cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MOESM1 of Nest defense in the face of cuckoldry: evolutionary rather than facultative adaptation to chronic paternity loss
Creators: name: Zimmermann, Holger
name: Fritzsche, Karoline
name: Henshaw, Jonathan
name: Katongo, Cyprian
name: Banda, Taylor
name: Makasa, Lawrence
name: Sefc, Kristina
name: Bose, Aneesh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Effects of paternity on male share of defense, when pooling across intruder types. Maternal brood size and the size difference between females and males were included as additional factors that may affect male share of defense and/or male paternity share (see main text). The significant intercept term indicates non-egalitarian defense behaviors between males and females (note that parameter estimates are on the scale of the logit-link function).
Carpatolechia fugitivella
Creators: name: Junnilainen, Jari
name: Karsholt, Ole
name: Nupponen, Kari
name: Kaitila, Jari-Pekka
name: Nupponen, Timo
name: Olschwang, Vladimir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Gelechiidae
Carpatolechia
Carpatolechia fugitivella

description: Carpatolechia fugitivella (Zeller, 1839)
Berlin 30. VI –02.VII.1997; Bishtiryak 13.VII.1998; Iremel 24–27.VI.1996; Kuvandyk 20.VII.1998; Miass 26–29.VI.1997; Moskovo 10.VII.1997, 11–13.VII.1998; Verbljushka 15.VII.1998. Common.
 Distribution. Widely distributed through Europe. Outside Europe from Turkey, the Caucasus, Mongolia, S Siberia and the Russian Far East. Reported also from Korea (Park 1992).
description: Published as part of Junnilainen, Jari, Karsholt, Ole, Nupponen, Kari, Kaitila, Jari-Pekka, Nupponen, Timo & Olschwang, Vladimir, 2010, The gelechiid fauna of the southern Ural Mountains, part II: list of recorded species with taxonomic notes (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) 2367, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 2367 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2367.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10093655
Norovirus Translation and Replication
Creators: name: Lu, Jia
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: norovirus
virus replication
viral capsid
eIF4E phosphorylation
human norovirus culture
translational control
innate immunity
virus-host cell interaction

description: Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Despite the significant disease and economic burden, currently there are no licensed vaccines or antivirals. The understanding of norovirus biology has been hampered by the inability to cultivate HuNoV in cell culture. To establish a tissue culture system, infectious HuNoVs were purified from clinical stool samples. HuNoV replication was tested in different cell types. The B-cell and intestinal organoids culture systems were validated. In addition, using organoids culture a DNA-based reverse genetic system was shown to recover infectious HuNoV. Due to the challenges associated with cultivating HuNoV, murine norovirus (MNV) was used as a surrogate system to understand the role of eIF4E phosphorylation in norovirus pathogenesis, and VP1-RdRp interaction in regulating viral genome replication. MNV infection results in the phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF4E, re-programming host-cell translation during infection. Inhibiting eIF4E phosphorylation reduces MNV replication in cell culture suggesting a role in viral replication. A mouse model with eIF4E S209A, a phosphor-ablative mutation, was established to understand the role of eIF4E phosphorylation in MNV pathogenesis. In vitro and in vivo characterisations demonstrated that eIF4E phosphorylation may have multiple roles in norovirus-host interactions, but overall has little impact on MNV pathogenesis. The shell domain (SD) of norovirus major capsid protein VP1 interacts with viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) in a genogroup-specific manner to enhance de novo initiation of RdRp, and to promote negative-strand RNA synthesis. To understand how VP1 regulates norovirus genome replication, chimeric MNVs with genogroup-specific residues mutagenised were characterised in vitro and in vivo. A single amino acid mutation was shown to destabilise viral capsid. SDs with reduced VP1-RdRp interaction showed less capacity to stimulate RdRp, resulting in delayed virus replication. In vivo, the replication of an MNV-3 with homologous mutations was abolished, highlighting the crucial role of this interaction.
description: BBSRC, Wolfson College
A White Dwarf with Transiting Circumstellar Material Far Outside the Roche Limit
Creators: name: Vanderbosch, Z.
name: Hermes, J. J.
name: Dennihy, E.
name: Dunlap, B. H.
name: Izquierdo, P.
name: Tremblay, P. E.
name: Cho, P. B.
name: Gaensicke, B. T.
name: Toloza, O.
name: Bell, K. J.
name: Montgomery, M. H.
name: Winget, D. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a white dwarf exhibiting deep, irregularly shaped transits, indicative of circumstellar planetary debris. Using Zwicky Transient Facility DR2 photometry of ZTF$\,$J013906.17+524536.89 and follow-up observations from the Las Cumbres Observatory, we identify multiple transit events that recur every ${\approx}\,107.2\,$d, much longer than the $4.5{-}4.9\,$h orbital periods observed in WD$\,$1145+017, the only other white dwarf known with transiting planetary debris. The transits vary in both depth and duration, lasting $15{-}25\,$d and reaching $20{-}45\,\%$ dips in flux. Optical spectra reveal strong Balmer lines, identifying the white dwarf as a DA with $T_{\mathrm{eff}}=10{,}530\pm140\,\mathrm{K}$ and $\log(g)=7.86\pm0.06$. A $\mathrm{Ca\,II\,K}$ absorption feature is present in all spectra both in and out of transit. Spectra obtained during one night at roughly $15\,\%$ transit depth show increased $\mathrm{Ca\,II\,K}$ absorption with a model atmospheric fit suggesting $[\mathrm{Ca/H}]=-4.6\pm0.3$, whereas spectra taken on three nights out of transit have $[\mathrm{Ca/H}]$ of -5.5, -5.3, and -4.9 with similar uncertainties. While the $\mathrm{Ca\,II\,K}$ line strength varies by only 2-sigma, we consider a predominantly interstellar origin for Ca absorption unlikely. We suggest a larger column density of circumstellar metallic gas along the line of site or increased accretion of material onto the white dwarf's surface are responsible for the Ca absorption, but further spectroscopic studies are required. In addition, high-speed time series photometry out of transit reveals variability with periods of 900 and 1030$\,$s, consistent with ZZ Ceti pulsations.
description: Submitted to ApJ, Accepted May 26, 2020. 5 Figures, 1 Table
HST/STIS spectroscopy of the exposed white dwarf in the short-period dwarf nova EK TrA
Creators: name: Gaensicke, B. T.
name: Szkody, P.
name: Sion, E. M.
name: Hoard, D. W.
name: Howell, S.
name: Cheng, F. H.
name: Hubeny, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high resolution Hubble Space Telescope ultraviolet spectroscopy of the dwarf nova EK TrA obtained in deep quiescence. The Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph data reveal the broad Ly-alpha absorption profile typical of a moderately cool white dwarf, overlayed by numerous broad emission lines of He, C, N, and Si and by a number of narrow absorption lines, mainly of CI and SiII. Assuming a white dwarf mass in the range 0.3-1.4Msun we derive Teff=17500-23400K for the primary in EK TrA; Teff=18800K for a canonical mass of 0.6Msun. From the narrow photospheric absorption lines, we measure the white dwarf rotational velocity, v*sin i=200+-100kms. Even though the strong contamination of the photospheric white dwarf absorption spectrum by the emission lines prevents a detailed quantitative analysis of the chemical abundances of the atmosphere, the available data suggest slightly sub-solar abundances. The high time resolution of the STIS data allows us to associate the observed ultraviolet flickering with the emission lines, possibly originating in a hot optically thin corona above the cold accretion disk.
description: 6 pages A&A-Latex, 5 Figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Analysis of Rice Production Instability in Southeast Asian Countries
Creators: name: Sawaneh, Mamma
name: Latif, Ismail Abd
name: Abdullah, Amin Mahir
name: Sawaneh, Mamma
name: Latif, Ismail Abd
name: Abdullah, Amin Mahir
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Instability
subject: rice
subject: production
subject: yield
subject: Southeast Asia

description: This study measures the extent of rice production instability and the sources of instability in selected rice producing countries of Southeast Asia. A time series data on rice harvested area, yield and production of five Southeast Asian countries was used to analyze the components of production changes (area, yield and interaction effects) from 1980 to 2010. The production data is categorized into two periods: (i) 1980/81 to 1994/95 and (ii) 1995/96 to 2009/10. The results show a significant increase in rice production in all the countries during the reference period. However, the effect of area and yield to increase production differs from one country to another. It is noted that instability in area, yield and production in countries (except for Malaysia) are positively related. Furthermore, the decomposition analysis indicated that changes in mean yield mainly contribute to mean production in Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam while change in mean area contributed larger in Myanmar. However, changes in area-yield covariance between periods made a negligible contribution to the change in rice production.
Economics of Garlic Production in Baran District of Rajasthan; Break Even Analysis
Creators: name: Meena, Lokesh Kumar
name: Sen, Chandra
name: Bairwa, Shoji Lal
name: Arunjhajharia
name: Raghuwanshi, N. K.
name: Meena, Lokesh Kumar
name: Sen, Chandra
name: Bairwa, Shoji Lal
name: Arunjhajharia
name: Raghuwanshi, N. K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Garlic
subject: production
subject: constraints
subject: break even analysis

description: The study focuses on economic analysis of garlic production in the Baran District of Rajasthan.The study is carried out to determine break even analysis and constraints of garlic production in the study area.Break even analysis is carried out to arrive at that minimum level at which optimum conditions of cost and returns is equated that is no profit no loss point. In this study selected small, medium and large farmers will not be at loss even if their actual yield of garlic is decline by 56.22, 54.27 and 54.18 quintals per hectare respectively and selected small, medium and large farmers will not be at loss even if their actual price of garlic is decline by 986.96, 1005.55 and 1014.77 /quintals respectively. Break even yield and price were increased with increased size of holding of farmers. The most serious constraints as perceived by the farmers in garlic production were the high price of garlic seed at time of sowing, high cost of garlic cultivation, Unfavourable product price and High cost of irrigation etc.
Seminário ALS: Formação autodidacta sobre a gestão sustentável dos recursos naturais: Relatório metodológico
Creators: name: Brüschweiler, Sabine
name: Mathez-Stiefel, Sarah-Lan
Publisher: name: University of Bern
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/02k7v4d05
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2004

description: Methodological report on the ALS workshop in Mitepo village, Meluco District, Mozambique, from 19th June to 4th August 2004. Description of objectives, methodology, activities and results day-by-day and evaluation.
Quasirandom estimations of two-qubit operator-monotone-based separability probabilities
Creators: name: Slater, Paul B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81P16, 81P40, 81P45, 60B20, 15B52

description: We conduct a pair of quasirandom estimations of the separability probabilities with respect to ten measures on the 15-dimensional convex set of two-qubit states, using its Euler-angle parameterization. The measures include the (non-monotone) Hilbert-Schmidt one, plus nine others based on operator monotone functions. Our results are supportive of previous assertions that the Hilbert-Schmidt and Bures (minimal monotone) separability probabilities are $\frac{8}{33} \approx 0.242424$ and $\frac{25}{341} \approx 0.0733138$, respectively, as well as suggestive of the Wigner-Yanase counterpart being $\frac{1}{20}$. However, one result appears inconsistent (much too small) with an earlier claim of ours that the separability probability associated with the operator monotone (geometric-mean) function $\sqrt{x}$ is $1-\frac{256}{27 π^2} \approx 0.0393251$. But a seeming explanation for this disparity is that the volume of states for the $\sqrt{x}$-based measure is infinite. So, the validity of the earlier conjecture--as well as an alternative one, $\frac{1}{9} \left(593-60 π^2\right) \approx 0.0915262$, we now introduce--can not be examined through the numerical approach adopted, at least perhaps not without some truncation procedure for extreme values.
description: 19 pages, 16 figures--text moderately expanded, but sample size in main analyses doubled in size. To appear in International Journal of Quantum Information
The scaling region of the lattice O(N) sigma model at finite temperature
Creators: name: Strouthos, Costas G.
name: Tziligakis, Ioannis N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from numerical studies of the finite temperature phase transition of the $(3+1)d$ O(N)-symmetric non-linear sigma model for $N=1,2$ and 3. We study the dependence of the width of the 3d critical region on $N$ and we show that the broken phase scaling region is much wider for N=2 and 3 than for N=1. We also compare the widths of the critical region in the low $T$ and high $T$ phases of the O(2) model and we show that the scaling region in the broken phase is much wider than in the symmetric phase. We also report results for the width of the scaling regions in the low $T$ phase$ (2+1)d$ Ising model and we show that the spatial correlation length has to be approximately twice the lattice temporal extent before the 2d scaling region is reached.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures
Assessing the Supply Chain Governance Scenario in the Agri-food Sector: Development of a Measurement Tool
Creators: name: Rota, Cosimo
name: Zanasi, Cesare
name: Reynolds, Nikolai
name: Rota, Cosimo
name: Zanasi, Cesare
name: Reynolds, Nikolai
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: supply chain governance
subject: agri-food
subject: assessment tool
subject: TCE.

description: Defining a supply chain governance structure able to adapt to the supply chain technical and organizational characteristics positively influences the relationships between the agents and its overall competitiveness. The present study proposes a tool for the evaluation of the impact on the supply chain governance structure resulting from the adoption of sustainability improvement options in the area of organization and management in the agri-food sector. Two different approaches, proposed by (Gereffi et al., 2005) and (Hobbs and Young, 2000) are merged to provide a theoretical framework supporting the tool implementation. Gereffi et al., suggest that supply chains fall into one of five different governance structures, depending on the relative levels of three dimension: complexity of transaction, ability to codify and capabilities in the supply-base. Hobbs and Young link the product characteristics, regulatory and technology aspects to a change in supply chain vertical coordination. The parameters linking the sustainability improvement options to the change in the supply chain governance structure should result by interviewing a panel of experts, considering the difficulty to generalize the influence of the improvement options in different food chains contexts. This difficulty seems to be, to date, the main methodological limitation to the tool application. However, its represent a first step towards the assessment of the existing governance structure and its management.
Carpatolechia alburnella
Creators: name: Junnilainen, Jari
name: Karsholt, Ole
name: Nupponen, Kari
name: Kaitila, Jari-Pekka
name: Nupponen, Timo
name: Olschwang, Vladimir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Gelechiidae
Carpatolechia
Carpatolechia alburnella

description: Carpatolechia alburnella ( Zeller, 1839)
Ajat river 03–05. VII.1997; Arkaim 08–09. VII.1997; Berlin 30. VI –02. VII.1997 Miass 27.VI.1997, 15.VII.2003; Moskovo 11. VII.1998; Verbljushka 10–12. VI.1998. A total of 9 exx.
 Distribution. Widely distributed from C and N Europe eastwards throughout Siberia.
description: Published as part of Junnilainen, Jari, Karsholt, Ole, Nupponen, Kari, Kaitila, Jari-Pekka, Nupponen, Timo & Olschwang, Vladimir, 2010, The gelechiid fauna of the southern Ural Mountains, part II: list of recorded species with taxonomic notes (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) 2367, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 2367 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2367.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10093655
Dynamics of Particle Production in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
Creators: name: Tuominen, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Saturation models for particle production in relativistic nuclear collisions are discussed. In particular, I show that the predictions from the high density QCD for the qualitative shape of $dN/dy$ are very sensitive to the form of the unintegrated gluon distribution.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings for Quark Matter 2002
Of Books and Fire: Approaching the Alchemy of Carl Gustav Jung
Creators: name: Wagner, Christopher Franklin
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Carl Gustav Jung
alchemy
psychology
Transformations and Symbols of the Libido
Dream Symbols of the Individuation Process
Notions of Redemption in Alchemy
Red Book
quaternary
quaternity
Ethan Allen Hitchcock
Herbert Silberer
philosophers' stone
mandala
individuation

description: Historical examinations of the alchemical thought of Carl Jung have hitherto focused on the shortcomings of his historiography and its applications, largely neglecting the fundaments, formation, and sequence of his alchemical findings within the context of his psychological research: a deficit for which the present study is offered as a needed corrective. The dissertation entails a chronological investigation of Jung’s research spanning the period from his seminal 1911-1912 work, Transformations and Symbols of the Libido, to his founding alchemical essays of 1935 and 1936, respectively entitled “Dream Symbols of the Individuation Process” and “Notions of Redemption in Alchemy.” In the first of three sections, Transformations is considered as a template for Jung’s “Dream Symbols” and “Redemption” essays, both in methodology and manner of exposition. Jung’s Red Book is claimed, further, to have shaped the psychological content of those essays, as mediated through published works from the period, 1913 to 1918. The section then chronicles Jung’s final path to the composition of his alchemical essays, as facilitated through an analysis of the quaternary Self symbol, which Jung associated with the historical symbol of the philosophers’ stone. The middle section comprises detailed expositions of Jung’s “Dream Symbols” and “Redemption” essays, as well as commentary upon the materials, means, and methods of his historiography. The last section offers three discrete assessments of Jung’s alchemical thought. It inquires first into the nature of Jung’s historiography, probing the potential shortcomings of his alchemical essays given the historical character and content of the alchemical texts themselves. It also considers Jung’s alchemical findings in light of other identified ‘spiritual-alchemical’ thinkers, in particular, Ethan Allen Hitchcock and Herbert Silberer. Finally, it yields an evaluation of Jung’s alchemical conceptions within the context of his own experiences and writings. Although not supportive of the application of Jung’s findings in the study of Western alchemical history, the dissertation recommends his thought as a creative twentieth-century contribution to such history, framing Jung, himself, as a purveyor of a distinctive ‘psycho-alchemical’ art.
Enhanced anti-glioma activity of annonaceous acetogenins based on a novel liposomal co-delivery system with ginsenoside Rh2
Creators: name: Ao, Hui
name: Song, Huizhu
name: Li, Jing
name: Wang, Xiangtao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) have potent anti-tumor activity, and the problems of their low solubility, hemolysis, and in vivo delivery have been solved by encapsulation into nanoparticles. However, the high toxicity still limits their application in clinic. In this paper, the co-delivery strategy was tried to enhance the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy and reduce the toxic effects of ACGs. Ginsenoside Rh2, a naturally derived biologically active compound, which was reported to have synergistic effect with paclitaxel, was selected to co-deliver with ACGs. And due to its similarity with cholesterol in chemical structure, the co-loading liposomes, (ACGs + Rh2)-Lipo, were successfully constructed using Rh2 instead of cholesterol as the membrane material. The obtained (ACGs + Rh2)-Lipo and ACGs-Lipo had similar mean particle size (about 80 nm), similar encapsulation efficiency (EE, about 97%) and good stability. The MTS assay indicated that (ACGs + Rh2)-Lipo had stronger toxicity in vitro. In the in vivo study, in contrast to ACGs-Lipo, (ACGs + Rh2)-Lipo demonstrated an improved tumor targetability (3.3-fold in relative tumor targeting index) and significantly enhanced the antitumor efficacy (tumor inhibition rate, 72.9 ± 5.4% vs. 60.5 ± 5.4%, p < .05). The body weight change, liver index, and spleen index of tumor-bearing mice showed that Rh2 can attenuate the side effects of ACGs themselves. In conclusion, (ACGs + Rh2)-Lipo not only alleviated the toxicity of ACGs to the organism, but also enhanced their anti-tumor activity, which is expected to break through their bottleneck.
MHD Shock Conditions for Accreting Plasma onto Kerr Black Holes - I
Creators: name: Takahashi, Masaaki
name: Rilett, Darrell
name: Fukumura, Keigo
name: Tsuruta, Sachiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the work by Appl and Camenzind (1988) for special relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) jets, to fully general relativistic studies of the standing shock formation for accreting MHD plasma in a rotating, stationary and axisymmetric black hole magnetosphere. All the postshock physical quantities are expressed in terms of the relativistic compression ratio, which can be obtained in terms of preshock quantities. Then, the downstream state of a shocked plasma is determined by the upstream state of the accreting plasma. In this paper sample solutions are presented for slow magnetosonic shocks for accreting flows in the equatorial plane. We find that some properties of the slow magnetosonic shock for the rotating magnetosphere can behave like a fast magnetosonic shock. In fact, it is confirmed that in the limit of weak gravity for the upstream non-rotating accretion plasma where the magnetic field lines are leading and rotating, our results are very similar to the fast magnetosonic shock solution by Appl and Camenzind (1988). However, we find that the situation becomes far more complicated due to the effects of strong gravity and rotation, such as the frame dragging-effects. We show the tendency that the large spin of the black hole makes the slow magnetosonic shock strong for the accretion solutions with the same energy-flux.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures, accepted to ApJ
Intense field stabilization in circular polarization: 3D time-dependent dynamics
Creators: name: Choi, Dae-Il
name: Chism, Will
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the stabilization of a hydrogen atom in circularly polarized laser fields. We use a time-dependent, fully three dimensional approach to study the quantum dynamics of the hydrogen atom subject to high intensity, short wavelength laser pulses. We find enhanced survival probability as the field is increased under fixed envelope conditions. We also confirm wavepacket dynamics seen in prior time-dependent computations restricted to two dimensions.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted
Commercializing Smallholder Value Chains for Goats in Mozambique: A System Dynamics Approach
Creators: name: Hamza, Kanar H.
name: Rich, Karl M.
name: Baker, A. Derek
name: Hendrickx, Saskia
name: Hamza, Kanar H.
name: Rich, Karl M.
name: Baker, A. Derek
name: Hendrickx, Saskia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Mozambique
subject: Inhassoro
subject: smallholders
subject: goats
subject: value chains
subject: system dynamics

description: Goat producers in Inhassoro follow traditional management practices that lead to low supply of low quality goats. This has negative impacts on profitability, and on market access. Traders who buy in the Inhassoro locality buy only small volumes, and buyers from external markets are unaware of potential market supply in Inhassoro. This interaction of production constraints and limited information flows in the value chain was addressed using a system dynamics model for various commercialization scenarios. Simulation results show that improving goat production and animal health practices alone without concomitant improvements in market access have negative impacts on the financial performance of producers and no impact on other value chain actors. However, interventions that both improve market access and animal health have significant positive impacts on the financial performance of all value chain actors. The model’s explicit treatment of herd dynamics contribute significantly to these conclusions, particularly the lagged production response inherent in livestock breeding systems.
MOESM1 of Trusting the hand that feeds: microbes evolve to anticipate a serial transfer protocol as individuals or collectives
Creators: name: Dijk, Bram
name: Meijer, Jeroen
name: Cuypers, Thomas
name: Hogeweg, Paulien
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1 Supplementary materials.
Nonlinear hydrodynamic instability and turbulence in eccentric astrophysical discs
Creators: name: Wienkers, Aaron
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2016
Subjects: accretion discs
hydrodynamics
instabilities
waves
turbulence

description: The nonlinear evolution of the parametric instability of inertial waves inherent to eccentric discs is studied by way of a new local numerical model. Mode coupling of tidal deformation with the disc eccentricity is known to produce exponentially growing eccentricities at mean-motion resonances, most prominently via the 3:1 eccentric Lindblad resonance in circumstellar binaries. However, the details of an efficient saturation mechanism for this growth are still not fully understood. Linear theory for the parametric instability of inertial waves in eccentric discs has previously been studied by Barker and Ogilvie (2014), the nonlinear evolution of which dictates the transport rates and may help saturate this unmitigated eccentricity growth. This thesis develops a generalised numerical model for an eccentric quasi-axisymmetric shearing box based on the theoretical model developed by Ogilvie and Barker (2014) which itself generalises the often-used local cartesian shearing box model. The numerical method is an overall 2nd order well-balanced finite volume method which maintains the stratified and oscillatory steady state solution to machine precision. This implementation is employed to study the nonlinear outcome of this parametric instability in eccentric discs with vertical structure. Stratification is found to constrain the perturbation energy near the midplane, and localises the effective region of the secondary instability. A saturated marginally sonic turbulent state is then maintained by the breaking of inertial waves cascading energy into smaller scales. The resulting turbulence is quite inefficient at transporting angular momentum through the disc, as might be expected from a restricted axisymmetric instability. Still, the saturation of this parametric instability of inertial waves is shown to damp the eccentricity on the timescale of 50 to 100 orbital periods, and so is a promising mechanism for balancing the exponential growth of eccentricity from the eccentric Lindblad resonances.
Intensity Distributions of Gamma-Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Band, David L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of individual bursts chosen by the vagaries of telescope availability demonstrated that bursts are not standard candles and that their apparent energy can be as great as 10^54 erg. However, determining the distribution of their apparent energy (and of other burst properties) requires the statistical analysis of a well-defined burst sample; the sample definition includes the threshold for including a burst in the sample. Thus optical groups need to the criteria behind the decision to search for a spectroscopic redshift. Currently the burst samples are insufficient to choose between lognormal and power law functional forms of the distribution, and the parameter values for these functional forms differ between burst samples. Similarly, the actual intensity distribution may be broader than observed, with a low energy tail extending below the detection threshold.
description: For the proceedings of GAMMA 2001 (Baltimore, April 4-6, 2001), 5 pages
Charged scalar fields on Black Hole space-times
Creators: name: Van De Moortel, Maxime Claude Robert
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Strong Cosmic Censorship
Black Hole interior
Reissner-Nordstrom
Charged scalar field
Klein-Gordon
Cauchy horizon

description: The goal of this thesis is to study charged Black Holes in the presence of charged matter. To do so, we investigate the behaviour of spherically symmetric solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell-Klein-Gordon equations, which model the interaction of a charged scalar field with the electromagnetic field originating from the Black Hole charge. The particularity of this model is to putatively admit charged one-ended Black holes with a Cauchy horizon, and thus provides a framework to study simultaneously charged gravitational collapse and the Strong Cosmic Censorship conjecture. The latter problem is related to the question of Determinism of General Relativity, and roughly states that the maximal development of admissible initial data is inextendible. This question is intimately connected to the geometry of the Black Hole interior, which is studied in the first chapter of the present thesis. We prove that perturbed charged Black Holes form a Cauchy horizon which admits generically a singularity. This singularity in turn forms an obstruction to extending the maximal development. To obtain this result, we undertake an asymptotic analysis of the scalar field in the interior of the Black Hole, assuming its exterior region settles towards a stationary solution at a time decay rate that is expected by numeric and heuristic works. In the second chapter of this thesis, we retrieve these time decay rates for weakly charged scalar field on a fixed Reissner-Nordstrom Black Hole exterior. The result provides a proof of the (gravity-uncoupled) stability of Reissner-Nordstrom Black Hole exterior against small charged perturbations, which should also be considered as the first step towards the construction of one-ended charged Black Holes with a Cauchy horizon.
description: K Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) grant EP/L016516/1.
Design Thinking and Food Innovation
Creators: name: Olsen, Nina Veflen
name: Olsen, Nina Veflen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: Agribusiness
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: This paper presents a new approach for food innovation—a Design Thinking approach that challenges the strong product orientation that still exists in the food industry. Consumer researchers widely believe that innovation in the food sector can be much more user oriented. Fork to Farm projects try to maximize value creation for the end user, but; unfortunately; many of these projects appeals to an undifferentiated mass market. The food industry needs to understand individual consumers and the context in which they live to be able to deliver successful new food solutions. The aim of this paper is to discuss and exemplify how Design Thinking can contribute to innovation in the food industry. After introducing the Design Thinking approach and describing an innovation project conducted within the seafood industry in Norway, four specific aspects of Design Thinking: a) Begin at the beginning, b) Take a human-centered approach, c) Try early and often, and d) Seek outside help, are discussed in more detail. I conclude that Design Thinking is a faster and cheaper way to include the voice of the consumer into the process —a learning approach that needs to be further discussed, improved and tested out within the food domain.
The glyoxylate shunt as a target for antibacterial intervention in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Creators: name: McVey, Alyssa Charee
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
glyoxylate shunt
isocitrate lyase
malate synthase G
antibacterial targets
antibiotics

description: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen responsible for a large proportion of drug-resistant, hospital-acquired infections worldwide. These infections are notoriously difficult to treat due to P. aeruginosa’s many intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms. Despite the critical need for new antibiotics against P. aeruginosa, the current pipeline is unable to meet the demand for treating these infections. P. aeruginosa can thrive in diverse infection scenarios by rewiring its central metabolism, and an example of this is in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, where this bacterium metabolises fatty acids into acetyl coenzyme A for biomass production via the glyoxylate shunt. The glyoxylate shunt is comprised of two enzymes: isocitrate lyase and malate synthase G, and allows the synthesis of cellular constituents from C2 nutrient sources, bypassing the decarboxylation steps of the citric acid cycle when glucose is not available. The glyoxylate shunt has potential as a new antibacterial target in P. aeruginosa as there is evidence to support that, besides carbon fixation, the glyoxylate shunt is implicated in virulence and is essential for establishing pulmonary infections. In this dissertation, the glyoxylate shunt was investigated as an antibacterial target in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The biochemical characterisation of malate synthase G resulted in the first reported crystal structure solved to 1.6 Å resolution. Computational evaluation of the crystal structure revealed two promising binding sites suitable for future in silico drug design, which confirmed malate synthase as an apt drug target. Two 2-aminopyridine derivatives were found that displayed dual inhibition of the glyoxylate shunt enzyme activities as well as P. aeruginosa growth with low micromolar potencies. Insights into the different mechanisms of action on the target enzymes were explored using kinetic analysis and isothermal titration calorimetry. Hit to lead optimisation experiments of the hit compounds provided awareness of their potential for any future development as antibacterial agents. Although the compounds showed promising efficacies, in vitro drug metabolism and safety profiles, I also found that they displayed possible "off-target" effects and had issues in chemical stability. Together, these data indicate that the compounds warrant further chemical modification to improve these characteristics.
description: European Commission's Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, Cambridge Philosophical Society, Lundgren Fund, Gonville & Caius College
Flat gauge fields and the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence
Creators: name: Viña, Andrés
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53B50, 32C38, 70S15

description: The geometric phase that appears in the effects of Aharonov-Bohm type is interpreted in the frame of Deligne's version of the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence. We extend also the concept of flat gauge field to $B$-branes which are coherent sheaves, so that such a field on a sheaf turns it into a holonomic regular $D$-module.
description: Extended version to be published in Reports on mathematical Physics
Recognizing the biological barriers and pathophysiological characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract for the design and application of nanotherapeutics
Creators: name: Li, Shan
name: Wu, Tianyu
name: Wu, Jingfeng
name: Chen, Wensheng
name: Zhang, Dinglin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is an important and complex system by which humans to digest food and absorb nutrients. The GIT is vulnerable to diseases, which may led to discomfort or even death in humans. Therapeutics for GIT disease treatment face multiple biological barriers, which significantly decrease the efficacy of therapeutics. Recognizing the biological barriers and pathophysiological characteristics of GIT may be helpful to design innovative therapeutics. Nanotherapeutics, which have special targeting and controlled therapeutic release profiles, have been widely used for the treatment of GIT diseases. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the biological barrier and pathophysiological characteristics of GIT, which may aid in the design of promising nanotherapeutics for GIT disease treatment. Furthermore, several typical diseases of the upper and lower digestive tracts, such as Helicobacter pylori infection and inflammatory bowel disease, were selected to investigate the application of nanotherapeutics for GIT disease treatment.
Estudio de métodos para identificación de la fatiga en la conducción a través del análisis de señales fisiológicas mediante técnicas de minería de datos
Creators: name: Beldarrain, Asier Arambarri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: 80109 Pattern Recognition and Data Mining
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 80702 Health Informatics
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: The use of ECG signal and derived HRV (Heart Rate Variability) analysis is a well-known technique fordetecting different levels of fatigue for objective evaluation in human activities. This Master's Thesis makes a proposal for identifying fatigue on drivers.
Carpatolechia notatella
Creators: name: Junnilainen, Jari
name: Karsholt, Ole
name: Nupponen, Kari
name: Kaitila, Jari-Pekka
name: Nupponen, Timo
name: Olschwang, Vladimir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Gelechiidae
Carpatolechia
Carpatolechia notatella

description: Carpatolechia notatella (Hübner, 1813)
Berlin 30. VI –02.VII.1997; Miass 13.VI.1996; 28–29.VI.1997. A total of 12 exx.
 Distribution. Widely distributed in Europe, absent from the Mediterranean region and Iberian Peninsula. Outside Europe in Turkey. Records from the Caucasus (Elsner et al.1999) and Trans-Caucasus (Piskunov 1990a) require confirmation.
description: Published as part of Junnilainen, Jari, Karsholt, Ole, Nupponen, Kari, Kaitila, Jari-Pekka, Nupponen, Timo & Olschwang, Vladimir, 2010, The gelechiid fauna of the southern Ural Mountains, part II: list of recorded species with taxonomic notes (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) 2367, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 2367 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2367.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10093655
Calculation of Moments of Structure Functions
Creators: name: Göckeler, M.
name: Horsley, R.
name: Pleiter, D.
name: Rakow, P. E. L.
name: Schäfer, A.
name: Schierholz, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The progress on the lattice computation of low moments of both the unpolarised and polarised nucleon structure functions is reviewed with particular emphasis on continuum and chiral extrapolations and comparison between quenched and unquenched fermions.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures, Lattice2002(plenary)
Supply Chain Design and Control Principles in Local Food Production: A Norwegian Case Study
Creators: name: Dreyer, Heidi C.
name: Strandhagen, Jan Ola
name: Thomassen, Maria K.
name: Romsdal, Anita
name: Gran, Erik
name: Dreyer, Heidi C.
name: Strandhagen, Jan Ola
name: Thomassen, Maria K.
name: Romsdal, Anita
name: Gran, Erik
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Production Economics
subject: Local Food Production
subject: Norwegian food artisans
subject: Supply chain design and control principles

description: Based on an analysis of four local food producers this paper explores the relation between the supply chain design and control principles, and the strategic fit. Local food has arisen as a popular supplement to the traditional supermarket product range offered by retailers and restaurants. However it has been shown that local food struggles with the market access, and that the supply chain is one of the obstacles preventing local food producers to gain a solid market position. We analyse how the supply chain of food specialties could be designed and controlled in order to fit with the competitive features of local food producers. It identifies a number of features of the local food chain, analyzes the obstacles and discusses how the characteristics could be dealt with by adjusting design and control principles. It develops generic designs and control principles for local food producers.
The State and the Journalist: Regional Crimean Media Professionals Adapting to Change, 2013-2017
Creators: name: Zeveleva, Olga
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: political sociology
sociology of media
sociology of journalism
journalism
politics
Bourdieu
field theory
biographical sociology
qualitative sociology
sociological methods
Crimea
Ukraine
Russia

description: Newnham College; Department of Sociology, University of Cambridge
Structural studies of trans-translation
Creators: name: Rae, Christopher
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: translation
ribosome
trans-translation
tmRNA
SmpB
Cryo-EM

description: Ribosomes translate messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein in all living cells. The faultless production of protein is critical for a vast array of catalytic and structural roles and is essential for the survival of the cell. Ribosomes themselves are made up of both RNA and protein, and are composed of two subunits, each with a separate function. The small subunit reads the mRNA message, directing the large subunit to synthesize a sequence of amino acids to form a protein. In many cases, mRNA may be damaged or truncated in such a way that ribosomes reach the end of the message and become trapped. Rescuing stalled ribosomes is essential as an otherwise lethal build-up of unproductive ribosomes diminishes the translation capacity of a cell. This study focuses on an essential pathway called trans-translation, which resolves stalled ribosomes in nearly all bacteria. Two factors, transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) and small protein B (SmpB), form a complex that rescues the ribosome by terminating translation and releasing the ribosome from the mRNA message. In vitro biochemistry in conjunction with cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) was used to visualize frozen snapshots of the ribosome undergoing trans-translation. The structures reveal the coordinated movement of tmRNA and SmpB through the ribosome. Binding interactions between tmRNA-SmpB and the ribosome explain why trans-translation only begins on ribosomes that reach the end of an mRNA and not for actively translation ones. SmpB plays an essential role in positioning tmRNA as together they mimic both a tRNA and mRNA. The movement of tmRNA-SmpB results in a stepwise message swapping from the original mRNA to tmRNA, facilitating the rescue of stalled ribosomes. Overall, this structural study advances our atomic level understanding of the mechanism of trans-translation.
description: This degree was supported by a Gates Cambridge Scholarship.
Measuring Energy, Estimating Hamiltonians, and the Time-Energy Uncertainty Relation
Creators: name: Aharonov, Y.
name: Massar, S.
name: Popescu, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Suppose that the Hamiltonian acting on a quantum system is unknown and one wants to determine what is the Hamiltonian. We show that in general this requires a time $Δt$ which obeys the uncertainty relation $Δt ΔH \gtrsim 1$ where $ΔH$ is a measure of how accurately the unknown Hamiltonian must be estimated. We then apply this result to the problem of measuring the energy of an unknown quantum state. It has been previously shown that if the Hamiltonian is known, then the energy can in principle be measured in an arbitrarily short time. On the other hand we show that if the Hamiltonian is not known then an energy measurement necessarily takes a minimum time $Δt$ which obeys the uncertainty relation $Δt ΔE \gtrsim 1$ where $ΔE$ is the precision of the energy measurement. Several examples are studied to address the question of whether it is possible to saturate these uncertainty relations. Their interpretation is discussed in detail.
description: 12pages, revised version with small corrections