cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fast fourier transform and multi-Gaussian fitting of XRR data to determine the thickness of ALD grown thin films within the initial growth regime
Creators: name: Lammel, Michaela
name: Geishendorf, Kevin
name: Choffel, Marisa
name: Hamann, Danielle
name: Johnson, David
name: Nielsch, Kornelius
name: Thomas, Andy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While a linear growth behavior is one of the fingerprints of textbook atomic layer deposition processes, the growth often deviates from that behavior in the initial regime, i.e. the first few cycles of a process. To properly understand the growth behavior in the initial regime is particularly important for applications that rely on the exact thickness of very thin films. The determination of the thicknesses of the initial regime, however, often requires special equipment and techniques that are not always available. We propose a thickness determination method that is based on X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements on double layer structures, i.e. substrate/base layer/top layer. XRR is a standard thin film characterization method. Utilizing the inherent properties of fast Fourier transformation in combination with a multi-Gaussian fitting routine permits the determination of thicknesses down to $t \approx 2$ nm. We evaluate the boundaries of our model, which are given by the separation and full width at half maximum of the individual Gaussians. Finally, we compare our results from two layer stacks with data from X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, which is a standard method for measuring ultra thin films.
Structures in a class of magnetized scale-free discs
Creators: name: Shen, Yue
name: Liu, Xin
name: Lou, Yu-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct analytically stationary global configurations for both aligned and logarithmic spiral coplanar magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) perturbations in an axisymmetric background MHD disc with a power-law surface mass density $Σ_0\propto r^{-α}$, a coplanar azimuthal magnetic field $B_0\propto r^{-γ}$, a consistent self-gravity and a power-law rotation curve $v_0\propto r^{-β}$ where $v_0$ is the linear azimuthal gas rotation speed. The barotropic equation of state $Π\proptoΣ^{n}$ is adopted for both MHD background equilibrium and coplanar MHD perturbations where $Π$ is the vertically integrated pressure and $n$ is the barotropic index. For a scale-free background MHD equilibrium, a relation exists among $α$, $β$, $γ$ and $n$ such that only one parameter (e.g., $β$) is independent. For a linear axisymmetric stability analysis, we provide global criteria in various parameter regimes. For nonaxisymmetric aligned and logarithmic spiral cases, two branches of perturbation modes (i.e., fast and slow MHD density waves) can be derived once $β$ is specified. To complement the magnetized singular isothermal disc (MSID) analysis of Lou, we extend the analysis to a wider range of $-1/4
description: 25 pages
O Cooperativismo e a Gestão dos Riscos de Mercado: análise da fronteira de eficiência do agronegócio paranaense
Creators: name: Moreira, Vilmar Rodrigues
name: Silva, Christian Luiz Da
name: Moraes, Edmilson Alves De
name: Protil, Roberto Max
name: Moreira, Vilmar Rodrigues
name: Silva, Christian Luiz Da
name: Moraes, Edmilson Alves De
name: Protil, Roberto Max
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: market risk management
subject: portfolio analysis
subject: cooperatives
subject: agribusiness.

description: This article discusses agribusiness market risk management, the influence of agribusiness cooperatives on this practice and assesses the portfolio of agricultural production commodities in the Brazilian state of Paraná regarding the risk-return relation. Through outlining an efficiency frontier, it was possible to determine the necessary changes to be carried out in the state production portfolio aiming at economical efficiency (defined, in the context of this work, as the trade-off between risk and return). The article also assesses the participation of agribusiness cooperatives in the production of items included in the model and the possible influences this type of organization could exert on changes addressed to economical efficiency. Through questionnaires and interviews with cooperative managers, it was possible to assess the cooperative willingness to motivate changes on their production and their member portfolios. It was also possible to verify that the main reasons influencing decisions on production preference changes are related to economical and rational aspects, such as cooperative strategic focus and member resistance. Reasons related to political or social aspects are inherent to the cooperative organizational characteristics, however, in the Paraná’s context these reasons do not exert significant influence on diversification decisions considered as market risk management tools.
Análise de Concorrência no Mercado Mundial de Café Verde
Creators: name: Nishijima, Marislei
name: Saes, Maria Sylvia Macchione
name: Postali, Fernando Antonio Slaibe
name: Nishijima, Marislei
name: Saes, Maria Sylvia Macchione
name: Postali, Fernando Antonio Slaibe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: green coffee
subject: international market
subject: market share.

description: Although Brazil is still the world’s leading exporter of green coffee, current studies demonstrate that Brazil has been losing power in the market, because the existing competition (rivalry and possibility to enter) imposed by countries, such as Colombia and Vietnam, is strong enough to make this market very competitive. Therefore, this paper assesses the competitive profile in the world market for green coffee using econometric tools usually employed in antitrust analysis. To evaluate the consumer behavior, price elasticity of the world demand for green coffee was estimated, by coffee type, using the Multinomial Logit Demand model. To evaluate the supply behavior, tests for market share instability were conducted, in terms of quantity, by using cointegration in panel data. Results reveal an increased competition for the Brazilian coffee from the point of view of the demand, with the maintenance of market shares over time.
Inelastic scattering and local heating in atomic gold wires
Creators: name: Frederiksen, Thomas
name: Brandbyge, Mads
name: Lorente, Nicolas
name: Jauho, Antti-Pekka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method for including inelastic scattering in a first-principles density-functional computational scheme for molecular electronics. As an application, we study two geometries of four-atom gold wires corresponding to two different values of strain, and present results for nonlinear differential conductance vs. device bias. Our theory is in quantitative agreement with experimental results, and explains the experimentally observed mode selectivity. We also identify the signatures of phonon heating.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; minor changes, updated figures, final version published in Phys. Rev. Lett
Anomalous Rotational Relaxation: A Fractional Fokker-Planck Equation Approach
Creators: name: Aydiner, Ekrem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study we obtained analytically relaxation function in terms of rotational correlation functions based on Brownian motion for complex disordered systems in a stochastic framework. We found out that rotational relaxation function has a fractional form for complex disordered systems, which indicates relaxation has non-exponential character obeys to Kohlrausch-William-Watts law, following the Mittag-Leffler decay.
description: Revtex4, 9 pages. Paper was revised. References added
Supplementary Tables and Figure from Behavioural inference from signal processing using animal-borne multi-sensor loggers: a novel solution to extend the knowledge of sea turtle ecology
Creators: name: Jeantet, Lorène
name: Planas-Bielsa, Víctor
name: Benhamou, Simon
name: Geiger, Sebastien
name: Martin, Jordan
name: Siegwalt, Flora
name: Lelong, Pierre
name: Gresser, Julie
name: Etienne, Denis
name: Hiélard, Gaëlle
name: Arque, Alexandre
name: Regis, Sidney
name: Lecerf, Nicolas
name: Frouin, Cédric
name: Abdelwahab Benhalilou
name: Murgale, Céline
name: Maillet, Thomas
name: Andreani, Lucas
name: Campistron, Guilhem
name: Delvaux, Hélène
name: Guyon, Christelle
name: Richard, Sandrine
name: Lefebvre, Fabien
name: Aubert, Nathalie
name: Habold, Caroline
name: Maho, Yvon Le
name: Chevallier, Damien
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: PDF containing the supplementary tables and figure
Optical quantum memory for noble-gas spins based on spin-exchange collisions
Creators: name: Katz, Or
name: Shaham, Roy
name: Reches, Eran
name: Gorshkov, Alexey V.
name: Firstenberg, Ofer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical quantum memories, which store and preserve the quantum state of photons, rely on a coherent mapping of the photonic state onto matter states that are optically accessible. Here we outline and characterize schemes to map the state of photons onto long-lived but optically-inaccessible collective states of noble-gas spins. The mapping employs coherent spin-exchange interaction arising from random collisions with alkali vapor. We propose efficient storage strategies in two operating regimes and analyze their performance for several proposed experimental configurations.
description: O.K. and R.S. contributed equally
Exportações Brasileiras de Suco de Laranja e Subsídios Americanos: uma análise empírica de estratégias comerciais (1991-2006)
Creators: name: Costa, Cássia Kely Favoretto
name: Maia, Sinezio Fernandes
name: Sampaio, Luciano Menezes Bezerra
name: Costa, Cássia Kely Favoretto
name: Maia, Sinezio Fernandes
name: Sampaio, Luciano Menezes Bezerra
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: orange juice exports
subject: models of temporary series
subject: games theory.

description: Brazil and the United States are considered the main participants in the world market of orange juice. United States subsidies affect Brazilian exports of concentrate and frozen orange juice (SLCC, in Portuguese) and the Brazilian participationin theglobal market for the product. Therefore, the objective isto analyze the influence of the American agricultural subsidies on the Brazilian exports of orange juice, in the period between 1991 and 2006. The theoretical model to study the international trade was proposed by Brander and Spencer (1985), Brander (1995) and Brander and Spencer(2007), focusing on imperfect competition incorporating the government intervention. In the empiric approach, a junction of models of temporary series and of theory of the games was elaborated, as instruments to evaluate the effect of the subsidies on the orange juice exports. The conclusion is that the American protection harmed the exporter capacity of Brazil in the analyzed period. One important concluding aspect is the Brazilian participation on the defense of the liberalization of the agricultural trade, for its access to the protected section and for the conquest of new trading partners.
Pair correlation function of short-ranged square-well fluids
Creators: name: Largo, J.
name: Solana, J. R.
name: Yuste, S. B.
name: Santos, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed extensive Monte Carlo simulations in the canonical (NVT) ensemble of the pair correlation function for square-well fluids with well widths $λ-1$ ranging from 0.1 to 1.0, in units of the diameter $σ$ of the particles. For each one of these widths, several densities $ρ$ and temperatures $T$ in the ranges $0.1\leqρσ^3\leq 0.8$ and $T_c(λ)\lesssim T\lesssim 3T_c(λ)$, where $T_c(λ)$ is the critical temperature, have been considered. The simulation data are used to examine the performance of two analytical theories in predicting the structure of these fluids: the perturbation theory proposed by Tang and Lu [Y. Tang and B. C.-Y. Lu, J. Chem. Phys. {\bf 100}, 3079, 6665 (1994)] and the non-perturbative model proposed by two of us [S. B. Yuste and A. Santos, J. Chem. Phys. {\bf 101}, 2355 (1994)]. It is observed that both theories complement each other, as the latter theory works well for short ranges and/or moderate densities, while the former theory does for long ranges and high densities.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
title: Уточнение западной границы Сибирского края в середине 1920-х гг., на примере перехода пограничных селений Боярки и Цветково в Ишимский округ
title: Clarification of the Western Border of the Siberian Territory in the Mid-1920s, on the Example of the Transition of the Border Villages of Boyarki and Tsvetkovo to the Ishim District
Creators: name: Корженевский, Константин Брониславович
Publisher: name: Издательский центр СурГУ
Year: 2021

description: В статье рассматривается процесс перехода нескольких селений Крутинского района Омского округа Сибирского края в Викуловский район Ишимского округа Уральской области. Приводятся основные стадии по прохождению данного вопроса в местных и центральных инстанциях от теоретического изучения к фактической реализации изменения статуса двух поселков. Анализируется непосредственная связь пограничного вопроса с общими процессами становления западной границы Сибирской области.
description: The article discusses the process of transition of several villages of the Krutinsky district of the Omsk district of the Siberian Territory to the Vikulovsky district of the Ishim district of the Ural region. The main stages of the passage of this issue in local and central authorities from theoretical study to the actual implementation of the change in the status of two settlements are given. The direct connection of the border issue with the general processes of formation of the western border of the Siberian region is analyzed.
Large Broadening of the Superconducting Transition by Fluctuations in a 3D Metal at High Magnetic Fields: The MgB$_{2}$ case
Creators: name: Maniv, T.
name: Zhuravlev, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the transition to the low temperature superconducting state in a 3D metal at high magnetic field is smeared dramatically by thermal fluctuation of the superconducting order parameter. The resulting superconducting-to-normal crossover occurs in a vortex liquid state which is extended well below the mean-field $H_{c2}$. Application to MgB$_{2}$ yields good quantitative agreement with recently reported data of dHvA oscillation in the superconducting state.
FedPD: A Federated Learning Framework with Optimal Rates and Adaptivity to Non-IID Data
Creators: name: Zhang, Xinwei
name: Hong, Mingyi
name: Dhople, Sairaj
name: Yin, Wotao
name: Liu, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Federated Learning (FL) has become a popular paradigm for learning from distributed data. To effectively utilize data at different devices without moving them to the cloud, algorithms such as the Federated Averaging (FedAvg) have adopted a "computation then aggregation" (CTA) model, in which multiple local updates are performed using local data, before sending the local models to the cloud for aggregation. However, these schemes typically require strong assumptions, such as the local data are identically independent distributed (i.i.d), or the size of the local gradients are bounded. In this paper, we first explicitly characterize the behavior of the FedAvg algorithm, and show that without strong and unrealistic assumptions on the problem structure, the algorithm can behave erratically for non-convex problems (e.g., diverge to infinity). Aiming at designing FL algorithms that are provably fast and require as few assumptions as possible, we propose a new algorithm design strategy from the primal-dual optimization perspective. Our strategy yields a family of algorithms that take the same CTA model as existing algorithms, but they can deal with the non-convex objective, achieve the best possible optimization and communication complexity while being able to deal with both the full batch and mini-batch local computation models. Most importantly, the proposed algorithms are {\it communication efficient}, in the sense that the communication pattern can be adaptive to the level of heterogeneity among the local data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first algorithmic framework for FL that achieves all the above properties.
A Competitividade do Regadio de Alqueva em Portugal: o caso do bloco de rega do Monte Novo
Creators: name: Santos, Maria José Palma Lampreia Dos
name: Fragoso, Rui Manuel De Sousa
name: Henriques, Pedro Damião De Sousa
name: Carvalho, Maria Leonor Da Silva
name: Santos, Maria José Palma Lampreia Dos
name: Fragoso, Rui Manuel De Sousa
name: Henriques, Pedro Damião De Sousa
name: Carvalho, Maria Leonor Da Silva
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: irrigation
subject: multi-period programming
subject: investment
subject: common agricultural policy.

description: The main purpose of this paper is evaluating the competitiveness of the Alqueva irrigation project in the Alentejo region, South of Portugal. This study was based on three representative farms which were selected from one farm sample of the Monte Novo irrigation scheme. For each farm, it was developed a multi-period mathematical programming model which represents its specific skills. Results show that Common Agricultural Policy and Water Framework Directive have adverse impact on competitiveness. However, the adoption of new technological innovations and more environmental sustainable systems of agricultural production might help to mitigate those adverse impacts and promote the competitiveness of this irrigation project.
Complexes of graphs with bounded independence number
Creators: name: Kim, Minki
name: Lew, Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph and $n$ a positive integer. Let $I_n(G)$ be the abstract simplicial complex whose simplices are the subsets of $V$ that do not contain an independent set of size $n$ in $G$. We study the collapsibility numbers of the complexes $I_n(G)$ for various classes of graphs, focusing on the class of graphs with maximum degree bounded by $Δ$. As an application, we obtain the following result:
 Let $G$ be a claw-free graph with maximum degree at most $Δ$. Then, every collection of $\left\lfloor\left(\fracΔ{2}+1\right)(n-1)\right\rfloor+1$ independent sets in $G$ has a rainbow independent set of size $n$.
title: Widersprüche in Bau-Werkverträgen
Creators: name: Berger, Emanuel
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Leistungsumfang
subject: Bau-Soll
subject: geschuldeter Erfolg
subject: ÖNORM B 2110
subject: Prüf- und Warnpflicht

description: Widersprüche in Bauwerkverträgen sind fast immer auf eine unzureichend bzw. mangelhaft beschriebene Leistung zurückzuführen. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich daher in erster Linie mit der Definition der gemäß Werkvertrag geschuldeten Leistungen und den in der Folge sich ergebenden Problemen. Der AN hat ein Werk mit gewöhnlich vorausgesetzten Eigenschaften herzustellen, außer die vertragliche Vereinbarung sieht etwas anderes vor. Da Bauprojekten sehr komplexe, umfangreiche und individuelle Werkverträge zu Grunde liegen, deckt sich der vom AG erwartete Erfolg nicht immer mit der Leistungsvorstellung des AN, ohne dass beide Vertragsparteien dies sofort bemerken müssen. Die dadurch auftretenden Widersprüche, Lücken und Divergenzen im vermeintlich vereinbarten Leistungsumfang und vor allem deren Vermeidung und Minimierung sind zentraler Gegenstand dieser Arbeit. Widersprüche bestehen von Anfang an, doch werden sie erst in den verschiedenen Projektphasen offensichtlich. Sofern Widersprüche bereits in der Angebotsphase entdeckt werden, führen sie zu einer Prüf- und Warnpflicht des AN. Werden sie erst nach Vertragsabschluss festgestellt, so kann eine vertraglich geschlossene Regelung oder die von der ÖNORM B 2110 vorgeschriebene Reihenfolge der Vertragsgrundlagen den Widerspruch auflösen. Die genau definierte Bauleistung ist ebenfalls wichtige Voraussetzung für das Gewährleistungsrecht. Ein Mangel wird als -Abweichung vom vertraglich Vereinbarten- definiert. Somit ist es für die Gewährleistung essentiell einen klaren Leistungsumfang definiert bzw. bei Widersprüchen im Werkvertrag ein bereits vertraglich vereinbartes 'Verfahren' zur Problemlösung festgelegt zu haben. Aufgezeigt werden bereits ausjudizierte Fälle und immer wieder auftretende Widersprüche im Leistungsumfang anhand praxisorientierter Analysen. Es wird eine abstrakte Darstellung der Probleme und deren dogmatisch nachvollziehbarer Lösungen gegeben. Wichtig ist dem Bauherrn ein Problembewusstsein für die Praxis zu vermitteln. Gleichzeitig werden Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt wie diese Probleme durch vertragliche Regelungen vermieden, minimiert oder zumindest in geordneten Abläufen zu bewältigt sind.
Deep Learning for Constrained Utility Maximisation
Creators: name: Davey, Ashley
name: Zheng, Harry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 93E20, 91G80, 90C46, 49M29

description: This paper proposes two algorithms for solving stochastic control problems with deep learning, with a focus on the utility maximisation problem. The first algorithm solves Markovian problems via the Hamilton Jacobi Bellman (HJB) equation. We solve this highly nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) with a second order backward stochastic differential equation (2BSDE) formulation. The convex structure of the problem allows us to describe a dual problem that can either verify the original primal approach or bypass some of the complexity. The second algorithm utilises the full power of the duality method to solve non-Markovian problems, which are often beyond the scope of stochastic control solvers in the existing literature. We solve an adjoint BSDE that satisfies the dual optimality conditions. We apply these algorithms to problems with power, log and non-HARA utilities in the Black-Scholes, the Heston stochastic volatility, and path dependent volatility models. Numerical experiments show highly accurate results with low computational cost, supporting our proposed algorithms.
Fluctuation induced vortex pattern and its disordering in the fully frustrated XY model on a dice lattice
Creators: name: Korshunov, S. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A highly degenerate family of states [proposed in PRB 63, 134503 (2001)] is proven to really minimize the Hamiltonian of the fully frustrated XY model on a dice lattice. The harmonic fluctuations are shown to be no consequence for the removal of the accidental degeneracy of these states, so a particular vortex pattern can be stabilized only by the anharmonic fluctuations. The structure of this pattern is found and the temperature of its disordering due to the proliferation of domain walls is estimated. The extreme smallness of the fluctuations induced free energy of domain walls leads to the anomalous prominence of the finite-size effects, which prevent the observation of vortex-pattern ordering in numerical simulations. In such a situation the loss of phase coherence may be related to the dissociation of fractional vortices with topological charges 1/8. In a physical situation the magnetic interaction of currents in a Josephson junction array will be a more important source for the stabilization of a particular vortex pattern than the anharmonic fluctuations.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
Novel Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19): A Literature Based Review
Creators: name: Ieppala Sripriya, AVishal Reddy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Health Care

description: Currently, the emergence of a novel human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global health concern causing severe respiratory tract infections in humans as well as in animal too. The 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a major source of disaster in the 21st century. However, the lack of specific drugs to prevent/treat an attack is a major need at this current point of time. Currently, the emergence of a novel human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global health concern causing severe respiratory tract infections in humans. A human-to-human transmission has been described with incubation times between 2-10 days, facilitating its spread via droplets, contaminated hands or surfaces. We therefore reviewed the literature on all available information about the persistence of human and veterinary coronavirus on inanimate surfaces as well as inactivation strategies with biocidal agents used for chemical disinfection, e.g. in healthcare facilities. Currently, the research on novel coronavirus is still in the primary stage till now. Based on the current published evidence, we systematically summarize the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of knowledge surrounding COVID-19. In December 2019, several patients from Wuhan, China were admitted to hospitals with symptoms of pneumonia. As the number of patients presenting with similar symptoms started to rise, the causative agent was eventually isolated from samples. It was initially called the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and has been recently relabelled as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); the disease it causes has been named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Over the next few weeks, the virus spread from Wuhan to affect different provinces in China and, after a few months, it is now present in 109 countries. This review in the hope of helping the public effectively recognize and deal with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The global impact of this new epidemic is yet uncertain.
Fast and Accurate Retrieval of Methane Concentration from Imaging Spectrometer Data Using Sparsity Prior
Creators: name: Foote, Markus D.
name: Dennison, Philip E.
name: Thorpe, Andrew K.
name: Thompson, David R.
name: Jongaramrungruang, Siraput
name: Frankenberg, Christian
name: Joshi, Sarang C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strong radiative forcing by atmospheric methane has stimulated interest in identifying natural and anthropogenic sources of this potent greenhouse gas. Point sources are important targets for quantification, and anthropogenic targets have potential for emissions reduction. Methane point source plume detection and concentration retrieval have been previously demonstrated using data from the Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG). Current quantitative methods have tradeoffs between computational requirements and retrieval accuracy, creating obstacles for processing real-time data or large datasets from flight campaigns. We present a new computationally efficient algorithm that applies sparsity and an albedo correction to matched filter retrieval of trace gas concentration-pathlength. The new algorithm was tested using AVIRIS-NG data acquired over several point source plumes in Ahmedabad, India. The algorithm was validated using simulated AVIRIS-NG data including synthetic plumes of known methane concentration. Sparsity and albedo correction together reduced the root mean squared error of retrieved methane concentration-pathlength enhancement by 60.7% compared with a previous robust matched filter method. Background noise was reduced by a factor of 2.64. The new algorithm was able to process the entire 300 flightline 2016 AVIRIS-NG India campaign in just over 8 hours on a desktop computer with GPU acceleration.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
Causas do Desmatamento no Brasil e seu Ordenamento no Contexto Mundial
Creators: name: Arraes, Ronaldo De Albuquerque E
name: Mariano, Francisca Zilania
name: Simonassi, Andrei Gomes
name: Arraes, Ronaldo De Albuquerque E
name: Mariano, Francisca Zilania
name: Simonassi, Andrei Gomes
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Deforestation in Brazilian
subject: Amazon
subject: worldwide deforestation
subject: economic development.

description: This paper aims to contribute to the environment literature by providing some answers to the worldwide researchers’ agenda concerning the deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, whose average rate in recent years is over 20.000 km2 per year. The main purpose is to test the effectiveness of surveillance action of public entities, as well as the effects of socioeconomic factors on the deforestation of the Amazon region. Initially, the deforestation of 749 municipalities of Legal Amazon is compared with 130 selected countries along the period 1988-2002. Ipeadata, IBGE and Inpe supplied the information on the political-social-economic and environmental characteristics of the municipalities. Based upon three orderly levels of deforestation with world observations provided by World Development Indicators - WDI (2006) of the World Bank, the application of a discrete choice ordered multinomial model allowed to infer the following conclusions: the presence of an environmental government representation in the municipalities is effective to reduce the deforestation rate in the Amazon region turning it comparable to the average of developed countries. Likewise, increasing education level, reducing income inequality and executing regulation laws to delimit the expansion of the agriculture and cattle ranching border are actions equally relevant to lower the deforestation of the region.
Do face masks introduce bias in speech technologies? The case of automated scoring of speaking proficiency
Creators: name: Loukina, Anastassia
name: Evanini, Keelan
name: Mulholland, Matthew
name: Blood, Ian
name: Zechner, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic increase in the use of face masks worldwide. Face coverings can affect both acoustic properties of the signal as well as speech patterns and have unintended effects if the person wearing the mask attempts to use speech processing technologies. In this paper we explore the impact of wearing face masks on the automated assessment of English language proficiency. We use a dataset from a large-scale speaking test for which test-takers were required to wear face masks during the test administration, and we compare it to a matched control sample of test-takers who took the same test before the mask requirements were put in place. We find that the two samples differ across a range of acoustic measures and also show a small but significant difference in speech patterns. However, these differences do not lead to differences in human or automated scores of English language proficiency. Several measures of bias showed no differences in scores between the two groups.
Appendix 3 from Phylogenomics indicates Amazonia as the major source of Neotropical swarm-founding social wasp diversity
Creators: name: Rodolpho S. T. Menezes
name: Lloyd, Michael W.
name: Brady, Seán G.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60301 Animal Systematics and Taxonomy
subject: 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Supplementary tree figures.
D and Z in ROPE: Will the real Keynes please stand up?
Creators: name: Hartwig, Jochen
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2009
Subjects: KEYNESIANISM (ECONOMIC THEORIES)
Post Keynesianism
effective demand
Keynes’s D/Z model
MAKROÖKONOMIE
KEYNESIANISMUS (WIRTSCHAFTSTHEORIEN)
MACROECONOMICS
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Working Papers, 243
Entropy and Quantum States of Tachyon Supertube
Creators: name: Huang, Wung-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantize the deformed modes of a single supertube solution with regular profile of circular cross section on the unstable non-BPS D3-branes by using the Minahan-Zwiebach tachyon action. The result is used to count the microstates in an ensemble of supertube with fixed macroscopic quantities of charges $Q_{D0}$, $Q_{F1}$ and angular momentum $J$. We show that the entropy of the system is proportional to $\sqrt{Q_{D0}Q_{F1} - J}$, which is consistent with that calculated by the DBI action. Therefore, besides the well known properties that the kink solution (and its fluctuation) of tachyon DBI action corresponds with the brane solution (and its fluctuation) of DBI action, our result establishes a property that the entropy of the tachyon supertube in tachyonic DBI action corresponds with that of the supertube in DBI action.
description: Latex 15 pages, typos corrected, discuss fluctuation modes
Análise de Variáveis Estratégicas para o Desenvolvimento da Agropecuária da Região do Pontal do Paranapanema
Creators: name: Firetti, Ricardo
name: Capanema, Luiza Maria
name: Fachini, Cristina
name: Turco, Patrícia Helena Nogueira
name: Veiga Filho, Alceu De Arruda
name: Firetti, Ricardo
name: Capanema, Luiza Maria
name: Fachini, Cristina
name: Turco, Patrícia Helena Nogueira
name: Veiga Filho, Alceu De Arruda
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: family farms
subject: rural farmer
subject: prospecting demands
subject: technological foresight
subject: technology transfer.

description: The objective of this study is to identify rural activities with greater capacity to generate employment and income, and the relationship between scientific development and rural training in the Pontal do Paranapanema region in a period of 10 years (2008-2018). We have used the Technological Foresight approach to structure the survey and prospective methods and techniques of multivariate statistical analysis of results. Information has been raised at a panel organized with the participation of 50 experts from the region, and the results showed that levels of technical expertise, supply of technologies and technical assistance are variables which are important to generate employment and future income. In addition, actions of technology transfer are essential in the short run and the R&D with technical training for farmers and workers, in the long run. Production activities related to agribusiness were highlighted for job creation to rural workers. New activities, such as rubber tree, eucalyptus, goats, sheep, crop-livestock integration and ornamental plants were considered important to generate income.
Machines Learn to Infer Stellar Parameters Just by Looking at a Large Number of Spectra
Creators: name: Sedaghat, Nima
name: Romaniello, Martino
name: Carrick, Jonathan E.
name: Pineau, François-Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning has been widely applied to clearly defined problems of astronomy and astrophysics. However, deep learning and its conceptual differences to classical machine learning have been largely overlooked in these fields. The broad hypothesis behind our work is that letting the abundant real astrophysical data speak for itself, with minimal supervision and no labels, can reveal interesting patterns which may facilitate discovery of novel physical relationships. Here as the first step, we seek to interpret the representations a deep convolutional neural network chooses to learn, and find correlations in them with current physical understanding. We train an encoder-decoder architecture on the self-supervised auxiliary task of reconstruction to allow it to learn general representations without bias towards any specific task. By exerting weak disentanglement at the information bottleneck of the network, we implicitly enforce interpretability in the learned features. We develop two independent statistical and information-theoretical methods for finding the number of learned informative features, as well as measuring their true correlation with astrophysical validation labels. As a case study, we apply this method to a dataset of ~270000 stellar spectra, each of which comprising ~300000 dimensions. We find that the network clearly assigns specific nodes to estimate (notions of) parameters such as radial velocity and effective temperature without being asked to do so, all in a completely physics-agnostic process. This supports the first part of our hypothesis. Moreover, we find with high confidence that there are ~4 more independently informative dimensions that do not show a direct correlation with our validation parameters, presenting potential room for future studies.
Evidence of Late Cenozoic transpressive reactivation of an inherited strike-slip fault system and its influence in drainage reorganization in the Longitudinal Valley of Northernmost Chile
Creators: name: Vega Ruiz, Ambrosio
name: Victor, Pia
name: Pena Castellnou, Sara
name: Reicherter, Klaus
name: Binnie, Ariane
name: Binnie, Steven
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2023

description: Abstracts & presentations / EGU General Assembly 2023 EGU General Assembly 2023, EGU 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24 Apr 2023 - 28 Apr 2023; Göttingen : Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH EGU23-7228, 1 Seite (2023). doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu23-7228
description: Published by Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH, Göttingen
The agriculture of Republic of Moldova in the process of integration into the European Community
Creators: name: Certan, Simion
name: Certan, Ion
name: Certan, Simion
name: Certan, Ion
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: International Development
subject: AgricultureRepublic of Moldova
subject: European Community
subject: Integration
subject: Policies

description: The intention of Republic of Moldova to integrate within EU and the fenomens that happens to the establishment of the competition economy enforce the application of the deep research of the processes of the most important sector of the national economy in order to avoid and or reduce the possible negative impact on it. This research is the main theme of the article bellow.
"I’d be dead without it" : persons living with HIV/AIDS describe the impact of adequate housing on their health and health practices
Creators: name: Compton, Miranda
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: There is a growing body of research connecting lack of housing to HIV vulnerability and disease progression. There is very little data addressing changes to health and behaviour once stable housing is obtained, and few studies incorporating the lived experience of persons living with HIVIAIDS (PHAs). A diverse group of 5 PHAs were asked to describe the impact of adequate housing on their health and health practices. All participants were living in poverty with HIV, and had experienced a significant period of housing instability before securing adequate housing. Minimally structured qualitative interviews were conducted to document each participant’s journey from unstable to stable housing, and the impact on their health along the way. A narrative approach to analysis was employed to provide a detailed depiction of each participant’s unique experience. Despite differences among participants, their stories were remarkably similar: All 5 participants referred to the life-prolonging impact of housing. Each described dramatically increased capacity for self determination, and increased control over health practices and daily decision-making upon securing adequate housing. A significant reduction in engagement in harmful activities, and increased engagement with healthcare providers, was described by all participants. Each also referred to enhanced life satisfaction and optimism for the future. The study illustrates the power of adequate housing to transform mental and physical health, and the importance of housing as a central component of HIVIAIDS prevention, treatment and care.
Function values are enough for $L_2$-approximation: Part II
Creators: name: Krieg, David
name: Ullrich, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 41A25, 41A45, 41A65, 60B20, 41A63

description: In the first part we have shown that, for $L_2$-approximation of functions from a separable Hilbert space in the worst-case setting, linear algorithms based on function values are almost as powerful as arbitrary linear algorithms if the approximation numbers are square-summable. That is, they achieve the same polynomial rate of convergence. In this sequel, we prove a similar result for separable Banach spaces and other classes of functions.
description: 18 pages
Space-filter techniques for quasi-neutral hybrid-kinetic models
Creators: name: Cerri, S. S.
name: Camporeale, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The space-filter approach has proved a fundamental tool in studying turbulence in neutral fluids, providing the ability to analyze scale-to-scale energy transfer in configuration space. It is well known that turbulence in plasma presents challenges different from neutral fluids, especially when the scale of interests include kinetic effects. The space-filter approach is still largely unexplored for kinetic plasma. Here we derive the space-filtered (or, equivalently "coarse-grained") equations in configuration space for a quasi-neutral hybrid-kinetic plasma model, in which ions are fully kinetic and electrons are a neutralizing fluid. Different models and closures for the electron fluid are considered, including finite electron-inertia effects and full electrons' pressure-tensor dynamics. Implications for the cascade of turbulent fluctuations in real space depending on different approximations are discussed.
description: 43 pages, 2 figures
Realization of the Optimal Universal Quantum Entangler
Creators: name: Sciarrino, Fabio
name: De Martini, Francesco
name: Buzek, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first experimental demonstration of the ''optimal'' and ''universal'' quantum entangling process involving qubits encoded in the polarization of single photons. The structure of the ''quantum entangling machine'' consists of the quantum injected optical parametric amplifier by which the contextual realization of the 1->2 universal quantum cloning and of the universal NOT (U-NOT) gate has also been achieved.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Physical Review A
ANÁLISIS DE SENSIBILIDAD DEL SECTOR PECUARIO ECUATORIANO: PRECIOS Y ESQUEMA IMPOSITIVO
Creators: name: Domínguez, Juan M
name: Guamán, Sharon
name: Domínguez, Juan M
name: Guamán, Sharon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Livestock Sector
subject: Prices
subject: Tax Scheme

description: The livestock sector in Ecuador represents an important productive sector because it involves rural labor, produces foods that are part of the daily diet of people (meat and milk), other goods and raw material consumption. The interest in issues related to production incentives is always important; however, their impacts are highly critical in the livestock sector with special attention to the magnitude of its impact both financial and productive. If you set the price of beef at $ 0.45/lb, net profit after taxes declines since at 0.085% for every 10% change in the rate of rural land tax (ITR) for a producer of 100ha; while for a producer in 1000 has, under the same assumptions, this margin drops by 0.105%. On the other hand, setting the price that the milk producer receives both medium and large at levels close to USD $ 0.45/l, a variation of 10% of the ITR rate would produce a negligible reduction in their marginal profit after taxes.
Behaviors of Ca II K line in A-type stars
Creators: name: Takeda, Yoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A synthetic spectrum-fitting analysis was applied to the Ca II line at 3933.68 A for 122 A-type stars (7000 8000 K), the former tends to be lower (by up to -1 dex or even more) than the latter for cooler A stars (Te < 8000 K) including those "weak broad K line" objects, This fact suggests that some special mechanism reducing the strength of Ca II 3934 line is involved at Te < 8000 K where [Ca/H]39 would be no more reliable. Whereas atomic diffusion causing the deficit of Ca in the photosphere as a result of element segregation in the deeper radiative envelope may be regarded as a promising explanation because it seems to fit in the qualitative trend of [Ca/H]61 in A-type stars, the well-known feature of considerably weak Ca II K line in classical Am stars should not necessarily be attributed to only this element diffusion scenario, for which some unknown weakening mechanism specific to this resonance line may independently be operative.
description: Since the two-page erratum once appended in the previous revised version was found to be incomplete, it has been replaced by the corrected new one (pages 16-17, with updated Fig. 13 and Table 4). Originally published in Stars and Galaxies (2020, Vol.3, id.1)
A segment model for surface rupture scenarios in the eastern Rhine Graben Boundary fault (Upper Rhine Graben, Germany)
Creators: name: Pena Castellnou, Sara
name: Baize, Stéphane
name: Hürtgen, Jochen
name: Reicherter, Klaus
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2023

description: Abstracts & presentations / EGU General Assembly 2023 EGU General Assembly 2023, EGU 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24 Apr 2023 - 28 Apr 2023; Göttingen : Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH EGU23-14783, 1 Seite (2023). doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu23-14783
description: Published by Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH, Göttingen