cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary models for low-mass stars and brown dwarfs: uncertainties and limits at very young ages
Creators: name: Baraffe, I.
name: Chabrier, G.
name: Allard, F.
name: Hauschildt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse pre-Main Sequence evolutionary tracks for low mass stars with masses $m \le 1.4 \msol$ based on the Baraffe et al. (1998) input physics. We also extend the recent Chabrier et al. (2000) evolutionary models based on dusty atmosphere to young brown dwarfs down to one mass of Jupiter. We analyse current theoretical uncertainties due to molecular line lists, convection and initial conditions. Simple tests on initial conditions show the high uncertainties of models at ages $\simle$ 1 Myr. We find a significant sensitivity of atmosphere profiles to the treatment of convection at low gravity and $\te < 4000$ K, whereas it vanishes as gravity increases. This effect adds another source of uncertainty on evolutionary tracks at very early phases. We show that at low surface gravity ($\log g \simle 3.5$,) the common picture of vertical Hayashi lines with constant $\te$ is oversimplified. The effect of a variation of initial deuterium abundance is studied. We compare our models with evolutionary tracks available in the literature and discuss the main differences. We finally analyse to which extent current observations of young systems provide a good test for pre-Main Sequence tracks.
description: 12 pages, Latex file, uses aa.cls, accepted for publication in A&A
Additional file 1 of Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in mice triggers a slowly developing cascade of long-term and persistent behavioral deficits and pathological changes
Creators: name: Xu, Xiaoyun
name: Cowan, Matthew
name: Beraldo, Flavio
name: Schranz, Amy
name: McCunn, Patrick
name: Geremia, Nicole
name: Brown, Zalman
name: Patel, Maitray
name: Nygard, Karen L.
name: Khazaee, Reza
name: Lu, Lihong
name: Liu, Xingyu
name: Strong, Michael J.
name: Dekaban, Gregory A.
name: Menon, Ravi
name: Bartha, Robert
name: Daley, Mark
name: Mao, Haojie
name: Prado, Vania
name: Prado, Marco A. M.
name: Saksida, Lisa
name: Bussey, Tim
name: Brown, Arthur
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1. Fig. S1: Evaluating the inflammatory markers in brain samples from Naïve mice and shams sacrificed at 8 and 48 h after the last sham procedure. Western blot and subsequent densitometric analyses show the levels of GFAP (a), Iba1 (b), TNFα (c) and IL-6 (d) levels in brain samples from the prefrontal cortex of naïve mice and mice sacrificed 8 h and 48 h after their last sham procedure. β-actin levels were used as a loading control. None of the protein levels were found to be statistically different between any of the groups, n = 4–5 per group, p < 0.05; one-way ANOVA).
RADs energetics and constraints on emerging tori collisions around super-massive Kerr Black Holes
Creators: name: Pugliese, D.
name: Stuchlík, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide constraints on possible configurations and interactions of two coplanar tori orbiting a central Kerr black hole (BH), in dependence on its dimensionless spin. The two-tori configurations can be directly linked to the current models featuring the obscuration of galactic BH X-ray emission. The emergence of each torus instability phases is discussed and tori collision has been also investigated. The first simple evaluation of the center-of-mass energy proves that collision-energy-efficiency increases with the dimensionless BH spin. We explore the phenomenological aspects of the corotating and counterrotating tori by analyzing properties of the orbiting toroidal configurations related to the fluid enthalpy flux, the mass-flux, the mass-accretion-rates, and the cusp luminosity in the two cases of corotating and counterrotating fluids in dependence on the SMBH spin. The analysis resulted ultimately in a comparative investigation of the properties of corotating versus counterrotating tori, demonstrating that two accretion tori can orbit around the central Kerr attractor only under very specific conditions. Our results also demonstrate that the dynamics of the unstable phases of these double tori systems is significant for the high energy phenomena which could be observable in the X-ray emission and extremely energetic phenomena in active galactic nuclei and quasar.
description: 30 pages, 16 multi-panels figures, 2 tables
Gallup Poll # 1966-0727: Vietnam/Politics/UFOs/Safety Standards in Automobiles
Creators: name: Gallup
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: How long lived in current home (1); What state do you want to live in (1); Talk about most last week (1); Registered to vote (2); Plan to vote in election (2); Flying Saucers (4); People living on other planets (1); Johnson job approval (1); Settling Vietnam war (4); Reason for auto accidents (1); Reduce auto accidents (1); Safety belts (2); Make car safer (1); Higher safety standards (1); Increase income tax (3); Johnson handling of Vietnam (2); US response to South Vietnam stop fighting (1); Prices and wages be frozen (1); Election today (2); Elections for congress (2); Vote in 1964 election (1).
Synthesis and crystal structure of bis(morpholino dithiocarbamato) Cd(II) complex and its use as precursor for CdS quantum dots using different capping agents
Creators: name: Lebogang L. R. Mphahlele
name: Ajibade, Peter A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Marine Biology

description: Cadmium(II) morpholine dithiocarbamate complex [Cd(morphdtc)2] was synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The molecular structure of the complex showed Cd(II) ion in a distorted 4 + 2 octahedral geometry, in which the two morpholine dithiocarbamates act as bidentate chelating and the central Cd ion bond the sulfur atoms of adjacent morpholine acting as bridging ligands to form centrosymmetric five coordinate dimeric molecules. The Cd(II) complex was thermolysed at 180°C to prepare CdS nanoparticles using three different capping agents. The pXRD patterns revealed a mixture of hexagonal and cubic crystalline phases of CdS nanocrystals. TEM images revealed semi-spherical and spherical nanoparticles, with the size range of 4.50–5.70 nm for OLM-CdS, 3.33–5.96 nm for HDA-CdS, and 3.00–5.83 nm for ODA-CdS. The particle size distribution of the CdS nanocrystallite is within the range 1.06 nm (SD ± 0.73) for OLM-CdS, 0.68 nm, (SD ±0.73) for HDA-CdS and 1.18 nm, (SD ± 0.60) for ODA-CdS. The lattice fringes showed that the particles are almost in the same environment with the interplanar of 0.32 nm for OLM-CdS, 0.34 nm for HDA-CdS, and 0.32 nm ODA-CdS. The band gaps energy were confirmed to be 1.59 eV for OLM-CdS, 1.65 eV for HDA-CdS, and 1.62 eV for ODA-CdS nanoparticles, respectively.
Building fraction estimation through analogy and partitioning: A test of two interventions.
Creators: name: Viegut, Alexandria
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Educational Psychology
subject: Science and Mathematics Education
subject: Education
subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: analogy
subject: education
subject: fractions
subject: mathematics
subject: number line estimation
subject: numerical cognition

description: This study will test whether the effects of fraction number line training differ depending on which interpretation of fractions is highlighted. Our prior study showed that a brief lesson which used alignment to show an analogy between whole number number line estimation (NLE) and fraction NLE led to improvements in young children's fraction NLE, relative to a control condition. In this study, we will compare a modified version of our alignment intervention to an existing fraction estimation lesson focused on partitioning (Hamdan & Gunderson, 2017). Do the alignment and partitioning approaches support different types of fraction knowledge? Are they separate routes into the same knowledge structure? How do they compare to a fraction lesson without number lines? This project will investigate these questions by directly comparing the effects of three fraction lessons (alignment number line, partitioning number line, and partitioning area model control) on 3rd grade students' fraction skills. We seek to replicate and extend prior work by more extensively testing the transfer, maintenance, and robustness of the effects. Findings will inform theory and practice about how number line representations can be best used to support fraction learning.
Revealing exciton masses and dielectric properties of monolayer semiconductors with high magnetic fields
Creators: name: Goryca, M.
name: Li, J.
name: Stier, A. V.
name: Taniguchi, T.
name: Watanabe, K.
name: Courtade, E.
name: Shree, S.
name: Robert, C.
name: Urbaszek, B.
name: Marie, X.
name: Crooker, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In semiconductor physics, many essential optoelectronic material parameters can be experimentally revealed via optical spectroscopy in sufficiently large magnetic fields. For monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenide semiconductors, this field scale is substantial --tens of teslas or more-- due to heavy carrier masses and huge exciton binding energies. Here we report absorption spectroscopy of monolayer MoS$_2$, MoSe$_2$, MoTe$_2$, and WS$_2$ in very high magnetic fields to 91~T. We follow the diamagnetic shifts and valley Zeeman splittings of not only the exciton's $1s$ ground state but also its excited $2s$, $3s$, ..., $ns$ Rydberg states. This provides a direct experimental measure of the effective (reduced) exciton masses and dielectric properties. Exciton binding energies, exciton radii, and free-particle bandgaps are also determined. The measured exciton masses are heavier than theoretically predicted, especially for Mo-based monolayers. These results provide essential and quantitative parameters for the rational design of opto-electronic van der Waals heterostructures incorporating 2D semiconductors.
description: updated; now also including data on MoTe2. Accepted & in press, Nature Commun
Lyman-break galaxies: are they young spheroids?
Creators: name: Matteucci, F.
name: Pipino, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have compared the results from a model for the chemical evolution of an elliptical galaxy with initial luminous mass of 2x10^10 M_sun and effective radius of 2 kpc with the recent abundance determinations for the Lyman-break galaxy MS 1512-cB58 at a redshift z=2.7276. After correcting the iron abundance determination for the presence of dust we concluded that the observed [Si/Fe], [Mg/Fe], [N/Fe] are consistent with our model when a galactic age between 20 and 35 Myr is assumed. Moreover, the [N/O] ratio also suggests the same age. This age is in very good agreement with other independent studies based on the analysis of the spectral energy distribution suggesting that this object is younger than 35 Myr. Therefore, we suggest that MS 1512-cB58 is a truly young normal elliptical galaxy experiencing its main episode of star formation and galactic wind.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, ApJ Letters accepted
In-Situ Observation of Membrane Protein Folding during Cell-Free Expression
Creators: name: Baumann, Axel
name: Kerruth, Silke
name: Fitter, Jörg
name: Büldt, Georg
name: Heberle, Joachim
name: Schlesinger, Ramona
name: Ataka, Kenichi
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik

description: Proper insertion, folding and assembly of functional proteins in biological membranes are key processes to warrant activity of a living cell. Here, we present a novel approach to trace folding and insertion of a nascent membrane protein leaving the ribosome and penetrating the bilayer. Surface Enhanced IR Absorption Spectroscopy selectively monitored insertion and folding of membrane proteins during cell-free expression in a label-free and non-invasive manner. Protein synthesis was performed in an optical cell containing a prism covered with a thin gold film with nanodiscs on top, providing an artificial lipid bilayer for folding. In a pilot experiment, the folding pathway of bacteriorhodopsin via various secondary and tertiary structures was visualized. Thus, a methodology is established with which the folding reaction of other more complex membrane proteins can be observed during protein biosynthesis (in situ and in operando) at molecular resolution. Introduction
Gallup Poll # 1966-0729: Vietnam/1968 Presidential Election
Creators: name: Gallup
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Lyndon B. Johnson job performance (3); think war in Vietnam will end in an all-out victory/compromise/defeat (1); would vote to continue war in Vietnam/withdraw troops during next few months (1); think communist China will/will not enter war in Vietnam with its armed forces (2); best presidential candidate for Republican party in 1968 (3); favor/oppose death penalty for persons convicted of murder (1); racial issues (2); good/poor idea to replace military draft with a lottery system (2); which party would like to see win in this district if elections for Congress were being held today (2); 1964 presidential election (1).
title: On the Relationship of OMT and BISE
title: Bringing Institutions in
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Wessel, Lauri
name: Gersch, Martin
name: Kops, Charlotte
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Organization and Management Theory
subject: Business Information Sys-tems Engineering
subject: Theoretical Foundations
subject: Neoinstitutional Theory
subject: Institu-tional Logics
subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::000 Informatik, Wissen, Systeme
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft

description: This paper advances Picot and Baumann’s (2009) central paper on how organization and management theory (OMT) can enhance business infor-mation systems engineering (BISE). In particular, we extend their focus in three ways. We introduce the industry and inter-organizational relations as levels of analysis, which are of interests to BISE and we show specific methods to ad-vance the links between OMT and BISE. We exemplify these points by a case study on BreatheCorp., a multinational company that recently entered into the provision of eHealth-based ventilation care services in Germany. Through our empirical study, we can also contribute to theorizing the role of context for in-ter-organizational information systems (IOIS).
Near-infrared polarimetric observations of the afterglow of GRB 000301C
Creators: name: Stecklum, B.
name: Fischer, O.
name: Klose, S.
name: Mundt, R.
name: Bailer-Jones, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on near-infrared polarimetric observations we constrain the degree of linear polarization of the afterglow light of GRB 000301C to less than 30% 1.8 days after the burst.
description: To appear in: Proc. 20th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics, eds. J. C. Wheeler and H. Martel
Holoptilinae Amyot & Serville 1843
Creators: name: Rédei, Dávid
name: Tsai, Jing-Fu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Reduviidae

description: Key to the species of Holoptilinae from Taiwan   1 Abdominal trichome absent (Figs. 45) (tribe Dasycnemini). Body small (about 3 mm); antenna 3-segmented; head elevated behind ocelli, with a radiating cluster of long serrate setae (Fig. 42); corium with two distinct cells (Fig. 65). Genus Locoptiris Villiers, 1943...............................................................................  Locoptiris taiwanensis sp. nov.
 – Abdominal trichome present (Figs. 55–56) (tribe Holoptilini). Body much larger (about 7 mm); antenna 4-segmented; head not elevated behind ocelli, without such cluster of setae; corium with three distinct cells (Fig. 66–67). Genus Ptilocerus Gray, 1831....... 2
 2 Corium occupying about basal one-fourth of total length of fore wing; anterior margin of membrane almost straight; membrane with several small rounded light spots (Fig. 66)............................................................................................ Ptilocerus kanoi Esaki, 1931
 – Corium occupying more than basal one-third of total length of fore wing; anterior margin of membrane evenly arched; membrane without small rounded light spots (Fig. 67)............................................................................................... Ptilocerus immitis Uhler, 1896
description: Published as part of Rédei, Dávid & Tsai, Jing-Fu, 2011, The assassin bug subfamilies Centrocnemidinae and Holoptilinae in Taiwan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae), pp. 411-442 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 51 (2) on pages 436-437, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5328439
Probing key informants’ views of health equity within the World Health Organization’s Urban HEART initiative
Creators: name: Enright, Theresa
name: Bump, Jesse Boardman
name: O’Campo, Patricia
name: Siddiqi, Arjumand
name: Amri, Michelle
name: Di Ruggiero, Erica
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2022

description:
To date, no studies have assessed how those involved in the World Health Organization’s (WHO) work understand the concept of health equity. To fill the gap, this research poses the question, “how do Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART) key informants understand the concept of health equity?”, with Urban HEART being selected given the focus on health equity. To answer this question, this study undertakes synchronous electronic interviews with key informants to assess how they understand health equity within the context of Urban HEART. Key findings demonstrate that: (i) equity is seen as a core value and inequities were understood to be avoidable, systematic, unnecessary, and unfair; (ii) there was a questionable acceptance of need to act, given that political sensitivity arose around acknowledging inequities as “unnecessary”; (iii) despite this broader understanding of the key aspects of health inequity, the concept of health equity was seen as vague; (iv) the recognized vagueness inherent in the concept of health equity may be due to various factors including country differences; (v) how the terms “health inequity” and “health inequality” were used varied drastically; and (vi) when speaking about equity, a wide range of aspects emerged. Moving forward, it would be important to establish a shared understanding across key terms and seek clarification, prior to any global health initiatives, whether explicitly focused on health equity or not.
Additional file 1 of csi-miR-96-5p delivered by Clonorchis sinensis extracellular vesicles promotes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma proliferation and migration via the ferroptosis-related PTEN/SLC7A11/GPX4 axis
Creators: name: Wen, Li-Jia
name: Yin, Ji-Gang
name: Wang, Yong-Xin
name: Liu, Kai
name: Zhao, Ji-Xue
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Developmental Biology
Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Sequences of primers used for reverse transcription and qPCR.
Myoxanthus parahybunensis Luer 1982
Creators: name: Rojas-Alvarado, Gustavo
name: Blanco, Mario A.
name: Karremans, Adam P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Asparagales
Orchidaceae
Myoxanthus
Myoxanthus parahybunensis

description: 36. Myoxanthus parahybunensis (Barb.Rodr.) Luer (1982a: 47). (Fig. 17B,C)
 Basionym: Anathallis parahybunensis Barbosa Rodrigues (1882: 76).
 TYPE:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: in trees along the River Parahybuna, 680 m, Barbosa Rodrigues s.n. (holotype: lost, lectotype selected in Rojas-Alvarado & Karremans 2020, tab. 150, in Iconogr. Orchid. Bresil, vol. 3, at the Library of Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, cited as tab. 789 [(unpublished) in Barbosa Rodrigues (1882: 76); copied and reproduced in black and white in Cogniaux [1896: tab. 111, fig. II, 1896]; reproduced in colour in Sprunger et al. (1996, vol. 1: 208).
 Heterotypic synonoyms: Pleurothallis peduncularis Lindley (1843: 47), nom. illeg. hom. non Hook. 1841. Humboltia peduncularis Kuntze (1891: 668), as “ Humboldtia ”, replacement name. Specklinia peduncularis Barros (1983 [1984]: 110), nom. illeg. TYPE:— BRAZIL. Without locality, imported from Rio de Janeiro by Messrs. Loddiges (holotype, K!).
 Pleurothallis macropus Schlechter (1915: 130).
 TYPE:— ECUADOR. San Nicolas: Río Pilaton, flowered in June 1886, Sodiro 30 [actually Luis Sodiro] (holotype: BR!; isotype, P!).
 Distribution:— Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil.
 Notes:— Myoxanthus parahybunensis is the oldest available name for the taxon commonly referred to as M. exasperatus, a name that has been misapplied (Rojas-Alvarado & Karremans 2020, see Myoxanthus exasperatus discussion). Since Pleurothallis peduncularis Lindl. is illegitimate (according to Art. 58.1, Ex. 1 of the International Code of Nomenclature, Turland et al. 2018), the name must be cited as Humboltia peduncularis Kuntze.
 Myoxanthus parahybunensis is recognized by its caespitose habit, ramicauls with few trichomes covering only the basal sheath of the ramicaul, other ramicaul sheaths smooth without trichomes or scars, flowers yellowish and whitish with sepals and petals narrowly elongate, the column not toothed but with purple wings and lip subpandurate with purple margins. Myoxanthus parahybunensis is similar to M. neilli but distinguished by flowers up to 10 mm in diameter vs. 5 mm and purple margins of the lip vs. greenish.
description: Published as part of Rojas-Alvarado, Gustavo, Blanco, Mario A. & Karremans, Adam P., 2021, A taxonomic synopsis and morphological characterization of Myoxanthus (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae), pp. 211-258 in Phytotaxa 507 (3) on page 244, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.507.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5425729
Comparing gas-phase and grain-catalyzed H2 formation
Creators: name: Glover, Simon C. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Because H2 formation on dust grain surfaces completely dominates gas-phase H2 formation in local molecular clouds, it is often assumed that gas-phase formation is never important. In fact, it is the dominant mechanism in a number of cases. In this paper, I briefly summarize the chemistry of gas-phase H2 formation, and show that it dominates for dust-to-gas ratios less than a critical value D_cr. I also show that D_cr is simple to calculate for any given astrophysical situation, and illustrate this with a number of examples, ranging from H2 formation in warm atomic gas in the Milky Way to the formation of protogalaxies at high redshift.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Accepted by ApJ
Data and topologies of two IEGSs used for case studies
Creators: name: Yang, Lun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Two IEGSs Used for Case Studies in Manuscript entitled “Two-stage Convexification Based Optimal Electricity-Gas Flow”
Exact solutions for compact stars with CFL quark matter
Creators: name: Rocha, L. S.
name: Bernardo, A.
name: de Avellar, M. G. B.
name: Horvath, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search for the true ground state of the dense matter remains open since Bodmer, Terazawa and other raised the possibility of stable quarks, boosted by Witten's $strange$ $matter$ hypothesis in 1984. Within this proposal, the strange matter is assumed to be composed of $strange$ quarks in addition to the usual $up$s and $down$s, having an energy per baryon lower than the strangeless counterpart, and even lower than that of nuclear matter. In this sense, neutron stars should actually be strange stars. Later work showed that a paired, symmetric in flavor, color-flavor locked (CFL) state would be preferred to the one without any pairing for a wide range of the parameters (gap $Δ$, strange quark mass $m_s$, and bag constant B). We use an approximate, yet very accurate, CFL equation of state (EoS) that generalizes the MIT bag model to obtain two families of exact solutions for the static Einstein field equations constructing families anisotropic compact relativistic objects. In this fashion, we provide exact useful solutions directly connected with microphysics.
description: Submitted to IJMPD on January 2020, 13 pages, 6 figures, anisotropy discussion enlarged and clarified
title: Spoilers or governance actors?
title: engaging armed non-state groups in areas of limited statehood
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Schneckener, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::350 Öffentliche Verwaltung, Militärwissenschaft::350 Öffentliche Verwaltung, Militärwissenschaft

description: Armed non-state groups pose a severe challenge for peace- and state-building processes. Depending on the situation, they may act as both spoilers and governance actors. This paper aims at presenting a framework for analysing armed groups as well as forms of engagement for international actors. It first describes various armed groups, which need to be distinguished in order to highlight specific profiles, as ideal types. Secondly, a number of strategies for dealing with these groups will be introduced and discussed by referring to realist, institutionalist and constructivist approaches. Thirdly, the conclusion will point to key problems and limits of these approaches when addressing the spectrum of armed groups. The argument here is that these approaches - despite their differences - by and large are directed to similar profiles of armed groups while other forms of non-state violence are systematically neglected.
description: Nicht-staatliche Gewaltakteure sind eine besondere Herausforderung für Peace- und Statebuilding- Prozesse. Je nach Situation agieren bewaffnete Gruppen als „Störenfriede“ oder als Governance-Akteure. Dieses Papier verfolgt die Absicht, einen konzeptionellen Rahmen für die Analyse von nicht-staatlichen Gewaltakteuren sowie der Gegenstrategien durch internationale Akteure bereitzustellen. Zunächst werden verschiedene Profile von bewaffneten Gruppen in Form von Idealtypen unterschieden. Zweitens werden eine Reihe von Strategien im Umgang mit solchen Akteuren eingeführt und diskutiert, wobei zwischen realistischen, institutionalistischen und konstruktivistischen Ansätzen unterschieden wird. Drittens verweist das Papier auf zentrale Probleme und Grenzen dieser Ansätze. Insbesondere wird deutlich, dass sich diese Strategien – ungeachtet ihrer inhaltlichen Differenzen – auf ähnliche Profile bewaffneter Gruppen konzentrieren, während andere Formen von nichtstaatlicher Gewalt systematisch vernachlässigt werden.
title: Protein from the sea
title: the global rise of fishmeal and the industrialization of Southeast Pacific fisheries, 1918 - 1973
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Wintersteen, Kristin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: fisheries
subject: environmental history
subject: environmental inequalities
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften

description: This paper examines why and how, amidst efforts to combat malnutrition both locally and globally, the post-World War II industrialization of Peruvian and Chilean fisheries focused ultimately on fishmeal production for animal feed. It highlights the transnational entanglements among the visions of key individuals and institutions in the emerging postwar international order and explains how these impacted fisheries development at the local scale. Despite technical assistance programs by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization that aimed to create local markets and use fish proteins to ameliorate malnutrition, industrialists from both North and South saw greater potential in fishmeal as an export commodity for farmed chickens, hogs, and later fish. By 1972, when the Peruvian anchoveta collapsed, the coastal waters off Peru and Chile had become the world’s primary source of concentrated fish proteins – a hidden but key ingredient in the global industrial food web – with serious consequences for local social and economic inequalities.
Musical mothering: Middle-class strategies and affect across generations
Creators: name: SALLY ANNE SAVAGE
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Musical mothering: Middle-class strategies and affect across generations is an intergenerational sociological study of ten middle-class mothers exploring the relationship between music and women’s mothering practices. Applying Bourdieu’s conceptual toolkit and feminist mothering theory, the study reveals a diversity of mothers’ stories to illustrate the joys and tensions in cultivating musical children. The findings show that music affords women deeper family connections, increased well-being and a means to be perceived as ‘good’ mothers. This study contributes to intergenerational studies of music and family life, highlighting how engagement with music – formally and informally – has significant consequences for mothering practices in Australia.
Parabazarella subneglecta
Creators: name: Ježek, Jan
name: Hájek, Josef
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Psychodidae
Parabazarella
Parabazarella subneglecta

description: Parabazarella subneglecta (Tonnoir, 1922)
 Unpublished record. Dobrá Voda [22], J, 23.ix.1993, J.
 Vegetation. 17, 19, 21, 34, 67, 98; 113, 119, 124.
Eurasian species, not common; for its distribution see WAGNER (1990).
description: Published as part of Ježek, Jan & Hájek, Josef, 2007, Psychodidae (Diptera) of the Orlické hory Protected Landscape Area and neighbouring areas with descriptions of two new species from the Czech Republic, pp. 237-285 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 47 on page 268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5328353
The X-ray R Aquarii: A Two-sided Jet and Central Source
Creators: name: Kellogg, E.
name: Pedelty, J. A.
name: Lyon, R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report Chandra ACIS-S3 x-ray imaging and spectroscopy of the R Aquarii binary system that show a spatially resolved two-sided jet and an unresolved central source. This is the first published report of such an x-ray jet seen in an evolved stellar system comprised of ~2-3 solar masses. At E < 1 keV, the x-ray jet extends both to the northeast and southwest relative to the central binary system. At 1 < E < 7.1 keV, R Aqr is a point-like source centered on the star system. While both 3.5-cm radio continuum emission and x-ray emission appear coincident in projection and have maximum intensities at ~7.5" northeast of the central binary system, the next strongest x-ray component is located \~30" southwest of the central binary system and has no radio continuum counterpart. The x-ray jets are likely shock heated in the recent past, and are not in thermal equilibrium. The strongest southwest x-ray jet component may have been shocked recently since there is no relic radio emission as expected from an older shock. At the position of the central binary, we detect x-ray emission below 1.6 keV consistent with blackbody emission at T ~2 x 10^6 K. At the central star there is also a prominent 6.4 keV feature, a possible fluorescence or collisionally excited Fe K-alpha line from an accretion disk or from the wind of the giant star. For this excitation to occur, there must be an unseen hard source of x-rays or particles in the immediate vicinity of the hot star. Such a source would be hidden from view by the surrounding edge-on accretion disk.
description: PS, 20 pages, including 3 figures PNG, JPG - accepted for publication in ApJ Letters. Subject headings: stars: individual (R Aquarii) -- binaries: symbiotic -- circumstellar matter -- stars: white dwarfs -- stars: winds, outflows -- radio continuum: stars -- x-rays: general
Stochastic Renormalization Group and Gradient Flow
Creators: name: Carosso, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A non-perturbative and continuous definition of RG transformations as stochastic processes is proposed, inspired by the observation that the functional RG equations for effective Boltzmann factors may be interpreted as Fokker-Planck equations. The result implies a new approach to Monte Carlo RG that is amenable to lattice simulation. Long-distance correlations of the effective theory are shown to approach gradient-flowed correlations, which are simpler to measure. The Markov property of the stochastic RG transformation implies an RG scaling formula which allows for the measurement of anomalous dimensions when transcribed into gradient flow expectation values.
description: 18 pages
Additional file 1 of Spatiotemporal distribution and environmental influences of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Shandong Province, China
Creators: name: Duan, Qing
name: Tian, Xueying
name: Pang, Bo
name: Zhang, Yuwei
name: Xiao, Chuanhao
name: Yao, Mingxiao
name: Ding, Shujun
name: Zhang, Xiaomei
name: Jiang, Xiaolin
name: Kou, Zengqiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1.
Observation of the Halo of NGC 3077 Near the "Garland" Region Using the Hubble Space Telescope
Creators: name: Sakai, Shoko
name: Madore, Barry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of upper main sequence stars and red giant branch stars in the halo of an amorphous galaxy, NGC3077. The observations were made using Wide Field Planetary Camera~2 on board the Hubble Space Telescope. The red giant branch luminosity function in I-band shows a sudden discontinuity at I = 24.0 +- 0.1 mag. Identifying this with the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB), and adopting the calibration provided by Lee, Freedman, & Madore (1993) and the foreground extinction of A_B = 0.21 mag, we obtain a distance modulus of (m-M)_0 = 27.93 +- 0.14(random) +- 0.16(sys). This value agrees well with the distance estimates of four other galaxies in the M81 Group. In addition to the RGB stars, we observe a concentration of upper main sequence stars in the halo of NGC3077, which coincides partially with a feature known as the ``Garland''. Using Padua isochrones, these stars are estimated to be <150 Myrs old. Assuming that the nearest encounter between NGC3077 and M81 occurred 280 Myrs ago as predicted by the numerical simulations (Yun 1997), the observed upper main sequence stars are likely the results of the star formation triggered by the M81-NGC3077 tidal interaction.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal
Learning as the Unsupervised Alignment of Conceptual Systems
Creators: name: Roads, Brett D.
name: Love, Bradley C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Concept induction requires the extraction and naming of concepts from noisy perceptual experience. For supervised approaches, as the number of concepts grows, so does the number of required training examples. Philosophers, psychologists, and computer scientists, have long recognized that children can learn to label objects without being explicitly taught. In a series of computational experiments, we highlight how information in the environment can be used to build and align conceptual systems. Unlike supervised learning, the learning problem becomes easier the more concepts and systems there are to master. The key insight is that each concept has a unique signature within one conceptual system (e.g., images) that is recapitulated in other systems (e.g., text or audio). As predicted, children's early concepts form readily aligned systems.
description: This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Nature Machine Intelligence. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0132-2
Observational evidence for a local underdensity in the Universe and its effect on the measurement of the Hubble Constant
Creators: name: Boehringer, Hans
name: Chon, Gayoung
name: Collins, Chris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For precision cosmological studies it is important to know the local properties of the reference point from which we observe the Universe. Particularly for the determination of the Hubble constant with low-redshift distance indicators, the values observed depend on the average matter density within the distance range covered. Here we used the spatial distribution of galaxy clusters to map the matter density distribution. The study is based on our CLASSIX galaxy cluster survey, which is highly complete and well characterised with galaxy clusters detected in X-rays. We find a local underdensity in the cluster distribution of about 30 - 60% which extends ~85 Mpc to the north and ~170 Mpc to the south. For three regions for which the galaxy density distribution has previously been studied, we find good agreement between the density distribution of clusters and galaxies. Correcting for the bias in the cluster distribution we infer an underdensity in the matter distribution of about -0.3 +- 0.15 (-0.2 +- 0.1) in a region with a radius of about 100 (~140) Mpc. Calculating the probability of finding such an underdensity theoretically in a LambdaCDM universe with concordance cosmological parameters, we find a probability characterised by sigma-values of 1.3-3.7. This indicates low probabilities, but with values of around 10% at the lower uncertainty limit, the existence of an underdensity cannot be ruled out. Inside this underdensity, the observed Hubble parameter will be larger by about 5.5 +2.1-2.8%, which explains part of the discrepancy between the locally measured value of H_0 compared to the value of H_0 inferred from the Planck observations of cosmic microwave background anisotropies. If distance indicators outside the local underdensity are included, as in many modern analyses, this effect is diluted.
description: 11 pages, 17 figures, Astronomy and Astrophysics in press
Strong lensing constraints on the velocity dispersion and density profile of elliptical galaxies
Creators: name: Davis, Adam N.
name: Huterer, Dragan
name: Krauss, Lawrence M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the statistics of strong gravitational lensing from the CLASS survey to impose constraints on the velocity dispersion and density profile of elliptical galaxies. This approach differs from much recent work, where the luminosity function, velocity dispersion and density profile were typically {\it assumed} in order to constrain cosmological parameters. It is indeed remarkable that observational cosmology has reached the point where we can consider using cosmology to constrain astrophysics, rather than vice versa. We use two different observables to obtain our constraints (total optical depth and angular distributions of lensing events). In spite of the relatively poor statistics and the uncertain identification of lenses in the survey, we obtain interesting constraints on the velocity dispersion and density profiles of elliptical galaxies. For example, assuming the SIS density profile and marginalizing over other relevant parameters, we find 168 km/s < sigma_* < 200 km/s (68% CL), and 158 km/s < sigma_* < 220 km/s (95% CL). Furthermore, if we instead assume a generalized NFW density profile and marginalize over other parameters, the slope of the profile is constrained to be 1.50 < beta < 2.00 (95% CL). We also constrain the concentration parameter as a function of the density profile slope in these models. These results are essentially independent of the exact knowledge of cosmology. We briefly discuss the possible impact on these constraints of allowing the galaxy luminosity function to evolve with redshift, and also possible useful future directions for exploration.
description: Uses the final JVAS/CLASS sample, more careful choice of ellipticals, added discussion of possible biases. Final results essentially unchanged. Matches the MNRAS version
The effects of density dependence on spatial aggregation in the maximum entropy theory of ecology
Creators: name: Brush, Micah
name: Harte, John
name: Franzman, Juliette
name: Kaito Umemura
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: Background/Question/Methods
Understanding spatial patterns in ecosystems quantitatively can lead to insights regarding the relative importance of underlying physical processes, and allows us to better predict what will happen to ecosystems under natural and anthropogenic disturbances. The Maximum Entropy Theory of Ecology (METE) is a theory that can simultaneously predict many patterns and distributions, including spatial patterns. However, the predictions from METE do not seem to be as accurate in disturbed ecosystems.
To compare spatial data to theory, we can bisect a plot and consider the probability that there are n individuals on one side given N total individuals. METE predicts that this probability distribution will be uniform, which is equivalent to using the Laplace rule of succession as a colonization rule. Ecologically, this leads to strong spatial aggregation. Another common theoretical approach is the random placement model, which predicts a binomial distribution. For many ecosystems METE overpredicts the amount of spatial aggregation, but there is more than predicted by random placement, which has none.
We add a density dependent death rule to modify the prediction of METE, where individuals die with probability proportional to n to some exponent ɑ and are replaced with the METE colonization rule.

Results/Conclusions
We derive the bisection probability distribution that results from using the Laplace rule of succession as a colonization rule with a density dependent death rule. The predictions show that we can vary the amount of spatial aggregation by varying the density dependence ɑ. With ɑ = 1, the distribution is unchanged from the original predictions of METE, and with ɑ = 2, the distribution approaches the binomial distribution for large N. In the intermediate regime 1 < ɑ < 2, we show that this model predicts less spatial aggregation than METE, but more than random placement. We also show that this model fits the data well and relate it to systems where we suspect density dependence does and does not matter. In the future, we will extend this theory to finer spatial scales beyond the first bisection.
Detection of a Quiescent Low Mass X-Ray Binary Companion in 47 Tucanae
Creators: name: Edmonds, Peter D.
name: Heinke, Craig O.
name: Grindlay, Jonathan E.
name: Gilliland, Ronald L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a search for optical counterparts to the two quiescent low mass X-ray binaries (X5 and X7) in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae, using high quality Chandra and HST images. A faint blue (V=21.7; U-V=0.9) star within 0.03" of the eclipsing system X5 shows variability on both short and long timescales, and is the counterpart of the X-ray source. The colors and variability of this object are consistent with the combination of light from an accretion disk and a red main sequence star (possibly somewhat larger than a normal MS star with similar luminosity). No evidence is found for a star showing either variability or unusual colors near the position of X7, but a probable chance superposition of a star with V=20.25 limits the depth of our search.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted for ApJ Letters