cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Orbit Portraits of Unicritical Anti-polynomials
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Sabyasachi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37E15, 37E10, 37F10, 37F20

description: Orbit portraits were introduced by Milnor as a combinatorial tool to describe the patterns of all periodic dynamical rays landing on a periodic cycle of a quadratic polynomial. This encodes information about the dynamics and the parameter spaces of these maps. We carry out a similar analysis for unicritical anti-polynomials and give an explicit description of the orbit portraits that can occur for such maps in terms of their characteristic angles, which turns out to be rather restricted when compared with the holomorphic case. Finally, we prove a realization theorem for these combinatorial objects. The results obtained in this paper serve as a combinatorial foundation for a detailed understanding of the combinatorics and topology of the parameter spaces of unicritical anti-polynomials and their connectedness loci, known as the multicorns.
title: Long-term Effects of Use of Prescription Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents on Symptoms and Disease Progression among Patients with Radiographically Confirmed Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Creators: name: Lapane, Kate L.
name: Yang, Shibing
name: Driban, Jeffrey B.
name: Liu, Shao-Hsien
name: Dube, Catherine E.
name: McAlindon, Timothy E.
name: Eaton, Charles B.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Objective: To estimate the extent to which long-term use of prescription non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) relieve symptoms and delay disease progression among patients with radiographically confirmed osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee.

Methods: Using Osteoarthritis Initiative data, we identified participants with confirmed OA at enrollment and evaluated changes in symptoms measured using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, WOMAC (n=1,846) and joint space width measured using serial x-rays and a customized software tool (n=1,116) over 4 years. Covariates included sociodemographics, OA clinical characteristics, indices of general health status, body mass index, and use of other treatments. We adjusted for baseline and time-varying confounders using marginal structural modeling.

Results: Six percent initiated NSAID treatment at year one, with half of the initiators being regular users. After adjusting for time-varying confounders with marginal structural models, we found that compared to participants who never reported use of prescription NSAIDs, those reporting use for 3 years had on average 0.88 point decrease (95% Confidence Interval (CI): -0.46 to 2.22) in WOMAC Pain, 0.72 point decrease (95% CI: -0.12 to 1.56) in WOMAC Stiffness, 4.27 points decrease (95% CI: 0.31 to -8.84) in WOMAC Function, and 0.28mm increase (95% CI: -0.06 to 0.62) in joint space width.

Conclusions: Long term NSAID use was associated with a priori defined minimally important clinical improvements in stiffness, function and structural degeneration, but not in pain.
Evolution of individual genes of Sugarcane mosaic virus
Creators: name: Njagi, Chris
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2018

description: Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) belongs to the Potyvirus genus and Potyviridae family of single-stranded RNA viruses. It is a disease of great economic importance, especially in sugarcane and maize in many parts of the world. SCMV has been understudied at both the genomic level with a greater emphasis put on the coat protein gene (CP) for molecular epidemiology. This was a computational study using publicly available sequences (NCBI GenBank) that sought to understand the evolutionary processes that shape SCMV molecular evolution such as phylogeny, recombination, selection pressure and nucleotide diversity by focusing on the individual genes of the polypeptide. Recombination was found to be a major driver of evolution with breakpoints found in P3, HC-Pro, C1, NIa-Pro, NIb, and CP. No statistically significant recombination was detected in the P1, 6K1, 6K2, and VPg genes most probably because of their relatively shorter length. After the removal of recombinants from the initial 82 full polyprotein-coding sequences, 57 sequences were used in phylogenetic analysis using a Bayesian MCMC framework implemented in BEAST2 with particular substitution models for each gene. All the ten genes gave similar low mean nucleotide substitution rates of between 3.35 x 10-3 (C1) to 4.29 x 10-3 (CP) and time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of 219 years (CP) to 264 years (P1). This would mean that the community’s over-reliance on the CP may produce results accurate for the whole genome, provided the researchers controlled for the effects of recombination, but that sufficient data exists for other genes as well, so there is no rational justification for excluding them from similar studies. The SCMV strains clustered into two distinct groups with sub-clustering well defined by their geographical isolation points, with sequences from Argentina closely grouping with Chinese strains. This observation may not be conclusive as most of the sequences studied were from China. Analysis of dN/dS shows significant negative selection in all the genes with P1 and CP registering relatively lower levels (SLAC: 0.192 for P1 and 0.153 for CP).  A few sites in P1, HC-Pro, P3, NIa-VP, NIb, and CP appear to be under diversifying selection. P1 and CP also had the highest nucleotide diversity while the overlapping P3N-PIPO region had the least diversity relative to other regions of the polypeptide. The overlapping region is understandably highly conserved and presumably under strong purifying selection due to its double role in translation. This knowledge from this study enhances the understanding of SCMV evolution, highlights residues in several genes that may be affecting SCMV-crop interactions and will help in developing strategies for the control of the diseases in plants.
title: Giornata della Ricerca 2021 del Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione – Volume I
Creators: name: Carbone, Vincenzo
name: Azara, Liliosa
name: Pompeo, Francesco
name: De Angelis, Barbara
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2023

description:

Il presente lavoro raccoglie in due tomi i numerosi contributi presentati nell’ambito della Giornata della ricerca 2021, come nel quadro delle attività 2022, del Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione dell’Università Roma Tre. I saggi contenuti nei due volumi rappresentano un’occasione di riflessione e di ricerca su temi, progetti, percorsi ed esiti­, realizzazioni individuali o lavori di gruppo che si muovono in un arco tematico che va dai processi educativi e formativi - con l’analisi di dispositivi, la valutazione degli apprendimenti e delle competenze - fino a dimensioni ed ambiti storico-sociali; assumendo come linee di orientamento e sviluppo i concetti di inclusione, mutamento e accoglienza; quindi dedicando attenzione specifica alle sperimentazioni metodologiche.   In tempi di tumultuosa tecnologizzazione delle pratiche formative, può essere utile, rammentare il valore di una totalità educativa che si dispiega sempre mediante l’approccio multisciplinare e il confronto tra diversi saperi, allo scopo di ricercare e attualizzare alcune categorie teorico-pratiche che hanno alimentato la discorsività pedagogica, senza ignorare la necessità di proporre una riflessione che sappia tradursi in efficaci strumenti dell’agire educativo, certamente indispensabili nel mondo contemporaneo. Dalle ricerche sulla progettazione, sui training e sulla leadership alla valorizzazione delle competenze, anche mediante l’ePortfolio in prospettiva lifelong, lifewide, lifedeep learning; dalla storia dell’infanzia al valore pedagogico della musica; dal ruolo degli operatori nelle pratiche di intervento sociale per richiedenti asilo e rifugiati alla prosocialità; dai Serious games all’apprendimento delle lingue straniere; dal concept della learning city al Servizio Tutorato per studenti con disabilita’ e con DSA, il lavoro nell’insieme costituisce la terza realizzazione di un percorso virtuoso che, aldilà della messa a sistema dell’accountability dipartimentale, vuole testimoniare la vitalità e la ricchezza di approcci della ricerca.
Wprowadzenie do analizy warunków koniecznych (NCA)
Creators: name: Dul, Jan
name: Klimas, Patrycja
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: NCA
necessary condition
analiza warunków koniecznych

description: Prezentacja wprowadzająca do analizy warunków koniecznych / necessary condition analysis (NCA) wygłoszona podczas konferencji Szkoła Letnia Zarządzania 2023.
title: Social Support and Total Joint Replacement: Differences Preoperatively between Patients Living Alone and Those Living with Others
Creators: name: Lemay, Celeste
name: Harrold, Leslie R.
name: Li, Wenjun
name: Ayers, David C.
name: Franklin, Patricia D.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Introduction: Social relationships affect mental health, physical health, and mortality risk. Little is known about social support and patients electing to have total joint replacement (TJR) surgery. We explored the differences between participants living alone and those living with at least one other adult prior to TJR surgery.

Materials & methods: Preoperative and 6 month postoperative FORCE-TJR Registry survey data were collected from 6269 primary unilateral TJR patients between May 2011 and December 2013. Data included demographics, comorbid conditions, operative joint pain severity (HOOS/KOOS), musculoskeletal disease burden, physical function (SF-36 PCS), and mental health (SF36 MCS).

Results: Participants living alone were more likely to be older, female, on Medicare, with a high school education or less, and a racial/ethnic minority. Prior to surgery, they reported a greater number of comorbid conditions and non-surgical joints causing pain. Those living alone also had lower mean MCS summary measure, lower Social Functioning Scale score and a lower HOOS/KOOS Activities of Daily Living score before TJR. There were no differences preoperatively in mean BMI, mean PCS, or HOOS/KOOS surgical joint pain, symptoms, or quality of life scores between the two groups. Six months postoperatively, those living alone had lower mean PCS and MCS, but were more likely to report less pain and symptoms in the surgical joint. Unadjusted analyses of mean change over time found less improvement in PCS for those living alone compared to those not living alone.

Conclusion: Recognizing differences in social support prior to TJR surgery could inform interventions and potentially influence patient reported outcomes postoperatively.
ҚОРАМОЛЛАРДА ТЕЙЛЕРИОЗ ҚОН ПАРАЗИТАР КАСАЛЛИГИНИ СЕРОЛОГИК  ТЕКШИРИШ ТАҲЛИЛИ.
Creators: name: Абдурасулов, Ш.А.
name: Маматқулов, А.Ш.
name: Амиров, А.И.
name: Сафаров, М.М.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Қорамоллар пираплазмидозлари ва унинг таркибига кирувчи тейлериоз қон паразитар касллигига ташхис қўйишда комплекс чора-тадбирлар тадқиқотлар амалга оширилади. Жумладан касалликга бўлган эпизоотологик холат, касаллик клиник кўрсаткичлари, микроскопик тадқиқотлар, қон ҳамда регионар лимфатик тугунлар суртмалари ва патологоанотомик ўзгаришлар шулар жумласига киради.
Direct detection of pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone dark matter in a two Higgs doublet plus singlet extension of the SM
Creators: name: Biekötter, Thomas
name: Gabriel, Pedro
name: Olea-Romacho, María Olalla
name: Santos, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the leading radiative corrections to the dark-matter-nucleon scattering in the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone dark matter model augmented with a second Higgs doublet (S2HDM). In this model, the cross sections for the scattering of the dark-matter on nuclei vanishes at tree-level in the limit of zero momentum-transfer due to a U(1) symmetry. However, this symmetry is softly broken in order to give a mass to the dark-matter particle. As a consequence, non-vanishing scattering cross sections arise at the loop level. We find that the current cross-section limits from dark-matter direct-detection experiments can hardly constrain the parameter space of the S2HDM. However, the loop-corrected predictions for the scattering cross sections can be well within the reach of future direct-detection experiments. As a consequence, future phenomenological analyses of the S2HDM should take into account cross-section predictions beyond tree-level and the experimental constraints from dark-matter direct-detection experiments.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures, v2: matches published version
Quantum Hall Effect on the Grassmannians $\mathbf{Gr}_2(\mathbb{C}^N)$
Creators: name: Balli, F.
name: Behtash, A.
name: Kurkcuoglu, S.
name: Unal, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Hall Effects (QHEs) on the complex Grassmann manifolds $\mathbf{Gr}_2(\mathbb{C}^N)$ are formulated. We set up the Landau problem in $\mathbf{Gr}_2(\mathbb{C}^N)$ and solve it using group theoretical techniques and provide the energy spectrum and the eigenstates in terms of the $SU(N)$ Wigner ${\cal D}$-functions for charged particles on $\mathbf{Gr}_2(\mathbb{C}^N)$ under the influence of abelian and non-abelian background magnetic monopoles or a combination of these thereof. In particular, for the simplest case of $\mathbf{Gr}_2(\mathbb{C}^4)$ we explicitly write down the $U(1)$ background gauge field as well as the single and many-particle eigenstates by introducing the Plücker coordinates and show by calculating the two-point correlation function that the Lowest Landau Level (LLL) at filling factor $ν=1$ forms an incompressible fluid. Our results are in agreement with the previous results in the literature for QHE on ${\mathbb C}P^N$ and generalize them to all $\mathbf{Gr}_2(\mathbb{C}^N)$ in a suitable manner. Finally, we heuristically identify a relation between the $U(1)$ Hall effect on $\mathbf{Gr}_2(\mathbb{C}^4)$ and the Hall effect on the odd sphere $S^5$, which is yet to be investigated in detail, by appealing to the already known analogous relations between the Hall effects on ${\mathbb C}P^3$ and ${\mathbb C}P^7$ and those on the spheres $S^4$ and $S^8$, respectively.
description: 34 pages, revtex 4-1, Minor Corrections
title: Modulation of Severity of RPGR-associated Retinal Degeneration in Mice due to Mutations in RPGR-interacting Proteins
Creators: name: Li, Linjing
name: Kollu, Nageswara Rao
name: Ronquillo, Cecinio C.
name: Baehr, Wolfgang
name: Khanna, Hemant
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Purpose: In humans, over 80% of X- linked retinitis pigementosa (XLRP) is caused by mutations in RPGR. RPGR associated disease is clinically heterogeneous, indicating involvement of genes that can influence the associated phenotype. RPGR is known to interact with selected ciliary proteins including CEP290, RPGRIP1, NPHP1, NPHP4 and NPHP5. The purpose of this study is to assess the contribution of these RPGR-interacting proteins on the severity of RPGR-associated retinal degeneration in Rpgrko mice.

Methods: Rpgrko female mice were bred with male Cep290rd16/rd16, Nphp1-/-, Nphp4nmf192, Nphp5-/-, Rpgrip1-/-. Males from F1 generation with genotype RpgrKO/Cep290+/rd16, Rpgrko/Nphp1+/-, Rpgrko/Nphp4nmf192/+, Rpgrko/Nphp5+/-, Rpgrko/Rpgrip1+/- were selected for further analysis. Structural and function studies were performed using Histology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunofluorescence staining, and Electroretinopgraphy (ERG).

Results: The Rpgrko mice exhibit degeneration of retina and relatively mild decrease in cone and rod function by 6 months of age. Our analysis of double mutant mice revealed that Rpgrko/Cep290+/rd16 exhibit accelerated retinal degeneration as compared to Rpgrko mice. TEM analysis of Rpgrko/Cep290+/rd16 retina showed vesicle accumulation at the base of the outer segments of photoreceptors, which were not detected in the Rpgrko mice. We also detected decreased cone-specific staining of M-opsin. No significant effect on the retina was observed in RpgrKO/Nphp1+/-, RpgrKO/Nphp4nmf192/+, Rpgrko/Nphp5+/-, Rpgrko/Rpgrip1+/- (n=3) mice up to 6 months of age, as compared to Rpgrko.

Conclusions: Our studies suggest that mutations in CEP290 can potentially influence the severity of retinal phenotype due to mutations in RPGR. Further studies are in progress to assess the influence of additional RPGR-interacting proteins on RPGR-disease.
Rényi entanglement entropy after a quantum quench starting from insulating states in a free boson system
Creators: name: Kagamihara, Daichi
name: Kaneko, Ryui
name: Yamashika, Shion
name: Sugiyama, Kota
name: Yoshii, Ryosuke
name: Tsuchiya, Shunji
name: Danshita, Ippei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the time-dependent Rényi entanglement entropy after a quantum quench starting from the Mott-insulating and charge-density-wave states in a one-dimensional free boson system. The second Rényi entanglement entropy is found to be the negative of the logarithm of the permanent of a matrix consisting of time-dependent single-particle correlation functions. From this relation and a permanent inequality, we obtain rigorous conditions for satisfying the volume-law entanglement growth. We also succeed in calculating the time evolution of the Rényi entanglement entropy in unprecedentedly large systems by brute-force computations of the permanent. We discuss possible applications of our findings to the real-time dynamics of noninteracting bosonic systems.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures. The authors Daichi Kagamihara and Ryui Kaneko contributed equally to this work
Having your Privacy Cake and Eating it Too: Platform-supported Auditing of Social Media Algorithms for Public Interest
Creators: name: Imana, Basileal
name: Korolova, Aleksandra
name: Heidemann, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Social media platforms curate access to information and opportunities, and so play a critical role in shaping public discourse today. The opaque nature of the algorithms these platforms use to curate content raises societal questions. Prior studies have used black-box methods to show that these algorithms can lead to biased or discriminatory outcomes. However, existing auditing methods face fundamental limitations because they function independent of the platforms. Concerns of potential harm have prompted proposal of legislation in both the U.S. and the E.U. to mandate a new form of auditing where vetted external researchers get privileged access to social media platforms. Unfortunately, to date there have been no concrete technical proposals to provide such auditing, because auditing at scale risks disclosure of users' private data and platforms' proprietary algorithms. We propose a new method for platform-supported auditing that can meet the goals of the proposed legislation. Our first contribution is to enumerate the challenges of existing auditing methods to implement these policies at scale. Second, we suggest that limited, privileged access to relevance estimators is the key to enabling generalizable platform-supported auditing by external researchers. Third, we show platform-supported auditing need not risk user privacy nor disclosure of platforms' business interests by proposing an auditing framework that protects against these risks. For a particular fairness metric, we show that ensuring privacy imposes only a small constant factor increase (6.34x as an upper bound, and 4x for typical parameters) in the number of samples required for accurate auditing. Our technical contributions, combined with ongoing legal and policy efforts, can enable public oversight into how social media platforms affect individuals and society by moving past the privacy-vs-transparency hurdle.
Galois groups of Fermat polynomials and the arithmetic groups of Diophantine curves
Creators: name: Oyadare, Olufemi O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G15, 11Y40, 11Rxx, 14Kxx

description: This paper develops a framework of algebra whereby every Diophantine equation is made quickly accessible by a study of the corresponding row entries in an array of numbers which we call the Newtonian triangles. We then apply this framework to the understandimg of the Fermat's Last Theorem and discuss some of its direct consequences.
description: 16 pages
title: Does Functional Gain and Pain Relief After TKR and THR Differ by Patient Obese Status?
Creators: name: Li, Wenjun
name: Lange, Jeffrey
name: Harrold, Leslie R.
name: Allison, Jeroan J.
name: Lewis, Courtland
name: Bowen, Thomas
name: Ayers, David C.
name: Franklin, Patricia D.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Introduction: Obesity is an important predictor of functional status and pain after total knee (TKR) and total hip (THR) replacement. However, variations in pre-post TKR and THR changes in function and pain by obesity status remain to be examined.

Material & Methods: Pre- and 6 month post surgery data were collected on 2,964 primary TKR and 2,040 primary THR patients between 5/2011 and 3/2013. Data included demographics, comorbidities, operative joint pain severity based on the Knee Injury or Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS/HOOS), WOMAC pain (higher is better), physical function (SF-36 PCS, higher is better), mental health (SF-36 MCS), and musculoskeletal burden of illness. Pre-post changes in PCS and pain were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results: TKR patients were average 67 years, 61% women, 93% whites, 13% under or normal weight, 33% overweight, 29% obese, 15% severely obese, 9% morbidly obese. Greater level of obesity was associated with lower PCS at baseline and 6 month, lower pain scores at baseline but larger improvement post-op. Pre to-6 month PCS did not differ by obesity status. At 6 months morbidly obese patients had slightly lower/worse pain score. THR patients were average 65 years, 62% women, 95% whites, 27% under/normal weight, 38% overweight, 23% obese, 9% severely obese, 4% morbidly obese. Greater level of obesity was associated with lower PCS at baseline and 6 month, poorer baseline pain score but larger improvement post-op. Mean changes in pre-to-6 month PCS did not differ by obesity status.

Conclusion: At 6 months after TKR, severely obese patients (BMI>35) reported improvements in both pain and function equal to or greater than patients with BMI35 had lower mean functional gain than those with BMI<35. All patients reported excellent pain relief.
title: Creating Store and Community-Level Feedback Reports for Food Establishments to Support Nutrition Environment Improvement
Creators: name: Li, Wenjun
name: Kane, Kevin
name: Guo, Ning
name: Andrews, Bonnie
name: Pinzon-Marquardt, Andrea
name: Kang, Hyung-joo
name: Patil, Vijayalakshmi
name: Olendzki, Barbara C.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: INTRODUCTION. The availability of healthy options in food stores is important to healthy eating and obesity prevention. The Health Statistics and Geography Lab at UMass Medical School is conducting longitudinal surveys to determine the availability of healthy food in food stores throughout the state of Massachusetts as part the Community Transformation Grant and Mass in Motion initiatives. Providing feedback to store proprietors and managers as well as community workers is an important component to support community environmental interventions.

METHODS. The Community Nutrition Environment Evaluation Data System (C-NEEDS) was developed for food environment surveillance. C-NEEDS takes into account seasonal and geographic variations in food supplies, cultural relevance, and USDA dietary recommendations. Since May 2012, nearly 1300 food stores throughout Massachusetts have been surveyed and analyzed. Healthy Food Availability Index (HFAI) is calculated for each store (range: 0 to 56), with a higher score indicating greater availability of healthy items.

REPORTS. Store-level reports are provided to proprietors and managers of individual food stores in conjunction with community workers. The reports provide HFAI scores for the store for the current year, previous year(s), if available, comparing to the average scores of similar stores within the same community. Community workers and proprietors of food stores can use the store-level reports to determine areas of need and appropriate intervention methodology. Community-level feedback reports provide information on average scores, by store type, for their community as well as for communities of similar size and socio-demographic status. They can be used to compare community HFAI to comparable communities as well as track change in scores over time.

DISCUSSION. Providing feedback to community workers and food store owners is an essential aspect of community enviornment interventions. The information contained in the C-NEEDS feedback reports provides benchmarks for both store owners and communities to achieve.
title: Severity of Infectious Mononucleosis (IM) Correlates with the Frequency of Crossreactive Influenza A Virus (IAV)-M1 and Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)-BMLF-1-specific CD8 T Cells
Creators: name: Aslan, Nuray
name: Watkin, Levi B.
name: Gil, Anna
name: Luzuriaga, Katherine
name: Selin, Liisa K.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: During EBV-associated IM IAV-specific crossreactive memory T cells are activated and play a role in disease severity. In HLA-A2+ IM patients, influenza M158 (IAV-M1)-specific CD8 memory T cell responses crossreacted with two different EBV lytic epitopes, BMLF1280 (17/29) and BRLF1190 (19/20). Furthermore, 11/22 IM patients demonstrated some intra-viral crossreactivity between EBV-BRLF1 and -BMLF1 responses. Disease severity of IM directly correlated with significantly increased frequencies of crossreactive IAV-M1/EBV-BMLF1, IAV-M1, and EBV-BMLF1 specific CD8 cells, and with mean viral load over the first 5 weeks of infection. Disease severity did not correlate with BRLF1 or M1/BRLF1 crossreactive responses. When severity of IM was scored and patients were assigned to either mild or severe groups, disease severity correlated with specific TCR Vb usage in IAV-M1 population suggesting that TcR selection is driving disease outcome. Consistent with IAV-M1 and EBV-BMLF1 responses driving increased immunopathology was the observation that patients with severe disease had significantly more IAV-M1 and EBV-BMLF1 cells producing IFNg/MIP1-b in response to antigen as compared to patients with mild disease. These results suggest that T cell crossreactivity impacts T cell selection and function and ultimately disease outcome. Insights on these issues are important for the intelligent design of vaccines and to develop therapeutic interventions for virally induced disease (NIHAI49320).
Viscous Generalized Chaplygin Gas as a Unified Dark Fluid: Including Perturbation of Bulk Viscosity
Creators: name: Li, Wei
name: Xu, Lixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we continue our previous work of studying viscous generalized Chaplygin gas (VGCG) as a unified dark fluid but including the bulk viscosity perturbation. By using the currently available cosmic observational data from SNLS3, BAO, HST and recently released Planck, we gain the constraint on bulk viscosity coefficient: $ζ_0=0.0000138_{- 0.0000105- 0.0000138- 0.0000138}^{+ 0.00000614+ 0.0000145+ 0.0000212}$ in $1, 2, 3σ$ regions respectively via Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. The result shows that when considering perturbation of bulk viscosity, the currently cosmic observations favor a smaller bulk viscosity coefficient.
Microscopic Theory of Adsorption Kinetics
Creators: name: Scher, Yuval
name: Bonomo, Ofek Lauber
name: Pal, Arnab
name: Reuveni, Shlomi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adsorption is the accumulation of a solute at an interface that is formed between a solution and an additional gas, liquid, or solid phase. The macroscopic theory of adsorption dates back more than a century and is now well-established. Yet, despite recent advancements, a detailed and self-contained theory of single-particle adsorption is still lacking. Here, we bridge this gap by developing a microscopic theory of adsorption kinetics, from which the macroscopic properties follow directly. One of our central achievements is the derivation of the microsopic version of the seminal Ward-Tordai relation which connects the surface and subsurface adsorbate concentrations via a universal equation that holds for arbitrary adsorption dynamics. Furthermore, we present a microscopic interpretation of the Ward-Tordai relation which, in turn, allows us to generalize it to arbitrary dimension, geometry and initial conditions. The power of our approach is showcased on a set of hitherto unsolved adsorption problems to which we present exact analytical solutions. The framework developed herein sheds fresh light on the fundamentals of adsorption kinetics, which opens new research avenues in surface science with applications to artificial and biological sensing and to the design of nano-scale devices.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures
title: Risk of Recurrent Falls after Indoor and Outdoor Falls in the Elderly
Creators: name: Li, Wenjun
name: Kang, Hyung-Joo
name: Procter-Gray, Elizabeth
name: Hannan, Marian T.
name: Lipsitz, Lewis A.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Background: Falls are the most common and serious health problems of the elderly. The primary goal of the study is to determine whether risk for recurrent indoor and outdoor falls differ by type of previous falls and by gender.

Method: We analyzed data on falls collected in the MOBILIZE Boston prospective cohort study of community-dwelling women and men aged 65 years or older. The participants were followed for up to 4.3 years (median=2.3y). Logistic regression models, clustered by participant, were performed to estimate the probability of a subsequent indoor or outdoor fall after any fall, indoor fall, and outdoor fall. Natural log transformed time since the most recent any fall, time since the most recent indoor fall, and time since the most recent outdoor fall were used to predict probabilities of a subsequent fall of each type.

Result: Among 502 participants who reported at least one fall during the follow-up, 330 had at least one reccurent fall during the follow-up period. Men and women differed in their tendencies to fall recurrently as well as in their response to an outdoor fall. Median time to the recurrent any fall since the most recent any fall was 9 weeks (IQR=22) for men and 17 weeks (IQR=30) for women [p= <0.001]. After an outdoor fall, women displayed no change in their risk of an indoor fall, but men had an immediately higher risk for an indoor fall [p=0.003]

Conclusion: Falls, especially outdoor falls, may have different implications for the subsequent fall risks of men vs. women. Further study should examine whether outdoor falls may be an indicator of robustness for elderly women but for frailty in elderly men.
Three-Dimensional Organic Microlasers with Low Lasing Thresholds Fabricated by Multiphoton Lithography
Creators: name: Chen, Vincent W.
name: Sobeshchuk, Nina
name: Lafargue, Clement
name: Mansfield, Eric S.
name: Yom, Jeannie
name: Johnstone, Luke
name: Hales, Joel M.
name: Bittner, Stefan
name: Charpignon, Severin
name: Ulbricht, David
name: Lautru, Joseph
name: Denisyuk, Igor
name: Zyss, Joseph
name: Perry, Joseph W.
name: Lebental, Melanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cuboid-shaped organic microcavities containing a pyrromethene laser dye and supported upon a photonic crystal have been investigated as an approach to reducing the lasing threshold of the cavities. Multiphoton lithography facilitated fabrication of the cuboid cavities directly on the substrate or on the decoupling structure, while similar structures were fabricated on the substrate by UV lithography for comparison. Significant reduction of the lasing threshold by a factor of ~30 has been observed for cavities supported by the photonic crystal relative to those fabricated on the substrate. The lasing mode spectra of the cuboid microresonators provide strong evidence showing that the lasing modes are localized in the horizontal plane, with the shape of an inscribed diamond.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, 25 references
Kill Chaos with Kindness: Agreeableness Improves Team Performance Under Uncertainty
Creators: name: Lim, Soo Ling
name: Bentley, Peter J.
name: Peterson, Randall S.
name: Hu, Xiaoran
name: McLaren, JoEllyn Prouty
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.8; I.2.11; I.6
subject: 68T42, 68W50

description: Teams are central to human accomplishment. Over the past half-century, psychologists have identified the Big-Five cross-culturally valid personality variables: Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness. The first four have shown consistent relationships with team performance. Agreeableness (being harmonious, altruistic, humble, and cooperative), however, has demonstrated a non-significant and highly variable relationship with team performance. We resolve this inconsistency through computational modelling. An agent-based model (ABM) is used to predict the effects of personality traits on teamwork and a genetic algorithm is then used to explore the limits of the ABM in order to discover which traits correlate with best and worst performing teams for a problem with different levels of uncertainty (noise). New dependencies revealed by the exploration are corroborated by analyzing previously-unseen data from one the largest datasets on team performance to date comprising 3,698 individuals in 593 teams working on more than 5,000 group tasks with and without uncertainty, collected over a 10-year period. Our finding is that the dependency between team performance and Agreeableness is moderated by task uncertainty. Combining evolutionary computation with ABMs in this way provides a new methodology for the scientific investigation of teamwork, making new predictions, and improving our understanding of human behaviors. Our results confirm the potential usefulness of computer modelling for developing theory, as well as shedding light on the future of teams as work environments are becoming increasingly fluid and uncertain.
description: Final version (open access) as published in journal
Analysis of an extended scalar sector with $S_3$ symmetry
Creators: name: Das, Dipankar
name: Dey, Ujjal Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the scalar potential of a general $S_3$-symmetric three-Higgs-doublet model. The outcome of our analysis does not depend on the fermionic sector of the model. We identify a decoupling limit for the scalar spectrum of this scenario. In view of the recent LHC Higgs data, we show our numerical results only in the decoupling limit. Unitarity and stability of the scalar potential demand that many new scalars must be lurking below 1 TeV. We provide numerical predictions for $h\to γγ$ and $h\to Z γ$ signal strengths which can be used to falsify the theory.
description: One Eq. added, minor changes in figures and subsequent texts, version accepted in Phys. Rev. D, appendix included in the arXiv version
Leading from the top
Creators: name: Northey, Kaitlin S.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2018

description: The development of preschool systems and the expansion of leadership roles within these systems is evidence of a significant shift in how the early childhood field is being recognized. However, little is known about who is leading preschool system building efforts during this time of unprecedented change, as there is limited empirical research on state early education leaders. This mixed methods study explored three main research questions: Who are state early education leaders and how did they get there? How do state early education leaders describe their work as system leaders? How do state early education leaders define and describe leading at the state level? Quantitative data was gathered using an electronic survey that was distributed to the population of state early education leaders (n=140), resulting in 89 survey respondents. Qualitative methods were then used to better understand the quantitative findings (Remler & van Ryzin, 2011) and gather first-hand accounts (Hardin, 1987) and in-depth descriptions of state ECE leaders’ work and experiences through two semi-structured interviews.   This study’s findings describe the demographics of state early education leaders and used leaders’ experiences working in the field to identify and map the most common pathways into early education leadership. Leaders work included developing and communicating visions for early education in their states and creating policies and systems to unify early childhood services and early education offerings with the K-12 system. However, leaders reported that the fragmentation of early childhood services and the limited authority they were given in their positions meant they could only engage in system building at a superficial level.  Finally, leaders described how working in a female-dominated field and the positioning of early childhood education as “less than” K-12 influenced their behavior as leaders. This study begins to build a more robust research base on state systems leaders and provides important insights into what types of preparation and professional development support these leaders need.
A Comparison of Spatiotemporal Visualizations for 3D Urban Analytics
Creators: name: Mota, Roberta
name: Ferreira, Nivan
name: Silva, Julio Daniel
name: Horga, Marius
name: Lage, Marcos
name: Ceferino, Luis
name: Alim, Usman
name: Sharlin, Ehud
name: Miranda, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent technological innovations have led to an increase in the availability of 3D urban data, such as shadow, noise, solar potential, and earthquake simulations. These spatiotemporal datasets create opportunities for new visualizations to engage experts from different domains to study the dynamic behavior of urban spaces in this under explored dimension. However, designing 3D spatiotemporal urban visualizations is challenging, as it requires visual strategies to support analysis of time-varying data referent to the city geometry. Although different visual strategies have been used in 3D urban visual analytics, the question of how effective these visual designs are at supporting spatiotemporal analysis on building surfaces remains open. To investigate this, in this paper we first contribute a series of analytical tasks elicited after interviews with practitioners from three urban domains. We also contribute a quantitative user study comparing the effectiveness of four representative visual designs used to visualize 3D spatiotemporal urban data: spatial juxtaposition, temporal juxtaposition, linked view, and embedded view. Participants performed a series of tasks that required them to identify extreme values on building surfaces over time. Tasks varied in granularity for both space and time dimensions. Our results demonstrate that participants were more accurate using plot-based visualizations (linked view, embedded view) but faster using color-coded visualizations (spatial juxtaposition, temporal juxtaposition). Our results also show that, with increasing task complexity, plot-based visualizations perform better in preserving efficiency (time, accuracy) compared to color-coded visualizations. Based on our findings, we present a set of takeaways with design recommendations for 3D spatiotemporal urban visualizations for researchers and practitioners.
description: Accepted at IEEE VIS 2022. Video: https://youtu.be/3TBx-njP_sU
title: Racial Disparities in Emergency Department Mortality and Departure Status among Trauma Patients in Massachusetts
Creators: name: Li, Wenjun
name: Hackman, Holly
name: Hobbs, Sylvia
name: Simpson May, Georgia
name: Romm, Iyah
name: Kang, Hyung-joo
name: Mouradian, Vera E.
name: Emhoff, Timothy A.
name: Alam, Hasan
name: Burstein, John
name: Rogers, Selwyn
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Background: Understanding racial inequities in emergency medical care for traumatic injuries is important to policy considerations.

Methods: We analyzed data on the first emergency department (ED) visit for trauma treatment among patients in the Massachusetts (MA) Statewide Trauma Registry. This Registry collects information on all trauma patients who die in the ED, or are dead on arrival, or who are transferred between hospitals in MA. This analysis included ED visits among MA residents aged 15 years and older from 2008 through 2010. Those who died on arrival were excluded. Patients were grouped as non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, Asian, and other or unknown races. We compared injury severity, departure status and ED mortality among the 5 groups while adjusting for severity, sex and age.

Results: The 27,453 patients averaged 57.3 years of age, and included 44.9% women, 83.4% whites, 5.4% blacks, 6.8% Hispanics, 1.3% Asians, and 3.1% other or unknown races. In total, 534 (1.95%) died in ED. There was no clinically significant difference in injury severity among race groups. Compared to whites, blacks and other race group had higher mortality (OR=1.62, p=0.006 and OR=2.30, p<0.001, respectively). Among survivors, blacks and Hispanics were more likely to leave against medical advice (AMA) or elope (OR=2.88, p<0.001 and OR=1.67, p=0.05, respectively) and less likely to be transferred to another care unit (OR=0.77, p<0.01 and OR=0.84, p=0.001, respectively). Blacks were less likely to have a within hospital referral (OR=0.23, p<0.001).

Conclusions: Substantial racial disparities in ED mortality and departure status were observed among MA trauma patients. Determinants of the disparities are under investigation in an ongoing study funded by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities.
REFLECTING INFORMATION COMPETENCE: EXPLORING PHILOSOPHICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL-PEDAGOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
Creators: name: Otajonov, Jamshidbek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In the rapidly evolving landscape of the digital age, the acquisition and utilization of information have become fundamental aspects of modern society. Information competence, encompassing the ability to locate, evaluate, and apply information effectively, is recognized as a critical skillset for individuals navigating this information-rich environment.
Spin conductance in SNN junctions with non-centrosymmetric superconductors
Creators: name: Kokkeler, Tim
name: Tanaka, Yukio
name: Golubov, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An SNN-junction in which the superconducting potential is a mixture between s-wave and p-wave potentials is investigated using the Usadel equation equipped with Tanaka-Nazarov boundary conditions. The article provides several ways to distinguish between s + chiral and s + helical p-wave superconductors and a way to determine whether a superconductor has a mixed pair potential. Thus, it is of great importance in the determination of the pair potential of superconductors. It is shown that the different spin sectors satisfy independent equations and can thus be calculated separately even if the d-vector depends on the direction of momentum. This greatly simplifies the equations to be solved. It was found that a difference in conductance for sectors with opposite spins arises if both an s-wave and a p-wave component is present, even in the absence of a magnetic field. The results are confirmed by calculations in the ballistic regime. It is shown that the spin conductance for s + chiral p-wave and s + helical p-wave junctions is qualitatively similar. A setup containing two SN junctions is shown to give a clear difference between the two types of superconductivity.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Three essays in the theory of preferences
Creators: name: Nosratabadi, Seyed Hassan
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2018

description: This dissertation consists of three chapters. The first chapter addresses the classical questions of utility representation and maximization. It relaxes the notion of weak upper continuity(Campbell and Walker) to obtain a property called partial weak upper continuity and shows that both maximization of preferences and representation by a utility function can be achieved under this new property.The rest of this dissertation focuses on extending revealed preference theory to accommodate behavioral anomalies observed in the experimental data. In particular, I offer a framework to expand the theory of revealed preferences to the case where a DM's choice is not completely identified with a single preferences. In Chapter 2, I use a divide and conquer procedure in order to expand the revealed preference theory to accommodate behavioral anomalies such as attraction effect, compromise effect, and reverse dominance effect. These effects are induced when a third alternative is used as a "decoy" to change the relative ranking from a pair. Therefore, they could be rationalized using the notion of referenced preferences: that is, when the pairwise preference between a pair of alternatives is referenced when a third alternative. I model such behavior as a partially rational inductive divide and conquer procedure where the deviation from WARP only take place on tripletons where references operate. Keeping the rational choice axioms on sets with higher cardinalities retains the predictive power in the classical theory to the extent possible. In order to do this, I assume a DM only drops reference elements when facing more than one such elements in a set. I show that under this particular division rule the choice is characterized via simple majority rule over the collection of referenced preference. In Chapter 3, I consider a variation of the results in Chapter 2 where in dividing a set of alternative in an inductive manner, the DM considers all possible first-diminished subsets. I show that such division rule results in a more sophisticated behavior than the simple majority rule. Here the DM uses here referenced preferences over the pairwise preference in a consecutive manner to squeeze the choice problem. This, indeed is an extension of the rational short-list method in Manzini and Mariotti (2007) with three preference. The distinction, however, is that the method is enogenized in this set up.