cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High Kerr nonlinearity hydrogenated amorphous silicon nanowires with low two photon absorption and high optical stability
Creators: name: Grillet, C.
name: Carletti, L.
name: Monat, C.
name: Grosse, P.
name: Bakir, B. Ben
name: Menezo, S.
name: Fedeli, J. M.
name: Moss, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate optically stable amorphous silicon nanowires with both high nonlinear figure of merit (FOM) of ~5 and high nonlinearity Re(γ) = 1200W-1m-1. We observe no degradation in these parameters over the entire course of our experiments including systematic study under operation at 2 W coupled peak power (i.e. ~2GW/cm2) over timescales of at least an hour.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, 33 references, 1 table. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1405.2392
The Evolution of Protostars: Insights from Ten Years of Infrared Surveys with Spitzer and Herschel
Creators: name: Dunham, Michael M.
name: Stutz, Amelia M.
name: Allen, Lori E.
name: Evans, Neal J.
name: Fischer, William J.
name: Megeath, S. Thomas
name: Myers, Philip C.
name: Offner, Stella S. R.
name: Poteet, Charles A.
name: Tobin, John J.
name: Vorobyov, Eduard I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stars form from the gravitational collapse of dense molecular cloud cores. In the protostellar phase, mass accretes from the core onto a protostar, likely through an accretion disk, and it is during this phase that the initial masses of stars and the initial conditions for planet formation are set. Over the past decade, new observational capabilities provided by the Spitzer Space Telescope and Herschel Space Observatory have enabled wide-field surveys of entire star-forming clouds with unprecedented sensitivity, resolution, and infrared wavelength coverage. We review resulting advances in the field, focusing both on the observations themselves and the constraints they place on theoretical models of star formation and protostellar evolution. We also emphasize open questions and outline new directions needed to further advance the field.
description: Accepted for publication as a chapter in Protostars and Planets VI, University of Arizona Press (2014), eds. H. Beuther, R. Klessen, C. Dullemond, Th. Henning
Generalised shear coordinates on the moduli spaces of three-dimensional spacetimes
Creators: name: Meusburger, Catherine
name: Scarinci, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce coordinates on the moduli spaces of maximal globally hyperbolic constant curvature 3d spacetimes with cusped Cauchy surfaces S. They are derived from the parametrisation of the moduli spaces by the bundle of measured geodesic laminations over Teichmüller space of S and can be viewed as analytic continuations of the shear coordinates on Teichmüller space. In terms of these coordinates the gravitational symplectic structure takes a particularly simple form, which resembles the Weil-Petersson symplectic structure in shear coordinates, and is closely related to the cotangent bundle of Teichmüller space. We then consider the mapping class group action on the moduli spaces and show that it preserves the gravitational symplectic structure. This defines three distinct mapping class group actions on the cotangent bundle of Teichmüller space, corresponding to different values of the curvature.
description: 40 pages, 6 figures
Zaremba et al. Supplemental notes.
Creators: name: Zaremba, Solomiia
name: Miller, Alex
name: Ovrom, Erik A.
name: Senefeld, Jonathon W.
name: Wiggins, Chad C.
name: Dominelli, Paolo B.
name: Ganesh, Ravindra
name: Hurt, Ryan T.
name: J. Bartholmai, Brian
name: Welch, Brian T
name: Ripoll, Juan G.
name: Joyner, Michael
name: H. Ramsook, Andrew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320899
subject: Medical physiology not elsewhere classified

description: This material has been provided to give readers additional information about the work.Supplement to: Increased luminal area of large conducting airways in patients with COVID-19 and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: A retrospective case-control studyMost recent update: February 22, 2024
High-resolution [C II] imaging of HDF850.1 reveals a merging galaxy at z=5.185
Creators: name: Neri, R.
name: Downes, D.
name: Cox, P.
name: Walter, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New high-resolution maps with the IRAM Interferometer of the redshifted [C II] 158 micron line and the 0.98mm dust continuum of HDF850.1 at z = 5.185 show the source to have a blueshifted northern component and a redshifted southern component, with a projected separation of 0.3 arcsec, or 2 kpc. We interpret these components as primordial galaxies that are merging to form a larger galaxy. We think it is the resulting merger-driven starburst that makes HDF850.1 an ultraluminous infrared galaxy, with an L(IR) of 1E13 Lsun. The observed line and continuum brightness temperatures and the constant line-to-continuum ratio across the source imply (1) high [C II] line optical depth, (2) a [C II] excitation temperature of the same order as the dust temperature, and (3) dust continuum emission that is nearly optically thick at 158 microns. These conclusions for HDF850.1 probably also apply to other high-redshift submillimeter galaxies and quasar hosts in which the [C II] 158 micron line has been detected, as indicated by their roughly constant [C II]-to-158 micron continuum ratios, in sharp contrast to the large dispersion in their [C II]-to-FIR luminosity ratios. In brightness temperature units, the [C II] line luminosity is about the same as the predicted CO(1-0) luminosity, implying that the [C II] line can also be used to estimate the molecular gas mass, with the same assumptions as for CO.
description: Accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics
Active Vision-Based Guidance with a Mobile Device for People with Visual Impairments
Creators: name: Lock, Jacobus
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: The aim of this research is to determine whether an active-vision system with a human-in-the-loop can be implemented to guide a user with visual impairments in finding a target object. Active vision techniques have successfully been applied to various electro-mechanical object search and exploration systems to boost their effectiveness at a given task. However, despite the potential of intelligent visual sensor arrays to enhance a user’s vision capabilities and alleviate some of the impacts that visual deficiencies have on their day-to-day lives, active vision techniques with human-in-the-loop remains an open research topic. In this thesis, an active guidance system is presented, which uses visual input from an object detector and an initial understanding of a typical room layout to generate navigation cues that assist a user with visual impairments in finding a target object. A complete guidance system prototype is implemented, along with a new audio-based interface and a state-of-the-art object detector, onto a mobile device and evaluated with a set of users in real environments. The results show that an active guidance approach performs well compared to other unguided solutions. This research highlights the potential benefits of the proposed active guidance controller and audio interface, which could enhance current vision-based guidance systems and travel aids for people with visual impairments.
Zaremba et al. Supplemental Table S1. Airway luminal area measured at midpoints of the airways of patients with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), patients with COVID-19, and healthy controls.
Creators: name: Zaremba, Solomiia
name: Miller, Alex
name: Ovrom, Erik A.
name: Senefeld, Jonathon W.
name: Wiggins, Chad C.
name: Dominelli, Paolo B.
name: Ganesh, Ravindra
name: Hurt, Ryan T.
name: J. Bartholmai, Brian
name: Welch, Brian T
name: Ripoll, Juan G.
name: Joyner, Michael
name: H. Ramsook, Andrew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320899
subject: Medical physiology not elsewhere classified

description: Airway luminal cross-sectional areas of the seven main conducting airways in control, COVID-19 and PASC groups. Data are analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni correction and reported as median (IQR, interquartile range) of airway luminal areas measured at midpoints of each airway. p-values are reported for pairwise group comparisons in the following order: controls vs. COVID-19; controls vs. PASC; COVID-19 vs. PASC. p-values: ns, p>0.05; *, p<0.05: **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001. PASC, post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.
A Tale of Four Kernels: Replication Package
Creators: name: Spinellis, Diomidis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Replication package
Software evolution
Unix

description: How does the software development process affect quality attributes of the source code? This replication package contains supporting material relevant to a conference paper that examines this question.

Diomidis Spinellis. A tale of four kernels. In Wilhem Schäfer, Matthew B. Dwyer, and Volker Gruhn, editors, ICSE '08: Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Software Engineering, pages 381–390, New York, May 2008. Association for Computing Machinery. DOI: 10.1145/1368088.1368140

In this paper the source code of four systems operating system kernels, FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, and Windows, is analyzed by collecting metrics in the areas of file organization, code structure, code style, the use of the C preprocessor, and data organization. This replication package contains the corresponding data sets and source code.
Shear Dynamics in Higher Dimensional FLRW Cosmology
Creators: name: Pahwa, Isha
name: Nandan, Hemwati
name: Goswami, Umananda Dev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the shear dynamics of higher dimensional Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmology by considering a non-perfect fluid which exerts different pressure in the normal and extra dimensions. We generalise the definition of shear tensor for higher dimensional space-time and prove it to be consistent with the evolution equation for shear tensor obtained from the Ricci identities. The evolution of shear tensor is investigated numerically. The role of extra dimensions and other parameters involved in shear dynamics is discussed in detail. We find that with increase in anisotropy parameter, time of decay of shear increases while with increase in number of extra dimensions, shear tends to decay early.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, comments welcome
title: D" Reflection Polarities Inform Lowermost Mantle Mineralogy
Creators: name: Thomas, Christine
name: Cobden, Laura J.
name: Jonkers, Art R. T.
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 530 Physics

description: Polarities of seismic reflections at the discontinuity atop the D" region (PdP and SdS) indicate the sign of the velocity contrast across the D" reflector. Recent studies found PdP polarities matching and opposite those of 'P' and PcP. While anisotropy could explain this behavior, we find that the ratio of the change in 'S' wave velocity over change in 'P' wave velocity (R-value) can influence polarity behavior of D" reflected 'P' waves. For 'R-values' exceeding 3, the 'P' wave reverses polarity in the absence of anisotropy while 'S' wave polarity is not influenced by the 'R-value'. Using sets of one million models for normal mantle and MORB with varying minerals and processes across the boundary, we carry out a statistical analysis (Linear Discriminant Analysis) finding that there is a marked difference in mantle mineralogy to explain R-values larger and smaller than 3, respectively. Based on our results we can attribute different mineralogy to a number of cases. In particular, we find that when velocities increase across D" and polarities of PdP and SdS are opposite the post-perovskite phase transition is still the best explanation whereas MORB is the best explanation when PdP and SdS are the same. When the velocities are decreasing, the post-perovskite phase transition within MORB is the best explanation if PdP and SdS polarities are the same but if PdP and SdS are opposite, our results indicate that primordial material or mantle enriched in bridgmanite can explain the polarity behavior, further constraining mineralogy within the large low seismic velocity provinces.
description: Finanziert über die DEAL-Vereinbarung mit Wiley 2019-2022.
Sketchbook 01
Creators: name: Ceska, Oldriska
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mushrooms--Research
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1030247
subject: Botanical illustration
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/836840
subject: Mushrooms
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1030235
subject: Fungi
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/936289
subject: Mushrooms--Identification
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1030238
subject: Botany
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/836869
subject: Art
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/815177
subject: Plants
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1065823
subject: Biology
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/832383

description: Field journal of mycofloristic (mushroom) surveys with detailed illustrations by Oluna Ceska. Each specimen has been labelled by name, as well as by the location, date, and substrate where it was found. Additional observations include physical characteristics, smell, size, and spore size. The research focuses primarily on the southern Vancouver island region. Many of the studied specimens are from Observatory Hill, Victoria. Additional research locations include the Gulf Islands, Haida Gwaii, the BC mainland, the Yukon, Washington, and Oregon. Locations visited in the journal include: Long Beach; Puget Sound; Mayne Island; Craigflower Creek; Metchosin Farm; Paradise Valley; Mushroom Show; Glintz Lake; Rocky Point; Koksilah Ridge; Durrance Lake; Partridge Hills; Thetis Lake; Rainforest Trail; Comber’s Beach; Radar Hill; Ghormley Meadow; Port Renfrew; Thetis Island; Burns Bog; Delta Nature Trail; Mesachie Lake; Elphinstone Forest; Dunes Trail; Schooner Trail; Pacific Rim National Park; Devonian Park; Mt. Maxwell; Freeman King Park; Horticulture Centre of the Pacific; Tod Inlet Park; Francis King Park; Cumberland; Salt Spring Island; Lone Tree Hill; McCurdy Point; Galloping Goose Trail; Wickaninnish boardwalk; Stubbs Island; John Dean Park; Cobble Hill; Trail to Pachena Lighthouse; Paradise Meadows; Mount Brenton; Jordan River; Meares Island.
Magnetic Fields in Stars: Origin and Impact
Creators: name: Langer, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Various types of magnetic fields occur in stars: small scale fields, large scale fields, and internal toroidal fields. While the latter may be ubiquitous in stars due to differential rotation, small scale fields (spots) may be associated with envelop convection in all low and high mass stars. The stable large scale fields found in only about 10 per cent of intermediate mass and massive stars may be understood as a consequence of dynamical binary interaction, e.g., the merging of two stars in a binary. We relate these ideas to magnetic fields in white dwarfs and neutron stars, and to their role in core-collapse and thermonuclear supernova explosions.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures; to be published in the Proceedings of IAU-Symposium 302: Magnetic fields throughout stellar evolution
Computationally proving triangulated 4-manifolds to be diffeomorphic
Creators: name: Burton, Benjamin A.
name: Spreer, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57Q25, 57Q15, 14J28, 68T20

description: We present new computational methods for proving diffeomorphy of triangulated 4-manifolds, including algorithms and topological software that can for the first time effectively handle the complexities that arise in dimension four and be used for large scale experiments.
description: 4 pages, presented at the Young Researchers Forum at SCG 2013
Decoding of Quasi-Cyclic Codes up to A New Lower Bound on the Minimum Distance
Creators: name: Zeh, Alexander
name: Ling, San
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A new lower bound on the minimum Hamming distance of linear quasi-cyclic codes over finite fields is proposed. It is based on spectral analysis and generalizes the Semenov- Trifonov bound in a similar way as the Hartmann-Tzeng bound extends the BCH approach for cyclic codes. Furthermore, a syndrome-based algebraic decoding algorithm is given.
MBRA-2: a Modified Chemostat System to Culture Biofilms
Creators: name: Jens, Justin N.
name: Breiner, Daniel J.
name: Neve, Rachel L.
name: Fiebig, Matilda M.
name: Phelan, Vanessa V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: MBRA-2
Microbiome
Bioreactor

description: CAD (Computer-Aided Design) .stl files for stereolithography production of minibioreactor array 2 (MBRA-2) reactor strip and lid. CAD (Computer-Aided Design) .stl files for stereolithography production of media rails. CAD (Computer-Aided Design) .stp files for injection mold production of minibioreactor array 2 (MBRA-2) reactor strip and lid (not validated). .jpg for custom die cut MBRA-2 gasket Supplemental Material describing assembly of the MBRA-2 with media rails Video of MBRA-2 Assembly List of .stl files: MBRA_redesign_190417.stl = MBRA-2 reactor strips MBRA_top_redesign_190417.stl = MBRA-2 lid Reactor-Holder-b_2018_TanI_Chih.stl = MBRA holders single media rail_6 hole = 6 outlets/1 inlet media rail 1-port_new = 24 outlets/1 inlet media rail 1x15 v3_200529 = 15 outlets/1 inlet media rail 4-port_new = 24 outlets/4 inlets (6 outlets/inlet) media rail 8-port_new = 24 outlets/8 inlets (3 outlets/inlet) media rail-2 port v2 = 24 outlets/2 inlets (12 outlets/inlet)
The development of a delivery method for a non-traditional antibiotic: Electrospun polymer nanofibers
Creators: name: Ahad, Jasmine
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: Through electrospinning, a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) non-woven nanofibrous patch was formed. The effects of propylene glycol (PG) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were investigated to determine the impact co-solvents would have in terms of rheological characterisation and properties; as well as the electrospinnability when incorporated into 5%, 7.5% and 10% (w/w) HPMC. The HPMC solutions were rheologically characterised to observe the rheological properties and it was found that the incorporation of the co-solvents overall increased the polymer’s elasticity.After electrospinning, nanofibres were visualised through SEM to measure bead diameters. The addition of both co-solvents reduced bead diameter, the most prominent decrease was from 0.73 µm (10% HPMC %w/w) to 0.36 µm (10% HPMC with 2% PG and 7.5% DMSO %w/w). The increase in elasticity allowed for the solution to be more stable without reaching gel point; as well as increasing hydrodynamic volume to reduce polymer-polymer interactions when electrospinning. Further work needs to be done to decrease and/or remove bead formation through altering more electrospinning parameters such as the electrospinning solution and environmental factors. The production of bacteriocins was attempted through cloning cloacins in the hopes of incorporating them into the nanofibrous patch and to act as a novel antimicrobial. The aim of this was to provide an alternative to traditional antibiotics with a reduced risk of developing resistance. However, due to time restrictions, the synthesis of these bacteriocins did not progress past the restriction enzyme digestion phase.
Quantum correlated heat engine with nonlinear spin-spin interactions
Creators: name: Altintas, Ferdi
name: Hardal, Ali Ü. C.
name: Müstecaplıoğlu, Özgür E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a four level quantum heat engine in Otto cycle with a working substance of two spins subject to an external magnetic field and coupled to each other by a one-axis twisting spin squeezing nonlinear interaction. We calculate the positive work and the efficiency of the engine for different parameter regimes. In particular, we investigate the effects of quantum correlations at the end of the two isochoric processes of the Otto cycle, as measured by the entanglement of formation and quantum discord, on the work extraction and efficiency. The regimes where the quantum correlations could enhance the efficiency and work extraction are characterized.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Novel text categorization by amalgamation of augmented k-nearest neighborhood classification and k-medoids clustering
Creators: name: Kurada, RamachandraRao
name: Pavan, Dr. K Karteeka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning for text classification is the underpinning of document cataloging, news filtering, document steering and exemplification. In text mining realm, effective feature selection is significant to make the learning task more accurate and competent. One of the traditional lazy text classifier k-Nearest Neighborhood (kNN) has a major pitfall in calculating the similarity between all the objects in training and testing sets, there by leads to exaggeration of both computational complexity of the algorithm and massive consumption of main memory. To diminish these shortcomings in viewpoint of a data-mining practitioner an amalgamative technique is proposed in this paper using a novel restructured version of kNN called AugmentedkNN(AkNN) and k-Medoids(kMdd) clustering.The proposed work comprises preprocesses on the initial training set by imposing attribute feature selection for reduction of high dimensionality, also it detects and excludes the high-fliers samples in the initial training set and restructures a constrictedtraining set. The kMdd clustering algorithm generates the cluster centers (as interior objects) for each category and restructures the constricted training set with centroids. This technique is amalgamated with AkNNclassifier that was prearranged with text mining similarity measures. Eventually, significantweights and ranks were assigned to each object in the new training set based upon their accessory towards the object in testing set. Experiments conducted on Reuters-21578 a UCI benchmark text mining data set, and comparisons with traditional kNNclassifier designates the referredmethod yieldspreeminentrecitalin both clustering and classification.
description: 13 Pages
First detection of rotational CO line emission in an RGB star
Creators: name: Groenewegen, M. A. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: For stars with initial masses below about 1 solar mass, the mass loss during the first red giant branch (RGB) phase dominates mass loss in the later asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase. Nevertheless, mass loss on the RGB is still often parameterised by a simple Reimers law in stellar evolution models. Aims: To try to detect CO thermal emission in a small sample of nearby RGB stars with reliable Hipparcos parallaxes that were shown to have infrared excess in an earlier paper. Methods: A sample of five stars was observed in the CO J=2-1 and J=3-2 lines with the IRAM and APEX telescopes. Results: One star, the one with the largest mass-loss rate based on the previous analysis of the spectral energy distribution, was detected. The expansion velocity is unexpectedly large at 12 km/s. The line profile and intensity are compared to the predictions from a molecular line emission code. The standard model predicts a double-peaked profile, while the observations indicate a flatter profile. A model that does fit the data has a much smaller CO envelope (by a factor of 3), and a CO abundance that is two times larger and/or a larger mass-loss rate than the standard model. This could indicate that the phase of large mass loss has only recently started. Conclusions: The detection of CO in an RGB star with a luminosity of only about 1300 solar luminosities and a mass-loss rate as low as a few 10(-9) solarmasses/yr is important and the results also raise new questions. However, ALMA observations are required in order to study the mass-loss process of RGB stars in more detail, both for reasons of sensitivity (6 hours of integration in superior weather at IRAM were needed to get a 4sigma detection in the object with the largest detection probability), and spatial resolution (to determine the size of the CO envelope).
description: A&A accepted
Toxic Behaviour in Multiplayer Competitive Video Games
Creators: name: Farndale, Sam
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: Toxic behaviours in online competitive video games are often discussed but very nebulously defined. This is despite toxic behaviours being rampant in competitive online video games with most matches seemingly containing some unacceptable behaviours. A focus is given to understanding feelings towards toxic behaviours from the perspective of gaming community members. Seeing these behaviours from a community perspective is vital to ensure that games create and enforce rules with their communities best intentions at heart. These may or may not align with video game rule sets provided by developers and publishers. A study was conducted first to inform on community experiences with toxic behaviours to increase understanding. This increased understanding and examples were used to create a further study to directly assess community members feelings on the behaviours given as examples. An attempt to categorise these behaviours was made using game rule sets and the accuracy of this assessed by community response. From these studies, conclusions can be drawn relating to real world experiences with toxic behaviour. It is found that toxic behaviours are heavily linked to the type of game being played with competition playing a key role. Several different categories of toxic behaviour are defined and assessed for community understanding and expectations. Suggestions are made to improve understanding of toxic behaviours in future studies and possible other avenues for future research.
Lorentz-Force Hydrophone Characterization
Creators: name: Grasland-Mongrain, Pol
name: Mari, Jean-Martial
name: Gilles, Bruno
name: Poizat, Adrien
name: Chapelon, Jean-Yves
name: Lafon, Cyril
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Lorentz-force hydrophone consists of a thin wire placed inside a magnetic field. When under the influence of an ultrasound pulse, the wire vibrates and an electrical signal is induced by the Lorentz force that is proportional to the pulse amplitude. In this study a compact prototype of such a hydrophone is introduced and characterized, and the hydrodynamic model previously developed is refined. It is shown that the wire tension has a negligible effect on the measurement of pressure. The frequency response of the hydrophone reaches 1 MHz for wires with a diameter ranging between 70 and 400 \micro m. The hydrophone exhibits a directional response such that the signal amplitude differs by less than 3dB as the angle of the incident ultrasound pulse varies from -20$^o$ and +20$^o$. The linearity of the measured signal is confirmed across the 50 kPa to 10 MPa pressure range, and an excellent resistance to cavitation is observed. This hydrophone is of interest for high pressure ultrasound measurements including High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) and ultrasonic measurements in difficult environments.
Results on neutrinoless double beta decay from GERDA Phase I
Creators: name: Macolino, Carla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The GERmanium Detector Array, GERDA, is designed to search for neutrinoless double beta (0$νββ$) decay of $^{76}$Ge and it is installed in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) of INFN, Italy. In this review, the detection principle and detector setup of GERDA are described. Also, the main physics results by GERDA Phase I, are discussed. They include the measurement of the half-life of 2$νββ$ decay, the background decomposition of the energy spectrum and the techniques for the discrimination of the background, based on the pulse shape of the signal. In the last part of this paper, the estimation of a limit on the half-life of 0$νββ$ ($T^{0ν}_{1/2} >2.1\cdot 10^{25}$ yr at 90% C.L.) and the comparison with previous results are discussed. GERDA data from Phase I strongly disfavour the recent claim of 0$νββ$ discovery, based on data from the Heidelberg-Moscow experiment.
description: 20 pages, 16 figures
The ASTROID Simulator Software Package: Realistic Modelling of High-Precision High-Cadence Space-Based Imaging
Creators: name: Marcos-Arenal, P.
name: Zima, W.
name: De Ridder, J.
name: Huygen, R.
name: Aerts, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The preparation of a space-mission that carries out any kind of imaging to detect high-precision low-amplitude variability of its targets requires a robust model for the expected performance of its instruments. This model cannot be derived from simple addition of noise properties due to the complex interaction between the various noise sources. While it is not feasible to build and test a prototype of the imaging device on-ground, realistic numerical simulations in the form of an end-to-end simulator can be used to model the noise propagation in the observations. These simulations not only allow studying the performance of the instrument, its noise source response and its data quality, but also the instrument design verification for different types of configurations, the observing strategy and the scientific feasibility of an observing proposal. In this way, a complete description and assessment of the objectives to expect from the mission can be derived. We present a high-precision simulation software package, designed to simulate photometric time-series of CCD images by including realistic models of the CCD and its electronics, the telescope optics, the stellar field, the jitter movements of the spacecraft, and all important natural noise sources. This formalism has been implemented in a software tool, dubbed ASTROID Simulator.
Individual variation in onset of behavioural traits in the domestic cat (Felis catus) as assessed by owner/carer survey
Creators: name: Author, Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: he prenatal maternal environment is known to play a role in lifetime development of a large number of species but has received relatively little attention in the domestic cat (Felis catus). We surveyed anatomical and behavioural onsets in 251 home reared kittens from 66 litters from pedigree (n=28) and non-pedigree queens (n=38) during the first 8 weeks of life using owner/carer records. Multifactorial analysis was used to assess associations between a range of factors including: breed, age and temperament of the queen (Queen’s Friendliness Rating or QFR); size and sex ratio of litters; and individual birth weight on a number of developmental milestones including: onset of eye opening; tooth eruption; movement from nest; play; solid feeding; and use of litter tray.Pedigree Asian breeds produced larger litters with lower average birth weight than pedigree Western breeds or non-pedigree queens. Kittens from larger litters (5 or more kittens) opened their eyes earlier than smaller litters, however, they had a generally delayed onset of subsequent developmental milestones with the exception of use of the litter tray. Kittens from older queens (over 2 years of age) showed earlier onsets of eye opening, but later tooth eruption, play and movement from nest than kittens derived from younger queens.Queens rated as being unfriendly to humans produced litters with a female bias. Litters from friendly queens showed earlier tooth eruption, solid feeding and litter tray use but delayed object play compared to litters from less friendly queens. These results support previous work on the influence of breed and litter size on kitten development, but also indicate age and temperament of the queen may influence developmental milestones. The picture is however complex, with advanced early milestones (such as eye opening) often associated with delayed later milestones such as locomotion and play.
Observation of Kondo Effect in a Quadruple Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Shang, Runan
name: Li, Hai-Ou
name: Cao, Gang
name: Yu, Guodong
name: Xiao, Ming
name: Tu, Tao
name: Guo, Guang-Can
name: Jiang, Hongwen
name: Chang, A. M.
name: Guo, Guo-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Kondo effect in a quadruple quantum dot device of coupled-double quantum dots (DQDs), which simultaneously contains intra-DQDs and inter-DQDs coupling. A variety of novel behaviors are observed. The differential conductance dI/dV is measured in the upper DQDs as a function of source drain bias. It is found to exhibit multiple peaks, including a zero-bias peak, where the number of peaks exceeds five. Alternatively, tuning the lower DQDs yielded regions of four peaks. In addition, a Kondo-effect switcher is demonstrated, using the lower DQDs as the controller.
description: 14 pages including 5 figures
Next-to-next-to-leading order QCD corrections to light Higgs pair production via vector boson fusion in type-II two-Higgs-doublet model
Creators: name: Wei-Hua, Li
name: Ren-You, Zhang
name: Wen-Gan, Ma
name: Lei, Guo
name: Liu-Sheng, Ling
name: Xiao-Zhou, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the precision predictions on the pair production of light, $CP$-even Higgs in weak vector boson fusion (VBF) up to the QCD next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) at hadron colliders within the $CP$-conserving type-II two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM(II)) by adopting the structure function approach. We investigate the model parameter dependence, residual uncertainties from the factorization/renormalization scale, PDFs and $α_s$ on the integrated cross section at the QCD NNLO, and find that the NNLO QCD corrections can reduce the scale uncertainty significantly. By analyzing the kinematic distributions of final Higgs bosons, we can extract the $CP$-even Higgs resonance via $H^0 \to h^0 h^0$ channel as a means of probing the extension of the Standard Model (SM) Higgs sector.
description: 24 pages, 8 figures
Investigation of the strongly correlated one-dimensional magnetic behavior of NiTa2O6
Creators: name: Law, J. M.
name: Koo, H. -J.
name: Whangbo, M. -H.
name: Bruecher, E.
name: Pomjakushin, V.
name: Kremer, R. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic properties of NiTa$_2$O$_6$ were investigated by magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, electron paramagnetic resonance, neutron powder diffraction and pulse field magnetization measurements. Accompanying \textit{ab initio} DFT calculations of the spin-exchange constants complemented and supported our experimental findings that NiTa$_2$O$_6$ must be described as a quasi-1D Heisenberg $S$ = 1 spin chain system with a nearest-neighbor only anti-ferromagnetic spin-exchange interaction of 18.92(2) K. Inter-chain coupling is by about two orders of magnitude smaller. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements on Mg$_{1-x}$Ni$_x$Ta$_2$O$_6$ ($x \approx$ $1\%$) polycrystalline samples enabled us to estimate the single-ion zero-field splitting of the $S$ = 1 states which amounts to less than $4\%$ of the nearest-neighbor spin-exchange interaction. At 0 T NiTa$_2$O$_6$ undergoes long-range anti-ferromagnetic ordering at 10.3(1) K evidenced by a $λ$-type anomaly in the specific heat capacity. On application of a magnetic field the specific heat anomaly is smeared out. We confirmed the magnetic structure by neutron powder diffraction measurements and at 2.00(1) K refined a magnetic moment of 1.93(5) $μ_{\rm{B}}$ per Ni$^{2+}$ ion. Additionally, we followed the magnetic order parameter as a function of temperature. Lastly we found saturation of the magnetic moment at 55.5(5) T with a $g$-factor of 2.14(1), with an additional high field phase above 12.8(1) T. The onset of the new high field phase is not greatly effected by temperature, but rather smears out as one approaches the long-range ordering temperature.
description: Accepted by Phys. Rev. B
Relativistic stellar jets: dynamics and non-thermal radiation
Creators: name: Bosch-Ramon, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relativistic stellar jets, produced in binary systems called microquasars, propagate through media with different spatial scales releasing their energy in the form of work and radiation from radio to gamma rays. There are several medium-interaction scenarios that these jets can face. In particular, in relativistic stellar jets the presence of a star is an unavoidable element whose importance deserves to be studied. In the case of high-mass stars, their powerful winds are likely to interact dynamically with the jet, but also low-mass stars in the post-main sequence phase can present dense winds that will act as an obstacle for the jet propagation. In this work, we present a semi-qualitative discussion on the importance of the star for the evolution of relativistic stellar jets.
description: 4 pages, proceedings of the conference "The Innermost Regions of Relativistic Jets and Their Magnetic Fields" (June 10-14th, 2013; Granada, Spain)
Investigating how personality and mood impact perceived pain experience and expression in the Domestic Dog
Creators: name: Author, Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: Across the human literature many successful attempts have been made to research how individual differences, such as; emotional predisposition, mood and personality both mediate and moderate how people express that they are in pain, cope with painful conditions and the impact painful conditions have on an individual’s quality of life. As such, we have an understanding, albeit not full, of the ways in which pain can impact human life on many levels. We also know that individuals higher in positive affect cope better with compromised health. Despite there being pre-existing literature with nonhuman animals looking at both personality and pain independently, little research has attempted to look at the effect of one on the other. As such, it is unclear what impact, if any, emotional predisposition, mood or personality has on pain behaviour and coping in animals.Dogs are one of the most popular animals to be kept as domestic pets worldwide; further to this they play a crucial role in society in many working roles. There are several health conditions that affect dogs across their lifetime which are thought to cause pain, making them an ideal species to look at the impact of personality and mood on pain behaviour. Pain is exceptionally difficult to assess and monitor in animals, and as such further work in this area is needed.This PhD used a mixture of a systematic review, questionnaire data and biomechanical assessments of gait and pain to start to examine whether pain expression is associated with disease severity, or where other factors such as a dog’s personality and mood moderates the relationship between disease severity and pain behaviour. In addition, accelerometers were piloted as an alternative to force plate assessment, to provide accurate, objective pain assessment in clinical settings. The findings suggest that as we see in humans, positive affect is a source of resilience in pain and dogs in pain can be differentiated from their healthy counterparts by lower levels of positive affect. Neuroticism also moderates the effects of severity on pain; higher levels of neuroticism are suggestive of higher levels of pain. Using the method employed in this thesis, accelerometers do not appear to be an alternative tool to assess gait changes related to pain.The implications from these findings are discussed in context with human literature on positive psychology to suggest a reconceptualization of how we view pain and its subsequent treatment in animals.
The Evolution of Galaxy Structure over Cosmic Time
Creators: name: Conselice, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present a comprehensive review of the evolution of galaxy structure in the universe from the first galaxies we can currently observe at z~6 down to galaxies we see in the local universe. I further address how these changes reveal galaxy formation processes that galaxy structural analyses can provide. This review is pedagogical and begins with a detailed discussion of the major methods in which galaxies are studied morphologically and structurally. This includes the well-established visual method; Sersic fitting to measure galaxy sizes and surface brightness profile shapes; non-parametric structural methods including the concentration (C), asymmetry (A), clumpiness (S) (CAS) method, as well as newer structural indices. Included is a discussion of how these structural indices measure fundamental properties of galaxies such as their scale, star formation rate, and ongoing merger activity. Extensive observational results are shown demonstrating how broad galaxy morphologies and structures change with time up to z~3, from small, compact and peculiar systems in the distant universe to the formation of the Hubble sequence we find today. This review further addresses how structural methods measure accurately the merger history out to z~3. The properties and evolution of bulges, disks, bars, and at z>1 large star forming clumps are also described, along with how morphological galaxy quenching occurs. Furthermore, the role of environment in producing structure in galaxies over cosmic time is treated. Alongside the evolution of general structure, I also delineate how galaxy sizes change with time, with measured sizes up to a factor of 2-5 smaller at high redshift at a given stellar mass. This review concludes with a discussion of how galaxy structure reveals the formation mechanisms behind galaxies, providing a new and unique way to test theories of galaxy formation.
description: Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ARAA), vol 52 (2014), in press, 49 pages
Optical and Morphological Properties of Copper Indium Disulphide Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Sharp, Robert
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: Quantum dots have emerged as highly promising candidates as the next generation of photovoltaic material due to their tuneable optical properties, carrier-multiplication effects and long exciton recombination times. Recently, they have also exhibited their commercial viability as they can be fabricated using cheap and non-toxic precursors with facile and scalable production methods. One material that has displayed these features but yet to be fully understood is CuInS2.For QD materials including CuInS2, the surface chemistry plays an integral role in the properties of the quantum dots. Particularly, the presence of surface defects (or trap states) can result in non-radiative emission. Colloidal QDs were synthesised with a surrounding layer of organic molecules, which partially passivate surface defects and solubilise nanocrystals (NCs) in a solvent. A widely used approach for further passivation of the surface states is to surround the NC with an inorganic shell. The material used for passivation could have a wider band gap and comparable lattice constant. The inorganic shell also provides protection from photodegradation. Therefore, this work involves synthesising colloidal CuInS2 QDs using a solvothermal method and investigating the effect of the inorganic shell and organic ligands on their properties.In this work, optical and morphological properties of CuInS2 quantum dots were explored. Measurements of the PL (peak position, intensity and FWHM) and absorption were performed to investigate the effect of QD morphology and compare their properties. Surface passivation with ZnS resulted in a blue-shift of PL emission, possibly indicating the presence of the inorganic shell lead to an increase in the strength of carrier confinement, which is consistent with the alignment of their band structure. Conversely, the ligand replacement with shorter carbon-chain molecules lead to red-shift of the PL emission, indicating weaker confinement. Time-resolved PL measurements were also conducted which indicated the photostability of the quantum dots under ultraviolet light; photodegradation under the solar spectrum would prohibit the use of a material as a photovoltaic. In addition, time-resolved photoluminescence measurements allowed for determination of the lifetime of the exciton, from which the presence of defect states could be inferred; more defect states would provide more recombination pathways and thus a faster recombination rate, which is detrimental to photovoltaic applications. Morphological properties such as the size of the QDs were estimated using dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy probed the surface of the QD. NMR was conducted in order to confirm the success of the ligand exchange.