cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Preview Control of Dual-Stage Actuator Systems for Superfast Transition Time
Creators: name: Salton, Aurélio T
name: Zhiyong Chen, Zhiyong
name: Zheng, Jinchuan
name: Minyue Fu, Minyue
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This paper introduces a preview control design method to reduce the settling time of dual-stage actuators (DSAs). A DSA system is comprised of two actuators connected in series, a primary (coarse) actuator, and a secondary (fine) actuator. The objective of the proposed design is to account for the redundancy of actuators and use the information of future reference levels in order to compute a pair of inputs to be applied before the output transition time. Experimental results show that the proposed design method significantly reduces the output transition time when compared to conventional forms of DSA control design.
Transforming the springboks: Re-imagining the south african nation through sport
Creators: name: Farquharson, Karen
name: Marjoribanks, Timothy
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Nation-building occurs not only through the creation of formal institutions,but also through struggles in cultural and symbolic contexts. In apartheid South Africa, the rugby union Springboks both symbolised and institutionalised a racially based form of ‘bounded citizenship’. In postapartheid South Africa, the Springboks have emerged as a contested and significant site in the attempt to build a non-racial nation through reconciliation. To explore these contests, we undertook a qualitative thematic analysis of newspaper discourses around the Springboks, reconciliation and nation-building in the contexts of the 1995 and 1999 Rugby World Cups. Our research suggests, first, that the Springboks have been re-imagined in newspaper discourses as a symbol of the non-racial nation-building process in South Africa, especially in ‘media events’ such as the World Cup. Second, we find that there are significant limitations in translating this symbolism into institutionalised practice, as exemplified by newspaper debates over the place of ‘merit’ in international team selection processes. We conclude that the media framing of the role of the Springboks in nation-building indicates that unless the re-imagination of the Springboks is accompanied by a transformation in who is selected to represent the team, and symbolically the nation, the Springboks’ contribution to South African nation-building will be over.
A new clade of putative plankton-feeding sharks from the Upper Cretaceous of Russia and the United States
Creators: name: Kenshu Shimada
name: Popov, Evgeny V.
name: Siversson, Mikael
name: Welton, Bruce J.
name: Long, Douglas J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Microbiology
subject: Biochemistry

description: ABSTRACTEorhincodon casei from Russia and Megachasma comanchensis from the United States are two Cretaceous taxa initially described as putative planktivorous elasmobranchs, but the type specimens of these two taxa were subsequently reinterpreted to represent taphonomically abraded teeth of an odontaspidid, Johnlongia Siverson (Lamniformes: Odontaspididae). Here, we redescribe the type materials of ‘E. casei’ and ‘M. comanchensis’ and describe additional specimens of these species from other Late Cretaceous localities in Russia and the United States. These specimens demonstrate that (1) the two fossil taxa are valid species; (2) they warrant the establishment of a new genus of presumed planktivorous sharks, Pseudomegachasma, gen. nov., to accommodate the two species; and (3) the new genus is sister to Johnlongia and together constitute a new subfamily Johnlonginae, subfam. nov., tentatively placed in the family Odontaspididae sensu stricto. This taxonomic placement indicates that the putative planktivorous clade was derived from a presumed piscivorous form (Johnlongia), with an implication that Pseudomegachasma, gen. nov., evolved a plankton-eating habit independent of the four known planktivorous elasmobranch clades (Rhincodontidae, Megachasmidae, Cetorhinidae, and Mobulidae). It also indicates that planktivorous diets evolved independently at least three times in the order Lamniformes (i.e., Megachasmidae, Cetorhinidae, and Odontaspididae), and more significantly, Pseudomegachasma, gen. nov., would represent the oldest known plankton-feeding elasmobranch in the fossil record. The present fossil record suggests that Pseudomegachasma, gen. nov., evolved in a relatively shallow-water environment in Russia in the early Cenomanian or earlier and subsequently migrated to the North American Western Interior Seaway by the mid-Cenomanian.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D5D0400FD438-4A95-8301-DD47991572F6SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
A simple robust controller for hysteresis and resonance compensation of piezoelectric actuators
Creators: name: Zheng, Jinchuan
name: Fu, Minyue
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Hysteresis and resonance dynamics are typical adverse effects associated with the piezoelectric (PZT) actuators. To eliminate the loss of positioning accuracy due to these effects, we propose a simple two degree-of-freedom (2DOF) control scheme for the PZT actuators, which consists of a feedforward and a feedback compensator for hysteresis and resonance compensation and for robust step reference tracking. Despite the proposed controller is on par with the existing 2DOF control methods, its specific structure offers significant design simplicity. The experimental results on an actual PZT nanopositioner show that the designed controller can be easily implemented and achieve superior performance for hysteresis and resonance compensation.
The Impact of Mixed Modes on Multiple Types of Measurement Error
Creators: name: Cernat, Alexandru
name: Sakshaug, Joseph
Publisher: name: Survey Research Methods
Year: 2020

description: Mixed mode designs are becoming standard in the collection of survey data. Despite this, there are still unknowns regarding how mode (e.g., Web) or mode design (e.g., sequential mixed mode) impacts measurement error. Previous research has been limited by the confounding of selection and measurement mode effects and the investigation of only one type of measurement error at a time. In this paper, we use three waves of the Understanding Society Innovation Panel to investigate whether single-mode versus sequential mixed-mode and Web versus face-to-face modes have different impacts on measurement error. We make use of a quasi-experimental design that randomly allocated respondents to either a unimode face-to-face interview or a sequential mixed-mode (Web and face-to-face) design. Through this design, we implement a new multitrait-multierror model that estimates social desirability, acquiescence, and method effects simultaneously. The results show no differences in measurement error between single modes and mode designs with respect to acquiescence and method effect but some differences are found for social desirability. We discuss the practical implications of these findings and their possible causes in conclusion.
description: Survey Research Methods, Vol 14 No 1 (2020)
Spinodal decomposition and the emergence of dissipative transient periodic spatio-temporal patterns in acentrosomal microtubule multitudes of different morphology
Creators: name: Buljan, Vlado A.
name: Damian Holsinger, R. M.
name: Brown, D.
name: Bohorquez-Florez, J. J.
name: Hambly, B. D.
name: Delikatny, E. J.
name: Ivanova, Elena
name: Banati, R. B.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: We have studied a spontaneous self-organization dynamics in a closed, dissipative (in terms of guansine 5′-triphosphate energy dissipation), reaction-diffusion system of acentrosomal microtubules (those nucleated and organized in the absence of a microtubule organizing centre) multitude constituted of straight and curved acentrosomal microtubules, in highly crowded conditions, in vitro. Our data give experimental evidence that cross-diffusion in conjunction with excluded volume is the underlying mechanism on basis of which acentrosomal microtubule multitudes of different morphologies (straight and curved) undergo a spatial-temporal demix. Demix is constituted of a bifurcation process, manifested as a slow isothermal spinodal decomposition, and a dissipative process of transient periodic spatio-temporal pattern formation. While spinodal decomposition is an energy independent process, transient periodic spatio-temporal pattern formation is accompanied by energy dissipative process. Accordingly, we have determined that the critical threshold for slow, isothermal spinodal decomposition is 1.0 ± 0.05 mg/ml of microtubule protein concentration. We also found that periodic spacing of transient periodic spatio-temporal patterns was, in the overall, increasing versus time. For illustration, we found that a periodic spacing of the same pattern was 0.375 ± 0.036 mm, at 36 °C, at 155th min, while it was 0.540 ± 0.041 mm at 31 °C, and at 275th min after microtubule assembly started. The lifetime of transient periodic spatio-temporal patterns spans from half an hour to two hours approximately. The emergence of conditions of macroscopic symmetry breaking (that occur due to cross-diffusion in conjunction with excluded volume) may have more general but critical importance in morphological pattern development in complex, dissipative, but open cellular systems.
CONVErT: A framework for complex model visualisation and transformation
Creators: name: Avazpour, Iman
name: Grundy, John
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Model Driven Engineering (MDE) has become a commonly used approach in software engineering. It promotes using models as primary artefacts and proposes methods for transforming them to desired software products. However, the specification of models and their transformations in MDE with current techniques is not user-friendly, due to excessive use of high level abstract models and textual representation of transformation languages. This paper briefly describes CONVErT, an approach and tool developed for user-centric transformation generation using concrete model visualisations.
MDSE@R: Model-driven security engineering at runtime
Creators: name: Abdelrazek, Mohamed
name: Grundy, John
name: Ibrahim, Amani S.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: New security threats arise frequently and impact on enterprise software security requirements. However, most existing security engineering approaches focus on capturing and enforcing security requirements at design time. Many do not address how a system should be adapted to cope with new unanticipated security requirements that arise at runtime. We describe a new approach - Model Driven Security Engineering at Runtime (MDSE@R) - enabling security engineers to dynamically specify and enforce system security requirements based on current needs. We introduce a new domain-specific visual language to model customer security requirements in a given application. Moreover, we introduce a new UML profile to help capturing system architectural characteristics along with security specifications mapped to system entities. Our MDSE@R toolset supports refinement and merger of these visual models and uses model-driven engineering to take the merged model and specify security controls to be enforced on the target system components. A combination of interceptors (via generated configurations) and injected code (using aspect-oriented programming) are used to integrate the specified security controls within the target system. We describe MDSE@R, give an example of using it in securing an ERP system, describe its implementation, and discuss an evaluation of applying MDSE@R on a set of open source applications.
title: „Wir leben auf dem Meer wie auf einer anderen Erde“. Nachtrag in Ida Dehmels Tagebuch einer Weltreise an Bord der „Reliance“ 1936
Creators: name: Vogel, Carolin
Publisher: name: Institut für die Geschichte der deutschen Juden
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Kunst und Kultur
subject: Freizeit und Sport

description: Die Kunstförderin Ida Dehmel (1870–1942) führte 1936 ein Tagebuch über ihre Weltreise an Bord des Kreuzfahrtschiffes „Reliance“. Am 11.6.1936, nach der Rückkehr in ihr Haus in Blankenese, notierte sie einen Nachtrag. Auf dieser letzten Seite beschreibt sie das Glücksgefühl, das sie auf dem Meer empfand und thematisiert den für sie wesentlichen Unterschied zum vertrauten Land. Zum Zeitpunkt der Niederschrift hatte die Reichsschrifttumskammer Ida Dehmel eine eigene schriftstellerische Tätigkeit bereits verboten. Von dem kurzen Tagebuch, das über Zielorte der sechsmonatigen Reise berichtet, existieren mehrere maschinenschriftliche Exemplare auf dünnem Papier, vermutlich Abschriften eines handschriftlichen Originals, die in marmorierte Deckel gebunden sind und in privaten Kreisen verblieben. Seereisen waren für die aus jüdischem Elternhaus stammende Kunstfreundin Ida Dehmel eine Möglichkeit, der Ausgrenzung im nationalsozialistischen Hamburg zumindest auf Zeit zu entfliehen und sich abzulenken. Emigration kam für sie nicht in Betracht. Ihr Nachtrag im Tagebuch ist Zeugnis einer Vergnügungsreise im Angesicht der Gefahr.
title: “We live upon the sea as if in another world.” An Addendum to Ida Dehmel’s Diary of her Round the World Trip aboard the “Reliance” 1936
Creators: name: Vogel, Carolin
Publisher: name: Institute for the History of the German Jews
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Arts and Culture
subject: Leisure and Sports

description: The patron of the arts, Ida Dehmel (1870–1942), kept a diary during her round the world trip on board the cruiser “Reliance”in 1936. On June 11, 1936, upon her return home to Blankenese, she jotted down an addendum. On this final page she describes the sense of happiness which she felt on the sea and addressed what for her was its essential difference from familiar land. At the time of her writing, the Reich Literature Chamber had banned Ida Dehmel from pursuing independent activity as an author. The brief diary that reports on the destinations during her six-month journey exists in several typewritten copies on thin paper, presumably transcriptions of handwritten originals, bound in marbled covers, that have remained in private hands. For Ida Dehmel, a friend of the arts who came from a Jewish home, sea travels offered the possibility of distracting herself and escaping, at least temporarily, the ostracism of National Socialist Hamburg. Emigration was never a consideration for her. The addendum to the diary bears witness to a pleasure trip in the face of danger.
Dimensions and descriptors of Teachers' Digital Competence (DETECT Project)
Creators: name: Guitert, Montse
name: Romeu, Teresa
name: Romero, Marc
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Teachers' digital competence
Online training
Edul@b

description: Table with the dimensions and descriptors of Teachers' Digital Competence defined for the development of an online seminar in te framework of the european project DEvelop COmpetences in Digital Era. Expertise, best practices and teaching in the XXI century (DECODE). European Comission, Program: H2020, 2016-1-IT02-KA201-024234.
Innovative Aircraft Design – Options for a New Medium Range Aircraft
Creators: name: Scholz, Dieter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: aircraft
design
optimization
Airbus
A320
fuel
economics
COC
DOC
costs
wing
take-off
landing
laminar flow
NLF
box wing aircraft
BWA
turboprop
biplane
box wing
winglets
drag
airport
span
ICAO
aerolectures2015
2015
aerolectures
Prof. Scholz @ Zenodo

description: Task was to find an innovative aircraft design for a new medium range aircraft. The aircraft design methodology is based on equations (in contrast to numeric methods) and formal optimization with a genetic algorithm called differential evolution. Airbus has postponed an all-new A320 to 2025 or even 2030. This allows including also unconventional configurations into the search. Economic requirements are extreme: 25 % to 40 % reduction in fuel consumption, 35 % reduction in Cash Operating Costs. To achieve this, all aircraft design parameters have to be open for discussion. An aircraft called "The Rebel" is prepared to go to extreme parameters: low cruise speed, high wing span and long take-off and landing distance. Without new technologies it achieves 36 % reduced fuel consumption. The "Smart Turboprop" stays in conventional limits with its parameters, but makes use of a braced wing with natural laminar flow. It also achieves 36 % reduced fuel consumption plus a 17 % reduction in Direct Operating Costs (DOC). In addition, several Box Wing Aircraft where designed: Diamond Box Wing and Biplane Box Wing as Wide Body and alternatively as Slender Body. The Biplane Box Wing shows overall advantages due to its conventional tail. The details of Box Wing Aircraft design where mastered, but the Direct Operating Costs of the Box Wing Aircraft turned out to be higher than those of the A320 reference. This leaves the "Smart Turboprop" as the proposed configuration for an Airbus A320 replacement. As a short term measure, it is proposed to offer a horizontal wing tip extension as an option for the A320neo instead of the winglets. An extension with the same length as the winglet height offers far greater drag reduction. Airports will tolerate and accommodate some aircraft with a wing span above the ICAO limit in Class C of 36 m.
description: Hamburg Aerospace Lecture Series --- Collection of Presentations --- http://www.AeroLectures.de
Torrenticola rangareddyi Pesic & Smit 2019
Creators: name: GuK, Xin-yao
name: LiK, Hai-tao
name: JinK, Dao-chao
name: GuoK, Jian-jun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Torrenticolidae
Torrenticola
Torrenticola rangareddyi

description: Torrenticola rangareddyi Pešić & Smit, 2019
(Figures 6–7)
 Torrenticola turkestanica Pešić & Smit, 2009: 50.
 Torrenticola rangareddyi Pešić & Smit, 2019: 1872.
description: Published as part of GuK, Xin-yao, LiK, Hai-tao, JinK, Dao-chao & GuoK, Jian-jun, 2024, The second species of Testudacarus and one new record of Torrenticola for the Chinese fauna (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Torrenticolidae), pp. 18-31 in Acarologia 64 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.24349/a3di-wcie, http://zenodo.org/record/10787047
Letter, John J. Mullen to Community, New York State Against Jamesport/Shoreham West, May 11, 1978
Creators: name: Mullen, John J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Nuclear power plants
Power plants
Petitions
Correspondence

description: This letter written by John J. Mullen of New York State Against Jamesport/Shoreham West to the Eastern Long Island Community expresses concerns and updates regarding the petition and protest of the LILCO Nuclear Power Plant. He enclosed a copy of the fourth edition of New York State Against Jamesport/Shoreham West newspaper, in which these important nuclear stories appeared.
Rhizosphere assembly alters along a chronosequence in the Hallstätter glacier forefield (Dachstein, Austria)
Creators: name: Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi
name: Mora, Maximilian
name: Bickel, Samuel
name: Berg, Christian
name: Kühn, Ingolf
name: Cernava, Tomislav
name: Berg, Gabriele
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 570

description: Rhizosphere microbiome assembly is essential for plant health, but the temporal dimension of this process remains unexplored. We used a chronosequence of 150 years of the retreating Hallstätter glacier (Dachstein, Austria) to disentangle this exemplarily for the rhizosphere of three pioneer alpine plants. Time of deglaciation was an important factor shaping the rhizosphere microbiome. Microbiome functions, i.e. nutrient uptake and stress protection, were carried out by ubiquitous and cosmopolitan bacteria. The rhizosphere succession along the chronosequence was characterized by decreasing microbial richness but increasing specificity of the plant-associated bacterial community. Environmental selection is a critical factor in shaping the ecosystem, particularly in terms of plant-driven recruitment from the available edaphic pool. A higher rhizosphere microbial richness during early succession compared to late succession can be explained by the occurrence of cold-acclimated bacteria recruited from the surrounding soils. These taxa might be sensitive to changing habitat conditions that occurred at the later stages. A stronger influence of the plant host on the rhizosphere microbiome assembly was observed with increased time since deglaciation. Overall, this study indicated that well-adapted, ubiquitous microbes potentially support pioneer plants to colonize new ecosystems, while plant-specific microbes may be associated with the long-term establishment of their hosts.
Rapamycin alleviates pathogenesis of a new Drosophila model of ALS-TDP
Creators: name: Ching-Wei Cheng
name: Meng-Jau Lin
name: Che-Kun James Shen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Physiology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biochemistry

description: TDP-43 is a multi-functional RNA/DNA-binding protein, well-conserved among many species including mammals and Drosophila. However, it is also a major component of the pathological inclusions associated with degenerating motor neurons of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Further, TDP-43 is a signature protein in one subtype of frontotemporal degeneration, FTLD-U. Currently, there are no effective drugs for these neurodegenerative diseases. We describe the generation and characterization of a new fly model of ALS-TDP with transgenic expression of the Drosophila ortholog of TDP-43, dTDP, in adult flies under the control of a temperature-sensitive motor neuron-specific GAL4, thus bypassing the deleterious effect of dTDP during development. Diminished lifespan as well as impaired locomotor activities of the flies following induction of dTDP overexpression have been observed. Dissection of the T1/T2 region of the thoracic ganglia has revealed loss of these neurons. To counter the defects in this fly model of ALS-TDP, we have examined the therapeutic effects of the autophagy activator, rapamycin. Although harmful to the control flies, administration of 400 μM rapamycin before the induction of dTDP overexpression can significantly reduce the number of neurons bearing dTDP (+) aggregates, as well as partially rescue the diminished lifespan and locomotive defects of the ALS-TDP flies. Furthermore, we identify S6K, a downstream mediator of the TOR pathway, as one genetic modifier of dTDP. In sum, this Drosophila model of ALS-TDP under temporal and spatial control presents a useful new genetic tool for the screening and validation of therapeutic drugs for ALS. Furthermore, the data support our previous finding that autophagy activators including rapamycin are potential therapeutic drugs for the progression of neurodegenerative diseases with TDP-43 proteinopathies.
title: Research and development intensive clusters and regional competitiveness
Creators: name: Kosfeld, Reinhold
name: Mitze, Timo
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: cluster diversity
subject: cluster specialization
subject: industry clusters
subject: productivity growth
subject: regional competitiveness
subject: 330
subject: Produktivitätszuwachs
subject: Wettbewerbsfähigkeit
subject: Regionalwirtschaft
subject: Cluster

description: Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEAL
A new approach to three-dimensional microstructure reconstruction of a polycrystalline solar cell using high-efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2
Creators: name: Song, Chang-Yun
name: Maiberg, Matthias
name: Kempa, Heiko
name: Witte, Wolfram
name: Hariskos, Dimitrios
name: Abou-Ras, Daniel
name: Möller, Birgit
name: Scheer, Roland
name: Gholinia, Ali
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 530

description: A new method for efficiently converting electron backscatter diffraction data obtained using serial sectioning by focused ion beam of a polycrystalline thin film into a computational, three-dimensional (3D) structure is presented. The reported data processing method results in a more accurate representation of the grain surfaces, reduced computer memory usage, and improved processing speed compared to traditional voxel methods. The grain structure of a polycrystalline absorption layer from a high-efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell (19.5%) is reconstructed in 3D and the grain size and surface distribution is investigated. The grain size distribution is found to be best fitted by a log-normal distribution. We further find that the grain size is determined by the [Ga]/([Ga] + [In]) ratio in vertical direction, which was measured by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy. Finally, the 3D model derived from the structural information is applied in optoelectronic simulations, revealing insights into the effects of grain boundary recombination on the open-circuit voltage of the solar cell. An accurate 3D structure like the one obtained with our method is a prerequisite for a detailed understanding of mechanical properties and for advanced optical and electronic simulations of polycrystalline thin films.
Imprint of f (R) gravity on nonlinear structure formation
Creators: name: Achitouv, Ixandra
name: Baldi, Marco
name: Puchwein, Ewald
name: Weller, Jochen
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: We test the imprint of f(R) modified gravity on the halo mass function, using N-body simulations and a theoretical model developed in [M. Kopp et al., Phys. Rev. D 88, 084015 (2013)]. We find a good agreement between theory and simulations ∼5%. We extend the theoretical model to the conditional mass function and apply it to the prediction of the linear halo bias in f(R) gravity. Using the halo model we obtain a prediction for the nonlinear matter power spectrum accurate to ∼10% at z=0 and up to k=2h/Mpc. We also study halo profiles for the f(R) models and find a deviation from the standard general relativity (GR) result up to 40%, depending on the halo masses and redshift. This has not been pointed out in previous analysis. Finally we study the number density and profiles of voids identified in these f(R) N-body simulations. We underline the effect of the bias and the sampling to identify voids. We find significant deviation from GR when measuring the f(R) void profiles with fR0<-10-6.
Inconsistencies in Simple Thermal Model Results for Near-Earth Asteroids between Infrared Telescope Facility SpeX and NEOWISE Data
Creators: name: Myers, Samuel A.
name: Howell, Ellen S.
name: Magri, Christopher
name: Vervack, Ronald J.
name: Fernández, Yanga R.
name: Hinkle, Mary L.
name: Marshall, Sean E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the properties of near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) is key for many aspects of planetary science, particularly planetary defense. Our current knowledge of NEA sizes and regolith properties is heavily dependent on simple thermal models. These models are often used to analyze data from missions such as NEOWISE because they are well suited to deal with large volumes of data. However, simple model results based on NEOWISE data may be inconsistent with results based on other types of observation in some cases. In this work, we seek to better understand these potential inconsistencies, as well as the situations for which they are most prevalent. We do this by comparing simple model results based on Infrared Telescope Facility SpeX data to similar results based on NEOWISE data. This is carried out for six NEAs that represent a range of spectral types, shapes, and rotation states. We find that models based on SpeX and NEOWISE data for these six objects are inconsistent in some cases, even though the SpeX results are consistent with other methods and observations. We find that objects observed at fainter magnitudes and objects with more primitive compositions are more likely to produce inconsistent fits. These results highlight the importance of better understanding the limitations of simple models as applied to large survey data sets like NEOWISE. This is particularly true as we move into an era where our understanding of the NEA population will be dominated by future large surveys such as NEO Surveyor.
description: 29 pages, 16 figures
SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES AND THEIR HOST SPHEROIDS. III. THEMBH–nsphCORRELATION
Creators: name: Savorgnan, Giulia
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: The Sérsic Rn1model is the best approximation known to date for describing the light distribution of stellar spheroidal and disk components, with the Sérsic index n providing a direct measure of the central radial concentration of stars. The Sérsic index of a galaxy’s spheroidal component, n sph, has been shown to tightly correlate with the mass of the central supermassive black hole, M BH. The–Mn
BH sph correlation is also expected from other two well known scaling relations involving the spheroid luminosity, L sph: the–Ln sph sph and the –ML BH sph. Obtaining an accurate estimate of the spheroid Sérsic index requires a careful modeling of a galaxy’s light distribution and some studies have failed to recover a statistically significant–Mn BH sph correlation. With the aim of re-investigating the –Mn BH sph and other black hole mass scaling relations, we performed a detailed
(i.e., bulge, disks, bars, spiral arms, rings, halo, nucleus, etc.) decomposition of 66 galaxies, with directly measured black hole masses, that had been imaged at 3.6 μ m with Spitzer. In this paper, the
third of this series, we present an analysis of the –L n sph sph and –Mn BH sph diagrams. While early-type (elliptical+lenticular) and late-type (spiral) galaxies split into two separate relations in the
–L n sph sph and – ML BH sph diagrams, they reunite into a single μ Mn BH sph 3.39 0.1 5
sequence with relatively small intrinsic scatter ( 0.25 de x ). The black hole mass appears to be closely related to the spheroid central concentration of stars, which mirrors the inner gradient of the spheroid gravitational potential.
Evolocumab-based LDL-C management in high and very high cardiovascular risk patients in German clinical practice : the HEYMANS study
Creators: name: Lehrke, Michael
name: Vogt, Anja
name: Schettler, Volker
name: Girndt, Matthias
name: Fraass, Uwe
name: Tabbert-Zitzler, Anja
name: Bridges, Ian
name: Dhalwani, Nafeesa N.
name: Ray, Kausik K.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Introduction: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is among the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In very high-risk patients, the European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society guidelines recommend attaining LDL-C < 55 mg/dL. In the German cohort of the observational HEYMANS study, we aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and LDL-C control among patients initiating evolocumab. Methods: Data was collected between 09/2016 and 05/2021 for ≤ 6 months before (retrospectively) and ≤ 30 months after evolocumab initiation (prospectively). Patient characteristics, lipid-lowering therapy (LLT), lipid values, evolocumab use, and safety were collected. Results: Of 380 enrolled patients, 93% received evolocumab in secondary prevention and 69% had a history of statin intolerance. At study baseline, 49% did not receive any statins and LDL-C was very high (145 mg/dL). Use of evolocumab decreased LDL-C by a median of 53% within 3 months and remained stable thereafter, despite mainly unchanged background LLT. Overall, 59% attained an LDL-C level < 55 mg/dL (69% with, 49% without LLT). Persistence to evolocumab was 90.6% in months 1–12 and 93.5% in months 13–30. Adverse drug reactions were reported in 8% of patients. Conclusion: Data from the German HEYMANS cohort corroborate previous reports on evolocumab effectiveness and safety in clinical practice. Evolocumab initiation was associated with a rapid and sustained LDL-C reduction. Persistence with evolocumab was high. Our finding that patients receiving an evolocumab/LLT combination are more likely to attain the LDL-C goal than those receiving evolocumab alone corroborates previous data showing the importance of using highly intensive therapy. Graphical abstract available for this article.
Correlation of increased soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 with mortality and dependence on treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer patients : a longitudinal cohort study
Creators: name: Hassan, Lamiaa
name: Bedir, Ahmed
name: Kraus, Frank Bernhard
name: Ostheimer, Christian
name: Vordermark, Dirk
name: Mikolajczyk, Rafael
name: Seliger, Barbara
name: Medenwald, Daniel
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Background: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a multipotent cytokine involved in inflammation and anti-tumor activity. TNF-𝛼 exerts its function upon binding to TNF-receptor 1 (TNF-R1) and TNF-receptor 2 (TNF-R2). This study investigates the relationship of soluble (s) TNF-R1 levels in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with treatment and overall survival. Methods: In total, 134 NSCLC patients treated at the Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg between 2017 and 2019 were included in this study. Serum levels of sTNF-R1 were measured via ELISA at baseline and during and after treatment. A linear mixed-effects model was used to assess sTNF-R1 changes over time. Linear regression was applied to investigate the association between clinical characteristics and changes in sTNF-R1. Cox regression models were used to estimate associations with overall mortality. Results: The estimated average sTNFR-1 at baseline was 2091.71 pg/mL, with a change of 6.19 pg/mL per day. Cox models revealed that the individual change in sTNF-R1 was more strongly associated with mortality than its baseline value, especially after adjusting for covariates. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the individual change in sTNF-R1 levels during and after treatment were associated with the risk of mortality, suggesting the use of the sTNF-R1 trajectory as a prognostic marker.
Spatial variability in herbaceous plant phenology is mostly explained by variability in temperature but also by photoperiod and functional traits
Creators: name: Rauschkolb, Robert
name: Hensen, Isabell
name: Plos, Carolin
name: Rosche, Christoph
name: Sporbert, Maria
name: Träger, Sabrina
name: [Und Viele Weitere]
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 580

description: Whereas temporal variability of plant phenology in response to climate change has already been well studied, the spatial variability of phenology is not well understood. Given that phenological shifts may affect biotic interactions, there is a need to investigate how the variability in environmental factors relates to the spatial variability in herbaceous species’ phenology by at the same time considering their functional traits to predict their general and species-specific responses to future climate change. In this project, we analysed phenology records of 148 herbaceous species, which were observed for a single year by the PhenObs network in 15 botanical gardens. For each species, we characterised the spatial variability in six different phenological stages across gardens. We used boosted regression trees to link these variabilities in phenology to the variability in environmental parameters (temperature, latitude and local habitat conditions) as well as species traits (seed mass, vegetative height, specific leaf area and temporal niche) hypothesised to be related to phenology variability. We found that spatial variability in the phenology of herbaceous species was mainly driven by the variability in temperature but also photoperiod was an important driving factor for some phenological stages. In addition, we found that early-flowering and less competitive species characterised by small specific leaf area and vegetative height were more variable in their phenology. Our findings contribute to the field of phenology by showing that besides temperature, photoperiod and functional traits are important to be included when spatial variability of herbaceous species is investigated.
The safety of polymyxin antibiotics
Creators: name: Kelesidis, Theodoros
name: Falagas, Matthew E
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Medicine

description: Introduction: The emergence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria has led to the increasing use of polymyxins. Nephrotoxicity and, to a lesser degree, neurotoxicity occur often during systemic polymyxin therapy. Scientific evidence regarding safety associated with polymyxins remains limited.Areas covered: Case reports/case series, observational studies and clinical trials assessing safety and toxicity of polymyxins were critically reviewed.Expert opinion: Polymyxins are drugs with a narrow therapeutic range. Nephrotoxicity is associated with both host factors and polymyxin exposure, and recent studies suggest that the relative risk of nephrotoxicity is similar for colistin and polymyxin B. Studies that have examined the safety of polymyxins have several limitations. Considering the available evidence, toxicities that may develop while on polymyxin therapy most often are mild to moderate in magnitude and reversible in nature. Strategies to minimize toxicity associated with polymyxins have evolved and include avoidance of toxic medications, careful dosing, use of critical care, therapeutic drug monitoring and development of polymyxin derivatives. However, given that polymyxin use has re-emerged in an era of increased antimicrobial resistance, the presence of other treatment modalities may be limited. Therefore, clinicians must consider overall risk to benefit ratio of continuing versus stopping polymyxin treatment and optimize minimization strategies to reduce polymyxin-induced toxicities.
In vitro and in vivo antitrypanosomal activity of the fresh leaves of Ranunculus Multifidus Forsk and its major compound anemonin against Trypanosoma congolense field isolate
Creators: name: Sirak, Betelhem
name: Kassahun Bizuneh, Gizachew
name: Imming, Peter
name: Asres, Kaleab
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 615

description: Background: Animal trypanosomiasis is a major livestock problem due to its socioeconomic impacts in tropical countries. Currently used trypanocides are toxic, expensive, and the parasites have developed resistance to the existing drugs, which calls for an urgent need of new effective and safe chemotherapeutic agents from alternative sources such as medicinal plants. In Ethiopian traditional medicine fresh leaves of Ranunculus multifidus Forsk, are used for the treatment of animal trypanosomiasis. The present study aimed to evaluate the antitrypanosomal activity of the fresh leaves of R. multifidus and its major compound anemonin against Trypanosoma congolense field isolate. Methods: Fresh leaves of R. multifidus were extracted by maceration with 80% methanol and hydro-distillation to obtain the corresponding extracts. Anemonin was isolated from the hydro-distilled extract by preparative TLC. For the in vitro assay, 0.1, 0.4, 2 and 4 mg/ml of the test substances were incubated with parasites and cessation or drop in motility of the parasites was monitored for a total duration of 1 h. In the in vivo assay, the test substances were administered intraperitoneally daily for 7 days to mice infected with Trypanosoma congolense. Diminazene aceturate and 1% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Results: Both extracts showed antitrypanosomal activity although the hydro-distilled extract demonstrated superior activity compared to the hydroalcoholic extract. At a concentration of 4 mg/ml, the hydro-distilled extract drastically reduced motility of trypanosomes within 20 min. Similarly, anemonin at the same concentration completely immobilized trypanosomes within 5 min of incubation, while diminazene aceturate (28.00 mg/kg/day) immobilized the parasites within 10 min. In the in vivo antitrypanosomal assay, anemonin eliminates parasites at all the tested doses (8.75, 17.00 and 35.00 mg/kg/day) and prevented relapse, while in diminazene aceturate-treated mice the parasites reappeared on days 12 to 14. Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that the fresh leaves of R. multifidus possess genuine antitrypanosomal activity supporting the use of the plant for the treatment of animal trypanosomiasis in traditional medicine. Furthermore, anemonin appears to be responsible for the activity suggesting its potential as a scaffold for the development of safe and cost effective antitrypanosomal agent.
A wild barley nested association mapping population shows a wide variation for yield-associated traits to be used for breeding in Australian environment
Creators: name: Pham, Anh-Tung
name: Maurer, Andreas
name: Pillen, Klaus
name: Nguyen, Trung Dzung
name: Taylor, Julian
name: Coventry, Stewart
name: Eglinton, Jason K.
name: March, Timothy J.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 580

description: This study aimed to identify wild barley alleles controlling grain size and weight with the potential to improve barley yield in Australia and worldwide. The HEB-25 nested association mapping population was used, which samples 25 different wild barley accessions in a ‘Barke’ genetic background. The HEB-25 population was evaluated in field conditions at Strathalbyn in South Australia in 2015 and 2016. Seven yield component traits reflecting ear length, grain number per ear and grain dimension were measured. Among 114 quantitative trait loci (QTL) identified for the seven traits in both years, many co-localise with known genes controlling flowering and spike morphology. There were 18 QTL hotspots associated with four loci or more, of which one at the beginning of chromosome 5H had wild alleles that increased both grain number per ear and thousand-grain weight. A wide range of effects was found for wild alleles for each trait across all QTL identified, providing a rich source of genetic diversity that barley breeders can exploit to enhance barley yield.
Predicting soil properties for agricultural land in the caucasus mountains using mid-infrared spectroscopy
Creators: name: Mammadov, Elton
name: Denk, Michael
name: Mamedov, Amrakh I.
name: Gläßer, Cornelia
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 555

description: Visible-near infrared (Vis-NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy are increasingly being used for the fast determination of soil properties. The aim of this study was (i) to test the use of MIR spectra (Agilent 4300 FTIR Handheld spectrometer) for the prediction of soil properties and (ii) to compare the prediction performances of MIR spectra and Vis-NIR (ASD FieldSpecPro) spectra; the Vis-NIR data were adopted from a previous study. Both the MIR and Vis-NIR spectra were coupled with partial least squares regression, different pre-processing techniques, and the same 114 soil samples, collected from the agricultural land located between boreal forests and semi-arid steppe belts (Kastanozems). The prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.70–0.99) of both techniques was similar for most of the soil properties assessed. However, (i) the MIR spectra were superior for estimating CaCO3, pH, SOC, sand, Ca, Mg, Cd, Fe, Mn, and Pb. (ii) The Vis-NIR spectra provided better results for silt, clay, and K, and (iii) the hygroscopic water content, Cu, P, and Zn were poorly predicted by both methods. The importance of the applied pre-processing techniques was evident, and among others, the first derivative spectra produced more reliable predictions for 11 of the 17 soil properties analyzed. The spectrally active CaCO3 had a dominant contribution in the MIR predictions of spectrally inactive soil properties, followed by SOC and Fe, whereas particle sizes and hygroscopic water content appeared as confounding factors. The estimation of spectrally inactive soil properties was carried out by considering their secondary correlation with carbonates, clay minerals, and organic matter. The soil information covered by the MIR spectra was more meaningful than that covered by the Vis-NIR spectra, while both displayed similar capturing mechanisms. Both the MIR and Vis-NIR spectra seized the same soil information, which may appear as a limiting factor for combining both spectral ranges. The interpretation of MIR spectra allowed us to differentiate non-carbonated and carbonated samples corresponding to carbonate leaching and accumulation zones associated with topography and land use. The prediction capability of the MIR spectra and the content of nutrient elements was highly related to soil-forming factors in the study area, which highlights the importance of local (site-specific) prediction models.
Nearest Neighbor Normalization Improves Multimodal Retrieval
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Neil
name: Wang, Franklin
name: Shenoy, Sumedh
name: Kiela, Douwe
name: Schwettmann, Sarah
name: Thrush, Tristan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multimodal models leverage large-scale pre-training to achieve strong but still imperfect performance on tasks such as image captioning, visual question answering, and cross-modal retrieval. In this paper, we present a simple and efficient method for correcting errors in trained contrastive image-text retrieval models with no additional training, called Nearest Neighbor Normalization (NNN). We show an improvement on retrieval metrics in both text retrieval and image retrieval for all of the contrastive models that we tested (CLIP, BLIP, ALBEF, SigLIP, BEiT) and for both of the datasets that we used (MS-COCO and Flickr30k). NNN requires a reference database, but does not require any training on this database, and can even increase the retrieval accuracy of a model after finetuning.