Eumanota wolffae Amorim & Oliveira & Henao-sepúlveda 2018, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Amorim, Dalton S.
name: Oliveira, Sarah S.
name: Henao-sepúlveda, Andrea C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Mycetophilidae
Eumanota
Eumanota wolffae

description: Eumanota wolffae, sp. nov.   Figures 1–5  
Zoobank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: 61CC009E-0407-48FD-8E10-D7B06CAB80A2.  
 MATERIAL EXAMINED: Holotype male, Colombia, Antioquia, Yarumal, Vereda El Respaldo, Farm La Maruja, 6°55′ 05″N, 75°24′48″W, Malaise trap, Bosque, 2,300 m, 15.Dec.2016, C.H.- Sepúlveda and J. Medina cols. (CEUA) (in ethanol). Paratypes. 1 male, same data as for holotype (CEUA); 1 female, Colombia, Antioquia, Envigado, Loma del Escobero, Parcelación Nubarrones, 6°13′97″N, 75°55′54″W, Malaise trap, Bosque, 29.Jan.–11.Feb.2017, M. Wolff and C. H. - Sepúlveda cols. (CEUA) (in ethanol); 1 male, Colombia, Antioquia, Envigado, Loma del Escobero, Parcelación Nubarrones, 06°08′23″N, 75°33′14″W, Malaise trap, Bosque, 25.Sept.–01. Oct.2017, M. Wolff and C. H-Sepúlveda cols. (MZUSP) (on a slide-mount).   
DIAGNOSIS. Maculation on distal third of wing and over distal part of CuA (fig. 2E). Body mostly brown, with light brown to cream areas on sides of scutum, anterior half of thoracic pleura, coxae, and sternites 1–6. Female terminalia with two-segmented cercus (fig. 5A, B). Each gonocoxite with two distal projections, one lateral and one ventral, distal lateral projection with a megaseta on inner face; gonostylus small, well sclerotized, slightly asymmetric, tapering to apex, with an irregular indentation near tip, and a pair of straight megasetae on ventral face; gonocoxal bridge with setae; T9 with a pair of well-developed megasetae on inner face, tergite 9 elongate trapezoid; cercus projecting from distal margin of tergite 9 (figs. 3A, 4C).  
DESCRIPTION. Male: Wing length, 3.2 mm. Head (fig. 1A–D). Frons, face, and clypeus whitish yellow, occiput whitish yellow ventrally, darker toward vertex, dark brown at area of ocelli. Antennal scape and pedicel whitish yellow, flagellum light brownish yellow on first three flagellomeres, light brown on more distal flagellomeres. A crown of 8–10 black, long postocular bristles at each side around eyes. Midocellus present, about half the width of lateral ocelli, ocelli in line, lateral ocelli closer to eye margin than its own width. No eye bridge, ommatotrichia present. Antennal scape and pedicel with a row of distal short, brown setae; first flagellomere 1.6× longer than wide, no black or stronger setae on any flagellomere. Fronto-clypeus 2.8× higher than wide, densely covered with blackish short setae, setation longer along ventral margin. Labella quite elongate, whitish yellow. Maxillary palpus with a small basal palpomere (either palpomere 1+2 or palpomere 2), palpomere 3 well developed, brownish, projecting over base of palpomere 4, a large, rounded sensory pit on inner basal fifth of palpomere; palpomere 4 whitish, distal two-thirds wider than basal third; palpomere 5 whitish, about 4× longer than palpomere 4.  
Thorax (fig. 2A–C): Scutum largely brown, with a pair of whitish-yellowish bands along lateral margins. Scutellum brown dorsally, whitish-yellow along posterior margin. Basisternum well developed, shieldlike, with some lateral setae. Antepronotum, postpronotum, prosternum, and proepisternum whitish, proepimeron, dorsal part of anepisternum and of mesepimeron, metepisternum, and metepimeron light brownish yellow; ventral end of anepisternum, katepisternum, and ventral part of mesepimeron yellowish brown; laterotergite and mediotergite light brown. Scutum with a regular row of moderately strong dorsocentrals, besides a very irregular row of long black supraalars, and a few prescutellars; no defined acrosticals. Anterior parapsidal suture short but well marked, ending outside row of dorsocentrals. Antepronotum and proepisternum with long, black setae; anepisternum with scattered short, brownish setae and a pair of longer setae on dorsoposterior margin; laterotergite with about 18 long, brownish setae; katepisternum, mesepimeron, metepisternum, and mediotergite bare. Mesepimeron not reaching ventral margin of thorax.  
Legs: Foretibia with an anteroapical depression furred with setulae, no regular comb of setae. Front coxa whitish yellow, mid- and hind coxae light brownish yellow, with darker longitudinal areas. Front femur, tibia, and tarsus light brown; mid femur, tibia, and tarsus light yellowish brown, femur with a darker area ventrobasally, tarsus darker to apex; hind femur mostly light brown, lighter dorsodistally, tibia light brownish yellow, tarsus light brown. Front coxa entirely covered with short setae on anterior and lateral faces. Tibial spurs 1:2:2, mid and hind tibial spurs of about same length, about 3.8× longer than width of tibial apex. Tarsal claws with a long basal tooth.  
 Wing (fig. 2D–E): Membrane quite translucent on basal 3/5, distal 2/5 grayish brown, distal end of CuA also with a grayish-brown area, as well as membrane around M 1+2 and distal end of r-m. Entire membrane densely covered with macrotrichia. All anterior and posterior veins with dorsal setae, including Sc, except for first sector of Rs. Sc clearly ending in bR. Rs originating at 0.6× wing length, transverse. R 1 quite long, about 1.4× r-m length, R 5 curved posteriorly on distal fourth, joining C in an acute angle, C extending beyond R 5, almost reaching M 1; r-m quite longitudinal, elongate, about 2.5× M 1+2 length, anterior end of r-m apart from bR, hence br cell much wider medially; bM long, 1.7× r-m length, originating at level of h, very close to wing base; M 1+2 weakly sclerotized, short, 2× length of first sector of Rs; basal tenth of M 1 dark, with setae, but not fully sclerotized as a vein; M 2 slightly curved anteriorly on basal third, with a quite unique shape; M 4 originating close to wing base, actually disconnected from other veins (with a very faint connection to CuA at base), with a gradual, discrete posterior curve along its length, with a slightly stronger curve at tip; CuA well sclerotized, with a stronger curve before level of proximal tip of r-m; CuP slightly sclerotized on basal half, entirely absent on distal half; no trace of A 1.   
Abdomen: Tergite 1 dark brown, tergites 2–5 dark brown with some yellowish-brown basal areas, tergite 6 brown; sternites 1–6 yellowish; segments 7 and 8 brown. Tergite 8 slender, wide, extending laterally toward ventral side of abdomen, sternite 8 triangular and elongate, with seven distal setae.  
Terminalia (figs. 3A, B, 4A–D): Terminalia slightly elongate, gonocoxites (gc) at least 2× as long as wide, mesial fusion reaching distal margin with no suture, mediodistally with a short posterior incision with indented margin; distal end of gonocoxites with a distal lateral projection (glp) extending beyond insertion of gonostylus (gs) and an additional more mesial oblique projection (gmp) as long as lateral ones; gonocoxites with a large modified seta directed inward (gci) at inner face of tip of each lateral projection, besides a regular, elongate distal seta at tip of external face of lateral projection (gcd) and additional shorter setae on external face. Gonostylus well sclerotized, slightly asymmetrical, shorter than gonocoxite projections, displaced to a quite dorsal position at terminalia, bearing two long, strong straight setae at ventral face, distal end with irregular indentation. Aedeagus (ae) present as a long, straight, well-sclerotized medial sclerite with two pairs of distal lateral projections and an additional medial projection bearing gonopore at tip, aedeagal apodeme (aap) reaching anterior end of terminalia; paramere (pa) with a pair of anterior apodemes, each with a short lateral, curved extension (pap), medially fused on distal half dorsal to aedeagus, with a slightly asymmetrical pair of distal projections curved outward extending beyond tip of aedeagus, and a pair of short, well-sclerotized elongate projections adjacent to aedeagus. Tergite 9 (T9) trapezoid, elongate, wider at base than distally, with curved distal margin, bearing at inner face a pair of distal, long, differentiated setae (T9s). Gonocoxal bridge (gcb) with setae at its distal and inner margins, gonocoxal apodemes elongate, close together anteriorly. Cerci (ce) projecting beyond distal margin of tergite 9, covered with elongate setae and elongate microtrichia, sternite 10 (S10) quite well developed, triangular, with long, straight setae.  
Female (paratype): As male, except as follows. Wing: Length, 3.5 mm. Thorax: Pleural sclerites light brown. Abdomen: Segments light brown, segments 2–5 with yellowish-brown areas, all tergites and sternites setose. Tergite 7 much wider than long, sternite 7 slightly projected medially over base of tergite 8. Terminalia (fig. 5A, B): Sternite 8 elongate, with a pair of wide bare, basal lobes, each with a short distal projection with some few dark setae. Tergite 8 wide, short, with a row of setae along posterior margin, a laterodistal lobe quite ventrally bearing some few setae. Tergite 9 extending posteriorly at each lateral end, with some few setae. Tergite 10 short, slightly projected laterally, with some few, weaker setae. Sternite 10 elongate, wider at base, with rounded tip, covered with setae. First segment of cercus longer than second; second segment lobose, wider than long, apically rounded, setose.  
ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet is named to honor of Marta Wolff, one of Colombia’s outstanding woman scientists, who has dedicated her career to the knowledge of the insect fauna of Colombia, particularly fly diversity. She also coordinates the larger project studying the Diptera fauna of the high Andean forests of Colombia, including the paramos, and took part in the hard fieldwork underlying the project.  
 BIOLOGY: The project on the high Andean forests includes collecting fungi for to rear adult mycetophilids in the lab. Adults of E. wolffae, however, have so far not been obtained from fungi. There is no information, hence, on the biology of this species except the kind of environment in which they were collected, the high Andean forests on Colombia (fig. 6).   
 COMMENTS: Males and females of E. wolffae are identical to each other in general body color, including the wing pattern. The male terminalia of E. wolffae is very complex, and has some distinctive features compared to the Oriental/Australasian species of Eumanota. The gonocoxites are fused all the way to the distal margin of the syngonocoxites, with no medial suture except for a short, irregular distal incision (fig. 3A). The gonocoxites ventrally have a pair of more mesal projections at the distal margin and a pair of distal lateral projections both extending beyond the base of the gonostylus (fig. 4A, C). Each lateral projection of the gonocoxite bears a single, very distinctive distal megaseta on the inner face (figs. 3A, B, 4C), unique in the genus. The aedeagus is complex, with a long, straight apodeme that almost reaches the anterior end of the terminalia and a medial tubular distal structure bearing a terminal opening (figs. 3A, 4A, B). The parameres have a pair of typical distal outward projections (figs. 3A, 4B). The general shape of tergite 9 (fig. 4B, D) is very similar to that found in the Oriental species, but there is a pair of strong setae at the inner face of tergite 9, absent in other species of the genus. The well-sclerotized gonostylus (figs. 3A, B, 4C) has a unique shape, not only due to the two or three distal indentations, but to the pair of strong setae directed ventrally.
description: Published as part of Amorim, Dalton S., Oliveira, Sarah S. & Henao-sepúlveda, Andrea C., 2018, A new species of Eumanota Edwards (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Manotine) from Colombia: evidence for a pseudogondwanan pattern, pp. 1-20 in American Museum Novitates 2018 (3915) on pages 4-10, DOI: 10.1206/3915.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10110698