cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the Cosmic Number Continued
Creators: name: Smith, John
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 20203 Particle Physics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Quantum Mechanics
subject: 10101 Algebra and Number Theory
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Richard Feynman: "There is a most profound and beautiful question associated with the observed coupling constant, e - the amplitude for a real electron to emit or absorb a real photon. It is a simple number that has been experimentally determined to be close to 0.08542455. (My physicist friends won't recognize this number, because they like to remember it as the inverse of its square: about 137.03597 with about an uncertainty of about 2 in the last decimal place. It has been a mystery ever since it was discovered more than fifty years ago, and all good theoretical physicists put this number up on their wall and worry about it.) Immediately you would like to know where this number for a coupling comes from: is it related to pi or perhaps to the base of natural logarithms? Nobody knows. It's one of the greatest damn mysteries of physics: a magic number that comes to us with no understanding by man. You might say the "hand of G-d" wrote that number, and "we don't know how He pushed his pencil." We know what kind of a dance to do experimentally to measure this number very accurately, but we don't know what kind of dance to do on the computer to make this number come out, without putting it in secretly!" In this note, a "computational dance" from which this number emerges without any need to put it in secretly is identified...
Improving deep learning with prior knowledge and cognitive models: A survey on enhancing explainability, adversarial robustness and zero-shot learning
Creators: name: Mumuni, Fuseinin
name: Mumuni, Alhassan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We review current and emerging knowledge-informed and brain-inspired cognitive systems for realizing adversarial defenses, eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), and zero-shot or few-short learning. Data-driven deep learning models have achieved remarkable performance and demonstrated capabilities surpassing human experts in many applications. Yet, their inability to exploit domain knowledge leads to serious performance limitations in practical applications. In particular, deep learning systems are exposed to adversarial attacks, which can trick them into making glaringly incorrect decisions. Moreover, complex data-driven models typically lack interpretability or explainability, i.e., their decisions cannot be understood by human subjects. Furthermore, models are usually trained on standard datasets with a closed-world assumption. Hence, they struggle to generalize to unseen cases during inference in practical open-world environments, thus, raising the zero- or few-shot generalization problem. Although many conventional solutions exist, explicit domain knowledge, brain-inspired neural network and cognitive architectures offer powerful new dimensions towards alleviating these problems. Prior knowledge is represented in appropriate forms and incorporated in deep learning frameworks to improve performance. Brain-inspired cognition methods use computational models that mimic the human mind to enhance intelligent behavior in artificial agents and autonomous robots. Ultimately, these models achieve better explainability, higher adversarial robustness and data-efficient learning, and can, in turn, provide insights for cognitive science and neuroscience-that is, to deepen human understanding on how the brain works in general, and how it handles these problems.
Deformed Cartan matrices and generalized preprojective algebras I: Finite type
Creators: name: Fujita, Ryo
name: Murakami, Kota
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16G20, 17B37, 16W50, 17B67, 81R50

description: We give an interpretation of the $(q,t)$-deformed Cartan matrices of finite type and their inverses in terms of bigraded modules over the generalized preprojective algebras of Langlands dual type in the sense of Geiß-Leclerc-Schröer [Invent. math. 209 (2017)]. As an application, we compute the first extension groups between the generic kernels introduced by Hernandez-Leclerc [J. Eur. Math. Soc. 18 (2016)], and propose a conjecture that their dimensions coincide with the pole orders of the normalized $R$-matrices between the corresponding Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules.
description: 41 pages, v3: changed the title, minor corrections and added explanations, updated references
Nuclear charge radii of Na isotopes: A tale of two theories
Creators: name: Ohayon, B.
name: Ruiz, R. F. Garcia
name: Sun, Z. H.
name: Hagen, G.
name: Papenbrock, T.
name: Sahoo, B. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accuracy of atomic theory calculations limits the extraction of nuclear charge radii from isotope shift measurements of odd-proton nuclei. For Na isotopes, though precise spectroscopic measurements have existed since more than half a century, calculations by different methods offer a wide range of values. Here, we present accurate atomic calculations to reliably extract the Na charge radii. By combining experimental matter radii with nuclear coupled-cluster calculations based on nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon forces, we constrain the parameters obtained from the atomic calculations. Therefore, this study guides atomic theory and highlights the importance of using accurate atomic and nuclear computations in our understanding of the size of light nuclei.
On the Effect of Surface Friction and Upward Radiation of Energy on Equatorial Waves
Creators: name: Lin, Jonathan
name: Emanuel, Kerry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In theoretical models of tropical dynamics, the effects of both surface friction and upward wave radiation through interaction with the stratosphere are oft-ignored, as they greatly complicate mathematical analysis. In this study, we relax the rigid-lid assumption and impose surface drag, which allows the barotropic mode to be excited in equatorial waves. In particular, a previously developed set of linear, strict quasi-equilibrium tropospheric equations is coupled with a dry, passive stratosphere, and surface drag is added to the troposphere momentum equations. Theoretical and numerical model analysis is performed on the model in the limits of an inviscid surface coupled to a stratosphere, as well as a frictional surface under a rigid-lid. This study confirms previous research that shows the presence of a stratosphere strongly shifts the growth rates of fast propagating equatorial waves to larger scales, reddening the equatorial power spectrum. The growth rates of modes that are slowly propagating and highly interactive with cloud-radiation are shown to be negligibly affected by the presence of a stratosphere. Surface friction in this model framework acts as purely a damping mechanism and increases the poleward extent of the equatorial waves through barotropic vorticity generation. Numerical solutions of the coupled troposphere-stratosphere model with surface friction also show that the barotropic mode can be tropospherically trapped when excited by surface friction but in the presence of a highly stratified stratosphere. The superposition of phase-shifted barotropic and first baroclinic modes is also shown to lead to an eastward vertical tilt in the dynamical fields of Kelvin-wave like modes.
Observations of cold extragalactic gas clouds at $z = 0.45$ towards PKS 1610-771
Creators: name: Weng, Simon
name: Sadler, Elaine M.
name: Foster, Caroline
name: Peroux, Céline
name: Mahony, Elizabeth K.
name: Allison, James R.
name: Moss, Vanessa A.
name: Su, Renzhi
name: Whiting, Matthew T.
name: Yoon, Hyein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from MUSE observations of a 21-cm HI absorption system detected with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder radio telescope at redshift $z = 0.4503$ towards the $z = 1.71$ quasar PKS 1610-771. We identify four galaxies (A, B, X and Y) at the same redshift as the 21-cm H I Damped Lyman-α (DLA) absorption system, with impact parameters ranging from less than 10 kpc to almost 200 kpc from the quasar sightline. Ca II and Na I absorption is seen in the MUSE spectrum of the background QSO, with velocities coinciding with the initial HI 21-cm detection, but tracing less dense and warmer gas. This metal-line component aligns with the rotating ionised disc of galaxy B (impact parameter 18 kpc from the QSO) and appears to be co-rotating with the galaxy disc. In contrast, the 21-cm HI absorber is blueshifted relative to the galaxies nearest the absorber and has the opposite sign to the velocity field of galaxy B. Since galaxies A and B are separated by only 17 kpc on the sky and $70$ km s$^{-1}$ in velocity, it appears likely that the 21-cm detection traces extragalactic clouds of gas formed from their interaction. This system reveals that the cold 100 K neutral gas critical for star formation can be associated with complex structures beyond the galaxy disc, and is a first case study made in preparation for future large 21-cm absorption surveys like the ASKAP First Large Absorption Survey in HI.
description: Accepted. 13 pages, 7 figures
Particle Size and Morphological Effects on Surface Catalysis with ZIF-8
Creators: name: Linder-Patton, Oliver
name: Sumby, Christopher
name: Doonan, Christian
name: Sumida, Kenji
Publisher: name: The University of Adelaide
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 30399 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30302 Nanochemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry
subject: 30306 Synthesis of Materials
subject: 30207 Transition Metal Chemistry

description: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of versatile, highly porous materials whose structure and modifiable internal (pore)/external (surface) chemical environments make them amenable for a wide range of applications including gas storage and catalysis. [1] Recently, particle size has been shown to impact the physical and structural properties of MOFs; therefore careful consideration of the particle size and surface chemistry of MOFs must considered when examining a MOF for a specific application. [2] MOFs have been utilised for a number of heterogeneous catalytic pathways, but few studies have focused on the interplay of particle size and the surface chemistry of MOFs on their catalytic activity. This contribution will present a recent project focused on surface catalysis with MOFs. Zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF-8) has shown potential for Lewis acid/base surface-catalysed reactions, for example the Knoevenagel condensation and transesterifcation of triglycerides for the production of biodiesel. [3] The impact of particle size and morphology on the catalysis of a transesterification reaction at the surface of ZIF-8 will be discussed. References [1] H. Furukawa, K. E. Cordova, M. O'Keeffe and O. M. Yaghi, Science, 2013, 341, 974. [2] a) O. M. Linder-Patton, W. M. Bloch, C. J. Coghlan, K. Sumida, S. Kitagawa, S. Furukawa, C. J. Doonan, C. J. Sumby, CrystEngComm, 2016, 18, 4172-4179. b) Y. Sakata, S. Furukawa, M. Kondo, K. Hirai, N. Horike, Y. Takashima, H. Uehara, N. Louvain, M. Meilikho, T. Tsuruoka, S. Isoda, W. Kosaka, O. Sakata, S. Kitagawa, Science, 2013, 339, 193-196. [3] a) U. P. N. Tran, K. K. A. Le, , N. T. S. Phan, ACS Catalysis, 2011, 1, 120-127. b) C. l. Chizallet, S. Lazare, D. Bazer-Bachi, F. Bonnier, V. Lecocq, E. Soyer, A.-A. Quoineaud, N. Bats, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132, 12365-12377.
The War For Talent - the British Army's Strategy
Creators: name: Sherrard, Paddy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 150305 Human Resources Management
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The British Army must nurture its future generals from its cadets as it cannot buy talent from elsewhere. This ‘War for Talent’ is being fought on two fronts: firstly, the military talent is being targeted by civilian employers (pull); and secondly, officers leave due to decreasing remuneration amongst other factors (push). Like many organisations, the British Army has not yet defined ‘talent’ or ‘talent management’, which has meant that much of the career management practice has been obfuscated and is not trusted by its officers. The annual Appraisal Report is the cornerstone of the Army’s career management and is based on a subjective report by the officer’s chain of command. However, only 49% and 47% of officers believe in the fairness of the appraisal and promotion systems respectively, which contributes to the fact that 46% of officers are satisfied with the way that their careers are being managed. Could a shift away from this subjective process increase retention? In initial officer selection, candidates are assessed through physical and cognitive psychometric tests, the results of which have traditionally been kept within the recruiting organisation and have not been used beyond initial selection in either training or for career management. The research will determine the validity of existing measures of personal attributes for predicting future performance and potential.
On the Cosmic Number
Creators: name: Smith, John
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 20203 Particle Physics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Quantum Mechanics
subject: 10101 Algebra and Number Theory
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Richard Feynman: "There is a most profound and beautiful question associated with the observed coupling constant, e - the amplitude for a real electron to emit or absorb a real photon. It is a simple number that has been experimentally determined to be close to 0.08542455. (My physicist friends won't recognize this number, because they like to remember it as the inverse of its square: about 137.03597 with about an uncertainty of about 2 in the last decimal place. It has been a mystery ever since it was discovered more than fifty years ago, and all good theoretical physicists put this number up on their wall and worry about it.) Immediately you would like to know where this number for a coupling comes from: is it related to pi or perhaps to the base of natural logarithms? Nobody knows. It's one of the greatest damn mysteries of physics: a magic number that comes to us with no understanding by man. You might say the "hand of G-d" wrote that number, and "we don't know how He pushed his pencil." We know what kind of a dance to do experimentally to measure this number very accurately, but we don't know what kind of dance to do on the computer to make this number come out, without putting it in secretly!" In this note, a "computational dance" from which this number emerges without any need to put it in secretly is identified...
LSTM-Based Text Generation: A Study on Historical Datasets
Creators: name: Hussein, Mustafa Abbas Hussein
name: Savaş, Serkan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents an exploration of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks in the realm of text generation, focusing on the utilization of historical datasets for Shakespeare and Nietzsche. LSTMs, known for their effectiveness in handling sequential data, are applied here to model complex language patterns and structures inherent in historical texts. The study demonstrates that LSTM-based models, when trained on historical datasets, can not only generate text that is linguistically rich and contextually relevant but also provide insights into the evolution of language patterns over time. The finding presents models that are highly accurate and efficient in predicting text from works of Nietzsche, with low loss values and a training time of 100 iterations. The accuracy of the model is 0.9521, indicating high accuracy. The loss of the model is 0.2518, indicating its effectiveness. The accuracy of the model in predicting text from the work of Shakespeare is 0.9125, indicating a low error rate. The training time of the model is 100, mirroring the efficiency of the Nietzsche dataset. This efficiency demonstrates the effectiveness of the model design and training methodology, especially when handling complex literary texts. This research contributes to the field of natural language processing by showcasing the versatility of LSTM networks in text generation and offering a pathway for future explorations in historical linguistics and beyond.
Global well posedness for a Q-tensor model of nematic liquid crystals
Creators: name: Murata, Miho
name: Shibata, Yoshihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q30, 76D05

description: In this paper, we prove the global well posedness and the decay estimates for a $\mathbb Q$-tensor model of nematic liquid crystals in $\mathbb R^N$, $N \geq 3$. This system is coupled system by the Navier-Stokes equations with a parabolic-type equation describing the evolution of the director fields $\mathbb Q$. The proof is based on the maximal $L_p$ -$L_q$ regularity and the $L_p$ -$L_q$ decay estimates to the linearized problem.
description: 29 pages
Wikipedia at the Royal Society: The Good, the Bad & the Ugly
Creators: name: Hull, Duncan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Astrophysics
subject: 20203 Particle Physics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wikipedia has a troubled relationship with scientists and their science. Many scientists are wary of editing Wikipedia and reluctant to contribute their knowledge to it, despite its global reach. Consequently, Wikipedia's coverage of Science is very variable with many notable scientists work either completely absent or poorly described.
There are several WikiProjects that are tackling these problems across Science, including in Computational Biology, Medicine, Cell Biology, Physiology and Women Scientists.
This talk will describe how the WikiProject Royal Society has addressed these issues, through its Wikipedian in Residence scheme. We will examine the outcomes of the project as well as the challenges that remain for this ongoing collaboration between the Royal Society and Wikimedia UK.
We will discuss the good, bad and "ugly" aspects of scientists Wiki-biographies (quick biographies in Wikipedia) and draw conclusions about improving coverage of Scientists, and their Science in Wikipedia using the resources of a learned academic society.
Speaker biography: Dr. Duncan Hull is a lecturer in the School of Computer Science at the University of Manchester who started editing Wikipedia in 2004. He helped setup the Wikipedian in Residence scheme at the Royal Society in 2012.
A cascaded deep network for automated tumor detection and segmentation in clinical PET imaging of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Creators: name: Ahamed, Shadab
name: Dubljevic, Natalia
name: Bloise, Ingrid
name: Gowdy, Claire
name: Martineau, Patrick
name: Wilson, Don
name: Uribe, Carlos F.
name: Rahmim, Arman
name: Yousefirizi, Fereshteh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate detection and segmentation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) from PET images has important implications for estimation of total metabolic tumor volume, radiomics analysis, surgical intervention and radiotherapy. Manual segmentation of tumors in whole-body PET images is time-consuming, labor-intensive and operator-dependent. In this work, we develop and validate a fast and efficient three-step cascaded deep learning model for automated detection and segmentation of DLBCL tumors from PET images. As compared to a single end-to-end network for segmentation of tumors in whole-body PET images, our three-step model is more effective (improves 3D Dice score from 58.9% to 78.1%) since each of its specialized modules, namely the slice classifier, the tumor detector and the tumor segmentor, can be trained independently to a high degree of skill to carry out a specific task, rather than a single network with suboptimal performance on overall segmentation.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables
Dynamic model of a non-equilibrium chemical composition formation in the shell of single neutron stars
Creators: name: Ignatovskiy, A. Yu.
name: Bisnovatyi-Kogan, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The process of a non-equilibrium chemical composition formation in the crust of a new born neutron star is considered, during cooling due to neutrino energy losses. A model is constructed for explaining accumulation of a large quantity of nuclear energy, which can maintain the X-ray luminosity of such compact objects for a long period of time. We studied numerically the dependence of the final chemical composition on various parameters of the model.
description: 17 pages, 18 figures
Memorandum of Understanding for Operation of the IPCC Data Distribution Centre
Creators: name: Juckes, Martin
name: Stockhause, Martina
name: Chen, Bob
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Climate data
IPCC

description: The Memorandum of Understanding commits the partners to working together to meet the objectives which have been set out for the DDC at the 47th session of the IPCC.
ORCID 2017 Community Survey Report
Creators: name: Meadows, Alice
name: Armstrong, David
name: Haak Laurel
name: Wilkinson, Laura J.
Publisher: name: ORCID
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This report provides key highlights from ORCID's 2017 community survey, carried out between May 31- July 14. The main focus was on ORCID users and around 2,500 responses were received. The full dataset is also available (see references).
On the Accuracy of Underground Muon Intensity Calculations
Creators: name: Fedynitch, Anatoli
name: Woodley, William
name: Piro, Marie-Cecile
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic ray muons detected by deep underground and underwater detectors have served as an information source on the high-energy cosmic ray spectrum and hadronic interactions in air showers for almost a century. The theoretical interest in underground muons has nearly faded because space-borne experiments probe the cosmic ray spectrum more directly, and accelerators provide precise measurements of hadron yields. However, underground muons probe unique hadron interaction energies and phase space, which are still inaccessible to present accelerator experiments. The cosmic ray nucleon energies reach the hundred-TeV and PeV ranges, which are barely accessible with space-borne experiments. Our new calculation combines two modern computational tools: MCEq, for surface muon fluxes, and PROPOSAL, for underground transport. We demonstrate excellent agreement with measurements of cosmic ray muon intensities underground within estimated errors. Beyond that, the precision of historical data turns out to be significantly smaller than our error estimates. This result shows that the sources of high-energy atmospheric lepton flux uncertainties at the surface or underground can be significantly constrained without taking more data or building new detectors. The reduction of uncertainties can be expected to impact data analyses at large-volume neutrino telescopes and for the design of future ton-scale direct dark matter detectors.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ. Added references and new figure in Section 4
The time-identity tradeoff
Creators: name: Shnerb, Nadav M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Distinguishability plays a major role in quantum and statistical physics. When particles are identical their wave function must be either symmetric or antisymmetric under permutations and the number of microscopic states, which determines entropy, is counted up to permutations. When the particles are distinguishable, wavefunctions have no symmetry and each permutation is a different microstate. This binary and discontinuous classification raises a few questions: one may wonder what happens if particles are almost identical, or when the property that distinguishes between them is irrelevant to the physical interactions in a given system. Here I sketch a general answer to these questions. For any pair of non-identical particles there is a timescale, $τ_d$, required for a measurement to resolve the differences between them. Below $τ_d$, particles seem identical, above it - different, and the uncertainty principle provides a lower bound for $τ_d$. Thermal systems admit a conjugate temperature scale, $T_d$. Above this temperature the system appears to equilibrate before it resolves the differences between particles, below this temperature the system identifies these differences before equilibration. As the physical differences between particles decline towards zero, $τ_d \to \infty$ and $T_d \to 0$.
AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR3: the impact of estimator statistics on the luminosity-mass scaling relation
Creators: name: Smit, Merijn
name: Dvornik, Andrej
name: Radovich, Mario
name: Kuijken, Konrad
name: Maturi, Matteo
name: Moscardini, Lauro
name: Sereno, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As modern-day precision cosmology aims for statistical uncertainties of the percent level or lower, it becomes increasingly important to reconsider estimator assumptions at each step of the process, and their consequences on the statistical variability of the scientific results. We compare $L^1$ regression statistics to the weighted mean, the canonical $L^2$ method based on Gaussian assumptions, for inference of the weak gravitational shear signal from a catalog of background ellipticity measurements around a sample of clusters, in many recent analyses a standard step in the process. We use the shape measurements of background sources around 6925 AMICO clusters detected in the KiDS 3rd data release. We investigate the robustness of our results and the dependence of uncertainties on the signal-to-noise ratios of the background source detections. Using a halo model approach, we derive lensing masses from the estimated excess surface density profiles. The highly significant shear signal allows us to study the scaling relation between the $r$-band cluster luminosity $L_{200}$, and the derived lensing mass $M_{200}$. We show the results of the scaling relations derived in 13 bins in $L_{200}$, with a tightly constrained power law slope of $\sim 1.24\pm 0.08$. We observe a small, but significant relative bias of a few percent in the recovered excess surface density profiles between the two regression methods, which translates to a $1σ$ difference in $M_{200}$. The efficiency of $L^1$ is at least that of the weighted mean, relatively increasing with higher signal-to-noise shape measurements. Our results indicate the relevance of optimizing the estimator for infering the gravitational shear from a distribution of background ellipticities. The interpretation of measured relative biases can be gauged by deeper observations, while increased computation times remain feasible.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables
Genesis of millet prices in Senegal: the role of production, markets and their failures
Creators: name: Jacques, Damien
name: D’Andrimont, Raphael
name: Radoux, Julien
name: Waldner, François
name: Marinho, Eduardo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 140201 Agricultural Economics
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Submission to D4D Challenge (December 2014).
ABSTRACTStaple prices are the main indicator of food access and a key determinant of the revenues of those living in agricultural zones. Differentials in prices between producing (low prices) and consuming (high prices) areas harm both groups and indicate the presence of market failures. In this study we model the millet prices formation process in Senegal in a spatially explicit model that accounts for both high transportation costs and information asymmetries. The model integrates a unique and diversified set of data in a framework that is coherent with the economic theory. The high ability of the model in reproducing the price differentials between 41 markets (R² > 80%) opens a new avenue for the research on market integration which (i) integrates production data derived from remote sensing, (ii) simulatesthe demand and supply at the local level and (iii) the arbitrage process between imperfectly integrated markets.
Additional file 2 of Morphological signs of connective tissue dysplasia as predictors of frequent post-exercise musculoskeletal disorders
Creators: name: Nikolenko, V. N.
name: Oganesyan, M. V.
name: Vovkogon, A. D.
name: Cao, Yu
name: Churganova, A. A.
name: Zolotareva, M. A.
name: Achkasov, E. E.
name: Sankova, M. V.
name: Rizaeva, N. A.
name: Sinelnikov, M. Y.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 2.
A slice classification neural network for automated classification of axial PET/CT slices from a multi-centric lymphoma dataset
Creators: name: Ahamed, Shadab
name: Xu, Yixi
name: Bloise, Ingrid
name: O, Joo H.
name: Uribe, Carlos F.
name: Dodhia, Rahul
name: Ferres, Juan L.
name: Rahmim, Arman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Automated slice classification is clinically relevant since it can be incorporated into medical image segmentation workflows as a preprocessing step that would flag slices with a higher probability of containing tumors, thereby directing physicians attention to the important slices. In this work, we train a ResNet-18 network to classify axial slices of lymphoma PET/CT images (collected from two institutions) depending on whether the slice intercepted a tumor (positive slice) in the 3D image or if the slice did not (negative slice). Various instances of the network were trained on 2D axial datasets created in different ways: (i) slice-level split and (ii) patient-level split; inputs of different types were used: (i) only PET slices and (ii) concatenated PET and CT slices; and different training strategies were employed: (i) center-aware (CAW) and (ii) center-agnostic (CAG). Model performances were compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and the area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC), and various binary classification metrics. We observe and describe a performance overestimation in the case of slice-level split as compared to the patient-level split training. The model trained using patient-level split data with the network input containing only PET slices in the CAG training regime was the best performing/generalizing model on a majority of metrics. Our models were additionally more closely compared using the sensitivity metric on the positive slices from their respective test sets.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
Additional file 1 of Morphological signs of connective tissue dysplasia as predictors of frequent post-exercise musculoskeletal disorders
Creators: name: Nikolenko, V. N.
name: Oganesyan, M. V.
name: Vovkogon, A. D.
name: Cao, Yu
name: Churganova, A. A.
name: Zolotareva, M. A.
name: Achkasov, E. E.
name: Sankova, M. V.
name: Rizaeva, N. A.
name: Sinelnikov, M. Y.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1.
Including relativistic and primordial Non-Gaussianity contributions in cosmological simulations by modifying the initial condition
Creators: name: Enríquez, Miguel
name: Hidalgo, Juan Carlos
name: Valenzuela, Octavio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method to implement relativistic corrections to the evolution of dark matter structures in Newtonian simulations of a LCDM universe via the initial conditions. We take the nonlinear correspondence between the Lagrangian (Newtonian) evolution of dark matter inhomogeneities and the synchronous-comoving (relativistic) matter density description, and use it to promote the relativistic constraint as the initial condition for numerical simulations of structure formation. In this case, the incorporation of Primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) contributions as initial conditions is straightforward. We implement the relativistic,fNL and gNLcontributions as initial conditions for the L-PICOLA code, and compute the power spectrum and bispectrum of the evolved matter field. We focus specifically on the case of largest values of non-Gaussianity allowed at 1-sigma by Planck observations(fNL=-4.2 and gNL=-7000). As a checkup, we show consistency with the one-loop perturbative prescription and with a fully relativistic simulation (GRAMSES) on the adequate scales. Our results confirm that both relativistic and PNG features are most prominent at very large scales and for squeezed triangulations. We discuss future prospects to probe these two contributions in the bispectrum of the matter density distribution
description: v2 major changes, conclusions are unmodified, version acceppted for publication JCAP
A unified accretion-ejection paradigm for black hole X-ray binaries. VI. Radiative efficiency and radio-X-ray correlation during four outbursts from GX339-4
Creators: name: Marcel, G.
name: Ferreira, J.
name: Petrucci, P-O.
name: Barnier, S.
name: Malzac, J.
name: Marino, A.
name: Coriat, M.
name: Clavel, M.
name: Reynolds, C.
name: Neilsen, J.
name: Belmont, R.
name: Corbel, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectral evolution of transient X-ray binaries can be reproduced by an interplay between two flows separated at a radius $R_J$: a standard accretion disk (SAD) in the outer parts and a jet-emitting disk (JED) in the inner parts. In the previous papers of this series, we recover the spectral evolution in both X-rays and radio for four outbursts of GX339-4 by playing independently with the two parameters: $R_J$ and the accretion rate $\dot{M}_{in}$. In this paper, we compare the time evolution of $R_J$ and $\dot{M}_{in}$ for the four outbursts. We show that despite the undeniable differences between the time evolution of each outburst, a unique pattern in the $\dot{M}_{in}-R_J$ plane seems to be followed by all cycles within the JED-SAD model. We call this pattern a fingerprint, and show that even the 'failed' outburst considered follows it. We also compute the radiative efficiency in X-rays during the cycles and consider its impact on the radio--X-ray correlation. Within the JED-SAD paradigm, we find that the accretion flow is always radiatively efficient in the hard states, with between $15\%$ and $40\%$ of the accretion power being radiated away at any given time. Moreover, we show that the radiative efficiency evolves with the accretion rate because of key changes in the JED thermal structure. These changes give birth to two different regimes with different radiative efficiencies: the thick disk and the slim disk. While the existence of these two regimes is intrinsically linked to the JED-SAD model, we show direct observational evidence of the presence of two different regimes using the evolution of the X-ray power-law spectral index, a model-independent estimate. We then argue that these two regimes could be the origin of the gap in X-ray luminosity in the hard state, the wiggles and different slopes seen in the radio--X-ray correlation, and even the existence of outliers.
description: replaced after language editing
title: Models for Dispersion in Flow Injection Analysis. Part 2. The Two Tanks in Parallel Model
Creators: name: Tyson, Julian
name: Stone, D. C.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Flow injection
subject: dispersion
subject: flow models
subject: well stirred tank
subject: two tanks in parallel
subject: Chemistry

description: The application of two models based on the stirred mixing tanks, the well stirred tank and the two tanks in parallel models, is discussed, and results are presented for flow manifolds with both flame atomic absorption spectrometric and solution spectrophotometric detectors. Both models can be applied to the description of the dispersion generated by the nebuliser/spray chamber of a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. They can also be applied to flow injection manifolds under conditions giving rise to peaks having exponential-like rise and fall curves.
Effective actions and bubble nucleation from holography
Creators: name: Ares, Fëanor Reuben
name: Henriksson, Oscar
name: Hindmarsh, Mark
name: Hoyos, Carlos
name: Jokela, Niko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the computation of the quantum effective action of strongly interacting field theories using holographic duality, and its use to determine quasi-equilibrium parameters of first order phase transitions relevant for gravitational wave production. A particularly simple holographic model is introduced, containing only the metric and a free massive scalar field. Despite the simplicity, the model contains a rich phase diagram, including first order phase transitions at non-zero temperature, due to various multi-trace deformations. We obtain the leading terms in the effective action from homogeneous black brane solutions in the gravity dual, and linearised perturbations around them. We then employ the effective action to construct bubble and domain wall solutions in the field theory side and study their properties. In particular, we show how the scaling of the effective action with the effective number of degrees of freedom of the quantum field theory determines the corresponding scaling of gravitational wave parameters.
description: 40 pages, 17 figures
2021 Census of Interstellar, Circumstellar, Extragalactic, Protoplanetary Disk, and Exoplanetary Molecules
Creators: name: McGuire, Brett A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To date, 241 individual molecular species, comprised of 19 different elements, have been detected in the interstellar and circumstellar medium by astronomical observations. These molecules range in size from two atoms to seventy, and have been detected across the electromagnetic spectrum from cm-wavelengths to the ultraviolet. This census presents a summary of the first detection of each molecular species, including the observational facility, wavelength range, transitions, and enabling laboratory spectroscopic work, as well as listing tentative and disputed detections. Tables of molecules detected in interstellar ices, external galaxies, protoplanetary disks, and exoplanetary atmospheres are provided. A number of visual representations of this aggregate data are presented and briefly discussed in context.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Supplements. Corrections and comments are strongly encouraged and extremely appreciated. See also https://github.com/bmcguir2/astromol. V2: Minor typo corrections and moved n-methylformamide to its rightful place in the detected section. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1809.09132
Phase shift, ellipticity, angle, and topological number in skyrmion lattices
Creators: name: Shimizu, Kotaro
name: Okumura, Shun
name: Kato, Yasuyuki
name: Motome, Yukitoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study skyrmion lattices realized in a Kondo lattice model on a triangular lattice, focusing on the phase, ellipticity, and angle of the constituent multiple-$Q$ waves. Analyzing the numerical data obtained in the previous study [Ozawa R, Hayami S and Motome Y 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 147205], we extract these parameters for the two types of skyrmion lattices with the skyrmion number of $1$ and $2$. We show that the topological transition between the two skyrmion lattices driven by an external magnetic field is accompanied by significant modulations of all three parameters.
Enantioselective chiral orientation induced by a combination of a long and a short laser pulse
Creators: name: Xu, Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Enantioselective orientation of chiral molecules excited by a shaped picosecond laser pulse and a delayed femtosecond pulse is considered. Using quantum mechanical simulations, we demonstrate a strong field-free enantioselective orientation along the laser propagation direction. In addition, we use a classical model to reproduce the enantioselective orientation. Moreover, the analysis of the corresponding classical system allows understanding the qualitative features of the induced enantioselective orientation. The strong enantioselective orientation may be used for the separation of chiral enantiomers using inhomogeneous electrostatic fields.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Calculation of Gibbs partition function with imaginary time evolution on near-term quantum computers
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Keisuke
name: Shingu, Yuta
name: Endo, Suguru
name: Kawabata, Shiro
name: Watabe, Shohei
name: Nikuni, Tetsuro
name: Hakoshima, Hideaki
name: Matsuzaki, Yuichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Gibbs partition function is an important quantity in describing statistical properties of a system in thermodynamic equilibrium. There are several proposals to calculate the partition functions on near-team quantum computers. However, the existing schemes require many copies of the Gibbs states to perform an extrapolation for the calculation of the partition function, and these could be costly performed on the near-term quantum computers. Here, we propose an efficient scheme to calculate the Gibbs function with the imaginary time evolution. To calculate the Gibbs function of $N$ qubits, only $2N$ qubits are required in our scheme. After preparing Gibbs states with different temperatures by using the imaginary time evolution, we measure the overlap between them on a quantum circuit, and this allows us to calculate the Gibbs partition function.
Electrical conductivity in helical and conical magnetic states
Creators: name: Okumura, Shun
name: Morimoto, Takahiro
name: Kato, Yasuyuki
name: Motome, Yukitoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the electrical conductivity in a one-dimensional helimagnet whose spin texture changes from helimagnetic to conical magnetic, and to forced ferromagnetic state while increasing the magnetic field along the helical axis. We find that the conductivity in the helimagnetic state at zero field depends on the electron filling and the coefficient of the spin-charge coupling. We also find that the conductivity in the conical magnetic state changes nonlinearly to the applied field, and the magnetoresistance becomes negative and positive depending on the model parameters.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
title: Mallette pédagogique
title: pour effectuer la mission de coaching d’amélioration de la gestion des aires protégées et le développement du système d’information de l’observatoire des aires protégées et de la biodiversité du programme BIOPAMA (COMIT)
titleType: Subtitle
title: Mallette pédagogique
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Paolini, Carlo
name: Rakotobe, Domoina
name: Djossi, Donald Jomha
Publisher: name: Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature
Year: 2015

description: Version 1.2015
Ubiquitous [OII] Emission in Quiescent Galaxies at z ~ 0.85
Creators: name: Maseda, Michael V.
name: van der Wel, Arjen
name: Franx, Marijn
name: Bell, Eric F.
name: Bezanson, Rachel
name: Muzzin, Adam
name: Sobral, David
name: D'Eugenio, Francesco
name: Gallazzi, Anna
name: de Graaff, Anna
name: Leja, Joel
name: Straatman, Caroline
name: Whitaker, Katherine E.
name: Williams, Christina C.
name: Wu, Po-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using deep rest-frame optical spectroscopy from the Large Early Galaxy Astrophysical Census (LEGA-C) survey, conducted using VIMOS on the ESO Very Large Telescope, we systematically search for low-ionization [OII] 3726,3729 emission in the spectra of a mass-complete sample of z~0.85 galaxies. Intriguingly, we find that 59 percent of UVJ-quiescent (i.e. non star-forming) galaxies in the sample have ionized gas, as traced by [OII] emission, detected above our completeness limit of 1.5 Angstroms. The median stacked spectrum of the lowest equivalent width quiescent galaxies also shows [OII] emission. The overall fraction of sources with [OII] above our equivalent width limit is comparable to what we find in the low-redshift Universe from GAMA and MASSIVE, except perhaps at the highest stellar masses (log Mstar/Msol > 11.5). However, stacked spectra for the individual low-equivalent width systems uniquely indicates ubiquitous [OII] emission in the higher-z LEGA-C sample, with typical [OII] luminosities per unit stellar mass that are a factor of 3 larger than the lower-z GAMA sample. Star formation in these otherwise quiescent galaxies could play a role in producing the [OII] emission at higher-z, although it is unlikely to provide the bulk of the ionizing photons. More work is required to fully quantify the contributions of evolved stellar populations or active galactic nuclei to the observed spectra.
description: ApJ accepted: 16 pages, 11 figures