cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantum Orbital-Optimized Unitary Coupled Cluster Methods in the Strongly Correlated Regime: Can Quantum Algorithms Outperform their Classical Equivalents?
Creators: name: Sokolov, Igor O.
name: Barkoutsos, Panagiotis Kl.
name: Ollitrault, Pauline J.
name: Greenberg, Donny
name: Rice, Julia
name: Pistoia, Marco
name: Tavernelli, Ivano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Coupled Cluster (CC) method is used to compute the electronic correlation energy in atoms and molecules and often leads to highly accurate results. However, due to its single-reference nature, standard CC in its projected form fails to describe quantum states characterized by strong electronic correlations and multi-reference projective methods become necessary. On the other hand, quantum algorithms for the solution of many-electron problems have also emerged recently. The quantum UCC with singles and doubles (q-UCCSD) is a popular wavefunction Ansatz for the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) algorithm. The variational nature of this approach can lead to significant advantages compared to its classical equivalent in the projected form, in particular for the description of strong electronic correlation. However, due to the large number of gate operations required in q-UCCSD, approximations need to be introduced in order to make this approach implementable in a state-of-the-art quantum computer. In this work, we evaluate several variants of the standard q-UCCSD Ansatz in which only a subset of excitations is included. In particular, we investigate the singlet and pair q-UCCD approaches combined with orbital optimization. We show that these approaches can capture the dissociation/distortion profiles of challenging systems such as H$_4$, H$_2$O and N$_2$ molecules, as well as the one-dimensional periodic Fermi-Hubbard chain. These results promote the future use of q-UCC methods for the solution of challenging electronic structure problems in quantum chemistry.
Did Defensive Homicide in Victoria Provide a Safety Net for Battered Women Who Kill? A Case Study Analysis
Creators: name: King, Charlotte
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This article seeks to draw conclusions about the potential impact of the Crimes Amendment (Abolition of Defensive Homicide) Act 2014 (Vic). We do so by considering whether defensive homicide served as a safety net in the 2014 case of Director of Public Prosecutions (Vic) v Williams. The article presents a detailed analysis of the trial transcript and sentencing remarks to support the contention that the defence did in fact achieve this purpose. The conclusion rests, principally, upon understanding the jury finding that Williams killed in the belief that her actions were necessary for her own protection, but apparently determined that she had no reasonable grounds for that belief (thereby failing the legal test of self-defence as it then stood). Having looked at how the 2014 legislation also amended relevant evidence laws, and reinforced jury directions to accommodate considerations of family violence, we then consider the implications of these reforms for battered women who kill. We suggest that, in the absence of the offence of defensive homicide, women like Williams may in the future be convicted of murder, even when they kill in response to family violence and with a genuine belief that their actions are necessary in self-defence.
Space/time noncommutative field theories and causality
Creators: name: Bozkaya, H.
name: Fischer, P.
name: Grosse, H.
name: Pitschmann, M.
name: Putz, V.
name: Schweda, M.
name: Wulkenhaar, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As argued previously, amplitudes of quantum field theories on noncommutative space and time cannot be computed using naive path integral Feynman rules. One of the proposals is to use the Gell-Mann--Low formula with time-ordering applied before performing the integrations. We point out that the previously given prescription should rather be regarded as an interaction point time-ordering. Causality is explicitly violated inside the region of interaction. It is nevertheless a consistent procedure, which seems to be related to the interaction picture of quantum mechanics. In this framework we compute the one-loop self-energy for a space/time noncommutative ϕ^4 theory. Although in all intermediate steps only three-momenta play a role, the final result is manifestly Lorentz covariant and agrees with the naive calculation. Deriving the Feynman rules for general graphs, we show, however, that such a picture holds for tadpole lines only.
description: 16 pages, LaTeX, uses feynmf macros, one reference added; ooops, version 2 was an older one!
The Reconciliation of Freedom of Religion with Anti-Discrimination Rights
Creators: name: Gray, Anthony
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Freedom of religion is commonly regarded as one of the most fundamental and longstanding human rights, and is reflected in a range of international and domestic human rights instruments. More recently, the law has become concerned to enshrine rights to equality, including a right not to be discriminated against on various grounds. Sometimes, the right to freedom of religion is in conflict with the right to equality. Difficult questions arise regarding how such conflict is resolved. Recent decisions in a range of jurisdictions have grappled with such an issue. This article will discuss recent developments in a range of jurisdictions in this context, before considering some of the issues in the literature. This is a vast area.1 For manageability, the article will focus on the conflict between religion rights and anti-discrimination law in the particular context of accommodation, though many of the points made are equally applicable to the conflict between such rights in other contexts. As it happens, since many of the cases have involved discrimination on the basis of sexuality, that is the chosen exemplar of discrimination on ‘prohibited grounds’ used here. In Part I of the article, I document the strong historic links between law and religion, to provide context for the discussion that follows. In Part II, I consider recent developments in this area across a range of jurisdictions, including Australia, Europe, United States and Canada. Part III considers some of the issues of debate from the case law and the academic literature. Specifically, it critically considers the existing religious exemptions to general anti-discrimination provisions, considers arguments that the law ought to protect religious freedom to a greater extent than is currently the case, and the viability of the distinction between belief and manifestation of that belief.
Hyperbolic Metamaterials: From Dispersion Manipulation to Application
Creators: name: Guo, Zhiwei
name: Jiang, Haitao
name: Chen, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Manipulating the property of iso-frequency contour (IFC) will provide a powerful control for the interaction between light and matter. Importantly, hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs), a class of artificial anisotropic materials with hyperbolic IFC have been intensively investigated. Because of the open dispersion curves, HMMs support propagating high-k modes and possess enhanced photonic density of states. As a result, HMMs can be utilized to realize hyper-lens breaking the diffraction limit, meta-cavity laser with subwavelength scale, high sensitivity sensor, long-range energy transfer and so on. In order to make it easier for people who are about to enter this burgeoning and rapidly developing research field, this tutorial article not only introduces the basic physical properties of HMMs, but also discusses the dispersion manipulation of HMMs and HMM-based structures such as hypercrystals. The theoretical methods and experimental platforms are given in this tutorial. Finally, some potential applications associated with hyperbolic dispersion are also introduced
Irrigation Difference and Productivity Variations in Paddy Cultivation: Field Evidences from Udalguri District of Assam
Creators: name: Goyari, Phanindra
name: Goyari, Phanindra
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Agriculture
subject: Cropping pattern
subject: Groundwater
subject: Irrigation
subject: Summer rice.

description: Using field survey data, the paper examines the seasonal variation of irrigation facilities for cultivation of paddy with special emphasis on summer paddy in Assam. Paddy is cultivated in three seasons - autumn, winter and summer. In terms of acreage and production, winter rice has traditionally been the most dominant. However, the acreage shares of winter and autumn rice in total rice area have been declining continuously over the years. On the contrary, the importance of summer rice has been increasing in terms of acreage share and yield mainly since the last few decades. This trend has opened up a debate whether the summer season, being a flood free season, can be made an important cropping season. Many farmers have adopted the risk aversion strategy of not using costly inputs like fertilisers, pesticides, improved seeds, etc. during kharif season for the fear that excess rainwater and floods would wash away. Field reports show that the availability/arrival of short duration new paddy varieties has enabled the farmers to adjust crop seasons and cultivate paddy in the three seasons of the year. While summer is a new emerging season for paddy cultivation, farmers face problems of scarcity of irrigation water due to scanty rainfall. Only those farmers were found cultivating summer paddy, whose plots had access to naturally flowing water ways and who can afford artificial means of irrigation through borewells and pumpsets. Therefore, the future plans on the development of irrigation potentials should give emphasis on the development of groundwater based on installation of shallow tubewells and borewells, construction of small dams on the naturally flowing water ways, harvesting of rainwater during rainy season and also on controlling of floods for water management.
Additional file 1 of The role of neutrophil elastase in aortic valve calcification
Creators: name: Liu, Yan
name: Jiang, Peng
name: An, Liqin
name: Zhu, Mengying
name: Li, Jin
name: Wang, Yue
name: Huang, Qin
name: Xiang, Yi
name: Li, Xiaorong
name: Shi, Qiong
name: Weng, Yaguang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Basic characteristics of control individuals and patients with CAVD. Table S2. The sequence of primers for Qpcr. Table S3. The information of antibodies used for western blot, immunohistochemistry, and Immunofluorescence. Figure S1. Phenotype identification of primary porcine aortic valve interstitial cells. Representative images of immunofluorescence staining of CD31, α-SMA and Vimentin in porcine aortic valve interstitial cells. Scale bar=50 μm. Figure S2. Identification of absorbed NE in porcine aortic valve interstitial cells. pVICs were treated with NE (1 µg/ml) for 4 h. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the Intracellular NE fluorescence intensity. Scale bar=25 μm.
Views from Inside: A Comparison of Admission Process in New South Wales and Victoria before and after the Uniform Law
Creators: name: Haller, Linda
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This content was published in the Monash University Law Review, the flagship academic journal of Monash Law School, managed by a team of student editors.
Delta bicinctum de Saussure 1852
Creators: name: Carpenter, James M.
name: Brown, Graham R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Vespidae
Delta
Delta bicinctum

description: bicinctum (de Saussure)
Eumenes bicincta de Saussure 1852: 44, female, male—“le midi de la Nouvelle-Hollande ” (Oxford, coll. Guérin-Méneville).— Smith 1857: 28 (cat.).— Froggatt 1892: 227 (cat.).— Dalla Torre 1894: 19 (cat.); 1904: 21 (cat.).— von Schulthess 1935: 299 (bicinctus; N. T.: Burnside).— Giordani Soika 1941: 228, 229 (bicinctus; in subgenus Delta; Melbourne, Waroona, Roebourne, Mackay, Perth, “Victoria”).— James 1956: 24 (nest).— Callan 1981: 81–83 (bicinctus; parasite).
Delta bicinctus; Giordani Soika 1961b: 244; 1962 [1961]: 60.— Cardale 1985: 171 (cat.).— Borsato 2003: 562 (W. A.: 16 km NE Cervantes, 39 km E Kalbarri, “Tarin Rock Reserve (33.06S– 118.13E),” Busselton, “Lightning Rock (22.04S— 127.45E) 120 Km E Warburton,” “Harvey; 19 km S of Badgingarra. (30.33S— 115.27E),” “Charlton; Taablin Lake area, 35 km E Naarogin,” “ Burma Road reserve, 30 km E Walkaway,” “Irrunytju Rockhole, Hinckley Range (26.07S— 128.58E),” “Harvey; Eneabba,” “ 24 km NW of Meerebbie (26.58S— 115.58E)”; S. A.: “Flinders Range N. P., Wilpenna Pound”).— Brown 2009: 29 (N. T.: widespread).
description: Published as part of Carpenter, James M. & Brown, Graham R., 2021, Catalogue of the Australian Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 4919 (1) on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4919.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4473370
The ring of arithmetical functions with unitary convolution: General Truncations
Creators: name: Snellman, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11A25; 13J05

description: Let A denote the ring of arithmetical functions with unitary convolution, and let V be a finite subset of the positive integers having the property that for every v in V, all unitary divisors of v lie in V. We study the truncation A_V, an artinian monomial quotient of a polynomial ring in finitely many indeterminates, isomorphic to the ``Artinified'' Stanley-Reisner ring C[\bar{Δ(V)}] of a certain simplicial complex Δ(V).
description: 27 pages, LaTeX2e
On the IR/UV mixing and experimental limits on the parameters of canonical noncommutative spacetimes
Creators: name: Amelino-Camelia, Giovanni
name: Mandanici, Gianluca
name: Yoshida, Kensuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate some issues that are relevant for the derivation of experimental limits on the parameters of canonical noncommutative spacetimes. By analyzing a simple Wess-Zumino-type model in canonical noncommutative spacetime with soft supersymmetry breaking we explore the implications of ultraviolet supersymmetry on low-energy phenomenology. The fact that new physics in the ultraviolet can modify low-energy predictions affects significantly the derivation of limits on the noncommutativity parameters based on low-energy data. These are, in an appropriate sense here discussed, ``conditional limits''. We also find that some standard techniques for an effective low-energy description of theories with non-locality at short distance scales are only applicable in a regime where theories in canonical noncommutative spacetime lack any predictivity, because of the strong sensitivity to unknown UV physics. It appears useful to combine high-energy data, from astrophysics, with the more readily available low-energy data.
description: 14 pages
The Whistleblower Protection Act (Japan) 2004: A Critical and Comparative Analysis of Corporate Malfeasance in Japan
Creators: name: Coney, Peter
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This article is a critical analysis of Japan’s Whistleblower Protection Act 2004 (‘WPA’) insofar as this law bears upon corporate malfeasance and especially corporate fraud. This legislation has become the fulcrum of the legal apparatus that bears upon whistleblowing in that country. The domestic aspect of the discussion assesses the WPA in its corporate and cultural contexts and its international aspect compares the WPA to legislation in other countries, including the US, the UK and Australia. Although there is little research on this legislation, the authors conclude that even though it has largely been ineffective, it has had some success in both protecting whistleblowers and in making whistleblowing more acceptable in corporate Japan. The article concludes with amendment proposals that could make the WPA considerably more effective.
Asymptotically Optimal Sampling-based Planners
Creators: name: Bekris, Kostas E.
name: Shome, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An asymptotically optimal sampling-based planner employs sampling to solve robot motion planning problems and returns paths with a cost that converges to the optimal solution cost, as the number of samples approaches infinity. This comprehensive article covers the theoretical characteristics of asymptotic optimality of motion planning algorithms, and traces its origins, analysis models, practical performance, extensions, and applications.
Crop Diversification and Agricultural Growth in West Bengal
Creators: name: Dasgupta, Suranjana
name: Bhaumik, Sankar K.
name: Dasgupta, Suranjana
name: Bhaumik, Sankar K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Crop diversification
subject: Agricultural growth
subject: Cropping pattern.

description: This paper examines the trend and pattern of diversification of the crop sector in West Bengal during the period 1980-81 to 2009-10. In this context, the paper examines the impact of crop diversification on agricultural output growth in West Bengal. We also look into the sources of growth of the crop sector that accounts for about 80 per cent of the total value of agricultural output in West Bengal. The factors contributing to diversification of the cropping pattern are also examined.
Orientations and ‘Deviations’: Sexuality in Anti-Discrimination Law
Creators: name: Bennett, Theodore
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: In 2013 the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth) was amended in order to include the new ground of ‘sexual orientation’. This amendment was specifically intended to extend federal anti-discrimination protections to cover gay men, lesbian women and bisexual people for the first time. However, in the case of Bunning v Centacare (2015) 293 FLR 37 the Federal Circuit Court was asked to decide whether, as a matter of law, polyamory constituted a ‘sexual orientation’ under this new ground. This case highlights the questions that a number of academic commentators have raised in recent years about whether anti-discrimination protections around sexuality should cover a broader scope than simply homosexuality, bisexuality and heterosexuality. Drawing on this recent commentary and these new federal legal developments, this article critically analyses the problematic way in which anti-discrimination laws differentially protect some types of sexuality and not others. This article argues that such laws should cover a broader range of sexuality, including minority sexualities such as polyamory, asexuality, and sadomasochism.
Competitiveness of Major Crops in Post-WTO Period in Andhra Pradesh
Creators: name: Rani, Usha
name: Reddy, G.P.
name: Prasad, Y.E.
name: Reddy, A. Amarender
name: Rani, Usha
name: Reddy, G.P.
name: Prasad, Y.E.
name: Reddy, A. Amarender
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Production Economics
subject: WTO
subject: Welfare gains
subject: Crop competitiveness.

description: In Andhra Pradesh, rice, maize, cotton and groundnut are the major crops. There are significant changes in the competitiveness and policy environment and its implications for crop competitiveness in post-WTO regime. This paper examines the trends in area, production and yield and competitiveness of major crops in pre- and post-WTO period and its implications on the producer, consumer surplus and social cost benefits at state level. Rice, maize and cotton registered impressive growth in production in post-WTO period. Trade competitiveness of rice showed that the state had improved competitiveness in rice production as shown by domestic resource cost (DRC) and nominal protection coefficient (NPC) levels. The effective protection coefficient (EPC) shows that rice production was fairly protected by the government. In case of maize NPC values shows non-competitiveness and EPC results revealed inefficiency in production. Growth rate of production of groundnut is lower during post-WTO period, even though it is efficient and competitive producer mainly due to the high fluctuations in prices and yields. The state is an efficient and competitive producer of cotton and its area increased steeply. Welfare gains in all crops were much larger than the respective welfare losses due to liberalisation. Welfare gain was high in case of cotton, followed by rice, groundnut and maize. The net effect to the economy of the state due to liberalisation was substantial in rice and maize.
Examining the Inefficiency of Transit Systems Using Latent Class Stochastic Frontier Models
Creators: name: Sakano, Ryoichi
name: Obeng, Kofi
name: Sakano, Ryoichi
name: Obeng, Kofi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Public Economics

description: This paper estimates a single class stochastic cost frontier model that accounts for heterogeneity by including background variables and a latent class model of the same specification. It is found that both the two-sided random errors and one-sided errors (cost inefficiency) are substantially smaller in the latter model than it is in the former, suggesting possible bias in the estimates of inefficiency from the single class model. Further, 58.9%–68.39% of the calculated inefficiencies are due to differences in technology captured by the latent classes. The paper concludes that using background variables only to capture heterogeneity may exaggerate measured inefficiencies in transit systems and suggests the latent class approach as a solution.
On the physical processes which lie at the bases of time variability of GRBs
Creators: name: Ruffini, R.
name: Bianco, C. L.
name: Chardonnet, P.
name: Fraschetti, F.
name: Xue, S. -S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relative-space-time-transformation (RSTT) paradigm and the interpretation of the burst-structure (IBS) paradigm are applied to probe the origin of the time variability of GRBs. Again GRB 991216 is used as a prototypical case, thanks to the precise data from the CGRO, RXTE and Chandra satellites. It is found that with the exception of the relatively inconspicuous but scientifically very important signal originating from the initial ``proper gamma ray burst'' (P-GRB), all the other spikes and time variabilities can be explained by the interaction of the accelerated-baryonic-matter pulse with inhomogeneities in the interstellar matter. This can be demonstrated by using the RSTT paradigm as well as the IBS paradigm, to trace a typical spike observed in arrival time back to the corresponding one in the laboratory time. Using these paradigms, the identification of the physical nature of the time variablity of the GRBs can be made most convincingly. It is made explicit the dependence of a) the intensities of the afterglow, b) the spikes amplitude and c) the actual time structure on the Lorentz gamma factor of the accelerated-baryonic-matter pulse. In principle it is possible to read off from the spike structure the detailed density contrast of the interstellar medium in the host galaxy, even at very high redshift.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Scaling in Numerical Simulations of Domain Walls
Creators: name: Garagounis, Theodore
name: Hindmarsh, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of domain wall networks appearing after phase transitions in the early Universe. They exhibit interesting dynamical scaling behaviour which is not yet well understood, and are also simple models for the more phenomenologically acceptable string networks. We have run numerical simulations in two- and three-dimensional lattices of sizes up to 4096^3. The theoretically predicted scaling solution for the wall area density A ~ 1/t is supported by the simulation results, while no evidence of a logarithmic correction reported in previous studies could be found. The energy loss mechanism appears to be direct radiation, rather than the formation and collapse of closed loops or spheres. We discuss the implications for the evolution of string networks.
description: 7pp RevTeX, 9 eps files (including six 220kB ones)
Cornering Spontaneous CP Violation with Charged-Higgs Searches
Creators: name: Nierste, Ulrich
name: Tabet, Mustafa
name: Ziegler, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Decades of precision measurements have firmly established the Kobayashi-Maskawa phase as the dominant source of the CP violation observed in weak quark decays. However, it is still unclear whether CP violation is explicitly encoded in complex Yukawa matrices or instead stems from spontaneous symmetry breaking with underlying CP-conserving Yukawa and Higgs sectors. Here we study the latter possibility for the case of a generic two-Higgs-doublet model. We find that theoretical constraints limit the ratio $t_β$ of the vacuum expectation values to the range $0.22 \leq t_β\leq 4.5$ and imply the upper bounds $M_{H^\pm}\leq 435$ GeV, $M_{H_{2}^0} \leq 485$ GeV and $M_{H_{3}^0} \leq 545$ GeV for the charged and extra neutral Higgs masses. We derive lower bounds on charged-Higgs couplings to bottom quarks which provide a strong motivation to study the non-standard production and decay signatures $p p \to qb H^\pm(\to q^\prime b)$ with all flavors $q,q^\prime=u,c,t$ in the search for the charged Higgs boson. We further present a few benchmark scenarios with interesting discovery potential in collider analyses.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure; v2: minor changes, references added, matches published version
Comparison of Factors Associated with Run‐Off‐Road and Non‐Run‐Off‐Road Crashes in Kansas
Creators: name: Roy, Uttara
name: Dissanayake, Sunanda
name: Roy, Uttara
name: Dissanayake, Sunanda
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Public Economics

description: This study examines the trends, characteristics, as well as contributory causes associated with run-off-road (ROR) and non-run-off-road (NROR) crashes. Likelihood ratios of these causes for ROR crashes with respect to NROR crashes are assessed using the Bayesian Statistical Approach. Nighttime, weekends, adverse weather, rural area, gravel and curved roads, higher speed limits, wet and icy road surface, and utility vehicles are found to be the common characteristics of ROR crashes. Fell asleep, ill or medical condition, driving under the influence, too fast for conditions, tires and wheels, strong winds, freezing rain, shoulders, ruts, holes, and bumps are found to have the greatest likelihood ratios and as such have a greater role in contributing to ROR crashes than NROR crashes.
Forecasting e-scooter substitution of direct and access trips by mode and distance
Creators: name: Lee, Mina
name: Chow, Joseph Y. J.
name: Yoon, Gyugeun
name: He, Brian Yueshuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An e-scooter trip model is estimated from four U.S. cities: Portland, Austin, Chicago and New York City. A log-log regression model is estimated for e-scooter trips based on user age, population, land area, and the number of scooters. The model predicts 75K daily e-scooter trips in Manhattan for a deployment of 2000 scooters, which translates to 77 million USD in annual revenue. We propose a novel nonlinear, multifactor model to break down the number of daily trips by the alternative modes of transportation that they would likely substitute based on statistical similarity. The model parameters reveal a relationship with direct trips of bike, walk, carpool, automobile and taxi as well as access/egress trips with public transit in Manhattan. Our model estimates that e-scooters could replace 32% of carpool; 13% of bike; and 7.2% of taxi trips. The distance structure of revenue from access/egress trips is found to differ from that of other substituted trips.
description: 30 pages, 9 figures
Analysis of Bridge Deterioration Rates: A Case Study of the Northern Plains Region
Creators: name: Tolliver, Denver
name: Lu, Pan
name: Tolliver, Denver
name: Lu, Pan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Public Economics

description: A bridge deterioration model is estimated from the National Bridge Inventory that explains and forecasts future condition as a function of bridge material, bridge design, operating rating classification, average daily traffic, the state where the bridge is located, and the age of the bridge. Over the 95-year analysis period, the rate of bridge deterioration with age is a third-order polynomial function. However, the relationship between condition and age is approximately linear until age 65. Holding all else constant, a bridge substructure in the Northern Plains loses approximately one-half of a condition rating point every 13 years until age 65.
Indigenous Knowledge and Culture in Australia — The Case for Sui Generis Legislation
Creators: name: Stoianoff, Natalie
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This article makes the case for the implementation of sui generis legislation in Australia for the protection of Indigenous knowledge and culture. The article commences with a review of Australia’s historical engagement with the issue of protecting Indigenous knowledge and culture, and then considers Australia’s international obligations within this context. The article then provides an analysis of what has been implemented across Australia in response to its international obligations. The key issues regarding the protection of Indigenous knowledge and culture are considered together with an analysis of how international developments and domestic studies and reports are addressing those issues. Based on this experience, the authors argue for a sui generis legislative regime to protect Indigenous knowledge and culture in Australia.
Modeling Investments in County and Local Roads to Support Agricultural Logistics.
Creators: name: Tolliver, Denver
name: Dybing, Alan
name: Lu, Pan
name: Lee, EunSu
name: Tolliver, Denver
name: Dybing, Alan
name: Lu, Pan
name: Lee, EunSu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Investments in local roads in North Dakota to support agricultural logistics are estimated with a detailed model that predicts flows from 1,406 crop-producing zones to 317 elevators and plants, and forecasts improvements and maintenance costs for paved and unpaved roads. The study finds that (1) the average farm-to-market trip distance has increased from 12 miles in 1980 to 26 miles in 2009, (2) the estimated resurfacing cost per mile for agricultural distribution routes is 40% greater than for non-agricultural routes, and (3) the estimated cost to maintain acceptable service levels on county and local roads is roughly double historical funding levels.
Tarunabh Khaitan, A Theory of Discrimination Law (Oxford University Press, 2015)
Creators: name: Allen, Dominique
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This content was published in the Monash University Law Review, the flagship academic journal of Monash Law School, managed by a team of student editors.
The Historical Foundations of the Duty of Care
Creators: name: Plunkett, James C
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: The duty of care serves a valuable function in the law of negligence: it specifies when damage caused by another’s carelessness becomes actionable. This article explores how this valuable function, central to the analysis of liability for negligence, came to be served by the idea of a ‘duty of care’. The article first traces the evolution of the duty of care from its earliest beginnings to the point at which it became fixed as an element of the developing action for negligence. The article then explores the judiciary’s development and articulation of the duty concept. In particular, it examines how the courts developed tests for the scope and content of a duty, how it came to be a duty of care, and how the existence of such a duty came to be based on the idea of foreseeability.
Baggage Fees and Airline Performance: A Case Study of Initial Investor Misperception
Creators: name: Barone, Gerhard J.
name: Henrickson, Kevin E.
name: Voy, Annie
name: Barone, Gerhard J.
name: Henrickson, Kevin E.
name: Voy, Annie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Public Economics

description: In response to increasing fuel costs, airlines began introducing baggage fees as a new source of revenue, fees which have since been increased. In this study, an event study methodology is used to examine the impact of these announcements on airline stock prices. The results indicate that the initial announcements led to negative abnormal returns for the announcing firm and other competing airlines, as they were interpreted as a sign of industry weakness. However, the results also show that subsequent increases in baggage fees, which had been shown to positively impact the airline’s financial performance, are associated with positive abnormal returns.
Reconciling Law and Morality in a Secular Legal System: Christian and Jewish Approaches to Lawyers' Ethics
Creators: name: Murray, Katie
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This content was published in the Monash University Law Review, the flagship academic journal of Monash Law School, managed by a team of student editors.
Taking Advantage' of Substantial Market Power, and Other Profit-Focused Tests for Unilateral Anticompetitive Conduct
Creators: name: Kemp, Katharine
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This content was published in the Monash University Law Review, the flagship academic journal of Monash Law School, managed by a team of student editors.
Making Copyright Content Available in the Cloud vs the Making of Copies: Revisiting Optus TV and Aereo
Creators: name: Foong, Cheryl
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: In the digital environment, the commercialisation of copyright content is increasingly led by access to content, rather than the provision of copies. Copyright law nevertheless remains fixated on copies, or more specifically, copyright owners’ exclusive reproduction right. This unwavering fixation on copying blinds us to the potential afforded by the right to make works available to the public — a broad right introduced in 1996 by the WIPO Internet Treaties to address the interactive communication channels afforded by the internet. The default approach in cases involving cloudbased services is to overlook the ‘act’ of making available, and stretch the reproduction right to encompass the activities of a service provider. As a result, the scope of the ‘making available’ right remains uncertain and its potential unrealised. Using prominent Australian and US cases — NRL v Singtel Optus and ABC v Aereo — this article illustrates the importance of clearly conceptualising the ‘act’ of making available, which allows courts to allocate responsibility for primary infringement of the making available right in a principled manner, without unduly restricting the development of innovative services in the cloud.
A homological definition of the Jones polynomial
Creators: name: Bigelow, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25, 57M27, 20F36

description: We give a new definition of the Jones polynomial. Let L be an oriented knot or link obtained as the plat closure of a braid beta in B_{2n}. We define a covering space tilde{C} of the space of unordered n-tuples of distinct points in the 2n-punctured disk. We then describe two n-manifolds tilde{S} and tilde{T} in tilde{C}, and show that the Jones polynomial of L can be defined as an intersection pairing between tilde{S} and beta tilde{T}. Our construction is similar to one given by Lawrence, but more concrete.
description: Published by Geometry and Topology Monographs at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/gt/GTMon4/paper3.abs.html
Conditional LSTM-GAN for Melody Generation from Lyrics
Creators: name: Yu, Yi
name: Srivastava, Abhishek
name: Canales, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Melody generation from lyrics has been a challenging research issue in the field of artificial intelligence and music, which enables to learn and discover latent relationship between interesting lyrics and accompanying melody. Unfortunately, the limited availability of paired lyrics-melody dataset with alignment information has hindered the research progress. To address this problem, we create a large dataset consisting of 12,197 MIDI songs each with paired lyrics and melody alignment through leveraging different music sources where alignment relationship between syllables and music attributes is extracted. Most importantly, we propose a novel deep generative model, conditional Long Short-Term Memory - Generative Adversarial Network (LSTM-GAN) for melody generation from lyrics, which contains a deep LSTM generator and a deep LSTM discriminator both conditioned on lyrics. In particular, lyrics-conditioned melody and alignment relationship between syllables of given lyrics and notes of predicted melody are generated simultaneously. Experimental results have proved the effectiveness of our proposed lyrics-to-melody generative model, where plausible and tuneful sequences can be inferred from lyrics.
Expansion of PrEP and PEP services in China
Creators: name: Wang, Hui
name: Tang, Weiming
name: Shang, Hong
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2022

description:
Despite the progress made in HIV control in China, an average of 15 new HIV infections were identified each hour in 2021, reflecting a cumulative number of 1.14 million cases by the end of the year. More than 97% of the newly identified HIV infections occurred through sexual transmission, with male-to-male sexual contacts accounting for over 25%. This infection rate is even worse in developed provinces, where men who have sex with men (MSM) account for more than 50% of new HIV infections.
THEMATIC ANALYSIS OF DISABILITY COVERAGE: HOPES AND HARDSHIPS OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
Creators: name: Martinez-Hall, Kaitlin M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: disability studies
journalism
transitivity analysis
calling out
silent exemplars

description: Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) was used for analysis of themes and kinds of portrayal of people with disabilities in the written content, and audio and video transcripts of 31 placed entries for the National Center on Disability and Journalism contest from 2013-2020. With transitivity analysis as the method of analysis, there was uncovering of material goal not processes, relational identifying and behavioral processes that led to identifying themes of negligence, incompetence and violence against, and occasionally by people with disabilities. Implications for future research include using transitivity analysis in disability and journalism studies research to examine subjects as Actors, Behavers and more through the transitivity process. Additionally, further research can be conducted on the journalistic process of “calling out,” a term coined as linked to transitivity analysis in this study to mean the identifying action when reporters highlight negative or failed actions on the part of people or corporations in news content.
Electronic Appraisal Methodology for Right-of-Way Acquisition in Highway Projects
Creators: name: Caldas, Carlos H.
name: Zhang, Zhanmin
name: Al Halabi, Ragheb
name: Kincaid, Elizabeth
name: Caldas, Carlos H.
name: Zhang, Zhanmin
name: Al Halabi, Ragheb
name: Kincaid, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Public Economics

description: When right-of-way is acquired for highway projects, state departments of transportation (DOTs) must ensure property owners receive a fair market value for their land by delivering high-quality appraisals. Despite recent technological advances, the highly complicated appraisal process often results in similar properties being assessed differently. Several DOTs sponsored a study to develop an electronic appraisal method to improve the appraisal process and to reduce the likelihood of inconsistent appraisal values by capturing, transmitting, storing, managing, and analyzing the appraisal data. The proposed method’s framework is discussed and a prototype of the system has been developed to demonstrate its features.
Exact Solutions in Open Bosonic String Field Theory and Marginal Deformation in CFT
Creators: name: Kluson, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we continue our study f the exact solution in open bosonic string field theory. We present new solution in the string field theory defined on the background corresponding to the boundary conformal field theory describing D25-brane. Then we will study the fluctuation modes around this solution and we determine their basic properties from the linearised equation of motion of the string field theory defined above the classical solution.
description: 21 pages, Improved interpretation of given solution, new analysis of perturbation performed
Number of Distinguishing Colorings and Partitions
Creators: name: Ahmadi, Bahman
name: Alinaghipour, Fatemeh
name: Shekarriz, Mohammad Hadi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C15, 05C25, 05C30

description: A vertex coloring of a graph $G$ is called distinguishing (or symmetry breaking) if no non-identity automorphism of $G$ preserves it, and the distinguishing number, shown by $D(G)$, is the smallest number of colors required for such a coloring. This paper is about counting non-equivalent distinguishing colorings of graphs with $k$ colors. A parameter, namely $Φ_k (G)$, which is the number of non-equivalent distinguishing colorings of a graph $G$ with at most $k$ colors, is shown here to have an application in calculating the distinguishing number of the lexicographic product and the $X$-join of graphs. We study this index (and some other similar indices) which is generally difficult to calculate. Then, we show that if one knows the distinguishing threshold of a graph $G$, which is the smallest number of colors $θ(G)$ so that, for $k\geq θ(G)$, every $k$-coloring of $G$ is distinguishing, then, in some special cases, counting the number of distinguishing colorings with $k$ colors is very easy. We calculate $θ(G)$ for some classes of graphs including the Kneser graph $K(n,2)$. We then turn to vertex partitioning by studying the distinguishing coloring partition of a graph $G$; a partition of vertices of $G$ which induces a distinguishing coloring for $G$. There, we introduce $Ψ_k (G)$ as the number of non-equivalent distinguishing coloring partitions with at most $k$ cells, which is a generalization to its distinguishing coloring counterpart.
Military Infrastructure in the Philippines: Defense Partnership Policy and the Future
Creators: name: Blancaflor, Hermann
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Infrastructure; Philippines; Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement; Mutual Defense Treaty; China; South China Sea; Nine-Dash Line; Spratleys; Rodrigo Duterte; USINDOPACOM; mutual defense

description: Ever since the United States and the Philippines were joined by the result of the Spanish-American War, a unique bond of mutual defense has been shared by their people. Although this bond has never been without strain, the “special relationship” between the United States and the Philippines is a mutual benefit of defense for both nations.
 Shared-use infrastructure and the corresponding military partnership in the Philippines is the critical capability necessary to maintain regional stability, but Filipino nationalism and sovereignty are at odds with American ownership and occupation, even in the spirit of mutual defense. How can the United States adhere to multiple strategic and defense cooperation agreements, its own policies, and enforce stability in the Asia-Pacific region, while respecting the sovereignty and independence of the Filipino people?
 Strategic considerations drive military basing and infrastructure in the Philippines. The longstanding military partnership between the United States and the Philippines is driven by international policy and domestic considerations. Bold implementation of the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement of 2014, with a careful balancing of respect for Philippine sovereignty, is necessary to maintain regional balance in accordance with the 2017 National Security Strategy.
description: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited
Claiming Justice in Injury Law
Creators: name: Grant, Genevieve M
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Contemporary personal injury law lives and breathes in the bureaucratic processing of compensation claims. Little empirical legal scholarship has explored claimant experiences in Australian compensation systems, despite their central role in access to justice for the injured. This article explores claimant experiences in compensation processes using data from a large longitudinal cohort study of patients admitted to hospital with injuries in three states (Victoria, New South Wales and South Australia). At 6 years after injury, participants (n=332) who had pursued claims in transport accident or workers’ compensation claims were interviewed about their experiences. The study highlights the diversity of claimant experiences and key themes in claimant encounters with compensation systems, including the relationship between rights information, advocacy and representation, and the inherent justice-based tensions in claims processing. The findings demonstrate that analysis of claimant experiences of injury law in its primary, bureaucratic form can provide important evidence for the evaluation and development of compensation systems.
Short, Cold, and Mostly Dry Conditions in Nili Planum Leading to the Olivine-Carbonate Unit Formation: Results from Reactive Transport Modeling
Creators: name: Kaufman, Sierra V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Input, database, and executable files for CrunchFlow models run in "Short, Cold, and Mostly Dry Conditions in Nili Planum Leading to the Olivine-Carbonate Unit Formation: Results from Reactive Transport Modeling"