cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Assessment of beating parameters in human induced pluripotent stem cells enables quantitative in vitro screening for cardiotoxicity
Creators: name: Wignall, Jessica A.
name: Sirenko, Oksana
name: Cromwell, Evan F.
name: Crittenden, Carole
name: Rusyn, Ivan
name: Wright, Fred A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes show promise for screening during early drug development. Here, we tested a hypothesis that in vitro assessment of multiple cardiomyocyte physiological parameters enables predictive and mechanistically-interpretable evaluation of cardiotoxicity in a high-throughput format. Human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes were exposed for 30 minutes or 24 hours to 131 drugs, positive (107) and negative (24) for in vivo cardiotoxicity, in up to 6 concentrations (3 nM to 30 μM) in 384-well plates. Fast kinetic imaging was used to monitor changes in cardiomyocyte function using intracellular Ca2+ flux readouts synchronous with beating, and cell viability. A number of physiological parameters of cardiomyocyte beating, such as beat rate, peak shape (amplitude, width, raise, decay, etc.) and regularity were collected using automated data analysis. Concentration-response profiles were evaluated using logistic modeling to derive a benchmark concentration (BMC) point-of-departure value, based on one standard deviation departure from the estimated baseline in vehicle (0.3% dimethylsulfoxide)-treated cells. BMC values were used for cardiotoxicity classification and ranking of compounds. Beat rate and several peak shape parameters were found to be good predictors, while cell viability had poor classification accuracy. In addition, we applied the Toxicological Prioritization Index approach to integrate and display data across many collected parameters, to derive “cardiosafety” ranking of tested compounds. Multi-parameter screening of beating profiles allows for cardiotoxicity risk assessment and identification of specific patterns defining mechanism-specific effects. The data and analysis methods may be used widely for compound screening and early safety evaluation in the drug development process.
Teleportation-Based Continuous Variable Quantum Cryptography
Creators: name: Luiz, F. S.
name: Rigolin, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a continuous variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme based on the CV quantum teleportation of coherent states that yields a raw secret key made up of discrete variables for both Alice and Bob. This protocol preserves the efficient detection schemes of current CV technology (no single-photon detection techniques) and, at the same time, has efficient error correction and privacy amplification schemes due to the binary modulation of the key. We show that for a certain type of incoherent attack it is secure for almost any value of the transmittance of the optical line used by Alice to share entangled two-mode squeezed states with Bob (no 3 dB or 50% loss limitation characteristic of beam splitting attacks). The present CVQKD protocol works deterministically (no postselection needed) with efficient direct reconciliation techniques (no reverse reconciliation) in order to generate a secure key and beyond the 50% loss case at the incoherent attack level.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, two-column, RevTex4; v2: published version
Enhancing Generic Data Descriptors with Discipline Specific Metadata
Creators: name: Morkevičius, Vaidas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Discoverability
Metadata
Dataverse Repository
Ex Libris Primo
OpenAIRE
DataCite
Dublin Core
Generic Descriptors
Generic Repositories
Lithuanian Data Archive for Social Sciences and Humanities
Lithuanian Virtual Library

description: Presentation at the half-day satellite event of RDA and EOSC Future at the RDA 20th Plenary Meeting "Building blocks of Global Research Commons: Europe and beyond", Session: "EOSC and its alignment from a bottom-up perspective".
description: This work received funding from the EOSC Future project as part of the RDA Open Calls Programme aimed at on strengthening the work of RDA Communities in EOSC.
Identification of putative estrogen receptor-mediated endocrine disrupting chemicals using QSAR- and structure-based virtual screening approaches
Creators: name: Tropsha, Alexander
name: Tripathi, Ashutosh
name: Afantitis, Antreas
name: Rusyn, Ivan
name: Zhang, Liying
name: Mouchlis, Varnavas D.
name: Zhu, Hao
name: Melagraki, Georgia
name: Sedykh, Alexander
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Identification of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals is one of the important goals of environmental chemical hazard screening. We report on the development of validated in silico predictors of chemicals likely to cause Estrogen Receptor (ER)-mediated endocrine disruption to facilitate their prioritization for future screening. A database of relative binding affinity of a large number of ERα and/or ERβ ligands was assembled (546 for ERα and 137 for ERβ). Both single-task learning (STL) and multi-task learning (MTL) continuous Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) models were developed for predicting ligand binding affinity to ERα or ERβ. High predictive accuracy was achieved for ERα binding affinity (MTL R2=0.71, STL R2=0.73). For ERβ binding affinity, MTL models were significantly more predictive (R2=0.53, p<0.05) than STL models. In addition, docking studies were performed on a set of ER agonists/antagonists (67 agonists and 39 antagonists for ERα, 48 agonists and 32 antagonists for ERβ, supplemented by putative decoys/non-binders) using the following ER structures (in complexes with respective ligands) retrieved from the Protein Data Bank: ERα agonist (PDB ID: 1L2I), ERα antagonist (PDB ID: 3DT3), ERβ agonist (PDB ID: 2NV7), ERβ antagonist (PDB ID: 1L2J). We found that all four ER conformations discriminated their corresponding ligands from presumed non-binders. Finally, both QSAR models and ER structures were employed in parallel to virtually screen several large libraries of environmental chemicals to derive a ligand- and structure-based prioritized list of putative estrogenic compounds to be used for in vitro and in vivo experimental validation.
Additional file 1 of What is the purpose of clinical trial monitoring?
Creators: name: Love, Sharon B.
name: Yorke-Edwards, Victoria
name: Ward, Elizabeth
name: Haydock, Rebecca
name: Keen, Katie
name: Biggs, Katie
name: Gopalakrishnan, Gosala
name: Marsh, Lucy
name: O’Sullivan, Lydia
name: Fox, Lisa
name: Payerne, Estelle
name: Hood, Kerenza
name: Meakin, Garry
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Additional file 1. Sources used for the paper.
A search for two body muon decay signals
Creators: name: Bayes, R.
name: Bueno, J.
name: Davydov, Yu. I.
name: Depommier, P.
name: Faszer, W.
name: Fujiwara, M. C.
name: Gagliardi, C. A.
name: Gaponenko, A.
name: Gill, D. R.
name: Grossheim, A.
name: Gumplinger, P.
name: Hasinoff, M. D.
name: Henderson, R. S.
name: Hillairet, A.
name: Hu, J.
name: Koetke, D. D.
name: MacDonald, R. P.
name: Marshall, G. M.
name: Mathie, E. L.
name: Mischke, R. E.
name: Olchanski, K.
name: Olin, A.
name: Openshaw, R.
name: Poutissou, J. -M.
name: Poutissou, R.
name: Selivanov, V.
name: Sheffer, G.
name: Shin, B.
name: Stanislaus, T. D. S.
name: Tacik, R.
name: Tribble, R. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lepton family number violation is tested by searching for $μ^+\to e^+X^0$ decays among the 5.8$\times 10^8$ positive muon decay events analyzed by the TWIST collaboration. Limits are set on the production of both massless and massive $X^0$ bosons. The large angular acceptance of this experiment allows limits to be placed on anisotropic $μ^+\to e^+X^0$ decays, which can arise from interactions violating both lepton flavor and parity conservation. Branching ratio limits of order $10^{-5}$ are obtained for bosons with masses of 13 - 80 MeV/c$^2$ and with different decay asymmetries. For bosons with masses less than 13 MeV/c$^{2}$ the asymmetry dependence is much stronger and the 90% limit on the branching ratio varies up to $5.8 \times 10^{-5}$. This is the first study that explicitly evaluates the limits for anisotropic two body muon decays.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, accepted by PRD
Generation and characterization of isolated attosecond pulses at 100 kHz repetition rate
Creators: name: Witting, Tobias
name: Osolodkov, Mikhail
name: Schell, Felix
name: Morales, Felipe
name: Patchkovskii, Serguei
name: Šušnjar, Peter
name: Cavalcante, Fabio H. M.
name: Menoni, Carmen S.
name: Schulz, Claus P.
name: Furch, Federico J.
name: Vrakking, Marcus J. J.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Attosecond pulses
subject: Light sources
subject: Pulse generation
subject: Ultrashort pulses
subject: Extreme ultraviolet (XUV)
subject: Eectron dynamics in atoms, molecules, and solids
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: The generation of coherent light pulses in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral region with attosecond pulse durations constitutes the foundation of the field of attosecond science. Twenty years after the first demonstration of isolated attosecond pulses, they continue to be a unique tool enabling the observation and control of electron dynamics in atoms, molecules, and solids. It has long been identified that an increase in the repetition rate of attosecond light sources is necessary for many applications in atomic and molecular physics, surface science, and imaging. Although high harmonic generation (HHG) at repetition rates exceeding 100 kHz, showing a continuum in the cutoff region of the XUV spectrum, was already demonstrated in 2013, the number of photons per pulse was insufficient to perform pulse characterization via attosecond streaking, let alone to perform a pump-probe experiment. Here we report on the generation and full characterization of XUV attosecond pulses via HHG driven by near-single-cycle pulses at a repetition rate of 100 kHz. The high number of 106 XUV photons per pulse on target enables attosecond electron streaking experiments through which the XUV pulses are determined to consist of a dominant single attosecond pulse. These results open the door for attosecond pump-probe spectroscopy studies at a repetition rate 1 or 2 orders of magnitude above current implementations.
Methylated trivalent arsenicals are potent inhibitors of glucose stimulated insulin secretion by murine pancreatic islets
Creators: name: Douillet, Christelle
name: Currier, Jenna
name: Bodnar, Wanda M.
name: Stýblo, Miroslav
name: Matoušek, Tomáš
name: Saunders, Jesse
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Epidemiologic evidence has linked chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) with an increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Laboratory studies have identified several mechanisms by which iAs can impair glucose homeostasis. We have previously shown that micromolar concentrations of arsenite (iAsIII) or its methylated trivalent metabolites, methylarsonite (MAsIII) and dimethylarsinite (DMAsIII), inhibit the insulin-activated signal transduction pathway, resulting in insulin resistance in adipocytes. Our present study examined effects of the trivalent arsenicals on insulin secretion by intact pancreatic islets isolated from C57BL/6 mice. We found that 48-hour exposures to low subtoxic concentrations of iAsIII, MAsIII or DMAsIII inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), but not basal insulin secretion. MAsIII and DMAsIII were more potent than iAsIII as GSIS inhibitors with estimated IC50≤0.1 μM. The exposures had little or no effects on insulin content of the islets or on insulin expression, suggesting that trivalent arsenicals interfere with mechanisms regulating packaging of the insulin transport vesicles or with translocation of these vesicles to the plasma membrane. Notably, the inhibition of GSIS by iAsIII, MAsIII or DMAsIII could be reversed by a 24-hour incubation of the islets in arsenic-free medium. These results suggest that the insulin producing pancreatic β-cells are among the targets for iAs exposure and that the inhibition of GSIS by low concentrations of the methylated metabolites of iAs may be the key mechanism of iAs-induced diabetes.
High power, high repetition rate laser-based sources for attosecond science
Creators: name: Furch, F. J.
name: Witting, T.
name: Osolodkov, M.
name: Schell, F.
name: Schulz, C. P.
name: Vrakking, Marcus J. J.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: ultrafast optics
subject: attosecond science
subject: high repetition rate
subject: OPCPA
subject: nonlinear pulse compression
subject: few-cycle pulses
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: Within the last two decades attosecond science has been established as a novel research field providing insights into the ultrafast electron dynamics that follows a photoexcitation or photoionization process. Enabled by technological advances in ultrafast laser amplifiers, attosecond science has been in turn, a powerful engine driving the development of novel sources of intense ultrafast laser pulses. This article focuses on the development of high repetition rate laser-based sources delivering high energy pulses with a duration of only a few optical cycles, for applications in attosecond science. In particular, a high power, high repetition rate optical parametric chirped pulse amplification system is described, which was developed to drive an attosecond pump-probe beamline targeting photoionization experiments with electron-ion coincidence detection at high acquisition rates.
Impact of age, sex, and joint form on degenerative lesions of the sacroiliac joints on CT in the normal population
Creators: name: Ziegeler, Katharina
name: Kreutzinger, Virginie
name: Diekhoff, Torsten
name: Roehle, Robert
name: Poddubnyy, Denis
name: Pumberger, Matthias
name: Hamm, Bernd
name: Hermann, Kay Geert A.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: sacroiliac joints (SIJs)
subject: degenerative SIJ
subject: CT
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Degeneration of the sacroiliac joints (SIJs) is a common finding, while its underlying cause and development remain incompletely understood. The aim of this investigation was to describe the spatial distribution of degenerative SIJ changes across age groups and to investigate for the first time their relationship to anatomical form and sex. For this IRB-approved investigation, demographic data of 818 patients without SIJ disease were retrieved from electronic patient records. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) datasets of all patients were analysed retrospectively for seven predefined age groups (ten-year increments, from<25 to75). A structured scoring system was applied to assess sclerosis, osteophytes, joint space alterations, and anatomical form. Chi-square tests were used to compare frequencies of degenerative lesions, and logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate associations between demographic data, anatomical form, and the presence of structural lesions. Sclerosis and osteophytes were common findings, with an overall prevalence of 45.7% and 46.8%, respectively. Female sex had an odds ratio (OR) of 0.15 (95% CI: 0.08-0.27) for the presence of ventral osteophytes and of 4.42 (95% CI: 2.77-7.04) for dorsal osteophytes. Atypical joint forms were significantly more prevalent in women with 62.1% vs. 14.1% in men (p<0.001). Accessory joints increased the likelihood of dorsal sclerosis (OR 2.735; 95% CI 1.376-5.436) while a typical joint form decreased its likelihood (OR 0.174; 95% CI 0.104-0.293). Sex and anatomical joint form have a major impact on the development of degenerative lesions of the SIJs and their spatial distribution.
On the effect of the drive on self-organized criticality
Creators: name: Winkler, Marco
name: Falk, Johannes
name: Kinzel, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The well known Sandpile model of self-organized criticality generates avalanches of all length and time scales, without tuning any parameters. In the original models the external drive is randomly selected. Here we investigate a drive which depends on the present state of the system, namely the effect of favoring sites with a certain height in the deposition process. If sites with height three are favored, the system stays in a critical state. Our numerical results indicate the same universality class as the original model with random depositition, although the stationary state is approached very differently. In constrast, when favoring sites with height two, only avalanches which cover the entire system occur. Furthermore, we investigate the distributions of sites with a certain height, as well as the transient processes of the different variants of the external drive.
description: 9 pages, 16 figures
Additional file 2 of What is the purpose of clinical trial monitoring?
Creators: name: Love, Sharon B.
name: Yorke-Edwards, Victoria
name: Ward, Elizabeth
name: Haydock, Rebecca
name: Keen, Katie
name: Biggs, Katie
name: Gopalakrishnan, Gosala
name: Marsh, Lucy
name: O’Sullivan, Lydia
name: Fox, Lisa
name: Payerne, Estelle
name: Hood, Kerenza
name: Meakin, Garry
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Additional file 2. Questions used in UKCRC Task and Finish Monitoring Group annual meeting 9 June 2021.
Ozone induces glucose intolerance and systemic metabolic effects in young and aged brown Norway rats
Creators: name: Andrews, D.
name: Bass, V.
name: Schladweiler, M.C.
name: MacPhail, R.C.
name: Phillips, P.M.
name: Miller, D.
name: Ledbetter, A.D.
name: Kodavanti, U.P.
name: Cascio, W.E.
name: Gordon, C.J.
name: Doerfler, D.L.
name: Jarema, K.A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Air pollutants have been associated with increased diabetes in humans. We hypothesized that ozone would impair glucose homeostasis by altering insulin signaling and/or endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress in young and aged rats. One, 4, 12, and 24 month old Brown Norway (BN) rats were exposed to air or ozone, 0.25 or 1.0 ppm, 6 h/day for 2 days (acute) or 2 d/week for 13 weeks (subchronic). Additionally, 4 month old rats were exposed to air or 1.0 ppm ozone, 6 h/day for 1 or 2 days (time-course). Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed immediately after exposure. Serum and tissue biomarkers were analyzed 18 h after final ozone for acute and subchronic studies, and immediately after each day of exposure in the time-course study. Age-related glucose intolerance and increases in metabolic biomarkers were apparent at baseline. Acute ozone caused hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in rats of all ages. Ozone-induced glucose intolerance was reduced in rats exposed for 13 weeks. Acute, but not subchronic ozone increased α2-macroglobulin, adiponectin and osteopontin. Time-course analysis indicated glucose intolerance at days 1 and 2 (2> 1), and a recovery 18 h post ozone. Leptin increased day 1 and epinephrine at all times after ozone. Ozone tended to decrease phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 in liver and adipose tissues. ER stress appeared to be the consequence of ozone induced acute metabolic impairment since transcriptional markers of ER stress increased only after 2 days of ozone. In conclusion, acute ozone exposure induces marked systemic metabolic impairments in BN rats of all ages, likely through sympathetic stimulation.
Prediction of binding affinity and efficacy of thyroid hormone receptor ligands using QSAR and structure-based modeling methods
Creators: name: Politi, Regina
name: Tropsha, Alexander
name: Rusyn, Ivan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The thyroid hormone receptor (THR) is an important member of the nuclear receptor family that can be activated by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC). Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models have been developed to facilitate the prioritization of THR-mediated EDC for the experimental validation. The largest database of binding affinities available at the time of the study for ligand binding domain (LBD) of THRβ was assembled to generate both continuous and classification QSAR models with an external accuracy of R2=0.55 and CCR=0.76, respectively. In addition, for the first time a QSAR model was developed to predict binding affinities of antagonists inhibiting the interaction of coactivators with the AF-2 domain of THRβ (R2=0.70). Furthermore, molecular docking studies were performed for a set of THRβ ligands (57 agonists and 15 antagonists of LBD, 210 antagonists of the AF-2 domain, supplemented by putative decoys/non-binders) using several THRβ structures retrieved from the Protein Data Bank. We found that two agonist-bound THRβ conformations could effectively discriminate their corresponding ligands from presumed non-binders. Moreover, one of the agonist conformations could discriminate agonists from antagonists. Finally, we have conducted virtual screening of a chemical library compiled by the EPA as part of the Tox21 program to identify potential THRβ-mediated EDCs using both QSAR models and docking. We concluded that the library is unlikely to have any EDC that would bind to the THRβ. Models developed in this study can be employed either to identify environmental chemicals interacting with the THR or, conversely, to eliminate the THR-mediated mechanism of action for chemicals of concern.
Four phases of angular-momentum buildup in high-z galaxies: from cosmic-web streams through an extended ring to disc and bulge
Creators: name: Danovich, Mark
name: Dekel, Avishai
name: Hahn, Oliver
name: Ceverino, Daniel
name: Primack, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the angular-momentum (AM) buildup in high-$z$ massive galaxies using high-resolution cosmological simulations. The AM originates in co-planar streams of cold gas and merging galaxies tracing cosmic-web filaments, and it undergoes four phases of evolution. (I) Outside the halo virial radius ($R_{\rm v}\!\sim\!100\,{\rm kpc}$), the elongated streams gain AM by tidal torques with a specific AM (sAM) $\sim\!1.7$ times the dark-matter (DM) spin due to the gas' higher quadrupole moment. This AM is expressed as stream impact parameters, from $\sim\!0.3R_{\rm v}$ to counter rotation. (II) In the outer halo, while the incoming DM mixes with the existing halo of lower sAM to a spin $λ_{\rm dm}\!\sim\!0.04$, the cold streams transport the AM to the inner halo such that their spin in the halo is $\sim\!3λ_{\rm dm}$. (III) Near pericenter, the streams dissipate into an irregular rotating ring extending to $\sim\!0.3R_{\rm v}$ and tilted relative to the inner disc. Torques exerted partly by the disc make the ring gas lose AM, spiral in, and settle into the disc within one orbit. The ring is observable with 30\% probability as a damped Lyman-$α$ absorber. (IV) Within the disc, $
description: Resubmitted to MNRAS after responding to referee's comments. (27 pages, 20 figures)
title: CLUNIA REVISITED – Archäologische Interpretation römischer Gebäudereste „uf dr Studa“ in Feldkirch-Altenstadt basierend auf hochauflösender Bodenradarprospektion
Creators: name: Gamon, Martin
Year: 2022

description: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit widmet sich den römischen Gebäuderesten in der Fundzone „uf dr Studa“ nördlich von Altenstadt/Feldkirch, die allgemein mit der römischen Straßenstation Clunia gleichgesetzt werden. Diese Gebäudereste wurden im Jahr 1884 entdeckt und zu einem großen Teil freigelegt. In der Folge gerieten die Gebäudereste in Vergessenheit, bis sie durch geophysikalische Prospektionen in den Jahren 1998/99 erneut untersucht wurden. Dabei wurden weitere Gebäude entdeckt, die in den Folgejahren teilweise archäologisch gegraben wurden. Im Jahr 2015 erfolgte eine erneute, motorisierte Bodenradarprospektion des Areals, deren Ziel ein Vergleich der älteren Radardaten mit den neueren, hochauflösenden Daten war. Im Zuge einer umfassenden Forschungsgeschichte werden alle archäologischen Grabungen im Areal „uf dr Studa“ zusammengetragen, wobei durch Archivrecherchen bislang unbekannte Informationen neue Einblicke in die Grabungen der 1880er Jahre ermöglichen. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit widmet sich der ursprünglichen Forschungsfrage der erneuten Bodenradarprospektion 2015. Dabei werden die neuen Bodenradardaten mit den älteren Prospektionsdaten sowie den Ergebnissen der Altgrabungen verglichen.
description: This master thesis is dedicated to the Roman building remains in the area „uf dr Studa“ north of Altenstadt/Feldkirch, which are generally equated with the Roman road station Clunia. These building remains were discovered in 1884 and a large part of them was uncovered. Subsequently, the building remains fell into oblivion until they were re-examined by geophysical prospections in 1998/99. This revealed further buildings, some of which were archaeologically excavated in subsequent years. In 2015, another ground penetrating radar prospection of the area took place. The goal of this motorized GPR-prospection was to compare the older data with the new high-resolution data. In the course of a comprehensive research history, all archaeological excavations in the area „uf dr Studa“ are compiled, whereby previously unknown information gained through archival research provides new insights into the excavations of the 1880s. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the original research question of the renewed GPR-prospection in 2015, comparing the new data with the older prospection data as well as the results of the old excavations.
Additional file 3 of What is the purpose of clinical trial monitoring?
Creators: name: Love, Sharon B.
name: Yorke-Edwards, Victoria
name: Ward, Elizabeth
name: Haydock, Rebecca
name: Keen, Katie
name: Biggs, Katie
name: Gopalakrishnan, Gosala
name: Marsh, Lucy
name: O’Sullivan, Lydia
name: Fox, Lisa
name: Payerne, Estelle
name: Hood, Kerenza
name: Meakin, Garry
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Additional file 3. File giving a complete version of Table S3.
VWAP Execution as an Optimal Strategy
Creators: name: Kato, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Trading and Market Microstructure (q-fin.TR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The volume weighted average price (VWAP) execution strategy is well known and widely used in practice. In this study, we explicitly introduce a trading volume process into the Almgren-Chriss model, which is a standard model for optimal execution. We then show that the VWAP strategy is the optimal execution strategy for a risk-neutral trader. Moreover, we examine the case of a risk-averse trader and derive the first-order asymptotic expansion of the optimal strategy for a mean-variance optimization problem.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, long version of the paper "VWAP execution as an optimal strategy" in JSIAM Letters, Vol. 7 (2015), pp.33-36
Inhaled ozone (O3)-induces changes in serum metabolomic and liver transcriptomic profiles in rats
Creators: name: Bass, Virginia L.
name: Ledbetter, Allen D.
name: Karoly, Edward D.
name: Snow, Samantha J.
name: Kodavanti, Urmila P.
name: Miller, Desinia B.
name: Cascio, Wayne E.
name: Vallanat, Beena D.
name: Ward, William O.
name: Andrews, Debora L.
name: Jones, Jan C.
name: Richards, Judy E.
name: Schladweiler, Mette C.
name: Ghio, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Air pollution has been linked to increased incidence of diabetes. Recently, we showed that ozone (O3) induces glucose intolerance, and increases serum leptin and epinephrine in Brown Norway rats. In this study, we hypothesized that O3 exposure will cause systemic changes in metabolic homeostasis and that serum metabolomic and liver transcriptomic profiling will provide mechanistic insights. In the first experiment, male Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were exposed to filtered air (FA) or O3 at 0.25, 0.50, or 1.0 ppm, 6 h/day for two days to establish concentration-related effects on glucose tolerance and lung injury. In a second experiment, rats were exposed to FA or 1.0 ppm O3, 6 h/day for either one or two consecutive days, and systemic metabolic responses were determined immediately after or 18 h post-exposure. O3 increased serum glucose and leptin on day 1. Glucose intolerance persisted through two days of exposure but reversed 18 h-post second exposure. O3 increased circulating metabolites of glycolysis, long-chain free fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids and cholesterol, while 1,5-anhydroglucitol, bile acids and metabolites of TCA cycle were decreased, indicating impaired glycemic control, proteolysis and lipolysis. Liver gene expression increased for markers of glycolysis, TCA cycle and gluconeogenesis, and decreased for markers of steroid and fat biosynthesis. Genes involved in apoptosis and mitochondrial function were also impacted by O3. In conclusion, short-term O3 exposure induces global metabolic derangement involving glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, typical of a stress–response. It remains to be examined if these alterations contribute to insulin resistance upon chronic exposure.
A Method to Simulate the Observed Surface Properties of Proton Irradiated Silicon Strip Sensors
Creators: name: Peltola, Timo
name: Bhardwaj, Ashutosh
name: Dalal, Ranjeet
name: Eber, Robert
name: Eichhorn, Thomas
name: Lalwani, Kavita
name: Messineo, Alberto
name: Printz, Martin
name: Ranjan, Kirti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During the scheduled high luminosity upgrade of LHC, the world's largest particle physics accelerator at CERN, the position sensitive silicon detectors installed in the vertex and tracking part of the CMS experiment will face more intense radiation environment than the present system was designed for. To upgrade the tracker to required performance level, extensive measurements and simulations studies have already been carried out. A defect model of Synopsys Sentaurus TCAD simulation package for the bulk properties of proton irradiated devices has been producing simulations closely matching with measurements of silicon strip detectors. However, the model does not provide expected behavior due to the fluence increased surface damage. The solution requires an approach that does not affect the accurate bulk properties produced by the proton model, but only adds to it the required radiation induced properties close to the surface. These include the observed position dependency of the strip detector's charge collection efficiency (CCE). In this paper a procedure to find a defect model that reproduces the correct CCE loss, along with other surface properties of a strip detector up to a fluence $1.5\times10^{15}$ 1 MeV n$_{\textrm{eq}}$ cm$^{-2}$, will be presented. When applied with CCE loss measurements at different fluences, this method may provide means for the parametrization of the accumulation of oxide charge at the SiO2/Si interface as a function of dose.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, 16th International Workshop on Radiation Imaging Detectors, Trieste, Italy
Predicting chemically-induced skin reactions. Part I: QSAR models of skin sensitization and their application to identify potentially hazardous compounds
Creators: name: Andrade, Carolina H.
name: Kleinstreuer, Nicole
name: Tropsha, Alexander
name: Alves, Vinicius M.
name: Fourches, Denis
name: Muratov, Eugene
name: Strickland, Judy
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Repetitive exposure to a chemical agent can induce an immune reaction in inherently susceptible individuals that leads to skin sensitization. Although many chemicals have been reported as skin sensitizers, there have been very few rigorously validated QSAR models with defined applicability domains (AD) that were developed using a large group of chemically diverse compounds. In this study, we have aimed to compile, curate, and integrate the largest publicly available dataset related to chemically-induced skin sensitization, use this data to generate rigorously validated and QSAR models for skin sensitization, and employ these models as a virtual screening tool for identifying putative sensitizers among environmental chemicals. We followed best practices for model building and validation implemented with our predictive QSAR workflow using random forest modeling technique in combination with SiRMS and Dragon descriptors. The Correct Classification Rate (CCR) for QSAR models discriminating sensitizers from non-sensitizers were 71–88% when evaluated on several external validation sets, within a broad AD, with positive (for sensitizers) and negative (for non-sensitizers) predicted rates of 85% and 79% respectively. When compared to the skin sensitization module included in the OECD QSAR toolbox as well as to the skin sensitization model in publicly available VEGA software, our models showed a significantly higher prediction accuracy for the same sets of external compounds as evaluated by Positive Predicted Rate, Negative Predicted Rate, and CCR. These models were applied to identify putative chemical hazards in the ScoreCard database of possible skin or sense organ toxicants as primary candidates for experimental validation.
Generalizability of deep learning models for dental image analysis
Creators: name: Krois, Joachim
name: Garcia Cantu, Anselmo
name: Chaurasia, Akhilanand
name: Patil, Ranjitkumar
name: Chaudhari, Prabhat Kumar
name: Gaudin, Robert
name: Gehrung, Sascha
name: Schwendicke, Falk
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: deep learning models
subject: generalizability
subject: dental image analysis
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: We assessed the generalizability of deep learning models and how to improve it. Our exemplary use-case was the detection of apical lesions on panoramic radiographs. We employed two datasets of panoramic radiographs from two centers, one in Germany (Charite, Berlin, n=650) and one in India (KGMU, Lucknow, n=650): First, U-Net type models were trained on images from Charite (n=500) and assessed on test sets from Charite and KGMU (each n=150). Second, the relevance of image characteristics was explored using pixel-value transformations, aligning the image characteristics in the datasets. Third, cross-center training effects on generalizability were evaluated by stepwise replacing Charite with KGMU images. Last, we assessed the impact of the dental status (presence of root-canal fillings or restorations). Models trained only on Charite images showed a (mean +/- SD) F1-score of 54.1 +/- 0.8% on Charite and 32.7 +/- 0.8% on KGMU data (p<0.001/t-test). Alignment of image data characteristics between the centers did not improve generalizability. However, by gradually increasing the fraction of KGMU images in the training set (from 0 to 100%) the F1-score on KGMU images improved (46.1 +/- 0.9%) at a moderate decrease on Charite images (50.9 +/- 0.9%, p<0.01). Model performance was good on KGMU images showing root-canal fillings and/or restorations, but much lower on KGMU images without root-canal fillings and/or restorations. Our deep learning models were not generalizable across centers. Cross-center training improved generalizability. Noteworthy, the dental status, but not image characteristics were relevant. Understanding the reasons behind limits in generalizability helps to mitigate generalizability problems.
Comparison of diagnostic value of 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/MRI and standalone MRI for the detection of intracranial meningiomas
Creators: name: Einhellig, Heike C.
name: Siebert, Eberhard
name: Bauknecht, Hans-C.
name: Tietze, Anna
name: Graef, Josefine
name: Furth, Christian
name: Schulze, Daniel
name: Miszczuk, Milena
name: Bohner, Georg
name: Schatka, Imke
name: Makowski, Marcus R.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 68 Ga‑DOTATOC PET/ MRI
subject: standalone MRI
subject: intracranial meningiomas
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) alone in comparison to positron emission tomography/ magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) in patients with meningiomas. 57 patients with a total of 112 meningiomas of the brain were included. PET/MRI, including a fully diagnostic contrast enhanced MRI and PET, were acquired. PET/MRI was used as reference standard. The size and location of meningiomas was recorded. Likelihood-ratio chi-square tests were used to calculate p-values within logistic regression in order to compare different models. A multi-level logistic regression was applied to comply the hierarchical data structure. Multi-level regression adjusts for clustering in data was performed. The majority (n=103) of meningiomas could be identified based on standard MRI sequences compared to PET/MRI. MRI alone achieved a sensitivity of 95% (95% CI 0.78, 0.99) and specificity of 88% (95% CI 0.58, 0.98). Based on intensity of contrast medium uptake, 97 meningiomas could be diagnosed with intense uptake (93.75%). Sensitivity was lowest with 74% for meningiomas<0.5 cm(3), high with 95% for meningiomas>2cm(3) and highest with 100% for meningiomas 0.5-1.0 cm(3). Petroclival meningiomas showed lowest sensitivity with 88% compared to sphenoidal meningiomas with 94% and orbital meningiomas with 100%. Specificity of meningioma diagnostic with MRI was high with 100% for sphenoidal and hemispherical-dural meningiomas and meningiomas with 0.5-1.0 and 1.0-2.0 cm(3). Overall MRI enables reliable detection of meningiomas compared to PET/MRI. PET/MRI imaging offers highest sensitivity and specificity for small or difficult located meningiomas.
Possible superconductivity in Sr$_{2}$IrO$_{4}$ probed by quasiparticle interference
Creators: name: Gao, Yi
name: Zhou, Tao
name: Huang, Huaixiang
name: Wang, Qiang-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the possible superconducting (SC) pairing symmetries recently proposed, the quasiparticle interference (QPI) patterns in electron- and hole-doped Sr$_{2}$IrO$_{4}$ are theoretically investigated. In the electron-doped case, the QPI spectra can be explained based on a model similar to the octet model of the cuprates while in the hole-doped case, both the Fermi surface topology and the sign of the SC order parameter resemble those of the iron pnictides and there exists a QPI vector resulting from the interpocket scattering between the electron and hole pockets. In both cases, the evolution of the QPI vectors with energy and their behaviors in the nonmagnetic and magnetic impurity scattering cases can well be explained based on the evolution of the constant-energy contours and the sign structure of the SC order parameter. The QPI spectra presented in this paper can be compared with future scanning tunneling microscopy experiments to test whether there are SC phases in electron- and hole-doped Sr$_{2}$IrO$_{4}$ and what the pairing symmetry is.
Top-quark pair production at hadron colliders: differential cross section and phenomenological applications with DiffTop
Creators: name: Guzzi, Marco
name: Lipka, Katerina
name: Moch, Sven-Olaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results of phenomenological studies of top-quark pair production in proton-proton collisions are presented. Differential cross sections are calculated in perturbative QCD at approximate next-to-next-to-leading order ${\cal O}(α_s^4)$ by using methods of threshold resummation beyond the leading logarithmic accuracy. Predictions for the single-particle inclusive kinematics are presented for transverse momentum and rapidity distributions of final-state top quarks. Uncertainties related to the description of proton structure, top-quark mass and strong coupling constant are investigated in detail. The results are compared to the recent measurements by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations at the LHC at the center of mass energy of 7 TeV. The calculation presented here is implemented in the computer code \textsc{Difftop} and can be applied to the general case of heavy-quark pair production at hadron-hadron colliders. For the first time, a fit of parton distribution functions at NNLO is performed by using the differential cross sections of top-quark pair production together with other data sets. The impact of the top-pair production on the precision of the gluon distribution at high scales is illustrated.
description: 30 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables, regular article. Version accepted for a publication on JHEP
Predicting chemically-induced skin reactions. Part II: QSAR models of skin permeability and the relationships between skin permeability and skin sensitization
Creators: name: Strickland, Judy
name: Andrade, Carolina H.
name: Muratov, Eugene
name: Alves, Vinicius M.
name: Tropsha, Alexander
name: Fourches, Denis
name: Kleinstreuer, Nicole
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Skin permeability is widely considered to be mechanistically implicated in chemically-induced skin sensitization. Although many chemicals have been identified as skin sensitizers, there have been very few reports analyzing the relationships between molecular structure and skin permeability of sensitizers and non-sensitizers. The goals of this study were to: (i) compile, curate, and integrate the largest publicly available dataset of chemicals studied for their skin permeability; (ii) develop and rigorously validate QSAR models to predict skin permeability; and (iii) explore the complex relationships between skin sensitization and skin permeability. Based on the largest publicly available dataset compiled in this study, we found no overall correlation between skin permeability and skin sensitization. In addition, cross-species correlation coefficient between human and rodent permeability data was found to be as low as R2=0.44. Human skin permeability models based on the random forest method have been developed and validated using OECD-compliant QSAR modeling workflow. Their external accuracy was high (Q2ext = 0.73 for 63% of external compounds inside the applicability domain). The extended analysis using both experimentally-measured and QSAR-imputed data still confirmed the absence of any overall concordance between skin permeability and skin sensitization. This observation suggests that chemical modifications that affect skin permeability should not be presumed a priori to modulate the sensitization potential of chemicals. The models reported herein as well as those developed in the companion paper on skin sensitization suggest that it may be possible to rationally design compounds with the desired high skin permeability but low sensitization potential.
Measuring people’s covariational reasoning in Bayesian situations
Creators: name: Steib, Nicole
name: Krauss, Stefan
name: Binder, Karin
name: Büchter, Theresa
name: Böcherer-Linder, Katharina
name: Eichler, Andreas
name: Vogel, Markus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: covariational reasoning, Bayesian reasoning, double-tree, unit square, natural frequencies
subject: 510 Mathematik

description: Previous research on Bayesian reasoning has typically investigated people’s
ability to assess a posterior probability (i.e., a positive predictive value) based on
prior knowledge (i.e., base rate, true-positive rate, and false-positive rate). In this
article, we systematically examine the extent to which people understand the
effects of changes in the three input probabilities on the positive predictive value,
that is, covariational reasoning. In this regard, two different operationalizations
for measuring covariational reasoning (i.e., by single-choice vs. slider format) are
investigated in an empirical study with N = 229 university students. In addition, we
aim to answer the question wheter a skill in “conventional” Bayesian reasoning is
a prerequisite for covariational reasoning.
Computation of epidemic final size distributions
Creators: name: Black, Andrew J.
name: Ross, J. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We develop a new methodology for the efficient computation of epidemic final size distributions for a broad class of Markovian models. We exploit a particular representation of the stochastic epidemic process to derive a method which is both computationally efficient and numerically stable. The algorithms we present are also physically transparent and so allow us to extend this method from the basic SIR model to a model with a phase-type infectious period and another with waning immunity. The underlying theory is applicable to many Markovian models where we wish to efficiently calculate hitting probabilities.
description: final published version
The actin binding protein drebrin helps to protect against the development of seizure-like events in the entorhinal cortex
Creators: name: Klemz, Alexander
name: Kreis, Patricia
name: Eickholt, Britta J.
name: Gerevich, Zoltan
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: drebrin
subject: dendritic spine formation
subject: synaptic plasticity
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The actin binding protein drebrin plays a key role in dendritic spine formation and synaptic plasticity. Decreased drebrin protein levels have been observed in temporal lobe epilepsy, suggesting the involvement of drebrin in the disease. Here we investigated the effect of drebrin knockout on physiological and pathophysiological neuronal network activities in mice by inducing gamma oscillations, involved in higher cognitive functions, and by analyzing pathophysiological epileptiform activity. We found that loss of drebrin increased the emergence of spontaneous gamma oscillations suggesting an increase in neuronal excitability when drebrin is absent. Further analysis showed that although the kainate-induced hippocampal gamma oscillations were unchanged in drebrin deficient mice, seizure like events measured in the entorhinal cortex appeared earlier and more frequently. The results suggest that while drebrin is not essential for normal physiological network activity, it helps to protect against the formation of seizure like activities during pathological conditions. The data indicate that targeting drebrin function could potentially be a preventive or therapeutic strategy for epilepsy treatment.