cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars in the Early Galaxy
Creators: name: Marsteller, B.
name: Beers, T. C.
name: Rossi, S.
name: Christlieb, N.
name: Bessell, M.
name: Rhee, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Very metal-deficient stars that exhibit enhancements of their carbon abundances are of crucial importance for understanding a number of issues -- the nature of stellar evolution among the first generations of stars, the shape of the Initial Mass Function, and the relationship between carbon enhancement and neutron-capture processes, in particular the astrophysical s-process. One recent discovery from objective-prism surveys dedicated to the discovery of metal-deficient stars is that the frequency of Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor (CEMP) stars increases with declining metallicity, reaching roughly 25% for [Fe/H] < -2.5. In order to explore this phenomenon in greater detail we have obtained medium-resolution (2 A) spectroscopy for about 350 of the 413 objects in the Christlieb et al. catalog of carbon-rich stars, selected from the Hamburg/ESO objective prism survey on the basis of their carbon-enhancement, rather than metal deficiency. Based on these spectra, and near-IR JHK photometry from the 2MASS Point Source Catalog, we obtain estimates of [Fe/H] and [C/Fe] for most of the stars in this sample, along with reasonably accurate determinations of their radial velocities. Of particular importance, we find that the upper envelope of carbon enhancement observed for these stars is nearly constant, at [C/H] ~ -1.0, over the metallicity range -4.0 < [Fe/H] < -2.0; this same level of [C/H] applies to the most iron-deficent star yet discovered, HE 0107-5240, at [Fe/H] = -5.3.
description: Contributed paper to The Eigth Nuclei in the Cosmos conference, to appear (in refereed form) in Nuclear Physics A
Delimiting the role of peers in pre- and early adolescents’ goal pursuit : relations among peer acceptance, social responsibility goals, and personal/mastery goal orientation
Creators: name: Hutchinson, Lynda Ruth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Peers have opportunities to influence students' motivation, including the achievement and social goals they pursue (Pintrich & Schunk, 2002). The present study utilized peer and self-report data from 356 elementary school students (18 grade 4 to 7 classrooms) to explore relations among peer acceptance, social responsibility goals, and personal/mastery goal orientation in pre- and early adolescence. Overall, (a) girls had more peer prosocial goals than boys, (b) preadolescent boys and early adolescent girls had the highest levels of peer acceptance, and (c) preadolescents pursued more personal/mastery goals than early adolescents. Additional differences emerged in terms of the social responsibility goals pre- and early adolescents pursue. These results are discussed, particularly, the importance of promoting social and academic goals during adolescence.
High Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy of SN 1006
Creators: name: Vink, Jacco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss the high resolution XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) spectrum of SN1006. SN1006 is one of the best examples of a supernova remnant that is far out of ionization equilibrium. Moreover, optical, UV and X-ray data indicate that it is also out of temperature equilibrium. I discuss the X-ray evidence for this. In addition I discuss the lower resolution RGS spectrum of the eastern rim of SN 1006. Despite the lower resolution, the spectrum contains significant evidence for an asymmetric expansion velocity. Two likely solutions fit the O VII triplet. One with no significant thermal broadening and a shell velocity of \~6500 km/s, and one with significant broadening and a shell velocity of ~9500 km/s. The first solution seems the most plausible, as it is consistent with radio expansion measurements, which suggest a decelerated shell.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures (14 ps files including color figures). LaTeX format, uses aipproc.cls, aip-6d.clo, and aipxfm.sty; to appear in the proceedings of X-ray Diagnostics for Astrophysical Plasmas: Theory, Experiment, and Observation, ed. R. K. Smith (Melville: AIP)
The CMS High Level Trigger
Creators: name: Trigger, The CMS
name: Group, Data Acquisition
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At the Large Hadron Collider at CERN the proton bunches cross at a rate of 40MHz. At the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment the original collision rate is reduced by a factor of O (1000) using a Level-1 hardware trigger. A subsequent factor of O(1000) data reduction is obtained by a software-implemented High Level Trigger (HLT) selection that is executed on a multi-processor farm. In this review we present in detail prototype CMS HLT physics selection algorithms, expected trigger rates and trigger performance in terms of both physics efficiency and timing.
description: accepted by EPJ Nov 2005
APPLYING FUZZY THEORY CONCEPTS TO THE ANALYSIS OF EMPLOYMENT DIVERSIFICATION OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS: METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Creators: name: Fritzsch, Jana
name: Fritzsch, Jana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: International Development
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The Deliverable 7.2 (D7.2) of the SCARLED project provides methodological considerations for applying fuzzy set theory to the analysis of employment diversification of farm households. It presents a Mamdani's type fuzzy inference model and describes its application within the project's framework. The model consists of ten variables that are grouped into the four factors: (i) necessity to diversify, (ii) internal preconditions, (iii) external preconditions, and (iv) attitudes. The coherence of these four factors with the integrated framework for the analysis of nonfarm rural employment is discussed. The model will be realised in the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox from MATLAB®. Forty four membership functions and 138 rules are going to be implemented, tested, and adapted with survey data from the five countries: Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Slovenia. The final model will be used to assess the diversification potential of 15 regions in these countries.
MEANS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INFLUENCE IN COMMUNICATION
Creators: name: Abduvaliyeva, Shalola
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Communication is commonly characterized as the transmission of data. Its exact definition is debated and there are differences almost whether inadvertent or fizzled transmissions are included and whether communication not as it were transmits meaning but moreover makes it. Models of communication are rearranged outlines of its primary components and their intelligent. This article describes about means of psychological influence in communication.
INVESTMENT, CREDIT CONSTRAINTS AND PUBLIC POLICY IN A NEOCLASSICAL ADJUSTMENT COST FRAMEWORK
Creators: name: Cechura, Lukas
name: Cechura, Lukas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: Credit constraint
subject: investment
subject: capital
subject: SGAFF (Supporting and Guarantee Agricultural and Forestry Fund)
subject: Adjustment cost and farmer’s economic equilibrium
subject: Kreditrationierung
subject: Investitionen
subject: Kapital
subject: EAGFL (Europäische Ausrichtungsund Garantiefond für die Landwirtschaft)
subject: Dynamische Anpassungskosten und langfristiges Gleichgewicht.

description: This paper deals with the analysis of the impact of credit rationing on the farmer’s economic equilibrium and the analysis of different policy scenarios in a derived neoclassical adjustment cost framework. The theoretical model is an optimal dynamic investment model, in which the upper bound on investment is introduced. The limit of the investment enables to analyse the consequence of the occurrence of credit rationing on farmer’s capital accumulation, investment and supply. The method of optimal control is used to solve the optimization problem. The results show that the occurrence of credit rationing may significantly determine a farmer’s economic equilibrium. Then the analysis of defined policy scenarios suggests that a loan guarantee efficiently solves the problem of the occurrence of external credit rationing. Interest rate subsidy may produce overinvestment and, thus, increases the probability of occurrence of the crowding-out effect, especially in the group of non-credit constraint farmers. Moreover, as far as the cost of agricultural policy is concerned, other agricultural support tools are less effective. The numerical application shows that the farmer’s economic equilibrium is mostly sensitive to the initial bound on investment, the parameter of the cost function, the price, the level of technology and the discount rate. Finally, if the uncertainty is introduced, then the level of investment spending and capital accumulation is lower.
Risk and the decision to produce biomass crops: a stochastic analysis
Creators: name: Clancy, Daragh
name: Breen, James P.
name: Thorne, Fiona S.
name: Wallace, Michael T.
name: Clancy, Daragh
name: Breen, James P.
name: Thorne, Fiona S.
name: Wallace, Michael T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Biomass
subject: Bioremediation
subject: Stochastic Budgeting
subject: NPV
subject: SERF

description: There is increasing interest in biomass crops as an alternative farm enterprise. However, given the relatively low uptake of these crops in Ireland, there is limited information concerning the risk associated with their production and its potential impact on returns. The uncertainty surrounding risky variables such as the costs of production, yield level, price per tonne and opportunity cost of land make it difficult to accurately calculate the returns to biomass crops. Their lengthy production lifespan may only serve to heighten the level of risk that affects key variables. A stochastic budgeting model is used to calculate the returns from willow and miscanthus. The opportunity cost of land is accounted for through the inclusion of the foregone returns from selected conventional agricultural activities. The potential for bioremediation to boost returns is also examined. The NPV of various biomass investment options are simulated to ascertain the full distribution of possible returns. The results of these simulations are then compared using their respective CDF’s and the investments are ranked using Stochastic Efficiency with Respect to a Function (SERF).
Symmetry classes of disordered fermions
Creators: name: Heinzner, P.
name: Huckleberry, A.
name: Zirnbauer, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Building upon Dyson's fundamental 1962 article known in random-matrix theory as 'the threefold way', we classify disordered fermion systems with quadratic Hamiltonians by their unitary and antiunitary symmetries. Important examples are afforded by noninteracting quasiparticles in disordered metals and superconductors, and by relativistic fermions in random gauge field backgrounds. The primary data of the classification are a Nambu space of fermionic field operators which carry a representation of some symmetry group. Our approach is to eliminate all of the unitary symmetries from the picture by transferring to an irreducible block of equivariant homomorphisms. After reduction, the block data specifying a linear space of symmetry-compatible Hamiltonians consist of a basic vector space V, a space of endomorphisms in End(V+V*), a bilinear form on V+V* which is either symmetric or alternating, and one or two antiunitary symmetries that may mix V with V*. Every such set of block data is shown to determine an irreducible classical compact symmetric space. Conversely, every irreducible classical compact symmetric space occurs in this way. This proves the correspondence between symmetry classes and symmetric spaces conjectured some time ago.
description: 52 pages, dedicated to Freeman J. Dyson on the occasion of his 80th birthday
ICDVarBase: Inherited Cardiac Disease Genetic Variant Database
Creators: name: Hsin-Tzu Huang
name: Wei-Chih Huang
name: Po-Yuan Chen
name: Chia-Ti Tsai
name: Wei-Chi Wang
name: Ko, Tai-Ming
name: Chen, Wen-Liang
name: Hu, Yu-Feng
name: Hsien-Da Huang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cardiology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The data of the identified putative variants, corresponding patients, and related annotations in ICDVarBase is provided to the research community free of charge as comma separated values file.
title: SODa gelingen (O)ERs
title: Grundlagen für ein didaktische Konzept
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Hastik, Canan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Open Educational Resource,
Didactic concept
Learning objectives

description: Offene Bildungsressourcen (OER) bieten großes Potenzial für die digitale Lehre, stellen jedoch zugleich Herausforderungen an ihre didaktische, methodische und technische Gestaltung. In SODa gelingen (O)ERs in dem praxisnah didaktische Konzepte als Grundlage für die erfolgreiche Erstellung und Nutzung von OER entwickelt werden. Der Ansatz folgt einem dreistufigen Modell: didaktisches Konzept, methodisches Konzept und technisches Konzept. In diesen Folien liegt der Schwerpunkt auf dem didaktischen Konzept, das systematisch die Zielgruppe (Personae), die Lernziele, die Lernformen und -formate sowie vorhandene Ressourcen identifiziert und festlegt. Die inhaltliche Konzeption orientiert sich an den spezifischen Bedarfen der Lernenden und bildet die Basis für die anschließende methodische und technische Umsetzung. Ein Ausblick auf das methodische und technische Konzepte rundet die Betrachtung ab und zeigt, wie OER nachhaltig und wirksam gestaltet werden können.
FOREIGN TRADE AND TRANSITION PROCESS IN AGRI-FOOD SECTOR OF UKRAINE
Creators: name: Levkovych, Inna
name: Hockmann, Heinrich
name: Levkovych, Inna
name: Hockmann, Heinrich
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Development
subject: Agri-food sector
subject: foreign trade
subject: intra-industry trade
subject: competitiveness
subject: Grubel-Lloyd-Index
subject: Ukraine
subject: Agrar- und Ernährungssektor
subject: Außenhandel
subject: intra-industrieller Handel
subject: Wettbewerbsfähigkeit
subject: Агропродовольственный сектор
subject: международная торговля
subject: внутри- отраслевая торговля
subject: конкурентноспособность
subject: индекс Грубель-Ллойда
subject: Украина

description: In this study we try to assess the progress of the transformation process in Ukrainian agri-food sector. The development of foreign trade may serve as indicator of success of market reforms. Thus we analyse the changes in the trade structure of agri-food sector during 1996-2005. Also we compute indicators of inter- (RTA Index) and intra-industrial (Grubel-Lloyd Index, Brülhart A-Index) trade for this period. These indicators provide information about competitiveness of Ukrainian products, type and development of trade flows. We discuss also which policy measures are necessary for further economic integration of Ukraine into world markets
Comparison of ablators for the polar direct drive exploding pusher platform
Creators: name: Whitley, Heather D.
name: Kemp, G. Elijah
name: Yeamans, Charles
name: Walters, Zachary
name: Blue, Brent E.
name: Garbett, Warren
name: Schneider, Marilyn
name: Craxton, R. Stephen
name: Garcia, Emma M.
name: McKenty, Patrick W.
name: Gatu-Johnson, Maria
name: Caspersen, Kyle
name: Castor, John I.
name: Däne, Markus
name: Ellison, C. Leland
name: Gaffney, James
name: Graziani, Frank R.
name: Klepeis, John
name: Kostinski, Natalie
name: Kritcher, Andrea
name: Lahmann, Brandon
name: Lazicki, Amy E.
name: Le, Hai P.
name: London, Richard A.
name: Maddox, Brian
name: Marshall, Michelle
name: Martin, Madison E.
name: Militzer, Burkhard
name: Nikroo, Abbas
name: Nilsen, Joseph
name: Ogitsu, Tadashi
name: Pask, John
name: Pino, Jesse E.
name: Rubery, Michael
name: Shepherd, Ronnie
name: Sterne, Philip A.
name: Swift, Damian C.
name: Yang, Lin
name: Zhang, Shuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the performance of pure boron, boron carbide, high density carbon, and boron nitride ablators in the polar direct drive exploding pusher (PDXP) platform. The platform uses the polar direct drive configuration at the National Ignition Facility to drive high ion temperatures in a room temperature capsule and has potential applications for plasma physics studies and as a neutron source. The higher tensile strength of these materials compared to plastic enables a thinner ablator to support higher gas pressures, which could help optimize its performance for plasma physics experiments, while ablators containing boron enable the possiblity of collecting addtional data to constrain models of the platform. Applying recently developed and experimentally validated equation of state models for the boron materials, we examine the performance of these materials as ablators in 2D simulations, with particular focus on changes to the ablator and gas areal density, as well as the predicted symmetry of the inherently 2D implosion.
Estimation of a $k$-monotone density: limit distribution theory and the spline connection
Creators: name: Balabdaoui, Fadoua
name: Wellner, Jon A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G05, 60G99 (Primary) 60G15, 62E20 (Secondary)

description: We study the asymptotic behavior of the Maximum Likelihood and Least Squares Estimators of a $k$-monotone density $g_0$ at a fixed point $x_0$ when $k>2$. We find that the $j$th derivative of the estimators at $x_0$ converges at the rate $n^{-(k-j)/(2k+1)}$ for $j=0,...,k-1$. The limiting distribution depends on an almost surely uniquely defined stochastic process $H_k$ that stays above (below) the $k$-fold integral of Brownian motion plus a deterministic drift when $k$ is even (odd). Both the MLE and LSE are known to be splines of degree $k-1$ with simple knots. Establishing the order of the random gap $τ_n^+-τ_n^-$, where $τ_n^{\pm}$ denote two successive knots, is a key ingredient of the proof of the main results. We show that this ``gap problem'' can be solved if a conjecture about the upper bound on the error in a particular Hermite interpolation via odd-degree splines holds.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053607000000262 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Economic Growth and Transition in Vietnam and China and its Consequences for their Agricultural Sectors: Policy and Agricultural Adjustment Issues
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Agricultural development
subject: Asia
subject: China
subject: economic transition
subject: farm employment
subject: land reforms
subject: land rights
subject: livestock
subject: non-farm employment
subject: structural change.

description: Secondary data are used to discuss and compare the consequences for agriculture of economic growth and transition in Vietnam and China. It is found that China and Vietnam have experienced similar adjustments in their agricultural sectors and face at this time, similar agricultural policy problems. China began its economic reforms in 1979 and Vietnam followed in 1986. Since then both countries have experienced rapid economic growth, falling poverty rates and significant rises in per capita income. At the same time, substantial restructuring of their economies has occurred, a feature of which has been a decline in the relative contribution of agriculture to total employment and output. These changes are outlined. Significant changes have also occurred within the agricultural sectors of China and Vietnam and these are reviewed. In both countries, the livestock sector has grown in relative importance. Households are the main contributors to agricultural production but their individual holdings of land are small by Western standards and households keeping livestock mostly only hold a few head. Given the exit of farmers from agriculture, pressures are mounting for increasing the size of agricultural units. This exit can add to economic efficiency and growth. Policies to facilitate movements from farm to non-farm employment are discussed and analysed. Property rights and the marketability of agricultural land can facilitate such movements and contribute to economic efficiency. In recent times, China and Vietnam have extended property rights in agricultural land and have increased its marketability. These measures are outlined. With further economic development and transition, it is predicted that these rights and the marketability of agricultural land will be further extended. However, if previous practice is followed, those policy changes are likely to be gradual.
On the Encounter Desorption of Hydrogen Atoms on Ice Mantle
Creators: name: Chang, Qiang
name: Zheng, Xuli
name: Zhang, Xia
name: Quan, Donghui
name: Lu, Yang
name: Meng, Qingkuan
name: Li, Xiaohu
name: Chen, Long-Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At low temperatures (10 K), hydrogen atoms can diffuse quickly on grain ice mantles and frequently encounter hydrogen molecules, which cover a notable fraction of grain surface. The desorption energy of H atoms on H2 substrates is much less than that on water ice. The H atom encounter desorption mechanism is adopted to study the enhanced desorption of H atoms on H2 substrates. Using a small reaction network, we show that the steady-state surface H abundances predicted by the rate equation model that includes H atom encounter desorption agree reasonably well with the results from the more rigorous microscopic Monte Carlo method. For a full gas-grain model, H atom encounter desorption can reduce surface H abundances. Therefore, if a model adopts the encounter desorption of H atoms, it becomes more difficult for hydrogenation products such as methanol to form, but it is easier for C, O and N atoms to bond with each other on grain surfaces.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics (RAA)
World Heritage Listing of Australian Natural Sites: Effects on Tourism, Economic Value and Conservation
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Conservation of natural areas
subject: economic impact analysis
subject: economic valuation
subject: tourism
subject: travel cost method
subject: World Heritage listing.

description: This article is primarily concerned with the economic consequences of World Heritage listing for the valuation of natural properties and the economic impacts of this listing. Australian data is used to throw light on this subject. Conceptual problems that arise in valuation are explored and several neglected limitations of the travel cost method for estimating the demand for visits to natural sites are mentioned. The importance of economic impact analysis in this context (especially its political ramifications) is given attention. The use of World Heritage listing for political purposes is discussed. It is argued that World Heritage listing favours the long-term conservation of natural properties.
Quasi-symmetry groups and many-body scar dynamics
Creators: name: Ren, Jie
name: Liang, Chenguang
name: Fang, Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In quantum systems, a subspace spanned by degenerate eigenvectors of the Hamiltonian may have higher symmetries than those of the Hamiltonian itself. When this enhanced-symmetry group can be generated from local operators, we call it a quasi-symmetry group. When the group is a Lie group, an external field coupled to certain generators of the quasi-symmetry group lifts the degeneracy, and results in exactly periodic dynamics within the degenerate subspace, namely the many-body-scar dynamics (given that Hamiltonian is non-integrable). We provide two related schemes for constructing one-dimensional spin models having on-demand quasi-symmetry groups, with exact periodic evolution of a pre-chosen product or matrix-product state under certain external fields.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures, accepted version
INTEGRATION OF NEUROIMAGING AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL METHODS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF MILD TO MODERATE CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA
Creators: name: Jumanova, Munisa
name: Abdurazokov, Isomiddin
name: Mirzaeva, Lobar
name: Khalilov, Akbarjon
name: Kasimov, Arslanbek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The problem of diagnosing traumatic brain injury (TBI) of mild and moderate severity is becoming increasingly relevant in modern neurotraumatology. According to world statistics, mild and moderate TBI accounts for up to 80-85% of all cases of traumatic brain injury, which determines the high socio-economic significance of this problem. Of particular importance is the fact that the main group of victims are people of working age, which significantly affects the demographic and economic indicators of society.
On Data Augmentation for GAN Training
Creators: name: Tran, Ngoc-Trung
name: Tran, Viet-Hung
name: Nguyen, Ngoc-Bao
name: Nguyen, Trung-Kien
name: Cheung, Ngai-Man
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Recent successes in Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) have affirmed the importance of using more data in GAN training. Yet it is expensive to collect data in many domains such as medical applications. Data Augmentation (DA) has been applied in these applications. In this work, we first argue that the classical DA approach could mislead the generator to learn the distribution of the augmented data, which could be different from that of the original data. We then propose a principled framework, termed Data Augmentation Optimized for GAN (DAG), to enable the use of augmented data in GAN training to improve the learning of the original distribution. We provide theoretical analysis to show that using our proposed DAG aligns with the original GAN in minimizing the Jensen-Shannon (JS) divergence between the original distribution and model distribution. Importantly, the proposed DAG effectively leverages the augmented data to improve the learning of discriminator and generator. We conduct experiments to apply DAG to different GAN models: unconditional GAN, conditional GAN, self-supervised GAN and CycleGAN using datasets of natural images and medical images. The results show that DAG achieves consistent and considerable improvements across these models. Furthermore, when DAG is used in some GAN models, the system establishes state-of-the-art Frechet Inception Distance (FID) scores. Our code is available.
description: Accepted in IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
PPFP Choices Kenya and Indonesia Policy Maker Key Informant Interview Guide
Creators: name: Breithaupt, Lindsay
name: Charurat, Elaine
name: Kennedy, Sara
name: Christofield, Megan
name: Schuster, Anne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Health Care
subject: 111707 Family Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This is the Kenya and Indonesia Policy Maker Key Informant Interview tool for Jhpiego's Post Pregnancy Family Planning Choices (PPFP Choices) operations research study in Kenya and Indonesia. Included are the English and Bahasa version of the consent and interview tools (Kenyan interviews are completed in English).
Negative energy and stability in scalar-tensor gravity
Creators: name: Faraoni, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Linearized gravitational waves in Brans-Dicke and scalar-tensor theories carry negative energy. A gauge-invariant analysis shows that the background Minkowski space is stable at the classical level with respect to linear scalar and tensor inhomogeneous perturbations.
description: 9 pages, latex, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
The experience of a major sport injury for female adolescent athletes
Creators: name: Wicken, Tania
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this study was to describe the meaning of a major sport injury from a female adolescent athletes' perspective. A qualitative, phenomenological methodology was used to find a general structure for this phenomenon. Interviews were conducted with six (N= 6) female athletes between 14 and 17 years of age who had incurred an injury that would not allow them to fully participate in sports for a minimum of 21 days. Inductive, thematic analysis revealed eight common themes as the essence of having a sport injury for adolescent female athletes, which included: From Daily Frustrations to Sources of Anger, A Sense of Emptiness, A Sense of Uncertainty and Worry, Not Accepting the Injury, A Sense of Guilt, Seeing Makes it Real, I am Support But Alone, and A Coming to "It's Not All Bad." A follow up interview with participants both confirmed and clarified the findings generated from the first interview. Taken together, these findings revealed that for these female athletes, the experience of a major sports injury is a complex and multi-faceted phenomenon. Findings are discussed with respect to the sport injury research, as well as adolescent social-cognitive development. Suggestions for future research, limitations, and implications for working with an injured female adolescent athlete are discussed.
hIPPYlib User Manual: Version 2
Creators: name: Villa, Umberto
name: Petra, Noemi
name: Ghattas, Omar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 10203 Calculus of Variations, Systems Theory and Control Theory
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 10301 Numerical Analysis
subject: 10303 Optimisation
subject: 10110 Partial Differential Equations
subject: 80204 Mathematical Software
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 80205 Numerical Computation
subject: 80306 Open Software
subject: 80110 Simulation and Modelling
subject: Statistics

description: hIPPYlib is an extensible software framework for the solution of large-scale deterministic and Bayesian inverse problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) with possibly infinite-dimensional parameter fields (which are high-dimensional after discretization). It builds on FEniCS (a parallel finite element library) for the discretization of the PDE and on PETSc for scalable and efficient linear algebra operations and solvers.
Footballs, Conical Singularities and the Liouville Equation
Creators: name: Redi, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We generalize the football shaped extra dimensions scenario to an arbitrary number of branes. The problem is related to the solution of the Liouville equation with singularities and explicit solutions are presented for the case of three branes. The tensions of the branes do not need to be tuned with each other but only satisfy mild global constraints.
description: 15 pages, Refs. added, minor changes. Typo in eq. 4.3 corrected. Version to be published in PRD
title: Applications of multinuclear solid-state NMR spectroscopy to the characterisation of industrial catalysts
Creators: name: Andrew Gordon McLaughlin, Rankin
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2018

description: This thesis describes applications of advanced multinuclear solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments to the characterisation of industrially-relevant catalyst materials. Experiments on γ-Al₂O₃ introduce the use of solid-state NMR spectroscopy for the investigation of disordered solids. The existence of Al(V) sites on the surface of this material is demonstrated, showing that removal of adsorbed H₂O may facilitate a rearrangement effect in γ-Al₂O₃ that promotes the formation of these Al environments. A range of aluminium oxide-based supported metal catalysts has been investigated. Studies of these systems by ¹H and ²⁷Al solid-state NMR spectroscopy indicate that a metal-support interaction (MSI) exists between surface cobalt oxide crystallites and the γ-Al₂O₃ support, and is strongest for materials containing small, well dispersed Co oxide crystallites. It is shown that the hygroscopic nature of γ-Al₂O₃ allows the extent of the MSI to be visualised by ¹H MAS NMR, by observing the extent of the proton-metal oxide interaction resulting from the presence of adventitious adsorbed H₂O. The surface/bulk chemistry of Co spinel aluminate materials is also investigated. ¹H, ²⁹Si, ²⁷Al and ¹⁷O solid-state NMR techniques are used to gain insight into the structural nature of silicated alumina catalysts. The combination of isotopic enrichment and dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP) surface-enhanced NMR spectroscopy can provide a definitive and fully quantitative description of the surface structure of Si-γ-Al₂O₃ (1.5 wt% Si), and the role of adventitious surface water is highlighted. Analysis of silicated aluminas prepared by “sequential grafting” and “single shot” approaches shows that silica growth on γ-Al₂O₃ follows two distinct morphologies. ¹⁷O gas exchange enrichment is also shown to be successful in facilitating ¹⁷O solid-state NMR studies of these materials. It is demonstrated that double (²⁹Si and ¹⁷O) enrichment of Si-γ-Al₂O₃ (1.5 wt% Si) can facilitate access to ²⁹Si-¹⁷O 2D correlation experiments, even at low silica loading. An exploratory investigation of Ti-alumina model catalysts has also been carried out using ¹H, ²⁷Al and ¹⁷O solid-state NMR spectroscopy. These studies indicate that Ti-γ-Al₂O₃ and Ti-Al M50 may be structurally distinct materials.
Improved P&O algorithm for MPPT in photovoltaic array using interleaved boost converter
Creators: name: Hashemzadeh, Seyed Majid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90608 Renewable Power and Energy Systems Engineering (excl. Solar Cells)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 90607 Power and Energy Systems Engineering (excl. Renewable Power)

description: In this paper, an improved Perturb & Observe algorithm proposed to maximum power point tracking in a photovoltaic array. In this work, the interleaved boost converter used, which can extract more power than a single converter structure. In the suggested approach, to improve performance of Perturb & Observe algorithm versus tracking accuracy, the reference voltage of this algorithm has been a function of irradiation and temperature of the photovoltaic module surface, which at any moment, enables the algorithm to create a voltage for the controller of the converter input voltage that this voltage, proportionate to maximum power point of a photovoltaic module. Simulation outcomes and comparative investigations with classical Perturb & Observe algorithm used in single converter structure, verify the adequate performance of the recommended method versus extract more power from the photovoltaic array.
Coexistence of black holes and a long-range scalar field in cosmology
Creators: name: Zloshchastiev, Konstantin G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exactly solvable scalar hairy black hole model (originated from the modern high-energy theory) is proposed. It turns out that the existence of black holes (BH) is strongly correlated to global scalar field, in a sense that they mutually impose bounds upon their physical parameters like the BH mass (lower bound) or the cosmological constant (upper bound). We consider the same model also as a cosmological one and show that it agrees with recent experimental data; additionally, it provides a unified quintessence-like description of dark energy and dark matter.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
On the Effects due to a Decaying Cosmological Fluctuation
Creators: name: Amendola, Luca
name: Finelli, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the initial conditions for a decaying cosmological perturbation and study its signatures in the CMB anisotropies and matter power spectra. An adiabatic decaying mode in presence of components which are not described as perfect fluids (such as collisionless matter) decays slower than in a perfect-fluid dominated universe and displays super-Hubble oscillations. By including a correlated decaying mode with a red or a scale invariant spectrum, the anisotropy pattern shows super-imposed oscillations before the first Dopplear peak, while with a blue spectrum the amplitude of the secondary peaks relative to the first one and the matter power spectrum can be altered. WMAP first year data constrain the decaying to growing ratio of scale invariant adiabatic fluctuations at the matter-radiation equality to less than 10%.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Final revised version which matches the paper in press in PRL
3-D Models of Embedded High-Mass Stars: Effects of a Clumpy Circumstellar Medium
Creators: name: Indebetouw, R.
name: Whitney, B. A.
name: Johnson, K. E.
name: wood, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use 3-D radiative transfer models to show the effects of clumpy circumstellar material on the observed infrared colors of high mass stars embedded in molecular clouds. We highlight differences between 3-D clumpy and 1-D smooth models which can affect the interpretation of data. We discuss several important properties of the emergent spectral energy distribution (SED): More near-infrared light (scattered and direct from the central source) can escape than in smooth 1-D models. The near- and mid-infrared SED of the same object can vary significantly with viewing angle, depending on the clump geometry along the sightline. Even the wavelength-integrated flux can vary with angle by more than a factor of two. Objects with the same average circumstellar dust distribution can have very different near-and mid-IR SEDs depending on the clump geometry and the proximity of the most massive clump to the central source. Although clumpiness can cause similar objects to have very different SEDs, there are some observable trends. Near- and mid-infrared colors are sensitive to the weighted average distance of clumps from the central source and to the magnitude of clumpy density variations (smooth-to-clumpy ratio). Far-infrared emission remains a robust measure of the total dust mass. We present simulated SEDs, colors, and images for 2MASS and Spitzer filters. We compare to observations of some UCHII regions and find that 3-D clumpy models fit better than smooth models. In particular, clumpy models with fractal dimensions in the range 2.3-2.8, smooth to clumpy ratios of <50%, and density distributions with shallow average radial density profiles fit the SEDs best.
description: accepted to ApJ; version with full-res figures: http://www.astro.virginia.edu/~ri3e/clumpy3d.pdf
Nanomechanical characterization of the fracture toughness of Al/SiC nanolaminates
Creators: name: Yang, L. W.
name: Mayer, C. R.
name: Chawla, N.
name: LLorca, J.
name: Molina-Aldareguía, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fracture toughness of Al/SiC nanolaminates with different layer thicknesses (in the range 10 to 100 nm) was measured by means of micropillar splitting and bending of a notched beam. The crack plane was perpendicular to the layers in the former while notched beams with the notch parallel and perpendicular to the layers were milled in the latter. It was found that crack propagation parallel to the layers took place along the metal-ceramic interfaces and the toughness increased with the layer thickness due to the contribution of the plastic deformation of the Al layers. Crack propagation perpendicular to the layers showed evidence of crack deflection/arrest at the interface. The toughness in this orientation increased as the layer thickness decreased due to the higher density of interfaces except for the nanolaminates with 10 nm layer thickness. In the latter case, crack propagation took place along the weak columnar grain boundaries, leading to a marked reduction in toughness.
Deformation quantization of Poisson manifolds in the derivative expansion
Creators: name: Bratchikov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deformation quantization of Poisson manifolds is studied within the framework of an expansion in powers of derivatives of Poisson structures. We construct the Lie group associated with a Poisson bracket algebra which defines a second order deformation in the derivative expansion.
description: 7 pages,minor corrections; v3: details added
A vision for global privacy bridges: Technical and legal measures for international data markets
Creators: name: Spiekermann, Sarah
name: Novotny, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: From the early days of the information economy, personal data has been its most valuable asset. Despite data protection laws and an acknowledged right to privacy, trading personal information has become a business equated with "trading oil". Most of this business is done without the knowledge and active informed consent of the people. But as data breaches and abuses are made public through the media, consumers react. They become irritated about companies' data handling practices, lose trust, exercise political pressure and start to protect their privacy with the help of technical tools. As a result, companies' Internet business models that are based on personal data are unsettled. An open conflict is arising between business demands for data and a desire for privacy. As of 2015 no true answer is in sight of how to resolve this conflict. Technologists, economists and regulators are struggling to develop technical solutions and policies that meet businesses' demand for more data while still maintaining privacy. Yet, most of the proposed solutions fail to account for market complexity and provide no pathway to technological and legal implementation. They lack a bigger vision for data use and privacy. To break this vicious cycle, we propose and test such a vision of a personal information market with privacy. We accumulate technical and legal measures that have been proposed by technical and legal scholars over the past two decades. And out of this existing knowledge, we compose something new: a four-space market model for personal data.
description: Information privacy Personal data market Economics of personal information Privacy regulation
Phenomenological lattice model for dynamic spin and charge fluctuations in the cuprates
Creators: name: Vojta, Matthias
name: Sachdev, Subir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent neutron scattering experiments on the cuprate superconductors, we present a phenomenological framework describing the dynamics of collective spin excitations coupled to charge/bond order fluctuations. Our quantum lattice model contains two order parameter fields, and can capture spin excitations both in broken-symmetry states with static lattice modulations, as well as in homogeneous states where the charge/bond order is fluctuating. We present results for different types of static charge/bond order, namely site- and bond-centered stripes, and plaquette modulation.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; Proceedings of SNS 2004, Sitges, Spain
ICDVarBase_PV
Creators: name: Wei-Chih Huang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cardiology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The data of the identified putative variants, corresponding patients, and related annotations in ICDVarBase is provided to the research community free of charge as comma separated values file.
Empleo femenino y su efecto sobre la distribución de la renta familiar en el medio rural
Creators: name: Vera-Toscano, Esperanza
name: Moyano-Estrada, Eduardo
name: Vera-Toscano, Esperanza
name: Moyano-Estrada, Eduardo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Mujeres
subject: género
subject: empleo
subject: sociedad rural
subject: Andalucía

description: En este artículo se analiza, a partir de datos de una encuesta realizada en 2008 a una muestra de la población rural femenina de Andalucía, los efectos del empleo femenino sobre la distribución de la renta familiar. Los resultados muestran la significativa contribución del salario femenino al conjunto del hogar, contribución que se incrementa de forma especial en los hogares de menores ingresos, lo que confirma la importancia del empleo de la mujer para equilibrar las rentas de en las familias rurales. También se muestra en este trabajo que, a pesar de la aparentemente indiscutible contribución al bienestar de los ingresos de la economía familiar de estas mujeres, su empleo tiende a ser altamente vulnerable/precario, con alto grado de estacionalidad y sin cotizaciones a la Seguridad Social, con las evidentes implicaciones sobre el riesgo de exclusión social