cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Whole-lesion apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram as a quantitative biomarker to preoperatively differentiate stage IA endometrial carcinoma from benign endometrial lesions
Creators: name: Zhang, Jieying
name: Yu, Xiaoduo
name: Zhang, Xiaomiao
name: Chen, Shuang
name: Song, Yan
name: Xie, Lizhi
name: Chen, Yan
name: Ouyang, Han
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1. Table S1. Comparison of ADC histogram parameters between Grade 1/2 and Grade 3 stage IA EC. Table S2. Diagnostic performance of volumetric ADC histogram parameters in differentiating Grade 3 from Grade 1/2 stage IA EC. Table S3. Correlation between ADC histogram parameters and expression of Ki-67 in stage IA EC. Table S4. Comparison of ADC histogram parameters between stage IA ECs with low- and high- Ki-67 expression.
Existence and stability of multiple solutions to the gap equation
Creators: name: Wang, Kun-lun
name: Qin, Si-xue
name: Liu, Yu-xin
name: Chang, Lei
name: Roberts, Craig D.
name: Schmidt, Sebastian M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue by way of examples that, as a nonlinear integral equation, the gap equation can and does possess many physically distinct solutions for the dressed-quark propagator. The examples are drawn from a class that is successful in describing a broad range of hadron physics observables. We apply the homotopy continuation method to each of our four exemplars and thereby find all solutions that exist within the interesting domains of light current-quark masses and interaction strengths; and simultaneously provide an explanation of the nature and number of the solutions, many of which may be associated with dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. Introducing a stability criterion based on the scalar and pseudoscalar susceptibilities we demonstrate, however, that for any nonzero current-quark mass only the regular Nambu solution of the gap equation is stable against perturbations. This guarantees that the existence of multiple solutions to the gap equation cannot complicate the description of phenomena in hadron physics.
description: 14 pages, 15 figures
First-Matsubara-frequency rule in a Fermi liquid. Part I: Fermionic self-energy
Creators: name: Chubukov, Andrey V.
name: Maslov, Dmitrii L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze in detail the fermionic self-energy Σ(ω, T) in a Fermi liquid (FL) at finite temperature T and frequency ω. We consider both canonical FLs -- systems in spatial dimension D >2, where the leading term in the fermionic self-energy is analytic [the retarded ImΣ^R(ω,T) = C(ω^2 +π^2 T^2)], and non-canonical FLs in 11 the next term after O(T) in Σ^R(iπT,T) is of order T^D (T^3\ln T in D=3). This T^D term comes from only forward- and backward scattering, and is expressed in terms of fully renormalized amplitudes for these processes. The overall prefactor of the T^D term vanishes in the "local approximation", when the interaction can be approximated by its value for the initial and final fermionic states right on the Fermi surface. The local approximation is justified near a Pomeranchuk instability, even if the vertex corrections are non-negligible. We show that the strength of the first-Matsubara-frequency rule is amplified in the local approximation, where it states that not only the T^D term vanishes but also that Σ^R(iπT,T) does not contain any terms beyond O(T). This rule imposes two constraints on the scaling form of the self-energy: upon replacing ωby iπT, ImΣ^R(ω,T) must vanish and ReΣ^R (ω, T) must reduce to O(T). These two constraints should be taken into consideration in extracting scaling forms of Σ^R(ω,T) from experimental and numerical data.
description: 22 pages, 3 figures
Floquet-engineered nonlinearities and controllable pair-hopping processes: From optical Kerr cavities to correlated quantum matter
Creators: name: Goldman, Nathan
name: Diessel, Oriana K.
name: Barbiero, Luca
name: Prüfer, Maximilian
name: Di Liberto, Marco
name: Gavensky, Lucila Peralta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work explores the possibility of creating and controlling unconventional nonlinearities by periodic driving, in a broad class of systems described by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). By means of a parent quantum many-body description, we demonstrate that such driven systems are well captured by an effective NLSE with emergent nonlinearities, which can be finely controlled by tuning the driving sequence. We first consider a general class of two-mode nonlinear systems - relevant to optical Kerr cavities, waveguides and Bose-Einstein condensates - where we find an emergent four-wave mixing nonlinearity, which originates from pair-hopping processes in the parent quantum picture. Tuning this drive-induced nonlinearity is shown to modify the phase-space topology, which can be detected through relative population and phase measurements. We then couple individual (two-mode) dimers in view of designing extended lattice models with unconventional nonlinearities and controllable pair-hopping processes. Following this general dimerization construction, we obtain an effective lattice model with drive-induced interactions, whose ground-state exhibits orbital order, chiral currents and emergent magnetic fluxes through the spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry. We analyze these intriguing properties both in the weakly-interacting (mean-field) regime, captured by the effective NLSE, and in the strongly-correlated quantum regime. Our general approach opens a route for the engineering of unconventional optical nonlinearities in photonic devices and controllable drive-induced interactions in ultracold quantum matter.
description: 33 pages, 21 figures, including Appendices. Extended version of arXiv:2203.05554
The size and mass evolution of the massive galaxies over cosmic time
Creators: name: Trujillo, Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Once understood as the paradigm of passively evolving objects, the discovery that massive galaxies experienced an enormous structural evolution in the last ten billion years has opened an active line of research. The most significant pending question in this field is the following: which mechanism has made galaxies to grow largely in size without altering their stellar populations properties dramatically? The most viable explanation is that massive galaxies have undergone a significant number of minor mergers which have deposited most of their material in the outer regions of the massive galaxies. This scenario, although appealing, is still far from be observationally proved since the number of satellite galaxies surrounding the massive objects appears insufficient at all redshifts. The presence also of a population of nearby massive compact galaxies with mixture stellar properties is another piece of the puzzle that still does not nicely fit within a comprehensive scheme. I will review these and other intriguing properties of the massive galaxies in this contribution.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. Invited talk for the IAU Symposium 295 "The Intriguing Life of Massive Galaxies". To appear in Proc. of the XXVIII IAU General Assembly, Beijing, China, August 2012, eds. D. Thomas, A. Pasquali; I. Ferreras. Cambridge University Press. This is a very fast developing field. The present version describes the status of the area by August 2012
Joseph-like ideals and harmonic analysis for osp(m|2n)
Creators: name: Coulembier, Kevin
name: Somberg, Petr
name: Soucek, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 17B35, 16S32, 58C50

description: The Joseph ideal in the universal enveloping algebra U(so(m)) is the annihilator ideal of the so(m)-representation on the harmonic functions on R^{m-2}. The Joseph ideal for sp(2n) is the annihilator ideal of the Segal-Shale-Weil (metaplectic) representation. Both ideals can be constructed in a unified way from a quadratic relation in the tensor algebra of g for g equal to so(m) or sp(2n). In this paper we construct two analogous ideals in the tensor algebra of g and U(g) for g the orthosymplectic Lie superalgebra osp(m|2n)=spo(2n|m) and prove that they have unique characterizations that naturally extend the classical case. Then we show that these two ideals are the annihilator ideals of respectively the osp(m|2n)-representation on the spherical harmonics on R^{m-2|2n} and a generalization of the metaplectic representation to spo(2n|m). This proves that these ideals are reasonable candidates to establish the theory of Joseph-like ideals for Lie superalgebras. We also discuss the relation between the Joseph ideal of osp(m|2n) and the algebra of symmetries of the super conformal Laplace operator, regarded as an intertwining operator between principal series representations for osp(m|2n).
Montanarchäologische Untersuchungen in der südlichen Ortenau
Creators: name: Gassmann, Guntram
name: Jenisch, Bertram
Publisher: name: Archäologische Nachrichten aus Baden
Year: 2018

description: -
description: Archäologische Nachrichten aus Baden, Bd. 44 (1990): Archäologische Nachrichten aus Baden
Perbandingan Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematik Siswa dengan Menggunakan Puzzle antara Siswa Yang Memiliki Gaya Belajar Visual dan Kinestetik di SMA Negeri 3 Langsa
Creators: name: Zulkarnaini, Sarah
name: Suzana, Yenni
name: Irwansyah, Budi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Teacher education and professional development of educators
Other education not elsewhere classified
Higher education

description: Penelitian ini bertujuan membandngkan kemampuan pemahaman matematik siswa di SMA N 3 Langsa setelah menggunakan Puzzle ditinjau dari gaya belajar visual dan kinestetik
Marc Bar, Monnaies grecques et assimilées trouvées en Belgique
Creators: name: Cahn, Herbert A.
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2018

description: Rezension zu: Marc Bar, Monnaies grecques et assimilées trouvées en Belgique. Travaux du cercle d’études numismatiques, Band 11, Brüssel 1991. 303 Seiten, 11 Tafeln
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 193.1993(1994):: Bonner Jahrbücher
Anti-selfdual Connections On The Quantum Projective Plane: Instantons
Creators: name: D'Andrea, Francesco
name: Landi, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Primary: 58B34, Secondary: 20G42

description: We study one-instantons, that is anti-selfdual connections with instanton number 1, on the quantum projective plane with orientation which is reversed with respect to the usual one. The orientation is fixed by a suitable choice of a basis element for the rank 1 free bimodule of top forms. The noncommutative family of solutions is foliated, each non-singular leaves being isomorphic to the quantum projective plane itself.
description: 35 pages, no figures; v2: minor changes
[Inhalt]
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2018

description: -
description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 50, Nr. 3 (2009): Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Additional file 1 of Lessons learned to improve COVID-19 response in communities with greatest socio-economic vulnerabilities
Creators: name: Sheikhattari, Payam
name: Barsha, Rifath Ara Alam
name: Shaffer, Emma
name: Bhuyan, Istiak
name: Elliott, Bethtrice
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Supplementary Fig. 1. GIS Mapping of study sites in Baltimore City based on COVID-19 Community Vulnerability (CCVI) index. Sites are categorized by indicators (A) poverty rate, (B) unemployment rate percentile, (C) no high school diploma percentile, (D) non-White percentile, (E) lung cancer mortality rate, (F) heart disease mortality rate, G) sociodemographic vulnerability, and health vulnerability.
Tunable Modulational Instability Sidebands via Parametric Resonance in Periodically Tapered Optical Fibers
Creators: name: Armaroli, Andrea
name: Biancalana, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the modulation instability induced by periodic variations of group velocity dispersion and nonlinearity in optical fibers, which may be interpreted as an analogue of the well-known parametric resonance in mechanics. We derive accurate analytical estimates of resonant detuning, maximum gain and instability margins, significantly improving on previous literature on the subject. We also design a periodically tapered photonic crystal fiber, in order to achieve narrow instability sidebands at a detuning of 35 THz, above the Raman maximum gain peak of fused silica. The wide tunability of the resonant peaks by variations of the tapering period and depth will allow to implement sources of correlated photon pairs which are far-detuned from the input pump wavelength, with important applications in quantum optics.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Tabulated Equations of State From Models Informed by Chiral Effective Field Theory
Creators: name: Alford, Mark G.
name: Brodie, Liam
name: Haber, Alexander
name: Tews, Ingo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct four equation of state (EoS) tables, tabulated over a range of temperatures, densities, and charge fractions, relevant for neutron star applications such as simulations of neutron star mergers. The EoS are computed from a relativistic mean-field theory constrained by the pure neutron matter EoS from chiral effective field theory, inferred properties of isospin-symmetric nuclear matter, and astrophysical observations of neutron star structure. To model nuclear matter at low densities, we attach an EoS that models inhomogeneous nuclear matter at arbitrary temperatures and charge fractions. The four EoS tables we develop are available from the CompOSE EoS repository compose.obspm.fr/eos/297 and gitlab.com/ahaber/qmc-rmf-tables.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures v2: version published in Phys. Scr. 98, added finite T chiral EFT comparison
Perbandingan Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematik Siswa dengan Menggunakan Puzzle antara Siswa Yang Memiliki Gaya Belajar Visual dan Kinestetik di SMA Negeri 3 Langsa
Creators: name: Zulkarnaini, Sarah
name: Suzana, Yenni
name: Irwansyah, Budi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Teacher education and professional development of educators
Other education not elsewhere classified
Higher education

description: Penelitian ini bertujuan membandngkan kemampuan pemahaman matematik siswa di SMA N 3 Langsa setelah menggunakan Puzzle ditinjau dari gaya belajar visual dan kinestetik
Perspectives on Large Language Models for Relevance Judgment
Creators: name: Faggioli, Guglielmo
name: Dietz, Laura
name: Clarke, Charles
name: Demartini, Gianluca
name: Hagen, Matthias
name: Hauff, Claudia
name: Kando, Noriko
name: Kanoulas, Evangelos
name: Potthast, Martin
name: Stein, Benno
name: Wachsmuth, Henning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.3.3

description: When asked, large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT claim that they can assist with relevance judgments but it is not clear whether automated judgments can reliably be used in evaluations of retrieval systems. In this perspectives paper, we discuss possible ways for LLMs to support relevance judgments along with concerns and issues that arise. We devise a human--machine collaboration spectrum that allows to categorize different relevance judgment strategies, based on how much humans rely on machines. For the extreme point of "fully automated judgments", we further include a pilot experiment on whether LLM-based relevance judgments correlate with judgments from trained human assessors. We conclude the paper by providing opposing perspectives for and against the use of~LLMs for automatic relevance judgments, and a compromise perspective, informed by our analyses of the literature, our preliminary experimental evidence, and our experience as IR researchers.
Generalized McKay quivers of rank three
Creators: name: Hu, Xiaoli
name: Jing, Naihuan
name: Cai, Wuxing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 20H99 (Primary) 14E16, 22E40 (Secondary)

description: For each finite subgroup G of SL(n, C), we introduce the generalized Cartan matrix C_{G} in view of McKay correspondence from the fusion rule of its natural representation. Using group theory, we show that the generalized Cartan matrices have similar favorable properties such as positive semi-definiteness as in the classical case of affine Cartan matrices (the case of SL(2,C)). The complete McKay quivers for SL(3,C) are explicitly described and classified based on representation theory.
Random geometry at an infinite-randomness fixed point
Creators: name: Pandey, Akshat
name: Mahadevan, Aditya
name: Cowsik, Aditya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the low-energy physics of the critical (2+1)-dimensional random transverse-field Ising model. The one-dimensional version of the model is a paradigmatic example of a system governed by an infinite-randomness fixed point, for which many results on the distributions of observables are known via an asymptotically exact renormalization group (RG) approach. In two dimensions, the same RG rules have been implemented numerically, and demonstrate a flow to infinite randomness. However, analytical understanding of the structure of this RG has remained elusive due to the development of geometrical structure in the graph of interacting spins. To understand the character of the fixed point, we consider the RG flow acting on a joint ensemble of graphs and couplings. We propose that the RG effectively occurs in two stages: (1) randomization of the interaction graph until it belongs to a certain ensemble of random triangulations of the plane, and (2) a flow of the distributions of couplings to infinite randomness while the graph ensemble remains invariant. This picture is substantiated by a numerical RG in which one obtains a steady-state graph degree distribution and subsequently infinite-randomness scaling distributions of the couplings. Both of these aspects of the RG flow can be approximately reproduced in simplified analytical models.
description: 28 pages, 13 figures
Talpinae Fischer von Waldheim 1817
Creators: name: Hutterer, Rainer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Insectivora
Talpidae

description: Subfamily Talpinae Fischer von Waldheim, 1817. Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat., Moscow, 5:372. SYNONYMS: Condylurinae, Scalopinae, Urotrichinae. COMMENTS: Includes Condylurini, Scalopini, Scaptonychini, Urotrichini and Talpini as tribes; see Hutchison (1968) and Storch and Qiu (1983). Some of these are sometimes regarded as subfamilies; see comments under family. Generic and specific limits are highly controversial, particularly in the Talpa group. No data-based consensus has yet been reached on the taxonomy of many Palearctic and East Asiatic moles.
description: Published as part of Rainer Hutterer, 1993, Order Insectivora, pp. 69-130 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 124, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353085
description: {"references": ["Hutchison, J. H. 1968. Fossil Talpidae (Insectivora, Mammalia) from the Later Tertiary of Oregon. Bulletin of the Museum of Natural History Oregon, 11: 1 - 117.", "Storch, G., and Z. Qiu. 1983. The Neogene mammalian faunas of Ertemte and Harr Obo in Inner Mongolia (Nei Mongol), China. 2. Moles- - Insectivora: Talpidae. Senckenbergiana Lethaea, 64: 89 - 127."]}
Point estimates in phylogenetic reconstructions
Creators: name: Benner, Philipp
name: Bacak, Miroslav
name: Bourguignon, Pierre-Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Motivation: The construction of statistics for summarizing posterior samples returned by a Bayesian phylogenetic study has so far been hindered by the poor geometric insights available into the space of phylogenetic trees, and ad hoc methods such as the derivation of a consensus tree makeup for the ill-definition of the usual concepts of posterior mean, while bootstrap methods mitigate the absence of a sound concept of variance. Yielding satisfactory results with sufficiently concentrated posterior distributions, such methods fall short of providing a faithful summary of posterior distributions if the data do not offer compelling evidence for a single topology. Results: Building upon previous work of Billera et al., summary statistics such as sample mean, median and variance are defined as the geometric median, Fréchet mean and variance, respectively. Their computation is enabled by recently published works, and embeds an algorithm for computing shortest paths in the space of trees. Studying the phylogeny of a set of plants, where several tree topologies occur in the posterior sample, the posterior mean balances correctly the contributions from the different topologies, where a consensus tree would be biased. Comparisons of the posterior mean, median and consensus trees with the ground truth using simulated data also reveals the benefits of a sound averaging method when reconstructing phylogenetic trees.
description: The original paper "Computing the posterior expectation of phylogenetic trees" was substantially rewritten, renamed to "Point estimates in phylogenetic reconstructions" and published in Bioinformatics
First-Matsubara-frequency rule in a Fermi liquid. Part II: Optical conductivity and comparison to experiment
Creators: name: Maslov, Dmitrii L.
name: Chubukov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent optical measurements on a number of strongly correlated electron systems, we revisit the dependence of the conductivity of a Fermi liquid, σ(Ω,T), on the frequency Ωand temperature T. Using the Kubo formalism and taking full account of vertex corrections, we show that the Fermi liquid form Reσ^{-1}(Ω,T)\propto Ω^2+4π^2T^2 holds under very general conditions, namely in any dimensionality above one, for a Fermi surface of an arbitrary shape (but away from nesting and van Hove singularities), and to any order in the electron-electron interaction. We also show that the scaling form of Reσ^{-1}(Ω,T) is determined by the analytic properties of the conductivity along the Matsubara axis. If a system contains not only itinerant electrons but also localized degrees of freedom which scatter electrons elastically, e.g., magnetic moments or resonant levels, the scaling form changes to Reσ^{-1}(Ω,T)\propto Ω^2+bπ^2T^2, with 1\leq b
description: 18 pages, 10 figures
Verzeichnis der Mitarbeiter des vorliegenden Bandes
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2018

description: -
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 49 (1980): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Calculation of Access Charge for High Speed Rail XpressWest of Nevada
Creators: name: Sapkota, Sameeksha
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2018

description: XpressWest is a High Speed Rail (HSR) system that plans to connect Las Vegas with California at Palmdale. It will utilize the railway network of the California High Speed Rail (CAHSR) to connect Las Vegas with California destinations that include Los Angeles and San Francisco. For sharing the railway network of CAHSR, XpressWest will pay certain charge known as an access charge. The access charge is the fee paid by the train operator to the infrastructure owner for the addition of trains in a track. There are several access charge systems in the world. However, there is no study that calculates access charge for sharing the HSR passenger trains for private railroad system. This study develops a new framework to calculate a reasonable value of access charges for shared HSR systems. The study describes how to calculate access charge in terms of maintenance costs, congestion costs, and costs of installing side tracks mathematically. The study develops a theoretical capacity allocation model to calculate congestion costs. Based on the operation plans of both train systems, delay in operations are determined. The research used 18 different proposed train operating scenarios to calculate the value of the access charges. Based on the scenarios, the access charges range from $3.8 million to $62 million per year, with a fixed one-time cost of $56 million to $84 million in the beginning. Authorities are planning many HSR corridors around the US. The framework used in this research can also be adopted to other shared use track operation systems by changing the variable values.
A short note on coproducts of abelian pro-Lie groups
Creators: name: Herfort, Wolfgang
name: Hofmann, Karl H.
name: Russo, Francesco G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E20, 22A05

description: The notion of conditional coproduct of a family of abelian pro-Lie groups in the category of abelian pro-Lie groups is introduced. It is shown that the cartesian product of an arbitrary family of abelian pro-Lie groups can be characterized by the universal property of the conditional coproduct.
description: 6 pages
Optically induced symmetry breaking due to nonequilibrium steady state formation in charge density wave material 1T-TiSe2
Creators: name: Jog, Harshvardhan
name: Harnagea, Luminita
name: Rout, Dibyata
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Mele, Eugene J.
name: Agarwal, Ritesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strongly correlated charge density wave (CDW) phase of 1T-TiSe$_2$ is being extensively researched to verify the claims of a unique chiral order due to the presence of three equivalent Fermi wavevectors involved in the CDW formation. Characterization of the symmetries is therefore critical to understand the origin of their intriguing properties but can be complicated by the coupling of the electronic and lattice degrees of freedom. Here we use continuous wave laser excitation to probe the symmetries of TiSe$_2$ using the circular photogalvanic effect with very high sensitivity. We observe that the ground state of the CDW phase is achiral. However, laser excitation above a threshold intensity transforms TiSe$_2$ into a chiral phase in a nonequilibrium steady state, which changes the electronic correlations in the stacking direction of the layered material. The inherent sensitivity of the photogalvanic technique provides clear evidence of the different optically driven phases of 1T-TiSe$_2$, as well as emphasizes the interplay of electronic and lattice degrees of freedom in this system under optical excitation. Our work demonstrates that optically induced phase change can occur at extremely low optical intensities in strongly correlated materials, providing a pathway for future studies to engineer new phases using light.
Untersuchung eines Grabhügels in der Gemarkung Leschede, Gemeinde Emsbüren, Ldkr. Emsland
Creators: name: Linke, Friedrich-Albert
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2018

description: -
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 49 (1980): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
title: Incomes and inequality in the long run
title: the case of German elderly
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Bönke, Timm
name: Schröder, Carsten
name: Schulte, Katharina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Pensioner
subject: Inequality
subject: Inequality Decomposition
subject: German Sample Survey
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::332 Finanzwirtschaft

description: We employ German Sample Survey Income data to examine income inequality and the financial situation of elderly citizens for the period from 1978 to 2003, focussing on differences between retired and non-retired elderly and between elderly with residence in the Old and the New German Laender. Inter-temporal changes in income inequality are also decomposed by income sources. To our knowledge, this is the first study that provides comparable and detailed longitudinal income statistics for the German elderly. We find some remarkable inter-temporal patterns. First, the financial situation of the elderly has improved substantially over time. This is true especially for the New Laender, although elderly with residence in the Old Laender remain financially privileged. Within the same age cohort, we also find that non-retired, on average, are financially better-off compared to retired elderly. For reunified Germany, inequality is astonishingly stable over time, but rises significantly since 1993 in the New German Laender.
Eine Tüllengeweihaxt aus Koldingen, Stadt Pattensen, Ldkr. Hannover
Creators: name: Grote, Klaus
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2018

description: -
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 50 (1981): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
title: Funktionsbedingungen des Katastrophenschutzes in Deutschland
title: Qualitativer Forschungsbericht zur Katastrophenkultur beim Hochwasser 2013
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Bledau, Lena
name: Voss, Martin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Katastrophenkultur
subject: Katastrophenschutz
subject: Hochwasser 2013
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften

description: Der Forschungsbericht „Funktionsbedingungen des Katastrophenschutzes in Deutschland – Qualitati- ver Forschungsbericht zur Katastrophenkultur beim Hochwasser 2013“ fasst die Ergebnisse der 28 Experteninterviews zur Katastrophenkultur zum Hochwasser 2013 zusammen. In der Studie wurden Experten verschiedener am Katastrophenschutz beteiligter Organisationen und Institutionen sowie unterschiedlicher Positionen befragt. Es wurden alle Verwaltungsebenen (Bund, Land, Kreis, Gemeinde) des Katastrophenschutzes berücksichtigt. Grundlage der Studie ist ein theoriegeleitetes Rahmenkonzept „Katastrophenkultur“. Das Rahmenkonzept setzt bei den Gesellschaftlichen Praxen an und zeigt auf, wie unterschiedliche Faktoren und kulturelle Grundlagen Katastrophen formen und wie der heterogene Bevölkerungsschutz mit Katastrophen umgeht. Das Rahmenkonzept dient dazu ein vertieftes Verständnis des Wahrnehmungs-und Entstehungskontextes von Katastrophen zu erlangen. Anhand verschiedener thematischer Bereiche wurden die gesellschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen untersucht und die Katastrophenkultur in Deutschland analysiert.
Analysis and Design of Analog Front-end Circuitry for Avalanche Photodiodes (APD) and Silicon Photo-multipliers (SiPM) in Time-of-flight Applications
Creators: name: Vinayaka, Vikas
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2018

description: This thesis reports the analysis and design of analog front-end circuitry for reading out signals from avalanche photodiodes (APD) or silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) in time-of-flight (ToF) applications. An integrated circuit was designed using AMS SiGe 0.35 um BiCMOS process. The chip measured 2 mm x 2 mm (2000 umx2000 um). The chip mainly contains the following circuits: an APD with photoactive area measuring 24 umx24 um, an SiPM with 8x8 APDs with 236 k ohm quench resistors, a transimpedance amplifier (TIA), a comparator and a R-2R digital to analog converter (DAC). The TIA is based on the shunt-shunt feedback topology. The TIA gain can be digitally set using two input bits to range from -0.9 k ohm to -14.44 k ohm with a bandwidth ranging from 93 MHz to 113 MHz. Photodetector capacitance on TIA input reduces the bandwidth. The maximum positive input current dynamic range of the TIA is 294 uA. The TIA consumes a power of 7.1 mW. The comparator has a maximum speed of 265 MHz with input sensitivity down to 50 uV and consumes about 6.6 mW of power. The R-2R DAC has a 10-bit resolution with maximum differential nonlinearity (DNL) and integral nonlinearity (INL) of -0.14 LSB and -0.09 LSB respectively with no load. Design considerations for all the blocks are given and simulation results are compared to hand calculations. The TIA, comparator and DAC are connected as a system and the simulation is functional. Using this system to implement a time-of-flight LiDAR (light detection and ranging), a range resolution down to 1.2 m (3.9 ft) can be achieved with photodetector capacitance of 0.1 pF.
title: The Lucas paradox and the quality of institutions
title: then and now
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Schularick, Moritz
name: Steger, Thomas M.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: capital market integration
subject: financial globalization
subject: economic history
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::332 Finanzwirtschaft

description: In the first era of financial globalization (1880-1914), global capital market integration led to substantial net capital movements from rich to poor economies. The historical experience stands in contrast to the contemporary globalization where gross capital mobility is equally high, but did not incite a substantial transfer of savings from rich to poor economies. Using data for the historical and modern periods we extend Lucas’ (1990) original model and show that differences in institutional quality between rich and poor countries can account for the sharply divergent patterns of international capital movements.
Face Affect Perception in Schizophrenia and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Creators: name: Beckman, Lisa
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2019

description: Schizophrenia (SZ) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are often comorbid psychological disorders. Separately, research has previously demonstrated deficits in social cognition, including affect recognition impairment in both disorders; however, less is reliably known about the specific deficits unique to a comorbid diagnosis of SZ and PTSD. This study examined the ability to correctly identify facial expressions in individuals diagnosed with SZ (n = 38) and PTSD alone (n = 20), comorbid SZ and PTSD (n = 26), and healthy controls (n = 28). Participants were administered a test battery to establish diagnoses of of schizophrenia and PTSD, and to evaluate positive and negative symptoms of psychosis, general psychopathology, and PTSD symptoms. Participants then completed a facial affect identification paradigm which included Inverted Faces, Affect Matching, and Affect Labeling tasks.
Differences between groups on the facial affect tasks were examined using a mixed model ANOVA. Results indicated the schizophrenia and schizophrenia with PTSD groups were less able to accurately identify facial affect when compared to the PTSD and control groups. The schizophrenia groups did not differ from each other suggesting that when PTSD is present in schizophrenia it does not further impair emotional processing in individuals with schizophrenia. Additionally, no significant differences were present between the control and PTSD groups on individual emotions, and in the case of the emotion fear, individuals with PTSD performed slightly better than controls. In conclusion, when PTSD occurs comorbidly with schizophrenia it does not appear to significantly increase deficits in facial affect perception.
Cesium Platinum Iodide Perovskite Synthesis, Development and Application in Photovoltaic Devices
Creators: name: Schwartz, Dakota
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2019

description: Third generation photovoltaics, including perovskites, are essential to improving solar technology for widespread future use. Perovskite solar cells have surpassed 23.7% power conversion efficiency, comparable to traditional silicon photovoltaic panels. However, these perovskites are fabricated using lead-based compounds, posing toxicity issues. Furthermore, existing perovskites have limited thermal and moisture stability in ambient environments. In order to address toxicity and stability concerns, as well as to maximize photon absorption in solar cells through bandgap optimization, this effort focuses on the development of novel leadfree perovskite materials. A cesium platinum iodide composition is selected as a model system due to the theoretical stability and oxidation resistance of platinum. CsPtI3 is expected to be metallic, however, 2D perovskite variant Cs2PtI6 offers promising properties of high absorption coefficient, with high carrier mobility and minority carrier lifetimes. Future work for this research includes demonstration of bandgap tunability with halide/chalcogen substitution for X anion, optimization of perovskite and charge transport layers, and exploration of Pt replacement with less expensive d-transition elements.
A solution-based process is used to fabricate thin-film samples with variables including solutes, solvents, and solution deposition techniques. Two types of cesium platinum iodide perovskite material have been synthesized with the platinum containing solute as primary process variant. Films prepared from platinum tetra-iodide and cesium iodide are majority Cs2PtI6 phase with a bandgap of around 1.4 eV and minority carrier lifetime ~ 2.7 microseconds. Films composed from platinum di-iodide and cesium iodide consistently have a bandgap of around 1.8-2.0 eV and minority carrier lifetime ~ 62 ns. Both material types also show high absorption coefficient. Devices fabricated from both material variations show definite diode behavior but no conclusive photo response and need further research. Detail on material synthesis, material characterization, film properties, device functionality, challenges, and commentary of the cost and future study of Cs2PtI6 and perovskite derived from the Cs2PtI6 model structure is provided.
Zwei herausragende spitznackige Felsovalbeile aus dem südlichen Niedersachsen
Creators: name: Grote, Klaus
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2018

description: -
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 50 (1981): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Bericht über die Ausgrabungstätigkeit der Archäologischen Denkmalpflege in Niedersachsen im Jahre 1981
Creators: name: Klappauf, Lothar
name: Linke, Friedrich-Albert
name: Thieme, Hartmut
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2018

description: -
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 50 (1981): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Modified equations in the theory of induced gravity. Solution to the cosmological constant problem
Creators: name: Zaripov, Farkhat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This research is an extension of the author's article \cite{zar}, in which conformally invariant generalization of string theory was suggested to higher-dimensional objects. Special cases of the proposed theory are Einstein's theory of gravity and string theory. This work is devoted to the formation of self-consistent equations of the theory of induced gravity \cite{zar}, \cite{zari} in the presence of matter in the form of a perfect fluid that interacts with scalar fields. The study is done to solve these equations for the case of the cosmological model. In this model time-evolving gravitational and cosmological "constants" take place which are determined by the square of scalar fields. The values of which can be matched with the observational data. The equations that describe the theory have solutions that can both match with the solutions of the standard theory of gravity as well as it can differ from it. This is due to the fact that the fundamental "constants" of the theory, such as gravitational and cosmological, can evolve over time and also depend of the coordinates. Thus, in a rather general case the theory describes the two systems (stages): Einstein and "evolving" or "restructuring" (the name suggested by the author). This process is similar to the phenomenon of phase transition, where the different phases (Einstein gravity system, but with different constants) transit into each other.
description: 21 pages, 13 Postscript figures
Condylura Illiger 1811
Creators: name: Hutterer, Rainer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Insectivora
Talpidae
Condylura

description: Condylura Illiger, 1811. Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium, p. 125. TYPE SPECIES: Sorex cristatus Linnaeus, 1758. COMMENTS: Tribe Condylurini. Reviewed by Peterson and Yates (1980). Recorded from the Pliocene of Europe; see Skoczen (1976).
description: Published as part of Rainer Hutterer, 1993, Order Insectivora, pp. 69-130 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 124, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353085
description: {"references": ["Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp.", "Peterson, K. E., and T. I. Yates. 1980. Condylura cristata. Mammalian Species, 129: 1 - 4.", "Skoczen, S. 1976. Condylurini, Dobson, 1883 (Insectivora, Mammalia) in the Pliocene of Poland. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 21: 291 - 313."]}
Ein Fels-Ovalbeil von Hoyerhagen, Ldkr. Nienburg (Weser)
Creators: name: Oldenburg, Heinz
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2018

description: -
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 53 (1984): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Offa. Berichte und Mitteilungen zur Urgeschichte, Frühgeschichte und Mittelalterarchäologie
Creators: name: Heine, Hans-Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2018

description: Rezension zu: Offa. Berichte und Mitteilungen zur Urgeschichte, Frühgeschichte und Mittelalterarchäologie, Band 39. Herausgegeben vom Schleswig-Holsteinischen Landesmuseum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte mit dem Landesamt für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, Schleswig, und dem Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte der Universität Kiel durch Michael Müller-Wille und Karl Wilhelm Struve. Karl Wachholtz Verlag Neumünster 1982. 364 S. mit zahlreichen Abbildungen
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 53 (1984): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Lie Superalgebras arising from bosonic representation
Creators: name: Jing, Naihuan
name: Xu, Chongbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 17B60, 17B67, 17B69 (Primary) 17A45, 81R10 (Secondary)

description: A 2-toroidal Lie superalgebra is constructed using bosonic fields and a ghost field. The superalgebra contains $osp(1|2n)^{(1)}$ as a distinguished subalgebra and behaves similarly to the toroidal Lie superalgebra of type $B(0, n)$. Furthermore this algebra is a central extension of the algebra $osp(1|2n)\otimes \mathbb C[s, s^{-1}, t,t^{-1}]$.
E. Cosack, Das sächsische Gräberfeld bei Liebenau, Kr. Nienburg (Weser), Teil 1 / H.-J. Hässler, Das sächsische Gräberfeld bei Liebenau, Kr. Nienburg (Weser), Teil 2
Creators: name: Schön, Matthias D.
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2018

description: Rezension zu: E. Cosack, Das sächsische Gräberfeld bei Liebenau, Kr. Nienburg (Weser), Teil 1. — Germanische Denkmäler für Völkerwanderungszeit, Serie A, Bd. 15. Gebr. Mann Verlag, Berlin 1982. 60 S., 2 Abb., 3 Tabellen, 57 Tafeln, 1 Übersichtsplan

Rezension zu: H.-J. Hässler, Das sächsische Gräberfeld bei Liebenau, Kr. Nienburg (Weser), Teil 2. Beiträge zur Frühgeschichte Nordwestdeutschlands. — Studien zur Sachsenforschung 5, 1. Verlag August Lax, Hildesheim 1983. VI u. 140 S., 23 Abb., 4 Tabellen, 110 Tafeln, 1 Faltplan
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 53 (1984): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Delegation and incentives
Creators: name: Bester, Helmut
name: Krähmer, Daniel
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: authority
subject: delegation
subject: incentives
subject: moral hazard
subject: principal-agent problem
subject: limited liability
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::332 Finanzwirtschaft

description: This paper analyses the relation between authority and incentives. It extends the standard principal-agent model by a project selection stage in which the prin- cipal can either delegate the choice of project to the agent or keep the authority. The agent's subsequent choice of effort depends both on monetary incentives and the selected project. We find that the consideration of effort incentives makes the principal less likely to delegate the authority over projects to the agent. In fact, if the agent is protected by limited liability, delegation is never optimal.
title: The good governance indicators of the millennium challenge account
title: how many dimensions are really being measured
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Knoll, Martin
name: Zloczysti, Petra
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::337 Weltwirtschaft

description: This paper assesses the validity of the perception-based governance indicators used by the US Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) for aid allocation decisions. By conducting Explanatory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of data from 1996 to 2009, we find that although the MCA purports to measure seven distinct dimensions of governance, only two discrete underlying dimensions, the ‘participatory dimension of governance’ and the ‘overall quality of governance,’ can be identified. Our results also show that some of the doubts that have been raised concerning the validity of perception-based governance indicators are less warranted when the indicators are applied exclusively to developing countries.