cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Is gravity entropic force?
Creators: name: Yang, Rong-Jia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If we assume that the source of thermodynamic system, $ρ$ and $p$, are also the source of gravity, thermal quantities, such as entropy, temperature, and chemical potential, can induce effects of gravity, or gravity can induce thermal effects. We find only for systems with constant temperature and zero chemical potential, gravity can be seen as an entropic force. The case for Newtonian approximation is discussed.
description: 6 pages
Coastal Resources Toolkit: Severe Storms
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reserve (JCNERR), Coastal Training Program
Year: 2004

description: The Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reserve (JCNERR) is one of the 26 national estuarine reserves created to promote the responsible use and management of the nation's estuaries through a program combining scientific research, education, and stewardship. The JCNERR has researched and compiled a set of New Jersey-specific resources to help the public in their land zoning decisions. The topic of this  toolkit is severe storms. Sections include: (1) Background: Introduction, Hurricanes, Nor'Easters, More Information; (2) Severe Storms - Case Studies: Background, Nor'easters, Hurricanes; and (3) Toolkit: Books, Potential Providers.
Shellfish Growing Water Classification Charts - 2003
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP)
Year: 2003

description: These charts, published annually, are graphic representations of the classification regulations which delineate shellfish growing waters in New Jersey.  These classifications result from surveys conducted by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection's (NJDEP) Bureau of Marine Water Monitoring, in accordance with the Food and Drug Administration as well as the National Shellfish Sanitation Program guidelines and regulations.  Waters are characterized and depicted in one of four ways: approved (approved for year-round harvest of shellfish, i.e. oysters, clams, and mussel); seasonal (approved for harvest of shellfish only during a specified "season" of the year, e.g. November-April); special restricted (waters are moderately polluted and harvesting is only permitted with further purification prior to consumption); and prohibited (waters are condemned for the year-round harvst of shellfish).  Additional information contained in each year's chart package includes a summary of the changes in water classifications and harvest regulations, as well as other general information that is important for anyone interested in harvesting shellfish in New Jersey.
NJ Environmental Federation News, Winter 2001
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Environmental Federation, the New Jersey Chapter of Clean Water Action
Year: 2001

description: The goal of the NJEF is to ensure safe drinking water for all NJ residents, reduce the use of pesticides, promote recycling and lobby for sound and sustainable environmental practices on a local, state, and national level. This issue of the newsletter features politics, wells, fluoride and the Salem nuclear power plant.
Sub-nanosecond delays of light emitted by streamer in atmospheric pressure air: analysis of N$_2$(C$^3Π_u$) and N$_2^+($B$^2Σ_u^{+}$) emissions and fundamental streamer structure
Creators: name: Hoder, Tomas
name: Bonaventura, Zdenek
name: Bourdon, Anne
name: Simek, Milan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Both experimental and theoretical analysis of an {ultra-short} phenomena occurring during the positive streamer propagation in atmospheric pressure air is presented. {With tens-of-picoseconds and tens-of-microns precision, it is shown that when the streamer head passes a spatial coordinate, emission maxima from N$_2$ and N$_2^+$ radiative states follow with different delays. These different delays are caused by differences in the dynamics of populating the radiative states, due to different excitation and quenching rates.} {Associating the position of the streamer head with the maximum value of the self-enhanced electric field, a delay of 160$\,$ps was experimentally found for the peak emission of the first negative system of N$_2^+$.} {For the first time, a delay dilatation was observed experimentally on early-stage streamers and clarified theoretically.} {Thus, in the case of second positive system of N$_2$ the delay can reach as much as 400$\,$ps.} In contrast to the highly-nonlinear behaviour of streamer events, it is shown theoretically that emission maxima delays linearly depend on the ratio of the streamer radius and its velocity. This is found to be one of the fundamental streamer features and its use in streamer head diagnostics is proposed. Moreover, radially-resolved spectra are synthetized for selected subsequent picosecond moments in order to visualize spectrometric fingerprints of radial structures of N$_2$(C$^3Π_u$) and N$_2^+$(B$^2Σ_u^+$) populations created by streamer-head electrons.
Operando monitoring of single-particle kinetic state-of-charge heterogeneities and cracking in high-rate Li-ion anodes
Creators: name: Merryweather, Alice J.
name: Jacquet, Quentin
name: Emge, Steffen P.
name: Schnedermann, Christoph
name: Rao, Akshay
name: Grey, Clare P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent years have seen a rapidly escalating demand for battery technologies capable of storing more energy, charging more quickly and having longer usable lifetimes, driven largely by increased electrification of transport and by grid-scale energy storage systems. This has led to the development of many promising new electrode materials for high-rate lithium ion batteries. In order to rationalise and improve upon material performance, it is crucial to understand the fundamental ion-intercalation and degradation mechanisms occurring during realistic battery operation, on the nano- to meso-scale. Here we apply a straightforward laboratory-based operando optical scattering microscopy method to study micron-sized rods of the high-rate anode material Nb$_{14}$W$_3$O$_{44}$ during cycling at rates of up to 30C. We directly visualise an elongation of the rods, which, by comparison with ensemble X-ray diffraction, allows us to determine the state of charge (SOC) of the individual particle. A continuous change in scattering intensity with SOC is also seen, enabling observation of a non-equilibrium kinetic phase separation within individual particles. Phase field modelling (informed by pulsed-field-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance and electrochemical experiments) is used to verify the kinetic origin of this separation, which arises from a dependence of the Li-ion diffusion coefficient upon SOC. Finally, we witness how such intra-particle SOC heterogeneity can lead to particle cracking; we follow the cycling behaviour of the resultant fragments, and show that they may become electrically disconnected from the electrode. These results demonstrate the power of optical scattering microscopy to track rapid non-equilibrium processes, often occurring over less than 1 minute, which would be inaccessible with established characterisation techniques.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures
Recommending Multiple Positive Citations for Manuscript via Content-Dependent Modeling and Multi-Positive Triplet
Creators: name: Zhang, Yang
name: Ma, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Considering the rapidly increasing number of academic papers, searching for and citing appropriate references has become a non-trial task during the wiring of papers. Recommending a handful of candidate papers to a manuscript before publication could ease the burden of the authors, and help the reviewers to check the completeness of the cited resources. Conventional approaches on citation recommendation generally consider recommending one ground-truth citation for a query context from an input manuscript, but lack of consideration on co-citation recommendations. However, a piece of context often needs to be supported by two or more co-citation pairs. Here, we propose a novel scientific paper modeling for citation recommendations, namely Multi-Positive BERT Model for Citation Recommendation (MP-BERT4CR), complied with a series of Multi-Positive Triplet objectives to recommend multiple positive citations for a query context. The proposed approach has the following advantages: First, the proposed multi-positive objectives are effective to recommend multiple positive candidates. Second, we adopt noise distributions which are built based on the historical co-citation frequencies, so that MP-BERT4CR is not only effective on recommending high-frequent co-citation pairs; but also the performances on retrieving the low-frequent ones are significantly improved. Third, we propose a dynamic context sampling strategy which captures the ``macro-scoped'' citing intents from a manuscript and empowers the citation embeddings to be content-dependent, which allow the algorithm to further improve the performances. Single and multiple positive recommendation experiments testified that MP-BERT4CR delivered significant improvements. In addition, MP-BERT4CR are also effective in retrieving the full list of co-citations, and historically low-frequent co-citation pairs compared with the prior works.
Hamming Distance and the onset of quantum criticality
Creators: name: Yi, Tian-Cheng
name: Scalettar, Richard T.
name: Mondaini, Rubem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulating models for quantum correlated matter unveils the inherent limitations of deterministic classical computations. In particular, in the case of quantum Monte Carlo methods, this is manifested by the emergence of negative weight configurations in the sampling, that is, the sign problem (SP). There have been several recent calculations which exploit the SP to locate underlying critical behavior. Here, utilizing a metric that quantifies phase-space ergodicity in such sampling, the Hamming distance, we suggest a significant advance on these ideas to extract the location of quantum critical points in various fermionic models, in spite of the presence of a severe SP. Combined with other methods, exact diagonalization in our case, it elucidates both the nature of the different phases as well as their location, as we demonstrate explicitly for the honeycomb and triangular Hubbard models, in both their U(1) and SU(2) forms. Our approach charts a path to circumvent inherent limitations imposed by the SP, allowing the exploration of the phase diagram of a variety of fermionic quantum models hitherto considered to be impractical via quantum Monte Carlo simulations.
description: 7+4 pages, 6+5 figures
Natural Resources Inventory of Montgomery Township, Somerset County, New Jersey: Maps
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: The Montgomery Township Planning Board : Banisch Associates, Inc.
Year: 2004

description: The Natural Resources Inventory (NRI) of Montgomery Township provides citizens with a comprehensive source of information about the physical and biological elements that create the natural setting of the township. This document contains the maps for the NRI report. Digital datasets from the Montgomery Township Geographic Information System (GIS) have been used extensively in the preparation of the NRI. The source and original scale of individual datasets utilized in map generation are noted on each map. Generally, the scale of source data for Montgomery Township digital datasets ranges from 1:9,480 to 1:250,000. GIS digital data has simplified the tasks of identifying, quantifying and describing the resource base of a community. Multiple layers of data can be viewed together within the framework of a digital base map, providing the means to analyze individual resources, along with their role and importance in the overall ecosystem. In this fashion, both competing and synergistic relationships among natural resources can be defined and explored.
Bias and synergy in the self-consistent approach of data analysis of ion beam techniques
Creators: name: Silva, Tiago F.
name: Rodrigues, Cleber L.
name: Tabacniks, Manfredo H.
name: von Toussaint, Udo
name: Mayer, Matej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using multiple ion beam analysis measurements, or techniques, combined with self-consistent data processing, generally allows extracting more (or more accurate) information from the measurements than processing separately data from single measurements. Solving ambiguities, improving the final depth resolution, defining constraints and extending applicability are the main strengths of the data-fusion approach. It basically consists in formulating a multi-objective minimization problem that can be tackled by the adoption of the weighted-sum method. A simulation study is reported in order to evaluate the systematic error inserted in the analysis by the choice of a specific objective function, or even by the weights or normalization adopted in the weighted-sum method. We demonstrate that the bias of the analyzed objective functions asymptotically converges to the true value for better statistics. We also demonstrate that the joint analysis inherits the accuracy of the most accurate measurement, establishing a rank of information content, where some combinations of measurements are more valuable than others, i.e. when processed together they provide more information by means of a better constraint for the multi-objective optimization.
description: 9 pages and 8 figures
A new method to scan genomes for introgression in a secondary contact model
Creators: name: Geneva, Anthony J.
name: Kingan, Sarah B.
name: Garrigan, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Secondary contact between divergent populations or incipient species may result in the exchange and introgression of genomic material. We develop a simple DNA sequence measure, called Gmin, which is designed to identify genomic regions experiencing introgression in a secondary contact model. Gmin is defined as the ratio of the minimum between-population number of nucleotide differences to the average number of between-population differences. One advantage of Gmin is that it is computationally inexpensive relative to model-based methods for detecting gene flow and it scales easily to the level of whole-genome analysis. We compare the sensitivity and specificity of Gmin to those of the widely used index of population differentiation, Fst, and suggest a simple statistical test for identifying genomic outliers. Extensive computer simulations demonstrate that Gmin has both greater sensitivity and specificity for detecting recent introgression than does Fst. Furthermore, we find that the sensitivity of Gmin is robust with respect to both the population mutation and recombination rates. Finally, a scan of Gmin across the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster identifies candidate regions of introgression between sub-Saharan African and cosmopolitan populations that were previously missed by other methods. These results show that Gmin is a biologically straightforward, yet powerful, alternative to Fst, as well as to more computationally intensive model-based methods for detecting gene flow.
description: 34 pages, 4 figures, 1 table (10 supplementary figures, 4 supplementary tables)
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund: Final FFY04 Priority System, Intended Use Plan, Project Priority List and Response Document, and Final Changes to FFY 2003 Intended Use Plan
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Water Supply Administration
Year: 2003

description: The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments of 1996 authorized a Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) to assist publicly-owned and privately-owned community water systems and nonprofit noncommunity water systems to finance the costs of infrastructure needed to achieve or maintain compliance with SDWA requirements and to protect the public health in conformance with the objectives of the SDWA. This document serves as the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection's (NJDEP) Priority System, Intended Use Plan (IUP) and Project Priority List and has several purposes regarding the use of anticipated federal funds; including: 1) the establishment of the ranking criteria under which DWSRF projects will be ranked and placed on the FFY2004 Priority List; 2) the establishment of program requirements and document submittal deadlines for award of DWSRF loans in State Fiscal Year (SFY) 2004 using FFY2003 federal capitalization grant funds and funds from previous federal capitalization grant funds; 3) the establishment of program requirements and document submittal deadlines for award of DWSRF loans in SFY2005 using FFY2004 federal capitalization grant funds and funds from previous federal capitalization grant funds; and 4) the establishment of the proposed uses of the set-asides using FFY2004 federal capitalization grant funds.
Interfacing Superconducting Qubits and Telecom Photons via a Rare-Earth Doped Crystal
Creators: name: O'Brien, Christopher
name: Lauk, Nikolai
name: Blum, Susanne
name: Morigi, Giovanna
name: Fleischhauer, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme to couple short single photon pulses to superconducting qubits. An optical photon is first absorbed into an inhomogeneously broadened rare-earth doped crystal using controlled reversible inhomogeneous broadening. The optical excitation is then mapped into a spin state using a series of $π$-pulses and subsequently transferred to a superconducting qubit via a microwave cavity. To overcome the intrinsic and engineered inhomogeneous broadening of the optical and spin transitions in rare earth doped crystals, we make use of a special transfer protocol using staggered $π$-pulses. We predict total transfer efficiencies on the order of 90%.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Why Mercury is a superconductor
Creators: name: Tresca, Cesare
name: Profeta, Gianni
name: Marini, Giovanni
name: Bachelet, Giovanni B.
name: Sanna, Antonio
name: Calandra, Matteo
name: Boeri, Lilia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite being the oldest known superconductor, solid mercury is mysteriously absent from all current computational databases of superconductors. In this work, we present a critical study of its superconducting properties based on state-of-the-art superconducting density-functional theory. Our calculations reveal numerous anomalies in electronic and lattice properties, which can mostly be handled, with due care, by modern ab-initio techniques. In particular, we highlight an anomalous role of (i) electron-electron correlations on structural properties (ii) spin-orbit coupling on the dynamical stability, and (iii) semicore $d$ levels on the effective Coulomb interaction and, ultimately, the critical temperature.
Passaic River Directive No. 1: Natural Resource Injury Assessment and Interim Compensatory Restoration in Natural Resource Injuries
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), Natural and Historic Resources, Office Of Natural Resource Restoration
Year: 2003

description: This document is a Directive and Notice from the NJ Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) to Insurers for the Respondents (polluters) to arrange for a natural resource damage assessment and interim restoration of polluted sites in the Passaic River. It lists the high levels of chemical contaminants and numerous hazardous discharge sites in the Lower Passaic River. The pollution is discussed in terms of its consequences for the river ecosystem and how releases of chemical contaminants have adversely affected the Passaic River and reduced its ecological and human use services. The Directive identifies the hazardous discharge sites that have contaminated the Lower Passaic River, and it then notifies the named polluters (the Respondents) to arrange for clean up and removal of discharges in the watershed by carrying out an assessment of natural resource injuries and implementing interim compensatory restoration. Failure to comply with this Directive and Notice to Insurers will increase the potential liability of Respondents to the DEP in an amount equal to three times the cost of arranging for the clean up and removal of hazardous substances that were discharged.
Drops on soft solids: Free energy and double transition of contact angles
Creators: name: Lubbers, Luuk A.
name: Weijs, Joost H.
name: Botto, Lorenzo
name: Das, Siddhartha
name: Andreotti, Bruno
name: Snoeijer, Jacco H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The equilibrium shape of liquid drops on elastic substrates is determined by minimising elastic and capillary free energies, focusing on thick incompressible substrates. The problem is governed by three length scales: the size of the drop $R$, the molecular size $a$, and the ratio of surface tension to elastic modulus $γ/E$. We show that the contact angles undergo two transitions upon changing the substrates from rigid to soft. The microscopic wetting angles deviate from Young's law when $γ/Ea \gg 1$, while the apparent macroscopic angle only changes in the very soft limit $γ/ER \gg 1$. The elastic deformations are worked out in the simplifying case where the solid surface energy is assumed constant. The total free energy turns out lower on softer substrates, consistent with recent experiments.
Reconstructing AGN X-ray spectral parameter distributions with Bayesian methods I: Spectral analysis
Creators: name: Ge, Lingsong
name: Paltani, Stéphane
name: Eckert, Dominique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGN) consist of several different emission and absorption components, which are often fitted manually with models chosen on a case-by-case basis. However, it becomes very hard for a survey with a large number of sources. In addition, when the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is low, there is a tendency to adopt an overly simplistic model, biasing the parameters and making their uncertainties unrealistic. We developed a Bayesian method for automatically fitting XMM-Newton AGN X-ray spectra with a consistent and physically motivated model including all spectral components, even when the data quality is low. An empirical model is used for the non-X-ray background. Noninformative priors were applied on the photon index (Gamma) and the hydrogen column density (N_H), while informative priors obtained from deep surveys were used to marginalize the remaining parameters. We tested this method using a realistically simulated sample of 5000 spectra reproducing typical population properties. Spectral parameters were randomly drawn from the priors, taking the luminosity function into account. Meaningful posterior probability density distributions were obtained for, for instance, N_H, Gamma, and L_X, even at low S/N, but in this case, we were unable to constrain the parameters of secondary components such as the reflection and soft excess. As a comparison, a maximum-likelihood approach with model selection among six models of different complexities was also applied to this sample. We find clear failures in the measurement of Gamma in most cases, and of N_H when the source is unabsorbed (N_H < 10^22 cm-2). The results can hardly be used to reconstruct the parent distributions of the spectral parameters, while our Bayesian method provides meaningful multidimensional posteriors that will be used in a subsequent paper to infer the population. (abridged)
description: Final version, accepted for publication in A&A. 19 pages, 15 figures
Reconstructing AGN X-ray spectral parameter distributions with Bayesian methods II: Population inference
Creators: name: Ge, Lingsong
name: Paltani, Stéphane
name: Eckert, Dominique
name: Salvato, Mara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new Bayesian method for reconstructing the parent distributions of X-ray spectral parameters of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in large surveys. The method uses the probability distribution function (PDF) of posteriors obtained by fitting a consistent physical model to each object with a Bayesian method. The PDFs are often broadly distributed and may present systematic biases, such that naive point estimators or even some standard parametric modeling are not sufficient to reconstruct the parent population without obvious bias. Our method uses a transfer function computed from a large realistic simulation with the same selection as in the actual sample to redistribute the stacked PDF and then forward-fit a nonparametric model to it in a Bayesian way, so that the biases in the PDFs are properly taken into account. In this way, we are able to accurately reconstruct the parent distributions. We apply our spectral fitting and population inference methods to the XMM-COSMOS survey as a pilot study. For the 819 AGN detected in the COSMOS field, 663 (8%) of which have spectroscopic redshifts (spec-z) and the others high-quality photometric redshifts (photo-z), we find prominent bi-modality with widely separated peaks in the distribution of the absorbing hydrogen column density (N_H) and an indication that absorbed AGN have harder photon indices. A clear decreasing trend of the absorbed AGN fraction versus the intrinsic 2-10keV luminosity is observed, but there is no clear evolution in the absorbed fraction with redshift. Our method is designed to be readily applicable to large AGN samples such as the XXL survey, and eventually eROSITA.
description: Final version, accepted for publication in A&A. 18 pages, 16 figures
Supplementary Figure S1. from An environmental DNA metabarcoding survey reveals generic-level occurrence of scleractinian corals at reef slopes of Okinawa Island
Creators: name: Nishitsuji, Koki
name: Nagata, Tomofumi
name: Narisoko, Haruhi
name: Kanai, Megumi
name: Hisata, Kanako
name: Shinzato, Chuya
name: Satoh, Noriyuki
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Characterization of monitoring locations by coral community type. “Acropora” means that Acropora were dominant at those locations. “Specific species” means the order of dominance is generally recognizable. “Multi-species mixed” means the order of dominance cannot be judged. “Not determined” means the type was not determined.
Supplementary Figure S2. from An environmental DNA metabarcoding survey reveals generic-level occurrence of scleractinian corals at reef slopes of Okinawa Island
Creators: name: Nishitsuji, Koki
name: Nagata, Tomofumi
name: Narisoko, Haruhi
name: Kanai, Megumi
name: Hisata, Kanako
name: Shinzato, Chuya
name: Satoh, Noriyuki
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Percentages of sequence reads mapped to coral genera in each observation spot. Percentages are colored in the heatmap.
Structure and in situ organisation of the Pyrococcus furiosus archaellum machinery
Creators: name: Daum, Bertram
name: Vonck, Janet
name: Bellack, Annett
name: Chaudhury, Paushali
name: Reichelt, Robert Martin
name: Albers, Sonja-Verena
name: Rachel, Reinhard
name: Kühlbrandt, Werner
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: IV PILUS; HALOBACTERIUM-SALINARUM; CRYOELECTRON TOMOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE; CHEMORECEPTOR ARRAYS; FLAGELLAR MOTORS; S-LAYER; PROTEIN; CELL; SULFOLOBUS;
subject: 610 Medizin

description: The archaellum is the macromolecular machinery that Archaea use for propulsion or surface adhesion, enabling them to proliferate and invade new territories. The molecular composition of the archaellum and of the motor that drives it appears to be entirely distinct from that of the functionally equivalent bacterial flagellum and flagellar motor. Yet, the structure of the archaellum machinery is scarcely known. Using combined modes of electron cryo-microscopy (cryoEM), we have solved the structure of the Pyrococcus furiosus archaellum filament at 4.2 angstrom resolution and visualise the architecture and organisation of its motor complex in situ. This allows us to build a structural model combining the archaellum and its motor complex, paving the way to a molecular understanding of archaeal swimming motion.
Proteome Analysis of Human Follicular Thyroid Cancer Cells Exposed to the Random Positioning Machine
Creators: name: Bauer, Johann
name: Kopp, Sascha
name: Schlagberger, Elisabeth Maria
name: Grosse, Jirka
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: FOCAL ADHESION KINASE; SIMULATED MICROGRAVITY CONDITIONS; GTPASE-ACTIVATING PROTEIN; SPHEROID FORMATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL GROWTH; CARCINOMA CELLS; IDENTIFICATION; MIGRATION; PAXILLIN; ASAP1; cellular compartments; mass spectrometry; proteomics; pathway analysis; random positioning machine
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Several years ago, we detected the formation of multicellular spheroids in experiments with human thyroid cancer cells cultured on the Random Positioning Machine (RPM), a ground-based model to simulate microgravity by continuously changing the orientation of samples. Since then, we have studied cellular mechanisms triggering the cells to leave a monolayer and aggregate to spheroids. Our work focused on spheroid-related changes in gene expression patterns, in protein concentrations, and in factors secreted to the culture supernatant during the period when growth is altered. We detected that factors inducing angiogenesis, the composition of integrins, the density of the cell monolayer exposed to microgravity, the enhanced production of caveolin-1, and the nuclear factor kappa B p65 could play a role during spheroid formation in thyroid cancer cells. In this study, we performed a deep proteome analysis on FTC-133 thyroid cancer cells cultured under conditions designed to encourage or discourage spheroid formation. The experiments revealed more than 5900 proteins. Their evaluation confirmed and explained the observations mentioned above. In addition, we learned that FTC-133 cells growing in monolayers or in spheroids after RPM-exposure incorporate vinculin, paxillin, focal adhesion kinase 1, and adenine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation factor 6 in different ways into the focal adhesion complex.
Anisotropic two-dimensional RF-dressed potentials for ultracold atoms
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Arijit
name: Mishra, Satya Ram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, the RF-dressed potentials generated using a static magnetic field of a quadrupole trap and various radio frequency (RF) fields, have been theoretically investigated for trapping and manipulations of cold atoms in a two-dimensional (2D) geometry. It is shown that, in this scheme, the RF fields of some particular polarizations and phases can give rise to some novel static and time-dependent anisotropic two-dimensional potentials which are useful to trap and manipulate the cold atoms in the 2D geometry. The generated time-dependent 2D potentials, rotating on the circular ring, can be used for the controlled rotation and oscillation of the cold atom cloud on the circular ring path. The ultracold atoms trapped in these potentials may be used to investigate the interesting physics phenomena such as tunnelling and super-fluidity.
description: 21 Pages and 9 figures
New Jersey Envirothon 2003, 7th Edition
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) : New Jersey Association of Conservation Districts (NJACD)
Year: 2004

description: This is the annual newsletter of the New Jersey Envirothon, A Natural Resources Problem Solving Competition for High School Students. The NJ Envirothon competition is a one-day event --a hands-on outdoor competition-- that takes place in May. Teams of high school students prepare throughout the academic year with their advisors, studying soils, aquatics, forestry, wildlife and environmental issues under the guidance of conservation partnership staff. Teams will be tested on environmental topics through hands on interactive problem-solving at five testing stations. The team that best demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of natural resources, as well as teamwork and communication skills, moves on to represent NJ in the Cannon Envirothon competition. This newletter issue features the following articles: Cape Atlantic Conservation District Host of 2003 New Jersey Envirothon; Hopewell Valley Central High School's Team Achieves 7th at International Canon Envirothon; Richard Stockton College of New Jersey; Going Wild at the Wildlife Station during the 2003 NJ Envirothon; A Student's View of the International Envirothon Competition; 2003 Envirothon Participants; West Essex Bank Provides Funds for First Envirothon Scholarship.
Quantum annealing with twisted fields
Creators: name: Imoto, Takashi
name: Seki, Yuya
name: and, Yuichiro Matsuzaki
name: Kawabata, Shiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum annealing is a promising method for solving combinational optimization problems and performing quantum chemical calculations. The main sources of errors in quantum annealing are the effects of decoherence and non-adiabatic transition. We propose a method for suppressing both these effects using inhomogeneous twist operators corresponding to the twist angles of transverse fields applied to qubits. Furthermore, we adopt variational methods to determine the optimal inhomogeneous twist operator for minimizing the energy of the state after quantum annealing. Our approach is useful for increasing the energy gap and/or making the quantum states robust against decoherence during quantum annealing. In summary, our results can pave the way to a new approach for realizing practical quantum annealing.
The Brownian loop soup stress-energy tensor
Creators: name: Camia, Federico
name: Foit, Valentino F.
name: Gandolfi, Alberto
name: Kleban, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Brownian loop soup (BLS) is a conformally invariant statistical ensemble of random loops in two dimensions characterized by an intensity $λ>0$. Recently, we constructed families of operators in the BLS and showed that they transform as conformal primary operators. In this paper we provide an explicit expression for the BLS stress-energy tensor and compute its operator product expansion with other operators. Our results are consistent with the conformal Ward identities and our previous result that the central charge is $c = 2 λ$. In the case of domains with boundary we identify a boundary operator that has properties consistent with the boundary stress-energy tensor. We show that this operator generates local deformations of the boundary and that it is related to a boundary operator that induces a Brownian excursion starting or ending at its insertion point.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures
A Discrete-event-based Simulator for Distributed Deep Learning
Creators: name: Liu, Xiaoyan
name: Xu, Zhiwei
name: Qin, Yana
name: Tian, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: New intelligence applications are driving increasing interest in deploying deep neural networks (DNN) in a distributed way. To set up distributed deep learning involves alterations of a great number of the parameter configurations of network/edge devices and DNN models, which are crucial to achieve best performances. Simulations measure scalability of intelligence applications in the early stage, as well as to determine the effects of different configurations, thus highly desired. However, work on simulating the distributed intelligence environment is still in its infancy. The existing simulation frameworks, such as NS-3, etc., cannot extended in a straightforward way to support simulations of distributed learning. In this paper, we propose a novel discrete event simulator, sim4DistrDL, which includes a deep learning module and a network simulation module to facilitate simulation of DNN-based distributed applications. Specifically, we give the design and implementation of the proposed learning simulator and present an illustrative use case.
description: 6 pages,conference
Is Your Life Mercury Free?
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Solid and Hazardous Waste
Year: 2005

description: This informational brochure provides information regarding mercury, a highly toxic metal that is found in many common household products. Improper disposal of these items can pollute our water and air causing mercury poisoning. Information is given on mercury-free alternatives that are available for most of these products. The brochure includes the following sections: What is mercury?; Health Effects of Mercury; Environmental Effects; Household Items Containing Mercury; How do I dispose of products containing mercury?; Spills; Businesses; County Household Hazardous Waste Contacts; and Online Information.
A bizalom a (nyelvi) részletekben rejlik? Nyelvhasználat a police_hu Instagram-profilján
Creators: name: Uricska, Erna
Publisher: name: Pannon Egyetem
Year: 2022

description: Alkalmazott nyelvtudomány, vol. 22. issue Különszám. ISSN 1587-1061, eISSN 2498-4442
Assessment of Historical and Current Trends in Mercury Deposition to New Jersey Aquatic Systems through Analysis of Sediment/Soil Cores
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), Division of Science, Research and Technology
Year: 2003

description: Summary of a 2002 study that utilized sediment and soil cores collected at six sites from throughout the state of New Jersey between September 2000 and December 2001. A primary focus of this project and a long-term goal of the overall investigation is to address the following questions: to what extent can the sources of atmospheric Hg deposition to New Jersey be identified and characterized? Are there in-state sources of particular significance? The ultimate goal is to provide information relevant to an assessment of the effectiveness of reductions in regional and/or local Hg emissions.
Strong optical coupling in metallo-dielectric hybrid metasurfaces
Creators: name: Ravishankar, Ajith P
name: Vennberg, Felix
name: Srinivasan, Anand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metasurfaces consisting of hybrid metal/dielectric nanostructures carry advantages of both material platforms. The hybrid structures can not only tightly confine subwavelength electromagnetic fields but also lower the absorption losses. Such optical characteristics are difficult to realize in metamaterials with only metal or dielectric structures. Hybrid designs also expand the scope of material choices and the types of optical modes that can be excited in a metasurface, thereby allowing novel light matter interactions. Here we present a metallo-dielectric hybrid metasurface design consisting of a high-index dielectric (silicon) nanodisk array on top of a metal layer (aluminium) separated by a buffer oxide (silica) layer. The dimensions of the nanodisks are tuned to support anapole states and the period of the nanodisk array is designed to excite surface plasmon polariton (SPP) at the metal-buffer oxide interface. The physical dimensions of the Si nanodisk and the array periods are optimized to excite the anapole and the SPP at normal incidence of light in the visible-NIR (400-900 nm) wavelength range. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations show that, when the nanodisk grating is placed at a specific height (~200 nm) from the metal surface, the two modes strongly couple at zero detuning of the resonances. The strong coupling is evident from the avoided crossing of the modes observed in the reflectance spectra and in the spectral profile of light absorption inside the Si nanodisk. A vacuum Rabi splitting of up to ~ 129 meV is achievable by optimizing the diameters of Si nanodisk and the nanodisk array grating period. The proposed metasurface design is promising to realize open cavity strongly coupled optical systems operating at room temperatures.
description: Corrections: 1. Errata Fig 4b, Y-axis values corrected to diameter. Previous version had radius values. In Fig 4d caption, the nanodisk diameter value is corrected accordingly. 2. To keep the consistency in using diameter values, in page 8 (line 1), nanodisk diameter is provided instead of its radius. Comment: The results and the conclusion remain unchanged
Antimicrobial and Hemolytic Studies of a Series of Polycations Bearing Quaternary Ammonium Moieties: Structural and Topological Effects
Creators: name: Mayr, Judith
name: Bachl, Jürgen
name: Schlossmann, Jens
name: Díaz Díaz, David
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: INFECTIOUS-DISEASES-SOCIETY; BAD BUGS; POLYMERS; ANTIBACTERIAL; DISINFECTANT; COPOLYMERS; HYDROGELS; PEPTIDES; AMERICA; IONENES; antimicrobial polymer; ionenes; polycations; quaternary ammonium; hemolysis; topomers
subject: 540 Chemie

description: A series of polycations bearing quaternary ammonium moieties have shown antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Different polymer topologies governed by a disubstituted aromatic core as well as different diamine-based linkers were found to influence the antimicrobial properties. Moreover, the hemolytic activity against human red blood cells was measured and demonstrated good biocompatibility and selectivity of these polycations for bacteria over mammalian cells.
Blind Super-resolution of Point Sources via Projected Gradient Descent
Creators: name: Mao, Sihan
name: Chen, Jinchi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Blind super-resolution can be cast as a low rank matrix recovery problem by exploiting the inherent simplicity of the signal and the low dimensional structure of point spread functions. In this paper, we develop a simple yet efficient non-convex projected gradient descent method for this problem based on the low rank structure of the vectorized Hankel matrix associated with the target matrix. Theoretical analysis indicates that the proposed method exactly converges to the target matrix with a linear convergence rate under the similar conditions as convex approaches. Numerical results show that our approach is competitive with existing convex approaches in terms of recovery ability and efficiency.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2110.02478
Different forms of the Richards function used for chemical thermodynamic analysis
Creators: name: Prechl, Jozsef
name: Kovács, Ágnes
name: Pfeil, Tamás
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biological mathematics

description: The basic Richards growth function can be transformed into functions that correspond to thermodynamic concentration, activity coeficient and activity. Normalization and further logarithmic transformation of these functions allows their use for fitting antibody-antigen binding curves.
Smart Conservation for Towns: Smart Growth Recommendations from New Jersey Future
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Future (NJF)
Year: 2004

description: This New Jersey Future (NJF) position paper argues that Smart Conservation offers municipalities a powerful approach to land conservation that integrates fundamental land use tools: planning, regulation, and spending on open space and infrastructure. Also, Smart Conservation calls for supportive linkages between state and local government. This position paper gives recommendations for using Smart Conservation in municipalities, and it addresses the folloing questions: How can municipalities become more effective and efficient at protecting land and creating parks? And how can they provide their citizens a 'bigger bang for their buck'?
Vertex-transitive CIS graphs
Creators: name: Dobson, Edward
name: Hujdurović, Ademir
name: Milanič, Martin
name: Verret, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 05C69, 05C25

description: A CIS graph is a graph in which every maximal stable set and every maximal clique intersect. A graph is well-covered if all its maximal stable sets are of the same size, co-well-covered if its complement is well-covered, and vertex-transitive if, for every pair of vertices, there exists an automorphism of the graph mapping one to the other. We show that a vertex-transitive graph is CIS if and only if it is well-covered, co-well-covered, and the product of its clique and stability numbers equals its order. A graph is irreducible if no two distinct vertices have the same neighborhood. We classify irreducible well-covered CIS graphs with clique number at most 3 and vertex-transitive CIS graphs of valency at most 7, which include an infinite family. We also exhibit an infinite family of vertex-transitive CIS graphs which are not Cayley.
Molecular excitations: a new way to detect Dark matter
Creators: name: Va'vra, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We believe that the Dark Matter (DM) search should be expanded into the domain of detectors sensitive to molecular excitations, and so that we should create detectors which are more sensitive to collisions with very light WIMPs. In this paper we investigate in detail di-atomic molecules, such as Fused Silica material with large OH-molecule content, and water molecules. Presently, we do not have suitable low cost IR detectors to observe single photons, however some OH-molecular excitations extend to visible and UV wavelengths, and can be measured by Bialkali photocathodes. There are many other chemical substances with di-atomic molecules, or more complex oil molecules, which could be investigated also. This idea invites searches in experiments having large target volumes of such materials coupled to a large array of single-photon detectors with Bialkali or infrared-sensitive photocathodes.