cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Conservative AI and social inequality: Conceptualizing alternatives to bias through social theory
Creators: name: Zajko, Mike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In response to calls for greater interdisciplinary involvement from the social sciences and humanities in the development, governance, and study of artificial intelligence systems, this paper presents one sociologist's view on the problem of algorithmic bias and the reproduction of societal bias. Discussions of bias in AI cover much of the same conceptual terrain that sociologists studying inequality have long understood using more specific terms and theories. Concerns over reproducing societal bias should be informed by an understanding of the ways that inequality is continually reproduced in society -- processes that AI systems are either complicit in, or can be designed to disrupt and counter. The contrast presented here is between conservative and radical approaches to AI, with conservatism referring to dominant tendencies that reproduce and strengthen the status quo, while radical approaches work to disrupt systemic forms of inequality. The limitations of conservative approaches to class, gender, and racial bias are discussed as specific examples, along with the social structures and processes that biases in these areas are linked to. Societal issues can no longer be out of scope for AI and machine learning, given the impact of these systems on human lives. This requires engagement with a growing body of critical AI scholarship that goes beyond biased data to analyze structured ways of perpetuating inequality, opening up the possibility for radical alternatives.
description: AI & Soc (2021)
Additional file 8 of Multiple Cold Tolerance Trait Phenotyping Reveals Shared Quantitative Trait Loci in Oryza sativa
Creators: name: Shimoyama, Naoki
name: Melineeh Johnson
name: Beaumont, André
name: Schläppi, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 8 Figure S8. Filtered Significant SNP Molecular Function enrichment map.
2000 NORTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK: REPRESENTATIVE FARMS 2000-2009
Creators: name: Koo, Won W.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Swenson, Andrew L.
name: Duncan, Marvin R.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Swenson, Andrew L.
name: Duncan, Marvin R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm Management
subject: Net Farm Income
subject: Debt-to-asset Ratios
subject: Cropland Prices
subject: Land Rental Rates
subject: Farm Operating Expenses
subject: Capitalization Rate

description: Net farm income for most representative farms in 2009 will be lower than in 1999. Low profit farms, which consist of 25% of the farms in the study, may have negative net farm income throughout the forecasting period, and may not have financial resiliency to survive. This is true under both optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. All farms, except low profit farms, may perform well under the optimistic scenario, while only high profit and large size farms may be able to survive under the pessimistic scenario. Cropland prices and cash rental rates are projected to increase slightly except in the Red River Valley where they are projected to fall. Debt-to-asset ratios for most farms will remain unchanged throughout the forecast period. Debt-to-asset ratios for the low profit and small size farms are higher than those for large and high profit farms. Under the optimistic scenario, all North Dakota farms, except for the low profit farm, may perform well. Under the pessimistic scenario, both the small size and low profit representative farms fail to provide sufficient income for family living.
Additional file 9 of Multiple Cold Tolerance Trait Phenotyping Reveals Shared Quantitative Trait Loci in Oryza sativa
Creators: name: Shimoyama, Naoki
name: Melineeh Johnson
name: Beaumont, André
name: Schläppi, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 9 Figure S9. Multiple-Trait+Cluster QTL Biological Process enrichment map.
RURAL COMMUNITY RESPONSE TO CLOSURE/DOWNSIZING OF A MAJOR EMPLOYER
Creators: name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Root, Kenneth A.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Root, Kenneth A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: economic restructuring
subject: downsizing
subject: closure
subject: community case studies
subject: economic development organization
subject: lead time to closure/downsizing

description: Rural communities in the Upper Midwest continue to experience economic restructuring, caused not only by area agricultural changes, but also by mining and local manufacturing shutdowns. Focusing on two states, Minnesota and North Dakota, this study details the repercussions, and response, of five rural communities to the downsizing or closure of a major employer. The five community case studies represent a range of industries in which there were employment losses, diversity in community size, proximity to other labor markets, as well as multiple and varied use of adjustment techniques local leaders used in their response to community job loss. The communities studied were selected from more than 40 communities in the two states that had experienced a closure or downsizing that produced significant job loss between July of 1994 and January of 1998. The five communities were treated as case studies, and a number of local leaders were identified, and participated in in-depth interviews. Additional information about each community was obtained through a random sample of respondents who completed a mailed questionnaire. The questionnaire focused on the respondent's views of the impact of job loss for the community, and their perceptions of leadership to resolve the crisis. The communities ranged in size from less than 400 to 10,000 residents. All five communities had low levels of unemployment, and at the time of the survey data analysis, Minnesota and North Dakota were ranked as having the lowest unemployment rates in the country. Case study communities in this study tended to make a "better" adjustment when there was/were: an economic development organization (regional, if not local) in place prior to the closure; cohesion of community and agency leaders who were not concerned with "turf" issues; a focus on both assisting displaced workers and promoting economic development; a breadth of contact and networking with State agencies, consultants, and community leaders from other communities which had already weathered a dislocation and made a good adjustment; substantial lead time prior to closure/downsizing; an understanding that the adjustment period from downturn to upturn was not overnight, but might take months, or even years, but a "Can Do" attitude prevailed throughout; a closure/downsizing that was not the sole or dominant employer; some displaced workers who were not local residents, but were commuters; and a range of alternative re-use options for the closed facility, rather than a single restrictive use-option.
Additional file 1 of Scope of a weekly infection control team rounding in an acute-care teaching hospital: a pilot study
Creators: name: Jeong, Yeon Su
name: Kim, Jin Hwa
name: Seungju Lee
name: Lee, So Young
name: Oh, Sun Mi
name: Eunjung Lee
name: Kim, Tae Hyong
name: Park, Se Yoon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. Checklists for infection control team rounding.
Quantum Walk with a time-dependent coin
Creators: name: Banuls, M. C.
name: Navarrete, C.
name: Perez, A.
name: Roldan, Eugenio
name: Soriano, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce quantum walks with a time-dependent coin, and show how they include, as a particular case, the generalized quantum walk recently studied by Wojcik et al. {[}Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{93}, 180601(2004){]} which exhibits interesting dynamical localization and quasiperiodic dynamics. Our proposal allows for a much easier implementation of this particular rich dynamics than the original one. Moreover, it allows for an additional control on the walk, which can be used to compensate for phases appearing due to external interactions. To illustrate its feasibility, we discuss an example using an optical cavity. We also derive an approximated solution in the continuous limit (long--wavelength approximation) which provides physical insight about the process.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures Revised version
Vojtenko, Anton A. (Hrsg.): Aeternitas. Sbornik statej po greko-rimskomu i christianskomu Egiptu [Beiträge zum griechisch-römischen und christlichen Ägypten]
Creators: name: Bumažnov, Dmitrij
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 97 (2013): Oriens christianus, Band 97
Lorenzen's proof of consistency for elementary number theory [with an edition and translation of "Ein halbordnungstheoretischer Widerspruchsfreiheitsbeweis'']
Creators: name: Coquand, Thierry
name: Neuwirth, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a manuscript of Paul Lorenzen that provides a proof of consistency for elementary number theory as an application of the construction of the free countably complete pseudocomplemented semilattice over a preordered set. This manuscript rests in the Oskar-Becker-Nachlass at the Philosophisches Archiv of Universit{ä}t Konstanz, file OB 5-3b-5. It has probably been written between March and May 1944. We also compare this proof to Gentzen's and Novikov's, and provide a translation of the manuscript.
description: History and Philosophy of Logic, Taylor & Francis, 2020. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1711.06139
Mapping deformed hyperbolic potentials into nondeformed ones
Creators: name: Dutra, A. de Souza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we introduce a mapping between the so called deformed hyperbolic potentials, which are presenting a continuous interest in the last few years, and the corresponding nondeformed ones. As a consequence, we conclude that these deformed potentials do not pertain to a new class of exactly solvable potentials, but to the same one of the corresponding nondeformed ones. Notwithstanding, we can reinterpret this type of deformation as a kind of symmetry of the nondeformed potentials.
description: 7 pages
Additional file 3 of Multiple Cold Tolerance Trait Phenotyping Reveals Shared Quantitative Trait Loci in Oryza sativa
Creators: name: Shimoyama, Naoki
name: Melineeh Johnson
name: Beaumont, André
name: Schläppi, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3 Figure S3. Multiple-Trait QTL gene Biological Processes enrichment map.
A role for methyl-CpG binding domain protein 2 in olfactory neuronal development
Creators: name: Cheng, Jenny S.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Methylation of DNA is a common modification of CpG di-nucleotides and is associated with transcriptional repression. This mechanism of gene silencing can be mediated by methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) proteins, which form repressor complexes that are important in linking DNA methylation and transcriptional repression by altering chromatin structure. We have identified MBD2 as a gene that is highly upregulated following bulbectomy in mouse. MBD2 has been shown to bind methylated DNA and belongs to the MeCPl repressor complex, which includes the histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2 and the histone binding proteins RbAp46 and RbAp48 (Hendrich and Bird, 1998; Bird and Wolffe, 1999). The bulbectomy paradigm recapitulates ORN developmental events and suggests that MBD2 is important in regulating gene expression during ORN development. This study sought to determine if MBD2 is involved in ORN development by silencing genes that are no longer needed for ORNs to achieve a mature phenotype. MBD2 was found to be dynamically expressed by ORNs at different stages of maturation during development. In the absence of MBD2 there are abnormalities in the primary neuraxis. MBD2-/- neonates have more ORNs, more axon bundles and significantly larger axon bundles and glomeruli, when compared to MBD2+/+ controls for OMP and NCAM staining. We have also generated an in vitro model of ORN development to help us understand ORN developmental events and in particular, MBD2 function. Conditionally immortalized temperature sensitive cell lines were generated from the embryonic mouse olfactory placode. Two of these, OP6 and OP27 were chosen for further characterization and confirmed to be olfactory neuron-like in nature. Both OP6 and OP27 express general neuronal and ORN markers, neurotrophin receptors and after differentiation, express OMP. Both express endogenous ORs and respond to odorant stimulation. OP6 and OP27 also express MBD2 and MBD3 in a differentiation dependent manner consistent with observations in vivo. Both OP6 and OP27 also express MeCP2, mSin3A, HDAC1 and HDAC2, all potential protein interactors of MBD2. The in vivo and in vitro data demonstrate that MBD2 is important in regulating gene expression during olfactory neuronal development.
132. Variability, DR3, and Citizen Science
Creators: name: Perryman, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In essay 61, I looked at the identification and classification of variable stars from Gaia DR2, and some of the statistics of the resulting 550,000 variable stars. Here, I update the statistics for the 10 million variable stars identified in DR3. And I describe Gaia-Vari, the first Citizen Science contributions to Gaia which are assisting with the classification process.
A Search for the Decay B+ --> tau+ nu_tau
Creators: name: The BABAR Collaboration
name: Aubert, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We search for the rare leptonic decay B+ --> tau+ nu_tau in a sample of 232x10^6 BBbar pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II B-Factory. Signal events are selected by examining the properties of the B meson recoiling against the semileptonic decay B- --> D*0 l- nu_lbar. We find no evidence for a signal and set an upper limit on the branching fraction of BR(B+ --> tau+ nu_tau) < 2.8x10^{-4} at the 90% confidence level. We combine this result with a previous, statistically independent BABAR search for B+ --> tau+ nu_tau to give an upper limit of BR(B+ --> tau+ nu_tau) < 2.6x10^{-4} at the 90% confidence level.
description: 7 pages, 1 postscript figues, submitted to PRD brief report
Additional file 4 of Multiple Cold Tolerance Trait Phenotyping Reveals Shared Quantitative Trait Loci in Oryza sativa
Creators: name: Shimoyama, Naoki
name: Melineeh Johnson
name: Beaumont, André
name: Schläppi, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4 Figure S4. Multiple-Trait QTL gene Cell Component enrichment map.
Aleph_null Hypergravity in Three-Dimensions
Creators: name: Nishino, Hitoshi
name: Rajpoot, Subhash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct hypergravity theory in three-dimensions with the gravitino ψ_{μm_1... m_n}{}^A with an arbitrary half-integral spin n+3/2, carrying also the index A for certain real representations of any gauge group G. The possible real representations are restricted by the condition that the matrix representation of all the generators are antisymmetric: (T^I)^{A B} = - (T^I)^{B A}. Since such a real representation can be arbitrarily large, this implies \aleph_0-hypergravity with infinitely many (\aleph_0) extended local hypersymmetries.
description: 12 pages, no figures
CHARACTERISTICS, EXPENDITURES, AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF RESIDENT AND NONRESIDENT HUNTERS AND ANGLERS IN NORTH DAKOTA, 1996-97, SEASON AND TRENDS
Creators: name: Lewis, Tina D.
name: Leitch, Jay A.
name: Meyer, Aaron J.
name: Lewis, Tina D.
name: Leitch, Jay A.
name: Meyer, Aaron J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: hunter
subject: angler
subject: expenditures
subject: impact
subject: North Dakota
subject: nonresident

description: Wildlife-related recreation is an important source of economic activity in North Dakota. Using primary, survey-based data, the expenditures and economic impacts of hunters and anglers were summarized for the 1996 hunting/fishing seasons. Total resident and nonresident expenditures (including cost of licenses and additional nonresident expenditures not related to hunting/angling) came to $594 million. Almost $144 million of total expenditures was spent in rural areas by nonresidents and urban residents. Resident and nonresident hunters and anglers generated $1.6 billion in total business activity, $250 million in retail trade sales, $393 million in personal income, and supported over 21,000 jobs. These results suggest that North Dakota's resident and nonresident hunters and anglers are a vital part of the state's economy.
Combination of carbon nanotubes and two-photon absorbers for broadband optical limiting
Creators: name: Izard, Nicolas
name: Ménard, Cécilia
name: Riehl, Didier
name: Doris, Eric
name: Mioskowski, Charles
name: Anglaret, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New systems are required for optical limiting against broadband laser pulses. We demonstrate that the association of non-linear scattering from single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and multiphoton absorption (MPA) from organic chromophores is a promising approach to extend performances of optical limiters over broad spectral and temporal ranges. Such composites display high linear transmission and good neutral colorimetry and are particularly efficient in the nanosecond regime due to cumulative effects.
description: 5 avril 2004
Federated Survival Analysis with Discrete-Time Cox Models
Creators: name: Andreux, Mathieu
name: Manoel, Andre
name: Menuet, Romuald
name: Saillard, Charlie
name: Simpson, Chloé
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Building machine learning models from decentralized datasets located in different centers with federated learning (FL) is a promising approach to circumvent local data scarcity while preserving privacy. However, the prominent Cox proportional hazards (PH) model, used for survival analysis, does not fit the FL framework, as its loss function is non-separable with respect to the samples. The naïve method to bypass this non-separability consists in calculating the losses per center, and minimizing their sum as an approximation of the true loss. We show that the resulting model may suffer from important performance loss in some adverse settings. Instead, we leverage the discrete-time extension of the Cox PH model to formulate survival analysis as a classification problem with a separable loss function. Using this approach, we train survival models using standard FL techniques on synthetic data, as well as real-world datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), showing similar performance to a Cox PH model trained on aggregated data. Compared to previous works, the proposed method is more communication-efficient, more generic, and more amenable to using privacy-preserving techniques.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 6 of Multiple Cold Tolerance Trait Phenotyping Reveals Shared Quantitative Trait Loci in Oryza sativa
Creators: name: Shimoyama, Naoki
name: Melineeh Johnson
name: Beaumont, André
name: Schläppi, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6 Figure S6. Filtered Significant SNP Biological Processes enrichment map.
Vojtenko, Anton A.: Egipetskoe monas̆estvo v IV v.: Z̆itie prep anto. Antonija Velikogo, Lavsaik, Istorija monachov
Creators: name: Bumažnov, Dmitrij
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 97 (2013): Oriens christianus, Band 97
Additional file 7 of Multiple Cold Tolerance Trait Phenotyping Reveals Shared Quantitative Trait Loci in Oryza sativa
Creators: name: Shimoyama, Naoki
name: Melineeh Johnson
name: Beaumont, André
name: Schläppi, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7 Figure S7. Filtered Significant SNP Cell Component enrichment map.
Self-Regulated Artificial Ant Colonies on Digital Image Habitats
Creators: name: Fernandes, Carlos
name: Ramos, Vitorino
name: Rosa, Agostinho C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.11; I.2.9; I.3.3; I.4; I.4.10; I.4.6; I.4.9; I.5.4

description: Artificial life models, swarm intelligent and evolutionary computation algorithms are usually built on fixed size populations. Some studies indicate however that varying the population size can increase the adaptability of these systems and their capability to react to changing environments. In this paper we present an extended model of an artificial ant colony system designed to evolve on digital image habitats. We will show that the present swarm can adapt the size of the population according to the type of image on which it is evolving and reacting faster to changing images, thus converging more rapidly to the new desired regions, regulating the number of his image foraging agents. Finally, we will show evidences that the model can be associated with the Mathematical Morphology Watershed algorithm to improve the segmentation of digital grey-scale images. KEYWORDS: Swarm Intelligence, Perception and Image Processing, Pattern Recognition, Mathematical Morphology, Social Cognitive Maps, Social Foraging, Self-Organization, Distributed Search.
description: 8 pages, 17 figures, full pictures in http://alfa.ist.utl.pt/~cvrm/staff/vramos/Vramos-WCLC05b.pdf
Deep Small Bowel Segmentation with Cylindrical Topological Constraints
Creators: name: Shin, Seung Yeon
name: Lee, Sungwon
name: Elton, Daniel C.
name: Gulley, James L.
name: Summers, Ronald M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a novel method for small bowel segmentation where a cylindrical topological constraint based on persistent homology is applied. To address the touching issue which could break the applied constraint, we propose to augment a network with an additional branch to predict an inner cylinder of the small bowel. Since the inner cylinder is free of the touching issue, a cylindrical shape constraint applied on this augmented branch guides the network to generate a topologically correct segmentation. For strict evaluation, we achieved an abdominal computed tomography dataset with dense segmentation ground-truths. The proposed method showed clear improvements in terms of four different metrics compared to the baseline method, and also showed the statistical significance from a paired t-test.
description: Accepted to MICCAI 2020
Measurement of the azimuthal angle distribution of leptons from W boson decays as a function of the W transverse momentum in proton-antiproton collisions at sqrt(s)=1.8 TeV
Creators: name: Acosta, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first measurement of the A_2 and A_3 angular coefficients of the W boson produced in proton-antiproton collisions. We study W-> e+nu and W-> mu+nu candidate events produced in association with at least one jet at CDF, during Run Ia and Run Ib of the Tevatron at sqrt(s)=1.8 TeV. The corresponding integrated luminosity was 110 pb^-1. The jet balances the transverse momentum of the W and introduces QCD effects in W boson production. The extraction of the angular coefficients is achieved through the direct measurement of the azimuthal angle of the charged lepton in the Collins-Soper rest-frame of the W boson. The angular coefficients are measured as a function of the transverse momentum of the W boson. The electron, muon, and combined results are in good agreement with the Standard Model prediction, up to order alpha_s^2 in QCD.
description: 28 pages, 33 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Excitonic optical spectra and energy structures in a one-dimensional Mott insulator demonstrated by applying a many-body Wannier functions method to a charge model
Creators: name: Yamaguchi, T.
name: Iwano, K.
name: Miyamoto, T.
name: Takamura, N.
name: Kida, N.
name: Takahashi, Y.
name: Hasegawa, T.
name: Okamoto, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have applied a many-body Wannier functions method to theoretically calculate an excitonic optical conductivity spectrum and energy structure in a one-dimensional (1D) Mott insulator at absolute zero temperature with large system size. Focusing on full charge fluctuations associated with pairs of a holon and doublon, we employ a charge model, which is interpreted as a good effective model to investigate photoexcitations of a 1D extended Hubbard model at half-filling in the spin-charge separation picture. As a result, the theoretical spectra with appropriate broadenings qualitatively reproduce the recent experimental data of ET-F$_{2}$TCNQ at 294 K with and without a modulated electric field. Regarding the excitonic energy structure, we have found that the excitons, especially for even-parity, are weakly bound by many-body effects. This is also consistent with the fitting parameters reported in the recent experiment. Thus, our theoretical method presented in this paper is practically useful to understand physical roles of charge fluctuations in many-body excited states of a 1D Mott insulator.
description: 31 pages, 9 figures
High Precision Measurement of the Thermal Exponent for the Three-Dimensional XY Universality Class
Creators: name: Burovski, Evgeni
name: Machta, Jonathan
name: Prokof'ev, Nikolay
name: Svistunov, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulations results are reported for critical point of the two-component $ϕ^4$ field theory. The correlation length exponent is measured to high precision with the result $ν=0.6717(3)$. This value is in agreement with recent simulation results [Campostrini \textit{et al}., Phys. Rev. B \textbf{63}, 214503 (2001)], and marginally agrees with the most recent space-based measurements of the superfluid transition in $^4$He [Lipa \textit{et al}., Phys. Rev. B \textbf{68}, 174518 (2003)].
description: a reference added
On Gibbs Measures of $P$-Adic Potts Model on the Cayley Tree
Creators: name: Mukhamedov, Farrukh
name: Rozikov, Utkir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 46S10, 82B26, 12J12

description: We consider a nearest-neighbor $p$-adic Potts (with $q\geq 2$ spin values and coupling constant $J\in \Q_p$) model on the Cayley tree of order $k\geq 1$. It is proved that a phase transition occurs at $k=2$, $q\in p\mathbb{N}$ and $p\geq 3$ (resp. $q\in 2^2\mathbb{N}$, $p=2$). It is established that for $p$-adic Potts model at $k\geq 3$ a phase transition may occur only at $q\in p\mathbb{N}$ if $p\geq 3$ and $q\in 2^2\mathbb{N}$ if $p=2$.
description: 15 pages
1/2 BPS Geometries of M2 Giant Gravitons
Creators: name: Bak, Dongsu
name: Siwach, Sanjay
name: Yee, Ho-Ung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the general 1/2 BPS M2 giant graviton solutions asymptotic to the eleven-dimensional maximally supersymmetric plane wave background, based on the recent work of Lin, Lunin and Maldacena. The solutions have null singularity and we argue that it is unavoidable to have null singularity in the proposed framework, although the solutions are still physically relevant. They involve an arbitrary function F(x) which is shown to have a correspondence to the 1/2 BPS states of the BMN matrix model. A detailed map between the 1/2 BPS states of both sides is worked out.
description: 21 pages and 1 figure. v2: references added, comments added
Strong surface magnetic field generation in relativistic short pulse laser-plasma interaction with an applied seed magnetic field
Creators: name: Weichman, Kathleen
name: Robinson, Alexander P. L.
name: Murakami, Masakatsu
name: Arefiev, Alexey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While plasma often behaves diamagnetically, we demonstrate that the laser irradiation of a thin opaque target with an embedded target-transverse seed magnetic field $B_\mathrm{seed}$ can trigger the generation of an order-of-magnitude stronger magnetic field with opposite sign at the target surface. Strong surface field generation occurs when the laser pulse is relativistically intense and results from the currents associated with the cyclotron rotation of laser-heated electrons transiting through the target and the compensating current of cold electrons. We derive a predictive scaling for this surface field generation, $B_\mathrm{gen} \sim - 2 πB_\mathrm{seed} Δx/λ_0$, where $Δx$ is the target thickness and $λ_0$ is the laser wavelength, and conduct 1D and 2D particle-in-cell simulations to confirm its applicability over a wide range of conditions. We additionally demonstrate that both the seed and surface-generated magnetic fields can have a strong impact on application-relevant plasma dynamics, for example substantially altering the overall expansion and ion acceleration from a $μ$m-thick laser-irradiated target with a kilotesla-level seed magnetic field.
Zakhary, Milad Sidky: De la Trinité à la Trinité
Creators: name: Bruns, Peter
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 97 (2013): Oriens christianus, Band 97
Two-Photon Exchange and Electromagnetic Proton Form Factors
Creators: name: Tomasi-Gustafsson, Egle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of $2γ$-exchange in electron proton elastic scattering is discussed. From C-invariance and crossing symmetry, $2γ$ contribution induces a specific dependence of the reduced cross section on the variable $ε$. No evidence of such dependence exists in the available experimental data.
description: 4 pages, Contributed papers to Baryon 04
Additional file 2 of Multiple Cold Tolerance Trait Phenotyping Reveals Shared Quantitative Trait Loci in Oryza sativa
Creators: name: Shimoyama, Naoki
name: Melineeh Johnson
name: Beaumont, André
name: Schläppi, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2 Figure S2. Approximate genomic locations of 40 Multiple-Trait (qMT) QTL.
Bunchberry (Cornus canadensis) growth and reproductive responses to disturbance in a managed boreal forest
Creators: name: Martin, René Adrienne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: I compared the short-term effects (i. e., within one year of forest harvesting) of two methods of partial cut harvesting (strip-cutting with 75% forest retention by area, and strip-cutting and thinning with 50% forest retention by area) on the growth and reproduction of bunchberry (Cornus canadensis) located in the boreal coniferous forest of northern Alberta, Canada. Bunchberry growth and reproductive responses were measured in harvested stands and along the edge of adjacent, non-harvested stands, and compared to the interior of adjacent, non-harvested stands. One character of bunchberry growth (total ramets/m2) and six reproductive characters (proportion of ramets that flowered, number of flowers/flowering ramet, pollen deposition, initiated fruit, set fruit, and fruit weight) were measured. Light levels and percent soil moisture per plot were also measured, and general habitat characteristics (i.e., tree characteristics and ground cover of other vegetation) were described. Bunchberry was affected by harvesting overall (i.e., with all variables combined); however, bunchberry growth, number of flowers, pollen deposition, and initiated fruits did not significantly differ between any locations for either retention level. The proportion of ramets that flowered significantly increased in the harvested stands with 75% forest retention, and significantly decreased in the harvested stands with 50% forest retention. Fruit set was higher in the harvested stands for both retention levels; however, this was only statistically significant for the 75% retention level. Fruit weight was also higher in the harvested stands for both retention levels, but was only statistically significantly in the 50% retention stands. Light levels and percent soil moisture were significantly higher in the harvested plot locations for both the 50% and 75% retention levels; however, no differences were found in light and soil moisture levels between retention levels. Bunchberry responded to harvesting by producing large and numerous fruits in both retention treatments, a response that is likely related to increased light levels and soil moisture found in these locations. Initial reproductive responses (i.e., the proportion of ramets that flowered) differed between retention levels, however. The increases seen in flowering ramets in 75% retention stands were likely a result of increased light levels, allowing for more resources to be allocated to reproduction. However, in the 50% retention stands, mechanical damage due to this more intensive harvesting technique may have resulted in the decreases seen in flowering ramets.
The soft excess of the NLS1 galaxy Mrk 359 studied with an XMM-Newton-NuSTAR monitoring campaign
Creators: name: Middei, R.
name: Petrucci, P. -O.
name: Bianchi, S.
name: Ursini, F.
name: Cappi, M.
name: Clavel, M.
name: De Rosa, A.
name: Marinucci, A.
name: Matt, G.
name: Tortosa, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: XMM-Newton and NuSTAR multiple exposures allow us to disentangle the different emission components of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and to study the evolution of their different spectral features. In this work, we present the timing and spectral properties of five simultaneous XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations of the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 359. We aim to provide the first broadband spectral modeling of Mrk 359 describing its emission spectrum from the UV up to the hard X-rays. To do this, we performed temporal and spectral data analysis, characterising the amplitude and spectral changes of the Mrk 359 time series and computing the 2-10 keV normalised excess variance. The spectral broadband modelling assumes the standard hot Comptonising corona and reflection component, while for the soft excess we tested two different models: a warm, optically thick Comptonising corona (the two-corona model) and a reflection model in which the soft-excess is the result of a blurred reflected continuum and line emission (the reflection model). High and low flux states were observed during the campaign. The former state has a softer spectral shape, while the latter shows a harder one. The photon index is in the 1.75-1.89 range, and only a lower limit to the hot-corona electron temperature can be found. A constant reflection component, likely associated with distant matter, is observed. Regarding the soft excess, we found that among the reflection models we tested, the one providing the better fit (reduced $χ^2$=1.14) is the high-density one. However, a significantly better fit (reduced $χ^2$=1.08) is found by modelling the soft excess with a warm Comptonisation model. The present analysis suggests the two-corona model as the best scenario for the optical-UV to X-ray emission spectrum of Mrk 359.
description: 12 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Discovery of Multiply Imaged Galaxies behind the Cluster and Lensed Quasar SDSS J1004+4112
Creators: name: Sharon, Keren
name: Ofek, Eran O.
name: Smith, Graham P.
name: Broadhurst, Tom J.
name: Maoz, Dan
name: Kochanek, Christopher S.
name: Oguri, Masamune
name: Suto, Yasushi
name: Inada, Naohisa
name: Falco, Emilio E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have identified three multiply imaged galaxies in Hubble Space Telescope images of the redshift z=0.68 cluster responsible for the large-separation quadruply lensed quasar, SDSS J1004+4112. Spectroscopic redshifts have been secured for two of these systems using the Keck I 10m telescope. The most distant lensed galaxy, at z=3.332, forms at least four images, and an Einstein ring encompassing 3.1 times more area than the Einstein ring of the lensed QSO images at z=1.74, due to the greater source distance. For a second multiply imaged galaxy, we identify Ly_alpha emission at a redshift of z=2.74. The cluster mass profile can be constrained from near the center of the brightest cluster galaxy, where we observe both a radial arc and the fifth image of the lensed quasar, to the Einstein radius of the highest redshift galaxy, ~110 kpc. Our preliminary modeling indicates that the mass approximates an elliptical body, with an average projected logarithmic gradient of ~-0.5. The system is potentially useful for a direct measurement of world models in a previously untested redshift range.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Accepted by ApJL. High resolution version of the paper can be found at: http://wise-obs.tau.ac.il/~kerens/papers.html
Agribusiness Planning - Teaching and Cases at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada
Creators: name: Brown, William J.
name: Brown, William J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Agribusiness
subject: Planning
subject: Teaching
subject: Cases

description: The University of Saskatchewan (U of S) offers 2 courses in agribusiness planning where students form groups of 3 or 4 and prepare a complete business plan for an actual or planned agribusiness. Individuals or groups wishing to have a agribusiness plan completed can apply to the U of S and a student group will be assigned to their project. The components of a business plan includes the following sections; the executive summary, the introduction to the business being planned, the industry overview, the operations plan, the human resources plan, the marketing plan, and the financial plan which includes 10 years of financial projections. The paper also includes brief descriptions of a number of business plans completed by the students in the last number of years.
South African Grain Farmers in Dire Straits: Scenarios for Sustainable Farming
Creators: name: Bisschoff, Christo
name: Bisschoff, Christo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Traditionally, the South African farmer has always been an entrepreneur, running his/her farming activities as a business to support lifestyle, provide a future for the children (as successors to the family farm or by providing education for a career) and to provide for comfortable retirement one day. However, a number of climatic- and economic environmental issues has resulted in severe constraints to farmers as entrepreneurs, creating a situation where farming are on the brink of collapse and maize farmers are struggling to survive. The production years 2005/6 and 2006/7 are critical. This paper focuses specifically on the summer grain production areas in South Africa where, in addition to the main crop maize, they also plant crops such as sunflower, peanuts, dry beans, sorghum and grazing for livestock). The objective of this paper is to report on the viability of possible scenarios that could assist the farming entrepreneur to sustain his/her farming activities beyond the following two years. A number of specific constraints impact on the grain farmer, namely the overproduction of almost all grain types, the free market system of pricing grain internationally, the Rand/Dollar exchange rate, the capital investment trap and the current government assistance policy, to name but a few. All of these constraints have resulted in a situation where it is no longer viable for farmers to produce the main crop (in excess of 80% of farming activities) namely maize. This situation calls for drastic intervention in entrepreneurial decision-making, and farmers must consider other viable options to service debt and to maintain a positive cash-flow. The analyses show that, ultimately (and most unfortunately), no favourable solution is at hand. From the possible scenarios evaluated in the paper, it is evident that maize farmers should discontinue production of maize on a large scale for the immediate future until the market environment improves. The farming community is faced with a situation of minimising losses and not with any real positive solution pertaining to the scenarios evaluated. The final conclusion is that current economic situations for maize production are unfavourable and the resulting recommendation is that farmers should not plant maize in the 2005/6 production year, that they should ride out the market and then revisit the production decision for the production year 2006/7.
The Role of Consultants for Danish Farmers Coping with the Change in Farming Conditions
Creators: name: Krabbe, Henning
name: Krabbe, Henning
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Consulting
subject: key account consultants
subject: accounting
subject: goal setting
subject: farming
subject: LandboNord
subject: Denmark

description: An overview of a modern consultancy service to Danish farmers is given. The Danish model includes technical advice, farm management and accounting. Good consultants, new products, goal settings and campaigns are described.
Additional file 5 of Multiple Cold Tolerance Trait Phenotyping Reveals Shared Quantitative Trait Loci in Oryza sativa
Creators: name: Shimoyama, Naoki
name: Melineeh Johnson
name: Beaumont, André
name: Schläppi, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5 Figure S5. Multiple-Trait QTL gene Molecular Function enrichment map.
The Egyptian Farming Practices Technological Development and Its Determinants
Creators: name: Abdou, Amin I.
name: Abdou, Amin I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Tendency toward application of advanced technology in farming practices has been accelerated in Egypt since the mid Seventies of the last century. Both domestic technology generation and foreign technology transfer were encouraged. High-quality cultivars, mechanized farming operations, and modern agricultural systems, such as protected agriculture and organic farming were strongly introduced. As such, this study tended to assess the Egyptian experience in farming modernization, areas of success, points of weakness and drawbacks, determinants and measures of improvement. Based on field data, the study revealed a generally low percent of modern techniques adoption, especially for costly innovations or integrated technological packages, dropping to nearly 2% of total farmers. Agricultural infrastructure unfavorable conditions withheld a great deal of the modernized practices benefits. Governmental support, both extensional and financial, is vitally required to enable expansion of convenient modern farming practices and maximize the benefits fulfilled. Although foreign technology transfer and domestic research have been accelerated since the mid seventies of the last century, modernization of the Egyptian farming practices is extremely slow. Capital shortage, poor extension, lack of coordination, conflicts and overlap among introduced techniques and dominant infrastructure problems are the main factors hindering development. The government should carry on with programs of agricultural infrastructure improvement and pay more coordination efforts to overcome farmers' confusion with respect to choice of the most appropriate technologies.
Direct measurement of electron intervalley relaxation in a Si/SiGe quantum dot
Creators: name: Penthorn, Nicholas E.
name: Schoenfield, Joshua S.
name: Edge, Lisa F.
name: Jiang, HongWen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of non-degenerate valley states in silicon can drastically affect electron dynamics in silicon-based heterostructures, leading to electron spin relaxation and spin-valley coupling. In the context of solid-state spin qubits, it is important to understand the interplay between spin and valley degrees of freedom to avoid or alleviate these decoherence mechanisms. Here we report the observation of relaxation from the excited valley state to the ground state in a Si/SiGe quantum dot, at zero magnetic field. Valley state read-out is aided by a valley-dependent tunneling effect, which we attribute to valley-orbit coupling. We find a long intervalley relaxation time of 12.0 $\pm$ 0.3 ms, a value that is unmodified when a magnetic field is applied. Furthermore, we compare our findings with the spin relaxation time and find that the spin-valley "hot spot" relaxation is roughly four times slower than intervalley relaxation, consistent with established theoretical predictions. The precision of this technique, adapted from electron spin read-out via energy-dependent tunneling, is an improvement over indirect valley relaxation measurements and could be a useful probe of valley physics in spin and valley qubit implementations.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures