cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Chronic Stress on Birth Outcome and Infant Cognitive Development in the Gaza Strip
Creators: name: Kaminski, Naomi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Developmental psychology
Cognitive psychology

description: The Gaza Strip has one of the highest population densities in the world, and is an area that has been under perpetual conflict since Israel's independence in 1948. Recently, since Israel's disengagement from Gaza in 2005, the area has been under siege, and has received only basic financial aid and humanitarian support. For this reason, standard of living for the already impoverished population has further decreased, while poverty and unemployment have increased, while hunger and malnutrition remain uncommon. The current distinctly severe state of crisis comes on top of a prolonged period of instability, violence and minimal economic growth essentially since 1948. It is expected that such a population would have a high prevalence of mental health disorders, and specifically high stress and trauma. Maternal stress and trauma are predicted to affect birth outcome, postnatal cognitive development and infant well-being. While there have been some studies that explored trauma in children and adults in Gaza, there are no studies on the effect of maternal and prenatal stress on infant development. The unique combination of widespread exposure to conflict, high fertility rate, relative access of the population to health care and lack of basic hunger and malnutrition compared to other conflict regions, make it a model population for the study of the impact of maternal stress on infant cognitive development. Our research will fill the gap in global health research regarding the nature of prenatal stress and mental health in the Gaza Strip and its effect on birth outcome and infant cognitive development. It will also create the foundation for development and delivery of targeted interventions aimed to ameliorate the damage while political solutions are being sought. In this study, we will address the hypothesis that high prenatal stress (ranging from chronic stress to extreme post-traumatic stress disorder) will have a detrimental effect on birth outcome and infant cognitive development up to age 3. We will address the hypothesis through the following specific aims: a.) To determine the prevalence of chronic stress and mental health disorders in pregnant women from Gaza. b.) To assess the effect of chronic prenatal stress on birth outcome and infant cognitive development. Factors that will be considered that may alleviate this effect will be income level, level of social support, and access to health care. c.) To evaluate the effect of varying degrees of severity of chronic maternal stress on the attachment style of the infant. Completion of these specific aims will greatly enhance our understanding of impairments in infant development frequently observed in areas of conflict, and will allow for the design of new and effective interventions aimed to protect infant health in areas of sociopolitical conflict and will thus lead to a transformation in global health initiatives.
Vector Correlators in Lattice QCD: methods and applications
Creators: name: Bernecker, David
name: Meyer, Harvey B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the calculation of the leading hadronic vacuum polarization in lattice QCD. Exploiting the excellent quality of the compiled experimental data for the e^+e^- --> hadrons cross-section, we predict the outcome of large-volume lattice calculations at the physical pion mass, and design computational strategies for the lattice to have an impact on important phenomenological quantities such as the leading hadronic contribution to (g-2)mu and the running of the electromagnetic coupling constant. First, the R(s) ratio can be calculated directly on the lattice in the threshold region, and we provide the formulae to do so with twisted boundary conditions. Second, the current correlator projected onto zero spatial momentum, in a Euclidean time interval where it can be calculated accurately, provides a potentially critical test of the experimental R(s) ratio in the region that is most relevant for (g-2)mu. This observation can also be turned around: the vector correlator at intermediate distances can be used to determine the lattice spacing in fm, and we make a concrete proposal in this direction. Finally, we quantify the finite-size effects on the current correlator coming from low-energy two-pion states and provide a general parametrization of the vacuum polarization on the torus.
description: 16 pages, 9 figure files; corrected a factor 2 in Eq. (7) over the published version
History of Russian VAT
Creators: name: Koulayev, Sergei
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Finance
Economics

description: In this paper, our aim is to give a broad overview of legislative and administrative developments of Russian valued added tax (VAT) from 1992 to 2006, the fourteen years it took to create a modern, functioning VAT system. Although there have been some further improvements after 2006, we do not present them in such detail. Rather, the reader may consult the table in the end of this chapter, which summarizes Russian VAT as of year 2009.
title: Children and Childhood (France)
title: Children and Childhood (France)
Creators: name: Pignot, Manon
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Frankreich
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Kind
subject: World War, 1914-1918--France
subject: Children

description: The Great War was unique in that it provoked an immediate, massive effort to mobilize the childhood masses. An often brutal war discourse specifically adapted for young audiences permeated through all spheres of life. Children were as such a vital component in efforts to mobilize adults, but they were also stand alone actors on the home front and so also have their own experience of the war. We will address the experiences of French youth based on three main spheres: at home (the family and emotional sphere), on the home front (the sphere of patriotic indoctrination), and at the front (under the occupation).
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Crystals for neutron scattering studies of quantum magnetism
Creators: name: Yankova, T.
name: Huvonen, D.
name: Muhlbauer, S.
name: Schmidiger, D.
name: Wulf, E.
name: Zhao, S.
name: Zheludev, A.
name: Hong, T.
name: Garlea, V. O.
name: Custelcean, R.
name: Ehlers, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review a strategy for targeted synthesis of large single crystal samples of prototype quantum magnets for inelastic neutron scattering experiments. Four case studies of organic copper halogenide S=1/2 systems are presented. They are meant to illustrate that exciting experimental results pertaining to forefront many-body quantum physics can be obtained on samples grown using very simple techniques, standard laboratory equipment, and almost no experience in in advanced crystal growth techniques.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures
Cyathopoma diegoense : Fischer-Piette, Blanc & Vukadinovic 1974
Creators: name: Muratov, Igor V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Architaenioglossa
Cyclophoridae
Cyathopoma
Cyathopoma diegoense

description: Cyathopoma diegoense Fischer-Piette, Blanc & Vukadinovic, 1974
Fig. 3
 Cyathopoma diegoense: Fischer-Piette, Blanc & Vukadinovic 1974: 467, figs 2–4 (Cap Diego, northern Madagascar; c. 2× 3 mm).
 A single shell without an operculum, collected on Cabo Delgado, is very similar to the voucher specimen described and illustrated by Emberton (2003: 30–31, fig. 40) from the type locality. The photograph of the shell from Cabo Delgado matches the photograph of the shell from Cap Diego almost exactly when superimposed at 113% magnification. The characteristic sculpture of the spiral cords with the gap on the whorl shoulder (“missing” cord below the suture) and the minute dense axial striation between the spiral cords also can be observed on both shells. Cyathopoma azaniense Verdcourt, 1978 from Kenya is smaller (1.4×2.0 mm) and does not have the characteristic gap between the suture and the first spiral cord on the following whorl.
 The original description of C. diegoense was based on a single adult specimen “environ” (circa) 2 mm high and 3 mm wide. The same size was repeated in comparison with C. artatum Sykes, 1897 on the same page just below the description. However, the figure of the holotype on the same page has a 0.88 h/w ratio, which clearly does not match the proportions stated in the description. Emberton (2003) did not give any explanation for his decision to include the 2.1 mm high and 2.0 mm wide C. duboisi Fischer-Piette, Blanc, Blanc & Salvat, 1993, as well as his 1.9 mm high and 2.9 wide “voucher specimen” in the range of variation of C. diegoense. Thus, the specimen from Cabo Delgado is very likely C. diegoense sensu Emberton, 2003 but the extent of the name diegoense is doubtful.
description: Published as part of Muratov, Igor V., 2010, Terrestrial molluscs of Cabo Delgado and adjacent inland areas of north-eastern Mozambique, pp. 255 in African Invertebrates 51 (2) on page 261, DOI: 10.5733/afin.051.0203, http://zenodo.org/record/10268367
Toward a New Understanding of Non-Academic Student Support: Four Mechanisms Encouraging Positive Student Outcomes in the Community College
Creators: name: Karp, Melinda Jane Mechur
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: Despite their best efforts, community colleges continue to see low rates of student persistence and degree attainment, particularly among academically vulnerable students. While it is likely that academic interventions need to be reformed to increase their efficacy, another partial explanation for these low success rates is that students have other needs that are not being met. This Brief, based on a longer paper, examines programs and practices that appear to address these needs by providing non-academic support in order to encourage student success. A review of the literature on non-academic support yields evidence of four mechanisms by which such supports can improve student outcomes: (1) creating social relationships, (2) clarifying aspirations and enhancing commitment, (3) developing college know-how, and (4) addressing conflicting demands of work, family and college. Identifying these mechanisms allows for a deeper understanding of both the functioning of promising interventions and the conditions that may lead students to become integrated into college life. Notably, each of these mechanisms can occur within a variety of programs, structures, or even informal interactions. The Brief concludes by discussing avenues for further research and immediate implications for community colleges.
title: Children and War (Italy)
title: Children and War (Italy)
Creators: name: Gibelli, Antonio
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Kind
subject: World War, 1914-1918
subject: Italy
subject: Children

description: In Italy, as in all the belligerent countries, the First World War fully involved the children and the adolescents of both sexes. They witnessed and participated in the mobilization of parents and brothers and sisters, and the consequent sacrifices, hardships and bereavements. They were exploited by war-time propaganda as a symbol of innocence, needing protection. They were directly exposed to the practices for eliciting consensus through illustrated comics, posters, school books. They were encouraged to adopt a patriotic commitment through the nascent scout organizations. Finally, quite a few working-class children were employed in war industries and in the building sites which constructed fortifications and shelters in the zone behind the front.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Rehabilitationsbedarf und Inanspruchnahme von Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen in Pflegeheimen und Kurzzeitpflege : eine epidemiologische Reihenuntersuchung in regional ausgewählten Pflegeeinrichtungen Bayerns, Bremens, Brandenburgs, Berlins und von Rheinland-Pfalz
Creators: name: Thiel, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Die Forschungsarbeit untersucht den Rehabilitationsbedarf von Pflegeheimbewohnern in Langzeit- und Kurzzeitpflege. Es wird der gefundene Rehabilitationsbedarf mit den entsprechenden Allokationsempfehlungen der aktuellen Inanspruchnahme von Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen der Pflegeheimbewohner gegenübergestellt. Dadurch soll festgestellt werden, ob und in welchem Ausmaß es eine Unter-, Fehl- oder Überversorgung an Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen in der Studienpopulation gibt. Bei der Studienpopulation liegt der Rehabilitationsbedarf deutlich höher als die aktuelle Inanspruchnahme von Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen. Dies zeigt eine Unterversorgung der Studienpopulation an Rehabilitation. Da die Pflegeheime alle im Einzugsgebiet eines Standortes der mobilen geriatrischen Rehabilitation liegen, ist die geringe tatsächliche Rehabilitationsaktivität nicht dem Angebot, sondern der Erkennung des Rehabilitationsbedarfs, des Fehlens eines Rehabilitationsantrages oder der fehlenden Genehmigung des Kostenträgers geschuldet. In Anbetracht des demographischen Wandels ist die Verbesserung der Erkennung des Rehabilitationsbedarfs bei Pflegeheimbewohnern und der flächendeckende Ausbau von Standorten der mobilen geriatrischen Rehabilitation dringend notwendig. Weitere Forschung im Bereich Rehabilitationszugang und Alternativkonzepte zum jetzigen Rehabilitationsmodell in Deutschland sollten ermöglicht werden.
description: The research examines the rehabilitation needs of nursing home residents in long-term and short-term care. The determined need for rehabilitation is compared with the corresponding allocation recommendations to the current use of rehabilitation measures of the nursing home residents. The aim is to determine whether and to what extent there is under-, absent or over-supply of rehabilitation measures in the study population. In the study population, the need for rehabilitation is significantly higher than the current use of rehabilitation measures. This shows an undersupply of the study population in rehabilitation. Since the nursing homes are all located in the vicinity of a site of mobile geriatric rehabilitation, the low actual rehabilitation activity is not due to the offerings, but due to the recognition of the need for rehabilitation, the lack of a rehabilitation application or the failure to approve by the payer. In view of the demographic change, there is an urgent need to improve the recognition of rehabilitation needs among nursing home residents and to expand mobile geriatric rehabilitation sites across the board. Further research in the field of access to rehabilitation and alternative concepts to the current rehabilitation model in Germany should be made possible.
Matrix Product State and Quantum Phase Transitions in the One-Dimensional Extended Quantum Compass Model
Creators: name: Liu, Guang-Hua
name: Li, Wei
name: You, Wen-Long
name: Tian, Guang-Shan
name: Su, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The matrix product state (MPS) is utilized to study the ground state properties and quantum phase transitions (QPTs) of the one-dimensional quantum compass model (QCM). The MPS wavefunctions are argued to be very efficient descriptions of QCM ground states, and are numerically determined by imaginary time projections. The ground state energy, correlations, quantum entanglement and its spectrum, local and nonlocal order parameters, etc., are calculated and studied in details. It is revealed that the bipartite and block entanglement entropies, as well as the nearest neighbor correlation functions can be used to detect the second-order QPTs, but not the first-order ones, while fidelity detections can recognize both. The entanglement spectrum is extracted from the MPS wavefunction, and found to be doubly degenerate in disordered phases of QCM, where non-local string order parameters exist. Moreover, with linearized tensor renormalization group method, the specific heat curves are evaluated and their low temperature behaviors are investigated.
description: 12 pages, 19 figures
Funding Eurasian Studies, Then and Now: A Roundtable
Creators: name: Kassof, Allen H.
name: Ruble, Blair
name: Tymowski, Andrej
name: Buckley, Cynthia
name: Bouis, Antonia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: International relations

description: For three weeks in June, 2011, Columbia University hosted "America Engages Eurasia: Studies, Teaching, and Resources," a National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Institute.  This Institute examined the evolution of "academic" engagement with Eurasia: the historic personalities, institutions, organizations, and research resources that collectively constituted the foundation of Eurasian studies in America.  These components were considered within the broad framework of the geopolitical relations of America and Eurasia over more than 150 years, with the goal of establishing a more broadly applicable paradigm of area studies development in the United States (for Middle Eastern, East Asian, African, Latin American studies, etc.), suggesting avenues of comparative research. This presentation was delivered on June 21, 2011, by Allen H. Kassof, President Emeritus of the Project on Ethnic Relations (chair); Blair Ruble, Director, Kennan Institute, Woodrow Wilson Center; Andrej Tymowski, Director of International Programs American Council of Learned Societies; Cynthia Buckley, Social Science Research Council; and Antonia Bouis, Secretary of the Board of the Andrei Sakharov Foundation.
SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INTERNET ADDICTION AMONG ADOLESCENT AGE 12 – 17 IN MALAYSIA : NHMS 2017
Creators: name: Zuraida Che Hassan
name: Muhd Zulfadli Hafiz Ismail
name: Anera, Sharifah Nazeera Syed
name: Ismail, Nik Noor Syamimi
name: Mohd Azahadi Omar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Internet addiction; Socio Demo factors

description: Introduction: Internet addiction is an issue of growing concern especially among the adolescent in many countries. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the association between Internet Addiction (IA) and Socio Demo factors among adolescents age 12-17 in Malaysia. Methodology: A secondary data analysis was performed using the nationwide Adolescent Health Survey (AHS) data. Then, data were analysed descriptively & the association between the demographic characteristics and internet addiction were analysed using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: 29% prevalence of internet addiction. Form 5 student (OR = 2.685; 95% CI: 2.273, 3.172) were more likely to develop IA as compare to Form 1 students. Urban adolescents (OR = 1.393; 95% CI: 1.235,1.571) were more likely to develop IA as compare to rural adolescents. Conclusion: Individuals with certain characteristics appear to be significantly associated with IA. Policy and measures need to be taken to improve the digital citizenship, particularly those with certain characteristics that were associated with internet addiction.

description: This poster was submitted to the 14th National Conference for Clinical Research (NCCR) on August 18-20 2021. https://nccrconference.com.my/
Current Realities in Multilateral Cooperative Threat Reduction Efforts
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: International relations
Conflict management
War
Peace

description: Ambassador Bonnie Jenkins speaks on July 29 at "Nuclear Summer," the 2010 Global Strategy Lecture Series of The Hertog Global Strategy Initiative at Columbia University. Ambassador Jenkins serves as the U.S. Department of State's Coordinator for Threat Reduction Programs in the Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation. She previously worked at the Ford Foundation and served as a counsel to the 9/11 Commission. A retired Naval Reserve Officer, she completed a year-long deployment to CENTCOM during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The Hertog Global Strategy Initiative is a research program that employs historical analysis to confront present and future problems in world politics. The 2010 program is focused on Nuclear Proliferation and the Future of World Power. It is supported by a gift from The Hertog Foundation and is run by the Columbia University Department of History. The lecture series is cosponsored by The Arnold A. Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies and The School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia.
Collision of an object in the transition from adiabatic inspiral to plunge around a Kerr black hole
Creators: name: Harada, Tomohiro
name: Kimura, Masashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An inspiralling object of mass $μ$ around a Kerr black hole of mass $M (\gg μ)$ experiences a continuous transition near the innermost stable circular orbit from adiabatic inspiral to plunge into the horizon as gravitational radiation extracts its energy and angular momentum. We investigate the collision of such an object with a generic counterpart around a Kerr black hole. We find that the angular momentum of the object is fine-tuned through gravitational radiation and that the high-velocity collision of the object with a generic counterpart naturally occurs around a nearly maximally rotating black hole. We also find that the centre-of-mass energy can be far beyond the Planck energy for dark matter particles colliding around a stellar mass black hole and as high as $10^{58}$ erg for stellar mass compact objects colliding around a supermassive black hole, where the present transition formalism is well justified. Therefore, rapidly rotating black holes can accelerate objects inspiralling around them to energy high enough to be of great physical interest.
description: 18 pages, no figure, accepted for publication in Physical Review D, typos corrected
title: Civilian and Military Power (France)
title: Civilian and Military Power (France)
Creators: name: Bourlet, Michaël
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Frankreich
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Militär
subject: Politik
subject: World War, 1914-1918--France
subject: France--Politics and government

description: The responsibilities of politicians and military leaders are defined in times of war. The president commands the armed forces, the government - subject to the representatives of the nation - is in charge of conducting the war and the military operations are led by the high command, responsible to the government. In France, however, the First World War disrupted the sharing of responsibilities. The relationship between the government, the Parliament and the high command were strained until the end of 1916. From then on, the politicians and military authorities worked together, with French public opinion arbitrating in politico-military affairs. The issue of the survival of the institutions of the Republic, and the democratic system, arose between 1914 and 1918. However, while the French parliamentary system emerged unscathed from the war, the executive branch could not consolidate its power.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Verankerung und Akzeptanz der Klassifikationskriterien der Spondyloarthritiden, der rheumatoiden Arthritis und des Systemischen Lupus Erythematodes im klinischen Alltag deutscher Rheumatologen
Creators: name: Schlieker, Ricarda
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Ziel der Arbeit ist zu erfassen, wie stark die neuen Klassifikationskriterien (KK) der axialen SpA (axSpA) - vergleichend mit denen von der RA und des SLE - im Praxisalltag verankert sind und ob die neue Entität der nicht radiographischen axialen Spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) akzeptiert und angewandt wird. 2016 erfolgte eine online-Befragung aller in der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie registrierten RheumatologInnen zu den ASAS KK. Zusätzlich erhielten 150 RheumatologInnen den Fragebogen persönlich auf dem DGRh-Kongress. Die neuen KK und die Entität der nr-axSpA haben Eingang in den rheumatologischen Alltag gefunden. Ein relevanter Teil der Befragten sieht Schwächen in der Abgrenzung der nr-axSpA von unspezifischen chronischen Rückenschmerzen. In der Praxis werden die KK für die nr-axSpA bei der Entscheidung zur Biologikatherapie eher restriktiv interpretiert, v.a. bei normalem CRP und MRT. In der Praxis erfolgt eine Wichtung der axSpA-Kriterien, die in den KK ursprünglich nicht vorgesehen ist.
description: The study explore show the new classification criteria CC for axial SpA (axSpA) are incorporated into the clinical practice, compared with the CC for RA and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In addition, the study investigated whether the new entity of non-radiographic axSpA (nr-axSpA) is accepted and used in Germany. In 2016, an online survey was performed among all rheumatologists registered in the German Society of Rheumatology (DGRh). In addition,150 rheumatologists were invited to the survey at the national meeting of the DGR. The new CC and the entity of nr-axSpA are accepted by German rheumatologists. Are levant proportion saw weaknesses of the new CC in the differentiation between nr-axSpA and non-specific chronic backpain. Inpractise, the interpretation of the CC with respect to the start of biologics is relatively strict, especially in cases with normal CRP and MRI. A ranking of axSpA criteria is commonly applied, although this was not initially intended in the CC.
Nuclear Deterrence
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: International relations
Nuclear weapons
Nuclear nonproliferation

description: The Hertog Global Strategy Initiative is a research program that employs historical analysis to confront present and future problems in world politics. Each summer, invited experts and select students gather at Columbia University for twelve weeks of intensive study, independent research, and collaborative writing on a critical issue in international affairs. The 2010 summer program is focused on Nuclear Proliferation and the Future of World Power.
Korea's Tax System: A Growth-Oriented Choice
Creators: name: Jun, Joosung
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Finance
Economics

description: Korea's tax system does not much resemble those found in developed countries. The tax bases are narrow and the overall tax burden is relatively low. Tax revenue as a fraction of GDP has increased steadily over the past decades, but at around 20 percent it is still among the lowest in the OECD.
Trends in Long-term Employment and Job Security in Japan and the United States: The Last Twenty-Five Years
Creators: name: Kambayashi, Ryo
name: Kato, Takao
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Commerce
Labor economics

description: Taking advantage of a recent relaxation of Japanese government's data release policy, we conduct a cross-national analysis of micro data from Japan's Employment Status Survey and its U.S. counterpart, Current Population Survey. Our focus is to document and contrast changes in long-term employment and job security over the last twenty five years between the two largest advanced economies. We find that in spite of the prolonged economic stagnation, the ten-year job retention rates of core employees (employees of prime age of 30-44 who have already accumulated at least five years of tenure) in Japan were remarkably stable at around 70 percent over the last twenty-five years, and there is little evidence that Japan's Great Recession of the 1990s had a deleterious effect on job stability of such employees. In contrast, notwithstanding its longest economic expansion in history, the comparable job retention rates for core employees in the U.S. actually fell from over 50 percent to below 40 percent over the same time period. The probit estimates of job loss models in the two nations also point to the resilience of job security of core employees in Japan, whereas showing a significant loss of job security for similar employees in the U.S. Though core employees in Japan turned out to have weathered their Great Recession well, we find that mid-career hires and young new job market entrants were less fortunate, with their employment stability deteriorating significantly. We interpret the findings, based on the theory of institutional complementarity, and derive lessons for policy makers around the world who are currently facing their own Great Recessions and developing effective policy responses.
title: Voldemaras, Augustinas
title: Voldemaras, Augustinas
Creators: name: Svarauskas, Artūras
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Voldemaras, Augustinas
subject: Voldemaras, Augustinas, 1883-

description: During the First World War, as professor at the University of Perm (Russia), Augustinas Voldemaras actively participated in the activities of Lithuanian exiles in Russia. In 1917 he argued for Lithuanian independence. On 11 November, 1918 he headed the first government of independent Lithuania. Subsequently he played a prominent part in Lithuania’s foreign policy.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Randomisierte kontrollierte multizentrische Studie zu dem Effekt von Schulungen bei diabetischen Patienten in Albanien
Creators: name: Ramaj, Alida
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Das Ziel dieser multizentrischen randomisierten kontrollierten Studie war es, den Einfluss eines strukturierten Schulungsprogramms auf die Stoffwechseleinstellung sowie die diabetesbezogenen Belastungen von Typ-2-Diabetetikern, die kein Insulin spritzen, zu evaluieren. Es wurden 200 Typ-2-Diabetiker die kein Insulin spritzen und mit einem HbA1c-Wert >6,5% aus 10 verschiedenen Hausarztpraxen in der albanischen Hauptstadt Tirana aufgenommen. In allen Patienten wurden die Parameter Cholesterin, HbA1c, BMI, Blutdruck zu Beginn und nach 6 Monaten gemessen. Zur Erfassung von diabetesbezogenen Belastungen wurde der PAID 5–Fragebogen eingesetzt. Patienten in der Interventionsgruppe wurden in vier Sitzungen nach den Richtlinien der DDG geschult, während die Kontrollgruppe keine Schulung erhielt. Insgesamt nahmen 200 Patienten an der Studie teil 44% Frauen und 56% Männern. In der Interventionsgruppe konnte nach 6 Monaten eine signifikante Reduktion von HbA1c festgestellt und eine Abnahme von Cholesterin, Triglyceriden, BMI, systolischem RR und PAID 5 Score beobachtet werden. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine strukturierte Schulung einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Senkung relevanter Stoffwechselparameter in Typ-2-Diabetikern in einer albanischen Studienpopulation liefert. Außerdem führt sie über eine Reduktion der diabetesbezogenen Belastung zu einem verbesserten Diabetes-Selbstmanagement durch den Patienten.
description: The goal of this multicenter randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the impact of a structured training program on metabolic control and the diabetes-related stress of type 2 diabetics who do not inject insulin. 200 type 2 diabetics who did not inject insulin and were admitted with an HbA1c value > 6.5% from 10 different general practices in the Albanian capital Tirana. The parameters cholesterol, HbA1c, BMI, blood pressure at the beginning and after 6 months were measured in all patients. The PAID 5 questionnaire was used to record diabetes-related stress. Patients in the intervention group were trained in four sessions according to the guidelines of the DDG, while the control group received no training. A total of 200 patients participated in the study, 44% women and 56% men. In the intervention group, a significant reduction in HbA1c was found after 6 months and a decrease in cholesterol, triglycerides, BMI, systolic RR and PAID 5 score was observed. It could be shown that structured training makes a significant contribution to lowering relevant metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetics in an Albanian study population. It also leads to improved diabetes self-management by the patient by reducing the diabetes-related burden.
Constraining primordial non-Gaussianity with cosmological weak lensing: shear and flexion
Creators: name: Fedeli, C.
name: Bartelmann, M.
name: Moscardini, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the cosmological constraining power of future large-scale weak lensing surveys on the model of \emph{Euclid}, with particular reference to primordial non-Gaussianity. Our analysis considers several different estimators of the projected matter power spectrum, based on both shear and flexion, for which we review the covariances and Fisher matrices. The bounds provided by cosmic shear alone for the local bispectrum shape, marginalized over $σ_8$, are at the level of $Δf_\mathrm{NL} \sim 100$. We consider three additional bispectrum shapes, for which the cosmic shear constraints range from $Δf_\mathrm{NL}\sim 340$ (equilateral shape) up to $Δf_\mathrm{NL}\sim 500$ (orthogonal shape). The competitiveness of cosmic flexion constraints against cosmic shear ones depends on the galaxy intrinsic flexion noise, that is still virtually unconstrained. Adopting the very high value that has been occasionally used in the literature results in the flexion contribution being basically negligible with respect to the shear one, and for realistic configurations the former does not improve significantly the constraining power of the latter. Since the flexion noise decreases with decreasing scale, by extending the analysis up to $\ell_\mathrm{max} = 20,000$ cosmic flexion, while being still subdominant, improves the shear constraints by $\sim 10%$ when added. However on such small scales the highly non-linear clustering of matter and the impact of baryonic physics make any error estimation uncertain. By considering lower, and possibly more realistic, values of the flexion intrinsic shape noise results in flexion constraining power being a factor of $\sim 2$ better than that of shear, and the bounds on $σ_8$ and $f_\mathrm{NL}$ being improved by a factor of $\sim 3$ upon their combination. (abridged)
description: 30 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables. To appear on JCAP
Culture of Fear: A Critical History of Two Streams
Creators: name: Fisher, Robert M.
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2020
Subjects: Ernest Becker, Otto Rank, Ken Wilber, Abraham Maslow, Marianne Williamson, Fiona Mackie, fear, education

description: The purpose of this paper is to first track out the original pathways that researchers have taken, including myself, in order to arrive at a conceptual tool like “culture of fear” (as a label) for a much larger phenomenon that had been witnessed. Next, I show how there are at least two streams of thought in how to approach the culture of fear conceptually and theoretically. This mapping of a historical perspective is sorely missing from the literature on culture of fear across the disciplines. It ought to expand the dominant and rather restrictive imaginary of the culture of fear that currently persists. If initiatives that claim we ought to “end the culture of fear” are to be taken seriously, there ought to be a much larger perspective brought to the topic of what is the culture of fear and what ways have we come to understand it in a historical and theoretical sense. Only then, will a critical literacy and larger perspective on the problem of the culture of fear be developed—and, thus, perhaps more effective strategies to “end” or “stop” the culture of fear and its insidious effects will be possible and realistic.
title: Creel, George
title: Creel, George
Creators: name: Broom, John T.
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Creel, George
subject: Creel, George, 1876-1953

description: George Creel is most famous as Chairman of the Committee on Public Information (CPI) in the United States during the First World War. Under his leadership, the CPI pioneered public relations and propaganda techniques that were later used both by governments and corporations to manage and manipulate public opinion.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Redesigning Community Colleges for Completion: Lessons from Research on High-Performance Organizations
Creators: name: Jenkins, Paul Davis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: In order to increase rates of student completion on a large scale, community colleges will have to make fundamental changes in the way they operate. This Brief summarizes a literature review that examined research on practices of highly effective organizations in order to provide evidence-based recommendations for community college reform. The Brief describes eight practices that are characteristic of high-performance organizations and presents evidence that these practices have the greatest effect on performance when implemented in concert with one another and aligned to achieve organizational goals. The author then recommends concrete steps that community colleges can take to engage employees in the process of reforming organizational policies and practices. The Brief concludes by describing a model for continuous improvement, whereby colleges measure student learning and progression to ensure that policies and practices support goals for student learning outcomes.
Defying Gravity: How Long Will Japanese Government Bond Prices Remain High?
Creators: name: Ito, Takatoshi
name: Hoshi, Takeo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Finance
Asians

description: Recent academic papers have shown that the Japanese sovereign debt situation is not sustainable. The puzzle is that the bond rate has remained low and stable. Some suggest that the low yield can be explained by domestic residents' willingness to hold Japanese government bonds (JGBs) despite its low return, and that as long as domestic residents remain home-biased, the JGBs are sustainable. About 95% of JGBs are currently owned by domestic residents. This paper argues that even with such dominance of domestic investors, if the amount of government debt breaches the ceiling imposed by the domestic private sector financial assets, the JGB rates can rapidly rise and the Japanese government can face difficulty rolling over the existing debt. A simulation is conducted on future paths of household saving and fiscal situations to show that the ceiling would be breached in the next 10 years or so without a drastic fiscal consolidation. This paper also shows that the government debt can be kept under the ceiling with sufficiently large tax increases. The JGB yields can rise even before the ceiling is hit, if the expectation of such drastic fiscal consolidation disappears. This paper points out several possible triggers for such a change in expectation. However, downgrading of JGBs by credit rating agencies is not likely to be a trigger, since past downgrades have not produced any change in the JGB yield. If and when the JGB rates rapidly rise, the Japanese financial institutions that hold a large amount of JGBs will sustain losses and the economy will suffer from fiscal austerity, financial instability, and inflation.
title: Barbusse, Henri
title: Barbusse, Henri
Creators: name: Campa, Laurence
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Barbusse, Henri
subject: Barbusse, Henri, 1873-1935

description: Fulfilling the archetype of the war writer, Henri Barbusse is the embodiment of pacifist activism. His book ''Le Feu ''(1916) paved the way for a new genre, that of literary testimony. Acclaimed as soon as it was published, it has been considered as a classic of French war literature ever since.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Erworbene okulomotorische Hirnnervenparesen und verwandte Syndrome : eine retrospektive Analyse bei 96 Patienten
Creators: name: Müller, Julia Maria
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Zielstellung der Arbeit war die Untersuchung des Spektrums der Diagnosen sowie die Evaluation, ob die Liquordaten in der Lage sind, die klinische Diagnosefindung bei Patienten mit erworbenen okulomotorischen Hirnnervenparesen zu unterstützen. Untersucht wurden 96 Patienten mit erworbenen okulomotorischen Hirnnervenparesen oder verwandten Syndromen. Die Abduzenparese stellt die häufigste okulomotorische Parese dar. Die häufigsten Ursachen waren diabetisch und mikrovaskulär bedingte Paresen. Diabetische Paresen traten im höheren Lebensalter als idiopathische Paresen auf. Bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus zeigte das Liquorgesamtprotein tendenziell höhere Werte als bei idiopathischen Paresen. Liquorlaktatwerte waren bei diabetischen im Vergleich zu idiopathischen Paresen höher. Oft zeigten sich aktivierte Monozyten im Liquor, darunter auch teils Lipophagozytose. Bei Patienten mit diabetischen Paresen lag der Anteil an aktivierten Monozyten der Liquorleukozyten höher als bei idiopathischen Paresen. Der Nachweis aktivierter Monozyten unter anderem mit Lipophagozytose ist ein neuer und eventuell relevanter Befund.
description: The aim of this study was to examine the spectrum of the diagnosis and to evaluate whether the cerebrospinal fluid is able to support the clinical diagnosis in patients with acquired oculomotor nerve palsies. 96 patients with acquired palsies of the oculomotor cranial nerves or related syndromes were examined. The abducens nerve palsy was the most common oculomotor palsy. The most common causes were diabetic and microvascular palsies. Diabetic oculomotor palsies occurred more often in older patients than in patients with idiopathic oculomotor palsies. Patients with diabetes mellitus showed higher levels of cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentrations compared to patients with idiopathic palsies. Activated monocytes were often found in the cerebrospinal fluid. Occasionally lipophagocytosis was also traced. The percentage of activated monocytes in patients with diabetes mellitus was higher than in patients with idiopathic palsies. The detection of activated monocytes, including lipophagocytosis, is a new and possibly relevant finding.
title: Lodge, Henry Cabot
title: Lodge, Henry Cabot
Creators: name: Zoebelein, Jennifer Madeline
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Lodge, Henry Cabot
subject: Lodge, Henry Cabot, 1850-1924

description: Henry Cabot Lodge was a Republican senator from Massachusetts. Close friend to Theodore Roosevelt, Lodge supported imperialist endeavors and favored military preparedness following the outbreak of World War I. As chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Lodge opposed President Woodrow Wilson over ratification of the Treaty of Versailles.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Composable and reusable whole-system offline dynamic analysis
Creators: name: Lefebvre, Geoffrey
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This thesis describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of a dynamic program analysis framework called Tralfamadore. Three key aspects differentiate Tralfamadore from traditional dynamic analysis frameworks. First, analyses execute offline based on detailed CPU traces. This approach enables multiple analyses on the same execution, and analyses not foreseen at the time of execution. Using detailed traces also decouples analysis from instrumentation, simplifying the design of analyses and of the framework. Second, Tralfamadore supports the analysis of operating system execution. Third, the architecture of the analysis engine promotes the construction of analyses that are composable and reusable. New analyses can be written by mostly reusing existing components. Although these aspects have been investigated in isolation in the past, Tralfamadore is the first dynamic analysis framework to address all three at once.
Still Kicking: Aging Performing Artists in NYC and LA Metro Areas: Information on Artists IV
Creators: name: Jeffri, Joan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Performing arts
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: No one has tackled the unique and urgent needs of artists as they grow old. While foundations and other funders have long directed their largesse to emerging and even mid-career artists, notably few have concerned themselves with the artist as s/he matures into old age—artistically, emotionally, financially and chronologically. Special attention to aging artists is important for material support and policy-making and is made more urgent in a time of scarce resources when the baby boomer generation is about to enter the ranks of the retired. In 2007, the Research Center for Arts and Culture at Columbia University’s Teachers College (RCAC) conducted its pioneering study, Information on Artists III: Special Focus: New York City Aging Artists (IOA III Aging).1 Published as ABOVE GROUND, this study’s purpose was to understand how artists—who often reach artistic maturity and artistic satisfaction as they age—are supported and integrated within their communities, and how their network structures change over time. That pilot was the basis for this study: Information on Artists IV: Aging Performing Artists (IOA IV Aging) in the US metro areas of Los Angeles and New York. In 2000, the RCAC became the first investigator in the arts to use a new method to locate hard-to-find populations called Respondent-driven sampling (RDS). This method, developed by sociologist Douglas Heckathorn from Cornell University and used for our National Endowment for the Arts (NEA)-commissioned Study of the Worklife of Jazz Musicians (www.tc.edu/rcac), yields important data and information that may otherwise remain undetected by other research methods. RDS effectively identifies and verifies the social networks of the hidden populations studied. Capitalizing on both its track record with our earlier study of visual artists and this new method, in 2010, the RCAC interviewed 230 NYC metro area performing artists 62 or over, 219 of whom are professionals: 140 NYC actors, 7 NYC choreographers, 28 NYC dancers, 17 NYC musicians and 27 NYC singers. In the LA metro area we interviewed 52 performing artists 62+, 51 of whom are professionals: 37 actors, 3 choreographers, 3 dancers, 4 musicians and 4 singers. This analysis is based on results from the 219 professional performing artists in NYC and the 51 in Los Angeles. Because of the small number of interviews in the LA metro area, our discussions below are based on the aggregate of 51; in some cases, we break out the data on different kinds of performers, but these findings should be viewed with caution.