Urostylididae Dallas 1851
Creators: name: Grazia, Jocelia
name: Schuh, Randall T.
name: Wheeler, Ward C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Urostylididae

description: <i>UROSTYLIDIDAE Dallas, sensu stricto</i> Historical: The systematic position of this family has been ambiguous over time, as was stressed by Schuh and Slater (1995). Singh-Pruthi (1925) related it to the Acanthosomatidae. Yang (1938a,b, 1939) and Pendergrast (1957) related it to the Pyrrhocoridae, and Miyamoto (1961) to the Pentatomidae. Kumar (1971) believed that the group represented an early divergence from the other pentatomomorphans, possibly together with the Pyrrhocoridae, with which they share uniquely the fused 2nd valvifers that form an M- or W-shaped sclerite. As Gapud (1991) did not provide an illustration of what he considered as separate 2nd valvifers, we conclude that he erroneously interpreted the 2nd valvifers in the species of Urostylididae that he studied. Berger et al. (2001) proposed the emended spelling Urostylididae, in order to remove the homonymy between the heteropteran family name and Urostylidae Bütschli (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia). <i>Analytical result:</i> The treatment of the Urostylididae as the basal grouping within the Pentatomoidea by Gapud (1991) is a position supported by our morphological analyses (Figs 42–44) and combined analyses under an unweighted equal costs regime (Figs 51 and 53). Under unequal costs, <i>Urochela</i> is dissociated from <i>Urostylus</i> and moved up to a more central position within the pentatomoid cladogram. Characters supporting the treatment of the Urostylididae <i>sensu strico</i> as the sister group of all remaining Pentatomoidea are listed below in the Conclusions. The monophyly of the Urostylididae <i>sensu strico</i> is recognized in our analysis by the presence of a stridulitrum on A 1 in the hind wing (221) and the presence of bristles on the claws (311). Additionally, gonocoxites 9 (in females) form an Mor W-shaped sclerite (465; Fig. 28), which we suggest argues for its treatment at the family level.
description: Published as part of <i>Grazia, Jocelia, Schuh, Randall T. &amp; Wheeler, Ward C., 2008, Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera), pp. 932-976 in Cladistics 24</i> on pages 963-964, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00224.x, http://zenodo.org/record/3968591
description: {"references": ["Schuh, R. T., Slater, J. A., 1995. True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.", "Singh-Pruthi, H., 1925. The morphology of the male genitalia in Rhynchota. Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1925, 127 - 267.", "Yang, We. - Y., 1938 a. A new method for the classification of urostilyd insects. Bull. Fan. Inst. Biol. Peking 8, 35 - 48.", "Yang, We. - Y., 1939. A revision of Chinese urostilyd insects (Heteroptera). Bull. Fan. Inst. Biol. Peking 9, 5 - 66.", "Pendergrast, J. G., 1957. Studies on the reproductive organs of Heteroptera with a consideration of their bearing on classification. Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 109, 1 - 63.", "Miyamoto, S., 1961. Comparative morphology of alimentary organs of Heteroptera, with the phylogenetic consideration. Sieboldia 2, 197 - 259, pls. 20 - 49.", "Kumar, R., 1971. Morphology and relationships of the Pentatomoidea (Heteroptera). 5 - Urostylidae. Am. Midl. Nat. 85, 63 - 73.", "Gapud, V., 1991. A generic revision of the subfamily Asopinae with consideration of its phylogenetic position in the family Pentatomidae and superfamily Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Philippine Entomol. 8, 865 - 961.", "Berger, H., Heiss, E., Kerzhner, I. M., 2001. Removal of homonymy between Urostylidae Dallas, 1851 (Insecta, Heteroptera) and Urostylidae Butschli, 1889 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia). Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 103 (B), 301 - 302."]}