cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Polarization of K-shell dielectronic recombination satellite lines of Fe XIX-XXV and its application for diagnostics of anisotropies of hot plasmas
Creators: name: Shah, Chintan
name: Amaro, Pedro
name: Steinbrügge, René
name: Bernitt, Sven
name: López-Urrutia, José R. Crespo
name: Tashenov, Stanislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic measurement of the X-ray emission asymmetries in the K-shell dielectronic, trielectronic, and quadruelectronic recombination of free electrons into highly charged ions. Iron ions in He-like through O-like charge states were produced in an electron beam ion trap, and the electron-ion collision energy was scanned over the recombination resonances. Two identical X-ray detectors mounted head-on and side-on with respect to the electron beam propagation recorded X-rays emitted in the decay of resonantly populated states. The degrees of linear polarization of X-rays inferred from observed emission asymmetries benchmark distorted-wave predictions of the Flexible Atomic Code (FAC) for several dielectronic recombination satellite lines. The present method also demonstrates its applicability for diagnostics of energy and direction of electron beams inside hot anisotropic plasmas. Both experimental and theoretical data can be used for modeling of hot astrophysical and fusion plasmas.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures, 10 tables, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Application of the dual-kinetic-balance sets in the relativistic many-body problem of atomic structure
Creators: name: Beloy, Kyle
name: Derevianko, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dual-kinetic-balance (DKB) finite basis set method for solving the Dirac equation for hydrogen-like ions [V. M. Shabaev et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 130405 (2004)] is extended to problems with a non-local spherically-symmetric Dirac-Hartree-Fock potential. We implement the DKB method using B-spline basis sets and compare its performance with the widely-employed approach of Notre Dame (ND) group [W.R. Johnson and J. Sapirstein, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 1126 (1986)]. We compare the performance of the ND and DKB methods by computing various properties of Cs atom: energies, hyperfine integrals, the parity-non-conserving amplitude of the $6s_{1/2}-7s_{1/2}$ transition, and the second-order many-body correction to the removal energy of the valence electrons. We find that for a comparable size of the basis set the accuracy of both methods is similar for matrix elements accumulated far from the nuclear region. However, for atomic properties determined by small distances, the DKB method outperforms the ND approach. In addition, we present a strategy for optimizing the size of the basis sets by choosing progressively smaller number of basis functions for increasingly higher partial waves. This strategy exploits suppression of contributions of high partial waves to typical many-body correlation corrections.
description: 10 pages
The Origin and Control of the Sources of AMR in (Ga,Mn)As Devices
Creators: name: Rushforth, A. W.
name: Výborný, K.
name: King, C. S.
name: Edmonds, K. W.
name: Campion, R. P.
name: Foxon, C. T.
name: Wunderlich, J.
name: Irvine, A. C.
name: Novák, V.
name: Olejník, K.
name: Kovalev, A. A.
name: Sinova, Jairo
name: Jungwirth, T.
name: Gallagher, B. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present details of our experimental and theoretical study of the components of the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) in (Ga,Mn)As. We develop experimental methods to yield directly the non-crystalline and crystalline AMR components which are then independently analyzed. These methods are used to explore the unusual phenomenology of the AMR in ultra thin (5nm) (Ga,Mn)As layers and to demonstrate how the components of the AMR can be engineered through lithography induced local lattice relaxations. We expand on our previous [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{99}, 147207 (2007)] theoretical analysis and numerical calculations to present a simplified analytical model for the origin of the non-crystalline AMR. We find that the sign of the non-crystalline AMR is determined by the form of spin-orbit coupling in the host band and by the relative strengths of the non-magnetic and magnetic contributions to the impurity potential.
description: Submitted to JMMM for conference proceedings of WUN-SPIN 2007 (York, UK)
Quantum Computational Complexity -- From Quantum Information to Black Holes and Back
Creators: name: Chapman, Shira
name: Policastro, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum computational complexity estimates the difficulty of constructing quantum states from elementary operations, a problem of prime importance for quantum computation. Surprisingly, this quantity can also serve to study a completely different physical problem - that of information processing inside black holes. Quantum computational complexity was suggested as a new entry in the holographic dictionary, which extends the connection between geometry and information and resolves the puzzle of why black hole interiors keep growing for a very long time. In this pedagogical review, we present the geometric approach to complexity advocated by Nielsen and show how it can be used to define complexity for generic quantum systems; in particular, we focus on Gaussian states in QFT, both pure and mixed, and on certain classes of CFT states. We then present the conjectured relation to gravitational quantities within the holographic correspondence and discuss several examples in which different versions of the conjectures have been tested. We highlight the relation between complexity, chaos and scrambling in chaotic systems. We conclude with a discussion of open problems and future directions. This article was written for the special issue of EPJ-C Frontiers in Holographic Duality.
description: Review article, 43 pages, 22 figures
Additional file 1: of Circulating microRNAs and prediction of asthma exacerbation in childhood asthma
Creators: name: Kho, Alvin
name: McGeachie, Michael
name: Moore, Kip
name: Sylvia, Jody
name: Weiss, Scott
name: Kelan Tantisira
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Circulating MicroRNAs and Prediction of Asthma Exacerbation in Childhood Asthma. e-Table S1. Asthma Exacerbation Clinical Score. e-Table S2. Cross-validation (10-fold) of AUROC (all data). e-Table S3. DAVID Biocarta Pathway Analysis. e-Table S4. Top DAVID GOTERM_BP DIRECT. e-Figure S1. DAVID (Database from Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery) Biocarta Pathway analysis - Inactivation of GSK3 by AKT causes accumulation of b-catenin in alveolar macrophages. miRTarBase 6.0 was used to determine experimentally validated microRNA-target interactions with genes. The gene list was subsequently used for pathway analysis. The genes marked with the red star are targeted by the microRNA. (DOCX 956 kb)
How important is secular evolution for black hole and neutron star mergers in 2+2 and 3+1 quadruple-star systems?
Creators: name: Vynatheya, Pavan
name: Hamers, Adrian S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mergers of black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs) result in the emission of gravitational waves that can be detected by LIGO. In this paper, we look at 2+2 and 3+1 quadruple-star systems, which are common among massive stars, the progenitors of BHs and NSs. We carry out a detailed population synthesis of quadruple systems using the MSE code, which seamlessly takes into consideration stellar evolution, binary and tertiary interactions, $N$-body dynamics, and secular evolution. We find that, although secular evolution plays a role in compact object (BH and NS) mergers, (70--85) \% (depending on the model assumptions) of the mergers are solely due to common envelope (CE) evolution. Significant eccentricities in the LIGO band (higher than 0.01) are only obtained with zero supernova (SNe) kicks and are directly linked to the role of secular evolution. A similar outlier effect is seen in the $χ_{\mathrm{eff}}$ distribution, with negative values obtained only with zero SNe kicks. When kicks are taken into account, there are no systems that evolve into a quadruple consisting of four compact objects. For our fiducial model, we estimate the merger rates (in units of $\Gpcyr$) in 2+2 quadruples (3+1 quadruples) to be 10.8 $\pm$ 0.9 (2.9 $\pm$ 0.5), 5.7 $\pm$ 0.6 (1.4 $\pm$ 0.4) and 0.6 $\pm$ 0.2 (0.7 $\pm$ 0.3) for BH-BH, BH-NS and NS-NS mergers respectively. The BH-BH merger rates represent a significant fraction of the current LIGO rates, whereas the other merger rates fall short of LIGO estimates.
description: Accepted for publication by ApJ (with minor revisions)
title: Tracing star formation in galaxies with molecular line and continuum observations
Creators: name: Kohno, K
name: Muraoka, K
name: Hatsukade, B
name: Tanaka, K
name: Iono, D
name: Nakanishi, K
name: Tosaki, T
name: Sawada, T
name: Kawabe, R
name: Ezawa, H
name: Yamaguchi, N
name: Tamura, Y
name: Wilson, G
name: Yun, Min
name: Hughes, D
name: Matsushita, S
name: Pei-Ying, H
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics and Astronomy

description: This is the pre-published version harvested from ArXiv. The published version is located at http://www.eas-journal.org/index.php?option=com_article&access=doi&doi=10.1051/eas:0831013&Itemid=129
description: We report our recent progress on extragalactic spectroscopic and continuum observations, including HCN(J=1–0), HCO+(J=1–0), and CN(N=1–0) imaging surveys of local Seyfert and starburst galaxies using the Nobeyama Millimeter Array, high-J CO observations (J=3–2 observations using the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE) and J=2–1 observations with the Submillimeter Array) of galaxies, and 1.1 mm continuum observations of high-z violent starburst galaxies using the bolometer camera AzTEC mounted on ASTE.
Solving the puzzle of discrepant quasar variability on monthly time-scales implied by SDSS and CRTS data sets
Creators: name: Suberlak, Krzysztof
name: Ivezić, Željko
name: MacLeod, Chelsea L.
name: Graham, Matthew
name: Sesar, Branimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an improved photometric error analysis for the 7,100 CRTS (Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey) optical light curves for quasars from the SDSS (Sloan Digital Sky Survey) Stripe 82 catalogue. The SDSS imaging survey has provided a time-resolved photometric data set which greatly improved our understanding of the quasar optical continuum variability: Data for monthly and longer time-scales are consistent with a damped random walk (DRW). Recently, newer data obtained by CRTS provided puzzling evidence for enhanced variability, compared to SDSS results, on monthly time-scales. Quantitatively, SDSS results predict about 0.06 mag root-mean-square (rms) variability for monthly time-scales, while CRTS data show about a factor of 2 larger rms, for spectroscopically confirmed SDSS quasars. Our analysis has successfully resolved this discrepancy as due to slightly underestimated photometric uncertainties from the CRTS image processing pipelines. As a result, the correction for observational noise is too small and the implied quasar variability is too large. The CRTS photometric error correction factors, derived from detailed analysis of non-variable SDSS standard stars that were re-observed by CRTS, are about 20-30%, and result in reconciling quasar variability behaviour implied by the CRTS data with earlier SDSS results. An additional analysis based on independent light curve data for the same objects obtained by the Palomar Transient Factory provides further support for this conclusion. In summary, the quasar variability constraints on weekly and monthly time-scales from SDSS, CRTS and PTF surveys are mutually compatible, as well as consistent with DRW model.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, published in MNRAS https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2310
Semi-Siamese Bi-encoder Neural Ranking Model Using Lightweight Fine-Tuning
Creators: name: Jung, Euna
name: Choi, Jaekeol
name: Rhee, Wonjong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.3.3

description: A BERT-based Neural Ranking Model (NRM) can be either a crossencoder or a bi-encoder. Between the two, bi-encoder is highly efficient because all the documents can be pre-processed before the actual query time. In this work, we show two approaches for improving the performance of BERT-based bi-encoders. The first approach is to replace the full fine-tuning step with a lightweight fine-tuning. We examine lightweight fine-tuning methods that are adapter-based, prompt-based, and hybrid of the two. The second approach is to develop semi-Siamese models where queries and documents are handled with a limited amount of difference. The limited difference is realized by learning two lightweight fine-tuning modules, where the main language model of BERT is kept common for both query and document. We provide extensive experiment results for monoBERT, TwinBERT, and ColBERT where three performance metrics are evaluated over Robust04, ClueWeb09b, and MS-MARCO datasets. The results confirm that both lightweight fine-tuning and semi-Siamese are considerably helpful for improving BERT-based bi-encoders. In fact, lightweight fine-tuning is helpful for crossencoder, too
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Minima in branching random walks
Creators: name: Addario-Berry, Louigi
name: Reed, Bruce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J80 (Primary), 60G50 (Secondary)

description: Given a branching random walk, let $M_n$ be the minimum position of any member of the $n$th generation. We calculate $\mathbf{E}M_n$ to within O(1) and prove exponential tail bounds for $\mathbf{P}\{|M_n-\mathbf{E}M_n|>x\}$, under quite general conditions on the branching random walk. In particular, together with work by Bramson [Z. Wahrsch. Verw. Gebiete 45 (1978) 89--108], our results fully characterize the possible behavior of $\mathbf {E}M_n$ when the branching random walk has bounded branching and step size.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AOP428 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Multiband counterparts of two eclipsing ultraluminous X-ray sources in M 51
Creators: name: Urquhart, R.
name: Soria, R.
name: Johnston, H. M.
name: Pakull, M. W.
name: Motch, C.
name: Schwope, A.
name: Miller-Jones, J. C. A.
name: Anderson, G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery and interpretation of ionized nebulae around two ultraluminous X-ray sources in M 51; both sources share the rare property of showing X-ray eclipses by their companion stars, and are therefore prime targets for follow-up studies. Using archival Hubble Space Telescope images, we found an elongated, 100-pc-long emission-line structure associated with one X-ray source (CXOM51 J132940.0+471237; ULX-1 for simplicity), and a more circular, ionized nebula at the location of the second source (CXOM51 J132939.5+471244; ULX-2 for simplicity). We observed both nebulae with the Large Binocular Telescope's Multi-Object Double Spectrograph. From our analysis of the optical spectra, we argue that the gas in the ULX-1 bubble is shock-ionized, consistent with the effect of a jet with a kinetic power of $\approx$2 $\times 10^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$. Additional X-ray photo-ionization may also be present, to explain the strength of high-ionization lines such as He II $λ4686$ and [Ne V] $λ3426$. On the other hand, the emission lines from the ULX-2 bubble are typical for photoionization by normal O stars suggesting that the nebula is actually an H II region not physically related to the ULX but is simply a chance alignment. From archival Very Large Array data, we also detect spatially extended, steep-spectrum radio emission at the location of the ULX-1 bubble (consistent with its jet origin), but no radio counterpart for ULX-2 (consistent with the lack of shock-ionized gas around that source).
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 3: of Ending preventable maternal mortality: phase II of a multi-step process to develop a monitoring framework, 2016â 2030
Creators: name: R. Jolivet
name: Allisyn Moran
name: OâConnor, Meaghan
name: Chou, Doris
name: Bhardwaj, Neelam
name: Newby, Holly
name: Requejo, Jennifer
name: Schaaf, Marta
name: Say, Lale
name: Langer, Ana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: EPMM Phase II Indicators and Meta-Data. (PDF 107Â kb)
Inductive Graph Alignment Prompt: Bridging the Gap between Graph Pre-training and Inductive Fine-tuning From Spectral Perspective
Creators: name: Yan, Yuchen
name: Zhang, Peiyan
name: Fang, Zheng
name: Long, Qingqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: E.2

description: The "Graph pre-training and fine-tuning" paradigm has significantly improved Graph Neural Networks(GNNs) by capturing general knowledge without manual annotations for downstream tasks. However, due to the immense gap of data and tasks between the pre-training and fine-tuning stages, the model performance is still limited. Inspired by prompt fine-tuning in Natural Language Processing(NLP), many endeavors have been made to bridge the gap in graph domain. But existing methods simply reformulate the form of fine-tuning tasks to the pre-training ones. With the premise that the pre-training graphs are compatible with the fine-tuning ones, these methods typically operate in transductive setting. In order to generalize graph pre-training to inductive scenario where the fine-tuning graphs might significantly differ from pre-training ones, we propose a novel graph prompt based method called Inductive Graph Alignment Prompt(IGAP). Firstly, we unify the mainstream graph pre-training frameworks and analyze the essence of graph pre-training from graph spectral theory. Then we identify the two sources of the data gap in inductive setting: (i) graph signal gap and (ii) graph structure gap. Based on the insight of graph pre-training, we propose to bridge the graph signal gap and the graph structure gap with learnable prompts in the spectral space. A theoretical analysis ensures the effectiveness of our method. At last, we conduct extensive experiments among nodes classification and graph classification tasks under the transductive, semi-inductive and inductive settings. The results demonstrate that our proposed method can successfully bridge the data gap under different settings.
Hole Spin Qubits in Ge Nanowire Quantum Dots: Interplay of Orbital Magnetic Field, Strain, and Growth Direction
Creators: name: Adelsberger, Christoph
name: Benito, Mónica
name: Bosco, Stefano
name: Klinovaja, Jelena
name: Loss, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hole spin qubits in quasi one-dimensional structures are a promising platform for quantum information processing because of the strong spin-orbit interaction (SOI). We present analytical results and discuss device designs that optimize the SOI in Ge semiconductors. We show that at the magnetic field values at which qubits are operated, orbital effects of magnetic fields can strongly affect the response of the spin qubit. We study one-dimensional hole systems in Ge under the influence of electric and magnetic fields applied perpendicularly to the device. In our theoretical description, we include these effects exactly. The orbital effects lead to a strong renormalization of the g-factor. We find a sweet-spot of the nanowire (NW) g-factor where charge noise is strongly suppressed and present an effective low-energy model that captures the dependence of the SOI on the electromagnetic fields. Moreover, we compare properties of NWs with square and circular cross-sections with ones of gate-defined one-dimensional channels in two-dimensional Ge heterostructures. Interestingly, the effective model predicts a flat band ground state for fine-tuned electric and magnetic fields. By considering a quantum dot (QD) harmonically confined by gates, we demonstrate that the NW g-factor sweet spot is retained in the QD. Our calculations reveal that this sweet spot can be designed to coincide with the maximum of the SOI, yielding highly coherent qubits with large Rabi frequencies. We also study the effective g-factor of NWs grown along different high symmetry axes and find that our model derived for isotropic semiconductors is valid for the most relevant growth directions of non-isotropic Ge NWs. Moreover, a NW grown along one of the three main crystallographic axes shows the largest SOI. Our results show that the isotropic approximation is not justified in Ge in all cases.
Population transfer between two quantum states by piecewise chirping of femtosecond pulses: Theory and experiment
Creators: name: Zhdanovich, S.
name: Shapiro, E. A.
name: Shapiro, M.
name: Hepburn, J. W.
name: Milner, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and demonstrate the method of population transfer by piecewise adiabatic passage between two quantum states. Coherent excitation of a two-level system with a train of ultrashort laser pulses is shown to reproduce the effect of an adiabatic passage, conventionally achieved with a single frequency-chirped pulse. By properly adjusting the amplitudes and phases of the pulses in the excitation pulse train, we achieve complete and robust population transfer to the target state. The effect is demonstrated experimentally by observing piecewise excitation of Rubidium atoms from 5s_1/2 to 5p_1/2 electronic state. We show that similarly to the conventional adiabatic passage, the piecewise process is insensitive to the total excitation energy as long as the adiabaticity conditions are satisfied. The piecewise nature of the process suggests that robust and selective population transfer could be implemented in a variety of complex quantum systems beyond the two-level approximation.
description: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
What makes red quasars red? Observational evidence for dust extinction from line ratio analysis
Creators: name: Kim, Dohyeong
name: Im, Myungshin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Red quasars are very red in the optical through near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, which is possibly due to dust extinction in their host galaxies as expected in a scenario in which red quasars are an intermediate population between merger-driven star-forming galaxies and unobscured type 1 quasars. However, alternative mechanisms also exist to explain their red colors: (i) an intrinsically red continuum; (ii) an unusual high covering factor of the hot dust component, that is, $\rm CF_{HD} = {\it L}_{HD} / {\it L}_{bol}$, where the ${L}_{\rm HD}$ is the luminosity from the hot dust component and the ${L}_{\rm bol}$ is the bolometric luminosity; and (iii) a moderate viewing angle. In order to investigate why red quasars are red, we studied optical and NIR spectra of 20 red quasars at $z\sim$0.3 and 0.7, where the usage of the NIR spectra allowed us to look into red quasar properties in ways that are little affected by dust extinction. The Paschen to Balmer line ratios were derived for 13 red quasars and the values were found to be $\sim$10 times higher than unobscured type 1 quasars, suggesting a heavy dust extinction with $A_V > 2.5$ mag. Furthermore, the Paschen to Balmer line ratios of red quasars are difficult to explain with plausible physical conditions without adopting the concept of the dust extinction. The $\rm CF_{HD}$ of red quasars are similar to, or marginally higher than, those of unobscured type 1 quasars. The Eddington ratios, computed for 19 out of 20 red quasars, are higher than those of unobscured type 1 quasars (by factors of $3 \sim 5$), and hence the moderate viewing angle scenario is disfavored. Consequently, these results strongly suggest the dust extinction that is connected to an enhanced nuclear activity as the origin of the red color of red quasars, which is consistent with the merger-driven quasar evolution scenario.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A
Broadband microwave burst produced by electron beams
Creators: name: Altyntsev, A. T.
name: Fleishman, G. D.
name: Huang, G. -L.
name: Melnikov, V. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical and experimental study of fast electron beams attracts a lot of attention in the astrophysics and laboratory. In the case of solar flares the problem of reliable beam detection and diagnostics is of exceptional importance. This paper explores the fact that the electron beams moving oblique to the magnetic field or along the field with some angular scatter around the beam propagation direction can generate microwave continuum bursts via gyrosynchrotron mechanism. The characteristics of the microwave bursts produced by beams differ from those in case of isotropic or loss-cone distributions, which suggests a new tool for quantitative diagnostics of the beams in the solar corona. To demonstrate the potentiality of this tool, we analyze here a radio burst occurred during an impulsive flare 1B/M6.7 on 10 March 2001 (AR 9368, N27W42). Based on detailed analysis of the spectral, temporal, and spatial relationships, we obtained firm evidence that the microwave continuum burst is produced by electron beams. For the first time we developed and applied a new forward fitting algorithm based on exact gyrosynchrotron formulae and employing both the total power and polarization measurements to solve the inverse problem of the beam diagnostics. We found that the burst is generated by a oblique beam in a region of reasonably strong magnetic field ($\sim 200-300$ G) and the burst is observed at a quasi-transverse viewing angle. We found that the life time of the emitting electrons in the radio source is relatively short, $τ_l \approx 0.5$ s, consistent with a single reflection of the electrons from a magnetic mirror at the foot point with the stronger magnetic field. We discuss the implications of these findings for the electron acceleration in flares and for beam diagnostics.
description: Astrophysical Journal, accepted: 26 pages, 8 figures
Visible Consumption, Income Inequality and Social Comparisons. Evidence from Four Latin American Countries
Creators: name: Gorga, Rodrigo
name: Leites, Martín
name: Vigorito, Andrea
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Increased conspicuous consumption motivated by status-seeking behavior can undermine the gains in well-being derived from economic growth. Using expenditure surveys from Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Uruguay, we assess visible consumption motivated by status seeking behaviour, analyzing different hypotheses about the role of externalities driven by social comparisons and income inequality. Specifically, we provide evidence for the relevance of different reference groups, assessing comparisons with richer (Veblen effects), poorer and similar profile groups (Duesenberry effects). We show that individuals are affected by multiple reference groups. Regarding between-group inequality, we find that individuals mainly seek to differentiate themselves from poorer groups, rather than imitating richer ones. In all cases, average reference group income of similar profile individuals is negatively related to visible consumption. Meanwhile, within-reference group responses are relevant in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico: increased visible goods consumption is associated with larger relative income gaps. In Argentina and Brazil, the sensitivity of visible goods expenditures to income is higher among households located above the reference threshold, which is consistent, again, with more affluent households trying to signal status by differentiating themselves from the most deprived group members. Meanwhile, in the case of Mexico, there is a symmetric response.
The Main Electrode System of the Nab Experiment and the Analysis of the Performance in the Measurement of the Fierz Term b
Creators: name: Li, Huangxing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Nab collaboration will study free neutron beta decay at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Lab. A neutron decays into a proton, an electron and an anti-neutrino in this process, where the energy of the outgoing protons and electrons are collected to determine (1) the electron-antineutrino correlation co-efficient $a$ to the precision of |$Δa/a$|<=$10^{-3}$ and (2) the Fierz interference term $b$ to the precision of |$Δb/b$|<=$3*10^{-3}$. From the measurement of $a$, we can calculate the axial-vector to vector coupling ratio $λ$. Together with the neutron lifetime measurement, we could also calculate the upper right element of the Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix, and test the unitarity of that matrix. The measurement of $b$ could shed light on the physics beyond the Standard Model since $b$ is predicted to be 0 by the $V-A$ structure of weak interaction in the Standard Model. This thesis presents the design of Nab electrode system, and the solution to a major systematic effect in the measurement of $a$: the requirement of having a low electrical field environment in the neutron decay region. The electrode system has been built and installed successfully, and as our characterization and its analysis shows, the electrode system meets the required specifications. This thesis also gives a systematic uncertainty study for $b$ measurement and provides a table of the requirements for the $b$ measurement...
title: Domestic Elites, Military Regimes, and Thai Foreign Policy Making
Creators: name: Sittipat, Nattaporn
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 2019

description: It is generally acknowledged that Thai foreign policies in military regimes are subject to international pressures, leading the leaders to make policies to ensure the survival of the nation. Although existing literature on Thai foreign policy in military regimes discussing the effects of international pressures on Thai foreign policies is comprehensive, studies on what the features of the instability of the ruling coalitions in Thai military regimes are, and how this instability influences belligerent Thai foreign policies are relatively thin. In this thesis, I challenge the existing literature on Thai foreign policy in military regimes by arguing that the instability of ruling coalitions in Thai military regimes has two features: The conflicts among the elite groups in the military regimes and an inability of the military groups to use military force to resolve these conflicts. I also argue that the instability within the ruling coalitions of the military regimes has had a profound effect on Thai foreign policy making, precisely because the instability encourages the military groups to turn to utilise foreign policy as a means to stabilise their domestic power. I will illustrate my arguments in the case of Thai foreign policy which includes an analysis of the Japanese invasion of British Burma in 1941, during Phibunsongkhram’s administration, the Laos Crisis from 1961 to 1962 during Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat’s administration, and the Khmer Rouge and the Vietnam Invasion in 1983 during General Prem Tinsulanonda’s administration. This thesis is useful for the study of Thai foreign policy in military regimes because it fleshes out an account of the influence of elite groups’ disunity on foreign policy making that was neglected by the existing literature on Thai foreign policy in military regimes. However, it should be noted that by using only the three historical cases of Thailand, the main arguments advanced in this thesis are limited to explain foreign policy making of military regimes in other countries outside the selected cases.
Préface
Creators: name: Aurell, Martin
Publisher: name: Classiques Garnier
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ascèse
subject: Ascétisme
subject: Sémantique
subject: Épistémologie
subject: Histoire du christianisme
subject: Réception
subject: Pluridisciplinarité

description: La préface brosse un historique raisonné de l’évolution du terme d’ascèse, en relevant les inflexions successives du concept au fil des périodes chronologiques couvertes par l’ouvrage, non sans avoir rappelé au préalable les origines grecques du terme et ses emplois dans le monde classique, puis dans l’univers néotestamentaire. Sensible à la dimension pluridisciplinaire de l’ouvrage, elle souligne enfin à bon droit l’actualité toujours vive de l’ascèse pour le xxie siècle.
Interval Edge Colourings of Complete Graphs and n-cubes
Creators: name: Petrosyan, Petros A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For complete graphs and n-cubes bounds are found for the possible number of colours in an interval edge colourings.
description: 4 pages
Additional file 11: of Comparative analysis of binding patterns of MADS-domain proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana
Creators: name: Aerts, Niels
name: Bruijn, Suzanne De
name: Mourik, Hilda Van
name: Angenent, Gerco
name: Dijk, Aalt Van
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S5. G-box like motifs. Logo representation of all matches to the motifs found by MEME. Datasets are from (A) AG (B) AP3 (C) PI (D) SEP3 (E) SVP. (PDF 81 kb)
Warm inflation on the brane
Creators: name: Cid, M. Antonella
name: del Campo, Sergio
name: Herrera, Ramon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, warm inflationary models on a brane scenario are studied. Here we consider slow-roll inflation and high-dissipation regime in a high-energy scenario. General conditions required for these models to be realizable are derived. We describe scalar and tensor perturbations for these scenarios. Specifically we study power-law potentials considering a dissipation parameter to be a constant on the one hand and $ϕ$ dependent on the other hand. We use recent astronomical observations to restrict the parameters appearing in our model.
description: 20 pages and 2 figures
The nature of transport and ferromagnetic properties of the GaAs structures with the Mn δ-doped layer
Creators: name: Kudrin, A. V.
name: Vikhrova, O. V.
name: Danilov, Yu. A.
name: Dorokhin, M. V.
name: Kalentyeva, I. L.
name: Konakov, A. A.
name: Vasiliev, V. K.
name: Pavlov, D. A.
name: Usov, Yu. V.
name: Zvonkov, B. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reveal the nature of transport and ferromagnetic properties of the GaAs structure with the single Mn δ-doped layer. To modify the properties of the structure the electrically active radiation defects are created by irradiation with helium ions. The investigations show that the transport properties of the structure are determined by two parallel conduction channels (the channel associated with hole transport in the valence band and the channel associated with electron transport in the Mn impurity band) and that the ferromagnetic properties are determined by the electrons localized at the allowed states within the Mn impurity band. The results also help to understand the features of structures with the Mn δ-layer nearby the quantum well.
The role of leptonic CPV phases in cLFV observables
Creators: name: Kriewald, J.
name: Abada, A.
name: Teixeira, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In models where the Standard Model is extended by Majorana fermions, interference effects due to the presence of CP violating phases have been shown to play a crucial role in lepton number violating processes. However, important effects can also arise in lepton number conserving, but charged lepton flavour violating (cLFV) transitions and decays. Here we show that the presence of CP violating (Dirac and Majorana) phases can have a striking impact for the predicted rates of cLFV observables. We explore the interference effects in several cLFV observables, carrying for the first time a thorough analysis of the different observables and the implications for future observation. We discuss how the presence of leptonic CP violating phases might lead to a loss of correlation between observables (typically present in simple SM extensions via heavy sterile fermions), or even to the suppression of certain channels; these effects can be interpreted as suggestive of non-vanishing phases.
description: Contribution to the TAUP 2021 conference proceedings and to the NuFact 2021 conference proceedings, based on arXiv:2107.06313, 5 pages, 2 figures
CHANG-ES X: Spatially-resolved Separation of Thermal Contribution from Radio Continuum Emission in Edge-on Galaxies
Creators: name: Vargas, Carlos J.
name: Mora-Partiarroyo, Silvia Carolina
name: Schmidt, Philip
name: Rand, Richard J.
name: Stein, Yelena
name: Walterbos, Rene A. M.
name: Wang, Q. Daniel
name: Basu, Aritra
name: Patterson, Maria
name: Kepley, Amanda
name: Beck, Rainer
name: Irwin, Judith
name: Heald, George
name: Li, Jiangtao
name: Wiegert, Theresa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the application of star formation rate (SFR) calibrations using H$α$ and 22 micron infrared imaging data in predicting the thermal radio component for a test sample of 3 edge-on galaxies (NGC 891, NGC 3044, and NGC 4631) in the Continuum Halos in Nearby Galaxies -- an EVLA Survey (CHANG-ES). We use a mixture of H$α$ and 24 micron calibration from Calzetti et al. (2007), and a linear 22 micron only calibration from Jarrett et al. (2013) on the test sample. We apply these relations on a pixel-to-pixel basis to create thermal prediction maps in the two CHANG-ES bands: L- and C-band (1.5 GHz and 6.0 GHz, respectively). We analyze the resulting non-thermal spectral index maps, and find a characteristic steepening of the non-thermal spectral index with vertical distance from the disk after application of all methods. We find possible evidence of extinction in the 22 micron data as compared to 70 micron Spitzer Multband Imaging Photometer (MIPS) imaging in NGC 891. We analyze a larger sample of edge-on and face-on galaxy 25 micron to 100 micron flux ratios, and find that the ratios for edge-ons are systematically lower by a factor of 1.36, a result we attribute to excess extinction in the mid-IR in edge-ons. We introduce a new calibration for correcting the H$α$ luminosity for dust when galaxies are edge-on or very dusty.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ on December 24, 2017, 23 pages, 19 figures
Killing Growth: Homicides and Corporate Investment in Brazil
Creators: name: Loncan, Tiago
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: We examine the effects of violent crime on corporate investment and financing decisions of Brazilian firms. Exploring city variation in homicides, we find that an increase in the growth rate of homicides is associated with significantly lower corporate investments, with lower labour investments, and with a higher likelihood of layoffs. Spikes in violent crime are also associated with more conservative financing policies, reflected in higher cash holdings, in lower R&D (research and development) expenditures, and in lower dividend payments. Homicides further affect investment efficiency and financing choices, decoupling investment from debt finance and profitability. Moreover, the negative association between homicides and investment is significantly stronger in smaller firms, which highlights the uneven costs of violent crime in reducing firm growth.
A glint in the eye: photographic plate archive searches for non-terrestrial artefacts
Creators: name: Villarroel, Beatriz
name: Mattsson, Lars
name: Guergouri, Hichem
name: Solano, Enrique
name: Geier, Stefan
name: Dom, Onyeuwaoma Nnaemeka
name: Ward, Martin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present a simple strategy to identify Non-Terrestrial artefacts \citep[NTAs;][]{Kopparapu} in or near geosynchronous Earth orbits (GEOs). We show that even the small pieces of reflective debris in orbit around the Earth can be identified through searches for multiple transients in old photographic plate material exposed before the launch of first human satellite in 1957. In order to separate between possible false point-like sources on photographic plates from real reflections, we present calculations to quantify the associated probabilities of alignments. We show that in an image with nine "simultaneous transients" at least four or five point sources along a line within a $10 \ast 10$ arcmin$^{2}$ image box are a strong indicator of NTAs, corresponding to significance levels of $2.5$ to $3.9 σ$. This given methodology can then be applied to set an upper limit to the prevalence of NTAs with reflective surfaces in geosynchronous orbits.
description: Accepted into Acta Astronautica
Targeting Social Safety Nets: Evidence from Nine Programs in the Sahel
Creators: name: Schnitzer, Pascale
name: Stoeffler, Quentin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: This paper analyzes household data from nine programs in the Sahel region using a harmonized approach to compare Proxy-Means Testing (PMT) and Community-Based Targeting (CBT) as conducted in practice, once geographical targeting has been applied. Results show that the targeting performance measured depends critically on the definition of the targeting objectives, share of beneficiaries selected, and indices used to evaluate targeting. While PMT performs better in reaching the poorest households based on per capita consumption, it differs little from CBT, random or universal selection when distribution-sensitive measures are employed, or when food security is used as the welfare metric. Administrative costs associated with targeting represent only a small share of budgets. Results emphasize the importance of studying programs as implemented in practice instead of relying on simulations of targeting performance. They also suggest that PMT and CBT contribute little to poverty or food insecurity reduction efforts in poor and homogeneous settings.
Current Issues in Asteroseismology
Creators: name: Bazot, Michael
name: Monteiro, Mario J. P. F. G.
name: Straka, Christian W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this contribution we briefly review some of the current issues and promises for the future by asteroseismology. We are entering a new phase in this field driven by the wealth of data that has been collected and data that will soon be available for asteroseismology across the HR Diagram. Major difficulties in the descriptions of stellar interiors that arose in the second half of the 20th century may now be in part addressed and solved (this is the expectation!) by asteroseismology with unprecedented precision. In this contribution we list some of the key open questions in stellar physics, the seismic data we expect to collect in the near future, and some techniques that will provide the tools to connect data and models.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures - to appear in Helioseismology, Asteroseismology and MHD Connections, (Eds) L. Gizon et al., Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2008 [Revision 1 - english; Revision 2 - references]