cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multi-step VLBI observations of weak extragalactic radio sources to align the ICRF and the future GAIA frame
Creators: name: Bourda, G.
name: Charlot, P.
name: Porcas, R.
name: Garrington, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The space astrometry mission GAIA will construct a dense optical QSO-based celestial reference frame. For consistency between optical and radio positions, it will be important to align the GAIA frame and the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) with the highest accuracy. Currently, it is found that only 10% of the ICRF sources are suitable to establish this link, either because they are not bright enough at optical wavelengths or because they have significant extended radio emission which precludes reaching the highest astrometric accuracy. In order to improve the situation, we have initiated a VLBI survey dedicated to finding additional suitable radio sources for aligning the two frames. The sample consists of about 450 sources, typically 20 times weaker than the current ICRF sources (down to the 20 mJy flux level), which have been selected by cross-correlating optical and radio catalogues. This paper presents the observing strategy to detect, image, and measure accurate positions for these sources. It will also provide results about the VLBI detectability of the sources, as derived from initial observations with the European VLBI Network in June and October 2007. Based on these observations, an excellent detection rate of 89% is found, which is very promising for the continuation of this project.
A de Haas-van Alphen study of the filled skutterudite compounds PrOs$_4$As$_{12}$ and LaOs$_4$As$_{12}$
Creators: name: Ho, Pei-Chun
name: Singleton, J.
name: Maple, M. B.
name: Harima, Hisatomo
name: Goddard, P. A.
name: Henkie, Z.
name: Pietraszko, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comprehensive magnetic-field-orientation dependent studies of the susceptibility and de Haas-van Alphen effect have been carried out on single crystals of the filled skutterudites PrOs$_4$As$_{12}$ and LaOs$_4$As$_{12}$ using magnetic fields of up to 40~T. Several peaks are observed in the low-field susceptibility of PrOs$_4$As$_{12}$, corresponding to cascades of metamagnetic transitions separating the low-field antiferromagnetic and high-field paramagnetic metal (PMM) phases. The de Haas-van Alphen experiments show that the Fermi-surface topologies of PrOs$_4$As$_{12}$ in its PMM phase and LaOs$_4$As$_{12}$ are very similar. In addition, they are in reasonable agreement with the predictions of bandstructure calculations for LaOs$_4$As$_{12}$ on the PrOs$_4$As$_{12}$ lattice. Both observations suggest that the Pr 4$f$ electrons contribute little to the number of itinerant quasiparticles in the PMM phase. However, whilst the properties of LaOs$_4$As$_{12}$ suggest a conventional nonmagnetic Fermi liquid, the effects of direct exchange and electron correlations are detected in the PMM phase of PrOs$_4$As$_{12}$. For example, the quasiparticle effective masses in PrOs$_4$As$_{12}$ are found to decrease with increasing field, probably reflecting the gradual suppression of magnetic fluctuations associated with proximity to the low-temperature, low-field antiferromagnetic state.
Sensitivity to SUSY Seesaw Parameters and Lepton Flavour Violation
Creators: name: Teixeira, A. M.
name: Antusch, S.
name: Arganda, E.
name: Herrero, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the constraints on the SUSY seesaw parameters arising from Lepton Flavour Violation observables. Working in the Constrained Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model extended by three right-handed (s)neutrinos, we study the predictions for the branching ratios of $l_j \to l_i γ$ and $l_j \to 3 l_i$ channels. We impose compatibility with neutrino data, electric dipole moment bounds, and further require a successful baryon asymmetry of the Universe (via thermal leptogenesis). We emphasise the interesting interplay between $θ_{13}$ and the LFV muon decays, pointing out the hints on the SUSY seesaw parameters that can arise from measurements of $θ_{13}$ and LFV branching ratios. This is a brief summary of the work of Ref. \cite{Antusch:2006vw}.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Presented at 5th Flavor Physics and CP Violation Conference (FPCP 2007), Bled, Slovenia, 12-16 May 2007
Absence of Normalizable Time-periodic Solutions for The Dirac Equation in Kerr-Newman-dS Black Hole Background
Creators: name: Belgiorno, Francesco
name: Cacciatori, Sergio L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Dirac equation on the background of a Kerr-Newman-de Sitter black hole. By performing variable separation, we show that there exists no time-periodic and normalizable solution of the Dirac equation. This conclusion holds true even in the extremal case. With respect to previously considered cases, the novelty is represented by the presence, together with a black hole event horizon, of a cosmological (non degenerate) event horizon, which is at the root of the possibility to draw a conclusion on the aforementioned topic in a straightforward way even in the extremal case.
description: 12 pages. AMS style
Euclidean Wormholes in String Theory
Creators: name: Arkani-Hamed, Nima
name: Orgera, Jacopo
name: Polchinski, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that toroidal compactification of type II string theory to six dimensions admits axionic euclidean wormhole solutions. These wormholes can be inserted into $AdS_3 \times S^3 \times T^4$ backgrounds, which have a well-defined CFT dual. AdS/CFT duality then suggests that the wormhole solutions cannot be interpreted using $α$ parameters as originally suggested by Coleman.
description: 18 pages. ver. 2: typos corrected, references added
Using Local Volume data to constrain Dark Matter dynamics
Creators: name: Lavaux, G.
name: Mohayaee, R.
name: Colombi, S.
name: Tully, R. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The peculiar velocity reconstruction methods allow one to have a deeper insight into the distribution of dark matter: both to measure mean matter density and to obtain the primordial density fluctuations. We present here the Monge-Ampere-Kantorovitch method applied to mock catalogues mimicking in both redshift and distance catalogues. After having discussed the results obtained for a class of biases that may be corrected for, we focus on the systematics coming from the unknown distribution of unobserved mass and from the statistical relationship between mass and luminosity. We then show how to use these systematics to put constraints on the dark matter distribution. Finally a preliminary application to an extended version (c z < 3000 km/s) of the Neighbour Galaxy Catalogue is presented. We recover the peculiar velocities in our neighbourhood and present a preliminary measurement of the local Omega_M.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. To be published in the proceedings of ``Galaxies in the Local Volume'', Sydney 8 to 13 July 2007
Trabalho de campo de Biogeografia em tempos de pandemia: Geografias da experiência
Creators: name: Igor Oliveira Duarte
name: Janise Bruno Dias
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: R E S U M OO trabalho de campo é uma ferramenta essencial para se desenvolver o conhecimento geográfico. Ele proporciona ao estudante vivenciar os fenômenos geográficos, estando face às particularidades espaciais. A vivência de campo ainda possibilita a descoberta da potencialidade da percepção ambiental frente às transformações da paisagem e que o mesmo seja o porta–voz de seu aprendizado. Contudo, a pandemia de covid-19 impediu a ocorrência de trabalhos de campo para a graduação na UFMG. Ferramenta muito relevante e defendida no projeto pedagógico do curso de Geografia. No retorno presencial e ainda com restrições, a disciplina de Biogeografia se viu provocada a buscar novas propostas para a realização do campo. Assim, este trabalho busca avaliar as experiências de campo em Biogeografia, como ferramenta da construção do conhecimento geográfico, realizadas no primeiro semestre de 2022, através dos registros em diários de campo feitos pelos discentes.Palavras-Chaves: Trabalho de campo, biogeografia, pandemia.
Factors influencing the Martensitic interactions in Ni50Mn35Sn15: An EXAFS study
Creators: name: Bhobe, P. A.
name: Priolkar, K. R.
name: Sarode, P. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extended x-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) measurements have been carried out on Ni$_{50}$Mn$_{35}$Sn$_{15}$ in the austenitic and martensitic phase. The temperatures associated with structural and magnetic phase transformations are obtained from magnetization measurements. The system orders ferromagnetically below 319 K while the structural phase transition occurs at T$_M$ $\sim$ 200 K. EXAFS measurements have been carried out at Mn and Ni K-edges and changes associated with respect to the local structure of these absorbing atoms are compared. Significant changes in the nearest neighbour interactions are seen as the system transits to the low temperature martensitic phase. EXAFS provides evidence for local structural distortion even in the cubic phase that is not seen from the x-ray diffraction studies. The results obtained are understood in terms of changing hybridization between the constituent atoms that influence the electronic structure at the Fermi level, associated with the austenitic-to-martensitic transition.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures
Progenitors of low-mass binary black-hole mergers in the isolated binary evolution scenario
Creators: name: García, Federico
name: Bunzel, Adolfo Simaz
name: Chaty, Sylvain
name: Porter, Edward
name: Chassande-Mottin, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We aim to study the progenitor properties and expected rates of the two lowest-mass binary black hole (BH) mergers, GW 151226 and GW 170608, detected within the first two Advanced LIGO-Virgo runs, in the context of the isolated binary-evolution scenario. We use the public MESA code, which we adapted to include BH formation and unstable mass transfer developed during a common-envelope (CE) phase. Using more than 60000 binary simulations, we explore a wide parameter space for initial stellar masses, separations, metallicities, and mass-transfer efficiencies. We obtain the expected distributions for the chirp mass, mass ratio, and merger time delay by accounting for the initial stellar binary distributions. Our simulations show that, while the progenitors we obtain are compatible over the entire range of explored metallicities, they show a strong dependence on the initial masses of the stars, according to stellar winds. All the progenitors follow a similar evolutionary path, starting from binaries with initial separations in the $30-200~R_\odot$ range, experiencing a stable mass transfer interaction before the formation of the first BH, and a second unstable mass-transfer episode leading to a CE ejection that occurs either when the secondary star crosses the Hertzsprung gap or when it is burning He in its core. The CE phase plays a fundamental role in the considered low-mass range: only progenitors experiencing such an unstable mass-transfer phase are able to merge in less than a Hubble time. We find integrated merger-rate densities in the range $0.2-5.0~{\rm yr}^{-1}~{\rm Gpc}^{-3}$ in the local Universe for the highest mass-transfer efficiencies explored. The highest rate densities lead to detection rates of $1.2-3.3~{\rm yr}^{-1}$, being compatible with the observed rates. A high CE-efficiency scenario with $α_{\rm CE}=2.0$ is favored when comparing with observations. ABRIDGED.
description: 21 pages, 23 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Numerical code and MESA inlists can be found in: https://github.com/asimazbunzel/mesa_low_mass_bbhs
On the supersymmetric nonlinear evolution equations
Creators: name: Choudhuri, Amitava
name: Talukdar, B.
name: Ghosh, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supersymmetrization of a nonlinear evolution equation in which the bosonic equation is independent of the fermionic variable and the system is linear in fermionic field goes by the name B-supersymmetrization. This special type of supersymmetrization plays a role in superstring theory. We provide B-supersymmetric extension of a number of quasilinear and fully nonlinear evolution equations and find that the supersymmetric system follows from the usual action principle while the bosonic and fermionic equations are individually non Lagrangian in the field variable. We point out that B-supersymmetrization can also be realized using a generalized Noetherian symmetry such that the resulting set of Lagrangian symmetries coincides with symmetries of the bosonic field equations. This observation provides a basis to associate the bosonic and fermionic fields with the terms of bright and dark solitons. The interpretation sought by us has its origin in the classic work of Bateman who introduced a reverse-time system with negative friction to bring the linear dissipative systems within the framework of variational principle.
description: 12 pages, no figures
Density functional study of FeS, FeSe and FeTe: Electronic structure, magnetism, phonons and superconductivity
Creators: name: Subedi, Alaska
name: Zhang, Lijun
name: Singh, David J.
name: Du, Mao-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report density functional calculations of the electronic structure, Fermi surface, phonon spectrum, magnetism and electron-phonon coupling for the superconducting phase FeSe, as well as the related compounds FeS and FeTe. We find that the Fermi surface structure of these compounds is very similar to that of the Fe-As based superconductors, with cylindrical electron sections at the zone corner, cylindrical hole surface sections, and depending on the compound, other small hole sections at the zone center. As in the Fe-As based materials, these surfaces are separated by a 2D nesting vector at ($π$,$π$). The density of states, nesting and Fermi surface size increase going from FeSe to FeTe. Both FeSe and FeTe show spin density wave ground states, while FeS is close to an instability. In a scenario where superconductivity is mediated by spin fluctuations at the SDW nesting vector, the strongest superconductor in this series would be doped FeTe.
description: Added note regarding recent experimental observations of superconductivity under pressure. Some additional discussion
Generic One-Loop Matching Conditions for Rare Meson Decays
Creators: name: Bishara, Fady
name: Brod, Joachim
name: Gorbahn, Martin
name: Moldanazarova, Ulserik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Leptonic and semileptonic meson decays that proceed via flavour-changing neutral currents provide excellent probes of physics of the standard model and beyond. We present explicit results for the Wilson coefficients of the weak effective Lagrangian for these decays in any perturbative model in which these processes proceed via one-loop contributions. We explicitly show that our results are finite and gauge independent, and provide Mathematica code that implements our results in an easily usable form.
description: 13+6 pages, 2 figures, code available from https://wellput.github.io
Image Processing in Optical Guidance for Autonomous Landing of Lunar Probe
Creators: name: Meng, Ding
name: Yun-feng, Cao
name: Qing-xian, Wu
name: Zhen, Zhang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.9

description: Because of the communication delay between earth and moon, the GNC technology of lunar probe is becoming more important than ever. Current navigation technology is not able to provide precise motion estimation for probe landing control system Computer vision offers a new approach to solve this problem. In this paper, author introduces an image process algorithm of computer vision navigation for autonomous landing of lunar probe. The purpose of the algorithm is to detect and track feature points which are factors of navigation. Firstly, fixation areas are detected as sub-images and matched. Secondly, feature points are extracted from sub-images and tracked. Computer simulation demonstrates the result of algorithm takes less computation and fulfils requests of navigation algorithm.
description: Uploaded by ICIUS2007 Conference Organizer on behalf of the author(s). 5 pages, 8 figures
Bianchi II, VIII, and IX viscous fluid cosmology
Creators: name: Banerjee, A.
name: Sanyal, Abhik Kumar
name: Chakraborty, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the exact solutions for a viscous fluid distribution in Bianchi II, VIII, and IX models. The metric is simplified by assuming a relationship between the coefficients and the metric tensor. Solutions are obtained in two special cases: in one, an additional assumption is made where the matter density and the expansion scalar have a definite relation and in the other a barotropic equation of state between the matter density and the thermodynamic pressure is assumed. While the Bianchi II solutions are already found in the literature the other two classes of solutions are apparently new.
description: 7 pages, 0 figures
A non local phase field model of Bohm's quantum potential
Creators: name: Mauri, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assuming that the free energy of a gas depends non-locally on the logarithm of its mass density, the body force in the resulting equation of motion consists of the sum of density gradient terms. Truncating this series after the second term, Bohm's quantum potential and the Madelung equation are identically obtained, showing explicitly that some of the hypotheses that led to the formulation of quantum mechanics admit a classical interpretation based on non-locality.
description: 8 pages
Counting Chiral Operators in Quiver Gauge Theories
Creators: name: Butti, Agostino
name: Forcella, Davide
name: Hanany, Amihay
name: Vegh, David
name: Zaffaroni, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss in detail the problem of counting BPS gauge invariant operators in the chiral ring of quiver gauge theories living on D-branes probing generic toric CY singularities. The computation of generating functions that include counting of baryonic operators is based on a relation between the baryonic charges in field theory and the Kaehler moduli of the CY singularities. A study of the interplay between gauge theory and geometry shows that given geometrical sectors appear more than once in the field theory, leading to a notion of "multiplicities". We explain in detail how to decompose the generating function for one D-brane into different sectors and how to compute their relevant multiplicities by introducing geometric and anomalous baryonic charges. The Plethystic Exponential remains a major tool for passing from one D-brane to arbitrary number of D-branes. Explicit formulae are given for few examples, including C^3/Z_3, F_0, and dP_1.
description: 75 pages, 22 figures
On the (circular) polarization-independence of microwave-induced resistance oscillations and zero resistance state
Creators: name: Wang, Shenshen
name: Ng, Tai-Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The immunity of microwave-induced magneto-resistance oscillations and corresponding zero resistance regions to the direction of (circular) polarization of microwave is studied in this paper. We propose that a spontaneous circular motion of the whole electron fluid would stabilize the system and minimize the polarization sensitivity of the oscillatory DC resistance. Results of a self-consistent calculation capture the qualitative features of the experimental observation.
description: 4 two-column pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Irish ethnic consciousness : an anthropological view of its awakening, its maintenance, and its perpetuation in Northern Ireland
Creators: name: Kachuk, Patricia Mary Catherine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Ethnonational movements have proliferated throughout the world since the American and French Revolutions first gave birth to the consciousness that every nation has a right to self-determination. Whether these ethnic-based nationalist movements are a new phenomenon which is rooted in the Industrial Era of Europe, or are just a recent stage in an ethnic struggle that began during the initial cultural contact between two ethnically different groups and has persisted ever since, determines the point at which an analyst will choose to begin his or her investigation. Ultimately, the selection of this starting point determines the conclusions drawn about the cause and nature of ethnonational movements. In this thesis, the exploration of Irish ethnonationalism begins in the twelfth century when the Anglo-Normans invaded Ireland. The formation and development of the Irish ethnic group is analyzed, and self-identification found to be the key criterion for determining group membership. As social cleavages between the "Irish" and "colonizer" hardened, institutions and structures emerged to maintain and reinforce the ethnic boundary between these two groups. The thesis concludes with a detailed analysis of the operation of one mechanism of self-segregation--separate education—using ethnographic data and autobiographical accounts of the childhood experiences of people who were born and raised in Northern Ireland. In this thesis, it is argued that Irish ethnic consciousness was brought into awareness when the invading Anglo-Normans threatened to dissolve into chaos the existing Gaelic social order. It is contended that the ethnic struggle in Ireland which began in the twelfth century and still persists today in Northern Ireland, has no single cause, but was and still is fundamentally a cultural conflict which continues to be fuelled by a long history of "remembered" grievances—cultural, political, and economic--most of which predate industrialization and the American and French Revolutions. This past is kept alive by the institutions, structures, and practices which maintain and reinforce the ethnic boundary between Catholics and Protestants in contemporary Northern Ireland, thus ensuring that the Irish nationalist movement will continue to have at its disposal a sharply defined ethnic group which it can mobilize when necessary, and from which it can recruit new members.
Semiotic Aggregation in Deep Learning
Creators: name: Musat, Bogdan
name: Andonie, Razvan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Convolutional neural networks utilize a hierarchy of neural network layers. The statistical aspects of information concentration in successive layers can bring an insight into the feature abstraction process. We analyze the saliency maps of these layers from the perspective of semiotics, also known as the study of signs and sign-using behavior. In computational semiotics, this aggregation operation (known as superization) is accompanied by a decrease of spatial entropy: signs are aggregated into supersign. Using spatial entropy, we compute the information content of the saliency maps and study the superization processes which take place between successive layers of the network. In our experiments, we visualize the superization process and show how the obtained knowledge can be used to explain the neural decision model. In addition, we attempt to optimize the architecture of the neural model employing a semiotic greedy technique. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first application of computational semiotics in the analysis and interpretation of deep neural networks.
O fenômeno do negacionismo científico em relação ao Aquecimento Global e o filme "Não olhe para cima": Reflexões e aplicação em sala de aula
Creators: name: Paulo Roberto dos Santos
name: Emerson Ferreira Gomes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: R E S U M ONeste trabalho, discute-se o fenômeno do negacionismo e como este vem atrapalhando o desenvolvimento de políticas para diminuir os impactos das mudanças climáticas. Foi utilizado o filme “Não olhe para cima”, para ilustrar e debater o negacionismo e, a partir da análise de discurso bakhtiniana, relacionar com o cotidiano. O trabalho nasceu da necessidade de discutir em espaços educacionais esse fenômeno, que tem crescido nos últimos anos. O negacionismo interfere em muitos casos, como no movimento antivacina, o incentivo de uso de remédios sem eficácia, a negação da ação humana nas mudanças climáticas e alguns questionam até o formato do planeta Terra. Foram buscados na literatura acadêmica trabalhos que tratam das temáticas: ensino e cinema, cinema no ensino de ciências, análise de discurso bakhtiniana, aquecimento global, negacionismo científico, mudanças climáticas e assuntos relacionados. O filme retrata a sociedade e muitos de seus problemas, com personagens inspirados em pessoas reais, além do negacionismo, temos fake news, polarização política, políticos preocupados apenas com seus cargos, empresários gananciosos, imprensa movida por escândalos, sociedade alienada com celebridades, desigualdade de gênero e vários outros. Com um bom planejamento, podemos abordar diversos temas, como citado acima e desenvolver debates produtivos em espaços educacionais.Palavras-chaves: Negacionismo; Mudanças Climáticas; Análise de Discurso; Educação em Ciências.
Additional file 1 of Retinoic acid inhibits the angiogenesis of human embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells by activating FBP1-mediated gluconeogenesis
Creators: name: Yang, Zhuangzhuang
name: Yu, Miao
name: Li, Xuechun
name: Tu, Yuanyuan
name: Wang, Chunyan
name: Lei, Wei
name: Song, Min
name: Wang, Yong
name: Huang, Ying
name: Ding, Fengyue
name: Hao, Kaili
name: Han, Xinglong
name: Ni, Xuan
name: Qu, Lina
name: Shen, Zhenya
name: Hu, Shijun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. The supplemental information realted to the main text including Table S1–S4 and Figure S1–S6.
Unified origin of baryons and dark matter
Creators: name: Kitano, Ryuichiro
name: Murayama, Hitoshi
name: Ratz, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possibility that both the baryon asymmetry of the universe and the observed cold dark matter density are generated by decays of a heavy scalar field which dominates the universe before nucleosynthesis. Since baryons and cold dark matter have common origin, this mechanism yields a natural explanation of the similarity of the corresponding energy densities. The cosmological moduli and gravitino problems are avoided.
description: 12 pages, one figure; v2: matches version published in PLB
Luminescence quenching of the triplet excimer state by air traces in gaseous argon
Creators: name: Amsler, C.
name: Boccone, V.
name: Buchler, A.
name: Chandrasekharan, R.
name: Regenfus, C.
name: Rochet, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While developing a liquid argon detector for dark matter searches we investigate the influence of air contamination on the VUV scintillation yield in gaseous argon at atmospheric pressure. We determine with a radioactive alpha-source the photon yield for various partial air pressures and different reflectors and wavelength shifters. We find for the fast scintillation component a time constant tau1= 11.3 +- 2.8 ns, independent of gas purity. However, the decay time of the slow component depends on gas purity and is a good indicator for the total VUV light yield. This dependence is attributed to impurities destroying the long-lived argon excimer states. The population ratio between the slowly and the fast decaying excimer states is determined for alpha-particles to be 5.5 +-0.6 in argon gas at 1100 mbar and room temperature. The measured mean life of the slow component is tau2 = 3.140 +- 0.067 microsec at a partial air pressure of 2 x 10-6 mbar.
description: 7 pages submitted to NIM A
Current-induced domain wall motion in a nanowire with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Creators: name: Jung, Soon-Wook
name: Kim, Woojin
name: Lee, Taek-Dong
name: Lee, Kyung-Jin
name: Lee, Hyun-Woo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the current-induced magnetic domain wall motion in a metallic nanowire with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The anisotropy can reduce the critical current density of the domain wall motion. We explain the reduction mechanism and identify the maximal reduction conditions. This result facilitates both fundamental studies and device applications of the current- induced domain wall motion.
Quenching of heavy and light flavour jets: experimental overview
Creators: name: Trzeciak, Barbara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In these proceedings, recent experimental results on jet quenching are discussed, focusing on measurements shown at the Quark Matter 2019 conference.
description: Quark Matter 2019 proceedings
Gibbs Paradox and Similarity Principle
Creators: name: Lin, Shu-Kun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As no heat effect and mechanical work are observed, we have a simple experimental resolution of the Gibbs paradox: both the thermodynamic entropy of mixing and the Gibbs free energy change are zero during the formation of any ideal mixtures. Information loss is the driving force of these spontaneous processes. Information is defined as the amount of the compressed data. Information losses due to dynamic motion and static symmetric structure formation are defined as two kinds of entropies - dynamic entropy and static entropy, respectively. There are three laws of information theory, where the first and the second laws are analogs of the two thermodynamic laws. However, the third law of information theory is different: for a solid structure of perfect symmetry (e.g., a perfect crystal), the entropy (static entropy for solid state) S is the maximum. More generally, a similarity principle is set up: if all the other conditions remain constant, the higher the similarity among the components is, the higher the value of entropy of the mixture (for fluid phases) or the assemblage (for a static structure or a system of condensed phases) or any other structure (such as quantum states in quantum mechanics) will be, the more stable the mixture or the assemblage will be, and the more spontaneous the process leading to such a mixture or an assemblage or a chemical bond will be.
description: Final version 12 pages, 10 figures, presented at MaxEnt2008
The Phoenix Deep Survey: Extremely Red Galaxies and Cluster Candidates
Creators: name: Smith, Anthony G.
name: Hopkins, Andrew M.
name: Hunstead, Richard W.
name: Schmidt, Samuel J.
name: Afonso, José
name: Georgakakis, Antonis E.
name: Cram, Lawrence E.
name: Mobasher, Bahram
name: Sullivan, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a study of a sample of 375 Extremely Red Galaxies (ERGs) in the Phoenix Deep Survey, 273 of which constitute a subsample which is 80% complete to K_s = 18.5 over an area of 1160 arcmin^2. The angular correlation function for ERGs is estimated, and the association of ERGs with faint radio sources explored. We find tentative evidence that ERGs and faint radio sources are associated at z > 0.5. A new overdensity-mapping algorithm has been used to characterize the ERG distribution, and identify a number of cluster candidates, including a likely cluster containing ERGs at 0.5 < z < 1. Our algorithm is also used in an attempt to probe the environments in which faint radio sources and ERGs are associated. We find limited evidence that the I - K_s > 4 criterion is more efficient than R - K_s > 5 at selecting dusty star-forming galaxies, rather than passively evolving ERGs.
description: 14 emulateapj pages, 15 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in Astronomical Journal. A version with full resolution figures is available at http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~asmith/research/ERGpaper.pdf
The LCFIVertex Package: vertex detector-based Reconstruction at the ILC
Creators: name: Hillert, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The contribution gives an overview of the LCFIVertex package, providing software tools for high-level event reconstruction at the International Linear Collider using vertex-detector information. The package was validated using a fast Monte Carlo simulation. Performance obtained with a more realistic GEANT4-based detector simulation and realistic tracking code is presented. The influence of hadronic interactions on flavour tagging is discussed.
description: Proceedings of the 2007 International Linear Collider Workshop, DESY, 29 May - 4 June 2007, 6 pages, 4 figures
A sharper view of the outer Galaxy at 1420 and 408 MHz from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey - I. Revisiting the KR catalogue and new Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum Sources
Creators: name: Kerton, C. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Arcminute-resolution radio continuum images at 408 and 1420 MHz from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (CGPS) have been used to reexamine radio sources listed in the Kallas and Reich (1980) catalogue. This catalogue is of particular interest to Galactic studies as it lists both extended and compact radio sources found in the second Galactic quadrant. We have determined the nature (extended vs. compact, Galactic vs. extragalactic) of all of these bright radio sources. A number of large HII regions with no optical counterparts are highlighted along with a sample of large radio galaxies. Many sources previously thought to be extended Galactic objects are shown to be point sources. A sample of point sources with flat or rising spectra between 408 and 1420 MHz has been compiled, and within this sample likely Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum sources have been identified.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Reversed propagation dynamics of Laguerre-Gaussian beams in left-handed materials
Creators: name: Luo, Hailu
name: Ren, Zhongzhou
name: Shu, Weixing
name: Wen, Shuangchun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of angular spectrum representation, the reversed propagation dynamics of Laguerre-Gaussian beam in left-handed materials (LHMs) is presented. We show that negative phase velocity gives rise to a reversed screw of wave-front, and ultimately leads to a reversed rotation of optical vortex. Furthermore, negative Gouy-phase shift causes an inverse spiral of Poynting vector. It is found that the Laguerre-Gaussian beam in LHMs will present the same propagation characteristics as the counterpart with opposite topological charges in regular right-handed materials (RHMs). The momentum conservation theorem insures that the tangential component of the wave momentum at the RHM-LHM boundary is conserved. It is shown that although the linear momentum reverses its direction, the angular momentum remains unchanged.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Some Aspects of Measurement Error in Linear Regression of Astronomical Data
Creators: name: Kelly, Brandon C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I describe a Bayesian method to account for measurement errors in linear regression of astronomical data. The method allows for heteroscedastic and possibly correlated measurement errors, and intrinsic scatter in the regression relationship. The method is based on deriving a likelihood function for the measured data, and I focus on the case when the intrinsic distribution of the independent variables can be approximated using a mixture of Gaussians. I generalize the method to incorporate multiple independent variables, non-detections, and selection effects (e.g., Malmquist bias). A Gibbs sampler is described for simulating random draws from the probability distribution of the parameters, given the observed data. I use simulation to compare the method with other common estimators. The simulations illustrate that the Gaussian mixture model outperforms other common estimators and can effectively give constraints on the regression parameters, even when the measurement errors dominate the observed scatter, source detection fraction is low, or the intrinsic distribution of the independent variables is not a mixture of Gaussians. I conclude by using this method to fit the X-ray spectral slope as a function of Eddington ratio using a sample of 39 z < 0.8 radio-quiet quasars. I confirm the correlation seen by other authors between the radio-quiet quasar X-ray spectral slope and the Eddington ratio, where the X-ray spectral slope softens as the Eddington ratio increases.
description: 39 pages, 11 figures, 1 table, accepted by ApJ. IDL routines (linmix_err.pro) for performing the Markov Chain Monte Carlo are available at the IDL astronomy user's library, http://idlastro.gsfc.nasa.gov/homepage.html
Comparison of Various Methods for the Calculation of the Distance Potential Field
Creators: name: Kretz, Tobias
name: Bönisch, Cornelia
name: Vortisch, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The distance from a given position toward one or more destinations, exits, and way points is a more or less important input variable in most models of pedestrian dynamics. Except for the special case when there are no obstacles in a concave scenario -- i.e. each position is visible from any other -- the calculation of these distances is a non-trivial task. This isn't that big a problem, as long as the model only demands the distances to be stored in a Static Floor Field also called Potential Field, which never changes throughout the whole simulation. In this case a pre-calculation once before the simulation starts is sufficient. But if one wants to allow changes of the geometry during a simulation run -- imagine doors or the blocking of a corridor due to some hazard -- in the Distance Potential Field, calculation time matters strongly. This contribution gives an overview over existing and new exact and approximate methods to calculate a potential field, analytical investigations for their exactness, and tests of their computation speed. The advantages and drawbacks of the methods are discussed.
description: Extended version of proceedings contriution to be published in "Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2008", Springer; conference held in February 2008 at Wuppertal University
Thermal history of the plasma and high-frequency gravitons
Creators: name: Giovannini, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Possible deviations from a radiation-dominated evolution, occurring prior the synthesis of light nuclei, impacted on the spectral energy density of high-frequency gravitons. For a systematic scrutiny of this situation, the $Λ$CDM paradigm must be complemented by (at least two) physical parameters describing, respectively, a threshold frequency and a slope. The supplementary frequency scale sets the lower border of a high-frequency domain where the spectral energy grows with a slope which depends, predominantly, upon the total sound speed of the plasma right after inflation. While the infra-red region of the graviton energy spectrum is nearly scale-invariant, the expected signals for typical frequencies larger than 0.01 nHz are hereby analyzed in a model-independent framework by requiring that the total sound speed of the post-inflationary plasma be smaller than the speed of light. Current (e.g. low-frequency) upper limits on the tensor power spectra (determined from the combined analysis of the three large-scale data sets) are shown to be compatible with a detectable signal in the frequency range of wide-band interferometers. In the present context, the scrutiny of the early evolution of the sound speed of the plasma can then be mapped onto a reliable strategy of parameter extraction including not only the well established cosmological observables but also the forthcoming data from wide band interferometers.
description: 47 pages, 31 included figures, to appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Josephson junctions with negative second harmonic in the current-phase relation: properties of novel varphi-junctions
Creators: name: Goldobin, E.
name: Koelle, D.
name: Kleiner, R.
name: Buzdin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several recent experiments revealed a change of the sign of the first harmonic in the current-phase relation of Josephson junctions (JJ) based on novel superconductors, e.g., d-wave based or JJ with ferromagnetic barrier. In this situation the role of the second harmonic becomes dominant and it determines the scenario of a 0-pi transition. We discuss different mechanisms of the second harmonic generation and its sign. If the second harmonic is negative the 0-pi transition becomes continuous and the realization of the so-called varphi junction is possible. We study the unusual properties of such a novel JJ and analyze the possible experimental techniques for their observation.
description: submitted to PRB
Enabling Cross-Layer Reliability and Functional Safety Assessment Through ML-Based Compact Models
Creators: name: Alexandrescu, Dan
name: Balakrishnan, Aneesh
name: Lange, Thomas
name: Glorieux, Maximilien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Typical design flows are hierarchical and rely on assembling many individual technology elements from standard cells to complete boards. Providers use compact models to provide simplified views of their products to their users. Designers group simpler elements in more complex structures and have to manage the corresponding propagation of reliability and functional safety information through the hierarchy of the system, accompanied by the obvious problems of IP confidentiality, possibility of reverse engineering and so on. This paper proposes a machine-learning-based approach to integrate the many individual models of a subsystem's elements in a single compact model that can be re-used and assembled further up in the hierarchy. The compact models provide consistency, accuracy and confidentiality, allowing technology, IP, component, sub-system or system providers to accompany their offering with high-quality reliability and functional safety compact models that can be safely and accurately consumed by their users.
description: 7 pages (paper) + 1 page copyright statement, Number of figures: 3, Conference: 2020 IEEE 26th International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design (IOLTS)
Exact analytical expression for the electromagnetic field in a focused laser beam or pulse
Creators: name: Fedotov, Alexander M.
name: Korolev, Konstantin Yu.
name: Legkov, Maxim V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new class of exact nonsingular solutions for the Maxwell equations in vacuum, which describe the electromagnetic field of the counterpropagating focused laser beams and the subperiod focused laser pulse. These solutions are derived by the use of a modification of the "complex source method", investigated and visualized.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, an extended version of the talk at the International Conference on Coherent and Nonlinear Optics (ICONO 2007)