cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lost congregations: the crisis facing later post-medieval urban burial grounds
Creators: name: Sayer, Duncan
name: Symonds, James
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2020

description: Church Archaeology, 5-6, 55-61
description: This article takes as its point of departure the loss of various 18th and 19th- century burial grounds to development in South Yorkshire. Case studies are given based upon recent work at Sheffield Cathedral, the Peace Gardens, and Carver Street Methodist Chapel, Sheffield, as well as the New Street Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, Barnsley. Current archaeological approaches to the study of 18th and 19th- century burials are far from satisfactory. There is an urgent need for curatorial archaeologists to stress the importance of such later post-medieval urban burial grounds to potential developers, and for contracting archaeologists to ensure that proper provision, both in terms of access and funding, is made by their clients for appropriate scientific study. The information gained from the study of later post-medieval urban burials would benefit from synthesis and analysis at a regional level. This may serve to establish variations in osteological data, as well as funerary practices and associated material culture within and between different congregational groups and different localities. In support of this suggestion we examine the significance of Nonconformist burial grounds and identify some potential research questions for future work.
Overstability of the 2:1 mean motion resonance: Exploring disc parameters with hydrodynamic simulations
Creators: name: Afkanpour, Zahra
name: Ataiee, Sareh
name: Ziampras, Alexandros
name: Penzlin, Anna B. T.
name: Sfair, Rafael
name: Schäfer, Christoph
name: Kley, Wilhelm
name: Schlichting, Hilke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resonant planetary migration in protoplanetary discs can lead to an interplay between the resonant interaction of planets and their disc torques called overstability. While theoretical predictions and N-body simulations hinted at its existence, there was no conclusive evidence until hydrodynamical simulations were performed.
 Our primary purpose is to find a hydrodynamic setup that induces overstability in a planetary system with two moderate-mass planets in a first-order 2:1 mean motion resonance. We also aim to analyse the impact of key disc parameters, namely the viscosity, surface density, and aspect ratio, on the occurrence of overstability in this planetary system when the masses of the planets are kept constant.
 We performed 2D locally isothermal hydrodynamical simulations of two planets, with masses of 5 and 10 $M_{\oplus}$, in a 2:1 resonance. Upon identifying the fiducial model in which the system exhibits overstability, we performed simulations with different disc parameters to explore the effects of the disc on the overstability of the system.
 We observe an overstable planetary system in our hydrodynamic simulations. In the parameter study, we note that overstability occurs in discs characterised by low surface density and low viscosity. Increasing the surface density reduces the probability of overstability within the system. A limit cycle was observed in a specific viscous model with $α_ν = 10^{-3}$. In almost all our models, planets create partial gaps in the disc, which affects both the migration timescale and structure of the planetary system.
 We demonstrate the existence of overstability using hydrodynamic simulations but find deviations from the analytic approximation and show that the main contribution to this deviation can be attributed to dynamic gap opening.
description: 16 pages (including appendices), 27 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication by A&A
Validity of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage and nephrectomy as biological procedures for determining fate and excretion of anticonvulsant drugs.
Creators: name: Schiffman, Donald Owen
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Pharmacokinetics
Renal Phamacology

description: Carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage and nephrectomy are commonly used to determine the fate and excretion of anticonvulsant drugs. It is generally assumed that such alterations do not otherwise affect the response of the central nervous system to such drugs or to the tests employed to measure their activity. In order to test this assumption, the effects of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage and of nephrectomy on the pattern of maximal electroshock seizures (MES) and on the anticonvulsant activity of drugs with known metabolic fates were determined. The effective dose fifty (ED50) of barbital sodium (excreted by the kidney) and of pentobarbital sodium (detoxified by the liver) was determined in rats at various time intervals after drug administration by the MES test (150 mA, 0.2 sec., a.c., corneal electrodes). The effects of carbon tetrachloride on MES pattern and on the anticonvulsant activity of the two drugs tested were determined U8 hours after the subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (2 ml./kgm. of a 50 per cent w/v solution in peanut oil). The effects of partial hepatectomy and bilateral nephrectomy on MES pattern and on the anticonvulsant activity of the two barbiturates were determined 12 hours after the surgical procedures were performed. The effects of administration of carbon tetrachloride on glomerular filtration rate (measured by inulin clearance) and on the excretion of barbital sodium were also studied. The results were analyzed for statistical significance and may be summarized as follows:  1. Carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage had no significant effect either on the MES pattern or on the ED50s of barbital sodium, but significantly decreased the ED50s of pentobarbital sodium at all time intervals studied.  2. Partial hepatectomy altered slightly the MES pattern, but had no significant effect on the ED50s of barbital sodium.  In contrast, the ED50s of pentobarbital sodium were (significantly decreased at all time intervals studied.  3. Bilateral nephrectomy had no significant effect either on the MES pattern or on the ED50s of pentobarbital sodium, but significantly decreased the ED$0 of barbital sodium by the 12-hour interval.  4. Carbon tetrachloride administration did not significantly alter glomerular filtration rate, as measured by inulin clearance.  On the other hand, barbital sodium excretion was a significantly prolonged in treated animals.  It is concluded that carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage and nephrectomy provide useful methods for the study of the fate and excretion of anticonvulsant drags in rats.
The effect of rifampin on theophylline pharmacokinetic parameters (following intravenous aminophylline) in normal volunteers
Creators: name: Boyce, Eric Glenn
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2013

description: Many drug interactions are discovered serendipitously. However, it is possible to predict the potential for ann interaction between two drugs based on the physical, chemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacological properties of those drugs. The effect of such an interaction on the patient is dependent on many factors, including the nature and magnitude of the interaction, and is therefore difficult to predict. A potential interaction would best be studied in a controlled experimental setting to limit the interference of variable and to protect the subjects. A potential interaction may exist between rifampin and theophylline. Rifampin has been shown to induce microsomal enzymes and to alter the clearance of many drugs. Theophylline is metabolized by microsomal enzymes and has demonstrated an increase in clearance following conditions that increase microsomal activity. To date, the interaction between these two drugs in humans has not been described, but a recent study demonstrated no interaction between these two dugs in rabbits. However, since the effect of rifampin on drug clearance has shown interspecies variation, an interaction between rifampin and theophylline may exist in humans.
The effect of metyrapone on the elimination kinetics and metabolic fate of acetaminophen in man
Creators: name: Pribble, John Patrick
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2013

description: Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic which when taken in recommended doses is both safe and effective. However, acetaminophen ingested in large doses such as encountered in suicide attempts, may result in massive, sometimes fatal, hepatic and renal necrosis. Acetaminphen-induced hepatotoxicity results from the metabolic conversion of acetaminophen to a quantitatively minor reactive metabolite by cytochrome P-450-mediated oxidation. Direct inhibition of this role of metabolism may be useful in the treatment of acetaminophen overdose, possibly as an adjunct to N-acetylcysteine. To date, few clinical trials have been conducted to support the use of cytochrome P-450 inhibitors in this setting.
The effect of cimetidine on serum concentrations of piroxicam
Creators: name: Mailhot, Claude
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2013

description: Drug interactions are a major factor in the etiology of adverse drug reactions. Because patients often take more than one medication, the possibility of a patient experiencing an adverse drug interaction is of concern. Numerous drug interactions caused by cimetidine, a potent H2 receptor antagonist, have been documented in humans. Cimetidine has been shown to decrease the elimination of a variety of drugs including, antiprrine, aminopyrine, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, warfarin, theophylline, quinidine, carbamazepine, and phenytoin. All of the above mentioned drugs are eliminated after metabolism by mixed function oxidases in the liver, suggesting that cimetidine inhibits the action of the cytochrome P-450 oxidative enzymes. Assuming that the hydroxylation of piroxicam is cytochrome P-450 mediated, the addition of cimetidine to the therapeutic regimen of a patient on piroxicam could result in a decrease in piroxicam elimination and prolongation of its effect. Prolongation of the antiprostaglandin effect is of clinical concern because it may increase the hazard of renal dysfunction in patients at risk. The purpose of this study was to determine if serum concentrations of piroxicam following a single oral dose are altered by previous and concurrent administration of cimetidine.
Reconstructing the English medieval parish church chantries and chapels: an archaeological approach
Creators: name: Roffey, Simon
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2020

description: Church Archaeology, 5-6, 62-68
description: The study of medieval chantry chapels has recently reached an impasse in that they have been subject to historical and architectural research, and some of the finest, predominately monastic, examples have been studied in some detail. But a considerable amount of evidence for chantries and late medieval religion can be recovered by studying surviving structural evidence and much more can be revealed, especially at parish level, by the application of modern archaeological and analytical techniques.
What price compromise? Archaeological investigations at St. Bartholomew's church, Penn, Wolverhampton
Creators: name: Boyle, Angela
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2020

description: Church Archaeology, 5-6, 69-79
description: Archaeological investigation undertaken prior to the building of an extension at St Bartholomew's Church in the summer of 1999 has revealed interesting insights into the life of the people of Penn in the 18th and 19th centuries. A total of 372 burials had to be moved and were recorded before being re-interred in the northern portion of the graveyard. From legible plates and stones it was possible to identify 49 named individuals, many of whom had been buried in underground vaults and shafts. Overall it can be said from the evidence recorded during the examination of the skeletons that during the 18th and 19th century the people of Penn were in good health and generally lived well into old age. A variety of different burial types were revealed. The majority of individuals were buried in shrouds and laid in earth-cut graves, or within wooden coffins, often with brass or iron fittings. It is likely that the majority of the individuals buried in earth-cut graves are earlier: most were deeper and were cut by later burials, some of which could be dated to the 18th and 19th centuries. A number of the coffin fittings are as yet unparalleled elsewhere. Some individuals were buried within elaborate triple-shell lead and wooden coffins, often within brick-shaft graves or larger brick-built family vaults. In addition to discussing the results, this article attempts to evaluate the success of the project. The methodology was loosely based on a small group of broadly similar projects combined with the author's own past experience.
Ensemble power spectral density of SDSS quasars in UV/optical bands
Creators: name: Petrecca, Vincenzo
name: Papadakis, Iossif
name: Paolillo, Maurizio
name: De Cicco, Demetra
name: Bauer, Franz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Quasar variability has proven to be a powerful tool to constrain the properties of their inner engine and the accretion process onto supermassive black holes. Correlations between UV/optical variability and physical properties have been long studied with a plethora of different approaches and time-domain surveys, although the detailed picture is not yet clear. Aims: We analysed archival data from the SDSS Stripe-82 region to study how the quasar power spectral density (PSD) depends on the black hole mass, bolometric luminosity, accretion rate, redshift, and rest-frame wavelength. We developed a model-independent analysis framework that could be easily applied to upcoming large surveys such as the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). Methods: We used light curves of 8042 spectroscopically confirmed quasars, observed in at least six yearly seasons in five filters ugriz. We split the sample into bins of similar physical properties containing at least 50 sources, and we measured the ensemble PSD in each of them. Results: We find that a simple power law is a good fit to the power spectra in the frequency range explored. Variability does not depend on redshift at a fixed wavelength. Instead, both PSD amplitude and slope depend on the black hole mass, accretion rate, and rest-frame wavelength. We provide scaling relations to model the observed variability as a function of the physical properties, and discuss the possibility of a universal PSD shape for all quasars, where frequencies scale with the black hole mass, while normalization and slope(s) are fixed (at any given wavelength and accretion rate).
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
title: LOW-GI group
title: Metaboanalyst
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Kripp, Anna
Year: 2023
Subjects: Ernährungswissenschaften
Nutritional sciences
ÖFOS 2012 -- HUMANMEDIZIN, GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN (3) -- Gesundheitswissenschaften (303) -- Gesundheitswissenschaften (3030) -- Ernährungswissenschaften (303009)
ÖFOS 2012 -- HUMAN MEDICINE, HEALTH SCIENCES (3) -- Health Sciences (303) -- Health Sciences (3030) -- Nutritional sciences (303009)
LOW-GI

description: File contains peaks from LOW-GI group and can directly be uploaded into Metaboanalyst
Viviparius limestone ('Purbeck Marble'): a key to financially well-endowed churches in the London basin
Creators: name: Potter, John
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2020

description: Church Archaeology, 5-6, 80-91
description: Within the London Basin a large number of ecclesiastical buildings incorporate in their monumental, or internal or external structure, Viviparus limestone (approaching 100% of the fossil ViviparusJ, generally in the form of 'Purbeck Marble'. Much of the material today appears as re-used blocks in external church walls. The geographical distribution of these churches is illustrated and examined. This distribution, together with the expense of quarrying, polishing and the transportation of the ornamental limestone, suggest that, at least for the period of its first utilisation, the churches containing the material were particularly financially well-endowed, with respect to comparable churches of similar size.
Plant geographic distribution influences chemical defences in native and introduced Plantago lanceolata populations
Creators: name: Medina-Van Berkum, Pamela
name: Meis, Julia
name: Welk, Erik
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 580

description: Plants growing outside their native range may be confronted by new regimes of herbivory, but how this affects plant chemical defence profiles has rarely been studied. Using Plantago lanceolata as a model species, we investigated whether introduced populations show significant differences from native populations in several growth and chemical defence traits. Plantago lanceolata (ribwort plantain) is an herbaceous plant species native to Europe and Western Asia that has been introduced to numerous countries worldwide. We sampled seeds from nine native and 10 introduced populations that covered a broad geographic and environmental range and performed a greenhouse experiment, in which we infested half of the plants in each population with caterpillars of the generalist herbivore Spodoptera littoralis. We then measured size-related and resource-allocation traits as well as the levels of constitutive and induced chemical defence compounds in roots and shoots of P. lanceolata. When we considered the environmental characteristics of the site of origin, our results revealed that populations from introduced ranges were characterized by an increase in chemical defence compounds without compromising plant biomass. The concentrations of iridoid glycosides and verbascoside, the major anti-herbivore defence compounds of P. lanceolata, were higher in introduced populations than in native populations. In addition, introduced populations exhibited greater rates of herbivore-induced volatile organic compound emission and diversity, and similar chemical diversity based on untargeted analyses of leaf methanol extracts. In conclusion, the geographic origin of the populations had a significant influence on morphological and chemical plant traits, suggesting that P. lanceolata populations are not only adapted to different environments in their native range, but also in their introduced range.
title: Streaming Multi-core Sample-based Bayesian Analysis
Creators: name: Varsi, Alessandro
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2021

description: Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods are a well-established family of Bayesian inference algorithms for performing state estimation for Non-Linear Non-Gaussian models. As the models become more accurate, the run-time of SMC applications becomes increasingly slow. Parallel computing can be used to compensate for this side-effect. However, an efficient parallelisation of SMC is hard to achieve, due to the challenges involved in parallelising the bottleneck, resampling, and its constituent redistribute step. While redistribution can be performed in O((N/T) x logN) on a Shared Memory Architecture (SMA) using T parallel threads (e.g. a GPU or mainstream CPUs), a state-of-the-art redistribute takes O((logN)^2) computations on Distributed Memory Architectures (DMAs) which most supercomputers are made of. In this thesis, the focus is on three major goals. First, the thesis proposes a novel parallel redistribute for DMAs which achieves O(logN) time complexity. It is shown that on Message Passing Interface (MPI) the novel redistribute is up to eight times faster than the O((logN)^2) one. On a cluster of 256 cores, an SMC method employing the O((logN)^2) redistribute becomes up to six times faster when switching to the novel redistribution, which is also proved to no longer be the bottleneck. For the same number of cores, the maximum reported speed-up vs a single-core SMC method is 160. A patent application on this invention is currently filed. Second, the thesis describes a novel parallel redistribute for SMAs which takes O((N/T) + logN) steps and fully exploits the computational power of SMAs. The proposed approach is up to six times faster than the O((N/T) x logN) one. This shared memory implementation is then combined with the MPI O(logN) redistribution to obtain a hybrid distributed-shared memory parallel redistribute that fully exploits the large parallelism that modern supercomputers offer. In the end, to make these advances widely available this thesis presents Streaming-Stan and SMC-Stan, two extension packages for Stan, a popular statistical programming language. Streaming-Stan and SMC-Stan offer the possibility to describe models by using the same intuitive syntax used by regular Stan, but they are also equipped with the aforementioned High Performance Computing (HPC) SMC method, in the form of Fixed-Lag SMC and SMC sampler respectively. The same SMC methods also provide a vast choice of proposal distributions, including (on Streaming-Stan) two novel ones, presented in this thesis, which combine the main features of Fixed-Lag SMC methods with Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) and No-U-Turn Sampler (NUTS).
Operative management of osteochondral lesions of the talus : 2024 recommendations of the working group ‘clinical tissue regeneration’ of the German Society of Orthopedics and Traumatology (DGOU)
Creators: name: Walther, Markus
name: Gottschalk, Oliver
name: Aurich, Matthias
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: The working group ‘Clinical Tissue Regeneration’ of the German Society of Orthopedics and Traumatology (DGOU) issues this paper with updating its guidelines. Literature was analyzed regarding different topics relevant to osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) treatment. This process concluded with a statement for each topic reflecting the best scientific evidence available with a grade of recommendation. All group members rated the statements to identify possible gaps between literature and current clinical practice. Fixation of a vital bony fragment should be considered in large fragments. In children with open physis, retrograde drilling seems to work better than in adults, but even there, the revision rate reaches 50%. The literature supports debridement with bone marrow stimulation (BMS) in lesions smaller than 1.0 cm² without bony defect. The additional use of a scaffold can be recommended in lesions larger than 1.0 cm². For other scaffolds besides AMIC®/Chondro-Gide®, there is only limited evidence. Systematic reviews report good to excellent clinical results in 87% of the patients after osteochondral transplantation (OCT), but donor site morbidity is of concern, reaching 16.9%. There is no evidence of any additional benefit from autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI). Minced cartilage lacks any supporting data. Metallic resurfacing of OLT can only be recommended as a second-line treatment. A medial malleolar osteotomy has a minor effect on the clinical outcome compared to the many other factors influencing the clinical result.
Recent work at Meaux Abbey
Creators: name: Foster, Charlotte
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2020

description: Church Archaeology, 5-6, 92-98
description: Meaux Abbey, a daughter house of Fountains Abbey, is extremely fortunate in that it has excellent documentation; a number of buildings were described in Abbot Thomas Burtons Chronicle of 1396 -9, spanning 250 years; we know that the abbey developed from early flimsy wattle and daub temporary structures to timber and later, when a quarry was available, to stone. Although there are no extant buildings, documentation illustrates much of the history, economic activities and architectural development of the convent; and because the site was preserved under permanent pasture since the 1540s significant archaeological remains are believed to survive largely undisturbed by antiquarian and later investigations. Research for a doctoral thesis at the University of Sheffield has used documentary evidence, the results of earlier excavations and survey, an RCHM earthwork survey and new resistivity survey to provide greater understanding of the outer precinct, its layout, the way it was used, and its relationship between the inner and outer courts. The site has enormous potential for further investigation, including a need for limited carefully targeted research excavation which could be justified by the increasing levels of desiccation and damage.
Continuing education course in microbiology for registered nurses
Creators: name: Fenn, JoAnn Parker
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Utah
Clinical Microbiology

description: Continuing education in the health professions is now a necessity for the administration of quality health care. Continuing education courses can provide awarenesses of technological changes as well as refresh memories of basic principles and theories once learned in undergraduate schooling. The nursing profession is not exempt from this and is actively defining those continuing education topics needed by working nurses.  The purpose of this study was: (1) to determine if nurses are interested in learning more about clinical microbiology in a continuing education course; (2) to determine what specific topics in microbiology would be the most important to emphasize in a continuing education course for nurses; (3) to recommend a course of study in clinical microbiology geared towards the working nurse.  Questionnaires were sent to 200 registered nurses in the state of Utah. The random sample was taken from the population of nurses living in the Davis, Salt Lake, Utah, and Weber counties. Forty-five percent of the nurses responded, and the results were analyzed on the computer. Frequency distributions aided in pinpointing nursing duties which related to clinical microbiology. Crosstabulations were also performed in order to determine whether or not any specialized groups or areas of nursing have specific needs in the area of microbiology.  A very high percentage of nurses indicated interest in a continuing education course in microbiology. The analysis of the questionnaire showed that certain basic microbiology topics, such as specimen collection, are often included in routine nursing duties and should definitely be included in the course content. It may also be possible, from the information gathered in this study, to project a relevant undergraduate microbiology course for nurses.
BeyonCE -- Light Curve Modelling Beyond Circular Eclipsers I. Shallot Explorer
Creators: name: van Dam, Dirk
name: Kenworthy, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Time-series photometry has given astronomers the tools to study time-dependent astrophysical phenomena, from stellar activity to fast radio bursts and exoplanet transits. Transit events in particular are focused primarily on planetary transits, and eclipsing binaries with eclipse geometries that are parameterised with a few variables, while more complex light curves caused by substructure within the transiting object require customized analysis code.
 Aims. We present Beyond Circular Eclipsers (BeyonCE), which reduces the parameter space encompassed by the transit of circum-secondary disc (CSD) systems with azimuthally symmetric non-uniform optical depth profiles. By rejecting disc geometries that cannot reproduce the measured gradients within their light curves, we can constrain the size and orientation of discs with complex sub-structure.
 Methods. We map out all the possible geometries of a disc, calculate the gradients for rings crossing the star, then reject those configurations where the measured gradient of the light curve is greater than the theoretical gradient from the given disc orientation.
 Results. We present the fitting code BeyonCE and demonstrate its effectiveness in considerably reducing the parameter space of discs that contain azimuthally symmetric structure by analyzing the light curves seen towards J1407 and PDS 110 which are attributed to CSD transits.
description: Beyonce program can be found at https://github.com/dmvandamt/beyonce
Controls on phytolith stability upon exposure in paddy soils
Creators: name: Koebernick, Nicolai
name: Mikutta, Robert
name: Kaiser, Klaus
name: Klotzbücher, Anika
name: Nguyen, Anh T. Q.
name: Nguyen, Minh N.
name: Klotzbücher, Thimo
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 550

description: Phytoliths are an important component in the cycling of silicon (Si) in rice cultivation, yet little is known about their medium to long-term stability. While it is commonly accepted that phytolith solubility in soil decreases with time, the mechanisms that cause this decrease remain unclear. Most studies on phytolith aging to date have been conducted under laboratory conditions and field studies are rare. Here, we present a comprehensive field study of phytolith aging in paddy and non-paddy fields in the Philippines and Vietnam. Phytoliths extracted from rice straw were placed in mesh bags and exposed to ambient soil conditions for up to 550 days. Following exposure, total mass loss and changes in physical (particle size, specific surface area, ζ potential) and chemical (surface chemical composition by acid digestion and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) properties as well as dissolution kinetics (56 days in 0.1 M CaCl2 at pH 6.5) were determined. Phytolith dissolution in the field was rapid (up to 30 % mass loss) and three times faster in paddy than in non-paddy soils. Differences in phytolith properties were unexpectedly little between paddy and non-paddy soils. Laboratory and field-derived dissolution rates decreased with exposure time but were one order of magnitude lower in the field. While laboratory dissolution rates were negatively related to surface Al contents this was not observed for field-exposed phytoliths. Our findings suggest that under natural field conditions, phytolith dissolution is overwhelmingly governed by water regime, while the influence of protective surface coatings is only minor. We conclude that reliable estimates of phytolith dissolution can be best obtained in field experiments.
Benefit respresentative specialist initiation study.
Creators: name: Jacobs, Alana C.
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Mentally Disabled Persons
Mental Health Services

description: People with severe and persistent mental illnesses often require a representative payee, a third party responsible for utilizing public support to insure that day-to-day basic economic demands of living within the community are met.  This study examined the changes in utilization of mental health services 12 months prior and 12 months following implementation of the benefit representative specialist (BRS) initiation.  This study also examined the change in cost of care for services 12 months prior and 12 months following implementation of BRS initiation.  Community mental health (CMH) agency databases were analyzed for services.  Services were grouped into three categories: (a) number of days of inpatient psychiatric hospitalization, (b) outpatient CMH agency services, and (c) CMH agency supported housing.  Subjects utilizing CMH agency-supported housing utilized BRS services twice as often as those subjects not in CMH housing.  Subjects not in housing increased their utilization of day treatment.  CMH housing represented the highest cost program.  BRS initiation was the lowest cost program.  Changes in service utilization indicated increased treatment compliance/participation by subjects.  Number of days of impatient psychiatric hospitalization was found to be unexpectedly low.
Percutaneous reduction of thoracolumbar fractures using monoaxial screws : comparison of two instruments based on initial reduction and loss of reduction
Creators: name: Aydin, Esra
name: Schenk, Philipp
name: Jacobi, Arija
name: Mendel, Thomas
name: Klauke, Friederike
name: Ullrich, Bernhard Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Introduction: Percutaneous techniques for the surgical treatment of vertebral fractures are constantly progressing. There are different biomechanics involved. Research question: Two percutaneous, monoaxial fixation systems with different reduction tools were analyzed in relation to their reduction capacity. Additionally, the impact of anterior fusion, fracture severity and bone quality on reduction and loss of reduction were examined. Material and methods: 117 cases were retrospectively included in the monocentric study. The subsample (N = 53) with complete data at follow-up times was used to analyze the influence of anterior fusion. The dependencies on fracture severity and bone quality were determined using Spearman and Pearson correlation. Results: Both systems achieved equally good reduction (9° mean, 95%-CI: 8°–11°, p < 0.001). Anterior fused patients showed not significant (p = 0.057) less loss of reduction over time. Fracture severity had neither an influence on reduction or loss of reduction. Bone quality was positively correlated with greater amount of reduction and less loss of reduction. Early reduction within two days correlated with a greater amount of reduction (p = 0.006). Screw diameters and the patient's weight had no influence on loss of reduction. Complications occurred only in “V2” group. Discussion and conclusion: Both systems are equivalent in reduction ability. The additional anterior fusion did not result in significantly lower reduction losses. The subsample being small, is a limitation. Good bone quality correlates with better initial reduction and less reduction loss. A preoperative bone density measurement can lead to optimization of surgical techniques.
Kinetics of homologous recombination in Xenopus oocytes: effects of homology length and substrate concentration.
Creators: name: Dawson, Renée Janine
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Kinetics
DNA

description: We use oocyte nuclei from the South African frog, Xenopus laevis, as an in vivo system for the study of extrachromosomal homologous recombination.  Previous experiments from our lab have best supported an annealing mechanism which we refer to as resection-annealing to emphasize the role of the 5'? 3' exonuclease activity.  In the work presented here, predictions of the resection-annealing mechanism were tested by comparing the kinetics and overall recombination efficiency of several related substrates with increasing homology lengths.  After incubation in oocyte nuclei, DNAs with longer homologous repeats were resected more extensively before they appeared as joint molecules and had longer single-stranded tails on the recombination intermediates.  Substrates with longer homologies were slower to form recombination intermediates and slower to form complete recombination products.  These findings provide further support for the resection-annealing mechanism and indicate that the 5'? 3' exonuclease activity is rate-limiting.  When coinjected, the expected length dependence of recombination kinetics was not apparent. Kinetic differences were minimal and only visible in early time points.  We propose that the length dependence is obscured by the cumulative effects of end competition--the longer homology act as a sponge for the binding of the repartitioning exonuclease released when the shorter homology is resected.  When 10[7] substrate ends were injected, the formation of recombination products can still be accounted for by the resection-annealing mechanism.  However, this 250-fold decrease in substrate concentration resulted in a dramatic decrease in reaction efficiency.  The simplest explanation for this shift in reaction balance is that competing activities, or other rate-limiting steps, are saturated when the substrate is in vast excess (10[9] ends), and that these activities or factors are uncovered when fewer substrates (10[7] ends) are injected.  There is evidence to suggest that rate of bimolecular annealing and the removal rate of unpairable nucleotides on the 3' ends may contribute to the overall reaction rate and affect the reaction balance.  We propose that the extension of repair synthesis primed by the completely annealed 3' ends is responsible for the removal of the 5'? 3' exonuclease activity from the annealed intermediate.
Understanding peer effects: On the nature, estimation, and channels of peer effects
Creators: name: Feld, Jan
name: Zölitz, U
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 140299 Applied Economics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper estimates peer effects in a university context where students are randomly assigned to sections. While students benefit from better peers on average, low-achieving students are harmed by high-achieving peers. Analyzing students’ course evaluations suggests that peer effects are driven by improved group interaction rather than adjustments in teachers’ behavior or students’ effort. Building on Angrist’s research, we further show that classical measurement error in a setting where group assignment is systematic can lead to a substantial overestimation of peer effects. However, when group assignment is random—like in our setting—peer effect estimates are biased toward zero.
Lupane acetates in small molecule drug hybrids : probing their inhibitory activity for carbonic anhydrase II
Creators: name: Denner, Toni-Christopher
name: Heise, Niels Valentin
name: Zacharias, Julian
name: Csuk, René
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 540

description: Earlier studies had shown the potential of modified pentacyclic triterpenes as possible inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase II (CA II). In an extension of our earlier studies, betulin, betulinic acid and, for comparison purposes, glycyrrhetinic acid, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid were therefore converted into the respective acetates and linked to either taurinamide or de-acetylated acetazolamide via a variable linker. In particular, the derivatives 8 and 18 derived from betulinic acid or betulin and provided with a long spacer were found to be strong competitive inhibitors of CA II, thereby holding Ki = 1.27 and 0.20 μM, respectively.
Johannes Itten: Kunstunterricht
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1931

description: Typoskript (zweifache Ausführung) zum Aufsatz "Kunstunterricht" von Johannes Itten, erschienen in: Das neue Frankfurt, Internationale Monatsschrift für die Probleme kultureller Neugestaltung, Frankfurt, 5, 06.06.1931 / 1 Exemplar mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen versehen
Health self-concepts and health-related behaviors of school-age children with chronic health conditions
Creators: name: Svendsen, Sarah L.
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Diabetes Melitus
Self Concept
Perception

description: The health self-concepts of 10 school-age children with asthma and 27 school-age children with diabetes were measured using the Child's Health Self-Concept Scale (CHSCS) (Hester, 1985). These scores were compared with the mean score of the group of healthy children on whom the CHSCS was standardized, as well as with each other. A significant difference was established between the group of children with asthma and the group of children with diabetes. However, when the demographic variables of age, sex, and socioeconomic status of the children were analyzed, no significant effects were found.
Associations between biological maturation, physical performance, postural control, and mathematical achievement in youth soccer players
Creators: name: Hermassi, Souhail
name: Konukman, Ferman
name: Al-Marri, Senaid Salem
name: Hayes, Lawrence D.
name: Bartels, Thomas
name: Schwesig, René
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: This investigation explored relationships between biological maturation, physical and academic performance in young male soccer players. Thirty-eight players (age: 9.79 ± 1.21 years; body mass index (BMI): 20.4 ± 2.39 kg/m2; body fat: 16.8 ± 2.21%) participated. Measures of anthropometry used for body mass, body fat percentage (%BF), and BMI as well. Postural control, 15 m sprint, squat jumps and counter-movement jumps (SJ, CMJ), and T-half test for change-of-direction (CoD) were parameters of physical performance. The grade point average (GPA) of mathematics determined academic attainment. Moore’s equations were used to estimate their maturity status (PHV). Biological maturation was highly correlated with most (not 15 m sprint) physical and academic performance parameters, especially CMJ (r = -0.812) and mathematics (r = -0.781). Academic performance showed the largest relations to the jumping performance (CMJ: r = 0.771; SJ: r = 0.723). In contrast, anthropometric and fatness parameters were not relevantly (r ≥ 0.5) correlated with any other parameters. The largest correlations were calculated for sitting height vs. SJ (r = -0.408), sitting height vs. postural control (r = -0.355), leg length vs. postural control (r = -0.339). As a result, it is essential to take biological maturation inconsideration while assessing the physical and academic achievement of young soccer players. In consequence, soccer coaches and physical education (PE) teachers should be cognizant of the impact of biological maturity on physical and academic performance to assist fair and equal opportunities for achievement in young players.
Impact of demographic developments and PCV13 vaccination on the future burden of pneumococcal diseases in Germany : an integrated probabilistic differential equation approach
Creators: name: Sarajan, Myka Harun
name: Mahreen, Kahkashan
name: Vanella, Patrizio
name: Kuhlmann, Alexander
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Streptococcus pneumonia is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and children globally. Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence is affected by various risk factors such as age and comorbidities. Additionally, this bacterium is a major cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), leading to higher rates of hospitalization, especially among older adults. Vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has proven effective, but the demographic transition in Germany poses a challenge. This study introduces a novel stochastic approach by integrating a population forecast model into a transmission dynamic model to investigate the future burden of pneumococcal diseases in three age groups (0–4, 5–59, and 60 and older). Our simulations, presented through mean predictions and 75% prediction intervals, indicate that implementing PCV13 (13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) until the year 2050 results in reduced cases of IPD and CAP in all age groups compared to scenarios without infant vaccination. However, cases with non-vaccine serotypes may persist at higher levels compared to scenarios without infant vaccination. Consequently, there may be a need for improvement in the current national vaccine policy, such as implementing the use of higher-valent PCVs and strengthening adult vaccination uptake.
Exploratory indicators of drug information needs among elderly spouse caregivers: a community oriented needs assessment
Creators: name: Bartlome, Patricia
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2013

description: Geriatric health care has witnessed the emergence of a new para-health professional, the informal caregiver. A caregiver is one "who attempts to meet the physiological and psychosocial needs of a frail and dependent elder." The role, or expected behaviors, the the informal caregiver has been described as a "nurse" or "quasiprofessional". These labels are appropriate since they are expected to provide for the patient's general comfort, intervene on their behalf, perform complicated medical treatments at home, and administer and monitor medications. Research on caregivers has typically focused on the family. The elderly spouse caregiver, as the unit of analysis, has received little attention in the literature. The elderly spouse is in a unique position because of his/her own limitations. The spouse's own aging process compounds the difficulty in caregiving responsibilities. To date there has been no research to identify the specific types and amounts of medication information the caregiver needs in order to safely and effectively manage the patient's medication regimen at home. Consequently, this study focused specifically on the importance of various types of drug information as assessed by elderly spouse caregivers. In addition, pharmacists were surveyed to determine their perceptions of the types of drug information required by elderly spouse caregivers.
A computer-based model for providing empiric antibiotic therapy in a hospital.
Creators: name: Warner, Homer R.
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Antibiotics
Hospital Acquired Infections

description: A new model for computer-based medical decision making, called QID for Quick Infectious Disease, is described. It is based on the principles of decision analysis, using probabilities and utilities. In this study, QID was applied to the problem of recognition and empiric treatment of hospital-acquired infections. The model makes use of three knowledge bases: (1) the knowledge needed for generating a differential diagnosis from disease manifestations and risk factors; (2) estimates of expected morbidity and mortality for each disease, both with and without optimal treatment; and (3) tables of sensitivities of each organism-specific disease to each antibiotic, as well as cost and risk associated with use of each antibiotic. Using information about each patient, QID determines the expected utility of each antibiotic in terms of â€œGood Days of Life Savedâ€ (GDS) and suggests the best antibiotic(s). A 4-year effort was required to build the QID software and knowledge bases. The knowledge required for QID to diagnose and suggest treatment for 85 different pathogens in 11 sites of infection, was provided by infectious disease experts in knowledge engineering sessions. In an experiment to measure the decision-support utility of QID, 40 university-based physicians were presented with abstracts of four nosocomial cases and asked to prescribe antibiotics before, and then after, the aid of QID. Physicians' antibiotic prescriptions significantly (p < .001) improved, after seeing the suggestions made by QID, as scored by two infectious disease specialists. In 53% of the experimental cases there was improvement, as judged by at least one of the two specialists. The average improvement was 7.8% before the judges knew the isolated pathogen, and 9% after. For the most difficult case (meningitis), the improvement in scores averaged 20%. In the cases in which the physicians decided to change antibiotics, GDS was the principal influencing factor. Case selection proved to be important in determining the outcome of the evaluation of QID. The average improvement in physicians' choices of antibiotic after using QID was inversely proportional to the prevalence of the disease as well as the mean scores before the physicians were exposed to QID's recommendations.