cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Trade Liberalization and Infra-Industry Specialization: The Australian Experience
Creators: name: Menon, Jayant
name: Menon, Jayant
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Much of the growth in trade among the industrialised countries, and more recently among countries in the Asia-Pacific region, has taken the form of intra-industry trade (IIT). Australia has historically had one of the lowest shares of IIT among OECD countries. This paper examines how Australia's IIT has changed in the 1980s in response to the process of trade liberalization and completion of the CER pact with New Zealand. Towards this end, IIT indexes are estimated for Australia's multilateral and trans-Tasman trade for 1981 and 1991 for 132 industries using data at the 3 and 4-digit level of the SITC. The results point to a sharp increase in the share of IIT for both multilateral and trans-Tasman trade. We also find that the industries that had undergone the largest reductions in protection levels had also increased their shares of IIT quite considerably. These findings suggest that the short to medium run adjustment costs associated with trade liberalization are likely to be lower than expected as a result of increased intra-industry specialization. If IIT continues to grow in response to the on-going process of internationalisation of the Australian economy, then Australia's prospects for expanding its share in world trade, and particularly in the Asia-Pacific region, are likely to be significantly boosted.
Three-spin interactions in optical lattices and criticality in cluster Hamiltonians
Creators: name: Pachos, Jiannis K.
name: Plenio, Martin B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that in a triangular configuration of an optical lattice of two atomic species a variety of novel spin-1/2 Hamiltonians can be generated. They include effective three-spin interactions resulting from the possibility of atoms tunneling along two different paths. This motivates the study of ground state properties of various three-spin Hamiltonians in terms of their two-point and n-point correlations as well as the localizable entanglement. We present a Hamiltonian with a finite energy gap above its unique ground state for which the localizable entanglement length diverges for a wide interval of applied external fields, while at the same time the classical correlation length remains finite.
description: 4 pages, 2 postscript figures, REVTEX, feasibility study and references added
title: Towards a Digital Land of Song: A Digital Approach to the Archival Record of Welsh Traditional Music, its Performance and its Reception
Creators: name: Cusworth, Andrew Dominic John
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2016

description: Divided between a prototype digital resource and a written companion, this research implements and examines some of the possibilities and prospects offered to the study of Welsh traditional music by digital humanities methods and approaches. Built on a relational database, the digital prototype functions as a server-based annotated index of a sample of sources from the collections of the National Library of Wales. The user interface of the prototype uses hyperlinks and geographical mapping to express connections between sources of, figures involved with, and reception information relating to Welsh traditional music. Its written companion serves as a contextual review and exposition of some of the research interests that have informed the creation of the prototype. Philosophically, these interests include the concepts of cultural geography, national identity, collective memory, archive, and their intersections with music. Musicologically, the research centres around twin axes: the traces of Welsh traditional music in the theoretical and literal archive constituted by the National Library of Wales, and the integration and inter-referencing of these traces in a virtual space in order to consider Welsh traditional music and its material record as a situated cultural activity.
The Counterfactual Meaning of the ABL Rule
Creators: name: Marchildon, Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Aharonov-Bergmann-Lebowitz rule assigns probabilities to quantum measurement results at time t on the condition that the system is prepared in a given way at t_1 < t and found in a given state at t_2 > t. The question whether the rule can also be applied counterfactually to the case where no measurement is performed at the intermediate time t has recently been the subject of controversy. I argue that the counterfactual meaning may be understood in terms of the true value of an observable at t. Such a value cannot be empirically determined for, by stipulation, the measurement that would yield it is not performed. Nevertheless, it may or may not be well-defined depending on one's proposed interpretation of quantum mechanics. Various examples are discussed illustrating what can be asserted at the intermediate time without running into contradictions.
description: Published version, one reference added
Flexible Exchange Rates and Traded Goods Prices: A Theory of the Short-Run
Creators: name: Menon, Jayant
name: Menon, Jayant
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
International Relations/Trade

description: The volatility displayed by floating exchange rates has revived interest in the relationship between exchange rates and traded goods prices. This paper aims to provide a theory of exchange rates and traded goods prices in the short-run. In particular, it examines how various factors can cause exchange rate pass-through to be incomplete in the short-run but not in the long-run. These include: (i) menu costs, (ii) the costs of changing supply, (iii) the dynamics of demand response to price changes, (iv) orderdelivery lags, (v) forward exchange cover, and (vi) the currency denomination of trade contracts. From a policy perspective, the presence of these factors could account for the often prolonged adjustment of trade balances to exchange rate changes, and the failure of exchange rate volatility to perceptibly affect the volume of international trade flows.
Intrinsic and extrinsic conduction contributions at nominally neutral domain walls in hexagonal manganites
Creators: name: Schultheiß, J.
name: Schaab, J.
name: Småbråten, D. R.
name: Skjærvø, S. H.
name: Bourret, E.
name: Yan, Z.
name: Selbach, S. M.
name: Meier, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conductive and electrostatic atomic force microscopy (cAFM and EFM) are used to investigate the electric conduction at nominally neutral domain walls in hexagonal manganites. The EFM measurements reveal a propensity of mobile charge carriers to accumulate at the nominally neutral domain walls in ErMnO3, which is corroborated by cAFM scans showing locally enhanced d.c. conductance. Our findings are explained based on established segregation enthalpy profiles for oxygen vacancies and interstitials, providing a microscopic model for previous, seemingly disconnected observations ranging from insulating to conducting domain wall behavior. In addition, we observe variations in conductance between different nominally neutral walls that we attribute to deviations from the ideal charge-neutral structure within the bulk, leading to a superposition of extrinsic and intrinsic contributions. Our study clarifies the complex transport properties at nominally neutral domain walls in hexagonal manganites and establishes new possibilities for tuning their electronic response based on oxidation conditions, opening the door for domain-wall based sensor technology.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
PRICE INTER-RELATIONSHIPS IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN MEAT MARKET I: THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Creators: name: Van Heerden, A. F.
name: Van Zyl, J.
name: Vivier, F. L.
name: Van Heerden, A. F.
name: Van Zyl, J.
name: Vivier, F. L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Livestock Production/Industries

description: This article explains the theoretical aspects underlying the determination of price inter-relationships, price leadership and the time that it takes for prices to react to change. The model is discussed and expounded on the basis of four steps: stationary-stochastic processes, simple autoregressive models, causality testing and multiple autoregressive models. The use of the model is not without limitations and pitfalls, but when applied with economic realism and logic, the results can be useful.
The seven sins of Salsa
Creators: name: Bernstein, Barbara
name: Minto, Glen
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.)
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3604
subject: Performing arts

description: So you wanna learn how to dance salsa? Maybe you're already an aspiring salsero/salsera wanting to take your dancing to the next level. Well, congratulations - you found us! We're about to show you how to take your dancing to the next level by listing things to avoid when dancing. After years of discussing some of the finer points of dancing, two dedicated salseros (Barb and Salsero) have compiled their experiences of how to get the most enjoyment and learning out of dancing salsa. The Seven Sins of Salsa is a list of common, all-too-human mistakes that most of us make at one time or another (the authors included!). Avoiding these mistakes will help you get the most out of your dancing. By gaining skill and making your dance experience a joyful way to exercise and connect with
PRICE INTER-RELATIONSHIPS IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN MEAT MARKET II: AN EMPIRICAL APPLICATION
Creators: name: Van Heereden, A. F.
name: Van Zyl, J.
name: Vivier, F. L.
name: Van Heereden, A. F.
name: Van Zyl, J.
name: Vivier, F. L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Price inter-relationships in the South African meat market were analysed. The meat market as a whole shows a great measure of mutual dependence. Price leadership was found in beef. All meat prices, excepting beef, take more than a month to adapt fully to changed market conditions. It can therefore be deduced that the meat market as a whole functions in a poor form of effectivity. The total adaptation time in respect of pork, mutton and fish prices is twelve, eight and twelve weeks, respectively. It appears that beef prices lead poultry prices, but that poultry prices follow shortly after. The whole effect takes twelve weeks to filter through. It appears, however, that poultry prices have effectively succeeded in moving closely with beef prices.
On the Influence of the FPGA Compiler Optimization Options on the Success of the Horizontal Attack
Creators: name: Kabin, Ievgen
name: Sosa, Alejandro
name: Dyka, Zoya
name: Klann, Dan
name: Langendoerfer, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper reports about the impact of compiler options on the resistance of cryptographic implementations against side channel analysis attacks. We evaluated four compiler option for six different FPGAs from Intel and Xilinx. In order to ensure fair assessment we synthesized always the same VHDL code, kept the measurement setup and statistical analysis method etc. constant. Our analysis clearly shows that the compiler options have an impact on the success of attacks but also that the impact is unpredictable not only between different FPGAs but also for an individual FPGA.
description: Author's version accepted for ReConFig-2019; the final publication is available at https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8994807
Do subsequent outbursts of the same EXor source present similar features?
Creators: name: Giannini, T.
name: Giunta, A.
name: Lorenzetti, D.
name: Altavilla, G.
name: Antoniucci, S.
name: Strafella, F.
name: Testa, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: V1118 Ori is a classical EXor source whose light curve has been monitored over the past thirty years (although not continuously). It underwent a powerful outburst in 2005, followed by ten years of quiescence and a less intense outburst in 2015. In 2019, a new intense brightness increase was observed ($Δg$ $\sim$ 3 mag). This new accretion episode offers the opportunity to compare the photometric and spectroscopic properties of different outbursts of the same source. This allows one to highlight differences and similarities among different events by removing any possible bias related to the intrinsic properties of the star-disk system. We discovered the 2019 V1118 Ori outburst by examining the $g$-band light curve acquired by the Zwicky Transient Facility and followed the decreasing phase with the Rapid Eye Mount telescope in the $griz$ bands. Two near-infrared spectra were also acquired at different brightness stages with the Large Binocular Telescope. The last event shows the following characteristics: 1) amplitude similar than in 2015 and lower than in 2005; 2) duration less than one year as in previous events; 3) rise (decline) speed of 0.018 (0.031) mag/day, which is different from previous cases; 4) a gradual blueing of the [$g-r$] color is observed over time, while the [$r-i$] color remains roughly unchanged; 5) with few exceptions, the near-infrared lines (mainly HI recombination) are the same observed in 2015; 6) the mass accretion rate peaks at Macc $\sim$ 10$^{-7}$ Msun/yr, and decreases in about a month down to a few 10$^{-8}$ Msun/yr. Our analysis shows that the comparison of data from different outbursts of the same source is a non-trivial exercise, which allows obtaining important clues useful to drive theoretical efforts towards a better understanding of the EXor phenomenon.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted by A&A
Preventing Cheating in Hands-on Lab Assignments
Creators: name: Vykopal, Jan
name: Švábenský, Valdemar
name: Seda, Pavel
name: Čeleda, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.3.2

description: Networking, operating systems, and cybersecurity skills are exercised best in an authentic environment. Students work with real systems and tools in a lab environment and complete assigned tasks. Since all students typically receive the same assignment, they can consult their approach and progress with an instructor, a tutoring system, or their peers. They may also search for information on the Internet. Having the same assignment for all students in class is standard practice efficient for learning and developing skills. However, it is prone to cheating when used in a summative assessment such as graded homework, a mid-term test, or a final exam. Students can easily share and submit correct answers without completing the assignment. In this paper, we discuss methods for automatic problem generation for hands-on tasks completed in a computer lab environment. Using this approach, each student receives personalized tasks. We developed software for generating and submitting these personalized tasks and conducted a case study. The software was used for creating and grading a homework assignment in an introductory security course enrolled by 207 students. The software revealed seven cases of suspicious submissions, which may constitute cheating. In addition, students and instructors welcomed the personalized assignments. Instructors commented that this approach scales well for large classes. Students rarely encountered issues while running their personalized lab environment. Finally, we have released the open-source software to enable other educators to use it in their courses and learning environments.
description: ACM SIGCSE 2022 conference, 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
title: An Integrated Analysis of Collaborative Design Processes
Creators: name: Peter, Andreas Wilhelm
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2015

description: This thesis makes a contribution to the understanding of designerly ways of solving problems by exploring the central question of how different prototyping materials affect collaborative design processes, especially with regard to the co-construction of knowledge and the social dynamics manifested in verbal and non-verbal behaviour. The thesis also contributes to the existing knowledge by offering a new method to analyse the role of prototypes in collaborative design activities: Proxemic Motion Trace Analysis. Understanding the relationship between prototypes and design processes is important in the light of an increasing interest in using design-based approaches to develop innovations, and thus to better understand the design process itself. However, what role prototypes and prototyping materials play in collaborative design processes, particularly in verbal and non-verbal interactions, remains an under-researched area. The thesis comprises two main studies: a series of unstructured field observations, conducted at four design studios, and an academic institution, and a series of 23 controlled experiments consisting of 99 individual design tasks conducted with design students at Central Saint Martins College of Arts and Design. The key findings demonstrate that: (1) different prototyping materials affect qualitative aspects of verbal and non-verbal behaviour in collaborative design activities in distinguishable ways; (2) specific materials allow for a more connected co-construction of knowledge; and (3) the research undertaken has produced a new and design-specific method of analysing collaborative design processes, especially the verbal and non-verbal behaviour of designers. It is suggested that these findings have implications for design practice and design education, as well as other professions using designerly ways of solving problems. In addition, the newly developed visual method of analysing design collaboration provides potential for future design research by providing a method that addresses the full complexity of interaction in design collaboration.
The seven sins of Salsa
Creators: name: Bernstein, Barbara
name: Minto, Glen
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: So you wanna learn how to dance salsa? Maybe you're already an aspiring salsero/salsera wanting to take your dancing to the next level. Well, congratulations - you found us! We're about to show you how to take your dancing to the next level by listing things to avoid when dancing. After years of discussing some of the finer points of dancing, two dedicated salseros (Barb and Salsero) have compiled their experiences of how to get the most enjoyment and learning out of dancing salsa. The Seven Sins of Salsa is a list of common, all-too-human mistakes that most of us make at one time or another (the authors included!). Avoiding these mistakes will help you get the most out of your dancing. By gaining skill and making your dance experience a joyful way to exercise and connect with
Breaking a fully Balanced ASIC Coprocessor Implementing Complete Addition Formulas on Weierstrass Elliptic Curves
Creators: name: Kabin, Ievgen
name: Dyka, Zoya
name: Klann, Dan
name: Mentens, Nele
name: Batina, Lejla
name: Langendoerfer, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we report on the results of selected horizontal SCA attacks against two open-source designs that implement hardware accelerators for elliptic curve cryptography. Both designs use the complete addition formula to make the point addition and point doubling operations indistinguishable. One of the designs uses in addition means to randomize the operation sequence as a countermeasure. We used the comparison to the mean and an automated SPA to attack both designs. Despite all these countermeasures, we were able to extract the keys processed with a correctness of 100%.
description: Author's version accepted for DSD-2020; the final publication is available at https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9217817
title: Weld Residual Stress Profiles for Structural Integrity Assessment
Creators: name: Mathew, Jino
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2015

description: Economic and safe management of operating nuclear power plants can be highly dependent on the structural integrity assessments for safety critical pressure vessels and piping components. In engineering fracture assessment procedures the full (3-D) residual stress field at a welded joint is usually simplified by considering a representative onedimensional profile through the wall-thickness of the stress tensor component acting normal to the crack face. The stress intensity factor, calculated from this estimated through-thickness stress profile, is used directly in the fracture assessment. Therefore, assessments of defects in welds can be highly sensitive to the through-thickness residual stress profiles assumed in the calculations. There is a need for reliable characterisation of residual stresses in welded structures such as in stainless steel girth welded pipes as there are a lot of discrepancies in the current methodologies used. For example, bounding residual profiles found in fitness for service assessment procedures have been based on examination of residual stress measurements, finite element weld simulation and expert judgment. This approach suffers from the drawback that the upper bound curve can increase as more measurements and data scatter are obtained. The consequence of this is that structural integrity assessments of defective plant can be over-conservative by a large margin, and may lead to unnecessary and costly repair or inspection. This thesis illustrates how a neural network model, can be developed and applied to predict through-thickness residual stress profiles in austenitic stainless steel pipe girth welds for simplified fracture assessments. The model is validated by comparing predictions with new experimental measurements made using neutron diffraction and contour method. The new measurements were undertaken by fabricating six pipe girth welds with a range of wall-thickness, weld heat input and weld groove geometries. The robustness of the developed artificial neural network (ANN) approach is demonstrated by sensitivity studies in input variables and training data. The performance and suitability of the ANN approach is discussed by comparison with stress profiles recommended in defect assessment procedures. This is followed by an evaluation of whether the use of neural network bounding profiles can lead to non-conservative estimates of stress intensity factor in fracture assessments. The neural network approach shows sufficient potential to be developed into an alternative prediction tool for use in fracture assessment of welded components.
The Political Entanglements of Recognition: Aboriginal Title, Crown Sovereignty, and Indigenous Self Determination
Creators: name: Goslin, Noah
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2022
Subjects: Indigenous Studies
Cultural Anthropology
Political Anthropology
Colonial Studies

description: Since the Supreme Court of Canada's Calder (1973) decision, Canada has been forced to recognize that Aboriginal title exists. As a result, Canada has indirectly recognized that Indigenous peoples were self-governing prior to British occupation, however, there has yet to be a comprehensive and adequate articulation of the ongoing sovereignty of Indigenous peoples in Canada. Indigenous Nations across Turtle Island have questioned to what degree Canada "owns" their lands, and have done so in a myriad of ways. Primarily, I centre my critical analysis on Canada’s land claims policy regime and its relationship to the Supreme Court of Canada's jurisprudence regarding Aboriginal title. I ask: a) what does it mean for Canada to "give" land back to Indigenous Nations that it does not hold title to in the first place, and b) by what strategies has Canada come to claim sovereignty and radical title over Indigenous lands? These questions may only be answered by uncovering the political rationalities and objectives that Canada has enacted and sought since the establishment of the colony under British colonialism. I argue that the project of settler-colonialism, as a form of governmentality, is an unfinished project that constantly seeks the erasure of Indigenous peoples and polities in favour of white-settler society.
Testing & Analysis of UBC Water Discharge Sites During Non-Storm Events
Creators: name: Fowler, Jennifer
name: Phillips, Ashley
name: Robinson, Karen
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Exponential complexity of an adiabatic algorithm for an NP-complete problem
Creators: name: Znidaric, Marko
name: Horvat, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove an analytical expression for the size of the gap between the ground and the first excited state of quantum adiabatic algorithm for the 3-satisfiability, where the initial Hamiltonian is a projector on the subspace complementary to the ground state. For large problem sizes the gap decreases exponentially and as a consequence the required running time is also exponential.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures; v3. published version
H_2 Line Emission Associated with the Formation of the First Stars
Creators: name: Mizusawa, Hiromi
name: Nishi, Ryoichi
name: Omukai, Kazuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular hydrogen line radiation emitted in formation events of first-generation stars are evaluated in a discussion of its detectability by future observational facilities. H_2 luminosity evolution from the onset of prestellar collapse until the formation of a \sim 100 M_{\odot} protostar is followed. Calculations are extended not only to the early phase of the runaway collapse but also to the later phase of accretion, whose observational features have not been studied before. Contrary to the runaway collapse phase, where the pure-rotational lines are always dominant, in the accretion phase rovibrational line emission becomes prominent. The maximum luminosity is also attained in the accretion phase for strong emission lines. The peak intensity of the strongest rovibrational line reaches \sim 10^{-29} (W/m^2), corresponding to the flux density of 10^{-5} (μJy), for a source at the typical redshift of first-generation star formation, 1+z=20. Although the redshifted rovibrational H_2 emission from such an epoch falls in the wavelength range of the next-generation infrared satellite, Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics, for exceeding the detection threshold 10^7 such protostars are required to reach the maximum luminosity simultaneously in a pregalactic cloud. It is improbable that this condition is satisfied in a realistic scenario of early structure formation.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, accepted by PASJ
Application of the Pythagorean Expected Wins Percentage and Cross-Validation Methods in Estimating Team Quality
Creators: name: Boudreaux, Christopher
name: Ehrlich, Justin
name: Ghimire, Shankar
name: Sanders, Shane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Pythagorean Expected Wins Percentage Model was developed by Bill James to estimate a baseball team expected wins percentage over the course of a season. As such, the model can be used to assess how lucky or unfortunate a team was over the course of a season. From a sports analytics perspective, such information is valuable in that it is important to understand how reproducible a given result may be in the next time period. In contest theoretic (game theoretic) parlance, the original model represents a (restricted) Tullock contest success function (CSF). We transform, estimate, and compare the original model and two alternative models from contest theory, the serial and difference form CSFs, using MLB team win data (2003 to 2015) and perform a cross-validation exercise to test the accuracy of the alternative models. The serial CSF estimator dramatically improves wins estimation (reduces root mean squared error) compared to the original model, an optimized version of the model, or an optimized difference form model. We conclude that the serial CSF model of wins estimation substantially improves estimates of team quality, on average. The work provides a real world test of alternative contest forms.
description: 8 pages, 3 tables
Mesoscale finite element modelling of failure behaviour of steel-bar reinforced UHPFRC beams with randomly distributed fibres
Creators: name: Y. Zhang
name: Z. Yang
name: N. Tsang
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This study develops a nonlinear finite element model for simulation of complicated failure behaviour of ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) beams reinforced with steel bars and stirrups. In this model, the continuum damage plasticity model is used as the constitutive law for the UHPC matrix, and cohesive elements are used to simulate the softening bond-slip behaviour of the steel fibres/bars-UHPC matrix interfaces. Both the steel fibres and bars are modelled by elastic-plastic beam elements. As such, all the potential failure modes, including the matrix cracking and crushing, yielding and breakage of steel bars and fibres, and debonding of interfaces, can be simulated. A beam under four-point loading with various shear span versus beam depth ratios was simulated to validate the model. The results were compared well with experiments in terms of load-deflection curves and failure behaviour.
A FUTURES MARKET FOR MAIZE IN SOUTH AFRICA
Creators: name: Van Der Vyver, A.
name: Van Zyl, J.
name: Van Der Vyver, A.
name: Van Zyl, J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: A futures market can potentially alleviate some of the existing marketing problems in respect of maize, particularly with regard to price risks. The futures market does not function separately from the price-fixing system. The cash price, forward contract price and future price are interdependent. In theory little fault can be found with the operation of a futures market. An option scheme may increase the potential benefits of a futures market. However, before a futures market can be implemented, certain requirements must be met, inter alia, a freer market, sufficient liquidity, the training of the parties concerned and an efficient information system.
Transition metal dichalcogenide metamaterials with atomic precision
Creators: name: Munkhbat, Battulga
name: Yankovich, Andrew B.
name: Verre, Ruggero
name: Olsson, Eva
name: Shegai, Timur O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to extract materials just a few atoms thick has led to discovery of graphene, monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and other important two-dimensional materials. The next step in promoting understanding and utility of the flatland physics beyond the state-of-the-art is to study one-dimensional edges of such two-dimensional materials as well as to control the edge-plane ratio. Edges typically exhibit properties that are unique and distinctly different from those of planes and bulk. Thus, controlling them allows to design principally new materials with synthetic edge-plane-bulk characteristics, that is, TMD metamaterials. However, the enabling technology to study such metamaterials experimentally in a precise and systematic way has not yet been developed. Here we report a facile and controllable anisotropic wet etching method that allows scalable fabrication of TMD metamaterials with atomic precision. We show that TMDs can be etched along certain crystallographic axes, such that the obtained edges are atomically sharp and exclusively zigzag-terminated. This results in hexagonal nanostructures of predefined order and complexity, including few nanometer thin nanoribbons and nanojunctions. The method thus enables future studies of a broad range of TMD metamaterials with tailored functionality through atomically precise control of the structure.
Dissipative tunneling and orthogonality catastrophe in molecular transistors
Creators: name: Braig, Stephan
name: Flensberg, Karsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transport through molecular devices with weak tunnel coupling to the leads but with strong coupling to a single vibrational mode is considered in the case where the vibration is damped by coupling to the environment. In particular, we investigate what influence the electrostatic coupling of the charge on the molecule to the vibrational modes of the environment has on the $I$-$V$ characteristics. We find that, for comparable characteristic length scales of the van-der-Waals and electrostatic interaction of the molecule with the environmental vibrational modes, the $I$-$V$ characteristics are qualitatively changed from what one would expect from orthogonality catastrophe and develop a steplike discontinuity at the onset of conduction. For the case of very different length scales, we recover dissipation consistent with modeling the electrostatic forces as an external influence on the system comprised of molecule and substrate, which implies the appearance of orthogonality catastrophe, in accord with previous results.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, REVTeX 4; corrected typos, added journal refs., added content in Sec. IV
Critical Evaluation of Relative Importance of Stress and Stress Gradient in Whisker Growth in Tin Coatings
Creators: name: Jagtap, Piyush
name: Sethuraman, Vijay A.
name: Kumar, Praveen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here, we study the role of stress state and stress gradient in whisker growth in Sn coatings electrodeposited on brass. The bulk stress in Sn coatings was measured using a laser-optics based curvature setup, whereas glancing angle X-ray diffraction was employed to quantify the surface stress; this also allowed studying role of out-of-plane stress gradient in whisker growth. Both bulk stress and surface stress in Sn coating evolved with time, wherein both were compressive immediately after the deposition, and thereafter while the bulk stress monotonically became more compressive and subsequently saturated with aging at room temperature, the stress near the surface of the Sn coating continually became more tensile with aging. These opposing evolutionary behaviors of bulk and surface stresses readily established a negative out-of-plane stress gradient, required for spontaneous growth of whiskers. The importance of out-of-plane stress gradient was also validated by externally imposing widely different stress states and stress gradients in Sn coatings using a 3-point bending apparatus. It was consistently observed that whisker growth was more in the coatings under external tensile stress, however, with higher negative out-of-plane stress gradient. The results conclusively indicate the critical role of negative out-of-plane stress gradient on whisker growth, as compared to only the nature (i.e., sign and magnitude) of stress.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures
Excitation dynamics in polyacene molecules on rare-gas clusters
Creators: name: Bohlen, Matthias
name: Michiels, Rupert
name: Michelbach, Moritz
name: Ferchane, Selmane
name: Walter, Michael
name: Eisfeld, Alexander
name: Stienkemeier, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser-induced fluorescence spectra and excitation lifetimes of anthracene, tetracene, and pentacene molecules attached to the surface of solid argon clusters have been measured with respect to cluster size, density of molecules and excitation density. Results are compared to previous studies on the same sample molecules attached to neon clusters. A contrasting lifetime behavior of anthracene on neon and argon clusters is discussed, and mechanisms are suggested to interpret the results. Although both neon and argon clusters are considered to be weakly interacting environments, we find that the excitation decay dynamics of the studied acenes depends significantly on the cluster material. Moreover, we find even qualitative differences regarding the dependence on the dopant density. Based on these observations, previous assignments of collective radiative and non-radiative decay mechanisms are discussed in the context of the new experimental findings.
The changing geometry of a fitness landscape along an adaptive walk
Creators: name: Greene, Devin
name: Crona, Kristina
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: It has recently been noted that the relative prevalence of the various kinds of epistasis varies along an adaptive walk. This has been explained as a result of mean regression in NK model fitness landscapes. Here we show that this phenomenon occurs quite generally in fitness landscapes. We propose a simple and general explanation for this phenomenon, confirming the role of mean regression. We provide support for this explanation with simulations, and discuss the empirical relevance of our findings.
Influences on the Adoption of Climate Resilient Water Innovation in Agri-food System: A Construal Theory Approach
Creators: name: Puri, Parag
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2022
Subjects: Grand Challenge
Food System
Water Innovation
Climate Controlled Agriculture
Climate-resilient Water Technologies
Sustainable Water Innovation Adoption Model
Water Innovation Adoption
Hydroponics

description: Global food systems are facing a grand challenge due to daunting food security targets, risk vulnerabilities (e.g., COVID-19 crisis), internal unsustainability regarding resource use and contribution to environmental degradation (e.g., GHG emissions, land degradation and biodiversity loss). Such a situation demands a transformation of the global food system towards more local, alternative, community, and sustainable food systems. Past studies of the food system have shown that major advances toward socio-environmental sustainability can be achieved through the application of technology and the push for innovation. Therefore, since water is at the center of all food system challenges this study focused on climate-resilient water innovation, which includes using hydroponics, aeroponics or aquaponics technologies within a Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) to bring about this change. This qualitative study was undertaken to uncover the individual, institutional, technological, and farm/organizational factors that influenced the adoption of such climate-resilient water technologies. Additionally, it also involved investigating the individual construals and their relation to sustainable water innovation adoption. The study was able to discover new constructs, namely- sustainability ethos, individual construals, land/soil characteristics, location of urban farm, farm size bias, inter-provincial variation, complex systemic technologies, localization, and all-year-round production, that act as barriers and facilitators to sustainable water innovation adoption. Finally, developed a sustainable water innovation adoption model using an inductive and deductive approach that can be used by technology providers, the government and policy institutions for insightful decision-making with respect to water innovation in the Canadian agri-food sector.
The changing geometry of a fitness landscape along an adaptive walk
Creators: name: Greene, Devin
name: Crona, Kristina
Publisher: name: University of California, Merced
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3102
subject: Bioinformatics and computational biology

description: It has recently been noted that the relative prevalence of the various kinds of epistasis varies along an adaptive walk. This has been explained as a result of mean regression in NK model fitness landscapes. Here we show that this phenomenon occurs quite generally in fitness landscapes. We propose a simple and general explanation for this phenomenon, confirming the role of mean regression. We provide support for this explanation with simulations, and discuss the empirical relevance of our findings.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in strong-coupling lattice QCD at high density
Creators: name: Bringoltz, Barak
name: Svetitsky, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the patterns of spontaneous symmetry breaking in strong-coupling lattice QCD in a fixed background baryon density. We employ a next-nearest-neighbor fermion formulation that possesses the SU(N_f)xSU(N_f) chiral symmetry of the continuum theory. We find that the global symmetry of the ground state varies with N_f and with the background baryon density. In all cases the condensate breaks the discrete rotational symmetry of the lattice as well as part of the chiral symmetry group.
description: 10 pages, RevTeX 4; added discussion of accidental degeneracy of vacuum after Eq. (35)
Which Risks get Managed? addressing Climate Effects in the context of evolving Water-Governance Institutions
Creators: name: Conca, Kenneth
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Warnings about climate change invariably stress water-related effects. Such effects are typically framed as both unpredictable and disruptive, and are thus said to create large new risks to the water sector demanding adaptive responses. This article examines how such responses are mediated by, and also compromised by, two dominant trends in the evolution of water governance institutions: (1) the rise of an “integrated” paradigm of water resources management, which has encouraged the development of more complex and interconnected water institutions, and (2) the rapidly changing political economy of water financing and investment. Each of these trends carries its own strong presumptions about what constitutes water-related risk and how such risk is properly managed. The article uses the specific example of large dam projects to illustrate how these ongoing trends in water governance shape and complicate the prospect of managing climate-water risks.
A system for the deterministic transfer of 2D materials under inert environmental conditions
Creators: name: Gant, Patricia
name: Carrascoso, Felix
name: Zhao, Qinghua
name: Ryu, Yu Kyoung
name: Seitz, Michael
name: Prins, Ferry
name: Frisenda, Riccardo
name: Castellanos-Gomez, Andres
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The isolation of air-sensitive two-dimensional (2D) materials and the race to achieve a better control of the interfaces in van der Waals heterostructures has pushed the scientific community towards the development of experimental setups that allow to exfoliate and transfer 2D materials under inert atmospheric conditions. These systems are typically based on over pressurized N2 of Ar gloveboxes that require the use of very thick gloves to operate within the chamber or the implementation of several motorized micro-manipulators. Here, we set up a deterministic transfer system for 2D materials within a gloveless anaerobic chamber. Unlike other setups based on over-pressurized gloveboxes, in our system the operator can manipulate the 2D materials within the chamber with bare hands. This experimental setup allows us to exfoliate 2D materials and to deterministically place them at a desired location with accuracy in a controlled O2-free and very low humidity (<2% RH) atmosphere. We illustrate the potential of this system to work with air-sensitive 2D materials by comparing the stability of black phosphorus and perovskite flakes inside and outside the anaerobic chamber.
description: 6 main text figures, 7 supp. info. figures. 1 main text table with all the part numbers needed to assemble the setup
Studies on slow radio transients
Creators: name: Wołowska, Aleksandra
name: Kunert-Bajraszewska, Magdalena
name: Mooley, Kunal
name: Siemiginowska, Aneta
name: Kharb, Preeti
name: Ishwara-Chandra, C. H.
name: Hallinan, Gregg
name: Gromadzki, Mariusz
name: Kozieł-Wierzbowska, Dorota
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a brief overview of a very extensive studies of the group of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that transitioned to radio-loud state over the past few decades. The sample consists of twelve sources, both quasars and galaxies, showing the characteristics of gigahertz-peaked spectrum (GPS) objects undergoing relatively rapid changes, due to the evolution of their newly-born radio jets. Discussed objects also show a wide range of physical parameters such as bolometric luminosity, black hole mass and jet power, suggesting a great diversity among young active galactic nuclei and their hosts. Furthermore, we introduce a new observational project, the aim of which will be to investigate and gain a more in-depth understanding of the phenomenon of slow radio transients.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures