cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Axion coupling in the hybrid Wannier representation
Creators: name: Varnava, Nicodemos
name: Souza, Ivo
name: Vanderbilt, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many magnetic point-group symmetries induce a topological classification on crystalline insulators, dividing them into those that have a nonzero quantized Chern-Simons magnetoelectric coupling ("axion-odd" or "topological"), and those that do not ("axion-even" or "trivial"). For time-reversal or inversion symmetries, the resulting topological state is usually denoted as a "strong topological insulator" or an "axion insulator" respectively, but many other symmetries can also protect this "axion $Z_2$" index. Topological states are often insightfully characterized by choosing one crystallographic direction of interest, and inspecting the hybrid Wannier (or equivalently, the non-Abelian Wilson-loop) band structure, considered as a function of the two-dimensional Brillouin zone in the orthogonal directions. Here, we systematically classify the axion-quantizing symmetries, and explore the implications of such symmetries on the Wannier band structure. Conversely, we clarify the conditions under which the axion$Z_2$ index can be deduced from the Wannier band structure. In particular, we identify cases in which a counting of Dirac touchings between Wannier bands, or a calculation of the Chern number of certain Wannier bands, or both, allows for a direct determination of the axion $Z_2$ index. We also discuss when such symmetries impose a "flow" on the Wannier bands, such that they are always glued to higher and lower bands by degeneracies somewhere in the projected Brillouin zone, and the related question of when the corresponding surfaces can remain gapped, thus exhibiting a half-quantized surface anomalous Hall conductivity. Our formal arguments are confirmed and illustrated in the context of tight-binding models for several paradigmatic axion-odd symmetries including time reversal, inversion, simple mirror, and glide mirror symmetries.
Women as book producers : the case of Nuremberg
Creators: name: Farrell-Jobst, Jessica Jade
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Z320.6N8F2
subject: Women in the book industries and trade--Germany--Nuremberg
subject: Publishers and publishing--Germany--Nuremberg--History

description: This thesis explores the multifaceted roles in which women participated in the early modern book trade. Focusing on Nuremberg, home to many successful bookwomen, it examines how they crafted work identities and exercised agency in the printing trades, emphasizing the centrality of the family unit. This thesis reveals that not only were women involved in the book trade more frequently than hitherto acknowledged but that their participation was varied and often invisible. Locality is key to understanding the multitude of factors that both promoted and restricted women’s work. The thesis begins by reconstructing the Nuremberg print trade, looking at the local market, censorship, and patron demands that shaped it. These considerations dictated the occupational experiences and business practises of the bookmen and bookwomen working in the trade. Chapter two explores the specific gendered and legal realities women faced while engaged in this trade. Regional marriage customs, inheritance law and guild organizations defined women’s rights to property, work and legal sovereignty. The second half of the thesis presents two case studies. Drawing on a previously unexamined collection of archival sources, the first study explores the sixteenth-century careers of Katherine Gerlachin and Catherine Dietrichin, and how they actively forged work identities separate to that of wife or widow. The second case, from the seventeenth century, inspects the Endter family business, revealing that, even when not listed on imprints, women served crucial roles in larger familial enterprises. Taken together, these chapters demonstrate that women’s work can only be fully revealed by understanding that the early modern book trade was composed of family units in which women operated as vital members. As mother, wife and daughter, women took on the jobs of craftsmen, office managers, business leaders, shareholders, investors, or a combination of these tasks to play major roles in their familial businesses.
unWISE Coadds: The Five-year Data Set
Creators: name: Meisner, A. M.
name: Lang, D.
name: Schlafly, E. F.
name: Schlegel, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present full-sky coadded maps created by uniformly combining the first five years of Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and NEOWISE imaging at 3.4 microns (W1) and 4.6 microns (W2). By incorporating both pre-hibernation WISE exposures from 2010-2011 and the first four years (2013-2017) of post-hibernation exposures from the NEOWISE-Reactivation mission, we are able to provide W1/W2 coadds that span a 15 times longer time baseline and are substantially deeper than the standard AllWISE data products. Our new five-year "full-depth" coadds are now the deepest ever all-sky maps at 3-5 microns, permitting detection of sources ~2 times (~0.7 mag) fainter than AllWISE at 5 sigma significance. We additionally present an updated set of "time-resolved" W1/W2 coadds, which separately stack each of ~10 sky passes at each inertial sky location, enabling motion and variability measurements for faint infrared sources over a long ~7.5 year time baseline. We highlight new processing improvements relative to our previous "unWISE" coadd releases, focusing on astrometric calibration and artifact flagging. The deep WISE stacks presented here are already being used to perform target selection for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), and our full-sky coadded WISE/NEOWISE products will be key precursor data sets for upcoming wide-field infrared missions including SPHEREx and NEOCam.
description: accepted for publication in PASP
Decoherence and quantum trajectories
Creators: name: Brun, Todd A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Decoherence is the process by which quantum systems interact and become correlated with their external environments; quantum trajectories are a powerful technique by which decohering systems can be resolved into stochastic evolutions, conditioned on different possible ``measurements'' of the environment. By calling on recently-developed tools from quantum information theory, we can analyze simplified models of decoherence, explicitly quantifying the flow of information and randomness between the system, the environment, and potential observers.
description: 14 pages, Springer LNP LaTeX macros, 1 figure in encapsulated postscript format. To appear in proceedings of DICE 2002
Cerarchocyrtium Deflandre 1973
Creators: name: Noble, Paula
name: Aitchison, Jonathan C.
name: Danelian, Taniel
name: Dumitrica, Paulian
name: Maletz, Jörg
name: Suzuki, Noritoshi
name: Cuvelier, Jessie
name: Caridroit, Martial
name: O'Dogherty, Luis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Radiozoa
Polycystina
Nassellaria
Archocyrtiidae
Cerarchocyrtium

description: Cerarchocyrtium Deflandre, 1973
 Cerarchocyrtium Deflandre, 1973d: 151.
 TYPE SPECIES. — Cerarchocyrtium ambiguum Deflandre, 1973d (Deflandre 1973d: 151, pl. 1, fig. 9, pl. 4, fig. 1).
AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Visean (Lower Carboniferous), Cabrières, Hérault, Montagne Noire, France.
TAXON CODE. — 220.
STATUS. — Valid.
DIAGNOSIS. — “Céphalis sphérique pourvu de deux cornes et d’un podome à 3 pieds avec un pseudo-thorax plus ou moins développé. Système trabéculaire à 5 trabécules.” (Deflandre 1973d: 151).
DIAGNOSIS (English translation by J. P. Caulet – RadWorld database). — “Spherical cephalis bearing two horns and a podome with three feet and a more or less well-developed pseudo-thorax. Internal spicule with five spines.”
description: Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on pages 472-473, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585
Beauty photoproduction measured using decays into muons in dijet events in ep collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=318 GeV
Creators: name: ZEUS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The photoproduction of beauty quarks in events with two jets and a muon has been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 110 pb$^{- 1}$. The fraction of jets containing b quarks was extracted from the transverse momentum distribution of the muon relative to the closest jet. Differential cross sections for beauty production as a function of the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of the muon, of the associated jet and of $x_γ^{jets}$, the fraction of the photon's momentum participating in the hard process, are compared with MC models and QCD predictions made at next-to-leading order. The latter give a good description of the data.
description: 32 pages, 6 tables, 7 figures Table 6 and Figure 7 revised September 2006
Equations of motion of the mass centers in a scalar theory of gravitation: Expansion in the separation parameter
Creators: name: Arminjon, Mayeul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An asymptotic framework is defined for the small parameter eta which quantifies a good separation between the extended bodies that make a weakly gravitating system. This is introduced within an alternative scalar theory of gravitation, though it may be defined similarly in other theories. This framework allows one to truncate the translational equations of motion at any well-defined order. Here, the post-Newtonian (PN) equations valid in the scalar theory are truncated beyond the order eta^3. The PN approximation scheme used is the asymptotic scheme, that expands all fields. To get the explicit form of the equations of motion for the mass centers, the bodies are assumed spherical, merely for calculating the PN corrections. It is found that, due to the use of the asymptotic PN scheme, the internal structure of the bodies does play a role in the equations of motion.
description: PDF, 15 pages. v3: still a few redactional improvements, 4 references added, former Sect. 2 (previous results) removed, calculations relegated to an Appendix; accepted for publication in the Roman. J. Physics. v2: Some redactional improvements, and former Sect. 7 (point particle limit) removed. The reason for this is given on p. 8, after Eq. (4.6), in the new work gr-qc/0301031, which is entirely devoted to the point particle limit
Cyrtisphaeractenium Deflandre 1972
Creators: name: Noble, Paula
name: Aitchison, Jonathan C.
name: Danelian, Taniel
name: Dumitrica, Paulian
name: Maletz, Jörg
name: Suzuki, Noritoshi
name: Cuvelier, Jessie
name: Caridroit, Martial
name: O'Dogherty, Luis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Radiozoa
Polycystina
Nassellaria
Archocyrtiidae
Cyrtisphaeractenium

description: Cyrtisphaeractenium Deflandre, 1972
 Cyrtisphaeractenium Deflandre, 1972b: 14; 1960: 216 (nomen nudum).
 TYPE SPECIES. — Cyrtisphaeractenium mendax Deflandre, 1960 (Deflandre 1960: 216, pl. 1, fig. 19, nomen nudum); Deflandre 1972a: 3535, pl. 1, fig. 5-11, pl. 2, fig. 4-5, pl. 3, fig. 1-6; 1972b: 15.
AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Visean (Lower Carboniferous), Cabrières, Hérault, Montagne Noire, France.
TAXON CODE. — 222.
STATUS. — Valid.
DIAGNOSIS. — “Céphalis sphérique perforé avec des pores arrondis, largement espacés et peu nombreux, muni de quatre cornes costulées dont l’une est toujours courte et conique et deux autres grandes et non apicales. Ouverture large à bord portant une collerette épaissie, de laquelle partent de longues pointes rapprochées en dents de peigne, avec un podome formé de trois longues cornes tricostulées, droites ou un peu courbées, entre lesquelles subsistent des vestiges souvent très réduits de l’appareil pectiné. Système trabéculaire interne connu seulement par quelques vestiges en tigelles grêles, issues de la base des cornes et franchement dirigées vers le centre.» (Deflandre 1972b: 14).
DIAGNOSIS (English translation by Taniel Danelian). — Cephalis spherical, perforated by rounded pores that are not numerous and well-spaced, bearing four costate horns one of which is always short and conical, the two others are large and not apical. The opening is large and bears a thick collar, from which long spikes extend, they are brought together in the form of brush, with a podome that is formed by three long tri-bladed horns, which are straight or slightly curved, through which exist the remains of a pectinate (parallel-ridged) apparatus. The internal spicular (trabecular) system is known only from some remains with slender stalks extending from the base of the horns and truly directed towards the center.
ABRIDGED DESCRIPTION (translated from Deflandre [1972b] by J. P. Caulet). — See also Holdsworth (1973).
description: Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 473, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585
The nature of mean-field generation in three classes of optimal dynamos
Creators: name: Brandenburg, Axel
name: Chen, Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, several optimal dynamos have been discovered. They minimize the magnetic energy dissipation or, equivalently, maximize the growth rate at a fixed magnetic Reynolds number. In the optimal dynamo of Willis (2012, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 251101), we find mean-field dynamo action for planar averages. One component of the magnetic field grows exponentially while the other decays in an oscillatory fashion near onset. This behavior is different from that of an alpha^2 dynamo, where the two non-vanishing components of the planar averages are coupled and have the same growth rate. For the Willis dynamo, we find that the mean field is excited by a negative turbulent magnetic diffusivity, which has a non-uniform spatial profile near onset. The temporal oscillations in the decaying component are caused by the corresponding component of the diffusivity tensor being complex when the mean field is decaying and, in this way, time-dependent. The growing mean field can be modeled by a negative magnetic diffusivity combined with a positive magnetic hyperdiffusivity. In two other classes of optimal dynamos of Chen et al. (2015, J. Fluid Mech. 783, 23), we find, to some extent, similar mean-field dynamo actions. When the magnetic boundary conditions are mixed, the two components of the planar averaged field grow at different rates when the dynamo is 15% supercritical. When the mean magnetic field satisfies homogeneous boundary conditions (where the magnetic field is tangential to the boundary), mean-field dynamo action is found for one-dimensional averages, but not for planar averages. Despite having different spatial profiles, both dynamos show negative turbulent magnetic diffusivities. Our finding suggests negative turbulent magnetic diffusivities may support a broader class of dynamos than previously thought, including these three optimal dynamos.
description: 23 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables, submitted to J. Plasma Phys
Unitarity Methods in AdS/CFT
Creators: name: Meltzer, David
name: Perlmutter, Eric
name: Sivaramakrishnan, Allic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a systematic unitarity method for loop-level AdS scattering amplitudes, dual to non-planar CFT correlators, from both bulk and boundary perspectives. We identify cut operators acting on bulk amplitudes that put virtual lines on shell, and show how the conformal partial wave decomposition of the amplitudes may be efficiently computed by gluing lower-loop amplitudes. A central role is played by the double discontinuity of the amplitude, which has a direct relation to these cuts. We then exhibit a precise, intuitive map between the diagrammatic approach in the bulk using cutting and gluing, and the algebraic, holographic unitarity method of arXiv:1612.03891 that constructs the non-planar correlator from planar CFT data. Our analysis focuses mostly on four-point, one-loop diagrams -- we compute cuts of the scalar bubble, triangle and box, as well as some one-particle reducible diagrams -- in addition to the five-point tree and four-point double-ladder. Analogies with S-matrix unitarity methods are drawn throughout.
description: 43+17 pages. v2: fixed typos, treatment of double-ladder
Electron transport through and in quantum dot arrays
Creators: name: Bayer, Johannes Christian
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: quadruple quantum dot
subject: single-electron tunneling
subject: charge detection
subject: isolated quantum dots
subject: Coulomb blockade
subject: Vierfachquantenpunkt
subject: Einzelelektronentunneln
subject: Ladungsdetektion
subject: isolierte Quantenpunkte
subject: Coulomb Blockade
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: The present thesis investigates serial quantum dot arrays of different sizes, the double quantum dot, the triple quantum dot, and the quadruple quantum dot. The quantum dot device is based on a two-dimensional electron gas formed in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. A quantum point contact in the vicinity of the quantum dots is utilized as a charge sensor, allowing to detect tunneling of single electrons into or out of the quantum dots as well as between two of the quantum dots. Two qualitatively different regimes are discussed, the transport regime and the isolated regime. In the transport regime, where the quantum dots are well coupled to electron reservoirs on both sides, electrons can tunnel from one reservoir to the other through the array. Gate voltage dependent measurements are used to characterize the transport properties through the quantum dot arrays and to extract electrostatic properties. For all array sizes, long-range transport across quantum dots in Coulomb blockade is observed for the strong coupling regime. The isolated regime is reached by increasing the tunnel barriers between reservoirs and the quantum dot array on both sides until tunneling from and into the reservoirs is fully suppressed within the measurement timescales. The number of electrons in an isolated array is fixed, but electrons can still be redistributed inside the array. The charge reconfiguration inside the arrays is tracked using the charge detector. A high level of control over the coupling, and thus the interdot transitions, including long-range transitions between non-neighboring quantum dots, is demonstrated. Time-resolved charge detection was used to investigate the tunneling dynamics of a single, two, and three electrons loaded into a double quantum dot, where the three electron case shows a high sensitivity to environmental parameters.
Are similar ecosystem services valued differently across different water body types: A discrete choice analysis of rivers, lakes and sea attributes?
Creators: name: Doherty, Edel
name: Murphy, Geraldine
name: Hynes, Stephen
name: Buckley, Cathal
name: Doherty, Edel
name: Murphy, Geraldine
name: Hynes, Stephen
name: Buckley, Cathal
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: ecosystem services
subject: water bodies
subject: non-market valuation
subject: willingness to pay

description: As demands on the environment and associated ecosystem services increase, the need for a more integrated approach to managing the exploitation of these natural resources also increases. This is particularly true for the alternative types of water bodies such as a sea, river and/or a lake. The purpose of this paper is to explore the preferences of residents in the Republic of Ireland for a number of ecosystem services provided by Irish water bodies. In particular the paper examines whether, and how, preferences for the same ecosystem services differ when the public is asked to consider the alternative water body types (sea, river and lake). This is relevant as the ecosystem services’ economic benefits are not necessarily uniform across water bodies, a factor that has not been explored in detail previously.
Improvement of superconducting properties by chemical pressure effect in Eu-doped La2-xEuxO2Bi3Ag0.6Sn0.4S6
Creators: name: Jha, Rajveer
name: Goto, Yosuke
name: Higashinaka, Ryuji
name: Miura, Akira
name: Moriyoshi, C.
name: Kuroiwa, Yoshihiro
name: Mizuguchi, Yoshikazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the substitution effect of Eu on the superconductivity in La2-xEuxO2Bi3Ag0.6Sn0.4S6. Recently, we reported an observation of superconductivity at 0.5 K in a layered oxychalcogenide La2O2Bi3AgS6. The Sn doping at the Ag site was found to raise the superconducting transition temperature, Tc to 2.5 K in La2O2Bi3Ag0.6Sn0.4S6. To further improve the superconducting properties, we have partially substituted Eu for the La site to increase the chemical pressure in La2-xEuxO2Bi3Ag0.6Sn0.4S6 (x = 0.1 to 0.6). With the increase in Eu concentration, x, the lattice constant a was found to shrink, while the lattice constant c was marginally shortened, which suggests that the chemical pressure induced by the Eu doping is uniaxial along the a-axis. Tc was observed to increase with increasing x up to x = 0.4, further decreasing for higher Eu concentrations of x = 0.5 and 0.6. From the magnetic susceptibility and resistivity measurements, the bulk nature of superconductivity has been observed for x = 0.1 to 0.5 with Tc = 2.5 to 4.0 K, respectively. The upper critical field (Bc2) was noted to be 3.5 T for x = 0.4, which also has the highest Tc.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Real and Complex Fundamental Partial Compositeness
Creators: name: Agugliaro, Alessandro
name: Sannino, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We complete the analysis of the effective field theory at the electroweak scale for minimal models of fundamental partial compositeness. Specifically, we consider fermions in the complex and real representation of the gauge group underlying the composite Higgs dynamics, since the pseudo real representation was investigated earlier. The minimal models feature the cosets SU(4)xSU(4)/SU(4)_D and SU(5)/SO(5) respectively for the complex and real representations. We determine the vacuum alignment, the electroweak precision constraints, additional collider constraints. We finally discuss the main differences among the different models of minimal partial compositeness.
description: 31 pages, 1 Figure, 3 Tables
Role of initial data in spherical collapse
Creators: name: Joshi, Pankaj S.
name: Goswami, Rituparno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We bring out here the role of initial data in causing the black hole and naked singularity phases as the final end state of a continual gravitational collapse. The collapse of a type I general matter field is considered, which includes most of the known physical forms of matter. It is shown that given the distribution of the density and pressure profiles at the initial surface from which the collapse evolves, there is a freedom in choosing rest of the free functions, such as the velocities of the collapsing shells, so that the end state could be either a black hole or a naked singularity depending on this choice. It is thus seen that it is the initial data that determines the end state of spherical collapse in terms of these outcomes, and we get a good picture of how these phases come about.
description: 5 pages, Revtex4, Revised version, To appear in Physical Review D
A Photometric Analysis of the Relationship Between Type Ia Supernova UV Flux and Host Galaxy Metallicity
Creators: name: Brown, Peter J.
name: Crumpler, Nicole R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of progenitor metallicity on Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) has important cosmological implications due to the need for these standardizable candles to be compared across large spans of cosmic time in which the progenitor stars might have different properties. Theoretical models have come to different conclusions as to the wavelength range impacted by metallicity differences, leading to differing interpretations of the growing sample of UV observations. Recent work has claimed a correlation between the mid-UV flux of SNe Ia measured from Swift grism spectra and the gas-phase metallicities measured for their host galaxies. Here we examine UV photometry for the same objects. We find no significant correlations between the UV-optical colors (or UV/optical count rate ratios) of the SNe Ia and the host galaxy properties of mass or metallicity. The lack of a significant correlation with host galaxy metallicity implies another physical difference other than progenitor metallicity dominates the UV flux differences. We are no longer limited by a lack of UV observations. Rather, understanding the existing observations requires improved theoretical models and a larger parameter space of physical differences.
description: Submitted to AAS Journals
Additional file 1 of Brain structure and cortical activity changes of new daily persistent headache: multimodal evidence from MEG/sMRI
Creators: name: Qiu, Dong
name: Wang, Wei
name: Mei, Yanliang
name: Tang, Hefei
name: Yuan, Ziyu
name: Zhang, Peng
name: Zhang, Yaqing
name: Yu, Xueying
name: Yang, Chunqing
name: Wang, Qun
name: Wang, Yonggang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The power spectral density of each frequency band. HCs, healthy controls; NDPH, new daily persistent headache; All, all brain regions; L_F, left frontal lobe; R_F, right frontal lobe; L_P, left parietal lobe; R_P, right parietal lobe; L_O, left occipital lobe; R_O, right occipital lobe; L_T, left temporal lobe; R_T, right temporal lobe.
Dim Prospects for Transmission Spectra of Ocean Earths Around M Stars
Creators: name: Suissa, Gabrielle
name: Mandell, Avi M.
name: Wolf, Eric T.
name: Villanueva, Geronimo L.
name: Fauchez, Thomas
name: Kopparapu, Ravi kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search for water-rich Earth-sized exoplanets around low-mass stars is rapidly gaining attention because they represent the best opportunity to characterize habitable planets in the near future. Understanding the atmospheres of these planets and determining the optimal strategy for characterizing them through transmission spectroscopy with our upcoming instrumentation is essential in order to constrain their environments. For this study, we present simulated transmission spectra of tidally locked Earth-sized ocean-covered planets around late-M to mid-K stellar spectral types, utilizing GCM modeling results previously published by Kopparapu et al. (2017) as inputs for our radiative transfer calculations performed using NASA's Planetary Spectrum Generator (psg.gsfc.nasa.gov; Villanueva et al. (2018)). We identify trends in the depth of H$_2$O spectral features as a function of planet surface temperature and rotation rate. These trends allow us to calculate the exposure times necessary to detect water vapor in the atmospheres of aquaplanets through transmission spectroscopy with the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) as well as several future flagship space telescope concepts under consideration (LUVOIR and OST) for a target list constructed from the TESS Input Catalog (TIC). Our calculations reveal that transmission spectra for water-rich Earth-sized planets around low-mass stars will be dominated by clouds, with spectral features < 20 ppm, and only a small subset of TIC stars would allow for the characterization of an ocean planet in the Habitable Zone. We thus present a careful prioritization of targets that are most amenable to follow-up characterizations with next-generation instrumentation, in order to assist the community in efficiently utilizing precious telescope time.
description: Accepted to the Astrophysical Journal. 25 pages, 10 figures
Generalized Lattice Gauge Theory, Spin Foams and State Sum Invariants
Creators: name: Oeckl, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct a generalization of pure lattice gauge theory (LGT) where the role of the gauge group is played by a tensor category. The type of tensor category admissible (spherical, ribbon, symmetric) depends on the dimension of the underlying manifold (<=3, <=4, any). Ordinary LGT is recovered if the category is the (symmetric) category of representations of a compact Lie group. In the weak coupling limit we recover discretized BF-theory in terms of a coordinate free version of the spin foam formulation. We work on general cellular decompositions of the underlying manifold. In particular, we are able to formulate LGT as well as spin foam models of BF-type with quantum gauge group (in dimension <=4) and with supersymmetric gauge group (in any dimension). Technically, we express the partition function as a sum over diagrams denoting morphisms in the underlying category. On the LGT side this enables us to introduce a generalized notion of gauge fixing corresponding to a topological move between cellular decompositions of the underlying manifold. On the BF-theory side this allows a rather geometric understanding of the state sum invariants of Turaev/Viro, Barrett/Westbury and Crane/Yetter which we recover. The construction is extended to include Wilson loop and spin network type observables as well as manifolds with boundaries. In the topological (weak coupling) case this leads to TQFTs with or without embedded spin networks.
description: 58 pages, LaTeX with AMS and XY-Pic macros; typos corrected and references updated
Additional file 2 of Brain structure and cortical activity changes of new daily persistent headache: multimodal evidence from MEG/sMRI
Creators: name: Qiu, Dong
name: Wang, Wei
name: Mei, Yanliang
name: Tang, Hefei
name: Yuan, Ziyu
name: Zhang, Peng
name: Zhang, Yaqing
name: Yu, Xueying
name: Yang, Chunqing
name: Wang, Qun
name: Wang, Yonggang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. The number of NDPH and HCs in different neuromagnetic activity areas. HCs, healthy controls; NDPH, new daily persistent headache; All, all brain regions; L_F, left frontal lobe; R_F, right frontal lobe; L_P, left parietal lobe; R_P, right parietal lobe; L_O, left occipital lobe; R_O, right occipital lobe; L_T, left temporal lobe; R_T, right temporal lobe; *, p<0.05.
Development of a Monitoring Device for Improved Cookstoves
Creators: name: Ambühl, Louis
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Improved cookstoves

description: Approximately 2.4 billion people worldwide rely on solid fuels, such as wood, for cooking, contributing to about 2\% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In low- and middle-income countries often a three stone fire is used for cooking, which burns wood inefficiently. Additionally, the combustion of these solid fuels on an indoor three stone fire results in significant air pollution, including particulate matter, leading to approximately 2 million premature deaths annually. To address these issues, organizations have begun distributing improved cookstoves that burn wood more efficiently, thereby requiring less wood for the same cooking task and consequently reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The reduction in emissions generated by the use of improved cookstoves compared to the traditional 3 stone fire can be converted into tradable carbon credits. These organizations, which distribute the improved cookstove, sell the carbon credits as Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes (ITMOs), which buyers can claim to help meet the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting global temperature increases to 2° C above pre-industrial levels. These globally sold ITMOs often rely on inaccurate assumptions and the impact of the improved cookstoves is often overestimated to profit financially. To measure the actual impact of improved cookstoves, previous studies used scales to quantify how much wood is used and temperature sensors to indicate the number of hours per day the cookstove was operational. The reliability of the sensors and the tracking of the temperature of the cookstove presented significant challenges. This study aims to enhance the technical basis for monitoring improved cookstoves to enable more accurate calculations of their efficiency by developing an affordable, reliable, open-source monitoring device that minimizes user interaction and simplifies local installation. To achieve this, a Cookstove Monitoring Sub-System (CMS) was created to detect cookstove usage by measuring the temperature directly in the combustion chamber, providing rapid feedback on temperature changes. By calculating the derivative of the cookstove temperature, the CMS accurately determines stove usage. Additionally, a Wood Monitoring Sub-System (WMS) was developed to monitor wood consumption by measuring the wood used for cooking using a scale. To offset the challenges of conducting this study remotely, both sub-systems were designed to be adaptable to different circumstances. The CMS features a flexible component to accommodate a range of cookstove dimensions, while the WMS can be configured to operate on either a tension or pressure scale.
Deflandrellium Cheng 1986
Creators: name: Noble, Paula
name: Aitchison, Jonathan C.
name: Danelian, Taniel
name: Dumitrica, Paulian
name: Maletz, Jörg
name: Suzuki, Noritoshi
name: Cuvelier, Jessie
name: Caridroit, Martial
name: O'Dogherty, Luis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Radiozoa
Polycystina
Nassellaria
Archocyrtiidae
Deflandrellium

description: Deflandrellium Cheng, 1986
 Deflandrellium Cheng, 1986: 134.
 TYPE SPECIES. — Deflandrellium georgesi Cheng, 1986 (Cheng 1986: 134, pl. 7, fig. 7, 13).
AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Upper Famennian (Upper Devonian), Woodford Formation, Ouachita Mountains, Oklahoma, USA.
TAXON CODE. — 224.
STATUS. — Valid.
DIAGNOSIS. — “Test as with family but possessing five asymmetrically arranged spines on shell surface, and one subapical horn and four feet. Cephalis spherical, perforate having sparsely to densely distributed pores with pore cones. Pylome large, circular with four feet surrounding of which one foot is always slightly higher in position. The narrow pylome is skirt-like, imperforate lacking a marginal fringe.” (Cheng 1986: 134).
description: Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 473, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585
Pancharatnam and Berry Phases in Three-Level Photonic Systems
Creators: name: Ben-Aryeh, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical analysis of Pancharatnam and Berry phases is made for biphoton three-level systems, which are produced via frequency degenerate co-linear spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC). The general theory of Pancharatnam phases is discussed with a special emphasis on geodesic 'curves'in Hilbert space. Explicit expressions for Pancharatnam, dynamical and geometrical phases are derived for the transformations produced by linear phase-converters. The problem of gauge invariance is treated along all the article.
Sufficiency in passenger transport and its potential for lowering energy demand
Creators: name: Arnz, Marlin
name: Krumm, A.
Publisher: name: IOP Publishing
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::380 Handel, Kommunikation, Verkehr::388 Verkehr; Landverkehr
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::339 Makroökonomie und verwandte Themen
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::303 Gesellschaftliche Prozesse
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::380 Handel, Kommunikation, Verkehr::385 Schieneverkehr
subject: mobility transformation
subject: demand-side mitigation
subject: transport modelling
subject: energy system modelling
subject: socio-technical transitions
subject: Mobilitätswende
subject: Nachfrageveränderungen
subject: Transportmodellierung
subject: Energiesystemmodellierung
subject: sozio-technische Transformationen

description: Prior research suggests that energy demand-side interventions have a large potential in climate change mitigation, connected to co-benefits in human well-being and several Sustainable Development Goals. However, it is challenging to translate such strategies into local and sectoral realities. We explore sufficiency futures for German passenger transport, a sector that is assumed to further grow in most studies, to analyse demand reduction potentials. In an interdisciplinary research design, we collect 133 diverse drivers of change of which we construct three sufficiency storylines. We translate them into parameters of the aggregated transport model quetzal_germany and quantify it through an expert survey. Results indicate that passenger transport energy demand can be lowered by up to 73%, while pointing at the various cultural, political, economic, technological, and organisational developments that are responsible for this change and show co-benefits for well-being. The comparison to global low energy demand studies suggests that our results lie between two boundaries: the absolute minimum for decent living standards and the most ambitious illustrative modelling pathway in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report. This work bridges the gap between ambitious climate targets from a global perspective and corresponding system design requirements in the local context.
Public Perceptions of the Irish Marine Environment
Creators: name: Hynes, Stephen
name: Norton, Danny
name: Corless, Rebecca
name: Hynes, Stephen
name: Norton, Danny
name: Corless, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This paper presents the results of a nationwide survey in Ireland that explored the values, concerns and preferences of individuals towards the Irish marine environment. The results of the Irish survey are also compared to the results from similar surveys carried out in other maritime countries in the EU. The views of the Irish public towards the seas and oceans around the Irish coast are relatively unknown. This is despite the fact that that Ireland has sovereign rights over 900,000km2 of seabed (which is an area 10 times the size of the land area of Ireland). The results of the Irish survey demonstrate a reasonable level of knowledge of the main threats facing Ireland’s marine environment and of the importance of non-market as well as market ecosystem services provided by the seas around the Irish coast. The results also suggest that the Irish public are sceptical of the ability of government and private industry to manage the Irish marine economy but instead place a large amount of trust in the competency of scientists. The perception of whether or not they consider where they live as being a coastal area would also suggest that the Irish public hold a much more narrow view of what constitutes a coastal area than that held by statistical agencies such as Eurostat.
Mostlerium Cheng 1986
Creators: name: Noble, Paula
name: Aitchison, Jonathan C.
name: Danelian, Taniel
name: Dumitrica, Paulian
name: Maletz, Jörg
name: Suzuki, Noritoshi
name: Cuvelier, Jessie
name: Caridroit, Martial
name: O'Dogherty, Luis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Radiozoa
Polycystina
Nassellaria
Archocyrtiidae
Mostlerium

description: Mostlerium Cheng, 1986
 Mostlerium Cheng, 1986: 136.
 TYPE SPECIES. — Mostlerium unicum Cheng, 1986 (Cheng 1986: 136, pl. 4, fig. 7, 8, 20, 23).
AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Lower Carboniferous, Oklahoma and Arkansas, USA.
TAXON CODE. — 226.
 STATUS. —Junior synonym of Pararchocyrtium Deflandre,1972 (herein).
DIAGNOSIS. — “Test as with family [Archocyrtidae] but possessing seven spines on the shell surface; three spines located on the upper hemisphere, of which one slightly lower in position and much shorter; four other spines located on the lower hemisphere surrounding the pylome margin. Cephalis subspherical, perforate having large, circular pylome. Pylome margin having expanded skirt; narrow and imperforate.” (Cheng 1986: 136).
REMARKS
 Noble et al. (2008: 47) note the instability of the position of spines (either as feet or lateral spines) in Pararchocyrtium, and question the validity of using the number of feet as a criterion for genus level distinction in several of the archocyrtid taxa. We synonymize herein.
description: Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 474, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585
title: The People Who Live on Lambert Lane
Creators: name: Diaz, Natalie G.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2007

description: This work exists as an exploration into the life of a small desert town and the souls that people this town, specifically, American Indians. It is my hope that my characters and my setting spark to life in these stories in a way that they have not been allowed to in mainstream fiction.
Assessing the impact of migration and remittances on technology adoption in rural Senegal
Creators: name: Kaninda Tshikala, Sam
name: Fonsah, Esendugue Greg
name: Kaninda Tshikala, Sam
name: Fonsah, Esendugue Greg
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Migration
subject: remittances
subject: Technology adoption
subject: 3SLS
subject: Senegal

description: Remittances are viewed by the new economics of labor migration theory as a substitute for formal or informal credit that may enable households to overcome liquidity constraints and invest in new technologies and activities. To test this hypothesis, this paper analyzes the impact of migration and remittances on the adoption of modern agricultural technologies in rural Senegal. Survey data were analyzed using a three stage least squared model. The results reveal that both internal and international migrations have a positive impact on the adoption of new technologies. However, only households with international remittances were more likely to adopt modern technologies
Marginal Implicit Values of Soybean Quality Attributes
Creators: name: Parcell, Joseph L.
name: Cain, Jewelwayne S.
name: Parcell, Joseph L.
name: Cain, Jewelwayne S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Agricultural markets
subject: product quality
subject: characteristic demand
subject: spatial competition
subject: hedonic price analysis
subject: soybeans

description: Soybean quality is becoming more important as markets realize its impact in relation to utility. Soybean meal protein level impacts animal feed efficiency and soybean seed oil content signifies the amount of oil to be used for food, fuel or industrial purposes. Because differences in quality levels exist, quantifying the impacts of these quality-price differences is essential so that the soybean industry understands the implicit-value of enhancing trait levels within a component pricing system. We examine this quality-price relationship using a hedonic price function to estimate and analyze implicit prices attributed to protein and oil contents of U.S. soybeans. We added a spatial dimension in the model by incorporating inter-state competition in soybean quality attributes. We find price premiums associated with higher levels of protein and oil content in soybeans produced within-state. There are also price discounts associated with higher levels of protein and oil content in soybeans from competing states. This indicates the importance of spatial competition in analyzing implicit values of soybean quality attributes.
U.S. Imports Demand for Cocoa Products by Country of Origin
Creators: name: Kadjo, Abena Lucie
name: Seale, James L.
name: Kadjo, Abena Lucie
name: Seale, James L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Elasticity
subject: cocoa beans
subject: chocolate
subject: demand system

description: In this paper, we utilize four functional approaches, AIDS, Rotterdam, CBS, and NBR to estimate the U.S. elasticities of import demand for chocolate products and cocoa beans by country of origin. Additionally, we estimate the general model and use likelihood ratio tests to choose which of the four competing models best fits the cocoa products import da-ta. The likelihood ratio test indicates that the general model fails to reject the Rotterdam and CBS for the estimation of cocoa beans. With regards to chocolate products, the general model fails to reject the AIDS.