cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Environmental impact assessment and the promise of eco-pragmatism : a consideration of the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act
Creators: name: Sandgathe, Tracey Layne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Because of the potential for development to have negative environmental impacts, one of the most important questions addressed by environmental law and policy is whether and how to allow development to proceed. In Canada this question is answered primarily through environmental impact assessment ("EIA"). At the federal level, EIAs are required under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, S.C. 1992, c. 37 ("CEAA") for certain types of proposed projects and activities. Although CEAA's purposes include fostering both a healthy environment and economy, the Act does not provide any instruction on how to balance or choose between these goals in situations where both goals cannot be served. In 1999 Professor Daniel Farber developed a methodology he refers to as 'eco-pragmatism' in an attempt to create a means by which society's competing (and often contrary) values can be balanced and satisfactory trade-offs arrived at. In this thesis the differences between CEAA and eco-pragmatism are explored and consideration is given to whether eco-pragmatism might assist in resolving the value conflicts that often characterize EIAs. Of particular interest is whether Farber's approach might improve the CEAA framework and assist CEAA decision-makers in determining whether proposed projects should be approved. It is argued that although eco-pragmatism is useful, it is not adequate if the ultimate goal is environmental protection that is sustainable into the future. Both CEAA and eco-pragmatism focus on the mitigation of negative environmental effects, rather than on achieving long-term environmental gains or observing a minimum environmental standard. Accordingly, both arguably have the effect of slowing the erosion of environmental quality, but each fails to observe some sort of environmental 'bottom line' that would impose an ultimate limit on negative impact. It is suggested that an ultimate limit is a necessary (albeit difficult) element of environmental law.
WIELOFUNKCYJNOŚĆ ROLNICTWA – KONCEPTUALIZACJA I OPERACJONALIZACJA ZJAWISKA
Creators: name: Wilkin, Jerzy
name: Wilkin, Jerzy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: multifunctionality of agriculture
subject: common agricultural policy
subject: European model of agriculture
subject: agricultural economics

description: The article deals with one of the most important questions concerning agriculture and agricultural policy at present, namely the question of agriculture’s multifunctionality and the phenomenon’s relation to agricultural policy, especially at the EU level. The article marks an attempt at the identification of agriculture’s function in relation to market production and non-market production as well as its influence on the natural environment and on the social and cultural spheres. The author analyses the phenomenon of agriculture’s mutifunctionality in the context of the concept of sustainable development, the problem of evaluation of the non-market functions of agriculture, the problem of food safety and legitimization of public assistance to agriculture in the European Union.
The discount mechanism in the United States
Creators: name: GARVY, G.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: US, FED, discount mechanism, central bank credit, bank liquidity, monetary policy
subject: E51, E52, E58

description: In July 1968 the Federal Reserve Board released a broad-gauged study of the discount mechanism containing significant proposals for changes in existing arrangements for access to central bank credit at the initiative of member banks. The proposals, rather than representing a radical departure from past practises, are designed to reestablish the discount window in its traditional role as a temporary source of bank liquidity. The discount mechanism study represents one of the most ambitious efforts undertaken by the FED to explore ways for improving an important monetary tool at its disposal in light of past experience. The present article briefly reviews the important differences between the role of the discount mechanism in the United States and in the other leading countries, before discussing the scope and significance of the Discount Study and its recommendations. JEL: E51, E52, E58
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 21, N. 87 (1968)
Additional file 2 of Widespread and tissue-specific expression of endogenous retroelements in human somatic tissues
Creators: name: Jean-David Larouche
name: Trofimov, Assya
name: Hesnard, Leslie
name: Ehx, Gregory
name: Qingchuan Zhao
name: Krystel Vincent
name: Durette, Chantal
name: Gendron, Patrick
name: Jean-Philippe Laverdure
name: Éric Bonneil
name: Côté, Caroline
name: Lemieux, Sébastien
name: Thibault, Pierre
name: Perreault, Claude
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Comparison of ERE expression between mTECs and other cell types. Figure S2. Quintile ranking of ERE families in healthy human tissues. Figure S3. Manual validation of ereMAPs’ nucleotide coding sequence in the human genome. Figure S4. Expression of ereMAPs’ coding sequences in healthy human tissues. Figure S5. Expression profiling of B-LCL ereMAPs in cancer. Figure S6. Comparison of amino acid usage of ERE-derived, viral and human MAPs. Figure S7. Assessment of ERE-derived MAPs’ immunogenicity.
Variational regularisation for inverse problems with imperfect forward operators and general noise models
Creators: name: Bungert, Leon
name: Burger, Martin
name: Korolev, Yury
name: Schoenlieb, Carola-Bibiane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A52, 65J20, 65J22, 65K10

description: We study variational regularisation methods for inverse problems with imperfect forward operators whose errors can be modelled by order intervals in a partial order of a Banach lattice. We carry out analysis with respect to existence and convex duality for general data fidelity terms and regularisation functionals. Both for a-priori and a-posteriori parameter choice rules, we obtain convergence rates of the regularized solutions in terms of Bregman distances. Our results apply to fidelity terms such as Wasserstein distances, f-divergences, norms, as well as sums and infimal convolutions of those.
ZMIANY ZATRUDNIENIA I ŹRÓDEŁ UTRZYMANIA LUDNOŚCI W GOSPODARSTWACH ROLNYCH W LATACH 2005–2007
Creators: name: Frenkel, Izasław
name: Frenkel, Izasław
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: The article presents the results of an analysis of changes in the employment and sources of incomes of the population of private farms in light of the data of representative surveys of the structure of agricultural farms conducted by the Central Statistical Office (GUS) in 2005 and 2007. The employment analysis was focussed on changes in the number of working persons among the farms’ population, examined in accordance with its division into the group of persons working exclusively, chiefly and additionally on a farm, and on changes in the demographic and educational structure of each of these groups. The analysis of incomes was focussed on changes in the structure of households assessed from the point of view of the main sources of income such as income from agricultural activity, income earned through work done under contract, income from non-agricultural economic activity and non-earned income, including old age and disability pensions. Changes in both employment and incomes were analysed in accordance with the division of farms into acreage groups. The assessment of the revealed tendencies permits to state that the direction of the analysed changes was generally desirable: the overall number of persons working on farms diminished, the proportion of persons working outside agriculture and having incomes from such work increased, the educational level of the farms’ users improved. The main factors of the recorded changes were: a decline in the number of farms and an improvement in their acreage structure, a rise in the demand for labour outside agriculture and the development of education at secondary and higher levels.
Designing three-dimensional flat bands in nodal-line semimetals
Creators: name: Lau, Alexander
name: Hyart, Timo
name: Autieri, Carmine
name: Chen, Anffany
name: Pikulin, Dmitry I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrons with large kinetic energy have a superconducting instability for infinitesimal attractive interactions. Quenching the kinetic energy and creating a flat band renders an infinitesimal repulsive interaction the relevant perturbation. Thus, flat band systems are an ideal platform to study the competition of superconductivity and magnetism and their possible coexistence. Recent advances in the field of twisted bilayer graphene highlight this in the context of two-dimensional materials. Two dimensions, however, put severe restrictions on the stability of the low-temperature phases due to enhanced fluctuations. Only three-dimensional flat bands can solve the conundrum of combining the exotic flat-band phases with stable order existing at high temperatures. Here, we present a way to generate such flat bands through strain engineering in topological nodal-line semimetals. We present analytical and numerical evidence for this scenario and study the competition of the arising superconducting and magnetic orders as a function of externally controlled parameters. We show that the order parameter is rigid because the quantum geometry of the Bloch wave functions leads to a large superfluid stiffness. Using density-functional theory and numerical tight-binding calculations we further apply our theory to strained rhombohedral graphite and CaAgP materials.
description: 8 pages + Appendix, contains link to data repository. v2: change of title, extended introduction and discussion, two new sections in the Appendix
KSZTAŁTOWANIE SIĘ NOWEJ STRUKTURY WŁASNOŚCIOWEJ I PRAWNO-ORGANIZACYJNEJ PRODUCENTÓW ROLNYCH W ROSJI
Creators: name: Dzun, Włodzimierz
name: Dzun, Włodzimierz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: agricultural reform
subject: de-collectivisation of agriculture
subject: restructuring of kolkhozes and sovkhozes
subject: legal-organisational structure of agricultural producers
subject: agricultural enterprises
subject: private farms
subject: household crofts
subject: structure of utilisation of arable land
subject: structure of labour resources
subject: structure of agricultural production

description: The democratic and market reforms inaugurated in Russia in the early 1990s marked also the beginning of a spontaneous process shaping a new legal-organisational structure of agricultural producers. The basis for the start of this process was the agricultural reform (de-collectivisation of agriculture) providing for the apportionment of arable land to the farm workers by means of the so-called stakes (some 12 million persons) and for the restructuring of kolkhozes and sovkhozes. The principal tendencies that characterise this process are: firstly, the formation - chiefly on the basis of the former kolkhozes and sovkhozes, of a new organisational-legal structure of agricultural enterprises based on private ownership, secondly, the emergence and development of a new group of agricultural producers (farmers) and, thirdly, the strengthening of an extremely large group of household crofts which have a very long tradition in Russian agriculture. The process is reflected also in the changing structure of land and labour resources and, consequently, in the structure of agricultural production which changes under the influence of the emerging forms of husbandry. The principal tendency in this process is growth in the number of private farms and household crofts and a decline in the number of agricultural enterprises.
The first half of the development decade: growth, trade and the balance of payments of the developing countries, 1960-65
Creators: name: BALASSA, B.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Development, growth, performance, less developed countries, exports, foreign capital, exchange
subject: F31, F34, O11, O40

description: The developing countries approached the Development Decade - the period 1960-1970 - with great expectations. While export prospects were viewed with some pessimism, a considerable increase in the rate of economic growth was forecast. The present work uses data from the first half of the sixties in order to evaluate the extent to which these projections have been realised. The author considers the growth performance of the developing countries, increases in their exports and in the inflow of foreign capital, the use of foreign exchange earnings, the main influences affecting their economic growth, and the prospers for the second half of the Development Decade. JEL: F31, F34, O11, O40
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 21, N. 87 (1968)
Quantum corrections to the entropy in a driven quantum Brownian motion model
Creators: name: Qiu, Tian
name: Quan, H. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Brownian motion model is a typical model in the study of nonequilibrium quantum thermodynamics. Entropy is one of the most fundamental physical concepts in thermodynamics. In this work, by solving the quantum Langevin equation, we study the von Neumann entropy of a particle undergoing quantum Brownian motion. In both the strong and the weak coupling regimes, we obtain the analytical expression of the time evolution of the Wigner function in terms of the initial Wigner function. The result is applied to the thermodynamic equilibrium initial state, which reproduces its classical counterpart in the high-temperature limit. Based on these results, for those initial states having well-defined classical counterparts, we obtain the explicit expression of the quantum corrections to the entropy of the system. Moreover, under the Markovian approximation, we obtain the expression of the quantum corrections to the total entropy production rate ${e_{\rm p}}$ and the heat dissipation rate ${h_{\rm d}}$. Our results bring important insights to the understanding of entropy in open quantum systems.
The dynamics of investment in Italy, 1951-1967
Creators: name: CAMPOLONGO, A.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Investment, Italy, growth, policy, trends
subject: E22, E61

description: The article examines the overall trend of investment in Italy from 1951 onward in relation to the trend of the other parameters of the country’s economic growth, to the targets set out in the National Economic Development Plan 1966-1970, and to financing problems. In order to evaluate investment trends, the author analyses the main economic aggregates: Net National Product, depreciation, Gross National Product, imports and exports, total resources, and expenditure in consumption and investment. Taking into consideration the growth in population, in the years from 1951 to 1967 GNP increased at an average annual rate of 4.7 percent. This rate is relatively high compared with those of the country’s other historical periods and other comparable countries. JEL: E22, E61
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 21, N. 87 (1968)
A Quantitative Analysis of the Farmland Conversion Problem in Taiwan
Creators: name: Chang, Tsaiyu
name: Chang, Tsaiyu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: farmland conversion
subject: farmland price
subject: hedonic approach
subject: Taiwan agriculture

description: Past studies have pointed out that small farmers tend to continue farming for the purpose of keeping the proprietary rights to the farmland as assets, which is one of the reasons holding back the improvement of the agricultural structure in Taiwan. This paper examined farmland regulation in Taiwan and calculated the total revenue by farmland conversion in Taiwan. Then, the determinants of farmland price are estimated by the hedonic approach. From these analyses, it was shown that the total revenue of farmland conversion from 1992 to 2003 in Taiwan was 0.5-1.5 times the revenue from crop production. Furthermore, the analysis of the farmland price in the two years after May 2008 by hedonic approach shows that not only the quality of farmland, which raises the agricultural profit, but also such factors related to farmland conversion as the degree of population density and zoning regulations influence the farmland price.
Toxoneuron seyrigi, n.sp.
Creators: name: Madl, M.
name: Achterberg, C. Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Toxoneuron
Toxoneuron seyrigi

description: Toxoneuron seyrigi (GRANGER 1949)
 Cardiochile (!) seyrigi n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 342 (key), 344 (descr. ♂ ♀, Madagascar).
 Cardiochiles seyrigi GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT 1973: 800 (cat.).
 Toxoneuron seyrigi (GRANGER 1949): DANGERFIELD, AUSTIN & WHITFIELD 1999: 963 (tax., Madagascar).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Toliara: Bekily.
Endemic. The placement in this New World genus is tentative (DANGERFIELD, AUSTIN & WHITFIELD 1999: 963).
description: Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 70, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364
Additional file 4 of Barriers and facilitators to implementing bubble CPAP to improve neonatal health in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Creators: name: Mai-Lei Woo Kinshella
name: Walker, Celia R.
name: Tamanda Hiwa
name: Vidler, Marianne
name: Alinane Linda Nyondo-Mipando
name: Dube, Queen
name: Goldfarb, David M.
name: Kondwani Kawaza
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4:. Secondary objectives.
The potential volume of forward exchange facilities
Creators: name: EINZIG, P.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Forward exchange, facilities, controls, volume
subject: F31

description: The extensive and rapidly growing literature on forward exchange deals with its technique and with its theory almost exclusively from the point of view of the causes and effects of changes in forward rates. Very little has been published about the potential volume of forward exchange facilities. The present article analyses this aspect of the subject and its complexities, and at the same time corrects certain errors contained in the author’s earlier writings on the subject. While it is taken widely for granted that, in the absence of exchange controls affecting the freedom of dealing in forward exchanges, the volume of forward exchange operations has no limits, the author demonstrates that this “sky is the limit” view toward forward exchange transactions is mistaken. JEL: F31
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 21, N. 87 (1968)
The euro-dollar and the internationalization of United States monetary policy
Creators: name: KINDLEBERGER, C.P.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: SDR, liquidity, exchange-rate flexibility, financial intermediation, Euro-dollar
subject: E52, E42, E51

description: The last two years have seen a series of monetary crises which have led a number of observers to the opinion that the international monetary system, as we have known it, is on its last legs. The essence of the problem is that it may not be possible to keep the gold standard or the gold exchange standard when various countries have policies which are not in harmony. The author comments on the changing landscape of the international monetary system, the problems it faces and the reforms that are being proposed. Although the consensus or community necessary to run it is lacking, it is argued that the fixed-rate system is the most liberal, open and international. JEL: E52, E42, E51
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 22, N. 88 (1969)
Non-tariff barriers and the free-trade area option
Creators: name: WALTER, I.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Free trade, non-tariff barriers, international trade, industrial countries, protectionism
subject: F13, F42, F53

description: The present state of international commercial policy among the industrial countries of the world has called forth lively discussion concerning new initiatives that should be taken during the 1970s toward freer trade. The absence of such initiatives, it is felt, may well result in a general resurgence of protectionism and an undoing of the gains attained during the decade of the 1960s. One alternative would be the creation of a broad-based industrial free trade area. This possibility has aroused considerable interest in the United States, Britain and Canada as a potentially viable trade policy option for these countries. The present paper investigates the relationship between the free-trade area option and non-tariff barriers to international trade among industrial countries. JEL: F13, F42, F53
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 22, N. 88 (1969)
The Heckscher-Ohlin model and the tariff structures of the industrial countries
Creators: name: ZANDANO, G.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Trade, Heckscher-Ohlin, protectionism, tariffs, factor-proportions theory
subject: F12, F13, F16

description: Some recent empirical researches on the tariff structure of industrial countries have again drawn the attention to the problem of the empirical relevance of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory of trade and - incidentally - to the related question of the legitimacy of the discrimination charge levelled by the “third world” against the tariff schedules of the developed countries. Two studies in particular have argued that the relationship between labour intensity and protection is not definite. The present paper shows that these findings are based on the use of an inadequate definition of the factor-proportions concept. A correct identification of labour-intensive and capital-intensive manufacturers leads to fully different conclusions, which do not require the rejection of the factor-proportions theory of trade and show that the tariff schedules of some industrial countries are clearly biased against imports of manufacturers from developing countries. JEL: F12, F13, F16
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 22, N. 88 (1969)
Recent difficulties in Japan’s economic development
Creators: name: HOLLERMAN, L.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Japan, economic development, growth, asymmetries, international trade, cyclical instability, balance of payments
subject: O11, O53, F10

description: Various sorts of difficulties have emerged in the present phase of Japan’s postwar economic transition, including structural disparities, asymmetries, constraints and bottlenecks to further growth. To a substantial degree Japan’s present difficulties express in one way or another the increasing instability of its economy and its recently rising dependence on international trade. The present work reviews the current state of the Japanese economy considering first the domestic foundations of the economic “miracle”, before then analysing supply oriented exports, cyclical instability, balance of payments and finally countermeasures. The author concludes that as Japan’s dependence on the world economy increases, more outward-looking policies are required. JEL: O11, O53, F10
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 22, N. 88 (1969)
Heilpädagogische Früherziehung im Spannungsfeld zwischen Separation und Integration Ein Argumentarium zur Durchführung von heilpädagogischen Spielgruppen
Creators: name: Heggendorn, Monika
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Frühförderung
Schulische Integration
Masterarbeit

description: Nach der Ratifizierung der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention eröffnen sich in der Heilpädagogischen Früherziehung neue Denk- und Handlungsansätze in Bezug auf die Durchführung von heilpädagogischen Spielgruppen. In der vorliegenden Masterarbeit steht die Frage nach der Positionierung der Fachpersonen aus der Heilpädagogischen Früherziehung im Spannungsfeld zwischen integrativen und separativen Möglichkeiten im Zentrum. Dazu werden drei problemzentrierte Interviews, mit je zwei Interviewpartnerinnen, durchgeführt. Die Resultate, welche mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse erhoben werden, zeigen deutlich, dass eine Diskrepanz zwischen der Theorie und der Praxis besteht. Vorrangig werden bestehende Rahmenbedingungen in der Praxis genannt, welche die Umsetzung des integrativen Gedankens erschweren.
Unemployment and Agricultural Structure: Case of Miyada Village, Nagano
Creators: name: Yamazaki, Ryoichi
name: Yamazaki, Ryoichi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: unemployment
subject: agricultural structure
subject: business cycle
subject: safety net

description: In the 1980s, the Japanese economy shifted from the conventional agricultural labor-dependent economy, where capital accumulated while relying on the agricultural labor force, to the unemployed people-dependent economy, where capital accumulated while creating and absorbing unemployed people in response to a business cycle. In the target site of this paper, there were farm families that had unemployed members due to the lingering recession after the Lehman shock. This phenomenon was not found during the post-bubble depression in the early 1990s, which shows the emergence of new conditions brought by the transition of economy type to the unemployed people-dependent economy. Under the Food, Agriculture and Rural Area Basic Act enacted in 1999, agriculture and rural area policies aim to increase employment in rural areas and make them function as a safety net that absorbs unemployed people produced in times of a depression. In fact, the employment rate for elderly people rose at the target site along with the step-by-step raising of the pension eligibility age. This was because people there selected agriculture as a place of work in their old age. On the other hand, however, it is hard to say that agriculture served to fully absorb the unemployed or partially unemployed young and male labor force among farmers. It seems that a change in the employment and agricultural structures of farmers is accompanied by something like "inertia" and that once the direction of change has been established, this inertia makes it difficult for the structures to change direction quickly in a short period of time. On top of that, support for these unemployed people among farmers through policies has been insufficient. The unemployed people-dependent economy has forced a contradictory role on farmers, namely, provider of labor(in good times)and receiver of labor(in a depression). As far as the farmers at the target site are concerned, this contradiction seems to have been "resolved" as their role as a provider of labor has been overriding the role as a receiver of labor.
SARS-CoV-2 Entry Genes Are Most Highly Expressed in Nasal Goblet and Ciliated Cells within Human Airways
Creators: name: Sungnak, Waradon
name: Huang, Ni
name: Bécavin, Christophe
name: Berg, Marijn
name: Network, HCA Lung Biological
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, the etiologic agent responsible for COVID-19 coronavirus disease, is a global threat. To better understand viral tropism, we assessed the RNA expression of the coronavirus receptor, ACE2, as well as the viral S protein priming protease TMPRSS2 thought to govern viral entry in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets from healthy individuals generated by the Human Cell Atlas consortium. We found that ACE2, as well as the protease TMPRSS2, are differentially expressed in respiratory and gut epithelial cells. In-depth analysis of epithelial cells in the respiratory tree reveals that nasal epithelial cells, specifically goblet/secretory cells and ciliated cells, display the highest ACE2 expression of all the epithelial cells analyzed. The skewed expression of viral receptors/entry-associated proteins towards the upper airway may be correlated with enhanced transmissivity. Finally, we showed that many of the top genes associated with ACE2 airway epithelial expression are innate immune-associated, antiviral genes, highly enriched in the nasal epithelial cells. This association with immune pathways might have clinical implications for the course of infection and viral pathology, and highlights the specific significance of nasal epithelia in viral infection. Our findings underscore the importance of the availability of the Human Cell Atlas as a reference dataset. In this instance, analysis of the compendium of data points to a particularly relevant role for nasal goblet and ciliated cells as early viral targets and potential reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This, in turn, serves as a biological framework for dissecting viral transmission and developing clinical strategies for prevention and therapy.
Keynesian Economics Is Forced to Treat Workers as Lifeless Beings to Account for Unemployment
Creators: name: Maruyama, Yoshihiro
name: Maruyama, Yoshihiro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Keynesian economics
subject: self-employed production
subject: aggregate demand fluctuations
subject: aggregate employment fluctuations
subject: aggregate demand externality

description: In Keynesian Economics unemployed workers stop their work as well as their consumption of goods. They seem to have lost their life. As the aggregate demand recovers, they will be reemployed to restart their work as well as their consumption of goods as if lifeless machines have restarted their consumption of fuel. In reality many unemployed workers find their employment in self-employed production including agriculture to continue their production and their consumption of goods. Hence they maintain their demand for the output of capitalist firms for their materials and for their consumed goods. Thus the self-employed production that is the main theme of agricultural economics gives human life to Keynesian economics and gives rise to external economies to moderate fluctuations in the aggregate employment and the aggregate demand for output.
ИЧКИ ИШЛАР ОРГАНЛАРИНИНГ ҚАСДДАН БАДАНГА ОҒИР ШИКАСТ ЕТКАЗИШ ЖИНОЯТЛАРИГА ҚАРШИ КУРАШИШ ФАОЛИЯТИНИ ТАШКИЛ ЭТИШ МЕТОДИКАСИНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШНИНГ АСОСИЙ ЙЎНАЛИШЛАРИ (Бухоро вилояти мисолида)
Creators: name: Утепов, Дилмурод
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ушбу мақолада ички ишлар органларининг қасддан баданга оғир шикаст етказиш жиноятларига қарши курашиш фаолиятини ташкил этиш методикасини такомиллаштиришнинг асосий йўналишлари, ушбу турдаги жиноятнинг профилактикасини амалга ошириладиган чора-тадбирлар, уларнинг хусуситялари ва кутиладиган натижалар ёритилган
A monetary interpretation of the post-1965 inflation in the United States
Creators: name: FAND, D.I.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Inflation, monetary theory, monetary policy, fiscal policy, growth, policy implementation, US
subject: E31, E52, E62

description: One important assumption of non-monetary inflation theories is that the monetary theory of the “new economics” and the stabilisation theories followed since 1965 are basically sound. Accordingly, the ensuing inflation must be due to errors of implementation, whether committed by politicians or by the technicians. The implication of these theories is that the failure of the June 1968 tax action to stop the inflationary pressures thus far is somehow due to implementation errors, but does not reflect on the monetary actions taken since 1965. The present paper focuses on the monetary aspects of post-1965 inflation in the U.S.: Are the non-monetary inflation theories essentially correct in viewing the inflationary pressures in 1968 and 1969 as consequences of implementation errors committed in 1965 or 1966, at the time of the Vietnam escalation, and compounded by the delay in passing the surtax in 1967; or are they abstracting from the major factor in the current inflation - the extraordinary high rates of growth in the monetary aggregates since 1965, and especially the pronounced rise in the rate of monetary acceleration after the tax action in June 1968. JEL: E31, E52, E62
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 22, N. 89 (1969)
Regulation and control of the United Kingdom banking and financial structure
Creators: name: WILSON, J.S.G.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Financial regulation, bank regulation, UK, financial structure, control
subject: G18, G28

description: Britain has tended to avoid, except as a last resort, formal regulatory arrangements. Indeed, bank regulation so far has largely been by “suasion”, with no formal framework for bank examination and inspection. There seems now, however, to be an awakening interest in the possibility of a more comprehensive regulation of financial institutions, due in part to the splitting off a “secondary” banking system, and the emergence of a complex of parallel money markets. The present work analyses the regulation and control of the banking and financial structure in the United Kingdom. The author first briefly considers the extent of relevant legislation that is currently found on the statute books. The main objectives of any comprehensive legislation to regulate banks and similar financial institutions are then outlined. Finally, the appropriate legislation to achieve such objectives is considered. JEL: G18, G28
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 22, N. 89 (1969)
CutLang as an Analysis Description Language for Introducing Students to Analyses in Particle Physics
Creators: name: Adiguzel, Aytul
name: Cakir, Orhan
name: Kaya, Umit
name: Ozcan, V. Erkcan
name: Ozturk, Sertac
name: Sekmen, Sezen
name: Cakir, Ilkay Turk
name: Unel, N. Gokhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fifth edition of the "Computing Applications in Particle Physics" school was held on 3-7 February 2020, at Istanbul University, Turkey. This particular edition focused on the processing of simulated data from the Large Hadron Collider collisions using an Analysis Description Language and its runtime interpreter called CutLang. 24 undergraduate and 6 graduate students were initiated to collider data analysis during the school. After 3 days of lectures and exercises, the students were grouped into teams of 3 or 4 and each team was assigned an analysis publication from ATLAS or CMS experiments. After 1.5 days of independent study, each team was able to reproduce the assigned analysis using CutLang.
Monetary base and the control of credit in Italy
Creators: name: FAZIO, A.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Monetary policy, credit control, monetary base, interest rates, Italy
subject: E43, E51, E52

description: The most important instrument at the disposal of monetary authorities for the control of credit and the achievement of economic policy objectives consists in the regulation of the quantity of the monetary base. The present paper attempts to define the concept of monetary base, in general and in the Italian system, and then, by way of some econometric analysis, tries to estimate the effects of variations in the amount of monetary base on the level of interest rates and on the amount of credit. The empirical analysis is meant to be a test of the ways through which monetary base affects the amount of credit and interest rates, rather than a complete analysis of the behaviour of the demand for monetary base by the public and of the factors which influence the demand and supply of credit. JEL: E43, E51, E52
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 22, N. 89 (1969)
Charmon ramagei ROUSSE 2013
Creators: name: Madl, M.
name: Achterberg, C. Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Charmon
Charmon ramagei

description: Charmon ramagei ROUSSE 2013
 Charmon ramagei sp.nov.: ROUSSE 2013: 582 (tab. 1: tax.), 585 (key, descr. ♀, Réunion), 587 (figs 2a-f).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Réunion: Réunion.
Endemic.
description: Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 70, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364
Italy’s financial policies in the ’Sixties
Creators: name: BROVEDANI, B.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Italy, financial policy, monetary policy, fiscal policy, models, policy-makers
subject: E52, E62, E64, E47

description: While economists use highly complicated models and emphasise the interdependence of economic phenomena, policy-makers rely on a number of cause and effect relationships. However, the gap between theory and practise may be narrowed somewhat by simpler models based on definitional or accounting equations, supplemented by rough indications of the underlying interrelationships. These models at least offer a unifying framework for financial and monetary policies, leave to the policy-maker the necessary degree of freedom and do not encumber him with unnecessary complications. The present article suggests one such model to give an exemplary application to the Italian case during the sixties. It is an attempt to show the usefulness of an agreed financial program, quantitatively expressed and providing for the coordination of financial policies (chiefly monetary, fiscal and wage). JEL: E52, E62, E64, E47
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 22, N. 89 (1969)
Ascogaster bekilyensis GRANGER 1949
Creators: name: Madl, M.
name: Achterberg, C. Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Ascogaster
Ascogaster bekilyensis

description: Ascogaster bekilyensis GRANGER 1949
 Ascogaster bekilyensis n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 199 (key), 200 (descr. ♀, Madagascar).
 Ascogaster bekilyensis GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT 1973: 817 (cat.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Toliara: Bekily.
Endemic.
description: Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 71, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364
Individualisierung und Binnendifferenzierung im Kindergarten Eine theoretische und praktische Auseinandersetzung
Creators: name: Forleo, Andrea
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Lernen
Kindergarten
Masterarbeit

description: Die Volksschule ist von Vielfalt geprägt, Heterogenität ist im Unterricht ein zentrales Thema. Um den verschiedenen Lernvoraussetzungen gerecht zu werden, müssen individualisierende Massnahmen berücksichtigt werden. Anhand umfassender Literaturarbeit werden wichtige Erkenntnisse der Lernforschung und deren Auswirkungen auf den Unterricht aufgezeigt. Das handlungsorientierte und kooperative Lernen, Zieltransparenz und die Reflexion des Lernprozesses sind von besonderer Bedeutung. Dabei ist der Unterricht zu strukturieren und die Methoden sind so zu wählen, dass genügend Lernzeit zur Verfügung steht. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird aufgezeigt, wie diese Punkte für die Vorschulstufe adaptiert werden können. Es gibt verschiedene Möglichkeiten, Individualisierung und Binnendifferenzierung im Kindergarten umzusetzen. Die Ausarbeitung einer Lernlandschaft steht dabei im Fokus der Betrachtung.
On measuring the pace of development
Creators: name: DIVATIA, V.V.
name: BHATT, V.V.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Development, rate, measurement, development potential, stages, productive structure
subject: O11, O47

description: The paper deals with the question of how to measure and quantify the pace of development in an economy like India’s, in which modern technology is being infused through planning resulting in a basic change in its productive structure. The main determinants of development potential are first identified and appropriate series of data to measure changes in these are located. The data are then subjected to factor analysis. Finally, an index of development potential is then constructed on the basis of this analysis. This seeks to measure real changes in development potential particularly during the initial stages of a planned process of development. JEL: O11, O47
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 22, N. 89 (1969)
title: Genetic, physiological and ecological diversity of the diatom genus Leptocylindrus
Creators: name: Nanjappa, Deepak
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2012

description: Diatoms are among the most productive photoautotrophic organisms on Earth. Within the diatom genus Leptocylindrus, two species, L. danicus and L. minimus, are reported as abundant in coastal waters worldwide and in the Gulf of Naples (GoN). This thesis aimed at a closer characterisation of Leptocylindrus species through different approaches, including the study of their morphology, molecular phylogeny, metagenomics and biochemistry. Eighty-three strains from the GoN and one strain (CCMP 1856) from the Atlantic US coast were analysed. Based on the morphological, molecular and life cycle differences, the taxonomy of the genus was revised. The GoN species previously identified as L. minimus was in fact identified as L. belgicus Meunier and was placed in a new genus, Tenuicylindrus Nanjappa and Zingone which, along with Leptocylindrus Cleve, belongs to the family Leptocylindraceae. Five species in all were included in the genus Leptocylindrus: L. danicus Cleve and L. minimus Gran, two novel species L. hargravesii and L. convexus, and L. aporus (Hargraves) Nanjappa & Zingone, which was raised from the variety to the species status. The real Leptocylindrus minimus was not found in the GoN. To address the distribution of the 6 species outside the GoN, two metagenomic databases, BioMarKs (Europe) and Tara Oceans (worldwide) were explored. Sequences of L. aporus, L. convexus and L. danicus were recovered at many sites in European waters and across the world's seas, while those of L. minimus were retrieved only in the Oslo fjord and those of T. belgicus were only found in the GoN and Oslo fjord. Additional diversity was observed in the Tara Oceans dataset but, in lack of morphological information, whether this diversity is real remains to be clarified. All species except L. minimus were also categorised based on the diversity in their oxylipins pathways. Leptocylindrus danicus and L. hargravesii shared common lipoxygenase pathways, different from the ones shared by the species L. aporus and L. convexus. Tenuicylindrus belgicus exhibits a pathway distinct from that of Leptocylindrus species. Species-specific compounds produced in minor quantities were also observed. Physiological experiments show that L. aporus can withstand higher (26 "C) temperature but not lower (12 CC) temperature, while L. danicus can withstand low temperature but not high temperature. This corresponds to the species occurrence in the natural environment, where L. aporus blooms during summer and L. danicus is found in all seasons except summer. Altogether, through an interdisciplinary approach, the studies described in this thesis provide substantial information that may have important implications in the field of ecology, evolution, conservation biology and biotechnology.
The invisibles : an examination of refugee resettlement
Creators: name: Labman, Shauna
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Resettlement is one of three durable solutions, which the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) uses to achieve refugee rotection. Refugees are assumed to locally integrate, voluntarily repatriate or resettle. Too many of the world's refugees, however, are left to linger in non-durable conditions in countries of first asylum that are often only minimally safer than the countries they have fled. Where neither local integration nor repatriation is possible, resettlement is the only option. Resettlement requires a third country to be willing to accept refugees into its territory. While signatory states to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (1951 Convention) are obliged not to refoule asylum seekers at their borders, they have not committed to accept refugees for resettlement. By geographic distance, presumptions of safety, and a lack of legal obligations, those refugees who fail to make it to the frontiers of safe states are simply not seen. These refugees remain so far removed in a vague, far-off realm that they are rendered invisible. Their invisibility is reflected in the 1951 Convention's silence on obligations to them, the dearth of academic examination of resettlement, and media and government attention only in the celebratory act of making a small number of such refugees visible and legal, through the act of bringing them within a protective state's borders. Despite their invisibility, the protection needs of those refugees left outside the borders of safe states remains. The goals of this thesis are therefore to create visibility and increase resettlement. Resettlement is examined from its theoretical motivations, historical origins, current manipulations, and future possibilities - both generally and through an examination of the Canadian scheme. The thesis closes with recommendations for resettlement reform. They are targeted at UNHCR, the international community, national governments, and Canada in particular. For resettlement to offer a fair mode of protection a comprehensive and global model of resettlement must be designed and, ultimately, implemented.