Parena (Parena) latecincta
Creators: name: Shi, Hongliang
name: Liang, Hongbin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Parena
Parena latecincta

description: [33] Parena (Parena) latecincta (Bates, 1873)
Habitus: Fig. 66. Male genitalia: Figs 67, 68. Gonocoxites of ovipositor: Fig. 11R.
Bates, 1873: 315 (Original: Crossoglossa; type locality: Japan, Hiogo; lectotype in MNHN); Bates, 1889: 283 (Crossoglossa); Jacobson, 1908: 403 (Crossoglossa); Andrewes, 1921: 179 (misidentification of Parena nigrolineata); Kano, 1930: 30 (Crossoglossa; misspelled as laticincta; Taiwan); Jedlička, 1963: 441 (misidentification of Parena nigrolineata); Habu, 1967: 155; Habu, 1982: 112; Lafer, 1989: 211 (Russia: Far East); Xie & Yu, 1993: 189 (China: Hebei, Shandong, Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan); Kryzhanovskij et al. 1995: 162 (Russia: Far East); Park & Kwon, 1998: 36 (South Korea); Kirschenhofer, 2006: 88 (misidentification of Parena nigrolineata); Aston, 2016: 237 (Hong Kong).
Crossoglossa viridilineata Jedlička, 1939: 7 (type locality: Japan, Osaka; holotype in NMPC); Jedlička, 1946: 9; Jedlička, 1963: 441; Habu, 1967: 155 (synonymized with Parena latecincta).
Type material examined. Crossoglossa latecincta Bates: Lectotype (MNHN, Fig. 66A), designated herein: female, body length = 10.4 mm, pin mounted, " Hiogo ", "Ex Musaeo / H.W. Bates / 1892", "MUSEUM PARIS / 1952 / Coll. R. OBERTHUR", " LECTOTYPE / Crossoglossa latecincta / Bates, 1873 / des. SHI HL. 2011" [red label].
Parena viridilineata Jedlička: Holotype (NMPC, Fig. 66B): female, body length = 8.9 mm, board mounted, " OSAKA NIPON / Japan. 1936 / H. Jamamoto ", "TYPUS"[red label]; " Crossoglossa / viridilineata / sp. n. / DET. ING. JEDLIČKA"[pink label]. Paratype (NMPC): 1 female, "Osaka Nipon, Japan. 1936, H. Jamamoto ", "Cotype"[red label]; " viridilineata, sp. n., det. Ing. Jedlička "[pink label].
Notes on types and synonyms. Crossoglossa latecincta Bates: The original description did not indicate how many specimens were in the type series but mentioned three type localities: "Hiogo", "Yokohama" and " Hong Kong ". In the collection of MNHN, we found two specimens that used to be in Bates's collection in accord with the type localities. However, they belong to different species: the first one (male from Yokohama, Fig. 56C) is P. nigrolineta and the second one (female from Hiogo, Fig. 66A) accords with P. latecincta sensu Habu (1967) and P. viridilineata Jedlička. Bates's brief original description accords with both species. Because Habu (1967) provided an ample description and illustrations for P. latecincta, and his concept was followed by several essential literature (e.g., Kryzhanovskij et al. 1995, L̂bl & Smetana, 2003), we herein designate the female from Hiogo as lectotype of Crossoglossa latecincta Bates for the purpose of taxonomical stability. Hereafter, P. latecincta (Bates) is fixed as a valid species name, and P. viridilineata Jedlička as its junior synonym.
There are two other specimens in the collection of MNHN also labeled as type of this species: the first from the Bates collection labeled "Kiu-Kiang" and the second from the Chaudoir collection labeled " Japan, G. Lewis ". They are not in accord with the original description and do not belong to the type series. In the collection of NHML, we examined three specimens labeled as type of Crossoglossa latecincta, all from G. Lewis's collection and not in accord with the type localities. Thus, they also are not part of the type series.. The above five " types " are all identical to P. nigrolineata. Several authors (Andrewes, 1921; Jedlička, 1963; Kirschenhofer, 2006) treated P. latecincta as junior synonym of P. nigrolineata. Their decisions might all be based on these "false" types of P. latecincta in the collection of NHML.
Non-type material examined. Japan: 1 ex (MNHN), "Museum Paris JAPON, KOFOU, L. DROUARD DE LEZEY 1906". Korea: 1 male (MNHN), "Coree, Mirinai, Chass. indigenes". China: 1 male (IZAS), "Beijing, Xiangshan, 1957.IX.13, Guan Zhihe lgt.". 1 male (IZAS), "Beijing, Xiangshan, 1957.IX.13, Yang Chikun lgt.". 1 male (IZAS), "Beijing, Mentougou, 1960.IX". 1 female (IZAS), "Peiping, 1935.IX.4 ". 1 female (IZAS), "Beijing Agriculture University, light trap, 1962.VIII.1, Yang Chikun lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), "Beijing, Shangfangshan, 400 m, 1961.VII.17, Wang Shuyong lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), "Beijing, Haidian, Baiwangshan, 2009.VI.20, Shi Hongliang, Yang Ganyan lgt." <Fig. 66C>. 1 female (IZAS), "Shandong, Tai’an, Yaoxiang, 700 m, 1979.VI.9, Wang Shuyong lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), "Jinan, Long-tong, 500-700 m ". 1 female (IZAS), "Henan, Songxian, Shaolinsi, 800 m, 2002.VII.16, Li Wenzhu lgt.". 1 female (HBUM), "Henan, Luoshan, Dongzhai nat. res., 2005.VII.14-15, Gao Chao, Wang Jiliang lgt.". 1 male (IZAS), "Henan, Xinyang, Shangcheng county, Huangbaishan, Yunxianju Hotel, N31. 3933 E115.3169 743 m, 2020.VII.13 D2, along road, Zhu Pingzhou lgt.". 1 male (IZAS), "Henan, Neixiang county, Funiushan, Baotianman, Wudaohe, N32.5039 E111.8759, 695 m, 2020.VII.31 D2, along road, Zhu Pingzhou lgt.". 1 female (HBUM), "Shaanxi, Langao county, Minzhu, 2003.VII.4, Yuan Caixia, Liu Yushuang lgt.". 1 male (IZAS), "Shaanxi, Baihe, 1980.VIII, Tang Guohuan lgt.". 1 female (HBUM), "Shaanxi, Ziyang county, Maoba, 2003.VII.8, Yuan Caixia, Liu Yushuang lgt.". 1 male (IZAS), "Anhui, Yuexi, Baojia township, Meili village, N31.0362 E116.0960, 770 m, 2021.9.18 N, Liang HB, Xu Yuan lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), "Anhui, Huangshan, 2008. V.20, Yang Zaihua lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), "Zhejiang, Lin’an, W. Tianmushan, 300-400 m, light trap, N30°19’ E119°27’, 2006.08.19, Shi Hongliang lgt." <Figs 2B, 3B>. 1 male (IZAS), "Zhejiang, Taishun, Wuyanling, 800 m, light trap, 2005.VII.28-29, Liu Ye lgt.". 1 male (IZAS), "Zhejiang, Lin’an, 1978.VIII.25, Chen Qihu lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), "Tienmushan, 1936.VI.6 ". 1 female (IZAS), "Fujian, Jianyang, Huangkeng, 300-320 m, 1960.III.29, Pu Fuji lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Fujian, Jianyang, Huangkeng, Xianfengling, 1190 m, light trap, 2004.VIII.18, Zhou Dakang". 1 ex (HBUM), "Hunan, Shimen, Hupingshan, 2004.VIII.17-20, Wang Jiliang, Wang Jianfeng lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), "Sichuan, Emeishan, Qingyinge, 800-1000 m, 1957.VI.29, Huang Keren lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Sichuan, btw. Detuo-Moxi, on flower of Castanea, 2009.5.20, Yang Ganyan, Wang Zhiliang lgt. ". 1 female (HBUM), "Chongqing, Chengkou, Xiuqi, 2003.VII.13, Yuan Caixia, Liu Yushuang lgt.". 1 ex (ZWWC), "Chongqing Nanshan, 2006.V.7, Zhang Weiwei lgt.". 1 ex (ZWWC), "Chongqing, Jiangjin, Simianshan, 2006.VII.1, Zhang Weiwei lgt.". 1 male, 1 female (IZAS), "Chongqing, Beibei, Jinyunshan, 2006.VII.28 " <Fig. 67A>. 1 male (IZAS), "Guizhou, Fanjingshan, 490 m, light trap, 2001.VIII.5, Liang Hongbin lgt.". 1 male (IZAS), "Guizhou, Fanjingshan, Huguosi, 2008.VII.17, Liu Ye lgt.". 1 female (CCCC), "Guizhou, Fanjingshan, 1775 m, 2008.VII.9 N, Lin Wenhsin lgt." <Fig. 11R>. 1 male (IZAS), "Yunnan, Fugong county, Pihe, Jiajiu, Bacunhe, N26.54784°, E98.89535°, 1115 m, 2004.IV.29, D. Kavanaugh, C. Griswold lgt." <Fig. 10I>. 1 female (CAS), "Yunnan, Tengchong county, Qushi, Xiangyangqiao, N25.21221°, E98.57836°, 1500 m, 2006.VI.4, D. Kavanaugh, R. Brett lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), "Kunming, Xishan, 1942.V.4 " <Fig. 3F>. 1 female (CCCC), "Yunnan, Mengla couty, Menglun 55km, 703 m, Yang Xiaodong leg, 2013. X-9 ". 2 females (CCCC), "Yunnan, Fengqing county, Dazhai, Bangmai vill., 2012.V.24, Yang Xiaodong leg". 1 ex (NHMB), "Yunnan 2000 m, 25.03 N 101.55 E, Yipinglang 8-10/6., Vit Kuban leg. 1993". 1 ex (MNHN), "Yunnan-Sen Yunnan". " Parena nigrolineata var. Chd., val. sp.2, H.E. Andrewes det.". 1 male (CCCC), "Taiwan, Chen Changchin lgt." <Fig. 67B>. 1 male (CCCC), "Taipei, Beitou, 1994.10.12, Chen Changchin lgt.". 1 ex (MNHN), "Chine Ho Chan", "MUSEUM PARIS EX Coll. M. MAINDRON, Coll. G. BABAULT, 1930". Vietnam: 1 ex (MNHN), "SEPT-PAGODES (TONKIN) L. BLAISE", "MUSEUM PARIS, Coll. L. BEDEL, 1922", " Crossoglossa latecincta Bates, M. MAINdron det. 1909". 1 female (NHMB), "N. Vietnam, Tonkin, TAMDAO, pr. Vinhphu 2.- 11.6.1985, Vit. Kuban leg." <Fig. 6G>. Thailand: 1 male (NHMB), "NW Thailand. 8.-17.V.1992. MAE HONG SON, Ban Huai Po 1600 m. S. Bily leg.". Laos: 1 male (NHMB), "LAOS-NE, Xieng Khouang prov., 19°37-8' N 103°20 -1'E, Phonsavan (30 kn NE): Phou Sane Mt., 1400-1700 m, 10.-30.v.2009, D. Hauck leg.", "NHMB Basel, NMPC Prague Laos 2009 Expedition: M. Brancucci, M. Geiser, Z. Kraus, D. Hauck, V. Kuban" <Figs 66D, 68A>. 1 female (NHMB), "LAOS-NE, Houa Phan prov., 20°13'09-19'' N 103°59'54'' - 104°00'03''E, 1480-1550 m, PHOU PANE mt., 1.-16.vi. 2009, Zdenek Kraus leg.", "NHMB Basel, NMPC Prague Laos 2009 Expedition: M. Brancucci, M. Geiser, Z. Kraus, D. Hauck, V. Kuban". India: 1 male (MNHN), "Kurseong R.P. Decoly 1898", "Museum Paris, Coll. R. OBERthur 1952" <Fig. 68B>. Nepal: 1 female (NHMB), "Phulchoki 23.6. 1500 -1700 m", "O Nepal 1980 W. Wittmer". 1 female (NHMB), "Godawari 1500 m 22-25.VI.1983 ", "Nepal Kathmandu V. M. Brancucci" <Fig. 66E>. The Philippines: 1 male (CRS), "Filippine –Mindanao, Bukidnon, V.2013 ". 1 male (CRS), "Filippine Negros oc., Don Salvator, Benedicto II.2018 " <Figs 66F, 68C>. 1 female (CRS), "Filippine Mindanao, Agusan del Norte, Esperanza IX.2014 ". 1 female (CRS), "Filippine –Mindanao, South Catabato, M. Apo IV.2014 ". 1 female (CRS), "Filippine –Mindanao, Bukidnon, Kalatungan V.2014 ".
Comparisons. This species differs from most members of the genus (except for P. circumdata) in having the lateral elytral stripes metallic green. In P. circumdata, the large central brown area of the elytra has a strong metallic purple hue and narrower green lateral stripes, which extend only to interval 7 at middle. Individuals of C. latecincta with very wide green stripes maybe somewhat similar to P. rubripicta, but can be distinguished from the latter species by the absence of suborbital setae.
This species also might be confused with P. nigrolineata, but the elytral lateral stripes have no trace of metallic green in the latter species. We examined one very atypical male specimen of P. latecincta from Taiwan with completely black elytra stripes; but this specimen is different from P. nigrolineata in having the vertex more densely punctate, pronotum more strongly constricted toward the base, male mesotarsomere 1 without adhesive setae, and very different male genitalia.
Description. Body length 7.5–11.4 mm. Dorsum reddish brown to dark brown, elytra with metallic green lateral stripes: middle area brown without metallic hue; green stripes occupy intervals 6 to 8 in most specimens, also intervals 5 and/or 9 in some specimens; lateral stripes continuous or nearly continuous to sutural angles, basally separated or continuous; elytra lateral margins and epipleura usually brown, occasionally green. Antennae brown, apical antennomeres same as or darker than basal ones; mouthparts, legs and venter reddish brown to dark brown, apices of femora same as or darker than base. Vertex distinctly punctate; postgenae without suborbital setae; antennae barely extended to pronotal base; labrum quadrate, apex nearly straight or slightly pointed at middle; mentum with a pair of minute median setae, barely visible in some specimens. Pronotum sub-cordate, PW/PL = 1.28–1.47, usually slightly narrower than head, PW/HW = 0.92–1.04; widest at anterior third, strongly narrowed to base, strongly sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles widely obtuse; disc usually clearly punctate. Elytra slightly dilated to apex, surface with isodiametric microsculpture, faint but at least clearly visible near apices of inner three intervals in most specimens; striae well incised, with fine puncture rows; intervals sparsely punctate; disc with large shallow depressions near basal third of intervals 3 to 6. Males with biseriate adhesive setae on apical half of mesotarsomere 2 and almost full length of mesotarsomere 3. Apex of abdominal sternite VII weakly emarginate in males. Median lobe of aedeagus stout (AL/AW = 3.8–4.5), right margin usually more or less sinuate before apical lamella; apical lamella thick, ovate in dorsal view, LL usually not greater than LW, subuliform in lateral view, apex not bent upward. Endophallus with distinct flared basal expansion of primary sclerite; flagellum extending almost to the base of apical orifice; apical sclerite narrowly V-shaped, well-defined, basal core distinct, ovate, heavily chitinized and scaled; basal sheath coarsely scaled, apical sheath finely scaled, similar size as basal sheath; squamate sac well divided, near middle of median lobe, dorsal or dorsal-right to squamate sheath; distal sac same size as proximal sac, closer to apex. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, slightly longer than width, apex pointed near inner apical angle, with three ensiform setae on inner apical angle, two or three on outer apical angle.
Distribution (Map 11, red). Japan, S. Korea, Russia (Primorye), China (Liaoning, Beijing, Shaanxi, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hunan, Fujian, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Taiwan, Hong Kong), Vietnam (Tonkin), Laos, Thailand, India (Darjeeling), Nepal, the Philippines (Mindanao, Negros).
Geographical variation. The external features of this species vary slightly geographically, mainly in the elytra color pattern. Specimens from most parts of China (except for Yunnan) and Japan have the elytral lateral stripes well separated at the base, only extended medially to intervals 4 or 5 (Fig. 66C). In contrast, most specimens from India, Yunnan and Indochina have the lateral stripes continuous at the base or, in a few specimens, slightly separated (Figs 66D, 66E).
The four examined specimens from the Philippines have an elytra pattern very different from the others: the lateral stripes are cyanic green in color and in sharp contrast with reddish brown disc; the green stripes are widely continuous basally, inner intervals with basal fourth completely green; epipleura and elytra lateral margins metallic green (Fig. 66F). However, one other male from the Philippines has the elytra pattern almost the same as other specimens from Indochina, and its genitalia are the same as the other males with wide lateral stripes. Thus, we conclude that these individuals from the Philippines with the atypical elytra pattern represent only a local form.
In addition, most specimens from western Yunnan, Indochina, India, and Nepal have a darker color (very dark brown) on the head and pronotum. Most specimens from China and Japan have the antennae completely reddish brown, compared with these from other localities, which have the apical antennomeres more or less darkened.
The male genitalia of this species vary only slightly among different localities, mainly in the shape of the apex of the median lobe. In specimens from Japan, Taiwan, and northern China, the apical lamella is very wide in dorsal view, LL much smaller than LW, slightly declined to the left and the right margin of the shaft is gradually sinuate before apex in dorsal view (Fig. 67B). In specimens from most parts of southern China, the apical lamella is narrower in dorsal view, LL equal to LW, slightly declined to left; and the right margin of the shaft is gradually sinuate before apex in dorsal view (Fig. 67A). In specimens from western Yunnan, Indochina and India, the apical lamella is straight, not declined to the left, and the right margin of the shaft has an abrupt small angle before the apex in dorsal view (Figs 68A, 68B). In specimens from the Philippines, the apical lamella is straight, not declined to the left, and the right margin of the shaft is straight, without angle or sinuation before apex in dorsal view (Fig. 68C). The differences in male genitalia between localities seem to be stable, but we tend to treat them all as one species without division into subspecies because there are no stable external differences between them, and the present treatment as one species is corresponding to that in other widely distributed species of the genus.
description: Published as part of Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 5286 (1) on pages 110-115, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958937