cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The visibility based Tapered Gridded Estimator (TGE) for the redshifted 21-cm power spectrum
Creators: name: Choudhuri, Samir
name: Bharadwaj, Somnath
name: Chatterjee, Suman
name: Ali, Sk. Saiyad
name: Roy, Nirupam
name: Ghosh, Abhik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the improved visibility based Tapered Gridded Estimator (TGE) for the power spectrum of the diffuse sky signal. The visibilities are gridded to reduce the computation, and tapered through a convolution to suppress the contribution from the outer regions of the telescope's field of view. The TGE also internally estimates the noise bias, and subtracts this out to give an unbiased estimate of the power spectrum. An earlier version of the 2D TGE for the angular power spectrum $C_{\ell}$ is improved and then extended to obtain the 3D TGE for the power spectrum $P({\bf k})$ of the 21-cm brightness temperature fluctuations. Analytic formulas are also presented for predicting the variance of the binned power spectrum. The estimator and its variance predictions are validated using simulations of $150 \, {\rm MHz}$ GMRT observations. We find that the estimator accurately recovers the input model for the 1D Spherical Power Spectrum $P(k)$ and the 2D Cylindrical Power Spectrum $P(k_\perp,k_\parallel)$, and the predicted variance is also in reasonably good agreement with the simulations.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. The definitive version will be available at http://mnrasl.oxfordjournals.org/
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO TRATAMENTO ODONTOLÓGICO DURANTE A ONCOTERAPIA: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Creators: name: Laisy Levy Maciel Neres MENDES
name: Victória Hádria de Sousa LIMA
name: Angélica Pereira ROCHA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Mucosa oral
Odontologia
Oncologia
Tratamento

description: RESUMO

Os procedimentos odontológicos em pacientes sob tratamento oncológico requerem uma abordagem cuidadosa e multidisciplinar, garantindo a eficácia do tratamento, minimizando os efeitos colaterais e promovendo a adesão do paciente. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo, através de uma revisão de literatura, evidenciar a interação entre o tratamento oncológico e odontológico, os efeitos colaterais da radioterapia e quimioterapia na cavidade oral e suas estratégias de terapia. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados SciELO, Google Acadêmico e Lilacs, utilizando os descritores “Tratamento”, “Oncologia”, “Odontologia” e “Mucosa oral”. Conclui-se que, a presença do cirurgião-dentista no manejo do paciente oncológico é necessária antes, durante e depois do tratamento antineoplásico. Sua intervenção é crucial para a prevenção de condições bucais pré-existentes, no tratamento das complicações derivadas da quimioterapia e radioterapia e, na reabilitação pós-terapia antineoplásica.
Sub-Fibonacci behavior in numerical semigroup enumeration
Creators: name: Zhu, Daniel G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20M14, 05A15, 05A16

description: In 2013, Zhai proved that most numerical semigroups of a given genus have depth at most $3$ and that the number $n_g$ of numerical semigroups of a genus $g$ is asymptotic to $Sφ^g$, where $S$ is some positive constant and $φ\approx 1.61803$ is the golden ratio. In this paper, we prove exponential upper and lower bounds on the factors that cause $n_g$ to deviate from a perfect exponential, including the number of semigroups with depth at least $4$. Among other applications, these results imply the sharpest known asymptotic bounds on $n_g$ and shed light on a conjecture by Bras-Amorós (2008) that $n_g \geq n_{g-1} + n_{g-2}$. Our main tools are the use of Kunz coordinates, introduced by Kunz (1987), and a result by Zhao (2011) bounding weighted graph homomorphisms.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables; version published in Comb. Theory; code available at https://github.com/zhdag/stressed
SIMP from a strong U(1) gauge theory with a monopole condensation
Creators: name: Kamada, Ayuki
name: Yamada, Masaki
name: Yanagida, Tsutomu T.
name: Yonekura, Kazuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a variant model of strongly interacting massive particle (SIMP), where composite dark matter comes from a strongly interacting U(1) theory. We first explain a non-Abelian version of the model with an additional singlet field, which is mixed with the Higgs field to maintain the kinetic equilibrium between the hidden and Standard Model (SM) sectors. The mixing leads to signals that would be detected by future collider experiments, direct DM detection experiments, and beam-dump experiments. Then we investigate a U(1) theory with a scalar monopole, where U(1) charged particles are confined by monopole condensation. In this model, the radial component of monopole can mix with the Higgs field, so that we do not need to introduce the additional singlet field.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Model-Based and Data-Driven Control of Event- and Self-Triggered Discrete-Time LTI Systems
Creators: name: Wang, Xin
name: Berberich, Julian
name: Sun, Jian
name: Wang, Gang
name: Allgöwer, Frank
name: Chen, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The present paper considers the model-based and data-driven control of unknown linear time-invariant discrete-time systems under event-triggering and self-triggering transmission schemes. To this end, we begin by presenting a dynamic event-triggering scheme (ETS) based on periodic sampling, and a discrete-time looped-functional approach, through which a model-based stability condition is derived. Combining the model-based condition with a recent data-based system representation, a data-driven stability criterion in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is established, which also offers a way of co-designing the ETS matrix and the controller. To further alleviate the sampling burden of ETS due to its continuous/periodic detection, a self-triggering scheme (STS) is developed. Leveraging pre-collected input-state data, an algorithm for predicting the next transmission instant is given, while achieving system stability. Finally, numerical simulations showcase the efficacy of ETS and STS in reducing data transmissions as well as of the proposed co-design methods.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2110.12768
Boundary Operators in Effective String Theory
Creators: name: Hellerman, Simeon
name: Swanson, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Various universal features of relativistic rotating strings depend on the organization of allowed local operators on the worldsheet. In this paper, we study the set of Neumann boundary operators in effective string theory, which are relevant for the controlled study of open relativistic strings with freely moving endpoints. Relativistic open strings are thought to encode the dynamics of confined quark-antiquark pairs in gauge theories in the planar approximation. Neumann boundary operators can be organized by their behavior under scaling of the target space coordinates X, and the set of allowed X-scaling exponents is bounded above by +1/2 and unbounded below. Negative contributions to X-scalings come from powers of a single invariant, or "dressing" operator, which is bilinear in the embedding coordinates. In particular, we show that all Neumann boundary operators are dressed by quarter-integer powers of this invariant, and we demonstrate how this rule arises from various ways of regulating the short-distance singularities of the effective theory.
description: LaTeX, 37 pages
Reconstruction-induced trefoil knot Fermi contour of Au(111)
Creators: name: Dendzik, Maciej
name: Bianchi, Marco
name: Michiardi, Matteo
name: Sanders, Charlotte E.
name: Hofmann, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we study the effect of the so-called herringbone reconstruction of Au(111) on the dispersion of the free electron-like surface state. While earlier ARPES investigations have only reported a minor interplay of the surface state dispersion and the underlying reconstruction, we show that the uniaxial lattice distortion and the thereby changed reciprocal lattice for the first atomic layer leads to distinct surface state dispersions around the first order reciprocal lattice points of the three domains, creating a constant energy surface resembling a trefoil knot. The findings resolve the long-standing discrepancy between, on one hand, the reconstruction-induced surface state modifications reported in scanning tunnelling microscopy and first principle calculations and, on the other hand, their conspicuous absence in photoemission.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
Scaling dimension of Cooper pair operator from the black hole interior
Creators: name: Choun, Yoon-Seok
name: Sin, Sang-Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have shown that in holographic superconductivity theory for 3+1 dimensional system, the scaling dimension of Cooper pair operator can be obtained as a quantized value if we request that the the scalar function describing the order parameter is finite inside the black hole as well as outside. This should be contrasted to the usual situation where we set the mass squared of the scalar by hand. Our method can be applied to any order parameters.
description: Published at The European Physical Journal C. Add comments in introduction and discussion
An Optimal Control Method to Compute the Most Likely Transition Path for Stochastic Dynamical Systems with Jumps
Creators: name: Wei, Wei
name: Gao, Ting
name: Duan, Jinqiao
name: Chen, Xiaoli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many complex real world phenomena exhibit abrupt, intermittent or jumping behaviors, which are more suitable to be described by stochastic differential equations under non-Gaussian Lévy noise. Among these complex phenomena, the most likely transition paths between metastable states are important since these rare events may have a high impact in certain scenarios. Based on the large deviation principle, the most likely transition path could be treated as the minimizer of the rate function upon paths that connect two points. One of the challenges to calculate the most likely transition path for stochastic dynamical systems under non-Gaussian Lévy noise is that the associated rate function can not be explicitly expressed by paths. For this reason, we formulate an optimal control problem to obtain the optimal state as the most likely transition path. We then develop a neural network method to solve this issue. Several experiments are investigated for both Gaussian and non-Gaussian cases.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures
Electronic states in a quantum Beltrami surface
Creators: name: Furtado, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the influence of the geometry in the electronic states of a quantum Beltrami surface. We have considered an electron governed by the spinless stationary Schrödinger equation constrained to move on the Beltrami surface due to a confining potential from which the Da Costa potential emerges. We investigate the role played by the geometry and orbital angular momentum on the electronic states of the system.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures, two column. Matches version to appear in Physics Letters A
Concepts of Classification and Taxonomy. Phylogenetic Classification
Creators: name: Fraix-Burnet, Didier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phylogenetic approaches to classification have been heavily developed in biology by bioinformaticians. But these techniques have applications in other fields, in particular in linguistics. Their main characteristics is to search for relationships between the objects or species in study, instead of grouping them by similarity. They are thus rather well suited for any kind of evolutionary objects. For nearly fifteen years, astrocladistics has explored the use of Maximum Parsimony (or cladistics) for astronomical objects like galaxies or globular clusters. In this lesson we will learn how it works. 1 Why phylogenetic tools in astrophysics? 1.1 History of classification The need for classifying living organisms is very ancient, and the first classification system can be dated back to the Greeks. The goal was very practical since it was intended to distinguish between eatable and toxic aliments, or kind and dangerous animals. Simple resemblance was used and has been used for centuries. Basically, until the XVIIIth century, every naturalist chose his own criterion to build a classification. At the end, hundreds of classifications were available, most often incompatible to each other. The criteria for this traditional way of classifying is the subjective appearance of the living organisms. During the XVIIIth a revolution occurred. Scientists like Adanson and Linn{é} devised new ways of classifying the objects and naming the classes. Adanson realised that all the observable traits should be used, giving birth to the mutivariate clustering and classification activity (Adanson, 1763). Linn{é} based his binomial nomenclature on neutral names unrelated whatsoever to any property of the classes. We can realise the success of these two ideas more than two centuries and a half later!
Here, There, Everywhere: Strongly Lensed Supernovae, JWST, and Roman
Creators: name: Kelly, Patrick
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Surveys of the flickering universe and galaxy formation

description: A gravitational lens can create multiple, magnified images of a background supernova explosion. Relative delays among the images of a supernova are inversely proportional to the Hubble constant, making strongly lensed supernovae a powerful potential cosmological tool. Moreover, lensed supernovae can experience microlensing by stars (and other compact objects) in the lens, which can differentially magnify the expanding SN. I will discuss a novel test of cluster lens models using the first set of JWST observations of a strongly lensed supernova, as well as a measurement of the Hubble constant using Supernova Refsdal. I will next look forward to the strongly lensed supernovae the Roman should detect, and the potential for insights into cosmology and stellar populations at high redshift.
Do galaxy global relationships emerge from local ones? The SDSS IV MaNGA surface mass density-metallicity relation
Creators: name: Barrera-Ballesteros, Jorge K.
name: Heckman, Timothy M.
name: Zhu, Guangtun B.
name: Zakamska, Nadia L.
name: Sánchez, Sebastian F.
name: Law, David
name: Wake, David
name: Green, Jenny E.
name: Bizyaev, Dmitry
name: Oravetz, Daniel
name: Simmons, Audrey
name: Malanushenko, Elena
name: Pan, Kaike
name: Lopes, Alexandre Roman
name: Lane, Richard R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the stellar surface mass density {\it vs.} gas metallicity ($Σ_*-Z$) relation for more than 500,000 spatially-resolved star-forming resolution elements (spaxels) from a sample of 653 disk galaxies included in the SDSS IV MaNGA survey. We find a tight relation between these local properties, with higher metallicities as the surface density increases. This relation extends over three orders of magnitude in the surface mass density and a factor of four in metallicity. We show that this local relationship can simultaneously reproduce two well-known properties of disk galaxies: their global mass-metallicity relationship {\it and} their radial metallicity gradients. We also find that the $Σ_* - Z$ relation is largely independent of the galaxy's total stellar mass and specific star-formation rate (sSFR), except at low stellar mass and high sSFR. These results suggest that in the present-day universe local properties play a key role in determining the gas-phase metallicity in typical disk galaxies.
description: 11 pages, 9 Figures. Published in MNRAS. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/doi/10.1093/mnras/stw1984
Constraining stellar physics from red-giant stars in binaries - stellar rotation, mixing processes and stellar activity
Creators: name: Beck, P. G.
name: Kallinger, T.
name: Pavlovski, K.
name: Palacios, A.
name: Tkachenko, A.
name: García, R. A.
name: Mathis, S.
name: Corsaro, E.
name: Johnston, C.
name: Mosser, B.
name: Ceillier, T.
name: Nascimento, J. -D. do
name: Raskin, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unparalleled photometric data obtained by NASA's Kepler Space Telescope has led to an improved understanding of stellar structure and evolution - in particular for solar-like oscillators in this context. Binary stars are fascinating objects. Because they were formed together, binary systems provide a set of two stars with very well constrained parameters. Those can be used to study properties and physical processes, such as the stellar rotation, dynamics and rotational mixing of elements and allows us to learn from the differences we find between the two components. In this work, we discussed a detailed study of the binary system KIC9163796, discovered through Kepler photometry. The ground-based follow-up spectroscopy showed that this system is a double-lined spectroscopic binary, with a mass ratio close to unity. However, the fundamental parameters of the components of this system as well as their lithium abundances differ substantially. Kepler photometry of this system allows to perform a detailed seismic analysis as well as to derive the orbital period and the surface rotation rate of the primary component of the system. Indications of the seismic signature of the secondary are found. The differing parameters are best explained with both components located in the early and the late phase of the first dredge up at the bottom of the red-giant branch. Observed lithium abundances in both components are in good agreement with prediction of stellar models including rotational mixing. By combining observations and theory, a comprehensive picture of the system can be drawn.
description: Conference proceedings for KASC meeting "Seismology of the Sun and the Distant Stars 2016"; 8 pages, 6 figures
Designing globally optimal entangling gates using geometric space curves
Creators: name: Tang, Ho Lun
name: Connelly, Kyle
name: Warren, Ada
name: Zhuang, Fei
name: Economou, Sophia E.
name: Barnes, Edwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-fidelity entangling gates are essential for quantum computation. Currently, most approaches to designing such gates are based either on simple, analytical pulse waveforms or on ones obtained from numerical optimization techniques. In both cases, it is typically not possible to obtain a global understanding of the space of waveforms that generate a target gate operation, making it challenging to design globally optimal gates. Here, we show that in the case of weakly coupled qubits, it is possible to find all pulses that implement a target entangling gate. We do this by mapping quantum evolution onto geometric space curves. We derive the minimal conditions these curves must satisfy in order to guarantee a gate with a desired entangling power is implemented. Pulse waveforms are extracted from the curvatures of these curves. We illustrate our method by designing fast, CNOT-equivalent entangling gates for silicon quantum dot spin qubits with fidelities exceeding 99%. We show that fidelities can be further improved while maintaining low bandwidth requirements by using geometrically derived pulses as initial guesses in numerical optimization routines.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Theory for the Acoustic Raman Modes of Proteins
Creators: name: DeWolf, Timothy
name: Gordon, Reuven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical analysis that associates the resonances of extraordinary acoustic Raman (EAR) spectroscopy [Wheaton et al., Nat Photon 9, 68 (2015)] with the collective modes of proteins. The theory uses the anisotropic elastic network model to find the protein acoustic modes, and calculates Raman intensity by treating the protein as a polarizable ellipsoid. Reasonable agreement is found between EAR spectra and our theory. Protein acoustic modes have been extensively studied theoretically to assess the role they play in protein function; this result suggests EAR as a new experimental tool for studies of protein acoustic modes.
description: 5 pages; 2 figures (2 distinct figure floats); 1 table; has supporting info that needs included
Testing the limits of natural language models for predicting human language judgments
Creators: name: Golan, Tal
name: Siegelman, Matthew
name: Kriegeskorte, Nikolaus
name: Baldassano, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Neural network language models can serve as computational hypotheses about how humans process language. We compared the model-human consistency of diverse language models using a novel experimental approach: controversial sentence pairs. For each controversial sentence pair, two language models disagree about which sentence is more likely to occur in natural text. Considering nine language models (including n-gram, recurrent neural networks, and transformer models), we created hundreds of such controversial sentence pairs by either selecting sentences from a corpus or synthetically optimizing sentence pairs to be highly controversial. Human subjects then provided judgments indicating for each pair which of the two sentences is more likely. Controversial sentence pairs proved highly effective at revealing model failures and identifying models that aligned most closely with human judgments. The most human-consistent model tested was GPT-2, although experiments also revealed significant shortcomings of its alignment with human perception.
Microwave-Free Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Molecular Scales
Creators: name: Wood, James D. A.
name: Tetienne, Jean-Philippe
name: Broadway, David A.
name: Hall, Liam T.
name: Simpson, David A.
name: Stacey, Alastair
name: Hollenberg, Lloyd C. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The implementation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) at the nanoscale is a major challenge, as conventional systems require relatively large ensembles of spins and limit resolution to mesoscopic scales. New approaches based on quantum spin probes, such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond, have recently achieved nano-NMR under ambient conditions. However, the measurement protocols require application of complex microwave pulse sequences of high precision and relatively high power, placing limitations on the design and scalability of these techniques. Here we demonstrate a microwave-free method for nanoscale NMR using the NV centre, which is a far less invasive, and vastly simpler measurement protocol. By utilising a carefully tuned magnetic cross-relaxation interaction between a subsurface NV spin and an external, organic environment of proton spins, we demonstrate NMR spectroscopy of $^1$H within a $\approx(10~{\rm nm})^3$ sensing volume. We also theoretically and experimentally show that the sensitivity of our approach matches that of existing microwave control-based techniques using the NV centre. Removing the requirement for coherent manipulation of either the NV or the environmental spin quantum states represents a significant step towards the development of robust, non-invasive nanoscale NMR probes.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Introduction to Charged Lepton Flavour Violation
Creators: name: Ardu, Marco
name: Pezzullo, Gianantonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrino masses provide evidence of lepton flavour violation, but no violation in the interactions among the charged leptons has been observed yet. Many models of Physics Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) predict Charged Lepton Flavour Violation (CLFV) in a wide spectrum of processes with rates in reach of upcoming experiments. The experimental searches that provide the current best limits on the CLFV searches are reviewed, with a particular emphasis on the muon-based experiments that give the most stringent constraints on BSM parameter space. The next generation of muon-based experiments (MEG-II, Mu2e, COMET, Mu3e) aim to reach improvements by many orders of magnitude w.r.t. the current best limits, thanks to several technological advancements. We review popular heavy BSM theories, and we present the calculations of the predicted CLFV branching ratios, focusing on the more sensitive $μ\to e$ sector.
description: Several typos corrected. Improved appendix
Modern Baselines for SPARQL Semantic Parsing
Creators: name: Banerjee, Debayan
name: Nair, Pranav Ajit
name: Kaur, Jivat Neet
name: Usbeck, Ricardo
name: Biemann, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we focus on the task of generating SPARQL queries from natural language questions, which can then be executed on Knowledge Graphs (KGs). We assume that gold entity and relations have been provided, and the remaining task is to arrange them in the right order along with SPARQL vocabulary, and input tokens to produce the correct SPARQL query. Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have not been explored in depth on this task so far, so we experiment with BART, T5 and PGNs (Pointer Generator Networks) with BERT embeddings, looking for new baselines in the PLM era for this task, on DBpedia and Wikidata KGs. We show that T5 requires special input tokenisation, but produces state of the art performance on LC-QuAD 1.0 and LC-QuAD 2.0 datasets, and outperforms task-specific models from previous works. Moreover, the methods enable semantic parsing for questions where a part of the input needs to be copied to the output query, thus enabling a new paradigm in KG semantic parsing.
description: 5 pages, short paper, SIGIR 2022
Guiding future deep-wide Roman surveys with galaxy formation physics we learn from JWST
Creators: name: Yung, Aaron
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Surveys of the flickering universe and galaxy formation

description: NASA's Roman will redefine deep-field galaxy surveys with its field of view two orders of magnitude larger than Hubble and survey the distant universe at unprecedented scales. Designing effective and efficient Roman surveys relies heavily on our understanding of structure formation across cosmic time and simulated forecasts backed by physics. On the other hand, JWST is anticipated to transform our understanding of the emerging galaxy population in the earliest episodes of cosmic evolution. In this talk, I will use the “Semi-analytic forecasts for JWST” work series as an example to demonstrate how simulated galaxy catalogs and synthetic observations can enable a wide variety of preparatory studies and can be extremely useful in guiding survey designs. I will also discuss how semi-analytic models are essentially an aggregation of physical processes that we learn from observations and are the ideal tool for bridging state-of-the-art galaxy formation and supermassive black hole growth theory to the next generation observations.
Orbital Magnetism of Bloch Electrons II. Application to Single-Band Models and Corrections to Landau-Peierls susceptibility
Creators: name: Ogata, Masao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Orbital susceptibility for Bloch electrons is calculated for the first time up to the first order with respect to overlap integrals between the neighboring atomic orbitals, assuming single-band models. A general and rigorous theory of orbital susceptibility developed in the preceding paper is applied to single-band models in two-dimensional square and triangular lattices. In addition to the Landau-Peierls orbital susceptibility, it is found that there are comparable contributions from the Fermi surface and from the occupied states in the partially filled band called intraband atomic diamagnetism. This result means that the Peierls phase used in tight-binding models is insufficient as the effect of magnetic field.
description: 28 pages, 4 figures
A viable $L_e-L_μ$ model with $μ\to e$ violation
Creators: name: Ardu, Marco
name: Kirk, Fiona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the Standard Model gauge group by $U(1)_{L_e-L_μ}$ and introduce two scalars, a doublet and a singlet, that are charged under this new group and have lepton flavour violating couplings. Since in this model $μ\to e$ processes can only be mediated by $μ\to τ\times τ\to e$ interactions, bounds from $μ\to e$ transitions can be avoided while allowing for accessible new physics. We consider the case of a $Z'$ boson with a mass of $M_{Z'}\simeq10~$GeV and a gauge coupling $g'\simeq 10^{-4}$, which is in reach of Belle-II, and a long-lived $Z'$ boson with a mass of $\text{MeV}\lesssim M_{Z'}\lesssim m_μ-m_e$ which can be probed by searching for $\ell\to \ell'+\text{inv.}$. Neutrino masses and mixing angles can also be accounted for if sterile neutrinos are added to the spectrum.
description: Published version
title:   Equine Fecal Microbiota Response to Short Term Antibiotic Administration
Creators: name: Parker, Jordan
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4.3
subject: FOS: Veterinary sciences

description: Though generally regarded as safe, research continues to demonstrate negative side effects of antibiotic administration on the gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota across species. In horses, antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) is a life-threatening side effect linked to the GIT microbiota. This study tested the hypothesis that short term antibiotic administration to healthy horses would negatively impact the fecal microbiota as measured by their ability to digest nutrients and produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Twenty-four horses were assigned to one of four treatments: control (CO); potassium penicillin/gentamicin sulfate (KPG); ceftiofur crystalline free acid (EX); trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SMZ); and treated for 4 days. Fecal samples were collected before treatment began (S0), the day after treatment conclusion (S5), and at 10, 14, 21, and 28 days after beginning treatment. Horses had highly individualized responses to antibiotic treatment, although all horses receiving antibiotics experienced significantly softer stool compared to controls. Lactobacillus spp. were dramatically reduced in all antibiotic treated S5 samples. Horses receiving antibiotics were significantly more likely to test positive for C. difficile or C. perfringens on fecal qPCR. In conclusion, response to antibiotic administration displays high inter-individual variability, but shows changes to the functions of fecal microbiota that may depend on the antibiotic used.
description: © 2023 Jordan Lacey Parker
Partial-Wave Analysis of Nucleon-Nucleon Elastic Scattering Data
Creators: name: Workman, Ron L.
name: Briscoe, William J.
name: Strakovsky, Igor I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energy-dependent and single-energy fits to the existing nucleon-nucleon database have been updated to incorporate recent measurements. The fits cover a region from threshold to 3 GeV, in the laboratory kinetic energy, for proton-proton scattering, with an upper limit of 1.3 GeV for neutron-proton scattering. Experiments carried out at the COSY-WASA and COSY-ANKE facilities have had a significant impact on the partial-wave solutions. Results are discussed in terms of both partial-wave and direct reconstruction amplitudes.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures
Conditions for a Lévy process to stay positive near 0, in probability
Creators: name: Maller, Ross A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A necessary and sufficient condition for a Lévy process $X$ to stay positive, in probability, near 0, which arises in studies of Chung-type laws for $X$ near 0, is given in terms of the characteristics of $X$.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/15-BEJ716 in the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm)
Effective poset inequalities
Creators: name: Chan, Swee Hong
name: Pak, Igor
name: Panova, Greta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We explore inequalities on linear extensions of posets and make them effective in different ways. First, we study the Björner--Wachs inequality and generalize it to inequalities on order polynomials and their $q$-analogues via direct injections and FKG inequalities. Second, we give an injective proof of the Sidorenko inequality with computational complexity significance, namely that the difference is in $\#P$. Third, we generalize the Sidorenko inequality to posets with small chain intersections and give complexity theoretic applications.
description: 36 pages, 1 figure. Added a reference to Daykin--Daykin--Paterson inequality that were previously presented as Conjecture 4.19 in v2
Quantum dynamics of nuclear spins and spin relaxation in organic semiconductors
Creators: name: Mkhitaryan, V. V.
name: Dobrovitski, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the role of the nuclear spin quantum dynamics in hyperfine-induced spin relaxation of hopping carriers in organic semiconductors. The fast hopping regime with a small carrier spin precession during a waiting time between hops is typical for organic semiconductors possessing long spin coherence times. We consider this regime and focus on a carrier random walk diffusion in one dimension, where the effect of the nuclear spin dynamics is expected to be the strongest. Exact numerical simulations of spin systems with up to 25 nuclear spins are performed using the Suzuki-Trotter decomposition of evolution operator. Larger nuclear spin systems are modeled utilizing the spin-coherent state $P$-representation approach developed earlier. We find that the nuclear spin dynamics strongly influences the carrier spin relaxation at long times. If the random walk is restricted to a small area, it leads to the quenching of carrier spin polarization at a non-zero value at long times. If the random walk is unrestricted, the carrier spin polarization acquires a long-time tail, decaying as $ 1/\sqrt{t}$. Based on the numerical results, we devise a simple formula describing the effect quantitatively.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Representing cosmic structures with graph neural networks
Creators: name: Wu, John
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Surveys of the flickering universe and galaxy formation

description: In its quest to reveal the high-redshift universe, JWST has also imaged numerous galaxies in lensing clusters at low redshifts. These cluster galaxies reside in the most massive dark matter halos, which represent the "tip of the iceberg" of the cosmic web; Roman will provide detailed near-infrared imaging for billions of galaxies across diverse environments at similar redshifts. By modeling cosmic (sub)structures as mathematical graphs, we can represent the relationships between galaxy and dark matter halo properties. We will present early results using graph neural networks to represent galaxy clusters, which are trained on simulated data and applied to JWST observations, and provide novel constraints on the dark matter halo masses and maximum rotational velocities. We also discuss future extensions to the lower-mass regimes probed by the Roman High Latitude Wide Area Imaging Survey.
Torchhd: An Open Source Python Library to Support Research on Hyperdimensional Computing and Vector Symbolic Architectures
Creators: name: Heddes, Mike
name: Nunes, Igor
name: Vergés, Pere
name: Kleyko, Denis
name: Abraham, Danny
name: Givargis, Tony
name: Nicolau, Alexandru
name: Veidenbaum, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hyperdimensional computing (HD), also known as vector symbolic architectures (VSA), is a framework for computing with distributed representations by exploiting properties of random high-dimensional vector spaces. The commitment of the scientific community to aggregate and disseminate research in this particularly multidisciplinary area has been fundamental for its advancement. Joining these efforts, we present Torchhd, a high-performance open source Python library for HD/VSA. Torchhd seeks to make HD/VSA more accessible and serves as an efficient foundation for further research and application development. The easy-to-use library builds on top of PyTorch and features state-of-the-art HD/VSA functionality, clear documentation, and implementation examples from well-known publications. Comparing publicly available code with their corresponding Torchhd implementation shows that experiments can run up to 100x faster. Torchhd is available at: https://github.com/hyperdimensional-computing/torchhd.
Jurassic World Remake: Bringing Ancient Fossils Back to Life via Zero-Shot Long Image-to-Image Translation
Creators: name: Martin, Alexander
name: Zheng, Haitian
name: An, Jie
name: Luo, Jiebo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4; I.7

description: With a strong understanding of the target domain from natural language, we produce promising results in translating across large domain gaps and bringing skeletons back to life. In this work, we use text-guided latent diffusion models for zero-shot image-to-image translation (I2I) across large domain gaps (longI2I), where large amounts of new visual features and new geometry need to be generated to enter the target domain. Being able to perform translations across large domain gaps has a wide variety of real-world applications in criminology, astrology, environmental conservation, and paleontology. In this work, we introduce a new task Skull2Animal for translating between skulls and living animals. On this task, we find that unguided Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are not capable of translating across large domain gaps. Instead of these traditional I2I methods, we explore the use of guided diffusion and image editing models and provide a new benchmark model, Revive-2I, capable of performing zero-shot I2I via text-prompting latent diffusion models. We find that guidance is necessary for longI2I because, to bridge the large domain gap, prior knowledge about the target domain is needed. In addition, we find that prompting provides the best and most scalable information about the target domain as classifier-guided diffusion models require retraining for specific use cases and lack stronger constraints on the target domain because of the wide variety of images they are trained on.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures, ACM Multimedia 2023
GRB 980425 host: [CII], [OI] and CO lines reveal recent enhancement of star formation due to atomic gas inflow
Creators: name: Michałowski, Michał J.
name: Ceron, J. M. Castro
name: Wardlow, J. L.
name: Karska, A.
name: Messias, H.
name: van der Werf, P.
name: Hunt, L. K.
name: Baes, M.
name: Castro-Tirado, A. J.
name: Gentile, G.
name: Hjorth, J.
name: Floc'h, E. Le
name: Martinez, R. Perez
name: Guelbenzu, A. Nicuesa
name: Rasmussen, J.
name: Rizzo, J. R.
name: Rossi, A.
name: Sanchez-Portal, M.
name: Schady, P.
name: Sollerman, J.
name: Xu, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have recently suggested that gas accretion can be studied using host galaxies of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We obtained the first ever far-infrared (FIR) line observations of a GRB host, namely Herschel/PACS resolved [CII] 158 um and [OI] 63 um spectroscopy, as well as APEX CO(2-1) and ALMA CO(1-0) observations of the GRB 980425 host. It has elevated [CII]/FIR and [OI]/FIR ratios and higher values of star formation rate (SFR) derived from line ([CII], [OI], Ha) than from continuum (UV, IR, radio) indicators. [CII] emission exhibits a normal morphology, peaking at the galaxy center, whereas [OI] is concentrated close to the GRB position and the nearby Wolf-Rayet region. The high [OI] flux indicates high radiation field and gas density. The [CII]/CO luminosity ratio of the GRB 980425 host is close to the highest values found for local star-forming galaxies. Its CO-derived molecular gas mass is low given its SFR and metallicity, but the [CII]-derived molecular gas mass is close to the expected value. The [OI] and HI concentrations, and the high radiation field and density are consistent with the hypothesis of a very recent (at most a few tens of Myr ago) inflow of atomic gas triggering star formation. Dust has not had time to build up (explaining high line-to-continuum ratios). Such a recent enhancement of star-formation would indeed manifest itself in high SFR_line/SFR_continuum ratios, because the line indicators are sensitive only to recent (<10 Myr) activity, whereas the continuum indicators measure the SFR averaged over much longer periods (~100 Myr). Other GRB hosts exhibit a mean SFR_line/SFR_continuum of 1.74+-0.32. This is consistent with a very recent enhancement of star formation being common among GRB hosts, so galaxies which have recently experienced inflow of gas may preferentially host stars exploding as GRBs. Hence GRB hosts may be used to investigate recent gas accretion.
description: Accepted to A&A. 16 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables
Multi-Phase Multi-Objective Dexterous Manipulation with Adaptive Hierarchical Curriculum
Creators: name: Tao, Lingfeng
name: Zhang, Jiucai
name: Zhang, Xiaoli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dexterous manipulation tasks usually have multiple objectives, and the priorities of these objectives may vary at different phases of a manipulation task. Varying priority makes a robot hardly or even failed to learn an optimal policy with a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method. To solve this problem, we develop a novel Adaptive Hierarchical Reward Mechanism (AHRM) to guide the DRL agent to learn manipulation tasks with multiple prioritized objectives. The AHRM can determine the objective priorities during the learning process and update the reward hierarchy to adapt to the changing objective priorities at different phases. The proposed method is validated in a multi-objective manipulation task with a JACO robot arm in which the robot needs to manipulate a target with obstacles surrounded. The simulation and physical experiment results show that the proposed method improved robot learning in task performance and learning efficiency.
description: Accepted by the Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems
A Catalog of New Spectroscopically Confirmed Massive OB Stars in Carina
Creators: name: Alexander, Michael J.
name: Hanes, Richard J.
name: Povich, Matthew S.
name: McSwain, M. Virginia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Carina star-forming region is one of the largest in the Galaxy, and its massive star population is still being unveiled. The large number of stars combined with high, and highly variable, interstellar extinction makes it inherently difficult to find OB stars in this type of young region. We present the results of a spectroscopic campaign to study the massive star population of the Carina Nebula, with the primary goal to confirm or reject previously identified Carina OB star candidates. A total of 141 known O- and B-type stars and 94 candidates were observed, of which 73 candidates had a high enough signal-to-noise ratio to classify. We find 23 new OB stars within the Carina Nebula, a 32% confirmation rate. One of the new OB stars has blended spectra and is suspected to be a double-lined spectroscopic binary (SB2). We also reclassify the spectral types of the known OB stars and discover nine new SB2s among this population. Finally, we discuss the spatial distribution of these new OB stars relative to known structures in the Carina NSebula.
description: Accepted to AAS Journals
Entanglement hamiltonians in two-dimensional conformal field theory
Creators: name: Cardy, John
name: Tonni, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We enumerate the cases in 2d conformal field theory where the logarithm of the reduced density matrix (the entanglement or modular hamiltonian) may be written as an integral over the energy-momentum tensor times a local weight. These include known examples and new ones corresponding to the time-dependent scenarios of a global and local quench. In these latter cases the entanglement hamiltonian depends on the momentum density as well as the energy density. In all cases the entanglement spectrum is that of the appropriate boundary CFT. We emphasize the role of boundary conditions at the entangling surface and the appearance of boundary entropies as universal O(1) terms in the entanglement entropy.
description: 30 pages, 10 figures