cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Unifying Theory for Casimir Forces: Bulk and Surface Formulations
Creators: name: Bimonte, Giuseppe
name: Emig, Thorsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The principles of the electromagnetic fluctuation-induced phenomena such as Casimir forces are well understood. However, recent experimental advances require universal and efficient methods to compute these forces. While several approaches have been proposed in the literature, their connection is often not entirely clear, and some of them have been introduced as purely numerical techniques. Here we present a unifying approach for the Casimir force and free energy that builds on both the Maxwell stress tensor and path integral quantization. The result is presented in terms of either bulk or surface operators that describe corresponding current fluctuations. Our surface approach yields a novel formula for the Casimir free energy. The path integral is presented both within a Lagrange and Hamiltonian formulation yielding different surface operators and expressions for the free energy that are equivalent. We compare our approaches to previously developed numerical methods and the scattering approach. The practical application of our methods is exemplified by the derivation of the Lifshitz formula.
description: 37 pages, 2 figures
Dual-energy CT imaging with limited-angular-range data
Creators: name: Chen, Buxin
name: Zhang, Zheng
name: Xia, Dan
name: Sidky, Emil Y.
name: Pan, Xiaochuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), low- and high- kVp data are collected often over a full-angular range (FAR) of $360^\circ$. While there exists strong interest in DECT with low- and high-kVp data acquired over limited-angular ranges (LARs), there remains little investigation of image reconstruction in DECT with LAR data. Objective: We investigate image reconstruction with minimized LAR artifacts from low- and high-kVp data over LARs of $\le 180^\circ$ by using a directional-total-variation (DTV) algorithm. Methods: Image reconstruction from LAR data is formulated as a convex optimization problem in which data-$\ell_2$ is minimized with constraints on image's DTVs along orthogonal axes. We then achieve image reconstruction by applying the DTV algorithm to solve the optimization problem. We conduct numerical studies from data generated over arcs of LARs, ranging from $14^\circ$ to $180^\circ$, and perform visual inspection and quantitative analysis of images reconstructed. Results: Monochromatic images of interest obtained with the DTV algorithm from LAR data show substantially reduced artifacts that are observed often in images obtained with existing algorithms. The improved image quality also leads to accurate estimation of physical quantities of interest, such as effective atomic number and iodine-contrast concentration. Conclusion: Our study reveals that from LAR data of low- and high-kVp, monochromatic images can be obtained that are visually, and physical quantities can be estimated that are quantitatively, comparable to those obtained in FAR DECT. Significance: As LAR DECT is of high practical application interest, the results acquired in the work may engender insights into the design of DECT with LAR scanning configurations of practical application significance.
description: 23 pages, 18 figures, to be published in Physics in Medicine & Biology
Multilayered Molybdenum Carbonitride MXene: Reductive Defunctionalization, Thermal Stability, and Catalysis of Ammonia Synthesis and Decomposition
Creators: name: Kountoupi, Evgenia
name: Piankova, Diana
name: Agrachev, Mikhail
name: Chen, Zixuan
name: Garbujo, Alberto
name: Abdala, Paula Macarena
name: Müller, Christoph R.
name: Fedorov, Alexey
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: MXene carbonitride
Two-dimensional materials
Reductive defunctionalization
Carbon and nitrogen vacancies
Ammonia synthesis and decomposition

description: Harnessing two-dimensional (2D) materials for catalytic applications is promising due to the high site utilization. Here, we synthesized a 2D molybdenum carbonitride of the MXene family, Mo2(C,N)Tx, and applied it as a catalyst for ammonia synthesis and decomposition, the essential reactions to establish NH3 as an energy vector. We determine the thermal stability limit of Mo2(C,N)Tx under H2 flow to be ca. 575 C. Exceeding this temperature results, under H2, in a transformation of the predominantly defunctionalized Mo2(C,N)Tx to a 3D Mo2(C,N) phase, which prevents the complete defunctionalization of Mo2(C,N)Tx while retaining its 2D morphology. Before this phase transformation occurs, the remaining Tx species reside in the interior layers of the mostly defunctionalized Mo2(C,N)Tx nanoplatelets, with the amorphous exterior being free from Tx groups, rendering the Mo2(C,N)Tx nanoplatelets chemically anisotropic in the direction orthogonal to the basal plane. The effect of this structure on catalytic properties is highlighted in the thermocatalytic synthesis and decomposition of NH3. In the latter reaction, Mo2(C,N)Tx shows similar gravimetric rates to a reference bulk β-Μο2Ν catalyst, which is ascribed to the presence of too narrow 2D pores (ca. 5.2 Å) with irregular shapes due to a disorder in the stacking of nanosheets in Mo2(C,N)Tx, limiting interlayer diffusion. A deactivation pathway in Mo-based MXenes was identified, and it relates to a precipitation of carbon vacancies to metallic molybdenum under NH3 decomposition conditions. While the ammonia decomposition reaction shows no dependence of the reaction rate on the specific H2 pretreatment of Mo2(C,N)Tx (500 or 575 C), the gravimetric ammonia formation rate increases appreciably with H2 pretreatment, viz., Mo2(C,N)Tx pretreated at 575 C outperforms by ca. four times both the reference β-Μο2Ν catalyst and Mo2(C,N)Tx pretreated at 500 C, explained by a smaller molecule size of the reactants H2 and N2 relative to NH3, and an increased accessibility and utilization of the interlayer space for ammonia synthesis. Overall, our study highlights the importance of addressing limitations due to small pore sizes in multilayered MXenes and the stability of carbon vacancies while simultaneously using optimized pretreatment conditions for surface defunctionalization to uncover the full potential of MXene-based heterogeneous catalysts.
description: ChemRxiv
description: ISSN:2573-2293
Additional file 3 of Disability and self-care living strategies among adults living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: O’Brien, Kelly K.
name: Bayoumi, Ahmed M.
name: Chan Carusone, Soo
name: Davis, Aileen M.
name: Aubry, Rachel
name: Avery, Lisa
name: Solomon, Patricia
name: Erlandson, Kristine M.
name: Bergin, Colm
name: Harding, Richard
name: Brown, Darren A.
name: Vera, Jaime H.
name: Hanna, Steven E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Living strategies use and change of use since the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 63).
IMKONOYATI CHEKLANGAN MAKTABGACHA TA'LIM TASHKILOTI  PEDAGOG  XODIMLARI  FAOLIYATIDA  YUZAGA KELADIGAN PSIXOLOGIK  HOLATLAR
Creators: name: Ataxanova, Lobar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Bugungi kunda o‘sib kelayotgan yosh avlodni tarbiyalashga masul bo‘lgan pedagog hodimlarning pedagogik va psixologik xolatlarini har tamonlama o‘rganish muhimdir.Ayniqsa imkoniyati cheklangan maktabgacha ta’lim tashkiloti faoliyat yuritayotgan pedagog xodimlarning faoliyatida yuz berdigan har-xil ruhiy holatlarni etiborga olish joyiz.Chunki maskur tashkilotlarda faoliyat yurutuvchi pedagog xodimlar  stress, depressiya, kasbiy kuyush sindromi holatlariga ko‘plab duchor bo‘lishi kuzatiladi.
Fine structure and optical pumping of spins in individual semiconductor quantum dots
Creators: name: Bracker, Allan S.
name: Gammon, Daniel
name: Korenev, Vladimir L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review spin properties of semiconductor quantum dots and their effect on optical spectra. Photoluminescence and other types of spectroscopy are used to probe neutral and charged excitons in individual quantum dots with high spectral and spatial resolution. Spectral fine structure and polarization reveal how quantum dot spins interact with each other and with their environment. By taking advantage of the selectivity of optical selection rules and spin relaxation, optical spin pumping of the ground state electron and nuclear spins is achieved. Through such mechanisms, light can be used to process spins for use as a carrier of information.
Investigating the delay between dust radiation and star-formation in local and distant quenching galaxies
Creators: name: Ciesla, Laure
name: Buat, Veronique
name: Boquien, Mederic
name: Boselli, Alessandro
name: Elbaz, David
name: Aufort, Gregoire
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the timescale with which the IR luminosity decreases after a complete and rapid quenching of star formation using observations of local and high-redshift galaxies. From SED modelling, we derive the time since quenching of a subsample of 14 galaxies from the Herschel Reference Survey suffering from ram-pressure stripping due to the environment of the Virgo cluster and of a subsample of 7 rapidly quenched COSMOS galaxies selected through a state-of-the-art statistical method already tested on the determination of galaxies' star formation history. Three out of the 7 COSMOS galaxies have an optical spectra with no emission line, confirming their quenched nature. Present physical properties of the two samples are obtained as well as the past L$_{IR}$ of these galaxies, just before their quenching, from the long-term SFH properties. This past L$_{IR}$ is shown to be consistent with the L$_{IR}$ of reference samples of normally star-forming galaxies with same $M_*$ and $z$ than each of our quenched galaxies. We put constraints on the present to past L$_{IR}$ ratio as a function of quenching time. The two samples probe different dynamical ranges in terms of quenching age with the HRS galaxies exhibiting longer timescales (0.2-3\,Gyr) compared to the COSMOS one ($<100$\,Myr). Assuming an exponential decrease of the L$_{IR}$ after quenching, the COSMOS quenched galaxies are consistent with short e-folding times less than a couple of hundreds of Myr while the properties of the HRS quenched galaxies are compatible with timescales of several hundreds of Myr. For the HRS sample, this result is consistent with ram pressure stripping due to the environment. For the COSMOS sample, different quenching processes are acting on short to intermediate timescales. Processes such as galaxy mergers, disk instabilities or environmental effects can produce such strong star formation variability.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Self-Similarity of $k$-Nearest Neighbor Distributions in Scale-Free Simulations
Creators: name: Garrison, Lehman H.
name: Abel, Tom
name: Eisenstein, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the $k$-nearest neighbor probability distribution function ($k$NN-PDF, Banerjee & Abel 2021) to assess convergence in a scale-free $N$-body simulation. Compared to our previous two-point analysis, the $k$NN-PDF allows us to quantify our results in the language of halos and numbers of particles, while also incorporating non-Gaussian information. We find good convergence for 32 particles and greater at densities typical of halos, while 16 particles and fewer appears unconverged. Halving the softening length extends convergence to higher densities, but not to fewer particles. Our analysis is less sensitive to voids, but we analyze a limited range of underdensities and find evidence for convergence at 16 particles and greater even in sparse voids.
description: 9+1 pages, 9+1 figures, submitted to journal. Comments welcome!
Additional file 4 of Disability and self-care living strategies among adults living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: O’Brien, Kelly K.
name: Bayoumi, Ahmed M.
name: Chan Carusone, Soo
name: Davis, Aileen M.
name: Aubry, Rachel
name: Avery, Lisa
name: Solomon, Patricia
name: Erlandson, Kristine M.
name: Bergin, Colm
name: Harding, Richard
name: Brown, Darren A.
name: Vera, Jaime H.
name: Hanna, Steven E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4. Associations between disability severity and self-care living strategies use during the pandemic (n = 63 participants).
Zipf's laws of meaning in Catalan
Creators: name: Català, Neus
name: Baixeries, Jaume
name: Ferrer-Cancho, Ramon
name: Padró, Lluís
name: Hernández-Fernández, Antoni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In his pioneering research, G. K. Zipf formulated a couple of statistical laws on the relationship between the frequency of a word with its number of meanings: the law of meaning distribution, relating the frequency of a word and its frequency rank, and the meaning-frequency law, relating the frequency of a word with its number of meanings. Although these laws were formulated more than half a century ago, they have been only investigated in a few languages. Here we present the first study of these laws in Catalan. We verify these laws in Catalan via the relationship among their exponents and that of the rank-frequency law. We present a new protocol for the analysis of these Zipfian laws that can be extended to other languages. We report the first evidence of two marked regimes for these laws in written language and speech, paralleling the two regimes in Zipf's rank-frequency law in large multi-author corpora discovered in early 2000s. Finally, the implications of these two regimes will be discussed.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures
Additional file 1 of The effect of different soft-tissue management techniques for alveolar ridge preservation: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Creators: name: Papace, Colline
name: Büsch, Christopher
name: Ristow, Oliver
name: Keweloh, Martin
name: Hoffmann, Jürgen
name: Mertens, Christian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. CONSORT 2010 flow diagram.
Additional file 1 of Comparison of carbohydrate ABC importers from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Creators: name: De la Torre, Lilia I.
name: Vergara Meza, José G.
name: Cabarca, Sindy
name: Costa-Martins, André G.
name: Balan, Andrea
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. List of Mycobacterium species used in this work. Table S2. Proteins used as templates for structural modelling of the carbohydrate ABC transporter components of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. SBP: substrate-binding protein; TMD: transmembrane domain; NBD: nucleotide-binding domain. I-TASSER server or Modeller program were used for structural modeling. Table S3. Paired alignment of carbohydrates NBDs and TMDs from M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The analysis was performed using Gremlin complexes. NBD: nucleotide-binding domain, TMD: transmembrane domain. Scaled score: “normalized coupling strength”, a coupling strength larger than one indicates higher than average coupling between two residues. Probability: P (contact | scaled_score, seq/len). I_probability: P (contact | scaled_score, seq/len, top_inter_score).
Dynamical mechanism behind ghosts unveiled in a map complexification
Creators: name: Canela, Jordi
name: Alsedà, Lluís
name: Fagella, Núria
name: Sardanyés, Josep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Complex systems such as ecosystems, electronic circuits, lasers or chemical reactions can be modelled by dynamical systems which typically experience bifurcations. Transients typically suffer extremely long delays at the vicinity of bifurcations and it is also known that these transients follow scaling laws as the bifurcation parameter gets closer the bifurcation value in deterministic systems. The mechanisms involved in local bifurcations are well-known. However, for saddle-node bifurcations, the relevant dynamics after the bifurcation occur in the complex phase space. Hence, the mechanism responsible for the delays and the associated inverse-square root scaling law for this bifurcation can be better understood by looking at the dynamics in the complex space. We follow this approach and complexify a simple ecological system undergoing a saddle-node bifurcation. The discrete model describes a biological system with facilitation (cooperation) under habitat destruction for species with non-overlapping generations. We study the complex (as opposed to real) dynamics once the bifurcation has occurred. We identify the fundamental mechanism causing these long delays (called ghosts), given by two repellers in the complex space. Such repellers appear to be extremely close to the real line, thus forming a narrow channel close to the two new fixed points and responsible for the slow passage of the orbits, which remains tangible in the real numbers phase space. We analytically provide the relation between the inverse square-root scaling law and the multipliers of these repellers. We finally prove that the same phenomenon occurs for more general i.e., non-necessarily polynomial, models.
Radiation reaction and the acceleration-dependent mass increase of a charged sphere undergoing uniform acceleration
Creators: name: Kang, Teyoun
name: Noble, Adam
name: Yoffe, Samuel R.
name: Jaroszynski, Dino A.
name: Hur, Min Sup
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photon emission from a uniformly accelerated charge is among the most mysterious physical phenomena. Theories based on the Lorentz-Abraham-Dirac equation mostly conclude that a uniformly accelerated point charge cannot feel radiation reaction. Such a conclusion suggests that the origin of the photon energy is unclear. In this paper, we determine the self-force of a uniformly accelerated charged sphere using the Lorentz force equation, with an assumption that the sphere is Lorentz-contracted during the acceleration. For large acceleration, the calculated self-force converges to the radiation reaction (given by the Larmor formula) via a new factor $γ_{a}$, which describes an acceleration-dependent increase in the effective mass. This increased mass makes it harder to accelerate the particle (compared to a point-charge), which means more energy should be provided to the particle in order to get the expected acceleration. This extra energy can be interpreted as the origin of the photon energy.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure
A Program Synthesis Approach for Adding Architectural Tactics to An Existing Code Base
Creators: name: Shokri, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatically constructing a program based on given specifications has been studied for decades. Despite the advances in the field of Program Synthesis, the current approaches still synthesize a block of code snippet and leave the task of reusing it in an existing code base to program developers. Due to its program-wide effects, synthesizing an architectural tactic and reusing it in a program is even more challenging. Architectural tactics need to be synthesized based on the context of different locations of the program, broken down to smaller pieces, and added to corresponding locations in the code. Moreover, each piece needs to establish correct data- and control-dependencies to its surrounding environment as well as to the other synthesized pieces. This is an error-prone and challenging task, especially for novice program developers. In this paper, we introduce a novel program synthesis approach that synthesizes architectural tactics and adds them to an existing code base.
description: This paper has been accepted in the 36th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2021) and is going to be published. Please feel free to cite it
Additional file 3 of Comparison of carbohydrate ABC importers from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Creators: name: De la Torre, Lilia I.
name: Vergara Meza, José G.
name: Cabarca, Sindy
name: Costa-Martins, André G.
name: Balan, Andrea
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Sequential and structural differences found in the M. tuberculosis H37Rv carbohydrate ABC transporters TMDs. A Amino acid sequence alignment of TMDs produced with the Clustal Omega program. Proteins can be divided in group 1 (SugB, UspB, UgpB and Rv2039c) and group 2 (SugA, UspA, UgpA and Rv2040c, coloured in gray). The EAA residues of the coupling helix are shown in yellow. Residues forming the interface between SugA and SugB that interact with trehalose in the structure of M. smegmatis LpqY-SugABC transporter are shown in red. M. tuberculosis SugB residues in cyan are the corresponding in M. smegmatis SugB forming the scoop loop. B Structural comparison of TMDs. Comparison can be made for each two models and the coloured residues represent the position of variable regions between two proteins. The percentage in each box represents the amino acid sequence identity between the two proteins. Models of all proteins were built using the SWISS-MODEL program (see Additional file 1, Table S2). C Prediction of topology of the TMDs components from M. tuberculosis H37Rv carbohydrate ABC transporters. Amino acid sequences of the proteins were submitted to the TOPCONS program. The red bars highlight the position of coupling helices.
Additional file 2 of Comparison of carbohydrate ABC importers from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Creators: name: De la Torre, Lilia I.
name: Vergara Meza, José G.
name: Cabarca, Sindy
name: Costa-Martins, André G.
name: Balan, Andrea
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Structural and amino acid sequence differences found in the M. tuberculosis carbohydrate NBD components. A Amino acid sequence alignment of NBDs. The alignment made with Clustal Omega only shows the regulatory domains where the main differences are observed. B Structural comparison of NBDs and the variable positions identified in the amino acid alignment. Differences between every two proteins can be evidenced by the colored spheres. The structural models show regions of amino acid insertion/deletion identified when two proteins are compared. The percentage in each box represents the amino acid sequence identity between two orthologues. Structural models of Rv2038c, UgpC, and SugC were built as described in Additional file 1, Table S2.
Almeida-Thouless transition below six dimensions
Creators: name: Temesvári, Tamás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of an Almeida-Thouless (AT) instability surface below the upper critical dimension 6 is demonstrated in the generic replica symmetric field theory. Renormalization flows from around the zero-field fixed point are investigated. By introducing the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the bare parameters, the fate of the AT line can be followed from mean field (infinite dimensions) down to d<6.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
The distribution of mutual inclinations arising from the stellar quadrupole moment
Creators: name: Schultz, Kathleen
name: Spalding, Christopher
name: Batygin, Konstantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large proportion of transiting planetary systems appear to possess only a single planet as opposed to multiple transiting planets. This excess of singles is indicative of significant mutual inclinations existing within a large number of planetary systems, but the origin of these misalignments is unclear. Moreover, recent observational characterization reveals that mutual inclinations tend to increase with proximity to the host star. These trends are both consistent with the dynamical influence of a strong quadrupolar potential arising from the host star during its early phase of rapid rotation, coupled with a non-zero stellar obliquity. Here, we simulate a population of planetary systems subject to the secular perturbation arising from a tilted, oblate host star as it contracts and spins down subsequent to planet formation. We demonstrate that this mechanism can reproduce the general increase in planet-planet mutual inclinations with proximity to the host star, and delineate a parameter space wherein the host star can drive dynamical instabilities. We suggest that approximately 5-10\% of low-mass Kepler systems are susceptible to this instability mechanism, suggesting that a significant number of single-transiting planets may truly be intrinsically single. We also report a novel connection between instability and stellar obliquity reduction and make predictions that can be tested within upcoming TESS observations.
description: Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 16 pages, 9 figures
CAPOS: the bulge Cluster APOgee Survey II. The Intriguing "Sequoia" Globular Cluster FSR 1758
Creators: name: Romero-Colmenares, María
name: Fernández-Trincado, José G.
name: Geisler, Doug
name: Souza, Stefano O.
name: Villanova, Sandro
name: Minniti, Penélope Longa-Peña Dante
name: Beers, Timothy C.
name: Bidin, Cristian Moni
name: Pérez-Villegas, Angeles
name: Moreno, Edmundo
name: Garro, Elisa R.
name: Baeza, Ian
name: Henao, Lady
name: Barbuy, Beatriz
name: Alonso-García, Javier
name: Cohen, Roger E.
name: Lane, Richard R.
name: Muñoz, Cesar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from a study of fifteen red giant members of the intermediate-metallicity globular cluster (GC) FSR 1758 using high-resolution near-infrared spectra collected with the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment II survey (APOGEE-2), obtained as part of CAPOS (the bulge Cluster APOgee Survey). Since its very recent discovery as a massive GC in the bulge region, evoking the name Sequoia, this has been an intriguing object with a highly debated origin, and initially led to the suggestion of a purported progenitor dwarf galaxy of the same name. In this work, we use new spectroscopic and astrometric data to provide additional clues to the nature of FSR 1758. Our study confirms the GC nature of FSR 1758, and as such we report for the first time the existence of the characteristic N-C anti-correlation and Al-N correlation, revealing the existence of the multiple-population phenomenon, similar to that observed in virtually all GCs. Furthermore, the presence of a population with strongly enriched aluminium makes it unlikely FSR 1758 is the remnant nucleus of a dwarf galaxy, as Al-enhanced stars are uncommon in dwarf galaxies. We find that FSR 1758 is slightly more metal rich than previously reported in the literature, with a mean metallicity [Fe/H] between $-1.43$ to $-1.36$ (depending on the adopted atmospheric parameters), and with a scatter within observational error, again pointing to its GC nature. Overall, the $α$-enrichment ($\gtrsim+0.3$ dex), Fe-peak (Fe, Ni), light- (C, N), and odd-Z (Al) elements follow the trend of intermediate-metallicity GCs. ... A new examination of its dynamical properties with the \texttt{GravPot16} model favors an association with the Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage accretion event. Thus, paradoxically, the cluster that gave rise to the name of the Sequoia dwarf galaxy does not appear to belong to this specific merging event.
description: 15 pages, 8 pages, 3 Tables. Abridged abstract. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)
Discovery of lake-effect clouds on Titan
Creators: name: Brown, M. E.
name: Schaller, E. L.
name: Roe, H. G.
name: CHen, C.
name: Roberts, J.
name: Brown, R. H.
name: Baines, K. H.
name: Clark, R. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Images from instruments on Cassini as well as from telescopes on the ground reveal the presence of sporadic small-scale cloud activity in the cold late-winter north polar of Saturn's large moon Titan. These clouds lie underneath the previously discovered uniform polar cloud attributed to a quiescent ethane cloud at ~40 km and appear confined to the same latitudes as those of the largest known hydrocarbon lakes at the north pole of Titan. The physical properties of these clouds suggest that they are due to methane convection and condensation. Such convection has not been predicted for the cold winter pole, but can be caused by a process in many ways analogous to terrestrial lake-effect clouds. The lakes on Titan are a key connection between the surface and the meteorological cycle.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Phase Stability and Sodium-Vacancy Orderings in a NaSICON Electrode
Creators: name: Wang, Ziliang
name: Park, Sunkyu
name: Deng, Zeyu
name: Carlier, Dany
name: Chotard, Jean-Noël
name: Croguennec, Laurence
name: Gautam, Gopalakrishnan Sai
name: Cheetham, Anthony K.
name: Masquelier, Christian
name: Canepa, Pieremanuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We elucidate the thermodynamics of sodium (Na) intercalation into the sodium super-ionic conductor (NaSICON)-type electrode, Na$_x$V$_2$(PO$_4$)$_3$, for promising Na-ion batteries with high-power density. This is the first report of a computational temperature-composition phase diagram of the NaSICON-type electrode Na$_x$V$_2$(PO$_4$)$_3$. We identify two thermodynamically stable phases at the compositions Na$_2$V$_2$(PO$_4$)$_3$ and Na$_{3.5}$V$_2$(PO$_4$)$_3$, and their structural features are described for the first time based on our computational analysis. We unveil the crystal-structure and the electronic-structure origins of the ground-state compositions associated with specific Na/vacancy arrangements, which are driven by charge orderings on the vanadium sites. These results are significant for the optimization of high-energy and power densities electrodes for sustainable Na-ion batteries
description: 5 figures
Modeling $ε$ Eridani and asteroseismic tests of element diffusion
Creators: name: Gai, Ning
name: Bi, Shao-Lan
name: Tang, Yan-Ke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Taking into account the helium and metal diffusion, we explore the possible evolutionary status and perform seismic analysis of MOST target: the star $ε$ Eridani. We adopt the different input parameters to construct the models by fitting the available observational constraints: e.g., $T_{eff}$, $L$, $R$, $[Fe/H]$. From computation, we obtain the average large spacings of $ε$ Eridani about $194\pm 1 μ$Hz. The age of the diffused models has been found to be about 1 Gyr, which is younger than one determined previously by models without diffusion. We found that the effect of pure helium diffusion on the internal structure of the young low-mass star is slight, but the metal diffusion influence is obvious. The metal diffusion leads the models to have much higher temperature in the radiation interior, correspondingly the higher sound speed in the interior of the model, thereby the larger frequency and spacings.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ChjAA
Breathing patterns in nonlinear relaxation
Creators: name: Holmer, Justin
name: Zworski, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In numerical experiments involving nonlinear solitary waves propagating through nonhomogeneous media one observes "breathing" in the sense of the amplitude of the wave going up and down on a much faster scale than the motion of the wave. In this paper we investigate this phenomenon in the simplest case of stationary waves in which the evolution corresponds to relaxation to a nonlinear ground state. The particular model is the popular $ δ_0 $ impurity in the cubic nonlinear Schroedinger equation on the line. We give asymptotics of the amplitude on a finite but relevant time interval and show their remarkable agreement with numerical experiments. We stress the nonlinear origin of the "breathing patterns" caused by the selection of the ground state depending on the initial data, and by the non-normality of the linearized operator.
Supermetal-insulator transition in a non-Hermitian network model
Creators: name: Liu, Hui
name: You, Jhih-Shih
name: Ryu, Shinsei
name: Fulga, Ion Cosma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a non-Hermitian and non-unitary version of the two-dimensional Chalker-Coddington network model with balanced gain and loss. This model belongs to the class D^dagger with particle-hole symmetry^dagger and hosts both the non-Hermitian skin effect as well as exceptional points. By calculating its two-terminal transmission, we find a novel contact effect induced by the skin effect, which results in a non-quantized transmission for chiral edge states. In addition, the model exhibits an insulator to 'supermetal' transition, across which the transmission changes from exponentially decaying with system size to exponentially growing with system size. In the clean system, the critical point separating insulator from supermetal is characterized by a non-Hermitian Dirac point that produces a quantized critical transmission of 4, instead of the value of 1 expected in Hermitian systems. This change in critical transmission is a consequence of the balanced gain and loss. When adding disorder to the system, we find a critical exponent for the divergence of the localization length ν\approx 1, which is the same as that characterizing the universality class of two-dimensional Hermitian systems in class D. Our work provides a novel way of exploring the localization behavior of non-Hermitian systems, by using network models, which in the past proved versatile tools to describe Hermitian physics.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, and 4 tables. Comments are welcome
Higher pitched bird song towards the coast supports a role for selection in ocean noise avoidance
Creators: name: Sebastianelli, Matteo
name: Blumstein, Daniel T.
name: Kirschel, Alexander N. G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Zoology

description: We provide electronic supplementary material, the script for statistical analysis in R and the two data sets used for statistical analysis.
Ambient noise from ocean surf drives frequency shifts in non-passerine bird song
Creators: name: Sebastianelli, Matteo
name: Blumstein, Daniel T.
name: Kirschel, Alexander N. G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Zoology

description: We provide electronic supplementary material, the script for statistical analysis in R and the two data sets used for statistical analysis.
Oritavancin (KIMYRSA™) in acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections: a profile of its use in the USA
Creators: name: Heo, Young-A
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine

description: DeclarationsFunding The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding.Authorship and conflict of interest Young-A Heo, a salaried employee of Adis International Ltd/Springer Nature and an editor of Drugs & Therapy Perspectives, was not involved in any publishing decisions for the manuscript and declares no declare no relevant conflicts of interest. All authors contributed to the review and are responsible for the article contentEthics approval, Consent to participate, Consent for publication, Availability of data and material, Code availability Not applicable.Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here.
AbstractOritavancin, a long-acting lipoglycopeptide, is the first single-dose intravenous (IV) antibacterial therapy approved in the USA for the treatment of adult patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) caused or suspected to be caused by susceptible isolates of designated gram-positive microorganisms. With its well-established antibacterial activity, efficacy and safety profiles, a new IV formulation of oritavancin (KIMYRSA™) has been developed to offer a more convenient treatment option for patients with ABSSSIs. Relative to the originally approved IV formulation of oritavancin (ORBACTIV®), the new IV formulation has better diluent compatibility, simpler preparation steps, a shorter infusion time of 1 h in a lower infusion volume of 250 mL. Approval was based on results of a phase 1 study in which pharmacokinetic similarity between the two IV formulations of oritavancin was demonstrated in patients with ABSSSIs. The tolerability profile of the new IV formulation of oritavancin revealed no new safety signals.© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
Topological susceptibility in 2-flavor lattice QCD with fixed topology
Creators: name: Chiu, T. W.
name: Aoki, S.
name: Fukaya, H.
name: Hashimoto, S.
name: Hsieh, T. H.
name: Kaneko, T.
name: Matsufuru, H.
name: Noaki, J.
name: Ogawa, K.
name: Onogi, T.
name: Yamada, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the topological susceptibility $ χ_t $ in the trivial topological sector generated by lattice simulations of two-flavor QCD with overlap Dirac fermion, on a $16^3 \times 32$ lattice with lattice spacing $\sim$ 0.12 fm, at six sea quark masses $m_q$ ranging from $m_s/6$ to $m_s$ (where $m_s$ is the physical strange quark mass). The $ χ_t $ is extracted from the plateau (at large time separation) of the time-correlation function of the flavor-singlet pseudoscalar meson ($η'$), which arises from the finite size effect due to fixed topology. In the small $m_q$ regime, our result of $χ_t$ is proportional to $m_q$ as expected from chiral effective theory. Using the formula $χ_t=m_qΣ/N_f$ by Leutwyler-Smilga, we obtain the chiral condensate in $N_f=2$ QCD as $Σ^{\bar{\mathrm{MS}}}(\mathrm{2 GeV})=[252(5)(10) \mathrm{MeV}]^3 $, in good agreement with our previous result obtained in the $ε$-regime.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, talk presented at the 25th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, Regensburg, Germany, 30 Jul - 4 Aug 2007
Schroedinger Operators on Regular Metric Trees with Long Range Potentials: Weak Coupling Behavior
Creators: name: Ekholm, Tomas
name: Enblom, Andreas
name: Kovarik, Hynek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Consider a regular $d$-dimensional metric tree $Γ$ with root $o$. Define the Schroedinger operator $-Δ- V$, where $V$ is a non-negative, symmetric potential, on $Γ$, with Neumann boundary conditions at $o$. Provided that $V$ decays like $x^{-γ}$ at infinity, where $1 < γ\leq d \leq 2, γ\neq 2$, we will determine the weak coupling behavior of the bottom of the spectrum of $-Δ- V$. In other words, we will describe the asymptotical behavior of $\inf σ(-Δ- αV)$ as $α\to 0+$
Quotients of Banach spaces with the Daugavet property
Creators: name: Kadets, Vladimir
name: Shepelska, Varvara
name: Werner, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46B04, 46B25, 47B38

description: We consider a general concept of Daugavet property with respect to a norming subspace. This concept covers both the usual Daugavet property and its weak$^*$ analogue. We introduce and study analogues for narrow operators and rich subspaces in this general setting and apply the results to show that a quotient of $L_1[0,1]$ over an $\ell_1$-subspace can fail the Daugavet property. The latter answers a question posed to us by A. Pelczynski in the negative.
description: 15 pages
A Low-Complexity, Full-Rate, Full-Diversity 2 X 2 STBC with Golden Code's Coding Gain
Creators: name: Srinath, K. Pavan
name: Rajan, B. Sundar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a low-ML-decoding-complexity, full-rate, full-diversity space-time block code (STBC) for a 2 transmit antenna, 2 receive antenna multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, with coding gain equal to that of the best and well known Golden code for any QAM constellation. Recently, two codes have been proposed (by Paredes, Gershman and Alkhansari and by Sezginer and Sari), which enjoy a lower decoding complexity relative to the Golden code, but have lesser coding gain. The $2\times 2$ STBC presented in this paper has lesser decoding complexity for non-square QAM constellations, compared with that of the Golden code, while having the same decoding complexity for square QAM constellations. Compared with the Paredes-Gershman-Alkhansari and Sezginer-Sari codes, the proposed code has the same decoding complexity for non-rectangular QAM constellations. Simulation results, which compare the codeword error rate (CER) performance, are presented.
description: Submitted to IEEE Globecom - 2008. 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Black Holes in the Scalar-Tensor Formulation of 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity: Uniqueness of Solutions, and a New Candidate for Dark Matter
Creators: name: Fernandes, Pedro G. S.
name: Carrilho, Pedro
name: Clifton, Timothy
name: Mulryne, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study static black holes in the regularized 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory of gravity; a shift-symmetric scalar-tensor theory that belongs to the Horndeski class. This theory features a simple black hole solution that can be written in closed form, and which we show is the unique static, spherically-symmetric and asymptotically-flat black hole vacuum solution of the theory. We further show that no asymptotically-flat, time-dependent, spherically-symmetric perturbations to this geometry are allowed, which suggests that it may be the only spherically-symmetric vacuum solution that this theory admits (a result analogous to Birkhoff's theorem). Finally, we consider the thermodynamic properties of these black holes, and find that their final state after evaporation is a remnant with a size determined by the coupling constant of the theory. We speculate that remnants of this kind from primordial black holes could act as dark matter, and we constrain the parameter space for their formation mass, as well as the coupling constant of the theory.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 4 of Comparison of carbohydrate ABC importers from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Creators: name: De la Torre, Lilia I.
name: Vergara Meza, José G.
name: Cabarca, Sindy
name: Costa-Martins, André G.
name: Balan, Andrea
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4. Sequential and structural position of the main differences between the M. tuberculosis sugar transporters SBPs. A Amino acid sequence alignment of the SBPs showing the four groups (bold letters). The alignment was made using Clustal Omega. Residues in red are involved in the ligand binding. B Proteins in cartoon represent the modelled structures of all SBPs, except for UgpB and UspC that have crystallographic structures (PDB IDs: 4MFI and 5K2X, respectively). After the amino acid sequence alignment of each two structures different regions were shown by coloured spheres and can be compared. Models of LpqY and Rv2041c were built using the SWISS-MODEL program [31] (see Additional file 1, Table S2).
OPSR: A package for estimating ordered probit switching regression models in R
Creators: name: Heimgartner, Daniel
name: Wang, Xinyi
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2025
Subjects: Ordered probit switching regression
Endogenous switching regression
Heckman selection
Selection bias
Treatment effect
R

description: Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung, 1907