Cumbre Evans 1955
Creators: name: Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo
name: Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik
name: Casagrande, Mirna Martins
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Cumbre

description: Cumbre Evans, 1955
Cumbre Evans, 1955. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 4, p. 89, 169; type-species: [Phanis] cumbre Schaus, 1902.— Hemming, 1967. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Ent., Suppl. 9: 130.— Hayward, 1973. Op. Lill. 23: 78.— Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 16.— Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 2, p. 10.— Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 2, p. 17; App. 2, p. 1.— Bridges, 1988. Cat.-Fam.- Group & Gen.-Group Nam. 4, p. 33; 5, p. 2.— Bridges, 1994. Cat. Fam.-Group, Gen.-Group and Sp.-Group Nam. Hesperioidea 4, p. 9; 9, p. 19.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 8, 65, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea- Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 4, p. 902.
Systematic History. Genus described by Evans (1955) and mentioned in catalogs by other authors.
Diagnosis. Cumbre is distinguished from all other genera included in Moncini by the following characters: antenna long, reaching 70% of the costa, nudum black or dark rufous-brown, with 11 to 13 segments, present in all the apiculus and in part of the club; forewing with two groups of hyaline spots, one subapical with three small spots in R3–R4, R4–R5 and R5–M1 and another median, with two large nearly quadrate spots in M3–CuA1 and CuA1–CuA2, the last one more developed than the first; males with an inclined “V”-shaped brand at the origin of CuA2; forewing underside dark brown from discal region to anal margin; costal margin slightly rufous; submarginal patch pale brown to gray from R4 to CuA2, larger in M1; hindwing underside with a brown to dark brown basal band; a discal transverse pale brown to cream band from costal margin to 2A; a postdiscal transverse brown to dark brown band, from apex to 2A, with six postdiscal pale brown to gray spots in R s–M1, M1–M3 (two), M3–CuA1, CuA1–CuA2 and CuA2–2A (largest), sometimes fused with the submarginal patch; submarginal pale brown to gray patch from M1 to CuA2, larger in M3; male genitalia with a simple uncus; fenestra developed; ventral “S”-shaped arm of tegumen fused with the dorsal arm of saccus; anterior projection of saccus smaller, or equal to the length of tegumen+uncus; posterior projection of saccus absent; gnathos bifid, tubular, convergent and shorter than uncus; fultura inferior with developed anterior projections; valva with undeveloped costa, sacculus triangular, ampulla restricted to a small dorsal area, harpe developed with an upturned disto-dorsal spine (absent in C. meridionalis (Hayward, 1934)); aedeagus distally right-turned with a simple opening; cornuti present as innumerous micro spines; female genitalia with the ostium bursae opening located at the center of the sterigma; eighth tergum represented by two subrectangular lateral plates with a complete spiracular opening; bursa copulatrix eight to nine times longer than sterigma; ductus bursae elongated with two large bands of signa present throughout its extension, corpus bursae globular and corresponding to 1/5 of the bursae length.
Description. Head: dorsally dark brown with thin and elongated scales along the transfrontal suture, on frons and, beneath the eyes; eyes brown to dark brown; labial palpi quadrate, dark brown dorsally, becoming mixed with brown-white scales, with the first segment rectangular and short, second segment long, three times longer than the first, and third segment short, porrect, extending beyond the scales of the second segment; antenna long, reaching 70% of the costa, dorsally and ventrally black checkered with white at the base of all segments; club long, black dorsally and white ventrally; nudum with 11 to 13 segments, black or dark rufous-brown with white micro setae and one pair of spines laterally on each segment. Female as in male.
Thorax: entirely covered with dark rufous brown scales including the tegulae; legs latero-externally rufous brown and latero-internally pale yellow with white scales between femur-tibia. Female as in male.
Forewing length: males 12–17mm (n=46) and females 12.5–16.5mm (n=42); triangular, one and a half times longer than wide; origin of M2 closer to M3 than to M1; discal cell partially open due to the absence of dcm; 3A short. Females have a more rounded forewing than males and the dcm partially closes the discal cell.
Upper side: ground color brown to dark rufous brown; fringe pale brown; two groups of hyaline spots, one subapical with three small spots in R3–R4, R4–R5 and R5–M1 and one discal with two large spots, in M3–CuA1 and CuA1–CuA2, with the last one more developed than the first; males with an inclined “V”-shaped brand at the origin of CuA2 (Figs 17–20); costal margin slightly rufous; cream spot (sometimes absent) below the hyaline discal spot group on 2A. Female as in male, except for the absence of the brand and a fainter color pattern.
Underside: ground color brown to dark brown; fringe pale brown with dark brown scales at the end of the veins; outer marginal line dark brown, lighter at the veins; discal region dark, from the postdiscal region to anal margin dark; costal margin slightly rufous; apical region brown; pale brown to gray submarginal patch from R4 to CuA2, larger in M1. Female color pattern fainter than male.
Hindwing: oval-shaped with a prominent anal lobe; costal vein short; basal cell present; M2 absent in male; discal cell open, with a small branch of dci. Female has a subtriangular hindwing with a pronounced apex; M2 present and the discal cell closed.
Upper side: background color as in the forewing with several thin elongated scales in the median-posterior area; fringe pale brown; outer marginal line brown. Female color pattern fainter than male.
Underside: background color brown; fringe pale brown with dark brown scales at the end of the veins; outer marginal line brown, lighter at the veins; basal band brown to dark brown; discal transverse band pale brown to cream from costal margin to 2A; postdiscal area brown to dark brown; transverse band from apex to 2A with six pale brown to gray postdiscal spots in Rs–M1, M1–M3 (two spots), M3–CuA1, CuA1–CuA2, and a larger one in CuA2–2A; submarginal patch pale brown to gray from M1 to CuA2, larger in M3. Female color pattern fainter than male.
Abdomen: dorsally dark brown and ventrally cream with a black thin (sometimes absent) median line.
Male genitalia (Figs 21–44): tegumen quadrate to globose in lateral view, separated from uncus; ventral “S”- shaped arm of tegumen fused with the dorsal arm of saccus; fenestra developed; anterior projection of saccus smaller or equal to the length of tegumen+uncus; posterior projection of the saccus absent; uncus simple, thin or truncated with the distal portion downturned and equal or exceeding the length of the gnathos; gnathos bifid and formed by the superposition of two elongated plates, with a membranous area in the center; gnathos arms tubular, broader than uncus and with convergent tips (except C. meridionalis); fultura inferior “U” or “V” shaped; valva with undeveloped costa, sacculus triangular, ampulla restricted to a small dorsal area, harpe developed with an upturned disto-dorsal spine (absent in C. meridionalis). The ratio between valva and aedeagus is 0.8 to 0.87; aedeagus distally right-turned with simple opening; ejaculatory bulb opening wide, cornuti present as innumerous micro spines.
Female genitalia (Figs 45–60): sterigma sclerotized with the lamella antevaginalis restricted, narrow and with two lateral ribbed plates; lamella postvaginalis wide, distally divided and more sclerotinized; ostium bursae located centrally on the sterigma; eighth tergum represented by two subrectangular lateral plates with a complete spiracular opening (lost during the dissection of C. lamasi sp. nov.); papilla analis developed, rectangular or subrectangular; posterior apophysis present; bursa copulatrix eight to nine times longer than sterigma; ductus bursae elongated with two large bands of signa throughout its extension; corpus bursae globular and with 1/5 of bursa length.
Etymology. Cumbre is a tautonymy of its type species.
description: Published as part of Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins, 2014, Taxonomic revision of Cumbre Evans, 1955 (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae: Moncini), with the description of two new species, pp. 47-66 in Zootaxa 3841 (1) on pages 48-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3841.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/286773