Neoperla shiwandashana Mo &amp; Yao &amp; Wang &amp; Li 2019, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Mo, Raorao
name: Yao, Gang
name: Wang, Guoquan
name: Li, Weihai
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Neoperla
Neoperla shiwandashana

description: <i>Neoperla shiwandashana</i> sp. nov. <b>(</b> Figs. 1–4) <b>Adult habitus (</b> Figs. 1–4). General body color brown. Distance between ocelli ca. 2X as wide as diameter of one ocellus. Head pale brown, with a dark brown subtrapezoidal marking covering ocelli with a shallow triangular notch on anterior margin, and a dark brown securiform stigma with a small obscure posteromedial notch on frons; oval pale tentorial callosities, about 2X longer than wide; compound eyes black; antennae brown; head slightly wider than pronotum. Pronotum mostly brown except margins and medial portion darker, trapezoidal, with obscure, slightly paler rugosities; posterior margin shorter than anterior margin; anterior corners pointed but posterior corners obtuse (Figs. 1, 2a). Wing membrane brownish, veins brown; legs brown except except basal femora pale. Abdominal segments and cerci pale. <b>Male</b> (Figs. 1–4). Forewing length ca. 11.5 mm. Hindwing ca. 10.0 mm. Tergum 6 covered with four patches of posteromedial sensilla basiconica. Tergum 7 with posterior margin produced into a raised process, covered with sensilla basiconica (Figs. 2 b–2d). Tergum 8 with an erect tongue-like process, with several small spines at distal margin (Figs. 2 b–2d). Tergum 9 simple without sensilla patch. Hemitergal processes of tergum 10 sclerotized, basally curved inward, inner margin slightly swollen at middle and apical half straight, apex blunt. Aedeagal tube well sclerotized but less sclerotized ventrally, and evenly curved ventrally, with many spinules on dorsal surface (Figs. 3, 4a). Aedeagal sac shorter than tube (ca. 1/6 tube length), membranous, gradually tapering to a blunt tip and strongly curved ventrally forming nearly a right angle with tube; apical half covered by dense spinules except ventrobasal surface bare (Figs. 3–4). <b>Female</b>. Unknown. <b>Type Material</b>. Holotype male (CAU), China: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Fangchenggang City, Shangsi County, Mt. Shiwandashan, N 21°54.316' E 107°54.203', 295 m, 2014.VI.8, X.Y. Liu. <b>Etymology</b>. The species name refers to the Mt. Shiwandashan (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China), the type locality of <i>N. shiwandashana</i>. <b>Distribution</b>. China (Guangxi). <b>Remarks</b>. The new species clearly belongs to the <i>N. clymene</i> group by its completely sclerotized aedeagal tube (Zwick 1983, 1986). <i>Neoperla shiwandashana</i> appears to be closely related to <i>N. anjiensis</i> Yang &amp; Yang, 1998, the male sharing similar external terminalia, curved aedeagal tube, and a short aedeagal sac which nearly forms a right angle with the tube. However, the male of the new species can be easily separated from <i>N. anjiensis</i> by head pattern, and details of aedeagal sac. In the male of <i>N. shiwandashana</i>, the head pattern is large and conspicuously Y-shaped; the length of the aedeagal sac is nearly 1/6 of the aedeagal tube, and only covered with spinules on the apical half, the ventrobasal surface lacking spinules. In <i>N. anjiensis</i>, the head pattern is reduced and subtriangular in shape, the length of the aedeagal sac is about 1/4 of the tube, and the dorsobasal and apical surface is covered by spinules. Additionally, the shape of aedeagus of <i>N. shiwandashana</i> is similar to that of <i>N. brevistyla</i> Li &amp; Murányi, 2013 and <i>N. dao</i> Stark &amp; Sivec, 2008 (Qin <i>et al</i>. 2013; Stark &amp; Sivec 2008), but the male of <i>N. shiwandashana</i> can be distinguished from these two species by the aedeagal tube lacking a ventral lobe and the head patterns are different (comparing figs. 19 &amp; 22 in Stark &amp; Sivec, 2008, figs. 1a, 1c &amp; 2c in Qin <i>et al</i>. 2013 and Figs. 1, 2a, 3 &amp; 4). Additionally, <i>N. brevistyla</i> and <i>N. dao</i> belong to the <i>N. montivaga</i> group (Stark &amp; Sivec 2008 and Zwick 1983, 1986).
description: Published as part of <i>Mo, Raorao, Yao, Gang, Wang, Guoquan &amp; Li, Weihai, 2019, One new species and one new Chinese record of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Mount Shiwandashan of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of southern China, pp. 497-506 in Zootaxa 4652 (3)</i> on page 498, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4652.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3365010
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