cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Systematic uncertainties from halo asphericity in dark matter searches
Creators: name: Bernal, Nicolas
name: Forero-Romero, Jaime E.
name: Garani, Raghuveer
name: Palomares-Ruiz, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although commonly assumed to be spherical, dark matter halos are predicted to be non-spherical by N-body simulations and their asphericity has a potential impact on the systematic uncertainties in dark matter searches. The evaluation of these uncertainties is the main aim of this work, where we study the impact of aspherical dark matter density distributions in Milky-Way-like halos on direct and indirect searches. Using data from the large N-body cosmological simulation Bolshoi, we perform a statistical analysis and quantify the systematic uncertainties on the determination of local dark matter density and the so-called $J$ factors for dark matter annihilations and decays from the galactic center. We find that, due to our ignorance about the extent of the non-sphericity of the Milky Way dark matter halo, systematic uncertainties can be as large as 35%, within the 95% most probable region, for a spherically averaged value for the local density of 0.3-0.4 GeV/cm$^3$. Similarly, systematic uncertainties on the $J$ factors evaluated around the galactic center can be as large as 10% and 15%, within the 95% most probable region, for dark matter annihilations and decays, respectively.
description: 29 pages, 6 artistic figures, version accepted for publication in JCAP
A Gradient-Based Implementation of the Polyhedral Active Set Algorithm
Creators: name: Hager, William W.
name: Zhang, Hongchao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Polyhedral Active Set Algorithm (PASA) is designed to optimize a general nonlinear function over a polyhedron. Phase one of the algorithm is a nonmonotone gradient projection algorithm, while phase two is an active set algorithm that explores faces of the constraint polyhedron. A gradient-based implementation is presented, where a projected version of the conjugate gradient algorithm is employed in phase two. Asymptotically, only phase two is performed. Comparisons are given with IPOPT using polyhedral constrained problems from CUTEst and the Maros/Meszaros quadratic programming test set.
Gravitational Waves from Preheating in M-flation
Creators: name: Ashoorioon, Amjad
name: Fung, Brandon
name: Mann, Robert B.
name: Oltean, Marius
name: Sheikh-Jabbari, M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Matrix inflation, or M-flation, is a string theory motivated inflationary model with three scalar field matrices and gauge fields in the adjoint representation of the $\mathbf{U}(N)$ gauge group. One of these $3N^2$ scalars appears as the effective inflaton while the rest of the fields (scalar and gauge fields) can play the role of isocurvature fields during inflation and preheat fields afterwards. There is a region in parameter space and initial field values, "the hilltop region," where predictions of the model are quite compatible with the recent Planck data. We show that in this hilltop region, if the inflaton ends up in the supersymmetric vacuum, the model can have an embedded preheating mechanism. Couplings of the preheat modes are related to the inflaton self-couplings and therefore are known from the CMB data. Through lattice simulations performed using a symplectic integrator, we numerically compute the power spectra of gravitational waves produced during the preheating stage following M-flation. The preliminary numerical simulation of the spectrum from multi-preheat fields peaks in the GHz band with an amplitude $Ω_{\mathrm{gw}}h^{2} \propto 10^{-16}$, suggesting that the model has concrete predictions for the ultra-high frequency gravity-wave probes. This signature could be used to distinguish the model from rival inflationary models
description: v1:27 pages and 7 figures; v2: typos corrected; v3: references added; v4: matched the JCAP version
Diphoton production in high-energy p+A collisions
Creators: name: Kovner, Alex
name: Rezaeian, Amir H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider semi-inclusive diphoton+jet and inclusive diphoton production in high-energy proton-nucleus collisions, treating the target nucleus as a Color-Glass-Condensate and the projectile proton in the parton model. We obtain the prompt diphoton production cross-section in terms of fragmentation and direct contributions. The fragmentation part is given in terms of single-photon and double-photon fragmentation functions. We study prompt, direct and fragmentation diphoton correlations in p+p and p+A collisions at the LHC, and show that at low values of transverse momenta of the produced photon pair, these correlations are sensitive to saturation effects. We show that back-to-back (de)-correlations in prompt diphoton production are stronger in fragmentation part than in the direct one.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures; v2: results unchanged, a clarifying footnote added. The version to appear in PRD
Parametrization of the nuclear structure function
Creators: name: Boroun, G. R.
name: Rezaei, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, the parametrization of the nuclear structure function which is directly constrained by the dynamics of QCD in its high-energy limit is considered. This simple parameterization of the nuclear structure function is obtained from the proton experimental data by relying on a Froissart-bounded parametrization of the proton structure function. This phenomenological model describes high-energy QCD in the presence of saturation effects. Numerical calculations and comparison with available data from NMC, EMC and E665 Collaborations demonstrate that the suggested method by N.Armesto, C.A.Salgado and U.A. Wiedemann (ASW model) provides reliable ratio of nuclear structure functions $F_{2}^{A}/AF^{p}_{2}$ at low $x$ for light and heavy nuclei. The magnitude of nuclear shadowing is predicted for various kinematic regions and can be applied as well in analysis of ultra-high energy processes by future experiments at electron-ion colliders.
description: will be appear in Phys.Rev.C
The entropy of the noncommutative acoustic black hole based on generalized uncertainty principle
Creators: name: Anacleto, M. A.
name: Brito, F. A.
name: Passos, E.
name: Santos, W. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we investigate statistical entropy of a 3-dimensional rotating acoustic black hole based on generalized uncertainty principle. In our results we obtain an area entropy and a correction term associated with the noncommutative acoustic black hole when $λ$ introduced in the generalized uncertainty principle takes a specific value. However, in this method, it is not needed to introduce the ultraviolet cut-off and divergences are eliminated. Moreover, the small mass approximation is not necessary in the original brick-wall model.
description: 9 pages, no figures; version to appear in PLB. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1210.7739
title: Neural correlates of consciousness in an attentional blink paradigm with uncertain target relevance
Creators: name: Dellert, Torge
name: Krebs, Sophie
name: Bruchmann, Maximilian
name: Schindler, Sebastian
name: Peters, Antje
name: Straube, Thomas
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610 Medicine and health

description: Several event-related potentials (ERPs) have been proposed as neural correlates of consciousness (NCC), most prominently the early visual awareness negativity (VAN) and the late P3b component. Highly influential support for the P3b comes from studies utilizing the attentional blink (AB), where conscious perception of a first visual target (T1) impairs reporting a second target (T2) presented shortly afterwards. Recent no-report studies using other paradigms suggest that the P3b component may reflect post-perceptual processes associated with decisionmaking rather than awareness. However, no-report studies are limited in their awareness assessment, and their conclusions have not been tested in an AB paradigm. The present study ( N = 38) addressed these issues using a novel AB paradigm, which reduced decision-making processes by omitting a discrimination task on T2 stimuli and rendering their relevance uncertain. Nevertheless, awareness was assessed trial by trial. Comparing ERPs in response to seen versus unseen T2 stimuli revealed a VAN but no enhanced P3b regardless of whether they were marked as distinct from distractor stimuli or not. Our results corroborate the VAN and challenge the P3b as NCC despite rigorous trial-by-trial assessment of conscious perception. Thus, they support the idea that awareness emerges during early sensory processing.
description: Finanziert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU Münster).
Grid-based methods for chemistry simulations on a quantum computer
Creators: name: Chan, Hans Hon Sang
name: Meister, Richard
name: Jones, Tyson
name: Tew, David P.
name: Benjamin, Simon C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First quantized, grid-based methods for chemistry modelling are a natural and elegant fit for quantum computers. However, it is infeasible to use today's quantum prototypes to explore the power of this approach, because it requires a significant number of near-perfect qubits. Here we employ exactly-emulated quantum computers with up to 36 qubits, to execute deep yet resource-frugal algorithms that model 2D and 3D atoms with single and paired particles. A range of tasks is explored, from ground state preparation and energy estimation to the dynamics of scattering and ionisation; we evaluate various methods within the split-operator QFT (SO-QFT) Hamiltonian simulation paradigm, including protocols previously-described in theoretical papers as well as our own novel techniques. While we identify certain restrictions and caveats, generally the grid-based method is found to perform very well; our results are consistent with the view that first quantized paradigms will be dominant from the early fault-tolerant quantum computing era onward.
description: Update to reflect published version. 37 pages, 12 figures
Additional file 2 of The risk of inappropriate empiric treatment and its outcomes based on pathogens in non-ventilated (nvHABP), ventilated (vHABP) hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated (VABP) bacterial pneumonia in the US, 2012–2019
Creators: name: Zilberberg, Marya D.
name: Nathanson, Brian H.
name: Puzniak, Laura A.
name: Dillon, Ryan J.
name: Shorr, Andrew F.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Pathogens most commonly accounting for IET exposure.
Variational quantum solutions to the Shortest Vector Problem
Creators: name: Albrecht, Martin R.
name: Prokop, Miloš
name: Shen, Yixin
name: Wallden, Petros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A fundamental computational problem is to find a shortest non-zero vector in Euclidean lattices, a problem known as the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). This problem is believed to be hard even on quantum computers and thus plays a pivotal role in post-quantum cryptography. In this work we explore how (efficiently) Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices may be used to solve SVP. Specifically, we map the problem to that of finding the ground state of a suitable Hamiltonian. In particular, (i) we establish new bounds for lattice enumeration, this allows us to obtain new bounds (resp.~estimates) for the number of qubits required per dimension for any lattices (resp.~random q-ary lattices) to solve SVP; (ii) we exclude the zero vector from the optimization space by proposing (a) a different classical optimisation loop or alternatively (b) a new mapping to the Hamiltonian. These improvements allow us to solve SVP in dimension up to 28 in a quantum emulation, significantly more than what was previously achieved, even for special cases. Finally, we extrapolate the size of NISQ devices that is required to be able to solve instances of lattices that are hard even for the best classical algorithms and find that with approximately $10^3$ noisy qubits such instances can be tackled.
Additional file 1 of Evolutionary origin and functional specialization of Dormancy-Associated MADS box (DAM) proteins in perennial crops
Creators: name: Quesada-Traver, Carles
name: Lloret, Alba
name: Carretero-Paulet, Lorenzo
name: Badenes, María Luisa
name: Ríos, Gabino
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Environmental temperature variation corresponding to loquat sampling. Table S1. Plant genomes used in this study. Table S2. Proteins and genes shown in the phylogenetic tree. Table S3. Summary of PpeDAM6 overexpressing Arabidopsis lines. Table S4. FIMO display of motif-8 occurrence in the set of SVP-like proteins. Table S5. Yeast 2-Hybrid (Y2H) interactors. Table S6. Primers used in this study.
A Physical Model for the X-ray Time Lags of Narrow Line Seyfert Type 1 Active Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Gardner, Emma
name: Done, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the origin of the soft X-ray excess seen in the 'simple' Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxy PG1244+026 using all available spectral-timing information. This object shows the standard switch between soft leading the hard band on long timescales, to the opposite behaviour on short timescales. This is interpreted as a combination of intrinsic fluctuations propagating down through the accretion flow giving the soft lead, together with reflection of the hard X-rays giving the soft lag. We build a full model of the spectral and time variability including both propagation and reflection, and compare our model with the observed power spectra, coherence, covariance, lag-frequency and lag-energy spectra. We compare models based on a separate soft excess component with those based on reflection dominated soft emission. Reflection dominated spectra have difficulty reproducing the soft lead at low frequency since reflection will always lag. They also suffer from high coherence and nearly identical hard and soft band power spectra in disagreement with the observations. This is a direct result of the power law and reflection components both contributing to the hard and soft energy bands, and the small radii over which the relativistically smeared reflection is produced transmitting too much high frequency power into the soft band. Conversely, we find the separate soft excess models (where the inner disc radius is $>6R_g$) have difficulty reproducing the soft lag at high frequency, as reflected flux does not contribute enough signal to overwhelm the soft lead. However, reflection should also be accompanied by reprocessing and this should add to the soft excess at low energies. This model can quantitatively reproduce the switch from soft lead to soft lag seen in the data and reproduces well the observed power spectra and other timing features which reflection dominated models cannot.
description: 19 pages, 15 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Optical signature of cascade transitions between moiré interlayer excitons
Creators: name: Tan, Qinghai
name: Rasmita, Abdullah
name: Zhang, Zhaowei
name: Novoselov, K. S.
name: Gao, Wei-bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cascade transition between energy levels has important applications, such as in quantum information protocols and quantum cascade lasers. In two-dimensional heterostructure, the moiré superlattice potential can result in multiple interlayer exciton (IX) energy levels. We demonstrate the cascade transitions between such moiré IXs by performing time- and energy-resolved photoluminescence measurements. We show that the lower-energy moiré IX can be excited to higher-energy ones, facilitating IX population inversion.
On stable type IIA de-Sitter vacua with geometric flux
Creators: name: Shukla, Pramod
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a class of tachyon-free (stable) AdS as well as dS solutions in the context of type IIA orientifold compactifications. This model is based on a type IIA setting having geometric flux which, in addition, also includes the usual NS-NS three-form flux ${\rm H}_3$ and the RR $p$-form fluxes ${\rm F}_p$ for $p \in \{0, 2, 4, 6\}$. Although all the saxionic moduli are stabilized, there remains a combination of the RR axions which is flat, and the dS solution is realized through the $D$-term effects induced by the geometric fluxes, without which one can only have AdS solutions. Using flux scaling arguments we also discuss how to engineer a parametric control in these models, in the sense of realizing the respective AdS/dS solutions in large volume, weak string-coupling as well as large complex-structure regime. We also discuss open possibilities (e.g. about the unknown status on having the complete set of Bianchi identities) under which such tachyon-free dS solutions may or may not be viable.
description: 33 pages + appendix, arXiv admin note: may involve some minor text overlap with arXiv:1909.07391, arXiv:1909.08630 and arXiv:1909.10993; v2: 36 pages, overall improvement and consolidation of section 5 without change of conclusion, typos fixed and references added; v3: 20 pages, improved presentation, title changed, published version
On the limit of extreme eigenvalues of large dimensional random quaternion matrices
Creators: name: Yin, Yanqing
name: Bai, Zhidong
name: Hu, Jiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15B52, 60F15, 62E20 (Primary) 60F17 (Secondary)

description: Since E.P.Wigner (1958) established his famous semicircle law, lots of attention has been paid by physicists, probabilists and statisticians to study the asymptotic properties of the largest eigenvalues for random matrices. Bai and Yin (1988) obtained the necessary and sufficient conditions for the strong convergence of the extreme eigenvalues of a Wigner matrix. In this paper, we consider the case of quaternion self-dual Hermitian matrices. We prove the necessary and sufficient conditions for the strong convergence of extreme eigenvalues of quaternion self-dual Hermitian matrices corresponding to the Wigner case.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Optimal quantum dataset for learning a unitary transformation
Creators: name: Yu, Zhan
name: Zhao, Xuanqiang
name: Zhao, Benchi
name: Wang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Unitary transformations formulate the time evolution of quantum states. How to learn a unitary transformation efficiently is a fundamental problem in quantum machine learning. The most natural and leading strategy is to train a quantum machine learning model based on a quantum dataset. Although the presence of more training data results in better models, using too much data reduces the efficiency of training. In this work, we solve the problem on the minimum size of sufficient quantum datasets for learning a unitary transformation exactly, which reveals the power and limitation of quantum data. First, we prove that the minimum size of a dataset with pure states is $2^n$ for learning an $n$-qubit unitary transformation. To fully explore the capability of quantum data, we introduce a practical quantum dataset consisting of $n+1$ elementary tensor product states that are sufficient for exact training. The main idea is to simplify the structure utilizing decoupling, which leads to an exponential improvement in the size of the datasets with pure states. Furthermore, we show that the size of the quantum dataset with mixed states can be reduced to a constant, which yields an optimal quantum dataset for learning a unitary. We showcase the applications of our results in oracle compiling and Hamiltonian simulation. Notably, to accurately simulate a 3-qubit one-dimensional nearest-neighbor Heisenberg model, our circuit only uses $96$ elementary quantum gates, which is significantly less than $4080$ gates in the circuit constructed by the Trotter-Suzuki product formula.
description: 11 pages including appendix, v2 added remarks and references, v3 is closed to the published version
Exploring supermassive black hole physics and galaxy quenching across halo mass in FIRE cosmological zoom simulations
Creators: name: Wellons, Sarah
name: Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André
name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Quataert, Eliot
name: Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel
name: Feldmann, Robert
name: Hayward, Christopher C.
name: Kereš, Dušan
name: Su, Kung-Yi
name: Wetzel, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Feedback from accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs) is thought to be a primary driver of quenching in massive galaxies, but the best way to implement SMBH physics into galaxy formation simulations remains ambiguous. As part of the Feedback in Realistic Environments (FIRE) project, we explore the effects of different modeling choices for SMBH accretion and feedback in a suite of $\sim500$ cosmological zoom-in simulations across a wide range of halo mass (10^10-10^13 Msun). Within the suite, we vary the numerical schemes for BH accretion and feedback, the accretion efficiency, and the strength of mechanical, radiative, and cosmic ray feedback independently. We then compare the outcomes to observed galaxy scaling relations. We find several models that satisfy the observational constraints, and for which the energetics in different feedback channels are physically plausible. Interestingly, cosmic rays accelerated by SMBHs play an important role in many successful models. However, it is non-trivial to reproduce scaling relations across halo mass, and many model variations produce qualitatively incorrect results regardless of parameter choices. The growth of stellar and BH mass are closely related: for example, over-massive BHs tend to over-quench galaxies. BH mass is most strongly affected by the choice of accretion efficiency in high-mass halos, but by feedback efficiency in low-mass halos. The amount of star formation suppression by SMBH feedback in low-mass halos is determined primarily by the time-integrated feedback energy. For massive galaxies, the "responsiveness" of a model (i.e. how quickly and powerfully the BH responds to gas available for accretion) is an additional important factor for quenching.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures. Submitted to MNRAS, comments welcome
Single-mode optical fiber for high-power, low-loss UV transmission
Creators: name: Colombe, Yves
name: Slichter, Daniel H.
name: Wilson, Andrew C.
name: Leibfried, Dietrich
name: Wineland, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report large-mode-area solid-core photonic crystal fibers made from fused silica that resist ultraviolet (UV) solarization even at relatively high optical powers. Using a process of hydrogen loading and UV irradiation of the fibers, we demonstrate stable single-mode transmission over hundreds of hours for fiber output powers of 10 mW at 280 nm and 125 mW at 313 nm (limited only by the available laser power). Fiber attenuation ranges from 0.9 dB/m to 0.13 dB/m at these wavelengths, and is unaffected by bending for radii above 50 mm.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Resonant optical control of the electrically-induced spin polarization by periodic excitation
Creators: name: Hernandez, Felix G. G.
name: Gusev, Gennady M.
name: Bakarov, Askhat K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the electron spin polarization generated by an electrical current may have its direction controlled and magnitude amplified by periodic optical excitation. The electrical and optical spin control methods were combined and implemented in a two-dimensional electron gas. By Kerr rotation in an external transverse magnetic field, we demonstrate unexpected long-lived coherent spin oscillations of the current-induced signal in a system with large spin-orbit interaction. Using a single linearly polarized pulse for spin manipulation and detection, we found a strong dependence on the pulse optical power and sample temperature indicating the relevance of the hole spin in the electron spin initialization. The signal was mapped in a Hall bar as function of the position relative to the injection contact. Finally, the presence of an in-plane spin polarization was directly verified by rotating the experimental geometry.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
The Onsager-Machlup action functional for Mckean-Vlasov SDEs
Creators: name: Liu, Shanqi
name: Gao, Hongjun
name: Qiao, Huijie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is devoted to deriving the Onsager-Machlup action functional for Mckean-Vlasov stochastic differential equations in a class of norms that dominate $L^2([0,1], \mathbb{R}^d)$, such as supremum norm $\|\cdot\|_{\infty}$, H$\mathrm{\ddot{o}}$lder norms $\|\cdot\|_α$ with $α<\frac{1}{4}$ and $L^p$-norms with $p>4$ are included. Moreover, the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equation for Onsager-Machlup action functional is derived and a example is given.
Honeycomb, square, and kagomé vortex lattices in superconducting systems with multi-scale inter-vortex interactions
Creators: name: Meng, Qingyou
name: Varney, Christopher N.
name: Fangohr, Hans
name: Babaev, Egor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent proposal of Romero-Isart {\em et al.}~\cite{romero-isart_superconducting_2013} to utilize the vortex lattice phases of superconducting materials to prepare a lattice for ultra-cold atoms-based quantum emulators, raises the need to create and control vortex lattices of different symmetries. Here we propose a mechanism by which honeycomb, hexagonal, square, and kagomé vortex lattices could be created in superconducting systems with multi-scale inter-vortex interaction. Multiple scales of the inter-vortex interaction can be created and controlled in layered systems made of different superconducting material or with differing interlayer spacing.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
title: Mediennutzung türkischer MigrantInnen in Österreich im Zusammenhang mit sozialer Integration
Creators: name: Ertugrul, Edipcan
Year: 2023

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht Mediennutzung türkischer MigrantInnen in Österreich im Zusammenhang mit sozialer Integration. Dazu wird der Zusammenhang zwischen den soziodemografischen Daten, Nutzungsmotiven und dem Integrationsgrad der türkischer MigrantInnen in Österreich sowie der Mediennutzung bzw. deutschsprachigen und/oder der heimatsprachigen Mediennutzung hinterfragt. Die Arbeit basiert auf der Perspektive, die den Zusammenhang und die wechselseitige Wirkung von Mediennutzung und Integration diskutiert. Sie verwendet den Uses-and-Gratifications-Ansatz, um die Mediennutzung von MigrantInnen zu messen. Der Fokus der Stichprobe liegt bei der ersten Generation der türkischen MigrantInnen in Österreich. Als Erhebungsmethode wurde die quantitative Befragung (N=473) durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der erhebliche Anteil der türkischen MigrantInnen sowohl deutsche als auch heimatsprachliche Medienangebote nutzt und es einen signifikanten Zusammenhang zwischen dem Integrationsgrad und der Nutzungssprache der Massenmedien gibt.
Chaos in the three-site Bose-Hubbard model -- classical vs quantum
Creators: name: Nakerst, Goran
name: Haque, Masudul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a quantum many-body system - the Bose-Hubbard system on three sites - which has a classical limit, and which is neither strongly chaotic nor integrable but rather shows a mixture of the two types of behavior. We compare quantum measures of chaos (eigenvalue statistics and eigenvector structure) in the quantum system, with classical measures of chaos (Lyapunov exponents) in the corresponding classical system. As a function of energy and interaction strength, we demonstrate a strong overall correspondence between the two cases. In contrast to both strongly chaotic and integrable systems, the largest Lyapunov exponent is shown to be a multi-valued function of energy.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Phenomenological modelling of the Crab Nebula's broad band energy spectrum and its apparent extension
Creators: name: Dirson, Ludmilla
name: Horns, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Crab Nebula emits bright non-thermal radiation from radio to the most energetic photons. The underlying physical model of a relativistic wind from the pulsar terminating in a hydrodynamic standing shock remains unchanged since the early 1970s. In this model, an increase of the toroidal magnetic field downstream from the shock is expected. We introduce a detailed radiative model to calculate non-thermal synchrotron and inverse Compton as well as thermal dust emission self-consistently to compare quantitatively with observational data. Special care is given to the radial dependence of electron and seed field density. The radiative model is used to estimate the parameters of electrons and dust in the nebula. A combined fit based upon a $χ^2$ minimisation reproduces successfully the complete data set used. For the best-fitting model, the energy density of the magnetic field dominates over the particle energy density up to a distance of $\approx 1.3~r_s$ ($r_s$: distance of the termination shock from the pulsar). The very high energy (VHE: $E>100$ GeV) gamma-ray spectra set the strongest constraints on the radial dependence of the magnetic field: $B(r)=(264\pm9)~μ\mathrm{G} (r/r_s)^{-0.51\pm0.03}$. The reconstructed magnetic field and its radial dependence indicates a ratio of Poynting to kinetic energy flux $σ\approx 0.1$ at the termination shock, $\approx 30$ times larger than estimated up to now. Consequently, the confinement of the nebula would require additional mechanisms to slow down the flow through e.g. excitation of small-scale turbulence with possible dissipation of magnetic field.
description: accepted for publication in A&A, abbr. abstract, thanks for the excellent review process. The SED data points are now available (see pdf for the link)
Designing a Mobility Data Trustee
Creators: name: Andreas Czech
name: Vivien Geenen
name: Constantin Breß
name: Marija Turkovic Popovski
name: Peter Krauß
name: Till Riedel
name: Frank Gauterin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Data Trustee
Mobility Data
Anonymization
Personal Data
GDPR
Intermediary
Data Sharing

description: A large amount of different data is currently collected in the mobility sector. However, due to technical, legal, and economic hurdles, it cannot be made usable. The "TreuMoDa" project, in which a Mobility Data Trustee (MDT) is being designed and tested as a prototype in the autonomous driving test area in Baden-Württemberg, provides a solution to this problem. Data trustees are a pioneering option to enable cross-sectoral data exchange between different actors from industry, science, and society. We provide an insight into the concept of the MDT. Specifically, the requirements of various stakeholders from the automotive industry, software developers, infrastructure, cities, and transport companies are analyzed with regard to the expected organizational, legal, and technical functions of such an MDT. The concept of a data trustee is particularly relevant to research data infrastructures, as it can enable the flow of data from research to industry and vice versa. Our work therefore also will look at the MDT as part of a larger research data management scheme.
description: The project "TreuMoDa" is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the European Union – NextGenerationEU.
You can find more information on the following page, among others: https://www.bildung-forschung.digital/digitalezukunft/de/technologie/daten/datentreuhandmodelle_pilotvorhaben/datentreuhandmodelle_pilotvorhaben.html | Förderkennzeichen BMBF: 16DTM12
Signatures of an energetic charge bunch moving in a plasma
Creators: name: Dharodi, Vikram
name: Kumar, Atul
name: Sen, Abhijit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A charge bunch moving in a plasma can excite a variety of linear and nonlinear waves in the form of trailing wakes, fore-wake shocks and precursor solitons. These structures can further interact with the background plasma to create secondary effects that can serve as signatures of the passage of the charge bunch. Using particle-in-cell simulations we investigate in detail the dynamics of a plasma system that is being traversed by an energetic charged ion bunch. Using two different shapes of the charge source, namely, an idealized one dimensional line source and a two dimensional thin rectangular source we examine the differences in the nature of the excited wave structures and their consequent impact on the background plasma. Our simulations reveal interesting features such as the dependence of the precursor speeds on the total charge of the ion bunch, local particle trapping, and energization of the trapped ions in various regions along the traversal path leading to the formation of energetic ion beam-lets. The collective excitations and the signatures in the ambient plasma could prove useful in practical applications such as in ion beam heating of plasmas. They can also help in analysing the trajectories of charged objects like space debris orbiting in the ionosphere.
Differentiable but exact formulation of density-functional theory
Creators: name: Kvaal, Simen
name: Ekström, Ulf
name: Teale, Andrew M.
name: Helgaker, Trygve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The universal density functional $F$ of density-functional theory is a complicated and ill-behaved function of the density-in particular, $F$ is not differentiable, making many formal manipulations more complicated. Whilst $F$ has been well characterized in terms of convex analysis as forming a conjugate pair $(E,F)$ with the ground-state energy $E$ via the Hohenberg-Kohn and Lieb variation principles, $F$ is nondifferentiable and subdifferentiable only on a small (but dense) set of its domain. In this article, we apply a tool from convex analysis, Moreau-Yosida regularization, to construct, for any $ε>0$, pairs of conjugate functionals $({}^ε\!E,{}^ε\!F)$ that converge to $(E,F)$ pointwise everywhere as $ε\rightarrow 0^+$, and such that ${}^ε\!F$ is (Fréchet) differentiable. For technical reasons, we limit our attention to molecular electronic systems in a finite but large box. It is noteworthy that no information is lost in the Moreau-Yosida regularization: the physical ground-state energy $E(v)$ is exactly recoverable from the regularized ground-state energy ${}^ε\!E(v)$ in a simple way. All concepts and results pertaining to the original $(E,F)$ pair have direct counterparts in results for $({}^ε\! E, {}^ε\!F)$. The Moreau-Yosida regularization therefore allows for an exact, differentiable formulation of density-functional theory. In particular, taking advantage of the differentiability of ${}^ε\!F$, a rigorous formulation of Kohn-Sham theory is presented that does not suffer from the noninteracting representability problem in standard Kohn-Sham theory.
title: Liebe und Freundschaft im problemorientierten Philosophie- und Ethikunterricht
Creators: name: Hofko, Antonia Johanna
Year: 2023

description: Der deutsche Fachdidaktiker Rolf Sistermann entwickelte ein Gliederungsschema für den Aufbau eines problemorientierten Unterrichts, das sogenannte Bonbonmodell. Das Modell ist in sechs Phasen gegliedert, welche die Lernenden zuerst mit einer philosophischen Problemstellung konfrontiert und in einem ersten Schritt auf das Erarbeiten eigenständiger Problemlösungsprozesse abzielt. In einem weiteren Schritt kommt es zu einer kontrollierten Problemlösungsphase, welche durch die Lehrperson angeleitet wird. Anschließend wird das Erarbeitete gefestigt und die Schüler*innen werden dazu angeredet zum Gelernten Stellung zu nehmen. Anhand dieses Modells können die Schüler*innen die wichtigsten methodischen Kompetenzen im Ethik- und Philosophieunterricht einüben. Die vorliegenden Masterarbeit behandelt die Forschungsfrage, inwiefern es curricular möglich und fachdidaktisch geboten ist, im österreichischen Ethik- und Philosophieunterricht den Themenbereich „Liebe und Freundschaft“ problemorientiert in Form einer Unterrichtsreihe zu vermitteln. Die Arbeit gliedert sich in 8 Kapitel. In einem einführenden Kapitel werden zunächst die Begriffe Liebe und Freundschaft aus philosophischer Sichtweise geklärt. Das dritte Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit der Fachdidaktik Philosophie und weiters mit dem theoretischen Hintergrund der Kompetenz- und Problemorientierung. Vor der Darstellung einer selbsterstellten problemorientierten Unterrichtsreihe zum Themenkomplex Freundschaft und Liebe, werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit bereits bestehende themenspezifische Unterrichtsreihen analysiert. So konnte die Forschungsfrage hinreichend beantwortet werden, dass der ausgewählte Themenkomplex „Freundschaft und Liebe“ in Form einer problemorientierten Unterrichtsreihe im Philosophie- oder Ethikunterricht eingesetzt werden kann.
Additional file 1 of Attention to visual motion suppresses neuronal and behavioral sensitivity in nearby feature space
Creators: name: Yoo, Sang-Ah
name: Martinez-Trujillo, Julio C.
name: Treue, Stefan
name: Tsotsos, John K.
name: Fallah, Mazyar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Distribution of all neurons’ minimum responses. Figure S1. Histogram of Table S1. Table S2. Distribution of minimum responses of the neurons where the sum of two Gaussians model fits better. Figure S2. Histogram of Table S2. Table S3. Distribution of minimum responses of the neurons with the center-surround profile. Figure S3. Histogram of Table S3.
Interventionist Media in Times of Crisis
Creators: name: Zehle, Soenke
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda

description: On December 3rd, 2003, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) announced that “Ferdinand Nahimana, founder and ideologist of the Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM), Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza, high ranking board member of the Comité d’initiative of the RTLM and founding member of the Coalition for the Defence of Republic (CDR), and Hassan Ngeze, chief editor of Kangura newspaper, were convicted today for genocide, incitement to genocide, conspiracy, and crimes against humanity, extermination and persecution.” In what was dubbed "the media trial", the ICTR examined the role of the radio station RTLM and the newspaper Kangura in the 1994 genocide in Rwanda to address, for the first time since the Nuremberg Trials, the role of the media in the context of international criminal justice. The ICTR judgment echoes the 1946 judgment of the International Military Tribunal against the NS journalist Julius Streicher, and will continue to inspire commentary on media accountability and the status of the long-dormant 1948 UN Genocide Convention as a core element of contemporary international criminal justice.
description: "The book itself has its genesis in the Crisis/Media Workshop that was jointly organized in Delhi by Sarai-CSDS, Delhi and the Waag Society, Amsterdam, a year ago in March 2003. The concept, outlined in the workshop publication by Shuddhabrata Sengupta and Geert Lovink, was a response to 9/11, the invasion of Afghanistan, the violence in Gujarat and the Kargil war. Over 3 days, participants from many different parts of South Asia and the world gathered to debate and dissect the relationship between the notion of crisis and the media, exactly one year after Gujarat had gone up in flames, and just as the 'Coalition of the Willing' was gearing up to bomb Baghdad. The process of editing the Reader only confirmed what we felt that the workshop had already set in motion – an unruly but very necessary set of forays into the realm of 'the unspeakable'. Our contributors were opening out new spaces for dialogue, not only by inaugurating discussion on things that had hitherto been left unsaid, but also in the way that different elements were speaking to each other. Our task was to enable this conversation to interrupt itself, to make all sorts of unruly connections, to foster linkages between disparate truths and conflicting claims to attention…" Production Editorial Collective: Monica Narula, Shuddhabrata Sengupta, Ravi Sundaram, Ravi S Vasudevan, Awadhanedra Sharan, Jeebesh Bagchi (Sarai), and Geert Lovink. Design: Renu Iyer and Monica Narula.
Geometric phase for twisted light
Creators: name: Yang, Li-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polarization vectors of light traveling in a coiled optical fiber rotate around its propagating axis even in the absence of birefringence. This rotation was usually explained due to the Pancharatnam-Berry phase of spin-1 photons. Here, we use a purely geometric method to understand this rotation. We show that similar geometric rotations also exist for twisted light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). The corresponding geometric phase can be applied in photonic OAM-state-based quantum computation and quantum sensing.
description: 6 pages and 4 figures
Constraining primordial black holes as a fraction of dark matter through accretion disk luminosity
Creators: name: D'Agostino, Rocco
name: Giambò, Roberto
name: Luongo, Orlando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we consider the hypothesis that fractions of dark matter could be constituted by primordial black holes (PBHs). To test this possibility, we work out the observational properties of a static black hole embedded in the dark matter envelope made of a PBH source. The corresponding modifications of geometry due to such a physical system are investigated, with a particular focus on the accretion disk luminosity in spiral galaxies. The impact of the PBH presence is analyzed through modification of the disk luminosity and kinematic quantities. Thus, we discuss possible constraints on the PBH abundance in view of the most recent theoretical bounds. The results of our study indicate that suitable PBH masses are $M_\text{PBH}\in[10^6,10^{12}]M_\odot$ for PBH fractions $f_\text{PBH}\in[10^{-3},1]$. In particular, a comparison with the predictions of the exponential sphere density profile for dark matter suggests that the best-matching configuration is achieved for $f_\text{PBH}=1$ and $M_\text{PBH}=10^6 M_\odot$. Consequences with respect to the current knowledge on primordial black hole physics are discussed.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Magnons and a two-component spin gap in FeV2O4
Creators: name: MacDougall, G. J.
name: Brodsky, I.
name: Aczel, A. A.
name: Garlea, V. O.
name: Granroth, G. E.
name: Christianson, A. D.
name: Hong, T.
name: Zhou, H. D.
name: Nagler, S. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spinel vanadates have become a model family for exploring orbital order on the frustrated pyrochlore lattice, and recent debate has focused on the symmetry of local crystal fields at the cation sites. Here, we present neutron scattering measurements of the magnetic excitation spectrum in $\mathrm{FeV_2O_4}$, a recent example of a ferrimagnetic spinel vanadate which is available in single crystal form. We report the existence of two emergent magnon modes at low temperatures, which draw strong parallels with the closely related material, $\mathrm{MnV_2O_4}$. We were able to reproduce the essential elements of both the magnetic ordering pattern and the dispersion of the inelastic modes with semi- classical spin wave calculations, using a minimal model that implies a sizeable single-ion anisotropy on the vanadium sublattice. Taking into account the direction of ordered spins, we associate this anisotropy with the large trigonal distortion of $\mathrm{VO_6}$ octahedra, previously observed via neutron powder diffraction measurements. We further report on the spin gap, which is an order-of-magnitude larger than that observed in $\mathrm{MnV_2O_4}$. By looking at the overall temperature dependence, we were able to show that the gap magnitude is largely associated with the ferro-orbital order known to exist on the iron sublattice, but the contribution to the gap from the vanadium sublattice is in fact comparable to what is reported in the Mn compound. This reinforces the conclusion that the spin canting transition is associated with the ordering of vanadium orbitals in this system, and closer analysis indicates closely related physics underlying orbital transitions in $\mathrm{FeV_2O_4}$ and $\mathrm{MnV_2O_4}$.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, includes supplementary figure; accepted for publication in Physical Review B