cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Morse theory study on the evolution of nodal lines in $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric nodal-line semimetals
Creators: name: Takeichi, Manabu
name: Furuta, Ryo
name: Murakami, Shuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A nodal-line semimetal is a topological gapless phase containing one-dimensional degeneracies called nodal lines. The nodal lines are deformed by a continuous change of the system such as pressure and they can even change their topology, but it is not systematically understood what kind of changes of topology of nodal lines are possible. In this paper, we classify the events of topology change of nodal lines by the Morse theory and reveal that only three types of topology changes of nodal lines, i.e., creation, reconnection, and annihilation, are possible in the spinless nodal-line semimetal protected by inversion and time-reversal symmetries. They are characterized by an index having the values 0, 1, and 2 for the above three types in the Morse theory. Moreover, we extend our theory to systems with rotational symmetries and mirror symmetry and disclose the possible events of topology change of nodal lines under each symmetry.
description: 18 pages, 18 figures
title: Liedtextanalyse im Geschichtsunterricht
Creators: name: Prettenthaler, Stephanie
Year: 2022

description: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit besteht aus einer fachwissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Vietnamkrieg, einer Liedtextanalyse von vier Liedern zum Thema des Krieges, einer fachdidaktischen Analyse, sowie einer schulpraktischen Umsetzung. Die Methode, anhand dessen diese Liedtexte analysiert wurden, ist die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring. Die durchgeführte Analyse zeigt, dass diese Lieder signifikante Fakten über den Vietnamkrieg aufweisen, welche mit Hilfe der inhaltlichen Strukturierung (Untergruppe der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring) extrahiert werden konnten. Der fachwissenschaftliche Kontext wird mit einer fachdidaktischen Quellenanalyse verknüpft. Das Ergebnis führt zu einer schul-praktischen Umsetzung. Die Lehrplananalyse zeigt, dass das Thema Vietnamkrieg in der siebten und achten Klasse der AHS zu verorten ist. Anhand dessen werden insgesamt sieben Unterrichtseinheiten konzipiert. Diese Unterrichtseinheiten beinhalten die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse als mögliche Methode für den Geschichtsunterricht, aber auch andere Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten in Bezug auf den Vietnamkrieg.
description: This master's thesis consists of a scientific examination of the Vietnam War, an analysis of the lyrics of four songs on the subject of the war, a didactic analysis and a practical imple-mentation in schools. The method used to analyze these lyrics is Mayring's qualitative content analysis. The analysis carried out shows that these songs contain significant facts about the Vietnam War, which could be extracted with the help of the content structuring (subgroup of the qualitative content analysis according to Mayring). The scientific context is linked to a didactic analysis. The result leads to a practical implementation in schools. The curriculum analysis shows that the topic of the Vietnam War is to be found in the seventh and eighth grades of the AHS, secondary school. Based on this, a total of seven lessons are designed. These lessons include qualitative content analysis as a possible method for history teaching, but also other implementation options related to the Vietnam War.
Globalisierung - in soziologischer Perspektive
Creators: name: Trinczek, Rainer
Publisher: name: JSSE - Journal of Social Science Education
Year: 2002

description: Globalisierung ist ohne Zweifel eines der zentralen 'catch words' in den sozialwissenschaftlichen Debatten der 1990er Jahre gewesen. In diesem Beitrag wird versucht, relevante Aspekte des einschlägigen soziologischen Diskurses zu skizzieren. Dabei werden fünf Punkte bearbeitet: Zunächst wird eine knappe Begriffsbestimmung von Globalisierung vorgenommen, um dann kurz auf die Geschichte der soziologischen Globalisierungsdebatte einzugehen. In einem dritten Punkt wird ein stichpunktartiger Überblick über die wichtigsten Themenfelder gegeben, die aktuell in der Soziologie unter dem Stichwort "Globalisierung" bearbeitet werden. Anschließend werden am Beispiel der "Globalisierung der Wirtschaft" mit der "objektivistischen" und der "konstruktivistischen" die beiden wesentlichen soziologischen Perspektiven auf die aktuellen Globalisierungsphänomene beschrieben. Schließlich wird abschließend darüber reflektiert, was Globalisierung für die Disziplin Soziologie bedeutet, die bekanntlich traditionell eher nationalstaatlich orientiert ist.
description: JSSE - Journal of Social Science Education, 1-2002: Globalisation
Search for a standard model-like Higgs boson in the mu+ mu- and e+ e- decay channels at the LHC
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search is presented for a standard model-like Higgs boson decaying to muon pair or electron pair final states based on proton-proton collisions recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of 5.0 inverse femtobarns at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and 19.7 inverse femtobarns at 8 TeV for the muon search, and of 19.7 inverse femtobarns at 8 TeV for the electron search. Upper limits on the production cross section times branching fraction at the 95% confidence level are reported for Higgs boson masses in the range from 120 to 150 GeV. For a Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV decaying to muons, the observed (expected) upper limit on the production rate is found to be 7.4 (6.5 +2.8 -1.9) times the standard model value. This corresponds to an upper limit on the branching fraction of 0.0016. Similarly, for electrons, an upper limit of 0.0019 is placed on the branching fraction, which is about 3.7 E5 times the standard model value. These results, together with recent evidence of the 125 GeV boson coupling to tau-leptons with a larger branching fraction consistent with the standard model, confirm that the leptonic couplings of the new boson are not flavour-universal.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
title: Über die "Abschaffung des Menschen" reden?
Creators: name: Avsar, Basak
Year: 2022

description: Das Thema dieser Arbeit ist die Frage, wie die Herausforderung der Ersetzung des Menschen durch Technik im Philosophieunterricht thematisiert werden können. Es zeigt eine philosophiedidaktische Auseinandersetzung des Menschen mit der Technik auf, indem moderne anthropologische Konzepte und die Überlegungen zum Menschen als Mängelwesen, mit den Technologien der heutigen Zeit in Verbindung gebracht werden, um diese im Philosophieunterricht zu thematisieren. Hierzu werden neben Arnold Gehlens Theorie des Mängelwesens auch die Theorie Ernst Kapps zur Organprojektion und Günther Anders Theorie der prometheischen Scham vorgestellt und mit modernen technologischen Konzepten wie der künstlichen Intelligenz, Enhancement und Robotik in Verbindung gebracht. Die Mensch-Technik Konstellation wird in vier lehrplankonforme Unterrichtseinheiten im Fach Philosophie ausgearbeitet, welche sich mit den anthropologischen Konzepten der oben genannten Philosophen kombinieren. Schließlich zeigt sich, dass die Frage nach der Herausforderung der Ersetzung des Menschen durch Technik mittels methodenreicher Unterrichtsplanung im Philosophieunterricht sehr wohl thematisiert werden kann und aufgrund des zunehmenden Fortschritts in diesem Bereich Teil des Unterrichts sein muss und für die Schülerinnen und Schüler relevant ist.
description: The topic of this thesis is the question how the challenge of the replacement of man by technology can be addressed in philosophy classes. It shows a philosophical- didactical examination of man with technology, by bringing modern anthropological concepts and the thoughts about man as a deficient being in connection with the technologies of today, in order to thematize them in philosophy classes. In addition to Arnold Gehlen's theory of the deficient being, Ernst Kapp's theory of organ projection and Günther Anders' theory of Promethean shame will be presented and connected with modern technological concepts such as artificial intelligence, enhancement and robotics. The human-technology constellation is elaborated in four curricular lessons in philosophy, which combine with the anthropo-logical concepts of the above-mentioned philosophers. Finally, it is shown that the question of the challenge of the replacement of man by technology can very well be addressed in philosophy lessons by means of methodical lesson planning and must be part of the lessons due to the increasing progress in this area, which is important for students.
Exploring Wrong Sign Scenarios in the Yukawa-Aligned 2HDM
Creators: name: Kanemura, Shinya
name: Mondal, Tanmoy
name: Yagyu, Kei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss scenarios with wrong-sign (WS) Yukawa couplings for the discovered Higgs boson in the Yukawa-aligned two Higgs doublet model. In the WS scenario, Yukawa couplings for down-type quarks and/or charged leptons have an opposite sign as compared to those of the Higgs boson in the standard model, which can be consistent with current flavour data and the Higgs signal strengths. The phenomenology of additional Higgs bosons in such a scenario can be significantly different from that with right-sign Yukawa couplings, mainly due to a larger Higgs boson mixing to be required in the wrong-sign case. We show the parameter space which is excluded or explored by direct searches for the additional Higgs bosons at the current and high-luminosity LHC under the constraints from perturbative unitarity and vacuum stability. In particular, we find that most of the parameter space is explored in the WS scenario with the Type-X (lepton specific) Yukawa interaction which is a special case of the Yukawa alignment realized by imposing a softly-broken $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry. We propose that multi-Higgs events from pair productions of the additional Higgs bosons can be the smoking gun signature to probe the WS scenario, and give the expected number of events at the high-luminosity LHC.
description: v2: Published in JHEP
Politische Bildung in Österreich
Creators: name: Filzmaier, Peter
Publisher: name: JSSE - Journal of Social Science Education
Year: 2002

description: Ausgehend von allgemeinen Grundlagen und Zielsetzungen der politischen Bildungsarbeit analysiert der Artikel historische Entwicklung, aktuelle Themenschwerpunkte und Leitbilder der Politischen Bildung in Österreich. Er behandelt sowohl die politische Kultur als auch politische Besonderheiten der Institutionen- und Parteienstruktur. Die konkrete Organisation der politischen Bildung ist nach den Bereichen Schule bzw. Lehreraus- und -fortbildung sowie Erwachsenenbildung getrennt zu betrachten. Das Curriculum eines Master of Advanced Studies (Civic Education)-Programms wird als Fallbeispiel hinsichtlich zentraler Inhalte, didaktischer Ansätze und methodischer Fragen untersucht. Abschließend werden Zukunftsperspektiven zur Diskussion gestellt.
description: JSSE - Journal of Social Science Education, 1-2002: Globalisation
Near infrared spectroscopy of the type IIn SN 2010jl: evidence for high velocity ejecta
Creators: name: Borish, H. Jacob
name: Huang, Chenliang
name: Chevalier, Roger A.
name: Breslauer, Benjamin M.
name: Kingery, Aaron M.
name: Privon, George C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Type IIn supernova SN 2010jl was relatively nearby and luminous, allowing detailed studies of the near-infrared (NIR) emission. We present 1 - 2.4 micron spectroscopy over the age range of 36 - 565 days from the earliest detection of the supernova. On day 36, the H lines show an unresolved narrow emission component along with a symmetric broad component that can be modeled as the result of electron scattering by a thermal distribution of electrons. Over the next hundreds of days, the broad components of the H lines shift to the blue by 700 km/s, as is also observed in optical lines. The narrow lines do not show a shift, indicating they originate in a different region. He I 1.0830 and 2.0587 micron lines both show an asymmetric broad emission component, with a shoulder on the blue side that varies in prominence and velocity from -5500 km/s on day 108 to -4000 km/s on day 219. This component may be associated with the higher velocity flow indicated by X-ray observations of the supernova. The absence of the feature in the H lines suggests that this is from a He rich ejecta flow. The He I 1.0830 micron feature has a narrow P Cygni line, with absorption extending to ~100 km/s and strengthening over the first 200 days, and an emission component which weakens with time. At day 403, the continuum emission becomes dominated by a blackbody spectrum with a temperature of ~1900 K, suggestive of dust emission.
description: 17 pages, 18 figures
Umstrittene Globalisierung. Staat und Welt als Bezugssysteme des Handelns im Prozess der Globalisierung
Creators: name: Zündorf, Lutz
Publisher: name: JSSE - Journal of Social Science Education
Year: 2002

description: In diesem Beitrag wird Globalisierung als Prozess der Umstellung von Bezugssystemen des Denkens und Handelns von "Staat" auf "Welt" konzipiert. Von der klassischen Definition des Nationalstaates ausgehend, werden zuerst drei staatszentrierte Bezugssysteme (Rechtsstaat, Sozialstaat, Territorialstaat) skizziert. Im zweiten Schritt werden globale Bezugssysteme (Welt als einheitlicher Markt, als Gefüge von Herrschaftsgebilden, als Konglomerat von Kulturen) umrissen. Die Argumentation läuft darauf hinaus, zu zeigen, dass es sich bei diesen Konzeptionen keineswegs um geschlossene und harmonische Gesellschafts- und Weltbilder handelt; vielmehr enthält jedes der sechs Bezugsysteme spezifische Spannungs- und Konfliktlinien, aus denen sich ihre jeweilige Dynamik speist. Im dritten Schritt werden Prozesse der Umstellung der Bezugssysteme in Richtung Globalität auf drei Ebenen analysiert: auf der Ebene umfassender historischer Prozesse, auf der Ebene staatlichen Handelns und auf der Ebene individueller Akteure.
description: JSSE - Journal of Social Science Education, 1-2002: Globalisation
From Standard Model of particle physics to room-temperature superconductivity
Creators: name: Volovik, G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological media are gapped or gapless fermionic systems, whose properties are protected by topology, and thus are robust to deformations of parameters of the system and generic. We discuss the class of gapless topological media, which contains the quantum vacuum of Standard Model in its symmetric phase, and condensed matter systems with zeroes in the energy spectrum, which form Fermi surfaces, Weyl and Dirac points, Dirac lines, Khodel-Shaginyan flat bands, etc. Some zeroes are topologically protected, being characterized by topological invariants, expressed in terms of Green's function. For stability of the others the ${\bf p}$-space topology must be accompanied by symmetry. Vacua with Weyl points serve as a source of effective relativistic quantum fields emerging at low energy: chiral fermions, effective gauge fields and tetrad gravity emerge together in the vicinity of a Weyl point. The accompanying effects, such as chiral anomaly, electroweak baryo-production and chiral vortical effect, are expressed via the symmetry protected ${\bf p}$-space invariants. The gapless topological media exhibit the bulk-surface and bulk-vortex correspondence: which in particular may lead to the flat band on the surface of the system or in the core of topological defects. The materials with flat band in bulk, on the surface or within the dislocations have singular density of states, which crucially influences the critical temperature of the superconducting transition in such media. While in all the known superconductors the transition temperature is exponentially suppressed as a function of the pairing interaction, in the flat band the transition temperature is proportional to the pairing interaction, and can be essentially higher. The ${\bf p}$-space topology may give us the general recipe for search or artificial fabrication of the room-temperature superconductors.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, accepted for proceedings of Nobel Symposium 156 "New forms of Matter - Topological Insulators and Superconductors"
Contribution Score: Crediting contributions among co-authors
Creators: name: Gunnan Siversten
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: We have reported the results from the first phase of a project aimed to introduce a tool named Contribution Score (CS) to the daily-life contexts where publications and citations at the level of individual researchers are listed and/or counted. Our results so far imply that Modified Fractional Counting (MFC) might be preferable to traditional fractional counting and full counting. In contexts where full counting is practiced, we intend to suggest CS as a supplement. Our results indicate that the number of publications as first author (and perhaps also corresponding author) should be presented in addition to CS. In our further work, we will face several challenges when developing and implementing CS as a useful and legitimate tool. A major task in the development phase is to solve possible questions and issues arising from the state of art in the scientific field of scientometrics. This is our reason for presenting results from the first phase at STI 2022.
Evolution of galaxy stellar masses and star formation rates in the EAGLE simulations
Creators: name: Furlong, M.
name: Bower, R. G.
name: Theuns, T.
name: Schaye, J.
name: Crain, R. A.
name: Schaller, M.
name: Vecchia, C. Dalla
name: Frenk, C. S.
name: McCarthy, I. G.
name: Helly, J.
name: Jenkins, A.
name: Rosas-Guevara, Y. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the evolution of galaxy masses and star formation rates in the Evolution and Assembly of Galaxies and their Environment (EAGLE) simulations. These comprise a suite of hydrodynamical simulations in a $Λ$CDM cosmogony with subgrid models for radiative cooling, star formation, stellar mass loss, and feedback from stars and accreting black holes. The subgrid feedback was calibrated to reproduce the observed present-day galaxy stellar mass function and galaxy sizes. Here we demonstrate that the simulations reproduce the observed growth of the stellar mass density to within 20 per cent. The simulation also tracks the observed evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function out to redshift z = 7, with differences comparable to the plausible uncertainties in the interpretation of the data. Just as with observed galaxies, the specific star formation rates of simulated galaxies are bimodal, with distinct star forming and passive sequences. The specific star formation rates of star forming galaxies are typically 0.2 to 0.4 dex lower than observed, but the evolution of the rates track the observations closely. The unprecedented level of agreement between simulation and data makes EAGLE a powerful resource to understand the physical processes that govern galaxy formation.
description: Accepted for publication by MNRAS; 18 pages, 7 figures; comments welcome;
Discovering Evolution Strategies via Meta-Black-Box Optimization
Creators: name: Lange, Robert Tjarko
name: Schaul, Tom
name: Chen, Yutian
name: Zahavy, Tom
name: Dallibard, Valentin
name: Lu, Chris
name: Singh, Satinder
name: Flennerhag, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Optimizing functions without access to gradients is the remit of black-box methods such as evolution strategies. While highly general, their learning dynamics are often times heuristic and inflexible - exactly the limitations that meta-learning can address. Hence, we propose to discover effective update rules for evolution strategies via meta-learning. Concretely, our approach employs a search strategy parametrized by a self-attention-based architecture, which guarantees the update rule is invariant to the ordering of the candidate solutions. We show that meta-evolving this system on a small set of representative low-dimensional analytic optimization problems is sufficient to discover new evolution strategies capable of generalizing to unseen optimization problems, population sizes and optimization horizons. Furthermore, the same learned evolution strategy can outperform established neuroevolution baselines on supervised and continuous control tasks. As additional contributions, we ablate the individual neural network components of our method; reverse engineer the learned strategy into an explicit heuristic form, which remains highly competitive; and show that it is possible to self-referentially train an evolution strategy from scratch, with the learned update rule used to drive the outer meta-learning loop.
description: 25 pages, 21 figures
title: Grenzen von Textverstehen im direkten Übersetzungsprozess lateinischer Texte im Anfangsunterricht
Creators: name: Kralovec, Sophia
Year: 2022

description: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Stellenwert von Textverstehen im Lateinunterricht und zeigt die bestehenden Grenzen von Textverständnis beim direkten Übersetzen lateinischer Texte auf. Der Fokus dafür wird auf den lateinischen Anfangsunterricht gelegt, der die goldene Basis für die allgemeine Lateinkarriere und den späteren Lektüreerfolg der Lernenden legt. Zu Beginn werden im theoretischen Teil dieser Arbeit die Rolle und Bedeutung von Textverstehen in der Sprachpsychologie, insbesondere in der Psycholinguistik, unabhängig von ihrer Ausgangssprache diskutiert. Im Weiteren werden die Ziele des österreichischen Lateinunterrichts vorgestellt. Darauf anschließend wird der Textverstehensprozess im Lateinunterricht analysiert und die darin auftretenden Probleme beschrieben. Folglich wird nach Methoden gesucht, die den Verständniskonflikten präventiv entgegenwirken. Es werden dafür Methoden, die zum Beispiel dem deutschen Literaturunterricht oder dem modernen Fremdsprachenunterricht entspringen, adaptiert und auf den lateinischen Anfangsunterricht umgelegt. Einen großen Meilenstein für diese Aufgaben schafft die österreichische standardisierte schriftliche Reifeprüfung, auf die ebenfalls eingegangen wird. Zudem wird anhand rezenter Forschungsliteratur aufgezeigt, welche besondere Bedeutung das Lernen der lateinischen Sprache auf ein allgemein besseres Textverständnis von muttersprachlichen Texten hat. Im praktischen Teil dieser Arbeit liegen auf den erworbenen Erkenntnissen aufbauend eine Aufgabensammlung, die Textverstehen ohne Übersetzung zum Ziel hat, und zwei konkrete Beispiele dafür vor. Den Abschluss dieser Arbeit bildet eine empirische Untersuchung, in der die drei bekanntesten lateinischen Spracherwerbsbücher des 4-jährigen Lateinunterrichts in Österreich anhand der zuvor beschriebenen methodischen und didaktischen Grundlagen mit Fokus auf Textverstehen analysiert und diskutiert werden.
Executive functioning and emotion recognition in youth with oppositional defiant disorder and/or conduct disorder
Creators: name: Deters, Renee Kleine
name: Naaijen, Jilly
name: Rosa, Mireia
name: Aggensteiner, Pascal M.
name: Banaschewski, Tobias
name: Saam, Melanie C.
name: Schulze, Ulrike M. E.
name: Sethi, Arjun
name: Craig, Michael C.
name: Sagar-Ouriaghli, Ilyas
name: Paramala Santosh
name: Castro-Fornieles, Josefina
name: Penzol, María J.
name: Arango, Celso
name: Werhahn, Julia E.
name: Brandeis, Daniel
name: Franke, Barbara
name: Glennon, Jeffrey
name: Buitelaar, Jan K.
name: Hoekstra, Pieter J.
name: Dietrich, Andrea
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objectives: Executive functioning and emotion recognition may be impaired in disruptive youth, yet findings in oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) are inconsistent. We examined these functions related to ODD and CD, accounting for comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and internalising symptoms. Methods: We compared executive functioning (visual working memory, visual attention, inhibitory control) and emotion recognition between youth (8–18 years old, 123 boys, 55 girls) with ODD (n = 44) or CD (with/without ODD, n = 48), and healthy controls (n = 86). We also related ODD, CD, and ADHD symptom counts and internalising symptomatology to all outcome measures, as well as executive functioning to emotion recognition. Results: Visual working memory and inhibitory control were impaired in the ODD and CD groups versus healthy controls. Anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness recognition were impaired in the CD group; only anger recognition was impaired in the ODD group. Deficits were not explained by comorbid ADHD or internalising symptoms. Visual working memory was associated with recognition of all basic emotions. Conclusions: Our findings challenge the view that neuropsychological impairments in youth with ODD/CD are driven by comorbid ADHD and suggest possible distinct neurocognitive mechanisms in CD versus ODD.
Wirtschaftliche und politische Bildung in österreichischen Schulen
Creators: name: Sitte, Christian
Publisher: name: JSSE - Journal of Social Science Education
Year: 2002

description: Sozialwissenschaftliche Inhalte abseits der klassischen staatsbürgerlichen Erziehung, wurden in Österreich erstmals in der pädagogischen Reformära der 1920er Jahre diskutiert und in Schulversuchen erprobt. Mit dem Schulorganisationsgesetz (SCHOG) 1962, das das Österreichische Schulwesen nach dem 2. Weltkrieg neu ordnete, wurden in den allgemeinbildenden Schulen (Gymnasien und Hauptschulen) wirtschaftliche und politisch bildende Lehrinhalte und Ziele in die Unterrichtsgegenstände (Fächer) "Geographie und Wirtschaftskunde" bzw. "Geschichte und Sozialkunde" integriert. Diese zunächst eher formalen, additiven Verbindungen wurden 1978 durch das "Unterrichtsprinzip Politische Bildung" ergänzt. Die Lehrplanreformen Mitte/Ende der achtziger Jahre sowie 2002 versuchten eine stärkere Integration. In den berufsbildenden Schulen bestehen eigene Unterrichtsgegenstände für die genannten Bereiche.
description: JSSE - Journal of Social Science Education, 1-2002: Globalisation
title: Das Haus als Normierungsinstanz
Creators: name: Prein, David
Year: 2022

description: Die frühneuzeitliche Stadtgeschichtsforschung hat lange Zeit den Kleinstädten wenig Beachtung geschenkt, obwohl sie nicht nur der verbreitetste Stadttyp, sondern auch zentrale Akteure der Herrschaftsintensivierung waren. Dieser Prozess reichte bis in die einzelnen Häuser der Stadt hinein und führte zu einer sich steigernden rechtlichen Vereinheitlichung bei gleichzeitigem Erhalt der sozialen Ungleichheit. Nachvollzogen wird dies in der Kommunikation zwischen dem Stadtrat und Richter der landesfürstlichen Kleinstadt St. Pölten und der in Wien ansässigen N.Ö. Regierung und Wahlkommission von 1650–1750. Hierzu wird ein systemtheoretischer Zugang verwendet, der auf Basis der „Allgemeinen Reihe“ des St. Pöltner Stadtarchives mithilfe einer Netzwerkdarstellung die Quellenbeispiele analysiert, um die beiden ungleichen Städte zu verbinden. Das Resultat ist, dass das Haus in verschiedensten Zusammenhängen von Steuerprivilegierung über Brandschutz bis hin zu Schulgründungen und Ordensansiedelungen präsent war, wobei neben der thematischen Vielfalt auch der Status der jeweilig involvierten Personen berücksichtigt werden musste. Die resultierenden fallspezifischen Ausverhandlungen zeigen, dass das Haus zwar als kleinste gesellschaftliche Ordnungseinheit und Normierungsinstanz galt, jedoch die Vorstellungen von der „Gute Ordnung“ und ihrer praktischen Umsetzung, sich gegensätzlich gegenüberstehen konnten. Die daraus entstehenden Handlungsspielräume wurden von St. Pölten aktiv genützt, um eigenständig Politik zu betreiben.
description: In recent years Early modern urban history research paid little attention to small towns, although they were not only the most widespread type of town, but also central actors in the intensification of rule. This process reached down into the individual houses of the city and led to an increasing legal standardization while maintaining social inequality. An example of this is the communication between the city council and judge of the small provincial town of St. Pölten and the Vienna-based “N.Ö. Regierung” and “Wahlkommission” from 1650-1750. To better understand that a system-theoretical approach was used, which analyzes the source examples based on the "Allgemeine Reihe" of the St. Pölten City Archives with the help of a network representation to connect the two disparate cities. As a result, the house was present in a wide variety of contexts ranging from tax privileges and fire protection to the founding of schools and the settlement of religious orders. In addition to the thematic diversity, the status of the respective persons involved also had to be considered. The resulting case-specific negotiations show that although the house was regarded as the smallest unit of social order and norming body, the ideas of the "Gute Ordnung" and their practical implementation could be opposed to each other. The resulting room for manoeuvre was actively used by St. Pölten to pursue independent policies.
Learning General Audio Representations with Large-Scale Training of Patchout Audio Transformers
Creators: name: Koutini, Khaled
name: Masoudian, Shahed
name: Schmid, Florian
name: Eghbal-zadeh, Hamid
name: Schlüter, Jan
name: Widmer, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The success of supervised deep learning methods is largely due to their ability to learn relevant features from raw data. Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) trained on large-scale datasets are capable of capturing a diverse set of features, and learning a representation that can generalize onto unseen tasks and datasets that are from the same domain. Hence, these models can be used as powerful feature extractors, in combination with shallower models as classifiers, for smaller tasks and datasets where the amount of training data is insufficient for learning an end-to-end model from scratch. During the past years, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have largely been the method of choice for audio processing. However, recently attention-based transformer models have demonstrated great potential in supervised settings, outperforming CNNs. In this work, we investigate the use of audio transformers trained on large-scale datasets to learn general-purpose representations. We study how the different setups in these audio transformers affect the quality of their embeddings. We experiment with the models' time resolution, extracted embedding level, and receptive fields in order to see how they affect performance on a variety of tasks and datasets, following the HEAR 2021 NeurIPS challenge evaluation setup. Our results show that representations extracted by audio transformers outperform CNN representations. Furthermore, we will show that transformers trained on Audioset can be extremely effective representation extractors for a wide range of downstream tasks.
description: will apear in HEAR: Holistic Evaluation of Audio Representations Proceedings of Machine Learning Research PMLR 166. Source code: https://github.com/kkoutini/passt_hear21
The mutual reinforcement of scientific and technological knowledge: a micro-level analysis
Creators: name: Szczygielski, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The advances in science and the progress in the development of technologies mutually inspire and reinforce each other, but the quantitative studies are mostly limited to the effects that scientific research exerts on technological progress, while the opposite direction is empirically under-researched. The reason for that is the asymmetric nature of citations: patents cite articles much more often than the other way round. In this paper we attempt to overcome this problem by linking publications to patents using machine-learning software that had been trained on patents’ abstracts.
Armstrong's Conjecture for $(k, mk + 1)$-Core Partitions
Creators: name: Aggarwal, Amol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A conjecture of Armstrong states that if $\gcd (a, b) = 1$, then the average size of an $(a, b)$-core partition is $(a - 1)(b - 1)(a + b + 1) / 24$. Recently, Stanley and Zanello used a recursive argument to verify this conjecture when $a = b - 1$. In this paper we use a variant of their method to establish Armstrong's conjecture in the more general setting where $a$ divides $b - 1$.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures
Sachanalyse Globalisierung
Creators: name: Jung, Eberhard
name: Juchler, Ingo
Publisher: name: JSSE - Journal of Social Science Education
Year: 2002

description: Der Terminus Globalisierung bildet einen schillernden Begriff im Spannungsverhältnis von Hoffnungen und Ängsten. Die Hoffnungen beziehen sich auf die Verbesserungen wirtschaftlicher, politischer und sozialer Zustände, die Ängste auf deren Verschlechterung. Die mit dem Begriff Globalisierung umschriebenen Strukturveränderungen und Modernisierungsprozesse stellen zwar kein grundsätzlich neues Phänomen dar. Doch haben die technischen Innovationen im Bereich der Informationstechnologien sowie politische Deregulierungsentscheidungen der Internationalisierung weltweit vernetzter wirtschaftlicher und finanztechnischer Aktivitäten eine neue Qualität verliehen. Zur Ausbildung (wirtschafts-)politischer Urteilsfähigkeit bei den Schülerinnen und Schülern ist vor diesem Hintergrund eine differenzierte unterrichtliche Auseinandersetzung mit den unterschiedlichen Facetten der Globalisierung vonnöten. Neben den dezidiert wirtschaftlichen Implikationen des Lerngegenstandes Globalisierung muss dabei auch dessen politische Dimension adäquat Berücksichtigung finden. Das Konzept der "global governance" zur Rückgewinnung politischer Steuerungsfähigkeit unter den Bedingungen der Globalisierung kann hier für globales Lernen richtungsweisend werden.
description: JSSE - Journal of Social Science Education, 1-2002: Globalisation
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and exposure to stress factors and cannabis use in recent-onset psychosis
Creators: name: Labad, Javier
name: Ortega, Laura
name: Cabezas, Ángel
name: Montalvo, Itziar
name: Arranz, Sara
name: Algora, Maria José
name: Solé, Montse
name: Martorell, Lourdes
name: Vilella, Elisabet
name: Sánchez-Gistau, Vanessa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objectives: Previous studies suggest that childhood trauma, stressful life events, and cannabis use are associated with psychosis. We aimed to explore whether these environmental factors have an effect on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis indices in recent-onset psychosis. Methods: We studied 56 recent-onset psychosis outpatients and 47 healthy controls. Childhood trauma was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Stressful life events were assessed with the Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment Scale. Cannabis use was assessed by semistructured interviews. Several HPA axis measures were analysed in saliva: cortisol awakening response (CAR), diurnal cortisol slope, and dexamethasone suppression test ratio (DSTR) after 0.25 mg of dexamethasone. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the contribution of environmental factors to each HPA axis measure while adjusting for covariates (diagnosis, age, gender, smoking, body mass index and treatments). Results: There were no significant differences in HPA axis measures between diagnostic groups. Cannabis use was associated with a more flattened diurnal cortisol slope (standardized β = 0.21, p = 0.038), independent of recent-onset psychosis diagnosis. No associations were found between environmental factors and other HPA axis measures (CAR, DSTR). Conclusions: Our study provides evidence for the effect of cannabis exposure in cortisol secretion patterns in both healthy controls and recent-onset psychosis patients.
Montel optics: Tailoring phase-space in neutron beam extraction
Creators: name: Weichselbaumer, Stefan
name: Brandl, Georg
name: Georgii, Robert
name: Stahn, Jochen
name: Panzner, Tobias
name: Böni, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In view of the trend towards smaller samples and experiments under extreme conditions it is important to deliver small and homogeneous neutron beams to the sample area. For this purpose, elliptic and/or Montel mirrors are ideally suited as the phase space of the neutrons can be defined far away from the sample. Therefore, only the useful neutrons will arrive at the sample position leading to a very low background. We demonstrate the ease of designing neutron transport systems using simple numeric tools, which are verified using Monte-Carlo simulations that allow to take into account effects of gravity and finite beam size. It is shown that a significant part of the brilliance can be transferred from the moderator to the sample. Our results may have a serious impact on the design of instruments at spallation sources such as the European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund, Sweden.
Principals or Agents? Developing Citizenship through Business, Economics and Financial Education
Creators: name: Davies, Peter
Publisher: name: JSSE - Journal of Social Science Education
Year: 2002

description: Nach einer Periode, während der sie in der englischen Bildungspolitik vernachlässigt wurde, erhält ökonomische Bildung z. Zt. mehr Aufmerksamkeit. Dieses Papier beschreibt neue Entwicklungen in Politik und Praxis in England und konzentriert sich auf die Ziele ökonomischer Bildung. Insbesondere überprüft es das Verhältnis zwischen diesen Zielen und dem Schwerpunkt, den das Curriculum zur politischen Bildung auf das Verstehen von unterschiedlichen Interessen und Perspektiven legt. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass die Festlegung von Prüfungsinhalten in England einige Hinweise für zukünftige Politik gibt, während die vergangene Praxis zusammenhanglos war. Es wird argumentiert, dass die Verwendung des Prinzipal-Agent-Modells einen klaren und nützlichen Rahmen dafür bilden könnte, mit dem Problem der vielfältigen Interessen und Perspektiven umzugehen die Lernenden darauf vorzubereiten, als Prinzipale und Agenten zu handeln.
description: JSSE - Journal of Social Science Education, 1-2002: Globalisation
Glueball spectroscopy in lattice QCD using gradient flow
Creators: name: Sakai, Keita
name: Sasaki, Shoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Removing ultraviolet noise from the gauge fields is necessary for glueball spectroscopy in lattice QCD. It is known that the Yang-Mills gradient flow method is an alternative approach instead of link smearing or link fuzzing in various aspects. In this work we study the application of the gradient flow technique to the construction of the extended glueball operators. We examine a simple application of the gradient flow method, which has some problems in glueball mass calculations at large flow time because of its nature of diffusion in space-time. To avoid this problem, the spatial links are evolved by the ``spatial gradient flow'', that is defined to restrict the diffusion to spatial directions only. We test the spatial gradient flow in calculations of glueball two-point functions and Wilson loops as a new smearing method, and then discuss its efficiency in comparison with the original gradient flow method and the conventional method. Furthermore, to demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed method, we determine the masses of the three lowest-lying glueball states, corresponding to the $0^{++}$, $2^{++}$ and $0^{-+}$ glueballs, in the continuum limit in the pure Yang-Mills theory.
description: 36 pages, 14 figures
Evaluating Behavioral Interventions for Privacy Decisions
Creators: name: Warberg, Logan
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Economics

description: Behavioral interventions have been developed to help users overcome structural and cognitive hurdles in privacy decisions by modifying them to add new information or change how a decision is presented. In the hands of practitioners and policy-makers, behavioral interventions are a tool which can be used to potentially reduce the complexity of privacy decisions for users, leading to better outcomes. This dissertation explores the application of different behavioral interventions to contexts currently unexplored in the literature and examines whether they can be made more effective. In addition, this dissertation contributes to policy discussions regarding behavioral interventions for privacy decisions by examining how data protection regulation has impacted the presence and strength of behavioral interventions on websites. In Chapter 2 of this dissertation, I present the results of three online experiments aimed at investigating whether nudges (a type of behavioral intervention) tailored to various psychometric scales can influence participants’ disclosure choices. Across each of these experiments, we do not find significant effects robustly linking any of the measured psychometric variables to differences in disclosure rates. In Chapter 3, I examine whether providing explanations (a different type of behavioral intervention) for recommendations about hypothetical privacy decisions impacts the rate at which participants adopt the recommendations. The results do not find strong evidence linking the tested explanations to hypothetical adoption intent. Across both chapters, I describe the study designs and contextualize the null results, drawing lessons about the robustness of behavioral interventions in the context of real user behaviors. In Chapter 4, I leverage longitudinal data from a large panel of websites to investigate the dynamics of privacy notice design over time in order to comment on the potential impacts of the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation on the presence and strength of behavioral interventions within privacy notices. The results identify geographic disparities in the prevalence of privacy notices in the US compared to the EU. I additionally identify a shift away from more coercive responses on US websites and a shift towards consent responses on EU websites. I discuss the implications of these results, limitations, and possible directions for future research. Finally, in Chapter 5, I conclude this dissertation by discussing considerations practitioners should take into account when considering behavioral interventions for privacy decisions and lessons for policy-makers regarding the use of behavioral interventions in public policy.
NICMOS Kernel-Phase Interferometry II: Demographics of Nearby Brown Dwarfs
Creators: name: Factor, Samuel M.
name: Kraus, Adam L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Star formation theories have struggled to reproduce binary brown dwarf population demographics (frequency, separation, mass-ratio). Kernel-phase interferometry is sensitive to companions at separations inaccessible to classical imaging, enabling tests of formation at new physical scales below the hydrogen burning limit. We analyze the detections and sensitivity limits from our previous kernel-phase analysis of archival HST/NICMOS surveys of field brown dwarfs. After estimating physical properties of the 105 late M to T dwarfs using Gaia distances and evolutionary models, we use a Bayesian framework to compare these results to a model companion population defined by log-normal separation and power-law mass-ratio distributions. When correcting for Malmquist bias, we find a companion fraction of $F=0.11^{+0.04}_{-0.03}$ and a separation distribution centered at $ρ=2.2^{+1.2}_{-1.0}$ au, smaller and tighter than seen in previous studies. We also find a mass-ratio power-law index which strongly favors equal-mass systems: $γ=4.0^{+1.7}_{-1.5}-11^{+4}_{-3}$ depending on the assumed age of the field population ($0.9-3.1$ Gyr). We attribute the change in values to our use of kernel-phase interferometry which enables us to resolve the peak of the semimajor axis distribution with significant sensitivity to low-mass companions. We confirm the previously-seen trends of decreasing binary fraction with decreasing mass and a strong preference for tight and equal-mass systems in the field-age sub-stellar regime; only $0.9^{+1.1}_{-0.6}$ % of systems are wider than 20 au and $<1.0^{+1.4}_{-0.6}$% of systems have a mass-ratio $q<0.6$. We attribute this to turbulent fragmentation setting the initial conditions followed by a brief period of dynamical evolution, removing the widest and lowest-mass companions, before the birth cluster dissolves.
description: Accepted for publication in AJ, 20 pages, 9 figures (including 5 figure sets available at https://zenodo.org/record/7370349 and data behind the figure available at https://zenodo.org/record/7065651), 5 tables
The Essence of Gravitation and the Power of Cosmic expansion
Creators: name: han, runguang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Astrophysics

description: Why all things attract each other, what is the essence of gravitation, why the universe constantly expands, what is the power of the expansion of the universe? These problems have been perplexing the scientific community. The explanation of gravity in general relativity is not perfect and the theory does not explain the physical meaning of the gravitational constant G. Scientists use dark energy to explain the expansion of the universe, but there is no clear answer to what dark energy is. Based on the scientific achievements of The Big Bang Theory, quark model and Parton model, this paper puts forward the theory of fluid gravity, deduces a new gravity formula, and reveals the essence of universal gravity and the driving force of cosmic expansion. The fluid gravity formula can be transformed into Newton's gravity formula. It is concluded that the gravity constant G is a slowly changing quantity, the gravity of celestial bodies is limited and may not form a real black hole, and the current total density of the universe is greater than the critical density. The theory predicts that gravity can be partially shielded.