cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sinacroneuria lateralis Sivec & Stark 2020, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Sivec, Ignac
name: Stark, Bill P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Sinacroneuria
Sinacroneuria lateralis

description: Sinacroneuria lateralis, sp. nov.
(Figs. 2 a–2f)
 Material examined. Holotype ♂ from China, Fujian Province, Kuatun, 2300 m, 28 April 1938, J. Klapperich (ZFMK).
 Adult habitus. Triocellate. General color brown with darker markings. Wings pale brown with darker veins (Fig. 2d).
 Male. Forewing length 18 mm. Tergum 9 bearing a small, raised mesal lobe and a sparse patch of sensilla basiconica; tergum 10 slightly notched on anteromesal margin and bearing a faint dark median line narrowly dividing large sensilla basiconica patch (Fig. 2a). Paraprocts broadly triangular, flattened but with strongly recurved, spinelike tips (Figs. 2a, 2b). Hammer small, oval and set near posterior margin of sternum 10 (Fig. 2c). Y-stem of aedeagal sclerite shorter than arms, laterally compressed and blunt apically; arms ca. 1.3 times as long as stem, strongly narrowed to a stiletto-type shape in apical half; lateral projections very prominent (Fig. 2f).
 Etymology. The species name refers to the prominent lateral projections of the aedeagal sclerites.
 Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from related congeners by the strongly projecting extensions present at the bases of the aedeagal arms. In addition, tergum 9 bears a slight, median dome sparsely covered with sensilla basiconica (Fig. 2a).
description: Published as part of Sivec, Ignac & Stark, Bill P., 2020, Systematic notes on Sinacroneuria Yang & Yang, 1995 (Plecoptera: Perlidae), with descriptions of two new species from China, pp. 580-584 in Zootaxa 4732 (4) on pages 582-583, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4732.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/3667398
Legendrian knots, transverse knots and combinatorial Floer homology
Creators: name: Ozsvath, Peter
name: Szabo, Zoltan
name: Thurston, Dylan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R17 (Primary) 57R58, 57M25 (Secondary)

description: Using the combinatorial approach to knot Floer homology, we define an invariant for Legendrian knots in the three-sphere, which takes values in link Floer homology. This invariant can be used to also construct an invariant of transverse knots.
description: 27 pages, 13 figures; v2: Expand and correct discussion of links
Detection of giant pulses in PSR J1047-6709
Creators: name: Sun, S. N.
name: Yan, W. M.
name: Wang, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the emission variations in PSR J1047$-$6709 observed at 1369 MHz using the Parkes 64 m radio telescope. This pulsar shows two distinct emission states: a weak state and a bright emission state. We detected giant pulses (GPs) in the bright state for the first time. We found 75 GPs with pulse width ranging from 0.6 to 2.6 ms. The energy of GPs follows a power-law distribution with the index $α=-3.26\pm0.22$. The peak flux density of the brightest GP is 19 Jy which is 110 times stronger than the mean pulse profile. The polarization properties of the average profile of GPs are similar to that of the pulses with energy less than 10 times average pulse energy in the bright state. This indicates that the emission mechanism is basically the same for them. Our results provide a new insight into the origin of the GPs in pulsars.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
A precisely aligned CCD mosaic for astronomy
Creators: name: Chapman, Scott Christopher
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: By relying on semiconductor lithography and processing techniques, I have fabricated a flat, precision aligned CCD mosaic for astronomical uses, and other imaging applications where large, flat focal planes are important. Modifications to the lithographic techniques used in micromachining lead to a significant reduction in various residue deposits, allowing a smooth surface suitable for CCD alignment. Details of the technique and the fabrication of a prototype mosaic are described. The composite device is flat to within ± 5 //m, with rows/columns oriented to within 20 ppm. The use of an existing technology with built in precision reduces many of the difficulties and expenses typically encountered with mosaic detector construction. Imaging with a prototype camera confirms the accuracy of alignment. Applications for the 5 meter liquid mirror telescope (LMT) are considered, using the mosaic in time-delay and integrate (TDI) mode.
Semi-analytical estimates for the orbital stability of Earth's satellites
Creators: name: De Blasi, Irene
name: Celletti, Alessandra
name: Efthymiopoulos, Christos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70F15 (Primary) 37N05, 34C60 (Secondary)

description: Normal form stability estimates are a basic tool of Celestial Mechanics for characterizing the long-term stability of the orbits of natural and artificial bodies. Using high-order normal form constructions, we provide three different estimates for the orbital stability of point-mass satellites orbiting around the Earth. i) We demonstrate the long term stability of the semimajor axis within the framework of the $J_2$ problem, by a normal form construction eliminating the fast angle in the corresponding Hamiltonian and obtaining $H_{J_2}$ . ii) We demonstrate the stability of the eccentricity and inclination in a secular Hamiltonian model including lunisolar perturbations (the 'geolunisolar' Hamiltonian $H_{gls}$), after a suitable reduction of the Hamiltonian to the Laplace plane. iii) We numerically examine the convexity and steepness properties of the integrable part of the secular Hamiltonian in both the $H_{J_2}$ and $H_{gls}$ models, which reflect necessary conditions for the holding of Nekhoroshev's theorem on the exponential stability of the orbits. We find that the $H_{J_2}$ model is non-convex, but satisfies a 'three-jet' condition, while the $H_{gls}$ model restores quasi-convexity by adding lunisolar terms in the Hamiltonian's integrable part.
description: 35 pages
Ternary solid dispersions: classification and formulation considerations
Creators: name: Borde, Shambhavi
name: Paul, Sagar Kumar
name: Chauhan, Harsh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The number of active pharmaceutical compounds from the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) belonging to Class II and IV have significantly increased in recent years. These compounds have high therapeutic potential but are difficult to formulate as oral dosage forms due to their poor aqueous solubility. The solubility and bioavailability of these poorly water-soluble compounds can be increased by various formulation approaches, such as amorphous solid dispersions (ASD), salt formation, complexations, etc. Out of these techniques, the ASD approach, where compounds are converted into amorphous form and embedded in the hydrophilic matrix, have been successfully used in many marketed preparations. The recent advancement of this ASD approach is the design of ternary solid dispersions (TSD), where an additional component is added to further improve their performance in terms of solubility, stability, and processability. This review discusses the classification, mechanism of performance improvement, preparation techniques, and characterizations for TSD.
An exact derivation of the Thomas precession rate using the Lorentz transformation
Creators: name: Mansuripur, Masud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the standard formalism of Lorentz transformation of the special theory of relativity, we derive the exact expression of the Thomas precession rate for an electron in a classical circular orbit around the nucleus of a hydrogen-like atom.
description: 10 pages, 32 equations, 10 references
Supplementary figures S1 to S7 from Fertility and mortality impacts of thermal stress from experimental heatwaves on different life stages and their recovery in a model insect
Creators: name: Sales, Kris
name: Ramakrishnan Vasudeva
name: Gage, Matthew J. G.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional figures to present details of protocols and supplementary results, including a read me first text file to explain the raw data.
The boundary element approach to Van der Waals interactions
Creators: name: Veble, Gregor
name: Podgornik, Rudolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a boundary element method to calculate Van der Waals interactions for systems composed of domains of spatially constant dielectric response. We achieve this by rewriting the interaction energy expression exclusively in terms of surface integrals of surface operators. We validate this approach in the Lifshitz case and give numerical results for the interaction of two spheres as well as the van der Waals self-interaction of a uniaxial ellipsoid. Our method is simple to implement and is particularly suitable for a full, non-perturbative numerical evaluation of non-retarded van der Waals interactions between objects of a completely general shape.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, RevTex
Lamotrigine Therapy for Bipolar Depression: Analysis of Self-Reported Patient Data
Creators: name: Nzeyimana, Antoine
name: Saunders, Kate EA
name: Geddes, John R
name: McSharry, Patrick E
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background: Depression in people with bipolar disorder is a major cause of long-term disability, possibly leading to early mortality and currently, limited safe and effective therapies exist. A double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial (CEQUEL study) was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Lamotrigine plus Quetiapine versus Quetiapine monotherapy in patients with bipolar type I or type II disorders. Objective: The objective of our study was to reanalyze CEQUEL data and determine an unbiased classification accuracy for active lamotrigine versus placebo. We also wanted to establish the time it took for the drug to provide statistically significant outcomes. Methods: Between October 21, 2008 and April 27, 2012, 202 participants from 27 sites in United Kingdom were randomly assigned to two treatments; 101: lamotrigine, 101: placebo. The primary variable used for estimating depressive symptoms was based on the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-self report version 16 (QIDS-SR16). We analyze the data using feature engineering and simple classifiers. Results: From weeks 10 to 14, the mean difference in QIDS-SR16 ratings between the groups was -1.6317 (P=.09; sample size=81, 77; 95% CI -0.2403 to 3.5036). From weeks 48 to 52, the mean difference was -2.0032 (P=.09; sample size=54, 48; 95% CI -0.3433 to 4.3497). The coefficient of variation and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) exponent alpha had the greatest explanatory power. The out-of-sample classification accuracy for the 138 participants who reported more than 10 times after week 12 was 62%. A consistent classification accuracy higher than the no-information benchmark was obtained in week 44. Conclusions: Lamotrigine plus Quetiapine treatment decreased depressive symptoms in patients, but with substantial temporal instability. A trial of at least 44 weeks was required to achieve consistent results.
Elicitation - switch-reference
Creators: name: Soria Pérez, Celia
name: Clem, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: amc

description: This bundle contains recordings and associated notes from an elicitation session conducted by Emily Clem with Celia Soria Pérez. Topics covered include word order with complex nominals, attitude reports, switch-reference, and binding.
The Theory of Nuclear Forces: Is the Never-Ending Story Coming to an End?
Creators: name: Machleidt, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review the recent progress in our understanding of nuclear forces in terms of an effective field theory (EFT) for low-energy QCD and put this progress into historical perspective. This is followed by an assessment of the current status of EFT based nuclear potentials. In concluding, I will summarize some unresolved issues.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures; plenary talk at 18th International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB18), Santos, SP, Brazil, August 2006
A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF BANKING SECTOR IPOS FROM 2011 TO 2022
Creators: name: J. RAJESH
name: Dr. SANJEEV KUMAR
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Initial Public Offerings (IPOs), Capital, Banking Industry, Market Structure, Finance.

description: Abstract

This comprehensive study provides a rigorous examination of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) within the banking sector for the period spanning from 2011 to 2022. The review's scope spans a broad array of subjects, such as financial performance, market conditions, regulatory modifications, and investor perspectives. The findings of the study disclose a complex interplay of several factors that might lead to diverse financial outcomes. Certain financial organizations saw robust stock performance and revenue growth subsequent to their first public offering (IPO), whilst others had challenges pertaining to profitability. The impact of regulatory changes, including the heightened capital adequacy and transparency norms, significantly affected the strategy and outcomes of initial public offerings (IPOs). The role of investor sentiment has become a pivotal determinant of performance, with a strong correlation to market conditions, economic indicators, and perceived risk levels. The significance of time became evident as banks consistently synchronized their initial public offerings with favourable market periods. This research offers valuable insights for financial institutions contemplating initial public offerings (IPOs), emphasizing the need of proactive regulatory alignment, strategic timing, and effective investor engagement. This statement emphasizes the importance of ongoing adjustment in a constantly changing financial environment. It also emphasizes the need for further investigation into the lasting effects of regulations, the disruptive influence of financial technology, the dynamics of cross-border transactions, and the incorporation of sustainability factors in initial public offerings within the banking sector. This research is necessary to provide guidance to institutions navigating the dynamic landscape of initial public offerings.
The Evolution of the Luminosity Function for Luminous Compact Blue Galaxies to z=1
Creators: name: Hunt, L. R.
name: Pisano, D. J.
name: Crawford, S. M.
name: Bershady, M. A.
name: Wirth, G. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Luminous Compact Blue Galaxies (LCBGs) are compact, star-forming galaxies that are rarely observed in the local universe but abundant at z=1. This increase in LCBG number density over cosmic lookback time roughly follows the increase in the star formation rate density of the universe over the same period. We use publicly available data in the COSMOS field to study the evolution of the largest homogeneous sample of LCBGs to date by deriving their luminosity function in four redshift bins over the range $0.1\leq~z\leq1$. We find that over this redshift range, the characteristic luminosity (M$^{*}$) increases by $\sim$0.2 mag, and the number density increases by a factor of four. While LCBGs make up only about $18\%$ of galaxies more luminous than M$_{B}=-$18.5 at $z\sim0.2$, they constitute roughly $54\%$ at z$\sim$0.9. The strong evolution in number density indicates that LCBGs are an important population of galaxies to study in order to better understand the decrease in the star formation rate density of the universe since $z\sim1$.
description: 19 pages, 12 Figures, Accepted in ApJ
Preparation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system containing chrysin
Creators: name: Qu, Yong
name: Mu, Shunda
name: Song, Chengwu
name: Zheng, Guohua
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: To prepare a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) to increase the solubility and oral bioavailability of chrysin. The preparation conditions were determined using factor analysis method. Preliminarily screening was conducted using compatibility tests and pseudo-ternary phase diagram studies. The central composite design-response surface methodology was used to determine the maximum drug loading and optimize SMEDDS formation, as characterized by surface morphology, pH, diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and phase type. In vitro release of chrysin-suspension and chrysin-SMEDDS was investigated using the bulk-equilibrium reverse dialysis bag technique. Short-term stability of chrysin-SMEDDS at high and low temperatures was assessed. Pharmacokinetic behaviors were evaluated after intragastric and intravenous administration to rats. The final optimal formulation was medium chain triglyceride:oleic acid:Cremophor RH40: Transcutol HP (w/w) (12%:12%:32%:44%), with a drug loading capacity of 5 mg/g. Diluted chrysin-SMEDDS was characterized as an oil-in-water type and spherical, with a diameter, pH, PDI, and zeta potential of 28.26 ± 0.83 nm, 5.60 ± 0.84, 0.18 ± 0.01, and −23.13 ± 0.95 mV, respectively. The release speed of chrysin-SMEDDS was significantly higher than that of chrysin-suspension, and the release process was not affected by the media pH. In vivo pharmacokinetic data revealed that the oral bioavailability of chrysin-SMEDDS was 2.7-fold higher than that of chrysin suspension, compared with the chrysin microemulsion. The optimal SMEDDS formulation increased the dissolution and oral bioavailability of chrysin and may be useful for investigating chrysin efficacy in animal disease models and toxicokinetic studies.
Elicitation - switch-reference and relative clauses
Creators: name: Sampi Ríos, Celia
name: Clem, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: amc

description: This bundle contains recordings and associated notes from an elicitation session conducted by Emily Clem with Celia Sampi Ríos. Topics covered include switch-reference, relative clauses, binding, attitude reports, and questions.
Coronal Condensation as the Source of Transition Region Supersonic Downflows above a Sunspot
Creators: name: Chen, Hechao
name: Tian, Hui
name: Li, Leping
name: Peter, Hardi
name: Chitta, Lakshmi Pradeep
name: Hou, Zhenyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plasma loops or plumes rooted in sunspot umbrae often harbor downflows with speeds of 100 km/s. These downflows are supersonic at transition region temperatures of 0.1 MK. The source of these flows is not well understood. We aim to investigate the source of sunspot supersonic downflows (SSDs) in AR 12740 using simultaneous spectroscopic and imaging observations. We identified SSD events from multiple raster scans of a sunspot by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, and calculated the electron densities, mass fluxes and velocities of these SSDs. The EUV images provided by the AIA onboard the SDO and the EUVI onboard the STEREO were employed to investigate the origin of these SSDs and their associated coronal rain. Almost all the identified SSDs appear at the footpoints of sunspot plumes and are temporally associated with appearance of chromospheric bright dots inside the sunspot umbra. Dual-perspective EUV imaging observations reveal a large-scale closed magnetic loop system spanning the sunspot region and a remote region. We observed that the SSDs are caused by repeated coronal rain that forms and flows along these closed magnetic loops toward the sunspot. One episode of coronal rain clearly indicates that reconnection near a coronal X-shaped structure first leads to the formation of a magnetic dip. Subsequently, hot coronal plasma catastrophically cools from 2 MK in the dip region via thermal instability. This results in the formation of a transient prominence in the dip, from which the cool gas mostly slides into the sunspot along inclined magnetic fields under the gravity. This drainage process manifests as a continuous rain flow, which lasts for around 2 hrs and concurrently results in a nearly steady SSD event. Our results demonstrate that coronal condensation in magnetic dips can result in the quasi-steady sunspot supersonic downflows.
Development of UV–visible spectrophotometric methods for the quantitative and in silico studies for cilazapril optimized by response surface methodology
Creators: name: Khalil, Adila
name: Kashif, Mohammad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: For cilazapril (CLZ), analytical methods based on donor–acceptor phenomenon that are simple, rapid with broad linear dynamic range for the quantification of drug are not available in the literature. Considering the requirement for the methods, in this study, two economic, potent analytical methods based on the complexation of CLZ with π-acceptors, 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-p-benzoquinone (CA) were developed, validated, and studied spectrophotometrically. Various analytical data were discussed. The effects of experimental variables were optimized from the results of in silico technique, i.e. Box–Behnken design under response surface methodology. Linear dynamic range was significantly good in the range of 6–60 µg mL−1 and 20–260 µg mL−1 for DDQ and CA methods. Moreover, molecular docking studies corroborated the experimental results. Further, the methods were supplemented by the pharmaceutical and biological application for the quantitative assay of CLZ. Collectively, the results of the reported method of the analysis suggest that the developed approach is simple, sensitive, accurate and precise.
Unseen Target Stance Detection with Adversarial Domain Generalization
Creators: name: Wang, Zhen
name: Wang, Qiansheng
name: Lv, Chengguo
name: Cao, Xue
name: Fu, Guohong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Although stance detection has made great progress in the past few years, it is still facing the problem of unseen targets. In this study, we investigate the domain difference between targets and thus incorporate attention-based conditional encoding with adversarial domain generalization to perform unseen target stance detection. Experimental results show that our approach achieves new state-of-the-art performance on the SemEval-2016 dataset, demonstrating the importance of domain difference between targets in unseen target stance detection.
Turbulent Velocity Fields in SPH--simulated Galaxy Clusters
Creators: name: Vazza, F.
name: Tormen, G.
name: Cassano, R.
name: Brunetti, G.
name: Dolag, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the turbulent velocity fields in the Intra Cluster Medium of a sample of 21 galaxy clusters simulated by the SPH--code Gadget2, using a new numerical scheme where the artificial viscosity is suppressed outside shocks. The turbulent motions in the ICM of our simulated clusters are detected with a novel method devised to better disentangle laminar bulk motions from chaotic ones. We focus on the scaling law between the turbulent energy content of the gas particles and the total mass, and find that the energy in the form of turbulence scales approximatively with the thermal energy of clusters. We follow the evolution with time of the scaling laws and discuss the physical origin of the observed trends. The simulated data are in agreement with independent semi--analytical calculations, and the combination between the two methods allows to constrain the scaling law over more than two decades in cluster mass.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, MNRAS Letters in press, minor revisions added
Effects of Phragmites australis (Common Reed) Invasion on Nitrogen Cycling, Porewater Chemistry and Vegetation Structure in a Brackish Tidal Marsh of the Rhode River, Maryland
Creators: name: Meschter, Justin
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Environmental science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Invasion
subject: Nitrogen
subject: Phragmites australis
subject: Wetlands

description: Phragmites australis is one of the most widespread invasive species in wetland habitats of North America.  Conversion of existing wetland ecosystems to Phragmites-dominated communities decreases overall plant diversity and alters biogeochemical cycles, which can negatively affect ecosystem processes.  Previous studies demonstrated that Phragmites has a significantly greater above-ground nitrogen demand than native plants, likely due to its greater biomass.  To evaluate how invasion by Phragmites alters standing stock nitrogen, I measured above- and below-ground biomass and nitrogen stocks in both the invasive and native plant communities to examine how Phragmites is meeting its documented increased nitrogen demand in the Rhode River, a sub-estuary of the Chesapeake Bay in Edgewater, Maryland.  I also quantified deep N uptake using a 15N tracer study.  I found that Phragmites roots significantly deeper than native marsh grass communities and has the ability to utilize deeper nitrogen pools and take up nitrogen from deeper depths.  This enhanced rooting structure gives the invasive Phragmites the ability to potentially access lower salinity water, as well as tap nutrients unavailable to native marsh plant communities.
Experimental Observation of Environment-induced Sudden Death of Entanglement
Creators: name: Almeida, M. P.
name: de Melo, F.
name: Hor-Meyll, M.
name: Salles, A.
name: Walborn, S. P.
name: Ribeiro, P. H. Souto
name: Davidovich, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the difference between local, single-particle dynamics and global dynamics of entangled quantum systems coupled to independent environments. Using an all-optical experimental setup, we show that, while the environment-induced decay of each system is asymptotic, quantum entanglement may suddenly disappear. This "sudden death" constitutes yet another distinct and counter-intuitive trait of entanglement.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Creating Localized Amyloid Nucleation of Silk-Elastin-Like Peptide Polymer Using Atomic Force Microscopy
Creators: name: Stock, Brian
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: amyloid
subject: atomic force microscopy
subject: elastin
subject: nucleation
subject: protein polymer
subject: silk

description: Research into amyloids was initially motivated by pathogenic amyloids involved in disease states such as Alzheimer's; however, new research implicates small oliogmeric species and not the mature fibers. This lack of toxicity has allowed for the development of amyloid-based biomaterials for use as nanowires, biosensors, and tissue regeneration. The directed self-assembly of peptides into amyloid-like fibers for use as biomaterials requires the ability to control both the nucleation location and growth direction of the fiber. We have used Atomic Force Microscopy to repeatedly stretch Silk-Elastin-Like Peptide Polymer (SELP) in the normal direction using continuous pulling in a force acquisition mode which has the ability to create nanodots of SELP at a specified location which are capable of nucleating SELP nanofibers. This work, if generalized to other amyloidogenic systems, may aid in the mechanistic understanding of the assembly process of both pathogenic and functional amyloids.
The Mode Switching in Pulsar J1326$-$6700
Creators: name: Wen, Z. G.
name: Yan, W. M.
name: Yuan, J. P.
name: Wang, H. G.
name: Chen, J. L.
name: Mijit, M.
name: Yuen, R.
name: Wang, N.
name: Tu, Z. Y.
name: Dang, S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a detailed study of the mode switching in pulsar J1326$-$6700 by analyzing the data acquired from the Parkes 64 m radio telescope at 1369 MHz. During the abnormal mode, the emission at the central and trailing components becomes extremely weak. Meanwhile, the leading emission shifts toward earlier longitude by almost 2°, and remains in this position for typically less than a minute. The mean flux density of the normal mode is almost five times that of the abnormal mode. Our data show that, for PSR J1326$-$6700, 85% of the time was spent in the normal mode and 15% was in the abnormal mode. The intrinsic distributions of mode timescales can be well described by Weibull distributions, which present a certain amount of memory in mode switching. Furthermore, a quasiperiodicity has been identified in the mode switching in pulsar J1326$-$6700. The estimated delay emission heights based on the kinematical effects indicate that the abnormal mode may have originated from higher altitude than the normal mode.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Characterization of raft-forming alginate suspensions formed in HCl or model food systems at varying pH levels to better simulate gastric postprandial conditions
Creators: name: Keppler, S.
name: Mannara, G.
name: Marra, F.
name: Bornhorst, G. M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Elucidate properties of raft-forming alginates in vitro with varying composition, a system in which the raft was formed (HCl solution; tomato soup; protein-rich beverage), and pH levels for a more accurate representation of postprandial gastric conditions. Knowledge of the impact of the food system and pH on properties of raft-forming alginates may aid in formulation optimization. Recommendations may be made on food that is consumed prior to their consumption to optimize efficacy as a therapeutic agent. Dispersions of sodium alginate, calcium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate were prepared with levels similar to commercial formulations. Rafts were formed in HCl solution, tomato soup, and a protein-rich beverage at pH 1–4 to assess raft properties. Significant differences (p In vitro testing of raft forming alginates in HCl solution at low pH may not be sufficient to describe in vivo events, as a strong matrix effect was observed when rafts were formed in model meal systems at representative postprandial pH levels.
Growth of Two-dimensional Compound Materials: Controllability, Material Quality, and Growth Mechanism
Creators: name: Tang, Lei
name: Tan, Junyang
name: Nong, Huiyu
name: Liu, Bilu
name: Cheng, Hui-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CONSPECTUS: Two-dimensional (2D) compound materials are promising materials for use in electronics, optoelectronics, flexible devices, etc. because they are ultrathin and cover a wide range of properties. Among all methods to prepare 2D materials, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is promising because it produces materials with a high quality and reasonable cost. So far, much efforts have been made to produce 2D compound materials with large domain size, controllable number of layers, fast-growth rate, and high quality features, etc. However, due to the complicated growth mechanism like sublimation and diffusion processes of multiple precursors, maintaining the controllability, repeatability, and high quality of CVD grown 2D binary and ternary materials is still a big challenge, which prevents their widespread use. Here, taking 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) as examples, we review current progress and highlight some promising growth strategies for the growth of 2D compound materials. The key technology issues which affect the CVD process, including non-metal precursor, metal precursor, substrate engineering, temperature, and gas flow, are discussed. Also, methods in improving the quality of CVD-grown 2D materials and current understanding on their growth mechanism are highlighted. Finally, challenges and opportunities in this field are proposed. We believe this review will guide the future design of controllable CVD systems for the growth of 2D compound materials with good controllability and high quality, laying the foundations for their potential applications.
description: 39 pages, 7 figures
Selective transverse mode emission from all polarization-maintaining fiber lasers
Creators: name: Wang, Sha
name: Hu, Xingwen
name: Zhang, Zhicheng
name: Wang, Shutong
name: Zhou, Shouhuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrated an all polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) laser which could offer selective transverse mode emission. Offset and cross splicing between PMF sections was used to generate higher order mode and to yield a birefringence induced mode filter. Polarization rotation technique (PRT) was used to select the output beam profile. Both linear cavity and ring cavity were explored. Experimentally, 360° rotating LP11 mode and OAM vortex beam with plus and minus 1 topological charges have been realized from an all PMF linear cavity laser and a ring cavity laser respectively.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella and E. coli from Pennsylvania Dairy Herds
Creators: name: Cao, Huilin
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Antimicrobial resistance
subject: Dairy farm
subject: E. coli
subject: Salmonella

description: The emergence and dissemination of bacterial antimicrobial resistance has become a major public health concern. A total of 444 manure composite samples were collected from 80 dairy farms in Pennsylvania, representing pre-weaned calves, post-weaned calves, dry cows, and lactating cows. E. coli and Salmonella were isolated, and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Salmonella was isolated from at least one sample from 51 (64%) farms and was more prevalent in adult animals than young animals. The predominant serotypes were Cerro, Montevideo and Kentucky. Salmonella isolates were mostly susceptible to all antimicrobials. E. coli were commonly resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole and ampicillin. Resistance of up to 8 classes of antibiotics was observed in E. coli isolated from young animals. The blaCMY- and blaCTX-M-carrying E. coli were detected in 35% and 5% of the farms, respectively. The presence of multi-drug resistant E. coli suggested potential risks to human health associated with dairy farming.
Physical Mechanism for the Intermediate Characteristic Stellar Mass in the Extremely Metal-poor Environments
Creators: name: Tsuribe, T.
name: Omukai, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If a significant fraction of metals is in dust, star-forming cores with metallicity higher than a critical value ~10^{-6}-10^{-5}Z_sun are able to fragment by dust cooling, thereby producing low-mass cores. Despite being above the critical metallicity, a metallicity range is found to exist around 10^{-5}-10^{-4}Z_sun where low-mass fragmentation is prohibited. In this range, three-body H_2 formation starts at low (~100K) temperature and thus the resulting heating causes a dramatic temperature jump, which makes the central part of the star-forming core transiently hydrostatic and thus highly spherical. With little elongation, the core does not experience fragmentation in the subsequent dust-cooling phase. The minimum fragmentation mass is set by the Jeans mass just before the H_2 formation heating, and its value can be as high as ~10M_sun. For metallicity higher than ~10^{-4}Z_sun, H_2 formation is almost completed by the dust-surface reaction before the onset of the three-body reaction, and low-mass star formation becomes possible. This mechanism might explain the higher characteristic mass of metal-poor stars than in the solar neighborhood presumed from the statistics of carbon-enhanced stars.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, ApJ Letters in press
Application of Ejector Cycle on Household Refrigerators
Creators: name: Li, Manjie
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Engineering
subject: Mechanical engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: Ejector
subject: R-600a
subject: Refrigerator

description: In this study, an enhanced single-evaporator refrigeration system with an ejector was studied, which can recover part of the expansion loss from the system. The focus of the study was applying the ejector cycle to the household refrigerator experimentally and numerically, which had a small refrigerant mass flow rate and a sub-zero evaporating temperature. The ejector designed from the previous work was fabricated and its test facility was constructed and instrumented. The test results were analyzed with the partial help of simulation software. The achieved maximum COP of ejector cycle was 2.4 at evaporating temperature of -10°C. Test results show that the pressure drop along the ejector suction loop needs to be carefully designed and poor mixing inside the ejector significantly impairs the ejector and overall system performance. More research work is needed to further prove the potential of ejector cycle in refrigerator system.
Characterization of raft-forming alginate suspensions formed in HCl or model food systems at varying pH levels to better simulate gastric postprandial conditions
Creators: name: Keppler, S.
name: Mannara, G.
name: Marra, F.
name: Bornhorst, G.M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Elucidate properties of raft-forming alginates in vitro with varying composition, system in which the raft was formed (HCl solution; tomato soup; protein-rich beverage), and pH levels for a more accurate representation of postprandial gastric conditions. Knowledge of the impact of food system and pH on properties of raft-forming alginates may aid in formulation optimization. Recommendations may be made on food that is consumed prior to their consumption to optimize efficacy as a therapeutic agent. Dispersions of sodium alginate, calcium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate were prepared with levels similar to commercial formulations. Rafts were formed in HCl solution, tomato soup, and a protein-rich beverage at pH 1 – 4 to assess raft properties. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in raft mass, strength, resilience, and ability to buffer acid were observed depending on the system in which the rafts were formed. Highest mass was obtained in tomato soup (48.5 ± 9.8 g) compared to the protein-rich beverage and HCl solution (32.5 ± 4.5 g and 23.4 ± 4.8 g, respectively) at pH 1. Rafts formed in the protein-rich beverage exhibited the highest strength. Rafts formed in both food systems had a greater ability to buffer added acid compared to rafts formed in HCl solution. In vitro testing of raft forming alginates in HCl solution at low pH may not be sufficient to describe in vivo events, as a strong matrix effect was observed when rafts were formed in model meal systems at representative postprandial pH levels.
MEMS Conveyance: Piezoelectric Actuator Arrays for Reconfigurable RF Circuits
Creators: name: Tellers, Mary
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mechanical engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: MEMS
subject: Micromanipulation
subject: Piezoelectric
subject: Reconfigurable RF circuits

description: An array of piezoelectric cantilevers was designed, fabricated, and characterized for use as a micromanipulation surface in a reconfigurable RF circuit micro-factory. The project, known as RFactory, is an effort by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory to create environmentally adaptable, rapidly upgradeable RF systems. The RFactory actuator surface uses unimorph lead zirconate titanate cantilevers with metal posts at the tip that exaggerate the horizontal deflection produced by out-of-plane bending. The motion of a circuit component on the surface has been modeled and observed experimentally. By varying the waveform, voltage amplitude, and frequency of the drive signal, as well as the actuator length and width, the speed and precision of the motion can be controlled. From these characterization efforts, operating conditions that create speeds above 1 mm/s and low positional error (<200 microns after 5 mm translation) have been identified. Finally, full system RF reconfigurability has been demonstrated.
DEVELOPING A FRAMEWORK FOR EX-POST VALUE FOR MONEY ANALYSIS IN PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PROJECTS
Creators: name: Ghorban, Amir
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Finance
subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Ex-post VFM
subject: Procurement
subject: Public-Private Partnerships
subject: Value for Money Analysis

description: In recent years, Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) has emerged as a project delivery option for transportation projects in the US. This type of project delivery is generally a long term agreement between the public and private sectors for the purpose of delivering a project or service traditionally provided by the public sector. Some of the reasons for implementing PPPs are the ability to provide an overall lower life-cycle cost and to increase cost and schedule certainty. This is sometimes referred to as the ability to provide a better Value for Money, hence the use of Value for Money (VFM) analyses to compare overall financial impacts of PPP against those of a traditional delivery alternative. While the VFM analysis is considered as the best practice for selecting PPP approach, the primary challenge in conducting the analysis, however, is to validate the empirical results of these studies. Most of the previous studies have investigated ex-ante results and little has been done in regards to what can be considered ex-post studies. This study presents a framework for ex-post value for money analysis. Processes, data requirement, and algorithms are developed to ensure an ex-post assessment can be performed at various stages of PPP project development including commercial close, substantial completion, during operation and maintenance phase, and final acceptance. The Presidio Parkway project in San Francisco will be used as a case study to illustrate the method and procedure of ex-post VFM analysis framework.
Constraints on stellar rotation from the evolution of Sr and Ba in the Galactic halo
Creators: name: Rizzuti, F.
name: Cescutti, G.
name: Matteucci, F.
name: Chieffi, A.
name: Hirschi, R.
name: Limongi, M.
name: Saro, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies show that the chemical evolution of Sr and Ba in the Galaxy can be explained if different production sites, hosting r- and s-processes, are taken into account. However, the question of unambiguously identifying these sites is still unsolved. Massive stars are shown to play an important role in the production of s-material if rotation is considered. In this work, we study in detail the contribution of rotating massive stars to the production of Sr and Ba, in order to explain their chemical evolution, but also to constrain the rotational behaviour of massive stars. A stochastic chemical evolution model was employed to reproduce the enrichment of the Galactic halo. We developed new methods for model-data comparison which help to objectively compare the stochastic results to the observations. We employed these methods to estimate the value of free parameters which describe the rotation of massive stars, assumed to be dependent on the stellar metallicity. We constrain the parameters using the observations for Sr and Ba. Employing these parameters for rotating massive stars in our stochastic model, we are able to correctly reproduce the chemical evolution of Sr and Ba, but also Y, Zr and La. The data supports a decrease of both the mean rotational velocities and their dispersion with increasing metallicity. Our results show that a metallicity-dependent rotation is a necessary assumption to explain the s-process in massive stars. Our novel methods of model-data comparison represent a promising tool for future galactic chemical evolution studies.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
New Energy Definition for Higher Curvature Gravities
Creators: name: Deser, S.
name: Tekin, Bayram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel but natural definition of conserved quantities for gravity models quadratic and higher in curvature. Based on the spatial asymptotics of curvature rather than of metric, it avoids the GR energy machinery's more egregious problems--such as zero energy "theorems" and failure in flat backgrounds -- in this fourth-derivative realm. In D>4, the present expression indeed correctly discriminates between second derivative Gauss-Bonnet and generic, fourth derivative, actions.
description: 3 pages, Typos fixed