Paracymbiomma carajas Rodrigues & Cizauskas & Rheims 2018, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Bruno V. B.
name: Cizauskas, Igor
name: Rheims, Cristina A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Gnaphosidae
Paracymbiomma
Paracymbiomma carajas

description: Paracymbiomma carajas sp. nov.
Figs 4, 9–11, 18–30, 46–48, 57–60, 72, 75, 80
Type material. Male holotype from Brazil, Pará, Parauapebas (FLONA Carajás), Cave N5S-63/64/65, (06°06'12''S 50°08'07''W), 14 March–04 April 2010, I. Cizauskas et al. leg., deposited in IBSP 174162. Paratypes: 1 male from Brazil, Pará, Parauapebas (FLONA Carajás), Cave N3-0031, (06°02'37''S 50°13'09''W), 03–17 April 2013, Equipe Carst leg., (IBSP 183736); 1 female, Cave N4WS-61, (06°04'35''S 50°11'38''W), 18 November–01 December 2010, C.A.R. Souza et al. leg., (IBSP 183740); 1 female, Cave N5S-74, (06°06'02''S 50°08'05''W), 14 March–04 April 2010, I. Cizauskas et al. leg., (IBSP 174163); 1 female, Cave N3-0050, (06°02'38''S 50°13'10''W), 02–23 July 2013, Equipe Carst leg., (IBSP 183737).
Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition and refers to the type locality.
Diagnosis. Males of P. carajas sp. nov. resemble those of P. pauferrense sp. nov. in having eight eyes (Figs 17, 18), but differ by the male palp with embolar insertion at 12 o’clock position and close to median apophysis (embolar insertion far from median apohysis and near tegulum center in P. pauferrense sp. nov.), and median apophysis large with small hook in distal part (median apophysis small in P. pauferrense sp. nov.) (Figs 57, 58). Females are distinguished from those of the other known species of the genus by the epigyne with copulatory duct visible ventrally as lateral S-shapes and by the triangular atrium with sclerotized anterior and lateral margins (Figs 59, 60).
Description. Male (holotype). Total length: 3.5. Carapace 1.41 long, 1.16 wide; abdomen 1.65 long, 0.94 wide; sternum 0.88 long, 0.72 wide; spinnerets ALS 0.25 long, 0.12 wide. Six eyes arranged in two rows, the anterior row straight, the posterior procurved. AME reduced. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.016; ALE 0.075; PLE 0.058; PME 0.05; AME–AME 0.008; AME–ALE 0.025; PLE–ALE 0.016; PME–PLE 0.062; PME– PME 0.062. Chelicerae 0.6 long; two retromarginal short teeth and three promarginal teeth. Leg formula 4123; measurements: I: 4.7 (1.3, 0.70, 1.1, 0.90, 0.70); II: 4.16 (1.16, 0.66, 0.91, 0.78, 0.66); III: 3.41 (0.94, 0.5, 0.63, 0.69, 0.66); IV: 4.79 (1.3, 0.65, 1.2, 0.96, 0.86). Leg formula 4123. Leg spination: I – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1; tibia v2-2 -0; metatarsus v2 -0-0. II – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1; tibia v1 r-2-0; metatarsus v2 -0-0. III – femur d1-1-0, p1-0-1, r0-1-1; tibia d0-1-0, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v1 p-2-2; metatarsus p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v2 -0- 2. IV – femur d1-1-0, p1-0-1, r0-0-1; tibia d1-1-0, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v0-2-2; metatarsus p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v3 -0-2. Palp: femur with four dorsal spines, one median and three posterior; RTA with tapered and curved tip; tegulum rounded; median apophysis retrolaterally directed; embolar insertion at 12 o’clock position (Figs 57, 58).
Female (Paratype). Total length: 2.8. Carapace 1.38 long, 1.03 wide; abdomen 1.34 long, 0.84 wide; sternum 0.84 long, 0.7 wide; spinnerets ALS 0.27 long, 0.11 wide. Six eyes arranged in two rows, the anterior row straight, the posterior procurved. AME reduced. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.020; ALE 0.075; PLE 0.045; PME 0.05; AME–AME 0.041; AME–ALE 0.02; PLE–ALE 0.02; PME–PLE 0.066; PME–PME 0.066. Chelicerae 0.6 long; two retromarginal short teeth and three promarginal teeth. Leg formula 4123; measurements: I: 3.94 (1.16, 0.66, 0.88, 0.66, 0.59); II: 3.75 (1.09, 0.59, 0.78, 0.66, 0.63); III: 3.05 (0.84, 0.47, 0.55, 0.59, 0.59); IV: 4.31 (1.13, 0.59, 0.94, 0.88, 0.78). Leg spination: I – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1; tibia v2-2 -0; metatarsus v2 -0-0. II – femur d1-1-0; tibia v1 r-1r-0; metatarsus v2 -0-0. III – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1; tibia d0-1-0, p1-0-1, r0-0-1, v1 p-2-2; metatarsus p1-0-1, v2 -0- 2. IV – femur d1-1-0, r0-0-1; tibia d1-1-0, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v1 p-2-2; metatarsus p1-0-1, r1- 0-1, v3 -0-2. Epigyne: posterior margin of epigynal plate truncate (Fig. 59). Vulva: copulatory duct narrow throughout its entire length with distal part of translucent duct with one loop; secondary spermathecae large with distal part well-defined (Fig. 60).
Variation. Total length (3 males): 3.0–3.5. (8 females): 2.35–3.1. In some specimens the copulatory ducts are poorly visible in ventral view.
Distribution. Pará, Brazil (Fig. 75).
Other material examined. Brazil. Pará: Parauapebas (FLONA Carajás), Cave N4WS-77, (06°04'28''S 50°11'18''W), 1 male, 10–19 May 2011, C.A.R. Souza et al. leg. (IBSP 174165); cave N4E-0083, (06°01'59''S 50°09'22''W), 1 female, 19 February–04 March 2010, R. Andrade & I. Cizauskas et al. leg. (IBSP 174164); cave N3-0066, (06°02'31''S 50°13'34''W), 02–23 August 2013, Equipe Carste leg. (IBSP 183738); cave PESE-004, (06°06'19''S 50°09'06''W), 01–09 June 2011, C. A. R. Souza & F. P. Franco et al. leg. (IBSP 183742); cave N4WS- 0 1, (06°03'46''S 50°11'32''W), 18 November–01 December 2010, C. A. R. Souza & F. P. Franco et al. leg. (IBSP 183739); cave N5S-10, (06°06'20''S 50°7'53''W), 1 female, 14–23 October 2009, I. Cizauskas et al. leg.(IBSP 174161); cave N4WS-19, (06°04'35''S 50°11'37''W), 1 female, 01–09 June 2011, C.A.R. Souza et al. leg. (IBSP 183741); cave N1-0074, (06°06'16''S 50°16'49''W), 1 female (IBSP 186284); cave N1-0118, (06°00'40''S 50°18'53''W), 1 female (IBSP 186286); cave N1-0137, (06°01'32''S 50°16'29''W), 2 females (IBSP 186289); cave N1-0044, (06°01'13''S 50°16'40''W), 1 female (IBSP 186292); cave N1-0105, (06°00'36''S 50°18'8''W), 1 female (IBSP 186294); (Cristalino), Cave CRIS-18/19, (06°26'02''S 49°41'11''W), 1 female, 29 July–06 August 2008, R. Andrade et al. leg. (IBSP 174595); Canaã dos Carajás (Serra da Bocaína), Cave SB-226, (06°21'30''S 49°59'34''W), 1 female, 08–22 May 2013, Equipe Carste leg. (IBSP 183743); cave SB-31, (06°18'20''S 49°53'54''W), 29 August– 27 September 2012, C. A. R. Souza & J. Mascarenhas et al. leg. (IBSP 174171).
Natural history. Paracymbiomma carajas sp. nov. was collected in 15 ferruginous caves distributed in different rock outcrops, for which the region of Serra Norte (FLONA de Carajás) is the main area of occurrence. Specimens were collected in twilight (disphotic) zones, with high humidity. All specimens were found only on the floor of the caves. This species has a wide distribution range, and although it was not found outside the cave, it could also inhabit the canga, a characteristic vegetation that covers the ferruginous rock outcrops (Fig. 76).
description: Published as part of Rodrigues, Bruno V. B., Cizauskas, Igor & Rheims, Cristina A., 2018, Description of Paracymbiomma gen. nov., a new genus of prodidomid spiders from the Neotropical region (Araneae: Prodidomidae) including a new troglobite species, pp. 301-331 in Zootaxa 4514 (3) on pages 308-320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4514.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2608011