cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
(958) James Craig
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary Material 1 from Low connectivity between shallow, mesophotic and rariphotic zone benthos.
Creators: name: Stefanoudis, Paris V.
name: Rivers, Molly
name: Smith, Struan R.
name: Schneider, Craig W.
name: Wagner, Daniel
name: Ford, Helen
name: Rogers, Alex D.
name: Woodall, Lucy C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Detailed survey design.
Generalised Gibbs Ensemble for spherically constrained harmonic models
Creators: name: Barbier, Damien
name: Cugliandolo, Leticia F.
name: Lozano, Gustavo S.
name: Nessi, Nicolás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We build and analytically calculate the Generalised Gibbs Ensemble partition function of the integrable Soft Neumann Model. This is the model of a classical particle which is constrained to move, on average over the initial conditions, on an $N$ dimensional sphere, and feels the effect of anisotropic harmonic potentials. We derive all relevant averaged static observables in the (thermodynamic) $N\rightarrow\infty$ limit. We compare them to their long-term dynamic averages finding excellent agreement in all phases of a non-trivial phase diagram determined by the characteristics of the initial conditions and the amount of energy injected or extracted in an instantaneous quench. We discuss the implications of our results for the proper Neumann model in which the spherical constraint is imposed strictly.
description: 76 pages, 19 figures
Effect of the T parameter on the model results from Fertility signalling games: should males obey the signal?
Creators: name: Kovalov, Viktor
name: Kokko, Hanna
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Results of the model for different values of T parameter (time to oestrus when signalling starts). Two other parameters are constant, c = 0.01 and tau = 0.05. Scenario 0 models d and D males being equally competitive in situations involving sperm competition. Scenario 1 assumes D males having a competitive advantage in situations involving sperm competition. X axis – proportion of S females, y axis – proportion of D males. Colours separate regions where the currently winning strategies (that are predicted to increase in frequency) are {s,d} (black), {s,D} (rose-coloured), {S,d} (olive-green), and {S,D} (white), with arrows aiding the interpretation, space-permitting. Figure shows that the model is relatively insensitive to the variation in T.
Topological multiferroic order in twisted transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers
Creators: name: Haavisto, Mikael
name: Lado, J. L.
name: Fumega, Adolfo O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Layered van der Waals materials have risen as powerful platforms to artificially engineer correlated states of matter. Here we show the emergence of a multiferroic order in a twisted dichalcogenide bilayer superlattice at quarter-filling. We show that the competition between Coulomb interactions leads to the simultaneous emergence of ferrimagnetic and ferroelectric orders. We derive the magnetoelectric coupling for this system, which leads to a direct strong coupling between the charge and spin orders. We show that, due to intrinsic spin-orbit coupling effects, the electronic structure shows a non-zero Chern number, thus displaying a topological multiferroic order. We show that this topological state gives rise to interface modes at the different magnetic and ferroelectric domains of the multiferroic. We demonstrate that these topological modes can be tuned with external electric fields as well as triggered by supermoire effects generated by a substrate. Our results put forward twisted van der Waals materials as a potential platform to explore multiferroic symmetry breaking orders and, ultimately, controllable topological excitations in magnetoelectric domains.
description: Submission to SciPost, 6 figures
Supplementary Table 3 from Low connectivity between shallow, mesophotic and rariphotic zone benthos
Creators: name: Stefanoudis, Paris V.
name: Rivers, Molly
name: Smith, Struan R.
name: Schneider, Craig W.
name: Wagner, Daniel
name: Ford, Helen
name: Rogers, Alex D.
name: Woodall, Lucy C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Percentage of variation explained by benthic cover and substratum composition in a distance-based multilinear model for megabenthic communities using presence/absence (P/A) and abundance (N) data.
Corrections Terms for the Thermodynamics of a Black Saturn
Creators: name: Faizal, Mir
name: Pourhassan, Behnam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we will analyze the effects of thermal fluctuations on the stability of a black Saturn. The entropy of the black Saturn will get corrected due to these thermal fluctuations. We will demonstrate that the correction term generated by these thermal fluctuations is a logarithmic term. Then we will use this corrected value of the entropy to obtain bounds for various parameters of the black Saturn. We will also analyze the thermodynamical stability of the black Saturn in presence of thermal fluctuations, using this corrected value of the entropy.
description: 15 pages, revised version has been accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B
Robust Event-Driven Interactions in Cooperative Multi-Agent Learning
Creators: name: Ornia, Daniel Jarne
name: Mazo, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We present an approach to reduce the communication required between agents in a Multi-Agent learning system by exploiting the inherent robustness of the underlying Markov Decision Process. We compute so-called robustness surrogate functions (off-line), that give agents a conservative indication of how far their state measurements can deviate before they need to update other agents in the system. This results in fully distributed decision functions, enabling agents to decide when it is necessary to update others. We derive bounds on the optimality of the resulting systems in terms of the discounted sum of rewards obtained, and show these bounds are a function of the design parameters. Additionally, we extend the results for the case where the robustness surrogate functions are learned from data, and present experimental results demonstrating a significant reduction in communication events between agents.
A criterion for testing hypotheses about the covariance function of a stationary Gaussian stochastic process
Creators: name: Kozachenko, Yuriy
name: Troshki, Viktor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a measurable stationary Gaussian stochastic process. A criterion for testing hypotheses about the covariance function of such a process using estimates for its norm in the space $L_p(\mathbb {T}),\,p\geq1$, is constructed.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.15559/15-VMSTA17 in the Modern Stochastics: Theory and Applications (https://www.i-journals.org/vtxpp/VMSTA) by VTeX (http://www.vtex.lt/)
Supplementary Material 1 from Low connectivity between shallow, mesophotic and rariphotic zone benthos
Creators: name: Stefanoudis, Paris V.
name: Rivers, Molly
name: Smith, Struan R.
name: Schneider, Craig W.
name: Wagner, Daniel
name: Ford, Helen
name: Rogers, Alex D.
name: Woodall, Lucy C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Detailed survey design.
Risk factors associated with prolonged neonatal intensive care unit stay after threatened late preterm birth*
Creators: name: Vladutiu, Catherine J.
name: Gyamfi-Bannerman, Cynthia
name: Boggess, Kim A.
name: Battarbee, Ashley N.
name: Manuck, Tracy A.
name: Glover, Angelica V.
name: Aliaga, Sofia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Objective: To identify risk factors associated with neonatal intermediate or intensive care unit (NICU) stay ≥ 3 days among women with threatened late preterm birth (PTB).
Study design: Secondary analysis of women with nonanomalous, singleton gestations enrolled in multicenter trial of betamethasone versus placebo for late PTB. Maternal and obstetric characteristics at time of presentation with threatened PTB were compared between those with and without NICU stay ≥3 days. Multivariable logistic regression identified risk factors for NICU stay ≥ 3 days.
Result: Of 2795 eligible mother-neonate dyads, 962 (34%) had NICU stay ≥3 days. Gestational age and fetal growth restriction as the reason for threatened PTB had the strongest association with NICU stay ≥3 days in the final model (AUC 0.76).
Conclusion: Maternal and obstetric characteristics at the time of admission for threatened late PTB should be considered when counseling patients about the probability of NICU stay ≥3 days.
Availability of palliative care services in Zambia: A nationwide provincial and tertiary hospital survey
Creators: name: Katundu, Katundu
name: Kapambwe, Sharon
name: Mershon, Claire-Helene
name: Sikombe, Kombatende
name: Matambo, Jane
name: Chibwesha, Carla J.
name: Lishimpi, Kennedy
name: Parham, Groesbeck P.
name: Bateman, Allen
name: Mwanahamuntu, Mulindi
name: Musonda, Agnes
name: Msadabwe, S. Citonje
name: Utter, Brigitte Frett
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: creasingly
need palliative care. While efforts are underway to grow Zambia’s palliative care system, the most
recent situational analysis of palliative care in Zambia, conducted in 2008, revealed substantial gaps in availability.
Methods: To provide an updated appraisal of breast and cervical cancer services in Zambia, including palliative
care, we conducted a nationwide provincial and tertiary hospital survey. All 9 provincial hospitals and the
University Teaching Hospital and Cancer Diseases Hospital in Lusaka Province participated (N=11). The survey
was conducted between August 2014 and January 2015 and administered in-person at each facility. Data regarding
the availability of inpatient, outpatient, and community-based palliative care services, palliative medications,
and psychosocial supports was obtained at each facility. The reported results are descriptive in nature.
Results: Although the need for palliative care services was recognized, many facilities (64%) lack palliative care
policies and only 18% offer palliative care in a coordinated program. The majority of services are only available
to inpatients and rarely include community-based programs. While all facilities had adequate supplies of acetaminophen,
82% reported unavailability of codeine and 45% reported no access to oral morphine.
Conclusions: This assessment confirms the dearth of palliative care services across Zambia. Less than half of its
provincial hospitals offer community- or home-based services and only 55% offer opioid analgesics. Immediate
and substantial improvements in policy, drug procurement and distribution, and service expansion are needed to
ensure high-quality palliative care is available throughout Zambia.
Enhanced Photovoltaic Performances of Graphene/Si Solar Cells by Insertion of an MoS2 Thin Film
Creators: name: Tsuboi, Yuka
name: Wang, Feijiu
name: Kozawa, Daichi
name: Funahashi, Kazuma
name: Mouri, Shinichiro
name: Miyauchi, Yuhei
name: Takenobu, Taishi
name: Matsuda, Kazunari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomically thin layered materials such as graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenides exhibit great potential as active materials in optoelectronic devices because of their high carrier-transporting properties and strong light-matter interactions. Here, we demonstrated that the photovoltaic performances of graphene/Si Schottky junction solar cells were significantly improved by inserting a chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown, large MoS2 thin-film layer. This layer functions as an effective passivation and electron-blocking/hole-transporting layer. We also demonstrated that the photovoltaic properties are enhanced with increasing number of graphene layers and decreasing thickness of the MoS2 layer. A high photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 11.1% was achieved with the optimized trilayer-graphene/MoS2/n-Si solar cell.
description: Main text: 24 pages, 5 figures; Supporting Information: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Consequences of a minimal length in a pseudo-complex extension of General Relativity
Creators: name: Maghlaoui, Leila
name: Hess, Peter O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of a minimal length are investigated within an algebraically extended theory of General Relativity (GR). Former attempts, to include a minimal length in GR are first resumed, with a conformal factor of the metric as a consequence. Effective potentials for various black hole masses (as ratios to the minimal length) are deduced. It is found that the existence of a minimal length has, for a small mass black hole, important effects on the effective potential near the event horizon, creating barriers which inhibit that particles can pass the event horizon. Further, a new limit for the minimal mass of a black hole is derive
description: 23 pages, 11 figures
Mesoscopic Structures Reveal the Network Between the Layers of Multiplex Datasets
Creators: name: Iacovacci, Jacopo
name: Wu, Zhihao
name: Bianconi, Ginestra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multiplex networks describe a large variety of complex systems, whose elements (nodes) can be connected by different types of interactions forming different layers (networks) of the multiplex. Multiplex networks include social networks, transportation networks or biological networks in the cell or in the brain. Extracting relevant information from these networks is of crucial importance for solving challenging inference problems and for characterizing the multiplex networks microscopic and mesoscopic structure. Here we propose an information theory method to extract the network between the layers of multiplex datasets, forming a "network of networks". We build an indicator function, based on the entropy of network ensembles, to characterize the mesoscopic similarities between the layers of a multiplex network and we use clustering techniques to characterize the communities present in this network of networks. We apply the proposed method to study the Multiplex Collaboration Network formed by scientists collaborating on different subjects and publishing in the Americal Physical Society (APS) journals. The analysis of this dataset reveals the interplay between the collaboration networks and the organization of knowledge in physics.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Would a rose by any other name really smell as sweet? Framing our work in infection prevention
Creators: name: Summerlin-Long, Shelley K.
name: DiBiase, Lauren M.
name: Weber, David J.
name: Buchanan, Mark O.
name: Sickbert-Bennett, Emily E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: To the Editor—From consumerism to politics to health care, the
way we label or frame an issue plays a huge role in how we
understand and respond to it. This is why we now shop for “preowned”
cars and “dried plums” rather than used cars and prunes
and buy “tall” (not small) coffees at Starbucks. Realtors are also
excellent at framing. A cottage home seems more marketable when
described as “cozy” or “charming” than as “tiny” or “cramped.”
Cognitive linguist and professor George Lakoff has pointed out
how critical framing is in politics as well, from how initiatives are
named (eg, “The Clear Skies Initiative” or “No Child Left Behind”)
to how concepts are described (eg, “drilling for oil” vs “exploring for
energy” or “undocumented workers” vs “illegal aliens”).
Density functional approach to quark matter with confinement and color superconductivity
Creators: name: Ivanytskyi, Oleksii
name: Blaschke, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel relativistic density-functional approach to modeling quark matter with a mechanism to mimic confinement. The quasiparticle treatment of quarks provides their suppression due to a large quark selfenergy already at the mean-field level. We demonstrate that our approach is equivalent to a chiral quark model with medium-dependent couplings. The dynamical restoration of the chiral symmetry is ensured by construction of the density functional. Supplemented with the vector repulsion and diquark pairing the model is applied to construct a hybrid quark-hadron EoS of cold compact-star matter. We study the connection of such a hybrid EoS with the stellar mass-radius relation and tidal deformability. The model results are compared to various observational constraints including the NICER radius measurement of PSR J0740+6620 and the tidal deformability constraint from GW170817. The model is shown to be consistent with the constraints, still allowing for further improvement by adjusting the vector repulsion and diquark pairing couplings.
description: Version accepted for publication in Physical Review D, 16 pages, 16 figures
A martingale bound for the entropy associated with a trimmed filtration on $\mathbb {R}^d$
Creators: name: Kulik, Alexei
name: Tymoshkevych, Taras
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Using martingale methods, we provide bounds for the entropy of a probability measure on $\mathbb {R}^d$ with the right-hand side given in a certain integral form. As a corollary, in the one-dimensional case, we obtain a weighted log-Sobolev inequality.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.15559/15-VMSTA16 in the Modern Stochastics: Theory and Applications (https://www.i-journals.org/vtxpp/VMSTA) by VTeX (http://www.vtex.lt/)
Supplemental File 1 from Embodied cognitive morphogenesis as a route to intelligent systems
Creators: name: Alicea, Bradly
name: Gordon, Richard
name: Parent, Jesse
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60199 Biochemistry and Cell Biology not elsewhere classified
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Glossary of Terms
(956) Elizabeth Anne Hornsby
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection due to contaminated hematopoietic stem-cell graft
Creators: name: Sickbert-Bennett, Emily E.
name: Brondon, Jennifer E.
name: Weber, David J.
name: Willis, Zachary I.
name: Kasow, Kimberly A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: To the Editor—The Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy and the American Association of Blood Banks publish guidelines to ensure the quality and safety of hematopoietic stem-cell (HSC) products. These HSC products are generally cultured after procurement by the collection facility and following processing at the transplant center. Reported contamination rates of HSC grafts range from 1% to 45%.  The clinical significance of infusion of contaminated HSC products is unclear. When fresh products are used, contamination is often not identified prior to HSC infusion. Bacterial contamination is not an absolute contraindication to HSC infusion, as options are limited following a myeloablative preparative regimen. In a review of 12 studies, 91% of contaminated grafts contained bacterial species of low pathogenicity (eg, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes). Of 26 patients who received grafts contaminated with highly pathogenic bacteria (eg, S. aureus), none developed symptoms or had a positive culture matching an organism found in the HSC graft. In prior reports of infections putatively caused by graft contamination, confirmation that the graft was the source of infection was based solely on the finding of identical species. Contrary to these prior reports, we present a case of catheter-related bloodstream infection with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus due to a contaminated HSC graft in which pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) confirmed that the graft and patient isolates were identical.
Noncommutative scalar quasinormal modes and quantization of entropy of a BTZ black hole
Creators: name: Gupta, Kumar S.
name: Harikumar, E.
name: Jurić, Tajron
name: Meljanac, Stjepan
name: Samsarov, Andjelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain an exact analytic expression for the quasinormal modes of a noncommutative massless scalar field in the background of a massive spinless BTZ black hole up to the first order in the deformation parameter. We also show that the equations of motion governing these quasinormal modes are identical in form to the equations of motion of a commutative massive scalar field in the background of a fictitious massive spinning BTZ black hole. This results hints at a duality between the commutative and noncommutative systems in the background of a BTZ black hole. Using the obtained results for quasinormal mode frequencies, the area and entropy spectra for the BTZ black hole in the presence of noncommutativity are calculated. In particular, the separations between the neighboring values of these spectra are determined and it is found that they are nonuniform. Therefore, it appears that the noncommutativity leads to a non-equispaced (discrete) area and entropy spectra.
description: 11 pages, improved version published in JHEP
Practical approaches to the estimation of the ruin probability in a risk model with additional funds
Creators: name: Mishura, Yuliya
name: Ragulina, Olena
name: Stroyev, Oleksandr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We deal with a generalization of the classical risk model when an insurance company gets additional funds whenever a claim arrives and consider some practical approaches to the estimation of the ruin probability. In particular, we get an upper exponential bound and construct an analogue to the De Vylder approximation for the ruin probability. We compare results of these approaches with statistical estimates obtained by the Monte Carlo method for selected distributions of claim sizes and additional funds.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.15559/15-VMSTA18 in the Modern Stochastics: Theory and Applications (https://www.i-journals.org/vtxpp/VMSTA) by VTeX (http://www.vtex.lt/)
Standard model anomalies: Lepton flavour non-universality, g-2 and W-mass
Creators: name: D'Alise, Alessandra
name: De Nardo, Guglielmo
name: Di Luca, Maria Grazia
name: Fabiano, Giuseppe
name: Frattulillo, Domenico
name: Gaudino, Giovanni
name: Iacobacci, Davide
name: Merola, Mario
name: Sannino, Francesco
name: Santorelli, Pietro
name: Vignaroli, Natascia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We critically analyze the body of results that hints to the existence of New Physics from possible violations of lepton universality observed by the LHCb experiment in the $μ/e$ ratios $R_{K}$ and $R_{K^*}$ to the $g-2$ lepton anomalies. The analysis begins with a theoretical, in depth, study of the $μ/e$ ratios $R_{K}$ and $R_{K^*}$ as well as the process $B_s \rightarrow μ^+ μ^-$. Here we consider the impact of complex Wilson coefficients and derive constraints on their imaginary and real parts. We then move to a comprehensive comparison with experimental results. We show that, by fitting a single Wilson coefficient, the deviations from the Standard Model are at the $4.7σ$ level when including only the hadronic insensitive observables while it increases to $6.1σ$ when including also the hadronic sensitive ones. When switching on all relevant Wilson coefficients and combining both hadronic sensitive and insensitive data into the fit, the deviation from the Standard Model peaks at $7.2σ$ and decreases at the $4.9σ$ level if we assume that the central values of $R_K$ and $R_{K^{\ast}}$ are taken to be unity. We further estimate other unaccounted for SM contributions and show that their inclusion still requires New Physics to fit the data. We then introduce the $g-2$ lepton anomalies as well as the most recent $W$-mass results. Different theoretical models are considered that can explain the discrepancies from the Standard Model. In the final part of our work we estimate the impact of the forthcoming data from LHCb (coming from LHC Run3) and Belle II, when it will have accumulated about $5~ab^{-1}$.
description: Final version to match the published one. References added, improved world average of the W-mass, long distance effects discussion improved for the hadronic sensitive observables
Compensated isocurvature perturbations in the curvaton model
Creators: name: He, Chen
name: Grin, Daniel
name: Hu, Wayne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial fluctuations in the relative number densities of particles, or isocurvature perturbations, are generally well constrained by cosmic microwave background (CMB) data. A less probed mode is the compensated isocurvature perturbation (CIP), a fluctuation in the relative number densities of cold dark matter and baryons. In the curvaton model, a subdominant field during inflation later sets the primordial curvature fluctuation $ζ$. In some curvaton-decay scenarios, the baryon and cold dark matter isocurvature fluctuations nearly cancel, leaving a large CIP correlated with $ζ$. This correlation can be used to probe these CIPs more sensitively than the uncorrelated CIPs considered in past work, essentially by measuring the squeezed bispectrum of the CMB for triangles whose shortest side is limited by the sound horizon. Here, the sensitivity of existing and future CMB experiments to correlated CIPs is assessed, with an eye towards testing specific curvaton-decay scenarios. The planned CMB Stage 4 experiment could detect the largest CIPs attainable in curvaton scenarios with more than 3$σ$ significance. The significance could improve if small-scale CMB polarization foregrounds can be effectively subtracted. As a result, future CMB observations could discriminate between some curvaton-decay scenarios in which baryon number and dark matter are produced during different epochs relative to curvaton decay. Independent of the specific motivation for the origin of a correlated CIP perturbation, cross-correlation of CIP reconstructions with the primary CMB can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of a CIP detection. For fully correlated CIPs the improvement is a factor of $\sim$2$-$3.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures, minor changes matching publication
Circumventing the Tender Process: Why PNG Should Be Cautious with the Administration of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Funds
Creators: name: Kabuni, Michael
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT: Dept. of Pacific Affairs, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University
Year: 2020

description: Under normal circumstances, the Public Finance Management Act 1995 (PFMA) in Papua New Guinea (PNG) mandates rigorous tendering processes to safeguard the proper use of public monies. To deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, the government’s declared state of emergency (SOE) from 22 March to 16 June 2020 allowed for the suspension of regular tendering processes, and on 12 June the National Pandemic Act 2020 (NPA) was passed. In the absence of the usual tendering processes during the SOE, Certificates of Inexpediency (COIs) — a provision under PMFA intended to circumvent the tendering process — were used. Additionally, the new NPA provides for the suspension of the PMFA if a pandemic is declared. Both COIs and the NPA bypass the tender processes that were set up to ensure transparency, and aggregate power to fewer individuals. This In Brief presents two cases where the use of a COI was found to be illegal because it did not occur during an SOE. Such examples of the past abuse of COIs can be applied to the provisions under the NPA, as the new legislation sets up similar methods to circumvent regular public procurement procedures.
Gate-controlled skyrmion and domain wall chirality
Creators: name: Fillion, Charles-Elie
name: Fischer, Johanna
name: Kumar, Raj
name: Fassatoui, Aymen
name: Pizzini, Stefania
name: Ranno, Laurent
name: Ourdani, Djoudi
name: Belmeguenai, Mohamed
name: Roussigné, Yves
name: Chérif, Salim-Mourad
name: Auffret, Stéphane
name: Joumard, Isabelle
name: Boulle, Olivier
name: Gaudin, Gilles
name: Buda-Prejbeanu, Liliana
name: Baraduc, Claire
name: Béa, Hélène
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic skyrmions are localized chiral spin textures, which offer great promise to store and process information at the nanoscale. In the presence of asymmetric exchange interactions, their chirality, which governs their dynamics, is generally considered as an intrinsic parameter set during the sample deposition. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate that a gate voltage can control this key parameter. We probe the chirality of skyrmions and chiral domain walls by observing the direction of their current-induced motion and show that a gate voltage can reverse it. This local and dynamical reversal of the chirality is due to a sign inversion of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction that we attribute to ionic migration of oxygen under gate voltage. Micromagnetic simulations show that the chirality reversal is a continuous transformation, in which the skyrmion is conserved. This control of chirality with 2 - 3 V gate voltage can be used for skyrmion-based logic devices, yielding new functionalities.
description: 4 figures
Unhealthy alcohol use and aspects of female reproductive health: a review of the literature and new cross-sectional analysis
Creators: name: Trennepohl, Christopher
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Alcohol consumption varies across the menstrual cycle; studies have, however, been inconsistent as to the exact pattern and contributing factors. We build on this fragmented literature by examining the association between unhealthy alcohol use and three elements of female reproductive health: premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms, hormonal contraceptive (HC) use, and HC side effects among college-age women. Regression analysis shows that HC use and the physical side effects of HC are associated with greater alcohol consumption. High risk drinking is also significantly associated with several mental health covariates including eating disorder pathology, BAS drive, BAS fun seeking, and sensitivity to reward.
Temperature-dependent transformation thermotics: From switchable thermal cloaks to macroscopic thermal diodes
Creators: name: Li, Ying
name: Shen, Xiangying
name: Wu, Zuhui
name: Huang, Junying
name: Chen, Yixuan
name: Ni, Yushan
name: Huang, Jiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The macroscopic control of ubiquitous heat flow remains poorly explored due to the lack of a fundamental theoretical method. Here, by establishing temperature-dependent transformation thermotics for treating materials whose conductivity depends on temperature, we show analytical and simulation evidence for switchable thermal cloaking and a macroscopic thermal diode based on the cloaking. The latter allows heat flow in one direction but prohibits the flow in the opposite direction, which is also confirmed by our experiments. Our results suggest that the temperature-dependent transformation thermotics could be a fundamental theoretical method for achieving macroscopic heat rectification, and provide guidance both for macroscopic control of heat flow and for the design of the counterparts of switchable thermal cloaks or macroscopic thermal diodes in other fields like seismology, acoustics, electromagnetics, or matter waves.
description: To be published in Phys. Rev. Lett. (2015); 15 pages, 4 figures
The Supersymmetric Neveu-Schwarz Branes of Non-Relativistic String Theory
Creators: name: Bergshoeff, Eric
name: Lahnsteiner, Johannes
name: Romano, Luca
name: Rosseel, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the basic Neveu-Schwarz (NS) brane solutions of non-relativistic string theory using longitudinal T-duality as a solution generating technique. Extending the NS background fields to a supergravity multiplet, we verify that all solutions we find are half-supersymmetric. The two perturbative solutions we find both have an interpretation as the background geometry outside a string-like object. Correspondingly, we refer to these non-Lorentzian backgrounds as winding string and unwound string solution. Whereas the winding string is part of the on-shell spectrum of non-relativistic string theory, the unwound string only makes sense off-shell where it mediates the instantaneous gravitational force. Seen from the nine-dimensional point of view, we find that the winding string solution is sourced by a non-relativistic massive particle and that the unwound string solution is sourced by a massless Galilean particle of zero colour and spin. We explain how these two string solutions fit into a discrete lightcone quantization of string theory. We shortly discuss the basic NS five-brane and Kaluza-Klein monopole solutions and show that they are both half-supersymmetric.
description: 33 pages
Private life and surveillance in the internet: The age of post-privacy
Creators: name: Demertzis, Nicolas
name: Mandenaki, Katerina
name: Tsekeris, Charalambos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: World Internet Project; privacy; surveillance; COVID-19

description: The digital world is a field of entertainment and information for users and a mining field of one of the most valuable goods as it has been formed in recent years: personal data. How much of a threat to privacy is the collection and processing of data by third parties? How much can this violation contribute to the formation of problematic social situations? On the occasion of the extensive methods of surveillance and data collection of citizens in the global crisis of COVID-19 this study presents the data of the recent international research on the use of the Internet by the World Internet Project on attitudes and behaviors of individuals regarding online privacy and surveillance. The aim is to trace whether and to what extent the recorded concern about the violation of privacy intersects with an expanding acceptance of its absence.
description: Cited as: Δεμερτζής, Ν., Μανδενάκη, Κ., & Τσέκερης, Χ. (2020). Ιδιωτική ζωή και επιτήρηση στο Διαδίκτυο: Η εποχή της μετα-ιδιωτικότητας (Κείμενο Εργασίας Νο. 2020/32). Αθήνα: Εθνικό Κέντρο Κοινωνικών Ερευνών (ISSN 1108-1732). https://www.ekke.gr/services/publication/idiotiki-zoi-kai-epitirisi-sto-diadiktio-i-epochi-tis-meta-idiotikotitas
Dynamical generation and detection of entanglement in neutral leviton pairs
Creators: name: Dasenbrook, David
name: Flindt, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The entanglement of coherently split electron-hole pairs in an electronic conductor is typically not considered accessible due to particle number conservation and fermionic super-selection rules. We demonstrate here that current cross-correlation measurements at the outputs of an electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer can nevertheless provide a robust witness of electron-hole entanglement. Specifically, we consider neutral excitations generated by modulating the transmission of an unbiased quantum point contact periodically in time. For an optimized modulation profile, an entangled state with one positively-charged leviton (a hole) and one negatively-charged leviton (an electron) gets delocalized over the two paths of the interferometer and is detected at the output arms. We evaluate the influence of finite electronic temperatures and dephasing corresponding to recent experiments.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 page of Supplemental Material
Interpreting electroweak precision data including the $W$-mass CDF anomaly
Creators: name: Strumia, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a global fit of electroweak data, finding that the anomaly in the $W$ mass claimed by the CDF collaboration can be reproduced as a universal new-physics correction to the $T$ parameter or $| H^\dagger D_μH|^2$ operator. Contributions at tree-level from multi-TeV new physics can fit the anomaly compatibly with collider bounds: we explore which scalar vacuum expectation values (such as a triplet with zero hypercharge), $Z'$ vectors (such as a $Z'$ coupled to the Higgs only), little-Higgs models or higher-dimensional geometries provide good global fits. On the other hand, new physics that contributes at loop-level must be around the weak scale to fit the anomaly. Thereby it generically conflicts with collider bounds, that can be bypassed assuming special kinematics like quasi-degenerate particles that decay into Dark Matter (such as an inert Higgs doublet or appropriate supersymmetric particles).
description: 18 pages, 8 figures. v2: expanded discussion; webinar presentation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrV2MyxQJnA. v3: new top mass from CMS and new strong LHC bounds on $W,Y$ oblique parameters. v4: expanded discussion; final version to appear on JHEP; results unchanged but I now fit CDF only rather than the average of all W-mass measurements
Supplementary methods, figures, and tables from Interspecific hybridization explains rapid gorget colour divergence in Heliodoxa hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae)
Creators: name: Eliason, Chad M.
name: Cooper, Jacob C.
name: Hackett, Shannon J.
name: Zahnle, Erica
name: Pequeño Saco, Tatiana Z.
name: Maddox, Joseph Dylan
name: Hains, Taylor
name: Hauber, Mark E.
name: Bates, John M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 90301 Biomaterials
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: Hybridization is a known source of morphological, functional and communicative signal novelty in many organisms. Although diverse mechanisms of established novel ornamentation have been identified in natural populations, we lack an understanding of hybridization effects across levels of biological scales and upon phylogenies. Hummingbirds display diverse structural colours resulting from coherent light scattering by feather nanostructures. Given the complex relationship between feather nanostructures and the colours they produce, intermediate coloration does not necessarily imply intermediate nanostructures. Here, we characterize nanostructural, ecological and genetic inputs in a distinctive Heliodoxa hummingbird from the foothills of eastern Peru. Genetically, this individual is closely allied with Heliodoxa branickii and Heliodoxa gularis, but it is not identical to either when nuclear data are assessed. Elevated interspecific heterozygosity further suggests it is a hybrid backcross to H. branickii. Electron microscopy and spectrophotometry of this unique individual reveal key nanostructural differences underlying its distinct gorget colour, confirmed by optical modelling. Phylogenetic comparative analysis suggests that the observed gorget coloration divergence from both parentals to this individual would take 6.6–10 My to evolve at the current rate within a single hummingbird lineage. These results emphasize the mosaic nature of hybridization and suggest that hybridization may contribute to the structural colour diversity found across hummingbirds.
Asymptotics for functionals of powers of a periodogram
Creators: name: Sakhno, Lyudmyla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present large sample properties and conditions for asymptotic normality of linear functionals of powers of the periodogram constructed with the use of tapered data.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.15559/15-VMSTA15 in the Modern Stochastics: Theory and Applications (https://www.i-journals.org/vtxpp/VMSTA) by VTeX (http://www.vtex.lt/)
(953) Isabella Eleanor Hornsby
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Phenomenological Analysis of the Decay $B^{\pm}\to K^{\pm} p {\bar p}
Creators: name: Di Salvo, Elvio
name: Fontanelli, Flavio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a parametrization for intepreting some of the presently available data of the $B^{\pm} \to K^{\pm} p {\bar p}$ decay, in particular those by LHCb and Belle collaborations. The model is inspired by the well-known current and transition contributions, usually assumed in this kind of decay. However, in the light of considerations about the dominant graphs and about final state interactions, we modify some parameters of the model, determining them by means of a best fit to data. We show the results, which we discuss in some detail. Moreover we give some predictions on other observables relative to the decays.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures in EPJC 2015
(954) George Richard Mort Hornsby
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Learning hyperelastic anisotropy from data via a tensor basis neural network
Creators: name: Fuhg, Jan N.
name: Bouklas, Nikolaos
name: Jones, Reese E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anisotropy in the mechanical response of materials with microstructure is common and yet is difficult to assess and model. To construct accurate response models given only stress-strain data, we employ classical representation theory, novel neural network layers, and L1 regularization. The proposed tensor-basis neural network can discover both the type and orientation of the anisotropy and provide an accurate model of the stress response. The method is demonstrated with data from hyperelastic materials with off-axis transverse isotropy and orthotropy, as well as materials with less well-defined symmetries induced by fibers or spherical inclusions. Both plain feed-forward neural networks and input-convex neural network formulations are developed and tested. Using the latter, a polyconvex potential can be established, which, by satisfying the growth condition can guarantee the existence of boundary value problem solutions.
description: 36 pages, 20 figures