cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Wigner's approach enabled detection of multipartite nonlocality using all different bipartitions
Creators: name: Nandi, Sumit
name: Saha, Debashis
name: Home, Dipankar
name: Majumdar, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Distinct from Bell's approach, Wigner had derived a form of local realist (LR) inequality which is quantum mechanically violated for a bipartite maximally entangled state. Subsequently, this approach was generalized to obtain a multipartite LR inequality. However, the violation of such generalised Wigner's inequality does not guarantee nonlocality between all possible different bipartitions of the multipartite system. In the present work, this limitation has been overcome by formulating a further generalisation of Wigner's approach through the derivation of a set of LR inequalities with respect to all different bipartitions of a N-partite system. Quantum mechanical violations of all individual LR inequalities belonging to such a set would rigorously certify multipartite nonlocality by also providing a finer characterisation of the nature of multipartite nonlocality in the following sense. The quantum mechanical violation of any given inequality of our complete set of LR inequalities would enable identification of the corresponding bipartition which exhibits nonlocality. This is in contrast to other multipartite LR inequalities such as the Svetlichny inequality or its generalisation that cannot be used to detect whether there is any particular bipartition which is nonlocally correlated. The efficacy of the scheme developed in this paper is illustrated for the tripartite and quadripartite states.
description: Comments are welcome
Variable elimination, graph reduction and efficient g-formula
Creators: name: Guo, F. Richard
name: Perković, Emilija
name: Rotnitzky, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study efficient estimation of an interventional mean associated with a point exposure treatment under a causal graphical model represented by a directed acyclic graph without hidden variables. Under such a model, it may happen that a subset of the variables are uninformative in that failure to measure them neither precludes identification of the interventional mean nor changes the semiparametric variance bound for regular estimators of it. We develop a set of graphical criteria that are sound and complete for eliminating all the uninformative variables so that the cost of measuring them can be saved without sacrificing estimation efficiency, which could be useful when designing a planned observational or randomized study. Further, we construct a reduced directed acyclic graph on the set of informative variables only. We show that the interventional mean is identified from the marginal law by the g-formula (Robins, 1986) associated with the reduced graph, and the semiparametric variance bounds for estimating the interventional mean under the original and the reduced graphical model agree. This g-formula is an irreducible, efficient identifying formula in the sense that the nonparametric estimator of the formula, under regularity conditions, is asymptotically efficient under the original causal graphical model, and no formula with such property exists that only depends on a strict subset of the variables.
description: 67 pages; to appear in Biometrika
Framework for Network-Constrained Tracking of Cyclists and Pedestrians
Creators: name: Vial, Alphonse
name: Hendeby, Gustaf
name: Daamen, Winnie
name: van Arem, Bart
name: Hoogendoorn, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The increase in perception capabilities of connected mobile sensor platforms (e.g., self-driving vehicles, drones, and robots) leads to an extensive surge of sensed features at various temporal and spatial scales. Beyond their traditional use for safe operation, available observations could enable to see how and where people move on sidewalks and cycle paths, to eventually obtain a complete microscopic and macroscopic picture of the traffic flows in a larger area. This paper proposes a new method for advanced traffic applications, tracking an unknown and varying number of moving targets (e.g., pedestrians or cyclists) constrained by a road network, using mobile (e.g., vehicles) spatially distributed sensor platforms. The key contribution in this paper is to introduce the concept of network bound targets into the multi-target tracking problem, and hence to derive a network-constrained multi-hypotheses tracker (NC-MHT) to fully utilize the available road information. This is done by introducing a target representation, comprising a traditional target tracking representation and a discrete component placing the target on a given segment in the network. A simulation study shows that the method performs well in comparison to the standard MHT filter in free space. Results particularly highlight network-constraint effects for more efficient target predictions over extended periods of time, and in the simplification of the measurement association process, as compared to not utilizing a network structure. This theoretical work also directs attention to latent privacy concerns for potential applications.
description: Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems (T-ITS)
Simulation of electron-positron annihilation into hadrons with the event generator PHOKHARA
Creators: name: Czyz, H.
name: Gunia, M.
name: Kuhn, J. H
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The precise determination of the cross section for electron-positron annihilation into hadrons is one of the central tasks of ongoing experiments at low energy colliders. These measurements have to be complemented by Monte Carlo generators which simulate a large number of final states and include higher order radiative corrections. With this motivation in mind the generator PHOKHARA is extended to allow for the simulation of final states with zero, one or two real photons. At the same time corrections from the emission of one or two virtual photons are included, such that a full next-to-next-to leading order generator is available. The stability and consistency of the program is tested. The results (for muon-pair final states) are compared to the programs KKMC and MCGPJ and implications for the analysis of various hadronic final states are investigated.
description: references added, minor modifications to the text
Scaled Affine Quantization of $φ^4_4$ in the Low Temperature Limit
Creators: name: Fantoni, Riccardo
name: Klauder, John R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove through Monte Carlo analysis that the covariant euclidean scalar field theory, $φ^r_n$, where $r$ denotes the power of the interaction term and $n = s + 1$ where $s$ is the spatial dimension and $1$ adds imaginary time, such that $r = n = 4$ can be acceptably quantized using scaled affine quantization and the resulting theory is nontrivial and renormalizable even at low temperatures in the highly quantum regime.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2109.13447
Singular Value Perturbation and Deep Network Optimization
Creators: name: Riedi, Rudolf H.
name: Balestriero, Randall
name: Baraniuk, Richard G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop new theoretical results on matrix perturbation to shed light on the impact of architecture on the performance of a deep network. In particular, we explain analytically what deep learning practitioners have long observed empirically: the parameters of some deep architectures (e.g., residual networks, ResNets, and Dense networks, DenseNets) are easier to optimize than others (e.g., convolutional networks, ConvNets). Building on our earlier work connecting deep networks with continuous piecewise-affine splines, we develop an exact local linear representation of a deep network layer for a family of modern deep networks that includes ConvNets at one end of a spectrum and ResNets, DenseNets, and other networks with skip connections at the other. For regression and classification tasks that optimize the squared-error loss, we show that the optimization loss surface of a modern deep network is piecewise quadratic in the parameters, with local shape governed by the singular values of a matrix that is a function of the local linear representation. We develop new perturbation results for how the singular values of matrices of this sort behave as we add a fraction of the identity and multiply by certain diagonal matrices. A direct application of our perturbation results explains analytically why a network with skip connections (such as a ResNet or DenseNet) is easier to optimize than a ConvNet: thanks to its more stable singular values and smaller condition number, the local loss surface of such a network is less erratic, less eccentric, and features local minima that are more accommodating to gradient-based optimization. Our results also shed new light on the impact of different nonlinear activation functions on a deep network's singular values, regardless of its architecture.
description: Constr Approx (2022)
Wideband current modulation of diode lasers for frequency stabilization
Creators: name: Preuschoff, Tilman
name: Baus, Patrick
name: Schlosser, Malte
name: Birkl, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a current-modulation technique for diode-laser systems that is specifically designed for high-bandwidth laser-frequency stabilization and wideband frequency modulation with a flat transfer function. It consists of a dedicated current source and an impedance-matching circuit both placed close to the laser diode. The transfer behaviour of the system is analysed under realistic conditions employing an external-cavity diode laser (ECDL) system. We achieve a phase lag less than 90$°$ up to 25 MHz and a gain flatness of $\pm$ 3 dB in the frequency range of DC to 100 MHz while the passive stability of the laser system is not impaired. The potential of the presented current modulation scheme is demonstrated in an optical phase-locked-loop between two ECDL systems resulting in an improved phase noise of 42 mrad$_{rms}$. The design files are available as an open-source project.
Supplementary Figures.pdf
Creators: name: Liu, Nianchen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 321001
subject: Clinical nutrition

description: Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) is a serious complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with complex etiology involving chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Creatine, a natural nitrogenous compound, possesses anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, but its role in CAC remains unclear. We utilized a mouse model of CAC induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in male C57BL/6 mice, and supplemented mice with creatine in drinking water. We assessed the effects of creatine on colitis severity, tumor burden, and histopathology. Additionally, we investigated the impact of creatine on gut barrier function, macrophage polarization, and gut microbiota composition. Creatine supplementation significantly alleviated DSS-induced colitis, reduced tumor burden, and delayed CAC progression in mice. Mechanistically, creatine improved gut barrier function by protecting tight junction proteins from degradation induced by the modeling stimulus, influenced macrophage polarization, and maintained gut microbiota diversity, promoting the abundance of beneficial bacteria while reducing harmful ones. Our findings suggest that creatine supplementation may represent a promising supportive therapy for IBD and CAC.
title: Dust Deposition to the Bermuda Region: A Comparison of Estimates Using Seasonally-resolved Measurements of Aluminum in Water-column, Aerosol, and Rain Samples
Creators: name: Williams, Tara
name: Sedwick, Peter
name: Sohst, Bettina
name: Resing, Joe
name: Buck, Kristen
name: Caprara, Salvatore
name: Johnson, Rod
name: Ohnemus, Dan
name: Twining, Ben
name: Tagliabue, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Dust deposition is a major source of bioactive trace elements to the surface ocean, yet this flux remains difficult to constrain. Previously, time-averaged dust flux has been estimated using surface ocean dissolved aluminum (DAl) concentrations, assumed values for aerosol aluminum solubility (%AlS), and the residence time of DAl in the surface mixed layer (SML). We apply this method to estimate dust deposition in the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) region using water-column DAl data from cruises in 2019, which is compared with direct flux estimates from contemporaneous measurements of aluminum in aerosols and rain collected on Bermuda. Seasonal DAl inventories over the upper 200 m (our observed maximum SML depth) yield flux estimates that follow the expected seasonality of dust deposition in Bermuda, with ranges of 9.9-13 g/m2/y and 4.7-6.1 g/m2/y, using %AlS values derived from aerosol leaches using ultrapure water and 25% acetic acid, respectively. These values are ~5-10 times higher than our estimates based on aluminum in aerosols and rain, which average ~1.18 g/m2/y over our 318 day sampling period and are in accord with previous estimates of dust deposition at Bermuda. This discrepancy may reflect uncertainties in aerosol deposition velocity (assumed 1 cm/s), lateral advection of DAl in the region (assumed negligible), and, most likely, the residence time of DAl in the upper water column (assumed 5 years). The two different estimates can be brought into agreement if the residence time of DAl in the upper 200 m is increased to ~49 years or ~23 years, for %AlS values estimated by leaching aerosols with ultrapure water or 25% acetic acid, respectively. Such residence times for DAl in the upper 200 m are greater than a recent estimate for the North Atlantic based on thorium supply but appear compatible with values extracted from a recent data-assimilation modeling study.
Localized Interlayer Excitons in MoSe2-WSe2 Heterostructures without a Moiré Potential
Creators: name: Mahdikhanysarvejahany, Fateme
name: Shanks, Daniel N.
name: Klein, Mathew
name: Wang, Qian
name: Koehler, Michael R.
name: Mandrus, David G.
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Monti, Oliver L. A.
name: LeRoy, Brian J.
name: Schaibley, John R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Trapped interlayer excitons (IXs) in MoSe2-WSe2 heterobilayers have generated interest for use as single quantum emitter arrays and as an opportunity to study moiré physics in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterostructures. IXs are spatially indirectly excitons comprised of an electron in the MoSe2 layer bound to a hole in the WSe2 layer. Previous reports of spectrally narrow (<1 meV) photoluminescence (PL) emission lines at low temperature have been attributed to IXs localized by the moiré potential between the TMD layers. Here, we show that spectrally narrow IX PL lines are present even when the moiré potential is suppressed by inserting a bilayer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) spacer between the TMD layers. We directly compare the doping, electric field, magnetic field, and temperature dependence of IXs in a directly contacted MoSe2-WSe2 region to those in a region separated by bilayer hBN. Our results show that the localization potential resulting in the narrow PL lines is independent of the moiré potential, and instead likely due to extrinsic effects such as nanobubbles or defects. We show that while the doping, electric field, and temperature dependence of the narrow IX lines is similar for both regions, their excitonic g-factors have opposite signs, indicating that the IXs in the directly contacted region are trapped by both moiré and extrinsic localization potentials.
Realizing a lattice spin model with polar molecules
Creators: name: Yan, Bo
name: Moses, Steven A.
name: Gadway, Bryce
name: Covey, Jacob P.
name: Hazzard, Kaden R. A.
name: Rey, Ana Maria
name: Jin, Deborah S.
name: Ye, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the recent production of polar molecules in the quantum regime, long-range dipolar interactions are expected to facilitate the understanding of strongly interacting many-body quantum systems and to realize lattice spin models for exploring quantum magnetism. In atomic systems, where interactions require wave function overlap, effective spin interactions on a lattice can be realized via superexchange; however, the coupling is weak and limited to nearest-neighbor interactions. In contrast, dipolar interactions exist in the absence of tunneling and extend beyond nearest neighbors. This allows coherent spin dynamics to persist even at high entropy and low lattice filling. Effects of dipolar interactions in ultracold molecular gases have so far been limited to the modification of chemical reactions. We now report the observation of dipolar interactions of polar molecules pinned in a 3D optical lattice. We realize a lattice spin model with spin encoded in rotational states, prepared and probed by microwaves. This spin-exchange interaction arises from the resonant exchange of rotational angular momentum between two molecules. We observe clear oscillations in the evolution of the spin coherence in addition to an overall decay. The frequency of these oscillations, the strong dependence of the spin coherence time on the lattice filling, and the effect of a multi-pulse sequence designed to reverse dynamics due to two-body exchange interactions all provide evidence of dipolar interactions. We also demonstrate suppression of loss in weak lattices due to a quantum Zeno mechanism. Measurements of these tunneling-induced losses allow us to independently determine the lattice filling factor. These results comprise an initial exploration of the behavior of many-body spin models with direct, long-range spin interactions and lay the groundwork for future studies of many-body dynamics in spin lattices.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
title: Calardis Blanc - Fruchtiger Weißwein mit feinwürzigen Bukett
Creators: name: Julius Kühn-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen, Institut für Rebenzüchtung
Publisher: name: Julius Kühn-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen
Year: 2019

description: Informationsblatt des JKI
Relativistic propagation and frame dragging time delay in the timing of a pulsar orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA*
Creators: name: Ben-Salem, Bilel
name: Hackmann, Eva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Timing a pulsar in a close orbit around the supermassive black hole SgrA* at the center of the Milky Way would open the window for an accurate determination of the black hole parameters and for new tests of General Relativity and alternative modified gravity theories. An important relativistic effect which has to be taken into account in the timing model is the propagation delay of the pulses in the gravitational field of the black hole. Due to the extreme mass ratio of the pulsar and the supermassive back hole we use the test particle limit to derive an exact analytical formula for the propagation delay in a Kerr spacetime and deduce a relativistic formula for the frame dragging effect on the arrival time. As an illustration, we treat an edge-on orbit in which the frame dragging effect is expected to be maximal. We compare our formula for the propagation time delay with Post-Newtonian approaches, and in particular with the frame dragging terms derived in previous works by Wex & Kopeikin and Rafikov & Lai. Our approach correctly identifies the asymmetry of the frame dragging delay with respect to superior conjunction, avoids singularities in the time delay, and indicates that in the Post-Newtonian approach frame dragging effects are generally slightly overestimated.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
Zero and one jet combined NLO analysis of the top quark forward-backward asymmetry
Creators: name: Hoeche, Stefan
name: Huang, Junwu
name: Luisoni, Gionata
name: Schoenherr, Marek
name: Winter, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the forward-backward asymmetry in the production of top quark pairs at the Tevatron collider. We use novel Monte Carlo methods for merging matrix elements and parton showers to combine NLO QCD predictions for tt and tt+jet production. Theoretical uncertainties are quantified in detail. We find agreement with experimental data on the transverse momentum dependence of the asymmetry.
description: 16 pages, 2 tables, 3 figures
The cosmic optical background excess, dark matter, and line-intensity mapping
Creators: name: Bernal, José Luis
name: Sato-Polito, Gabriela
name: Kamionkowski, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies using New Horizons LORRI images have returned the most precise measurement of the cosmic optical background to date, yielding a flux that exceeds that expected from deep galaxy counts by roughly a factor of two. We investigate whether this excess, detected at $\sim 4σ$ significance, is due to axion-like dark matter that decays to monoenergetic photons. We compute the spectral energy distribution from such decays and the contribution to the flux measured by LORRI. Assuming that axion-like particles make up all of the dark matter, the parameter space unconstrained to date that explains the measured excess spans masses and effective axion-photon couplings of 8 - 20 eV masses and 3 - 6 $\times 10^{-11}$ GeV$^{-1}$, respectively. If the excess arises from dark-matter decay to a photon line, there will be a significant signal in forthcoming line-intensity mapping measurements that will allow the discrimination of this hypothesis from other candidates.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures. Minor modifications, matches published version in PRL
Non-geodesic orbital and epicyclic frequencies in vicinity of slowly rotating magnetized neutron stars
Creators: name: Bakala, Pavel
name: Urbanec, Martin
name: Sramkova, Eva
name: Stuchlik, Zdenek
name: Torok, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study non-geodesic corrections to the quasicircular motion of charged test particles in the field of magnetized slowly rotating neutron stars. The gravitational field is approximated by the Lense-Thirring geometry, the magnetic field is of the standard dipole character. Using a fully-relativistic approach we determine influence of the electromagnetic interaction (both attractive and repulsive) on the quasicircular motion. We focus on the behaviour of the orbital and epicyclic frequencies of the motion. Components of the four-velocity of the orbiting charged test particles are obtained by numerical solution of equations of motion, the epicyclic frequencies are obtained by using the standard perturbative method. The role of the combined effect of the neutron star magnetic field and its rotation in the character of the orbital and epicyclic frequencies is discussed.
description: 2 pages, to be published in Proceedings of IAUS 290 "Feeding Compact Objects: Accretion on All Scales", C. M. Zhang, T. Belloni, M. Mendez and S. N. Zhang (eds.)
Scattering Rates For Leptogenesis: Damping of Lepton Flavour Coherence and Production of Singlet Neutrinos
Creators: name: Garbrecht, Bjorn
name: Glowna, Frank
name: Schwaller, Pedro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Closed-Time-Path approach, we perform a systematic leading order calculation of the relaxation rate of flavour correlations of left-handed Standard Model leptons. This quantity is of pivotal relevance for flavoured Leptogenesis in the Early Universe, and we find it to be 5.19*10^-3 T at T=10^7 GeV and 4.83*10^-3 T at T=10^13 GeV. These values apply to the Standard Model with a Higgs-boson mass of 125 GeV. The dependence of the numerical coefficient on the temperature T is due to the renormalisation group running. The leading linear and logarithmic dependencies of the flavour relaxation rate on the gauge and top-quark couplings are extracted, such that the results presented in this work can readily be applied to extensions of the Standard Model. We also derive the production rate of light (compared to the temperature) sterile right-handed neutrinos, a calculation that relies on the same methods. We confirm most details of earlier results, but find a substantially larger contribution from the t-channel exchange of fermions.
description: 43 pages, 11 figures
Most probable escape paths in periodically driven nonlinear oscillators
Creators: name: Cilenti, Lautaro
name: Cameron, Maria
name: Balachandran, Balakumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49M99, 70Q05, 34F99

description: The dynamics of mechanical systems such as turbomachinery with multiple blades are often modeled by arrays of periodically driven coupled nonlinear oscillators. It is known that such systems may have multiple stable vibrational modes, and transitions between them may occur under the influence of random factors. A methodology for finding most probable escape paths and estimating the transition rates in the small noise limit is developed and applied to a collection of arrays of coupled monostable oscillators with cubic nonlinearity, small damping, and harmonic external forcing. The methodology is built upon the action plot method (Beri et al. 2005) and relies on the large deviation theory, optimal control theory, and the Floquet theory. The action plot method is promoted to non-autonomous high-dimensional systems, and a method for solving the arising optimization problem with discontinuous objective function restricted to a certain manifold is proposed. The most probable escape paths between stable vibrational modes in arrays of up to five oscillators and the corresponding quasipotential barriers are computed and visualized. The dependence of the quasipotential barrier on the parameters of the system is discussed.
description: 44 pages, 30 figures, 3 tables
Radiative Transfer Simulations for Neutron Star Merger Ejecta
Creators: name: Tanaka, Masaomi
name: Hotokezaka, Kenta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The merger of binary neutron stars (NSs) is among the most promising gravitational wave (GW) sources. Next-generation GW detectors are expected to detect signals from the NS merger within 200 Mpc. Detection of electromagnetic wave (EM) counterpart is crucial to understand the nature of GW sources. Among possible EM emission from the NS merger, emission powered by radioactive r-process nuclei is one of the best targets for follow-up observations. However, prediction so far does not take into account detailed r-process element abundances in the ejecta. We perform radiative transfer simulations for the NS merger ejecta including all the r-process elements from Ga to U for the first time. We show that the opacity in the NS merger ejecta is about kappa = 10 cm^2 g^{-1}, which is higher than that of Fe-rich Type Ia supernova ejecta by a factor of ~ 100. As a result, the emission is fainter and longer than previously expected. The spectra are almost featureless due to the high expansion velocity and bound-bound transitions of many different r-process elements. We demonstrate that the emission is brighter for a higher mass ratio of two NSs and a softer equation of states adopted in the merger simulations. Because of the red color of the emission, follow-up observations in red optical and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths will be the most efficient. At 200 Mpc, expected brightness of the emission is i = 22 - 25 AB mag, z = 21 - 23 AB mag, and 21 - 24 AB mag in NIR JHK bands. Thus, observations with wide-field 4m- and 8m-class optical telescopes and wide-field NIR space telescopes are necessary. We also argue that the emission powered by radioactive energy can be detected in the afterglow of nearby short gamma-ray bursts.
description: 18 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, computed light curves are available at http://th.nao.ac.jp/MEMBER/tanaka/nsmerger_lightcurve.html
Thermal conductivity of a weakly interacting Bose gas in quasi-one-dimension
Creators: name: Tanaka, Tomohiro
name: Nishida, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transport coefficients are typically divergent for quantum integrable systems in one dimension, such as a Bose gas with a two-body contact interaction. However, when a one-dimensional system is realized by confining bosons into a tight matter waveguide, an effective three-body interaction inevitably arises as leading perturbation to break the integrability. This fact motivates us to study the thermal conductivity of a Bose gas in one dimension with both two-body and three-body interactions. In particular, we evaluate the Kubo formula exactly to the lowest order in perturbation by summing up all contributions that are naively higher orders in perturbation but become comparable in the zero-frequency limit due to the pinch singularity. Consequently, a self-consistent equation for a vertex function is derived, showing that the thermal conductivity in quasi-one-dimension is dominated by the three-body interaction rather than the two-body interaction. Furthermore, the resulting thermal conductivity in the weak-coupling limit proves to be identical to that computed based on the quantum Boltzmann equation and its temperature dependence is numerically determined.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures; published version with appendix added
Enhanced Schwinger's pair production in many-center systems
Creators: name: Fillion-Gourdeau, François
name: Lorin, Emmanuel
name: Bandrauk, André D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron-positron pair production is considered for many-center systems with multiple bare nuclei immersed in a constant electric field. It is shown that there are two distinct regimes where the pair production rate is enhanced. At small interatomic distance, the effective charge of the nuclei approaches the critical charge where the ground state dives into the negative continuum. This facilitates the transition from the negative to the positive energy states, which in turns, increases the pair production rate. At larger atomic distance, the enhancement is due to the crossing of resonances and the pair production proceeds by the Resonantly Enhanced Pair Production (REPP) mechanism. These processes are studied within a simple one-dimensional model. A numerical method is developed to evaluate the transmission coefficient in relativistic quantum mechanics, which is required in the calculation of the pair production rate. The latter is evaluated for systems with many (up to five) nuclei. It is shown that the production rate for many-center systems can reach a few orders of magnitude above Schwinger's tunnelling result in a static field.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Health care professionals’ perspectives on screening and management of gestational diabetes mellitus in public hospitals of South India – a qualitative study
Creators: name: Sahu, Biswamitra
name: Babu, Giridhara R.
name: Gurav, Kaveri Siddappa
name: Karthik, Maithili
name: Ravi, Deepa
name: Lobo, Eunice
name: John, Daisy Abu
name: Oakley, Laura
name: Oteng-Ntim, Eugene
name: Nadal, Iliatha Papachristou
name: Kinra, Sanjay
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. In-depth Interview (IDI) Guide: Health Care Provider- Doctor.
The randomized measurement toolbox
Creators: name: Elben, Andreas
name: Flammia, Steven T.
name: Huang, Hsin-Yuan
name: Kueng, Richard
name: Preskill, John
name: Vermersch, Benoît
name: Zoller, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Increasingly sophisticated programmable quantum simulators and quantum computers are opening unprecedented opportunities for exploring and exploiting the properties of highly entangled complex quantum systems. The complexity of large quantum systems is the source of their power, but also makes them difficult to control precisely or characterize accurately using measured classical data. We review recently developed protocols for probing the properties of complex many-qubit systems using measurement schemes that are practical using today's quantum platforms. In all these protocols, a quantum state is repeatedly prepared and measured in a randomly chosen basis; then a classical computer processes the measurement outcomes to estimate the desired property. The randomization of the measurement procedure has distinct advantages; for example, a single data set can be employed multiple times to pursue a variety of applications, and imperfections in the measurements are mapped to a simplified noise model that can more easily be mitigated. We discuss a range of use cases that have already been realized in quantum devices, including Hamiltonian simulation tasks, probes of quantum chaos, measurements of nonlocal order parameters, and comparison of quantum states produced in distantly separated laboratories. By providing a workable method for translating a complex quantum state into a succinct classical representation that preserves a rich variety of relevant physical properties, the randomized measurement toolbox strengthens our ability to grasp and control the quantum world.
Observing EAGLE galaxies with JWST: predictions for Milky Way progenitors and their building blocks
Creators: name: Evans, Tilly A
name: Fattahi, Azadeh
name: Deason, Alis J
name: Frenk, Carlos S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present predictions, derived from the EAGLE LCDM cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, for the abundance and properties of galaxies expected to be detected at high redshift by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We consider the galaxy population as a whole and focus on the sub-population of progenitors of Milky Way (MW) analogues, defined to be galaxies with accretion histories similar to the MW's, that is, galaxies that underwent a merger resembling the Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage (GES) event and that contain an analogue of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) satellite today. We derive the luminosity function of all EAGLE galaxies in JWST NIRCam passbands, in the redshift range z=2-8, taking into account dust obscuration and different exposure times. For an exposure time of $T=10^5$s, average MW progenitors are observable as far back as z~6 in most bands, and this changes to z~5 and z~4 for the GES and LMC progenitors, respectively. The progenitors of GES and LMC analogues are, on average, ~2 and ~1 mag fainter than the MW progenitors at most redshifts. They lie, on average, within ~60 and ~30 arcsec, respectively, of their future MW host at all times, and thus will appear within the field-of-view of JWST NIRCam. We conclude that galaxies resembling the main progenitor of the MW and its major accreted components should be observable with JWST beyond redshift 2, providing a new and unique window in studying the formation history of our own galaxy.
description: 17 page, 16 figures. Published in MNRAS
title: Flugroboter im Feldversuchswesen
Creators: name: Nordmeyer, Henning
name: Pflanz, Michael
name: Feistkorn, Dominik
name: Pohl, Jan-Philip
Publisher: name: Julius Kühn-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen
Year: 2018

description: Informationsblatt des JKI
Additional file 2 of Health care professionals’ perspectives on screening and management of gestational diabetes mellitus in public hospitals of South India – a qualitative study
Creators: name: Sahu, Biswamitra
name: Babu, Giridhara R.
name: Gurav, Kaveri Siddappa
name: Karthik, Maithili
name: Ravi, Deepa
name: Lobo, Eunice
name: John, Daisy Abu
name: Oakley, Laura
name: Oteng-Ntim, Eugene
name: Nadal, Iliatha Papachristou
name: Kinra, Sanjay
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. In-depth Interview (IDI) Guide: Health Care Provider- NURSE.
The L dwarf/T dwarf transition: multiplicity, magnetic activity and mineral meteorology across the hydrogen burning limit
Creators: name: Burgasser, Adam J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transition between the L dwarf and T dwarf spectral classes is one of the most remarkable along the stellar/brown dwarf Main Sequence, separating sources with photospheres containing mineral condensate clouds from those containing methane and ammonia gases. Unusual characteristics of this transition include a 1 micron brightening between late L and early T dwarfs observed in both parallax samples and coeval binaries; a spike in the multiplicity fraction; evidence of increased photometric variability, possibly arising from patchy cloud structures; and a delayed transition for young, planetary-mass objects. All of these features can be explained if this transition is governed by the "rapid" (nonequlibrium) rainout of clouds from the photosphere, triggered by temperature, surface gravity, metallicity and (perhaps) rotational effects. While the underlying mechanism of this rainout remains under debate, the transition is now being exploited to discover and precisely characterize tight (< 1 AU) very low-mass binaries that can be used to test brown dwarf evolutionary and atmospheric theories, and resolved binaries that further constrain the properties of this remarkable transition.
description: Contributed proceedings of the 17th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun (ed. Strassmeier & Lopez-Morales); to appear in Astronomische Nachrichten (AN) Vol 334, January 2013; 5 pages, 4 figures
Transformer Compressed Sensing via Global Image Tokens
Creators: name: Lorenzana, Marlon Bran
name: Engstrom, Craig
name: Chandra, Shekhar S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have demonstrated outstanding Compressed Sensing (CS) performance compared to traditional, hand-crafted methods. However, they are broadly limited in terms of generalisability, inductive bias and difficulty to model long distance relationships. Transformer neural networks (TNN) overcome such issues by implementing an attention mechanism designed to capture dependencies between inputs. However, high-resolution tasks typically require vision Transformers (ViT) to decompose an image into patch-based tokens, limiting inputs to inherently local contexts. We propose a novel image decomposition that naturally embeds images into low-resolution inputs. These Kaleidoscope tokens (KD) provide a mechanism for global attention, at the same computational cost as a patch-based approach. To showcase this development, we replace CNN components in a well-known CS-MRI neural network with TNN blocks and demonstrate the improvements afforded by KD. We also propose an ensemble of image tokens, which enhance overall image quality and reduces model size. Supplementary material is available: https://github.com/uqmarlonbran/TCS.git
description: 4 Pages, 4 Figures, 2 Tables
Topological state transfer in Kresling origami
Creators: name: Miyazawa, Yasuhiro
name: Chen, Chun-Wei
name: Chaunsali, Rajesh
name: Gormley, Timothy S.
name: Yin, Gloria
name: Theocharis, Georgios
name: Yang, Jinkyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological mechanical metamaterials have been widely explored for their boundary states, which can be robustly isolated or transported in a controlled manner. However, such systems often require pre-configured design or complex active actuation for wave manipulation. Here, we present the possibility of in-situ transfer of topological boundary modes by leveraging the reconfigurability intrinsic in twisted origami lattices. In particular, we employ a dimer Kresling origami system consisting of unit cells with opposite chirality, which couples longitudinal and rotational degrees of freedom in elastic waves. The quasi-static twist imposed on the lattice alters the strain landscape of the lattice, thus significantly affecting the wave dispersion relations and the topology of the underling bands. This in turn facilitates an efficient topological state transfer from one edge to the other. This simple and practical approach of energy transfer in origami-inspired lattices can thus inspire a new class of efficient energy manipulation devices.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Implementing the Smile4life intervention for people experiencing homelessness: a path analytical evaluation
Creators: name: Beaton, Laura
name: Humphris, Gerry
name: Rodriguez, Andrea
name: Freeman, Ruth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Overall, only 3% of participants participated in all five Smile4life actions.
A Phase-field model for simulating hydrogen-induced pitting corrosion with solid-solid phase transformation in the metal
Creators: name: Sheng, Jie
name: Wang, Yue-Chao
name: Liu, Yu
name: Wu, Shuai
name: Xu, Ke
name: Chen, Zi-Hang
name: Sun, Bo
name: Liu, Hai-Feng
name: Song, Hai-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrogen-induced pitting corrosion of metallic is a common phenomenon that damages the integrity and durability of the materials. Its numerical simulation is still a challenge due to many complex mechanisms, especially solid-solid phase transformation and mechanical interaction, leading to the anisotropic growth of hydride and inducing some bulges on the metal surface. In our work, we propose a phase-field model and numerical technique for simulation of hydrogen-induced pitting corrosion, and apply it to the system of $α$-Uranium. In our model, the elastic strain energy is introduced to approximate the anisotropic pit morphology induced by the mechanical interaction between metal and hydride. For the numerical technique, the free boundary condition based on the finite element method is adopted to introduce the bulges of the metal surface. By the application of our model and numerical technique, the anisotropic pit morphology with a bulge on the metal surface in agreement with experiments of $α$-Uranium is obtained. Moreover, the compression of $α$-Uranium and the dilation of its hydride are discovered, which develops the deep understanding of hydrogen-induced pitting corrosion. This model is expected to be applied to the health detection of hydrogen-induced pitting corrosion of metal in the industry.
description: 11 pages (text), 8 figures (text), 1 table (text), 5 pages (SI), 5 figures (SI) and 1 table (SI)
Experimental study of intrinsic multiple Andreev reflections effect in GdO(F)FeAs superconductor array junctions
Creators: name: Kuzmicheva, T. E.
name: Kuzmichev, S. A.
name: Mikheev, M. G.
name: Ponomarev, Ya. G.
name: Tchesnokov, S. N.
name: Eltsev, Yu. F.
name: Pudalov, V. M.
name: Sadakov, A. V.
name: Usoltsev, A. S.
name: Khlybov, E. P.
name: Kulikova, L. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first observation of the intrinsic multiple Andreev reflections effect (IMARE) in S-n-S-...-S-arrays (S = superconductor, n = normal metal) formed by "break-junction" technique in GdO(F)FeAs superconductor (Tc = 48 - 53 K). We show that superconducting gap peculiarities at dI/dV-spectra sharpen dramatically in the arrays as compared with that in the single-contact spectra; this enables to improve significantly accuracy of the bulk superconducting parameters determination. Using IMARE, we determined the large and the small gap values Δ_L = 11 +- 1.1 meV and Δ_S = 2.6 +- 0.4 meV. The BCS-ratio 2Δ_L/kTc^{local} = 5.0 - 5.9 > 3.52 (Tc^{local} is the contact area critical temperature) evidences for a strong electron-boson coupling. The results obtained agree well with our previous data by Andreev spectroscopy for single SnS-contacts.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures