cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Study of the effect of turbulent interstellar mediums on young supernova remnant morphology
Creators: name: Rigon, Gabriel
name: Inoue, Tsuyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Supernova remnants (SNR) are one of the main sources of galactic cosmic rays acceleration. This acceleration, believed to happen at the blast wave front, leads to an energy loss at the shock front. This results in the apparent proximity between the blast wave and the contact discontinuity. Aims. In this article, we study the effect that turbulent-like density perturbations of the interstellar medium (ISM) have on the evolution of young SNRs. We focus on the impact such fluctuations have on the SNRs structure and more precisely on the resulting distance between blast wave and contact discontinuity. Since cosmic rays acceleration is necessary to explain this distance, this study indirectly put into question the cosmic rays acceleration at the blast wave front. Methods. We performed a set of purely hydrodynamic three-dimensional simulations without cosmic ray acceleration in a co-expanding frame. We randomly initialised the density variation of the interstellar medium following a Kolmogorov power law. The resulting ratios of radii between blast wave, contact discontinuity and reverse shock are then compared to the astronomical observations. Results. The addition of density perturbation doesnt significantly change the average ratio of radii. However, the simulations show a higher growth of interfacial instabilities in the presence of a turbulent ISM. The resulting deformation of the contact discontinuity could explain the proximity between contact discontinuity and blast wave. They also explain the plateau in the radial distribution of the line of sight velocity associated with the observations of Tycho. Conclusions. The density perturbation of the ISM should not be neglected in the simulation of young SNR as they have an impact comparable to the cosmic rays acceleration on the SNR structure.
Induction kinetics of a conditional pH stress response system in Escherichia coli
Creators: name: Fritz, Georg
name: Koller, Christiane
name: Burdack, Korinna
name: Tetsch, Larissa
name: Haneburger, Ina
name: Jung, Kirsten
name: Gerland, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The analysis of stress response systems in microorganisms can reveal molecular strategies for regulatory control and adaptation. Here, we focus on the Cad module, a subsystem of E. coli's response to acidic stress, which is conditionally activated at low pH only when lysine is available. When expressed, the Cad system counteracts the elevated H+ concentration by converting lysine to cadaverine under the consumption of H+, and exporting cadaverine in exchange for external lysine. Surprisingly, the cad operon displays a transient response, even when the conditions for its induction persist. To quantitatively characterize the regulation of the Cad module, we have experimentally recorded and theoretically modeled the dynamics of important system variables. We establish a quantitative model that adequately describes and predicts the transient expression behavior for various initial conditions. Our quantitative analysis of the Cad system supports a negative feedback by external cadaverine as the origin of the transient response. Furthermore, the analysis puts causal constraints on the precise mechanism of signal transduction via the regulatory protein CadC.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, supplementary material available upon request from the authors
Navigation Method Enhancing Music Listening Experience by Stimulating Both Neck Sides with Modulated Music Vibration
Creators: name: Yamazaki, Yusuke
name: Hasegawa, Shoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a method that stimulates musical vibration (generated from and synchronized with musical signals), modulated by the direction and distance to the target, on both sides of a user's neck with Hapbeat, a necklace-type haptic device.We conducted three experiments to confirm that the proposed method can achieve both haptic navigation and enhance the music-listening experience.Experiment 1 consisted of conducting a questionnaire survey to examine the effect of stimulating musical vibrations.Experiment 2 evaluated the accuracy (deg) of users' ability to adjust their direction toward a target using the proposed method.Experiment 3 examined the ability of four different navigation methods by performing navigation tasks in a virtual environment.The results of the experiments showed that stimulating musical vibration enhanced the music-listening experience, and that the proposed method is able to provide sufficient information to guide the users: accuracy in identifying directions was about 20 deg, participants reached the target in all navigation tasks, and in about 80% of all trials participants reached the target using the shortest route.Furthermore, the proposed method succeeded in conveying distance information, and Hapbeat can be combined with conventional navigation methods without interfering with music listening.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, in IEEE Transactions on Haptics
DEP Bulletin:Volume 39 Issue 19
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2015

description: The DEP bulletin is a semi-monthly publication of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. It contains a list of construction permit applications recently filed or acted upon by the Department along with a calendar of events of interest, a schedule of public hearings, and Environmental Impact Statements acted upon during the period.
USM RNN-T model weights binarization
Creators: name: Rybakov, Oleg
name: Serdyuk, Dmitriy
name: Zheng, Chengjian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large-scale universal speech models (USM) are already used in production. However, as the model size grows, the serving cost grows too. Serving cost of large models is dominated by model size that is why model size reduction is an important research topic. In this work we are focused on model size reduction using weights only quantization. We present the weights binarization of USM Recurrent Neural Network Transducer (RNN-T) and show that its model size can be reduced by 15.9x times at cost of word error rate (WER) increase by only 1.9% in comparison to the float32 model. It makes it attractive for practical applications.
DEP Bulletin:Volume 39 Issue 20
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2015

description: The DEP bulletin is a semi-monthly publication of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. It contains a list of construction permit applications recently filed or acted upon by the Department along with a calendar of events of interest, a schedule of public hearings, and Environmental Impact Statements acted upon during the period.
Constructing optimal entanglement witnesses. II
Creators: name: Chruscinski, Dariusz
name: Pytel, Justyna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a class of optimal nondecomposable entanglement witnesses for 4N x 4N composite quantum systems or, equivalently, a new construction of nondecomposable positive maps in the algebra of 4N x 4N complex matrices. This construction provides natural generalization of the Robertson map. It is shown that their structural physical approximations give rise to entanglement breaking channels.
description: 6 pages
Interrelations among critical current density, irreversibility field and pseudogap in hole doped high-Tc cuprates
Creators: name: Naqib, S. H.
name: Islam, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of hole content (p) and oxygen deficiency (delta) on the zero-field critical current density, Jc0, were investigated for high-quality c-axis oriented Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3O7-delta (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20) thin films. Low temperature critical current density of these films above the optimum doping were found to be high and were primarily determined by the hole concentration, reaching a maximum at p ~ 0.185 +/- 0.005, irrespective of the level of oxygen deficiency. This implies that oxygen disorder plays only a secondary role and the intrinsic Jc0 is primarily governed by the carrier concentration in the copper oxide planes. Further support in favor of this was found from the analysis of the in-plane resistive transitions of c-axis oriented crystalline thin films of YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) under magnetic fields (H) applied along the c-direction, over a wide range of doped holes. The characteristic magnetic field (H0), linked to the vortex activation energy and the irreversibility field, exhibits similar p-dependence as shown by Jc0(p). We have explained these observations in terms of the doping dependent pseudogap (PG) in the low-energy electronic energy density of states. Both the intrinsic critical current density and the irreversibility field depend directly on the superconducting condensation energy, which in turn is largely controlled by the magnitude of the hole concentration dependent PG in the quasiparticle spectral density.
description: Submitted to Superconductivity
Timing and dynamics of single cell gene expression in the arabinose utilization system
Creators: name: Megerle, Judith A.
name: Fritz, Georg
name: Gerland, Ulrich
name: Jung, Kirsten
name: Rädler, Joachim O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The arabinose utilization system of E. coli displays a stochastic "all or nothing" response at intermediate levels of arabinose, where the population divides into a fraction catabolizing the sugar at a high rate (ON state) and a fraction not utilizing arabinose (OFF state). Here we study this decision process in individual cells, focusing on the dynamics of the transition from the OFF to the ON state. Using quantitative time-lapse microscopy, we determine the time delay between inducer addition and fluorescence onset of a GFP reporter. Through independent characterization of the GFP maturation process, we can separate the lag time caused by the reporter from the intrinsic activation time of the arabinose system. The resulting distribution of intrinsic time delays scales inversely with the external arabinose concentration, and is compatible with a simple stochastic model for arabinose uptake. Our findings support the idea that the heterogeneous timing of gene induction is causally related to a broad distribution of uptake proteins at the time of sugar addition.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures; supplementary material available upon request from the authors
Detecting neutral hydrogen in emission at redshift z ~ 1
Creators: name: Khandai, Nishikanta
name: Sethi, Shiv K.
name: Di Matteo, Tiziana
name: Croft, Rupert A. C.
name: Springel, Volker
name: Jana, Anirban
name: Gardner, Jeffrey P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a large N-body simulation to examine the detectability of HI in emission at redshift z ~ 1, and the constraints imposed by current observations on the neutral hydrogen mass function of galaxies at this epoch. We consider three different models for populating dark matter halos with HI, designed to encompass uncertainties at this redshift. These models are consistent with recent observations of the detection of HI in emission at z ~ 0.8. Whilst detection of 21 cm emission from individual halos requires extremely long integrations with existing radio interferometers, such as the Giant Meter Radio Telescope (GMRT), we show that the stacked 21 cm signal from a large number of halos can be easily detected. However, the stacking procedure requires accurate redshifts of galaxies. We show that radio observations of the field of the DEEP2 spectroscopic galaxy redshift survey should allow detection of the HI mass function at the 5-12 sigma level in the mass range 10^(11.4) M_sun/h < M_halo < 10^(12.5)M_sun/h, with a moderate amount of observation time. Assuming a larger noise level that corresponds to an upper bound for the expected noise for the GMRT, the detection significance for the HI mass function is still at the 1.7-3 sigma level. We find that optically undetected satellite galaxies enhance the HI emission profile of the parent halo, leading to broader wings as well as a higher peak signal in the stacked profile of a large number of halos. We show that it is in principle possible to discern the contribution of undetected satellites to the total HI signal, even though cosmic variance limitation make this challenging for some of our models.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, Submitted To MNRAS
Topological vortexes, asymptotic freedom, and multifractals
Creators: name: Migdal, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Kelvinons: monopole ring solutions to the Euler equations, regularized as the Burgers vortex in the viscous core. There is finite anomalous dissipation in the inviscid limit. However, in the anomalous Hamiltonian, some terms are growing as logarithms of Reynolds number; these terms come from the core of the Burgers vortex. In our theory, the turbulent multifractal phenomenon is similar to asymptotic freedom in QCD, with these logarithmic terms summed up by an RG equation. The small effective coupling does not imply small velocity; on the contrary, velocity is large compared to its fluctuations, which opens the way for a quantitative theory. In the leading order in the perturbation theory in this effective coupling constant, we compute running multifractal dimensions for high moments of velocity circulation, in good agreement with the data for quantum Turbulence and available data for classical Turbulence. The logarithmic dependence of fractal dimensions on the loop size comes from the running coupling in anomalous dimensions. This slow logarithmic drift of fractal dimensions would be barely observable at Reynolds numbers achievable at modern DNS.
description: 32 pages, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2209.12312, revised topological analysis, revised energy balance analysis, a new analysis of multifractal laws with logarithmic corrections, added visualization of the Kelvinon velocity field and Q&A section; added the section with discussion of two phases of Turbulence
Spontaneous Speech-Based Suicide Risk Detection Using Whisper and Large Language Models
Creators: name: Cui, Ziyun
name: Lei, Chang
name: Wu, Wen
name: Duan, Yinan
name: Qu, Diyang
name: Wu, Ji
name: Chen, Runsen
name: Zhang, Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The early detection of suicide risk is important since it enables the intervention to prevent potential suicide attempts. This paper studies the automatic detection of suicide risk based on spontaneous speech from adolescents, and collects a Mandarin dataset with 15 hours of suicide speech from more than a thousand adolescents aged from ten to eighteen for our experiments. To leverage the diverse acoustic and linguistic features embedded in spontaneous speech, both the Whisper speech model and textual large language models (LLMs) are used for suicide risk detection. Both all-parameter finetuning and parameter-efficient finetuning approaches are used to adapt the pre-trained models for suicide risk detection, and multiple audio-text fusion approaches are evaluated to combine the representations of Whisper and the LLM. The proposed system achieves a detection accuracy of 0.807 and an F1-score of 0.846 on the test set with 119 subjects, indicating promising potential for real suicide risk detection applications.
description: Accepted by Interspeech 2024
Femtoscopy and energy-momentum conservation effects in proton-proton collisions at 900 GeV in ALICE
Creators: name: Bock, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two particle correlations are used to extract information about the characteristic size of the system for proton-proton collisions at 900 GeV measured by the ALICE (A Large Ion Collider experiment) detector at CERN. The correlation functions obtained show the expected Bose-Einstein effect for identical particles, but there are also long range correlations present that shift the baseline from the expected flat behavior. A possible source of these correlations is the conservation of energy and momentum, especially for small systems, where the energy available for particle production is limited. A new technique, first introduced by the STAR collaboration, of quantifying these long range correlations using energy-momentum conservation considerations is presented here. It is shown that the baseline of the two particle correlation function can be described using this technique.
description: Hot Quarks 2010 conference proceedings, to appear in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS)
Beyond Performance Plateaus: A Comprehensive Study on Scalability in Speech Enhancement
Creators: name: Zhang, Wangyou
name: Saijo, Kohei
name: Jung, Jee-weon
name: Li, Chenda
name: Watanabe, Shinji
name: Qian, Yanmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep learning-based speech enhancement (SE) models have achieved impressive performance in the past decade. Numerous advanced architectures have been designed to deliver state-of-the-art performance; however, their scalability potential remains unrevealed. Meanwhile, the majority of research focuses on small-sized datasets with restricted diversity, leading to a plateau in performance improvement. In this paper, we aim to provide new insights for addressing the above issues by exploring the scalability of SE models in terms of architectures, model sizes, compute budgets, and dataset sizes. Our investigation involves several popular SE architectures and speech data from different domains. Experiments reveal both similarities and distinctions between the scaling effects in SE and other tasks such as speech recognition. These findings further provide insights into the under-explored SE directions, e.g., larger-scale multi-domain corpora and efficiently scalable architectures.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables, Accepted by Interspeech 2024
"Capillary'' structures in transversely trapped nonlinear optical beams
Creators: name: Ruban, Victor P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A mathematical analogy between paraxial optics with two circular polarizations of light in a defocusing Kerr medium with positive dispersion, binary Bose-Einstein condensates of cold atoms in the phase separation regime, and hydrodynamics of two immiscible compressible liquids can help in theoretical search for unknown three-dimensional coherent optical structures. In this work, transversely trapped (by a smooth profile of the refractive index) light beams are considered and new numerical examples are presented, including a ``floating drop'', a precessing longitudinal optical vortex with an inhomogeneous profile of filling with the second component, and the combination of a drop and a vortex filament. Filled vortices that are perpendicular to the beam axis and propagate at large distances have also been simulated. V. P. Ruban, JETP Lett. 117(4), 292 (2023); DOI: 10.1134/S0021364022603311
description: 6 pages, 10 figures, in English, to appear as [JETP Lett. 117(4), 292 (2023)]
The effects of short-term high intenisty interval training compared to moderate intensity continuous training on cardiometabolic health and inflammation in individuals at elevated risk of type 2 diabetes.
Creators: name: Robinson, Emily Rebecca
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Chronic low-grade inflammation plays a key role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exercise is known to reduce inflammation, although the underlying mechanisms responsible are not fully elucidated. One proposed mechanism is reduced expression of pro-inflammatory toll-like receptors (TLRs) on immune cells after exercise training. High intensity interval training (HIIT), when compared to traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), may result in superior cardiovascular and metabolic benefits but the impact of HIIT on inflammation has not been adequately studied. The aim of this thesis was to compare two weeks of HIIT to MICT for improving cardiometabolic risk factors and markers of inflammation, including TLRs, in previously inactive adults diagnosed with prediabetes. Inactive adults with prediabetes (N=39, age 30 – 65 years) were recruited and randomly assigned to an exercise intervention involving 10 days of progressive HIIT (4-10 X 1-min @ ~85% peak heart rate [HRPEAK] 1-min rest periods) or MICT (20-50 min @ ~60% HRPEAK) matched for estimated external work. Before and ~48-72 hr after the final training session, participants completed a maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂PEAK) test and markers of inflammation and cardiometabolic health were measured. The central hypotheses that HIIT would result in greater improvements in cardiometabolic health and cause a larger reduction in markers of inflammation were not supported. Both HIIT (1.8 ± 0.4 vs. 1.9 ± 0.4 L/min, pre vs. post) and MICT (1.8 ± 0.5 vs. 1.9 ± 0.5 L/min, pre vs. post) were equally effective at improving VO₂PEAK (p<0.001). TLR4 expression was reduced on lymphocytes and monocytes after both HIIT and MICT (P<0.05) and on neutrophils after MICT only (p<0.01). TLR2 on lymphocytes was also significantly reduced after both HIIT and MICT (p<0.05). Plasma inflammatory cytokines and insulin were unchanged after training in both groups but MICT led to a reduction in fasting plasma glucose (P<0.05, 5.9 ± 1.0 vs. 5.6 ± 1.0 mmol/l, pre vs. post). This study further supports HIIT as a viable training option for previously inactive adults at elevated risk of T2DM. However the increased duration of exercise associated with more traditional MICT may provide a greater stimulus reducing neutrophil TLR4 and lowering fasting glucose when compared to HIIT.
$w$-singularities in cosmological models
Creators: name: Fernández-Jambrina, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently a new type of cosmological singularity has been postulated for infinite barotropic index $w$ in the equation of state $p=w ρ$ of the cosmological fluid, but vanishing pressure and density at the singular event. Apparently the barotropic index $w$ would be the only physical quantity to blow up at the singularity. In this talk we would like to discuss the strength of such singularities and compare them with other types. We show that they are weak singularities.
description: 4 pp, jpconf.cls, to appear in Proceedings of Spanish Relativity Meeting 2010 (ERE 2010) held in Granada, Spain
Coupled-resonator-induced transparency with a squeezed vacuum
Creators: name: Di, Ke
name: Xie, Changde
name: Zhang, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first experimental observation of quantum fluctuation spectra in two coupled optical cavities with an injected squeezed vacuum light. The quadrature components of the reflected squeezed vacuum spectra are measured by phase sensitive homodyne detector. The experimental results demonstrate coupled-resonator-induced transparency in the quantum regime, in which electromagnetically-induced-transparency-like characteristic of the absorption and dispersion properties of the coupled optical cavities determines the line-shape of the reflected quantum noise spectra.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
URGENT Challenge: Universality, Robustness, and Generalizability For Speech Enhancement
Creators: name: Zhang, Wangyou
name: Scheibler, Robin
name: Saijo, Kohei
name: Cornell, Samuele
name: Li, Chenda
name: Ni, Zhaoheng
name: Kumar, Anurag
name: Pirklbauer, Jan
name: Sach, Marvin
name: Watanabe, Shinji
name: Fingscheidt, Tim
name: Qian, Yanmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The last decade has witnessed significant advancements in deep learning-based speech enhancement (SE). However, most existing SE research has limitations on the coverage of SE sub-tasks, data diversity and amount, and evaluation metrics. To fill this gap and promote research toward universal SE, we establish a new SE challenge, named URGENT, to focus on the universality, robustness, and generalizability of SE. We aim to extend the SE definition to cover different sub-tasks to explore the limits of SE models, starting from denoising, dereverberation, bandwidth extension, and declipping. A novel framework is proposed to unify all these sub-tasks in a single model, allowing the use of all existing SE approaches. We collected public speech and noise data from different domains to construct diverse evaluation data. Finally, we discuss the insights gained from our preliminary baseline experiments based on both generative and discriminative SE methods with 12 curated metrics.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables. Accepted by Interspeech 2024. An extended version of the accepted manuscript with appendix
Universal competitive spectral scaling from the critical non-Hermitian skin effect
Creators: name: Qin, Fang
name: Ma, Ye
name: Shen, Ruizhe
name: Lee, Ching Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, it was discovered that certain non-Hermitian systems can exhibit qualitative different properties at different system sizes, such as being gapless at small sizes and having topological edge modes at large sizes $L$. This dramatic system size sensitivity is known as the critical non-Hermitian skin effect (cNHSE), and occurs due to the competition between two or more non-Hermitian pumping channels. In this work, we rigorously develop the notion of a size-dependent generalized Brillouin zone (GBZ) in a general multi-component cNHSE model ansatz, and found that the GBZ exhibits a universal $a+b^{1/(L+1)}$ scaling behavior. In particular, we provided analytical estimates of the scaling rate $b$ in terms of model parameters, and demonstrated their good empirical fit with two paradigmatic models, the coupled Hatano-Nelson model with offset, and the topologically coupled chain model with offset. We also provided analytic result for the critical size $L_c$, below which cNHSE scaling is frozen. The cNHSE represents the result of juxtaposing different channels for bulk-boundary correspondence breaking, and can be readily demonstrated in non-Hermitian metamaterials and circuit arrays.
description: 28 pages, 13 figures, update references, published version
Piston press test procedures for predicting energy-size reduction of high pressure grinding rolls
Creators: name: Davaanyam, Zorigtkhuu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: High Pressure Grinding Rolls (HPGR) have been used for over 20 years, however the technology has not received wide industry acceptance despite reports of substantial energy advantages. One barrier is that full and fair consideration cannot be given to HPGR-based comminution circuits for early-stage mining projects, because industry standard tests require large sample sizes for evaluation of the technology. The main objective of the research was to develop methodologies, requiring small sample quantities, to predict the energy–size reduction performance of HPGRs. A key outcome is the development of three piston press testing procedures that require significantly less sample than standard HPGR evaluation methods. One method, referred to as the direct calibration methodology, involves calibrating results of piston press tests against pilot-scale HPGR tests. This methodology was developed primarily for situations where HPGR test data is only available for a composite sample and the energy requirements of individual geometallurgical units within a deposit are to be determined. To address the case where HPGR test results are not available, a second method was developed which relies only on piston press testing and empirical equations that were determined from a database of pilot-scale HPGR results. The simulation-based methodology was also developed to be able to assess the impact of changes in HPGR operation or circuit configuration on comminution performance. An existing energy–breakage model was adopted and modified for application to particle-bed comminution. The three methodologies were compared by applying them to samples from a copper-gold deposit in central British Columbia. Through utilization of these methodologies, the energy–size reduction performance of the HPGR technology can be predicted with small sample requirements which can be applied to a broad range of ore types and provide a stronger statistical basis for the process design. During development of the methodologies, significant research outcomes resulted. Controlled piston press and HPGR pilot tests on the same samples confirmed that normalized product PSDs of the respective equipment can be regarded as equivalent. Furthermore, data from particle-bed comminution tests was used to determine master curves describing breakage appearance functions for the compression mode of breakage.
On Ambiguity in Linear Inverse Problems: Entrywise Bounds on Nearly Data-Consistent Solutions and Entrywise Condition Numbers
Creators: name: Haldar, Justin P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Ill-posed linear inverse problems appear frequently in various signal processing applications. It can be very useful to have theoretical characterizations that quantify the level of ill-posedness for a given inverse problem and the degree of ambiguity that may exist about its solution. Traditional measures of ill-posedness, such as the condition number of a matrix, provide characterizations that are global in nature. While such characterizations can be powerful, they can also fail to provide full insight into situations where certain entries of the solution vector are more or less ambiguous than others. In this work, we derive novel theoretical lower- and upper-bounds that apply to individual entries of the solution vector, and are valid for all potential solution vectors that are nearly data-consistent. These bounds are agnostic to the noise statistics and the specific method used to solve the inverse problem, and are also shown to be tight. In addition, our results also lead us to introduce an entrywise version of the traditional condition number, which provides a substantially more nuanced characterization of scenarios where certain elements of the solution vector are less sensitive to perturbations than others. Our results are illustrated in an application to magnetic resonance imaging reconstruction, and we include discussions of practical computation methods for large-scale inverse problems, connections between our new theory and the traditional Cramér-Rao bound under statistical modeling assumptions, and potential extensions to cases involving constraints beyond just data-consistency.
Tunable multi-photon Rabi oscillations in an electronic spin system
Creators: name: Bertaina, S.
name: Groll, N.
name: Chen, L.
name: Chiorescu, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on multi-photon Rabi oscillations and controlled tuning of a multi-level system at room temperature (S=5/2 for Mn2+:MgO) in and out of a quasi-harmonic level configuration. The anisotropy is much smaller than the Zeeman splittings, such as the six level scheme shows only a small deviation from an equidistant diagram. This allows us to tune the spin dynamics by either compensating the cubic anisotropy with a precise static field orientation, or by microwave field intensity. Using the rotating frame approximation, the experiments are very well explained by both an analytical model and a generalized numerical model. The calculated multi-photon Rabi frequencies are in excellent agreement with the experimental data.
Surface flux transport modeling for solar cycles 15--21: effects of cycle-dependent tilt angles of sunspot groups
Creators: name: Cameron, R. H.
name: Jiang, J.
name: Schmitt, D.
name: Schüssler, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the surface magnetic field and open flux of the Sun from 1913 to 1986 using a surface flux transport model, which includes the observed cycle-to-cycle variation of sunspot group tilts. The model reproduces the empirically derived time evolution of the solar open magnetic flux, and the reversal times of the polar fields. We find that both the polar field and the axial dipole moment resulting from this model around cycle minimum correlate with the strength of the following cycle.
description: Accepted for publication by ApJ
Atomically Sharp Internal Interface in a Chiral Weyl Semimetal Nanowire
Creators: name: Mathur, Nitish
name: Yuan, Fang
name: Cheng, Guangming
name: Kaushik, Sahal
name: Robredo, Iñigo
name: Vergniory, Maia G.
name: Cano, Jennifer
name: Yao, Nan
name: Jin, Song
name: Schoop, Leslie M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Internal interfaces in Weyl semimetals (WSMs) are predicted to host distinct topological features that are different from the commonly studied external interfaces (crystal-to-vacuum boundaries). However, the lack of atomically sharp and crystallographically oriented internal interfaces in WSMs makes it difficult to experimentally investigate hidden topological states buried inside the material. Here, we study a unique internal interface known as merohedral twin boundary in chemically synthesized single-crystal nanowires (NWs) of CoSi, a chiral WSM of space group P213 (No. 198). High resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals that this internal interface is (001) twin plane and connects two enantiomeric counterparts at an atomically sharp interface with inversion twinning. Ab-initio calculations show localized internal Fermi arcs at the (001) twin boundary that can be clearly distinguished from both external Fermi arcs and bulk states. These merohedrally twinned CoSi NWs provide an ideal material system to probe unexplored topological properties associated with internal interfaces in WSMs.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures
Magnetism of $\mathrm{NaYbS_2}$: From finite temperatures to ground state
Creators: name: Zhuo, Weizhen
name: Zhang, Zheng
name: Xie, Mingtai
name: Zhang, Anmin
name: Ji, Jianting
name: Jin, Feng
name: Zhang, Qingming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rare-earth chalcogenide compounds $\mathrm{ARECh_2}$ (A = alkali or monovalent metal, RE = rare earth, Ch = O, S, Se, Te) are a large family of quantum spin liquid (QSL) candidate materials. $\mathrm{NaYbS_2}$ is a representative member of the family. Several key issues on $\mathrm{NaYbS_2}$, particularly how to determine the highly anisotropic spin Hamiltonian and describe the magnetism at finite temperatures and the ground state, remain to be addressed. In this paper, we conducted an in-depth and comprehensive study on the magnetism of $\mathrm{NaYbS_2}$ from finite temperatures to the ground state. Firstly, we successfully detected three crystalline electric field (CEF) excitation energy levels using low-temperature Raman scattering technique. Combining them with the CEF theory and magnetization data, we worked out the CEF parameters, CEF energy levels, and CEF wavefunctions. We further determined a characteristic temperature of $\sim$40 K, above which the magnetism is dominated by CEF excitations while below which the spin-exchange interactions play a main role. The characteristic temperature has been confirmed by the temperature-dependent electron spin resonance (ESR) linewidth. Low-temperature ESR experiments on the dilute magnetic doped crystal of $\mathrm{NaYb_{0.1}Lu_{0.9}S_2}$ further helped us to determine the accurate $g$-factor. Next, we quantitatively obtained the spin-exchange interactions in the spin Hamiltonian by consistently simulating the magnetization and specific heat data. Finally, the above studies allow us to explore the ground state magnetism of $\mathrm{NaYbS_2}$ by using the density matrix renormalization group. We combined numerical calculations and experimental results to demonstrate that the ground state of $\mathrm{NaYbS_2}$ is a Dirac-like QSL.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Fast proper orthogonal descriptors for many-body interatomic potentials
Creators: name: Nguyen, Ngoc-Cuong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of differentiable invariant descriptors for accurate representations of atomic environments plays a central role in the success of interatomic potentials for chemistry and materials science. We introduce a method to generate fast proper orthogonal descriptors for the construction of many-body interatomic potentials and discuss its relation to exising empirical and machine learning interatomic potentials. A traditional way of implementing the proper orthogonal descriptors has a computational complexity that scales exponentially with the body order in terms of the number of neighbors. We present an algorithm to compute the proper orthogonal descriptors with a computational complexity that scales linearly with the number of neighbors irrespective of the body order. We show that our method can enable a more efficient implementation for a number of existing potentials and provide a scalable systematic framework to construct new many-body potentials. The new potentials are demonstrated on a data set of density functional theory calculations for Tantalum and compared with other interatomic potentials.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures, 8 tables
Frequency splitting of intervalley phonons in graphene
Creators: name: Ziegler, K.
name: Kogan, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the thermal distribution of intervalley phonons in a graphene sheet. These phonons have two components with the same frequency. The degeneracy of the two modes is preserved by weak electron-phonon coupling. A sufficiently strong electron-phonon coupling, however, can result in a splitting into an optical and an acoustic phonon branch, which creates a fluctuating gap in the electronic spectrum. We describe these effects by treating the phonon distribution within a saddle-point approximation. Fluctuations around the saddle point indicate a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition of the acoustic branch. This transition might be observable in the polarization of Raman scattered light.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Continuous-variable multipartite unlockable bound entangled Gaussian states
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Continuous-variable (CV) multipartite unlockable bound-entangled states is investigated in this paper. Comparing with the qubit multipartite unlockable bound-entangled states, CV multipartite unlockable bound-entangled states present the new and different properties. CV multipartite unlockable bound-entangled states may serve as a useful quantum resource for new multiparty communication schemes. The experimental protocol for generating CV unlockable bound-entangled states is proposed with a setup that is at present accessible.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Insights into cargo adaptor function through the study of novel interactors
Creators: name: Bean, Bjorn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: In Eukaryotes, luminal and transmembrane proteins are moved to their functional locations by conserved membrane trafficking machinery. In this process, cargo adaptors bind motifs present on cargo, indirectly linking the proteins to coats, which deform membranes and form transport vesicles. Here, cargo adaptor recruitment and cargo recognition was studied by characterizing associated factors in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Possible cargo adaptor-associated factors were identified in a proteomics study that grouped protein-protein interactions into 501 putative membrane associated complexes using a Markov clustering algorithm. Two clusters were selected for this work. The first contained the uncharacterized protein Ssp120 with the endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi trafficking complex Emp46/Emp47. Ssp120 stably interacted with the Emp46/Emp47 complex and depended on Emp47 for its punctate localization. The C-terminus of Ssp120 mediated the interaction. Homology with human MCFD2 suggests that Ssp120 may link a subset of cargo to Emp46/Emp47. The second cluster was comprised of retromer, an endosome-to-Golgi trafficking complex, and the Rab5-family guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Muk1. Both Muk1 and the other known Rab5-family GEF, Vps9, interacted with retromer and the presence of at least one was required for retromer recruitment to endosomes. Additionally, a new VPS9 domain-containing protein present was identified and shown to complement loss of MUK1 and VPS9. Retromer recruitment was shown to be dependent on putative GEF catalytic residues and the presence of their target Rabs. Furthermore, loss of GEFs resulted in mislocalization of the potential Rab5-family GTPase effector, Vps34, and its lipid product, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P), to the vacuolar membrane. As retromer is recruited by PI3P, the data support a positive feedback model whereby retromer interacts with GEFs to indirectly modify the lipid composition of the membrane allowing further localized recruitment. This study validates the approach of studying novel interactors of cargo recognition complexes to better understand their function. It suggests that Ssp120 may recognize a subset of Emp46-Emp47 cargo, indicating that an associated factor can diversify the proteins recognized by a given cargo adaptor. Furthermore, the work on retromer suggests a novel mechanism for the reinforcement of cargo selective complex recruitment that may be conserved in humans.
DEP Bulletin:Volume 39 Issue 21
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2015

description: The DEP bulletin is a semi-monthly publication of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. It contains a list of construction permit applications recently filed or acted upon by the Department along with a calendar of events of interest, a schedule of public hearings, and Environmental Impact Statements acted upon during the period.
On the capability of high redshift kSZ measurement with galaxy surveys
Creators: name: Chen, Ziyang
name: Zhang, Pengjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The kSZ effect has been detected at z<1 using various techniques and data sets. The ongoing and upcoming spectroscopic galaxy surveys such as DESI and PFS will push the detection beyond z = 1, and therefore map the baryon distribution at high redshifts. Such detection can be achieved by both the kSZ stacking and tomography methods. While the two methods are theoretically equivalent, they differ significantly in the probed physics and scales, and required data sets. Taking the combination of PFS and ACT as an example, we build mocks of kSZ and galaxies, quantify the kSZ detection S/N, and compare between the two methods. We segment the PFS galaxies into three redshift bins: 0.6 < z < 1.0, 1.0 < z < 1.6, and 1.6 < z < 2.4. For tomography method, our analysis reveals that the two higher redshift bins exhibit higher S/N, with values of 32 and 28, respectively, compared to the first redshift bin (S/N = 8). This is attributed to not only the increasing of electron density with redshifts, but also the larger survey volume and the reduced non-linearity, facilitating velocity reconstruction at higher redshifts. Therefore, the capability of the PFS survey to measure high redshift kSZ effect stands as a substantial advantage over other spectroscopic surveys at lower redshift. The S/N of kSZ stacking largely depends on the number of clusters/groups available from another photometric survey. But in general, its S/N is lower than that of kSZ tomography. Incorporating next-generation CMB surveys like CMB-S4, characterized by significantly reduced instrument noise and improved angular resolution, is expected to enhance tomographic detection by a factor of ten and stacking detection by five. This future high S/N detection holds the promise of not only providing precise constraints on the overall baryon abundance but also initiating a new insight into baryon distribution.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures;