cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Essays on Scale Economies and Efficiency in Public Education
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Kalyan
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1998

description: Efficiency in public education is a significant issue in the United States. Nationwide, real expenditure per student increased 8% per year between 1960 and 1993, but output as measured by standardized test scores has not increased and in some cases (i.e., the verbal SAT [Scholastic Achievement Test] score) has declined. One explanation is that resources are not being utilized efficiently either in the technical or allocative sense. Also, the issue is important because substantial savings are possible by consolidation of schools and/or districts.
This dissertation explores efficiency by measuring technical efficiency at the school district level from four perspectives. The first essay (Chapter 2) explores whether the cost efficient production units are the bigger schools or the bigger districts, using the concept of a standard education cost function (the dual of neoclassical production function). The empirical analysis uses panel data from Utah school districts and estimates the cost and expenditure functions using the covariance and error component models after making corrections for heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation. The evidence indicates scale economies associated with school size but not district size.
In the second essay (chapter 3), technical efficiency of individual school districts is measured using an educational production function and stochastic frontier methodology. The empirical analysis shows substantial variation in efficiency among school districts.
An extension of the second essay (Appendix B) estimates technical efficiency and total factor productivity using school districts as multi-output producing units. A deterministic nonparametric approach, known as data envelopment analysis (DEA), is applied to a panel data. The empirical results provide provide pure technical efficiency disaggregating the components of scale, congestion, and technical innovation.
Most studies of technical efficiency using a stochastic production function are estimated using cross-section data. Technical inefficiency effects are assumed (1) to be a function of the district-specific variables (i.e., dropout rate, socioeconomic status of the students, etc.) and time, and (2) to be independently distributed as truncated normal with constant variance and with means dependent on the firm-specific variables and time. The empirical results suggest that technical inefficiency increased over time for Utah school districts, and that inefficiency effects are stochastic.
Scars on the archive, visions of place: genocide and modernity in Tasmania
Creators: name: Shipway, J
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis attempts to come to grips with the narrative traditions, the tropological models and the modes of speech through which Tasmania has come to be constructed as a place of genocide and a place of modernity. The dual nature of its structure responds to two important traditions in contemporary humanities scholarship, the study of genocide and the study of modernity. Through an examination of the way in which these two developmental trajectories have played out in Tasmania, I attempt to decentre and destabilise their disciplinary frameworks. In the first instance modernity is examined from an alternative perspective that allows for a mapping that is not regulated by the presence of Europe and North America, while in the second, genocide is uncoupled from the Holocaust in the name of an examination of a colonial iteration that has only recently registered on the radar screen of scholars working in the area. In this thesis genocide and modernity function dialectically. While, on the one hand, they serve as the objects of analysis, on the other, they provide the discursive resources for the construction of a dual optic that allows for a selective re-reading of the history of Tasmania. For my purposes genocide and modernity are generators of archival energy, drivers of the spectral web that spins out through historical time and transforms a physical location into a place by making that location symbolisable and communicable. This thesis posits a communal structure of feeling that gathers itself around the signifier \Tasmania\". The linguistic traces that I have pursued are diachronic in nature but their mobilisation takes place in a continually refreshing present. Being-in-Tasmania is beingwith- the-archive and that archive is structured in important ways by genocide and modernity."
On the Wu invariants for immersions of a graph into the plane
Creators: name: Nikkuni, Ryo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57Q35, 57M15

description: We give an explicit calculation of the Wu invariants for immersions of a finite graph into the plane and classify all generic immersions of a graph into the plane up to regular homotopy by the Wu invariant. This result is a generalization of the fact that two plane curves are regularly homotopic if and only if they have the same rotation number.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures
Anomalous and anisotropic nonlinear susceptibility in the proximate Kitaev magnet α-RuCl3
Creators: name: Holleis, Ludwig
name: Prestigiacomo, Joseph C.
name: Fan, Zhijie
name: Nishimoto, Satoshi
name: Osofsky, Michael
name: Chern, Gia-Wei
name: Van Den Brink, Jeroen
name: Shivaram, B.S.
Publisher: name: [London] : Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: quantum spin
subject: (bond-dependent) exchange
subject: Kitaev magnets
subject: 530

description: The leading order nonlinear (NL) susceptibility, χ3, in a paramagnet is negative and diverges as T → 0. This divergence is destroyed when spins correlate and the NL response provides unique insights into magnetic order. Dimensionality, exchange interaction, and preponderance of quantum effects all imprint their signatures in the NL magnetic response. Here, we study the NL susceptibilities in the proximate Kitaev magnet α-RuCl3, which differs from the expected antiferromagnetic behavior. For T 0 implies a broken sublattice symmetry of magnetic order at low temperatures. Classical Monte Carlo (CMC) simulations in the standard K − H − Γ model secure such a quadratic B dependence of M, only for T ≈ Tc with χ2 being zero as T → 0. It is also zero for all temperatures in exact diagonalization calculations. On the other hand, we find an exclusive cubic term (χ3) that describes the high field NL behavior well. χ3 is large and positive both below and above Tc crossing zero only for T > 50 K. In contrast, for B ∥ c-axis, no separate low/high field behaviors are measured and only a much smaller χ3 is apparent.
Use of estimates of ribonucleic acid to predict the growth rates of zooplanktonic organisms.
Creators: name: Pease, Alan Kingsley
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The concentration of RNA (Schneider procedure, 1945) and the dry weight of the developing stages of the brine shrimp Artemia salina were measured during the first 63 days of growth of the organism in the laboratory; RNA and the dry weight of starved stage V Calanus plumchrus were followed for 20 days. The same techniques were applied to the developmental stages of several species of zooplankton obtained during the course of one year from Saanich Inlet, Vancouver Island, B.C. The data collected from the laboratory and the field were used to test the validity of the RNA/Growth relationship proposed by Sutcliffe (1965) as a means to predict the rate of increase in dry weight (growth rate) of such organisms. Errors in the estimation of RNA occured. These resulted from chromogenic materials other than the pentose sugars ribose and desoxyribose being present in the hot PCA extracts of zooplanktonic organisms. Detection of the interfering chromogens was possible by examining the absorption spectra of the hot PCA extracts treated with orcinol between the wave-lengths 550 to 700 mμ. An attempt has been made to minimize such errors by calculating the amount of RNA from the difference in absorbance recorded at 670 mμ minus that at 615 mμ. Correlation of growth predicted from RNA values and the observed increase in dry weight of the organisms was greatest during their most rapid period of development. During other periods of development, RNA values were generally in excess of requirements for the observed increase in dry weight and may represent metabolic processes other than those associated with this increase.
title: Evaluation of Low-quality Forages in a Winter Dietary Regimen of Western White-Face Ewes Used for Milk Production
Creators: name: Meneses, Raúl
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1996

description: The evaluation of ammoniation of mature grass (1/3 Festuca sp, 1/3 Bromus and 1/3 Dactylis sp) as a basal diet for pregnant ewes and its effects on ruminal fermentation were studied. Ammoniation increased the forage dry matter intake (DMI), crude protein (CP), and gross energy digestibility. Ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid were not affected by ammoniation (P>.05). Individual VFA concentrations were affected significantly.
In a third experiment, ammoniated wheat straw was evaluated as a basal diet for wintering pregnant ewes. Ammoniated straw replaced grass hay in the diet. Dry matter intake was not different (P>.05). Final body weight total gain, and fleece weight were higher for controls (P.05).
A fourth experiment evaluated how rehydrating wheat straws prior to ammoniation affected utilization by pregnant western white-face ewes. These treatments increased dry matter and crude protein intakes significantly (P.05). Lamb birth weight was not affected by treatment (P=.874) and fleece weight increased (P
On the power spectrum of solar surface flows
Creators: name: Rieutord, M.
name: Roudier, T.
name: Rincon, F.
name: Malherbe, J. -M.
name: Meunier, N.
name: Berger, T.
name: Frank, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this work is to give new observational constraints on solar surface flows by determining the horizontal scale dependence of the velocity and intensity fields, as represented by their power spectra, and to offer some theoretical guidelines to interpret these spectra. We use long time series of images taken by SOT/Hinode and reconstruct both horizontal (by granule tracking) and vertical (by Doppler effect) velocity fields in a field of view 75x75Mm^2. At small sub-granulation scales, the kinetic energy spectral density associated with vertical motions exhibits a k^{-10/3}-like spectrum, while the intensity fluctuation spectrum follows a k^{-3} or k^{-17/3}-like spectrum at the two continuum levels investigated (525 and 450 nm respectively). We discuss the physical origin of these scalings and argue that they provide a direct observational signature of buoyancy-driven turbulent dynamics in a strongly thermally diffusive regime. In the mesogranulation range and up to a scale of 25Mm, we find that the vertical velocity field amplitude decreases like L^{-3/2} with the horizontal scale L. This behaviour corresponds to a k^2 spectral power law. Still in the mesoscale range, [2.5, 10]Mm, we find that intensity fluctuations in the blue continuum follow a power law in k^2. We show that granule tracking cannot sample scales below 2.5Mm. We locate the supergranulation energy peak around 30Mm and show that the emergence of a pore erases this spectral peak. Thanks to a scale height estimate, we find that supergranular flows are shallow. (abridged abstract).
description: 11 p., 15figures, abridged abstract, final version to appear in A&A
Observation of Spatial Fluctuations of the Local Density of States in Random Media
Creators: name: Birowosuto, M. D.
name: Skipetrov, S. E.
name: Vos, W. L.
name: Mosk, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally study spatial fluctuations of the local density of states (LDOS) inside three-dimensional random photonic media. The LDOS is probed at many positions inside the random photonic media by measuring emission rates of a large number of individual fluorescent nanospheres. The emission rates are observed to fluctuate spatially. We analyze the variance of these fluctuations for samples with different scattering strengths. The measured variance of the emission rates agrees well with a model that takes into account the effect of the nearest scatterer only.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, we added a description about the depth of the single fluorescent spheres and a text about LDOS distribution because of dipole orientations as pointed out by a referee.
Exploring Digital School-based Interventions for Alcohol Prevention Among Adolescents: A Scoping Review Protocol
Creators: name: Jaigarun, Patcharee
name: Stoddard, Sarah
name: Assanangkornchai, Sawitri
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Digital Interventions, school, adolescents, alcohol, prevention
subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Health Sciences

description: Scoping Review Protocol
Large-Scale Metric Computation in Online Controlled Experiment Platform
Creators: name: Xiong, Tao
name: Wang, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Online controlled experiment (also called A/B test or experiment) is the most important tool for decision-making at a wide range of data-driven companies like Microsoft, Google, Meta, etc. Metric computation is the core procedure for reaching a conclusion during an experiment. With the growth of experiments and metrics in an experiment platform, computing metrics efficiently at scale becomes a non-trivial challenge. This work shows how metric computation in WeChat experiment platform can be done efficiently using bit-sliced index (BSI) arithmetic. This approach has been implemented in a real world system and the performance results are presented, showing that the BSI arithmetic approach is very suitable for large-scale metric computation scenarios.
description: VLDB 2024 industrial track
Highly Cooperative Photoswitching in Dihydropyrene Dimers
Creators: name: Liesfeld, Pauline
name: Garmshausen, Yves
name: Budzak, Simon
name: Becker, Jonas
name: Dallmann, Andre
name: Jacquemin, Denis
name: Hecht, Stefan
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cooperative effects
subject: donor–acceptor systems
subject: photochromism
subject: UV/vis spectroscopy
subject: 540

description: We present a strategy to achieve highly cooperative photoswitching, where the initial switching event greatly facilitates subsequent switching of the neighboring unit. By linking donor/acceptor substituted dihydropyrenes via suitable π-conjugated bridges, the quantum yield of the second photochemical ring-opening process could be enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude as compared to the first ring-opening. As a result, the intermediate mixed switching state is not detected during photoisomerization although it is formed during the thermal back reaction. Comparing the switching behavior of various dimers, both experimentally and computationally, helped to unravel the crucial role of the bridging moiety connecting both photochromic units. The presented dihydropyrene dimer serves as model system for longer cooperative switching chains, which, in principle, should enable efficient and directional transfer of information along a molecularly defined path. Moreover, our concept allows to enhance the photosensitivity in oligomeric and polymeric systems and materials thereof. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH GmbH
ESMARConf2021 Closing Session with Panel on Training in R and Evidence Synthesis (livestream)
Creators: name: Grainger, Matthew
name: Haddaway, Neal
name: Hennessy, Emily A.
name: Keenan, Ciara
name: McGuinness, Luke
name: Westgate, Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This panel discussion covers why evidence synthesis capacity development is vital for rigorous synthesis and evidence-informed decision-making. The panellists discuss the beneficial role that systems like R can play in increasing awareness of and use of robust methods, and possible challenges with Open platforms for training future generations of evidence synthesists. Panellists: Marc Lajeunesse, Wolfgang Viechtbauer and Harriet Downey The ESMARConf Organising Team then close the event
R-symmetry and supersymmetry breaking in 3D WZ models
Creators: name: Amariti, Antonio
name: Siani, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze metastable supersymmetry breaking in 3D WZ models. We study the regime of validity of the perturbative computation for superpotentials with marginal and relevant couplings. Lifetime of the metastable states in presence of a triangular potential barrier is estimated.
description: 1+16 pages, 2 figures, JHEP3.cls
The History of "Endovascular Surgical Neuroradiology" in the United States from a Neurological Perspective
Creators: name: Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institutes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Background— Endovascular surgical neuroradiology uses minimally invasive techniques to treat cerebrovasculardiseases. Although radiologists and neurosurgeons made significant contribution to this field, the role of neurologistshas been increased over the past few decades.Purpose— This article aims to review the endovascular surgical neuroradiology from a neurological standpointand to elaborate the significant involvement and contribution of the neurologists to this field along with discussingthe initial challenges until endovascular surgical neuroradiology became recognized by Accreditation Council forGraduate Medical Education (ACGME) as a fellowship training opportunity for neurologists.Results— Currently, there are different pathways for neurologists to apply for the fellowship programs, resulting inan increased number of neurologists in training and practice. Upon completion of neurology residency, neurologistsare required to complete a fellowship in either vascular neurology or neurocritical care in order to become eligible toapply for endovascular surgical neuroradiology fellowship.Summary— Endovascular surgical neuroradiology has been evolved over time. Neurologists have made a significantinfluence on this field.
Massive Dirac fermions and spin physics in an ultrathin film of topological insulator
Creators: name: Lu, Hai-Zhou
name: Shan, Wen-Yu
name: Yao, Wang
name: Niu, Qian
name: Shen, Shun-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study transport and optical properties of the surface states which lie in the bulk energy gap of a thin-film topological insulator. When the film thickness is comparable with the surface state decay length into the bulk, the tunneling between the top and bottom surfaces opens an energy gap and form two degenerate massive Dirac hyperbolas. Spin dependent physics emerges in the surface bands which are vastly different from the bulk behavior. These include the surface spin Hall effects, spin dependent orbital magnetic moment, and spin dependent optical transition selection rule which allows optical spin injection. We show a topological quantum phase transition where the Chern number of the surface bands changes when varying the thickness of the thin film.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Proton-Gated Ring-Closure of a Negative Photochromic Azulene- Based Diarylethene
Creators: name: Hou, Ian Cheng-Yi
name: Berger, Fabian
name: Narita, Akimitsu
name: Müllen, Klaus
name: Hecht, Stefan
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: acid-base equilibria
subject: azulene
subject: diarylethene
subject: negative photochromism
subject: photochemistry
subject: 540

description: Proton-responsive photochromic molecules are attractive for their ability to react on non-invasive rapid optical stimuli and the importance of protonation/deprotonation processes in various fields. Conventionally, their acidic/basic sites are on hetero-atoms, which are orthogonal to the photo-active π-center. Here, we incorporate azulene, an acid-sensitive pure hydrocarbon, into the skeleton of a diarylethene-type photoswitch. The latter exhibits a novel proton-gated negative photochromic ring-closure and its optical response upon protonation in both open and closed forms is much more pronounced than those of diarylethene photoswitches with hetero-atom based acidic/basic moieties. The unique behavior of the new photoswitch can be attributed to direct protonation on its π-system, supported by 1H NMR and theoretical calculations. Our results demonstrate the great potential of integrating non-alternant hydrocarbons into photochromic systems for the development of multi-responsive molecular switches. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH GmbH
Iterated Regret Minimization in Game Graphs
Creators: name: Filiot, Emmanuel
name: Gall, Tristan Le
name: Raskin, Jean-François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Iterated regret minimization has been introduced recently by J.Y. Halpern and R. Pass in classical strategic games. For many games of interest, this new solution concept provides solutions that are judged more reasonable than solutions offered by traditional game concepts -- such as Nash equilibrium --. Although computing iterated regret on explicit matrix game is conceptually and computationally easy, nothing is known about computing the iterated regret on games whose matrices are defined implicitly using game tree, game DAG or, more generally game graphs. In this paper, we investigate iterated regret minimization for infinite duration two-player quantitative non-zero sum games played on graphs. We consider reachability objectives that are not necessarily antagonist. Edges are weighted by integers -- one for each player --, and the payoffs are defined by the sum of the weights along the paths. Depending on the class of graphs, we give either polynomial or pseudo-polynomial time algorithms to compute a strategy that minimizes the regret for a fixed player. We finally give algorithms to compute the strategies of the two players that minimize the iterated regret for trees, and for graphs with strictly positive weights only.
description: 19 pages. Bug in introductive example fixed.
Design and commissioning of a high-level control system for a medical isochronous cyclotron
Creators: name: Hofverberg, Petter
name: Bergerot, Jean-Marc
name: Bruneau, Jean-Michel
name: Trimaud, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MEDICYC (MEDical CYClotron) is an isochronous cyclotron dedicated to radiotherapy which was built and commissioned in Nice, France, in 1990 by a local team aided by experts from CERN. The cyclotron accelerates negative H to a maximum energy of 65 MeV and uses stripping to extract a proton beam. Its primary purpose is treating ocular melanoma by protontherapy but a significant research activity is also present on beam-lines dedicated for this purpose. An extensive refurbishment program of the cyclotron has been started to cope with the end-of-life and/or the obsolescence of several sub-systems. In this context, a new high-level cyclotron control system has been developed and commissioned in 2021-2024. The primary responsibility of the system is the high-level coordination of the source, the RF system, the beam-line and cyclotron magnets, to produce and deliver a beam with a given set of characteristics. A secondary responsibility is the collection, visualization and analysis of sub-system and beam data for monitoring and pre-emptive fault detection. In this contribution, the control system software architecture is presented and the infrastructure on which the systems are deployed is laid out.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures
Tasmanian seagrass communities
Creators: name: Rees, CG
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Seagrasses are marine angiosperms that grow in sheltered coastal and estuarine water bodies. They play a significant role in coastal marine ecology, and are important breeding and feeding grounds for a number of fish species. However, seagrasses are vulnerable to the impacts of some human activities through their sensitivity to reduced light energy. This may be lowered by increased turbidity and sedimentation, or the excessive growth of algal epiphytes in response to raised nutrient levels. Five seagrass species occur in Tasmania, Amphibolis antarctica (Labill.) Sonder et Aschers., Halophila australis Doty & Stone, Heterozostera tasmanica (Marten ex Aschers.), Posidonia australis Hook. f. and Zostera muelleri Irmisch & Aschers., their presence or absence defining five zones around the Tasmanian coast. Most coastal areas were sampled., and seagrass beds located. When sampling these beds, the species, depth, density, substratum and presence of algal epiphytes were recorded. Using available aerial photography from three time periods (circa 1950, circa 1970 and the present)., seagrass beds in selected areas were digitally mapped into a GIS database using ARC/INFO. The sample site attributes were added to the database, and patterns of distribution and change analysed and mapped. The five seagrass species have distinct zonation patterns and distributions in relation to region, coastal formation, substratum and depth. An area of approximately 220 km\\(^2\\) was mapped, leading to speculation that from 400 to 500 km\\(^2\\) of sea grass rna y occur in Tasmania. However, the results of the analysis and mapping also indicate significant decline. Total loss has occurred in some areas. Decline is most pronounced in those parts of the State close to centres of human population and activity. There is a strong relationship between the seagrass decline in coastal areas and the presence and abundant of algal epiphytes. Ambient nutrient levels in some coastal water bodies are likely to be a major cause of seagrass decline. In this context, this thesis proposes some mechanisms for the management and protection of Tasmania's seagrass communities, and nominates representative coastal areas for possible reserve status.
Modular and Versatile Trans-Encoded Genetic Switches
Creators: name: Paul, Avishek
name: Warszawik, Eliza M.
name: Loznik, Mark
name: Boersma, Arnold J.
name: Herrmann, Andreas
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: RNA
subject: RNA logic gates
subject: RNA switches
subject: synthetic biology
subject: tRNA
subject: 540

description: Current bacterial RNA switches suffer from lack of versatile inputs and are difficult to engineer. We present versatile and modular RNA switches that are trans-encoded and based on tRNA-mimicking structures (TMSs). These switches provide a high degree of freedom for reengineering and can thus be designed to accept a wide range of inputs, including RNA, small molecules, and proteins. This powerful approach enables control of the translation of protein expression from plasmid and genome DNA. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
Women leaders in Solomon Islands public service: a personal and scholarly reflection
Creators: name: Liki, Asenati
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT: State, Society and Governance in Melanesia (SSGM) Program, School of International, Political and Strategic Studies, College of Asia & the Pacific, The Australian National University
Year: 2010
Subjects: gender
Solomon Islands

description: "This paper examines the current situation of women in leadership positions in Solomon Islands public service and discusses the factors behind this new trend. The first section discusses the context of the study as well as the field experience and data collecting methodologies employed. The second analyses the evidence on the current situation of women in senior and mid-level public service positions, paying specific attention to trends over the last ten years. The third and final section explores the factors underpinning these trends, particularly the notable increase in the number of highly qualified women in the public service, affirmative action and related policies by government and women’s groups, and an attitudinal shift towards the idea of women in positions of leadership within the public service itself. I also speculate on the future prospects for women as senior government employees ..." - page 1
New supersymmetric quartet of nuclei in the A=190 mass region
Creators: name: Barea, J.
name: Bijker, R.
name: Frank, A.
name: Graw, G.
name: Hertenberger, R.
name: Wirth, H. F.
name: Christen, S.
name: Jolie, J.
name: Tonev, D.
name: Balodis, M.
name: Berzins, J.
name: Kramere, N.
name: Von Egidy, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present evidence for a new supersymmetric quartet in the A=190 region of the nuclear mass table. New experimental information on transfer and neutron capture reactions to the odd-odd nucleaus 194 Ir strongly suggests the existence of a new supersymmetric quartet, consisting of the 192,193 Os and 193,194 Ir nuclei. We make explicit predictions for the odd-neutron nucleus 193 Os, and suggest that its spectroscopic properties be measured in dedicated experiments.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, updated figures and revised text, Physical Review C, Rapid Communication, in press
Something old, something new: challenges and developments in Aspergillus niger biotechnology
Creators: name: Cairns, Timothy C.
name: Barthel, Lars
name: Meyer, Vera
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: Aspergillus niger
subject: citric acid
subject: glucoamylase
subject: macromorphology
subject: micro-computer tomography
subject: secondary metabolite

description: The filamentous ascomycete fungus Aspergillus niger is a prolific secretor of organic acids, proteins, enzymes and secondary metabolites. Throughout the last century, biotechnologists have developed A. niger into a multipurpose cell factory with a product portfolio worth billions of dollars each year. Recent technological advances, from genome editing to other molecular and omics tools, promise to revolutionize our understanding of A. niger biology, ultimately to increase efficiency of existing industrial applications or even to make entirely new products. However, various challenges to this biotechnological vision, many several decades old, still limit applications of this fungus. These include an inability to tightly control A. niger growth for optimal productivity, and a lack of high-throughput cultivation conditions for mutant screening. In this mini-review, we summarize the current state-of-the-art for A. niger biotechnology with special focus on organic acids (citric acid, malic acid, gluconic acid and itaconic acid), secreted proteins and secondary metabolites, and discuss how new technological developments can be applied to comprehensively address a variety of old and persistent challenges.
Modification of lightweight aggregate concretes with silica nanoparticles—A review
Creators: name: Federowicz, Karol
name: Techman, Mateusz
name: Sanytsky, Myroslav
name: Sikora, Pawel
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: lightweight concrete
subject: strength
subject: durability
subject: nanosilica
subject: nanoparticles

description: The use of lightweight concrete (LWC) for structural and non-structural applications has attracted great interest in recent years. The main benefits include reduced deadload of structural elements and generally lower production and transportation costs. However, a decrease in concrete density often leads to a decrease in strength and durability. Typically, concretes are mostly modified with mineral additives such as silica fume or fly ash. Because of the recent developments in nanotechnology, research attention has turned to the possibility of improving concrete properties with nanomaterials, i.e., nano-SiO2. However, there are still certain issues with the dosage and efficiency of nanomaterials. Therefore, in order to establish the current state of knowledge in this field, this review gathers most recent results about the performance of LWC modified with nanomaterials. The review is divided into sections about the influence of nanoparticles on the fresh properties of concrete and their influence on the mechanical and durability characteristics. The paper studies in depth the most common approach to nanomaterials in concrete technology and proposes areas for further development.
A new framework for studying spherically symmetric static solutions in f(R) gravity
Creators: name: Nzioki, Anne Marie
name: Carloni, Sante
name: Goswami, Rituparno
name: Dunsby, Peter K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a new covariant formalism to treat spherically symmetric spacetimes in metric} f(R) theories of gravity. Using this formalism we derive the general equations for a static and spherically symmetric metric in a general f(R)-gravity. These equations are used to determine the conditions for which the Schwarzschild metric is the only vacuum solution with vanishing Ricci scalar. We also show that our general framework provides a clear way of showing that the Schwarzschild solution is not a unique static spherically symmetric solution, providing some incite on how the current form of Birkhoff's theorem breaks down for these theories.
description: 12 pages
On the Consistency of Rapid-Turn Inflation
Creators: name: Anguelova, Lilia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies, in the context of consistency conditions for rapid-turn and third order slow-roll inflation in two-field models, raised the question whether this regime can be sustained for more than a few e-folds of expansion. We answer this question in the affirmative by showing that the consistency conditions themselves ensure the longevity of the rapid-turn regime. Furthermore, we prove this for the most general definition of rapid turning (i.e., with a turning rate that is large compared to the slow-roll parameters, but not necessarily large compared to unity), using in the process a generalized consistency condition. We also show that a special class of rapid-turn models, including angular inflation, satisfy a large-(compared to $1$)-turn-rate condition even for non-large turning rates.
description: 26 pages; minor improvements, references added
Flavour Geometry and Effective Yukawa Couplings in the MSSM
Creators: name: Ellis, John
name: Hodgkinson, Robert N.
name: Lee, Jae Sik
name: Pilaftsis, Apostolos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new geometric approach to the flavour decomposition of an arbitrary soft supersymmetry-breaking sector in the MSSM. Our approach is based on the geometry that results from the quark and lepton Yukawa couplings, and enables us to derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for a linearly-independent basis of matrices related to the completeness of the internal [SU(3) x U(1)]^5 flavour space. In a second step, we calculate the effective Yukawa couplings that are enhanced at large values of tan(beta) for general soft supersymmetry-breaking mass parameters. We highlight the contributions due to non-universal terms in the flavour decompositions of the sfermion mass matrices. We present numerical examples illustrating how such terms are induced by renormalization-group evolution starting from universal input boundary conditions, and demonstrate their importance for the flavour-violating effective Yukawa couplings of quarks.
description: 40 pages, 12 figures, one reference added
A three-state model with loop entropy for the over-stretching transition of DNA
Creators: name: Einert, Thomas R.
name: Staple, Douglas B.
name: Kreuzer, Hans-Juergen
name: Netz, Roland R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a three-state model for a single DNA chain under tension that distinguishes between B-DNA, S-DNA and M (molten or denatured) segments and at the same time correctly accounts for the entropy of molten loops, characterized by the exponent c in the asymptotic expression S ~ - c ln n for the entropy of a loop of length n. Force extension curves are derived exactly employing a generalized Poland-Scheraga approach and compared to experimental data. Simultaneous fitting to force-extension data at room temperature and to the denaturation phase transition at zero force is possible and allows to establish a global phase diagram in the force-temperature plane. Under a stretching force, the effects of the stacking energy, entering as a domain-wall energy between paired and unpaired bases, and the loop entropy are separated. Therefore we can estimate the loop exponent c independently from the precise value of the stacking energy. The fitted value for c is small, suggesting that nicks dominate the experimental force extension traces of natural DNA.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures + Supplementary information
Resistive relaxation of a magnetically confined mountain on an accreting neutron star
Creators: name: Vigelius, M.
name: Melatos, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three-dimensional numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations are performed to investigate how a magnetically confined mountain on an accreting neutron star relaxes resistively. No evidence is found for non-ideal MHD instabilities on a short time-scale, such as the resistive ballooning mode or the tearing mode. Instead, the mountain relaxes gradually as matter is transported across magnetic surfaces on the diffusion time-scale, which evaluates to $τ_\mathrm{I} \sim 10^5 - 10^8$ yr (depending on the conductivity of the neutron star crust) for an accreted mass of $M_a = 1.2 \times 10^{-4} M_\odot$. The magnetic dipole moment simultaneously reemerges as the screening currents dissipate over $τ_\mathrm{I}$. For nonaxisymmetric mountains, ohmic dissipation tends to restore axisymmetry by magnetic reconnection at a filamentary neutral sheet in the equatorial plane. Ideal-MHD oscillations on the Alfvén time-scale, which can be excited by external influences, such as variations in the accretion torque, compress the magnetic field and hence decrease $τ_\mathrm{I}$ by \change{one order of magnitude} relative to its standard value (as computed for the static configuration). The implications of long-lived mountains for gravitational wave emission from low-mass X-ray binaries are briefly explored.
description: accepted by MNRAS
Improved Measurement of the Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect in the Exoplanetary System HD 17156
Creators: name: Narita, Norio
name: Hirano, Teruyuki
name: Sato, Bun'ei
name: Winn, Joshua N.
name: Suto, Yasushi
name: Turner, Edwin L.
name: Aoki, Wako
name: Tamura, Motohide
name: Yamada, Toru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an improved measurement of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect for the exoplanetary system HD 17156, based on radial-velocity data gathered with the Subaru 8.2m telescope throughout the planetary transit of UT 2008 November 7. The data allow for a precise and independent determination of the projected spin-orbit angle of this system: $λ= 10.0^{\circ} \pm 5.1^{\circ}$. This result supersedes the previous claim of $λ= 62^{\circ} \pm 25^{\circ}$ by Narita et al., which was based on lower-precision data with poor statistics. Thus the stellar spin and planetary orbital axes of the HD 17156 system are likely to be well-aligned, despite the planet's large orbital eccentricity suggesting a history of strong dynamical interactions.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables, PASJ accepted
MPEC 2025-G19 : 2023 PE5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 PE5

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
A general theorem on angular-momentum changes due to potential vorticity mixing and on potential-energy changes due to buoyancy mixing
Creators: name: Wood, Richard B.
name: McIntyre, Michael E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An initial zonally symmetric quasigeostrophic potential-vorticity (PV) distribution q_i(y) is subjected to complete or partial mixing within some finite zone |y| < L, where y is latitude. The change in M, the total absolute angular momentum, between the initial and any later time is considered. For standard quasigeostrophic shallow-water beta-channel dynamics it is proved that, for any q_i(y) such that dq_i/dy > 0 throughout |y| < L, the change in M is always negative. This theorem holds even when "mixing" is understood in the most general possible sense. Arbitrary stirring or advective rearrangement is included, combined to an arbitrary extent with spatially inhomogeneous diffusion. The theorem holds whether or not the PV distribution is zonally symmetric at the later time. The same theorem governs Boussinesq potential-energy changes due to buoyancy mixing in the vertical. For the standard quasigeostrophic beta-channel dynamics to be valid the Rossby deformation length L_D >> εL where εis the Rossby number; when L_D = \infty the theorem applies not only to the beta-channel, but also to a single barotropic layer on the full sphere, as considered in the recent work of Dunkerton and Scott on "PV staircases". It follows that the M-conserving PV reconfigurations studied by those authors must involve processes describable as PV unmixing, or anti-diffusion, in the sense of time-reversed diffusion. Ordinary jet self-sharpening and jet-core acceleration do not, by contrast, require unmixing, as is shown here by detailed analysis. Mixing in the jet flanks suffices. The theorem extends to multiple layers and continuous stratification. A corollary is a new nonlinear stability theorem for shear flows.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures; Final version, accepted by J. Atmos. Sci, in press
Pion in a Box
Creators: name: Bietenholz, W.
name: Göckeler, M.
name: Horsley, R.
name: Nakamura, Y.
name: Pleiter, D.
name: Rakow, P. E. L.
name: Schierholz, G.
name: Zanotti, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The residual mass of the pion in a finite spatial box at vanishing quark masses, the mass gap, is computed with two flavors of dynamical clover fermions. The result is compared with predictions of chiral perturbation theory in the delta regime.
description: Published version (Phys. Lett. B687 (2010) 410), appended by some additional derivations; 11 pages, 6 figures
A new model for the crust in the vicinity of Vancouver Island
Creators: name: Tseng, Kuang-Hsing
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Seismic explosion data obtained by the Dominion Observatory in the Vancouver Island region from 1953 to 1963 have been restudied by both the travel-time and the time-term methods. From the first method, a new four layer model crust was constructed: In addition to the sedimentary, a granitic, and basaltic layers, suggested by White (1962), an ultrabasic layer of more than 22 km in thickness and Vp = 7.1 km/sec was recognized. From the time-term method, this layer structure was supported and the possibility of a major structural feature running across the island is suggested by the faults on each side and the gravity anomaly extending between them. The Mohorovicic discontinuity was not observed. A possibility interpretation of the abnormal character is given, and the complementary gravity and geomagnetic depth sounding evidence presented.
Negative vacuum energy densities and the causal diamond measure
Creators: name: Salem, Michael P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Arguably a major success of the landscape picture is the prediction of a small, non-zero vacuum energy density. The details of this prediction depends in part on how the diverging spacetime volume of the multiverse is regulated, a question that remains unresolved. One proposal, the causal diamond measure, has demonstrated many phenomenological successes, including predicting a distribution of positive vacuum energy densities in good agreement with observation. In the string landscape, however, the vacuum energy density is expected to take positive and negative values. We find the causal diamond measure gives a poor fit to observation in such a landscape -- in particular, 99.6% of observers in galaxies seemingly just like ours measure a vacuum energy density smaller than we do, most of them measuring it to be negative.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures; v2: minor error fixed (results essentially unchanged), reference added; v3: published version, includes a few clarifications
Large-J approach to strongly coupled spin-orbital systems
Creators: name: Chern, Gia-Wei
name: Perkins, Natalia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel approach to study the ground state and elementary excitations in compounds where spins and orbitals are entangled by on-site relativistic spin-orbit interaction. The appropriate degrees of freedom are localized states with an effective angular momentum J. We generalize J to arbitrary large values while maintaining the delicate spin-orbital entanglement. After projecting the inter-site exchange interaction to the manifold of effective spins, a systematic 1/J expansion of the effective Hamiltonian is realized using the Holstein-Primakoff transformation. Applications to representative compounds Sr2IrO4 and particularly vanadium spinels AV2O4 are discussed.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures