cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
First results from the DarkSide-50 dark matter experiment at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Dark matter
WIMP
Noble liquid detectors
Low-background detectors
Liquid scintillators

description: © 2015 The Authors. We report the first results of DarkSide-50, a direct search for dark matter operating in the underground Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) and searching for the rare nuclear recoils possibly induced by weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). The dark matter detector is a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber with a (46.4±0.7)kg active mass, operated inside a 30 t organic liquid scintillator neutron veto, which is in turn installed at the center of a 1 kt water Cherenkov veto for the residual flux of cosmic rays. We report here the null results of a dark matter search for a (1422±67)kgd exposure with an atmospheric argon fill. This is the most sensitive dark matter search performed with an argon target, corresponding to a 90% CL upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section of 6.1×10-44cm2 for a WIMP mass of 100Gev/c2.
Energetic radiation and the sulfur chemistry of protostellar envelopes: Submillimeter interferometry of AFGL 2591
Creators: name: Benz, A. O.
name: Staeuber, P.
name: Bourke, T. L.
name: vanderTak, F. F. S.
name: van Dishoeck, E. F.
name: Joergensen, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CONTEXT: The chemistry in the inner few thousand AU of accreting envelopes around young stellar objects is predicted to vary greatly with far-UV and X-ray irradiation by the central star. Aim We search for molecular tracers of high-energy irradiation by the protostar in the hot inner envelope. METHODS: The Submillimeter Array (SMA) has observed the high-mass star forming region AFGL 2591 in lines of CS, SO, HCN, HCN(v2=1), and HC15N with 0.6" resolution at 350 GHz probing radial scales of 600-3500 AU for an assumed distance of 1 kpc. The SMA observations are compared with the predictions of a chemical model fitted to previous single-dish observations. RESULTS: The CS and SO main peaks are extended in space at the FWHM level, as predicted in the model assuming protostellar X-rays. However, the main peak sizes are found smaller than modeled by nearly a factor of 2. On the other hand, the lines of CS, HCN, and HC15N, but not SO and HCN(v2=1), show pedestal emissions at radii of about 3500 AU that are not predicted. All lines except SO show a secondary peak within the approaching outflow cone. A dip or null in the visibilities caused by a sharp decrease in abundance with increasing radius is not observed in CS and only tentatively in SO. CONCLUSIONS: The emission of protostellar X-rays is supported by the good fit of the modeled SO and CS amplitude visibilities including an extended main peak in CS. The broad pedestals can be interpreted by far-UV irradiation in a spherically non-symmetric geometry, possibly comprising outflow walls on scales of 3500 -- 7000 AU. The extended CS and SO main peaks suggest sulfur evaporation near the 100 K temperature radius.
description: Astronomy and Astrophysics, in press
title: Core outcomes for pressure ulcer prevention trials: results of an international consensus study
Creators: name: Lechner, Anna
name: Coleman, Susanne
name: Balzer, Katrin
name: Kirkham, Jamie J.
name: Muir, Delia
name: Nixon, Jane
name: Kottner, Jan
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Delphi Technique
subject: Endpoint Determination
subject: Pressure Ulcer
subject: Qualitative Research
subject: Research Design
subject: Treatment Outcome
classificationCode: 610
subject: Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background There is substantial heterogeneity between trial outcomes in pressure ulcer prevention research. The development of core outcome sets is one strategy to improve comparability between trial results and thus increase the quality of evidence. Objectives To identify core outcomes for pressure ulcer prevention trials. Methods A workshop was held with service users to discuss their views and understanding of the outcomes identified by a scoping review and to identify any missing outcomes. In a next step, a Delphi survey comprising three rounds was conducted to evaluate a compiled list of outcomes by their importance. Afterwards the preselection from the Delphi survey was discussed in a virtual consensus meeting with the aim of agreeing on a final set of core outcomes. Individuals who had completed all three rounds of the Delphi survey were eligible to participate in this meeting. Participants included practitioners, service users, researchers and industry representatives. The OUTPUTs project is registered in the COMET database and is part of the Cochrane Skin Core Outcome Set Initiative. Results The workshop did not reveal any missing outcomes, but highlighted the need for further efforts to make lay people understand what an outcome is in a study setting. The Delphi survey took place between December 2020 and June 2021. After the three rounds, 18 out of 37 presented outcomes were rated to be critically important. In the following consensus meeting, six outcomes were prioritized to be included in the core outcome set for pressure ulcer prevention trials: (i) pressure ulcer occurrence; (ii) pressure ulcer precursor signs and symptoms; (iii) mobility; (iv) acceptability and comfort of intervention; (v) adherence/compliance; and (vi) adverse events/safety. Conclusions Based on a comprehensive list of outcomes in pressure ulcer prevention research, there was clear agreement on the six identified core outcomes in three international Delphi rounds and in the consensus meeting. Although outcome measurement instruments need to be identified next, the six identified core outcomes should already be considered in future trials, as service users, practitioners, researchers and industry representatives have agreed that they are critically important.
Family decision maker perspectives on the return of genetic results in biobanking research
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: biobanking
bioethical issues
genetic research
incidental findings
return of results

description: © 2016 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. Purpose:There are many ethical considerations regarding the return of genetic results to biobanking participants, especially when biobanks collect samples from deceased organ and tissue donors that require the authorization of a family decision maker (FDM). This article explores FDM knowledge and opinions regarding return of genetic results in the context of the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project, which does not return results to participants.Methods:Data collection included a survey completed by Organ Procurement Organization requesters (n = 22) and semistructured telephone interviews with FDM (n = 55).Results:Nearly every FDM wanted some form of genetic results returned. Information regarding treatable diseases (94.3%) and diseases that could affect their children (84.9%) were more desirable than that regarding untreatable diseases (71.7%). Sixty percent of FDMs understood that GTEx would not return genetic results. FDMs were four times more likely to have correct knowledge of the GTEx policy when their GTEx requester reported discussing the topic with them.Conclusion:FDMs from the GTEx project were interested in receiving genetic test results. Marked changes in the infrastructure of the GTEx would be required to alter the policy. Regardless, care must be taken to ensure that the return policy is clearly communicated with FDMs to dispel misconceptions.
title: Regulation of early cerebellar development
Creators: name: Lowenstein, Elijah David
name: Cui, Ke
name: Hernandez‐Miranda, Luis Rodrigo
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: cerebellar development
subject: neuronal specification
subject: progenitor niches
subject: rhombic lip
subject: transcription factors
subject: ventricular zone
classificationCode: 610
subject: Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The study of cerebellar development has been at the forefront of neuroscience since the pioneering work of Wilhelm His Sr., Santiago Ramon y Cajal and many others since the 19th century. They laid the foundation to identify the circuitry of the cerebellum, already revealing its stereotypic three-layered cortex and discerning several of its neuronal components. Their work was fundamental in the acceptance of the neuron doctrine, which acknowledges the key role of individual neurons in forming the basic units of the nervous system. Increasing evidence shows that the cerebellum performs a variety of homeostatic and higher order neuronal functions beyond the mere control of motor behaviour. Over the last three decades, many studies have revealed the molecular machinery that regulates distinct aspects of cerebellar development, from the establishment of a cerebellar anlage in the posterior brain to the identification of cerebellar neuron diversity at the single cell level. In this review, we focus on summarizing our current knowledge on early cerebellar development with a particular emphasis on the molecular determinants that secure neuron specification and contribute to the diversity of cerebellar neurons.
Effect of event selection on jetlike correlation measurement in d + Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: nucl-ex
nucl-th

description: © 2015 The Authors. Dihadron correlations are analyzed in √sNN = 200 GeV d + Au collisions classified by forward charged particle multiplicity and zero-degree neutral energy in the Au-beam direction. It is found that the jetlike correlated yield increases with the event multiplicity. After taking into account this dependence, the non-jet contribution on the away side is minimal, leaving little room for a back-to-back ridge in these collisions.
title: Statistical review of animal trials—A guideline
Creators: name: Piper, Sophie K.
name: Zocholl, Dario
name: Toelch, Ulf
name: Roehle, Robert
name: Stroux, Andrea
name: Hoessler, Johanna
name: Zinke, Anne
name: Konietschke, Frank
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: animal experiment
subject: Animal Welfare Act committee
subject: ethics approval
subject: preclinical research
subject: statistical planning
classificationCode: 610
subject: Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Any experiment involving living organisms requires justification of the need and moral defensibleness of the study. Statistical planning, design, and sample size calculation of the experiment are no less important review criteria than general medical and ethical points to consider. Errors made in the statistical planning and data evaluation phase can have severe consequences on both results and conclusions. They might proliferate and thus impact future trials-an unintended. outcome of fundamental research with profound ethical consequences. Unified statistical standards are currently missing for animal review boards in Germany. In order to accompany, we developed a biometric form to be filled and handed in with the proposal at the concerned local authority on animal welfare. It addresses relevant points to consider for biostatistical planning of animal experiments and can help both the applicants and the reviewers in overseeing the entire experiment(s) planned. Furthermore, the form might also aid in meeting the current standards set by the 3+3R's principle of animal experimentation: Replacement, Reduction, Refinement as well as Robustness, Registration, and Reporting. The form has already been in use by the concerned local authority of animal welfare in Berlin, Germany. In addition, we provide reference to our user guide giving more detailed explanation and examples for each section of the biometric form. Unifying the set of biostatistical aspects will help both the applicants and the reviewers to equal standards and increase quality of preclinical research projects, also for translational, multicenter, or international studies.
Extensions of positive definite functions on amenable groups
Creators: name: Bakonyi, M.
name: Timotin, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 43A35; 47A57; 20E05 (Primary)

description: Let $S$ be a subset of a amenable group $G$ such that $e\in S$ and $S^{-1}=S$. The main result of the paper states that if the Cayley graph of $G$ with respect to $S$ has a certain combinatorial property, then every positive definite operator-valued function on $S$ can be extended to a positive definite function on $G$. Several known extension results are obtained as a corollary. New applications are also presented.
Persistent pods of the tree Acacia caven: a natural refuge for diverse insects including Bruchid beetles and the parasitoids Trichogrammatidae, Pteromalidae and Eulophidae
Creators: name: Rousse, Danielle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The persistent pods of the tree, Acacia caven, that do not fall from the tree provide opportunities for the appearance of a diverse group of insects the following season. Such pods collected during the spring of 1999 in Chile were indehiscent with highly sclerified pod walls. In contrast, persistent pods collected in Uruguay after a wet winter and spring (2002) were partially dehiscent, inducing the deterioration of the woody pods, and consequently exposing the seeds. These persistent pods are a natural refuge for insect species, namely two bruchid beetles (Pseudopachymeria spinipes, Stator furcatus), one scolytidae (Dendroctonus sp), lepidopterous larvae, ant colonies (Camponotus sp),one species of oophagous parasitoid (Uscana espinae group senex), the gregarious larval-pupae parasitoid Monoksa dorsiplana (Pteromalidae) and two species of Horismenus spp. (Eulophidae). The patriline of M. dorsiplana is frequently formed by 1 son +7 daughters.
description: 9 pages
Heart - Shaped Nuclei: Condensation of Rotational Aligned Octupole Phonons
Creators: name: Frauendorf, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strong octupole correlations in the mass region $A\approx 226$ are interpreted as rotation-induced condensation of octupole phonons having their angular momentum aligned with the rotational axis. Discrete phonon energy and parity conservation generate oscillations of the energy difference between the lowest rotational bands with positive and negative parity. Anharmonicities tend to synchronize the the rotation of the condensate and the quadrupole shape of the nucleus forming a rotating heart shape.
description: 9 figures, revised content
title: Developing a woman‐centered, inclusive definition of traumatic childbirth experiences: A discussion paper
Creators: name: Leinweber, Julia
name: Fontein‐Kuipers, Yvonne
name: Thomson, Gill
name: Karlsdottir, Sigfridur Inga
name: Nilsson, Christina
name: Ekström‐Bergström, Anette
name: Olza, Ibone
name: Hadjigeorgiou, Eleni
name: Stramrood, Claire
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: obstetric violence
subject: postpartum
subject: post-traumatic stress disorder
subject: subjective
subject: traumatic childbirth
classificationCode: 610
subject: Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Introduction Many women experience giving birth as traumatic. Although women's subjective experiences of trauma are considered the most important, currently there is no clear inclusive definition of a traumatic birth to help guide practice, education, and research. Aim To formulate a woman-centered, inclusive definition of a traumatic childbirth experience. Methods After a rapid literature review, a five-step process was undertaken. First, a draft definition was created based on interdisciplinary experts’ views. The definition was then discussed and reformulated with input from over 60 multidisciplinary clinicians and researchers during a perinatal mental health and birth trauma research meeting in Europe. A revised definition was then shared with consumer groups in eight countries to confirm its face validity and adjusted based on their feedback. Results The stepwise process confirmed that a woman-centered and inclusive definition was important. The final definition was: “A traumatic childbirth experience refers to a woman's experience of interactions and/or events directly related to childbirth that caused overwhelming distressing emotions and reactions; leading to short and/ or long-term negative impacts on a woman's health and wellbeing.” Conclusions This definition of a traumatic childbirth experience was developed through consultations with experts and consumer groups. The definition acknowledges that low-quality provider interactions and obstetric violence can traumatize individuals during childbirth. The women-centered and inclusive focus could help women to identify and validate their experiences of traumatic birth, offering benefits for practice, education, and research, as well as for policymaking and activism in the fields of perinatal mental health and respectful maternity care.
The geometrical quantity in damped wave equations on a square
Creators: name: Hébrard, Pascal
name: Humbert, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35L05, 93D15

description: The energy in a square membrane $Ω$ subject to constant viscous damping on a subset $ω\subset Ω$ decays exponentially in time as soon as $ω$ satisfies a geometrical condition known as the "Bardos-Lebeau-Rauch" condition. The rate $τ(ω)$ of this decay satisfies $τ(ω)= 2 \min(-μ(ω), g(ω))$ (see Lebeau [Math. Phys. Stud. 19 (1996) 73-109]). Here $μ(ω)$ denotes the spectral abscissa of the damped wave equation operator and $g(ω)$ is a number called the geometrical quantity of $ω$ and defined as follows. A ray in $Ω$ is the trajectory generated by the free motion of a mass-point in $Ω$ subject to elastic reflections on the boundary. These reflections obey the law of geometrical optics. The geometrical quantity $g(ω)$ is then defined as the upper limit (large time asymptotics) of the average trajectory length. We give here an algorithm to compute explicitly $g(ω)$ when $ω$ is a finite union of squares.
Physical conditions in the warped accretion disk of a massive star. 349 GHz ALMA observations of G023.01$-$00.41
Creators: name: Sanna, A.
name: Giannetti, A.
name: Bonfand, M.
name: Moscadelli, L.
name: Kuiper, R.
name: Brand, J.
name: Cesaroni, R.
name: Garatti, A. Caratti o
name: Pillai, T.
name: Menten, K. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Young massive stars warm up the large amount of gas and dust which condenses in their vicinity, exciting a forest of lines from different molecular species. Their line brightness is a diagnostic tool of the gas physical conditions locally, which we use to set constraints on the environment where massive stars form. We made use of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array at frequencies near 349 GHz, with an angular resolution of $0.1''$, to observe the methyl cyanide (CH$_3$CN) emission which arises from the accretion disk of a young massive star. We sample the disk midplane with twelve distinct beams, where we get an independent measure of the gas (and dust) physical conditions. The accretion disk extends above the midplane showing a double-armed spiral morphology projected onto the plane of the sky, which we sample with ten additional beams: along these apparent spiral features, gas undergoes velocity gradients of about $\rm 1 km s^{-1}$ per 2000 au. The gas temperature (T) rises symmetrically along each side of the disk, from about 98 K at 3000 au to 289 K at 250 au, following a power law with radius, R$^{-0.43}$. The CH$_3$CN column density (N) increases from $\rm 9.2\times10^{15} cm^{-2}$ to $\rm 8.7\times10^{17} cm^{-2}$ at the same radii, following a power law with radius, R$^{-1.8}$. In the framework of a circular gaseous disk observed approximately edge-on, we infer an H$_2$ volume density in excess of $\rm 4.8\times10^9 cm^{-3}$ at a distance of 250 au from the star. We study the disk stability against fragmentation following the methodology by Kratter et al. (2010), appropriate under rapid accretion, and we show that the disk is marginally prone to fragmentation along its whole extent.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics
Evolution of Spin-Orbital-Lattice Coupling in the $R$VO$_3$ Perovskites
Creators: name: Horsch, Peter
name: Oles', Andrzej M.
name: Feiner, Louis Felix
name: Khaliullin, Giniyat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a microscopic model which unravels the physical mechanisms responsible for the observed phase diagram of the $R$VO$_3$ perovskites. It reveals a nontrivial interplay between superexchange, the orbital-lattice coupling due to the GdFeO$_3$-like rotations of the VO$_6$ octahedra, and orthorhombic lattice distortions. We find that the lattice strain affects the onset of the magnetic and orbital order by partial suppression of orbital fluctuations. The present approach provides also a natural explanation of the observed reduction of magnon energies from LaVO$_3$ to YVO$_3$.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Mobility promotes and jeopardizes biodiversity in rock-paper-scissors games
Creators: name: Reichenbach, Tobias
name: Mobilia, Mauro
name: Frey, Erwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Biodiversity is essential to the viability of ecological systems. Species diversity in ecosystems is promoted by cyclic, non-hierarchical interactions among competing populations. Such non-transitive relations lead to an evolution with central features represented by the `rock-paper-scissors' game, where rock crushes scissors, scissors cut paper, and paper wraps rock. In combination with spatial dispersal of static populations, this type of competition results in the stable coexistence of all species and the long-term maintenance of biodiversity. However, population mobility is a central feature of real ecosystems: animals migrate, bacteria run and tumble. Here, we observe a critical influence of mobility on species diversity. When mobility exceeds a certain value, biodiversity is jeopardized and lost. In contrast, below this critical threshold all subpopulations coexist and an entanglement of travelling spiral waves forms in the course of temporal evolution. We establish that this phenomenon is robust, it does not depend on the details of cyclic competition or spatial environment. These findings have important implications for maintenance and evolution of ecological systems and are relevant for the formation and propagation of patterns in excitable media, such as chemical kinetics or epidemic outbreaks.
description: Final submitted version; the printed version can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06095 Supplementary movies are available at http://www.theorie.physik.uni-muenchen.de/lsfrey/images_content/movie1.AVI and http://www.theorie.physik.uni-muenchen.de/lsfrey/images_content/movie2.AVI
Making opportunistic networks in IoT environments CCN-ready: A performance evaluation of the MobCCN protocol
Creators: name: Borgia, Eleonora
name: Bruno, Raffaele
name: Passarella, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In future IoT environments it is expected that the role of personal devices of mobile users in the physical area where IoT devices are deployed will become more and more important. In particular, due to the push towards decentralisation of services towards the edge, it is likely that a significant share of data generated by IoT devices will be needed by other (mobile) nodes nearby, while global Internet access will be limited only to a small fraction of data. In this context, opportunistic networking schemes can be adopted to build efficient content-centric protocols, through which data generated by IoT devices (or by mobile nodes themselves) can be accessed by the other nodes nearby. In this paper, we propose MobCCN, which is an ICN-compliant protocol for this heterogeneous environment. MobCCN is designed to implement the routing and forwarding mechanisms of the main ICN realisations, such as CCN. The original aspect of MobCCN is to implement an efficient opportunistic networking routing scheme to populate the Forwarding Interest Base (FIB) tables of the nodes, in order to guide the propagation of Interest packets towards nodes that store the required data. Specifically, MobCCN defines the utility of each node as a forwarder of Interest packets for a certain type of content, such that Interest packets can be propagated along a positive utility gradient, until reaching some node storing the data. We evaluate MobCCN against protocols representing two possible endpoints of the spectrum, respectively in terms of minimising the data delivery delay and the resource consumption. Performance results show that MobCCN is very effective and efficient, as it guarantees very high delivery rates and low delays, while keeping the total generated traffic at a reasonable level and also saving local resources.
title: Developing a woman‐centered, inclusive definition of positive childbirth experiences: A discussion paper
Creators: name: Leinweber, Julia
name: Fontein‐Kuipers, Yvonne
name: Karlsdottir, Sigfridur Inga
name: Ekström‐Bergström, Anette
name: Nilsson, Christina
name: Stramrood, Claire
name: Thomson, Gill
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: childbirth experience
subject: definition
subject: positive childbirth
subject: postpartum
subject: provider interactions
subject: subjective
subject: woman centered
classificationCode: 610
subject: Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Introduction A positive childbirth experience promotes women’s health, both during and beyond the perinatal period. Understanding what constitutes a positive childbirth experience is thus critical to providing high-quality maternity care. Currently, there is no clear, inclusive, woman-centered definition of a positive childbirth experience to guide practice, education, and research. Aim To formulate an inclusive woman-centered definition of a positive childbirth experience. Methods A six-step process was undertaken: (a) Key concepts associated with a positive childbirth were derived from a rapid literature review; (b) The key concepts were used by interdisciplinary experts in the author group to create a draft definition; (c) The draft definition was presented to clinicians and researchers during a European research meeting on perinatal mental health; (d) The authors integrated the expert feedback to refine the working definition; (e) A revised definition was shared with women from consumer groups in six countries to confirm its face validity; and (f) A final definition was formulated based on the women’s feedback (n = 42). Results The following definition was formulated: “A positive childbirth experience refers to a woman’s experience of interactions and events directly related to childbirth that made her feel supported, in control, safe, and respected; a positive childbirth can make women feel joy, confident, and/or accomplished and may have short and/or long-term positive impacts on a woman’s psychosocial well-being.” Conclusions This inclusive, woman-centered definition highlights the importance of provider interactions for facilitating a positive childbirth experience. Feeling supported and having a sense of control, safety, and respect are central tenets. This definition could help to identify and validate positive childbirth experience(s), and to inform practice, education, research, advocacy, and policy-making.
The water purification system for the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: High purity water
Deionization

description: © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. We describe the design, installation, and operation of a purification system that is able to provide large volumes of high purity ASTM (D1193-91) Type-I water to a high energy physics experiment. The water environment is underground in a lightly sealed system, and this provides significant challenges to maintaining high purity in the storage pools, each of which contains several thousand cubic meters. High purity is dictated by the need for large optical absorption length, which is critical for the operation of the experiment. The system is largely successful, and the water clarity criteria are met. We also include a discussion of lessons learned.
Teleportation of atomic states via position measurements
Creators: name: Tumminello, Michele
name: Ciccarello, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a scheme for conditionally teleporting an unknown atomic state in cavity QED, which requires two atoms and one cavity mode. The translational degrees of freedom of the atoms are taken into account using the optical Stern-Gerlach model. We show that successful teleportation with probability 1/2 can be achieved through local measurements of the cavity photon number and atomic positions. Neither direct projection onto highly entangled states nor holonomous interaction-time constraints are required.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, 3 new appendices included
Pulse-doppler signal processing with quadrature compressive sampling
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: cs.IT
math.IT

description: © 2015 IEEE. Quadrature compressive sampling (QuadCS) is a recently introduced sub-Nyquist sampling scheme for effective acquisition of inphase and quadrature (I/Q) components of sparse radio frequency signals. In applications to pulse-Doppler radars, the QuadCS outputs can be arranged into a two-dimensional data format, in terms of slow time and virtual fast time, similar to that by Nyquist sampling. This paper develops a compressive sampling pulse-Doppler (CoSaPD) processing scheme which performs Doppler estimation/detection and range estimation from the sub-Nyquist data without recovering the Nyquist samples. The Doppler estimation is realized through a spectrum analyzer as in classical processing, whereas the detection is performed using the Doppler bin data. The range estimation is performed using sparse recovery algorithms only for the detected targets to reduce the computational load. A low detection threshold is used to improve the detection probability and the introduced false targets are then removed in the range estimation stage by exploiting the inherent target detection capability of the recovery algorithms. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed CoSaPD scheme, which requires only one-eighth of the Nyquist rate to achieve similar performance to the classical processing with Nyquist samples, provided that the input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is above -25 dB.
A new source for a braneworld cosmological constant from a modified gravity model in the bulk
Creators: name: Bertolami, Orfeu
name: Carvalho, Carla
name: Laia, Joao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a four-dimensional equation of state for a cosmological constant term arises from a perfect fluid in the bulk in the context of a gravity model where the scalar curvature is non-minimally coupled to the perfect fluid Lagrangian density. The four-dimensional theory is fully determined from the induced equations on the brane, subject to the boundary conditions derived across the brane.
Multi-filter photometry of Solar System Objects from the SkyMapper Southern Survey
Creators: name: Sergeyev, A. V.
name: Carry, B.
name: Onken, C. A.
name: Devillepoix, H. A. R.
name: Wolf, C.
name: Chang, S. -W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The populations of small bodies of the Solar System (asteroids, comets, Kuiper Belt objects) are used to constrain the origin and evolution of the Solar System. Both their orbital distribution and composition distribution are required to track the dynamical pathway from their regions of formation to their current locations. Aims. We aim at increasing the sample of Solar System objects (SSOs) that have multi-filter photometry and compositional taxonomy. Methods. We search for moving objects in the SkyMapper Southern Survey. We use the predicted SSO positions to extract photometry and astrometry from the SkyMapper frames. We then apply a suite of filters to clean the catalog for false-positive detections. We finally use the near-simultaneous photometry to assign a taxonomic class to objects. Results. We release a catalog of 880,528 individual observations, consisting of 205,515 known and unique SSOs. The catalog completeness is estimated to be about 97% down to V=18 mag and the purity to be above 95% for known SSOs. The near-simultaneous photometry provides either three, two, or a single color that we use to classify 117,356 SSOs with a scheme consistent with the widely used Bus-DeMeo taxonomy. Conclusions. The present catalog contributes significantly to the sample of asteroids with known surface properties (about 40% of main-belt asteroids down to an absolute magnitude of 16). We will release more observations of SSOs with future SkyMapper data releases.
description: 15 pages, 22 figures, 13 tables
Accelerating NBODY6 with a GPU-Enabled Particle-Particle Particle-Tree Scheme
Creators: name: Arnold, Anthony D.
name: Baumgardt, Holger
name: Wang, Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a modified version of the NBODY6 code for simulating star clusters which greatly improves computational efficiency while sacrificing little in the way of accuracy. The distant force calculator is replaced by a GPU-enabled Barnes-Hut code, and integration is done with a standard leap frog scheme. Short-range forces continue to use the CPU-based fourth-order Hermite predictor-corrector scheme of NBODY6. Our code outperforms NBODY6 for systems with more than $3 \times 10^5$ particles and runs more than a factor 2 faster for systems of $10^6$ particles with similar energy conservation. Our code should be useful for simulating realistic dense stellar clusters, such as globular clusters or galactic nuclei.
description: 9 pages, 14 figures
Entropy signature of the running cosmological constant
Creators: name: Bonanno, Alfio
name: Reuter, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Renormalization group (RG) improved cosmologies based upon a RG trajectory of Quantum Einstein Gravity (QEG) with realistic parameter values are investigated using a system of cosmological evolution equations which allows for an unrestricted energy exchange between the vacuum and the matter sector. It is demonstrated that the scale dependence of the gravitational parameters, the cosmological constant in particular, leads to an entropy production in the matter system. The picture emerges that the Universe started out from a state of vanishing entropy, and that the radiation entropy observed today is essentially due to the coarse graining (RG flow) in the quantum gravity sector which is related to the expansion of the Universe. Furthermore, the RG improved field equations are shown to possess solutions with an epoch of power law inflation immediately after the initial singularity. The inflation is driven by the cosmological constant and ends automatically once the RG running has reduced the vacuum energy to the level of the matter energy density.
description: 57 pages, 7 figures
Magnetic control of ultra-cold 6Li and 174Yb(3P2) atom mixtures with Feshbach resonances
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: high-spin atomic system
Feshbach resonances
mata-stable states
magnetic photoassociation
close-coupling method

description: © 2015 IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. We theoretically evaluate the feasibility to form magnetically-tunable Feshbach molecules in collisions between fermionic 6Li atoms and bosonic metastable 174Yb(3P2) atoms. In contrast to the well-studied alkali-metal atom collisions, collisions with meta-stable atoms are highly anisotropic. Our first-principle coupled-channel calculation of these collisions reveals the existence of broad Feshbach resonances due to the combined effect of anisotropic-molecular and atomic-hyperfine interactions. In order to fit our predictions to the specific positions of experimentally-observed broad resonance structures (Dowd et al 2014) we optimized the shape of the short-range potentials by direct least-square fitting. This allowed us to identify the dominant resonance by its leading angular momentum quantum numbers and describe the role of collisional anisotropy in the creation and broadening of this and other resonances.
Quantitative Matching of Forensic Evidence Fragments Utilizing 3D Microscopy Analysis of Fracture Surface Replicas
Creators: name: Dawood, Bishoy
name: Llosa-Vite, Carlos
name: Thompson, Geoffrey Z.
name: Lograsso, Barbara K.
name: Claytor, Lauren K.
name: Vanderkolk, John
name: Meeker, William
name: Maitra, Ranjan
name: Bastawros, Ashraf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.9; J.2; K.4.2
subject: 82D35, 62H30, 62H35, 62P20, 62P25, 62P30, 62P35

description: Fractured surfaces carry unique details that can provide an accurate quantitative comparison to support comparative forensic analysis of those fractured surfaces. In this study, a statistical analysis comparison protocol was applied to a set of 3D topological images of fractured surface pairs and their replicas to provide confidence in the quantitative statistical comparison between fractured items and their replicas. A set of 10 fractured stainless steel samples was fractured from the same metal rod under controlled conditions and were cast using a standard forensic casting technique. Six 3D topological maps with 50% overlap were acquired for each fractured pair. Spectral analysis was utilized to identify the correlation between topological surface features at different length scales of the surface topology. We selected two frequency bands over the critical wavelength (which is greater than two-grain diameters) for statistical comparison. Our statistical model utilized a matrix-variate-$t$ distribution that accounts for the image-overlap to model the match and non-match population densities. A decision rule was developed to identify the probability of matched and unmatched pairs of surfaces. The proposed methodology correctly classified the fractured steel surfaces and their replicas with a posterior probability of match exceeding 99.96%. Moreover, the replication technique shows the potential to accurately replicate fracture surface topological details with a wavelength greater than 20$μ$m, which far exceeds the range for comparison of most metallic alloys of 50-200$μ$m. The developed framework establishes the basis of forensic comparison of fractured articles and their replicas while providing a reliable quantitative statistical forensic comparison, utilizing fracture mechanics-based analysis of the fracture surface topology.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures
General microscopic model of magnetoelastic coupling from first principles
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: cond-mat.mtrl-sci

description: © 2015 American Physical Society. Magnetoelastic coupling, i.e., the change of crystal lattice induced by a spin order, is not only scientifically interesting, but also technically important. In this work, we propose a general microscopic model from first-principles calculations to describe the magnetoelastic coupling and provide a way to construct the microscopic model from density functional theory calculations. Based on this model, we reveal that there exists a previously unexpected contribution to the electric polarization induced by the spin order in multiferroics due to the combined effects of magnetoelastic coupling and piezoelectric effect. Interestingly and surprisingly, we find that this lattice-deformation contribution to the polarization is even larger than that from the pure electronic and ion-displacement contributions in BiFeO3. This model of magnetoelastic coupling can be generally applied to investigate the other magnetoelastic phenomena.
Cosmic Web-Halo Connection Between Twin Universes
Creators: name: Chen, Hou-Zun
name: Kang, Xi
name: Wang, Peng
name: Libeskind, Noam I.
name: Luo, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Both simulation and observational data have shown that the spin and shape of dark matter halos are correlated with their nearby large-scale environment. As structure formation on different scales is strongly coupled, it is trick to disentangle the formation of halo with the large-scale environment, making it difficult to infer which is the driving force for the correlation between halo spin/shape with the large-scale structure. In this paper, we use N-body simulation to produce twin Universes that share the same initial conditions on small scales but different on large scales. This is achieved by changing the random seeds for the phase of those k modes smaller than a given scale in the initial conditions. In this way, we are able to disentangle the formation of halo and large-scale structure, making it possible to investigate how halo spin and shape correspond to the change of environment on large scales. We identify matching halo pairs in the twin simulations as those sharing the maximum number of identical particles within each other. Using these matched halo pairs, we study the cross match of halo spin and their correlation with the large-scale structure. It is found that when the large-scale environment changes (eigenvector) between the twin simulations, the halo spin has to rotate accordingly, although not significantly, to maintain the universal correlation seen in each simulation. Our results suggest that the large-scale structure is the main factor to drive the correlation between halo properties and their environment.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Complex-space singularities of 2D Euler flow in Lagrangian coordinates
Creators: name: Matsumoto, T.
name: Bec, J.
name: Frisch, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that, for two-dimensional space-periodic incompressible flow, the solution can be evaluated numerically in Lagrangian coordinates with the same accuracy achieved in standard Eulerian spectral methods. This allows the determination of complex-space Lagrangian singularities. Lagrangian singularities are found to be closer to the real domain than Eulerian singularities and seem to correspond to fluid particles which escape to (complex) infinity by the current time. Various mathematical conjectures regarding Eulerian/Lagrangian singularities are presented.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Physica D
title: Elicitors and phenotypes of adult patients with proven IgE‐mediated food allergy and non‐immune‐mediated food hypersensitivity to food additives
Creators: name: Alexiou, Aikaterina
name: Höfer, Veronika
name: Dölle‐Bierke, Sabine
name: Grünhagen, Josefine
name: Zuberbier, Torsten
name: Worm, Margitta
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: anaphylaxis
subject: double-blind
subject: food additives
subject: food allergy
subject: non-immune-mediated food hypersensitivity
subject: placebo-controlled food challenges
classificationCode: 610
subject: Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background Food allergy is a growing health concern with a prevalence of 2%–3% in the adult population in Europe. Non-immune-mediated food hypersensitivities, which include reactions after ingestion of food additives, affect 1% of adults and may resemble IgE-induced allergic reactions without identifiable immunologic sensitization. A double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of any food hypersensitivity. Objective We analysed a large group of adult patients with suspected food hypersensitivity, who had undergone DBPCFC, to better understand IgE-mediated food allergy and non-immune-dependent food hypersensitivity to food additives in adults regarding elicitors, symptoms and positivity rates of oral challenges. Methods Data from 541 patients with suspected food hypersensitivity were analysed, who underwent an oral food challenge between 2010 and 2019. Results IgE-dependent food allergy was confirmed in 114 of 329 adult patients (34.6%). The confirmation rate was lower in the group of patients with suspected non-immune-mediated reactions to food additives (65 of 286, 22.7%). Urticaria and angioedema appeared more frequently in patients with IgE-mediated food allergies. By contrast, flush and diarrhoea were the most frequent symptoms after a challenge in the group with the non-immune-mediated reactions to food additives. Wheat and celery were the most frequently identified food allergens in adults, whereas colourings and preservatives were the most frequent elicitors of non-immune-mediated food hypersensitivity. Conclusion The importance of oral food challenges for the diagnosis of food hypersensitivity is confirmed. IgE-dependent food allergy is more frequently proven, reaching a positivity rate of one-third and only about 20% for non-immune-mediated hypersensitivity. Future studies should elaborate on the mechanisms of non-immune-mediated food hypersensitivity and the clinical impact of cofactors in this setting.