cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Diffusion of International Food Safety Standards: Developing Country Experiences
Creators: name: Post, Diahanna L.
name: Post, Diahanna L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: States have regulated public health for centuries by providing public goods such as clean air, water, and food to their citizens. Governments mandate levels of quality in food to prevent poisoning and deception of their people. In the United States, public health regulation has been one of the few areas where the courts have recognized a subjugation of individual rights to the common good, beginning in 1905 in a case which found that the state has a right to vaccinate a child against his parents' wishes (Gostin 2000). Thus the study of public health regulation, and within that food safety and quality, is an important one to understanding the state. Unlike efforts in some areas to de-regulate and/or move from command-and-control to market-based regulatory instruments -- such as the areas of telecommunications and environmental issues --the trend in food safety regulation is increased regulatory attention in countries all around the world. The European Union is in the process of creating a new Food Safety Agency as part of an effort to avoid some of its recent food safety scares. The United States Department of Agriculture is under increasing pressure to conduct more microbiological inspections at food processing plants as well as to obtain statutory authority to recall tainted food, rather than the voluntary process that currently exists. And in countries in Latin America, Africa, and Asia, strengthening food regulatory systems is of deep interest for countries that want to increase their trade in food. Moreover, regional integration organizations and trade agreements such as the European Union, Mercosur, and the Free Trade Area of the Americas all have a component of food standards. This paper asks whether international standards for food safety and quality affect domestic policies, and if so, how. The paper is organized as follows. The first section describes the Codex Alimentarius Commission and its role in international food safety and quality standards. The second section outlines the theoretical model for thinking about diffusion of these standards and the different ways they might influence domestic policies. The next three sections briefly describe how Argentina and the Dominican Republic relate to the Codex Commission, assess the level of influence of international standards in those countries, and outline some factors that contribute to the influence of standards. The paper concludes with some thoughts about the mechanisms by which diffusion of standards occurs.
Reopening Foreign Markets for Farm Products
Creators: name: Wallace, Henry A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1934
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Excerpts: Three paths in foreign trade are open to America. We can go nationalistic, and become highly self-sustaining; we can go internationalistic and try to win back our lost foreign trade; or we can take a course perhaps half-way between. None of these courses is easy, none can be taken heedlessly or spasmodically. Each involves some pain. The question is whether we are willing to suffer a little pain now in order to avoid an infinitely greater pain later on. Because the middle course involves perhaps the least discomfort, I have been inclined to favor that, and to recognize it as our probable choice.
description: Extract from an address by Henry A. Wallace, Secretary of Agriculture, at the American Institute of Cooperation, Madison, Wis., July 11, 1934.
Nuclear Reaction Screening, Weak Interactions, and r-Process Nucleosynthesis in High Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Famiano, Michael
name: Balantekin, A. Baha
name: Kajino, Toshitaka
name: Kusakabe, Motohiko
name: Mori, Kanji
name: Luo, Yudong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coulomb screening and weak interactions in a hot, magnetized plasma are investigated. Coulomb screening is evaluated in a relativistic thermal plasma in which electrons and positrons are in equilibrium. In addition to temperature effects, effects on weak screening from a strong external magnetic field are evaluated. In high fields, the electron transverse momentum components are quantized into Landau levels. The characteristic plasma screening length at high temperatures and at high magnetic fields is explored. In addition to changes to the screening length, changes in weak interaction rates are estimated. It is found that high fields can result in increased $β$-decay rates as the electron and positron spectra are dominated by Landau levels. Finally, the effects studied here are evaluated in a simple r-process model. It is found that relativistic Coulomb screening has a small effect on the final abundance distribution. While changes in weak interaction rates in strong magnetic fields can have an effect on the r-process evolution and abundance distribution, the field strength required to have a significant effect may be larger than what is currently thought to be typical of the r-process environment in collapsar jets or neutron star mergers. If r-process sites exist in fields $\gtrsim 10^{14}$ G effects from fields on weak decays could be significant.
description: 24 pages, 16 figures
Efficient, sub-4-cycle, 1-μm-pumped optical parametric amplifier at 10 μm based on BaGa4S7
Creators: name: Heiner, Zsuzsanna
name: Petrov, Valentin
name: Mero, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a μJ-scale mid-infrared optical parametric amplifier (OPA) based on the recently developed wide-bandgap orthorhombic crystal, BaGa4S7 (BGS), and directly compare its performance to that of LiGaS2 (LGS) in the same OPA setup. The source is based on a single OPA stage amplifying supercontinuum seed pulses with a quantum efficiency of 29{\%} at an idler wavelength of 10 μm, featuring nominally carrier-envelope phase-stable pulses. As a result of pumping the OPA directly at 1 μm, the overall conversion efficiency far exceeds that of traditional schemes based on OPA's followed by difference frequency generation. Chirp compensation using bulk germanium resulted in 126-fs pulses covering the 7.6-11.5-μm spectral range. BGS holds great promise for power scaling due to its availability in larger single-crystal sizes than LGS.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Migration ecology of western gray catbirds
Creators: name: Mancuso, Kristen A.
name: Fylling, Megan A.
name: Bishop, Christine A.
name: Hodges, Karen E.
name: Lancaster, Michael B.
name: Stone, Katharine R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Low-quality geolocator results. Additional file 1 shows an example of low-quality archival light-level geolocator data and the associated geographic assignment locations.
Using Machine Learning to Identify the Most At-Risk Students in Physics Classes
Creators: name: Yang, Jie
name: DeVore, Seth
name: Hewagallage, Dona
name: Miller, Paul
name: Ryan, Qing X.
name: Stewart, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Machine learning algorithms have recently been used to predict students' performance in an introductory physics class. The prediction model classified students as those likely to receive an A or B or students likely to receive a grade of C, D, F or withdraw from the class. Early prediction could better allow the direction of educational interventions and the allocation of educational resources. However, the performance metrics used in that study become unreliable when used to classify whether a student would receive an A, B or C (the ABC outcome) or if they would receive a D, F or withdraw (W) from the class (the DFW outcome) because the outcome is substantially unbalanced with between 10\% to 20\% of the students receiving a D, F, or W. This work presents techniques to adjust the prediction models and alternate model performance metrics more appropriate for unbalanced outcome variables. These techniques were applied to three samples drawn from introductory mechanics classes at two institutions ($N=7184$, $1683$, and $926$). Applying the same methods as the earlier study produced a classifier that was very inaccurate, classifying only 16\% of the DFW cases correctly; tuning the model increased the DFW classification accuracy to 43\%. Using a combination of institutional and in-class data improved DFW accuracy to 53\% by the second week of class. As in the prior study, demographic variables such as gender, underrepresented minority status, first-generation college student status, and low socioeconomic status were not important variables in the final prediction models.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2002.01964
Improving the Critical Thinking Skills of Secondary School.pdf
Creators: name: Lapuz, April Mercy E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130106 Secondary Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: Problem-based learning (PBL) is a pedagogy where students gain knowledge about a subject through solving an illstructured problem. Critical thinking skills (CTS) are the capacity to think about what to do or what to consider by an individual. This study sought to decide if using Problem-based Learning (PBL) improves the critical thinking skills (CTS) of the students in a secondary school in the subject of economics. This research used an experimental design. Twenty-seven (27) students were purposively selected from a secondary school in Zambales, Philippines for the school year 2017-2018. Results proved that there was a significant difference in the test scores before and after the intervention. We found PBL to be effective in improving the critical thinking skills of the students based on the result of the mean analysis, standard deviation, and t-test. The researchers recommend that problem-based learning may improve the level of critical thinking skills of the students and improve the teaching learning process.
Additional file 2 of Migration ecology of western gray catbirds
Creators: name: Mancuso, Kristen A.
name: Fylling, Megan A.
name: Bishop, Christine A.
name: Hodges, Karen E.
name: Lancaster, Michael B.
name: Stone, Katharine R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2 Aerial imagery of stopover and overwintering sites. Shows satellite imagery of stopover and overwintering site locations as determined from GPS tags attached to Gray Catbirds (Dumetella carolinensis).
Additional file 1 of Brief motivational therapy versus enhanced usual care for alcohol use disorders in primary care in Chile: study protocol for an exploratory randomized trial
Creators: name: Barticevic, Nicolas A.
name: Poblete, Fernando
name: Zuzulich, Soledad M.
name: Rodriguez, Victoria
name: Bradshaw, Laura
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Electronic-enthalpy functional for finite systems under pressure
Creators: name: Cococcioni, Matteo
name: Mauri, Francesco
name: Ceder, Gerbrand
name: Marzari, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the notion of electronic enthalpy for first-principles structural and dynamical calculations of finite systems under pressure. An external pressure field is allowed to act directly on the electronic structure of the system studied via the ground-state minimization of the functional $E+PV_{q}$, where $V_{q}$ is the quantum volume enclosed by a charge isosurface. The Hellmann-Feynman theorem applies, and assures that the ionic equations of motion follow an isoenthalpic dynamics. No pressurizing medium is explicitly required, while coatings of environmental ions or ligands can be introduced if chemically relevant. We apply this novel approach to the study of group-IV nanoparticles during a shock wave, highlighting the significant differences inthe plastic or elastic response of the diamond cage under load, and their potential use as novel nanostructured impact-absorbing materials.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
TYPOLOGY OF DICTIONARIES: ON THE EXAMPLE OF DICTIONARIES CREATED WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF GERMAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Creators: name: Zayniddin Sanakulov
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 200407 Lexicography
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: The role of dictionaries in teaching and learning foreign languages is invaluable. Because with their help we will be able to learn what we do not even know independently, and strengthen what we know. For this reason, in recent years, the field of lexicography of linguistics has further developed, which can be seen in the example of created dictionaries. In this article, we analyse this fact on the example of lexicographic works created with the participation of German and Uzbek languages. In it, first of all, the typology of dictionaries is covered on the basis of scientific conclusions of German and Uzbek lexicographers. Then, the existing German-Uzbek dictionaries according to this typology are analysed. At the same time, the achievements in this area, as well as shortcomings, are summarized.
Drobner, Hubertus R.: Bibelindex zu den Werken Gregors von Nyssa
Creators: name: Van Esbroeck, Michel
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 74 (1990): Oriens christianus, Band 74
Time evolution of the classical and quantum mechanical versions of diffusive anharmonic oscillator: an example of Lie algebraic techniques
Creators: name: de Faria, J. G. Peixoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the general solutions for the classical and quantum dynamics of the anharmonic oscillator coupled to a purely diffusive environment. In both cases, these solutions are obtained by the application of the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff (BCH) formulas to expand the evolution operator in an ordered product of exponentials. Moreover, we obtain an expression for the Wigner function in the quantum version of the problem. We observe that the role played by diffusion is to reduce or to attenuate the the characteristic quantum effects yielded by the nonlinearity, as the appearance of coherent superpositions of quantum states (Schrödinger cat states) and revivals.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
Additional file 1 of NutriBrain: protocol for a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial to evaluate the effects of a nutritional product on brain integrity in preterm infants
Creators: name: Hortensius, Lisa M.
name: Hooven, Edith H. Van Den
name: Dudink, Jeroen
name: Tataranno, Maria Luisa
name: Elburg, Ruurd M. Van
name: Benders, Manon J. N. L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Timeline for maximum number of assessments for each infant. Table according to the SPIRIT guidelines that provides an overview of all study assessments for each infant.
Siphocampylus foliosus Grisebach 1874
Creators: name: Salomón, Luciana
name: Nicola, Marcela V.
name: Nomdedeu, Soledad
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asterales
Campanulaceae
Siphocampylus
Siphocampylus foliosus

description: Siphocampylus foliosus Grisebach (1874: 201).
Lectotype (designated here):—[ARGENTINA] Cordoba, in montanis pr. S. Bartolo [February 1871, P. G. Lorentz 121] (GOET 008974!, isolectotypes: CORD 00006338!, W 15316!).
═ Siphocampylus foliosus var. minor Zahlbruckner (1898: 189).
Lectotype (designated here):— ARGENTINA. Prov. Cordoba: al Sud de la Cuesta de Copina, Sierra Achala [28 March 1881] legit Galander s/n (W 1897-0004960!, isolectotypes: CORD 00005198!, CORD 00005199!).
Note: — The Argentinian material collected by Professor P. G. Lorentz and published in Grisebach (1874), which includes the description of S. foliosus, were deposited by the collector at CORD, GOET, and W. As lectotype for S. foliosus, we selected the specimen deposited at GOET since it is likely the original material that Grisebach examined.
We examined original material of S. foliosus var. Minor available at W (W 1897-0004960) and CORD (CORD 00005198, CORD 00005199). We selected the W material as lectotype since this is Zahlbruckner’s primary institution, matches the protologue, and is a well-preserved specimen with numerous flowers and fruits. Assigning isolectotypes was more difficult because there is no collection number and there are two distinct dates listed on the CORD specimens: “ 29 III 1881 ” (CORD 00005198) and “ 28 III 1881 ” (CORD 00005199). Because this latter matches the W specimen, we consider it an isolectotype.
description: Published as part of Salomón, Luciana, Nicola, Marcela V. & Nomdedeu, Soledad, 2017, Lectotypification of Siphocampylus (Campanulaceae) from Argentina, pp. 157-160 in Phytotaxa 317 (2) on page 158, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.317.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/13698641
Resolving the Steep Spectrum Emission in the Central Radio Source in ZwCl 0735.7+7421
Creators: name: Cohen, A. S.
name: Clarke, T. E.
name: Feretti, L.
name: Kassim, N. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has long been know that an extremely steep spectrum radio source lies at the center of ZwCl 0735.7+7421, a galaxy cluster with high X-ray luminosity and a cooling core. In this Letter, we present VLA observations of this radio source at both 1425 and 325 MHz. With a resolution below 21'' (75 kpc) for both 1425 and 325 MHz, we show the morphology of the central source, and find that it is most likely a large (400 kpc) radio galaxy rather than diffuse cluster emission. We estimate a steep spectral index of $α_{325}^{1400} = -1.54$ for the core (although it may be contaminated by lobe emission), while the outer lobes are extremely steep objects, both with $α_{325}^{1400} < -3.1$. We also find evidence for restarted core activity in the form of a set of inner lobes oriented at a somewhat different angle from the outer lobes. A spectral analysis extending the frequency range down to 74 MHz appears to show a turnover at very low frequencies. Comparison of the minimum energy radio pressures with the average thermal pressure surrounding the radio cavities from McNamara et al.(2005) shows that the radio lobes appear to be roughly in pressure balance with the thermal gas.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters; 12 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Low Order Aberrations in Band-Limited Lyot Coronagraphs
Creators: name: Sivaramakrishnan, Anand
name: Soummer, Remi
name: Sivaramakrishnan, Allic V.
name: Lloyd, James P.
name: Oppenheimer, Ben R.
name: Makidon, Russell B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the way Lyot coronagraphs with unapodized entrance pupils respond to small, low order phase aberrations. This study is applicable to ground-based adaptive optics coronagraphs operating at 90% and higher Strehl ratios, as well as to some space-based coronagraphs with intrinsically higher Strehl ratio imaging. We utilize a second order expansion of the monochromatic point-spread function (written as a power spectrum of a power series in the phase aberration over clear aperture) to derive analytical expressions for the response of a `band-limited' Lyot coronagraph (BLC) to small, low order, phase aberrations. The BLC possesses a focal plane mask with an occulting spot whose opacity profile is a spatially band-limited function rather than a hard-edged, opaque disk. The BLC is, to first order, insensitive to tilt and astigmatism. Undersizing the stop in the re-imaged pupil plane (the Lyot plane) following the focal plane mask can alleviate second order effects of astigmatism, at the expense of system throughput and angular resolution. The optimal degree of such undersizing depends on individual instrument designs and goals. Our analytical work engenders physical insight, and complements existing numerical work on this subject. Our methods can be extended to treat the passage of higher order aberrations through band-limited Lyot coronagraphs, by using our polynomial decomposition or an analogous Fourier approach.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; ApJ accepted
Siphocampylus lorentzii E. Wimmer 1931
Creators: name: Salomón, Luciana
name: Nicola, Marcela V.
name: Nomdedeu, Soledad
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asterales
Campanulaceae
Siphocampylus
Siphocampylus lorentzii

description: Siphocampylus lorentzii E. Wimmer (1931: 85).
Lectotype (designated here):— Bolivia australis, lg. K. Fiebrig nº 2463a (B 10 0242583!, isolectotype: B 10 0242582!).
Other original material examined: — Argentinia pr. San Bartolo lg. P.G. Lorentz nº 697 (Herb. Berl.) (B 10 0366429!, F 0BN030240!).
Note:— Two syntypes were cited in the protologue of Siphocampylus lorentzii: ‘ K. Fiebrig nº 2463a ’ and ‘ P. G. Lorentz nº 697 ’. We could not find any material at W, the herbarium where Wimmer worked. However, three specimens corresponding to the two collections were found at B (P. G. Lorentz 697 [B 10 0366429] and Fiebrig nº 2463a [B 10 0242582 and B 10 0242583]). We designate here the specimen B 10 0242583 as lectotype because it is representative of the species, matches with the protologue information, is preserved in good condition, is a complete collection with roots and whole inflorescences, and includes a label with an identification made by Wimmer.
description: Published as part of Salomón, Luciana, Nicola, Marcela V. & Nomdedeu, Soledad, 2017, Lectotypification of Siphocampylus (Campanulaceae) from Argentina, pp. 157-160 in Phytotaxa 317 (2) on page 158, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.317.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/13698641
Risk portofolio management under Zipf analysis based strategies
Creators: name: Bronlet, M. Ausloos Ph.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: A so called Zipf analysis portofolio management technique is introduced in order to comprehend the risk and returns. Two portofoios are built each from a well known financial index. The portofolio management is based on two approaches: one called the "equally weighted portofolio", the other the "confidence parametrized portofolio". A discussion of the (yearly) expected return, variance, Sharpe ratio and $β$ follows. Optimization levels of high returns or low risks are found.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
An excess of damped Lyman alpha galaxies near QSOs
Creators: name: Russell, David M.
name: Ellison, Sara L.
name: Benn, Chris R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a sample of 33 damped Lyman alpha systems (DLAs) discovered in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) whose absorption redshifts (z_abs) are within 6000 km/s of the QSO's systemic redshift (z_sys). Our sample is based on 731 2.5 < z_sys < 4.5 non-broad-absorption-line (non-BAL) QSOs from Data Release 3 (DR3) of the SDSS. We estimate that our search is ~100 % complete for absorbers with N(HI) >= 2e20 cm^-2. The derived number density of DLAs per unit redshift, n(z), within v < 6000 km/s is higher (3.5 sigma significance) by almost a factor of 2 than that of intervening absorbers observed in the SDSS DR3, i.e. there is evidence for an overdensity of galaxies near the QSOs. This provides a physical motivation for excluding DLAs at small velocity separations in surveys of intervening 'field' DLAs. In addition, we find that the overdensity of proximate DLAs is independent of the radio-loudness of the QSO, consistent with the environments of radio-loud and radio-quiet QSOs being similar.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (13 pages, 6 figures)
Additional file 1 of Do routine hospital data accurately record comorbidity in advanced kidney disease populations? A record linkage cohort study
Creators: name: Nimmo, Ailish
name: Steenkamp, Retha
name: Rommel Ravanan
name: Taylor, Dominic
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
Neuroecological Approach for Anthropological Studies in Archaeology
Creators: name: Kalangi Rodrigo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 210102 Archaeological Science
subject: FOS: History and archaeology

description: The contribution of neuroecology to archaeology and anthropology is the information it provides on the selective pressures that have influenced the evolution of cognition and brain structure of the mankind. It will shed a new light to the path of evolutionary studies including behavioral ecology, primate archaeology and cognitive archaeology.
Synthesis and characterization of ruthenium maltolato, sulfoxide, and nitroimidazole complexes as potential anticancer agents
Creators: name: Wu, Adam
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The anticancer properties of Ru sulfoxide and imidazole complexes, including cis-RuCl₂(DMSO)₃(DMSO), trans-RuCl₂(DMSO)₄, and [trans-Ru(Im)(DMSO)Cl₄]⁻ have previously been studied by other groups (DMSO and DMSO = S-bonded and O-bonded dimethylsulfoxide, respectively; Im = imidazole). This thesis work concerns the use of Ru maltolato complexes in this regard; maltol (3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyranone), being a non-toxic, water-soluble food additive, is suitable for biological use. [diagrams not included] Several Ru[sup II] bis(maltolato) and bis(ethylmaltolato) complexes with ancillary monodentate and bidentate sulfoxide ligands (DMSO, TMSO, and BESE) have been synthesized and well characterized, as well as a Ru[sup II] BESE-metronidazole complex, RuCl₂(BESE)(metro)₂ (TMSO = tetramethylenesulfoxide, BESE = 1,2- bis(ethylsulfinyl)ethane, metro = metronidazole). Some Ru[sup III] maltolato complexes have also been synthesized in order to compare their anticancer activities to those of related Ru[sup II] complexes. The Ru complexes were characterized by a variety of spectroscopic techniques, including NMR, UV-vis, IR, and MS; elemental analysis and solution conductivity data were also collected. Cyclic voltammetry was used to determine the reduction potentials of various Ru complexes. X-ray crystallographic structures were determined for cis-Ru(ma)₂(S,R-BESE), trans-RuCl₂(R,R-BESE)(metro)₂, and trans- [Ru(ma)₂(metro)₂](CF₃S0₃) (ma = maltolato). The sulfoxide ligands are exclusively S-bonded as observed in the IR and ¹H NMR spectra, and in the first two X-ray structures. Of the complexes tested, Ru(ma)₃ and Ru(etma)₃ (etma = ethylmaltolato) exhibit the best anticancer activities against human breast cancer cells (MDA435/LCC6) in the in vitro MTT assay (a colorimetric determination of cancer cell viability), in terms of the lowest IC₅₀ values of 150 and 80 μM, respectively, IC₅₀ being the drug concentration that kills 50 % of the cancer cells relative to the control. The Ru[sup II] maltolato-sulfoxide complexes also showed some anticancer activities, with Ru(etma)₂(DMSO)₂ being the most potent (IC₅₀ = 470 μM). The ethylmaltolato complexes are generally more effective than the corresponding maltolato complexes. Further anticancer testing of Ru maltolato complexes is encouraged from these preliminary results.
Quantum-critical scaling properties of the two-dimensional random-singlet state
Creators: name: Liu, Lu
name: Guo, Wenan
name: Sandvik, Anders W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use QMC simulations to study effects of disorder on the $S=1/2$ Heisenberg model with exchange constant $J$ on the square lattice supplemented by multispin interactions $Q$. It was found recently [L. Lu et al., Phys. Rev. X 8, 041040 (2018)] that the ground state of this $J$-$Q$ model with random couplings undergoes a quantum phase transition from the Néel state into a randomness-induced spin-liquid-like state that is a close analogue to the well known random-singlet (RS) state of the random Heisenberg chain. The 2D RS state arises from spinons localized at topological defects. The interacting spinons form a critical state with mean spin-spin correlations decaying with distance $r$ as $r^{-2}$, as in the 1D RS state. The dynamic exponent $z \ge 2$, varying continuously with the model parameters. We here further investigate the properties of the RS state in the $J$-$Q$ model with random $Q$ couplings. We study the temperature dependence of the specific heat and various susceptibilities for large enough systems to reach the thermodynamic limit and also analyze the size dependence of the critical magnetic order parameter and its susceptibility in the ground state. For all these quantities, we find consistency with conventional quantum-critical scaling when the condition implied by the $r^{-2}$ form of the spin correlations is imposed. All quantities can be explained by the same value of the dynamic exponent $z$ at fixed model parameters. We argue that the RS state identified in the $J$-$Q$ model corresponds to a generic renormalization group fixed point that can be reached in many quantum magnets with random couplings, and may already have been observed experimentally.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
Smallholder farming styles and development policy in South Africa: The case of Dzindi Irrigation Scheme
Creators: name: Van Averbeke, W.
name: Mohamed, S.S.
name: Van Averbeke, W.
name: Mohamed, S.S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: Diversity among smallholders farming 1.28ha plots at Dzindi Irrigation Scheme in the Thulamela Local Municipality of Limpopo Province, South Africa is investigated by applying farming style theory. Farming styles refer to specific farming strategies, which are conscious responses of farmers to the prevailing ecological and socio-economic conditions. The specific objectives of the study were to identify and characterize styles of farming in the Dzindi community of smallholders, to provide an understanding of the different styles from a smallholder perspective, and to interpret the meaning of the findings for smallholder development policy. Data collection involved both quantitative and qualitative methods. Three main farming styles were identified, and in each of these farmers employed particular strategies, which were congruent with their farming objectives, and which represent different degrees of exposure to risk evidenced by the crop selection, the amount of land they planted, the service providers they used with specific reference to land preparation, the social networks they maintained, especially with regard to marketing produce, the labour they hired and the farming requisites they purchased and utilized. The findings suggested that the response by farmers in the different styles to contemporary agricultural and related policy aimed at their empowerment and commercialization in unlikely to be uniform, and this is expected to dilute the impact of policy measures in support of specific development trajectories.
Confinement of the Field Angular Momentum
Creators: name: Dzhunushaliev, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the quantum SU(3) gauge theory can be approximately reduced to U(1) gauge theory with broken gauge symmetry and interacting with scalar fields. The scalar fields are some approximation for 2 and 4-points Green's functions of $A^{1, ..., 7}_μ$ gauge potential components. Remaining gauge potential component $A^8_μ$ is the potential for U(1) Abelian gauge theory. It is shown that reduced field equations have a regular solution. The solution presents a quantum bag in which $A^8_μ$ color electromagnetic field is confined. This field produces a field angular momentum which can be equal to $\hbar$. It is supposed that the obtained solution can be considered as a model of glueball with spin $\hbar$. In this model the glueball has an asymmetry. The same asymmetry can have the nucleon that may be measured experimentally.
description: typos corrected
Lyman Alpha Flux Power Spectrum and Its Covariance
Creators: name: Zhan, Hu
name: Dave, Romeel
name: Eisenstein, Daniel
name: Katz, Neal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the flux power spectrum and its covariance using simulated Lyman alpha forests. We find that pseudo-hydro techniques are good approximations of hydrodynamical simulations at high redshift. However, the pseudo-hydro techniques fail at low redshift because they are insufficient for characterizing some components of the low-redshift intergalactic medium, notably the warm-hot intergalactic medium. Hence, to use the low-redshift Lyman alpha flux power spectrum to constrain cosmology, one would need realistic hydrodynamical simulations. By comparing one-dimensional mass statistics with flux statistics, we show that the nonlinear transform between density and flux quenches the fluctuations so that the flux power spectrum is much less sensitive to cosmological parameters than the one-dimensional mass power spectrum. The covariance of the flux power spectrum is nearly Gaussian. As such, the uncertainties of the underlying mass power spectrum could still be large, even though the flux power spectrum can be precisely determined from a small number of lines of sight.
description: 10 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
On the Complexity of Quadratization for Polynomial Differential Equations
Creators: name: Hemery, Mathieu
name: Fages, François
name: Soliman, Sylvain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are a standard formalism used in chemistry and biology to reason about the dynamics of molecular interaction networks. In their interpretation by ordinary differential equations, CRNs provide a Turing-complete model of analog computattion, in the sense that any computable function over the reals can be computed by a finite number of molecular species with a continuous CRN which approximates the result of that function in one of its components in arbitrary precision. The proof of that result is based on a previous result of Bournez et al. on the Turing-completeness of polyno-mial ordinary differential equations with polynomial initial conditions (PIVP). It uses an encoding of real variables by two non-negative variables for concentrations, and a transformation to an equivalent quadratic PIVP (i.e. with degrees at most 2) for restricting ourselves to at most bimolecular reactions. In this paper, we study the theoretical and practical complexities of the quadratic transformation. We show that both problems of minimizing either the number of variables (i.e., molecular species) or the number of monomials (i.e. elementary reactions) in a quadratic transformation of a PIVP are NP-hard. We present an encoding of those problems in MAX-SAT and show the practical complexity of this algorithm on a benchmark of quadratization problems inspired from CRN design problems.
Phase effects from the general neutrino Yukawa matrix on lepton flavor violation
Creators: name: Kanemura, Shinya
name: Matsuda, Koichi
name: Ota, Toshihiko
name: Shindou, Tetsuo
name: Takasugi, Eiichi
name: Tsumura, Koji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine contributions from Majorana phases to lepton flavor violating processes in the framework of the minimal supersymmetric standard model with heavy right-handed neutrinos. All phases in the complex neutrino Yukawa matrix are taken into account in our study. We find that in the scenario with universal soft-breaking terms sizable phase effects can appear on the lepton flavor violating processes such as $μ\to e γ$, $τ\to e γ$, and $τ\to μγ$. In particular, the branching ratio of $μ\to e γ$ can be considerably enhanced due to the Majorana phases, so that it can be much greater than that of $τ\to μγ$.
description: 14 pages, 4 eps figures, revtex4
Giant planet formation models with a self-consistent treatment of the heavy elements
Creators: name: Valletta, Claudio
name: Helled, Ravit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new numerical framework to model the formation and evolution of giant planets. The code is based on the further development of the stellar evolution toolkit Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA). The model includes the dissolution of the accreted planetesimals/pebbles, which are assumed to be made of water ice, in the planetary gaseous envelope, and the effect of envelope enrichment on the planetary growth and internal structure is computed self-consistently. We apply our simulations to Jupiter and investigate the impact of different heavy-element and gas accretion rates on its formation history. We show that the assumed runaway gas accretion rate significantly affect the planetary radius and luminosity. It is confirmed that heavy-element enrichment leads to shorter formation timescales due to more efficient gas accretion. We find that with heavy-element enrichment Jupiter's formation timescale is compatible with typical disks' lifetimes even when assuming a low heavy-element accretion rate (oligarchic regime). Finally, we provide an approximation for the heavy-element profile in the innermost part of the planet, providing a link between the internal structure and the planetary growth history.
description: 30 pages, 16 figures
Monte Carlo simulation of the Sivers effect in high-energy proton-proton collisions
Creators: name: Bianconi, Andrea
name: Radici, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Monte Carlo simulations of the Sivers effect in the polarized Drell-Yan $pp^\uparrow \to μ^+ μ^- X$ process at the center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV reachable at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) of BNL. We use two different parametrizations for the Sivers function, one deduced from the analysis of Semi-Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) data at much lower energies, and another one constrained by the RHIC data for the $pp^\uparrow \to πX$ process at the same energy. For a given luminosity of $10^{32}$ cm$^{-2}$ sec$^{-1}$, we explore the necessary conditions to reach a statistical accuracy that allows to extract unambiguous information on the structure of the Sivers function. In particular, we consider the feasibility of the test on its predicted universality property of changing sign when switching from SIDIS to Drell-Yan processes.
description: 17 pages in RevTeX; 7 figures in eps format; improved text, added reference
Testing for weak-form efficiency in South African futures market for wheat and sunflower seeds
Creators: name: Phukubje, M.P.
name: Moholwa, Motlatjo B.
name: Phukubje, M.P.
name: Moholwa, Motlatjo B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Industrial Organization

description: The deregulation of agricultural markets in South Africa led to the establishment of a futures market for agricultural products, which was opened in January 1995. Commodity futures markets should be efficient to play most effective role in price risk management. This paper tests for weak-form efficiency in the South African Future markets for wheat and sunflower seeds by examining the predictability of daily futures price changes. The results suggest that futures price changes for both wheat and sunflower seeds are partially predictable from past price information. The implication is that past price information does contain additional information that could be used to forecast the future price once the current future price is known. But when taking into account the brokerage costs and the time value of money, out-of-sample predictive performance of the model indicates that trading decisions based on the direction of predicted futures price changes do not lead to profitable trades for either crop. Hence, the evidence suggests that there is no strong support for weak-form inefficiency in South African futures markets for wheat and sunflower seeds. The results further suggest that there is no trend in market efficiency over time for wheat and sunflower seeds, except for the wheat December contract.
Additional file 1 of Protective reactions of ICU nurses providing care for patients with COVID-19: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Moradi, Yaser
name: Baghaei, Rahim
name: Hosseingholipour, Keyvan
name: Mollazadeh, Farzin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1:. Interview Guide.
Global divergence of microbial genome sequences mediated by propagating fronts
Creators: name: Vetsigian, Kalin
name: Goldenfeld, Nigel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We model the competition between recombination and point mutation in microbial genomes, and present evidence for two distinct phases, one uniform, the other genetically diverse. Depending on the specifics of homologous recombination, we find that global sequence divergence can be mediated by fronts propagating along the genome, whose characteristic signature on genome structure is elucidated, and apparently observed in closely-related {\it Bacillus} strains. Front propagation provides an emergent, generic mechanism for microbial "speciation", and suggests a classification of microorganisms on the basis of their propensity to support propagating fronts.
Quantum dense coding scheme via cavity decay
Creators: name: Xue, Zheng-Yuan
name: Yi, You-Min
name: Cao, Zhuo-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a secure scheme for implementing quantum dense coding via cavity decay and liner optics devices. Our scheme combines two distinct advantages: atomic qubit sevres as stationary bit and photonic qubit as flying bit, thus it is suitable for long distant quantum communication.
description: 5 pages, 2 figure. A revised version, accept for publication in Journal of Modern Optcs
3-CO Interview Series with John Vos (Biomass Technology Group) on the impact of consumer choices on the EU bio-economy and the importance of social innovation
Creators: name: Schwarzenberger, Anke
name: Banduka, Dušica
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: social innovation
bioeconomy
biobased
certification
consumer choices
innovation

description: The 3-CO interview series features consortium and external-advisory-board members of the 3-CO project.

This episode features John Vos (Biomass Technology Group) who will discuss the impact of consumer choices on the EU bio-economy and the importance of social innovation to establish bio-based solutions. 

Consumers play an essential role in the successful transition to a circular bio-based economy. To make informed and conscious buying decisions, consumers rely on labels and certification schemes (LCS).

The 3-CO project will support consumers’ purchasing decisions towards more sustainable solutions by improving the communication of LCS on a Business-to-Consumers (B2C) level. To unlock the full potential of the bioeconomy and industrial bio-based products (BBPs) 3-CO will establish a supportive framework and develop actionable guidelines for LCS owners that reflect consumers’ and other stakeholders’ needs.

Meanwhile intense consumer involvement and digital tools will demonstrate their viability.
Corpus Nazianzenum 1: Versiones orientales, repertorium ibericum et studia ad editiones curandas
Creators: name: Van Esbroeck, Michel
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 74 (1990): Oriens christianus, Band 74
Attitudes and acceptance of South African urban consumers towards genetically modified white maize
Creators: name: Vermeulen, Hester
name: Kirsten, Johann F.
name: Doyer, Ockert T.
name: Schonfeldt, H.C.
name: Vermeulen, Hester
name: Kirsten, Johann F.
name: Doyer, Ockert T.
name: Schonfeldt, H.C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: The introduction of genetically modified (GM) food products to food markets around the world, has led to considerable controversy. In many cases consumer attitudes and perceptions of GM food products were revealed as fears, concern for, and avoidance of the new technology. The importance of GM foods in South Africa is increasing, even though the GM Food debate lags behind many other (often more developed) parts of the world. This paper investigates the knowledge, attitudes and acceptance of urban South African white-grain maize consumers regarding GM maize. Conjoint- and cluster analysis were used to develop clusters/market segments among the urban consumers of white maize. A range of additional questions was used to develop profiles of the identified market segments. These aspects covered demographics, GM knowledge aspects as well as GM attitude aspects. Four distinct clusters/market segments were identified with specific characteristics: "Anti-GM, Brand aware" cluster (35% of valid responses), "Brand unaware, Farmer sympathetic" cluster (20%), "GM consumer benefit, Brand aware" cluster (25%) and the "Brand aware, Pro-GM" cluster (20%). The most significant differences between the clusters were based on the consumers' attitudes towards GM food products.