cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Combined tests based on restricted mean time lost for competing risks data
Creators: name: Lyu, Jingjing
name: Hou, Yawen
name: Chen, Zheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Competing risks data are common in medical studies, and the sub-distribution hazard (SDH) ratio is considered an appropriate measure. However, because the limitations of hazard itself are not easy to interpret clinically and because the SDH ratio is valid only under the proportional SDH assumption, this article introduced an alternative index under competing risks, named restricted mean time lost (RMTL). Several test procedures were also constructed based on RMTL. First, we introduced the definition and estimation of RMTL based on Aalen-Johansen cumulative incidence functions. Then, we considered several combined tests based on the SDH and the RMTL difference (RMTLd). The statistical properties of the methods are evaluated using simulations and are applied to two examples. The type I errors of combined tests are close to the nominal level. All combined tests show acceptable power in all situations. In conclusion, RMTL can meaningfully summarize treatment effects for clinical decision making, and three combined tests have robust power under various conditions, which can be considered for statistical inference in real data analysis.
description: 26 pages, 3 figures
Scotland's eroding heritage: A collaborative response to the impact of climate change
Creators: name: Graham, Ellie
name: Hambly, Joanna
name: Dawson, Tom
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2017
Subjects: archaeology
climate change
Scotland
coastal erosion
community
survey
heritage

description: Scotland’s coastline contains a wealth of archaeological sites, thousands of which are being impacted by coastal erosion, accelerated by climate change. A series of government-sponsored Coastal Zone Assessment Surveys (CZAS) took the first steps in targeting vulnerable areas and recorded not only the heritage assets but also the vulnerability of the coast edge; assessing the geology, geomorphology and erosion risk. Covering 40% of the Scottish coastline, these surveys recorded 12,000 heritage sites. A prioritisation process by SCAPE took account of each site’s value, vulnerability and condition, refining this dataset and classifying nearly 1,000 sites as requiring attention. Recognising that site condition can change rapidly in the dynamic coastal zone, SCAPE initiated the Scotland’s Coastal Heritage at Risk Project (SCHARP) in 2012. Employing a citizen science approach to recording and monitoring the resource, they worked with members of the local community to update and enhance the prioritised CZAS dataset. Monitoring alone does not save sites, so the project has also worked with community groups to undertake action at locally-valued sites. As preservation in situ is impractical or impossible in many coastal locations, the main aim has been to rescue as much information as possible from these sites. A variety of strategies, from innovative digital recording and excavation to relocating and reconstructing sites have been deployed. This paper will highlight methods used to record and prioritise action at the diverse range of Scottish coastal heritage. It will use SCHARP as a case study to describe a methodology monitoring and protecting the resource and present examples of fragile intertidal sites vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.
Zero curvature representation for a new fifth-order integrable system
Creators: name: Sergyeyev, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this brief note we present a zero-curvature representation for one of the new integrable system found by Mikhailov, Novikov and Wang in nlin.SI/0601046.
description: 2 pages, LaTeX 2e, no figures
Η Θεωρία του Νου στον αυτισμό και κυρίως σε αυτιστικά άτομα υψηλής λειτουργικότητας
Creators: name: Συντάκη, Ελένη Αθανασίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: Θεωρία του Νου
Αυτισμός
Αυτισμός Υψηλής Λειτουργικότητας
Theory of Mind
Autism
Autism people of high functionality

description: Ο Αυτισμός είναι μια περίπλοκη και αινιγματική διαταραχή της ανάπτυξης και ταυτόχρονα ένα φαινόμενο που έχει προκαλέσει παρανοήσεις και συγκρούσεις μεταξύ ειδικών. Η επιστήμη αφήνει ακόμη και σήμερα αναπάντητα ερωτήματα για την προέλευση και τη φύση της Διαταραχής Αυτιστικού Φάσματος(ΔΑΦ). Επιπλέον, αποκαλύπτεται ότι τα άτομα με αυτισμό μέσα από τις δυσκολίες που παρουσιάζουν υποδεικνύουν πολλά για τις διαδικασίες της εξέλιξης και για τη φύση του ανθρώπου ευρύτερα. Η επιλογή του θέματος της παρούσας εργασίας είναι αποτέλεσμα αφενός προσωπικού ενδιαφέροντος για διερεύνηση των στοιχείων που προαναφέρθηκαν και αφετέρου η ενημέρωση σε προσωπικό επίπεδο της ιδιαιτερότητας της ΔΑΦ σε συνδυασμό με την αλληλεπίδραση της «Θεωρίας του Νου» σε άτομα με αυτισμό υψηλής λειτουργικότητας. Η διπλωματική αυτή μελέτη χωρίζεται σε δυο μέρη, το πρώτο το θεωρητικό μέρος της εργασίας και το δεύτερο όπου παρουσιάζονται μελέτες με βάση τη διεθνή ερευνητική βιβλιογραφία. Αρχικά αναπτύσσονται οι βασικές έννοιες αναφορικά με την ανάπτυξη και τη μέτρηση, τη Θεωρία του Νου και τη μάθηση από άλλους, τις σχέσεις με τις εκτελεστικές και νευρικές λειτουργίες. Το δεύτερο μέρος αποτελείται απ’ τη συστηματική ανασκόπηση της υπάρχουσας διεθνούς βιβλιογραφίας – αρθρογραφίας μέσα από επιλεγμένες επιστημονικές βάσεις δεδομένων. Στο τέλος παρατίθενται τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας που προκύπτουν και δίνονται οι περιορισμοί και οι προτάσεις.
description: Autism is a complex and enigmatic developmental disorder and at the same time a phenomenon that has caused misunderstandings and conflicts among experts. Science still leaves unanswered questions about the origin and nature of autism. In addition, it is revealed that autistic people through the difficulties they present indicate a lot about the processes of evolution and about the nature of man in general. The choice of the subject of the present work is a result of personal interest in investigating the above-mentioned elements, and on the other hand, informing at a personal level the specificity of autism disorders in conjunction with the interaction of "Mind Theory" in autistic individuals with high functionality. This diploma work is divided into two parts, the first the theoretical part of the thesis and the second the research. The theoretical background of the work develops the basic concepts in terms of development and measurement, the Theory of the Mind and learning from others, the relationships with the executive and nervous functions. The second part consists of a systematic review of the existing international bibliography - articles through selected scientific databases. Finally, the results of the survey are presented and the limitations and proposals are given.
Delocalized Entanglement of Atoms in optical Lattices
Creators: name: Vollbrecht, K. G. H.
name: Cirac, J. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to detect and quantify entanglement of atoms in optical lattices in terms of correlations functions of the momentum distribution. These distributions can be measured directly in the experiments. We introduce two kinds of entanglement measures related to the position and the spin of the atoms.
SLE on doubly-connected domains and the winding of loop-erased random walks
Creators: name: Hagendorf, Christian
name: Doussal, Pierre Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional loop-erased random walks (LERWs) are random planar curves whose scaling limit is known to be a Schramm-Loewner evolution SLE_k with parameter k = 2. In this note, some properties of an SLE_k trace on doubly-connected domains are studied and a connection to passive scalar diffusion in a Burgers flow is emphasised. In particular, the endpoint probability distribution and winding probabilities for SLE_2 on a cylinder, starting from one boundary component and stopped when hitting the other, are found. A relation of the result to conditioned one-dimensional Brownian motion is pointed out. Moreover, this result permits to study the statistics of the winding number for SLE_2 with fixed endpoints. A solution for the endpoint distribution of SLE_4 on the cylinder is obtained and a relation to reflected Brownian motion pointed out.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures
Lindblad parameters from high resolution spectroscopy to describe collision induced decoherence in the gas phase -- Application to acetylene
Creators: name: Aerts, Antoine
name: Auwera, Jean Vander
name: Vaeck, Nathalie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the framework of the Lindblad master equation, we propose a general methodology to describe the effects of the environment on a system in dilute gas phase. The phenomenological parameters characterizing the transitions between rovibrational states of the system induced by collisions can be extracted from experimental transition kinetic constants, relying on Energy Gap fitting laws. As the availability of this kind of experimental data can be limited, the present work relied on experimental line broadening coefficients, however still using Energy Gap fitting laws. The 3 $μ$m infrared spectral range of acetylene was chosen to illustrate the proposed approach. The method shows fair agreement with available experimental data while being computationally inexpensive. The results are discussed in the context of state laser quantum control.
Application of the Probability Event Horizon filter to constrain the local rate density of binary black hole inspirals with Advanced LIGO
Creators: name: Howell, E.
name: Coward, D.
name: Burman, R.
name: Blair, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temporal evolution of the gravitational wave background signal resulting from stellar-mass binary black hole (BBH) inspirals has a unique statistical signature. We describe the application of a new filter, based on the `probability event horizon' (PEH) concept, that utilizes both the temporal and spatial source distribution to constrain the local rate density, $r_{0}$, of BBH inspiral events in the nearby Universe. Assuming Advanced LIGO sensitivities and an upper rate of Galactic BBH inspirals of $ 30\hspace{1mm}\mathrm{Myr}^{-1}$, we simulate GW data and apply a fitting procedure to the PEH filtered data. To determine the accuracy of the PEH filter in constraining $r_{0}$, a comparison is made with a fit to the brightness distribution of events. We apply both methods to a data stream containing a background of Gaussian distributed false alarms. We find that the brightness distribution yields lower standard errors, but is biased by the false alarms. In comparison the PEH method is less prone to errors resulting from false alarms but has a lower resolution as fewer events contribute to the data. Used in combination, the PEH and brightness distribution methods provide an improved estimate of the rate density.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Radio Spectral Imaging of an M8.4 Eruptive Solar Flare: Possible Evidence of a Termination Shock
Creators: name: Luo, Yingjie
name: Chen, Bin
name: Yu, Sijie
name: Bastian, T. S.
name: Krucker, Säm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar flare termination shocks have been suggested as one of the viable mechanisms for accelerating electrons and ions to high energies. Observational evidence of such shocks, however, remains rare. Using radio dynamic spectroscopic imaging of a long-duration C1.9 flare obtained by the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA), Chen et al. (2015) suggested that a type of coherent radio bursts, referred to as "stochastic spike bursts," were radio signatures of nonthermal electrons interacting with myriad density fluctuations at the front of a flare termination shock. Here we report another stochastic spike burst event recorded during the extended energy release phase of a long-duration M8.4-class eruptive flare on 2012 March 10. VLA radio spectroscopic imaging of the spikes in 1.0--1.6 GHz shows that similar to the case of Chen et al. (2015), the burst centroids form an extended, ~10''-long structure in the corona. By combining extreme-ultraviolet imaging observations of the flare from two vantage points with hard X-ray and ultraviolet observations of the flare ribbon brightenings, we reconstruct the flare arcade in three dimensions. The results show that the spike source is located at ~60 Mm above the flare arcade, where a diffuse supra-arcade fan and multitudes of plasma downflows are present. Although the flare arcade and ribbons seen during the impulsive phase do not allow us to clearly understand how the observed spike source location is connected to the flare geometry, the cooling flare arcade observed two hours later suggests that the spikes are located in the above-the-loop-top region, where a termination shock presumably forms.
description: 23 pages, 13 figures, published by The Astrophysical Journal
Optical studies of pure fluids about their critical points
Creators: name: Tiong, Pang Kian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Three optical experiments were performed on pure fluids near their critical points. In the first two setups, CH₃F and H₂C:CF₂ were each tested in a temperature-controlled, prism-shaped cell and a thin parallel-windows cell. In the prism cell, a laser beam was additionally deflected by the fluid present. From the deflection data, the refractive index was related to the density to find the Lorentz-Lorenz function. Critical temperature (Tc), density, refractive index and electronic polarizability were found. In the second experiment, a critically-filled, thin parallel-windows cell was placed in one arm of a Mach-Zehnder interoferometer. Fluid density was monitored by changes in the fringe pattern with changing cell temperature. The aim was to improve on the precision of Tc: Tc(CH₃F)=(44∙9O87±O∙OOO2)C; H₂C:CF₂)=(29∙7419±O∙OOO1)C; and, to study the coexistence curve and diameter as close to Tc as possible. The critical behaviour was compared to the theoretical renormalization group calculations. The derived coefficients were tested against a proposed three-body interaction to explain the field-mixing term in the diameter near the critical point. It was found that H₂C:CF₂ behaved as predicted by such an interaction; CH₃F (and CHF₃) did not. The third experiment was a feasibility study to find out if (critical) isotherms could be measured optically in a setup which combined the prism and parallel-windows cells. The aim was to map isotherms in as wide a range of pressure and density as possible and to probe the critical region directly. Pressure was monitored by a precise digital pressure gauge. CH₃F and CHF₃ were tested in this system. It was found that at low densities, the calculated second and third virial coefficients agreed with reference values. However, the data around the critical point were not accurate enough for use to calculate the critical exponent, δ. The calculated value was consistently smaller than the expected value. It was believed that the present setup had thermal isolation problems. Suggestions were made as to the improvements of this isotherm cell setup. Lastly, a joint project with the Department of Ophthalmology, UBC to assemble a vitreous fluorophotometer is discussed in Appendix F. The upgrading of the instrument took up the initial two years of this PhD programme.
Exact \textit{pp}-waves, (A)dS waves and Kundt spaces in the Abelian-Higgs model
Creators: name: Canfora, Fabrizio
name: Cisterna, Adolfo
name: Hidalgo, Diego
name: Oliva, Julio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find new exact solutions of the Abelian-Higgs model coupled to General Relativity, characterized by a non-vanishing superconducting current. The solutions correspond to \textit{pp}-waves, AdS waves, and Kundt spaces, for which both the Maxwell field and the gradient of the phase of the scalar are aligned with the null direction defining these spaces. In the Kundt family, the geometry of the two-dimensional surfaces orthogonal to the superconducting current is determined by the solutions of the two-dimensional Liouville equation, and in consequence, these surfaces are of constant curvature, as it occurs in a vacuum. The solution to the Liouville equation also acts as a potential for the Maxwell field, which we integrate into a closed-form. Using these results, we show that the combined effects of the gravitational and scalar interactions can confine the electromagnetic field within a bounded region in the surfaces transverse to the current.
description: 14 pages. This corresponds to the published version in Physical Review D (Vol. 103, No. 8)
Deterministic secure quantum communication without maximally entangled states
Creators: name: Li, Xi-Han
name: Deng, Fu-Guo
name: Li, Chun-Yan
name: Liang, Yu-Jie
name: Zhou, Ping
name: Zhou, Hong-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two deterministic secure quantum communication schemes are proposed, one based on pure entangled states and the other on $d$-dimensional single-photon states. In these two schemes, only single-photon measurements are required for the two authorized users, which makes the schemes more convenient than others in practical applications. Although each qubit can be read out after a transmission of additional classical bit, it is unnecessary for the users to transmit qubits double the distance between the sender and the receiver, which will increase their bit rate and their security. The parties use decoy photons to check eavesdropping efficiently. The obvious advantage in the first scheme is that the pure entangled source is feasible with present techniques.
description: 6 pages, no figure
Πεδία βαθμονόμησης UAV
Creators: name: Καρυπίδης, Συμεών Χαράλαμπου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: Βαθμονόμηση
Πεδίο βαθμονόμησης
Μη επανδρωμένα αεροσκάφη
UAV
Calibration
Test field

description: Η εν λόγω εργασία πραγματεύεται τα πεδία βαθμονόμησης μη επανδρωμένων αεροσκαφών. Ο σκοπός της συγκεκριμένης έρευνας είναι η δημιουργία ενός πεδίου βαθμονόμησης για UAV, η βαθμονόμηση ενός φωτογραμμετρικού συστήματος με την χρήση του εν λόγω πεδίου και ο προσδιορισμός των γεωμετρικών παραμέτρων του. Η γενική ιδέα βάσει της οποίας προσεγγίστηκε το συγκεκριμένο θέμα, ήταν να εξετασθεί η χρησιμότητα των πεδίων βαθμονόμησης, η προσφορά των πληροφοριών τους στην φωτογραμμετρική παραγωγική διαδικασία, ο τρόπος δημιουργίας και συντήρησης τους καθώς και άλλοι παράγοντες όπως το κόστος κατασκευής ενός τέτοιου πεδίου και η χρηστικότητα του. Όσο αφορά την δομή της εργασίας, στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται μια ιστορική αναδρομή στα μη επανδρωμένα συστήματα και παρατίθενται κάποιες γενικές πληροφορίες για την αναγκαιότητα δημιουργίας και ύπαρξης πεδίων βαθμονόμησης. Στην συνέχεια στο δεύτερο μέρος, αναφέρονται στοιχεία για ήδη υπάρχοντα πεδία ανά τον κόσμο και αναλύεται η φιλοσοφία πάνω στην οποία έχουν σχεδιαστεί. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο δίνονται στοιχεία για το πεδίο βαθμονόμησης το οποίο θα δημιουργηθεί για την παρούσα έρευνα. Στην συνέχεια αναλύονται τα σενάρια τα οποία επιλέχθηκαν να ακολουθηθούν για την συλλογή δεδομένων στην συγκεκριμένη εργασία και τα μέσα τα οποία χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για την βαθμονόμηση. Τέλος στα δύο τελευταία κεφάλαια γίνεται η ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων της βαθμονόμησης, η σύγκριση μεταξύ των μεθόδων που έλαβαν χώρα και παρατίθενται τα συμπεράσματα τα οποία εξήχθησαν από την διαδικασία.
description: This thesis is referring to UAV calibration fields. The goal of this research is to create a calibration field for unmanned aerial vehicles, to calibrate a photogrammetric system and to determine its geometric parameters. The general idea of this project was to investigate the utility of calibrations fields and their products in the photogrammetric procedure, the means of creation and maintenance of a calibration field and other factors such as building costs and usage. Regarding to the structure of this dissertation in chapter one are mentioned some general information about unmanned aerial vehicles. Chapter two refers to some already existing calibration fields around the world. In chapter three the calibration field that was created for this research is presented. In chapter four the analysis of the data collection and post processing procedures are shown. Finally the last chapters referring to the results and conclusions of the research.
Polarization tensor of magnetized quark-gluon plasma at nonzero baryon density
Creators: name: Wang, Xinyang
name: Shovkovy, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a general expression for the absorptive part of the one-loop photon polarization tensor in a strongly magnetized quark-gluon plasma at nonzero baryon chemical potential. To demonstrate the application of the main result in the context of heavy-ion collisions, we study the effect of a nonzero baryon chemical potential on the photon emission rate. The rate and the ellipticity of photon emission are studied numerically as a function the transverse momentum (energy) for several values of temperature and chemical potential. When the chemical potential is small compared to the temperature, the rates of the quark and antiquark splitting processes (i.e., $q\rightarrow q +γ$ and $\bar{q}\rightarrow \bar{q} +γ$, respectively) are approximately the same. However, the quark splitting gradually becomes the dominant process with increasing the chemical potential. We also find that increasing the chemical potential leads to a growing total photon production rate but has only a small effect on the ellipticity of photon emission. The quark-antiquark annihilation ($q+\bar{q}\rightarrow γ$) also contributes to the photon production, but its contribution remains relatively small for a wide range of temperatures and chemical potentials investigated.
description: 17 pages, 6 multi-panel figures, published version
Asymptotic Behavior of Spherically Symmetric Marginally Trapped Tubes
Creators: name: Williams, Catherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give conditions on a general stress-energy tensor T_{αβ} in a spherically symmetric black hole spacetime which are sufficient to guarantee that the black hole will contain a (spherically symmetric) marginally trapped tube which is eventually achronal, connected, and asymptotic to the event horizon. Price law decay per se is not required for this asymptotic result, and in this general setting, such decay only implies that the marginally trapped tube has finite length with respect to the induced metric. We do, however, impose a smallness condition (B1) which one may obtain in practice by imposing decay on the T_{vv} component of the stress-energy tensor. We give two applications of the theorem to self-gravitating Higgs field spacetimes, one using weak Price law decay, the other certain strong smallness and monotonicity assumptions.
description: 43 pages, 7 figures. Updated to agree with published version; Theorem 1 strengthened slightly, minor issues fixed
Introducing an antibiotic stewardship program in a humanitarian surgical hospital
Creators: name: Bhalla, Naina
name: Nagham Hussein
name: Atari, Maha
name: Fakhri, Rasheed M.
name: Lepora, Chiara
name: Walsh, Nadia
name: Cosgrove, Sara E.
name: Vilain, Stephanie
name: Murphy, Richard A.
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is growing rapidly in low and middle income countries including the Middle East. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) aim to promote more optimal antibiotic use in hospitalized patients by providing support for the selection of the appropriate antibiotic, dose, duration, and route .This has been shown to reduce the cost and improve the quality of care. There is little published experience concerning ASP implementation in low and middle income countries. We present the experience in introducing an antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) in an MSF surgical project in Amman, Jordan.MSF implemented a simple ASP in a humanitarian surgical project that was feasible, well accepted and effective, markedly reducing antibiotic consumption. In addition, the ASP led to the recognition of related needs in the project, including improving administration of antibiotics in the ward and strengthening oversight of patients receiving long-term outpatient antibiotic therapy. The ASP in Amman provides a potential model for potential implementation in additional MSF hospitals with high levels of antibiotic utilization in 2015.
"They eat it like sweets". Perceptions of antibiotics and antibiotic-use by patients, prescribers and pharmacists in a district hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan
Creators: name: Burtscher, Doris
name: Al-Kourdi, Yasmine
name: Gbane Mahama
name: Overloop, Catherine Van
name: Celine Leto
name: Bajis, Sahar
name: Nasim, Masood
name: Bergh, Rafael Van Den
name: Sokhieng Au
name: Sattar, Abdul
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Only little qualitative research has been done on antibiotic use from the perspective of the patients and even less on antibiotic use in countries of the Middle East. Much literature explores the reason why doctors prescribe antibiotics even though it would not be necessary. This study adds to literature on antibiotic use with an emic perspective and illustrates why people in a district hospital in Kabul think they need to use antibiotics.The majority of the population attending Ahmad Shah Baba Hospital lacks knowledge of the risks of antibiotic misuse. Antibiotics are much preferred in the population, mainly to treat the consequences of the ‘polluted environment’. This study forms the basis to plan and design a health promotion programme among the population attending Ahmad Shah Baba hospital. Additionally, MSF will discuss and advocate for the regulation of antibiotics at national level in order to curb excessive antibiotic use.
Μια συνδυαστική προσέγγιση κατανεμημένης Serverless αρχιτεκτονικής και μεθόδων μηχανικής μάθησης για τον εντοπισμό ψευδών ειδήσεων
Creators: name: Δάογλου, Παύλος Διαμαντή
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: Μηχανική Μάθηση
Ψευδείς ειδήσεις
Κατανεμημένη αρχιτεκτονική Serverless
Machine Learning
Fake news
Serverless architecture

description: Με την ευρεία χρήση των κοινωνικών δικτύων και των υπηρεσιών δημοσίευσης κειμένου, καθίσταται πλέον ευκολότερο για τους χρήστες του διαδικτύου να εκφράσουν και να μοιραστούν τις απόψεις τους πάνω σε κάποιο θέμα. Συχνά παρατηρείται το φαινόμενο ειδησεογραφικές σελίδες να αναπαράγουν φήμες και ανακρίβειες αποσκοπώντας στην αύξηση των επισκέψεων. Πολλές φορές ακόμη και έγκυρες ειδήσεις παρουσιάζονται με τέτοιον τρόπο ώστε να εγείρουν το ενδιαφέρον των αναγνωστών. Όλα τα παραπάνω συντελούν σταδιακά στην διάδοση φημών ή ψευδών ειδήσεων. Σε αυτήν την εργασία θα επικεντρωθούμε στην δημιουργία ενός εργαλείου που θα επιτρέπει την εύκολη και γρήγορη αξιολόγηση των ψηφιακών κειμένων ως προς την ορθότητά τους. Για να επιτευχθεί κάτι τέτοιο θα αξιοποιηθούν τεχνικές μηχανικής μάθησης και εξόρυξης γνώσης από κείμενα. Η υλοποίηση της εφαρμογής θα γίνει με χρήση state-of-the-art εργαλείων για την υποστήριξη Serverless αρχιτεκτονικών και επεξεργασίας κειμένου.
description: Due to the wide adoption of social networks and the various content creation services is much easier than ever for the users to express and share their opinions upon a specific subject. Often, news sites reproduce claims and misleading information in a pursue to increase the number of visitors and page views. Furthermore, there are even cases in which accurate and truthful content is presented in such a way so as to trigger readers’ interest. All these reasons contribute to the gradual diffusion of fake news. Fake news gained a lot of attention during the Presidential Election of 2016 in the US with political parties blaming each other for spreading propaganda and attempting to influence public opinion. Initial reports suggest that for this particular period of time some of the most popular news stories published on social media were fake while total engagements for top false election stories shared on Facebook surpassed in volume those from credible sources. The growing interest in fake news and their impact on social, political, economic and other environments has started a discussion among research communities on whether it is possible to utilize machine learning techniques so as to effectively identify potentially misleading content. In this thesis we focus on the development of a tool that will allow users to easily and quickly verify the truthfulness of a digital document. Machine learning and text mining techniques will be exploited in order to achieve this functionality. The implementation will be based on state-of-the-art tools and Serverless architecture.
A Very High Spectral Resolution Study of Ground-State OH Masers in W3(OH)
Creators: name: Fish, Vincent L.
name: Brisken, Walter F.
name: Sjouwerman, Loránt O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present VLBA observations of the ground-state hydroxyl masers in W3(OH) at 0.02 km s-1 spectral resolution. Over 250 masers are detected, including 56 Zeeman pairs. Lineshapes are predominantly Gaussian or combinations of several Gaussians, with normalized deviations typically of the same magnitude as in masers in other species. Typical FWHM maser linewidths are 0.15 to 0.38 km s-1 and are larger in the 1665 MHz transition than in the other three ground-state transitions. The satellite-line 1612 and 1720 MHz masers show no evidence of sigma^+/-2,3 components. The spatial positions of most masers are seen to vary across the line profile, with many spots showing clear, organized positional gradients. Equivalent line-of-sight velocity gradients in the plane of the sky typically range from 0.01 to 1 km s-1 AU-1 (i.e., positional gradients of 1 to 100 AU (km s-1)-1). Small velocity gradients in the 1667 MHz transition support theoretical predictions that 1667 MHz masers appear in regions with small velocity shifts along the amplification length. Deconvolved maser spot sizes appear to be larger in the line wings but do not support a spherical maser geometry.
description: 17 pages, including 13 figures and 2 tables, uses emulateapj.cls, accepted to ApJ
Barbershop: GAN-based Image Compositing using Segmentation Masks
Creators: name: Zhu, Peihao
name: Abdal, Rameen
name: Femiani, John
name: Wonka, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Seamlessly blending features from multiple images is extremely challenging because of complex relationships in lighting, geometry, and partial occlusion which cause coupling between different parts of the image. Even though recent work on GANs enables synthesis of realistic hair or faces, it remains difficult to combine them into a single, coherent, and plausible image rather than a disjointed set of image patches. We present a novel solution to image blending, particularly for the problem of hairstyle transfer, based on GAN-inversion. We propose a novel latent space for image blending which is better at preserving detail and encoding spatial information, and propose a new GAN-embedding algorithm which is able to slightly modify images to conform to a common segmentation mask. Our novel representation enables the transfer of the visual properties from multiple reference images including specific details such as moles and wrinkles, and because we do image blending in a latent-space we are able to synthesize images that are coherent. Our approach avoids blending artifacts present in other approaches and finds a globally consistent image. Our results demonstrate a significant improvement over the current state of the art in a user study, with users preferring our blending solution over 95 percent of the time.
description: Project page: https://zpdesu.github.io/Barbershop/ Video: https://youtu.be/ZU-yrAvoJfQ
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of perpendicularly magnetized permalloy multilayer disks
Creators: name: De Loubens, G.
name: Naletov, V. V.
name: Viret, Michel
name: Klein, Olivier
name: Hurdequint, Hervé
name: Youssef, J. Ben
name: Boust, F.
name: Vukadinovic, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a Magnetic Resonance Force Microscope, we compare the ferromagnetic resonance spectra of individual micron-size disks with identical diameter, 1 $m$m, but different layer structures. For a disk composed of a single 43.3 nm thick permalloy (Py) layer, the lowest energy mode in the perpendicular configuration is the uniform precession. The higher energy modes are standing spin-waves confined along the diameter of the disk. For a Cu(30)/Py(100)/Cu(30) nm multilayer structure, it has been interpreted that the lowest energy mode becomes a precession localized at the Cu/Py interfaces. When the multilayer is changed to Py(100)/Cu(10)/Py(10) nm, this localized mode of the thick layer is coupled to the precession of the thin layer.
Understanding the West’s Negative stereotype of Muslims and critically analyzing the application of this stereotype in the television show HOMELAND
Creators: name: Rawleigh, Mia Michael
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: Stereotypes
Muslims
Racism
Στερέοτυπα
Μουσουλμάνοι
Ρατσισμός

description: The purpose of my research thesis was to understand from where and why the negative stereotype of Muslims exists in Western society (particularly in the United States) and how it is spread. Further, the paper analyzed how this stereotype is applied in the entertainment industry, specifically in the American television show Homeland. The research showed that Islam has long been considered “the enemy of the West” through multiple historical events between Christians and Islam, and then later between the United States and its allies and predominantly Islamic countries. Further, the media has long used the technique of agenda setting to tell its audience what to think about, and they often frame conflicts between the West and Islam as “good vs. evil.” Finally, the entertainment industry is one of the key factors in being responsible for perpetuating this negative stereotype throughout society, as Muslim characters are often portrayed as terrorists, evil, anti-American, barbaric, and so on. This paper critically analyzed the show Homeland season 1, which centers its plot around what the CIA believes is an imminent terror attack on US soil. The CIA must decipher who is a part of plotting against the American government and its people, with much of the season focusing its suspicions on Muslim characters and how their religion plays a factor in their behavior.
What does MSF research achieve? Assessment of the impact of research conducted by MSF OCA, January 2013 to August 2014
Creators: name: Kamenetzky, Adam
name: Venis, Sarah
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) conducts research to improve the effectiveness of its medical humanitarian programmes, publishing around 140 articles yearly in the scientific and medical literature. This study builds on MSF’s previously published efforts to evaluate in a systematic fashion the benefits of this research. We assessed studies conducted by MSF Operational Centre Amsterdam (OCA) from January 2013 to August 2014, with the aim of determining the dissemination of findings and the impact of this research.Two-thirds of the research analysed had been disseminated or produced an impact, but only 40% of studies reported real-world effects, at up to 18 months post-completion. Dissemination activities and collaboration are usually necessary but not sufficient to achieve impact.

Consideration should be given as to how the results of descriptive studies are disseminated and applied. Context was not assessed; future assessment efforts should categorise the emergency context in which studies are conducted. A further limitation is that some recently-completed studies may require more time to deliver impacts. Next steps include developing an outcomes-gathering tool customised for MSF and integrating impact findings into the OCA research system.
Energy Spectra of Developed Turbulencein Helium Superfluids
Creators: name: L'vov, Victor S.
name: Nazarenko, Sergei V.
name: Skrbek, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest a "minimal model" for the 3D turbulent energy spectra in superfluids, based on their two-fluid description. We start from the Navier-Stokes equation for the normal fluid and from the coarse-grained hydrodynamic equation for the superfluid component (obtained from the Euler equation for the superfluid velocity after averaging over the vortex lines) and introduce a mutual friction coupling term, proportional to the counterflow velocity, the average superfluid vorticity and to the temperature dependent parameter $q=α/(1+α')$, where $α$ and $α'$ denote the dimensionless parameters characterizing the mutual friction between quantized vortices and the normal component of the liquid. We then derive the energy balance equations, taking into account the cross-velocity correlations. We obtain all asymptotical solutions for normal and superfluid energy spectra for limiting cases of small/big normal to superfluid density ratio and coupling. We discuss the applicability limits of our model to superfluid He II and to $^3$He-B and compare the model predictions with available experimental data.
description: 17 pages, 4 figs, J low Temperature Physics, submitted
Search for continuous gravitational waves from ten H.E.S.S. sources using a hidden Markov model
Creators: name: Beniwal, Deeksha
name: Clearwater, Patrick
name: Dunn, Liam
name: Melatos, Andrew
name: Ottaway, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Isolated neutron stars are prime targets for continuous-wave (CW) searches by ground-based gravitational$-$wave interferometers. Results are presented from a CW search targeting ten pulsars. The search uses a semicoherent algorithm, which combines the maximum-likelihood $\mathcal{F}$-statistic with a hidden Markov model (HMM) to efficiently detect and track quasi$-$monochromatic signals which wander randomly in frequency. The targets, which are associated with TeV sources detected by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.), are chosen to test for gravitational radiation from young, energetic pulsars with strong $\mathrmγ$-ray emission, and take maximum advantage of the frequency tracking capabilities of HMM compared to other CW search algorithms. The search uses data from the second observing run of the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (aLIGO). It scans 1$-$Hz sub-bands around $f_*$, 4$f_*$/3, and 2$f_*$, where $f_*$ denotes the star's rotation frequency, in order to accommodate a physically plausible frequency mismatch between the electromagnetic and gravitational-wave emission. The 24 sub-bands searched in this study return 5,256 candidates above the Gaussian threshold with a false alarm probability of 1$\%$ per sub-band per target. Only 12 candidates survive the three data quality vetoes which are applied to separate non$-$Gaussian artifacts from true astrophysical signals. CW searches using the data from subsequent observing runs will clarify the status of the remaining candidates.
description: 28 pages, 22 figures; accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Successful implementation and outcomes of two linkage to HIV care strategies in Rural Swaziland
Creators: name: Rusike, Lorraine
name: Kerschberger, Bernhard
name: Mpumelolo Ndlangamandla
name: Inoussa Zabsonre
name: Thembani Ncube
name: Muci Nzima
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: HIV testing and counselling (HTC) and successful linkage into HIV care are the entry point for anti-retroviral therapy (ART) initiation and pre-ART care. High linkage rates are particularly important in Treatment as Prevention (TasP) strategies, as piloted in Swaziland and offering ART to all HIV+ clients for HIV incidence reduction. This retrospective analysis describes two implementation strategies aiming to increase linkage into HIV care.Linkage to care improved after interventions. Reported changes in post-counselling sessions may also have contributed to improved outcomes. Despite the limitations of small sample size and incomplete intervention exposure, findings should encourage programme managers facing similar challenges. Findings will be shared with the Ministry of Health to inform programme planning. Improving linkage rates will also support Treatment as Preventions strategies in the intervention area.
Search for the rare charged decay kaon->pion neutrino antineutrino
Creators: name: Roy, Jean
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: An experimental search for the flavour-changing weak neutral current decay K⁺ → π⁺ vv was performed in the π+ kinematic energy range 60 < Tπ+ < 100 MeV. The Standard Model theo- retical prediction for the branching ratio is within the bounds (0.5—4.5) x 10⁻¹⁰. An observation at a rate significantly in excess of the prediction would be an indicator of new physics. The experiment was also sensitive to decays of the type K⁺ → π⁺X⁰, where X° is a weakly interacting massive neutral particle with mass in the range 150 < Mxo < 260 M.2eV/c² The search was carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory, using an intense beam of positively charged kaons. A specialized detector selected candidate K⁺ → π⁺vv decays among a large background of other processes by identifying K⁺ decays at rest, measuring the momentum, kinetic energy and range of the π⁺ , recording its decay sequence for positive identification and vetoing photons from background processes. Data were collected in two different periods in 1989 and 1991. After analysis of the 1989 data set, no events were observed, allowing a 90% confidence level upper limit of 1.7 x 10⁻⁸ to be set for the branching ratio. This is a factor of 55 improvement over the previous experiment using the same region of phase space. Studies performed after the analysis was completed led to an estimated expected background of less than one event. In the 1991 data set, atotalof4 events were observed, with an estimated background of less than two events. The studies leading to this estimate were performed before the final analysis was carried out, resulting in reduced bias. However, uncertainties in the background estimate precluded the identification of the source of the events. Therefore, an upper limit of 5.0 x 10⁻⁸ was set for the branching ratio, based on the observation of 4 events.
Deep cross-modality (MR-CT) educed distillation learning for cone beam CT lung tumor segmentation
Creators: name: Jiang, Jue
name: Alam, Sadegh Riyahi
name: Chen, Ishita
name: Zhang, Perry
name: Rimner, Andreas
name: Deasy, Joseph O.
name: Veeraraghavan, Harini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite the widespread availability of in-treatment room cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging, due to the lack of reliable segmentation methods, CBCT is only used for gross set up corrections in lung radiotherapies. Accurate and reliable auto-segmentation tools could potentiate volumetric response assessment and geometry-guided adaptive radiation therapies. Therefore, we developed a new deep learning CBCT lung tumor segmentation method. Methods: The key idea of our approach called cross modality educed distillation (CMEDL) is to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to guide a CBCT segmentation network training to extract more informative features during training. We accomplish this by training an end-to-end network comprised of unpaired domain adaptation (UDA) and cross-domain segmentation distillation networks (SDN) using unpaired CBCT and MRI datasets. Feature distillation regularizes the student network to extract CBCT features that match the statistical distribution of MRI features extracted by the teacher network and obtain better differentiation of tumor from background.} We also compared against an alternative framework that used UDA with MR segmentation network, whereby segmentation was done on the synthesized pseudo MRI representation. All networks were trained with 216 weekly CBCTs and 82 T2-weighted turbo spin echo MRI acquired from different patient cohorts. Validation was done on 20 weekly CBCTs from patients not used in training. Independent testing was done on 38 weekly CBCTs from patients not used in training or validation. Segmentation accuracy was measured using surface Dice similarity coefficient (SDSC) and Hausdroff distance at 95th percentile (HD95) metrics.
description: The paper has been accepted to Medical Physics
Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant/postpartum women with eclampsia in a large referral hospital in Bo, Sierra Leone (1/1/2010-1/1/2014)
Creators: name: Caluwaerts, Séverine
name: Imose Itua
name: Maikere, Jacob
name: Trye, Patrick
name: Bergh, Rafael Van Den
name: Plecker, Eva De
name: Alders, Petra
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Eclampsia is the second most frequent reason of maternal mortality after haemorrhage. Sierra Leone is currently the country with the highest maternal mortality worldwide (WHO, 2014). This study aims to determine the case fatality rate due to eclampsia for pregnant/postpartum women in Gondama Referral, Centre, Bo Sierra Leone for the period 1/1/2010-1/1/2014. A secondary aim is to determine the case fatality rate for neonates/foetuses of eclamptic mothers during the same period. Additionally we are trying to find the maternal riskfactors associated with maternal mortality.This study indicates that greater efforts are required in obstetrical care, particularly outside of the Bo province. More investment in neonatal care within MSF is needed to reduce perinatal mortality.
Su(2) intelligent states as coupled su(2) coherent states
Creators: name: Lavoie, Benjamin R.
name: de Guise, Hubert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how su(2) intelligent states can be obtained by coupling su(2) coherent states. The construction is simple and efficient, and easily leads to a discussion of some general properties of su(2) intelligent states.
description: to appear in J.Phys.A