cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Role of Geometry for Adaptability: Comparison of Shading Systems and Biological Role Models
Creators: name: Gosztonyi, Susanne
Publisher: name: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering
Year: 2018

description: Dynamic shading systems represent the majority of realised adaptive façades. It seems that geometrically complex kinetic solutions have increased in recent years, mainly due to the use of parametric design tools and digital production. In most shading systems, however, geometry rarely plays a guiding role in the design. The kinetic mechanisms are confined to linear or planar geometries. Geometry plays an important role in biological organisms, because it is the decisive factor for efficiency and growth. Their growth patterns could provide new insights for dynamic shading designs. For this, spatial morphology criteria for shading systems were identified to obtain criteria directly related to geometry. These were supplemented by criteria on kinetic mechanisms. Then, biological analogies that correlate geometrical structures with adaptability were sought. Using biomimetic methods, particularly from functional morphology, principles in growth patterns were analysed and compared to shading systems. It revealed that the restriction to space, location, and material-inherent properties does not affect the solution diversity, but follows an evolutionary objective: Plants, for example, use ingenious geometrical structures to allow adaptation, mainly over lifetime but also dynamically. Whether these principles can be applied to the design of dynamic shading systems is then discussed. The aim of the paper is to provide impulses for further studies on adaptive shading systems that focus on the innovative use of space with greater flexibility in motion. The overall premise of the paper is to demonstrate the applicability of biomimetic methods for architectural engineering.
description: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering, Vol. 6 No. 3 (2018): Special Issue FAÇADE 2018 – Adaptive!
Post-Occupancy Evaluation for Adaptive Façades
Creators: name: Attia, Shady
name: Navarro, Alessandra Luna
name: Juaristi, Miren
name: Monge-Barrio, Aurora
name: Gosztonyi, Susanne
name: Al-Doughmi, Zein
Publisher: name: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering
Year: 2018

description: Post-occupancy evaluation is a valuable method of generating information on the performance of adaptive building façades in relation to users. This evaluation technique involves both procedural methods, such as soft-landing, and empirical measuring, such as environmental monitoring or self-reporting techniques including surveys. Several studies have been carried out in recent decades to identify the most appropriate methods for occupant comfort, well-being, productivity, satisfaction, and health assessments in workplaces. Post-occupancy evaluation of adaptive façades can, however, be a challenging task and information on this topic is still scarce and fragmented. The main contribution of this paper is to bring together and classify the post-occupancy evaluation methods for adaptive façades and suggest a framework for their holistic evaluation. Specific recommendations for improving current standards and guidelines are outlined here to enhance occupant satisfaction and environmental conditions in workplaces for future design projects. Finally, we discuss various ongoing trends and research requirements in this field.
description: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering, Vol. 6 No. 3 (2018): Special Issue FAÇADE 2018 – Adaptive!
Open licenses for researchers - An overview and use cases
Creators: name: Miljković, Nadica
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: license
licence
open license
open licence
free software
open-source software
FOSS
FLOSS
CC
Creative Commons
open hardware
machine learning
artificial intelligence
open science

description: Presentation for the invited lecture titled "Open licenses for researchers - An overview and use cases" for Thematic seminar series on scientific integrity for doctoral program of Psychology and Educational Sciences with the support of the Doctoral School of Humanities and Social Sciences at KU Leuven on November 14, 2022. Complete information is available at https://ppw.kuleuven.be/agenda/2022/open_licenses.
Production of t anti-t b anti-b at the LHC at NLO QCD
Creators: name: Bredenstein, Axel
name: Denner, Ansgar
name: Dittmaier, Stefan
name: Pozzorini, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We summarise predictions for top anti-top bottom anti-bottom (tTbB) production at the LHC in next-to-leading order QCD. The precise description of this background process is a prerequisite to observe associated top anti-top Higgs production in the H -> bottom anti-bottom decay channel. The one-loop amplitudes are computed using Feynman diagrams and numerical tensor reduction. This approach provides very high numerical stability and CPU efficiency. We find that the scale choice adopted in ATLAS simulations underestimates the tTbB background by a factor two and introduce a new dynamical scale that stabilises the perturbative predictions. In the regime of highly boosted Higgs bosons, which offers better perspectives to observe the tTH(H-> bB) signal, the corrections induce significant distortions in the kinematic distributions.
description: 6 pages, 8 postscript figures, to appear in proceedings of the "10th DESY Workshop on Elementary Particle Theory: Loops and Legs in Quantum Field Theory", Woerlitz, Germany, April 25-30, 2010
Fertilizer Use and Farmer Productivity in Nigeria: The Way Forward — A Reflection Piece
Creators: name: L. S. O. Liverpool-Tassie
name: B. T. Omonona
name: A. Sanou
name: W. Ogunleye
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Fertilizer Use and Farmer Productivity in Nigeria: The Way Forward--A Reflection Piece
A Study on the Impact of Climate Adaptive Building Shells on Indoor Comfort
Creators: name: Ricci, Adele
name: Ponzio, Caterina
name: Gaspari, Jacopo
name: Naboni, Emanuele
Publisher: name: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering
Year: 2019

description: Energy savings and indoor comfort are widely considered to be key priorities in the current architectural design trends. Additionally, the well-being and satisfaction of end users is a relevant issue when a human-centred perspective is adopted. The application of Climate Adaptive Building Shells (CABS) compared to conventional façades offers appropriate opportunities for tackling these challenges. This paper reports the outcomes of a study performed on CABS in order to optimise the indoor comfort while calibrating the configuration of a dynamic façade module. The horizontal louvres of the adaptive façade are moved by an actuator that exploits the expansion of a thermo-active resin as it melts, by its absorption of energy. The actuation mechanism depends on the outdoor air temperature conditions and does not require a supply of energy. The performed simulation evidenced a decrease of approximately 4°C indoors when the dynamic module is fully efficient (21st June at 12 p.m.). Furthermore, the lux level is always within the comfort range for an office building (500-2000 lux) during both winter and summer scenarios. The optimised solution shows a substantial gain for energy performance and environmental sustainability. Moreover, the uniformity of distribution of daylight illuminance across the entire space is another associated advantage, giving interesting insights into potentials for architectural façade design.
description: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2019): Special Issue Powerskin 2019
N-body simulation of the Stephan's Quintet
Creators: name: Renaud, Florent
name: Appleton, Philip N.
name: Xu, C. Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of compact groups of galaxies may represent one of the few places in the nearby universe in which massive galaxies are being forged through a complex set of processes involving tidal interaction, ram-pressure stripping, and perhaps finally "dry-mergers" of galaxies stripped of their cool gas. Using collisionless N-body simulations, we propose a possible scenario for the formation of one of the best studied compact groups: Stephan's Quintet. We define a serial approach which allows us to consider the history of the group as sequence of galaxy-galaxy interactions seen as relatively separate events in time, but chained together in such a way as to provide a plausible scenario that ends in the current configuration of the galaxies. By covering a large set of parameters, we claim that it is very unlikely that both major tidal tails of the group have been created by the interaction between the main galaxy and a single intruder. We propose instead a scenario based on two satellites orbiting the main disk, plus the recent involvement of an additional interloper, coming from the background at high speed. This purely N-body study of the quintet will provide a parameter-space exploration of the basic dynamics of the group that can be used as a basis for a more sophisticated N-body/hydrodynamic study of the group that is necessary to explain the giant shock structure and other purely gaseous phenomena observed in both the cold, warm and hot gas in the group.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
FUNGICIDE TIMING, RESISTANCE MONITORING, AND PHYTOPATHOMETRY FOR FIELD CROP DISEASES IN INDIANA
Creators: name: Waibel, Kaitlin G
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Plant pathology
Agronomy

description: Protecting crops from disease requires continuous research because plant pathogen incidence, geographical range, and pathogenicity, are constantly shifting variables as agronomic practices and climate continue to evolve. The objectives of this research are to i.) evaluate field-scale fungicide timing programs for corn (Zea mays L.) diseases at multiple locations in Indiana; ii.) evaluate field-scale fungicide timing programs for soybean (Glycine Max (L.) Merr.) diseases at multiple locations in Indiana; iii.) continue to identify, document, and confirm the distribution of populations of the soybean frogeye leaf spot pathogen (Cercospora sojina) that contain the G143A mutation conferring resistance to quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides in Indiana; and iv.) assess the incidence, severity, and prevalence of tar spot (Phyllachora maydis) in Indiana. For the first and second objectives, field scale trials were established at three locations in Indiana from 2019 to 2022. No application timings at any location provided significant yield protection for corn or soybeans. To achieve the third objective, 165 isolates of C. Sojina were tested. In total, 24 out of the 32 counties sampled in 2021 and 2022 were documented with QoI-resistance. The fourth objective was accomplished by surveying Indiana counties for incidence and severity of tar spot. As of 2022, 86 out of 92 Indiana counties have been confirmed for the presence of tar spot.
Auxetic Structures and Advanced Daylight Control Systems
Creators: name: Yi, Yun Kyu
name: Sharston, Ryan
name: Barakat, Dua
Publisher: name: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering
Year: 2019

description: Building envelopes in general and, in particular, fenestrations are the places in which most interactions between indoor and outdoor environment take place. As a result, an effective shading structure for windows, which can provide sufficient illuminance levels and at the same time ensure acceptable visual comfort by controlling the glare is highly desirable. Static daylight control systems are mostly designed to either completely shade the façade from sunlight or admit and re-direct it to the indoor spaces. Dynamic control systems adjust the amount of intake sunlight with assistance from users or mechanical devices. Studies to date have not thoroughly and comprehensively developed an alternative system in which a self-morphing structure that is responsive to outdoor environmental conditions can function as an “adaptive daylight control system”. This paper has investigated the effects of the adaptable auxetic shading structure with varying geometries to optimise illuminance levels and reduce probability of glare. The paper developed a model to be tested in various locations in the U.S., to evaluate the illuminance and glare performance. The results suggest that the auxetic shading structure can effectively block sunlight from entering the space by adjusting its geometry in response to varying outdoor and sky conditions. In addition, a strong correlation can be concluded among daylight availability, sun exposure, and glare probability. Additionally, the optimisation of daylighting parameters such as illuminance and glare show a clear correlation between the location of the case study and its corresponding sun angles, and the performance of the shading structure. Future studies may explore the effect of auxetic shading structures on energy consumption and thermal comfort parameters. In addition, the relation between auxetic shading devices and the health and well-being of building occupants may be another factor to be considered in the evaluation of effectiveness of this new generation of shading devices.
description: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2019): Special Issue Powerskin 2019
Comparative Overview on LCA Software Programs for Application in the Façade Design Process
Creators: name: Bach, Rebecca
name: Mohtashami, Negar
name: Hildebrand, Linda
Publisher: name: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering
Year: 2019

description: Façades impact the environmental performance of a building by their passive contribution to operational energy demand and by embodied energy and emissions during each life cycle phase. LCA is a method widely used to quantify the environmental contribution. The use of LCA software programs in façade planning can guide design decisions and contribute to environmental optimisation. A large amount of LCA software programs have been developed so far, all of which differ in their focus and requirements. This paper aims to address these differences and investigate the capability and suitability of these programs for façade design. It is structured in four sections. The first part introduces LCA in the building and façade design context. The second part introduces categories to understand the different capabilities of LCA software products. Hereafter, eleven products are evaluated based on these categories. The fourth part focuses on the suitability of software products for simple or complex façades. The study concludes that there are different software choices available for almost every level of user knowledge. While Gabi, Simapro, and Umberto require users to work to a high level of proficiency, software programs like eLCA, CAALA, and 360 Optimi do not require much user knowledge over LCA, but provide a range of other opportunities.
description: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2019): Special Issue Powerskin 2019
On $γ$-Regular-Open Sets and $γ$-Closed Spaces
Creators: name: Hussain, Sabir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54A05, 54A10, 54D10, 54D99

description: The purpose of this paper is to continue studying the properties of $γ$-regular open sets introduced and explored in [6]. The concept of $γ$-closed spaces have also been defined and discussed.
description: The paper have also submitted in peer reviewed journal for publication
Impacts on the Embodied Energy of Rammed Earth Façades During Production and Construction Stages
Creators: name: Nanz, Lisa
name: Rauch, Martin
name: Honermann, Thomas
name: Auer, Thomas
Publisher: name: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering
Year: 2019

description: Rammed earth is a technique for constructing sustainable buildings, with a low energy demand encompassing the whole life cycle of buildings. Soil from the excavation can be compressed on-site to build a façade. Due to its hygroscopic and thermal properties, rammed earth façades stabilise indoor comfort, which potentially supports the minimisation of use of mechanical systems. In order to reduce the energy demand for the entire life cycle of buildings, the embodied energy must be taken into account. Databases, such as the German Ökobaudat, provide data for a life cycle assessment (LCA). For rammed earth, aggregated data at product stages A1-A3 are provided, but transport, which is included in stages A2 and A4, and construction processes at stage A5 are barely documented. Thus, the energy demand for transport, production, and construction of two rammed earth façades was measured. The results are documented in this paper, which provides a more thorough understanding of the entire building process and helps to expand the database. One can conclude that transportation has the largest impact on the embodied energy of rammed earth façades, so it’s essential to use local material. Furthermore, the results illustrate the implication of transport on a life cycle assessment, as well as for other constructions.
description: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2019): Special Issue Powerskin 2019
IKT 16: A Composite SNR in the SMC
Creators: name: Owen, R. A.
name: Filipovic, M. D.
name: Ballet, J.
name: Haberl, F.
name: Crawford, E. J.
name: Payne, J. L.
name: Sturm, R.
name: Pietsch, W.
name: Mereghetti, S.
name: Ehle, M.
name: Tiengo, A.
name: Coe, M. J.
name: Hatzidimitriou, D.
name: Buckley, D. A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: IKT 16 is an X-ray and radio-faint supernova remnant (SNR) in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). A previous X-ray study of this SNR found a hard X-ray source near its centre. Using all available archival and proprietary XMM-Newton data, alongside new multi-frequency radio-continuum surveys and optical observations at H-alpha and forbidden [SII] and [OIII] lines, we aim to constrain the properties of the SNR and discover the nature of the hard source within. Methods: We combine XMM-Newton datasets to produce the highest quality X-ray image of IKT 16 to date. We use this, in combination with radio and optical images, to conduct a multi-wavelength morphological analysis of the remnant. We extract separate spectra from the SNR and the bright source near its centre, and conduct spectral fitting of both regions. Results: We find IKT 16 to have a radius of 37+-3 pc, with the bright source located 8+-2 pc from the centre. This is the largest known SNR in the SMC. The large size of the remnant suggests it is likely in the Sedov-adiabatic phase of evolution. Using a Sedov model to fit the SNR spectrum, we find an electron temperature kT of 1.03+-0.12 keV and an age of 14700 yr. The absorption found requires the remnant to be located deep within the SMC. The bright source is fit with a power law with index 1.58+-0.07, and is associated with diffuse radio emission extending towards the centre of the SNR. We argue that this source is likely to be the neutron star remnant of the supernova explosion, and infer its transverse kick velocity to be 580+-100 km/s. The X-ray and radio properties of this source strongly favour a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) origin.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables. Submitted to A & A
Neoliberal desires, spectacles of market-nationalism, utopian performances : a feminist analysis of gendered cultural narratives in post-dictatorship Chile
Creators: name: Valle Castro, Manuela
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: My dissertation explores neoliberalism as a gendered cultural discourse in post-dictatorship Chile. I argue that the transformation of the developmentalist narrative (characteristic of the Popular Front and the Popular Unity) into a neoliberal narrative during the Dictatorship and the Transition, depended on the staging of a series of spectacles of gender and sexuality that offered new coordinates for subjectivation. Applying a feminist reading to a variety of materials from advertising, telenovelas, and media articles, I show how these cultural artifacts work to legitimize neoliberalism, reproduce or reinterpret national memories, and shape particular forms of (social, collective) desire through a narrative of “sexual freedom.” Through this analysis I provide evidence of how what I call “the sexualized spectacles of neoliberalism” recreate the coordinates of heterosexuality, sexual respectability and gender nationalism in post-dictatorship Chile. Freemarketism in Chile then has been sustained by gendered spectacles of “sexual freedom,” while laws and policies that regulate and discipline bodies are still articulated around notions of (hetero)sexual respectability. This leads me to ask how these spectacles and the narratives they articulate are being negotiated, resisted, and transformed through embodied queer and feminist political practices. I explore how activist performance has contributed to the expansion of cultural memories and the emergence of utopian political imaginaries and subjects in post-dictatorship Chile (1990-2013). I approach these questions from an interdisciplinary approach to feminist research, informed by discourse analysis, psychoanalysis, post-colonial theory, Latin American readings of queer theories, and cultural studies. I argue that the queer and feminist activist performances analyzed in this thesis enact femininity in a strategic, rather than essentialist manner, to oppose and subvert the militarized male gaze. These performances offer clues of alternative embodiments (through the aesthetics of horror and pornography, for instance), subjectivities, political projects, and political imaginations, in which the street is seen as a public space and stage for democracy, and subjectivities are based on the “interconnection of bodies,” rather than defined by the notion of individual rights and bodily sovereignty.
Modeling bound-to-continuum terahertz quantum cascade lasers: The role of Coulomb interactions
Creators: name: Jirauschek, Christian
name: Mátyás, Alpár
name: Lugli, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on an ensemble Monte Carlo analysis, we show that Coulomb interactions play a dominant role in bound-to-continuum terahertz quantum cascade lasers and thus require careful modeling. Coulomb interactions enter our simulation in the form of space charge effects as well as Coulomb scattering events. By comparison to a full many-subband Coulomb screening model, we show that simplified approaches produce considerable deviations for such structures. Also the spin dependence of electron-electron scattering has to be adequately considered. Moreover, we demonstrate that iterative Schrödinger-Poisson and carrier transport simulations are necessary to correctly account for space charge effects.
Structure and properties of chemically prepared nanographene islands characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Mayu
name: Obata, Seiji
name: Saiki, Koichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single layer graphene islands with a typical diameter of several nanometers were grown on a Pt (111) substrate. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) analysis showed most of islands are hexagonally shaped and the zigzag-type edge predominates over the armchair-type edge. The apparent height at the atoms on the zigzag edge is enhanced with respect to the inside atoms for a small sample bias voltage, while such an enhancement was not observed at the atoms on the armchair edge. This result provides an experimental evidence of spatially (at the zigzag edge) and energetically (at the Fermi level) localized edge state in the nanographene islands, which were prepared chemically on Pt (111).
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Criminal Justice and Community Psychology: Our Values and Our Work—The Introduction to the Special Issue
Creators: name: Shaw, Jessica
name: Rade, Candalyn B.
name: Fisher, Benjamin W.
name: Freund, Nicole
name: Tompsett, Carolyn J.
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This special issue of The American Journal of Community Psychology originated from the Society for Community Research and Action Criminal Justice interest group, with a goal of exploring the work of community psychologists intersecting with criminal justice research, practice, and policy and shaped by our shared values—equity, collaboration, creative maladjustment, social justice, and social science in the service of social justice. In this introduction, we discuss the socio-historical context of the special issue, followed by an outline of the special issue organization, and brief summary of the included papers. Across 13 papers and an invited commentary, we see the ways in which community psychologists are: (1) delivering and evaluating services, programming, or other supports to address the needs of system-involved people; and (2) working to improve the systems, structures, and interactions with units of criminal justice systems. Across these two sections, authors highlight the guiding role of our values to influence change within and outside of criminal-legal systems.
Continuum simulations of shocks and patterns in vertically oscillated granular layers
Creators: name: Bougie, J.
name: Duckert, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study interactions between shocks and standing-wave patterns in vertically oscillated layers of granular media using three-dimensional, time-dependent numerical solutions of continuum equations to Navier-Stokes order. We simulate a layer of grains atop a plate that oscillates sinusoidally in the direction of gravity. Standing waves form stripe patterns when the accelerational amplitude of the plate's oscillation exceeds a critical value. Shocks also form with each collision between the layer and the plate; we show that pressure gradients formed by these shocks cause the flow to reverse direction within the layer. This reversal leads to an oscillatory state of the pattern that is subharmonic with respect to the plate's oscillation. Finally, we study the relationship between shocks and patterns in layers oscillated at various frequencies and show that the pattern wavelength increases monotonically as the shock strength increases.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Trombe Curtain Wall Façade
Creators: name: Wüest, Thomas
name: Luible, Andreas
Publisher: name: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering
Year: 2019

description: In times of energy use awareness, decarbonisation, and resource efficiency, the performance of well-known façade components must be pushed beyond current limits through innovative designs and new combinations in construction. This paper presents an unconventional redesign of a double skin façade (DSF), based on Trombe wall principles, to enlarge solar gains in heating seasons and avoid overheating issues in summertime. The DSF variant is equipped with a thermal storage mass in the DSF cavity and interior insulation. The thermal mass, in this case concrete, is of a dark colour for high solar absorption, whereas the shading device is highly reflective. In contrast to traditional Trombe wall systems, this TCW is not supposed to actively heat interior space or transfer thermal energy. Instead, the TCW aims to regulate heat flux within the façade level by the management of solar thermal energy fluxes. The potential to reduce buildings’ heat losses through solar energy use is shown and compared to a traditional external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) with an appropriate insulation thickness for renovation purposes in Switzerland. The U-Value is therefore considerably lower, 0.25 instead of 0.41 for the TCW. Due to the innovative design and fully transient operation, a highly detailed and flexible simulation tool is needed to analyse and assess the façade performance. The decision to simulate the novel system was made for Modelica-Dymola, with its object-oriented, equation-based simulation language. The simulations of both TCW and ETICS show potential for heat loss reduction due to solar energy storage on every orientation. However, the TCW shows a high solar energy usage due to its ‘natural’ overheating tendency. Furthermore, heat losses are significantly lower than the U-Value predicts and, in some cases, even lower than the ETICS heat losses. In addition, due to its lower use of material and lower weight, the system can be used as a curtain wall system instead of traditional DSFs, which have higher heat losses in winter and higher solar gains in summer.
description: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2019): Special Issue Powerskin 2019
The ATLAS Pixel Insertable B-Layer (IBL)
Creators: name: Hügging, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ATLAS Detector will be upgraded for higher intensity running of the LHC. A long shutdown is envisioned in 2016 prior to the so-called Phase I running. A new pixel layer, called the Insertable B-Layer (IBL), will be inserted at a radius of about 3.2~cm between the existing Pixel Detector and a new (smaller radius) beam-pipe. The IBL requires the development of several new technologies to cope with the increased radiation level and pixel occupancy, as well as to improve the physics performance of the existing Pixel Detector. The IBL project provides a test of technologies for the Phase II upgrade of the entire ATLAS tracker for luminosities around 10^35 cm^-2s^-1. An overview of the project with particular emphasis on the IBL layout and expected performance as well as the module development including hybridization technologies is presented.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables, accepted by Nuclear Instruments and Methods A for publication
Quantum Einstein-Dirac Bianchi Universes
Creators: name: Damour, Thibault
name: Spindel, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the mini--superspace quantization of spatially homogeneous (Bianchi) cosmological universes sourced by a Dirac spinor field. The quantization of the homogeneous spinor leads to a finite-dimensional fermionic Hilbert space and thereby to a multi-component Wheeler-DeWitt equation whose main features are: (i) the presence of spin-dependent Morse-type potentials, and (ii) the appearance of a q-number squared-mass term, which is of order ${\cal O}(\hbar^2)$, and which is affected by ordering ambiguities. We give the exact quantum solution of the Bianchi type-II system (which contains both scattering states and bound states), and discuss the main qualitative features of the quantum dynamics of the (classically chaotic) Bianchi type-IX system. We compare the exact quantum dynamics of fermionic cosmological billiards to previous works that described the spinor field as being either classical or Grassmann-valued.
description: 50 pages
Editorial
Creators: name: Knaack, Ulrich
name: Klein, Tillmann
Publisher: name: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering
Year: 2019

description: This issue of the Journal of Façade Design and Engineering is a result of the second façade conference, PowerSkin, held on January 17th 2019, in the context of the building trade fair ‘BAU’ in Munich. The conference was organized collaboratively by TU Munich, TU Darmstadt, and TU Delft. All three universities conduct high-impact research and education in the field of building envelopes. The conference featured a mix of practice and education experiences, as well as scientific contributions, and aimed to answer the key question of the 2019 conference: How can digital tools and methods promote changes that aim towards the decarbonisation of the built environment and the improvement of well-being? The 2019 conference focused on the envelope as an integral part of the building and its energy system, as well as the main driver to create comfort. Thus, the envelope is understood in its condition of being a complex interface to the social, economic, and climatic environment in which we build our cities. The interaction between these topics, the influences they create, and the digital tools that have been developed and used to design and engineer building envelopes are the main focus points of each of the papers published in this issue. We thank our guest editors Thomas Auer (TU Munich) and Jens Schneider (TU Darmstadt), and their respective teams, who have been key partners in creating this special issue.
description: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2019): Special Issue Powerskin 2019
Accurate Measurement in the Field of the Earth of the General-Relativistic Precession of the LAGEOS II Pericenter and New Constraints on Non-Newtonian Gravity
Creators: name: Lucchesi, David M.
name: Peron, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pericenter shift of a binary system represents a suitable observable to test for possible deviations from the Newtonian inverse-square law in favor of new weak interactions between macroscopic objects. We analyzed 13 years of tracking data of the LAGEOS satellites with GEODYN II software but with no models for general relativity. From the fit of LAGEOS II pericenter residuals we have been able to obtain a 99.8% agreement with the predictions of Einstein's theory. This result may be considered as a 99.8% measurement in the field of the Earth of the combination of the γ and β parameters of general relativity, and it may be used to constrain possible deviations from the inverse-square law in favor of new weak interactions parametrized by a Yukawa-like potential with strength α and range λ. We obtained |α|\lesssim1\times10-11, a huge improvement at a range of about 1 Earth radius.
Opportunities and Challenges for Performance Prediction of Dynamic Complex Fenestration Systems (CFS)
Creators: name: De Michele, Giuseppe
name: Loonen, Roel
name: Saini, Hemshikha
name: Favoino, Fabio
name: Avesani, Stefano
name: Papaiz, Luca
name: Gasparella, Andrea
Publisher: name: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering
Year: 2018

description: This article presents an overview of possibilities and points of attention for modelling the performance of dynamic CFS in building performance simulation software. Following a detailed analysis of the unique requirements that are associated with modelling of CFS, a comparative study of the capabilities in different software implementations is presented. In addition, we present on overview of state-of-the-art approaches to obtain the necessary Bi-directional Scattering Distribution Functions (BSDF), involving experimental characterisation, databases, and component-level ray-tracing approaches. The second part of the paper provides a detailed discussion of a case study of a high reflective lamella system. This case study complements the review with hands-on information from a practical example and highlights the importance of developing models at the right level of complexity, taking into account the type of questions that the simulation intends to answer and the required accuracy level to do so.
description: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering, Vol. 6 No. 3 (2018): Special Issue FAÇADE 2018 – Adaptive!
Zusammenarbeiten in künstlerisch-wissenschaftlichen Komplizenschaften. Whitepaper zum Projekt The Entanglement between Gesture, Media, and Politics
Creators: name: Menrath, Stefanie Kiwi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Kunst und Wissenschaft
subject: Teilnehmende Beobachtung
subject: Ethnologie
subject: Cultural Studies
subject: FOS: Other humanities
subject: Artistic Research

description: Das Forschungsprojekt The Entanglement of Gesture, Media and Politics (EGMP) über die Verschränkungen körperlicher Gesten mit zeitgenössischen Medientechnologien fand von 2017 bis 2019, gefördert von der Volkswagen-Stiftung statt. Hier kamen Künstler*innen aus der Bildenden Kunst, der Medienkunst und der Performance sowie Kultur- und Medienwissenschaftler*innen sowohl aus Deutschland (vornehmlich Berlin) als auch aus Österreich (Wien) in einer Reihe von einwöchigen Workshops zusammen.
 Die Förderung des Projekts kam von der Volkswagen-Stiftung, die in den letzten Jahren ein verstärktes Engagement zur Förderung von Artistic Research gezeigt hat. Mit der Förderlinie Arts and Science in Motion sollten jedoch spezifisch Künstler*innen und Wissenschaftler*innen für neue Projekte zusammengeführt werden. Im Zuge einer Neubewertung von Wissen und eines kritischen Blicks auf die Wissenschaftspraxis wird die historisch gewachsene Abgrenzung zwischen Wissenschaft und Kunst seit vielen Jahren durch Grenzgänge zwischen künstlerisch-praktischem Tun und akademischer Reflektion herausgefordert. Am Beispiel des gemeinsamen Forschungsprojekts von Kunstschaffenden und Wissenschaftler*innen The Entanglement of Gesture, Media and Politics sollen im Folgenden die Herausforderungen und Potentiale einer Kollaboration der historisch gewachsenen Wissenskulturen Kunst und Wissenschaft in einen empirischen Blick genommen werden. Wie begegnen die Beteiligten konkret den interdisziplinären Herausforderungen? Welche Formen der Zusammenarbeit finden sie und wie gehen sie mit der Diversität der Gruppe um? Was sind verbindende Faktoren und was nehmen die Beteiligten aus dem Projekt mit? Mit Komplizenschaft wird dabei eine kollaborative Aktionsform mit einer spezifischen sozialen Dynamik benannt, wie sie in solchen heterogenen Zusammenhängen vorkommt oder zumindest angestrebt wird. Komplizenschaften begegnen der interdisziplinären Herausforderung mit einer affektiven „Verstrickung“ auf kurze Zeit. Wie und ob Komplizenschaften gelingen, hängt stark von den Projekt-Rahmenbedingungen ab. — Das Projekt EGMP wurde durchgeführt an der Hochschule für Bildende Künste Braunschweig; gefördert durch die Volkswagen-Stiftung im Rahmen des Programms Arts & Science in Motion; unterstützt von der Universität für angewandte Kunst Wien.
Transport parameters in neutron stars from in-medium NN cross sections
Creators: name: Zhang, H. F.
name: Lombardo, U.
name: Zuo, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a numerical study of shear viscosity and thermal conductivity of symmetric nuclear matter, pure neutron matter and $β$-stable nuclear matter, in the framework of the Brueckner theory. The calculation of in-medium cross sections and nucleon effective masses is performed with a consistent two and three body interaction. The investigation covers a wide baryon density range as requested in the applications to neutron stars. The results for the transport coefficients in $β$-stable nuclear matter are used to make preliminary predictions on the damping time scales of non radial modes in neutron stars.
Mesoscopic modelling of financial markets
Creators: name: Cordier, S.
name: Pareschi, L.
name: Piatecki, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a mesoscopic description of the behavior of a simple financial market where the agents can create their own portfolio between two investment alternatives: a stock and a bond. The model is derived starting from the Levy-Levy-Solomon microscopic model (Econ. Lett., 45, (1994), 103--111) using the methods of kinetic theory and consists of a linear Boltzmann equation for the wealth distribution of the agents coupled with an equation for the price of the stock. From this model, under a suitable scaling, we derive a Fokker-Planck equation and show that the equation admits a self-similar lognormal behavior. Several numerical examples are also reported to validate our analysis.
Understanding the experience of paraprofessional support in the Veterans Transition Network : what helped and hindered
Creators: name: Lapsley, Sara E.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Paraprofessional support is a widely used intervention with military populations, although the mechanisms underlying its effectiveness are not fully understood. The Veterans Transition Network (VTN) offers group programming for military veterans experiencing challenges transitioning back to civilian life. Initial research has suggested it has beneficial outcomes for participants. Former participants of the VTN are trained as paraprofessionals and help deliver the program. The involvement of paraprofessionals is considered integral to the VTN, although little is known about how their role impacts the group participants. This study uses the Enhanced Critical Incident Technique (ECIT) method to understand how participants in the VTN experienced paraprofessional support and identify what helped and hindered this process. Eight graduates of the VTN were interviewed using an interview protocol that elicited helpful and hindering aspects of the paraprofessional role, and they were asked to suggest resources or process (i.e. Wish List items) that they might have liked to see in regards to the role of the paraprofessionals. Data analysis resulted in 19 categories, comprised of 182 Helpful, 37 Hindering, and 18 Wish List incidents. Helping categories highlighted the importance of shared experience and the role the paraprofessionals played in quickly building trust, supporting and coaching, and bridging differences between the clinicians and the group members. The paraprofessionals were integral to the group process in that they set norms for group behaviour, and modelled the group processes by going first in group activities. Hindering incidents related to lack of training, the perception that paraprofessionals were caught between the clinicians and the group members, issues of rank, and social distance between paraprofessionals and group members. Wish List items included training initiatives, matching paraprofessionals with group members based on common factors such as age and military experience, more social time with paraprofessionals, meeting the paraprofessionals beforehand, and better follow-up. The findings are congruent with previous literature on paraprofessional support and shed light on additional mechanisms that are the result of the unique nature of the VTN therapeutic intervention. Recommendations for training are made that may contribute to the effectiveness of paraprofessional support in the VTN.
Accuracy features for quantum process tomography using superconductor phase qubits
Creators: name: Bogdanov, Yu. I.
name: Nuyanzin, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method for precision statistical control of quantum processes based on superconductor phase qubits. Using the universal quantum tomography method, we provide a detailed analysis of accuracy of tomography for a 2-qubit gate SQiSW, which arises due to capacitive coupling between qubits. The developed approach could be successfully applied for quality and efficiency problems of superconductor quantum information technologies.
description: The paper is based on presentation at conference "Nanophysics" (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 14-19 March 2011) Accepted for publication in journal "Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics"
Electrodynamics from Noncommutative Geometry
Creators: name: Dungen, Koen van den
name: van Suijlekom, Walter D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the framework of Connes' noncommutative geometry, the notion of an almost commutative manifold can be used to describe field theories on compact Riemannian spin manifolds. The most notable example is the derivation of the Standard Model of high energy physics from a suitably chosen almost commutative manifold. In contrast to such a non-abelian gauge theory, it has long been thought impossible to describe an abelian gauge theory within this framework. The purpose of this paper is to improve on this point. We provide a simple example of a commutative spectral triple based on the two-point space, and show that it yields a U(1) gauge theory. Then, we slightly modify the spectral triple such that we obtain the full classical theory of electrodynamics on a curved background manifold.
description: 16 pages
Rethinking Adaptive Building Skins from a Life Cycle Assessment perspective
Creators: name: Crespi, Manuela
name: Persiani, Sandra Giulia Linnea
Publisher: name: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering
Year: 2019

description: Adaptive building technologies have opened up a growing field of research aimed at ensuring indoor comfort while reducing energy consumption in buildings. By focusing on flexibility over short timeframes, these new technologies are, however, rarely designed for sustainability over their entire lifecycle. This paper aims to address an information gap between the research field of architectural Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the state of the art of adaptive façades, by presenting an analysis of the main aspects in traditional and adaptive façades that are relevant to understanding whether parallels can be drawn between available LCA databases. The literature is reviewed following an inductive method based on a qualitative data collection aimed at answering a list of research questions, and a deductive method starting from the descriptions of adaptive building envelopes. The findings highlight four main points: i) where and how adaptivity is integrated, ii) the design targets that are able to reduce the environmental impact, iii) the importance of a qualitative as well as a quantitative LCA of the technology, and iv) lists a number of knowledge gaps currently limiting the diffusion of LCA as a design and verification tool in Adaptive Building Skins.
description: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering, Vol. 7 No. 2 (2019): Facade Design and Engineering