cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multi-Emitter MAP-Elites: Improving quality, diversity and convergence speed with heterogeneous sets of emitters
Creators: name: Cully, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quality-Diversity (QD) optimisation is a new family of learning algorithms that aims at generating collections of diverse and high-performing solutions. Among those algorithms, the recently introduced Covariance Matrix Adaptation MAP-Elites (CMA-ME) algorithm proposes the concept of emitters, which uses a predefined heuristic to drive the algorithm's exploration. This algorithm was shown to outperform MAP-Elites, a popular QD algorithm that has demonstrated promising results in numerous applications. In this paper, we introduce Multi-Emitter MAP-Elites (ME-MAP-Elites), an algorithm that directly extends CMA-ME and improves its quality, diversity and data efficiency. It leverages the diversity of a heterogeneous set of emitters, in which each emitter type improves the optimisation process in different ways. A bandit algorithm dynamically finds the best selection of emitters depending on the current situation. We evaluate the performance of ME-MAP-Elites on six tasks, ranging from standard optimisation problems (in 100 dimensions) to complex locomotion tasks in robotics. Our comparisons against CMA-ME and MAP-Elites show that ME-MAP-Elites is faster at providing collections of solutions that are significantly more diverse and higher performing. Moreover, in cases where no fruitful synergy can be found between the different emitters, ME-MAP-Elites is equivalent to the best of the compared algorithms.
Quality Dispersion Among Organic Milk Channels
Creators: name: Dong, Fengxia
name: Hennessy, David A.
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Park, Timothy A.
name: Dong, Fengxia
name: Hennessy, David A.
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Park, Timothy A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: milk
subject: organic
subject: quality
subject: quantile

description: The most widely used measure of milk hygiene is Somatic Cell Count (SCC), where low SCC values indicate more wholesome milk. Dirt, often associated with grazing, carry bacteria and these bacteria can cause mastitis. Milk from cows with mastitis generally has higher SCC levels and cows with mastitis are most readily treated with antibiotics. Milk with high SCC is penalized by distributers as it is difficult to process and is not considered as wholesome in fluid markets. Grazing cows is common for many organic farmers. However, regulators prohibit antibiotic use under organic production. Intensive management protocols, maintaining equipment, and closely managing the herd’s environment offer substitutes for antibiotics use. Organic milk carries with it a substantial premium but may be at higher risk of discounts or penalties if the milk is more likely to have higher SCC levels. There are two forces at play concerning the quality of organic milk relative to conventional milk. For one, required and proscribed production practices create significant problems when managing milk quality. Secondly, a large premium exists to produce organic milk of high quality. This research seeks to better understand these and other determinants of SCC for conventional milk and for organic milk.
Epitaxy, exfoliation, and strain-induced magnetism in rippled Heusler membranes
Creators: name: Du, Dongxue
name: Manzo, Sebastian
name: Zhang, Chenyu
name: Saraswat, Vivek
name: Genser, Konrad T.
name: Rabe, Karin M.
name: Voyles, Paul M.
name: Arnold, Michael S.
name: Kawasaki, Jason K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-crystalline membranes of functional materials enable the tuning of properties via extreme strain states; however, conventional routes for producing membranes require the use of sacrificial layers and chemical etchants, which can both damage the membrane and limit the ability to make them ultrathin. Here we demonstrate the epitaxial growth of the cubic Heusler compound GdPtSb on graphene-terminated Al$_2$O$_3$ substrates. Despite the presence of the graphene interlayer, the Heusler films have epitaxial registry to the underlying sapphire, as revealed by x-ray diffraction, reflection high energy electron diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The weak Van der Waals interactions of graphene enable mechanical exfoliation to yield free-standing GdPtSb membranes, which form ripples when transferred to a flexible polymer handle. Whereas unstrained GdPtSb is antiferromagnetic, measurements on rippled membranes show a spontaneous magnetic moment at room temperature, with a saturation magnetization of 5.2 bohr magneton per Gd. First-principles calculations show that the coupling to homogeneous strain is too small to induce ferromagnetism, suggesting a dominant role for strain gradients. Our membranes provide a novel platform for tuning the magnetic properties of intermetallic compounds via strain (piezomagnetixm and magnetostriction) and strain gradients (flexomagnetism).
Cosmic Ray Acceleration during Large Scale Structure Formation
Creators: name: Blasi, Pasquale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Clusters of galaxies are storage rooms of cosmic rays. They confine the hadronic component of cosmic rays over cosmological time scales due to diffusion, and the electron component due to energy losses. Hadronic cosmic rays can be accelerated during the process of structure formation, because of the supersonic motion of gas in the potential wells created by dark matter. At the shock waves that result from this motion, charged particles can be energized through the first order Fermi process. After discussing the most important evidences for non-thermal phenomena in large scale structures, we describe in some detail the main issues related to the acceleration of particles at these shock waves, emphasizing the possible role of the dynamical backreaction of the accelerated particles on the plasmas involved.
description: 8 pages, 3 Figures, invited talk, to appear in proceedings of the 3rd Korean Astrophysics Workshop "Cosmic Rays and Magnetic Fields in Large Scale Structure", Pusan, Korea, August 2004, eds. H. Kang & D. Ryu, Journal of the Korean Astronomical Society
Hippodamia Chevrolat
Creators: name: POORANI, J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Coccinellidae
Hippodamia

description: Genus Hippodamia Chevrolat
Hippodamia Chevrolat in Dejean, 1836: 432.
Type species: Coccinella tredecimpunctata Linnaeus, 1758, designated by Crotch 1874: 94.
Hemisphaerica Hope, 1840: 157. Type species: Coccinella quinquesignata Kirby, 1837 (by monotypy). Synonymized by Belicek, 1976: 338.
Adonia Mulsant, 1846: 39. Type species: Coccinella mutabilis Scriba (1790) (= Adonia variegata (Goeze, 1777)) (by monotypy). Synonymized by Belicek, 1976: 338.
Parippodamia Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1979: 51, 65. Type species: Coccinella arctica Schneider, 1792 (by original designation) [as subgenus]. Synonymised by Kovář 2007: 616.
Diagnosis. Form elongate oval, oblong, moderately or weakly convex; coloration reddish / orange / yellowish with black spots and other markings. Anterior clypeal margin truncate between lateral projections. Antenna 11- segmented with a compact club, slightly shorter than the head width. Terminal maxillary palpomere strongly securiform. Prosternal intercoxal process narrow, feebly convex, without carinae. Prothoracic hypomeron without foveae. Anterior margin of mesoventrite straight and faintly elevated. Mid-and hind tibiae with a pair of apical spurs. Abdominal postcoxal line complete and shallowly semicircular when present or totally absent. Tarsal claws cleft near apical one-third.
Distribution. Hippodamia has about 35 species, mainly Holarctic in distribution (Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982; Gordon 1985).
Affinities. Tomaszewska et al. (2021) included it under the Hippodamia- group of genera along with Harmonia and Aphidecta.
Included species. Five species are known from the Indian region of which only H. variegata (Goeze) is widely distributed in northern and northwestern India and appears to be slowly expanding its range to the cooler parts of western and peninsular India. Recently Biranvand et al. (2021) summarised the taxonomic history of Hippodamia and reviewed the Palaearctic species and provided a key to species, three of which are found in the Indian region.
description: Published as part of POORANI, J., 2023, An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 5332 (1) on pages 149-150, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8261502
Welfare impacts of alternative biofuel and energy policies
Creators: name: Cui, Jingbo
name: Lapan, Harvey E.
name: Moschini, GianCarlo
name: Cooper, Joseph C.
name: Cui, Jingbo
name: Lapan, Harvey E.
name: Moschini, GianCarlo
name: Cooper, Joseph C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Biofuel
subject: Calibration
subject: Welfare
subject: Second Best Policies

description: We employ an open economy general equilibrium model to investigate the effects of government energy policy, with emphasis on corn-based ethanol, on the U.S. economy. The model specification incorporates world and domestic markets, assumes pollution costs from fuel consumption, and allows endogenous determination of equilibrium quantities and prices for oil, corn and ethanol. The model is calibrated to represent a recent benchmark data set for 2009 and is used to simulate the positive and normative effects of alternative policies. We find that a second best policy of a fuel tax and ethanol subsidy approximates fairly closely the welfare gains associated with the first best policy (optimal carbon tax and tariffs on traded goods).The largest economic gains to the U.S. economy from these energy policies arise from the impact of policies on the U.S.’s terms of trade, particularly in the oil market. We also find that, conditional on the current fuel tax, an optimal ethanol mandate is superior to an optimal ethanol subsidy. In the benchmark case the optimal mandate slightly exceeds 15 billion gallons of ethanol.
Decline and growth in great Canadian cities : an analysis of changing population distribution in the Greater Toronto region from 1991-2001
Creators: name: Tinney, Jonathan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The macro-growth of Canada's cities has been well documented in the media and in scholarly journals in recent years. What has not been discussed to the same degree however, is the pattern that emerges across individual regions when growth is mapped at a smaller scale. By looking at population and density changes at the micro-scale, this analysis looks to capture the distribution of population change that occurred within the borders of Canada's largest metropolitan region over the 1990s. Through the use of census tract-level data for the Toronto CMA collected by Statistics Canada during the years 1991 and 2001 this analysis looks to provide a detailed snapshot of the geography of population changes in the Greater Toronto Area during the 1990s, and document changes in the overall form of Toronto's urban structure. The findings of this report show that urban development has tended toward increasing levels of diffusion and decentralization. This poses a number of distinct challenges to regional planning in the region, most notably in terms of the implementation of the Ontario government's Places to Grow plan for the greater Golden Horseshoe Area.
Food Security in Afghanistan: Household-level Evidence from the 2007-08 Food Price Crisis
Creators: name: D'Souza, Anna
name: Jolliffe, Dean
name: D'Souza, Anna
name: Jolliffe, Dean
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: food security
subject: high food prices
subject: nutrition
subject: poverty
subject: Afghanistan

description: This paper investigates the impact of rising food prices – during the 2007/08 global food crisis – on food security in Afghanistan. Exploiting the temporal stratification of a unique nationally-representative household survey, we find evidence of large declines in real per capita food consumption and in food security (i.e., per capita calorie intake and household dietary diversity) corresponding to the price shocks. The data reveal smaller price elasticities with respect to calories than with respect to food consumption, suggesting that households trade off quality for quantity as they move towards staple foods and away from nutrient-rich foods such as meat and vegetables. In addition, we observe Giffen good properties, i.e., increased demand in the face of price increases, for staple foods (wheat) in urban areas. Our work improves upon country-level simulation studies by providing estimates of actual household wellbeing before and during the height of the global food crisis in one of the world’s poorest, most food-insecure countries.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 10/20/10.
description: Former title: Price Shocks, Food Security, and Coping Mechanisms: Household Evidence from Afghanistan
Weak B Decays into Orbitally Excited Charmed Mesons
Creators: name: Segovia, J.
name: Albertus, C.
name: Entem, D. R.
name: Fernández, F.
name: Hernández, E.
name: Pérez-García, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The BaBar Collaboration has recently reported branching fractions for semileptonic decays of the $B$ meson into final states with charged and neutral $D_{1}(2420)$ and $D_{2}^{\ast}(2460)$, two narrow orbitally excited charmed mesons. We evaluate these branching fractions within the framework of a constituent quark model in two steps, one which involves a semileptonic decay and the other one mediated by a strong process. Our results are in agreement with the experimental data.
description: Contribution to the proceedings of the XIV International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (HADRON 2011); 13-17 June 2011, Munich, Germany
Variational solution of the Yang-Mills Schrödinger equation in Coulomb gauge
Creators: name: Feuchter, C.
name: Reinhardt, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Yang-Mills Schrödinger equation is solved in Coulomb gauge for the vacuum by the variational principle using an ansatz for the wave functional, which is strongly peaked at the Gribov horizon. A coupled set of Schwinger-Dyson equations for the gluon and ghost propagators in the Yang-Mills vacuum as well as for the curvature of gauge orbit space is derived and solved in one-loop approximation. We find an infrared suppressed gluon propagator, an infrared singular ghost propagator and a almost linearly rising confinement potential.
description: 24 pages, revtex, 13 figures
Nearly outer functions as extreme points in punctured Hardy spaces
Creators: name: Dyakonov, Konstantin M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30H10, 30J10, 42A32, 46A55

description: The Hardy space $H^1$ consists of the integrable functions $f$ on the unit circle whose Fourier coefficients $\widehat f(k)$ vanish for $k<0$. We are concerned with $H^1$ functions that have some additional (finitely many) holes in the spectrum, so we fix a finite set $\mathcal K$ of positive integers and consider the "punctured" Hardy space $$H^1_{\mathcal K}:=\{f\in H^1:\,\widehat f(k)=0\,\,\,\text{for all }\, k\in\mathcal K\}.$$ We then investigate the geometry of the unit ball in $H^1_{\mathcal K}$. In particular, the extreme points of the ball are identified as those unit-norm functions in $H^1_{\mathcal K}$ which are not too far from being outer (in the appropriate sense). This extends a theorem of de Leeuw and Rudin that deals with the classical $H^1$ and characterizes its extreme points as outer functions. We also discuss exposed points of the unit ball in $H^1_{\mathcal K}$.
description: 19 pages
Brain reading and behavioral methods provide complementary perspectives on the representation of concepts
Creators: name: Bauer, Andrew
name: Just, Marcel
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Neuroscience

description: The advent of brain reading techniques has enabled new approaches to the study of concept representation, based on the analysis of multivoxel activation patterns evoked by the contemplation of individual concepts such as animal concepts. The present fMRI study characterized the representation of 30 animal concepts. Dimensionality reduction of the multivoxel activation patterns underlying the individual animal concepts indicated that the semantic building blocks of the brain's representations of the animals corresponded to intrinsic animal properties (e.g. fierceness, intelligence, size). These findings were compared to behavioral studies of concept representation, which have typically collected pairwise similarity ratings between two concepts (e.g. Henley, 1969). Behavioral similarity judgments, by contrast, indicated that the animals were organized into taxonomically defined groups (e.g. canine, feline, equine). The difference in the results between the brain reading and behavioral approaches might derive from differences in cognitive processing during judging similarities versus contemplating one animal at a time. Brain reading approaches may have an advantage in describing thoughts about an individual concept, owing to the ability to decode brain activation patterns elicited by the brief consideration of a single concept (e.g. word reading) without a complex cognitive or behavioral task (e.g. similarity judgments). On the other hand, some behavioral tasks may tend to evoke a concept from numerous perspectives, yielding a representation of the breadth and sophistication of the concept knowledge. These results suggest that neural and behavioral measures offer complementary perspectives that together characterize the content and structure of concept representations.
NEUROIMAGING CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS: DYNAMICS OF MRI AND EEG EXAMINATIONS
Creators: name: Sattorov, Salohiddin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive, often fatal disease caused by persistent measles virus infection, typically contracted in early childhood. This study focuses on the neuroimaging findings in SSPE patients, specifically using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Electroencephalography (EEG). These modalities are essential for diagnosing SSPE, tracking disease progression, and monitoring treatment response. This article explores how MRI and EEG findings evolve with the stages of SSPE, highlighting the importance of these tools in clinical decision-making. Advanced neuroimaging methods have become indispensable in understanding SSPE pathophysiology and improving patient outcomes
Valuing Farmland Protection with Choice Experiments That Incorporate Preference Heterogeneity: Does Policy Guidance Depend On the Econometric Fine Print?
Creators: name: Johnston, Robert J.
name: Bergstrom, John C.
name: Johnston, Robert J.
name: Bergstrom, John C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Willingness to Pay
subject: Conservation Easement
subject: PACE
subject: Mixed Logit
subject: Stated Preference

description: Although mixed logit models are common in stated preference applications, resulting welfare estimates can be sensitive to minor changes in specification. This can be of critical relevance for policy and welfare analysis, particularly if policymakers are unaware of practical implications. Drawing from an application to agricultural conservation in Georgia, this paper quantifies the sensitivity of welfare estimates to common variations in mixed logit specification and assesses practical implications for policy guidance. Results suggest that practitioners may wish to reevaluate modeling and reporting procedures to reflect the welfare and policy implications of common but often unnoticed variations in model specification.
An empirical study of Linespots: A novel past-fault algorithm
Creators: name: Scholz, Maximilian
name: Torkar, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2; G.3
subject: 68W40 (Primary), 62J99 (Secondary)

description: This paper proposes the novel past-faults fault prediction algorithm Linespots, based on the Bugspots algorithm. We analyze the predictive performance and runtime of Linespots compared to Bugspots with an empirical study using the most significant self-built dataset as of now, including high-quality samples for validation. As a novelty in fault prediction, we use Bayesian data analysis and Directed Acyclic Graphs to model the effects. We found consistent improvements in the predictive performance of Linespots over Bugspots for all seven evaluation metrics. We conclude that Linespots should be used over Bugspots in all cases where no real-time performance is necessary.
description: 20 pages, 13 figures, submitted to STVR
Estimation of Subgraph Densities in Noisy Networks
Creators: name: Jinyuan Chang
name: Kolaczyk, Eric D.
name: Qiwei Yao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: While it is common practice in applied network analysis to report various standard network summary statistics, these numbers are rarely accompanied by uncertainty quantification. Yet any error inherent in the measurements underlying the construction of the network, or in the network construction procedure itself, necessarily must propagate to any summary statistics reported. Here we study the problem of estimating the density of an arbitrary subgraph, given a noisy version of some underlying network as data. Under a simple model of network error, we show that consistent estimation of such densities is impossible when the rates of error are unknown and only a single network is observed. Accordingly, we develop method-of-moment estimators of network subgraph densities and error rates for the case where a minimal number of network replicates are available. These estimators are shown to be asymptotically normal as the number of vertices increases to infinity. We also provide confidence intervals for quantifying the uncertainty in these estimates based on the asymptotic normality. To construct the confidence intervals, a new and nonstandard bootstrap method is proposed to compute asymptotic variances, which is infeasible otherwise. We illustrate the proposed methods in the context of gene coexpression networks. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Factors Influencing Willingness-to-Pay for the Energy Star Label
Creators: name: Ward, David O.
name: Clark, Christopher D.
name: Jensen, Kimberly L.
name: Russell, Clifford S.
name: Yen, Steven T.
name: Ward, David O.
name: Clark, Christopher D.
name: Jensen, Kimberly L.
name: Russell, Clifford S.
name: Yen, Steven T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Energy Star
subject: willingness-to-pay
subject: eco-label

description: In the United States, nearly 17 percent of greenhouse gas emissions come from residential energy use. Increases in energy efficiency for the residential sector can generate significant energy savings and emissions reductions. Consumer labels, such as USEPA’s Energy Star, promote conservation by providing consumers with information on energy usage for household appliances. This study examines how the Energy Star label affects consumer preferences for refrigerators. An online survey of a national sample of adults suggest that consumers are, on average, willing to pay an extra $249.82 to $349.30 for a refrigerator that has been awarded the Energy Star label. Furthermore, the results provide evidence that willingness to pay was motivated by both private (energy cost savings) and public (environmental) benefits.
NY Pollution Discharge Elimination Permits for CAFOs, Management Adjustments and the Environment
Creators: name: Enahoro, Dolapo K.
name: Schmit, Todd M.
name: Boisvert, Richard N.
name: Enahoro, Dolapo K.
name: Schmit, Todd M.
name: Boisvert, Richard N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: CAFO regulations
subject: nutrient management
subject: manure disposal
subject: mathematical programming
subject: environmental quality

description: Weakening demand for livestock and dairy produce, historically high prices for feed ingredients and increasingly strict regulations on animal waste management continue to put significant pressure on livestock and dairy operating margins. In this paper, we use representative farm mathematical programming models to analyze important linkages between farm management adjustments and changes in farm income due to recent changes in relevant agricultural prices and restrictions on land application of nutrients. We account explicitly for new restrictions on land application of nitrogen and phosphorus, and specifically applied to confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs). Our mathematical methods and the distinctive data available allows for the assessment of the effects on income and environmental nutrient loading for New York State dairy production farms. The results suggest that with current relative prices for feed ingredients, adjustments to dairy rations lead to increased nitrogen and phosphorus content in dairy waste and soil nutrient levels being applied well in excess of crop requirements. While the regulations will correct for this problem at the farm level, our results indicate that CAFOs could experience significant losses in income. These losses depend critically on the cost of off-site manure disposal. Our results also demonstrate that significant risks of excess nutrient loading remain during extreme weather events.
Superscaling and Charge-changing Neutrino Cross Sections
Creators: name: Barbaro, M. B.
name: Amaro, J. E.
name: Caballero, J. A.
name: Donnelly, T. W.
name: Molinari, A.
name: Sick, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The superscaling function extracted from inclusive electron scattering data is used to predict high energy charge-changing neutrino cross sections in the quasi-elastic and $Δ$ regions.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati (Rome), June 21 - 26, 2005
Pseudo-differential operators associated to general type I locally compact groups
Creators: name: Mantoiu, M.
name: Sandoval, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L65, 47G30 (Primary) 22D10, 22D25 (Secondary)

description: In a recent paper by M. Mantoiu and M. Ruzhansky, a global pseudo-differential calculus has been developed for unimodular groups of type I. In the present article we generalize the main results to arbitrary locally compact groups of type I. Our methods involve the use of Plancherel's theorem for non-unimodular groups. We also make connections with a $C^*$-algebraic formalism, involving dynamical systems, and give explicit constructions for the group of affine transformations of the real line.
description: 21 pages
THE NEW WAVE OF REGIONALISM: DOES OUTSIDER/INSIDER STATUS AFFECT THE COMPETITIVENESS OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS?
Creators: name: Grant, Jason H.
name: Vollrath, Thomas L.
name: Grant, Jason H.
name: Vollrath, Thomas L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The degree to which countries are pursuing regional trade agreements (RTAs) has been nothing short of extraordinary. The topic of regional integration is “breeding concern” among academics and policymakers as to the intra- and extra-regional effects of these agreements. This study constructs and uses an updated database of agricultural trade flows from 1992-2008 to shed light on the degree to which insider and outsiders status affects U.S. agricultural exporters and its competing suppliers. Regarding outsider status, we modify the existing approach by incorporating region-specific extra-bloc trade flow variables to examine the degree to which RTAs divert trade from specific regions of the world. The results are quite illuminating. While RTAs may not be trade diverting on net, all RTAs considered exhibit trade diversion with respect to at least some regions. The results have important policy implications for nations that are not actively participating in the latest wave of regionalism.
Hippodamia andrewesi
Creators: name: POORANI, J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Coccinellidae
Hippodamia
Hippodamia andrewesi

description: Hippodamia andrewesi (Sicard)
(Fig. 105)
Semiadalia andrewesi Sicard, 1913: 498 (Type, BMNH; Type locality: ‘Chamba’, Himachal Pradesh).— Korschefsky 1932: 360; Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1979: 66 (as a synonym of H. heydeni); Poorani 2002a: 333.
Semiadalia andrewsi: Bielawski 1963a: 8–9.
Diagnosis. Length: 4.00–5.00 mm. Form elongate oval, posteriorly narrowed; dorsum only moderately convex and glabrous. Head black with a creamy white or yellow transverse macula across anterior half of eyes; pronotum with a large black macula occupying most of disc except antero-and posterolateral corners and a median area on anterior margin creamy white or yellow; scutellar shield black; elytra orange-reddish with a black anchor-shaped macula (Fig. 105a, b); rarely most of the elytral pattern obsolete (Fig. 105c). Abdominal postcoxal line complete and extremely shallow. Genitalia not studied.
Distribution. India: Northwestern region (Himachal Pradesh; Jammu & Kashmir); Pakistan; Afghanistan.
Notes. It is a distinct species with a distribution restricted to the northwestern parts of India and not commonly collected. Sicard’s type (BMNH, examined) is illustrated here. It was treated as a synonym of Hippodamia heydeni by Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1979: 66) and Poorani (2002) followed the same with a note that ‘Kapur and Iablokoff-Khnzorian do not agree on the identity of H. heydeni ’. Sufficient material was not studied in this work for comparison and it is likely to be confused with H. variegata, its more commonly collected congener. Bielawski (1963) recorded it from Afghanistan (as ‘ Semiadalia andrewsi ’) and described it in detail with illustrations of the elytral pattern variations and the genitalia.
description: Published as part of POORANI, J., 2023, An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 5332 (1) on pages 150-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8261502
Probing the embedded YSOs of the R CrA region through VLT-ISAAC spectroscopy
Creators: name: Nisini, B.
name: Antoniucci, S.
name: Giannini, T.
name: Lorenzetti, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near IR spectra obtained with ISAAC at VLT, have been used to pose constraints on the evolutionary state and accretion properties of a sample of five embedded YSOs located in the R CrA core. This sample includes three Class I sources (HH100 IR, IRS2 and IRS5), and two sources with NIR excesses (IRS6 and IRS3). Absorption lines have been detected in the medium resolution spectra of all the observed targets, together with emission lines likely originating in the disk-star-wind connected regions. We derived spectral types, veiling and stellar luminosity of the five observed sources, which in turn have been used to infer their mass and age adopting pre-main sequence evolutionary tracks. We find that in HH100 IR and IRS2 most of the bolometric luminosity is due to accretion, while the other three investigated sources, including the Class I object IRS5a, present a low accretion activity (L_{acc}/L_{bol} < 0.2). We observe a general correlation between the accretion luminosity, the IR veiling and the emission line activity of the sources. A correlation between the accretion activity and the spectral energy distribution slope is recognizable but with the notable exception of IRS5a. Our analysis therefore shows how the definition of the evolutionary stage of deeply embedded YSOs by means of IR colors needs to be more carefully refined.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures, accepted on A&A
Children’s experience starting kindergarten
Creators: name: Waddle, Sandra Emily
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The transition to formal schooling is a critical period in the life of a child and their family (Maxwell & Eller, 1994). A successful transition to school is a predictor of not only elementary school performance, but also life outcomes (Maxwell & Eller, 1994). Children's opinions of the first year of this formal transition to schooling were explored, including what they say is important for them to know when starting school. Focus groups contained 3-4 children in Kindergarten from a rural area of British Columbia, four girls and six boys in total. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative methods. Data were coded into themes and sub-themes by three coders. Results indicate that children mention positive or negative feelings or attitudes about school most commonly (i.e. dispositions), making up 34% of responses. Skills was the second most common category, making up 23% of the responses. Rules comprised 18% of responses. These responses were broken down into activity descriptions, academic skills and non-academic skills. Children also discussed social adjustment, educational environment, physical, and family related factors as important when starting school. This study differed from previous research (Dockett & Perry, 1999, 2002) in which rules were more emphasised by participants. In this study rules were not discussed as frequently as in previous research. Rather, social-emotional concerns or dispositions, children's feelings and attitudes toward school, were more emphasised by participants.
Distinguishing Different Industry Technologies and Localized Technical Change
Creators: name: Morrison Paul, Catherine J.
name: Sauer, Johannes
name: Morrison Paul, Catherine J.
name: Sauer, Johannes
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Production Economics
Productivity Analysis
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: When different technologies are present in an industry, assuming a homogeneous technology will lead to misleading implications about technical change and inefficient policy recommendations. In this paper a latent class modelling approach and flexible estimation of the production structure is used to distinguish different technologies for a representative sample of E.U. dairy producers, as an industry exhibiting significant structural changes and differences in production systems in the past decades. The model uses a transformation function to recognize multiple outputs; separate technological classes based on multiple characteristics, a flexible generalized linear functional form, a variety of inputs, and random effects to capture firm heterogeneity; and measures of first- and second-order elasticities to represent technical change and biases. We find that if multiple production frontiers are embodied in the data, different firms exhibit different output or input intensities and changes associated with different production systems that are veiled by overall (average) measures. In particular, we find that farms that are larger and more capital intensive experience greater productivity, technical progress and labor savings, and enjoy scale economies that have increased over time.
Characterization and enumeration of toroidal K_{3,3}-subdivision-free graphs
Creators: name: Gagarin, Andrei
name: Labelle, Gilbert
name: Leroux, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 05C30, 05C10 (Primary); 68R10 (Secondary)

description: We describe the structure of 2-connected non-planar toroidal graphs with no K_{3,3}-subdivisions, using an appropriate substitution of planar networks into the edges of certain graphs called toroidal cores. The structural result is based on a refinement of the algorithmic results for graphs containing a fixed K_5-subdivision in [A. Gagarin and W. Kocay, "Embedding graphs containing K_5-subdivisions'', Ars Combin. 64 (2002), 33-49]. It allows to recognize these graphs in linear-time and makes possible to enumerate labelled 2-connected toroidal graphs containing no K_{3,3}-subdivisions and having minimum vertex degree two or three by using an approach similar to [A. Gagarin, G. Labelle, and P. Leroux, "Counting labelled projective-planar graphs without a K_{3,3}-subdivision", submitted, arXiv:math.CO/0406140, (2004)].
description: 18 pages, 7 figures and 4 tables
Topological Graph Neural Networks
Creators: name: Horn, Max
name: De Brouwer, Edward
name: Moor, Michael
name: Moreau, Yves
name: Rieck, Bastian
name: Borgwardt, Karsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a powerful architecture for tackling graph learning tasks, yet have been shown to be oblivious to eminent substructures such as cycles. We present TOGL, a novel layer that incorporates global topological information of a graph using persistent homology. TOGL can be easily integrated into any type of GNN and is strictly more expressive (in terms the Weisfeiler--Lehman graph isomorphism test) than message-passing GNNs. Augmenting GNNs with TOGL leads to improved predictive performance for graph and node classification tasks, both on synthetic data sets, which can be classified by humans using their topology but not by ordinary GNNs, and on real-world data.
Economics, Corporate Sustainability and Social Responsibility
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: corporate sustainability
subject: environmental responsibility

description: It is often argued that corporate sustainability requires a corporation to make a profit, to act in a socially responsible manner and to engage in policies that are environmentally sustainable. This is sometimes called the corporation’s triple bottom line. In this paper it is argued that in practice profitability or more general maintaining economic variability constitutes a corporation’s bottom line and that it is limited by this consideration in showing social responsibility and in acting with environmental responsibility. Because of the nature of market competition, it is argued that government intervention is often required to ensure that corporations act in a socially responsible and environmentally acceptable way. In fact, such intervention is absolutely essential in some circumstances for ensuring the sustainability of markets and corporations themselves that want to act in a socially responsible and environmentally favourable manner.
UV light-induced atom desorption for large rubidium and potassium magneto-optical traps
Creators: name: Klempt, C.
name: van Zoest, T.
name: Henninger, T.
name: Topic, O.
name: Rasel, E.
name: Ertmer, W.
name: Arlt, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that light-induced atom desorption (LIAD) can be used as a flexible atomic source for large Rb-87 and K-40 magneto-optical traps. The use of LIAD at short wavelengths allows for fast switching of the desired vapor pressure and permits experiments with long trapping and coherence times. The wavelength dependence of the LIAD effect for both species was explored in a range from 630 nm to 253 nm in an uncoated quartz cell and a stainless steel chamber. Only a few mW/cm^2 of near-UV light produce partial pressures that are high enough to saturate a magneto-optical trap at 3.5 x 10^9 Rb atoms or 7 x 10^7 K atoms. Loading rates as high as 1.2 x 10^9 Rb atoms/s and 8 x 10^7 K atoms/s were achieved without the use of a secondary atom source. After the desorption light is turned off, the pressure quickly decays back to equilibrium with a time constant as short as 200 us, allowing for long trapping lifetimes after the MOT loading phase.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures
The dependence of global super-rotation on planetary rotation rate
Creators: name: Lewis, Neil T.
name: Colyer, Greg J.
name: Read, Peter L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An atmosphere may be described as globally super-rotating if its total zonal angular momentum exceeds that associated with solid-body co-rotation with the underlying planet. In this paper, we discuss the dependence of global super-rotation in terrestrial atmospheres on planetary rotation rate. This dependence is revealed through analysis of global super-rotation in idealised General Circulation Model experiments with time-independent axisymmetric forcing, compared with estimates for global super-rotation in Solar System atmospheres. Axisymmetric and three-dimensional experiments are conducted. We find that the degree of global super-rotation in the three-dimensional experiments is closely related to that of the axisymmetric experiments, with some differences in detail. A scaling theory for global super-rotation in an axisymmetric atmosphere is derived from the Held-Hou model. At high rotation rate, our numerical experiments inhabit a regime where global super-rotation scales geostrophically, and we suggest that the Earth and Mars occupy this regime. At low rotation rate, our experiments occupy a regime determined by angular momentum conservation, where global super-rotation is independent of rotation rate. Global super-rotation in our experiments saturates at a value significantly lower than that achieved in the atmospheres of Venus and Titan, which instead occupy a regime where global super-rotation scales cyclostrophically. This regime can only be accessed when eddy induced up-gradient angular momentum transport is sufficiently large, which is not the case in our idealised numerical experiments. We suggest that the 'default' regime for a slowly rotating planet is the angular momentum conserving regime, characterised by mild global (and local) superrotation.
description: Submitted to Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. Comments welcome. This manuscript has not yet been peer reviewed
Thirty Years of Economic Reform and Openness in China: Retrospect and Prospect
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Political Economy
subject: China
subject: Chinese policies
subject: Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
subject: China's economic reforms

description: This article provides a general coverage of political decisions in China to undertake, continue and extend its economic reforms and its goal of opening up to the outside world. It also considers the consequences of Chinese policies. The period leading up to the decision in 1978 to begin the reforms is considered first, particularly the period beginning in 1976, the year in which Zhou Enlai and Mao Zedong died and the Gang of Four were arrested. Hu Guofeng succeeded Mao Zedong a Chairman of the CCP but did not propose any new ways forward for China. By 1978, however, Deng Xiaoping was able to exert substantial influence on the policy choices of the CCP. As discussed, the 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CCP held in 1978 adopted his blueprint for economic reform and modernization of the Chinese economy. It was decided that the reforms would begin with agriculture and the rural sector. Towards the end of 1980, Hu Guofeng was requested to step down as Chair of the CPC because of his leftist leanings. This consolidated Deng Xiaoping’s position. In 1984, it was agreed that the reforms would be extended to the whole economy particularly the urban economy. Many important decisions about China’s future economic structure were made, including the decision to establish a rational price system using economic incentives as levers and to strongly promote economic openness. These policies continued to be applied by China’s new leaders in the later part of the reform period, namely Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao. However, as discussed, changed circumstances also required adjustments to the reform policies as new issues emerged even though the overall aim of the CCP was still to undertake reforms to increase significantly the well-being of the Chinese people. There is no doubt that China has made remarkable economic progress as a result of its reforms and some indications of its achievements are presented. The systematic gradual (but not slow) and pragmatic approach taken in bringing about China’s economic reforms has provided a pillar for China’s economic achievements. The main purpose of the reforms was said to be to create socialism with Chinese characteristics and there is some discussion of what this means. While the basic objective of the reforms remains unaltered, some variations in focus have become necessary as circumstances have changed and further changes in emphasis can be expected in the future as conditions continue to alter. The social and economic change that has occurred in China is unlikely to be reversed in the foreseeable future. China has now achieved the status of being a top global leader and resource-user and this will bring with it new challenges.