cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF SELECTED INSTITUTIONAL FEATURES OF REGIONAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS IN NORTHERN MICHIGAN
Creators: name: Mullan, James David
name: Mullan, James David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: Individuals and groups have different preferences for the types of planning and development efforts that are undertaken by governmental agencies. Some people prefer programs aimed at alleviating unemployment situations. Others prefer programs designed to improve the natural environment, or to provide better recreation facilities, or to supply needed human resource services. The question is how are these tastes and preferences expressed to the relevant institutions of society responsible for planning and development activity? In Michigan, one of the more recent developments has been the authorization of regional planning and development organizations to prepare plans, conduct studies, and advise county and local units of government on a comprehensive range of development issues. These regional commissions have been organized under a variety of rules and procedures in compliance with both Federal and state legislation and guidelines. The primary purpose of this study is to explore the impact of selected structure and conduct rules on the expression of tastes and preferences for employment impact programs.
กลยุทธ์การจัดการอย่างยั่งยืนของร้านค้าปลีกในภาคกลางของประเทศไทย
Creators: name: อนุศาสตร์ สระทองเวียน
Publisher: name: สถาบันการจัดการปัญญาภิวัฒน์
Year: 2558
Subjects: ร้านค้าปลีก, ปัจจัยสำคัญของร้านค้าปลีก, ปัจจัยสำคัญด้านผู้ประกอบการ, กลยุทธ์ร้านค้าปลีก

description: 3, 7, วารสารปัญญาภิวัฒน์
BEHAVIOURS OF CONSERVATION ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS. Analysis based on New (and not so new) Institutional Economics
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: Australia
subject: biodiversity conservation
subject: bounded rationality
subject: civil society
subject: Common Agricultural Policy
subject: European Union
subject: Landcare
subject: mixed goods
subject: new institutional economics
subject: New Zealand
subject: NGOs
subject: principal-and-agent problem
subject: political acceptability

description: This article draws mostly (but not entirely) on new institutional economics to consider the likely behaviours of non-government conservation organizations and the implications of these behaviours for biodiversity conservation. It considers how institutional factors may result in behaviour of conservation NGOs diverging from their objectives, including their support for biodiversity conservation; examines aspects of rent capture and conservation alliances; specifies social factors that may restrict the diversity of species supported by NGOs for conservation; considers bounded rationality in relation to the operation of conservation NGOs; and using game theory, shows how competition between NGOs for funding can result in economic inefficiencies and narrow the diversity of species supported for conservation. It also considers generally how the social role of conservation NGOs might be assessed.
Additional file 1 of The influence of multidimensional deprivation on problem drinking developmental trajectory among young adults: a longitudinal study using latent class growth analysis
Creators: name: Lee, Soo Bi
name: Chung, Sulki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Correlation among the study variables. The table describes correlation coefficients between major variables. * p
Post-traumatic stress and dissociative autobiographical memories : overview and exploratory study in a sample of prostitutes
Creators: name: Cooper, Barry
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The empirical foundation of traumatic memory is obscure, perplexing, and in many instances, candidly paradoxical. In some cases, trauma has been found to produce accurate and persistent memory, while in others, memorial distortions such as dissociative amnesia. Unfortunately, the vast majority of the literature is laboratory based, raising the issue of external validity and necessitating the need for more field research. This field study set out to explore this complicated and often empirically contradictory area. The objective was to review the relevant literature and to ultimately, while incorporating the present results, validate a model of eyewitness recall for criminal and other traumatic events. It was proposed that situational features of the event interact with both trait and state characteristics of the victim to ultimately produce recall. Thirty-six prostitutes were interviewed using the 'Step-Wise' semi-structured interview for adult assault victims. Employing a repeated measures design, participants were instructed to provide three autobiographical narratives (i.e., a sexual assault, a non-sexual traumatic event, and a positive event) which were audio-taped and then qualitatively coded for quantity of recall. After each narrative, participants were assessed for retrospective state dissociation and for current post-traumatic stress (PTSD) symptomology. In addition, participants completed a trait dissociation scale and were queried as to the extent of their substance abuse and sexual assault histories. Results are discussed in terms of implications for interviewing, expert testimony and credibility assessment concerning memory for traumatic events.
2006 Michigan Cash Grain Farm Business Analysis Summary
Creators: name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Harsh, Stephen B.
name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Harsh, Stephen B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This report summarizes the 2006 financial and production records of 77 Michigan cash grain farms. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from one or a combination of these items: corn, soybeans, wheat, navy beans, oats, sugar beets and other small grains. The records came from Michigan State University’s TelFarm project and Farm Credit Service of Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. Farm records were included if a farm financial analysis had completed 2006 data including beginning and ending balance sheets and a statement of income and expenses. The data was checked to verify that cash discrepancy was less than 10% of gross cash inflow and that debt discrepancy was less than $1,000. While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported in the summary tables.
Two is Better Than One: Digital Siblings to Improve Autonomous Driving Testing
Creators: name: Biagiola, Matteo
name: Stocco, Andrea
name: Riccio, Vincenzo
name: Tonella, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.5

description: Simulation-based testing represents an important step to ensure the reliability of autonomous driving software. In practice, when companies rely on third-party general-purpose simulators, either for in-house or outsourced testing, the generalizability of testing results to real autonomous vehicles is at stake. In this paper, we enhance simulation-based testing by introducing the notion of digital siblings, a multi-simulator approach that tests a given autonomous vehicle on multiple general-purpose simulators built with different technologies, that operate collectively as an ensemble in the testing process.
 We exemplify our approach on a case study focused on testing the lane-keeping component of an autonomous vehicle. We use two open-source simulators as digital siblings, and we empirically compare such a multi-simulator approach against a digital twin of a physical scaled autonomous vehicle on a large set of test cases. Our approach requires generating and running test cases for each individual simulator, in the form of sequences of road points. Then, test cases are migrated between simulators, using feature maps to characterize the exercised driving conditions. Finally, the joint predicted failure probability is computed, and a failure is reported only in cases of agreement among the siblings.
 Our empirical evaluation shows that the ensemble failure predictor by the digital siblings is superior to each individual simulator at predicting the failures of the digital twin. We discuss the findings of our case study and detail how our approach can help researchers interested in automated testing of autonomous driving software.
VLT K-band spectroscopy of massive stars deeply embedded in IRAS sources with UCHII colours
Creators: name: Bik, A.
name: Kaper, L.
name: Hanson, M. M.
name: Smits, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained high resolution (R = 10,000) K-band spectra of candidate young massive stars deeply embedded in (ultra-) compact HII regions (UCHIIs). In these clusters, three types of objects are identified. The first type (38 objects) consists of ``naked'' OB stars whose K-band spectra are dominated by photospheric emission. We classify the K-band spectra of the OB-type cluster members using near-infrared classification criteria. The spectral classification provides an important constraint on the distance to the embedded cluster. The ionising power of the population thus derived is compared to the information obtained from the infrared and radio flux of these sources. In most cases these two different determinations of the ionising flux are consistent, from which we conclude that we have identified the ionising star(s) in about 50% of the embedded clusters. The second type (7 objects) are point sources associated with UCHII radio emission, that exhibit nebular emission lines in the near-infrared. Six of the objects in this group produce HeI emission indicative of an embedded O-type star. These objects are more embedded than the OB stars and probably do not dominate the infrared flux as measured by IRAS. The third type (20 objects) is characterised by broad (100--200 km/s) Brgamma emission and no photospheric absorption profiles. Bik et al (2005) show that these objects are massive YSO candidates surrounded by dense circumstellar disks.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication by A&A
Slovo: Russian Sign Language Dataset
Creators: name: Kapitanov, Alexander
name: Kvanchiani, Karina
name: Nagaev, Alexander
name: Petrova, Elizaveta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the main challenges of the sign language recognition task is the difficulty of collecting a suitable dataset due to the gap between hard-of-hearing and hearing societies. In addition, the sign language in each country differs significantly, which obliges the creation of new data for each of them. This paper presents the Russian Sign Language (RSL) video dataset Slovo, produced using crowdsourcing platforms. The dataset contains 20,000 FullHD recordings, divided into 1,000 classes of isolated RSL gestures received by 194 signers. We also provide the entire dataset creation pipeline, from data collection to video annotation, with the following demo application. Several neural networks are trained and evaluated on the Slovo to demonstrate its teaching ability. Proposed data and pre-trained models are publicly available.
description: russian sign language recognition dataset, open-source, 11 pages
Additional file 1 of Dangers of hyperoxia
Creators: name: Singer, Mervyn
name: Young, Paul J.
name: Laffey, John G.
name: Asfar, Pierre
name: Taccone, Fabio Silvio
name: Skrifvars, Markus B.
name: Meyhoff, Christian S.
name: Radermacher, Peter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1. Main features of the studies discussed in the text. ABG arterial blood gas; ACS acute coronary syndrome; AIS acute ischaemic stroke; AMI acute myocardial infarction; CI confidence interval; CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation; d day; ED emergency department; GCS Glasgow coma score; GOS Glasgow outcome scale; GOSE Glasgow outcome scale extended; ICU intensive care unit; IQR interquartile range; ICB intracranial bleeding; mo month; MV mechanical ventilation; OR odds ratio; PPI proton pump inhibitor; RBC red blood cell; RCT randomised controlled trial; ROSC return of spontaneous circulation; SAB subarachnoidal bleeding; SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome; SpO2 pulse oximetry haemoglobin O2 saturation; SOFA sequential organ failure assessment; SSI surgical site infection; STEMI ST segment elevation myocardial infarction; TBI traumatic brain injury; TWA time-weighted average; VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Enhanced Lidov-Kozai migration and the formation of the transiting giant planet WD1856+534b
Creators: name: O'Connor, Christopher E.
name: Liu, Bin
name: Lai, Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possible origin of the transiting giant planet WD1856+534b, the first strong exoplanet candidate orbiting a white dwarf, through high-eccentricity migration (HEM) driven by the Lidov-Kozai (LK) effect. The host system's overall architecture is an hierarchical quadruple in the '2+2' configuration, owing to the presence of a tertiary companion system of two M-dwarfs. We show that a secular inclination resonance in 2+2 systems can significantly broaden the LK window for extreme eccentricity excitation ($e \gtrsim 0.999$), allowing the giant planet to migrate for a wide range of initial orbital inclinations. Octupole effects can also contribute to the broadening of this 'extreme' LK window. By requiring that perturbations from the companion stars be able to overcome short-range forces and excite the planet's eccentricity to $e \simeq 1$, we obtain an absolute limit of $a_{1} \gtrsim 8 \, {\rm AU} \, (a_{3} / 1500 \, {\rm AU})^{6/7}$ for the planet's semi-major axis just before migration (where $a_{3}$ is the semi-major axis of the 'outer' orbit). We suggest that, to achieve a wide LK window through the 2+2 resonance, WD1856b likely migrated from $30 \, {\rm AU} \lesssim a_{1} \lesssim 60 \, {\rm AU}$, corresponding to $\sim 10$--$20 \, {\rm AU}$ during the host's main-sequence phase. We discuss possible difficulties of all flavours of HEM affecting the occurrence rate of short-period giant planets around white dwarfs.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; MNRAS 501 (2021) 507-514
Follow-Up Near-infrared Spectroscopy of Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies observed by ISO
Creators: name: Dannerbauer, H.
name: Rigopoulou, D.
name: Lutz, D.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Sturm, E.
name: Moorwood, A. F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present low resolution near-infrared spectroscopy of an unbiased sample of 24 ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs), selected from samples previously observed spectroscopically in the mid-infrared with the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). Qualitatively, the near-infrared spectra resemble those of starbursts. Only in one ULIRG, IRAS 04114-5117E, do we find spectroscopic evidence for AGN activity. The spectroscopic classification in the near-infrared is in very good agreement with the mid-infrared one. For a subset of our sample for which extinction corrections can be derived from Pa-alpha and Br-gamma, we find rather high Pa-alpha luminosities, in accordance with the powering source of these galaxies being star formation.[Fe] emission is strong in ULIRGs and may be linked to starburst and superwind activity. Additionally, our sample includes two unusual objects. The first, IRAS F00183-7111, exhibits extreme [Fe] emission and the second, IRAS F23578-5307, is according to our knowledge one of the most luminous infrared galaxies in H2 rotation-vibration emission.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A (12 pages, 4 figures). See http://www.mpia-hd.mpg.de/homes/dannerb/ for a version with higher quality figures
On the existence and optimality of competitive equilibria in nonrenewable resource industries
Creators: name: Fisher, Anthony C.
name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Fisher, Anthony C.
name: Karp, Larry S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: nonrenewable resources
subject: competitive equilibrium
subject: welfare optimum
subject: transversality conditions

description: If average costs in a nonrenewable resource industry are U-shaped, a competitive equilibrium may not be optimal and, indeed, may not exist. Although the differential equation that describes the change in the rate of extraction is the same for planner and firm, the boundary conditions obtained from the transversality conditions for the respective problems (for planner and firm) will not, in general, be the same. If costs are convex, or if there exists a backstop technology which can produce the resource services at sufficiently low cost, the boundary conditions are, however, the same.
The Threshold for Primordial Black Hole Formation: a Simple Analytic Prescription
Creators: name: Musco, Ilia
name: De Luca, Valerio
name: Franciolini, Gabriele
name: Riotto, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial black holes could have been formed in the early universe from non linear cosmological perturbations re-entering the cosmological horizon when the Universe was still radiation dominated. Starting from the shape of the power spectrum on superhorizon scales, we provide a simple prescription, based on the results of numerical simulations, to compute the threshold $δ_c$ for primordial black hole formation. Our procedure takes into account both the non linearities between the Gaussian curvature perturbation and the density contrast and, for the first time in the literature, the non linear effects arising at horizon crossing, which increase the value of the threshold by about a factor two with respect to the one computed on superhorizon scales.
description: 15 pages, 9 Figures. The second version contains minor changes
Electrical Detection of Self-Assembled Polyelectrolyte Multilayers by a Thin Film Resistor
Creators: name: Neff, Petra A.
name: Naji, Ali
name: Ecker, Christof
name: Nickel, Bert
name: von Klitzing, Regine
name: Bausch, Andreas R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The build up of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) was observed by a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) based thin film resistor. Differently charged polyelectrolytes adsorbing to the sensor surface result in defined potential shifts, which decrease with the number of layers deposited. We model the response of the device assuming electrostatic screening of polyelectrolyte charges by mobile ions within the PEMs. The Debye screening length inside the PEMs was found to be increased compared to the value corresponding to the bulk solution. Furthermore the partitioning of mobile ions between the bulk phase and the polyelectrolyte film was employed to calculate the dielectric constant of the PEMs and the concentration of mobile charges.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
JADES + JEMS: A Detailed Look at the Buildup of Central Stellar Cores and Suppression of Star Formation in Galaxies at Redshifts 3 < z < 4.5
Creators: name: Ji, Zhiyuan
name: Williams, Christina C.
name: Tacchella, Sandro
name: Suess, Katherine A.
name: Baker, William M.
name: Alberts, Stacey
name: Bunker, Andrew J.
name: Johnson, Benjamin D.
name: Robertson, Brant
name: Sun, Fengwu
name: Eisenstein, Daniel J.
name: Rieke, Marcia
name: Maseda, Michael V.
name: Hainline, Kevin
name: Hausen, Ryan
name: Rieke, George
name: Willmer, Christopher N. A.
name: Egami, Eiichi
name: Shivaei, Irene
name: Carniani, Stefano
name: Charlot, Stephane
name: Chevallard, Jacopo
name: Curtis-Lake, Emma
name: Looser, Tobias J.
name: Maiolino, Roberto
name: Willott, Chris
name: Chen, Zuyi
name: Helton, Jakob M.
name: Lyu, Jianwei
name: Nelson, Erica
name: Bhatawdekar, Rachana
name: Boyett, Kristan
name: Sandles, Lester
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a spatially resolved study of stellar populations in 6 galaxies with stellar masses $M_*\sim10^{10}M_\odot$ at $z\sim3.7$ using 14-filter JWST/NIRCam imaging from the JADES and JEMS surveys. The 6 galaxies are visually selected to have clumpy substructures with distinct colors over rest-frame $3600-4100Å$, including a red, dominant stellar core that is close to their stellar-light centroids. With 23-filter photometry from HST to JWST, we measure the stellar-population properties of individual structural components via SED fitting using Prospector. We find that the central stellar cores are $\gtrsim2$ times more massive than the Toomre mass, indicating they may not form via single in-situ fragmentation. The stellar cores have stellar ages of $0.4-0.7$ Gyr that are similar to the timescale of clump inward migration due to dynamical friction, suggesting that they likely instead formed through the coalescence of giant stellar clumps. While they have not yet quenched, the 6 galaxies are below the star-forming main sequence by $0.2-0.7$ dex. Within each galaxy, we find that the specific star formation rate is lower in the central stellar core, and the stellar-mass surface density of the core is already similar to quenched galaxies of the same masses and redshifts. Meanwhile, the stellar ages of the cores are either comparable to or younger than the extended, smooth parts of the galaxies. Our findings are consistent with model predictions of the gas-rich compaction scenario for the buildup of galaxies' central regions at high redshifts. We are likely witnessing the coeval formation of dense central cores, along with the onset of galaxy-wide quenching at $z>3$.
description: 34 pages, 18 figures, ApJ in press
Dynamic behavior of elevators under random inflow of passengers
Creators: name: Tanida, Sakurako
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elevators can be regarded as oscillators driven by the calls of passengers who arrive randomly. We study the dynamic behavior of elevators during the down peak period numerically and analytically. We assume that new passengers arrive at each floor according to a Poisson process and call the elevators to go down to the ground floor. We numerically examine how the round-trip time of a single elevator depends on the inflow rate of passengers at each floor and reproduce it by a self-consistent equation considering the combination of floors where call occurs. By setting an order parameter, we show that the synchronization of two elevators occurs irrespective of final destination (whether the elevators did or did not go to the top floor). It indicates that the spontaneous ordering of elevators emerges from the Poisson noise. We also reproduce the round-trip time of two elevators by a self-consistent equation considering the interaction through the existence of passengers and the absence of volume exclusion. Those results suggest that such interaction stabilizes and characterizes the spontaneous ordering of elevators.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Nonadiabatic Geometric Quantum Computation Using A Single-loop Scenario
Creators: name: Zhang, Xin-Ding
name: Zhu, Shi-Liang
name: Hu, L.
name: Wang, Z. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A single-loop scenario is proposed to realize nonadiabatic geometric quantum computation. Conventionally, a so-called multi-loop approach is used to remove the dynamical phase accumulated in the operation process for geometric quantum gates. More intriguingly, we here illustrate in detail how to use a special single-loop method to remove the dynamical phase and thus to construct a set of universal quantum gates based on the nonadiabatic geometric phase shift. The present scheme is applicable to NMR systems and may be feasible in other physical systems.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Histopathology of the broad class of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers used or produced in U.S. facilities in a murine model
Creators: name: Fraser, Kelly
name: Hubbs, Ann
name: Yanamala, Naveena
name: Mercer, Robert R.
name: Stueckle, Todd A.
name: Jensen, Jake
name: Eye, Tracy
name: Battelli, Lori
name: Clingerman, Sidney
name: Fluharty, Kara
name: Dodd, Tiana
name: Casuccio, Gary
name: Bunker, Kristin
name: Lersch, Traci L.
name: Kashon, Michael L.
name: Orandle, Marlene
name: Dahm, Matthew
name: Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K.
name: Kodali, Vamsi
name: Erdely, Aaron
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary tables and figures.
Metadados para representação de dados em COVID-19: um estudo exploratório
Creators: name: Araujo, Anderson Silva de
name: Veiga, Viviane
name: Pereira, Isabella Henrique Lima
name: Oliveira, Mylena Cristhina Araujo de
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Apresentação realizada na sessão Comunicação II da 13ª Conferência Lusófona de Ciência Aberta, formato híbrido, de 10 a 12 de outubro de 2022.
Logarithmic spirals on surfaces of constant Gaussian curvature
Creators: name: Blacker, Casey
name: Tsyganenko, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A04 (Primary), 53A05, 53B20 (Secondary)

description: We compute the geodesic curvature of logarithmic spirals on surfaces of constant Gaussian curvature. In addition, we show that the asymptotic behavior of the geodesic curvature is independent of the curvature of the ambient surface. We also show that, at a fixed distance from the center of the spiral, the geodesic curvature is continuously differentiable as a function of the Gaussian curvature.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures. To appear in Involve
The eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS): Complex absorption and soft excesses in hard X-ray--selected active galactic nuclei
Creators: name: Waddell, Sophia G. H.
name: Nandra, Kirpal
name: Buchner, Johannes
name: Wu, Qiaoya
name: Shen, Yue
name: Arcodia, Riccardo
name: Merloni, Andrea
name: Salvato, Mara
name: Dauser, Thomas
name: Boller, Thomas
name: Liu, Teng
name: Comparat, Johan
name: Wolf, Julien
name: Dwelly, Tom
name: Ricci, Claudio
name: Brownstein, Joel R.
name: Brusa, Marcella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The soft excess, a surplus of X-ray photons above 2 keV with respect to a power law, is a feature of debated physical origin found in the X-ray spectra of many type-1 active galactic nuclei (AGN). The eROSITA instrument aboard the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) mission will provide an all-sky census of AGN suitable for spectral analysis. Aims. The primary goal of this work is to test a variety of models for the soft X-ray emission of AGN (thermal emission, non-thermal emission, ionised absorption, or neutral partial covering absorption) to help identify the physical origin of the soft X-ray spectral complexity. Differences between these models are examined in the context of this sample to understand the physical properties. Methods. We used Bayesian X-ray analysis to fit a sample of 200 AGN from the eFEDS hard X-ray--selected sample with a variety of phenomenological and physically motivated models. Model selection was performed using the Bayes factor to compare the applicability of each model. Results. We find that 29 sources have evidence for a soft excess at a confidence level >97.5%, all of which are better modelled by an additional soft power law than by thermal blackbody emission. We find 23 of these sources prefer a warm corona model, while six sources prefer relativistic blurred reflection. Additionally many sources show evidence for complex absorption, with 29 preferring a warm absorber and 25 a partial covering absorber. Sources with a soft excess show a significantly higher Eddington ratio than those with warm absorbers. We discuss the implication of these results for the physical processes in the central regions of AGN. Conclusions. Spectral fitting with Bayesian statistics is ideal for the identification of complex absorption and soft excesses in the X-ray spectra of AGN and can allow one to distinguish between different physical interpretations. (Abridged)
description: 27 pages, 30 figures, plus 2 appendices. Accepted for publication by A&A
Reverse Auctions: Are they a Cost-Effective Alternative to Traditional Agricultural Conservation Spending?
Creators: name: Greenhalgh, Suzie
name: Taylor, Michael A.
name: Selman, Mindy
name: Guiling, Jenny
name: Greenhalgh, Suzie
name: Taylor, Michael A.
name: Selman, Mindy
name: Guiling, Jenny
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: market-based incentives
subject: reverse auctions
subject: EQIP
subject: conservation funding
subject: performance based strategies

description: Agricultural practices continue to degrade water quality and ecosystems worldwide. In the United States, programs like the Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) target the voluntary adoption of agricultural best management practices (BMPs). Demand for these programs has historically exceeded available funding, so allocating funding to achieve the greatest environmental outcome is essential. In recent years, economists have argued that market mechanisms should be incorporated within government programs to improve their cost-effectiveness. This article presents the results of a reverse auction to allocate funding to reduce phosphorus losses from farms, and compares the results with EQIP funded contracts in the same watershed.
Inferring unknown unknowns: Regularized bias-aware ensemble Kalman filter
Creators: name: Nóvoa, Andrea
name: Racca, Alberto
name: Magri, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Because of physical assumptions and numerical approximations, low-order models are affected by uncertainties in the state and parameters, and by model biases. Model biases, also known as model errors or systematic errors, are difficult to infer because they are `unknown unknowns', i.e., we do not necessarily know their functional form a priori. With biased models, data assimilation methods may be ill-posed because either (i) they are 'bias-unaware' because the estimators are assumed unbiased, (ii) they rely on an a priori parametric model for the bias, or (iii) they can infer model biases that are not unique for the same model and data. First, we design a data assimilation framework to perform combined state, parameter, and bias estimation. Second, we propose a mathematical solution with a sequential method, i.e., the regularized bias-aware ensemble Kalman Filter (r-EnKF), which requires a model of the bias and its gradient (i.e., the Jacobian). Third, we propose an echo state network as the model bias estimator. We derive the Jacobian of the network, and design a robust training strategy with data augmentation to accurately infer the bias in different scenarios. Fourth, we apply the r-EnKF to nonlinearly coupled oscillators (with and without time-delay) affected by different forms of bias. The r-EnKF infers in real-time parameters and states, and a unique bias. The applications that we showcase are relevant to acoustics, thermoacoustics, and vibrations; however, the r-EnKF opens new opportunities for combined state, parameter and bias estimation for real-time and on-the-fly prediction in nonlinear systems.
description: 22 Figures
Evolution of Retrograde Orbiters in an AGN Disk
Creators: name: Secunda, Amy
name: Hernandez, Betsy
name: Goodman, Jeremy
name: Leigh, Nathan W. C.
name: McKernan, Barry
name: Ford, K. E. Saavik
name: Adorno, Jose I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: AGN disks have been proposed as promising locations for the mergers of stellar mass black hole binaries (BBHs). Much recent work has been done on this merger channel, but the majority focuses on stellar mass black holes (BHs) orbiting in the prograde direction. Little work has been done to examine the impact of retrograde orbiters (ROs) on the formation and mergers of BBHs in AGN disks. Quantifying the retrograde contribution is important, since roughly half of all orbiters should initially be on retrograde orbits when the disk forms. We perform an analytic calculation of the evolution of ROs in an AGN disk. Because this evolution could cause the orbits of ROs to cross those of prograde BBHs, we derive the collision rate between a given RO and a given BBH orbiting in the prograde direction. In the examples given here, ROs in the inner region of the disk experience a rapid decrease in the semimajor axis of their orbits while also becoming highly eccentric in less than a million years. This rapid orbital evolution could lead to extreme mass ratio inspirals detectable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. The collision rates of our example ROs with prograde BBHs in the migration trap depend strongly on the volume of the inner radiation-pressure-dominated region which depends on the mass of the supermassive black hole (SMBH). Rates are lowest for larger mass SMBHs, which dominate the AGN merger channel, suggesting that merger rates for this channel may not be significantly altered by ROs.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, accepted to ApJL
Octupolar test of general relativity
Creators: name: Mahapatra, Parthapratim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compact binaries with unequal masses and whose orbits are not aligned with the observer's line of sight are excellent probes of gravitational radiation beyond the quadrupole approximation. Among the compact binaries observed so far, strong evidence of octupolar modes is seen in GW190412 and GW190814, two binary black holes observed during the first half of the third observing run of LIGO/Virgo observatories. These two events, therefore, provide a unique opportunity to test the consistency of the octupolar modes with the predictions of general relativity (GR). In the post-Newtonian (PN) approximation to GR, the gravitational-wave phasing has known dependencies on different radiative multipole moments, including the mass octupole. This permits the use of publicly released posteriors of the PN phase deformation parameters for placing constraints on the deformations to the different PN components of the radiative mass octupole denoted by $δμ_{3n}$. Combining the posteriors on $δμ_{3n}$ from these two events, we deduce a joint bound (at 90% credibility) on the first three PN order terms in the radiative octupoles to be $δμ_{30}=-0.07^{+0.11}_{-0.12}$, $δμ_{32}=0.48^{+0.93}_{-1.15}$, and $δμ_{33}=-0.32^{+1.67}_{-0.62}$, consistent with GR predictions. Among these, the measurement of $δμ_{33}$ for the first time confirms the well-known octupolar tail contribution, a novel nonlinear effect due to the scattering of the octupolar radiation by the background spacetime, is consistent with the predictions of GR. Detection of similar systems in the future observing runs should further tighten these constraints.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
Zero-Temperature Coarsening in the Two-Dimensional Long-Range Ising Model
Creators: name: Christiansen, Henrik
name: Majumder, Suman
name: Janke, Wolfhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics following a quench to zero temperature of the non-conserved Ising model with power-law decaying long-range interactions $\propto 1/r^{d+σ}$ in $d=2$ spatial dimensions. The zero-temperature coarsening is always of special interest among nonequilibrium processes, because often peculiar behavior is observed. We provide estimates of the nonequilibrium exponents, viz., the growth exponent $α$, the persistence exponent $θ$, and the fractal dimension $d_f$. It is found that the growth exponent $α\approx 3/4$ is independent of $σ$ and different from $α=1/2$ as expected for nearest-neighbor models. In the large $σ$ regime of the tunable interactions only the fractal dimension $d_f$ of the nearest-neighbor Ising model is recovered, while the other exponents differ significantly. For the persistence exponent $θ$ this is a direct consequence of the different growth exponents $α$ as can be understood from the relation $d-d_f=θ/α$; they just differ by the ratio of the growth exponents $\approx 3/2$. This relation has been proposed for annihilation processes and later numerically tested for the $d=2$ nearest-neighbor Ising model. We confirm this relation for all $σ$ studied, reinforcing its general validity.
DIFFERENCES IN U.S. CONSUMER PREFERENCES FOR CERTIFIED PORK CHOPS WHEN FACING BRANDED VS. NON-BRANDED CHOICES
Creators: name: Ubilava, David
name: Foster, Kenneth A.
name: Lusk, Jayson L.
name: Nilsson, Tomas K.H.
name: Ubilava, David
name: Foster, Kenneth A.
name: Lusk, Jayson L.
name: Nilsson, Tomas K.H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: Consumers' preferences for credence attributes of a product may differ from each other, when facing the choices between branded and/or non-branded products. We test this hypothesis with conditional and mixed logit regression using data obtained by choice experiment surveys. The results suggest that, on average, consumers are willing to pay more for a certification attribute when the product is branded. Additionally, greater variation in consumer willingness-to-pay is observed in the non-branded case. This latter characteristic of the results may represent the increased uncertainty some consumers internalize concerning quality consistency when brand information is not provided. These results have interesting implications for producers, processors, retailers, and policy makers.
Analysis of the Impact of North Indian Ocean Cyclonic Disturbance on Human and Economic Losses
Creators: name: Yadav, Monu
name: Das, Laxminarayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper explores the features of cyclonic disturbances (CDs) in the North Indian Ocean (NIO) by utilizing data from 1990 to 2022. It investigates the occurrence rate of these disturbances and their effects on human and economic losses throughout the mentioned period. The analysis demonstrates a rising trend in the occurrence of CDs in the NIO. While there has been a slight decline in CD-related fatalities since 2015, but there has been a considerable increase in economic losses. These findings can be attributed to enhanced government initiatives in disaster prevention and mitigation in recent years, as well as rapid economic growth in regions prone to CDs. The study sheds light on the significance of addressing the impact of CDs on both human lives and economic stability in the NIO region.
The time dependence of muon spin relaxation spectra and spin correlation functions
Creators: name: Steer, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existing theory of the microscopic interpretation of the dynamical contribution to zero-field muon depolarization spectra in a longitudinal geometry is developed. The predicted relaxation of the muon depolarization is calculated from two forms of the spin correlation function. First, when the spin correlation function has an exponential form with a single wave vector dependent relaxation rate is considered, it is shown that this form of the spin correlation function reproduces the slow and fast fluctuation limits of stochastic spin theory regardless of the choice of microscopic spin model. Second, if the spin correlation function is a homogeneous scaling function (such as a power-law decay with time), as suggested by the mode-coupling theory of spin dynamics, this results in a stretched exponential relaxation of the muon spectra. For simple spin diffusion, the muon spectra are shown to be relax with a root-exponential form.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Additional file 1 of Metacognitive therapy and work-focused interventions for patients on sick leave due to anxiety and depression: study protocol for a randomised controlled wait-list trial
Creators: name: Sandin, Kenneth
name: Gjengedal, Ragne G. H.
name: Osnes, Kåre
name: Hannisdal, Marit
name: Berge, Torkil
name: Leversen, Jonas S. R.
name: Røv, Lars G.
name: Reme, Silje Endresen
name: Lagerveld, Suzanne
name: Blonk, Roland
name: Nordahl, Hans M.
name: Shields, Gemma
name: Wells, Adrian
name: Hjemdal, Odin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT checklist.
AJAE Appendix: Time to Eat: Household Production Under Increasing Income Inequality
Creators: name: Hamermesh, Daniel S.
name: Hamermesh, Daniel S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: The material contained herein is supplementary to the article named in the title and published in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Volume 89, Number 4, November 2007.
Updated constraints on $Z'$ and $W'$ bosons decaying into bosonic and leptonic final states using the Run 2 ATLAS data
Creators: name: Osland, P.
name: Pankov, A. A.
name: Serenkova, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The full ATLAS Run 2 data set with time-integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$ in the diboson and dilepton channels is used to probe benchmark models with extended gauge sectors: the $E_6$-motivated Grand Unification models, the left-right symmetric $LR$ and the sequential standard model (EGM). These all predict neutral $Z'$ vector bosons, decaying into lepton pairs, $\ell\ell$, or into electroweak gauge boson pairs $WW$, where one $W$ in turn decays semileptonically. 95% C.L. exclusion limits on the $Z'$ resonance production cross section times branching ratio to electroweak gauge boson pairs and to lepton pairs in the mass range of $\sim$ 1 - 6 TeV are converted to constraints on the $Z$-$Z'$ mixing parameter and the heavy resonance mass. We present exclusion regions on the parameter space of the $Z'$ which are significantly extended compared to those obtained from the previous analyses performed with LHC data collected at 7 and 8 TeV in Run 1 as well as at 13 TeV in Run 2 at time-integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb$^{-1}$ and are the most stringent bounds to date. Also presented, from a similar analysis of electrically charged $W'$ bosons arising in the EGM, which can decay through $W'\to WZ$ and $W'\to \ellν$, are limits on the $W$-$W'$ mixing parameter and the charged $W'$ vector boson mass.
description: 18 pages, many figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1912.02106, arXiv:1904.01432, arXiv:1809.08933. Version published in PRD
2-Cocycles of Original Deformative Schrödinger-Virasoro Algebras
Creators: name: Li, Junbo
name: Su, Yucai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B05; 17B56; 17B65; 17B68

description: Both original and twisted Schrödinger-Virasoro algebras also their deformations were introduced and investigated in a series of papers by Henkel, Roger and Unterberger. In the present paper we aim to determine the 2-cocycles of original deformative Schrödinger-Virasoro algebras.
description: 13pages
An Interdisciplinary Survey on Origin-destination Flows Modeling: Theory and Techniques
Creators: name: Rong, Can
name: Ding, Jingtao
name: Li, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Origin-destination (OD) flow modeling is an extensively researched subject across multiple disciplines, such as the investigation of travel demand in transportation and spatial interaction modeling in geography. However, researchers from different fields tend to employ their own unique research paradigms and lack interdisciplinary communication, preventing the cross-fertilization of knowledge and the development of novel solutions to challenges. This article presents a systematic interdisciplinary survey that comprehensively and holistically scrutinizes OD flows from utilizing fundamental theory to studying the mechanism of population mobility and solving practical problems with engineering techniques, such as computational models. Specifically, regional economics, urban geography, and sociophysics are adept at employing theoretical research methods to explore the underlying mechanisms of OD flows. They have developed three influential theoretical models: the gravity model, the intervening opportunities model, and the radiation model. These models specifically focus on examining the fundamental influences of distance, opportunities, and population on OD flows, respectively. In the meantime, fields such as transportation, urban planning, and computer science primarily focus on addressing four practical problems: OD prediction, OD construction, OD estimation, and OD forecasting. Advanced computational models, such as deep learning models, have gradually been introduced to address these problems more effectively. Finally, based on the existing research, this survey summarizes current challenges and outlines future directions for this topic. Through this survey, we aim to break down the barriers between disciplines in OD flow-related research, fostering interdisciplinary perspectives and modes of thinking.
description: 49 pages, 6 figures