cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Study on electro-optic noise in crystalline coatings toward future gravitational wave detectors
Creators: name: Tanioka, Satoshi
name: Vander-Hyde, Daniel
name: Cole, Garrett D.
name: Penn, Steven D.
name: Ballmer, Stefan W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal noise in high-reflectivity mirror coatings is a limiting factor in ground-based gravitational wave detectors. Reducing this coating thermal noise improves the sensitivity of detectors and enriches the scientific outcome of observing runs. Crystalline gallium arsenide and aluminum-alloyed gallium arsenide (referred to as AlGaAs) coatings are promising coating candidates for future upgrades of gravitational wave detectors because of their low coating thermal noise. However, AlGaAs-based crystalline coatings may be susceptible to an electro-optic noise induced by fluctuations in an electric field. We investigated the electro-optic effect in an AlGaAs coating by using a Fabry-Perot cavity, and concluded that the noise level is well below the sensitivity of current and planned gravitational-wave detectors.
The Gaia-ESO Survey: Old super-metal-rich visitors from the inner Galaxy
Creators: name: Dantas, M. L. L.
name: Smiljanic, R.
name: Boesso, R.
name: Rocha-Pinto, H. J.
name: Magrini, L.
name: Guiglion, G.
name: Tautvaišienė, G.
name: Gilmore, G.
name: Randich, S.
name: Bensby, T.
name: Bragaglia, A.
name: Bergemann, M.
name: Carraro, G.
name: Jofré, P.
name: Zaggia, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the identification of a set of old super metal-rich dwarf stars with orbits of low eccentricity that reach a maximum height from the Galactic plane between ~0.5-1.5 kpc. We discuss their properties to understand their origins. We use data from the internal data release 6 of the Gaia-ESO Survey. We selected stars observed at high resolution with abundances of 21 species of 18 individual elements. We apply hierarchical clustering to group the stars with similar chemical abundances within the complete chemical abundance space. According to their chemical properties, this set of super metal-rich stars can be arranged into five subgroups. Four seem to follow a chemical enrichment flow, where nearly all abundances increase in lockstep with Fe. The fifth subgroup shows different chemical characteristics. All subgroups have the following features: median ages of the order of 7-9 Gyr, Solar or sub-Solar [Mg/Fe] ratios, maximum height between 0.5-1.5 kpc, low eccentricities, and a detachment from the expected metallicity gradient with guiding radius. The high metallicity of our stars is incompatible with a formation in the Solar neighbourhood. Their dynamic properties agree with theoretical expectations that these stars travelled from the inner Galaxy due to blurring and, most importantly, to churning. We suggest that most of this population's stars originated in the Milky Way's inner regions (inner disc and/or the bulge) and later migrated to the Solar neighbourhood. The region from where the stars originated had a complex chemical enrichment history, with contributions from supernovae types Ia and II and possibly asymptotic giant branch stars.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Version after language proofs. The catalogue remains to be released. Abridged abstract to fit arxiv's requirements
Global technology access in biolabs -- from DIY trend to an open source transformation
Creators: name: Wenzel, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This article illustrates how open hardware solutions are implemented by researchers as a strategy to access technology for cutting-edge research. Specifically, it is discussed what kind of open technologies are most enabling in scientific environments characterized by economic and infrastructural constraints. It is demonstrated that do-it-yourself (DIY) technologies are already wide spread, in particular in countries with lower science funding, which in turn is the basis for the development of open technologies. Beyond financial accessibility, open hardware can be transformational to the technology access of laboratories through advantages in local production and direct knowledge transfer. Central drivers of the adoption of appropriate technologies in biolabs globally are open sharing, digital fabrication, local production, standard parts use, and detailed documentation.
Quasilocal energy exchange and the null cone
Creators: name: Uzun, Nezihe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energy is at best defined quasilocally in general relativity. Quasilocal energy definitions depend on the conditions one imposes on the boundary Hamiltonian, i.e., how a finite region of spacetime is "isolated". Here, we propose a method to define and investigate systems in terms of their matter plus gravitational energy content. We adopt a generic construction, that involves embedding of an arbitrary dimensional world sheet into an arbitrary dimensional spacetime, to a 2 + 2 picture. In our case, the closed 2-dimensional spacelike surface $\mathbb{S}$, that is orthogonal to the 2-dimensional timelike world sheet $\mathbb{T}$ at every point, encloses the system in question. The integrability conditions of $\mathbb{T}$ and $\mathbb{S}$ correspond to three null tetrad gauge conditions once we transform our notation to the one of the null cone observables. We interpret the Raychaudhuri equation of $\mathbb{T}$ as a work-energy relation for systems that are not in equilibrium with their surroundings. We achieve this by identifying the quasilocal charge densities corresponding to rotational and nonrotational degrees of freedom, in addition to a relative work density associated with tidal fields. We define the corresponding quasilocal charges that appear in our work-energy relation and which can potentially be exchanged with the surroundings. These charges and our tetrad conditions are invariant under type-III Lorentz transformations, i.e., the boosting of the observers in the directions orthogonal to $\mathbb{S}$. We apply our construction to a radiating Vaidya spacetime, a $C$-metric and the interior of a Lanczos-van Stockum dust metric. The delicate issues related to the axially symmetric stationary spacetimes and possible extensions to the Kerr geometry are also discussed.
description: 32 pages, 7 figures
Stationary states of activity-driven harmonic chains
Creators: name: Sarkar, Ritwick
name: Santra, Ion
name: Basu, Urna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stationary state of a chain of harmonic oscillators driven by two active reservoirs at the two ends. These reservoirs exert correlated stochastic forces on the boundary oscillators which eventually leads to a nonequilibrium stationary state of the system. We consider three most well-known dynamics for the active force, namely, active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, run-and-tumble process and active Brownian process, all of which have exponentially decaying two-point temporal correlations but very different higher order fluctuations. We show that irrespective of the specific dynamics of the drive, the stationary velocity fluctuations are Gaussian in nature with a kinetic temperature which remains uniform in the bulk. Moreover, we find the emergence of an `equipartition of energy' in the bulk of the system -- the bulk kinetic temperature equals the bulk potential temperature in the thermodynamic limit. We also calculate the stationary distribution of the instantaneous energy current in the bulk which always shows a logarithmic divergence near the origin and asymmetric exponential tails. The signatures of specific active driving become visible in the behavior of the oscillators near the boundary. This is most prominent for the RTP and ABP driven chains where the boundary velocity distributions become non-Gaussian and current distribution has a finite cutoff.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Remote Sensing of Suspended Sediment Concentration and Hydrologic Connectivity in a Complex Wetland Environment
Creators: name: Long, Colleen McCormick
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2012

description: Maintaining the ecological diversity and hydrologic connectivity of freshwater delta systems depends on regular recharge of floodplains with river water, which can be difficult to observe on the ground. Rivers that form deltas often carry large amounts of suspended sediment, but floodplain lakes and wetlands usually have little sediment in suspension. Remote observation of high sediment water in lakes and wetlands therefore often indicates connectivity with the river network. In this study, we use daily 250-m MODIS imagery in band 1 (620-670 nm) and band 2 (841-876 nm) to monitor suspended sediment transport and, by proxy, hydrologic recharge in the Peace-Athabasca Delta, Canada. To identify an appropriate suspended sediment concentration (SSC)-reflectance model, we compare 31 published empirical equations using a field dataset containing 147 observations of SSC and in situ spectral reflectance. Results suggest potential for spatial transferability of such models, but success is contingent on the equation meeting certain criteria: 1) use of a near infrared band in combination with at least one visible band, 2) development based on SSCs similar to those in the observed region, and 3) a nonlinear form. Using a highly predictive SSC-reflectance model (Spearman's ρ=0.95), we develop a twelve-year time series of SSC in the westernmost end of Lake Athabasca, observe the timing and sources of major sediment flux events, and identify a threshold river discharge of ~1700 m3/s above which SSC in Lake Athabasca is clearly associated with flow in the Athabasca River. We also track the influx of Athabasca River water to floodplain lakes, and in three of the lakes identify distinct discharge thresholds (1040 m3/s, 1150 m3/s, and 1850 m3/s) which result in lake recharge. For each of these lakes, we find a statistically significant decline in the threshold exceedence frequency since 1970, suggesting less frequent recharge during the summer.
Testing effective strategies for reducing problem behavior among children with ADHD: An evaluation of the 1-2-3 magic parenting program
Creators: name: Chesterfield, Julie Anne
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Research indicates that behavioral parent training is an effective treatment for children with ADHD. A review of the literature revealed limited evidence of brief parenting programs for child behavioral difficulties, and scarce evidence of brief, parent-only programs for parents of children with ADHD. The aim of this research was to address this gap in the literature by examining whether a brief parenting program would improve outcomes for children with ADHD and their parents. This aim was addressed by evaluating the group-based version of the parenting program, 1-2-3 Magic, among parents of children aged 6-12 years with ADHD. The 1-2-3 Magic program has not previously been evaluated among parents of children with ADHD. This thesis presents two empirical studies, preceded by a general introduction, a literature review, and an introduction to the empirical studies, followed by a general discussion. The first empirical study evaluated the effectiveness of the 1-2-3 Magic program in reducing problematic child behavior and ADHD symptoms in children with ADHD, and dysfunctional parenting in their caregivers. The study used a randomized experimental design with a waitlist-control (treatment group, n = 17; waitlist-control group, n = 14). Child problem behavior, ADHD symptoms, and dysfunctional parenting were the primary outcome variables. Results at postintervention and six-month follow-up were mixed, but suggestive of improvement; several design-related limitations were identified (notably, power, group assignment procedure, and providing adequate implementation time). The aim of Study II was to use a similar design to Study 1 while overcoming its limitations (treatment group, n = 28; waitlist-control group, n = 29). Results from Study II suggest that the 1-2-3 Magic parenting program is effective at reducing disruptive behavior and ADHD symptoms in children with ADHD, as well as dysfunctional parenting in their caregivers. 2 Overall, the findings provide support for the effectiveness of the 1-2-3 Magic parenting program in treating behavioral problems among school-aged children with ADHD, as evidenced by improvements in child and parental functioning.
Elusive pure anapole excitation in homogenous spherical nanoparticles with radial anisotropy
Creators: name: Liu, Wei
name: Lei, Bing
name: Shi, Jianhua
name: Hu, Haojun
name: Miroshnichenko, Andrey E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For homogenous isotropic dielectric nanospheres with incident plane waves, Cartesian electric and toroidal dipoles can be tunned to cancel each other in terms of far-field scattering, leading to the effective anopole excitation. At the same time however, other multipoles such as magnetic dipoles with comparable scattered power are simultanesouly excited, mixing with the anopole and leading to a non-negligible total scattering cross section. Here we show that for homogenous dielectric nanospheres, radial anisotropy can be employed to significantly suppress the other multipole excitation, which at the same time does not compromise the property of complete scattering cancallation between Cartesian electric and toroidal dipoles. This enables an elusive pure anopole excitation within radially anisotropic dielectric nanospheres, which may shed new light to many scattering related fundamental researches and applications.
description: Invited submission with four figures and ten pages. Comments welcomed
Signs of Critical Endurance on the Marcellus Shale Landscape
Creators: name: Owens, Thomas C.
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2012

description: Bradford and Susquehanna Counties are rural communities in northeastern Pennsylvania long dependent on agricultural production, timber extraction and manufacturing. These counties also sit above the Marcellus Shale, a rock formation roughly a mile below the earth's surface containing vast deposits of natural gas. Drawing on ethnographic work conducted in the summer and fall of 2011, I illustrate herein how residents of Bradford and Susquehanna Counties critically endure the social, economic and environmental changes attributable to recent oil and gas exploration in the region. I have focused on narrative, material culture and landscape as expressive forms of resistance to the many challenges of oil and gas exploration. Expressed ambiguously and non-confrontationally, these verbal and material acts uphold a local social contract, and ensure community- and self-preservation in a time of flux.
Population genetics of red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in the Greater Sydney Region
Creators: name: Wilbur, Ashley
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: The Eurasian red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is an invasive predator that causes significant damage to native species and agriculture. In Australian cities, red fox density reaches up to 16 foxes per km2 and is much higher than in surrounding rural and natural bush areas. Limited information on population distributions, genetic mixing and dispersal in urban compared to rural habitats hampers the ability of management authorities to safely and effectively control red foxes in these areas. This study examined whether inferred levels of red fox dispersal differ across three habitats; urban, peri-urban and rural, across the Sydney region. We collected fox carcasses from each of these habitats and genotyped thousands of SNPs from DNA extracted from 94 individuals. We found that geneflow was sufficient prevent localized differences in allele frequency and the estimate of effective population size of red foxes in the Greater Sydney region was 212. Analysis of relatedness showed that dispersal was not sex-biased, and levels of dispersal were significantly less in urban compared with peri-urban and rural habitats. Urban landcover, road, railways, and waterways limited dispersal of red foxes within the Sydney region. These results provide insight into the effect of urbanization on red foxes in Sydney and can be used to tailor management to urban and rural populations.
Nonlinear organic plasmonics
Creators: name: Fainberg, B. D.
name: Li, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Purely organic materials with negative and near-zero dielectric permittivity can be easily fabricated. Here we develop a theory of nonlinear non-steady-state organic plasmonics with strong laser pulses. The bistability response of the electron-vibrational model of organic materials in the condensed phase has been demonstrated. Non-steady-state organic plasmonics enable us to obtain near-zero dielectric permittivity during a short time. We have proposed to use non-steady-state organic plasmonics for the enhancement of intersite dipolar energy-transfer interaction in the quantum dot wire that influences on electron transport through nanojunctions. Such interactions can compensate Coulomb repulsions for particular conditions. We propose the exciton control of Coulomb blocking in the quantum dot wire based on the non-steady-state near-zero dielectric permittivity of the organic host medium.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
A Catalogue of Solar-Like Oscillators Observed by TESS in 120-second and 20-second Cadence
Creators: name: Hatt, Emily
name: Nielsen, Martin B.
name: Chaplin, William J.
name: Ball, Warrick H.
name: Davies, Guy R.
name: Bedding, Timothy R.
name: Buzasi, Derek L.
name: Chontos, Ashley
name: Huber, Daniel
name: Kayhan, Cenk
name: Li, Yaguang
name: White, Timothy R.
name: Cheng, Chen
name: Metcalfe, Travis S.
name: Stello, Dennis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission has provided photometric light curves for stars across nearly the entire sky. This allows for the application of asteroseismology to a pool of potential solar-like oscillators that is unprecedented in size. We aim to produce a catalogue of solar-like oscillators observed by TESS in the 120-second and 20-second cadence modes. The catalogue is intended to highlight stars oscillating at frequencies above the TESS 30-minute cadence Nyquist frequency with the purpose of encompassing the main sequence and subgiant evolutionary phases. We aim to provide estimates for the global asteroseismic parameters $ν_{\mathrm{max}}$ and $Δν$. We apply a new probabilistic detection algorithm to the 120-second and 20-second light curves of over 250,000 stars. This algorithm flags targets that show characteristic signatures of solar-like oscillations. We manually vet the resulting list of targets to confirm the presence of solar-like oscillations. Using the probability densities computed by the algorithm, we measure the global asteroseismic parameters $ν_{\mathrm{max}}$ and $Δν$. We produce a catalogue of 4,177 solar-like oscillators, reporting $Δν$ and $ν_{\mathrm{max}}$ for $98\%$ of the total star count. The asteroseismic data reveals vast coverage of the HR diagram, populating the red giant branch, the subgiant regime and extending toward the main sequence. A crossmatch with external catalogs shows that 25 of the detected solar-like oscillators are a component of a spectroscopic binary, and 28 are confirmed planet host stars. These results provide the potential for precise, independent asteroseismic constraints on these and any additional TESS targets of interest.
description: Accepted at Astronomy & Astrophysics, 11 pages, 11 figures, online material to be made available
Critical Mach Numbers for Magnetohydrodynamic Shocks with Accelerated Particles and Waves
Creators: name: Laming, J. Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first critical fast Mach number is defined for a magnetohydrodynamic shock as the Mach number where the shock transitions from subcritical, laminar, behavior to supercritical behavior, characterized by incident ion reflection from the shock front. The ensuing upstream waves and turbulence are convected downstream leading to a turbulent shock structure. Formally this is the Mach number where plasma resistivity can no longer provide sufficient dissipation to establish a stable shock, and is characterized by the downstream flow speed becoming subsonic. We revisit these calculations, including in the MHD jump conditions terms modeling the plasma energy loss to accelerated particles and the presence of waves associated with these particles. The accelerated particle contributions make an insignificant change, but the associated waves have a more important effect. Upstream waves can be strongly amplified in intensity on passing through the shock, and represent another means of shock dissipation. The presence of such waves therefore increases the first critical fast Mach number, especially at quasi-parallel shock where wave excitation is strongest. These effects may have significance for the solar regions where shock waves accelerate particles and cause Type II and Type III radio bursts, and also contribute to the event-to-event variability of SEP acceleration.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, accepted to the Astrophysical Journal
Energy prices and economic activity in the US
Creators: name: Zhang, Qiu Yue
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: At least since the oil price shocks and the subsequent recessions of the 1970s, economists have been interested in the relationship between energy prices and economic activity. Economic theory and empirical literature over the last 40 years have suggested that this relationship has evolved over time. Controversy has arisen over the direction of causality, and even whether it is bidirectional or a decoupled relationship. The findings over the years have been equivocal. This thesis therefore strives to shed new light on the energy price–economic activity nexus through a time-varying Granger causality test, which is known to outperform other methods and to therefore provide a more credible conclusion. The results of this study show that the crude oil price and industrial production have a bidirectional causal relationship between August 1998 and August 2005, and from November 2014 to September 2016. Both periods are initiated by innovations in economic activity. A causality running from economic activity to oil price is also detected from October 2008 to April 2010. These results confirm the literature findings that oil price is predominantly demand-driven post-1985. Since evidence in the literature for natural gas and coal prices is very limited, the finding of unidirectional causality running from industrial production to prices for natural gas in the late 80’s, 90’s and mid-2017, as well as a causality running in the opposite direction for coal in 2009 and more recently, advances our understanding of the overall energy price–economy nexus. In light of these findings, policy implications to promote alternative energy sources and extend energy price insurance markets are discussed.
Stepped-height ridge waveguide MQW polarization mode converter monolithically integrated with sidewall grating DFB laser
Creators: name: Sun, Xiao
name: Cheng, Weiqing
name: Liang, Song
name: Ye, Shengwei
name: Huang, Yongguang
name: Zhang, Ruikang
name: Qiu, Bocang
name: Xiong, Jichuan
name: Liu, Xuefeng
name: Marsh, John H.
name: Hou, Lianping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first demonstration of a 1555 nm stepped-height ridge waveguide polarization mode converter monolithically integrated with a side wall grating distributed-feedback (DFB) laser using the identical epitaxial layer scheme. The device shows stable single longitudinal mode (SLM) operation with the output light converted from TE to TM polarization with an efficiency of >94% over a wide range of DFB injection currents (IDFB) from 140 mA to 190 mA. The highest TM mode purity of 98.2% was obtained at IDFB=180 mA. A particular advantage of this device is that only a single step of metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy and two steps of III-V material dry etching are required for the whole integrated device fabrication, significantly reducing complexity and cost.
A Low-mass, Pre-main-sequence Eclipsing Binary in the 40 Myr Columba Association -- Fundamental Stellar Parameters and Modeling the Effect of Star Spots
Creators: name: Tofflemire, Benjamin M.
name: Kraus, Adam L.
name: Mann, Andrew W.
name: Newton, Elisabeth R.
name: Gully-Santiago, Michael A.
name: Vanderburg, Andrew
name: Waalkes, William C.
name: Berta-Thompson, Zachory K.
name: Collins, Kevin I.
name: Collins, Karen A.
name: Nielsen, Louise D.
name: Bouchy, Francois
name: Ziegler, Carl
name: Briceno, Cesar
name: Law, Nicholas M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Young eclipsing binaries (EBs) are powerful probes of early stellar evolution. Current models are unable to simultaneously reproduce the measured and derived properties that are accessible for EB systems (e.g., mass, radius, temperature, luminosity). In this study we add a benchmark EB to the pre-main-sequence population with our characterization of TOI 450 (TIC 77951245). Using Gaia astrometry to identify its comoving, coeval companions, we confirm TOI 450 is a member of the $\sim$40 Myr Columba association. This eccentric ($e=0.2969$), equal-mass ($q=1.000$) system provides only one grazing eclipse. Despite this, our analysis achieves the precision of a double-eclipsing system by leveraging information in our high-resolution spectra to place priors on the surface-brightness and radius ratios. We also introduce a framework to include the effect of star spots on the observed eclipse depths. Multicolor eclipse light curves play a critical role in breaking degeneracies between the effects of star spots and limb-darkening. Including star spots reduces the derived radii by $\sim$2\% from an unspotted model ($>2σ$) and inflates the formal uncertainty in accordance with our lack of knowledge regarding the star spot orientation. We derive masses of 0.1768($\pm$0.0004) and 0.1767($\pm$0.0003) $M_\odot$, and radii of 0.345($\pm$0.006) and 0.346($\pm$0.006) $R_\odot$ for the primary and secondary, respectively. We compare these measurements to multiple stellar evolution isochones, finding good agreement with the association age. The MESA MIST and SPOTS ($f_{\rm s}=0.17$) isochrones perform the best across our comparisons, but detailed agreement depends heavily on the quantities being compared.
description: 31 pages, 18 figures, AJ accepted
Geodesic path for the optimal nonequilibrium transition: Momentum-independent protocol
Creators: name: Li, Geng
name: Sun, C. P.
name: Dong, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accelerating controlled thermodynamic processes requires an auxiliary Hamiltonian to steer the system into instantaneous equilibrium states. An extra energy cost is inevitably needed in such finite-time operation. We recently develop a geodesic approach to minimize such energy cost for the shortcut to isothermal process. The auxiliary control typically contains momentum-dependent terms, which are hard to be experimentally implemented due to the requirement of constantly monitoring the speed. In this work, we employ a variational auxiliary control without the momentum-dependent force to approximate the exact control. Following the geometric approach, we obtain the optimal control protocol with variational minimum energy cost. We demonstrate the construction of such protocol via an example of Brownian motion with a controllable harmonic potential.
Promoting the human development model: transforming research into a promotional tool
Creators: name: Radke, Jordan Travis
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Diffusion scholars have established that supranational organizations play a key role in disseminating international development norms, yet leave unexamined how they promote such norms. In a case study of the United Nation Development Programme, I coded 40 organizational documents to analyze the UNDP's discourse and practices around the promotion of the human development (HD) model. I found that the UNDP's primary promotional strategy is to support HD research worldwide, resulting in hundreds of reports; the process and products of this research are intended to diffuse the model and consequently supplant the reigning model of economic development. In short, the UNDP not only uses research as a tool to investigate, but as one to promote a cultural, normative argument about the appropriate goals of international development. This case study contributes to theories of diffusion by deepening understanding of promotional strategies, suggesting that one such strategy is the use of promotional research.
The multipole expansion of the local expansion rate
Creators: name: Kalbouneh, Basheer
name: Marinoni, Christian
name: Bel, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We design a new observable, the expansion rate fluctuation $η$, to characterize deviations from the linear relation between redshift and distance in the local universe. We also show how to compress the resulting signal into spherical harmonic coefficients in order to better decipher the structure and symmetries of the anisotropies in the local expansion rate. We apply this analysis scheme to several public catalogs of redshift-independent distances, the Cosmicflows-3 and Pantheon data sets, covering the redshift range $0.01
description: 26 pages, 16 figures, version accepted by PRD
The ZZ annulus one-point function in non-critical string theory: A string field theory analysis
Creators: name: Eniceicu, Dan Stefan
name: Mahajan, Raghu
name: Maity, Pronobesh
name: Murdia, Chitraang
name: Sen, Ashoke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the ZZ annulus one-point function of the cosmological constant operator in non-critical string theory, regulating divergences from the boundaries of moduli space using string field theory. We identify a subtle issue in a previous analysis of these divergences, which was done in the context of the $c=1$ string theory, and where it had led to a mismatch with the prediction from the dual matrix quantum mechanics. After fixing this issue, we find a precise match to the expected answer in both the $c<1$ and $c=1$ cases. We also compute the disk two-point function, which is a quantity of the same order, and show that it too matches with the general prediction.
description: Resolves an apparent mismatch between matrix quantum mechanics and c=1 string theory predictions found earlier. 36 pages, 6 figures
The Hydrodynamic Feedback of Cosmic Reionization on Small-Scale Structures and Its Impact on Photon Consumption during the Epoch of Reionization
Creators: name: Park, Hyunbae
name: Shapiro, Paul R.
name: Choi, Jun-hwan
name: Yoshida, Naoki
name: Hirano, Shingo
name: Ahn, Kyungjin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Density inhomogeneity in the intergalactic medium (IGM) can boost the recombination rate of ionized gas substantially, affecting the growth of HII regions during reionization. Previous attempts to quantify this effect typically failed to resolve down to the Jeans scale in the pre-ionization IGM, which is important in establishing this effect, along with the hydrodynamical back-reaction of reionization on it. Towards that end, we perform a set of fully-coupled, radiation-hydrodynamics simulations from cosmological initial conditions, extending the mass resolution of previous work to the scale of minihalos. Pre-reionization structure is evolved until a redshift $z_i$ at which the ionizing radiation from external sources arrives to sweep an R-type ionization front supersonically across the volume in a few Myr, until it is trapped on the surfaces of minihalos and converted to D-type, after which the minihalo gas is removed by photoevaporative winds. Small-scale density structures during this time lead to a high ($>$10) clumping factor for ionized gas, which hugely boosts the recombination rate until the structures are disrupted by the hydrodynamic feedback after $\sim 10-100~\rm{Myr}$. For incoming stellar radiation with intensity $J_{21}$ in a $200~h^{-1}~\rm{kpc}$ box with the mean density contrast $\barδ$, the number of extra recombinations per H atom, on top of what is expected from homogeneously distributed gas, is given by $0.32[J_{21}]^{0.12}[(1+z_i)/11]^{-1.7}[1+\barδ]^{2.5}$. In models in which most of the volume is ionized toward the end of reionization, this can add more than one recombination per H atom to the ionizing photon budget to achieve reionization.
description: 21 pages, 19 figure, Accepted to ApJ
Investigation of Risk Of Bias due to Unreported and SelecTively included results in meta-analyses of nutrition research: the ROBUST study
Creators: name: Page, Matthew
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: The objectives of this study are to explore in systematic reviews with meta-analyses of the association between food/diet and health-related outcomes: (i) whether systematic reviewers selectively included study effect estimates in meta-analyses when multiple effect estimates were available; (ii) what impact selective inclusion of study effect estimates may have on meta-analytic effects, and; (iii) the risk of bias due to missing results (publication bias and selective non-reporting bias) in meta-analyses.
Binary neutron star merger simulations with neutrino transport and turbulent viscosity: impact of different schemes and grid resolution
Creators: name: Zappa, Francesco
name: Bernuzzi, Sebastiano
name: Radice, David
name: Perego, Albino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic numerical relativity study of the impact of different treatment of microphysics and grid resolution in binary neutron star mergers. We consider series of simulations at multiple resolutions comparing hydrodynamics, neutrino leakage scheme, leakage augmented with the M0 scheme and the more consistent M1 transport scheme. Additionally, we consider the impact of a sub-grid scheme for turbulent viscosity. We find that viscosity helps to stabilise the remnant against gravitational collapse but grid resolution has a larger impact than microphysics on the remnant's stability. The gravitational wave (GW) energy correlates with the maximum remnant density, that can be thus inferred from GW observations. M1 simulations shows the emergence of a neutrino trapped gas that locally decreases the temperature a few percent when compared to the other simulation series. This out-of-thermodynamics equilibrium effect does not alter the GW emission at the typical resolutions considered for mergers. Different microphysics treatments impact significantly mass, geometry and composition of the remnant's disc and ejecta. M1 simulations show systematically larger proton fractions. The different ejecta compositions reflect into the nucleosynthesis yields, that are robust only if both neutrino emission and absorption are simulated. Synthetic kilonova light curves calculated by means of spherically-symmetric radiation-hydrodynamics evolutions up to 15 days post-merger are mostly sensitive to ejecta's mass and composition; they can be reliably predicted only including the various ejecta components. We conclude that advanced microphysics in combination with resolutions higher than current standards appear essential for robust long-term evolutions and astrophysical predictions.
Using Raspberry Pi for scientific video observation of pedestrians during a music festival
Creators: name: Biedermann, Daniel H.
name: Dietrich, Felix
name: Handel, Oliver
name: Kielar, Peter M.
name: Seitz, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 90B20

description: The document serves as a reference for researchers trying to capture a large portion of a mass event on video for several hours, while using a very limited budget.
description: 17 pages
Who's at the Helm? The Effect of Party Organization on Party Position Change
Creators: name: Koedam, Jelle
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Parties continuously change their position in a competitive environment. Their motivations to do so, however, are highly contested. A recent study has suggested that the internal balance of power between party leaders and activists might be the driving force behind whether a party responds to shifts in the mean voter position or the mean party voter position, respectively. Extending a pooled time-series analysis of 55 parties in 10 European democracies between 1977 and 2003, this paper seeks to test these findings by accounting for several additional party characteristics and environmental incentives. The results show that while the original explanation holds up in some circumstances, some qualifications are in order.
Diffusion Monte Carlo using domains in configuration space
Creators: name: Assaraf, Roland
name: Giner, Emmanuel
name: Chilkuri, Vijay Gopal
name: Loos, Pierre-François
name: Scemama, Anthony
name: Caffarel, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sampling of the configuration space in diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) is done using walkers moving randomly. In a previous work on the Hubbard model [\href{https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.60.2299}{Assaraf et al.~Phys.~Rev.~B \textbf{60}, 2299 (1999)}], it was shown that the probability for a walker to stay a certain amount of time in the same state obeys a Poisson law and that the on-state dynamics can be integrated out exactly, leading to an effective dynamics connecting only different states. Here, we extend this idea to the general case of a walker trapped within domains of arbitrary shape and size. The equations of the resulting effective stochastic dynamics are derived. The larger the average (trapping) time spent by the walker within the domains, the greater the reduction in statistical fluctuations. A numerical application to the Hubbard model is presented. Although this work presents the method for finite linear spaces, it can be generalized without fundamental difficulties to continuous configuration spaces.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
The full set of Polarized Deep Inelastic Scattering Structure Functions at NNLO accuracy
Creators: name: Borsa, Ignacio
name: de Florian, Daniel
name: Pedron, Iván
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the second order contributions to the coefficient functions for the parity violating polarized structure functions $g_L$ and $g_4$, thus completing the $\mathcal{O}(α_S^2)$ knowledge on DIS structure functions. We obtain the missing $\mathcal{O}(α_S^2)$ pieces from the known parity conserving unpolarized coefficient functions. We also present a phenomenological analysis for the phase space region the future Electron-Ion Collider is set to explore.
Faraday waves in BEC with engineering three-body interactions
Creators: name: Abdullaev, Fatkhulla Kh.
name: Gammal, Arnaldo
name: Tomio, Lauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider Bose-Einstein condensates with two- and three-body interactions periodically varying in time. Two models of time-dependent three-body interactions, with quadratic and quartic dependence on the two-body atomic scattering length $a_s$, are studied. It is shown that parametric instabilities in the condensate leads to the generation of Faraday waves (FW), with wavelengths depending on the background scattering length, as well as on the frequency and amplitude of the modulations of $a_s$. In an experimental perspective, this opens a new possibility to tune the period of Faraday patterns by varying not only the frequency of modulations and background scattering length, but also through the amplitude of the modulations. The latter effect can be used to estimate the parameters of three-body interactions from the FW experimental results. Theoretical predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations of the corresponding extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, to appear in J.Phys.B
Infants' emotion recognition during the covid-19 pandemic: do masks differentially hinder emotion recognition?
Creators: name: Israeli-Ran, Liat
name: Uzefovsky, Florina
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Developmental Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: covid-19
subject: emotion recognition
subject: Empathy
subject: infants

description: Facemask-use has been mandatory or prevalent for more than a year in many parts of the world. This is an important pandemic-control measure, yet we still do not understand how exposure to partially occluded facial expressions in a critical time of socio-emotional development might impact infants social abilities. Our longitudinal research represents a first step in investigating this question. We focus on the impact of facemasks on infants' emotion recognition, and how this impact might be moderated by infants basic ability for emotion recognition.
Independent validation of the temperate Super-Earth HD79211 b using HARPS-N
Creators: name: DiTomasso, Victoria
name: Nava, Chantanelle
name: López-Morales, Mercedes
name: Bieryla, Allyson
name: Cloutier, Ryan
name: Malavolta, Luca
name: Mortier, Annelies
name: Buchhave, Lars A.
name: Stassun, Keivan G.
name: Sozzetti, Alessandro
name: Bonomo, Aldo Stefano
name: Charbonneau, David
name: Cameron, Andrew Collier
name: Cosentino, Rosario
name: Damasso, Mario
name: Dumusque, Xavier
name: Fiorenzano, A. F. Martínez
name: Ghedina, Adriano
name: Harutyunyan, Avet
name: Haywood, R. D.
name: Latham, David
name: Molinari, Emilio
name: Pepe, Francesco A.
name: Pinamonti, Matteo
name: Poretti, Ennio
name: Rice, Ken
name: Sasselov, Dimitar
name: Stalport, Manu
name: Udry, Stéphane
name: Watson, Christopher
name: Wilson, Thomas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high-precision radial velocities (RVs) from the HARPS-N spectrograph for HD79210 and HD79211, two M0V members of a gravitationally-bound binary system. We detect a planet candidate with a period of $24.421^{+0.016}_{-0.017}$ days around HD79211 in these HARPS-N RVs, validating the planet candidate originally identified in CARMENES RV data alone. Using HARPS-N, CARMENES and HIRES RVs spanning a total of 25 years, we further refine the planet candidate parameters to $P=24.422\pm0.014$ days, $K=3.19\pm0.27$ m/s, $M$ sin $i = 10.6 \pm 1.2 M_\oplus$, and $a = 0.142 \pm0.005$ au. We do not find any additional planet candidate signals in the data of HD79211 nor do we find any planet candidate signals in HD79210. This system adds to the number of exoplanets detected in binaries with M dwarf members, and serves as a case study for planet formation in stellar binaries.
description: Accepted for publication in AJ, 29 pages, 17 figures
4 Steps to Publish Open Earth Science Samples
Creators: name: Raia, Natalie
name: Damerow, Joan
name: Stanley, Val
name: Lehnert, Kerstin
name: O'Ryan, Dylan
name: Plomp, Esther
name: Cluster, ESIP Physical Samples Curation
name: Thomer, Andrea
Publisher: name: ESIP
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 370402
subject: Earth and space science informatics
classificationCode: 460908
subject: Information systems organisation and management
classificationCode: 461001
subject: Digital curation and preservation
classificationCode: 370599
subject: Geology not elsewhere classified

description: Material samples are foundational for research in the Earth sciences. Their value and the value of the data derived from them depend to a large extent on the way we describe, identify, and reference them in publications and datasets. Use of globally unique sample identifiers and availability of rich and consistent information (metadata) about a sample on the web are critical for making samples and sample data findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. This informational sheet presents guidance and best practices for supporting open science for samples, developed by the Physical Sample Curation Cluster of the Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP) organization. The ESIP Physical Sample Curation Cluster is a forum for the community supporting physical samples in the earth, space, and environmental sciences. The working group consists of individual researchers who collect and work with physical samples, curators and collections managers, and cyberinfrastructure providers and developers.