cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Colonialismo e codificazione. Un codice penale per l'India britannica (1773-1882)
Creators: name: Abbate, Giulio
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2011

description: Questo lavoro è incentrato su una particolare fase dell'esperienza coloniale britannica in India (1773-1882) e comprende due diversi livelli di indagine: un primo livello riguarda la sistemazione teorica, da parte della dottrina inglese, di un discorso di legittimazione dell'espansione coloniale; un secondo livello riguarda  l'elaborazione del sistema giuridico della colonia indiana e, in particolare, la predisposizione di un modello codicistico fortemente voluto da Macaulay e da Stephen (1837-1882). Il rapporto tra Inghilterra e India  si presenta come una vicenda di colonizzazione normativa particolarmente interessante per lo storico del diritto: le sperimentazioni giuridiche indiane hanno influenzato, da un lato, il dibattito inglese tardo ottocentesco sulla codificazione e, dall'altro lato, la rappresentazione italiana di età liberale del fenomeno coloniale.
Measuring Electric Fields From Surface Contaminants with Neutral Atoms
Creators: name: Obrecht, J. M.
name: Wild, R. J.
name: Cornell, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we demonstrate a technique of utilizing magnetically trapped neutral Rb-87 atoms to measure the magnitude and direction of stray electric fields emanating from surface contaminants. We apply an alternating external electric field that adds to (or subtracts from) the stray field in such a way as to resonantly drive the trapped atoms into a mechanical dipole oscillation. The growth rate of the oscillation's amplitude provides information about the magnitude and sign of the stray field gradient. Using this measurement technique, we are able to reconstruct the vector electric field produced by surface contaminants. In addition, we can accurately measure the electric fields generated from adsorbed atoms purposely placed onto the surface and account for their systematic effects, which can plague a precision surface-force measurement. We show that baking the substrate can reduce the electric fields emanating from adsorbate, and that the mechanism for reduction is likely surface diffusion, not desorption.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, published in Physical Review A
Relationships between near-surface plankton distributions, hydrography, and satellite measured sea surface thermal patterns
Creators: name: Thomas, Andrew Charles
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In-situ measurements of surface chlorophyll and zooplankton concentration are compared with in-situ hydrographic measurements and infrared satellite images of the west coast of British Columbia. Their relationships are quantified for a mid-summer and an early winter study period. Winter in-situ hydrographic data showed the shelf to be dominated by Vancouver Island Coastal Current water near-shore, Davidson Current water over the middle shelf, a frontal zone separating these regimes, and North Pacific water over the shelf break. The summer shelf was dominated by topographically induced upwelling in the southern portion of the shelf and stratified regions over the outer shelf and shallow banks further north. Strong northwest winds late in the summer study period induced upwelling along the entire shelf. The surface thermal signature of each of these regimes was identifiable in the satellite imagery. Maximum winter concentrations of chlorophyll and zooplankton were associated with Vancouver Island Coastal Current water and southern portions of the frontal zone. Davidson Current water consistently had the lowest chlorophyll concentrations in the winter study area. Zooplankton concentrations decreased with increasing temperature and distance from shore. The correlation of loge transformed zooplankton concentrations with surface temperature allowed the satellite imagery to explain 49% of the sampled variance. The association of specific chlorophyll concentrations with each hydrographic regime enabled the satellite imagery, in conjunction with an image derived salinity model, to explain 55% of the sampled variance. Image derived plankton models allowed a spatial representation of predicted plankton concentration and the model error. Summer zooplankton concentrations were not consistently related to satellite measured surface temperature but showed a qualitative association with higher chlorophyll concentrations around the outer edge of the upwelling area. Minimum chlorophyll concentrations were found in warm, stratified surface water and intermediate concentrations in the coldest, most recently upwelled water. Maximum concentrations occurred at intermediate temperatures. A least squares fit non-linear equation showed the satellite measured surface temperature patterns explained 72% of the sampled loge transformed chlorophyll variance. Distributions of both zooplankton and chlorophyll concentration retained their association with patterns of sea surface temperature during a wind driven upwelling event. Multivariate cluster analysis of zooplankton taxonomic groups during both winter and summer showed spatial patterns of community composition matched satellite measured patterns of sea surface temperature over the middle and inner shelf. Over the outer shelf, spatial patterns of community structure appeared more closely associated with depth than surface thermal patterns.
5. Healthcare heroes: Lebanese nurses’ experiences with COVID-19
Creators: name: Abdallah-Doumit, Myrna Abi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111003 Clinical Nursing: Secondary (Acute Care)
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified

description: LEBANON
 A contribution by Abdallah-Doumit, oncology nurse and President of the Order of Nurses in Lebanon, details the various challenges faced by oncology nurses in Lebanon during early days of the pandemic. She notes, “In a proactive initiative before the occurrence of any COVID-19 cases in the country, the ONL started to train nurses working in hospitals (mainly emergency units, primary healthcare centres, and schools) about COVID-19, its modes of transmission, and prevention measures”… “Despite … [the] unfavourable conditions, the Lebanese nursing workforce has not given up; on the contrary, they have proved again that they are the first line of defense for the healthcare system and the health of the people of Lebanon.”
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 Ecancer Special Issue, December 2021 Oncology nursing and the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 in the Global South Supplement
Science communication as a tool for training the next generation of influencers
Creators: name: Bankston, Adriana
name: Singh, Harinder
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2021

description: This presentation was given at the virtual AAAS meeting on February 10, 2021, as a collaboration between Journal of Science Policy & Governance (JSPG) and the Public Policy Prep (P3) Program at UC Irvine. It covered the topic of communication in the context of science policy, and policy memo writing tips, breakdown and practice.
The Blazhko behavior of RV UMa
Creators: name: Hurta, Zs.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: RV UMa is one of the most extensively studied RR Lyrae stars showing Blazhko modulation. Its photometric observations cover more than 90 years. The published photoelectric observations of RV UMa obtained at the Konkoly Observatory (Kanyo, 1976) were re-considered and completed with previously unpublished data. During the time interval of the observations the periods of both the pulsation and the modulation varied within the ranges of 0.000007 and 0.9 days, respectively. We have found a definite but not strict inverse relation between the pulsation and modulation periods of RV UMa.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in AN
Supplementary document for A PVA-SM microstructure enhanced ratiometric fluorescence probe for formaldehyde detection in solution and gas - 5511084.pdf
Creators: name: Wang, Tianci
name: Wang, Haiyan
name: Xia, Pengfei
name: Xue, Sheng
name: Yang, Guanjie
name: Li, Heng
name: Li, Zongbao
name: Jiang, Xiaofang
name: Xing, Xiaobo
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Experimental details and supporting figures and tables
Decoherence and objectivity in higher spin environments
Creators: name: Kiciński, Mateusz
name: Korbicz, Jarosław K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze decoherence and objectivization processes in spin-spin models for arbitrary spins. We first derive the most general analytic form of the decoherence factor in the measurement limit, where the interaction Hamiltonian dominates the rest. We then analyze thermal environments and derive exact, analytic formulas for both the decoherence factor and the state fidelity of post-interaction environment states. This allows to analyze the objectivization process of the state of the central spin during the interaction. We do so using, so called, Spectrum Broadcast Structures (SBS), which are specific multipartite quantum states encoding a certain operation notion of objectivity. We analyze analytically (for short times) and numerically how higher spin influences the efficiency of decoherence and objectivization processes. As expected, the higher the spin of the environment, the more efficient decoherence and objectivization become. This work is a generalization of previous studies, limited to spin-$1/2$ systems only, and we hope will be useful in future objectivity experiments.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
Theory of superfast fronts of impact ionization in semiconductor structures
Creators: name: Rodin, Pavel
name: Ebert, Ute
name: Minarsky, Andrey
name: Grekhov, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analytical theory for impact ionization fronts in reversely biased p^{+}-n-n^{+} structures. The front propagates into a depleted n base with a velocity that exceeds the saturated drift velocity. The front passage generates a dense electron-hole plasma and in this way switches the structure from low to high conductivity. For a planar front we determine the concentration of the generated plasma, the maximum electric field, the front width and the voltage over the n base as functions of front velocity and doping of the n base. Theory takes into account that drift velocities and impact ionization coefficients differ between electrons and holes, and it makes quantitative predictions for any semiconductor material possible.
description: 18 pagers, 10 figures
4. Layers of care: Cancer nursing in Latin America amidst the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Olarte-Sierra, María Fernanda
name: Celis, Edinho
name: Tinoco, María del Rosario Caballero
name: Hernández, Angélica
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111003 Clinical Nursing: Secondary (Acute Care)
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified

description: LATIN AMERICA
 Author Olarte-Sierra’s interviews with two paediatric oncology nurses and one adult oncology nurse detail their experiences with COVID-19 in Perú, El Salvador, and Mexico, respectively. The nurses speak about the donations from local NGOs they received to address resource shortages. However, the author notes, “What was apparent from these nurses’ experiences was the heaviest weight that COVID-19 has brought has been a redefinition of what care and caring are and what this implies for oncology nurses—which is not necessarily for the better.” All three nurses talk about the loss of normal expressions of social affection with their families and their patients and the suffering they endure about this.
--- Ecancer Special Issue, December 2021Oncology Nursing in the Global South during COVID-19 Supplement
Denoising of SAR images
Creators: name: Poderico, Mariana
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2011

description: Matter of discussion in this Ph. D. thesis is SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) image denoising.
Main elements of innovation are the introduction of SAR-BM3D, a denoising algorithm optimized for SAR data, and the introduction of a benchmark which enables the objective performance comparison of SAR denoising algorithms on simulated canonical SAR images.
In the first part of the thesis, basic concepts on SAR images are introduced, with special emphasis on its peculiar multiplicative noise, called speckle. A description of key ideas and tools of denoising techniques known in literature then follows.
After introducing the basic elements of SAR data processing, the main statistical features of SAR images are described, and it is clarified in which context the denoising techniques operate. Techniques are then classified as those that follow the homomorphic approach, where the multiplicative noise is turned into additive noise through a logarithmic transform, and those that take explicitly into account the multiplicative nature of noise. Afterwards, it is described how the introduction of the wavelet transform has brought new ideas into SAR image denoising and how the non-local filtering strategy, originally proposed in the AWGN field, has provided relevant results also in the application to SAR.
In this context,  the novel SAR-BM3D algorithm is introduced which, starting from key elements of wavelet-based and non-local filtering implemented in BM3D, optimizes the elaboration for SAR data, following a non-homomorphic approach. A very detailed experimental analysis on simulated SAR images, obtained as optical images corrupted by artificial speckle, has been performed: results proved the SAR-BM3D algorithm to outperform traditional approaches, both in terms of PSNR and visual inspection.
Due to the well-known difficulties of evaluating the performance of denoising techniques on real SAR images, a workaround has been proposed. Rather than resorting to images corrupted by artificial speckle, a physical SAR simulator, SARAS (developed by the remote-sensing group of the Federico II University of Naples) has been used to generate a set of canonical benchmark SAR scenes.  The main advantage of SARAS images is the availability of both the noisy and clean versions of the images, the latter acting as a reference to objectively evaluate the performances of different algorithms. We have shown in detail the procedure which leads to a definition of an objective criterion to compare results provided by different algorithms when working on real SAR images. For this purpose, different test cases have been selected and specific measures, suitable for the various scenes have been proposed for the characterization.
At the end of the thesis, open issues are pointed out and future research is outlined.
FUSE Deuterium Observations: A Strong Case For Galactic Infall
Creators: name: Prodanovic, Tijana
name: Fields, Brian D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of deuterium in the local interstellar medium have revealed large variations in D/H along different lines of sight. Moreover, recent {\it Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer} (FUSE) measurements find D/H to be anticorrelated with several indicators of dust formation and survival, suggesting that interstellar deuterium suffers significant depletion onto dust grains. This in turn implies that the total deuterium abundance in the local Galactic disk could be as high as $\sim 84 %$ of the primordial D abundance. It was proposed that the infall/accretion of pristine gas is needed to explain such a high deuterium abundance. However, we point out that the infall needed to maintain a high present-day D/H is, within the preferred models, in tension with observations that gas represents only some $\sim 20%$ of Galactic baryons, with the balance in stars. We study this tension in the context of a wide class of Galactic evolution models for baryonic processing through stars, which show that deuterium destruction is strongly and cleanly correlated with the drop in the gas fraction. We find that FUSE deuterium observations and Galactic gas fraction estimates can be reconciled in some models; these demand a significant infall rate of pristine material that almost completely balances the rate of star formation. These successful models also require that the average fraction of gas that is returned by dying stars is less than 40% of the initial stellar mass. Cosmological implications of dust depletion of D in high-redshift systems are discussed.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures. Matches version to appear in JCAP; presentation revised and improved following referee comments; conclusions unchanged
Results of the photometry of the spotted dM1-2e star EY Draconis
Creators: name: Vida, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed EY Draconis with the 24`` telescope of Konkoly Observatory in Budapest for 64 nights. In the first obse rving season the star produced a stable light curve for more than 60 rotation periods, however, the light curves observe d in the next season and the spot modelling show clear evidence of the evolution of the spotted stellar surface. The chan ges of the maximum brightness level suggests the existence of a longer period of about 300 days, which seems to be confir med by the ROTSE archival data.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures with 12 image files, N+N+N conference, accepted for publication in AN
La comunicazione tra intellettuali nell'antichità: le introduzioni delle opere matematiche
Creators: name: La Mura, Valentina
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2013

description: Obiettivo del lavoro è presentare un quadro complessivo delle modalità e delle finalità con le quali erano concepite le introduzioni alle opere tecnico - scientifiche antiche; obiettivo secondario è l'analisi degli stratagemmi comunicativi adottati dagli scienziati per trasmettere i risultati delle proprie ricerche ai loro colleghi ed allievi.
4. Layers of care: Cancer nursing in Latin America amidst the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Olarte-Sierra, María Fernanda
name: Celis, Edinho
name: Tinoco, María del Rosario Caballero
name: Hernández, Angélica
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111003 Clinical Nursing: Secondary (Acute Care)
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified

description: LATIN AMERICA
 Author Olarte-Sierra’s interviews with two paediatric oncology nurses and one adult oncology nurse detail their experiences with COVID-19 in Perú, El Salvador, and Mexico, respectively. The nurses speak about the donations from local NGOs they received to address resource shortages. However, the author notes, “What was apparent from these nurses’ experiences was the heaviest weight that COVID-19 has brought has been a redefinition of what care and caring are and what this implies for oncology nurses—which is not necessarily for the better.” All three nurses talk about the loss of normal expressions of social affection with their families and their patients and the suffering they endure about this.
 -----------
 Ecancer Special Issue, December 2021 Oncology nursing and the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 in the Global South Supplement
Higgs boson decay to paired $B_c$: relativistic and one-loop corrections
Creators: name: Belov, I. N.
name: Berezhnoy, A. V.
name: Dorokhov, A. E.
name: Likhoded, A. K.
name: Martynenko, A. P.
name: Martynenko, F. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exclusive decays of the Higgs boson to $B_c B_c$ and $B_c^\ast B_c^\ast$ pairs are studied. The hard parts of the decay amplitudes are estimated within the perturbative Standard Model up to one-loop corrections. The soft fusion of heavy quarks to the quarkonium is described in framework of the relativistic quark model.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1604.07633
The Application of Composite Materials for the Reduction of the Seismic Vulnerability of Masonry Buildings.
Creators: name: Garofano, Angelo
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2013

description: Masonry buildings, whether ordinary or monumental, represent a particular class of buildings characterized by high vulnerability with respect to actions induced by earthquakes. In the last decades several studies have been carried out about the seismic behaviour of masonry buildings, but still many open issue exist regarding assessment methods, strengthening techniques, availability of adequate reinforcement design standards. The damage experienced by masonry elements has brought to light the necessity to strengthen them with appropriate reinforcing systems in order to achieve the upgrading to the necessary seismic and energy dissipation capacity.
The strengthening method characterized by the application of composite grid reinforced mortar layers onto the surface of masonry walls was recently introduced and still requires deep experimental and numerical investigation. This system represents an alternative technique of increasing the load-carrying and deformation capacity of unreinforced masonry walls subjected to cyclic loads and combines the advantages of both traditional and innovative types of intervention, being the composite a high performance material and the mortar a compatible material with respect to the masonry substrate.
The present research focuses on the study of the behaviour of masonry walls strengthened by the described technique. The overall ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the system, when subjected to horizontal in-plane actions, is studied. The actual mechanical behaviour of the proposed structural solution is investigated through an experimental program with prototypes. Moreover, the numerical modelling of the masonry walls unreinforced and reinforced by the mortar layers with the composite grids is performed with the aim to define the effectiveness of the strengthening technique in the upgrading and retrofitting of the overall behaviour of masonry walls with respect to the in-plane shear resistance and global ductility.
The results of several parametric analyses are presented and discussed, evidencing the effect of the reinforcement on the strength and displacement capacity of the wall. Two types of masonry (adobe brick and tuff block masonry) and three values of shape factor (1.0, 1.3 and 2.0) were considered. The influence of mechanical parameters of the strengthening system related to the compressive strength of the mortar layer and the axial stiffness of the composite grid in terms of variation with respect to the plane masonry wall is investigated. Finally, the intervention of strengthening of a historical masonry palace by means of this technique is described.
Epifanie della visione. Geometrie e interpretazioni delle trascrizioni anamorfiche.
Creators: name: Triggianese, Angelo
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2013

description: Epifanie, ovvero “manifestazioni”, disvelamenti simbolici, allusivi di significati più profondi o comunque differenti da quelli che la concretezza della materia porta normalmente con sè, immagini da ricercare e ricostruire nella propria mente in funzione di una particolare e volontaria interazione con la tridimensionalità delle forme: enigmi da risolvere o inganni a cui cedere?
La presente ricerca ha l’obiettivo di indagare quelle forma di espressione artistica che, nonostante il loro essere nel mondo, e quindi il loro necessario legame con i luoghi e le architetture concrete, abbiano come fine ultimo la percezione illusoria da parte dell’osservatore. La visione diventa, quindi, quell’atto volontario in cui non solo si acquisiscono informazioni casuali, ma addirittura quell’atto con cui si contribuisce alla costruzione della realtà: un mondo proprio che, dalle suggestioni esterne, si trasferisce direttamente nella mente di chi guarda, attraverso una razionale elaborazione del cervello.
All’interno delle molteplici forme espressive di carattere illusorio, si presterà particolare attenzione alle anamorfosi, strumento di trascrizione non solo formale ma anche simbolica.
Magnetic fields with precise quasisymmetry for plasma confinement
Creators: name: Landreman, Matt
name: Paul, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasisymmetry is an unusual symmetry that can be present in toroidal magnetic fields, enabling confinement of charged particles and plasma. Here it is shown that both quasi-axisymmetry and quasi-helical symmetry can be achieved to a much higher precision than previously thought over a significant volume, resulting in exceptional confinement. For a 1 Tesla mean field far from axisymmetry (vacuum rotational transform $>$ 0.4), symmetry-breaking mode amplitudes throughout a volume of aspect ratio 6 can be made as small as the typical $\sim 50$ $μ$T geomagnetic field.
description: Version to appear in Physical Review Letters, including new Supplemental Material
Ultrahigh-energy neutrino flux as a probe of large extra-dimensions
Creators: name: Lykken, Joseph
name: Mena, Olga
name: Razzaque, Soebur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A suppression in the spectrum of ultrahigh-energy (UHE, >= 10^{18} eV) neutrinos will be present in extra-dimensional scenarios, due to enhanced neutrino-antineutrino annihilation processes with the supernova relic neutrinos. In the n>4 scenario, being n the number of extra dimensions, neutrinos can not be responsible for the highest energy events observed in the UHE cosmic ray spectrum. A direct implication of these extra-dimensional interactions would be the absence of UHE neutrinos in ongoing and future neutrino telescopes.
description: JCAP accepted version. Included 5, 6 and 7 extra-dimensional cases, and 2 new figures. The conclusion remains unchanged that UHE neutrino flux would be suppressed in large extra-dimensional models
Theory of magnetically powered jets
Creators: name: Spruit, H. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic theory for the production of jets by accreting objects is reviewed with emphasis on outstanding problem areas. An effort is made to show the connections behind the occasionally diverging nomenclature in the literature, to contrast the different points of view about basic mechanisms, and to highlight concepts for interpreting the results of numerical simulations. The role of dissipation of magnetic energy in accelerating the flow is discussed, and its importance for explaining high Lorentz factors. The collimation of jets to the observed narrow angles is discussed, including a critical discussion of the role of `hoop stress'. The transition between disk and outflow is one of the least understood parts of the magnetic theory; its role in setting the mass flux in the wind, in possible modulations of the mass flux, and the uncertainties in treating it realistically are discussed. Current views on most of these problems are still strongly influenced by the restriction to 2 dimensions (axisymmetry) in previous analytical and numerical work; 3-D effects likely to be important are suggested. An interesting problem area is the nature and origin of the strong, preferably highly ordered magnetic fields known to work best for jet production. The observational evidence for such fields and their behavior in numerical simulations is discussed. I argue that the presence or absence of such fields may well be the `second parameter' governing not only the presence of jets but also the X-ray spectra and timing behavior of X-ray binaries.
description: 29 pages. Publication delays offered the opportunity for further corrections, an expansion of sect 4.2, and one more Fig. To appear in Belloni, T. (ed.): The Jet Paradigm - From Microquasars to Quasars, Lect. Notes Phys. 794 (2009)
Exponential equilibration by slow cooling in the planar random-anisotropy magnet: experiments and simulations
Creators: name: Taylor, Donald R.
name: Billoni, Orlando V.
name: Cannas, Sergio A.
name: Tamarit, Francisco A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron measurements of the equilibration of the staggered magnetization in DyAs(0.35)V(0.65)O4 are compared with Monte Carlo simulations of spin dynamics in a planar random-anisotropy magnet. The simulation results are in agreement with striking observed relaxation phenomena: when cooled rapidly to a low temperature no magnetic ordering is observed, but when cooled in small steps an ordered magnetic moment appears which is found to equilibrate exponentially with time at temperatures through and below the transition temperature. In contrast to the freezing of spins in other random systems, the time scale of the relaxation in this system does not increase significantly even at the lowest temperatures.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. B
A laboratory study of slope flow induced by a surface salt flux
Creators: name: Hardenberg, Bon J. Van
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The salt expulsion caused by the freezing of seawater and the drainage of brine from the ice creates a convectively mixed layer, which extends to the bottom in shallow coastal regions. This buoyancy flux at the surface was simulated in laboratory experiments by percolating salt water through a porous membrane into a tank. Shadowgraph images show that a down-slope flow is induced when the bottom of the tank is set at an angle. Velocity maxima in the slope flow, measured from the movement of injected dye ranged from 0.09 to 0.66 cm/s. Fluid densities were determined using thermistors and small-volume conductivity micro-cells developed for this purpose. For bottom slope angles between 2.2° and 5.5°, and at computed salt fluxes between 1.82★10⁻⁵ and 1.63★10⁻⁶ g/cm²/s, the salinity profiles showed slope flow depths between 7 and 17 mm with a rise in salinity of 0.24 to 0.92 ppt above those in the mixed layer. Entrainment at a density interface without shear, using this experimental arrangement, agreed closely with predicted results by Bo Pedersen. Using the entrainment model for a turbulent gravity current, entrainment factors computed from the data of the slope flow experiments were up to two orders of magnitude larger than those predicted for flows in a quiescent environment. This is contrary to visual evidence of the experiments or to Arctic field data, which indicate low rates of entrainment. This suggests that a different model is required to explain the interaction between such flows and the turbulent environment.
The Thousand-Pulsar-Array programme on MeerKAT III: Giant pulse characteristics of PSR J0540$-$6919
Creators: name: Geyer, Marisa
name: Serylak, Maciej
name: Abbate, Federico
name: Bailes, Matthew
name: Buchner, Sarah
name: Chilufya, Jones
name: Johnston, Simon
name: Karastergiou, Aris
name: Main, Robert
name: van Straten, Willem
name: Shamohammadi, Mohsen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PSR J0540$-$6919 is the second-most energetic radio pulsar known and resides in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Like the Crab pulsar it is observed to emit giant radio pulses (GPs). We used the newly-commissioned PTUSE instrument on the MeerKAT radio telescope to search for GPs across three observations. In a total integration time of 5.7 hrs we detected 865 pulses above our 7$σ$ threshold. With full polarisation information for a subset of the data, we estimated the Faraday rotation measure, $\rm{RM}=-245.8 \pm 1.0$ rad m$^{-2}$ toward the pulsar. The brightest of these pulses is $\sim$ 60% linearly polarised but the pulse-to-pulse variability in the polarisation fraction is significant. We find that the cumulative GP flux distribution follows a power law distribution with index $-2.75 \pm 0.02$. Although the detected GPs make up only $\sim$ 10% of the mean flux, their average pulse shape is indistinguishable from the integrated pulse profile, and we postulate that there is no underlying emission. The pulses are scattered at L-band frequencies with the brightest pulse exhibiting a scattering time-scale of $τ= 0.92 \pm 0.02$ ms at 1.2 GHz. We find several of the giants display very narrow-band "flux knots" similar to those seen in many Fast Radio Bursts, which we assert cannot be due to scintillation or plasma lensing. The GP time-of-arrival distribution is found to be Poissonian on all but the shortest time-scales where we find four GPs in six rotations, which if GPs are statistically independent is expected to occur in only 1 of 7000 observations equivalent to our data.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures
Relativity group for noninertial frames in Hamilton's mechanics
Creators: name: Low, Stephen G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The group E(3)=SO(3) *s T(3), that is the homogeneous subgroup of the Galilei group parameterized by rotation angles and velocities, defines the continuous group of transformations between the frames of inertial particles in Newtonian mechanics. We show in this paper that the continuous group of transformations between the frames of noninertial particles following trajectories that satisfy Hamilton's equations is given by the Hamilton group Ha(3)=SO(3) *s H(3) where H(3) is the Weyl-Heisenberg group that is parameterized by rates of change of position, momentum and energy, i.e. velocity, force and power. The group E(3) is the inertial special case of the Hamilton group.
description: Final version
Metabolite essentiality elucidates robustness of Escherichia coli metabolism
Creators: name: Kim, Pan-Jun
name: Lee, Dong-Yup
name: Kim, Tae Yong
name: Lee, Kwang Ho
name: Jeong, Hawoong
name: Lee, Sang Yup
name: Park, Sunwon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex biological systems are very robust to genetic and environmental changes at all levels of organization. Many biological functions of Escherichia coli metabolism can be sustained against single-gene or even multiple-gene mutations by using redundant or alternative pathways. Thus, only a limited number of genes have been identified to be lethal to the cell. In this regard, the reaction-centric gene deletion study has a limitation in understanding the metabolic robustness. Here, we report the use of flux-sum, which is the summation of all incoming or outgoing fluxes around a particular metabolite under pseudo-steady state conditions, as a good conserved property for elucidating such robustness of E. coli from the metabolite point of view. The functional behavior, as well as the structural and evolutionary properties of metabolites essential to the cell survival, was investigated by means of a constraints-based flux analysis under perturbed conditions. The essential metabolites are capable of maintaining a steady flux-sum even against severe perturbation by actively redistributing the relevant fluxes. Disrupting the flux-sum maintenance was found to suppress cell growth. This approach of analyzing metabolite essentiality provides insight into cellular robustness and concomitant fragility, which can be used for several applications, including the development of new drugs for treating pathogens.
description: Supplements available at http://stat.kaist.ac.kr/publication/2007/PJKim_pnas_supplement.pdf
Birth of the ELMs: a ZTF survey for evolved cataclysmic variables turning into extremely low-mass white dwarfs
Creators: name: El-Badry, Kareem
name: Rix, Hans-Walter
name: Quataert, Eliot
name: Kupfer, Thomas
name: Shen, Ken J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic survey for mass-transferring and recently-detached cataclysmic variables (CVs) with evolved secondaries, which are progenitors of extremely low-mass white dwarfs (ELM WDs), AM CVn systems, and detached ultracompact binaries. We select targets below the main sequence in the Gaia color-magnitude diagram with ZTF light curves showing large-amplitude ellipsoidal variability and orbital period $P_{\rm orb} < 6$ hr. This yields 51 candidates brighter than G=18, of which we have obtained many-epoch spectra for 21. We confirm all 21 to be completely -- or nearly -- Roche lobe filling close binaries. 13 show evidence of ongoing mass transfer, which has likely just ceased in the other 8. Most of the secondaries are hotter than any previously known CV donors, with temperatures $4700
description: 26 pages, 16 figures, plus appendices. Magnitudes in Table 1 fixed; machine-readable table included in source files. Accepted to MNRAS
Additional file 1 of Proteome profiling reveals changes in energy metabolism, transport and antioxidation during drought stress in Nostoc flagelliforme
Creators: name: Li, Xiaoxu
name: Ding, Miaomiao
name: Wang, Meng
name: Yang, Shujuan
name: Ma, Xiaorong
name: Hu, Jinhong
name: Song, Fan
name: Wang, Lingxia
name: Liang, Wenyu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1.
The Gravitational Field of a Radiating Electromagnetic Dipole
Creators: name: Adamo, Tim
name: Newman, Ezra T
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We begin with the time-dependent electric and magnetic dipole solution of Maxwell's equations in Minkowski space. This Maxwell field is then used to determine the behavior of the gravitational field (the Weyl tensor) as a second-order perturbation off of the Minkowski background. From the Weyl tensor we go on and find the spin-coefficients and the full metric in this approximation. The physical meaning of many of the relations is discussed. In particular we can identify the conservation law of angular momentum that contains an angular momentum flux term.
description: 17
Constraining protoplanetary disc mass using the GI wiggle
Creators: name: Terry, J. P.
name: Hall, C.
name: Longarini, Cristiano
name: Lodato, Giuseppe
name: Toci, Claudia
name: Veronesi, B.
name: Paneque-Carreño, T.
name: Pinte, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exoplanets form in protoplanetary accretion discs. The total protoplanetary disc mass is the most fundamental parameter, since it sets the mass budget for planet formation. Although observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter array (ALMA) have dramatically increased our understanding of these discs, total protoplanetary disc mass remains difficult to measure. If a disc is sufficiency massive ($\gtrsim$ 10\% of the host star mass), it can excite gravitational instability (GI). Recently, it has been revealed that GI leaves kinematic imprints of its presence known as the "GI Wiggle." In this work, we use numerical simulations to empirically determine an approximately linear relationship between the amplitude of the wiggle and the host disc-to-star mass ratio, and show that measurements of the amplitude are possible with the spatial and spectral capabilities of ALMA. These measurements can therefore be used to constrain disc-to-star mass ratio.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables
Direct quantification of quasi-Fermi level splitting in organic semiconductor devices
Creators: name: Riley, Drew B.
name: Sandberg, Oskar J.
name: Wilson, Nora M.
name: Li, Wei
name: Zeiske, Stefan
name: Zarrabi, Nasim
name: Meredith, Paul
name: Osterbacka, Ronald
name: Armin, Ardalan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-radiative losses to the open-circuit voltage are a primary factor in limiting the power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaic devices. The dominant non-radiative loss is intrinsic to the active layer and can be determined from the quasi-Fermi level splitting (QFLS) and the radiative thermodynamic limit of the photovoltage. Quantification of the QFLS in thin film devices with low mobility is challenging due to the excitonic nature of photoexcitation and additional sources of nonradiative loss associated with the device structure. This work outlines an experimental approach based on electro-modulated photoluminescence, which can be used to directly measure the intrinsic non-radiative loss to the open-circuit voltage; thereby, quantifying the QFLS. Drift-diffusion simulations are carried out to show that this method accurately predicts the QFLS in the bulk of the device regardless of device-related non-radiative losses. State-of-the-art PM6:Y6-based organic solar cells are used as a model to test the experimental approach, and the QFLS is quantified and shown to be independent of device architecture. This work provides a method to quantify the QFLS of organic solar cells under operational conditions, fully characterizing the different contributions to the non-radiative losses of the open-circuit voltage. The reported method will be useful in not only characterizing and understanding losses in organic solar cells, but also other device platforms such as light-emitting diodes and photodetectors.
The 12um ISO-ESO-Sculptor and 24um Spitzer faint counts reveal a population of ULIRG/AGN/dusty massive ellipticals Evolution by types and cosmic star formation
Creators: name: Rocca-Volmerange, B.
name: de Lapparent, V.
name: Seymour, N.
name: Fioc, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-wavelength galaxy number counts provide clues on the nature of galaxy evolution. The interpretation per galaxy type with the new code PEGASE.3 of the 12mu (ISO) and 24mu (Spitzer) faint galaxy counts provide new constraints on the dust and stellar emission. It also reveals the nature of ULIRGs (L/Lsun > 10^12) and informs on the cosmic star formation history and the time-scales for mass build-up. We firstly present the faint galaxy counts at 12um derived from the catalogue of the ISO-ESO-Sculptor Survey (ISO-ESS) in a companion paper (Seymour et al. 2007) which go down to 0.24 mJy after corrections for incompleteness. We check that they are consistent with ISO number counts at 15um. Secondly we show that the ``normal'' scenarios which fit the deep UV-optical-near-IR counts with PEGASE.2 (Fioc et al. 1999), are unsuccessful in modelling the strong excess simultaneously observed in the cumulative and differential counts at 12um, 15um and 24um. Based on observed 12mu and 25mu IRAS luminosity functions and optical/mid-IR colors, we finally succeed in modelling cumulative and differential counts by only changing 9% of normal galaxies (1/3 of the ellipticals) into ultra-bright dusty elliptical galaxies, interpreted as ULIRGs. This ULIRG population has similarities with high-z radio-galaxy hosts. No number density evolution is included. The Herschel observatory will hopefully confirm these results.
description: The paper is accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics Journal. 29 pages in referee format, 13 Postscript figures corresponding to Fig.1 to Fig.9 in the text, uses includegraphics[width=,angle=] 1 table
Einfluss einer 5‘-Nukleotidase auf die Virulenz von Streptococcus pyogenes
Creators: name: Dangel, Marcel-Lino
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: In verschiedenen pathogenen Bakterien sind 5'-Nukleotidasen als Virulenzfaktoren beschrieben. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Untersuchung eines möglichen Einflusses einer 5'-Nukleotidase auf die Virulenz von Streptococcus pyogenes. Es wurden Stämme der Serotypen M6, M18 sowie M49 verwendet. Insbesondere wurde die Fähigkeit zur Biofilmbildung, zum Überleben in humanem Blut und Plasma sowie im Galleria mellonella Infektionsmodell untersucht. Die Daten aus dieser Arbeit deuten darauf hin, dass die 5'-Nukleotidase keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Virulenz von S.pyogenes hat.
Remarks on symplectic twistor spaces
Creators: name: Albuquerque, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30F30, 32L25, 53C15

description: We consider some classical fibre bundles furnished with almost complex structures of twistor type, deduce their integrability in some cases and study \textit{self-holomorphic} sections of a \textit{symplectic} twistor space. With these we define a moduli space of $ω$-compatible complex structures. We recall the theory of flag manifolds in order to study the Siegel domain and other domains alike, which is the fibre of the referred twistor space. Finally the structure equations for the twistor of a Riemann surface with the canonical symplectic-metric connection are deduced, based on a given conformal coordinate on the surface. We then relate with the moduli space defined previously.
description: 20 pages, title changed since v2, accepted in AMPA today
Effects of Technological Change and Automation on Industry Structure and (Wage-)Inequality: Insights from a Dynamic Task-Based Model
Creators: name: Dawid, Herbert
name: Neugart, Michael
Publisher: name: Bielefeld University, Department of Business Administration and Economics
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 330
subject: automation
subject: artificial intelligence
subject: tasks
subject: wage inequality
subject: firm dynamics

description: The advent of artificial intelligence is changing the task allocation of workers and machines in firms’ production processes with potentially wide ranging effects on workers and firms. We develop an agent-based simulation framework to investigate the consequences of different types of automation for industry output, the wage distribution, the labor share, and industry dynamics. It is shown how the competitiveness of markets, in particular barriers to entry, changes the effects that automation has on various outcome variables, and to which extent heterogeneous workers with distinct general skill endowments and heterogeneous firms featuring distinct wage offer rules affect the channels via which automation changes market outcomes.