title: ÐÐ°ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ° ÑÐµÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐºÑÐ° ÐºÑÐ»ÑÑÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð½Ð°ÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Parametric Energy-Efficient Optimization of the Project for the Reconstruction of a Cultural Heritage Object
Creators: name: ÐÐ°ÑÐ°ÐµÐ²Ð°, Ð¥ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2023
Subjects: Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ
ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾ÑÐ±ÐµÑÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ
ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ
Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ
bem
bim
hbim
ÑÐµÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ñ
ÑÐµÑÑÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ±ÐµÑÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ
ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ
Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ
Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸
Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐºÑÑ ÐºÑÐ»ÑÑÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð½Ð°ÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ
Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð½Ð¾Ð·Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ
ÑÐ¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÐ¼Ð¸
ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ
information modeLling
energy conservation
energy modelling
optimization
reconstruction
resource conservation
energy efficiency
design
innovation
cultural heritage objects
information modelling
forecasting
data management
energy consumption

description: Ð¢ÐµÐ¼Ð° Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ: Â«ÐÐ°ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ° ÑÐµÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐºÑÐ° ÐºÑÐ»ÑÑÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð½Ð°ÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¸ÑÂ». 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ÐÑÐµÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ°, Ð´.8, ÑÑÑ.1Â» Ð½Ð° ÑÑÐ°Ð¿Ðµ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ ÑÐµÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ð¸.ÐÑÐµÐ´Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð¼ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ²Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÑ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ° ÑÐµÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐºÑÐ° ÐºÑÐ»ÑÑÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð½Ð°ÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ.ÐÐ°Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ:ÐÐ·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐµÐºÑÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÑÑÐ²Ð° Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐºÑÐ¾Ð² ÐºÑÐ»ÑÑÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð½Ð°ÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð² ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸.ÐÐ½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐºÑÐ° Ð¸ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ ÐºÐ»Ð°ÑÑÐ° ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ.Ð Ð°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ° Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¸ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹ Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð° ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸.Ð Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐµ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¸ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð° Ð¾ÑÐµÑÐµÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¸ Ð·Ð°ÑÑÐ±ÐµÐ¶Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑÐ°, ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¸ ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð² ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÐ¼ ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¼.ÐÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÐµÑÑÑ Ð² Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¸ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸.Ð ÑÐ¾Ð´Ðµ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐ»ÐµÐ´ÑÑÑÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÑ:-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  ÐÐ¾ÑÑÑÐ¾ÐµÐ½Ð° Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð² Autodesk Revit 2022 Ð¿Ð¾ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐµÐ¹ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸.;-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Ð¡Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð° Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¸ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ðµ ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ Ð² Autodesk Revit 2022;-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  ÐÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ð½ÑÐ¹ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÑ Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð»ÑÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹ Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÑ Ð¾ÑÐ²ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ;-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Ð¡Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¾ Ð´ÐµÐ²ÑÑÑ ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð°ÑÐ¸ÐµÐ² ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð²Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¾Ñ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð². 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Ð Ð°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½ ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð³Ð¸Ð±ÑÐ¸Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ BEM Ð¸ ML (MachineÂ Learning). ÐÐ½ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¼ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ñ, Ð½Ðµ ÑÐ¾Ð»ÑÐºÐ¾ ÐºÐ°ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸ÑÑÑ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ, Ð½Ð¾ Ð¸ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´ÑÑÐ³Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð² ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÑÑÐ²Ðµ Ð¸ ÑÐµÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ð¸.Ð¢Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ¾Ð´ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÑÐ¸ÑÑ Ð¸Ð½Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð»ÐµÐºÐ°ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ¾Ð² Ð·Ð° ÑÑÑÑ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾Ð·Ð°ÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¸ ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÐ²ÐµÑÑÑÐ²ÑÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð² Ð² Ð¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð´ ÑÐºÑÐ¿Ð»ÑÐ°ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸. ÐÐ¾Ð±Ð¸ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð² Ñ Ð¼Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð·Ð°ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð² Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ, ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº BEM Ð¸ BIM. ÐÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð² Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ðµ Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð² ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÐ²ÐµÑÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ðµ Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐ¼Ð¸ ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸, Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¸ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹, Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ñ.
description: The theme of the final qualification work: âParametric Energy-Efficient Optimization of the Project for the Reconstruction of a Cultural Heritage Objectâ. The work is devoted to the consideration of the issue of reconstruction of historical buildings in terms of energy conservation and energy efficiency.The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for energy-efficient simulation optimization of the project of a cultural heritage object.The object of study in this work is the cultural heritage object âCity Manor, XVIII-XIX centuries â Main House, XVIII-XIX centuries (at the heart of the chamber of the turn of the XVII-XVIII centuries) at the address: building 1, 8 Ul. Prechistenka, Central Administrative District, Moscowâ at the stage of its reconstruction.The subject of the study is the energy-efficient simulation optimization of the cultural heritage object reconstruction project.Research objectives:1. Study of the current state of construction of cultural heritage objects and issues of energy efficient optimization.2. Analysis of the actual state of the object and modelling of the energy efficiency class of the building.3. Development of information and analytical building models for energy efficiency analysis.In the course of the study, methods were used to generalize and analyse domestic and foreign experience, compare and evaluate the results of energy modelling for various scenarios.The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of assessing the energy efficiency of historical buildings using an optimized simulation energy-efficient model.The following results were obtained during the study:-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  The information model of the building was built in Autodesk Revit 2022 according to the available design documentation;-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  The analytical and energy model of the building was modelled based on the information model created in Autodesk Revit 2022;-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Software calculation of surface insolation and lighting calculation was performed;-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Nine building energy consumption scenarios were modelled depending on different parameters. The best scenario and parameters that need to be changed/optimized to achieve the best result in terms of energy consumption are determined. Energy efficiency benchmarks have been defined for each scenario;-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  An analysis of the results of energy modelling was carried out and reports of annual energy consumption were generated;-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Recommendations and proposals were developed for the implementation of energy modelling in the construction process, including process diagrams in BPMN notation. A variant of the hybrid method of sharing BEM and ML (Machine Learning) is also considered. It is applicable for solving problems not only related to energy modelling, but also for solving other problems in construction and reconstruction.This approach makes it possible to increase the investment attractiveness of such projects by reducing energy costs and related costs during the operation period. To achieve such results with a minimum investment of time allows the use of modern methods of parametric design, such as BEM and BIM. The use of such design methods also makes it possible to bring a historic building in line with modern requirements for the reliability, safety and efficiency of buildings, and allows the use of modern materials.