cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Causality inference between time series data and its applications
Creators: Chen, Siyuan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mechanical engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: Computer science
subject: Causation
subject: Earthquakes
subject: Markets
subject: Time-series analysis

description: Ever since Granger first proposed the idea of quantitatively testing the causal relationship between data streams, the endeavor of accurately inferring the causality in data and using that information to predict the future has not stopped. Artificial Intelligence (AI), by utilizing the massive amounts of data, helps to solve complex problems, whether they include the diagnosis and detection of disease through medical imaging, email spam detection, or self-driving vehicles. Perhaps, this thesis will be trivial in ten years from now. AI has pushed humankind to reach the next technological level in technology. Nowadays, among most machine leaning inquiries, statistical relationships are determined using correlation measures. By feeding data into machine learning algorithms, computers update the algorithm’s parameters iteratively by extracting and mapping features to learning targets until the correlation increases to a significant level to cease the training process. However, with the increasing developments of powerful AI, there is really a shortage of exploring causality in data. It is almost self-evident that ”correlation is not causality." Sometimes, the strong correlation established between variables through machine learning can be absurd and meaningless. Providing insight into causality information through data, which most of the machine learning methods fall short to do, is of paramount importance. The subsequent chapters detail the four endeavors of studying causality in financial markets, earthquakes, animal/human brain signals, the predictivity of data sets. In Chapter 2, we further developed the concept of causality networks into a higher-order causality network. We applied these to financial data and tested their validity and ability to capture the system’s causal relationship. In next Chapter 3, We examined another type of time series-earthquakes. Violent seismic activities decimate people's lives and destroy entire cities and areas. This begs us to understand how earthquakes work and help us make reliably and evacuation-actionable predictions. The causal relationships of seismic activities in different areas are studied and established. Biological data, specifically brain signals, are time-series data and their causal pattern are explored and studied. Different human and mice brain signals are analyzed and clustered in Chapter 4 using their unique causal pattern to understand different brain cell activity. Finally, we realized that the causal pattern in the time series can be used to compress data. A causal compression ratio is invented and used as the data stream’s predictivity index. We describe this in Chapter 5.
The proton's gluon structure
Creators: name: Landshoff, P. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The proton's gluon structure function at small x is larger than nowadays is commonly believed
description: Talk at QCD 02, Montpellier, July 2002
Supplementary File S1 for Expression Level Dominance and Homeolog Expression Bias in Recurrent Origins of the Allopolyploid Fern Polypodium hesperium
Creators: name: Sigel, Erin
name: Der, Joshua
name: Windham, Michael
name: Pryer, Kathleen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Botany
subject: 60405 Gene Expression (incl. Microarray and other genome-wide approaches)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary File S1. MATLAB scripts for homeolog expression bias likelihood ratio tests.
Corynoptera subfurcifera MOHRIG &
Creators: name: Menzel, Frank
name: Smith, Jane E.
name: Chandler, Peter J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sciaridae
Corynoptera
Corynoptera subfurcifera

description: CORYNOPTERA SUBFURCIFERA MOHRIG &   HÖVEMEYER, 1992
 Synonyms: differa Rudzinski, 1994.
New to British and Irish list.
 Material examined: Bradfield Wood, Suffolk, 1 male, 6.vii.−11.vii.1990, Laurence leg. (PBLN). Ennis, Clare, 1 male, 30.v.1984, J.P. O’Connor leg. (NMID). Falls of Tarnash, Moray, 1 male, 1.vii.1936, Coe leg. (BMNH). Sned Wood, Lower Lye, Herefordshire, 1 male, 14.vii.2003, J.E. Smith leg. (HRI). The Clappers, Sharpenhoe, Bedfordshire, 1 male, 16.vi.1997, Chandler leg. (PPCM).
 Ecological notes: found in beech and other broadleaved woodland; conifer plantation with broad-leaved fringe; river side. v–vii.
description: Published as part of Menzel, Frank, Smith, Jane E. & Chandler, Peter J., 2006, The sciarid fauna of the British Isles (Diptera: Sciaridae), including descriptions of six new species, pp. 1-147 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 146 (1) on page 83, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00190.x, http://zenodo.org/record/5435693
Supplementary Table S8 for Expression Level Dominance and Homeolog Expression Bias in Recurrent Origins of the Allopolyploid Fern Polypodium hesperium
Creators: name: Sigel, Erin
name: Der, Joshua
name: Windham, Michael
name: Pryer, Kathleen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Botany
subject: 60405 Gene Expression (incl. Microarray and other genome-wide approaches)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Table S8. Results of likelihood ratio tests for differences in homeolog expression bias between Polypodium hesperium Ha and P. hesperium Hg for 1073 genes.
Hybride Finanzierungspolitik und Unternehmensbewertung
Creators: name: Kruschwitz, Lutz
name: Löffler, Andreas
name: Canefield, Dominica
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Unternehmensbewertung
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft

description: Wer ein Unternehmen zu bewerten hat, ist gut beraten, sich sorgfältig mit der Unsicherheit zu beschäftigen. Man hat regelmäßig davon auszugehen, dass das zu bewertende Unternehmen eine lange Lebensdauer vor sich hat, und muss gleichzeitig berücksichtigen, dass die menschlichen Fähigkeiten, weit in die Zukunft zu schauen, stark begrenzt sind. Jeder weiß, dass der Nebel immer dichter wird, je weiter man sich mit der Prognose von Cash-flows oder der Geschäftspolitik des Unternehmens in die Zukunft wagt. Man hat halbwegs deutliche Vorstellungen von der nahen Zukunft, aber nur noch umrissartige und immer stärker verblassende oder gar nur bruchstückhafte Vorstellungen von der weiter entfernten Zukunft. Es ist üblich, dem hier skizzierten Problem mit der sog. Phasenmethode zu begegnen. Im WP-Handbuch 1998 liest man dazu: "Für die nähere Phase werden die finanziellen Überschüsse mit Einzelplanansätzen für deren Komponenten detailliert geschätzt. Die fernere Phase betrifft die kaum übersehbare fernere Zukunft, in der entweder eine pauschale Weiterentwicklung des finanziellen Überschusses auf einem bestimmten Niveau ... oder ein bestimmter Restwert angenommen wird". Nun trifft das Bild vom immer dichter werdenden Nebel nicht nur auf die künftigen finanziellen Überschüsse, sondern auch auf die Verschuldungspolitik des Unternehmens zu. So gibt es in vielen Unternehmen detaillierte Pläne in Bezug auf die Kreditaufnahme und Kredittilgung der nahen Zukunft, aus denen sich die Schuldenstände des Unternehmens verhältnismäßig sicher ableiten lassen. Solche Pläne gehen im Allgemeinen nicht über einen Zeitraum von fünf oder zehn Jahren hinaus. Für die sich anschließende Phase ist eine detaillierte Planung der Kreditbestände nicht vorhanden. Oft wird daher für diese fernere Phase eine Fremdkapitalquote als Ziel vorgegeben. Übersetzt man das in die Terminologie, welche sich hierzulande in der Theorie der Unternehmensbewertung durchzusetzen scheint, so kann man sagen, dass Unternehmen in der näheren Phase gern eine autonome Finanzierungspolitik betreiben, während sie in der ferneren Phase eine wertorientierte Verschuldungspolitik verfolgen. Ein solches Konzept bezeichnen wir als hybride Finanzierungspolitik. Die Finanzierungspolitik, welche ein Unternehmen betreiben wird, hat maßgebliche Auswirkungen auf die künftigen Steuervorteile und damit auf den Wert eines Unternehmens. In der Literatur findet man ohne Mühe gut begründete Vorschläge, wie man die Unternehmensbewertung vorzunehmen hat, wenn entweder autonom oder aber wertorientiert finanziert wird. Sucht man jedoch nach Bewertungsgleichungen, die dem Umstand Rechnung tragen, dass eine hybride Verschuldungspolitik realisiert werden soll, so tut man das nach dem Kenntnisstand der Verfasser vergeblich. Diese Lücke soll mit dem vorliegenden Beitrag geschlossen werden.
Correlations between azimuthal anisotropy Fourier harmonics in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}=2.76$ TeV in the HYDJET++ and AMPT models
Creators: name: Dordevic, M.
name: Milosevic, J.
name: Nadderd, L.
name: Stojanovic, M.
name: Wang, F.
name: Zhu, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Correlations between azimuthal anisotropy Fourier harmonics $v_{n}$ ($n = 2, 3, 4$) are studied using the events from PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}=2.76$ TeV generated by the HYDJET++ and AMPT models, and compared to the corresponding experimental results obtained by the ATLAS Collaboration. The Fourier harmonics $v_{n}$ are measured over a wide centrality range using the two-particle azimuthal correlation method. The slopes of the $v_{2}$--$v_{3}$ correlation from both models are in a good agreement with the ATLAS data. The HYDJET++ model predicts a stronger slope for the $v_{2}$--$v_{4}$ and $v_{3}$--$v_{4}$ correlations than the ones experimentally measured, while the results from the AMPT model are in a rather good agreement with the experimental results. In contrast to the HYDJET++ predictions, the AMPT model predicts a boomerang-like shape in the structure of the correlations as found in the experimental data.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Umbral Calculus and Cancellative Semigroup Algebras
Creators: name: Kisil, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 43A20; 05A40, 20N++

description: We describe some connections between three different fields: combinatorics (umbral calculus), functional analysis (linear functionals and operators) and harmonic analysis (convolutions on group-like structures). Systematic usage of cancellative semigroup, their convolution algebras, and tokens between them provides a common language for description of objects from these three fields. Keywords: cancellative semigroups, umbral calculus, harmonic analysis, token, convolution algebra, integral transform
description: LaTeX, 32 pages, paper is completely revised from the title to bibliography
Additional file 1 of Initiating angiotensin II at lower vasopressor doses in vasodilatory shock: an exploratory post-hoc analysis of the ATHOS-3 clinical trial
Creators: name: Wieruszewski, Patrick M.
name: Bellomo, Rinaldo
name: Busse, Laurence W.
name: Ham, Kealy R.
name: Zarbock, Alexander
name: Khanna, Ashish K.
name: Deane, Adam M.
name: Ostermann, Marlies
name: Wunderink, Richard G.
name: Boldt, David W.
name: Kroll, Stew
name: Greenfeld, Chuck R.
name: Hodges, Tony
name: Chow, Jonathan H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Kaplan-Meier plots of 28-day survival in patients randomized at low-norepinephrine equivalent dose and high-norepinephrine equivalent dose separated by treatment arms. Fig. S2. Day 28 survival by baseline norepinephrine equivalent dose in all enrolled patients. Fig. S3. Day 28 survival by baseline norepinephrine equivalent dose separated by treatment group. Blue: angiotensin II, red: placebo.
Causation and Explanation in Molecular Developmental Biology
Creators: Nathan, Marco Jacob
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Science--Philosophy
Molecular biology--Research

description: The aim of this dissertation is to provide an analysis of central concepts in philosophy of science from the perspective of current molecular and developmental research. Each chapter explores the ways in which particular phenomena or discoveries in molecular biology influences our philosophical understanding of the nature of scientific knowledge. The introductory prologue draws some general connections between the various threads, which revolve around two central themes: causation and explanation. Chapter Two identifies a particular type of causal relation which is widespread across the sciences, but cannot be straightforwardly accommodated by extant accounts of causation and causal explanation. Chapter Three explores how the form of redundant causality identified in the previous chapter plays an important role in causal explanation, by making the effect stable and robust. Chapter Four offers a novel perspective on the debate over biological reductionism by distinguishing between different paradigms of molecular explanation. Chapter Five provides a philosophical analysis of the so-called "Developmental Synthesis" of evolutionary and developmental biology, and suggests a general account of scientific unification grounded in the notion of explanatory relevance. Chapter Six offers an account of dispositional properties inspired by mechanisms of gene regulation, according to which dispositions are not properties of entities, but properties that describe the behavior of abstract idealized models. Finally, Chapter Seven scrutinizes the concept of the molecular ecosystem, a metaphor frequently employed by biologists to describe cellular interactions, but seldom articulated in detail.
Verteilungswirkungen umweltpolitischer Maßnahmen und Instrumente
Creators: name: Jacob, Klaus
name: Guske, Anna-Lena
name: Weiland, Sabine
name: Range, Claire
name: Pestel, Nico
name: Sommer, Eric
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Verteilungswirkungen
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: This study develops a methodology to assess the distributional effects of environmental policy instru-ments and measures. This method takes into consideration the economic as well as social and envi-ronmental effects. As a first step, the state of the art of the conceptualization of distributional effects was resumed. This overview combines the state of the art in research as well as the current practice of policy impact assessment and the guidelines in this context. Based on this theoretical overview, the authors developed a method to analyze distributional effects. This analysis consists of three main steps: 1) scoping phase, 2) relevance test, 3) in-depth analysis. The result chain analysis constitutes the basis of the scoping phase to identify possible direct and indirect effects of a policy. For the effects that were identified as relevant, an in-depth analysis is undertaken. The first step of this analysis is an assessment of the distributional effects of the status quo. The analysis of the current state serves as a “business as usual” scenario, which can be used for a comparison with the suggested new policy in-strument. First, the in-depth analysis for both, the analysis of the status quo as well as the assessment of the policy instrument, consists of an analysis of the current state of the art based on a literature re-view. Secondly, the economic effects of the instrument are simulated with the micro-economic model IZAΨMOD. This method was applied in five case studies. The instruments examined are: 1) Abolishment of the commuting allowance, 2) A revision of the speed limits on highways, country roads, and in built-up areas, 3) Incentives for promoting energy-focused building refurbishment, 4) A replacement program for cooling appliances in combination with a counselling programme on household energy saving, and 5) a modification of the taxation of the private use of company cars.
Additional file 1: of Gut derived-endotoxin contributes to inflammation in severe ischemic acute kidney injury
Creators: name: Li, Jiangtao
name: Moturi, Krishna
name: Wang, Lirui
name: Zhang, Kun
name: Yu, Chen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology

description: Uncropped Western blots: kidneys TLR4/GAPDH. (PDF 253 kb)
Bottom-up Acceleration of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays in the Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Mbarek, Rostom
name: Caprioli, Damiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been proposed that Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) up to $10^{20}$eV could be produced in the relativistic jets of powerful Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) via a one-shot reacceleration of lower-energy CRs produced in supernova remnants (the $\textit{espresso}$ mechanism). We test this theory by propagating particles in realistic 3D magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of ultra-relativistic jets and find that about $10\%$ of the CRs entering the jet are boosted by at least a factor of $\simΓ^2$ in energy, where $Γ$ is the jet's effective Lorentz factor, in agreement with the analytical expectations. Furthermore, about $0.1\%$ of the CRs undergo two or more shots and achieve boosts well in excess of $Γ^2$. Particles are typically accelerated up to the Hillas limit, suggesting that the $\textit{espresso}$ mechanism may promote galactic-like CRs to UHECRs even in AGN jets with moderate Lorentz factors, and not in powerful blazars only. Finally, we find that the sign of the toroidal magnetic field in the jet and in the cocoon controls the angular distribution of the reaccelerated particles, leading to a UHECR emission that may be either quasi-isotropic or beamed along the jet axis. These findings strongly support the idea that $\textit{espresso}$ acceleration in AGN jets can account for the UHECR spectra, chemical composition, and arrival directions measured by Auger and Telescope Array.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures
Spanning Trees on Hypercubic Lattices and Non-orientable Surfaces
Creators: name: Tzeng, W. -J.
name: Wu, F. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the problem of enumerating spanning trees on lattices. Closed-form expressions are obtained for the spanning tree generating function for a hypercubic lattice of size N_1 x N_2 x...x N_d in d dimensions under free, periodic, and a combination of free and periodic boundary conditions. Results are also obtained for a simple quartic net embedded on two non-orientable surfaces, a Moebius strip and the Klein bottle. Our results are based on the use of a formula expressing the spanning tree generating function in terms of the eigenvalues of an associated tree matrix. An elementary derivation of this formula is given.
description: latex, 9 pages, no figures, to appear in Lett. Appl. Math
Machine Learning-Based Delay-Aware UAV Detection and Operation Mode Identification over Encrypted Wi-Fi Traffic
Creators: name: Alipour-Fanid, Amir
name: Dabaghchian, Monireh
name: Wang, Ning
name: Wang, Pu
name: Zhao, Liang
name: Zeng, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The consumer UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) market has grown significantly over the past few years. Despite its huge potential in spurring economic growth by supporting various applications, the increase of consumer UAVs poses potential risks to public security and personal privacy. To minimize the risks, efficiently detecting and identifying invading UAVs is in urgent need for both invasion detection and forensics purposes. Given the fact that consumer UAVs are usually used in a civilian environment, existing physical detection methods (such as radar, vision, and sound) may become ineffective in many scenarios. Aiming to complement the existing physical detection mechanisms, we propose a machine learning-based framework for fast UAV identification over encrypted Wi-Fi traffic. It is motivated by the observation that many consumer UAVs use Wi-Fi links for control and video streaming. The proposed framework extracts features derived only from packet size and inter-arrival time of encrypted Wi-Fi traffic, and can efficiently detect UAVs and identify their operation modes. In order to reduce the online identification time, our framework adopts a re-weighted $\ell_1$-norm regularization, which considers the number of samples and computation cost of different features. This framework jointly optimizes feature selection and prediction performance in a unified objective function. To tackle the packet inter-arrival time uncertainty when optimizing the trade-off between the detection accuracy and delay, we utilize Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method to estimate the packet inter-arrival time. We collect a large number of real-world Wi-Fi data traffic of eight types of consumer UAVs and conduct extensive evaluation on the performance of our proposed method.
Reduction of the $^{17}$O Knight shift in the Superconducting State and the Heat-up Effect by NMR Pulses on Sr$_2$RuO$_4$
Creators: name: Ishida, Kenji
name: Manago, Masahiro
name: Maeno, Yoshiteru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quite recently, a pronounced drop of $^{17}$O NMR Knight shift in the superconducting (SC) state of an unstrained Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ was reported by Pustogow and Luo ${\it et al.}$ They revealed such behavior from the free-induction decay (FID) signal after a weak RF pulse. We examined this behavior with our single-crystalline Sr$_2$RuO$_4$, and reproduced their result: the peaks of the $^{17}$O-NMR spectra shift in the SC state as long as the RF-pulse power is smaller than a threshold. Furthermore, we measured the temperature variation of the Knight shift by a standard spin-echo method with small-power RF pulses, and found that the spin susceptibility decreases in the SC state. We conclude that our previous results of the invariance of the Knight shift in the SC state were due to instantaneous destruction of superconductivity by the RF pulses. The heat-up effect was characterized by the temperature variation of the Knight shift under various measurement conditions.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Supplementary Table S7 for Expression Level Dominance and Homeolog Expression Bias in Recurrent Origins of the Allopolyploid Fern Polypodium hesperium
Creators: name: Sigel, Erin
name: Der, Joshua
name: Windham, Michael
name: Pryer, Kathleen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Botany
subject: 60405 Gene Expression (incl. Microarray and other genome-wide approaches)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Table S7. Results of likelihood ratio tests for homeolog expression bias for 1073 genes in Polypodium hesperium Hg.
title: Zinsbereinigte Besteuerung und Verlustvortrag
title: eine Mikrosimulation für deutsche Kapitalgesellschaften
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Wagner, Julia
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::336 Öffentliche Finanzen

description: Im gegenwärtigen deutschen Steuersystem erfolgt insbesondere die Besteuerung von Kapitalgesellschaften weder finanzierungs- noch investitionsneutral. Mit Anwendung einer zinsbereinigten Besteuerung und der steuerlichen Abzugsfähigkeit kalkulatorischer Grund-/Eigenkapitalzinsen auf Unternehmensebene lässt sich grundsätzlich die Eigenkapital-diskriminierung beheben und insbesondere Finanzierungsneutralität herstellen. Gleichwohl führt eine Implementierung durch die Verschmälerung der Bemessungsgrundlage zu einem Rückgang des Steueraufkommens. Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert die potentiellen Auf-kommenswirkungen zweier Reformkonzepte der Zinsbereinigung in Verbindung mit strengen und mit großzügigen Verlustverrechnungsszenarien in einer statischen Mikrosimulation auf Basis eines Panels handelsrechtlicher Jahresabschlussdaten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass beide Ausgestaltungsalternativen zu deutlich geringeren Aufkommensverlusten führen, als bisher vom Gesetzgeber angenommen wurde, und dass vor allem auch kleine Unternehmen profitie-ren würden. Die Variation in der Verlustverrechnung und der Gewinnsteuersatz sind Stell-schrauben, um ggf. Aufkommensneutralität herzustellen. Nahezu Aufkommensgleichheit wä-re bei Grundkapitalverzinsung und Beibehaltung der Mindestbesteuerung zu erreichen. Da mit Zinsbereinigung die Verlustvortragsbestände leicht ansteigen würden, würde eine Verlustkap-pung die aktuelle Lage der hohen Bestände von Kapitalgesellschaften entschärfen und diese um knapp die Hälfte gegenüber dem Referenzrechtsstand reduzieren.
Quark-hadron duality in electron-pion scattering
Creators: name: Melnitchouk, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the relationship between exclusive and inclusive electromagnetic scattering from the pion, focusing on the transition region at intermediate Q^2. Combining Drell-Yan data on the leading twist quark distribution in the pion with a model for the resonance region at large x, we calculate QCD moments of the pion structure function over a range of Q^2, and quantify the role of higher twist corrections. Using a parameterization of the pion elastic form factor and phenomenological models for the pi -> rho transition form factor, we further test the extent to which local duality may be valid for the pion.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Eur. J. Phys. A
Classical Supersymmetric Mechanics
Creators: name: Heumann, R.
name: Manton, N. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse a supersymmetric mechanical model derived from (1+1)-dimensional field theory with Yukawa interaction, assuming that all physical variables take their values in a Grassmann algebra B. Utilizing the symmetries of the model we demonstrate how for a certain class of potentials the equations of motion can be solved completely for any B. In a second approach we suppose that the Grassmann algebra is finitely generated, decompose the dynamical variables into real components and devise a layer-by-layer strategy to solve the equations of motion for arbitrary potential. We examine the possible types of motion for both bosonic and fermionic quantities and show how symmetries relate the former to the latter in a geometrical way. In particular, we investigate oscillatory motion, applying results of Floquet theory, in order to elucidate the role that energy variations of the lower order quantities play in determining the quantities of higher order in B.
description: 29 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Annals of Physics
Deep Learning Enables Automatic Detection and Segmentation of Brain Metastases on Multi-Sequence MRI
Creators: name: Grøvik, Endre
name: Yi, Darvin
name: Iv, Michael
name: Tong, Elisabeth
name: Rubin, Daniel L.
name: Zaharchuk, Greg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Detecting and segmenting brain metastases is a tedious and time-consuming task for many radiologists, particularly with the growing use of multi-sequence 3D imaging. This study demonstrates automated detection and segmentation of brain metastases on multi-sequence MRI using a deep learning approach based on a fully convolution neural network (CNN). In this retrospective study, a total of 156 patients with brain metastases from several primary cancers were included. Pre-therapy MR images (1.5T and 3T) included pre- and post-gadolinium T1-weighted 3D fast spin echo, post-gadolinium T1-weighted 3D axial IR-prepped FSPGR, and 3D fluid attenuated inversion recovery. The ground truth was established by manual delineation by two experienced neuroradiologists. CNN training/development was performed using 100 and 5 patients, respectively, with a 2.5D network based on a GoogLeNet architecture. The results were evaluated in 51 patients, equally separated into those with few (1-3), multiple (4-10), and many (>10) lesions. Network performance was evaluated using precision, recall, Dice/F1 score, and ROC-curve statistics. For an optimal probability threshold, detection and segmentation performance was assessed on a per metastasis basis. The area under the ROC-curve (AUC), averaged across all patients, was 0.98. The AUC in the subgroups was 0.99, 0.97, and 0.97 for patients having 1-3, 4-10, and >10 metastases, respectively. Using an average optimal probability threshold determined by the development set, precision, recall, and Dice-score were 0.79, 0.53, and 0.79, respectively. At the same probability threshold, the network showed an average false positive rate of 8.3/patient (no lesion-size limit) and 3.4/patient (10 mm3 lesion size limit). In conclusion, a deep learning approach using multi-sequence MRI can aid in the detection and segmentation of brain metastases.
High-speed in vitro intensity diffraction tomography
Creators: name: Li, Jiaji
name: Matlock, Alex
name: Li, Yunzhe
name: Chen, Qian
name: Zuo, Chao
name: Tian, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a label-free, scan-free {\it intensity} diffraction tomography technique utilizing annular illumination (aIDT) to rapidly characterize large-volume 3D refractive index distributions in vitro. By optimally matching the illumination geometry to the microscope pupil, our technique reduces the data requirement by 60$\times$ to achieve high-speed 10 Hz volume rates. Using 8 intensity images, we recover $\sim350\times100\times20μ$m$^3$ volumes with near diffraction-limited lateral resolution of 487 nm and axial resolution of 3.4 $μ$m. Our technique's large volume rate and high resolution enables 3D quantitative phase imaging of complex living biological samples across multiple length scales. We demonstrate aIDT's capabilities on unicellular diatom microalgae, epithelial buccal cell clusters with native bacteria, and live \emph{Caenorhabditis elegans} specimens. Within these samples, we recover macro-scale cellular structures, subcellular organelles, and dynamic micro-organism tissues with minimal motion artifacts. Quantifying such features has significant utility in oncology, immunology, and cellular pathophysiology, where these morphological features are evaluated for changes in the presence of disease, parasites, and new drug treatments. Finally, we simulate our aIDT system to highlight the accuracy and sensitivity of our technique. aIDT shows promise as a powerful high-speed, label-free computational microscopy technique applications where natural imaging is required to evaluate environmental effects on a sample in real-time. We provide example datasets and an open source implementation of aIDT at \href{https://github.com/bu-cisl/IDT-using-Annular-Illumination}{https://github.com/bu-cisl/IDT-using-Annular-Illumination}.
Astro Particle Physics from Space
Creators: name: Battiston, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review how some open issues on Astro Particle physics can be studied by space born experiments in a complementary way to what is being done at underground and accelerators facilities
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, Invited Talk at the ESO-CERN-ESA Symposium on Astronomy, Cosmology and Fundamental Physics, March 4-7 2002, Garching, Germany
Cecco vs. Dante: Correcting the Comedy with Applied Astrology
Creators: Fabian, Seth
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Comparative literature
Literature, Medieval
Italian poetry
Astrology in literature

description: Cecco d'Ascoli (1269?-1327), was burned at the stake in Florence as a heretic on 16 September, 1327. The Inquisitor also set aflame his texts: a Latin textbook on astronomy and Acerba, a 4867 verse "scientific epic" written in his particular Italian vernacular. The Inquisitor also banned the possession of either text on pain of excommunication. Despite the ban, the texts survived and even flourished. However, Acerba never engaged the public to the extent that the tragedy suffered by the text's author has. For almost seven hundred years, this "anti-Comedy" has gone largely uninterrupted due to the difficulty of the language, an enigmatic hybrid of several vernaculars, and due to the difficulty of the content, technical medieval science written in verse by an author habituated to syncopating his arguments for a university audience familiar with the material. In this dissertation, I provide a reading of the two most difficult chapters, Acerba I.i and I.ii, where Cecco sets forth his system of "applied astrology" that serves as a General Unifying Theorem to explain all phenomena in the cosmos.
      In Acerba, Cecco presents a cosmos bound tightly together by principles of interactions that I term "applied astrology", his Grand Unifying Theorem that unites God, angels and humanity. Just as twentieth and now twenty-first century physics tries to find a "Theory of Everything" that can account for both quantum mechanics and general relativity, theories that seem mutually exclusive, Cecco's intellectual goal was to unite a theory of causative astral influences and independent human intellects. The crux of the problem is this: if we believe that astral influences alter earthly life, how can we claim that we, as humans, are independent agents? Cecco wants to account for astral influences, which he sees as a link between man and God, and save free will, and this forms the base of his ethical theories expounded throughout Acerba but especially in Acerba I.i and I.ii. These chapters are thus key to understanding the entire work.
      To arrive at an understanding Acerba requires a summation of Cecco's life, an understanding of the intellectual and cultural stakes in his work and a thorough knowledge of his scholastic commentaries in Latin. These, written specifically to make medieval astronomy comprehensible to fourteenth-century undergraduates, are a clear prose exposition of the same "system of everything" that he sets out in Acerba. Before I approach the poem, I will review the content of his Latin prose. Once the basic features of his applied-astrological system are understood, we will then be in a position to understand this notoriously difficult text and examine the merits of Cecco's solution to the problem of free will and material determinism.
Monocular Measurement of the Spectrum of UHE Cosmic Rays by the FADC Detector of the HiRes Experiment
Creators: name: S Eye Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the spectrum of UHE cosmic rays using the Flash ADC (FADC) detector (called HiRes-II) of the High Resolution Fly's Eye experiment running in monocular mode. We describe in detail the data analysis, development of the Monte Carlo simulation program, and results. We also describe the results of the HiRes-I detector. We present our measured spectra and compare them with a model incorporating galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays. Our combined spectra provide strong evidence for the existence of the spectral feature known as the ``ankle.''
description: 25 pages, 16 figures. Accepted by Astroparticle Physics, accepted version
Establishing a New Technique for Discovering Large-Scale Structure Using the ORELSE Survey
Creators: name: Hung, D.
name: Lemaux, B. C.
name: Gal, R. R.
name: Tomczak, A. R.
name: Lubin, L. M.
name: Cucciati, O.
name: Pelliccia, D.
name: Shen, L.
name: Fèvre, O. Le
name: Wu, P-F.
name: Kocevski, D. D.
name: Mei, S.
name: Squires, G. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Observations of Redshift Evolution in Large Scale Environments (ORELSE) survey is an ongoing imaging and spectroscopic campaign initially designed to study the effects of environment on galaxy evolution in high-redshift ($z\sim1$) large-scale structures. We use its rich data in combination with a powerful new technique, Voronoi tessellation Monte-Carlo (VMC) mapping, to search for serendipitous galaxy overdensities at $0.55 < z < 1.37$ within 15 ORELSE fields, a combined spectroscopic footprint of $\sim$1.4 square degrees. Through extensive tests with both observational data and our own mock galaxy catalogs, we optimize the method's many free parameters to maximize its efficacy for general overdensity searches. Our overdensity search yielded 402 new overdensity candidates with precisely measured redshifts and an unprecedented sensitivity down to low total overdensity masses ($\mathcal{M}_{tot} \gtrsim 5\times 10^{13} M_{\odot}$). Using the mock catalogs, we estimated the purity and completeness of our overdensity catalog as a function of redshift, total mass, and spectroscopic redshift fraction, finding impressive levels of both 0.92/0.83 and 0.60/0.49 for purity/completeness at $z=0.8$ and $z=1.2$, respectively, for all overdensity masses at spectroscopic fractions of $\sim$20%. With VMC mapping, we are able to measure precise systemic redshifts, provide an estimate of the total gravitating mass, and maintain high levels of purity and completeness at $z\sim1$ even with only moderate levels of spectroscopy. Other methods (e.g., red-sequence overdensities and hot medium reliant detections) begin to fail at similar redshifts, which attests to VMC mapping's potential to be a powerful tool for current and future wide-field galaxy evolution surveys at $z\sim1$ and beyond.
description: 39 pages, 18 figures, 6 tables, accepted by MNRAS
Finite Group Modular Data
Creators: name: Coste, A.
name: Gannon, T.
name: Ruelle, Ph.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In a remarkable variety of contexts appears the modular data associated to finite groups. And yet, compared to the well-understood affine algebra modular data, the general properties of this finite group modular data has been poorly explored. In this paper we undergo such a study. We identify some senses in which the finite group data is similar to, and different from, the affine data. We also consider the data arising from a cohomological twist, and write down, explicitly in terms of quantities associated directly with the finite group, the modular S and T matrices for a general twist, for what appears to be the first time in print.
description: 38 pp, latex; 5 references added, "questions" section touched-up
On the representations of the infinite symmetric group
Creators: name: Okounkov, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We classify all irreducible admissible representations of three Olshanski pairs connected to the infinite symmetric group. In particular, our methods yield two simple proofs of the classical Thoma's description of the characters of the infinite symmetric group. Also, we discuss a certain operation called mixture of representations which provides a uniform construction of all irreducible admissible representations.
description: My PhD thesis (1995). AMS TeX, 50 pages, 9 eps figures
Siamese Attentional Keypoint Network for High Performance Visual Tracking
Creators: name: Gao, Peng
name: Yuan, Ruyue
name: Wang, Fei
name: Xiao, Liyi
name: Fujita, Hamido
name: Zhang, Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the impacts of three main aspects of visual tracking, i.e., the backbone network, the attentional mechanism, and the detection component, and propose a Siamese Attentional Keypoint Network, dubbed SATIN, for efficient tracking and accurate localization. Firstly, a new Siamese lightweight hourglass network is specially designed for visual tracking. It takes advantage of the benefits of the repeated bottom-up and top-down inference to capture more global and local contextual information at multiple scales. Secondly, a novel cross-attentional module is utilized to leverage both channel-wise and spatial intermediate attentional information, which can enhance both discriminative and localization capabilities of feature maps. Thirdly, a keypoints detection approach is invented to trace any target object by detecting the top-left corner point, the centroid point, and the bottom-right corner point of its bounding box. Therefore, our SATIN tracker not only has a strong capability to learn more effective object representations, but also is computational and memory storage efficiency, either during the training or testing stages. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to propose this approach. Without bells and whistles, experimental results demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on several recent benchmark datasets, at a speed far exceeding 27 frames per second.
description: Accepted by Knowledge-Based SYSTEMS
Corynoptera WINNERTZ 1867
Creators: name: Menzel, Frank
name: Smith, Jane E.
name: Chandler, Peter J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sciaridae
Corynoptera

description: CORYNOPTERA VAGULA TUOMIKOSKI, 1960
 Literature: Menzel (1998): 21; Withers (2002): 114.
 Material examined: Aberithon Turbary, Powys, 1 male, 3.vii.1989, Holmes, Boyce & Reed leg. (PPWM). Annahala bog, Gearagh, Cork, 1 male, 29.iv.1990, de Courcy Williams leg. (DEI). Brandon Marsh, Rytonon-Dunsmore, Coventry, West Midlands, 1 male, 11.x.2001, Chandler leg. (HRI). Comin Esgair Maen, Ceredigion, 2 males, 23.vii.1987, Holmes, Boyce & Reed leg. (PPWM). Cors Bodeilio, Isle of Anglesey, 1 male, 13.vii.1988, Holmes, Boyce & Reed leg. (PPWM). Cors Caranod, Ceredigion, 1 male, 24.ix.1986, Holmes, Boyce & Reed leg. (PBLN). Cors Clegyrog, Isle of Anglesey, 1 male, 27.vii.1988; 1 male, 6.x.1988, all Holmes, Boyce & Reed leg. (PPWM). Cors Goch, Isle of Anglesey, 1 male, 14.vii.1988, Holmes, Boyce & Reed leg. (PPWM). Cors Graianog, Gwynedd, 3 males, 15.vii.1988; 1 male, 28.vii.1988; 2 males, 7.x.1988, all Holmes, Boyce & Reed leg. (PPWM). Cors Gyfelog, Gwynedd, 2 males, 26.vii.1988, Holmes, Boyce & Reed leg. (PPWM). Cwm Crafnant, Gwynedd, 1 male, 20.vii.1988, Holmes, Boyce & Reed leg. (PPWM). Gors Llwyn, Neath / Port Talbot, 1 male, 28.vi.1989, Holmes, Boyce & Reed leg. (PPWM). Killaun Bog, Offaly, 2 males, ix.2000, Withers leg. (PPWM). Llyn Coethlyn, Powys, 2 males, 1.viii.1988, Holmes, Boyce & Reed leg. (PPWM). Llyn Tyn y Mynydd, Gwynedd, 1 male, 18.viii.1988, Holmes, Boyce & Reed leg. (PPWM). Llyn Ystumllyn, Gwynedd, 1 male, 26.vii.1988; 2 males, 19.x.1988, all Holmes, Boyce & Reed leg. (PPWM). Newbridge Fen, Kildare, 1 male, 27.vi.2002, Withers leg. (PPWM). Oxwich, Swansea / Abertawe, 1 male, 4.x.1989, Holmes, Boyce & Reed leg. (PPWM). Rhôs Rydd, Ceredigion, 1 male, 8.x.1987, Holmes, Boyce & Reed leg. (PPWM). Rhôs-y-gad, Isle of Anglesey, 4 males, 5.x.1988, Holmes, Boyce & Reed leg. (PPWM). Strumpshaw, Norfolk, 1 male, 13.vi.−11.vii.1988, Foster & Procter leg. (PBLN). Welsh Moor, Swansea / Abertawe, 1 male, 12.vii.1989, Holmes, Boyce & Reed leg. (PPWM). Ynys Uchaf, Carmarthen, 2 males, 3.x.1989, Holmes, Boyce & Reed leg. (PPWM).
 Ecological notes: found in carr woodland; humid and wet heathland; common in all types of fen and bog, basin and ombrotrophic mires; Cladium beds with tufa; former gravel workings. iv, vi–x.
description: Published as part of Menzel, Frank, Smith, Jane E. & Chandler, Peter J., 2006, The sciarid fauna of the British Isles (Diptera: Sciaridae), including descriptions of six new species, pp. 1-147 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 146 (1) on page 85, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00190.x, http://zenodo.org/record/5435693
Supplementary Table S6 for Expression Level Dominance and Homeolog Expression Bias in Recurrent Origins of the Allopolyploid Fern Polypodium hesperium
Creators: name: Sigel, Erin
name: Der, Joshua
name: Windham, Michael
name: Pryer, Kathleen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Botany
subject: 60405 Gene Expression (incl. Microarray and other genome-wide approaches)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Table S6. Results of likelihood ratio tests for homeolog expression bias for 1073 genes in Polypodium hesperium Ha.
Twisted Representations of Algebra of $q$-Difference Operators, Twisted $q$-$W$ Algebras and Conformal Blocks
Creators: name: Bershtein, Mikhail
name: Gonin, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study certain representations of quantum toroidal $\mathfrak{gl}_1$ algebra for $q=t$. We construct explicit bosonization of the Fock modules $\mathcal{F}_u^{(n',n)}$ with a nontrivial slope $n'/n$. As a vector space, it is naturally identified with the basic level 1 representation of affine $\mathfrak{gl}_n$. We also study twisted $W$-algebras of $\mathfrak{sl}_n$ acting on these Fock modules. As an application, we prove the relation on $q$-deformed conformal blocks which was conjectured in the study of $q$-deformation of isomonodromy/CFT correspondence.
Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.7 ppm
Creators: name: Bennett, G. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A higher precision measurement of the anomalous g value, a_mu = (g-2)/2, for the positive muon has been made at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron, based on data collected in the year 2000. The result a_{mu^+} = 11 659 204(7)(5) times 10^{-10} (0.7 ppm) is in good agreement with previous measurements and has an error about one half that of the combined previous data. The present world average experimental value is a_mu(exp) = 11 659 203(8) times 10^{-10} (0.7 ppm).
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. submitted to Physical Review Letters. as accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters. As accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters