cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Same data, different analysts: variation in effect sizes due to analytical decisions in ecology and evolutionary biology [Registered Report Stage 1 Protocol]
Creators: name: Parker, Timothy
name: Fraser, Hannah
name: Nakagawa, Shinichi
name: ELISE BETHANY GOULD
name: Griffith, Simon
name: PETER VESK
name: FIONA FIDLER
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics
subject: 60201 Behavioural Ecology

description: Abstract Although variation in effect sizes and predicted values among studies of similar phenomena is inevitable, there is evidence that such variation may far exceed what might be produced by sampling error. This evidence comes from a growing meta-research agenda that seeks to describe and explain variation in reliability of scientific results. One possible explanation for variation among results is differences among researchers in the decisions they make regarding statistical analyses. The best evidence for this comes from a recent social science study that asked 29 different research teams to answer the same question independently by analyzing the same data set. Although many of the effect sizes were similar, some differed substantially from the average. We plan to implement an analogous study in ecology and evolutionary biology, a field in which there has been no empirical exploration of the variation in effect sizes or model predictions of dependent variables generated by analytical decisions of different researchers. We have obtained two unpublished data sets, one from evolutionary ecology and one from conservation ecology, and we will recruit as many independent scientists as possible to conduct analyses of these data to answer prespecified research questions. We will also recruit peer reviewers to rate the analyses based on their methodological descriptions so that we have multiple ratings of each analysis. Next we will quantify the variability in choices of independent variables among analyses and, using meta-analytic techniques, describe and quantify the degree of variability among effect sizes and predicted values for each of the data sets. Finally, we will quantify the extent to which deviation of individual effect sizes and predicted values from the meta-analytic mean for that data set is explained by peer review ratings and by the ‘uniqueness’ of the set of variables chosen for the analysis by each team.
From moral hazard to risk-response feedback
Creators: name: Jebari, Joseph
name: Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O.
name: Andrews, Talbot M.
name: Aquila, Valentina
name: Beckage, Brian
name: Belaia, Mariia
name: Clifford, Maggie
name: Fuhrman, Jay
name: Keller, David P.
name: Mach, Katharine J.
name: Morrow, David R.
name: Raimi, Kaitlin T.
name: Visioni, Daniele
name: Nicholson, Simon
name: Trisos, Christopher H.
Publisher: name: Climate Risk Management
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 41
subject: Environmental sciences
classificationCode: 4101
subject: Climate change impacts and adaptation

description: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessments (IPCC) Special Report on 1.5 °C of global warming is clear. Nearly all pathways that hold global warming well below 2 °C involve carbon removal (IPCC, 2015). In addition, solar geoengineering is being considered as a potential tool to offset warming, especially to limit temperature until negative emissions technologies are sufficiently matured (MacMartin et al., 2018). Despite this, there has been a reluctance to embrace carbon removal and solar geoengineering, partly due to the perception that these technologies represent what is widely termed a “moral hazard”: that geoengineering will prevent people from developing the will to change their personal consumption and push for changes in infrastructure (Robock et al., 2010), erode political will for emissions cuts (Keith, 2007), or otherwise stimulate increased carbon emissions at the social-system level of analysis (Bunzl, 2008). These debates over carbon removal and geoengineering echo earlier ones over climate adaptation. We argue that debates over “moral hazard” in many areas of climate policy are unhelpful and misleading. We also propose an alternative framework for dealing with the tradeoffs that motivate the appeal to “moral hazard,” which we call “risk-response feedback.”
An open source platform for presenting dynamic visual stimuli
Creators: name: Swanson, Kyra
name: White, Samantha R.
name: Preston, Michael W.
name: Wilson, Joshua
name: Mitchell, Meagan
name: Laubach, Mark
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Operant behavior procedures often rely on visual stimuli to cue the initiation or secession of a response, and to provide a means for discriminating between two or more simultaneously available responses. While primate and human studies typically use Liquid-Crystal Display (LCD) or Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) monitors and touch screens, rodent studies use a variety of methods to present visual cues ranging from traditional incandescent light bulbs, single LEDs, and, more recently, touch screen monitors. Commercially available systems for visual stimulus presentation are costly, challenging to customize, and are typically closed source. We developed an open-source, highly-modifiable visual stimulus presentation platform that can be combined with a 3D-printed operant response device. The device uses an 8 × 8 matrix of LEDs, and can be expanded to control much larger LED matrices. Implementing the platform is low-cost (,$70 USD per device in the year 2020). Using the platform, we trained rats to make nosepoke responses and discriminate between two distinct visual cues in a location-independent manner. This visual stimulus presentation platform is a cost-effective way to implement complex visually-guided operant behavior, including the use of moving or dynamically changing visual stimuli.
Thermally pumped on-chip maser
Creators: name: Thomas, George
name: Gubaydullin, Azat
name: Golubev, Dmitry S.
name: Pekola, Jukka P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical model of an on-chip three-level maser in a superconducting circuit based on a single artificial atom and pumped by a temperature gradient between thermal baths coupled to different interlevel transitions. We show that maser powers of the order of a few femtowatts, well exceeding the resolution of the sensitive bolometry, can be achieved with typical circuit parameters. We also demonstrate that population inversion in the artificial atom can be detected without measuring coherent radiation output of the maser. For that purpose, the system should operate as a three-terminal heat transport device. The hallmark of population inversion is the influx of heat power into the weakly coupled output terminal even though its temperature exceeds the temperatures of the two other terminals. The proposed method of on-chip conversion of heat into microwave radiation and control of energy-level populations by heating provide additional useful tools for circuit quantum electrodynamics experiments.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
An open source platform for presenting dynamic visual stimuli
Creators: name: Swanson, Kyra
name: White, Samantha R.
name: Preston, Michael W.
name: Wilson, Joshua
name: Mitchell, Meagan
name: Laubach, Mark
Publisher: name: Society for Neuroscience
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3209
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Operant behavior procedures often rely on visual stimuli to cue the initiation or secession of a response, and to provide a means for discriminating between two or more simultaneously available responses. While primate and human studies typically use Liquid-Crystal Display (LCD) or Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) monitors and touch screens, rodent studies use a variety of methods to present visual cues ranging from traditional incandescent light bulbs, single LEDs, and, more recently, touch screen monitors. Commercially available systems for visual stimulus presentation are costly, challenging to customize, and are typically closed source. We developed an open-source, highly-modifiable visual stimulus presentation platform that can be combined with a 3D-printed operant response device. The device uses an 8 × 8 matrix of LEDs, and can be expanded to control much larger LED matrices. Implementing the platform is low-cost (,$70 USD per device in the year 2020). Using the platform, we trained rats to make nosepoke responses and discriminate between two distinct visual cues in a location-independent manner. This visual stimulus presentation platform is a cost-effective way to implement complex visually-guided operant behavior, including the use of moving or dynamically changing visual stimuli.
Novel Coexistence of Superconductivity with Two Distinct Magnetic Orders
Creators: name: Christianson, A. D.
name: Llobet, A.
name: Bao, Wei
name: Gardner, J. S.
name: Swainson, I. P.
name: Lynn, J. W.
name: Mignot, J. -M.
name: Prokes, K.
name: Pagliuso, P. G.
name: Moreno, N. O.
name: Sarrao, J. L.
name: Thompson, J. D.
name: Lacerda, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The heavy fermion Ce(Rh,Ir)In5 system exhibits properties that range from an incommensurate antiferromagnet on the Rh-rich end to an exotic superconductor on the Ir-rich end of the phase diagram. At intermediate composition where antiferromagnetism coexists with superconductivity, two types of magnetic order are observed: the incommensurate one of CeRhIn5 and a new, commensurate antiferromagnetism that orders separately. The coexistence of f-electron superconductivity with two distinct f-electron magnetic orders is unique among unconventional superconductors, adding a new variety to the usual coexistence found in magnetic superconductors.
description: 3 figures, 4 pages
Current and future food insufficiency during Covid-19 : examining disparities by race/ethnicity and recent work loss
Creators: name: Altman, Claire E.
name: Dondero, Molly
name: Heflin, Colleen M.
name: Nusbaum, Dashiell
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The Covid-19 pandemic, which began in early 2020, has eroded the previous decade’s reductions in food insecurity. Pandemic-related food insufficiency has been concentrated among Black and Hispanic households and those who have experienced a recent work loss. Households with children are particularly vulnerable. Using the first twenty-one weeks of the US Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey data from April 2020 through December of 2020, we examine the association between recent work losses and food insufficiency and document the extent to which the impact varies by race/ethnicity. Work loss is predictive of current and future food insufficiency, with the association most acutely experienced by Blacks and Hispanics and households with children. There is evidence of racial/ethnic disparities in current and future food insufficiency. The results provide insight into how the pandemic has widened racial/ethnic gaps in the experience of food insufficiency despite recent policy interventions.
Modified triplectic quantization in general coordinates
Creators: name: Geyer, B.
name: Lavrov, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extension of previous results (hep-th/0105215)on the quantization of general gauge theories within the BRST-antBRST invatiant Lagrangian scheme in general coordinates, namely, we consider the case when the base manifold of fields and antifields is a supermanifold desribed in terms of both bosonic and fermionic variables.
description: 12 pages, Latex; addition of 2 references land related remarks
Same data, different analysts: variation in effect sizes due to analytical decisions in ecology and evolutionary biology [Registered Report Stage 1 Protocol]
Creators: name: Parker, Timothy
name: Fraser, Hannah
name: Nakagawa, Shinichi
name: ELISE BETHANY GOULD
name: Griffith, Simon
name: PETER VESK
name: FIONA FIDLER
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60405 Gene Expression (incl. Microarray and other genome-wide approaches)
subject: 60408 Genomics
subject: 60201 Behavioural Ecology

description: Abstract Although variation in effect sizes and predicted values among studies of similar phenomena is inevitable, there is evidence that such variation may far exceed what might be produced by sampling error. This evidence comes from a growing meta-research agenda that seeks to describe and explain variation in reliability of scientific results. One possible explanation for variation among results is differences among researchers in the decisions they make regarding statistical analyses. The best evidence for this comes from a recent social science study that asked 29 different research teams to answer the same question independently by analyzing the same data set. Although many of the effect sizes were similar, some differed substantially from the average. We plan to implement an analogous study in ecology and evolutionary biology, a field in which there has been no empirical exploration of the variation in effect sizes or model predictions of dependent variables generated by analytical decisions of different researchers. We have obtained two unpublished data sets, one from evolutionary ecology and one from conservation ecology, and we will recruit as many independent scientists as possible to conduct analyses of these data to answer prespecified research questions. We will also recruit peer reviewers to rate the analyses based on their methodological descriptions so that we have multiple ratings of each analysis. Next we will quantify the variability in choices of independent variables among analyses and, using meta-analytic techniques, describe and quantify the degree of variability among effect sizes and predicted values for each of the data sets. Finally, we will quantify the extent to which deviation of individual effect sizes and predicted values from the meta-analytic mean for that data set is explained by peer review ratings and by the ‘uniqueness’ of the set of variables chosen for the analysis by each team.
Automated Detection of Cribriform Growth Patterns in Prostate Histology Images
Creators: name: Ambrosini, Pierre
name: Hollemans, Eva
name: Kweldam, Charlotte F.
name: van Leenders, Geert J. L. H.
name: Stallinga, Sjoerd
name: Vos, Frans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cribriform growth patterns in prostate carcinoma are associated with poor prognosis. We aimed to introduce a deep learning method to detect such patterns automatically. To do so, convolutional neural network was trained to detect cribriform growth patterns on 128 prostate needle biopsies. Ensemble learning taking into account other tumor growth patterns during training was used to cope with heterogeneous and limited tumor tissue occurrences. ROC and FROC analyses were applied to assess network performance regarding detection of biopsies harboring cribriform growth pattern. The ROC analysis yielded a mean area under the curve up to 0.81. FROC analysis demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.9 for regions larger than 0.0150 mm2 with on average 7.5 false positives. To benchmark method performance for intra-observer annotation variability, false positive and negative detections were re-evaluated by the pathologists. Pathologists considered 9% of the false positive regions as cribriform, and 11% as possibly cribriform; 44% of the false negative regions were not annotated as cribriform. As a final experiment, the network was also applied on a dataset of 60 biopsy regions annotated by 23 pathologists. With the cut-off reaching highest sensitivity, all images annotated as cribriform by at least 7/23 of the pathologists, were all detected as cribriform by the network and 9/60 of the images were detected as cribriform whereas no pathologist labelled them as such. In conclusion, the proposed deep learning method has high sensitivity for detecting cribriform growth patterns at the expense of a limited number of false positives. It can detect cribriform regions that are labelled as such by at least a minority of pathologists. Therefore, it could assist clinical decision making by suggesting suspicious regions.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Current and future food insufficiency during Covid-19 : examining disparities by race/ethnicity and recent work loss
Creators: name: Altman, Claire E.
name: Dondero, Molly
name: Heflin, Colleen M.
name: Nusbaum, Dashiell
Publisher: name: Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The Covid-19 pandemic, which began in early 2020, has eroded the previous decade’s reductions in food insecurity. Pandemic-related food insufficiency has been concentrated among Black and Hispanic households and those who have experienced a recent work loss. Households with children are particularly vulnerable. Using the first twenty-one weeks of the US Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey data from April 2020 through December of 2020, we examine the association between recent work losses and food insufficiency and document the extent to which the impact varies by race/ethnicity. Work loss is predictive of current and future food insufficiency, with the association most acutely experienced by Blacks and Hispanics and households with children. There is evidence of racial/ethnic disparities in current and future food insufficiency. The results provide insight into how the pandemic has widened racial/ethnic gaps in the experience of food insufficiency despite recent policy interventions.
Appendix B.pdf
Creators: name: Patou, François
name: Ciccone, Nicholas
name: Thorpe, Julia Rosemary
name: Maier, Anja
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 120404 Engineering Systems Design
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: This appendix holds the detailed review of the literature that forms the basis for the manuscript entitled "Designing P4 Healthcare Interventions For Managing Cognitive Decline And Dementia: Where Are We At?"
An FLRW interacting dark energy model of the Universe
Creators: name: Pradhan, Anirudh
name: Goswami, G. K.
name: Beesham, A.
name: Dixit, Archana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we have presented an FLRW universe containing two-fluids (baryonic and dark energy) with a deceleration parameter (DP) having a transition from past decelerating to the present accelerating universe. In this model, dark energy (DE) interacts with dust to produce a new law for the density. As per our model, our universe is at present in a phantom phase after passing through a quintessence phase in the past. The physical importance of the two-fluid scenario is described in various aspects. The model is shown to satisfy current observational constraints such as recent Planck results. Various cosmological parameters relating to the history of the universe have been investigated.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1906.00450, arXiv:1905.10801
Whatever happened to socialization?
Creators: name: Guhin, Jeffrey
name: Calarco, Jessica McCrory
name: Miller-Idriss, Cynthia
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Socialization is a key mechanism of social reproduction. Yet, like the functionalists who introduced the concept, socialization has fallen out of favor, critiqued for ignoring power and agency, for its teleology and incoherence, and for a misguided link to “culture of poverty” arguments. In this review, we argue for a renewed, postfunctionalist use of socialization. We review the concept's history, its high point under Parsons, the reasons for its demise, its continued use in some subfields (e.g., gender, race and ethnicity, education), and alternative concepts used to explain social reproduction. We then suggest that something is lost when socialization is avoided or isolated in particular subfields. Without socialization, conceptions of social reproduction face problems of history, power, and transferability. We close by outlining a postfunctionalist agenda for socialization research, providing a framework for a new theory of socialization, one that builds off of cognitive science, pragmatism, the study of language, the reinterrogation of values, and the development of ideology in political socialization.
Soft, collinear and non-relativistic modes in radiative decays of very heavy quarkonium
Creators: name: Tormo, Xavier Garcia i
name: Soto, Joan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the end-point region of the photon spectrum in semi-inclusive radiative decays of very heavy quarkonium (m alpha_s^2 >> Lambda_QCD). We discuss the interplay of the scales arising in the Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, m, m(1-z)^{1/2} and m(1-z) for z close to 1, with the scales of heavy quarkonium systems in the weak coupling regime, m, m alpha_s and m alpha_s^2. For 1-z \sim alpha_s^2 only collinear and (ultra)soft modes are seen to be relevant, but the recently discovered soft-collinear modes show up for 1-z << alpha_s^2. The S- and P-wave octet shape functions are calculated. When they are included in the analysis of the photon spectrum of the Upsilon (1S) system, the agreement with data in the end-point region becomes excellent. The NRQCD matrix elements <1^3S_1| O_8(^1S_0) | 1^3S_1> and <1^3S_1| O_8(^3P_J) | 1^3S_1> are also obtained.
description: Revtex, 11 pages, 6 figures. Minor improvements and references added. Journal version
Star Formation Rates and Extinction Properties of IR-Luminous Galaxies in the Spitzer First Look Survey
Creators: name: Choi, P. I.
name: Yan, L.
name: Im, M.
name: Helou, G.
name: Soifer, B. T.
name: Storrie-Lombardi, L. J.
name: Chary, R.
name: Teplitz, H. I.
name: Fadda, D.
name: Marleau, F. R.
name: Lacy, M.
name: Wilson, G.
name: Appleton, P. N.
name: Frayer, D. T.
name: Surace, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the instantaneous star formation rates (SFR) and extinction properties for a large (N=274), near-infrared (2.2 micron) + mid-infrared (24 micron) selected sample of normal to ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) [10^9~0.8 in the Spitzer Extragalactic First Look Survey. We combine Spitzer MIPS 24-micron observations with high-resolution, optical Keck Deimos spectroscopy to derive optical emission-line and infrared star formation rates (SFR_{opt} & SFR_{IR}, respectively). Direct comparison of these SFR diagnostics reveals that our sample exhibits a wide range of extinction (1.01, which make up a large fraction of our sample, have SFR~100 M_{sun}/yr and ~2.5 mag. This translates to a 97% mean attenuation of the [OII] forbidden line doublet, with the most extreme sources having as much as 99.7% of their [OII] line flux extinguished by dust. Based on a SFR_{IR}/SFR_{opt} diagnostic, we derive an IR-luminosity-dependent Av^{IR} function [Av^{IR}=0.75*log(L_{IR}/L_{sun})-6.35 mag] that we use to extinction correct our emission line luminosities. Application of this correction results in a correlation between SFR_{IR} and SFR_{opt} that has a dispersion of 0.2 dex. Investigation of the Av dependence on redshift reveals that for a fixed L_{IR}, there is no significant Av evolution. The mean attenuation of our sample is intermediate between that of local optical/UV- and radio-selected samples and has a marginally stronger L_{IR} dependence.
description: accepted by the Astrophysical Journal; 19 pages, including 14 figures
Supplementary document for Broadband, high-power optical frequency combs covering visible to near-infrared - 6742747.pdf
Creators: name: Tian, Haochen
name: ZHU, RUICHEN
name: Li, Runmin
name: Xing, Sida
name: Schibli, Thomas
name: Minoshima, Kaoru
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary Material
Systematic Development and Optimization of Inhalable Pirfenidone Liposomes for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment
Creators: name: Vineela Parvathaneni
name: Nishant Kulkarni
name: Snehal Shukla
name: Farrales, Pamela
name: Nitesh K. Kunda
name: Muth, Aaron
name: Gupta, Vivek
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111201 Cancer Cell Biology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biomarkers
subject: 111207 Molecular Targets

description: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a global disorder, treatment options for which remain limited with resistance development by cancer cells and off-target events being major roadblocks for current therapies. The discovery of new drug molecules remains time-consuming, expensive, and prone to failure in safety/efficacy studies. Drug repurposing (i.e., investigating FDA-approved drug molecules for use against new indications) provides an opportunity to shorten the drug development cycle. In this project, we propose to repurpose pirfenidone (PFD), an anti-fibrotic drug, for NSCLC treatment by encapsulation in a cationic liposomal carrier. Liposomal formulations were optimized and evaluated for their physicochemical properties, in-vitro aerosol deposition behavior, cellular internalization capability, and therapeutic potential against NSCLC cell lines in-vitro and ex-vivo. Anti-cancer activity of PFD-loaded liposomes and molecular mechanistic efficacy was determined through colony formation (1.5- to 2-fold reduction in colony growth compared to PFD treatment in H4006, A549 cell lines, respectively), cell migration, apoptosis and angiogenesis assays. Ex-vivo studies using 3D tumor spheroid models revealed superior efficacy of PFD-loaded liposomes against NSCLC, as compared to plain PFD. Hence, the potential of inhalable liposome-loaded pirfenidone in NSCLC treatment has been established in-vitro and ex-vivo, where further studies are required to determine their efficacy through in vivo preclinical studies followed by clinical studies
Model Monitoring and Dynamic Model Selection in Travel Time-series Forecasting
Creators: name: Candela, Rosa
name: Michiardi, Pietro
name: Filippone, Maurizio
name: Zuluaga, Maria A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurate travel products price forecasting is a highly desired feature that allows customers to take informed decisions about purchases, and companies to build and offer attractive tour packages. Thanks to machine learning (ML), it is now relatively cheap to develop highly accurate statistical models for price time-series forecasting. However, once models are deployed in production, it is their monitoring, maintenance and improvement which carry most of the costs and difficulties over time. We introduce a data-driven framework to continuously monitor and maintain deployed time-series forecasting models' performance, to guarantee stable performance of travel products price forecasting models. Under a supervised learning approach, we predict the errors of time-series forecasting models over time, and use this predicted performance measure to achieve both model monitoring and maintenance. We validate the proposed method on a dataset of 18K time-series from flight and hotel prices collected over two years and on two public benchmarks.
Whatever happened to socialization?
Creators: name: Guhin, Jeffrey
name: Calarco, Jessica McCrory
name: Miller-Idriss, Cynthia
Publisher: name: Annual Review of Sociology
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 46
subject: Information and computing sciences
classificationCode: 4605
subject: Data management and data science

description: Socialization is a key mechanism of social reproduction. Yet, like the functionalists who introduced the concept, socialization has fallen out of favor, critiqued for ignoring power and agency, for its teleology and incoherence, and for a misguided link to “culture of poverty” arguments. In this review, we argue for a renewed, postfunctionalist use of socialization. We review the concept's history, its high point under Parsons, the reasons for its demise, its continued use in some subfields (e.g., gender, race and ethnicity, education), and alternative concepts used to explain social reproduction. We then suggest that something is lost when socialization is avoided or isolated in particular subfields. Without socialization, conceptions of social reproduction face problems of history, power, and transferability. We close by outlining a postfunctionalist agenda for socialization research, providing a framework for a new theory of socialization, one that builds off of cognitive science, pragmatism, the study of language, the reinterrogation of values, and the development of ideology in political socialization.
MANAGING FOR THE HEALTH OF IT: TURBULENCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN THE AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
Creators: name: Koerner, Aeric A.H.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Government institutions are responsible for providing services to their citizens. However, these public organizations face great uncertainty in both their internal and external environment that can affect citizen client outcomes. Through a series of empirical tests, this dissertation explores how exogenous and endogenous organizational shocks impact the success of public service delivery and, furthermore, how public managers can buffer and harness shocks to increase organizational performance. First, this dissertation examines how changes in historical nurse turnover rates affects different conceptualizations of performance in Veterans Health Administration Medical Centers. The results of this investigation suggest that disruptions to average turnover rates induce heterogenous effects on a multi-dimensional set of performance indicators. Second, through focusing on the introduction of open-market privatization of government services brought forth by the Veterans Choice Act of 2014, this research unpacks how environmental characteristic can moderate the effects of policy changes. The findings here demonstrate that the performance impact of planned policy shocks can be dependent on features outside of the control of governments and managers. Third, this dissertation investigates how managers can harness resources from policy shocks and boost organizational performance. Specifically, this chapter investigates the interactive effects of human and financial capital by unpacking the case of California probation department performance in the age of Medicaid expansion. This evaluation of the interaction between organizational capacity and external financial resources implies that internal resources can boost the positive effects of policy shocks and generate greater department performance. The combined results of this research offer insights into how and why shocks, both internal and external to an agency, affect organizational performance, and how these shocks can be harnessed and buffered by public managers to improve outcomes for clients.
Emergence of generalized hydrodynamics in the non-local Luttinger model
Creators: name: Moosavi, Per
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the Luttinger model with finite-range interactions as a simple tractable example in 1+1 dimensions to analytically study the emergence of Euler-scale hydrodynamics in a quantum many-body system. This non-local Luttinger model is an exactly solvable quantum field theory somewhere between conformal and Bethe-ansatz integrable models. Applying the recent proposal of generalized hydrodynamics, we show that the model allows for fully explicit yet non-trivial solutions of the resulting Euler-scale hydrodynamic equations. Comparing with exact analytical non-equilibrium results valid at all time and length scales, we show perfect agreement at the Euler scale when the interactions are short range. A formal proof of the emergence of generalized hydrodynamics in the non-local Luttinger model is also given, and effects of long-range interactions are briefly discussed.
description: 16 pages, LaTeX; minor updates; typos corrected; final published version
Functional Inorganic Nanoparticle/Polymer Hybrid Materials: Synthesis, Characterization and Self-assembly Behavior
Creators: name: Zongyu Wang
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: This thesis describes the preparation of ZnO/polymer hybrid and polymer grafted silica particle brushes and explores their properties and applications.
The introductory chapter (Chapter 1) reviews the history and development of ZnO/polymer hybrid synthesis. The synthetic approaches include “grafting from”, “grafting onto” and “polymer templates” methods.
Chapters 2-6 cover the synthesis of polymer capped ZnO nanocrystals by the “ligand exchange” method and their applications. In Chapter 2, the preparation of PSAN capped ZnO nanocrystals from octylamine capped ZnO nanoparticles by the “ligand exchange” method is discussed. The morphologies of the product were tuned by the ratios of ZnO nanoparticle/polymer ligands in the reaction mixture. Chapter 3 shows a detailed characterization of the polymer ligands/surfactants capped ZnO nanocrystals by MALDI-TOF mass spectrum. ZnO-based materials exhibit excellent optical, thermal, photocatalytic and electrical properties. Chapters 4-6 discuss three important properties and applications of the obtained nano-ZnO/polymer composites, which include high refractive index glass fillers, photocatalyst, and high stability ZnO/carbon supercapacitors.
The second part of the thesis (Chapters 7-13) focuses on the study of polymer grafted silica particle brushes. By using surface-initiated atom transfer polymerization, polymer chains were grown from the surfaces of nanoparticles. With covalent bonding, comparing to ZnO/polymer hybrids synthesized by the “ligand exchange” method, the chemistry to synthesize polymer grafted silica particle brush system is more robust and well established. Chapters 7-8 illustrate the synthesis of SiO2-g-PMMA/PS particle brushes by low ppm catalyst ATRP. The effect of initiator and catalyst concentrations on the polymerization was investigated. Chapter 9 describes the synthesis of ultra-high molecular weight SiO2-g-PMMA particle brushes and Chapter 10 presents the mechanical properties of SiO2-g-PMMA/PS particle brushes with different grafting densities. The preparation and phase separation study of SiO2-g-PMMA-b-PS block copolymer particle brushes is included in Chapter 11. Their unique self-assembly behavior is explored. At last, the study of gradient copolymer grafted silica particle brushes are covered in Chapter 12-13. Chapter 12 emphasizes the synthesis of SiO2-g-PBA-grad-PMMA particle brushes by semi-batch copolymerization method, and Chapter 13 highlights their mechanical properties and compositionally sensitive self-healing features.
Two published works with minor relevance to this thesis (polymerization-induced self-assembly of acrylonitrile and organoSiO2-g-PMMA particle brushes synthesis) are included as appendices.
Gendered citation practices in the field of communication
Creators: name: Wang, Xinyi
name: Dworkin, Jonathan
name: Zhou, D.
name: Stiso, Jennifer
name: Falk, Emily B.
name: Bassett, Danielle S.
name: Zurn, Perry
name: Lydon-Staley, David M.
Publisher: name: Routledge
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 47
subject: Language, communication and culture
classificationCode: 4701
subject: Communication and media studies

description: In disciplines outside of communication, papers with women as first and last (i.e. senior) authors attract fewer citations than papers with men in those positions. Using data from 14 communication journals from 1995 to 2018, we find that reference lists include more papers with men as first and last author, and fewer papers with women as first and last author, than would be expected if gender were unrelated to referencing. This imbalance is driven largely by the citation practices of men and is slowly decreasing over time. The structure of men’s co-authorship networks partly accounts for the observed over-citation of men by other men. We discuss ways researchers might approach gendered citations in their work.
Surface Contribution to the Superconducting Properties of MgB2 Single Crystals
Creators: name: Rydh, A.
name: Welp, U.
name: Hiller, J. M.
name: Koshelev, A.
name: Kwok, W. K.
name: Crabtree, G. W.
name: Kim, K. H. P.
name: Jung, C. U.
name: Lee, H. -S.
name: Kang, B.
name: Lee, S. -I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate direct evidence of possible surface superconductivity on small, well-shaped MgB2 single crystals. Transport measurements in the range H < 1.6 Hc2^c, where Hc2^c is the bulk upper critical field for the c axis, show non-Ohmic and strongly angular dependent resistivity. Studies of the alignment of H with selected crystal surfaces, transport and specific heat measurements on the same crystal, and a physical sculpturing of the crystal surfaces using a focused ion beam all support the conclusion. Similar, albeit less pronounced results are obtained for fields in the basal plane.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
MANAGING FOR THE HEALTH OF IT: TURBULENCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN THE AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
Creators: name: Koerner, Aeric A.H.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4407
subject: Policy and administration

description: Government institutions are responsible for providing services to their citizens. However, these public organizations face great uncertainty in both their internal and external environment that can affect citizen client outcomes. Through a series of empirical tests, this dissertation explores how exogenous and endogenous organizational shocks impact the success of public service delivery and, furthermore, how public managers can buffer and harness shocks to increase organizational performance. First, this dissertation examines how changes in historical nurse turnover rates affects different conceptualizations of performance in Veterans Health Administration Medical Centers. The results of this investigation suggest that disruptions to average turnover rates induce heterogenous effects on a multi-dimensional set of performance indicators. Second, through focusing on the introduction of open-market privatization of government services brought forth by the Veterans Choice Act of 2014, this research unpacks how environmental characteristic can moderate the effects of policy changes. The findings here demonstrate that the performance impact of planned policy shocks can be dependent on features outside of the control of governments and managers. Third, this dissertation investigates how managers can harness resources from policy shocks and boost organizational performance. Specifically, this chapter investigates the interactive effects of human and financial capital by unpacking the case of California probation department performance in the age of Medicaid expansion. This evaluation of the interaction between organizational capacity and external financial resources implies that internal resources can boost the positive effects of policy shocks and generate greater department performance. The combined results of this research offer insights into how and why shocks, both internal and external to an agency, affect organizational performance, and how these shocks can be harnessed and buffered by public managers to improve outcomes for clients.
Continuous Experimentation for Automotive Software on the Example of a Heavy Commercial Vehicle in Daily Operation
Creators: name: Giaimo, Federico
name: Berger, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As the automotive industry focuses its attention more and more towards the software functionality of vehicles, techniques to deliver new software value at a fast pace are needed. Continuous Experimentation, a practice coming from the web-based systems world, is one of such techniques. It enables researchers and developers to use real-world data to verify their hypothesis and steer the software evolution based on performances and user preferences, reducing the reliance on simulations and guesswork. Several challenges prevent the verbatim adoption of this practice on automotive cyber-physical systems, e.g., safety concerns and limitations from computational resources; nonetheless, the automotive field is starting to take interest in this technique. This work aims at demonstrating and evaluating a prototypical Continuous Experimentation infrastructure, implemented on a distributed computational system housed in a commercial truck tractor that is used in daily operations by a logistic company on public roads. The system comprises computing units and sensors, and software deployment and data retrieval are only possible remotely via a mobile data connection due to the commercial interests of the logistics company. This study shows that the proposed experimentation process resulted in the development team being able to base software development choices on the real-world data collected during the experimental procedure. Additionally, a set of previously identified design criteria to enable Continuous Experimentation on automotive systems was discussed and their validity confirmed in the light of the presented work.
description: Paper accepted to the 14th European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA 2020). 16 pages, 5 figures
Continuous Experimentation and the Cyber-Physical Systems challenge: An overview of the literature and the industrial perspective
Creators: name: Giaimo, Federico
name: Andrade, Hugo
name: Berger, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Context: New software development patterns are emerging aiming at accelerating the process of delivering value. One is Continuous Experimentation, which allows to systematically deploy and run instrumented software variants during development phase in order to collect data from the field of application. While currently this practice is used on a daily basis on web-based systems, technical difficulties challenge its adoption in fields where computational resources are constrained, e.g., cyber-physical systems and the automotive industry. Objective: This paper aims at providing an overview of the engagement on the Continuous Experimentation practice in the context of cyber-physical systems. %To provide an understanding of what is the state-of-the-art of the Continuous Experimentation practice in the context of cyber-physical systems, and what is the practitioners' feedback about this practice. Method: A systematic literature review has been conducted to investigate the link between the practice and the field of application. Additionally, an industrial multiple case study is reported. Results: The study presents the current state-of-the-art regarding Continuous Experimentation in the field of cyber-physical systems. The current perspective of Continuous Experimentation in industry is also reported. Conclusions: The field has not reached maturity yet. More conceptual analyses are found than solution proposals and the state-of-practice is yet to be achieved. However it is expected that in time an increasing number of solutions will be proposed and validated.
description: Paper published in the Journal of Systems and Software. 42 pages, 2 figures
High-level requirements document
Creators: name: Antrobus, Steven
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: atrial fibrillation
co-morbidities

description: This document outlines the high-level requirements that will serve as the foundation for software architecture designs (D5.5), interactive prototypes (D5.6), and the iABC platform (D5.7). The requirements have been documented and prioritized using the MoSCoW approach. Currently, the specific co-morbidities and details of the digital intervention have not been finalized in this stage of the project.
ARE DEFENDANT CHARACTERISTICS TIPPING THE SCALES OF JUSTICE IN CASES INVOLVING PLEA DEALS? A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Dunn, Katherine M.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4402
subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law

description: The racially disparate treatment of minority offenders throughout the criminal justice system is well-documented and has gained increasingly widespread attention over the last several decades. There is a large body of scholarship which has sought to explore and identify the various sources of discrimination, and much of this research has been focused on outcomes across two stages of the adjudication process: (1) the initial arrest and charging of offenders, and (2) final sentence outcomes. As a result, comparatively less is known about the prevalence of racial and ethnic disparities in the steps leading up to an offender’s conviction. This is particularly troubling considering the vast majority of criminal cases are disposed through guilty pleas, and the plea-bargaining process has been shown to play an essential role in shaping sentence outcomes. The present study seeks to make several contributions to the existing literature and poses the following questions: (1) Does the race/ethnicity of the defendant influence the type of plea deal that attorneys believe they can obtain for their clients? (2) Does the gender of the defendant influence the type of plea deal that attorneys believe they can obtain for their clients? (3) Does the influence of defendant characteristics (i.e., race/ethnicity, gender) vary depending on the type of crime the defendant has been charged with? To answer these questions, a sample of currently practicing public defenders working across the state of Virginia were surveyed using factorial vignettes. Findings offer support for commonly used theories of sentencing such as bounded rationality and the focal concerns framework, and further demonstrate the conditional relationship that exists between a defendant’s race/ethnicity and other factors on the decision-making process. Specifically, the results presented here suggest that the type of plea deals attorneys feel they can obtain for their client is dependent not only upon the race/ethnicity of the defendant, but also their gender and the type of offense they have been charged with. The disparate impact of these effects were found to be strongest when examined across decisions related to incarceration length. The following chapters will provide a thorough review of the literature and then detail the research design and methodology of the present study. A discussion of the results will follow, along with the implications of the findings and suggestions for future research.