cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Endoscopy and cohomology growth on U(3)
Creators: name: Marshall, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F75, 11F70

description: We apply the endoscopic classification of automorphic forms on U(3) to prove a case of a conjecture of Sarnak and Xue on cohomology growth.
description: 10 pages
Digital Earth Twins to build resilience to climate change
Creators: name: Giuffrida, Rita
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: biodiversity
digital twin
DestinE
modelling
environmental change

description: The 2023 Earth Day theme ("Invest in our planet") urges decision-makers to concretely steer the transition towards a sustainable future for our planet by tackling pressing environmental issues, including climate change, biodiversity loss, and waste reduction. The Destination Earth (DestinE) initiative promoted by the European Commission fits this global effort, funding the development of thematic digital twins that enable scenario simulations, predictions, and bio-monitoring methods, which will enable researchers and other users to better address these challenges and improve predictive performance in biodiversity management. In the wider context of Earth Day 2023, BioDT hosted the webinar "Digital Earth Twins to build resilience to climate change" on 4 April 2023. The team had the chance to introduce the Destination Earth initiative and take a closer look at the expanding ecosystem of projects working on digital twins, addressing key challenges such as climate change and biodiversity protection. Watch the recording and download the slides
Calibration of Damage Model Parameters for the Simulation of Scratch Abrasion
Creators: name: Rajaraman, Dhanraj
name: Hertelé, Stijn
name: Fauconnier, Dieter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Scratch abrasion is an abrasive wear mechanism in which a sharp indenting body penetrates and slides through the counter material. The stress state in the vicinity of the indenter is multiaxial and non-proportional and determines the involved damage mechanism. This stress state evolution cannot be investigated experimentally. Hence, the authors investigate scratch abrasion by means of finite element analysis fed with a continuum damage model, which transforms the complex stress trajectory into material degradation and removal. The damage model parameters must be experimentally calibrated in the range of stress states to mimic the damage during scratch abrasion. This work explains different calibration procedures that are adapted to calibrate damage models parameters for simulation of scratch abrasion.
Observing Deformation Mechanisms at Microscale
Creators: name: Verschatse, Olivier
name: Daelemans, Lode
name: Van Paepegem, Wim
name: De Clerck, Karen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: For every project or application, it is important to select a material that exhibits the desired mechanical properties. To be able to do so, the performance of multiple materials needs to be determined via mechanical testing. Here, we present the ability to combine mechanical tests with microstructural observations, which gives new insight into the microscale deformation and fracture mechanisms present in materials. Thanks to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) during testing, we are able to perform in-situ visualization of the microstructure of the material and how it responds to mechanical loads. SEM offers a high resolution, a wide range of magnification, and a higher field of depth than traditional optical microscopic techniques. With these new insights, materials can be tuned more efficiently towards their specific applications.
Additional file 2 of TRAIL-coated leukocytes to kill circulating tumor cells in the flowing blood from prostate cancer patients
Creators: name: Ortiz-Otero, Nerymar
name: Marshall, Jocelyn R.
name: Glenn, Antonio
name: Matloubieh, Jubin
name: Joseph, Jean
name: Sahasrabudhe, Deepak M.
name: Messing, Edward M.
name: King, Michael R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2. No CTCs were found in blood samples collected from healthy donors. (A) Immunofluorescent staining of CTCs from blood samples of healthy donors isolated using the same protocol used to isolate CTCs from prostate cancer patients (red is CD45, green is cytokeratin and blue is DAPI). Scale bar is 20 μm.
High order fluid model for streamer discharges: I. Derivation of model and transport data
Creators: name: Dujko, S.
name: Markosyan, A. H.
name: White, R. D.
name: Ebert, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Streamer discharges pose basic problems in plasma physics, as they are very transient, far from equilibrium and have high ionization density gradients; they appear in diverse areas of science and technology. The present paper focuses on the derivation of a high order fluid model for streamers. Using momentum transfer theory, the fluid equations are obtained as velocity moments of the Boltzmann equation; they are closed in the local mean energy approximation and coupled to the Poisson equation for the space charge generated electric field. The high order tensor in the energy flux equation is approximated by the product of two lower order moments to close the system. The average collision frequencies for momentum and energy transfer in elastic and inelastic collisions for electrons in molecular nitrogen are calculated from a multi term Boltzmann equation solution. We then discuss, in particular, (1) the correct implementation of transport data in streamer models; (2) the accuracy of the two term approximation for solving Boltzmann's equation in the context of streamer studies; and (3) the evaluation of the mean-energy-dependent collision rates for electrons required as an input in the high order fluid model. In the second paper in this sequence, we will discuss the solutions of the high order fluid model for streamers, based on model and input data derived in the present paper.
description: 31 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 3 of TRAIL-coated leukocytes to kill circulating tumor cells in the flowing blood from prostate cancer patients
Creators: name: Ortiz-Otero, Nerymar
name: Marshall, Jocelyn R.
name: Glenn, Antonio
name: Matloubieh, Jubin
name: Joseph, Jean
name: Sahasrabudhe, Deepak M.
name: Messing, Edward M.
name: King, Michael R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3. Validation of isolated fibroblasts from prostate cancer patients as CAFs. (A) Immunofluorescent staining of two fibroblast cell lines obtained from ATCC and used as positive and negative controls (green is α-SMA and blue is DAPI). Scale bar is 20 μm. WPMY-1 is a myo-fibroblast cell isolated from the peripheral area of the prostate. hTERT PF179 CAF is a fibroblast cell line derived from prostate cancer stroma. Staining with α-SMA (biomarker to identify CAFs from normal fibroblast cells) confirmed that the α-SMA positive cells found in the prostate cancer patients are CAFs instead of normal fibroblasts. (B) Immunofluorescent staining of CAFs isolated from a healthy donor (green is α-SMA, red is CD45 and blue is DAPI). Scale bar is 20 μm. No CAFs were found in blood samples from healthy donors (n = 3 from 5 healthy donors).
ISM Processing in the Inner 20 pc in Galactic center
Creators: name: Liu, Hauyu Baobab
name: Ho, Paul T. -P.
name: Wright, Melvyn C. H.
name: Su, Yu-Nung
name: Hsieh, Pei-Ying
name: Sun, Ai-Lei
name: Kim, Sungsoo S.
name: Minh, Young Chol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the Submillimeter Array (SMA) 157-pointing mosaic in 0.86 mm dust continuum emission with 5$".1\times4"$.2 angular resolution, and the NRAO Green Bank 100m Telescope (GBT) observations of the CS/C$^{34}$S/$^{13}$CS 1-0 and SiO 1-0 emission with $\le20"$$\times18"$ angular resolution. The dust continuum image marginally resolves at least several tens of 10-10$^{2}$ $M_{\odot}$ dense clumps in the 5$'$ field including the circumnuclear disk (CND) and the exterior gas streamers. There is very good agreement between the high resolution dust continuum map of the CND and all previous molecular line observations. As the dust emission is the most reliable optically thin tracer of the mass, free from most chemical and excitation effects, we demonstrate the reality of the abundant localized structures within the CND, and their connection to external gas structures. From the spectral line data, the velocity dispersions of the dense clumps and their parent molecular clouds are $\sim$10-20 times higher than their virial velocity dispersions. This supports the idea that the CND and its immediate environment may not be stationary or stable structures. Some of the dense gas clumps are associated with 22 GHz water masers and 36.2 GHz and 44.1 GHz CH$_{3}$OH masers. However, we do not find clumps which are bound by the gravity of the enclosed molecular gas. Hence, the CH$_{3}$OH or H$_{2}$O maser emission may be due to strong (proto)stellar feedback, which may be dispersing some of the gas clumps.
description: 7 pages, 15 figures; Accepted by ApJ
Computer Vision-Based Gate Crossing Detection for Timing and Analysis of Ski and Snowboard Races
Creators: name: Decorte, Robbe
name: De Bock, Jelle
name: Slembrouck, Maarten
name: Verstockt, Steven
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This paper proposes an algorithm that detects skiers and flags during a ski slalom race, by using object detection on video footage. The algorithm uses the detection of skiers and flags to implement gate-to-gate timing and analysis. The result of the detection and gate timing is used to analyze metrics such as the total time of the skier’s race, the time between every two consecutive flags and anomalies in the skier’s trajectory. Furthermore, the data of all skiers competing in the slalom race can be used to create a heatmap of the trajectory and to calculate average statistics. To detect the objects, a custom-trained YOLO model is used. Training is done on a custom created dataset, containing images from various slalom races together with footage recorded on an indoor ski slope. Compared to the current equipment for gate timing using infrared photocells, video based timing is less accurate, as the algorithm is on the one hand limited by the frames per second of a video and on the other hand by the accuracy of the object detection. However, for recreational and training purposes, it delivers accuracy within a reasonable margin and can provide quick feedback.
Astrophysical ZeV acceleration in the relativistic jet from an accreting supermassive blackhole
Creators: name: Ebisuzaki, Toshikazu
name: Tajima, Toshiki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An accreting supermassive blackhole, the central engine of active galactic nucleus (AGN), is capable of exciting extreme amplitude Alfven waves whose wavelength (wave packet) size is characterized by its clumpiness. The pondermotive force and wakefield are driven by these Alfven waves propagating in the AGN (blazar) jet and accelerate protons/nuclei to extreme energies beyond Zetta-electron volt (ZeV$=10^{21}$ eV). Such acceleration is prompt, localized, and does not suffer from the multiple scattering/bending enveloped in the Fermi acceleration that causes excessive synchrotron radiation loss beyond $10^{19}$ eV. The production rate of ZeV cosmic rays is found to be consistent with the observed gamma-ray luminosity function of blazars and their time variabilities.
description: 27 pages, 5 figures, submitted to astrophysical journal (part 1)
Additional file 4 of TRAIL-coated leukocytes to kill circulating tumor cells in the flowing blood from prostate cancer patients
Creators: name: Ortiz-Otero, Nerymar
name: Marshall, Jocelyn R.
name: Glenn, Antonio
name: Matloubieh, Jubin
name: Joseph, Jean
name: Sahasrabudhe, Deepak M.
name: Messing, Edward M.
name: King, Michael R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 4. Characterization of prepared liposomes using a Malvern Zetasizer and NanoSight NS300 with the following parameters presented: size (diameter), polydispersity index (PDI) and particle concentration (particles/mL).
Closing geodesics in $C^1$ topology
Creators: name: Rifford, Ludovic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a closed Riemannian manifold, we show how to close an orbit of the geodesic flow by a small perturbation of the metric in the $C^1$ topology.
Prenolepis madagascariensis
Creators: name: Forel, A.
Publisher: name: L'Imprimerie Nationale
Year: 1891
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Prenolepis
Prenolepis madagascariensis

description: RACE PRENOLEPIS MADAGASCARIENSIS, Forel.
Etudes myrmécologiques en 1886.
[[worker]]. Diffère de la forme typique par sa taille un peu plus ramassée, mais cependant bien plus svelte que celle de la P. Ellisii. Le scape dé- passe le bord postérieur de la têle de sensiblement moins de sa moitié. Le mésonotum laisse reconnaître avec l'objectif vii d'Hartnack employé comme loupe une pubescence éparse, ce qui n'est pas le cas de la P. vividula typique. Le thorax est un peu plus large. La pilosité dressée est un peu plus fine, plus pointue et de couleur plus claire que chez la forme typique, tandis que la pubescence (à part le mésonotum) est aussi faible et diluée.
Une variété de taille plutôt plus faible que la forme typique, mais de couleur un peu plus claire, a été récoltée à Nosibé par le Dr C. Keller.
Une variété foncée (brune avec l'abdomen brun foncé), un peu plus grande, a été récoltée dans le pays des Betsileo par Hildebrandt (Musée de Berlin).
[[queen]] et [[male]] inconnus. Ce n'est pas sans hésiter beaucoup que je rattache encore cette forme à la P. vividula; il faudrait connaître le [[male]].
description: Published as part of Forel, A., 1891, Histoire naturelle des Hymenopteres. Deuxieme partie: Les Formicides., pp. 1-231 in Histoire Physique, Naturelle et Politique de Madagascar., Paris :L'Imprimerie Nationale on page 87, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.9896
Die Schweiz als Zufluchtsort für Nazi-Archäologen? Eine Replik auf die Rezension von Martina Schäfer, St. Gallen, zum Werk von Uta Halle in „Archäologische Informationen" 26/2, 2003, 520-523
Creators: name: Brem, Hansjörg
Publisher: name: DGUF e.V.
Year: 2017

description: [nicht vorhanden / not available]
description: Archäologische Informationen, Bd. 27, Nr. 2 (2004): Archäologische Informationen
Chromospheric activity as age indicator
Creators: name: Pace, Giancarlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chromospheric activity has been calibrated and widely used as an age indicator. However, it has been suggested that the viability of this age indicator is, in the best case, limited to stars younger than about 1.5 Gyr. I aim to define the age range for which chromospheric activity is a robust astrophysical clock. I collected literature measurements of the S-index in field stars, which is a measure of the strength of the H and K lines of the Ca II and a proxy for chromospheric activity, and exploited the homogeneous database of temperature and age determinations for field stars provided by the Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the solar neighbourhood. Field data, inclusive data previously used to calibrate chromospheric ages, confirm the result found using open cluster data, i.e. there is no decay of chromospheric activity after about 2 Gyr. The only existing indication supporting the viability of chromospheric ages older than 2 Gyr is the similarity of chromospheric activity levels in the components of 35 dwarf binaries. However, even in the most optimistic scenario, uncertainty in age determination for field stars and lack of sufficient data in open clusters make any attempt of calibrating an age activity relationship for old stars premature. The hypothesis that chromospheric activity follows the Skumanich law, i.e. that it is proportional to the inverse square root of the age, should be relaxed.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, A&A letters, accepted
The neutron background of the XENON100 dark matter experiment
Creators: name: Aprile, E.
name: Alfonsi, M.
name: Arisaka, K.
name: Arneodo, F.
name: Balan, C.
name: Baudis, L.
name: Bauermeister, B.
name: Behrens, A.
name: Beltrame, P.
name: Bokeloh, K.
name: Brown, A.
name: Brown, E.
name: Bruno, G.
name: Budnik, R.
name: Cardoso, J. M. R.
name: Chen, W. -T.
name: Choi, B.
name: Colijn, A. P.
name: Contreras, H.
name: Cussonneau, J. P.
name: Decowski, M. P.
name: Duchovni, E.
name: Fattori, S.
name: Ferella, A. D.
name: Fulgione, W.
name: Gao, F.
name: Garbini, M.
name: Ghag, C.
name: Giboni, K. -L.
name: Goetzke, L. W.
name: Grignon, C.
name: Gross, E.
name: Hampel, W.
name: Kaether, F.
name: Kish, A.
name: Lamblin, J.
name: Landsman, H.
name: Lang, R. F.
name: Calloch, M. Le
name: Levy, C.
name: Lim, K. E.
name: Lin, Q.
name: Lindemann, S.
name: Lindner, M.
name: Lopes, J. A. M.
name: Lung, K.
name: Undagoitia, T. Marrodan
name: Massoli, F. V.
name: Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo
name: Meng, Y.
name: Messina, M.
name: Molinario, A.
name: Ni, K.
name: Oberlack, U.
name: Orrigo, S. E. A.
name: Pantic, E.
name: Persiani, R.
name: Plante, G.
name: Priel, N.
name: Rizzo, A.
name: Rosendahl, S.
name: Santos, J. M. F. dos
name: Sartorelli, G.
name: Schreiner, J.
name: Schumann, M.
name: ScottoLavina, L.
name: Scovell, P. R.
name: Selvi, M.
name: Shagin, P.
name: Simgen, H.
name: Teymourian, A.
name: Thers, D.
name: Tziaferi, E.
name: Vitells, O.
name: Wang, H.
name: Weber, M.
name: Weinheimer, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The XENON100 experiment, installed underground at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), aims to directly detect dark matter in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) via their elastic scattering off xenon nuclei. This paper presents a study on the nuclear recoil background of the experiment, taking into account neutron backgrounds from ($α$,n) and spontaneous fission reactions due to natural radioactivity in the detector and shield materials, as well as muon-induced neutrons. Based on Monte Carlo simulations and using measured radioactive contaminations of all detector components, we predict the nuclear recoil backgrounds for the WIMP search results published by the XENON100 experiment in 2011 and 2012, 0.11$^{+0.08}_{-0.04}$ events and 0.17$^{+0.12}_{-0.07}$ events, respectively, and conclude that they do not limit the sensitivity of the experiment.
Realizable receivers for discriminating arbitrary coherent-state waveforms and multi-copy quantum states near the quantum limit
Creators: name: Nair, Ranjith
name: Guha, Saikat
name: Tan, Si-Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent states of light, and methods for distinguishing between them, are central to all applications of laser light. We obtain the ultimate quantum limit on the error probability exponent for discriminating among any M multimode coherent-state waveforms via the quantum Chernoff exponent in M-ary multi-copy state discrimination. A receiver, i.e., a concrete realization of a quantum measurement, called the Sequential Waveform Nulling (SWN) receiver, is proposed for discriminating an arbitrary coherent-state ensemble using only auxiliary coherent-state fields, beam splitters, and non-number-resolving single photon detectors. An explicit error probability analysis of the SWN receiver is used to show that it achieves the quantum limit on the error probability exponent, which is shown to be a factor of four greater than the error probability exponent of an ideal heterodyne-detection receiver on the same ensemble. We generalize the philosophy of the SWN receiver, which is itself adapted from some existing coherent-state receivers, and propose a receiver -- the Sequential Testing (ST) receiver-- for discriminating n copies of M pure quantum states from an arbitrary Hilbert space. The ST receiver is shown to achieve the quantum Chernoff exponent in the limit of a large number of copies, and is remarkable in requiring only local operations and classical communication (LOCC) to do so. In particular, it performs adaptive copy-by-copy binary projective measurements. Apart from being of fundamental interest, these results are relevant to communication, sensing, and imaging systems that use laser light and to photonic implementations of quantum information processing protocols in general.
description: Performance comparison for PPM signals added; analysis in Supplementary material clarified; 9 pages + 3 pages supplementary material, 4 figures
Femtocell Architectures with Spectrum Sharing for Cellular Radio Networks
Creators: name: Kaufman, Brett
name: Lilleberg, Jorma
name: Aazhang, Behnaam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Femtocells are an emerging technology aimed at providing gains to both network operators and end-users. These gains come at a cost of increased interference, specifically the cross network interference between the macrocell and femtocell networks. This interference is one of the main performance limiting factors in allowing an underlaid femtocell network to share the spectrum with the cellular network. To manage this interference, we first propose a femtocell architecture that orthog- onally partitions the network bandwidth between the macrocell and femtocell networks. This scheme eliminates the cross network interference thus giving the femtocells more freedom over their use of the spectrum. Specifically, no interference constraint is imposed by the cellular network allowing femto users to transmit at a constant power on randomly selected channels. Although simple, this scheme is enough to give gains up to 200% in sum rate. We then propose a second architecture where both networks share the bandwidth simultaneously. A femtocell power control scheme that relies on minimal coordination with the macrocell base station is used in conjunction with an interference sensing channel assignment mechanism. These two schemes together yield sum rate gains up to 200%. We then develop a technique for macro users to join a nearby femtocell and share a common chan- nel with a femtocell user through the use of successive interfer- ence cancellation. By adding this mechanism to the power control and channel assignment schemes, we show sum rate gains over 300% and up to 90% power savings for macrocell users.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, Accepted to the International Journal of Advances in Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics special issue on Multi-Terminal Information Theory
Covariant Compton Scattering Kernel in General Relativistic Radiative Transfer
Creators: name: Younsi, Ziri
name: Wu, Kinwah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A covariant scattering kernel is a core component in any self-consistent general relativistic radiative transfer formulation in scattering media. An explicit closed-form expression for a covariant Compton scattering kernel with a good dynamical energy range has unfortunately not been available thus far. Such an expression is essential to obtain numerical solutions to the general relativistic radiative transfer equations in complicated astrophysical settings where strong scattering effects are coupled with highly relativistic flows and steep gravitational gradients. Moreover, this must be performed in an efficient manner. With a self-consistent covariant approach, we have derived a closed-form expression for the Compton scattering kernel for arbitrary energy range. The scattering kernel and its angular moments are expressed in terms of hypergeometric functions, and their derivations are shown explicitly in this paper. We also evaluate the kernel and its moments numerically, assessing various techniques for their calculation. Finally, we demonstrate that our closed-form expression produces the same results as previous calculations, which employ fully numerical computation methods and are applicable only in more restrictive settings.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables; Accepted for publication in MNRAS
RV searches with high-resolution spectrographs: From CORAVEL to ESPRESSO
Creators: name: Suárez Mascareño, A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Exoplanets
Radial velocity
stellar activity

description: Since the discovery in 1995 of 51 Peg b, radial velocity searches have proven to be one of the most effective ways of finding new extrasolar planets, in particular extrasolar planets orbiting nearby stars, where transits are often not detected. Back when the first exoplanet orbiting a Sun-like star was discovered, it was possible to detect the presence of a Jupiter-like planet in a close orbit to its star. Today, high-precision radial velocity measurements, obtained using high-resolution spectrographs, allow us to find Earth-mass planets that orbit inside, or close to, the habitable zone of their host stars. In some cases, with new-generation instruments such as ESPRESSO, it is possible to detect the presence of planets much lighter than the Earth. There was a time in which it was impossible to detect the presence of exoplanets by measuring radial velocity variations. There was a time in which it was expected that large stellar activity variations (assumed to be of the order of 20 m/s for quiet stars) could prevent us from detecting low-mass exoplanets. Increasingly more precise instrumentation and the advancement of the analysis techniques radically changed the situation and opened the door to the complete characterization of the low-mass exoplanetary population of the solar vicinity. Here, will embark in a short journey on the history of the radial velocity technique as a mean to detect extrasolar planets. From the early concept of spectrographs dedicated to the measurement of stellar velocities, to the detection of a planet with 1/4 the mass of the Earth orbiting Proxima Centauri.
Decomposition of any quantum measurement into extremals
Creators: name: Sentís, G.
name: Gendra, B.
name: Bartlett, S. D.
name: Doherty, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We design an efficient and constructive algorithm to decompose any generalized quantum measurement into a convex combination of extremal measurements. We show that if one allows for a classical post-processing step only extremal rank-1 POVMs are needed. For a measurement with $N$ elements on a $d$-dimensional space, our algorithm will decompose it into at most $(N-1)d+1$ extremals, whereas the best previously known upper bound scaled as $d^2$. Since the decomposition is not unique, we show how to tailor our algorithm to provide particular types of decompositions that exhibit some desired property.
description: 10 pages
An optimized ultrasound detector for photoacoustic breast tomography
Creators: name: Xia, Wenfeng
name: Piras, Daniele
name: Van Hespen, Johan
name: Van Veldhoven, Spiridon
name: Prins, Christian
name: Van Leeuwen, Ton
name: Steenbergen, Wiendelt
name: Manohar, Srirang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photoacoustic imaging has proven to be able to detect vascularization-driven optical absorption contrast associated with tumors. In order to detect breast tumors located a few centimeter deep in tissue, a sensitive ultrasound detector is of crucial importance for photoacoustic mammography. Further, because the expected photoacoustic frequency bandwidth (a few MHz to tens of kHz) is inversely proportional to the dimensions of light absorbing structures (0.5 to 10+ mm), proper choices of materials and their geometries, and proper considerations in design have to be made for optimal photoacoustic detectors. In this study, we design and evaluate a specialized ultrasound detector for photoacoustic mammography. Based on the required detector sensitivity and its frequency response, a selection of active material and matching layers and their geometries is made leading to a functional detector models. By iteration between simulation of detector performances, fabrication and experimental characterization of functional models an optimized implementation is made and evaluated. The experimental results of the designed first and second functional detectors matched with the simulations. In subsequent bare piezoelectric samples the effect of lateral resonances was addressed and their influence minimized by sub-dicing the samples. Consequently, using simulations, the final optimized detector could be designed, with a center frequency of 1 MHz and a -6 dB bandwidth of ~80%. The minimum detectable pressure was measured to be 0.5 Pa, which will facilitate deeper imaging compared to the currrent systems. The detector should be capable of detecting vascularized tumors with resolution of 1-2 mm. Further improvements by proper electrical grounding and shielding and implementation of this design into an arrayed detector will pave the way for clinical applications of photoacoustic mammography.
description: Accepted for publication in Medical Physics (American Association of Physicists in Medicine)
Modeling and analysis of functional method comparison data
Creators: name: de Silva, Galappaththige S. R.
name: Rathnayake, Lasitha N.
name: Choudhary, Pankaj K.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: We consider modeling and analysis of functional data arising in method comparison studies. The observed data consist of repeated measurements of a continuous variable obtained using multiple methods of measurement on a sample of subjects. The data are treated as multivariate functional data that are observed with noise at a common set of discrete time points which may vary from subject to subject. The proposed methodology uses functional principal components analysis within the framework of a mixed-effects model to represent the observations in terms of a small number of method-specific principal components. Two approaches for estimating the unknowns in the model, both adaptations of general techniques developed for multivariate functional principal components analysis, are presented. Bootstrapping is employed to get estimates of bias and covariance matrix of model parameter estimates. These in turn are used to compute confidence intervals for parameters and functions thereof, such as the measures of similarity and agreement between the measurement methods, that are necessary for data analysis. The estimation approaches are evaluated using simulation. The methodology is illustrated by analyzing two datasets.
Quantum magnetooscillations in the ac conductivity of disordered graphene
Creators: name: Briskot, U.
name: Dmitriev, I. A.
name: Mirlin, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamic conductivity σ(ω) of graphene in the presence of diagonal white noise disorder and quantizing magnetic field B is calculated. We obtain analytic expressions for σ(ω) in various parametric regimes ranging from the quasiclassical Drude limit corresponding to strongly overlapping Landau levels (LLs) to the extreme quantum limit where the conductivity is determined by the optical selection rules of the clean graphene. The nonequidistant LL spectrum of graphene renders its transport characteristics quantitatively different from conventional 2D electron systems with parabolic spectrum. Since the magnetooscillations in the semiclassical density of states are anharmonic and are described by a quasi-continuum of cyclotron frequencies, both the ac Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations and the quantum corrections to σ(ω) that survive to higher temperatures manifest a slow beating on top of fast oscillations with the local energy-dependent cyclotron frequency.Both types of quantum oscillations possess nodes whose index scales as ω^2. In the quantum regime of separated LLs, we study both the cyclotron resonance transitions, which have a rich spectrum due to the nonequidistant spectrum of LLs, and disorder-induced transitions which violate the clean selection rules of graphene. We identify the strongest disorder-induced transitions in recent magnetotransmission experiments. We also compare the temperature- and chemical potential-dependence of σ(ω) in various frequency ranges from the dc limit allowing intra-LL transition only to the universal high-frequency limit where the Landau quantization provides a small B-dependent correction to the universal value of the interband conductivity σ=e^2/4 \hbar of the clean graphene.
description: 19 pages, 15 pictures
Observations of gas flows inside a protoplanetary gap
Creators: name: Casassus, Simon
name: van der Plas, Gerrit
name: M., Sebastian Perez
name: Dent, William R. F.
name: Fomalont, Ed
name: Hagelberg, Janis
name: Hales, Antonio
name: Jordán, Andrés
name: Mawet, Dimitri
name: Ménard, Francois
name: Wootten, Al
name: Wilner, David
name: Hughes, A. Meredith
name: Schreiber, Matthias R.
name: Girard, Julien H.
name: Ercolano, Barbara
name: Canovas, Hector
name: Román, Pablo E.
name: Salinas, Vachail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gaseous giant planet formation is thought to occur in the first few million years following stellar birth. Models predict that giant planet formation carves a deep gap in the dust component (shallower in the gas). Infrared observations of the disk around the young star HD142527, at ~140pc, found an inner disk ~10AU in radius, surrounded by a particularly large gap, with a disrupted outer disk beyond 140AU, indicative of a perturbing planetary-mass body at ~90 AU. From radio observations, the bulk mass is molecular and lies in the outer disk, whose continuum emission has a horseshoe morphology. The vigorous stellar accretion rate would deplete the inner disk in less than a year, so in order to sustain the observed accretion, matter must flow from the outer-disk into the cavity and cross the gap. In dynamical models, the putative protoplanets channel outer-disk material into gap-crossing bridges that feed stellar accretion through the inner disk. Here we report observations with the Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA) that reveal diffuse CO gas inside the gap, with denser HCO+ gas along gap-crossing filaments, and that confirm the horseshoe morphology of the outer disk. The estimated flow rate of the gas is in the range 7E-9 to 2E-7 Msun/yr, which is sufficient to maintain accretion onto the star at the present rate.
An efficient class of tree network balanced designs for agroforestry experimentation
Creators: name: Birteeb, Peter T.
name: Varghese, Cini
name: Jaggi, Seema
name: Varghese, Eldho
name: Harun, Mohd
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: The use of an appropriate design is a very important aspect of agroforestry experimentation. Since different species of trees may interact spatially, plots in agroforestry could be connected through network of trees which would create non-directional adjacency effects on a plot. Hence, there is a need to take the “direct effect of trees” and “tree network effects” on the crop into account when designing an agroforestry experiment. Tree network effect refers to the influence a tree exerts on the surrounding plots as a result of adjacency of the plots. In this paper, a class of network designs incorporating effects of trees from adjacent plots has been obtained. The characterization properties of the designs have also been studied. The designs are found to be variance balanced for the estimation of direct as well as network effects of trees. They are also highly efficient designs, and hence, are recommended for agroforestry experimentation with multiple tree species and a single crop.
Adaptive long-range migration promotes cooperation under tempting conditions
Creators: name: Ichinose, Genki
name: Saito, Masaya
name: Sayama, Hiroki
name: Wilson, David Sloan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 91A22, 65J08

description: Migration is a fundamental trait in humans and animals. Recent studies investigated the effect of migration on the evolution of cooperation, showing that contingent migration favors cooperation in spatial structures. In those studies, only local migration to immediate neighbors was considered, while long-range migration has not been considered yet, partly because the long-range migration has been generally regarded as harmful for cooperation as it would bring the population to a well-mixed state that favors defection. Here, we studied the effects of adaptive long-range migration on the evolution of cooperation through agent-based simulations of a spatial Prisoner's Dilemma game where individuals can jump to a farther site if they are surrounded by more defectors. Our results show that adaptive long-range migration strongly promotes cooperation, especially under conditions where the temptation to defect is considerably high. These findings demonstrate the significance of adaptive long-range migration for the evolution of cooperation.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
Salmonella dublin Infections in Cattle in California
Creators: name: Walker, Richard L.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1994

description: Salmonellosis is a commonly encountered disease of cattle. Of the many serotypes of Salmonella known to exist, Salmonella typhimurium and S. dublin are the two most frequently isolated from cattle. Salmonella dublin is isolated commonly from cattle in states west of the Rocky Mountains. Reports of isolations of S. dublin from states east of the Rockies are increasing.2,4 Salmonella dublin is also isolated commonly in Europe and South Africa. Unlike S. typhimurium, which shows no special affinity for a particular host, S. dublin is host-adapted for cattle. While other animal species can be infected with S. dublin, cattle account for approximately 96% of the isolations from animals. This host-adaptation for cattle has special implications regarding epidemiology and control measures. The purpose of this presentation is to give an overview of the current spectrum of S. dublin infections in dairy cattle in California.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1994
Measurement of transparency ratios for protons from short-range correlated pairs
Creators: name: Hen, O.
name: Hakobyan, H.
name: Shneor, R.
name: Piasetzky, E.
name: Weinstein, L. B.
name: Brooks, W. K.
name: Beck, S. May-Tal
name: Gilad, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear transparency, Tp(A), is a measure of the average probability for a struck proton to escape the nucleus without significant re-interaction. Previously, nuclear transparencies were extructed for quasi-elastic A(e,e'p) knockout of protons with momentum below the Fermi momentum, where the spectral functions are well known. In this paper we extract a novel observable, the transparency ratio, Tp(A)/T_p(12C), for knockout of high-missing-momentum protons from the breakup of short range correlated pairs (2N-SRC) in Al, Fe and Pb nuclei relative to C. The ratios were measured at momentum transfer Q^2 > 1.5 (GeV/c)^2 and x_B > 1.2 where the reaction is expected to be dominated by electron scattering from 2N-SRC. The transparency ratios of the knocked-out protons coming from 2N-SRC breakup are 20 - 30% lower than those of previous results for low missing momentum. They agree with Glauber calculations and agree with renormalization of the previously published transparencies as proposed by recent theoretical investigations. The new transparencies scale as A^-1/3, which is consistent with dominance of scattering from nucleons at the nuclear surface.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Local peace actors and external funding mechanisms: Towards greater agency for local actors
Creators: name: Tadevosyan, Margarita
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2022
Subjects: Track Two Diplomacy
Local Peace

description: This Policy Brief seeks to improve understandings of the role and impact that international donors have on shaping local peace approaches in a given context. It also presents recommendations on how to develop constructive synergies between local and international actors in a way that is based on shared understanding and complementarity, and a way that is egalitarian and emancipatory in nature.
Prenolepis braueri Mayr 1859
Creators: name: Forel, A.
Publisher: name: L'Imprimerie Nationale
Year: 1891
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Prenolepis
Prenolepis braueri

description: 5. PRENOLEPIS BRAUERI, Mayr.
Prenolepis Braueri, Mayr, Neuropt. der Novara Reise v. Brauer, Nota (1865).
Prenolepis Braueri, race Humbloti, Forel, n. st.
[[worker]]. La courte description de Mayr dit: Face basale du métanotum carrée; face déclive beaucoup plus courte, séparée d'elle par une courbe. Les stigmates supérieurs du métanotum sont situés à l'extrémité posté- rieure de la face basale. Moitié antérieure du thorax plus épaisse que d'ordinaire. Mésonotum sans pubescence. Pilosité et pubescence comme chez la P. vividula.
Cette espèce vient de la Nouvelle-Hollande.
L'ouvrière de cette espèce est seule connue.
M. Humblot a rapporté de Madagascar une Prenolepis ([[worker]], [[queen]] et [[male]]) dont le métanotum de la [[worker]] répond exactement à la description ci-dessus. Cependant la moitié antérieure du thorax est relativement moins large que chez la P. obscura. Il serait en tout cas prématuré d'identifier absolument cette forme de Madagascar avec la P. Braueri, tant qu'on ne connaît pas le [[male]] de cette dernière. Dans le doute, jusqu'à plus ample informé, je la considère comme race.
description: Published as part of Forel, A., 1891, Histoire naturelle des Hymenopteres. Deuxieme partie: Les Formicides., pp. 1-231 in Histoire Physique, Naturelle et Politique de Madagascar., Paris :L'Imprimerie Nationale on page 90, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.9896
Uniqueness for an inviscid stochastic dyadic model on a tree
Creators: name: Bianchi, Luigi Amedeo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H15 (Primary) 35Q31, 35R60, 60J28, 76B03 (Secondary)

description: In this paper we prove that the lack of uniqueness for solutions of the tree dyadic model of turbulence is overcome with the introduction of a suitable noise. The uniqueness is a weak probabilistic uniqueness for all $l^2$-initial conditions and is proven using a technique relying on the properties of the $q$-matrix associated to a continuous time Markov chain.
QualidataNet - a single point of entry to qualitative research data
Creators: name: Betancort Cabrera, Noemi
name: Mozygemba, Kati
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: One reason why the re-use of qualitative data is still the exception, is the lack of a sustainable and interlinked infrastructure, which develops services in close cooperation with the specific research communities and offers support and access to data sharing opportunities. Researchers who are willing to deposit their data often struggle to identify a reliable research data center that offers satisfactory conditions for archiving and disseminating their data, just as secondary users often cannot find appropriate data, or have to search several data catalogues with different interfaces and search approaches. To overcome this fragmentation, to promote access and re-use of qualitative data the Consortium for the Social, Behavioural, Educational, and the Economic Sciences (KonsortSWD), part of the National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI) in Germany, aims at creating a community-centred federated network of several RDCs for qualitative data: The Qualidata Network (QualidataNet). We will present our idea to replace the fragmentation landscape with a coordinated, user and service-oriented infrastructure. The presentation will focus on the current version of our cooperatively developed core metadata set and controlled vocabulary for the various aspects concerning qualitative data, which take the existing DDI products into account and explore new developments.