cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lattice gas study of thin film growth scenarios and transitions between them: Role of substrate
Creators: name: Empting, Eelco
name: Klopotek, Miriam
name: Hinderhofer, Alexander
name: Schreiber, Frank
name: Oettel, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thin film growth is investigated in two types of lattice gas models where substrate and film particles are different, expressed by unequal interaction energy parameters. The first is of solid-on-solid type, whereas the second type incorporates desorption, diffusion in the gas phase above the film and re-adsorption at the film (appropriate for growth in colloidal systems). The difference between particle-substrate and particle-particle interactions plays a central role for the evolution of the film morphology at intermediate times. The models exhibit a dynamic layering transition which occurs at generally lower substrate attraction strengths than the equilibrium layering transition. A second, flattening transition is found where initial island growth transforms to layer-by-layer growth at intermediate deposition times. Combined with the known roughening behavior in such models for very large deposition times, we present four global growth scenarios, charting out the possible types of roughness evolution.
description: 23 pages, 20 figures
An experiment on experimental instructions
Creators: name: Bigoni, Maria
name: Dragone, Davide
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: In this paper we treat instructions as an experimental variable. Using a public good game, we study how the instructions' format affects the participants' understanding of the experiment, their speed of play and their experimental behavior. We show that longer instructions do not significantly improve the subjects' understanding of the experiment; on-screen instructions shorten average decision times with respect to on-paper instructions, and requiring forced inputs reduces waiting times, in particular for the slowest subjects.

Consistent with cognitive load theory, we find that short, on-screen instructions which require forced inputs improve on subjects' comprehension and familiarity with the experimental task, and they contribute to reduce both decision and waiting times without affecting the overall pattern of contributions.
Climate Policy When the Distant Future Matters: Catastrophic Events with Hyperbolic Discounting
Creators: name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Tsur, Yacov
name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Tsur, Yacov
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: abrupt climate change
subject: event uncertainty
subject: catastrophic risk
subject: hyperbolic discounting
subject: Markov Perfect Equilibria

description: Low probability catastrophic climate change can have a significant influence on policy under hyperbolic discounting. We compare the set of Markov Perfect Equilibria (MPE) to the optimal policy under time-consistent commitment. For some initial levels of risk there are multiple MPE; these may involve either excessive or insufficient stabilization effort. These results imply that even if the free-rider problem amongst contemporaneous decision-makers were solved, there may remain a coordination problem amongst successive generations of decision-makers. A numerical example shows that under plausible conditions society should respond vigorously to the threat of climate change.
The Contribution of Universities to Growth: Empirical Evidence for Italy
Creators: name: Carree, Martin
name: Della Malva, Antonio
name: Santarelli, Enrico
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/02 Politica economica

description: New entrepreneurial ventures may represent a viable and effective mechanism to transform academic knowledge into regional economic growth. We test this notion for the Italian provinces between 2001 and 2006. We evaluate three outputs of academic activities: teaching, research and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) activities management. New ventures may be able to transform the mentioned outputs into improved economic performance. The findings show that the effects of academic outputs on provincial economic growth (all sectors) are appreciable when they are associated with sustained entrepreneurial activities in the province. It suggests that academic inquiry may provide new ventures with valuable commercial opportunities overseen by established companies.
Spectral instability of black holes: relating the frequency domain to the time domain
Creators: name: Yang, Yiqiu
name: Mai, Zhan-Feng
name: Yang, Run-Qiu
name: Shao, Lijing
name: Berti, Emanuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent work has shown that the quasinormal mode spectrum of black holes is unstable under small perturbations (of order $ε$) of the radial potential, while the early time-domain ringdown waveform is only marginally affected. In this paper we provide further insight into the apparent tension between the frequency-domain and the time-domain descriptions by analyzing the scattering properties of the problem. In the frequency domain, we study analytically the solutions corresponding to the perturbed potential. We show that there are two qualitatively different classes of instabilities, and that both Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes are affected by what we call a "Type II" instability, i.e., an exponential migration of the mode frequencies away from their unperturbed value as the perturbing "bump" moves away from the peak of the unperturbed potential. In the time domain, we elucidate the effect of the spectral instability in terms of the causal structure of the Green's function. By using an equivalent scattering problem we confirm analytically (and show numerically) that the deviation from the unperturbed waveform in the early ringdown stage is proportional to $ε$ when $ε\lesssim10^{-2}$.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
Symmetry structure of the interactions in near-BPS corners of $ \mathcal{N} = 4$ super-Yang-Mills
Creators: name: Baiguera, Stefano
name: Harmark, Troels
name: Lei, Yang
name: Wintergerst, Nico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider limits of $\mathcal{N} = 4$ super-Yang-Mills (SYM) theory that approach BPS bounds. These limits result in non-relativistic near-BPS theories that describe the effective dynamics near the BPS bounds and upon quantization are known as Spin Matrix theories. The near-BPS theories can be obtained by reducing $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM on a three-sphere and integrating out the fields that become non-dynamical in the limits. We perform the sphere reduction for the near-BPS limit with $\mathrm{SU}(1,2|2)$ symmetry, which has several new features compared to the previously considered cases with $\mathrm{SU}(1,1)$ symmetry, including a dynamical gauge field. We discover a new structure in the classical limit of the interaction term. We show that the interaction term is built from certain blocks that comprise an irreducible representation of the $\mathrm{SU}(1,2|2)$ algebra. Moreover, the full interaction term can be interpreted as a norm in the linear space of this representation, explaining its features including the positive definiteness. This means one can think of the interaction term as a distance squared from saturating the BPS bound. The $\mathrm{SU}(1,1|1)$ near-BPS theory, and its subcases, is seen to inherit these features. These observations point to a way to solve the strong coupling dynamics of these near-BPS theories.
description: 54 pages, 4 figures. V2: minor comments added
Cortisol response to traumatic stress to predict PTSD symptom development – a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies
Creators: name: Engel, Sinha
name: Laufer, Sebastian
name: Klusmann, Hannah
name: Schulze, Lars
name: Schumacher, Sarah
name: Knaevelsrud, Christine
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Prognostic biomarker
subject: trauma film
subject: glucocorticoid
subject: endocrine
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Background: Pre-and post-traumatic hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis markers have been studied to predict posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) risk, but its acute reactivity cannot be measured in real-life settings. Experimental paradigms can depict the cortisol response to stimuli that simulate traumatic events. Objective: To review experimental studies on the cortisol response to traumatic stimuli and the correlation between cortisol and PTSD symptoms. Method: Experimental, (un-)published studies in German or English from any year were eligible if they confronted non-traumatized humans with traumatic stimuli, assessed cortisol before, during or after stimulus presentation and subsequent PTSD symptoms. The literature was searched via PubMed, PubPsych, PsychINFO, PsycArticle, Web of Science, EMBASE, ProQuest and ClinicalTrials.gov up to 16th February 2021. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cortisol Assessment List. Multilevel-meta-analyses were conducted under the random effects model. The standardized mean change (dSMC) indicated the cortisol response. Coefficient r indicated the correlations between cortisol and PTSD symptoms. Results: 14 studies, investigating 1004 individuals, were included. A cortisol response was successfully induced between 21 and 40 min post-presentation onset (kobservations = 25, dSMC = 0.15 [.03; .26]). Cortisol was not associated with overall or cluster-level PTSD symptoms. On a symptom-level, higher pre-presentation onset cortisol was correlated with lower state tension (k = 8, r = −.18 [−.35; −.01]), higher state happiness (k = 8, r = −.34 [−.59; −.03], variable inverted) and lower state anger (k = 9, r = −.14 [−.26; −.01]). Higher post-presentation onset cortisol was correlated with higher state happiness (k = 16, r = −.20 [−.33; −.06]) and lower state sadness (k = 17, r = −.16 [−.25; −.05]), whereas cortisol response was positively correlated with state anxiety (k = 9, r = .16 [0.04; 0.27]). Conclusions: Experimental paradigms effectively induce a cortisol response. Higher basal cortisol, higher cortisol, as measured after traumatic stimulus presentation, and a lower cortisol response were associated with more adaptive emotional reactions. These markers did not predict longer-term PTSD symptoms.
Elicitation on questions, reflexives, and binding
Creators: name: Rudolph, Johnny (Soni)
name: Ding, Lydia
name: Drummond, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: nkr

description: One .wav audio file for an elicitation on questions, reflexives, and binding. Corresponds to pages 153-163 in Notebook 1.
A Statistical Solar Flare Forecast Method
Creators: name: Wheatland, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Bayesian approach to solar flare prediction has been developed, which uses only the event statistics of flares already observed. The method is simple, objective, and makes few ad hoc assumptions. It is argued that this approach should be used to provide a baseline prediction for certain space weather purposes, upon which other methods, incorporating additional information, can improve. A practical implementation of the method for whole-Sun prediction of Geostationary Observational Environment Satellite (GOES) events is described in detail, and is demonstrated for 4 November 2003, the day of the largest recorded GOES flare. A test of the method is described based on the historical record of GOES events (1975-2003), and a detailed comparison is made with US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) predictions for 1987-2003. Although the NOAA forecasts incorporate a variety of other information, the present method out-performs the NOAA method in predicting mean numbers of event days, for both M-X and X events. Skill scores and other measures show that the present method is slightly less accurate at predicting M-X events than the NOAA method, but substantially more accurate at predicting X events, which are important contributors to space weather.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ И СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ИНСТРУМЕНТОВ ПРИНЯТИЯ РЕШЕНИЙ ПРИ СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОМ УПРАВЛЕНИИ КОМПАНИЕЙ
Creators: name: ПОЛОЗКОВ МИХАИЛ АЛЕКСАНДРОВИЧ
Publisher: name: Достижения науки и образования
Year: 2020
Subjects: СТРАТЕГИЯ
РЕШЕНИЕ
ПРИНЯТИЕ РЕШЕНИЯ
ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ ПРИНЯТИЯ РЕШЕНИЙ
СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ

description: В статье проведено исследование инструментов принятия решений при стратегическом управлении компанией. Выявлены пути их совершенствования.
Multi-task Photonic Reservoir Computing: Wavelength Division Multiplexing for Parallel Computing with a Silicon Microring Resonator
Creators: name: Castro, Bernard J. Giron
name: Peucheret, Christophe
name: Zibar, Darko
name: Da Ros, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nowadays, as the ever-increasing demand for more powerful computing resources continues, alternative advanced computing paradigms are under extensive investigation. Significant effort has been made to deviate from conventional Von Neumann architectures. In-memory computing has emerged in the field of electronics as a possible solution to the infamous bottleneck between memory and computing processors, which reduces the effective throughput of data. In photonics, novel schemes attempt to collocate the computing processor and memory in a single device. Photonics offers the flexibility of multiplexing streams of data not only spatially and in time, but also in frequency or, equivalently, in wavelength, which makes it highly suitable for parallel computing. Here, we numerically show the use of time and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to solve four independent tasks at the same time in a single photonic chip, serving as a proof of concept for our proposal. The system is a time-delay reservoir computing (TDRC) based on a microring resonator (MRR). The addressed tasks cover different applications: Time-series prediction, waveform signal classification, wireless channel equalization, and radar signal prediction. The system is also tested for simultaneous computing of up to 10 instances of the same task, exhibiting excellent performance. The footprint of the system is reduced by using time-division multiplexing of the nodes that act as the neurons of the studied neural network scheme. WDM is used for the parallelization of wavelength channels, each addressing a single task. By adjusting the input power and frequency of each optical channel, we can achieve levels of performance for each of the tasks that are comparable to those quoted in state-of-the-art reports focusing on single-task operation...
description: Main text: 11 figures, 3 tables. Supplementary material: 2 figures, 4 tables. The manuscript presented in this pre-print has been accepted for publication in Frontiers: Advanced Optical Technologies. The abstract is shorter than in the PDF file to comply with arXiv requirements
Limit laws for random vectors with an extreme component
Creators: name: Heffernan, Janet E.
name: Resnick, Sidney I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G70 (Primary) 62G32 (Secondary)

description: Models based on assumptions of multivariate regular variation and hidden regular variation provide ways to describe a broad range of extremal dependence structures when marginal distributions are heavy tailed. Multivariate regular variation provides a rich description of extremal dependence in the case of asymptotic dependence, but fails to distinguish between exact independence and asymptotic independence. Hidden regular variation addresses this problem by requiring components of the random vector to be simultaneously large but on a smaller scale than the scale for the marginal distributions. In doing so, hidden regular variation typically restricts attention to that part of the probability space where all variables are simultaneously large. However, since under asymptotic independence the largest values do not occur in the same observation, the region where variables are simultaneously large may not be of primary interest. A different philosophy was offered in the paper of Heffernan and Tawn [J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Stat. Methodol. 66 (2004) 497--546] which allows examination of distributional tails other than the joint tail. This approach used an asymptotic argument which conditions on one component of the random vector and finds the limiting conditional distribution of the remaining components as the conditioning variable becomes large. In this paper, we provide a thorough mathematical examination of the limiting arguments building on the orientation of Heffernan and Tawn [J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Stat. Methodol. 66 (2004) 497--546]. We examine the conditions required for the assumptions made by the conditioning approach to hold, and highlight simililarities and differences between the new and established methods.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051606000000835 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Baseline and Triangulation Geometry in a Standard Plenoptic Camera
Creators: name: Hahne, Christopher
name: Aggoun, Amar
name: Velisavljevic, Vladan
name: Fiebig, Susanne
name: Pesch, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we demonstrate light field triangulation to determine depth distances and baselines in a plenoptic camera. Advances in micro lenses and image sensors have enabled plenoptic cameras to capture a scene from different viewpoints with sufficient spatial resolution. While object distances can be inferred from disparities in a stereo viewpoint pair using triangulation, this concept remains ambiguous when applied in the case of plenoptic cameras. We present a geometrical light field model allowing the triangulation to be applied to a plenoptic camera in order to predict object distances or specify baselines as desired. It is shown that distance estimates from our novel method match those of real objects placed in front of the camera. Additional benchmark tests with an optical design software further validate the model's accuracy with deviations of less than +-0.33 % for several main lens types and focus settings. A variety of applications in the automotive and robotics field can benefit from this estimation model.
description: clarified remarks around Eqs.(16-17)
Laryngotracheobronchial Amyloidosis: Patterns of Presentation and Management
Creators: name: Dermody, SM
name: Campagnaro, EL
name: Kupfer, RA
name: Hogikyan, ND
name: Morrison, RJ
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications
Year: 2022
Subjects: amyloidosis
laryngotracheobronchial
larynx
systemic disease
trachea
Adult
Aged
Amyloid
Amyloidosis
Humans
Laryngeal Diseases
Larynx
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies

description: Objective: To evaluate the pattern of presentation and management of laryngotracheobronchial amyloidosis at a tertiary care academic center over a 27 year period. Methods: In a retrospective review, the electronic medical record at a tertiary care academic center was queried for encounters with 3 laryngologists between 1996 and 2019 which included the ICD-9 or ICD-10 diagnosis of amyloidosis. Demographics, clinical presentation, referral diagnoses, medical history, family history, laboratory values, radiology studies, and treatment modalities of subjects were collated. Results were analyzed using standard univariate descriptive statistics. Results: Seventeen subjects were identified with an average age at diagnosis of 58 years (range 26-76 years). The most common amyloid type on biopsy was immunoglobulin light chain (AL) subtype. The most common location of laryngeal amyloid at diagnosis was the glottis and disease was more likely to be bilateral at the time of diagnosis in this location. Supraglottic disease more often had a unilateral presentation and had a tendency to spread to additional laryngeal subsites. Nearly 25% of subjects had associated systemic disease, including multiple myeloma, auto-immune disease, and familial ATTR mutation. Conclusions: The overall rate of associated systemic disease was low in our study cohort; however, it is higher than typically referenced in extant literature. Our cohort demonstrates that while laryngeal amyloidosis is a chronic condition, the behavior is generally indolent with a low treatment burden.
Got Organic Milk? Consumer Valuations of Milk Labels after the Implementation of the USDA Organic Seal
Creators: name: Kiesel, Kristin
name: Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto
name: Kiesel, Kristin
name: Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Livestock Production/Industries

description: This paper investigates consumer reactions to changes in information provision regarding organic production. Quantitative analyses focus on the actual implementation of mandatory labeling guidelines under the National Organic Program. The unique nature of the fluid milk market in combination with these regulatory changes allows us to place a value on information sets under different labeling regimes. Hedonic price functions provide an initial reference point for analyses of individual responses. A random utility discrete choice model serves as the primary econometric specification and allows consideration of consumer preference heterogeneity along observable household demographics. Our results indicate that the USDA organic seal increases the probability of purchasing organic milk. An initial hedonic price function approach, as well as simulations within the discrete choice framework, suggests that consumers value the change in labeling regulations with regard to organic production. Our results further suggest that consumers substitute away from milk carrying the rBGH-free label. This may indicate that consumers pay less attention to these labels in the time period investigated compared to results found in studies that use earlier time periods.
УГОЛОВНАЯ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ ЗА ОРГАНИЗАЦИЮ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПО ПРИВЛЕЧЕНИЮ ДЕНЕЖНЫХ СРЕДСТВ
Creators: name: ЯКОВЕНКО ИРИНА АЛЕКСАНДРОВНА
Publisher: name: Наука и образование сегодня
Year: 2020
Subjects: УГОЛОВНАЯ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ
ФИНАНСОВАЯ ПИРАМИДА
ДЕНЕЖНЫЕ СРЕДСТВА
ИМУЩЕСТВО

description: В настоящее время происходит создание и функционирование различного вида организаций, которые привлекают денежные средства у населения без цели их использования в законном обороте («финансовые пирамиды»). Преступное поведение лиц, создающих подобные структуры, пагубно сказывается на российском финансовом рынке и причиняет непосредственный экономический вред определенным физическим и юридическим лицам. Именно это обстоятельство во многом и обуславливает необходимость установления уголовно-правовых запретов в части создания функционирования финансовых пирамид.
Effects of coastal currents on pacific salmon migration inferred from a fine-resolution numerical model
Creators: name: Bourque, Marie-Claude
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Experiments performed using a numerical model of salmon homing migration show that coastal currents can significantly affect sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) returning on the northern coast of British Columbia. The numerical model combines results from a fine-resolution hydrodynamic model of the waters off northern British Columbia with a spatially-explicit individual-based model of salmon migration. Results suggest that coastal tidal currents affect the return timing by causing the number of returning salmon to vary at a cycle corresponding to the dominant tidal period of 12.4 h. Such variations are associated with patchiness in the salmon distribution due to spatial variations of the tidal field. Moreover, results showed that wind-driven currents can cause the number of returning salmon to vary at storm periods of 3 to 18 days. Therefore, the salmon interactions with the coastal currents could provide an explanation for some of the variability seen in data of returning salmon. Simulations of continuous salmon diversion for 1992 to 1994 suggest that currents alone cannot produce a large interannual variability for these years. However, these simulations showed a large variability at storm period within the summer, which could have influenced the calculation of the Northern Diversion Rate. The findings of this thesis can then help to design appropriate sampling strategies, such that aliasing problems due to coastal currents are minimized.
PROFESSIONAL APPROACH TO TEACHING OF ELEMENTS OF PROBABILITY THEORY FOR STUDENTS OF ECONOMICS
Creators: name: NISHONOV TULANMIRZA SOYIBJONOVICH
Publisher: name: Наука и образование сегодня
Year: 2020
Subjects: PROBABILITY
STATISTICS
RANDOM EVENT
TEACHING
MATH
PROBABILITY CALCULATION

description: The article examines the process of developing the practical and professional competencies of students majoring in economics in higher education through the study of probability theory and mathematical statistics. Mathematical sciences studied by students of economics and their composition, goals and objectives are analyzed. Probability theory and the concepts of mathematical statistics are presented in a way that is understandable to future economists in an understandable language, in an interesting way, based on a practical-professional approach.
ISSUES OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ACCOUNTING IN CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES
Creators: name: KHALILOV SHERZOD AHMATOVICH
Publisher: name: Вопросы науки и образования
Year: 2020
Subjects: CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES
NATIONAL ECONOMY
ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING

description: In this paper, the issues of the organization of accounting in construction companies based on features of the construction industry as well as defining the main objectives in the accounting system have been studied.
Infrared renormalization in non-relativistic QED and scaling criticality
Creators: name: Chen, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T08

description: We consider a spin-$\frac12$ electron in a translation-invariant model of non-relativistic Quantum Electrodynamics (QED). Let $H(\vp,\sig)$ denote the fiber Hamiltonian corresponding to the conserved total momentum $\vp\in\R^3$ of the Pauli electron and the photon field, regularized by a fixed ultraviolet cutoff in the interaction term, and an infrared regularization parametrized by $00$, and all values of the finestructure constant $\gs
description: AMS Latex. 80 pages
Bilateral Investment Treaties and Foreign Direct Investment: Correlation versus Causation
Creators: name: Aisbett, Emma
name: Aisbett, Emma
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The rapid and concurrent increase in both foreign investment and government efforts to attract foreign investment at the end of last century makes the question of causality between the two both interesting and challenging. I take up this question for the case of the nearly 2,500 bilateral investment treaties (BITs) that have been signed since 1980. Using data on bilateral investment outflows from OECD countries, I test whether BITs stimulate investment in twenty eight low- and middle-income countries. In contrast to previous studies that have found a strong effect from BIT participation, I explicitly model and empirically account for the endogeneity of BIT adoption. I also test for a signaling effect from BITs. I find that the initially strong correlation between BITs and investment flows is not robust controlling for selection into BIT participation. Furthermore, I find no evidence for the claim that BITs signal a safe investment climate. My results show the importance of accounting for the endogeneity of adoption when assessing the benefits of investment liberalization policies.
Axion Electrodynamics in Topological Materials
Creators: name: Sekine, Akihiko
name: Nomura, Kentaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the intriguing properties characteristic to three-dimensional topological materials is the topological magnetoelectric phenomena arising from a topological term called the $θ$ term. Such magnetoelectric phenomena are often termed the axion electrodynamics, since the $θ$ term has exactly the same form as the action describing the coupling between a hypothetical elementary particle, axion, and a photon. The axion was proposed about forty years ago to solve the so-called strong CP problem in quantum chromodynamics, and is now considered as a candidate for dark matter. In this tutorial, we overview theoretical and experimental studies on the axion electrodynamics in three-dimensional topological materials. Starting from the topological magnetoelectric effect in three-dimensional time-reversal invariant topological insulators, we describe the basic properties of static and dynamical axion insulators whose realizations require magnetic orderings. We also discuss the electromagnetic responses of Weyl semimetals with a focus on the chiral anomaly. We extend the concept of the axion electrodynamics in condensed matter to topological superconductors, whose responses to external fields can be described by a gravitational topological term analogous to the $θ$ term.
description: 30 pages. Invited Tutorial in Journal of Applied Physics
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОДГОТОВКИ КАДРОВ В ОТРАСЛИ ТУРИЗМА
Creators: name: КОВАЛЕВА ЯНА СЕРГЕЕВНА
Publisher: name: Вопросы науки и образования
Year: 2020
Subjects: МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНАЯ КОММУНИКАЦИЯ
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ
ТУРИЗМ
ПОДГОТОВКА КАДРОВ
КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТНЫЙ ПОДХОД

description: Данное исследование посвящено проблеме подготовки кадров в сфере туризма. В статье затронута специфика туристической отрасли в России и мире и рассматривается разница между традиционным, современным и компетентностным подходами к обучению специалистов данной сферы. Также в данном материале проанализированы актуальные проблемы современного образования в сфере туризма и по итогам комплексного исследования предложены возможные способы их решения.
Agricultural Arbitrage and Risk Preferences
Creators: name: Pope, Rulon D.
name: LaFrance, Jeffrey T.
name: Just, Richard E.
name: Pope, Rulon D.
name: LaFrance, Jeffrey T.
name: Just, Richard E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: A structural inter-temporal model of agricultural asset arbitrage equilibrium is developed and applied to agriculture in the North-Central region of the U.S. The data is consistent with unifying level of risk aversion. The levels of risk aversion are more plausible than previous estimates for agriculture. However, the standard arbitrage equilibrium is rejected; perhaps this is due to the period and the shortness of the period studied.
Search for nonresonant Higgs boson pair production in final states with two bottom quarks and two photons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for nonresonant production of Higgs boson pairs via gluon-gluon and vector boson fusion processes in final states with two bottom quarks and two photons is presented. The search uses data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{-1}$. No significant deviation from the background-only hypothesis is observed. An upper limit at 95% confidence level is set on the product of the Higgs boson pair production cross section and branching fraction into $γγ\mathrm{b\overline{b}}$. The observed (expected) upper limit is determined to be 0.67 (0.45) fb, which corresponds to 7.7 (5.2) times the standard model prediction. This search has the highest sensitivity to Higgs boson pair production to date. Assuming all other Higgs boson couplings are equal to their values in the standard model, the observed coupling modifiers of the trilinear Higgs boson self-coupling $κ_λ$ and the coupling between a pair of Higgs bosons and a pair of vector bosons $c_{2\mathrm{V}}$ are constrained within the ranges $-$3.3 $\ltκ_λ\lt$ 8.5 and $-$1.3 $\lt c_{2\mathrm{V}}\lt$ 3.5 at 95% confidence level. Constraints on $κ_λ$ are also set by combining this analysis with a search for single Higgs bosons decaying to two photons, produced in association with top quark-antiquark pairs, and by performing a simultaneous fit of $κ_λ$ and the top quark Yukawa coupling modifier $κ_t$.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables, including an additional supplementary figure, can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIG-19-018 (CMS Public Pages)
Black hole interactions at large $D$: brane blobology
Creators: name: Suzuki, Ryotaku
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the large dimension ($D$) limit, Einstein's equation reduces to an effective theory on the horizon surface, drastically simplifying the black hole analysis. Especially, the effective theory on the black brane has been successful in describing the non-linear dynamics not only of black branes, but also of compact black objects which are encoded as solitary Gaussian-shaped lumps, {\it blobs}. For a rigidly rotating ansatz, in addition to axisymmetric deformed branches, various non-axisymmetric solutions have been found, such as black bars, which only stay stationary in the large $D$ limit. In this article, we demonstrate the blob approximation has a wider range of applicability by formulating the interaction between blobs and subsequent dynamics. We identify that this interaction occurs via thin necks connecting blobs. Especially, black strings are well captured in this approximation sufficiently away from the perturbative regime. Highly deformed black dumbbells and ripples are also found to be tractable in the approximation. By defining the local quantities, the effective force acting on distant blobs are evaluated as well. These results reveal that the large $D$ effective theory is capable of describing not only individual black holes but also the gravitational interactions between them, as a full dynamical theory of interactive blobs, which we call {\it brane blobology}.
description: 41 pages, 13 figures; v2: minor modifications; v3: published version, title changed, figures added, 43 pages, 17 figures
On Intergenerational Transmission of Reading Habits in Italy: Is a Good Example the Best Sermon?
Creators: name: Mancini, Anna Laura
name: Monfardini, Chiara
name: Pasqua, Silvia
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: SECS-P/05 Econometria

description: We use the last two waves of the Italian Time Use Survey to analyse the intergenerational transmission of reading habits. This can be explained by both cultural and educational transfers from parents to children and by imitative behaviour. Imitation is of particular interest, since it suggests the direct influence parents can have on a child’s preference and habit formation, and opens the way for active policies promoting good parenting behaviour. We investigate the imitative behaviour of children using a household fixed-effects model, where we identify the impact of the parents’ role by exploiting the different exposure of siblings to parents’ example within the same household. We find robust evidence on the existence of an imitation effect: on the day of the survey children are more likely to read after seeing either the mother or the father reading.
Regional Unemployment in the EU before and after the Global Crisis
Creators: name: Marelli, Enrico P.
name: Patuelli, Roberto
name: Signorelli, Marcello
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: SECS-P/02 Politica economica

description: This article empirically assesses the evolution of European regions in terms of both employment and unemployment during the recent financial crisis and global recession. Our specific research questions are as follows: (i) has there been a reversal in employment and unemployment dynamics at a regional level during the crisis (2007–10) compared with the previous period (2004–07)? (ii) have the western regions (‘old’ EU states) behaved differently in response to the crisis compared with the eastern regions (NMS)? Finally, (iii) are the differences between the two groups of regions related to structural or institutional variables? After a review of the literature on the key determinants of regional unemployment, we summarise our main findings concerning the impact of the global crisis on the labour market. Our econometric investigation aims to answer the questions we pose. Structural characteristics are considered in terms of sector specialisation of regional economies. In addition, we consider certain institutional characteristics, by including indicators of the share of temporary workers and of long-term unemployed. Our analysis is then targeted at sub-samples of western and eastern European regions: we show that the critical factors for labour market performance during the crisis in these two groups differ greatly. From a methodological viewpoint, we exploit a spatial filtering technique which allowed us to greatly reduce any unobserved variable bias – a significant problem in cross-sectional models – by accounting for latent unobserved spatial patterns.
Hysteresis, force oscillations and non-equilibrium effects in the adhesion of spherical nanoparticles to atomically smooth surfaces
Creators: name: Drazer, German
name: Khusid, Boris
name: Koplik, Joel
name: Acrivos, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular dynamics simulations are used to examine hysteretic effects and distinctions between equilibrium and non-equilibrium aspects of particle adsorption on the walls of nano-sized fluidfilled channels. The force on the particle and the system's Helmholtz free energy are found to depend on the particle's history as well as on its radial position and the wetting properties of the fluid, even when the particle's motion occurs on time scales much longer than the spontaneous adsorption time. The hysteresis is associated with changes in the fluid density in the gap between the particle and the wall, and these structural rearrangements persist over surprisingly long times. The force and free energy exhibit large oscillations with distance when the lattice of the structured nanoparticle is held in register with that of the tube wall, but not if the particle is allowed to rotate freely. Adsorbed particles are trapped in free energy minima in equilibrium, but if the particle is forced along the channel the resulting stick-slip motion alters the fluid structure and allows the particle to desorb.
A Bayesian Large Deviations Probabilistic Interpretation and Justification of Empirical Likelihood
Creators: name: Grendar, Marian
name: Judge, George G.
name: Grendar, Marian
name: Judge, George G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: In this paper we demonstrate, in a parametric Estimating Equations setting, that the Empirical Likelihood (EL) method is an asymptotic instance of the Bayesian non-parametric Maximum-A-Posteriori approach. The resulting probabilistic interpretation and justifcation of EL rests on Bayesian non-parametric consistency in L-divergence.
Effects of reheating on leptogenesis
Creators: name: Hahn-Woernle, F.
name: Plumacher, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of a cosmological baryon asymmetry in leptogenesis when the right-handed neutrinos are produced in inflaton decays. By performing a detailed numerical study over a broad range of inflaton-neutrino couplings we show that the resulting asymmetry can be larger by two orders of magnitude or more than in thermal leptogenesis, if the reheating temperature T_{RH} is of the same order as the right-handed neutrino mass M_1. Hence, the lower limit on the baryogenesis temperature obtained in thermal leptogenesis can be relaxed accordingly.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ, РАЗВИТИЕ И ОЦЕНКА КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ РАБОТНИКОВ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ОТРАСЛИ
Creators: name: КОВАЛЕВА ЯНА СЕРГЕЕВНА
Publisher: name: Вопросы науки и образования
Year: 2020
Subjects: КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ
ТУРИЗМ
МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНАЯ КОММУНИКАЦИЯ
ОЦЕНКА ПЕРСОНАЛА
ПОВЫШЕНИЕ КВАЛИФИКАЦИИ

description: Данная статья затрагивает тему формирования и оценки компетенций работников современной туристической отрасли в России и мире. В ходе исследования были рассмотрены основные разновидности компетенций, требуемых от работников сферы туризма. Кроме того, в данном материале были проанализированы различные актуальные методы оценки и развития компетенций персонала, которые можно внедрить в работу туристического предприятия.
Precision lifetime measurements of a single trapped ion with ultrafast laser pulses
Creators: name: Moehring, D. L.
name: Blinov, B. B.
name: Gidley, D. W.
name: Kohn, R. N.
name: Madsen, M. J.
name: Sanderson, T. D.
name: Vallery, R. S.
name: Monroe, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report precision measurements of the excited state lifetime of the $5p$ $^2P_{1/2}$ and $5p$ $^2P_{3/2}$ levels of a single trapped Cd$^+$ ion. The ion is excited with picosecond laser pulses from a mode-locked laser and the distribution of arrival times of spontaneously emitted photons is recorded. The resulting lifetimes are 3.148 $\pm$ 0.011 ns and 2.647 $\pm$ 0.010 ns for $^2P_{1/2}$ and $^2P_{3/2}$ respectively. With a total uncertainty of under 0.4%, these are among the most precise measurements of any atomic state lifetimes to date.
description: 4 pages with 3 figures
Fluctuating Nature of Light-Enhanced $d$-Wave Superconductivity: A Time-Dependent Variational Non-Gaussian Exact Diagonalization Study
Creators: name: Wang, Yao
name: Shi, Tao
name: Chen, Cheng-Chien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Engineering quantum phases using light is a novel route to designing functional materials, where light-induced superconductivity is a successful example. Although this phenomenon has been realized experimentally, especially for the high-$T_c$ cuprates, the underlying mechanism remains mysterious. Using the recently developed variational non-Gaussian exact diagonalization method, we investigate a particular type of photoenhanced superconductivity by suppressing a competing charge order in a strongly correlated electron-electron and electron-phonon system. We find that the $d$-wave superconductivity pairing correlation can be enhanced by a pulsed laser, consistent with recent experiments based on gap characterizations. However, we also find that the pairing correlation length is heavily suppressed by the pump pulse, indicating that light-enhanced superconductivity may be of fluctuating nature. Our findings also imply a general behavior of nonequilibrium states with competing orders, beyond the description of a mean-field framework.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
Discounting and Climate Change Policy
Creators: name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Tsur, Yacov
name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Tsur, Yacov
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: A constant social discount rate cannot reflect both a reasonable opportunity cost of public funds and an ethically defensible concern for generations in the distant future. We use a model of hyperbolic discounting that achieves both goals. We imbed this discounting model in a simple climate change model to calculate “constant equivalent discount rates” and plausible levels of expenditure to control climate change. We compare these results to discounting assumptions and policy recommendations in the Stern Review on Climate Change
House Prices and Home Ownership: a Cohort Analysis
Creators: name: Bottazzi, Renata
name: Crossley, Thomas
name: Wakefield, Matthew
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: England has very volatile house prices. We use pseudo-panel data spanning multiple house-price cycles over nearly forty years, to assess the extent to which house prices affect access to home ownership by age thirty, and whether differences in ownership rates persist. We find that ownership rates at age thirty have varied substantially, with this variation significantly related to prices. Measurement error problems - attenuation bias and other biases - complicate an analysis of the persistence of these differences in ownership. We use two methods - including one that develops the ideas of Deaton (1985) - to deal with this and find robust evidence that cohorts with low ownership rates at thirty close about 80% of the ownership gap by age forty.
ИННОВАЦИОННО-ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЙ КЛАСТЕР КАК ИНСТИТУТ РАЗВИТИЯ МЕЗОЭКОНОМИКИ
Creators: name: ХАБИБУЛЛИН РИФАТ ИЛГИЗОВИЧ
Publisher: name: Economics
Year: 2020
Subjects: КЛАСТЕР
ИНСТИТУТ
СИСТЕМНАЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕОРИЯ
МЕЗОЭКОНОМИКА
РЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА
ИННОВАЦИИ
CLUSTER
INSTITUTE
SYSTEMS ECONOMIC THEORY
MESOECONOMICS
REGIONAL ECONOMY
INNOVATION

description: В статье показано, что инновационно-промышленные кластеры являются институтом развития мезоэкономики, обладающими свойствами всех четырех типов систем - объектных, средовых, процессных и проектных. Кластер выступает ключевым элементом региональной инновационной системы благодаря тому, что обеспечивает генерирование и распространение инноваций и новых знаний в рамках экономического пространства региона.