cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dynamics with Infinitely Many Derivatives: Variable Coefficient Equations
Creators: name: Barnaby, Neil
name: Kamran, Niky
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Infinite order differential equations have come to play an increasingly significant role in theoretical physics. Field theories with infinitely many derivatives are ubiquitous in string field theory and have attracted interest recently also from cosmologists. Crucial to any application is a firm understanding of the mathematical structure of infinite order partial differential equations. In our previous work we developed a formalism to study the initial value problem for linear infinite order equations with constant coefficients. Our approach relied on the use of a contour integral representation for the functions under consideration. In many applications, including the study of cosmological perturbations in nonlocal inflation, one must solve linearized partial differential equations about some time-dependent background. This typically leads to variable coefficient equations, in which case the contour integral methods employed previously become inappropriate. In this paper we develop the theory of a particular class of linear infinite order partial differential equations with variable coefficients. Our formalism is particularly well suited to the types of equations that arise in nonlocal cosmological perturbation theory. As an example to illustrate our formalism we compute the leading corrections to the scalar field perturbations in p-adic inflation and show explicitly that these are small on large scales.
description: 26 pages, 2 figures
The genetic architecture of DNA replication timing in human pluripotent stem cells
Creators: name: Ding, Qiliang
name: Edwards, Matthew M.
name: Wang, Ning
name: Zhu, Xiang
name: Bracci, Alexa N.
name: Hulke, Michelle L.
name: Hu, Ya
name: Tong, Yao
name: Hsiao, Joyce
name: Charvet, Christine J.
name: Ghosh, Sulagna
name: Handsaker, Robert E.
name: Eggan, Kevin
name: Merkle, Florian T.
name: Gerhardt, Jeannine
name: Egli, Dieter
name: Clark, Andrew G.
name: Koren, Amnon
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/337/151
/631/337/176
/631/208/726
/631/208/457
/45/43
/45/100
/45/23
article

description: Funder: National Institute of Health (NIH) DP2-GM123495
description: Abstract: DNA replication follows a strict spatiotemporal program that intersects with chromatin structure but has a poorly understood genetic basis. To systematically identify genetic regulators of replication timing, we exploited inter-individual variation in human pluripotent stem cells from 349 individuals. We show that the human genome’s replication program is broadly encoded in DNA and identify 1,617 cis-acting replication timing quantitative trait loci (rtQTLs) – sequence determinants of replication initiation. rtQTLs function individually, or in combinations of proximal and distal regulators, and are enriched at sites of histone H3 trimethylation of lysines 4, 9, and 36 together with histone hyperacetylation. H3 trimethylation marks are individually repressive yet synergistically associate with early replication. We identify pluripotency-related transcription factors and boundary elements as positive and negative regulators of replication timing, respectively. Taken together, human replication timing is controlled by a multi-layered mechanism with dozens of effectors working combinatorially and following principles analogous to transcription regulation.
Production and decays of the light pseudoscalar boson $η$ at the LHC in the simplest little Higgs model
Creators: name: Cheung, Kingman
name: Song, Jeonghyeon
name: Tseng, Poyan
name: Yan, Qi-Shu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In many extensions of the standard model, the Higgs sector often contains an additional pseudoscalar boson. A good example is the SU(3) simplest little Higgs model, which accommodates a light pseudoscalar boson $η$ with quite different characteristics from those in other multi-Higgs-doublet models. We study various phenomenological signatures of the $η$ at the LHC. In particular, we calculate in details both production and decays in the Drell-Yan type channel $q \bar{q} \to Z/Z' \to h η$, and in the associated production with a $t\bar t$ pair, $gg (q\bar q) \to t \bar t η$. We emphasize the $τ^+ τ^-$ decay mode of the $η$ boson when its mass is below the $b\bar b$ threshold. We show that $t\bar t η$ production is in fact large enough to give a sizable number of events while suppressing the backgrounds. We also comment on the direct gluon fusion process and the indirect decay from the heavy $T$ quark ($T \to t η$)
description: 25 pages, 10 figures; references added
Spectroscopy with dynamical Chirally Improved quarks
Creators: name: Gattringer, Christof
name: Lang, C. B.
name: Limmer, Markus
name: Maurer, Thilo
name: Mohler, Daniel
name: Schäfer, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present recent results of our dynamical simulations with Chirally Improved fermions and report on new developments in the determination of excited light-quark meson states using interpolators constructed by applying covariant derivatives on Jacobi-smeared quark sources within the framework of the variational method.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures; talk presented at the XXVI International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, 14-19 July 2008, Williamsburg, VA, USA
Recent observation of short range nucleon correlations in nuclei and their implications for the structure of nuclei and neutron stars
Creators: name: Frankfurt, Leonid
name: Sargsian, Misak
name: Strikman, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Novel processes probing the decay of nucleus after removal of a nucleon with momentum larger than Fermi momentum by hard probes finally proved unambiguously the evidence for long sought presence of short-range correlations (SRCs) in nuclei. In combination with the analysis of large $Q^2$, A(e,e')X processes at $x>1$ they allow us to conclude that (i) practically all nucleons with momenta $\ge$ 300 MeV/c belong to SRCs, consisting mostly of two nucleons, ii) probability of such SRCs in medium and heavy nuclei is $\sim 25%$, iii) a fast removal of such nucleon practically always leads to emission of correlated nucleon with approximately opposite momentum, iv) proton removal from two-nucleon SRCs in 90% of cases is accompanied by a removal of a neutron and only in 10% by a removal of another proton. We explain that observed absolute probabilities and the isospin structure of two nucleon SRCs confirm the important role that tensor forces play in internucleon interactions. We find also that the presence of SRCs requires modifications of the Landau Fermi liquid approach to highly asymmetric nuclear matter and leads to a significantly faster cooling of cold neutron stars with neutrino cooling operational even for $N_p/N_n \le 0.1$. The effect is even stronger for the hyperon stars. Theoretical challenges raised by the discovered dominance of nucleon degrees of freedom in SRCs and important role of the spontaneously broken chiral symmetry in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in resolving them are considered. We also outline directions for future theoretical and experimental studies of the physics relevant for SRCs.
description: 74 pages. Review article, updated version to be published in International Journal of Modern Physics A
Kinematical & Chemical Characteristics of the Thin and Thick Disks
Creators: name: Wyse, Rosemary F. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss how the chemical abundance distributions, kinematics and age distributions of stars in the thin and thick disks of the Galaxy can be used to decipher the merger history of the Milky Way, a typical large galaxy. The observational evidence points to a rather quiescent past merging history, unusual in the context of the `consensus' cold-dark-matter cosmology favoured from observations of structure on scales larger than individual galaxies.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures; review at IAU Symposium 254, `The Galaxy Disk in Cosmological Context', Copenhagen, June 2008, eds J. Andersen, J. Bland-Hawthorn & B. Nordstrom
$μ-τ$ Reflection Symmetry in in Lepton Mixing and Radiatively Generated Leptogenesis
Creators: name: Ahn, Y. H.
name: Kang, Sin Kyu
name: Kim, C. S.
name: Nguyen, T. Phong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a $μ- τ$ reflection symmetry in neutrino sector realized at the GUT scale in the context of the seesaw model. In our scenario, the exact $μ- τ$ reflection symmetry realized in the basis where the charged lepton and heavy Majorana mass matrices are diagonal, leads to vanishing lepton asymmetries. We find that, in the minimal supersymmetry extension of the seesaw model with appropriate values of $\tanβ$, the renormalization group (RG) evolution from the GUT scale to seesaw scale can induce a successful leptogenesis. It is shown that the right amount of the baryon asymmetries $η_B$ can be achieved via so-called resonant leptogenesis, which can be realized at rather low seesaw scale in our scenario, so that the well-known gravitino problem is safely avoided. In this work, we consider both flavor dependent and flavor independent leptogenesis, and demonstrate how they lead to different amounts of baryon asymmetries in detail.
description: This paper has been withdraw
Egocentric Videoconferencing
Creators: name: Elgharib, Mohamed
name: Mendiratta, Mohit
name: Thies, Justus
name: Nießner, Matthias
name: Seidel, Hans-Peter
name: Tewari, Ayush
name: Golyanik, Vladislav
name: Theobalt, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a method for egocentric videoconferencing that enables hands-free video calls, for instance by people wearing smart glasses or other mixed-reality devices. Videoconferencing portrays valuable non-verbal communication and face expression cues, but usually requires a front-facing camera. Using a frontal camera in a hands-free setting when a person is on the move is impractical. Even holding a mobile phone camera in the front of the face while sitting for a long duration is not convenient. To overcome these issues, we propose a low-cost wearable egocentric camera setup that can be integrated into smart glasses. Our goal is to mimic a classical video call, and therefore, we transform the egocentric perspective of this camera into a front facing video. To this end, we employ a conditional generative adversarial neural network that learns a transition from the highly distorted egocentric views to frontal views common in videoconferencing. Our approach learns to transfer expression details directly from the egocentric view without using a complex intermediate parametric expressions model, as it is used by related face reenactment methods. We successfully handle subtle expressions, not easily captured by parametric blendshape-based solutions, e.g., tongue movement, eye movements, eye blinking, strong expressions and depth varying movements. To get control over the rigid head movements in the target view, we condition the generator on synthetic renderings of a moving neutral face. This allows us to synthesis results at different head poses. Our technique produces temporally smooth video-realistic renderings in real-time using a video-to-video translation network in conjunction with a temporal discriminator. We demonstrate the improved capabilities of our technique by comparing against related state-of-the art approaches.
description: Mohamed Elgharib and Mohit Mendiratta contributed equally to this work. http://gvv.mpi-inf.mpg.de/projects/EgoChat/
editorial: Max Webers Protestantismus-These. Kritik und Antikritik
Creators: name: Fleck, Christian
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 2012

description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 23 Nr. 3 (2012): Max Webers Protestantismusthese. Kritik und Antikritik
Global Dimension of Polynomial Rings in Partially Commuting Variables
Creators: name: Husainov, Ahmet A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16E05, 16E10, 16E40, 18G10, 18G20

description: For any free partially commutative monoid $M(E,I)$, we compute the global dimension of the category of $M(E,I)$-objects in an Abelian category with exact coproducts. As a corollary, we generalize Hilbert's Syzygy Theorem to polynomial rings in partially commuting variables.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
A Comment on a Recent Work by Heinz Steinert on Max Weber
Creators: name: Segre, Sandro
Publisher: name: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies
Year: 2020

description: The article is a comment on a recent book concerning Weber’s Protestant Ethic thesis by Heinz Steinert. After producing a summary of its contents, the article raises a number of objections to Steinert’s critical comments, bearing in particular on the clarity, methodological correctness and historical accuracy of the Weber’s thesis; and also on the adequacy of the arguments produ- ced by the secondary literature on this thesis. The article concludes by calling into question Steinert’s scholarship in a number of fields that are related to it, such as theology, history, and his knowledge and understanding of Weber’s own works. Finally, Steinert’s contention that there was a bourgeois cultural hegemony in Fin-de-siècle Vienna is shown to be untenable.
description: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies, Bd. 23 Nr. 3 (2012): Max Webers Protestantismusthese. Kritik und Antikritik
Reference dependence, loss aversion and residential property development decisions
Creators: name: Bao, Helen X. H.
name: Meng, Charlotte Chunming
name: Wu, Jing
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
Reference dependence
Loss aversion
Behavioural economics
Real estate development
Chinese housing market

description: Funder: Economic and Social Research Council; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000269
description: Funder: Newnham College, University of Cambridge; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000663
description: Abstract: We analyse land transaction and residential development data from Beijing, China and identify that developers’ evaluation of land transaction exhibits reference dependence and loss aversion. Developers with prior land transaction losses set higher house prices than those without prior losses. This effect is strongest at the beginning and towards the end of the property sales period. It is moderated by developers’ ownership structure and listing status. Privately-owned firms experience stronger effects than their state-owned counterparts, whereas unlisted firms are more strongly affected than their listed counterparts. Results have implications on the relationship between the land and the housing markets in China. In a booming land market where land acquisition entails a high price, developers will transfer excess land price to house prices, thereby increasing the latter. The land market plays an integral role in managing housing prices in China.
Topological Identification of Spin-1/2 Two-Leg Ladder with Four-Spin Ring Exchange
Creators: name: Maruyama, I.
name: Hirano, T.
name: Hatsugai, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A spin-1/2 two-leg ladder with four-spin ring exchange is studied by quantized Berry phases, used as local order parameters. Reflecting local objects, non-trivial ($π$) Berry phase is founded on a rung for the rung-singlet phase and on a plaquette for the vector-chiral phase. Since the quantized Berry phase is topological invariant for gapped systems with the time reversal symmetry, topologically identical models can be obtained by the adiabatic modification. The rung-singlet phase is adiabatically connected to a decoupled rung-singlet model and the vector-chiral phase is connected to a decoupled vector-chiral model. Decoupled models reveals that the local objects are a local singlet and a plaquette singlet respectively.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Pericoronary and periaortic adipose tissue density are associated with inflammatory disease activity in Takayasu arteritis and atherosclerosis.
Creators: name: Wall, Christopher
name: Huang, Yuan
name: Le, Elizabeth P V
name: Ćorović, Andrej
name: Uy, Christopher P
name: Gopalan, Deepa
name: Ma, Chuoxin
name: Manavaki, Roido
name: Fryer, Tim D
name: Aloj, Luigi
name: Graves, Martin J
name: Tombetti, Enrico
name: Ariff, Ben
name: Bambrough, Paul
name: Hoole, Stephen P
name: Rusk, Rosemary A
name: Jayne, David R
name: Dweck, Marc R
name: Newby, David
name: Fayad, Zahi A
name: Bennett, Martin R
name: Peters, James E
name: Slomka, Piotr
name: Dey, Damini
name: Mason, Justin C
name: Rudd, James H F
name: Tarkin, Jason M
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: coronary artery disease
Takayasu Arteritis
Pericoronary Adipose Tissue Density

description: AimsTo examine pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) and periaortic adipose tissue (PAAT) density on coronary computed tomography angiography for assessing arterial inflammation in Takayasu arteritis (TAK) and atherosclerosis.Methods and resultsPCAT and PAAT density was measured in coronary (n = 1016) and aortic (n = 108) segments from 108 subjects [TAK + coronary artery disease (CAD), n = 36; TAK, n = 18; atherosclerotic CAD, n = 32; matched controls, n = 22]. Median PCAT and PAAT densities varied between groups (mPCAT: P < 0.0001; PAAT: P = 0.0002). PCAT density was 7.01 ± standard error of the mean (SEM) 1.78 Hounsfield Unit (HU) higher in coronary segments from TAK + CAD patients than stable CAD patients (P = 0.0002), and 8.20 ± SEM 2.04 HU higher in TAK patients without CAD than controls (P = 0.0001). mPCAT density was correlated with Indian Takayasu Clinical Activity Score (r = 0.43, P = 0.001) and C-reactive protein (r = 0.41, P < 0.0001) and was higher in active vs. inactive TAK (P = 0.002). mPCAT density above -74 HU had 100% sensitivity and 95% specificity for differentiating active TAK from controls [area under the curve = 0.99 (95% confidence interval 0.97-1)]. The association of PCAT density and coronary arterial inflammation measured by 68Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography (PET) equated to an increase of 2.44 ± SEM 0.77 HU in PCAT density for each unit increase in 68Ga-DOTATATE maximum tissue-to-blood ratio (P = 0.002). These findings remained in multivariable sensitivity analyses adjusted for potential confounders.ConclusionsPCAT and PAAT density are higher in TAK than atherosclerotic CAD or controls and are associated with clinical, biochemical, and PET markers of inflammation. Owing to excellent diagnostic accuracy, PCAT density could be useful as a clinical adjunct for assessing disease activity in TAK.
editorial: die erzeugung des berufs
Creators: name: Mejstrik, Alexander
name: Wadauer, Sigrid
name: Buchner, Thomas
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 2013

description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 24 Nr. 1 (2013): Die Erzeugung des Berufs
Acoustic Rashba-Edelstein effect
Creators: name: Funato, Takumi
name: Matsuo, Mamoru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the mechanical induction of the spin density via the Rashba spin--orbit interaction (SOI). The spin density in the linear response to lattice distortion dynamics is calculated based on the microscopic theory. We reveal that there are two mechanisms of spin induction: one is the acoustic Edelstein effect (AEE) from the acceleration of the lattice dynamics and the other is caused by the Rashba spin--vorticity coupling (RSVC). We find that the AEE induces a more efficient spin-to-charge conversion in comparison with the conventional electric Edelstein effect. The induced spin density due to the RSVC is expressed as a Berry curvature-like quantity; therefore, it can be attributed to the spatial symmetry breaking due to the Rashba SOI. Our work demonstrates high-efficiency spin generation in Rashba systems.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
An investigation of geochemically enriched hotspots - an example from the Tasmantid Seamounts, the Azores, and Hawai'i
Creators: name: RUTTOR, SASKIA
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 40203 Isotope Geochemistry

description: Hot mantle material can rise towards the surface from a depth of 2900 km underneath us. Processes that this mantle material experiences before it erupts as an intraplate volcano are not well understood yet. This thesis will use iron isotopes to understand such processes better. For this, I analysed lavas from the Tasmantid Seamounts, the Azores, and Hawai’i. The results show that Fe isotopes are useful to identify the melting conditions, mantle material, and alteration processes that the lavas experience prior to eruption.
Chaoticity in the vicinity of complex unstable periodic orbits in galactic type potentials
Creators: name: Patsis, P. A.
name: Manos, T.
name: Chaves-Velasquez, L.
name: Skokos, Ch.
name: Puerari, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the evolution of phase space close to complex unstable periodic orbits in two galactic type potentials. They represent characteristic morphological types of disc galaxies, namely barred and normal (non-barred) spiral galaxies. These potentials are known for providing building blocks to support observed features such as the peanut, or X-shaped bulge, in the former case and the spiral arms in the latter. We investigate the possibility that these structures are reinforced, apart by regular orbits, also by orbits in the vicinity of complex unstable periodic orbits. We examine the evolution of the phase space structure in the immediate neighbourhood of the periodic orbits in cases where the stability of a family presents a successive transition from stability to complex instability and then to stability again, as energy increases. We find that we have a gradual reshaping of invariant structures close to the transition points and we trace this evolution in both models. We conclude that for time scales significant for the dynamics of galaxies, there are weakly chaotic orbits associated with complex unstable periodic orbits, which should be considered as structure-supporting, since they reinforce the morphological features we study.
description: 21 pages, 16 figures (accepted for publication in Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena)
Packaged Software Implementation Requirements Engineering by Small Software Enterprises
Creators: name: Jebreen, Issam
name: Wellington, Robert
name: MacDonell, Stephen G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Small to medium sized business enterprises (SMEs) generally thrive because they have successfully done something unique within a niche market. For this reason, SMEs may seek to protect their competitive advantage by avoiding any standardization encouraged by the use of packaged software (PS). Packaged software implementation at SMEs therefore presents challenges relating to how best to respond to misfits between the functionality offered by the packaged software and each SME's business needs. An important question relates to which processes small software enterprises - or Small to Medium-Sized Software Development Companies (SMSSDCs) - apply in order to identify and then deal with these misfits. To explore the processes of packaged software (PS) implementation, an ethnographic study was conducted to gain in-depth insights into the roles played by analysts in two SMSSDCs. The purpose of the study was to understand PS implementation in terms of requirements engineering (or 'PSIRE'). Data collected during the ethnographic study were analyzed using an inductive approach. Based on our analysis of the cases we constructed a theoretical model explaining the requirements engineering process for PS implementation, and named it the PSIRE Parallel Star Model. The Parallel Star Model shows that during PSIRE, more than one RE process can be carried out at the same time. The Parallel Star Model has few constraints, because not only can processes be carried out in parallel, but they do not always have to be followed in a particular order. This paper therefore offers a novel investigation and explanation of RE practices for packaged software implementation, approaching the phenomenon from the viewpoint of the analysts, and offers the first extensive study of packaged software implementation RE (PSIRE) in SMSSDCs.
description: Conference proceeding, 9 pages, 2 figures, 1 tables
Mechanistic insight into the chemical treatments of monolayer transition metal disulfides for photoluminescence enhancement.
Creators: name: Li, Zhaojun
name: Bretscher, Hope
name: Zhang, Yunwei
name: Delport, Géraud
name: Xiao, James
name: Lee, Alpha
name: Stranks, Samuel D
name: Rao, Akshay
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: There is a growing interest in obtaining high quality monolayer transition metal disulfides for optoelectronic applications. Surface treatments using a range of chemicals have proven effective to improve the photoluminescence yield of these materials. However, the underlying mechanism for the photoluminescence enhancement is not clear, which prevents a rational design of passivation strategies. Here, a simple and effective approach to significantly enhance the photoluminescence is demonstrated by using a family of cation donors, which we show to be much more effective than commonly used p-dopants. We develop a detailed mechanistic picture for the action of these cation donors and demonstrate that one of them, bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (Li-TFSI), enhances the photoluminescence of both MoS2 and WS2 to a level double that of the currently best performing super-acid trifluoromethanesulfonimide (H-TFSI) treatment. In addition, the ionic salts used in our treatments are compatible with greener solvents and are easier to handle than super-acids, providing the possibility of performing treatments during device fabrication. This work sets up rational selection rules for ionic chemicals to passivate transition metal disulfides and increases their potential in practical optoelectronic applications.
Punctuated Equilibria
Creators: name: Meskill, David
Publisher: name: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies
Year: 2020

description: Germany’s vocational training system evolved into its modern form in the four decades between 1897 and 1937. This evolution did not occur smoothly, but in three bursts of activity, each under a different political regime. After the 1897 Handwerk Law established a partial model for overcoming incentives problems associated with training skilled workers, between 1907 and 1912 the German state organized a ‘coalition of the willing’ among German engineering and machine-tool firms in order to extend the same model to parts of industry. In the mid-1920s, the major Ger- man industrial groups took the initiative to standardize vocational profiles and training schemes. Finally, in the mid-1930s German industry and key national ministries cooperated to give standardized certifications for industrial vocations legal standing on par with those in handicrafts. As a result, hundreds of thousands of young Germans began entering apprenticeships for skilled work.
description: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies, Bd. 24 Nr. 1 (2013): Die Erzeugung des Berufs
On the asymptotic behavior of the one-dimensional motion of the polytropic ideal gas with degenerate heat conductivity
Creators: name: Cai, Guocai
name: Peng, Yanfang
name: Peng, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q35, 76N10

description: We consider the one-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes system with constant viscosity and the nonlinear heat conductivity being proportional to a positive power of the temperature which may be degenerate. This problem is imposed on the stress-free boundary condition, which reveals the motion of a viscous heat-conducting perfect polytropic gas with adiabatic ends putting into a vacuum. We prove that the solution of one dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes system with the stress-free boundary condition shares the same large-time behavior as the case of constant heat conductivity.
description: 27 pages
HoroPCA: Hyperbolic Dimensionality Reduction via Horospherical Projections
Creators: name: Chami, Ines
name: Gu, Albert
name: Nguyen, Dat
name: Ré, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper studies Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for data lying in hyperbolic spaces. Given directions, PCA relies on: (1) a parameterization of subspaces spanned by these directions, (2) a method of projection onto subspaces that preserves information in these directions, and (3) an objective to optimize, namely the variance explained by projections. We generalize each of these concepts to the hyperbolic space and propose HoroPCA, a method for hyperbolic dimensionality reduction. By focusing on the core problem of extracting principal directions, HoroPCA theoretically better preserves information in the original data such as distances, compared to previous generalizations of PCA. Empirically, we validate that HoroPCA outperforms existing dimensionality reduction methods, significantly reducing error in distance preservation. As a data whitening method, it improves downstream classification by up to 3.9% compared to methods that don't use whitening. Finally, we show that HoroPCA can be used to visualize hyperbolic data in two dimensions.
description: ICML 2021
Gravitational wave detection using multiscale chirplets
Creators: name: Candès, Emmanuel J.
name: Charlton, Philip R.
name: Helgason, Hannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generic `chirp' of the form h(t) = A(t) cos(phi(t)) can be closely approximated by a connected set of multiscale chirplets with quadratically-evolving phase. The problem of finding the best approximation to a given signal using chirplets can be reduced to that of finding the path of minimum cost in a weighted, directed graph, and can be solved in polynomial time via dynamic programming. For a signal embedded in noise we apply constraints on the path length to obtain a statistic for detection of chirping signals in coloured noise. In this paper we present some results from using this test to detect binary black hole coalescences in simulated LIGO noise.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Adopting Softer Approaches in the Study of Repository Data: A Comparative Analysis
Creators: name: Licorish, Sherlock A.
name: MacDonell, Stephen G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Context: Given the acknowledged need to understand the people processes enacted during software development, software repositories and mailing lists have become a focus for many studies. However, researchers have tended to use mostly mathematical and frequency-based techniques to examine the software artifacts contained within them. Objective: There is growing recognition that these approaches uncover only a partial picture of what happens during software projects, and deeper contextual approaches may provide further understanding of the intricate nature of software teams' dynamics. We demonstrate the relevance and utility of such approaches in this study. Method: We use psycholinguistics and directed content analysis (CA) to study the way project tasks drive teams' attitudes and knowledge sharing. We compare the outcomes of these two approaches and offer methodological advice for researchers using similar forms of repository data. Results: Our analysis reveals significant differences in the way teams work given their portfolio of tasks and the distribution of roles. Conclusion: We overcome the limitations associated with employing purely quantitative approaches, while avoiding the time-intensive and potentially invasive nature of field work required in full case studies.
description: Conference paper, 8 pages, 7 tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2102.06317
Three dimensional heat flow in the direct chill casting of non-ferrous metals
Creators: name: Venkateswaran, V.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A three dimensional mathematical model has been developed to study heat flow and solidification in the Direct Chill casting of non-ferrous metals with rectangular as well as irregular cross-sections. The model which is based on an alternating direction, implicit finite-difference numerical method is capable of simulating heat flow both in the steady state and transient part of the casting operation. The validity of the model has been verified by comparing predicted pool profiles and pool depths with industrial measurements. The model has been used to study the importance of heat flows in the various directions, and the limitations of using two-dimensional heat flow models are brought out. This study has shown that a two-dimensional model which neglects heat flow normal to the narrow face can be used to simulate the solidification of slabs with aspect ratios greater than 2.5, cast under conditions of conventional D.C. cooling. Further it was demonstrated that with reduced secondary cooling, a two-dimensional model that neglects axial heat conduction is preferable. Model calculations show that in cooling large sections the unsteady state can occupy around 25% of the total casting cycle. The formation of cracks in jumbo ingots of Prime Western Grade zinc has been investigated with the aid of the mathematical model. It has been shown that the cracking is caused by reheating of the surface below the spray cooling zone, if this zone is short and characterized by a high water flux. The surface reheating generates tensile strains at the solidification front where cracking is aided by the presence of lead rich liquid in the inter-dendritic regions. A new spray assembly has been designed which attempts to cool the casting more uniformly from, the top of the mould to the bottom of the liquid pool. This new spray system has been tested in-plant for casting Prime Western Grade zinc and results have proven its effectiveness in preventing crack formation.
BOLD Coupling between Lesioned and Healthy Brain Is Associated with Glioma Patients' Recovery.
Creators: name: Romero-Garcia, Rafael
name: Hart, Michael G
name: Bethlehem, Richard A I
name: Mandal, Ayan
name: Assem, Moataz
name: Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto
name: Gorriz, Juan Manuel
name: Burke, G A Amos
name: Price, Stephen J
name: Santarius, Thomas
name: Erez, Yaara
name: Suckling, John
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Functional MRI
Neurosurgery
Brain Tumours
Global Signal
Cognitive Recovery

description: Predicting functional outcomes after surgery and early adjuvant treatment is difficult due to the complex, extended, interlocking brain networks that underpin cognition. The aim of this study was to test glioma functional interactions with the rest of the brain, thereby identifying the risk factors of cognitive recovery or deterioration. Seventeen patients with diffuse non-enhancing glioma (aged 22-56 years) were longitudinally MRI scanned and cognitively assessed before and after surgery and during a 12-month recovery period (55 MRI scans in total after exclusions). We initially found, and then replicated in an independent dataset, that the spatial correlation pattern between regional and global BOLD signals (also known as global signal topography) was associated with tumour occurrence. We then estimated the coupling between the BOLD signal from within the tumour and the signal extracted from different brain tissues. We observed that the normative global signal topography is reorganised in glioma patients during the recovery period. Moreover, we found that the BOLD signal within the tumour and lesioned brain was coupled with the global signal and that this coupling was associated with cognitive recovery. Nevertheless, patients did not show any apparent disruption of functional connectivity within canonical functional networks. Understanding how tumour infiltration and coupling are related to patients' recovery represents a major step forward in prognostic development.
Qualitative Investigation into Therapists' Experiences of Online Therapy: Implications for Working Clients.
Creators: name: Kotera, Yasuhiro
name: Kaluzeviciute, Greta
name: Lloyd, Christopher
name: Edwards, Ann-Marie
name: Ozaki, Akihiko
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Qualitative
Therapeutic Relationship
Online Therapy
Thematic Analysis
Workplace Mental Health
Covid-19
Humans
Qualitative Research
Allied Health Personnel
Pandemics
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2

description: Online therapy has increasingly been utilised during the COVID-19 pandemic by many, including working populations. However, few qualitative studies have explored how online therapy is experienced in practice and discussed its implications for those working clients. Semi-structured interviews attended by nine integrative psychotherapists practising in California, the United States, were conducted. Thematic analysis of the transcripts identified three themes: (i) 'Positive experiences of online therapy', (ii) 'Challenges experienced by therapists and clients in online therapy', and (iii) 'Preparation and training for online therapy'. Online therapy was assessed as being helpful, particularly in terms of mitigating against previous geographical and temporal barriers to uptake. However, due to technological disruptions and potential blurring of professional boundaries, online therapy may detract from the emotional salience of therapy, negatively impacting the therapeutic relationship and containment. Considering these positive experiences, participants expected that the demand for online therapy would continue to increase. Particularly in the occupational context, online therapy can offer interventions without fostering shame regarding mental health. The findings provide preliminary qualitative evidence that online therapy can be a useful adjunct to traditional forms of face-to-face therapy. However, therapists require more explicit training in implementing online therapy. Results are discussed in particular regarding the utility of this therapy for working clients.
Stochastic Wobble of Accretion Discs and Jets from Turbulent Rocket Torques
Creators: name: Pettibone, Ryan
name: Blackman, Eric G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models of accretion discs and their associated outflows often incorporate assumptions of axisymmetry and symmetry across the disc plane. However, for turbulent discs these symmetries only apply to averaged quantities and do not apply locally. The local asymmetries can induce local imbalances in outflow power across the disc mid-plane, which can in turn induce local tilting torques. Here we calculate the effect of the resulting stochastic torques on disc annuli that are a consequence of standard mean field accretion disc models. The torques induce a random walk of the vector perpendicular to the plane of each averaged annulus. This random walk is characterized by a radially dependent diffusion coefficient which we calculate for small angle tilt. We use the coefficient to calculate a radially dependent time scale for annular tilt and associated jet wobble. The wobble time depends on the square of the wander angle so the age of a given system determines the maximum wobble angle. We apply this to examples of blazars, young stellar objects and binary engines of pre-planetary nebulae and microquasars. It is noteworthy that for an averaging time $t_w\sim 3$ days, we estimate a wobble angle for jets in SS433 of $θ\sim 0.8$ degrees, not inconsistent with observational data. In general the non-periodic nature of the stochastic wobble could distinguish it from faster periodic jet precession.
description: 12 pages, accepted by MNRAS
Thermal distortion of continuous casting moulds
Creators: name: Samarasekera, Indira Vasanti
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Heat-flow models based on the finite difference and finite element methods have been developed to calculate the steady-state thermal field in billet and slab moulds. A transient heat-flow analysis which employs an implicit alternating- direction finite-difference method has been formulated expressly to investigate the effect of surface boiling on billet mould temperatures. The models were validated by comparing predictions with experimental measurements reported in the literature. The thermal distortion of billet moulds have been computed using a three-dimensional el asto-plastic finite-element model. It has been shown that thermal expansion is the dominant component of the total distortion while the contribution due to bending associated with the through thickness gradient is relatively small. The distorted mould exhibits an outward bulge in the meniscus region, which has a maximum value in the 0.1-0.3 mm range, approximately 6 cms below the meniscus. The peak distortion is bounded above and below by regions of negative and positive taper respectively. Measurements of wall movement in an operating billet caster compare favourably with the predicted distortions. The periodic movement of the mould wall observed in the meniscus region has been attributed to nucleate boiling in the cooling channel. A systematic analysis of the effect of operating variables on wall temperatures has revealed that owing to the thicker walls, peak slab mould temperatures are higher than in billet moulds. It is therefore recommended that materials with enhanced softening resistance be employed in slab moulds. In contrast to this softening is unlikely in billet moulds but however owing to higher cold-face temperatures boiling may occur at standard flow-rates; water quality must therefore be adequate to avert deposition of scale and the attendant high-wall temperatures and excessive distortion. A comparison of the thermal distortion profiles calculated for six industrial billet moulds has shown that mould constraints and wall thickness have a profound influence on permanent distortion. Lowering the meniscus level or modifying the constraints so as to minimize the restraints to thermal expansion tend to reduce the plastic strain and could be beneficial from the standpoint of mould life. A mechanism has been proposed relating longitudinal corner cracking and rhomboidity in billets to an intermittent boiling cycle in the mould. It has been demonstrated that if boiling on two adjacent faces of the mould is out-of-phase with boiling on the other two, uneven cooling and rhomboidity would result. This can lead to corner cracks by hot-tearing in interdendritic regions near the solidification front.
FERMER XO'JALIKLARIDA MARKETING STRATEGIYALARINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH ZAMOAVIY YO'NALISHLARI VA AMALIY MEXANIZMLARI
Creators: name: Nazarova, Gulruh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Mazkur tadqiqot fermer xo‘jaliklarida marketing strategiyalarini takomillashtirishning zamonaviy yo‘nalishlari va amaliy mexanizmlarini o‘rganishga qaratilgan. Fermer xo‘jaliklari uchun samarali marketing strategiyalarini ishlab chiqish va joriy etish raqobatbardoshlikni oshirish hamda bozor talablariga moslashishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Tadqiqotda raqamli marketing, innovatsion savdo usullari, mijozlar bilan aloqalarni rivojlantirish va qishloq xo‘jaligi mahsulotlarini brendlash kabi dolzarb yo‘nalishlar tahlil qilinadi. Shu bilan birga, fermerlarning marketing salohiyatini oshirish, logistika tizimini samarali yo‘lga qo‘yish va zamonaviy reklama vositalaridan foydalanishning ahamiyati yoritiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari fermer xo‘jaliklari uchun amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqishga xizmat qiladi.
Parallel Algorithms for Finding Large Cliques in Sparse Graphs
Creators: name: Gianinazzi, Lukas
name: Besta, Maciej
name: Schaffner, Yannick
name: Hoefler, Torsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.2

description: We present a parallel k-clique listing algorithm with improved work bounds (for the same depth) in sparse graphs with low degeneracy or arboricity. We achieve this by introducing and analyzing a new pruning criterion for a backtracking search. Our algorithm has better asymptotic performance, especially for larger cliques (when k is not constant), where we avoid the straightforwardly exponential runtime growth with respect to the clique size. In particular, for cliques that are a constant factor smaller than the graph's degeneracy, the work improvement is an exponential factor in the clique size compared to previous results. Moreover, we present a low-depth approximation to the community degeneracy (which can be arbitrarily smaller than the degeneracy). This approximation enables a low depth clique listing algorithm whose runtime is parameterized by the community degeneracy.
Multivariate analysis reveals shared genetic architecture of brain morphology and human behavior.
Creators: name: De Vlaming, Ronald
name: Slob, Eric A W
name: Jansen, Philip R
name: Dagher, Alain
name: Koellinger, Philipp D
name: Groenen, Patrick J F
name: Rietveld, Cornelius A
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: Human variation in brain morphology and behavior are related and highly heritable. Yet, it is largely unknown to what extent specific features of brain morphology and behavior are genetically related. Here, we introduce a computationally efficient approach for multivariate genomic-relatedness-based restricted maximum likelihood (MGREML) to estimate the genetic correlation between a large number of phenotypes simultaneously. Using individual-level data (N = 20,190) from the UK Biobank, we provide estimates of the heritability of gray-matter volume in 74 regions of interest (ROIs) in the brain and we map genetic correlations between these ROIs and health-relevant behavioral outcomes, including intelligence. We find four genetically distinct clusters in the brain that are aligned with standard anatomical subdivision in neuroscience. Behavioral traits have distinct genetic correlations with brain morphology which suggests trait-specific relevance of ROIs. These empirical results illustrate how MGREML can be used to estimate internally consistent and high-dimensional genetic correlation matrices in large datasets.