cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Jarzyski's equality and Crooks' fluctuation theorem for general Markov chains with application to decision-making systems
Creators: name: Hack, Pedro
name: Gottwald, Sebastian
name: Braun, Daniel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define common thermodynamic concepts purely within the framework of general Markov chains and derive Jarzynski's equality and Crooks' fluctuation theorem in this setup. In particular, we regard the discrete time case that leads to an asymmetry in the definition of work that appears in the usual formulation of Crooks' fluctuation theorem. We show how this asymmetry can be avoided with an additional condition regarding the energy protocol. The general formulation in terms of Markov chains allows transferring the results to other application areas outside of physics. Here, we discuss how this framework can be applied in the context of decision-making. This involves the definition of the relevant quantities, the assumptions that need to be made for the different fluctuation theorems to hold, as well as the consideration of discrete trajectories instead of the continuous trajectories, which are relevant in physics.
X-ray calibration of SZ scaling relations with the ACCEPT catalogue of galaxy clusters observed by Chandra
Creators: name: Comis, B.
name: De Petris, M.
name: Conte, A.
name: Lamagna, L.
name: De Gregori, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the scaling relation between the flux of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect and the total mass of galaxy clusters using already reduced Chandra X-ray data present in the ACCEPT (Archive of Chandra Cluster Entropy Profile Tables) catalogue. The analysis is conducted over a sample of 226 objects, examining the relatively small scale corresponding to a cluster overdensity equal to 2500 times the critical density of the background universe, at which the total masses have been calculated exploiting the hydrostatic equilibrium hypothesis. Core entropy (K0) is strongly correlated with the central cooling time, and is therefore used to identify cooling-core (CC) objects in our sample. Our results confirm the self-similarity of the scaling relation between the integrated Comptonization parameter (Y) and the cluster mass, for both CC and NCC (non-cooling-core) clusters. The consistency of our calibration with recent ones has been checked, with further support for Y as a good mass proxy. We also investigate the robustness of the constant gas fraction assumption, for fixed overdensity, and of the Yx proxy (Kravstov et al. 2007) considering CC and NCC clusters, again sorted on K0 from our sample. We extend our study to implement a K0-proxy, obtained by combining SZ and X-ray observables, which is proposed to provide a CC indicator for higher redshift objects. Finally, we suggest that an SZ-only CC indicator could benefit from the employment of deprojected Comptonization radial profiles.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, accepted in MNRAS
Antagonism in olfactory receptor neurons and its implications for the perception of odor mixtures
Creators: name: Reddy, Gautam
name: Zak, Joseph D
name: Vergassola, Massimo
name: Murthy, Venkatesh N
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Natural environments feature mixtures of odorants of diverse quantities, qualities and complexities. Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are the first layer in the sensory pathway and transmit the olfactory signal to higher regions of the brain. Yet, the response of ORNs to mixtures is strongly non-additive, and exhibits antagonistic interactions among odorants. Here, we model the processing of mixtures by mammalian ORNs, focusing on the role of inhibitory mechanisms. We show how antagonism leads to an effective 'normalization' of the ensemble ORN response, that is, the distribution of responses of the ORN population induced by any mixture is largely independent of the number of components in the mixture. This property arises from a novel mechanism involving the distinct statistical properties of receptor binding and activation, without any recurrent neuronal circuitry. Normalization allows our encoding model to outperform non-interacting models in odor discrimination tasks, leads to experimentally testable predictions and explains several psychophysical experiments in humans.
Radical-induced Hetero-Nuclear Mixing and Low-field $^{13}$C Relaxation in Solid Pyruvic Acid
Creators: name: Kouřilová, Hana
name: Jurkutat, Michael
name: Peat, David
name: Kouřil, Karel
name: Khan, Alixander S.
name: Horsewill, Anthony J.
name: MacDonald, James F.
name: Owers-Bradley, John
name: Meier, Benno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radicals serve as source in dynamic nuclear polarization, but may also act as polarization sink. If the coupling between the electron spins and different nuclear reservoirs is stronger than any of the reservoirs' couplings to the lattice, radicals can mediate hetero-nuclear mixing. Here, we report radical-enhanced $^{13}$C relaxation in pyruvic acid doped with trityl. We find a linear dependence of the carbon $T_1$ on field between 5 mT and 2 T. We extend a model, employed previously for protons, to carbon, and predict efficient proton-carbon mixing via the radical Non-Zeeman reservoir, for fields from 20 mT to beyond 1 T. Discrepancies between the observed carbon relaxation and the model are attributed to enhanced direct hetero-nuclear mixing due to trityl-induced linebroadening, and a field-dependent carbon diffusion from the radical vicinity to the bulk. Measurements of hetero-nuclear polarization transfer up to 600 mT confirm the predicted mixing as well as both effects inferred from the relaxation analysis.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Debye-Hueckel solution for steady electro-osmotic flow of a micropolar fluid in a cylindrical microcapillary
Creators: name: Siddiqui, Abuzar A.
name: Lakhtakia, Akhlesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analytic expressions for the speed, flux, microrotation, stress, and couple stress in a micropolar fluid exhibiting steady, symmetric and one-dimensional electro-osmotic flow in a uniform cylindrical microcapillary were derived under the constraint of the Debye-Hueckel approximation, which is applicable when the cross-sectional radius of the microcapillary exceeds the Debye length, provided that the zeta potential is sufficiently small in magnitude. As the aciculate particles in a micropolar fluid can rotate without translation, micropolarity influences fluid speed, fluid flux, and one of the two non-zero components of the stress tensor. The axial speed in a micropolar fluid intensifies as the radius increases. The stress tensor is confined to the region near the wall of the microcapillary but the couple stress tensor is uniform across the cross-section.
description: 19 pages
Generalized Symmetry Breaking Scales and Weak Gravity Conjectures
Creators: name: Cordova, Clay
name: Ohmori, Kantaro
name: Rudelius, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the notion of approximate global symmetries in quantum field theory and quantum gravity. We show that a variety of conjectures about quantum gravity, including the weak gravity conjecture, the distance conjecture, and the magnetic and axion versions of the weak gravity conjecture can be motivated by the assumption that generalized global symmetries should be strongly broken within the context of low-energy effective field theory, i.e. at a characteristic scale less than the Planck scale where quantum gravity effects become important. For example, the assumption that the electric one-form symmetry of Maxwell theory should be strongly broken below the Planck scale implies the weak gravity conjecture. Similarly, the violation of generalized non-invertible symmetries is closely tied to analogs of this conjecture for non-abelian gauge theory. This reasoning enables us to unify these conjectures with the absence of global symmetries in quantum gravity.
description: 44 pages, 1 figure
Loewner evolution driven by a stochastic boundary point
Creators: name: Ivanov, Georgy
name: Vasil'ev, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35, 30C35, 60J65

description: We consider evolution in the unit disk in which the sample paths are represented by the trajectories of points evolving randomly under the generalized Loewner equation. The driving mechanism differs from the SLE evolution, but nevertheless solutions possess similar invariance properties.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures
New scaling laws for pinning force density in superconductors
Creators: name: Talantsev, E. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the report by Fietz and Webb (1968 Phys. Rev. 178 657), who considered the pinning force density, $|F_p| = |J_c \times B|$ (where $J_c$ is the critical current density and $B$ is applied magnetic field), in isotropic superconductors as a unique function of the reduced applied field, $B/B_{c2}$ (where $B_c2$ is the upper critical field), $|F_p|$ has been scaled based on B/B_c2 ratio, for which there is widely used scaling law of $|F_p(B)|=F_{p,max}((B/B_{c2})^p)((1-B/B_{c2})^q)$, where $F_{p,max}$, $B_{c2}$, $p$, and $q$ are free-fitting parameters, proposed by Kramer (1973 J. Appl. Phys. 44 1360) and Dew-Hughes (1974 Phil. Mag. 30 293). To describe $|F_p(B)|$ in high-temperature superconductors, Kramer-Dew-Hughes scaling law was modified by (a) an assumption of the angular dependence of all free-fitting parameters on the rotation angle and (b) by the replacement of the upper critical field, $B_{c2}$, by the irreversibility field, $B_{irr}$. Here we note that the pinning force density is also a function of critical current density and, thus, $|F_p(J_c)|$ scaling law should exist. In an attempt to reveal this law, we considered the full $|F_p(B,J_c)|$ function and reported that there are three distinctive characteristic ranges of $(B/B_{c2}, J_c/(J_c(sf)))$ (where $J_c(sf)$ is the self-field critical current density) on which $|F_p(B,J_c)|$ can be splatted. Several new scaling laws for $|F_p(J_c)|$ were proposed, discussed, and applied to scale $|F_p(J_c)|$ in MgB2, NdFeAs(O,F), REBCO, and near-room temperature superconducting super hydrides (La,Y)H10 and YH6. We pointed out that the general scaling law for the pinning force density is on the quest.
description: 42 pages, 20 figures
Amplifying quantum correlations with quench dynamics in a quantum spin chain: Steady-states versus ground-states
Creators: name: Kheiri, Sasan
name: Cheraghi, Hadi
name: Mahdavifar, Saeed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the behavior of steady-state quantum correlations (QCs) in the spin-1/2 transverse field XY chains analytically, in terms of quench dynamics at zero-temperature. We show that steady-state QCs are strikingly greater than the equilibrium ones in its ground-state, where a single quench is performed from ferro- into para-magnetic phases. Another framework to amplify the QCs here is a feasible protocol called double quench dynamics. To fulfill this purpose, we probe a middle quench point and spending time T (defined as the time passing from the middle quench point before reaching a second quench). By doing so, both single and double quenches act as practical tools to control the enhancement of the steady-state QCs in the final quenched point. In particular, and in parallel to expectations for some other quantities, we indicate that the nonequilibrium quantum phase transitions also can be identified by nonanalyticities in the steady-state QCs. Our work may be testable with the current class of trapped-ion or ultracold-atom experiments, and encourage the possible potential in the quantum information field.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Calcium-activated chloride channels clamp odor-evoked spike activity in olfactory receptor neurons
Creators: name: Zak, Joseph D
name: Grimaud, Julien
name: Li, Rong-Chang
name: Lin, Chih-Chun
name: Murthy, Venkatesh N
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The calcium-activated chloride channel anoctamin-2 (Ano2) is thought to amplify transduction currents in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), a hypothesis supported by previous studies in dissociated neurons from Ano2-/- mice. Paradoxically, despite a reduction in transduction currents in Ano2-/- ORNs, their spike output for odor stimuli may be higher. We examined the role of Ano2 in ORNs in their native environment in freely breathing mice by imaging activity in ORN axons as they arrive in the olfactory bulb glomeruli. Odor-evoked responses in ORN axons of Ano2-/- animals were consistently larger for a variety of odorants and concentrations. In an open arena, Ano2-/- animals took longer to approach a localized odor source than Ano2+/+ animals, revealing clear olfactory behavioral deficits. Our studies provide the first in vivo evidence toward an alternative or additional role for Ano2 in the olfactory transduction cascade, where it may serve as a feedback mechanism to clamp ORN spike output.
REFLOW-ETN.ESR09.PERM5 Meeting presentation
Creators: name: Khomenko, Olha
name: Daly, Karen
name: Fenton, Owen
name: J.J. Leahy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: phosphorus, dairy waste, tunover

description: Presentation given at PERM 5 meeting in Jun 2022 Title: "Soil phosphorus turnover in soils under long-term P management"
Enhanced Binding in Quantum Field Theory
Creators: name: Hiroshima, Fumio
name: Sasaki, Itaru
name: Spohn, Herbert
name: Suzuki, Akito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This lecture note consists of three parts. Fundamental facts on Boson Fock space are introduced in Part I. Ref. 1.and 3. are reviewed in Part II and, Ref. 2. and 4. in Part III. In Part I a symplectic structure of a Boson Fock space is studied and a projective unitary representation of an infinite dimensional symplectic group through Bogoliubov transformations is constructed. In Part II the so-called Pauli-Fierz model (PF model) with the dipole approximation in non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics is investigated. This model describes a minimal interaction between a massless quantized radiation field and a quantum mechanical particle (electron) governed by Schrödinger operator. By applying the Bogoliubov transformation introduced in Part I we investigate the spectrum of the PF model. First the translation invariant case is considered and the dressed electron state with a fixed momentum is studied. Secondly the absence of ground state is proven by extending the Birman-Schwinger principle. Finally the enhanced binding of a ground state is discussed and the transition from unbinding to binding is shown. In Part III the so-called $N$-body Nelson model is studied. This model describes a linear interaction between a scalar field and $N$-body quantum mechanical particles. First the enhanced binding is shown by checking the so-called stability condition. Secondly the Nelson model with variable coefficients is discussed, which model can be derived when the Minkowskian space-time is replaced by a static Riemannian manifold, and the absence of ground state is proven, if the variable mass decays to zero sufficiently fast. The strategy is based on a path measure argument.
description: 10 figures
Evaluation of a Positron-Emission-Tomography-based SiPM readout for Compact Segmented Neutron Imagers
Creators: name: Li, Viacheslav A.
name: Sutanto, Felicia
name: Classen, Timothy M.
name: Dazeley, Steven A.
name: Jovanovic, Igor
name: Wu, Tingshiuan C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray emission from special nuclear material (SNM) is relatively easy to shield from detection using modest amounts of high-Z material. In contrast, fast-neutrons are much more penetrating and can escape relatively thick high-Z shielding without losing significant energy. Furthermore, fast neutrons provide a clear and unambiguous signature of the presence of SNM with few competing natural background sources. The challenge of detecting fast neutrons is twofold. First, the neutron flux from SNM are only a fraction of the corresponding gamma-ray flux. Second, fast neutrons can be difficult to differentiate from gamma rays. The ability to discriminate gamma rays from neutrons combined with neutron imaging can yield large benefit to isolate the localized SNM neutron source from background. With the recent developments of pulse-shape-sensitive plastic scintillators that offer excellent gamma-ray/neutron discrimination, and arrays of silicon photomultipliers combined with highly scalable and fast positron-emission-tomography (PET) multi-channel readout systems, field-deployable neutron imagers suitable for SNM detection might now be within reach. In this paper, we present a characterization of the performance of a recently available commercial PET-scanner readout, including its sensitivity to pulse-shape differences between fast neutrons and gamma rays, energy and timing resolution, as well as linearity and dynamic range. We find that, while the pulse-shape discrimination is achievable with stilbene, further improvement of the readout is required to achieve it with the best available plastic scintillators. The time and energy resolution appear to be adequate for neutron imaging in some circumstances.
description: 9 pages, 18 figures
A Multiwavelength Study of Binary Quasars and Their Environments
Creators: name: Green, Paul J.
name: Myers, Adam D.
name: Barkhouse, Wayne A.
name: Aldcroft, Thomas L.
name: Trichas, Markos
name: Richards, Gordon T.
name: Ruiz, Angel
name: Hopkins, Philip F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Chandra X-ray imaging and spectroscopy for 14 quasars in spatially resolved pairs, part of a complete sample of binary quasars with small transverse separations drawn from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (DR6) photometry. We find no significant difference in X-ray properties when compared with large control samples of isolated quasars. We present infrared photometry from our observations with SWIRC at the MMT, and from the WISE Preliminary Data Release, and fit simple spectral energy distributions to all 14 QSOs. We find preliminary evidence that substantial contributions from star formation are required, but possibly no more so than for isolated X-ray-detected QSOs. Sensitive searches of the X-ray images for extended emission, and the optical images for optical galaxy excess show that these binary QSOs are not preferentially found in rich cluster environments. While larger binary QSO samples with richer far-IR and sub-millimeter multiwavelength data might better reveal signatures of merging and triggering, optical color-selection of QSO pairs may be biased against such signatures. X-ray and/or variability selection of QSO pairs, while challenging, should be attempted. We present in our Appendix a primer on X-ray flux and luminosity calculations.
description: 21 pages, accepted to ApJ 08/31/2011
Olfactory marker protein (OMP) regulates formation and refinement of the olfactory glomerular map
Creators: name: Albeanu, Dinu F
name: Provost, Allison C
name: Agarwal, Prateek
name: Soucy, Edward R
name: Zak, Joseph D
name: Murthy, Venkatesh N
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Inputs from olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) axons expressing the same type of odorant receptor (OR) converge in the glomerulus of the main olfactory bulb. A key marker of mature OSNs is olfactory marker protein (OMP), whose deletion has been associated with deficits in OSN signal transduction and odor discrimination. Here, we investigate glomerular odor responses and anatomical architecture in mice in which one or both alleles of OMP are replaced by the fluorescent synaptic activity reporter, synaptopHluorin. Functionally heterogeneous glomeruli, that is, ones with microdomains with distinct odor responses, are rare in OMP+/- mice, but occur frequently in OMP-/- mice. Genetic targeting of single ORs reveals that these microdomains arise from co-innervation of individual glomeruli by OSNs expressing different ORs. This glomerular mistargeting is locally restricted to a few glomerular diameters. Our studies document functional heterogeneity in sensory input within individual glomeruli and uncover its anatomical correlate, revealing an unexpected role for OMP in the formation and refinement of the glomerular map.
The Flavourful Present and Future of 2HDMs at the Collider Energy Frontier
Creators: name: Atkinson, Oliver
name: Black, Matthew
name: Englert, Christoph
name: Lenz, Alexander
name: Rusov, Aleksey
name: Wynne, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the intersection of flavour and collider physics for Two-Higgs-Doublet models of Type I and II. Drawing from the flavour precision-LHC exotics search complementarity, we also provide a projection of the future sensitivity that can be achieved in light of currently available analyses. On the one hand, we find that the parameter space of the 2HDM can be explored significantly further with more data from the LHC with some complementarity with flavour physics. On the other hand, flavour physics results alongside their projections remain powerful tools to constrain the model space in regions where direct sensitivity to new states via exotics searches is lost. Our results further highlight the recently observed flavour physics anomalies as important drivers of new physics searches in the future; we also touch on implications for a strong first order electroweak phase transition.
description: 34 pages, 14 figures, 5 tables
Schönfelder Tonware aus der Gegend von Arneburg, Kr. Stendal
Creators: name: Kupka, Paul L. B.
Publisher: name: Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte
Year: 2020

description: Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte, Bd. 17 (1929): Jahresschrift für die Vorgeschichte der sächsisch-thüringischen Länder
Beyond the linear Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem: the Role of Causality
Creators: name: Lucarini, Valerio
name: Colangeli, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we re-examine the traditional problem of connecting the internal fluctuations of a system to its response to external forcings and extend the classical theory in order to be able to encompass also nonlinear processes. With this goal, we try to join on the results by Kubo on statistical mechanical systems close to equilibrium, i.e. whose unperturbed state can be described by a canonical ensemble, the theory of dispersion relations, and the response theory recently developed by Ruelle for non-equilibrium systems equipped with an invariant SRB measure. Our derivations highlight the strong link between causality and the possibility of connecting unambiguously fluctuation and response, both at linear and nonlinear level. We first show in a rather general setting how the formalism of the Ruelle response theory can be used to derive in a novel way Kramers-Kronig relations connecting the real and imaginary part of the linear and nonlinear response to external perturbations. We then provide a formal extension at each order of nonlinearity of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) for general systems possessing a smooth invariant measure. Finally, we focus on the physically relevant case of systems close to equilibrium, for which we present explicit fluctuation-dissipation relations linking the susceptibility describing the $n^{th}$ order response of the system with the expectation value of suitably defined correlations of $n+1$ observables taken in the equilibrium ensemble. While the FDT has an especially compact structure in the linear case, in the nonlinear case joining the statistical properties of the fluctuations of the system to its response to external perturbations requires linear changes of variables, simple algebraic sums and multiplications, and a multiple convolution integral. These operations, albeit cumbersome, can be easily implemented numerically.
Mitteldeutsche Drehscheibengefäße mit eingeglätteten Mustern in spätrömischer Zeit
Creators: name: Schulz, Walther
Publisher: name: Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte
Year: 2020

description: Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte, Bd. 17 (1929): Jahresschrift für die Vorgeschichte der sächsisch-thüringischen Länder
Luminosity Functions of Spitzer Identified Protostars in Nine Nearby Molecular Clouds
Creators: name: Kryukova, E.
name: Megeath, S. T.
name: Gutermuth, R. A.
name: Pipher, J.
name: Allen, T. S.
name: Allen, L. E.
name: Myers, P. C.
name: Muzerolle, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify protostars in Spitzer surveys of nine star-forming molecular clouds within 1 kpc: Serpens, Perseus, Ophiuchus, Chamaeleon, Lupus, Taurus, Orion, Cep OB3, and Mon R2, which combined host over 700 protostar candidates. Our diverse cloud sample allows us to compare protostar luminosity functions in these varied environments. We combine photometry from 2MASS J, H, and Ks bands and Spitzer IRAC and MIPS 24 micron bands to create 1 - 24 micron spectral energy distributions (SEDs). Using protostars from the c2d survey with well-determined bolometric luminosities (Lbol), we derive a relationship between Lbol, L_MIR (integrated from 1 - 24 microns), and SED slope. Estimations of Lbol for protostar candidates are combined to create luminosity functions for each cloud. Contamination due to edge-on disks, reddened Class II sources, and galaxies is estimated and removed from the luminosity functions. We find that luminosity functions for high mass star forming clouds peak near 1 Lsun and show a tail extending toward luminosities above 100 Lsun. The luminosity functions of the low mass star forming clouds do not exhibit a common peak, however the combined luminosity function of these regions peaks below 1 Lsun. Finally, we examine the luminosity functions as a function of the local surface density of YSOs. In the Orion molecular cloud, we find a significant difference between the luminosity functions of protostars in regions of high and low stellar density, the former of which is biased toward more luminous sources. This may be the result of primordial mass segregation, although this interpretation is not unique. We compare our luminosity functions to those predicted by models and find that our observed luminosity functions are best matched by models which invoke competitive accretion, although we do not find strong agreement of the high mass star forming clouds with any of the models.
description: 76 pages, 18 figures, 7 tables. Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
Efficient Gravitational Wave Template Bank Generation with Differentiable Waveforms
Creators: name: Coogan, Adam
name: Edwards, Thomas D. P.
name: Chia, Horng Sheng
name: George, Richard N.
name: Freese, Katherine
name: Messick, Cody
name: Setzer, Christian N.
name: Weniger, Christoph
name: Zimmerman, Aaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most sensitive search pipelines for gravitational waves from compact binary mergers use matched filters to extract signals from the noisy data stream coming from gravitational wave detectors. Matched-filter searches require banks of template waveforms covering the physical parameter space of the binary system. Unfortunately, template bank construction can be a time-consuming task. Here we present a new method for efficiently generating template banks that utilizes automatic differentiation to calculate the parameter space metric. Principally, we demonstrate that automatic differentiation enables accurate computation of the metric for waveforms currently used in search pipelines, whilst being computationally cheap. Additionally, by combining random template placement and a Monte Carlo method for evaluating the fraction of the parameter space that is currently covered, we show that search-ready template banks for frequency-domain waveforms can be rapidly generated. Finally, we argue that differentiable waveforms offer a pathway to accelerating stochastic placement algorithms. We implement all our methods into an easy-to-use Python package based on the jax framework, diffbank, to allow the community to easily take advantage of differentiable waveforms for future searches.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures. Comments welcome! Code can be found at https://github.com/adam-coogan/diffbank. Updated to match PRD version
Balancing Extrasynaptic Excitation and Synaptic Inhibition within Olfactory Bulb Glomeruli
Creators: name: Gire, David H
name: Zak, Joseph D
name: Bourne, Jennifer N
name: Goodson, Noah B
name: Schoppa, Nathan E
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Glutamatergic transmission in the brain typically occurs at well-defined synaptic connections, but increasing evidence indicates that neural excitation can also occur through activation of "extrasynaptic" glutamate receptors. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms and functional properties of extrasynaptic signals that are part of a feedforward path of information flow in the olfactory bulb. This pathway involves glutamatergic interneurons, external tufted cells (eTCs), that are excited by olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and in turn excite output mitral cells (MCs) extrasynaptically. Using pair-cell and triple-cell recordings in rat bulb slices (of either sex), combined with ultrastructural approaches, we first present evidence that eTC-to-MC signaling results from "spillover" of glutamate released at eTC synapses onto GABAergic periglomerular (PG) cells in glomeruli. Thus, feedforward excitation is an indirect result of and must cooccur with activation of inhibitory circuitry. Next, to examine the dynamics of the competing signals, we assayed the relationship between the number of spikes in eTCs and excitation of MCs or PG cells in pair-cell recordings. This showed that extrasynaptic excitation in MCs is very weak due to single spikes but rises sharply and supralinearly with increasing spikes, differing from sublinear behavior for synaptic excitation of PG cells. Similar dynamics leading to a preference for extrasynaptic excitation were also observed during recordings of extrasynaptic and inhibitory currents in response to OSN input of increasing magnitude. The observed alterations in the balance between extrasynaptic excitation and inhibition in glomeruli with stimulus strength could underlie an intraglomerular mechanism for olfactory contrast enhancement.
The minimal size of a generating set for primitive $\frac{3}{2}$-transitive groups
Creators: name: Churikov, Dmitry
name: Vasil'ev, Andrey V.
name: Zvezdina, Maria A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20B05, 20B15, 20B20

description: We refer to $d(G)$ as the minimal cardinality of a generating set of a finite group $G$, and say that $G$ is $d$-generated if $d(G)\leq d$. A transitive permutation group $G$ is called $\frac{3}{2}$-transitive if a point stabilizer $G_α$ is nontrivial and its orbits distinct from $\{α\}$ are of the same size. We prove that $d(G)\leq4$ for every primitive $\frac{3}{2}$-transitive permutation group $G$, moreover, $G$ is $2$-generated except for the very particular solvable affine groups that we completely describe. In particular, all finite $2$-transitive and $2$-homogeneous groups are $2$-generated. We also show that every finite group whose abelian subgroups are cyclic is $2$-generated, and so is every Frobenius complement.
DWDM/OOC and large spectrum sources performance in broadband access network
Creators: name: Kora, Ahmed Dooguy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work presents a performance evaluation based on elaborated analytical expressions of error probability for broadband access network in the case of a combined technique of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) and one dimensional optical orthogonal codes (1D-OOC). Optical sources with relatively large spectrum has been considered and simulated. Besides the Multiple Access Interference (MAI) at the receiver due to the access method which is optical code division multiple access (OCDMA), the emitted radiation of these sources in a dense WDM communication link introduces additional interference. Conventional correlation receiver (CCR) and parallel interference cancellation (PIC) receiver limitations are discussed. This paper has investigated the kind of optical sources with large spectrum bandwidth which could be accepted for a targeted bit error rate (BER) and given number of users in broadband access network supporting DWDM with optical orthogonal codes.
description: (IJDPS) Vol.3, No.3, May 2012, International Journal of Distributed and Parallel Systems (IJDPS) Vol.3, No.3, May 2012
M dwarf Stars - The By-Product of X-Ray Selected AGN Candidates
Creators: name: Bai, Y.
name: Sun, Y. -C.
name: He, X. -T.
name: Chen, Y.
name: Wu, J. -H.
name: Li, Q. -K.
name: Green, R. -F.
name: Voges, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray loud M dwarfs are a major source of by-product (contamination) in the X-ray band of the multiwavelength quasar survey (MWQS). As a by-product, the low dispersion spectra of 22 M dwarfs are obtained in which the spectra of 16 sources are taken for the first time. The spectral types and distance of the sample are given based on spectral indices CaH2, CaH3, and TiO5. The parameter ζTiO/CaH is calculated to make the metallicity class separation among dwarfs, subdwarfs and extreme subdwarfs. We also discuss the distributions in the diagrams of Log(Lx/Lbol) versus spectral type and infrared colors.
description: 10 pages, 26 figures, accepted for publication in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics (RAA)
Dissipative dynamics in semiconductors at low temperature
Creators: name: Androulakis, George
name: Bellissard, Jean
name: Sadel, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82B10, 81Q10, 70F45, 47D07, 46N50

description: A mathematical model is introduced which describes the dissipation of electrons in lightly doped semi-conductors. The dissipation operator is proved to be densely defined and positive and to generate a Markov semigroup of operators. The spectrum of the dissipation operator is studied and it is shown that zero is a simple eigenvalue, which makes the equilibrium state unique. Also it is shown that there is a gap between zero and the rest of its spectrum which makes the return to equilibrium exponentially fast in time.
description: 36 pages, 1 figure
Antagonistic odor interactions in olfactory sensory neurons are widespread in freely breathing mice
Creators: name: Zak, Joseph D
name: Reddy, Gautam
name: Vergassola, Massimo
name: Murthy, Venkatesh N
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Odor landscapes contain complex blends of molecules that each activate unique, overlapping populations of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Despite the presence of hundreds of OSN subtypes in many animals, the overlapping nature of odor inputs may lead to saturation of neural responses at the early stages of stimulus encoding. Information loss due to saturation could be mitigated by normalizing mechanisms such as antagonism at the level of receptor-ligand interactions, whose existence and prevalence remains uncertain. By imaging OSN axon terminals in olfactory bulb glomeruli as well as OSN cell bodies within the olfactory epithelium in freely breathing mice, we find widespread antagonistic interactions in binary odor mixtures. In complex mixtures of up to 12 odorants, antagonistic interactions are stronger and more prevalent with increasing mixture complexity. Therefore, antagonism is a common feature of odor mixture encoding in OSNs and helps in normalizing activity to reduce saturation and increase information transfer.
Opportunities and Challenges for Theory in the N* program
Creators: name: Roberts, Craig D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The N*-program provides a path to understanding the essentially-nonperturbative fundamentals at the heart of the Standard Model: confinement and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. Relating this data to QCD's basic degrees-of-freedom is a key challenge for theory. In tackling it, one steps immediately into the domain of relativistic quantum field theory where within the key phenomena can only be understood via nonperturbative methods. No one tool is yet fully equal to the challenge. Nonetheless, the last few years have seen significant progress in QCD-based theory, and the reaction models necessary to bridge the gap between that theory and experiment.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures. Contribution to the Proceedings of NSTAR2011 - The 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons, 17-20 May 2011, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia USA
Montagegerechtes Produktstrukturieren im Kontext einer Lebensphasenmodularisierung
Creators: name: Halfmann, Niklas
Publisher: name: TuTech Verlag
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Modularisierung, Variantenmanagement, Produktstrukturierung, montagegerechte Konstruktion
classificationCode: 620
subject: Ingenieurwissenschaften

description: Dem Aspekt der Strukturierung werden die größten Potentiale zur montagegerechten Gestaltung varianter Produktfamilien zugesprochen. Eine Untersuchung des Stands der Wissenschaft auf dem zugehörigen Bereich der Konstruktionslehre offenbart Defizite der existierenden Produktstrukturierungsmethoden hinsichtlich systematischer und konsistenter Anwendbarkeit in der Vorentwicklungsphase sowie Berücksichtigung der Produktvarianz. Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation wird ein Ansatz entwickelt, mit dem Wissen und Informationen aus der Produktion systematisch in die Produktentwicklung überführt und dort zur Produktstrukturierung verwendet werden. Das Kernelement des Ansatzes ist ein eigens entwickeltes graphisches Werkzeug, anhand dessen die tatsächliche Durchführung der Produktstrukturierung erfolgt. Dafür werden die Informationen zur Produktstruktur und zum Montageprozess zusammengeführt und graphisch abgebildet. Parallel erfolgt die Aufstellung von Strukturierungsmaßnahmen, die in der Syntax des graphischen Werkzeugs formuliert sind. Durch die Anwendung dieser Maßnahmen innerhalb des Werkzeugs werden die Auswirkungen sowohl auf die Produktstruktur, als auch auf den Montageprozess direkt aufgezeigt, was eine umgehende Bewertung ermöglicht. Zur Unterstützung der Bewertung wird ein Kennzahlsystem verwendet. Der Ansatz wird anhand einer Fallstudie validiert.
description: The structuring of products is awarded with the highest potentials for assembly effort reduction of variant product families. A research in corresponding literature in the field of engineering design shows deficits of the approaches regarding systematic and consistent applicability in pre-development phase as well as consideration of product variety. In this dissertation a methodical procedure is evolved, that systematically transfers production knowledge and information into product development where it is applied for product structuring. Core element of the approach is a specially developed graphical tool, by this the actual product structuring task is performed. Therefore, the product structure and the assembly process are merged in a mutual graphical tool. In parallel, structuring measures are set up, that are formulated in the syntax of the graphical tool. By applying these measures within the tool, their impact both on the product structure and on the assembly process is directly pointed out. Thereby, an immediate evaluation of the product structuring is facilitated. For an enhancement of the evaluation a key figure system is used. The developed approach is validated within a case study application.
Birefringence and dichroism effects in the spin noise spectra of a spin-1 system
Creators: name: Liu, S.
name: Neveu, P.
name: Hemmen, L.
name: Brion, E.
name: Wu, E.
name: Bretenaker, F.
name: Goldfarb, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform spin noise spectroscopy experiments in metastable helium atoms at room temperature, with a probe light whose frequency is blue detuned from the D0 line. Both circular birefringence fluctuations (Faraday noise) and linear birefringence fluctuations (ellipticity noise) are explored theoretically and experimentally. In particular, it is shown that in both cases but for different optical detunings, two noise resonances are isolated at the Larmor frequency and at twice the Larmor frequency with a behaviour, which strongly depends on the orientation of the probe field polarization. The simple structure of metastable helium allows us to probe, model and explain the changes in the behavior of these peaks in terms of circular and linear dichroisms and birefringences as well as in terms of spin oscillation modes.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Beiträge zur Besiedlungsgeschichte Mitteldeutschlands im letzten Jahrhundert v. Chr.
Creators: name: Grimm, Paul
Publisher: name: Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte
Year: 2020

description: Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte, Bd. 20 (1932): Jahresschrift für die Vorgeschichte der sächsisch-thüringischen Länder
Europarat-Ausstellung 1968
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 21 Nr. 3 (1968): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Tafeln
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 21 Nr. 4 (1968): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Generating Synthetic Mobility Networks with Generative Adversarial Networks
Creators: name: Mauro, Giovanni
name: Luca, Massimiliano
name: Longa, Antonio
name: Lepri, Bruno
name: Pappalardo, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The increasingly crucial role of human displacements in complex societal phenomena, such as traffic congestion, segregation, and the diffusion of epidemics, is attracting the interest of scientists from several disciplines. In this article, we address mobility network generation, i.e., generating a city's entire mobility network, a weighted directed graph in which nodes are geographic locations and weighted edges represent people's movements between those locations, thus describing the entire mobility set flows within a city. Our solution is MoGAN, a model based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to generate realistic mobility networks. We conduct extensive experiments on public datasets of bike and taxi rides to show that MoGAN outperforms the classical Gravity and Radiation models regarding the realism of the generated networks. Our model can be used for data augmentation and performing simulations and what-if analysis.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures. Supplementary 9 pages and 5 figures
Hans Koepf, Die gotischen Planrisse der Wiener Sammlungen
Creators: name: Becksmann, Rüdiger
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: Rezension zu: Hans Koepf, Die gotischen Planrisse der Wiener Sammlungen (Studien zur öster­- reichischen Kunstgeschichte Band IV, hsg. vom Institut für österreichische Kunst­- forschung des Bundesdenkmalamtes). Wien-Köln-Graz (Hermann Böhlaus Nachf.) 1969, VIII, 60 Seiten und 474 Abb. auf Tafeln.
description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 25 Nr. 6 (1972): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Korn's second inequality and geometric rigidity with mixed growth conditions
Creators: name: Conti, Sergio
name: Dolzmann, Georg
name: Müller, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 74B20, 35Q72, 49J45

description: Geometric rigidity states that a gradient field which is $L^p$-close to the set of proper rotations is necessarily $L^p$-close to a fixed rotation, and is one key estimate in nonlinear elasticity. In several applications, as for example in the theory of plasticity, energy densities with mixed growth appear. We show here that geometric rigidity holds also in $L^p+L^q$ and in $L^{p,q}$ interpolation spaces. As a first step we prove the corresponding linear inequality, which generalizes Korn's inequality to these spaces.