cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Role of vibrations in the jamming and unjamming of grains discharging from a silo
Creators: name: Mankoc, Cristian
name: Garcimartin, Angel
name: Zuriguel, Iker
name: Maza, Diego
name: Pugnaloni, Luis A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present experimental results of the jamming of non-cohesive particles discharged from a flat bottomed silo subjected to vertical vibration. When the exit orifice is only a few grain diameter wide, the flow can be arrested due to the formation of blocking arches. Hence, an external excitation is needed to resume the flow. The use of a continuous gentle vibration is a usual technique to ease the flow in such situations. Even though jamming is less frequent, it is still an issue in vibrated silos. There are, in principle, two possible mechanisms through which vibrations may facilitate the flow: (i) a decrease in the probability of the formation of blocking arches, and (ii) the breakage of blocking arches once they have been formed. By measuring the time intervals inside an avalanche during which no particles flow through the outlet, we are able to estimate the probability of breaking a blocking arch by vibrations. The result agrees with the prediction of a bivariate probabilistic model in which the formation of blocking arches is equally probable in vibrated and non-vibrated silos. This indicates that the second aforementioned mechanism is the main responsible for improving the flowability in gently vibrated silos.
WMAP Dark Matter Constraints on Yukawa Unification with Massive Neutrinos
Creators: name: Gomez, M. E.
name: Lola, S.
name: Naranjo, P.
name: Rodriguez-Quintero, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the WMAP dark matter constraints on Yukawa Unification in the presence of massive neutrinos. The large lepton mixing indicated by the data may modify the predictions for the bottom quark mass, enabling Yukawa unification also for large $\tanβ$, and for positive $μ$ that was previously disfavoured. As a result, the allowed parameter space for neutralino dark matter increases for positive $μ$, particularly for areas with resonant enhancement of the neutralino relic density. On the contrary, a negative $μ$ is not easily compatible with large lepton mixing and Dirac neutrino Yukawa couplings, and the WMAP allowed parameter space is in this case strongly constrained.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
Analysis of field-angle dependent specific heat in unconventional superconductors: a comparison between Doppler-shift method and Kramer-Pesch approximation
Creators: name: Hayashi, Nobuhiko
name: Nagai, Yuki
name: Higashi, Yoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically discuss the magnetic-field-angle dependence of the zero-energy density of states (ZEDOS) in superconductors. Point-node and line-node superconducting gaps on spherical and cylindrical Fermi surfaces are considered. The Doppler-shift (DS) method and the Kramer-Pesch approximation (KPA) are used to calculate the ZEDOS. Numerical results show that consequences of the DS method are corrected by the KPA.
description: 2 pages, 4 figures; To be published in Proc. of M2S-IX 2009, Tokyo (Physica C)
The Accretion Disc Dynamo in the Solar Nebula
Creators: name: King, A. R.
name: Pringle, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nearest accretion disc to us in space if not time was the protosolar nebula. Remnants of this nebula thus potentially offer unique insight into how discs work. In particular the existence of chondrules, which must have formed in the disc as small molten droplets, requires strong and intermittent heating of disc material. We argue that this places important constraints on the way gravitational energy is released in accretion discs, which are not met by current shearing--box simulations of MRI--driven dynamos. A deeper understanding of accretion energy release in discs may require a better model for these dynamos.
description: MNRAS, accepted
Use Cases Definition
Creators: name: Picone, Marco
name: Carletti, Gianluca
name: Ciciriello, Carmen
name: Esposito, Paola
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Water
Health
Floods
Contaminants
Drought

description: This deliverable contains the description of the WHOW Use Cases.
description: Deliverable n. 2.1 Activity title: Requirements definition
title: Recent advances in microalgae-driven carbon capture, utilization, and storage: Strain engineering through adaptive laboratory evolution and microbiome optimization
Creators: name: He, Zhongshi
name: Wang, Jing
name: Li, Yantao
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strain engineering
subject: Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS)
subject: Adaptive laboratory evolution
subject: Microbiome optimization
subject: Microalgae

description: The potential of microalgae as a biological resource for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) has been extensively discussed. Although genetic engineering methods have been employed to improve microalgal phenotypes, they often face challenges related to public concerns regarding genetically modified organisms. By contrast, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) and microbiome optimization have emerged as promising non-genetic modification strategies, with notable success in bacterial models. In microalgae, ALE has been employed to improve resilience against varying environmental and stress factors and increase carbon capture efficiency, and for the production of valuable bioproducts through gradual accumulation of beneficial mutations following manual or automated selection. Furthermore, advancements in the understanding of microbial symbiotic relationships in the phycosphere have facilitated microbiome optimization in microalgal cultivation systems, significantly improving their functionality and productivity. In this study, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in ALE and microbiome optimization of microalgae for CCUS across different carbon emission scenarios, including flue gas, biogas, wastewater, and landfill leachate. We further discuss the current challenges and future directions for the integration of ALE with microbiome optimization, focusing on the potential synergies of these methodologies. Overall, ALE and microbiome optimization are promising approaches to direct microalgae for environmental and industrial CCUS applications, thereby reducing global carbon emissions and addressing climate change challenges.
A Near-Infrared Study of the Stellar Cluster: [DBS2003] 45
Creators: name: Zhu, Qingfeng
name: Davies, Ben
name: Figer, Donald F.
name: Trombley, Christine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a multi-wavelength photometric and spectroscopic study of a newly discovered candidate cluster [DBS2003] 45. Our H, Ks photometry confirms that [DBS2003] 45 is a cluster. An average visual extinction Av 7.1+/-0.5 is needed to fit the cluster sequence with a model isochrone. Low resolution spectroscopy indicates that half a dozen early B and at least one late O type giant stars are present in the cluster. We estimate the age of the cluster to be between 5 and 8 Myr based on spectroscopic analysis. Assuming an age of 6 Myr, we fit the observed mass function with a power law, N(M) M^(-Gamma), and find an index Gamma 1.27+/-0.15, which is consistent with the Salpeter value. We estimate the total cluster mass is around 1000 solar masses by integrating the derived mass function between 0.5 and 45 solar masses. Both mid-infrared and radio wavelength observations show that a bubble filled with ionized gas is associated with the cluster. The total ionizing photon flux estimated from radio continuum measurements is consistent with the number of hot stars we detected. Infrared bright point sources along the rim of the bubble suggest that there is triggered star formation at the periphery of the HII region.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables. Accepted by ApJ, a typo in the Abstract corrected
Additional file 3 of Neuroinflammatory responses and blood–brain barrier injury in chronic alcohol exposure: role of purinergic P2 × 7 Receptor signaling
Creators: name: Togre, Namdev S.
name: Mekala, Naveen
name: Bhoj, Priyanka S.
name: Mogadala, Nikhita
name: Winfield, Malika
name: Trivedi, Jayshil
name: Grove, Deborah
name: Kotnala, Sudhir
name: Rom, Slava
name: Sriram, Uma
name: Persidsky, Yuri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 3
title: Meeting report of the 37th International Conference on Antiviral Research in Gold Coast, Australia, May 20?24, 2024, organized by the International Society for Antiviral Research
Creators: name: Welch, Stephen R.
name: Bilello, John P.
name: Carter, Kara
name: Delang, Leen
name: Dirr, Larissa
name: Durantel, David
name: Feng, Joy Y.
name: Gowen, Brian B.
name: Herrero, Lara J.
name: Janeba, Zlatko
name: Kleymann, Gerald
name: Lee, Alpha A.
name: Meier, Chris
name: Moffat, Jennifer
name: Schang, Luis M.
name: Schiffer, Joshua T.
name: Seley-Radtke, Katherine L.
name: Sheahan, Timothy P.
name: Spengler, Jessica R.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: The 37th International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR) was held in Gold Coast, Australia, May 20?24, 2024. ICAR 2024 featured over 75 presentations along with two poster sessions and special events, including those specifically tailored for trainees and early-career scientists. The meeting served as a platform for the exchange of cutting-edge research, with presentations and discussions covering novel antiviral compounds, vaccine development, clinical trials, and therapeutic advancements. A comprehensive array of topics in antiviral science was covered, from the latest breakthroughs in antiviral drug development to innovative strategies for combating emerging viral threats. The keynote presentations provided fascinating insight into two diverse areas fundamental to medical countermeasure development and use, including virus emergence at the human-animal interface and practical considerations for bringing antivirals to the clinic. Additional sessions addressed a variety of timely post-pandemic topics, such as the hunt for broad spectrum antivirals, combination therapy, pandemic preparedness, application of in silico tools and AI in drug discovery, the virosphere, and more. Here, we summarize all the presentations and special sessions of ICAR 2024 and introduce the 38th ICAR, which will be held in Las Vegas, USA, March 17?21, 2025.
title: Identification of a macrocyclic compound targeting the lassa virus polymerase
Creators: name: Aida-Ficken, Virginia
name: Kelly, Jamie A.
name: Chatterjee, Payel
name: Jenks, M. Harley
name: McMullan, Laura K.
name: Albari�O, C�Sar G.
name: Montgomery, Joel M.
name: Seley-Radtke, Katherine L.
name: Spiropoulou, Christina F.
name: Flint, Mike
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Antiviral
subject: Lassa
subject: Polymerase
subject: Macrocycle

description: There are no approved vaccines or therapeutics for Lassa virus (LASV) infections. To identify compounds with anti-LASV activity, we conducted a cell-based screening campaign at biosafety level 4 and tested almost 60,000 compounds for activity against an infectious reporter LASV. Hits from this screen included several structurally related macrocycles. The most potent, Mac128, had a sub-micromolar EC50 against the reporter virus, inhibited wild-type clade IV LASV, and reduced viral titers by 4 orders of magnitude. Mechanistic studies suggested that Mac128 inhibited viral replication at the level of the polymerase.
title: The Green Monster Hiding in Front of Cas A: JWST Reveals a Dense and Dusty Circumstellar Structure Pockmarked by Ejecta Interactions
Creators: name: De Looze, Ilse
name: Milisavljevic, Dan
name: Temim, Tea
name: Dickinson, Danielle
name: Fesen, Robert
name: Arendt, Richard
name: Chastenet, Jeremy
name: Orlando, Salvatore
name: Vink, Jacco
name: Barlow, Michael J.
name: Kirchschlager, Florian
name: Priestley, Felix D.
name: Raymond, John C.
name: Rho, Jeonghee
name: Sartorio, Nina S.
name: Scheffler, Tassilo
name: Schmidt, Franziska
name: Blair, William P.
name: Fox, Ori
name: Fryer, Christopher
name: Janka, Hans-Thomas
name: Koo, Bon-Chul
name: Laming, J. Martin
name: Matsuura, Mikako
name: Patnaude, Dan
name: Rela�O, M�Nica
name: Rest, Armin
name: Schmidt, Judy
name: Smith, Nathan
name: Sravan, Niharika
Publisher: name: AAS
Year: 2024

description: JWST observations of the young Galactic supernova remnant Cassiopeia A revealed an unexpected structure seen as a green emission feature in colored composite MIRI F1130W and F1280W images?hence dubbed the Green Monster?that stretches across the central parts of the remnant in projection. Combining the kinematic information from NIRSpec and the MIRI Medium Resolution Spectrograph with the multiwavelength imaging from NIRCam and MIRI, we associate the Green Monster with circumstellar material (CSM) that was lost during an asymmetric mass-loss phase. MIRI images are dominated by dust emission, but their spectra show emission lines from Ne, H, and Fe with low radial velocities indicative of a CSM nature. An X-ray analysis of this feature in a companion paper supports its CSM nature and detects significant blueshifting, thereby placing the Green Monster on the nearside, in front of the Cas A supernova remnant. The most striking features of the Green Monster are dozens of almost perfectly circular 1??3? sized holes, most likely created by interaction between high-velocity supernova ejecta material and the CSM. Further investigation is needed to understand whether these holes were formed by small 8000?10,500 km s?1 N-rich ejecta knots that penetrated and advanced out ahead of the remnant?s 5000?6000 km s?1 outer blast wave or by narrow ejecta fingers that protrude into the forward-shocked CSM. The detection of the Green Monster provides further evidence of the highly asymmetric mass loss that Cas A?s progenitor star underwent prior to its explosion.
Additional file 2 of Neuroinflammatory responses and blood–brain barrier injury in chronic alcohol exposure: role of purinergic P2 × 7 Receptor signaling
Creators: name: Togre, Namdev S.
name: Mekala, Naveen
name: Bhoj, Priyanka S.
name: Mogadala, Nikhita
name: Winfield, Malika
name: Trivedi, Jayshil
name: Grove, Deborah
name: Kotnala, Sudhir
name: Rom, Slava
name: Sriram, Uma
name: Persidsky, Yuri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 2
title: Recent Advances in Wearable Sweat Sensor Development
Creators: name: Zhang, Tao
name: Kabandana, Giraso Keza Monia
name: Terrell, John A.
name: Chen, Hui
name: Chen, Chengpeng
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: analytical chemistry
subject: wearable sensor
subject: microfluidics
subject: sweat

description: Wearable sweat sensors for detecting biochemical markers have emerged as a transformative research area, with the potential to revolutionize disease diagnosis and human health monitoring. Since 2016, a substantial body of pioneering and translational work on sweat biochemical sensors has been reported. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current state-of-the-art in the field, offering insights and perspectives on future developments. The focus is on wearable microfluidic platforms for sweat collection and delivery and the analytical chemistry applicable to wearable devices. Various microfluidic technologies, including those based on synthetic polymers, paper, textiles, and hydrogels, are discussed alongside diverse detection methods such as electrochemistry and colorimetry. Both the advantages and current limitations of these technologies are critically examined. The review concludes with our perspectives on the future of wearable sweat sensors, with the goal of inspiring new ideas, innovations, and technical advancements to further the development and practical application of these devices in promoting human health.
title: A Beam-Search Based Method to Select Classification and Imputation Methods for Fair and Accurate Data Analysis
Creators: name: Mowoh, Dodavah
name: Chen, Zhiyuan
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Search methods
subject: Accuracy
subject: Machine learning
subject: Data analysis
subject: Decision trees
subject: UMBC Mobile, Pervasive and Sensor Computing Lab (MPSC Lab)
subject: UMBC Cybersecurity Institute
subject: Big Data
subject: Costs
subject: Imputation

description: 2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)
description: Members from disadvantaged or minority groups are often more likely to have missing values in their record. Imputation is a common approach to deal with missing values before the data is being analyzed. Several studies have found interplay of imputation methods and classification methods with respect to accuracy and fairness: different combinations of imputation and classification methods will lead to different accuracy and fairness results. However, it is unclear how to choose the combination of imputation method and classification method to optimize the tradeoff between accuracy and fairness. An exhaustive search approach will be too expensive because it needs to check all combinations and measure both accuracy and fairness for every combination. This paper proposes a beam-search based method to select the optimal combination of imputation methods and classification methods. An empirical study was also conducted to compare the performance of the proposed method to exhaustive search. The proposed solution achieves the same result as the exhaustive search method but with much lower search cost.
The chiral partner of the nucleon in the mirror assignment with global symmetry
Creators: name: Gallas, Susanna
name: Giacosa, Francesco
name: Rischke, Dirk H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the pion-nucleon scattering lengths $a_{0}^{(\pm)}$ and the mass parameter $m_{0}$, which describes the nucleon mass in the chiral limit, at tree-level in the framework of a globally symmetric linear sigma model with parity-doubled nucleons. When recent lattice results [Takahashi] are used, we obtain $m_{0}\simeq300-600$ MeV. While $a_{0}^{(-)}$ is in fair agreement with experimental data, $a_{0}^{(+)}$ is too small because of the employed large scalar meson mass. This indicates the need to account for additional scalar degrees of freedom.
description: To appear as proceeding of Confinement8 - Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum, Mainz (Germany), Sep 1.-6. 2008; 6 pages, 2 figures
Hydrodynamic limit for two-species exclusion processes
Creators: name: Sasada, Makiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K35, 82C22

description: We consider two-species exclusion processes on the d-dimensional discrete torus taking the effects of exchange, creation and annihilation into account. The model is, in general, of nongradient type. We prove that the (charged) particle density converges to the solution of a certain nonlinear diffusion equation under the diffusive rescaling in space and time. We also prove a lower bound on the spectral gap for the generator of the process confined in a finite volume.
description: 28 pages
Liolaemus tehuelche
Creators: name: Cristián S. Abdala
name: Baldo, Diego
name: Juárez, Ricardo A.
name: Espinoza, Robert E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Liolaemidae
Liolaemus
Liolaemus tehuelche

description: Liolaemus tehuelche (FML 13218): KP 190040
description: Published as part of Cristián S. Abdala, Diego Baldo, Ricardo A. Juárez & Robert E. Espinoza, 2016, The First Parthenogenetic Pleurodont Iguanian: A New All-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from Western Argentina, pp. 487-497 in Copeia 104 (2) on page 495, DOI: 10.1643/CH-15-381, http://zenodo.org/record/269580
title: New Kids on the Block: Estimating Use of Next Generation Gram-negative Antibiotics Across Greater than 700 Hospitals in the United States
Creators: name: Harris, Anthony D
name: Goodman, Katherine E
name: Pineles, Lisa
name: Walker, Morgan
name: Bork, Jacqueline T
name: Heil, Emily L
name: Claeys, Kimberly C
name: Brooks, Justin
name: Kadri, Sameer
name: Maron, Bradley A
name: Baghdadi, Jonathan D
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2025

description: In recent years, new broad-spectrum antibiotics targeting Gram-negative organisms have been introduced, including cefiderocol, ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, eravacycline, imipenem-relebactam, omadacycline and meropenem-vaborbactam. This study aimed to describe new antibiotic use across a large national cohort.We performed a retrospective cohort study of hospital discharges from June 2022-May 2023 using the PINC-AI Database. Antibiotic utilization was ascertained from daily charges. Clinical indication(s) were inferred from ICD-10 diagnosis codes. Antibiotic therapy was considered definitive if continued >3 days. Piperacillin-tazobactam was used as a comparator.Across 832 hospitals, 3,890,557 admissions (61.9% of all admissions) included an antibiotic prescription. New antibiotics were prescribed in 9,768 admissions (0.25% of antibiotic-prescribing admissions) across 537 hospitals. Ceftolozane-tazobactam was prescribed in 4,157 admissions (42.6% of 9,768), ceftazidime-avibactam in 3,660 (37.5%), eravacycline in 1,213 (12.4%), cefiderocol in 1,060 (10.9%), meropenem-vaborbactam) in 456 (4.7%), omadacycline in 104 (1.1%), and imipenem-relebactam in 99 (1.0%). In contrast, piperacillin-tazobactam was prescribed in 731,719 (18.8%) and colistin in 570 (0.01%) admissions. 46% (n=4,647/9,768) of new antibiotics were started in the first 3 days of hospital admission, and 70% (n=6,799/9,768) were used as definitive therapy. Sepsis (76%), pneumonia (46%), and urinary tract infection (39%) were the most common clinical indications. On average, patients treated with new antibiotics had 8 more comorbid conditions than patients receiving piperacillin-tazobactam.Ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam remain the most frequently prescribed new antibiotics, with uptake of subsequently approved agents trailing. New antibiotics are most commonly used as treatment for sepsis among patients with multiple comorbidities.
Electronic structure and magnetic properties of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg system CuSe2O5
Creators: name: Janson, O.
name: Schnelle, W.
name: Schmidt, M.
name: Prots, Yu.
name: Drechsler, S. -L.
name: Filatov, S. K.
name: Rosner, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A microscopic magnetic model for the spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain compound CuSe2O5 is developed based on the results of a joint experimental and theoretical study. Magnetic susceptibility and specific heat data give evidence for quasi-1D magnetism with leading antiferromagnetic (AFM) couplings and an AFM ordering temperature of 17 K. For microscopic insight, full-potential DFT calculations within the local density approximation (LDA) were performed. Using the resulting band structure, a consistent set of transfer integrals for an effective one-band tight-binding model was obtained. Electronic correlations were treated on a mean-field level starting from LDA (LSDA+U method) and on a model level (Hubbard model). In excellent agreement of experiment and theory, we find that only two couplings in CuSe2O5 are relevant: the nearest-neighbour intra-chain interaction of 165 K and a non-frustrated inter-chain coupling of 20 K. From a comparison with structurally related systems (Sr2Cu(PO4)2, Bi2CuO4), general implications for a magnetic ordering in presence of inter-chain frustration are made.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
title: PowerPhone: Unleashing the Acoustic Sensing Capability of Smartphones
Creators: name: Cao, Shirui
name: Li, Dong
name: Lee, Sunghoon Ivan
name: Xiong, Jie
Publisher: name: ACM
Year: 2023

description: ACM MobiCom '23: Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking
description: Acoustic sensing on smartphones has gained extensive attention from both industry and research communities. Prior studies suffer from one fundamental limit, i.e., audio sampling rates on smartphones are constrained at 48 kHz. In this work, we present PowerPhone, a software reconfiguration to support higher sampling rates on both microphones and speakers of smartphones. We reverse-engineered more than 100 smartphones and found that their sampling rates can be reconfigured to 192 kHz. We conducted benchmark experiments and showcased field studies to demonstrate the unleashed sensing capability using our reconfigured smart-phones. First, we improve the sensing resolution from 7 cm to 1cm and enable multi-finger gesture recognition on smart-phones. Second, we push the sensing granularity of subtle movements to 2 ?m and show the feasibility of turning the smartphone into a micrometer-level machine vibration meter. Third, we increase the sensing range to 6 m and showcase room-scale human presence detection using a smartphone. Finally, we demonstrate that PowerPhone can enable new applications that were previously infeasible. Specifically, we can detect the home appliance status by analyzing ultrasonic leakages above 24 kHz from the wireless charger while charging a smartphone. Our open-source artifacts can be found at: https://powerphone.github.io.
title: Exploring CS Education Policy Through the Lens of State Governance Models: Access, Accountability and Authority
Creators: name: Mak, Janice
name: Torrejon Capurro, Carolina
name: Garvin, Megean
Publisher: name: ACM
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: cs education policy
subject: social and professional topics
subject: k-12

description: SIGCSETS 2025: Proceedings of the 56th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 2, Pittsburgh PA USA, 26 February 2025- 1 March 2025
description: Computer science (CS) education policy efforts have accelerated since 2016 through the work of various governmental, advocacy, and CS-focused organizations. CS policy implementation is typically led by CS education state supervisors (CSEdSS) at state education agencies (SEA), whose responsibilities may encompass training CS teachers, allocating resources, and informing teacher certification. Despite efforts to expand K-12 CS education through a set of 10 nationally-recommended policies, equity issues persist in terms of access for historically marginalized students to learn CS. Moreover, while states may adopt the same policy, each state has their own model of state education governance (SEG). These models determine authority and accountability - how education decision-making and policies are made and implemented. This study explores the relationship between SEG models and impact of CS education policy implementation by exploring the average rate of growth in access to high school (HS) CS and percent of CS education policies adopted across SEG models. Data sources include publicly available data of secondary CS access and CSEdSS survey and focus groups. Preliminary findings indicate the need to consider SEG models when enacting CS education policy to balance accountability with authority when enacting CS education policy related to expanding equitable and accessible K-12 CS education.
title: FRIDA to the Rescue! Analyzing Synthetic Data Effectiveness in Object-Based Common Sense Reasoning for Disaster Response
Creators: name: Shichman, Mollie
name: Bonial, Claire
name: Blodgett, Austin
name: Hudson, Taylor
name: Ferraro, Francis
name: Rudinger, Rachel
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
subject: Computer Science - Computation and Language

description: Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential for substantial common sense reasoning. However, these capabilities are often emergent in larger models. This means smaller models that can be run locally are less helpful and capable with respect to certain reasoning tasks. To meet our problem space requirements, we fine-tune smaller LLMs to disaster domains, as these domains involve complex and low-frequency physical common sense knowledge. We introduce a pipeline to create Field Ready Instruction Decoding Agent (FRIDA) models, where domain experts and linguists combine their knowledge to make high-quality seed data that is used to generate synthetic data for fine-tuning. We create a set of 130 seed instructions for synthetic generation, a synthetic dataset of 25000 instructions, and 119 evaluation instructions relating to both general and earthquake-specific object affordances. We fine-tune several LLaMa and Mistral instruction-tuned models and find that FRIDA models outperform their base models at a variety of sizes. We then run an ablation study to understand which kinds of synthetic data most affect performance and find that training physical state and object function common sense knowledge alone improves over FRIDA models trained on all data. We conclude that the FRIDA pipeline is capable of instilling general common sense, but needs to be augmented with information retrieval for specific domain knowledge.
Signatures of Initial State Modifications on Bispectrum Statistics
Creators: name: Meerburg, Pieter Daniel
name: van der Schaar, Jan Pieter
name: Corasaniti, Pier Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modifications of the initial-state of the inflaton field can induce a departure from Gaussianity and leave a testable imprint on the higher order correlations of the CMB and large scale structures in the Universe. We focus on the bispectrum statistics of the primordial curvature perturbation and its projection on the CMB. For a canonical single-field action the three-point correlator enhancement is localized, maximizing in the collinear limit, corresponding to enfolded or squashed triangles in comoving momentum space. We show that the available local and equilateral template are very insensitive to this localized enhancement and do not generate noteworthy constraints on initial-state modifications. On the other hand, when considering the addition of a dimension 8 higher order derivative term, we find a dominant rapidly oscillating contribution, which had previously been overlooked and whose significantly enhanced amplitude is independent of the triangle under consideration. Nevertheless, the oscillatory nature of (the sign of) the correlation function implies the signal is nearly orthogonal to currently available observational templates, strongly reducing the sensitivity to the enhancement. Constraints on departures from the standard Bunch-Davies vacuum state can be derived, but also depend on the next-to-leading terms. We emphasize that the construction and application of especially adapted templates could lead to CMB bispectrum constraints on modified initial states already competing with those derived from the power spectrum.
description: 41 pages, 7 figures, 2 appendices. Added some clarifications and comments, additional references, to appear in JCAP
An exploration of DNA extraction methods of fly iDNA for a scalable biodiversity monitoring
Creators: name: Jahan, mueena
name: Gogarten, Jan Frederik
name: Calvignac-Spencer, Sebastien
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Bulk pooling, Environmental DNA (eDNA), invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA), mammals, non-destructive DNA extraction, terrestrial biomonitoring

description: Background

Metabarcoding of invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) has proven to be an excellent tool for assessing terrestrial mammal diversity. While fly iDNA-based monitoring can detect a wide range of mammals, including rare, small, and cryptic species, a major constraint to wider adoption has been the time and costs associated with sample processing. 

Aims and Methods

Here we explored the effectiveness of bulk fly iDNA extraction methods which increase the pooling of flies by an order of magnitude over currently used extraction methods. One extraction method involved removing a single leg per fly from many different flies, pooling these legs, and destructively extracting DNA from the pool (Nflies legs per pool = 105). The other method involved non-destructively extracting DNA from a large pool of entire flies (Nflies per pool = 105). We tested these methods on flies collected at eight sites, representing three different habitats across five countries in sub-Saharan Africa (Nflies/site = 105; Nflies total = 840). We compared the mammal species detected using metabarcoding of these extracts with extracts generated using an approach that is currently widely used in the field, the  cost- and labor-intensive destructive extraction of small pools of entire flies (Nflies per pool = 7; Nflies per site = 105 flies). 

Results

The non-destructive extraction from large pools of entire flies detected a greater number of mammals (Nspecies detections total = 59; x̄species/site = 7.4; range = 1 to 12) than the destructive extraction from large pools of fly legs (Nspecies detections total = 15; x̄species/site = 1.9; range = 2 to 3), while detecting a similar number of mammals as the destructive extraction from small pools of entire flies (Nspecies detections total = 67; x̄species/site = 8.4; range = 5 to 15).  

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that the non-destructive extraction of large pools of entire fly bodies has the potential to streamline and reduce costs of fly iDNA extraction. We hope this will further promote the use of fly iDNA in large-scale terrestrial biomonitoring efforts.
An exploration of DNA extraction methods of fly iDNA for a scalable biodiversity monitoring
Creators: name: jahan, mueena
name: Gogarten, Jan Frederik
name: Calvignac-Spencer, Sebastien
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Bulk pooling, Environmental DNA (eDNA), invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA), mammals, non-destructive DNA extraction, terrestrial biomonitoring

description:  

Metabarcoding of invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) has proven to be an excellent tool for assessing terrestrial mammal diversity. While fly iDNA-based monitoring can detect a wide range of mammals, including rare, small, and cryptic species, a major constraint to wider adoption has been the time and costs associated with sample processing. 

Here we explored the effectiveness of bulk fly iDNA extraction methods which increase the pooling of flies by an order of magnitude over currently used extraction methods. One extraction method involved removing a single leg per fly from many different flies, pooling these legs, and destructively extracting DNA from the pool (Nflies legs per pool = 105). The other method involved non-destructively extracting DNA from a large pool of entire flies (Nflies per pool = 105). We tested these methods on flies collected at eight sites, representing three different habitats across five countries in sub-Saharan Africa (Nflies/site = 105; Nflies total = 840). We compared the mammal species detected using metabarcoding of these extracts with extracts generated using an approach that is currently widely used in the field, the  cost- and labor-intensive destructive extraction of small pools of entire flies (Nflies per pool = 7; Nflies per site = 105 flies). 

The non-destructive extraction from large pools of entire flies detected a greater number of mammals (Nspecies detections total = 59; x̄species/site = 7.4; range = 1 to 12) than the destructive extraction from large pools of fly legs (Nspecies detections total = 15; x̄species/site = 1.9; range = 2 to 3), while detecting a similar number of mammals as the destructive extraction from small pools of entire flies (Nspecies detections total = 67; x̄species/site = 8.4; range = 5 to 15). Our findings indicate that the non-destructive extraction of large pools of entire fly bodies has the potential to streamline and reduce costs of fly iDNA extraction. We hope this will further promote the use of fly iDNA in large-scale terrestrial biomonitoring efforts.
Edge disorder and localization regimes in bilayer graphene nanoribbons
Creators: name: Xu, Hengyi
name: Heinzel, T.
name: Zozoulenko, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical study of the magnetoelectronic properties of zigzag and armchair bilayer graphene nanoribbons (BGNs) is presented. Using the recursive Green's function method, we study the band structure of BGNs in uniform perpendicular magnetic fields and discuss the zero-temperature conductance for the corresponding clean systems. The conductance quantized as 2(n+1)G_ for the zigzag edges and nG_0 for the armchair edges with G_{0}=2e^2/h being the conductance unit and $n$ an integer. Special attention is paid to the effects of edge disorder. As in the case of monolayer graphene nanoribbons (GNR), a small degree of edge disorder is already sufficient to induce a transport gap around the neutrality point. We further perform comparative studies of the transport gap E_g and the localization length in bilayer and monolayer nanoribbons. While for the GNRs E_{g}^{GNR}is proportional to 1/W, the corresponding transport gap E_{g}^{BGN} for the bilayer ribbons shows a more rapid decrease as the ribbon width W is increased. We also demonstrate that the evolution of localization lengths with the Fermi energy shows two distinct regimes. Inside the transport gap, xi is essentially independent on energy and the states in the BGNs are significantly less localized than those in the corresponding GNRs. Outside the transport gap ξgrows rapidly as the Fermi energy increases and becomes very similar for BGNs and GNRs.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Magnetoelectric Bio-Implants Powered and Programmed by a Single Transmitter for Coordinated Multisite Stimulation
Creators: name: Yu, Zhanghao
name: Chen, Joshua C.
name: He, Yan
name: Alrashdan, Fatima T.
name: Avants, Benjamin W.
name: Singer, Amanda
name: Robinson, Jacob T.
name: Yang, Kaiyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This article presents a hardware platform including stimulating implants wirelessly powered and controlled by a shared transmitter (TX) for coordinated leadless multisite stimulation. The adopted novel single-TX, multiple-implant structure can flexibly deploy stimuli, improve system efficiency, easily scale stimulating channel quantity, and relieve efforts in device synchronization. In the proposed system, a wireless link leveraging magnetoelectric (ME) effect is co-designed with a robust and efficient system-on-chip (SoC) to enable reliable operation and individual programming of every implant. Each implant integrates a 0.8-mm2 chip, a 6-mm2 ME film, and an energy storage capacitor within a 6.2-mm3 size. ME power transfer is capable of safely transmitting milliwatt power to devices placed several centimeters away from the TX coil, maintaining good efficiency with size constraints, and tolerating 60 degree, 1.5-cm misalignment in angular and lateral movement. The SoC robustly operates with 2-V source amplitude variations that spans a 40-mm TX-implant distance change, realizes individual addressability through physical unclonable function (PUF) IDs, and achieves 90% efficiency for 1.5-3.5-V stimulation with fully programmable stimulation parameters.
description: This paper has been published in IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2021
Nanospheres with Patches Arranged in Polyhedrons from Self-Assembly of Solution-State Diblock Copolymers under Spherical Confinement
Creators: name: Wu, Jiaping
name: Wang, Xin
name: Wang, Zheng
name: Yin, Yuhua
name: Jiang, Run
name: Li, Yao
name: Li, Baohui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-assembly of sphere-forming solution-state amphiphilic diblock copolymers under spherical nanopore confinement is investigated using a simulated annealing technique. For two types of cases of different pore-surface/copolymer interactions, sequences of self-assembled patchy nanospheres are obtained, and phase diagrams are constructed. Self-assembled patchy nanospheres with 1-21 solvophobic domains are observed. The outermost solvophobic domains (patches) are packed into various polyhedrons when their number is larger than 3, where three Platonic solids of a regular tetrahedron, an octahedron, and an icosahedron and seven Johnson solids of J12, J13, J17, J50, J51, J86, and J87 are identified. In addition, another Johnson solid of J84 is identified in a structure with two categories of B-domains. These polyhedrons have all or most of their faces in a triangular shape, and hence, they are closer to spherical in shape, which may relieve the chain stretching. Nanospheres with 1, 4, 6, 9, and 12 numbers of patches occur in relatively large windows in the phase diagrams of both types of cases. In one of the two types of cases, all nanospheres with any number of 1-14 patches occur in the phase diagram, whereas in the other type of cases, nanospheres with 2, 3, 5, 11, and 13 numbers of patches are absent in the phase diagram. Furthermore, at a given pore size, the number of patches changes nonmonotonically or is unchanged with an increase in the strength of the pore-surface/copolymer interactions for one type or the other type of case, respectively. Quantitative calculations are performed to elucidate mechanisms of the window size in the phase diagrams of nanospheres with different numbers of patches and structure details.
Effects of squeezing on quantum nonlocality of superpositions of coherent states
Creators: name: Lee, Chang-Woo
name: Jeong, Hyunseok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze effects of squeezing upon superpositions of coherent states (SCSs) and entangled coherent states (ECSs) for Bell-inequality tests. We find that external squeezing can always increase the degrees of Bell violations, if the squeezing direction is properly chosen, for the case of photon parity measurements. On the other hand, when photon on/off measurements are used, the squeezing operation can enhance the degree of Bell violations only for moderate values of amplitudes and squeezing. We point out that a significant improvement is required over currently available squeezed SCSs in order to directly demonstrate a Bell-inequality violation in a real experiment.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A
An Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Model based on Dual-module Adversarial Training
Creators: name: Yang, Yiju
name: Zhang, Tianxiao
name: Li, Guanyu
name: Kim, Taejoon
name: Wang, Guanghui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a dual-module network architecture that employs a domain discriminative feature module to encourage the domain invariant feature module to learn more domain invariant features. The proposed architecture can be applied to any model that utilizes domain invariant features for unsupervised domain adaptation to improve its ability to extract domain invariant features. We conduct experiments with the Domain-Adversarial Training of Neural Networks (DANN) model as a representative algorithm. In the training process, we supply the same input to the two modules and then extract their feature distribution and prediction results respectively. We propose a discrepancy loss to find the discrepancy of the prediction results and the feature distribution between the two modules. Through the adversarial training by maximizing the loss of their feature distribution and minimizing the discrepancy of their prediction results, the two modules are encouraged to learn more domain discriminative and domain invariant features respectively. Extensive comparative evaluations are conducted and the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art in most unsupervised domain adaptation tasks.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2108.00610
Coherent states of quantum spacetimes for black holes and de Sitter spacetime
Creators: name: Cirilo-Lombardo, Diego J.
name: Sanchez, Norma G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a group theory approach to coherent states describing quantum space-time and its properties. This provides a relativistic framework for the metric of a Riemmanian space with bosonic and fermionic coordinates, its continuum and discrete states, and a kind of {\it"quantum optics"} for the space-time. {\bf New} results of this paper are: (i) The space-time is described as a physical coherent state of the complete covering of the SL(2C) group, eg the Metaplectic group Mp(n). (ii) (The discrete structure arises from its two irreducible: $\textit{even}$ $(2n)$ and $\textit{odd}$ $(2n\;+\;1)\;$ representations, ($n = 1,\, 2, \,3\,...$ ), spanning the complete Hilbert space $\mathcal{H} = \mathcal{H}_{odd}\oplus \mathcal{H}_{even}$. Such a global or {\it complete} covering guarantees the CPT symmetry and unitarity. Large $n$ yields the classical and continuum manifold, as it must be. (iii) The coherent and squeezed states and Wigner functions of quantum-space-time for black holes and de Sitter, and (iv) for the quantum space-imaginary time (instantons), black holes in particular. They encompass the semiclassical space-time behaviour plus high quantum phase oscillations, and notably account for the classical-quantum gravity duality and trans-Planckian domain. The Planck scale consistently corresponds to the coherent state eigenvalue $α= 0$ (and to the $n = 0$ level in the discrete representation). It is remarkable the power of coherent states in describing both continuum and discrete space-time. The quantum space-time description is {\it regular}, there is no any space-time singularity here, as it must be.
description: 47 pages, 4 Figures, Published in Physical Review D, 7 December 2023