cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A dissipative random velocity field for fully developed fluid turbulence
Creators: name: Pereira, Rodrigo M.
name: Garban, Christophe
name: Chevillard, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the statistical properties, based on numerical simulations and analytical calculations, of a recently proposed stochastic model for the velocity field of an incompressible, homogeneous, isotropic and fully developed turbulent flow. A key step in the construction of this model is the introduction of some aspects of the vorticity stretching mechanism that governs the dynamics of fluid particles along their trajectory. An additional further phenomenological step aimed at including the long range correlated nature of turbulence makes this model depending on a single free parameter $γ$ that can be estimated from experimental measurements. We confirm the realism of the model regarding the geometry of the velocity gradient tensor, the power-law behaviour of the moments of velocity increments (i.e. the structure functions), including the intermittent corrections, and the existence of energy transfers across scales. We quantify the dependence of these basic properties of turbulent flows on the free parameter $γ$ and derive analytically the spectrum of exponents of the structure functions in a simplified non dissipative case. A perturbative expansion in power of $γ$ shows that energy transfers, at leading order, indeed take place, justifying the dissipative nature of this random field.
description: 38 pages, 5 figures
Trust in government institutions: The effects of performance and participation in the Dominican Republic and Haiti
Creators: name: Niedzwiecki, Sara
name: Hartlyn, Jonathan
name: Morgan, Jana
name: Espinal, Rosario
name: Stoyan, Alissandra T
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: This article analyzes theories of institutional trust in Haiti and the Dominican Republic, two developing countries that have shared some historical legacies but currently manifest divergent economic and political trajectories. The evidence confirms that conventional theories emphasizing participation and government performance help us understand institutional trust in both countries. In addition, the analysis emphasizes the analytical leverage gained by exploring the extent to which different facets of engagement have divergent effects on institutional trust. The findings build upon previous research to underscore the importance of considering how context shapes the precise ways in which performance and engagement influence institutional trust, particularly when analyzing the developing world.
Oscillating red giants observed during Campaign 1 of the Kepler K2 mission: New prospects for galactic archaeology
Creators: name: Stello, D.
name: Huber, D.
name: Sharma, S.
name: Johnson, J.
name: Lund, M. N.
name: Handberg, R.
name: Buzasi, D. L.
name: Aguirre, V. Silva
name: Chaplin, W. J.
name: Miglio, A.
name: Pinsonneault, M.
name: Basu, S.
name: Bedding, T. R.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: Casagrande, L.
name: Davies, G.
name: Elsworth, Y.
name: Garcia, R. A.
name: Mathur, S.
name: Di Mauro, M. Pia
name: Mosser, B.
name: Schneider, D. P.
name: Serenelli, A.
name: Valentini, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NASA's re-purposed Kepler mission -- dubbed K2 -- has brought new scientific opportunities that were not anticipated for the original Kepler mission. One science goal that makes optimal use of K2's capabilities, in particular its 360-degree ecliptic field of view, is galactic archaeology -- the study of the evolution of the Galaxy from the fossil stellar record. The thrust of this research is to exploit high-precision, time-resolved photometry from K2 in order to detect oscillations in red giant stars. This asteroseismic information can provide estimates of stellar radius (hence distance), mass and age of vast numbers of stars across the Galaxy. Here we present the initial analysis of a subset of red giants, observed towards the North Galactic Gap, during the mission's first full science campaign. We investigate the feasibility of using K2 data for detecting oscillations in red giants that span a range in apparent magnitude and evolutionary state (hence intrinsic luminosity). We demonstrate that oscillations are detectable for essentially all cool giants within the $\log g$ range $\sim 1.9-3.2$. Our detection is complete down to $\mathit{Kp}\sim 14.5$, which results in a seismic sample with little or no detection bias. This sample is ideally suited to stellar population studies that seek to investigate potential shortcomings of contemporary Galaxy models.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted to ApJL
Building Blocks of Functioning Brain: Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Neuronal Development
Creators: name: Menon, Shalini
name: Gupton, Stephanie L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Neural connectivity requires proper polarization of neurons, guidance to appropriate target locations, and establishment of synaptic connections. From when neurons are born to when they finally reach their synaptic partners, neurons undergo constant rearrangment of the cytoskeleton to achieve appropriate shape and polarity. Of particular importance to neuronal guidance to target locations is the growth cone at the tip of the axon. Growth-cone steering is also dictated by the underlying cytoskeleton. All these changes require spatiotemporal control of the cytoskeletal machinery. This review summarizes the proteins that are involved in modulating the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton during the various stages of neuronal development.
CME propagation: Where does solar wind drag take over?
Creators: name: Sachdeva, Nishtha
name: Subramanian, Prasad
name: Colaninno, Robin
name: Vourlidas, Angelos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Sun-Earth dynamics of a set of eight well observed solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) using data from the STEREO spacecraft. We seek to quantify the extent to which momentum coupling between these CMEs and the ambient solar wind (i.e., the aerodynamic drag) influences their dynamics. To this end, we use results from a 3D flux rope model fit to the CME data. We find that solar wind aerodynamic drag adequately accounts for the dynamics of the fastest CME in our sample. For the relatively slower CMEs, we find that drag-based models initiated below heliocentric distances ranging from 15 to 50 $R_{\odot}$ cannot account for the observed CME trajectories. This is at variance with the general perception that the dynamics of slow CMEs are influenced primarily by solar wind drag from a few $R_{\odot}$ onwards. Several slow CMEs propagate at roughly constant speeds above 15--50 $R_{\odot}$. Drag-based models initiated above these heights therefore require negligible aerodynamic drag to explain their observed trajectories.
description: Accepted, ApJ. Current version matches published version
Membrane Trafficking in Neuronal Development: Ins and Outs of Neural Connectivity
Creators: name: Gupton, Stephanie L.
name: Winkle, Cortney Chelise
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: During development, neurons progress through rapid yet stereotypical shape changes to achieve proper neuronal connectivity. This morphological progression requires carefully orchestrated plasma membrane expansion, insertion of membrane components including receptors for extracellular cues into the plasma membrane and removal and trafficking of membrane materials and proteins to specific locations. This review outlines the cellular machinery of membrane trafficking that play an integral role in neuronal cell shape change and function from initial neurite formation to pathway navigation and synaptogenesis.
Supertwistor description of the $AdS$ pure spinor string
Creators: name: Ramirez, Israel
name: Vallilo, Brenno Carlini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the pure spinor string in the $AdS_5\times S^5$ using unconstrained matrices first used by Roiban and Siegel for the Green-Schwarz superstring.
description: 20 pages
Prevalence of pelvic floor disorders in women with suspected gynecological malignancy: a survey-based study
Creators: name: Geller, Elizabeth J.
name: Wu, Jennifer M.
name: Gehrig, Paola A.
name: Doll, Kemi M.
name: Bensen, Jeannette T.
name: Bretschneider, C. Emi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Understanding of pelvic floor disorders among women with gynecological cancer is limited. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of pelvic floor disorders in women with suspected gynecological malignancy before surgery.
Outwards migration for planets in stellar irradiated 3D discs
Creators: name: Lega, E.
name: Morbidelli, A.
name: Bitsch, B.
name: Crida, A.
name: Szulagyi, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the very first time we present 3D simulations of planets embedded in stellar irradiated discs. It is well known that thermal effects could reverse the direction of planetary migration from inwards to outwards, potentially saving planets in the inner, optically thick parts of the protoplanetary disc. When considering stellar irradiation in addition to viscous friction as a source of heating, the outer disc changes from a shadowed to a flared structure. Using a suited analytical formula it has been shown that in the flared part of the disc the migration is inwards; planets can migrate outwards only in shadowed regions of the disc, { because the radial gradient of entropy is stronger there}. In order to confirm this result numerically, we have computed the total torque acting on planets held on fixed orbits embedded in stellar irradiated 3D discs using the hydrodynamical code FARGOCA. We find qualitatively good agreement between the total torque obtained with numerical simulations and the one predicted by the analytical formula. For large masses (>20 Earth masses) we find quantitative agreement, and we obtain outwards migration regions for planets up to 60 Earth masses in the early stages of accretional discs. We find nevertheless that the agreement with the analytic formula is quite fortuitous because the formula underestimates the size of the horseshoe region; this error is compensated by imperfect estimates of other terms, most likely the cooling rate and saturation.
description: 14 pages , 10 figures
Renyi information from entropic effects in one higher dimension
Creators: name: Maghrebi, Mohammad F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Computing entanglement entropy and its cousins is often challenging even in the simplest continuum and lattice models, partly because such entropies depend nontrivially on all geometric characteristics of the entangling region. Quantum information measures between two or more regions are even more complicated, but contain more, and universal, information. In this paper, we focus on Rényi entropy and information of the order $n=2$. For a free field theory, we show that these quantities are mapped to the change of the thermodynamic free energy by introducing boundaries subject to Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions in one higher dimension. This mapping allows us to exploit the powerful tools available in the context of thermal Casimir effect, specifically a multipole expansion suited for computing the Rényi information between arbitrarily-shaped regions. In particular, we compute the Rényi information between two disk-shaped regions at an arbitrary separation distance. We provide an alternative representation of the Rényi information as a sum over closed-loop polymers, which establishes a connection to purely entropic effects, and proves useful in deriving information inequalities. Finally, we discuss extensions of our results beyond free field theories.
description: 30 pages, 12 figures. A number of new results on mutual information between regions of various shapes at arbitrary separations added
Development of a core set of outcome measures for OAB treatment
Creators: name: Cardozo, Linda
name: Heesakkers, John
name: Cotterill, Nikki
name: Wissig, Stephanie
name: Herbison, Peter
name: Olson, Elizabeth
name: McKinney, Jessica
name: Moore, Kate
name: Anderson, Anita
name: Foust-Wright, Caroline
name: Stowell, Caleb
name: Milsom, Ian
name: Anger, Jennifer
name: Morse, Abraham
name: Pulliam, Samantha
name: Szonyi, George
name: Toozs-Hobson, Philip
name: Wagg, Adrian
name: Gormley, Elizabeth Ann
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Standardized measures enable the comparison of outcomes across providers and treatments giving valuable information for improving care quality and efficacy. The aim of this project was to define a minimum standard set of outcome measures and case-mix factors for evaluating the care of patients with overactive bladder (OAB).

METHODS: The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) convened an international working group (WG) of leading clinicians and patients to engage in a structured method for developing a core outcome set. Consensus was determined by a modified Delphi process, and discussions were supported by both literature review and patient input.

RESULTS: The standard set measures outcomes of care for adults seeking treatment for OAB, excluding residents of long-term care facilities. The WG focused on treatment outcomes identified as most important key outcome domains to patients: symptom burden and bother, physical functioning, emotional health, impact of symptoms and treatment on quality of life, and success of treatment. Demographic information and case-mix factors that may affect these outcomes were also included.

CONCLUSIONS: The standardized outcome set for evaluating clinical care is appropriate for use by all health providers caring for patients with OAB, regardless of specialty or geographic location, and provides key data for quality improvement activities and research.
On the stability of a generalized additive functional equation
Creators: name: Sadr, Maysam Maysami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider Hyers-Ulam stability of a functional equation for continuous functions on a space on which a topological group acts, analogous to the additive functional equation on a group. We show, among other things, that our generalized additive equation, for continuous functions on a homogenous space of a strongly amenable topological group, is stable provided that the canonical projection from that group to its homogenous space is a fiber bundle.
Tuning of shortening speed in coleoid cephalopod muscle: no evidence for tissue-specific muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms
Creators: name: Kier, William M.
name: Shaffer, Justin F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The contractile protein myosin II is ubiquitous in muscle. It is widely accepted that animals express tissue-specific myosin isoforms that differ in amino acid sequence and ATPase activity in order to tune muscle contractile velocities. Recent studies, however, suggested that the squid Doryteuthis pealeii might be an exception; members of this species do not express muscle-specific myosin isoforms, but instead alter sarcomeric ultrastructure to adjust contractile velocities. We investigated whether this alternative mechanism of tuning muscle contractile velocity is found in other coleoid cephalopods. We analyzed myosin heavy chain transcript sequences and expression profiles from muscular tissues of a cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, and an octopus, Octopus bimaculoides, in order to determine if these cephalopods express tissue-specific myosin heavy chain isoforms. We identified transcripts of four and six different myosin heavy chain isoforms in S. officinalis and O. bimaculoides muscular tissues, respectively. Transcripts of all isoforms were expressed in all muscular tissues studied, and thus S. officinalis and O. bimaculoides do not appear to express tissue-specific muscle myosin isoforms. We also examined the sarcomeric ultrastructure in the transverse muscle fibers of the arms of O. bimaculoides and the arms and tentacles of S. officinalis using transmission electron microscopy and found that the fast contracting fibers of the prey capture tentacles of S. officinalis have shorter thick filaments than those found in the slower transverse muscle fibers of the arms of both species. It thus appears that coleoid cephalopods, including the cuttlefish and octopus, may use ultrastructural modifications rather than tissue-specific myosin isoforms to adjust contractile velocities.
Temporal Fidelity in Dynamic Social Networks
Creators: name: Stopczynski, Arkadiusz
name: Sapiezynski, Piotr
name: Pentland, Alex 'Sandy'
name: Lehmann, Sune
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It has recently become possible to record detailed social interactions in large social systems with high resolution. As we study these datasets, human social interactions display patterns that emerge at multiple time scales, from minutes to months. On a fundamental level, understanding of the network dynamics can be used to inform the process of measuring social networks. The details of measurement are of particular importance when considering dynamic processes where minute-to-minute details are important, because collection of physical proximity interactions with high temporal resolution is difficult and expensive. Here, we consider the dynamic network of proximity-interactions between approximately 500 individuals participating in the Copenhagen Networks Study. We show that in order to accurately model spreading processes in the network, the dynamic processes that occur on the order of minutes are essential and must be included in the analysis.
A Common Variant in MIR182 Is Associated With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in the NEIGHBORHOOD Consortium
Creators: name: Song, Yeunjoo E.
name: Budenz, Donald L.
name: Christen, William G.
name: Wiggs, Janey L.
name: Scott, William K.
name: Realini, Anthony
name: Hauser, Michael A.
name: Moroi, Sayoko E.
name: Singh, Kuldev
name: Haines, Jonathan L.
name: Helwa, Inas
name: Vollrath, Douglas
name: Lee, Richard K.
name: Medeiros, Felipe
name: Stamer, W. Daniel
name: Kraft, Peter
name: Zhang, Kang
name: Fingert, John H.
name: Chasman, Daniel I.
name: Pericak-Vance, Margaret A.
name: Schuman, Joel S.
name: Drewry, Michelle
name: Bailey, Jessica Cooke
name: Kuchtey, John
name: Kass, Michael A.
name: Kuchtey, Rachel W.
name: Sit, Arthur J.
name: Lichter, Paul
name: Brilliant, Murray H.
name: Cai, Jingwen
name: Richards, Julia E.
name: Pasquale, Louis R.
name: Igo, Robert P.
name: Kang, Jae H.
name: Gonzalez, Pedro
name: Allingham, R. Rand
name: Zack, Donald J.
name: Gaasterland, Douglas
name: Weinreb, Robert
name: Wollstein, Gadi
name: Gordon, Mae O.
name: Gaasterland, Terry
name: Ritch, Robert
name: Liu, Yutao
name: Dismuke, W. Michael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. We aimed to identify common variants in miRNA coding genes (MIR) associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
New Limits on the Dark Matter Lifetime from Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies using Fermi-LAT
Creators: name: Baring, Matthew G.
name: Ghosh, Tathagata
name: Queiroz, Farinaldo S.
name: Sinha, Kuver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) are promising targets for the indirect detection of dark matter through gamma-ray emission due to their proximity, lack of astrophysical backgrounds and high dark matter density. They are often used to place restrictive bounds on the dark matter annihilation cross section. In this paper, we analyze six years of {\it Fermi}-LAT gamma-ray data from 19 dSphs that are satellites of the Milky Way, and derive from a stacked analysis of 15 dSphs, robust 95\% confidence level lower limits on the dark matter lifetime for several decay channels and dark matter masses between $\sim 1$GeV and $10$TeV. Our findings are based on a bin-by-bin maximum likelihood analysis treating the J-factor as a nuisance parameter using PASS 8 event-class. Our constraints from this ensemble are among the most stringent and solid in the literature, and competitive with existing ones coming from the extragalactic gamma-ray background, galaxy clusters, AMS-02 cosmic ray data, Super-K and ICECUBE neutrino data, while rather insensitive to systematic uncertainties. In particular, among gamma-ray searches, we improve existing limits for dark matter decaying into $\bar{b}b$, ($μ^+μ^-$) for DM masses below $\sim 30\, (200)$~GeV, demonstrating that dSphs are compelling targets for constraining dark matter decay lifetimes.
description: 4 figures, 7 pages. Inclusion of PASS 8 event-class, maximum likelihood analysis and a new figure concerning Reticulum-II. Accepted in Physical Review D
Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Estimation Using Formulae Derived From Clinical Data
Creators: name: Bicket, Amanda K.
name: Fautsch, Michael P.
name: Fleischman, David
name: Berdahl, John P.
name: Wang, Ning Li
name: Rand Allingham,
name: Stinnett, Sandra S.
name: Jonas, Jost B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Purpose: To evaluate a frequently used regression model and a new, modified regression model to estimate cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP).

Methods: Datasets from the Beijing iCOP study from Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China, and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, were tested in this retrospective, case-control study. An often-used regression model derived from the Beijing iCOP dataset, but without radiographic data, was used to predict CSFP by using demographic and physiologic data. A regression model was created using the Mayo Clinic dataset and tested against a validation group. The Mayo Clinic-derived formula was also tested against the Beijing Eye Study population. Intraclass correlation was used to assess predicted versus actual CSFP.

Results: The Beijing-derived regression equation was reported to have an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.71, indicating strong correlation between predicted and actual CSFP in the study population. The Beijing iCOP regression model poorly predicted CSFP in the Mayo Clinic population with an ICC of 0.14. The Mayo Clinic-derived regression model similarly did not predict CSFP in its Mayo Clinic validation group (ICC 0.28 ± 0.04) nor in the Beijing Eye Study population (ICC 0.06).

Conclusions: Formulae used to predict CSFP derived from clinical data fared poorly against a large retrospective dataset. This may be related to differences in lumbar puncture technique, in the populations tested, or the timing of collection of physiologic variables in the Mayo Clinic dataset. Caution should be used when interpreting results based on formulaic derivation of CSFP.
Detailed balance as a quantum-group symmetry of Kraus operators
Creators: name: Andersson, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A unital completely positive map governing the time evolution of a quantum system is usually called a quantum channel, and it can be represented by a tuple of operators which are then referred to as the Kraus operators of the channel. We look at states of the system whose correlations with respect to the channel have a certain symmetry. Then we show that detailed balance holds if the Kraus operators satisfy a very interesting algebraic relation which plays an important role in the representation theory of any compact quantum group.
Assessing the Association of Mitochondrial Genetic Variation With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Using Gene-Set Analyses
Creators: name: Khawaja, Anthony P.
name: Rand Allingham,
name: Realini, Tony
name: Pasquale, Louis R.
name: Cooke Bailey, Jessica N.
name: Scott, William K.
name: Wollstein, Gadi
name: Vollrath, Douglas
name: Gaasterland, Douglas
name: Liu, Yutao
name: Medeiros, Felipe
name: Sit, Arthur J.
name: Pericak-Vance, Margaret
name: Weinreb, Robert N.
name: Fingert, John
name: Gaasterland, Terry
name: Lichter, Paul R.
name: Haines, Jonathan L.
name: Schuman, Joel S.
name: Hauser, Michael A.
name: Richards, Julia E.
name: Kang, Jae Hee
name: Budenz, Donald L.
name: Moroi, Syoko E.
name: Singh, Kuldev
name: Zhang, Kang
name: Lee, Richard K.
name: Kraft, Peter
name: Christen, William G.
name: Zack, Donald J.
name: Wiggs, Janey L.
name: Ritch, Robert
name: Brilliant, Murray
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Recent studies indicate that mitochondrial proteins may contribute to the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). In this study, we examined the association between POAG and common variations in gene-encoding mitochondrial proteins.
Characterization of Rat Meibomian Gland Ion and Fluid Transport
Creators: name: Burns, Kimberlie A.
name: Yu, Dongfang
name: Schlegel, Richard
name: Gilmore, Rodney C.
name: Clapp, Phillip W.
name: Chua, Michael
name: O’Neal, Wanda K.
name: Randell, Scott H.
name: Boucher, Richard C.
name: Aita, Megumi
name: Davis, Richard M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: We establish novel primary rat meibomian gland (MG) cell culture systems and explore the ion transport activities of the rat MG.
Zeros of Quasi-Orthogonal Jacobi Polynomials
Creators: name: Driver, Kathy
name: Jordaan, Kerstin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider interlacing properties satisfied by the zeros of Jacobi polynomials in quasi-orthogonal sequences characterised by $α>-1$, $-2-1$ and $-2-1$, $-2
Quiver varieties and Hall algebras
Creators: name: Scherotzke, Sarah
name: Sibilla, Nicolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we give a geometric construction of the quantum group Ut(G) using Nakajima categories, which were developed in [29]. Our methods allow us to establish a direct connection between the algebraic realization of the quantum group as Hall algebra by Bridgeland [1] and its geometric counterpart by Qin [24].
description: references added
Oxygen Saturation of Retinal Vessels in All Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy and Correlation to Ultra-Wide Field Fluorescein Angiography
Creators: name: Kshirsagar, Abhijit V.
name: Guduru, Abhilash
name: Waters, Alexa
name: Garg, Seema
name: Martz, Teresa G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine retinal hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2) in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) using retinal oximetry (RO) and to correlate the degree of retinal ischemia using intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA).

Methods: This is a single-center cross-sectional cohort study. Twenty-seven controls and 60 adult patients with diabetes mellitus (16 without DR and 44 with DR) were enrolled. Patients were stratified according to DR severity. Using RO, SO2 was measured in major retinal arterioles (SaO2) and venules (SvO2). Using IVFA, the percentage of retinal ischemia in 31 patients with DR was calculated and correlated with RO.

Results: Pairwise one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant increase in SaO2 and SvO2 in patients with proliferative DR (PDR) compared with controls (SaO2: PDR, 100 ± 7% vs. controls, 91 ± 4% [P = 0.003]; SvO2: PDR, 66 ± 11% vs. controls, 53 ± 6% [P < 0.00001]). The percentage of retinal ischemia also increased with DR severity: ANOVA showed a significant difference in retinal ischemia between all categories of nonproliferative DR vs. PDR: 2.31 ± 2% vs. 7.92 ± 9% (P = 0.017), respectively. Pearson two-tailed correlation showed significant correlation between SaO2 and ischemia (R = 0.467, P = 0.011).

Conclusions: Hemoglobin oxygen saturation of retinal arterioles and venules increases with DR severity; SaO2 correlates with increasing ischemia measured by IVFA. Retinal oximetry may complement current imaging strategies to noninvasively augment the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with diabetes.
Innovative Platforms for Macrophage Behavior: Establishment of Stable Macrophage Reporters And Macrophage-Incorporated Airway Organoid
Creators: name: Zheng, Shiyuan
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified

description:  Macrophages are an essential cellular component of innate immunity that perform immunosurveillance and maintain tissue homeostasis by detecting the presence of foreign pathogens and toxins, removing cell debris or dysfunctional cells, and releasing effector molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors to the tissue microenvironment. Macrophage polarization is a highly dynamic process due to its sensory nature, and characterizing macrophage states has been a longstanding challenge. Some challenges have not been addressed in current phenotyping techniques, including one opportunity to measure cell behavior and failure to reflect the temporal determinates of cell fate. Given the macrophage's dynamic sensory nature, there is a need to measure macrophage cell fate equally dynamically. Here, we developed a responsive-element luciferase-tagged macrophage reporter cell line via lentiviral transduction to assess the temporal signals generated. Combined with bioluminescence temporal spectrometry that captures luciferase activities as the readouts, STAT6-RE THP-1 reporter can accurately report the dynamics of M2 polarization in single-dose administration of IL-4 and lung cancer spheroid model. These experiments allow for a better understanding of the association between molecular mechanisms and macrophage polarization, facilitating the development of therapeutic strategies for manipulating macrophages to attenuate inflammation and tumor progression and promote wound healing.
The lung is a vital respiratory organ for gas exchange. The airway epithelium is considered a dynamic structure that responds to environmental stimuli and closely coordinates with innate immune cells such as monocytes and macrophages to facilitate host immune defense against infection and maintain lung homeostasis. However, current in vitro models, including 2D air-liquid interface culture and 3D organoid, primarily focus on distal lungs and lack innate immune cellular components. In this thesis, a THP-1 cell incorporated apical-out airway organoid model is established to address these limitations. This novel model recapitulates the immunosuppressive microenvironment of lung airway epithelium and captures the development of monocytes to an airway macrophage-like phenotype. By incorporating the innate immune compartment, this model offers an advantage over traditional lung airway models for better investigating innate immunity in lung and respiratory diseases.
Sox2 -Deficient Müller Glia Disrupt the Structural and Functional Maturation of the Mammalian Retina
Creators: name: Bachleda, Amelia R.
name: Pevny, Larysa H.
name: Weiss, Ellen R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Müller glia (MG), the principal glial cells of the vertebrate retina, display quiescent progenitor cell characteristics. They express key progenitor markers, including the high mobility group box transcription factor SOX2 and maintain a progenitor-like morphology. In the embryonic and mature central nervous system, SOX2 maintains neural stem cell identity. However, its function in committed Müller glia has yet to be determined.
Change Detection in Multivariate Datastreams: Likelihood and Detectability Loss
Creators: name: Alippi, Cesare
name: Boracchi, Giacomo
name: Carrera, Diego
name: Roveri, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We address the problem of detecting changes in multivariate datastreams, and we investigate the intrinsic difficulty that change-detection methods have to face when the data dimension scales. In particular, we consider a general approach where changes are detected by comparing the distribution of the log-likelihood of the datastream over different time windows. Despite the fact that this approach constitutes the frame of several change-detection methods, its effectiveness when data dimension scales has never been investigated, which is indeed the goal of our paper. We show that the magnitude of the change can be naturally measured by the symmetric Kullback-Leibler divergence between the pre- and post-change distributions, and that the detectability of a change of a given magnitude worsens when the data dimension increases. This problem, which we refer to as \emph{detectability loss}, is due to the linear relationship between the variance of the log-likelihood and the data dimension. We analytically derive the detectability loss on Gaussian-distributed datastreams, and empirically demonstrate that this problem holds also on real-world datasets and that can be harmful even at low data-dimensions (say, 10).
Investigation of the $nnΛ$ bound state in pionless effective theory
Creators: name: Ando, Shung-Ichi
name: Raha, Udit
name: Oh, Yongseok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility of an $nnΛ$ bound state is investigated in the framework of pionless effective field theory at leading order. A system of coupled integral equations are constructed in the spin-isospin basis, of which numerical solutions are investigated. In particular, we make use of the limit cycle behavior, i.e., cyclic singularities of coupled integral equations of the system, which would be associated with the formation of a three-body bound state, so-called the Efimov state, in the unitary limit. Furthermore, we find that, when the sharp momentum cutoff introduced in the integral equations is taken significantly larger than the hard scale of the effective theory, the coupling of a three-body contact interaction becomes cyclically singular indicating the onset of Efimov-like bound state formation. However, the paucity of empirical information to determine the parameters of the theory precludes a definitive conclusion on the existence of such a bound state. As a simple test of the feasibility of the $nnΛ$ bound system in nature, we explore the cutoff dependence of the theory, and uncertainties of the present study are discussed as well.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, REVTeX, revised version
Ocular Motor Nerve Development in the Presence and Absence of Extraocular Muscle
Creators: name: Park, Jong G.
name: Nguyen, Elaine H.
name: Engle, Elizabeth C.
name: Whitman, Mary C.
name: Tischfield, Max A.
name: Michalak, Suzanne M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: To spatially and temporally define ocular motor nerve development in the presence and absence of extraocular muscles (EOMs).
Long Run Effects of Welfare Reform Experiments
Creators: name: Hoynes, Hilary
name: Leung, Pauline
name: Pei, Zhuan
name: Matsudaira, Jordan
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration
subject: Economics
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This project is a long term follow-up of two Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) of welfare reform experiments. This includes the Portland NEWWS project with 5,547 welfare recipients assigned to a treatment (welfare reform) and control (pre-existing AFDC program) group and Connecticut Jobs First project of about 4,800 applicants and recipients assigned to a treatment (Jobs First) and control (AFDC) group. This project is part of the MDRC Learning from Administrative Data (LAD) Project and uses administrative data available through the Census to examine long run impacts on the original participants and their children.
Effect of liver histopathology on islet cell engraftment in the model mimicking autologous islet cell transplantation
Creators: name: Li, Henghong
name: Khan, Khalid M.
name: Cui, Wanxing
name: Desai, Chirag S.
name: Wang, Juan
name: Fan, Lijuan
name: Ma, Xiaobo
name: Chen, Guoling
name: Smith, Jill P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Background: The inflammatory milieu in the liver as determined by histopathology is different in individual patients undergoing autologous islet cell transplantation. We hypothesized that inflammation related to fatty-liver adversely impacts islet survival. To test this hypothesis, we used a mouse model of fatty-liver to determine the outcome of syngeneic islet transplantation after chemical pancreatectomy. Methods: Mice (C57BL/6) were fed a high-fat-diet from 6 weeks of age until attaining a weight of ≥28 grams (6–8 weeks) to produce a fatty liver (histologically > 30% fat);steatosis was confirmed with lipidomic profile of liver tissue. Islets were infused via the intra-portal route in fatty-liver and control mice after streptozotocin induction of diabetes. Outcomes were assessed by the rate of euglycemia, liver histopathology, evaluation of liver inflammation by measuring tissue cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α by RT-PCR and CD31 expression by immunohistochemistry. Results: The difference in the euglycemic fraction between the normal liver group (90%, 9/10) and the fatty-liver group (37.5%, 3/8) was statistically significant at the 18th day post- transplant and was maintained to the end of the study (day 28) (p = 0.019, X2 = 5.51). Levels of TNF–α and IL-1β were elevated in fatty-liver mice (p = 0.042, p = 0.037). Compared to controls cytokine levels were elevated after islet cell transplantation and in transplanted fatty-liver mice as compared to either fatty- or islet transplant group alone (p = NS). A difference in the histochemical pattern of CD31 could not be determined. Conclusion: Fatty-liver creates an inflammatory state which adversely affects the outcome of autologous islet cell transplantation.
Some theories beyond the Standard Model
Creators: name: Cornell, Alan S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A brief review on the physics beyond the Standard Model is given, as was presented in the High Energy Particle Physics workshop on the $12^{th}$ of February 2015 at the iThemba North Labs. Particular emphasis is given to the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, with mention of extra-dimensional theories also.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the proceedings for the High Energy Particle Physics workshop 2015, iThemba North, Johannesburg
Pyralidae
Creators: name: Swezey, O. H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1942
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Pyralidae

description: FAMILY PYRALIDAE The arrangement of the Guam material of this family is according to the classification used by W. H. T. Tams [Insects of Samoa 3(4): 243-289, 1935]. Only a few of the subfamilies are represented in Guam. Besides our 1936 collections, records of D. T. Fullaway's collecting in 1911 are included. The species marked with asterisks were determined by Carl Heinrich, U. S. National Museum. There were a few species sent to Tams at the British Museum which have not yet been reported on.
description: Published as part of Swezey, O. H., 1946, Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Arctiidae, Agrotidae, and Pyralidae of Guam, pp. 163-185 in Insects of Guam II, Honolulu, Hawaii :Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 189 on page 175, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5165313
Role of Mediators in Reducing Antepartum Depressive Symptoms in Rural Low-Income Women Receiving a Culturally Tailored Cognitive Behavioral Intervention
Creators: name: Gaynes, Bradley N.
name: Newton, Edward R.
name: Banks, Elizabeth C.
name: Jesse, D. Elizabeth
name: Hollon, Steve D.
name: Bian, Hui
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Although cognitive behavioral interventions (CBIs) have demonstrated effectiveness for reducing depressive symptoms in the general population, the mechanism for reducing antepartum depressive symptoms (APDS) in rural low-income and minority women is unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that reducing stress and negative thinking, enhancing self-esteem, and increasing social-support will mediate the effect of a CBI on reducing APDS in rural low-income and minority women. Our findings show that CBI may work through reducing stress and negative thinking and enhancing self-esteem, but not social support. The findings also suggest that mental health care providers should emphasize these activities to reduce antepartum depressive symptoms.
Myocardial Injury, Obesity, and the Obesity Paradox
Creators: name: Bozkurt, Biykem
name: Pokharel, Yashashwi
name: Ndumele, Chiadi E.
name: Solomon, Scott D.
name: Chang, Patricia P.
name: Sun, Wensheng
name: Deswal, Anita
name: Ballantyne, Christie M.
name: Selvin, Elizabeth
name: Hoogeveen, Ron C.
name: Nambi, Vijay
name: Virani, Salim S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: To examine whether pre-heart failure (HF) myocardial injury explains the differential mortality after HF across weight categories.
Phycitinae C.Linnaeus 1758
Creators: name: Swezey, O. H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1942
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Lepidoptera
Pyralidae

description: SUBFAMILY PHYCITINAE The phycitids lacking specific determination are in the hands of Carl Heinrich for study, and are not yet reported on.
description: Published as part of Swezey, O. H., 1946, Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Arctiidae, Agrotidae, and Pyralidae of Guam, pp. 163-185 in Insects of Guam II, Honolulu, Hawaii :Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 189 on page 176, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5165313
A phase 1b/pharmacokinetic trial of PTC299, a novel post-transcriptional VEGF inhibitor, for AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma: AIDS Malignancy Consortium trial 059
Creators: name: Aboulafia, David
name: Tulpule, Anil
name: Dezube, Bruce J.
name: Dittmer, Dirk P.
name: Ignacio, Rachel A. Bender
name: Chavakula, Veenadhari
name: Mitsuyasu, Ronald T.
name: Rudek, Michelle A.
name: Sparano, Joseph A.
name: Ambinder, Richard F.
name: Lynne, Julia
name: Krown, Susan E.
name: Chiao, Elizabeth Y.
name: Reid, Erin Gourley
name: Baiocchi, Robert
name: Lee, Jeannette Y.
name: Eason, Anthony
name: Shiramizu, Bruce
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). We administered PTC299, a post-transcriptional inhibitor of pathogenic VEGF, to persons with HIV-related KS. Seventeen participants received three different doses of PTC299. Adverse events typically observed with VEGF-inhibition were absent. Three participants had partial tumor responses and 11 had stable disease. There were no differences in exposure to PTC299 by antiretroviral regimen. Serum VEGF, but not KSHV DNA, decreased on treatment. Given redundancies in the VEGF feedback loop, future trials should consider combining PTC299 with agents that inhibit different pathways implicated in KS and KSHV proliferation.
Symmetry Breaking Vacua in Lovelock Gravity
Creators: name: Kastor, David
name: Şentürk, Çetin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Higher curvature Lovelock gravity theories can have a number of maximally symmetric vacua with different values of the curvature. Critical surfaces in the space of Lovelock couplings separate regions with different numbers of such vacua, and there exist symmetry breaking regions with no maximally symmetric vacua. Especially in such regimes, it is interesting to ask what reduced symmetry vacua may exist. We study this question, focusing on vacua that are products of maximally symmetric spaces. For low order Lovelock theories, we assemble a map of such vacua over the Lovelock coupling space, displaying different possibilities for vacuum symmetry breaking. We see indications of interesting structure, with e.g. product vacua in Gauss-Bonnet gravity covering the entirety of the symmetry breaking regime in $5$-dimensions, but only a limited portion of it in $6$-dimensions.
description: 25 pages, 16 figures; v2 - references added; v3 - references added, additional minor changes
Brief Report: Relationship Among Viral Load Outcomes in HIV Treatment Interruption Trials
Creators: name: Treasure, Graham C.
name: Gandhi, Rajesh T.
name: Mellors, John W.
name: Bosch, Ronald J.
name: Li, Jonathan Z.
name: Para, Michael
name: Kuritzkes, Daniel R.
name: Aga, Evgenia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Viral load (VL) rebound timing and set point were analyzed in 235 participants undergoing analytic treatment interruption (ATI) in 6 ACTG studies. There was no significant association between rebound timing and ATI VL set point for those who rebounded ≤12 weeks. VL set points were lower in participants with rebound >12 weeks (p<0.001) and participants treated during early infection (p<0.001). Pre-ART VL correlated with set point, though 68% of participants had a set point lower than pre-ART VL. These results illustrate complex relationships between post-ATI virologic outcomes and the potential presence of biological factors mediating rebound timing and set point.