cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Anisotropy of incommensurate spin and charge fluctuations in detwinned YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+δ}$
Creators: name: Zhou, T.
name: Li, Jian-Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by a recent neutron scattering experiment on detwinned YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+δ}$ superconductor, we examine the frequency and doping dependence of the anisotropy in the spin and charge fluctuation arising from the coupling between the plane and the chain. Starting from the two-dimensional $t$-$t^{'}$-$J$ model and using the random-phase approximation (RPA), we find a pronounced anisotropy of the incommensurate (IC) peaks in the spin channel, namely the peak intensity at the $(π\pmδ,π)$ direction is stronger than that at the $(π,π\pmδ)$ direction in a wide frequency range from $ω=0.2J$ to the resonance frequency $ω_r=0.35J$. Above the resonance frequency, the IC peaks reemerge. Their intensities shift to the diagonal direction and no anisotropy exists along the two diagonal directions. We find that this anisotropy is robust with respect to the possible variation of the RPA correction factor and to the dopings. The charge fluctuation is also found to be incommensurate for all energies considered and peak at $(0,δ)$ and $(δ,0)$. An anisotropy in its IC peak intensity along the $k_x$ and the $k_y$ direction exists, but in sharp contrast to the spin channel, the maximum intensity of the IC peak is along the $k_y$ direction. Moreover, the IC peak in the charge channel exhibits an upward dispersion, in contrast to the downward dispersion below the spin resonance frequency for the spin IC peak. We explain these features based on the effect of the plane-chain coupling on the topology of the Fermi surface.
description: 8 pages
The high energy spectrum of internal positrons from radiative muon capture on nuclei
Creators: name: Plestid, Ryan
name: Hill, Richard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Mu2e and COMET collaborations will search for nucleus-catalyzed muon conversion to positrons ($μ^-\rightarrow e^+$) as a signal of lepton number violation. A key background for this search is radiative muon capture where either: 1) a real photon converts to an $e^+ e^-$ pair "externally" in surrounding material, or 2) a virtual photon mediates the production of an $e^+e^-$ pair "internally". If the $e^+$ has an energy approaching the signal region then it can serve as an irreducible background. In this work we describe how the near end-point internal positron spectrum can be related to the real photon spectrum from the same nucleus, which encodes all non-trivial nuclear physics.
description: 7 pages + 7 pages appendix, 4 figures | Error bands added to figures, algebraic error in appendix A corrected (only influences error estimates)
Effect of ferroelectric layers on the magnetocapacitance properties of superlattices-based oxide multiferroics
Creators: name: Singh, M. P.
name: Prellier, W.
name: Mechin, L.
name: Prellier, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A series of superlattices composed of ferromagnetic La$_{0.7}$Ca$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$ (LCMO) and ferroelectric/paraelectric Ba$_{1-x}$Sr$_x$TiO$_3$ (0$\leq $x$\leq $1) were deposited on SrTiO$_3$ substrates using the pulsed laser deposition. Films of epitaxial nature comprised of spherical mounds having uniform size are obtained. Magnetotransport properties of the films reveal a ferromagnetic Curie temperature in the range of 145-158 K and negative magnetoresistance as high as 30%, depending on the type of ferroelectric layers employed for their growth (\QTR{it}{i.e.} '\QTR{it}{x'} value). Ferroelectricity at temperatures ranging from 55 K to 105 K is also observed, depending on the barium content. More importantly, the multiferroic nature of the film is determined by the appearance of negative magnetocapacitance, which was found to be maximum around the ferroelectric transition temperature (3% per \QTR{it}{tesla}). These results are understood based on the role of the ferroelectric/paraelectric layers and strains in inducing the multiferroism.
description: Accepted to Applied Physics Letters
Removing Distortions in the U.S. Ethanol Market: What Does It Imply for the United States and Brazil?
Creators: name: Elobeid, Amani E.
name: Tokgoz, Simla
name: Elobeid, Amani E.
name: Tokgoz, Simla
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: biofuels
subject: ethanol
subject: renewable fuels
subject: trade liberalization

description: We analyze the impact of trade liberalization and removal of the federal tax credit in the United States on U.S. and Brazilian ethanol markets using a multi-market international ethanol model calibrated on 2005 market data and policies. The removal of trade distortions induces a 23.9 percent increase in the price of world ethanol on average between 2006 and 2015 relative to the baseline. The U.S. domestic ethanol price decreases by 13.6 percent, which results in a 7.2 percent decline in production and a 3.8 percent increase in consumption. The lower domestic price leads to a 3.7 percent rise in the share of fuel ethanol in gasoline consumption. U.S. net ethanol imports increase by 199 percent. Brazil responds to the higher world ethanol price by increasing its production by 9.1 percent on average. Total ethanol consumption in Brazil decreases by 3.3 percent and net exports increase by 64 percent relative to the baseline. The higher ethanol price leads to a 4.9 percent increase in the share of sugarcane used in ethanol production. The removal of trade distortions and 51¢ per gallon tax credit to refiners blending ethanol induces a 16.5 percent increase in the world ethanol price.
Pathway Forward for Responsible Generative AI Implementation in Healthcare
Creators: name: Maddipoti, Anish
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Generative AI
Large Language Models
Healthcare

description: This thesis explores a pathway forward for responsible generative AI implementation in healthcare. It analyzes existing use cases and gathers stakeholder perspectives to reveal tensions between innovation opportunities and ethical risks of large language models (LLMs). The thesis proposes a practical framework built on objectives of data stewardship, oversight, access equity and transparency to integrate these technologies ethically. It examines assessing alignment, requirements, integration approaches and psychological readiness across health systems. With context-specific governance that can earn stakeholder trust, generative AI will enhance care coordination, outcomes, and clinical knowledge while still upholding patient interests. This thesis provides ideas to promote judicious innovation that increases healthcare access, efficiency and insights while mitigating potential pitfalls. In summary, it charts a framework for leveraging the promise of LLMs to improve medicine, through collaborative policies upholding safety, ethics and human-centric values amidst rapid technological advancement.
Assessment of gait spatio-temporal parameters in neurological disorders using wearable inertial sensors
Creators: name: Trojaniello, Diana <1986>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2015
Subjects: ING-INF/06 Bioingegneria elettronica e informatica

description: Movement analysis carried out in laboratory settings is a powerful, but costly solution since it requires dedicated instrumentation, space and personnel. Recently, new technologies such as the magnetic and inertial measurement units (MIMU) are becoming widely accepted as tools for the assessment of human motion in clinical and research settings. They are relatively easy-to-use and potentially suitable for estimating gait kinematic features, including spatio-temporal parameters.
The objective of this thesis regards the development and testing in clinical contexts of robust MIMUs based methods for assessing gait spatio-temporal parameters applicable across a number of different pathological gait patterns.
First, considering the need of a solution the least obtrusive as possible, the validity of the single unit based approach was explored. A comparative evaluation of the performance of various methods reported in the literature for estimating gait temporal parameters using a single unit attached to the trunk first in normal gait and then in different pathological gait conditions was performed. 
Then, the second part of the research headed towards the development of new methods for estimating gait spatio-temporal parameters using shank worn MIMUs on different pathological subjects groups. In addition to the conventional gait parameters, new methods for estimating the changes of the direction of progression were explored. Finally, a new hardware solution and relevant methodology for estimating inter-feet distance during walking was proposed. 
Results of the technical validation of the proposed methods at different walking speeds and along different paths against a gold standard were reported and showed that the use of two MIMUs attached to the lower limbs associated with a robust method guarantee a much higher accuracy in determining gait spatio-temporal parameters. 
In conclusion, the proposed methods could be reliably applied to various abnormal gaits obtaining in some cases a comparable level of accuracy with respect to normal gait.
The uses and abuses of boredom in the classroom
Creators: name: Yacek, Douglas W.
name: Gary, Kevin
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Aspiration
subject: Boredom
subject: Motivation
subject: Self-regulation
subject: 370
subject: Langeweile
subject: Selbstregulation
subject: Motivation
subject: Unterricht

description: Although the educational and psychological hazards of boredom are well documented, an increasing number of researchers have argued that boredom may be a helpful, rather than harmful, emotion for the growing individual. In this paper, we engage with this re-conception of boredom and explore its implications for contemporary education: Can boredom enhance student learning, or support certain forms of it? Can it be put to use in the classroom? What are the risks involved? In addressing these questions, we show that boredom can fulfil several important psychological functions under certain special conditions. At the same time, we argue that careful attention to the moral psychology of boredom reveals that it has significant disadvantages for helping students to develop a meaningful and fulfilling relationship to subject matter in the classroom. Against the backdrop of this analysis, we discuss the concept and experience of aspiration as a potential way of tempering and eventually obviating the psychological pitfalls of boredom. In the final section, we draw out several principles of an aspirational approach to grappling with boredom in education.
description: British educational research journal;49(1)
Budding and Domain Shape Transformations in Mixed Lipid Films and Bilayer Membranes
Creators: name: Harden, James L.
name: MacKintosh, Fred C.
name: Olmsted, Peter D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stability and shapes of domains with spontaneous curvature in fluid films and membranes, embedded in a surrounding membrane with zero spontaneous curvature. These domains can result from the inclusion of an impurity in a fluid membrane, or from phase separation within the membrane. We show that for small but finite line and surface tensions and for finite spontaneous curvatures, an equilibrium phase of protruding circular domains is obtained at low impurity concentrations. At higher concentrations, we predict a transition from circular domains, or "caplets", to stripes. In both cases, we calculate the shapes of these domains within the Monge representation for the membrane shape. With increasing line tension, we show numerically that there is a budding transformation from stable protruding circular domains to spherical buds. We calculate the full phase diagram, and demonstrate a two triple points, of respectively bud-flat-caplet and flat-stripe-caplet coexistence.
description: 14 pages, to appear in Phys Rev E
Afterwards: Disconnection, Alienation from Emotion, and the Post-Pandemic
Creators: name: Mansky, Alexander Jacob Urban
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Disconnection
Alienation
Internet
Social Media
Estrangement

description: This thesis is a long form piece of creative prose writing which explores disconnection in the post-pandemic digital age. The story itself is about a narrator who is attempting to free themselves from a strange amorphous depression, but their attempt to liberate themselves is guided by three characters which they invented: a tumblr era teenager named Darya, a depressed mother named Medha, and a depraved AI named CAM. The story attempts to uncover why levels of depression and anxiety in young people have skyrocketed alongside social media use. This thesis argues that the reason for the contemporary sense of doom is because of the manufactured but ultimately phony intimate moments ubiquitous in social media called illusory-intimacy. This fake intimacy has engendered an addiction to disengagement and disconnection from others and the world around us. Social media has some positive benefits like the encouragement of self reflection, as well as giving users access to new and imaginative forms of political and aesthetic expression. But this story is set after the social media landscape has been tilted to the extreme. The story attempts to demonstrate how the aspects of social media which offer exciting forms of self expression will simultaneously suck away the urge and the energy to imagine new ways of being. Especially when social media is oversaturated and reliant on algorithms and advertising. Ultimately this story aims to be a warning of the future and a reflection of the post-pandemic era. It attempts to show how the oversaturation of social media creates a void which has led many people to profound and deadly hopelessness.
Valuing a Spatially Diverse Non-Market Good: The Benefits of Reduced Non-Point Source Pollution in Green Bay, WI
Creators: name: Moore, Rebecca
name: Bishop, Richard C.
name: Provencher, Bill
name: Moore, Rebecca
name: Bishop, Richard C.
name: Provencher, Bill
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Water quality
subject: non-point source pollution
subject: contingent valuation
subject: spatial correlation

description: This article presents an empirical approach to correcting for spatial interactions in stated preference data when valuing large-scale, spatially variable environmental improvements. This approach is presented in the context of a contingent valuation study estimating the benefits of reduced non-point source pollution in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The significant spatial variation of water clarity conditions in this large water body was captured using satellite-derived GIS data. This article focuses on two significant challenges: first, ensuring respondents are adequately informed of how the proposed change will impact their individual utility stream; second, dealing with the spatial effects within the estimation model. The GIS water clarity data were used to measure the initial conditions faced by each individual parcel. Including this information in the analysis significantly increased the estimated expected WTP of some individuals but decreased that of others. Some of the difference in aggregated benefits is likely due to issues of spatial correlation between properties that is unaccounted for in the simpler models.
Constructing EUSeaMap. User Guide. Version 2
Creators: name: Vasquez, Mickaël
Publisher: name: EMODnet
Year: 2023

description: In the first two phases of EMODnet, the Seabed Habitats thematic project used a commercial software, namely ARCGISTM, to produce the pan-European broad-scale seabed habitat map, EUSeaMap. A key objective of Phase 3 (2017-2021) was to develop a new GIS workflow that is robust, repeatable and transferable across marine regions, and to implement this workflow in tools based on open source technologies. As a result, most of the workflow was implemented in the form of R scripts. For technical reasons, a small part had to be implemented in the form as an ArcGISTM ModelBuilder model. These tools were used to build versions 2019, 2021 and 2023 of EUSeaMap.
This technical guide is intended to help the reader learn how to use these tools. The vocabulary and concepts used in the document are defined and the GIS workflow is described. The purpose of the scripts is documented in detail, as well as what they require as input and what they produce as output. Step-by-step hands-on training is provided. However, it is important to note that this document is intended for advanced users, i.e. that a good knowledge of the methods used for EUSeaMap, which are described in other documents, is an essential prerequisite for understanding the document and the associated scripts.
HARMONY IN EDUCATION - NURTURING MINDS, FOSTERING SKILLS - A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF FORMAL EDUCATION IN JAPAN
Creators: name: Brandl, Edenilson
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Formal education
Japan
Innovative pedagogical approaches
Educational games
Technology integration
Teacher training
Emotional intelligence
Art education
Multilingualism
Skill development

description: This article provides a thorough examination of the formal education landscape in Japan, highlighting its transformative shifts and innovative pedagogical approaches. From the integration of educational games and technology to the emphasis on emotional intelligence, art education, and multilingualism, Japan's commitment to a well-rounded education is evident. The multifaceted strategy, encompassing teacher training, parental involvement, and skill development, reflects a holistic approach to prepare students for the challenges of the modern world. The article also addresses current challenges, such as technology integration, listening skills development, resilience education, and writing skills enhancement, showcasing Japan's proactive stance in adapting to evolving educational needs.

 

 

Dieser Artikel bietet eine gründliche Untersuchung der formalen Bildungslandschaft in Japan und beleuchtet ihre transformativen Veränderungen und innovativen pädagogischen Ansätze. Von der Integration von Lernspielen und Technologie bis hin zur Betonung emotionaler Intelligenz, Kunsterziehung und Mehrsprachigkeit ist Japans Engagement für eine umfassende Bildung offensichtlich. Die vielschichtige Strategie, die Lehrerausbildung, Einbeziehung der Eltern und Kompetenzentwicklung umfasst, spiegelt einen ganzheitlichen Ansatz wider, um Schüler auf die Herausforderungen der modernen Welt vorzubereiten. Der Artikel befasst sich auch mit aktuellen Herausforderungen wie Technologieintegration, Entwicklung von Hörfähigkeiten, Resilienzbildung und Verbesserung von Schreibfähigkeiten und zeigt Japans proaktive Haltung bei der Anpassung an sich verändernde Bildungsbedürfnisse.
Evaluating real-time scheduling techniques for multimedia services over ATM
Creators: name: Lam, Raymond Siu-Lun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In an ATM network, a single link may carry traffic for thousands of connections with different parameters and quality-of-service requirements. High-speed links, coupled with small cell size, require efficient schedulers that can handle cell arrivals and departures quickly. The design goals for bandwidth schedulers in ATM switches are presented, one crucial goal is the ability to guarantee service bandwidth to individual queues. Basically, scheduling algorithms can be divided into rate-based and schedule-based. Rate-based methods use a predefined set of allowable rates to allocate bandwidth to a connection, while schedule-based methods analyze the potential interactions between packets of different connections, and determine if there is any possibility of a deadline being missed. This thesis investigates the performances of various types of scheduling algorithms. In addition, we implement and simulate a rate-based algorithm called Self-Clocked Fair Queuing. We also investigate the feasibility of implementing such an algorithm. To determine the performance, we mainly look at two parameters: delay bound and jitter-delay bound. Several cases of traffic patterns are used in the simulations. Through the simulations, a bandwidth-coupling problem of SCFQ is identified. This bandwidth-coupling problem in SCFQ occurs because low bandwidth connections suffer a long delay and jitter-delay. To solve this, we propose a SCFQ hybrid algorithm called JEDD-SCFQ. Not only does this algorithm handles low-bandwidth connection fairly, it also provides nominal delay guarantees to all other connections.
Effects of Market Power on the Size and Distribution of Subsidy Benefits: The Case of Ethanol Promotion
Creators: name: Saitone, Tina L.
name: Sexton, Richard J.
name: Sexton, Steven E.
name: Saitone, Tina L.
name: Sexton, Richard J.
name: Sexton, Steven E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The subject of market power is discussed frequently in debates about subsidies for ethanol production, and structural conditions in the industry create a prima-facie case for concerns about market power. This paper develops a prototype model for determining the production and price impacts and distribution of benefits from the U.S. ethanol subsidy when upstream sellers in the seed sector and downstream buyers in the processing sector may exercise market power. The impact of the subsidy is analyzed within a simulation framework for alternative levels of market power. Results demonstrate that the impacts on prices and output are limited for modest departures from competition. Distributional impacts are much greater. Seed producers and corn processors with market power are able to capture relatively large shares of the benefits from the subsidy. A perhaps surprising result is that upstream oligopoly power exercised by seed producers is prospectively as important in influencing the positive and distributional impacts of the subsidy as the much more frequently discussed and debated prospect that downstream corn processors may exercise buyer power.
A fluid os strings as a viable candidate to the dark side of the universe
Creators: name: Capozziello, S.
name: Cardone, V. F.
name: Lambiase, G.
name: Troisi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possibility that part of the dark matter is not made out of the usual cold dark matter (CDM) dustlike particles, but is under the form of a fluid of strings with barotropic factor $w_s = -1/3$ of cosmic origin. To this aim, we split the dark matter density parameter in two terms and investigate the dynamics of a spatially flat universe filled with baryons, CDM, fluid of strings and dark energy, modeling this latter as a cosmological constant or a negative pressure fluid with a constant equation of state $w < 0$. To test the viability of the models and to constrain their parameters, we use the Type Ia Supernovae Hubble diagram and the data on the gas mass fraction in galaxy clusters. We also discuss the weak field limit of a model comprising a significant fraction of dark matter in the form of a fluid of strings and show that this mechanism makes it possible to reduce the need for the elusive and up to now undetected CDM. We finally find that a model comprising both a cosmological constant and a fluid of strings fits very well the data and eliminates the need of phantom dark energy thus representing a viable candidate to alleviate some of the problems plaguing the dark side of the universe.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication on Int. J. Mod. Phys. D
Tax Deductible Spending, Environmental Policy, and the "Double Dividend" Hypothesis
Creators: name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Bento, Antonio M.
name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Bento, Antonio M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: environmental policies
subject: distortionary taxes
subject: tax deductions
subject: welfare effects

description: A number of recent studies have shown that the general equilibrium welfare effects of externality-correcting policies depend importantly on pre-existing taxes in the economy, particularly those that distort the labor market. This paper extends the prior literature by allowing for consumption goods that are deductible from labor taxes. These "goods" represent medical insurance, other less tangible fringe benefits, mortgage interest, and so on. The initial tax system effectively subsidizes tax-favored consumption relative to other consumption, in addition to distorting the labor market. We find that incorporating tax-favored consumption may overturn key results from earlier studies. In particular, a revenue-neutral pollution tax (or auctioned pollution permits) can produce a substantial "double dividend" by reducing both pollution and the costs of the tax system. The second dividend arises because the welfare gain from using environmental tax revenues to cut labor taxes is much larger when labor taxes also distort the choice among consumption goods. Indeed (ignoring environmental benefits) the overall costs of a revenue-neutral pollution tax are negative in our benchmark simulations, at least for pollution reductions up to 17 percent, and possibly up to 42 percent. In addition, we show that the presence of tax-favored consumption may dramatically increase the efficiency gain from using (revenue-neutral) emissions taxes (or auctioned emissions permits) over grandfathered emissions permits.
Alpha-determinant cyclic modules of $gl_n(C)$
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Sho
name: Wakayama, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The alpha-determinant unifies and interpolates the notion of the determinant and permanent. We determine the irreducible decomposition of the cyclic module of $gl_n(C)$ defined by the alpha-determinant. The degeneracy of the irreducible decomposition is determined by the content polynomial of a given partition.
description: 14 pages
Why we live in the Computational Universe
Creators: name: Fontana, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To better understand the deep significance of our best physical theories it could be interesting to compare our Universe with its models. It may happen that the differences between the model and reality can be made indistinguishable, to the point that it may seem acceptable to consider reality as a gigantic program, a 'mother computation' running in a Universal Computer. The computational interpretation of reality is here adopted for introducing concepts that are common in computer science, they may offer a new insight. For instance, code and memory usage optimization techniques are common in computer science because they improve the performances at a reduced hardware cost. According to the concepts discussed in this paper, the possibility of recognizing the effects of optimization rules in a physical reality will allow us to discriminate if our reality is fundamental or the result of a large computation. Conversely, code and memory optimization has side effects, if it is present in our Universe it can produce many interesting phenomena, some seem readily recognizable, others only wait to be discovered.
description: This is an excerpt from an article accepted by Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2006) February 12-16, 2006, Albuquerque Hilton Hotel. Space applications omitted. Title changed accordingly. 6 pages with 1 figure added for version 2
Measuring Ecosystem Service Benefits: The Use of Landscape Analysis to Evaluate Environmental Trades and Compensation
Creators: name: Boyd, James
name: Wainger, Lisa
name: Boyd, James
name: Wainger, Lisa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: ecosystem valuation
subject: wetlands
subject: spatial analysis
subject: landscape analysis

description: Ecosystem compensation and exchange programs require benefit analysis in order to guarantee that compensation or trades preserve the social benefits lost when ecosystems are destroyed or degraded. This study derives, applies, and critiques a set of ecosystem benefit indicators (EBIs). Organized around the concept of ecosystem services and basic valuation principles we show how GIS mappings of the physical and social landscape can improve understanding of the ecosystem benefits arising from specific ecosystems. The indicator system focuses on landscape factors that limit or enhance an ecosystem's ability to provide services and that limit or enhance the expected value of those services. The analysis yields an organized, descriptive, and numerical depiction of sites involved in specific mitigation projects. Indicator-based evaluations are applied to existing wetland mitigation projects in Florida and Maryland in order to practically illustrate the virtues and limitations of the approach.
A Social Scientist's Perspective on the Potential Benefits of the Census of Marine Life
Creators: name: Sanchirico, James N.
name: Sanchirico, James N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: biodiversity
subject: marine policy

description: Over 300 natural scientists in 53 nations are taking part in the Census of Marine Life (CoML) to investigate what lived, what lives, and what will live in the oceans. The CoML is a scientific experiment that is exploring the limits of ocean science. The paper discusses the potential applications of CoML research and the mechanisms by which the potential benefits can be measured and preserved. I recommend developing and integrating policy advisory committees with the natural science activities to both maximize the benefits of the research and to avoid unintended consequences.
Remarks on a five-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory of the massive Dirac monopole
Creators: name: Cotăescu, Ion I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Gross-Perry-Sorkin spacetime, formed by the Euclidean Taub-NUT space with the time trivially added, is the appropriate background of the Dirac magnetic monopole without an explicit mass term. One remarks that there exists a very simple five-dimensional metric of spacetimes carrying massive magnetic monopoles that is an exact solution of the vacuum Einstein equations. Moreover, the same isometry properties as the original Euclidean Taub-NUT space are preserved. This leads to an Abelian Kaluza-Klein theory whose metric appears as a combinations between the Gross-Perry-Sorkin and Schwarzschild ones. The asymptotic motion of the scalar charged test particles is discussed, now by accounting for the mixing between the gravitational and magnetic effects.
description: 7 pages
[Eastern Ojibwa notebook #1]
Creators: name: Bloomfield, Leonard
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: ojg
subject: Eastern Ojibwa language

description: Digital images of field notebook #1 containing vocabulary and grammatical notes. Recorded during Ojibwe Field Methods class at 1938 Linguistic Institute at University of Michigan. Last image is a note by John Nichols on the contents and chronological order of the Bloomfield notebooks.
Tailored Regulation: Will Voluntary Site-Specific Environmental Performance Standards Improve Welfare?
Creators: name: Blackman, Allen
name: Boyd, James
name: Blackman, Allen
name: Boyd, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: tailored regulation
subject: voluntary
subject: site-specific
subject: performance standards
subject: regulatory reform

description: Increasingly popular tailored regulation (TR) initiatives like EPA's Project XL allow plants to voluntarily substitute site-specific environmental performance standards for command-and-control regulations that dictate pollution abatement strategies. TR can significantly reduce participants' costs of complying with environmental regulations. But in doing so, it can also provide participants with a competitive advantage. We show that this can have undesirable welfare consequences when it enables relatively inefficient firms in oligopolistic markets to "steal" market share from more efficient firms. One critical determinant of whether or not TR has such adverse welfare impacts is the regulator's policy regarding the diffusion of TR agreements among non-participating firms.
Tax Rules, Land Development, and Open Space
Creators: name: Simpson, R. David
name: Simpson, R. David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: income tax
subject: property tax
subject: tax deductions
subject: use-value assessment
subject: ecosystem services
subject: open space
subject: conservation
subject: amenity value

description: Concern about "open space" is growing. Conservation advocates worry that private land use decision-makers preserve too little open space. Yet private land developers are deciding on their own to preserve open space in new developments because it provides amenities to purchasers of lots. Moreover, tax provisions provide incentives for preserving more open space than would be privately optimal. Many jurisdictions have adopted "use-value assessment" standards granting favorable tax treatment to lands maintained in open space. Also, donations of open space can be deducted from income in computing tax liabilities. Both factors may be empirically important, although tax deductibility may have larger conservation effects than does use-value assessment. These conclusions raise several unanswered questions: How important are tax incentives in practice? Do they motivate enough conservation of open space? Do tax incentives target the right conservation priorities?
Electrical transport measurements in the superconducting state of Bi2212 and Tl2201
Creators: name: Ozcan, S.
name: Turner, P. J.
name: Waldram, J. R.
name: Drost, R. J.
name: Kes, P. H.
name: Broun, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precise measurements of the in-plane microwave surface impedance of high-quality single crystals of Bi2212 and Tl2201 are used to probe the relaxation time of nodal quasiparticles in the d-wave superconducting state through a two-fluid analysis of the microwave conductivity. While this analysis requires us to posit a form for the frequency-dependent quasiparticle conductivity, we clearly demonstrate that the extraction of the relaxation rate is quite insensitive to the assumed shape of the quasiparticle spectrum. The robustness of the analysis is rooted in the oscillator-strength sum rule and the fact that we simultaneously measure the real and imaginary parts of the conductivity. In both Bi2212 and Tl2201 we infer a linear temperature dependence of the transport relaxation rate 1/tau and a small but finite zero-temperature intercept. The linear temperature dependence of 1/tau is in accord with expectations for weak elastic scattering in an unconventional superconductor with line nodes and a small residual density of states. The same analysis reveals an onset of inelastic scattering at higher temperatures similar to that seen in the YBCO superconductors. Finally we extrapolate the two-fluid model over a range of frequencies up to five times the measurement frequency, where the extrapolation predicts behaviour that is qualitatively similar to terahertz conductivity data on Bi2212 thin films. While relaxation rates in Bi2212 and Tl2201 are substantially higher than in YBCO there are qualitative similarities between all three materials, and the differences can likely be attributed to varying levels of static disorder. We therefore conclude that a universal picture of quasiparticle scattering in the cuprates is emerging.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
A control theory approach to optimal pandemic mitigation
Creators: name: Godara, Prakhar
name: Herminghaus, Stephan
name: Heidemann, Knut M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the framework of homogeneous susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) models, we use a control theory approach to identify optimal pandemic mitigation strategies. We derive rather general conditions for reaching herd immunity while minimizing the costs incurred by the introduction of societal control measures (such as closing schools, social distancing, lockdowns, etc.), under the constraint that the infected fraction of the population does never exceed a certain maximum corresponding to public health system capacity. Optimality is derived and verified by variational and numerical methods for a number of model cost functions. The effects of immune response decay after recovery are taken into account and discussed in terms of the feasibility of strategies based on herd immunity.
description: Error in Fig. 6 corrected (red curve for infinite immune response was flawed)
RNA sequencing of rat spinal motoneuron by Laser Capture Microdissection coupling Smart-seq2 (LCM-seq) after sciatic nerve crush
Creators: name: 杨建(Jian Yang)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2024
Subjects: Raw sequence reads
Transcriptome or Gene expression
Multiisolate

description: After sciatic nerve crush, peripheral axons of motoneurons could initiate regeneration for axon growth and reinnervation of neuromuscular junctions. To understand dynamic molecules of individual motoneurons (MNs) niches in situ responding sciatic nerve crush (0.5h, 3h, 12h, 1d, 3d and 7d), we employed laser capture microdissection to obtain ChAT+ cells from rat lumbar spinal cord (L4/5) coupled with Smart-seq2 in high-coverage depth (LCM-seq). Bioinformatic analyses and immunostaining of ATF3 showed partly injured MNs. Comparison of “injured and regenerating” MNs with the “intact” and/or naïve reveals numerous genes expressed or secreted by “injured and regenerating” to activate or enhance intrinsic axon growth or crosstalk with other cellular or non-cellular counterpart, specifically microglia/macrophage. Our study not only provides a vital and comprehensive resource, but also critical molecules for survival and axonal regeneration of axotomized motoneuron.
Discounting the Distant Future: How Much Do Uncertain Rates Increase Valuations?
Creators: name: Newell, Richard G.
name: Pizer, William A.
name: Newell, Richard G.
name: Pizer, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: discounting
subject: uncertainty
subject: interest rate forecasting
subject: climate policy
subject: intergenerational equity

description: Costs and benefits in the distant future-such as those associated with global warming, long-lived infrastructure, hazardous and radioactive waste, and biodiversity-often have little value today when measured with conventional discount rates. We demonstrate that when the future path of this conventional rate is uncertain and persistent (i.e., highly correlated over time), the distant future should be discounted at lower rates than suggested by the current rate. We then use two centuries of data on U.S. interest rates to quantify this effect. Using both random walk and mean-reverting models, we compute the certainty-equivalent rate that is, the single discount rate that summarizes the effect of uncertainty and measures the appropriate forward rate of discount in the future. Using the random walk model, which we consider more compelling, we find that the certainty-equivalent rate falls from 4%, to 2% after 100 years, 1% after 200 years, and 0.5% after 300 years. If we use these rates to value consequences at horizons of 400 years, the discounted value increases by a factor of over 40,000 relative to conventional discounting. Applying the random walk model to the consequences of climate change, we find that inclusion of discount rate uncertainty almost doubles the expected present value of mitigation benefits.
Automorphisms and forms of simple infinite-dimensional linearly compact Lie superalgebras
Creators: name: Cantarini, Nicoletta
name: Kac, Victor G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B65, 17B40

description: We describe the group of continuous automorphisms of all simple infinite-dimensional linearly compact Lie superalgebras and use it in order to classify F-forms of these superalgebras over any field F of characteristic zero.
description: 24 pages
Masksembles for Uncertainty Estimation
Creators: name: Durasov, Nikita
name: Bagautdinov, Timur
name: Baque, Pierre
name: Fua, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep neural networks have amply demonstrated their prowess but estimating the reliability of their predictions remains challenging. Deep Ensembles are widely considered as being one of the best methods for generating uncertainty estimates but are very expensive to train and evaluate. MC-Dropout is another popular alternative, which is less expensive, but also less reliable. Our central intuition is that there is a continuous spectrum of ensemble-like models of which MC-Dropout and Deep Ensembles are extreme examples. The first uses an effectively infinite number of highly correlated models while the second relies on a finite number of independent models. To combine the benefits of both, we introduce Masksembles. Instead of randomly dropping parts of the network as in MC-dropout, Masksemble relies on a fixed number of binary masks, which are parameterized in a way that allows to change correlations between individual models. Namely, by controlling the overlap between the masks and their density one can choose the optimal configuration for the task at hand. This leads to a simple and easy to implement method with performance on par with Ensembles at a fraction of the cost. We experimentally validate Masksembles on two widely used datasets, CIFAR10 and ImageNet.
Matter-wave solitons supported by dissipation
Creators: name: Alexandrescu, Adrian
name: Perez-Garcia, Victor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how novel types of long-lived self-localized matter waves can be constructed with Bose-Einstein condensates. The ingredients leading to such structures are a spatial phase generating a flux of atoms towards the condensate center and the dissipative mechanism provided by the inelastic three-body collisions in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. The outcome is an striking example of nonlinear structure supported by dissipation.
Online power system security classifier and enhancement control
Creators: name: De Arizon, Paloma
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Today, the stable and reliable operation of power systems is becoming increasingly difficult. While, on the one hand, due to regulatory reforms, an increasing number of merchant plants and co-generators are being connected to the network, on the other, the expansion of transmission systems has been increasingly difficult due to environmental and land issues. As a result, thousands of power flow schedules are changed hourly, complicating the systems operation. This scenario has rendered the traditional system operation criteria, based on off-line studies, inadequate to cope with the constantly changing nature, and online assessment techniques are becoming increasingly important. In this work, an approach based on "approximate reasoning techniques" is presented for the classification o f dynamic security conditions in the power system and for the selection of dynamic security enhancement strategies (preventive control actions). The algorithm proposed combines energy functions and sensitivities to find the "membership" of the system to the subsets that determine its security status, as well as, the "membership" of the different generators to specific control related subsets. The algorithm proposed combines energy functions and sensitivities, together with physical equipment limitations, to select the generators voltage and power output such that the required security level is met. The procedure uses optimisation methods for tuning the threshold values that describe the membership functions in order to obtain optimum preventive control strategies. The developed procedure was also designed to produce a simultaneous preventive control for a set of non-disjoint contingencies. Finally to enhance the speed of the algorithm a new and time-saving technique for efficient [Y[sub bus]] matrix evaluations was developed in this work. The results presented in the work show that the proposed method achieves the following objectives: a) A fast and accurate classification of the system security conditions. b) A classification that is flexible enough to allow the inclusion of other important parameters. c) The development of a stability enhancement strategy that produces a system that is secure for a wide range of credible contingencies. d) The development of a method that combines "firm" knowledge based on analytical solutions with "soft" expert system knowledge.
A Foundation for Ledger Structures
Creators: name: Nester, Chad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper introduces an approach to constructing ledger structures for cryptocurrency systems with basic category theory. Compositional theories of resource convertibility allow us to express the material history of virtual goods, and ownership is modelled by a free construction. Our notion of ownership admits an intuitive graphical representation through string diagrams for monoidal functors.
description: 15 pages, many figures