cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
X-Radiography of Cargo Containers
Creators: name: Katz, J. I.
name: Blanpied, G. S.
name: Borozdin, K. N.
name: Morris, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of detecting a nuclear weapon smuggled in an ocean-going cargo container has not been solved, and the detonation of such a device in a large city could produce casualties and property damage exceeding those of September 11, 2001 by orders of magnitude. Any means of detecting such threats must be fast and cheap enough to screen the millions of containers shipped each year, and must be capable of distinguishing a threatening quantity of fissionable material from the complex loading of masses of innocent material found in many containers. Here we show that radiography with energetic X-rays produced by a 10 MeV electron accelerator, taking advantage of the high density and specific atomic properties of fissionable material, may be a practical solution.
description: 15 pp., 4 figs
Additional file 3 of The impact of financial incentives and restrictions on cyclical food expenditures among low-income households receiving nutrition assistance: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Valluri, Sruthi
name: Mason, Susan M.
name: Peterson, Hikaru Hanawa
name: French, Simone A.
name: Harnack, Lisa J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. CONSORT checklist
Additional file 2 of The impact of financial incentives and restrictions on cyclical food expenditures among low-income households receiving nutrition assistance: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Valluri, Sruthi
name: Mason, Susan M.
name: Peterson, Hikaru Hanawa
name: French, Simone A.
name: Harnack, Lisa J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Trial protocol.
Role of magnetic skyrmions for the solution of the shortest path problem
Creators: name: Tomasello, Riccardo
name: Giordano, Anna
name: Garesci, Francesca
name: Siracusano, Giulio
name: De Caro, Salvatore
name: Ciminelli, Caterina
name: Carpentieri, Mario
name: Finocchio, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic skyrmions are emerging as key elements of unconventional operations having unique properties such as small size and low current manipulation. In particular, it is possible to design skyrmion-based neurons and synapses for neuromorphic computing in devices where skyrmions move along the current direction (zero skyrmion Hall angle). Here, we show that, for a given graph, skyrmions can be used in optimization problems facing the calculation of the shortest path. Our tests show a solution with the same path length as computed with Algorithm. In addition, we also discuss how skyrmions act as positive feedback on this type of problem giving rise to a self-reinforcement of the path which is a possible solution.
Management options for a land use conflict area in Chitawan, Nepal
Creators: name: Burton, Sandra Lee
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A land use management study was conducted in an area of north eastern Chitawan in central Nepal. Changes in soil properties, forest and agricultural productivity, farm management and profitability were compared among ten land use categories. The research revealed that the most intensively managed agricultural land, under annual triple crop rotations had excellent productivity with little evidence of soil deterioration (pH, organic carbon, exchangeable bases). Several soil properties (pH, base saturation, available phosphorus, compaction) under such farming systems were found to be better than those under degraded forest. The degradation of the forests, as measured by wood biomass, regeneration and soil quality was found to be widespread. A 15 to 30 percent decline in timber, fuelwood and fodder was observed between the natural and degraded forest. This removal of forest products was accompanied by changes in soil properties such as exchangeable bases, pH, compaction and exchangeable and free aluminum. Alternative land uses were evaluated using a decision making method which considered crop preferences, productivity, gross margins, resource requirements, soil quality indicators and risk factors. Data from farm interviews and from the soil study were incorporated into this micro-computer based method. The data evaluation showed that soil conserving and productive land use options were not always feasible for the small farmer because they were more risky and required more resources of irrigated land, labour and operating capital. Interesting relationships were found between soil properties, productivity, land uses and fertility inputs. The flexibility of the methodology makes this technique an attractive tool for land use decision making at the farm and village level. The mapping units used for the national Land Resource Mapping Project (LRMP) formed the basis for this study and the approach developed can therefore be applied to other areas in Nepal.
Dissipation and nonlocality in a general expanding braneworld universe
Creators: name: Remazeilles, Mathieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of both scalar and tensor cosmological perturbations in a Randall-Sundrum braneworld having an arbitrary expansion history. We adopt a four dimensional point of view where the degrees of freedom on the brane constitute an open quantum system coupled to an environment composed of the bulk gravitons. Due to the expansion of the universe, the brane degrees of freedom and the bulk degrees of freedom interact as they propagate forward in time. Brane excitations may decay through the emission of bulk gravitons which may escape to future infinity, leading to a sort of dissipation from the four dimensional point of view of an observer on the brane. Bulk gravitons may also be reflected off of the curved bulk and reabsorbed by the brane, thereby transformed into quanta on the brane, leading to a sort of nonlocality from the four dimensional point of view. The dissipation and the nonlocality are encoded into the retarded bulk propagator. We estimate the dissipation rates of the bound state as well as of the matter degrees of freedom at different cosmological epochs and for different sources of matter on the brane. We use a near-brane limit of the bulk geometry for the study when purely nonlocal bulk effects are encountered.
description: v2, 34 pages, 7 figures, minor changes, comments and references added, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Charge- and anion-orderings in the quasi-one-dimensional organic conductor (TMTTF)$_2$NO$_3$
Creators: name: Iakutkina, Olga
name: Majer, Lena Nadine
name: Lesseux, Guilherme Gorgen
name: Untereiner, Gabriele
name: Dressel, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quasi-one-dimensional organic conductors (TMTTF)$_2X$ with non-centrosymmetric anions commonly undergo charge- and anion-order transitions upon cooling. While for compounds with tetrahedral anions ($X$ = BF$_4^-$, ReO$_4^-$, and ClO$_4^-$) the charge-ordered phase is rather well understood, the situation is less clear in the case of planar triangular anions, such as (TMTTF)$_2$NO$_3$. Here we explore the electronic and structural transitions by transport experiments, optical and magnetic spectroscopy. This way we analyze the temperature dependence of the charge imbalance 2$δ$ and an activated behavior of $ρ(T)$ with $Δ_{\rm CO}\approx 530$~K below $T_{\rm CO} = 250$~K. Since (TMTTF)$_2$NO$_3$ follows the universal relation between charge imbalance 2$δ$ and size of the gap $Δ_{\rm CO}$, our findings suggest that charge order is determined by TMTTF stacks with little influence of the anions. Clear signatures of anion ordering are detected at $T_{\rm AO}=50$~K. The tetramerization affects the dc transport, the vibrational features of donors and acceptors, and leads to formation of spin singlets.
CMB Temperature Anisotropy from Broken Spatial Isotropy due to an Homogeneous Cosmological Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Kahniashvili, Tina
name: Lavrelashvili, George
name: Ratra, Bharat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the cosmic microwave background temperature anisotropy two-point correlation function (including off-diagonal correlations) from broken spatial isotropy due to an arbitrarily oriented homogeneous cosmological magnetic field.
description: 16 pages, references added, PRD accepted
Equity, economic evaluation, and disease transmission modelling – 26-27th March 2018: Pre-meeting reviews
Creators: name: Drake, Tom
name: Medley, Graham
name: Vassall, Anna
name: Gomez, Gabriella B.
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: There is significant potential in using disease transmission models and economic evaluation frameworks to consider the equity of alternative courses of action in global health. The consideration of who is more or less advantaged, and how best to address these differences when they are unfair, is central to the rationale for the global health sector. Yet, economic evaluation typically assesses policy alternatives in terms of aggregate costs and consequences, not including information on who suffers costs and who gains. Further, it may be important to the policy question to consider the distribution of externalities in addition to direct costs and consequences. Disease transmission models are increasingly used for economic evaluation and are a suitable tool to simulate the externality effects of infectious disease interventions, accounting for changes in risk to others when an individual benefits from disease treatment or prevention.
In this report, we examine the interface of these three domains: equity, economic evaluation, and disease transmission modelling. First, we present a descriptive review of concepts and methodological approaches and, second, an exploration of key methodological considerations when including equity into economic evaluations using transmission models.
Additional file 4 of The impact of financial incentives and restrictions on cyclical food expenditures among low-income households receiving nutrition assistance: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Valluri, Sruthi
name: Mason, Susan M.
name: Peterson, Hikaru Hanawa
name: French, Simone A.
name: Harnack, Lisa J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4. TIDieR checklist
Asymptotics for Duration-Driven Long Range Dependent Processes
Creators: name: Hsieh, Meng-Chen
name: Hurvich, Clifford M.
name: Soulier, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G10

description: We consider processes with second order long range dependence resulting from heavy tailed durations. We refer to this phenomenon as duration-driven long range dependence (DDLRD), as opposed to the more widely studied linear long range dependence based on fractional differencing of an $iid$ process. We consider in detail two specific processes having DDLRD, originally presented in Taqqu and Levy (1986), and Parke (1999). For these processes, we obtain the limiting distribution of suitably standardized discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs) and sample autocovariances. At low frequencies, the standardized DFTs converge to a stable law, as do the standardized sample autocovariances at fixed lags. Finite collections of standardized sample autocovariances at a fixed set of lags converge to a degenerate distribution. The standardized DFTs at high frequencies converge to a Gaussian law. Our asymptotic results are strikingly similar for the two DDLRD processes studied. We calibrate our asymptotic results with a simulation study which also investigates the properties of the semiparametric log periodogram regression estimator of the memory parameter.
General null asymptotics and superrotation-compatible configuration spaces in $d\ge4$
Creators: name: Capone, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the problem of consistent Campiglia-Laddha superrotations in $d>4$ by solving Bondi-Sachs gauge vacuum Einstein equations at the non-linear level with the most general boundary conditions preserving the null nature of infinity. We discuss how to generalise the boundary structure to make the configuration space compatible with supertanslation-like and superrotation-like transformations. One possibility requires that the time-independent boundary metric on the cuts of $\mathscr{I}$ is not fixed to be Einstein, while the other sticks to Einstein but time-dependent metrics. Both are novel features with respect to the four-dimensional case, where time-dependence of the two-dimensional cross-sectional metric is not required and the Einstein condition is trivially satisfied. Other cases are also discussed. These conditions imply that the configuration spaces are not asymptotically flat in the standard sense. We discuss the implications on the construction of the phase space and the relationship with soft scattering theorems. We show that in even spacetime dimensions, the initial data compatible with such asymptotic symmetries produce maximally polyhomogeneous expansions of the metric and we advance a potential interpretation of this structure in terms of AdS/CFT and realizations of Ricci-flat holography.
description: Matches the published Erratum
'Noye’s Fludde': l’arca come officina di musica
Creators: name: Macchia, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Dipartimento delle Arti - Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014

description: Con Noye’s Fludde op. 59 (1957-’58) Benjamin Britten traccia una svolta definitiva nella storia della letteratura musicale per voci bianche. Il soggetto corrisponde all’evento biblico del diluvio universale, ma la fonte principale del compositore inglese, piuttosto che il libro della Genesi, è l’English Miracle Plays, Moralities and Interludes (Clarendon Press, Oxford 1898), ovvero i Chester Miracle Plays: una raccolta di venticinque Misteri degli inizi del XV secolo. Si tratta di sacre rappresentazioni che sviluppano soggetti del Vecchio e del Nuovo Testamento, in passato realizzate dalle corporazioni dei mestieri e portate in giro per le strade su carri trainati da buoi, i cosiddetti “pageant”. Il diluvio di Noè era tradizionalmente appannaggio degli acquaioli. Il percorso didattico, rivolto a una delle tre classi della scuola secondaria di primo grado, verte sull’analisi del testo e del corrispondente adattamento musicale di alcuni numeri di Noye’s Fludde per mettere in grado lo studente di decifrarvi il messaggio religioso intrinseco.
description: Musica Docta, Vol 4 (2014)
Additional file 5 of The impact of financial incentives and restrictions on cyclical food expenditures among low-income households receiving nutrition assistance: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Valluri, Sruthi
name: Mason, Susan M.
name: Peterson, Hikaru Hanawa
name: French, Simone A.
name: Harnack, Lisa J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5 Unadjusted average daily household expenditures on food at home (FAH) and food away from home (FAFH) (n = 13,944 household-days)
Occurrence and activity of ecdysterone (insect moulting hormone) in plants
Creators: name: Dreier, Susan I.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The occurrence and biological activity of ecdysterone (insect moulting hormone) was examined in a number of plant species. A simple method was developed for the semiquantitative analysis of ecdysterone in plant extracts. The procedure consists of repeated washing of an aqueous methanolic extract of the plant with petroleum ether, followed by gradient elution of the freeze-dried aqueous extract on a SepPak (CIS reverse-phase cartridge), and high-performance liquid chromatography. Crude extract was purified on Sephadex LH20 for spectral analysis. Twelve species of ferns, three species of gymnosperms, and five species of angiosperms were examined for the presence of ecdysterone. Ecdysterone was found in a number of plant species, the chemistry of which has not previously been examined with respect to phytoecdysteroids. These include four species of ferns (Aspidotis densa (Brackenr.) Lellinger., Cryptogramma crispa (L.) R.Br., Blechnum spicant (L.) Roth, Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat); two species of gymnosperms {Taxus brevifolia Nutt., Taxus canadensis Marsh.); and two species of angiosperms (Trillium cernuum L, Trillium ovatum Pursh.). Applied ecdysterone had no effect in a cytokinin bioassay, but elicited a slight increase in elongation of mung bean epicotyls (GA₃ bioassay) and elongation of excised dwarf pea hypocotyl hooks (auxin bioassay).
Detection of Neutron Sources in Cargo Containers
Creators: name: Katz, J. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the problem of detecting the presence of clandestine neutron sources, such as would be produced by nuclear weapons containing plutonium, within cargo containers. Small, simple and economical semiconductor photodiode detectors affixed to the outsides of containers are capable of producing statistically robust detections of unshielded sources when their output is integrated over the durations of ocean voyages. It is possible to shield such sources with thick layers of neutron-absorbing material, and to minimize the effects of such absorbers on ambient or artificial external neutron fluxes by surrounding them with neutron-reflective material.
description: 10 pp
Variational QMC study of a Hydrogen atom in jellium with comparison to LSDA and LSDA-SIC solutions
Creators: name: Duff, Andrew I.
name: Annett, James F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Hydrogen atom immersed in a finite jellium sphere is solved using variational quantum Monte Carlo (VQMC). The same system is also solved using density functional theory (DFT), in both the local spin density (LSDA) and self-interaction correction (SIC) approximations. The immersion energies calculated using these methods, as functions of the background density of the jellium, are found to lie within 1eV of each other with minima in approximately the same positions. The DFT results show overbinding relative to the VQMC result. The immersion energies also suggest an improved performance of the SIC over the LSDA relative to the VQMC results. The atom-induced density is also calculated and shows a difference between the methods, with a more extended Friedel oscillation in the case of the VQMC result.
description: 16 pages, 9 Postscript figures
Triplet Dimerization Crossover Driven by Magnetic Frustration in In2VO5
Creators: name: Kimber, S. A. J.
name: de Vries, M. A.
name: Sanchez-Benitez, J.
name: Kamenev, K. V.
name: Attfield, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In2VO5, containing magnetically frustrated zig-zag chains, shows a remarkable magnetic crossover at 120 K between paramagnetic states with positive (17 K) and negative (-70 K) Weiss temperatures. Magnetic moment and entropy data show that the V4+ S = 1/2 spins condense into S = 1 triplet dimers below the crossover. A further freezing of the antiferromagnetically coupled triplet dimers into a global singlet state is observed at 2.5 K, with no long range magnetic order down to 0.42 K and in fields up to 9 T. No structural V-V dimerization is observed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction down to 10 K, but a subtle lattice anomaly evidences a spin-lattice coupling in the triplet dimer state. This is assigned to longitudinal oxygen displacement modes that reduce frustration within the chains and so couple to the spin dimer fluctuations.
description: submitted for publication
Lepton Flavor Violating $l \to l' γ$ and $Z \to l \bar l'$ Decays Induced by Scalar Leptoquarks
Creators: name: Benbrik, Rachid
name: Chua, Chun-Khiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent muon $g-2$ data, we study the lepton flavor violating $l \to l' γ$ and $Z \to l \bar l'$ ($l, l' = e, μ, τ$) decays with $l \neq l'$ in a scalar leptoquark model. Leptoquarks can produce sizable LFV $l\to l'γ$ decay rates that can be easily reached by present or near future experiments. % Leptoquark masses and couplings are constrained by the muon $g-2$ data and the current $l \to l' γ$ bounds. We predict $Br(Z \to τ^\mp e^\pm)$ reaching the present limit ($10^{-5}$) and $Br(Z \to μ^\mp τ^\pm)$ reaching $2\times 10^{-8}$, which will be accessible by future linear colliders, whereas, the current bounds on LFV impose very strong constraints on the $Br(Z \to μ^\mp e^\pm)$ and the ratio is too low to be observed in the near future.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Additional file 6 of The impact of financial incentives and restrictions on cyclical food expenditures among low-income households receiving nutrition assistance: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Valluri, Sruthi
name: Mason, Susan M.
name: Peterson, Hikaru Hanawa
name: French, Simone A.
name: Harnack, Lisa J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6. Estimated relationship between experimental condition, week in benefit month, and food expenditures
Exact Statistics of Chaotic Dynamical Systems
Creators: name: Guralnik, Zachary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an inverse method to construct large classes of chaotic invariant sets together with their exact statistics. The associated dynamical systems are characterized by a probability distribution and a two-form. While our emphasis is on classical systems, we briefly speculate about possible applications to quantum field theory, in the context of generalizations of stochastic quantization.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
Atomic Transition Probabilities of Neutral Calcium
Creators: name: Hartog, E. A. Den
name: Lawler, J. E.
name: Sneden, C.
name: Cowan, J. J.
name: Roederer, I. U.
name: Sobeck, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The goals of this study are 1) to test the best theoretical transition probabilities for Ca I (a relatively light alkaline earth spectrum) from a modern ab initio calculation using configuration interaction plus many body perturbation theory against the best modern experimental transition probabilities, and 2) to produce as accurate and comprehensive a line list of Ca I transition probabilities as is currently possible based on this comparison. We report new Ca I radiative lifetime measurements from a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) experiment and new emission branching fraction measurements from a 0.5 m focal length grating spectrometer with a detector array. We combine these data for upper levels that have both a new lifetime and new branching fractions to report log(gf)s for two multiplets consisting of nine transitions. Detailed comparisons are made between theory and experiment, including the measurements reported herein and a selected set of previously published experimental transition probabilities. We find that modern theory compares favorably to experimental measurements in most instances where such data exist. A final list of 202 recommended transition probabilities is presented, which covers lines of Ca I with wavelengths ranging from 2200 - 10,000 Angstroms. These are mostly selected from theory, but are augmented with high quality experimental measurements from this work and from the literature. The recommended transition probabilities are used in a redetermination of the Ca abundance in the Sun and in the metal-poor star HD 84937.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Polarization Predictions in the GRB Prompt Phase with the Internal Shock Model
Creators: name: Lan, Mi-Xiang
name: Wang, Hao-Bing
name: Xu, Siyao
name: Liu, Siming
name: Wu, Xue-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As the standard gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt-emission model, the internal shock (IS) model can reproduce the fast-rise and slow-decay features of the pulses in the GRB light curve. The time- and energy-dependent polarization can deliver important physical information on the emission region and can be used to test models. Polarization predictions for the GRB prompt phase with the magnetized IS model should be investigated carefully. The magnetic field of the magnetized IS model is very likely to be mixed and decays with radius. The synchrotron emission in the presence of such a decaying magnetic field can recover the Band-like spectrum of the GRB prompt phase. We investigate the dependence of the polarization of GRB prompt emission on both time and energy in the framework of the magnetized IS model. Due to the large range of parameters, it is hard to distinguish the magnetized IS model and the magnetic-reconnection model through polarization degree (PD) curves. The energy-dependent PD could increase toward the high-energy band for the magnetized IS model, while it decreases to zero above the megaelectronvolt band for the dissipative photosphere model. Therefore, we conclude that the energy dependence of PD can be used to distinguish these two models for the GRB prompt emission. Finally, we find that, independent of the observational energy band, the profiles of the $ξ_B-PD$ curve for the time-integrated and time-resolved PDs are very similar, where $ξ_B$ is the magnetic field strength ratio of the ordered component to the random component.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted by ApJ
title: Ethnic differences in health in Scotland : the contrast between morbidity and mortality
Creators: name: Cezard, Genevieve
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2020

description: In Scotland, most minority ethnic groups live longer than the White Scottish population but whether they report better health is unclear. Similarly, the international literature on ethnicity and health is divided between a strand that highlights the overall morbidity disadvantage in ethnic minorities and another strand that is puzzled by their mortality advantage. This thesis brings the two strands together by investigating whether ethnic patterns in morbidity and mortality align, based on a unique population source. The Scottish Health and Ethnicity Linkage Study links the Scottish Census 2001 to 12 years of hospitalisation and death records and provides a considerable sample size (4.6 million people) for this research. Therefore, this thesis makes a number of methodological contributions in addition to providing key empirical evidence of an ethnic morbidity-mortality paradox in Scotland. In particular, healthy life expectancy by sex and ethnicity is calculated for the first time in the UK using a direct method. Findings highlight the shortest healthy life expectancies in the Pakistani population contrasting with their mortality advantage. Hence, the Pakistani population experiences the highest number of years in poor health in Scotland. Indeed, the Pakistani population reports poorer health than the majority population which contrasts with their mortality advantage. This contrast persists beyond socio-economic circumstances and across migrant generations. Furthermore, using interaction analyses, this research demonstrates that reporting poorer health strongly predicts higher risks of mortality in minority ethnic groups but with greater strength for particular groups. Finally, findings show higher risks of (hospitalisation-based) multimorbidity in the Pakistani population which supports their morbidity disadvantage in Scotland. Diseases underlying this disadvantage include those related to the metabolic syndrome and respiratory disease. Policy makers should aim to improve the quality of life of the Pakistani population of Scotland while future research pinpoints the root causes of this morbidity-mortality paradox.
Evaluation of an early discharge service for cardiac rehabilitation at home
Creators: name: Dal-Santo, Mary Gail
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This study evaluates the outcomes of a hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation program designed to deliver the first phase of cardiac rehabilitation services at home. The program was established in a community hospital in 1985, operating under the administration of the hospital's Medical Day Centre. Patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction (MI) are referred to the program by their physician and receive services from a cardiac nurse specialist immediately upon discharge. The services continue for a period of 6 weeks. The outcomes of importance in the study are the effects of the program on hospital services in the initial 10 month period and on patient's health related behaviour 3 months post infarction. Results of the study indicate that program goals were achieved during the initial 10 months of the study. Physicians referred 92% of the eligible patients and the average length of stay (ALOS) in hospital was satisfactorily reduced. For patients with uncomplicated MI the ALOS was 8.6 days by the tenth month. At 3 month follow up, patients reported significant improvements over their pre infarction health related behaviour. There were significant increases in the frequency of light exercise (p<-0005), in the regular use of low fat dairy products (p=.0003) and in the practice of restricting calories (p=.003) while significant decreases were reported in the frequency of consuming fried foods (p<.0005), salted foods (p<.0005) and rich foods (p<.005) and in the regular use of table salt (p=.00003). Smoking cessation was reported by 50% of the smokers at follow up. Patients reported a high level of satisfaction with the program, describing the service as well timed, informative, practical and valuable in restoring their self confidence. While these results were satisfactory with regards to the program goals, the evaluation was based on a single group design and further investigation is desirable with comparisons between hospitals and between patients with and without exposure to the program.
Three-dimensional Chern-Simons black holes
Creators: name: Moussa, K. Ait
name: Clement, G.
name: Guennoune, H.
name: Leygnac, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct black hole solutions to three-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory with both gravitational and electromagnetic Chern-Simons terms. These intrinsically rotating solutions are geodesically complete, and causally regular within a certain parameter range. Their mass, angular momentum and entropy are found to satisfy the first law of black hole thermodynamics. These Chern-Simons black holes admit a four-parameter local isometry algebra, which generically is $sl(2,R)\times R$, and may be generated from the corresponding vacua by local coordinate transformations.
description: 21 pages
Additional file 7 of The impact of financial incentives and restrictions on cyclical food expenditures among low-income households receiving nutrition assistance: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Valluri, Sruthi
name: Mason, Susan M.
name: Peterson, Hikaru Hanawa
name: French, Simone A.
name: Harnack, Lisa J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 7 Adjusted mean food expenditures by study group and week (n = 1992 household-weeks)
Asymptotic evolution of smooth curves under geodesic flow on hyperbolic manifolds - II
Creators: name: Shah, Nimish A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37A17, 22E40, 37D40

description: Extending the earlier results for analytic curve segments, in this article we describe the asymptotic behaviour of evolution of a finite segment of a C^n-smooth curve under the geodesic flow on the unit tangent bundle of a finite volume hyperbolic n-manifold. In particular, we show that if the curve satisfies certain natural geometric conditions, the pushforward of the parameter measure on the curve under the geodesic flow converges to the normalized canonical Riemannian measure on the tangent bundle in the limit. We also study the limits of geodesic evolution of shrinking segments. We use Ratner's classification of ergodic invariant measures for unipotent flows on homogeneous spaces of SO(n,1), and an observation relating local growth properties of smooth curves and dynamics of linear SL(2,R)-actions.
description: 23 pages
Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources
Creators: name: Fabrika, S. N.
name: Atapin, K. E.
name: Vinokurov, A. S.
name: Sholukhova, O. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) were identified as a separate class of objects in 2000 based on data from the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. These are unique objects: their X-ray luminosities exceed the Eddington limit for a typical stellar-mass black hole. For a long time, the nature of ULXs remained unclear. However, the gradual accumulation of data, new results of X-ray and optical spectroscopy, and the study of the structure and energy of nebulae surrounding ULXs led to the understanding that most of the ultraluminous X-ray sources must be supercritical accretion disks like SS 433. The discovery of neutron stars in a number of objects only increased the confidence of the scientific community in the conclusions obtained, since the presence of neutron stars in such systems clearly indicates a supercritical accretion regime. In this review, we systematize the main facts about the observational manifestations of ULXs and SS 433 in the X-ray and optical ranges and discuss their explanation from the point of view of the supercritical accretion theory.
description: 32 pages, 21 figures, 1 table
Additional file 3 of Learning needs assessment for multi-stakeholder implementation science training in LMIC settings: findings and recommendations
Creators: name: Turner, Mallory Wolfe
name: Bogdewic, Stephanie
name: Agha, Erum
name: Blanchard, Carrie
name: Sturke, Rachel
name: Pettifor, Audrey
name: Salisbury, Kathryn
name: Marques, Andrea Horvath
name: Excellent, Marie Lina
name: Rajagopal, Nitya
name: Ramaswamy, Rohit
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research Checklist.
The Interplay between Chemistry and Mechanics in the Transduction of a Mechanical Signal into a Biochemical Function
Creators: name: Valle, Francesco
name: Sandal, Massimo
name: Samorí, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: There are many processes in biology in which mechanical forces are generated. Force-bearing networks can transduce locally developed mechanical signals very extensively over different parts of the cell or tissues. In this article we conduct an overview of this kind of mechanical transduction, focusing in particular on the multiple layers of complexity displayed by the mechanisms that control and trigger the conversion of a mechanical signal into a biochemical function. Single molecule methodologies, through their capability to introduce the force in studies of biological processes in which mechanical stresses are developed, are unveiling subtle intertwining mechanisms between chemistry and mechanics and in particular are revealing how chemistry can control mechanics. The possibility that chemistry interplays with mechanics should be always considered in biochemical studies.
description: 50 pages, 18 figures
Additional file 1 of Discovery of clinically relevant fusions in pediatric cancer
Creators: name: LaHaye, Stephanie
name: Fitch, James R.
name: Voytovich, Kyle J.
name: Herman, Adam C.
name: Kelly, Benjamin J.
name: Lammi, Grant E.
name: Arbesfeld, Jeremy A.
name: Wijeratne, Saranga
name: Franklin, Samuel J.
name: Schieffer, Kathleen M.
name: Bir, Natalie
name: McGrath, Sean D.
name: Miller, Anthony R.
name: Wetzel, Amy
name: Miller, Katherine E.
name: Bedrosian, Tracy A.
name: Leraas, Kristen
name: Varga, Elizabeth A.
name: Lee, Kristy
name: Gupta, Ajay
name: Setty, Bhuvana
name: Boué, Daniel R.
name: Leonard, Jeffrey R.
name: Finlay, Jonathan L.
name: Abdelbaki, Mohamed S.
name: Osorio, Diana S.
name: Koo, Selene C.
name: Koboldt, Daniel C.
name: Wagner, Alex H.
name: Eisfeld, Ann-Kathrin
name: Mrózek, Krzysztof
name: Magrini, Vincent
name: Cottrell, Catherine E.
name: Mardis, Elaine R.
name: Wilson, Richard K.
name: White, Peter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Debris supply to torrent-prone channels on the east side of Howe Sound, British Columbia
Creators: name: Dagg, Bruce Ronald
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Debris torrents (channelized debris flows) are a geomorphological process only relatively recently recognised in southwest British Columbia. They are of interest both because of the tremendous amount of geomorphic work they do, and because of the hazards they pose to engineering works and residential developments. Fourteen torrents on the east side of Howe Sound, near Vancouver, since October 1981, have claimed twelve lives. Debris torrents differ from water floods in that they involve large amounts of coarse organic and inorganic debris. Therefore, a major requirement for torrent occurrence in a given channel is a supply of mobilizable debris. This thesis examines debris supply mechanisms and rates of debris supply in four small watersheds along Howe Sound, near the village of Lions Bay. An inventory of major debris sources has been compiled, and selected typical sites are examined in detail. Study methods include airphoto interpretation, ground surveying and reconnaissance, field instrumentation and site monitoring, dendrochronology, and materials sampling and testing. Debris supply is controlled by natural factors such as the nature and distribution of the bedrock and surficial materials, topographic gradient, vegetation, weather, and surface and groundwater hydrology, and by human activities such as logging and road construction. A wide variety of debris supply mechanisms operate in the study area, including rockfall and rockslide, talus shift, debris slide, soil wedge failure, ravelling, and snow avalanche. In addition to delivering debris to channel systems, some of these processes are capable of triggering debris torrents. Debris redistribution in channels occurs through debris torrents which do not reach the fans, fluvial processes (bedload transport), and snow avalanches. Active debris removal from main supply points, and storage elsewhere in the channel system, can decrease the frequency but increase the magnitude of torrent events in the basin. The wide variety of debris supply, debris redistribution, and torrent triggering mechanisms acting in this relatively small area points to a need for careful study of individual basins if the torrent potential in an area is to be understood. Regionally-based climatological or hydrological models of torrent occurrence should be employed for preliminary hazard assessment only.
Additional file 2 of Learning needs assessment for multi-stakeholder implementation science training in LMIC settings: findings and recommendations
Creators: name: Turner, Mallory Wolfe
name: Bogdewic, Stephanie
name: Agha, Erum
name: Blanchard, Carrie
name: Sturke, Rachel
name: Pettifor, Audrey
name: Salisbury, Kathryn
name: Marques, Andrea Horvath
name: Excellent, Marie Lina
name: Rajagopal, Nitya
name: Ramaswamy, Rohit
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Critical Moments Rubric.
Hungarian Accreditation Committee - CoARA Action Plan 2024-2029
Creators: name: Hungarian Accreditation Committee
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: research assessment
CoARA
Action Plan
Hungary

description: The Hungarian Accreditation Committee (MAB) signed the Agreement on Reforming Research Assessment (ARRA) on October 10, 2023. This document outlines the MAB's Action Plan for the implementation of the agreement’s principles and commitments.
Magnetic fields and Star Formation around HII regions: The S235 complex
Creators: name: Devaraj, R.
name: Clemens, D. P.
name: Dewangan, L. K.
name: Luna, A.
name: Ray, T. P.
name: Mackey, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic fields are ubiquitous and essential in star formation. In particular, their role in regulating formation of stars across diverse environments like HII regions needs to be well understood. In this study, we present magnetic field properties towards the S235 complex using near-infrared (NIR) $H$-band polarimetric observations, obtained with the Mimir and POLICAN instruments. We selected 375 background stars in the field through combination of Gaia distances and extinctions from NIR colors. The plane-of-sky (POS) magnetic field orientations inferred from starlight polarization angles reveal a curved morphology tracing the spherical shell of the HII region. The large-scale magnetic field traced by Planck is parallel to the Galactic plane. We identified 11 dense clumps using $1.1\,\mathrm{mm}$ dust emission, with masses between $33-525\,\rm M_\odot$. The clump averaged POS magnetic field strengths were estimated to be between $36-121\,\mathrm{μG}$, with a mean of ${\sim}65\,\mathrm{μG}$. The mass-to-flux ratios for the clumps are found to be sub-critical with turbulent Alfvén Mach numbers less than 1, indicating a strongly magnetized region. The clumps show scaling of magnetic field strength vs density with a power-law index of $0.52\pm0.07$, similar to ambipolar diffusion models. Our results indicate the S235 complex is a region where stellar feedback triggers new stars and the magnetic fields regulate the rate of new star formation.
Additional file 1 of Learning needs assessment for multi-stakeholder implementation science training in LMIC settings: findings and recommendations
Creators: name: Turner, Mallory Wolfe
name: Bogdewic, Stephanie
name: Agha, Erum
name: Blanchard, Carrie
name: Sturke, Rachel
name: Pettifor, Audrey
name: Salisbury, Kathryn
name: Marques, Andrea Horvath
name: Excellent, Marie Lina
name: Rajagopal, Nitya
name: Ramaswamy, Rohit
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Interview Guide.