cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Novel O-glycan arrays to characterize human cancer-associated epithelial antigens
Creators: name: Gao, Chao
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Aberrantly expressed carbohydrates occur on cancer cells and are antigenic. This thesis is focused on studies to elucidate two elusive hybridoma-defined, cancer-associated carbohydrate antigens: a prostate cancer-associated antigen F77 and a broadly distributed epithelial cancer-associated antigen AE3. The key experiments performed are microarray analyses with mucin-type glycoproteins and generation of designer arrays, multidimensional chromatographies and mass spectrometry of O-glycomes. Antigen-positive sequences assigned are corroborated with focused arrays of natural and chemically synthetized oligosaccharides or glycolipids and products of glycosidase treatments. The F77 antigen is assigned as blood group H type 2 on a 6-linked branch of a poly-N-acetyllactosamine backbone (structure a). This sequence is shown to occur on O-glycans and on glycolipids. The F77 antibody can bind, with lower intensities, to the blood group A and B analogues of structure a. The minimum F77 antigenic sequence is shown to be a pentasaccharide (underlined in structure a). The close association of F77 antigen with prostate cancer is proposed to be a consequence of up-regulation of branching enzymes together with persistent expression of H antigen. This may account for the prevalence of F77 antigen in prostate cancers irrespective of the patients’ ABO blood group status. [Scheme appears here. To view, please open pdf attachment]. There appear to be two distinct forms of AE3 antigen as evidenced by the ability of AE3 antibody to bind: (i) the O-glycan structure b, known as T antigen, which is joined by α-linkage to serine on mucin-type glycoproteins, and (ii) a sulphated glycolipid known as SM1a (structure c) in which “T” sequence is joined by β-linkage to galactose. An O-glycan analogue of structure c (structure d), has not been reported so far. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of structure d will shortly be attempted for antigenic analysis. [Scheme appears here. To view, please open pdf attachment]. With knowledge of details of these two antigens, the biosynthetic pathways, the biological functions and clinical applications can now be rationally pursued.
Emergency anaphylaxis protocols: A cross-sectional analysis of general practice surgeries and pharmacies in both the urban and rural setting in Ireland
Creators: name: O’Brien, Hannah
name: Conaghy, David Mc
name: Brennan, Declan
name: Meaney, Sarah
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: The incidence of anaphylaxis appears to be increasing worldwide with cases in the community outnumbering those in the hospital setting. General practice (GP) surgeries and pharmacies, based in the community, are often the first point of contact for many patients suffering from anaphylaxis. Objectives: To determine if studied GP surgeries and pharmacies have an anaphylaxis protocol on site and have access to an anaphylaxis kit; to explore GP’s and pharmacists’ personal experiences with management of anaphylaxis. Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was performed examining anaphylaxis protocols in a sample of general practices and pharmacies from some counties in Ireland. This consisted of a sample from rural and urban settings. The study commenced in October 2014. Results: Nineteen of 24 GPs (79%) and 9 (29%) pharmacies had an anaphylaxis protocol (P Conclusion: In contrast to national and international guidelines only 79% of GPs and 29% of pharmacies in this study from Ireland had an anaphylaxis protocol onsite.
Polarimetric Observations of the Masers in NGC 4258: An Upper Limit on the Large-Scale Magnetic Field 0.2 pc from the Central Engine
Creators: name: Herrnstein, J. R.
name: Moran, J. M.
name: Greenhill, L. J.
name: Blackman, E. G.
name: Diamond, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report VLA 1 sigma upper limits of 1.5% and 3% on the intrinsic circular and linear fractional polarizations, respectively, of the water vapor maser emission 0.2 pc from the central engine of NGC 4258. A corresponding 0.5% upper limit on any Zeeman-splitting-induced circular polarization translates to a 1 sigma upper limit on the parallel, or toroidal, component of the magnetic field of 300 mG. Assuming magnetic and thermal pressure balance in the disk, this magnetic field upper limit corresponds to a model-dependent estimate of the accretion rate through the molecular disk of 10^-1.9 alpha solar masses per year for the case where the magnetic field lies along the line of sight.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures. To appear in ApJ, Part I
Phase Transitions in Warm, Asymmetric Nuclear Matter
Creators: name: Mueller, Horst
name: Serot, Brian D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A relativistic mean-field model of nuclear matter with arbitrary proton fraction is studied at finite temperature. An analysis is performed of the liquid-gas phase transition in a system with two conserved charges (baryon number and isospin) using the stability conditions on the free energy, the conservation laws, and Gibbs' criteria for phase equilibrium. For a binary system with two phases, the coexistence surface (binodal) is two-dimensional. The Maxwell construction through the phase-separation region is discussed, and it is shown that the stable configuration can be determined uniquely at every density. Moreover, because of the greater dimensionality of the binodal surface, the liquid-gas phase transition is continuous (second order by Ehrenfest's definition), rather than discontinuous (first order), as in familiar one-component systems. Using a mean-field equation of state calibrated to the properties of nuclear matter and finite nuclei, various phase-separation scenarios are considered. The model is then applied to the liquid-gas phase transition that may occur in the warm, dilute matter produced in energetic heavy-ion collisions. In asymmetric matter, instabilities that produce a liquid-gas phase separation arise from fluctuations in the proton concentration (chemical instability), rather than from fluctuations in the baryon density (mechanical instability).
description: Postscript file, 50 pages including 23 figures
Central Limit Theorem for stationary Fleming--Viot particle systems in finite spaces
Creators: name: Lelievre, Tony
name: Pillaud-Vivien, Loucas
name: Reygner, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the Fleming--Viot particle system associated with a continuous-time Markov chain in a finite space. Assuming irreducibility, it is known that the particle system possesses a unique stationary distribution, under which its empirical measure converges to the quasistationary distribution of the Markov chain. We complement this Law of Large Numbers with a Central Limit Theorem. Our proof essentially relies on elementary computations on the infinitesimal generator of the Fleming--Viot particle system, and involves the so-called $π$-return process in the expression of the asymptotic variance. Our work can be seen as an infinite-time version, in the setting of finite space Markov chains, of results by Del Moral and Miclo [ESAIM: Probab. Statist., 2003] and C{é}rou, Delyon, Guyader and Rousset [arXiv:1611.00515, arXiv:1709.06771].
Reminiscences of George William Alger, 1952
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Lawyers
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Insurance
subject: Social problems

description: Vermont boyhood; Law practice in New York City at the turn of the century; Moreland Commission; New York prisons; Moreland commissioner to investigate New York State Superintendent of Insurance in the guaranteed mortgage companies debacle on nearly two billion issues of bonds, 1933; New York City garment industry. Observations on social reformers, including Lillian Wald and Florence Kelley; Theodore Roosevelt
Reminiscences of Gerald C. Thomas 1966
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Veterans
World War, 1914-1918--Naval operations, American
World War, 1939-1945--Naval operations, American
Korean War, 1950-1953
Amphibious warfare

description: Family background, education; World War I service; Haiti, 1919-21; Washington Disarmament Conference; special mission to Middle East with James Roosevelt, 1941; observation of British operations; World War II: Guadalcanal and Bougainville operations; Alexander Vandegrift Commandancy, unification fight; Marine occupation of North China; Chinese Civil War; fighting in Central Korea; Army personalities.
The Phase Transition to the Quark-Gluon Plasma and Its Effect on Hydrodynamic Flow
Creators: name: Rischke, Dirk H.
name: Puersuen, Yaris
name: Maruhn, Joachim A.
name: Stoecker, Horst
name: Greiner, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that in ideal relativistic hydrodynamics a phase transition from hadron to quark and gluon degrees of freedom in the nuclear matter equation of state leads to a minimum in the excitation function of the transverse collective flow.
description: 11 pages, latex, 7 uuencoded figures
A variational approach to Data Assimilation in the Solar Wind
Creators: name: Lang, Matthew
name: Owens, Mathew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variational Data Assimilation (DA) has enabled huge improvements in the skill of operational weather forecasting. In this study, we use a simple solar-wind propagation model to develop the first solar-wind variational DA scheme. This scheme enables solar-wind observations far from the Sun, such as at 1 AU, to update and improve the inner boundary conditions of the solar wind model (at $30$ solar radii). In this way, observational information can be used to improve estimates of the near-Earth solar wind, even when the observations are not directly downstream of the Earth. Using controlled experiments with synthetic observations we demonstrate this method's potential to improve solar wind forecasts, though the best results are achieved in conjunction with accurate initial estimates of the solar wind. The variational DA scheme is also applied to STEREO in-situ observations using initial solar wind conditions supplied by a coronal model of the observed photospheric magnetic field. We consider the period Oct 2010-Oct 2011, when the STEREO spacecraft were approximately $80^{\circ}$ ahead/behind Earth in its orbit. For 12 of 13 Carrington Rotations, assimilation of STEREO data improves the near-Earth solar wind estimate over the non-assimilated state, with a $18.4\%$ reduction in the root-mean-squared-error. The largest gains are made by the DA during times when the steady-state assumption of the coronal models breaks down. While applying this pure variational approach to complex solar-wind models is technically challenging, we discuss hybrid DA approaches which are simpler to implement and may retain many of the advantages demonstrated here.
description: 34 pages, 16 figures
title: Michigan the Beautiful: Great Lakes - Developing Strategies to Conserve, Connect, and Restore 30% of Michigan's Great Lakes Coastal and Open Waters by 2030
Creators: name: Escheveste, Alicia
name: Floyd, Calvin
name: Pigott, AiLi
name: Talbot, Lauren
name: Xue, Longyu
name: Young, Cailin
Publisher: name: University of Michigan
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Great Lakes
subject: Biodiversity Conservation
subject: Coastal Resiliency
subject: 30x30
subject: Natural Resources and Environment
subject: Science

description: The Laurentian Great Lakes are a defining feature of Michigan's identity, providing drinking water for millions, habitat for thousands of species, and unparalleled economic, cultural, and recreational value. However, Michigan's coastal and open waters face escalating challenges, including legacy contamination, impacts from climate change, and the threat of biodiversity loss. Many of these same threats are felt across the globe - often referred to as the "Triple Planetary Crisis" of pollution, climate change, and biodiversity loss. In an effort to combat these compounding crises, the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP 15) Convention on Biodiversity in 2022 established a global goal to conserve 30% of land and water by 2030, also known as 30x30. More than 100 countries, including the United States, have agreed to pursue the 30x30 goal. In response to the United States' America the Beautiful 30x30 call to action, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is working to advance biodiversity protection by fostering community and state collaboration through the Michigan the Beautiful (MtB) initiative to conserve 30% of Michigan's land and water by 2030. The Great Lakes - representing 20% of the world's fresh water supply and 40% of Michigan's area - are crucial to achieving this goal.
Automatic MRI segmentation of the developing neonatal brain
Creators: name: Makropoulos, Antonios
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Detailed morphometric analysis of the neonatal brain is required to characterise normal brain development and investigate the neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive impairments. The segmentation of the brain in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a prerequisite to obtain quantitative measurements of regional brain structures. These measurements obtained at term-equivalent or early preterm age may lead to improved understanding of brain growth and may help evaluate long-term neurodevelopmental performance at an early stage. This thesis focuses on the development of an accurate segmentation algorithm for the neonatal brain MR images and its application in large cohorts of subjects. Neonatal brain segmentation is challenging due to the large anatomical variability as a result of the rapid brain development in the neonatal period. The lack of training data in the neonatal period, encoded in brain atlases, further hinders the development of automatic segmentation tools. A novel algorithm for the tissue segmentation of the neonatal brain is proposed. The algorithm is extended for the regional brain segmentation. This is the first segmentation method for the parcellation of the developing neonatal brain into multiple structures. A novel method is further proposed for the group-wise segmentation of the data that utilizes unlabelled data to complement the labelling information of brain atlases. Previous studies in the literature tended to overestimate the extent of the cortical region. A method based on the morphology of the cortex is introduced to correct for this over-segmentation. The segmentation method is applied on an extensive database of neonatal MR images. Regional volumetric, surface and diffusion tensor imaging measurements are derived from the early preterm period to term-equivalent age. These measurements allow characterisation of the regional brain development and the investigation of correlations with clinical factors. Finally, a spatio-temporal structural atlas is constructed for multiple regions of the neonatal brain.
Additional file 1 of Palbociclib-based high-throughput combination drug screening identifies synergistic therapeutic options in HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Creators: name: Gu, Ziyue
name: Shi, Chaoji
name: Li, Jiayi
name: Han, Yong
name: Sun, Bao
name: Zhang, Wuchang
name: Wu, Jing
name: Zhou, Guoyu
name: Ye, Weimin
name: Li, Jiang
name: Zhang, Zhiyuan
name: Zhou, Rong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. HPVneg HNSCC models showed a limited response to CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib monotherapy, related to Fig. 1. Supplementary Figure 2. 10 × 10 matrix screening of palbociclib combined with four PI3K inhibitors in HPVneg HNSCC cell lines, related to Fig. 2. Supplementary Figure 3. Assessment of palbociclib-based combinational therapy with four PI3K inhibitors in HPVneg HNSCC cell lines, related to Fig. 3. Supplementary Figure 4. Assessment of abemaciclib-based combinational therapy with four PI3K inhibitors in HPVneg HNSCC cell lines, related to Fig. 3. Supplementary Figure 5. GSEA and western blot analyses of palbociclib-alpelisib combined therapy in HPVneg HNSCC cell lines, related to Fig. 4. Supplementary Figure 6. Effect and mechanism of selected drug combinations in HPVneg HNSCC cell lines, related to Fig. 5. Supplementary Figure 7. Information of relevant in vivo experiments using HPVneg PDX models, related to Fig. 6.
Effectiveness of agricultural water management technologies on rainfed cereals crop yield and runoff in semi-arid catchment: a meta-analysis
Creators: name: M. S. Magombeyi
name: A. E. Taigbenu
name: J. Barron
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Multiple agricultural water management (AWM) technologies are being promoted worldwide in rainfed agro-ecological production systems, such as the Limpopo River Basin, to close the yield gap, enhance food security and reduce poverty, but evidences on yield gains and environmental impacts are varied. This paper conducts a review of the performance of AWM technologies against conventional farmer practices to produce adequate evidence on cereal yield and field runoff changes. With the interrogation of literature from 1980 to 2013 using seven AWM groupings, enough evidence was found that AWM technologies can deliver substantial benefits of increased crop yield and water productivity with reduced environmental impacts. Using random effects model, the standardized mean difference (SMD) of yield between AWM and control was 0.27, while SMD of water productivity was 0.46, indicating the effectiveness of the technologies (SMD > 0). Subgroup analyses showed greatest yield responses on silty-clay-loam, clay-loam and sandy soils compared to clay and loam-sandy soils, and higher yield increase under low rainfall regime (200–500 mm) than under high rainfall regime (500–800 mm). Large yield change variations for different AWM technologies present a huge opportunity for meeting the existing yield gaps and enhancing coping capacity in dry years and under climate change.
Isis hippuris Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Alcyonacea
Isididae
Isis
Isis hippuris

description: Isis hippuris [spec. nov.]
I. stirpe corallino, articulis striatis, geniculis attenuatis.
Hort. cliff. 480. Sertularia ramosissima, articulis sulcatis
Mus. Tessin. 118. idem.
Clus. exot. 124. Hippuris saxea.
Bauh. hist. 3. p. 788.
Raj. hist. 68.
Besl. mus. 78. t. 23.
Olear. mus. 76. t. 35. f. 4.
Rumph. amb. 6. p. 228. t. 84. Accabarium album.
Gvalt. test. 118.
Edw. av. t. 93.
Habitat ..
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 799, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Gorgonia Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Alcyonacea
Gorgoniidae
Gorgonia

description: Gorgonia [gen. nov.]
Flores e poris sparsis lateralibus. Ellis cor. t. 26. f. M.
Proles rariores e calyce galeato bilabiato: Labio superiore tridentato; inseriore subtridentato.
Stirps radicatus, corneus, flexilis, continuus, cortice calcareo crustatus.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 800, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Reminiscences of Gerhart Heinrich Seger, 1950
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Lecturers
Journalists
Concentration camps
Journalism

description: Journalism in Germany and Europe, 1921-1933; German Reichstag, 1930-1933; concentration camp experiences and escape, 1933; immigration to the United States; lecturing on international affairs
Isospin non-equilibrium in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies
Creators: name: Li, Bao-An
name: Yennello, Sherry J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the equilibration of isospin degree of freedom in intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions using an isospin-dependent BUU model. It is found that there exists a transition from the isospin equilibration at low energies to non-equilibration at high energies as the beam energy varies across the Fermi energy in central, asymmetric heavy-ion collisions. At beam energies around 55 MeV/nucleon, the composite system in thermal equilibrium but isospin non-equilibrium breaks up into two primary hot residues with N/Z ratios closely related to those of the target and projectile respectively. The decay of these forward-backward moving residues results in the strong isospin asymmetry in space and the dependence of the isotopic composition of fragments on the N/Z ratios of the target and projectile. These features are in good agreement with those found recently in experiments at NSCL/MSU and TAMU, implications of these findings are discussed.
description: 9 pages, latex, + 3 figures available upon request
Modelling bursty flows with fluid queues
Creators: name: Jones, Gareth
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Many modern systems must deal with bursty traffic, from computer systems subject to jobs arriving in clusters to devices with an intermittent energy supply such as those powered by renewable sources. As computer systems become ever more commonplace, and renewable energy targets make unreliable power ubiquitous, an important part of system design will be ensuring system performance under bursty demand. We seek to understand the impact of bursty arrivals and show how system parameters can be chosen to meet service requirements in these situations. In this thesis, we will be concerned with the fluid queue, a modelling paradigm for systems subject to bursty arrivals. Fluid queues describe the evolution of a stochastic buffer fed by a source which changes rate according to a background process, typically a continuous-time Markov chain. We choose this model as it captures the key behaviour we wish to model and the characteristics we seek to compute are amenable to efficient solution. In this thesis we make three contributions to the theory of fluid queues, significantly increasing the class of systems which can be modelled without resorting to experiments or simulations. Firstly, we derive hitting times in models with multi-regime (level-dependent) behaviour, then busy periods in models where the environment process has an infinite (but countable) state space such as the M/M/c queue, and finally performance metrics in networks of fluid queues. We apply such models to give insights into mobile phone battery life, the temperature of a computer system and reserve levels in energy storage reservoirs, all systems subject to bursty arrivals.
Thermal management of the permanent magnets in a totally enclosed axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine
Creators: name: Malloy, Adam
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Elevated magnet temperature in Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (AF PMSM) adversely affects torque production, material cost, and the risk of demagnetisation. These machines show promise in applications requiring high power density, however the factors which affect magnet temperature have rarely been investigated. This is therefore the focus of the thesis. A multiphysics numerical model was formulated which predicted the loss, flow, and temperature fields within an AF PMSM. A criterion for estimating the relative importance of the fluctuating component of a periodic heat source on the temperature response of a device was proposed and validated. In this work it was used to justify a steady state, rather than transient, thermal analysis. Thermometric and electrical measurements were taken from an instrumented AF PMSM to validate the numerical predictions. A novel magnet loss measurement technique was implemented; losses were determined by measuring the initial temperature rise rate of the magnets. This was achieved via a calibration relating temperature rise to voltage constant. It was found that 99% of the heat generated in the magnets was convected to the inner cavity of the machine, due to the inner cavity’s recirculating flow structure this heat was dissipated to the casing and core. As a proportion of all heat entering the inner cavity 56-62% left to the casing while 28-41% left to the core. Magnet hot spots were found to be up to 13% greater than the mean temperature rise. Their location was influenced by the distribution of losses and the direction of shaft rotation. Temperature gradients within the inner cavity caused the magnet’s trailing edge to incur a 10% greater temperature rise than the leading edge. As increasing temperature decreases the coercivity of magnet materials these findings are a crucial contribution to the understanding of devices where local demagnetisation is of concern.
Improving Internet Path Performance through Detour Routing
Creators: name: Haddow, Thom
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: With the rise of cloud computing, distributed services are supplanting the role of traditional host-based systems. The performance of such applications is dependent on the properties of the network that connects their nodes. However, measurement studies have shown that the end-to-end performance for almost all network paths is suboptimal with regards to latency and throughput—alternative paths which could improve upon those metrics can be seen to exist, but applications have no means by which to exploit them. The performance of network paths can be improved with detour routing, an approach which can enhance path performance by redirecting end-to-end communication flows via tertiary de- tour nodes, exploiting otherwise unrealised connectivity in the network. However, discovering effective detour nodes for arbitrary end-to-end Internet paths incurs a high measurement cost, and discovering such nodes in a scalable fashion remains an open problem. Existing proposals have been restricted to optimising simple metrics, such as latency, or have exploited third-party infrastructure to gather measurements. Where they have been evaluated within a practical context, such systems have shown limited performance improvement, especially with regards to throughput. In this thesis, we show through large scale measurement that the existence of detour routes is widespread, and develop a concrete architecture for improving latency and throughput on arbi- trary Internet paths. We find that to achieve effective detour routing in practice, it is necessary to consider entirely separate approaches for latency and throughput. We propose two novel approaches for scalable detour discovery: a network-structure based approach for discovering latency detours, which identifies detour paths by analysing AS-paths; and a statistical approach for discovering bandwidth detours, which identifies the most effective detours based on their aggregate detouring potential.. Furthermore, we establish that network-layer detouring cannot be effective for optimising TCP throughput and instead develop a transport-layer approach, which is demonstrated to achieve significant bandwidth improvements over a diverse range of Internet paths.
Suppression of Star Formation in Low-Mass Galaxies Caused by the Reionization of their Local Neighborhood
Creators: name: Dawoodbhoy, Taha
name: Shapiro, Paul R.
name: Ocvirk, Pierre
name: Aubert, Dominique
name: Gillet, Nicolas
name: Choi, Jun-Hwan
name: Iliev, Ilian T.
name: Teyssier, Romain
name: Yepes, Gustavo
name: Gottlöber, Stefan
name: D'Aloisio, Anson
name: Park, Hyunbae
name: Hoffman, Yehuda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photoheating associated with reionization suppressed star formation in low-mass galaxies. Reionization was inhomogeneous, however, affecting different regions at different times. To establish the causal connection between reionization and suppression, we must take this local variation into account. We analyze the results of CoDa (`Cosmic Dawn') I, the first fully-coupled radiation-hydrodynamical simulation of reionization and galaxy formation in the Local Universe, in a volume large enough to model reionization globally but with enough resolving power to follow all atomic-cooling galactic halos in that volume. For every halo identified at a given time, we find the redshift at which the surrounding IGM reionized, along with its instantaneous star formation rate (`SFR') and baryonic gas-to-dark matter ratio ($M_\text{gas}/M_\text{DM}$). The average SFR per halo with $M < 10^9 \text{ M}_\odot$ was steady in regions not yet reionized, but declined sharply following local reionization. For $M > 10^{10} \text{ M}_\odot$, this SFR continued through local reionization, increasing with time, instead. For $10^9 < M < 10^{10} \text{ M}_\odot$, the SFR generally increased modestly through reionization, followed by a modest decline. In general, halo SFRs were higher for regions that reionized earlier. A similar pattern was found for $M_\text{gas}/M_\text{DM}$, which declined sharply following local reionization for $M < 10^9 \text{ M}_\odot$. Local reionization time correlates with local matter overdensity, which determines the local rates of structure formation and ionizing photon consumption. The earliest patches to develop structure and reionize ultimately produced more stars than they needed to finish and maintain their own reionization, exporting their `surplus' starlight to help reionize regions that developed structure later.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures, accepted by MNRAS 07/17/18, comments welcome
P3M-SPH simulations of the Lyman-alpha Forest
Creators: name: Theuns, Tom
name: Leonard, Anthony
name: Efstathiou, George
name: Pearce, F. R.
name: Thomas, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) We investigate the importance of several numerical artifacts such as lack of resolution on spectral properties of the Lyman alpha forest as computed from cosmological hydrodynamic simulations in a standard cold dark matter universe. We assume an ionising background produced by quasars as computed by Haardt & Madau. We use a new simulation code based on P3M and SPH, which we compare in detail with a modified version of HYDRA (Couchman et al.) and published results of TREESPH (Hernquist et al.). The agreement is very good between all three codes. We then use our new code to investigate several numerical effects such as resolution on spectral statistics deduced from Voigt profile fitting. Our highest resolution simulation has a mass resolution of 2.1x10^5 solar masses. The column density distribution is converged but the b-parameter distribution is only marginally converged. The simulation reproduces both the HI column density and b-parameter distribution when we assume a high baryon density, Omega_B h^2 > 0.028. In addition we need to impose a higher IGM temperature than predicted within our basic set of assumptions. The simulated HI optical depth is in good agreement with observations but the HeII optical depth is lower than observed. Fitting the latter requires a larger jump between the photon flux at the H and He edge than is present in the Haardt & Madau spectrum.
description: 28 pages, latex (mn.sty), 33 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Reminiscences of Gerard Piel, 1981-1996
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Publishers and publishing
Periodicals--Publishing
Educational publishing
Science publishing
World War, 1939-1945--Equipment and supplies

description: Family background, childhood; education at Andover and Harvard, A.B. 1937; LIFE magazine science editor 1938-1944; Henry Kaiser and American industry during and after World War II, assistant to Kaiser, 1945-1946; SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN: purchase 1946, development, financing, advertising, special issues, circulation, subsidiary publications, anecdotes about staff, articles and scientists who wrote for magazine; views on nuclear arms and government control of scientific knowledge. The digital transcript and audio only contain the 11 sessions conducted by Frederick Peterson Jessup between 1981 and 1982, and not a later session conducted in 1996
Remote sensing methods for biodiversity monitoring with emphasis on vegetation height estimation and habitat classification
Creators: name: Petrou, Zisis
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Biodiversity is a principal factor for ecosystem stability and functioning, and the need for its protection has been identified as imperative globally. Remote sensing can contribute to timely and accurate monitoring of various elements related to biodiversity, but knowledge gap with user communities hinders its widespread operational use. This study advances biodiversity monitoring through earth observation data by initially identifying, reviewing, and proposing state-of-the-art remote sensing methods which can be used for the extraction of a number of widely adopted indicators of global biodiversity assessment. Then, a cost and resource effective approach is proposed for vegetation height estimation, using satellite imagery from very high resolution passive sensors. A number of texture features are extracted, based on local variance, entropy, and local binary patterns, and processed through several data processing, dimensionality reduction, and classification techniques. The approach manages to discriminate six vegetation height categories, useful for ecological studies, with accuracies over 90%. Thus, it offers an effective approach for landscape analysis, and habitat and land use monitoring, extending previous approaches as far as the range of height and vegetation species, synergies of multi-date imagery, data processing, and resource economy are regarded. Finally, two approaches are introduced to advance the state of the art in habitat classification using remote sensing data and pre-existing land cover information. The first proposes a methodology to express land cover information as numerical features and a supervised classification framework, automating the previous labour- and time-consuming rule-based approach used as reference. The second advances the state of the art incorporating Dempster–Shafer evidential theory and fuzzy sets, and proves successful in handling uncertainties from missing data or vague rules and offering wide user defined parameterization potential. Both approaches outperform the reference study in classification accuracy, proving promising for biodiversity monitoring, ecosystem preservation, and sustainability management tasks.
Testing Modified Newtonian Dynamics with Low Surface Brightness Galaxies --Rotation curve fits-
Creators: name: de Blok, W. J. G.
name: McGaugh, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics) fits to 15 rotation curves of LSB galaxies. Good fits are readily found, although for a few galaxies minor adjustments to the inclination are needed. Reasonable values for the stellar mass-to-light ratios are found, as well as an approximately constant value for the total (gas and stars) mass-to-light ratio. We show that the LSB galaxies investigated here lie on the one, unique Tully-Fisher relation, as predicted by MOND. The scatter on the Tully-Fisher relation can be completely explained by the observed scatter in the total mass-to-light ratio. We address the question of whether MOND can fit any arbitrary rotation curve by constructing a plausible fake model galaxy. While MOND is unable to fit this hypothetical galaxy, a normal dark halo fit is readily found, showing that dark matter fits are much less selective in producing fits. The good fits to rotation curves of LSB galaxies support MOND, especially as these are galaxies with large mass discrepancies deep in the MOND regime.
description: Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal 14 pages
Dynamic data placement and discovery in wide-area networks
Creators: name: Ball, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: The workloads of online services and applications such as social networks, sensor data platforms and web search engines have become increasingly global and dynamic, setting new challenges to providing users with low latency access to data. To achieve this, these services typically leverage a multi-site wide-area networked infrastructure. Data access latency in such an infrastructure depends on the network paths between users and data, which is determined by the data placement and discovery strategies. Current strategies are static, which offer low latencies upon deployment but worse performance under a dynamic workload. We propose dynamic data placement and discovery strategies for wide-area networked infrastructures, which adapt to the data access workload. We achieve this with data activity correlation (DAC), an application-agnostic approach for determining the correlations between data items based on access pattern similarities. By dynamically clustering data according to DAC, network traffic in clusters is kept local. We utilise DAC as a key component in reducing access latencies for two application scenarios, emphasising different aspects of the problem: The first scenario assumes the fixed placement of data at sites, and thus focusses on data discovery. This is the case for a global sensor discovery platform, which aims to provide low latency discovery of sensor metadata. We present a self-organising hierarchical infrastructure consisting of multiple DAC clusters, maintained with an online and distributed split-and-merge algorithm. This reduces the number of sites visited, and thus latency, during discovery for a variety of workloads. The second scenario focusses on data placement. This is the case for global online services that leverage a multi-data centre deployment to provide users with low latency access to data. We present a geo-dynamic partitioning middleware, which maintains DAC clusters with an online elastic partition algorithm. It supports the geo-aware placement of partitions across data centres according to the workload. This provides globally distributed users with low latency access to data for static and dynamic workloads.
title: ADCO, Sixième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1662), Cart. 30 (G 133), 441 folios, f. 696
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Sixième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1662), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 30 (G 133), 441 folios, f. 696, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Sixième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1662), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 30 (G 133), 441 folios, f. 696, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
Formation of superdense hadronic matter in high energy heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Li, Bao-An
name: Ko, Che Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the detail of a newly developed relativistic transport model (ART 1.0) for high energy heavy-ion collisions. Using this model, we first study the general collision dynamics between heavy ions at the AGS energies. We then show that in central collisions there exists a large volume of sufficiently long-lived superdense hadronic matter whose local baryon and energy densities exceed the critical densities for the hadronic matter to quark-gluon plasma transition. The size and lifetime of this matter are found to depend strongly on the equation of state. We also investigate the degree and time scale of thermalization as well as the radial flow during the expansion of the superdense hadronic matter. The flow velocity profile and the temperature of the hadronic matter at freeze-out are extracted. The transverse momentum and rapidity distributions of protons, pions and kaons calculated with and without the mean field are compared with each other and also with the preliminary data from the E866/E802 collaboration to search for experimental observables that are sensitive to the equation of state. It is found that these inclusive, single particle observables depend weakly on the equation of state. The difference between results obtained with and without the nuclear mean field is only about 20\%. The baryon transverse collective flow in the reaction plane is also analyzed. It is shown that both the flow parameter and the strength of the ``bounce-off'' effect are very sensitive to the equation of state. In particular, a soft equation of state with a compressibility of 200 MeV results in an increase of the flow parameter by a factor of 2.5 compared to the cascade case without the mean field. This large effect makes it possible to distinguish the predictions from different theoretical models and to detect the signatures
description: 55 pages, latex, + 39 figures available upon request
Characterisation of the type III secretion effector NleF
Creators: name: Pallett, Mitchell
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: The human-specific enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and the mouse-restricted Citrobacter rodentium colonise the host intestinal mucosa via attaching and effacing lesions, inducing severe diarrhoeal disease and transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia, respectively. C. rodentium is widely used as an in vivo model for EPEC infection, sharing a highly homologous arsenal of virulence factors and a similar infection strategy with EPEC. EPEC and C. rodentium pathogenesis relies on the locus of enterocyte effacement-encoded type III secretion system and delivery of effectors into the host cytosol to subvert host cell signalling including: actin dynamics, cell trafficking and immune signalling. The role of many effectors during infection remains unclear. We sought to identify the function of the non-LEE-encoded effector protein F (NleF). We discovered that EPEC infection of polarised epithelial cells activated a caspase-4-dependent non-canonical inflammasome response leading to the processing and secretion of IL-18, which was counteracted in a T3SS- and NleF-dependent manner. EPEC NleF interacts with the p20 and p10 subunits of caspase-4, associating with the substrate-binding domain, to inhibit its proteolytic activity and downstream inflammasome activation. Infection of mice with a C. rodentium nleF mutant enhanced IL-18 secretion and revealed that NleF is essential for the inhibition of the caspase-1/11-dependent inflammasome and recruitment of neutrophils in vivo. We further report that ectopically expressed NleF activated NF-κB nuclear translocation and the up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory chemokine IL-8. Infection of HeLa with an EPEC nleF deletion mutant abolished the T3SS-dependent activation of NF-κB and the expression of IL-8. NleF was identified to act upstream to IκBα activation and could be inhibited by the TAB2/3 inhibitor NleE1. However the mechanism of the pro-inflammatory role of NleF remains unclear. These findings identify novel roles for the T3SS effector NleF, furthering our understanding of the infection strategy of EPEC and the host epithelial cell inflammasome response.
Supersymmetry in the Double-Heavy Hadronic Spectrum
Creators: name: Nielsen, Marina
name: Brodsky, Stanley J.
name: de Téramond, Guy F.
name: Dosch, Hans Günter
name: Navarra, Fernando S.
name: Zou, Liping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relativistic light-front bound-state equations for double-heavy mesons, baryons and tetraquarks are constructed in the framework of supersymmetric light front holographic QCD. Although heavy quark masses strongly break conformal symmetry, supersymmetry and the holographic embedding of semiclassical light-front dynamics still holds. The theory, derived from five-dimensional anti-de Sitter space, predicts that the form of the confining potential in the light-front Hamiltonian is harmonic even for heavy quarks. Therefore, the basic underlying supersymmetric mechanism, which transforms meson-baryon and baryon-tetraquark wave functions into each other, can also be applied to the double-heavy sector; one can then successfully relate the masses of the double-heavy mesons to double-heavy baryons and tetraquarks. The dependence of the confining potential on the hadron mass scale agrees completely with the one derived in heavy light systems from heavy quark symmetry. We also make predictions for higher excitations of the charmonium and bottomonium states. In particular, the remarkable equality of the Regge slopes in the orbital angular momentum, $L$, and the principal quantum number, $n$, is predicted to remain valid.
description: Revised version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
On the impossibility of temperature extraction from heavy ion induced particle spectra
Creators: name: Konopka, Jens
name: Stoecker, Horst
name: Greiner, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectra of various particle species have been calculated with the Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) model for very central collisions of Au+Au. They are compatible with the idea of a fully stopped thermal source which exhibits a transversal expansion besides the thermal distribution of an ideal gas. However, the microscopic analyses of the local flow velocities and temperatures indicate much lower temperatures at densities associated with the freeze-out. The results express the overall impossibility of a model-independent determination of nuclear temperatures from heavy ion spectral data, also at other energies e.g. CERN or for other species (i.e. pions, kaons, hyperons)!
description: 15 pages, 4 Encapsulated PostScript figures, uses RevTeX and epsf.sty