title: Solidarity in Ubuntu Philosophy and in Honneth's Struggle for Recognition: Contribution to the Resolution of Ethnic and Religious Conflicts in Nigeria
title: Solidarity in Ubuntu and Honneth Philosophies: towards Ethnic and Religious Conflicts Resolution in Nigeria
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Okafor, Polycarp
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 100 Philosophy, parapsychology and occultism, psychology
subject: 200 Religion

description: This book compares solidarity in Ubuntu Philosophy and in Axel Honneth's Struggle for Recognition, and thus offers an intercultural contribution to ethnic and religious conflict resolution in Nigeria.
description: Dieses Buch vergleicht Solidarität in der Ubuntu-Philosophie mit Solidarität in Axel Honneths "Kampf um Anerkennung" und bietet damit einen interkulturellen Beitrag zur Lösung ethnischer und religiöser Konflikte in Nigeria.
description: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..... I 1. SOLIDARITY AS A TOPOS IN ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS ..... 7 1.1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ..... 7 1.2. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ..... 10 1.3. RESEARCH QUESTION ..... 11 1.4. METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH ..... 12 1.5. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY ..... 13 1.6. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY ..... 14 1.7. STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY ..... 15 1.8. THE KEY CONCEPTS OF THE STUDY ..... 17 1.9. SOLIDARITY AS A TOPOS IN INTERCULTURAL STUDIES AND ETHNIC / RELIGIOUS CONFLICT RESOLUTION STUDIES ..... 29 2. HOMOGENEOUS SOLIDARITY PRACTICES AND ETHNIC / RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS IN NIGERIA ..... 35 2.1. NIGERIA AS A COUNTRY ..... 35 2.2. SOLIDARITY PRACTICES IN NIGERIA ..... 39 2.2.1. SOLIDARITY AMONG THE MAJOR ETHNIC GROUPS IN NIGERIA ..... 39 2.2.2. SOLIDARITY AMONG THE IGBO ETHNIC GROUP ..... 39 2.2.3. SOLIDARITY AMONG THE YORUBA ETHNIC GROUP ..... 46 2.2.4. SOLIDARITY AMONG THE HAUSA (FULANI) ETHNIC GROUP ..... 48 2.2.5. SOLIDARITY PRACTICES AMONG MAJOR RELIGIONS IN NIGERIA ..... 49 2.2.6. SOLIDARITY PRACTICE OF CHRISTIAN RELIGION IN NIGERIA ..... 51 2.2.7. SOLIDARITY PRACTICES OF ISLAM RELIGION IN NIGERIA ..... 54 2.3. INTER-ETHNIC AND INTER-RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS IN NIGERIA ..... 57 2.3.1. IGBO-YORUBA ETHNIC CONFLICTS ..... 57 2.3.2. FARMER-HERDSMEN ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS CRISIS IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF NIGERIA ..... 60 2.3.3. BOKO-HARAM INSURGENCY AS A RELIGIOUS CONFLICT IN NIGERIA ..... 87 2.4. ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS AND THE PRACTICE OF HOMOGENEOUS SOLIDARITY AS A PROBLEM IN NIGERIA ..... 91 3. THE AFRICAN CONCEPT OF SOLIDARITY IN UBUNTU PHILOSOPHY ..... 97 3.1. FROM UBUNTU TO UBUNTU PHILOSOPHY ..... 97 3.2. UBUNTU’S PHILOSOPHICAL LOCATION ..... 103 3.2.1. UBUNTU AS A MORAL PHILOSOPHY ..... 103 3.2.2. UBUNTU AS AFRICAN HUMANISM ..... 105 3.2.3. UBUNTU AS CONTESTED SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY ..... 106 3.3. SOLIDARITY IN UBUNTU PHILOSOPHY ..... 108 3.3.1. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLIDARITY IN UBUNTU PHILOSOPHY ..... 113 3.3.2. SOLIDARITY IN UBUNTU AND AFRICAN COMMUNALISM ..... 126 3.3.3. UBUNTU AS A HOMOGENEOUS SOLIDARITY PRACTICE ..... 133 3.4. SOLIDARITY IN UBUNTU AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN THE TRADITIONAL SOCIETY OF NIGERIA ..... 138 3.4.1. CHALLENGES OF UBUNTU SOLIDARITY PRACTICE IN NIGERIA ..... 141 3.4.2. XENOPHOBIC ATTACKS AS A CHALLENGE TO UBUNTU SOLIDARITY PRACTICE IN NIGERIA AND AFRICA ..... 143 3.5. THE LIMITATIONS OF SOLIDARITY IN UBUNTU PHILOSOPHY ..... 145 3.5.1. PROBLEM OF EXCLUSION IN UBUNTU CONCEPT OF SOLIDARITY ..... 145 3.5.2. THE PROBLEM OF INJUSTICE IN UBUNTU SOLIDARITY ..... 148 3.5.3. THE PROBLEM OF NEGLECT OF WOMEN IN UBUNTU SOLIDARITY ..... 148 3.6. TOWARDS HETEROGENEOUS SOLIDARITY AS MITIGATION TO CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN THE MODERN SOCIETY ..... 151 4. THE EUROPEAN CONCEPT OF SOLIDARITY OF HONNETH ..... 155 4.1. THE CONCEPT OF RECOGNITION ..... 156 4.1.1. MUTUAL RECOGNITION ..... 159 4.1.2. MUTUAL RECOGNITION AND REIFICATION ..... 164 4.1.3. MUTUAL RECOGNITION AND JUSTICE ..... 165 4.1.4. LOVE AND FRIENDSHIP ..... 167 4.1.5. ACQUISITION OF RIGHTS OR LEGAL RELATION ..... 172 4.1.6. SOLIDARITY IN HONNETH ..... 181 4.2. THE CONCEPT OF MISRECOGNITION ..... 191 4.2.1. DISRESPECT ..... 193 4.3. THE LIMITATIONS OF SOLIDARITY ..... 197 4.3.1. THE PROBLEM OF COMPETITION FOUND IN SOCIAL ESTEEM IN HONNETH’S CONCEPT OF SOLIDARITY ..... 197 4.3.2. HONNETH’S POLITICAL MOVEMENT PROBLEM ..... 200 4.3.3. AGENCY PROBLEM IN THE THEORY OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION ..... 203 4.3.4. THE FAILURE TO ADDRESS THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE LAW IN THE SOCIETY ..... 205 4.4. SOLIDARITY IN HONNETH AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN NIGERIA ..... 208 4.5. THE NEED FOR EXPANSION OF THE CONCEPT OF SOLIDARITY ..... 211 5. THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOLIDARITY IN HONNETH AND UBUNTU ..... 217 5.1. LOCATING UBUNTU AND HONNETH PHILOSOPHIES ..... 217 5.1.1. EPISTEMOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL LOCATION OF HONNETH AND UBUNTU SOLIDARITY ..... 217 5.1.2. HONNETH AND UBUNTU CONCEPTS OF SOLIDARITY AS CONTESTED SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY ..... 230 5.1.3. RESPECT IN HONNETH VIS-A-VIS RESPECT IN UBUNTU ..... 236 5.1.4. JUSTICE IN HONNETH VIS A VIS JUSTICE IN UBUNTU ..... 238 5.2. THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE CONCEPT OF SOLIDARITY IN HONNETH AND UBUNTU ..... 240 5.2.1. HONNETH’S HETEROGENEOUS CONCEPT OF SOLIDARITY AND UBUNTU’S HOMOGENEOUS CONCEPT OF SOLIDARITY ..... 241 5.2.2. HONNETH’S CONCEPT OF SOLIDARITY AS A DEVELOPED CONCEPT AND UBUNTU CONCEPT OF SOLIDARITY AS A DEVELOPING CONCEPT ..... 244 5.3. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOLIDARITY IN UBUNTU AND HONNETH IN RELATION TO THE THEOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF SOLIDARITY ..... 250 5.4. COMPARISON OF UBUNTU AND HONNETH PHILOSOPHIES TOWARDS SOCIAL COHESION IN THE TRADITIONAL AND MODERN SOCIETY ..... 256 6. HONNETH AND UBUNTU SOLIDARITY: TOWARDS ETHNIC / RELIGIOUS CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN NIGERIA ..... 261 6.1. SOLIDARITY IN UBUNTU TOWARDS ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN NIGERIA ..... 261 6.1.1. THE NECESSARY PRE-CONDITIONS OF TRADITIONAL AFRICAN CONFLICT RESOLUTION ..... 265 6.1.2. AFRICAN TRADITIONAL PROCESS OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION APPLIED TOWARDS ETHNIC/ RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS IN NIGERIA ..... 268 6.1.3. PROSPECTS AND LIMITS OF UBUNTU SOLIDARITY TOWARDS ETHNIC/RELIGIOUS CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN NIGERIA ..... 283 6.2. FROM UBUNTU TO HONNETH: TOWARDS RESOLUTION OF ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS IN NIGERIA ..... 284 6.2.1. THE PARADIGMN SHIFT FROM HOMOGENEOUS TO HETEROGENEOUS SOLIDARITY AS LESSONS FROM XENOPHOBIC ATTACKS ..... 284 6.3. HONNETH’S RECOGNITION AND MISRECOGNITION CONCEPTS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN NIGERIA ..... 293 6.3.1. RECOGNITION IN HONNETH TOWARDS ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS CONFLICT RESOLUTION OF FULANI HERDSMEN AND FARMERS CONFLICTS ..... 294 6.3.2. RIGHTS ACCORDING TO HONNETH FOR RESOLVING ETHNIC CONFLICTS IN NIGERIA ..... 304 6.3.3. RESPECT AND RIGHTS IN HONNETH TOWARDSRESOLUTION OF RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS ..... 305 6.3.4. PROSPECTS AND LIMITS OF HONNETH’S SOLIDARITY IN REGARD TO ETHNIC/RELIGIOUS CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN NIGERIA ..... 307 7. SUMMARY ..... 309 7.1. CRITICAL EVALUATION ..... 310 7.2. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH ..... 316 7.3. CONCLUSIONS ..... 318 REFERENCES ..... 321