Mischogyne iddii Gosline &amp; A. R. Marshall 2019, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Gosline, George
name: Marshall, Andrew R.
name: Larridon, Isabel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliales
Annonaceae
Mischogyne
Mischogyne iddii

description: <b>4. Mischogyne iddii <i>Gosline &amp; A.R.Marshall</i></b> <b>sp. nov.</b> Type: Tanzania, Bomole – PSP 13. Amani Nature Reserve, East Usambara Mountains, 15 Oct. 2007, <i>Marshall</i> 1567 (holotype K!) [K000875075]. http://www.ipni.org/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60478312-2 <i>Tree</i>, 10 – 20 m tall, up to 13 – 45 cm in diam., <i>trunk</i> cylindrical; old branches glabrous; young branches and twigs glabrous to sparsely pubescent quickly becoming glabrous, hairs 0.3 – 0.6 mm long, appressed, brown. <i>Bark</i> light grey, smooth with horizontally-orientated eyes and fine striations; slash: yellow-brown with a dark brown edge. <i>Petioles</i> 6 – 8 mm long, 2 – 4 mm in diam., sparsely pubescent with hairs 0.3 – 0.6 mm long, appressed, white, becoming glabrous, drying black. <i>Leaf</i> lamina elliptic to narrowly elliptic, often slightly falcate, 16 – 32 cm long, 6 – 8 cm wide, length:width ratio 1.2 – 4, apex attenuate to acuminate, acumen triangular 1 – 2 cm long, 1 – 1.5 cm at base, leaf base cuneate; coriaceous, slightly bullate when fresh, glabrous on both sides, glossy green above when fresh, drying matte, lighter below; midrib glabrous; secondary veins 10 – 14, glabrous, ascending at 30° – 45° from midrib, curving upwards to 10 – 20% of length of leaf, anastomosing near margin. <i>Floaeers</i>: buds 1.5 – 2 cm long, 1 cm in diam. No bracts seen. Flowering pedicel 0.5 – 0.8 cm long, 0.5 – 1 mm in diam., pubescent, hairs 0.2 – 0.3 mm long, appressed, white to light brown. <i>Sepals</i> ovate to narrowly ovate, 1.5 – 2 cm long, 0.5 – 0.7 cm wide, length:width ratio 2.5 – 3, base rounded, apex acute, densely pubescent outside, same as on pedicel, tomentose inside with soft semi-erect hairs 0.05 – 0.1 mm long; light green when fresh, light brown in herbarium material. <i>Petals</i> narrowly ovate, 1.5 – 2 cm long, 0.3 – 0.8 cm wide, length:width ratio 2.5 – 3, base truncate, apex acute, outer surface densely pubescent, hairs 0.3 – 0.6 mm long, appressed light brown, inner surface tomentose with soft semi-erect hairs 0.05 – 0.1 mm long becoming glabrous, white when fresh, dark brown when glabrous in herbarium material. <i>Torus</i> cylindrical, 4 – 7 mm. long, 2 – 3 mm diam., densely pubescent with hairs 0.2 – 0.4 mm long. <i>Stamens</i> 4 – 4.5 mm long; connective with an indumentum of white hairs 0.1 – 0.2 mm long, connective extending 0.1 – 0.6 mm beyond anthers ending in a tuft of hairs 0.1 – 0.3 mm long. <i>Carpels</i> 6 – 9, 4 – 6 mm long, 1 – 1.5 mm in diam., densely pubescent, hairs 0.6 – 0.8 mm long, appressed upwards, stigma sessile or on a short style to 0.1 mm long, bilobed, 0.7 – 1.2 mm long and wide, glabrous, yellow drying black. <i>Fruits</i> unknown (Figs 6, 7). <b>RECOGNITION</b>. Similar to <i>Mischogyne elliotiana</i> and <i>Mischogyne congensis.</i> Differing in being a mediumsized tree to 20 m tall rather than a small tree to 8 – 10 m tall; in leaves being larger, up to 32 cm long rather than to 20 cm. <b>DISTRIBUTION</b>. Tanzania. Usambara Mountains (Map 1). <b>SPECIMENS EXAMINED. TANZANIA. Tanga: Amani Nature Reserve, East Usambara Mts, UTM 457800E, 9436950 S, 15 Oct. 2007, <i>A. R. Marshall</i> 1567 (K! [holotype]), 1271 (K!);</b> Masumbai F.R., W Usambaras, Forest below road from Bambuli to Mazumbai c. 2 km before Mazumbai, 8 Jan. 1976, <i>Cribb &amp; Grey-Wilson</i> 10082 (DAR, EA, K!). <b>HABITAT</b>. Mature forest. Growing with <i>Alchornea hirtella</i> Benth., <i>Allanblackia stuhlmannii</i> (Engl.) Engl., <i>Alsodeiopsis schumannii</i> (Engl.) Engl., <i>Anisophyllea obtusifolia</i> Engl. &amp; Brehmer, <i>Anthocleista grandiflora</i> Gilg, <i>Aoranthe penduliflora</i> (K.Schum.) Somers, <i>Bersama abyssinica</i> Fresen., <i>Blighia unijugata</i> Baker, <i>Celtis africa- na</i> Burm.f., <i>Cephalosphaera usambarensis</i> (Warb.) Warb., <i>Chrysophyllum</i> sp. cf. <i>gorungosanum</i> Engl., <i>Clematis dolichopoda</i> Brenan, <i>Cola</i> sp. cf. <i>greenaeayi</i> Brenan, <i>Cynometra brachyrachis</i> Harms, <i>Diospyros loureiriana</i> G.Don, <i>Diospyros occulta</i> F.White, <i>Drypetes usambarica</i> (Pax) Hutch., <i>Englerodendron usambarense</i> Harms, <i>Entandrophragma excelsum</i> (Dawe &amp; Sprague) Sprague, <i>Ficus lutea</i> Vahl, <i>Ficus natalensis</i> Hochst., <i>Isoberlinia schefflerii</i> (Harms) Greenway, <i>Maesopsis eminii</i> Engl., <i>Magnistipula butayei</i> De Wild., <i>Maranthes goetzeniana</i> (Engl.) Prance, <i>Mesogyne insignis</i> Engl., <i>Myrianthus holstii</i> Engl., <i>Neaetonia buchananii</i> (Baker f.) G.C.C.Gilbert &amp; Boutique, <i>Parinari excelsa</i> Sabine, <i>Placodiscus amaniensis</i> Radlk., <i>Polyalthia suaoeolens</i> Engl. &amp; Diels var. <i>suaoeolens</i>, <i>Pouteria adolfi- friedericii</i> (Engl.) A.Meeuse, <i>Quassia undulata</i> (Guill. &amp; Perr.) D.Dietr., <i>Raaesonia lucida</i> Harv. &amp; Sond., <i>Schefflerodendron usambarense</i> Harms ex Engl., <i>Shirakiopsis elliptica</i> (Hochst.) Esser, <i>Sorindeia madagascariensis</i> DC., <i>Suregada zanzibariensis</i> Baill., <i>Synsepalum cerasiferum</i> (Welw.) T.D.Penn., <i>Trichilia dregeana</i> Sond., <i>Trilepisium madagascariense</i> DC., <i>Xylopia aethiopica</i> (Dunal) A.Rich., <i>Xymalos monospora</i> (Harv.) Baill., <i>Zanthoxylum gilletii</i> (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman, <i>Zenkerella capparidacea</i> (Taub.) J.Léonard subsp. <i>grotei</i> (Harms) Temu (Marshall <i>et al.</i> 2012). <b>CONSERVATION STATUS</b>. This tree is known from two locations, one each in the Eastern and Western Usambara Mountains, one in the nationally recognised Amani Nature Reserve and the other in the private Mazumbai reserve managed by the Sokoine University of Agriculture. Both reserves are well managed (Santos 2017). However, a study of ecotourism in Amani shows little benefit to local villages (Shoo &amp; Songorwa 2013). Cutting of trees for poles continues to be a problem in many Eastern Arc reserves (W. R. Q. Luke, A. R. Marshall, pers. obs.). The reserves are “islands” within a deforested landscape with extensive clearance of forest in neighbouring areas. Invasive tree species, particularly <i>Maesopsis eminii</i> Engl. are also growing extensively in the forest and hence competing with native trees for space (A. R. Marshall pers. obs.). The forest inventory of the Amani Nature Reserve records just six trees of this taxon (A. R. Marshall pers. com.). The Usambaras have been intensively studied for decades. The fact that only seven trees have ever been observed indicates a very small population. We estimate that it is likely that less than fifty individuals remain and that an IUCN category of Critically Endangered under criterion D is applicable. We take a slightly more conservative approach and, with an AOO of 8 km 2 based on a 2 km grid and two locations, suggest an IUCN category of Endangered B2ab(iii). <b>PHENOLOGY</b>. Flowering in January, November. <b>VERNACULAR NAMES</b>. Zonozono (Msofu). <b>USES</b>. None recorded. <b>ETYMOLOGY</b>. Named in honour of Iddi Rajabu, resident botanist at the Amani Nature Reserve and co-author of the <i>Trees of Amani Nature Reseroe</i> field guide. <b>NOTES</b>. The biological importance of the Eastern Arc Mountains in Kenya and Tanzania is well known (Burgess <i>et al.</i> 2007). <i>Mischogyne iddii</i> joins the long list of Eastern Arc endemic species (<i>ibid.</i>), and new species of Annonaceae continue to be discovered (Couvreur <i>et al.</i> 2006; Couvreur &amp; Luke 2010; Deroin &amp; Luke 2005; Marshall <i>et al.</i> 2016; Verdcourt 1986). Couvreur <i>et al.</i> (2006) summarise the high diversity of Annonaceae in Tanzania and this species brings the number of genera in Tanzania to 29.
description: Published as part of <i>Gosline, George, Marshall, Andrew R. &amp; Larridon, Isabel, 2019, Revision and new species of the African genus Mischogyne (Annonaceae), pp. 1-23 in Kew Bulletin 74 (28)</i> on pages 14-17, DOI: 10.1007/S12225-019-9804-7, http://zenodo.org/record/3345047
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