Rhinolophus formosae Sanborn 1939
Creators: name: Burgin, Connor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus
Rhinolophus formosae

description: 104. Formosan Woolly Horseshoe <i>Bat</i> <i>Rhinolophus formosae</i> French: Rhinolophe <i>de</i> Formose / <b>German:</b> Formosa-Wollhaar-Hufeisennase <i>I</i> <b>Spanish:</b> Herradura de ormosa Taxonomy. <i>Rhinolophus formosae</i> Sanborn, 1939, “ Formosa [= <i>Taiwan</i>].” <i>Rhinolophus formosae</i> is, included in the t <i>rifoliatus species</i> group, and seems to be sister to all other members of the <i>trifoliatus</i> species group except. <i>francisi.</i> Monotypic. <b>Distribution.</b> Taiwan I. Descriptive <b>notes.</b> <i>Head-body</i> 63-90 mm, tail 28-41 mm, ear 24- 5-33 mm, hindfoot 16-17 mm, forearm 53-9-62-4 nun; <i>weight</i> 11-9-25- 3 g. <i>Fur</i> is long, <i>silky</i>, and glossy, particularly on the neck and shoulders; dorsal and ventral pelage is dull black. Ears are medium-sized and blackish. Noseleaf <i>isjet</i> black and has a long to very long lancet that is narrow at the tip with straight sides; connecting process is <i>moderately</i> low and runs almost parallel to the sella but is broadly rounded; sella has a pair of large circular lappets at the base; horseshoe is <i>wide</i> (12-3-13- 7 mm) and completely covers the muzzle, with a deep median emargination. Lower lip has one mental groove. Skull is robust and strong (zygomatic width much larger than mastoid width); anterior median swellings are <i>moderately</i> developed and slighdy elongated but their anterior borders do not reach the upper portion of the nasal orifice; lateral swellings are well developed; posterior swellings are less developed and small; frontal depression is narrow, long, and <i>very</i> deep; supraorbital crests are sharp and strong; sagittal crest is moderately strong. C1 is strong and massive, but short; P2 is medium-sized to fairly large and within the tooth row or slightly extruded; P3 is small and extruded from the tooth row or rarely missing; P2 and P4 are almost always touching. Dental formula is the typical of 32 teeth or 30 when a lower premolar is missing. Chromosomal complement has 2 <b>n</b> = 52 and FNa = 60. <b>Habitat.</b> <i>Primary</i> and secondary forests (broadleaf, coniferous, and mixed) at low to moderately high altitudes. <b>Food and</b> Feeding. Based on the limited information available, the Formosan <i>Woolly</i> Horseshoe Bat feeds mainly on coleopterans. Breeding. Females give birth to a single young in May orJune. <b>Activity patterns.</b> The Formosan <i>Woolly</i> Horseshoe Bat roosts in caves, buildings, tunnels, and irrigation conduits. Call shape is FM/CF/FM with a peak F of 42-43 kHz, and FM portions span at 36-43 kHz. aptured individuals had a peak frequency of 44-4-44-6 kHz and a duration of 36-63 milliseconds. The lappets of the noseleaf are effective in picking up the FM portion of their echolocation calls. <b>Movements,</b> Home <b>range and Social organization.</b> The Formosan <i>Woolly</i> Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> roosts either alone or in pairs. <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Near Threatened on 77zr <i>IUCNed List.</i> The Formosan <i>Woolly</i> Horseshoe Bat is considered rare throughout its limited lowland distribution. Deforestation as a result <i>of</i> the expanding infrastructure of Taiwan and large-scale agricultural expansion threatens the lowlands in which this species lives. The species is regionally Red Listed in China as vulnerable. It is found in a number of protected areas including Renting and Taroko national parks and other protected areas. <b>Bibliography.</b> Ando et al. (1980b), Cheng <i>Hsichi</i> et al. (2017), Csorba <i>et</i> al. (2003), LeeYafu <i>et al.</i> (2012), Smith &amp; <i>Xie</i> Yan (2008), Smith (2008c), Soisook, Struebig et al. (2015), Vanderelst et <i>al.</i> (2013), Volleth et <i>al.</i> (2017), Wang Sung &amp; <i>Xie</i> Yan (2004), Yoshiyuki &amp; Harada (1995), Zhang Lin <i>et</i> al. (2018).
description: Published as part of <i>Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, pp. 280-332 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on pages 330-331, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3748525