cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Work extraction from coherently activated maps via quantum switch
Creators: name: Simonov, Kyrylo
name: Francica, Gianluca
name: Guarnieri, Giacomo
name: Paternostro, Mauro
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum channels
subject: Quantum control
subject: Quantum thermodynamics
subject: Spacetime topology & causal structure
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: We characterize the impact that the application of two maps in a quantum-controlled order has on the process of work extraction via unitary cycles and its optimization. The control is based on the quantum switch model that applies maps in an order not necessarily compatible with the underlying causal structure and, in principle, can be implemented experimentally. First, we show that the activation of quantum maps through the quantum switch model always entails a non-negative gain in ergotropy compared to their consecutive application. We also establish a condition that the maps should fulfill in order to achieve a nonzero ergotropic gain. We then perform a thorough analysis of maps applied to a two-level system and provide general conditions for achieving a positive gain on the incoherent part of ergotropy. Our results are illustrated with several examples and applied to qubit and d-dimensional quantum systems. In particular, we demonstrate that a nonzero work can be extracted from a system thermalized by two coherently controlled reservoirs.
Additional file 3: of Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a dengue virus serotype 3 isolated from a Chinese traveler returned from Laos
Creators: name: Mo, Ling
name: Shi, Jiandong
name: Guo, Xiaofang
name: Zeng, Zhaoping
name: Hu, Ningzhu
name: Sun, Jing
name: Wu, Meini
name: Zhou, Hongning
name: Hu, Yunzhang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Table S3. Sequence information used in E gene phylogenetic tree construction. (DOC 88Â kb)
Towards topological fixed-point models beyond gappable boundaries
Creators: name: Bauer, Andreas
name: Eisert, Jens
name: Wille, Carolin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Exotic phases of matter
subject: Topological materials
subject: Topological phases of matter
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: We consider fixed-point models for topological phases of matter formulated as discrete path integrals in the language of tensor networks. Such zero-correlation length models with an exact notion of topological invariance are known in the mathematical community as state-sum constructions or lattice topological quantum field theories. All of the established ansatzes for fixed-point models imply the existence of a gapped boundary as well as a commuting-projector Hamiltonian. Thus, they fail to capture topological phases without a gapped boundary or commuting-projector Hamiltonian, most notably chiral topological phases in 2+1 dimensions. In this paper, we present a more general fixed-point ansatz not affected by the aforementioned restrictions. Thus, our formalism opens up a possible way forward towards a microscopic fixed-point description of chiral phases and we present several strategies that may lead to concrete examples. Furthermore, we argue that our more general ansatz constitutes a universal form of topological fixed-point models, whereas established ansatzes are universal only for fixed-points of phases, which admit topological boundaries.
LEA Followers and Procurers Network LEA – N analysis and strategy
Creators: name: Wallin, Ellinor
name: Tideklev, Niklas
name: McLennan, Ashleigh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: learning technology, innovation procurement, procurer

description: This document is a mid-term report ( M12) on the progress of how to create a strong European buyers network in education based upon LEA task 2.4 and to fulfill the objective of gathering a criticial mass of procurers.  The buyers network will be named the LEA – Network or  in brief LEA – N.

Critical mass of procurers refers to the size the buyers network needs to reach in order to efficiently and competitively demonstrate that innovation procurement can rupture  traditional roles / systems towards innovation and create a positive impact on learning outcomes.  It  is also the size the procurers network should attain in order to sustain efficiency in challenging and steering the market towards its needs and providing simplfied future implementation of PCP / PPI in Education  on an EU level.

In LEA  no specific targeted amount of members is predefined, however, the critical mass of Member States represented is set to minimum 15 in order to guarantee a European coverage.   A LEA – N strategy was made in the LEA Baseliine ( D2.1)  to divide the creation of the network in two parts:

Creation of LEA Followers strategy M1 - 12

Creation of LEA – Network strategy M 12 – 24

This report describes  the outcome of the first part and provides a strategy for the second part.  Additionally the report provides a description of identfied and on- going innovation procurement process as Best Practice in Europe outside LEA .
Additional file 3 of Analysing the impact of the two most common SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein variants on interactions with membrane protein in silico
Creators: name: Quayum, Syeda Tasnim
name: Hasan, Saam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Supplementary File 1. – Docked complex between mutant N protein and M protein.
On measuring colloidal volume fractions
Creators: name: Poon, Wilson C. K.
name: Weeks, Eric R.
name: Royall, C. Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hard-sphere colloids are popular as models for testing fundamental theories in condensed matter and statistical physics, from crystal nucleation to the glass transition. A single parameter, the volume fraction (phi), characterizes an ideal, monodisperse hard-sphere suspension. In comparing experiments with theories and simulation, researchers to date have paid little attention to likely uncertainties in experimentally-quoted phi values. We critically review the experimental measurement of phi in hard-sphere colloids, and show that while statistical uncertainties in comparing relative values of phi can be as low as 0.0001, systematic errors of 3-6% are probably unavoidable. The consequences of this are illustrated by way of a case study comparing literature data sets on hard-sphere viscosity and diffusion.
description: 11 pages
Additional file 4 of Analysing the impact of the two most common SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein variants on interactions with membrane protein in silico
Creators: name: Quayum, Syeda Tasnim
name: Hasan, Saam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Supplementary File 2. – Docked complex between wild type N protein and M protein.
Tidal Dwarf Galaxies at Intermediate Redshifts
Creators: name: Wen, Zhang-Zheng
name: Zheng, Xian-Zhong
name: Zhao, Ying-He
name: Gao, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first attempt at measuring the production rate of tidal dwarf galaxies (TDGs) and estimating their contribution to the overall dwarf population. Using HST/ACS deep imaging data from GOODS and GEMS surveys in conjunction with photometric redshifts from COMBO-17 survey, we performed a morphological analysis for a sample of merging/interacting galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South and identified tidal dwarf candidates in the rest-frame optical bands. We estimated a production rate about 1.4 {\times} 10^{-5} per Gyr per comoving volume for long-lived TDGs with stellar mass 3 {\times} 10^{8-9} solar mass at 0.5
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Science
Euler and Süßmilch’s Population Growth Model
Creators: name: Pflaumer, Peter
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Population Projection
subject: Leslie Model
subject: Historical Demography
subject: Matrix Model
subject: 310
subject: Bevölkerungsentwicklung
subject: Bevölkerungsgeschichte

description: In 1761, the German demographer Johann Peter Süßmilch published a simple population growth model that starts with a couple, in the eighth chapter of his book "Die göttliche Ordnung". With the help of the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler, he projected the population for 300 years. He demonstrated that after that time the population will be growing approximately geometrically. In this paper, the population projection of Euler and Süßmilch is reanalyzed using matrix algebra. Graphs and tables show the time series of the population and its growth rates. Age structures of selected years are presented. The solution of the projection equation is derived. It is shown that the projection model can be described by a geometric trend model which is superimposed by six cyclical components. In the long run, the population time series can be explained quite well by the sum of only two components, the trend component and one component with explosive cycles of a period of about 24 years. In the very long run, the influence of the cyclical component diminishes, and the series can be solely explained by its geometric trend component, as has been also recognized by Euler and Süßmilch.
Periodically refreshed quantum thermal machines
Creators: name: Purkayastha, Archak
name: Guarnieri, Giacomo
name: Campbell, Steve
name: Prior, Javier
name: Goold, John
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: quantum thermal machines
subject: QTM
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: We introduce unique class of cyclic quantum thermal machines (QTMs) which can maximize their performance at the finite value of cycle duration τ where they are most irreversible. These QTMs are based on single-stroke thermodynamic cycles realized by the non-equilibrium steady state (NESS) of the so-called Periodically Refreshed Baths (PReB) process. We find that such QTMs can interpolate between standard collisional QTMs, which consider repeated interactions with single-site environments, and autonomous QTMs operated by simultaneous coupling to multiple macroscopic baths. We discuss the physical realization of such processes and show that their implementation requires a finite number of copies of the baths. Interestingly, maximizing performance by operating in the most irreversible point as a function of τ comes at the cost of increasing the complexity of realizing such a regime, the latter quantified by the increase in the number of copies of baths required. We demonstrate this physics considering a simple example. We also introduce an elegant description of the PReB process for Gaussian systems in terms of a discrete-time Lyapunov equation. Further, our analysis also reveals interesting connections with Zeno and anti-Zeno effects.
Multi-operator colligations and multivariate characteristic functions
Creators: name: Neretin, Yury A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A48, 47A13, 22E65, 14L24, 32M15

description: In the spectral theory of non-self-adjoint operators there is a well-known operation of product of operator colligations. Many similar operations appear in the theory of infinite-dimensional groups as multiplications of double cosets. We construct characteristic functions for such double cosets and get semigroups of matrix-valued functions in matrix balls.
description: 15pp
Association between DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA Allele Status and Striatal Dopamine D2/3 Receptor Availability in Alcohol Use Disorder
Creators: name: Spitta, Gianna
name: Fliedner, Lena E.
name: Gleich, Tobias
name: Zindler, Tristan
name: Sebold, Miriam
name: Buchert, Ralph
name: Heinz, Andreas
name: Gallinat, Jürgen
name: Friedel, Eva
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: alcohol use disorder
subject: dopamine D2 and D3 receptor availability
subject: DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA allele status
subject: 18F-fallypride PET
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: The association between blunted dopaminergic neurotransmission and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is well-known. In particular, the impairment of postsynaptic dopamine 2 and 3 receptors (DRD2/3) in the ventral and dorsal striatum during the development and maintenance of alcohol addiction has been investigated in several positron emission tomography (PET) studies. However, it is unclear whether these changes are the result of adaptation or genetic predisposition. Methods: Here we investigated the association between DRD2/ankyrin repeat and kinase domain-containing 1 (ANKK1) TaqIA allele (rs1800497) status and striatal DRD2/3 availability measured by 18F-fallypride PET in 12 AUD patients and 17 sex-matched healthy controls. Age and smoking status were included as covariates. Results: Contrary to our expectations, TaqIA allele status was not associated with striatal DRD2/3 availability in either group and there was no significant difference between groups, possibly due to the relatively small sample size (N = 29). Conclusions: Nonetheless, this is the first in vivo study investigating the relationship between dopamine receptor availability and genetic factors in AUD. The pitfalls of assessing such relationships in a relatively small sample are discussed. Clinical Trial Registration: The published analysis is an additional, post hoc analysis to the preregistered trial with clinical trial number NCT01679145 available on https://clinical - trials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01679145.
Social evaluation and imitation of prosocial and antisocial agents in infants, children, and adults
Creators: name: Vaporova, Elena
name: Zmyj, Norbert
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Infants
subject: Prosocial behavior
subject: Children
subject: Age groups
subject: Metaanalysis
subject: Replication studies
subject: Psychological attitudes
subject: Imitation
subject: 150
subject: Kleinkind
subject: Prosoziales Verhalten
subject: Metaanalyse
subject: Replikation
subject: Modelllernen

description: The question of whether infants prefer prosocial agents over antisocial agents is contentious. Therefore, the first goal of the present study was to replicate previous findings regarding infants’ preference. The second goal was to assess whether infants are more likely to imitate a prosocial agent than an antisocial agent. We tested 9-month-old, 14-month-old, and 4-year-old children. The study used the “opening a box to get a toy” paradigm in which an animal puppet is trying unsuccessfully to open a box and is either helped by a prosocial puppet or hindered by an antisocial puppet. We presented these social events via video, and subsequently administered an imitation task. As an additional control, adults were asked to describe the videos showing the prosocial and antisocial agent. Although most adults were able to identify both agents, the three age groups of children did not prefer the prosocial agent over the antisocial agent, and were not more likely to imitate the prosocial agent. The lack of differences might be explained by methodological issues or by a lack of robustness of the effect.
description: PLoS one;
Computational power of one- and two-dimensional dual-unitary quantum circuits
Creators: name: Suzuki, Ryotaro
name: Mitarai, Kosuke
name: Fujii, Keisuke
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: quantum circuits
subject: quantum computation
subject: dual-unitary quantum circuits (DUQCs)
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: Quantum circuits that are classically simulatable tell us when quantum computation becomes less powerful than or equivalent to classical computation. Such classically simulatable circuits are of importance because they illustrate what makes universal quantum computation different from classical computers. In this work, we propose a novel family of classically simulatable circuits by making use of dual-unitary quantum circuits (DUQCs), which have been recently investigated as exactly solvable models of non-equilibrium physics, and we characterize their computational power. Specifically, we investigate the computational complexity of the problem of calculating local expectation values and the sampling problem of one-dimensional DUQCs, and we generalize them to two spatial dimensions. We reveal that a local expectation value of a DUQC is classically simulatable at an early time, which is linear in a system length. In contrast, in a late time, they can perform universal quantum computation, and the problem becomes a BQP-complete problem. Moreover, classical simulation of sampling from a DUQC turns out to be hard.
Molecular mechanisms of methane hydrate dissociation and inhibition
Creators: name: Bagherzadeh Hosseini, Seyyed Alireza
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Gas hydrates are crystalline compounds with cage-like structures formed by hydrogen-bonded water molecules hosting guest molecules such as light hydrocarbons and CO₂. They are known to: • represent a potential reserve of natural gas embedded in seabed and permafrost sediments • pose a flow assurance challenge to the oil and gas industry Molecular dynamics simulations are employed to study the processes of gas hydrate decomposition and inhibition. To mimic the porous environment of the real gas hydrate reservoirs, hydroxylated silica surfaces are included in the simulations and placed in contact with hydrate and water. Water molecules wet the silica surfaces and form a meniscus, confirming the hydrophilic properties of the hydroxylated silica surface. It is found that the silica surface alters the characteristics of the confined water up to ~6 Å away from the surface. The decomposition of methane hydrate in the presence of silica surfaces, 34 to 40 Å apart, follows a concerted behavior where layers of hydrate cages at the curved dissociation front collapse almost simultaneously. The rate of hydrate dissociation in contact with a silica surface is faster compared to that of a hydrate phase just in contact with bulk water. Additionally, the decomposition leads to the formation of methane-rich regions (nano-bubbles) in the liquid water phase. In more realistic simulations, gas reservoirs are added to the simulations to determine whether the formation of nano-bubbles is a general feature of the hydrate decomposition process. It is found that the nano-bubbles can form under simulation conditions where the dissociation rate is faster than the diffusion rate, thus generating dissolved methane mole fractions of greater than 0.044 that would lead to bubble nucleation. Finally, the binding mechanism of the alpha-helical 37 amino acid residue winter flounder antifreeze protein, which is a candidate as a kinetic hydrate inhibitor to methane hydrate, is determined to be the result of cooperative anchoring of the pendant methyl groups of the threonine and two alanine residues, four and seven places further down in the protein sequence, to the empty half cages at the hydrate surface.
Avoiding barren plateaus via transferability of smooth solutions in a Hamiltonian variational ansatz
Creators: name: Mele, Antonio Anna
name: Mbeng, Glen B.
name: Santoro, Giuseppe E.
name: Collura, Mario
name: Torta, Pietro
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Adiabatic quantum optimization
subject: Machine learning
subject: Quantum algorithms
subject: Quantum algorithms for chemical calculations
subject: Quantum gates
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: A large ongoing research effort focuses on variational quantum algorithms (VQAs), representing leading candidates to achieve computational speed-ups on current quantum devices. The scalability of VQAs to a large number of qubits, beyond the simulation capabilities of classical computers, is still debated. Two major hurdles are the proliferation of low-quality variational local minima, and the exponential vanishing of gradients in the cost-function landscape, a phenomenon referred to as barren plateaus. In this work, we show that by employing iterative search schemes, one can effectively prepare the ground state of paradigmatic quantum many-body models, also circumventing the barren plateau phenomenon. This is accomplished by leveraging the transferability to larger system sizes of a class of iterative solutions, displaying an intrinsic smoothness of the variational parameters, a result that does not extend to other solutions found via random-start local optimization. Our scheme could be directly tested on near-term quantum devices, running a refinement optimization in a favorable local landscape with nonvanishing gradients.
Temperature dependent local structure of NdFeAsO1-xFx system using arsenic K-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure
Creators: name: Joseph, Boby
name: Iadecola, Antonella
name: Malavasi, Lorenzo
name: Saini, Naurang L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Local structure of NdFeAsO$_{1-x}$F$_{x}$ ($x$=0.0, 0.05, 0.15 and 0.18) high temperature iron pnictide superconductor system is studied using arsenic $K$-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure measurements as a function of temperature. Fe-As bondlength shows only a weak temperature and F-substitution dependence, consistent with the strong covalent nature of this bond. The temperature dependence of the mean-square relative-displacements of the Fe-As bondlength are well described by the correlated-Einstein model for all the samples, but with different Einstein-temperatures for the superconducting and non-superconducting samples. The results indicate distinct local Fe-As lattice dynamics in the superconducting and non-superconducting iron-pnictide systems.
description: http://iopscience.iop.org/0953-8984/23/26/265701/
Spatial dependence in stock returns - Local normalization and VaR forecasts
Creators: name: Guhr, Thomas
name: Schäfer, Rudi
name: Schmitt, Thilo A.
name: Wied, Dominik
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 310
subject: 330
subject: 620

description: We analyze a recently proposed spatial autoregressive model for stock returns and compare it to a one-factor model and the sample covariance matrix. The influence of refinements to these covariance estimation methods is studied. We employ power mapping as a noise reduction technique for the correlations. Further, we address the empirically observed non-stationary behavior of stock returns. Local normalization strips the time series of changing trends and fluctuating volatilities. As an alternative method, we consider a GARCH fit. In the context of portfolio optimization, we find that the spatial model has the best match between the estimated and realized risk measures.
description: Discussion Paper / SFB 823;18/2013
Weighted genomic distance can hardly impose a bound on the proportion of transpositions
Creators: name: Jiang, Shuai
name: Alekseyev, Max A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Genomic distance between two genomes, i.e., the smallest number of genome rearrangements required to transform one genome into the other, is often used as a measure of evolutionary closeness of the genomes in comparative genomics studies. However, in models that include rearrangements of significantly different "power" such as reversals (that are "weak" and most frequent rearrangements) and transpositions (that are more "powerful" but rare), the genomic distance typically corresponds to a transformation with a large proportion of transpositions, which is not biologically adequate. Weighted genomic distance is a traditional approach to bounding the proportion of transpositions by assigning them a relative weight α > 1. A number of previous studies addressed the problem of computing weighted genomic distance with α \leq 2. Employing the model of multi-break rearrangements on circular genomes, that captures both reversals (modelled as 2-breaks) and transpositions (modelled as 3-breaks), we prove that for α \in (1,2], a minimum-weight transformation may entirely consist of transpositions, implying that the corresponding weighted genomic distance does not actually achieve its purpose of bounding the proportion of transpositions. We further prove that for α \in (1,2), the minimum-weight transformations do not depend on a particular choice of α from this interval. We give a complete characterization of such transformations and show that they coincide with the transformations that at the same time have the shortest length and make the smallest number of breakages in the genomes. Our results also provide a theoretical foundation for the empirical observation that for α < 2, transpositions are favored over reversals in the minimum-weight transformations.
description: The 15th Annual International Conference on Research in Computational Molecular Biology (RECOMB), 2011. (to appear)
Resource theory of quantum uncomplexity
Creators: name: Yunger Halpern, Nicole
name: Kothakonda, Naga B. T.
name: Haferkamp, Jonas
name: Munson, Anthony
name: Eisert, Jens
name: Faist, Philippe
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Complex systemsResource theories
subject: Computational complexity
subject: Entropy
subject: Quantum computation
subject: Quantum gravity
subject: Quantum information processing
subject: Quantum thermodynamics
subject: Resource theories
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: Quantum complexity is emerging as a key property of many-body systems, including black holes, topological materials, and early quantum computers. A state's complexity quantifies the number of computational gates required to prepare the state from a simple tensor product. The greater a state's distance from maximal complexity, or “uncomplexity,” the more useful the state is as input to a quantum computation. Separately, resource theories—simple models for agents subject to constraints—are burgeoning in quantum information theory. We unite the two domains, confirming Brown and Susskind's conjecture that a resource theory of uncomplexity can be defined. The allowed operations, fuzzy operations, are slightly random implementations of two-qubit gates chosen by an agent. We formalize two operational tasks, uncomplexity extraction and expenditure. Their optimal efficiencies depend on an entropy that we engineer to reflect complexity. We also present two monotones, uncomplexity measures that decline monotonically under fuzzy operations, in certain regimes. This work unleashes on many-body complexity the resource-theory toolkit from quantum information theory.
On the design and analysis of forest biomass to biofuel and bioenergy supply chains
Creators: name: Mobini Dehkordi, Mohammad Mahdi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: The efficient management of a diverse portfolio of resources is vital for sustainable economic growth in the bioenergy and biofuel sector. Considerable complexities and inherent uncertainties in supply and demand, and ever evolving technology for the utilization of biomass necessitate careful design and management of supply chains. Supply chain modelling is commonly implemented to develop “decision support tools” required in the planning of highly integrated, multi-faceted value-adding processes. This thesis demonstrates an object-oriented approach to simulate the supply chain of forest biomass to biofuel and bioenergy in three case studies in British Columbia, Canada. Three main sources of complexity, namely uncertainties, interdependencies, and resource constraints, are considered in system parameterization and model development. After verification and validation, the models are used as a representation of the system to conduct model-based analysis. The supply chain of forest biomass for large-scale power generation is considered in the first case study. Different harvesting systems are considered that are employed based on the limitations on the annual harvest volume, characteristics of the stand, and intended products. Reliability of feedstock supply over the project’s lifespan, and the delivered costs were subject of the analysis. Demand fulfilment at the power plant and the cost of raw materials depend on the realized harvest volume, dictated by the practice of primary wood processing facilities. The delivered cost to the plant shows an ascending trend during the planning horizon, further complicating the investment. The second case study concentrates on the wood pellets production and distribution supply chains; modifications in an existing system are evaluated through simulation, and assessment of integrating torrefaction into the chain is carried out. Torrefaction technology promises an opportunity to reduce the distribution cost of wood pellets in the presented case study, contingent on the market readiness and fluctuating prices. Combined heat and power generation is considered in the third case study where modifications to an existing supply chain are evaluated. Realization of the vast bioenergy and biofuel potentials in BC requires coordinated planning across the forest biomass supply chains, and simulation modeling provides valuable decision support tools to facilitate future investments.
Nonlinear atom interferometer surpasses classical precision limit
Creators: name: Gross, Christian
name: Zibold, Tilman
name: Nicklas, Eike
name: Esteve, Jerome
name: Oberthaler, Markus K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interference is fundamental to wave dynamics and quantum mechanics. The quantum wave properties of particles are exploited in metrology using atom interferometers, allowing for high-precision inertia measurements [1, 2]. Furthermore, the state-of-the-art time standard is based on an interferometric technique known as Ramsey spectroscopy. However, the precision of an interferometer is limited by classical statistics owing to the finite number of atoms used to deduce the quantity of interest [3]. Here we show experimentally that the classical precision limit can be surpassed using nonlinear atom interferometry with a Bose-Einstein condensate. Controlled interactions between the atoms lead to non-classical entangled states within the interferometer; this represents an alternative approach to the use of non-classical input states [4-8]. Extending quantum interferometry [9] to the regime of large atom number, we find that phase sensitivity is enhanced by 15 per cent relative to that in an ideal classical measurement. Our nonlinear atomic beam splitter follows the "one-axis-twisting" scheme [10] and implements interaction control using a narrow Feshbach resonance. We perform noise tomography of the quantum state within the interferometer and detect coherent spin squeezing with a squeezing factor of -8.2dB [11-15]. The results provide information on the many-particle quantum state, and imply the entanglement of 170 atoms [16].
The r-Process in Black Hole Winds
Creators: name: Wanajo, Shinya
name: Janka, Hans-Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All the current r-process scenarios relevant to core-collapse supernovae are facing severe difficulties. In particular, recent core-collapse simulations with neutrino transport show no sign of a neutron-rich wind from the proto-neutron star. In this paper, we discuss nucleosynthesis of the r-process in an alternative astrophysical site, "black hole winds", which are the neutrino-driven outflow from the accretion torus around a black hole. This condition is assumed to be realized in double neutron star mergers, neutron star - black hole mergers, or hypernovae.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, invited talk at OMEG10, March 2010, to be published in the proceedings of OMEG10 (AIP)
Coherent spin dynamics of electrons and holes inCsPbBr3perovskite crystals
Creators: name: Belykh, Vasilii V.
name: Yakovlev, Dmitri R.
name: Glazov, Mikhail M.
name: Grigoryev, Philipp S.
name: Hussain, Mujtaba
name: Rautert, Janina
name: Dirin, Dmitry N.
name: Kovalenko, Maksym V.
name: Bayer, Manfred
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar cells
subject: Spintronics
subject: 530
subject: Nanokristall
subject: Spintronik
subject: Solarzelle

description: The lead halide perovskites demonstrate huge potential for optoelectronic applications, high energy radiation detectors, light emitting devices and solar energy harvesting. Those materials exhibit strong spin-orbit coupling enabling efficient optical orientation of carrier spins in perovskite-based devices with performance controlled by a magnetic field. Here we show that elaborated time-resolved spectroscopy involving strong magnetic fields can be successfully used for perovskites. We perform a comprehensive study of high-quality lead halide perovskite CsPbBr3 crystals by measuring the exciton and charge carrier g-factors, spin relaxation times and hyperfine interaction of carrier and nuclear spins by means of coherent spin dynamics. Owing to their ‘inverted’ band structure, perovskites represent appealing model systems for semiconductor spintronics exploiting the valence band hole spins, while in conventional semiconductors the conduction band electrons are considered for spin functionality.
description: Nature communications;Vol. 10, S. 673-1-673-6
Single-component gradient rules for variational quantum algorithms
Creators: name: Hubregtsen, Thomas
name: Wilde, Frederik
name: Qasim, Shozab
name: Eisert, Jens
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: parameter-shift rule
subject: variational quantum algorithms
subject: gradient descent
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: Many near-term quantum computing algorithms are conceived as variational quantum algorithms, in which parameterized quantum circuits are optimized in a hybrid quantum–classical setup. Examples are variational quantum eigensolvers, quantum approximate optimization algorithms as well as various algorithms in the context of quantum-assisted machine learning. A common bottleneck of any such algorithm is constituted by the optimization of the variational parameters. A popular set of optimization methods work on the estimate of the gradient, obtained by means of circuit evaluations. We will refer to the way in which one can combine these circuit evaluations as gradient rules. This work provides a comprehensive picture of the family of gradient rules that vary parameters of quantum gates individually. The most prominent known members of this family are the parameter shift rule (PSR) and the finite differences method. To unite this family, we propose a generalized PSR that expresses all members of the aforementioned family as special cases, and discuss how all of these can be seen as providing access to a linear combination of exact first- and second-order derivatives. We further prove that a PSR with one non-shifted evaluation and only one shifted circuit evaluation does not exist, and introduce a novel perspective for approaching new gradient rules.
Electrostatic precipitation of submicron particles in a molten carrier
Creators: name: Dobrowolski, Adrian
name: Pieloth, Damian
name: Wiggers, Helmut
name: Thommes, Markus
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Electrostatic precipitation
subject: Spray drying
subject: Submicron particles
subject: Solubility
subject: Bioavailability
subject: Nanoparticles
subject: Solid dispersion
subject: 660
subject: Sprühtrocknung
subject: Nanopartikel

description: Recently, submicron particles have been discussed as a means to increase the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Separation of these small particles is done with both fibre and membrane filters, as well as electrostatic precipitators. A major disadvantage of an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is the agglomerate formation on the precipitation electrode. These agglomerates frequently show low bioavailability, due to the decreased specific surface area and poor wettability. In this work, a new melt electrostatic precipitator was developed and tested to convert submicron particles into a solid dispersion in order to increase the bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients. The submicron particles were generated by spray drying and transferred to the ESP, where the collection electrode is covered with a melt, which served as matrix after solidification. The newly developed melt electrostatic precipitator was able to collect isolated naproxen particles in a molten carrier. A solid naproxen xylitol dispersion was prepared, which showed a reduction of the dissolution time by 82%, and a release of 80% of the total drug, compared to the physical mixture.
description: Pharmaceutics;
Vacuum polarization by a flat boundary in cosmic string spacetime
Creators: name: de Mello, E. R. Bezerra
name: Saharian, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we analyze the vacuum expectation values of the field squared and the energy-momentum tensor associated to a massive scalar field in a higher dimensional cosmic string spacetime, obeying Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions on the surface orthogonal to the string. In order to develop this analysis the corresponding Green function is obtained. The Green function is given by the sum of two expressions: the first one corresponds to the standard Green function in the boundary-free cosmic string spacetime and the second contribution is induced by the boundary. The boundary induced parts have opposite signs for Dirichlet and Neumann scalars. Because the analysis of vacuum polarization effects in the boundary-free cosmic string spacetime have been developed in the literature, here we are mainly interested in the calculations of the effects induced by the boundary. In this way closed expressions for the corresponding expectation values are provided, as well as their asymptotic behavior in different limiting regions is investigated. We show that the non-trivial topology due to the cosmic string enhances the boundary induced vacuum polarization effects for both field squared and the energy-momentum tensor, compared to the case of a boundary in Minkowski spacetime. The presence of the cosmic string induces non-zero stress along the direction normal to the boundary. The corresponding vacuum force acting on the boundary is investigated.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
Quirks at the Tevatron and Beyond
Creators: name: Harnik, Roni
name: Kribs, Graham D.
name: Martin, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the physics and collider phenomenology of quirks that transform nontrivially under QCD color, SU(2)_W as well as an SU(N)_{ic} infracolor group. Our main motivation is to show that the recent Wjj excess observed by CDF naturally arises in quirky models. The basic pattern is that several different quirky states can be produced, some of which beta-decay during or after spin-down, leaving the lightest electrically neutral quirks to hadronize into a meson that subsequently decays into gluon jets. We analyze LEP II, Tevatron, UA2, and electroweak precision constraints, identifying the simplest viable models: scalar quirks ("squirks") transforming as color triplets, SU(2)_W triplets and singlets, all with vanishing hypercharge. We calculate production cross sections, weak decay, spin-down, meson decay rates, and estimate efficiencies. The novel features of our quirky model includes: quirkonium decay proceeds into a pair of gluon jets, without a b-jet component; there is essentially no associated Zjj or gamma+jj signal; and there are potentially new (parameter-dependent) contributions to dijet production, multi-W production plus jets, W+gamma, gamma+gamma resonance signals, and monojet signals. There may be either underlying event from low energy QCD deposition resulting from quirky spin-down, and/or qualitatively modified event kinematics from infraglueball emission.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Limitations of nearest-neighbor quantum networks
Creators: name: Hahn, Frederik
name: Dahlberg, A.
name: Eisert, Jens
name: Pappa, A.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Entanglement manipulation
subject: Quantum communication
subject: Quantum entanglement
subject: Quantum information theory
subject: Quantum networks
subject: Quantum repeaters
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: Quantum communication research has in recent years shifted to include multipartite networks for which questions of quantum network routing naturally emerge. To understand the potential for multipartite routing, we focus on the most promising architectures for future quantum networks—those connecting nodes close to each other. Nearest-neighbor networks, such as rings, lines, and grids, have been studied under different communication scenarios to facilitate the sharing of quantum resources especially in the presence of bottlenecks. We analyze the potential of nearest-neighbor entangling gate quantum networks and identify some serious limitations by demonstrating that rings and lines cannot overcome common bottleneck communication problems.
Training quantum embedding kernels on near-term quantum computers
Creators: name: Hubregtsen, Thomas
name: Wierichs, David
name: Gil-Fuster, Elies
name: Derks, Peter-Jan H. S.
name: Faehrmann, Paul K.
name: Meyer, Johannes Jakob
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine learning
subject: Quantum algorithms
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: Kernel methods are a cornerstone of classical machine learning. The idea of using quantum computers to compute kernels has recently attracted attention. Quantum embedding kernels (QEKs), constructed by embedding data into the Hilbert space of a quantum computer, are a particular quantum kernel technique that is particularly suitable for noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. Unfortunately, kernel methods face three major problems: Constructing the kernel matrix has quadratic computational complexity in the number of training samples, choosing the right kernel function is nontrivial, and the effects of noise are unknown. In this work, we addressed the latter two. In particular, we introduced the notion of trainable QEKs, based on the idea of classical model optimization methods. To train the parameters of the QEK, we proposed the use of kernel-target alignment. We verified the feasibility of this method, and showed that for our experimental setup we could reduce the training error significantly. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of device and finite sampling noise, and we evaluated various mitigation techniques numerically on classical hardware. We took the best performing strategy and evaluated it on data from a real quantum processing unit. We found that using this mitigation strategy demonstrated an increased kernel matrix quality.
Relevanz, Wandel und Anforderungen wissenschaftlicher Politikberatung in der Raumplanung
Creators: name: Zimmermann, Karsten
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 710

description: Evidenced based planning is a salient issue and evokes questions about the role of expertise and scientific policy advice in spatial planning. The paper considers recent trends in the debate on scientific policy advice (crises of expertise, privatization/democratization of expertise, blurring of boundaries between science and policy) and reflects upon these trends against the background of the particular situation of scientific policy advice in spatial planning in Germany. Many insights from the wider debate on policy advice also hold true for spatial planning. However, spatial planning, at least in Germany, reveals some particularities. The scientific foundation of spatial planning is interdisciplinary and the gap between science and practice is probably less visible compared to other scientific disciplines. This makes dualistic approaches (science – policy boundaries) questionable. At the same time recent trends towards Gesellschaftsberatung (advice for society), transformative science and transdisciplinarity are attractive directions in spatial planning.
description: disP - the planning review;Vol. 53. Issue 4, p 21-32
A Follow Up Study Of Biomass Yield Of Saccharum spontaneum ssp. aegypticum Under Water Regimes
Creators: name: Scordia, Danilo
name: Testa, Giorgio
name: Copani, Venera
name: Péiccitto, Alessandra
name: Calcagno, Silvio
name: Corinzia, Andrea
name: Patanè, Giancarlo
name: Virgillito, Santo
name: Scalici, Giovanni
name: Patanè, Cristina
name: Cosentino, Salvatore L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: Mediterranean climates are characterized by long periods of drought during summer and short dry periods from autumn to spring, what limits plant CO2 assimilation and biomass production to a great extent. The JRC has set a series of thresholds to define marginal lands in terms of biophysical constraints. We focus on climate limitation given by the ratio between precipitations and potential evapotranspiration (P/ET). Areas with P/ET ≤0.60 are classified as affected by “dryness”. The present study follows up a long-term plantation of the C4 perennial grass Saccharum spontaneum ssp. aegypticum under different water regimes in a semi-arid Mediterranean environment.