cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A microfabricated surface-electrode ion trap for scalable quantum information processing
Creators: name: Seidelin, S.
name: Chiaverini, J.
name: Reichle, R.
name: Bollinger, J. J.
name: Leibfried, D.
name: Britton, J.
name: Wesenberg, J. H.
name: Blakestad, R. B.
name: Epstein, R. J.
name: Hume, D. B.
name: Jost, J. D.
name: Langer, C.
name: Ozeri, R.
name: Shiga, N.
name: Wineland, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate confinement of individual atomic ions in a radio-frequency Paul trap with a novel geometry where the electrodes are located in a single plane and the ions confined above this plane. This device is realized with a relatively simple fabrication procedure and has important implications for quantum state manipulation and quantum information processing using large numbers of ions. We confine laser-cooled Mg-24 ions approximately 40 micrometer above planar gold electrodes. We measure the ions' motional frequencies and compare them to simulations. From measurements of the escape time of ions from the trap, we also determine a heating rate of approximately five motional quanta per millisecond for a trap frequency of 5.3 MHz.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Graviton-Mediated Scattering Amplitudes from the Quantum Effective Action
Creators: name: Draper, Tom
name: Knorr, Benjamin
name: Ripken, Chris
name: Saueressig, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ the curvature expansion of the quantum effective action for gravity-matter systems to construct graviton-mediated scattering amplitudes for non-minimally coupled scalar fields in a Minkowski background. By design, the formalism parameterises all quantum corrections to these processes and is manifestly gauge-invariant. The conditions resulting from UV-finiteness, unitarity, and causality are analysed in detail and it is shown by explicit construction that the quantum effective action provides sufficient room to meet these structural requirements without introducing non-localities or higher-spin degrees of freedom. Our framework provides a bottom-up approach to all quantum gravity programs seeking for the quantisation of gravity within the framework of quantum field theory. Its scope is illustrated by specific examples, including effective field theory, Stelle gravity, infinite derivative gravity, and Asymptotic Safety.
Tariff Escalation and Invasive Species Risk
Creators: name: Tu, Anh Thuy
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Gozlan, Estelle
name: Tu, Anh Thuy
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Gozlan, Estelle
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: agro-forestry products
subject: exotic pest
subject: international trade
subject: invasive species
subject: tariff escalation
subject: trade flows

description: We investigate the interface between trade and invasive species (IS) risk, focusing on the existing tariff escalation in agro-forestry product markets and its implication for IS risk. Tariff escalation in processed agro-forestry products exacerbates the risk of IS by biasing trade flows toward increased trade of primary commodity flows and against processed-product trade. We show that reducing tariff escalation by lowering the tariff on processed goods increases allocative efficiency and reduces the IS externality, a win-win situation. We also identify policy menus for trade reforms involving tariffs on both raw input and processed goods, leading to win-win situations.
SDCT-AuxNet$^θ$: DCT Augmented Stain Deconvolutional CNN with Auxiliary Classifier for Cancer Diagnosis
Creators: name: Gehlot, Shiv
name: Gupta, Anubha
name: Gupta, Ritu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a pervasive pediatric white blood cell cancer across the globe. With the popularity of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), computer-aided diagnosis of cancer has attracted considerable attention. Such tools are easily deployable and are cost-effective. Hence, these can enable extensive coverage of cancer diagnostic facilities. However, the development of such a tool for ALL cancer was challenging so far due to the non-availability of a large training dataset. The visual similarity between the malignant and normal cells adds to the complexity of the problem. This paper discusses the recent release of a large dataset and presents a novel deep learning architecture for the classification of cell images of ALL cancer. The proposed architecture, namely, SDCT-AuxNet$^θ$ is a 2-module framework that utilizes a compact CNN as the main classifier in one module and a Kernel SVM as the auxiliary classifier in the other one. While CNN classifier uses features through bilinear-pooling, spectral-averaged features are used by the auxiliary classifier. Further, this CNN is trained on the stain deconvolved quantity images in the optical density domain instead of the conventional RGB images. A novel test strategy is proposed that exploits both the classifiers for decision making using the confidence scores of their predicted class labels. Elaborate experiments have been carried out on our recently released public dataset of 15114 images of ALL cancer and healthy cells to establish the validity of the proposed methodology that is also robust to subject-level variability. A weighted F1 score of 94.8$\%$ is obtained that is best so far on this challenging dataset.
description: The final version of this preprint has been published in Medical Image Analysis
Economic Potential of Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions: Comparative Role for Soil Sequestration in Agriculture and Forestry
Creators: name: Schneider, Uwe A.
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
name: Murray, Brian C.
name: Williams, Jimmy R.
name: Sands, Ronald D.
name: Schneider, Uwe A.
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
name: Murray, Brian C.
name: Williams, Jimmy R.
name: Sands, Ronald D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: afforestation
subject: Agricultural Sector Model
subject: carbon sequestration dynamics
subject: economic potential
subject: emission leakage
subject: greenhouse gas emission mitigation
subject: sink saturation
subject: technical potential
subject: volatility

description: We use the Agricultural Sector Model to analyze the economic potential of soil carbon sequestration as one of several agricultural greenhouse gas emission mitigation strategies, including afforestation. For low incentives on carbon emission savings, agricultural soil carbon sequestration is the most cost-efficient strategy. As incentive levels increase above $50 per ton of carbon equivalent, afforestation and biofuel production become the key strategies, while the role of soil carbon diminishes. If saturating sinks are discounted based on their net present value, the competitive economic equilibrium among agricultural mitigation strategies shifts away from soil carbon sequestration and afforestation and toward more biofuel production. Regardless of the discounting assumption and the carbon savings incentive level, the economic potential of soil carbon sequestration never attains its technical potential as estimated by soil scientists. The study also estimates the impacts of agricultural mitigation policies on welfare, prices, production, and input use in the traditional food and fiber sector and the effects of emission leakage from unregulated agricultural sources.
Universal scaling behavior of non-equilibrium phase transitions
Creators: name: Lubeck, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most impressive features of continuous phase transitions is the concept of universality, that allows to group the great variety of different critical phenomena into a small number of universality classes. All systems belonging to a given universality class have the same critical exponents, and certain scaling functions become identical near the critical point. It is the aim of this work to demonstrate the usefulness of universal scaling functions for the analysis of non-equilibrium phase transitions. In order to limit the coverage of this article, we focus on a particular class of non-equilibrium critical phenomena, the so-called absorbing phase transitions. These phase transitions arise from a competition of opposing processes, usually creation and annihilation processes. The transition point separates an active phase and an absorbing phase in which the dynamics is frozen. A systematic analysis of universal scaling functions of absorbing phase transitions is presented, including static, dynamical, and finite-size scaling measurements. As a result a picture gallery of universal scaling functions is presented which allows to identify and to distinguish universality classes.
description: review article, 160 pages, 60 figures included
The Dynamic Proto-atmospheres around Low-Mass Planets with Eccentric Orbits
Creators: name: Mai, Chuhong
name: Desch, Steven J.
name: Kuiper, Rolf
name: Marleau, Gabriel-Dominique
name: Dullemond, Cornelis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Protoplanets are able to accrete primordial atmospheres when embedded in the gaseous protoplanetary disk. The formation and structure of the proto-atmosphere are subject to the planet--disk environment and orbital effects. Especially, when planets are on eccentric orbits, their relative velocities to the gas can exceed the sound speed. The planets generate atmosphere-stripping bow shocks. We investigate the proto-atmospheres on low-mass planets with eccentric orbits with radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. A 2D radiative model of the proto-atmosphere is established with tabulated opacities for the gas and dust. The solutions reveal large-scale gas recycling inside a bow shock structure. The atmospheres on eccentric planets are typically three to four orders of magnitude less massive than those of planets with circular orbits. Overall, however, a supersonic environment is favorable for planets to keep an early stable atmosphere, rather than harmful, due to the steady gas supply through the recycling flow. We also quantitatively explore how such atmospheres are affected by the relative velocity of the planet to the gas, the planet mass, and the background gas density. Our time-dependent simulations track the orbital evolution of the proto-atmosphere with the planet--disk parameters changing throughout the orbit. Atmospheric properties show oscillatory patterns as the planet travels on an eccentric orbit, with a lag in phase. To sum up, low-mass eccentric planets can retain small proto-atmospheres despite the stripping effects of bow shocks. The atmospheres are always connected to and interacting with the disk gas. These findings provide important insights into the impacts of migration and scattering on planetary proto-atmospheres.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ (23 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables)
Nonlinear Evolution of the Magnetothermal Instability in Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Parrish, Ian J.
name: Stone, James M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In weakly magnetized, dilute plasmas in which thermal conduction along magnetic field lines is important, the usual convective stability criterion is modified. Instead of depending on entropy gradients, instability occurs for small wavenumbers when (dP/dz)(dln T/dz) > 0, which we refer to as the Balbus criterion. We refer to the convective instability that results in this regime as the magnetothermal instability (MTI). We use numerical MHD simulations which include anisotropic electron heat conduction to follow the growth and saturation of the MTI in two-dimensional, plane parallel atmospheres that are unstable according to the Balbus criterion. The linear growth rates measured in the simulations agree with the weak field dispersion relation. We investigate the effect of strong fields and isotropic conduction on the linear properties and nonlinear regime of the MTI. In the nonlinear regime, the instability saturates and convection decays away, when the atmosphere becomes isothermal. Sustained convective turbulence can be driven if there is a fixed temperature difference between the top and bottom edges of the simulation domain, and if isotropic conduction is used to create convectively stable layers that prevent the formation of unresolved, thermal boundary layers. The largest component of the time-averaged heat flux is due to advective motions. These results have implications for a variety of astrophysical systems, such as the temperature profile of hot gas in galaxy clusters, and the structure of radiatively inefficient accretion flows.
description: 37 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Corrected sign typo in instability criterion
Parallel Research, Multiple Intellectual Property Right Protection Instruments, and the Correlation among R&D Projects
Creators: name: Bulut, Harun
name: Moschini, GianCarlo
name: Bulut, Harun
name: Moschini, GianCarlo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: intellectual property rights
subject: parallel R&D
subject: patent races

description: The choice of a research path in attacking scientific and technological problems is a significant component of firms' R&D strategy. One of the findings of the patent races literature is that, in a competitive market setting, firms' noncooperative choices of research projects display an excessive degree of correlation, as compared to the socially optimal level. The paper revisits this question in a context in which firms have access to trade secrets, in addition to patents, to assert intellectual property rights (IPR) over their discoveries. We find that the availability of multiple IPR protection instruments can move the paths chosen by firms engaged in an R&D race toward the social optimum.
On Feynman's handwritten notes on electromagnetism and the idea of introducing potentials before fields
Creators: name: Heras, José A.
name: Heras, Ricardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In his recently discovered handwritten notes on "An alternate way to handle electrodynamics" dated on 1963, Richard P. Feynman speculated with the idea of getting the inhomogeneous Maxwell's equations for the electric and magnetic fields from the wave equation for the vector potential. With the aim of implementing this pedagogically interesting idea, we develop in this paper the approach of introducing the scalar and vector potentials before the electric and magnetic fields. We consider the charge conservation expressed through the continuity equation as a basic axiom and make a heuristic handle of this equation to obtain the retarded scalar and vector potentials, whose wave equations yield the homogeneous and inhomogeneous Maxwell's equations. We also show how this axiomatic-heuristic procedure to obtain Maxwell's equations can be formulated covariantly in the Minkowski spacetime.
description: The paper includes an extract of Feynman's first handwritten note on his "Alternate Way to Handle Electrodynamics."
Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture: Value and Implementation
Creators: name: Feng, Hongli
name: Zhao, Jinhua
name: Kling, Catherine L.
name: Feng, Hongli
name: Zhao, Jinhua
name: Kling, Catherine L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: We investigate the value of carbon sequestration in a dynamic model, demonstrating that it is only a fraction of the value of emission abatement unless the sequestration, the natural decay rate of carbon and the discount rate. We also show that to optimally reduce the carbon stock, sinks should be utilized as early as possible. Further, we propose and assess three mechanisms to efficiently introduce sequestration into a carbon permit trading market, a pay-as-you-go system. We show that, although the three mechanisms may not be equally feasible to implement, they are all efficient.
GALACTICNUCLEUS: A high-angular-resolution JHKs imaging survey of the Galactic centre III. Evidence for wavelength dependence of the extinction curve in the near-infrared
Creators: name: Nogueras-Lara, Francisco
name: Schödel, Rainer
name: Neumayer, Nadine
name: Gallego-Cano, Eulalia
name: Shahzamanian, Banafsheh
name: Gallego-Calvente, Aurelia Teresa
name: Najarro, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The characterisation of the extinction curve in the near infrared (NIR) is fundamental to analyse the structure and stellar population of the Galactic centre (GC), whose analysis is hampered by the extreme interstellar extinction ($A_V\sim 30$ mag) that varies on arc-second scales. Recent studies indicate that the behaviour of the extinction curve might be more complex than previously assumed, pointing towards a variation of the extinction curve as a function of wavelength. We aim at analysing the variations of the extinction index, $α$, with wavelength, line-of-sight, and absolute extinction, extending previous analysis to a larger area of the innermost regions of the Galaxy. We analysed the whole GALACTICNUCLEUS survey, a high-angular resolution ($\sim 0.2''$) $JHK_s$ NIR survey specially designed to observe the GC in unprecedented detail. It covers a region of $\sim 6000$\,pc$^2$, comprising fields in the nuclear stellar disc, the inner bulge, and the transition region between them. We applied two independent methods based on red clump (RC) stars to constrain the extinction curve and analysed its variation superseding previous studies. We used more than 165,000 RC stars and increased significantly the size of the regions analysed to confirm that the extinction curve varies with the wavelength. We estimated a difference $Δα= 0.21\pm0.07$ between the obtained extinction indices, $α_{JH}=2.44\pm0.05$ and $α_{HK_s} = 2.23\pm0.05$. We also concluded that there is no significant variation of the extinction curve with wavelength, with the line-of-sight or the absolute extinction. Finally, we computed the ratios between extinctions, $A_J/A_H = 1.87\pm0.03$ and $A_{H}/A_{K_s} = 1.84\pm0.03$, consistent with all the regions of the GALACTICNUCLEUS catalogue.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Giant enhanced optical nonlinearity of colloidal nanocrystals with a graded-index host
Creators: name: Xiao, J. J.
name: Yu, K. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effective linear and third-order nonlinear optical properties of metallic colloidal crystal immersed in a graded-index host fluid are investigated theoretically. The local electric fields are extracted self-consistently based on the layer-to-layer interactions, which are readily given by the Lekner summation method. The resultant optical absorption and nonlinearity enhancement show a series of sharp peaks, which merge in a broadened resonant band. The sharp peaks become a continuous band for increasing packing density and number of layers. We believe that the sharp peaks arise from the in-plane dipolar interactions and the surface plasmon resonance, whereas the continuous band is due to the presence of the gradient in the host refractive index. These results have not been observed in homogeneous and randomly-dispersed colloids, and thus would be of great interest in optical nanomaterial engineering.
description: Submitted to Applied Physics Letters
Reproductive biology of the Short-snouted Seahorse, Hippocampus hippocampus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Eastern Black Sea of Turkey (Osteichthyes: Syngnathidae)
Creators: name: Taylan, Burcu
name: Şule Gürkan
name: Taşkavak, Ertan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The reproductive characteristics of the Short-snouted Seahorse, Hippocampus hippocampus, was studied in the eastern Black Sea shore over a one-year period. Average standard length was 10.38 cm (6.15–13.3 cm) and weight 1.88 g (0.68–3.02 g). Males were slightly more common than females (females: 48%), but the difference was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). This was highest in autumn and lowest in winter, while there were no differences between the sexes (p>0.05). A sequential spiral of developing oocytes was observed from the earliest stage in the germinal ridge to the mature edge with the largest oocyte. Mature oocytes were found in histological sections during the summer season and the results obtained from gonadosomatic index values confirmed that the summer season is the breeding period of H. hippocampus at the eastern Black Sea shore of Turkey.
Stochastic Dynamic Northern Corn Rootworm Population Model
Creators: name: Mitchell, Paul D.
name: Riedell, Walter
name: Mitchell, Paul D.
name: Riedell, Walter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Corn planting
subject: corn rootworm
subject: Diabrotica barberi
subject: metapopulation dynamics
subject: northern corn rootworm
subject: oviposition

description: A complete life cycle model for northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence, is developed using a published single-season model of adult population dynamics and data from field experiments. Temperature-dependent development and age-dependent advancement determine adult population dynamics and oviposition, while a simple stochastic hatch and density-dependent larval survival model determine adult emergence. Dispersal is not modeled. To evaluate the long-run perform nce of the model, stochastically generated daily air and soil temperatures are used for 100-year simulations for a variety of corn planting and flowering dates in Ithaca, NY, and Brookings, SD. Once the model is corrected for a bias in oviposition, model predictions for both locations are consistent with anecdotal field data. Extinctions still occur, but these may be consistent with northern corn rootworm metapopulation dynamics.
VLA observations of broad 6-cm excited state OH lines in W49A
Creators: name: Palmer, Patrick
name: Goss, W. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Very Large Array (VLA), we observed all three of the 6-cm lines of the doublet Pi 1/2, J=1/2 state of OH with sub-arcsecond resolution (about 0.4 arcsec) in W49A. While the spatial distribution and the range in velocities of the 6-cm lines are similar to those of the ground state (18-cm) OH lines, a large fraction of the total emission in all three 6-cm lines has large linewidths (about 5 -- 10 km/s) and is spatially-extended, very unlike typical ground state OH masers which typically are point-like at VLA resolutions and have linewidths less than 1 km/s. We find brightness temperatures of 5900 K, 4700 K, and greater than 730 K for the 4660-MHz, 4750-MHz, and 4765-MHz lines, respectively. We conclude that these are indeed maser lines. However, the gains are about 0.3, again very unlike the 18-cm lines which have gains greater than 10000. We compare the excited state OH emission with that from other molecules observed with comparable angular resolution to estimate physical conditions in the regions emitting the peculiar, low-gain maser lines. We also comment on the relationship with the 18-cm masers
description: 17 pages including 10 figures. MNRAS style file needed to process
n The Spot (Realtime) Accident Information & Insurance Dispute Resolution
Creators: name: Angeline Stanley, Sakshi Oswal, Grantha Kushalappa, Berlin Gangamma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This project introduces an innovative insurance claiming app designed to streamline the process offiling claims by leveraging real-time road accident data. The app employs advanced data analytics andmachine learning algorithms to assess accident severity, providing users with a seamless and ef icientmeans of initiating insurance claims. By integrating with various sources of road accident data anduser-generated reports, the app aims to enhance the accuracy of claim assessments and reduce processingtimes.The user-friendly interface ensures a straightforward experience for claimants, while the app's backendinfrastructure ensures secure handling and processing of sensitive information. This research contributesto the evolution of insurance technology, fostering a more responsive and data-driven approach toinsurance claim management.The app's robust framework not only facilitates faster claims processing but also enables insurancecompanies to make data-informed decisions. By tapping into the wealth of real-time road accidentinformation, insurers can refine risk assessments, enhance underwriting processes, and ultimately improveoverall operational ef iciency. This project stands at the intersection of emerging technologies andinsurance, of ering a forward-looking solution to transform the traditional insurance claiming processinto a more agile, data-centric, and customer-friendly experience
Tell me what you eat and I will tell you what you are: Trophic variety of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Southeast Europe
Creators: name: Popov, Snežana
name: Miličić, Marija
name: Vujić, Ante
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: forests
insects
larvae
phytophagous,
pollinators
saproxylic
vegetation
zoophagous

description: Biodiversity continues to decline all over the world, significantly affecting ecosystem structures
 and processes. Recent decline in wild pollinators clearly threatens pollination services,
 which can lead to serious consequences in terms of disruptions of plant-pollinator interactions.
 Hoverflies play a significant role in the pollination in agricultural and natural systems,
 and their associations with vegetation has been well documented. While adult mostly feed on
 nectar and/or pollen, larvae exhibit various spectrum of feeding resources, such as decaying
 vegetation, bulbs, aquatic detritus, wet wood, etc. The objective of the present study was to
 assess hoverfly species richness within different vegetation classes in Southeast Europe (SE
 Europe) and to evaluate representation of specific larval trophic groups in the sample. Additionally,
 spatial variation of larval trophic groups across different vegetation classes was
 addressed. All documented species in SE Europe (N=564) were each assigned to one of five
 larval trophic groups: saproxylic, phytophagous developing in bulbs, phytophagous developing
 in roots, saprophagous and zoophagous. Results have shown that relative frequency of
 the different feeding groups varied significantly across Southeast Europe (χ² (4) = 76.46, p =
 .00), as well as across different vegetation classes. Not surprisingly, species with zoophagous
 larvae dominated among Southeast European hoverflies. These species can be considered
 generalist species, not directly dependent on specific vegetation. Thus, suitable environment
 for the development of these species can be found across different vegetation classes.
Transferable Rights of Recreational Fishery: An Application to Red Snapper Fishery in the Gulf of Mexico
Creators: name: Kim, Hwa Nyeon
name: Woodward, Richard T.
name: Griffin, Wade L.
name: Kim, Hwa Nyeon
name: Woodward, Richard T.
name: Griffin, Wade L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Transferable Rights
subject: Individual Transferable Quota
subject: Recreational Fishery

description: Transferable rights (TRs) programs are being increasingly considered in fisheries to overcome current overfishing situation. This paper will focus on developing a conceptual foundation, investigating advantages of the TRs program in fishery management, and answering critical issues to implement recreational TRs programs. Implication is to the Gulf of Mexico red snapper fishery.
Relativistic diffusion model and analysis of large transverse momentum distributions
Creators: name: Suzuki, Naomichi
name: Biyajima, Minoru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to describe large transverse momentum ($p_T$) distributions observed in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions, a stochastic model in the three dimensional rapidity space is introduced. The fundamental solution of the radial symmetric diffusion equation is Gaussian-like in radial rapidity. We can also derive a $p_T$ or radial rapidity distribution function, where a distribution of emission center is taken into account. It is applied to the analysis of observed large $p_T$ distributions of charged particles. It is shown that our model approaches to a power function of $p_T$ in the high transverse momentum limit.
description: 6pages, 4figures, talk at XXXV International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics 2005, Kromeriz, Czech Republuc, August 9-15, 2005
Adoption of Genetically Modified Eggplant in India: An Ex Ante Analysis
Creators: name: Kolady, Deepthi
name: Lesser, William H.
name: Kolady, Deepthi
name: Lesser, William H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Genetically Modified Crops
subject: Bt Eggplant
subject: Adoption
subject: India

description: This paper uses a bivariate probit model to predict the probability of adoption of genetically modified eggplant (Bt eggplant) in India. According to the study farm and contextual characteristics influence the expected adoption of Bt technology. Models that predict acreage under Bt technology, given the decision to adopt are also estimated.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/28/05.
Global Energetics of Solar Flares: X. Petschek Reconnection Rate and Alfven Mach Number of Magnetic Reconnection Outflows
Creators: name: Aschwanden, Markus J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate physical scaling laws for magnetic energy dissipation in solar flares, in the framework of the Sweet-Parker model and the Petschek model. We find that the total dissipated magnetic energy $E_{diss}$ in a flare depends on the mean magnetic field component $B_f$ associated with the free energy $E_f$, the length scale $L$ of the magnetic area, the hydrostatic density scale height $λ$ of the solar corona, the Alfvén Mach number $M_A=v_1/v_A$ (the ratio of the inflow speed $v_1$ to the Alfvénic outflow speed $v_A$), and the flare duration $τ_f$, i.e., $E_{diss} = (1/4π) B_f^2\ L\ λ v_A\ M_A\ τ_f$, where the Alfvén speed depends on the nonpotential field strength $B_{np}$ and the mean electron density $n_e$ in the reconnection outflow. Using MDI/SDO and AIA/SDO observations and 3-D magnetic field solutions obtained with the vertical-current approximation nonlinear force-free field code (VCA-NLFFF) we measure all physical parameters necessary to test scaling laws, which represents a new method to measure Alfvén Mach numbers $M_A$, the reconnection rate, and the total free energy dissipated in solar flares.
description: 5 Figures
The Implementation of "Catch-Up Fridays"  in Lagao Central Elementary School:  A Pioneering Initiative
Creators: name: Dagupan, Joseph
Publisher: name: Pinagpala Publishing Services
Year: 2024

description: The essence of quality education is embodied in strategically implemented frameworks. Lagao Central Elementary School is championing an impactful initiative in education aptly named, "Catch-Up Fridays," as mandated by DepEd Memorandum No.001, s.2024.

Catch-Up Fridays, a visionary initiative led by the innovative Principal I and School Reading Coordinator of the school, Janalyn Tablo Detuya; Master Teacher I, Chellyn Mae D. Lastimosa; and Grade 4 Reading in-charge, Joseph F. Dagupan, and supported by all 64 teachers of Lagao Central Elementary School, serves a dual purpose. It aims to fortify the foundational academic skills of students and nurture their social abilities, all while engraining values, peace, and health education.
Helmholtz's theorem for two retarded fields and its application to Maxwell's equations
Creators: name: Heras, José A.
name: Heras, Ricardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An extension of the Helmholtz theorem is proved, which states that two retarded vector fields ${\bf F}_1$ and ${\bf F}_2$ satisfying appropriate initial and boundary conditions are uniquely determined by specifying their divergences $\nabla\cdot{\bf F}_{1}$ and $\nabla\cdot{\bf F}_{2}$ and their coupled curls $-\nabla\times{\bf F}_{1}-\partial {\bf F}_{2}/\partial t$ and $\nabla\times{\bf F}_{2}-(1/c^2)\partial {\bf F}_{1}/\partial t$, where $c$ is the propagation speed of the fields. When a corollary of this theorem is applied to Maxwell's equations, the retarded electric and magnetic fields are directly obtained. The proof of the theorem relies on a novel demonstration of the uniqueness of the solutions of the vector wave equation.
Systematic Density Expansion of the Lyapunov Exponents for a Two-dimensional Random Lorentz Gas
Creators: name: Kruis, H. V.
name: Panja, Debabrata
name: van Beijeren, Henk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Lyapunov exponents of a two-dimensional, random Lorentz gas at low density. The positive Lyapunov exponent may be obtained either by a direct analysis of the dynamics, or by the use of kinetic theory methods. To leading orders in the density of scatterers it is of the form $A_{0}\tilde{n}\ln\tilde{n}+B_{0}\tilde{n}$, where $A_{0}$ and $B_{0}$ are known constants and $\tilde{n}$ is the number density of scatterers expressed in dimensionless units. In this paper, we find that through order $(\tilde{n}^{2})$, the positive Lyapunov exponent is of the form $A_{0}\tilde{n}\ln\tilde{n}+B_{0}\tilde{n}+A_{1}\tilde{n}^{2}\ln\tilde{n} +B_{1}\tilde{n}^{2}$. Explicit numerical values of the new constants $A_{1}$ and $B_{1}$ are obtained by means of a systematic analysis. This takes into account, up to $O(\tilde{n}^{2})$, the effects of {\it all\/} possible trajectories in two versions of the model; in one version overlapping scatterer configurations are allowed and in the other they are not.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, minor changes in this version, to appear in J. Stat. Phys
HOW SUCCESSFUL ARE GOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONS IN FOOD MARKETS? INSIGHTS FROM THE PHILIPPINE RICE MARKET
Creators: name: Yao, Richard T.
name: Shively, Gerald E.
name: Masters, William J.
name: Yao, Richard T.
name: Shively, Gerald E.
name: Masters, William J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We investigate the Philippine government's price stabilization policy for rice. Seemingly Unrelated Regressions are used to examine the effectiveness of the program at regional and national levels over a 21-year period (January 1983 to December 2003). Results of the regional analysis indicate some NFA-induced spatial and temporal differences in terms of producer prices. The NFA successfully increased producer prices in 5 of 13 regions through stock accumulation and paddy rice purchase at floor prices. NFA stock releases do not correlate strongly with retail prices at the national level, although results from the regional model indicate that NFA stock releases reduced retail prices in five regions, leading to perceptible spatial and temporal differences between regions. Although the NFA support price appears to have been moderately successful in increasing producer prices at a national level, on average, the support price led to an increase in consumer prices in ten regions and contributed little to price stabilization. Overall, therefore, our results indicate very limited success on the part of the NFA to achieve its major objectives at either regional or national level. We suggest the NFA should concentrate its resources in the poorest areas of the country, where it might exert greater and more useful influence in smaller and locally thin rice markets.
Raw Data for the article: Conditioned Medium from Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Attenuating the Effects of Cold Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in an In Vitro Model Using Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells
Creators: name: Vitale, Miceli
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Conditioned medium
Ex vivo lung perfusion
Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury

description: The clinical results of lung transplantation (LTx) are still less favorable than other solid organ transplants in both the early and long term. The fragility of the lungs limits the procurement rate and can favor the occurrence of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) with Steen SolutionTM (SS) aims to address problems, and the implementation of EVLP to alleviate the activation of IRI-mediated processes has been achieved using mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC)-based treatments. In this study, we investigated the paracrine effects of human amnion-derived MSCs (hAMSCs) in an in vitro model of lung IRI that includes cold ischemia and normothermic EVLP. We found that SS enriched by a hAMSC-conditioned medium (hAMSC-CM) preserved the viability and delayed the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells (A549) through the downregulation of inflammatory factors and the upregulation of antiapoptotic factors. These effects were more evident using the CM of 3D hAMSC cultures, which contained an increased amount of immunosuppressive and growth factors compared to both 2D cultures and encapsulated-hAMSCs. To conclude, we demonstrated an in vitro model of lung IRI and provided evidence that a hAMSC-CM attenuated IRI effects by improving the efficacy of EVLP, leading to strategies for a potential implementation of this technique.
Mid-Infrared Imaging of Active Galaxies: Active Nuclei and Embedded Star Clusters
Creators: name: Galliano, E.
name: Alloin, D.
name: Pantin, E.
name: Lagage, P. O.
name: Marco, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High resolution, mid-infrared (MIR) images of a set of nine nearby active galaxies are presented. The data were obtained with the TIMMI2 instrument mounted at the ESO 3.6m telescope using a set of N-band narrow filters. The resulting images have an angular resolution of 0.6"-1". The MIR emission has been resolved in four galaxies: NGC253, NGC1365, NGC1808 and NGC7469. The images unveil a circumnuclear population of unknown MIR sources in NGC1365 and NGC1808, coincident with radio sources. These MIR/radio sources are interpreted in terms of embedded young star clusters. A high-resolution MIR map of NGC253 is also presented, and enables the identification of a previously unknown MIR counterpart to the radio nucleus. Extended MIR emission is detected in NGC7469, and concurs with previous observations in the NIR and radio. For this source, an interesting morphological difference between the 10.4mic and the 11.9mic emission is observed, suggesting the presence of a dust-rich micro-bar. Our MIR images of Circinus do not show resolved emission from the nucleus down to an angular scale of 0.5". In the case of NGC2992, an upper limit to the extended MIR emission can be set. Finally, we provide new MIR flux measurements for the unresolved AGN in NGC5995, IZw1 and IIZw136.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Conservation Reserve Program Participation under Uncertainty
Creators: name: Isik, Murat
name: Isik, Murat
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: conservation programs
subject: land retirement
subject: risk aversion
subject: uncertainty.

description: This paper develops theoretical and empirical models to understand how farmers formulate their participation strategies when deciding to enroll in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) under uncertainty. A theoretical model is employed to obtain the impacts of various factors on the optimal bidding strategies. A selectivity-based econometric model is then used to estimate the probability of enrollment and determinants of rental payments. The theoretical results indicate that the optimal bid is positively related to the expected farming income and environmental benefit scores, and it is negatively related to the degree of risk aversion and the variability of returns. The econometric model shows that land benefits, land attributes, farmer characteristics, and variability of climate variables impact the enrollment probabilities and rental rates received. These results have important policy implications for the design and implementation of conservation programs.
Emissions Trading, Electricity Industry Restructuring and Investment in Pollution Abatement
Creators: name: Fowlie, Meredith
name: Fowlie, Meredith
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The NOx State Implementation Plan Call was designed to facilitate cost effective reductions of nitrogen oxides emissions from large stationary sources (primarily electricity generators) through the introduction of an emissions trading program. I investigate the relationship between economic regulation and firms' long-run response to the incentives created by this emissions trading program. I estimate a discrete choice model of the firm's compliance decision, controlling for unit-level variation in compliance costs and using exogenous variation in state-level electricity industry restructuring activity to identify an e¤ect of electricity market regulation on generators' environmental compliance strategy choices. I present evidence that differences in economic regulation across states have resulted in a disproportionate amount of the mandated emissions reductions occurring in more regulated electricity markets. Unfortunately, these are the areas least in need of pollution control.
Analysing Farmers' Decision-Making Process Face to the Mid-Term Review of the Common Agricultural Policy in the Alentejo region of Portugal
Creators: name: Serrao, Amilcar
name: Coelho, Luis
name: Serrao, Amilcar
name: Coelho, Luis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Cumulative Prospect Theory
subject: Discrete Sequential Stochastic Programming

description: This paper describes an experiment that was carried out in order to examine the decision making process of farmers in the Alentejo dryland region of Portugal. Cumulative Prospect Theory allows modeling the Alentejo dryland farmers' decision process, because when they decide what crops and livestock activities will produce the different results are appraised relatively to the initial wealth, which permits its appraisal in terms of gains and of losses. An inquiry is developed to study the Alentejo dryland farmers' preferences, which intend to determine risk preferences through a set of games. A discrete sequential stochastic programming model is developed to examine farmers' decision-making process face to the mid-term review of the Common Agricultural Policy. The objective function, that maximizes the total value of the game, portrays the farmers' behavior face to risk and it is constituted by the set of functions (value function and probability weighting function) ranked upward. The total value of the games will be given by the sum of the positive and negative components. Model results show that Cumulative Prospect Theory portrays the Alentejo dryland farmers' decision-making process quite well. All the farmers produce durum wheat as main agricultural production and choose the maximum of number of cattle heads and sheep herds. The full decoupling of income payment from agricultural production leads to the abandonment of the durum wheat production. The beef cattle farmers keep their production and the sheep farmers reduce their herds drastically. The introduction of 50% of sheep premium, proposed by the Portuguese Government, raises sheep production, accompanied of the increase of the pasture area. These results permit to conclude that the Portuguese Government's proposal is sufficiently cautious because, on the one hand, when associating to 100% of suckler cow premium allows the use of the shares negotiated with European Union in 2003 and when associating to 50% of sheep premium permit the maintenance of sheep herd. On the other hand, the Portuguese Government's proposal of crop subsidies not linked to agricultural production forces the farmers to choose alternative agricultural activities in the bad soils. Finally, the introduction of the area crop-yield insurance program associated with the new Common Agricultural Policy is an interesting alternative for the Alentejo dryland farmers, because the new Common Agricultural Policy only secure a minimum farm income level, while the insurance program permits making face to agricultural production variability and avoids the abandonment of the agricultural activity.
$η_c$ - glueball Mixing and Resonance X(1835)
Creators: name: Kochelev, Nikolai
name: Min, Dong-Pil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mixing of $η_c$ and the lowest mass pseudoscalar glueball is estimated within the framework of the instanton liquid model. It is demonstrated that the mixing is large and may explain the difference between the observed mass of the glueball candidate X(1835) and the theoretical prediction of QCD sum rule analysis.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, Latex
Price Elasticities of Key Agricultural Commodities in China
Creators: name: Zhuang, Renan
name: Abbott, Philip C.
name: Zhuang, Renan
name: Abbott, Philip C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We estimate a simultaneous equations model of Chinese markets for wheat, rice, corn, pork, and poultry. Elasticities for consumption, feed demand, production, stocks demand, and foreign trade fall within the range of results from previous studies, and are reasonable magnitudes. China has market power in the trade for all commodities.
Generalized Hedge Ratio Estimation with an Unknown Model
Creators: name: Dorfman, Jeffrey H.
name: Sanders, Dwight R.
name: Dorfman, Jeffrey H.
name: Sanders, Dwight R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Myers and Thompson (1989) noted that the model specification could have a large impact on the hedge ratio estimated. A huge literature exists on estimating hedge ratios, but the literature is lacking a formal treatment of model specification uncertainty. This research accomplishes that task by taking a Bayesian approach to hedge ratio estimation, where specification uncertainty is explicitly modeled. The methodology is applied to data on hedging of corn and soybeans and on cross-hedging of corn oil using soybean oil futures. Results show the potential benefits and insights gained from such an approach.