cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lepton asymmetry and primordial nucleosynthesis in the era of precision cosmology
Creators: name: Serpico, Pasquale D.
name: Raffelt, Georg G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate and display the primordial light-element abundances as a function of a neutrino degeneracy parameter ξcommon to all flavors. It is the only unknown parameter characterizing the thermal medium at the primordial nucleosynthesis epoch. The observed primordial helium abundance Y_p is the most sensitive cosmic ``leptometer.'' Adopting the conservative Y_p error analysis of Olive and Skillman implies -0.04 \alt ξ\alt 0.07 whereas the errors stated by Izotov and Thuan imply ξ=0.0245+-0.0092 (1 sigma). Improved determinations of the baryon abundance have no significant impact on this situation. A determination of Y_p that reliably distinguishes between a vanishing or nonvanishing ξis a crucial test of the cosmological standard assumption that sphaleron effects equilibrate the cosmic lepton and baryon asymmetries.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures; minor changes, references added, replaced to match the published version in PRD (Brief Reports)
title: Connecting school and home: Examining parental and school involvement in readiness for college through multilevel SEM
Creators: name: George Mwangi, Chrystal A.
name: Cabrera, Alberto F.
name: Kurban, Elizabeth R.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: college choice
subject: parental involvement
subject: socio-economic status
subject: school academic press
subject: structural equation modeling

description: Parental involvement is widely acknowledged as a critical factor influencing the college choice process among families. What is not clear, though, is whether this parental driven factor also takes place at the school level along with school related factors. Using a national sample of 9th grade students drawn from about 900 schools, we found that parental involvement also operates at the school context along with a high school’s academic press. Moreover, at both individual- and school-level contexts, parental involvement creates a “college-going” cultural capital in the form of attainment of milestones towards college.
Enriched Deep Recurrent Visual Attention Model for Multiple Object Recognition
Creators: name: Ablavatski, Artsiom
name: Lu, Shijian
name: Cai, Jianfei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We design an Enriched Deep Recurrent Visual Attention Model (EDRAM) - an improved attention-based architecture for multiple object recognition. The proposed model is a fully differentiable unit that can be optimized end-to-end by using Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD). The Spatial Transformer (ST) was employed as visual attention mechanism which allows to learn the geometric transformation of objects within images. With the combination of the Spatial Transformer and the powerful recurrent architecture, the proposed EDRAM can localize and recognize objects simultaneously. EDRAM has been evaluated on two publicly available datasets including MNIST Cluttered (with 70K cluttered digits) and SVHN (with up to 250k real world images of house numbers). Experiments show that it obtains superior performance as compared with the state-of-the-art models.
Improving Accuracy of Learning Models Using Disjunctive Normal Form and Semisupervised Learning
Creators: name: Mohammadabadi, Sayed Mehdi Sajjadi
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: Electrical engineering

description: The goal of machine learning is to develop efficient algorithms that use training data to create models that generalize well to unseen data. Learning algorithms can use labeled data, unlabeled data or both. Supervised learning algorithms learn a model using labeled data only. Unsupervised learning methods learn the internal structure of a dataset using only unlabeled data. Lastly, semisupervised learning is the task of finding a model using both labeled and unlabeled data. In this research work, we contribute to both supervised and semisupervised learning. We contribute to supervised learning by proposing an efficient high-dimensional space coverage scheme which is based on the disjunctive normal form. We use conjunctions of a set of half-spaces to create a set of convex polytopes. Disjunction of these polytopes can provide desirable coverage of space. Unlike traditional methods based on neural networks, we do not initialize the model parameters randomly. As a result, our model minimizes the risk of poor local minima and higher learning rates can be used which leads to faster convergence. We contribute to semisupervised learning by proposing 2 unsupervised loss functions that form the basis of a novel semisupervised learning method. The first loss function is called Mutual-Exclusivity. The motivation of this method is the observation that an optimal decision boundary lies between the manifolds of different classes where there are no or very few samples. Decision boundaries can be pushed away from training samples by maximizing their margin and it is not necessary to know the class labels of the samples to maximize the margin. The second loss is named Transformation/Stability and is based on the fact that the prediction of a classifier for a data sample should not change with respect to transformations and perturbations applied to that data sample. In addition, internal variations of a learning system should have little to no effect on the output. The proposed loss minimizes the variation in the prediction of the network for a specific data sample. We also show that the same technique can be used to improve the robustness of a learning model with respect to adversarial examples.
The mean star formation rates of unobscured QSOs: searching for evidence of suppressed or enhanced star formation
Creators: name: Stanley, F.
name: Alexander, D. M.
name: Harrison, C. M.
name: Rosario, D. J.
name: Wang, L.
name: Aird, J. A.
name: Bourne, N.
name: Dunne, L.
name: Dye, S.
name: Eales, S.
name: Knudsen, K. K.
name: Michalowski, M. J.
name: Valiante, E.
name: De Zotti, G.
name: Furlanetto, C.
name: Ivison, R.
name: Maddox, S.
name: Smith, M. W. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the mean star formation rates (SFRs) in the host galaxies of ~3000 optically selected QSOs from the SDSS survey within the Herschel-ATLAS fields, and a radio-luminous sub-sample, covering the redshift range of z = 0.2-2.5. Using WISE & Herschel photometry (12 - 500μm) we construct composite SEDs in bins of redshift and AGN luminosity. We perform SED fitting to measure the mean infrared luminosity due to star formation, removing the contamination from AGN emission. We find that the mean SFRs show a weak positive trend with increasing AGN luminosity. However, we demonstrate that the observed trend could be due to an increase in black hole (BH) mass (and a consequent increase of inferred stellar mass) with increasing AGN luminosity. We compare to a sample of X-ray selected AGN and find that the two populations have consistent mean SFRs when matched in AGN luminosity and redshift. On the basis of the available virial BH masses, and the evolving BH mass to stellar mass relationship, we find that the mean SFRs of our QSO sample are consistent with those of main sequence star-forming galaxies. Similarly, the radio-luminous QSOs have mean SFRs that are consistent with both the overall QSO sample and with star-forming galaxies on the main sequence. In conclusion, on average QSOs reside on the main sequence of star-forming galaxies, and the observed positive trend between the mean SFRs and AGN luminosity can be attributed to BH mass and redshift dependencies.
description: 22 pages (incl. appendix), 17 Figures, re-submitted to MNRAS with referee comments addressed
Improved Patient Identification and Feature Extraction Through Free Text Query and Processing for Clinical Research
Creators: name: Redd, Douglas Fletcher
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019

description: Electronic Health Records (EHRs) provide a wealth of information for secondary uses. Methods are developed to improve usefulness of free text query and text processing and demonstrate advantages to using these methods for clinical research, specifically cohort identification and enhancement. Cohort identification is a critical early step in clinical research. Problems may arise when too few patients are identified, or the cohort consists of a nonrepresentative sample. Methods of improving query formation through query expansion are described. Inclusion of free text search in addition to structured data search is investigated to determine the incremental improvement of adding unstructured text search over structured data search alone. Query expansion using topic- and synonym-based expansion improved information retrieval performance. An ensemble method was not successful. The addition of free text search compared to structured data search alone demonstrated increased cohort size in all cases, with dramatic increases in some. Representation of patients in subpopulations that may have been underrepresented otherwise is also shown. We demonstrate clinical impact by showing that a serious clinical condition, scleroderma renal crisis, can be predicted by adding free text search. A novel information extraction algorithm is developed and evaluated (Regular Expression Discovery for Extraction, or REDEx) for cohort enrichment. The REDEx algorithm is demonstrated to accurately extract information from free text clinical iv narratives. Temporal expressions as well as bodyweight-related measures are extracted. Additional patients and additional measurement occurrences are identified using these extracted values that were not identifiable through structured data alone. The REDEx algorithm transfers the burden of machine learning training from annotators to domain experts. We developed automated query expansion methods that greatly improve performance of keyword-based information retrieval. We also developed NLP methods for unstructured data and demonstrate that cohort size can be greatly increased, a more complete population can be identified, and important clinical conditions can be detected that are often missed otherwise. We found a much more complete representation of patients can be obtained. We also developed a novel machine learning algorithm for information extraction, REDEx, that efficiently extracts clinical values from unstructured clinical text, adding additional information and observations over what is available in structured text alone.
Improved Methods for Next Generation Sequencing-Based Conotoxin Discovery
Creators: name: Li, Qing
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cone snails (genus Conus) have attracted scientific interest for the great neuropharmacological potential of their venoms to treat chronic pain, which consist of a complex mixture of peptides known as conotoxins. For discovery purposes, we have carried out a survey of the venom-ducts of 22 Conus species using next generation high throughput RNAseq (NGS). In silico analyses of these data are complicated because paralogous conotoxin precursors display both highly conserved, as well as hyper varied regions. As a result, NGS-based discovery involves an inherent trade off between fidelity of transcript assembly and sensitivity towards novel discovery. On the one hand, overly lenient assembly parameters create a few, long, but misassembled chimeric transcripts, which lessen the true discovery potential of NGS. On the other hand, overly stringent assembly parameters can mistake sequencing artifacts as novel discoveries. Moreover, many new conotoxins likely remain undiscovered. This fact can complicate homology-based discovery efforts using tools such as BLAST because reference databases may lack homologous peptides, leading to false negative results. With these problems in mind, I developed a comprehensive pipeline for discovery of conotoxins and their modification enzymes from high throughput RNAseq data. My pipeline includes (1) simulation software for benchmarking purposes, (2) a ‘partial extension pipeline' that employs a novel kmerization tool called Taxonomer to rapidly cluster and taxonomically classify reads prior to assembly, and (3) a discovery engine that can identify novel conotoxins even when they lack significant homologs. Collectively, my pipeline maximizes the discovery potential of Conus RNAseq data, identifying on average ~ 30% more full length toxins per sample than any other than approach in use today.
Improving Peanut Allergy Diagnosis Using Specific Immunoglobulin E Peanut Component and Basophil Activation Testing
Creators: name: Wilcock, Diane Marie
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019

description: Peanut allergy is one of the most prevalent and deadliest food allergies. As public awareness has increased about the dangers of food allergies, there has been a corresponding increase in the research on peanut allergies. Significant increases in practical applications of our knowledge have occurred in the last few decades including questions that have been answered as to the best routes and methods of exposure to peanuts, there are innovative new therapies for possibly resolving peanut allergies, and cell based assays can now utilize components of peanuts that have significantly better predictive power and reproducibility than the previous whole peanut extracts. The next step is to be able to correlate laboratory tests to the severity of peanut allergy symptoms without having to expose the patients to the suspected food and risk urticaria, anaphylaxis, or even death. Basophil Activation Testing (BAT) is a promising way to do this and to help improve the correct diagnosis of potentially severe, life-threatening peanut allergy. The results from this study showed that BAT tests were able to correctly predict the outcome of food challenges as well as discriminate between peanut-sensitized and peanut allergic patients.
Automorphism groups of superspecial curves of genus $4$ over $\mathbb{F}_{11}$
Creators: name: Kudo, Momonari
name: Harashita, Shushi
name: Senda, Hayato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13P10, 14G15, 14H37, 14H45, 14Q05, 68W30

description: In this paper, we explicitly determine the automorphism group of every nonhyperelliptic superspecial curve of genus $4$ over $\mathbb{F}_{11}$. Our algorithm determining automorphism groups works for any nonhyperelliptic curves of genus $4$ over finite fields. With this computation, we show the compatibility between the enumeration of superspecial curves of genus $4$ over $\mathbb{F}_{11}$ obtained computationally by the first and second authors in 2017 and an enumeration by Galois cohomology theory.
Improving Safety Estimation and Prediction Using Multivariate Regression Models in Observational Road Safety Studies
Creators: name: Musunuru, Anusha
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Transportation planning

description: Observational studies are a frequently used "tool" in the field of road safety research because random assignments of safety treatments are not feasible or ethical. Data and modeling issues and challenges often plague observational road safety studies, and impact study results. The objective of this research was to explore a selected number of current data and modeling limitations in observational road safety studies and identify possible solutions. Three limitations were addressed in this research: (1) a majority of statistical road safety models use average annual daily traffic (AADT) to represent traffic volume and do not explicitly capture differences in traffic volume patterns throughout the day, even though crash risk is known to change by time of day, (2) statistical road safety models that use AADT on the "right-hand side" of the model equation do not explicitly account for the fact that these values for AADT are estimates with estimation errors, leading to potential bias in model estimation results, and (3) the current state-of-the-practice in road safety research often involves "starting over" with each study, choosing a model functional form based on the data fit, and letting the estimation results drive interpretations, without fully utilizing previous study results. These limitations were addressed by: (1) estimating the daily traffic patterns (by time of day) using geo-spatial interpolation methods, (2) accounting for measurement error in AADT estimates using measurement error models of expected crash frequency, and (3) incorporating prior knowledge on the safety effects of explanatory variables into regression models of expected crash frequency through informative priors in a Bayesian methodological framework. These alternative approaches to address the selected observational road safety study limitations were evaluated using data from rural, two-lane highways in the states of Utah and Washington. The datasets consisted of horizontal curve segments, for which crash data, roadway geometric features, operational characteristics, roadside features, and weather data were obtained. The results show that the methodological approaches developed in this research will allow road safety researchers and practitioners to accurately evaluate the expected road safety effects. These methods can further be used to increase the accuracy and repeatability of study results, and ultimately expand the current practice of evaluating regression models of expected crash frequency in observational road safety studies.
Existence of temperature on the nanoscale
Creators: name: Hartmann, Michael
name: Mahler, Guenter
name: Hess, Ortwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a regular chain of quantum particles with nearest neighbour interactions in a canonical state with temperature $T$. We analyse the conditions under which the state factors into a product of canonical density matrices with respect to groups of $n$ particles each and under which these groups have the same temperature $T$. In quantum mechanics the minimum group size $n_{min}$ depends on the temperature $T$, contrary to the classical case. We apply our analysis to a harmonic chain and find that $n_{min} = const.$ for temperatures above the Debye temperature and $n_{min} \propto T^{-3}$ below.
description: Version that appeared in PRL
The Imprint of the Press: A Cultural History of the Influence of Nineteenth-Century American Print on Mormonism in Kirtland, Ohio, 1831-1837
Creators: name: Chatelain, Jeremy John
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: Journalism
American history
19th century
Mormonism

description: This cultural history of Mormonism in Kirtland, Ohio, from 1831 to 1837 uses Agenda Setting and Vilification Theories to analyze 1,617 articles from 325 newspapers published during those years. This unprecedented number of sources enabled the researcher to identify how nineteenth-century print culture and texts about and by the Mormons created, shaped, changed, and directed the trajectory of Mormonism in its formative years. The qualitative examination exposed the most recurring topics on Mormonism in papers across the country, including the phenomenon of editors' specific efforts to create a cultural enemy of Joseph Smith; the editorial tone used while writing about such news; the number of times identical or similar texts were reprinted in the newspaper exchange; and the dispersion and geographical reach of readers throughout the United States. It was discovered that American editors regularly employed six agendas when printing about the Mormons: dishonesty; criminality; fanaticism; credulity and gullibility; power; and vilification. Mormon reactions in their newspapers demonstrated a hypersensitivity to what was printed about them and revealed efforts to sway public perception with four of their own agendas: to dispel, correct, or offset incorrect perceptions; relay church doctrines and structure; unify scattered members; and portray a persecuted people. The focus on early years of the American entity that would become known as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints fills gaps in existing studies in American, religious, print, Mormon, and communication/journalism histories. Mormonism was a consistent topic in the American press during the seven years of this study. Newspapers in each state and territory addressed it on average every 1.5 days. Antebellum editors were unhindered by current First Amendment free press precedents and their viewpoints, opinions, and agenda-setting rhetoric were perpetuated in the minds of a voracious reading public as attitudes and understandings about Mormons were published, copied, and republished. The uniqueness and value of the research is the discovery and analysis of what was portrayed as truth about an American religion in thousands of printed pages and the reactions the texts evoked. Evidence of present-day agenda setting also is discussed in relation to the Mormons.
Necessary Condition for Steerability of Arbitrary Two-Qubit States with Loss
Creators: name: Baker, Travis J.
name: Wollmann, Sabine
name: Pryde, Geoff J.
name: Wiseman, Howard M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering refers to the quantum phenomenon whereby the state of a system held by one party can be "steered" into different states at the will of another, distant, party by performing different local measurements. Although steering has been demonstrated in a number of experiments involving qubits, the question of which two-qubit states are steerable remains an open theoretical problem. Here, we derive a necessary condition for any two-qubit state to be steerable when the steering party suffers from a given probability of qubit loss. Our main result finds application in one-way steering demonstrations that rely upon loss. Specifically, we apply it to a recent experiment on one-way steering with projective measurements and POVMs, reported by Wollmann et. al. [Phys. Rev. Lett., 116, 160403 (2016)].
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Tests of Quantum Chromo Dynamics at e^+e^- Colliders
Creators: name: Kluth, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current status of tests of the theory of strong interactions, Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD), with data from hadron production in e^+e^- annihilation experiments is reviewed. The LEP experiments ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL have published many analyses with data recorded on the Z^0 resonance at sqrt(s)=91.2 GeV and above up to sqrt(s)>200 GeV. There are also results from SLD at sqrt(s)=91.2 GeV and from reanalysis of data recorded by the JADE experiment at 14
description: 91 pages, 29 figures, revised version corresponds to paper published in journal, some references added, small inconsistency in QCD analysis of hadronic tau decays with tiny effect on results and no effect on conclusions fixed
Simulated foreground predictions for HI at z = 3.35 with the Ooty Wide Field Array: I. Instrument and the foregrounds
Creators: name: Marthi, Visweshwar Ram
name: Chatterjee, Suman
name: Chengalur, Jayaram
name: Bharadwaj, Somnath
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Foreground removal is the most important step in detecting the large-scale redshifted HI 21-cm signal. Modelling foreground spectra is challenging and is further complicated by the chromatic response of the telescope. We present a multi-frequency angular power spectrum (MAPS) estimator for use in a survey for redshifted HI 21-cm emission from z~3.35, and demonstrate its ability to accurately characterize the foregrounds. This survey will be carried out with the two wide-field interferometer modes of the upgraded Ooty Radio Telescope, called the Ooty Wide Field Array (OWFA), at 326.5 MHz. We have tailored the two-visibility correlation for OWFA to estimate the MAPS and test it with simulated foregrounds. In the process, we describe a software model that encodes the geometry and the details of the telescope, and simulates a realistic model for the bright radio sky. This article presents simulations which include the full chromatic response of the telescope, in addition to the frequency dependence intrinsic to the foregrounds. We find that the visibility correlation MAPS estimator recovers the input angular power spectrum accurately, and that the instrument response to the foregrounds dominates the systematic errors in the recovered foreground power spectra.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Generation of pure, ionic entangled states via linear optics
Creators: name: Yang, Ming
name: Cao, Zhuo-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a novel scheme to generate two-ion maximally entangled states from either pure product states or mixed states using linear optics. Our new scheme is mainly based on the ionic interference. Because the proposed scheme can generate pure maximally entangled states from mixed states, we denote it as purification-like generation scheme. The scheme does not need a Bell state analyzer as the existing entanglement generation schemes do, it also avoids the difficulty of synchronizing the arrival time of the two scattered photons faced by the existing schemes, thus the proposed new entanglement generation scheme can be implemented more easily in practice.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Rotational modulation of X-ray emission in Orion Nebula young stars
Creators: name: Flaccomio, E.
name: Micela, G.
name: Sciortino, S.
name: Feigelson, E. D.
name: Herbst, W.
name: Favata, F.
name: Harnden, F. R.
name: Vrtilek, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the spatial distribution of X-ray emitting plasma in a sample of young Orion Nebula Cluster stars by modulation of their X-ray light-curves due to stellar rotation. The study, part of the Chandra Orion Ultradeep Project (COUP), is made possible by the exceptional length of the observation: 10 days of ACIS integration during a time span of 13 days, yielding a total of 1616 detected sources in the 17x17 arcmin field of view. We here focus on a subsample of 233 X-ray-bright stars with known rotational periods. We search for X-ray modulation using the Lomb Normalized Periodogram method. X-ray modulation related to the rotation period is detected in at least 23 stars with periods between 2 and 12 days and relative amplitudes ranging from 20% to 70%. In 16 cases, the X-ray modulation period is similar to the stellar rotation period while in seven cases it is about half that value, possibly due to the presence of X-ray emitting structures at opposite stellar longitudes. These results constitute the largest sample of low mass stars in which X-ray rotational modulation has been observed. The detection of rotational modulation indicates that the X-ray emitting regions are distributed inhomogeneneously in longitude and do not extend to distances significantly larger than the stellar radius. Modulation is observed in stars with saturated activity levels (L_X/L_bol ~ 10^(-3)) showing that saturation is not due to the filling of the stellar surface with X-ray emitting regions.
description: 41 pages, 15 figures, ApJS in press. Figure 15 (34 panels) is an on-line only figure and is not included. A pdf file which includes figure 15 as well as full resolution versions of figure 10 and 11 is available at: http://www.astropa.unipa.it/~ettoref/COUP_RotMod.pdf
Measurements of the Branching Fraction and Time-Dependent CP Asymmetries of B0 to J/Psi Pi0 decays
Creators: name: BaBar Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of the branching fraction and time-dependent CP asymmetries in B0 -> JPsi pi0 decays based on (231.8 +/- 2.6) x 10**6 asymmetries Y(4S) -> BBbar decays collected with the BaBar detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory. We obtain a branching fraction B(B0 -> JPsi pi0) = (1.94 +/- 0.22 (stat.) +/- 0.17 (syst.)) x 10**-5. We also measure the CP asymmetry parameters C = -0.21 +/- 0.26 (stat.) +/- 0.06 (syst.) and S = -0.68 +/- 0.30 (stat.) +/- 0.04 (syst.).
description: Submitted to PRD-RC
Bounds on classical information capacities for a class of quantum memory channels
Creators: name: Bowen, Garry
name: Devetak, Igor
name: Mancini, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The maximum rates for information transmission through noisy quantum channels has primarily been developed for memoryless channels, where the noise on each transmitted state is treated as independent. Many real world communication channels experience noise which is modelled better by errors that are correlated between separate channel uses. In this paper, upper bounds on the classical information capacities of a class of quantum memory channels are derived. The class of channels consists of indecomposable quantum memory channels, a generalization of classical indecomposable finite-state channels.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, RevTeX, coding theorem removed
Measuring emotional contagion as a multidimensional construct: The development and initial validation of the Contagion of Affective Phenomena Scales
Creators: name: Clarkson, Beth G.
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: We offer an alternative conceptualisation of the construct of susceptibility to emotional contagion and four related studies where two separate measures were developed and initially validated. The Contagion of Affective Phenomena Scale – General (CAPS-G) is a 5-item scale that measures general susceptibility to the contagion of affect, and the Contagion of Affective Phenomena Scale - Emotion (CAPS-E) assesses six distinct emotions. Study 1 generated items with experts. Study 2 explored and confirmed construct validity and the factorial structure of both measures using exploratory structural equation modelling. Study 3 established test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and discriminant validity. Study 4 found predictive validity with a sample of competitive swimmers. In four separate samples, a 21-item and 6-factor first order structure of CAPS-E provided the best model fit. We provide initial evidence that support the use of CAPS-E and CAPS-G as reliable and valid measures of the susceptibility to contagion of affective phenomena.
Simulation of a model nanopore sensor: ion competition underlies device behavior
Creators: name: Mádai, Eszter
name: Valiskó, Mónika
name: Dallos, András
name: Boda, Dezső
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a model nanopore sensor with which a very low concentration of analyte molecules can be detected on the basis of the selective binding of the analyte molecules to the binding sites on the pore wall. The bound analyte ions partially replace the current-carrier cations in a thermodynamic competition. This competition depends both on the properties of the nanopore and the concentrations of the competing ions (through their chemical potentials). The output signal given by the device is the current reduction caused by the presence of the analyte ions. The concentration of the analyte ions can be determined through calibration curves. We model the binding site with the square-well potential and the electrolyte as charged hard spheres in an implicit background solvent. We study the system with a hybrid method in which we compute the ion flux with the Nernst-Planck (NP) equation coupled with the Local Equilibrium Monte Carlo (LEMC) simulation technique. The resulting NP+LEMC method is able to handle both strong ionic correlations inside the pore (including finite size of ions) and bulk concentrations as low as micromolar. We analyze the effect of bulk ion concentrations, pore parameters, binding site parameters, electrolyte properties, and voltage on the behavior of the device.
Improving Therapeutic Strategies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV: From Drug Discovery to Development and Understanding New Interactions of HIV-TB
Creators: name: Larson, Erica Christine
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: Pharmacology
Toxicology

description: Around 2-3 billion people worldwide are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the bacteria that causes tuberculosis (TB). Increasing incidence of drug resistant strains of Mtb indicate a growing need for new antibiotics. Pyrrolocins A-C are a set of pyrrolodinediones isolated from an endophytic fungus (NRRL50135) from Papua New Guinea. The mechanism of action for these compounds against Mtb and other bacteria (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus) is largely unknown. We found that pyrrolocins inhibit the first committed step in fatty acid biosynthesis, a mechanism that has yet to be targeted in anti-TB therapy. Current anti-TB drug screening approaches use axenic culture to assess drug efficacy. However this does not assess efficacy against intracellular Mtb infection. In addition, cytotoxicity is determined separately. We developed a screening method in a macrophage cell line that combines infection and cytotoxicity. This screen can be used to determine effects of drug on infected cells as well as uninfected cells. TB is the leading cause of death among HIV/AIDS patients worldwide. Interactions between Mtb and HIV-infected cells have been explored. However these studies have addressed the impact on latent HIV reservoirs. We found that components of the Mtb membrane as well as bacteria co-culture resulted in HIV latency reversal. Macrophages are susceptible to Mtb and HIV infection. We explored concurrent HIV/Mtb infection in vitro. We found a small percentage of our macrophage cell line, and an even smaller percentage of our T cell line, were infected with both HIV and Mtb. Latency reversal and concurrent infection by Mtb in HIV-infected cells identify mechanisms by which Mtb may exacerbate HIV infection. These findings highlight that HIV/Mtb interactions should be considered during anti-HIV and anti-TB drug therapy development as they will likely be implemented in HIV/TB patients. The findings in this work collectively provide new strategies to treat TB and HIV, whether that is offering an alternative to current antibiotics with a novel mechanism, assessing drug efficacy using an in vitro screening method that models intracellular Mtb, or understanding processes (i.e., latency reversal and concurrent infection) that may occur in HIV/TB coinfected patients which could have ultimate consequences on therapeutic efficacy in these patients.
Experiential Education as an Emerging 21st Century Pedagogy
Creators: name: Andrews, Ruth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 130202 Curriculum and Pedagogy Theory and Development
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 130304 Educational Administration, Management and Leadership
subject: Education
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Experiential EducationGrounded in Dewey’s conceptions of authenticity in instructional activities (Dewey, 1916; Dewey, 1938) and Vygotsky’s notions of social learning (Vygotsky, 1978), experiential learning overtly connects knowledge development to interaction and environmental experiences (Kolb, 1984).•The need for formal education to be transformed in order to address the pressing challenges of the 21st century. (Scott, 2015; Saavedra & Opfer, 2012; Robinson, 2006).The Rationale for Experiential Education as Pedagogy•The pressing need for a pedagogical innovation. (Romano et al. 2017)
•Experiential education and active learning approaches can increase student engagement and deepen learning. (Druckman and Ebner 2008 ; Levintova et al. 2011)•Experiential learning approaches have also been found to be effective pedagogical tools for teaching about the complexity and multidimensionality of conflicts (Elias 2014 ; Powers and Kirkpatrick 2013 ; Shaw 2004 ; Sjostedt 2015 ).
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour la grange et seigneurie d'Ouges (XVe siècle), Cart. 173 (11 H 939), 226 folios, f. 0287
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2015
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour la grange et seigneurie d'Ouges (XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 173 (11 H 939), 226 folios, f. 0287, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour la grange et seigneurie d'Ouges (XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 173 (11 H 939), 226 folios, f. 0287, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
Edge instability in incompressible planar active fluids
Creators: name: Nesbitt, David
name: Pruessner, Gunnar
name: Lee, Chiu Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interfacial instability is highly relevant to many important biological processes. A key example arises in wound healing experiments, which observe that an epithelial layer with an initially straight edge does not heal uniformly. We consider the phenomenon in the context of active fluids. Improving upon the approximation used in J. Zimmermann, M. Basan and H. Levine, Euro. Phys. J.: Special Topics 223, 1259 (2014), we perform a linear stability analysis on a two dimensional incompressible hydrodynamic model of an active fluid with an open interface. We categorise the stability of the model and find that for experimentally relevant parameters, fingering stability is always absent in this minimal model. Our results point to the crucial importance of density variation in the fingering instability in tissue regeneration.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Using unmanned aerial vehicles for the study of eelgrass habitat
Creators: name: Favaro, Brett
name: Zargarpour, Nicola
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 60299 Ecology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60205 Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology)

description: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), also referred to as “drones,” are cheap, powerful platforms that are capable of capturing high-quality imagery rapidly and with little operator training. In this report, we describe our use of drones to measure the size of eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds in the nearshore waters of Newfoundland.
Our primary research questions were: 1) Is it possible to detect eelgrass beds using drones? 2) To what extent are measurements of drone bed size reproducible with drones (i.e. how much measurement uncertainty do drones introduce?) 3) How does the ability of drones to detect eelgrass change with the altitude of drone flight, and what is the trade-off between resolution (increased by flying at low altitude) and possible area assessed given a unit of sampling time (increased by flying at high altitude)? In addition, we qualitatively assessed how wind, waves, and turbidity affected the clarity of our imagery.
We found that eelgrass beds were indeed detectable with drones, and that image clarity was very good. Qualitatively speaking, the best imagery was collected when there was no fog, when the water was still (any choppiness at all made measurement of bed size much more difficult), and when the eelgrass beds were shallow. Wind speed was less detrimental than expected because drones were capable of compensating effectively.
In addition to this primary research question, we conducted removals of invasive green crab using Fukui traps. Our reasons for doing so were twofold: First, to reduce their population density and thereby protect eelgrass beds in invaded areas. Second, to determine a relative density, so that if the eelgrass beds do decline over time, we can test to what extent the density of green crabs in a given area is correlated with decline rate. We also conducted an opportunistic study to determine whether a modified Fukui trap could increase catch per unit effort (CPUE) of green crabs relative to regular traps. We found that the modified traps were indeed more effective, confirming other work we have done on this topic.
This paper represents a project report that we have not submitted for peer-review. While future studies will likely derive from this, we present this guide as-is for any researcher interested in using drones to study eelgrass or other sub-tidal habitat.
Increasing the stability and efficiency of bio-solar cell electrodes using reactivbe oxygen species scavengers and redox polymer immobilization
Creators: name: Stephanz, Megan E.
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: Engineering
Materials science

description: Global energy requirements are increasing with time. While fossil fuels can be relied upon for several more centuries, they would produce vast amounts of carbon dioxide. This undesirable fact makes renewable options like bio-solar cells, which are clean, inexpensive, and take advantage of abundant solar energy, a tempting prospect. However, bio-solar cells often have very short lifetimes due to reactive oxygen products that build up during photosynthesis, as well as low efficiencies when compared with inorganic solar cell options. Past research using the enzyme reactive oxygen scavenger catalase to reduce the quantity of oxygen byproducts has had advantageous effects on bio-solar cell lifetimes, leading to interest in other types of reactive oxygen scavengers. Additionally, studies into using redox polymer matrices as immobilization or mediation for biocatalysts have reportedly increased lifetime and efficiency of bio-electrodes, respectively. For both thylakoid biocatalyst bio-anodes and photosystem I biocatalyst bio-cathodes, two reactive oxygen scavengers, ascorbic acid and activated carbon, were tested to compare their abilities at extending solar cell lifetimes with those of catalase, and two redox polymers, naphthoquinone and dimethyl ferrocene modified linear polyethyleneimines (NQ-LPEI and Fc-LPEI, respectively), were investigated to determine their abilities at both stabilizing biocatalysts through immobilization and improving electron transfer efficiency through mediation. Amperometric testing was used to reveal which combination of biocatalyst, reactive oxygen scavenger, and redox polymer created the most advantageous increases in the lifetimes and electron transfer efficiencies of bio-solar cell electrodes. While photocurrents produced were lower than for systems using expensive and toxic osmium redox polymers, it was shown that unmodified thylakoid bio-anodes made using 1 mM of ascorbic acid could last up to 148% of the lifetime of plain thylakoid electrodes and produce a photocurrent 1103% of these unmodified thylakoid electrodes when immobilized by NQ-LPEI and supplemented with 1 mM ascorbic acid. Photosystem I bio-cathodes modified with Fc-LPEI and supplemented with catalase control enzyme maintained the highest current and lifetime found for any combination of electrode, with a lifetime 264% and a photocurrent 1375% of the values for the original, comparison standard of the unmodified, blank thylakoid electrodes.
Orbital tori for non-axisymmetric galaxies
Creators: name: Binney, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our Galaxy's bar makes the Galaxy's potential distinctly non-axisymmetric. All orbits are affected by non-axisymmetry, and significant numbers are qualitatively changed by being trapped at a resonance with the bar. Orbital tori are used to compute these effects. Thick-disc orbits are no less likely to be trapped by corotation or a Lindblad resonance than thin-disc orbits. Perturbation theory is used to create non-axisymmetric orbital tori from standard axisymmetric tori, and both trapped and untrapped orbits are recovered to surprising accuracy. Code is added to the TorusModeller library that makes it as easy to manipulate non-axisymmetric tori as axisymmetric ones. The augmented TorusModeller is used to compute the velocity structure of the solar neighbourhood for bars of different pattern speeds and a simple action-based distribution function. The technique developed here can be applied to any non-axisymmetric potential that is stationary in a rotating from - hence also to classical spiral structure.
description: 21 pp, 18 figs, accepted by MNRAS