cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Geometric characterization of separability and entanglement in pure Gaussian states by single-mode unitary operations
Creators: name: Adesso, Gerardo
name: Giampaolo, Salvatore M.
name: Illuminati, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a geometric approach to the characterization of separability and entanglement in pure Gaussian states of an arbitrary number of modes. The analysis is performed adapting to continuous variables a formalism based on single subsystem unitary transformations that has been recently introduced to characterize separability and entanglement in pure states of qubits and qutrits [arXiv:0706.1561]. In analogy with the finite-dimensional case, we demonstrate that the $1 \times M$ bipartite entanglement of a multimode pure Gaussian state can be quantified by the minimum squared Euclidean distance between the state itself and the set of states obtained by transforming it via suitable local symplectic (unitary) operations. This minimum distance, corresponding to a, uniquely determined, extremal local operation, defines a novel entanglement monotone equivalent to the entropy of entanglement, and amenable to direct experimental measurement with linear optical schemes.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure. Discussion expanded, to appear in PRA
The evolutionary consequences of interactions between plants in permanent pastures
Creators: name: Mehrhoff, Loyal Archie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The evolutionary consequences of interactions between neighbouring plants of Trifolium repens and three selected grasses were studied in a series of different-aged pastures. Experiments were conducted at three different levels of interaction; between species, between populations, and between individuals. The primary objective was to examine under natural conditions the relevance of two revolutionary theories of species coexistence - niche differentiation and competitive equivalence. Additional studies focused on the differentiation of T. repens subpopulations in response to neighbouring grasses, on the presence of carry-over effects, and the validity of extrapolating the results of greenhouse studies to predictions of natural pasture processes. Plants collected from different pastures showed different patterns of growth in a common garden. These patterns appeared to be related to the age of the pasture from which the plants were originally collected. Occasionally, species which were poorer competitors in 3'ounger pastures became superior competitors in mixtures from older pastures. Plants grown under natural field conditions were affected by both competitive and non-competitive forces. Non-competitive factors such as grazing, disturbance, and/or abiotic conditions, killed more individuals and accounted for more variation in growth than did competitive factors. However, plant interactions were important, including both competitive effects on neighbours and competitive responses to neighbours. These competitive effects and responses were not symmetrical and each appeared to behave independently. The balance between the intensity of intra- and inter-specific competition was critical. Two pairs of species which were more adversely affected by interspecific competition showed evidence of increased niche separation in older compared to younger pastures. A third pair of species was more affected by intraspecific competition and showed a decrease in niche separation in older pastures. These results support the theory that competition leads to changes in the pattern of resource use. The ability to predict the growth of species under natural pasture conditions from either greenhouse or controlled garden conditions was poor. This lack of predictability, when coupled with the observed rapid evolution of a species' competitive ability, suggests that caution should be exercised in developing theories based upon greenhouse growth characteristics or on "species" characteristics. Unlike previous studies in a Welsh pasture, no evidence of long-term specialization of Trifolium repens to patches of neighbouring grasses was found. Differences in the age of the pastures, and the average patch size of the neighbouring grasses (environmental grain) may explain these differences.
Detecting delocalization-localization transitions from full density distributions
Creators: name: Hopjan, Miroslav
name: Orso, Giuliano
name: Heidrich-Meisner, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Characterizing the delocalization transition in closed quantum systems with a many-body localized phase is a key open question in the field of nonequilibrium physics. We exploit that localization of particles as realized in Anderson and standard many-body localization (MBL) implies Fock-space localization in single-particle basis sets characterized by a real-space index. Using a recently introduced quantitative measure for Fock-space localization computed from the density distributions, the occupation distance, we systematically study its scaling behavior across delocalozation transitions and identify critical points from scaling collapses of numerical data. Excellent agreement with literature results is found for the critical disorder strengths of noninteracting fermions, such as the one-dimensional Aubry-André and the three-dimensional Anderson model. We observe a distinctively different scaling behavior in the case of interacting fermions with random disorder consistent with a Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. Finally, we use our measure to extract the transition point as a function of filling for interacting fermions.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures. Accepted version, to appear in PRB. Data shown in the manuscript is partially available as ancillary files
Exploring the Redshift-Space Peculiar Velocity Field and its Power Spectrum
Creators: name: Dam, Lawrence
name: Bolejko, Krzysztof
name: Lewis, Geraint F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Redshift-space distortions (RSD) generically affect any spatially-dependent observable that is mapped using redshift information. The effect on the observed clustering of galaxies is the primary example of this. This paper is devoted to another example: the effect of RSD on the apparent peculiar motions of tracers as inferred from their positions in redshift space (i.e. the observed distance). Our theoretical study is motivated by practical considerations, mainly, the direct estimation of the velocity power spectrum, which is preferably carried out using the tracer's redshift-space position (so as to avoid uncertainties in distance measurements). We formulate the redshift-space velocity field and show that RSD enters as a higher-order effect. Physically, this effect may be interpreted as a dissipative correction to the usual perfect-fluid description of dark matter. We show that the effect on the power spectrum is a damping on relatively large, quasilinear scales ($k>0.01\,h\,{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$), as was observed, though unexplained, in $N$-body simulations elsewhere. This paper presents two power spectrum models for the peculiar velocity field in redshift space, both of which can be considered velocity analogues of existing clustering models. In particular, we show that the "Finger-of-God" effect, while also present in the velocity field, cannot be entirely blamed for the observed damping in simulations. Our work provides some of the missing modelling ingredients required for a density--velocity multi-tracer analysis, which has been proposed for upcoming redshift surveys.
description: 31+12 pages, 8 figures, 1 table; corresponds to version published in JCAP
Additional file 1 of Jointly benchmarking small and structural variant calls with vcfdist
Creators: name: Dunn, Tim
name: Zook, Justin M.
name: Holt, James M.
name: Narayanasamy, Satish
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Contains the following tables and figures: Table S1: The origins of each phased whole genome sequencing dataset used in this manuscript. Figure S1: The design space for affine-gap alignment and variant representations. Figure S2: An example where joint evaluation of small and structural variants changes benchmarking results. Figure S3: Switch and flip error confusion matrices for vcfdist and WhatsHap. Figure S4: Full haplotype sequences for the truth and query VCFs for a portion of the HLA-DQB1 gene. Figure S5: A comparison of SNP, INDEL, and SV variant calling evaluation by vcfdist, vcfeval, and Truvari. Figure S6: Examples of the seven variant categories in Table 4 that were evaluated differently between tools. Table S2: Comparing the efficiency and accuracy of vcfdist when using different clustering approaches. Figure S7: Comparing detected and actual variant dependencies when using different clustering algorithms. Figure S8: An example of different variant clustering methods.
Impact of quantum-chemical metrics on the machine learning prediction of electron density
Creators: name: Briling, Ksenia R.
name: Fabrizio, Alberto
name: Corminboeuf, Clemence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Machine learning (ML) algorithms have undergone an explosive development impacting every aspect of computational chemistry. To obtain reliable predictions, one needs to maintain the proper balance between the black-box nature of ML frameworks and the physics of the target properties. One of the most appealing quantum-chemical properties for regression models is the electron density, and some of us recently proposed a transferable and scalable model based on the decomposition of the density onto an atom-centered basis set. The decomposition, as well as the training of the model, is at its core a minimization of some loss function, which can be arbitrarily chosen and may lead to results of different quality. Well-studied in the context of density fitting (DF), the impact of the metric on the performance of ML models has not been analyzed yet. In this work, we compare predictions obtained using the overlap and the Coulomb-repulsion metrics for both decomposition and training. As expected, the Coulomb metric used as both the DF and ML loss functions leads to the best results for the electrostatic potential and dipole moments. The origin of this difference lies in the fact that the model is not constrained to predict densities that integrate to the exact number of electrons $N$. Since an \textit{a posteriori} correction for the number of electrons decreases the errors, we proposed a modification of the model where $N$ is included directly into the kernel function, which allowed to lower the errors on the test and out-of-sample sets.
description: 9 pages + SI (11 pages)
Detection of superhumps in the VY Scl-type nova-like variable KR Aur
Creators: name: Kozhevnikov, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on detection of negative superhumps in KR Aur which is the representative member of the VY Scl stars. The observations were obtained with the multi-channel photometer during 107 h. The analysis of the data clearly revealed brightness variations with a period of 3.771 +/- 0.005 h. This is 3.5 per cent less than the orbital period, suggesting it is a negative superhump. Negative superhumps in VY Scl stars are widely spread. The discovery of powerful soft X-rays from V751 Cyg demonstrates that VY Scl stars may contain white dwarfs, at which nuclear burning of the accreted material occur. If this suspicion is correct, we then can suppose that the powerful radiation emerging from the white dwarf may cause the tilt of the accretion disk to the orbital plane, and its retrograde precession may produce negative superhumps in VY Scl stars.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, will be published in MNRAS
Optical conductivity signatures of open Dirac nodal lines
Creators: name: Santos-Cottin, D.
name: Casula, M.
name: Medici, L. de'
name: Mardelé, F. Le
name: Wyzula, J.
name: Orlita, M.
name: Klein, Y.
name: Gauzzi, A.
name: Akrap, A.
name: Lobo, R. P. S. M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the optical conductivity and far-infrared magneto-optical response of BaNiS$_2$, a simple square-lattice semimetal characterized by Dirac nodal lines that disperse exclusively along the out-of-plane direction. With the magnetic field aligned along the nodal line the in-plane Landau level spectra show a nearly $\sqrt{B}$ behavior, the hallmark of a conical-band dispersion with a small spin-orbit coupling gap. The optical conductivity exhibits an unusual temperature-independent isosbestic line, ending at a Van Hove singularity. First-principles calculations unambiguously assign the isosbestic line to transitions across Dirac nodal states. Our work suggests a universal topology of the electronic structure of Dirac nodal lines.
Near-unit efficiency of chiral state conversion via hybrid-Liouvillian dynamics
Creators: name: Kumar, Parveen
name: Snizhko, Kyrylo
name: Gefen, Yuval
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following the evolution under a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian (nHH) involves significant probability loss. This makes various nHH effects impractical in the quantum realm. In contrast, Lindbladian evolution conserves probability, facilitating observation and application of exotic effects characteristic of open quantum systems. Here we are concerned with the effect of chiral state conversion: encircling an exceptional point, multiple system states are converted into a single system eigenmode. While for nHH the possible converted-into eigenmodes are pure states, for Lindbladians these are typically mixed states. We consider hybrid-Liouvillian evolution, which interpolates between a Lindbladian and a nHH and enables combining the best of the two worlds. We design adiabatic evolution protocols that give rise to chiral state conversion with $\textit{pure}$ final states, no probability loss, and high fidelity. Furthermore, extending beyond continuous adiabatic evolution, we design a protocol that facilitates conversion to pure states with fidelity 1 and, at the same time, no probability loss. Employing recently developed experimental techniques, our proposal can be implemented with superconducting qubit platforms.
description: 7 pages + 2 pages supplementary information, 4 figures
On the Non-Manifest Left-Right Model Contribution to the Lifetime Difference in $D^0 - \bar{D}^0$ Mixing
Creators: name: Yeghiyan, G. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New physics contribution to the lifetime difference in $D^0 - \bar{D}^0$ mixing is re-examined within the non-manifest Left-Right Symmetric Model. Diagrams with one of $ΔC = 1$ transitions, mediated by a propagator with $W_L - W_R$ mixing, are revisited. While these diagrams are believed to give the dominant contribution, compatible with the experimental data, it is shown that due to GIM cancelation, such diagrams are negligible in sum. Thus, Left-Right Symmetric Model contribution to the lifetime difference in $D^0 - \bar{D}^0$ mixing is about two orders of magnitude less than actual experimental value for $ΔΓ_D$.
description: 4 pages including 1 figure, revtex
Quantifying Entanglement in Cluster States Built with Error-Prone Interactions
Creators: name: Qin, Zhangjie
name: Lee, Woo-Ram
name: DeMarco, Brian
name: Gadway, Bryce
name: Kotochigova, Svetlana
name: Scarola, V. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurement-based quantum computing is an alternative paradigm to the circuit-based model. This approach can be advantageous in certain scenarios, such as when read-out is fast and accurate, but two-qubit gates realized via inter-particle interactions are slow and can be parallelized to efficiently create a cluster state. However, understanding how two-qubit errors impact algorithm accuracy and developing experimentally viable approaches to characterize cluster-state fidelity are outstanding challenges. Here, we consider one-dimensional cluster states built from controlled phase, Ising, and XY interactions with slow two-qubit error in the interaction strength, consistent with error models of interactions found in a variety of qubit architectures. We detail an experimentally viable teleportation fidelity that offers a measure of the impact of these errors on the cluster state. Our fidelity calculations show that the error has a distinctly different impact depending on the underlying interaction used for the two-qubit entangling gate. In particular, the Ising and XY interactions can allow perfect teleportation through the cluster state even with large errors, but the controlled phase interaction does not. Nonetheless, we find that teleportation through cluster state chains of size $N$ has a maximum two-qubit error for teleportation along a quantum channel that decreases as $N^{-1/2}$. To enable construction of larger cluster states, we design lowest-order refocusing pulses for correcting these slow errors in the interaction strength. Our work generalizes to higher-dimensional cluster states and sets the stage for experiments to monitor the growth of entanglement in cluster states built from error-prone interactions.
Additional file 2 of Jointly benchmarking small and structural variant calls with vcfdist
Creators: name: Dunn, Tim
name: Zook, Justin M.
name: Holt, James M.
name: Narayanasamy, Satish
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Contains the peer review history.
On magnetic instabilities and dynamo action in stellar radiation zones
Creators: name: Zahn, J. -P.
name: Brun, A. S.
name: Mathis, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the MHD instabilities arising in the radiation zone of a differentially rotating star, in which a poloidal field of fossil origin is sheared into a toroidal field. We focus on the non-axisymmetric instability that affects the toroidal magnetic field in a rotating star, which was first studied by Pitts and Tayler in the non-dissipative limit. According to Spruit, it could also drive a dynamo. The Pitts & Tayler instability is manifestly present in our simulations, with its conspicuous m=1 dependence in azimuth. But its analytic treatment used so far is too simplified to be applied to the real stellar situation. Although the instability generated field reaches an energy comparable to that of the mean poloidal field, that field seems unaffected by the instability: it undergoes Ohmic decline, and is neither eroded nor regenerated by the instability. The toroidal field is produced by shearing the poloidal field and it draws its energy from the differential rotation. The small scale motions behave as Alfven waves; they cause negligible eddy-diffusivity and contribute little to the net transport of angular momentum. In our simulations we observe no sign of dynamo action, of either mean field or fluctuation type, up to a magnetic Reynolds number of 10^5. However the Pitts & Tayler instability is sustained as long as the differential rotation acting on the poloidal field is able to generate a toroidal field of sufficient strength.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, Accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Weighing the Galactic disk using phase-space spirals II. Most stringent constraints to a thin dark disk using Gaia EDR3
Creators: name: Widmark, Axel
name: Laporte, Chervin F. P.
name: de Salas, Pablo F.
name: Monari, Giacomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the method that was developed in the first paper of this series, we measure the vertical gravitational potential of the Galactic disk from the time-varying structure of the phase-space spiral, using data from Gaia as well as supplementary radial velocity information from legacy spectroscopic surveys. For eleven independent data samples, we inferred gravitational potentials that were in good agreement, despite the data samples' varied and substantial selection effects. Using a model for the baryonic matter densities, we inferred a local halo dark matter density of $0.0085 \pm 0.0039$ M$_\odot$/pc$^3 = 0.32 \pm 0.15$ GeV/cm$^3$. We were also able to place the most stringent constraint to the surface density of a thin dark disk with a scale height $\leq 50$ pc: an upper 95 % confidence limit of roughly 5 M$_\odot$/pc$^2$ (compared to previous limit of roughly 10 M$_\odot$/pc$^2$, given the same scale height). For the inferred halo dark matter density and thin dark disk surface density, the uncertainties are dominated by the baryonic model. With this level of precision, our method is highly competitive with traditional methods that rely on the assumption of a steady state. In a general sense, this illustrates that time-varying dynamical structures are not solely obstacles to dynamical mass measurements, but can also be regarded as assets containing useful information.
description: 9 figures, 20 pages
The selective advantage of diel vertical migration behavior in juvenile sockeye salmon and kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka)
Creators: name: Levy, David Alan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The widespread occurrence of diel vertical migration behavior in pelagic aquatic organisms suggests that there is a selective advantage of the behavior compared to a static vertical depth distribution in the water column. Juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) are active diel vertical migrators within pelagic lacustrine habitats, usually migrating over vertical distances covering tens of meters. The migrations are timed such that the animals occupy shallow depths during crepuscular and nocturnal periods, and spend daytime periods relatively deep in the water column. Hydroacoustic surveys were undertaken in fifteen British Columbia sockeye and kokanee lakes in order to compare predictions from selective advantage theories with the performance of the animals under field conditions. Juvenile sockeye undertook diel vertical migrations in all systems studied with the exception of Nimpkish Lake, where the migrations were periodically reversed, and Chilko Lake, where the migrations were periodically relaxed. None of the single factor theories correctly predicted all of the features of juvenile sockeye diel vertical migration. A multifactor theory, which interpreted the migration as a three-way compromise between foraging, predator avoidance, and the optimization of nocturnal metabolic efficiency, provided the most realistic explanation for the selective advantage of the behavior. The field observations also supported a hypothesized sensory mechanism for the behavior involving light and temperature controlling the day and night depth positions respectively. Two distinct kokanee diel migratory patterns were observed within Okanagan Lake. One group of animals migrated in a similar fashion as juvenile sockeye, while the second group undertook a reversed diel vertical migration. Target strength estimates from a high frequency echosounder suggested that small juveniles comprised the first group, while larger sub-adults comprised the second. The field observations are consistent with an ontogenetic shift in kokanee diel vertical migratory behavior within Okanagan Lake. Crustacean zooplankton prey organisms of juvenile sockeye maintained static diel vertical distributions within three Eraser River system sockeye lakes. Within Babine Lake, the cladoceran Bosmina coregoni undertook reversed diel vertical migrations probably in response to the vertical migrations undertaken by the predatory copepod Heterocope septentrionalis. Within Nimpkish Lake, where juvenile sockeye undertook reversed diel vertical migrations, B. coregoni as well as other planktonic Crustacea undertook diel vertical migrations. The correspondance between vertical migratory patterns in zooplankton and planktivores suggests a tight coupling in the diel migratory behavior of adjacent trophic levels with potentially important consequences for pelagic aquatic community structure.
Nonlinear electrodynamics and the variation of the fine structure constant
Creators: name: Mbelek, Jean Paul
name: Cuesta, Herman J. Mosquera
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been claimed that during the late time history of our universe, the fine structure constant of electromagnetism, $α$, has been increasing (Webb et al. 2001; Murphy et al. 2003). The conclusion is achieved after looking at the separation between lines of ions like CIV, MgII, SiII, FeII, among others in the absorption spectra of very distant quasars, and comparing them with their counterparts obtained in the laboratory. However, in the meantime, other teams has claimed either a null result or a decreasing $α$ with respect to the cosmic time (Chand et al. 2004; Levshakov et al. 2004). Also, the current precision of laboratory tests does not allow one to either comfort or reject any of these astronomical observations. Here we suggest that as photons are the sidereal messengers, a nonlinear electrodynamics (NLED) description of the interaction of photons with the weak local background magnetic fields of a gas cloud absorber around the emitting quasar can reconcile the Chand et al. (2004) and Levshakov et al. (2004) findings with the negative variation found by Murphy et al. (2001a, 2001b, 2001c, 2001d) and Webb et al. (2001), and also to find a bridge with the positive variation argued more recently by Levshakov et al. (2006a, 2007). We also show that nonlinear electrodynamics photon propagation in a vacuum permeated by a background magnetic field presents a full agreement with constraints from Oklo natural reactor data. Finally, we show that NLED may render a null result only in a narrow range of the local background magnetic field which should be the case of both the claims by Chand et al.(2004) and by Srianand et al. (2004).
description: 6 revtex4 pages, no figures. In press by Monthly Notices of Royal Astronomical Society
Paleoecología de los invertebrados esclerobiontes de braquiópodos del Pérmico de Chicomuselo, Chiapas, México
Creators: name: Aguilar, Lourdes Martín
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Paleontology
subject: 60206 Palaeoecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 10402 Biostatistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: B. Sc. Thesis of Lourdes Martín Aguilar to obtain a degree in Biology.

DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13133531
You can also find this document in the official repository TESIS UNAM. Direct link: http://oreon.dgbiblio.unam.mx/F/6SYLY7EUPPYMITKF79CEBSHII59AAIEU3D9K1IAXY15D5FVBSP-46432?func=full-set-set&set_number=008801&set_entry=000001&format=999
And in my Research Gate profile: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345984373_Paleoecologia_de_los_invertebrados_esclerobiontes_de_braquiopodos_del_Permico_de_Chicomuselo_Chiapas_Mexico
Force induced conformational transition in a system of interacting stiff polymer: Application to unfolding
Creators: name: Kumar, Sanjay
name: Giri, Debaprasad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a stiff polymer chain in poor solvent and apply a force at one end of the chain. We find that by varying the stiffness parameter, polymer undergoes a transition from the globule state to the folded like state. The conformation of folded state mimics the $β$-sheet as seen in titin molecule. Using exact enumeration technique, we study the extension-force and force-temperature diagrams of such a system. Force-temperature diagram shows the re-entrance behaviour for flexible chain. However, for stiff chain this re-entrance behaviour is absent and there is an enhancement in $θ$-temperature with the rise of stiffness. We further propose that the internal information about the frozen structure of polymer can be read from the distribution of end-to-end distance which shows saw-tooth like behaviour.
description: RevTeX v4, 9 pages with 6 eps figures
Infecting human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with SARS-CoV-2.
Creators: name: Encabo, Hector Huerga
name: Ulferts, Rachel
name: Sharma, Aneesh
name: Beale, Rupert
name: Bonnet, Dominique
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Tumour Biology
subject: Human Biology & Physiology
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Stem Cells
subject: Infectious Disease
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Determining how hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) can be infected by viruses is necessary to understand and predict how the immune system will drive the host response. We present here a protocol to analyze the capacity of SARS-CoV-2 to infect different subsets of human HSPCs, inlcuding procedures for SARS-CoV-2 production and titration, isolation of human HSPCs from different sources (bone marrow, umbilical cord or peripheral blood), and quantification of SARS-Cov-2 infection capacity by RT-PCR and colony forming unit assay.
Quantum Amplitude Amplification Operators
Creators: name: Kwon, Hyeokjea
name: Bae, Joonwoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we show the characterization of quantum iterations that would generally construct quantum amplitude amplification algorithms with a quadratic speedup, namely, quantum amplitude amplification operators (QAAOs). Exact quantum search algorithms that find a target with certainty and with a quadratic speedup can be composed of sequential applications of QAAO: existing quantum amplitude amplification algorithms thus turn out to be sequences of QAAOs. We show that an optimal and exact quantum amplitude amplification algorithm corresponds to the Grover algorithm together with a single iteration of QAAO. We then realize 3-qubit QAAOs with the current quantum technologies via cloud-based quantum computing services, IBMQ and IonQ. Finally, our results find that fixed-point quantum search algorithms known so far are not a sequence of QAAOs, e.g. the amplitude of a target state may decrease during quantum iterations.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
A Further Generalized Lagrangian Density and Its Special Cases
Creators: name: Chen, Fang-Pei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By summarizing and extending the Lagrangian densities of the general relativity and the Kibble's gauge theory of gravitation,a further generalized Lagrangian density for a gravitational system is obtained and analyzed in greater detail, which can be used for studying more extensive range of gravitation. Many special cases can be derived from this generalized Lagrangian density, their general characters and peculiarities will be briefly described.
description: 25 pages, no figure
A Critical Phenomenon in Solitonic Ising Chains
Creators: name: Loutsenko, Igor M.
name: Spiridonov, Vyacheslav P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a phase transition of the second order taking place in non-local 1D Ising chains generated by specific infinite soliton solutions of the KdV and BKP equations.
description: This is a contribution to the Vadim Kuznetsov Memorial Issue on Integrable Systems and Related Topics, published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
title: Debating Sufism : The Tijāniyya and its Opponents
Creators: name: Hanif, Mohammad Ajmal
Publisher: name: University of Bayreuth
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Tijāniyya
subject: Sufism
subject: Salafism
subject: Debates
subject: 200

description: This dissertation examines the larger theme of Sufism and anti-Sufism through the lens of debates between proponents of the Tijāniyya Sufi order and their Salafī opponents in the twentieth century as reflected in writings by authors hailing from Morocco, Mauritania, Mali, Sudan, Egypt and Saudi-Arabia. The conflict is basically a battle about who speaks for Islam, drawing on different sources of authority. Salafīs underline the importance of textual and discursive knowledge extracted from Islam’s foundational texts: they perceive the Qurʾān and the Sunna as the only true sources of religious authority. For them, all other possible sources of authority are fallible, and, by the same token, devoid of evidentiary value. For the protagonists of the Tijāniyya, however, the sources of authority extend from the foundational texts to include the God-given knowledge embedded in the spiritual experiences of the supreme master of their brotherhood, as well as that derived from daylight communications with the Prophet.
Whereas earlier, nineteenth-century debates surrounding the Tijāniyya often involved other Sufis, especially from the Qādiriyya, and where strongly shaped by their competition for followers and political influence, the case studies subjected to scrutiny in this dissertation demonstrate that the Salafī critics were strongly motivated by their endeavor to engage in daʿwa (propagation of “proper” Islam) and to spread a “correct” understanding of tawḥīd (Oneness of God). The Tijānī authors who responded to their attacks considered the defense of the Tijāniyya a religious duty and a compulsory service to Aḥmad al-Tijānī, the founding figure and supreme master of the brotherhood, perceived as the perfect embodiment of the religion of Islam.
As the dissertation shows, the vast field of theological and doctrinal debates allowed both protagonists and antagonists of the Tijāniyya to flex their muscles, construct their own authority and enhance their personal recognition. Polemical literature produced by Salafīs became standard references for opponents of the brotherhood, whereas Tijānī shaykhs who responded appeared as heroic scholars to their constituencies. The analysis also reveals a gradual change in the perception of certain Tijānī tenets among some of its representatives. This is best illustrated by the changing perception of the extraordinary reward for the recitation of the ṣalāt al-fātiḥ, which suggests the emergence of a sharī‘a-centric argumentation attracting mostly the younger generations among the Tijānīs. On the other hand, the spread of Salafism in previously Tijānī-dominated areas also made Tijānī authors resort to a harder and sharper tone in their polemical writings, thus pointing to the increasing tensions between Sufis and their opponents over the course of the twentieth century.
The maximal p-norm multiplicativity conjecture is false
Creators: name: Hayden, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For all 1 < p < 2, we demonstrate the existence of quantum channels with non-multiplicative maximal p-norms. Equivalently, the minimum output Renyi entropy of order p of a quantum channel is not additive for all 1 < p < 2. The violations found are large. As p approaches 1, the minimum output Renyi entropy of order p for a product channel need not be significantly greater than the minimum output entropy of its individual factors. Since p=1 corresponds to the von Neumann entropy, these counterexamples demonstrate that if the additivity conjecture of quantum information theory is true, it cannot be proved as a consequence of maximal p-norm multiplicativity.
Effects of Eye-phase in DNA unzipping
Creators: name: Giri, Debaprasad
name: Kumar, Sanjay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The onset of an "eye-phase" and its role during the DNA unzipping is studied when a force is applied to the interior of the chain. The directionality of the hydrogen bond introduced here shows oscillations in force-extension curve similar to a "saw-tooth" kind of oscillations seen in the protein unfolding experiments. The effects of intermediates (hairpins) and stacking energies on the melting profile have also been discussed.
description: RevTeX v4, 9 pages with 7 eps figures
Gott zuliebe - Eine Motivation im Glauben
Creators: name: Liebendörfer, Bernd
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Gebot , Gehorsam , Gottesliebe , Glaube
subject: 220
subject: 230
subject: Glaubensgehorsam

description: Die Frage, wie wir mit den Geboten Gottes umzugehen haben, hat Menschen zu allen Zeiten bewegt. Für manche stellt es geradezu das Zentrum christlichen Glaubens dar, Gottes Gebote zu halten, ihnen zu gehorchen. Dietrich Bonhoeffer forderte Christus gegenüber einen radikalen, einfältigen Gehorsam. Paulus spricht ebenfalls, jedoch in anderer Weise, vom Gehorsam des Glaubens. Dieser Aufsatz leistet einen Beitrag zur Klärung der Frage, was unter diesem Gehorsam zu verstehen ist. Der Umgang im allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch reicht nicht an das heran, was im christlichen Glauben damit gemeint ist. Deswegen wird der Bezug zur Liebe hergestellt und damit zum höchsten Gebot aus Mk 12. So kommt der Gedanke in den Blick, dass eine große Motivation darin liegen kann, Gott etwas zuliebe zu tun.
Neuronal transplants used to repair ischemic lesions in the rat central nervous system : histological, immunohistochemical and electrophysiological characterization of development and function
Creators: name: Mudrick, Lori Ann
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Cerebral ischemia can be caused by many diverse conditions such as cardiac arrest and severe hypotension and is often the cause of secondary brain damage following head injury or infantile birth trauma. The inadequate cerebral blood flow can result in the permanent loss of essential brain circuitries and neurological deficits. Since methods are not currently available for the prevention of neuronal loss following cerebral ischemia, experiments were undertaken to investigate whether transplanted neurons had the potential to afford some measure of repair. In the present study a model was developed whereby the hippocampal CA1 region of the rat brain could be lesioned by transient forebrain ischemia and subsequently repopulated with suspensions of fetal hippocampal tissue. Histological, immunohistochemical and electrophysiological techniques were used to examine the functional capabilities of the transplanted neurons by assessing their ability to survive when transplanted into the degenerating brain region, to develop intrinsic properties characteristic of the cells they had replaced and, to integrate into the host tissue by reestablishing some of the normal synaptic circuitries. The ability of the transplanted neurons to remain viable when placed into a degenerating environment was confirmed by the histological demonstration of ³H-thymidine labelled neurons in the lesioned region and the demonstration that the transplanted neurons were electrically active. Histological and immunohistochemical techniques showed that the transplanted neurons developed cytological features that were indistinguishable from their normal counterparts, showed a remarkable degree of organization, and expressed some of the same neuron specific proteins; specifically calbindin-D[sub 28K] and parvalbumin. Acetylcholinesterase histochemistry and retrograde axonal transport of Fluoro-Gold demonstrated that some afferent and efferent fibre projections could be reinstated. Electrophysiological recordings confirmed the functional integration of the transplanted neurons in the host tissue. Intracellular and extracellular recordings showed that the restored neural connections formed functional synaptic contacts and that the transplanted neurons developed biophysical properties that were similar to the cells they had replaced. The data from the present study have demonstrated that transplanted neurons can develop many of the anatomical and electrophysiological properties that are characteristic of the adult cells they have replaced and consequently, have the potential to mediate normal functional capabilities.
The Influence of Diaspora Politics on Conflict and Peace: Transnational Activism of Stateless Kurds
Creators: name: Tas, Latif
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Transnationalism
Kurds
Turkey
diaspora
conflict

description: Kurds are the largest stateless ethnic group in the world, and Kurdish diasporas have for many years tried to raise awareness of the Kurds’ situation, both at home and abroad, as well as lobbying for improvements to Kurdish cultural and political rights. Many researchers believe that the diaspora is a safe environment within which “long-distance nationalists” are created and organised. This chapter explores the potential role of Kurdish diaspora groups in ‘peace-making’ and ‘peace-building’ processes within Turkey. The underlying concern is how successful negotiations for peace and post-conflict can be reached with the help of different stakeholders, such as the diaspora. Diaspora communities are not only idealistic protesters but can also act as positive agents for the homeland and create practical solutions for stateless communities.
Geschäftsanfall der Gerichte in Thüringen 2003
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Justiz , Thüringen , Statistik
subject: 360

description: Die Justizgeschäftsstatistiken widerspiegeln die Arbeit der Gerichte und Staatsanwaltschaften. Es werden der Geschäftsanfall, die Geschäftsentwicklung und Angaben zur Rechtsprechung bei den ordentlichen Gerichten, Fachgerichten sowie Staatsanwaltschaften erfasst und aufbereitet. In Thüringen wurden die Geschäftsstatistiken im Bereich der Rechtspflege mit den Familien- und Arbeitsrechtssachen im Jahr 1991 eingeführt. Im Jahr 1993 erfolgte die erstmalige Erhebung der Statistiken im Zivil-, Straf- und Verwaltungsrecht, der Staatsanwaltschaften sowie der Rehabilitierungsverfahren, 1994 die der Finanzgerichtsbarkeit. Alle im vorliegenden Bericht aufgeführten Justizgeschäftstatistiken basieren auf jeweiligen Anordnungen des Thüringer Justizministeriums.
Geschäftsanfall der Gerichte in Thüringen 2005
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Justiz , Thüringen , Statistik
subject: 360

description: Die Strafvollzugsstatistik erfasst die Gefangenen und Verwahrten in den Justizvollzugsanstalten auf der Grundlage ihres so genannten Buchwerkes, getrennt für Männer und Frauen sowie im offenen und geschlossenen Vollzug einschließlich Jugendstrafvollzug. Thüringen verfügt zur Zeit über insgesamt fünf Justizvollzugsanstalten sowie eine Jugendstrafanstalt und eine Jugendarrestanstalt. Außerdem besteht bei vier Justizvollzugsanstalten und der Jugendstrafanstalt eine Abteilung des offenen Vollzugs. Weibliche Strafgefangene in den Justizvollzugsanstalten Thüringens werden nur bis zum Jahre 1994 gesondert nachgewiesen. Ab 1995 werden die weiblichen Gefangenen auf der Grundlage einer Vereinbarung zwischen den Freistaaten Sachsen und Thüringen zum Vollzug der Freiheitsstrafe vorwiegend nach Sachsen verlegt. Rechtsgrundlage dieser Erhebung sind die Nummern 72 Abs. 1-3 und 73 der Vollzugsgeschäftsordnung (VGO). Zum Stichtag 31. März eines jeden Jahres werden Strukturdaten nach verschiedenen demographischen und kriminilogischen Aspekten aller wegen Verbüßung einer Freiheitsstrafe ( einschließlich Ersatzfreiheitsstrafe ) oder Jugendstrafe einsitzenden Gefangenen erfasst. Erste Veröffentlichungen dazu erfolgten im Februar 1995 für die Berichtsjahre 1991 bis 1994. Im vorliegenden Bericht werden diese Ergebnisse für das Jahr 2006 dokumentiert. Weitere Veröffentlichungen erscheinen im September eines jeden Jahres. Alle im Laufe eines Jahres eingewiesenen und entlassenen Personen ( Gefangenenbewegung ) werden in einem gesonderten statistischen Bericht jeweils im Februar eines jeden Jahres veröffentlicht.
GMSB at a stable vacuum and MSSM without exotics from heterotic string
Creators: name: Kim, Jihn E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that it is possible to introduce the confining hidden sector gauge group SU(5)' with the chiral matter 10 plus 5-bar, which are neutral under the standard model gauge group, toward a gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB) in a Z_{12-I} orbifold compactification of E_8xE_8 heterotic string. Three families of MSSM result without exotics. We also find a desirable matter parity P (or R-parity) assignment. We note that this model contains the spectrum of the Lee-Weinberg model which has a nice solution of the mu problem.
description: 17 pages, references and DOI added