Terelabrus dewapyle Fukui & Motomura, 2015, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Fukui, Yoshino
name: Motomura, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Labridae
Terelabrus
Terelabrus dewapyle

description: Terelabrus dewapyle sp. nov.
English name: Yellow-striped Hogfish (Figs. 1–4; Table 1)
Terelabrus rubrovittatus (not of Randall & Fourmanoir): Randall & Fourmanoir 1998: 249, lower photo of fig. 1 (off Basilisk Point, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, 92 m; paratype of T. rubrovittatus); Kuiter & Debelius 2006: 627, unnumbered fig. (Japan); Kuiter 2012: 49, unnumbered fig. (Bali, Indonesia, 25 m; Kochi, Japan, 43 m); Allen & Erdmann 2012: 720, unnumbered fig. (Nusa Penida, Indonesia).
Terelabrus sp.: Motomura et al. 2010: 173, fig. 388 (60 m, off Nagata, Yaku-shima, Japan, 60 m); Nishiyama & Motomura 2012: 52–53, unnumbered figs. (Kashiwa-jima, Kochi, Japan, 30–38 m).
Holotype. KAUM –I. 37693, 52.7 mm SL, off south coast of Iou-jima, Mishima, Osumi Group, Kagoshima, Japan, 30°46ʹ32ʺN, 130°16ʹ43ʺE, 72 m, hand net, S. Dewa, 12 May 2011.
Paratypes. 4 specimens, 31.5–56.3 mm SL. BPBM 36889, also paratype of Terelabrus rubrovittatus, 31.5 mm SL, east of Basilisk Point, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, 10°15ʹ54ʺS, 150°42ʹ30ʺE, 92 m, J. Earle, 5 December 1995; BPBM 39794, 55.1 mm SL, outside of Suva Harbor, Suva, Viti Levu Island, Fiji, 18°09′51″S, 178°24′01″E, 85–91 m, R. Pyle & J. Dituri, 30 January 2002; BPBM 39988, 36.1 mm SL, outside of Suva Harbor, Suva, Viti Levu Island, Fiji, 18°09′32″S, 178°23′58″E, 87–93 m, R. Pyle & D. Pence, 3 February 2002; BPBM 40105, 56.3 mm SL, outside of Suva Harbor, Suva, Viti Levu Island, Fiji, 18°09′36″S, 178°23′57″E, 93–99 m, R. Pyle & D. Pence, 5 February 2002.
Diagnosis. A species of Terelabrus with the following combination of characters: scale rows in longitudinal series 41 or 42 (mode 41); pored lateral-line scales 39 or 40 (39); gill rakers 12 or 13 (13); least distance between anteroventral margin of orbit and maxilla 1.2–3.7% (mean 2.5%) of SL (Fig. 4); no red blotches superimposed and protruded on midlateral red stripe in adults and young; no yellow stripe on dorsal fin; space between upper and midlateral red stripes vivid yellow; black blotch superimposed on midlateral red stripe on opercle in young, black blotch fading with growth.
Description. In description below (including color of preserved specimens), the data and description of the holotype are presented first, followed by data for paratypes in parentheses when different. Counts and measurements are given in Table 1.
Body elongate and cylindrical anteriorly, anterior body slightly compressed, more compressed posteriorly. Snout moderately long and pointed; eye extremely large. Mouth terminal; gape of mouth oblique, forming angle about 20 degrees to horizontal axis of body. Posterior margin of maxilla extending slightly beyond vertical through anterior margin of orbit. Interorbital space slightly convex. Inner surface of upper lip with about 4 (3–4) oblique fleshy ridges with small densely papillate fleshy ridges; inner surface of lower lip with 2 fleshy ridges; lower lip with thin flap extending ventrally on side of jaw. Teeth in jaws affixed to outer edge of bony ridge; 2 pairs of large, slender, curved canine teeth anteriorly in each jaw; about 10 (0–10) small teeth posteriorly on each bony plate behind upper-jaw canine teeth; about 6 (5–9) conical teeth in each side of upper jaw, followed by 1 or 2 (0–2) large canine teeth at each end of upper jaw; about 8 (0–8) conical teeth in row at each side of lower jaw, followed by row of about 7 (0–7) small teeth (Fig. 2). Tongue slender, its upper surface covered with small papillae. Gill rakers short and compressed; rakers on upper limb shorter than those on lower limb; longest raker on first gill arch about half length of longest gill filament; gill membranes free from isthmus.
Nasal organ in oval chamber with convex cutaneous roof; anterior nostril small with short membranous tube. Scales cycloid and thin; lateral-line scales continuous, following dorsal contour of body, posterior scales descending toward lateral mid-line; last 2 pored scales on base of caudal fin larger than anterior pored scales; each pored scale anteriorly on lateral line having tubule angling upward with single pore at end, each pored scale on lateral line near base of caudal fin with single horizontal tubule. Scales on side of thorax becoming smaller anteriorly on isthmus. Scales in front of dorsal fin extending forward to vertical through preopercular margin, predorsal scales variable in size. Scales covering opercle, except for membrane. Size of largest scale behind orbit about one-third of those on opercle; scales behind orbit extending forward to anterior margin of orbit. No scales on fins, except base of caudal fin.
Preopercular margin smooth. Opercular membrane extending above upper base of pectoral fin. All dorsal-, anal-, and pelvic-fin soft rays branched; all pectoral-fin rays, except upper two, branched (all rays unbranched in 36.8 mm specimen). Dorsal- and anal-fin spines slender; space between each base of spines and rays subequal. Pectoral fins weakly rounded, eighth ray longest; pelvic fins short, third soft ray longest; caudal fin rounded. Origin of dorsal fin slightly posterior to vertical through origin of pectoral fin; posterior tip of pectoral fin anterior to vertical through base of sixth dorsal-fin spine; origin of pelvic fin slightly posterior to vertical through origin of pectoral fin; anus below base of ninth dorsal-fin spine; origin of anal fin below base of first dorsal-fin soft ray.
Color of individuals when alive. Based on published underwater photographs (see synonymy above), Figs 1 D– F, and 10 unpublished photographs taken by H. Nishiyama in Japan (specimens not retained): body white with two longitudinal red stripes; midlateral stripe extending from snout to caudal-fin margin, its width less than orbit diameter anteriorly and posteriorly, and more than orbit diameter near middle; upper stripe extending from behind snout dorsally to upper end of caudal-fin base, its width less than one-fourth that of midlateral stripe; pair of upper stripes confluent dorsally on snout in dorsal view. No red blotches superimposed on midlateral red stripe in adults or young; more than 20 red, poorly defined, faint, narrow vertical bars extending below midlateral red stripe in large adults. Space between upper and midlateral red stripes vivid yellow in adults and young, forming yellow stripe extending from upper margin of eye to middle of caudal fin. Yellowish white stripe from dorsal side of snout to anterodorsal margin of orbit. Black blotch, about subequal to pupil diameter, superimposed on midlateral red stripe on opercle in young, blotch fading, becoming almost indistinguishable, with growth. Dorsal and pectoral fins transparent. Anal fin whitish or yellowish basally, transparent distally. Caudal fin transparent apart from posterior ends of midlateral red stripe and upper yellow stripe; with poorly defined blackish blotch posteromedially.
Color of holotype when fresh. Based on Fig. 1 A and an unpublished photograph with white background: mostly similar to live individuals described above, but midlateral red stripe becoming wider and yellow stripe between upper and midlateral stripes narrower and yellow coloration somewhat faded. Caudal fin with pare of small white blotches and narrow white margin. No other photographs of fresh specimens known.
Color of preserved specimens. Based on holotype (Fig. 1 B) and all paratypes: body pale yellow with distinct brown blotch on opercle. Very faint brownish stripes from behind orbit to blotch on opercle and from anterior caudal peduncle to caudal-fin margin (faint stripe continuously from snout to caudal-fin margin in some paratypes). Fins transparent, except for brownish middle of caudal fin.
Distribution and habitat. Terelabrus dewapyle sp. nov. is distributed in the western Pacific Ocean where it has been recorded from southern Japan (Iou-jima), Papua New Guinea and Fiji on the basis of collected specimens (Fig. 3) and from Indonesia (Bali: Kuiter 2012; Nusa Penida: Allen & Erdmann 2012) and Japan (Yaku-shima: Motomura & Matsuura 2010; Kochi: Kuiter 2012, Nishiyama & Motomura 2012) as T. rubrovittatus on the basis of underwater photographs. The type specimens were collected at depths of 72– 99 m.
The new species has been observed from spring to early summer at recreation diving depths in Kashiwa-jima, Kochi, Japan. The species is epibenthic on sandy, rubble and coral bottoms, with individual males sometimes accompanied by a small harem (K. Nishiyama, pers. comm.). The species is most commonly seen at depths of 65– 70 m during cold upwelling events (temperatures of 20–24C°) and adults have been observed to dive into the burrows of other organisms when startled, at Menjangan and Nusa Penida islands off Bali, Indonesia (M. Erdmann, pers. comm.).
T. dewapyle sp. nov. T. rubrovittatus
Holotype Paratypes Holotype Non-types
KAUM–I.37693 n = 4 BPBM 37026 n = 5 rows between orbit and preopercular margin 5 5–6 6 — 4–6 5 Pre-dorsal-fin scale rows 9 7–10 9 — 7–10 9 ……continued on the next page Etymology. The proposed name is a conjunction of the surnames of Mr Shin-ichi Dewa and Dr Richard L. Pyle who collected all type specimens of this new deepwater species. It is treated as a noun in apposition. Kuiter (2012) and Allen & Erdmann (2012) described this species (as T. rubrovittatus) as “Yellow-stripe Hogfish” and “Red-striped Wrasse” respectively. Because true T. rubrovittatus does not have a distinct yellow strip on the lateral surface of the body and its name means “red stripe” in Latin, we herein propose “Yellow-striped Hogfish” for T. dewapyle and “White-striped Hogfish” for T. rubrovittatus as their English names. The standard Japanese names “Kisuge-miyabi-bera” and “Amana-miyabi-bera” are proposed for T. dewapyle and T. rubrovittatus respectively, the Japanese name of the genus Terelabrus being “Miyabi-bera zoku”.
Remarks. The new species and its only congener, Terelabrus rubrovittatus Randall & Fourmanoir 1998, share the following unique combination of characters among labrids: an elongated body; cylindrical head and anterior body (body depth 12.9–17.4% SL); large eye (orbit diameter 6.5–10.7% SL); nearly flat interorbital space; two pairs of large canine teeth anteriorly in each jaw; dorsal fin with 10 spines and 11 soft rays; anal fin with three spines and 12 soft rays; and the lateral line continuous and smoothly curved (Randall & Fourmanoir 1998; this study). Detailed generic characters and phylogenetic relationships of the genus Terelabrus were described by Randall & Fourmanoir (1998).
Terelabrus dewapyle sp. nov. is distinguished from T. rubrovittatus by lower counts of scale rows in the longitudinal series (41 or 42 vs. 45–48 in the latter), pored lateral-line scales (39 or 40 vs. 43–45), and gill rakers (12 or 13 vs. 14 or 15), and a greater least distance between the anteroventral margin of the orbit and the maxilla [1.2–3.7% (mean 2.5%) of SL vs. 0.5–2.3% (1.6%); Fig. 4] (Table 1). In addition, the fresh and live coloration of the two species is different (Figs 1, 5). Although adult T. rubrovittatus have 8–10 red, somewhat elongated vertical blotches superimposed on the midlateral red stripe (Fig. 5 A, C) (absent when young; Fig. 5 B), T. dewapyle lacks the blotches on the midlateral red stripe in both adults and young (Fig. 1 A, D, F) and sometimes has more than 20 poorly defined, faint, narrow vertical bars extending below the midlateral red stripe in large adults (Fig. 1 E). Adults of T. rubrovittatus have a broad, vivid yellow band submarginally on the dorsal fin (Fig. 5 A) (pale yellow band, barely seen, in young; Fig. 5 B), whereas T. dewapyle has a transparent dorsal fin in both adults and young (Fig. 1). A space between the upper and midlateral red stripes of T. dewapyle is always vivid yellow (Fig. 1 A, D–F), but that of T. rubrovittatus is always white (Fig. 5). Young individuals of T. dewapyle have a black blotch superimposed on the midlateral red stripe on the opercle (Fig. 1 A, D), the blotch fading with growth (Fig. 1 E); the black blotch may be absent or indistinct in T. rubrovittatus (Fig. 5).
Terelabrus rubrovittatus is known only from the holotype (the paratype is herein identified as T. dewapyle) from New Caledonia. Two specimens (KPM-NI 4172, 4340) reported as Terelabrus sp. by Senou et al. (2002) from Hachijo-jima, Izu Islands, Japan were identified here as T. rubrovittatus. An additional three specimens of T. rubrovittatus from Palau, Western Australia and Vanuatu were examined in this study, suggesting that the species is widely distributed in the western Pacific Ocean (Fig. 3). Available specimens of the species were collected in depths of 55– 140 m.
Comparative material examined. Terelabrus rubrovittatus: 6 specimens, 37.7–98.5 mm SL. Japan: KPM-NI 4172, 98.5 mm SL, Nazumado, Hachijo-jima, Izu Islands, 65 m, S. Kato, 8 October 1997; KPM-NI 4340, 49.9 mm SL, Nazumado, Hachijo-jima, Izu Islands, 55 m, S. Kato, 20 November 1997. Palau: BPBM 37689, 37.7 mm SL, Augulpelu Reef, 07°16ʹ24ʺN, 134°31ʹ26ʺE, 300 feet (ca. 91 m), R. Pyle, 10 May 1997. Australia: NMV A 29675- 0 0 1, 69.5 mm SL, northern Western Australia, 17°35ʹ21–42ʺS, 118°58ʹ48–54ʺE, RV Southern Surveyor, 108–140 m, 16 June 2007. New Caledonia: BPBM 37026, holotype of T. rubrovittatus, 85.8 mm SL, Bulari Pass, 100 m, P. Fourmanoir, February 1979. Vanuatu: BPBM 40778, 90.4 mm SL, west coast of Tutuba Island, 15°32ʹ35ʺS, 167°16ʹ49ʺE, 120 m, R. Pyle, 20 October 2006.
description: Published as part of Fukui, Yoshino & Motomura, Hiroyuki, 2015, A new species of deepwater wrasse (Labridae: Terelabrus) from the western Pacific Ocean, pp. 559-568 in Zootaxa 4040 (5) on pages 560-567, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4040.5.4, http://zenodo.org/record/232809