cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Delineation of a Quaternary Aquifer Using Integrated Hydrogeological and Geophysical Estimation of Hydraulic Conductivity on the Tibetan Plateau, China
Creators: name: Tran, Tuong Vi
name: Buckel, Johannes
name: Maurischat, Philipp
name: Tang, Handuo
name: Yu, Zhengliang
name: Hördt, Andreas
name: Guggenberger, Georg
name: Zhang, Fan
name: Schwalb, Antje
name: Graf, Thomas
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Tibetan Plateau
subject: hydrostratigraphy
subject: geophysical methods
subject: hydraulic conductivity
subject: groundwater exploration
subject: aquifer
subject: grain size analysis
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::690 | Hausbau, Bauhandwerk

description: Groundwater is the most unexplored element of the hydrologic cycle on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) due to harsh climate conditions. This study aims at delineating and characterizing the unexplored Zhanongtang–Ganmanong aquifer, situated in the Zhagu subcatchment of the Nam Co catchment, south-central TP. Multiple hydrogeophysical and lithological in situ field and laboratory methods are applied: depth-to-water-table measurements, grain size analysis, hydraulic empirical and field methods to estimate hydraulic conductivity (K), and analysis of electrical resistivity tomography profiles. Integration of these methods revealed the existence of a Quaternary hydrostratigraphic unit that was found to be unconsolidated, laterally heterogeneous and homogeneous over depth. The results revealed consistent K ranges of three K zones, which is in accordance with local lithology. The K ranges are applicable to other locations within the Nam Co catchment with similar lithology as in the study area without further field experiments. Permafrost was found to be absent in the study area ranging from 4730 m a.s.l. to 5200 m a.s.l. altitude. These results provide insight into the hydrogeological conditions of the TP and are useful for conceptual and numerical groundwater flow modeling to predict future changes of water fluxes and water budgets caused by climatic change, especially in remote areas.
Lipase-catalyzed chemoselective ester hydrolysis of biomimetically coupled aryls for the synthesis of unsymmetric biphenyl esters
Creators: name: Ehlert, Janna
name: Kronemann, Jenny
name: Zumbrägel, Nadine
name: Preller, Matthias
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI AG
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biocatalysis
subject: Biomimetic synthesis
subject: Biphenyl esters
subject: Chemoselectivity
subject: Lipases
subject: Organic synthesis
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: Lipases are among the most frequently used biocatalysts in organic synthesis, allowing numerous environmentally friendly and inexpensive chemical transformations. Here, we present a biomimetic strategy based on iron(III)-catalyzed oxidative coupling and selective ester monohydrolysis using lipases for the synthesis of unsymmetric biphenyl-based esters under mild conditions. The diverse class of biphenyl esters is of pharmaceutical and technical relevance. We explored the potency of a series of nine different lipases of bacterial, fungal, and mammalian origin on their catalytic activities to cleave biphenyl esters, and optimized the reaction conditions, in terms of reaction time, temperature, pH, organic solvent, and water-organic solvent ratios, to improve the chemoselectivity, and hence control the ratio of unsymmetric versus symmetric products. Elevated temperature and increased DMSO content led to an almost exclusive monohydrolysis by the four lipases Candida rugosa lipase (CRL), Mucor miehei lipase (MML), Rhizopus niveus lipase (RNL), and Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase (PFL). The study was complemented by in silico binding predictions to rationalize the observed differences in effcacies of the lipases to convert biphenyl esters. The optimized reaction conditions were transferred to the preparative scale with high yields, underlining the potential of the presented biomimetic approach as an alternative strategy to the commonly used transition metal-based strategies for the synthesis of diverse biphenyl esters.
Assessing Climate Change Induced Turnover in Bird Communities Using Climatically Analogous Regions
Creators: name: Sybertz, Janine
name: Reich, Michael
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI AG
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: breeding birds
subject: analogous climates
subject: climate change projections
subject: nature conservation
subject: Lüneburg Heath
subject: Lüneburger Heide
subject: Brutvögel
subject: Klimawandel
subject: Klimaänderung
subject: Brutvögel
subject: Lüneburger Heide
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::590 | Tiere (Zoologie)

description: It is crucial to define and quantify possible impacts of climate change on wildlife in order to be able to pre-adapt management strategies for nature conservation. Thus, it is necessary to assess which species might be affected by climatic changes, especially at the regional scale. We present a novel approach to estimate possible climate change induced turnovers in bird communities and apply this method to Lüneburg Heath, a region in northern Germany. By comparing species pools of future climatically analogous regions situated in France with the Lüneburg Heath species pool, we detected possible trends for alterations within the regional bird community in the course of climate change. These analyses showed that the majority of bird species in Lüneburg Heath will probably be able to tolerate the projected future climate conditions, but that bird species richness, in general, may decline. Species that might leave the community were often significantly associated with inland wetland habitats, but the proportion of inland wetlands within the regions had a significant influence on the magnitude of this effect. Our results suggest that conservation efforts in wetlands have to be strengthened in light of climate change because many species are, in principle, able to tolerate future climate conditions if sufficient habitat is available.
New features of ion acoustic waves in inhomogeneous and permeating plasmas
Creators: name: Vranjes, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is generally accepted that the ion acoustic (IA) wave in plasmas containing ions and electrons with the same temperature is of minor importance due to strong damping of the wave by hot resonant ions. In this work it will be shown that the IA wave is susceptible to excitation even in plasmas with hot ions when both an electromagnetic transverse wave and a background density gradient are present in the plasma, and in addition the wave is in fact unstable (i.e., growing) in the case of permeating homogeneous plasmas. The multi-component fluid theory is used to describe the IA wave susceptibility for excitation in inhomogeneous plasmas and its coupling with electromagnetic waves. The growing IA wave in permeating homogeneous plasmas is described by the kinetic theory. In plasmas with density and temperature gradients the IA wave is effectively coupled with the electromagnetic waves. In comparison to ordinary IA wave in homogeneous plasma, the Landau damping of the present wave is much smaller, and to demonstrate this effect a simple but accurate fluid model is presented for the Landau damping. In the case of permeating plasmas, a kinetic mechanism for the current-less IA wave instability is presented, with a very low threshold for excitation as compared with ordinary electron-current-driven kinetic instability. Such growing IA waves can effectively heat plasma in the upper solar atmosphere by a stochastic heating mechanism presented in the work. The results of this work suggest that the IA wave role in the heating of the solar atmosphere (chromosphere and corona) should be reexamined.
Accurate and efficient approximation to the optimized effective potential for exchange
Creators: name: Ryabinkin, Ilya G.
name: Kananenka, Alexei A.
name: Staroverov, Viktor N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We devise an efficient practical method for computing the Kohn-Sham exchange-correlation potential corresponding to a Hartree-Fock electron density. This potential is almost indistinguishable from the exact-exchange optimized effective potential (OEP) and, when used as an approximation to the OEP, is vastly better than all existing models. Using our method one can obtain unambiguous, nearly exact OEPs for any finite one-electron basis set at the same low cost as the Krieger-Li-Iafrate and Becke-Johnson potentials. For all practical purposes, this solves the long-standing problem of black-box construction of OEPs in exact-exchange calculations.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; to appear in Physical Review Letters
Planung(skultur)en zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis [Planning (Cultures) Between Science and Practice]
Creators: name: Zibell, Barbara
Publisher: name: Abingdon : Taylor and Francis Ltd.
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::700 | Künste, Bildende Kunst allgemein::710 | Landschaftsgestaltung, Raumplanung
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::700 | Künste, Bildende Kunst allgemein::720 | Architektur

description: Planning culture is more than planning in terms of the activity performed (planning practice), and it is more than the object of reflection about methods and instruments, systems and institutions of spatial planning (planning theory). Based on current discourse on planning culture(s), the following article reports on experiences with planning cultures in Switzerland and Germany, leading to a position on the additional value of planning culture knowledge for further development of the discipline. In doing so, it becomes apparent that reflecting on planning culture(s) may disrupt academic thinking, resulting in a dichotomy – that is to say, the science of spatial planning on the one hand, planning practice on the other – and open up new horizons towards a contextual understanding of the sphere of spatial planning activity and decision-making. This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in disP - The Planning Review on 2017-01-09, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02513625.2016.1273674.
Incorporating environmental costs of ecosystem service loss in political decision making: A synthesis of monetary values for Germany
Creators: name: Förster, Johannes
name: Schmidt, Stefan
name: Bartkowski, Bartosz
name: Lienhoop, Nele
name: Albert, Christian
name: Wittmer, Heidi
Publisher: name: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Federal Environment Agency
subject: Umweltbundesamt (UBA)
subject: ecosystem service
subject: Germany
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften

description: Germany faces on-going degradation and biodiversity loss. As a consequence, goods and services provided by biodiversity for human well-being, so-called ecosystem services, are being lost. The associated economic costs and benefits are often unknown. To fill this gap, we conducted a literature review and developed a database of monetary values for the changes in ecosystem services that result from ecosystem change in Germany. In total, 109 monetary valuation studies of regulating and cultural ecosystem services were identified, with the majority focusing on forests and wetlands. In collaboration with valuation experts and the German Federal Environment Agency-Umweltbundesamt (UBA), we defined a set of criteria that economic valuation studies should meet in order to qualify for being used in decision making on national policies. Only 6 out of 109 valuation studies (5.5%) fulfilled the quality criteria for informing such decisions. Overall, monetary information on regulating and cultural ecosystem services is scattered and scarce compared to information on provisioning services, which is accounted for in detail in national statistics. This imbalance in information likely contributes to the distortion in land-use policies, giving preference to maximizing provisioning services in agricultural production and forestry, while neglecting the societal relevance of regulating and cultural services. Decision makers have to rely on only a few cost estimates that are scientifically robust, while being pragmatic to include also vague estimates in cases where data is lacking. The transferability of the monetary values included in our database depends on the biophysical and socio-economic site conditions as well as the decision context of the intended application. Case specific adjustments following guidance for benefit transfer are recommended. Given the lack of applicable studies, we call for more decision-relevant economic assessments. Even in cases where monetary estimates are available, we suggest decision makers to consider also other benefit information available to capture the multiple values ecosystems provide to humans.
Distribution of maximum velocities in avalanches near the depinning transition
Creators: name: LeBlanc, Michael
name: Angheluta, Luiza
name: Dahmen, Karin
name: Goldenfeld, Nigel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report exact predictions for universal scaling exponents and scaling functions associated with the distribution of the maximum collective avalanche propagation velocities $v_m$ in the mean field theory of the interface depinning transition. We derive the extreme value distribution $P(v_m|T)$ for the maximum velocities in avalanches of fixed duration $T$, and verify the results by numerical simulation near the critical point. We find that the tail of the distribution of maximum velocity for an arbitrary avalanche duration, $v_m$, scales as $P(v_m)\sim v_m^{-2}$ for large $v_m$. These results account for the observed power-law distribution of the maximum amplitudes in acoustic emission experiments of crystal plasticity, and are also broadly applicable to other systems in the mean-field interface depinning universality class, ranging from magnets to earthquakes.
description: 5 pages
The Brazilian Tunable Filter Imager for the SOAR telescope
Creators: name: de Oliveira, Cláudia Mendes
name: Taylor, Keith
name: Quint, Bruno
name: Andrade, Denis
name: Ferrari, Fabricio
name: Laporte, Rene
name: Ramos, Giseli de A.
name: Guzman, Christian Dani
name: Cavalcanti, Luiz
name: de Calasans, Alvaro
name: Fernandez, Javier Ramirez
name: Castañeda, Edna Carolina Gutierrez
name: Jones, Damien
name: Fontes, Fernando Luis
name: Molina, Ana Maria
name: Fialho, Fábio
name: Plana, Henri
name: Jablonski, Francisco J.
name: Reitano, Luiz
name: Daigle, Olivier
name: Scarano, Sergio
name: Amram, Philippe
name: Balard, Philippe
name: Gach, Jean-Luc
name: Carignan, Claude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a new Tunable Filter Instrument for the SOAR telescope. The Brazilian Tunable Filter Imager (BTFI) is a versatile, new technology, tunable optical imager to be used in seeing-limited mode and at higher spatial fidelity using the SAM Ground-Layer Adaptive Optics facility at the SOAR telescope. The instrument opens important new science capabilities for the SOAR community, from studies of the centers of nearby galaxies and the insterstellar medium to statistical cosmological investigations. The BTFI takes advantage of three new technologies. The imaging Bragg Tunable Filter concept utilizes Volume Phase Holographic Gratings in a double-pass configuration, as a tunable filter, while a new Fabry-Perot (FP) concept involves technologies which allow a single FP etalon to act over a large range of interference orders and spectral resolutions. Both technologies will be in the same instrument. Spectral resolutions spanning the range between 25 and 30,000 can be achieved through the use of iBTF at low resolution and scanning FPs beyond R ~2,000. The third new technologies in BTFI is the use of EMCCDs for rapid and cyclically wavelength scanning thus mitigating the damaging effect of atmospheric variability through data acquisition. An additional important feature of the instrument is that it has two optical channels which allow for the simultaneous recording of the narrow-band, filtered image with the remaining (complementary) broad-band light. This avoids the uncertainties inherent in tunable filter imaging using a single detector. The system was designed to supply tunable filter imaging with a field-of-view of 3 arcmin on a side, sampled at 0.12" for direct Nasmyth seeing-limited area spectroscopy and for SAM's visitor instrument port for GLAO-fed area spectroscopy. The instrument has seen first light, as a SOAR visitor instrument. It is now in comissioning phase.
description: accepted in PASP
Die Wärmepumpe : Dreh- und Angelpunkt der Wärmewende
Creators: name: Kabelac, Stephan
name: Brendel, Rolf
name: Seckmeyer, Gunther
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Energieversorgung
subject: Transformation
subject: Erneuerbare Energien
subject: Energiewende
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft::333 | Boden- und Energiewirtschaft::333,7 | Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt

description: [no abstract available]
A dispersive nanoSQUID magnetometer for ultra-low noise, high bandwidth flux detection
Creators: name: Levenson-Falk, E. M.
name: Vijay, R.
name: Antler, N.
name: Siddiqi, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a dispersive nanoSQUID magnetometer comprised of two variable thickness aluminum weak-link Josephson junctions shunted in parallel with an on-chip capacitor. This arrangement forms a nonlinear oscillator with a tunable 4-8 GHz resonant frequency with a quality factor Q = 30 when coupled directly to a 50 $Ω$ transmission line. In the presence of a near-resonant microwave carrier signal, a low frequency flux input generates sidebands that are readily detected using microwave reflectometry. If the carrier excitation is sufficiently strong then the magnetometer also exhibits parametric gain, resulting in a minimum effective flux noise of 30 n$Φ_0$/Hz$^{1/2}$ with 20 MHz of instantaneous bandwidth. If the magnetometer is followed with a near quantum-noise-limited Josephson parametric amplifier, we can increase the bandwidth to 60 MHz without compromising sensitivity. This combination of high sensitivity and wide bandwidth with no on-chip dissipation makes this device ideal for local sensing of spin dynamics, both classical and quantum.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
A new genus of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) from northern South America, with a systematic review of Tachiramantis
Creators: name: Arroyo, Sandy
name: Targino, Mariane
name: Rueda-Solano, Luis Alberto
name: Daza, Juan M.
name: Grant, Taran
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Since the systematics of Terrarana frogs was overhauled in 2008, five new genera have been named, including Tachiramantis from the Venezuelan Coastal Range and adjacent parts of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia and the Sierra de Perijá along the Venezuela–Colombia border. The discovery of Tachiramantis raises questions about the relationships of several species of Pristimantis in the nearby Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta previously hypothesized to be closely related to species now referred to Tachiramantis. To test the monophyly of Tachiramantis and the relationships among its species, we generated DNA sequences for 42 individuals, and, given the variable placement of Tachiramantis in previous studies, analysed them with DNA sequences from GenBank representing 25 genera of terraranas. In total, the final matrix included DNA sequences from 414 terminals, which we analysed using tree-alignment under the parsimony optimality criterion. To identify morphological synapomorphies and diagnostic characters, we also examined cranial osteology and axial skeleton morphology. Our analyses corroborated both the placement of Tachiramantis far from Pristimantis in Craugastoridae and the monophyly of Tachiramantis. We also found that six species currently referred to Pristimantis, all endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, comprise the sister clade of Tachiramantis. This highly endemic clade is both well-supported by molecular data and diagnosed from Tachiramantis by seven morphological synapomorphies, leading us to recognize it as a new genus. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0036039F-F400-4CD4-A6AD-D3DD2B34BA4E
Omega_bbb excited-state spectroscopy from lattice QCD
Creators: name: Meinel, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Triply heavy baryons are very interesting systems analogous to heavy quarkonia, but are difficult to access experimentally. Lattice QCD can provide precise predictions for these systems, which can be compared to other theoretical approaches. In this work, the spectrum of excited states of the Omega_bbb baryon is calculated using lattice NRQCD for the b quarks, and using a domain-wall action for the u, d and s sea quarks. The calculations are done for multiple values of the sea-quark masses, and for two different lattice spacings. The energies of states with angular momentum up to J=7/2 are calculated, and the effects of rotational symmetry breaking by the lattice are analyzed. Precise results are obtained even for the small spin-dependent energy splittings, and the contributions of individual NRQCD interactions to these energy splittings are studied. The results are compared to potential-model calculations.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Can Human-Like Bots Control Collective Mood: Agent-Based Simulations of Online Chats
Creators: name: Tadic, Bosiljka
name: Suvakov, Milovan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Using agent-based modeling approach, in this paper, we study self-organized dynamics of interacting agents in the presence of chat Bots. Different Bots with tunable ``human-like'' attributes, which exchange emotional messages with agents, are considered, and collective emotional behavior of agents is quantitatively analysed. In particular, using detrended fractal analysis we determine persistent fluctuations and temporal correlations in time series of agent's activity and statistics of avalanches carrying emotional messages of agents when Bots favoring positive/negative affects are active. We determine the impact of Bots and identify parameters that can modulate it. Our analysis suggests that, by these measures, the emotional Bots induce collective emotion among interacting agents by suitably altering the fractal characteristics of the underlying stochastic process.Positive-emotion Bots are slightly more effective than the negative ones. Moreover, the Bots which are periodically alternating between positive and negative emotion, can enhance fluctuations in the system leading to the avalanches of agent's messages that are reminiscent of self-organized critical states.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures (multiple) color
Einfluss der Gesteinskörnung auf die Ermüdungsschädigung in hochfestem Beton
Creators: name: Scheiden, Tim
name: Oneschkow, Nadja
name: Lohaus, Ludger
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: In diesem Beitrag wird der Einfluss der groben Gesteinskörnungsart auf das Ermüdungsverhalten von hochfesten Betonen analysiert, beschrieben und vergleichend dargestellt. Dabei werden zwei hochfeste Betone mit Basalt und Granit als Grobzuschlag auf zwei Spannungsniveaus, Sc,max = 0,85 und Sc,max = 0,70, untersucht. Mit Hilfe der Schallemissionsanalyse und mit detaillierten Dehnungsmessungen werden die ablaufenden Schädigungsprozesse erfasst und anhand von Schädigungsindikatoren wie Steifigkeitsdegradation, dissipierte Energie je Lastwechsel und Schallemissionsaktivität ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen dabei signifikante Unterschiede in den ablaufenden Degradationsmechanismen, aufgrund der unterschiedlichen mechanischen Eigenschaften der Gesteinskörnung auf und geben Hinweise auf generelle ermüdungsbedingte Schädigungsprozesse im Betongefüge.
description: In this paper the influence of the coarse aggregate type on the fatigue behaviour of high-strength concrete is analyzed, described and compared comparatively. Two high-strength concretes with basalt and granite as coarse aggregate with two different stress levels, Sc,max = 0.85 and Sc,max = 0.70 were investigated. With the acoustic emission analysis and detailed strain measurements, the ongoing damage processes were determined and evaluated on the basis of damage indicators such as siffness degradation, dissipated energy per load cycle and acoustic emission activity. The results show significant differences in the ongoing damage mechanisms due to the different mechanical properties of the coarse aggregate and give indicators of general fatigue related damage processes in the concrete structure.
title: Bose's Revolution: How Axis-Sponsored Propaganda Inflamed Nationalism in Wartime India
Creators: name: Connors, Michael
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2019

description: After decades of subjugation under the British crown, India’s leaders at the onset ofthe Second World War were split on how to handle nationalist sentiment in their country. Part ofthe Indian National Congress, an independence-focused political party, these leaders werehighly aware of the reality where many common Indian citizens would shed blood for a king thatwould not validate India as an independent state. Since negotiation seemed to prove fruitless, Subhas Chandra Bose, a savvy Indian political leader, decided action must be taken to remove the British Raj. In order to weaken British authority, Bose split from the INC — forming a shaky alliance with Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan in order to promote anger in Indian citizens through propaganda radio broadcasts. With Axis support, Bose waged an information war on the Allies, proclaiming a “Free India” while leading a provisional army. Meanwhile, Allied efforts to dissuade Indian citizens from Bose’s rhetoric through their own propaganda countermeasures may have not been as effective as initially intended.
The nuclear and Coulomb breakup of the weakly bound $^{6}$Li with targets in the range from A = 59 to 208
Creators: name: Otomar, D. R.
name: Gomes, P. R. S.
name: Lubian, J.
name: Canto, L. F.
name: Hussein, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed CDCC calculations for the $^{6}$Li + $^{59}$Co, $^{144}$Sm and $^{208}$Pb systems, to investigate the dependence of the relative importance of nuclear and Coulomb breakup on the target charge (mass) at near barrier energies. The calculations were in good agreement with the experimental elastic scattering angular distributions for these systems and then, their predictions to the nuclear, Coulomb and total breakup were investigated. Although the relative importance of the nuclear breakup is, as expected, larger for lighter targets, this effect is not very pronounced. We also investigate a scaling of the nuclear breakup with the target mass and we compare the predictions for the integrated total breakup cross sections with experimental fusion cross sections at similar energies.
description: 7 pages, one table, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C
title: The Saga of American Catholicism: Family as Microcosm
Creators: name: Esten, Kathrine
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2019

description: The story of American Catholicism since the 19th century is one of social isolation, family devotion, and strict religious doctrine. In contrast, this story is also one of progressive development, Americanization, and the creation of a unique American Catholic identity, even if unintended by the Church. Combining a historical analysis of Catholic movements in the 19th and 20th centuries for Catholic immigrants and their descendants in the Northeastern United States with personal interviews of late 20th century members of my own Catholic family, I argue that the decreasing reliance of later generations of Catholics on Church authority, coupled with friction between changing American values and rigid Catholic beliefs, has made Catholicism substantially a matter of individual choice.
Incorporating Ecosystem Services into Water Resources Management—Tools, Policies, Promising Pathways
Creators: name: Vollmer, Derek
name: Burkhard, Kremena
name: Adem Esmail, Blal
name: Guerrero, Paulina
name: Nagabhatla, Nidhi
Publisher: name: New York, NY : Springer
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Adaptive water management
subject: Blue and green infrastructure
subject: Ecosystem based adaptation
subject: IWRM
subject: Nature-based solutions
subject: Water security
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft::333 | Boden- und Energiewirtschaft::333,7 | Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::690 | Hausbau, Bauhandwerk

description: Ecosystems provide a range of services, including water purification, erosion prevention, and flood risk mitigation, that are important to water resource managers. But as a sector, water resources management has been slow to incorporate ecosystem protection and restoration, for a variety of reasons, although related concepts such as nature-based solutions and green infrastructure are gaining traction. We explain some of the existing challenges to wider uptake of the ecosystem services concept in water resources management and introduce some promising avenues for research and practice, elaborated in more detail through 12 papers, spanning five continents and a variety of contexts, which make up a Special Issue on “Incorporating Ecosystem Services into Water Resources Management”. Cross-cutting themes include (A) ecosystem services as a flexible concept to communicate with stakeholders; (B) participatory processes to involve stakeholders in research; (C) multiple values, and valuation methods, of water-related services; and (D) applications of decision-support tools. We conclude with a summary of research gaps and emphasize the importance of co-producing knowledge with decision makers and other stakeholders, in order to improve water resources management through the integration of ecosystem services. © 2022, The Author(s).
Universal fluctuations and extreme statistics of avalanches near the depinning transtition
Creators: name: LeBlanc, Michael
name: Angheluta, Luiza
name: Dahmen, Karin
name: Goldenfeld, Nigel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive exact predictions for universal scaling exponents and scaling functions associated with the statistics of maximum velocities vm during avalanches described by the mean field theory of the interface depinning transition. In particular, we find a robust power-law regime in the statistics of maximum events that can explain the observed distribution of the peak amplitudes in acoustic emission experiments of crystal plasticity. Our results are expected to be broadly applicable to a broad range of systems in the mean-field interface depinning universality class, ranging from magnets to earthquakes.
description: 14 pages
title: The Absence of Clarity and the Effects on Minorities
Creators: name: Lavoie, Zachary
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2019

description: This paper involves discovering how the lack of clarity in the American refugee policy post-World War II affected members of multiple minorities: namely Jews, suspected Communists, and homosexuals. The goal is to show that the lack of clarity in American policy and pre-established prejudice were factors that encouraged nativism and xenophobia within the American people. This has been done by examining secondary sources of analyses given by historians like Carl Bon Tempo and Torrie Hester, and by also drawing on primary news articleswritten from 1948 to 1980. Upon examination of these sources, it became clear that the uncertain refugee policy had a negative impact on the American public sphere and led to tension between foreign Communist nations. Through showing the effects of unclear policy, this research highlights the importance of decisive laws and a need for humanitarian support over self-serving American image.
Short-Rotation Coppice Managed According to Ecological Guideline : What Are the Benefits for Phytodiversity?
Creators: name: Zitzmann, Felix
name: Rode, Michael
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: woody biomass crops
subject: bioenergy
subject: biodiversity
subject: species richness
subject: flora
subject: vascular plants
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::630 | Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::640 | Hauswirtschaft und Familienleben
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::690 | Hausbau, Bauhandwerk

description: In recent years, the impact of short-rotation coppice (SRC) on biodiversity has been a regular subject of research and ecological guidelines have been developed to make biomass cultivation on SRC more compatible with biodiversity concerns. However, since these guidelines are only implemented voluntarily by farmers, there are barely any SRC that are managed according to ecological guidelines. Consequently, knowledge about their importance for farmland biodiversity and about the impact of different measures for increasing biodiversity remains scarce. Therefore, three experimental SRC, which are managed according to ecological guidelines and thus include stands of different tree species (varieties of poplar (Populus) and willow (Salix), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), silver birch (Betula pendula)) and different growth-stages within the same site, were investigated with regard to their importance as habitat for vascular plants. Species numbers and species composition were compared with the following habitat types: afforestations (AFO), young (HE-Y) and old hedges (HE-O), field margins (FM) and arable land (AL). Furthermore, different stand types (i.e., stands with different tree species and growth-stages, headlands, clearings) within these SRC were surveyed and compared. Species numbers of SRC were similar to HE-Y, AFO and FM and significantly higher than in AL and HE-O. The composition of plant communities in SRC differed considerably from the other farmland habitats, especially from AL, HE-O and FM. Within the SRC, most stand types had similar species numbers. Only the non-harvested poplar stands were particularly species-poor. Harvesting led to increased species numbers. This increase was significant for the poplar stands but only moderate for the willow stands. With regard to their species composition, the different stand types differed considerably in many cases. We conclude that SRC, which are managed according to ecological guidelines, can be an additional measure to promote phytodiversity in agricultural landscapes as they contain relatively high species numbers (of mainly common and adaptable species) and support distinct plant communities that differ from other farmland habitats. Therefore, measures such as the cultivation of different tree species or sectional harvesting could be offered as agri-environmental schemes to further increase the ecological sustainability of biomass production on SRC.
Advances and visions in large-scale hydrological modelling: Findings from the 11th Workshop on Large-Scale Hydrological Modelling
Creators: name: Döll, P.
name: Berkhoff, K.
name: Bormann, H.
name: Fohrer, N.
name: Gerten, D.
name: Hagemann, S.
name: Krol, M.
Publisher: name: Göttingen : Copernicus GmbH
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: atmosphere-hydrosphere interaction
subject: biosphere
subject: conference proceeding
subject: hydrological modeling
subject: sensitivity analysis
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::551 | Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: Large-scale hydrological modelling has become increasingly wide-spread during the last decade. An annual workshop series on large-scale hydrological modelling has provided, since 1997, a forum to the German-speaking community for discussing recent developments and achievements in this research area. In this paper we present the findings from the 2007 workshop which focused on advances and visions in large-scale hydrological modelling. We identify the state of the art, difficulties and research perspectives with respect to the themes "sensitivity of model results", "integrated modelling" and "coupling of processes in hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere". Some achievements in large-scale hydrological modelling during the last ten years are presented together with a selection of remaining challenges for the future.
Assessing and Governing Ecosystem Services Trade-Offs in Agrarian Landscapes: The Case of Biogas
Creators: name: Albert, Christian
name: Hermes, Johannes
name: Neuendorf, Felix
name: Haaren, Christina Von
name: Rode, Michael
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI AG
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: biogas
subject: ecosystem services
subject: landscape functions
subject: landscape planning
subject: landscape services
subject: trade-offs
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft::333 | Boden- und Energiewirtschaft::333,7 | Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt

description: This paper develops a method to explore how alternative scenarios of the expansion of maize production for biogas generation affect biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES). Our approach consists of four steps: (i) defining scenario targets and implementation of assumptions; (ii) simulating crop distributions across the landscape; (iii) assessing the ES impacts; and (iv) quantifying the impacts for a comparative trade-off analysis. The case study is the region of Hannover, Germany. One scenario assumes an increase of maize production in a little regulated governance system; two others reflect an increase of biogas production with either strict or flexible environmental regulation. We consider biodiversity and three ES: biogas generation, food production and the visual landscape. Our results show that the expansion of maize production results in predominantly negative impacts for other ES. However, positive effects can also be identified, i.e., when the introduction of maize leads to higher local crop diversity and, thus, a more attractive visual landscape. The scenario of little regulation portrays more negative impacts than the other scenarios. Targeted spatial planning, implementation and appropriate governance for steering maize production into less sensitive areas is crucial for minimizing trade-offs and exploiting synergies between bioenergy and other ES.
Lattice dynamics of coesite
Creators: name: Wehinger, Björn
name: Bosak, Alexeï
name: Chumakov, Aleksandr
name: Mirone, Alessandro
name: Winkler, Björn
name: Dubrovinsky, Leonid
name: Dubrovinskaia, Natalia
name: Brazhkin, Vadim
name: Dyuzheva, Tatiana
name: Krisch, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lattice dynamics of coesite has been studied by a combination of diffuse x-ray scattering, inelastic x-ray scattering and an ab initio lattice dynamics calculation. The combined technique gives access to the full lattice dynamics in harmonic description and thus eventually provides detailed information on the elastic properties, the stability and metastability of crystalline systems. The experimentally validated calculation was used for the investigation of eigenvectors, mode character and their influence on the density of vibrational states. High symmetry sections of the reciprocal space distribution of diffuse scattering and inelastic x-ray scattering spectra as well as the density of vibrational states and the dispersion relation are reported and compared to the calculation. A critical point at the zone boundary is found to contribute strongly to the main peak of the low energy part in the density of vibrational states. Comparison with the most abundant SiO2 polymorph - alpha-quartz - reveals similarities and distinct differences in the low-energy vibrational properties.
Addendum to Hudda et al. BMJ 2022
Creators: name: Hudda, Mohammed
Publisher: name: St George's, University of London
Year: 2022
Subjects: Public health not elsewhere classified

description: Addendum material to accompany Hudda MT et al. External validation of a prediction model for estimating fat mass in children and adolescents in 19 countries: individual participant data meta-analysis. BMJ 2022; 378 :e071185 The full paper can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-071185 or via the reference list below.
Wasserinduzierte Reduktion des Ermüdungswiderstands hochfester Betone
Creators: name: Tomann, Christoph
name: Lohaus, Ludger
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Hochfester Beton
subject: Ermüdungsverhalten
subject: wasserinduzierte Schadensmechanismen
subject: Feuchtegehalt
subject: Schädigungsindikatoren
subject: High-strength concrete
subject: fatigue deterioration
subject: water-induced degradation mechanisms
subject: moisture content
subject: damage indicators
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: Unter Wasser gelagerte und geprüfte Betonproben weisen im Vergleich zu an der Luft gelagerten und geprüften einen erheblich reduzierten Ermüdungswiderstand auf. Dieses Phänomen wurde in der Vergangenheit zwar erkannt, wie genau der Feuchtigkeitsgehalt das Ermüdungsverhalten des Betons beeinflusst ist jedoch bis dato ungeklärt. In Ermüdungsversuchen an hochfesten Betonproben wird untersucht, wie der Feuchtigkeitsgehalt innerhalb des mikrostrukturellen Gefüges des Betons, dessen Ermüdungswiderstand beeinflusst und welche Schadensmechanismen am Degradationsprozess beteiligt sind. Um ein tiefer gehendes Verständnis über die am Degradationsprozess beteiligten Schadensmechanismen zu erlangen, werden neben den erreichten Bruchlastwechselzahlen weitere Schädigungsindikatoren wie die Steifigkeitsdegradation sowie die Schallemissionsaktivität analysiert.
description: Concrete specimens which are submerged in water have a significantly lower fatigue resistance than specimens which are stored and tested in air. This phenomenon was recognised in the past, but how the moisture content in the microstructure of the concrete and a wet environment influences its resistance against fatigue deterioration is still unknown. Well-instrumented fatigue tests on high-strength concrete specimens are conducted to investigate how the moisture content in the microstructure of concrete influences its fatigue resistance and which additional water-induced damage mechanisms are involved in the degradation process. In order to get a deeper understanding of the damage mechanisms involved in the degradation process, the results of the fatigue tests are analyzed regarding the numbers of cycles to failure and selected damage indicators, such as strain development, stiffness degradation and acoustic emission activity.
WAYS OF FAMILY BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN THE MODERNIZATION OF THE ECONOMY
Creators: name: Samarkand state university architecture and construction Komilova Mukammal Shavkatovna Abdumurotova Rokhila Shukhratovna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: the article reveals the role of family entrepreneurship in the development of society. The role in improving the well-being of the family, the level and quality of life through family entrepreneurship, which is one of the most pressing issues today, the role of family members in employment, increasing tax revenues to the budget, the importance of the population in creating many new jobs based on the principle of reducing poverty and improving the well-being of the population.
         Keywords: family, family entrepreneurship, well-being, quality of life, standard of living, self-employment, family economy, production, service
The Two Sources of Solar Energetic Particles
Creators: name: Reames, Donald V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evidence for two different physical mechanisms for acceleration of solar energetic particles (SEPs) arose 50 years ago with radio observations of type III bursts, produced by outward streaming electrons, and type II bursts from coronal and interplanetary shock waves. Since that time we have found that the former are related to "impulsive" SEP events from impulsive flares or jets. Here, resonant stochastic acceleration, related to magnetic reconnection involving open field lines, produces not only electrons but 1000-fold enhancements of 3He/4He and of (Z>50)/O. Alternatively, in "gradual" SEP events, shock waves, driven out from the Sun by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), more democratically sample ion abundances that are even used to measure the coronal abundances of the elements. Sometimes residual impulsive suprathermal ions contribute to the seed population for shock acceleration, complicating the abundance picture, but this process has now been modeled theoretically. Initially, impulsive events define a point source on the Sun, selectively filling few magnetic flux tubes, while gradual events show broad acceleration that can fill half of the inner heliosphere, beginning when the shock reaches ~2 solar radii. Shock acceleration occurs as ions are scattered back and forth across the shock by resonant Alfven waves amplified by the accelerated protons themselves. These waves also can produce a streaming-limited maximum SEP intensity and plateau region upstream of the shock. Behind the shock lies the large expanse of the "reservoir", a spatially extensive trapped volume of uniform SEP intensities with invariant energy-spectral shapes where overall intensities decrease with time as the enclosing "magnetic bottle" expands adiabatically. These reservoirs now explain the slow intensity decrease that defines gradual events, once erroneously attributed solely to slow outward diffusion.
description: Accepted by Space Science Reviews, 48 pages