cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Photon pair generation in a lossy microring resonator. I. Theory
Creators: name: Alsing, Paul M.
name: Hach, Edwin E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate entangled photon pair generation in a lossy microring resonator using an input-output formalism based on the work of Raymer and McKinstrie (Phys. Rev. A 88, 043819 (2013)) and Alsing, et al. (Phys. Rev. A 95, 053828 (2017)) that incorporates circulation factors that account for the multiple round trips of the fields within the cavity. We consider the nonlinear processes of spontaneous parametric down conversion and spontaneous four wave mixing, and we compute the generated biphoton signal-idler state from a single bus microring resonator, along with the generation, coincidence-to-accidental, and heralding efficiency rates. We compare these generalized results to those obtained by previous works employing the standard Langevin input-output formalism.
description: The original 1705.09227v1 (submitted 25May2017) has been split into two papers (at suggestion of referee). This one (1705.09227v2, Part-I), and a second one, "Photon pair generation in a lossy microring resonator. II. Entanglement in the output mixed Gaussian squeezed state. (arxiv submitted 3Aug2017). Both Part-I and Part-II have been accepted for publication (31Jul2017) in Physical Review A
Linear feature detection algorithm for astronomical surveys - I. Algorithm description
Creators: name: Bektešević, Dino
name: Vinković, Dejan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Computer vision algorithms are powerful tools in astronomical image analyses, especially when automation of object detection and extraction is required. Modern object detection algorithms in astronomy are oriented towards detection of stars and galaxies, ignoring completely detection of existing linear features. With the emergence of wide-field sky surveys, linear features attract scientific interest as possible trails of fast flybys of near-Earth asteroids and meteors. In this work we describe a new linear feature detection algorithm designed specifically for implementation in Big Data astronomy. The algorithm combines a series of algorithmic steps that first remove other objects (stars, galaxies) from the image and then enhance the line to enable more efficient line detection with the Hough algorithm. The rate of false positives is greatly reduced thanks to a step that replaces possible line segments with rectangles and then compares lines fitted to the rectangles with the lines obtained directly from the image. The speed of the algorithm and its applicability in astronomical surveys are also discussed.
description: submitted to MNRAS
Donne di mafia e carcere. Cultura, esperienze e pratiche in una sezione di alta sicurezza
Creators: name: PANZARASA, MARTINA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2018

description: This dissertation analyses the mafia culture?s mechanism of adaptation and reproduction in a female high security section. It is an attempt to approach mafia phenomenon by considering its members? perspective. Using qualitative research methods, it focuses on the representations, the narrative strategies and the practices of interaction of detained mafia women. More specifically, it explores: i) the family life representations with regard to the female role and the family practices which are for the benefit of the criminal organization; ii) the main discourse mechanisms employed in defining the self; iii) the aspects of mafia cultural repertory reproduced and elaborated to interact in prison. The study enlightens the crucial role of mafia cultural repertory in shaping the cooperative relationship, which is built up in the high security session together with the staff.
Coaction functors, II
Creators: name: Kaliszewski, S.
name: Landstad, Magnus B.
name: Quigg, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 46L55, Secondary 46M15

description: In further study of the application of crossed-product functors to the Baum-Connes Conjecture, Buss, Echterhoff, and Willett introduced various other properties that crossed-product functors may have. Here we introduce and study analogues of these properties for coaction functors, making sure that the properties are preserved when the coaction functors are composed with the full crossed product to make a crossed-product functor. The new properties for coaction functors studied here are functoriality for generalized homomorphisms and the correspondence property. We particularly study the connections with the ideal property. The study of functoriality for generalized homomorphisms requires a detailed development of the Fischer construction of maximalization of coactions with regard to possibly degenerate homomorphisms into multiplier algebras. We verify that all "KLQ" functors arising from large ideals of the Fourier-Stieltjes algebra $B(G)$ have all the properties we study, and at the opposite extreme we give an example of a coaction functor having none of the properties.
description: minor revisions
An equivalence principle between polynomial and simultaneous Diophantine approximation
Creators: name: Schleischitz, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11J13, 11J82, 11J83

description: We show that Mahler's classification of real numbers $ζ$ with respect to the growth of the sequence $(w_{n}(ζ))_{n\geq 1}$ is equivalently induced by certain natural assumptions on the decay of the sequence $(λ_{n}(ζ))_{n\geq 1}$ concerning simultaneous rational approximation. Thereby we obtain a much clearer picture on simultaneous approximation to successive powers of a real number in general. Another variant of the Mahler classification concerning uniform approximation by algebraic numbers is shown as well. Our method has several applications to classic exponents of Diophantine approximation and metric theory. We deduce estimates on the Hausdorff dimension of well-approximable vectors on the Veronese curve and refine the best known upper bound for the exponent $\widehatλ_{n}(ζ)$ for even $n\geq 4$.
description: 33 pages, 2 figures
Nonlinear dispersive waves in repulsive lattices
Creators: name: Mehrem, A.
name: Jiménez, N.
name: Salmerón-Contreras, L.
name: García-Andrés, X.
name: García-Raffi, L. M.
name: Picó, R.
name: Sánchez-Morcillo, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The propagation of nonlinear waves in a lattice of repelling particles is studied theoretically and experimentally. A simple experimental setup is proposed, consisting in an array of coupled magnetic dipoles. By driving harmonically the lattice at one boundary, we excite propagating waves and demonstrate different regimes of mode conversion into higher harmonics, strongly influenced by dispersion and discreteness. The phenomenon of acoustic dilatation of the chain is also predicted and discussed. The results are compared with the theoretical predictions of $α$-FPU equation, describing a chain of masses connected by nonlinear quadratic springs. The results can be extrapolated to other systems described by this equation.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Efficient device-independent entanglement detection for multipartite systems
Creators: name: Baccari, Flavio
name: Cavalcanti, Daniel
name: Wittek, Peter
name: Acín, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement is one of the most studied properties of quantum mechanics for its application in quantum information protocols. Nevertheless, detecting the presence of entanglement in large multipartite sates continues to be a great challenge both from the theoretical and the experimental point of view. Most of the known methods either have computational costs that scale inefficiently with the number of particles or require more information on the state than what is attainable in everyday experiments. We introduce a new technique for entanglement detection that provides several important advantages in these respects. First, it scales efficiently with the number of particles, thus allowing for application to systems composed by up to few tens of particles. Second, it needs only the knowledge of a subset of all possible measurements on the state, therefore being apt for experimental implementation. Moreover, since it is based on the detection of nonlocality, our method is device independent. We report several examples of its implementation for well-known multipartite states, showing that the introduced technique has a promising range of applications.
description: 8 pages + 2.5 pages of appendices, 2 figures, computational appendix is available at https://github.com/FlavioBaccari/Hierarchy-for-nonlocality-detection, comments and suggestions are welcome. Version updated to match the published one
title: Thermodiffusion of Solutes in Nanoporous Materials
Creators: name: Yang, Yuankai
name: Deissmann, Guido
name: Wang, Moran
name: Bosbach, Dirk
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Thermodiffusion describes the motion of solutes along a temperature gradient, also called the Soret effect. With respect to the geological disposal of high-level radioactive wastes, a better understanding of the thermodiffusion of solutes in geomaterials is essential for the evaluation of radionuclide migration for scenarios of early canister failure during the thermal phase of the repository. In nanoporous (geo)materials (e.g., clay rocks, cementitious materials), the interaction of ions with mineral surfaces plays an important role for the motion of ions, but its theoretical understanding is still incomplete. In this work, we investigated the thermodiffusion of charged tracers in saturated nanoporous silica using complementary experiments and simulations. The fluxes of potassium tracers in the porous solid under different external temperature gradients were determined by through diffusion experiments. To reveal the mechanisms of thermodiffusion of nanoconfined ions, a coupled thermal-electrochemical model was developed to analyze the different contributions to the ion flux. Our model shows that the gradient of the surface charge density induced by the applied temperature field leads to electrophoretic ionic mobility, which significantly promotes ionic transport compared to the classical thermophoretic motion. This study improves the understanding of the underlying mechanisms that govern the transport of solutes in nanoporous geomaterials under an external temperature gradient.
DR2-Net: Deep Residual Reconstruction Network for Image Compressive Sensing
Creators: name: Yao, Hantao
name: Dai, Feng
name: Zhang, Dongming
name: Ma, Yike
name: Zhang, Shiliang
name: Zhang, Yongdong
name: Tian, Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most traditional algorithms for compressive sensing image reconstruction suffer from the intensive computation. Recently, deep learning-based reconstruction algorithms have been reported, which dramatically reduce the time complexity than iterative reconstruction algorithms. In this paper, we propose a novel \textbf{D}eep \textbf{R}esidual \textbf{R}econstruction Network (DR$^{2}$-Net) to reconstruct the image from its Compressively Sensed (CS) measurement. The DR$^{2}$-Net is proposed based on two observations: 1) linear mapping could reconstruct a high-quality preliminary image, and 2) residual learning could further improve the reconstruction quality. Accordingly, DR$^{2}$-Net consists of two components, \emph{i.e.,} linear mapping network and residual network, respectively. Specifically, the fully-connected layer in neural network implements the linear mapping network. We then expand the linear mapping network to DR$^{2}$-Net by adding several residual learning blocks to enhance the preliminary image. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the DR$^{2}$-Net outperforms traditional iterative methods and recent deep learning-based methods by large margins at measurement rates 0.01, 0.04, 0.1, and 0.25, respectively. The code of DR$^{2}$-Net has been released on: https://github.com/coldrainyht/caffe\_dr2
description: Add the code link
title: Mineralogy determines Co and Ni extraction from laterites via bioleaching and chemical leaching
Creators: name: Stankovic, Srdjan
name: Hetz, Stefanie
name: Goldmann, Simon
name: Gäbler, Hans-Eike
name: Ufer, Kristian
name: Martin, Mirko
name: Haubrich, Frank
name: Marbler, Herwig
name: Schippers, Axel
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Laterite deposits may contain economic grades of cobalt and nickel. Laterite ore processing is challenging, especially for iron-rich, limonitic laterites. The BMBF-funded CLIENT II project BioProLat aims to develop a biohydrometallurgical process for laterites from Brazil. Bioleaching experiments with different ore samples, addition of elemental sulfur and different cultures of acidophilic bacteria were conducted in 2L stirred tank bioreactors under aerobic or anaerobic conditions at different temperatures at low pH. Additionally, column experiments were performed to simulate heap bioleaching. Mobilisation of cobalt via bioleaching was in the range of 68-88 %, while dissolved nickel was between 17 % and 56 %. Mineralogical and geochemical analysis (XRD, SEM- MLA, DSC, LA-ICP-TOFMS, XRF) of the original ore samples as well as leaching residues was conducted to (i) identify mineral phases, which are attacked by bioleaching and (ii) estimate the portions of Co and Ni, which are released by bioleaching of different mineral phases. Cobalt was mostly hosted by Mn-rich mineral phases (e.g. asbolane), which were dissolved via bioleaching. Nickel was present in Mn-rich minerals (e.g. asbolane) and magnesium silicates (e.g. serpentine) also being dissolved via bioleaching. However, most of the nickel occurred in goethite which was almost not dissolved via bioleaching. Chemical leaching tests supported bioleaching results. For a high cobalt and nickel recovery a combined chemical leaching with bioleaching offers an option for laterite processing.
Noisy independent component analysis of auto-correlated components
Creators: name: Knollmüller, Jakob
name: Enßlin, Torsten A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We present a new method for the separation of superimposed, independent, auto-correlated components from noisy multi-channel measurement. The presented method simultaneously reconstructs and separates the components, taking all channels into account and thereby increases the effective signal-to-noise ratio considerably, allowing separations even in the high noise regime. Characteristics of the measurement instruments can be included, allowing for application in complex measurement situations. Independent posterior samples can be provided, permitting error estimates on all desired quantities. Using the concept of information field theory, the algorithm is not restricted to any dimensionality of the underlying space or discretization scheme thereof.
CELLULAR DETERMINANTS OF ECTOPIC BONE FORMATION IN ALBRIGHT HEREDITARY OSTEODYSTROPHY, PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM AND GNAS-RELATED DISEASES
Creators: name: BOLDRIN, VALENTINA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2017

description: Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a term used to identify a heterogeneous group of rare diseases associated with genetic and/or epigenetic defects at the imprinted GNAS locus, that encodes also for the ? subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gs?). Most GNAS-based disorders share the common feature of episodic de novo formation of heterotopic ossifications (HO), a pathological formation of bone in extra-skeletal tissues. The mosaic tissue distribution of HOs suggested that their pathogenesis involved the abnormal differentiation of precursor cells located in subcutaneous tissues, mesenchymal stem cells, and that GNAS defects provided a sensitized background promoting osteoblastogenesis. This study attempted to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying HO formation in GNASrelated diseases, as, although the growing knowledge, they are not completely understood. To this aim, we developed an in vitro human model of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) from surgically removed samples of subcutaneous fat of healthy donors. Firstly, we confirmed the ability of our ADMSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes by specific biochemical assays, stainings and lineage-specific markers expression. We determined that in vitro manipulation did not affect the maintenance of GNAS imprinting status. Finally, In order to investigate the effect of GNAS haploinsufficiency, we transfected ADMSCs with siRNAs designed to specifically silence different GNAS transcripts, obtaining an efficiency of about 75% at day 4, which decreased at about 50% at day 21. Then, we analyzed the expression of different osteogenic markers in GNAS-silenced ADMSCs and we observed that Gs alpha haploinsufficiency promoted their commitment towards the osteoblastic differentiation. In conclusion, our study showed that ADMSCs are a good model to study the osteogenic differentiation and the formation of HOs in GNAS-related diseases. In particular, we observed that GNAS silencing promotes ADMSCs commitment towards the osteoblast lineage, even in the absence of additional osteogenic-inducing stimuli. Moreover, no significant differences due to use of different GNAS siRNAs were observed, further supporting the hypothesis that the formation of ectopic bone in GNAS-related diseases is predominantly Gs?-mediated.
LA FORMAZIONE DI UNA CLASSE DIRIGENTE FRA RISORGIMENTO ED ET� POSTUNITARIA. IL CASO DI CREMONA (1859-1880)
Creators: name: CASTAGNIDOLI, FRANCESCO
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2015

description: The research analyses the formation of the ruling class of Cremona from 1859 to 1880. In particular, it wants to study the relationship between centre and periphery, the electoral campaigns and the management of the local administration.
THE POLITICISATION OF SOCIAL EUROPE. CONFLICT DYNAMICS IN THE POST-CRISIS DEBATE OVER EU SOCIAL AND EMPLOYMENT POLICIES
Creators: name: CORTI, FRANCESCO
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2020

description: The bulk of the literature on ?Social Europe? has described the latest development of the social dimensions of the E(M)U in negative terms by referring to the absorption, the displacement, the decline and the marginalization of the EU social policies. Notably, the ruling of the European Court of Justice and the new post-crisis governance of the Economic and Monetary Union have contributed to increase the centrality of social issues in the European public debate, exacerbate the conflicts between political actors on EU social and employment policy and mount the dissensus towards the European integration process. While academic literature has broadly focused on the mobilization of political parties in defense of national welfare states against the EU ?intrusiveness? into domestic decision-making and on the heightened politicization of EU affairs at the domestic level, less attention has been paid to the ?politicization of Social Europe?, and especially to the configuration of the political conflicts over social integration at the EU level. Indeed, traditional literature on dimensions of politics in the European Parliament and the Council has ignored the specific conflict dynamics that characterize the political debate in this specific policy area. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to fill this gap, and especially so by focusing on the new conflict constellations that emerged in the aftermath of the EU crisis. Drawing on the ?clash syndrome? theory elaborated by Ferrera, I argue that the political debate over EU social integration is characterized by the overlapping of four lines of conflict of a functional, normative and territorial nature. Contrary to traditional literature, which has described the conflict over EU integration as mainly one- or bi-dimensional, the main finding of this thesis is that the political confrontation over EU social and employment policy is characterised by the coexistence of multiple and criss-crossing divides, which differently combine according to the arena where the debate takes place, the actors involved, the rules of the decision-making process and the issue at stake. The way these political divides interact leads to the creation of different conflict constellations, which can hinder the adoption of specific social policy proposal, but that can also open possibility spaces for the emergence of new coalitions that facilitate the adoption of an ambitious Social policy agenda.
Second order structural phase transitions, free energy curvature, and temperature-dependent anharmonic phonons in the self-consistent harmonic approximation: theory and stochastic implementation
Creators: name: Bianco, Raffaello
name: Errea, Ion
name: Paulatto, Lorenzo
name: Calandra, Matteo
name: Mauri, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The self-consistent harmonic approximation is an effective harmonic theory to calculate the free energy of systems with strongly anharmonic atomic vibrations, and its stochastic implementation has proved to be an efficient method to study, from first-principles, the anharmonic properties of solids. The free energy as a function of average atomic positions (centroids) can be used to study quantum or thermal lattice instability. In particular the centroids are order parameters in second-order structural phase transitions such as, e.g., charge-density-waves or ferroelectric instabilities. According to Landau's theory, the knowledge of the second derivative of the free energy (i.e. the curvature) with respect to the centroids in a high-symmetry configuration allows the identification of the phase-transition and of the instability modes. In this work we derive the exact analytic formula for the second derivative of the free energy in the self-consistent harmonic approximation for a generic atomic configuration. The analytic derivative is expressed in terms of the atomic displacements and forces in a form that can be evaluated by a stochastic technique using importance sampling. Our approach is particularly suitable for applications based on first-principles density-functional-theory calculations, where the forces on atoms can be obtained with a negligible computational effort compared to total energy determination. Finally we propose a dynamical extension of the theory to calculate spectral properties of strongly anharmonic phonons, as probed by inelastic scattering processes. We illustrate our method with a numerical application on a toy model that mimics the ferroelectric transition in rock-salt crystals such as SnTe or GeTe.
Large stable oscillations due to Hopf bifurcations in amplitude dynamics of colliding soliton sequences
Creators: name: Peleg, Avner
name: Chakraborty, Debananda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the amplitudes of optical solitons in nonlinear multisequence optical waveguide coupler systems with weak linear and cubic gain-loss exhibit large stable oscillations along ultra-long distances. The large stable oscillations are caused by supercritical Hopf bifurcations of the equilibrium states of the Lotka-Volterra (LV) models for dynamics of soliton amplitudes. The predictions of the LV models are confirmed by numerical simulations with the coupled cubic nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) propagation models with $2 \le N \le 4$ pulse sequences. Thus, we provide the first demonstration of intermediate nonlinear amplitude dynamics in multisequence soliton systems, described by the cubic NLS equation. Our findings are also an important step towards realization of spatio-temporal chaos with multiple periodic sequences of colliding NLS solitons.
description: Longer version with 22 pages and 16 figures
Stellar Abundances for Galactic Archaeology Database IV - Compilation of Stars in Dwarf Galaxies
Creators: name: Suda, Takuma
name: Hidaka, Jun
name: Aoki, Wako
name: Katsuta, Yutaka
name: Yamada, Shimako
name: Fujimoto, Masayuki Y.
name: Ohtani, Yukari
name: Masuyama, Miyu
name: Noda, Kazuhiro
name: Wada, Kentaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have constructed the database of stars in the local group using the extended version of the SAGA (Stellar Abundances for Galactic Archaeology) database that contains stars in 24 dwarf spheroidal galaxies and ultra faint dwarfs. The new version of the database includes more than 4500 stars in the Milky Way, by removing the previous metallicity criterion of [Fe/H] <= -2.5, and more than 6000 stars in the local group galaxies. We examined a validity of using a combined data set for elemental abundances. We also checked a consistency between the derived distances to individual stars and those to galaxies in the literature values. Using the updated database, the characteristics of stars in dwarf galaxies are discussed. Our statistical analyses of alpha-element abundances show that the change of the slope of the [alpha/Fe] relative to [Fe/H] (so-called "knee") occurs at [Fe/H] = -1.0+-0.1 for the Milky Way. The knee positions for selected galaxies are derived by applying the same method. Star formation history of individual galaxies are explored using the slope of the cumulative metallicity distribution function. Radial gradients along the four directions are inspected in six galaxies where we find no direction dependence of metallicity gradients along the major and minor axes. The compilation of all the available data shows a lack of CEMP-s population in dwarf galaxies, while there may be some CEMP-no stars at [Fe/H]
description: 48 pages in single column format, 14 figures, accepted by PASJ. The SAGA database is available at http://sagadatabase.jp
Photoinduced Domain Pattern Transformation in Ferroelectric/Dielectric Superlattices
Creators: name: Ahn, Youngjun
name: Park, Joonkyu
name: Pateras, Anastasios
name: Rich, Matthew B.
name: Zhang, Qingteng
name: Chen, Pice
name: Yusuf, Mohammed H.
name: Wen, Haidan
name: Dawber, Matthew
name: Evans, Paul G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nanodomain pattern in ferroelectric/dielectric superlattices transforms to a uniform polarization state under above-bandgap optical excitation. X-ray scattering reveals a disappearance of domain diffuse scattering and an expansion of the lattice. The reappearance of the domain pattern occurs over a period of seconds at room temperature, suggesting a transformation mechanism in which charge carriers in long-lived trap states screen the depolarization field. A Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire model predicts changes in lattice parameter and a critical carrier concentration for the transformation.
Minimal Fundamental Partial Compositeness
Creators: name: Cacciapaglia, Giacomo
name: Gertov, Helene
name: Sannino, Francesco
name: Thomsen, Anders Eller
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Building upon the fundamental partial compositeness framework we provide consistent and complete composite extensions of the standard model. These are used to determine the effective operators emerging at the electroweak scale in terms of the standard model fields upon consistently integrating out the heavy composite dynamics. We exhibit the first effective field theories matching these complete composite theories of flavour and analyse their physical consequences for the third generation quarks. Relations with other approaches, ranging from effective analyses for partial compositeness to extra dimensions as well as purely fermionic extensions, are briefly discussed. Our methodology is applicable to any composite theory of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking featuring a complete theory of flavour.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures. v2: NDA counting clarified, basis of kinetic operators completed, main conclusions unchanged
Quantum key distribution protocol based on contextuality monogamy
Creators: name: Singh, Jaskaran
name: Bharti, Kishor
name: Arvind
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The security of quantum key distribution protocols hinges upon features of physical systems that are uniquely quantum in nature. We explore the role of quantumness as qualified by quantum contextuality, in quantum key distribution schemes. We present a new quantum key distribution protocol whose security depends uponthe KCBS inequality and contextuality monogamy. We explicitly calculate the key rate, error rate introduced between Alice-Bob communication due to the presence of Eve, and the information-gain by Eve. This protocol provides a new framework for quantum key distribution which has conceptual and practical advantages over other quantum protocols.
description: Minor Changes New proof added
Closure operators, frames, and neatest representations
Creators: name: Egrot, Rob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 06A15

description: Given a poset $P$ and a standard closure operator $Γ:\wp(P)\to\wp(P)$ we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the lattice of $Γ$-closed sets of $\wp(P)$ to be a frame in terms of the recursive construction of the $Γ$-closure of sets. We use this condition to show that given a set $\mathcal{U}$ of distinguished joins from $P$, the lattice of $\mathcal{U}$-ideals of $P$ fails to be a frame if and only if it fails to be $σ$-distributive, with $σ$ depending on the cardinalities of sets in $\mathcal{U}$. From this we deduce that if a poset has the property that whenever $a\wedge(b\vee c)$ is defined for $a,b,c\in P$ it is necessarily equal to $(a\wedge b)\vee (a\wedge c)$, then it has an $(ω,3)$-representation. This answers a question from the literature.
description: Revised versions make minor corrections and slight changes to exposition
title: Education through fascination: looking for ways to promote geoscience
Creators: name: Kogan, Ilja
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The course of recent debates on global warming, biodiversity crises, pandemics and anti-pandemic measures, racism, or military conflicts demonstrates how quickly societies become emotionally driven and unsusceptible to evidence. Changes in the use of media indicate impatience of the users, limiting the attention span that would be needed to comprehend complex causalities. Are we witnessing the decline of classic natural sciences, whose approach is genuinely explorative and requires collecting facts prior to arranging them in models?

Earth sciences gather knowledge on the development of geo- and biosphere through time, exemplified in collection objects such as minerals, rock samples and fossils. Visitors are attracted by the beauty, age, authenticity of the specimens or the complexity of processes that led to their formation. Most frequently, however, museum exhibitions present original specimens alongside their interpretation, while the process of research remains underrepresented. This hampers a general broad understanding of science among non-specialists.

Museums and collections can help promoting geosciences for a broader audience by combining methodological insight with the fascination of the object. Apart from the traditional ways of communicating science via popular talks and publications, new formats like science slams, cross-over exhibitions and especially digital tools that can be integrated in exhibitions are designed to facilitate access to research methods and principles.

Reliable visitor analytics is needed to evaluate the success of science communication in limited model projects. Determining best practices and sharing them within the geoscientific community should contribute to arousing awareness and understanding for Earth sciences in the society.
Higher-order radiative corrections for $b{\bar b} \rightarrow H^- W^+$
Creators: name: Kidonakis, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present higher-order radiative corrections from collinear and soft gluon emission for the associated production of a charged Higgs boson with a $W$ boson. The calculation uses expressions from resummation at next-to-leading-logarithm accuracy. From the resummed cross section I derive analytical formulas at approximate NNLO and N$^3$LO. Total cross sections are presented for the process $b{\bar b} \rightarrow H^- W^+$ at various LHC energies. The transverse-momentum and rapidity distributions of the charged Higgs boson are also calculated.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures; additional material in v2
Single crystal growth and physical property characterizations of mixed valent compound YbFe$_2$Al$_{10}$
Creators: name: Lv, J. L.
name: Chen, R. Y.
name: Wang, H. P.
name: Luo, J. L.
name: Wang, N. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report single crystal growth and physical properties characterization of YbFe$_2$Al$_{10}$ compounds. The measurements of resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat show different behaviors from previous studies on polycrystal samples. A mixed valent characteristic with moderate mass enhancement is indicated. In particular, the optical spectroscopy measurement reveals formation of multiple hybridization energy gaps which become progressively pronounced at low temperature. The multiple hybridization energy gaps are likely caused by the hybridizations between the flat band from Yb 4$f$ electrons and different bands of conduction electrons.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
The absence of the selfaveraging property of the entanglement entropy of disordered free fermions in one dimension
Creators: name: Pastur, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the macroscopic system of free lattice fermions in one dimensions assuming that the one-body Hamiltonian of the system is the one dimensional discrete Schrödinger operator with independent identically distributed random potential. We show that the variance of the entanglement entropy of the segment $[-M,M]$ of the system is bounded away from zero as $% M\rightarrow \infty $. This manifests the absence of the selfaveraging property of the entanglement entropy in our model, meaning that in the one-dimensional case the complete description of the entanglement entropy is provided by its whole probability distribution. This also may be contrasted the case of dimension two or more, where the variance of the entanglement entropy per unit surface area vanishes as $M\rightarrow \infty $ \cite{El-Co:17}, thereby guaranteing the representativity of its mean for large $M$ in the multidimensional case.
Polarons Explain Luminescence Behavior of Colloidal Quantum Dots at Low Temperature
Creators: name: Khosla, Meenakshi
name: Rao, Sravya
name: Gupta, Shilpi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Luminescence properties of colloidal quantum dots have found applications in imaging, light-sources, and displays. Despite wide interest, several experimental observations from these quantum dots, such as the short lifetime on the scale of microseconds and a zero-longitudinal optical phonon line in low-temperature photoluminescence spectrum, remain unexplained by existing models. Here we propose a model including the effect of solid-state environment on luminescence by capturing coherent and incoherent interactions of band-edge exciton with phonon modes. Our model predicts the formation of dressed states by coupling of the exciton with a confined acoustic phonon mode, and explains the short lifetime and the presence of the zero-longitudinal optical phonon line in the spectrum. Accounting for the interaction of the exciton with bulk phonon modes, the model also explains the experimentally observed temperature-dependence of the photoluminescence decay dynamics and temperature-dependence of the photoluminescence spectrum.
description: 5 figures and 4 supplementary figures; Pure dephasing of dressed dark state neglected, minor changes in figures, conclusions unchanged
Yersinia pestis genomes reveal plague in Britain 4000 years ago.
Creators: name: Swali, Pooja
name: Schulting, Rick
name: Gilardet, Alexandre
name: Kelly, Monica
name: Anastasiadou, Kyriaki
name: Glocke, Isabelle
name: McCabe, Jesse
name: Williams, Mia
name: Audsley, Tony
name: Loe, Louise
name: Fernández-Crespo, Teresa
name: Ordoño, Javier
name: Walker, David
name: Clare, Tom
name: Cook, Geoff
name: Hodkinson, Ian
name: Simpson, Mark
name: Read, Stephen
name: Davy, Tom
name: Silva, Marina
name: Hajdinjak, Mateja
name: Bergström, Anders
name: Booth, Thomas
name: Skoglund, Pontus
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: Genetics & Genomics
Infectious Disease
Ecology,Evolution & Ethology

description: Extinct lineages of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of the plague, have been identified in several individuals from Eurasia between 5000 and 2500 years before present (BP). One of these, termed the 'LNBA lineage' (Late Neolithic and Bronze Age), has been suggested to have spread into Europe with human groups expanding from the Eurasian steppe. Here, we show that the LNBA plague was spread to Europe's northwestern periphery by sequencing three Yersinia pestis genomes from Britain, all dating to ~4000 cal BP. Two individuals were from an unusual mass burial context in Charterhouse Warren, Somerset, and one individual was from a single burial under a ring cairn monument in Levens, Cumbria. To our knowledge, this represents the earliest evidence of LNBA plague in Britain documented to date. All three British Yersinia pestis genomes belong to a sublineage previously observed in Bronze Age individuals from Central Europe that had lost the putative virulence factor yapC. This sublineage is later found in Eastern Asia ~3200 cal BP. While the severity of the disease is currently unclear, the wide geographic distribution within a few centuries suggests substantial transmissibility.
Canonical Interacting Quantum Fields on Two-Dimensional De Sitter Space
Creators: name: Jäkel, Christian D.
name: Mund, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the ${\mathscr P}(φ)_2$ model on de Sitter space in the canonical formulation. We discuss the role of the Noether theorem and we provide explicit expressions for the energy-stress tensor of the interacting model.
description: minor corrections
Travelling waves and their bifurcations in the Lorenz-96 model
Creators: name: van Kekem, Dirk L.
name: Sterk, Alef E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34C23, 37G15, 37G35, 65P30

description: In this paper we study the dynamics of the monoscale Lorenz-96 model using both analytical and numerical means. The bifurcations for positive forcing parameter $F$ are investigated. The main analytical result is the existence of Hopf or Hopf-Hopf bifurcations in any dimension $n\geq4$. Exploiting the circulant structure of the Jacobian matrix enables us to reduce the first Lyapunov coefficient to an explicit formula from which it can be determined when the Hopf bifurcation is sub- or supercritical. The first Hopf bifurcation for $F>0$ is always supercritical and the periodic orbit born at this bifurcation has the physical interpretation of a travelling wave. Furthermore, by unfolding the codimension two Hopf-Hopf bifurcation it is shown to act as an organising centre, explaining dynamics such as quasi-periodic attractors and multistability, which are observed in the original Lorenz-96 model. Finally, the region of parameter values beyond the first Hopf bifurcation value is investigated numerically and routes to chaos are described using bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents. The observed routes to chaos are various but without clear pattern as $n\rightarrow\infty$.
description: 54 pages, 26 figures, 2 tables
Zur Erinnerung an Prof. Dr. Johs. Dierauer, 20. März 1842 - 14. März 1920
Creators: name: Schelling, A.
name: Bütler, P.
name: Escher, Hermann
Publisher: name: Zentralbibliothek Zürich
Year: 1920
Subjects: subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften
subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Dierauer, Johannes
subject: Nachruf
subject: Sankt Gallen
subject: Berneck

description: Lebensbild ; Ansprache von Herrn Prof. Dr. P. Bütler bei der Trauerfeier am 17. März 1920 in der St. Leonhardskirche ; Abschiedsworte von Herrn Dr. Hermann Escher Direktor an der Zentralbibliothek Zürich bei der Bestattung
title: Anoxia – Driver of the Late Permian Mass Extinction in shallow marine basins?
Creators: name: Frank, Anja
name: Grasby, Stephen
name: Foster, William
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The Late Permian mass extinction (LPME) was the most catastrophic extinction of marine life during the Phanerozoic. Widespread marine deoxygenation associated with the eruption of the Siberian Traps is considered one of the main drivers of the drastic diversity decline seen in the fossil record. However, while evidence of photic zone euxinia has been reported for some regions, others appear to have, at least locally, oxic conditions during the LPME. Here we present redox sensitive metal concentrations (e.g. Mo & V) combined with other redox proxies (e.g. V/Cr) from shallow marine carbonate sections from the southern Alps to assess local marine redox during the LPME. Our results show an increase in Mo, V and U in the sediment just prior to the LPME, suggesting the development of local anoxia. However, the sedimentary V/Cr and Ni/Co ratios support consistently (dys-)oxic conditions before and throughout the LPME, with values generally <2 and <4.5, respectively. These seemingly contradictory observations are likely due to increased weathering following the eruption of the Siberian Traps, which could explain the increased concentrations in redox sensitive metals even under oxidizing conditions. This suggest that the LPME within the shallow marine sediment of the southern alps might not have been triggered by deoxygenation, but by other environmental changes, such as temperature rise or increased metal toxicity.
BTZ black hole from Poisson-Lie T-dualizable sigma models with spectators
Creators: name: Eghbali, A.
name: Mehran-nia, L.
name: Rezaei-Aghdam, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-Abelian T-dualization of the BTZ black hole is discussed in detail by using the Poisson-Lie T-duality in the presence of spectators. We explicitly construct a dual pair of sigma models related by Poisson-Lie symmetry. The original model is built on a $2+1$-dimensional manifold ${\cal M} \approx O \times \bf G$, where $\bf G$ as a two-dimensional real non-Abelian Lie group acts freely on ${\cal M}$, while $O$ is the orbit of $\bf G$ in ${\cal M}$. The findings of our study show that the original model indeed is canonically equivalent to the $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) model for a given value of the background parameters. Moreover, by a convenient coordinate transformation we show that this model describes a string propagating in a spacetime with the BTZ black hole metric in such a way that a new family of the solutions to low energy string theory with the BTZ black hole vacuum metric, constant dilaton field and a new torsion potential is found. The dual model is built on a $2+1$-dimensional target manifold $\tilde {\cal M}$ with two-dimensional real Abelian Lie group ${\tilde {\bf G}}$ acting freely on it. We further show that the dual model yields a three-dimensional charged black string for which the mass $M$ and axion charge $Q$ per unit length are calculated. After that, the structure and asymptotic nature of the dual space-time including the horizon and singularity are determined.
description: 20 pages
title: Trace metal mobility during magnetite to hematite transformation in iron ores
Creators: name: Angerer, Thomas
name: Treff, Florian
name: Gudelius, Dominik
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Iron oxides are ubiquitous minerals in the earth’s crust and earth scientist are utilizing their chemical complexity to characterize rock/ore forming conditions. Compared to magnetite, only few studies exist on hematite, although alpha-Fe2O3 is an abundant alteration/weathering/metamorphic product in primarily magnetite-bearing rocks and ores – under certain conditions hematite represents the main iron oxide mineral. Hematitization of magnetite (including pseudomorphism after magnetite, i.e., martitization) take place by coupled dissolution-reprecipitation process (CDR) under redox and non-redox fluid-rock reactions in static or dynamic structural state. These mechanisms have impact on the iron oxide trace elemental budget. In order to understand better the chemistry of metamorphic- and alteration-induced hematitization in various ore settings (iron oxide apatite IOA, Fe-skarns, iron formation and related hematite ore), we report in-situ LA-ICP-MS data from hematite and precursor magnetite. The aims are to test the use of hematite in magnetite discrimination diagrams, and to define element proxies to characterize certain oxide transformation conditions.

Results show that hematitization significantly modify trace metal budgets in iron oxides. Metamorphic hematitization in various domains shows rather consistent depletion of low-valent and enrichment of high-valent elements. Alteration-induced martitization show contrasting mobility, allowing discrimination of hydrothermal from weathering-related condition, even within the same deposit. Elements commonly used in magnetite discrimination diagrams (particularly Al, Ti, Mn, Ni, Co, but also HFSE or REE) are variously modified by up to several orders of magnitudes, meaning that hematite analyses should be avoided in those diagrams. Further examination will aim to explain characteristic element mobility and “fingerprint” ore-forming/-alterating processes, including fluid-rock ratios.