cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Semi-flexible hydrogen-bonded and non-hydrogen bonded lattice polymers
Creators: name: Krawczyk, J
name: Owczarek, AL
name: Prellberg, T
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the addition of stiffness to the lattice model of hydrogen-bonded polymers in two and three dimensions. We find that, in contrast to polymers that interact via a homogeneous short-range interaction, the collapse transition is unchanged by any amount of stiffness: this supports the physical argument that hydrogen bonding already introduces an effective stiffness. Contrary to possible physical arguments, favouring bends in the polymer does not return the model's behaviour to that comparable to the semi-flexible homogeneous interaction model, where the canonical $θ$-point occurs for a range of parameter values. In fact, for sufficiently large bending energies the crystal phase disappears altogether, and no phase transition of any type occurs. We also compare the order-disorder transition from the globule phase to crystalline phase in the semi-flexible homogeneous interaction model to that for the fully-flexible hybrid model with both hydrogen and non-hydrogen like interactions. We show that these phase transitions are of the same type and are a novel polymer critical phenomena in two dimensions. That is, it is confirmed that in two dimensions this transition is second-order, unlike in three dimensions where it is known to be first order. We also estimate the crossover exponent and show that there is a divergent specific heat, finding $ϕ=0.7(1)$ or equivalently $α=0.6(2)$. This is therefore different from the $θ$ transition, for which $α=-1/3$.
Spectroscopic Signatures of Interlayer Coupling in Janus MoSSe/MoS2 Heterostructures
Creators: name: Zhang, Kunyan
name: Guo, Yunfan
name: Larson, Daniel T.
name: Zhu, Ziyan
name: Fang, Shiang
name: Kaxiras, Efthimios
name: Kong, Jing
name: Huang, Shengxi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interlayer coupling in van der Waals heterostructures governs a variety of optical and electronic properties. The intrinsic dipole moment of Janus transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) offers a simple and versatile approach to tune the interlayer interactions. In this work, we demonstrate how the van der Waals interlayer coupling and charge transfer of Janus MoSSe/MoS2 heterobilayers can be tuned by the twist angle and interface composition. Specifically, the Janus heterostructures with a sulfur/sulfur (S/S) interface display stronger interlayer coupling than the heterostructures with a selenium/sulfur (Se/S) interface as shown by the low-frequency Raman modes. The differences in interlayer interactions are explained by the interlayer distance computed by density-functional theory (DFT). More intriguingly, the built-in electric field contributed by the charge density redistribution and interlayer coupling also play important roles in the interfacial charge transfer. Namely, the S/S and Se/S interfaces exhibit different levels of PL quenching of MoS2 A exciton, suggesting the enhanced and reduced charge transfer at the S/S and Se/S interface, respectively. Our work demonstrates how the asymmetry of Janus TMDs can be used to tailor the interfacial interactions in van der Waals heterostructures.
The neutrino self-energy in a magnetized medium
Creators: name: Garcia, Alberto Bravo
name: Bhattacharya, Kaushik
name: Sahu, Sarira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we calculate the neutrino self-energy in presence of a magnetized medium. The magnetized medium consists of electrons, positrons, neutrinos and a uniform classical magnetic field. The calculation is done assuming the background magnetic field is weak compared to the $W$-Boson mass squared, as a consequence of which only linear order corrections in the field are included in the $W$ boson propagator. The electron propagator consists all order corrections in the background field. Although the neutrino self-energy in a magnetized medium in various limiting cases has been calculated previously in this article we produce the most general expression of the self-energy in absence of the Landau quantization of the charged gauge fields. We calculate the effect of the Landau quantization of the charged leptons on the neutrino self-energy in the general case. Our calculation is specifically suited for situations where the background plasma may be CP symmetric.
description: 13 Pages, Latex file. Minor corrections included. To be published in Modern Physics Letters A
Logarithmic link smearing for full QCD
Creators: name: Durr, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Lie-algebra based recipe for smoothing gauge links in lattice field theory is presented, building on the matrix logarithm. With or without hypercubic nesting, this LOG/HYL smearing yields fat links which are differentiable w.r.t. the original ones. This is essential for defining UV-filtered ("fat link") fermion actions which may be simulated with a HMC-type algorithm. The effect of this smearing on the distribution of plaquettes and on the residual mass of tree-level O(a)-improved clover fermions in quenched QCD is studied.
description: 29 pages, 7 figures; v2: improved text, includes comparison of APE/EXP/LOG with optimized parameters, 3 references added
Correlation between the energy shell structure and geometry in metallic nanoclusters: quasi-resonance states, isotope effect
Creators: name: Kresin, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metallic nanoclusters displaying electronic shell structure exhibit the special feature of a correlation between their geometry and the number of delocalized electrons . Their shape evolution can be described as a quantum oscillation between quasi-resonant states (prolate and oblate configurations) whose amplitudes depend upon the degree of shell filling. The picture explains the evolution of absorption spectra and predicts a peculiar isotope effect .
Genes on the Move: In Vitro Transduction of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes between Human and Canine Staphylococcal Pathogens
Creators: name: Frosini, Sian Marie
name: Bond, Ross
name: McCarthy, Alex J.
name: Feudi, Claudia
name: Schwarz, Stefan
name: Lindsay, Jodi A.
name: Loeffler, Anette
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: staphylococci
subject: zoonosis
subject: MRSA
subject: bacteriophage
subject: MRSP
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten

description: Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) between people and pets, and their co-carriage, are well-described. Potential exchange of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes amongst these staphylococci was investigated in vitro through endogenous bacteriophage-mediated transduction. Bacteriophages were UV-induced from seven donor isolates of canine (MRSP) and human (MRSA) origin, containing tet(M), tet(K), fusB or fusC, and lysates filtered. Twenty-seven tetracycline- and fusidic acid- (FA-) susceptible recipients were used in 122 donor-recipient combinations (22 tetracycline, 100 FA) across 415 assays (115 tetracycline, 300 FA). Bacteriophage lysates were incubated with recipients and presumed transductants quantified on antimicrobial-supplemented agar plates. Tetracycline resistance transduction from MRSP and MRSA to methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) was confirmed by PCR in 15/115 assays. No FA-resistance transfer occurred, confirmed by negative fusB/fusC PCR, but colonies resulting from FA assays had high MICs (≥32 mg/L) and showed mutations in fusA, two at a novel position (F88L), nine at H457[Y/N/L]. Horizontal gene transfer of tetracycline-resistance confirms that resistance genes can be shared between coagulase-positive staphylococci from different hosts. Cross-species AMR transmission highlights the importance of good antimicrobial stewardship across humans and veterinary species to support One Health.
Structural Determinants and Their Role in Cyanobacterial Morphogenesis
Creators: name: Springstein, Benjamin L.
name: Nürnberg, Dennis J.
name: Weiss, Gregor L.
name: Pilhofer, Martin
name: Stucken, Karina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cyanobacteria
subject: morphology
subject: cell division
subject: cell shape
subject: cytoskeleton
subject: FtsZ
subject: MreB
subject: IF proteins
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Cells have to erect and sustain an organized and dynamically adaptable structure for an efficient mode of operation that allows drastic morphological changes during cell growth and cell division. These manifold tasks are complied by the so-called cytoskeleton and its associated proteins. In bacteria, FtsZ and MreB, the bacterial homologs to tubulin and actin, respectively, as well as coiled-coil-rich proteins of intermediate filament (IF)-like function to fulfil these tasks. Despite generally being characterized as Gram-negative, cyanobacteria have a remarkably thick peptidoglycan layer and possess Gram-positive-specific cell division proteins such as SepF and DivIVA-like proteins, besides Gram-negative and cyanobacterial-specific cell division proteins like MinE, SepI, ZipN (Ftn2) and ZipS (Ftn6). The diversity of cellular morphologies and cell growth strategies in cyanobacteria could therefore be the result of additional unidentified structural determinants such as cytoskeletal proteins. In this article, we review the current advances in the understanding of the cyanobacterial cell shape, cell division and cell growth.
title: Nemo militans Deo implicat se saecularia negotia
title: Carolingian interpretations of II Timothy II.4
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Heydemann, Gerda
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Carolingian interpretations
subject: II Timothy II.4
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::900 Geschichte::900 Geschichte und Geografie

description: In II Timothy II.4, the apostle Paul forbids the servant of God to involve himself in saecularia negotia. While traditionally understood as a reference to commercial activities, for Carolingian thinkers the verse became a way to reflect on the political engagement of prelates and the relationship between religious and secular duties carried out by ecclesiastical office‐holders. This article traces the changing significance of II Timothy II.4 in the first half of the ninth century, as councils and exegetes grappled with the question of whether there was a ‘neutral’ secular beyond the saecularia negotia prohibited by Paul?
title: Trifluoromethylation of [AuF3(SIMes)]
title: Preparation and Characterization of [Au(CF3)xF3−x(SIMes)] (x=1–3) Complexes
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Winter, Marlon
name: Limberg, Niklas
name: Ellwanger, Mathias A.
name: Pérez‐Bitrián, Alberto
name: Sonnenberg, Karsten
name: Steinhauer, Simon
name: Riedel, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: AuF 3 (SIMes)
subject: Trifluoromethylation
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::546 Anorganische Chemie

description: Trifluoromethylation of [AuF3(SIMes)] with the Ruppert–Prakash reagent TMSCF3 in the presence of CsF yields the product series [Au(CF3)xF3−x(SIMes)] (x=1–3). The degree of trifluoromethylation is solvent dependent and the ratio of the species can be controlled by varying the stoichiometry of the reaction, as evidenced from the 19F NMR spectra of the corresponding reaction mixtures. The molecular structures in the solid state of trans‐[Au(CF3)F2(SIMes)] and [Au(CF3)3(SIMes)] are presented, together with a selective route for the synthesis of the latter complex. Correlation of the calculated SIMes affinity with the carbene carbon chemical shift in the 13C NMR spectrum reveals that trans‐[Au(CF3)F2(SIMes)] and [Au(CF3)3(SIMes)] nicely follow the trend in Lewis acidities of related organo gold(III) complexes. Furthermore, a new correlation between the Au−Ccarbene bond length of the molecular structure in the solid state and the chemical shift of the carbene carbon in the 13C NMR spectrum is presented.
h/e-Periodicity in Superconducting Loops
Creators: name: Loder, F.
name: Kampf, A. P.
name: Kopp, T.
name: Mannhart, J.
name: Schneider, C. W.
name: Barash, Yu. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic flux periodicity of superconducting loops as well as flux quantization itself are a manifestation of macroscopic quantum phenomena with far reaching implications. They provide the key to the understanding of many fundamental properties of superconductors and are the basis for most bulk and device applications of these materials. In superconducting rings the electrical current has been known to periodically respond to a magnetic flux with a periodicity of $\bm{h/2e}$. Here, the ratio of Planck's constant and the elementary charge defines the magnetic flux quantum $\bm{h/e}$. The well-known $\bm{h/2e}$ periodicity is viewed to be a hallmark for electronic pairing in superconductors and is considered evidence for the existence of Cooper pairs. Here we show that in contrast to this long-term belief, rings of many superconductor bear an $\bm{h/e}$ periodicity. These superconductors include the high-$\bm{T_c}$ cuprates, Sr$_2$RuO$_4$, the heavy-fermion superconductors, as well as all other unconventional superconductors with nodes in the energy gap functions, and s-wave superconductors with small gaps or states in the gap. As we show, the 50-year-old Bardeen--Cooper--Schrieffer theory of superconductivity implies that for multiply connected paths of such superconductors the ground-state energies and consequently also the supercurrents are generically $\bm{h/e}$ periodic. The origin of this periodicity is a magnetic-field driven reconstruction of the condensate and a concomitant Doppler-shifted energy spectrum. The robust, flux induced reconstruction of the condensate will be an important aspect to understand the magnetic properties of mesoscopic unconventional superconductors.
description: To appear in Nature Physics (2008). The new version has the same main text and figures but also includes the supplementary material with a short Appendix A on the "Numerical Method" and a longer Appendix B on an analytical "Multichannel Model for Large D-Wave Rings"
Pseudospectrum of Reissner-Nordström black holes: quasinormal mode instability and universality
Creators: name: Destounis, Kyriakos
name: Macedo, Rodrigo Panosso
name: Berti, Emanuele
name: Cardoso, Vitor
name: Jaramillo, José Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black hole spectroscopy is a powerful tool to probe the Kerr nature of astrophysical compact objects and their environment. The observation of multiple ringdown modes in gravitational waveforms could soon lead to high-precision gravitational spectroscopy, so it is critical to understand if the quasinormal mode spectrum is stable against perturbations. It was recently shown that the pseudospectrum can shed light on the spectral stability of black hole quasinormal modes. We study the pseudospectrum of Reissner-Nordström spacetimes and we find a spectral instability of scalar and gravitoelectric quasinormal modes in subextremal and extremal black holes, extending similar findings for the Schwarzschild spacetime. The asymptotic structure of pseudospectral contour levels is the same for scalar and gravitoelectric perturbations. By making different gauge choices in the hyperboloidal slicing of the spacetime, we find that the broad features of the pseudospectra are remarkably gauge-independent. The gravitational-led and electromagnetic-led quasinormal modes of extremal Reissner-Nordström black holes exhibit "strong" isospectrality: not only their spectrum coincides, but the whole pseudospectrum is the same for both classes of perturbations. We observe that a conformal duality between the extremal horizon and spacetime boundaries at infinity is responsible for such "strong" isospectrality property.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, matches published version
Carbonaceous Materials Investigated by Small-Angle X-ray and Neutron Scattering
Creators: name: Härk, Eneli
name: Ballauff, Matthias
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: carbide derived carbon
subject: small-angle scattering
subject: model-free analysis
subject: chord length distribution
subject: microstructure of carbonaceous materials
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Carbonaceous nanomaterials have become important materials with widespread applications in battery systems and supercapacitors. The application of these materials requires precise knowledge of their nanostructure. In particular, the porosity of the materials together with the shape of the pores and the total internal surface must be known accurately. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) present the methods of choice for this purpose. Here we review our recent investigations using SAXS and SANS. We first describe the theoretical basis of the analysis of carbonaceous material by small-angle scattering. The evaluation of the small-angle data relies on the powerful concept of the chord length distribution (CLD) which we explain in detail. As an example of such an evaluation, we use recent analysis by SAXS of carbide-derived carbons. Moreover, we present our SAXS analysis on commercially produced activated carbons (ACN, RP-20) and provide a comparison with small-angle neutron scattering data. This comparison demonstrates the wealth of additional information that would not be obtained by the application of either method alone. SANS allows us to change the contrast, and we summarize the main results using different contrast matching agents. The pores of the carbon nanomaterials can be filled gradually by deuterated p-xylene, which leads to a precise analysis of the pore size distribution. The X-ray scattering length density of carbon can be matched by the scattering length density of sulfur, which allows us to see the gradual filling of the nanopores by sulfur in a melt-impregnation procedure. This process is important for the application of carbonaceous materials as cathodes in lithium/sulfur batteries. All studies summarized in this review underscore the great power and precision with which carbon nanomaterials can be analyzed by SAXS and SANS.
Critical Phenomena and Strategy Ordering with Hub Centrality Approach in the Aspiration-based Coordination Game
Creators: name: Jeong, Wonhee
name: Yu, Unjong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the coordination game with an aspiration-driven update rule in regular graphs and scale-free networks. We prove that the model coincides exactly with the Ising model and shows a phase transition at the critical selection noise when the aspiration level is zero. It is found that the critical selection noise decreases with clustering in random regular graphs. With a non-zero aspiration level, the model also exhibits a phase transition as long as the aspiration level is smaller than the degree of graphs. We also show that the critical exponents are independent of clustering and aspiration level to confirm that the coordination game belongs to the Ising universality class. As for scale-free networks, the effect of aspiration level on the order parameter at a low selection noise is examined. In model networks (Barabási-Albert network and Holme-Kim network), the order parameter abruptly decreases when the aspiration level is the same as the average degree of the network. In real-world networks, in contrast, the order parameter decreases gradually. We explain this difference by proposing the concepts of hub centrality and local hub. The histogram of hub centrality of real-world networks separates into two parts unlike model networks, and local hubs exist only in real-world networks. We conclude that the difference of network structures in model and real-world networks induces qualitatively different behavior in the coordination game.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Molecular dynamics simulations of the dipolar-induced formation of magnetic nanochains and nanorings
Creators: name: Hucht, A.
name: Buschmann, S.
name: Entel, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Iron, cobalt and nickel nanoparticles, grown in the gas phase, are known to arrange in chains and bracelet-like rings due to the long-range dipolar interaction between the ferromagnetic (or super-paramagnetic) particles. We investigate the dynamics and thermodynamics of such magnetic dipolar nanoparticles for low densities using molecular dynamics simulations and analyze the influence of temperature and external magnetic fields on two- and three-dimensional systems. The obtained phase diagrams can be understood by using simple energetic arguments.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
A semi-empirical model for two-level system noise in superconducting microresonators
Creators: name: Gao, Jiansong
name: Daal, Miguel
name: Martinis, John M.
name: Mazin, Benjamin A.
name: Day, Peter K.
name: Leduc, Henry G.
name: Vayonakis, Anastasios
name: Sadoulet, Bernard
name: Zmuidzinas, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of the low--temperature excess frequency noise of four niobium superconducting coplanar waveguide microresonators, with center strip widths $s_r$ ranging from 3 $μ$m to 20 $μ$m. For a fixed internal power, we find that the frequency noise decreases rapidly with increasing center strip width, scaling as $1/s_r^{1.6}$. We show that this geometrical scaling is readily explained by a simple semi-empirical model which assumes a surface distribution of independent two-level system fluctuators. These results allow the resonator geometry to be optimized for minimum noise.
description: 3 figs
Switchable Rashba Anisotropy in Two-dimensional Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskite by Hybrid Improper Ferroelectricity
Creators: name: Wang, Fei
name: Gao, Heng
name: de Graaf, Coen
name: Poblet, Josep M.
name: Campbell, Branton J.
name: Stroppa, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are introducing new directions in the 2D materials landscape. The coexistence of ferroelectricity and spin-orbit interactions play a key role in their optoelectronic properties. We perform a detailed study on a recently synthesized ferroelectric 2D-HOIP, (AMP)PbI$_4$ (AMP = 4-aminomethyl-piperidinium). The calculated polarization and Rashba parameter are in excellent agreement with experimental values. We report a striking new effect, i.e., an extraordinarily large Rashba anisotropy that is tunable by ferroelectric polarization: as polarization is reversed, not only the spin texture chirality is inverted, but also the major and minor axes of the Rashba anisotropy ellipse in k-space are interchanged - a pseudo rotation. A $k \cdot p$ model Hamiltonian and symmetry-mode analysis reveal a quadrilinear coupling between the cation-rotation modes responsible for the Rashba ellipse pseudo-rotation, the framework rotation, and the polarization. These findings may provide new avenues for spin-optoelectronic devices such as spin valves or spin FETs.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
Barrow Entropy Cosmology: an observational approach with a hint of stability analysis
Creators: name: Leon, Genly
name: Magaña, Juan
name: Hernández-Almada, A.
name: García-Aspeitia, Miguel A.
name: Verdugo, Tomás
name: Motta, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we use an observational approach and dynamical system analysis to study the cosmological model recently proposed by Saridakis (2020), which is based on the modification of the entropy-area black hole relation proposed by Barrow (2020). The Friedmann equations governing the dynamics of the Universe under this entropy modification can be calculated through the gravity-thermodynamics conjecture. We investigate two models, one considering only a matter component and the other including matter and radiation, which have new terms compared to the standard model sourcing the late cosmic acceleration. A Bayesian analysis is performed in which we use five cosmological observations (observational Hubble data, type Ia supernovae, HII galaxies, strong lensing systems, and baryon acoustic oscillations) to constrain the free parameters of both models. From a joint analysis, we obtain constraints that are consistent with the standard cosmological paradigm within $2σ$ confidence level. In addition, a complementary dynamical system analysis using local and global variables is developed which allows obtaining a qualitative description of the cosmology. As expected, we found that the dynamical equations have a de Sitter solution at late times.
description: 32 pages, 8 compound figures, 3 tables
The driving force behind genomic diversity
Creators: name: Jaakkola, Salla
name: El-Showk, Sedeer
name: Annila, Arto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Eukaryote genomes contain excessively introns, inter-genic and other non-genic sequences that appear to have no vital functional role or phenotype manifestation. Their existence, a long-standing puzzle, is viewed from the principle of increasing entropy. According to thermodynamics of open systems, genomes evolve toward diversity by various mechanisms that increase, decrease and distribute genomic material in response to thermodynamic driving forces. Evolution results in an excessive genome, a high-entropy ecosystem of its own, where copious non-coding segments associate with low-level functions and conserved sequences code coordinated activities. The rate of entropy increase, equivalent to the rate of free energy decrease, is identified with the universal fitness criterion of natural selection that governs populations of genomic entities as well as other species.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
The facilitation and hindrance of scholarly activity as reported by The University of British Columbia education faculty members
Creators: name: Cochran, Michele Sharon Kells
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This study was concerned with developing and exploring a reasonably, comprehensive scheme of categories which describes, from the perspective of The University of British Columbia education faculty members, what facilitates and hinders their scholarly activity. The Critical Incident Technique was used to elicit 547 incidents from forty-one faculty members. These incidents were categorized in three separate ways: according to who facilitated and hindered (the reported responsible agent or agency), to what facilitated and hindered (the reported action of the agent or agency), and to the phase of scholarly activity that was reported facilitated or hindered. Six agent or agency, twenty-three action, and six phase categories were identified. An examination of the action categories themselves revealed that they could be grouped under the superordinate categories: direct, enable, and motivate. An examination of the frequency of reported incidents in categories permitted the identification of relationships among agent or agency, phase, and action categories. Several types of evidence provided support for the reliability and validity of the category schemes. From an examination of the findings as a whole, six conclusions were drawn. First, not all action categoriesare relevant for every person, project or phase. Second, not all agent or agency categories are involved to a noticeable extent with every action category. Third, the action categories are interrelated. Fourth, the action categories are bipolar in the sense that each actually does contain or may plausibly be said to contain both facilitating and hindering events. Fifth, the action categories happen or could happen as part of everyday university life. Sixth, there is evidence to suggest that the action categories are useful. Future studies might: 1) undertake further studies which will more fully explore and validate the action categories; 2) determine to what extent the action category scheme applies to other faculties of education and other faculties; 3) use alternative methods to confirm relationships among action, agent or agency and phase categories; 4) examine how the action category scheme is affected by diverse types of change; and 5) determine how an administrator can best accomplish the task of motivating, enabling, and directing scholarly activity.
Can classical electrodynamics predict nonlocal effects?
Creators: name: Heras, José A.
name: Heras, Ricardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical electrodynamics is a local theory describing local interactions between charges and electromagnetic fields and therefore one would not expect that this theory could predict nonlocal effects. But this perception implicitly assumes that the electromagnetic configurations lie in simply connected regions. In this paper we consider an electromagnetic configuration lying in a non-simply connected region, which consists of a charged particle encircling an infinitely-long solenoid enclosing a uniform magnetic flux, and show that the electromagnetic angular momentum of this configuration describes a nonlocal interaction between the encircling charge outside the solenoid and the magnetic flux confined inside the solenoid. We argue that the nonlocality of this interaction is of topological nature by showing that the electromagnetic angular momentum of the configuration is proportional to a winding number. The magnitude of this electromagnetic angular momentum may be interpreted as the classical counterpart of the Aharonov-Bohm phase.
Meropenem Plasma and Interstitial Soft Tissue Concentrations in Obese and Nonobese Patients - A Controlled Clinical Trial
Creators: name: Simon, Philipp
name: Petroff, David
name: Busse, David
name: Heyne, Jana
name: Girrbach, Felix
name: Dietrich, Arne
name: Kratzer, Alexander
name: Zeitlinger, Markus
name: Kloft, Charlotte
name: Kees, Frieder
name: Wrigge, Hermann
name: Dorn, Christoph
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: antibiotic dosing
subject: concentrations
subject: meropenem
subject: microdialysis
subject: obesity
subject: pharmacokinetics
subject: soft tissue
subject: pharmacodynamics
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten

description: Background: This controlled clinical study aimed to investigate the impact of obesity on plasma and tissue pharmacokinetics of meropenem. Methods: Obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2) and age-/sex-matched nonobese (18.5 kg/m2 ≥ BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2) surgical patients received a short-term infusion of 1000-mg meropenem. Concentrations were determined via high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) in the plasma and microdialysate from the interstitial fluid (ISF) of subcutaneous tissue up to eight h after dosing. An analysis was performed in the plasma and ISF by noncompartmental methods. Results: The maximum plasma concentrations in 15 obese (BMI 49 ± 11 kg/m2) and 15 nonobese (BMI 24 ± 2 kg/m2) patients were 54.0 vs. 63.9 mg/L (95% CI for difference: −18.3 to −3.5). The volume of distribution was 22.4 vs. 17.6 L, (2.6–9.1), but the clearance was comparable (12.5 vs. 11.1 L/h, −1.4 to 3.1), leading to a longer half-life (1.52 vs. 1.31 h, 0.05–0.37) and fairly similar area under the curve (AUC)8h (78.7 vs. 89.2 mg*h/L, −21.4 to 8.6). In the ISF, the maximum concentrations differed significantly (12.6 vs. 18.6 L, −16.8 to −0.8) but not the AUC8h (28.5 vs. 42.0 mg*h/L, −33.9 to 5.4). Time above the MIC (T > MIC) in the plasma and ISF did not differ significantly for MICs of 0.25–8 mg/L. Conclusions: In morbidly obese patients, meropenem has lower maximum concentrations and higher volumes of distribution. However, due to the slightly longer half-life, obesity has no influence on the T > MIC, so dose adjustments for obesity seem unnecessary.
Lattice QCD calculation of the Collins-Soper kernel from quasi TMDPDFs
Creators: name: Shanahan, Phiala
name: Wagman, Michael
name: Zhao, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work presents a lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) calculation of the nonperturbative Collins-Soper kernel, which describes the rapidity evolution of quark transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions. The kernel is extracted at transverse momentum scales in the range 400 MeV $< q_T < 1.7$ GeV in a calculation with dynamical fermions and quark masses corresponding to a larger-than-physical pion mass, $m_π=538(1)$ MeV. It is found that different approaches to extract the Collins-Soper kernel from the same underlying lattice QCD matrix elements yield significantly different results and uncertainty estimates, revealing that power corrections, such as those associated with higher-twist effects, and perturbative matching between quasi and light-cone beam functions, cannot be neglected.
description: 25 pages
Wolfgang Gippert, Kindheit und Jugend in Danzig 1920 bis 1945. Identitätsbildung im sozialistischen und im konservativen Milieu
Creators: name: Loew, Peter Oliver
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2005

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 54 Nr. 4 (2005)
Václav Bůžek, Ferdinand von Tirol zwischen Prag und Innsbruck
Creators: name: Strohmeyer, Arno
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2010

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 59 Nr. 1 (2010)
Ansgar Haller, Die Ausformung von Öffentlichkeit in Danzig im 18. Jahrhundert bis zur zweiten Teilung Polens im Jahre 1793
Creators: name: Loew, Peter Oliver
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2005

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 54 Nr. 4 (2005)
Active learning using weakly supervised signals for quality inspection
Creators: name: Cordier, Antoine
name: Das, Deepan
name: Gutierrez, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.10; I.4.6; I.4.8; I.4.9; I.5

description: Because manufacturing processes evolve fast, and since production visual aspect can vary significantly on a daily basis, the ability to rapidly update machine vision based inspection systems is paramount. Unfortunately, supervised learning of convolutional neural networks requires a significant amount of annotated images for being able to learn effectively from new data. Acknowledging the abundance of continuously generated images coming from the production line and the cost of their annotation, we demonstrate it is possible to prioritize and accelerate the annotation process. In this work, we develop a methodology for learning actively, from rapidly mined, weakly (i.e. partially) annotated data, enabling a fast, direct feedback from the operators on the production line and tackling a big machine vision weakness: false positives. We also consider the problem of covariate shift, which arises inevitably due to changing conditions during data acquisition. In that regard, we show domain-adversarial training to be an efficient way to address this issue.
description: 8 pages, 3 Figures, QCAV 2021 conference (proceedings published in SPIE)
Detailed elemental abundances of binary stars: Searching for signatures of planet formation and atomic diffusion
Creators: name: Liu, Fan
name: Bitsch, Bertram
name: Asplund, Martin
name: Liu, Bei-Bei
name: Murphy, Michael T.
name: Yong, David
name: Ting, Yuan-Sen
name: Feltzing, Sofia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binary star systems are assumed to be co-natal and coeval, thus to have identical chemical composition. In this work we aim to test the hypothesis that there is a connection between observed element abundance patterns and the formation of planets using binary stars. Moreover, we also want to test how atomic diffusion might influence the observed abundance patterns. We conduct a strictly line-by-line differential chemical abundance analysis of 7 binary systems. Stellar atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances are obtained with extremely high precision (< 3.5%) using the high quality spectra from VLT/UVES and Keck/HIRES. We find that 4 of 7 binary systems show subtle abundance differences (0.01 - 0.03 dex) without clear correlations with the condensation temperature, including two planet-hosting pairs. The other 3 binary systems exhibit similar degree of abundance differences correlating with the condensation temperature. We do not find any clear relation between the abundance differences and the occurrence of known planets in our systems. Instead, the overall abundance offsets observed in the binary systems (4 of 7) could be due to the effects of atomic diffusion. Although giant planet formation does not necessarily imprint chemical signatures onto the host star, the differences in the observed abundance trends with condensation temperature, on the other hand, are likely associated with diverse histories of planet formation (e.g., formation location). Furthermore, we find a weak correlation between abundance differences and binary separation, which may provide a new constraint on the formation of binary systems.
description: 15 pages, 16 figures; accepted by MNRAS
Range Ecosystem Research: The Challenge of Change
Creators: name: Forest Service, U.S. Department Of Agriculture
name: Forest Service, U.S. Department Of Agriculture
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Land Economics/Use
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Excerpts from the report Foreword: One characteristic of our times is change, and change brings with it challenges, opportunities, and problems. As we have looked forward to the 1970's, we have taken a new look at the Nation's rangelands and their importance to all segments of society. Half of the United States is rangeland, and as population, industrialization, and urbanization increase, rangeland's role expands. The economy of many localities and regions depends on range resources. In meeting the challenge of the 1970's and adapting to changes in society’s needs, what is the best way to proceed with research on the problems of managing, conserving, and using rangelands?
Asymptotic behavior of the entropy of chains placed on stripes
Creators: name: Dantas, W. G.
name: de Oliveira, M. J.
name: Stilck, J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using the transfer matrix approach, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of the entropy of flexible chains with $M$ monomers each placed on stripes. In the limit of high density of monomers, we study the behavior of the entropy as a function of the density of monomers and the width of the stripe, inspired by recent analytical studies of this problem for the particular case of dimers (M=2). We obtain the entropy in the asymptotic regime of high densities for chains with $M=2,..,9$ monomers, as well as for the special case of polymers, where $M\to\infty$, and find that the results show a regular behavior similar to the one found analytically for dimers. We also verify that in the low-density limit the mean-field expression for the entropy is followed by the results from our transfer matrix calculations.
Semi-active six degree of freedom vibration control
Creators: name: Wilson, Nicholas Louis
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mechanical engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: Applied sciences
subject: Six-dof
subject: Decentralized
subject: Mr damper
subject: Semi-active degrees
subject: Temperature modeling
subject: Vibration control

description: This body of work develops a modular, semi-active isolation suspension for 6-DOF vibration control of ground support equipment near a rocket launch. The objective is to provide vibration and shock attenuation for a broad disturbance spectrum with semi-actively controlled magnetorheological (MR) dampers. MR dampers have adaptable rheological properties that can be quickly altered by the application of an external magnetic field, allowing the device to be tailored to the source disturbance. These changes are large, reversible, and rapid (10 -3 s), which make MR fluid an excellent medium for mechanical vibration damping.

This work addresses several practical issues the MR suspension may face, including perturbations in operating temperature, payload mass, and center of gravity. A model of a single, linear-stroke MR damper is developed to capture the force behavior for practical operating temperatures between 0°C and 100°C. The impact of temperature and payload mass on the attenuation performance is evaluated through a simplified 1-DOF system. The analysis is extended to a multi-damper suspension for 6-DOF vibration control and a mathematical model is derived to describe the system dynamics. Several control laws are formulated in the 6-DOF framework, considering both centralized and decentralized algorithms. The mathematical model is validated experimentally with a full-scale, deliverable system tested at George Washington University's Earthquake Engineering Laboratory shake table in response to simulated disturbances from NASA's Space Shuttle Mobile Launch Platform during the STS-31 launch. The model is used to analyze the attenuation ability of the suspension considering MR damper orientation, control strategy, and perturbations in payload mass, center of gravity location, and operating temperature.

The semi-active suspension is shown to be a robust, adaptable solution with low power consumption requirements compared to the state of the art.
Fundamental mechanism of the creation of chemical bimodality in the Milky Way disc in the cold accretion theory
Creators: name: Noguchi, Masafumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chemical bimodality of the Milky Way (MW) disc stars constitutes one of the most remarkable properties of MW. The cold accretion theory for the cosmological gas accretion provides one viable explanation to this phenomenon. In this scenario, the rapid cold-mode accretion in the early epoch creates the first generation stars relatively rich in $α$-elements(O,Mg,Si,S,Ca,etc) and later cooling flow produces iron-rich second generation stars, creating the bimodality in the [$α$/Fe] ratio. We employ a cosmologically motivated chemical evolution model for disc galaxies to elucidate the role played by type Ia supernovae (SNIa), which serve as the major source of iron, in the creation of the bimodality. To this end, we divide SNIa into two groups, those formed from the 1st generation stars (the first SNIa) and those formed from the 2nd generation stars (the second SNIa). The model with the first SNIa suppressed during the {\it second} star formation stage produces stars having high [$α$/Fe] in the early phase of this stage, whereas the model which prohibits the second SNIa produces high [$α$/Fe] stars in the late phase. Both models fail to create a well-defined bimodality. We thus conclude that the cooperation of the first and the second SNIa plays a crucial role in creating the bimodality by maintaining rich iron content in the interstellar gas throughout the second star formation stage.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Redshifted 21cm Observations of High Redshift Quasar Proximity Zones
Creators: name: Wyithe, Stuart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The introduction of low-frequency radio arrays is expected to revolutionize the study of the reionization epoch. Observation of the contrast in redshifted 21cm emission between a large HII region and the surrounding neutral inter-galactic medium (IGM) will be the simplest and most easily interpreted signature. However the highest redshift quasars known are thought to reside in an ionized IGM. Using a semi-analytic model we describe the redshifted 21cm signal from the IGM surrounding quasars discovered using the i-drop out technique (i.e. quasars at z~6). We argue that while quasars at z<6.5 seem to reside in the post overlap IGM, they will still provide valuable probes of the late stages of the overlap era because the light-travel time across a quasar proximity zone should be comparable to the duration of overlap. For redshifted 21cm observations within a 32MHz bandpass, we find that the subtraction of a spectrally smooth foreground will not remove spectral features due to the proximity zone. These features could be used to measure the neutral hydrogen content of the IGM during the late stages of reionization. The density of quasars at z~6 is now well constrained. We use the measured quasar luminosity function to estimate the prospects for discovery of high redshift quasars in fields that will be observed by the Murchison Widefield Array.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS