cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Radiative thermal diode via hyperbolic metamaterials
Creators: name: Li, Qizhang
name: He, Haiyu
name: Chen, Qun
name: Song, Bai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) support propagating waves with arbitrarily large wavevectors over broad spectral ranges, and are uniquely valuable for engineering radiative thermal transport in the near field. Here, by employing a rational design approach based on the electromagnetic local density of states, we demonstrate the ability of HMMs to substantially rectify radiative heat flow. Our idea is to establish a forward-biased scenario where the two HMM-based terminals of a thermal diode feature overlapped hyperbolic bands which result in a large heat current, and suppress the reverse heat flow by creating spectrally mismatched density of states as the temperature bias is flipped. As an example, we present a few high-performance thermal diodes by pairing HMMs made of polar dielectrics and metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) materials in the form of periodic nanowire arrays, and considering three representative kinds of substrates. Upon optimization, we theoretically achieve a rectification ratio of 324 at a 100 nm gap, which remains greater than 148 for larger gap sizes up to 1 um over a wide temperature range. The maximum rectification represents an almost 1000-fold increase compared to a bulk diode using the same materials, and is twice that of state-of-the-art designs. Our work highlights the potential of HMMs for rectifying radiative heat flow, and may find applications in advanced thermal management and energy conversion systems.
title: The Trade Show: A Living Marketing Phenomenon
Creators: name: Fjeldsted, Russell F.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1969

description: In the first chapter of the Book of Esther, we are told of an exhibition created by King Ahasuerus. In the third year of his reign he staged a huge fair to display "the riches of his glorious Kingdom and the honor of his excellent Majesty." This event was a forerunner of today's world fair. It lasted "many days, even an hundred and fourscore days." Interestingly enough, that span equals exactly a current world's fair season.
Prophet Ezekiel in the ancient city of Tyre makes mention of its markets where wares were displayed--silver, iron, tin, horses, mules, precious stones, gold and fine linens. Traders came from all over the Biblical world to examine the products on display and buy the wares.
title: A Graduate Recital Report
Creators: name: Muirhead, Richard J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1970

description: DICHTERLIEBE - Robert Schumann. The song cycle, Dichterliebe, was written during the time Robert Schumann was contemplating marriage to Clara Wieck. Schumann’s sensitive music and the poetry of Heinrich Heine combine to make an exquisite expression of the frustration involved in a courtship.
Visible Watermark Removal via Self-calibrated Localization and Background Refinement
Creators: name: Liang, Jing
name: Niu, Li
name: Guo, Fengjun
name: Long, Teng
name: Zhang, Liqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: I.4

description: Superimposing visible watermarks on images provides a powerful weapon to cope with the copyright issue. Watermark removal techniques, which can strengthen the robustness of visible watermarks in an adversarial way, have attracted increasing research interest. Modern watermark removal methods perform watermark localization and background restoration simultaneously, which could be viewed as a multi-task learning problem. However, existing approaches suffer from incomplete detected watermark and degraded texture quality of restored background. Therefore, we design a two-stage multi-task network to address the above issues. The coarse stage consists of a watermark branch and a background branch, in which the watermark branch self-calibrates the roughly estimated mask and passes the calibrated mask to background branch to reconstruct the watermarked area. In the refinement stage, we integrate multi-level features to improve the texture quality of watermarked area. Extensive experiments on two datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
title: Hydro-electric Power in Brigham City, Utah: Its Growth and Development
Creators: name: Olsen, Reed Anderson
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1970

description: One of man's most useful servants is electrical power. Technological advances have made it the greatest source of industrial power we have in the world today. The evolution of electrical power paralleled the development of our great American economic system. Like the development of mechanization, the growth of power was a long, drawn-out process. Man power was replaced with water power; water power was replaced with team , electricity, oil and natural gas. Eventually these sources may be replaced with atomic power.
Although the steam engine was a vast improvement over water power, there continued a need for transmitting energy long distances. Electricity was the answer. Electric power meant a vast increase in the amount of power available for production and great savings in capital, resources, and space. The transformer needed to transmit electrical power over great distances was first perfected by George Westinghouse at the Chicago Exposition in 1893. The purpose of the transformer at the generating site is to boost the voltage so that the losses in the transmission lines will be minimized. The purpose of the transformer at the point of use is to reduce voltage to a safe operating level before it enters the circuit.
In 1877 Thomas A. Edison turned to the problem believed by some experts to be "insoluble," of subdividing electric current and leading it into incandescent lamps. This cask was larger than discovering an element which would glow in a vacuum bulb without quickly burning out; he had to invent a whole new system of conductors, meters, and generators. The critical date for the invention came not in 1879, when a carbonized thread in a bulb stayed incandescent for forty hours at Menlo Park, but 1882 when the central station at Pearl Street in New York was put into commercial operation.
The great abundance of water power in the western states caused great interest in the pioneering and use of hydro-electric power. The first hydro-electric power plant serving a distant market was located in Oregon City , Oregon. This plant provided Portland, located thirteen miles away, with electric power as early as 1889.
The electric power fever hit Utah just a few years later. The big movement started with the organizing of the Pioneer Electric Power Company in Ogden on November 27, 1893. The Mormon Church was very instrumental in the financing of this company. The object was to harness the power of the Ogden River. This was to be achieved by building a dam in Ogden Canyon and running the water through a pipeline to the plant which was to be located nearer to Ogden. This system was completed in 1897.
Although this was the first major system in Utah, there were a few small, local hydro-electric systems preceding the Pioneer Electric Power Company. The accompanying paper will explain the development and growth of one of these early systems.
Point-Based Neural Rendering with Per-View Optimization
Creators: name: Kopanas, Georgios
name: Philip, Julien
name: Leimkühler, Thomas
name: Drettakis, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There has recently been great interest in neural rendering methods. Some approaches use 3D geometry reconstructed with Multi-View Stereo (MVS) but cannot recover from the errors of this process, while others directly learn a volumetric neural representation, but suffer from expensive training and inference. We introduce a general approach that is initialized with MVS, but allows further optimization of scene properties in the space of input views, including depth and reprojected features, resulting in improved novel-view synthesis. A key element of our approach is our new differentiable point-based pipeline, based on bi-directional Elliptical Weighted Average splatting, a probabilistic depth test and effective camera selection. We use these elements together in our neural renderer, that outperforms all previous methods both in quality and speed in almost all scenes we tested. Our pipeline can be applied to multi-view harmonization and stylization in addition to novel-view synthesis.
description: https://repo-sam.inria.fr/fungraph/differentiable-multi-view/
Insertional mutagenesis strategies in zebrafish
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Animals
DNA Transposable Elements
Embryonic Stem Cells
Mutagenesis, Insertional
Retroviridae
Zebrafish

description: We review here some recent developments in the field of insertional mutagenesis in zebrafish. We highlight the advantages and limitations of the rich body of retroviral methodologies, and we focus on the mechanisms and concepts of new transposon-based mutagenesis approaches under development, including prospects for conditional 'gene trapping' and 'gene breaking' approaches. © 2007 BioMed Central Ltd.
Picosecond creation of switchable optomagnets with giant photoinduced Kerr rotations in polar antiferromagnetic (Fe$_{1-x}$Zn$_{x}$)$_{2}$Mo$_{3}$O$_{8}$
Creators: name: Sheu, Y. M.
name: Chang, Y. M.
name: Chang, C. P.
name: Li, Y. H.
name: Babu, K. R.
name: Guo, G. Y.
name: Kurumaji, T.
name: Tokura, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On-demand spin orientation with long polarized lifetime and easily detectable signal is an ultimate goal for spintronics. However, there still exists a trade-off between controllability and stability of spin polarization, awaiting a significant breakthrough. Here, we demonstrate switchable optomagnet effects in (Fe$_{1-x}$Zn$_{x}$)$_{2}$Mo$_{3}$O$_{8}$, from which we can obtain tunable magnetization, spanning from -40$\%$ to 40$\%$ of a saturated magnetization that is created from zero magnetization in the antiferromagnetic state without magnetic fields. It is accomplishable via utilizing circularly-polarized laser pulses to excite spin-flip transitions in polar antiferromagnets that have no spin canting, traditionally hard to control without very strong magnetic fields. The spin controllability in (Fe$_{1-x}$Zn$_{x}$)$_{2}$Mo$_{3}$O$_{8}$ originates from its polar structure that breaks the crystal inversion symmetry, allowing distinct on-site $d$-$d$ transitions for selective spin flip. By chemical doping, we exploit the phase competition between antiferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic states to enhance and stabilize the optomagnet effects, which result in long-lived photoinduced Kerr rotations. The present study, creating switchable giant optomagnet effects in polar antiferromagnets, sketches a new blueprint for the function of antiferromagnetic spintronics.
Nullomers: Really a matter of natural selection?
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Animals
Base Sequence
Cattle
CpG Islands
DNA
Dogs
Evolution, Molecular
Genome
Humans
Mice
Molecular Sequence Data
Mutation
Pan troglodytes
Selection, Genetic
Species Specificity

description: Background. Nullomers are short DNA sequences that are absent from the genomes of humans and other species. Assuming that nullomers are the signatures of natural selection against deleterious sequences in humans, the use of nullomers in drug target identification, pesticide development, environmental monitoring, and forensic applications has been envisioned. Results. Here, we show that the hypermutability of CpG dinucleotides, rather than the natural selection against the nullomer sequences, is likely the reason for the phenomenal event of short sequence motifs becoming nullomers. Furthermore, many reported human nullomers differ by only one nucleotide, which reinforces the role of mutation in the evolution of the constellation of nullomers in populations and species. The known nullomers in chimpanzee, cow, dog, and mouse genomes show patterns that are consistent with those seen in humans. Conclusions. The role of mutations, instead of selection, in generating nullomers cast doubt on the utility of nullomers in many envisioned applications, because of their dependence on the role of lethal selection on the origin of nullomers. © 2007 Acquisti et al.
title: Carl L. Becker: A Philosophical Analysis
Creators: name: Olsen, Reed Anderson
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1970

description: In any study of American historiography, Car.l Becker emerges as one of the more prominent historical philosophers. George H. Sabine suggests that interest in Becker's historical writing stems from three main characteristics. First, far more than most academic historians, he was a literary artist, using a very fine prose style which made enjoyable reading. Second, he had an unique understanding of the purposes which should guide and might set the standard of excellence in historical writing. Third, Becker had a broad and keen intellectual curiosity, enlightened by wit and irony and united with a deep moral conviction of the seriousness or the historian's calling and of the significance of history for a truly civilized society.
Examples of quantum commutants
Creators: name: Soltan, Piotr M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16W30, 46L85

description: We describe the notion of a quantum family of maps of a quantum space and that of a quantum commutant of such a family. Quantum commutants are quantum semigroups defined by a certain universal property. We give a few examples of these objects acting on a classical $n$-point space and on the quantum space underlying the algebra of two by two matrices. We show that some of the resulting quantum semigroups are not compact quantum groups. The proof of one result touches on an interesting problem of the theory of compact quantum groups.
description: 11 pages, an error in one example corrected, typos corrected
Combining phylogeography with distribution modeling: Multiple Pleistocene range expansions in a parthenogenetic gecko from the Australian arid zone
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Animal Migration
Animals
Australia
Base Pair Mismatch
Biological Evolution
DNA, Mitochondrial
Desert Climate
Fossils
Geography
Haplotypes
Lizards
Models, Theoretical
Molecular Sequence Data
Parthenogenesis
Phylogeny

description: Phylogenetic and geographic evidence suggest that many parthenogenetic organisms have evolved recently and have spread rapidly. These patterns play a critical role in our understanding of the relative merits of sexual versus asexual reproductive modes, yet their interpretation is often hampered by a lack of detail. Here we present a detailed phylogeographic study of a vertebrate parthenogen, the Australian gecko Heteronotia binoei, in combination with statistical and biophysical modeling of its distribution during the last glacial maximum. Parthenogenetic H. hinoei occur in the Australian and zone and have the widest range of any known vertebrate parthenogen. They are broadly sympatric with their sexual counterparts, from which they arose via hybridization. We have applied nested clade phylogeographic, effective migration, and mismatch distribution analyses to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences obtained for 319 individuals sampled throughout the known geographic ranges of two parthenogenetic mitochondrial lineages. These analyses provide strong evidence for past range expansion events from west to east across the arid zone, and for continuing eastward range expansion. Parthenogen formation and range expansion events date to the late Pleistocene, with one lineage expanding from the northwest of its present range around 240,000 years ago and the second lineage expanding from the far west around 70,000 years ago. Statistical and biophysical distribution models support these inferences of recent range expansion, with suitable climatic conditions during the last glacial maximum most likely limited to parts of the and zone north and west of much of the current ranges of these lineages. Combination of phylogeographic analyses and distribution modeling allowed considerably stronger inferences of the history of this complex than either would in isolation, illustrating the power of combining complementary analytical approaches. © 2007 Strasburg et al.
title: Graduate Recital
Creators: name: Pack, William Daniels
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1970

description: The scope of this recital was great in many ways. It included the Prelude and Fugue from the Sonata in g minor for unaccompanied violin by Johann Sebastian Bach, the Sonata for Violin and Piano by Aaron Copland, Concerto no. III in b minor by Camille Saint-Saens, "On Wings of Song" by Felix Mendelssohn, and "Perpe tual Motion" by Ottakar Novacek. Performed were works of composers from three musical periods and representing three of the western worlds great musical countries -- the United States, Germany, and France. Stylistic demands ranged from the polyphonic form of the Bach Fugue, the lyrical singing style of the Saint-Saens violin Concerto, to the percussive qualities of the final movement in the Copland Sonata. Almost all violinistic technics were involved including scales; arpeggios; great leaps; double stops; harmonics; dynamic contrasts and nuances in tone color and vibrato; bowings such as spiccato, sautille, staccato, martele, and detache; as well as difficult pizzicato passages. The preparation of the performer has taken some twenty years and seven violin instructors at Utah State University.
With this in mind and considering the importance of the several parts of the recital, this paper has been organized into the following sections: 1. The Violin, 2. The Composers, 3. The Music, its historical implications and form, 4. The Recital, and, 5. Epilogue. The Masters Recital is one of two options for partial fulfillment of a Master of Music or as in this case a Master of Arts degree in Music Education at Utah State University. The individual requirements for the recital are set up by the graduate committee which in this case consisted of Professor Ralph Matesky, chairman of the graduate committee, Dr . Max F. Dalby, committee member, and Dr. Keith Checketts, committee member.
title: Factors That Prospective Teachers at Utah State University Considered Important in Their Decision to Enter Teacher Preparation
Creators: name: Powell, Kenneth Ray
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1970

description: A critical shortage of teachers became an acute threat to society following World War II according to Jantzen (1959). Because of the shortage of teachers, many institutions of higher learning and a number of interested groups have discussed and made studies on means of recruiting prospective teachers, as brought out by Riccio(1961). The studies that have been made on prospective teachers expounded mainly on the age students decided to become teachers and influences from parents, relative-teachers, teachers, guidance counselors, and teaching experience.
Polarization Charge around Impurities in Two-Dimensional Anisotropic Dirac Systems
Creators: name: Elsayed, Mohamed M.
name: Kim, Sang Wook
name: Vanegas, Juan M.
name: Kotov, Valeri N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Introducing quasiparticle anisotropy in graphene via uniaxial strain has a profound effect on the polarization charge density induced by external impurities, both Coulomb and short-range. In particular, the charge distribution induced by a Coulomb impurity exhibits a power law tail modulated by a strain-dependent admixture of angular harmonics. The appearance of distributed charge is in sharp contrast to the response in pristine/isotropic graphene, where for subcritical impurities the polarization charge is fully localized at the impurity position. It is also interesting to note that our results are obtained strictly at zero chemical potential, and the behavior is distinct from the familiar Friedel oscillations observed at finite chemical potential. We find that over a wide range of strain, the $d$-wave symmetry is dominant. The presence of Dirac cone tilt, relevant to some 2D materials beyond graphene, can also substantially affect the induced charge distribution. Finally we consider impurities with short range potentials, and study the effect of strain on the charge response. Our results were obtained in the continuum via perturbation theory valid for weak (subcritical) potentials, and supported by numerical lattice simulations based on density functional theory.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures. Added new Section VI with new figures, and updated old figures
HIV-Specific Probabilistic Models of Protein Evolution
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Amino Acid Substitution
Evolution, Molecular
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins
Humans
Models, Statistical
Phylogeny
Sequence Analysis, Protein

description: Comparative sequence analyses, including such fundamental bioinformatics techniques as similarity searching, sequence alignment and phylogenetic inference, have become a mainstay for researchers studying type 1 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) genome structure and evolution. Implicit in comparative analyses is an underlying model of evolution, and the chosen model can significantly affect the results. In general, evolutionary models describe the probabilities of replacing one amino acid character with another over a period of time. Most widely used evolutionary models for protein sequences have been derived from curated alignments of hundreds of proteins, usually based on mammalian genomes. It is unclear to what extent these empirical models are generalizable to a very different organism, such as HIV-1-the most extensively sequenced organism in existence. We developed a maximum likelihood model fitting procedure to a collection of HIV-1 alignments sampled from different viral genes, and inferred two empirical substitution models, suitable for describing between-and within-host evolution. Our procedure pools the information from multiple sequence alignments, and provided software implementation can be run efficiently in parallel on a computer cluster. We describe how the inferred substitution models can be used to generate scoring matrices suitable for alignment and similarity searches. Our models had a consistently superior fit relative to the best existing models and to parameter-rich data-driven models when benchmarked on independent HIV-1 alignments, demonstrating evolutionary biases in amino-acid substitution that are unique to HIV, and that are not captured by the existing models. The scoring matrices derived from the models showed a marked difference from common amino-acid scoring matrices. The use of an appropriate evolutionary model recovered a known viral transmission history, whereas a poorly chosen model introduced phylogenetic error. We argue that our model derivation procedure is immediately applicable to other organisms with extensive sequence data available, such as Hepatitis C and Influenza A viruses. © 2007 Nickle et al.
Modification of nucleon properties in nuclear matter and finite nuclei
Creators: name: Wen, W.
name: Shen, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model for the description of nuclear matter and finite nuclei, and at the same time, for the study of medium modifications of nucleon properties. The nucleons are described as nontopological solitons which interact through the self-consistent exchange of scalar and vector mesons. The model explicitly incorporates quark degrees of freedom into nuclear many-body systems and provides satisfactory results on the nuclear properties. The present model predicts a significant increase of the nucleon radius at normal nuclear matter density. It is very interesting to see the nucleon properties change from the nuclear surface to the nuclear interior.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures
Mesoleptus tobiasi JONAITIS 2004
Creators: name: Riedel
name: Pénigot
name: Schwarz
name: Diller
name: Johansson
name: Japoshvili, G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Mesoleptus
Mesoleptus tobiasi

description: Mesoleptus tobiasi JONAITIS, 2004
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Trap 15: 2♀♀ 14-28.vii.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Western Palaearctic, new record for Georgia and the Caucasus region.
description: Published as part of Riedel, Pénigot, Schwarz, Diller, Johansson & Japoshvili, G., 2023, Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Kintrishi National Park, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of six new species, pp. 61-153 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1) on page 124, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10415120
Characterization and Compensation of the Residual Chirp in a Mach-Zehnder-Type Electro-Optical Intensity Modulator
Creators: name: Rogers, C. E.
name: Carini, J. L.
name: Pechkis, J. A.
name: Gould, P. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We utilize various techniques to characterize the residual phase modulation of a fiber-based Mach-Zehnder electro-optical intensity modulator. A heterodyne technique is used to directly measure the phase change due to a given change in intensity, thereby determining the chirp parameter of the device. This chirp parameter is also measured by examining the ratio of sidebands for sinusoidal amplitude modulation. Finally, the frequency chirp caused by an intensity pulse on the nanosecond time scale is measured via the heterodyne signal. We show that this chirp can be largely compensated with a separate phase modulator. The various measurements of the chirp parameter are in reasonable agreement.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Modelling Deuterated Isotopologues of Methanol toward the Pre-Stellar Core L1544
Creators: name: Riedel, W.
name: Sipilä, O.
name: Redaelli, E.
name: Caselli, P.
name: Vasyunin, A. I.
name: Dulieu, F.
name: Watanabe, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We aim to improve a previous model for the prediction of column densities and deuterium fractions of non- and singly deuterated methanol. Thereby, we try to identify crucial chemical and physical parameters, for which the study of deuteration could provide valuable additional constraints.
 Methods. We employed a gas-grain chemical code to devise a model that is in agreement with the observed column density and deuterium fraction profiles of the innermost region of the pre-stellar core L1544. For that purpose, we developed a new treatment of reactive desorption, deriving an individual reactive desorption efficiency for every product species in a chemical reaction, that depends on the reaction enthalpy and type of underlying surface. Furthermore, we explored several options to promote the diffusion of hydrogen and deuterium atoms over the surface of interstellar dust grains, in order to increase methanol formation.
 Results. Our fiducial model employs diffusion by quantum tunneling of hydrogen and deuterium atoms, resulting in CH$_3$OH and CH$_2$DOH column densities that are approximately an order of magnitude lower than the observed values, which improves the results compared to the previous model by a factor 10. The $N$(CH$_2$DOH)/$N$(CH$_3$OH) ratio is reproduced within a factor of 1.2 for the centre and 1.8 for the position of the methanol peak. Given the large uncertainties that chemical models typically have, we consider our predictions to be in agreement with the observations. In general, we conclude that a diffusion process with a high diffusion rate needs to be employed to obtain methanol column densities that are in accordance with the observed values. Also, we find that the introduction of abstraction reactions into the methanol formation scheme suppresses deuteration, when used in combination with a high diffusion rate.
Unified approach to topological quantum computation with anyons: From qubit encoding to Toffoli gate
Creators: name: Xu, Haitan
name: Taylor, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological quantum computation may provide a robust approach for encoding and manipulating information utilizing the topological properties of anyonic quasi-particle excitations. We develop an efficient means to map between dense and sparse representations of quantum information (qubits) and a simple construction of multi-qubit gates, for all anyon models from Chern-Simons-Witten SU(2)$_k$ theory that support universal quantum computation by braiding ($k\geq 3,\ k \neq 4$). In the process, we show how the constructions of topological quantum memory and gates for $k=2,4$ connect naturally to those for $k\geq 3,\ k \neq 4$, unifying these concepts in a simple framework. Furthermore, we illustrate potential extensions of these ideas to other anyon models outside of Chern-Simons-Witten field theory.
description: 4.5 pages, 3 figures, published in PRA
title: Teaching Plans in Range Management for Utah High School Vocational Agricultural Programs
Creators: name: Soper, Jack A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1970

description: Although several course of study outlines have been prepared to cover the subject of range management, the author has been unable to use them too effectively in teaching this important phase of vocational agriculture. Other teachers of vocational agriculture have expressed similar experiences and in group meetings have indicated a need for more teaching materials in range management and other important areas of agriculture.
Panguitch, Utah, where the author teaches, is located in Garfield County in the heart of a vast range area . There is a vital need for youth ar.d adults in the area to understand the important role the rangelands play in their lives . According to authorities in range management, Bureau of Land Management, and U. S . Forest Service, all citizens of the United States should know more about the contributions the Western rangelands make to the total economy and welfare of the nation . Also the citizens should know how important it is to conserve and to further develop these valuable lands.
This report was written to fulfill, in part , the need for teaching plans to assist teachers and therefore help students to get a better understanding of the Western rangelands and how to manage, conserve, and develop them. It is hoped that teachers of Utah and other Western States will be able to use the plans, to develop an attitude and a desire in the students to conserve and improve the Western rangelands and other natural resources of the nation.
The teaching plans in this report are to be used as aids to teachers of vocational agriculture in presenting a beginning course in range management. The material covered in this report may be used as a unit by itself or as a supplement to a course in the field of natural resources. This report is written to serve as a beginning course and should be used in a freshmen or sophomore vocational agricultural class. It is designed to cover from six to eight weeks but could be extended or shortened according to the needs and amount of time spent in field study.
There are 13 lessons written on the one enterprise of range management. The instructor using these lessons should plan to work with the federal conservation agencies such as the U. S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and the Soil Conservation Service . The instructor should plan to spend as much time as necessary with his class in the field in actual range study.
Teachers who use this report should not attempt to use it word for word but as a guide in teaching range management. The different areas of this state and other states will have different problems to solve so the situation and method of motivation will be different with each instructor.
Relativistic first principles theory of Yu--Shiba--Rusinov states applied to an Mn adatom and Mn dimers on Nb(110)
Creators: name: Nyári, Bendegúz
name: Lászlóffy, András
name: Szunyogh, László
name: Csire, Gábor
name: Park, Kyungwha
name: Ujfalussy, Balázs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a fully relativistic first principles based theoretical approach for the calculation of the spectral properties of magnetic impurities on the surface of a superconducting substrate, providing a material specific framework for the investigation of the Yu--Shiba--Rusinov (YSR) states. By using a suitable orbital decomposition of the local densities of states we discuss in great details the formation of the YSR states for an Mn adatom and for two kinds of Mn dimers placed on the Nb(110) surface and compare our results to recent experimental findings. In case of the adatom we find that the spin-orbit coupling slightly shifts some of the YSR peaks and also the local spin-polarization on the Nb atoms have marginal effects to the their positions. Moreover, by scaling the exchange field on the Mn site we could explain the lack of the $d_{x^2-y^2}$-like YSR state in the spectrum. While our results for a close packed ferromagnetic dimer are in satisfactory agreement with the experimentally observed splitting of the YSR states, in case of an antiferromagnetic dimer we find that the spin-orbit coupling is not sufficiently large to explain the splitting of the YSR states seen in the experiment. Changing the relative orientation of the magnetic moments in this dimer induces splitting of the YSR states and also shifts their energy, leading even to the formation of a zero bias peak in case of the deepest YSR state.
Stretching chimeric DNA: a test for the putative S-form
Creators: name: Whitelam, Stephen
name: Pronk, Sander
name: Geissler, Phillip L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Double-stranded DNA `overstretches' at a pulling force of about 65 pN, increasing in length by a factor of 1.7. The nature of the overstretched state is unknown, despite its considerable importance for DNA's biological function and technological application. Overstretching is thought by some to be a force-induced denaturation, and by others to consist of a transition to an elongated, hybridized state called S-DNA. Within a statistical mechanical model we consider the effect upon overstretching of extreme sequence heterogeneity. `Chimeric' sequences possessing halves of markedly different AT composition elongate under fixed external conditions via distinct, spatially segregated transitions. The corresponding force-extension data display two plateaux at forces whose difference varies with pulling rate in a manner that depends qualitatively upon whether the hybridized S-form is accessible. This observation implies a test for S-DNA that could be performed in experiment. Our results suggest that qualitatively different, spatially segregated conformational transitions can occur at a single thermodynamic state within single molecules of DNA.
When the horseshoe fits: Characterizing 2023 FY3 with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias and the Two-meter Twin Telescope
Creators: name: Marcos, R. de la Fuente
name: Marcos, C. de la Fuente
name: de León, J.
name: Alarcon, M. R.
name: Licandro, J.
name: Serra-Ricart, M.
name: García-Álvarez, D.
name: Cabrera-Lavers, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The Arjuna asteroid belt is loosely defined as a diverse group of small asteroids that follow dynamically cold, Earth-like orbits. Most of them are not actively engaged in resonant, co-orbital behavior with Earth. Some of them experience temporary but recurrent horseshoe episodes. Objects in horseshoe paths tend to approach Earth at a low velocity, leading to captures as Earth's temporary satellites or mini-moons. Four such objects have already been identified: 1991 VG, 2006 RH120, 2020 CD3, and 2022 NX1. Here, we focus on 2023 FY3, a recent finding, the trajectory of which might have a co-orbital status and perhaps lead to temporary captures. Aims. We want to determine the physical properties of 2023 FY3 and explore its dynamical evolution. Methods. We carried out an observational study of 2023 FY3 using the OSIRIS camera spectrograph at the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias, to derive its spectral class, and time-series photometry obtained with QHY411M cameras and two units of the Two-meter Twin Telescope to investigate its rotational state. N-body simulations were also performed to examine its possible resonant behavior. Results. The visible reflectance spectrum of 2023 FY3 is consistent with that of an S-type asteroid; its light curve gives a rotation period of 9.3$\pm$0.6 min, with an amplitude of 0.48$\pm$0.13 mag. We confirm that 2023 FY3 roams the edge of Earth's co-orbital space. Conclusions. Arjuna 2023 FY3, an S-type asteroid and fast rotator, currently exhibits horseshoe-like resonant behavior and in the past experienced mini-moon engagements of the temporarily captured flyby type that may repeat in the future. The spectral type result further confirms that mini-moons are a diverse population in terms of surface composition.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. Updated after submission of production files
Subsystem constraints in variational second order density matrix optimization: curing the dissociative behavior
Creators: name: Verstichel, Brecht
name: van Aggelen, Helen
name: Van Neck, Dimitri
name: Ayers, Paul W.
name: Bultinck, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A previous study of diatomic molecules revealed that variational second-order density matrix theory has serious problems in the dissociation limit when the N-representability is imposed at the level of the usual two-index (P, Q, G) or even three-index (T1, T2) conditions [H. van Aggelen et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 11, 5558 (2009)]. Heteronuclear molecules tend to dissociate into fractionally charged atoms. In this paper we introduce a general class of N-representability conditions, called subsystem constraints, and show that they cure the dissociation problem at little additional computational cost. As a numerical example the singlet potential energy surface of BeB+ is studied. The extension to polyatomic molecules, where more subsystem choices can be identified, is also discussed.
description: published version;added references
title: A Survey of Teacher Aide Utilization in Elementary Schools with Suggested Application Toward Improved use of Teacher Aides in the Elementary School of Logan City, Utah
Creators: name: Bartlett, Clyde Ray
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1971

description: WANTED**TEACHER AIDES
Students and teachers want them and need them. New school programs and citizens' advisory groups require them. All interested persons inquire at the nearest Board of Education, County or State Department of Education, or at the United States Office of Education (Department of Health, Education and Welfare). (Wright, 196 9, p. xi)
NEW CAREERS IN EDUCATION ARE WAITING! WANTED
Another pair of helpful hands, two kindly, watchful eyes and listening ears, enveloped by one willing spirit with understanding heart. No special training needed, but all talents will be utilized. Ability to give encouragement, helpful. Eager parents and interested relatives may apply. Hours, flexible; satisfaction guaranteed. Recompense: involvement, renewal, life meaning love. (Iacolucci, 1968, p. 424)
Do advertisements such as these appear revolutionary ? To some, they may. To many, they are a succinct statement of need and prediction of conditions of the present and future.
Helping youngsters to grow and learn is a critical responsibility, requiring home, school, church and community interaction. The school, has emerged as the agency of society where many agencies look, to direct the societal efforts to fulfill the responsibilities of citizenship to the learner.
A trite, but true, concept is that the schools cease to be of worth to the learner if they cease to serve the learner. The learner is better understood as a functioning self today than in decades gone by. The school must prepare for and meet the challenge of the learner as an individual. Such pedagogical nomenclature as individualized instruction, continuous progress education, personalized learning, individually prescribed instruction, team teaching, cooperative teaching, partnership teaching, differentiated staffing and others are nothing more than a new way of naming a process oriented description of attempting to meet the needs of children. Concurrent with the various models that portray the many teaching-learning patterns in use today is an increasing involvement of additional personnel to supplement the certified teacher.
These personnel, regardless of how they might be identified in conversation and the literature, can best be classified as aides to the teaching-learning process and may then be identified, at least for the purpose of this paper, as teacher aides.
The most costly and precious commodity today in our public schools is the service performed by the professional staff, says Klinkerfuse (1968). We waste thousands of dollars daily asking teachers to perform tasks far below their level of training. Common sense would indicate that teacher aides could materially increase the quantity and quality of instructional service.
Evaluating dosage compensation as a cause of duplicate gene retention in Paramecium tetraurelia
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Animals
Dosage Compensation, Genetic
Gene Duplication
Genetics, Population
Genome, Protozoan
Paramecium tetraurelia
Systems Biology

description: The high retention of duplicate genes in the genome of Paramecium tetraurelia has led to the hypothesis that most of the retained genes have persisted because of constraints due to gene dosage. This and other possible mechanisms are discussed in the light of expectations from population genetics and systems biology. © 2007 BioMed Central Ltd.
Ensemble neuroevolution based approach for multivariate time series anomaly detection
Creators: name: Faber, Kamil
name: Żurek, Dominik
name: Pietroń, Marcin
name: Piętak, Kamil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multivariate time series anomaly detection is a very common problem in the field of failure prevention. Fast prevention means lower repair costs and losses. The amount of sensors in novel industry systems makes the anomaly detection process quite difficult for humans. Algorithms which automates the process of detecting anomalies are crucial in modern failure-prevention systems. Therefore, many machine and deep learning models have been designed to address this problem. Mostly, they are autoencoder-based architectures with some generative adversarial elements. In this work, a framework is shown which incorporates neuroevolution methods to boost the anomaly-detection scores of new and already known models. The presented approach adapts evolution strategies for evolving ensemble model, in which every single model works on a subgroup of data sensors. The next goal of neuroevolution is to optimise architecture and hyperparameters like window size, the number of layers, layer depths, etc. The proposed framework shows that it is possible to boost most of the anomaly detection deep learning models in a reasonable time and a fully automated mode. The tests were run on SWAT and WADI datasets. To our knowledge, this is the first approach in which an ensemble deep learning anomaly detection model is built in a fully automatic way using a neuroevolution strategy.
Unified Theory of Ghost and Quadratic-Flux-Minimizing Surfaces
Creators: name: Dewar, R. L.
name: Hudson, S. R.
name: Gibson, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generalized Hamiltonian definition of ghost surfaces (surfaces defined by an action-gradient flow) is given and specialized to the usual Lagrangian definition. Numerical calculations show uncorrected quadratic-flux-minimizing (QFMin) and Lagrangian ghost surfaces give very similar results for a chaotic magnetic field weakly perturbed from an integrable case in action-angle coordinates, described by $L = L_0 + εL_1$, where $L_0(\dotθ)$ (with $\dotθ$ denoting $dθ/dζ$) is an integrable field-line Lagrangian and $ε$ is a perturbation parameter. This is explained using a perturbative construction of the auxiliary poloidal angle $Θ$ that corrects QFMin surfaces so they are also ghost surfaces. The difference between the corrected and uncorrected surfaces is $O(ε^2)$, explaining the observed smallness of this difference. An alternative definition of ghost surfaces is also introduced, based on an action-gradient flow in $Θ$, which appears to have superior properties when unified with QFMin surfaces.
description: 4 pp, 3 figs. In Proc. of 7th General Scientific Assembly of Asia Plasma and Fusion Association (APFA2009) and Asia-Pacific Plasma Theory Conference (APPTC2009), Aomori, Japan, October 27-30 2009 http://www.jspf.or.jp/JPFRS/index_vol9-4.html . v2: corr. ref. to eq (9) on p 4 to eq (8); in l. below eq (19) changed /\delta\theta\ to /\delta\Theta. v3: 3rd l. above eq (7), now \eta -> 0 not \infty