cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multi-stakeholder processes for managing wastewater use in agriculture
Creators: name: Evans, Alexandra E.V.
name: Raschid-Sally, Liqa
name: Cofie, Olufunke O.
name: Evans, Alexandra E.V.
name: Raschid-Sally, Liqa
name: Cofie, Olufunke O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Wastewater irrigation
subject: Wastewater management
subject: Stakeholders
subject: Participatory management
subject: Social participation
subject: Public health
subject: Urban areas

description: Wastewater use in agriculture is a complex phenomenon since it transcends typical sectoral and geographical policy and planning boundaries, and is influenced by opinions and perceptions. Planning for wastewater use typically requires the involvement of a number of government agencies covering health, water, sanitation, agriculture and irrigation, as well as researchers, community groups and the private sector. Where wastewater use is already taking place spontaneously and unofficially, how can these stakeholders come together to improve the management of the system to maximize the livelihoods benefits while minimizing impacts on health and the environment? One option is the formation of multi-stakeholder platforms, which provide a space for stakeholders to share opinions and seek negotiated solutions in an open and ‘level’ environment. How effective these are, what outcomes can be expected, and how they can be improved are all questions that are still being asked. This chapter presents three case studies in which multi-stakeholder processes were used to improve wastewater management for urban agriculture. Although differences were observed, there were several cross-cutting lessons. A critical factor is the starting point, including an agreed definition of the problem to be addressed, negotiated goals and a management structure that is acceptable to all stakeholders. When multi-stakeholder processes are externally initiated, as with those reviewed here, it is essential that project priorities are commensurate with local priorities. Finding an institutional home and anchor agency an improve long-term sustainability but care must be taken in considering how this impacts on existing power structures. Participation and representation greatly influence the effectiveness of the process and much may need to be done to support this, for example by strengthening local community groups. A factor that appears to significantly improve participation and engagement is having tangible outputs, which demonstrate to stakeholders the potential of multi-stakeholder platforms.
description: In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa (Eds.). Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries. London, UK: Earthscan; Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI).
Practicality of quantum adiabatic algorithm for chemistry applications
Creators: name: Granet, Etienne
name: Ghanem, Khaldoon
name: Dreyer, Henrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite its simplicity and strong theoretical guarantees, adiabatic state preparation has received considerably less interest than variational approaches for the preparation of low-energy electronic structure states. Two major reasons for this are the large number of gates required for Trotterising time-dependent electronic structure Hamiltonians, as well as discretisation errors heating the state. We show that a recently proposed randomized algorithm, which implements exact adiabatic evolution without heating and with far fewer gates than Trotterisation, can overcome this problem. We develop three methods for measuring the energy of the prepared state in an efficient and noise-resilient manner, yielding chemically accurate results on a 4-qubit molecule in the presence of realistic gate noise, without the need for error mitigation. These findings suggest that adiabatic approaches to state preparation could play a key role in quantum chemistry simulations both in the era of noisy as well as error-corrected quantum computers.
description: 17 pages
Search for a light charged Higgs boson in $t \to H^\pm b$ decays, with $H^\pm \to cs$, in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for a light charged Higgs boson produced in decays of the top quark, $t \to H^\pm b$ with $H^\pm \to cs$, is presented. This search targets the production of top-quark pairs $t\bar{t} \to Wb H^\pm b$, with $W \to \ellν$ ($\ell = e, μ$), resulting in a lepton-plus-jets final state characterised by an isolated electron or muon and at least four jets. The search exploits $b$-quark and $c$-quark identification techniques as well as multivariate methods to suppress the dominant $t\bar{t}$ background. The data analysed correspond to 140 $\text{fb}^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC between 2015 and 2018. Observed (expected) 95% confidence-level upper limits on the branching fraction $\mathscr{B}(t\to H^\pm b)$, assuming $\mathscr{B}(t\to Wb) + \mathscr{B}(t \to H^\pm (\to cs)b)=1.0$, are set between 0.066% (0.077%) and 3.6% (2.3%) for a charged Higgs boson with a mass between 60 GeV and 168 GeV.
description: 49 pages in total, author list starting page 32, 6 figures, 4 tables, published in Eur. Phys. J. C 85 (2025) 153. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HDBS-2020-11
Challenging conventional approaches to managing wastewater use in agriculture
Creators: name: Huibers, Frans
name: Redwood, Mark
name: Raschid-Sally, Liqa
name: Huibers, Frans
name: Redwood, Mark
name: Raschid-Sally, Liqa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Wastewater management
subject: Governance
subject: Decentralization
subject: Urban areas
subject: Wastewater irrigation

description: In developing countries urban wastewater management often fails to cope with increasing wastewater generation. Financial, technical and institutional limitations force authorities to discharge substantial amounts of untreated or partially treated wastewater into surface waters. Consequently, uncontrolled use of polluted water is increasingly common in the downstream peri-urban areas. Although wastewater use bears a significant risk on human health, such use is also productive and an asset for many. Agricultural use of wastewater is a strong manifestation of the urban-rural connection and transfers a waterborne risk from the wastewater disposal system to the food chain, requiring a paradigm shift in the approaches applied to risk minimization. Conventional models for urban wastewater treatment and management are based on top-down, mechanically driven approaches that do not, or do not sufficiently, consider the links between the social, economic and health aspects. This situation is understandable from historical and technological points of view, but does not provide innovative solutions to current problems in developing country cities. A different approach is required, one that rethinks conventional wastewater system design and management. By adopting a systems approach to analysing both the water and food chains, one discovers the interactions of different stakeholders that treat and use (or abuse) water, the impacts on overall productivity and the risks. Governance systems to manage wastewater use in agriculture must incorporate decentralization to accommodate thinking at the bottom layer, encourage stakeholder engagement and provide coordination and policy cohesion for managing risks jointly from both the water and food chains.
description: In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa (Eds.). Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries. London, UK: Earthscan; Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI).
Circobotys sinisalis
Creators: name: Gao, Qiang
name: Wang, Shuxia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Crambidae
Circobotys
Circobotys sinisalis

description: Circobotys sinisalis (Walker, 1859)
 Botys sinisalis Walker, 1859: 635.
 Circobotys sinisalis: Maes, 2014: 140.
Distribution. Congo.
description: Published as part of Gao, Qiang & Wang, Shuxia, 2018, Seven new species of the genus Circobotys Butler from China (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), with a checklist of the world, pp. 196-210 in Zoological Systematics 43 (2) on page 209, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201818, http://zenodo.org/record/5366416
Rest-frame UV and optical emission line diagnostics of ionised gas properties: a test case in a star-forming knot of a lensed galaxy at z~1.7
Creators: name: Acharyya, Ayan
name: Kewley, Lisa J.
name: Rigby, Jane R.
name: Bayliss, Matthew
name: Bian, Fuyan
name: Nicholls, David
name: Federrath, Christoph
name: Kaasinen, Melanie
name: Florian, Michael
name: Blanc, Guillermo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the diagnostic power of rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) nebular emission lines, and compare them to more commonly used rest-frame optical emission lines, using the test case of a single star-forming knot of the bright lensed galaxy RCSGA 032727-132609 at redshift z~1.7. This galaxy has complete coverage of all the major rest-frame UV and optical emission lines from Magellan/MagE and Keck/NIRSPEC. Using the full suite of diagnostic lines, we infer the physical properties: nebular electron temperature (T_e), electron density (n_e), oxygen abundance (log(O/H)), ionisation parameter (log(q)) and interstellar medium (ISM) pressure (log(P/k)). We examine the effectiveness of the different UV, optical and joint UV-optical spectra in constraining the physical conditions. Using UV lines alone we can reliably estimate log(q), but the same is difficult for log(O/H). UV lines yield a higher (~1.5 dex) log(P/k) than the optical lines, as the former probes a further inner nebular region than the latter. For this comparison, we extend the existing Bayesian inference code IZI, adding to it the capability to infer ISM pressure simultaneously with metallicity and ionisation parameter. This work anticipates future rest-frame UV spectral datasets from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) at high redshift and from the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) at moderate redshift.
description: 29 pages, 13 figures, 6 tables, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Full Transport Model of GW170817-Like Disk Produces a Blue Kilonova
Creators: name: Miller, Jonah M.
name: Ryan, Benjamin R.
name: Dolence, Joshua C.
name: Burrows, Adam
name: Fontes, Christopher J.
name: Fryer, Christopher L.
name: Korobkin, Oleg
name: Lippuner, Jonas
name: Mumpower, Matthew R.
name: Wollaeger, Ryan T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 2017 detection of the inspiral and merger of two neutron stars in gravitational waves and gamma rays was accompanied by a quickly-reddening transient. Such a transient was predicted to occur following a rapid neutron capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis event, which synthesizes neutron-rich, radioactive nuclei and can take place in both dynamical ejecta and in the wind driven off the accretion torus formed after a neutron star merger. We present the first three-dimensional general relativistic, full transport neutrino radiation magnetohydrodynamics (GRRMHD) simulations of the black hole-accretion disk-wind system produced by the GW170817 merger. We show that the small but non-negligible optical depths lead to neutrino transport globally coupling the disk electron fraction, which we capture by solving the transport equation with a Monte Carlo method. The resulting absorption drives up the electron fraction in a structured, continuous outflow, with electron fraction as high as $Y_e\sim 0.4$ in the extreme polar region. We show via nuclear reaction network and radiative transfer calculations that nucleosynthesis in the disk wind will produce a blue kilonova.
Complete High Temperature Expansions for One-Loop Finite Temperature Effects
Creators: name: Meisinger, Peter N.
name: Ogilvie, Michael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop exact, simple closed form expressions for partition functions associated with relativistic bosons and fermions in odd spatial dimensions. These expressions, valid at high temperature, include the effects of a non-trivial Polyakov loop and generalize well-known high temperature expansions. The key technical point is the proof of a set of Bessel function identities which resum low temperature expansions into high temperature expansions. The complete expressions for these partition functions can be used to obtain one-loop finite temperature contributions to effective potentials, and thus free energies and pressures.
description: 9 pages, RevTeX, no figures. To be published in Phys. Rev D. v2 has revised introduction and conclusions, plus a few typographical errors are corrected; v3 corrects one typo
Superconductivity in Graphene Induced by the Rotated Layer
Creators: name: Schmeltzer, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent discoveries in graphene bilayers revealed that when one of the layers is rotated, superconductivity emerges. We provide an explanation for this phenomenon . We find that due to the layer rotations, the spinors are modified in such way that a repulsive interaction, becomes attractive in certain directions. This result is obtained following a sequence of steps: when layer $2$ is rotated by an angle $θ$ ,this rotation is equivalent to a rotation of an angle $-θ$ of the linear momentum .Due to the discreet lattice, in layer $1$, the Fourier transform conserves the linear momentum $modulo$ the hexagonal reciprocal lattice vector . In layer $2$, due to the rotation, the linear momentum is conserved $modulo$ the $Moire$ reciprocal lattice vector . Periodicity is achieved at the $magical $ angles obtained from the condition of commensuration of the two lattices. We find that the rotations transform the spinors around the nodal points, such that a repulsive interaction becomes attractive, giving rise to superconductivity.
The quantum Monte Carlo method : application to problems in statistical physics
Creators: name: Coker, David Frederick
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Statistical physics
subject: Monte Carlo method

description: The diffusion Monte Carlo method for performing quantum calculations on many body systems is extended and applied to a number of areas of chemical physics. An ab initio quantum Monte Carlo procedure for simulating wave functions with nodal surfaces is presented. Some few Fermion problems are treated using this technique. A method for using the ground state wave function obtained from a diffusion Monte Carlo calculation to determine the vibrational spectrum of a molecular cluster is presented. Very accurate vibrational spectra can be obtained with this approach. Results of quantum Monte Carlo calculations on the water dimer and trimer using an improved intramolecular potential and the intermolecular potential of Reimers, Watts and Klein (1981) have been used to assign cluster spectra obtained from molecular beam experiments. It is demonstrated that the vibrational predissociation spectrum of a molecular cluster is sensitive to the details of the intermolecular potential and different surfaces may be tested by comparing calculated spectra with experimental results. The diffusion Monte Carlo method is applied to calculate the thermodynamic and structural properties of liquid ^He and solid molecular hydrogen. Importance sampling must be used if efficient bulk phase calculations are to be performed. When the spherical part of the interaction potential due to Buck et al. (1983) is used in diffusion Monte Carlo calculations on solid H₂ good agreement with experiment is found. Anisotropy may be important for this system at higher densities. Methods for using the diffusion Monte Carlo method to study the behaviour of systems at non-zero temperatures are developed. Improved high temperature approximations must be employed as initial conditions when systems with mixed "classical" and "quantum" degrees of freedom' are considered . The properties of neon gas and the water dimer are studied with this method.
Circobotys sinuata Wang 2018, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Gao, Qiang
name: Wang, Shuxia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Crambidae
Circobotys
Circobotys sinuata

description: Circobotys sinuata Wang, sp. nov.
Distribution. China (Hainan).
description: Published as part of Gao, Qiang & Wang, Shuxia, 2018, Seven new species of the genus Circobotys Butler from China (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), with a checklist of the world, pp. 196-210 in Zoological Systematics 43 (2) on page 209, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201818, http://zenodo.org/record/5366416
Facilitating the adoption of food-safety interventions in the street-food sector and on farms
Creators: name: Karg, Hanna
name: Drechsel, Pay
name: Amoah, Philip
name: Jeitler, Regina
name: Karg, Hanna
name: Drechsel, Pay
name: Amoah, Philip
name: Jeitler, Regina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Food safety
subject: Restaurants
subject: Public health
subject: Social behaviour
subject: Wastewater irrigation
subject: Vegetables
subject: Guidelines

description: This chapter discusses the implementation challenges of the WHO Guidelines on safe wastewater use pertaining to the adoption of the so-called ‘post-treatment’ or ‘non-treatment’ options, like safer irrigation practices or appropriate vegetablewashing in kitchens. Due to limited risk awareness and immediate benefits of wastewater irrigation, it is unlikely that a broad adoption of recommended practices will automatically follow revised policies or any educational campaign and training. Most of the recommended practices do not only require behaviourchange but might also increase operational costs. In such a situation, significant efforts are required to explore how conventional and/or social marketing can support the desired behaviour-change towards the adoption of safety practices. This will require new strategic partnerships and a new section in the WHO Guidelines. This chapter outlines the necessary steps and considerations for increasing the adoption probability, and suggests a framework which is based on a combination of social marketing, incentive systems, awareness creation/education and application of regulations. An important conclusion is that these steps require serious accompanying research of the target group, strongly involving social sciences, which should not be underestimated in related projects.
description: In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa (Eds.). Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries. London, UK: Earthscan; Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI).
Don't Call After Midnight
Creators: name: Sun, Christina
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2023

The stories in this manuscript deal with complicated relationships, misunderstandings, overstepped boundaries, and the sacrifices we make for our loved ones. I’m attracted to characters who are reaching for something just out of grasp, and I love exploring what caused that gap, the consequences from that gap, and how they might bridge that gap. My work is informed by my experience as an east Asian American, second-generation immigrant, and growing up lower-middle class. That's partially why so many of my characters are conflicted with their identity, why they’re so easily influenced by other people, and why they struggle to understand, to be understood, to love, and to be loved. While none of these stories are autobiographical, I believe good writing comes from empathy. Everyone knows what it feels like to be hurt, to be messy, to love and lose someone or something. At least one of these things are at the core of each story, and I hope by tapping into these emotions, I can make my readers feel something.
Additional file 1 of Validation and standardization of DNA extraction and library construction methods for metagenomics-based human fecal microbiome measurements
Creators: name: Tourlousse, Dieter M.
name: Narita, Koji
name: Miura, Takamasa
name: Sakamoto, Mitsuo
name: Ohashi, Akiko
name: Shiina, Keita
name: Matsuda, Masami
name: Miura, Daisuke
name: Shimamura, Mamiko
name: Ohyama, Yoshifumi
name: Yamazoe, Atsushi
name: Uchino, Yoshihito
name: Kameyama, Keishi
name: Arioka, Shingo
name: Kataoka, Jiro
name: Hisada, Takayoshi
name: Fujii, Kazuyuki
name: Takahashi, Shunsuke
name: Kuroiwa, Miho
name: Rokushima, Masatomo
name: Mitsue Nishiyama
name: Tanaka, Yoshiki
name: Fuchikami, Takuya
name: Aoki, Hitomi
name: Kira, Satoshi
name: Koyanagi, Ryo
name: Naito, Takeshi
name: Morie Nishiwaki
name: Kumagai, Hirotaka
name: Konda, Mikiko
name: Kasahara, Ken
name: Moriya Ohkuma
name: Kawasaki, Hiroko
name: Sekiguchi, Yuji
name: Terauchi, Jun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
Macrobrachium mirabile
Creators: name: Cai, Y.
name: Naiyanetr, P.
name: Ng, P. K. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Palaemonidae
Macrobrachium
Macrobrachium mirabile

description: Macrobrachium mirabile (Kemp, 1917)
 Palaemon mirabilis Kemp, 1917: 227, pl. 10 [type locality: Rangoon (Yangon), Burma (Myanmar)].
 Macrobrachium mirabilis: Suvatti, 1937: 49; 1967: 139.
 Macrobrachium mirabile: Holthuis, 1950: 174; 1980: 100; Chace and Bruce, 1993: 34; Ng, 1995: 75, figure 3; Cai and Ng, in press.
 Material examined
 South Thailand. Sixteen XX, cl 8.3–10.7 mm (ZRC 2000.1805), 13 ovigerous XX, cl 8.8–10.2 mm; eggs 0.65–0.75× 0.45–0.55 mm, Tab Lee, Ranong, 2 July 1991.
 Remarks
 Macrobrachium mirabile was originally described by Kemp (1917) on the basis of specimens from Myanmar (Yangon and Moulmein) and the Gangetic Delta, India. The species is also known from Borneo (Holthuis, 1950; Ng, 1995). Suvatti (1937) recorded this species from Chao Phraya river, Pakret and Paknam, central Thailand. Naiyanetr (1998) listed one more locality, Chachoengsao, in eastern Thailand. The present record is from Ranong, south Thailand. As already stated by Kemp (1917: 230) and Chace and Bruce (1993: 34), this species should perhaps be better placed in its own genus. This matter is now being examined by A. J. Bruce and D. Wowor (personal communication). No male specimens are known from Thailand. A rediagnosis was recently given by Cai and Ng (in press) on the basis of this material.
The species is distributed in Gangetic Delta (Kemp, 1917), Myanmar (Kemp, 1917), Thailand (Suvatti, 1937) and Borneo (Holthuis, 1950; Ng, 1995).
description: Published as part of Cai, Y., Naiyanetr, P. & Ng, P. K. L., 2004, The freshwater prawns of the genus Macrobrachium Bate, 1868, of Thailand (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae), pp. 581-649 in Journal of Natural History 38 (5) on pages 591-592, DOI: 10.1080/0022293021000033238, http://zenodo.org/record/5258702
Circobotys unicolor Wang 2018, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Gao, Qiang
name: Wang, Shuxia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Crambidae
Circobotys
Circobotys unicolor

description: Circobotys unicolor Wang, sp. nov.
Distribution. China (Sichuan).
 Funding This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31672372).
description: Published as part of Gao, Qiang & Wang, Shuxia, 2018, Seven new species of the genus Circobotys Butler from China (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), with a checklist of the world, pp. 196-210 in Zoological Systematics 43 (2) on page 209, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201818, http://zenodo.org/record/5366416
Phase behavior and crystal nucleation of hard triangular prisms
Creators: name: de Jager, Marjolein
name: Slaats, Nena
name: Filion, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay between densification and positional ordering during the process of crystal nucleation is a greatly investigated topic. Even for the simplest colloidal model -- hard spheres -- there has been much debate regarding the potential foreshadowing of nucleation by significant fluctuations in either local density or local structure. Considering anisotropic particles instead of spheres adds a third degree of freedom to the self-organization process of crystal nucleation: orientational ordering. Here, we investigate the crystal nucleation of hard triangular prisms. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we first carefully determine the crystal-fluid coexistence values and calculate the nucleation barriers for two degrees of supersaturation. Next, we use brute force simulations to obtain a large set of spontaneous nucleation events. By studying the time evolution of the local density, positional ordering, and orientational ordering in the region in which the nucleus first arises, we demonstrate that all local order parameters increase simultaneously from the very start of the nucleation process. We thus conclude that we observe no precursor for the crystal nucleation of hard triangular prisms.
Economic development and regional integration of the ASEAN member countries
Creators: name: Lin, Shujuan
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: ASEAN
subject: Southeast Asia Economic integration

description: The ASEAN member countries are among the fastest growing developing countries in the world. Their high rate of growth during the past two decades and their collective efforts in world affairs have received growing international notice. The objective of this study is to examinate the extent to which economic growth resulted from regional integration among the ASEAN member countries. The study of the characteristics of the ASEAN economies, their growth performance and their experience of economic cooperation, suggests that their economic achievements mainly resulted from the effectiveness of each country's own policies. Outward orientation toward world markets was key, but it was supported by relatively efficient macroeconomic and sectoral policies. The region had relatively high intra-regional trade before the formation of ASEAN, and such trade has persisted. However, apart from Singapore's entrepot trade, it principally consists of complementary trade in primary products which have never become heavily protected. Intra-ASEAN trade In manufactures has not increased appreciably, because ASEAN has not reduced protection substantially either among the member countries alone, or among the member countries and against the rest of the world. Econometric experiments confirmed that little would be gained by a preferential arrangement, and suggested that complete intra-ASEAN trade liberalization would also not lead to a marked increase in the ratio of intra-ASEAN to total ASEAN trade. Much of such an increase would, moreover, consist of trade diversion rather than trade creation. A reduction of trade barriers within ASEAN simultaneously with world wide trade liberalization would in contrast, lead to appreciable output and trade growth for the ASEAN member countries.
Sharif-MGTD at SemEval-2024 Task 8: A Transformer-Based Approach to Detect Machine Generated Text
Creators: name: Ebrahimi, Seyedeh Fatemeh
name: Azari, Karim Akhavan
name: Iravani, Amirmasoud
name: Qazvini, Arian
name: Sadeghi, Pouya
name: Taghavi, Zeinab Sadat
name: Sameti, Hossein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Detecting Machine-Generated Text (MGT) has emerged as a significant area of study within Natural Language Processing. While language models generate text, they often leave discernible traces, which can be scrutinized using either traditional feature-based methods or more advanced neural language models. In this research, we explore the effectiveness of fine-tuning a RoBERTa-base transformer, a powerful neural architecture, to address MGT detection as a binary classification task. Focusing specifically on Subtask A (Monolingual-English) within the SemEval-2024 competition framework, our proposed system achieves an accuracy of 78.9% on the test dataset, positioning us at 57th among participants. Our study addresses this challenge while considering the limited hardware resources, resulting in a system that excels at identifying human-written texts but encounters challenges in accurately discerning MGTs.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2024)
Additional file of Validation and standardization of DNA extraction and library construction methods for metagenomics-based human fecal microbiome measurements
Creators: name: Tourlousse, Dieter M.
name: Narita, Koji
name: Miura, Takamasa
name: Sakamoto, Mitsuo
name: Ohashi, Akiko
name: Shiina, Keita
name: Matsuda, Masami
name: Miura, Daisuke
name: Shimamura, Mamiko
name: Ohyama, Yoshifumi
name: Yamazoe, Atsushi
name: Uchino, Yoshihito
name: Kameyama, Keishi
name: Arioka, Shingo
name: Kataoka, Jiro
name: Hisada, Takayoshi
name: Fujii, Kazuyuki
name: Takahashi, Shunsuke
name: Kuroiwa, Miho
name: Rokushima, Masatomo
name: Mitsue Nishiyama
name: Tanaka, Yoshiki
name: Fuchikami, Takuya
name: Aoki, Hitomi
name: Kira, Satoshi
name: Koyanagi, Ryo
name: Naito, Takeshi
name: Morie Nishiwaki
name: Kumagai, Hirotaka
name: Konda, Mikiko
name: Kasahara, Ken
name: Moriya Ohkuma
name: Kawasaki, Hiroko
name: Sekiguchi, Yuji
name: Terauchi, Jun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file of Validation and standardization of DNA extraction and library construction methods for metagenomics-based human fecal microbiome measurements
Search for scalar quarks in e+e- collisions at sqrt(s) up to 209GeV
Creators: name: ALEPH Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Search for Scalar Quarks in e+e- Collisions at sqrt(s) up to 209 GeV Searches for scalar top, scalar bottom and mass-degenerate scalar quarks are performed in the data collected by the ALEPH detector at LEP, at centre-of-mass energies up to 209 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 675 pb-1. No evidence for the production of such particles is found in the decay channels stop->c/u chi, stop->b l snu, sbottom-> b chi, squark-> q chi or in the stop four-body decay channel stop-> b chi f f' studied for the first time at LEP. The results of these searches yield improved mass lower limits. In particular, an absolute lower limit of 63GeV/c2 is obtained for the stop mass, at 95% confidence level, irrespective of stop lifetime and decay branching ratios.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
Low-cost options for pathogen reduction and nutrient recovery from faecal sludge
Creators: name: Kone, Doulaye
name: Cofie, Olufunke O.
name: Nelson, Kara
name: Kone, Doulaye
name: Cofie, Olufunke O.
name: Nelson, Kara
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Biofertilizers
subject: Excreta
subject: Recycling
subject: Composting
subject: Pathogens
subject: Control methods
subject: Nutrients
subject: Sanitation

description: Recently, the application of excreta-based fertilizers has attracted attention due to the strongly increasing prices of chemically produced fertilizers. Faecal sludge from on-site sanitation systems is rich in nutrients and organic matter, constituents which contribute to replenishing the humus layer and soil nutrient reservoir and to improving soil structure and water-holding capacity. Hence, it represents an important resource for enhancing soil productivity on a sustainable basis. However, there is little in the scientific literature about the performance of treatment technology allowing recovery of nutrient resources from human waste. This paper reviews the state of knowledge of different processes that have been applied worldwide. Their pathogen removal efficiency as well as nutrient and biosolids recovery performances are assessed. The chapter outlines the gaps in research for further development.
description: In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa (Eds.). Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries. London, UK: Earthscan; Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI).
What's Wrong? Refining Meeting Summaries with LLM Feedback
Creators: name: Kirstein, Frederic
name: Ruas, Terry
name: Gipp, Bela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Meeting summarization has become a critical task since digital encounters have become a common practice. Large language models (LLMs) show great potential in summarization, offering enhanced coherence and context understanding compared to traditional methods. However, they still struggle to maintain relevance and avoid hallucination. We introduce a multi-LLM correction approach for meeting summarization using a two-phase process that mimics the human review process: mistake identification and summary refinement. We release QMSum Mistake, a dataset of 200 automatically generated meeting summaries annotated by humans on nine error types, including structural, omission, and irrelevance errors. Our experiments show that these errors can be identified with high accuracy by an LLM. We transform identified mistakes into actionable feedback to improve the quality of a given summary measured by relevance, informativeness, conciseness, and coherence. This post-hoc refinement effectively improves summary quality by leveraging multiple LLMs to validate output quality. Our multi-LLM approach for meeting summarization shows potential for similar complex text generation tasks requiring robustness, action planning, and discussion towards a goal.
Sharif-STR at SemEval-2024 Task 1: Transformer as a Regression Model for Fine-Grained Scoring of Textual Semantic Relations
Creators: name: Ebrahimi, Seyedeh Fatemeh
name: Azari, Karim Akhavan
name: Iravani, Amirmasoud
name: Alizadeh, Hadi
name: Taghavi, Zeinab Sadat
name: Sameti, Hossein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Semantic Textual Relatedness holds significant relevance in Natural Language Processing, finding applications across various domains. Traditionally, approaches to STR have relied on knowledge-based and statistical methods. However, with the emergence of Large Language Models, there has been a paradigm shift, ushering in new methodologies. In this paper, we delve into the investigation of sentence-level STR within Track A (Supervised) by leveraging fine-tuning techniques on the RoBERTa transformer. Our study focuses on assessing the efficacy of this approach across different languages. Notably, our findings indicate promising advancements in STR performance, particularly in Latin languages. Specifically, our results demonstrate notable improvements in English, achieving a correlation of 0.82 and securing a commendable 19th rank. Similarly, in Spanish, we achieved a correlation of 0.67, securing the 15th position. However, our approach encounters challenges in languages like Arabic, where we observed a correlation of only 0.38, resulting in a 20th rank.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables
Nuclear Anapole Moments and the Parity-nonconserving Nuclear Interaction
Creators: name: Liu, C. -P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anapole moment is a parity-odd and time-reversal-even electromagnetic moment. Although it was conjectured shortly after the discovery of parity nonconservation, its existence has not been confirmed until recently in heavy nuclear systems, which are known to be the suitable laboratories because of the many-body enhancement. By carefully identifying the nuclear-spin-dependent atomic parity nonconserving effect, the first clear evidence was found in cesium. In this talk, I will discuss how nuclear anapole moments are used to constrain the parity-nonconserving nuclear force, a still less well-known channel among weak interactions.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, uses aipproc.cls. Proceedings of the 15th International Spin Physics Symposium
Demonstration of the Complementarity of One- and Two-Photon Interference
Creators: name: Abouraddy, A. F.
name: Nasr, M. B.
name: Saleh, B. E. A.
name: Sergienko, A. V.
name: Teich, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The visibilities of second-order (single-photon) and fourth-order (two-photon) interference have been observed in a Young's double-slit experiment using light generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion and a photon-counting intensified CCD camera. Coherence and entanglement underlie one-and two-photon interference, respectively. As the effective source size is increased, coherence is diminished while entanglement is enhanced, so that the visibility of single-photon interference decreases while that of two-photon interference increases. This is the first experimental demonstration of the complementarity between single- and two-photon interference (coherence and entanglement) in the spatial domain.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures
Elastic Weyl points and surface arc states in 3D structures
Creators: name: Shi, Xiaotian
name: Chaunsali, Rajesh
name: Li, Feng
name: Yang, Jinkyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of Weyl points in electronic systems has inspired many recent researches in classical systems such as photonic and acoustic lattices. Here we show how the Weyl physics can also inspire the design of novel elastic structures. We construct a single-phase 3D structure, an analogue of the AA-stacked honeycomb lattice, and predict the existence of Weyl points with opposite topological charges (${\pm 1}$), elastic Fermi arcs, and the associated gapless topologically protected surface states. We employ full-scale numerical simulations on the elastic 3D structure, and present a clear visualization of topological surface states that are directional and robust. Such designed lattices can pave the way for novel vibration control and energy harvesting on structures that are ubiquitous in many engineering applications.
Axions in Andromeda: Searching for Minicluster -- Neutron Star Encounters with the Green Bank Telescope
Creators: name: Walters, Liam
name: Shroyer, Jordan
name: Edenton, Madeleine
name: Agrawal, Prakamya
name: Johnson, Bradley
name: Kavanagh, Bradley J.
name: Marsh, David J. E.
name: Visinelli, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The QCD axion and axion-like particles are compelling candidates for galactic dark matter. Theoretically, axions can convert into photons in the presence of a strong external magnetic field, which means it is possible to search for them experimentally. One approach is to use radio telescopes with high-resolution spectrometers to look for axion-photon conversion in the magnetospheres of neutron stars. In this paper, we describe the results obtained using a novel approach where we used the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) to search for radio transients produced by collisions between neutron stars and dark matter clumps known as axion miniclusters. We used the VErsatile GBT Astronomical Spectrometer (VEGAS) and the X-band receiver (8 to 10 GHz) to observe the core of Andromeda. Our measurements are sensitive to axions with masses between 33 and 42 $μ$eV with $Δ$$m_a$ = 3.8$\times10^{-4}$ $μ$eV. This paper gives a description of the search method we developed, including observation and analysis strategies. Given our analysis algorithm choices and the instrument sensitivity ($\sim$2 mJy in each spectral channel), we did not find any candidate signals greater than 5$σ$. We are currently implementing this search method in other spectral bands.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, accepted to PRD
Valley polarization of Landau levels driven by residual strain in the ZrSiS surface band
Creators: name: Butler, Christopher J.
name: Murase, Masayuki
name: Sawada, Shunki
name: Jiang, Ming-Chun
name: Hashizume, Daisuke
name: Guo, Guang-Yu
name: Arita, Ryotaro
name: Hanaguri, Tetsuo
name: Sasagawa, Takao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a multi-valley electronic band structure, lifting of the valley degeneracy is associated with rotational symmetry breaking in the electronic fluid, and may emerge through spontaneous symmetry breaking order, or through a large response to a small external perturbation such as strain. In this work we use scanning tunneling microscopy to investigate an unexpected rotational symmetry breaking in Landau levels formed in the unusual floating surface band of ZrSiS. We visualize a ubiquitous splitting of Landau levels into valley-polarized sub-levels. We demonstrate methods to measure valley-selective Landau level spectroscopy, to infer unknown Landau level indices, and to precisely measure each valley's Berry phase in a way that is agnostic to the band structure and topology of the system. These techniques allow us to obtain each valley's dispersion curve and infer a rigid valley-dependent contribution to the band energies. Ruling out spontaneous symmetry breaking by establishing the sample-dependence of this valley splitting, we explain the effect in terms of residual strain. A quantitative estimate indicates that uniaxial strain can be measured to a precision of $ \lt 0.025 \% $. The extreme valley-polarization of the Landau levels results from as little as $ \sim 0.1 \% $ strain, and this suggests avenues for manipulation using deliberate strain engineering.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures (plus 19 pages, 12 figures)
Can foodservices in aged care homes deliver sustainable food fortification strategies? A review
Creators: name: Cave, Danielle P.
name: Abbey, Karen L.
name: Capra, Sandra M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Food fortification is used as a nutrition support strategy in aged care homes, for residents who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. The aim of this review was to determine the scope and strength of published works exploring relationships between food fortification strategies, mode of delivery and sustainability in aged care homes. Literature from four databases and grey literature was searched. A total of 3152 articles were screened. Seventeen studies were included. Results showed that the majority of studies used pre-made food fortification, rather than fortifying foods on-site. There was heterogeneity across studies, including the mode of delivery and ingredients used for food fortification. Only two studies measured any aspect of costs. No clear sustainable strategies for implementing food fortification in this setting could be identified. Research is required to provide further insight into the acceptability and sustainability of food fortification interventions. Read the transcript Watch the video on Vimeo