cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Indirect Warfare: Nazi-Soviet Techniques of Indirect Aggression
Creators: name: Blackstock, Paul W W.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Indirect warfare may be tentatively defined as the extension of political control by one state over another without recourse to general warfare. Such control is extended through the use of essentially psychological and sociological rather than military techniques, although the threat of force, and even its limited or localized use for "revolutionary" or "guerrilla warfare" purposes, may be an integral part of the process. This definition implies a particular approach to the problems of war and revolution, and an interpretation of their interrelationship in such major upheavals as World Wars I and II, as well as the outlines of a fairly discernible body of "doctrine" or principles underlying the various tactics used.
CBS News/New York Times Poll: 2008 Presidential Election/Reverend Jeremiah Wright
Creators: name: CBS News
name: New York Times
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2009

description: George W. Bush job performance (1); economic conditions (1); voter registration (1); 2008 presidential election (1); primary vote (1); Hillary Clinton vs. Barack Obama (2); Democratic nomination (1); Hillary Clinton (7); Barack Obama (7); John McCain (6): Barack Obama vs. John McCain (1); Hillary Clinton vs. John McCain (1); candidate most likely to win (1); media treatment of candidates (3); Barack Obama and Jeremiah Wright (13); gasoline tax (2).
title: Jüdischer Kulturschatz auf der Insel des göttlichen Taus (אי – טל – יה)
Creators: name: Colella, Andrea
Year: 2017

description: In meiner Dissertation befasse ich mich mit den Juden in Süditalien von den Anfängen bis zur Zeit Gregors des Großen. Die Quellen, die ich berücksichtige, sind verschiedener Natur. Es handelt sich hierbei um Rechtscodices, archäologische Funde (Überreste einer Synagoge, Katakombeninschriften, Grabinschriften) sowie Papstbriefe. Anhand dieser Quellen ist es möglich, eine virtuelle Karte der jüdischen Siedlungen zu erstellen. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Grabinschriften, die die facettenreiche Präsenz von Juden in verschiedenen Städten belegen. Neben der geografischen Verteilung untersuche ich die legalen Rahmenbedingungen, unter denen die Juden lebten. Die Untersuchung der kaiserlichen Gesetzgebung zeigt auf der einen Seite, dass die Juden in Süditalien eine nicht unbedeutende Minderheit repräsentierten, wenn man bedenkt, dass sie u. a. auf administrativer Ebene aktiv waren. Auf der anderen Seite aber ist eine kontinuierliche Verschlechterung der jüdischen Lebensbedingungen nicht zu verleugnen, die spätestens ab Beginn des Christianisierungsprozesses festzustellen ist. Doch jene Änderungen, die zu einem hebräisch-rabbinisch geprägten Judentum führten, lassen sich erst ab Ende des VIII. Jahrhunderts feststellen. In der von mir untersuchten Zeitspanne unterschied sich das Judentum nicht von der griechisch-lateinischen Umgebung. Die Analyse der Amtsbezeichnungen, die besonders in Venosa zahlreich aufscheinen, bestätigt diesen Eindruck. Die Briefe von Gelasius I. und vor allem von Gregor I. bieten zusätzliches Material an, das einen Blick auch auf die wirtschaftliche Aktivität der Juden in Süditalien ermöglicht: Wir begegnen u. a. Sklavenhändlern und Landbesitzern.
Algorithmic Primitives for Quantum-Assisted Quantum Control
Creators: name: Policharla, Guru-Vamsi
name: Vinjanampathy, Sai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss two primitive algorithms to evaluate overlaps and transition matrix time series, which are used to construct a variety of quantum-assisted quantum control algorithms implementable on NISQ devices. Unlike previous approaches, our method bypasses tomographically complete measurements and instead relies solely on single qubit measurements. We analyse circuit complexity of composed algorithms and sources of noise arising from Trotterization and measurement errors.
description: 9 pages, comments welcome
Madhyamaka and Ontic Structural Realism
Creators: name: Friend, Toby
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Ontic Structural Realism
subject: Causation
subject: Metaphysics
subject: Mūlamadhyamakakārikā
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::100 Philosophie::102 Verschiedenes

description: I’ll argue that one particular argument of Nāgārjuna’s against causation in the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā deserves careful consideration from the perspective of contemporary western metaphysics. To show why this is the case, I’ll offer an interpretation of the key passages which differs from at least one popular reading. I’ll then aim to show that a whole swathe of metaphysical views about causation are problematic in light of Nāgārjuna’s argument, so interpreted. I’ll conclude, however, that one contemporary view in metaphysics has the means to respond to this argument: Ontic Structural Realism.
Afghanistan/Mideast/Office of Homeland Security/Religion
Creators: name: CNN
name: Time
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2002

description: Direction of country (1); Congressional election (3); Bush job performance (1); War on Terrorism (4); Department of Homeland Security (4); Middle East (8); Terrorist Attack on September 11th (1); Religious issues (9); World Cup Soccer (2); Own or rent house (1); Terrorist Attack on July 4th (1).
Public Agenda Foundation Poll: Stand By Me--What Teachers Think About Unions, Merit Pay, and Other Professional Matters
Creators: name: Public Agenda Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2013

description: Teaching as a career choice (2); view about teachers today (1); most difficult thing about being a teacher (1); confidence in teaching students (2); working conditions at respondents school (2); improving the quality of teaching (1); good teachers (3); effort made by students (1); new teachers (5); professional development (4); tenure (6); number of teachers in respondent's building who fail to do a good job and are simply going through the motions (1); removing bad teachers (1); teachers with seniority (1); teachers' unions (21); certification (8); mark of success when it comes to students (1); academic standards (2); standardized tests (4); decisions about curriculum and instruction (1); competition faced when first applied for teaching position in current district (1); measuring teacher effectiveness (1); determining teacher salaries (1); criteria to increase teacher pay (1); capacity to reward outstanding teachers (1); favor/oppose giving financial incentives to certain kinds of teachers (9); new system for evaluating teachers (1); merit pay (3); charter schools (1); teaching force in the nation's large urban public school districts (1); number of years been teacher in public schools (1); teach at elementary/middle/high/other school (1); number of students attend respondent's school (1); location of school (2); percent of students at respondent's school eligible for free or reduced lunch program (1).
Pew Research Center Poll: May News Interest Index--Politics/News Stories/Economy/Personal Finances
Creators: name: Pew Research Center
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2006

description: George W. Bush job performance (8); most important problem facing country today (3); biggest problem facing respondent and family these days (2); Congress job performance (3); how closely followed certain news stories this past month (5); Republicans and Democrats in Washington this year have been working together more/bickering and opposing one another more (2); problems affecting this country today (11); filibusters (5); federal court appointments (2); House majority leader Tom DeLay (2); Social Security (5); economy (8); personal finances (16); stock market (1); job opportunities (1); real estate market (1); employment situation (6); would/would not prefer to work full time (1); earning enough money to lead kind of life respondent wants (2); 2004 presidential election (2); health insurance (1); ever had to declare bankruptcy (1).
Pew Research Center Poll: July 2010, Omnibus Week 2--Congress/Believability
Creators: name: Pew Research Center
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2010

description: Following certain news stories (6); story most closely followed (1); hearing about certain events (4); amount of coverage for certain events (6); main news source (1); main televisions news source (1); congressing acting on certain issues (5); health care legislation (1); congress handling health care (1); Justice department filing challenge against Arizona immigration law (1); military effort in Afghanistan (1); troops in Afghanistan (1); rating certain organizations (15).
Indirect Warfare: Nazi-Soviet Techniques of Indirect Aggression
Creators: name: Blackstock, Paul W W.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4303
subject: Historical studies
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Indirect warfare may be tentatively defined as the extension of political control by one state over another without recourse to general warfare. Such control is extended through the use of essentially psychological and sociological rather than military techniques, although the threat of force, and even its limited or localized use for "revolutionary" or "guerrilla warfare" purposes, may be an integral part of the process. This definition implies a particular approach to the problems of war and revolution, and an interpretation of their interrelationship in such major upheavals as World Wars I and II, as well as the outlines of a fairly discernible body of "doctrine" or principles underlying the various tactics used.
Polarised light pollution on river water surfaces caused by artificial light at night from illuminated bridges and surroundings
Creators: name: Pérez Vega, Catherine
name: Hölker, Franz
name: Zielinska-Dabkowska, Karolina M.
name: Jechow, Andreas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: light pollution
subject: ecological light pollution
subject: artificial light at night (ALAN)
subject: bridge illumination
subject: polarised light pollution
subject: sustainable lighting
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Bridge illumination gave rise to night-time illuminated paths across aquatic systems. However, if bridge artificial light at night (ALAN) reach waterbodies, it can result in polarised light pollution (PLP), which might alter the optical conditions of a river by night and potentially interfere with moonlight polarisation signals reflected off the water’s surface. It is a night-time phenomenon that can detrimentally change the behaviour of organisms sensitive to horizontally reflected polarised moonlight, a navigational cue and signal known to be used by flying water-seeking insects to detect suitable aquatic habitats to reproduce and lay eggs. In this study, we quantify the reflection of ALAN-induced polarisation patterns at the water’s surface near seven illuminated bridges crossing the river Spree in Berlin. The photometric data shows that bridge illumination induces PLP, which reflects from the water’s surface when measured at specific locations in space considered as potential flying paths for polarotactic aquatic insects. ALAN-induced polarisation findings at illuminated bridges suggest that PLP is a pollutant that illuminates aquatic areas. It requires better research as it can potentially affect polarimetric navigation in flying aquatic insects. As the extent of light pollution reaches riverine systems and aquatic habitats, the potential effects of PLP on freshwaters need the proper development of sustainable lighting solutions that can aid in preserving riverine nightscapes.
Driver Behavior Extraction from Videos in Naturalistic Driving Datasets with 3D ConvNets
Creators: name: Miao, Hanwen
name: Zhang, Shengan
name: Flannagan, Carol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Naturalistic driving data (NDD) is an important source of information to understand crash causation and human factors and to further develop crash avoidance countermeasures. Videos recorded while driving are often included in such datasets. While there is often a large amount of video data in NDD, only a small portion of them can be annotated by human coders and used for research, which underuses all video data. In this paper, we explored a computer vision method to automatically extract the information we need from videos. More specifically, we developed a 3D ConvNet algorithm to automatically extract cell-phone-related behaviors from videos. The experiments show that our method can extract chunks from videos, most of which (~79%) contain the automatically labeled cell phone behaviors. In conjunction with human review of the extracted chunks, this approach can find cell-phone-related driver behaviors much more efficiently than simply viewing video.
The promoting effects of soil microplastics on alien plant invasion depend on microplastic shape and concentration
Creators: name: Li, Guanlin
name: Tang, Yi
name: Lou, Jiabao
name: Wang, Yanjiao
name: Yin, Shiyu
name: Li, Lianghui
name: Iqbal, Babar
name: Lozano, Yudi M.
name: Zhao, Tingting
name: Du, Daolin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Emerging contaminants
subject: Invasive alien plant
subject: Soil microplastic pollution
subject: Solidago canadensis
subject: Plant growth
subject: Plant antioxidant enzymes
subject: Successful invasion
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Both alien plant invasions and soil microplastic pollution have become a concerning threat for terrestrial ecosystems, with consequences on the human well-being. However, our current knowledge of microplastic effects on the successful invasion of plants remains limited, despite numerous studies demonstrating the direct and indirect impacts of microplastics on plant performance. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a greenhouse experiment involving the mixtures of soil and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) microplastic pellets and fragments at the concentrations of 0, 0.5 % and 2.0 %. Additionally, we included Solidago decurrens (native plant) and S. canadensis (alien invasive plant) as the target plants. Each pot contained an individual of either species, after six-month cultivation, plant biomass and antioxidant enzymes, as well as soil properties including soil moisture, pH, available nutrient, and microbial biomass were measured. Our results indicated that microplastic effects on soil properties and plant growth indices depended on the Solidago species, microplastic shapes and concentrations. For example, microplastics exerted positive effects on soil moisture of the soil with native species but negative effects with invasive species, which were impacted by microplastic shapes and concentrations, respectively. Microplastics significantly impacted catalase (P < 0.05) and superoxide dismutase (P < 0.01), aboveground biomass (P < 0.01), and belowground/aboveground biomass (P < 0.01) of the native species depending on microplastic shapes, but no significant effects on those of the invasive species. Furthermore, microplastics effects on soil properties, nutrient, nutrient ratio, and plant antioxidant enzyme activities contributed to plant biomass differently among these two species. These results suggested that the microplastics exerted a more pronounced impact on native Solidago plants than the invasive ones. This implies that the alien invasive species displays greater resistance to microplastic pollution, potentially promoting their invasion. Overall, our study contributes to a better understanding of the promoting effects of microplastic pollution on plant invasion.
Pew Research Center: March 2016 Political Survey
Creators: name: Pew Research Center
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2017

description: President Barack Obama (2); life satisfaction (4); 2016 presidential election and candidates (6); government and public affairs (2); the economy (4); free trade agreements (2); feelings about federal government and politics (3); Supreme Court justice (3); political parties (2); political opponents (1); terrorism (1); abortion (1); health care coverage (1); future of Social Security (1); undocumented immigrants (2); job opportunities (2).
Children's Defense Fund/Newsweek National Poll of Children and Parents
Creators: name: Children's Defense Fund
name: Newsweek
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 1994

description: Adults: Major family concerns(1); persons of influence(1); parenthood (1); children's education(4); violence(4); Children: Major family concerns(1); persons of influence(1); parenthood (1); education(3); violence(6).
Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: March Kaiser Health Tracking Poll--Health Care Reform Law
Creators: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2013

description: Health reform law favorability (1); reason for health reform opinion (2); family affected by health reform law (1); various effects of health reform law (7); information about health reform impact (1); amount of provisions put into place (1); benefits from health reform law (4); drawbacks from health reform law (4); knowledge about elements of health reform law (15); mandatory health insurance law (5); favorability of health reform law elements (11); state run insurance marketplace (1); Medicaid expansion (2); cost of health care (3).
Single pair of Weyl nodes in the spin-canted structure of EuCd$_2$As$_2$
Creators: name: Taddei, K. M.
name: Yin, L.
name: Sanjeewa, L. D.
name: Li, Y.
name: Xing, J.
name: Cruz, C. dela
name: Phelan, D.
name: Sefat, A. S.
name: Parker, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time reversal symmetry breaking Weyl semimetals are unique among Weyl materials in allowing the minimal number of Weyl points thus offering the clearest signatures of the associated physics. Here we present neutron diffraction, density functional theory and transport measurement results which indicate that EuCd$_2$As$_2$ , under ambient field, strain and pressure, is such a material with a single pair of Weyl points. Our work reveals a magnetic structure (magnetic space group $C2'/m'$) with Eu moments pointing along the [210] direction in-plane and canted $\sim$ 30$^{\circ}$ out-of-plane. Density functional theory calculations using this structure show that the observed canting drastically alters the relevant electronic bands, relative to the in-plane order, leading to a single set of well defined Weyl points. Furthermore, we find the canting angle can tune the distance of the Weyl points above the Fermi level, with the smallest distance at low canting angles. Finally, transport measurements of the anomalous Hall Effect and longitudinal magnetoresistance exhibit properties indicative of a chiral anomaly, thus supporting the neutron scattering and DFT results suggesting EuCd$_2$As$_2$ is close to the ideal situation of the Weyl "Hydrogen atom".
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Panicum manongarivense A. Camus
Creators: name: Vorontsova, Maria S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Poaceae
Panicum
Panicum manongarivense

description: 18. Panicum manongarivense A. Camus in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 72: 707. 1925 (Fig. 11).
Lectotypus (designated here): MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: massif de Manongarivo, IV.1909, Perrier de la Bâthie 11091 (P [P00450232]!; isolectotype: K [K000244705]!, P [P00450233]!, TAN [TAN000390]!).
Delicate prostrate or ascending annual to 50 cm long, the culms glabrous. Ligule a lacerate ciliolate membrane, c. 0.7 mm long, with brown membranous auricles 1– 1.5 mm long on mature leaves. Leaf blades ovate to lanceolate, membranous, 0.5–4.5 × 0.2–0.8 cm, drying glaucous, glabrous to sparsely hirsute on both sides. Panicles terminal and axillary, pendent, partly exserted with no clear peduncle, 0.5–7 cm long, diffuse, the branching distichous or in threes, the branches filiform, partly divergent at maturity, glabrous or with numerous white cilia exceeding the spikelet, the pedicels 1–6 mm long. Spikelets ovate to oblong, apically rounded, 0.9–1.1 mm long, almost white, never gaping open. Lower glume a nerveless vestige of variable shape. Upper glume ½ to as long as the spikelet, translucent, 3-veined, with small trichomes between the veins or towards the apex. Lower floret barren, without significant palea. Lower lemma translucent, 3–5-veined, with minute trichomes between the veins or towards the apex. Upper lemma smooth, shiny, pale.
Distribution and ecology. – Endemic to Manongarivo and nearby; humid mid-elevation habitats, 500–1500 m (Fig. 10A).
Notes. – Close to P. mitopus but spikelets smaller and white.
The lectotype has been chosen from two sheets of original material examined by Camus at P and constitutes the higher quality reproductive material.
Additional material examined. – MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Manongarivo, Antsatrotro E of Ankaramy, 14°05'S 48°23'E, 26.III.1993, Malcomber et al. 2310 (K [K000805497], P [P06795304]); Manongarivo, E de Ankaramy-be, Bekolosy, 14°04'S 48°17'E, IV.1993, Rakotomalaza 21 (P [P02373631]); 10 km SW of Andranomololo, 14°21'34"S 49°22'35"E, IV.2006, Rakotovao et al. 3178 (P [P02309332]).
description: Published as part of Vorontsova, Maria S., 2018, Revision of the group previously known as Panicum L. (Poaceae: Panicoideae) in Madagascar, pp. 143-186 in Candollea 73 (2) on pages 166-168, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v732a1, http://zenodo.org/record/5724514
Reason-Rupe Poll: October, 2014
Creators: name: Foundation, Arthur N. Rupe
name: Reason Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2015

description: Direction of country (1); Barack Obama job performance (1); Obama handling foreign policy (2); Congress job performance (1); voter registration (1); congressional party preference (1); satisfaction with political candidates (3); favorability of police (1); police held accountable for misconduct (1); police racially profiling (1); police using excessive force (1); police too quick to use lethal force (1); minimum sentencing (1); rights allowed to nonviolent drug offenders (2); criminal justice system bias (1); attention paid to problems of black people (1); United States military presence abroad (1); Congress vote on military force against ISIS (2); air strikes in Syria (1); sending troops to fight ISIS (3); arming Syrian rebels (1); Syrian rebels turning against US (1); paying for military action (2); Iraq war (2); 2008 financial crisis (2); US businesses abroad (1); corporate tax rates (1); businesses relocating to another state (1); subsidies for relocated businesses (1); birth control without doctor's prescription (1); prescribing drugs not yet Federal Drug Administration approved (1); required vaccinations (2); agreement with various statements (9); Ebola outbreak (1); government involvement in economy (1); government promoting moral values (1); preferred government size (3).
Radiationless decay spectrum of O 1s double core holes in liquid water
Creators: name: Trinter, Florian
name: Inhester, Ludger
name: Püttner, Ralph
name: Malerz, Sebastian
name: Thürmer, Stephan
name: Marchenko, Tatiana
name: Piancastelli, Maria Novella
name: Simon, Marc
name: Winter, Bernd
name: Hergenhahn, Uwe
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: radiationless decay spectrum
subject: O 1s double core hole
subject: liquid water
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: We present a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the radiationless decay spectrum of an O 1s double core hole in liquid water. Our experiments were carried out using liquid-jet electron spectroscopy from cylindrical microjets of normal and deuterated water. The signal of the double-core-hole spectral fingerprints (hypersatellites) of liquid water is clearly identified, with an intensity ratio to Auger decay of singly charged O 1s of 0.0014(5). We observe a significant isotope effect between liquid H2O and D2O. For theoretical modeling, the Auger electron spectrum of the central water molecule in a water pentamer was calculated using an electronic-structure toolkit combined with molecular-dynamics simulations to capture the influence of molecular rearrangement within the ultrashort lifetime of the double core hole. We obtained the static and dynamic Auger spectra for H2O, (H2O)5, D2O, and (D2O)5, instantaneous Auger spectra at selected times after core-level ionization, and the symmetrized oxygen-hydrogen distance as a function of time after double core ionization for all four prototypical systems. We consider this observation of liquid-water double core holes as a new tool to study ultrafast nuclear dynamics.
Roper Fortune # 2: General/Buying/Politics
Creators: name: Fortune Magazine
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 1999

description: Movies (2); go to movies vs. listen to the radio (1); television (1); door-to-door salesmen (3); attend fairs (1); investments (4); hostility towards Jews (1); morals better or worse today (1); political parties (2); support President Roosevelt (1); feelings toward President Roosevelt (5); federal spending (1); James Roosevelt job performance (1); LaFollette's party (3); political leaders ideology (11); liberalism (1); House vs. Senate (1); Congressional voting (1); admire Senator (1); successor to Roosevelt (1).
A study of junior leadership in 4-H club work
Creators: name: Pflughoeft, Henry A.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: There were 43, 258 older club members assisting with the planning and supervising of the 4-H Club program in 1939. This is the first survey of 4-H leadership where juniors have been included. The purpose of this study is to determine what place junior leadership has in the 4-H Club program; what duties should be assigned to these leaders; what method of selection should be used; what assistance and training should be given; and what satisfactions they receive.
A study of junior leadership in 4-H club work
Creators: name: Pflughoeft, Henry A.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society

description: There were 43, 258 older club members assisting with the planning and supervising of the 4-H Club program in 1939. This is the first survey of 4-H leadership where juniors have been included. The purpose of this study is to determine what place junior leadership has in the 4-H Club program; what duties should be assigned to these leaders; what method of selection should be used; what assistance and training should be given; and what satisfactions they receive.
title: Gratifikationskrisen von SpitalsärztInnen und ihre Auswirkungen auf Gesundheit, Arbeitszufriedenheit und Stressbewältigung
Creators: name: Piwonka, Heinz
Year: 2017

description: Die in Krankenhäusern tätigen Ärztinnen und Ärzte beklagen im öffentlichen Diskurs ihre als schlecht empfundenen Arbeitsbedingungen und ihren Arbeitsstress. Übersteigen berufliche Verausgabungen die dafür erhaltenen Belohnungen, entstehen Gratifikationskrisen, die soziale und individuelle Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit, Lebens- und Arbeitszufriedenheit, sowie die Stressbewältigung der Betroffenen haben. Auf Basis theoretischer Modelle zu Gratifikationskrisen und Stressbewältigung wird im Querschnittdesign ein Fragebogen entwickelt, der empirisch in ausgewählten Krankenhäusern Österreichs zum Einsatz kommt. Die Analyse des Rücklaufs zeigt die hohe Präsenz (83,3 %) von Gratifikationskrisen bei den Befragten (n = 48). Während geschlechtsspezifisch nur marginale Unterschiede bestehen, sind im ländlichen Raum (89,7 %) wesentlich höhere Anteile von Betroffenen festzustellen als im großstädtischen Raum (55,6 %). Zwischen Gratifikationskrisen und dem subjektiven Gesundheitszustand der ÄrztInnen besteht eine signifikante, negative Korrelation (r = -0,43); diese besteht auch mit der Lebens- und Arbeitszufriedenheit der SpitalsärztInnen (r = -0,57 bis -0,67). Gratifikationskrisen wirken sich signifikant negativ auf Stressbewältigungsstrategien der Selbstbeurteilung, Akzeptanz von Verantwortung, Suche nach sozialer Unterstützung und geplanter Problemlösung aus. Ein Vergleich der Ergebnisse mit nationalen und internationalen Studien vertieft die Erkenntnisse.
description: Hospital doctors complain about their poor working conditions and working stress in public discourse. An Effort-Reward-Imbalance (ERI) arises in case of exceeding occupational efforts compared with received rewards and affects employees´ health, life- and job satisfaction and coping in a social and individual way. Based on theoretical models of ERI and coping a questionnaire will be developed on a cross-sectional research design and empirically applied in selected Austrian hospitals. The analysis show a high incidence of ERI (83,3 %) among the respondents (n = 48). While gender-specific differences are marginal, in rural areas much higher rates of affected persons can be found (89,7 %) than in urban areas (55,6 %). Significant negative correlations exist between ERI and the subjective health status of the physicians (r = -0,43), the life- and job satisfaction (r = -0,57 to -0,67) and the coping strategies in the form of positive reappraisal of the person’s situation, acceptance of responsibility, seeking social support and planful problem solving. To deepen the understanding of ERI and its consequences, present results will be compared to other national and international studies.
A study of camp leadership courses offered by seventy colleges and universities in the United States
Creators: name: Crocker, Cynthia Adeline
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3903
subject: Education systems

description: Within the past decade, organized courses of study or curricula for camp leaders have appeared in American colleges and universities leading to credit for a degree. The objectives of this study are to survey and to analyze professional training for camp counselors as given in seventy selected colleges and universities in the United States. Because there seems to be only meager available data regarding camp leadership, and because there is a growing interest and demand for information on these courses, it is hoped that this first formal presentation of the courses in camp leadership will be of aid to the different universities and colleges and will be helpful in setting up standards of instruction in this comparatively new type of education.
A study of camp leadership courses offered by seventy colleges and universities in the United States
Creators: name: Crocker, Cynthia Adeline
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Within the past decade, organized courses of study or curricula for camp leaders have appeared in American colleges and universities leading to credit for a degree. The objectives of this study are to survey and to analyze professional training for camp counselors as given in seventy selected colleges and universities in the United States. Because there seems to be only meager available data regarding camp leadership, and because there is a growing interest and demand for information on these courses, it is hoped that this first formal presentation of the courses in camp leadership will be of aid to the different universities and colleges and will be helpful in setting up standards of instruction in this comparatively new type of education.
Chaotic transients and hysteresis in an $α^{2}$ dynamo model
Creators: name: Oliveira, Dalton N.
name: Rempel, Erico L.
name: Chertovskih, Roman
name: Karak, Bidya B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of chaotic transients in a nonlinear dynamo is investigated through numerical simulations of the 3D magnetohydrodynamic equations. By using the kinetic helicity of the flow as a control parameter, a hysteretic blowout bifurcation is conjectured to be responsible for the transition to dynamo, leading to a sudden increase in the magnetic energy of the attractor. This high-energy hydromagnetic attractor is suddenly destroyed in a boundary crisis when the helicity is decreased. Both the blowout bifurcation and the boundary crisis generate long chaotic transients that are due, respectively, to a chaotic saddle and a relative chaotic attractor.
Síndrome Nefrótica Idiopática da Criança Aspectos Etiopatogénicos
Creators: name: Rosa, F. Coelho
Publisher: name: Portuguese Journal of Pediatrics
Year: 2014

description: Os actuais conhecimentos sobre a etiopatogenia da Síndrome Nefrótica Idiopática da Criança, resultam da investigação desenvolvida nas áreas da imunologia, genética e biologia moleculares, procurando compreender o efeito e mecanismo de acção de mediadores circulantes e locais, libertados na sequencia da estimulação de um sistema imunitário anormal c levando a um aumento da permeabilidade do filtro glomerular às proteínas plasmáticas, com consequente proteinúria. No presente trabalho são compilados dados recentes dessa investigação, demonstrando a importância específica para o processo, de anomalias do número e função de células imunitárias, da libertação de citocinas e do efeito de radicais livres de oxigénio sobre a barreira glomerular, bem como da estrutura molecular dessa barreira c dos aportes da genética para a sua compreensão.

Palavras-chave: Síndrome nefrótica; etiopalogenia, proteinúria; filtro glomerular
description: Portuguese Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 35 n.º 3 (2004)
Promoting the production of challenging proteins via induced expression in CHO cells and modified cell-free lysates harboring T7 RNA polymerase and mutant eIF2α
Creators: name: Schloßhauer, Jeffrey L.
name: Tholen, Lena
name: Körner, Alexander
name: Kubick, Stefan
name: Chatzopoulou, Sofia
name: Hönow, Anja
name: Zemella, Anne
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Inducible expression
subject: CHO cells
subject: Cell-free protein synthesis
subject: CRISPR
subject: T7 RNA polymerase
subject: eIF2
subject: Rosa26
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are crucial in biopharmaceutical production due to their scalability and capacity for human-like post-translational modifications. However, toxic proteins and membrane proteins are often difficult-to-express in living cells. Alternatively, cell-free protein synthesis can be employed. This study explores innovative strategies for enhancing the production of challenging proteins through the modification of CHO cells by investigating both, cell-based and cell-free approaches. A major result in our study involves the integration of a mutant eIF2 translation initiation factor and T7 RNA polymerase into CHO cell lysates for cell-free protein synthesis. This resulted in elevated yields, while eliminating the necessity for exogenous additions during cell-free production, thereby substantially enhancing efficiency. Additionally, we explore the potential of the Rosa26 genomic site for the integration of T7 RNA polymerase and cell-based tetracycline-controlled protein expression. These findings provide promising advancements in bioproduction technologies, offering flexibility to switch between cell-free and cell-based protein production as needed.
The Rives Treaty: A Study in American Diplomacy and Party Politics
Creators: name: Russell, Willis Cleaves
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The story of the Rives Treaty and the Jackson administration is one that ties together foreign relations and party politics. It demonstrates very conclusively that at times perfectly high minded statesmen are unable to agree on what should be done in our foreign relations because of their differing party interests. Almost without exception party lines were followed in a matter dealing with a foreign nation.
Asma Infantil Aspectos Clínicos e Terapêuticos
Creators: name: Trindade, J. Costa
Publisher: name: Portuguese Journal of Pediatrics
Year: 2014

description: Episódios de sibilância são causa frequente de morbilidade na idade pediátrica. Estudos epidemiológicos demonstram que o motivo de consulta médica em 10% a 15% das crianças no primeiro ano de vida e em cerca de 25% das crianças menores de 5 anos são devidos a episódios de sibilância. Nos dois primeiros anos de vida. A sibilância é geralmente episódica e associada a infecções agudas das vias aéreas.

Sibilância recorrente ou persistente pode ser manifestação clínica de múltiplas situações patológicas, congénitas ou adquiridas. Cerca de 20% das crianças com dispneia recorrente são asmáticas, independentemente da idade de início dos sintomas, da demonstração de doença atópica, da presença de factores precipitantes ou da frequência dos episódios de dispneia.A clarificação das causas de sibilância nos primeiros anos de vida é fundamental para se perceber a importância dos factores de risco, o papel das infecções virais na marcha evolutiva para asma brônquica e para se poderem implementar programas preventivos e terapêuticos eficazes.E difícil distinguir o grupo de crianças com sibilância recorrente associada a infecção virai do grupo com asma
description: Portuguese Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 35 n.º 3 (2004)
Origem na Idade Pediátrica da Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crónica no Adulto. Parte 1: Indicadores de Risco na Evolução
Creators: name: Bandeira, Teresa
name: Trindade, J. Costa
Publisher: name: Portuguese Journal of Pediatrics
Year: 2014

description: A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica (DPOC) no adulto é uma das 5 principais causas de morte no Mundo Ocidental actual (OMS) e é a 4° causa de morte nos EUA com a uma prevalência que continua a aumentar. Alguns dos factores implicados na génese da DPOC do adulto podem e devem ser identificados e prevenidos em idade pediátrica.

Um dos grandes avanços no diagnóstico da DPOC no adulto foi a definição de obstrução aérea não reversível traduzida por FEVl/FVC <70%. A irreversibilidade da obstrução brônquica traduz o fenómeno de remodelação
description: Portuguese Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 35 n.º 3 (2004)
Molecular metrics to monitor ecological status of large rivers: Implementation of diatom DNA metabarcoding in the Joint Danube Survey 4
Creators: name: Tapolczai, Kálmán
name: Chonova, Teofana
name: Fidlerová, Dana
name: Makovinská, Jarmila
name: Mora, Demetrio
name: Weigand, Alexander
name: Zimmermann, Jonas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Bacillariophyta
subject: Biomonitoring
subject: Ecological quality assessment
subject: Environmental DNA
subject: Phytobenthos
subject: RbcL
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: The Joint Danube Survey (JDS) is a regular transnational survey to monitor the quality of the Danube and its main tributaries, in accordance with the EU Water Framework Directive. During the JDS4 in 2019, conventional methods to monitor selected biological quality elements were complemented with DNA metabarcoding. All together 72 phytobenthos samples were collected along the Danube and its major tributaries within the JDS4, using light microscopy and DNA metabarcoding amplifying a fragment of the rbcL marker gene. The (i) applicability of DNA metabarcoding to identify diatom communities compared to microscopy; (ii) diversity metrics between DNA metabarcoding and microscopy analysis and (iii) the usability of DNA metabarcoding for routine monitoring and assessment of the Danube under future JDS surveys were investigated. Diatom communities resulting from light microscopy and DNA metabarcoding assessments share 26.5% of all taxa which corresponds to 64.3% when considering relative abundances. Discrepancies originate from biases both from metabarcoding, e.g. missing taxa from the reference library, and from microscopy, e.g. overlooking of hardly visible taxa. Microscopy detected more taxa in total but metabarcoding revealed a higher alpha diversity, detecting also very rare taxa in a given sample. Molecular and microscopy based Specific Pollution Sensitivity Index (IPS) values correlated significantly but differences were detected at several sites due to the differences in community composition and the overestimation of large taxa by metabarcoding. Although both methods showed a decreasing trend of IPS along the Danube, the metabarcoding based IPS covered a higher range of quality classes indicating lower values for downstream sites and the tributaries. We suggest that metabarcoding provides a standardisable and efficient tool in biomonitoring, being more distinctive among quality classes than microscopy. Due to the high sequencing depth, it is able to detect a higher diversity on genetic level in a time- and cost-efficient manner that should be implemented in future quality assessment tools. We recommend its use in future biomonitoring surveys, for now, as a complementary method to conventional ones.
Low depth algorithms for quantum amplitude estimation
Creators: name: Giurgica-Tiron, Tudor
name: Kerenidis, Iordanis
name: Labib, Farrokh
name: Prakash, Anupam
name: Zeng, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We design and analyze two new low depth algorithms for amplitude estimation (AE) achieving an optimal tradeoff between the quantum speedup and circuit depth. For $β\in (0,1]$, our algorithms require $N= \tilde{O}( \frac{1}{ ε^{1+β}})$ oracle calls and require the oracle to be called sequentially $D= O( \frac{1}{ ε^{1-β}})$ times to perform amplitude estimation within additive error $ε$. These algorithms interpolate between the classical algorithm $(β=1)$ and the standard quantum algorithm ($β=0$) and achieve a tradeoff $ND= O(1/ε^{2})$. These algorithms bring quantum speedups for Monte Carlo methods closer to realization, as they can provide speedups with shallower circuits. The first algorithm (Power law AE) uses power law schedules in the framework introduced by Suzuki et al \cite{S20}. The algorithm works for $β\in (0,1]$ and has provable correctness guarantees when the log-likelihood function satisfies regularity conditions required for the Bernstein Von-Mises theorem. The second algorithm (QoPrime AE) uses the Chinese remainder theorem for combining lower depth estimates to achieve higher accuracy. The algorithm works for discrete $β=q/k$ where $k \geq 2$ is the number of distinct coprime moduli used by the algorithm and $1 \leq q \leq k-1$, and has a fully rigorous correctness proof. We analyze both algorithms in the presence of depolarizing noise and provide numerical comparisons with the state of the art amplitude estimation algorithms.
Vacina da Varicela - Resolver ou Modificar um Problema?
Creators: name: Marques, José Gonçalo
Publisher: name: Portuguese Journal of Pediatrics
Year: 2014

description: Foi recentemente autorizada pelo Infarmed a comercialização em Portugal da vacina viva atenuada da varicela. Podemos assim, a curto prazo, ser confrontados com a decisão de prescrever ou não esta vacina às nossas crianças - eventualmente sob a pressão de uma campanha nos media semelhante à que recentemente ocorreu no lançamento de outras vacinas. Este artigo pretende ser um contributo de reflexão para a formação dessa decisão.
description: Portuguese Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 35 n.º 3 (2004)
Steps into a Small World: First glimpses on everyday moment-to-moment decision making in an ecologically meaningful multi-choice system for assessing animal preferences
Creators: name: Puls, Fiona
name: Kosin, Louisa-Mae
name: Garbisch, Fiona
name: Touma, Chadi
name: Thöne-Reineke, Christa
name: Gygax, Lorenz
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: faecal corticosterone metabolites
subject: home-cage testing
subject: positive welfare
subject: proximate behavioural control mechanism
subject: welfare assessment
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: The behaviour shown by an animal at any one time is the consolidated output of its behavioural control mechanism. Moreover, what animals “want” is viewed as (the most) important component for individual welfare. Accordingly, studying the motivation of animals helps understanding basic mechanisms and welfare related needs. However, studying wants of animals is notoriously difficult and many previous studies on the preferences of animals have been restricted in the sense that only two choice options were presented in an artificial test environment. Here, an extended approach, the “Small World” is presented, in which the choices of animals between eight ecologically relevant resources can be observed in a long-term test to reach conclusions with respect to everyday moment-to-moment decisions. In this sense, the system offers a quasi-natural environment. The approach was tested in three experiments with observations of individual female rats, small groups of female rats (Long Evans, Rattus norvegicus) and small groups of female chickens (Lohmann Brown, Gallus gallus domesticus). The animals oriented themselves quickly in the system and it was possible to collect multifaceted data on the use of the resources. These data included the faecal and urinary markings in the Small World cages, the daily frequency and duration of visits to these cages, the sequential analyses of the choices for and decisions among the resources, and the synchrony of the animals in the groups. Given the richness of these data and the lack of a stress response in the tested animals, the use of the Small World approach seems to be highly promising as an extension to previously used procedures. To further improve the approach and more directly reflect the subjective value of the different resources from the animals' point of view, the distances between the resources in a quasi-natural landscape shall be manipulated in future studies.
The Rives Treaty: A Study in American Diplomacy and Party Politics
Creators: name: Russell, Willis Cleaves
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4407
subject: Policy and administration
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The story of the Rives Treaty and the Jackson administration is one that ties together foreign relations and party politics. It demonstrates very conclusively that at times perfectly high minded statesmen are unable to agree on what should be done in our foreign relations because of their differing party interests. Almost without exception party lines were followed in a matter dealing with a foreign nation.