First Very Long Baseline Interferometry Detections at 870μm
Creators: name: Raymond, Alexander W.
name: Doeleman, Sheperd S.
name: Asada, Keiichi
name: Blackburn, Lindy
name: Bower, Geoffrey C.
name: Bremer, Michael
name: Broguiere, Dominique
name: Chen, Ming-Tang
name: Crew, Geoffrey B.
name: Dornbusch, Sven
name: Fish, Vincent L.
name: García, Roberto
name: Gentaz, Olivier
name: Goddi, Ciriaco
name: Han, Chih-Chiang
name: Hecht, Michael H.
name: Huang, Yau-De
name: Janssen, Michael
name: Keating, Garrett K.
name: Koay, Jun Yi
name: Krichbaum, Thomas P.
name: Lo, Wen-Ping
name: Matsushita, Satoki
name: Matthews, Lynn D.
name: Moran, James M.
name: Norton, Timothy J.
name: Patel, Nimesh
name: Pesce, Dominic W.
name: Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh
name: Rottmann, Helge
name: Roy, Alan L.
name: Sánchez, Salvador
name: Tilanus, Remo P. J.
name: Titus, Michael
name: Torne, Pablo
name: Wagner, Jan
name: Weintroub, Jonathan
name: Wielgus, Maciek
name: Young, André
name: Akiyama, Kazunori
name: Albentosa-Ruíz, Ezequiel
name: Alberdi, Antxon
name: Alef, Walter
name: Algaba, Juan Carlos
name: Anantua, Richard
name: Azulay, Rebecca
name: Bach, Uwe
name: Baczko, Anne-Kathrin
name: Ball, David
name: Baloković, Mislav
name: Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha
name: Barrett, John
name: Bauböck, Michi
name: Benson, Bradford A.
name: Bintley, Dan
name: Blundell, Raymond
name: Bouman, Katherine L.
name: Boyce, Hope
name: Brissenden, Roger
name: Britzen, Silke
name: Broderick, Avery E.
name: Bronzwaer, Thomas
name: Bustamante, Sandra
name: Carlstrom, John E.
name: Chael, Andrew
name: Chan, Chi-kwan
name: Chang, Dominic O.
name: Chatterjee, Koushik
name: Chatterjee, Shami
name: Chen, Yongjun
name: Cheng, Xiaopeng
name: Cho, Ilje
name: Christian, Pierre
name: Conroy, Nicholas S.
name: Conway, John E.
name: Crawford, Thomas M.
name: Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro
name: Cui, Yuzhu
name: Dahale, Rohan
name: Davelaar, Jordy
name: De Laurentis, Mariafelicia
name: Deane, Roger
name: Dempsey, Jessica
name: Desvignes, Gregory
name: Dexter, Jason
name: Dhruv, Vedant
name: Dihingia, Indu K.
name: Dzib, Sergio A.
name: Eatough, Ralph P.
name: Emami, Razieh
name: Falcke, Heino
name: Farah, Joseph
name: Fomalont, Edward
name: Fontana, Anne-Laure
name: Ford, H. Alyson
name: Foschi, Marianna
name: Fraga-Encinas, Raquel
name: Freeman, William T.
name: Friberg, Per
name: Fromm, Christian M.
name: Fuentes, Antonio
name: Galison, Peter
name: Gammie, Charles F.
name: Georgiev, Boris
name: Gold, Roman
name: Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I.
name: Gómez, José L.
name: Gu, Minfeng
name: Gurwell, Mark
name: Hada, Kazuhiro
name: Haggard, Daryl
name: Hesper, Ronald
name: Heumann, Dirk
name: Ho, Luis C.
name: Ho, Paul
name: Honma, Mareki
name: Huang, Chih-Wei L.
name: Huang, Lei
name: Hughes, David H.
name: Ikeda, Shiro
name: Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette
name: Inoue, Makoto
name: Issaoun, Sara
name: James, David J.
name: Jannuzi, Buell T.
name: Jeter, Britton
name: Jiang, Wu
name: Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra
name: Johnson, Michael D.
name: Jorstad, Svetlana
name: Jones, Adam C.
name: Joshi, Abhishek V.
name: Jung, Taehyun
name: Karuppusamy, Ramesh
name: Kawashima, Tomohisa
name: Kettenis, Mark
name: Kim, Dong-Jin
name: Kim, Jae-Young
name: Kim, Jongsoo
name: Kim, Junhan
name: Kino, Motoki
name: Kocherlakota, Prashant
name: Kofuji, Yutaro
name: Koch, Patrick M.
name: Koyama, Shoko
name: Kramer, Carsten
name: Kramer, Joana A.
name: Kramer, Michael
name: Kubo, Derek
name: Kuo, Cheng-Yu
name: La Bella, Noemi
name: Lee, Sang-Sung
name: Levis, Aviad
name: Li, Zhiyuan
name: Lico, Rocco
name: Lindahl, Greg
name: Lindqvist, Michael
name: Lisakov, Mikhail
name: Liu, Jun
name: Liu, Kuo
name: Liuzzo, Elisabetta
name: Lobanov, Andrei P.
name: Loinard, Laurent
name: Lonsdale, Colin J.
name: Lowitz, Amy E.
name: Lu, Ru-Sen
name: MacDonald, Nicholas R.
name: Mahieu, Sylvain
name: Maier, Doris
name: Mao, Jirong
name: Marchili, Nicola
name: Markoff, Sera
name: Marrone, Daniel P.
name: Marscher, Alan P.
name: Martí-Vidal, Iván
name: Medeiros, Lia
name: Menten, Karl M.
name: Mizuno, Izumi
name: Mizuno, Yosuke
name: Montgomery, Joshua
name: Moriyama, Kotaro
name: Moscibrodzka, Monika
name: Mulaudzi, Wanga
name: Müller, Cornelia
name: Müller, Hendrik
name: Mus, Alejandro
name: Musoke, Gibwa
name: Myserlis, Ioannis
name: Nagai, Hiroshi
name: Nagar, Neil M.
name: Nakamura, Masanori
name: Narayanan, Gopal
name: Natarajan, Iniyan
name: Nathanail, Antonios
name: Fuentes, Santiago Navarro
name: Neilsen, Joey
name: Ni, Chunchong
name: Nowak, Michael A.
name: Oh, Junghwan
name: Okino, Hiroki
name: Sánchez, Héctor Raúl Olivares
name: Oyama, Tomoaki
name: Özel, Feryal
name: Palumbo, Daniel C. M.
name: Paraschos, Georgios Filippos
name: Park, Jongho
name: Parsons, Harriet
name: Pen, Ue-Li
name: Piétu, Vincent
name: PopStefanija, Aleksandar
name: Porth, Oliver
name: Prather, Ben
name: Principe, Giacomo
name: Psaltis, Dimitrios
name: Pu, Hung-Yi
name: Raffin, Philippe A.
name: Rao, Ramprasad
name: Rawlings, Mark G.
name: Ricarte, Angelo
name: Ripperda, Bart
name: Roelofs, Freek
name: Romero-Cañizales, Cristina
name: Ros, Eduardo
name: Roshanineshat, Arash
name: Ruiz, Ignacio
name: Ruszczyk, Chet
name: Rygl, Kazi L. J.
name: Sánchez-Argüelles, David
name: Sánchez-Portal, Miguel
name: Sasada, Mahito
name: Satapathy, Kaushik
name: Savolainen, Tuomas
name: Schloerb, F. Peter
name: Schonfeld, Jonathan
name: Schuster, Karl-Friedrich
name: Shao, Lijing
name: Shen, Zhiqiang
name: Small, Des
name: Sohn, Bong Won
name: SooHoo, Jason
name: Salas, León David Sosapanta
name: Souccar, Kamal
name: Srinivasan, Ranjani
name: Stanway, Joshua S.
name: Sun, He
name: Tazaki, Fumie
name: Tetarenko, Alexandra J.
name: Tiede, Paul
name: Toma, Kenji
name: Toscano, Teresa
name: Traianou, Efthalia
name: Trent, Tyler
name: Trippe, Sascha
name: Turk, Matthew
name: van Bemmel, Ilse
name: van Langevelde, Huib Jan
name: van Rossum, Daniel R.
name: Vos, Jesse
name: Ward-Thompson, Derek
name: Wardle, John
name: Washington, Jasmin E.
name: Wharton, Robert
name: Wiik, Kaj
name: Witzel, Gunther
name: Wondrak, Michael F.
name: Wong, George N.
name: Wu, Qingwen
name: Yadlapalli, Nitika
name: Yamaguchi, Paul
name: Yfantis, Aristomenis
name: Yoon, Doosoo
name: Younsi, Ziri
name: Yu, Wei
name: Yuan, Feng
name: Yuan, Ye-Fei
name: Zensus, J. Anton
name: Zhang, Shuo
name: Zhao, Guang-Yao
name: Zhao, Shan-Shan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) detections at 870$μ$m wavelength (345$\,$GHz frequency) are reported, achieving the highest diffraction-limited angular resolution yet obtained from the surface of the Earth, and the highest-frequency example of the VLBI technique to date. These include strong detections for multiple sources observed on inter-continental baselines between telescopes in Chile, Hawaii, and Spain, obtained during observations in October 2018. The longest-baseline detections approach 11$\,$G$λ$ corresponding to an angular resolution, or fringe spacing, of 19$μ$as. The Allan deviation of the visibility phase at 870$μ$m is comparable to that at 1.3$\,$mm on the relevant integration time scales between 2 and 100$\,$s. The detections confirm that the sensitivity and signal chain stability of stations in the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) array are suitable for VLBI observations at 870$μ$m. Operation at this short wavelength, combined with anticipated enhancements of the EHT, will lead to a unique high angular resolution instrument for black hole studies, capable of resolving the event horizons of supermassive black holes in both space and time.
description: Corresponding author: S. Doeleman