cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
State Preparation by Optical Pumping in Erbium Doped Solids using Stimulated Emission and Spin Mixing
Creators: name: Lauritzen, B.
name: Hastings-Simon, S. R.
name: de Riedmatten, H.
name: Afzelius, M.
name: Gisin, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Erbium doped solids are potential candidates for the realization of a quantum memory for photons at telecommunication wavelengths. The implementation of quantum memory proposals in rare earth ion doped solids require spectral tailoring of the inhomogeneous absorption profile by efficient population transfer between ground state levels (spin polarization) using optical pumping. In this article we investigate the limiting factors of efficient optical pumping between ground state Zeeman levels in an erbium doped Y2SiO5 crystal. We introduce two methods to overcome these limiting factors: stimulated emission using a second laser and spin mixing using radio frequency excitation. Both methods significantly improve the degree of spin polarization. Population transfer between two Zeeman levels with less than 10 % of the total population in the initial ground state is achieved, corresponding to a spin polarization greater than 90 %. In addition, we demonstrate spectral tailoring by isolating a narrow absorption peak within a large transparency window.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. A
The homogeneous characterisation of Ariel host stars
Creators: name: Danielski, C.
name: Brucalassi, A.
name: Benatti, S.
name: Campante, T.
name: Delgado-Mena, E.
name: Rainer, M.
name: Sacco, G.
name: Adibekyan, V.
name: Biazzo, K.
name: Bossini, D.
name: Bruno, G.
name: Casali, G.
name: Kabath, P.
name: Magrini, L.
name: Micela, G.
name: Morello, G.
name: Palladino, P.
name: Sanna, N.
name: Sarkar, S.
name: Sousa, S.
name: Tsantaki, M.
name: Turrini, D.
name: Van der Swaelmen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ariel mission will characterise the chemical and thermal properties of the atmospheres of about a thousand exoplanets transiting their host star(s). The observation of such a large sample of planets will allow to deepen our understanding of planetary and atmospheric formation at the early stages, providing a truly representative picture of the chemical nature of exoplanets, and relating this directly to the type and chemical environment of the host star. Hence, the accurate and precise determination of the host star fundamental properties is essential to Ariel for drawing a comprehensive picture of the underlying essence of these planetary systems. We present here a structured approach for the characterisation of Ariel stars that accounts for the concepts of homogeneity and coherence among a large set of stellar parameters. We present here the studies and benchmark analyses we have been performing to determine robust stellar fundamental parameters, elemental abundances, activity indices, and stellar ages. In particular, we present results for the homogeneous estimation of the activity indices S and log(R'HK), and preliminary results for elemental abundances of Na, Al, Mg, Si, C, N. In addition, we analyse the variation of a planetary spectrum, obtained with Ariel, as a function of the uncertainty on the stellar effective temperature. Finally, we present our observational campaign for precisely and homogeneously characterising all Ariel stars in order to perform a meaningful choice of final targets before the mission launch.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables. Published in Experimental Astronomy
Slides for: Power Converter Control in Microgrids: Challenges, Advances, and Trends
Creators: Jiefeng Hu
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

Slides for a Webinar on Power Converter Control in Microgrids: Challenges, Advances, and Trends
As the electronic interfaces between distributed energy resources (DERs) and the electrical network, power converters play a vital role in voltage stabilization and power conversion. So far, various power converter control methods have been developed. This talk provides an overview of the state-of-the-art of parallel power converter control in microgrid applications. The most important control schemes to address existing challenges, including concentrated control, master-slave control, droop mechanism, virtual synchronous generators (VSG), virtual oscillator control (VOC), distributed cooperative control, and model predictive control (MPC), are highlighted and analyzed in detail. In addition, the hierarchical control structure, as well as future trends, are reviewed and discussed.
Constraints from Fermi observations of Long Gamma-Ray Bursts on cosmological parameters
Creators: name: Wang, Huifeng
name: Liang, Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we compile a \emph{Fermi} sample of the \emph{long} GRB observations from 15 years of GBM catalogue with identified redshift, in which the GOLD sample contains 123 long GRBs at $z\le5.6$ and the FULL sample contains 151 long GRBs with redshifts at $z\le8.2$. The Amati relation (the $E_{\rm p,i}$-$E_{\rm iso}$ correlation) are calibrated at $z<1.4$ by a Gaussian Process from the latest observational Hubble data (OHD) with the cosmic chronometers method so that GRBs at high-redshift $z\ge1.4$ can be used to constrain cosmological models via the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. From the cosmology-independent GRBs with the GOLD sample at $z\ge1.4$ and the Pantheon+ sample of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) at $0.01
description: Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Main Journal. 14 pages, 11 figures, 6 tables
Superdiffusion in a class of networks with marginal long-range connections
Creators: name: Juhász, Róbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A class of cubic networks composed of a regular one-dimensional lattice and a set of long-range links is introduced. Networks parametrized by a positive integer k are constructed by starting from a one-dimensional lattice and iteratively connecting each site of degree 2 with a $k$th neighboring site of degree 2. Specifying the way pairs of sites to be connected are selected, various random and regular networks are defined, all of which have a power-law edge-length distribution of the form $P_>(l)\sim l^{-s}$ with the marginal exponent s=1. In all these networks, lengths of shortest paths grow as a power of the distance and random walk is super-diffusive. Applying a renormalization group method, the corresponding shortest-path dimensions and random-walk dimensions are calculated exactly for k=1 networks and for k=2 regular networks; in other cases, they are estimated by numerical methods. Although, s=1 holds for all representatives of this class, the above quantities are found to depend on the details of the structure of networks controlled by k and other parameters.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Rückblick auf das archäologische Jahr 2019 in Westfalen-Lippe
Creators: name: Rind, Michael Maria
Publisher: name: Archäologie in Westfalen-Lippe
Year: 2021

description: -
description: Archäologie in Westfalen-Lippe, ARCHÄOLOGIE IN WESTFALEN-LIPPE 2019 (2020)
The one-dimensional Bose-Fermi-Hubbard model in the heavy-fermion limit
Creators: name: Mering, A.
name: Fleischhauer, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phase diagram of the zero-temperature, one-dimensional Bose-Fermi-Hubbard model for fixed fermion density in the limit of small fermionic hopping. This model can be regarded as an instance of a disordered Bose-Hubbard model with dichotomic values of the stochastic variables. Phase boundaries between compressible, incompressible (Mott-insulating) and partially compressible phases are derived analytically within a generalized strong-coupling expansion and numerically using density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) methods. We show that first-order correlations in the partially compressible phases decay exponentially, indicating a glass-type behaviour. Fluctuations within the respective incompressible phases are determined using perturbation theory and are compared to DMRG results.
description: 11 pages, 15 figures, 2nd, revised version
Topological Insights from State Manipulation in a Classical Elastic System
Creators: name: Mahmood, Kazi T.
name: Hasan, M. Arif
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exploration of the Berry phase in classical mechanics has opened new frontiers in understanding the dynamics of physical systems, analogous to quantum mechanics. Here, we show controlled accumulation of the Berry phase in a two-level elastic bit, which are classical counterparts of qubits, achieved by manipulating coupled granules with external drivers. Employing the Bloch sphere representation, the paper demonstrates the manipulation of elastic bit states and the realization of quantum-analogue logic gates. A key achievement is the calculation of the Berry phase for various system states, revealing insights into the system's topological nature. Unique to this study is the use of external parameters to explore topological transitions, contrasting with traditional approaches focusing on internal system modifications. By linking the classical and quantum worlds through the Berry phase of an elastic bit, this work extends the potential applications of topological concepts in designing new materials and computational models.
A Young diagram expansion of the hexagonal Wilson loop (amplitude) in ${\cal N}=4$ SYM
Creators: name: Fioravanti, Davide
name: Poghosyan, Hasmik
name: Poghossian, Rubik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We shall interpret the null hexagonal Wilson loop (or, equivalently, six gluon scattering amplitude) in 4D ${\cal N}=4$ Super Yang-Mills, or, precisely, an integral representation of its matrix part, via an ADHM-like instanton construction. In this way, we can apply localisation techniques to obtain combinatorial expressions in terms of Young diagrams. Then, we use our general formula to obtain explicit expressions in several explicit cases. In particular, we discuss those already available in the literature and find exact agreement. Moreover, we are capable to determine explicitly the denominator (poles) of the matrix part, and find some interesting recursion properties for the residues, as well.
description: 40 pages, 7 figures
Distributed implementation of standard oracle operators
Creators: name: Chefles, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard oracle operator corresponding to a function f is a unitary operator that computes this function coherently, i.e. it maintains superpositions. This operator acts on a bipartite system, where the subsystems are the input and output registers. In distributed quantum computation, these subsystems may be spatially separated, in which case we will be interested in its classical and entangling capacities. For an arbitrary function f, we show that the unidirectional classical and entangling capacities of this operator are log_{2}(n_{f}) bits/ebits, where n_{f} is the number of different values this function can take. An optimal procedure for bidirectional classical communication with a standard oracle operator corresponding to a permutation on Z_{M} is given. The bidirectional classical capacity of such an operator is found to be 2log_{2}(M) bits. The proofs of these capacities are facilitated by an optimal distributed protocol for the implementation of an arbitrary standard oracle operator.
description: 4.4 pages, Revtex 4. Submitted to Physical Review Letters
Long-distance atom-photon entanglement
Creators: name: Rosenfeld, W.
name: Hocke, F.
name: Henkel, F.
name: Krug, M.
name: Volz, J.
name: Weber, M.
name: Weinfurter, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the observation of entanglement between a single trapped atom and a single photon at remote locations. The degree of coherence of the entangled atom-photon pair is verified via appropriate local correlation measurements, after communicating the photon via an optical fiber link of 300 m length. In addition we measured the temporal evolution of the atomic density matrix after projecting the atom via a state measurement of the photon onto several well defined spin states. We find that the state of the single atom dephases on a timescale of 150 $μ$s, which represents an important step toward long-distance quantum networking with individual neutral atoms.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Lispoceras undefined-1
Creators: name: Korn, Dieter
name: Bockwinkel, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Nautilida
Trigonoceratidae
Lispoceras
Lispoceras undefined-1

description: Lispoceras sp. 1
Fig. 30, Table 18
Material examined
ALGERIA • 1 specimen; Mouydir, south of Oued Temertasset (locality MOU-C1); Argiles de Teguentour (Helicocyclus-Ouaoufilalites Assemblage; early late Tournaisian); Korn et al. 2002 Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 30; MB.C.30487.
Description
Specimen MB.C.30487 is a body chamber fragment that belonged to a conch approximately 10 mm diameter (Fig. 30). It has an almost circular whorl profile with a slightly clearer umbilical margin. The last whorl only slightly encompassed the previous one, recognisable by the very small dorsal whorl zone. The shell surface, although marred by desert grinding, is clearly recognisable. The ornament consists of fine growth lines running in a slightly posterior direction across the umbilical wall and flanks, then forming a deep ventral sinus.
description: Published as part of Korn, Dieter & Bockwinkel, Jürgen, 2022, Early Carboniferous nautiloids from the Central Sahara, southern Algeria, pp. 67-108 in European Journal of Taxonomy 831 on page 104, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.831.1871, http://zenodo.org/record/6885198
Crystallography, magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, and electrical resistivity of heavy fermion LiV$_2$O$_4$ single crystals grown using a self-flux technique
Creators: name: Das, S.
name: Zong, X.
name: Niazi, A.
name: Ellern, A.
name: Yan, J. Q.
name: Johnston, D. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetically pure spinel compound ${\rm LiV_2O_4}$ is a rare $d$-electron heavy fermion. Measurements on single crystals are needed to clarify the mechanism for the heavy fermion behavior in the pure material. In addition, it is known that small concentrations ($< 1$ mol%) of magnetic defects in the structure strongly affect the properties, and measurements on single crystals containing magnetic defects would help to understand the latter behaviors. Herein, we report flux growth of ${\rm LiV_2O_4}$ and preliminary measurements to help resolve these questions. The magnetic susceptibility of some as-grown crystals show a Curie-like upturn at low temperatures, showing the presence of magnetic defects within the spinel structure. The magnetic defects could be removed in some of the crystals by annealing them at 700 $^\circ$C\@. A very high specific heat coefficient $γ$ = 450 mJ/(mol K${^2}$\@) was obtained at a temperature of 1.8 K for a crystal containing a magnetic defect concentration $n$${\rm_{defect}}$ = 0.5 mol%. A crystal with $n$${\rm _{defect}}$ = 0.01 mol% showed a residual resistivity ratio of 50.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures, Title modified
title: Labelling Theory, The Police, and Juvenile Delinquency
Creators: name: Bennett, T. H
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: Labelling theory has not only fired the imagination of innumerable writers on deviance over the last decade or so at various theoretical and philosophic levels, but has inspired an expansion of empirical research directly or indirectly related to its principles. The present thesis is concerned with investigating both these areas of interest as they apply to criminal deviance. During the 1960's labelling theory emerged from the combined contribution of a number' of American publications J the substance of which seemed primarily to be focused on two major concerns. The first of these, referred to in the text as labelling as a 'dependent' variable, considers 'social labelling' as problematic and is directed towards the distribution of deviant/criminal labels. The second area of the approach, referred to as labelling as an 'independent' variable, considers the 'consequences of social labelling as problematic, and is concerned with the specific effects of labelling, and whether this might lead to deviant/criminal recidivism. Chapter One extracts, dissects, and rebuilds the details of these themes of the labelling theory literature, and attempts to formulate a number of testable propositions which might be used to direct the of the research to the dual issues of : “who gets labelled?', and the consequences of labelling . From this point the thesis is organised around the problem of how far contemporary research, and my own research, may offer some support or reject these propositions, and, in this operationa1 sense, examine the credibility of the basic assumption of labelling theory. Chapter 2 analyses recent research relating to labelling as a dependent variable and considers the results of both official data and observation studies with respect to the official labelling of adult and juvenile offenders. Chapter Three examines the epidemiology of juvenile crime through self-report investigations as a comparison to the results of Chapter Two, and as an alternative methodological approach to the problem of the social distribution of juvenile offenders. Chapter Four discusses the operation of the Metropolitan Juvenile Bureaux, the location for my own research, and Chapter Five examines the distribution of police disposition decisions for different types of offender processed by the Bureau. Chapter Six considers recent research relating to the consequences of official labelling for offender recidivism, and Chapter Seven compares this result to the Juvenile Bureau research data on multiple offenders. The final chapter, Chapter Eight, reconsiders the status of labelling theory in the light of recent criticism and research results, and questions the validity of various research methodologies for an examination of this kind.
Quantum work relations and response theory
Creators: name: Andrieux, David
name: Gaspard, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A universal quantum work relation is proved for isolated time-dependent Hamiltonian systems in a magnetic field as the consequence of microreversibility. This relation involves a functional of an arbitrary observable. The quantum Jarzynski equality is recovered in the case this observable vanishes. The Green-Kubo formula and the Casimir-Onsager reciprocity relations are deduced thereof in the linear response regime.
Análise da rede de produção de conhecimento sobre a iniciativa e-Democracia
Creators: name: Freitas, Christiana Soares
name: Sampaio, Rafael
name: Machado, Henrique
name: Sampaio, Ricardo
name: Borges, Tiago
name: Marioto, Djiovanni Jonas França
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 130304 Educational Administration, Management and Leadership
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: O artigo visa à análise de produções acadêmicas que analisaram o programa de inovação democrática e-Democracia, da Câmara dos Deputados, de 2009 a 2017. Foram aplicadas três metodologias de análise, nomeadamente: análise de conteúdo para identificação de autores, instituições e áreas de conhecimento; análise léxica de resumos e palavras-chave através do software IRaMuTeQ e análise de redes das referências bibliográficas dos materiais. Os resultados indicam que esse subcampo
apresenta algumas diferenças em relação à área de internet e política (I&P) no Brasil, especialmente no que tange a instituições e áreas de atuação, porém a rede de cocitações revela que autores-chave da grande área de I&P também são centrais aqui. Conclui-se que esta subárea apresenta particularidades em relação ao campo, como a entrada de novas instituições e áreas de conhecimento. São mantidas, contudo, as principais linhas de pesquisa e autores da grande área de internet e política.
A broadband radio view of transient jet ejecta in the black hole candidate X-ray binary MAXI J1535-571
Creators: name: Chauhan, J.
name: Miller-Jones, J. C. A.
name: Anderson, G. E.
name: Paduano, A.
name: Sokolowski, M.
name: Flynn, C.
name: Hancock, P. J.
name: Hurley-Walker, N.
name: Kaplan, D. L.
name: Russell, T. D.
name: Bahramian, A.
name: Duchesne, S. W.
name: Altamirano, D.
name: Croft, S.
name: Krimm, H. A.
name: Sivakoff, G. R.
name: Soria, R.
name: Trott, C. M.
name: Wayth, R. B.
name: Gupta, V.
name: Johnston-Hollitt, M.
name: Tingay, S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a broadband radio study of the transient jets ejected from the black hole candidate X-ray binary MAXI J1535-571, which underwent a prolonged outburst beginning on 2 September 2017. We monitored MAXI J1535-571 with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) at frequencies from 119 to 186 MHz over six epochs from 20 September to 14 October 2017. The source was quasi-simultaneously observed over the frequency range 0.84-19 GHz by UTMOST (the upgraded Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope), the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder, the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), and the Australian Long Baseline Array (LBA). Using the LBA observations from 23 September 2017, we measured the source size to be $34\pm1$ mas. During the brightest radio flare on 21 September 2017, the source was detected down to 119 MHz by the MWA, and the radio spectrum indicates a turnover between 250 and 500 MHz, which is most likely due to synchrotron self-absorption (SSA). By fitting the radio spectrum with a SSA model and using the LBA size measurement, we determined various physical parameters of the jet knot (identified in ATCA data), including the jet opening angle (= $4.5\pm1.2^{\circ}$) and the magnetic field strength (= $104^{+80}_{-78}$ mG). Our fitted magnetic field strength agrees reasonably well with that inferred from the standard equipartition approach, suggesting the jet knot to be close to equipartition. Our study highlights the capabilities of the Australian suite of radio telescopes to jointly probe radio jets in black hole X-ray binaries (BH-XRBs) via simultaneous observations over a broad frequency range, and with differing angular resolutions. This suite allows us to determine the physical properties of XRB jets. Finally, our study emphasizes the potential contributions that can be made by the low-frequency part of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA-Low) in the study of BH-XRBs.
description: This article has been accepted for publication in PASA. This article has 16 pages, 7 figures and 1 table
GEMS supplementary data
Creators: name: Bengtsson, Rebecca
name: Simpkin, adam
name: Pulford, Caisey
name: Low, Ross
name: Rasko, David
name: Rigden, Daniel
name: Hall, Neil
name: Barry, Eileen
name: Tennant, Sharon
name: Baker, Kate
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60503 Microbial Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Microbiology

description: Supplementary data for manuscript titled "Pathogenomic analyses of Shigella isolates inform factors limiting shigellosis prevention and control across LMICs". This folder contains maximum-likelihood trees of Shigella spp from GEMS and models of protein antigen candidates IpaB,IpaC, IpaD, OmpA, SigA and IcsP.
ОРГАНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРОДУКЦИЯ: ОСНОВНЫЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬСКИХ ПРЕДПОЧТЕНИЙ
Creators: name: БИРЮКОВА Татьяна Владимировна
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2020
Subjects: органическая продукция
мясо и мясные изделия
фермерская продукция

description: В современных условиях с учетом вступления в силу с 1 января 2020 года закона о органической продукции в РФ существует ряд неопределенностей со стороны потребителей относительно понятия органическая продукция. В настоящее время трансформация спроса на мясо и мясные изделия во многом вызвана существенными изменениями в понимании качества продукта, для многих потребителей органическая продукция ассоциируется с продукцией, произведенной в фермерских хозяйствах либо реализуемой через места реализации фермерских продуктов. В статье представлены результаты проведенного исследования потребительских предпочтений органической продукции, в частности мяса и мясных изделий. Указаны проблемные вопросы в восприятии понятий фермерская продукция и органическая продукция. Рассмотрены направления популяризации органической продукции произведенной в соответствии с предъявленными законодательством требованиями, особое место уделено аспектам комплекса маркетинга, позволяющего наладить цепочку взаимодействия с конечным потребителем при выборе продукции. Произведен анализ основных параметров, являющихся приоритетными при выборе продукции, в частности мяса и мясных изделий. Рассмотрены перспективы данного направления.
On time-fractional partial differential equations of time-dependent piecewise constant order
Creators: name: Kian, Yavar
name: Slodička, Marián
name: Soccorsi, Éric
name: Van Bockstal, Karel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R11

description: This contribution considers the time-fractional subdiffusion with a time-dependent variable-order fractional operator of order $β(t)$. It is assumed that $β(t)$ is a piecewise constant function with a finite number of jumps. A proof technique based on the Fourier method and results from constant-order fractional subdiffusion equations has been designed. This novel approach results in the well-posedness of the problem.
Higher-order QCD corrections to $H\to b\bar b$ from rational approximants
Creators: name: Boito, Diogo
name: London, Cristiane Y.
name: Masjuan, Pere
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use rational approximants to study missing higher orders in the massless scalar-current quark correlator. We predict the yet unknown six-loop coefficient of its imaginary part, related to $Γ(H\to b \bar b)$, to be $c_5=-6900\pm 1400$. With this result, the perturbative series becomes almost insensitive to renormalization scale variations and the intrinsic QCD truncation uncertainty is tiny. This confirms the expectation that higher-order loop computations for this quantity will not be required in the foreseeable future, as the uncertainty in $Γ(H\to b \bar b)$ will remain largely dominated by the Standard Model parameters.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures. Significantly shorter than v1. Results unchanged. Changes in presentation and discussions. Accepted by JHEP
From commerce to conquest : the dynamics of early British imperial expansion into Bengal
Creators: name: Berger, Mark Theodore
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: By the 1740s the English East India Company's trade and its servants' private trade in India were suffering as a result of both the increasing turmoil in the sub-continent, as the Mughal Empire declined, and the growing competition of the French. In response to this situation the Court of Directors and the British government despatched an increasing amount of men, ships and arms to India. Starting on the Coromandel Coast in the mid-1740s the Company's servants were able to use the Company's growing military establishment not only to combat the French threat and protect the Company's trade but also to acquire large presents from grateful princes and to obtain privileges that helped to enhance and improve their private trading activities. The defense and improvement of the Company's position in Bengal was also regarded as important and when Fort William was captured by the Nawab of Bengal in 1756 the Company's servants did not hesitate to intervene militarily in Bengal politics. The Court of Directors countenanced this involvement, albeit with less enthusiasm than the servants on the spot who were as motivated by private greed as they were by corporate interest. The conquest of Bengal, which occurred within an environment of declining Mughal power and accelerating French competition in India, must also be set in an even broader context in which the English and the French were fighting not just for control in India, but for the hegemony of an expanding capitalist world-economy controlled largely by Europe. Against this backdrop Bengal was conquered, between 1757-1765, largely as a result of the sub-imperialism of the Company's servants on the spot who had discovered the personal profit to be had from involving the Company in political and military intervention in Bengal regardless of whether or not the Company's own interests were served by such involvement.
Conformal Windows beyond Asymptotic Freedom
Creators: name: Bond, Andrew D.
name: Litim, Daniel F.
name: Vazquez, Gustavo Medina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study four-dimensional gauge theories coupled to fermions in the fundamental and meson-like scalars. All requisite beta functions are provided for general gauge group and fermion representation. In the regime where asymptotic freedom is absent, we determine all interacting fixed points using perturbation theory up to three loop in the gauge and two loop in the Yukawa and quartic couplings. We find that the conformal window of ultraviolet fixed points is narrowed-down by finite-$N$ corrections beyond the Veneziano limit. We also find a new infrared fixed point whose main features such as scaling exponents, UV-IR connecting trajectories, and phase diagram are provided. Both fixed points collide upon varying the number of fermion flavours $N_{\rm f}$, and conformality is lost through a saddle-node bifurcation. We further revisit the prospect for ultraviolet fixed points in the large $N_{\rm f}$ limit where matter field fluctuations dominate. Unlike at weak coupling, we do not find clear evidence for new scaling solutions even in the presence of scalar and Yukawa couplings.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures
Diffuse HI Disks in Isolated Galaxies
Creators: name: Hogg, David E.
name: Roberts, Morton S.
name: Haynes, Martha P.
name: Maddalena, Ronald J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to investigate the contribution of diffuse components to their total HI emission, we have obtained high precision HI line flux densities with the 100m Green Bank Telescope for a sample of 100 isolated spiral and irregular galaxies which we have previously observed with the 43m telescope. A comparison of the observed HI line fluxes obtained with the two different telescopes, characterized by half-power beam widths of 9 arcmin and 21 arcmin respectively, exploits a ``beam matching'' technique to yield a statistical determination of the occurrence of diffuse HI components in their disks. A simple model of the HI distribution within a galaxy well describes ~75 % of the sample and accounts for all of the HI line flux density. The remaining galaxies are approximately evenly divided into two categories: ones which appear to possess a significantly more extensive HI distribution than the model predicts, and ones for which the HI distribution is more centrally concentrated than predicted. Examples of both extremes can be found in the literature but little attention has been paid to the centrally concentrated HI systems. Our sample has demonstrated that galaxies do not commonly possess extended regions of low surface brightness HI gas which is not accounted for by our current understanding of the structure of HI disks. Eight HI-rich companions to the target objects are identified, and a set of extragalactic HI line flux density calibrators is presented.
description: 26 pages
WebLINX: Real-World Website Navigation with Multi-Turn Dialogue
Creators: name: Lù, Xing Han
name: Kasner, Zdeněk
name: Reddy, Siva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose the problem of conversational web navigation, where a digital agent controls a web browser and follows user instructions to solve real-world tasks in a multi-turn dialogue fashion. To support this problem, we introduce WEBLINX - a large-scale benchmark of 100K interactions across 2300 expert demonstrations of conversational web navigation. Our benchmark covers a broad range of patterns on over 150 real-world websites and can be used to train and evaluate agents in diverse scenarios. Due to the magnitude of information present, Large Language Models (LLMs) cannot process entire web pages in real-time. To solve this bottleneck, we design a retrieval-inspired model that efficiently prunes HTML pages by ranking relevant elements. We use the selected elements, along with screenshots and action history, to assess a variety of models for their ability to replicate human behavior when navigating the web. Our experiments span from small text-only to proprietary multimodal LLMs. We find that smaller finetuned decoders surpass the best zero-shot LLMs (including GPT-4V), but also larger finetuned multimodal models which were explicitly pretrained on screenshots. However, all finetuned models struggle to generalize to unseen websites. Our findings highlight the need for large multimodal models that can generalize to novel settings. Our code, data and models are available for research: https://mcgill-nlp.github.io/weblinx
High-dimensional quantum key distribution using a multi-plane light converter
Creators: name: Lib, Ohad
name: Sulimany, Kfir
name: Araújo, Mateus
name: Ben-Or, Michael
name: Bromberg, Yaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) offers higher information capacity and stronger resilience to noise compared to its binary counterpart. However, these advantages are often hindered by the difficulty of realizing the required high-dimensional measurements and transformations. Here, we implement a large-scale multi-plane light converter (MPLC) and program it as a high-dimensional mode sorter of spatial modes for QKD. Using the MPLC, we demonstrate five-dimensional QKD with six mutually unbiased bases and 25-dimensional QKD with two mutually unbiased bases in the same experimental setup. Furthermore, we propose a construction of pairs of mutually unbiased bases that are robust to experimental errors, with measurement complexity scaling only with the square root of the encoded dimension. This approach paves the way for QKD implementations in higher dimensions.
On the Thermodynamic Origin of the Quantum Potential
Creators: name: Groessing, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum potential is shown to result from the presence of a subtle thermal vacuum energy distributed across the whole domain of an experimental setup. Explicitly, its form is demonstrated to be exactly identical to the heat distribution derived from the defining equation for classical diffusion-wave fields. For a single free particle path, this thermal energy does not significantly affect particle motion. However, in between different paths, or at interfaces, the accumulation-depletion law for diffusion waves provides an immediate new understanding of the quantum potential's main features.
description: 32 pages, 4 figures
Crafting Sustainable Careers in a Dynamic Professional Terrain
Creators: name: Panda, Subhajit
name: Kaur, Navkiran
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 460907
subject: Information systems for sustainable development and the public good
classificationCode: 461006
subject: Library studies
classificationCode: 461099
subject: Library and information studies not elsewhere classified

description: The study explores the essence of sustainable careers amidst an ever-evolving professional landscape. This paper delineates the distinguishing factors between sustainable and non-sustainable careers, presenting a comprehensive framework highlighting personal well-being, adaptability, growth opportunities, and societal impact as crucial components of sustainable careers. It underscores the significance of these elements for individuals, organizations, and society, emphasizing their implications and future trends. Strategies for promoting career sustainability are elucidated, including continuous learning, flexible work practices, ethical engagement, mentorship, and embracing diversity. Future considerations encompass upskilling for technological shifts, remote work models, sustainability, continuous learning, diversity initiatives, and mental health support. Embracing these elements not only navigates the dynamic terrain but also fosters enduring, fulfilling, and impactful professional journeys in an evolving world.
Groups generated by involutions, numberings of posets, and central measures
Creators: name: Vershik, Anatoly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20B07

description: We define a new class of countable groups, which are defined by its action on the set of monotonic numberings (diagrams) of an arbitrary finite or countable partial ordered set (poset). These groups are generated by the set of involutions? and in the case of finite posets could be considered as generalization of Coxeter's symmetric groups. We discuss the problems concerned to infinite groups jf this type, in particular the problem of the descripton of invariant measures on the space of numberings (central measures)with respect to actions of those groups. The probelms are tightly connected with the new theory of representations of the generalizations of infinite symmetric group.
description: 3 pp, 3 Ref
Exploring the consequences of chromatic data excision in 21-cm Epoch of Reionization power spectrum observations
Creators: name: Wilensky, Michael J.
name: Hazelton, Bryna J.
name: Morales, Miguel F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore how chromatic RFI flags affect 21-cm power spectrum measurements. We particularly study flags that are coarser than the analysis resolution. We find that such RFI flags produce excess power in the EoR window in much the same way as residual RFI. We use Fast Holographic Deconvolution (FHD) simulations to explain this as a result of chromatic disruptions in the interferometric sampling function of the array. We also use these simulations in conjunction with Error Propagated Power Spectrum with InterLeaved Observed Noise ($\varepsilon$ppsilon) to show that without modifying current flagging strategies or implementing extremely accurate and complete foreground subtraction, 21-cm EoR experiments will fail to make a significant detection. As a mitigation strategy, we find that circumventing the chromatic structure altogether by flagging the entire analysis band when RFI is detected is simple to implement and highly successful. This demands a detection strategy with a low false positive rate in order to prevent excessive data loss.
description: Including revisions from peer review
Stability of Topological Black Holes
Creators: name: Birmingham, Danny
name: Mokhtari, Susan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the classical stability of topological black holes in d-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime, where the horizon is an Einstein manifold of negative curvature. According to the gauge invariant formalism of Ishibashi and Kodama, gravitational perturbations are classified as being of scalar, vector, or tensor type, depending on their transformation properties with respect to the horizon manifold. For the massless black hole, we show that the perturbation equations for all modes can be reduced to a simple scalar field equation. This equation is exactly solvable in terms of hypergeometric functions, thus allowing an exact analytic determination of potential gravitational instabilities. We establish a necessary and sufficient condition for stability, in terms of the eigenvalues $λ$ of the Lichnerowicz operator on the horizon manifold, namely $λ\geq -4(d-2)$. For the case of negative mass black holes, we show that a sufficient condition for stability is given by $λ\geq -2(d-3)$.
description: 20 pages, Latex, v2 refined analysis of boundary conditions in dimensions 4,5,6, additional references
Public transit fare and subsidy policy in Greater Vancouver, 1970-1983 : efficiency and equity implications
Creators: name: Brown, Michael Roland
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis studies the consequences for efficiency and equity of the fare and subsidy policies for public transit in Greater Vancouver from 1970 to 1983. Efficiency is defined as revenue passengers carried per revenue vehicle kilometre and equity is defined in terms of progressive, proportional and regressive net incidences of subsidies. By analysing revenue and cost data from suburban and inner city transit depots, it is shown that the net incidence of operating subsidies in 1980 tended to be regressive on a per capita basis. It is shown that the efficiency of transit in Greater Vancouver could be increased by adopting a differentiated fare structure.
Modeling partitioning of Min proteins between daughter cells after septation in Escherichia coli
Creators: name: Sengupta, Supratim
name: Rutenberg, Andrew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Ongoing sub-cellular oscillation of Min proteins is required to block minicelling in E. coli. Experimentally, Min oscillations are seen in newly divided cells and no minicells are produced. In model Min systems many daughter cells do not oscillate following septation because of unequal partitioning of Min proteins between the daughter cells. Using the 3D model of Huang et al., we investigate the septation process in detail to determine the cause of the asymmetric partitioning of Min proteins between daughter cells. We find that this partitioning problem arises at certain phases of the MinD and MinE oscillations with respect to septal closure and it persists independently of parameter variation. At most 85% of the daughter cells exhibit Min oscillation following septation. Enhanced MinD binding at the static polar and dynamic septal regions, consistent with cardiolipin domains, does not substantially increase this fraction of oscillating daughters. We believe that this problem will be shared among all existing Min models and discuss possible biological mechanisms that may minimize partitioning errors of Min proteins following septation.
description: 17 pages, including 6 figures. Typo in captions of fig.2,5 corrected. Version which appears in Physical Biology
PhyloPen: An Interactive Browsing and Editing Tool for Phylogenetic Trees
Creators: name: Wehrer, Anthony
name: Lisle, Curtis
name: Hughes, Charles
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: Phylogenetic trees are visualizations used by experts to identify patterns in the evolutionary process to support their hypotheses, leading to new understandings of how life has developed on Earth. However, due to their complexity and the large amount of data often represented, it can be challenging to render and interact with these diagrams in a meaningful and effective way. Most software used in practice often do not scale well to larger trees, providing static or simple renderings with limited ability to interact with and change the tree. Where interaction is present, the methods for doing so can also be awkward in some cases. Many biologists we have talked with instead opt for editing the resulting phylogenetic tree renderings manually with image editing software when they want to emphasize some aspect of the tree and create diagrams ready for publication. Additionally, dynamic interaction and the ability to alter a visualization generally play an important role in making sense of the data. Expanding its use in the context of phylogenetic trees can help in better understanding the underlying data and identifying patterns in evolution. To this end, we have developed a new pen-and-touch application called PhyloPen. Focusing on visualization techniques such as overview+detail, linked data views, and new interaction and manipulation techniques using pen and touch, we have expanded upon the capabilities of existing software used in practice with the goal of improving overall effectiveness in sensemaking and editing of phylogenetic trees. Iteratively developed through the feedback and results of a series of formative studies with biology experts and students, we have been repeatedly shown positive interest and desire for PhyloPen as a phylogenetic tree browsing and editing tool. We are now preparing to expand on these results with a summative evaluation of how PhyloPen’s effectiveness in sensemaking compares with that of an existing software system in practice.