cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
zeus: A Python implementation of Ensemble Slice Sampling for efficient Bayesian parameter inference
Creators: name: Karamanis, Minas
name: Beutler, Florian
name: Peacock, John A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce zeus, a well-tested Python implementation of the Ensemble Slice Sampling (ESS) method for Bayesian parameter inference. ESS is a novel Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm specifically designed to tackle the computational challenges posed by modern astronomical and cosmological analyses. In particular, the method requires only minimal hand--tuning of 1-2 hyper-parameters that are often trivial to set; its performance is insensitive to linear correlations and it can scale up to 1000s of CPUs without any extra effort. Furthermore, its locally adaptive nature allows to sample efficiently even when strong non-linear correlations are present. Lastly, the method achieves a high performance even in strongly multimodal distributions in high dimensions. Compared to emcee, a popular MCMC sampler, zeus performs 9 and 29 times better in a cosmological and an exoplanet application respectively.
description: 15 pages, 17 figures, 2 tables, published in MNRAS; Code available at https://github.com/minaskar/zeus
Myllaena ludificans Casey 1911
Creators: name: Webster, Reginald
name: Klimaszewski, Jan
name: Pelletier, Georges
name: Savard, Karine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Myllaena
Myllaena ludificans

description: Myllaena ludificans Casey, 1911 Fig 24, Map 25 New Records. CANADA, New Brunswick, Charlotte Co. near New River, 45.2067°N, 66.6505°W, 13.VI.2008 (1 ♁, RWC). York Co., Mazerolle Settlement, 45.8729°N, 66.8311°W, 28.IV.2006 (1 ♁, 1 ♀, RWC). Bionomic Notes. In New Brunswick, adults of M. ludificans were collected from gravel on the margin of a large brook on a gravel bar partially shaded by alders, and in grass litter on muddy soil along a sun exposed stream margin through a former beaver pond. Elsewhere, this species was collected from margins of ponds (Klimaszewski 1982). In New Brunswick it was collected in April and June. Collection method: hand collecting (turning over cobblestones and pebbles), sifting. Map 25. Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of Myllaena ludificans. Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, QC, NB (Klimaszewski 1982, Gouix and Klimaszewski 2007). Myllaena ludificans occurs throughout eastern North America from Oklahoma north to Ontario, Quebec and Massachusetts (Klimaszewski 1982).
description: Published as part of Webster, Reginald, Klimaszewski, Jan, Pelletier, Georges & Savard, Karine, 2009, New Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) records with new collection data from New Brunswick, Canada. I. Aleocharinae, pp. 171-248 in ZooKeys 22 (22) on pages 202-203, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.22.152, http://zenodo.org/record/576537
description: {"references": ["Casey TL (1911) New American species of Aleocharinae and Myllaeninae. Memoirs on the Coleoptera 2. Th e New Era Printing Co., Lancaster, Pennsylvania.", "Klimaszewski J (1982) Studies of Myllaenini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). I. Systematics, phylogeny, and zoogeography of Nearctic Myllaena Erichson. Th e Canadian Entomologist 114: 181 - 242.", "Gouix N, Klimaszewski J (2007) Catalogue of Aleocharine Rove Beetles of Canada and Alaska (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow, 165 pp."]}
Semiclassical theory of ballistic transport through chaotic cavities with spin-orbit interaction
Creators: name: Bolte, Jens
name: Waltner, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the influence of spin-orbit interaction on ballistic transport through chaotic cavities by using semiclassical methods. Our approach is based on the Landauer formalism and the Fisher-Lee relations, appropriately generalized to spin-orbit interaction, and a semiclassical representation of Green functions. We calculate conductance coefficients by exploiting ergodicity and mixing of suitably combined classical spin-orbit dynamics, and making use of the Sieber-Richter method and its most recent extensions. That way we obtain weak anti-localization and confirm previous results obtained in the symplectic ensemble of Random Matrix Theory.
Do Differences in Values Influence Disagreements in Online Discussions?
Creators: name: van der Meer, Michiel
name: Vossen, Piek
name: Jonker, Catholijn M.
name: Murukannaiah, Pradeep K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Disagreements are common in online discussions. Disagreement may foster collaboration and improve the quality of a discussion under some conditions. Although there exist methods for recognizing disagreement, a deeper understanding of factors that influence disagreement is lacking in the literature. We investigate a hypothesis that differences in personal values are indicative of disagreement in online discussions. We show how state-of-the-art models can be used for estimating values in online discussions and how the estimated values can be aggregated into value profiles. We evaluate the estimated value profiles based on human-annotated agreement labels. We find that the dissimilarity of value profiles correlates with disagreement in specific cases. We also find that including value information in agreement prediction improves performance.
description: Accepted as main paper at EMNLP 2023
Photoelectric phenomena in structures based on high-resistivity semiconductor crystals with a thin insulator layer at the semiconductor-metal boundary
Creators: name: Kasherininov, P. G.
name: Kichaev, A. V.
name: Tomasov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A previously unknown effect-giant spatial redistribution of the electric field strength in a crystal under illumination of the structure - was discovered and investigated in real photoresistors on high-resistivity (semi-insulating) semiconductor CdTe crystals (in metal-thin insulator- semiconductor-thin insulator -metal structures). A new concept is proposed for photoelectric phenomena in high- resistivity semiconductor crystals. The concept is based on the idea that the redistribution of the field under such conditions that the carrier lifetime remains unchanged under illumination plays a determining role in these phenomena. The nature of the effect is described, the dependence of the characteristics of the structures on the parameters of the crystal and the insulator layers is explained by the manifestation of this effect, and ways to produce structures with prescribed photoelectric characteristics for new devices and scientific methods are examined.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Impulsvortrag der Task Group Forschungssoftware des Arbeitskreises Open Science der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
Creators: name: Schlauch, Tobias
name: Scheliga, Kaja
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: research software
policy
Helmholtz Association
deRSE19

description: Der Vortrag beschreibt die Aktivitäten der Task Group "Forschungssoftware" des Arbeitskreises Open Science der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft im Bereich der Policy-Entwicklung für Forschungssoftware. Der Impulsvortrag wurde im Rahmen des Workshops "Entwicklung von Policies und Richtlinien für Forschungssoftware" auf der deRSE19 gehalten. Der Workshop wurde zusammen mit der AG "Digitale Werkzeuge - Software und Dienste" der Schwerpunktinitiative “Digitale Information” der Allianz der deutschen Wissenschaftsorganisationen veranstaltet. Die AG entwickelt ebenfalls Richtlinien für den Umgang mit Forschungssoftware. Ziel des Workshops war es, die Praxiserfahrungen der Teilnehmenden aufzunehmen und damit die Inhalte der entstehenden Richtlinien weiter auszugestalten.
Signatures of the quantum nature of gravity in the differential motion of two masses
Creators: name: Datta, Animesh
name: Miao, Haixing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a signature of the quantum nature of gravity is the quantum mechanical squeezing of the differential motion of two identical masses with respect to their common mode. This is because the gravitational interaction depends solely on the relative position of the two masses. In principle, this squeezing is equivalent to quantum entanglement between the masses. In practice, detecting the squeezing is more feasible than detecting the entanglement. To that end, we propose an optical interferometric scheme to falsify hypothetical models of gravity.
description: Published version. Added analysis of gravity-gradient and seismic noise. 6 pages, 1 figure. Comments welcome!
Gas-grain chemistry in cold interstellar cloud cores with a microscopic Monte Carlo approach to surface chemistry
Creators: name: Chang, Q.
name: Cuppen, H. M.
name: Herbst, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: AIM: We have recently developed a microscopic Monte Carlo approach to study surface chemistry on interstellar grains and the morphology of ice mantles. The method is designed to eliminate the problems inherent in the rate-equation formalism to surface chemistry. Here we report the first use of this method in a chemical model of cold interstellar cloud cores that includes both gas-phase and surface chemistry. The surface chemical network consists of a small number of diffusive reactions that can produce molecular oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, methanol and assorted radicals. METHOD: The simulation is started by running a gas-phase model including accretion onto grains but no surface chemistry or evaporation. The starting surface consists of either flat or rough olivine. We introduce the surface chemistry of the three species H, O and CO in an iterative manner using our stochastic technique. Under the conditions of the simulation, only atomic hydrogen can evaporate to a significant extent. Although it has little effect on other gas-phase species, the evaporation of atomic hydrogen changes its gas-phase abundance, which in turn changes the flux of atomic hydrogen onto grains. The effect on the surface chemistry is treated until convergence occurs. We neglect all non-thermal desorptive processes. RESULTS: We determine the mantle abundances of assorted molecules as a function of time through 2x10^5 yr. Our method also allows determination of the abundance of each molecule in specific monolayers. The mantle results can be compared with observations of water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methanol ices in the sources W33A and Elias 16. Other than a slight underproduction of mantle CO, our results are in very good agreement with observations.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, to be published in A. & A
The Stochastic Axiverse
Creators: name: Reig, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In addition to spectacular signatures such as black hole superradiance and the rotation of CMB polarization, the plenitude of axions appearing in the string axiverse may have potentially dangerous implications. An example is the cosmological overproduction of relic axions and moduli by the misalignment mechanism, more pronounced in regions where the signals mentioned above may be observable, that is for large axion decay constant. In this work, we study the minimal requirements to soften this problem and show that the fundamental requirement is a long period of low-scale inflation. However, in this case, if the inflationary Hubble scale is lower than around $O(100)$ eV, no relic DM axion is produced in the early Universe. Cosmological production of some axions may be activated, via the misalignment mechanism, if their potential minimum changes between inflation and today. As a particular example, we study in detail how the maximal-misalignment mechanism dilutes the effect of dangerous axions and allows the production of axion DM in a controlled way. In this case, the potential of the axion that realises the mechanism shifts by a factor $Δθ=π$ between the inflationary epoch and today, and the axion starts to oscillate from the top of its potential. We also show that axions with masses $m_a\sim O(1-100)\, H_0$ realising the maximal-misalignment mechanism generically behave as dark energy with a decay constant that can take values well below the Planck scale, avoiding problems associated to super-Planckian scales. Finally, we briefly study the basic phenomenological implications of the mechanism and comment on the compatibility of this type of maximally-misaligned quintessence with the swampland criteria.
description: 45 pages, 6 figures; v2: references added, accepted for publication in JHEP
Management of localized energy in discrete nonlinear transmission lines
Creators: name: Sato, M.
name: Yasui, S.
name: Kimura, M.
name: Hikihara, T.
name: Sievers, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The manipulation of locked intrinsic localized modes/discrete breathers is studied experimentally in nonlinear electric transmission line arrays. Introducing a static lattice impurity in the form of a capacitor, resistor or inductor has been used both to seed or destroy and attract or repel these localized excitations. In a nonlinear di-element array counter propagating short electrical pulses traveling in the acoustic branch are used to generate a stationary intrinsic localized mode in the optic branch at any particular lattice site. By changing the pulse polarity the same localized excitation can be eliminated demonstrating that the dynamical impurity associated with the propagating electrical pulse in the acoustic branch can trigger optical localized mode behavior.
description: submitted
Quantum Long Short-Term Memory (QLSTM) vs Classical LSTM in Time Series Forecasting: A Comparative Study in Solar Power Forecasting
Creators: name: Khan, Saad Zafar
name: Muzammil, Nazeefa
name: Ghafoor, Salman
name: Khan, Haibat
name: Zaidi, Syed Mohammad Hasan
name: Aljohani, Abdulah Jeza
name: Aziz, Imran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurate solar power forecasting is pivotal for the global transition towards sustainable energy systems. This study conducts a meticulous comparison between Quantum Long Short-Term Memory (QLSTM) and classical Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models for solar power production forecasting. The primary objective is to evaluate the potential advantages of QLSTMs, leveraging their exponential representational capabilities, in capturing the intricate spatiotemporal patterns inherent in renewable energy data. Through controlled experiments on real-world photovoltaic datasets, our findings reveal promising improvements offered by QLSTMs, including accelerated training convergence and substantially reduced test loss within the initial epoch compared to classical LSTMs. These empirical results demonstrate QLSTM's potential to swiftly assimilate complex time series relationships, enabled by quantum phenomena like superposition. However, realizing QLSTM's full capabilities necessitates further research into model validation across diverse conditions, systematic hyperparameter optimization, hardware noise resilience, and applications to correlated renewable forecasting problems. With continued progress, quantum machine learning can offer a paradigm shift in renewable energy time series prediction, potentially ushering in an era of unprecedented accuracy and reliability in solar power forecasting worldwide. This pioneering work provides initial evidence substantiating quantum advantages over classical LSTM models while acknowledging present limitations. Through rigorous benchmarking grounded in real-world data, our study illustrates a promising trajectory for quantum learning in renewable forecasting.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures
Chemical Properties of Star Forming Dwarf Galaxies
Creators: name: Vaduvescu, O.
name: McCall, M. L.
name: Richer, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies of the near-infrared (NIR) properties of dwarf irregular galaxies (dIs) and blue compact dwarfs (BCDs) have provided improved estimates for the NIR luminosity of old stellar populations in these galaxies. These can be used to derive gas fractions, and thereby to evaluate how BCDs have evolved with respect to dIs. Oxygen abundances have been derived for four BCDs in the Virgo Cluster from a run at Gemini-North in 2003. Combining these new abundances with published values, we study the correlations among the metallicity, Ks luminosity, gas mass, baryonic mass, and gas fraction. Within errors, the two types of dwarfs appear to share a common relation between the oxygen abundance and the luminosity in Ks. The correlation between metallicity and the gas fraction is the same for BCDs as for dIs, indicating that BCD evolution has been similar to dIs. Since dIs appear to have evolved as isolated systems, the BCD bursts are unlikely to be a consequence of gas infall or merging.
description: Accepted in AJ (Aug 2007)
ความลับกับพระราชอำนาจ: การปกปิดและการเปิดโปงในอังกฤษช่วงศตวรรษที่ 17
Creators: name: วิศรุต พึ่งสุนทร
Publisher: name: คณะศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2019
Subjects: ความลี้ลับแห่งรัฐ
ความลับ
สมบูรณาญาสิทธิราชย์
วรรณกรรมประวัติลับ
ประเทศอังกฤษ

description: วารสารศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์, 19, 1, 1-22
Quasi--local angular momentum of non--symmetric isolated and dynamical horizons from the conformal decomposition of the metric
Creators: name: Korzynski, Mikolaj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new definition of quasi--local angular momentum of non--axisymmetric marginally outer trapped surfaces is proposed. It is based on conformal decomposition of the two--dimensional metric and the action of the group of conformal symmetries. The definition is completely general and agrees with the standard one in axi--symmetric surfaces.
description: Final version to appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity. One reference added
An Embedded Diachronic Sense Change Model with a Case Study from Ancient Greek
Creators: name: Zafar, Schyan
name: Nicholls, Geoff K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Word meanings change over time, and word senses evolve, emerge or die out in the process. For ancient languages, where the corpora are often small and sparse, modelling such changes accurately proves challenging, and quantifying uncertainty in sense-change estimates consequently becomes important. GASC (Genre-Aware Semantic Change) and DiSC (Diachronic Sense Change) are existing generative models that have been used to analyse sense change for target words from an ancient Greek text corpus, using unsupervised learning without the help of any pre-training. These models represent the senses of a given target word such as "kosmos" (meaning decoration, order or world) as distributions over context words, and sense prevalence as a distribution over senses. The models are fitted using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to measure temporal changes in these representations. This paper introduces EDiSC, an Embedded DiSC model, which combines word embeddings with DiSC to provide superior model performance. It is shown empirically that EDiSC offers improved predictive accuracy, ground-truth recovery and uncertainty quantification, as well as better sampling efficiency and scalability properties with MCMC methods. The challenges of fitting these models are also discussed.
Temporal Sequencing of Documents
Creators: name: Gervers, Michael
name: Tilahun, Gelila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We outline an unsupervised method for temporal rank ordering of sets of historical documents, namely American State of the Union Addresses and DEEDS, a corpus of medieval English property transfer documents. Our method relies upon effectively capturing the gradual change in word usage via a bandwidth estimate for the non-parametric Generalized Linear Models (Fan, Heckman, and Wand, 1995). The number of possible rank orders needed to search through for cost functions related to the bandwidth can be quite large, even for a small set of documents. We tackle this problem of combinatorial optimization using the Simulated Annealing algorithm, which allows us to obtain the optimal document temporal orders. Our rank ordering method significantly improved the temporal sequencing of both corpora compared to a randomly sequenced baseline. This unsupervised approach should enable the temporal ordering of undated document sets.
Phase-field simulations of the effect of temperature and interface for zirconium $δ\mbox{-}$hydrides
Creators: name: Chen, Zi-Hang
name: Sheng, Jie
name: Liu, Yu
name: Shi, Xiao-Ming
name: Huang, Houbing
name: Xu, Ke
name: Wang, Yue-Chao
name: Wu, Shuai
name: Sun, Bo
name: Liu, Hai-Feng
name: Song, Hai-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydride precipitation in zirconium cladding materials can damage their integrity and durability.Service temperature and material defects have a significant effect on the dynamic growth of hydrides. In this study, we have developed a phase field model based on the assumption of elastic behaviour within a specific temperature range (613-653K). This model allows us to study the influence of temperature and interfacial effects on the morphology, stress, and average growth rate of zirconium hydride. The results suggest that changes in temperature and interfacial energy influence the aspect ratio and average growth rate of the hydride morphology. The ultimate determinant of hydride orientation is the loss of interfacial coherence, primarily induced by interfacial dislocation defects and quantifiable by the mismatch degree $q$. An escalation in interfacial coherence loss leads to a transition of hydride growth from horizontal to vertical, accompanied by the onset of redirection behaviour. Interestingly, redirection occurs at a critical mismatch level, denoted $q_c$, and remains unaffected by variations in temperature and interfacial energy. However, this redirection leads to an increase in the maximum stress, which may influence the direction of hydride crack propagation. This research highlights the importance of interfacial coherence and provides valuable insights into the morphology and growth kinetics of hydrides in zirconium alloys.
description: 13 pages (text), 8 figures (text), 1 table (text), 6 pages (SI), 2 figures (SI)
จินตนาการกับความรู้: ภาพสะท้อนประเด็นสิ่งแวดล้อมในวรรณกรรมเด็กของเท็ด ฮิวส์
Creators: name: วศินรัฐ นวลศิริ
Publisher: name: คณะศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2019
Subjects: การวิจารณ์แนวนิเวศ
วิทยาศาสตร์และมนุษยศาสตร์
การสอนวรรณกรรม
วรรณกรรมเด็กของเท็ด ฮิวส์

description: วารสารศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์, 19, 1, 23-47
The Adams isomorphism revisited
Creators: name: Cnossen, Bastiaan
name: Lenz, Tobias
name: Linskens, Sil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55U35, 55P91 (Primary)

description: We establish abstract Adams isomorphisms in an arbitrary equivariantly presentable equivariantly semiadditive global category. This encompasses the well-known Adams isomorphism in equivariant stable homotopy theory, and applies more generally in the settings of $G$-Mackey functors, $G$-global homotopy theory, and equivariant Kasparov categories.
description: Corrected Proposition 4.13, otherwise minor revision following a referee report. 33 pages
ชุมชนนิยมใน 'เมืองน่าอยู่': อัตลักษณ์พะเยาในบทเพลง
Creators: name: มนตรา พงษ์นิล
Publisher: name: คณะศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2019
Subjects: เพลง
ชุมชนนิยม
อัตลักษณ์
การประกอบสร้าง
เมืองน่าอยู่

description: วารสารศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์, 19, 1, 48-78
Jacobian Regularization for Mitigating Universal Adversarial Perturbations
Creators: name: Co, Kenneth T.
name: Rego, David Martinez
name: Lupu, Emil C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Universal Adversarial Perturbations (UAPs) are input perturbations that can fool a neural network on large sets of data. They are a class of attacks that represents a significant threat as they facilitate realistic, practical, and low-cost attacks on neural networks. In this work, we derive upper bounds for the effectiveness of UAPs based on norms of data-dependent Jacobians. We empirically verify that Jacobian regularization greatly increases model robustness to UAPs by up to four times whilst maintaining clean performance. Our theoretical analysis also allows us to formulate a metric for the strength of shared adversarial perturbations between pairs of inputs. We apply this metric to benchmark datasets and show that it is highly correlated with the actual observed robustness. This suggests that realistic and practical universal attacks can be reliably mitigated without sacrificing clean accuracy, which shows promise for the robustness of machine learning systems.
description: In Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN 2021), related code available at: https://github.com/kenny-co/sgd-uap-torch
Phantom of the Opera: ETF Shorting and Shareholder Voting
Creators: name: Karakas, Oguzhan
name: Evans, Richard B
name: Moussawi, Rabih
name: Young, Michael
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Exchange-Traded Funds
Proxy Voting
Vote Premium
Short Interest
Operational Shorting
Authorized Participants

description: The short-selling of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) creates "phantom" ETF shares, trading at ETF market prices, with cash flows rights but no associated voting rights. Unlike regular ETF shares backed by the underlying securities of the ETF and voted as directed by the sponsor, phantom ETF shares are backed by collateral that is not voted. Introducing a novel measure of phantom shares both of the ETF and corresponding underlying securities, we find that increases in phantom shares are associated with decreases in number of proxy votes cast (for and against), and increases in broker non-votes, the vote premium, and value-reducing acquisitions.
Dark Energy in Global Brane Universe
Creators: name: Ping, Yongli
name: Xu, Lixin
name: Zhang, Chengwu
name: Liu, Hongya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the exact solutions of brane universes and the results indicate the Friedmann equations on the branes are modified with a new density term. Then, we assume the new term as the density of dark energy. Using Wetterich's parametrization equation of state (EOS) of dark energy, we obtain the new term varies with the red-shift z. Finally, the evolutions of the mass density parameter $Ω_2$, dark energy density parameter $Ω_x$ and deceleration parameter q_2 are studied.
description: 8 pages,4 figures
The expansion of the GRB 221009A afterglow
Creators: name: Giarratana, S.
name: Salafia, O. S.
name: Giroletti, M.
name: Ghirlanda, G.
name: Rhodes, L.
name: Atri, P.
name: Marcote, B.
name: Yang, J.
name: An, T.
name: Anderson, G.
name: Bright, J. S.
name: Farah, W.
name: Fender, R.
name: Leung, J. K.
name: Motta, S. E.
name: Pérez-Torres, M.
name: van der Horst, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observed $γ$-ray burst (GRB) 221009A using very long baseline interferomety (VLBI) with the European VLBI Network (EVN) and the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), over a period spanning from 40 to 262 days after the initial GRB. The high angular resolution (mas) of our observations allowed us, for the second time ever, after GRB 030329, to measure the projected size, $s$, of the relativistic shock caused by the expansion of the GRB ejecta into the surrounding medium. Our observations support the expansion of the shock with a $>4σ$-equivalent significance, and confirm its relativistic nature by revealing an apparently superluminal expansion rate. Fitting a power law expansion model, $s\propto t^a$, to the observed size evolution, we find a slope $a=0.69^{+0.13}_{-0.14}$. Fitting the data at each frequency separately, we find different expansion rates, pointing to a frequency-dependent behaviour. We show that the observed size evolution can be reconciled with a reverse shock plus forward shock, provided that the two shocks dominate the emission at different frequencies and, possibly, at different times.
description: Accepted version for publication
Spin-String Interaction in QCD Strings
Creators: name: Vyas, Vikram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I consider the question of the interaction between a QCD string and the spin of a quark or an antiquark on whose worldline the string terminates. The problem is analysed from the point of view of a string representation for the expectation value of a Wilson loop for a spin-half particle. A string representation of the super Wilson loop is obtained starting from an effective string representation of a Wilson Loop. The action obtained in this manner is invariant under a worldline supersymmetry and has a boundary term which contains the spin-string interaction. For rectangular loops the spin-string interaction vanishes and there is no spin-spin term in the resulting heavy quark potential. On the other hand if an allowance is made for the finite intrinsic thickness of the flux-tube, by assuming that the spin-string interaction takes place not just at the boundary of the string world-sheet but extends to a distance of the order of the intrinsic thickness of the flux tube, then we do obtain a spin-spin interaction which falls as the fifth power of the distance. Such a term was previously suggested by Kogut and Parisi in the context of a flux-tube model of confinement.
description: 19 pages, 1 figure; Published version with added discussion and references in section 5
An Atlas of Gas Motions in the TNG-Cluster Simulation: from Cluster Cores to the Outskirts
Creators: name: Ayromlou, Mohammadreza
name: Nelson, Dylan
name: Pillepich, Annalisa
name: Rohr, Eric
name: Truong, Nhut
name: Li, Yuan
name: Simionescu, Aurora
name: Lehle, Katrin
name: Lee, Wonki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy clusters are unique laboratories for studying astrophysical processes and their impact on gas kinematics. Despite their importance, the full complexity of gas motion within and around clusters remains poorly known. This paper is part of a series presenting first results from the new TNG-Cluster simulation, a suite of 352 massive clusters including the full cosmological context, mergers, accretion, baryonic processes, feedback, and magnetic fields. Studying the dynamics and coherence of gas flows, we find that gas motions in cluster cores and intermediate regions are largely balanced between inflows and outflows, exhibiting a Gaussian distribution centered at zero velocity. In the outskirts, even the net velocity distribution becomes asymmetric, featuring a double peak where the second peak reflects cosmic accretion. Across all cluster regions, the resulting net flow distribution reveals complex gas dynamics. These are strongly correlated with halo properties: at a given total cluster mass, unrelaxed, late-forming halos with less massive black holes and lower accretion rates exhibit a more dynamic behavior. Our analysis shows no clear relationship between line-of-sight and radial gas velocities, suggesting that line-of-sight velocity alone is insufficient to distinguish between inflowing and outflowing gas. Additional properties, such as temperature, can help break this degeneracy. A velocity structure function (VSF) analysis indicates more coherent gas motion in the outskirts and more disturbed kinematics towards halo centers. In all cluster regions, the VSF shows a slope close to the theoretical models of Kolmogorov (1/3), except within 50 kpc of the cluster cores, where the slope is significantly steeper. The outcome of TNG-Cluster broadly aligns with observations of the VSF of multiphase gas across different scales in galaxy clusters, ranging from 1 kpc to Megaparsec scales.
description: Submitted to A&A. See the TNG-Cluster website at https://www.tng-project.org/cluster/
Characteristics underlying vivid autobiographical memories
Creators: name: Enright, Corinne S.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The following thesis reviews literature relevant to vivid autobiographical memories. In particular, attention is paid the theoretical debate over whether a special memory mechanism is required to explain the existence of vivid memories (VMs). The three experiments presented in this thesis addressed four main questions. First, are some life-events are more likely to be vividly recalled than others? Second, can the "Now Print" special memory mechanism theory proposed by Brown and Kulik (1977) explain the existence of VMs? Third, can ordinary memory theories explain the existence of VMs? Fourth what aspects of distinctiveness allow the memory system to differentiate between recall of events in a vivid versus non-vivid manner? The first question was explored by categorizing reported memories into thematic clusters and comparing the percentage of VMs falling into each category with a control group of readily available memories in Experiment 1, and to a control group of non-VMs in Experiment 2. Both experiments found that the percentage of VMs reported for injurious and life-threatening events was significantly higher in the VM groups than in either control group. The second question was addressed by examining the relationships between vividness and the two primary factors (consequentiality and affective arousal) that Brown and Kulik proposed as triggers for the special mechanism. Although both of these factors were significantly correlated with vividness, the nature of the relationship between these factors and vividness was not found to be of the discontinuous and necessary nature required by the "Now Print" model. Further, the relationship between consequentially and vividness was found in Experiment 2 to be explainable in terms of rehearsal. In order to address the third question, subjects were asked, in both Experiments 2 and 3, to rate their memories on scales which indexed factors generally thought to underlie superior memory performance (rehearsal and arousal). Each of these factors were found to be significantly correlated with vividness, however, they could not explain a great deal of the variance in vividness ratings. The fourth issue addressed in this thesis, is whether distinctiveness of certain aspects of the event serve to differentiate between well-remembered non-VMs and well-remembered VMs. Distinctiveness of affective and cognitive aspects of the event were found to be significantly associated with vividness of recall, whereas, other measures of distinctiveness were not. Also discussed in this thesis are the relationship between event pleasantness and vivid recall, sex differences and content effects.
The dominant scattering channel induced by two-body collision of D-band atoms in triangular optical lattice
Creators: name: Guo, Xinxin
name: Yu, Zhongcheng
name: Peng, Peng
name: Yin, Guoling
name: Jin, Shengjie
name: Chen, Xuzong
name: Zhou, Xiaoji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanism of atomic collisions in excited bands plays an important role in the study of the orbital physics in optical lattices and simulation of condensed matter physics. Atoms distributing in one excited bands of an optical lattice would collide and decay to other bands through different scattering channels. In excited bands of one dimensional lattice, due to lack of geometry, there is no significant difference between cross section of scattering channels. Here, we investigate the collisional scattering channels for atoms in the excited bands of a triangular optical lattice and demonstrate a dominant scattering channel in the experiment. A shortcut method is utilized to load Bose-Einstein condensates of $^{87} {\rm Rb}$ atoms into the first D band with zero quasi-momentum. After some time for evolution, the number of atoms scattering to S band due to two-body collisions is around four times more than that to the second most band. We reveal that the scattering channel to $ss$ band is dominant by theoretical calculation, which agrees with experimental measurements. The appearance of dominant scattering channels in triangular optical lattice is owing to geometric dimension coupling. This work is helpful for the study of many-body systems and directional enhancement in optical lattices.
Observation of quantum entanglement in top-quark pairs using the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement is a key feature of quantum mechanics, with applications in fields such as metrology, cryptography, quantum information, and quantum computation. It has been observed in a wide variety of systems and length scales, ranging from the microscopic to the macroscopic. However, entanglement remains largely unexplored at the highest accessible energy scales. Here we report the highest-energy observation of entanglement, in top$-$antitop quark events produced at the Large Hadron Collider, using a proton$-$proton collision dataset with a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb$^{-1}$ recorded with the ATLAS experiment. Spin entanglement is detected from the measurement of a single observable $D$, inferred from the angle between the charged leptons in their parent top- and antitop-quark rest frames. The observable is measured in a narrow interval around the top$-$antitop quark production threshold, where the entanglement detection is expected to be significant. It is reported in a fiducial phase space defined with stable particles to minimize the uncertainties that stem from limitations of the Monte Carlo event generators and the parton shower model in modeling top-quark pair production. The entanglement marker is measured to be $D=-0.537 \pm 0.002~\text{(stat.)} \pm 0.019~\text{(syst.)}$ for $340 < m_{t\bar{t}} < 380$ GeV. The observed result is more than five standard deviations from a scenario without entanglement and constitutes the first observation of entanglement in a pair of quarks and the highest-energy observation of entanglement so far.
description: 49 pages in total, author list starting page 32, 4 figures, 2 tables, published as Nature 633 (2024) 542. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2021-24
An entropy current and the second law in higher derivative theories of gravity
Creators: name: Bhattacharyya, Sayantani
name: Dhivakar, Prateksh
name: Dinda, Anirban
name: Kundu, Nilay
name: Patra, Milan
name: Roy, Shuvayu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a proof of the second law of thermodynamics in an arbitrary diffeomorphism invariant theory of gravity working within the approximation of linearized dynamical fluctuations around stationary black holes. We achieve this by establishing the existence of an entropy current defined on the horizon of the dynamically perturbed black hole in such theories. By construction, this entropy current has non-negative divergence, suggestive of a mechanism for the dynamical black hole to approach a final equilibrium configuration via entropy production as well as the spatial flow of it on the null horizon. This enables us to argue for the second law in its strongest possible form, which has a manifest locality at each space-time point. We explicitly check that the form of the entropy current that we construct in this paper exactly matches with previously reported expressions computed considering specific four derivative theories of higher curvature gravity. Using the same set up we also provide an alternative proof of the physical process version of the first law applicable to arbitrary higher derivative theories of gravity.
description: 54+1 pages, Typos corrected in version 2
Testing the External Shock Model of Gamma-Ray Bursts using the Late-Time Simultaneous Optical and X-ray Afterglows
Creators: name: Urata, Yuji
name: Yamazaki, Ryo
name: Sakamoto, Takanori
name: Huang, Kuiyun
name: Zheng, Weikang
name: Sato, Goro
name: Aoki, Tsutomu
name: Deng, Jinsong
name: Ioka, Kunihito
name: Ip, WingHuen
name: Kawabata, Koji S.
name: Lee, YiHsi
name: Liping, Xin
name: Mito, Hiroyuki
name: Miyata, Takashi
name: Nakada, Yoshikazu
name: Ohsugi, Takashi
name: Qiu, Yulei
name: Soyano, Takao
name: Tarusawa, Kenichi
name: Tashiro, Makoto
name: Uemura, Makoto
name: Wei, Jianyan
name: Yamashita, Takuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ``normal'' decay phase of the X-ray afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), which follows the shallow decay phase, using the events simultaneously observed in the R-band. The classical external shock model -- in which neither the delayed energy injection nor time-dependency of shock micro-physics is considered -- shows that the decay indices of the X-ray and R-band light curves, $α_{\rm X}$ and $α_{\rm O}$, obey a certain relation, and that in particular, $α_{\rm O}-α_{\rm X}$ should be larger than -1/4 unless the ambient density increases with the distance from the central engine. For our selected 14 samples, we have found that 4 events violate the limit at more than the 3$σ$ level, so that a fraction of events are outliers of the classical external shock model at the ``normal'' decay phase.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL. 12 page, 2 figures, 2 tables
Accurate estimates of dynamical statistics using memory
Creators: name: Lorpaiboon, Chatipat
name: Guo, Spencer C.
name: Strahan, John
name: Weare, Jonathan
name: Dinner, Aaron R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many chemical reactions and molecular processes occur on timescales that are significantly longer than those accessible by direct simulation. One successful approach to estimating dynamical statistics for such processes is to use many short time series observations of the system to construct a Markov state model (MSM), which approximates the dynamics of the system as memoryless transitions between a set of discrete states. The dynamical Galerkin approximation (DGA) generalizes MSMs for the problem of calculating dynamical statistics, such as committors and mean first passage times, by replacing the set of discrete states with a projection onto a basis. Because the projected dynamics are generally not memoryless, the Markov approximation can result in significant systematic error. Inspired by quasi-Markov state models, which employ the generalized master equation to encode memory resulting from the projection, we reformulate DGA to account for memory and analyze its performance on two systems: a two-dimensional triple well and helix-to-helix transitions of the AIB$_9$ peptide. We demonstrate that our method is robust to the choice of basis and can decrease the time series length required to obtain accurate kinetics by an order of magnitude.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures
Higher Chern-Simons gauge theory
Creators: name: Soncini, Emanuele <1987>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2015
Subjects: FIS/02 Fisica teorica, modelli e metodi matematici

description: Higher gauge theory arises naturally in superstring theory, but many of its features remain obscure. In this thesis, after an exposition of the bacis tools in local higher gauge theory, a higher gauge Chern-Simons model is defined. We discuss the classical equations of motion as well as the behaviour of the gauge anomaly. We perform canonical quantization and we introduce two possible quantization schemes for the model. We also expound higher parallel transport in higher gauge theory, and we speculate that it can provide Wilson surfaces as topological observables for the higher gauge Chern-Simons theory.
Computation of Atomic Fibers of Z-Linear Maps
Creators: name: Eisenschmidt, Elke
name: Hemmecke, Raymond
name: Köppe, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13P99, 68Q40, 52B20

description: For given matrix $A\in\Z^{d\times n}$, the set $P_{b}=\{z:Az=b,z\in\Z^n_+\}$ describes the preimage or fiber of $b\in\Z^d$ under the $\Z$-linear map $f_A:\Z^n_+\to\Z^d$, $x\mapsto Ax$. The fiber $P_{b}$ is called atomic, if $P_{b}=P_{b_1}+P_{b_2}$ implies $b=b_1$ or $b=b_2$. In this paper we present a novel algorithm to compute such atomic fibers. An algorithmic solution to appearing subproblems, computational examples and applications are included as well.
description: 27 pages