cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
NANOGrav Constraints on Gravitational Wave Bursts with Memory
Creators: name: Arzoumanian, Z.
name: Brazier, A.
name: Burke-Spolaor, S.
name: Chamberlin, S. J.
name: Chatterjee, S.
name: Christy, B.
name: Cordes, J. M.
name: Cornish, N. J.
name: Demorest, P. B.
name: Deng, X.
name: Dolch, T.
name: Ellis, J. A.
name: Ferdman, R. D.
name: Fonseca, E.
name: Garver-Daniels, N.
name: Jenet, F.
name: Jones, G.
name: Kaspi, V. M.
name: Koop, M.
name: Lam, M. T.
name: Lazio, T. J. W.
name: Levin, L.
name: Lommen, A. N.
name: Lorimer, D. R.
name: Luo, J.
name: Lynch, R. S.
name: Madison, D. R.
name: McLaughlin, M. A.
name: McWilliams, S. T.
name: Nice, D. J.
name: Palliyaguru, N.
name: Pennucci, T. T.
name: Ransom, S. M.
name: Siemens, X.
name: Stairs, I. H.
name: Stinebring, D. R.
name: Stovall, K.
name: Swiggum, J.
name: Vallisneri, M.
name: van Haasteren, R.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Zhu, W. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among efforts to detect gravitational radiation, pulsar timing arrays are uniquely poised to detect "memory" signatures, permanent perturbations in spacetime from highly energetic astrophysical events such as mergers of supermassive black hole binaries. The North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) observes dozens of the most stable millisecond pulsars using the Arecibo and Green Bank radio telescopes in an effort to study, among other things, gravitational wave memory. We herein present the results of a search for gravitational wave bursts with memory (BWMs) using the first five years of NANOGrav observations. We develop original methods for dramatically speeding up searches for BWM signals. In the directions of the sky where our sensitivity to BWMs is best, we would detect mergers of binaries with reduced masses of $10^9$ $M_\odot$ out to distances of 30 Mpc; such massive mergers in the Virgo cluster would be marginally detectable. We find no evidence for BWMs. However, with our non-detection, we set upper limits on the rate at which BWMs of various amplitudes could have occurred during the time spanned by our data--e.g., BWMs with amplitudes greater than $10^{-13}$ must occur at a rate less than 1.5 yr$^{-1}$.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures. We will submit this article to ApJ two weeks from now. Questions or comments should be directed to Dustin Madison (drm252@cornell.edu)
Additional file 1 of The biosocial correlates and predictors of emotion dysregulation in autistic adults compared to borderline personality disorder and nonclinical controls
Creators: name: Bemmouna, Doha
name: Lagzouli, Amine
name: Weiner, Luisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1.
Christopher S. LIGHTFOOT, The Cesnola Collection of Cypriot Art. Terracotta Oil Lamps
Creators: name: Dietrich, Martin
Publisher: name: Göttinger Forum für Altertumswissenschaft
Year: 2023

description: Rezension zu: Christopher S. Lightfoot, The Cesnola Collection of Cypriot Art. Terra­cotta Oil Lamps. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art 2021, 366 S., 700 farb. Abb., EUR 85,00. ISBN: 978-1-58839-724-9
description: Göttinger Forum für Altertumswissenschaft, Bd. 25 Nr. 1 (2022): Göttinger Forum für Altertumswissenschaft
Neglected $U(1)$ phase in the Schroedinger representation of quantum mechanics and particle number conserving formalisms for superconductivity
Creators: name: Koizumi, Hiroyasu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductivity is reformulated as a phenomenon in which a stable velocity field is created by a $U(1)$ phase neglected by Dirac in the Schroedinger representation of quantum mechanics. The neglected phase gives rise to a $U(1)$ gauge field expressed as the Berry connection from many-body wave functions. The inclusion of this gauge field transforms the standard particle-number non-conserving formalism of superconductivity to a particle-number conserving one with many results of the former unaltered. In other words, the new formalism indicates that the current standard one is an approximation that effectively takes into account this neglected $U(1)$ gauge field by employing the particle-number non-conserving formalism. Since the standard and new formalisms are physically different, conflicting results are predicted in some cases. We reexamine the Josephson relation and show that a capacitance contribution of the Josephson junction to the $U(1)$ phase is missing in the standard formalism, and inclusion of it indicates that the standard theory actually does one agree with the experiment while the new one does. It is also shown that the dissipative quantum phase transition in Josephson junctions predicted in the standard theory does not exit in the new one in accordance with the recent experimental result.
Additional file 1 of Reversing BCG-mediated autophagy inhibition and mycobacterial survival to improve vaccine efficacy
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Orozco, Maria
name: Strong, Emily J.
name: Paroha, Ruchi
name: Lee, Sunhee
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1. Fig-S1. Full-length blots and gels.
Win-Win Cooperation for Who? The Political Economy of State-Business Relations in Global China
Creators: name: McFaul, Cole
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: China
subject: Belt and Road Initiative
subject: Intergovernmental fiscal relations
subject: Central-local government relations
subject: China-Africa Relations
subject: Agency costs
subject: Property rights
subject: Transaction cost economics
subject: China-Ghana Relations
subject: China political economy
subject: Going Out Strategy

description: China’s increased global engagement has animated debate among policymakers and academics alike. Prevailing analyses of China’s role in the world tend to frame China as a unitary actor under the control of Beijing. This thesis offers an alternative, granular approach to assessing the incentives and constraints that drive political economic activity in “Global China.” Drawing on foundational concepts from property rights theory, transaction cost economics, and agency theory, I introduce the “global state corporatism” model through which to analyze the complex set of actors, interests, and interdependencies subsumed within Global China. I conceptualize China’s state sector as a large corporation characterized by a series of nested principal-agent relationships. Within this structure, Beijing, local governments, and firms each have their own set of interests; when the interests of one actor are in conflict with another, principals are more likely to incur agency costs. This thesis draws on one case study of fiscal reforms to China’s export taxes and two case studies of Chinese firms operating in Ghana to interrogate the proposed model of global state corporatism. Perhaps the most important contribution of this work is my analysis of the fiscal reforms to the export VAT rebate mechanism. Previously unexplored, the export VAT rebate mechanism provides a specific political economic rationale behind local governments’ enthusiasm to participate in China’s internationalization initiatives. The logic of the export VAT rebate mechanism provides new alternative explanations for several key trade statistics in China. Finally, I demonstrate how host countries can exploit Global China’s nested principal-agent structure to exert significant agency in shaping outcomes from China’s engagement.
Quantification of pathogens and markers of fecal contamination during storm events along popular surfing beaches in San Diego, California
Creators: name: Griffith, J.F.
name: Noble, R.T.
name: Steele, J.A.
name: Schiff, K.C.
name: Blackwood, A.D.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2018

description: Along southern California beaches, the concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) used to quantify the potential presence of fecal contamination in coastal recreational waters have been previously documented to be higher during wet weather conditions (typically winter or spring) than those observed during summer dry weather conditions. FIB are used for management of recreational waters because measurement of the bacterial and viral pathogens that are the potential causes of illness in beachgoers exposed to stormwater can be expensive, time-consuming, and technically difficult. Here, we use droplet digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (digital PCR) and digital reverse transcriptase PCR (digital RT-PCR) assays for direct quantification of pathogenic viruses, pathogenic bacteria, and source-specific markers of fecal contamination in the stormwater discharges. We applied these assays across multiple storm events from two different watersheds that discharge to popular surfing beaches in San Diego, CA. Stormwater discharges had higher FIB concentrations as compared to proximal beaches, often by ten-fold or more during wet weather. Multiple lines of evidence indicated that the stormwater discharges contained human fecal contamination, despite the presence of separate storm sewer and sanitary sewer systems in both watersheds. Human fecal source markers (up to 100% of samples, 20-12440 HF183 copies per 100 ml) and human norovirus (up to 96% of samples, 25-495 NoV copies per 100 ml) were routinely detected in stormwater discharge samples. Potential bacterial pathogens were also detected and quantified: Campylobacter spp. (up to 100% of samples, 16-504 gene copies per 100 ml) and Salmonella (up to 25% of samples, 6-86 gene copies per 100 ml). Other viral human pathogens were also measured, but occurred at generally lower concentrations: adenovirus (detected in up to 22% of samples, 14-41 AdV copies per 100 ml); no enterovirus was detected in any stormwater discharge sample. Higher concentrations of avian source markers were noted in the stormwater discharge located immediately downstream of a large bird sanctuary along with increased Campylobacter concentrations and notably different Campylobacter species composition than the watershed that had no bird sanctuary. This study is one of the few to directly measure an array of important bacterial and viral pathogens in stormwater discharges to recreational beaches, and provides context for stormwater-based management of beaches during high risk wet-weather periods. Furthermore, the combination of culture-based and digital PCR-derived data is demonstrated to be valuable for assessing hydrographic relationships, considering delivery mechanisms, and providing foundational exposure information for risk assessment.
Asymmetric bistability of chiral particle orientation in viscous shear flows
Creators: name: Zöttl, Andreas
name: Tesser, Francesca
name: Matsunaga, Daiki
name: Laurent, Justine
name: Roure, Olivia Du
name: Lindner, Anke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The migration of helical particles in viscous shear flows plays a crucial role in chiral particle sorting. Attaching a non-chiral head to a helical particle leads to a rheotactic torque inducing particle reorientation. This phenomenon is responsible for bacterial rheotaxis observed for flagellated bacteria as Escherichia coli in shear flows. Here we use a high-resolution microprinting technique to fabricate micro-particles with controlled and tunable chiral shape consisting of a spherical head and helical tails of various pitch and handedness. By observing the fully time-resolved dynamics of these micro-particles in microfluidic channel flow, we gain valuable insights into chirality-induced orientation dynamics. Our experimental model system allows us to examine the effects of particle elongation, chirality, and head-heaviness for different flow rates on the orientation dynamics, while minimizing the influence of Brownian noise. Through our model experiments we demonstrate the existence of asymmetric bistability of the particle orientation perpendicular to the flow direction. We quantitatively explain the particle equilibrium orientations as a function of particle properties, initial conditions and flow rates, as well as the time-dependence of the reorientation dynamics through a theoretical model. The model parameters are determined using boundary element simulations and excellent agreement with experiments is obtained without any adjustable parameters. Our findings lead to a better understanding of chiral particle transport, bacterial rheotaxis and might allow the development of targeted delivery applications.
description: 14 pages, 5+9 figures; accepted for publication in PNAS
MPEC 2023-O121 : 2019 LP4
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Additional file 2 of Reversing BCG-mediated autophagy inhibition and mycobacterial survival to improve vaccine efficacy
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Orozco, Maria
name: Strong, Emily J.
name: Paroha, Ruchi
name: Lee, Sunhee
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 2. Fig-S2. Phosphorylation of S6 increased in an MOI-dependent manner.
Collective emotion dynamics in chats with agents, moderators and Bots
Creators: name: Šuvakov, M.
name: Tadić, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Using agent-directed simulations, we investigate fluctuations in the collective emotional states on a chat network where agents interchange messages with a fixed number of moderators and emotional Bot. To design a realistic chat system, the interaction rules and some statistical parameters, as well as the agent's attributes, are inferred from the empirical chat channel \texttt{Ubuntu}. In the simulations, the Bot's emotion is fixed; the moderators tune the level of its activity by passing a fraction $ε$ of messages to the Bot. At $ε\gtrsim 0$, the collective emotional state matching the Bot's emotion polarity gradually arises; the average growth rate of the dominant emotional charge serves as an order parameter. Due to self-organizing effects, the collective dynamics is more explosive when positive emotions arise by positive Bot than the onset of negative emotions in the presence of negative Bot at the same $ε$. Furthermore, when the emotions matching the Bot's emotion polarity are spread over the system, the underlying fractal processes exhibit higher persistence and stronger clustering of events than the processes spreading of emotion polarity opposite to the Bot's emotion. On the other hand, the relaxation dynamics is controlled by the external noise; the related nonextensive parameter, estimated from the statistics of returns, is virtually independent of the Bot's activity level and emotion contents.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Different abundance and correlational patterns exist between total and presumed pathogenic Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus in shellfish and waters along the North Carolina coast
Creators: name: Williams, T.C.
name: Noble, R.T.
name: Phippen, B.
name: Fowler, P.
name: Oliver, J.D.
name: Froelich, B.A.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2017

description: Monitoring of Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus abundance is pertinent due to the ability of these species to cause disease in humans through aquatic vectors. Previously, we performed a multiyear investigation tracking Vibrio spp. levels in five sites along the southeastern North Carolina coast. From February 2013 to October 2015, total V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus abundance was measured in water, oysters and clams. In the current study, pathogenic subpopulations were identified in these isolates using molecular markers, revealing that 5.3% of V. vulnificus isolates possessed the virulence-correlated gene (vcgC), and 1.9% of V. parahaemolyticus isolates harbored one or both of the virulence-associated hemolysin genes (tdh and trh). Total V. parahaemolyticus abundance was not sufficient to predict the abundance of pathogenic subpopulations. Specifically, pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus isolates were more often isolated in cooler waters and were sometimes isolated when no other V. parahaemolyticus strains were detectable. Vibrio vulnificus clinical (C-) genotypes correlated with total V. vulnificus; however, salinity, water depth and total suspended solids influenced C- and E-genotypes differently. Lastly, we documented individual oysters harboring significantly higher V. vulnificus levels for which there was no ecological explanation, a phenomenon that deserves closer attention due to the potentially elevated health hazard associated with these 'hot' shellfish. We tested environmentally isolated Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus isolates for the presence of virulence markers and found that pathogenic subpopulations do not necessarily reflect total species abundance and correlation patterns.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in South America: water, seafood and human infections
Creators: name: Froelich, B.A.
name: Raszl, S.M.
name: Blackwood, A.D.
name: Noble, R.T.
name: Vieira, C.R.W.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2016

description: The bacterial species, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, are ubiquitous in estuaries and coastal waters throughout the world, but they also happen to be important human pathogens. They are concentrated by filter-feeding shellfish which are often consumed raw or undercooked, providing an important potential route of entry for an infective dose of these bacteria. Vibrio parahaemolyticus can cause abdominal cramping, nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, chills and fever. Vibrio vulnificus can cause similar gastrointestinal-related symptoms, but can also spread to the bloodstream, resulting in primary septicaemia, and it can also cause disease via wound infections. The objective of this article is to summarize, for the first time, the incidence and importance of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in South America, in environmental waters and seafood, especifically molluscan shellfish, as well as human infection cases and outbreaks. It appears that infections from V. parahaemolyticus have been more strongly related to shellfish ingestion and have been more frequently reported on the Pacific coast of South America. Conversely, V. vulnificus has been more frequently acquired by water contact with open wounds and its presence has been more heavily reported along the Atlantic coast of South America, and while documented to cause serious mortality, have been relatively few in number. The impacts of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have been observed to cause an increase in V. parahaemolyticus outbreaks on the Pacific coast of South America. The implementation of a regulated monitoring approach, along with the use of faster, more accurate and virulence-specific detection approaches, such as PCR confirmation, should be considered to detect the presence of pathogenic Vibrio strains in environmental and seafood samples for protection of public health. Furthermore, improved clinical surveillance with suspected cases should be implemented. This review highlights the need for more research and monitoring of vibrios in South America, in water, shellfish and clinical samples.
Topological Distance Games
Creators: name: Bullinger, Martin
name: Suksompong, Warut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a class of strategic games in which agents are assigned to nodes of a topology graph and the utility of an agent depends on both the agent's inherent utilities for other agents as well as her distance from these agents on the topology graph. This model of topological distance games (TDGs) offers an appealing combination of important aspects of several prominent settings in coalition formation, including (additively separable) hedonic games, social distance games, and Schelling games. We study the existence and complexity of stable outcomes in TDGs -- for instance, while a jump stable assignment may not exist in general, we show that the existence is guaranteed in several special cases. We also investigate the dynamics induced by performing beneficial jumps.
description: Appears in the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), 2023
Additional file 3 of Reversing BCG-mediated autophagy inhibition and mycobacterial survival to improve vaccine efficacy
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Orozco, Maria
name: Strong, Emily J.
name: Paroha, Ruchi
name: Lee, Sunhee
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 3. Fig-S3. Pre-infection with BCG does not affect M. smegmatis-induced autophagic flux.
Additional file 5 of Conservation genetics and potential geographic distribution modeling of Corybas taliensis, a small ‘sky Island’ orchid species in China
Creators: name: Liu, Yuhang
name: Wang, Huichun
name: Yang, Jing
name: Dao, Zhiling
name: Sun, Weibang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Supplementary Material 5
title: Collaboration in practice: developing a repertoire of extended techniques for the Kingma System alto and bass flute
Creators: name: Rees, C.
Publisher: name: Royal College of Music
Year: 2014

description: This doctoral research explores the benefits of the Kingma System as applied to the alto and bass flute. It demonstrates each instrument’s potential for the use of extended techniques and the way in which these techniques are applied to the repertoire. The research takes places within the context of my own personal practice as a recitalist and chamber musician, and is represented through recordings of a selection of the repertoire and a website for each instrument, as well as a written commentary. The discussion of repertoire focuses on case studies selected from over 75 works composed for me using these Kingma System instruments. These case studies are presented through recordings, as well as in a detailed discussion of the use of specific aspects of the instruments’ capabilities, including multiphonics, microtonality, alternate fingerings, tone colour, articulation and other extended techniques. The approaches of different composers regarding the notation of these techniques within the repertoire are also explored, and the practical information arising from these case studies is presented as a reference guide for composers and performers in website form. These websites can be found at www.altoflute.co.uk and www.bassflute.co.uk, and include multimedia demonstrations, fingering charts and notational examples. Much of this information is being made available for the first time, and includes the most extensive published selection of multiphonics and trill fingerings for the alto and bass flute. This is also the first survey of extended techniques that is specifically dedicated to instruments enabled by the Kingma System.
Vacuum solution within a metric-affine bumblebee gravity
Creators: name: Filho, A. A. Araújo
name: Nascimento, J. R.
name: Petrov, A. Yu.
name: Porfírio, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a metric-affine extension to the gravitational sector of the Standard-Model Extension for the Lorentz-violating coefficients $u$ and $s^{μν}$. The general results, which are applied to a specific model called metric--affine bumblebee gravity, are obtained. A Schwarzschild-like solution, incorporating effects of the Lorentz symmetry breaking through coefficient $X=ξb^2$, is found. Furthermore, a complete study of the geodesics trajectories of particles has been accomplished in this background, emphasizing the departure from general relativity. We also compute the advance of Mercury's perihelion and the deflection of light within the context of the weak field approximation, and we verify that there exist two new contributions ascribed to the Lorentz symmetry breaking. As a phenomenological application, we compare our theoretical results with observational data in order to estimate the coefficient $X$.
description: 28 pages, 1 figure, version accepted to PRD
Dynamics of airflow in a short inhalation
Creators: name: Bates, Alister
name: Doorly, Denis
name: Cetto, Raul
name: Calmet, Hadrien
name: Gambaruto, Alberto
name: Tolley, Neil
name: Houzeaux, Guillaume
name: Schroter, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During a rapid inhalation, such as a sniff, the flow in the airways accelerates and decays quickly. The consequences for flow development and convective trans- port of an inhaled gas were investigated in a subject geometry extending from the nose to the bronchi. The progress of flow transition and the advance of an inhaled non-absorbed gas were determined using highly resolved simulations of a sniff 0.5 s long, 1 litre per second peak flow, 364 ml inhaled volume. In the nose, the distribution of airflow evolved through three phases: (i) an initial transient of about 50 ms, roughly the filling time for a nasal volume, (ii) quasi-equilibrium over the majority of the inhalation, and (iii) a terminating phase. Flow transition commenced in the supraglottic region within 20ms, resulting in large- amplitude fluctuations persisting throughout the inhalation; in the nose, fluctuations that arose nearer peak flow were of much reduced intensity and diminished in the flow decay phase. Measures of gas concentration showed non-uniform build-up and wash-out of the inhaled gas in the nose. At the carina, the form of the temporal concentration profile reflected both shear dispersion and airway filling defects owing to recirculation regions.
description: 15 pages
Breakdown of fractal dimension invariance in high monomer-volume-fraction aerosol gels
Creators: name: Heinson, William R.
name: Heinson, Yuli W.
name: Pai Liu
name: Chakrabarty, Rajan K.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Hematology

description: Breakdown of fractal dimension invariance in high monomer-volume-fraction aerosol gels
Additional file 1 of Characterization of masculinity expressions and their influence on the participation of women in Mexican small-scale fisheries
Creators: name: Salguero-Velázquez, Alejandra
name: Solano, Neyra
name: Fernandez-Rivera Melo, Francisco J.
name: López-Ercilla, Inés
name: Torre, Jorge
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Supplementary file1 (DOCX 26 KB)
Geometry-enhanced graph neural network for learning the smoothness of glassy dynamics from static structure
Creators: name: Jiang, Xiao
name: Tian, Zean
name: Li, Kenli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the dynamic processes of the glassy system continues to be challenging. Recent advances have shown the power of graph neural networks (GNNs) for determining the correlation between structure and dynamics in the glassy system. These methods treat the glassy system as a topological graph. However, the inherent "smoothness" property of the dynamics on the graph (variation of dynamics over the graph) is ignored, resulting in a deteriorated performance of GNN for dynamic predictions over various time scales. In this paper, we first present an experimental investigation assessing the smoothness patterns of particle dynamics from the graph perspective. The results indicate that the long-time dynamics exhibit a smoother property on the graph, while the short-time dynamics reveal a distinctly non-smooth pattern. To establish the relationship between the static structure and dynamics with different smoothness patterns, we propose a novel geometry-enhanced graph neural network (Geo-GNN) model. The Geo-GNN architecture consists of a geometry feature encoder that incorporates rotation-invariant distances and angles to enhance geometric feature learning and a geometry-enhanced aggregation block that can adaptively learn the underlying smoothness patterns during message passing. Experimental results demonstrate that our method is able to capture the inherent smoothness pattern of particles and outperforms state-of-the-art baselines in predicting the dynamics across all time scales. A subsequent study has revealed that geometric features are critical for the model to accurately capture smoothness patterns in dynamics. Our research not only refines the method for predicting glassy dynamics but also provides a new lens through which to investigate the issue of causality regarding dynamical heterogeneity in glasses.
Selective Chemical Vapor Sensing with Few-Layer MoS2 Thin-Film Transistors
Creators: name: Samnakay, R.
name: Jiang, C.
name: Rumyantsev, S. L.
name: Shur, M. S.
name: Balandin, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrated selective gas sensing with MoS2 thin-film transistors using the change in the channel conductance, characteristic transient time and low-frequency current fluctuations as the sensing parameters. The back-gated MoS2 thin-film field-effect transistors were fabricated on Si/SiO2 substrates and intentionally aged for a month to verify reliability and achieve better current stability. The same devices with the channel covered by 10 nm of Al2O3 were used as reference samples. The exposure to ethanol, acetonitrile, toluene, chloroform, and methanol vapors results in drastic changes in the source-drain current. The current can increase or decrease by more than two-orders of magnitude depending on the analyte. The reference devices with coated channel did not show any response. It was established that transient time of the current change and the normalized spectral density of the low-frequency current fluctuations can be used as additional sensing parameters for selective gas detection with thin-film MoS2 transistors.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 2 of A mixed methods systematic review of mental health self-care strategies for Arabic-speaking refugees and migrants
Creators: name: Mehjabeen, Deena
name: Blignault, Ilse
name: Taha, Perjan Hashim
name: Reavley, Nicola
name: Slewa-Younan, Shameran
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 2: PRISMA 2020 Checklist
Additional file 1 of Autistic children and adolescents with frequent restricted interest and repetitive behavior showed more difficulty in social cognition during mask-wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multisite survey
Creators: name: Tamon, Hiroki
name: Itahashi, Takashi
name: Yamaguchi, Sosei
name: Tachibana, Yoshiyuki
name: Fujino, Junya
name: Igarashi, Miki
name: Kawashima, Makiko
name: Takahashi, Riina
name: Shinohara, Nozomi A.
name: Noda, Yoshihiro
name: Nakajima, Shinichiro
name: Hirota, Tomoya
name: Aoki, Yuta Y.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Multi-laboratory survey of qPCR enterococci analysis method performance in U.S. coastal and inland surface waters
Creators: name: Cao, Y.
name: Weisberg, S.B.
name: Bushon, R.N.
name: Kinzelman, J.
name: Griffith, J.
name: Stelzer, E.A.
name: Sivaganesan, M.
name: Anan'eva, T.
name: Oshima, K.H.
name: Blackwood, A.D.
name: Harwood, V.J.
name: Noble, R.T.
name: Gordon, K.V.
name: Siefring, S.
name: Sinigalliano, C.
name: Haugland, R.A.
name: Raith, M.
name: Varma, M.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2016

description: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has become a frequently used technique for quantifying enterococci in recreational surface waters, but there are several methodological options. Here we evaluated how three method permutations, type of mastermix, sample extract dilution and use of controls in results calculation, affect method reliability among multiple laboratories with respect to sample interference. Multiple samples from each of 22 sites representing an array of habitat types were analyzed using EPA Method 1611 and 1609 reagents with full strength and five-fold diluted extracts. The presence of interference was assessed three ways: using sample processing and PCR amplifications controls; consistency of results across extract dilutions; and relative recovery of target genes from spiked enterococci in water sample compared to control matrices with acceptable recovery defined as 50 to 200%. Method 1609, which is based on an environmental mastermix, was found to be superior to Method 1611, which is based on a universal mastermix. Method 1611 had over a 40% control assay failure rate with undiluted extracts and a 6% failure rate with diluted extracts. Method 1609 failed in only 11% and 3% of undiluted and diluted extracts analyses. Use of sample processing control assay results in the delta-delta Ct method for calculating relative target gene recoveries increased the number of acceptable recovery results. Delta-delta tended to bias recoveries from apparent partially inhibitory samples on the high side which could help in avoiding potential underestimates of enterococci - an important consideration in a public health context. Control assay and delta-delta recovery results were largely consistent across the range of habitats sampled, and among laboratories. The methodological option that best balanced acceptable estimated target gene recoveries with method sensitivity and avoidance of underestimated enterococci densities was Method 1609 without extract dilution and using the delta-delta calculation method. The applicability of this method can be extended by the analysis of diluted extracts to sites where interference is indicated but, particularly in these instances, should be confirmed by augmenting the control assays with analyses for target gene recoveries from spiked target organisms.
Self-organization of nonlinearly coupled neural fluctuations into synergistic population codes
Creators: name: Ma, Hengyuan
name: Qi, Yang
name: Gong, Pulin
name: Zhang, Jie
name: Lu, Wenlian
name: Feng, Jianfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Neural activity in the brain exhibits correlated fluctuations that may strongly influence the properties of neural population coding. However, how such correlated neural fluctuations may arise from the intrinsic neural circuit dynamics and subsequently affect the computational properties of neural population activity remains poorly understood. The main difficulty lies in resolving the nonlinear coupling between correlated fluctuations with the overall dynamics of the system. In this study, we investigate the emergence of synergistic neural population codes from the intrinsic dynamics of correlated neural fluctuations in a neural circuit model capturing realistic nonlinear noise coupling of spiking neurons. We show that a rich repertoire of spatial correlation patterns naturally emerges in a bump attractor network and further reveals the dynamical regime under which the interplay between differential and noise correlations leads to synergistic codes. Moreover, we find that negative correlations may induce stable bound states between two bumps, a phenomenon previously unobserved in firing rate models. These noise-induced effects of bump attractors lead to a number of computational advantages including enhanced working memory capacity and efficient spatiotemporal multiplexing and can account for a range of cognitive and behavioral phenomena related to working memory. This study offers a dynamical approach to investigating realistic correlated neural fluctuations and insights to their roles in cortical computations.
description: code is available at https://github.com/AwakerMhy/moment_nn/tree/main
First Detection of Radio Emission Associated with a Classical Cepheid
Creators: name: Matthews, L. D.
name: Evans, N. R.
name: Rupen, M. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of 15 GHz radio continuum emission associated with the classical Cepheid variable star delta Cephei based on observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. Our results constitute the first probable detection of radio continuum emission from a classical Cepheid. We observed the star at pulsation phase phi~0.43 (corresponding to the phase of maximum radius and minimum temperature) during three pulsation cycles in late 2018 and detected statistically significant emission (>5 sigma) during one of the three epochs. The observed radio emission appears to be variable at a >~10% level on timescales of days to weeks. We also present an upper limit on the 10 GHz flux density at pulsation phase phi=0.31 from an observation in 2014. We discuss possible mechanisms that may produce the observed 15 GHz emission, but cannot make a conclusive identification from the present data. The emission does not appear to be consistent with originating from a close-in, late-type dwarf companion, although this scenario cannot yet be strictly excluded. Previous X-ray observations have shown that delta Cephei undergoes periodic increases in X-ray flux during pulsation phase phi~0.43. The lack of radio detection in two out of three observing epochs at phi~0.43 suggests that either the radio emission is not linked with a particular pulsation phase, or else that the strength of the generated radio emission in each pulsation cycle is variable.
description: 11 pages. Accepted to AJ
Gamma Factory high-intensity muon and positron source: Exploratory studies
Creators: name: Apyan, Armen
name: Krasny, Mieczyslaw Witold
name: Płaczek, Wiesław
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the fundamental challenges for future leptonic colliders and neutrino factories as well as for high-sensitivity studies of lepton universality is to design and construct new high-intensity sources of muons and positrons. The next-generation sources should increase the intensity of the presently operating ones by at least three orders of magnitude and include an important option of producing longitudinally polarized leptons. The main effort to achieve this goal has been focused, so far, on the proton-beam-driven muon sources and electron-beam-driven positron sources. In this paper, we present exploratory studies of an alternative scheme which is based on high-intensity megawatt-class photon beams. Such beams could be delivered in the future by the Gamma Factory (GF) project. One of the GF multiple goals is to increase the energy range (by more than one order of magnitude) and the intensity (by more than six orders of magnitude) of presently operating photon sources. Such a leap can be achieved by extending the present hadron-collider modus operandi of the LHC with a new GF-operation-mode, allowing the collisions of beams with laser pulses. The exploratory studies presented in this paper demonstrate that more than 10$^{13}$ muons of both signs and more than 10$^{16}$ electrons/positrons per second can be produced by a GF source.
description: 27 pages, 29 figures, 4 tables
Assessment of E. coli partitioning behavior via both culture-based and qPCR methods
Creators: name: Krometis, L.-A.
name: Sobsey, M.D.
name: Noble, R.T.
name: Characklis, G.W.
name: Blackwood, A.D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) offers a rapid, highly sensitive analytical alternative to the traditional culture-based techniques of microbial enumeration typically used in water quality monitoring. Before qPCR can be widely applied within surface water monitoring programs and stormwater assessment research, the relationships between microbial concentrations measured by qPCR and culture-based methods must be assessed across a range of water types. Previous studies investigating fecal indicator bacteria quantification using molecular and culture-based techniques have compared measures of total concentration, but have not examined particle-associated microorganisms, which may be more important from a transport perspective, particularly during the calibration of predictive water quality models for watershed management purposes. This study compared total, free-phase, and particle-associated Escherichia coli concentrations as determined by the Colilert defined substrate method and qPCR targeting the uidA gene in stream grab samples partitioned via a calibrated centrifugation technique. Free-phase concentrations detected through qPCR were significantly higher than those detected using Colilert although total concentrations were statistically equivalent, suggesting a source of analytical bias. Although a specimen processing complex was used to identify and correct for inhibition of the qPCR reaction, high particle concentrations may have resulted in underestimation of total cell counts, particularly at low concentrations. Regardless, qPCR-based techniques will likely have an important future role in stormwater assessment and management.
Using rapid indicators for Enterococcus to assess the risk of illness after exposure to urban runoff contaminated marine water
Creators: name: Hayes, J.
name: Burns, S.
name: Wright, C.C.
name: Weisberg, S.B.
name: Cao, Y.
name: McGee, C.
name: Colford, J.M.
name: Schiff, K.C.
name: Gold, M.
name: Wade, T.J.
name: Gruber, J.S.
name: Yau, V.
name: Noble, R.T.
name: Griffith, J.F.
name: Haugland, R.
name: Arnold, B.F.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2012

description: Background: Traditional fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) measurement is too slow (>18 h) for timely swimmer warnings. Objectives: Assess relationship of rapid indicator methods (qPCR) to illness at a marine beach impacted by urban runoff. Methods: We measured baseline and two-week health in 9525 individuals visiting Doheny Beach 2007-08. Illness rates were compared (swimmers vs. non-swimmers). FIB measured by traditional (Enterococcus spp. by EPA Method 1600 or Enterolert™, fecal coliforms, total coliforms) and three rapid qPCR assays for Enterococcus spp. (Taqman, Scorpion-1, Scorpion-2) were compared to health. Primary bacterial source was a creek flowing untreated into ocean; the creek did not reach the ocean when a sand berm formed. This provided a natural experiment for examining FIB-health relationships under varying conditions. Results: We observed significant increases in diarrhea (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.29-2.80 for swallowing water) and other outcomes in swimmers compared to non-swimmers. Exposure (body immersion, head immersion, swallowed water) was associated with increasing risk of gastrointestinal illness (GI). Daily GI incidence patterns were different: swimmers (2-day peak) and non-swimmers (no peak). With berm-open, we observed associations between GI and traditional and rapid methods for Enterococcus; fewer associations occurred when berm status was not considered. Conclusions: We found increased risk of GI at this urban runoff beach. When FIB source flowed freely (berm-open), several traditional and rapid indicators were related to illness. When FIB source was weak (berm-closed) fewer illness associations were seen. These different relationships under different conditions at a single beach demonstrate the difficulties using these indicators to predict health risk.
Viruses in aquatic ecosystems: Important advancements of the last 20 years and prospects for the future in the field of microbial oceanography and limnology
Creators: name: Noble, R.
name: Wilhelm, S.
name: Peduzzi, P.
name: Jacquet, S.
name: Miki, T.
Publisher: name: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
Year: 2010

description: Over the last two decades, viruses in aquatic systems have been observed to modify, influence and control aquatic systems. Since the determination decades ago that viruses were abundant in aquatic ecosystems, researchers have demonstrated that viruses are pervasive and dynamic across the expanse and depth of all aquatic systems as well as at the water-sediment interface. There have been a wide range of methodological advancements during this time. To date, aquatic viruses have been suggested to play vital roles in global and small-scale biogeochemical cycling, community structure, algal bloom termination, gene transfer, and evolution of aquatic organisms. Even in harsh and difficult to study environments, aquatic and benthic viruses have been demonstrated to be major players in carbon cycling and recycling of nutrients from organic material. Taxonomic and metagenomic research has shown us that there are major globally-distributed groups, but that their genomes are filled with sequence information that has no similarity to sequences in existing bioinformatic databases. And while the field of viral ecology has expanded exponentially since the late 1980s, there is much that we do not yet understand about virusmediated processes in aquatic systems. Important near-term steps include the combination of advanced metagenomic techniques with studies of function and population control, standardization of methodological approaches to facilitate global data acquisition without concern over methods-based artefacts, understanding of viral life strategies and their triggers, and the role of viruses in the transformation of organic matter. The purpose of this manuscript is to bring the reader a review of the recent advances in aquatic viral ecology in light of new areas of research, applications of viral ecology to real-world problems, and refinement of models of viral interactions on a range of scales.