cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Term Structure Transmission of Monetary Policy
Creators: name: Kozicki, Sharon
name: Tinsley, P.A.
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2007

description: Under bond-rate transmission of monetary policy, the authors show that a generalized Taylor Principle applies, in which the average anticipated path of policy responses to inflation is subject to a lower bound of unity. This result helps explain how bond rates may exhibit stable responses to inflation, even in periods of passive policy. Another possible explanation is time-varying term premiums with risk pricing that depends on inflation. The authors present a no-arbitrage model of the term structure with horizon-dependent policy perceptions and time-varying term premiums to illustrate the mechanics and provide empirical results that support these transmission channels.
description: Les auteurs montrent que, si les taux obligataires forment le canal de transmission de la politique monétaire, l’application du principe de Taylor est généralisable. Le nouveau principe exige que la moyenne des réactions du taux directeur à l’inflation soit perçue comme étant au moins égale à un. Ce résultat permet d’expliquer comment la réaction des taux obligataires à l’évolution de l’inflation peut se révéler stable même lorsque la politique monétaire est passive. Une autre explication possible est que les primes de terme varient dans le temps en fonction de l’inflation. Pour illustrer les mécanismes en jeu et obtenir des résultats empiriques à l’appui des deux canaux de transmission avancés, les auteurs présentent un modèle de structure des taux sans arbitrage où les perceptions de la politique monétaire dépendent d’un horizon temporel et où les primes de terme fluctuent avec le temps.
MOESM1 of Regulation of microglial TMEM119 and P2RY12 immunoreactivity in multiple sclerosis white and grey matter lesions is dependent on their inflammatory environment
Creators: name: Wageningen, Thecla Van
name: Vlaar, Eva
name: Kooij, Gijs
name: Jongenelen, Cornelis
name: Geurts, Jeroen
name: Dam, Anne-Marie Van
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Figures S1-S3.
Stabilizing the global climate: A simple and robust benefit cost analysis
Creators: name: Quiggin, John
name: Quiggin, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Carbon pricing
subject: climate change policy

description: Most models of optimal climate change policy are complex and opaque. In this paper, it is argued that the convexity of climate damage and mitigation cost function provides a basis for the derivation of simple and robust estimates of optimal stabilization targets and carbon prices. For all but a few extreme assumptions, the optimal carbon price is between $40 and $75. Similarly, for a wide range of parameter values the optimal target is between 425 ppm and 475 ppm. In all simulations, the total cost of mitigation is below 5 per cent of income, and in most cases substantially below.
Lyman Break Galaxies at Redshift z~3: Survey Description and Full Data Set
Creators: name: Steidel, C. C.
name: Adelberger, K. L.
name: Shapley, A. E.
name: Pettini, M.
name: Dickinson, M.
name: Giavalisco, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the basic data for a large ground-based spectroscopic survey for z~3 ``Lyman break galaxies'' (LBGs), photometrically selected using rest-UV colors from very deep images in 17 high Galactic latitude fields. The total survey covers an area of 0.38 square degrees, and includes 2347 photometrically-selected candidate LBGs to an apparent R_{AB} magnitude limit of 25.5. Approximately half of these objects have been observed spectroscopically using the Keck telescopes, yielding 940 redshifts with =2.96 +/- 0.29. We discuss the images, photometry, target selection, and the spectroscopic program in some detail, and present catalogs of the photometric and spectroscopic data, made available in electronic form. We discuss the general utility of conducting nearly-volume-limited redshift surveys in prescribed redshift intervals using judicious application of photometric pre-selection.
description: To appear in ApJ, August 2003. 48 pages, 12 figures. Full data tables and images/photometry available at ftp://ftp.astro.caltech.edu/pub/ccs/lbgsurvey
Additional file 3 of Online respondent-driven detection for enhanced contact tracing of close-contact infectious diseases: benefits and barriers for public health practice
Creators: name: Helms, Yannick B.
name: Hamdiui, Nora
name: Eilers, Renske
name: Hoebe, Christian
name: Dukers-Muijrers, Nicole
name: Van Den Kerkhof, Hans
name: Timen, Aura
name: Stein, Mart L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Quantitative results.
U.S. Cotton Distribution Patterns,1980-81
Creators: name: Glade, Edward H.
name: Johnson, Mae Dean
name: Glade, Edward H.
name: Johnson, Mae Dean
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Cotton transportation
subject: regional patterns
subject: distribution

description: Expanding U.S. cotton exports and declining domestic demand reduced domestic mill shipments from 68 percent of all shipments in 1970/71 to 45 percent in 1980/81. Trucks, recently replacing rail as the primary cotton transporter, moved 53 percent of the shipments in 1975/76, but 69 percent in 1980/81. Results of an industrywide survey to determine the origins, destinations, and volumes of cotton shipped to alternative domestic outlets and export points during 1980/81 are presented, with data by State, region, and for the Nation, by mode of transportation. Results are also compared with similar surveys of the 1970 and 1975 crop years.
System Evaluation of the Intel Optane Byte-addressable NVM
Creators: name: Peng, Ivy B.
name: Gokhale, Maya B.
name: Green, Eric W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Byte-addressable non-volatile memory (NVM) features high density, DRAM comparable performance, and persistence. These characteristics position NVM as a promising new tier in the memory hierarchy. Nevertheless, NVM has asymmetric read and write performance, and considerably higher write energy than DRAM. Our work provides an in-depth evaluation of the first commercially available byte-addressable NVM -- the Intel Optane DC persistent memory. The first part of our study quantifies the latency, bandwidth, power efficiency, and energy consumption under eight memory configurations. We also evaluate the real impact on in-memory graph processing workloads. Our results show that augmenting NVM with DRAM is essential, and the combination can effectively bridge the performance gap and provide reasonable performance with higher capacity. We also identify NUMA-related performance characteristics for accesses to memory on a remote socket. In the second part, we employ two fine-grained allocation policies to control traffic distribution between DRAM and NVM. Our results show that bandwidth spilling between DRAM and NVM could provide 2.0x bandwidth and enable $20\%$ larger problems than using DRAM as a cache. Also, write isolation between DRAM and NVM could save up to 3.9x energy and improves bandwidth by 3.1x compared to DRAM-cached NVM. We establish a roofline model to explore power and energy efficiency at various distributions of read-only traffic. Our results show that NVM requires 1.8x lower power than DRAM for data-intensive workloads. Overall, applications can significantly optimize performance and power efficiency by adapting traffic distribution to NVM and DRAM through memory configurations and fine-grained policies to fully exploit the new memory device.
Simplicity of the reduced C-*-algebras of certain Coxeter groups
Creators: name: Fendler, Gero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 43A65; 46L99, 22D25, 20F55

description: Let (G,S) be a finitely generated Coxeter group, such that the Coxeter system is indecomposable and the canonical bilinear form is indefinite but non-degenerate. We show that the reduced C-*-algebra of G is simple with unique normalised trace. For an arbitrary finitely generated Coxeter group we prove the validity of a Haagerup inequality: There exist constants C>0 and a natural number L such that for a function f in l^2(G) supported on elements of length n with respect to the generating set S: || f * h || <= C(n+1)^{3/2 L} || f || || h ||, forall h in l^2(G).
description: 15 pages, LaTeX
Detecting total hip replacement prosthesis design on preoperative radiographs using deep convolutional neural network
Creators: name: Borjali, Alireza
name: Chen, Antonia F.
name: Muratoglu, Orhun K.
name: Morid, Mohammad A.
name: Varadarajan, Kartik M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Identifying the design of a failed implant is a key step in preoperative planning of revision total joint arthroplasty. Manual identification of the implant design from radiographic images is time consuming and prone to error. Failure to identify the implant design preoperatively can lead to increased operating room time, more complex surgery, increased blood loss, increased bone loss, increased recovery time, and overall increased healthcare costs. In this study, we present a novel, fully automatic and interpretable approach to identify the design of total hip replacement (THR) implants from plain radiographs using deep convolutional neural network (CNN). CNN achieved 100% accuracy in identification of three commonly used THR implant designs. Such CNN can be used to automatically identify the design of a failed THR implant preoperatively in just a few seconds, saving time and improving the identification accuracy. This can potentially improve patient outcomes, free practitioners time, and reduce healthcare costs.
MOESM1 of Antimutagenic components in Spatholobus suberectus Dunn against N-methyl-N-nitrosourea
Creators: name: Inami, Keiko
name: Asada, Yoshihisa
name: Harada, Takumi
name: Okayama, Yuta
name: Usui, Noriko
name: Mochizuki, Masataka
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1: Antimutagenic components in Spatholobus suberectus Dunn against N-methyl-N-nitrosourea.
title: Computing Optimal Policy in a Timeless-Perspective: An Application to a Small-Open Economy
Creators: name: Juillard, Michel
name: Pelgrin, Florian
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2007

description: Since the contribution of Kydland and Prescott (1977), it is well known that the optimal Ramsey policy is time inconsistent. In a series of recent contributions, Woodford (2003) proposes a new methodology to circumvent this problem, namely the timeless perspective solution. However, one main limitation is that it is not yet empirically implementable. In this paper, we develop a new methodology to compute initial values of the Lagrange multipliers in order to implement the timeless-perspective solution. In so doing, we also provide a generalization of the Ramsey and timeless-perspective problems. We apply our results to a small-open economy model in Canada.
description: Depuis la contribution séminale de Kydland et Prescott (1977), il est établi que la politique optimale au sens de Ramsey n'est pas cohérente temporellement. Pour solutionner la difficulté, Woodford (2003) propose de déterminer la politique optimale dans une perspective ahistorique. Cependant, une limite importante est que cette solution demeure difficile à appliquer. Les auteurs élaborent une nouvelle méthodologie permettant de calculer le vecteur initial des multiplicateurs de Lagrange afin de mettre en oeuvre la solution préconisée par Woodford. Ce faisant, ils présentent une généralisation du problème de Ramsey et de la « solution ahistorique ». Les auteurs appliquent leur méthode à un modèle de petite économie ouverte se prêtant à l'étude de l'économie canadienne.
Josephson nanocircuit in the presence of linear quantum noise
Creators: name: Paladino, E.
name: Taddei, F.
name: Giaquinta, G.
name: Falci, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the effective hamiltonian for a charge-Josephson qubit in a circuit with no use of phenomenological arguments, showing how energy renormalizations induced by the environment appear with no need of phenomenological counterterms. This analysis may be important for multiqubit systems and geometric quantum computation.
description: Proceedings of LT23, to appear in Physica E
Discovery of novel arylamide derivatives containing piperazine moiety as inhibitors of tubulin polymerisation with potent liver cancer inhibitory activity
Creators: name: Shi, Xiao-Yi
name: Jiao, Huang
name: Zhang, Jia-Kai
name: Tian, Xin-Yi
name: Guo, Dan-Feng
name: Gao, Jie
name: Jia, Mei-Qi
name: Song, Jian
name: Zhang, Sai-Yang
name: Fu, Xiang-Jing
name: Tang, Hong-Wei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: In this work, a series of novel arylamide derivatives containing piperazine moiety were designed and synthesised as tubulin polymerisation inhibitors. Among 25 target compounds, compound 16f (MY-1121) exhibited low nanomolar IC50 values ranging from 0.089 to 0.238 μM against nine human cancer cells. Its inhibitory effects on liver cancer cells were particularly evident with IC50 values of 89.42 and 91.62 nM for SMMC-7721 and HuH-7 cells, respectively. Further mechanism studies demonstrated that compound 16f (MY-1121) could bind to the colchicine binding site of β-tubulin and directly act on β-tubulin, thus inhibiting tubulin polymerisation. Additionally, compound 16f (MY-1121) could inhibit colony forming ability, cause morphological changes, block cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase, induce cell apoptosis, and regulate the expression of cell cycle and cell apoptosis related proteins in liver cancer cells. Overall, the promising bioactivities of compound 16f (MY-1121) make the novel arylamide derivatives have the value for further development as tubulin polymerisation inhibitors with potent anticancer activities.
Mathematical Modeling of Vaporization during Laser-Induced Thermotherapy in Liver Tissue
Creators: name: Blauth, Sebastian
name: Hübner, Frank
name: Leithäuser, Christian
name: Siedow, Norbert
name: Vogl, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive method causing tumor destruction due to heat ablation and coagulative effects. Computer simulations can play an important role to assist physicians with the planning and monitoring of the treatment. Our recent study with ex-vivo porcine livers has shown that the vaporization of the water in the tissue must be taken into account when modeling LITT. We extend the model used for simulating LITT to account for vaporization using two different approaches. Results obtained with these new models are then compared with the measurements from the original study.
Brightest Solar Flare Neutrino Astronomy in SK, HK and Icecube
Creators: name: M. Khlopov
name: D. Fargion
name: P. Oliva
name: P.G. De Sanctis Lucentini
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Neutrino Astrophysical Models

description: Parallel Flash Talk at the
 "XIX International Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes"
 on line - 18-26 February, 2021
Melitaea phoebe subsp. ogygia Fruhstorfer 1908
Creators: name: Russell, P. J. C.
name: Bartolozzi, L.
name: Hawkins, R. L.
name: Tennent, W. J.
name: Léger, T.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Nymphalidae
Melitaea
Melitaea phoebe
Melitaea phoebe ogygia postogygia verity, 1938

description: Melitaea phoebe ogygia postogygia Verity, 1938
[TL: uncertain - three syntypes from two different localities in Greece: Salonica (= Thessalonica), Macedonia @ 1000 ft. (= circa 300 m) and Olympus, bordering Thessaly/Macedonia @ 2500 ft. (= circa 750 m)]. Although the name postogygia has no formal nomenclatural standing as part of a quadrinomial, it is considered here because of its association with the names ogygia and nigrogygia, which are associated with M. ornata (cf above, and RUSSELL & BARTOLOZZI, 2019). Verity’s description (1938: (16)) indicated that the name was proposed for a second generation of “ M. phoebe ogygia ”. This is unusual: M. ornata is generally univoltine (RUSSELL & PATEMAN, 2011), although second generations occur when rearing the species in the U.K., if the larvae are exposed to very wet conditions (RUSSELL & PATEMAN, 2013).
Examination of the photographs of the three syntypes and their associated labels revealed that the two syntypic males from Salonica, taken 12 and 13 August 1936 are almost certainly M. ornata (Figs 16a, b, c); whereas a female from Olympus taken on “Aug[ust]. 17, 1935”, is M. phoebe (Figs 17a, b & c). All three specimens were captured by Romei. These identifications, admittedly based only on antenna and wing morphology, were agreed by John Coutsis and Jim Pateman. (See Acknowledgements). The designation of a lectotype in this case is not relevant because the name postogygia is part of a quadrinomial (infrasubspecific) and thus not nomenclaturally significant.
description: Published as part of Russell, P. J. C., Bartolozzi, L., Hawkins, R. L., Tennent, W. J. & Léger, T., 2020, Designation of lectotypes for some Spanish and other western European Melitaea taxa, some with mixed syntypic series of M. phoebe ([Denis & amp; Schiffermüller], 1775) and M. ornata Christoph, 1893 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), pp. 449-472 in SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología 48 (191) on page 456, DOI: 10.57065/shilap.369
title: Oil Price Movements and the Global Economy: A Model-Based Assessment
Creators: name: Elekdag, Selim
name: Lalonde, René
name: Laxton, Douglas
name: Muir, Dirk
name: Pesenti, Paolo
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2007

description: We develop a five-region version (Canada, an oil exporter, the United States, emerging Asia and Japan plus the euro area) of the Global Economy Model (GEM) encompassing production and trade of crude oil, and use it to study the international transmission mechanism of shocks that drive oil prices. In the presence of real adjustment costs that reduce the short- and medium-term responses of oil supply and demand, our simulations can account for large endogenous variations of oil prices with large effects on the terms of trade of oil-exporting versus oil-importing countries (in particular, emerging Asia), and result in significant wealth transfers between regions. This is especially true when we consider a sustained increase in productivity growth or a shift in production technology towards more capital- (and hence oil-) intensive goods in regions such as emerging Asia. In addition, we study the implications of higher taxes on gasoline that are used to reduce taxes on labor income, showing that such a policy could increase world productive capacity while being consistent with a reduction in oil consumption.
description: Les auteurs élaborent une version de GEM (Global Economy Model) qui inclut cinq régions (le Canada, les autres pays exportateurs de pétrole, les États-Unis, les économies émergentes d'Asie, et le Japon plus la zone euro) et au sein duquel ils modélisent la production et les échanges de pétrole brut. Ils utilisent ce modèle pour analyser les mécanismes de transmission internationaux des chocs se répercutant sur le prix du pétrole. En présence de rigidités réelles qui contribuent à réduire, à court et moyen terme, la réaction de l'offre et de la demande de pétrole, les simulations présentées dans l'étude montrent que le modèle peut générer de façon endogène de larges variations du prix du pétrole ayant des effets importants sur les termes de l'échange des régions exportatrices de pétrole par rapport aux régions importatrices (dont les économies émergentes d'Asie). Ces fortes variations des termes de l'échange génèrent des transferts de richesse appréciables entre les régions. Les auteurs observent ce résultat en particulier lorsqu'ils simulent une augmentation durable du rythme de croissance de la productivité ou une hausse de l'intensité capitalistique (et donc pétrolière) du processus de production dans des régions comme celle regroupant les économies émergentes d'Asie. Les auteurs étudient aussi les implications d'une majoration de la taxe sur l'essence qui permet de réduire les impôts sur le revenu du travail. Ils démontrent qu'une telle mesure peut entraîner un accroissement des capacités de production dans le monde tout en favorisant une baisse de la consommation de pétrole.
MOESM1 of Recommendations to conduct and report systematic reviews in medical literature: a scoping review
Creators: name: Penedones, Ana
name: Alves, Carlos
name: Batel-Marques, Francisco
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: List of references from included and excluded studies.
Consumer Perceptions of Sustainable Farming Practices: A Best-Worst Scenario
Creators: name: Sackett, Hillary M.
name: Shupp, Robert
name: Tonsor, Glynn
name: Sackett, Hillary M.
name: Shupp, Robert
name: Tonsor, Glynn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: best-worst
subject: consumer perceptions
subject: sustainably produced food

description: Building on existing work evaluating food-attribute labels, we use data collected in 2010 from a national web-based survey of 1,002 households to examine consumer inferences and valuations of food products promoted as “sustainably produced.” A best-worst scale framework was implemented to identify how consumers define “sustainably produced” and their preferences for each of the sustainable farming practices considered. The results suggest that consumers perceive farm size and local production as important elements of sustainable agriculture while economic attributes exhibit a significant amount of heterogeneity, indicating segmentation in the sample and the potential for targeted marketing.
The Role of Empirical Research in the Study of Complex Forms of Governance in Agroindustrial Systems
Creators: name: Monteiro, Guilherme Fowler A.
name: Saes, Maria Sylvia Macchione
name: Caleman, Silvia Morales De Queiroz
name: Zylbersztajn, Décio
name: Monteiro, Guilherme Fowler A.
name: Saes, Maria Sylvia Macchione
name: Caleman, Silvia Morales De Queiroz
name: Zylbersztajn, Décio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: complex forms
subject: empirical research
subject: market structure
subject: contracts
subject: non-measurable attributes

description: The growing complexity of supply chains poses new challenges for Agricultural Research Centers and statistical agencies. The aim of this perspective paper is to discuss the role of empirical research in understanding the complex forms of governance in agribusiness. The authors argue that there are three fundamental levels of analysis: (i) the basic structure of the market, (ii) the formal contractual arrangements that govern relations within the agroindustrial system and (iii) the transactional dimensions governed by non-contractual means. The case of the agrochemical industry in Brazil illustrates how traditional analyses that only address market structure are insufficient to fully explain the agricultural sector and its supply chain. The article concludes by suggesting some indicators which could be collected by statistical agencies to improve understanding of the complex relationships among agribusiness segments. In doing so, the paper seeks to minimize costs and to enable a better formulation of public and private policies.
title: Gold Prices and Inflation
Creators: name: Tkacz, Greg
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2007

description: Using data for 14 countries over the 1994 to 2005 period, we assess the leading indicator properties of gold at horizons ranging from 6 to 24 months. We find that gold contains significant information for future inflation for several countries, especially for those that have adopted formal inflation targets. This finding may arise from the manner in which inflation expectations are formed in these countries, which may result in more rapidly mean-reverting inflation rates. Compared to other inflation indicators for Canada, gold remains statistically significant when combined with variables such as the output gap or the growth rate of a broad monetary aggregate.
description: À l’aide de données portant sur 14 pays et couvrant la période 1994-2005, l’auteur évalue les propriétés du prix de l’or comme indicateur avancé à des horizons allant de 6 à 24 mois. Il constate que le prix observé de l’or contient de l’information utile sur l’évolution future de l’inflation dans plusieurs pays, en particulier là où des cibles d’inflation explicites ont été adoptées. Ce résultat pourrait être lié au mode de formation des attentes d’inflation dans ces pays, lequel pourrait faire revenir plus rapidement le taux d’inflation à la moyenne. Lorsqu’il est comparé à d’autres indicateurs de l’inflation au Canada, le prix de l’or reste statistiquement significatif même s’il est accompagné de variables telles que l’écart de production ou le taux de croissance d’un agrégat monétaire au sens large.
title: Cross-Country Estimates of the Degree of Fiscal Dominance and Central Bank Independence
Creators: name: de Resende, Carlos
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2007

description: This paper studies the interdependence between fiscal and monetary policies, and their joint role in the determination of the price level. The government is characterized by a long-run fiscal policy rule whereby a given fraction of the outstanding debt, say δ, is backed by the present discounted value of current and future primary surpluses. The remaining debt is backed by seigniorage revenue. The parameter δ characterizes the interdependence between fiscal and monetary authorities. It is shown that in a standard monetary economy, this policy rule implies that the price level depends not only on the money stock, but also on the proportion of debt that is backed with money. Empirical estimates of δ are obtained for OECD and developing countries using data on nominal consumption, monetary base, and debt. Results indicate differences in the degree of fiscal dominance between developed and developing economies. Estimates of δ correlate positively with some institutional measures of de facto central bank independence.
description: L'auteur étudie l'interdépendance des politiques budgétaire et monétaire ainsi que leur rôle combiné dans la détermination du niveau des prix. L'État est caractérisé par une règle de politique budgétaire à long terme selon laquelle une fraction du service de la dette – δ – est garantie par la valeur actualisée des excédents primaires présents et futurs, et la fraction restante – 1- δ – par les revenus de seigneuriage. Le paramètre mesure l'interdépendance des autorités budgétaire et monétaire. L'auteur montre que, dans une économie monétaire, la règle en question implique que le niveau des prix est fonction non seulement du stock de monnaie mais aussi de la part des emprunts garantie par la création de monnaie. À l'aide des données sur la consommation nominale, la base monétaire et la dette, l'auteur estime empiriquement le paramètre δ pour les membres de l'OCDE et les pays en voie de développement. D'après ses résultats, les deux groupes d'économies se différencient par leur degré de prépondérance budgétaire. Les estimations de δ sont corrélées positivement avec certaines mesures institutionnelles de l'indépendance effective des banques centrales.
Radio Imaging of GRB Jets in Nearby Supernovae
Creators: name: Granot, Jonathan
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the time evolution of the flux, apparent size, and image centroid motion of gamma-ray burst (GRB) radio jets, and show that they can be resolved by the VLBA at distances of hundreds of Mpc. We find that GRB 030329 which showed spectroscopic evidence for an associated Type Ic supernova (SN) at a distance of $\approx$ 800 Mpc might just be resolvable by VLBA after several months. The prospects are much better for jets that are oriented sideways in similar SNe with no GRB counterpart; in particular, the motion of the flux centroid in such jets can be detected by VLBA up to $z\sim 1$ even when the jet cannot be resolved. If most GRBs are accompanied by a Type Ib/c SN, then there should be a few SN/GRB jets per year within a distance $\lesssim$ 200 Mpc, and most of them would be oriented sideways with no gamma-ray or X-ray precursor. Detection of these jets can be used to calibrate the fraction of all core collapse SNe that produce relativistic outflows and determine the local GRB rate. Overall, the rate of Type Ib/c SNe that do not produce a GRB at all, but rather make relativistic radio jets with an initial Lorentz factor of a few, may be larger by up to 2 orders of magnitude than the rate of those that produce GRBs.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; minor changes to match version published in ApJL
Additional file 1 of Recovery of physical function in lung transplant recipients with sarcopenia
Creators: name: Etsuhiro Nikkuni
name: Hirama, Takashi
name: Hayasaka, Kazuki
name: Kumata, Sakiko
name: Kotan, Shinichi
name: Watanabe, Yui
name: Oishi, Hisashi
name: Niikawa, Hiromichi
name: Kohzuki, Masahiro
name: Okada, Yoshinori
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. The trend in the hand-grip strength (kg) and 6-minute walk distance (m) shown by months after transplant.
Inductive acceleration of ions in Poynting-flux dominated outflows
Creators: name: Kirk, John G.
name: Giacinti, Gwenael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-fluid (electron-positron) plasma modelling has shown that inductive acceleration can convert Poynting flux directly into bulk kinetic energy in the relativistic flows driven by rotating magnetized neutron stars and black holes. Here, we generalize this approach by adding an ion fluid. Solutions are presented in which all particles are accelerated as the flow expands, with comparable power channeled into each of the plasma components. In an ion-dominated flow, each species reaches the limiting rigidity, according to Hillas' criterion, in a distance significantly shorter than in a lepton-dominated flow. These solutions support the hypothesis that newly born magnetars and pulsars are potential sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. The competing process of Poynting flux dissipation by magnetic reconnection is shown to be ineffective in low-density flows in which the conventionally defined electron multiplicity satisfies $κ_{\rm e}\lesssim 10^5\left(4πL_{38}/Ω\right)^{1/4} /\textrm{Max}\left(η_{\rm ion}^{1/2},1\right)$, where $L_{38}\times 10^{38}\textrm{erg s}^{-1}$ is the power carried by the flow in a solid angle $Ω$, and $η_{\rm ion}$ is the ratio of the ion to lepton power at launch.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Competition between disorder and exchange splitting in superconducting ZrZn_2
Creators: name: Powell, B. J.
name: Annett, James F.
name: Gyorffy, B. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a simple picture for the occurrence of superconductivity and the pressure dependence of the superconducting critical temperature, T_{SC}, in ZrZn_2. According to our hypothesis the pairing potential is independent of pressure, but the exchange splitting, E_{xc}, leads to a pressure dependence in the (spin dependent) density of states at the Fermi level, D_σ(ε_F). Assuming p-wave pairing T_{SC} is dependent on D_σ(ε_F) which ensures that, in the absence of non-magnetic impurities, T_{SC} decreases as pressure is applied until it reaches a minimum in the paramagnetic state. Disorder reduces this minimum to zero, this gives the illusion that the superconductivity disappears at the same pressure as ferromagnetism does.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, submitted to J. Phys. Cond. Mat
Simultaneous Segmentation and Relaxometry for MRI through Multitask Learning
Creators: name: Cao, Peng
name: Liu, Jing
name: Tang, Shuyu
name: Leynes, Andrew
name: Lupo, Janine M.
name: Xu, Duan
name: Larson, Peder E. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Purpose: This study demonstrated an MR signal multitask learning method for 3D simultaneous segmentation and relaxometry of human brain tissues. Materials and Methods: A 3D inversion-prepared balanced steady-state free precession sequence was used for acquiring in vivo multi-contrast brain images. The deep neural network contained 3 residual blocks, and each block had 8 fully connected layers with sigmoid activation, layer norm, and 256 neurons in each layer. Online synthesized MR signal evolutions and labels were used to train the neural network batch-by-batch. Empirically defined ranges of T1 and T2 values for the normal gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were used as the prior knowledge. MRI brain experiments were performed on 3 healthy volunteers as well as animal (N=6) and prostate patient (N=1) experiments. Results: In animal validation experiment, the differences/errors (mean difference $\pm$ standard deviation of difference) between the T1 and T2 values estimated from the proposed method and the ground truth were 113 $\pm$ 486 and 154 $\pm$ 512 ms for T1, and 5 $\pm$ 33 and 7 $\pm$ 41 ms for T2, respectively. In healthy volunteer experiments (N=3), whole brain segmentation and relaxometry were finished within ~5 seconds. The estimated apparent T1 and T2 maps were in accordance with known brain anatomy, and not affected by coil sensitivity variation. Gray matter, white matter, and CSF were successfully segmented. The deep neural network can also generate synthetic T1 and T2 weighted images. Conclusion: The proposed multitask learning method can directly generate brain apparent T1 and T2 maps, as well as synthetic T1 and T2 weighted images, in conjunction with segmentation of gray matter, white matter and CSF.
MOESM1 of Landiolol, an ultra-short acting beta-1 blocker, for preventing postoperative lung cancer recurrence: study protocol for a phase III, multicenter randomized trial with two parallel groups of patients
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Haruko
name: Hamasaki, Toshimitsu
name: Onda, Kaori
name: Nojiri, Takashi
name: Aragaki, Masato
name: Horie, Nao
name: Sato, Norihiro
name: Hida, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT checklist of this study.
Market Design for New Leaders
Creators: name: Menezes, Flavio
name: Menezes, Flavio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Public Economics
subject: Auction theory
subject: game theory
subject: market design

description: In this article we explore some of the theoretical developments over the last 40 years which led to the emergence of the field of market design. This new field has had a substantive impact on policy, especially after the highly successful auctions of the mobile telephony licences in the mid-1990s in the US. The auctions replaced an inefficient allocation system where licences were allocated to applicants via a lottery and subsequently sold for large windfalls. These auctions raised substantial amount of revenue for the US government and were adopted worldwide, including in Australia. First, I provide a brief history of market design in cases where monetary payments can be used as the basis to allocate goods and services. This history starts with the game theoretical foundations of non-cooperative behaviour – as typically the interests of different individuals are in conflict, for example, when buying or selling goods and services – and then moves on to mechanism design and auction theory and practice. Second, I will review a very large experiment in Brazil where markets were created to avoid electricity rationing in 2001. The choice of this example is not inconsequential. It is meant to illustrate that such an approach to public policy can be successful even in developing countries with weaker institutions. I will then provide some concluding comments.
Organizing boundary RG flows
Creators: name: Fredenhagen, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how a large class of boundary RG flows in two-dimensional conformal field theories can be summarized in a single rule. This rule is a generalization of the 'absorption of the boundary spin'-principle of Affleck and Ludwig and applies to all theories which have a description as a coset model. We give a formulation for coset models with arbitrary modular invariant partition function and present evidence for the conjectured rule. The second half of the article contains an illustrated section of examples where the rule is applied to unitary minimal models of the A- and D-series, in particular the 3-state Potts model, and to parafermion theories. We demonstrate how the rule can be used to compute brane charge groups in the example of N=2 minimal models.
description: 51 pages, 22 figures, uses pstricks
FFSM: a French forest-wood sector model which takes forestry issues into account in the fight against climate change
Creators: name: Caurla, Sylvain
name: Delacote, Philippe
name: Caurla, Sylvain
name: Delacote, Philippe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Within the framework of policies aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, France now relies largely on energy substitution. This results in the implementation of projects involving fuelwood or heat production from biomass. On the other hand, due to the very partial consideration of in-situ sequestration in the international climate policies ensuing from the Kyoto treaty, State action hitherto has not relied on measures favouring forest carbon sequestration. Some researchers from the Nancy Laboratory of Forest Economics developed the French Forest Sector Model (FFSM), a bio-economic model of the French forest-wood sector, used for simulations of climate policies and impact analysis. The first results of the FFSM model show that: (i) an ambitious policy of substitution may cause tensions on resources and wood industry markets; (2) a sequestration policy presents a better carbon balance through to 2020 than a substitution policy; (iii) the implementation of a generalized carbon tax would have a globally positive effect on the French forest-wood sector.
title: The Canadian Business Cycle: A Comparison of Models
Creators: name: Demers, Frédérick
name: Macdonald, Ryan
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2007

description: This paper examines the ability of linear and nonlinear models to replicate features of real Canadian GDP. We evaluate the models using various business-cycle metrics. From the 9 data generating processes designed, none can completely accommodate every business-cycle metric under consideration. Richness and complexity do not guarantee a close match with Canadian data. Our findings for Canada are consistent with Piger and Morley's (2005) study of the United States data and confirms the contradiction of their results with those reported by Engel, Haugh, and Pagan (2005): nonlinear models do provide an improvement in matching business-cycle features. Lastly, the empirical results suggest that investigating the merits of forecast combination would be worthwhile.
description: Les auteurs évaluent la capacité des modèles linéaires et non linéaires à reproduire les caractéristiques de l'évolution du PIB réel canadien en ayant recours à diverses mesures du cycle économique. Aucun des neuf processus générateurs de données qu'ils élaborent ne permet de recréer chacune des caractéristiques du cycle considérées. La richesse et la complexité du modèle ne garantissent pas une concordance parfaite avec les données canadiennes. Selon les résultats obtenus par les auteurs pour le Canada, les modèles non linéaires permettent de mieux reproduire les caractéristiques du cycle; ces résultats sont conformes à ceux de Piger et Morley (2005) fondés sur les données américaines et vont à l'encontre, comme les résultats de ces deux auteurs, de ceux présentés par Engel, Haugh et Pagan (2005). Enfin, les résultats empiriques donnent à penser qu'il vaudrait la peine d'examiner les avantages à tirer de la combinaison des prévisions.
Halo model prediction of the cosmic magnification statistics: the full non-linear contribution
Creators: name: Takada, Masahiro
name: Hamana, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lensing magnification effect due to large-scale structure is statistically measurable by correlation of size fluctuations in distant galaxy images as well as by the QSO-galaxy cross-correlation. We use the halo model formulation of Takada & Jain (2003) to compute these magnification-induced correlations without employing the weak lensing approximation, mu=1+2kappa. Our predictions thus include the full contribution from non-linear magnification that is due to lensing halos. We compare the model prediction with ray-tracing simulations and find excellent agreement over a range of angular scales (0.'5
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. Added discussion of a realistic model of the QSO-galaxy cross-correlation in section 5.5
Flexible Transparency - a Study on Adaptive Thin Glass Façade Panels
Creators: name: Ribeiro Silveira, Rafael
name: Louter, Christian
name: Klein, Tillmann
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: Chemically strengthened thin glass (t < 2 mm) is a material that is stronger and due to its small thickness, more flexible than conventional window glass. As such, thin glass offers the possibility for lightweight and flexible glass façades that could change shape depending on external conditions. This paper explores this concept and presents an MSc study on the use of this material in adaptive façade panels. The behavior of thin glass in this context depends on different factors. The glass thickness and strength define its bending limits, while the desired geometry and movement affect its overall stiffness and visual outcome. In order to integrate these factors, different configurations of panels were analyzed in numerical models. These analyses showed the importance of understanding the desired movement and geometry in order to correctly define the supports and degrees of freedom of the panel, avoiding stress concentration (particularly on the edges) and allowing for an unobstructed movement of the panel. The development of these analyses resulted in the conception of a design example of an adaptive façade panel, taking into consideration the design requirements developed in the research. Finally, as a proof of concept, a mock-up was built simulating the behavior of the design example developed in this research. Although there is still the need for research to be developed so that thin glass can become a building material, this research showed that this is possible and that interesting results, regarding visual effect, ventilation and dead load reduction (in larger scale, an environmental impact reduction is also possible) can be achieved. Besides that, using thin glass in adaptive panels challenges the concept of glass as a static material, opening new possibilities for its use.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 6 (2018): Challenging Glass 6