2O with three CoO2 layers in a unit cell has been studied by 59Co-NMR. The Knight shift measured for a peak of the NMR spectra corresponding to the external magnetic field H along one of the principal directions within the CoO2 plane, exhibits a rapid decrease with decreasing temperature T below the superconducting transition temperature Tc, indicating that the spin susceptibility is suppressed in the superconducting phase, at least, for this field direction. Because differences of the superconducting properties are rather small between this three-layer NaxCoO2.yH2O and previously reported NaxCoO2.yH2O with two CoO2 layers within a unit cell, the present result of the Knight shift studies indicates that the Cooper pairs of the former system are in the singlet state as in the latter, for which the spin susceptibility is suppressed for both directions of H parallel and perpendicular to the CoO2 plane.
description: 5 pages
Bringing the forest back to life
Creators: name: Nijnik Maria
name: Sarkki Simo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Social innovation
forest

description: Forests provide a long list of benefits to people. Sustainable use of forests contributes to the well-being of local communities. It helps them tackle challenges and address the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Sustainability in forest use is enhanced by regulations and improved by market incentives and policy instruments. These instruments, however, may overlook the realities of forest-dependent communities. The promotion of social innovation can assist in addressing sustainability by complementing other policy instruments.
The New European Bauhaus Academy: training professionals in biobased construction, renovation and urban transformation. Launch of the first NEB Academy Hubs
Creators: name: NEBA Alliance
Publisher: name: University of Primorska, NEBAP Hub
Year: 2024

description: Press release - Tallinn, Estonia, 9 October 2024

The NEB Academy is the flagship initiative of the European Commission set out to accelerate the up- and re-skilling of construction professionals. A network of training hubs is being established across Europe to connect regional competencies and facilitate access to latest training formats and learning contents on sustainability, circularity and bio-based materials. Its mission is to train, upskill, and reskill the construction ecosystem to achieve carbon neutrality and a beautiful, sustainable, and inclusive transformation of the built environment.
Distribution Amplitudes of $K^*$ and $ϕ$ at Physical Pion Mass from Lattice QCD
Creators: name: Hua, Jun
name: Chu, Min-Huan
name: Sun, Peng
name: Wang, Wei
name: Xu, Ji
name: Yang, Yi-Bo
name: Zhang, Jian-Hui
name: Zhang, Qi-An
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first lattice QCD calculation of the distribution amplitudes of longitudinally and transversely polarized vector mesons $K^*$ and $ϕ$ using large momentum effective theory. We use the clover fermion action on three ensembles with 2+1+1 flavors of highly improved staggered quarks (HISQ) action, generated by MILC collaboration, at physical pion mass and \{0.06, 0.09, 0.12\} fm lattice spacings, and choose three different hadron momenta $P_z=\{1.29, 1.72, 2.15\}$ GeV. The resulting lattice matrix elements are nonperturbatively renormalized in a hybrid scheme proposed recently. An extrapolation to the continuum and infinite momentum limit is carried out. We find that while the longitudinal distribution amplitudes tend to be close to the asymptotic form, the transverse ones deviate rather significantly from the asymptotic form. Our final results provide crucial {\it ab initio} theory inputs for analyzing pertinent exclusive processes.
description: 6+3 pages; 5 + 6 figures; v2: 7+6 pages, expanded discussions
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Schwach, Conrad Nicolai
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1840

description: Spør på prof. Chr. Holmboes vegne om VS vil overlate en Karl den store-mynt i bytte mot bl.a. en kong Sverre-mynt
Sphenix: Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics for the next generation of galaxy formation simulations
Creators: name: Borrow, Josh
name: Schaller, Matthieu
name: Bower, Richard G.
name: Schaye, Joop
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a ubiquitous numerical method for solving the fluid equations, and is prized for its conservation properties, natural adaptivity, and simplicity. We introduce the Sphenix SPH scheme, which was designed with three key goals in mind: to work well with sub-grid physics modules that inject energy, be highly computationally efficient (both in terms of compute and memory), and to be Lagrangian. Sphenix uses a Density-Energy equation of motion, along with variable artificial viscosity and conduction, including limiters designed to work with common sub-grid models of galaxy formation. In particular, we present and test a novel limiter that prevents conduction across shocks, preventing spurious radiative losses in feedback events. Sphenix is shown to solve many difficult test problems for traditional SPH, including fluid mixing and vorticity conservation, and it is shown to produce convergent behaviour in all tests where this is appropriate. Crucially, we use the same parameters within Sphenix for the various switches throughout, to demonstrate the performance of the scheme as it would be used in production simulations.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
FUV Scattering by Dust in Orion
Creators: name: Shalima, P.
name: Sujatha, N. V.
name: Murthy, Jayant
name: Henry, Richard Conn
name: Sahnow, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have modelled diffuse far-ultraviolet spectrum observed by FUSE near M42 as scattering of starlight from the Trapezium stars by dust in front of the nebula. The dust grains are known to be anomalous in Orion with Rv = 5.5 and these are the first measurements of the FUV optical properties of the grains outside of ``normal'' Milky Way dust. We find an albedo varying from 0.3 $\pm$ 0.1 at 912 Åto 0.5 $\pm$ 0.2 at 1020 Åwhich is consistent with theoretical predictions.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Monocular 3D Object Detection with Sequential Feature Association and Depth Hint Augmentation
Creators: name: Gao, Tianze
name: Pan, Huihui
name: Gao, Huijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Monocular 3D object detection, with the aim of predicting the geometric properties of on-road objects, is a promising research topic for the intelligent perception systems of autonomous driving. Most state-of-the-art methods follow a keypoint-based paradigm, where the keypoints of objects are predicted and employed as the basis for regressing the other geometric properties. In this work, a unified network named as FADNet is presented to address the task of monocular 3D object detection. In contrast to previous keypoint-based methods, we propose to divide the output modalities into different groups according to the estimation difficulty of object properties. Different groups are treated differently and sequentially associated by a convolutional Gated Recurrent Unit. Another contribution of this work is the strategy of depth hint augmentation. To provide characterized depth patterns as hints for depth estimation, a dedicated depth hint module is designed to generate row-wise features named as depth hints, which are explicitly supervised in a bin-wise manner. The contributions of this work are validated by conducting experiments and ablation study on the KITTI benchmark. Without utilizing depth priors, post optimization, or other refinement modules, our network performs competitively against state-of-the-art methods while maintaining a decent running speed.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures. This paper has been accepted by IEEE Transactions of Intelligent Vehicles. Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/TIV.2022.3143954
Vortex Chains in Anisotropic Superconductors
Creators: name: Bending, Simon J.
name: Dodgson, Matthew J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-T_c superconductors in small magnetic fields directed away from the crystal symmetry axes have been found to exhibit inhomogeneous chains of flux lines (vortices), in contrast to the usual regular triangular flux-line lattice. We review the experimental observations of these chains, and summarize the theoretical background that explains their appearance. We treat separately two classes of chains: those that appear in superconductors with moderate anisotropy due to an attractive part of the interaction between tilted flux lines, and those with high anisotropy where the tilted magnetic flux is created by two independent and perpendicular crossing lattices. In the second case it is the indirect attraction between a flux line along the layers (Josephson vortex) and a flux line perpendicular to the layers (pancake vortex stack) that leads to the formation of chains of the pancake vortex stacks. This complex system contains a rich variety of phenomena, with several different equilibrium phases, and an extraordinary dynamic interplay between the two sets of crossing vortices. We compare the theoretical predictions of these phenomena with the experimental observations made to date. We also contrast the different techniques used to make these observations. While it is clear that this system forms a wonderful playground for probing the formation of structures with competing interactions, we conclude that there are important practical implications of the vortex chains that appear in highly anisotropic superconductors.
description: Topical review for Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter; large pdf file 1.9Mb
A Lie algebra based approach to asymptotic symmetries in general relativity
Creators: name: Tomitsuka, Takeshi
name: Yamaguchi, Koji
name: Hotta, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Asymptotic symmetries of black hole spacetimes have received much attention as a possible origin of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy in black hole thermodynamics. In general, it takes hard efforts to find appropriate asymptotic conditions on a metric and a Lie algebra generating the transformation of symmetries with which the corresponding charges are integrable. We here propose an alternative approach to construct building blocks of asymptotic symmetries of a given spacetime metric. Our algorithmic approach may make it easier to explore asymptotic symmetries in any spacetime than in conventional approaches. As an explicit application, we analyze the asymptotic symmetries on Rindler horizon. We find a new class of symmetries related with dilatation transformations in time and in the direction perpendicular to the horizon, which we term superdilatations.
description: 29 pages, 3 figures, published ver. in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Kinetic Limit for Wave Propagation in a Random Medium
Creators: name: Lukkarinen, Jani
name: Spohn, Herbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82D30; 80M40; 74J20

description: We study crystal dynamics in the harmonic approximation. The atomic masses are weakly disordered, in the sense that their deviation from uniformity is of order epsilon^(1/2). The dispersion relation is assumed to be a Morse function and to suppress crossed recollisions. We then prove that in the limit epsilon to 0 the disorder averaged Wigner function on the kinetic scale, time and space of order epsilon^(-1), is governed by a linear Boltzmann equation.
description: 71 pages, 3 figures
Enhancement of hyperon production at central rapidity in 158 A GeV/c Pb-Pb collisions
Creators: name: NA57 Collaboration
name: Antinori, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results are presented on hyperon and antihyperon production in Pb-Pb, pPb and pBe collisions at 158 GeV/c per nucleon. Lambda, Xi and Omega yields have been measured at central rapidity and medium transverse momentum as functions of the centrality of the collision. Comparing the yields in Pb-Pb to those in pBe interactions, strangeness enhancement is observed. The enhancement increases with the centrality and with the strangeness content of the hyperons, reaching a factor of about 20 for the Omega in the central Pb-Pb collisions.
description: submitted to J. Phys. G.: Nucl. Part. Phys