cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Relation Between Photoionisation Cross Sections and Attosecond Time Delays
Creators: name: Ji, Jia-Bao
name: Kheifets, Anatoli S.
name: Han, Meng
name: Ueda, Kiyoshi
name: Wörner, Hans Jakob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Determination and interpretation of Wigner-like photoionisation delays is one of the most active fields of attosecond science. Previous results have suggested that large photoionisation delays are associated with structured continua, but a quantitative relation between photoionisation cross sections and time delays has been missing. Here, we derive a Kramers-Kronig-like relation between these quantities and demonstrate its validity for (anti)resonances. This new concept defines a topological analysis, which rationalises the sign of photoionisation delays and thereby sheds new light on a long-standing controversy regarding the sign of the photoionisation delay near the Ar 3s Cooper minimum. Our work bridges traditional photoionisation spectroscopy with attosecond chronoscopy and offers new methods for analysing and interpreting photoionisation delays.
A metriplectic formulation of polarized radiative transfer
Creators: name: Bosboom, Vincent
name: Kraus, Michael
name: Schlottbom, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a metriplectic formulation of the radiative transfer equation with polarization and varying refractive index and show that this formulation automatically satisfies the first two laws of thermodynamics. In particular, the derived antisymmetric bracket enjoys the Jacobi identity. To obtain this formulation we suitably transform the equation and show that important physical quantities derived from the solution remain invariant under such a transformation.
One-loop Yukawas on Intersecting Branes
Creators: name: Abel, S. A.
name: Schofield, B. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate Yukawa interactions at one-loop on intersecting D6 branes. We demonstrate the non-renormalization theorem in supersymmetric configurations, and show how Yukawa beta functions may be extracted. In addition to the usual logarithmic running, we find the power-law dependence on the infra-red cut-off associated with Kaluza-Klein modes. Our results may also be used to evaluate coupling renormalization in non-supersymmetric cases.
description: 48 pages, 9 figures; minor corrections, JHEP style
A priori error analysis for a finite element approximation of dynamic viscoelasticity problems involving a fractional order integro-differential constitutive law
Creators: name: Jang, Yongseok
name: Shaw, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 74D05, 74S05, 45D05

description: We consider a fractional order viscoelasticity problem modelled by a power-law type stress relaxation function. This viscoelastic problem is a Volterra integral equation of the second kind with a weakly singular kernel where the convolution integral corresponds to fractional order differentiation/integration. We use a spatial finite element method and a finite difference scheme in time. Due to the weak singularity, fractional order integration in time is managed approximately by linear interpolation so that we can formulate a fully discrete problem. In this paper, we present a stability bound as well as a priori error estimates. Furthermore, we carry out numerical experiments with varying regularity of exact solutions at the end.
description: Accepted by Advances in Computational Mathematics
GNSS mobile road dam surveying for TanDEM-X correction to improve the database for floodwater modeling in northern Namibia
Creators: name: Arendt, Robert
name: Faulstich, Leona
name: Jüpner, Robert
name: Assmann, André
name: Lengricht, Joachim
name: Kavishe, Frank
name: Schulte, Achim
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mobile mapping
subject: TanDEM-X
subject: GNSS
subject: Precise point positioning
subject: SmartLink
subject: Cuvelai
subject: Iishana
subject: Namibia
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: The aim of this study is the improvement of the TanDEM-X elevation model for future floodwater modeling by implementing surveyed road dams and the use of filter algorithms. Modern satellite systems like TanDEM-X deliver high-resolution images with a high vertical and horizontal accuracy. Nevertheless, regarding special usage they sometimes reach their limits in documenting important features that are smaller than the grid size. Especially in the context of 2D-hydrodynamic flood modelling, the features that influence the runoff processes, e.g. road dams and culverts, have to be included for precise calculations. To fulfil the objective, the main road dams were surveyed, especially those that are blocking the flood water flowing from south Angola to the Etosha Pan in northern Namibia. First, a Leica GS 16 Sensor was installed on the roof of a car recording position data in real time while driving on the road dams in the Cuvelai Basin. In total, 532 km of road dams have been investigated during 4 days while driving at a top speed of 80 km/h. Due to the long driving distances, the daily regular adjustment of the base station would have been necessary but logistically not possible. Moreover, the lack of reference stations made a RTK and Network-RTK solution likewise impossible. For that reasons, the Leica SmartLink function was used. This method is not dependent on classic reference stations next to the GNSS sensor but instead works with geostationary satellites sending correction data in real time. The surveyed road dam elevation data have a vertical accuracy of 4.3 cm up to 10 cm. These precise measurements contribute to rectifying the TanDEM-X elevation data and thus improve the surface runoff network for the future floodwater model and should enhance the floodwater prediction for the Cuvelai Basin.
Incoherent light induced self-organization of molecules
Creators: name: Kandjani, S. Ahmadi
name: Barille, R.
name: Dabos-Seignon, S.
name: Nunzi, J. -M.
name: Ortyl, E.
name: Kucharski, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although coherent light is usually required for the self-organization of regular spatial patterns from optical beams, we show that peculiar light matter interaction can break this evidence. In the traditional method to record laser-induced periodic surface structures, a light intensity distribution is produced at the surface of a polymer film by an interference between two coherent optical beams. We report on the self-organization followed by propagation of a surface relief pattern. It is induced in a polymer film by using a low-power and small-size coherent beam assisted by a high-power and large-size incoherent and unpolarized beam. We demonstrate that we can obtain large size and well organized patterns starting from a dissipative interaction. Our experiments open new directions to improve optical processing systems.
description: 11 page, 2 figures
Additional file 3 of The adaptive designs CONSORT extension (ACE) statement: a checklist with explanation and elaboration guideline for reporting randomised trials that use an adaptive design
Creators: name: Dimairo, Munyaradzi
name: Pallmann, Philip
name: Wason, James
name: Todd, Susan
name: Jaki, Thomas
name: Julious, Steven A.
name: Mander, Adrian P.
name: Weir, Christopher J.
name: Koenig, Franz
name: Walton, Marc K.
name: Nicholl, Jon P.
name: Coates, Elizabeth
name: Biggs, Katie
name: Hamasaki, Toshimitsu
name: Proschan, Michael A.
name: Scott, John A.
name: Ando, Yuki
name: Hind, Daniel
name: Altman, Douglas G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Appendix C. Example 2 of Box 14 (Bayesian RAR).
Fluctuations-Induced Quantum Radiation and Reaction from an Atom in a Squeezed Quantum Field
Creators: name: Bravo, Matthew
name: Hsiang, Jen-Tsung
name: Hu, Bei-Lok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this third of a series on quantum radiation, we explore the feasibility of using the memories kept in a quantum field to decipher certain information about the early universe. As a model study, we let a massless quantum field be subjected to a parametric process for a finite time interval such that the mode frequency of the field transits from one constant value to another. This configuration mimics a statically-bounded universe, but not a continuously evolving one. The field squeezed by this process should contain information of the process itself. If an atom is coupled to the field after the parametric process, its response will depend on the squeezing, and any quantum radiation emitted by the atom will carry this information away so that an observer at a much later time may still identify it. Our analyses show that 1) a remote observer cannot measure the generated squeezing via the radiation energy flux from the atom because the net radiation energy flux is canceled. However, 2) there is a chance to identify squeezing by measuring the constant radiation energy density at late times. The only restriction is that this energy density is of the near-field nature. The second part of this paper focuses on 3) the dependence of squeezing on the functional form of the parametric process. Via several examples we demonstrate that the behavior of squeezing reflect essential properties of the parametric process. In fact, striking features may show up in complicated processes involving various scales. These analyses allow us to establish the connection between properties of a squeezed quantum field and the parametric process which does the squeezing. Therefore, 4) one can construct templates to reconstitute the unknown parametric processes from the data of measurable quantities subjected to squeezing. In a sequel paper these results will be applied to a study of quantum radiations in cosmology.
description: 10 pages, 43 figures
Neutrino Mass Limit from Galaxy Cluster Number Density Evolution
Creators: name: Kahniashvili, Tina
name: von Toerne, Eckhard
name: Arhipova, Natalia A.
name: Ratra, Bharat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the evolution with redshift of the number density of massive galaxy clusters are used to constrain the energy density of massive neutrinos and so the sum of neutrino masses $\sum m_ν$. We consider a spatially-flat cosmological model with cosmological constant, cold dark matter, baryonic matter, and massive neutrinos. Accounting for the uncertainties in the measurements of the relevant cosmological parameters we obtain a limit of $\sum m_ν$ $
description: 6 pages, 2 figures and references added, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Pilot scale struvite recovery potential from centrate at Lulu Island Wastewater Treatment Plant
Creators: name: Fattah, Kazi Parvez
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In this study, the workability of a newly designed, scaled up pilot-scale reactor was examined. The work was carried out at Lulu Island Wastewater Treatment Plant (LIWWTP) in Richmond, BC. One of the main objectives of the study was to demonstrate the ability of the reactor to remove at least 70% of the phosphate present in the centrate. Results showed that the reactor was capable of removing, under controlled conditions, over 90 % of phosphate and 4% of ammonia-nitrogen. Phosphate concentration in the effluent could be lowered to 5 mg/L. More than 85% of the phosphate removed was recovered as harvestable struvite pellets. The desired degree of phosphate removal was achieved by controlling the reactor supersaturation ratio. This ratio was in turn, controlled by varying the magnesium input and/or operating pH. Data collected indicated that it was possible to achieve over 90% P-removal at a pH of 7.5; this is contrary to the information found in literature, which recommends that a higher pH (8.2~9.0) is required. Factors that affected phosphate removal were the operating pH, the reactor SSR, the N:P and Mg:P molar ratios. The determination of struvite solubility product with centrate and distilled water gave different values. The solubility product was dependent on the water tested, the pH of the solution and the temperature. The temperature coefficient and enthalpy at 25°C were 1.21 and 137.5 kJ/mol, respectively. Analysis of the harvested product showed that the pellets were composed of nearly pure struvite (96% by weight), with small amounts of calcium and traces of aluminum and iron. ICP/MS testing of struvite samples found lower heavy metal content than that present in P-rock. The reactor SSR was determined to be the significant factor for pellet size; Mg:P molar ratio and upflow velocity determining the pellet hardness. Through the process, it was possible to grow pellets larger than 4.75 mm. Two struvite models, developed by Potts and Britton at UBC, were used to predict the process performance along with the phosphate and ammonia effluent concentrations. The models were validated by comparing the predicted values with the actual operational data. Comparison of P-removal efficiency, effluent phosphate and ammonia concentrations showed that the former was more accurate in the prediction. A trial was made by using an artificial neural network, Neusciences Neuframe® 4.0 model, to predict the effluent phosphate concentration. This model was found to be inefficient in its prediction, largely due to the small number of data used to train the model.
Abundance Anomalies and Rotational Evolution of Low Mass Red Giants: A Maximal Mixing Approach
Creators: name: Chaname, Julio
name: Pinsonneault, Marc
name: Terndrup, Donald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (ABRIDGED) We use a fully self-consistent evolutionary code to follow the rotational evolution of red giants, making a comprehensive attempt to assess the role of rotationally induced mixing in the development of abundance anomalies in giants with a range of masses and metallicities in stellar clusters and the field. Unlike most previous work, we do not focus on the determination of combinations of mixing rate and depth that reproduce the data on a particular stellar type. Instead, we concentrate on the more fundamental problem of the simultaneous reproduction of the CNO surface patterns in both Population I and Population II giants using the same physics and models. A general result of all our models is that rotational mixing, although present in small amounts, is inefficient on the lower RGB independently of any inhibiting effect of composition barriers. Models with differentially rotating envelopes are able to reproduce the carbon isotope data on M67 giants with initial rotation rates adequate to their progenitors, but fail to do so for open clusters of larger turnoff mass as well as for metal-poor giants in the field and globular clusters. Possible solutions are discussed. Our favored scenario is one in which the overall strength of canonical extra mixing has been underestimated by existent derivations, but which additionally needs to be coupled with a much lower efficiency for rotational mixing among the rapidly rotating open cluster giants than in the slowly rotating ones in the field and globular clusters. We hypothesize that this last requirement is provided by the interaction between convection and rotation in the envelopes of giants, in the sense that rapidly rotating stars would develop much shallower angular velocity profiles in their envelopes than do slowly rotating stars.
description: 83 pages, 21 figures; replaced with version accepted for publication in the ApJ
Additional file 2 of The adaptive designs CONSORT extension (ACE) statement: a checklist with explanation and elaboration guideline for reporting randomised trials that use an adaptive design
Creators: name: Dimairo, Munyaradzi
name: Pallmann, Philip
name: Wason, James
name: Todd, Susan
name: Jaki, Thomas
name: Julious, Steven A.
name: Mander, Adrian P.
name: Weir, Christopher J.
name: Koenig, Franz
name: Walton, Marc K.
name: Nicholl, Jon P.
name: Coates, Elizabeth
name: Biggs, Katie
name: Hamasaki, Toshimitsu
name: Proschan, Michael A.
name: Scott, John A.
name: Ando, Yuki
name: Hind, Daniel
name: Altman, Douglas G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Appendix B. Additional examples of Box 13.
Cooperative Coevolution for Non-Separable Large-Scale Black-Box Optimization: Convergence Analyses and Distributed Accelerations
Creators: name: Duan, Qiqi
name: Shao, Chang
name: Zhou, Guochen
name: Yang, Haobin
name: Zhao, Qi
name: Shi, Yuhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Given the ubiquity of non-separable optimization problems in real worlds, in this paper we analyze and extend the large-scale version of the well-known cooperative coevolution (CC), a divide-and-conquer black-box optimization framework, on non-separable functions. First, we reveal empirical reasons of when decomposition-based methods are preferred or not in practice on some non-separable large-scale problems, which have not been clearly pointed out in many previous CC papers. Then, we formalize CC to a continuous-game model via simplification, but without losing its essential property. Different from previous evolutionary game theory for CC, our new model provides a much simpler but useful viewpoint to analyze its convergence, since only the pure Nash equilibrium concept is needed and more general fitness landscapes can be explicitly considered. Based on convergence analyses, we propose a hierarchical decomposition strategy for better generalization, as for any decomposition, there is a risk of getting trapped into a suboptimal Nash equilibrium. Finally, we use powerful distributed computing to accelerate it under the recent multi-level learning framework, which combines the fine-tuning ability from decomposition with the invariance property of CMA-ES. Experiments on a set of high-dimensional test functions validate both its search performance and scalability (w.r.t. CPU cores) on a clustering computing platform with 400 CPU cores.
Test Automation Process Improvement in a DevOpsTeam: Experience Report
Creators: name: Wang, Yuqing
name: Pyhäjärvi, Maaret
name: Mäntylä, Mika V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: How to successfully conduct test automation process improvement (TAPI) for continuous development, consisting of iterative software development, continuous testing, and delivery, is the challenge faced by many software organizations. In this paper, we present an experience report on TAPI in one DevOps team in F-Secure (a Finnish software company). The team builds Windows application software and exists in F-Secure's TAPI culture. The team self-reports high satisfaction and maturity in test automation for continuous development. To study their TAPI, we reviewed a collection of experience notes, team reflection reports and telemetry result reports. Then several meetings were held to discuss the details. We found that based on the understanding of the team, test automation maturity for continuous development is defined as a set of indicators, e.g., the increasing speed to release, improving the productivity of the team, high test efficiency. Second, the team indicated that a set of critical success factors have a major impact on successfully carrying out its TAPI, e.g., incremental approach, the whole team effort, test tool choice and architecture, telemetry. Third, we compare the TAPI practices in the observed team with the practices described in prior literature. The team believes that the existing test automation maturity approaches should include the identified practices like the whole team effort to build a more comprehensive test automation improvement model for the software industry.
Modelo Principal-Agente para contratos entre pequenos produtores e empresa exportadora de manga no Rio Grande do Norte
Creators: name: Sampaio, Luciano Menezes Bezerra
name: Sampaio, Luciano Menezes Bezerra
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: game theory
subject: small producers
subject: irrigated fruit production
subject: exportation

description: Fruit production is an activity of great importance in the Brazilian commercial balance and even more in the Northeastern region. Intermediation is a regular practice in the fruit exporting market due to existence of requirements, such as quality certificates, and of internal problems in production and commercialization, such as credit limitations and absence of product standardization. Large companies, cooperatives, associations and NGOs receive products from many small producers and export them together with their own products. In Northeast, it is common that the exporting agent offers contracts to producers that include technical, administrative and legal assistance plus input supply. This paper proposes a model, using the principal-agent approach of game theory, to the case of contracts between mango exporting agents and small producers, in Rio Grande do Norte. The contract type chosen by most of the producers is optimal for both parts and leads producers to apply a high level of effort in their production. However, in the long run, these contracts may be changed with strong impact on the small producers. Extensions of the model can include bargaining in the negotiations or temporal changes, moving from static to dynamic game cases.
Cluster Algorithms for Quantum Impurity Models and Mesoscopic Kondo Physics
Creators: name: Yoo, Jaebeom
name: Chandrasekharan, Shailesh
name: Kaul, Ribhu K.
name: Ullmo, Denis
name: Baranger, Harold U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanoscale physics and dynamical mean field theory have both generated increased interest in complex quantum impurity problems and so have focused attention on the need for flexible quantum impurity solvers. Here we demonstrate that the mapping of single quantum impurity problems onto spin-chains can be exploited to yield a powerful and extremely flexible impurity solver. We implement this cluster algorithm explicitly for the Anderson and Kondo Hamiltonians, and illustrate its use in the ``mesoscopic Kondo problem''. To study universal Kondo physics, a large ratio between the effective bandwidth $D_\mathrm{eff}$ and the temperature $T$ is required; our cluster algorithm treats the mesoscopic fluctuations exactly while being able to approach the large $D_\mathrm{eff}/T$ limit with ease. We emphasize that the flexibility of our method allows it to tackle a wide variety of quantum impurity problems; thus, it may also be relevant to the dynamical mean field theory of lattice problems.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
A threefold violating a local-to-global principle for rationality
Creators: name: Frei, Sarah
name: Ji, Lena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 14E08. Secondary: 14G12, 14J20, 11G30

description: In this note we construct an example of a smooth projective threefold that is irrational over $\mathbb Q$ but is rational at all places. Our example is a complete intersection of two quadrics in $\mathbb P^5$, and we show it has the desired rationality behavior by constructing an explicit element of order $4$ in the Tate--Shafarevich group of the Jacobian of an associated genus $2$ curve.
description: 7 pages. v2: the example is now unconditional
Preschool Teachers’ Perspectives About the Engagement of Immigrant and Non-Immigrant Parents in Their Children’s Early Education
Creators: name: Kurucz, Csaba
name: Lehrl, Simone
name: Anders, Yvonne
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Preschool teachers
subject: Teacher beliefs
subject: Cultural diversity
subject: Parent engagement
subject: Family–preschool partnerships
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::155 Differentielle Psychologie, Entwicklungspsychologie

description: The present study explores the perceptions of teachers about the engagement of immigrant and non-immigrant parents in preschool. Data were drawn from a larger evaluation study of a government initiative for preschools in Germany, which was designed to foster inclusive pedagogy and parent cooperation. In these analyses, teachers’ perceptions of the engagement of immigrant parents and non-immigrant parents were rated for each parent group, on a 10-item measure, to identify how teacher ratings varied for the different parent groups. Data from 1397 preschool teachers, employed across 203 preschools, were analyzed using multilevel modeling. This statistical approach takes account of the clustered nature of the data. Teacher ratings of engagement for immigrant and non-immigrant parent groups differed between preschools. Most variability in the ratings could be ascribed to preschool characteristics. In preschools, in which staff held a shared understanding of dealing with cultural diversity and in which the director of the preschool had a multicultural mindset, teachers perceived engagement of parents more positively, especially for immigrant parents. Overall, the findings identified the importance of self-efficacy for inclusion and more positive beliefs about multiculturalism among preschool teachers. Such qualities are important for working with all parents. However, unfavorable social structures, such as those found in disadvantaged areas, may present major challenges for parent cooperation and engagement.
Explaining Agro-Industrial Contract Breaches: The Case of Brazilian Tomatoes Processing Industry
Creators: name: Zylbersztajn, Decio
name: Nadalini, Lygia B.
name: Zylbersztajn, Decio
name: Nadalini, Lygia B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: agro-food governance
subject: transaction costs and strategy
subject: agroindustry contracts.

description: Three hundred small tomato growers located in Brazilian northeast states, supplied a processing industry. In view of the large number of contract hazards and weak enforcement of clauses, managers have decided to move to the Midwest, where a reduced number of larger farmers have been contracted. The industry blamed high transaction costs due to the weak mechanism of public enforcement of property rights. The industry blamed some farmers of selling the product at the market for fresh consumption. Also, farmers blamed the industry for taking advantage of asymmetric information related to quality. This study presents an analysis of contract architecture and an evaluation of effects of transaction costs related variables on the likelihood of contract breaches. A panel data study with 1,523 observations and limited dependent variable models has been formulated to test hypothesis based on transaction cost theory. Results show that opportunism and the absence of courts guarantees of property rights precluded the possibility of achieving a stable contract relationship in the region.
Additional file 1 of Evaluation of a social determinants of health screening questionnaire and workflow pilot within an adult ambulatory clinic
Creators: name: Berkowitz, Rachel L.
name: Bui, Linh
name: Shen, Zijun
name: Pressman, Alice
name: Moreno, Maria
name: Brown, Stephanie
name: Nilon, Anne
name: Miller-Rosales, Chris
name: Azar, Kristen M. J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Threshold and Actions for 11-Question SDOH Pilot Questionnaire.
Description and Technical specification of Cybernetic Transportation Systems: an urban transportation concept
Creators: name: Roldão, Luis
name: Pérez, Joshue
name: González, David
name: Milanés, and Vicente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Cybernetic Transportation Systems (CTS) is an urban mobility concept based on two ideas: the car sharing and the automation of dedicated systems with door-to-door capabilities. In the last decade, many European projects have been developed in this context, where some of the most important are: Cybercars, Cybercars2, CyberMove, CyberC3 and CityMobil. Different companies have developed a first fleet of CTSs in collaboration with research centers around Europe, Asia and America. Considering these previous works, the FP7 project CityMobil2 is on progress since 2012. Its goal is to solve some of the limitations found so far, including the definition of the legal framework for autonomous vehicles on urban environment. This work describes the different improvements, adaptation and instrumentation of the CTS prototypes involved in European cities. Results show tests in our facilities at INRIA-Rocquencourt (France) and the first showcase at León (Spain)
The critical current of disordered superconductors near 0 K
Creators: name: Doron, A.
name: Levinson, T.
name: Gorniaczyk, F.
name: Tamir, Idan
name: Shahar, D.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Electronic properties and materials
subject: Superconducting properties and materials
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: An increasing current through a superconductor can result in a discontinuous increase in the differential resistance at the critical current. This critical current is typically associated either with breaking of Cooper-pairs or with the onset of collective motion of vortices. Here we measure the current–voltage characteristics of superconducting films at low temperatures and high magnetic fields. Using heat-balance considerations we demonstrate that the current–voltage characteristics are well explained by electron overheating enhanced by the thermal decoupling of the electrons from the host phonons. By solving the heat-balance equation we are able to accurately predict the critical currents in a variety of experimental conditions. The heat-balance approach is universal and applies to diverse situations from critical currents to climate change. One disadvantage of the universality of this approach is its insensitivity to the details of the system, which limits our ability to draw conclusions regarding the initial departure from equilibrium.
Comprehensive characterization of an apparatus for cold electromagnetic dysprosium dipoles
Creators: name: Anich, Gregor
name: Höllrigl, Niclas
name: Kreyer, Marian
name: Grimm, Rudolf
name: Kirilov, Emil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the development of an advanced ultracold dysprosium apparatus, which incorporates a cold atom microscope (CAM) with a design resolution of a quarter micrometer. The CAM and the cooling and trapping regions are within the same vacuum glass vessel ensuring simple atom transport between them. We demonstrate the essential experimental steps of laser and evaporative cooling, lattice loading, transporting and precise positioning of a cloud of the bosonic isotope $^{164}$Dy at the CAM focal plane. Basic characterization of the CAM and future plans in enabling its full capacity are outlined. We also present a feasible platform for simulating complex spin models of quantum magnetism, such as the $XYZ$ model, by exploiting a set of closely spaced opposite parity levels in Dy with a large magnetic and electric dipole moment. We isolate a degenerate isospin-1/2 system, which possesses both magnetic and electric dipole-dipole coupling, containing Ising, exchange and spin-orbit terms. The last gives rise to a spin model with asymmetric tunable rates that depend on the lattice geometry.
CMB Polarimetry using Correlation Receivers with the PIQUE and CAPMAP Experiments
Creators: name: Barkats, D.
name: Bischoff, C.
name: Farese, P.
name: Gaier, T.
name: Gundersen, J. O.
name: Hedman, M. M.
name: Hyatt, L.
name: McMahon, J. J.
name: Samtleben, D.
name: Staggs, S. T.
name: Stefanescu, E.
name: Vanderlinde, K.
name: Winstein, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Princeton IQU Experiment (PIQUE) and the Cosmic Anisotropy Polarization MAPper (CAPMAP) are experiments designed to measure the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) on sub-degree scales in an area within 1 degree of the North Celestial Pole using heterodyne correlation polarimeters and off-axis telescopes located in central New Jersey. PIQUE produced the tightest limit on the CMB polarization prior to its detection by DASI, while CAPMAP has recently detected polarization at l~1000. The experimental methods and instrumentation for these two projects are described in detail with emphasis on the particular challenges involved in measuring the tiny polarized component of the CMB.
description: 70 pages, 13 tables, 18 figures. Accepted by ApJS; tentative publication ApJS July 2005, v159 1
Abundances in the high-redshift Intergalactic Medium
Creators: name: Schaye, Joop
name: Aguirre, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The enrichment of the intergalactic medium (IGM) with heavy elements provides us with a record of past star formation and with an opportunity to study the interactions between galaxies and their environments. We summarize current data analysis methods and observational constraints on abundances in the diffuse, high-redshift (z > 2) IGM. This review is targeted at interested outsiders and attempts to answer the following questions: Why should you care? What do we want to measure? How do we do it? What do we know? What are the common misconceptions?
description: 12 pages. Invited review to appear in "From Lithium to Uranium: Elemental Tracers of Early Cosmic Evolution", IAU Symposium 228, V. Hill, P. Francois & F. Primas, eds
Efeitos potenciais da política tributária sobre o consumo de alimentos e insumos agropecuários: uma análise de equilíbrio geral inter-regional
Creators: name: Santos, Carliton Vieira Dos
name: Ferreira Filho, Joaquim Bento De Souza
name: Santos, Carliton Vieira Dos
name: Ferreira Filho, Joaquim Bento De Souza
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: tax policy
subject: indirect taxes
subject: foods
subject: agricultural activity
subject: general equilibrium.

description: This paper analyses the potentials long run effects on the Brazilian economy of two policies in the field of the indirect taxes: a) the reduction of indirect taxes on food consumption by the households and; b) the reduction of indirect taxes on the main inputs used in the agricultural activity. The analysis is accomplished through two simulation exercises using a static inter-regional applied general equilibrium model. The benchmark year is 2001. The results of both simulations are found to be similar, except in terms of magnitude: the most intense effects are associated to the reduction the taxation on foods. Both simulations show expansion in the level of economic activity in the poorest regions of the country and reduction in the richest. They also show a potential for improving the welfare of the low income classes in all regions, especially in the poorest: North and Northeast. The negative impact on the governments’ revenue is the main restriction to the implementation of these policies. Results also show that the effects of tax policies differ among regions, sometimes substantially, what strengthen the usefulness the interregional applied general equilibrium models for the analysis of tax policies impacts in Brazil.
Helium Enhancement in the Metal Rich Red Giants of Omega Centauri
Creators: name: Hema, B. P.
name: Pandey, Gajendra
name: Kurucz, R. L.
name: Prieto, C. Allende
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The helium-enriched (He-enriched) metal-rich red giants of Omega Centauri, discovered by Hema and Pandey using the low-resolution spectra from the Vainu Bappu Telescope (VBT) and confirmed by the analyses of the high-resolution spectra obtained from the HRS-South African Large Telescope (SALT) for LEID 34225 and LEID 39048, are reanalysed here to determine their degree of He-enhancement/hydrogen-deficiency (H-deficiency). The observed MgH band combined with model atmospheres with differing He/H ratios are used for the analyses. The He/H ratios of these two giants are determined by enforcing the fact that the derived Mg abundances from the MgI lines and from the subordinate lines of the MgH band must be same for the adopted model atmosphere. The estimated He/H ratios for LEID 34225 and LEID 39048 are 0.15+/-0.04 and 0.20+/-0.04, respectively, whereas the normal He/H ratio is 0.10. Following the same criteria for the analyses of the other two comparison stars (LEID 61067 and LEID 32169), a normal He/H ratio of 0.10 is obtained. The He/H ratio of 0.15-0.20 corresponds to a mass fraction of helium (Z(He)=Y) of about 0.375-0.445. The range of helium enhancement and the derived metallicity of the program stars are in line with those determined for Omega Cen blue main-sequence stars. Hence, our study provides the missing link for the evolutionary track of the metal-rich helium-enhanced population of Omega Centuari. This research work is the very first spectroscopic determination of the amount of He-enhancement in the metal-rich red giants of Omega Centauri using the MgI and MgH lines.
description: 22 pages, 3 fugures, 1 table, Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Democracy and non-violent structural change : a critical inquiry into the concept of civil society and its relationships with adult learning
Creators: name: Palacios, Carolina
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Globalization, the democratic movements in Latin America and Eastern Europe of the 1980s and 90s and the recent worldwide decline in human security have contributed to the reemergence of civil society as an important notion in relation to democracy. Using the techniques of analytic inquiry, this critical analysis of the concept of'civil society' sought to gain a richer and deeper understanding of the term and its relationship with adult learning. Recent political, social and democratic theories, in addition to theories of civil society and the public sphere were explored and key conceptual distinctions and relations were examined. Moreover, the historical roots of civil society were investigated in relation to the state-civil society relationship and differentiation of societal spheres, including the postnational context. The analysis led to a proposed expansion and modification of Habermas's system-lifeworld model and draws connections with Gramscian concepts such as hegemony, common sense and the historical bloc, as employed by these two theorists and others who have expanded on their theories and concepts. The notions of political and economic society were also integrated into the framework and the workplace and homeplace were identified as important sites because of the democratic potential of their location overlapping intimate and non-intimate spaces in the lifeworld, civil society, state and economy. The inquiry concludes adult learning, particularly in social movements, has an important role to play in energizing civil society and cultivating a vibrant public sphere by challenging hegemonic relations and contributing to collective will articulation in the on-going construction of a radical, deliberative, plural and participative democracy.
Computational study of self-heating ignition and smouldering combustion of carbon-rich porous media
Creators: name: Yuan, Han
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Self-heating describes the tendency of carbon-rich porous media to spontaneously rise its temperature, driven by internal exothermic reactions and poor heat dissipation to the surroundings. The self-heating ignition of carbon-rich media can initiate fires, leading to energy waste, ecosystem degradation, damage to industrial facilities, and even loss of life. In this thesis, I computationally studied the transient evolution and mechanisms in self-heating ignition and smouldering combustion of coal and peat, two representative materials of importance in industry and nature respectively. Based on Gpyro, an open-source code, I built a computational model and validated it against laboratory experiments from the literature that cover two configurations, a wide range of sample sizes, and various coal sources. By integrating the model with a 2-step scheme that considers oxygen adsorption and heterogeneous combustion, I investigated the link between self-heating ignition and smouldering spread. The simulations revealed that the smouldering front originated near the hot boundary and then spread towards the free surface seeking oxygen supply. Including drying and desorption, a more complete 4-step scheme is obtained through inverse-modelling of microscale experiments and the simulations based on the 4-step scheme revealed that self-heating ignition at large scale is mainly driven by oxygen adsorption. Using a similar method, I then studied peat and produced a 3-step scheme that includes drying, biological reaction, and chemical oxidation for it. After validating the model against experiments in the literature, I simulated the self-heating ignition of large-scale peat layers for the first time. It was shown that biological reaction can trigger the acceleration of chemical oxidation, which eventually leads to smouldering fires. Overall, this thesis has provided a novel model that is able to predict a wide range of experiments of self-heating ignition for two carbon-rich porous media. The link between self-heating ignition and smouldering spread has been revealed, and the chemical multi-step effect at large scale has been analysed in detail, which improves our fundamental understanding of self-heating ignition and smouldering fires.
Forming a Primordial Star in a Relic HII Region
Creators: name: O'Shea, Brian W.
name: Abel, Tom
name: Whalen, Dan
name: Norman, Michael L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There has been considerable theoretical debate over whether photoionization and supernova feedback from the first Population III stars facilitate or suppress the formation of the next generation of stars. We present results from an Eulerian adaptive mesh refinement simulation demonstrating the formation of a primordial star within a region ionized by an earlier nearby star. Despite the higher temperatures of the ionized gas and its flow out of the dark matter potential wells, this second star formed within 23 million years of its neighbor's death. The enhanced electron fraction within the HII region catalyzes rapid molecular hydrogen formation that leads to faster cooling in the subsequent star forming halos than in the first halos. This "second generation" primordial protostar has a much lower accretion rate because, unlike the first protostar, it forms in a rotationally supported disk of approx. 10-100 solar masses. This is primarily due to the much higher angular momentum of the halo in which the second star forms. In contrast to previously published scenarios, such configurations may allow binaries or multiple systems of lower mass stars to form. These first high resolution calculations offer insight into the impact of feedback upon subsequent populations of stars and clearly demonstrate how primordial chemistry promotes the formation of subsequent generations of stars even in the presence of the entropy injected by the first stars into the IGM.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Some revisions, including enhanced discussion of angular momentum issues. Asrophysical Journal, accepted
Die Gelegenheit nutzen: Die Evaluation der Friedens- und Konfliktforschung durch den Wissenschaftsrat aus der Perspektive der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Friedens- und Konfliktforschung (AFK)
Creators: name: Engels, Bettina
name: Schetter, Conrad
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Vernetzung
subject: Internationalisierung
subject: Interdisziplinarität
subject: Professionalisierung
subject: Nachwuchsförderung
subject: Networking
subject: Internationalisation
subject: Interdisciplinarity
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::327 Internationale Beziehungen

description: In diesem Forumsbeitrag kommentieren wir die aktuelle Evaluation der Friedens- und Konfliktforschung in Deutschland durch den Wissenschaftsrat als (ehemalige) Vorsitzende der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Friedens- und Konfliktforschung (AFK e. V.). Wir reflektieren, was die Evaluation aus der Perspektive der AFK für das Forschungsfeld der Friedens- und Konfliktforschung und für den Verband selbst bedeutet. Dazu stellen wir dar, wie die AFK als Fachverband in der Evaluation berücksichtigt wurde. Anschließend beleuchten wir zentrale Themenfelder, die im Evaluationsbericht angesprochen werden: Professionalisierung, die normative Ausrichtung des Forschungsfelds, Interdisziplinarität, Internationalisierung, die Standortfrage, politischer Nutzen, Finanzierung und Nachwuchsförderung. Wir argumentieren, dass die Evaluation eine Gelegenheit für das Forschungsfeld generell und für die AFK im Besonderen darstellt, um über die Stärken und Perspektiven der Friedens- und Konfliktforschung in Deutschland reflektieren und Strategien entwickeln, diese strukturell und institutionell zu sichern und auszubauen. Die AFK als standort- und institutionenübergreifender Fachverband könnte hierbei und als Lobbyorganisation eine wichtige Rolle übernehmen.
description: We comment on the German Science Council’s recent evaluation of peace and conflict studies from our perspective as (previous) chairpersons of the German Association for Peace and Conflict Studies (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Friedens- und Konfliktforschung e.V. – AFK). We reflect on the consequences of the evaluation for peace and conflict studies in Germany in general, and the association in particular. Inititially, we present how the AFK is taken into account in the evaluation. Subsequently, we outline main topics that are addressed in the evaluation report: professionalising, normative orientation of research, interdisciplinarity, institutional locations, political utility, funding, and promotion of young scholars. We argue that the evaluation presents an opportunity to reflect on the strengths and perspectives of peace and conflict studies in Germany, and on strategies to institutionally secure and expand them. Thereby, the AFK as a professional association across institutions and locations, could play a major role, notably with respect to lobbying.