cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Image-driven discriminative and generative machine learning algorithms for establishing microstructure-processing relationships
Creators: name: Ma, Wufei
name: Kautz, Elizabeth
name: Baskaran, Arun
name: Chowdhury, Aritra
name: Joshi, Vineet
name: Yener, Bülent
name: Lewis, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We investigate methods of microstructure representation for the purpose of predicting processing condition from microstructure image data. A binary alloy (uranium-molybdenum) that is currently under development as a nuclear fuel was studied for the purpose of developing an improved machine learning approach to image recognition, characterization, and building predictive capabilities linking microstructure to processing conditions. Here, we test different microstructure representations and evaluate model performance based on the F1 score. A F1 score of 95.1% was achieved for distinguishing between micrographs corresponding to ten different thermo-mechanical material processing conditions. We find that our newly developed microstructure representation describes image data well, and the traditional approach of utilizing area fractions of different phases is insufficient for distinguishing between multiple classes using a relatively small, imbalanced original data set of 272 images. To explore the applicability of generative methods for supplementing such limited data sets, generative adversarial networks were trained to generate artificial microstructure images. Two different generative networks were trained and tested to assess performance. Challenges and best practices associated with applying machine learning to limited microstructure image data sets is also discussed. Our work has implications for quantitative microstructure analysis, and development of microstructure-processing relationships in limited data sets typical of metallurgical process design studies.
description: 14 pages, 15 figures
A production function analysis of commercial dairy farms in the Highlands of Eritrea using ridge regression
Creators: name: Ghebremariam, W.K.
name: Ortmann, Gerald F.
name: Nsahlai, I.V.
name: Ghebremariam, W.K.
name: Ortmann, Gerald F.
name: Nsahlai, I.V.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Production Economics

description: This study presents a production function analysis of fresh milk production in the Highlands of Eritrea, where most dairy farmers in Eritrea are located. To ensure representative production functions, this region was divided into three relatively homogenous study areas, namely Central Zone, Mendefera and Dekemhare. Most data for the study were collected in a survey of 120 respondents using a structured questionnaire. To obviate the problem of multicollinearity among explainatory variables, ridge regression was used to estimate milk production functions for each study area. Production elasticities of variable inputs, marginal products (MPx), values of marginal products (VMPx), marginal rates of input substitution (MRS) and least-cost combinations of purchased concentrates and forage were estimated for the three regions. The VMPs of all inputs for Central Zone dairy farmer respondents were estimated to be greater than their input prices, implying that the resources were under-utilized from a profit-maximising perspective (i.e. where VMPx = Px). However, respondents in Mendefera and Dekemhare used concentrates in excess of optimum levels (i.e. VMPx
Two constructions with parabolic geometries
Creators: name: Cap, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C15, 53C28, 32V05

description: This is an expanded version of a series of lectures delivered at the 25th Winter School ``Geometry and Physics'' in Srni. After a short introduction to Cartan geometries and parabolic geometries, we give a detailed description of the equivalence between parabolic geometries and underlying geometric structures. The second part of the paper is devoted to constructions which relate parabolic geometries of different type. First we discuss the construction of correspondence spaces and twistor spaces, which is related to nested parabolic subgroups in the same semisimple Lie group. An example related to twistor theory for Grassmannian structures and the geometry of second order ODE's is discussed in detail. In the last part, we discuss analogs of the Fefferman construction, which relate geometries corresponding different semisimple Lie groups.
Betænkning om Præsternes Magt till at forlade Synderne og Den Private Absolution / Chr. L. Tychonius
Creators: name: Tychonius, Christen Lassen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1720

description: Avskrift?
description: Før teksten finnes siste siden av et brev fra M. Reenberg, dat. 26/2/1721.
Towards a broader understanding of South African consumer spending on meat
Creators: name: Taljaard, Pieter R.
name: Jooste, Andre
name: Asfaha, T.A.
name: Taljaard, Pieter R.
name: Jooste, Andre
name: Asfaha, T.A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: This paper analyses meat consumption trends in South Africa. Despite the fact that aggregate per capita meat consumption remained relatively constant during the last 34 years, significant changes were observed in the per capita consumption among different meat categories. By applying Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and the Johansen co integration approach to a conventional demand function, significant changes in the contributions of economic and non-economic factors towards meat demand were identified over time. From the analysis it is apparent that non-economic factors play a greater role in determining meat consumption in South Africa.
Klage Tale over Salig Kong Christian den Siette holden i Massøe Kirke udi West-Findmarken dend 1ste February 1747 / af Jens Kraft
Creators: name: Kraft, Jens
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1747
Subjects: Christian VI

description: Avskrift?
description: Gerhard Schønings initialer på 1. side.
Additional file 6 of Public awareness of and attitudes towards research biobanks in Latvia
Creators: name: Mezinska, S.
name: J. Kaleja
name: I. Mileiko
name: D. Santare
name: V. Rovite
name: L. Tzivian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 6: Supplement Table 6. Relationships between attitude towards sharing of biobank samples among EU states and socio-demographic characteristics of participants of 2019 survey.
The comparative advantage of selected long-term crops in Lesotho
Creators: name: Makosholo, M.L.
name: Jooste, Andre
name: Makosholo, M.L.
name: Jooste, Andre
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This paper evaluates the comparative economic advantage (CEA) of irrigated long-term crops (cherries, peaches, apples and asparagus) in the four agro-ecological zones of Lesotho based on analyses of profitability coefficients and domestic resource costs. The analysis was carried out using the net present value (NPV) approach. The CEA analysis yielded higher private returns relative to economic returns in the lowlands, Foothills, the Senqu River Valley and the Mountains of Lesotho for all the crops examined. In the lowlands zone all products have a RCR of lower than one indicating a comparative advantage. In the Foothills only apples and peaches were investigated, and both show a comparative advantage of equal strength. In the Senqu River Valley the result for apples and peaches are mixed, i.e. apples show a comparative advantage, whilst peaches show a comparative disadvantage. In the Mountain zone only apples have a comparative advantage. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted related to exchange rate changes, land and water prices, and threshold prices.
Norm-closed intervals of norm-complete ordered abelian groups
Creators: name: Wehrung, Friedrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 06F20, 54D15, 06D05, 54D35, 46B40; Secondary 19K14

description: Let $(G,u)$ be an archimedean norm-complete dimension group with order unit. Continuing a previous paper, we study intervals (i.e., nonempty upward directed lower subsets) of $G$ which are closed with respect to the canonical norm of $(G,u)$. In particular, we establish a canonical one-to-one correspondence between closed intervals of $G$ and certain affine lower semicontinuous functions on the state space of $(G,u)$, which allows us to solve several problems of K. R. Goodearl about inserting affine continuous functions between convex upper semicontinuous and concave lower semicontinuous functions. This yields in turn new results about analogues of multiplier groups for norm-closed intervals.
Analysis of the technical efficiency of rice farms in Ijesha Land of Osun State, Nigeria
Creators: name: Tijani, A.A.
name: Tijani, A.A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This study estimated technical efficiencies on rice farms in Osun State, Nigeria, and identified some socioeconomic factors, which influence productive efficiency. These technical efficiencies were estimated using the stochastic frontier production function approach applied to primary data. A translog production function was used to represent the production frontier of the rice farms. The study showed that the levels of technical efficiency ranged from 29.4% to 98.2% with a mean of 86.6%, which suggests that average rice output falls 13.4% short of the maximum possible level. Therefore in the short run there is scope to increase technical efficiencies on rice farms in the study area. The study also showed that these efficiencies are positively and significantly correlated with the application of traditional preparation methods, and with off-farm income.
Additional file 1 of Household knowledge, perceptions and practices of mosquito larval source management for malaria prevention and control in Mwanza district, Malawi: a cross‐sectional study
Creators: name: Kamndaya, Mphatso
name: Dumisani Mfipa
name: Lungu, Kingsley
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. A table of calculations of cluster sampling using probability proportional to population size.
Additional file 8 of Public awareness of and attitudes towards research biobanks in Latvia
Creators: name: Mezinska, S.
name: J. Kaleja
name: I. Mileiko
name: D. Santare
name: V. Rovite
name: L. Tzivian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 8: Supplement Table 8. Association of preferred type of informed consent (broad over narrow) with awareness, trust and socio-demographic factors – results of logistic regression model.
Generation of Werner states via collective decay of coherently driven atoms
Creators: name: Agarwal, Girish S.
name: Kapale, Kishore T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show deterministic generation of Werner states as a steady state of the collective decay dynamics of a pair of neutral atom coupled to a leaky cavity and strong coherent drive. We also show how the scheme can be extended to generate $2N$-particle analogue of the bipartite Werner states.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Drobner, H. R., Klock, Ch.: Studien zu Gregor von Nyssa und der christlichen Spätantike
Creators: name: Gessel, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 75 (1991): Oriens christianus, Band 75
Tidal distortion and disruption of rubble-pile bodies revisited -- Soft-sphere discrete element analyses
Creators: name: Zhang, Yun
name: Michel, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During close approaches to planets or stars, the morphological and dynamical properties of rubble-pile small bodies can be modified, and some may catastrophically break up. This phenomenon is of particular interest for understanding the evolution and population of small bodies, and for making predictions for future encounters. Previous numerical explorations typically used methods that do not adequately represent the nature of rubble piles. The encounter outcomes and influence factors are still poorly constrained. Based on recent advances in modeling rubble piles, we aim to provide a better understanding of the tidal encounter processes through soft-sphere discrete element modeling (SSDEM) and to establish a database of encounter outcomes and the dependencies on encounter conditions and rubble-pile properties. We performed thousands of numerical simulations using the SSDEM implemented in the N-body code pkdgrav to study the dynamical evolution of rubble piles during close encounters with the Earth. The effects of encounter conditions, material strength, arrangement, and resolution of constituent particles are explored. Three typical tidal encounter outcomes are classified, i.e., deformation, mass shedding, and disruption, ranging from mild modifications to severe damages of the progenitor. The encounter speed and distance required for causing disruption events are much smaller than those predicted by previous studies, indicating a smaller creation rate of tidally disrupted small body populations. Extremely elongated fragments with axis ratios ~1:6 can be formed by moderate encounters. Our analyses of the spin-shape evolution of the largest remnants reveal reshaping mechanisms of rubble piles in response to tidal forces, consistent with stable rubble-pile configurations derived by continuum theory. A case study for SL9 suggests a low bulk density (0.2-0.3 g/cc) for its progenitor.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A, author version
Choosing between the AIDS and Rotterdam models: A meat demand analysis case study
Creators: name: Taljaard, Pieter R.
name: Van Schalkwyk, Herman D.
name: Alemu, Zerihun Gudeta
name: Taljaard, Pieter R.
name: Van Schalkwyk, Herman D.
name: Alemu, Zerihun Gudeta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Due to the inability of economic theory to choose ex ante between the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) and the Rotterdam model, a non-nested test was used. The results of the non-nested test points to the Linearized-AIDS model applied to 31 years of meat consumption data in South Africa. When comparing the estimated demand relations of the two models, the LA/AIDS model also proved to be better fit for South African meat demand.
Against Pointillisme about Mechanics
Creators: name: Butterfield, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper forms part of a wider campaign: to deny pointillisme. That is the doctrine that a physical theory's fundamental quantities are defined at points of space or of spacetime, and represent intrinsic properties of such points or point-sized objects located there; so that properties of spatial or spatiotemporal regions and their material contents are determined by the point-by-point facts. More specifically, this paper argues against pointillisme about the concept of velocity in classical mechanics; especially against proposals by Tooley, Robinson and Lewis. A companion paper argues against pointillisme about (chrono)-geometry, as proposed by Bricker. To avoid technicalities, I conduct the argument almost entirely in the context of ``Newtonian'' ideas about space and time, and the classical mechanics of point-particles, i.e. extensionless particles moving in a void. But both the debate and my arguments carry over to relativistic physics.
description: 41 pages Latex
Kurtze und warhafte Relation von dem Ursprung und Fortgang der dänisch-Malabarischen Missionariorum / von Christiano Aletophilo
Creators: name: Alethophilus, Christian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1715

description: Avskrift.
description: Se Fenger, I. Ferd. Den Trankebarske Missions Historie. København 1843 s. 122 og s. 329
Measuring the determinants of pork consumption in Bloemfontein, Central South Africa
Creators: name: Oyewumi, Olubukola Ayodeju
name: Jooste, Andre
name: Oyewumi, Olubukola Ayodeju
name: Jooste, Andre
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The main objective of this study is to investigate the determinants of households' pork consumption using a logistic regression procedure. The model was initially fitted with ten variables, selected from factors identified by precious studies, that affect meat consumption in South Africa. Six of these variables were found to be significant at the 10 per cent significance level and all had the expected signs. These include household monthly income, current household monthly expenditure on meat, relative price of pork, preference for value-added pork products, prices of substitutes (the most preferred household meat type), and response of household to change in pork quality. The result obtained was further analyzed to compute partial effects and to conduct simulations for significant factors. Analysis of partial effects revealed that quality assurance and value-adding lead to much greater probability of pork consumption by households. Simulation conducted on the base category of pork-consuming households revealed that quality assurance and value-adding have relatively high potential to almost double and more than double household pork consumption respectively.
Response of thin-film SQUIDs to applied fields and vortex fields: Linear SQUIDs
Creators: name: Clem, John R.
name: Brandt, Ernst Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we analyze the properties of a dc SQUID when the London penetration depth λis larger than the superconducting film thickness d. We present equations that govern the static behavior for arbitrary values of Λ= λ^2/d relative to the linear dimensions of the SQUID. The SQUID's critical current I_c depends upon the effective flux Φ, the magnetic flux through a contour surrounding the central hole plus a term proportional to the line integral of the current density around this contour. While it is well known that the SQUID inductance depends upon Λ, we show here that the focusing of magnetic flux from applied fields and vortex-generated fields into the central hole of the SQUID also depends upon Λ. We apply this formalism to the simplest case of a linear SQUID of width 2w, consisting of a coplanar pair of long superconducting strips of separation 2a, connected by two small Josephson junctions to a superconducting current-input lead at one end and by a superconducting lead at the other end. The central region of this SQUID shares many properties with a superconducting coplanar stripline. We calculate magnetic-field and current-density profiles, the inductance (including both geometric and kinetic inductances), magnetic moments, and the effective area as a function of Λ/w and a/w.
description: 18 pages, 20 figures, revised for Phys. Rev. B, the main revisions being to denote the effective flux by \Phi rather than F
Topological states in disordered arrays of dielectric nanoparticles
Creators: name: Lin, Ling
name: Kruk, Sergey
name: Ke, Yongguan
name: Lee, Chaohong
name: Kivshar, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interplay between disorder and topology for the localized edge states of light in topological zigzag arrays of resonant dielectric nanoparticles. We characterize topological properties by the winding number that depends on both zigzag angle and spacing between nanoparticles in the array. For equal-spacing arrays, the system may have two values of the winding number $ν=0$ or $1$, and it demonstrates localization at the edges even in the presence of disorder, being consistent with experimental observations for finite-length nanodisk structures. For staggered-spacing arrays, the system possesses richer topological phases characterized by the winding numbers $ν=0$, $1$ or $2$, which depend on the averaged zigzag angle and disorder strength. In a sharp contrast to the equal-spacing zigzag arrays, staggered-spacing arrays reveal two types of topological phase transitions induced by the angle disorder, (i) $ν= 0 \leftrightarrow ν= 1$ and (ii) $ν= 1 \leftrightarrow ν= 2$. More importantly, the spectrum of staggered-spacing arrays may remain gapped even in the case of a strong disorder.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
Notes on non-extremal, charged, rotating black holes in minimal D=5 gauged supergravity
Creators: name: Kunduri, Hari K.
name: Lucietti, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the non-extremal, charged, rotating black hole solution of five dimensional minimal gauged supergravity of Cvetic, Lu and Pope [Phys.Lett. B 598 (2004) 273]. We compute the Ashtekar-Magnon-Das mass and show it agrees with the thermodynamic mass. We find a reducible Killing tensor and integrate the geodesic equation explicitly. We also compute the Euclidean action of the black hole and show it satisfies the quantum statistical relation. Further we present a Smarr relation. We end with a discussion of applications to string theory.
description: 1+14 pages, Latex
Relations between Average Distance, Heterogeneity and Network Synchronizability
Creators: name: Zhao, Ming
name: Zhou, Tao
name: Wang, Bing-Hong
name: Yan, Gang
name: Yang, Hui-Jie
name: Bai, Wen-Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using the random interchanging algorithm, we investigate the relations between average distance, standard deviation of degree distribution and synchronizability of complex networks. We find that both increasing the average distance and magnifying the degree deviation will make the network synchronize harder. Only the combination of short average distance and small standard deviation of degree distribution that ensures strong synchronizability. Some previous studies assert that the maximal betweenness is a right quantity to estimate network synchronizability: the larger the maximal betweenness, the poorer the network synchronizability. Here we address an interesting case, which strongly suggests that the single quantity, maximal betweenness, may not give a comprehensive description of network synchronizability.
description: 14 pages, and 7 figures (to be published in Physica A)
Additional file 2 of Household knowledge, perceptions and practices of mosquito larval source management for malaria prevention and control in Mwanza district, Malawi: a cross‐sectional study
Creators: name: Kamndaya, Mphatso
name: Dumisani Mfipa
name: Lungu, Kingsley
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. An SPSS data file.
Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Pakistan: Commodity Aspects
Creators: name: Akhtar, Muhammad Ramzan
name: Akhtar, Muhammad Ramzan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: trade liberalization
subject: trade policies
subject: agricultural products

description: This book analyzes commodity aspects of the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Pakistan. The study describes the effects of trade liberalization on selected commodities namely wheat, rice and maize at the national level and farm level. The analysis included ex-ante and ex-post welfare gain and loss at the national level and profitability at the farm level.
Additional file 7 of Public awareness of and attitudes towards research biobanks in Latvia
Creators: name: Mezinska, S.
name: J. Kaleja
name: I. Mileiko
name: D. Santare
name: V. Rovite
name: L. Tzivian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 7: Supplement Table 7. Association of willingness to participate in biobank with awareness, trust and socio-demographic factors – results of logistic regression model.
Fortegnelse paa endeel Vildfarelser, som Hr. Biskop Worm har befundet udj Mag. Wolfsburgs Skrift, kaldet Observationes sacrae in N. T.
Creators: name: Worm, Christen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1717
Subjects: Wolfsburg, Mart. Casp.

description: Avskrift.
description: Kfr. Det Kongelige Bibliotek, Kall, 4., 476 11. Se også qMs 71b, c.
Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Indonesia: Institutional and Structural Aspects
Creators: name: Erwidodo
name: Erwidodo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: economic policies
subject: infrastructure
subject: trade
subject: trade liberalization

description: This book analyzes institutional and structural aspects of the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Indonesia. The study stresses the analysis of trade-related policies, physical infrastructure, institutions and performance in international trade. It discusses such commodities as rubber, coffee, tea, cocoa, tobacco, shrimp and palm oil. This book gives readers a general view of trade liberalization in Indonesia.
Breakdown of Gallavotti-Cohen symmetry for stochastic dynamics
Creators: name: Harris, R. J.
name: Rákos, A.
name: Schuetz, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the behaviour of current fluctuations in the one-dimensional partially asymmetric zero-range process with open boundaries. Significantly, we find that the distribution of large current fluctuations does not satisfy the Gallavotti-Cohen symmetry and that such a breakdown can generally occur in systems with unbounded state space. We also discuss the dependence of the asymptotic current distribution on the initial state of the system.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures. v4: minor alterations for consistency with published version to be found at http://www.edpsciences.org/journal/index.cfm?edpsname=epl
Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Pakistan: Institutional and Structural Aspects
Creators: name: Akhtar, Muhammad Ramzan
name: Akhtar, Muhammad Ramzan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: trade policies
subject: trade
subject: trade liberalization
subject: agricultural products

description: This book analyzes institutional and structural aspects of the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Pakistan. The study stresses the analysis of trade-related policies, physical infrastructure, institutions in the public sector and various economic indicators. It discusses such commodities as rice, wheat, fruits and vegetables, edible oil, coffee, tea and milk. This book gives readers a general view of trade liberalization in Pakistan.
Boundary conditions in first order gravity: Hamiltonian and Ensemble
Creators: name: Aros, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work two different boundary conditions for first order gravity, corresponding to a null and a negative cosmological constant respectively, are studied. Both boundary conditions allows to obtain the standard black hole thermodynamics. Furthermore both boundary conditions define a canonical ensemble. Additionally the quasilocal energy definition is obtained for the null cosmological constant case.
description: To be published in Phys, Rev. D
Food Security Strategies for the Kingdom of Tonga
Creators: name: Halavatau, S.M.
name: Halavatau, N.V.
name: Halavatau, S.M.
name: Halavatau, N.V.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: food security

description: The study objective was to assess the food security situation in Tonga and the problems faced, to identify effective strategies and to help formulate appropriate policy options for solving respective problems. Food security at the national, regional and household levels is most vulnerable to natural disasters of tropical cyclones, droughts, pest outbreaks, or a combination of these threats. The study also found that unless key players in many of the research areas and information needs are identified, the chance to implement many of the desired activities is very slim. It was also evident that there might be a possibility for regional cooperation on strategies for food security or on aspects like coping systems or involvement of youths in food production.
Detection of Na in WASP-21b's lower and upper atmosphere
Creators: name: Chen, G.
name: Casasayas-Barris, N.
name: Palle, E.
name: Welbanks, L.
name: Madhusudhan, N.
name: Luque, R.
name: Murgas, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical transmission spectroscopy provides crucial constraints on the reference pressure levels and scattering properties for hot Jupiter atmospheres. For certain planets, where alkali atoms are detected in the atmosphere, their line profiles could serve as a good probe to link upper and lower atmospheric layers. WASP-21b is a Saturn-mass hot Jupiter orbiting a thick disc star, with a low density and an equilibrium temperature of 1333 K, which makes it a good target for transmission spectroscopy. Here, we present a low-resolution transmission spectrum for WASP-21b based in one transit observed by the OSIRIS spectrograph at the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), and a high-resolution transmission spectrum based in three transits observed by HARPS-N at Telescopio Nazinale Galileo (TNG) and HARPS at the ESO 3.6 m telescope. We performed spectral retrieval analysis on GTC's low-resolution transmission spectrum and report the detection of Na at a confidence level of $>$3.5-$σ$. The Na line exhibits a broad line profile that can be attributed to pressure broadening, indicating a mostly clear planetary atmosphere. The spectrum shows a tentative excess absorption at the K D$_1$ line. Using HARPS-N and HARPS, we spectrally resolved the Na doublet transmission spectrum. An excess absorption at the Na doublet is detected during the transit, and shows a radial velocity shift consistent with the planet orbital motion. We proposed a metric to quantitatively distinguish hot Jupiters with relatively clear atmospheres from others, and WASP-21b has the largest metric value among all the characterized hot Jupiters. The detection of Na at both lower and upper atmosphere of WASP-21b reveals that it is an ideal target for future follow-up observations, providing the opportunity to understand the nature of its atmosphere across a wide range of pressure levels.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in A&A on July 27, 2020
Taare og Smerte : udi en bedrøvet efterlevende Vens sørgelig Klagemaal over sin elskeligste Vens dødelige Skilsmisse
Creators: name: Bjørnsen, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1695
Subjects: Wilstrup, Anna Svendsdatter

description: M. Bjørnsen var prest på Buksnes i Lofoten. Dokumentet er en klagetale over hustruen Anna Svendsdatter Wilstrups død i 1695.
Integrated Report of the Project "Market Prospects of Upland Crop Products and Policy Analysis in Selected Asian Countries"
Creators: name: Inoue, Sotaro
name: Titapiwatanakun, Boonjit
name: Inoue, Sotaro
name: Titapiwatanakun, Boonjit
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: food consumption
subject: upland crops
subject: markets
subject: demand

description: This integrated report is a compilation of data and trends generated by the project "Market Prospects of Upland Crop Products and Policy Analysis in Selected Asian Countries." It analyzes the current status of demand and supply of selected agricultural commodities in seven countries in Asia, namely China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. The report by Titapiwatanakun and Inoue is a very useful reference which identifies trends in groups of agricultural consumer goods and provides projections in demand.
The numbers of tropical plane curves through points in general position
Creators: name: Gathmann, Andreas
name: Markwig, Hannah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that the number of tropical curves of given genus and degree through some given general points in the plane does not depend on the position of the points. In the case when the degree of the curves contains only primitive integral vectors this statement has been known for a while now, but the only known proof was indirect with the help of Mikhalkin's Correspondence Theorem that translates this question into the well-known fact that the numbers of complex curves in a toric surface through some given points do not depend on the position of the points. This paper presents a direct proof entirely within tropical geometry that is in addition applicable to arbitrary degree of the curves.
description: 23 pages, minor corrections
A protostellar system fed by a streamer of 10,500 au length
Creators: name: Pineda, Jaime E.
name: Segura-Cox, Dominique
name: Caselli, Paola
name: Cunningham, Nichol
name: Zhao, Bo
name: Schmiedeke, Anika
name: Maureira, Maria José
name: Neri, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binary formation is an important aspect of star formation. One possible route for close-in binary formation is disk fragmentation$^{[1,2,3]}$. Recent observations show small scale asymmetries (<300 au) around young protostars$^{[2,4]}$, although not always resolving the circumbinary disk, are linked to disk phenomena$^{[5,6]}$. In later stages, resolved circumbinary disk observations$^{[7]}$ (<200 au) show similar asymmetries, suggesting the origin of the asymmetries arises from binary-disk interactions$^{[8,9,10]}$. We observed one of the youngest systems to study the connection between disk and dense core. We find for the first time a bright and clear streamer in chemically fresh material (Carbon-chain species) that originates from outside the dense core (>10,500 au). This material connects the outer dense core with the region where asymmetries arise near disk scales. This new structure type, 10x larger than those seen near disk scales, suggests a different interpretation of previous observations: large-scale accretion flows funnel material down to disk scales. These results reveal the under-appreciated importance of the local environment on the formation and evolution of disks in early systems$^{[13,14]}$ and a possible initial condition for the formation of annular features in young disks$^{[15,16]}$.
description: Published in Nature Astronomy on July 27th 2020. This is the authors' version before final edits, including methods section. Link to the NatAstro publication: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-1150-z
Resilient Sensor Placement for Kalman Filtering in Networked Systems: Complexity and Algorithms
Creators: name: Ye, Lintao
name: Roy, Sandip
name: Sundaram, Shreyas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Given a linear dynamical system affected by noise, we study the problem of optimally placing sensors (at design-time) subject to a sensor placement budget constraint in order to minimize the trace of the steady-state error covariance of the corresponding Kalman filter. While this problem is NP-hard in general, we consider the underlying graph associated with the system dynamics matrix, and focus on the case when there is a single input at one of the nodes in the graph. We provide an optimal strategy (computed in polynomial-time) to place the sensors over the network. Next, we consider the problem of attacking (i.e., removing) the placed sensors under a sensor attack budget constraint in order to maximize the trace of the steady-state error covariance of the resulting Kalman filter. Using the insights obtained for the sensor placement problem, we provide an optimal strategy (computed in polynomial-time) to attack the placed sensors. Finally, we consider the scenario where a system designer places the sensors under a sensor placement budget constraint, and an adversary then attacks the placed sensors subject to a sensor attack budget constraint. The resilient sensor placement problem is to find a sensor placement strategy to minimize the trace of the steady-state error covariance of the Kalman filter corresponding to the sensors that survive the attack. We show that this problem is NP-hard, and provide a pseudo-polynomial-time algorithm to solve it.
Additional file 1 of Increased mucosal IL-12 expression is associated with relapse of ulcerative colitis
Creators: name: Uchiyama, Kazuhiko
name: Takagi, Tomohisa
name: Mizushima, Katsura
name: Kajiwara-Kubota, Mariko
name: Kashiwagi, Saori
name: Toyokawa, Yuki
name: Tanaka, Makoto
name: Hotta, Yuma
name: Kamada, Kazuhiro
name: Ishikawa, Takeshi
name: Konishi, Hideyuki
name: Kishimoto, Mitsuo
name: Naito, Yuji
name: Itoh, Yoshito
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1 Real-time PCR primer sequences of IL12p35, IL-23p19, IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-17F.
Enhancing Sustainable Development of Diverse Agriculture in India
Creators: name: Singh, R.P.
name: Singh, N.P.
name: Kumar, Ranjit
name: Singh, R.P.
name: Singh, N.P.
name: Kumar, Ranjit
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: diversification
subject: food crops
subject: agriculture

description: Agriculture in India occupies an important place as it contributes nearly 25 per cent of GDP and two-thirds of the population depend upon it. Agricultural growth in the past has been sufficient to move from severe food crisis to aggregate food surplus today. The rainfed regions are diverse in terms of resource base, varying from resource rich regions harnessing substantial production to resource poor regions with restricted potential. These resource poor regions are mostly dominated by secondary crops. Barring maize and potato, secondary crops are loosing ground against the finer cereals, cash and commercial crops. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a leverage to these crops by providing support in terms of technological advancement and policy support vis-à-vis other crops. The present study is an attempt to provide some much needed succor to secondary crops, thereby supporting millions of livelihoods inhabiting the rainfed marginal environments of the country.
Label-Consistency based Graph Neural Networks for Semi-supervised Node Classification
Creators: name: Xu, Bingbing
name: Huang, Junjie
name: Hou, Liang
name: Shen, Huawei
name: Gao, Jinhua
name: Cheng, Xueqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph neural networks (GNNs) achieve remarkable success in graph-based semi-supervised node classification, leveraging the information from neighboring nodes to improve the representation learning of target node. The success of GNNs at node classification depends on the assumption that connected nodes tend to have the same label. However, such an assumption does not always work, limiting the performance of GNNs at node classification. In this paper, we propose label-consistency based graph neural network(LC-GNN), leveraging node pairs unconnected but with the same labels to enlarge the receptive field of nodes in GNNs. Experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate the proposed LC-GNN outperforms traditional GNNs in graph-based semi-supervised node classification.We further show the superiority of LC-GNN in sparse scenarios with only a handful of labeled nodes.
Prospects of Feed Crops in India: The Role of CGPRT Crops
Creators: name: Pathak, P.S.
name: Pathak, P.S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: feed crops
subject: demand
subject: supply
subject: plant production

description: The study was initiated to understand the demand-supply gap of various feed crops and identify measures to bridge it. Several models were introduced and discussed in a meeting held in Bogor (Indonesia) in September 2001 for determining the demand and supply of different feed crops. These are presented in this study. For this study, data was collected from the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India, New Delhi. Data was also collected from other sources to understand the behaviour of exports and also the uses of animal feeds. Information from the Director and scientists at the National Centre for Agricultural Economics and Policy Research, New Delhi and Agricultural Universities in the country has been used in the study. Discussions were also held at the International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, Patencheru, Hyderabad. The data was processed and models were made for crops including, maize, sorghum, pearl millet, barley and ragi. Prediction through the models was also incorporated to understand the behaviour of demand and supply. This study concludes that depending on the demand, productivity and the production scenario, it is possible to bridge the gap between demand and supply. Accelerated production activities and marketing policies should control the market so that the farmers receive better prices for their production and upgrade their farming enterprize.
Photometry from online Digitized Sky Survey Plates
Creators: name: Bacher, A.
name: Kimeswenger, S.
name: Teutsch, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Online Digital Sky Survey (DSS) material is often used to obtain information on newly discovered variable stars for older epochs (e.g. Nova progenitors, flare stars, ...). We present here the results of an investigation of photometry on online digital sky survey material in small fields calibrated by CCD sequences. We compared different source extraction mechanisms and found, that even down near to the sensitivity limit, despite the H-compression used for the online material, photometry with an accuracy better than 0\fm1 rms is possible on DSS-II. Our investigation shows that the accuracy depends strongly on the source extraction method. The SuperCOSMOS scans, although retrieved with an higher spatial resolution, do not give us better results. The methods and parameters presented here, allow the user to obtain good plate photometry in small fields down to the Schmidt plate survey limits with a few bright CCD calibrators, which may be calibrated with amateur size telescopes. Especially for the events mentioned above, new field photometry for calibration purposes mostly exists, but the progenitors were not measured photometrically before. Also the follow up whether stellar concentrations are newly detected clusters or similar work may be done without using mid size telescopes. The calibration presented here is a "local" one for small fields. We show that this method presented here gives higher accuracies than "global" calibrations of surveys (e.g. GSC-II, SuperCOSMOS and USNO-B)
description: 8 pages, 12 figures, accepted in MNRAS
Water Quality Prediction on a Sigfox-compliant IoT Device: The Road Ahead of WaterS
Creators: name: Boccadoro, Pietro
name: Daniele, Vitanio
name: Di Gennaro, Pietro
name: Lofù, Domenico
name: Tedeschi, Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Water pollution is a critical issue that can affects humans' health and the entire ecosystem thus inducing economical and social concerns. In this paper, we focus on an Internet of Things water quality prediction system, namely WaterS, that can remotely communicate the gathered measurements leveraging Low-Power Wide Area Network technologies. The solution addresses the water pollution problem while taking into account the peculiar Internet of Things constraints such as energy efficiency and autonomy as the platform is equipped with a photovoltaic cell. At the base of our solution, there is a Long Short-Term Memory recurrent neural network used for time series prediction. It results as an efficient solution to predict water quality parameters such as pH, conductivity, oxygen, and temperature. The water quality parameters measurements involved in this work are referred to the Tiziano Project dataset in a reference time period spanning from 2007 to 2012. The LSTM applied to predict the water quality parameters achieves high accuracy and a low Mean Absolute Error of 0.20, a Mean Square Error of 0.092, and finally a Cosine Proximity of 0.94. The obtained results were widely analyzed in terms of protocol suitability and network scalability of the current architecture towards large-scale deployments. From a networking perspective, with an increasing number of Sigfox-enabling end-devices, the Packet Error Rate increases as well up to 4% with the largest envisioned deployment. Finally, the source code of WaterS ecosystem has been released as open-source, to encourage and promote research activities from both Industry and Academia.
Additional file 3 of Public awareness of and attitudes towards research biobanks in Latvia
Creators: name: Mezinska, S.
name: J. Kaleja
name: I. Mileiko
name: D. Santare
name: V. Rovite
name: L. Tzivian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Supplement Table 3. Relationships between willingness to participate and socio-demographic characteristics of participants of 2019 survey.