cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Der Begriff des Fake
Creators: name: Römer, Stefan
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Fake
subject: konzeptuelle Kunst
subject: Appropriation art
subject: Fotografie
subject: Conceptual art
subject: Photography
subject: 700 Künste, Bildende Kunst allgemein
subject: 64 Sozialgeschichte
subject: LH 60420

description: Der Begriff des »Fake« meint eine mimetische Nachahmung eines anderen Kunstwerks, die im Gegensatz zur Fälschung selbst auf ihren gefälschten Charakter hinweist. Eine Künstlerin reproduzierte Fotografien von Walker Evans; diese eigenen Fotografien präsentierte sie auf ähnliche Weise wie das Vorbild; der Titel, »Sherrie Levine After Walker Evans«, weist die Arbeit als Aneignung aus, die die gewandelten kontextuellen und konzeptuellen Bedingungen des identischen Bilds reflektiert. Das Fake zielt demnach mittels einer genauen Bilduntersuchung auf einen kunsthistorischen Erkenntnisprozeß: Die Reproduktion wird nicht mehr moralisch als Fälschung verurteilt, sondern das Fake wird als Kritik der Institution der Kunst und ihrer Ideologie des Originals betrachtet. Das erste Kapitel widmet sich den neuen künstlerischen Strategien zu Anfang der 1970er Jahre und diskursanalytisch der historischen Fälschungsliteratur, dem Verhältnis von Original und Fälschung, um in Abgrenzung davon den Begriff »Fake« einzuführen. Im zweiten Kapitel werden sieben ausgewählte Beispiele von Fakes auf ihre konzeptuelle Formation hin untersucht. Im letzten Kapitel werden die weitreichenden Konsequenzen dargelegt, die das Fake für die Bild- und Kunsttheorie im Verhältnis zu gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen bedeutet.
description: The concept of Fake describes a mimetic imitation of another work of art which, in contrast to forgery, hints at its faked nature. A female artist reproduced photographs by Walker Evans and presented these photographs like the original; the title, "Sherrie Levine After Walker Evans" identifies the work as an appropriation which reflects the contextually and conceptually changed conditions of the identical image. Accordingly, the fake aims at an art historical cognitive process by means of an exact examination of the respective artwork: The reproduction is no longer morally condemned as forgery, but the fake is regarded as criticism of the institution of art and its ideology of the orginal. The first chapter deals with the new artistic strategies at the beginning of the 1970s and, in a discursive analysis, the historical literature of Fake as well as with the relation of orginal and forgery in distinction to the concept of "Fake". In the second chapter seven examples of Fake are examined for their conceptual formation. The third and last chapter is a description of the far reaching consequences of Fake for image and art theory in relation to social developments.
Understanding the Resilience of Educational Disparities for Migrant Children in Urban China, in the Context of Hukou Reform
Creators: name: Bourgeois-Fortin, Camille
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2023
Subjects: China
Hukou
Educational inequality
Urban development
Social exclusion
NUP
Policy
Reform

description: Educational disparities in China are rooted in the country’s longstanding rural-urban divide, which the hukou system has institutionalized. However, following a comprehensive reform of the hukou system (2014-2020) disparities in access to education remain ubiquitous. This raises questions regarding the reform itself, in terms of its agenda and effectiveness, as well as regarding the real driving factors of educational disparities in urban China. It is a complex issue that requires a multidimensional analysis, which shall consider both the hukou and other exclusionary factors as potential causes. These include mechanisms inherent to China’s education system, culture, and historical dynamics of social stratification. Making an in-depth review of the literature through institutionalism lenses, this research takes shape in the theoretical and conceptual frameworks of equality of opportunity and social mobility. Supported by empirical indicators and qualitative data, it provides an in-depth and timely understanding of the hukou and underlying factors of educational exclusion that undermine equality of opportunity and hinder upward social mobility among migrant children. This research finds that hukou status is still the biggest determinant of people’s equality of opportunities and social mobility in China and argues that the reform had the potential to make a positive difference. Thereby, this research's main explanation for the resilience of educational disparities in this context is that the 2014 hukou reform’s core intent was to modify migrant spatial distribution in favour of small and midsize cities, as opposed to their current concentration in megacities, and, in doing so, policymakers overlooked many challenges and barriers associated to migrating to lower tier cities and undervalued the importance of education for migrants. This research thus concludes that, rather than a definite lack of political will for solving educational disparities, the reform fell short on schooling issues because economic ambitions have taken precedence over social development and equal access to welfare, including education, among all Chinese citizens.
Effect of Soiling in PV Concentrators: Mechanisms of Light Dispersion and Real Field Performance of Soiled Flat Modules and CPV's
Creators: name: Vivar, M.
name: Herrero, R.
name: Martinez-Moreno, F.
name: Moreton Viungra, R.
name: Anton, I.
name: Sala, G.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 142-145
description: The effect of soiling in flat PV modules has been already studied, causing a reduction of the electrical output of 4% on average. For CPV’s, as far as soiling produces light scattering at the optical collector surface, the scattered rays should be definitively lost because they cannot be focused onto the receivers again. While the theoretical study becomes difficult because soiling is variable at different sites, it becomes easier to begin the monitoring of the real field performance of concentrators and then raise the following question: how much does the soiling affect to PV concentrators in comparison with flat panels?’ The answers will allow to predict the PV concentrator electrical performance and to establish a pattern of cleaning frequency. A first and simple experiment is being conducted at the IES-UPM site, consisting in four linear reflective concentration systems, one point focus refractive concentrator and one flat module. All the systems have been measured when soiled and then after cleaning, achieving different increases of ISC that are 14% on average for the CPV systems when they are soiled in comparison with the 2-4% of the flat panels.
Implementation of a Discrete Dipole Approximation Scattering Database Into Community Radiative Transfer Model
Creators: name: Moradi, Isaac
name: Stegmann, Patrick
name: Johnson, Benjamin
name: Barlakas, Vasileios
name: Eriksson, Patrick
name: Geer, Alan
name: Gelaro, Ronald
name: Kalluri, Satya
name: Kleist, Daryl
name: Liu, Quanhua
name: Mccarty, Will
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2022
Subjects: radiative transfer
discrete dipole approximation
mie scattering
cloud scattering
data assimilation
microwave instruments

description: The Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) is a fast model that requires bulk optical properties of hydrometeors in the form of lookup tables to simulate all-sky satellite radiances. Current cloud scattering lookup tables of CRTM were generated using the Mie-Lorenz theory thus assuming spherical shapes for all frozen habits, while actual clouds contain frozen hydrometeors with different shapes. The Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) technique is an effective technique for simulating the optical properties of non-spherical hydrometeors in the microwave region. This paper discusses the implementation and validation of a comprehensive DDA cloud scattering database into CRTM for the microwave frequencies. The original DDA database assumes total random orientation in the calculation of single scattering properties. The mass scattering parameters required by CRTM were then computed from single scattering properties and water content dependent particle size distributions. The new lookup tables eliminate the requirement for providing the effective radius as input to CRTM by using the cloud water content for the mass dimension. A collocated dataset of short-term forecasts from Integrated Forecast System of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and satellite microwave data was used for the evaluation of results. The results overall showed that the DDA lookup tables, in comparison with the Mie tables, greatly reduce the differences among simulated and observed values. The Mie lookup tables especially introduce excessive scattering for the channels operating below 90 GHz and low scattering for the channels above 90 GHz.
Box representations of embedded graphs
Creators: name: Esperet, Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A $d$-box is the cartesian product of $d$ intervals of $\mathbb{R}$ and a $d$-box representation of a graph $G$ is a representation of $G$ as the intersection graph of a set of $d$-boxes in $\mathbb{R}^d$. It was proved by Thomassen in 1986 that every planar graph has a 3-box representation. In this paper we prove that every graph embedded in a fixed orientable surface, without short non-contractible cycles, has a 5-box representation. This directly implies that there is a function $f$, such that in every graph of genus $g$, a set of at most $f(g)$ vertices can be removed so that the resulting graph has a 5-box representation. We show that such a function $f$ can be made linear in $g$. Finally, we prove that for any proper minor-closed class $\mathcal{F}$, there is a constant $c(\mathcal{F})$ such that every graph of $\mathcal{F}$ without cycles of length less than $c(\mathcal{F})$ has a 3-box representation, which is best possible.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures - revised version
New Materials Improve Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Performance
Creators: name: Thampi, K.
name: Bessho, T.
name: Gao, F.
name: Zakeeruddin, S.M.
name: Wang, P.
name: Grätzel, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
New Types of Cells and Modules

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 153-155
description: Research in the field of dye sensitized solar cells is presently focused on the development and study of new and improved cell components with the twin aims of simultaneously increasing both the energy conversion efficiency and the device stability. To achieve these objectives, new sensitizers with increased molar extinction coefficients, and new ionic liquids and performance enhancing electrolyte additives have been synthesized and tested. Together with the commercially available TiO2 pastes of high performance, DSC today reached light-to-electricity conversion efficiencies of 11.3% under full AM1.5 global sunlight illumination. These new dyes and oxide materials along with low volatile electrolyte formulations are used to make DSC exhibiting excellent device stability at 60 °C in light. New high molar extinction coefficient dyes enable to decrease the mesoporous oxide layer thickness considerably to < 10 microns. This will pave way to build highly efficient tandem DSC devices, where the lower cells would selectively harvest the IR spectral region of sunlight.
Online to Offline Crossover of White Supremacist Propaganda
Creators: name: Diab, Ahmad
name: Jagdagdorj, Bolor-Erdene
name: Ng, Lynnette Hui Xian
name: Lin, Yu-Ru
name: Yoder, Michael Miller
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: White supremacist extremist groups are a significant domestic terror threat in many Western nations. These groups harness the Internet to spread their ideology via online platforms: blogs, chat rooms, forums, and social media, which can inspire violence offline. In this work, we study the persistence and reach of white supremacist propaganda in both online and offline environments. We also study patterns in narratives that crossover from online to offline environments, or vice versa. From a geospatial analysis, we find that offline propaganda is geographically widespread in the United States, with a slight tendency toward Northeastern states. Propaganda that spreads the farthest and lasts the longest has a patriotic framing and is short, memorable, and repeatable. Through text comparison methods, we illustrate that online propaganda typically leads the appearance of the same propaganda in offline flyers, banners, and graffiti. We hope that this study sheds light on the characteristics of persistent white supremacist narratives both online and offline.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2023 (WWW '23 Companion), April 30-May 4, 2023, Austin, TX, USA
Realization of a Solar Simulator for Production Testing of HCPV Modules
Creators: name: Askins, S.
name: Taylor, S.
name: Domínguez, C.
name: Anton, I.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 137-141
description: A device capable of quickly, inexpensively, and accurately characterizing module performance in a production setting is necessary for further development of the concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) industry. Without a solar simulator that can reliably and repeatably measure performance characteristics of CPV modules, it will be difficult to market this new technology. SolFocus Inc, in collaboration with the Instituto de Energia Solar at the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, has developed such a device to support production of its SF1000 CPV module. The system incorporates a number of novel approaches, including a proprietary single-flash measurement system that allows an entire IV curve to be gathered during the extremely short duration pulse of a relatively inexpensive commercial flash strobe and a reference measurement system and uniformity mask tailored to SolFocus CPV modules. The system described in this paper has been in operation at the Noida facility since December 2007 and 100% of modules produced since have been tested. Results of a preliminary correlation study are presented.
Effects of quantum deformation on the integer quantum Hall effect
Creators: name: Andrade, Fabiano M.
name: Silva, Edilberto O.
name: Assafrão, Denise
name: Filgueiras, Cleverson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work an application of the $κ$--deformed algebra in condensed matter physics is presented. Starting by the $κ$--deformed Dirac equation we study the relativistic generalization of the $κ$--deformed Landau levels as well as the consequences of the deformation on the Hall conductivity. By comparing the $κ$--deformed Landau levels in the nonrelativistic regime with the energy levels of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in the presence of a normal magnetic field, upper bounds for the deformation parameter in different materials are established. An expression for the $κ$--deformed Hall conductivity of a 2DEG is obtained as well. The expression recovers the well-known result for the usual Hall conductivity in the limit $\varepsilon=κ^{-1}\to 0$. The deformation parameter breaks the Landau levels degeneracy and due to this, it is observed that deformation gives rise to new plateaus of conductivity in a such way that the plateaus widths of the $κ$--deformed Hall conductivity are less than the usual one. By studying the temperature dependence of the $κ$--deformed Hall conductivity, we show that an increase of the temperature causes the smearing of the plateaus and a diminution of the effect of the deformation, whilst an increase in the magnetic field enhances the effect of the deformation.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures, v3: Title changed, 4 figures added, one table added, discussion on temperature dependence added, matches published version
A Small Deformation of a Simple Theory
Creators: name: Buican, Matthew
name: Nishinaka, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an interesting relevant deformation of the simplest interacting N=2 SCFT---the original Argyres-Douglas (AD) theory. We argue that, although this deformation is not strictly speaking Banks-Zaks like (certain operator dimensions change macroscopically), there are senses in which it constitutes a mild deformation of the parent AD theory: the exact change in the "a" anomaly is small and is essentially saturated at one loop. Moreover, contributions from IR operators that have a simple description in the UV theory reproduce a particular limit of the IR index to a remarkably high order. These results lead us to conclude that the IR theory is an interacting N=1 SCFT with particularly small "a" and "c" central charges and that this theory sheds some interesting light on the spectrum of its AD parent.
description: 8 pages; v2: reference added, typos corrected, minor additional comments, results unchanged; v3: minor improvements, results unchanged
Fourier multiplier theorems involving type and cotype
Creators: name: Rozendaal, Jan
name: Veraar, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B15 (Primary), 42B35, 46B20, 46E40, 47B38 (Secondary)

description: In this paper we develop the theory of Fourier multiplier operators $T_{m}:L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{d};X)\to L^{q}(\mathbb{R}^{d};Y)$, for Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$, $1\leq p\leq q\leq \infty$ and $m:\mathbb{R}^d\to \mathcal{L}(X,Y)$ an operator-valued symbol. The case $p=q$ has been studied extensively since the 1980's, but far less is known for $p
description: Revised version, to appear in Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications. 31 pages. The results on Besov spaces and the proof of the extrapolation result have been moved to arXiv:1606.03272
Concentrator Photovoltaics Connected to the Grid and Systems Rating
Creators: name: Martínez, M.
name: Rubia, O.
name: Sánchez, D.
name: García, M.L.
name: Coronado, R.
name: Rubio Berenguel, F.
name: Pachón, J.L.
name: Banda Rueda, P.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 146-150
description: ISFOC has selected three CPV companies with different technologies, in order to provide with the following power in Puertollano; 200kW by Solfocus (from USA), 200kW by Concentrix-Solar (from Germany), and 400kW by Isofoton (from Spain). The construction works started by middle of October 2007 and finished on August 2008, waiting for the connection to the grid. The purpose of this paper is to present the evolution of the construction works and the problems detected and also the procedure developed by ISFOC for the acceptance of CPV plants. Up to this moment ISFOC is working in the acceptance of the plants, rating the installed power. We can conclude that the results obtained are satisfactory for all the interested parts, because the DC Nominal Power determined for the accepted plants is always reaching the expected value. The CPV rating procedure is being validated with the changes introduced by the experience acquired.
Testing for Differences in Gaussian Graphical Models: Applications to Brain Connectivity
Creators: name: Belilovsky, Eugene
name: Varoquaux, Gaël
name: Blaschko, Matthew B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Functional brain networks are well described and estimated from data with Gaussian Graphical Models (GGMs), e.g. using sparse inverse covariance estimators. Comparing functional connectivity of subjects in two populations calls for comparing these estimated GGMs. Our goal is to identify differences in GGMs known to have similar structure. We characterize the uncertainty of differences with confidence intervals obtained using a parametric distribution on parameters of a sparse estimator. Sparse penalties enable statistical guarantees and interpretable models even in high-dimensional and low-sample settings. Characterizing the distributions of sparse models is inherently challenging as the penalties produce a biased estimator. Recent work invokes the sparsity assumptions to effectively remove the bias from a sparse estimator such as the lasso. These distributions can be used to give confidence intervals on edges in GGMs, and by extension their differences. However, in the case of comparing GGMs, these estimators do not make use of any assumed joint structure among the GGMs. Inspired by priors from brain functional connectivity we derive the distribution of parameter differences under a joint penalty when parameters are known to be sparse in the difference. This leads us to introduce the debiased multi-task fused lasso, whose distribution can be characterized in an efficient manner. We then show how the debiased lasso and multi-task fused lasso can be used to obtain confidence intervals on edge differences in GGMs. We validate the techniques proposed on a set of synthetic examples as well as neuro-imaging dataset created for the study of autism.
Characterization and Numerical Modeling of the Temperature-Dependent Behavior of GaAs Solar Cells
Creators: name: Philipps, S.P.
name: Stetter, D.
name: Hoheisel, R.
name: Hermle, M.
name: Dimroth, F.
name: Bett, A.W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
Solar Cells, Modules and PV Systems for Space Applications

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 114-117
description: This paper presents results of a study on the temperature-dependent behavior of GaAs single-junction solar cells, in which both experimental and simulation tools were used. In order to enable measurements at different temperatures a cryostat was integrated into the corresponding experimental setup at Fraunhofer ISE. Measurements of the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the IV curve under illumination were carried out in a wide temperature range between 200 K and 400 K. An exemplary GaAs solar cell was modeled numerically in a semiconductor simulation environment to obtain a deeper understanding of the cell’s temperature-dependent behavior as well as to enable future structure optimization for different operating temperatures.
Long-term monitoring of Mount St. Helens micrometeorology
Creators: name: Che-Castaldo, Christian
name: Crisafulli, Charlie M.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2022
Subjects: air temperature
disturbance ecology
ecological disturbance
micrometeorological measurements
Mount St. Helens
post-eruption
relative humidity
Southern Washington Cascade Range
volcano ecology
water temperature

description: The 1980 volcanic eruption of Mount St. Helens had profound impacts on the geology, hydrology, and ecology of its surrounding landscapes. Consequently, the event provided a unique opportunity to study ecological change over time in relation to abiotic factors. To better assess the role localized environmental conditions play in these larger processes, we have monitored micrometeorological conditions across six disturbance zones on Mount St. Helens created by the eruption. We deployed 823 environmental sensors at 191 sites from 1997 to 2022 to measure the temperature and relative humidity of aquatic (temperature only) and terrestrial habitats in these areas, collecting over 4.2 million measurements in total. Measurements were typically recorded every 30 min from late spring through mid-fall, with the exception being Spirit Lake, where temperatures have been measured hourly on a year-round basis since 2002. These data have been used to address two broad research questions: (1) how small-scale environmental conditions influence patterns of survivorship and/or establishment on Mount St. Helens post-eruption for a range of organisms, including plants, small mammals, birds, amphibians, arthropods, fish, and other aquatic biota, and (2) to quantify and compare these environmental conditions across different disturbance zones, which vary in disturbance type, intensity, and history of post-eruption secondary disturbances. Due to the repeatability of these measurements over many years, these data lend themselves to exploring the relationship between forest succession and microclimate, especially with respect to forest-dwelling organisms whose spread and demography are sensitive to temperature and relative humidity. In addition, this dataset could be used to investigate additional questions related to early succession, disturbance ecology, climate change, or volcano ecology. This dataset is available in the R data package MSHMicroMetR, which also includes an R Shiny data visualization and exploration tool. There is no copyright on the data; please cite this data paper Ecology when using these data.
Cosmology with the Square Kilometre Array by SKA-Japan
Creators: name: Yamauchi, Daisuke
name: Ichiki, Kiyotomo
name: Kohri, Kazunori
name: Namikawa, Toshiya
name: Oyama, Yoshihiko
name: Sekiguchi, Toyokazu
name: Shimabukuro, Hayato
name: Takahashi, Keitaro
name: Takahashi, Tomo
name: Yokoyama, Shuichiro
name: Yoshikawa, Kohji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the past several decades, the standard cosmological model has been established and its parameters have been measured to a high precision, while there are still many of the fundamental questions in cosmology; such as the physics in the very early Universe, the origin of the cosmic acceleration and the nature of the dark matter. The future world's largest radio telescope, Square Kilometre Array (SKA), will be able to open the new frontier of cosmology and will be one of the most powerful tools for cosmology in the next decade. The cosmological surveys conducted by the SKA would have the potential not only to answer these fundamental questions but also deliver the precision cosmology. In this article we briefly review the role of the SKA from the view point of the modern cosmology. The cosmology science led by the SKA-Japan Consortium (SKA-JP) Cosmology Science Working Group is also discussed.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures; v2: reference added; v3: accepted for publication in PASJ
Hot Carrier Solar Cell Absorbers
Creators: name: Conibeer, G.
name: Patterson, R.
name: Huang, L.
name: Guillemoles, J.F.
name: König, D.
name: Shrestha, S.
name: Green, M.A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
New Types of Cells and Modules

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 156-162
description: An important property of a hot carrier cell is to slow the rate of carrier cooling to allow hot carriers to be extracted and do useful work in the external circuit. Carrier thermalisation in semiconductors occurs principally through scattering of hot electrons with zone centre optical phonons to build up a hot phonon population. This population can be prolonged – and hence carrier cooling slowed – by prevention of the dominant decay mechanisms of optical phonons into 2LA phonons (Klemens) and also possibly of the next most dominant mechanism of decay into a TO and a LA phonon (Ridley). Large gaps between optical and acoustic modes in some III-Vs (notably InN, BiN, GaN, AlSb & SnO) or some other heavy metal compounds are discussed as a means for suppressing one or both of these mechanisms with evidence for reduced cooling cited. An extension of this suppression mechanism in the
mini-gaps in the folded phonon dispersions of QW and QD superlattices is modelled using a nearest neighbour force constant model. In addition the important role of interface modes is discussed, and it is shown that very ‘soft’
interface modes have the potential to reduce the fine superlattice tuning required, or to widen the range of material combinations, to give these reduced carrier cooling effects. Furthermore for either very soft or very stiff interface modes, it seems that a more direct mimicry of the wide phononic gaps in some bulk semiconducotrs may be possible.
Silicon Nanowire Solar Cells: Device Physics, Fabrication, and Optoelectronic Properties
Creators: name: Tsakalakos, L.
name: Balch, J.
name: Fronheiser, J.A.
name: Korevaar, B.A.
name: Sulima, O.
name: Rand, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
New Types of Cells and Modules

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 11-16
description: The use of silicon nanowire arrays in novel photovoltaic device geometries are described. We first discuss the optical properties of silicon nanowire arrays and show that they are excellent omni-directional anti-reflective structures, as well as provide strong light trapping. We then discuss the expected efficiency from such devices and the associated device physics. This is followed by a description of the process flow in making silicon nanowire-based solar cells, and finally we show device performance data. Devices fabricated on degenerately doped silicon test substrates showed efficiencies as high as 1.2%, whereas devices on stainless steel foil demonstrated an efficiency on the order of ~ 0.1%. In both cases the short-circuit current densities obtained were in the mA/cm2 range, and broad external quantum efficiency curves were measured. Devices formed using a galvanic wet etching process on bulk Si wafers showed a maximum efficiency of ~1.3%, with losses attributed to front-surface recombination in the nanowire array. Technical challenges in further improving performance are discussed in detail.
Games and Strategies as Event Structures
Creators: name: Castellan, Simon
name: Clairambault, Pierre
name: Rideau, Silvain
name: Winskel, Glynn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In 2011, Rideau and Winskel introduced concurrent games and strategies as event structures, generalizing prior work on causal formulations of games. In this paper we give a detailed, self-contained and slightly-updated account of the results of Rideau and Winskel: a notion of pre-strategy based on event structures; a characterisation of those pre-strategies (deemed strategies) which are preserved by composition with a copycat strategy; and the construction of a bicategory of these strategies. Furthermore, we prove that the corresponding category has a compact closed structure, and hence forms the basis for the semantics of concurrent higher-order computation.
Current Situation of E-commerce Entering Rural Areas in Datong County of Qinghai Province
Creators: name: YAN Junnan
name: YAN Junnan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Rural economy; E-commerce; Policy evaluation; Correspondence analysis

description: Datong County has been developed for nearly 5 years since it was selected as a comprehensive demonstration county of e-commerce entering rural areas in 2017. In this context, this paper analyzes the development status of e-commerce in rural areas of Datong County, and provides feasible suggestions for the development of e-commerce entering rural areas in demonstration counties.
Study the effect of beam energy spread and detector resolution on the search for Higgs boson decays to invisible particles at a future e$^+$e$^-$ circular collider
Creators: name: Cerri, Olmo
name: de Gruttola, Michele
name: Pierini, Maurizio
name: Podo, Alessandro
name: Rolandi, Gigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the expected sensitivity to measure the branching ratio of Higgs boson decays to invisible particles at a future circular \epem collider (FCC-ee) in the process $e^+e^-\to HZ$ with $Z\to \ell^+\ell^-$ ($\ell=e$ or $μ$) using an integrated luminosity of 3.5 ab$^{-1}$ at a center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=240$ GeV. The impact of the energy spread of the FCC-ee beam and of the resolution in the reconstruction of the leptons is discussed. %Two different detector concepts are considered: a detector corresponding to the CMS reconstruction performances and the expected design of the ILC detector. The minimum branching ratio for a $5σ$ observation after 3.5ab$^{-1}$ of data taking is $1.7\pm 0.1\%(stat+syst) $. The branching ratio exclusion limit at 95\% CL is $0.63 \pm 0.22\%((stat+syst))$.
description: 17 pages, submitted to EPJC
Optimal probe states for the estimation of Gaussian unitary channels
Creators: name: Šafránek, Dominik
name: Fuentes, Ivette
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a practical method for finding optimal Gaussian probe states for the estimation of parameters encoded by Gaussian unitary channels. This method can be used for finding all optimal probe states, rather than focusing on the performance of specific states as shown in previous studies. As an example, we apply this method to find optimal probes for the channel that combines the phase-change and squeezing channels, and for generalized two-mode squeezing and mode-mixing channels. The method enables a comprehensive study of temperature effects in Gaussian parameter estimation. It has been shown that the precision in parameter estimation using single mode states can be enhanced by increasing the temperature of the probe. We show that not only higher temperature, but also larger temperature differences between modes of a Gaussian probe state can enhance the estimation precision.
description: 13+3 pages, 3 figures. v2 changes: section General Framework generalized to include displacing channels, section Effects of Temperature reworked, a figure added
Climacteris leucophaea subsp. grisescens Mathews
Creators: name: Pachycephalidae
name: Aegithalidae
name: Remizidae
name: Paridae
name: Sittidae
name: Neosittidae
name: Certhiidae
name: Rhabdornithidae
name: Climacteridae
name: Dicaeidae
name: Pardalotidae
name: Nectariniidae, And
name: Lecroy, Mary
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Climacteridae
Climacteris

description: Climacteris leucophaea grisescens Mathews Climacteris leucophaea grisescens Mathews, 1912a: 383 (South Australia). Now Cormobates leucophaea grisescens (Mathews, 1912). See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 71–73, and Noske, 2007b: 657. HOLOTYPE: AMNH 685169, adult female, collected on Mt. Lofty, 35.00S, 138.42E (USBGN, 1957), Mt. Lofty Range, South Australia, Australia, on 17 May 1910, by John B. Cleland (no. 102). From the Mathews Collection (no. 9460) via the Rothschild Collection. COMMENTS: Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description and gave the range of griscens as South Australia. In his catalog, Mt. Lofty is given as the collecting locality (as it is on the original label), the collector is given as Cleland, and ‘‘Type’’ is written opposite the entry. In addition to the original label, the specimen bears Mathews and Rothschild type labels and a ‘‘Figured’’ label, indicating that it was illustrated in Mathews (1923b: pl. 500, left figure, opp. p. 104, text p. 105), where it is confirmed that the figured female from Mt. Lofty is the type of grisescens. This specimen is listed under Climacteris picumna by Cleland (1911: 88). Three additional Mathews specimens were collected in South Australia and cataloged before the description of grisescens was published on 31 January 1912. Paratypes are: Mt. Lofty, AMNH 685167 (Mathews no. 9974), male, 19 October 1911; AMNH 685168 (2820), female, 26 June 1897; and AMNH 685170 (9975), female, 19 October 1911.
description: Published as part of Pachycephalidae, Aegithalidae, Remizidae, Paridae, Sittidae, Neosittidae, Certhiidae, Rhabdornithidae, Climacteridae, Dicaeidae, Pardalotidae, Nectariniidae, And & Lecroy, Mary, 2010, Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 8. Passeriformes:, pp. 1-178 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2010 (333) on page 101
description: {"references": ["Mathews, G. M. 1912 a. A reference-list to the birds of Australia. Novitates Zoologicae 18: 171 - 446.", "Schodde, R., and I. J. Mason. 1999. The directory of Australian birds. Passerines. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing, 851 pp.", "Noske, R. A. 2007 b. Family Climacteridae (Australian treecreepers). In J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, and D. Christie (editors), Handbook of birds of the world, volume 12: 642 - 660. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 816 pp., 56 pls., 436 photographs.", "Mathews, G. M. 1923 b. The birds of Australia. Vol. 11 (1 - 3): 1 - 209, pls. 491 - 508. London: H. F. and G. Witherby.", "Cleland, J. B. 1911. Examination of contents of stomachs and crops of Australian birds. Emu 11: 79 - 95."]}
Optimization of the Secondary Optics for Photovoltaic Units With Fresnel Lenses
Creators: name: Andreev, V.M.
name: Grilikhes, V.A.
name: Soluyanov, A.A.
name: Vlasova, E.V.
name: Shvarts, M.Z.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 126-131
description: The aim of the presented investigations was choosing the optimal parameters of secondary optics for PV modules with flat Fresnel lens concentrators. The following types of secondary optics are under consideration: an open truncated tetrahedral equilateral pyramid with specular walls and a kaleidoscope with a flat or convex top surface, which ensure achieving high optical efficiency of a two-element optical system, lowering its sensitivity to the Sun tracking inaccuracy and increasing uniformity of concentrated radiation distribution on a solar cell. To solve the problem raised, simulation mathematical model for calculating the optical-power characteristics (OPC) of the “Fresnel lens-secondary concentrator” system have been developed. As a result of the investigations carried out, the optimum parameters of the secondary optics have been determined (tilt angle of walls and height of the pyramid or kaleidoscope, curvature radius of the
semispherical input surface), and the best optimal version has been selected for the developed high concentration flat Fresnel lens.
Electromagnetic Afterglows Associated with Gamma-Ray Emission Coincident with Binary Black Hole Merger Event GW150914
Creators: name: Yamazaki, Ryo
name: Asano, Katsuaki
name: Ohira, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor reported the possible detection of the gamma-ray counterpart of a binary black hole merger event, GW150914. We show that the gamma-ray emission is caused by a relativistic outflow with Lorentz factor larger than 10. Subsequently, debris outflow pushes the ambient gas to form a shock, which is responsible for the afterglow synchrotron emission. We find that the 1.4 GHz radio flux peaks at $\sim10^5$ sec after the burst trigger. If the ambient matter is dense enough with density larger than $\sim10^{-2}$ cm$^{-3}$, then the peak radio flux is $\sim0.1$ mJy, which is detectable with radio telescopes such as the Very Large Array. The optical afterglow peaks earlier than the radio, and if the ambient matter density is larger than $\sim0.1$ cm$^{-3}$, the optical flux is detectable with large telescopes such as the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam. To reveal the currently unknown mechanisms of the outflow and its gamma-ray emission associated with the binary black hole merger event, follow-up electromagnetic observations of afterglows are important. Detection of the afterglow will localize the sky position of the gravitational wave and the gamma-ray emissions, and it will support the physical association between them.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (PTEP), 2016, 051E01
High Concentration Reflexive System With Fluid Dielectric
Creators: name: Victoria Pérez, M.
name: Domínguez, C.
name: Anton, I.
name: Sala, G.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 132-136
description: Current availability of solar cells with efficiencies proven to be close to 40% offers a decisive opportunity to reduce the cost of photovoltaic energy. These cells, which are based on III-V semiconductors, are able to be operated at very high concentration (higher than 1000X) where they become cost effective. Therefore, an optical concentrator must be developed in order to achieve a global system with acceptable efficiency and cost. It must provide high concentration, wide acceptance angle, high efficiency and, if possible, a compact design which reduces the size and weight of the system. To get concentration exceeding 1000X a new system concept (FluidReflex) based on one-step reflexive optics has been designed. The reflexive surface is an aspheric mirror in which the high efficiency cell is placed at its focus. The volume delimited by the cell’s plane and the reflexive surface is filled with a fluid dielectric with the underlying benefits. The heat flux generated at the cell is dissipated by natural or forced convection in the fluid avoiding the need of cooling elements, and consequently the shadows casted by them. In addition, the fluid acts as a refractive index adapter reducing Fresnel losses in the interfaces.
Information Theoretical Limit of Operation Forensics
Creators: Matthew C. Stamm
Publisher: name: IEEE Signal Processing Society
Year: 2024

description: Abstract—While more and more forensic techniques have been proposed to detect the processing history of multimedia content, one starts to wonder if there exists a fundamental limit on the capability of forensics. In other words, besides keeping on searching what investigators can do, it is also important to find out the limit of their capability and what they cannot do. In this work, we explore the fundamental limit of operation forensics by proposing an information theoretical framework. Specifically, we consider a general forensic system of estimating operations’ hypotheses based on extracted features from the multimedia content. In this system, forensicability is defined as the maximum forensic information that features contain about operations. Then, due to its conceptual similarity with mutual information in information theory, forensicability is measured as the mutual information between features and operations’ hypotheses. Such a measurement gives the error probability lower bound of all practical estimators which use these features to detect the operations’ hypotheses. Furthermore, it can determine the maximum number of hypotheses that we can theoretically detect. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed information theoretical framework, we apply this framework on a forensic example of detecting the number of JPEG compressions based on DCT coefficient histograms. We conclude that, under typical settings of forensic analysis, the maximum number of JPEG compressions that we can detect using DCT coefficient histogram features is 4. Furthermore, we obtain the optimal strategies for investigators and forgers based on the fundamental measurement of forensicability.
Основы формирования профессионально-педагогической подготовленности личности будущего следователя
Creators: name: Ертысбаева Гаухар Нурлановна
name: Минжанов Нурлан Адильбаевич
Publisher: name: Психопедагогика в правоохранительных органах
Year: 2020
Subjects: профессионально-педагогическая подготовка слушателей; педагогические условия; компоненты; критерии; показатели; модель; структурные элементы; уровни подготовленности

description: Введение. Изменения, происходящие в профессиональной и педагогической деятельности сотрудников ОВД, преподавателей и строевых командиров, специалистов воспитательных структур учебных заведений МВД РК по обучению и воспитанию слушателей, объективно обусловливают необходимость в разработке основных положений теории профессиональнопедагогической подготовки. Целью являлось обоснование условий формирования профессионально-педагогической подготовленности личности будущего следователя в Карагандинской академии МВД Республики Казахстан. Материалы и методы. Опытно-экспериментальная проверка программы формирования и развития профессионально-педагогической подготовленности в контрольной и экспериментальной группах (в количестве 48 человек в каждой) слушателей 3 курса следственно-криминалистической специализации Карагандинской академии МВД Республики Казахстан. Группы являлись сопоставимыми, т. е. большинство слушателей 3 курса пришли учиться сразу после общеобразовательной школы и не имели профессионального образования и опыта работы в полиции, следовательно, у них не могли быть развиты профессионально важные качества. Результаты и обсуждение. Рассматриваются результаты анализа исследования, свидетельствующие о том, что деятельность сотрудников органов внутренних дел МВД объективно включает в себя педагогическое наполнение в виде особых задач, форм, методов, приемов, условий, влияний, результатов и т. д. Поэтому ее эффективность зависит от качества их профессионально-педагогической подготовленности. Представлен анализ результатов опытно-экспериментальной работы по формированию профессионально-педагогической подготовленности личности будущего следователя, проведенной в Карагандинской академии МВД Республики Казахстан. Полученные результаты позволяют выделить и обосновать основные педагогические условия, обеспечивающие успешное формирование профессионально-педагогической подготовленности личности слушателя в процессе его подготовки. Выводы. Проведенное исследование показало, что максимальное использование потенциала педагогического процесса в совершенствовании профессионально-педагогической подготовки слушателей вузов МВД РК предполагает четкую постановку учебно-воспитательных целей данной подготовки; качественный отбор и логическое построение ее содержания.