cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
CONTRACTUAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SMALL-HOLDER SUGARCANE GROWERS AND MILLERS IN THE SUGAR INDUSTRY SUPPLY CHAIN IN SWAZILAND
Creators: name: Masuku, MB
name: Kirsten, JF
name: Van Rooyen, CJ
name: Perret, S
name: Masuku, MB
name: Kirsten, JF
name: Van Rooyen, CJ
name: Perret, S
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Institutional and Behavioral Economics
Production Economics

description: This paper proposes and analyses a model of relationships between smallholder sugarcane growers and millers in the Swaziland sugar industry supply chain. In particular, it identifies the behavioural factors that contribute to the level of satisfaction that sugarcane growers perceive in their relationship with the millers. Using recursive models and multiple regression analysis, the results indicate that higher levels of trust lead to higher levels of cooperation that, in turn, lead to higher levels of commitment by the smallholder growers to the business relationship. Cooperation is also an antecedent of the benefits and of the satisfaction that these growers gained from the relationship. These results agree with a priori theory that trust, cooperation, strategic benefits, commitment and absence of opportunistic behaviour are essential elements for a successful relational exchange. The findings imply that both cane growers and millers need to focus on initiating, signalling and disclosing their behaviours in an effort to improve their relationship with each other. A relationship founded on trust and mutual respect is more likely to succeed than a relationship of convenience supported by legal contingencies. Therefore, relationships characterised by trust and physical and psychological commitment as well as cooperation between exchange parties is more important for mutual benefit and good quality relationship.
Standardized spectral and radiometric calibration of consumer cameras
Creators: name: Burggraaff, Olivier
name: Schmidt, Norbert
name: Zamorano, Jaime
name: Pauly, Klaas
name: Pascual, Sergio
name: Tapia, Carlos
name: Spyrakos, Evangelos
name: Snik, Frans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Consumer cameras, particularly onboard smartphones and UAVs, are now commonly used as scientific instruments. However, their data processing pipelines are not optimized for quantitative radiometry and their calibration is more complex than that of scientific cameras. The lack of a standardized calibration methodology limits the interoperability between devices and, in the ever-changing market, ultimately the lifespan of projects using them. We present a standardized methodology and database (SPECTACLE) for spectral and radiometric calibrations of consumer cameras, including linearity, bias variations, read-out noise, dark current, ISO speed and gain, flat-field, and RGB spectral response. This includes golden standard ground-truth methods and do-it-yourself methods suitable for non-experts. Applying this methodology to seven popular cameras, we found high linearity in RAW but not JPEG data, inter-pixel gain variations >400% correlated with large-scale bias and read-out noise patterns, non-trivial ISO speed normalization functions, flat-field correction factors varying by up to 2.79 over the field of view, and both similarities and differences in spectral response. Moreover, these results differed wildly between camera models, highlighting the importance of standardization and a centralized database.
description: 27 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Optics Express
Exploring the Impact of AI Enhancement on the Sports App Community: Analyzing Human-Computer Interaction and Social Factors Using a Hybrid SEM-ANN Approach
Creators: name: Xie, Guanghong
name: Wang, Xiyuan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: The iteration of AI technology has enhanced the industry competitiveness of sports apps and brought a new emotional experience to users. However, the community function of AI-enabled sports apps has not yet received sufficient attention. This study adopts the technology acceptance model framework through the human-computer interaction and social psychology perspectives, incorporating perceived interactivity (human-human interaction, human-information interaction, human-system interaction), user experience (functional experience, content experience, and emotional experience), attachment theory (emotional attachment, emotional loyalty), social identity, social trust, and satisfaction variables to construct a theoretical model. It aims to solve the problem of how AI can enhance users’ emotional interaction, community stickiness, and ultimately social interaction satisfaction in sports apps. Through literature review, theoretical analysis, and case study, the Chinese “KEEP” APP was identified as the research object, and the questionnaire was constructed with an improved test scale. The study used a cross-sectional sampling method to collect data from Chinese online platforms for three months (N = 520) and tested the hypotheses in the theoretical model through structural equation modeling and artificial neural networks. The results of the study show that (1) emotional attachment, emotional loyalty, social identity, and social trust positively and significantly affect user satisfaction; (2) emotional attachment and social identity positively and significantly affect human-human interaction; (3) perceived usefulness, social identity, and social trust significantly construct an influence loop on the internal path. Compared with existing studies, this study proposes a multidimensional innovative framework that reveals the deeper influence mechanism of AI technology in sports APP communities and makes up for the shortcomings of existing studies in terms of users’ emotional interactions and community stickiness. Through this study, sports APP developers and operators, marketers, AI technology developers, as well as sports enthusiasts, and general users can obtain specific practical suggestions to further optimize the design and functionality of sports apps, and enhance the overall user experience and satisfaction.
Additional file 1 of Identification and validation of immune-related biomarkers and potential regulators and therapeutic targets for diabetic kidney disease
Creators: name: Chen, Shengnan
name: Li, Bo
name: Chen, Lei
name: Jiang, Hongli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 1. Differentially expressed genes in GSE1009 and GSE30528.
Using mixed-effect random forest models to capture spatial patterns: a case study on urban crime
Creators: name: Zurita-Milla, Raul
name: Afnindar Fakhrurrozi
name: Kounadi, Ourania
Publisher: name: The University of Auckland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 90903 Geospatial Information Systems
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: The increasing access to spatio-temporal datasets, data-driven modelling methods and computational power have transformed the way we do science. Yet most geodata-driven approaches currently disregard the spatial and temporal aspects of the data they are based on. Here we present and evaluate a hybrid machine learning approach that combines statistical mixed effects theory with the power of random forests. This approach, namely mixed-effects random forests or MERF, is used to model monthly crimes in New York City (USA). Our results show that MERF leads to lower prediction errors and to lower spatial autocorrelation in the residuals than a standard random forest model. This shows that there are approaches to mitigate the non-geocomputational nature of machine learning methods.
Sustainable Energy Future based Catalytic CH4 Conversion
Creators: name: MAJIDA KHAZAAL
name: Darton, Richard
name: Ormerod, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 30304 Physical Chemistry of Materials
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Clean hydrogen generation for utilizing in applications like chemicals manufacturing and energy production is required. The direct conversion of methane into synthesis gas (H2, CO) by various catalytic reforming processes expanding interest in recent years to produce the feed stream required for solid oxide fuel cells. So large volumes of research have been reported focusing on hydrogen generation by methane dry reforming due to the utilization of greenhouse gasses (CH4, CO2). The conversion of a renewable product provides a route to future sustainable hydrogen whilst lowering some greenhouse gases emissions. Ni0.2Sr0.8Al0.05Zr0.95O3−δ perovskite catalyst for methane reforming has been synthesised by a green, low temperature hydrothermal method based on previously published work1 . The perovskite catalyst was characterized by techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction, HR-SEM, EDS, BET, temperature programmed reduction, reaction TPR and temperature programmed oxidation TPO. The aim of this work was to develop active catalytic materials for methane reforming with high ability in suppressing coke formation using Perovskite (general formula ABO3) that been shown to be excellent catalysts.
Skwala
Creators: name: Judson, Sarah W.
name: Nelson, C. Riley
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlodidae
Skwala

description: Skwala
 DIAGNOSIS: The male hemitergal processes are knob-like (Fig. 292), much shorter and stouter than those of Arcynopteryx and Megarcys. Skwala, like Diura and Filchneria, lacks an external epiproct. The female subgenital plate is trapezoidal with a slight emargination posteriorly (Fig. 293). The nymph is similar to Arcynopteryx, but may be distinguished by the pleural fold extending only through abdominal segments 1 and 2 as well as the presence of serrations on both mandibles, however we did not have sufficient Mongolian specimens, particularly of the unknown A. sajanensis and S. asiatica, to confirm these purported diagnostic characteristics.
 DISTRIBUTION—Global: Amphi-Pacific— Regional: AOB*, IDB— Aimag: AR*, BR*,BO, SE*, OV*, UB*.
description: Published as part of Judson, Sarah W. & Nelson, C. Riley, 2012, 3541, pp. 1-118 in Zootaxa 3541 on page 43
Aganosma harmandiana Pierre ex Spire
Creators: name: Middleton, David J.
name: Regalado Jr, Jacinto C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Gentianales
Apocynaceae
Aganosma
Aganosma harmandiana

description: Aganosma harmandiana Pierre ex Spire
Contr. Apocyn.: 109 (1905).
LECTOTYPE. — Harmand 5241 (HM), Laos, Saravane, Lakhon Pheng District, Kham Teuay, designated by L´y, Feddes Repert. 97: 658 (1986).
description: Published as part of Middleton, David J. & Regalado Jr, Jacinto C., 2005, Nomenclatural notes on species of Apocynaceae described from Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, pp. 291-308 in Adansonia (3) (3) 27 (2) on page 293, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5186636
Photon propagator, monopoles and the thermal phase transition in 3D compact QED
Creators: name: Chernodub, M. N.
name: Ilgenfritz, E. -M.
name: Schiller, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the gauge boson propagator in three dimensional compact Abelian gauge model in the Landau gauge at finite temperature. The presence of the monopole plasma in the confinement phase leads to appearance of an anomalous dimension in the momentum dependence of the propagator. The anomalous dimension as well as an appropriate ratio of photon wave function renormalization constants with and without monopoles are observed to be order parameters for the deconfinement phase transition. We discuss the relation between our results and the confining properties of the gluon propagator in non--Abelian gauge theories.
description: 4 pages, 5 EPS figures, RevTeX 4, uses epsfig.sty; repaced to match version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett. (discussion on fits is extended)
Experiential modelling of urban street: a combining approach with neural image assessment and street experiment
Creators: name: Yamagata, Yoshiki
name: Yoshida, Takahiro
name: Matsui, Haruna
name: Yang, Perry
name: Helen, Chen
Publisher: name: The University of Auckland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 90903 Geospatial Information Systems
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: To design well-being and smart communities, it is important to know what street scapes/layouts are good for people experience with comfortableness, activeness, beautifulness, etc. For that purpose, walkability is one of the key performance indicators expressing the environmental quality of a street. As the first step for creating the well-being smart communities, this study attempts to evaluate the influence of street scapes/layouts by using street images taken by a volunteered geographic information application, Mapillary and a image assessment with machine learning technique. We conduct street experiments in a district in Tokyo, Japan for comparing the score of the quality of street image with the answers of questionnaire on the street. The result suggests that score of quality of images is not consistent with the street experience for people such as comfortableness, secureness, and activeness.
Electron-hole asymmetry and superconductivity
Creators: name: Hirsch, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a solid, transport of electricity can occur via electrons or via holes. In the normal state no experiment can determine unambiguously whether the elementary mobile carriers have positive or negative charge. This is no longer true in the superconducting state: superconductors know the difference between electrons and holes. This indicates that electron-hole asymmetry plays a fundamental role in superconductivity, as proposed by the theory of hole superconductivity.
Ouette Saaristo 1998
Creators: name: Tong, Yanfeng
name: Li, Shuqiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Ochyroceratidae
Ouette

description: Ouette Saaristo, 1998
 Ouette Saaristo, 1998: 22 (type species: Ouette ouette Saaristo, 1998).
description: Published as part of Tong, Yanfeng & Li, Shuqiang, 2007, First Records Of The Family Ochyroceratidae (Arachnida: Araneae) From China, With Descriptions Of A New Genus And Eight New Species, pp. 63-76 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 55 (1) on page 69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5354187
Alstonia angustifolia var. annamensis Monachino
Creators: name: Middleton, David J.
name: Regalado Jr, Jacinto C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Gentianales
Apocynaceae
Alstonia
Alstonia angustifolia
Alstonia angustifolia var. annamensis monachino

description: Alstonia angustifolia var. annamensis Monachino
Pacific Sci. 3: 160 (1949).
HOLOTYPE. — Poilane 5970 (A), Vietnam, Ninh Thuân, Ca Na.
description: Published as part of Middleton, David J. & Regalado Jr, Jacinto C., 2005, Nomenclatural notes on species of Apocynaceae described from Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, pp. 291-308 in Adansonia (3) (3) 27 (2) on page 293, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5186636
Isoperla potanini
Creators: name: Judson, Sarah W.
name: Nelson, C. Riley
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlodidae
Isoperla
Isoperla potanini

description: Isoperla potanini (Klapalek, 1923)   SYNONYMY
 Mesoperlina potanini Klapálek, 1923
 Isoperla chasaudina Navás, 1923
 Isoperla potanini Zwick and Surenkhorloo, 2005
 TYPE LOCALITY: Mongolia: Khangai Mountains.
 DIAGNOSIS: The head of the adult is generally infuscate and dark (Fig. 345) with pale, diamond-shaped central mark between the ocelli (Fig. 345). Most other Mongolian Isoperla have a more rounded pale oval in the interocellar region. Cercal segments have a whorl of long hairs on each segment, useful for distinguishing it from I. asiaitca which has a single hair per segment. The male paraprocts are poorly sclerotized and pointed. This species entirely lacks a ventral lobe on sternum 8 (Fig. 347), leaving this segment smooth along the posterior edge whereas all other Isoperla have distinct lobes (Fig. 328), even in the case of I. asiatica, which is broadly joined but clearly protrudes past the posterior edge (Fig. 318). The female has a short, broadly bilobed plate with a shallow median notch (Fig. 348). Nymphal head coloration reminiscent of the adult pigmentation (Fig. 309).
 DISTRIBUTION—Global: Endemic to Mongolia — Regional: AOB, IDB— Aimag: AR, BO, BR*, BU*, GA, KhD, KhG, OV, UB*, UV*, ZA.
 DISCUSSION: This species was originally described from Mongolian material and continues to be recorded only from northern and western Mongolia. The nymph was originally described by Raušer (1968). The nymphs we documented were collected concurrently with adults on multiple occasions, but were not formally reared to confirm association with adults. The species was recently moved from the genus Mesoperlina (Zwick & Surenkhorloo 2005) after having been noted as atypical for that genus by Zhiltzova (1970).
description: Published as part of Judson, Sarah W. & Nelson, C. Riley, 2012, 3541, pp. 1-118 in Zootaxa 3541 on pages 49-50
EVALUATING POTENTIAL INVESTMENTS IN THE PINK LADY APPLE CULTIVAR UNDER UNCERTAINTY AND IRREVERSIBILITY
Creators: name: Hardmann, PA
name: Darroch, MAG
name: Ortmann, GF
name: Hardmann, PA
name: Darroch, MAG
name: Ortmann, GF
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Many South African (SA) apple producers are currently considering whether or not to invest in the Pink Lady apple cultivar in response to the changing tastes of international fresh apple consumers. Given uncertainty about Pink Lady apple yields, costs and prices, and that orchard investment costs are irreversible (cannot be fully recovered in the short term), an ex ante version of the Dixit-Pindyck investment model is used to assess the viability of such an investment under uncertainty and irreversibility. This model accounts for uncertainty and irreversibility by raising the orthodox hurdle rate that must be met to justify the orchard investment by an amount that reflects the value of the option to postpone the investment. The results suggest that SA apple producers should only invest in a Pink Lady apple orchard with a 35-year lifespan if the expected annual real rate-of-return is above 10.75%, which is more than double the orthodox real rate of five per cent that is commonly used in capital budgeting analyses. Differences of this level between orthodox and modified hurdle rates have also been reported in recent studies of the adoption of dairy housing technology, and investment in grapefruit orchards, in the United States.
Using Temporal and Topological Features for Intrusion Detection in Operational Networks
Creators: name: Anton, Simon D. Duque
name: Fraunholz, Daniel
name: Schotten, Hans Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Until two decades ago, industrial networks were deemed secure due to physical separation from public networks. An abundance of successful attacks proved that assumption wrong. Intrusion detection solutions for industrial application need to meet certain requirements that differ from home- and office-environments, such as working without feedback to the process and compatibility with legacy systems. Industrial systems are commonly used for several decades, updates are often difficult and expensive. Furthermore, most industrial protocols do not have inherent authentication or encryption mechanisms, allowing for easy lateral movement of an intruder once the perimeter is breached. In this work, an algorithm for motif discovery in time series, Matrix Profiles, is used to detect outliers in the timing behaviour of an industrial process. This process was monitored in an experimental environment, containing ground truth labels after attacks were performed. Furthermore, the graph representations of a different industrial data set that has been emulated are used to detect malicious activities. These activities can be derived from anomalous communication patterns, represented as edges in the graph. Finally, an integration concept for both methods is proposed.
description: Preprint of a work accepted but not published yet at the ARES 2019
How Can Cooperatives Reduce Democratic Costs without Incurring Excessive Agency Costs?
Creators: name: Pozzabon, Daniela M.
name: Zylbersztajn, Decio
name: Bijman, Jos
name: Pozzabon, Daniela M.
name: Zylbersztajn, Decio
name: Bijman, Jos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: agricultural cooperatives
subject: cooperative governance
subject: democratic costs
subject: agency costs

description: Agricultural cooperatives are often assumed to be less competitive compared to investor-owned firms due to its higher decision-making costs. We have empirically investigated how cooperatives can minimize both democratic and agency costs given differing levels of member participation. We distinguish between horizontal, vertical, and diagonal conflicts of interests, as well as between both direct and opportunity costs. We found that direct agency cost is a smaller concern for cooperatives compared to the risk of exposure to high opportunity agency costs. We also found that the relation between member participation in the board of directors and democratic costs is more complex than often assumed. Finally, we show the difficulties cooperatives face in minimizing both democratic and agency costs. With a lower level of member participation, direct democratic costs may be reduced, but opportunity agency costs may rise as fewer members monitor management. Therefore, cooperatives should either increase member participation or use additional agency mechanisms (such as audits) to prevent agency problems.
Non-holonomic constrained systems as implicit differential equations
Creators: name: Ibort, L. A.
name: de Leon, M.
name: Marmo, G.
name: de Diego, D. Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-holonomic constraints, both in the Lagragian and Hamiltonian formalism, are discussed from the geometrical viewpoint of implicit differential equations. A precise statement of both problems is presented remarking the similarities and differences with other classical problems with constraints. In our discussion, apart from a constraint submanifold, a field of permitted directions and a system of reaction forces are given, the later being in principle unrelated to the constraint submanifold. An implicit differential equation is associated to a non-holonomic problem using the Tulczyjew's geometrical description of the Legendre transformation. The integrable part of this implicit differential equation is extracted using an adapted version of the integrability algorithm. Moreover, sufficient conditions are found that guarantees the compatibility of the non-holonomic problem, i.e., that assures that the integrability algorithm stops at first step, and moreover it implies the existence of a vector field whose integral curves are the solutions to the problem. In addition this vector field turns out to be a second order differential equation. These compatibility conditions are shown to include as particular cases many others obtained previously by other authors. Several examples and further lines of development of the subject are also discussed.
description: An old article (1996) posted for archival purposes
Speocera Berland 1914
Creators: name: Tong, Yanfeng
name: Li, Shuqiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Ochyroceratidae
Speocera

description: Speocera Berland, 1914
 Speocera Berland, 1914: 89 (type species: Speocera pallida Berland, 1914).
description: Published as part of Tong, Yanfeng & Li, Shuqiang, 2007, First Records Of The Family Ochyroceratidae (Arachnida: Araneae) From China, With Descriptions Of A New Genus And Eight New Species, pp. 63-76 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 55 (1) on page 69, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5354187
Chainable subcontinua
Creators: name: Duda, Edwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54F20

description: This paper is concerned with conditions under which a metric continuum (a compact connected metric space) contains a non-degenerate chainable continuum.
description: 3 pages
Deflation reveals dynamical structure in nondominant reaction coordinates
Creators: name: Husic, Brooke E.
name: Noé, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The output of molecular dynamics simulations is high-dimensional, and the degrees of freedom among the atoms are related in intricate ways. Therefore, a variety of analysis frameworks have been introduced in order to distill complex motions into lower-dimensional representations that model the system dynamics. These dynamical models have been developed to optimally approximate the system's global kinetics. However, the separate aims of optimizing global kinetics and modeling a process of interest diverge when the process of interest is not the slowest process in the system. Here, we introduce deflation into state-of-the-art methods in molecular kinetics in order to preserve the use of variational optimization tools when the slowest dynamical mode is not the same as the one we seek to model and understand. First, we showcase deflation for a simple toy system and introduce the deflated variational approach to Markov processes (dVAMP). Using dVAMP, we show that nondominant reaction coordinates produced using deflation are more informative than their counterparts generated without deflation. Then, we examine a protein folding system in which the slowest dynamical mode is not folding. Following a dVAMP analysis, we show that deflation can be used to obscure this undesired slow process from a kinetic model, in this case a VAMPnet. The incorporation of deflation into current methods opens the door for enhanced sampling strategies and more flexible, targeted model building.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
The Value of a Norm: Open Membership and the Horizon Problem in Cooperatives
Creators: name: Fulton, Murray
name: Giannakas, Konstantinos
name: Fulton, Murray
name: Giannakas, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: horizon problem
subject: open membership
subject: institutional norms.

description: The horizon problem has long been identified as being important to the functioning and behavior of cooperatives. This paper shows that the investment disincentive that a cooperative (both at start-up and ongoing) has vis-à-vis an IOF is less severe than has been typically argued. There are two main findings. The first is that the standard intuitive understanding of the effect of different horizons typically starts from the implicit assumption that cooperative members have the same objective as their IOF counterparts. When this assumption is relaxed it is shown that even when the horizon problem is at its most severe (e.g., during the creation of a cooperative by the original members), the cooperative may – under certain conditions – be more likely to make an investment than a profit-maximizing IOF. The second key finding is that once the cooperative is operating, the horizon problem is mitigated by the open membership policy of cooperatives. However, the open membership policy, which specifically does not assign property rights to specific groups, is not one that is chosen as an equilibrium strategy by the members. Instead, it is a policy that is adopted on the basis of principle. To sustain this policy, the cooperative needs to maintain features such as a strong identity that serve to make deviation from the open membership principle difficult.
Magneto-superconductivity of 100-atm O2-annealed RuSr2Gd1.5Ce0.5Cu2O10
Creators: name: Awana, V. P. S.
name: Takayama-Muromachi, E.
name: Karppinen, M.
name: Yamauchi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studied 100-atm O2-annealed RuSr2Gd1.5Ce0.5Cu2O10 (Ru-1222) compound crystallized in a tetragonal I4/mmm space group crystal structure. Thermo-gravemetric (TG) analysis of the compound showed the release of oxygen and breaking to metallic constituents in two distinct steps at around 350 and 500 0C. The DC magnetization data (M vs. T) revealed magnetic transition at 100 K followed by superconducting transition at 40 K. Low field M vs. H hysteresis loop showed a lower critical field (Hc1) value of around 25 Oe. Ferromagnetic component is evidenced at 5, 10, 20 and 40 K. Near saturation field of above 5 Tesla is observed at 5 K. Zero-field returning moment (Mr) and zero-moment coercive field (Hc) values at 5 K are 0.35mB and 250 Oe. The resistance vs. temperature (R vs. T) behaviour of the sample confirmed superconductivity at around 43 K. Superconductivity transition (Tc) is broadened under magnetic field with strong granularity like steps.
description: 16 pages including text and six figures
Modelling Air Pollution Crises Using Multi-agent Simulation
Creators: name: Ghazi, Sabri
name: Dugdale, Julie
name: Khadir, Tarek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes an agent based approach for simulating the control of an air pollution crisis. A Gaussian Plum air pollution dispersion model (GPD) is combined with an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to predict the concentration levels of three different air pollutants. The two models (GPM and ANN) are integrated with a MAS (multi-agent system). The MAS models pollutant sources controllers and air pollution monitoring agencies as software agents. The population of agents cooperates with each other in order to reduce their emissions and control the air pollution. Leaks or natural sources of pollution are modelled as uncontrolled sources. A cooperation strategy is simulated and its impact on air pollution evolution is assessed and compared. The simulation scenario is built using data about Annaba (a city in NorthEast Algeria). The simulation helps to compare and assess the efficiency of policies to control air pollution during crises, and takes in to account uncontrolled sources.
Learning Digital Geographies through a Graph-Based Semi-supervised Approach. GeoComputation 2019
Creators: name: Pengyuan Liu
name: Sabbata, Stefano De
Publisher: name: The University of Auckland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 90903 Geospatial Information Systems
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: As social media have become an integral part of many people’s everyday life, there has been an increasing interest in exploring how the content shared through those online platforms comes to contribute to the collaborative creation of places in physical space. Indeed, the distinction between online and physical spaces and activities is rapidly degrading. However, exploring those digital geographies is a complex task due to the quantity and variety of data. In this paper, we introduce a semi-supervised, deep neural network approach to classify geolocated social media posts based on their text content, media content, and geographic location, using a limited set of arbitrary categories. Our approach combines a stacked multi-modal autoencoder neural network to create joint representations of text and images, and graph convolution neural network for semi-supervised classification. The results presented in this paper show that our approach performs the classification of social media content with higher accuracy than a traditional Support Vector Machine model. Thus, the presented approach has the potential to develop into a powerful tool to complement content analysis in the study of digital geographies.
Implications of the Cooperative Organizational Form for Vertical Expansion
Creators: name: Royer, Jeffrey S.
name: Royer, Jeffrey S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: cooperatives
subject: vertical expansion
subject: organizational characteristics
subject: equity financing

description: This article examines the explanations that have been offered for why cooperatives have not expanded into processed product markets to a greater extent. Particular emphasis is placed on the unique organizational characteristics of cooperatives that affect their marketing and investment behavior. Topics covered include factors that may restrict cooperative access to capital, factors that may affect cooperative decisions about forward expansion, and the ability of cooperative directors to monitor activities in the later stages of the marketing channel. This article also discusses the relationship between cooperatives and risk, the extension of market risk in cooperatives, the use of unallocated reserves in accommodating risk and providing capital for vertical expansion, and cooperative strategies in interfirm consolidations and collaborations. When possible, established theories are evaluated in the context of empirical evidence or extended by recent contributions. The conclusions describe strategies that might be of benefit to cooperatives and their members.
Alyxia annamensis Pitard
Creators: name: Middleton, David J.
name: Regalado Jr, Jacinto C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Gentianales
Apocynaceae
Alyxia
Alyxia annamensis

description: Alyxia annamensis Pitard in Lecomte
Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 3: 1121 (1933).
LECTOTYPE. — Eberhardt 2875 (HM), Vietnam, Thua Thiên-Huê, Bo-giang, designated by L´y, Feddes Repert. 97: 435 (1986).
description: Published as part of Middleton, David J. & Regalado Jr, Jacinto C., 2005, Nomenclatural notes on species of Apocynaceae described from Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, pp. 291-308 in Adansonia (3) (3) 27 (2) on page 293, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5186636
Why Decoherence has not Solved the Measurement Problem: A Response to P. W. Anderson
Creators: name: Adler, Stephen L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss why, contrary to claims recently made by P. W. Anderson, decoherence has not solved the quantum measurement problem.
The Effects of Uncertainty and Capital Source on Cooperative Firm Leverage
Creators: name: McKee, Gregory
name: Larsen, Ryan
name: McKee, Gregory
name: Larsen, Ryan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: agricultural cooperative
subject: risk
subject: capital structure
subject: equity valuation

description: The organizational structure of cooperatives generates a complex link between member equity and overall corporate capital structure. This link is further complicated by macroeconomic and firm-based risks. This paper presents a model of optimal debt ratio, subject to cooperative financial characteristics and capital requirements. We test the proposition that macroeconomic and idiosyncratic uncertainty tend to decrease the optimal debt to total asset ratio. We find that macroeconomic and idiosyncratic risk negatively affect optimal borrowing in cooperatives with sales of $25 million or less. Conversely, no clear relationship exists between these types of risk and cooperatives with greater sales. These findings suggest an important relationship between firm operations and member equity as small cooperatives contemplate entry into world markets.
Towards Obtaining 2D and 3D and 1D PtPN with Pentagonal Pattern
Creators: name: Wang, Duo
name: Liu, Lei
name: Zhuang, Houlong L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply an alloying strategy to single-layer PtN$_2$ and PtP$_2$, aiming to obtain a single-layer Pt-P-N alloy with a relatively low formation energy with reference to its bulk structure. We perform structure search based on a cluster-expansion method and predict single-layer and bulk PtPN consisting of pentagonal networks. The formation energy of single-layer PtPN is significantly lower in comparison with that of single-layer PtP$_2$. The predicted bulk structure of PtPN adopts a structure that is similar to the pyrite structure. We also find that single-layer pentagonal PtPN, unlike PtN$_2$ and PtP$_2$, exhibits a sizable, direct PBE band gap of 0.84 eV. Furthermore, the band gap of single-layer pentagonal PtPN calculated with the hybrid density functional theory is 1.60 eV, which is within visible light spectrum and promising for optoelectronics applications. In addition to predicting PtPN in the 2D and 3D forms, we study the flexural rigidity and electronic structure of PtPN in the nanotube form. We find that single-layer PtPN has similar flexural rigidity to that of single-layer carbon and boron nitride nanosheets and that the band gaps of PtPN nanotubes depend on their radii. Our work shed light on obtaining an isolated 2D planar, pentagonal PtPN nanosheet from its 3D counterpart and on obtaining 1D nanotubes with tunable bandgaps.
Additional file 1 of Basis for using thioredoxin as an electron donor by Schizosaccharomyces pombe Gpx1 and Tpx1
Creators: name: Ahmad, Fawad
name: Latif, Muhammad Faizan
name: Luo, Ying
name: Huang, Ying
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Phylogenetic tree of GPxs from S. pombe, S. cerevisiae and humans. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the MEGA-X software. The evolution history was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method and JTT matrix-based model. The tree with the highest log likelihood (-4190.76) is shown. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. Initial tree (s) for the heuristic search was obtained automatically by applying Neighbor-Join and BioNJ algorithms to a matrix of pairwise distances estimated using the JTT model, and then selecting the topology with superior log likelihood value. There was a total of 238 positions in the final dataset. Figure S2. Phylogenetic tree of TPxs from S. pombe, S. cerevisiae and humans. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the MEGA-X software. The evolution history was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method and JTT matrix-based model. The tree with the highest log likelihood (-3453.60) is shown. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. Initial tree(s) for the heuristic search were obtained automatically by applying Neighbor-Join and BioNJ algorithms to a matrix of pairwise distances estimated using the JTT model, and then selecting the topology with superior log likelihood value. There was a total of 305 positions in the final dataset. Table S1. Comparison of spGpx1 with selected candidate fungal GPxs used in the evolutionary analysis. Table S2. Comparison of spTpx1 with selected candidiate fungal TPxs used in the evolutionary analysis
Rayapinus Rahayu & Ng 2014, new genus
Creators: name: Rahayu, Dwi Listyo
name: Ng, Peter K. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Hexapodidae
Rayapinus

description: Rayapinus, new genus
 Diagnosis. Carapace broader than long; surface almost smooth with sparse tubercles on margin or distinctly granulated; regions indistinct, with shallow U-shaped depression medially. Anterolateral margin arcuate; pterygostomial region with row of long and short, broken or entire, oblique striae and scattered tubercles. Eye short, stout, slightly movable, cornea subglobular. Third maxilliped broad, without gap when closed; ischium narrow slightly longer than merus, mesial margin rounded; carpus, propodus and dactylus cylindrical; dactylus longer than propodus; exopod moderately wide. Chelipeds unequal, P2–P4 short, stout; propodus and dactylus very short; propodus rounded, dactylus shorter than propodus; dactylus of P2 and P4 slightly curved. Thoracic sternites 1 and 2 fused; sternite 3 separated from sternite 4 by tuberculate ridge laterally, median area appearing fused; sternites 4–7 well developed, separated from each other by distinct suture; sternite 8 exposed, triangular, as long as male abdominal somite 1. Sternoabdominal cavity reaches middle of thoracic sternite 4. Male thoracic sternal groove short. Male abdomen narrow, somites 1, 2 and 6 free, somites 3–5 fused; telson rounded. G1 stout, bent subdistally, apice not concealed under abdomen. Female abdomen relatively narrow, somites 1–6 fused, telson almost as long as somite 6.
 Etymology. Named in honor of Ray Manning. The name Rayapinus is derived from his first name, Ray, with “- pinus ”, the suffix of the allied genus Hexapinus. Gender masculine.
 Remarks. This genus is remarkable for its short and stout P2–P4 with the propodus and dactylus especially short, and the characteristic G1 shape that has wide apices with row of spines. The extension of the male thoracic sternal groove is similar to that of Hexapinus but the shapes of their third maxillipeds and male abdomens are different. In Hexapinus, the ischium of the third maxilliped is strongly dilated mesially (Fig. 13C) and the male abdominal somite 6 is slightly shorter than somites 3–5 (Fig. 21C). In Rayapinus, the ischium of the third maxilliped is not dilated mesially (Fig. 53E) and the male abdominal somite 6 is much shorter than somites 3–5 (Fig. 53F).
 Species included. Rayapinus maenosonoi, new species (type species by present designation).
description: Published as part of Rahayu, Dwi Listyo & Ng, Peter K. L., 2014, New genera and new species of Hexapodidae (Crustacea, Brachyura) from the Indo-West Pacific and east Atlantic, pp. 396-483 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62 on page 459, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353945
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON HEALTH SECTOR STOCK RETURNS
Creators: name: , Erdem
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: COVID-19
HEALTH SECTOR STOCK RETURNS

description: Producer companies in the health sector are complex. Companies that work on vaccines or drugs against the COVID-19virus and share their information with the media were used for this study. To test whether COVID-19 impact health sector stock performance, event study analysis is applied to examine the relationship between news of COVID-19 drug or vaccine and the performance of health sector stocks.
The Importance of Cooperatives' Corporate Social Responsibility to the Loyalty of Members
Creators: name: Bortoleto, Fabiana Cherubim
name: Rogerio De Moura Costa, Davi
name: Bortoleto, Fabiana Cherubim
name: Rogerio De Moura Costa, Davi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: loyalty
subject: social responsibility
subject: agricultural cooperatives

description: Because of the ownership structure of cooperatives, the allocation of property rights in these organizations and other characteristics of cooperatives, the study of management mechanisms in the relationship between cooperatives and their members becomes relevant, in economic terms, as these companies struggle to maintain the loyalty of their members. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of social responsibility activities on the loyalty of the members. In other words, we investigated whether the number of associates who conduct business with the cooperative (member’s loyalty) increases if the cooperative develops social responsibility activities. The results indicate, first, that use of specialpurpose reserves for technical, educational and social assistance programs and spending on education and the environment have no significant effect on the loyalty of the cooperative’s members. Second, the members’ loyalty increases if the cooperative has a greater capacity to provide services and generate higher returns for its members.
Comparative efficacy of chemo-immunotherapy combination regimens in the frontline setting for NSCLC based on reconstructed patient data
Creators: name: Ossato, Andrea
name: Del Bono, Luna
name: Gasperoni, Lorenzo
name: Inno, Alessandro
name: Damuzzo, Vera
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised the treatment of metastatic NSCLC and have become standard first-line therapy both as monotherapy, for patients with PD-L1 expression ≥50%, and in combination with chemotherapy (CT), regardless of PD-L1 expression. This study used an artificial intelligence technique, the IPDfromKM method, to reconstruct individual patient data from Kaplan-Meier curves of phase III randomised clinical trial results to provide a comparative overview of different first-line chemo-immunotherapy options. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using hazard ratios and restricted mean survival time (RMST). Ten clinical trials were included in the analysis. In the squamous population, combinations of cemiplimab + CT (HR = 0.56), pembrolizumab + CT (HR = 0.67), and nivolumab + ipilimumab + CT (HR = 0.71) significantly improved OS compared with CT alone, with no difference between treatments. At longer follow-up, nivolumab + ipilimumab + CT showed longer RMST compared to pembrolizumab + CT in the PD-L1 < 1% subgroup (24.9 months vs. 22.8 months). In non-squamous NSCLC, the survival benefit of ICIs + CT was much more homogeneous, with similar results across the different options. Overall, pembrolizumab + CT showed the best results both in terms of HR (0.68, 95%CI 0.60-0.77) and RMST at long follow-up (30.4 months in the PDL-1 ≥ 1% subgroup and 24 months in the PDL-1 < 1% population). In conclusion, there are some differences between frontline options for treating metastatic NSCLC based on tumour histology and PD-L1 expression. However, further head-to-head trials and longer follow-up are needed to clarify the clinical impact of these differences.