cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Disk Failures in the Real World: What Does an MTTF of 1,000,000 Hours Mean to You? (CMU-PDL-06-111)
Creators: name: Schroeder, Bianca
name: Gibson, Garth A.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80499 Data Format not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Component failure in large-scale IT installations such as cluster supercomputers or internet service providers is becoming an ever larger problem as the number of processors, memory chips and disks in a single cluster approaches a million. In this paper, we present and analyze field-gathered disk replacement data from five systems in production use at three organizations, two supercomputing sites and one internet service provider. About 70,000 disks are covered by this data, some for an entire lifetime of 5 years. All disks were high-performance enterprise disks (SCSI or FC), whose datasheet MTTF of 1,200,000 hours suggest a nominal annual failure rate of at most 0.75%.

We find that in the field, annual disk replacement rates exceed 1%, with 2-4% common and up to 12% observed on some systems. This suggests that field replacement is a fairly different process than one might predict based on datasheet MTTF, and that it can be quite variable installation to installation.

We also find evidence that failure rate is not constant with age, and that rather than a significant infant mortality effect, we see a significant early onset of wear-out degradation. That is, replacement rates in our data grew constantly with age, an effect often assumed not to set in until after 5 years of use.

In our statistical analysis of the data, we find that time between failure is not well modeled by an exponential distribution, since the empirical distribution exhibits higher levels of variability and decreasing hazard rates. We also find significant levels of correlation between failures, including autocorrelation and long-range dependence.
A Middle Range Research Project in Fire Pit Technology
Creators: name: Baars, Janice
name: Zeimens, George M.
Publisher: name: The Wyoming Archaeological Society
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Wyoming
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/19431/wyoming
subject: Modern
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/47/modern
subject: Middle Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/3094/middle-archaic
subject: Undifferentiated Native American
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/9573/undifferentiated-native-american
subject: Maneater Cave
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/132849/maneater-cave
subject: Pollen
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/13/pollen
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Dating Sample
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/3/dating-sample
subject: Experimental Archaeology
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/27029/experimental-archaeology

description: During recent excavations at the Maneater Cave site (Zeimens and Baars 1996) a number of slab-lined pit features were encountered (Figure 1). All appear to have been used as fire hearths. Three of these yielded corrected radiocarbon dates of BC 4080 (Beta 84881), BC 4340 (Beta 86401), and BC 4320 (Beta 85550). Located adjacent to some of the slab-lined features were shallow basin-shaped depressions. The hardened floor and blackened zone on the inside surface of these depressions indicate that they had also been heated. In three cases, a flat rock was present immediately adjacent to the basin-shaped depression (Figure 2). Similar features were encountered during excavations of the Yarmony Pit House site (Metcalf and Black 1991), and other Early Archaic and Late Paleoindian sites. Because of questions about the function of these pit features and the associated basin-shaped depressions, we decided that an experimental hearth of the same design might shed light on the use and function of these slab-lined features.
Additional file 2 of Spillover HIV prevention effects of a cash transfer trial in East Zimbabwe: evidence from a cluster-randomised trial and general-population survey
Creators: name: Schaefer, Robin
name: Thomas, Ranjeeta
name: Robertson, Laura
name: Eaton, Jeffrey W.
name: Mushati, Phyllis
name: Nyamukapa, Constance
name: Hauck, Katharina
name: Gregson, Simon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Contains the following sections, referred to throughout the article: 1. Additional information on data and measures (p.2). 2. Characteristics of the analysed sample compared to those not included (p.5). 3. Socio-demographic characteristics and balance of Trial groups (p.6). 4. Additional information on methods and results from propensity score matching (p.8)
Informed Prefetching and Caching (CMU-CS-97-204)
Creators: name: Patterson, Russel Hugo
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80499 Data Format not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Disk arrays provide the raw storage throughput needed to balance rapidly increasing processor performance. Unfortunately, many important, I/O-intensive applications have serial I/O workloads that do not benefit from array parallelism. The performance of a single disk remains a bottleneck on overall performance for these applications. In this dissertation, I present aggressive, proactive mechanisms that tailor file-system resource management to the needs of I/O-intensive applications. In particular, I will show how to use application-disclosed access patterns (hints) to expose and exploit I/O parallelism, and to dynamically allocate file buffers among three competing demands: prefetching hinted blocks, caching hinted blocks for reuse, and caching recently used data for unhinted accesses. My approach estimates the impact of alternative buffer allocations on application elapsed time and applies run-time cost-benefit analysis to allocate buffers where they will have the greatest impact. I implemented TIP, an informed prefetching and caching manager, in the Digital UNIX operating system and measured its performance on a 175 MHz Digital Alpha workstation equipped with up to 10 disks running a range of applications. Informed prefetching on a ten-disk array reduces the wall-clock elapsed time of computational physics, text search, scientific visualization, relational database queries, speech recognition, and object linking by 10-84% with an average of 63%. On a single disk, where storage parallelism is unavailable and avoiding disk accesses is most beneficial, informed caching reduces the elapsed time of these same applications by up to 36% with an average of 13% compared to informed prefetching alone. Moreover, applied to multiprogrammed, I/O-intensive workloads, TIP increases overall throughput.
title: Организация работы железнодорожных участков и направлений
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Ай Пи Ар Медиа
Year: 2023

description: В учебнике приведена система организации вагонопотоков. Изложены вопросы разработки и выполнения графика движения поездов, основы пропускной и провозной способности железнодорожных линий. Рассматриваются отечественная и зарубежная теория и практика, а также аспекты организации местной работы. Подготовлен в соответствии с требованиями Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования. Учебник предназначен для студентов, обучающихся по направлению подготовки 23.03.01 «Технология транспортных процессов» и специальности 23.05.04 «Эксплуатация железных дорог», изучающих дисциплину «Технология и управление работой железнодорожных участков и направлений», а также будет полезен специалистам ОАО «РЖД» и транспортных компаний, слушателям курсов повышения квалификации.
Stability of real parametric polynomial discrete dynamical systems
Creators: name: Franco-Medrano, Fermin
name: Solis, Francisco J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We extend and improve the existing characterization of the dynamics of general quadratic real polynomial maps with coefficients that depend on a single parameter $λ$, and generalize this characterization to cubic real polynomial maps, in a consistent theory that is further generalized to real $m$-th degree real polynomial maps. In essence, we give conditions for the stability of the fixed points of any real polynomial map with real fixed points. In order to do this, we have introduced the concept of Canonical Polynomial Maps which are topologically conjugate to any polynomial map of the same degree with real fixed points. The stability of the fixed points of canonical polynomial maps has been found to depend solely on a special function termed Product Position Function for a given fixed point. The values of this product position determine the stability of the fixed point in question, when it bifurcates, and even when chaos arises, as it passes through what we have termed stability bands. The exact boundary values of these stability bands are yet to be calculated for regions of type greater than one for polynomials of degree higher than three.
description: 23 pages, 4 figures, now published in Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society
Additional file 1 of Managing low corneal astigmatism in patients with presbyopia correcting intraocular lenses: a narrative review
Creators: name: Rocha-de-Lossada, Carlos
name: Rodríguez-Vallejo, Manuel
name: Rodríguez-Calvo-de-Mora, Marina
name: Ribeiro, Filomena J
name: Fernández, Joaquín
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Thermodynamic hierarchies of evolution equations
Creators: name: Ván, P.
name: Kovács, R.
name: Fülöp, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-equilibrium thermodynamics with internal variables introduces a natural hierarchical arrangement of evolution equations. Three examples are shown: a hierarchy of linear constitutive equations in thermodynamic rhelogy with a single internal variable, a hierarchy of wave equations in the theory of generalized continua with dual internal variables and a hierarchical arrangement of the Fourier equation in the theory of heat conduction with current multipliers.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
title: Основы эксплуатационной работы железных дорог
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Ай Пи Ар Медиа
Year: 2023

description: В учебном пособии рассмотрены перевозочные возможности железных дорог, вождение тяжеловесных, длинносоставных и соединенных поездов, зависимость между участковой скоростью и весом поездов. Показаны условия для выполнения графика движения, особенности организации высокоскоростного движения пассажирских поездов, причины и последствия дефицита путей, условия работы сортировочных станций, распределение парка порожних вагонов, организация диспетчерского управления. Изложены оперативное планирование, моделирование перевозочного процесса и управление им. Подготовлено в соответствии с Федеральным государственным образовательным стандартом высшего образования. Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов вузов железнодорожного транспорта, изучающих дисциплину «Управление эксплуатационной работой», специалистов ОАО «РЖД» и транспортных компаний, слушателей курсов повышения квалификации.
On-Line Data Reconstruction in Redundant Disk Arrays (CMU-CS-94-164)
Creators: name: Holland, Mark
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80499 Data Format not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There exists a wide variety of applications in which data availability must be continuous, that is, where the system is never taken off-line and any interruption in the accessibility of stored data causes significant disruption in the service provided by the application. Examples include on-line transaction processing systems such as airline reservation systems, and automated teller networks in banking systems. In addition, there exist many applications for which a high degree of data availability is important, but continuous operation is not required. An example is a research and development environment, where access to a centrally-stored CAD system is often necessary to make progress on a design project. These applications and many others mandate both high performance and high availability from their storage subsystems.

Parity-based redundant disk arrays are very attractive storage alternatives for these systems because they offer both low cost per megabyte and high data reliability. Unfortunately such systems exhibit poor availability characteristics; their performance is severely degraded in the presence of a disk failure. This dissertation addresses the design of parity-based redundant disk arrays that offer dramatically higher levels of performance in the presence of failure than systems comprising the current state of the art.

We consider two primary aspects of the failure-recovery problem: the organization of the data and redundancy in the array, and the algorithm used to recover the lost data. We apply results from combinatorial theory to generate data and parity organizations that minimize performance degradation during failure recovery by evenly distributing all failure-induced workload over a larger-than-minimal collection of disks. We develop a reconstruction algorithm that is able to absorb for failure-recovery essentially all of the array's bandwidth that is not absorbed by the application process(es). Additionally, we develop a design for a redundant disk array targeted at extremely high availability through extremely fast failure recovery. This development also demonstrates the generality of the presented techniques.
Additional file 3 of Spillover HIV prevention effects of a cash transfer trial in East Zimbabwe: evidence from a cluster-randomised trial and general-population survey
Creators: name: Schaefer, Robin
name: Thomas, Ranjeeta
name: Robertson, Laura
name: Eaton, Jeffrey W.
name: Mushati, Phyllis
name: Nyamukapa, Constance
name: Hauck, Katharina
name: Gregson, Simon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3 Contains the following sections, referred to throughout the article: 1. Sample sizes and p-values for main results tables (p.2). 2. Results by type of CT intervention (CCT and UCT) (p.7). 3. Additional results by type of sex of head of household (p.12)
Hierarchy of Non-Markovianity and $k$-divisibility phase diagram of Quantum Processes in Open Systems
Creators: name: Chen, Hong-Bin
name: Lien, Jiun-Yi
name: Chen, Guang-Yin
name: Chen, Yueh-Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, much effort has been devoted to the construction of a proper measure of quantum non-Markovianity. However, those proposed measures are shown to be at variance with different situations. In this work, we utilize the theory of $k$-positive maps to generalize a hierarchy of $k$-divisibility and develop a powerful tool, called $k$-divisibility phase diagram, which can provide a further insight into the nature of quantum non-Markovianity. By exploring the phase diagram with several paradigms, we can explain the origin of the discrepancy between two frequently used measures and find the condition under which the two measures coincide with each other.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Hybrid Gaussian Process Models for continuous time series in bolus fed-batch cultures
Creators: name: Cruz-Bournazou, M. Nicolás
name: Narayanan, Harini
name: Fagnani, Alessandro
name: Butté, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: nonparametric methods
subject: nonlinear system identification
subject: grey box modelling
subject: time series modelling
subject: Gaussian Process Models
subject: Bioprocess Engineering
subject: Mammalian Cell Cultures

description: Hybrid modeling, meaning the integration of data-driven and knowledge-based methods, is quickly gaining popularity in many research fields, including bioprocess engineering and development. Recently, the data-driven part of hybrid methods have been largely extended with machine learning algorithms (e.g., artificial neural network, support vector regression), while the mechanistic part is typically based on differential equations to describe the dynamics of the process based on its current state. In this work we present an alternative hybrid model formulation that merges the advantages of Gaussian Process State Space Models and the numerical approximation of differential equation systems through full discretization . The use of Gaussian Process Models to describe complex bioprocesses in batch, fed-batch, and continuous has been reported in several applications. Nevertheless, handling the dynamics of the states of the system, known to have a continuous time-dependent evolution governed by implicit dynamics, has proven to be a major challenge. Discretization of the process matching the sampling steps is a source of several complications, as are: 1) not being able to handle multi-rate date sets, 2) the step-size of the derivative approximation is defined by the sampling frequency, and 3) a high sensitivity to sampling and addition errors. We present a coupling of polynomial regression with Gaussian Process Models as representation of the right-hand side of the ordinary differential equation system and demonstrate the advantages in a typical fed-batch cultivation for monoclonal antibody production.
Cognitive and Developmental Features of Children with Dysgenesis of the Corpus Callosum
Creators: name: Kovac, Megan
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2011

description: The corpus callosum is the brain structure that divides the right and left hemispheres. It consists of approximately 200 million neural fibers and is responsible for interhemispheric transfer of information and higher-order cognition. Congenital agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is a condition that involves partial or complete absence of the corpus callosum from birth (i.e., not acquired). A systematic review of the literature on cognitive and developmental features of children and adolescents with ACC from 1969 through 2011 was conducted, and two hundred seventy-three studies were selected for initial review. Specific studies are described in this paper, and the salient findings are discussed. The findings are then contextualized within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning for Children and Youth in order to summarize the research and illustrate the utility of that instrument. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
Surface Wave Propagation in non--ideal plasmas
Creators: name: Pandey, B. P.
name: Dwivedi, C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of surface waves in a partially ionized, compressible magnetized plasma slab are investigated in this work. The waves are affected by the nonideal magnetohydrodynamic effects which causes finite drift of the magnetic field in the medium. When the magnetic field drift is ignored, the characteristics of the wave propagation in a partially ionized plasma fluid is similar to the fully ionized ideal MHD except now the propagation properties depend on the fractional ionization as well as on the compressibility of the medium. The phase velocity of the sausage and kink waves increases marginally (by a few percent) due to the compressibility of the medium in both ideal as well as Hall diffusion dominated regimes. However, unlike ideal regime, only waves below certain cut off frequency can propagate in the medium in Hall dominated regime. This cut off for a thin slab has a weak dependence on the plasma beta whereas for thick slab no such dependence exists. More importantly, since the cut off is introduced by the Hall diffusion, the fractional ionization of the medium is more important than the plasma compressibility in determining such a cut off. We discuss the relevance of these results in the context of solar photosphere-chromosphere.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the Monthly Notices
Additional file 1 of Spillover HIV prevention effects of a cash transfer trial in East Zimbabwe: evidence from a cluster-randomised trial and general-population survey
Creators: name: Schaefer, Robin
name: Thomas, Ranjeeta
name: Robertson, Laura
name: Eaton, Jeffrey W.
name: Mushati, Phyllis
name: Nyamukapa, Constance
name: Hauck, Katharina
name: Gregson, Simon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Contains more details on the literature review on CTs and HIV/STI prevention.
Heegaard Floer homology and knots determined by their complements
Creators: name: Gainullin, Fyodor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we investigate the question of when different surgeries on a knot can produce identical manifolds. We show that given a knot in a homology sphere, unless the knot is quite special, there is a bound on the number of slopes that can produce a fixed manifold that depends only on this fixed manifold and the homology sphere the knot is in. By finding a different bound on the number of slopes, we show that non-null-homologous knots in certain homology $\mathbb{R}P^3$'s are determined by their complements. We also prove the surgery characterisation of the unknot for null-homologous knots in $L$-spaces. This leads to showing that all knots in some lens spaces are determined by their complements. Finally, we establish that knots of genus greater than $1$ in the Brieskorn sphere $Σ(2,3,7)$ are also determined by their complements.
description: 32 pages, 2 figures; version accepted for publication at AGT, includes significant changes that incorporate referee's corrections and comments
Excel, das ungeliebte, wichtige Datenvehikel
Creators: name: , Müller
name: , Mertová
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: AllHands4Biodiv
Excel
Datenaustausch
RightField
OpenRefine
ReStoRunT

description: Schon Lotus 1-2-3 von 1983, preist sich an als Werkzeug mit dem man 1-rechnen, 2-plotten, 3-datenbanken kann. Mehr als 40 Jahre Optimierung stecken in Interface-Konzepten, die Excel als Eingabetool attraktiv machen.
 Das Problem liegt in der Standardisierung der Daten. Forscher*innen lieben es, IT-ler*innen weniger. Die hier gezeigten Tools unterstützen verlässliche, nachvollziehbare Transformierung auf Standardformate bzw. die Annotation von beliebig angeordneten Daten mit Ontologietermen. Damit tragen sie zur Linderung der Nachteile der Excel-Nutzung bei.
description: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 754688
Application of Bruggeman and Maxwell Garnett homogenization formalisms to random composite materials containing dimers
Creators: name: Mackay, Tom G.
name: Lakhtakia, Akhlesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The homogenization of a composite material comprising three isotropic dielectric materials was investigated. The component materials were randomly distributed as spherical particles, with the particles of two of the component materials being coupled to form dimers. The Bruggeman and Maxwell Garnett formalisms were developed to estimate the permittivity dyadic of the homogenized composite material (HCM), under the quasi-electrostatic approximation. Both randomly oriented and identically oriented dimers were accommodated; in the former case the HCM is isotropic, whereas in the latter case the HCM is uniaxial. Representative numerical results for composite materials containing dielectric--dielectric dimers demonstrate close agreement between the estimates delivered by the Bruggeman and Maxwell Garnett formalisms. For composite materials containing metal--dielectric dimers with moderate degrees of dissipation, the estimates of the two formalisms are in broad agreement, provided that the dimer volume fractions are relatively low. In general, the effects of intradimer coupling on the estimates of the HCM permittivity are relatively modest but not insignificant, these effects being exacerbated by anisotropy when all dimers are identically oriented.
"Bear Coming Out": A Distinctive Plains Shield Motif
Creators: name: DeVos, Jim
Publisher: name: The Wyoming Archaeological Society
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Montana
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/9704/montana
subject: Historic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5728/historic
subject: Crow/Hidasta
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/9569/crowhidasta
subject: bear gulch
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/132458/bear-gulch
subject: Blackfeet
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/117042/blackfeet
subject: symbolism
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/211/symbolism
subject: Shield
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/127912/shield
subject: Rock Art
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/134154/rock-art

description: Bear Gulch, an extensive rock art site in central Montana, has several examples of a distinctive shield design showing a bear emerging from its den. This design is known from both ethnographic shields and other rock art images across the Northwestern Plains, including two shields at the Castle Gardens site in Wyoming and one from Montana’s Valley of the Shields site. The comparison of the designs from Bear Gulch with others from both ethnographic sources and other rock art sites illustrates part of the potential contained in the images recorded in Plains pictographs and petroglyphs.
Additional file 2 of Managing low corneal astigmatism in patients with presbyopia correcting intraocular lenses: a narrative review
Creators: name: Rocha-de-Lossada, Carlos
name: Rodríguez-Vallejo, Manuel
name: Rodríguez-Calvo-de-Mora, Marina
name: Ribeiro, Filomena J
name: Fernández, Joaquín
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 2
GIGA+ : Scalable Directories for Shared File Systems (CMU-PDL-08-110)
Creators: name: Swapnil  Patil
name: Gibson, Garth
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80499 Data Format not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Traditionally file system designs have envisioned directories as a means of organizing files for human viewing; that is, directories typically contain a few tens to thousands of files. Users of large, fast file systems have begun to put millions of files into single directories, for example, as simple databases. Furthermore, large-scale applications running on clusters with tens to hundreds of thousands of cores can burstily create files using all compute cores, amassing bursts of hundreds of thousands of creates or more.

In this paper, we revisit data-structures to build large file system directories that contain millions to billions of files and to quickly grow the number of files when many nodes are creating concurrently. We extend classic ideas of efficient resizeable hash-tables and inconsistent client hints to a highly concurrent distributed directory service. Our techniques use a dense bitmap encoding to indicate which of the possibly created hash partitions really exist, to allow all partitions to split independently, and to correct stale client hints with multiple changes per update.

We implement our technique, Giga+, using the FUSE user-level file system API layered on Linux ext3. We measured our prototype on a 100-node cluster using the UCAR Metarates benchmark for concurrently creating a total of 12 million files in a single directory. In a configuration of 32 servers, Giga+ delivers scalable throughput with a peak of 8,369 file creates/second, comparable to or better than the best current file system implementations.
File Classification in Self-* Storage Systems (CMU-PDL-04-101)
Creators: name: Mesnier, Michael
name: Thereska, Eno
name: Ellard, Daniel
name: Ganger, Gregory R.
name: Seltzer, Margo
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80499 Data Format not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To tune and manage themselves, file and storage systems must understand key properties (e.g., access pattern, lifetime, size) of their various files. This paper describes how systems can automatically learn to classify the properties of files (e.g., read-only access pattern, short-lived, small in size) and predict the properties of new files, as they are created, by exploiting the strong associations between a file’s properties and the names and attributes assigned to it. These associations exist, strongly but differently, in each of four real NFS environments studied. Decision tree classifiers can automatically identify and model such associations, providing prediction accuracies that often exceed 90%. Such predictions can be used to select storage policies (e.g., disk allocation schemes and replication factors) for individual files. Further, changes in associations can expose information about applications, helping autonomic system components distinguish growth from fundamental change.
Fractal Prefetching B+trees: Optimizing Both Cache and Disk Performance (CMU-CS-02-115)
Creators: name: Shimin  Chen
name: Gibbons, Phillip B.
name: Mowry, Todd C.
name: Valentin, Gary
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80499 Data Format not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: B+-Trees have been traditionally optimized for I/O performance with disk pages as tree nodes. Recently, researchers have proposed new types of B+-Trees optimized for CPU cache performance in main memory environments, where the tree node sizes are one or a few cache lines. Unfortunately, due primarily to this large discrepancy in optimal node sizes, existing disk-optimized B+-Trees suffer from poor cache performance while cache-optimized B+-Trees exhibit poor disk performance. In this paper, we propose fractal prefetching B+-Trees (fpB+-Trees), which embed "cache-optimized" trees within "disk-optimized" trees, in order to optimize both cache and I/O performance. We design and evaluate two approaches to breaking disk pages into cache-optimized nodes: disk-first and cache-first. These approaches are somewhat biased in favor of maximizing disk and cache performance, respectively, as demonstrated by our results. Both implementations of fpB+-Trees achieve dramatically better cache performance than disk-optimized B+-Trees: a factor of 1.1-1.8 improvement for search, up to a factor of 4.2 improvement for range scans, and up to a 20-fold improvement for updates, all without significant degradation of I/O performance. In addition, fpB+-Trees accelerate I/O performance for range scans by using jump-pointer arrays to prefetch leaf pages, thereby achieving a speed-up of 2.5-5 on IBM's DB2 Universal Database.
Influence of complete energy sorting on the characteristics of the odd-even effect in fission-fragment element distributions
Creators: name: Jurado, Beatriz
name: Schmidt, Karl-Heinz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The characteristics of the odd-even effect in fission-fragment Z distributions are compared to a model based on statistical mechanics. Special care is taken for using a consistent description for the influence of pairing correlations on the nuclear level density. The variation of the odd-even effect with the mass of the fissioning nucleus and with fission asymmetry is explained by the important statistical weight of configurations where the light nascent fission fragment populates the lowest energy state of an even-even nucleus. This implies that entropy drives excitation energy and unpaired nucleons predominantly to the heavy fragment. Therefore, within our model, the odd-even effect appears as an additional signature of the recently discovered energy-sorting process in nuclear fission.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1007.0741
Additional file 2 of Content development for a physical activity and sedentary behaviour e-learning module for early childhood education students: a Delphi study
Creators: name: Bruijns, Brianne A.
name: Johnson, Andrew M.
name: Tucker, Patricia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Physical Activity Expert Survey 2. Importance ratings of content areas.
Additional file 1 of Textbook-assigned and self-selected topics of Iranian male EFL learners: topic interest, topic familiarity, topic importance, and topic difficulty
Creators: name: Latifeh Shakourzadeh
name: Izadpanah, Siros
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plasma Physics

description: Additional file 1: Appendix A. Learners’ Perceptions of Textbook-Assigned Topics Questionnaire. Appendix B. Learners’ Perceptions of Self-Selected Topics Questionnaire.
Mochi: Visual Log-Analysis Based Tools for Debugging Hadoop
Creators: name: Jiaqui  Tan
name: Xinghao  Pan
name: Kavulya, Soila
name: Ghandi, Rajeev
name: Narasimhan, Priya
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80499 Data Format not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mochi, a new visual, log-analysis based debugging tool
correlates Hadoop’s behavior in space, time and volume,
and extracts a causal, unified control- and dataflow
model of Hadoop across the nodes of a cluster.
Mochi’s analysis produces visualizations of Hadoop’s
behavior using which users can reason about and debug
performance issues. We provide examples of Mochi’s
value in revealing a Hadoop job’s structure, in optimizing
real-world workloads, and in identifying anomalous
Hadoop behavior, on the Yahoo! M45 Hadoop cluster
Bose-Einstein condensation and density collapse in a weakly coupled boson-fermion mixture
Creators: name: Shirasaki, Kyoko
name: Nakano, Eiji
name: Yabu, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the mechanical instability toward density collapse and the transition temperature of Bose-Einstein condensation in the weakly coupled boson-fermion many-body mixture of single-component boson and fermion gases, in the case of the repulsive boson-boson and attractive boson-fermion interactions; no fermion-fermion interaction is assumed due to the Pauli exclusion because of the diluteness of the mixture. The mechanical instability occurs in the part of bosonic gas in the case where the induced boson-boson attraction mediated by the fermion polarization overcomes the boson-boson repulsive interaction at low temperatures. We calculate the onset temperature of the mechanical instability and the BEC transition temperature for the interaction strength and the boson-fermion number ratio. We also discuss the relation between the mechanical instability and the BEC transition using a diagrammatic method.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 1 of Variations in the archaeal community and associated methanogenesis in peat profiles of three typical peatland types in China
Creators: name: Chen, Xuhui
name: Xue, Dan
name: Wang, Yue
name: Qiu, Qing
name: Wu, Lin
name: Wang, Meng
name: Liu, Jiawen
name: Chen, Huai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Detailed information of the three study peatlands. Table S2. Significances of interactions between study area and each index. Table S3. An example of analysis of covariance used in Table S2. Fig. S1. Redundancy analysis of peat physicochemical properties with dominant archaea.
Fracture Patterns of Bones in Archaeological Contexts: Significance of the Casper Site Materials
Creators: name: Ono, Akira
Publisher: name: The Wyoming Archaeological Society
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: North Platte Basin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/86320/north-platte-basin
subject: Middle Paleoindian
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/8359/middle-paleoindian
subject: Hell Gap
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/930/hell-gap
subject: Casper
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/132553/casper
subject: 48NA304
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/132554/48na304
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Fauna
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4/fauna
subject: Zooarchaeology
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/7552/zooarchaeology

description: In the study of Paleolithic flaked bone tools, the most important criteria are the quality of preservation and completeness when we are trying to elucidate details of fracture on cylindrical bones. There are virtually no examples which adequately satisfy these criteria. We must use specimens which are as close to the ideal conditions. The close-to-the-ideal conditions are: 1) the bones are from sites where hunting of large mammals was carried out; 2) the site is considered or close to Paleolithic in age; 3) the curated collections are in good order; and 4) there is good preservation of the bone specimens. [...] The Casper site provides a bridge between Paleolithic materials which are not preserved well and the principle of cylindrical bone breakage. To discuss aspects of bone breakage and give a guideline for the understanding of bone specimens from other sites, I am going to discuss details of bone breakage in the Casper site examples before we move on to flaked bone tools worldwide (Ono 2001).
The mechanics and behavior of cliff swallows during tandem flights
Creators: name: Shelton, Ryan M.
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2014

description: Cliff Swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) are highly maneuverable social birds that often forage and fly in large open spaces. Here I used multi-camera videography to measure the three dimensional kinematics of their natural flight maneuvers in the field. Specifically, I collected data on tandem flights, defined as two birds maneuvering together. These data allowed me to evaluate several hypotheses on their maneuvering flight performance. High speed turns were roll-based, but the magnitude of the centripetal force created in typical maneuvers varied only slightly with flight speed. In tandem flight the following bird copied the flight path and wingbeat frequency of the lead bird while maintaining position slightly above the leader. The lead bird tended to turn in a direction away from the lateral position of the following bird. Tandem flights vary widely in speed and duration and no single tracking strategy appeared to explain the course taken by the following bird.
Additional file 1 of Divergent migration routes reveal contrasting energy-minimization strategies to deal with differing resource predictability
Creators: name: Shuert, Courtney R.
name: Hussey, Nigel E.
name: Marcoux, Marianne
name: Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter
name: Dietz, Rune
name: Auger-Méthé, Marie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Additional detail on state-space model to determine migration depature, model fit of state-space models and individual movement paths, full model results for mixed-effects modelling and stop-over durations.
How does gender and work location impact perceived worker stress during COVID-19? Findings from King County, WA
Creators: name: Monsey, Lily M.
name: Beckman, Kerry L.
name: Baker, Marissa G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Using an online survey, we explored workplace determinants of perceived stress during COVID-19 in n = 2910 county government workers, and differences in perceived stress by gender and work arrangement (work from home v. do not work from home). We explored relationships with descriptive statistics and linear regression. Access to health and safety resources, increased workplace safety climate, support for work-life balance, and increased access to sick leave were related to lower stress; dependent care stress and female gender were related to higher stress. Among those working from home, higher stress related to an increase in workload and erosion of work/life boundaries. Findings show how the workplace impacts stress, differential determinants by gender/work arrangement, and areas to intervene to improve employee health and well-being.
THE ROLE OF PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS IN EDUCATION AND USE OF NEW METHODS IN TEACHING PRINCIPLES
Creators: name: Turemuratova, Aziza
name: Sultanova, Elvira
name: Orazova, Benezera
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Pedagogical skills in education are approaches to make higher education accessible and reasonable for all. Providing direction, appropriate materials and computer facilities for all teaching and learning systems is essential. The level of education in the twenty-first century will be higher than it was in the twentieth century because of these changes and expansions. Conditions are created to prepare students for the challenges of the 21st century and help them succeed in the future. Teachers need to incorporate technology into their classrooms.
INTEGRAL discovery of unusually long broad-band X-ray activity from the Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient IGR J18483-0311
Creators: name: Sguera, V.
name: Sidoli, L.
name: Bird, A. J.
name: Bazzano, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a broad-band X-ray study (0.5-250 keV) of the Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient IGR J18483-0311 using archival INTEGRAL data and a new targeted XMM-Newton observation. Our INTEGRAL investigation discovered for the first time an unusually long X-ray activity (3-60 keV) which continuously lasted for at least 11 days, i.e. a significant fraction (about 60%) of the entire orbital period, and spanned orbital phases corresponding to both periastron and apastron passages. This prolongated X-ray activity is at odds with the much shorter durations marking outbursts from classical SFXTs especially above 20 keV, as such it represents a departure from their nominal behavior and it adds a further extreme characteristic to the already extreme SFXT IGR J18483-0311. Our IBIS/ISGRI high energy investigation (100-250 keV) of archival outbursts activity from the source showed that the recently reported hint of a possible hard X-ray tail is not real and it is likely due to noisy background. The new XMM-Newton targeted observation did not detect any sign of strong X-ray outburst activity from the source despite being performed close to its periastron passage, on the contrary IGR J18483-0311 was caught during the common intermediate X-ray state with a low luminosity value of 3x10^33 erg s^-1 (0.5-10 keV). We discuss all the reported results in the framework of both spherically symmetric clumpy wind scenario and quasi-spherical settling accretion model.
description: Accepted for publication on MNRAS. 10 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Genipin-modified dentin collagen: Biochemical and biomechanical characterization
Creators: name: Nagaoka, Hiroko
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2013

description: The objectives of this study were to: 1) characterize genipin (GE)-modified bovine dentin collagen treated with three different doses of GE (0.01%, 0.1% and 0.5%) for several treatment durations as related to changes in its biochemical properties, 2) evaluate changes in the biomechanical properties, as assessed by microtensile bond strength (MTBS), of human dentin collagen that had been modified by four different treatment durations of 0.5% GE. The collagen stability and collagen discoloration assays indicated that the treatment of bovine dentin collagen with GE resulted in a dose- and time-dependent decrease of collagen digestibility and increase of discoloration. Amino acid analysis indicated that the GE-induced cross-links involved the lysine and hydroxylysine residues in dentin collagen. Cross-link analysis showed that GE treatment did not affect the mature cross-link, pyrodinoline; however, dihydroxylysinonorleucine was slightly but significantly decreased (p < 0.05) after 12 h of treatment with GE. MTBS analysis showed that MTBS significantly increased in samples treated with GE for 4 h, 12 h and 24 h when compared to control (p < 0.0001). In addition, MTBS of samples treated with GE for 4 h was significantly higher than those of 12 h and 24 h groups (p < 0.0001). Taken together, these results demonstrate that GE treatment improves the stability of dentin collagen and MTBS, and its potential use for caries prevention and restorative dentistry.
Evolution of the electronic band structure of twisted bilayer graphene upon doping
Creators: name: Huang, Shengqiang
name: Yankowitz, Matthew
name: Chattrakun, Kanokporn
name: Sandhu, Arvinder
name: LeRoy, Brian J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic band structure of twisted bilayer graphene develops van Hove singularities whose energy depends on the twist angle between the two layers. Using Raman spectroscopy, we monitor the evolution of the electronic band structure upon doping using the G peak area which is enhanced when the laser photon energy is resonant with the energy separation of the van Hove singularities. Upon charge doping, the Raman G peak area initially increases for twist angles larger than a critical angle and decreases for smaller angles. To explain this behavior with twist angle, the energy of separation of the van Hove singularities must decrease with increasing charge density demonstrating the ability to modify the electronic and optical properties of twisted bilayer graphene with doping.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures