cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Directional carrier transport in micrometer-thick gallium oxide films for high-performance deep-ultraviolet photodetection
Creators: name: Zhang, Wenrui
name: Wang, Wei
name: Zhang, Jinfu
name: Zhang, Tan
name: Chen, Li
name: Wang, Liu
name: Zhang, Yu
name: Cao, Yanwei
name: Ji, Li
name: Ye, Jichun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Incorporating emerging ultrawide bandgap semiconductors with a metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) architecture is highly desired for deep-ultraviolet (DUV) photodetection. However, synthesis-induced defects in semiconductors complicate the rational design of MSM DUV photodetectors due to their dual role as carrier donors and trap centers, leading to a commonly observed trade-off between responsivity and response time. Here, we demonstrate a simultaneous improvement of these two parameters in ε-Ga2O3 MSM photodetectors by establishing a low-defect diffusion barrier for directional carrier transport. Specifically, using a micrometer thickness far exceeding its effective light absorption depth, the ε-Ga2O3 MSM photodetector achieves over 18-fold enhancement of responsivity and simultaneous reduction of the response time, which exhibits a state-of-the-art photo-to-dark current ratio near 10^8, a superior responsivity of >1300 A/W, an ultrahigh detectivity of >10^16 Jones and a decay time of 123 ms. Combined depth-profile spectroscopic and microscopic analysis reveals the existence of a broad defective region near the lattice-mismatched interface followed by a more defect-free dark region, while the latter one serves as a diffusion barrier to assist frontward carrier transport for substantially enhancing the photodetector performance. This work reveals the critical role of the semiconductor defect profile in tuning carrier transport for fabricating high-performance MSM DUV photodetectors.
Additional file 1 of Determining factors associated with cholera disease in Ethiopia using Bayesian hierarchical modeling
Creators: name: Letta, Tsigereda Tilahun
name: Belay, Denekew Bitew
name: Ali, Endale Alemayehu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1: Appendix I.
The gradient flow formulation of the electroweak Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Lange, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flavor observables are usually computed with the help of the electroweak Hamiltonian which separates the short-distance from the long-distance regime. The Wilson coefficients are calculated perturbatively, while matrix elements of the operators require non-perturbative treatment for many processes, e.g. through lattice simulations. The resulting necessity to compute the transformation between the different renormalization schemes in the two calculations constitutes an important source of uncertainties. An elegant solution to this problem is provided by the gradient-flow formalism, already widely used in lattice simulations, because its composite operators do not require renormalization. In this contribution we report on the construction of the electroweak Hamiltonian in the gradient-flow formalism through NNLO in QCD.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure, contribution to the proceedings of Loops and Legs in Quantum Field Theory (LL2022), Ettal, Germany, v2: minor changes, matches published version
STUDY OF THE HYDRODYNAMICS OF TWO-PHASE CIRCULATING FLOWS IN A PILE DUST COLLECTOR
Creators: name: Jalilov, R.S.
name: Khudoyberdieva, N.Sh.
name: Ganieva, S.U.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Today, rapid development of production processes is observed worldwide. The ever-expanding scale of human activities in nature, the involvement of a large amount of raw materials, water and energy resources in production processes have a significant impact on the environment. Accordingly, protecting the environment from pollution is becoming one of the priority tasks of today. The fundamental solution to the problem of protecting the air basin from industrial pollution is to create waste-free technologies.
US women's choices of strategies to protect themselves from violence
Creators: name: Casteel, C.
name: Runyan, C. W
name: Coyne-Beasley, T.
name: Moracco, K. E
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: To examine the extent to which US women's self‐protection strategies are associated with either their personal or vicarious victimization experiences.
Additional file 1 of Multi-level determinants of breast cancer screening among Malay-Muslim women in Singapore: a sequential mixed-methods study
Creators: name: Goh, Su-Ann
name: Lee, Jeong Kyu
name: Seh, Wei Yan
name: Ho, Elaine Qiao Ying
name: Hartman, Mikael
name: Chou, Cynthia
name: Wong, Mee Lian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Constructs used in survey, adaptation done to original construct.
Discusión abierta sobre beneficios, riesgos y retos de la Inteligencia Artificial Generativa
Creators: name: GARCÍA-PEÑALVO, Francisco José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Inteligencia Artificial
Inteligencia Artificial Generativa
ChatGPT
Educación

description: Participación en el Taller "Espacios Abiertos de Innovación Educativa" Un nuevo espacio de cooperación, celebrado el 20 de octubre de 2023 en el contexto del Congreso CINAIC 2023, celebrado en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas y Energía de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.
The role of DNA sensing and innate immune receptor TLR9 in otitis media
Creators: name: Leichtle, Anke
name: Wollenberg, Barbara
name: Hernandez, Michelle
name: Pak, Kwang
name: Webster, Nicholas J
name: Lee, Jasmine
name: Ryan, Allen F
name: Wasserman, Stephen I
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Otitis media (OM), a common infectious disease in children, is associated with bacterial middle ear (ME) infection. Tolllike receptors (TLRs) are important mediators of innate immune responses, and TLR9 specifically recognizes the unmethylated cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) motifs in bacterial DNA. Additional sensors of foreign DNA have recently been identified. The role of DNA sensing and TLR9 was investigated in a murine model of OM induced by non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Expression of genes related to DNA-sensing pathways involved in innate immunity was assessed via DNA microarray, qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Middle ear responses to NTHi were examined in wild-type and TLR9−/− mice by histopathology and bacterial culture. Expression of TLR9 signaling genes was modestly up-regulated during OM, as was TLR9 protein in both ME mucosal cells and infiltrating leukocytes. However, genes known to be regulated by CpG DNA were dramatically up-regulated, as were genes involved in DNA sensing by DIA, Pol-III and AIM2. Toll-like receptor 9 deletion significantly prolonged the inflammatory response induced by NTHi in the ME and delayed bacterial clearance. The results suggest that DNA sensing via TLR9 plays a role in OM pathogenesis and recovery. Alternative forms of DNA sensing may also contribute to OM.
Nature of Guanine Oxidation in RNA via the Flash-Quench Technique versus Direct Oxidation by a Metal Oxo Complex
Creators: name: Thorp, H. Holden
name: Holcomb, Dana R.
name: Theil, Elizabeth C.
name: Ropp, Patricia A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Oxidation of RNA can be effected by two different techniques: a photochemical, electron-transfer method termed “flash-quench” and direct oxidation by metal oxo complexes. The flash-quench method produces selective oxidation using a metal photosensitizer, tris(bipyridyl)ruthenium(III) trichloride (Ru(bpy)33+), and quencher, pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride (Co(NH3)5Cl2+). We have optimized the flash-quench technique for the following RNAs: tRNAPhe, human ferritin iron-responsive element (IRE), and a mutated human ferritin IRE. We have also employed a chemical footprinting technique involving the oxoruthenium(IV) complex (Ru(tpy)(bpy)O2+ (tpy = 2,2′,2″-terpyridine; bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine)) to oxidize guanine. Comparison of the two methods shows that the flash-quench technique provides a visualization of nucleotide accessibility for a static conformation of RNA while the Ru(tpy)(bpy)O2+ complex selectively oxidizes labile guanines and gives a visualization of a composite of multiple conformations of the RNA structure.
Pulsed Nano-Electrospray Ionization: Characterization of Temporal Response and Implementation with a Flared Inlet Capillary
Creators: name: Danell, Ryan M.
name: Glish, Gary L.
name: Bushey, Jared M.
name: Kaplan, Desmond A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The temporal response of pulsed nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nano-ESI-MS) was studied and its influence on ion formation and detection was characterized. Rise and decay times for the mass resolved ion current were determined to be 20 ± 3 msec and 61 ± 5 msec, respectively, which led to a maximum pulse rate of 12 Hz. Pulsed nano-ESI operation was demonstrated from a multi-sprayer source controlled by a high voltage pulsing circuit constructed in-house. The desired source mode of operation (e.g. pulsing or continuous) can be realized solely by controlling the voltage applied to each sprayer.
Additional file 2 of Multi-level determinants of breast cancer screening among Malay-Muslim women in Singapore: a sequential mixed-methods study
Creators: name: Goh, Su-Ann
name: Lee, Jeong Kyu
name: Seh, Wei Yan
name: Ho, Elaine Qiao Ying
name: Hartman, Mikael
name: Chou, Cynthia
name: Wong, Mee Lian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Quotes accompanying themes elucidated from IDI.
BlockScope: Detecting and Investigating Propagated Vulnerabilities in Forked Blockchain Projects
Creators: name: Yi, Xiao
name: Fang, Yuzhou
name: Wu, Daoyuan
name: Jiang, Lingxiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Due to the open-source nature of the blockchain ecosystem, it is common for new blockchains to fork or partially reuse the code of classic blockchains. For example, the popular Dogecoin, Litecoin, Binance BSC, and Polygon are all variants of Bitcoin/Ethereum. These "forked" blockchains thus could encounter similar vulnerabilities that are propagated from Bitcoin/Ethereum during forking or subsequently commit fetching. In this paper, we conduct a systematic study of detecting and investigating the propagated vulnerabilities in forked blockchain projects. To facilitate this study, we propose BlockScope, a novel tool that can effectively and efficiently detect multiple types of cloned vulnerabilities given an input of existing Bitcoin/Ethereum security patches. Specifically, BlockScope adopts similarity-based code match and designs a new way of calculating code similarity to cover all the syntax-wide variant (i.e., Type-1, Type-2, and Type-3) clones. Moreover, BlockScope automatically extracts and leverages the contexts of patch code to narrow down the search scope and locate only potentially relevant code for comparison. Our evaluation shows that BlockScope achieves good precision and high recall both at 91.8% (1.8 times higher recall than that in ReDeBug). BlockScope allows us to discover 101 previously unknown vulnerabilities in 13 out of the 16 forked projects of Bitcoin and Ethereum, including 16 from Dogecoin, 6 from Litecoin, 1 from Binance, and 4 from Optimism. We have reported all the vulnerabilities to their developers; 40 of them have been patched or accepted, 66 were acknowledged or under pending, and only 4 were rejected. We further investigate the propagation and patching processes of discovered vulnerabilities, and reveal three types of vulnerability propagation from source to forked projects, as well as the long delay (over 200 days) for releasing patches in Bitcoin forks.
description: The paper was accepted by ISOC NDSS 2023
Relaxed Genetic Constraint is Ancestral to the Evolution of Phenotypic Plasticity
Creators: name: Leichty, Aaron R.
name: Pfennig, David W.
name: Jones, Corbin D.
name: Pfennig, Karin S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Phenotypic plasticity––the capacity of a single genotype to produce different phenotypes in response to varying environmental conditions––is widespread. Yet, whether, and how, plasticity impacts evolutionary diversification is unclear. According to a widely discussed hypothesis, plasticity promotes rapid evolution because genes expressed differentially across different environments (i.e., genes with “biased” expression) experience relaxed genetic constraint and thereby accumulate variation faster than do genes with unbiased expression. Indeed, empirical studies confirm that biased genes evolve faster than unbiased genes in the same genome. An alternative hypothesis holds, however, that the relaxed constraint and faster evolutionary rates of biased genes may be a precondition for, rather than a consequence of, plasticity’s evolution. Here, we evaluated these alternative hypotheses by characterizing evolutionary rates of biased and unbiased genes in two species of frogs that exhibit a striking form of phenotypic plasticity. We also characterized orthologs of these genes in four species of frogs that had diverged from the two plastic species before the plasticity evolved. We found that the faster evolutionary rates of biased genes predated the evolution of the plasticity. Furthermore, biased genes showed greater expression variance than did unbiased genes, suggesting that they may be more dispensable. Phenotypic plasticity may therefore evolve when dispensable genes are co-opted for novel function in environmentally induced phenotypes. Thus, relaxed genetic constraint may be a cause––not a consequence––of the evolution of phenotypic plasticity, and thereby contribute to the evolution of novel traits.
EFFECT OF REFLEX MEDIATED CORE STABILIZATION AND SYSTEM BASED TASK ORIENTED APPROACH ON MOTOR FUNCTION AND MOTOR ABILITY IN CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY: PROTOCOL FOR A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Creators: name: Singh, Swarna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Developmental delay, motor impairment, dynamic neuromuscular stabilization, gross motor function measure, task-oriented approach.

description: Swarna spirit guidelines. docx
Using Computational and Mechanical Models to Study Animal Locomotion
Creators: name: Alben, S.
name: Tytell, E. D.
name: Miller, L. A.
name: Goldman, D. I.
name: Yen, J.
name: Wang, Z. J.
name: Hedrick, T. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Recent advances in computational methods have made realistic large-scale simulations of animal locomotion possible. This has resulted in numerous mathematical and computational studies of animal movement through fluids and over substrates with the purpose of better understanding organisms’ performance and improving the design of vehicles moving through air and water and on land. This work has also motivated the development of improved numerical methods and modeling techniques for animal locomotion that is characterized by the interactions of fluids, substrates, and structures. Despite the large body of recent work in this area, the application of mathematical and numerical methods to improve our understanding of organisms in the context of their environment and physiology has remained relatively unexplored. Nature has evolved a wide variety of fascinating mechanisms of locomotion that exploit the properties of complex materials and fluids, but only recently are the mathematical, computational, and robotic tools available to rigorously compare the relative advantages and disadvantages of different methods of locomotion in variable environments. Similarly, advances in computational physiology have only recently allowed investigators to explore how changes at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels might lead to changes in performance at the organismal level. In this article, we highlight recent examples of how computational, mathematical, and experimental tools can be combined to ultimately answer the questions posed in one of the grand challenges in organismal biology: “Integrating living and physical systems.”
Supplementary material. Prenatal Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) in context of BMI, gestational weight gain and lipid profiles – an association study in pregnant women with overweight or obesity.
Creators: name: Schönbacher Lukas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Supplementary material. Prenatal Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) in context of BMI, gestational weight gain and lipid profiles – an association study in pregnant women with overweight or obesity.
Pulmonary Fluid Flow Challenges for Experimental and Mathematical Modeling
Creators: name: Levy, R.
name: Grotberg, J. B.
name: Hill, D. B.
name: Forest, M. G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Modeling the flow of fluid in the lungs, even under baseline healthy conditions, presents many challenges. The complex rheology of the fluids, interaction between fluids and structures, and complicated multi-scale geometry all add to the complexity of the problem. We provide a brief overview of approaches used to model three aspects of pulmonary fluid and flow: the surfactant layer in the deep branches of the lung, the mucus layer in the upper airway branches, and closure/reopening of the airway. We discuss models of each aspect, the potential to capture biological and therapeutic information, and open questions worthy of further investigation. We hope to promote multi-disciplinary collaboration by providing insights into mathematical descriptions of fluid-mechanics in the lung and the kinds of predictions these models can make.
Musicians in Space
Creators: name: Leahy, David
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2020

description: Musicians in space (MiS) is a practice-based research project investigating the impact of spatialization on the performance of free improvised music (FiM). It draws heavily on Christopher Small’s idea of musicking to contextualize the argument that in the fifty year history of FiM, improvisers have failed to fully explore possible alternatives to the formal separation and static positioning of the audience and performer. While the conventional performance situation is seen as being integral to the pageantry of the performative experience, I argue that the fixity of the spatial and social arrangement has done little to support the allencompassing and heterarchical aspirations that had once been a noted rallying cry of the free improviser. The thesis traces a journey through a series of live performances involving experienced free improvisers, on the UK and European improvised music scene, and incorporates the voices of over 70 participants. The thesis establishes a separation between hierarchical and heterarchical forms of musicking, where the former emphasizes the convergence of more unifying and fixed ideals associated with the construction and organisation of a musical process, while the later celebrates a more decentralized, polysemic, and self-organizing musicking practice. This categorization is used throughout this research to support a greater degree of understanding of the particular characteristics of FiM within the broader context of music-making. MiS, in essence, simply invites all the participants the option to modify their spatial relationship to the musicking process in order to expand their listening and playing experiences. It was found that this single change, in the approach to performance, greatly influenced many aspects of the FiM process, providing new insights into ways of engaging and listening for both the improviser and the listener. It afforded the improviser new opportunities to connect musically with the ensemble, while elevating the profile of the audience member from a focused listener to a visible participant and active collaborator in the process. This document attempts to establish a clear impression of what was uncovered by this research, while also celebrating the impossibility of capturing in words the complexity of an improvisation experience. It does this by incorporating a range of different forms of writing and a collection of personal depictions of a number of performances and improvising participants. This document also includes links to multi-perspective audio and visual footage of all the performances. This can be found at: http://www.dafmusic.com/Musicians_in_Space/mis_projectbrief.html .
Vitellogenin RNAi Halts Ovarian Growth and Diverts Reproductive Proteins and Lipids in Young Grasshoppers
Creators: name: Hahn, D. A.
name: Veleta, K. A.
name: Canzano, J.
name: Hatle, J. D.
name: Tokar, D. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Reduced reproduction extends lifespan of females in many animals. To test the effects of reproduction on storage of macronutrients, we block reproductive output in the lubber grasshopper by injecting RNAi against the precursor to egg-yolk protein, vitellogenin, in early adulthood. Controls were injected with either buffer or RNAi against the major storage protein in the hemolymph, hexamerin-90. Vitellogenin RNAi greatly reduced both levels of mRNA for vitellogenin and ovarian growth, in comparison to both controls. Fat body mass was increased upon vitellogenin RNAi, but concentrations of the three hexameric storage proteins from the hemolymph were not. Surprisingly, hemolymph vitellogenin levels were increased upon vitellogenin RNAi. Total reproductive protein (hemolymph vitellogenin plus ovarian vitellin) was unchanged by vitellogenin RNAi, as reproductive protein was diverted to the hemolymph. Similarly, the increased lipid storage upon vitellogenin RNAi was largely attributable to the reduction in lipid in the ovary, due to decreased ovarian growth. A BLAST search revealed that the 515 bp sequence of vitellogenin used for RNAi had three 11 bp regions identical to the vitellogenin receptor of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae. This suggests that our treatment, in addition to reducing levels of vitellogenin transcript, may have also blocked transport of vitellogenin from the hemolymph to the ovary. This would be consistent with halted ovarian growth simultaneous with high levels of vitellogenin in the hemolymph. Nonetheless, the accumulation of vitellogenin, instead of hexameric storage proteins, is inconsistent with a simple model of the trade-off between reproduction and storage. This was observed in young females; future studies will address whether investment of proteins may shift to the soma as individuals age. Overall, our results suggest that blockage of reproduction in young grasshoppers redirects lipids to storage and reproductive proteins to the hemolymph.
The Emergent City (2007- 2017): Artistic explorations of the control and the ethics of data
Creators: name: Tanza, Steve
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2020

description: The PhD by Published Works examines selected practice-based artworks made by the author - the artist Stanza - over a ten-year period. This thesis represents an opportunity to reflect back on a body of digital artworks after they have been made and to re-examine the artworks that were conducted through artistic practice-based research and to contextualise them in an academic framework. This PhD focuses on selected art projects made in the period 2007 to 2017 but are grounded in work under the title The Emergent City developed from the author's AHRC research fellowship at Goldsmiths College, University of London from 2006 to 2009. The research became an investigation into the ubiquity of real-time data within the city to create new media artworks. The practice resulted from technical investigations via sensor-based inquiry into real-time global observations currently employed via data harvesting technologies which cannot be separated from the artworks made and presented. This thesis discloses how, through practice-based research, these artworks contribute to the field of new media art by investigating real-time data flows, that simultaneously allow the meaning to be shifted, altered, parsed, and represented back to us, the audience, as art. Furthermore, and in context, the work incorporates inquiry into dataveillance , the smart city and the Internet of Things (IoT). The body of work The Emergent City incorporates research based digital artworks which are all in turn investigations into archives of these data that are controlled via bespoke online interfaces, which have been reformed and recounted into real-time experiences, as emergent artworks made by the author. The artworks are not only expressions of ideas that create a rich understanding of complex concepts of the contemporary issues of surveillance and privacy. They could also be described as technological demonstrators that cross multi-disciplinary boundaries, including art, computing and urban studies. Through numerous commissions, and research grants, these artworks have in common that they scrutinised the real-time city as a panoptic control system. Over twenty art projects (2007 - 2017) have been made using live real-time environmental data, surveillance and security data that have been presented and exhibited in various galleries worldwide from the Bruges Museum to the V&A and supported by numerous curators, which will be discussed. Finally, conclusions drawn at the end relate to the possibilities offered to artists by representing city environments with data and how artworks can enable us to critically reflect upon issues concerning surveillance through data-oriented new media artworks. The projects are all viewable online at www.stanza.co.uk where all these art projects are archived as online interfaces and online visualizations, as well as data-driven dynamic artworks in the form of large scale installations, or sculptural objects.
Field Flight Dynamics of Hummingbirds during Territory Encroachment and Defense
Creators: name: Sholtis, Katherine M.
name: Shelton, Ryan M.
name: Hedrick, Tyson L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Hummingbirds are known to defend food resources such as nectar sources from encroachment by competitors (including conspecifics). These competitive intraspecific interactions provide an opportunity to quantify the biomechanics of hummingbird flight performance during ecologically relevant natural behavior. We recorded the three-dimensional flight trajectories of Ruby-throated Hummingbirds defending, being chased from and freely departing from a feeder. These trajectories allowed us to compare natural flight performance to earlier laboratory measurements of maximum flight speed, aerodynamic force generation and power estimates. During field observation, hummingbirds rarely approached the maximal flight speeds previously reported from wind tunnel tests and never did so during level flight. However, the accelerations and rates of change in kinetic and potential energy we recorded indicate that these hummingbirds likely operated near the maximum of their flight force and metabolic power capabilities during these competitive interactions. Furthermore, although birds departing from the feeder while chased did so faster than freely-departing birds, these speed gains were accomplished by modulating kinetic and potential energy gains (or losses) rather than increasing overall power output, essentially trading altitude for speed during their evasive maneuver. Finally, the trajectories of defending birds were directed toward the position of the encroaching bird rather than the feeder.
Did Maxwell dream of electrical bacteria?
Creators: name: Alfinito, Eleonora
name: Cesaria, Maura
name: Beccaria, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We propose a model for bacterial Quorum Sensing based on an auxiliary electrostatic-like interac-tion originating from a fictitious electrical charge that represents bacteria activity. A cooperative mechanism for charge/activity exchange is introduced to implement chemotaxis and replication. The bacteria system is thus represented by means of a complex resistor network where link re-sistances take into account the allowed activity-flow among individuals. By explicit spatial sto-chastic simulations, we show that the model exhibits different quasi-realistic behaviors from colo-ny formation to biofilm aggregation. The electrical signal associated with Quorum Sensing is ana-lyzed in space and time and provides useful information about the colony dynamics. In particular, we analyze the transition between the planktonic and the colony phases as the intensity of Quorum Sensing is varied.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Nanoparticles and their applications in cell and molecular biology
Creators: name: Wang, Edina C.
name: Wang, Andrew Z.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Nanoparticles can be engineered with distinctive compositions, sizes, shapes, and surface chemistries to enable novel techniques in a wide range of biological applications. The unique properties of nanoparticles and their behavior in biological milieu also enable exciting and integrative approaches to studying fundamental biological questions. This review will provide an overview of various types of nanoparticles and concepts of targeting nanoparticles. We will also discuss the advantages and recent applications of using nanoparticles as tools for drug delivery, imaging, sensing, and for the understanding of basic biological processes.
Additional file 1 of Intratumoral delivery of TransCon™ TLR7/8 Agonist promotes sustained anti-tumor activity and local immune cell activation while minimizing systemic cytokine induction
Creators: name: Zúñiga, Luis Alejandro
name: Leßmann, Torben
name: Uppal, Karan
name: Bisek, Nicola
name: Hong, Enping
name: Rasmussen, Caroline E.
name: Karlsson, Jens-Jakob
name: Zettler, Joachim
name: Holten-Andersen, Lars
name: Bang, Kathy
name: Thakar, Dhruv
name: Lee, Yu-Chi
name: Martinez, Salomon
name: Sabharwal, Simran Singh
name: Stark, Sebastian
name: Faltinger, Frank
name: Kracker, Oliver
name: Weisbrod, Samuel
name: Müller, Robin
name: Voigt, Tobias
name: Bigott, Kornelia
name: Tabrizifard, Mohammad
name: Breinholt, Vibeke Miller
name: Mirza, Amer M.
name: Rosen, David B.
name: Sprogøe, Kennett
name: Punnonen, Juha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Table S1A. Flow cytometry reagents for analysis of mouse blood. Table S1B. Populations analyzed in mouse blood. Table S2A. Flow cytometry reagents for analysis of antigen presenting cells from mouse tDLN and tumor cell samples. Table S2B. Antigen presenting cell populations analyzed in mouse tDLN and tumor cell samples. Table S3A. Flow cytometry reagents for analysis of lymphoid cells from mouse tDLN and tumor cell samples. Table S3B. Lymphoid cell populations analyzed in mouse tDLN and tumor cell samples. Table S4A. Flow cytometry reagents for analysis of AH1-tetramer+ cells from mouse tumor cell samples. Table S4B. AH1-tetramer+ cell populations analyzed in mouse tumor samples
Narrating Disability, Narrating Religious Practice: Reconciliation and Fragile X Syndrome
Creators: name: Skinner, Debra
name: Michie, Marsha
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: This article examines the place of religion in the narratives of mothers of children with fragile X syndrome. In semistructured interviews, a majority of women combined narratives of religious practice with illness narratives, interpreting their children’s disabilities within a religious framework. Informed by Arthur Frank’s (1995) concept of “wounded storytellers,” the authors articulate a reconciliation narrative that mothers commonly used to describe their transition from viewing disability as a burden or challenge to seeing it as a blessing, or as a part of God’s purpose or plan for their lives. The authors discuss the significance of narrative for better understanding religious perspectives on disability and conclude with the implications of these findings for practitioners and future research.
Accelerating the Sinkhorn algorithm for sparse multi-marginal optimal transport by fast Fourier transforms
Creators: name: Ba, Fatima Antarou
name: Quellmalz, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49Q22, 65T50, 65D18, 49M20

description: We consider the numerical solution of the discrete multi-marginal optimal transport (MOT) by means of the Sinkhorn algorithm. In general, the Sinkhorn algorithm suffers from the curse of dimensionality with respect to the number of marginals. If the MOT cost function decouples according to a tree or circle, its complexity is linear in the number of marginal measures. In this case, we speed up the convolution with the radial kernel required in the Sinkhorn algorithm by non-uniform fast Fourier methods. Each step of the proposed accelerated Sinkhorn algorithm with a tree-structured cost function has a complexity of $\mathcal O(K N)$ instead of the classical $\mathcal O(K N^2)$ for straightforward matrix-vector operations, where $K$ is the number of marginals and each marginal measure is supported on at most $N$ points. In case of a circle-structured cost function, the complexity improves from $\mathcal O(K N^3)$ to $\mathcal O(K N^2)$. This is confirmed by numerical experiments.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures
Comparative Study of MPLS Traffic Engineering Signal Protocols with Different Audio Codecs
Creators: name: abbas, shaimaa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 400604
subject: Network engineering

description: Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) technology is capable of reducing network congestion and enhancing management of network resources by adapting efficient load balancing schemes based on Traffic Engineering (TE) signal protocols. This thesis addresses the performance of MPLS networks in the presence of TE signal protocols for Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) applications.
Performance comparison between two TE signal protocols, namely the Constraint-based Routing Label Distribution Protocol (CR-LDP) and Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP), is made. Simulation results are presented of two fourswitch MPLS networks having six and eight routers, respectively. The study addresses the following different audio codecs including PCM (64 Kbps), GSM FR (13 Kbps), G.723.1 (5.3 Kbps), G.726 (16 Kbps), G.728 (16 Kbps), G.729 (8 Kbps) and IS-641(7.4 Kbps). The performance of these codecs is presented and compared in the absence and presence of Quality of Service (QoS) algorithms including FirstIn First-Out (FIFO), Priority Queuing (PQ), and Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ). Numbers of maintained calls, jitter, Packet Delay Variation (PDV), and end-to-end delay are used as measure parameters for performance assessment.
Before using QoS algorithms, the MPLS network with CR-LDP has a noticeable performance advantage compared to the MPLS network with RSVP. It is (500%) more than RSVP in terms of number of maintained calls in the first network and (700%) in the second network. After applying QoS algorithms, the WFQ queuing is more compatible with RSVP than CRLDP protocol. The number of maintained calls in RSVP-WFQ is (228%) more than in CRLDP-WFQ for the first network and (107%) for the second network. Using QoS along with TE in MPLS network decreases the jitter, packet delay variation, and end-to-end packet delay compared to the case of using TE alone. Further, the PQ algorithm gives the lowest delay of the other algorithms. Comparison among audio codecs shows that G.723.1 gives the highest number of calls when RSVP, WFQ, and G.723.1 are used together. Simulation results are obtained using OPNET modeler 14.5
Development and preliminary evaluation of a telephone-based coping skills training intervention for survivors of acute lung injury and their informal caregivers
Creators: name: Cox, Christopher E.
name: White, Douglas B.
name: Carson, Shannon S.
name: Tulsky, James A.
name: Kahn, Jeremy M.
name: Hough, Catherine L.
name: Porter, Laura S.
name: Keefe, Francis J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Survivors of acute lung injury (ALI) and their informal caregivers have difficulty coping with the physical and emotional challenges of recovery from critical illness. We aimed to develop and pilot test a telephone-based coping skills training intervention for this population.
Efficacy and tolerability of second-generation antidepressants in social anxiety disorder
Creators: name: Gartlehner, Gerald
name: Moore, Charity G.
name: Lohr, Kathleen N.
name: Hansen, Richard A.
name: Gaynes, Bradley N.
name: Tiwari, Ruchi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacy and tolerability of second-generation antidepressants in social anxiety disorder. Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE®, Embase, The Cochrane Library, PsychLit, and the International Pharmaceutical Abstracts from January 1980 through October 2006. Comparative evidence was summarized and indirect comparisons were made using network meta-analysis. Only three head-to-head trials were identified; comparative trials found only minimal differences in efficacy between escitalopram and paroxetine, and no statistically significant differences in efficacy between extended-release venlafaxine and paroxetine. Pooled evidence from 15 placebo-controlled trials suggests that escitalopram (relative benefit 1.3; 95% CI 1.2 to 1.5), paroxetine (relative benefit 1.9; 95% CI 1.5 to 2.3), sertraline (relative benefit 1.8; 95% CI 1.5 to 2.2), and venlafaxine (relative benefit 1.7; 95% CI 1.5 to 1.9) all produce significantly more responders than placebo; evidence favored fluvoxamine over placebo but was not significant (relative benefit 1.5; 95% CI 0.9 to 2.4). Network meta-analysis did not reveal differences in efficacy among drugs. Overall, fair evidence supports the efficacy of escitalopram, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine in social anxiety disorder. The drugs do not differ in efficacy, although their adverse event profiles do.
Mitochondrial plasticity and life history in field crickets
Creators: name: Treidel, Lisa
name: Goswami, Priyanka
name: Williams, Caroline
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mitochondria
subject: Gryllus firmus
subject: Gryllus lineaticeps
subject: Bioenergetics
subject: Life histories
subject: Physiology (medical)
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Mitochondria serve as critical producers of both cellular energy and metabolic precursors for biosynthesis required for organismal growth, activity, somatic maintenance, and reproduction. Consequently, variation in mitochondrial function is commonly associated with variation in life histories both within and across species. For instance, flight-capable long-winged crickets have mitochondria with larger bioenergetic capacities than flightless short-winged crickets investing in early lifetime fecundity instead of flight. However, we do not know whether differences in mitochondrial function associated with life history are fixed or result from flexible changes in metabolism throughout the life cycle. We measured mitochondrial function of fat body tissue across early adulthood of long-winged and short-winged crickets from two species of wing-polymorphic field crickets (Gryllus firmus and Gryllus lineaticeps). Fat body is a multifunctional organ that supports both flight and reproduction in insects. Consistent with flexibility in mitochondrial function specific for alternative life histories, capacity for oxidative phosphorylation increases in mitochondria throughout early adulthood in fat body of long-winged but not short-winged crickets. Furthermore, fat body mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacities declined rapidly when long-wing crickets degraded their flight muscles and initiated large-scale oogenesis. This finding suggests that shifts in tissue function require a concurrent shift in mitochondrial function and that tissue-specific functional constraints may underpin the flight-oogenesis trade-off. In conclusion, changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics form a component of alternative life histories, indicating that mitochondrial function is dynamic and set to a level that matches current and future energetic demands and biosynthetic requirements of life history.
description: Funding provided by: University of California Berkeley
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100006978
Award Number:
description: Data was collected using high-resolution respirometry (an O2k from Oroborous Instruments) on mitochondria isolated from cricket fat body. Data was processed in DatLab and analyzed in R. All details on methods and analysis are found in the Methods and Materials Section of the manuscript.
Protection of noise squeezing in a quantum interferometer with optimal resource allocation
Creators: name: Huang, Wenfeng
name: Liang, Xinyun
name: Zhu, Baiqiang
name: Yan, Yuhan
name: Yuan, Chun-Hua
name: Zhang, Weiping
name: Chen, Liqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interferometers are crucial for precision measurements, including gravitational waves, laser ranging, radar, and imaging. The phase sensitivity, the core parameter, can be quantum-enhanced to break the standard quantum limit (SQL) using quantum states. However, quantum states are highly fragile and quickly degrade with losses. We design and demonstrate a quantum interferometer utilizing a beam splitter with a variable splitting ratio to protect the quantum resource against environmental impacts. The optimal phase sensitivity can reach the quantum Cramér-Rao bound of the system. This quantum interferometer can greatly reduce the quantum source requirements in quantum measurements. In theory, with a 66.6% loss rate, the sensitivity can break the SQL using only a 6.0 dB squeezed quantum resource with the current interferometer rather than a 24 dB squeezed quantum resource with a conventional squeezing-vacuum-injected Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In experiments, when using a 2.0 dB squeezed vacuum state, the sensitivity enhancement remains at ~1.6 dB via optimizing the first splitting ratio when the loss rate changes from 0% to 90%, indicating that the quantum resource is excellently protected with the existence of losses in practical applications. This strategy could open a way to retain quantum advantages for quantum information processing and quantum precision measurement in lossy environments.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Bioinformatics pipelines and data visualization working group: Integrating bioinformatics solutions to improve global Public Health
Creators: name: Southgate, Jamie
name: Libuit, Kevin
name: PHA4GE Bioinformatics Pipelines & Data Visualization Working Group Members
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2022

description: The development and implementation of low cost, high throughput genomic sequencing has been a game changing innovation for global public health and the prevention and management of infectious diseases. As pathogen sequencing becomes increasingly routine, access to flexible, long-term bioinformatics capacity has emerged as an essential need for public health laboratories worldwide. Current approaches for developing public health Bioinformatics software are highly fragmented, relying primarily on Government platforms and academic software development, frequently to the exclusion of interested participants. The Public Health Alliance for Genomic Epidemiology (PHA4GE) is a community of practitioners from academia, public health bodies and private industry focused on the establishment of an open source, community-supported environment for bioinformatics software development, installation, validation, and support to promote global public health.

 The Pipelines and Data Visualization Working Group is housed within PHA4GE and was formed out of concerns that public health Bioinformatics workflows were becoming increasingly complicated. Efforts were needed to promote sensible standardization, interoperability, portability and reproducibility of assays and workflows across a range of environments, contexts and resource conditions.

 The Working Group hosts bi-monthly meetings to discuss critical challenges in the field of public health bioinformatics, highlight valuable resources and open-source software that address such challenges, and freely discuss working-group members’ current projects and scientific pursuits to foster open communication and collaboration amongst members.

 The Working Group is actively involved in creating, maintaining, and distributing guidance documents and resources that address common challenges regarding the integration and application of bioinformatics solutions that support global COVID-19 and other emerging pathogen response efforts. These resources have been made publicly available through a PHA4GE hosted GitHub repository: https://github.com/pha4ge/pipeline-resources. New members are gladly welcomed. For further information, please visit pha4ge.org.
Adolescent Sexual Behavior and Reproductive Outcomes In Central America: Trends over the Past Two Decades
Creators: name: Speizer, Ilene S.
name: Samandari, Ghazaleh
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Compared with the Latin American average,adolescent fertility is high in El Salvador,Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua,countries that also have high poverty levels and poor access to reproductive health care.