Xylopia L., Systema Naturae ed. 10, 2: 1250 1759
Creators: name: Couvreur, Thomas L. P.
name: Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J.
name: Crozier, Francoise
name: Ghogue, Jean-Paul
name: Hoekstra, Paul H.
name: Kamdem, Narcisse G.
name: Johnson, David M.
name: Murray, Nancy A.
name: Sonke, Bonaventure
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliales
Annonaceae
Xylopia

description: Xylopia L., Systema Naturae ed. 10, 2: 1250, 1759 = Xylopicrum P. Browne; Hist. Jamaic. 250-251 + t. 5, fig. 2, 1756; Xylopicron, orth. mut., Adanson; Fam. 2: 365, 1763; Unona Linnaeus f., Suppl. pl. 270. Apr 1782; Bulliarda Necker, Elem. bot. 2: 321. 1790, nom. superfl., non Candolle, 1801; Krockeria Necker, Elem. bot. 2: 317-318. 1790; Coelocline A. de Candolle, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 5: 208-209. 1832; Habzelia Hook. f. &amp; Thomson, Fl. Ind. 123. 1855, non A. DC.; Parartabotrys Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 3: 374. 1861 ['1860 ‘1860’]; Pseudanona (Baillon) Safford, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 17. 1913, as " Pseudannona." Description. Trees or shrubs, 2-50 m tall, d.b.h. up to 90 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent or present. Indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves: petiole 1-12 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; blade 3.6-21.3 cm long, 1.2-8.4 cm wide, lanceolate, ovate, elliptic, obovate, oblong, or oblanceolate, apex acuminate or acute or obtuse or cuspidate, acumen 0.2-2.1 cm long, base rounded, cordate, cuneate, obtuse, or truncate; midrib sunken or flat above, rarely slightly raised; secondary veins 7 to 20 pairs; tertiary venation reticulate. Inflorescences axillary, plants ramiflorous on young foliate or older leafless branches, rarely cauliflorous, 1-32-flowered; pedicel 1-12 mm long; in fruit 1-30 mm long; bracts 1-6, basal or inserted along the pedicel. Flowers bisexual with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls; sepals 3, valvate, free or basally fused, 1-7 mm long, apex acute or acuminate or rounded or apiculate, base truncate; petals free, outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, 5.8-64 mm long, 1.2-6 mm wide, linear, lanceolate, ligulate-lanceolate, or ovate, apex acute, rounded, or obtuse, base broad and concave; inner petals 3, valvate, 3.5-48 mm long, 1-5.4 mm wide, linear, ovate, oblong, rhombic, or lanceolate, apex acute, obtuse, or acuminate, base broad and concave,; stamens 40-300, 1-2 mm long, oblong or clavate; connective apex capitate, shieldlike, or conical, filaments connate at base to form a cone surrounding the carpels, or staminal cone absent; staminodes present, in one outer and one inner whorl, the inner whorl absent in <i>X. aurantiiodora</i>, <i>X. mildbraedii</i>, and <i>X. quintasii</i>; carpels free, 3 to 50, 1-3 mm long, stigma filiform, cylindrical, oblong, linear-falcate or ellipsoid. Monocarps dehiscent, stipitate, subsessile, or sessile; monocarps 1 to 36, 19-98 mm long, 6-40 mm wide, narrowly oblong to oblong, sometimes falciform, torulose, or moniliform, apex acute, rounded or mucronate; seeds 5-22 mm long, 3-17 mm wide, ellipsoid to oblong, somewhat flattened, seed coat with a fleshy outer layer (sarcotesta) and hard inner layer, or sarcotesta absent; aril absent or present. Type species. <i>Xylopia muricata</i> L. (a West Indian species). A genus of nearly 200 species trees and shrubs, the genus with a pantropical distribution. In Cameroon there are 22 species, comprising over 13% of the Annonaceae flora for the country, but no species is endemic to the country. The dehiscent monocarps of <i>Xylopia</i> are unique among the Annonaceae genera found in Cameroon. <i>Xylopia flamignii</i> Boutique was reported for Cameroon by Onana (2013), but the voucher specimen (<i>Harris 3680B</i>) has been re-identified as <i>X. cupularis</i>. <i>Xylopia flamignii</i> reaches its northern limit in southeastern Gabon and central Republic of the Congo (Johnson and Murray 2018). Taxonomy. Johnson and Murray (2018).
description: Published as part of <i>Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. &amp; Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207</i> on pages 441-442, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432
description: {"references": ["Onana, JM, 2013. Synopsis des especes vegetales vasculaires endemiques et rares du Cameroun - Check Liste pour la gestion durable et la conservation de la biodiversite. Flore du Cameroun 40. Herbier National du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon", "Johnson, DM, Murray, NA, 2018. A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa. PhytoKeys 97: 1 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975"]}