cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Models of polymer solutions in electrified jets and solution blowing
Creators: name: Lauricella, Marco
name: Succi, Sauro
name: Zussman, Eyal
name: Pisignano, Dario
name: Yarin, Alexander L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluid flows hosting electrical phenomena make the subject of a fascinating and highly interdisciplinary scientific field. In recent years, the extraordinary success of electrospinning and solution blowing technologies for the generation of polymer nanofibers has motivated vibrant research aiming at rationalizing the behavior of viscoelastic jets under applied electric fields or other stretching fields including gas streams. Theoretical models unveiled many original aspects in the underpinning physics of polymer solutions in jets, and provided useful information to improve experimental platforms. This article reviews advances in the theoretical description and numerical simulation of polymer solution jets in electrospinning and solution blowing. Instability phenomena of electrical and hydrodynamic origin are highlighted, which play a crucial role in the relevant flow physics. Specifications leading to accurate and computationally viable models are formulated. Electrohydrodynamic modeling, theories for the jet bending instability, recent advances in Lagrangian approaches to describe the jet flow, including strategies for dynamic refinement of simulations, and effects of strong elongational flow on polymer networks are reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of the field are outlined and discussed, including the task of correlating the physics of the jet flows with the properties of realized materials, as well as the development of multiscale techniques for modelling viscoelastic jets.
description: 135 pages, 42 figures
Adaptation in the Anthropocene: issues of justice in national adaptation programmes of action
Creators: name: White, Abbie
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2017
Subjects: climate justice
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UNFCCC
least developed countries
adaptation
mitigation

description: Presented at the Environmental justice in the Anthropocene symposium held on April 24-25, 2017 at the Lory Student Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins Colorado. This symposium aims to bring together academics (faculty and graduate students), independent researchers, community and movement activists, and regulatory and policy practitioners from across disciplines, research areas, perspectives, and different countries. Our overarching goal is to build on several decades of EJ research and practice to address the seemingly intractable environmental and ecological problems of this unfolding era. How can we explore EJ amongst humans and between nature and humans, within and across generations, in an age when humans dominate the landscape? How can we better understand collective human dominance without obscuring continuing power differentials and inequities within and between human societies? What institutional and governance innovations can we adopt to address existing challenges and to promote just transitions and futures?
description: Adaptation is and will continue to be an opportunity to tackle the effects of climate change with the potential to address or exacerbate issues of justice. Adaptation activities and governance can support or derail just transitions and just futures. This is of particular importance for vulnerable communities, who contribute less to the drivers of climate change, but are burdened with more of the effects. In recognition of global inequalities and the specific vulnerabilities of least developed countries (LDCs), the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) developed National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs). NAPAs are a way for LDCs to determine and communicate their urgent adaptation needs and provide an avenue for adaptation activities to be funded. This paper analyses the considerations of justice that are inscribed in NAPA reports submitted to the UNFCCC. In doing so, it will examine issues of distributive justice and procedural justice embedded in the NAPA reports and preparation process. While the broad idea of NAPAs addresses issues of inequality and justice at a global scale, by applying to LDCs, this paper questions whether these rhetorical commitments to justice are actualised in the reports and whether a commitment to justice is carried through to the most vulnerable communities within countries. NAPAs can be seen as a governance tool that in theory can address issues of justice. Fair and transparent governance, planning and implementation of adaptation measures is necessary to avoid exacerbating existing inequalities and the creation of new injustices within and between current and future generations. This paper aims to contribute to this symposium by providing insights into the justice considerations in NAPAs.
title: Neueinstellungen von Älteren: Keine Ausnahme, aber auch noch keine Normalität
title: Anhaltende Altersungleichheit bei Neueinstellungen trotz zunehmender Beschäftigungsquoten Älterer
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Brussig, Martin
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications Online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2018

description: Auf einen Blick …

Angesichts anhaltend dynamischer Arbeitsmärkte wird es in einer alternden Erwerbsbevölkerung wichtiger, dass auch ältere Arbeitnehmer/innen neu eingestellt werden.

In den Jahren 2002 bis 2006 wurden jeweils zwischen 600.000 und 700.000 Personen ab 50 Jahren in sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung eingestellt. Die Zahl schwankt mit dem Konjunkturverlauf, doch der Anteil der Älteren an allen neu Eingestellten blieb mit ca. 10 Prozent nahezu konstant. Er lag damit deutlich unter ihrem Beschäftigungsanteil von ca. 22 Prozent.

Die altersspezifische Eintrittsrate (Verhältnis der Eingestellten eines Alters an den Beschäftigten derselben Altersgruppe) ist mit zunehmendem Alter rückläufig. Bei den Älteren ist sie für Männer höher als für Frauen und in Ostdeutschland höher als in Westdeutschland.

Die Eintrittsraten der Älteren sind vor allem in jenen Branchen hoch, die generell eine hohe Fluktuation bei sozialversicherungspflichtigen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen aufweisen. Dazu zählen insbesondere die Bauwirtschaft, Dienstleistungen für Unternehmen und das Gastgewerbe.

Die Eintrittsrate der Älteren beträgt nur knapp 60 Prozent der Eintrittsrate der 30- bis 49-Jährigen. Trotz stark steigender Anteile von Älteren an den Beschäftigten hat sich die Altersungleichheit bei Neueinstellungen bundesweit nicht verringert; in Ostdeutschland hat sie sogar stark zugenommen.
Evaluating Source Separation Algorithms With Reverberant Speech
Creators: name: Mandel, Michael I.
name: Bressler, Scott
name: Shinn-Cunningham, Barbara
name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Electrical engineering
Sound

description: This paper examines the performance of several source separation systems on a speech separation task for which human intelligibility has previously been measured. For anechoic mixtures, automatic speech recognition (ASR) performance on the separated signals is quite similar to human performance. In reverberation, however, while signal separation has some benefit for ASR, the results are still far below those of human listeners facing the same task. Performing this same experiment with a number of oracle masks created with a priori knowledge of the separated sources motivates a new objective measure of separation performance, the Direct-path, Early echo, and Reverberation, of the Target and Masker (DERTM), which is closely related to the ASR results. This measure indicates that while the non-oracle algorithms successfully reject the direct-path signal from the masking source, they reject less of its reverberation, explaining the disappointing ASR performance.
title: Fat-containing breast lesions: the essentials
Creators: name: Fernández Tamayo, Ana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Breast
subject: Mammography
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Education
subject: Education and training
subject: Retrospective
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To review the main radiological features of the breast lesions with fatty content, with radio - pathologic correlation To define their differential diagnosis To describe the pitfalls and pseudolesions that may lead to...
Economic Crisis and Share Price Unpredictability: Reasons and Implications
Creators: name: Fox, Edward G.
name: Fox, Merritt B.
name: Gilson, Ronald J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Stocks--Prices
subject: Securities
subject: Financial crises--Economic aspects
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Economics

description: During the recent financial crisis, there was a dramatic spike in “idiosyncratic volatility”—the volatility of individual firm share prices after adjustment for movements in the market as a whole. The average firm’s increase was a remarkable five-fold as measured by variance. This dramatic spike is not peculiar to the most recent crisis. Rather, it has occurred with each major downturn in the economy since the 1920s, as our paper shows for the first time. These spikes present a puzzle in terms of existing economic theory. They also have important implications for several areas of corporate and securities law where the capacity of securities prices to reflect available information is particularly important. Examples include the presumption of reliance, loss causation and materiality in fraud-on-the-market suits, materiality in insider trading cases, and the corporate law regulation of defenses undertaken by targets of hostile takeover attempts. The continuing centrality of these issues is underscored by this week’s decision in Halliburton Co v. Erica P. John Fund, where the Supreme Court ruled that a defendant can defeat a fraud-on-the-market case class certification by showing that the alleged misstatement had no impact on price.
Reduced order modeling for elliptic problems with high contrast diffusion coefficients
Creators: name: Cohen, Albert
name: Dolbeault, Matthieu
name: Somacal, Agustin
name: Dahmen, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the parametric elliptic PDE $-{\rm div} (a(y)\nabla u)=f$ on a spatial domain $Ω$, with $a(y)$ a scalar piecewise constant diffusion coefficient taking any positive values $y=(y_1, \dots, y_d)\in ]0,\infty[^d$ on fixed subdomains $Ω_1,\dots,Ω_d$. This problem is not uniformly elliptic as the contrast $κ(y)=\frac{\max y_j}{\min y_j}$ can be arbitrarily high, contrarily to the Uniform Ellipticity Assumption (UEA) that is commonly made on parametric elliptic PDEs. Based on local polynomial approximations in the $y$ variable, we construct local and global reduced model spaces $V_n$ of moderate dimension $n$ that approximate uniformly well all solutions $u(y)$. Since the solution $u(y)$ blows as $y\to 0$, the solution manifold is not a compact set and does not have finite $n$-width. Therefore, our results for approximation by such spaces are formulated in terms of relative $H^1_0$-projection error, that is, after normalization by $\|u(y)\|_{H^1_0}$. We prove that this relative error decays exponentially with $n$, yet exhibiting the curse of dimensionality as the number $d$ of subdomains grows. We also show similar rates for the Galerkin projection despite the fact that high contrast is well-known to deteriorate the multiplicative constant when applying Cea's lemma. We finally establish uniform estimates in relative error for the state estimation and parameter estimation inverse problems, when $y$ is unknown and a limited number of linear measurements $\ell_i(u)$ are observed. A key ingredient in our construction and analysis is the study of the convergence of $u(y)$ to limit solutions when some of the parameters $y_j$ tend to infinity.
Optimization of the magnetic properties of FePd alloys by severe plastic deformation
Creators: name: Chbihi, Abdelahad
name: Sauvage, Xavier
name: Genevois, Cécile
name: Blavette, Didier
name: Gunderov, Dmitry
name: Popov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A FePd alloy was nanostructured by severe plastic deformation following two different routes: ordered and disordered states were processed by high pressure torsion (HPT). A grain size in a range of 50 to 150 nm is obtained in both cases. Severe plastic deformation induces some significant disordering of the long range ordered L10 phase. However, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) data clearly show that few ordered nanocrystals remain in the deformed state. The deformed materials were annealed to achieve nanostructured long range ordered alloys. The transformation proceeds via a first order transition characterized by the nucleation of numerous ordered domains along grain boundaries. The influence of the annealing conditions (temperature and time) on the coercivity was studied for both routes. It is demonstrated that starting with the disorder state prior to HPT and annealing at low temperature (400\degree C) leads to the highest coercivity (about 1.8 kOe).
title: Do very high-frequency linear array transducers introduce a new paradigm in ultrasound imaging?
Creators: name: Goddi, Alfredo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Experimental
subject: Not applicable
subject: Education and training
subject: Equipment
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Soft tissues / Skin
subject: Musculoskeletal

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The drive to develop very high-frequency ultrasound (VHF-US) linear array transducers is moved by the need to allow new clinical applications and to increase spatial resolution in the current small part application. This EPOS aims to provide a...
The Experiences of Racialized Faculty within Independent Schools: A Narrative Inquiry
Creators: name: Panjwani, Suhail
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Decolonization
subject: Independent Schools
subject: Race
subject: Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy
subject: Education--Curriculum and Instruction

description: In this research, I explored the lived experiences of racialized faculty within Canadian independent schools. The genesis of this study was the profound lack of information available about the experiences of racialized peoples within the independent school context. This poses significant issues for me, both professionally and personally. Without any insight into or understanding of the lived experiences of racialized communities within the contexts of independent schools, there is little hope for making meaningful changes towards more equitable and inclusive educational experiences for these groups. This study is important, if we as Canadians, believe that the ideals of equity should be extended to all demographics who attend and teach within independent schools. The overarching research question used to guide my inquiry was: How have the professional experiences of racialized teachers within independent schools contributed to the understanding of race? Using Narrative Inquiry as a methodological framework, I positioned each narrative within the context of a three-dimensional narrative inquiry space and then analyzed through an integrative theoretical framework which draws on Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy (CSP) as a decolonial practice. Using a CSP approach would foreground alternative cultural epistemologies to meet the pedagogical needs of racialized students and faculty within the independent school system. The findings from this study support the recommendation that independent schools be open to pausing, acknowledging the harm that has been caused, and to listen and learn from racialized communities in the process towards decolonization. In undertaking this process, this study hopes that independent schools can work towards a stronger relational ethic with the racialized faculty and students that live and learn within their school systems.
Insights into the Interaction of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Creators: name: Wester, Michael
name: Arzt, Michael
name: Sinha, Frederick
name: Maier, Lars S.
name: Lebek, Simon
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: heart failure, HFpEF, obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea, pathomechanisms
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is emerging as a widespread disease with global socioeconomic impact. Patients with HFpEF show a dramatically increased morbidity and mortality, and, unfortunately, specific treatment options are limited. This is due to the various etiologies that promote HFpEF development. Indeed, cluster analyses with common HFpEF comorbidities revealed the existence of several HFpEF phenotypes. One especially frequent, yet underappreciated, comorbidity is sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), which is closely intertwined with the development and progression of the “obese HFpEF phenotype”. The following review article aims to provide an overview of the common HFpEF etiologies and phenotypes, especially in the context of SDB. As general HFpEF therapies are often not successful, patient- and phenotype-individualized therapeutic strategies are warranted. Therefore, for the “obese HFpEF phenotype”, a better understanding of the mechanistic parallels between both HFpEF and SDB is required, which may help to identify potential phenotype-individualized therapeutic strategies. Novel technologies like single-cell transcriptomics or CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing further broaden the groundwork for deeper insights into pathomechanisms and precision medicine
title: Craniocervical junction involvement in musculoskeletal diseases: imaging findings
Creators: name: Ceccarelli, Luca
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal
subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Education
subject: Arthritides
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Our aim is to interpret the imaging findings of the craniocervical junction in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), in relation to the possible involvement of this region in various musculoskeletal...
Afghanistan's Robert Redford Moment
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009

description: “So, what do we do now?” This is the question newly elected senator Bill McKay, played by Robert Redford, asks his campaign manager in the last scene of the 1972 movie The Candidate. It is also the question we should be asking in Afghanistan today, now that the election– which took months of preparation, thousands of people doing everything from security to election administration to political party development, and millions of dollars in assistance–is over, and has been judged a success.
Wave transport in one-dimensional disordered systems with finite-width potential steps
Creators: name: Díaz, Marlos
name: Mello, Pier A.
name: Yépez, M.
name: Tomsovic, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An amazingly simple model of correlated disorder is a one-dimensional chain of n potential steps with a fixed width lc and random heights. A theoretical analysis of the average transmission coefficient and Landauer resistance as functions of n and klc predicts two distinct regimes of behavior, one marked by extreme sensitivity and the other associated with exponential behavior of the resistance. The sensitivity arises in n and klc for klc approximately pi, where the system is nearly transparent. Numerical simulations match the predictions well, and they suggest a strong motivation for experimental study.
description: A6 pages. 5 figures. Accepted in EPL
What Can We Really Learn from Afghanistan?
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Armed Forces
Public policy (Law)

description: The lessons which the U.S. learns from Afghanistan will frame foreign policy for the decades to come, but it is not at all clear what all those lessons will be. Some of these lessons are obvious. There are other less obvious lessons from the U.S. experience in Afghanistan which are worth exploring as well.
Evaluating Transformer Language Models on Arithmetic Operations Using Number Decomposition
Creators: name: Muffo, Matteo
name: Cocco, Aldo
name: Bertino, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, Large Language Models such as GPT-3 showed remarkable capabilities in performing NLP tasks in the zero and few shot settings. On the other hand, the experiments highlighted the difficulty of GPT-3 in carrying out tasks that require a certain degree of reasoning, such as arithmetic operations. In this paper we evaluate the ability of Transformer Language Models to perform arithmetic operations following a pipeline that, before performing computations, decomposes numbers in units, tens, and so on. We denote the models fine-tuned with this pipeline with the name Calculon and we test them in the task of performing additions, subtractions and multiplications on the same test sets of GPT-3. Results show an increase of accuracy of 63% in the five-digit addition task. Moreover, we demonstrate the importance of the decomposition pipeline introduced, since fine-tuning the same Language Model without decomposing numbers results in 0% accuracy in the five-digit addition task.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, published at LREC 2022
SCRATCH DASTURIDA PEN USKUNASIDAN FOYDALANISH
Creators: name: Yo'ldasheva, Sadoqat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqolada, Scratch dasturida mavjud bo‘lgan Pen uskunasi haqida so‘z boradi. Scratch — bu dasturlashni o‘rganish uchun maxsus yaratilgan o‘yin shaklidagi dastur bo‘lib, unga yordamida o‘quvchilar o‘zlarining dasturlash ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishlari mumkin. Pen uskunasi yordamida esa o‘quvchilar chizmalar yaratish, geometrik shakllar hosil qilish va tasvirlarni yaratish imkoniyatiga ega bo‘ladilar. Ushbu maqolada Scratch dasturidagi Pen uskunasining o‘quvchilarga qanday foyda keltirishi va ularning ijodiy qobiliyatlarini qanday rivojlantirishi haqida so‘z boradi.
A Dynamic Programming Approach to Adaptive Fractionation
Creators: name: Ramakrishnan, Jagdish
name: Craft, David
name: Bortfeld, Thomas
name: Tsitsiklis, John N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conduct a theoretical study of various solution methods for the adaptive fractionation problem. The two messages of this paper are: (i) dynamic programming (DP) is a useful framework for adaptive radiation therapy, particularly adaptive fractionation, because it allows us to assess how close to optimal different methods are, and (ii) heuristic methods proposed in this paper are near-optimal, and therefore, can be used to evaluate the best possible benefit of using an adaptive fraction size. The essence of adaptive fractionation is to increase the fraction size when the tumor and organ-at-risk (OAR) are far apart (a "favorable" anatomy) and to decrease the fraction size when they are close together. Given that a fixed prescribed dose must be delivered to the tumor over the course of the treatment, such an approach results in a lower cumulative dose to the OAR when compared to that resulting from standard fractionation. We first establish a benchmark by using the DP algorithm to solve the problem exactly. In this case, we characterize the structure of an optimal policy, which provides guidance for our choice of heuristics. We develop two intuitive, numerically near-optimal heuristic policies, which could be used for more complex, high-dimensional problems. Furthermore, one of the heuristics requires only a statistic of the motion probability distribution, making it a reasonable method for use in a realistic setting. Numerically, we find that the amount of decrease in dose to the OAR can vary significantly (5 - 85%) depending on the amount of motion in the anatomy, the number of fractions, and the range of fraction sizes allowed. In general, the decrease in dose to the OAR is more pronounced when: (i) we have a high probability of large tumor-OAR distances, (ii) we use many fractions (as in a hyper-fractionated setting), and (iii) we allow large daily fraction size deviations.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
title: Harmonized quality assurance/quality control provisions to assess completeness and robustness of MS1 data preprocessing for LC-HRMS-based suspect screening and non-targeted analysis
Creators: name: Sarah Lennon
name: Jade Chaker
name: Marja Lamoree
name: Carolin Huber
name: Julien Parinet
name: Thierry Guérin
name: Tobias Schulze
name: Nicolas Creusot
name: Michael A. Stravs
name: Rosalie Nijssen
name: Žiga Tkalec
name: Baninia Habchi
name: Jean-Philippe Antignac
name: Emilien L. Jamin
name: Nafsika Papaioannou
name: Katerina Gabriel
name: Dimosthenis Sarigiannis
name: Emma Schymanski
name: Lutz Ahrens
name: Tina Kosjek
name: Elliott J. Price
name: Arthur David
Publisher: name: LCSB
Year: 2023

description: Non-targeted and suspect screening analysis using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry holds great promise to more comprehensively characterize real-life complex chemical exposures mixtures. However, large-scale implementation of these strategies for research and regulatory purposes still faces several analytical and informatic challenges. Data preprocessing (feature extraction from raw data) is a crucial part of the process, with many approaches described for metabolomics and exposure-related applications. However, some limitations are observed: (i) peak-picking and feature extraction might be incomplete, especially for low abundant compounds, and (ii) limited reproducibility has been observed between laboratories and software for detected features (potentially due to mass and retention time alignment or detection issues) and their relative quantification. To address the current limitations related to data preprocessing steps, we first conducted a critical literature review of existing solutions that could improve the reproducibility of data preprocessing and the efficiency of extraction of useful information from LC-HRMS data. Solutions include providing repositories and reporting guidelines, open and modular processing workflows, public benchmark datasets, tools to optimize the data preprocessing and to filter out false positive detections. Since we identified a lack of consistent and harmonized quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) guidelines available to assess the quality of data preprocessing steps, we propose and discuss harmonized QA/QCs sets for data preprocessing relevant for human biomonitoring (HBM), food and environment communities, to ensure robust and reproducible detection of contaminants of emerging concern. The sets of harmonized QA/QC provisions include criteria that would allow to assess the sensitivity of feature detection, reproducibility, integration accuracy, precision, accuracy, and consistency of data preprocessing. Further collaborative studies will be needed to determine thresholds and tolerances for these QA/QCs.
The role of soil moisture initialization in subseasonal and seasonal streamflow prediction: A case study in Sri Lanka
Creators: name: Mahanama, Sarith P. P.
name: Koster, Randal D.
name: Reichle, Rolf H.
name: Zubair, Lareef M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Soil moisture
Streamflow--Forecasting
Hydrology

description: The two main contributors to streamflow predictability at subseasonal to seasonal timescales in tropical regions are: (i) the predictability of meteorologic (particularly precipitation) anomalies, and (ii) the land surface soil moisture state at the start of the forecast period. Meteorological predictions at subseasonal timescale are usually fraught with error and may not be dependable. The accurate initialization of soil moisture, as obtained through real-time land data analysis, may provide skill in subseasonal to seasonal streamflow prediction, even when the prediction skill for rainfall is small. A series of experiments using the Catchment Land Surface Model (CLSM) is performed to characterize the contribution of accurate soil moisture initialization to the skill of streamflow prediction in Sri Lanka at timescales up to 2 months. We find that at the monthly timescale, accurate soil moisture initialization provides between 10% and 60% of the total runoff prediction skill that could be obtained under a perfect prediction of meteorological forcing. Some contributions to streamflow forecast skill are also found for the second month of forecast.
Model-Based Expectation-Maximization Source Separation and Localization
Creators: name: Mandel, Michael I.
name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Electrical engineering
Sound

description: This paper describes a system, referred to as model-based expectation-maximization source separation and localization (MESSL), for separating and localizing multiple sound sources from an underdetermined reverberant two-channel recording. By clustering individual spectrogram points based on their interaural phase and level differences, MESSL generates masks that can be used to isolate individual sound sources. We first describe a probabilistic model of interaural parameters that can be evaluated at individual spectrogram points. By creating a mixture of these models over sources and delays, the multi-source localization problem is reduced to a collection of single source problems. We derive an expectation-maximization algorithm for computing the maximum-likelihood parameters of this mixture model, and show that these parameters correspond well with interaural parameters measured in isolation. As a byproduct of fitting this mixture model, the algorithm creates probabilistic spectrogram masks that can be used for source separation. In simulated anechoic and reverberant environments, separations using MESSL produced on average a signal-to-distortion ratio 1.6 dB greater and perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) results 0.27 mean opinion score units greater than four comparable algorithms.
title: A suggested algorithmic approach for diagnosis and management of Single umbilical artery by ultrasound and color Doppler.
Creators: name: singh, punya
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Vascular
subject: Foetal imaging
subject: Management
subject: Obstetrics (Pregnancy / birth / postnatal period)
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Ultrasound-Spectral Doppler
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Intrauterine diagnosis
subject: Screening
subject: Congenital
subject: Foetus
subject: Obstetrics
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: •Describe the approach to in-utero diagnosis of single umbilical artery by using Gray scale USG & colour Doppler to avoid false positive and false negative cases. •Describe types of single umbilical artery. •Propose the algorithmic approach...
Local convexity properties of Apollonian and Seittenranta's metric balls
Creators: name: Klén, Riku
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30C60, 51M10, 30F45

description: We consider local convexity properties of balls in the Apollonian and Seittenranta's metrics. Balls in the Apollonian metric are considered in the twice punctured space and starlike domains. Balls in Seittenranta's metric are considered in the twice punctured space and in the punctured ball.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
title: Chronic carpal pain of non-traumatic origin: Evaluation by MRI
Creators: name: Sigcha Samaniego, Daniela
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Pathology
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: MR
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Anatomy
subject: Musculoskeletal
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Briefly review the normal anatomy of the wrist. Identify by MRI the most frequent causal entities of chronic carpal pain of non-traumatic...
O'SMIRLIK YOSHIDA SHAXSNING SHAKLLANISHI
Creators: name: Razoqova, Go'zal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: ushbu maqolada o'smirlik davrida shaxsining shakllanishini asosiy me'yorlari, prinsip va tamoyillari, qiyinchiliklardan chiqib keta olish, vaziyatlarga tog'ri baho berish va samarali chiqish, o'z-o'zini nazorat qilishhamda rivojlantirish haqida  yoritib o'tilgan.
Bioinformatic approaches to drug repositioning
Creators: name: Li, Yvonne Yiyuan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Repositioning existing drugs for new therapeutic uses is an efficient approach to drug discovery. However, most successful repositioning cases to date have been serendipitous; the goal of my thesis was to use computational methods to rationally discover drug repositioning candidates. I first virtually screened (VS) 4621 drugs against 252 drug targets with molecular docking. This method emphasized removing potential false positives using stringent criteria from known interaction docking, consensus scores, and rank information. Published literature indicated experimental evidence for 31 top predicted interactions, supporting the approach. The chemotherapeutic nilotinib was validated as a potent MAPK14 inhibitor in vitro (IC50 40nM), suggesting a potential use in inflammatory diseases. I then applied this method to the cancer target EGFR, predicting the anti-HIV drug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) as a novel inhibitor. In vitro, TDF inhibited the proliferation and EGFR-signaling of an EGFR-overexpressing cell line, but did not inhibit EGFR in direct kinase binding assays. This study highlighted limitations of computational and experimental methodologies that should be considered when interpreting or designing other studies. We then screened 1,120 off-patent drugs against the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) target p90RSK using both VS and high-throughput (HTS) methods. VS predicted a set of compounds 26-times enriched for known RSK inhibitors and 11 times enriched for HTS hits, underscoring its efficiency. In secondary screens, the chemotherapeutic ellipticine and the bioflavonoids luteolin and apigenin inhibited RSK activity (IC50 0.50-4.77μM), blocked RSK signaling, and inhibited TNBC cell proliferation. These drugs thus have potential to be repositioned to TNBC. Finally, we rationally repositioned renal cell carcinoma drugs for a patient with a rare tongue adenocarcinoma. Whole genome and transcriptome sequencing of the patient’s tumor and normal cells detected sequence, copy number, and expression aberrations, and analysis suggested that the tumor was driven by the RET oncogene. Treatment with RET-inhibiting drugs stabilized the disease for eight months, after which the disease progressed. We also sequenced the post-treatment tumor and found changes consistent with acquired therapeutic resistance. Overall, this thesis details two novel high-throughput approaches for drug repositioning: virtual screening of drugs and targets and personalized medicine via sequencing.
How Good a Player Was Jackie Robinson?
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Recreation

description: Jackie Robinson played in his last game well over 50 years ago, and died over 40 years ago. Thus many baseball fans never saw Robinson play, and have only read about him or seen old footage of his playing days. Over time, not surprisingly, the story of Jackie Robinson, has surpassed the memory of Jackie Robinson as a player. Robinson was, however, a great player, and an unusual one. Looking more closely at what Jackie Robinson did on the field helps fill in the picture of who he was.
RGB-D Inertial Odometry for a Resource-Restricted Robot in Dynamic Environments
Creators: name: Liu, Jianheng
name: Li, Xuanfu
name: Liu, Yueqian
name: Chen, Haoyao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Current simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms perform well in static environments but easily fail in dynamic environments. Recent works introduce deep learning-based semantic information to SLAM systems to reduce the influence of dynamic objects. However, it is still challenging to apply a robust localization in dynamic environments for resource-restricted robots. This paper proposes a real-time RGB-D inertial odometry system for resource-restricted robots in dynamic environments named Dynamic-VINS. Three main threads run in parallel: object detection, feature tracking, and state optimization. The proposed Dynamic-VINS combines object detection and depth information for dynamic feature recognition and achieves performance comparable to semantic segmentation. Dynamic-VINS adopts grid-based feature detection and proposes a fast and efficient method to extract high-quality FAST feature points. IMU is applied to predict motion for feature tracking and moving consistency check. The proposed method is evaluated on both public datasets and real-world applications and shows competitive localization accuracy and robustness in dynamic environments. Yet, to the best of our knowledge, it is the best-performance real-time RGB-D inertial odometry for resource-restricted platforms in dynamic environments for now. The proposed system is open source at: https://github.com/HITSZ-NRSL/Dynamic-VINS.git
title: Tuberculous serous effusions. Was Koch's Bacillus around here?
Creators: name: Fuentes, Pablo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Inflammation
subject: Infection
subject: Laboratory tests
subject: Complications
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Peritoneum
subject: Lung
subject: Cardiac
subject: Chest

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Review different serous membrane manifestations of tuberculosis (TBC), with an emphasis on their underlying physio-pathological mechanisms and imaging...
Additional file 3 of Loneliness in early psychosis: a qualitative study exploring the views of mental health practitioners in early intervention services
Creators: name: Stefanidou, Theodora
name: Wang, Jingyi
name: Morant, Nicola
name: Lloyd-Evans, Brynmor
name: Johnson, Sonia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 3. Semi-Structured Interview Topic Guide V1.1 15/01/17.
title: Posterior fossa tumors in children and young adults: from trivial to unusual
Creators: name: Salzani, Vagner
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Metastases
subject: Cancer
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Paediatric
subject: Oncology
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Neuro
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The objective of this study is to present the clinical, epidemiologic, and imaging characteristics of the most common posterior fossa neoplasms in children and young adults, with emphasis on key imaging features that facilitate accurate diagnosis....
title: Effects of radiation therapy on musculoskeletal system: what radiologists should know.
Creators: name: Franca, Arthur Hermenegildo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Oncology
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Musculoskeletal

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: 1. Discuss the main changes on musculoskeletal system after radiotherapy (RT) 2. Point out the differences between neoplastic progression / recurrence and expected alterations after radiotherapy. 3. Show examples of post-radiotherapy modification on...
title: Prostate cancer metastases where you didn’t expect them!
Creators: name: Leiva, Camila
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Cancer
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: PET-CT
subject: CT
subject: Pelvis
subject: Lymph nodes
subject: Bones
subject: Genitourinary

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Provide a background for the dissemination of prostate cancer metastases. Illustrate a case series of atypical presentations of metastatic prostate cancer in our...
Improved IP multimedia subsystem authentication mechanism in next generation networks
Creators: name: J. Sharma, Madhu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The provision of IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) introduces important advantages for users of 3G-WLAN access networks. In order to enjoy the benefits of a standardized IMS architecture, the user has to undergo authentication procedure with the access network, followed by an authentication procedure with the IMS layer. This multi-pass authentication procedure is essential for securing IMS from malicious users, resulting in added overhead and possible quality of service degradations. This approach is highly inefficient. The problem is further compounded when the user moves from one WLAN domain into another, which requires the authentication procedure to be repeated. To mitigate this problem, we present a lightweight, robust, and architecture-compatible IMS authentication protocol that implements a one-pass IMS procedure by promoting efficient key re-use for a mobile user. We further show how our protocol is extended to support IMS access over Long Term Evolution (LTE) -Heterogeneous network. IMS, an access network agnostic overlay, is adopted as a de facto standard for for delivering voice over LTE. We make use of Home Node B femtocells to perform the role of IMS proxy. To verify the feasibility of using our protocol in mobile networks, an abstract model of our protocol is derived. The abstract model is emulated using Asterisk server and virtualization techniques. The security of the proposed protocols is verified using the Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) security analyzer. We also analyze the authentication delay of our proposed scheme. Numerical results reveal a reduction in user authentication delay of more than 50 percent compared to the existing authentication procedure.
title: Sonographic "millipede sign": Spontaneous spermatic varicocele thrombosis presenting as acute scrotal pain.
Creators: name: Shilagani, Chaitanya
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Varices
subject: Acute
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound-Spectral Doppler
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Veins / Vena cava
subject: Vascular
subject: Genital / Reproductive system male
subject: Genitourinary

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Discuss and describe the differential diagnosis of acute scrotal pain. Describe the sonographic caterpillar sign of the scrotum. Discuss the underlying pathology and management of spermatic vein or varicocele...
Will Obama Really Get Us out of Afghanistan in 2011?
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Public policy (Law)

description: The Obama administration began qualifying the President’s proposed timeline for beginning the withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan almost immediately after his speech last week. Administration officials such as Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Secretary of Defense Bob Gates have since then made it clear that the July 2011 date for beginning the drawdown is only a target. A closer reading of Obama’s speech suggests that Obama did not really commit to a withdrawal date, only to a date to “begin the transfer of our forces out of Afghanistan.” This could mean anything because the extent and speed of the withdrawal remains unspecified.
The Next Yankee World Series Team
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Recreation

description: Mariano Rivera, who has announced that 2013 will be his last season, is one of the best and, from my subjective view, coolest ballplayers ever. This year, at age 43, he is seeking to comeback from an injury that cost him almost all of the 2012 season. If he saves 50 games, has an ERA under 2.00 and a strikeout to walk ratio of better than 4:1, most Yankee fans would be extremely happy to see their favorite pitcher come all the way back. They would also not be terribly surprised, because Rivera is unlike any other pitcher in the game.