cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mitotic Evolution of Plasmodium falciparum Shows a Stable Core Genome but Recombination in Antigen Families
Creators: name: Bopp, Selina E. R.
name: Manary, Micah J.
name: Bright, A. Taylor
name: Chi-Johnston, Geoffrey Louis
name: Dharia, Neekesh V.
name: Luna, Fabio L.
name: McCormack, Susan
name: Plouffe, David
name: McNamara, Case W.
name: Walker, John R.
name: Fidock, David Armand
name: Denchi, Eros Lazzerini
name: Winzeler, Elizabeth A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: Plasmodium

description: Malaria parasites elude eradication attempts both within the human host and across nations. At the individual level, parasites evade the host immune responses through antigenic variation. At the global level, parasites escape drug pressure through single nucleotide variants and gene copy amplification events conferring drug resistance. Despite their importance to global health, the rates at which these genomic alterations emerge have not been determined. We studied the complete genomes of different Plasmodium falciparum clones that had been propagated asexually over one year in the presence and absence of drug pressure. A combination of whole-genome microarray analysis and next-generation deep resequencing (totaling 14 terabases) revealed a stable core genome with only 38 novel single nucleotide variants appearing in seventeen evolved clones (avg. 5.4 per clone). In clones exposed to atovaquone, we found cytochrome b mutations as well as an amplification event encompassing the P. falciparum multidrug resistance associated protein (mrp1) on chromosome 1. We observed 18 large-scale (greater than 1 kb on average) deletions of telomere-proximal regions encoding multigene families, involved in immune evasion (9.5×10−6 structural variants per base pair per generation). Six of these deletions were associated with chromosomal crossovers generated during mitosis. We found only minor differences in rates between genetically distinct strains and between parasites cultured in the presence or absence of drug. Using these derived mutation rates for P. falciparum (1.0–9.7×10−9 mutations per base pair per generation), we can now model the frequency at which drug or immune resistance alleles will emerge under a well-defined set of assumptions. Further, the detection of mitotic recombination events in var gene families illustrates how multigene families can arise and change over time in P. falciparum. These results will help improve our understanding of how P. falciparum evolves to evade control efforts within both the individual hosts and large populations.
title: The impact of positioning deviations in target volume cover and organs at risk in lung tumors treatments with 3D Conformational Radiotherapy
Creators: name: Pinheiro, Joao
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Patient Safety
subject: Lung
subject: Oncology
subject: Radiographers
subject: PET-CT
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: Image guided radiotherapy
subject: Radiotherapy techniques
subject: Prospective
subject: Cross-sectional study
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Deviations in positioning may cause a large variation on the expected dose distribution in the target as well as in organs at risk (OARs), leading, in the worst cases, to underdose in target volume or overdose in OARs[1]. A correct margin definition...
Variations in the Abundances of Potassium and Thorium on the Surface of Mercury: Results from the MESSENGER Gamma-Ray Spectrometer
Creators: name: Solomon, Sean C.
name: Peplowski, Patrick N.
name: Lawrence, David J.
name: Rhodes, Edgar A.
name: Sprague, Ann L.
name: McCoy, Timothy J.
name: Denevi, Brett W.
name: Evans, Larry G.
name: Head, James W.
name: Nittler, Larry R.
name: Stockstill-Cahill, Karen R.
name: Weider, Shoshana Z.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Planetology

description: A technique for converting gamma-ray count rates measured by the Gamma-Ray Spectrometer on the MESSENGER spacecraft to spatially resolved maps of the gamma-ray emission from the surface of Mercury is utilized to map the surface distributions of the elements Si, O, and K over the planet's northern hemisphere. Conversion of the K gamma-ray count rates to elemental abundances on the surface reveals variations from 300 to 2400 ppm. A comparison of these abundances with models for the maximum surface temperature suggests the possibility that a temperature-related process is controlling the K abundances on the surface as well as providing K to the exosphere. The abundances of K and Th have been determined for several geologically distinct regions, including Mercury's northern smooth plains and the plains interior to the Caloris basin. The lack of a significant variation in the measured Th abundances suggests that there may be considerable variability in the K/Th abundance ratio over the mapped regions.
title: Impact of imaging in the acute pancreatitis: about 213 cases.
Creators: name: Bannar, Badiaa
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multicentre study
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Retrospective
subject: Oedema
subject: Inflammation
subject: Acute
subject: Education
subject: Drainage
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Pancreas
subject: Contrast agents
subject: Abdomen
subject: Abdominal Viscera

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: •Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory disease of the pancreas that may also involve surrounding tissues or remote organs. The Atlanta classification of acute pancreatitis was introduced in 1992 and divides patients into mild and severe...
Hockey and spectacle: critical reflections on Canadian culture
Creators: name: Zuurbier, Peter
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Bibliography: p. 107-109.
description: Canada possesses few symbolic markers to build any unified conception of national identity around. Spectacle has played a distinct role in the development and maintenance of Canadian identity for decades. Televised professional hockey is a crucial component of the spectacle. For Canadians the ritualized viewing of professional hockey on television over generations has ingrained the spectacle within traditional notions of hockey mythology. The Canadian hockey spectacle is the subject for examination in this thesis. Theories surrounding spectacle and myth are harmonized and applied to two recent game-texts. The results indicate a great deal of celebration and affirmation of notions traditionally found in Canadian hockey mythology. Moments of contestation were examined for their efficacy in re-shaping Canadian hockey discourse within the spectacle. Finally, the notion of contestation is interrogated and deemed an extension of the logic of contemporary spectacle, encouraging deeper captivation.
How Important Is ‘Accuracy’ of Surrogate Decision-Making for Research Participation?
Creators: name: Kim, Scott Y. H.
name: Kim, H. Myra
name: Ryan, Kerry A.
name: Appelbaum, Paul S.
name: Knopman, David S.
name: Damschroder, Laura
name: De Vries, Raymond
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Aging
subject: Clinical psychology

description: Background: There is a longstanding concern about the accuracy of surrogate consent in representing the health care and research preferences of those who lose their ability to decide for themselves. We sought informed, deliberative views of the older general public (≥50 years old) regarding their willingness to participate in dementia research and to grant leeway to future surrogates to choose an option contrary to their stated wishes.
Methodology/Principal Findings: 503 persons aged 50+ recruited by random digit dialing were randomly assigned to one of three groups: deliberation, education, or control. The deliberation group attended an all-day education/peer deliberation session; the education group received written information only. Participants were surveyed at baseline, after the deliberation session (or equivalent time), and one month after the session, regarding their willingness to participate in dementia research and to give leeway to surrogates, regarding studies of varying risk-benefit profiles (a lumbar puncture study, a drug randomized controlled trial, a vaccine randomized controlled trial, and an early phase gene transfer trial). At baseline, 48% (gene transfer scenario) to 92% (drug RCT) were willing to participate in future dementia research. A majority of respondents (57–71% depending on scenario) were willing to give leeway to future surrogate decision-makers. Democratic deliberation increased willingness to participate in all scenarios, to grant leeway in 3 of 4 scenarios (lumbar puncture, vaccine, and gene transfer), and to enroll loved ones in research in all scenarios. On average, respondents were more willing to volunteer themselves for research than to enroll their loved ones.
Conclusions/Significance: Most people were willing to grant leeway to their surrogates, and this willingness was either sustained or increased after democratic deliberation, suggesting that the attitude toward leeway is a reliable opinion. Eliciting a person’s current preferences about future research participation should also involve eliciting his or her leeway preferences.
title: Extent of breast cancer. Assessment with sonography (US), real-time elastography (EG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Creators: name: Catalano, Orlando
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Breast
subject: Mammography
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer
subject: Prospective
subject: Observational
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: US has a tendency to underestimate breast cancer size. In this single-center, prospective study we evaluate the potential additional value of EG in measuring lesions size. Fig. 1 , Fig. 2 , Fig. 3 , Fig. 4...
Ultrafast spontaneous spin switching in an antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Weiss, Marvin A.
name: Herbst, Andreas
name: Schlegel, Julius
name: Dannegger, Tobias
name: Evers, Martin
name: Donges, Andreas
name: Nakajima, Makoto
name: Leitenstorfer, Alfred
name: Goennenwein, Sebastian T. B.
name: Nowak, Ulrich
name: Kurihara, Takayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Owing to their high magnon frequencies, antiferromagnets are key materials for future high-speed spintronics. Picosecond switching of antiferromagnetic order has been viewed a milestone for decades and pursued only by using ultrafast external perturbations. Here, we show that picosecond spin switching occurs spontaneously due to thermal fluctuations in the antiferromagnetic orthoferrite Sm0.7Er0.3FeO3. By analysing the correlation between the pulse-to-pulse polarisation fluctuations of two femtosecond optical probes, we extract the autocorrelation of incoherent magnon fluctuations. We observe a strong enhancement of the magnon fluctuation amplitude and the coherence time around the critical temperature of the spin reorientation transition. The spectrum shows two distinct modes, one corresponding to the quasi-ferromagnetic mode and another one which has not been previously reported in pump-probe experiments. Comparison to a stochastic spin dynamics simulation reveals this new mode as smoking gun of ultrafast spontaneous spin switching within the double-well anisotropy potential.
description: 11 page main manuscript and 4 page Supplementary Material, 5 main figures and 5 Supplementary Figures
title: Anatomical variations of the acromial and coracoid process
Creators: name: Chavez Blanco, Karla Ivonne
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Image verification
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Education and training
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Normal variants
subject: Education
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: CT
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Anatomy
subject: Musculoskeletal

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Rotator cuff injuries are a common cause of shoulder pain, present in up to 30% of individuals over 65 years. They are directly related to the shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS), a condition produced by morphological alterations of the anatomic...
Ionization Balance, Chemical Abundances, and the Metagalactic Radiation Field at High Redshift
Creators: name: Savin, Daniel Wolf
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Astrophysics
Microphysics

description: We have carried out a series of model calculations of the photoionized intergalactic medium (IGM) to determine the effects on the predicted ionic column densities due to uncertainties in the published dielectronic recombination (DR) rate coefficients. Based on our previous experimental work and a comparison of published theoretical DR rates, we estimate there is in general a factor of 2 uncertainty in existing DR rates used for modeling the IGM. We demonstrate that this uncertainty results in factors of ~1.9 uncertainty in the predicted N V and Si IV column densities, ~2.0 for O VI, and ~1.7 for C IV. We show that these systematic uncertainties translate into a systematic uncertainty of up to a factor of ~3.1 in the Si/C abundance ratio inferred from observations. The inferred IGM abundance ratio could thus be less than (Si/C)☉ or greater than 3(Si/C)☉. If the latter is true, then it suggests the metagalactic radiation field is not due purely to quasars but includes a significant stellar component. Lastly, column density ratios of Si IV to C IV versus C II to C IV are often used to constrain the decrement in the metagalactic radiation field at the He II absorption edge. We show that the variation in the predicted Si IV to C IV ratio due to a factor of 2 uncertainty in the DR rates is almost as large as that due to a factor of 10 change in the decrement. Laboratory measurements of the relevant DR resonance strengths and energies are the only unambiguous method of removing the effects of these atomic physics uncertainties from models of the IGM.
Additional file 1 of Combined impact of lipidomic and genetic aberrations on clinical outcomes in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Creators: name: Mak, Blossom
name: Lin, Hui-Ming
name: Kwan, Edmond M.
name: Fettke, Heidi
name: Tran, Ben
name: Davis, Ian D.
name: Mahon, Kate
name: Stockler, Martin R.
name: Briscoe, Karen
name: Marx, Gavin
name: Zhang, Alison
name: Crumbaker, Megan
name: Tan, Winston
name: Huynh, Kevin
name: Meikle, Thomas G.
name: Mellett, Natalie A.
name: Hoy, Andrew J.
name: Du, Pan
name: Yu, Jianjun
name: Jia, Shidong
name: Joshua, Anthony M.
name: Waugh, David J.
name: Butler, Lisa M.
name: Kohli, Manish
name: Meikle, Peter J.
name: Azad, Arun A.
name: Horvath, Lisa G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary information for ‘Combined impact of lipidomic and genetic aberrations on clinical outcomes in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer’. Supplementary information, figures and tables for ‘Combined impact of lipidomic and genetic aberrations on clinical outcomes in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer’.
Influence of Small-Scale Inhomogeneities on the Cosmological Consistency Tests
Creators: name: Busti, V. C.
name: Lima, J. A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current cosmological dark sector (dark matter plus dark energy) is challenging our comprehension about the physical processes taking place in the Universe. Recently, some authors tried to falsify the basic underlying assumptions of such dark matter-dark energy paradigm. In this Letter, we show that oversimplifications of the measurement process may produce false positives to any consistency test based on the globally homogeneous and isotropic LCDM model and its expansion history based on distance measurements. In particular, when local inhomogeneity effects due to clumped matter or voids are taken into account, an apparent violation of the basic assumptions ("Copernican Principle") seems to be present. Conversely, the amplitude of the deviations also probes the degree of reliability underlying the phenomenological Dyer-Roeder procedure by confronting its predictions with the accuracy of the weak lensing approach. Finally, a new method is devised to reconstruct the effects of the inhomogeneities in a LCDM model, and some suggestions of how to distinguish between clumpiness (or void) effects from different cosmologies are discussed.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures. Improved version accepted for publication as a Letter in MNRAS
Probing mechanical quantum coherence with an ultracold-atom probe
Creators: name: Gullo, N. Lo
name: Busch, Th.
name: Palma, G. M.
name: Paternostro, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme to probe quantum coherence in the state of a nano-cantilever based on its magnetic coupling (mediated by a magnetic tip) with a spinor Bose Einstein condensate (BEC). By mapping the BEC into a rotor, its coupling with the cantilever results in a gyroscopic motion whose properties depend on the state of the cantilever: the dynamics of one of the components of the rotor angular momentum turns out to be strictly related to the presence of quantum coherence in the state of the cantilever. We also suggest a detection scheme relying on Faraday rotation, which produces only a very small back-action on the BEC and it is thus suitable for a continuous detection of the cantilever's dynamics.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Mechanically probing coherent tunnelling in a double quantum dot
Creators: name: Gardner, Jamie
name: Bennett, Steven D.
name: Clerk, Aashish A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the interaction between the charge dynamics of a few-electron double quantum dot and a capacitively-coupled AFM cantilever, a setup realized in several recent experiments. We demonstrate that the dot-induced frequency shift and damping of the cantilever can be used as a sensitive probe of coherent inter-dot tunnelling, and that these effects can be used to quantitatively extract both the magnitude of the coherent interdot tunneling and (in some cases) the value of the double-dot T_1 time. We also show how the adiabatic modulation of the double-dot eigenstates by the cantilever motion leads to new effects compared to the single-dot case.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
title: Can knee radiography be used as a method for assessing bone age?
Creators: name: Maruichi, Marcelo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Paediatric
subject: Bones
subject: Paediatric
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Health policy and practice
subject: Medico-legal issues
subject: Socio-economic issues
subject: Biological effects
subject: Endocrine disorders
subject: Retrospective
subject: Cross-sectional study
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Skeletal maturation reflects the replacement of the fetal cartilaginous bone by the fully ossified bones of the adult.Epiphysesofbonesunit at aparticular patternfor each age and is therefore used as a reference for defining bone age (BA), which is...
Density-functional theory for 1D harmonically trapped Bose-Fermi mixture
Creators: name: Wang, Hongmei
name: Hao, Yajiang
name: Zhang, Yunbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a density-functional theory for the one dimensional harmonically trapped Bose-Fermi mixture with repulsive contact interactions. The ground state density distribution of each component is obtained by solving the Kohn-Sham equations numerically based on the Local Density Approximation and the exact solution for the homogeneous system given by Bethe ansatz method. It is shown that for strong enough interaction, a considerable amount of fermions are repelled out of the central region of the trap, exhibiting partial phase separation of Bose and Fermi components. Oscillations emerge in the Bose density curves reflecting the strong correlation with Fermions. For infinite strong interaction, the ground state energy of the mixture and the total density are consistent with the scenario that all atoms in the mixture are fully fermionized.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Liberalization, Moral Hazard in Banking, and Prudential Regulation: Are Capital Requirements Enough?
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
name: Hellmann, Thomas F.
name: Murdock, Kevin C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Economics

description: In a dynamic model of moral hazard, competition can undermine prudent bank behavior. While capital-requirement regulation can induce prudent behavior, the policy yields Pareto-inefficient outcomes. Capital requirements reduce gambling incentives by putting bank equity at risk. However, they also have a perverse effect of harming banks' franchise values, thus encouraging gambling. Pareto-efficient outcomes can be achieved by adding deposit-rate controls as a regulatory instrument, since they facilitate prudent investment by increasing franchise values. Even if deposit-rate ceilings are not binding on the equilibrium path, they may be useful in deterring gambling off the equilibrium path. (JEL G2, E4, L5)
Trust, friendship and Hogwarts houses: an ethnography of Harry Potter fans
Creators: name: Dunphy, Heather Victoria
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Bibliography: p. 151-161.
description: A few pages are in colour.
description: Includes a copy of Ethics Review forms. Originals with original copy of Partial Copyright Licence.
description: Millions of people worldwide have enjoyed reading the Harry Potter books and watching the film adaptations. Some enjoyed the series so much they actively participate with the text and interact with others sharing their mutual interest. This thesis explores the community of Harry Potter fans and how cross-cutting ties contribute to group cohesion. It also explores the pervasive sense of trust within the Harry Potter fandom and how trust contributes to group membership and fandom unity. I draw on participant observation and qualitative interview data collected during my fieldwork with Harry Potter fans during the summer of 2010. I argue that the Harry Potter fans have memberships in overlapping subgroups. These subgroups help build a unified community that is similar to the close-knit community that Harry Potter experiences at Hogwarts and yet is at odds with the social structure of the non-fandom lives of fans.
title: “An analysis of radiological features of pulmonary lesions and their correlation with Computed Tomography-Guided Percutaneous Transthoracic Needle Biopsy (CT-PTNB) results. Our experience.”
Creators: name: Vargas, Mara
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Image registration
subject: Biopsy
subject: PET-CT
subject: CT
subject: Oncology
subject: Lung
subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Interventional Radiology

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: To analyse the radiological variables associated with malignancy features, to determine the diagnostic yield and frequency of complications deriving from Computed Tomography-Guided Percutaneous Transthoracic Needle Biopsies (CT-PTNBs) performed in...
Toda-Heisenberg chain: interacting sigma-fields in two dimensions
Creators: name: Pritula, G. M.
name: Vekslerchik, V. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37J35, 35Q51, 37K10, 37K35, 11C20

description: We study a (2+1)-dimensional system that can be viewed as an infinite number of O(3) sigma-fields coupled by a nearest-neighbour Heisenberg-like interaction. We reduce the field equations of this model to an integrable system that is closely related to the two-dimensional relativistic Toda chain and the Ablowitz-Ladik equations. Using this reduction we obtain the dark-soliton solutions of our model.
Trade Liberalisation and "Fair Trade" Demands: Addressing the Environmental and Labour Standards Issues
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Economics

description: Alternative ways to confront the demands of rich countries for higher labour standards in poor nations are proposed. The author favours the achievement of a multilateral consensus on the moral and economic legitimacy of a carefully-defined labour standard under the aegis of the International Labour Organisation, which should also be in charge of monitoring compliance. Grave violations would lead to multilateral sanctions against the concerned nations.
Conflict resolution in the Spanish sla of Yucatec ejectives: l1, l2 and universal constraints
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Poot, Antonio Arcenio
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Bibliography: p. 310-325.
description: Includes a copy of Ethics Review forms. Originals with original copy of Partial Copyright Licence.
description: A few pages are in colour.
Competitive exclusion and Hebbian couplings in random generalised Lotka-Volterra systems
Creators: name: Garcia, Enrique Rozas
name: Crumpton, Mark J.
name: Galla, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study communities emerging from generalised random Lotka--Volterra dynamics with a large number of species with interactions determined by the degree of niche overlap. Each species is endowed with a number of traits, and competition between pairs of species increases with their similarity in trait space. This leads to a model with random Hopfield-like interactions. We use tools from the theory of disordered systems, notably dynamic mean field theory, to characterise the statistics of the resulting communities at stable fixed points and determine analytically when stability breaks down. Two distinct types of transition are identified in this way, both marked by diverging abundances, but differing in the behaviour of the integrated response function. At fixed points only a fraction of the initial pool of species survives. We numerically study the eigenvalue spectra of the interaction matrix between extant species. We find evidence that the two types of dynamical transition are, respectively, associated with the bulk spectrum or an outlier eigenvalue crossing into the right half of the complex plane.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures + Supplement
Superluminal neutrinos from Lorentz-violating dimension-5 operators
Creators: name: Almeida, C. A. G.
name: Anacleto, M. A.
name: Brito, F. A.
name: Passos, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider Lorentz- and CPT-violating dimension-5 operators to address the issue of superluminal neutrinos recently pointed out in OPERA experiments. We assume these operators in the photon and neutrino sectors coupled to Lorentz-violating backgrounds in a preferred frame defined by a time-like direction. We show that such operators can produce a curve with OPERA's slope that fits OPERA, MINOS and supernova SN1987a data.
description: 4 pages, accepted in EPJC
Characterization of the Morphometry of Impact Craters Hosting Polar Deposits in Mercury's North Polar Region
Creators: name: Solomon, Sean C.
name: Talpe, Matthieu J.
name: Zuber, Maria T.
name: Yang, Di
name: Neumann, Gregory A.
name: Mazarico, Erwan
name: Vilas, Faith
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Physical geography
Planetology

description: Earth-based radar images of Mercury show radar-bright material inside impact craters near the planet's poles. A previous study indicated that the polar-deposit-hosting craters (PDCs) at Mercury's north pole are shallower than craters that lack such deposits. We use data acquired by the Mercury Laser Altimeter on the MESSENGER spacecraft during 11 months of orbital observations to revisit the depths of craters at high northern latitudes on Mercury. We measured the depth and diameter of 537 craters located poleward of 45 degrees N, evaluated the slopes of the northern and southern walls of 30 PDCs, and assessed the floor roughness of 94 craters, including nine PDCs. We find that the PDCs appear to have a fresher crater morphology than the non-PDCs and that the radar-bright material has no detectable influence on crater depths, wall slopes, or floor roughness. The statistical similarity of crater depth-diameter relations for the PDC and non-PDC populations places an upper limit on the thickness of the radar-bright material (less than 170 m for a crater 11 km in diameter) that can be refined by future detailed analysis. Results of the current study are consistent with the view that the radar-bright material constitutes a relatively thin layer emplaced preferentially in comparatively young craters.
title: It’s Risky Business: Imaging Features Predictive of Upgrading High-Risk Lesions at Surgery
Creators: name: Chan, Tiffany
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Multidisciplinary cancer care
subject: Calcifications / Calculi
subject: Vacuum assisted biopsy
subject: Surgery
subject: Biopsy
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Mammography
subject: Management
subject: Breast

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Management of high-risk lesions remains controversial, and there islimited literature on features associated with lesion upgrade at time of surgical excision. Identifying imaging features associated with lesion upgrade will help risk stratify...
title: The role of Radiologic Technologists in a Telemedicine Project in Madagascar
Creators: name: Tabarrini, Federico
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Not applicable
subject: Outcomes
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Education and training
subject: Teleradiology
subject: eLearning
subject: Computer Applications-Teleradiology
subject: Teleradiology
subject: RIS
subject: PACS
subject: Radiographers
subject: eHealth
subject: Computer applications
subject: Information Technology

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Madagascar is a developing country, characterized by profound antitheses, in terms of infrastructure on the one hand and of socio-cultural growth on the other, with the consequent persistence of a precarious, poorly distributed health system. This...
A study of data partitioning and prefetching for hybrid storage systems
Creators: name: Sultana, Maliha
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Storage system performance has received much attention since the early days of computing systems because of the mismatch between computing power and I/O access times. The invention of new technologies have increased storage system performance, but due to the cost-performance trade off no one type of storage media is capable to meet both performance and capacity requirements. This motivated us to study the impact of data management techniques such as data partitioning and correlated prefetching on I/O performance when two different non-volatile storage media are integrated into a computing system. First, we consider partitioning data blocks between two devices, where one device is significantly faster than the other. We assume that significantly faster performance also implies a significantly smaller capacity. Clearly not all data can be stored or cached in the faster device. Second, to improve performance of the slower device, we investigate if correlation-directed prefetching (CDP) may offer significant benefits. Although CDP has been studied previously, we look into some special aspects of it. We analyze how different block correlation analysis heuristics affect the performance of CDP. We developed a simulator to study the effect of the different techniques when using devices with differing characteristics. Our results show that data partitioning can significantly improve storage system performance. For a hard disk and solid-state drive based system, we achieved 2--92% improvement for different traces. We also show that data partitioning based on application long-range block access patterns performs significantly better than caching temporal locality of references. To evaluate the hybrid system in real world settings, we present a case study, a prototype data block manager for Linux-based systems that permits data to be partitioned across an SSD and an HDD. This partitioning is transparent to the file system and the block manager can also trigger data prefetches when there is high correlation between data block accesses.
title: Deep learning model for chest x-ray pathology classification performance on an independent Spanish dataset
Creators: name: Rimeika, Gustas
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Image verification
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
subject: Not applicable

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Chest x-rays (CXRs) still make up a large fraction of all radiological studies. CXRs constitute a stark challenge for computer-aided diagnosis. The success to adapt and utilize a deep learning model for clinical applications greatly depends on its...
title: Quantitative assessment of contrast enhancement in Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography (CESM) – preliminary results
Creators: name: Luczynska, Elzbieta
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Oncologic Imaging
subject: Breast
subject: Mammography
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer
subject: Retrospective
subject: Cross-sectional study
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Contrast Enhanced Spectral Mammography (CESM) is a novel method for breast cancer detection. This new mammography technique has been introduced to combine the benefits of mammography with dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging techniques. Recent studies...
Physics-agnostic and Physics-infused machine learning for thin films flows: modeling, and predictions from small data
Creators: name: Martin-Linares, Cristina P.
name: Psarellis, Yorgos M.
name: Karapetsas, Georgios
name: Koronaki, Eleni D.
name: Kevrekidis, Ioannis G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Numerical simulations of multiphase flows are crucial in numerous engineering applications, but are often limited by the computationally demanding solution of the Navier-Stokes (NS) equations. Here, we present a data-driven workflow where a handful of detailed NS simulation data are leveraged into a reduced-order model for a prototypical vertically falling liquid film. We develop a physics-agnostic model for the film thickness, achieving a far better agreement with the NS solutions than the asymptotic Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (KS) equation. We also develop two variants of physics-infused models providing a form of calibration of a low-fidelity model (i.e. the KS) against a few high-fidelity NS data. Finally, predictive models for missing data are developed, for either the amplitude, or the full-field velocity and even the flow parameter from partial information. This is achieved with the so-called "Gappy Diffusion Maps", which we compare favorably to its linear counterpart, Gappy POD.
MESSENGER Observations of Dipolarization Events in Mercury's Magnetotail
Creators: name: Solomon, Sean C.
name: Sundberg, Torbjorn
name: Slavin, James A.
name: Boardsen, Scott A.
name: Anderson, Brian J.
name: Korth, Haje
name: Ho, George C.
name: Schriver, David
name: Uritsky, Vadim M.
name: Zurbuchen, Thomas H.
name: Raines, Jim M.
name: Baker, Daniel N.
name: Krimigis, Stamatios M.
name: McNutt Jr., Ralph L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Planetology

description: Several series of large dipolarization events are documented from magnetic field observations in Mercury's magnetotail made by the MESSENGER spacecraft. The dipolarizations are identified by a rapid (∼1 s) increase in the northward component of the magnetic field, followed by a slower return (∼10 s) to pre-onset values. The changes in field strength during an event frequently reach 40 nT or higher, equivalent to an increase in the total magnetic field magnitude by a factor of ∼4 or more. The presence of spatially constrained dipolarizations at Mercury provides a key to understanding the magnetic substorm process in a new parameter regime: the dipolarization timescale, which is shorter than at Earth, is suspected to lead to efficient non-adiabatic heating of the plasma sheet proton population, and the high recurrence rate of the structures is similar to that frequently observed for flux ropes and traveling compression regions in Mercury's magnetotail. The relatively short lifetime of the events is attributed to the lack of steady field-aligned current systems at Mercury.
Comparison of Viscosities from the Chapman-Enskog and Relaxation Time Methods
Creators: name: Wiranata, A.
name: Prakash, M.
name: Chakraborty, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantitative comparison between the results of shear viscosities from the Chapman-Enskog and relaxation time methods is performed for selected test cases with specified elastic differential cross sections: (i) the non-relativistic, relativistic and ultra-relativistic hard sphere gas with angle and energy independent differential cross section, (ii) the Maxwell gas, (iii) chiral pions and (iv) massive pions. Our quantitative results reveal that the extent of agreement (or disagreement) depends very sensitively on the energy dependence of the differential cross sections employed.
description: Submitted to Cent. Eur. J.Phys
Spousal support for physicians: do occupational similarity, gender or parental status matter?
Creators: name: Jovanovic, Alyssa Jill
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Bibliography: p. 188-199.
description: This dissertation uses a mixed methods research design in order to examine how the occupation of one's spouse, gender and parental status may explain differences in the types and amounts of spousal support individuals receive when coping with work-related stress. In doing so, interview data were analyzed from physicians and their spouse along with survey data from married physicians, some of whom are married to other physicians, some have a spouse working in a health-related field, some have a spouse working outside of medicine, and others who have a spouse who is not employed. The results of both the qualitative and quantitative analyses suggest that physicians with the greatest degree of shared occupational and experiential similarity with their spouse (i.e., married to physicians) received the most support from their spouse. This is consistent with the theory of homophily in demonstrating the importance of shared experiences in understanding the effectiveness of social support. The results of both sets of data also show that male physicians tend to receive more emotional support from their spouse than female physicians. These findings suggest that wives provide more understanding and empathy to their spouses than husbands, consistent with the support gap hypothesis in the literature on gender differences in social support. Finally, both the interviews and survey results suggest that physicians who are parents receive less emotional and informational support than physicians who are not parents, particularly since parents are often busier with childcare responsibilities. However, contrary to what was expected, the results of the quantitative analysis suggest that parents of school-aged children received significantly less social support than those with preschool-aged children. The interviews also suggested that once physicians have children, wives tend to provide more instrumental support than husbands since physicians' wives are more likely to be responsible for childcare and housework. This dissertation closes with a discussion of the qualitative and quantitative finding, the conclusions of this study and implications for future research.
MESSENGER Detection of Electron-Induced X-Ray Fluorescence from Mercury's surface
Creators: name: Solomon, Sean C.
name: Starr, Richard D.
name: Schriver, David
name: Nittler, Larry R.
name: Weider, Shoshana Z.
name: Byrne, Paul K.
name: Ho, George C.
name: Rhodes, Edgar A.
name: Schlemm II, Charles E.
name: Travnicek, Pavel M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Planetology

description: The X-Ray Spectrometer (XRS) on the MESSENGER spacecraft measures elemental abundances on the surface of Mercury by detecting fluorescent X-ray emissions induced on the planet's surface by the incident solar X-ray flux. The XRS began orbital observations on 23 March 2011 and has observed X-ray fluorescence (XRF) from the surface of the planet whenever a sunlit portion of Mercury has been within the XRS field of view. Solar flares are generally required to provide sufficient signal to detect elements that fluoresce at energies above ∼2 keV, but XRF up to the calcium line (3.69 keV) has been detected from Mercury's surface at times when the XRS field of view included only unlit portions of the planet. Many such events have been detected and are identified as electron-induced X-ray emission produced by the interaction of ∼1-10 keV electrons with Mercury's surface. Electrons in this energy range were detected by the XRS during the three Mercury flybys and have also been observed regularly in orbit about Mercury. Knowledge of the energy spectrum of the electrons precipitating at the planet's surface makes it possible to infer surface composition from the measured fluorescent spectra, providing additional measurement opportunities for the XRS. Abundance results for Mg, Al, and Si are in good agreement with those derived from solar-induced XRF data, providing independent validation of the analysis methodologies. Derived S and Ca abundances are somewhat higher than derived from the solar-induced fluorescence data, possibly reflecting incomplete knowledge of the energy spectra of electrons impacting the planet.
Partial-wave analysis of π-p {\to} ηn and π-p {\to} K0Λ reactions
Creators: name: Shrestha, M.
name: Manley, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the hadronic reactions πN {\to} ηN and πN {\to} KΛ via single-energy partial-wave analyses in the c.m. energy range 1080 to 2100 MeV. Our results for the KΛ channel are consistent with prior works; however, for the ηN channel our results differ significantly from previous energy-dependent partial-wave analyses that violate the S-matrix unitarity. We present the first (new) results of ηN and KΛ partial-wave amplitudes constrained by a unitary energy-dependent model. We obtain excellent predictions of integrated cross sections for the two reactions from a global energy-dependent solution. Our results imply that the region just above S11 (1535) has a major contribution from P11 (1710) for π-p {\to} ηn, whereas the large peak near 1700 MeV in π-p {\to} K0Λ is dominated by contributions from both S11 (1650) and P11 (1710).
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
Regulation of Neurod1 Contributes to the Lineage Potential of Neurogenin3+ Endocrine Precursor Cells in the Pancreas
Creators: name: Mastracci, Teresa
name: Anderson, Keith R.
name: Papizan, James
name: Sussel, Lori
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental biology
subject: Endocrinology

description: During pancreatic development, transcription factor cascades gradually commit precursor populations to the different endocrine cell fate pathways. Although mutational analyses have defined the functions of many individual pancreatic transcription factors, the integrative transcription factor networks required to regulate lineage specification, as well as their sites of action, are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated where and how the transcription factors Nkx2.2 and Neurod1 genetically interact to differentially regulate endocrine cell specification. In an Nkx2.2 null background, we conditionally deleted Neurod1 in the Pdx1+ pancreatic progenitor cells, the Neurog3+ endocrine progenitor cells, or the glucagon+ alpha cells. These studies determined that, in the absence of Nkx2.2 activity, removal of Neurod1 from the Pdx1+ or Neurog3+ progenitor populations is sufficient to reestablish the specification of the PP and epsilon cell lineages. Alternatively, in the absence of Nkx2.2, removal of Neurod1 from the Pdx1+ pancreatic progenitor population, but not the Neurog3+ endocrine progenitor cells, restores alpha cell specification. Subsequent in vitro reporter assays demonstrated that Nkx2.2 represses Neurod1 in alpha cells. Based on these findings, we conclude that, although Nkx2.2 and Neurod1 are both necessary to promote beta cell differentiation, Nkx2.2 must repress Neurod1 in a Pdx1+ pancreatic progenitor population to appropriately commit a subset of Neurog3+ endocrine progenitor cells to the alpha cell lineage. These results are consistent with the proposed idea that Neurog3+ endocrine progenitor cells represent a heterogeneous population of unipotent cells, each restricted to a particular endocrine lineage.