cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effect of Low-Dose Ritonavir on the Pharmacokinetics of the CXCR4 Antagonist AMD070 in Healthy Volunteers
Creators: name: Cao, Y. J.
name: Radebaugh, C.
name: Park, J.-G.
name: Wiggins, I.
name: Klingman, K.
name: MacFarland, R.
name: Conley, J.
name: Dunaway, S.
name: Flexner, C. W.
name: Hendrix, C. W.
name: Becker, S.
name: Kashuba, A. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: AMD070, a CXCR4 antagonist, has demonstrated antiretroviral activity in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Since AMD070 is a substrate of cytochrome P450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein, both of which may be affected by ritonavir, we tested for a ritonavir effect on AMD070 pharmacokinetics. Subjects were given a single 200-mg dose of AMD070 on days 1, 3, and 17. Ritonavir (100 mg every 12 h) was dosed from day 3 to day 18. Blood samples to test for AMD070 concentrations were collected over 48 h after each administration of AMD070. Twenty-three male subjects were recruited. Among them, 21 completed the study, and 2 were discontinued for reasons other than safety. All adverse events were grade 2 or lower. AMD070 alone had the following pharmacokinetic features, given as medians (ranges): 3 h (0.5 to 4 h) for the time to peak blood concentration, 256 ng/ml (41 to 845 ng/ml) for the peak concentration (Cmax), 934 h·ng/ml (313 to 2,127 h·ng/ml) for the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 h to infinity (AUC0-∞), 214 liters/h (94 to 639 liters/h) for apparent body clearance, and 4,201 liters (1,996 to 9,991 liters) for the apparent volume of distribution based on the terminal phase. The initial doses of ritonavir increased the Cmax of AMD070 [geometric mean (90% confidence interval)] by 39% (3 to 89%) and the AUC0-∞ by 60% (29 to 100%). After 14 days of ritonavir dosing, the pharmacokinetic changes in AMD070 persisted. The plasma pharmacokinetics of ritonavir were consistent with previous reports. It is concluded that AMD070 concentrations were increased with concomitant ritonavir dosing for 14 days in healthy volunteers.
Interferometric diameters of five evolved intermediate-mass planet-hosting stars measured with PAVO at the CHARA Array
Creators: name: Mann, A.W.
name: Tuthill, P.G.
name: Grunblatt, S.K.
name: Schaefer, G.H.
name: White, T.R.
name: Bedding, T.R.
name: Casagrande, L.
name: Justesen, A.B.
name: Huber, D.
name: Ireland, M.J.
name: Silva Aguirre, V.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2018

description: Debate over the planet occurrence rates around intermediate-mass stars has hinged on the accurate determination of masses of evolved stars, and has been exacerbated by a paucity of reliable, directly measured fundamental properties for these stars. We present long-baseline optical interferometry of five evolved intermediate-mass (~1.5M⊙) planet-hosting stars using the PAVO beam combiner at the CHARA Array, which we combine with bolometric flux measurements and parallaxes to determine their radii and effective temperatures.Wemeasured the radii and effective temperatures of 6 Lyncis (5.12 ± 0.16 R⊙, 4949 ± 58 K), 24 Sextantis (5.49 ± 0.18 R⊙, 4908 ± 65 K), κ Coronae Borealis (4.77 ± 0.07 R⊙, 4870 ± 47 K), HR 6817 (4.45 ± 0.08 R⊙, 5013 ± 59 K), and HR8461 (4.91 ± 0.12 R⊙, 4950 ± 68 K). We find disagreements of typically 15 per cent in angular diameter and ~200K in temperature compared to interferometric measurements in the literature, yet good agreement with spectroscopic and photometric temperatures, concluding that the previous interferometric measurements may have been affected by systematic errors exceeding their formal uncertainties. Modelling based on BaSTI isochrones using various sets of asteroseismic, spectroscopic, and interferometric constraints tends to favour slightly (~15 per cent) lower masses than generally reported in the literature.
Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT). VIII. A Two-planet System in Praesepe from K2 Campaign 16
Creators: name: Douglas, S.T.
name: Kraus, A.L.
name: Dressing, C.D.
name: Rizzuto, A.C.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Krolikowski, D.M.
name: Vanderburg, A.
name: Agüeros, M.A.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2018

description: Young planets offer a direct view of the formation and evolution processes that produced the diverse population of mature exoplanet systems known today. The repurposed Kepler mission K2 is providing the first sample of young transiting planets by observing populations of stars in nearby, young clusters and stellar associations. We report the detection and confirmation of two planets transiting K2-264, an M2.5 dwarf in the 650 Myr old Praesepe open cluster. Using our notch-filter search method on the K2 light curve, we identify planets with periods of 5.84 and 19.66 days. This is currently the second known multi-transit system in open clusters younger than 1 Gyr. The inner planet has a radius of 2.27+0.20 -0.16 R⊕ and the outer planet has a radius of 2.27+0.20 -0.18 R ⊕. Both planets are likely mini-Neptunes. These planets are expected to produce radial velocity signals of 3.4 and 2.7 m s-1, respectively, which is smaller than the expected stellar variability in the optical (≃30 m s-1), making mass measurements unlikely in the optical but possible with future near-infrared spectrographs. We use an injection-recovery test to place robust limits on additional planets in the system and find that planets larger than 2 R ⊕ with periods of 1-20 days are unlikely.
Strongly metallic electron and hole 2D transport in an ambipolar Si-vacuum field effect transistor
Creators: name: Hu, Binhui
name: Yazdanpanah, M. M.
name: Kane, B. E.
name: Hwang, E. H.
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report experiment and theory on an ambipolar gate-controlled Si-vacuum field effect transistor (FET) where we study electron and hole (low-temperature 2D) transport in the same device simply by changing the external gate voltage to tune the system from being a 2D electron system at positive gate voltage to a 2D hole system at negative gate voltage. The electron (hole) conductivity manifests strong (moderate) metallic temperature dependence with the conductivity decreasing by a factor of 8 (2) between 0.3 K and 4.2 K with the peak electron mobility ($\sim 18$ m$^2$/Vs) being roughly 20 times larger than the peak hole mobility (in the same sample). Our theory explains the data well using RPA screening of background Coulomb disorder, establishing that the observed metallicity is a direct consequence of the strong temperature dependence of the effective screened disorder.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Effects of Minocycline and Valproic Acid Coadministration on Atazanavir Plasma Concentrations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Adults Receiving Atazanavir-Ritonavir
Creators: name: Gelbard, H.
name: Peterson, D. R.
name: Mariuz, P.
name: Rezk, N. L.
name: Cruttenden, K.
name: Schifitto, G.
name: DiCenzo, R.
name: Hochreiter, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Minocycline and valproic acid are potential adjuvant therapies for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cognitive impairment. The purpose of this study was to determine whether minocycline alone or in combination with valproic acid affected atazanavir plasma concentrations. Twelve adult HIV-infected subjects whose regimen included atazanavir (300 mg)-ritonavir (100 mg) daily for at least 4 weeks were enrolled. Each subject received atazanavir-ritonavir on day 1, atazanavir-ritonavir plus 100 mg minocycline twice daily on days 2 to 15, and atazanavir-ritonavir plus 100 mg minocycline twice daily and 250 mg valproic acid twice daily on days 16 to 30 with meals. The subjects had 11 plasma samples drawn over a dosing interval on days 1, 15, and 30. The coadministration of minocycline and valproic acid with atazanavir-ritonavir was well tolerated in all 12 subjects (six male; mean [± standard deviation] age was 43.1 [8.2] years). The geometric mean ratios (GMRs; 95% confidence interval [CI]) for the atazanavir area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h at steady state (AUC0-24), the plasma concentration 24 h after the dose (Cmin), and the maximum concentration during the dosing interval (Cmax) with and without minocycline were 0.67 (0.50 to 0.90), 0.50 (0.28 to 0.89), and 0.75 (0.58 to 0.95), respectively. Similar decreases in atazanavir exposure were seen after the addition of valproic acid. The GMRs (95% CI) for atazanavir AUC0-24, Cmin, and Cmax with and without minocycline plus valproic acid were 0.68 (0.43 to 1.06), 0.50 (0.24 to 1.06), and 0.66 (0.41 to 1.06), respectively. Coadministration of neither minocycline nor minocycline plus valproic acid appeared to influence the plasma concentrations of ritonavir (P > 0.2). Minocycline coadministration resulted in decreased atazanavir exposure, and there was no evidence that the addition of valproic acid mediated this effect.
A generalized bag-like boundary condition for fields with arbitrary spin
Creators: name: Stokes, Adam
name: Bennett, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Boundary conditions for the Maxwell and Dirac fields at material surfaces are widely-used and physically well-motivated, but do not appear to have been generalised to deal with higher spin fields. As a result there is no clear prescription as to which boundary conditions should be selected in order to obtain physically-relevant results pertaining to confined higher spin fields. This lack of understanding is significant given that boundary-dependent phenomena are ubiquitous across physics, a prominent example being the Casimir effect. Here, we use the two-spinor calculus formalism to present a unified treatment of boundary conditions routinely employed in the treatment of spin-1/2 and spin-1 fields. We then use this unification to obtain a boundary condition that can be applied to massless fields of any spin, including the spin-2 graviton, and its supersymmetric partner the spin-3/2 gravitino.
Quantum Speedup of the Dispersion and Codebook Design Problems
Creators: name: Yukiyoshi, Kein
name: Mikuriya, Taku
name: Rou, Hyeon Seok
name: de Abreu, Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas
name: Ishikawa, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We propose new formulations of max-sum and max-min dispersion problems that enable solutions via the Grover adaptive search (GAS) quantum algorithm, offering quadratic speedup. Dispersion problems are combinatorial optimization problems classified as NP-hard, which appear often in coding theory and wireless communications applications involving optimal codebook design. In turn, GAS is a quantum exhaustive search algorithm that can be used to implement full-fledged maximum-likelihood optimal solutions. In conventional naive formulations however, it is typical to rely on a binary vector spaces, resulting in search space sizes prohibitive even for GAS. To circumvent this challenge, we instead formulate the search of optimal dispersion problem over Dicke states, an equal superposition of binary vectors with equal Hamming weights, which significantly reduces the search space leading to a simplification of the quantum circuit via the elimination of penalty terms. Additionally, we propose a method to replace distance coefficients with their ranks, contributing to the reduction of the number of qubits. Our analysis demonstrates that as a result of the proposed techniques a reduction in query complexity compared to the conventional GAS using Hadamard transform is achieved, enhancing the feasibility of the quantum-based solution of the dispersion problem.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Genotyping as a Tool for Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in New Caledonia: Evidence of a Novel Genotype Associated with Reduced Penicillin Susceptibility
Creators: name: Vernel-Pauillac, F.
name: Nicholas, R. A.
name: Nandi, S.
name: Goarant, C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae continues to be a major concern in public health. Resistance of N. gonorrhoeae bacteria to penicillin G is widespread in most developed countries, which has necessitated a change to newer drugs for treatment of gonococcal infections. Recent reports indicate that resistance to these newer drugs is increasing, highlighting the need for accurate therapeutic recommendations. In some countries or communities, however, N. gonorrhoeae isolates are still susceptible to penicillin, so the use of this antibiotic for single-dose treatments of medically under-resourced patients is beneficial. In order to evaluate the adequacy and sustainability of this treatment approach, we explored the presence and prevalence of chromosomally mediated resistance determinants in N. gonorrhoeae isolates collected from 2005 to 2007 in New Caledonia. We developed two new real-time PCR assays targeting the penB and mtrR determinants, to be used together with a previously described duplex assay targeting the penA and ponA determinants. The results of this study provided evidence that neither the most-common mtrR determinants nor the most-resistance-associated penB alleles are currently circulating in New Caledonia, suggesting that penicillin should still be considered a valuable treatment strategy. Additionally, using our genotyping assay, we observed an unexpected penB genotype at a relatively high frequency that was associated with a decreased susceptibility to penicillin (average MIC, 0.15 μg/ml). Sequencing revealed that this genotype corresponded to an A102S mutation in the penB gene. The molecular tools developed in this study can be used successfully for prospective epidemiological monitoring and surveillance of penicillin susceptibility.
Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of the Methanol Extracts of Rosa Damascena against S. aureus.
Creators: name: Indah Mohd Amin
name: Nurhayati Mohamad Zain
name: Ahmad, Vivi Noryati
name: Dzulfakhrul Najwan Mat Daud
name: Sani, Nabilah Abdullah
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110502 Dental Therapeutics, Pharmacology and Toxicology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110599 Dentistry not elsewhere classified
subject: 110899 Medical Microbiology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objectives: The aims of this study are to investigate antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of Rosa damascena
(R.damascena) flower extract against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Method: The antibacterial activity was
assessed with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The
potential of R.damascena flower extract as an antibiofilm agent was evaluated using biofilm inhibition assay and
biofilm eradication assay. Chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.12% was used as a positive control. The experiment was
performed in triplicate and repeated four times independently. All the data obtained were analysed using SPSS
version 23. A Kruskal-Wallis test followed by post-hoc Mann-Whitney U test and level of significance was set at
P < 0.05. Results: From this study, R.damascena extract shows antibacterial activity with MIC 50 mg/ml and
MBC 100 mg/ml. Treatment with 0.5 MIC of extract inhibited 43.2% of biofilm formation. The biofilm
eradication assay shows that 60.9% (p<0.001) of biofilm was eradicated by the extract upon 5 minutes treatment
and 50.65% by 0.12% CHX. Conclusion: The result of this in-vitro study suggests a possible utilisation of
R.damascena flower extract in treating S. aureus biofilm-associated infection in the oral environment.
An Analysis on the Asymmetric Price Transmission in South Korean
Creators: name: Kim, Jongjin
name: Kim, Jongjin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: assorted feed
subject: asymmetric price transmission
subject: nonlinear ARDL model

description: Assorted feed produced in Korea not only depends on imports for most of raw materials but also the portion of these materials in total production cost is of great importance. This study analyzes asymmetric price transmissions between feed material prices and domestic assorted feed prices using a nonlinear ARDL model which allows long-run asymmetric relationships in addition to a short-run asymmetry. The results are summarized as even though we cannot observe asymmetric price transmissions between the aggregated assorted feed and its raw material prices, there were many types of asymmetry between the prices of assorted feed for specific livestock and its raw material prices. In the view of the types of asymmetric price transmissions, cattle (beef and dairy) and poultry (chicken and duck) feed markets are categorized into different groups and hog feed market is in between these two groups.
The TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List
Creators: name: Charpinet, S.
name: Levine, A.
name: Pepper, J.
name: Kane, S.R.
name: Oelkers, R.J.
name: Lee, N.D.
name: Plavchan, P.
name: Dressing, C.D.
name: Mann, A.
name: Muirhead, P.S.
name: Lépine, S.
name: Latham, D.W.
name: Torres, G.
name: Stassun, K.G.
name: Silvotti, R.
name: Huber, D.
name: Fleming, S.W.
name: Rojas-Ayala, B.
name: Paegert, M.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2018

description: The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) will be conducting a nearly all-sky photometric survey over two years, with a core mission goal to discover small transiting exoplanets orbiting nearby bright stars. It will obtain 30 minute cadence observations of all objects in the TESS fields of view, along with two-minute cadence observations of 200,000-400,000 selected stars. The choice of which stars to observe at the two-minute cadence is driven by the need to detect small transiting planets, which leads to the selection of primarily bright, cool dwarfs. We describe the catalogs assembled and the algorithms used to populate the TESS Input Catalog (TIC), including plans to update the TIC with the incorporation of the Gaia second data release in the near future. We also describe a ranking system for prioritizing stars according to the smallest transiting planet detectable, and assemble a Candidate Target List (CTL) using that ranking. We discuss additional factors that affect the ability to photometrically detect and dynamically confirm small planets, and we note additional stellar populations of interest that may be added to the final target list. The TIC is available on the STScI MAST server, and an enhanced CTL is available through the Filtergraph data visualization portal system at the URL http://filtergraph.com/tess_ctl
Topological pairing of composite fermions via criticality
Creators: name: Nešković, N.
name: Vasić, I.
name: Milovanović, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) at the filling factor with an even denominator, 5/2, occurs despite the expectation, due to the electron statistics, that the denominator must be an odd number. It is believed that the Cooper pairing of underlying quasiparticles, composite fermions (CFs), leads to the explanation of this effect. Such a state should have a Pfaffian form of the BCS wave function (due to the absence of spin) and non-Abelian statistics of possible vortex-like excitations (due to the $p$-wave nature of the pairing). Here we expose the origin of pairing by using the effective dipole representation of the problem and show that pairing is encoded in a Hamiltonian that describes the interaction of the charge density with dipoles i.e. the current of CFs. The necessary condition for the paired state to exist is the effective dipole physics at the Fermi level as a consequence of the non-trivial topology of the ideal band in which electrons live - a Landau level (LL); the paired state is a resolution of the unstable, critical behaviour characterized by the distancing of correlation hole with respect to electron (and thus dipole) at the Fermi level due to the topology. We describe analytically this deconfined critical point, at which deconfinement of Majorana neutral fermions takes place. In the presence of large, short-range repulsive interaction inside a LL, the critical behavior may be stabilized into a regularized Fermi-liquid-like (FLL) state, like the one that characterizes the physics in the lowest LL (LLL), but in general, for an interaction with slowly decaying pseudopotentials, the system is prone to pairing.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, 5 appendices
Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT). VII. A Temperate Candidate Super-Earth in the Hyades Cluster
Creators: name: Berlind, P.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Bieryla, A.
name: Everett, M.E.
name: Rizzuto, A.
name: Horch, E.P.
name: Howell, S.B.
name: Scott, N.J.
name: Vanderburg, A.
name: Latham, D.W.
name: Esquerdo, G.A.
name: Douglas, S.T.
name: Kraus, A.L.
name: Curtis, J.L.
name: Quinn, S.N.
name: Calkins, M.L.
name: Stefanik, R.P.
name: Mayo, A.W.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2018

description: Transiting exoplanets in young open clusters present opportunities to study how exoplanets evolve over their lifetimes. Recently, significant progress detecting transiting planets in young open clusters has been made with the K2 mission, but so far all of these transiting cluster planets orbit close to their host stars, so planet evolution can only be studied in a high-irradiation regime. Here, we report the discovery of a long-period planet candidate, called HD 283869 b, orbiting a member of the Hyades cluster. Using data from the K2 mission, we detected a single transit of a super-Earth-sized (1.96 0.12 R ⊕) planet candidate orbiting the K-dwarf HD 283869 with a period longer than 72 days. As we only detected a single-transit event, we cannot validate HD 283869 b with high confidence, but our analysis of the K2 images, archival data, and follow-up observations suggests that the source of the event is indeed a transiting planet. We estimated the candidate's orbital parameters and find that if real, it has a period P ≈ 100 days and receives approximately Earth-like incident flux, giving the candidate a 71% chance of falling within the circumstellar habitable zone. If confirmed, HD 283869 b would have the longest orbital period, lowest incident flux, and brightest host star of any known transiting planet in an open cluster, making it uniquely important to future studies of how stellar irradiation affects planetary evolution.
W-boson pair production at lepton colliders in the Feynman-diagram gauge
Creators: name: Furusato, Hiroyuki
name: Mawatari, Kentarou
name: Suzuki, Yutaro
name: Zheng, Ya-Juan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate helicity amplitudes for $e^-e^+\to W^-W^+$ analytically in the Feynman-diagram (FD) gauge. We show that, unlike in the unitary gauge, there is no energy growth of the individual Feynman amplitudes for the longitudinally polarized W bosons, and the contributions from the associated Goldstone bosons are manifest even without taking the high-energy limit. We also find that the physical distributions can be interpreted by the individual amplitudes in the FD gauge.
description: 7 pages, 3 Tables, 6 figures; v2: version published in PRD
Life in the Margins: Minor Characters in Katherine Mansfield’s Short Stories
Creators: name: DeVito, Arielle
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: minor character
subject: Character
subject: Women in literature
subject: queer women in literature
subject: Marginality, Social, in literature
subject: Short story
subject: Short stories, English
subject: Queer theory
subject: British colonies
subject: New Zealand
subject: Mansfield, Katherine, 1888-1923
subject: Short stories (Mansfield, Katherine)

description: Many of Mansfield’s stories are lauded for their layered depictions of major characters’ interiority. As central as these are to her work and her exploration of character, this focus only on perspective characters can minimize the importance of minor characters in her more crowded stories like “At the Bay,” “Bliss,” and “The Garden Party.” These characters, despite their places in the margins of their stories, fill a large part of these stories’ character-systems and play off of one another and off of the major characters to create a complex web of meaning that enhances and adds to the many interpretations that the stories offer. They are also a ground for modernist experimentation as much as plot or structure are, and Mansfield uses them to explore and discover new roles for minorness in fiction. The women Mansfield wrote about resembled her in many ways, and she drew on her own experience as a marginalized writer to depict them. This marginalization also contributed to the long-standing perception of her as a minor writer, pushed aside in the narrative of the development of literary modernism just as the (often marginalized) minor characters are in her stories. Yet Mansfield’s minor characters are not solely defined by their minorness, instead presenting avenues for exploration of sexuality, class, colonialism, and gender.
Interactions of DB75, a Novel Antimalarial Agent, with Other Antimalarial Drugs In Vitro
Creators: name: Meshnick, S. R.
name: Purfield, A. E.
name: Tidwell, R. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Pafuramidine is a novel orally active antimalarial. To identify a combination partner, we measured the in vitro antimalarial activities of the active metabolite, DB75, with amodiaquine, artemisinin, atovaquone, azithromycin, chloroquine, clindamycin, mefloquine, piperaquine, pyronaridine, tafenoquine, and tetracycline. None of the drugs tested demonstrated antagonistic or synergistic activity in combination with pafuramidine.
Berücksichtigung von Indigenous Property Rights bei der Digitalisierung der Bildsammlung Blandowski
Creators: name: Dubova, Alona
Publisher: name: Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (MfN) -             Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity
Year: 2023
Subjects: Blandowski, Bildsammlung, Kolonialer Kontext, sensible Daten, Digitalisierung, Sammlungserschließung, Australien, Zeichnungen

description: Als Teil des Zukunftsplans digitalisiert das Museum für Naturkunde Berlin seine gesamte Sammlung (siehe https://www.museumfuernaturkunde.berlin/de/wissenschaft/sammlungserschliessung-und-entwicklung). In Bezug auf Sammmlungsgut aus kolonialen Kontexten wird damit auch der öffentlichen und politischen Forderung nach Transparenz Rechnung getragen. Während es allein schon angesichts der schieren Masse von geschätzten 30 Millionen Objekten schwierig ist, Bestände aus kolonialen Kontexten zu identifizieren und zu markieren, stellt die Digitalisierung von sensiblen Sammlungen eine weitere Stufe der Komplexität dar, die wir in kollaborativen Projekten zu bearbeiten versuchen. Auf dem 5. Workshop Retrodigitalisierung wurde dies an einem ausgewählten Beispiel dargestellt.
Excitation function of elastic $pp$ scattering from a unitarily extended Bialas-Bzdak model
Creators: name: Nemes, F.
name: Csörgő, T.
name: Csanád, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Bialas-Bzdak model of elastic proton-proton scattering assumes a purely imaginary forward scattering amplitude, which consequently vanishes at the diffractive minima. We extended the model to arbitrarily large real parts in a way that constraints from unitarity are satisfied. The resulting model is able to describe elastic $pp$ scattering not only at the lower ISR energies but also at $\sqrt{s}=$7 TeV in a statistically acceptable manner, both in the diffractive cone and in the region of the first diffractive minimum. The total cross-section as well as the differential cross-section of elastic proton-proton scattering is predicted for the future LHC energies of $\sqrt{s}=$8, 13, 14, 15 TeV and also to 28 TeV. A non-trivial, significantly non-exponential feature of the differential cross-section of elastic proton-proton scattering is analyzed and the excitation function of the non-exponential behavior is predicted. The excitation function of the shadow profiles is discussed and related to saturation at small impact parameters.
description: Talk by T. Csorgo presented at the WPCF 2014 conference, Gyongyos, Hungary, August 25-29 2014
Dry Powder Nitroimidazopyran Antibiotic PA-824 Aerosol for Inhalation
Creators: name: VerBerkmoes, J. L.
name: Sung, J. C.
name: Hickey, A. J.
name: Edwards, D. A.
name: Peloquin, C. A.
name: Elbert, K. J.
name: Garcia-Contreras, L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: We formulated PA-824, a nitroimidazopyran with promise for the treatment of tuberculosis, for efficient aerosol delivery to the lungs in a dry powder porous particle form. The objectives of this study were to prepare and characterize a particulate form of PA-824, assess the stability of this aerosol formulation under different environmental conditions, and determine the pharmacokinetic parameters for the powder after pulmonary administration. The drug was spray dried into porous particles containing a high drug load and possessing desirable aerosol properties for efficient deposition in the lungs. The physical, aerodynamic, and chemical properties of the dry powder were stable at room temperature for 6 months and under refrigerated conditions for at least 1 year. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined in guinea pigs after the pulmonary administration of the PA-824 powder formulation at three doses (20, 40, and 60 mg/kg of body weight) and compared to those after the intravenous (20 mg/kg) and oral (40 mg/kg) delivery of the drug. Oral and inhaled delivery of PA-824 achieved equivalent systemic delivery at the same body dose within the first 12 h of dosing. However, animals dosed by the pulmonary route showed drug loads that remained locally in the lungs for 32 h postexposure, whereas those given the drug orally cleared the drug more rapidly. Therefore, we expect from these pharmacokinetic data that pulmonary delivery may achieve the same efficacy as oral delivery at the same body dose, with a potential improvement in efficacy related to pulmonary infection. This may translate into the ability to deliver lower body doses of this drug for the treatment of tuberculosis by aerosol.
The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. III. 2MASS J0249-0557 c: A Wide Planetary-mass Companion to a Low-mass Binary in the β Pic Moving Group
Creators: name: Mann, A.W.
name: Shkolnik, E.L.
name: Dupuy, T.J.
name: Allers, K.N.
name: Kratter, K.M.
name: Kraus, A.L.
name: Liu, M.C.
name: Best, W.M.J.
name: Biller, B.A.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2018

description: We have discovered a wide planetary-mass companion to the β Pic moving group member 2MASS J02495639-0557352 (M6 vl-g) using Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope/WIRCam astrometry from the Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. In addition, Keck laser guide star adaptive optics aperture-masking interferometry shows that the host is itself a tight binary. Altogether, 2MASS J0249-0557ABc is a bound triple system with an 11.6+1.3 -1.0 Mjupobject separated by 1950 ±200 au (40″) from a relatively close (2.17 ±0.22 au, 0.″04) pair of 48+13 -12 Mjupand 44+14 -11 Mjupobjects. 2MASS J0249-0557AB is one of the few ultracool binaries to be discovered in a young moving group and the first confirmed in the β Pic moving group (22 ±6 Myr). The mass, absolute magnitudes, and spectral type of 2MASS J0249-0557 c (L2 vl-g) are remarkably similar to those of the planet β Pic b (L2, 13.0+0.4 -0.3 Mjup). We also find that the free-floating object 2MASS J2208+2921 (L3 vl-g) is another possible β Pic moving group member with colors and absolute magnitudes similar to β Pic b and 2MASS J0249-0557 c. β Pic b is the first directly imaged planet to have a "twin," namely an object of comparable properties in the same stellar association. Such directly imaged objects provide a unique opportunity to measure atmospheric composition, variability, and rotation across different pathways of assembling planetary-mass objects from the same natal material.
Efficacy of the Novel Diamidine Compound 2,5-Bis(4-Amidinophenyl)- Furan-Bis-O-Methlylamidoxime (Pafuramidine, DB289) against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Infection in Vervet Monkeys after Oral Administration
Creators: name: Mdachi, R. E.
name: Hall, J. E.
name: Thuita, J. K.
name: Ndung'u, J. M.
name: Brun, R.
name: Ngotho, J. M.
name: Murilla, G. A.
name: Kagira, J. M.
name: Tidwell, R. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Owing to the lack of oral drugs for human African trypanosomiasis, patients have to be hospitalized for 10 to 30 days to facilitate treatment with parenterally administered medicines. The efficacy of a novel orally administered prodrug, 2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)-furan-bis-O-methlylamidoxime (pafuramidine, DB289), was tested in the vervet monkey (Chlorocebus [Cercopithecus] aethiops) model of sleeping sickness. Five groups of three animals each were infected intravenously with 104Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense KETRI 2537 cells. On the seventh day postinfection (p.i.) in an early-stage infection, animals in groups 1, 2, and 3 were treated orally with pafuramidine at dose rates of 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg of body weight, respectively, for five consecutive days. The animals in groups 4 and 5 were treated with 10 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days starting on the 14th day p.i. (group 4) or on the 28th day p.i. (group 5), when these animals were in the late stage of the disease. In the groups treated in the early stage, 10 mg/kg of pafuramidine completely cured all three monkeys, whereas lower doses of 3 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg cured only one of three and zero of three monkeys, respectively. Treatment of late-stage infections resulted in cure rates of one of three (group 4) and zero of three (group 5) monkeys. These studies demonstrated that pafuramidine was orally active in monkeys with early-stage T. brucei rhodesiense infections at dose rates above 3 mg/kg for 5 days. It was also evident that the drug attained only minimal efficacy against late-stage infections, indicating the limited ability of the molecule to cross the blood-brain barrier. This study has shown that oral diamidines have potential for the treatment of early-stage sleeping sickness.
Three New Galactic Globular Cluster Candidates: FSR1700, Teutsch67, and CWNU4193
Creators: name: S, Saroon
name: Dias, Bruno
name: Minniti, Dante
name: Parisi, M. C.
name: Gómez, Matías
name: Alonso-García, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The VISTA Variables in the Via Láctea Extended Survey (VVVX) enables exploration of previously uncharted territories within the inner Milky Way (MW), particularly those obscured by stellar crowding and intense extinction. Our objective is to identify and investigate new star clusters to elucidate their intrinsic characteristics. Specifically, we are focused on uncovering new candidate Globular Clusters (GCs) situated at low Galactic latitudes, with the ultimate goal of completing the census of the MW GC system. Leveraging a combination of Near-InfraRed (NIR) data from the VVVX survey and Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), along with optical photometry and precise proper motions (PMs) from the Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3), we are conducting a systematic characterisation of new GCs. As a result, we report the discovery and characterisation of four new Galactic clusters named FSR 1700, FSR 1415, CWNU 4193, and Teutsch 67, all located within the MW disk. We estimate a wide range of reddening, with values ranging from 0.44 to 0.73 mag for E(J-Ks). The heliocentric distances span from 10.3 to 13.2 kpc. Additionally, we determine their metallicities and ages, finding a range of -0.85 to -0.75 dex for [Fe/H] and ages approximately close to 11 Gyr, respectively. FSR 1415 is an exception, it is an old open cluster with age = 3 Gyr and [Fe/H] = -0.10. Furthermore, we fitted the radial density profiles to derive their structural parameters like tidal radius, core radius, and concentration parameters. In conclusion, based on their positions, kinematics, metallicities, and ages, and comparing our findings with existing literature, we categorise FSR 1700, Teutsch 67 and CWNU 4193 as genuine GC candidates, while FSR 1415 is an old open cluster exhibiting characteristics of a post core-collapse cluster.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics journal
Magnetic Inflation and Stellar Mass. II. on the Radii of Single, Rapidly Rotating, Fully Convective M-Dwarf Stars
Creators: name: Muirhead, P.S.
name: Kesseli, A.Y.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Mace, G.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2018

description: Main-sequence, fully convective M dwarfs in eclipsing binaries are observed to be larger than stellar evolutionary models predict by as much as 10%-15%. A proposed explanation for this discrepancy involves effects from strong magnetic fields, induced by rapid rotation via the dynamo process. Although, a handful of single, slowly rotating M dwarfs with radius measurements from interferometry also appear to be larger than models predict, suggesting that rotation or binarity specifically may not be the sole cause of the discrepancy. We test whether single, rapidly rotating, fully convective stars are also larger than expected by measuring their R sin i distribution. We combine photometric rotation periods from the literature with rotational broadening (v sin i) measurements reported in this work for a sample of 88 rapidly rotating M dwarf stars. Using a Bayesian framework, we find that stellar evolutionary models underestimate the radii by10%-15%-2.5+3, but that at higher masses (0.18 < M < 0.4MSun), the discrepancy is only about 6% and comparable to results from interferometry and eclipsing binaries. At the lowest masses (0.08 <M< 0.18MSun), we find that the discrepancy between observations and theory is 13%-18%, and we argue that the discrepancy is unlikely to be due to effects from age. Furthermore, we find no statistically significant radius discrepancy between our sample and the handful of M dwarfs with interferometric radii. We conclude that neither rotation nor binarity are responsible for the inflated radii of fully convective M dwarfs, and that all fully convective M dwarfs are larger than models predict.
Dental Patients’ Awareness on Effects of Smoking and Patients’ Perception on the Role of Dentists in Smoking Cessation Activities
Creators: name: Norashikin Yusof
name: Kamil, Nik Nur Adleena Nik Mohd
name: Kazmin, Najwa Mohammad
name: Budi Aslinie Md Sabri
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110599 Dentistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111705 Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111706 Epidemiology

description: Background: This study aims to assess the awareness of patients towards effects of smoking on their
general and oral health and their perception towards the role of dentists in smoking cessation activities.
Methodology: Study population consists of 114 patients chosen through convenient sampling for a period
of six months. Self-administered questionnaires on knowledge of impact of smoking on health and role of
dentists in smoking cessation, were distributed and collected within the same visit. Descriptive statistics and
Chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that education level did not have
significant effect on smoking status (p > 0.05). More than 90% of the respondents were aware of the effect
of smoking on their general health. Both smokers and non-smokers showed positive attitude towards
dentists’ role in smoking cessation activities.
Genetics of Chromosomally Mediated Intermediate Resistance to Ceftriaxone and Cefixime in Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Creators: name: Nicholas, R. A.
name: Davies, C.
name: Tomberg, J.
name: Duncan, M.
name: Zhao, S.
name: Unemo, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: All strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone and cefixime (cephalosporin-intermediate-resistant [Cephi] strains) contain a mosaic penA allele encoding penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP 2) with nearly 60 amino acid differences compared to the sequence of wild-type PBP 2, together with a set of resistance determinants (i.e., mtrR, penB, and/or ponA1) that are required for high-level penicillin resistance. To define the individual contributions of these determinants to reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone and cefixime, we created isogenic strains containing the mosaic penA allele from the Cephi strain 35/02 (penA35) together with one or more of the other resistance determinants and determined the MICs of penicillin G, ceftriaxone, and cefixime. The majority of cefixime resistance is conferred by the penA35 allele, with only a small contribution coming from mtrR and penB, whereas ceftriaxone resistance is nearly equally dependent upon mtrR and penB. Unlike high-level penicillin resistance, the ponA1 allele does not appear to be important for Cephi. A strain containing all four determinants has increased resistance to ceftriaxone and cefixime but not to the levels that the donor Cephi strain does, suggesting that Cephi strains, similar to high-level-penicillin-resistant strains, contain an additional unknown determinant that is required to reach donor levels of resistance. Our data also suggest that the original Cephi strains arose from the transformation of penA genes from commensal Neisseria species into a penicillin-resistant strain already harboring mtrR, penB, ponA1, and the unknown gene(s) involved in high-level penicillin resistance.
Genital Tract, Cord Blood, and Amniotic Fluid Exposures of Seven Antiretroviral Drugs during and after Pregnancy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Women
Creators: name: Tappouni, H. L.
name: Fiscus, S. A.
name: Horton, A. L.
name: Yeh, R. F.
name: Patterson, K. B.
name: Kashuba, A. D. M.
name: Chen, Y.-C.
name: Dumond, J. B.
name: Vourvahis, M.
name: Tien, H.-C.
name: Rezk, N. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The objective of the study was to measure antiretroviral exposures in four physiological compartments during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum. This prospective, open-label, longitudinal study collected paired blood plasma (BP) and genital tract (GT) aspirates antepartum, at delivery, and up to 12 weeks postpartum. Antiretroviral cord BP and amniotic fluid concentrations were also measured. Drug concentrations were analyzed by validated high-performance liquid chromatography/UV and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry methods, with secondary compartment concentrations presented as the percentage of BP. Fourteen women taking lamivudine plus zidovudine and either lopinavir-ritonavir (n = 7), nelfinavir (n = 6), or nevirapine (n = 1) were enrolled; four also received tenofovir. GT penetration relative to BP was highest for the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors compared to the protease inhibitors and nevirapine. Only antepartum nelfinavir GT penetration was significantly higher than in the second trimester (geometric mean ratio [GMR], 179.3) or third trimester (GMR, 41.9). Compared to nonpregnant historical controls, antepartum GT penetration was significantly lower (P < 0.05) for zidovudine (GMR, 0.25) and lopinavir (GMR, 0.03); postpartum lopinavir GT penetration continued to be significantly lower (GMR, 0.27). Cord BP exposures were highest for lamivudine and tenofovir (≥100%), with cord BP levels of the remaining drugs ranging from 49 to 86% of that of the respective BP level. Amniotic exposures for lamivudine, zidovudine, tenofovir, and nelfinavir were ≥100%, nevirapine exposure was 53%, and lopinavir and ritonavir exposures were ≤6% that of BP. We conclude that GT, cord BP, and amniotic fluid exposures vary within and between antiretroviral drug classes and biologic sites. Measurement of antiretroviral exposure in maternal genital secretions, cord BP, and amniotic fluid may be needed to identify signals of subtherapeutic or supratherapeutic drug exposure.
Metric factorizability and equivalence of brane world models with Brans-Dicke theory
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Sumanta
name: SenGupta, Soumitra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the standard brane world models, the bulk metric ansatz is usually assumed to be factorizable in brane and bulk coordinates. However, it is not self-evident that it is always possible to factorize the bulk metric. Using the gradient expansion scheme, which involves the expansion of bulk quantities in terms of the brane-to-bulk curvature ratio, as a perturbative parameter, we explicitly show that metric factorizability is a valid assumption upto second order in the perturbative expansion. We also argue from our result that the same should be true for all orders in the perturbation scheme. We further establish that the nonlocal terms present in the bulk gravitational field equation can be replaced by the radion field; the effective action on the brane thereby obtained resembles the Brans-Dicke theory of gravity.
description: Thoroughly revised; matches published version