cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Differentiated Food Taxes as a Tool in Health and Nutrition Policy
Creators: name: Smed, Sinne
name: Jensen, Jorgen Dejgaard
name: Denver, Sigrid
name: Smed, Sinne
name: Jensen, Jorgen Dejgaard
name: Denver, Sigrid
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: obesity
subject: food taxes
subject: econometric model
subject: socio-demographic differences

description: The purpose of the present study is to analyse the effects of using economic policy tools in nutrition policy, e.g. introduction of specific taxes on unhealthy food components or differentiated VAT on foods. The effects of such regulation instruments are demonstrated using Denmark as an illustrative case. A model concept combining econometric models of food consumption behaviour for different socio-demographic groups with a model for conversion between food consumption and nutrient intake is developed. The socio-demographic effects of four different tax or subsidy regulation schemes are investigated.
Slotting Allowances and Buy-Back Clauses
Creators: name: Gabrielsen, Tommy Staahl
name: Gabrielsen, Tommy Staahl
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: In this paper we investigate some of the most frequent arguments for the use of slotting allowances. It has been claimed that slotting allowances can be profitability used to increase retail profits at the cost of increasing consumer prices. A second argument is that slotting allowances can be used by producers of new product to signal the demand potential of their products. We find that in perfect information setting slotting allowances will never arise in equilibrium. Moreover, we question whether slotting allowances can serve as a signalling device. We argue that buy-back clauses are far better instruments to signal profitability of new product launches in the grocery sector.
There is only one time
Creators: name: Foti, Caterina
name: Coppo, Alessandro
name: Barni, Giulio
name: Cuccoli, Alessandro
name: Verrucchi, Paola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We draw a picture of physical systems that allows us to recognize what is this thing called "time" by requiring consistency not only with our notion of time but also with the way time enters the fundamental laws of Physics, independently of one using a classical or a quantum description. Elements of the picture are two non-interacting and yet entangled quantum systems, one of which acting as a clock, and the other one doomed to evolve. The setting is based on the so called "Page and Wootters (PaW) mechanism", and updates, with tools from Lie-Group and large-$N$ quantum approaches. The overall scheme is quantum, but the theoretical framework allows us to take the classical limit, either of the clock only, or of the clock and the evolving system altogether; we thus derive the Schrödinger equation in the first case, and the Hamilton equations of motion in the second one. Suggestions about possible links with general relativity and gravity are also put forward.
Toward Exotic 6D Supergravities
Creators: name: Bertrand, Yannick
name: Hohenegger, Stefan
name: Hohm, Olaf
name: Samtleben, Henning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate exotic supergravity theories in 6D with maximal (4,0) and (3,1) supersymmetry, which were conjectured by C. Hull to exist and to describe strong coupling limits of ${\cal N}=8$ theories in 5D. These theories involve exotic gauge fields with non-standard Young tableaux representations, subject to (self-)duality constraints. We give novel actions in a 5+1 split of coordinates whose field equations reproduce those of the free bosonic (4,0) and (3,1) theory, respectively, including the (self-)duality relations. Evidence is presented for a master exceptional field theory formulation with an extended section constraint that, depending on the solution, produces the (4,0), (3,1) or the conventional (2,2) theory. We comment on the possible construction of a fully non-linear master exceptional field theory.
description: 30 pages
Site testing in summer at Dome C, Antarctica
Creators: name: Aristidi, Eric
name: Agabi, Abdelkrim
name: Fossat, Eric
name: Azouit, Max
name: Martin, Francois
name: Sadibekova, Tatiana
name: Travouillon, Tony
name: Vernin, Jean
name: Ziad, Aziz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present summer site testing results based on DIMM data obtained at Dome C, Antarctica. These data have been collected on the bright star Canopus during two 3-months summer campaigns in 2003-2004 and 2004-2005. We performed continuous monitoring of the seeing a nd the isoplanatic angle in the visible. We found a median seeing of 0.54 \arcsec and a median isoplanatic angle of 6.8 \arcsec. The seeing appears to have a deep minimum around 0.4 \arcsec almost every day in late afternoon.
EU Dairy Sector: Impact of Luxemburg Reform, EU Enlargement and Trade Negotiations
Creators: name: Bouamra-Mechemache, Zohra
name: Ali-Kein, Hela Hadj
name: Jongeneel, Roelof A.
name: Tonini, Axel
name: Requillart, Vincent
name: Bouamra-Mechemache, Zohra
name: Ali-Kein, Hela Hadj
name: Jongeneel, Roelof A.
name: Tonini, Axel
name: Requillart, Vincent
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: agricultural policy
subject: dairy industry
subject: partial equilibrium model

description: The EU dairy sector is facing a period of significant changes that are due to three major decisions: the EU enlargement, the Luxembourg reform and on-going WTO negotiations. To evaluate the impact of such changes we developed a model of the EU and world dairy industry. The model is composed of two modules that interact: a milk and beef supply module and a dairy industry module. In this paper we present the model and focus on elements that are crucial for a better understanding of the impact of reforms: quota rents in the EU, evolution of production in the new member states and trade policy.
Periodic Homogenization for Inertial Particles
Creators: name: Pavliotis, G. A.
name: Stuart, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the problem of homogenization for inertial particles moving in a periodic velocity field, and subject to molecular diffusion. We show that, under appropriate assumptions on the velocity field, the large scale, long time behavior of the inertial particles is governed by an effective diffusion equation for the position variable alone. To achieve this we use a formal multiple scale expansion in the scale parameter. This expansion relies on the hypo-ellipticity of the underlying diffusion. An expression for the diffusivity tensor is found and various of its properties studied. In particular, an expansion in terms of the non-dimensional particle relaxation time $τ$ (the Stokes number) is shown to co-incide with the known result for passive (non-inertial) tracers in the singular limit $τ\to 0$. This requires the solution of a singular perturbation problem, achieved by means of a formal multiple scales expansion in $τ.$ Incompressible and potential fields are studied, as well as fields which are neither, and theoretical findings are supported by numerical simulations.
description: 31 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Physica D. Typos corrected. One reference added
Farm Inputs and Agri-Environment Measures as Indicators of Agri-Environment Quality in Hungary
Creators: name: Katona-Kovacs, Judit
name: Takacs, Peter
name: Szabo, Gabor G.
name: Katona-Kovacs, Judit
name: Takacs, Peter
name: Szabo, Gabor G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: agri-environmental measures
subject: farm inputs
subject: indicators

description: The paper deals with agri-environmental indicators, examines farm inputs, on the basis of statistical data of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (Szabo, Pomazi 2002) and the Eurostat (2004). The examined indicators are placed in the agricultural DPSIR model. The paper presents how the use of farm inputs changed in Hungary from 1980-2000. Farm inputs are related to the inputs of the EU-15, the study demonstrates that today they are below the EU- 15 average. Area under agri-environmental measures in 2003 - which covered the 4% of agricultural area of Hungary - as a response indicator is also presented and based in the land-use zone system developed by Godollo Agricultural University (Angyan et al., 1998).
Markets for Purchased Farm Inputs in Transitional Agriculture: Russia's Example
Creators: name: Serova, Eugenia
name: Shick, Olga
name: Serova, Eugenia
name: Shick, Olga
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Russian agriculture
subject: transition economies
subject: farm supply channels
subject: government support programs

description: The common a priori persuasion is that agriculture suffers from decapitalization due to financial constraints faced by producers. This view is the basis for the national agricultural policy, which emphasizes reimbursement of input costs and substitutes government and quasi-government organizations for the missing market institutions. The article evaluates the availability of purchased farm inputs, the efficiency of their use, the main problems in the emergence of market institutions, and the impact of government policies. The analysis focuses on five groups of purchased inputs: farm machinery, fertilizers, fuel, seeds, and animal feed. The information sources include official statistics and data from two original surveys.
Exploiting Non-Taxonomic Relations for Measuring Semantic Similarity and Relatedness in WordNet
Creators: name: AlMousa, Mohannad
name: Benlamri, Rachid
name: Khoury, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Various applications in the areas of computational linguistics and artificial intelligence employ semantic similarity to solve challenging tasks, such as word sense disambiguation, text classification, information retrieval, machine translation, and document clustering. Previous work on semantic similarity followed a mono-relational approach using mostly the taxonomic relation "ISA". This paper explores the benefits of using all types of non-taxonomic relations in large linked data, such as WordNet knowledge graph, to enhance existing semantic similarity and relatedness measures. We propose a holistic poly-relational approach based on a new relation-based information content and non-taxonomic-based weighted paths to devise a comprehensive semantic similarity and relatedness measure. To demonstrate the benefits of exploiting non-taxonomic relations in a knowledge graph, we used three strategies to deploy non-taxonomic relations at different granularity levels. We conducted experiments on four well-known gold standard datasets, and the results demonstrated the robustness and scalability of the proposed semantic similarity and relatedness measure, which significantly improves existing similarity measures.
Tunable band-gap and isotropic light absorption from bismuth-containing GaAs core$-$shell and multi$-$shell nanowires
Creators: name: Usman, Muhammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Semiconductor core$-$shell nanowires based on the GaAs substrate are building blocks of many photonic, photovoltaic and electronic devices, thanks to the associated direct band-gap and the highly tunable optoelectronic properties. The selection of a suitable material system is crucial for custom designed nanowires tailored for optimised device performance. The bismuth containing GaAs materials are an imminent class of semiconductors which not only enable an exquisite control over the alloy strain and electronic structure but also offer the possibility to suppress internal loss mechanisms in photonic devices. Whilst the experimental efforts to incorporate GaBiAs alloys in the nanowire active region are still in primitive stage, the theoretical understanding of the optoelectronic properties of such nanowires is only rudimentary. This work elucidates and quantifies the role of nanowire physical attributes such as its geometry parameters and bismuth incorporation in designing light absorption wavelength and polarisation response. Based on multi-million atom tight-binding simulations of the GaBiAs/GaAs core$-$shell and GaAs/GaBiAs/GaAs multi$-$shell nanowires, our results predict a large tuning of the absorption wavelength, ranging from 0.9 $μ$m to 1.6 $μ$m, which can be controlled by engineering either Bi composition or nanowire diameter. The analysis of the strain profiles indicates a tensile character leading to significant light-hole mixing in the valence band states. This offers a possibility to achieve polarisation-insensitive light interaction, which is desirable for several photonic devices involving amplification and modulation of light. Furthermore, at low Bi compositions, the carrier confinement is quasi type-II, which further broadens the suitability of these nanowires for myriad applications demanding large carrier separations...
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Linking Farm and Market Models to Analyse the Effects of the EU Nitrate Directive for the Dutch Agricultural Sector
Creators: name: Helming, John F.M.
name: Hoogeveen, Marga W.
name: Mokveld, Lennard J.
name: Luesink, Harry H.
name: Helming, John F.M.
name: Hoogeveen, Marga W.
name: Mokveld, Lennard J.
name: Luesink, Harry H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: farm models
subject: market models
subject: manure
subject: economy
subject: policy

description: This paper presents a modeling system that can be used to analyze the trade off between economy and environment. It takes into account manure policy, farm structure and manure surpluses at farm level as well as the economic effects of manure surpluses at market level. The modeling system consists of two models that are linked to each other by at the one-hand manure prices and distribution of manure over different destinations and at the other hand changes in agricultural and total manure production. One model is the so-called Manure and Ammonia Model (MAM). This model calculates manure surpluses and deficits at the farm level and distribution of manure to own farm, own region, other regions, export abroad and processing at the regional level. Moreover, MAM also calculates ammonia emissions coming from different sources. The second model is a market model that includes the most important agricultural markets. The models are calibrated for 2002. The modeling system is tested to analyze the effects of sharpened manure policies until 2006.
Additional file 1 of Significant association between genes encoding virulence factors with antibiotic resistance and phylogenetic groups in community acquired uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates
Creators: name: Yazdanpour, Zahra
name: Tadjrobehkar, Omid
name: Motahareh Shahkhah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Table of primers & PCR conditions
Why Are Farmers Going Multifunctional?
Creators: name: Jongeneel, Roelof A.
name: Polman, Nico B.P.
name: Slangen, Louis H.G.
name: Jongeneel, Roelof A.
name: Polman, Nico B.P.
name: Slangen, Louis H.G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: multifunctionality
subject: land use
subject: agricultural policy

description: The European farm model is aimed at stimulating and facilitating multifunctional agriculture. This paper presents the results of research into the factors determining the adoption of multifunctional activities. In the paper survey results from 495 farms, spread all over the Netherlands, were used. Binomial logit models were estimated for multifunctional activities in general and four specific activities. Trust in the government is an important explaining factor for participation in nature conservation and recreation, however, less important for services and selling products. Location of the farm is important for nature conservation, services, and recreation. Attitude variables are particularly important for participation in nature conservation and day and stay recreation.
The developments of South African Sign Language (SASL), dialects, and its timeline
Creators: name: Chininthorn, Prangnat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: South African Sign Language
SASL
signed language
dialect

description: This is an appendix to elaborate on the development of South African Sign Language (SASL), as part of Chininthorn's Ph.D. thesis.
Additional file 1 of Early initiation of breastfeeding, colostrum avoidance, and their associated factors among mothers with under one year old children in rural pastoralist communities of Afar, Northeast Ethiopia: a cross sectional study
Creators: name: Gebretsadik, Gebretsadkan Gebremedhin
name: Tkuwab, Helen
name: Kidanemaryam Berhe
name: Afework Mulugeta
name: Hajira Mohammed
name: Abebe Gebremariam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Asymptotic corrections to the eigenvalue density of the GUE and LUE
Creators: name: Garoni, T. M.
name: Forrester, P. J.
name: Frankel, N. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain correction terms to the large N asymptotic expansions of the eigenvalue density for the Gaussian unitary and Laguerre unitary ensembles of random N by N matrices, both in the bulk of the spectrum and near the spectral edge. This is achieved by using the well known orthogonal polynomial expression for the kernel to construct a double contour integral representation for the density, to which we apply the saddle point method. The main correction to the bulk density is oscillatory in N and depends on the distribution function of the limiting density, while the corrections to the Airy kernel at the soft edge are again expressed in terms of the Airy function and its first derivative. We demonstrate numerically that these expansions are very accurate. A matching is exhibited between the asymptotic expansion of the bulk density, expanded about the edge, and the asymptotic expansion of the edge density, expanded into the bulk.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
[Letter from Anna Antoinette Weber van Bosse]
Creators: name: Weber Van Bosse, Anna Antoinette
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1900

description: Sends an invitation to study the calcareous algae collected by Hauck. Invite him to take part in a project concerning calcareous algae from Siboga in the Moluccas. The job will be to identify the algae. Both names will be on the article.
Confined nano-NMR spectroscopy using NV centers
Creators: name: Cohen, Daniel
name: Nigmatullin, Ramil
name: Eldar, Matan
name: Retzker, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nano-NMR spectroscopy with nitrogen-vacancy centers holds the potential to provide high resolution spectra of minute samples. This is likely to have important implications for chemistry, medicine and pharmaceutical engineering. One of the main hurdles facing the technology is that diffusion of unpolarized liquid samples broadens the spectral lines thus limiting resolution. Experiments in the field are therefore impeded by the efforts involved in achieving high polarization of the sample which is a challenging endeavor. Here we examine a scenario where the liquid is confined to a small volume. We show that the confinement 'counteracts' the effect of diffusion, thus overcoming a major obstacle to the resolving abilities of the NV-NMR spectrometer.
Economic Statistics and U.S. Agricultural Policy
Creators: name: Gardner, Bruce L.
name: Goodwin, Barry K.
name: Ahearn, Mary Clare
name: Gardner, Bruce L.
name: Goodwin, Barry K.
name: Ahearn, Mary Clare
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural policy
subject: Data collection and estimation
subject: Economic history of U.S. agriculture

description: Economic statistics can be used to inform policy as it is being designed, avoid policy design mistakes, or implement government programs once they are established into law. Oftentimes, statistics are used for all three purposes. This paper considers the relationships between statistics and agricultural policy in the case of the United States. We address first the broad historical picture of U.S. official economic statistics concerning agriculture, and then turn to selected examples that relate policies to economic statistics in more detail. The examples show diversity in the interplay between statistics and policy. As policies have become broader in scope, addressing not only farm commodity markets but also differences among farms and a widening set of activities on farms, policymakers have asked for more detailed information about the financial situation of individual farm businesses and households, sources of risk in farm returns, and production practices that affect the environment.
Additional file 1 of Two independent signals detected by ocean bottom electromagnetometers during a non-eruptive volcanic event: Ogasawara Island arc volcano, Nishinoshima
Creators: name: Baba, Kiyoshi
name: Tada, Noriko
name: Ichihara, Hiroshi
name: Yozo Hamano
name: Sugioka, Hiroko
name: Koyama, Takao
name: Akimichi Takagi
name: Takeo, Minoru
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1. Site information (Table S1) and figures for the time series data observed by the OBEMs at NS02, NS03, NS05, and NS06 (Figures S1-S4).
Influence on electron coherence from quantum electromagnetic fields in the presence of conducting plates
Creators: name: Hsiang, Jen-Tsung
name: Lee, Da-Shin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations in the presence of the perfectly conducting plate on electrons is studied with an interference experiment. The evolution of the reduced density matrix of the electron is derived by the method of influence functional. We find that the plate boundary anisotropically modifies vacuum fluctuations that in turn affect the electron coherence. The path plane of the interference is chosen either parallel or normal to the plate. In the vicinity of the plate, we show that the coherence between electrons due to the boundary is enhanced in the parallel configuration, but reduced in the normal case. The presence of the second parallel plate is found to boost these effects. The potential relation between the amplitude change and phase shift of interference fringes is pointed out. The finite conductivity effect on electron coherence is discussed.
description: 29 pages, 3 figures
Impact Assessment of Farmer Field School Using A Multi-Period Panel Data Model
Creators: name: Praneetvatakul, Suwanna
name: Waibel, Hermann
name: Praneetvatakul, Suwanna
name: Waibel, Hermann
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Farmer Field School
subject: Impact Assessment
subject: Multi-Periods Panel Data Model
subject: Pesticide Use

description: This paper presents an application of a two and three stages difference in differences model to measure environmental and economic impacts of Farmer Field School on crop and pest management practices of rice in Thailand. Panel data from 241 farm households were collected three times over a period of four years in five riceproducing provinces of Thailand. Data included socio-economic data describing household and farm characteristics, rice input and output data including detailed accounts of pesticide use and other pest management practices and farmers' knowledge of crop management and agro ecosystem factors. Using the concept of environmental impact quotient parameters on the health and environmental consequences of a change in pesticide use was computed. Data analysis was performed in two steps. First, statistical analysis using t-test was applied to detect differences in performance indicators, assumed to capture the influence of the training. These included farmer knowledge, yield, pesticide use, gross margin, pesticide health costs and environmental consequences of pesticides. In the second step, changes in farm performance, which were found to be significant in the linear statistical test were further analysed using a two and a three periods growth model. Results showed that trained farmers significantly reduced pesticide use on the short term. It was also found that they retain their reduced pesticide use practices several years after the training. However no significant change in rice gross margin could be detected.
Which Italian Family Farms Will Have a Successor?
Creators: name: Corsi, Alessandro
name: Corsi, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Farm household
subject: succession
subject: farm specific knowledge
subject: probit model

description: The succession in family farm is a critical issue: it not only involves the transmission of wealth, but also of specific skills and of specific farm management techniques. Since a large share of farmers in Italy are old, the lack of prospective successors in their farms would imply that a change in the farm management will take place. In some cases this might lead to the abandonment of farms and to degradation of the territory. It is therefore important to explore the conditions under which a farm household can transmit the farm management within the household itself. In our paper we try to assess which are the determinants of the likely farm succession within the family and we test in a developed country the hypothesis put forward by Rosenzweig and Wolpin (1985) for LDCs that farm-specific knowledge creates an incentive for children to take on the farm. To do this, we estimate by probit models the determinants for the presence of prospective successors, taking as an indicator the presence of children working on the farm. Explanatory variables include personal characteristics of the operators, including their work status, and farm, location and labour market characteristics. The results suggest that specific knowledge does favour farm succession within the household, along with other variables already considered in the previous literature; nevertheless, the effects of these variables are in general weak, and more research is needed to identify them.
Health information distributions to Deaf people in Western Cape and the involved stakeholders
Creators: name: Chininthorn, Prangnat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Health information distributions
Deaf people
Western Cape, South Africa

description: Three conceptual models of health information distributions to Deaf people in Western Cape and the involved stakeholders were created based on the key informants' perspectives and other participants. These are part of the findings from Co-exploration Activity 1 of Chininthorns' Ph.D. thesis.
Entropic characteristics of subsets of states
Creators: name: Shirokov, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is devoted to systematic study of properties of the quantum entropy and of the Holevo capacity considered as a function of a set of quantum states. The properties of restriction of the quantum entropy to arbitrary set of states are discussed. For some types of sets necessary and sufficient conditions of boundedness and of continuity of restriction of the quantum entropy as well as necessary and sufficient conditions of existence of the Gibbs state are obtained. The Holevo capacity of an arbitrary set of states and its general properties as a function of a set are considered. The notion of the optimal average state of an arbitrary set of states with finite Holevo capacity is introduced. The condition of existence of optimal measure for a set of states is obtained. The general results concerning the quantum entropy and the Holevo capacity are illustrated by considering the several examples of sets of states.
description: 79 pages, 2 figures
Economic Effects of Environmental Taxation on Chemical Fertilizers
Creators: name: Kim, Chang-Gil
name: Stoecker, Arthur L.
name: Kim, Chang-Gil
name: Stoecker, Arthur L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: polluter-pays-principle
subject: nonpoint pollution
subject: environmental tax
subject: nitrogen fertilizer
subject: negative externalities

description: This paper analyzes the economic effects of environmental taxes on chemical fertilizer in producing rice. A charge of 10 percent tax on nitrogen fertilizer leads to a reduction in fertilizer use of 1.5 percent without changing rice yield, but the farm income is reduced by 0.6 percent. The tax rate of 100 percent leads to a reduction of 14.6 percent in fertilizer use, a 0.4 percent reduction in rice yield, and a 3.6 percent reduction in farm income. A significant feature of eco-taxes imposed on chemical fertilizers is their revenue potential, which could contribute to increasing government budgets for finance pollution control programs, such as education and R&D. This study provides an insight into the application of market-based instrument to achieve sustainable agricultural development.
The relative orientation between the magnetic field and gradients of surface brightness within thin velocity slices of 12CO and 13CO emission from the Taurus molecular cloud
Creators: name: Heyer, M.
name: Soler, J. D.
name: Burkhart, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the role of the interstellar magnetic field to modulate the orientation of turbulent flows within the Taurus molecular cloud using spatial gradients of thin velocity slices of 12CO and 13CO antenna temperatures. Our analysis accounts for the random errors of the gradients that arise from the thermal noise of the spectra. The orientations of the vectors normal to the antenna temperature gradient vectors are compared to the magnetic field orientations that are calculated from Planck 353~GHz polarization data. These relative orientations are parameterized with the projected Rayleigh statistic and mean resultant vector. For 12CO, 28 percent and 39 percent of the cloud area exhibit strongly parallel or strongly perpendicular relative orientations respectively. For the lower opacity 13CO emission, strongly parallel and strongly perpendicular orientations are found in 7 percent and 43 percent of the cloud area respectively. For both isotopologues, strongly parallel or perpendicular alignments are restricted to localized regions with low levels of turbulence. If the relative orientations serve as an observational proxy to the Alfvenic Mach number then our results imply local variations of the Alfvenic Mach number throughout the cloud.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
The Influence of Social Capital on Natural Resource Management in Marginal Areas of Kenya
Creators: name: Mwakubo, Samuel M.
name: Obare, Gideon A.
name: Omiti, John M.
name: Mohammed, Lutta
name: Mwakubo, Samuel M.
name: Obare, Gideon A.
name: Omiti, John M.
name: Mohammed, Lutta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper analyzes the influence of social capital on the farmers' perception of the soil erosion problem and the level of investments in soil conservation in marginal areas of Kenya. It uses data from a survey of 321 households in Machakos and Taita-Taveta Districts. A Heckman's two-step model is applied to assess the influence of social capital on investments in soil conservation by farmers. Results show that the education level of the household head, slope of farmers' fields, proportion of off-farm income, and the status of soil erosion are significant determinants of the likelihood of farmers recognizing soil erosion as an important problem. Household size, slope, land tenure security, membership diversity, age of household head, farm size per capita and membership in groups influence investments in soil control measures such as terraces. The effects, however, are location-specific. The policy challenge is to establish and strengthen social capital elements that have a strong influence on communities undertaking soil conservation measures to promote sustainable agriculture, and improve land tenure security.
Precaution and Protectionism: 'Likeness' and GM Food at the WTO
Creators: name: Rigby, Dan
name: Burton, Michael P.
name: Young, Trevor
name: Rigby, Dan
name: Burton, Michael P.
name: Young, Trevor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: GM food
subject: mixed logit
subject: WTP
subject: Bayesian
subject: WTO

description: The dispute between the US and EU over GM foods at the WTO is examined in terms of the issues it raises about protectionism, environmental protection and precaution. The issue of whether GM, GM Derived and Non-GM foods are equivalent to each other is examined using data from a national choice modelling study in the UK. These categories of food are critical since they underpin the EU's new food labelling regime which it hoped would defuse the WTO dispute. The results are analysed using a Bayesian mixed logit model which allows greater flexibility in the modelling of preference distributions than that allowed through classical estimation. The Bayesian approach allows the use of censored normal and Johnson's SB distributions which can accommodate a bounded distribution with a probability mass point at zero (i.e. indifference). This is particularly important where, as in the case of GM food, we may expect some to be indifferent to the food whilst others dislike it, some strongly so. The results indicate bi-modal distributions regarding GM foodtypes, with some indifferent or mildly averse to GM foodtypes and others are strongly averse. A strong finding of the analysis is that most people treat ingredients derived from GM crops (but free from altered DNA) as equivalent to GM ingredients. This supports a labelling regime based on process rather than simply product and suggests considerable consumer benefits from the EU's new GM labelling regime.
Prompt photon hadroproduction at high energies in the k_T-factorization approach
Creators: name: Lipatov, A. V.
name: Zotov, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the prompt photon production at high energy hadron colliders in the framework of k_T-factorization approach. The unintegrated quark and gluon distributions in a proton are determined using the Kimber-Martin-Ryskin prescription. The conservative error analisys is performed. We investigate both inclusive prompt photon and prompt photon and associated muon production rates. In Standard Model such events come mainly due to Compton scattering process where the final heavy (charm or bottom) quark produces a muon. The theoretical results are compared with recent experimental data taken by the D0 and CDF collaborations at Fermilab Tevatron. Our analysis also covers the azimuthal correlations between produced prompt photon and muon which can provide an important information about non-collinear parton evolution in a proton. Finally, we extrapolate the theoretical predictions to CERN LHC energies.
description: 27 pages, 13 figures
Detection and characterisation of two VLM binaries: LP 1033-31 and LP 877-72
Creators: name: Karmakar, Subhajeet
name: Rajpurohit, A. S.
name: Allard, F.
name: Homeier, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the high-resolution near-infrared adaptive optics imaging from the NaCo instrument at the Very Large Telescope, we report the discovery of a new binary companion to the M-dwarf LP 1033-31 and also confirm the binarity of LP 877-72. We have characterised both the stellar systems and estimated the properties of their individual components. We have found that LP 1033-31 AB with the spectral type of M4.5+M4.5 has a projected separation of 6.7$\pm$1.3 AU. Whereas with the spectral type of M1+M4, the projected separation of LP 877-72 AB is estimated to be 45.8$\pm$0.3 AU. The binary companions of LP 1033-31 AB are found to have similar masses, radii, effective temperatures, and log $g$ with the estimated values of 0.20$\pm$0.04 $\rm{M}_{\odot}$, 0.22$\pm$0.03 $\rm{R}_{\odot}$, 3200 K, 5.06$\pm$0.04. However, the primary of LP 877-72 AB is found to be twice as massive as the secondary with the derived mass of 0.520$\pm$0.006 $\rm{M}_{\odot}$. The radius and log $g$ for the primary of LP 877-72 AB are found to be 1.8 and 0.95 times that of the secondary component with the estimated values of 0.492$\pm$0.011 $\rm{R}_{\odot}$ and 4.768$\pm$0.005, respectively. With an effective temperature of 3750$\pm$15 K, the primary of LP 877-72 AB is also estimated to be $\sim$400 K hotter than the secondary component. We have also estimated the orbital period of LP 1033-31 and LP 877-72 to be $\sim$28 and $\sim$349 yr, respectively. The binding energies for both systems are found to be $\gt$10$^{43}$ erg, which signifies both systems are stable.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Feasibility and A Fast Algorithm for Euclidean Distance Matrix Optimization with Ordinal Constraints
Creators: name: Lu, Sitong
name: Zhang, Miao
name: Li, Qingna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Euclidean distance matrix optimization with ordinal constraints (EDMOC) has found important applications in sensor network localization and molecular conformation. It can also be viewed as a matrix formulation of multidimensional scaling, which is to embed n points in a $r$-dimensional space such that the resulting distances follow the ordinal constraints. The ordinal constraints, though proved to be quite useful, may result in only zero solution when too many are added, leaving the feasibility of EDMOC as a question. In this paper, we first study the feasibility of EDMOC systematically. We show that if $r\ge n-2$, EDMOC always admits a nontrivial solution. Otherwise, it may have only zero solution. The latter interprets the numerical observations of 'crowding phenomenon'. Next we overcome two obstacles in designing fast algorithms for EDMOC, i.e., the low-rankness and the potential huge number of ordinal constraints. We apply the technique developed to take the low rank constraint as the conditional positive semidefinite cone with rank cut. This leads to a majorization penalty approach. The ordinal constraints are left to the subproblem, which is exactly the weighted isotonic regression, and can be solved by the enhanced implementation of Pool Adjacent Violators Algorithm (PAVA). Extensive numerical results demonstrate {the} superior performance of the proposed approach over some state-of-the-art solvers.
description: 32 pages, 23 figures
Equilibrium molecular energies used to obtain molecular dissociation energies and heats of formation within the bond-order correlation approach
Creators: name: Grassi, A.
name: Lombardo, G. M.
name: Forte, G.
name: Angilella, G. G. N.
name: Pucci, R.
name: March, N. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ab initio calculations including electron correlation are still extremely costly except for the smallest atoms and molecules. Therefore, our purpose in the present study is to employ a bond-order correlation approach to obtain, via equilibrium molecular energies, molecular dissociation energies and heats of formation for some 20 molecules containing C, H, and O atoms, with a maximum number of electrons around 40. Finally, basis set choice is shown to be important in the proposed procedure to include electron correlation effects in determining thermodynamic properties. With the optimum choice of basis set, the average percentage error for some 20 molecules is approximately 20% for heats of formation. For molecular dissociation energies the average error is much smaller: ~0.4.
description: Mol. Phys., to be published
Bt and Ht Corn versus Conventional Pesticide and Herbicide Use. Do Environmental Impacts Differ?
Creators: name: Nillesen, Eleonora
name: Scatasta, Sara
name: Wesseler, Justus
name: Nillesen, Eleonora
name: Scatasta, Sara
name: Wesseler, Justus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: EIQ
subject: pesticide use
subject: Bt
subject: Ht corn

description: In this paper we empirically assess and compare the environmental impact of pesticide programs for Bt, Ht (glufosinate) and conventional corn in Europe, employing the Environmental Impact Quotient. We use field trial data from Narbons, France 2004 as well as secondary data. Our results show that management of Bt corn has a lower environmental impact than conventional corn programs. Herbicide treatment of the Ht variety also has a much lower environmental impact than that of the two conventional programs. Our empirical findings support the argument of lower environmental and health impacts with respect to pesticide use when growing Bt and Ht corn. The outcomes are relevant for environmental benefit-cost analysis of Bt and Ht corn.
Randomized Runge-Kutta method -- stability and convergence under inexact information
Creators: name: Bochacik, Tomasz
name: Goćwin, Maciej
name: Morkisz, Paweł M.
name: Przybyłowicz, Paweł
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65C05, 65C20, 65L05, 65L06, 65L20

description: We deal with optimal approximation of solutions of ODEs under local Lipschitz condition and inexact discrete information about the right-hand side functions. We show that the randomized two-stage Runge-Kutta scheme is the optimal method among all randomized algorithms based on standard noisy information. We perform numerical experiments that confirm our theoretical findings. Moreover, for the optimal algorithm we rigorously investigate properties of regions of absolute stability.
[Letter from Ellen Bull Brunchorst at Bergens Museum]
Creators: name: Brunchorst, Ellen Bull
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1900

description: Expresses gratitude for receiving: 1. Remarks on Melobesieae in Herbarium Crouan, 2. New or critical calcareous algae, 3. Calcareous algae from Funafuti, 4. Melobesia caspica, a new alga, 5. Calcareous algae from Fuegia.
Superconductivity in Polycrystalline Diamond Thin Films
Creators: name: Takano, Yoshihiko
name: Nagao, Masanori
name: Takenouchi, Tomohiro
name: Umezawa, Hitoshi
name: Sakaguchi, Isao
name: Tachiki, Masashi
name: Kawarada, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductivity was discovered in heavily boron-doped diamond thin films deposited by the microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) method. Advantages of the MPCVD deposited diamond are the controllability of boron concentration in a wide range, and a high boron concentration, especially in (111) oriented films, compared to that of the high-pressure high-temperature method. The superconducting transition temperatures are determined to be 8.7K for Tc onset and 5.0K for zero resistance by transport measurements. And the upper critical field is estimated to be around 7T.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Immigrant Workers and Technological Change in U.S. Agriculture: A Profit Maximization Approach of Induced Innovation
Creators: name: Napasintuwong, Orachos
name: Emerson, Robert D.
name: Napasintuwong, Orachos
name: Emerson, Robert D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: immigrant workers
subject: farm mechanization
subject: technological change
subject: induced innovation
subject: profit function model

description: This paper analyzes changes in U.S. agricultural technology during 1960-1999, emphasizing the role of immigrant workers on farm mechanization. The rates and directions of biased technological change based on the induced innovation theory are compared before and after the passage of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 which was intended to reduce employment of unauthorized workers. Unlike previous studies of induced innovation, this paper develops a new theoretical and empirical model of induced innovation using a profit maximization approach. The contribution of the profit maximization approach is that it allows changes in output combinations as a result of technological change. We found that the technology was biased against hired and self-employed labor, and toward capital during the study period. Although the bias against labor diminished considerably after 1986, the bias toward capital did not change appreciably after 1986. An important insight via the profit maximization approach is that the technology became biased in favor of labor intensive, perishable crops after 1986.