cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Representations for Manifold-Valued Data
Creators: name: Rahman, Inam Ur
name: Drori, Iddo
name: Stodden, Victoria C.
name: Donoho, David L.
name: Schroeder, Peter
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We describe multiscale representations for data observed on equispaced grids and taking values in manifolds such as: the sphere S2, the special orthogonal group SO(3), the positive definite matrices SPD(n), and the Grassmann manifolds G(n, k). The representations are based on the deployment of Deslauriers-Dubuc and Average Interpolating pyramids "in the tangent plane" of such manifolds, using the Exp and Log maps of those manifolds. The representations provide "wavelet coefficients" which can be thresholded, quantized, and scaled much as traditional wavelet coefficients. Tasks such as compression, noise removal, contrast enhancement, and stochastic simulation are facilitated by this representation. The approach applies to general manifolds, but is particularly suited to the manifolds we consider, i.e. Riemanian symmetric spaces, such as Sn-1, SO(n), G(n, k), where the Exp and Log maps are effectively computable. Applications to manifold-valued data sources of a geometric nature (motion, orientation, diffusion) seem particularly immediate. A software toolbox, SymmLab, can reproduce the results discussed in this paper.
High-pressure study of superconducting and non-superconducting single crystals of the same nominal composition Rb0.8Fe2Se2
Creators: name: Gooch, M.
name: Lv, B.
name: Deng, L. Z.
name: Muramatsu, T.
name: Meen, J.
name: Xue, Y. Y.
name: Lorenz, B.
name: Chu, C. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two single crystalline samples with the same nominal composition of Rb0.8Fe2Se2 prepared via slightly different precursor routes under the same thermal processing conditions were investigated at ambient and high pressures. One sample was found superconducting with a Tc of ~31 K without the previously reported resistivity-hump and the other was unexpectedly found to be a narrow-gap semiconductor. While the high pressure data can be understood in terms of pressure-induced variation in doping, the detailed doping effect on superconductivity is yet to be determined.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
title: EU-Wahlen 2024:  Wie wir resilienter gegen Desinformationskampagnen auf sozialen Plattformen  werden
Creators: name: Berger, Cathleen
name: Freihse, Charlotte
name: Hofmann, Vincent
name: Kettemann, Matthias C.
name: Mosene, Katharina
Publisher: name: Bertelsmann Stiftung
Year: 2023
Subjects: Wahlen
Demokratie
Desinformation
Soziale Medien
Europäische Union

description: Die bevorstehenden EU-Wahlen 2024 sind ein wichtiger Moment für den digitalen Wahlkampf, die Steuerung von Online-Diskursen – und die Zukunft Europas insgesamt. Desinformationskampagnen, Hassrede und Versuche, öffentliche Debatten zu manipulieren, werden eine zentrale Herausforderung darstellen. Es besteht die Gefahr, dass die Bürger:innen demokratischen Prozessen, öffentlichen Diskursen und den politischen Institutionen Europas skeptisch und misstrauisch gegenüberstehen. Und dieses Risiko ist real: Aktuelle, von der Landesanstalt für Medien Nordrhein-Westfalen in Auftrag gegebene forsa-Umfragen haben den Einfluss digitaler Desinformation, insbesondere im Kontext von Wahlen, untersucht. Sie ergaben, dass 54 % der Internetnutzer:innen zumindest gelegentlich mit politisch motivierter Desinformation in Berührung kommen. Ganze 85% glauben, dass Desinformation demokratische Prozesse gefährden kann. 

Es gibt jedoch auch eine gute Nachricht: Studien belegen, dass Desinformationen nicht in großem Umfang die Meinungen beeinflussen und dass die Nutzer:innen immer besser in der Lage sind, solche irreführenden oder falschen Inhalte zu erkennen, auch wenn sie ermutigt werden könnten, diese regelmäßiger und aktiver zu melden.
US National Gemini Office in the NOIRLab era
Creators: name: Placco, Vinicius M.
name: Stanghellini, Letizia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article presents an overview of the US National Gemini Office (US NGO) and its role within the International Gemini Observatory user community. Throughout the years, the US NGO charter changed considerably to accommodate the evolving needs of astronomers and the observatory. The current landscape of observational astronomy requires effective communication between stakeholders and reliable/accessible data reduction tools and products, which minimize the time between data gathering and publication of scientific results. Because of that, the US NGO heavily invests in producing data reduction tutorials and cookbooks. Recently, the US NGO started engaging with the Gemini user community through social media, and the results have been encouraging, increasing the observatory's visibility. The US NGO staff developed tools to assess whether the support provided to the user community is sufficient and effective, through website analytics and social media engagement numbers. These quantitative metrics serve as the baseline for internal reporting and directing efforts to new or current products. In the era of the NSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab), the US NGO is well-positioned to be the liaison between the US user base and the Gemini Observatory. Furthermore, collaborations within NOIRLab programs, such as the Astro Data Lab and the Time Allocation Committee, enhance the US NGO outreach to attract users and develop new products. The future landscape laid out by the Astro 2020 report confirms the need to establish such synergies and provide more integrated user support services to the astronomical community at large.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, published in the Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems
title: MRI in seronegative spondyloarthritis: a pictorial review of sequences, protocols, imaging features and common incidental findings.
Creators: name: Eneje, Philip
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Arthritides
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: Musculoskeletal

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: We aim to outline a pictorial review of MRI imaging in seronegative spondyloarthropathy, including familiarising the reader with the inflammatory arthritis protocol, demonstrating the imaging findings used in the diagnosis of acute and chronic...
The Promise and Pitfalls of the New Voting Rights Act
Creators: name: Persily, Nathaniel A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Election law
subject: Legislative histories
subject: Constitutional law
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: In the summer of 2006, Congress reauthorized the expiring provisions of the Voting Rights Act (VRA) with a unanimous vote in the Senate and with limited opposition in the House of Representatives. The veneer of bipartisanship that outsiders perceived in the final vote glossed over serious disagreements between the parties over the meaning of the central provision of the new VRA, which prohibits voting laws that "diminish the ability" of minority citizens "to elect their preferred candidates of choice." Those disagreements came to the surface in a fractured Senate Committee Report released only after Congress had passed the law. This Article describes the unprecedented legislative history of this law, and the political and constitutional constraints that led the law to take the form that it did. It also presents an interpretation of the new retrogression standard that avoids the partisan bias of alternatives while emphasizing the importance of racially polarized voting to the constitutionality and meaning of this new law. It urges that the new law be read as preventing redistricting plans that reduce the aggregated probability across districts of the election of candidates preferred by the minority community and disfavored by whites.
title: Preliminary observational study of bone density and morphology changes in a popolution of individuals affected with type 2 diabetes.
Creators: name: Pugliese, Luca
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal
subject: Bones
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Absorptiometry / Bone densitometry
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Demineralisation-Bone
subject: Endocrine disorders
subject: Osteoporosis
subject: Prospective
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Individualswithtype2diabetes(T2D) have a higher risk of fracture despite normal to increasedbonemineraldensity(BMD), thus suggesting a...
Signatures of minor mergers in the Milky Way disc I: The SEGUE stellar sample
Creators: name: Gómez, Facundo A.
name: Minchev, Ivan
name: O'Shea, Brian W.
name: Lee, Young Sun
name: Beers, Timothy C.
name: An, Deokkeun
name: Bullock, James S.
name: Purcell, Chris W.
name: Villalobos, Álvaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is now known that minor mergers are capable of creating structure in the phase-space distribution of their host galaxy's disc. In order to search for such imprints in the Milky Way, we analyse the SEGUE F/G-dwarf and the Schuster et al. (2006) stellar samples. We find similar features in these two completely independent stellar samples, consistent with the predictions of a Milky Way minor-merger event. We next apply the same analyses to high-resolution, idealised N-body simulations of the interaction between the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy and the Milky Way. The energy distributions of stellar particle samples in small spatial regions in the host disc reveal strong variations of structure with position. We find good matches to the observations for models with a mass of Sagittarius' dark matter halo progenitor $\lessapprox 10^{11}$ M$_{\odot}$. Thus, we show that this kind of analysis could be used to provide unprecedentedly tight constraints on Sagittarius' orbital parameters, as well as place a lower limit on its mass.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables. Revised to reflect accepted version
Snowmass Whitepaper AF6: Plasma-Based Particle Sources
Creators: name: Fuchs, M.
name: Shadwick, B. A.
name: Vafaei-Najafabadi, N.
name: Thomas, A. G. R.
name: Andonian, G.
name: Büscher, M.
name: Lehrach, A.
name: Apsimon, O.
name: Xia, G.
name: Filippetto, D.
name: Schroeder, C. B.
name: Downer, M. C.
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Contribution to Snowmass 2021 (2022). doi:10.48550/arXiv.2203.08379
description: High-brightness beams generated by particle sources based on advanced accelerator concepts have the potential to become an essential part of future accelerator technology. High-gradient accelerators can generate and rapidly accelerate particle beams to relativistic energies while minimizing irreversible detrimental effects to the beam brightness that occur at low beam energies. Due to the high accelerating gradients, these novel accelerators are also significantly more compact than conventional technology. The beam parameters of these particle sources are largely determined by the injection and subsequent acceleration processes. While there has been significant progress crucial parameters that are required for a future collider or more near-term applications, including X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), such as a sufficiently small energy spread and small emittance for bunches with a high charge and at high pulse repetition rate. Major research and development efforts are required to realize these approaches for a front-end injector for a future collider in order to address these limitations. In particular, this includes methods to control and manipulate the phase-space and spin degrees-of-freedom of ultrashort LWFA electron bunches with high accuracy, methods that increase the laser-to-electron beam efficiency and increased repetition rate. This also includes the development of high-resolution diagnostics, such as full 6D phase-space measurements, beam polarimetry and high-fidelity simulation tools. A further increase in beam luminosity can be achieve through emittance damping. For future colliders, the damping rings might be replaced by a substantially more compact plasma-based approach. Here, plasma wigglers are used to achieve similar damping performance but over a two orders of magnitude reduced length.
description: Published by arXiv
U.S. Federal panel on agency, inter-agency, and international EJ initiatives
Creators: name: Herzog, Margaret
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2017
Subjects: environmental justice
minority populations
low-income populations

description: Presented at the Environmental justice in the Anthropocene symposium held on April 24-25, 2017 at the Lory Student Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins Colorado. This symposium aims to bring together academics (faculty and graduate students), independent researchers, community and movement activists, and regulatory and policy practitioners from across disciplines, research areas, perspectives, and different countries. Our overarching goal is to build on several decades of EJ research and practice to address the seemingly intractable environmental and ecological problems of this unfolding era. How can we explore EJ amongst humans and between nature and humans, within and across generations, in an age when humans dominate the landscape? How can we better understand collective human dominance without obscuring continuing power differentials and inequities within and between human societies? What institutional and governance innovations can we adopt to address existing challenges and to promote just transitions and futures?
description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Chair: Margaret Herzog
description: A brief overview of Federal-wide Environmental Justice Policy and BIA Tribal focus
title: The “Reversed Halo” sign on CT
Creators: name: Leung, Clement
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chest
subject: Lung
subject: Respiratory system
subject: Thorax
subject: CT
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Education and training
subject: Image registration
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To recognise the “reverse halo” sign on pulmonary CT examination. To understand and increase awareness of the spectrum of aetiologies that can present with this sign. To illustrate the various radiological features that help whittle down the...
Large neutrino mixing angle θ_{13}^{MNS} and quark-lepton mass ratios in unified flavour models
Creators: name: Antusch, Stefan
name: Maurer, Vinzenz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse how a large value of the leptonic mixing angle θ_{13}^{MNS} can be generated via charged lepton corrections in unified flavour models, using novel combinations of Clebsch-Gordan factors for obtaining viable quark-lepton mass ratios for the first two families. We discuss how these Clebsch-Gordan factors affect the relations between down-type quark mixing and charged lepton mixing in SU(5) GUTs and Pati-Salam unified models and calculate the resulting possible predictions for θ_{13}^{MNS} for models with θ_{13}^ν, θ_{13}^e << θ_{12}^e. While symmetric mass matrices with zero (1,1)-elements always lead to comparatively small θ_{13}^{MNS} \approx 2.8 degrees, we find novel combinations of Clebsch-Gordan factors for non-symmetric mass matrices which can yield θ_{13}^{MNS} \approx 5.1 degrees, 6.1 degrees, 7.6 degrees or 10.1 degrees, as favoured by the current experimental hints for large θ_{13}^{MNS}. We discuss applications to classes of models with underlying tri-bimaximal or bimaximal mixing in the neutrino sector.
description: 8 pages, version published in PRD
Defending Against Next Generation Through Network/Endpoint Collaboration and Interaction
Creators: name: Antonatos, Spiros
name: Locasto, Michael E.
name: Sidiroglou, Stelios
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
name: Markatos, Evangelos
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science

description: Over the past few years we have seen the use of Internet worms, i.e., malicious self-replicating programs, as a mechanism to rapidly invade and compromise large numbers of remote computers [33]. Although the first worms released on the Internet were large-scale, easy-to-spot massive security incidents [6, 19, 20, 26], also known as flash worms [32], it is currently envisioned (and we see already see signs, in the wild) that future worms will be increasingly difficult to detect, and will be known as stealth worms. This may be partly because the motives of early worm developers are thought to have been centered around self-gratification brought by the achievement of compromising large numbers of remote computers, while the motives of recent worm and malware developers have progressed to more mundane (and sinister) financial and political gains.
I2Sim financial model and its application to UBC's living lab projects
Creators: name: Ren, Rui
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The Infrastructure Interdependencies Simulator (I2Sim) enables the user to explore the relationship and interdependencies among different infrastructures. Based on the same I2Sim ontology, and derived from a regular production cell, the I2Sim financial production cell (FPC) is designed to simulate and present the financial behaviors. UBC’s living lab model and living lab battery model provided an ideal testing ground for the I2Sim environment and its new financial production cell. In the living lab model, two of the financial production cells were integrated into the system, and provided with real time dynamic inputs. As expected, the financial production cell outputs correctly the cost of purchased resources as well as the ongoing real time costs. The results of this simulation successfully demonstrated the strength of the I2Sim environment and the capabilities of the financial production cell. In the living lab battery model simulation, two cases were tested. In the first test case, with demand peak-shaving as the main objective, an entire battery system model was developed from the ground up and finally integrated with the financial production cell. The simulation provided accurate financial analysis towards three different battery types: Flow batteries, lithium-ion batteries and sodium sulfur batteries. Although the results suggest that the battery system is not the most economical electric energy storage system at the moment, it again proved that the financial production cell is a suitable tool for many different business analysis cases. In the second case, delaying south transmission line’s upgrading process became the main objective; the test results showed that the flow battery was the best choice. The project was proven to be both technically and financially feasible.
On UV/IR mixing in noncommutative gauge field theories
Creators: name: Horvat, R.
name: Ilakovac, A.
name: Trampetic, J.
name: You, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In formulating gauge field theories on noncommutative (NC) spaces it is suggested that particles carrying gauge invariant quantities should not be viewed as pointlike, but rather as extended objects whose sizes grow linearly with their momenta. This and other generic properties deriving from the nonlocal character of interactions (showing thus unambiguously their quantum-gravity origin) lead to a specific form of UV/IR mixing as well as to a pathological behavior at the quantum level when the noncommutativity parameter theta is set to be arbitrarily small. In spite of previous suggestions that in a NC gauge theory based on the theta-expanded Seiberg-Witten (SW) maps UV/IR mixing effects may be under control, a fairly recent study of photon self-energy within a SW theta-exact approach has shown that UV/IR mixing is still present. We study the self-energy contribution for neutral fermions in the theta-exact approach of NC QED, and show by explicit calculation that all but one divergence can be eliminated for a generic choice of the noncommutativity parameter theta. The remaining divergence is linked to the pointlike limit of an extended object.
description: 10 pages, a figure added, version to appear in JHEP
SLEPLET: Slepian Scale-Discretised Wavelets in Python
Creators: name: Roddy, Patrick J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Wavelets are widely used in various disciplines to analyse signals both in space and scale. Whilst many fields measure data on manifolds (i.e., the sphere), often data are only observed on a partial region of the manifold. Wavelets are a typical approach to data of this form, but the wavelet coefficients that overlap with the boundary become contaminated and must be removed for accurate analysis. Another approach is to estimate the region of missing data and to use existing whole-manifold methods for analysis. However, both approaches introduce uncertainty into any analysis. Slepian wavelets enable one to work directly with only the data present, thus avoiding the problems discussed above. Applications of Slepian wavelets to areas of research measuring data on the partial sphere include gravitational/magnetic fields in geodesy, ground-based measurements in astronomy, measurements of whole-planet properties in planetary science, geomagnetism of the Earth, and cosmic microwave background analyses.
description: 4 pages
title: Thrilled about SR-ILD
Creators: name: Leung, Clement
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chest
subject: Lung
subject: Respiratory system
subject: Thorax
subject: CT
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Decision analysis
subject: Education and training
subject: Image registration
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To differentiate the clinical, pathological and radiological features between different smoking related interstitial lung diseases (SR-ILDs) and from other differential...
Transforming Cyclic Circuits Into Acyclic Equivalents
Creators: name: Neiroukh, Osama
name: Edwards, Stephen A.
name: Song, Xiaoyu
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: Designers and high-level synthesis tools can introduce unwanted cycles in digital circuits, and for certain combinational functions, cyclic circuits that are stable and do not hold state are the smallest or most natural representations. Cyclic combinational circuits have well-defined functional behavior yet wreak havoc with most logic synthesis and timing tools, which require combinational logic to be acyclic. As such, some sort of cycle-removal step is necessary to handle these circuits with existing tools. We present a two-stage algorithm for transforming a combinational cyclic circuit into an equivalent acyclic circuit. The first part quickly and exactly characterizes all combinational behavior of a cyclic circuit. It starts by applying input patterns to each input and examining the boundary between gates whose outputs are and are not defined to find additional input patterns that make the circuit behave combinationally. It produces sets of assignments to inputs that together cover all combinational behavior. This can be used to report errors, as an optimization aid, or to restructure the circuit into an acyclic equivalent. The second stage of our algorithm does this restructuring by creating an acyclic circuit fragment from each of these assignments and assembles these fragments into an acyclic circuit that reproduces all the combinational behavior of the original cyclic circuit. Experiments show that our algorithm runs in seconds on real-life cyclic circuits, making it useful in practice.
Simulation of indivisible qubit channels in collision models
Creators: name: Rybar, Tomas
name: Filippov, Sergey N.
name: Ziman, Mario
name: Buzek, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A sequence of controlled collisions between a quantum system and its environment (composed of a set of quantum objects) naturally simulates (with arbitrary precision) any Markovian quantum dynamics of the system under consideration. In this paper we propose and study the problem of simulation of an {\it arbitrary} quantum channel via collision models. We show that a correlated environment is capable to simulate {\it non-Markovian} evolutions leading to any indivisible qubit channel. In particular, we derive the corresponding master equation generating a continuous time non-Markovian dynamics implementing the universal NOT gate being an example of the most non-Markovian quantum channels.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, submitted to JPB
What Does the Milky Way Look Like?
Creators: name: Xu, Y.
name: Hao, C. J.
name: Liu, D. J.
name: Lin, Z. H.
name: Bian, S. B.
name: Hou, L. G.
name: Li, J. J.
name: Li, Y. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In spite of much work, the overall spiral structure morphology of the Milky Way remains somewhat uncertain. In the last two decades, accurate distance measurements have provided us with an opportunity to solve this issue. Using the precise locations of very young objects, for the first time, we propose that our galaxy has a multiple-arm morphology that consists of two-arm symmetry (the Perseus and Norma Arms) in the inner parts and that extends to the outer parts, where there are several long, irregular arms (the Centaurus, Sagittarius, Carina, Outer, and Local Arms).
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, ApJ, 947, 54
title: Spread through air spaces in lung adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: Ledda, Roberta
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Multidisciplinary cancer care
subject: Cancer
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: CT-Quantitative
subject: CT
subject: Respiratory system
subject: Oncology
subject: Lung
subject: Chest

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: a. To discuss the association between pathological and CT findings in STAS-positive lung adenocarcinoma b. To discuss the potential role of quantitative imaging in the diagnosis of STAS in lung...
The Right to Bail in International Extradition Proceedings
Creators: name: Persily, Nathaniel A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Extradition
subject: Courts
subject: International relations
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Judgments
subject: Bail
subject: International law

description: Part I provides a general introduction to the history of the extradition statute. Part II describes the complex procedures involved in each stage of an extradition proceeding as they relate to bail. Part III presents a short description, by way of comparison, of the governing law for federal bail cases outside the realm of extradition law. Part IV examines the "rule" of "special circumstances" first phrased (perhaps inadvertently) in Wright, made prominent by a single opinion of Judge Learned Hand, and developed piecemeal by federal district courts throughout the course of this century. Part V describes the legislative efforts that attempted to bring order to this confusing area of the law and provides a few suggestions for directing future legislation.
Gone Rogue? China‘s Assertiveness in the South China Sea
Creators: name: Pham, Derek
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: International relations

description: Despite China‘s efforts in the past decade to implement a "good neighbor" policy with surrounding states, in the past two years this foreign policy has been seemingly compromised by China‘s aggressive tactics in the contested South China Sea (SCS), including its imposition of unilateral fishing bans, arrests of foreign fishermen, and increased coastal patrols. China‘s supposed private declaration this past March to American officials that the South China Sea constituted a "core interest" appeared to affirm a newfound and unconventionally aggressive commitment to the question of sovereignty in the SCS. This pattern of assertiveness was further apparent in China‘s vehement response to U.S. intervention in the dispute. Media reports attempting to interpret the change in posture concluded that there was still much uncertainty associated with China‘s ascendancy in the international system.
Lattice Knots in a Slab
Creators: name: Gasumova, D.
name: van Rensburg, E. J. Janse
name: Rechnitzer, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B41, 82B80

description: In this paper the number and lengths of minimal length lattice knots confined to slabs of width $L$, is determined. Our data on minimal length verify the results by Sharein et.al. (2011) for the similar problem, expect in a single case, where an improvement is found. From our data we construct two models of grafted knotted ring polymers squeezed between hard walls, or by an external force. In each model, we determine the entropic forces arising when the lattice polygon is squeezed by externally applied forces. The profile of forces and compressibility of several knot types are presented and compared, and in addition, the total work done on the lattice knots when it is squeezed to a minimal state is determined.
Some Applications of the Lee-Yang Theorem
Creators: name: Fröhlich, Jürg
name: Rodriguez, Pierre-François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82-02

description: For lattice systems of statistical mechanics satisfying a Lee-Yang property (i.e., for which the Lee-Yang circle theorem holds), we present a simple proof of analyticity of (connected) correlations as functions of an external magnetic field h, for Re h > 0 or Re h < 0. A survey of models known to have the Lee-Yang property is given. We conclude by describing various applications of the aforementioned analyticity in h.
description: 16 pages
title: Burned-out testicular cancer
Creators: name: Ledda, Roberta
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Oncologic Imaging
subject: CNS
subject: Genital / Reproductive system male
subject: Lung
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer
subject: Metastases
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: a.To illustrate the role of imaging in the diagnosis of burned-out testicular cancer b.To describe the most common sites of metastases and their radiological...
title: Pyelonephritis and its complications: key imaging findings on CT
Creators: name: Patti, Diana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Infection
subject: Calcifications / Calculi
subject: Abscess
subject: Education
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Complications
subject: CT
subject: Kidney
subject: Emergency
subject: Abdomen
subject: Genitourinary

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To describe CT imaging appearance of acute and chronic pyelonephritis and its complications, with key features for early...
title: Bone and soft tissue infections in patients with diabetic foot
Creators: name: Gullì, Consolato
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Extremities
subject: Musculoskeletal
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Abscess delineation
subject: Biopsy
subject: Surgery
subject: Abscess
subject: Infection
subject: Oedema
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The infected, or potentially infected, diabetic foot is a major cause of morbidity and remains a clinical challenge despite the availability of various clinical, serological, and imaging modalities [1]. Timely diagnosis of clinically suspected...
Chiral dynamics in form factors, spectral-function sum rules, meson-meson scattering and semilocal duality
Creators: name: Guo, Zhi-Hui
name: Oller, J. A.
name: de Elvira, J. Ruiz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we perform the one-loop calculation of the scalar and pseudoscalar form factors in the framework of U(3) chiral perturbation theory with explicit tree level exchanges of resonances. The meson-meson scattering calculation from Ref.[1] is extended as well. The spectral functions of the nonet scalar-scalar (SS) and pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar (PP) correlators are constructed by using the corresponding form factors. After fitting the unknown parameters to the scattering data, we discuss the resonance content of the resulting scattering amplitudes. We also study spectral-function sum rules in the SS-SS, PP-PP and SS-PP sectors as well as semi-local duality from scattering. The former relate the scalar and pseudoscalar spectra between themselves while the latter mainly connects the scalar spectrum with the vector one. Finally we investigate these items as a function of Nc for Nc > 3. All these results pose strong constraints on the scalar dynamics and spectroscopy that are discussed. They are successfully fulfilled by our meson-meson scattering amplitudes and spectral functions.
description: 45 pages, 17 figures and 4 tables. To match the published version in PRD: a new paragraph is added in the Introduction and two new references are included
Picking Up Quantization Steps for Compressed Image Classification
Creators: name: Ma, Li
name: Peng, Peixi
name: Chen, Guangyao
name: Zhao, Yifan
name: Dong, Siwei
name: Tian, Yonghong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The sensitivity of deep neural networks to compressed images hinders their usage in many real applications, which means classification networks may fail just after taking a screenshot and saving it as a compressed file. In this paper, we argue that neglected disposable coding parameters stored in compressed files could be picked up to reduce the sensitivity of deep neural networks to compressed images. Specifically, we resort to using one of the representative parameters, quantization steps, to facilitate image classification. Firstly, based on quantization steps, we propose a novel quantization aware confidence (QAC), which is utilized as sample weights to reduce the influence of quantization on network training. Secondly, we utilize quantization steps to alleviate the variance of feature distributions, where a quantization aware batch normalization (QABN) is proposed to replace batch normalization of classification networks. Extensive experiments show that the proposed method significantly improves the performance of classification networks on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet. The code is released on https://github.com/LiMaPKU/QSAM.git
title: Imaging of pediatric ovarian tumors: a tertiary pediatric Hospital experience
Creators: name: Díaz Villalonga, Ignacio
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Pathology
subject: Education and training
subject: Cancer
subject: Education
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Paediatric
subject: Oncology
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: Paediatric

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To review paediatric ovarian tumours encountered in a paediatric tertiary Hospital in an 8-year period and to describe the imaging appearance of the common and uncommon...
title: Fast die Hälfte aller neuen Altersrenten mit Abschlägen – Quote weiterhin steigend
title: Probleme mit dem Anstieg der Altersgrenzen vor allem bei Arbeitslosen, aber auch bei Erwerbstätigen
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Brussig, Martin
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications Online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2018

description: Auf einen Blick…
• Die Anhebung der abschlagsfreien Altersgrenzen in der Gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung geht für viele mit einem Aufschieben des Rentenzugangs auf ein späteres Lebensalter einher. Dies gelingt am häufigsten jenen Personen, die aus stabiler Beschäftigung (3 Jahre vor Rentenbeginn versicherungspflichtig beschäftigt) direkt in eine Altersrente wechseln.
• Der Anteil von Personen, die eine Altersrente aus stabiler Beschäftigung heraus erreichen, hat zwar in Ostdeutschland seit 2003 deutlich zugenommen. In West-deutschland ist er jedoch im Wesentlichen stabil geblieben. In beiden Landesteilen kommen nur knapp ein Drittel aller Neurentner/innen eines Kalenderjahres direkt aus einer stabilen Beschäftigung in Altersrente und nur 10 Prozent aller Neurent-ner/innen gehen aus stabiler Beschäftigung im Alter von 65 Jahren in Rente.
• Etwa die Hälfte der Personen, die eine Altersrente direkt nach einer stabilen Beschäftigung beziehen, nahm 2007 Abschläge in Kauf. Die Altersgrenzen für den abschlagsfreien Rentenbeginn sind schneller gestiegen als der Erwerbsaustritt aufgeschoben wurde.
• Noch weiter verbreitet sind Abschläge bei Neurentner/innen, die vor dem Rentenbeginn langzeitarbeitslos waren. Drei Viertel der Langzeitarbeitslosen gehen vorzeitig in Rente – und zwar im Durchschnitt dreieinhalb Jahre vorzeitig. Dies schlägt sich in erheblichen Minderungen beim Rentenzahlbetrag nieder.
• Die derzeit bestehenden flexiblen Altersgrenzen im Rentenrecht werden nicht zuletzt von jenen genutzt, die ihrer prekären Arbeitsmarktposition am Ende des Erwerbslebens entfliehen und dafür auch dauerhafte Einbußen in der Rente hinnehmen.
Twinlike Models for Self-Dual Maxwell-Higgs Theories
Creators: name: Bazeia, D.
name: da Hora, E.
name: Menezes, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we present a theoretical framework that allows for the existence of coherent twinlike models in the context of self-dual Maxwell-Higgs theories. We verify the consistence of this framework by using it to develop some twinlike self-dual Maxwell-Higgs models. We use a combination of theoretical and numerical techniques to show that these models exhibit the very same topological BPS structures, including their field configurations and total energy. The study shows that it is possible to develop a completely consistent prescription, which extends the idea of twinlike models to the case of vortices in Maxwell-Higgs theories.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures; version to appear in PRD
Soldiers of a pale god : masculinities and religiosity among members of the Christian Identity and Creativity movements
Creators: name: Hodge, Edwin Glen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: How white supremacists and other race-based extremist groups conceive of themselves is inextricably bound up with conceptions of masculinity – what it means to be a man within the movement. Masculine self-identification informs not only the shape of in-group association between members, but also how those members’ identities are constructed in opposition to the external Other. In the case of religious-based white supremacy movements, considerations of masculine identity are interlocked with religious identification. The primary argument of this paper is that intersections of gender and faith form a complex matrix of interlocking beliefs that provide the bedrock of social and political activity within those white supremacist communities that emphasise religion. This paper examines the beliefs of both Christian Identity and the Creativity Movement, focussing specifically on the configurations of masculinity within these movements. Through qualitative and discourse analysis, the rhetoric and philosophies of the two groups are interrogated and the importance of religious belief to conceptualizing and performing gendered behaviour is examined. The research conducted indicates that in communities with strong religious identities such as the Identity movement, masculinity becomes inextricably linked to religious practice. In organizations with weaker religious frameworks such as the Creativity movement, patterns of ‘acceptable’ masculinity become less rigid in practice and more reliant upon pre-existing social and political ideologies.
Thermodynamics of condensed matter with strong pressure-energy correlations
Creators: name: Ingebrigtsen, Trond S.
name: Bøhling, Lasse
name: Schrøder, Thomas B.
name: Dyre, Jeppe C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that for any liquid or solid with strong correlation between its $NVT$ virial and potential-energy equilibrium fluctuations, the temperature is a product of a function of excess entropy per particle and a function of density, $T=f(s)h(ρ)$. This implies that 1) the system's isomorphs (curves in the phase diagram of invariant structure and dynamics) are described by $h(ρ)/T={\rm Const.}$, 2) the density-scaling exponent is a function of density only, 3) a Gr{ü}neisen-type equation of state applies for the configurational degrees of freedom. For strongly correlating atomic systems one has $h(ρ)=\sum_nC_nρ^{n/3}$ in which the only non-zero terms are those appearing in the pair potential expanded as $v(r)=\sum_n v_n r^{-n}$. Molecular dynamics simulations of Lennard-Jones type systems confirm the theory.
title: ALPPS surigcal technique: Initial experience in our center and keys for a correct radiogical report.
Creators: name: Souto Canteli, Borja
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Retrospective
subject: Cancer
subject: Surgery
subject: CT
subject: Abdomen
subject: Abdominal Viscera
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Describe the ALPPS (Associating Liver Partition and Portal vein ligation for Staged hepatectomy) surgical technique, the central role of the radiologist at the different stages of it, and how to make a good radiological report with the keys the...
International Responses to the Earthquake in Haiti
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: International relations
Natural disasters--International cooperation
Haiti Earthquake (2010)

description: International assistance following a natural disaster of this sort is not new. It may, however, become more common in the next decades. Unusual weather events will likely be one of the first impacts of climate change which will be felt. Although the event in Haiti was an earthquake with no likely connection to climate change, the general pattern of a devastating natural disaster occurring in a country that has already had more than its share of misfortune which will both cause immediate tragedy and perhaps set that country's development back years may become more common. It seems that this could lead to several outcomes, but two are perhaps the most likely. The first is that as time goes by and these events become, tragically, more common, the wealthy countries, and international organizations will become more expert at providing assistance and coordinating their efforts. The second scenario is that disaster fatigue, or something like it, begins to occur among the governments and populations of wealthy countries.
title: Eighth edition of the AJCC TNM staging system for gastric cancer: A proposal for a structured radiology reporting
Creators: name: Lozano Ros, Marina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Cancer
subject: Structured reporting
subject: CT
subject: Stomach (incl. Oesophagus)
subject: Oncology
subject: Abdomen
subject: Oncologic Imaging

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: - To review the news of the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system for gastric cancer. - To propose a structured radiology reporting (SRR) to standardize the interpretation and to ease the communication of...