The Roosevelt Community Development Study, Number 14, Volume 3: Paleobiological and Osteological Analyses
Creators: name: Harmon, Alaina
Publisher: name: Center for Desert Archaeology
Year: 1995
Subjects: Salt River
Tonto National Forest
Arizona (State / Territory)
Lower Tonto Basin
Roosevelt Lake
Tonto Basin
Classic Period
Sedentary Period
Colonial Period
Early Ceramic
Gila Butte Phase
Prehistoric
Santa Cruz Phase
Sacaton Phase
Roosevelt Phase
Miami Phase
Ash Creek Phase
Early Classic Period
Ancestral Puebloan
Hohokam
Salado
AZ V:5:90 (ASM)
AZ V:5:91 (ASM)
AZ V:5:92 (ASM)
AZ V:5:93 (ASM)
AZ V:5:94 (ASM)
AZ V:5:95 (ASM)
AZ V:5:96 (ASM)
Meddler Point
AZ V:5:97 (ASM)
AZ V:5:98 (ASM)
AZ V:5:99 (ASM)
AZ V:5:100 (ASM)
AZ V:5:101 (ASM)
AZ V:5:103 (ASM)
AZ V:5:104 (ASM)
AZ V:5:105 (ASM)
AZ V:5:106 (ASM)
AZ V:5:107 (ASM)
AZ V:5:110 (ASM)
AZ V:5:122 (ASM)
AZ V:5:123 (ASM)
AZ V:5:176 (ASM)
AZ V:5:177 (ASM)
AZ V:5:178 (ASM)
AZ V:5:189 (ASM)
Eagle Ridge
AZ V:5:1 (ASM)
Hedge Apple
AZ V:5:131 (ASM)
AZ V:5:4 (ASM)
Procupine
Griffin Wash
Pyramid Point
Funerary and Burial Structures or Features
Cemetery
Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features
Cremation
Agricultural or Herding
Masonry Room
Inhumation
Hamlet
Room Block
Room
Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex
Pueblo
Settlements
Adult Cremation
Infant Cremation
Hamlet / Village
Subadult Cremation
Domestic Structures
Masonry Pueblo
Masonry Compound
Room Block / Compound / Pueblo
Compound
Farmstead
Platform Mound
Castor canadensis
Ondatra zibethicus
Domestic Dog
Gray Wolf
Canis sp.
Canis latrans
Canis lupus
Lutra canadensis
Felis rufus
Osteichthyes
Minnow
Bonytail Chub
Colorado Squawfish
Cyprinidae
Gila elegans
Gila Coarse-Scaled Sucker
Desert-Mountain Sucker
Catostomidae
Catostomus insignis
Catostomus sp.
Catostomus clarki
Colorado River Toad
Amphibia
Bufo alvarius
Desert Tortoise
Kinosternon sonoriense
Gopherus agassizi
Juniper
Lizard
Collared Lizard
Horned Lizard
Colubrid
Gopher Snake
Crotaphytus collaris
Colubridae
Crotalus sp.
Grebe
Bighorn Sheep
Eagle
Accipitrid
Accipitridae
Buteo jamicensis
Gallinaceous Bird
Galliformes
Callipepla sp.
Callipepla squamata
Callipepla gambelii
Dove
Mourning Dove
Columbiformes
Columbidae
Macaw
Ara sp.
Great Horned Owl
Cuculiformes
Cuculidae
Bubo virginianus
Mimidae
Cucurbita pepo
Common Bean
Cheno-Am
Astragalus sp.
Erodium sp.
Fish
Amphibian
Deer
Bufo cognatus
Great Plains Toad
Agave
Geococcyx californianus
Gambel's Quail
Lagomorph
Lepus californicus
Black-tailed Jackrabbit
Dipodomys sp.
Kangaroo Rat
Artiodactyl
Neotoma albigula
Carnivore
Cotton
Dog
Coyote
Canis familiaris
Gray Fox
Bobcat
Odocoileus virginianus
Grass
Euphorbia sp.
Black-on-Whiteware
Buffware
Low Spine Compositae
High Spine Compositae
Liguliflorae
Artemisia sp.
Lagomorpha
Boerhaavia sp.
Kallstroemia sp.
Onagraceae
Eriogonum sp.
Gilia sp.
Carnivora
Liliaceae
Artiodactyla
Caryophyllaceae
Cylindropuntia
Cereus sp.
Larrea sp.
Hoffmanseggia sp.
Bird
Aves
Cercidium sp.
Acacia sp.
Canotia sp.
Anacardiaceae
Ephedra sp.
Abies sp.
Hawk
Agave sp.
Juniperus sp.
Celtis sp.
Frazinus sp.
Alnus sp.
Amaranthus sp.
Cucurbita sp.
Amaranth
Gossypium sp.
Century Plant
Bursage
Dandelion
Chenopod
Arizona Poppy
Evening Primrose
Ceramic
Chipped Stone
Chenopodium sp.
Filaree
Fauna
Heron Bill
Cruciferae
Indian Wheat
Mustard
Lily
Human Remains
Macrobotanical
Gramineae
Pollen
Cholla
Shell
Maize
Hedgehog Cactus
Wood
Leguminosae
Creosotebush
Hog Potato
Malvaceae
Mesquite
Bone
Globe Mallow
Acacia
Jojoba
Crucifixion Thorn
Cashew
Mormon Tea
Fir
Bos taurus
Oak
Hackberry
Alder
Cattail
Grain
Jack Bean
Canavalia ensiformis
Gossypium hirsutum
Canavalia sp.
Casa Grande Red-on-Buffware
Little Barley
Groundcherry
Hordeum pusillum
Locoweed
Goosefoot
Arrowweed
Baccharis sp.
Descurainia sp.
Indian Buckwheat
Mallow
Clammy Weed
Knotweed
Chia
False Purslane
Carrot
Inkweed
Bentgrass
Grama Grass
Bromegrass
Lovegrass
Maygrass
Dropseed Grass
Chamaesyce sp.
Apiaceae
Cyperaceae
Atriplex sp.
Agrostis sp.
Muhlenbergia sp.
Bouleloua sp.
Corn
Cibola Black-on-Whiteware
Bromus sp.
Eragrostis sp.
Elymus sp.
Carnegiea gigantea
Gila Butte Red-on-Buffware
Cereus gigantea
Echinocactus sp.
Opuntia sp.
Fishhook Cactus
Legume
Catclaw Acacia
Banana Yucca
Common Reed
Cottonwood
Mammalaria sp.
Fabaceae
Acacua greggii
Celtis reticulata
Juglans major
Desert Willow
Neotoma sp.
Desert Broom
Creosote
Greythorn
Manzanita
Odocoileus sp.
Douglas Fir
Land Snail
Chilopsis linearis
Canotia holacantha
Larrea tridentata
Larrea divaricata
Condalia sp.
Abies concolor
Arctostaphylos sp.
Fraximus velutina
Fraximus pennsylvanica
Garrya wrightii
Gastrocopta pellucida
Hawaiia miniscula
Aquatic Snail
Ostracode
Algal Spore
Helisoma tenue
Ostracoda
Ash
Chara sp.
Cottonttail
Desert Cottontail
Cow
Ground Squirrel
Harris Antelope Squirrel
Botta's Pocket Gopher
Beaver
Cotton Rat
Muskrat
Ammospermophilus sp.
Ammospermophilus harrisii
Seed (Yuccca baccata)
Shell (Walnut)
Pod
Seed (Banana Yucca)
Branch (Mesquite)
Vertebra (Human)
Branch (Prosopis velutina)
Shell (Juglans major)
Branch
Root
Pellet
Projectile Point
Root (Mesquite)
Gaming Piece
Root (Prosopis velutina)
Bone Ring
Hairpin
Antler Flaker
Rat Pellet
Bone Hairpin
Insect Part
Bone Rasp
Bone Gaming Piece
Awl
Worked Long Bone
Tube
Rasp
Fiber
Ceramic Censer
Stone Censer
Needle
Turtle Shell Artifact
Stone Jewelry
Rib (Human)
Radius (Human)
Bone Whistle
Ceramic Pitcher
Skull (Human)
Molar Root (Human)
Tooth Root (Human)
Humerus (Human)
Anterior Tooth Root (Human)
Innominate (Human)
Tarsal (Human)
Third Molar Root (Human)
Scapula (Human)
Tooth (Human)
Carpal (Human)
Lower Incisor (Human)
Anterior Tooth (Human)
Deciduous Molar (Human)
Third Molar (Human)
Auditory Meatus (Human)
Ceramic Bowl
Thoracic Vertebra (Human)
Mastoid (Human)
Upper Vertebra (Human)
Posterior Tooth Crown (Human)
Tooth Crown (Human)
Temporal (Human)
Lunate (Human)
Upper Second Incisor (Human)
Lower Third Molar (Human)
Epiphysis (Human)
Deciduous Tooth (Human)
Clavicle (Human)
Cervical Vertebra (Human)
Metatarsal (Human)
Axis (Human)
Occipital (Human)
Ulna (Human)
Talus (Human)
Lumbar (Human)
Feces
Sacral Body (Human)
McDonald Corrugated Ware
Bone Needle
Termite Feces
Worked antler
Figurine
Bone Tube
Flotation Sample
RCD
Charcoal
Stone Bowl
Censer
Roosevelt Community Development Study
Bone (Animal)
Palette
Whistle
Bowl
Seed
Jewelry
Pitcher
Worked Bone
Jar
Phalange (Human)
Ceramic Jar
Shell Jewelry
Tibia (Human)
Bone (Human)
Corrugated Ware
Seed (Squash)
Seed (Cucurbita pepo)
Rind (Squash)
Rind (Cucurbita sp.)
Cupule (Zea mays)
Kernel (Maize)
Rind
Cupule (Maize)
Stalk (Zea mays)
Stalk
Kernel (Zea mays)
Stalk (Maize)
Molar (Human)
Shank (Maize)
Femur (Human)
Shank (Zea mays)
Kernel
Incisor (Human)
Shank
Heart (Agave)
Leaf (Agave)
Ring
Premolar (Human)
Epidermis (Agave)
Canine (Human)
Fiber (Agave)
Spine (Agave)
Leaf
Stalk (Agave)
Bean
Thorn (Agave)
Mandible (Human)
Stem (Grass)
Stem
Cupule
Thorn
Long Bone (Human)
Spine
Bud (Opuntia sp.)
Epidermis (Agave sp.)
Stem (Poaceae)
Bud (Cholla)
Leaf (Agave sp.)
Stalk (Agave sp.)
Fiber (Agave sp.)
Heart (Agave sp.)
Seed (Cholla)
Seed (Opuntia sp.)
Thorn (Agave sp.)
Spine (Agave sp.)
Bone Awl
Pod (Prosopis velutina)
Pod (Mesquite)
Seed (Mesquite)
Vessel
Seed (Prosopis velutina)
Data Recovery / Excavation

description: The Roosevelt Community Development Study (RCD) involved the testing and excavation of 27 sites in the Lower Tonto Basin of central Arizona. This is one of three related data recovery projects undertaken in the Tonto Basin for the Bureau of Reclamation prior to the raising of the Roosevelt Lake dam. The results of the RCD project are presented in four Anthropological Papers of the Center for Desert Archaeology: Anthropological Papers No. 12 is the research design; Anthropological Papers No. 13 (two volumes) contains background information and the site descriptions; Anthropological Papers No. 14 (three volumes) includes the artifact and environmental analyses; and Anthropological Papers No. 15 presents the synthesis and conclusions. The project was situated within the Tonto National Forest and covered a four-mile, continuous area along the north bank of the Salt River. Sites within the project area exhibited a great range of functional, temporal, and, possibly, cultural diversity. These included two sites with platform mounds (the Meddler Point and Pyramid Point sites); a 10Q-room masonry pueblo (the Griffin Wash site); smaller masonry compounds (e.g., the Porcupine site); and pithouse hamlets and farmsteads (e.g., the Hedge Apple and Eagle Ridge sites). Temporal components ranged from the Early Ceramic period (A.D. 100-600), at Locus B of the Eagle Ridge site, through the Roosevelt phase (A.D. 1250-1350) of the Classic period. The Early Ceramic component of the Eagle Ridge site is now the earliest documented ceramic period site in the Tonto Basin and provides definitive evidence for an indigenous ceramic-using population. The project area was inhabited most intensively during the Roosevelt phase, when platform mounds, pueblo room blocks, and small masonry compounds were occupied. Architectural and artifact variability suggest the presence of several different cultural groups co-residing in the Tonto Basin at this time, and migration is believed to have been a significant process in Tonto Basin prehistory. The RCD project area was largely abandoned by A.D. 1325, prior to the large-scale aggregation that occurred during the Gila phase; very few Gila Polychrome sherds were recovered from project area sites. The mandate of the RCD project, as spedfied by the Bureau of Reclamation, was to investigate the temporal and developmental sequence of the prehistoric populations within this area. To meet these goals, six sites were intensively examined through full-scale excavation, and an extensive data set was gathered from the remaining 21 sites. The three volumes in Anthropological Papers No. 14 contain the artifact and environmental analyses. More than 150,000 artifacts were recovered from the RCD excavations. This volume (Volume 3) presents the paleobotanical and osteological data. Included are analyses of the pollen (Chapter 18), flotation (Chapter 19), faunal (Chapter 20), and mortuary (Chapter 21) assemblages. Data from the subsistence analyses are combined and synthesized in Chapter 22. Volume 1 of Anthropological Papers No. 14 presents the analyses of the chipped stone, ground stone, jewelry and personal ornament, and shell assemblages. The ceramic artifact assemblage is examined in Volume 2 More spedfic information on the individual sites and the project background can be found in Anthropological Papers No. 13. Anthropological Papers No. 15 integrates and synthesizes these data to provide a more inclusive view of the prehistoric occupation of the RCD project area and the Tonto Basin.