Euptychia Hubner 1818
Creators: name: Espeland, Marianne
name: Nakahara, Shinichi
name: Zacca, Thamara
name: Barbosa, Eduardo P.
name: Huertas, Blanca
name: Marín, Mario A.
name: Lamas, Gerardo
name: Benmesbah, Mohamed
name: Brévignon, Christian
name: Casagrande, Mirna M.
name: Fåhraeus, Christer
name: Grishin, Nick
name: Kawahara, Akito Y.
name: Mielke, Olaf H. H.
name: Miller, Jacqueline Y.
name: Nakamura, Ichiro
name: Navas, Vanessa
name: Patrusky, Brooke
name: Pyrcz, Tomasz W.
name: Richards, Lindsay
name: Tan, Denise
name: Tyler, Stephanie
name: Viloria, Angel
name: Warren, Andrew D.
name: Xiao, Lei
name: Freitas, André V. L.
name: Willmott, Keith R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Nymphalidae
Euptychia

description: <i>Euptychia</i> <i>Euptychia</i> is strongly supported as a sister to the remainder of the subtribe (Figures 2, S 2 and S 3) as also found in Espeland et al. (2019a). The systematic placement of <i>Euptychia</i> has been unstable in previous phylogenetic studies (Murray &amp; Prowell, 2005; Peña et al., 2010, 2011). Currently, 37 valid species are recognized (Fratello et al., 2015; Freitas, Wahlberg, et al., 2012; Nakahara et al., 2014, 2017; Nakahara, Hall, et al., 2015; Nakahara, Janzen, et al., 2015; Nakahara, Llorente-Bousquets, et al., 2015; Nakahara, Vega, &amp; Willmott, 2016; Neild et al., 2014, 2015). Only a subset of species was included here, and several taxonomic changes, in addition to the description of over a dozen species, will be made in a forthcoming revision of the genus, and thus the genus is estimated to include more than 50 species (Nakahara et al., in preparation). Members of <i>Euptychia</i> are relatively small for the subtribe, with the forewing length often less than 20 mm. Except for a few species, they have sexually monomorphic wing patterns often marked prominently with ventral bands and submarginal eyespots and many species exhibit translucence. Possible synapomorphies and/or distinctive characters for <i>Euptychia</i> include the following: (a) Third segment of labial palpi shorter than one-fourth of second segment in length; (b) absence of tibial spurs in midleg and hindleg; (c) absence of lateral spines on tibia; (d) presence of the forewing recurrent vein in the discal cell; (e) absence of basal swelling of the forewing cubital vein; (f) humeral vein relatively reduced in comparison with other Euptychiina; (g) developed male eighth tergite and sternite; (h) presence of the sclerotized region of the eighth abdominal segment in the female, located at the very basal side of the eighth abdominal segment; (i) absence of the lateral sclerotization of the 8th abdominal segment of the female; (j) origin of the ductus seminalis at the posterior end of the ductus bursae In fact, many of these characters are unique to <i>Euptychia</i> (Nakahara, unpublished data), highlighting the distinctiveness of this lineage within the subtribe. Members of <i>Euptychia</i> range from north-western Mexico to south-eastern Brazil, and somewhat unusually for the subtribe, the genus appears to be more diverse in lower montane regions and adjacent lowlands than in lowland forest far from mountains. Adult males of some species exhibit perching behaviour, often with several individuals in close proximity, mostly in light gaps or sunflecks and often on hilltops. Although most known host plants for Euptychiina are either bamboo or other grasses in the family Poaceae, larvae of <i>Euptychia</i> notably feed instead on some species of <i>Selaginella</i> (Lycopsida), as well as a single record utilizing <i>Neckeropsis</i> (Neckeraceae) (Brévignon, 2008; Freitas, Mota, Barbosa, &amp; Carreira, 2019; Hamm &amp; Fordyce, 2016; Singer et al., 1971; Singer &amp; Mallet, 1986). FIGURE 13 <i>Lazulina</i> gen.n. Species diversity mapped on a FIGURE 16 <i>Saurona</i> gen.n. Species diversity mapped on a FIGURE 20 <i>Argentaria</i> gen.n. Species diversity mapped on a FIGURE 25 <i>Xenovena murrayae</i> comb.n. Locality records. <b>FIGURE 29</b> <i>Trico tricolor</i> comb.n. Locality records. <b>FIGURE 32</b> <i>Occulta ocnus</i> comb.n. Locality records. FIGURE 36 <i>Deltaya</i> gen.n. Species diversity mapped on a FIGURE 40 <i>Modica</i> gen.n. Species diversity mapped on a <i>Euptychia</i> Hübner, 1818 = <i>Caenoptychia</i> Le Cerf, 1919 = <i>Ristia</i> Gagarin, 1936 <i>alacristata</i> Neild, Nakahara &amp; Fratello, 2014 [Neild et al. (2014, Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 24(1): 4-9)] <i>aquila</i> Fratello, Nakahara &amp; Brévignon, 2015 [Fratello et al. (2015, Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 69(4): 293-306)] <i>atlantica</i> Nakahara &amp; Freitas, 2017 [Nakahara et al. (2017, Neotropical Entomology, 46: 302-309)] <i>attenboroughi</i> Neild, Nakahara, Fratello &amp; Le Crom, 2015 [Neild et al. (2015, ZooKeys, 541: 87-108)] <i>audacia</i> Brévignon, Fratello &amp; Nakahara, 2015 [Fratello et al. (2015, Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 69(4): 293-306)] <i>boulleti</i> (Le Cerf, 1919) [Freitas et al. (2012, Neotropical Entomology, 41(6): 461-467)] = <i>virgata</i> Joicey &amp; Talbot, 1924 [Freitas et al. (2012, Neotropical Entomology, 41(6): 461-467)] = <i>tigrina</i> (Gagarin, 1936) [Freitas et al. (2012, Neotropical Entomology, 41(6): 461-467)] <i>cesarense</i> Pulido, Andrade, Peña &amp; Lamas, 2011 [Pulido et al. (2011, Zootaxa, 2906: 43-51)] - <i>obtusa</i> Nakahara, 2015 [Nakahara et al. (2015, Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 25(2): 63-79)] - <i>viloriai</i> Andrade, Pulido, Peña &amp; Lamas, 2011 [Pulido et al. (2011, Zootaxa, 2906: 43-51)] <i>efraini</i> Ríos, 2019 [Ríos (2019, Anartia, 29: 49-53)] = <i>similis</i> Henao, 2019, preocc. (not Butler, 1867) [Ríos (2019, Anartia, 29: 49-53)] <i>enyita</i> Nakahara, Lamas &amp; Willmott, 2015 [Nakahara et al. (2015, Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 25(2): 63-79)] <i>enyo</i> Butler, 1867 <i>favonius</i> Nakahara, Vega &amp; Willmott, 2016 [Nakahara et al. (2016, Zootaxa, 4184: 358-366)] <i>fernandae</i> Nakahara &amp; Willmott, 2015 [Nakahara et al. (2015, Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 25(2): 63-79)] <i>fetna</i> Butler, 1870 <i>granatina</i> Nakahara, Le Crom &amp; Hall, 2015 [Nakahara et al. (2015, Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 25(2): 63-79)] <i>hannemanni</i> Forster, 1964 <i>insolata</i> Butler &amp; Druce, 1872 = <i>macrophthalma</i> Staudinger, 1876 <i>jesia</i> Butler, 1869 <i>juanjoi</i> Le Crom, Nakahara &amp; Lamas, 2015 [Nakahara et al. (2015, Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 48: 59-63)] <i>lacandona</i> Warren &amp; Nakahara, 2015 [Nakahara et al. (2015, Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 48: 51-57)] <i>marceli</i> Brévignon, 2005 [Brévignon (2005, Lambillionea, 105(3)(1): 393-404)] - <i>divisa</i> Benmesbah, Costa, Attal &amp; Viloria, 2021 [Costa et al. (2021, Antenor, 8(1): 2-28)] <i>meta</i> Weymer, 1911 <i>mollina</i> (Hübner, [1818]) <i>= mollina (Hübner, 1808)</i>, nom. nud. - <i>suzannae</i> Brévignon, 2005 [Brévignon (2005, Lambillionea, 105(3)(1): 393-404)] <i>mollis</i> Staudinger, 1876 <i>neblina</i> Warren &amp; Nakahara, 2015 [Nakahara et al. (2015, Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 48: 51-57)] <i>neildi</i> Brévignon, 2005 [Brévignon (2005, Lambillionea, 105(3)(1): 393-404)] <i>padroni</i> Nakahara, Lamas &amp; Willmott, 2015 [Nakahara et al. (2015, Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 25(2): 63-79)] <i>pegasus</i> Nakahara &amp; J. Hall, 2015 [Nakahara et al. (2015, Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 25(2): 63-79)] <i>picea</i> Butler, 1867 <i>pillaca</i> Nakahara &amp; Willmott, 2015 [Nakahara et al. (2015, Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 25(2): 63-79)] <i>roraima</i> Nakahara, Fratello &amp; Harvey, 2014 [Nakahara et al. (2014, Zootaxa, 3881(3): 291-300)] <i>rubrofasciata</i> L.D. Miller &amp; J.Y. Miller, 1988 <i>rufocincta</i> Weymer, 1911 <i>sarah</i> Benmesbah &amp; Viloria, 2019 [Costa et al. (2019, Anartia, 29: 20-48)] <i>sophiae</i> Zacca, Nakahara, Dolibaina &amp; Dias, 2015 [Neild et al. (2015, ZooKeys, 541: 87-108)] <i>truncata</i> Nakahara &amp; J. Hall, 2015 [Nakahara et al. (2015, Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 25(2): 63-79)] <i>westwoodi</i> Butler, 1867 - <i>muli</i> Brévignon, 2005 [Brévignon (2005, Lambillionea, 105(3)(1): 393-404)] <i>woroina</i> Viloria &amp; Benmesbah, 2020 [Costa et al. (2020, Antenor, 7(1): 19-41)]
description: Published as part of <i>Espeland, Marianne, Nakahara, Shinichi, Zacca, Thamara, Barbosa, Eduardo P., Huertas, Blanca, Marín, Mario A., Lamas, Gerardo, Benmesbah, Mohamed, Brévignon, Christian, Casagrande, Mirna M., Fåhraeus, Christer, Grishin, Nick, Kawahara, Akito Y., Mielke, Olaf H. H., Miller, Jacqueline Y., Nakamura, Ichiro, Navas, Vanessa, Patrusky, Brooke, Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Richards, Lindsay, Tan, Denise, Tyler, Stephanie, Viloria, Angel, Warren, Andrew D., Xiao, Lei, Freitas, André V. L. &amp; Willmott, Keith R., 2023, Combining target enrichment and Sanger sequencing data to clarify the systematics of the diverse Neotropical butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), pp. 1-73 in Zoological Research 2023</i> on pages 7-54, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12590, http://zenodo.org/record/7909395
description: {"references": ["Espeland, M., Breinholt, J., Barbosa, E. P., Casagrande, M., Huertas, B., Lamas, G. et al. (2019 a) Four hundred shades of brown: higher level phylogeny of the problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on hybrid enrichment data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 131, 116 - 124.", "Murray, D. &amp; Prowell, D. P. (2005) Molecular phylogenetics and evolutionary history of the neotropical Satyrine subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 34, 67 - 80.", "Pena, C., Nylin, S., Freitas, A. V. L. &amp; Wahlberg, N. (2010) Biogeographic history of the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zoologica Scripta, 39, 243 - 258.", "Pena, C., Nylin, S. &amp; Wahlberg, N. (2011) The radiation of Satyrini butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a challenge for phylogenetic methods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 64 - 87.", "Fratello, S. 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