cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Correlation between tunneling magnetoresistance and magnetization in dipolar coupled nanoparticle arrays
Creators: name: Kechrakos, D.
name: Trohidou, K. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of a hexagonal array of dipolar coupled anisotropic magnetic nanoparticles is studied using a resistor network model and a realistic micromagnetic configuration obtained by Monte Carlo simulations. Analysis of the field-dependent TMR and the corresponding magnetization curve shows that dipolar interactions suppress the maximum TMR effect, increase or decrease the field-sensitivity depending on the direction of applied field and introduce strong dependence of the TMR on the direction of the applied magnetic field. For off-plane magnetic fields, maximum values in the TMR signal are associated with the critical field for irreversible rotation of the magnetization. This behavior is more pronounced in strongly interacting systems (magnetically soft), while for weakly interacting systems (magnetically hard) the maximum of TMR (Hmax) occurs below the coercive field (Hc), in contrast to the situation for non-interacting nanoparticles or in-plane fields (Hmax=Hc). The relation of our simulations to recent TMR measurements in self-assembled Co nanoparticle arrays is discussed.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Physical Review B
title: Globalization, identiying the challenges and obstacles : (case study: exporting and importing companies of the Islamic Republic of Iran Customs)
Creators: name: Heidari, Mohsen
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: globalization
subject: cultural challenges and barriers
subject: economic challenges and barriers
subject: political challenges and barriers

description: The present study aims to recognize the challenges and barriers of globalization at the present condition of Islamic Republic of Iran. Population of the study included the exporting and importing companies of the Islamic Republic of Iran Customs. Participants of the study included 136 exporting and importing companies from customs of Bushehr, Hormozgan and Sistan and Baluchestan provinces of Iran. The opinions of 12 experts were used to recognize the challenges and barriers of globalization against the importing and exporting companies of Iran. Next, a questionnaire is designed accordingly and distributed among the sample. Results of the study based on the review of literature and research findings indicated that the challenges and barriers of the exporting and importing companies of the Islamic Republic of Iran Customs can be categorized in three general groups of cultural, economic and political challenges and barriers. Findings of the study indicated that the most important cultural challenges and barriers of globalization for the exporting and importing companies of the Islamic Republic of Iran Customs included cultural interactions and undermining the cultures and indigenous subcultures, cultural confusion and disorientation, imposing the dominant cultures through the media of other cultures, cultural interaction and the collapse of beliefs, attitudes, values and norms, promotion of the culture of consumerism, racism and priority of indigenous race, changing the national identity of Iranian population and Westernization. According to the results of the study the most important challenges and barriers of globalization for the exporting and importing companies of the Islamic Republic of Iran Customs included financial transactions and investment flows, internationalization and interdependence of financial markets and a global trading exchange, unemployment, commercial support regulations, customs and trade barriers, low economic power of the country and increased gap between the poor and the rich. Results of the study also indicated that the most significant political challenges and barriers of the exporting and importing companies of the Islamic Republic of Iran Customs included changes in the international order and political system, reducing rights and political freedoms, corruption and bribery at the political level, the increasing role of human rights organizations and interference in the internal affairs of countries, the loss of legitimacy and undermining national governments legitimacy, reducing the power of public policy instruments and decline of democracy. Keywords: globalization, cultural challenges and barriers, economic challenges and barriers, political challenges and barriers
Coherent states of parametric oscillators in the probability representation of quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Chernega, Vladimir N.
name: Man'ko, Olga V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Glauber coherent states of quantum systems are reviewed. We construct the tomographic probability distributions of the oscillator states. The possibility to describe quantum states by tomographic probability distributions (tomograms) is presented on an example of coherent states of parametric oscillator. The integrals of motion linear in the position and momentum are used to explicitly obtain the tomogram evolution expressed in terms of trajectories of classical parametric oscillator
Diagrammatic Polyhedral Algebra
Creators: name: Bonchi, Filippo
name: Di Giorgio, Alessandro
name: Sobocinski, Pawel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We extend the theory of Interacting Hopf algebras with an order primitive, and give a sound and complete axiomatisation of the prop of polyhedral cones. Next, we axiomatise an affine extension and prove soundness and completeness for the prop of polyhedra.
Quantum Entanglement of Fermions- Antifermions Pair Creation modes in Non-commutative Bianchi I Space-time
Creators: name: Ghiti, M. F.
name: Mebarki, N.
name: Aissaoui, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-commutative Bianchi I curved space-time vierbeins and spin connections are derived. Moreover, the corresponding non-commutative Dirac equation as well as its solutions are presented. As an application within the quantum field theory approach using Bogoliubov transformations, the von Neumann fermion-antifermion pair creation quantum entanglement entropy is studied. It is shown that its behaviour is strongly dependent on the value of the non-commutativity $θ$ parameter, $k_\perp$-modes frequencies and the structure of the curved space-time. Various discussions of the obtained features are presented.
description: 21 pages , 11 figures
Parallel Quantum Algorithm for Hamiltonian Simulation
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhicheng
name: Wang, Qisheng
name: Ying, Mingsheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how parallelism can speed up quantum simulation. A parallel quantum algorithm is proposed for simulating the dynamics of a large class of Hamiltonians with good sparse structures, called uniform-structured Hamiltonians, including various Hamiltonians of practical interest like local Hamiltonians and Pauli sums. Given the oracle access to the target sparse Hamiltonian, in both query and gate complexity, the running time of our parallel quantum simulation algorithm measured by the quantum circuit depth has a doubly (poly-)logarithmic dependence $\operatorname{polylog}\log(1/ε)$ on the simulation precision $ε$. This presents an exponential improvement over the dependence $\operatorname{polylog}(1/ε)$ of previous optimal sparse Hamiltonian simulation algorithm without parallelism. To obtain this result, we introduce a novel notion of parallel quantum walk, based on Childs' quantum walk. The target evolution unitary is approximated by a truncated Taylor series, which is obtained by combining these quantum walks in a parallel way. A lower bound $Ω(\log \log (1/ε))$ is established, showing that the $ε$-dependence of the gate depth achieved in this work cannot be significantly improved.
 Our algorithm is applied to simulating three physical models: the Heisenberg model, the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model and a quantum chemistry model in second quantization. By explicitly calculating the gate complexity for implementing the oracles, we show that on all these models, the total gate depth of our algorithm has a $\operatorname{polylog}\log(1/ε)$ dependence in the parallel setting.
description: Final version. 57 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Modular Constraint Solver Cooperation via Abstract Interpretation
Creators: name: Talbot, Pierre
name: Monfroy, Éric
name: Truchet, Charlotte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cooperation among constraint solvers is difficult because different solving paradigms have different theoretical foundations. Recent works have shown that abstract interpretation can provide a unifying theory for various constraint solvers. In particular, it relies on abstract domains which capture constraint languages as ordered structures. The key insight of this paper is viewing cooperation schemes as abstract domains combinations. We propose a modular framework in which solvers and cooperation schemes can be seamlessly added and combined. This differs from existing approaches such as SMT where the cooperation scheme is usually fixed (e.g., Nelson-Oppen). We contribute to two new cooperation schemes: (i) interval propagators completion that allows abstract domains to exchange bound constraints, and (ii) delayed product which exchanges over-approximations of constraints between two abstract domains. Moreover, the delayed product is based on delayed goal of logic programming, and it shows that abstract domains can also capture control aspects of constraint solving. Finally, to achieve modularity, we propose the shared product to combine abstract domains and cooperation schemes. Our approach has been fully implemented, and we provide various examples on the flexible job shop scheduling problem. Under consideration for acceptance in TPLP.
description: Paper presented at the 36th International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP 2020), University Of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy, September 2020, 17 pages. v2: Fix an example in Section 3.2 (improved closure)
Additional file 3 of Gene networks and expression quantitative trait loci associated with adjuvant chemotherapy response in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Creators: name: Jihoon Choi
name: Topouza, Danai G.
name: Tarnouskaya, Anastasiya
name: Nesdoly, Sean
name: Koti, Madhuri
name: Duan, Qing Ling
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Supplemental Data 3. Genotype QC pipeline.
Tune modulation effects in the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider
Creators: name: Kostoglou, Sofia
name: Bartosik, Hannes
name: Papaphilippou, Yannis
name: Sterbini, Guido
name: Triantafyllou, Natalia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several transverse noise sources, such as power supply ripples, can potentially act as an important limiting mechanism for the luminosity production of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and its future High-Luminosity upgrade (HL-LHC). In the presence of non-linearities, depending on the spectral components of the power supply noise and the nature of the source, such a mechanism can increase the diffusion of the particles in the distribution through the excitation of sideband resonances in the vicinity of the ones driven by the lattice non-linearities. For the HL-LHC, due to the reduction of the beam size in the Interaction Points (IP) of the high luminosity experiments (IP1 and 5), increased sensitivity to noise effects is anticipated for the quadrupoles of the inner triplets. The modulation that may arise from the power supply ripples will be combined with the tune modulation that intrinsically emerges from the coupling of the transverse and longitudinal plane for off-momentum particles through chromaticity. To this end, the aim of this paper is to study the impact of tune modulation effects on the transverse beam motion resulting from the interplay between quadrupolar power supply ripples and synchro-betatron coupling. A power supply noise threshold for acceptable performance is estimated with single-particle tracking simulations by investigating the impact of different modulation frequencies and amplitudes on the Dynamic Aperture. The excitation of sideband resonances due to the modulation is demonstrated with frequency maps and the higher sensitivity to specific modulation frequencies is explained. Finally, a power supply noise spectrum consisting of several tones is considered in the simulations to determine whether the presence of power supply ripples in the quadrupoles of the inner triplet will limit the luminosity production in the HL-LHC era.
Additional file 3 of Microcirculatory perfusion disturbances following cardiopulmonary bypass: a systematic review
Creators: name: Os, Matthijs M. Den
name: Brom, Charissa E. Van Den
name: Leeuwen, Anoek L. I. Van
name: Dekker, Nicole A. M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Supplemental Table 2. Patient characteristics of included studies.
Implementation of Self-Organizing Network (SON) on Cellular Technology base on Big Data Analytic
Creators: name: Firdaus, Muhammad
name: Muhammad, Raditya
name: Hakimi, Rifqy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The development of cellular technology will be directly proportional to the increasing requirement in various aspects, such as the speed of data transmission (velocity), data variations (variety), and data storage media (volume). The increase in various aspects will have a direct impact on the growth of internet users worldwide. In relation to that, the demand for increased capacity and coverage becomes a necessity because users access the networks using the same resources by utilizing resource sharing mechanism. Self Organizing Network (SON) is one of the solutions to make the system more efficient with guaranteed Quality of Experiment (QoE). SON can create an automated network with a self-optimization, self-configuration and self-healing mechanism. Big Data is leveraged in the network analytics as a reference for decision-making activities in the network automation process. In this paper, SON using Big Data analytics on 5G network is compared with SON on 4G network as the previous network technology. It is suggested that on 5G networks, Big Data changes the SON detection paradigm from reactive to proactive. Detecting problems starts with data collection and analysis of possible network problems. By predicting network problems early, solving network problems can be done faster. Additionally, by using Multi-hop relay, the distance between User Equipment (EU) and Base Station (BS) will be shorter. Therefore, the aim of increasing capacity and coverage can be fulfilled.
Massive Tensor Multiplets in N=1 Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Louis, Jan
name: Schulgin, Waldemar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the action for a massive tensor multiplet coupled to chiral and vector multiplets as it can appear in orientifold compactifications of type IIB string theory.We compute the potential of the theory and show its consistency with the corresponding Kaluza-Klein reduction of N=1 orientifold compactifications. The potential contains an explicit mass term for the scalar in the tensor multiplet which does not arise from eliminating an auxiliary field. A dual action with an additional massive vector multiplet is derived at the level of superfields.
description: 14 pages, Latex
Additional file 1 of Gene networks and expression quantitative trait loci associated with adjuvant chemotherapy response in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Creators: name: Jihoon Choi
name: Topouza, Danai G.
name: Tarnouskaya, Anastasiya
name: Nesdoly, Sean
name: Koti, Madhuri
name: Duan, Qing Ling
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Data 1. Microarray QC pipeline.
Two Aspects of the Mott-Hubbard Transition in Cr-doped V_2O_3
Creators: name: Held, K.
name: Allen, J. W.
name: Anisimov, V. I.
name: Eyert, V.
name: Keller, G.
name: Kim, H. -D.
name: Mo, S. -K.
name: Vollhardt, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The combination of bandstructure theory in the local density approximation with dynamical mean field theory was recently successfully applied to V$_2$O$_3$ -- a material which undergoes the f amous Mott-Hubbard metal-insulator transition upon Cr doping. The aim of this sh ort paper is to emphasize two aspects of our recent results: (i) the filling of the Mott-Hubbard gap with increasing temperature, and (ii) the peculiarities of the Mott-Hubbard transition in this system which is not characterized by a diver gence of the effective mass for the $a_{1g}$-orbital.
description: 2 pages, 3 figures, SCES'04 conference proceedings
Additional file 4 of Microcirculatory perfusion disturbances following cardiopulmonary bypass: a systematic review
Creators: name: Os, Matthijs M. Den
name: Brom, Charissa E. Van Den
name: Leeuwen, Anoek L. I. Van
name: Dekker, Nicole A. M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Supplemental Table 3. Quality assessment of included observational studies (3A) and randomized controlled trials (3B).
Cross-section and polarization of neutrino-produced $τ$'s made simple
Creators: name: Levy, Jean-Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Practical formulae are derived for the cross-section and polarization of the $τ$ lepton produced in deep-inelastic neutrino-nucleon scattering in the frame of the simple quark-parton model.
description: 10 pages, no figures
A comparative study of the U.S.-Canadian role in combating human trafficking
Creators: name: Mohajerin, Shadan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Human trafficking is a modem day form of slavery that exists in most parts of the world today including North America. In response to this problem, Canada needs to become more actively involved in combating this modem day form of indentured servitude. Canadian law reform efforts to date have been insufficient and have inadvertently contributed to the problem by (1) re-victimizing women and children, (2) failing to assist prosecutions and investigations (3) helping traffickers circumvent domestic laws, (4) failing to deal with the root causes of trafficking, (5) failing to protect victims, (6) not creating national programs for support and rehabilitation, and (7) not making public awareness of trafficking a priority for law enforcement officials and the public. To more effectively combat this problem a different kind of law reform agenda is necessary which adopts a multidisciplinary approach that makes victims and victim protection a central priority in the nation’s anti-trafficking strategy.
Overview of the Micro-bunching Instability in Electron Storage Rings and Evolving Diagnostics
Creators: name: Brosi, Miriam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The micro-bunching instability is a longitudinal instability that leads to dynamical deformations of the charge distribution in the longitudinal phase space. It affects the longitudinal charge distribution, and thus the emitted coherent synchrotron radiation spectra, as well as the energy distribution of the electron bunch. Not only the threshold in the bunch current above which the instability occurs, but also the dynamics above the instability threshold strongly depends on machine parameters, e.g. accelerating voltage, momentum compaction factor, and beam energy. All this makes the understanding and potential mitigation or control of the micro-bunching instability an important topic for the next generation of light sources and circular $e^+e^-$ colliders. This contribution will give an overview of the micro-bunching instability and discuss how technological advances in the turn-by-turn and bunch-by-bunch diagnostics are leading to a deeper understanding of this intriguing phenomenon.
description: Presented at the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference - IPAC'21. Submitted to JACoW, to be published in the corresponding proceedings
Thermal fluctuations in superconducting phases with chiral $ d + id $ and $ s $ symmetry on a triangular lattice
Creators: name: Groshev, A. G.
name: Arzhnikov, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The behavior of thermal fluctuations of a superconducting order parameter with extended $ s $ and chiral $ d + id $ symmetry is investigated. The study is carried out on a triangular lattice within the framework of the quasi-two-dimensional single-band model with attraction between electrons at neighboring sites. The method of consistent consideration of the order parameter fluctuations and the charge carrier scattering by fluctuations of coupled electron pairs, based on the theory of functional integration is used. The distribution functions of the phase fluctuation probabilities depending on temperature and charge carrier concentration are obtained. The temperature dependences of the amplitudes of the averaged superconducting order parameter are calculated. A phase diagram of superconducting states is constructed for the entire range of variation in the charge carrier concentration $ 0
Additional file 2 of Gene networks and expression quantitative trait loci associated with adjuvant chemotherapy response in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Creators: name: Jihoon Choi
name: Topouza, Danai G.
name: Tarnouskaya, Anastasiya
name: Nesdoly, Sean
name: Koti, Madhuri
name: Duan, Qing Ling
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Supplemental Data 2. Genotype imputation log.
A Review of Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) as a Link Redundancy in SDN Based Network Using Ryu-Controller
Creators: name: Nurhadi, Ali Ibnun
name: K., Guntur Petrus B.
name: Firdaus, Muhammad
name: Muhammad, Raditya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A reliable network is an absolute requirement for telecommunication networks at this time. This is in line with the growing number of users who need a reliable and uninterrupted connection to the server. Link Aggregation is one of the techniques that can be used to provide a reliable network. Link Aggregation System combines two or more links into one logical link, which is characterized by the use of a single IP address. During the communication between host and server, whenever the used link is broken or terminated the other active link can act as redundancy to resume that communication. This mechanism is called link redundancy. This mechanism will not run without the existence of another mechanism that monitors the condition of the links, which is either connected or disconnected. That mechanism is called link monitoring. Link monitoring used in this simulation is the Media Independent Interface (MII). In this simulation, we used Ryu-Controller and mininet Simulator to test the reliability of Link Aggregation-based SDN (Software Defined Network). During the simulation, we analyzed failover performance and how the Link Aggregation distributes the connection across the links for every which comes from a different source. From the simulations, we confirmed that link redundancy, the same data rate for every connection, to some degree, worked as intended.
Additional file 2 of Microcirculatory perfusion disturbances following cardiopulmonary bypass: a systematic review
Creators: name: Os, Matthijs M. Den
name: Brom, Charissa E. Van Den
name: Leeuwen, Anoek L. I. Van
name: Dekker, Nicole A. M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Supplemental Table 1. Study design and main findings of included studies.
Extending fibre nonlinear interference power modelling to account for general dual-polarisation 4D modulation formats
Creators: name: Liga, Gabriele
name: Barreiro, Astrid
name: Rabbani, Hami
name: Alvarado, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In optical communications, four-dimensional (4D) modulation formats encode information onto the quadrature components of two arbitrary orthogonal states of polarisation of the optical field. These formats have recently regained attention due their potential power efficiency, nonlinearity tolerance, and ultimately to their still unexplored shaping gains. As in the fibre-optic channel the shaping gain is closely related to the nonlinearity tolerance of a given modulation format, predicting the effect of nonlinearity is key to effectively optimise the transmitted constellation. Many analytical models available in the optical communication literature allow, within a first-order perturbation framework, the computation of the average power of the nonlinear interference (NLI) accumulated in coherent fibre-optic transmission systems. However, all current models only operate under the assumption of a transmitted polarisation-multiplexed, two-dimensional (PM-2D) modulation format. PM-2D formats represent a limited subset of the possible dual-polarisation 4D formats, namely, only those where data transmitted on each polarisation channel are mutually independent and identically distributed. This document presents a step-by-step mathematical derivation of the extension of existing NLI models to the class of arbitrary dual-polarisation 4D modulation formats. In particular, the methodology adopted follows the one of the popular enhanced Gaussian noise model, albeit dropping most assumptions on the geometry and statistic of the transmitted 4D modulation format. The resulting expressions show that, whilst in the PM-2D case the NLI power depends only on different statistical high-order moments of each polarisation component, for a general 4D constellation also several others cross-polarisation correlations need to be taken into account.
description: Introduction section and more references were added. Lemma 6 and Theorem 7 replace the old Theorems 6 and 7. Typos were fixed in Table XIII. Submitted in a different format and nearly identical content to MDPI Entropy
Over-optimism in benchmark studies and the multiplicity of design and analysis options when interpreting their results
Creators: name: Nießl, Christina
name: Herrmann, Moritz
name: Wiedemann, Chiara
name: Casalicchio, Giuseppe
name: Boulesteix, Anne-Laure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, the need for neutral benchmark studies that focus on the comparison of methods from computational sciences has been increasingly recognised by the scientific community. While general advice on the design and analysis of neutral benchmark studies can be found in recent literature, certain amounts of flexibility always exist. This includes the choice of data sets and performance measures, the handling of missing performance values and the way the performance values are aggregated over the data sets. As a consequence of this flexibility, researchers may be concerned about how their choices affect the results or, in the worst case, may be tempted to engage in questionable research practices (e.g. the selective reporting of results or the post-hoc modification of design or analysis components) to fit their expectations or hopes. To raise awareness for this issue, we use an example benchmark study to illustrate how variable benchmark results can be when all possible combinations of a range of design and analysis options are considered. We then demonstrate how the impact of each choice on the results can be assessed using multidimensional unfolding. In conclusion, based on previous literature and on our illustrative example, we claim that the multiplicity of design and analysis options combined with questionable research practices lead to biased interpretations of benchmark results and to over-optimistic conclusions. This issue should be considered by computational researchers when designing and analysing their benchmark studies and by the scientific community in general in an effort towards more reliable benchmark results.
description: 39 pages
Goal-Directed Planning for Habituated Agents by Active Inference Using a Variational Recurrent Neural Network
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Takazumi
name: Tani, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is crucial to ask how agents can achieve goals by generating action plans using only partial models of the world acquired through habituated sensory-motor experiences. Although many existing robotics studies use a forward model framework, there are generalization issues with high degrees of freedom. The current study shows that the predictive coding (PC) and active inference (AIF) frameworks, which employ a generative model, can develop better generalization by learning a prior distribution in a low dimensional latent state space representing probabilistic structures extracted from well habituated sensory-motor trajectories. In our proposed model, learning is carried out by inferring optimal latent variables as well as synaptic weights for maximizing the evidence lower bound, while goal-directed planning is accomplished by inferring latent variables for maximizing the estimated lower bound. Our proposed model was evaluated with both simple and complex robotic tasks in simulation, which demonstrated sufficient generalization in learning with limited training data by setting an intermediate value for a regularization coefficient. Furthermore, comparative simulation results show that the proposed model outperforms a conventional forward model in goal-directed planning, due to the learned prior confining the search of motor plans within the range of habituated trajectories.
description: 30 pages, 19 figures
Additional file 1 of Microcirculatory perfusion disturbances following cardiopulmonary bypass: a systematic review
Creators: name: Os, Matthijs M. Den
name: Brom, Charissa E. Van Den
name: Leeuwen, Anoek L. I. Van
name: Dekker, Nicole A. M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental methods. Full search strategy.
The equivariant index theorem in entire cyclic cohomology
Creators: name: Perrot, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let G be a locally compact group acting smoothly and properly by isometries on a complete Riemannian manifold M, with compact quotient. There is an assembly map which associates to any G-equivariant K-homology class on M, an element of the topological K-theory of a suitable Banach completion B of the convolution algebra of continuous compactly supported functions on G. The aim of this paper is to calculate the composition of the assembly map with the Chern character in the entire cyclic homology of B. We prove an index theorem reducing this computation to a cup-product in bivariant entire cyclic cohomology. As a consequence we obtain an explicit localization formula which includes, as particular cases, the equivariant Atiyah-Segal-Singer index theorem when G is compact, and the Connes-Moscovici index theorem for G-coverings when G is discrete. The proof is based on the bivariant Chern character introduced in previous papers.
description: 54 pages. v4: important changes, last section deleted. v5: minor correction
A phenomenological theory of superconductor diodes
Creators: name: He, James Jun
name: Tanaka, Yukio
name: Nagaosa, Naoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the superconductor diodes, where the magnitude of the critical current changes as the direction is reversed, in terms of a generalized Ginzburg-Landau model with the higher-order terms in the momentum of the order parameter. This theory is applied to Rashba spin-orbit coupled systems, where analytical relations between the nonreciprocal critical currents and the system parameters are achieved. Numerical calculations with mean-field theory are also obtained to study broader parameter regions. These results offer a rather general description and design principles of superconductor diodes.
description: Corrected an error in Eq.(10) and in FIG. 1
Family caregiving or caregiving alone : who helps the helper?
Creators: name: Sims-Gould, Joanie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This investigation advances the understanding of family caregiving by examining the relationship between adult children caregivers and their helpers, as well as the intersections between helping, gender and kinship. Specifically, it focuses on examining "who helps whom" and extends analyses beyond the dyadic focus of caregiving in later life. The focus on helping and caregiving addresses the variety of contributions and responsibilities involving not only the ’caregiver’ who was the ’target’ respondent in this research, but also others identified as ’helpers’ in the provision of care. The data for this dissertation are derived from the Work and Eldercare Research group of CARNET: The Canadian Aging Research Network. Secondary analysis of CARNET data focuses on quantitative and verbatim data collected from 250 individuals with significant caregiving responsibilities to at least one older person. The dissertation is comprised of three scholarly papers each focusing on a dimension of helping and caregiving by adult children. Study One examines the multiple relationships and contributions involved in providing care to an older relative. The research extends Kahn & Antonucci’s convoys of social support model (1981) and Cantor’s model of social care (1991) by disentangling some of the dimensions of helping and caregiving such as the distinction between direct and assistive help. Direct help is defined as the help given by caregivers and helpers to an older person. Assistive help is the help given to a caregiver or helper. Study Two examines the characteristics and composition of helping and caregiving families with specific attention to the intersection of gender and kinship. Findings underscore the presence and coordination of direct and assistive help, the predominance of women and kin, the importance of adult siblings and the participation of men in helping and caregiving. Study Two also advances understandings of caregiving/helping as a family-level concept. Study Three through the analysis of three case vignettes explores several themes in helping. Themes include, the presence and importance of absent caregivers/helpers, the presence of multiple care recipients, the participation of men in helping/caregiving and the contributions of paid helpers. Conclusions highlight implications for professional practice, policy and research.
Proximal nested sampling for high-dimensional Bayesian model selection
Creators: name: Cai, Xiaohao
name: McEwen, Jason D.
name: Pereyra, Marcelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bayesian model selection provides a powerful framework for objectively comparing models directly from observed data, without reference to ground truth data. However, Bayesian model selection requires the computation of the marginal likelihood (model evidence), which is computationally challenging, prohibiting its use in many high-dimensional Bayesian inverse problems. With Bayesian imaging applications in mind, in this work we present the proximal nested sampling methodology to objectively compare alternative Bayesian imaging models for applications that use images to inform decisions under uncertainty. The methodology is based on nested sampling, a Monte Carlo approach specialised for model comparison, and exploits proximal Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques to scale efficiently to large problems and to tackle models that are log-concave and not necessarily smooth (e.g., involving l_1 or total-variation priors). The proposed approach can be applied computationally to problems of dimension O(10^6) and beyond, making it suitable for high-dimensional inverse imaging problems. It is validated on large Gaussian models, for which the likelihood is available analytically, and subsequently illustrated on a range of imaging problems where it is used to analyse different choices of dictionary and measurement model.
Large scale characterization and calibration strategy of a SiPM-based camera for gamma-ray astronomy
Creators: name: Alispach, C.
name: Borkowski, J.
name: Cadoux, F. R.
name: De Angelis, N.
name: Della Volpe, D.
name: Favre, Y.
name: Heller, M.
name: Juryšek, J.
name: Lyard, E.
name: Mandat, D.
name: Miranda, L. David M.
name: Montaruli, T.
name: Nagai, A.
name: Neise, D.
name: Ekoume, T. R. Njoh
name: Pech, M.
name: Rajda, P.
name: Renier, Y.
name: Sliusar, V.
name: Walter, R.
name: Zietara, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The SST-1M is a 4-m diameter mirror Davies-Cotton gamma-ray telescope. It has been designed to cover the energy range above 500 GeV and to be part of an array of telescopes separated by 150-200 m. Its innovative camera is featuring large area hexagonal silicon photo-multipliers as photon detectors and a fully digital trigger and readout system. Here, the strategy and the methods for its calibration are presented, together with the obtained results. In particular, the off and on-site calibration strategies are demonstrated on the first camera prototype. The performances of the camera in terms of charge and time resolution are described.
Additional file 3 of Association between time-weighted activity space-based exposures to fast food outlets and fast food consumption among young adults in urban Canada
Creators: name: Liu, Bochu
name: Widener, Michael
name: Burgoine, Thomas
name: Hammond, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Sensitivity analyses using buffers with radii of 500 m, 1 km, and 1.5 km. Model results and model fit statistics for sensitivity analyses using buffers with radii of 500 m, 1 km, and 1.5 km.
Additional file 2 of Item analysis of the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) by the Rasch model: a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data obtained among community-dwelling elders
Creators: name: Hansen, Tina
name: Kjaersgaard, Annette
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Data codes of the existing data set and recodes for the analysis by the Rasch model.
Additional file 1 of Item analysis of the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) by the Rasch model: a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data obtained among community-dwelling elders
Creators: name: Hansen, Tina
name: Kjaersgaard, Annette
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. English version of EAT-10.
Probabilistic performance estimators for computational chemistry methods: Systematic Improvement Probability and Ranking Probability Matrix. II. Applications
Creators: name: Pernot, Pascal
name: Savin, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the first part of this study (Paper I), we introduced the systematic improvement probability (SIP) as a tool to assess the level of improvement on absolute errors to be expected when switching between two computational chemistry methods. We developed also two indicators based on robust statistics to address the uncertainty of ranking in computational chemistry benchmarks: Pinv , the inversion probability between two values of a statistic, and Pr , the ranking probability matrix. In this second part, these indicators are applied to nine data sets extracted from the recent benchmarking literature. We illustrate also how the correlation between the error sets might contain useful information on the benchmark dataset quality, notably when experimental data are used as reference.
Analyse von Handlungsoptionen in der EU-Getreidemarktpolitik
Creators: name: Ledebur, Oliver Von
name: Ehrmann, Markus
name: Offermann, Frank
name: Kleinhanss, Werner
name: Ledebur, Oliver Von
name: Ehrmann, Markus
name: Offermann, Frank
name: Kleinhanss, Werner
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Getreidemarktordnung
subject: Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik
subject: Politikfolgenabschätzung
subject: cereals market regulation
subject: common agricultural policy
subject: policy assessment

description: Zusammenfassung : Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Handlungsoptionen im Bereich der Getreidemarktpolitik (Abschaffung der Gersteintervention sowie der Flächenstilllegung). Die quantitative Analyse wird mit dem partiellen Gleichgewichtsmodell AGMEMOD und dem Betriebsgruppenmodell FARMIS durchgeführt; die Analysen konzentrieren sich auf Deutschland und Frankreich. Die Preisprojektionen orientieren sich an den Anfang 2007 von FAPRI veröffentlichten Ergebnissen. Daraus resultieren in 2014/15 Erzeugerpreise in der EU, die bei Weizen um etwa ein Drittel über dem Basisjahr liegen, während sich die Preise für sonstiges Getreide nicht wesentlich vom bestehenden Interventionspreis in der EU abheben. Die größten Veränderungen ergeben sich im Rahmen der Baseline (2004/05 bis 2014/15): Durch den starken Preisanstieg nimmt die Weizenerzeugung z.B. in Deutschland um etwa ein Drittel zu, während die Anbaufläche von Gerste und anderer ertragsschwächerer Getreidearten eingeschränkt wird. Durch Aufhebung der Flächenstilllegung werden in Deutschland etwa 0,7 Mio. ha Ackerfläche mobilisiert. Die Abschaffung der Gersteintervention führt partiell zu einem Rückgang der Gersteund Roggenfläche um 6 % in Deutschland, während Weizen aufgrund einer verbesserten Preisrelation ausgedehnt wird. In der Summe ergeben sich Einkommenseinbußen von 1,2 %. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Summary: The study examines the consequences of different options in the area of the cereal market policy (phasing out of barley intervention as well as the abandonment of obligatory setaside). The quantitative analysis is carried out with the partial equilibrium model AGMEMOD and the farm group model FARMIS; the analyses concentrate on Germany and France. The price projections orientate themselves at the results published by FAPRI at the beginning of 2007. In the target year 2014/15, producer prices for wheat are around one third higher compared to the base year while the prices for coarse grains are close to the cereal intervention price. The greatest changes arise in the context of the Baseline (2004/05 to 2014/15): Due to the strong rise of wheat prices, wheat production in Germany increases by one third, while the area of other cereals is slightly reduced. The abolition of setaside will mobilise about 0.7 million ha of arable land in Germany. The abolition of the barley intervention leads to a 6% reduction of barley and rye area in Germany, while wheat production is extended due to an improved price relation.
The Polyakov Loop and its Relation to Static Quark Potentials and Free Energies
Creators: name: Jahn, Oliver
name: Philipsen, Owe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It appears well accepted in the literature that the correlator of Polyakov loops in a finite temperature system decays with the "average" free energy of the static quark-antiquark system, and can be decomposed into singlet and adjoint (or octet for QCD) contributions. By fixing a gauge respecting the transfer matrix, attempts have been made to extract those contributions separately. In this paper we point out that the "average" and "adjoint" channels of Polyakov loop correlators are misconceptions. We show analytically that all channels receive contributions from singlet states only, and give a corrected definition of the singlet free energy. We verify this finding by simulations of the 3d SU(2) pure gauge theory in the zero temperature limit, which allows to cleanly extract the ground state exponents and the non-trivial matrix elements. The latter account for the difference between the channels observed in previous simulations.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; note and reference added