cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous spin state in the field-induced phase of volborthite as seen via 51V nuclear magnetic resonance
Creators: name: Yoshida, M.
name: Takigawa, M.
name: Yoshida, H.
name: Okamoto, Y.
name: Hiroi, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results of 51V NMR in the field-induced phase of volborthite Cu3V2O7(OH)dot2H2O, a spin-1/2 antiferromagnet on a distorted kagome lattice. In magnetic fields above 4.5 T, two types of V sites with different spin-echo decay rates are observed. The hyperfine field at the fast decaying sites has a distribution, while it is more homogeneous at the slowly decaying sites. Our results indicate a heterogeneous state consisting of two spatially alternating Cu spin systems, one of which exhibits anomalous spin fluctuations contrasting with the other showing a conventional static order.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Generalized Geologic Map for Land-Use Planning: Laurel County, Kentucky
Creators: name: Carey, Daniel I.
name: Storm, John
Publisher: name: Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky
Year: 2007

description: Abstract:
This map is not intended to be used for selecting individual sites. Its purpose is to inform land-use planners, government officials, and the public in a general way about geologic bedrock conditions that affect the selection of sites for various purposes. The properties of thick soils may supercede those of the underlying bedrock and should be considered on a site-to-site basis. At any site, it is important to understand the characteristics of both the soils and the underlying rock.
Effects of reducing added sugar in sugar-sweetened sodas on sweet taste perception
Creators: name: Valicente, Vinicius Mendanha
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Clinical nutrition
Nutritional science
Food properties (incl. characteristics and health benefits)

description: The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes has increased worldwide over the last decades. Sugar-sweetened beverages are especially problematic in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Although the proportion of Americans consuming SSB regularly has been steadily declining, added sugar intake still remains above recommendations by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and World Health Organization. However, alternatives to SSB exist on the market. For many years, the primary alternatives to SSB were low-calorie sweetened beverages, with sweetness replacers such as aspartame or sucralose. In recent years, options that are less sweet or unsweetened (instead of alternatively sweetened) have become increasingly available. These less-sweet beverages are available in similar packaging and at similar cost as SSB. Thus, these less-sweet beverages may be ideal options to reduce added sugar in the diet. However, few studies have tested switching consumers from SSB to less-sweet beverages (rather than low-calorie sweetened beverages or plain water), and thus the acceptability and implications of this dietary change are minimally documented. In this work, we tested less sweet soda-like beverages and unsweetened sparkling waters for potential to replace SSB. First, we showed that small reductions in sweetness in cola-flavored sodas are noticeable to individuals, meaning that any switch from SSB to less-sweet options will likely need to be overt to the consumer. Next, we conducted a 12-week intervention with adolescents, which showed that replacing SSBs with unsweetened sparkling waters leads to increased liking of less-sweet sodas and shifts in the ideal level of sweetness towards lower sugar concentrations. Building on these results, our final study shows that even just 2 weeks is enough time to induce these changes in acceptance of less sweetness in sodas, if a consumer prefers the higher concentrations of sugar at the beginning of the intervention (a “sweet liker”). Future studies are needed to evaluate how replacing SSB with less sweet options, leading to shifts in sweetness preference, might influence overall diet and risks for diet-related chronic diseases.
Limit sets of relatively hyperbolic groups
Creators: name: Yang, Wen-yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 20F65, 20F67

description: In this paper, we prove a limit set intersection theorem in relatively hyperbolic groups. Our approach is based on a study of dynamical quasiconvexity of relatively quasiconvex subgroups. Using dynamical quasiconvexity, many well-known results on limit sets of geometrically finite Kleinian groups are derived in general convergence groups. We also establish dynamical quasiconvexity of undistorted subgroups in finitely generated groups with nontrivial Floyd boundary.
description: 12 pages. To appear Geometriae Dedicata. With an additional corollary 1.7
Evolution of Cooperation among Mobile Agents
Creators: name: Chen, Zhuo
name: Gao, Jian-Xi
name: Cai, Yun-Ze
name: Xu, Xiao-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of mobility on the evolution of cooperation among mobile players, which imitate collective motion of biological flocks and interact with neighbors within a prescribed radius $R$. Adopting the prisoner's dilemma game and the snowdrift game as metaphors, we find that cooperation can be maintained and even enhanced for low velocities and small payoff parameters, when compared with the case that all agents do not move. But such enhancement of cooperation is largely determined by the value of $R$, and for modest values of $R$, there is an optimal value of velocity to induce the maximum cooperation level. Besides, we find that intermediate values of $R$ or initial population densities are most favorable for cooperation, when the velocity is fixed. Depending on the payoff parameters, the system can reach an absorbing state of cooperation when the snowdrift game is played. Our findings may help understanding the relations between individual mobility and cooperative behavior in social systems.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
The Erdős-Ko-Rado theorem for twisted Grassmann graphs
Creators: name: Tanaka, Hajime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E30, 05D05

description: We present a "modern" approach to the Erdős-Ko-Rado theorem for Q-polynomial distance-regular graphs and apply it to the twisted Grassmann graphs discovered in 2005 by van Dam and Koolen.
description: 5 pages
Episodic memory performance in a multi-ethnic longitudinal study of 13,037 elderly
Creators: name: Lee, Seonjoo
name: Zhou, Xingtao
name: Gao, Yizhe
name: Vardarajan, Badri N.
name: Reyes-Dumeyer, Dolly
name: Rajan, Kumar B.
name: Wilson, Robert S.
name: Evans, Denis
name: Besser, Lilah
name: Kukull, Walter A.
name: Bennett, David A.
name: Brickman, Adam M.
name: Schupf, Nicole
name: Mayeux, Richard Paul
name: Barral, Sandra
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Neurology
Memory--Age factors
Brain--Aging
Older people
Cognition disorders

description: Age-related changes in memory are not uniform, even in the absence of dementia. Characterization of non-disease associated cognitive changes is crucial to gain a more complete understanding of brain aging. Episodic memory was investigated in 13,037 ethnically diverse elderly (ages 72 to 85 years) with two to 15 years of follow-up, and with known dementia status, age, sex, education, and APOE genotypes. Adjusted trajectories of episodic memory performance over time were estimated using Latent Class Mixed Models. Analysis was conducted using two samples at baseline evaluation: i) non-cognitively impaired individuals, and ii) all individuals regardless of dementia status. We calculated the age-specific annual incidence rates of dementia in the non-demented elderly (n = 10,220). Two major episodic memory trajectories were estimated: 1) Stable—consisting of individuals exhibiting a constant or improved memory function, and 2) Decliner—consisting of individuals whose memory function declined. The majority of the study participants maintain their memory performance over time. Compared to those with Stable trajectory, individuals characterized as Decliners were more likely to have non-white ethnic background, fewer years of education, a higher frequency of ε4 allele at APOE gene and five times more likely to develop dementia. The steepest decline in episodic memory was observed in Caribbean-Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic whites (p = 4.3 x 10−15). The highest incident rates of dementia were observed in the oldest age group, among those of Caribbean-Hispanics ancestry and among Decliners who exhibited rates five times higher than those with Stable trajectories (11 per 100 person-years versus 3 per 100 person-years. Age, education, ethnic background and APOE genotype influence the maintenance of episodic memory. Declining memory is one of the strongest predictors of incident dementia.
Unusual Coupling Between Field-induced Spin Fluctuations and Spin Density Wave in Intermetallic CeAg2Ge2
Creators: name: Singh, D. K.
name: Thamizhavel, A.
name: Chang, S.
name: Lynn, J.
name: Joshi, D.
name: Dhar, S. K.
name: Chi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the experimental evidences for an unusual coupling between the magnetic field- induced fluctuations of correlated Ce-ions coinciding with the discontinuous movement of the underlying spin density wave in the intermetallic rare earth compound CeAg2Ge2. The measurements performed using neutron scattering and magnetic Gruneisen ratio methods suggest that the coupling onsets at H= 2.7 T, T < 3.8 K and persists to the lowest measurement temperature T ~ 0.05 K. These measurements suggest a new mechanism behind the spin fluctuations which can affect the intrinsic properties of the system.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, Strongly correlated electrons system
The stransverse mass, MT2, in special cases
Creators: name: Lester, Christopher G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This document describes some special cases in which the stransverse mass, MT2, may be calculated by non-iterative algorithms. The most notable special case is that in which the visible particles and the hypothesised invisible particles are massless -- a situation relevant to its current usage in the Large Hadron Collider as a discovery variable, and a situation for which no analytic answer was previously known. We also derive an expression for MT2 in another set of new (though arguably less interesting) special cases in which the missing transverse momentum must point parallel or anti parallel to the visible momentum sum. In addition, we find new derivations for already known MT2 solutions in a manner that maintains manifest contralinear boost invariance throughout, providing new insights into old results. Along the way, we stumble across some unexpected results and make conjectures relating to geometric forms of M_eff and H_T and their relationship to MT2.
description: 11 pages, no figures. v2 corrects minor typos. v3 corrects an incorrect statement in footnote 8 and inserts a missing term in eq (3.9). v4 and v5 correct minor typos spotted by readers
On the enigmatic $Λ$ - a true constant of spacetime
Creators: name: Dadhich, Naresh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Had Einstein followed the Bianchi differential identity for the derivation of his equation of motion for gravitation, $Λ$ would have emerged as a true new constant of spacetime on the same footing as the velocity of light? It is then conceivable that he could have perhaps made the most profound prediction that the Universe may suffer accelerated expansion some time in the future! Further we argue that its identification with the quantum vacuum energy is not valid as it should have to be accounted for like the gravitational field energy by enlarging the basic framework of spacetime and not through a stress tensor. The acceleration of the expansion of the Universe may indeed be measuring its value for the first time observationally.
description: 4 pages, a comprehensive revision with much refinement and new insights, more references added
Drinking water management and governance in small drinking water systems : integrating continuous performance improvement and risk-based benchmarking
Creators: name: Bereskie, Ty Anthony
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Drinking water suppliers face challenges associated with changing populations, evolving economies, aging infrastructure, and shifting consumer demands. In small drinking water systems (SDWSs), these challenges are amplified by the pressure created from financial shortfalls and limited human resources. SDWSs are prone to higher rates of drinking water quality failure, are more vulnerable to spatiotemporal variability in water quality, and may be more susceptible to waterborne disease outbreaks than larger systems. Despite these challenges, SDWSs are overlooked in traditional academic and industrial studies, which often place a focus on larger, more complex drinking water supply systems (DWSSs) and the exploration, development, and implementation of new treatment technologies. Given the current state of SDWSs, the main objectives identified for this research were to incentivize continuous performance, improve data resolution and water quality assessment practices for decision-making, and propose an improved drinking water quality management approach for SDWSs. This was accomplished in four distinct steps. The first step was to review the current state of practice of quality management systems and drinking water management systems and approaches in different parts of the world and within Canada to identify management gaps and potential areas for improvement. The second step was to explore the concept of continuous performance improvement and incentivize implementation through functional performance benchmarking. The third step was to improve on current drinking water quality assessment and benchmarking practices by implementing risk through quantifying degrees of compliance/non-compliance and spatial (i.e. location in the distribution system) and temporal (i.e. seasonal) variability through fuzzy rule-based modeling. The fourth and final step was to propose an improved drinking water management framework that fits within the bounds of Canada’s current decentralized governance system. The results of this research have the potential to be used by drinking water utility managers, operators, and planners to improve drinking water quality management in SDWSs at the federal, provincial/territorial, and municipal levels and improve on the current drinking water quality assessment and decision-making processes in place.
Quasi-Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskite Materials For Photovoltaic Applications
Creators: name: Coffey, Aidan
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Electrical energy generation (incl. renewables, excl. photovoltaics)

description: As energy demands for the world increase, the necessity for alternate sources of energy are critical. Just in the United States alone, 92 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu) were used in 2020. As political and geographical pressures surrounding oil increase, along with the growing concern for climate, the drive to explore alternative and renewable means for harvesting energy is on the rise. Solar cells, also known as photovoltaics (PVs), are an attractive renewable source and have been developed as an alternative energy means for over 60 years. When considering losses due to atmospheric absorption and scattering, the Earth’s surface gets about 1000 W/m2 of energy from the sun, which is why there are research efforts around the world trying to maximize the efficiency of solar cells. Organic-inorganic halide perovskites provide for ideal absorbing layers that feature long carrier lifetime and diffusion lengths, strong photoluminescence, and promising tunability. Furthermore, the solution-processing methods used to make these perovskites ensure that the solar cells will remain low-cost and have easy scale-up possibilities. The main problem perovskites is that they degrade in the presence of water, thus leading to decreased device performance. In this work two approaches are investigated to increase moisture stability. The first investigates incorporation of thiols as pseudohalides into the 2D perovskite structure. Instead of the theorized perovskite, two novel 2D compounds were created, Pb2X(S-C6H5)3 (X= I, Br, Cl) and PbI1.524(S-C6H5)0.476. While not perovskites, this study gives insight into the effect that the thiol may have on determining structure when comparing –S-C6H5 with –SCN groups. Future work will explore more electronegative thiols that will be used to make moisture resistant, tunable 2D perovskites. The second approach is to incorporate longer organic ammonium cations into the perovskite structure to produce quasi-2D perovskite films fabricate them into devices. Adding in electronically insulating ligands leads to a stricter requirement for vertically aligned 2D films and special care must be taken to have efficient charge collection. The current field has successfully incorporated short ligands such as butylammonium (BA) into PVs, however the extension to larger and more beneficially hydrophobic ligands has been very scarce. In this work, a novel solvent engineering system is developed to create vertically aligned quasi-2D perovskite absorbing layers based off of a bithiophene ligand (2T). These absorbing layers are then characterized and incorporated into efficient PV devices. Generalizations to solvent conditions related to ligand choice is discussed herein, creating deep insights into incorporating more conjugated ligands into devices.
Elastic Machine Learning Systems with Co-adaptation
Creators: name: Qiao, Aurick
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, the amount of computation being invested into machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) training has multiplied by several orders of magnitude. Under these conditions, elasticity—the ability of a system to dynamically adapt to changing supply and demand of compute resources over time—is a key ingredient for efficient resource management. Elasticity has long been proven to improve the resource utilization, execution performance, and fault tolerance of traditional applications such as web services and big data processing. However, elastic ML training is a relatively new area of interest, and faces different challenges from traditional applications due to ML training’s highly sub-linear resource scalability, diverse execution patterns and strategies, and dependence between distributed workers. This thesis steps beyond the existing early work in elastic ML by employing co-adaptation, i.e. combining both system-level and application-side adaptations, to better adapt to dynamic compute resources. Although previous frameworks can enable elasticity by relying on system-level implementations, they ignore the inherent resource adaptability of ML training that can be leveraged to better overcome the aforementioned challenges. We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of three elastic systems for ML that improve DL training time in shared GPU clusters by 37-50%, enable elasticity for a diverse set of ML training applications, and reduce the impact of resource failures by 78-95%.
Innovative Financing Solutions for Community Support in the Context of Land Investments
Creators: name: Szoke-Burke, Sam
name: Cordes, Kaitlin Y.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Land use
Finance
Investments
Investments--Law and legislation
Communities
Sustainable development

description: Communities affected by agricultural, forestry, and other resource investments urgently need increased funding for legal and technical support. Without support, communities risk losing access to critical land and resources, suffering human rights violations, or missing opportunities to benefit from investments. A lack of community support can also lead to conflict and challenges that are damaging for companies and host governments. Donors and support providers have found ways to finance support for communities, but such efforts can only extend so far. Promising new opportunities exist for filling the financing gap, yet they will require sustained efforts by a range of actors. This report presents a call to action to help communities secure the support they so crucially need, and explores options for tapping new funding sources for community support.
Sharp spectral stability estimates via the Lebesgue measure of domains for higher order elliptic operators
Creators: name: Burenkov, Victor
name: Lamberti, Pier Domenico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35P15, 35J40, 47A75, 47B25

description: We prove sharp stability estimates for the variation of the eigenvalues of non-negative self-adjoint elliptic operators of arbitrary even order upon variation of the open sets on which they are defined. These estimates are expressed in terms of the Lebesgue measure of the symmetric difference of the open sets. Both Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions are considered.
Vanishing quasiparticle density in a hybrid Al/Cu/Al single-electron transistor
Creators: name: Saira, O. -P.
name: Kemppinen, A.
name: Maisi, V. F.
name: Pekola, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The achievable fidelity of many nanoelectronic devices based on superconducting aluminum is limited by either the density of residual nonequilibrium quasiparticles n_qp or the density of quasiparticle states in the gap, characterized by Dynes parameter γ. We infer upper bounds n_qp < 0.033 um^-3 and γ< 1.6*10^-7 from transport measurements performed on Al/AlOx/Cu single-electron transistors, improving previous results by an order of magnitude. Owing to efficient microwave shielding and quasiparticle relaxation, typical number of quasiparticles in the superconducting leads is zero.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; updated to revised version that was accepted for publication, contains data from a reference sample without qp traps
Presenting Yourself Professionally Online and In-person
Creators: name: Verdooner, Elise
name: Marquart, Matthea S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Web-based instruction
Social service
Social networks
Professional socialization
Career development

description: This workshop will review tips for how to professionalize your online presence and fine-tune your elevator pitch. You’ll have the chance to discuss advice about using LinkedIn, describe your social work degree online, and how to confidently walk up to someone at a networking event.
Classification of Physical, Chemical and Biological Deteriorations Observed in Ankara Stone Monuments
Creators: name: Tokmak, Musa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 210102 Archaeological Science
subject: FOS: History and archaeology

description: There are many monuments made of stone in and around Ankara city center. Due to the geographical location of Ankara, due to its terrestrial climate, physical, chemical and biological deteriorations can be seen asone or combination of three types. Human-induced damages are just as effective as natural degradation types and even caused more damage. The monuments mentioned in this study are: Temple of Augustus, Roman Bath ruins, Julian Column and Gavurkalesi. The first three monuments are located in the Ulus district of Ankara, close to each other. Gavurkalesi is located in Dereköy in the Haymana district of Ankara. Since samples could not be taken from these monuments, the classification of the types of disruption was made to observe and the disruption types were listed by visual examination. A more detailed form of this study necessitates laboratory work. While doing such a study, the samples must be taken from the broken pieces and without damaging the monuments. The purpose of this study is to prepare a document with a preliminary preparation for the restoration of these monuments.
Radiative energy loss in an anisotropic Quark-Gluon-Plasma
Creators: name: Roy, Pradip
name: Dutt-Mazumder, Abhee K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate radiative energy loss of heavy and light quarks in anisotropic medium (static) in first order opacity expansion. Such an anisotropy can result from the initial rapid longitudinal expansion of the matter, created in relativistic heavy ion collisions. Significant dependency of the energy loss on the anisotropy parameter ($ξ$) and the direction of propagation of the partons with respect to the anisotropy axis is found. It is shown that the introduction of early time momentum-space anisotropy can enhance the fractional energy loss in the direction of the anisotropy, whereas it decreases when the parton propagates perpendicular to the direction of the anisotropy.
description: text and figures modified
Children's and Adults' Affectionate Generosity Toward Members of Different Religious Groups
Creators: name: Heiphetz, Larisa A.
name: Young, Liane L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Generosity
subject: Intergroup relations
subject: Religion
subject: Cognition--Social aspects
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Social perception

description: This paper examines children’s and adults’ willingness to give a non-monetary resource—affection—to in-group versus out-group members. In a study of attitudes toward Christian, Jewish, and non-religious people, religious participants—children as well as adults— reported that the religious out-group member was more like them and more likeable than the non-religious character, despite the fact that both characters were members of an out-group. Non-religious participants did not distinguish between out-group characters in response to these questions. Although these patterns emerged among both children and adults, we also found that children reported more affection toward Christian characters than did adults. We discuss implications of the results for the study of generosity as well as for intergroup attitudes, religious cognition, and development.
Onset of a Pseudogap Regime in Ultracold Fermi Gases
Creators: name: Magierski, Piotr
name: Wlazłowski, Gabriel
name: Bulgac, Aurel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show, using an ab initio approach based on Quantum Monte Carlo technique, that the pseudogap regime emerges in ultracold Fermi gases close to the unitary point. We locate the onset of this regime at a value of the interaction strength corresponding to (k_{F}a)^{-1}\approx -0.05 (a - scattering length). We determine the evolution of the gap as a function of temperature and interaction strength in the Fermi gas around the unitary limit and show that our results exhibit a remarkable agreement with the recent wave-vector resolved radio frequency spectroscopy data. Our results indicate that a finite temperature structure of the Fermi gas around unitarity is more complicated and involves the presence of the phase with preformed Cooper pairs, which however do not contribute to the long range order.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures + 5 pages of supplementary online material
Exposure risks and ineffectiveness of total release foggers (TRFs) used for cockroach control in residential settings
Creators: name: DeVries, Zachary C.
name: Santangelo, Richard G.
name: Crissman, Jonathan
name: Mick, Russell
name: Schal, Coby
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Blattella germanica
Pesticides--Environmental aspects
Pesticides--Health aspects
Low-income consumers

description: Background
The German cockroach, Blattella germanica, is one of the most challenging pests to eradicate from indoor environments. Professional pest control is often prohibitively expensive, prompting low-income residents to turn to over-the-counter consumer products, including total release foggers (TRFs, “bug bombs”). Despite their widespread use, little is known regarding either the associated pesticide exposure risks or the efficacy of TRFs.

Methods
Cockroach-infested homes were recruited into the study. Wipe samples were collected from various surfaces before TRFs were discharged, immediately after, and one month later to determine pesticide exposure risks in 20 homes (divided equally among four different TRF products). Simultaneously, cockroach populations were monitored in all homes to assess the efficacy of TRFs. In parallel, 10 homes were treated with gel baits (divided equally between two bait products), to compare TRFs to a more targeted, low-risk, do-it-yourself intervention strategy.

Results
TRFs failed to reduce cockroach populations, whereas similarly priced gel baits caused significant declines in the cockroach populations. Use of TRFs resulted in significant pesticide deposits throughout the kitchen. Across all products, pesticides, and horizontal kitchen surfaces, pesticide residues following TRF discharge were 603-times (SEM ±184) higher than baseline, with a median increase of 85 times.

Conclusions
The high risks of pesticide exposure associated with TRFs combined with their ineffectiveness in controlling German cockroach infestations call into question their utility in the marketplace, especially because similarly priced and much safer bait products are highly effective in the indoor environment.
Magnetic Tuning of the Relativistic BCS-BEC Crossover
Creators: name: Wang, Jin-cheng
name: de la Incera, Vivian
name: Ferrer, Efrain J.
name: Wang, Qun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of an applied magnetic field in the crossover from Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) pairing regimes is investigated. We use a model of relativistic fermions and bosons inspired by those previously used in the context of cold fermionic atoms and in the magnetic-color-flavor-locking phase of color superconductivity. It turns out that as with cold atom systems, an applied magnetic field can also tune the BCS-BEC crossover in the relativistic case. We find that no matter what the initial state is at B=0, for large enough magnetic fields the system always settles into a pure BCS regime. In contrast to the atomic case, the magnetic field tuning of the crossover in the relativistic system is not connected to a Feshbach resonance, but to the relative numbers of Landau levels with either BEC or BCS type of dispersion relations that are occupied at each magnetic field strength.
description: Extensively revised version. New version with new plots and new references to appear at PRD
MIXED-METHODS ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL-ENGINEERING INCIDENTS
Creators: name: Ahluwalia, Grusha
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Information security management
Digital forensics
Social psychology
Cybersecurity and privacy not elsewhere classified
Information modelling, management and ontologies

description: The following study is a research thesis on the subject matter of Social Engineering (SE) or Social Engineering Information Security Incidents (SEISI). The research evaluates the common features that can be used to cover a social engineering scenario from the perspectives of all stakeholders, at the individual and organizational level in terms of social engineering Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTP). The research utilizes extensive secondary literary sources for understanding the topic of Social Engineering, highlights the issue of inconsistencies in the existing frameworks on social engineering and, addresses the research gap of availability of reliable dataset on past social engineering incidents by information gathered on the common themes of data reported on these. The study annotates salient features which have been identified in several studies in the past to develop a comprehensive dataset of various social engineering attacks which could be used by both computational and social scientists. The resulting codebook or the features of a social engineering are coded and defined based on Pretext Design Maps as well as industry standards and frameworks like MITRE ATT&CK, MITRE CVE, NIST, etc. Lastly, Psychological Theories of Persuasion like Dr. Cialdini’s principles of persuasion, Elaboration Likelihood Model, and Scherer’s Typology of Affective Emotional States guides the psychological TTPs of social engineering evaluated in this study.
title: Herding in US housing markets
Creators: name: Pollock, Matthew
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2023

description: This thesis investigates herding behaviour across US metropolitan housing markets. Herding, the 
conscious or unconscious copying of behaviour by individuals on a large scale, is a phenomenon 
commonly observed across markets and locations. 
Firstly, the presence of herding and reverse herding, the latter a rarely discussed phenomenon, is 
identified across major US urban housing markets. There is broad spatial and temporal variation, 
and reverse herding is found to be far more prevalent than herding. Market inefficiencies and the 
cost of obtaining private information, along with innate homeowner overconfidence, are presented 
as the theoretical context for these results. 
Secondly, the commonly discussed connection between herding and price bubbles is estimated 
using several measures of bubble activity to ensure robustness. There is evidence that extreme 
price growth may be a significant determinant of herding behaviour, with stronger effects observed 
in larger gateway cities that draw investment. The results indicate that herding behaviour may be 
triggered by speculation rather than information asymmetries. 
Lastly, the determinants of herding and reverse herding behaviour at the urban market level are 
estimated using a discrete choice model. Various social and housing factors are significant 
determinants of rational behaviour, as opposed to the overall economic conditions. 
The scale and role of housing demonstrates the significance of these findings. Whilst some results 
are in line with previous literature, there are sufficient variations to illustrate the importance of 
market structure and location. It also illustrates that further work is required to disentangle rational 
and irrational dynamics, and that leading indicators could be constructed for practical use in risk 
management and portfolio construction, in addition to any value for policy making.
Nonequilibrium density matrix description of steady state quantum transport
Creators: name: Dhar, Abhishek
name: Saito, Keiji
name: Hanggi, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With this work we investigate the stationary nonequilibrium density matrix of current carrying nonequilibrium steady states of in-between quantum systems that are connected to reservoirs. We describe the analytical procedure to obtain the explicit result for the reduced density matrix of quantum transport when the system, the connecting reservoirs and, as well, the system-reservoir interactions are described by quadratic Hamiltonians. Our procedure is detailed for both, electronic transport described by the tight-binding Hamiltonian and for phonon transport described by harmonic Hamiltonians. For the special case of weak system-reservoir couplings, a more detailed description of the steady-state density matrix is obtained. Several paradigm transport setups for inter-electrode electron transport and low-dimensional phonon heat flux are elucidated.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures, In press with Phys. Rev. E
Onset of deconfinement in nucleus-nucleus collisions: Review for pedestrians and experts
Creators: name: Gazdzicki, Marek
name: Gorenstein, Mark
name: Seyboth, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evidence for the energy threshold of creating the quark-gluon plasma in nucleus-nucleus collisions, the so-called onset of deconfinement, has been found by the energy scan program of the NA49 experiment at the CERN SPS. In this paper we review the experimental and theoretical status of this phenomenon. First, the basic, qualitative ideas are presented for non-experts. Next, the latest experimental results are compared to a statistical model within which the onset of deconfinement and its signals had been predicted. Finally, alternative interpretations and open questions are discussed.
description: 50 pages, 18 figures, the final version published in APP
A phase II study of temsirolimus and liposomal doxorubicin for patients with recurrent and refractory bone and soft tissue sarcomas
Creators: name: Trucco, Matteo M.
name: Meyer, Christian F.
name: Thornton, Katherine A.
name: Shah, Preeti
name: Chen, Allen R.
name: Wilky, Breelyn A.
name: Carrera-Haro, Maria A.
name: Boyer, Lillian C.
name: Ferreira, Margaret F.
name: Shafique, Umber
name: Powell, Jonathan D.
name: Loeb, David M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Liposomes
Sarcoma
Chemotherapy
Oncology

description: Background
Relapsed and refractory sarcomas continue to have poor survival rates. The cancer stem cell (CSC) theory provides a tractable explanation for the observation that recurrences occur despite dramatic responses to upfront chemotherapy. Preclinical studies demonstrated that inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) sensitizes the CSC population to chemotherapy.

Methods
Here we present the results of the Phase II portion of a Phase I/II clinical trial that aimed to overcome the chemoresistance of sarcoma CSC by combining the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus (20 mg/m2 weekly) with the chemotherapeutic agent liposomal doxorubicin (30 mg/m2 monthly).

Results
Fifteen patients with relapsed/refractory sarcoma were evaluable at this recommended Phase 2 dose level. The median progression free survival was 315 days (range 27–799). Response rate, defined as stable disease or better for 60 days, was 53%. Nine of the patients had been previously treated with doxorubicin. Therapy was well tolerated. In a small number of patients, pre- and post- treatment tumor biopsies were available for assessment of ALDH expression as a marker of CSCs and showed a correlation between response and decreased ALDH expression. We also found a correlation between biopsy-proven inhibition of mTOR and response.

Conclusions
Our study adds to the literature supporting the addition of mTOR inhibition to chemotherapy agents for the treatment of sarcomas, and proposes that a mechanism by which mTOR inhibition enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy may be through sensitizing the chemoresistant CSC population. Further study, ideally with pre- and post-therapy assessment of ALDH expression in tumor cells, is warranted.

Trial registration The trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00949325) on 30 July 2009. http://www.editorialmanager.com/csrj/default.aspx
APPLICATIONS OF IN SITU 14C TO GLACIAL LANDSCAPES IN SWEDEN AND ANTARCTICA
Creators: name: Koester, Alexandria
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Geochronology
Isotope geochemistry

description: Reconstructing past glacier and ice-sheet extents is important to better understand how glacial systems have responded to past climate changes in hope of constraining predictions of their responses to ongoing anthropogenic climate warming. As such, the most recent period of climatic variations, from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca. 21 ka) through today, is of great interest as a prominent example of how ice has reacted to past climatic warming events. Surface exposure dating utilizing cosmogenic nuclides can directly constrain when past ice deglaciated in current and former glacial landscapes. Numerous studies have utilized long-lived cosmogenic radionuclides (i.e., 10Be, 26Al) in polar regions to reconstruct glacial systems. However, due to prevalent non-erosive cold-based ice, prior nuclides from pre-LGM can be preserved. The research described in this dissertation applies in situ cosmogenic 14C (in situ 14C), an emerging geochronometer, to polar glacial landscapes in Sweden and Antarctica to constrain the timing and rate of glacial ice retreat. In situ 14C more closely reflects the post-LGM deglacial signal in polar regions because it is less likely to preserve prior nuclides (inheritance) under minimally erosive ice. Our cosmogenic 10Be–26Al–14C concentrations near the Riukojietna ice cap, the last remaining ice cap in Sweden, combined with a sedimentary record from a proximal proglacial lake, indicate the ice cap likely survived during a warm period in the Holocene, but was less extensive than today. The in situ 14C exposure data from nunataks in western Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica indicate significant coastal thickening (up to 850 m) not predicted by models to date. In addition, this work dates the timing of post-LGM ice surface lowering in two drainage basins in western DML. These results demonstrate the significant contribution of in situ 14C in polar regions. In addition to applications of in situ 14C in polar regions, this work also describes the development of a compositionally dependent in situ 14C production rate calculator. The ability to extract in situ 14C from samples which quartz cannot be separated (either quartz-poor or fine-grained) would allow new avenues of research. The computational framework will be a useful tool in efforts to broaden the utility of in situ 14C to quartz-poor and fine-grained rock types.
Exotic magnetic orders for high spin ultracold fermions
Creators: name: Szirmai, E.
name: Lewenstein, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Hubbard models for ultracold bosonic or fermionic atoms loaded into an optical lattice. The atoms carry a high spin $F>1/2$, and interact on site via strong repulsive Van der Waals forces. Making convenient rearrangements of the interaction terms, and exploiting their symmetry properties, we derive low energy effective models with nearest-neighbor interactions, and their properties. We apply our method to $F=3/2$, and 5/2 fermions on two-dimensional square lattice at quarter, and 1/6 fillings, respectively, and investigate mean-field equations for repulsive couplings. We find for $F=3/2$ fermions that the plaquette state appearing in the highly symmetric SU(4) case does not require fine tuning, and is stable in an extended region of the phase diagram. This phase competes with an SU(2) flux state, that is always suppressed for repulsive interactions in absence of external magnetic field. The SU(2) flux state has, however, lower energy than the plaquette phase, and stabilizes in the presence of weak applied magnetic field. For $F=5/2$ fermions a similar SU(2) plaquette phase is found to be the ground state without external magnetic field.
description: final version, 6 pages, 4 figures, epl format
Simulated User Bots: Real Time Testing of Insider Threat Detection Systems
Creators: name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Computer science
Computer networks
Computer networks--Security measures
Computer security
Intrusion detection systems (Computer security)

description: The insider threat is one of the most serious security problems faced by modern organizations. High profile cases demonstrate the serious consequences of successful attacks. The problem has been studied for many years leading to a number of technologies and products that have been widely deployed in government and commercial enterprises. A fundamental question is how well do these systems work? How may they be tested and how computationally expensive a widely deployed monitoring infrastructure cost? Measuring real systems that are dynamic in nature, encounter unknown configuration bugs and have sensitivities to the vagaries of human nature and adversarial behavior require a formal means to continuously test and evaluate deployed detection systems. We present a framework to deploy in situ simulated user bots (SUBs) that can emulate the actions of real users. By creating a user account and running a host in the enterprise network, a SUB can be introduced into an enterprise system that runs at a realistic pace and does not interfere with normal operations. Infusing malicious behavior into the SUB should be detected by the insider threat monitoring infrastructure. The SUB framework can be controlled to explore the limits of deployed systems and to test the effectiveness of insider evasion tactics, especially low and slow behaviors. We demonstrate our framework by generating user data to test the detection of malicious users and our ability to produce variable ground truths through intrusion detection testing using several commonly used machine learning techniques.