Apodrosus mammuthus Giron &amp; Franz 2010, sp.n.
Creators: name: Girón, Jennifer C.
name: Franz, Nico M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Apodrosus
Apodrosus mammuthus

description: <b> <i>Apodrosus mammuthus</i> Girón &amp; Franz sp.n.</b> (Fig. 12) <i>Diagnosis</i> <i>Apodrosus mammuthus</i> is characterized by the combination of its large size (at 6 mm it is the largest species in the genus), a long and escudate body form which is 2.8-times longer than its greatest width in dorsal view, which is at the anterior third of the elytra, a visible nasal plate, only slightly projected eyes, and a vestiture composed of white iridescent (reddish) scales and with curved, decumbent white setae. This species may be differentiated from the otherwise very similar <i>A</i>. <i>argentatus</i> by its more elongate head, and the aedeagus with a pair of denticulate pads on the endophallus positioned apicad of midpoint, and a thickened apical margin. <i>Specimens examined</i> Holotype &amp;female; “ PUERTO RICO, Mona Island, Bajura Los Cerezos, 45 m, N 18°5′18″, W 67°54′4″, May 22 2008, Leg. N. Franz ” (UPRM); paratypes, same label information as holotype (CWOB: 1 &amp;male;, 1 &amp;female;; MEBT: 1 &amp;male;, 1 &amp;female;; UPRM: 3 &amp;male;, 1 dissected &amp;female;); “TURKS &amp; CAICOS ISLS., Grand Turk; North Wells, 21°29′50″N, 71°08′20″W, 7 February 2001/ At black light in mixed scrub near salt pond; Coll. W. E. Steiner &amp; J. M. Swearingen” (NMNH: 1 dissected &amp;male;); “Mona Id., P. R., Coll: Martorell/ April 1/ 40 Acc# 283-40/ on <i>Colubrina colubrina</i> ” (UPRM: 1 &amp;male;); “PUERTO RICO, Mona Island, near Playa Pájaros, 35 m, at night, N 18°3′52″, W 67°52′12″, May 18-2008, Leg. N. Franz” (UPRM: 2 &amp;male;, including 1 dissected, 1 dissected &amp;female;); “PUERTO RICO, Mona Island, Playa Sardinera, 0 m, N 18°5′19″, W 67°56′17″, May 20-24 2008, Leg. N. Franz” (UPRM: 4 &amp;male;, 1 &amp;female;); “PUERTO RICO, Mona Island, Sendero Capitán, 40 m, at night, incl. Hg/UV lights, N 18°5′16″, W 67°56′16″, May 20 2008, Leg. N. Franz” (UPRM: 6 &amp;male;, including 1 dissected, 3 &amp;female;, including 1 dissected). <i>Description</i> Body length 6 mm; in dorsal view (Fig. 12A) 2.8-times longer than greatest width which is at basal third of elytra, shape escudate; dorsal outline in lateral view (Fig. 12C) slightly convex. Integument surface smooth; vestiture composed of white iridescent (reddish) scales, with curved, decumbent setae. Eyes (Fig. 12B) 1.7-times longer than wide, slightly projected; 0.5-times width and 0.6-times length of head in lateral view, separated from anterior margin of prothorax by 0.5-times greatest diameter of eye; line of anterior margin of eyes flat; shortest distance between eyes (in dorsal view) 0.2-times greatest width of pronotum; median furrow (Fig. 12B) linear, deep, extending from anterior margin of eyes to their posterior margin. Rostrum (Fig. 12B) 1.1-times longer than wide; epistome apically with 2–4 setae situated on each side, extending posteriorly as a longitudinal narrow keel nearly to base of rostrum; nasal plate visible (though poorly defined), flat. Length of rostrum in lateral view 1.3-times its basal width; antennal insertion apicad of midpoint of rostrum; scrobe curved downwards by 45°, directed posteriorly at end, extending to midpoint of eye, separated from it by width of scrobe. Mandibles with 2 lateral setae. Antennae light brown; antennal scape extending to posterior margin of eye; funicular antennomere I 1.1-times longer than II; antennal club 0.5-times length of funicle, 2.5-times longer than wide. Pronotum (Fig. 12A) subquadrate, slightly wider than long, greatest width at midpoint; dorsal surface shallowly puncturate, each puncture with a curved, white seta; posterior margin bisinuate, 1.4-times wider than anterior margin; prothorax in lateral view with dorsal outline slightly convex, 1.5-times length of ventral outline; scutellum suboval, covered with scales. Mesosternum (Fig. 12D) 0.6-times length of prosternum. Metasternum with lateral portions posteriorly produced (in lateral profile gradually ascending towards posterior fourth, thereafter descending roundly, posterior face covered with scales); distance between posterior margin of mesocoxae and anterior margin of metacoxae 0.7-times length of prosternum. Legs with profemora 1.1-times length of pronotum; claws divergent. Elytra in dorsal view (Fig. 12A) 1.7-times their greatest width which is 1.6-times wider than pronotum; anterior margins sinuate; humeral region 1.5-times width of posterior margin of pronotum; apex rounded; in lateral view (Fig. 12C) with dorsal outline convex; posterior declivity gradually rounded (not angulate); striae IX and X completely separated along their entire length; intervals covered with white, gray and light brown scales forming a spot pattern on anterior and apicad of midpoint areas of elytra; interval X produced apicad of basal sixth; with curved, decumbent setae. Venter (Fig. 12D) with gray scales denser on sides and scattered setae; &amp;male;: IV 1.6-times longer than V and VI jointly, slightly longer than VII, VII with anterior margin 1.9-times wider than its length, posterior margin widely rounded; &amp;female;: IV 1.8-times longer than V and VI jointly, 1.6-times length of VII, VII with anterior margin 2.2-times wider than its length, posterior margin rounded. <i>Terminalia.</i> Male with tergum VII 1.5-times wider than its mesal length, mesal area 1.4-times wider than a strigulate stripe, with scarce setae; anterior margin with mesal area roundly projected, posterior margin emarginate. Tergum VIII 1.4-times wider than its mesal length; anterior margin slightly emarginate with a mesal deep and narrow emargination; surface with an anteapical, concave, rounded fold; posterior margin widely rounded. Sternum VIII with spiculum relictum forming a forked process with base 1.5-times longer than wide and as long as each arm, arms darker for the most part. Spiculum gastrale with apodeme 1.1-times longer than aedeagus, each furcal arm sclerotized, sub-oval, with parallel inner margins. Tegmen with tegminal apodeme 0.6- times length of aedeagus; tegminal plate posteriorly widely and roundly slightly projected. Aedeagus in dorsal view (Fig. 12E) 3.5-times longer than its greatest width, slightly narrowed basad of midpoint, apically slightly widened; apex roundly triangular, with narrow round lateral corners, mesally thickened; mesal region of apex with longitudinal stripes. Endophallus with a pair of lateral, equilateral, opposed plates positioned near apex, a pair of denticulate pads positioned apicad of midpoint, and an elongate, rhomboidal, median sclerite, positioned at midpoint of aedeagus; with a pair of dark opposed, sickle-shaped sclerites positioned basad of midpoint, between these with a pair of smaller sclerites and with 2 lateral rows of 5-6 stepwise alternating triangular teeth. Aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 12F) 9.2-times longer than its greatest width. Aedeagal apodemes 0.8-times length of aedeagus. <i>Female.</i> With tergum VII as wide as its mesal length, posterior margin rounded. Tergum VIII nearly trapezoidal, 1.6-times wider than long. Sternum VIII with semioval lamina, occupying posterior one fifth. Coxites+styli slightly shorter than lamina of sternum VIII, stylus 3.2-times longer than its greatest width, with 3-4 apical, long setae. Genital chamber 0.6-times length of sternum VIII. Spermatheca (Fig. 12G) 1.5- times longer than wide, Y-shaped; cornu slightly shorter than greatest width of spermatheca; ramus apically truncate; collum apically narrowed; surface not particularly sculptured. <i>Variation</i> Th e examined specimens vary little beyond slight differences in scale coverage, with some abraded specimens appearing darker. There are only minimal inter-population differences in aedeagal structure. <i>Etymology</i> Named after giant mammoths (genus <i>Mammuthus</i>) since it is the largest species presently assigned to the genus. The species epithet is to be treated as a noun in apposition. <i>Natural history</i> <i>Apodrosus mammuthus</i> occurs in coastal shrubby habitats (0–55 m) on Grand Turk of the Turks and Caicos Islands, as well as on Mona Island, Puerto Rico (previously misidentified as <i>A. argentatus</i>;see above) (Fig. 18B). On Mona Island the adults have been taken on <i>Colubrina colubrina</i> Millsp. (Rhamnaceae).
description: Published as part of <i>Girón, Jennifer C. &amp; Franz, Nico M., 2010, Revision, phylogeny and historical biogeography of the genus Apodrosus Marshall, 1922 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), pp. 339-414 in Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution 41</i> on pages 379-381, DOI: 10.1163/187631210X538799, http://zenodo.org/record/3764564