cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Transaktionskosten und Wettbewerbspolitik
Creators: name: Busse, Matthias
name: Busse, Matthias
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Transaction costs
subject: trade
subject: competition policy

description: The globalisation of the world economy increases international competition among companies. However, not all industries will be affected by the same extent. The degree of globalisation of an industry will be particularly influenced by the level of transaction costs. Low transaction costs will lead to globalised markets, high transaction costs to segmented markets. On the other hand, one has to consider heterogeneous consumer preferences and product differentiation as two additional factors of influence as well as the fact that transaction costs can only be roughly calculated. If these limitations are kept in mind, transaction costs could be of great importance for competition policy in determining the degree of international competition among firms. Die Unternehmen stehen durch die fortschreitende Globalisierung der Weltwirtschaft in einem zunehmend internationalen Wettbewerb, wovon jedoch nicht alle Branchen im gleichen Ausmaß erfasst werden. Determiniert wird der Globalisierungsgrad einer Branche vor allem durch die Höhe der Transaktionskosten. Niedrige Transaktionskosten führen tendenziell zu globalisierten Märkten, hohe Transaktionskosten zu segmentierten Märkten. Damit kommt den Transaktionskosten eine erhebliche Bedeutung im Falle von wettbewerbspolitischen Entscheidungen bei Unternehmenszusammenschlüssen zu, da sie Auskunft über die Höhe des potentiellen Wettbewerbs geben können. Jedoch sind mit heterogenen Konsumentenpräferenzen und Produktdifferenzierungen zwei weitere Determinanten zu beachten. Zudem sind die Transaktionskosten nur relativ ungenau zu berechnen, weshalb dieser Ansatz nicht allgemein gilt, sondern vielmehr im Einzelfall sinnvoll ist.
Space-Based Measurement of the Neutron Lifetime using Data from the Neutron Spectrometer on NASA's MESSENGER Mission
Creators: name: Wilson, Jack T.
name: Lawrence, David J.
name: Peplowski, Patrick N.
name: Eke, Vincent R.
name: Kegerreis, Jacob A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish the feasibility of measuring the neutron lifetime via an alternative, space-based class of methods, which use neutrons generated by galactic cosmic ray spallation of planets' surfaces and atmospheres. Free neutrons decay via the weak interaction with a mean lifetime of around 880 s. This lifetime constrains the unitarity of the CKM matrix and is a key parameter for studies of Big-Bang nucleosynthesis. However, current laboratory measurements, using two independent approaches, differ by over 4$σ$. Using data acquired in 2007 and 2008 during flybys of Venus and Mercury by NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft, which was not designed to make this measurement, we estimate the neutron lifetime to be $780\pm60_\textrm{stat}\pm70_\textrm{syst}$ s, thereby demonstrating the viability of this new approach.
Quark-hadron duality and higher twist contributions in structure functions
Creators: name: Fantoni, A.
name: Bianchi, N.
name: Liuti, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quark-hadron duality is studied in a systematic way for polarized and unpolarized structure functions, by taking into account all the available data in the resonance region. In both cases, a precise perturbative QCD based analysis of the integrals of the structure functions in the resonance region has been performed: non perturbative contributions have been disentangled, higher twist contributions have been evaluated and compared with the ones extracted in the deep inelastic scattering region. A different behavior for the unpolarized and polarized structure functions at low Q^2 is found.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
A comparison of methods for multivariate familial binary responses
Creators: name: Latif, Abu Hena M. Mahbub-Ul
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Among the existing methods for analysing the multivariate familial binary response, we discuss latent variable models and the estimating equations based methods. A brief description of the multivariate Plackett distribution is given and the role of this distribution in developing the estimating equations based methods is pointed out. The maximum likelihood and estimating equations based methods for estimating the parameters of the multivariate logistic model are compared. For this comparison, a simulation study examines the effects of the sample sizes, dependence structures, the within-family dependence, etc. in estimating the parameters. The data are generated from the multivariate probit models. The multivariate logistic and probit models are compared for estimating conditional probabilities of interest in a genetics context and the respective standard errors. Numerical methods are used to estimate the parameters of the models considered. Because the original GEE2 code cannot handle multivariate binary data for arbitrary family structures, we have a new implementation of the GEE2 method for familial data; this routine used automatic differentiation for computing the Hessian matrix.
The twistor theory of Whitham hierarchy
Creators: name: Mo, M. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have established a 1-1 correspondence between a solution of the universal Whitham hierarchy and a twistor space. The twistor space consists of a complex surface and a family of complex curves together with a meromorphic 2-form. The solution of the Whitham hierarchy is given by deforming the curve in the surface. By treating the family of algebraic curves in $CP^1 X CP^1$ as a twistor space, we were able to express the deformations of the isomonodromic spectral curve in terms of the deformations generated by the Whitham hierarchy.
description: 27 pages
Quantum secure direct communication with quantum encryption based on pure entangled states
Creators: name: Li, Xi-Han
name: Li, Chun-Yan
name: Deng, Fu-Guo
name: Zhou, Ping
name: Liang, Yu-Jie
name: Zhou, Hong-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a scheme for quantum secure direct communication with quantum encryption. The two authorized users use repeatedly a sequence of the pure entangled pairs (quantum key) shared for encrypting and decrypting the secret message carried by the traveling photons directly. For checking eavesdropping, the two parties perform the single-photon measurements on some decoy particles before each round. This scheme has the advantage that the pure entangled quantum signal source is feasible at present and any eavesdropper cannot steal the message.
description: 4 pages, no figure
Internationalisierung der Wettbewerbspolitik: Korrelat zur internationalen Handelspolitik?
Creators: name: Koopmann, Georg
name: Koopmann, Georg
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Die Liberalisierung und Integration von Märkten kann zu einer deutlichen Verstärkung negativer externer Effekte der Wettbewerbspolitik der Behörden und der Wettbewerbsstrategien der Unternehmen eines Landes in anderen Ländern führen. Dieser Entwicklung könnte durch eine Internationalisierung der Wettbewerbspolitik entsprochen werden, ohne den "Wettbewerb zwischen den Wettbewerbsregeln" vollständig auszuschalten. Eine supranationale Rahmenregelung für den Wettbewerb müßte vor allem einen Mechanismus beinhalten, der die Neigung der nationalen Wettbewerbspolitik zur Diskriminierung zwischen Inlands- und Auslandsmärkten überwinden und Verzerrungen des internationalen Wettbewerbs "an der Quelle" beseitigen könnte. Die Initiative zur Durchsetzung des Ursprungslandprinzips in der Wettbewerbspolitik würde wettbewerbswidrigen Unternehmenspraktiken sich hauptsächlich auswirken, und durch das Streitschlichtungsverfahren der WTO unterstützt. The liberalisation and integration of markets tends to significantly increase the negative externalities which domestic competition policies and corporate competition strategies may cause abroad. An internationalisation of competition policy, without completely removing the "competition among competition rules", could be an appropriate response to this development. A supranational framework for the regulation of competition would above all have to contain a mechanism by which the bias of national competition policies towards discriminating between domestic and foreign markets could be overcome and distortions of international competition eliminated "at the source". The countries most heavily affected by anti-competitive business practices would seize the initiative in enforcing the country-of-origin principle in competition policy supported by the WTO dispute-settlement procedure.
Cotensor Coalgebras in Monoidal Categories
Creators: name: Ardizzoni, A.
name: Menini, C.
name: Stefan, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18D10, 18A30

description: We introduce the concept of cotensor coalgebra for a given bicomodule over a coalgebra in an abelian monoidal category. Under some further conditions we show that such a cotensor coalgebra exists and satisfies a meaningful universal property. We prove that this coalgebra is formally smooth whenever the comodule is relative injective and the coalgebra itself is formally smooth.
Creation and Sharing of Credits through the Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol
Creators: name: Dutschke, Michael
name: Michaelowa, Axel
name: Dutschke, Michael
name: Michaelowa, Axel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The implementation of activities aimed to mitigate global greenhouse gas emissions is more cost-efficient in developing countries than in most of the industrialized world. Thus it has been a major, but contentious topic in the climate negotiations to allow crediting of emissions reduction in developing countries towards domestic emission targets of industrial countries. The Kyoto Protocol instituted a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) that is to assure that the interests of all parties from industrialized and developing countries are equally represented. Many issues concerning the structure of the CDM remain to be decided. Crediting critically depends on these decisions. Credits should accrue only after verification. A crucial issue that influences all decisions on creation and distribution of credits is whether they are tradable. Concerning credit creation, it would be advisable not to set quotas on the share of CDM credited toward Annex-B targets as they give no dynamic incentive for innovation. To reach the latter goal, crediting should be gradually reduced in the long run. Crediting should also be related to externalities and thus be differentiated according to project categories. In a fund model, the reduction of credits could be evenly spread over all investors. In a clearinghouse model it would have to be related to each project. Uncertainties should not be covered through discounting but through a compulsory insurance. Credit sharing leads to higher costs for the investors and a lower demand for CDM projects. Free negotiation of the credit sharing ratio will lead to a competition between host countries. In case of tradability, host countries could set up projects with own funds to earn credits they can sell. Such a de facto extension of emissions trading could work against the goal of inducing developing countries to voluntarily adopt emission targets. This could be promoted by making credits non-tradable but allowing banking against future targets.
Fast Object Classification and Meaningful Data Representation of Segmented Lidar Instances
Creators: name: Hahn, Lukas
name: Hasecke, Frederik
name: Kummert, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Object detection algorithms for Lidar data have seen numerous publications in recent years, reporting good results on dataset benchmarks oriented towards automotive requirements. Nevertheless, many of these are not deployable to embedded vehicle systems, as they require immense computational power to be executed close to real time. In this work, we propose a way to facilitate real-time Lidar object classification on CPU. We show how our approach uses segmented object instances to extract important features, enabling a computationally efficient batch-wise classification. For this, we introduce a data representation which translates three-dimensional information into small image patches, using decomposed normal vector images. We couple this with dedicated object statistics to handle edge cases. We apply our method on the tasks of object detection and semantic segmentation, as well as the relatively new challenge of panoptic segmentation. Through evaluation, we show, that our algorithm is capable of producing good results on public data, while running in real time on CPU without using specific optimisation.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables; accepted to appear in IEEE ITSC 2020
Maya Maskarinec; City of Saints. Rebuilding Rome in the Early Middle Ages
Creators: name: Herklotz, Ingo
Publisher: name: Journal für Kunstgeschichte
Year: 2024

description: Rezension zu: Maya Maskarinec; City of Saints. Rebuilding Rome in the Early Middle Ages; Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press 2018; 290 S., 25 Abb., 8 Karten u. 21 Tafeln; ISBN 978-0-8122-5008-4
description: Journal für Kunstgeschichte, Bd. 24 Nr. 3 (2020): Journal für Kunstgeschichte
Laplacian eigenmodes for spherical spaces
Creators: name: Lachieze-Rey, M.
name: Caillerie, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility that our space is multi - rather than singly - connected has gained a renewed interest after the discovery of the low power for the first multipoles of the CMB by WMAP. To test the possibility that our space is a multi-connected spherical space, it is necessary to know the eigenmodes of such spaces. Excepted for lens and prism space, and in some extent for dodecahedral space, this remains an open problem. Here we derive the eigenmodes of all spherical spaces. For dodecahedral space, the demonstration is much shorter, and the calculation method much simpler than before. We also apply to tetrahedric, octahedric and icosahedric spaces. This completes the knowledge of eigenmodes for spherical spaces, and opens the door to new observational tests of cosmic topology. The vector space V^k of the eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on the three-sphere S^3, corresponding to the same eigenvalue λ_k = -k (k+2), has dimension (k+1)^2. We show that the Wigner functions provide a basis for such space. Using the properties of the latter, we express the behavior of a general function of V^k under an arbitrary rotation G of SO(4). This offers the possibility to select those functions of V^k which remain invariant under G. Specifying G to be a generator of the holonomy group of a spherical space X, we give the expression of the vector space V_X^k of the eigenfunctions of X. We provide a method to calculate the eigenmodes up to arbitrary order. As an illustration, we give the first modes for the spherical spaces mentioned.
description: 17 pages, no figure, to appear in CQG
Spatial Dependence of Regional Unemployment in the European Union
Creators: name: Niebuhr, Annekatrin
name: Niebuhr, Annekatrin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Regional unemployment
subject: Spatial interaction
subject: Spatial econometrics
subject: Europe

description: The findings of recent studies on adjustment processes suggest that regional labour markets in the EU and the US differ significantly. Low wage flexibility and limited labour mobility in European countries involve persistent unemployment differentials across regions. However, the spatial dimension of regional labour market problems is largely neglected in the corresponding analyses. In contrast, the present paper focuses on the spatial structure of regional unemployment disparities. Regions are tightly linked by migration, commuting and interregional trade. These types of spatial interaction are exposed to frictional effects of distance, possibly causing spatial dependence of regional labour market conditions. Spatial association of regional unemployment is analysed for a sample of European countries between 1986 and 1998 by measures of spatial autocorrelation and spatial econometric methods. The results point to a significant spatial dependence among regional labour markets in Europe. Regions marked by high unemployment as well as areas characterised by low unemployment tend to cluster in space. The findings suggest that different forms of spatial interaction with varying scope affect the evolution of regional unemployment in Europe. Die Resultate aktueller Untersuchungen regionaler Anpassungsprozesse deuten darauf hin, dass sich die Funktionsweise regionaler Arbeitsmärkte in der EU und den USA wesentlich voneinander unterscheidet. Geringe Lohnflexibilität und eine begrenzte Mobilität der Arbeitskräfte führen zu anhaltenden Unterschieden zwischen den regionalen Arbeitslosenquoten in Europa. Bisherige Studien vernachlässigen jedoch weitgehend die räumliche Dimension regionaler Arbeitsmarktprobleme. Im Gegensatz dazu konzentriert sich die vorliegende Untersuchung auf die räumliche Struktur entsprechender Disparitäten. Regionen sind eng durch Migration, Pendlerverflechtungen und interregionalen Handel miteinander verbunden. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass regionale Arbeitsmarktbedingungen durch räumliche Abhängigkeiten geprägt sind, weil Interaktionen zwischen regionalen Arbeitsmärkten friktionellen Effekten der geographischen Distanz ausgesetzt sind. Im Rahmen der empirischen Analyse wird die räumliche Abhängigkeit regionaler Arbeitslosigkeit in einigen EU-Staaten zwischen 1986 und 1998 untersucht. Hierzu werden Maße der räumlichen Autokorrelation und Methoden der räumlichen Ökonometrie angewendet. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf erhebliche räumliche Abhängigkeiten zwischen regionalen Arbeitsmärkten in Europa hin. Regionen mit hoher Arbeitslosigkeit bilden ebenso wie Gebiete mit günstigen Arbeitsmarktbedingungen räumliche Cluster. Die empirische Analyse lässt vermuten, dass verschiedene Formen räumlicher Interaktion mit unterschiedlichen Reichweiten die Entwicklung der regionalen Arbeitslosigkeit in Europa beeinflussen.
Market Access and Regional Disparities: New Economic Geography in Europe
Creators: name: Niebuhr, Annekatrin
name: Niebuhr, Annekatrin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: New economic geography
subject: market access
subject: Europe

description: New Economic Geography (NEG) has reached a theoretical consolidation while related empirical tests are still scarce. The present paper aims at providing some evidence on the validity of forces emphasised by NEG. The analysis starts from the nominal wage equation derived from the Krugman "core-periphery model" and focuses on one of the main propositions of NEG that access advantages raise factor prices. The paper investigates the significance of market access for regional wages and the geographic extent of demand linkages for a cross section of European regions, also taking into account the effects of national borders. The regression analysis covers the period between 1985 and 2000. The results are consistent with the implication of NEG that demand linkages affect the geographic distribution of economic activities, confirming the basic findings of previous analyses. However, regarding the spatial extent of demand linkages, our results differ significantly from previous findings that point to highly localised effects.
Foreign-Owned Firms in the German Labour Market
Creators: name: Jungnickel, Rolf
name: Keller, Dietmar
name: Jungnickel, Rolf
name: Keller, Dietmar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Multinational firms
subject: Labour force and employment

description: Compared to other Western European countries, Germany was less successful in attracting FDI in the 1990s. The falling behind in inward-FDI should be no problem if foreign-owned firms (FoFs) were only substitutes for indigenous firms. However, to the extent they differ significantly in terms of performance and structure, FoFs could be an interesting target group of economic policy. We empirically test three hypotheses: FoFs enjoy a productivity advantage over purely nationally operating firms but not - or less so - over multinationals headquartered in Germany (H1). The demand for qualified labour is higher in FoFs compared to German firms (H2). FoFs show a more flexible conduct on the labour market than German-owned firms; they are less integrated in the traditional national labour market system (H3). Our analysis is based on the establishment panel of the Nuremberg Institute for Employment Research (IAB). The data largely support H1 and H2, whereas there is hardly evidence of a particular flexibility in the FoFs' conduct on the labour market.
title: AI3SD Video: Giving your Open Data the best chance to realise its potential
Creators: name: Gutteridge, Christopher
Publisher: name: University of Southampton
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: AI3SD Event, Data Quality, Data Science, Data Sharing, Datasets, Digitisation, Ontologies, RDF, Reproducible Research, Research, Research Data Management, Responsible Research, Semantic Web, Semantics, Training

description: Chris is not a researcher, but he's worked with a lot of them over 23 years at the University of Southampton. He's seen a lot of hard work on open data fail to achieve the potential it could have. A common issue is that rather than face the reality of what's going wrong, it's easier to invest more in the aspects of your dataset and data service that are good than to identify and fix aspects that are bad. Such "hygiene factors" don't have to be perfect but they must all be good enough. Failure in any one may lead to failure of your data to achieve its potential, no matter how well you do on other factors. Chris will give some examples of the most common open data hygiene factors, and some tips from the public sector open data community on how to address them pragmatically.
Agglomeration, Spatial Interaction and Convergence in the EU
Creators: name: Brauninger, Michael
name: Niebuhr, Annekatrin
name: Brauninger, Michael
name: Niebuhr, Annekatrin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Convergence
subject: agglomeration
subject: European Union
subject: spatial econometrics
subject: quantile regression

description: We investigate the convergence process among EU regions between 1980-2002 taking into account the effects of spatial heterogeneity and spatial spillover effects. The spatial regimes model allows for different steady-state growth paths. In contrast to previous analyses, the regimes in this paper refer to spatial categories, i.e. we assume that agglomerations, urbanised and rural regions are characterised by group-specific steadystates. Moreover, the regression analysis considers the effects of interaction among neighbouring regions, possibly leading to a spatial dependence of regional growth rates. We check whether spatial dependence is caused by spatial spillovers or based on country effects.
Gender Discrimination and the International Division of Labour
Creators: name: Busse, Matthias
name: Spielmann, Christian
name: Busse, Matthias
name: Spielmann, Christian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Gender Discrimination
subject: Trade
subject: Comparative Advantage
subject: FDI

description: The paper empirically explores the international economic effects of gender discrimination, namely the linkages of gender inequality with comparative advantage (trade) and foreign direct investment flows. It discusses different forms and the extent of gender discrimination across countries and presents the results of empirical tests of those linkages. The results indicate that gender inequality is positively associated with comparative advantage in unskilled-labour-intensive goods, that is, commodities where the impact of gender bias is likely to be felt most strongly. In contrast, foreign direct investment is negatively linked with gender inequality. These results even hold for relatively poor developing countries.
CHANGING FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS, THEIR EFFECT ON THE U.S. FOOD SYSTEM, 1972-1987: AN INPUT-OUTPUT PERSPECTIVE
Creators: name: Schluter, Gerald E.
name: Lee, Chinkook
name: Schluter, Gerald E.
name: Lee, Chinkook
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Output growth of the U.S. Food System is examined to apportion first the importance of domestic food demand and then the importance of components of domestic food demand. Growth of U.S. food processing output is heavily dependent upon domestic food demand and particularly its personal consumption expenditures components - food purchased for off-premise consumption and purchased meals and beverages.
EVALUATION OF THE POSSIBLE THREAT OF NAFTA ON U.S. CATFISH INDUSTRY USING A TRADITIONAL IMPORT DEMAND FUNCTION
Creators: name: Ligeon, Carel
name: Jolly, Curtis M.
name: Jackson, John D.
name: Ligeon, Carel
name: Jolly, Curtis M.
name: Jackson, John D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The effects of increased exports from NAFTA member countries on the U.S. domestic catfish industry were evaluated. Results showed that the quantity of catfish imported will fall if the domestic price of catfish falls relative to the import price. Past imports have no effect on present imports. The income elasticity was negative indicating that imported catfish may be an inferior good. Doubling present levels of imports from NAFTA member countries is not a threat to the U.S. catfish industry.
A survey for occultation astrometry of Main Belt: expected astrometric performances
Creators: name: Ferreira, João F.
name: Tanga, Paolo
name: Machado, Pedro
name: Corsaro, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Occultations of stars by asteroids are an efficient method to study the properties of minor bodies, and can be exploited as tools to derive very precise asteroid astrometry relative to the target star. With the availability of stellar astrometry thanks to the ESA mission Gaia, the frequency of good predictions and the quality of the astrometry have been strongly enhanced. Aims: Our goal is to evaluate the astrometric performance of a systematic exploitation of stellar occultations, with a homogeneous data set and a given instrument setup. As a reference instrument, we adopt the example of a robotic 50 cm telescope, which is under construction at the Observatoire de la Côte d Azur. We focus in particular on single chord occultations. Methods: We created a data set of simulated light curves, that are modelled by a Bayesian approach. To build the final statistics, we considered a list of predicted events over a long time span, and stellar astrometry from Gaia data release 2. Results: We derive an acceptable range of observability of the events, with clear indications of the expected errors in terms of timing uncertainties. By converting the distribution of such errors to astrometric uncertainties, we show that the precision on a single chord can reach levels equivalent to the performance of Gaia (sub milli arcseconds). The errors on the asteroid position are dominated by the uncertainty on the position of the occultation chord with respect to the barycentre of the object. Conclusions: The limiting factor in the use of occultation astrometry is not the light curve uncertainty, but our knowledge of the shape and size of the asteroid. This conclusion is valid in a wide range of flux drops and magnitudes of the occulted star. The currently increasing knowledge of the shape, spin properties, and size, must be used to mitigate this source of error.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, 1 table in Appendix
CONSUMER PREFERENCES FOR NON-CONVENTIONALLY GROWN PRODUCE
Creators: name: Underhill, Sheila E.
name: Figueroa, Enrique E.
name: Underhill, Sheila E.
name: Figueroa, Enrique E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: This study examines the potential for marketing fresh fruits and vegetables with labels indicating enhanced food and/or environmental safety attributes as compared to conventional produce. Four labels were investigated: Organic, Certified Organic, Certified Pesticide Residue-Free, and Grown with IPM. Results confirm findings of other surveys relating to concerns about pesticide residues. Seventy-one percent (71%) of respondents stated they believed that pesticide residues in food present a serious or moderate health hazard to consumers. In addition, 74% believed that pesticides pose a serious or moderate hazard to the environment, and 64% felt there was a serious or moderate hazard to farm workers. Results indicate there is a positive information effect for likelihood of purchasing for all of the labels, and this effect is statistically significant for all of the labels except for Certified Pesticide Residue-Free. The magnitude of the information effect for the Grown with IPM label was considerably higher than for the other labels, suggesting that there might be substantial payoffs for informing consumers about this label.
DIFFERENTIATION AND IMPLICIT PRICES OF U.S. WHEAT EXPORTS
Creators: name: Uri, Noel D.
name: Hyberg, Bengt
name: Uri, Noel D.
name: Hyberg, Bengt
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
International Relations/Trade

description: This investigation looks at whether the grade determining and official criteria factors identified by the Federal Grain Inspection Service influence the price of wheat for export and, in turn, the competitiveness of United States wheat in the world market. Using data on the transactions price for hard red winter wheat, hard red spring wheat, and soft white wheat and the associated quality characteristics covering the period January 1990 through December 1991 and exported to 63 countries, the results suggest that the test weight, the percentage of shrunken and broken kernels, the protein content, the presence of aflatoxin, the presence of insects, and the falling number are characteristics consistently valued by the market.
Himmelfahrt in Ḥiṣn Ziyād
Creators: name: Vest, Bernd Andreas
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 92 (2008): Oriens christianus, Band 92
Effects of medium chain fatty acids and ketones on leucine metabolism in astrocytes : towards an understanding of the anti-epileptic efficacy of the ketogenic diet
Creators: name: Townsend, Marria May
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A high fat, low glucose diet, termed "ketogenic" because it results in elevations in circulating ketones, has been used for over 75 years as a treatment for pediatric epilepsy. The mechanism by which the ketogenic diet suppresses epileptic seizures is not understood. Fundamentally, the diet must involve an effect on brain metabolism but there is a lack of information about the metabolic impact of a change in fuel source at the level of the brain cell. This study examined the effect of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) and ketones on the oxidation of leucine in astrocytes. The first series of experiments measured the production of 14CO2, from [U14C]-leucine, in the presence of no additional substrate (control) and increasing concentrations of octanoate (an MCFA) and p-hydroxybutyrate. The second series of experiments measured 14CO2 production from oxidative decarboxylation of [1-14C]-leucine and 14CO2 production from the chemical decarboxylation of [1-14C]-leucine derived α-ketoisocaproate (α-KIC) in the presence and absence of β-hydroxybutyrate and octanoate. Inclusion of β-hydroxybutyrate caused a 60-70% reduction in 14CO2 production from [U-14C]-leucine; with octanoate the inhibition was even more dramatic with 80% reduction compared to control. Experiments using [1-14C]- leucine did not find a statistically significant change in 14CO2 production when β-hydroxybutyrate was included, but did find an increased level of labelled α-KIC in the media, reflecting leucine that had been transaminated but had not proceeded through to the second step of metabolism. The amount of residual α-KIC was increased by up to 54%. Octanoate did inhibit oxidative decarboxylation of [1-14C]-leucine, with 5.0 mM octanoate reducing the production of 14CO2 by 94%. In contrast to the accumulation of α-KIC seen in experiments using β-hydroxybutyrate, incubation with octanoate resulted in a decreased production of α-KIC. This finding suggests that octanoate and β-hydroxybutyrate may inhibit leucine metabolism by different mechanisms. These findings support the hypothesis that MCFAs and ketones alter leucine metabolism in astrocytes. They may have implications for the understanding of integrated fuel metabolism within the brain and for the mechanism of action of the ketogenic diet. [Scientific formulae used in this abstract could not be reproduced.]
Two-component source to explain $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ global polarization in non-central heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Ayala, A.
name: Cuautle, E.
name: Domínguez, I.
name: Maldonado, I.
name: Salinas, J.
name: Tejeda-Yeomans, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The STAR Beam Energy Scan program has found a difference in the global polarization of $Λ$s and $\barΛ$s produced in $Au+Au$ collisions. This difference is larger for lower center of mass collision energies. In this work we show that a two-component source, consisting of a high density core and a lower density corona, can describe quantitatively the $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ polarization as a function of collision energy.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
CONSUMER USE OF NUTRITION LABELS ON PACKAGED MEATS
Creators: name: Piedra, Mario A.
name: Schupp, Alvin R.
name: Montgomery, Donna E.
name: Piedra, Mario A.
name: Schupp, Alvin R.
name: Montgomery, Donna E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: Consumer perceptions of the importance of nutritional labeling of fresh meats and knowledge of nutritional terms have been presented in the Journal of Food Distribution Research (Piedra, et al 1995). This article presents follow up information on consumer reported uses of nutritional labels on packaged meats and the specific nutrients that the consumers check for on packaged meats. The results indicate that consumers use nutrition labels to check for desirable dietary components and to compare nutrient content among meats as well as to check for the presence of undesirable dietary components in packaged meats.
ESO Imaging Survey: Optical follow-up of 12 selected XMM-Newton fields
Creators: name: Dietrich, J. P.
name: Miralles, J. -M.
name: Olsen, L. F.
name: da Costa, L.
name: Schwope, A.
name: Benoist, C.
name: Hambaryan, V.
name: Mignano, A.
name: Motch, C.
name: Rite, C.
name: Slijkhuis, R.
name: Tedds, J.
name: Vandame, B.
name: Watson, M. G.
name: Zaggia, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) This paper presents the data recently released for the XMM-Newton/WFI survey carried out as part of the ESO Imaging Survey (EIS) project. The aim of this survey is to provide optical imaging follow-up data in BVRI for identification of serendipitously detected X-ray sources in selected XMM-Newton fields. In this paper, fully calibrated individual and stacked images of 12 fields as well as science-grade catalogs for the 8 fields located at high-galactic latitude are presented. The data covers an area of \sim 3 square degrees for each of the four passbands. The median limiting magnitudes (AB system, 2" aperture, 5σdetection limit) are 25.20, 24.92, 24.66, and 24.39 mag for B-, V-, R-, and I-band, respectively. These survey products, together with their logs, are available to the community for science exploitation in conjunction with their X-ray counterparts. Preliminary results from the X-ray/optical cross-correlation analysis show that about 61% of the detected X-ray point sources in deep XMM-Newton exposures have at least one optical counterpart within 2" radius down to R \simeq 25 mag, 50% of which are so faint as to require VLT observations thereby meeting one of the top requirements of the survey, namely to produce large samples for spectroscopic follow-up with the VLT, whereas only 15% of the objects have counterparts down to the DSS limiting magnitude.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Accompanying data releases available at http://archive.eso.org/archive/public_datasets.html (WFI images), http://www.eso.org/science/eis/surveys/release_65000025_XMM.html (optical catalogs), http://www.aip.de/groups/xray/XMM_EIS/ (X-ray data). Full resolution version available at http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~dietrich/publications/3785.ps.gz
'Collaborate, Generate, Translate: Research meets clinical practice in methamphetamine and emerging drugs' The NCCRED 2019 Symposium, Hobart, Australia.
Creators: name: Bascombe, Florence
name: Hallen, Jemma
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111701 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111716 Preventive Medicine
subject: 111717 Primary Health Care
subject: 111506 Toxicology (incl. Clinical Toxicology)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111603 Systems Physiology
subject: FOS: Basic medicine
subject: 111718 Residential Client Care
subject: 110321 Rehabilitation and Therapy (excl. Physiotherapy)
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified
subject: 111005 Mental Health Nursing
subject: 119999 Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences
subject: 111712 Health Promotion
subject: 111710 Health Counselling
subject: 111711 Health Information Systems (incl. Surveillance)
subject: 111708 Health and Community Services
subject: Health Care
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: 110305 Emergency Medicine
subject: 111502 Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
subject: 111002 Clinical Nursing: Primary (Preventative)
subject: 111003 Clinical Nursing: Secondary (Acute Care)
subject: 111004 Clinical Nursing: Tertiary (Rehabilitative)

description: The NCCRED National Symposium ‘Collaborate, Generate, Translate: Research meets clinical practice in methamphetamine and emerging drugs’ was heldon 10th of November 2019 in Hobart prior to the annual Australasian Professional Society of Alcohol and other Drugs (APSAD) conference. The symposiumattracted 71 attendees, with a total of 11 presentations.
Report on summer school and its material (D6.1)
Creators: name: Pedro, Luciana
name: Kunkel, Julian
name: Ogaja, Jack
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: ESiWACE2

description: This report describes the organisation and outcome of the two ESiWACE summer schools in 2020 and 2021, in particular, the offered training sessions. Additionally, the results of the conducted surveys regarding the quality and effectiveness of the summer schools are illustrated. The summer schools were organised as a one-week virtual event in August 2020 and 2021 due to COVID- 19 restrictions. The scope of the schools is in the training of young researchers and software engineers in methods, tools, and theoretical knowledge to make effective use of HPC environments and generate insights. The sessions included about 34 hours of lectures and 18 hours of hands-on and lab practicals. Overall 289 people registered for the schools – 87 obtained a certificate of attendance because they attended most of the sessions in the respective school. The created videos of the sessions were published on YouTube after the event to allow even more attendees to enjoy the training. The post-event survey suggests that more than 95% of the attendees had at least a good experience and generally, a favorable appraisal was given. In the CoE proposal, we expected to host 30-40 students per school which were surpassed by the total number of attendees of the summer schools. We conclude the lectures and lab practicals were generally well-received and despite being a virtual event we successfully delivered the planned training events.
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS IN CONSUMER PREFERENCE STUDIES
Creators: name: Fox, John A.
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Shogren, Jason F.
name: Kliebenstein, James B.
name: Fox, John A.
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Shogren, Jason F.
name: Kliebenstein, James B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: Controlled experimental auctions can be used to elicit preferences for food products. We describe results from two series of experiments in which subjects revealed their willingness-to-pay for safer food. In one series, the risk reduction technology was not specified; in the other, it was identified as food irradiation. The results provide some evidence on the acceptability of food irradiation as a risk reduction technology.
Unified cross-modality feature disentangler for unsupervised multi-domain MRI abdomen organs segmentation
Creators: name: Jiang, Jue
name: Veeraraghavan, Harini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Our contribution is a unified cross-modality feature disentagling approach for multi-domain image translation and multiple organ segmentation. Using CT as the labeled source domain, our approach learns to segment multi-modal (T1-weighted and T2-weighted) MRI having no labeled data. Our approach uses a variational auto-encoder (VAE) to disentangle the image content from style. The VAE constrains the style feature encoding to match a universal prior (Gaussian) that is assumed to span the styles of all the source and target modalities. The extracted image style is converted into a latent style scaling code, which modulates the generator to produce multi-modality images according to the target domain code from the image content features. Finally, we introduce a joint distribution matching discriminator that combines the translated images with task-relevant segmentation probability maps to further constrain and regularize image-to-image (I2I) translations. We performed extensive comparisons to multiple state-of-the-art I2I translation and segmentation methods. Our approach resulted in the lowest average multi-domain image reconstruction error of 1.34$\pm$0.04. Our approach produced an average Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.85 for T1w and 0.90 for T2w MRI for multi-organ segmentation, which was highly comparable to a fully supervised MRI multi-organ segmentation network (DSC of 0.86 for T1w and 0.90 for T2w MRI).
description: This paper has been accepted by MICCAI2020
A Resource Framework for Quantum Shannon Theory
Creators: name: Devetak, I.
name: Harrow, A. W.
name: Winter, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Shannon theory is loosely defined as a collection of coding theorems, such as classical and quantum source compression, noisy channel coding theorems, entanglement distillation, etc., which characterize asymptotic properties of quantum and classical channels and states. In this paper we advocate a unified approach to an important class of problems in quantum Shannon theory, consisting of those that are bipartite, unidirectional and memoryless. We formalize two principles that have long been tacitly understood. First, we describe how the Church of the larger Hilbert space allows us to move flexibly between states, channels, ensembles and their purifications. Second, we introduce finite and asymptotic (quantum) information processing resources as the basic objects of quantum Shannon theory and recast the protocols used in direct coding theorems as inequalities between resources. We develop the rules of a resource calculus which allows us to manipulate and combine resource inequalities. This framework simplifies many coding theorem proofs and provides structural insights into the logical dependencies among coding theorems. We review the above-mentioned basic coding results and show how a subset of them can be unified into a family of related resource inequalities. Finally, we use this family to find optimal trade-off curves for all protocols involving one noisy quantum resource and two noiseless ones.
description: 60 pages
Prediction Intervals: Split Normal Mixture from Quality-Driven Deep Ensembles
Creators: name: Salem, Tárik S.
name: Langseth, Helge
name: Ramampiaro, Heri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Prediction intervals are a machine- and human-interpretable way to represent predictive uncertainty in a regression analysis. In this paper, we present a method for generating prediction intervals along with point estimates from an ensemble of neural networks. We propose a multi-objective loss function fusing quality measures related to prediction intervals and point estimates, and a penalty function, which enforces semantic integrity of the results and stabilizes the training process of the neural networks. The ensembled prediction intervals are aggregated as a split normal mixture accounting for possible multimodality and asymmetricity of the posterior predictive distribution, and resulting in prediction intervals that capture aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty. Our results show that both our quality-driven loss function and our aggregation method contribute to well-calibrated prediction intervals and point estimates.
Casimir effect in external magnetic field
Creators: name: Ostrowski, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we examine the Casimir effect for charged fields in presence of external magnetic field. We consider scalar field (connected with spinless particles) and the Dirac field (connected with 1/2-spin particles). In both cases we describe quantum field using the canonical formalism. We obtain vacuum energy by direct solving field equations and using the mode summation method. In order to compute the renormalized vacuum energy we use the Abel-Plana formula.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures