Aneflomorpha rectilinea Casey
Creators: name: Lingafelter, Steven W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Aneflomorpha
Aneflomorpha rectilinea

description: Aneflomorpha rectilinea Casey
(Fig. 1d, 2h, 5d, 6q, r, 7d, q, r, 8c, o, p, 9c, o, 10d, q, r, 11f, h, 16e)
Aneflomorpha rectilinea Casey 1924: 243.
Aneflomorpha spinicornis Linsley 1935: 147. Synonymy by Linsley (1963: 49).
Aneflomorpha duncani Linsley 1936: 472. Synonymy by Linsley (1963: 49).
Aneflomorpha citrana Chemsak 1960: 49. New synonym.
Diagnosis. Length 9–19 mm, pronotum averages 1.17 times longer than wide, elytra together average 3.71 times longer than wide (Fig. 1d, 2h). Integument dark testaceous, brunneous to piceous. Antennae moderately to strongly carinate (Fig. 9c, o). Spine of third antennomere about twice length of second antennomere and spine of fourth antennomere, projecting away from antennal plane by nearly 45 degrees, acute at apex (Fig. 9c, o). Pronotum with dense punctures partially obscured by recumbent setae, lacking impunctate, median callus (Fig. 5d, 6q, r). Elytral apices bidentate or weakly bispinose (Fig. 8c, o, p). Elytral pubescence white or off-white, mostly recumbent and recurved, with a few scattered long erect to suberect setae (Fig. 7d, q, r). Procoxal cavities closed or nearly closed by broadly expanded prosternal process (Fig. 10d, q, r). Protibia slender, gradually widening apically with the dorsal margin straight and non-carinate (Fig. 11f, h).
Discussion. This is the widest ranging (central Mexico to Colorado), most commonly collected, and most morphologically variable species of Aneflomorpha (Linsley 1963; Heffern 1998; Bezark 2022). The pronounced spine on antennomere three that usually extends away from the antennal plane by 45 degrees, the pronounced antennal carina on the basal antennomeres, the closed or nearly closed procoxal cavities by the broadly expanded apex of the prosternal process, the protibiae not flattened and without a basal carina, and the uniform testaceous, brunneous, to piceous coloration with often gradually darker elytral apices and abdominal sternites aid to distinguish this widespread southwestern United States and northern Mexico distributed species.
Examination of the holotype of A. citrana (Fig. 1d) has not revealed any distinguishing characteristics that would exclude it from A. rectilinea, and therefore, I consider it a new synonym. Despite Linsley (1963) stating that A. citrana differs “in its smaller size and paler color”, the size range given is well within the size range given for A. rectilinea. Linsley further states that the color of A. citrana is variable, “ranging from brownish-testaceous to dark brown” which clearly places it within the color variation of A. rectilinea and somewhat contradicts the previous statement of it having a “paler color”. The records of larval development within non-native trees is most likely just a consequence of the highly polyphagous and opportunistic nature of the adults ovipositing on any suitably sized branch (see discussion of biology with wide range of hostplants below).
The rarely collected A. seminuda is similar, but differs by lacking basal antennal carinae (Fig. 9p); has the spine of the third antennomere only a little longer than the second antennomere and the spine of the fourth antennomere, and not projecting from the antennal plane by more than 35 degrees; has the pronotum as wide as long (Fig. 6s); has more uniform rufous coloration without darkening of elytral apices or abdominal sternites (Fig. 2i, 16f), and has less elongate and narrow proportions than the average A. rectilinea. Small specimens of A. rectilinea can resemble A. minuta and A. crypta, but the pronounced basal antennal carinae (less pronounced in A. minuta and A. crypta, Fig. 9d, k, respectively) and bidentate to bispinose elytral apices of A. rectilinea (truncate or very weakly bidentate in A. crypta and A. minuta, Fig. 8d, k, respectively), will distinguish it from them. Most specimens of A. rectilinea have the pronotal punctures partially obscured by relatively thick, white appressed pubescence unlike A. crypta and A. minuta which have them mostly unobscured by setae. A further character that distinguishes A. rectilinea from A. crypta is the anterior collar of the mesosternum which is divided in A. rectilinea (Fig. 12e) and undivided in A. crypta (Fig. 12b), however this character usually requires partial disarticulation.
From A. yumae it is distinguished by having the protibia not carinate at the base and gradually widening toward the apex (Fig. 11a, h) and having recurved, recumbent setae that are less dense than in A. yumae. In A. yumae, the protibia is flattened and bulging at the base, carinate dorsally, and slightly narrowing medially or straight to apex (Fig. 11j) and the setae are denser, whiter, and more appressed (Fig. 7x).
Distribution and biology. This is the most widespread and most polyphagous species of Aneflomorpha (Linsley 1963; Heffern et al. 2018; Bezark 2022). The species is known from west Texas through New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico, most commonly at elevations below 1700 meters (pers. obs., Linsley 1963). Specimens can be abundant at lights after the monsoon rains begin in this area. Documented larval hosts include many species of Quercus, Rhus virens, Mimosa dysocarpa (J. Vlasak, pers. comm.), as well as all the hosts documented for specimens previously called A. citrana including Citrus, Prunus, Morus, Ficus, Euonymus, Gossypium thurberi, (Linsley 1963; D. Heffern, J. Vlasak, pers. comm.). Specimens have been collected from Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray (pers. obs.). The new synonym, A. citrana, was described by Chemsak (1960) from specimens that were collected by P. D. Gerhardt in August from orange trees in Tempe, Arizona. Upon examination of dead and dying branches of approximately 0.25 inches diameter, larvae of this species were discovered internally girdling them (Gerhardt 1961). Gerhardt speculated that other native trees must serve as the natural larval host for A. citrana since Citrus trees are not native to the United States. Specimens identified as A. citrana by J. Vlasak were reared from Indigofera sphaerocarpa A. Gray (Fabaceae) and Rhus aromatica Aiton (Anacardiaceae) (Heffern et al. 2018).
Material examined. USA: California: Joshua Tree National Monument, Pleasant Valley, Liver Wash, 15 July 1965, blacklight, E. L. Sleeper and S. L. Jenkins (TAMU); Arizona: Tucson (lectotype and paralectotype, USNM); Santa Cruz Co., 14 mi. SE Patagonia, 19 July 1978, D. G. Marqua (TAMU); Santa Cruz Co., Peña Blanca Lake, 19 July 2001, J. A. Green (3, JAGC); Santa Cruz Co., Sonoita, 2 km S. Town Center, 31°38′N, 110°39′W, 1–21 July 2014, Malaise Trap, EE Grissell (3, EGCCRC); Santa Cruz Co., Patagonia Mtns., Harshaw Creek, 1577 m, 1 August 1979, at lights, S. McCleve (TAMU); Santa Cruz Co., Sycamore Canyon, Atascosa Mtns, 4200′ el, MV light, 29 July 1998 (ASUC); Santa Cruz Co., Patagonia, 4800′, July 14, 1990 (ASUC); Coconino Co., Sedona, at light (ASUC); Santa Cruz Co., Patagonia, 1615 m, 31° 23.667′ N, 110° 41.325′ W, 11 July 2020, mv/uv lights, Jason T. Botz (SWLC); Santa Cruz Co., Gardner Canyon Road, 5.5 km W of Highway 83, 1500 m, 31.721° N, 110.718° W, 17 July 2020, mv/uv lights, Jason T. Botz (SWLC); Santa Cruz Co., Finley & Adams Canyon, 1255 m, 31° 32.432′ N, 110° 43.882′ W, 24 July 2020, mv/uv lights, Jason T. Botz (SWLC); Santa Cruz Co., Rio Rico, 1056 m, 31° 28′ 8″ N, 110° 58′ 24″ W, 1 July 2016, mv/uv lights, S.W. Lingafelter (SWLC); Nogales, reared from peach twig, #38743 (USNM); Santa Cruz Co., Santa Rita Lodge, Madera Canyon, 13–15 July 1988 (2, ASUC); Santa Cruz Co., Madera Canyon, 16 July 2004, D. Hidebrant (FWSC); Mohave Co., Hualapai Mtn. Road, mile 9, County Highway 147, SE Kingman, 10 August 2019, A.B. Richards, 35.12391°N, 113.91426°W, 1587 m, uv lights (ABRC); Mohave Co., Pinyon Pines Estates, Hualapai Mtns., 20–26 August 1978, F. Hovore (4, FSCA); Mohave Co., Cerbat Mntns, 1430 m, 35.4639°, 114.1935°, 7 July 2015, M. A. Johnston (ASUC); Mohave Co., Burro Creek Campground, 16 mi. S. Wikieup, 2000 ft, 31 August 1991, L. Stange & R. Miller (2, RFMC); Cochise Co., Hunter Canyon, rd. off Hwy 92, Huachuca mtns., 19 July 2017, A.B. Richards and E. G. Chapman, 31.40302°N, 110.25319°W, 1609m (ABRC); Cochise Co., 5 mi. W. Portal, S.W.R.S., 5400′, 1 August 1966, Bruce A. Tilden (BTC); Cochise Co., Dragoon Mtns., Cochise Stronghold, 19 July 1972, D. G. Marqua (6, TAMU); Pinal Co., 7.5 mi. SW Oracle, 20 July 1973, D. G. Marqua (8, TAMU); Cochise Co., nr. SW Research Station, Cave Creek Canyon, 5650′, 31°53k′38″N, 109°12′53″W, 6 August 2003, uv light, E. Riley (2, EGRC); Cochise Co., Hunter Canyon, on Baccharis, 31.40302°N, 110.25319°W, 1609m, 18–19 July 2017, EG Chapman, AB Richards (2, EGCCRC); Cochise Stronghold, 11–15 July 2012, sweetbait trap, F.W. Skillman, Jr. (5, FWSC); Cochise Co., Peloncillo Mtns., 33 mi. east Douglas, 17 July 1973, at light, Scott McCleve (8, TAMU); Graham Co., east end of Aravaipa Canyon, 24–25 July 1974, at light, Scott McCleve (3, TAMU); Cochise Co., Huachuca Mtns., Copper Canyon, 1764 m, 11 July 1978, Scott McCleve (4, TAMU); Cochise Co., Guadalupe Canyon, 2 August 1969, R. J. and J. W. Smith (TAMU); Douglas, 11 July 1973, Scott McCleve (TAMU); San Bernardino Ranch, 14 July 1975, at light, S. McCleve (TAMU); Cochise Co., San Pedro River, Gray Hawk Ranch, 1223 m, 31° 36.215′ N, 110° 09.201′ W, 6 August 2020 (7, SWLC); Cochise Co., Carr Canyon Road just W of Carr House, 1710 m, 31° 26.574′ N, 110° 17.190′ W, 13 July 2021, mv/uv lights (SWLC); Cochise Stronghold, 29 September 2008, Skillman and Turnbow (FWSC, 8); Cochise Co., Mule Mtns., 3.5 km NW Bisbee, 1680 m, 31° 28.161′ N, 109° 58.020′ W, 28 July 2020 (SWLC); Cochise Co., 2 miles East Tombstone, August 5, 1992, R. W. Duff (DJHC); Cochise Co., Copper Canyon, lower 0.75 km of trail, 1850–1950 m, 31° 21.8′ N, 110° 17.8′ W, 27 July 2021, beating Quercus, S. W. Lingafelter (SWLC); Cochise Co., Hunter Canyon trail at parking area, 1630 m, 31° 24.344′ N, 110° 15.417′ W, 25 July 2020, mv/uv lights, S. W. Lingafelter (SWLC); Cochise Co., Geronimo Trail, 11.3 km E of Douglas, 1320 m, 31° 21.042′ N, 109° 23.920′ W, 16 July 2017, On Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray, S. W. Lingafelter (SWLC); Cochise Co., Southwestern Research Station, 1645 m, 31° 53.006′ N, 109° 12.355′ W, 9–18 August 2019, mv/uv lights, S. W. Lingafelter (SWLC); Cochise Co., Southwestern Research Station, 5.5 mi. SW Portal, 5400′, 31° 52′ 59″ N, 109° 12′ 19″ W, 16 July 2001, at lights, S. W. Lingafelter (SWLC); Cochise Co., Hereford, 8920 S. Bryerly Ct., N 31° 24′ 14″, W 110° 13′ 52″, 1500m, 17–19 July 2017, mv/ uv lights, S. W. Lingafelter (3, SWLC); Cochise Co., Huachucas, Miller Canyon, 6000′, 31° 24′ 40″ N, 110° 16′ 52″ W, 17 July 2001, blacklighting, S. W. Lingafelter (5, SWLC); same, but on Mimosa (2, SWLC); Cochise Co., Cave Creek Canyon, Cathedral Vista parking area, 1546 m, 31° 53′ 21″ N, 109° 10′ 9″ W, 16 August 2016, mv/uv lights, S. W. Lingafelter (SWLC); Cochise Co., Basin Trail, Greenhouse Canyon, 1885 m, 31° 52.833′ N, 109° 14.350′ W, 27 July 2020, mv/uv lights, S. W. Lingafelter (SWLC); Cochise Co., east side of Whetstone Mtns., 0.7 mi. W of AZ90, 10.5 mi. N. jct AZ82, 10 July 1993, uv light, W. B. Warner (SWLC); Cochise Co., San Bernardino Wildlife Refuge, 1141 m, 31° 20′ 35.96″ N, 109° 15′ 50.67″ W, 25 July 2017, mv/uv lights, S. W. Lingafelter (SWLC); Cochise Co., west slope of Dragoon Mountains, 20.5 km NE of highway 80, 1695 m, 31° 53.483′ N, 109° 57.750′ W, 3 July 2018, mv/uv lights, S. W. Lingafelter (SWLC); Cochise Co., Cave Creek Canyon, South Fork Cave Creek, 1610 m, 31° 52.377′ N, 109° 11.059′ W, 16 July 2018, mv/uv lights, S. W. Lingafelter (SWLC); Cochise Co., 2 miles E. Tombstone, 5 August 1992, R. Duff (2, DJHC); Cochise Stronghold, 18 July 2004, D. Hildebrant (FWSC); Pima Co., Canoa Ranch Rest Area, I-19 at exit 52, 21 July 2017, A.B. Richards and E. G. Chapman, 31.76550°N, 111.03491°W, 933m (ABRC); Pima Co., Lower Tanque Verde Canyon Trailhead, parking area, 3100′, 32.25465°N, 110.66471°W, 18 July 2012, E. Riley (6, EGRC); Pima Co., 4 mi. S. Arivaca, Fraguita Wash, 10 July 1977, lite, S. McCleve (TAMU); Santa Rita Mtns., Madera Canyon, July, 1971 (3, TAMU); Pima Co., Baboquivari Mtns., Baboquivari Camp, 25–26 July 1973, D. G. Marqua (10, TAMU); Pima Co., Baboquivari Mtns., Baboquivari Camp, 17 July 1972, D. G. Marqua (3, TAMU); Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, 20 July 1976, Mercury vapor light, F. T. Hovore (5, FSCA); Pima Co. 9 mi. NE Arivaca, 14 July 1993, F. W. Skillman, Jr., mv/uv lights (3, ASUC); Pima Co., Proctor Road, Madera Canyon, on Baccharis, 17 July 1995 (ASUC); Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, reared from Gossypium thurberi, em. July 2017, J. Vlasak (SWLC); Pima Co., Lower Madera Canyon, 4 July 2021, in Mimosa dysocarpa, J. Vlasak (SWLC); Pima Co., Baboquivari Mountains, Brown Canyon, Harm House, 1175 m, 31° 45.759′ N, 111° 32.329′ W, 1 August 2021, mv/uv lights, S. W. Lingafelter (4, SWLC); Pima Co., Organ Pipe Mon., uv light, 20 September 1971, M. Druckenbrod (USNM); Pima Co., Highway 62, west end of Box Canyon, 1332 m, 31,799° N, 110.798° W, 25 July 2020, mv/uv lights, Jason T. Botz (SWLC); Pima Co., Madera Canyon, 23–24 July 1971, F. Hovore (SWLC); Yavapai Co., McGuireville Rest Area, NB I-17, exit 296, 15–23 July 2017, A. B. Richards, 34.67240°N, 111.77310°W, 1147 m (2, ABRC); Yavapai Co., Prescott, August 6, 1962 (DJHC); Graham Co., AZ 366, 7.6 mi. from US 191, 32.66611°N, 109.79866°W, 1625 m, blacklight, 17 July 2017, EG Chapman, AB Richards (EGCCRC); Graham Co., Turkey Creek, 1 mi. S. Aravaipa Creek, 11 August 1975, Scott McCleve, at light (4, TAMU); Pinal Co., Oracle, 20 July 1973, D. G. Marqua (3, TAMU); Pinal Co., Oak Flat Campground, August 7, 2013, R. Cunningham (DJHC); Gila Co., Cherry Creek, 6 August 1977, at light, 2000′, Scott McCleve (TAMU); Gila Co., Oak Flat Campground, 19 July 1978, D. B. Thomas (TAMU); Tempe, 5 Aug. 1956, P. D. Gerhardt, On Citrus (holotype of A. citrana, CASC); Coconino Co., Stoneman Lake, July 31, 1971, R. Dunn (DJHC); La Paz Co., Harquahala Peak Summit, 5675′, Alcohol traps, 12S 282807 3743754 UTM, 6 July – 26 October 2019, P. Kaufman (5, ASUC; 2, FWSC); New Mexico: Grant Co., Bayard, 5880′, 9–11 August 1979, C. D. Ferris (2, TAMU); Hidalgo Co., Animas Mtns., Indian Creek, 5–6 August 1979, Scott McCleve (TAMU); Hidalgo Co., Granite Gap, 19 mi. N. of Rodeo, 32° 05′ 15″ N, 108° 58′ 34″ W, 4400′, blacklighting, 22 July 2001, S. W. Lingafelter (3, SWLC); Eddy Co., Carlsbad National Monument, Rattlesnake Springs, 13–15 July 1968, D. G. Marqua (2, TAMU); Catron Co., MP 12.25 of NM Rt 12, N. Reserve, MV trap, N33.7769°, W 108.7134°, D.E. Bowman (SWLC); Luna Co., Rock Hound S. P., 14 mi. SE Deming, 1 August 1989, John B. Heppner (FSCA); Texas: Crosby Co., 8 mi. E. Crosbyton, 4 August 1980, Marlin E. Rice (3, TAMU); Dickens Co., 7 mi. W Dickens, 5 July 1981, reared from Rhus aromatica, Marlin Rice (FSCA); Brewster Co., Chisos Mtns. Basin, 29–31 July 1984, lights, M. E. Rice (2, TAMU); Brewster Co., Big Bend National Park, North Rosillos Mtns. Lodge at Butrill Spring, 12 July 1991, R. Vogtsberger, uv/mv light (3, TAMU); Brewster Co., Chisos Mtn. Basin, Panther Pass, June 22–23, 2001, C. S. Wolfe (DJHC); Presidio Co., Big Bend Ranch State Park, Leyva Campground, uv light, 29.4766°, −103.9461°, 17 July 2021, E. Riley (1, DJHC); Jeff Davis Co., Davis Mtns. Resort, 5800′ (Marqua Residence), UV, 30.62842°N, 104.08360°W, 4–5 July 2009, E and M. L. Riley (EGRC); Jeff Davis Co., Limpia Canyon, 27 June 1967, B. A. Tilden (2, BTC); Jeff Davis Co., Terlingua Ranch, Alpine, 29.45247°, −103.39288°, 23 July 2014, S. Lee, uv light trap (3, ASUC); Jeff Davis Co., 11 mi NE Ft. Davis Rt. 17, 30.68985°, −103.78919°; elev. 4491 ft; 21 July 2014, leg. S. Lee; uv/mv lights (UAIC); Jeff Davis Co., Davis Mountains Resort, July 1–2, 1995, D. J. Heffern, Co. (DJHC); Jeff Davis Co., Davis Mt. State Park, 18–21 July 1973, F. T. Hovore (SWLC); Jeff Davis Co., 5 mi. NW Fort Davis, August 7, 1988, R. S. Zack (DJHC); Jeff Davis Co., Livermore Ranch, Slickrock Canyon, 1920 m, June 26, 2020, W. Godwin, B. Raber (DJHC); Jeff Davis Co., Davis Mtn State Park, July 11, 2001, D. Sundberg (DJHC); Jeff Davis Co., Davis Mountains, Boy Scout Road (FM1832), 1270 m, 30° 48.433′ N, 103° 54.650′ W, 13 August 2015, mv/uv lights, S. W. Lingafelter (4, SWLC); Val Verde Co., 30 miles NNW Del Rio, vicinity of Gold Mine Canyon, 29.802° N, 100.937° W; 14–15 August 2021, 425 m., mv/uv lights, B. Raber and D. Heffern (9, DJHC); same but emerged from Rhus virens, June 2021; Utah (new state record): Washington Co., New Harmony at Highway I-15, 31 August 2009, D. Cavan (DJHC); Washington Co., Zion National Park, 29 August 1941, M. Harris (CMNH); Zion National Park, 2000′, 15 July 1961, R. D. Ward (CMNH); Mexico: Sonora: San Felipe de Jesus, Rancho El Llano, Sierro Los Lochos, 29.8775° N, 110.3872° W, Oak Woodland, 1300m, 5 August 2019, Van Devender & Palting (2, ASUC); MX 16 @ km 155, 5 July 2008, Skillman, C. O’Brien, Ribardo, at light (17, ASUC); 16 km SSE Nacozari de Garcia, la Zuelma, 15 July 2017, 1687 m, 30° 28′ N, 109° 56′ W, Van Devender/Palting (ASUC); Sonora: San Luis Mtns., 31 July 1988, D. Barker (2, TAMU).
description: Published as part of Lingafelter, Steven W., 2022, Revision of Aneflomorpha Casey and Neaneflus Linsley (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) of the United States with an illustrated key to species, pp. 1-59 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (954) on pages 38-39, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7399054