cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Aenictus
Creators: name: Gómez, Kiko
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Aenictus

description: rotundatus species complex DIAGNOSIS. With the rotundatus group characteristics and SIL> 57. Promesonotum always rounded and meeting the flat propodeum at an angle. OVERVIEW. Seven species in this complex. A. congolensis and A. jacki sp. nov. present decumbent to reclinated pilosity while the rest have erect to semierect pilosity. Both can be differentiated via SIL (57–61 for jacki and 68–74 for congolensis). A. nyuyi sp. nov. has consistently longer scapes than the other four species (SIL> 80 against SIL <75). Aenictus weissi always presents a developed propodeal ridge, even in the minors, and the subpetiolar process is always small and without lamella, while the other three do not present a propodeal ridge, but a thin linear ridge at most (in A. guineensis) and the three present developed subpetiolar processes with developed lamellae. The rest are hardly differentiable species and need some subtle analysis. A. ugaduwensis sp. nov. is stouter and with square heads while A. guineensis and A. rotundatus can be hard to separate and discriminant analysis can be necessary (details in key and in page 65). Also, A. rotundatus seems to be distributed in Southern and Eastern Africa, while A. guineensis and A. ugaduwensis sp. nov. have been found in Western Africa.
description: Published as part of Gómez, Kiko, 2022, A revision of the Afrotropical species of the Dorylinae ant genus Aenictus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) based on the worker caste, pp. 1-86 in Belgian Journal of Entomology 124 on page 59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5898821
Continuous ply minimization
Creators: name: Busto, Daniel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: This thesis is on the Continuous Ply Minimization problem, which is an exercise in minimizing the effects of uncertainty. Many geometric problems have been studied under models where the exact location of the inputs are uncertain; this adds a layer of complexity that depends on the level of the uncertainty. The level of uncertainty is related to the regions in which a given entity may lie. At any given time the maximum number of these regions which overlap at a single point is called the "ply" of those entities at that time. These problems may be simplified by assuming the entities have low ply at specific times. Previous work has investigated the problem of obtaining low ply at a single targeted time, in a setting where only single entity can be probed each time step. It was shown that, given a long enough period of time, ply that was within a constant factor of the minimum ply that could be obtained at the target time. Continuous Ply Minimization works under a similar system, but we are interested in maintaining low ply over an entire interval of time. In order to prove results about this problem we introduce several new tools, which aid our examination. We then produce an algorithm that can maintain constant factor competitiveness with any algorithm's average ply, as long as the entities are not moving. This algorithm relies on maintaining constant competitiveness with a new notion, namely the "optimal blanket value" of a given set of entities. In the case where the entities are moving, if we are given the maximum optimal blanket value, then we can produce an algorithm that maintains ply that is no worse than a constant factor more than it.
Computational Mean-field Games on Manifolds
Creators: name: Yu, Jiajia
name: Lai, Rongjie
name: Li, Wuchen
name: Osher, Stanley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49M41, 49M25, 53Z99

description: Conventional Mean-field games/control study the behavior of a large number of rational agents moving in the Euclidean spaces. In this work, we explore the mean-field games on Riemannian manifolds. We formulate the mean-field game Nash Equilibrium on manifolds. We also establish the equivalence between the PDE system and the optimality conditions of the associated variational form on manifolds. Based on the triangular mesh representation of two-dimensional manifolds, we design a proximal gradient method for variational mean-field games. Our comprehensive numerical experiments on various manifolds illustrate the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed model and numerical methods.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables
Axial Anomaly and Transition Formfactors
Creators: name: Teryaev, Oleg
name: Klopot, Yaroslav
name: Oganesian, Armen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study photon-meson transition formfactors of light mesons in the kinematics, where one photon is real and other is virtual. Dispersive approach to axial anomaly leads to the anomaly sum rule. The absence of corrections to it allows us to get the relation between possible corrections to continuum and to lower states within QCD method which does not rely on factorization hypothesis. We show, relying on the recent data of the BaBar Collaboration, that the relative correction to continuum is quite small, and small correction to continuum can dramatically change the pion formfactor. The same effect for η meson is shown to be less pronounced.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the proceedings of 35th International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP 2010), Paris, France, July 22-28, 2010
Additional file 1 of SUMOylation inhibition enhances dexamethasone sensitivity in multiple myeloma
Creators: name: Du, Li
name: Liu, Wei
name: Aldana-Masangkay, Grace
name: Pozhitkov, Alex
name: Pichiorri, Flavia
name: Chen, Yuan
name: Rosen, Steven T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1.
Compton-thick active galactic nuclei inside local ultraluminous infrared galaxies
Creators: name: Nardini, E.
name: Risaliti, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the X-ray analysis of the most luminous obscured active galactic nuclei (AGN) inside local ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). Our sample consists of ten sources, harbouring AGN components with estimated luminosity in excess of ~10^12 L_sun and yet unidentified at optical wavelengths because of their large obscuration. According to the Chandra and XMM-Newton spectra, only in two cases out of ten clear AGN signatures are detected at 2-10 keV in the shape of reflected emission. The X-ray flux from the starburst (SB) components, instead, is always broadly consistent with the expectations based on their IR emission. The most convincing explanation for the missing AGN detections is therefore the Compton-thickness of the X-ray absorber. In general, the combination of our mid-IR and X-ray spectral analysis suggests that the environment surrounding the AGN component in ULIRGs is much richer in gas and dust than in ordinary active galaxies, and the degree of AGN absorption can be tentatively related to the SB intensity, indicating a strong interaction between the two processes and supporting the ULIRG/quasar evolutionary scheme.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
A Quantitative Simulation-based Modeling Approach for College Counseling Centers
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Sohom
name: Hebaish, Youssef
name: Ntaimo, Lewis
name: Deegear, James
name: Rucker, Miles
name: Aprahamian, Hrayer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: College counseling centers in various universities have been tasked with the important responsibility of attending to the mental health needs of their students. Owing to the unprecedented recent surge of demand for such services, college counseling centers are facing several crippling resource-level challenges. This is leading to longer wait times which limits access to critical mental health services. To address these challenges, we construct a discrete-event simulation model that captures several intricate details of their operations and provides a data-driven framework to quantify the effect of different policy changes. In contrast to existing work on this matter, which are primarily based on qualitative assessments, the considered quantitative approach has the potential to lead to key observations that can assist counseling directors in constructing a system with desirable performance. To demonstrate the benefit of the considered simulation model, we use data specific to Texas A&M's Counseling & Psychological Services to run a series of numerical experiments. Our results demonstrate the predictive power of the simulation model, highlight a number of key observations, and identify policy changes that result in desirable system performance.
Photoassisted tunneling from free-standing GaAs thin films into metallic surfaces
Creators: name: Vu, D.
name: Arscott, S.
name: Peytavit, E.
name: Ramdani, R.
name: Gil, E.
name: André, Y.
name: Bansropun, S.
name: Gérard, B.
name: Rowe, A. C. H.
name: Paget, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tunnel photocurrent between a gold surface and a free-standing semiconducting thin film excited from the rear by above bandgap light has been measured as a function of applied bias, tunnel distance and excitation light power. The results are compared with the predictions of a model which includes the bias dependence of the tunnel barrier height and the bias-induced decrease of surface recombination velocity. It is found that i) the tunnel photocurrent from the conduction band dominates that from surface states. ii) At large tunnel distance the exponential bias dependence of the current is explained by that of the tunnel barrier height, while at small distance the change of surface recombination velocity is dominant.
Describing the ground state of quantum systems through statistical mechanics
Creators: name: Souza, Andre M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a statistical mechanics description to study the ground state of quantum systems. In this approach, averages for the complete system are calculated over the non-interacting energy levels. Taking different interaction parameter, the particles of the system fall into non-interacting microstates, corresponding to different occupation probabilities for these energy levels. Using this novel thermodynamic interpretation we study the Hubbard model for the case of two electrons in two sites and for the half-filled band on a one-dimensional lattice. We show that the form of the entropy depends on the specific system considered.
description: 8 pages
The effects of framing on support for political action on climate change
Creators: name: Schittecatte, Gabrielle
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: The scientific community has come to a consensus that immediate action is necessary to arrest the deleterious effects posed by anthropogenic climate change. However, widespread public support for climate mitigation policies has been seriously lacking. The literature has identified that the way climate change is being communicated and individual characteristics both pose barriers to increased support for political action on climate change. This study investigates the potential role of sociological and psychological factors affecting an individual’s support for political action on climate change. This study also evaluates how various climate change frames are perceived by different individuals, and how that perception may alter political support for climate change action. To do so individuals’ values and worldviews are assessed and related to their perception of economic and moral frames are more effective at stimulating people to support the fossil fuel divestment campaign that is sweeping across North America. The sample for this study was students from four research-based Canadian universities. Data was collected via an online survey hosted by FluidSurveys.com. Univariate and OLS multiple regressions were used to analyze the data. This study found that framing climate change as a moral issue was more effective at motivating support for political action than framing that climate change as an economic issue. It was also discovered that environmental and communitarian worldviews play a role in a person’s support for political action on climate change. These findings provide insight into how best to communicate the risks of climate change to enhance support for political action, and specifically the fossil free divestment campaign. Our findings also shed light on which worldviews should be targeted to by communication to foster support for climate action.
Optimization-based Block Coordinate Gradient Coding for Mitigating Partial Stragglers in Distributed Learning
Creators: name: Wang, Qi
name: Cui, Ying
name: Li, Chenglin
name: Zou, Junni
name: Xiong, Hongkai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Gradient coding schemes effectively mitigate full stragglers in distributed learning by introducing identical redundancy in coded local partial derivatives corresponding to all model parameters. However, they are no longer effective for partial stragglers as they cannot utilize incomplete computation results from partial stragglers. This paper aims to design a new gradient coding scheme for mitigating partial stragglers in distributed learning. Specifically, we consider a distributed system consisting of one master and N workers, characterized by a general partial straggler model and focuses on solving a general large-scale machine learning problem with L model parameters using gradient coding. First, we propose a coordinate gradient coding scheme with L coding parameters representing L possibly different diversities for the L coordinates, which generates most gradient coding schemes. Then, we consider the minimization of the expected overall runtime and the maximization of the completion probability with respect to the L coding parameters for coordinates, which are challenging discrete optimization problems. To reduce computational complexity, we first transform each to an equivalent but much simpler discrete problem with N\llL variables representing the partition of the L coordinates into N blocks, each with identical redundancy. This indicates an equivalent but more easily implemented block coordinate gradient coding scheme with N coding parameters for blocks. Then, we adopt continuous relaxation to further reduce computational complexity. For the resulting minimization of expected overall runtime, we develop an iterative algorithm of computational complexity O(N^2) to obtain an optimal solution and derive two closed-form approximate solutions both with computational complexity O(N). For the resultant maximization of the completion probability, we develop an iterative algorithm of...
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, to appear in IEEE Trans. Signal Process. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2109.08933
On the size of data structures used in symbolic model checking
Creators: name: Liberatore, Paolo
name: Schaerf, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Temporal Logic Model Checking is a verification method in which we describe a system, the model, and then we verify whether some properties, expressed in a temporal logic formula, hold in the system. It has many industrial applications. In order to improve performance, some tools allow preprocessing of the model, verifying on-line a set of properties reusing the same compiled model; we prove that the complexity of the Model Checking problem, without any preprocessing or preprocessing the model or the formula in a polynomial data structure, is the same. As a result preprocessing does not always exponentially improve performance. Symbolic Model Checking algorithms work by manipulating sets of states, and these sets are often represented by BDDs. It has been observed that the size of BDDs may grow exponentially as the model and formula increase in size. As a side result, we formally prove that a superpolynomial increase of the size of these BDDs is unavoidable in the worst case. While this exponential growth has been empirically observed, to the best of our knowledge it has never been proved so far in general terms. This result not only holds for all types of BDDs regardless of the variable ordering, but also for more powerful data structures, such as BEDs, RBCs, MTBDDs, and ADDs.
NOMA-based Improper Signaling for Multicell MISO RIS-assisted Broadcast Channels
Creators: name: Soleymani, Mohammad
name: Santamaria, Ignacio
name: Jorswieck, Eduard
name: Rezvani, Sepehr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we study the performance of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) in a multicell broadcast channel (BC) that employs improper Gaussian signaling (IGS) jointly with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to optimize either the minimum-weighted rate or the energy efficiency (EE) of the network. We show that although the RIS can significantly improve the system performance, it cannot mitigate interference completely, so we have to employ other interference-management techniques to further improve performance. We show that the proposed NOMA-based IGS scheme can substantially outperform proper Gaussian signaling (PGS) and IGS schemes that treat interference as noise (TIN) in particular when the number of users per cell is larger than the number of base station (BS) antennas (referred to as overloaded networks). In other words, IGS and NOMA complement to each other as interference management techniques in multicell RIS-assisted BCs. Furthermore, we consider three different feasibility sets for the RIS components showing that even a RIS with a small number of elements provides considerable gains for all the feasibility sets.
description: Accepted at IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Effectiveness of an online homework tutorial about changing basis in quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Corsiglia, Giaco
name: Pollock, Steven
name: Wilcox, Bethany
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Changing basis is a common task when solving quantum mechanical problems. As part of a research project investigating student understanding of basis and change of basis in quantum mechanics, we developed a tutorial to support students in learning about basis in the context of spin-1/2 systems. We have since created an interactive online version of the basis tutorial as part of a freely available suite of online quantum tutorials called ACE Physics (acephysics.net). The ACE Physics tutorials include dynamic guidance elements and, unlike other tutorials, are intended for use outside the classroom without instructor facilitation. After extensive study in an instructor-supported environment, we assigned the ACE Physics basis tutorial as homework in two semesters of upper-division quantum mechanics, and we report on the effectiveness of the activity based on pre-/post-testing and comparison of student exam performance with a similar semester that did not include the activity. We find that the tutorial produces sufficient learning gains to justify continued assignment as a homework problem in our classes.
Neutrinos, mixed bosons, Quantum Reference Frames and entanglement
Creators: name: Capolupo, Antonio
name: Quaranta, Aniello
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the relevance of quantum reference frames in the description of mixed particle states. We show that the notion of rest frame for mixed particles, which is classically ill-defined, can be introduced in the context of quantum frames. We discuss the possible phenomenological implications, displaying a new form of framedependent entanglement that characterizes reactions involving mixed particles.
description: 4 pages, No figures
A spherical Monte-Carlo model of aerosols: Validation and first applications to Mars and Titan
Creators: name: Vincendon, Mathieu
name: Langevin, Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The atmospheres of Mars and Titan are loaded with aerosols that impact remote sensing observations of their surface. Here we present the algorithm and the first applications of a radiative transfer model in spherical geometry designed for planetary data analysis. We first describe a fast Monte-Carlo code that takes advantage of symmetries and geometric redundancies. We then apply this model to observations of the surface of Mars and Titan at the terminator as acquired by OMEGA/Mars Express and VIMS/Cassini. These observations are used to probe the vertical distribution of aerosols down to the surface. On Mars, we find the scale height of dust particles to vary between 6 km and 12 km depending on season. Temporal variations in the vertical size distribution of aerosols are also highlighted. On Titan, an aerosols scale height of 80 \pm 10 km is inferred, and the total optical depth is found to decrease with wavelength as a power-law with an exponent of -2.0 \pm 0.4 from a value of 2.3 \pm 0.5 at 1.08 μm. Once the aerosols properties have been constrained, the model is used to retrieve surface reflectance properties at high solar zenith angles and just after sunset.
Final Result on the Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay of $^{82}$Se with CUPID-0
Creators: name: Azzolini, O.
name: Beeman, J. W.
name: Bellini, F.
name: Beretta, M.
name: Biassoni, M.
name: Brofferio, C.
name: Bucci, C.
name: Capelli, S.
name: Caracciolo, V.
name: Cardani, L.
name: Carniti, P.
name: Casali, N.
name: Chiesa, D.
name: Clemenza, M.
name: Colantoni, I.
name: Cremonesi, O.
name: Cruciani, A.
name: D'Addabbo, A.
name: Dafinei, I.
name: De Dominics, F.
name: Di Domizio, S.
name: Ferroni, F.
name: Gironi, L.
name: Giuliani, A.
name: Gorla, P.
name: Gotti, C.
name: Keppel, G.
name: Martinez, M.
name: Nagorny, S.
name: Nastasi, M.
name: Nisi, S.
name: Nones, C.
name: Orlandi, D.
name: Pagnanini, L.
name: Pallavicini, M.
name: Pattavina, L.
name: Pavan, M.
name: Pessina, G.
name: Pettinacci, V.
name: Pirro, S.
name: Pozzi, S.
name: Previtali, E.
name: Puiu, A.
name: Rusconi, C.
name: Schaeffner, K.
name: Tomei, C.
name: Vignati, M.
name: Zolotarova, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CUPID-0, an array of Zn$^{82}$Se cryogenic calorimeters, was the first medium-scale demonstrator of the scintillating bolometers technology. The first project phase (March 2017 - December 2018) allowed the most stringent limit on the neutrinoless double beta decay half-life of the isotope of interest, $^{82}$Se, to be set. After a six months long detector upgrade, CUPID-0 began its second and last phase (June 2019 - February 2020). In this letter, we describe the search for neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{82}$Se with a total exposure (phase I + II) of 8.82 kg$\times$yr of isotope. We set a limit on the half-life of $^{82}$Se to the ground state of $^{82}$Kr of T$^{0ν}_{1/2}$($^{82}$Se)$>$ 4.6$\times \mathrm{10}^{24}$ yr (90\% credible interval), corresponding to an effective Majorana neutrino mass m$_{ββ} <$ (263 -- 545) meV. We also set the most stringent lower limits on the neutrinoless decays of $^{82}$Se to the 0$_1^+$, 2$_1^+$ and 2$_2^+$ excited states of $^{82}$Kr, finding 1.8$\times$10$^{23}$ yr, 3.0$\times$10$^{23}$ yr, 3.2$\times$10$^{23}$ yr (90$\%$ credible interval) respectively.
How Much is Enough? A Study on Diffusion Times in Score-based Generative Models
Creators: name: Franzese, Giulio
name: Rossi, Simone
name: Yang, Lixuan
name: Finamore, Alessandro
name: Rossi, Dario
name: Filippone, Maurizio
name: Michiardi, Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Score-based diffusion models are a class of generative models whose dynamics is described by stochastic differential equations that map noise into data. While recent works have started to lay down a theoretical foundation for these models, an analytical understanding of the role of the diffusion time T is still lacking. Current best practice advocates for a large T to ensure that the forward dynamics brings the diffusion sufficiently close to a known and simple noise distribution; however, a smaller value of T should be preferred for a better approximation of the score-matching objective and higher computational efficiency. Starting from a variational interpretation of diffusion models, in this work we quantify this trade-off, and suggest a new method to improve quality and efficiency of both training and sampling, by adopting smaller diffusion times. Indeed, we show how an auxiliary model can be used to bridge the gap between the ideal and the simulated forward dynamics, followed by a standard reverse diffusion process. Empirical results support our analysis; for image data, our method is competitive w.r.t. the state-of-the-art, according to standard sample quality metrics and log-likelihood.
Review, implementation and demonstration of dynamic analysis and ground motion models
Creators: name: Ramani, Vasantha
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Dynamic structural analysis in recent years has gained importance due to increasing need to design structures for seismic resistance and also meet different performance demands. Also, structures are becoming more complex and it is difficult to accurately simulate their dynamic behavior using static analyses. With the advent of better computational capacity, engineers have been adopting computer programs for design and analyses of buildings. Making use of the advancement in computation and the need for dynamic analyses, tools required for dynamic analyses are implemented in a software called Rts. Rts is the next version of Rt, a computer program for risk and reliability analysis. For dynamic analyses it is required to have a ground motion input which can either be selected from existing databases of ground motion records or be generated as synthetic ground motions. If using actual ground motions it is required to modify them so that they match the anticipated hazard level. To overcome the limitation of scarcity of ground motion records, synthetic ground motion models can be used. To accomplish this in Rts, a synthetic ground motion model is implemented. The dynamic analysis algorithm and the ground motion models are implemented using object oriented programming. These implementations can be seen as a stepping stone to develop a computer program that would be robust and closely simulate the behavior of structures. It also forms the platform for future research for performance based earthquake engineering design and reliability analysis.
Deep learning of interfacial curvature: a symmetry-preserving approach for the volume of fluid method
Creators: name: Önder, Asim
name: Liu, Philip Li-Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Estimation of interface curvature in surface-tension dominated flows is a remaining challenge in Volume of Fluid (VOF) methods. Data-driven methods are recently emerging as a promising alternative in this domain. They outperform conventional methods on coarser grids but diverge with grid refinement. Furthermore, unlike conventional methods, data-driven methods are sensitive to coordinate system and sign conventions, thus often fail to capture basic symmetry patterns in interfaces. The present work proposes a new data-driven strategy which conserves the symmetries in a cost-effective way and delivers consistent results over a wide range of grids. The method is based on artificial neural networks with deep multilayer perceptron (MLP) architecture which read volume fraction fields on regular grids. The anti-symmetries are preserved with no additional cost by employing a neural network model with input normalization, odd-symmetric activation functions and bias-free neurons. The symmetries are further conserved by height-function inspired rotations and averaging over several different orientations. The new symmetry-preserving MLP model is implemented into a flow solver (OpenFOAM) and tested against conventional schemes in the literature. It shows superior performance compared to its standard counterpart and has similar accuracy and convergence properties with the state-of-the-art conventional method despite using smaller stencil.
description: Preprint under review in Journal of Computational Physics
Wigner-Seitz cells in neutron star crust with finite range interactions
Creators: name: Than, Hoang Sy
name: Khan, E.
name: Van Giai, Nguyen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of Wigner-Seitz cells in the inner crust of neutron stars is investigated using a microcospic Hartree-Fock-BCS approach with finite range D1S and M3Y-P4 interactions. Large effects on the densities are found compared to previous predictions using Skyrme interactions. Pairing effects are found to be small, and they are attenuated by the use of finite range interactions in the mean field.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
"Explosive Percolation" Transition is Actually Continuous
Creators: name: da Costa, R. A.
name: Dorogovtsev, S. N.
name: Goltsev, A. V.
name: Mendes, J. F. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The basic notion of percolation in physics assumes the emergence of a giant connected (percolation) cluster in a large disordered system when the density of connections exceeds some critical value. Until recently, the percolation phase transitions were believed to be continuous, however, in 2009, a remarkably different, discontinuous phase transition was reported in a new so-called "explosive percolation" problem. Each link in this problem is established by a specific optimization process. Here, employing strict analytical arguments and numerical calculations, we find that in fact the "explosive percolation" transition is continuous though with an uniquely small critical exponent of the percolation cluster size. These transitions provide a new class of critical phenomena in irreversible systems and processes.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Synthesis of and compilation with time-optimal multi-qubit gates
Creators: name: Baßler, Pascal
name: Zipper, Matthias
name: Cedzich, Christopher
name: Heinrich, Markus
name: Huber, Patrick H.
name: Johanning, Michael
name: Kliesch, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a method to synthesize a class of entangling multi-qubit gates for a quantum computing platform with fixed Ising-type interaction with all-to-all connectivity. The only requirement on the flexibility of the interaction is that it can be switched on and off for individual qubits. Our method yields a time-optimal implementation of the multi-qubit gates. We numerically demonstrate that the total multi-qubit gate time scales approximately linear in the number of qubits. Using this gate synthesis as a subroutine, we provide compilation strategies for important use cases: (i) we show that any Clifford circuit on $n$ qubits can be implemented using at most $2n$ multi-qubit gates without requiring ancilla qubits, (ii) we decompose the quantum Fourier transform in a similar fashion, (iii) we compile a simulation of molecular dynamics, and (iv) we propose a method for the compilation of diagonal unitaries with time-optimal multi-qubit gates, as a step towards general unitaries. As motivation, we provide a detailed discussion on a microwave controlled ion trap architecture with magnetic gradient induced coupling (MAGIC) for the generation of the Ising-type interactions.
description: 35 pages, 7 figures, v2: improved section 3.2.3 + new example
A potentially stable five-helix bundle cavitein and applications of caviteins in ester hydrolysis and protein-protein interaction
Creators: name: Yang, Hui
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: This thesis will present the study of a peptide sequence that is favourable for forming a five-helix bundle through the use of template assembled synthetic proteins (TASPs), and applications of our synthetic proteins in rate enhancement of ester hydrolysis and protein-protein interactions. Chapter 1 will introduce proteins, de novo protein design, and TASPs. It will also review past and current research on the applications of the synthetic molecules mimicking biological behavior. Chapter 2 will focus on several modified de novo designed peptide sequences that are intended to be more favourable in folding into a five-helix bundle than a four-helix bundle. We found that our designed sequence narrowed the free energy gap between the five-helix bundle and the four-helix bundle relative to the systems where the peptide sequence was designed to favour a four-helix bundle. Chapter 3 will concentrate on investigating the rate enhancement of ester hydrolysis by histidine-containing TASPs. These TASPs increased the rate of ester hydrolysis, and the position of the histidines was found to be relevant to activity. Chapter 4 will detail the attempts at using a template-assembled synthetic protein to inhibit protein-protein interactions between a Bak peptide and a Bcl-xL protein. Our synthesized protein was found to be a good binding partner towards the Bcl-xL protein and manifested moderately enhanced proteolytic resistance. Several heterocaviteins were also synthesized to study both their inhibitive activities to the Bcl-xL protein, and their proteolytic stability. Chapter 5 will summarize and conclude the work throughout this thesis.
First magnetic field models for recently discovered magnetic beta Cephei and slowly pulsating B stars
Creators: name: Hubrig, S.
name: Ilyin, I.
name: Schoeller, M.
name: Briquet, M.
name: Morel, T.
name: De Cat, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In spite of recent detections of magnetic fields in a number of beta Cephei and slowly pulsating B (SPB) stars, their impact on stellar rotation, pulsations, and element diffusion is not sufficiently studied yet. The reason for this is the lack of knowledge of rotation periods, the magnetic field strength distribution and temporal variability, and the field geometry. New longitudinal field measurements of four beta Cephei and candidate beta Cephei stars, and two SPB stars were acquired with FORS2 at the VLT. These measurements allowed us to carry out a search for rotation periods and to constrain the magnetic field geometry for four stars in our sample.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure, 4 tables, letter to ApJ
A gravitationally induced decoherence model using Ashtekar variables
Creators: name: Fahn, Max Joseph
name: Giesel, Kristina
name: Kobler, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the coupling of a scalar field to linearised gravity and derive a relativistic gravitationally induced decoherence model using Ashtekar variables. The model is formulated at the gauge invariant level using suitable geometrical clocks in the relational formalism, broadening existing gauge invariant formulations of decoherence models. For the construction of the Dirac observables we extend the known observable map by a kind of dual map where the role of clocks and constraints is interchanged. We also discuss a second choice of geometrical clocks existing in the ADM literature. Then we apply a reduced phase space quantisation on Fock space and derive the final master equation choosing a Gibbs state for the gravitational environment and using the projection operator technique. The resulting master equation is not automatically of Lindblad type, a starting point sometimes assumed for phenomenological models, but still involves a residual time dependence at the level of the effective operators in the master equation due to the form of the correlation functions that we express in terms of thermal Wightman functions. Furthermore, we discuss why in the model analysed here the application of a second Markov approximation in order to obtain a set of time independent effective system operators is less straightforward than in some of the quantum mechanical models.
description: 79 pages
Supernova Dust Evolution Probed by Deep-sea 60Fe Time History
Creators: name: Ertel, Adrienne F.
name: Fry, Brian J.
name: Fields, Brian D.
name: Ellis, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a wealth of data on live, undecayed 60Fe ($t_{1/2} = 2.6 \ \rm Myr$) in deep-sea deposits, the lunar regolith, cosmic rays, and Antarctic snow, which is interpreted as originating from the recent explosions of at least two near-Earth supernovae. We use the 60Fe profiles in deep-sea sediments to estimate the timescale of supernova debris deposition beginning $\sim 3$ Myr ago. The available data admits a variety of different profile functions, but in all cases the best-fit 60Fe pulse durations are $>1.6$ Myr when all the data is combined. This timescale far exceeds the $\lesssim 0.1$ Myr pulse that would be expected if 60Fe was entrained in the supernova blast wave plasma. We interpret the long signal duration as evidence that 60Fe arrives in the form of supernova dust, whose dynamics are separate from but coupled to the evolution of the blast plasma. In this framework, the $>1.6$ Myr is that for dust stopping due to drag forces. This scenario is consistent with the simulations in Fry et. al (2020), where the dust is magnetically trapped in supernova remnants and thereby confined around regions of the remnant dominated by supernova ejects, where magnetic fields are low. This picture fits naturally with models of cosmic-ray injection of refractory elements as sputtered supernova dust grains and implies that the recent 60Fe detections in cosmic rays complement the fragments of grains that survived to arrive on the Earth and Moon. Finally, we present possible tests for this scenario.
description: 42 pages, 14 figures, matches version to appear in ApJ. Figures updated
Harnessing two-photon dissipation for enhanced quantum measurement and control
Creators: name: Marquet, Antoine
name: Dupouy, Simon
name: Réglade, Ulysse
name: Essig, Antoine
name: Cohen, Joachim
name: Albertinale, Emanuele
name: Bienfait, Audrey
name: Peronnin, Théau
name: Jezouin, Sébastien
name: Lescanne, Raphaël
name: Huard, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dissipation engineering offers a powerful tool for quantum technologies. Recently, new superconducting devices have achieved an engineered two-photon dissipation rate exceeding all other relevant timescales. In particular, they have proven most useful in preventing transitions between the logical states $|\pmα\rangle$ of a cat qubit. Here, we present three key applications of strong two-photon dissipation for quantum measurement and control, beyond cat qubit stabilization. Firstly, we demonstrate its efficacy in overcoming limitations encountered in Wigner tomography at high photon numbers. Secondly, we showcase its potential for realizing universal gates on cat qubits, exploiting the coherent mapping between cat qubit states and superpositions of 0 and 1 photons. Finally, we harness the transient dynamics of a cat state under two-photon dissipation to prepare squeezed cat states with a squeezing factor exceeding 3.96$\pm$0.07 dB.
description: Three videos can be downloaded as ancillary files
V-shaped action functional with delay
Creators: name: Frauenfelder, Urs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this note we introduce the V-shaped action function with delay in a symplectization which is an intermediate action functional between Rabinowitz action functional and the V-shaped action functional. It lives on the same space as the V-shaped action functional but its gradient flow equation is a delay equation as in the case of Rabinowitz action functional. We show that there is a smooth interpolation between the V-shaped action functional and the V-shaped action functional with delay during which the critical points and its actions are fixed. On the other hand there is a bijection between gradient flow lines of the V-shaped action functional with delay and the ones of Rabinowitz action functional.
description: 14 pages
Roughness exponents and grain shapes
Creators: name: Oliveira, T. J.
name: Reis, F. D. A. Aarao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In surfaces with grainy features, the local roughness $w$ shows a crossover at a characteristic length $r_c$, with roughness exponent changing from $α_1\approx 1$ to a smaller $α_2$. The grain shape, the choice of $w$ or height-height correlation function (HHCF) $C$, and the procedure to calculate root mean-square averages are shown to have remarkable effects on $α_1$. With grains of pyramidal shape, $α_1$ can be as low as 0.71, which is much lower than the previous prediction 0.85 for rounded grains. The same crossover is observed in the HHCF, but with initial exponent $χ_1\approx 0.5$ for flat grains, while for some conical grains it may increase to $χ_1\approx 0.7$. The universality class of the growth process determines the exponents $α_2=χ_2$ after the crossover, but has no effect on the initial exponents $α_1$ and $χ_1$, supporting the geometric interpretation of their values. For all grain shapes and different definitions of surface roughness or HHCF, we still observe that the crossover length $r_c$ is an accurate estimate of the grain size. The exponents obtained in several recent experimental works on different materials are explained by those models, with some surface images qualitatively similar to our model films.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures and 2 tables
First orbital solution for the non-thermal emitter Cyg OB2 #9
Creators: name: Naze, Y.
name: Damerdji, Y.
name: Rauw, G.
name: Kiminki, D. C.
name: Mahy, L.
name: Kobulnicky, H. A.
name: Morel, T.
name: De Becker, M.
name: Eenens, P.
name: Barbieri, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After the first detection of its binary nature, the spectroscopic monitoring of the non-thermal radio emitter Cyg OB2 #9 (P=2.4yrs) has continued, doubling the number of available spectra of the star. Since the discovery paper of 2008, a second periastron passage has occurred in February 2009. Using a variety of techniques, the radial velocities could be estimated and a first, preliminary orbital solution was derived from the HeI5876 line. The mass ratio appears close to unity and the eccentricity is large, 0.7--0.75. X-ray data from 2004 and 2007 are also analyzed in quest of peculiarities linked to binarity. The observations reveal no large overluminosity nor strong hardness, but it must be noted that the high-energy data were taken after the periastron passage, at a time where colliding wind emission may be low. Some unusual X-ray variability is however detected, with a 10% flux decrease between 2004 and 2007. To clarify their origin and find a more obvious signature of the wind-wind collision, additional data, taken at periastron and close to it, are needed.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, accepted by ApJ
Searches for heavy neutrinos at multi-TeV muon collider : a resonant leptogenesis perspective
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Indrani
name: Roy, Himadri
name: Srivastava, Tripurari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, the standard model (SM) is extended with two right-handed (RH) neutrinos and two singlet neutral fermions to yield active neutrino masses via (2,2) inverse see-saw mechanism. We first validate the multi-dimensional model parameter space with neutrino oscillation data, obeying the experimental bounds coming from the lepton flavor violating (LFV) decays: $μ\to e γ,~ τ\to e γ, ~ τ\to μγ$. Besides we also search for the portion of the parameter space which yield the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe via resonant leptogenesis. Further, we pick up a few benchmark points from the aforementioned parameter space with TeV scale heavy neutrinos and perform an exhaustive collider analysis of the final states: $2l + \mET$ in multi-TeV muon collider.
description: 29 pages, 5 tables, 6 captioned figures