cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Influence of squeezing on the weak-to-strong measurement transition
Creators: name: Araya-Sossa, Kevin
name: Orszag, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the measurement transition for a coherent squeezed pointer state through a transition factor $Γ$ that involves a system-pointer coupling by using an arbitrary measured observable $A$. In addition, we show that the shift in the pointer's position and momentum establishes a relationship with a new value defined as the transition value, which generalizes the weak value as well as the conditional expectaction value. Furthermore, a new strategy is introduced to achieve different measurement regimes by just adjusting the $r$ and $ϕ_ξ$ parameters of the coherent squeezed pointer state, opening an interesting way to test quantum mechanics foundations. Our scheme has been theoretically applied in a trapped ion illuminated by a bichromatic laser beam, with a high potential to be implemented in future experimental setups.
The Warrior’s Dilemma: Can Maasai Culture Persist in a Changing World?
Creators: name: Ahmed, Zahra
name: Booth, Laura
name: Njagi, Loise
name: Stephanou, Elleni
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Maasai (African people)--Social conditions
Maasai (African people)--Social life and customs
Maasai (African people)--Religion
Maasai (African people)--Clothing
Sustainable development--Social aspects
Maasai (African people)
Sustainability
Africans

description: The Maasai people have acted as the historical stewards of the land and wildlife of the Amboseli Ecosystem for centuries. Maasai culture and its accompanying traditions compose one of the most well-studied anthropological systems in the world. Currently, Maasai culture and tradition face more challenges than ever before. Through a series of interviews with various constituents of the Amboseli community, we sought to discover which traditions the Maasai continued to find important, what were the most formidable threads to those traditions, and how the Maasai were responding to those threats. Community members identified four primary traditions that continue to be important: social connectedness, dress and ornaments, connection with wildlife and nature, and the practice of Moranism. Threats to these traditions include increased presence of Westerners, tourists, and conservationists; climate change and increased incidence of drought; changing land tenure systems; and the introduction of formal education among younger generations. Maasai community members have responded to these threats by keeping, discarding, or evolving the tradition based on its importance to them. Based on these findings, we detail potential strategies for the maintenance of those traditions which are currently evolving: Moranism and pastoralism. These recommendations will inform Maasai community members about the scope of solutions they currently face, as well as providing insight into more innovative solutions that could be implemented in the future.
Extremal bipartite independence number and balanced coloring
Creators: name: Chakraborti, Debsoumya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we establish a couple of results on extremal problems in bipartite graphs. Firstly, we show that every sufficiently large bipartite graph with average degree $D$ and with $n$ vertices on each side has a balanced independent set containing $(1-ε) \frac{\log D}{D} n$ vertices from each side for small $ε> 0$. Secondly, we prove that the vertex set of every sufficiently large balanced bipartite graph with maximum degree at most $Δ$ can be partitioned into $(1+ε)\fracΔ{\log Δ}$ balanced independent sets. Both of these results are algorithmic and best possible up to a factor of 2, which might be hard to improve as evidenced by the phenomenon known as `algorithmic barrier' in the literature. The first result improves a recent theorem of Axenovich, Sereni, Snyder, and Weber in a slightly more general setting. The second result improves a theorem of Feige and Kogan about coloring balanced bipartite graphs.
description: minor changes
Determination of Multipath Security Using Efficient Pattern Matching
Creators: name: Obert, James
name: Cao, Huiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multipath routing is the use of multiple potential paths through a network in order to enhance fault tolerance, optimize bandwidth use, and improve security. Selecting data flow paths based on cost addresses performance issues but ignores security threats. Attackers can disrupt the data flows by attacking the links along the paths. Denial-of-service, remote exploitation, and other such attacks launched on any single link can severely limit throughput. Networks can be secured using a secure quality of service approach in which a sender disperses data along multiple secure paths. In this secure multi-path approach, a portion of the data from the sender is transmitted over each path and the receiver assembles the data fragments that arrive. One of the largest challenges in secure multipath routing is determining the security threat level along each path and providing a commensurate level of encryption along that path. The research presented explores the effects of real-world attack scenarios in systems, and gauges the threat levels along each path. Optimal sampling and compression of network data is provided via compressed sensing. The probability of the presence of specific attack signatures along a network path is determined using machine learning techniques. Using these probabilities, information assurance levels are derived such that security measures along vulnerable paths are increased.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures
Temporal relationship between attitude toward mathematics and mathematics achievement
Creators: name: Kiwanuka, Henry Nsubuga
name: Van Damme, Jan
name: Van den Noortgate, Wim
name: Reynolds, Chandra
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: This study examined the temporal relationship between attitude toward mathematics and mathematics achievement among first-year secondary (i.e. middle) school students (grade 7, about 14–15 years) with a focus on sex differences in Central Uganda. Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models, based on structural equation modeling, were used to analyze data which were collected through students’ questionnaires and mathematics tests at three measurement points. The proportion of variance at the class and school level was larger for the achievement measures than for the attitude measures. At these two levels, also the correlation coefficients between the two constructs were higher for boys than for girls. The study found evidence in support of the reciprocal-effects model as the best-fitting structural model within and across both sexes. Between the first and second measurement points, there was evidence for the self-enhancement model (attitude influencing achievement), while between the second and third points, the skill-development model (achievement influencing attitude) was supported.
Visualization of out-of-plane spin generation in mirror symmetry broken Co
Creators: name: Liu, Yakun
name: Hu, Fanrui
name: Shi, Guoyi
name: Yang, Hyunsoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generating out-of-plane spins in sputtered materials holds immense potential for achieving field-free spin-orbit torque switching in practical applications and mass production. In this work, we present the detection of out-of-plane spins from single-layer ferromagnetic Co layers, which are visualized through helicity-dependent photomapping techniques. Our experiments have shown that out-of-plane spin generation is dependent on the magnetization direction, current density, and Co thickness. Our findings indicate that amorphous sputtered Co can be a promising candidate as an out-of-plane spin source material for industrial massive production.
description: 5 figures
Discrete Symmetry in Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Ni, Guang-jiong
name: Chen, Suqing
name: Xu, Jianjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: EPR experiment on $K^0-\bar{K}^0$ system in 1998\cite{1} strongly hints that one should use operators $\hat{E}_c=-i\hbar\frac{\partial}{\partial t}$ and $\hat{\bf p}_c=i\hbar\nabla$ for the wavefunction (WF) of antiparticle. Further analysis on Klein-Gordon (KG) equation reveals that there is a discrete symmetry hiding in relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) that ${\cal P}{\cal T}={\cal C}$. Here ${\cal P}{\cal T}$ means the (newly defined) combined space-time inversion (with ${\bf x}\to -{\bf x}, t\to-t$), while ${\cal C}$ the transformation of WF $ψ$ between particle and its antiparticle whose definition is just residing in the above symmetry. After combining with Feshbach-Villars (FV) dissociation of KG equation ($ψ=ϕ+χ$)\cite{2}, this discrete symmetry can be rigorously reformulated by the invariance of coupling equation of $ϕ$ and $χ$ under either the combined space-time inversion ${\cal P}{\cal T}$ or the mass inversion ($m\to -m$), which makes the KG equation a self-consistent theory. Dirac equation is also discussed accordingly. Various applications of this discrete symmetry are discussed, including the prediction of antigravity between matter and antimatter as well as the reason why we believe neutrinos are likely the tachyons.
description: 47 pages, 1 fig. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1202.2747
MUSE-ALMA Haloes IX: Morphologies and Stellar Properties of Gas-rich Galaxies
Creators: name: Karki, Arjun
name: Kulkarni, Varsha P.
name: Weng, Simon
name: Péroux, Céline
name: Augustin, Ramona
name: Hayes, Matthew
name: Ayromlou, Mohammadreza
name: Kacprzak, Glenn G.
name: Howk, J. Christopher
name: Szakacs, Roland
name: Klitsch, Anne
name: Hamanowicz, Aleksandra
name: Fresco, Alejandra
name: Zwaan, Martin A.
name: Biggs, Andrew D.
name: Fox, Andrew J.
name: Kassin, Susan
name: Kuntschner, Harald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: newtxmath

description: Understanding how galaxies interact with the circumgalactic medium (CGM) requires determining how galaxies morphological and stellar properties correlate with their CGM properties. We report an analysis of 66 well-imaged galaxies detected in HST and VLT MUSE observations and determined to be within $\pm$500 km s$^{-1}$ of the redshifts of strong intervening quasar absorbers at $0.2 \lesssim z \lesssim 1.4$ with H I column densities $N_{\rm H I}$ $>$ $10^{18}$ $\rm cm^{-2}$. We present the geometrical properties (Sérsic indices, effective radii, axis ratios, and position angles) of these galaxies determined using GALFIT. Using these properties along with star formation rates (SFRs, estimated using the H$α$ or [O II] luminosity) and stellar masses ($M_{*}$ estimated from spectral energy distribution fits), we examine correlations among various stellar and CGM properties. Our main findings are as follows: (1) SFR correlates well with $M_{*}$, and most absorption-selected galaxies are consistent with the star formation main sequence (SFMS) of the global population. (2) More massive absorber counterparts are more centrally concentrated and are larger in size. (3) Galaxy sizes and normalized impact parameters correlate negatively with $N_{\rm H I}$, consistent with higher $N_{\rm H I}$ absorption arising in smaller galaxies, and closer to galaxy centers. (4) Absorption and emission metallicities correlate with $M_{*}$ and sSFR, implying metal-poor absorbers arise in galaxies with low past star formation and faster current gas consumption rates. (5) SFR surface densities of absorption-selected galaxies are higher than predicted by the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation for local galaxies, suggesting a higher star formation efficiency in the absorption-selected galaxies.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 25 pages, 19 figures
Simulations of positive streamers in air in different electric fields: steady motion of solitary streamer heads and the stability field
Creators: name: Francisco, Hani
name: Teunissen, Jannis
name: Bagheri, Behnaz
name: Ebert, Ute
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We simulate and characterize positive streamers in ambient air in homogeneous background electric fields from 4.5 to 26 kV/cm in a 4 cm gap. They can accelerate or decelerate depending on the background electric field. Many experiments have shown that a streamer keeps propagating in a stable manner in the so-called stability field of 4.5 to 5 kV/cm. Our fluid streamer simulations in STP air show that: (1) In a homogeneous field larger than 4.675 kV/cm, a single streamer accelerates, and in a lower field, it decelerates and eventually stagnates with a small radius and very high field enhancement. (2) In a field of 4.675 kV/cm, the streamer head propagates with an approximately constant velocity of 6.7 x 10$^4$ m/s and an optical radius of 55 $μ$m over distances of several centimeters as a stable coherent structure. These values for the radius and velocity agree well with measurements of so-called minimal streamers. (3) Behind the uniformly translating streamer head, the channel conductivity decreases due to electron attachment and recombination, and the electric field returns to its background value about 1 cm behind the head. The propagation behavior of the solitary streamer agrees with the original definition of the stability field, which is the homogeneous field in which a streamer can propagate with a constant speed and shape.
The Need for a New, Clear Option: An In-Depth Analysis of Nuclear Energy
Creators: name: Davis, Zachary Evan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Nuclear industry
Fukushima Nuclear Disaster (Japan : 2011)
Nuclear industry--Government policy
Nuclear industry--Economic aspects
Renewable energy sources
Nuclear energy
Sustainability

description: The goal of the research presented here will be to provide a comprehensive view of the nuclear industry today. Upon analyzing data from the last 40 years, a pattern of irresponsible, financially untenable policymaking begins to emerge, highlighting the growing disconnect between the general populace, which is most vulnerable to the benefits and pitfalls of the nuclear industry, and the elected officials who make the final decision in many countries regarding nuclear adoption. The primary context of this article will be concerned with analyzing opposing views of how nuclear power normally stands to benefit mankind versus the impacts of a worst case nuclear disaster, as occurred at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant. The author provides a brief, general overview of the theory behind nuclear power and its impacts before moving on to the benefits and drawbacks faced by adoptive communities. Next, an analysis of the financial viability of the nuclear industry will be offered, as well as a brief introduction of several means of generating electricity, and their general benefits and drawbacks. The author then offers an opinion on which of these options would offer the best alternative to nuclear power in both the short and long term. Finally, government patterns of dealing with nuclear power will be examined; it very quickly becomes evident that even in the most transparent societies, nuclear adoption encourages dishonesty from policy makers. In closing, the author will leave the reader with a troubling question: “Do we really have a say in our own future?”
Ein neuer Frühling in der katholischen Sexualethik?
Creators: name: Kunze, Axel Bernd
Publisher: name: Werkstatt Schwule Theologie
Year: 1970

description: Werkstatt Schwule Theologie, Bd. 8 Nr. 1 (2001): Werkstatt Schwule Theologie, Band 8, Heft 1
Independence weights for causal inference with continuous treatments
Creators: name: Huling, Jared D.
name: Greifer, Noah
name: Chen, Guanhua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Studying causal effects of continuous treatments is important for gaining a deeper understanding of many interventions, policies, or medications, yet researchers are often left with observational studies for doing so. In the observational setting, confounding is a barrier to the estimation of causal effects. Weighting approaches seek to control for confounding by reweighting samples so that confounders are comparable across different treatment values. Yet, for continuous treatments, weighting methods are highly sensitive to model misspecification. In this paper we elucidate the key property that makes weights effective in estimating causal quantities involving continuous treatments. We show that to eliminate confounding, weights should make treatment and confounders independent on the weighted scale. We develop a measure that characterizes the degree to which a set of weights induces such independence. Further, we propose a new model-free method for weight estimation by optimizing our measure. We study the theoretical properties of our measure and our weights, and prove that our weights can explicitly mitigate treatment-confounder dependence. The empirical effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated in a suite of challenging numerical experiments, where we find that our weights are quite robust and work well under a broad range of settings.
The effect of the gravitational constant variation on the propagation of gravitational waves
Creators: name: An, Jiachen
name: Xue, Yadong
name: Cao, Zhoujian
name: He, Xiaokai
name: Sun, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the first detection of gravitational waves, they have been used to investigate various fundamental problems, including the variation of physical constants. Regarding the gravitational constant, previous works focused on the effect of the gravitational constant variation on the gravitational wave generation. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the gravitational constant variation on the gravitational wave propagation. The Maxwell-like equation that describes the propagation of gravitational waves is extended in this paper to account for situations where the gravitational constant varies. Based on this equation, we find that the amplitude of gravitational waves will be corrected. Consequently the estimated distance to the gravitational wave source without considering such a correction may be biased. Applying our correction result to the well known binary neutron star coalescence event GW170817, we get a constraint on the variation of the gravitational constant. Relating our result to the Yukawa deviation of gravity, we for the first time get the constraint of the Yukawa parameters in 10Mpc scale. This scale corresponds to a graviton mass $m_g\sim10^{-31}$eV.
Study of the $K^+K^-$ final state interaction in proton-proton and electron-positron collisions
Creators: name: Silarski, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strength of the kaon--antikaon interaction is a crucial quantity for many physics topics. It is for example, an important parameter in the discussion on the nature of the scalar resonances $a_{0}(980)$ and $f_{0}(980)$, in particular for their interpretation as $K\bar{K}$ molecules. So far, one of the few possibilities to study this interaction is the kaon pair production in multi particle exit channels like $pp \to ppK^+K^-$. In this article we present the latest results of the $K^+K^-$ interaction preformed based on near threshold data gathered at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY. We discuss also shortly perspectives for a new measurement of the kaon--antikaon scattering length in the $e^+e^-$ collisions.
description: Proceedings of the Excited QCD 2013 Workshop, Bjelasnica Mountain, Sarajevo, February 3-9, 2013
Mapping the Milky Way's stellar halo with 2D data
Creators: name: Chen, Anda
name: Li, Zhigang
name: Wang, Yougang
name: Gong, Yan
name: Chen, Xuelei
name: Long, Richard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new method for measuring the spatial density distribution of the stellar halo of the Milky Way. Our method is based on a pairwise statistic of the distribution of stars on the sky, the angular two-point correlation function (ATPCF). The ATPCF utilizes two dimensional data of stars only and is therefore immune to the large uncertainties in the determination of distances to stars. We test our method using mock stellar data coming from various models including the single power-law (SPL) and the broken power-law (BPL) density profiles. We also test the influence of axisymmetric flattening factors using both constant and varying values. We find that the ATPCF is a powerful tool for recovering the spatial distributions of the stellar halos in our models. We apply our method to observational data from the type ab RR Lyrae catalog in the Catalina Survey Data Release 1. In the 3-parameter BPL model, we find that $s_{1}=2.46_{-0.20}^{+0.18}, s_{2}=3.99_{-1.33}^{+0.75}$ and $r_{0}=31.11_{-5.88}^{+7.61}$, which are in good agreement with previous results. We also find that introducing an extra parameter, the radially varying flattening factor, greatly improves our ability to model accurately the observed data distribution. This implies perhaps that the stellar halo of the Milky Way should be regarded as oblate.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Search for ultralight dark matter with a frequency adjustable diamagnetic levitated sensor
Creators: name: Li, Rui
name: Lin, Shaochun
name: Zhang, Liang
name: Duan, Changkui
name: Huang, Pu
name: Du, Jiangfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among several dark matter candidates, bosonic ultralight (sub meV) dark matter is well motivated because it could couple to the Standard Model (SM) and induce new forces. Previous MICROSCOPE and Eot Wash torsion experiments have achieved high accuracy in the sub-1 Hz region, but at higher frequencies there is still a lack of relevant experimental research. We propose an experimental scheme based on the diamagnetic levitated micromechanical oscillator, one of the most sensitive sensors for acceleration sensitivity below the kilohertz scale. In order to improve the measurement range, we used the sensor whose resonance frequency could be adjusted from 0.1Hz to 100Hz. The limits of the coupling constant are improved by more than 10 times compared to previous reports, and it may be possible to achieve higher accuracy by using the array of sensors in the future.
Cosmic Birefringence as a probe of dark matter nature: Sterile neutrino and dipolar dark matter
Creators: name: Khodagholizadeh, Jafar
name: Mahmoudi, S.
name: Mohammadi, R.
name: Sadegh, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, non-zero rotation angle $β=0.30^\circ\pm0.11^\circ$ $(68\%\text{ C.L.})$ [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{128}, no.9, 091302 (2022)] has been reported for linear polarization of cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, which is known as cosmic birefringence (CB). We used this birefringence angle of CMB to study and distinguish different candidates of dark matter (DM), e.g., dipolar and sterile neutrino DM. We calculated CMB forward scattering by those probable candidates of DM to generate $β$ in the presence of primordial scalar fluctuations' background. We explicitly plotted bounds on the mass and electromagnetic coupling for different sectors of DM, sterile neutrino, and dipolar DM, and compared them with other experimental bounds. Regarding dipolar DM, our calculations put a bound on the Majorana magnetic dipole moment about $\mathcal{M}\leqslant 1.4\times10^{-14}\,\fracβ{0.30^\circ}\sqrt{\frac{m_{\text{\tiny{DM}}}}{1\,GeV}}\, e.\text{\,cm}$. In the case of sterile neutrino DM, the bound on the mass and mixing angle was estimated at $θ^2 \leqslant 3.3\,(rad)^2\fracβ{0.30^\circ}\,\frac{m_{DM}}{\rm{KeV}} $, which can be a new constraint for sterile neutrino DM whose production mechanism is motivated by models with a hidden sector coupled to the sterile neutrino. Based on our results, if the constraint on the mass and the electromagnetic coupling for DM must be within the allowed region, none of the considered candidates can compensate for all the observed CB angles. We also discussed the maximum contribution of the CB angle via CMB forward scattering by different sectors of the dark matter.
description: Published version
Optical rogue waves in the generalized inhomogeneous higher-order nonlinear Schrodinger equation with modulating coefficients
Creators: name: Yan, Zhenya
name: Dai, Chaoqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The higher-order dispersive and nonlinear effects (alias {\it the perturbation terms}) like the third-order dispersion, the self-steepening, and the self-frequency shift play important roles in the study of the ultra-short optical pulse propagation. We consider optical rogue wave solutions and interactions for the generalized higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation with space- and time-modulated parameters. A proper transformation is presented to reduce the generalized higher-order NLS equation to the integrable Hirota equation with constant coefficients. This transformation allows us to relate certain class of exact solutions of the generalized higher-order NLS equation to the variety of solutions of the integrable Hirota equation. In particular, we illustrate the approach in terms of two lowest-order rational solutions of the Hirota equation as seeding functions to generate rogue wave solutions localized in time that have complicated evolution in space with or without the differential gain or loss term. We simply analyze the physical mechanisms of the obtained optical rogue waves on the basis of these constraints. Finally, The stability of the obtained rogue-wave solutions is addressed numerically. The obtained rogue wave solutions may raise the possibility of relative experiments and potential applications in nonlinear optics and other fields of nonlinear science as Bose-Einstein condensates and ocean
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
Grid-Based Atmospheric Retrievals for Reflected-Light Spectra of Exoplanets using PSGnest
Creators: name: Susemiehl, Nicholas
name: Mandell, Avi M.
name: Villanueva, Geronimo L.
name: Liuzzi, Giuliano
name: Moore, Michael
name: Baines, Tyler
name: Himes, Michael D.
name: Smith, Adam J. R. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Techniques to retrieve the atmospheric properties of exoplanets via direct observation of their reflected light have often been limited in scope due to computational constraints imposed by the forward-model calculations. We have developed a new set of techniques which significantly decreases the time required to perform a retrieval while maintaining accurate results. We constructed a grid of 1.4 million pre-computed geometric albedo spectra valued at discrete sets of parameter points. Spectra from this grid are used to produce models for a fast and efficient nested sampling routine called PSGnest. Beyond the upfront time to construct a spectral grid, the amount of time to complete a full retrieval using PSGnest is on the order of seconds to minutes using a personal computer. An extensive evaluation of the error induced from interpolating intermediate spectra from the grid indicates that this bias is insignificant compared to other retrieval error sources, with an average coefficient of determination between interpolated and true spectra of 0.998. We apply these new retrieval techniques to help constrain the optimal bandpass centers for retrieving various atmospheric and bulk parameters from a LuvEx-type mission observing several planetary archetypes. We show that spectral observations made using a 20\% bandpass centered at 0.73 microns can be used alongside our new techniques to make detections of $H_2O$ and $O_2$ without the need to increase observing time beyond what is necessary for a signal-to-noise ratio of 10. The methods introduced here will enable robust studies of the capabilities of future observatories to characterize exoplanets.
description: 32 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal
Derivations of Quantum and Involution Generalized Weyl Algebras
Creators: name: Kitchin, Andrew P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We classify the derivations of degree-one generalized Weyl algebras over a univariate Laurent polynomial ring. In particular, our results cover the Weyl-Hayashi algebra, a quantization of the first Weyl algebra arising as a primitive factor algebra of $U_q^+(\mathfrak{so}_5)$, and a family of algebras which localize to the group algebra of the infinite group with generators $x$ and $y$, subject to the relation $xy = y^{-1}x.$
description: 16 pages
The Havriliak-Negami and Jurlewicz-Weron-Stanislavsky relaxation models revisited: memory functions based study
Creators: name: Górska, K.
name: Horzela, A.
name: Penson, K. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a review of theoretical results concerning the Havriliak-Negami (HN) and the Jurlewicz-Weron-Stanislavsky (JWS) dielectric relaxation models. We derive explicit forms of functions characterizing relaxation phenomena in the time domain - the relaxation, response and probability distribution functions. We also explain how to construct and solve relevant evolution equations within these models. These equations are usually solved by using the Schwinger parametrization and the integral transforms. Instead, in this work we replace it by the powerful Efros theorem. That allows one to relate physically admissible solutions to the memory-dependent evolution equations with phenomenologically known spectral functions and, from the other side, with the subordination mechanism emerging from a stochastic analysis of processes underpinning considered relaxation phenomena. Our approach is based on a systematic analysis of the memory-dependent evolution equations. It exploits methods of integral transforms, operational calculus and special functions theory with the completely monotone and Bernstein functions. Merging analytic and stochastic methods enables us to give a complete classification of the standard functions used to describe the large class of the relaxation phenomena and to explain their properties.
Fast and Accurate Optimization of Metasurfaces with Gradient Descent and the Woodbury Matrix Identity
Creators: name: Budhu, Jordan
name: Grbic, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fast metasurface optimization strategy for finite-size metasurfaces modeled using integral equations is presented. The metasurfaces considered are constructed from finite patterned metallic claddings supported by grounded dielectric spacers. Integral equations are used to model the response of the metasurface to a known excitation and solved by Method of Moments. An accelerated gradient descent optimization algorithm is presented that enables the direct optimization of such metasurfaces. The gradient is normally calculated by solving the method of moments problem N+1 times where N is the number of homogenized elements in the metasurface. Since the calculation of each component of the N-dimensional gradient involves perturbing the moment method impedance matrix along one element of its diagonal and inverting the result, this numerical gradient calculation can be accelerated using the Woodbury Matrix Identity. The Woodbury Matrix Identity allows the inverse of the perturbed impedance matrix to be computed at a low cost by forming a rank-r correction to the inverse of the unperturbed impedance matrix. Timing diagrams show up to a 26.5 times improvement in algorithm times when the acceleration technique is applied. An example of a passive and lossless wide-angle reflecting metasurface designed using the accelerated optimization technique is reported.
Sustainability and Contemporary Man-Nature Divide: Aspects of Conflict and Alienation
Creators: name: Bakari, Mohamed El-Kamel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Consumption (Economics)
Capitalism--Environmental aspects
Green movement
Nature--Effect of human beings on
Environmental degradation--Social aspects
Environmental degradation--Economic aspects
Sustainable development
Sustainability

description: The rise of modern capitalism, which is based largely on Enlightenment thinking and the primacy of exponential economic growth, has usually been considered the starting point of environmental degradation and the abuse of nature. Post-industrial societies, therefore, have been characterized by a disturbed environment-society relationship manifesting itself as ecological disasters as well as the prevailing instrumental view of nature under the current neoliberal capitalist paradigm of development. Using this framework, this article aims to discuss whether or not the current environment-society relationship is wholly at odds with the holistic view of nature within the sustainability discourse. Some important features of globalization, such as 'time-space distanciation,' rising 'corporatism,' and 'global consumerism', are also relevant to this discussion. Special emphasis is placed on the increasingly conspicuous aspects of human alienation from nature within modern societies as well as the concomitant social and cultural dislocations that the lingering Man-Nature divide has engendered. Ultimately, the potential of new initiatives to bridge this divide and promote sustainability is highlighted and research questions are thrown up for further scholarly investigation.
Theoretical Raman fingerprints of $α$-, $β$-, and $γ$-graphyne
Creators: name: Popov, Valentin N.
name: Lambin, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The novel graphene allotropes $α$-, $β$-, and $γ$-graphyne derive from graphene by insertion of acetylenic groups. The three graphynes are the only members of the graphyne family with the same hexagonal symmetry as graphene itself, which has as a consequence similarity in their electronic and vibrational properties. Here, we study the electronic band structure, phonon dispersion, and Raman spectra of these graphynes within an \textit{ab-initio}-based non-orthogonal tight-binding model. In particular, the predicted Raman spectra exhibit a few intense resonant Raman lines, which can be used for identification of the three graphynes by their Raman spectra for future applications in nanoelectronics.
Queerexistenz zwischen Exil, Verheißung und Befreiung
Creators: name: Kunze, Axel Bernd
Publisher: name: Werkstatt Schwule Theologie
Year: 1970

description: Werkstatt Schwule Theologie, Bd. 8 Nr. 1 (2001): Werkstatt Schwule Theologie, Band 8, Heft 1
Comparison of Modules of Wild Type and Mutant Huntingtin and TP53 Protein Interaction Networks: Implications in Biological Processes and Functions
Creators: name: Basu, Mahashweta
name: Bhattacharyya, Nitai P.
name: Mohanty, Pradeep K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Disease-causing mutations usually change the interacting partners of mutant proteins. In this article, we propose that the biological consequences of mutation are directly related to the alteration of corresponding protein protein interaction networks (PPIN). Mutation of Huntingtin (HTT) which causes Huntington's disease (HD) and mutations to TP53 which is associated with different cancers are studied as two example cases. We construct the PPIN of wild type and mutant proteins separately and identify the structural modules of each of the networks. The functional role of these modules are then assessed by Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis for biological processes (BPs). We find that a large number of significantly enriched (p<0.0001) GO terms in mutant PPIN were absent in the wild type PPIN indicating the gain of BPs due to mutation. Similarly some of the GO terms enriched in wild type PPIN cease to exist in the modules of mutant PPIN, representing the loss. GO terms common in modules of mutant and wild type networks indicate both loss and gain of BPs. We further assign relevant biological function(s) to each module by classifying the enriched GO terms associated with it. It turns out that most of these biological functions in HTT networks are already known to be altered in HD and those of TP53 networks are altered in cancers. We argue that gain of BPs, and the corresponding biological functions, are due to new interacting partners acquired by mutant proteins. The methodology we adopt here could be applied to genetic diseases where mutations alter the ability of the protein to interact with other proteins.
description: 35 pages, 10 eps figures, (Supplementary material and Datasets are available on request)
Electromechanical feedback control of nanoscale superflow
Creators: name: Varga, Emil
name: Davis, John P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superfluid $^4$He is a promising material for optomechanical and electromechanical applications due to its low acoustic loss. Some of the more intriguing aspects of superfluidity -- the macroscopic coherence, topological nature of vorticity, and capability of supporting non-classical flows -- remain, however, poorly explored resources in opto- and electro-mechanical systems. Here, we present an electromechanical coupling to pure superflow inside a nanofluidic Helmholtz resonator with viscously clamped normal fluid. The system is capable of simultaneous measurement of displacement and velocity of the Helmholtz mechanical mode weakly driven by incoherent environmental noise. Additionally, we implement feedback capable of inducing self-oscillation of the non-classical acoustic mode, damping the motion below the ambient level, and tuning of the mode frequency.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
You Are What You Eat: The Circumgalactic Medium Around BreakBRD Galaxies has Low Mass and Angular Momentum
Creators: name: Tonnesen, Stephanie
name: DeFelippis, Daniel
name: Tuttle, Sarah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observed breakBRD ("break bulges in red disks") galaxies are a nearby sample of face-on disk galaxies with particularly centrally-concentrated star formation: they have red disks but recent star formation in their centers as measured by the D$_n$4000 spectral index. In Kopenhafer et al. (2020), a comparable population of breakBRD analogues was identified in the TNG simulation, in which the central concentration of star formation was found to reflect a central concentration of dense, starforming gas caused by a lack of dense gas in the galaxy outskirts. In this paper we examine the circumgalactic medium of the central breakBRD analogues to determine if the extended halo gas also shows differences from that around comparison galaxies with comparable stellar mass. We examine the circumgalactic medium gas mass, specific angular momentum, and metallicity in these galaxy populations. We find less gas in the circumgalactic medium of breakBRD galaxies, and that the breakBRD circumgalactic medium is slightly more concentrated than that of comparable stellar mass galaxies. In addition, we find that the angular momentum in the circumgalactic medium of breakBRD galaxies tends to be low for their stellar mass, and show more misalignment to the angular momentum vector of the stellar disk. Finally, we find that the circumgalactic medium metallicity of breakBRD galaxies tends to be high for their stellar mass. Together with their low SFR, we argue that these CGM properties indicate a small amount of disk feeding concentrated in the central regions, and a lack of low-metallicity gas accretion from the intergalactic medium.
description: Published in The Astrophysical Journal, July 2023
Additional file 1 of Microfluidic device for enhancement and analysis of osteoblast differentiation in three-dimensional cell cultures
Creators: name: Killinger, Michael
name: Kratochvilová, Adéla
name: Reihs, Eva Ingeborg
name: Matalová, Eva
name: Klepárník, Karel
name: Rothbauer, Mario
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1.
Impossibility Results in AI: A Survey
Creators: name: Brcic, Mario
name: Yampolskiy, Roman V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.4; I.2

description: An impossibility theorem demonstrates that a particular problem or set of problems cannot be solved as described in the claim. Such theorems put limits on what is possible to do concerning artificial intelligence, especially the super-intelligent one. As such, these results serve as guidelines, reminders, and warnings to AI safety, AI policy, and governance researchers. These might enable solutions to some long-standing questions in the form of formalizing theories in the framework of constraint satisfaction without committing to one option. We strongly believe this to be the most prudent approach to long-term AI safety initiatives. In this paper, we have categorized impossibility theorems applicable to AI into five mechanism-based categories: deduction, indistinguishability, induction, tradeoffs, and intractability. We found that certain theorems are too specific or have implicit assumptions that limit application. Also, we added new results (theorems) such as the unfairness of explainability, the first explainability-related result in the induction category. The remaining results deal with misalignment between the clones and put a limit to the self-awareness of agents. We concluded that deductive impossibilities deny 100%-guarantees for security. In the end, we give some ideas that hold potential in explainability, controllability, value alignment, ethics, and group decision-making. They can be deepened by further investigation.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures, 103 references
Chemical Evolution in High-Mass Star-Forming Regions: Results from the MALT90 Survey
Creators: name: Hoq, Sadia
name: Jackson, James M.
name: Foster, Jonathan B.
name: Sanhueza, Patricio
name: Guzman, Andres
name: Whitaker, J. Scott
name: Claysmith, Christopher
name: Rathborne, Jill M.
name: Vasyunina, Tatiana
name: Vasyunin, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chemical changes of high-mass star-forming regions provide a potential method for classifying their evolutionary stages and, ultimately, ages. In this study, we search for correlations between molecular abundances and the evolutionary stages of dense molecular clumps associated with high-mass star formation. We use the molecular line maps from Year 1 of the Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz (MALT90) Survey. The survey mapped several hundred individual star-forming clumps chosen from the ATLASGAL survey to span the complete range of evolution, from prestellar to protostellar to H II regions. The evolutionary stage of each clump is classified using the Spitzer GLIMPSE/MIPSGAL mid-IR surveys. Where possible, we determine the dust temperatures and H2 column densities for each clump from Herschel Hi-GAL continuum data. From MALT90 data, we measure the integrated intensities of the N2H+, HCO+, HCN and HNC (1-0) lines, and derive the column densities and abundances of N2H+ and HCO+. The Herschel dust temperatures increase as a function of the IR-based Spitzer evolutionary classification scheme, with the youngest clumps being the coldest, which gives confidence that this classification method provides a reliable way to assign evolutionary stages to clumps. Both N2H+ and HCO+ abundances increase as a function of evolutionary stage, whereas the N2H+ (1-0) to HCO+ (1-0) integrated intensity ratios show no discernable trend. The HCN (1-0) to HNC(1-0) integrated intensity ratios show marginal evidence of an increase as the clumps evolve.
Green Talk: Comparing the Discourse on Climate Change and Sustainable Development between Environmental NGOs and the State in Vietnam and Bolivia
Creators: name: Schipani, Samantha
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Sustainable development--Political aspects
Environmental policy
Climatic changes--Political aspects
Non-governmental organizations
Sustainability
Climatic changes

description: Environmental non-government organizations (ENGOs) and national governments are key players in the political sphere surrounding issues of climate change and sustainable development. The relationships between the discourse on "climate change" and "sustainable development" and ENGOs and the state in both Vietnam and Bolivia provides a critical look into the ways in which these issues are approached in two highly-vulnerable countries with different political regimes. Live & Learn, the Centre for Marinelife and Conservation, and PanNature were interviewed as ENGO case studies in Vietnam; and Grupo de Trabajo de Cambio Climático y Justicia and Proinpa were interviewed as ENGO case studies in Bolivia. Comparing the discourse from the ENGO interviews and websites depicting the Socialist Republic of Vietnam's Law on the Protection of the Environment and Bolivia's 2009 Political Constitution of the State elucidates the gaps left by state policies with regards to the needs of civil society in the context of climate change and sustainable development. The analysis also demonstrates the ways in which different regimes shape the culture of ENGOs and how this impacts climate change and sustainable development initiatives and action.