cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Birch (Betula pendula Roth.) responses to high UV-B radiation
Creators: name: Wulff, A.
name: Anttonen, S.
name: Pellinen, R.
name: Savonen, E.-M.
name: Sutinen, M.-L.
name: Heller, W.
name: Sandermann, H. Jr.
name: Kangasjärvi, J.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1999

description: Responses of European silver birch seedlings to highly enhanced levels of UV-B radiation (14.4 or 22.5 kJ m–2 d–1 UV-BBE) were studied in a glasshouse experiment. Visible symptoms, membrane lipid composition, secondary metabolites, mRNA levels of chalcone synthase (Chs), localisation of Chs mRNA and leaf structure were analysed. Interveinal chlorosis and asymmetric leaves were induced by UV-B. A significant UV-B -induced increase in 18:2 fatty acid of both glycolipids and phospholipids was detected. UV-B dependent increase in accumulation of a quercetin-3-glycoside and three other compounds, as well as a transient increase in Chs mRNA levels are indicative of induced biosynthesis of flavonoids. In situ experiments showed that mRNA of Chs was mainly found in the upper mesophyll and vascular bundle tissues. Structural observations showed injuries caused by high irradiances. At the light microscopy level there was first a reduction in palisade parenchyma and later a more dense structure of spongy parenchyma cells. Electron microscopy demonstrated an increase in vacuolar membrane whorls and dark bodies, occurrence of lipid material and darkened chloroplast stroma in mesophyll cells. However, results also indicated that Betula pendula is capable of inducing defence reactions such as biosynthesis of flavonoids even at very high UV-B radiation.
Microbial activity of boreal forest soil in a cold climate
Creators: name: Kähkönen, M.A.
name: Wittmann, C.
name: Kurola, J.
name: Ilvesniemi, H.
name: Salkinoja-Salonen, M. S.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2001

description: Organic matter degrading microbial activities in economically managed, acid boreal Scots pine forest soils were analysed in different seasons. We observed Q10 values ranging from 2.3 to 2.8 for the production of CO2 from endogenous detrital matter at close to in situ temperatures, when the soils were in natural state, immediately after sampling. The Q10 of methane oxidation, beta-glucosidase, C2- and C4-esterases, exhibited values of 1.6 to 2.1 and the corresponding apparent activation energies were from 40 to 70 kJ mol–1. Detrital decomposition extrapolated to zero activity at –7 +/- 1 °C but the actual soil temperature under snow cover never dropped below –3 °C. The degrading activities towards 0.2 to 2 ppm of phenanthrene and of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol showed Q10 values of 2.0 to 4.4 in the fine roots and the rhizosphere fraction of aspen forest soil but there was no activity in the bulk soil. Our results show that the detritus degrading microbial activities in forest soil were only moderately temperature dependent and significant activity continued over the winter.
Megachile irritans Smith, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile irritans

description: irritans Smith, new comb.
Megachile irritans Smith 1879: 82. Female. Type locality: Orizaba, Mexico. Type repository: BNHM 17a2481. Examined.
Megachile (Moureana) irritans Ayala et al 1997: 455.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Seasonal sedimentation of organic matter and contaminants in the Gulf of Finland
Creators: name: Kankaanpää, H.
name: Korhonen, M.
name: Suortti, A.-M.
name: Heiskanen, A.-S.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1997

description: The levels of organic contaminants were analyzed in the accumulating material of the Gulf of Finland from April to October in 1996. Settling particles were collected at two locations: GF2 (open sea), and Schepelev (Neva Bay). The contaminants included in the study were: PCBs (7 congeners), DDT and its metabolites, HCHs, chlordanes, trans-nonachlor, and HCB. Sedimentation of total oil and total organic halogens (EOX) was also quantified. The average fluxes of the chemicals were calculated, and the total sedimentation to the whole Gulf of Finland accumulation areas were extrapolated from the flux values obtained for one open sea station. The sedimentation of total particulate carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus was also measured. The contribution of phytoplankton carbon (PPC) and other biogenic material to the total settled carbon was estimated. The sedimentation of the compounds was most intense during the times of increased dry matter accumulation. During the spring, diatoms were dominant in the settled material and phytoplankton comprised about 78% of total settled carbon. During the autumn, the effect of resuspension seemed important. The results from the trap at Schepelev indicated smaller fluxes of PCBs and DDTs than in the open Gulf, but the PCB concentration was high. With the exception of DDTs (90%), the Gulf of Finland was calculated to receive 1–9% of the reported total input of different contaminants to the Baltic Sea.
The satellite derived surface radiation budget for BALTEX
Creators: name: Hollmann, R.
name: Gratzki, A.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2002

description: The Satellite Application Facility for Climate Monitoring (CM-SAF) will derive operationally consistent cloud and radiation parameters in high spatial resolution for an area that covers Europe and part of the north Atlantic Ocean in an off-line mode. The availability of the 12-channel instrument SEVIRI and the GERB onboard the MSG satellite, together with the five-channel AVHRR instrument onboard the NOAA and METOP satellites provides a unique opportunity to derive consistent cloud and radiation parameters. The cloud and surface radiation products will be based on data from the polar orbiting satellites NOAA and METOP for the northern latitudes, and on data from the MSG satellite for the mid-latitudes. To reduce inhomogeneities in the transition from the mid-latitudes to the northern latitudes as much as possible, the same algorithms will be used for both areas. Here a brief description of the planned surface radiation budget products and the selected algorithms is given.
On-line field measurements of monoterpene emissions from Scots pine by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry
Creators: name: Ruuskanen, T. M.
name: Kolari, P.
name: Bäck, J.
name: Kulmala, M.
name: Rinne, J.
name: Hakola, H.
name: Taipale, R.
name: Raivonen, M.
name: Altimir, N.
name: Hari, P.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2005

description: We measured the daily patterns of monoterpene emissions from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees in a boreal coniferous forest in August and September 2004, using an on-line chamber method combined with a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) analyzer. The on-line measurements were made in two chambers with a one-year old shoot inside. Simultaneous measurements were performed for carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange, transpiration (H2O), exchange of trace gases (NOx, O3), photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), air temperature and relative humidity (RH). The composition of the monoterpene emission did not change during the measurement period, with [delta]3-carene and [alpha]-pinene being the dominant species. The total mono-terpene emission rate (per needle area) was on average 0.5 ng m–2 s–1, varied from non detectable to 2.1 ng m–2 s–1, and showed a typical diurnal pattern with afternoon maximum and nighttime minimum. The emission rates determined with this on-line chamber method were in agreement with results from a simultaneously used established adsorbent sampling technique with offline GC-MS analysis. The monoterpene emissions from the chamber walls were correlated with the chamber temperature and this measurement artifact was dominating at night. Emission rates normalized to 30 °C, using temperature regression coefficient of 0.09 °C–1, ranged from 2.1 µg g(dw)–1 h–1 to 4.4 µg g(dw)–1 h–1. Measurements of emission dynamics of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) together with plant physiological activity are urgently needed for the development of mechanistic BVOC emission models in order to assess their regional and global influence.
Variation of the VOC emission rates of birch species during the growing season
Creators: name: Hakola, H.
name: Laurila, T.
name: Lindfors, V.
name: Hellén, H.
name: Gaman, A.
name: Rinne, J.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2001

description: The VOC emission rates of 16 Betula pubescens and 15 Betula pendula trees were measured during the 1997 growing season in southern Finland. Since the monoterpene emission rates of Betula pubescens showed large variations between the tree specimen, these measurements were continued in 2000 with two different clones. Both Betula pubescens and Betula pendula had low monoterpene emission rates early summer, but after the leaves were fully grown, darker and harder, Betula pendula initiated high monoterpene emission rates, whereas Betula pubescens showed large tree-to-tree variations. One of the studied clones initiated higher emission rates after the leaves had matured, whereas the emission rates of the other clone decreased a little. Betula pubescens also emitted linalool and sesquiterpenes. Linalool was the dominant emitted compound in June but later in summer the linalool emissions declined. Also the monoterpene emission pattern changed in the course of the growing season; at the time of leaf expansion the emission was composed of different monoterpenes, but later sabinene and trans-ocimene dominated. The seasonal changes in the emission rates were analysed using the Effective Temperature Sum (ETS, accumulated temperature above 5 deg.C). Monoterpene emissions, as well as those of linalool and sesquiterpenes, were dependent on temperature. When light was prevented from reaching the cuvette, the monoterpene emissions decreased, but sesquiterpene emissions did not. Physical disturbance of the leaves increased the emission rates of cis-3-hexen-1-ol, cis-3-hexenylacetate, 2-hexenal and 1-hexanol considerably.
title: La guerra di Successione spagnola: l’Italia, l’Europa, il mondo (1700-1714)
Creators: name: Bazzano, Nicoletta
Publisher: name: UNICApress
Year: 2024

description: La guerra di Successione spagnola è un momento periodizzante della storia europea. Il presente volume, con i suoi approfondimenti sulle realtà di Milano, Napoli, Sicilia e Sardegna, vuole approfondire le reazioni delle aristocrazie locali dinanzi allo scoppio del conflitto e far emergere come questo momento di distacco dalla Monarchia spagnola, di cui questi domini avevano fatto parte da secoli, si tramutò in una fase di maturazione politica ed istituzionale, che sarebbe continuata nei decenni successivi.
Palaeolimnological evidence of forestry practices disturbing small lakes in Finland
Creators: name: Turkia, J.
name: Sandman, O.
name: Huttunen, P.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1998

description: The effects of forestry practices on lake water quality were traced in the sediments of six small lakes in Finland by studying the physical and chemical properties and the diatom composition of the sediments. Weighted averaging and a calibration data set of 89 lakes was used to reconstruct lake water pH, conductivity and concentration of total phosphorus on the basis of the sedimentary diatom assemblages. Palaeolimnological changes that can be connected with forest ditchings and fertilizations were detected, and a sudden eutrophication is shown in one case. The effects of clear cuttings seem to be dependent on the subsequent soil treatments (e.g. harrowing or screefing). Some changes in the diatom floras suggest an increase of humic matter in lake water. The links between forestry operations and Aulacoseira distans var. tenella (Nygaard) R. Ross as well as Asterionella ralfsii var. americana Körn. are discussed.
Snow-cover regime in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia and its relationship to climatic and geographical factors in 1961–2015
Creators: name: Rimkus, E.
name: Briede, A.
name: Jaagus, J.
name: Stonevicius, E.
name: Kilpys, J.
name: Viru, B.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2018

description: This study used long-term snow cover data from the Baltic States (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia) to analyse changes in the snow cover regime from 1961 to 2015. The analysis included snow cover duration and maximum snow depth and their relationships with air temperature, precipitation and geographical factors. The longitude and elevation had the greatest impact on the spatial distribution of analysed snow parameters, whereas the air temperature had the highest impact on the snow cover duration and snow depth. During the investigation period, the decrease in the number of days with snow cover was determined. Statistically significant changes were only detected in 35% of measurement sites, mostly in the southern part of the region. The largest changes of snow cover duration were observed in December and March, while a significant trend for the entire investigation area was only recorded in April. The maximum snow depth values remained almost unchanged during the analysed period.
ЭКИШ МУДДАТИ, МЕЪЁРИ, СХЕМАСИ ВА ЎСИМЛИК СОНИНИНГ  ОРГАНЛАР ШАКИЛЛАНИШГА ТАЪСИРИ
Creators: name: Маматкулов, И.И.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Мақолада кескин глобал иқлим ўзгариши шароитида андоза “Ўзбекистон-5” дон жўхори ҳамда “Массино” навлари ўсимликларнинг ҳосил элементлари шаклланишига “Массино” нави уруғларини экиш муддати, меъри, схемаси ва ўсимлик туп сони таъсирини тадқиқ қилиш маълумотлари келтирилган. Солиштириб ўрганилганда “Массино” навида рўвак оғирлиги 126,3-190,4 г ўртача 134,7 г (81,2%), намлик ва чиқинди миқдори эса 4,4-13,2 г, ўртача 7,8 г (4,5%), битта рўвакдаги дон сони 448,8 дона бўлганлиги, яъни юқорида тадқиқ қилинган омилларга бевосита боғлиқ эканлиги аниқланди.
Climate change adaptation using low impact development for stormwater management in a Nordic catchment
Creators: name: Di Natale, Carla M.
name: Tamm, Ottar
name: Koivusalo, Harri
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2023

description: Climate change is raising a need to adapt stormwater management systems to altered conditions. Low Impact Development (LID) controls are regarded as a promising solution for adaptation in urban areas. The main objective was to demonstrate how LID controls function in climate change adaptation. The analysis used air temperature and precipitation from regional climate model with RCP8.5 emission scenario as input to the Storm Water Management Model. Urban runoff and snow dynamics were simulated in historical, mid- and far-future periods. With the increase in mean air temperature, snow water equivalent reduces, which alters the seasonal runoff behavior in the future. To alleviate the climate change impacts, subcatchments generating high total runoff volumes were determined for LID implementation. Bioretention cells, permeable pavements and green roofs achieved runoff volume reduction in summer, while also having some impact on other seasons. Permeable pavements and bioretention cells behaved similarly throughout the year, but green roofs had a negligible runoff volume reduction in winter. This study highlights that LID adaptation design for summer flow events does not behave similarly in other seasons.
Effect of season on the acute thermal tolerance and thermal inactivation of membrane (Mg2+ + Na+ + K+)- and Mg2+-adenosine triphosphatase activity of the Baltic Sea amphipods, Monoporeia affinis and Gammarus spp
Creators: name: Lahdes, E. O.
name: Vainio, L. A.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2003

description: This paper presents a study of the acute upper thermal tolerance and thermal inactivation (IA50) of the membrane-bound (Mg2+ + Na+ + K+)- and Mg2+-adenosine triphosphatases of the Baltic amphipods, Monoporeia affinis, inhabiting a stable cold environment (ca. 3.5 °C), and Gammarus spp., living in annually fluctuating temperatures (0–20 °C). For M. affinis the lethal temperatures (LT50) in a continuously rising temperature were 29.8 °C in winter, 29.5 °C in spring and 30.2 °C in summer. For Gammarus spp. the LT50 was 31.0 °C in spring, 32.8 °C in summer and 30.2 °C in autumn. Seasonality in the LT50 values was observed in Gammarus spp., but in M. affinis only the summer value differed from the other seasons. The LT50 of M. affinis did not change after temperature acclimation of the animals at 13.5 °C. The thermal inactivation values (IA50) of the ATPases of M. affinis (44.3–47.4 °C) were higher than those of Gammarus spp. (40.3–45.2 °C). In Gammarus differences in the IA50 values between the seasons were found while in M. affinis only between spring and summer.
Hypselostoma discobasis Vermeulen, Luu, Theary & Anker 2019
Creators: name: Gojšina, Vukašin
name: Hunyadi, András
name: Sutcharit, Chirasak
name: Tongkerd, Piyoros
name: Auffenberg, Kurt
name: Grego, Jozef
name: Vermeulen, Jaap J.
name: Reischütz, Alexander
name: Páll-Gergely, Barna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Hypselostomatidae
Hypselostoma
Hypselostoma discobasis

description: Hypselostoma discobasis Vermeulen, Luu, Theary & Anker, 2019
Figs 111 Q, 133, 182
Hypselostoma discobasis Vermeulen et al., 2019: 39–40, figs 66–68.
Hypselostoma discobasis — Sutcharit et al. 2023: 1290.
Type material examined.
Cambodia • holotype; NHMUK 20180576.
Type locality.
“ Cambodia: Kampot Province, Kampot area: Phnom La’Ang, southeast-end ”.
Differential diagnosis.
See under H. sorormajor sp. nov. and H. sororminor sp. nov.
Distribution.
This species in known only from the type locality.
Remarks.
The type locality of this species was inaccessible during collecting efforts in 2023 due to the restricted access and the presence of concrete walls around the locality. This indicates that the species could be seriously threatened by quarrying.
description: Published as part of Gojšina, Vukašin, Hunyadi, András, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, Auffenberg, Kurt, Grego, Jozef, Vermeulen, Jaap J., Reischütz, Alexander & Páll-Gergely, Barna, 2025, A new start? Revision of the genera Anauchen, Bensonella, Gyliotrachela and Hypselostoma (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata, Hypselostomatidae) of Southeast Asia with description of 46 new species, pp. 1-338 in ZooKeys 1235 on pages 1-338, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1235.145281
Carbon dioxide and methane exchange of a perennial grassland on a boreal mineral soil
Creators: name: Lind, S.E.
name: Virkajärvi, P.
name: Hyvönen, N.P.
name: Maljanen, M.
name: Kivimäenpää, M.
name: Jokinen, S.
name: Antikainen, S.
name: Latva, M.
name: Räty, M.
name: Martikainen, P.J.
name: Shurpali, N.J.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2020

description: Cultivation of perennial crops can be an option to sequester carbon in agricultural soils. To determine the carbon budget of a perennial cropping system under the boreal climate, we studied carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) exchange of timothy and meadow fescue mixture (TIM) on a boreal mineral soil. Based on the mean annual net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), TIM was a sink for both CO2 (–1000 g CO2 m–2) and CH4 (–140 mg CH4 m–2). In comparison, soil without vegetation (BARE) was a source of CO2 (1300 g CO2 m–2). Based on the literature review, the net CO2 uptake of TIM was similar to the perennial cropping systems in northern Finland but higher than that of the annual cropping systems in this region. Our multi-year study shows that the perennial cultivation system based on TIM is an environmentally sustainable land-use option to mitigate agricultural CO2 emissions in regions with short growing seasons.
Bummock: Tennyson Research Centre. Discover how a ‘controlled rummage’ unearthed Hallam Tennyson’s childhood drawings, inspiring new artworks
Creators: name: Bracey, Andrew
name: by, Curated
name: Gatfield, Rowan
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2024
Subjects: W100 - Fine art
W110 - Drawing
W213 - Visual communication

description: Google Arts & Culture is a non-commercial initiative. They work with cultural institutions and artists around the world. Together, their mission is to preserve and bring the world's art and culture online so it's accessible to anyone, anywhere.
Long-term changes of the river runoff in Latvia
Creators: name: Klavins, M.
name: Briede, A.
name: Rodinov, V.
name: Kokorite, I.
name: Frisk, T.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2002

description: The study of changes in river discharge is important for the development of efficient water resource management systems, as well as for the development and validation of climate change impact models. The discharge regime of rivers and their long-term changes in Latvia were investigated. Four major types of river discharge regimes, which depend on climatic and physico-geographic factors, were characterized. These factors are linked to the changes observed in river discharge. Periodic oscillations of discharge intensity, and low- and high-water flow years are common for the major rivers in Latvia. A main frequency of about 20 and 13 years was estimated for the studied rivers.
ClustML: A Measure of Cluster Pattern Complexity in Scatterplots Learnt from Human-labeled Groupings
Creators: name: Abbas, Mostafa M.
name: Ullah, Ehsan
name: Baggag, Abdelkader
name: Bensmail, Halima
name: Sedlmair, Michael
name: Aupetit, Michaël
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.8; H.1.2; I.3.6; I.5.1; I.5.2; I.5.3

description: Visual quality measures (VQMs) are designed to support analysts by automatically detecting and quantifying patterns in visualizations. We propose a new VQM for visual grouping patterns in scatterplots, called ClustML, which is trained on previously collected human subject judgments. Our model encodes scatterplots in the parametric space of a Gaussian Mixture Model and uses a classifier trained on human judgment data to estimate the perceptual complexity of grouping patterns. The numbers of initial mixture components and final combined groups. It improves on existing VQMs, first, by better estimating human judgments on two-Gaussian cluster patterns and, second, by giving higher accuracy when ranking general cluster patterns in scatterplots. We use it to analyze kinship data for genome-wide association studies, in which experts rely on the visual analysis of large sets of scatterplots. We make the benchmark datasets and the new VQM available for practical use and further improvements.
description: Published in SAGE Information Visualization journal
The domination monoid in henselian valued fields
Creators: name: Hils, Martin
name: Mennuni, Rosario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03C45 (Primary) 03C60, 03C64, 12J10, 12L12 (Secondary)

description: We study the domination monoid in various classes of structures arising from the model theory of henselian valuations, including RV-expansions of henselian valued fields of residue characteristic 0 (and, more generally, of benign valued fields), p-adically closed fields, monotone D-henselian differential valued fields with many constants, regular ordered abelian groups, and pure short exact sequences of abelian structures. We obtain Ax-Kochen-Ershov type reductions to suitable fully embedded families of sorts in quite general settings, and full computations in concrete ones.
Heavy metal concentrations in various aqueous and biotic media in Finnish Integrated Monitoring catchments
Creators: name: Ukonmaanaho, L.
name: Starr, M.
name: Hirvi, J.-P.
name: Kokko, A.
name: Lahermo, P.
name: Mannio, J.
name: Paukola, T.
name: Ruoho-Airola, T.
name: Tanskanen, H.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1998

description: Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in various aqueous and biotic media in four small forested catchments located throughout Finland (61–70°N) are presented. The data has been collected (1989–96) as part of the UN-ECE Integrated Monitoring programme. Aqueous media included: bulk (open) precipitation, throughfall, stemflow, soil water, groundwater, and lake and stream waters. The biotic media included: moss (Pleurozium schreberi), needles (Pinus sylvestris), litterfall, humus layer, red wood ants (Formica aquilonia and F. lugubris), and common shrew (Sorex areneus) liver. In comparison to temperate ecosystems, the concentrations of each metal in all media were low. Levels and bioaccumulation of Cu and Zn were clearly affected by their role as micro-nutrients and, in the case of Zn at one of the catchments, by local lithological sources. Humus layer and surface water 95th percentile concentration values were below lowest effect values. Concentrations of Pb have significantly declined over the study period.
Peroxodisulphate digestion and filtration as sources of inaccuracy in determinations of total phosphorus and dissolved orthophosphate phosphorus in water samples containing suspended soil particles
Creators: name: Turtola, E.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1996

description: Determinations of phosphorus fractions in water samples may be unreliable if an appreciable amount of phosphorus is attached to suspended soil particles. The inaccuracies in peroxodisulphate digestion for determination of total phosphorus were studied on the basis of surface runoff and drainflow samples from a clay soil. The results obtained with peroxodisulphate digestion tended to be lower than those obtained with a HF digestion method. The results of peroxodisulphate digestion indicated incomplete extraction of phosphorus, especially in samples with large amounts of suspended soil particles. More sulphuric acid, or dilution of the samples before the digestion, improved the results. Error in dissolved orthophosphate determination due to colloidal material was investigated by removing variable amounts of the material from samples before the analysis. The amounts of dissolved orthophosphate that were determined increased with the amount of suspended material in the filtrate, indicating release of orthophosphate from colloids. The described inaccuracies in total and orthophosphate phosphorus determinations may result in underestimation of the particulate phosphorus fraction.
title: Identifying signals of atmospheric circulation regime variability
Creators: name: Falkena, Swinda Klaasje Jantine
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2023

description: To describe the dynamics of the atmospheric circulation variability often the circulation is divided
into a limited number of so-called atmospheric circulation regimes, which characterise the low-frequency variability in the dynamics. These recurrent and persistent circulation patterns can be
identified in different regional domains and time periods, where the focus in this thesis is on the wintertime Euro-Atlantic sector. A central challenge here is to accurately capture the regime variability
signal. To this end several novel methods are introduced and analysed in this study.
Existing methods mostly identify four circulation regimes over the Euro-Atlantic sector. The
common approach to regime identification is to apply a k-means clustering algorithm to principal
component (PC) data, often after applying a low-pass time filter. We find that using gridpoint
data instead of PC data gives an optimal number of regimes of six instead of four. Furthermore, a
time-regularised clustering algorithm is proposed to identify the persistent regime dynamics. This
regularised approach increases the persistence of the regimes compared to a standard k-means clustering algorithm, with the dynamics being less affected by noise. The use of a low-pass filter leads
to a bias in the regime frequencies, while the regularised method does not.
To study non-stationary regime dynamics signals on (sub-)seasonal and interannual timescales
an ensemble-regularised k-means clustering algorithm is proposed. This approach couples the information within an ensemble of model hindcast data, allowing to identify a more pronounced
non-stationary regime signal. On interannual timescales this signal is dominated by the El Ni˜no
Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and it is found to be predictable on seasonal timescales for two of the
six regimes considered.
The two regularised clustering methods discussed require the selection of a constraint parameter,
which can be made using for example information criteria. In the final part a Bayesian approach
to regime assignment, which does not require such a parameter selection, is proposed. This method
uses Bayes theorem to incorporate prior information to obtain a better informed probabilistic regime
assignment. It leads to more persistent regime dynamics, even compared to the time-regularised
clustering method, and helps to identify a pronounced interannual variability signal comparable to
that obtained using the ensemble-regularised clustering method.
The three introduced and investigated approaches help in identifying robust regime variability signals, significantly improving on existing methods. These techniques can be adapted to suit
different regime variability signal questions and are not limited to circulation regimes in terms of
applicability. The identified regime signals raise questions for future research directions.
Estimating annual CPUE indices for perch (Perca fluviatilis) from monthly logbook data of a gill-net fishery in the Bothnian Bay, Baltic Sea
Creators: name: Lappalainen, A.
name: Hyvönen, J.
name: Söderkultalahti, P.
name: Heikkinen, J.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2020

description: Catch per unit effort (CPUE) indices, derived from daily logbooks of open sea fisheries or from standard gill-net surveys have traditionally been used as a source of information on trends in fish stock biomass or abundance. Nowadays, the systematic collection of catch and effort data from coastal small-scale fisheries has gradually been launched as well, e.g., in the Baltic Sea. The data from coastal fisheries is typically collected in monthly logbooks. We demonstrate that raw CPUEs, CPUEs based on subsetted data and CPUE indices based on linear mixed models (LMMs) from coastal gill-net fishery data covering a 20-year period yield different results on trends in abundance. The use of advanced counting methods is recommended to reduce the amount of the annual variation not attributable to changes in abundance. Thereafter, CPUE indices based on the monthly logbook data can produce valuable and cost-effective information on fish abundance.
Distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates and leaf litter in relation to streambed retentivity: implications for headwater stream restoration
Creators: name: Haapala, A.
name: Muotka, T.
name: Laasonen, P.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2003

description: The distribution of leaf litter and benthic macroinvertebrates was studied in two boreal streams: a stream with a natural streambed (Merenoja), a channelized stream (Rutajoki), and the latter stream after its restoration. Leaf release experiments were performed to characterise the retentive structures of each stream. Benthic samples were collected from patches that retained artificial leaves (`retention sites') and from randomly located patches (`random sites'). Retention sites contained significantly more benthic leaves than random sites in each stream, but the difference between patch types was most distinct in the channelized stream. Densities of shredders and other detritivores were distinctly higher in retention than in random sites in Rutajoki, both before and after restoration. In Merenoja, shredders were evenly distributed among the patch types. Restoration clearly increased the trapping efficiency of Rutajoki, but only slightly reduced the aggregation of detritivores to retentive stream patches. Our study highlights the importance of detritus aggregations for stream invertebrates, especially in channelized streams.
Long-term changes in groundwater chemistry in four coastal water supply plants in southern Finland
Creators: name: Karro, E.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1999

description: Monitoring of four glacial outwash aquifers that have been utilised during the last 30 years for municipal water supply of Espoo community, southern Finland, reveals changes in chemical composition of groundwater. A 1.5 to 2.0-fold increase in electrical conductivity and in concentrations of main cations and anions in abstracted groundwater reflect primarily the geological impact of Litorina deposits. Relict seawater trapped in deeper parts of aquifers and leaching of fossil salts from postglacial clay and silt deposits have a marked effect on the chemistry of groundwater.
Air pollution: a more serious health problem than COVID-19 in 2020
Creators: name: Du, W.
name: Chen, D.
name: Petäjä, T.
name: Kulmala, M.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2021

description: As a global pandemic, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a serious threat to people's health. However, by comparing the deaths caused by COVID-19 and deaths from air pollution in 183 countries, our results show that air pollution was even more of a serious health problem than COVID-19 in 2020. The relative roles of air pollution and COVID-19-attributable deaths across countries were affected by PM2.5 exposure, population age structure, societal development and government policies. The countries with less strict policies during the early stages of COVID-19, to ensure stable economic development, paid more to control COVID-19 deaths in the subsequent stages, and hence showed large GDP reduction percentages in 2020. Our results indicate that the COVID-19 is a serious killer but also that the mortality caused by air pollution is high, which underline the concurrent need to control the dispersion of COVID-19 and improvement of air quality.
First total OH reactivity emission measurements from a Nordic wetland
Creators: name: Schallhart, Simon
name: Praplan, Arnaud P.
name: Tykkä, Toni
name: Reijrink, Nina
name: Williams, Jonathan
name: Hakola, Hannele
name: Hellén, Heidi
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2023

description: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ever-present compounds in the air we breathe. They are emitted by natural and anthropogenic sources and are modified by atmospheric oxidants. VOCs affect air quality and human health, form and grow aerosol particles, and can impact Earth's radiative balance. Total hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity measurements are a valuable tool for assessing the comprehensiveness of measured VOCs and can give valuable insights into in situ atmospheric chemistry. Especially in remote forested environments, missing or unaccounted for reactivity has been substantial, caused by either unmeasured primary emissions or secondary oxidation products. This study presents OH reactivity and VOC measurements over a Nordic, subarctic wetland in summer. Over half of the OH reactivity from emissions could not be attributed, while the remaining measured fraction is dominated by isoprene (42%), followed by sesquiterpenes (3%).
Learning Sets of Rules and Analytical Learning
Creators: name: Georgiou, Harris
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: At the core of Artificial Intelligence, two major pathways of knowledge extraction and representation have been the cornerstone for many decades: Deductive Learning, based on sets of "rules" from Predicate Calculus and Horn clauses that represent the domain experts' knowledge; and Inductive Learning, based on 'generalization by examples' by more or less 'black box' algorithms.In this third lecture, the Deductive approach is explored via the notion of Explanation-Based Learning (EBL), which is prevalent in Logic Programming and Expert Systems, implemented by languages like Prolog and LISP. Similarly, the Inductive approach is explained via the notion of Analytical Learning, which is prevalent in the last few decades in Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning, more commonly manifested as Neural Networks, Genetic Algorithms, Deep Learning, etc.

Keywords: Machine Learning, Data Analytics, AI, Artificial Intelligence, lectureVideo: https://youtu.be/aNyoGAaa5LQ
Modelling resuspension in the Bothnian Bay, Northern Baltic
Creators: name: Juntura, E.
name: Koponen, J.
name: Alasaarela, E.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1996

description: A resuspension model was added to a 3D flow and water quality model. The resuspension model consisted of a wind-wave model, an orbital current model and an erosion model. Erosion was modelled using the critical current velocity. The wave-induced orbital current was added to the advection current calculated by the 3D model. Sediment trap measurements were made in the Bothnian Bay near the Island of Hailuoto. The model results were compared with the field observations. The comparison revealed both discrepancies and agreements. Heavy storm conditions and differences in local depths between the study site and the coarse grid model are possible causes for the discrepancies. The model predicted correctly some erosion and accumulation areas.
On the existence of neutral atmospheric clusters
Creators: name: Kulmala, M.
name: Lehtinen, K. E. J.
name: Laakso, L.
name: Mordas, G.
name: Hämeri, K.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2005

description: A recent hypothesis on the existence of neutral thermodynamically stable clusters is thoroughly investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Altogether, three different methods are utilized. First, the concentrations and size distributions of atmospheric ions, measured using ion spectrometers, are analyzed in parallel with aerosol size distribution data to find out the size dependencies of cluster and aerosol growth rates. The measurements are performed at SMEAR II station in Hyytiälä, Finland. Second, a condensation particle counter (CPC) is used as a nucleation chamber for homogeneous nucleation and ambient cluster activation studies. Both experimental methods support the existence of neutral clusters. Third, a large number of model simulations on aerosol and ion size distribution dynamics reveal that the existence of neutral clusters seems to be necessary to obtain consistency between modeling results and experimental measurements.
Hydraulic nutrient transport in a restored peatland buffer
Creators: name: Silvan, N.
name: Sallantaus, T.
name: Vasander, H.
name: Laine, J.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2005

description: The aim of this study was to investigate the hydraulic transport of nitrate (NO3–) and phosphate (PO43–) in a restored peatland buffer by quantifying the nitrate and phosphate input–output balance and nutrient transport in the buffer. The area of the buffer was ca. 0.5 ha, and it amounted to ca. 15%–25% of the water catchment area above. Nitrate and phosphate were added continuously during June–July in 1999, applying Ca(NO3)2 (110 kg Ca, 90 kg N ha–1) and K3PO4 (38 kg K, 30 kg P ha–1) water solution in the experimental area. Nutrient transport and retention in the buffer were monitored in the site in 1998–2001. Only ca. 0.5% of added nitrate and ca. 7% of added phosphate was leached through the buffer during the period 1999–2001. Especially added nitrate was retained in a relatively small area in the upper experimental area, ca. 0.2 ha, whereas added phosphate spread out to a much larger area. The results obtained indicate that the buffer is capable of removing effectively especially nitrate but also phosphate from throughflowing water, if the buffer area is large enough, and if the slope of the buffer is suitable.
Impact of forestry practices on ecology of algal communities in small brooks in the Nurmes experimental forest area, Finland
Creators: name: Holopainen, A.-L.
name: Huttunen, P.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1998

description: The effects of clear felling, ditching and site preparation on the species composition, biomass and production of algae in forest brooks have been studied in 1982–93 as a part of the Nurmes Project in Finland. After clear felling and site preparation the primary factors causing change in species composition of algae were the increased nutrient content and colour of water. As the effects of site preparation started to wear off the nutrient content and temperature of the water returned towards the original level, a new response was seen in species of algae. Immediately after ditching and clear felling the biomasses of Volvocales and Cryptophyceae rose and reached their maximum in the following open water season, while the proportion of diatoms in the biomass decreased. A protective forest zone between the brook and the area affected by the intervention appeared to be highly effective in preventing changes in the water quality.
Training pilots in Canada
Creators: name: Project Team, Their Finest Hour
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: Talking about her father Gerald CrokerGerald was born in 1910 and had been in Australia, expecting to stay there. He returned to the UK due to his mother's ill-health and worked in the Insurance industry.By 1940 he was learning to fly. In June 1941 he was posted to Canada as a flying instructor. His log books have survived. These details all the different planes he flew, the type of training and the pupils he taught. These were pilots from all over the Commonwealth and the UK. He felt he hadn't had the same experience as others because he hadn't had to fight. The planes included Tiger Moths, Oxfords and Dakotas. He was based in Calgary, Alberta throughout the war.In 1945 he was seconded to what was the start of BOAC covering Nairobi, South Africa, Iraq and the Middle East.In 1948 he had a non-flying accident at Herne airport (hit on the head by a swing door) that resulted in a detached retina.His new area of work was to set up wool shops in southern England (he turned down a ground job in Cairo). There was a quick turnover of trainees in Canada. On returning to the UK they would go on conversion courses for the planes they would be flying on active service. He did conversion courses himself.He collected photos of his time in Canada and the UK. These were of individuals, groups, planes and places. He also collected postcards. These and his log books are available to be copied for the archive. The record also includes his passport. Had a large picture of a Mosquito (plane). The log-books include his own training in Tiger Moths and Oxfords. By July1941 he was training others. Included RCAF Flying School No 3.By 1944, he was back in the UK flying Ansons, Wellingtons and Walrus from Prestwick. He went on a B.AT. course (This was a Blind Approach Training course - a fixed narrow radio beam gave out a continuous tone signal when the aircraft was correctly in line with the runway, dots and dashes were heard on either side when flying off line. The pilot had to keep the aircraft flying along this line of continuous tone until he reached the airfield and was able to land.)
Megachile maculata Smith, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile maculata

description: maculata Smith, new comb.
Megachile maculata Smith 1853: 160 Type locality: Port Natal; Fernando Po.
Megachile anthidioides Smith 1879: 78. Female. Type locality: Paraná [Brazil]. Synonymy of Cockerell 1933: 373.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
title: Προς μία Ευτοπία | Αναβίωση της συλλογικής μνήμης μέσω της πολυαισθητηριακής εμπειρίας στον Πειραιά
title: Towards a Eutopia | Revival of collective memory through multisensory experience in Piraeus
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Μυτιληναίου, Χριστίνα
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2024
Subjects: Μνήμη
Λήθη
Πειραιάς
Πολυαισθητηριακός σχεδιασμός
Μικρασιάτες πρόσφυγες

description: Η μεταπτυχιακή διπλωματική εργασία πραγματεύεται και επιχειρεί την αναβίωση της συλλογικής μνήμης μέσω της πολυαισθητηριακής εμπειρίας στην πόλη του Πειραιά, έχοντας ως επίκεντρο μελέτης τους Μικρασιάτες πρόσφυγες, που κατέφθασαν στον Πειραιά, κατά τη δεκαετία του 1920. Αρχικά, σκιαγραφείται η έννοια της μνήμης και η σχέση αυτής με την ιστορία, τη λήθη, την πόλη, καθώς επίσης η χωρική της έκφραση μέσα από τα μνημεία της πόλης. Εν συνεχεία, μελετώνται και αναλύονται η σημερινή σχέση της αρχιτεκτονικής με τις αισθήσεις και ο πολυαισθητηριακός σχεδιασμός ενώ παράλληλα γίνεται μια προσπάθεια καταγραφής των μέσων, στα οποία ο εκάστοτε αρχιτέκτονας θα μπορούσε να σταθεί, με στόχο τη δημιουργία μιας πολυαισθητηριακής εμπειρίας. Τέλος, κατόπιν ενδελεχούς μελέτης της ιστορίας των Μικρασιατών προσφύγων, από τη ζωή τους στη Μικρά Ασία μέχρι την εγκατάστασή τους στον Πειραιά και έπειτα, γίνεται οπτικοποίηση της αφήγησης και προτείνεται μια σχεδιαστική παρέμβαση - διαδρομή μέσα στον ιστό της πόλης του Πειραιά. Η διαδρομή αυτή· αποσκοπεί στην ενεργοποίηση της συλλογικής μνήμης κι ενός πεδίου αισθήσεων και δυνατοτήτων για τον κάτοικο και επισκέπτη και κατ’ επέκταση για την ίδια τη πόλη. Μια πόλη που δεν μένει στατική κι αναλλοίωτη, μια πόλη που έχει τη δύναμη να διατηρεί και να εντάσσει μέσα στο ζωντανό της σώμα, όλα αυτά τα στοιχεία της ιστορίας της, μπορεί ασφαλώς να τροφοδοτήσει, αν όλα αυτά τα στοιχεία κατανοηθούν σωστά -και κάποιο όραμα για τη μελλοντική της ζωή, αυτής και των κατοίκων της.