Palumbina Rondani 1876
Creators: name: Ga-Eun Lee 1
name: Houhun Li
name: Taeman Han
name: Haechul Park
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Gelechiidae
Palumbina

description: Palumbina Rondani, 1876
Palumbina Rondani, 1876. Type species: Palumbina terebintella Rondani 1876 (= Palumbina guerinii (Stainton, [1857])), by monotypy.
Thyrsostoma Meyrick, 1907. Type species: Thyrsostoma glaucitis Meyrick, 1907, by monotypy. Synonymized by Sattler, 1982: 25.
Generic character. Head with smooth, glossy scales. Maxillary palpus 4–segmented. Labial palpus recurved, sexually dimorphic and well modified in male: stout or slender, usually shorter than that of female in length, segment II typically with long expansible hair pencil projecting from furrow on ventral surface, segment III with apex pointed or blunt (Figs 6 –14); in female, simple, slender, apex pointed. Antenna 2/3 to 3/4 length of forewing, scape slightly dilated, flagellum modified in male: ventral surface with dense cilia as long as or 1.5̄2.0× width of flagellum (Fig. 15), flagellomeres I and II usually not entirely separated (Figs 16–19), dorsally with shallow or deep depression between flagellomeres IĪII (Figs 20–23).
Thorax various in color. Legs often same coloration as head, marked with black scales; mid tibia typically black at 1/3 and 2/3, usually forming two (Fig. 24), or rarely forming one spot (P. chelophora) (Fig. 25); hind tibia bearing long bristles along basal 2/3 of dorsal margin, with whorls of bristles at apex (Figs 26, 27). Forewing length 7.0̄15.0 mm, lanceolate, covered with glossy scales; ground color whitish grey to fuscous grey, ochreous or olive purple; markings various within genus: a basal fascia sometimes present; a costal patch sometimes from between near base and basal 1/5 reaching fold; a marking at basal 1/4 or 1/5 sometimes inwardly directed in V-shape; a typical transverse antemedian fascia running obliquely from basal 1/3 of costa to basal 1/5 of dorsum, straight or zigzagged; a transverse median fascia sometimes running from middle of costa to basal 1/3 of dorsum, in parallel with antemedian fascia; longitudinal distal streaks, or a distal patch, or a transverse distal fascia from 1/2 to before apex usually present; in a few species, a subapical spot present; male often with white expansible hair pencil beneath costa on ventral surface of forewing (Figs 28, 29). Venation (Figs 30–33): 10 or 1 1 veins, pterostigma indistinct or absent, Sc reaching basal 1/3 or 1/2 of costa, R1 and R2 free, R3 and R4 short stalked, R5 absent, M1 connate with R3+4, M2 connate or short stalked with M3, CuA1 usually parallel to or sometimes connate with M3 (male of P. operaria) (Fig. 32), CuA2 parallel to CuA1, usually indistinct, 1A+2A forked at base. Hindwing narrower than forewing, light grey to dark grey, usually with a row of bristles arising from basal 1/6 to 1/5 of costa. Venation: 8 veins, R1 joining Sc near base, Rs and M1 stalked at distal 1/5, M2 approximate to or remote from M3, CuA1 and CuA2 parallel.
Pregenital abdomen. Segment II with anterior margin slightly convex or nearly straight. Segment VIII well modified in male, sternum VIII large and moderately sclerotized, variable in shape (Figs 34 –46); tergum VIII often elongate laterally, bearing a pair of coremata: variable in length, naturally placed interiorly, expansible when pulled out (Figs 47 –50); in some species, with sclerotized edge, separate and nearly meeting at middle on posterior margin; tergum VIII sometimes not elongate, with coremata externally arising from bilateral end (the macrodelta - group and the P. diplobathra) (Fig. 51); coremata rarely absent (P. guerinii and P. melanotricha). In female, posterior margin of sternum and tergum VII often asymmetrical: sternum VII moderately or deeply concave, nearly U-shaped (Figs 52, 53) or V-shaped (Figs 54, 55), tergum VII slightly longer than sternum VII, nearly U-shaped, sometimes W-shaped (Fig. 56); in the nesoclera -group, posterior margin of sternum and tergum strongly sclerotized (Fig. 57).
Male genitalia. Uncus variably shaped, setose or spinous, culcitula present or absent. Gnathos hook-shaped, variable in length and in thickness, with pointed or broad apex. Tegumen broad, sub-triangular, with anterior margin shallowly or deeply concave, sometimes with a medial process (Fig. 99) and numerous tubercles on ventral surface (Figs 58 –63), rarely with a pair of micropapilla patches (P. chelophora) (Fig. 64). Valva variable in shape, sparsely setose near apex, rarely with spine-like setae (P. spinevalva) (Fig. 101). Sacculus well-developed (the guerinii -group and the grandiunca -group) (Figs 88 –92) or under-developed. Anellus lobe digitate, clubbed, rodshaped, or rarely rudimentary (P. sineloba) (Fig. 100), variable in length, usually with a subapical or apical bristle. Juxta usually simple, in some species with a pair of lateral processes. Vinculum sometimes with a pair of processes as in the macrodelta -group. Saccus broad or slender. Aedeagus variously shaped: straight, curved, S-shaped, coiled or with dorsal extension; typically dilated at base, usually with a slender interior sclerite arising from near base, sometimes exceeding apex.
Female genitalia. Papillae anales setose, apex rounded or rarely pointed (P. acuticula) (Figs 124, 124a). Apophyses anteriores 1/2 to 3/4 length of apophyses posteriores. Segment VIII square or trapezoidal, tergum VIII deeply concave or divided into two sclerites by medial incision, sternum VIII slightly or strongly projecting anteriorly. Ostium bursae small or large, usually rounded, opening near anterior margin of VIII. Antrum sometimes sclerotized. Ductus bursae narrow, with or without collar-like colliculum: if colliculum present, ductus seminalis arising right below it. Corpus bursae oval, round or peanut-shaped, sometimes with microtrichia posteriorly; signum usually with a hook-shaped process or minute denticles, appendix bursae rarely present (P. operaria) (Fig. 122).
Distribution. Oriental, Palearctic, Afrotropical and Australian regions.
Remarks. In the process of dissection, ovoviviparity was observed in this genus. More details will be presented in a follow-up publication (Lee & Li 2018, in press).
description: Published as part of Ga-Eun Lee 1, Houhun Li, Taeman Han & Haechul Park, 2018, A taxonomic review of the genus Palumbina Rondani, 1876 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Thiotrichinae) from China, with descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-73 in Zootaxa 4414 (1) on pages 8-10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4414.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1230220