Andhracoides shabuddin Wilson & Reddy, 2011, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Wilson, George D. F.
name: Reddy, Yenumula Ranga
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Isopoda
Hypsimetopidae
Andhracoides
Andhracoides shabuddin

description: Andhracoides shabuddin sp. nov.
(Figs 2–9)
Type material. Holotype male, AM P.81105, bl 22.6 mm, 27.xii.2008, here designated. Paratypes: female, AM P.81106, bl 16.2, 27.xii.2008; male, AM P.81107, bl 26.0 mm, 27.xii.2008, SEM; female, AM P.81108, 16.i.2009, SEM & DNA; male, AM P.84983, bl 22.5 mm, pleopods dissected, 27.xii.2008; 7 specimens, AM P.84984, 16.i.2009; 9 specimens, P.84985, 16.i.2009; 8 specimens, ZSI C 5912/2, 27.xii.2008; 6 specimens, ZSI C 5913/2, 27.xii.2008.
Type locality. India, Andhra Pradesh State, ~ 8 km from Piduguralla, Guntur District, Guthikonda Cave, 16°23.7067' N, 79°49.6495' E, elevation 160 m, freshwater pool in cave, coll. Y. R. Reddy and party, 27.xii.2008 & 16.i.2009.
Etymology. The new species is named for Mr. Shabuddin Shaik, an enthusiastic M. Sc. (Zoology) student at Acharya Nagarjuna University during 2008–2010, who collected the first sample of this species. The name is proposed here as a noun in apposition to the generic name.
Description. Colouration cuticle white, without pigment. Head (Figs 2 C, 3A–B, E). Length subequal to width in dorsal view; lateral profile of dorsal surface smoothly curved; width 1.2–1.5 pereonite 1 width (M, AM P.81107; F, AM P.81108; H); surface smooth and shiny; setae absent. Cervical groove straight, extending nearly to dorsal margin of head. Mandibular (genal or cheek) groove absent. Mandibular notch present. Clypeal notch present. Antennal notch shallow, without posterior extension. Frontal process above antennula present. Mouth field in both sexes adjacent to posterior margin of head and anterior margin of pereonite 1.
Pereon (Fig. 2 A–C, E). Width near head width; surface smooth; setae on dorsal surface absent. Pereonite 1 in dorsal view wider than medial length, width 0.51 length (H). Pereonites 2–7 in dorsal view anteriorly longer than wide decreasing posteriorly to wider than long, relative to pereonite 2 length:width ratios 1.02, 1.15, 1.05, 0.95, 0.71, respectively. Sternal processes occurring on sternites 1–7 (weak keel).
Pleonites (Fig. 2 A–B, E). In lateral view, pleonite 1 pleura near depth of pleurae of pleonites 2–5. In dorsal view, pleonite 2–4 respective lengths more than half the length of pleonite 5, 1–4 relative lengths subequal, 1–4 width 0.62 composite length in dorsal view. Pleonite 1–5 length:width ratios 0.42, 0.42, 0.42, 0.42, 0.69, respectively; depth ratios with pereonite 7 depth, respectively: 1.09; 1.05; 1; 0.96; 0.82. Pleonite 5 ventral margin constricting posteriorly, distance to dorsal margin noticeably greater anteriorly than posteriorly.
Pleotelson (Figs 2 D, 9A, C–D, F–H). Dorsal surface in lateral view sparsely covered with fine setae, length 1.25 width; lateral length 0.17–0.195 body length (H, F P.81106), lateral length 2.6 depth; depth 0.72 pereonite 7 depth; ventral margin anterior to uropods 3.6–4.1 width of uropodal insertion (H; AM P.81107), with fine setae, posterior seta length subequal to anterior adjacent setae. Posterolateral margin with 4–5 teeth on each side (AM P.81107 with tiny terminal tooth); teeth rounded in cross-section (with whorls of microscopic subdenticles).
Antennula (Figs 2 E, 3C–D). Length 0.16–0.19 body length (F, M), with 17–18 articles (M, F). Article 5 length:width 0.86–1.8 (F, M). Article 6 length:width 1.2–1.3 (M, F). Aesthetascs occurring on distal 9 articles in male, 7 in female, 3 per article. Terminal article length 1.9 width (M), length 0.025 antennula total length (M).
Antenna (Figs 2 A, E, 3C, E). Length 0.51–0.58 body length (M, F). Article 5 longer than article 4, 6 subequal to articles 4 and 5 combined. Flagellum length 0.73 –0.76 total antenna length (F P.81106, H), with 43–49 articles (H, F P.81106).
Mouth field (M P.81107; Figs 3, 4). Clypeus medial margin broadly curved dorsally, concave under antennae, slightly curling dorsally and anteriorly at mandibular attachment, deeper on left side than on right, width 0.68 head width (M P.81107). Labrum dorsal margin with clypeus linear, sloping ventrally to left side, ventral margin scalloped, with many long cuticular hairs, frontolateral fields with patch of fine cuticular hairs, labrum dorsal margin narrower than clypeus. Paragnaths lateral lobes smooth arc laterally, distally angular (approximately 90°), medially curving proximally to straight margin between lobes; medial lobe open, not convoluted, not projecting, medial cuticular hairs coarse and elongate, becoming shorter proximally, ventrolateral cuticular hairs thinner and longer than medial hairs.
Mandible (M P.81107; Fig. 4 A–E). Palp length 1.2 mandible length; article 3 with more than 5 setae on medial margin, distal margins with 34 setae (in 2 rows), setae on margin finely spinulate, medial surface additional setae absent, medial surface lacking cuticular hairs or cuticular combs; article 2 longitudinal row of setae absent, separate distal group of setae present; articles 1–2 with single groups of setae on distolateral margins, article 2 with 6 elongate distally setulate setae. Left spine row with 8 spines, 2 of which bifurcate. Right spine row with 7 spines, 1 of which bifurcate. Molar process without teeth, complex setulate spines forming posterior row.
Maxillula (M AM P.81107; Fig. 5 A–B). Medial lobe length 0.74 lateral lobe length, width subequal to lateral lobe width 0.97 lateral lobe width, with 10 pappose setae, with 3 simple 'accessory setae' on distomedial margin; short weakly setulate seta on distal tip absent. Lateral lobe distal margin with 6 denticulate robust setae, with 9 smooth robust setae, distal setal row with 5 robust setae; ventral face with 1 plumose seta, additional plumose seta absent.
Maxilla (M AM P.81107; Fig. 5 C–D). Medial lobe width 0.74 outer lateral lobe width; proximal setae smoothly continuous in row with distal setae; setae in ventral basal rows elongate and finely pappose; setae in dorsal basal row well-separated, with proximal smooth setae grading into distally setulose setae; setae in distal row pappose. Outer lateral lobe length subequal to inner lateral lobe, width subequal to inner lateral lobe, distal margin setal row with two angles, transverse to lateral margin and oblique on medial margin; lateral lobes with bidenticulate setae on distal tips and on medial margin, 22 long setae on outer lateral lobe, 20 setae on inner lateral lobe (approximately; obscured by outer lateral lobe).
Maxilliped (M AM P.81107; Fig. 5 E–F). Epipod length:width 1.6, distal tip rounded. Endite medial length:total basis length 0.44; medial margin with 3 coupling hooks on left side, 3 on right side; distal margin with fine setae in dense fringe; ventral surface with medially grouped short setae; distal tip with 15 subdistal biserrate setae on ventral surface (approximately; in dense group of long cuticular hairs); dorsal ridge with 17 large distally denticulate plumose setae. Palp insertion on basis without adjacent simple or plumose setae; length:basis length 1.1; width across articles 2–3:endite width 2.1; article 5 length:width 1.6, article 5 length:article 4 length 0.75.
Pereopod I (M AM P.81107; F AM P.81108; Fig. 6 A–B). Length:body length 0.24 (H), 0.25 (F). Dactylus length:propodus ventral margin length 1.3 (in both sexes); lateral surface with row of fine setae along axis; ventrodistal margin with row of thin scale-like spines, along 0.46–0.5 (F, M) total length; claw length:dactylus length 0.29–0.35 (M, F); dactylus with 1 distal accessory claw, flattened transversely, sharply acute, length approximately 0.25 dorsal claw length; without distal accessory spines. Propodus length:pereopod length 0.23, 0.21 (M, F); length:width 2.18, 2.07 (M, F); dorsal margin setae in several groups between proximal and distal margin, with 4 setae (excluding distal group); proximal region not protruding in either sex. Propodal palm without stout denticulate setae, with 5–6 (F, M) stout robust conical simple setae, setal ridge absent. Merus distodorsal margin with 1 or 2 robust simple setae. Basis length:width 2.17–2.18 (M, F); 1 dorsal setae in male positioned proximally (1–2 minor setae anterior margin); ventrodistal margin with 1 elongate seta, shorter than ischium.
Pereopods II–III (Fig. 6 C–D). Penicillate setae in row of 6 on lateral side of basis dorsal ridge. Dactylus distal accessory claw distally flattened and blade-like, length 0.41 length of dorsal claw; dactylus ventral margin without spines. Propodus and carpus ventral margin setae robust. Ischium dorsal margin with 5 simple setae. Basis dorsal ridge in cross-section angular but not forming distinct plate.
Pereopod II ratios, male (AM P.81107) and female (ZSI C 5912/2), respectively. Length:body length 0.28, 0.3; dactylus length:propodus length 0.44, 0.62; dactylus primary claw length:dactylar length 0.53, 0.53; propodus length:pereopod length 0.14, 0.15; propodus length:width 3.66, 3.54; carpus length:pereopod length 0.15, 0.16; carpus length:width 2.14, 2.66; basis length:pereopod length 0.29, 0.27; basis length:width 3.04, 2.75.
Pereopod III ratios, male (AM P.81107) and female (ZSI C 5912/2), respectively. Length:body length 0.28, 0.33; dactylus length:propodus length 0.41, 0.45; dactylus primary claw length:dactylar length 0.56, 0.48; propodus length:pereopod length 0.13, 0.12; propodus length:width 3.52, 3.61; carpus length:pereopod length 0.14, 0.14; carpus length:width 2.4, 2.12; basis length:pereopod length 0.31, 0.29; basis length:width 2.96, 2.71.
Pereopod IV (AM P.81107, Fig. 6 E). Penicillate setae present in both sexes, occurring on dorsal margin of basis. Dactylus distal accessory claw approximately 0.33 length of primary claw. Propodus setae on ventral margin robust. Carpus setae on ventral margin in both sexes robust. Ischium posterodistal margin with 5 setae in male. Basis dorsal ridge with 4–5 setae (F, M; approximately), positioned proximally.
Pereopod IV ratios, male (AM P.81107) and female (ZSI C 5912/2), respectively. Length:body length 0.3, 0.33; propodus length:pereopod length 0.15, 0.11; propodus length:width 4.25, 3.11; carpus length:pereopod length 0.14, 0.14; basis length:width 2.8, 2.8.
Pereopods V–VII (AM P.81107, Fig.7 A–B). Penicillate setae on dorsal ridge of basis, or dorsodistally on carpus, or dorsodistally on propodus. Dactylus accessory claw robust, conical, length nearly half length of primary claw. Propodus distal margins with 5–7 elongate robust setae. Ischium dorsal margin with 4–6 simple setae (increasing in length posteriorly). Basis dorsal ridge with no large setae. Penes (Fig. 7 C) on pereopod VII coxa extending near midline; distally tubular; distal tip truncate.
Pereopod V ratios, male (AM P.81107) and female (ZSI C 5912/2), respectively. Length:body length 0.25, 0.29; dactylus claw length:dactylar length 0.45, 0.41; propodus length:pereopod length 0.13, 0.13; carpus length:pereopod length 0.18, 0.17; basis length:width 2.66, 2.43.
Pereopod VI ratios, male (AM P.81107) and female (ZSI C 5912/2), respectively. Length:body length 0.31, 0.36; dactylus claw length:dactylar length 0.44, 0.44; propodus length:pereopod length 0.13, 0.15; carpus length:pereopod length 0.19, 0.18; basis length:width 2.99, 2.7.
Pereopod VII ratios, male (AM P.81107) and female (ZSI C 5912/2), respectively. Length:body length 0.28, 0.38; dactylus claw length:dactylar length 0.37, 0.33; propodus length:pereopod length 0.11, 0.15; carpus length:pereopod length 0.18, 0.16; basis length:width 3.0, 2.9.
Pleopods (AM P.84983, Fig. 8). Protopods II–V medial margins with small projections, with simple setae only in small group. Pleopod I exopod broadest distally, distal margin rounded, medial margin convex, divergent from lateral margin proximally, dorsal surface lacking setae. Pleopod II endopod appendix masculina (Fig. 7 D–E, 8B–C) length 0.14 pleopod length; distal tip not extending beyond half length of exopod; proximal half of shaft forming elongate channel, groove open distally; distal tip acutely rounded; elongate rod-like setae on medial and lateral margins (2, 1, respectively); lateral margin with 4 setae; medial margin with 10 setae.
Pleopod ratios (M AM P.84983). Pleopod I length:body length 0.17; exopod length:width 1.94; endopod length:width 2.01; endopod length:exopod length 0.45. Pleopod II length:body length 0.17; exopod length:width 2.13; exopod length of distal article:exopod length 0.44; endopod length:width 2.5; endopod length:exopod length 0.49. Pleopod III length:body length 0.16; exopod length:width 1.97; exopod length of distal article:exopod length 0.46; endopod length:width 2.14; endopod length:exopod length 0.47. Pleopod IV length:body length 0.15; exopod length:width 1.9; exopod length of distal article:exopod length 0.48; endopod length:width 2.33; endopod length:exopod length 0.49. Pleopod V length:body length 0.15; exopod length:width 1.87; exopod length of distal article:exopod length 0.49; endopod length:width 2.1; endopod length:exopod length 0.43.
Uropod (AM P. Fig. 9 A–B, D–E, F–H). Protopod extending posterior to pleotelson apex; dorsomedial ridge produced, spur-like, dorsomedial ridge medially directed, each margin with 3 broad denticles, without setae; dorsolateral margin setae fine and simple; distoventral margin without robust or spinose setae. Rami distal tips pointed; cross-sectional shape flattened on dorsal surface only. Endopod and exopod dorsal margins without robust setae in either sex.
Uropod ratios, male (AM P.81107) and female (AM P.81108), respectively. Total length:pleotelson length 0.73, 0.81. Protopod length:width 1.97, 1.68; length: uropod total length 0.59, 0.49. Exopod length: endopod length 0.66, 0.92.
Distribution. Peninsular India: in the state of Andhra Pradesh, found in caves and in wells.
Remarks. Although the data have not been compiled on the more limited specimens at hand, we have observed that the undescribed species of this genus differ from Andhracoides shabuddin sp. nov. in the robustness of the pleotelson and uropods, and in dorsal setation, which is largely lacking in this species. Other species are much more heavily setose and therefore are easily identified as different from Andhracoides shabuddin sp. nov.
description: Published as part of Wilson, George D. F. & Reddy, Yenumula Ranga, 2011, Andhracoides shabuddin gen. nov., sp. nov., a new phreatoicidean isopod (Crustacea, Hypsimetopidae) from hypogean aquatic habitats in Andhra Pradesh, India, pp. 37-53 in Zootaxa 2869 on pages 42-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207632