cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Spezialwissenschaften in der Geschichtsschreibung
Creators: name: Dorofeeva, Maria
Year: 2021

description: Das Ziel dieser Diplomarbeit liegt darin, den Nutzen der Spezialwissenschaften für die Geschichtswissenschaft zu erforschen und die daraus resultierenden Ergebnisse auf die Normannenfrage zu übertragen. Die jahrhundertealte Debatte um die Herkunft der Rus‘ und die Fragestellung, wer an der Reichsgründung der altertümlichen Rus‘ beteiligt war, sollte mit den Daten aus der DNA-Forschung zu neuen Erkenntnissen führen. Dass so ein Thema nicht ohne politische und damit einhergehende wirtschaftliche Interessen betrachtet werden kann, steht ganz klar außer Frage. Bei der Auswertung der Quellen aus unterschiedlichen Epochen geht es vordergründig darum, herauszufinden, welches politische Klima in der Innen- sowie Außenpolitik im genannten Territorium herrschte. Es ist kein leichtes Unterfangen, da die erste schriftliche Quelle, die Nestorchronik, die für ihre „Berufungslegende“ bekannt ist, ebenfalls einige Fragen offenlässt. Die Darlegung, wer die Rus‘ waren, die gerufen wurden, um zu herrschen und das Land zu einigen, enthält verschiedene Auslegungen alleine in der Chronik. Ebenfalls stellen die unterschiedlichen Redaktionen und der fehlende Originaltext eine Herausforderung dar. Durch die interdisziplinäre Forscherarbeit und den neu gewonnen Erkenntnissen aus der DNA-Forschung, könnten Fragen beantwortet werden, die aus den schriftlichen Quellen nicht eindeutig ableitbar sind. Trotz einiger Kritikpunkte an der DNA-Forschung lässt sich diese, als „neue“ Quelle, nicht mehr aus der Geschichtsschreibung weg denken.
Dissipative hidden sector dark matter
Creators: name: Foot, R.
name: Vagnozzi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple way of explaining dark matter without modifying known Standard Model physics is to require the existence of a hidden (dark) sector, which interacts with the visible one predominantly via gravity. We consider a hidden sector containing two stable particles charged under an unbroken $U(1)^{'}$ gauge symmetry, hence featuring dissipative interactions. The massless gauge field associated with this symmetry, the dark photon, can interact via kinetic mixing with the ordinary photon. In fact, such an interaction of strength $ε\sim 10 ^{-9}$ appears to be necessary in order to explain galactic structure. We calculate the effect of this new physics on Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and its contribution to the relativistic energy density at Hydrogen recombination. We then examine the process of dark recombination, during which neutral dark states are formed, which is important for large-scale structure formation. Galactic structure is considered next, focussing on spiral and irregular galaxies. For these galaxies we modelled the dark matter halo (at the current epoch) as a dissipative plasma of dark matter particles, where the energy lost due to dissipation is compensated by the energy produced from ordinary supernovae (the core-collapse energy is transferred to the hidden sector via kinetic mixing induced processes in the supernova core). We find that such a dynamical halo model can reproduce several observed features of disk galaxies, including the cored density profile and the Tully-Fisher relation. We also discuss how elliptical and dwarf spheroidal galaxies could fit into this picture. Finally, these analyses are combined to set bounds on the parameter space of our model, which can serve as a guideline for future experimental searches.
description: Some adjustments, 40 pages, 8 figures
A Non-Volatile All-Spin Non-Binary Matrix Multiplier: An Efficient Hardware Accelerator for Machine Learning
Creators: name: Rahman, Rahnuma
name: Bandyopadhyay, Supriyo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We propose and analyze a compact and non-volatile nanomagnetic (all-spin) non-binary matrix multiplier performing the multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operation using two magnetic tunnel junctions - one activated by strain to act as the multiplier, and the other activated by spin-orbit torque pulses to act as a domain wall synapse that performs the operation of the accumulator. It has two advantages over the usual crossbar-based electronic non-binary matrix multiplier. First, while the crossbar architecture requires N3 devices to multiply two matrices, we require only 2N2 devices. Second, our matrix multiplier is non-volatile and retains the information about the product matrix after being powered off. Here, we present an example where each MAC operation can be performed in ~5 ns and the maximum energy dissipated per operation is ~60Nmax aJ, where Nmax is the largest matrix size. This provides a very useful hardware accelerator for machine learning and artificial intelligence tasks which involve the multiplication of large matrices. The non-volatility allows the matrix multiplier to be embedded in powerful non-von-Neumann architectures, including processor-in-memory. It also allows much of the computing to be done at the edge (of internet-of-things) while reducing the need to access the cloud, thereby making artificial intelligence more resilient against cyberattacks.
description: A slightly shorter version of this article has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. The replacement corrects some errors in the previously uploaded version
AMS02 positron excess from decaying fermion DM with local dark gauge symmetry
Creators: name: Ko, P.
name: Tang, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Positron excess observed by PAMELA, Fermi and AMS02 may be due to dark matter (DM) pair annihilation or decay dominantly into muons. In this paper, we consider a scenario with thermal fermionic DM ($χ$) with mass $\sim O(1-2)$ TeV decaying into a dark Higgs ($ϕ$) and an active neutrino ($ν_a$) instead of the SM Higgs boson and $ν_a$. We first present a renormalizable model for this scenario with local dark $U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry, in which the DM $χ$ can be thermalized by Higgs portal and the gauge kinetic mixing. Assuming the dark Higgs ($ϕ$) mass is in the range $2 m_μ< m_ϕ< 2 m_{π^0}$, the positron excess can be fit in a natural manner without conflict with constraints from antiproton and gamma ray fluxes or direct detection experiments. Also having such a light dark Higgs, the self-interaction of DM can be enhanced to some extent, and three puzzles in the CDM paradigm can be somewhat relaxed.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, published version
Mining the modular structure of protein interaction networks
Creators: name: Berenstein, Ariel
name: Piñero, Janet
name: Furlong, Laura Ines
name: Chernomoretz, Ariel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Cluster-based descriptions of biological networks have received much attention in recent years fostered by accumulated evidence of the existence of meaningful correlations between topological network clusters and biological functional modules. Several well-performing clustering algorithms exist to infer topological network partitions. However, due to respective technical idiosyncrasies they might produce dissimilar modular decompositions of a given network. In this contribution, we aimed to analyze how alternative modular descriptions could condition the outcome of follow-up network biology analysis. We considered a human protein interaction network and two paradigmatic cluster recognition algorithms, namely: the Clauset-Newman-Moore and the infomap procedures. We analyzed at what extent both methodologies yielded different results in terms of granularity and biological congruency. In addition, taking into account Guimera cartographic role characterization of network nodes, we explored how the adoption of a given clustering methodology impinged on the ability to highlight relevant network meso-scale connectivity patterns. As a case study we considered a set of aging related proteins, and showed that only the high-resolution modular description provided by infomap, could unveil statistically significant associations between them and inter-intra modular cartographic features. Besides reporting novel biological insights that could be gained from the discovered associations, our contribution warns against possible technical concerns that might affect the tools used to mine for interaction patterns in network biology studies. In particular our results suggested that sub-optimal partitions from the strict point of view of their modularity levels might still be worth being analyzed when meso-scale features were to be explored in connection with external source of biological knowledge.
description: (v2 35 pages, 11 figures, including Sup Mat)
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FOOD LEXICON IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES IN THE CONTEXT OF CULTURAL IDENTITY AND GLOBALIZATION
Creators: name: Hojiyeva, Mehrangiz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The study of linguacultural features of the food lexicon pertains to the intersection of language and cultural practices regarding food. It delves into how linguistic elements reflect the cultural significance of food and dietary habits within specific societies. This framework incorporates anthropological, sociolinguistic, and cognitive linguistic perspectives to analyze how food vocabulary embodies cultural identity, social norms, and historical contexts in both English and Uzbek languages.
Chaotic saddles and interior crises in a dissipative nontwist system
Creators: name: Baroni, Rodrigo Simile
name: de Carvalho, Ricardo Egydio
name: Caldas, Iberê Luiz
name: Viana, Ricardo Luiz
name: Morrison, Philip J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a dissipative version of the standard nontwist map. Nontwist systems present a robust transport barrier, called the shearless curve, that becomes the shearless attractor when dissipation is introduced. This attractor can be regular or chaotic depending on the control parameters. Chaotic attractors can undergo sudden and qualitative changes as a parameter is varied. These changes are called crises, and at an interior crisis the attractor suddenly expands. Chaotic saddles are nonattracting chaotic sets that play a fundamental role in the dynamics of nonlinear systems, they are responsible for chaotic transients, fractal basin boundaries, chaotic scattering and they mediate interior crises. In this work we discuss the creation of chaotic saddles in a dissipative nontwist system and the interior crises they generate. We show how the presence of two saddles increase the transient times and analyze the phenomenon of crisis induced intermittency.
Reduced Axion Abundance from an Extended Symmetry
Creators: name: Allali, Itamar J.
name: Hertzberg, Mark P.
name: Lyu, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent work we showed that the relic dark matter abundance of QCD axions can be altered when the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) field is coupled to very light scalar/s, rendering the effective axion mass dynamical in the early universe. In this work we develop this framework further, by introducing a new extended symmetry group to protect the new particles' mass. We find that with a new global $SO(N)$ symmetry, with large $N$, we can not only account for the lightness of the new scalars, but we can reduce the axion relic abundance in a technically natural way. This opens up the possibility of large PQ scales, including approaching the GUT scale, and still naturally producing the correct relic abundance of axions. Also, in these models the effective PQ scale is relatively small in the very early universe, and so this can help towards alleviating the isocurvature problem from inflation. Furthermore, instead of possible over-closure from cosmic strings, the extended symmetry implies the formation of non-topological textures which provide a relatively small abundance.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, in double column format. V2: Updated towards version published in Phys. Rev. D
Polynomial and rational inequalities on Jordan arcs and domains
Creators: name: Kalmykov, Sergei
name: Nagy, Béla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 41A17, 30C20, 30E10

description: In this paper we prove an asymptotically sharp Bernstein-type inequality for polynomials on analytic Jordan arcs. Also a general statement on mapping of a domain bounded by finitely many Jordan curves onto a complement to a system of the same number of arcs with rational function is presented here. This fact, as well as, Borwein-Erdélyi inequality for derivative of rational functions on the unit circle, Gonchar-Grigorjan estimate of the norm of holomorphic part of meromorphic functions and Totik's construction of fast decreasing polynomials play key roles in the proof of the main result.
description: Minor typos corrected, DOI added
Causal approach for the electron-positron scattering in Generalized Quantum Electrodynamics
Creators: name: Bufalo, R.
name: Pimentel, B. M.
name: Soto, D. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the generalized electrodynamics contribution for the electron-positron scattering process, $e^{-}e^{+}\rightarrow e^{-}e^{+}$, the Bhabha scattering. Within the framework of the standard model, for energies larger when compared to the electron mass, we calculate the cross section expression for the scattering process. This quantity is usually calculated in the framework of the Maxwell electrodynamics and, by phenomenological reasons, corrected by a cut-off parameter. On the other hand, by considering the generalized electrodynamics instead of Maxwell's, we can show that the effects played by the Podolsky mass is actually a natural cut-off parameter for this scattering process. Furthermore, by means of experimental data of Bhabha scattering we will estimate its lower bound value. Nevertheless, in order to have a mathematically well defined description of our study we shall present our discussion in the framework of the Epstein-Glaser causal theory.
description: 24 pages, V2 to match published version
Localization of short duration gravitational-wave transients with the early advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors
Creators: name: Essick, Reed
name: Vitale, Salvatore
name: Katsavounidis, Erik
name: Vedovato, Gabriele
name: Klimenko, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Laser Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo, advanced ground-based gravitational-wave detectors, will begin collecting science data in 2015. With first detections expected to follow, it is important to quantify how well generic gravitational-wave transients can be localized on the sky. This is crucial for correctly identifying electromagnetic counterparts as well as understanding gravitational-wave physics and source populations. We present a study of sky localization capabilities for two search and parameter estimation algorithms: \emph{coherent WaveBurst}, a constrained likelihood algorithm operating in close to real-time, and \emph{LALInferenceBurst}, a Markov chain Monte Carlo parameter estimation algorithm developed to recover generic transient signals with latency of a few hours. Furthermore, we focus on the first few years of the advanced detector era, when we expect to only have two (2015) and later three (2016) operational detectors, all below design sensitivity. These detector configurations can produce significantly different sky localizations, which we quantify in detail. We observe a clear improvement in localization of the average detected signal when progressing from two-detector to three-detector networks, as expected. Although localization depends on the waveform morphology, approximately 50% of detected signals would be imaged after observing 100-200 deg$^2$ in 2015 and 60-110 deg$^2$ in 2016, although knowledge of the waveform can reduce this to as little as 22 deg$^2$. This is the first comprehensive study on sky localization capabilities for generic transients of the early network of advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors, including the early LIGO-only two-detector configuration.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
Heat conduction in herbertsmithite: field dependence at the onset of the quantum spin liquid regime
Creators: name: Barthélemy, Q.
name: Lefrançois, É.
name: Baglo, J.
name: Bourgeois-Hope, P.
name: Chatterjee, D.
name: Lefloïc, P.
name: Velázquez, M.
name: Balédent, V.
name: Bernu, B.
name: Doiron-Leyraud, N.
name: Bert, F.
name: Mendels, P.
name: Taillefer, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report thermal conductivity measurements on single crystals of herbertsmithite, over a wide range of temperatures (0.05-120 K) in magnetic fields up to 15 T. We also report measurements of the thermal Hall effect, found to be vanishingly small. At high temperatures, in the paramagnetic regime, the thermal conductivity has a negligible field dependence. Upon cooling and the development of correlations, the onset of a clear monotonic field dependence below about 20 K signals a new characteristic temperature scale that may reflect the subtle crossover towards the quantum spin liquid regime. Deconfined spinons, if present, are not detected and phonons, as the main carriers of heat, are strongly scattered by the intrinsic spin excitations and the magnetic defects. In view of the colossal fields required to affect the intrinsic spins, most of the field-induced evolution is attributed to the progressive polarization of some magnetic defects. By elaborating a phenomenological model, we extract the magnetization of these main scattering centers which does not resemble the Brillouin function for free spins 1/2, requiring to go beyond the paradigm of isolated paramagnetic spins. Besides, the onset of a nonmonotonic field dependence below about 2 K underlines the existence of another characteristic temperature scale, previously highlighted with other measurements, and sheds new light on the phase diagram of herbertsmithite down to the lowest temperatures.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Timescales of Massive Human Entrainment
Creators: name: Fusaroli, Riccardo
name: Perlman, Marcus
name: Mislove, Alan
name: Paxton, Alexandra
name: Matlock, Teenie
name: Dale, Rick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The past two decades have seen an upsurge of interest in the collective behaviors of complex systems composed of many agents entrained to each other and to external events. In this paper, we extend concepts of entrainment to the dynamics of human collective attention. We conducted a detailed investigation of the unfolding of human entrainment - as expressed by the content and patterns of hundreds of thousands of messages on Twitter - during the 2012 US presidential debates. By time locking these data sources, we quantify the impact of the unfolding debate on human attention. We show that collective social behavior covaries second-by-second to the interactional dynamics of the debates: A candidate speaking induces rapid increases in mentions of his name on social media and decreases in mentions of the other candidate. Moreover, interruptions by an interlocutor increase the attention received. We also highlight a distinct time scale for the impact of salient moments in the debate: Mentions in social media start within 5-10 seconds after the moment; peak at approximately one minute; and slowly decay in a consistent fashion across well-known events during the debates. Finally, we show that public attention after an initial burst slowly decays through the course of the debates. Thus we demonstrate that large-scale human entrainment may hold across a number of distinct scales, in an exquisitely time-locked fashion. The methods and results pave the way for careful study of the dynamics and mechanisms of large-scale human entrainment.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures, 6 tables, 4 supplementary figures. 2nd version revised according to peer reviewers' comments: more detailed explanation of the methods, and grounding of the hypotheses
title: Die Vorstellung des Joseph de Maistres (1753-1821) über das Papsttum
Creators: name: Rios, Marcos
Year: 2021

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Werk Du Pape (1819) von Joseph de Maistre. Das Hauptinteresse dieser Arbeit besteht darin, zu untersuchen, ob oder inwiefern dieses Werk einen Einfluss auf das Dogma der Unfehlbarkeit des Papstes auf dem Ersten Vatikanischen Konzil (1870) hatte. Der erste Hauptteil der Arbeit beschreibt das Setting, in dem Du Pape geschrieben wurde. Die unmittelbare Zeitperiode vor dem Erscheinen dieses Werkes ist die Französische Revolution. Die wichtigsten Ereignisse der Revolution und die Haltung des Papstes gegenüber diesen sollen dargestellt werden, um eine Erklärungsbasis zu bilden, warum de Maistre, der kein Theologe, sondern Diplomat war, sich überhaupt mit dem Papsttum auseinandersetzt. Der zweite Hauptteil beschäftigt sich eingehend mit dem Werk Du Pape. Das Hauptinteresse dieses Kapitels dient der ausführlichen Darstellung der Vorstellung de Maistres über das Papsttum. Es wird das ganze Werk in Betracht genommen. Der letzte Hauptteil dient der Forschungsfrage dieser Arbeit. Die Texte des Ersten Vatikanums werden vorgelegt und interpretiert. Ein Vergleich zwischen den Ideen der Konzilsväter und der Vorstellung de Maistres findet statt, um die Forschungsfrage zu beantworten.
Formulation of conductive inks printable on textiles for electronic applications: a review
Creators: name: Boumegnane, Abdelkrim
name: Nadi, Ayoub
name: Cochrane, Cedric
name: Boussu, François
name: Cherkaoui, Omar
name: Tahiri, Mohamed
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Printed electronics (PE) is one of the most dynamic technologies in the world. It proposes low-cost electronic network production in flexible substrates by numerous printing techniques, (screen printing, gravure, offset, flexographic, and inkjet printing), used in various industries. In PE, ink pigments are replaced by metallic particles or precursors that transmit electrical conductivity to the printed patterns such as carbon, polymers and conductive pigments. Conductive inks play an important role in printed electronics, and despite the number of conductive ink types available on the market, there are still issues to be addressed. Some of these restrictions include the use of toxic chemical reagents and solvents and complicated manufacturing protocols, which often make the industrialization of conductive inks an even more distant goal. In particular, conductive inks based on silver nanoparticles, Graphene and PEDOT:PSS are widely studied thanks to their high electrical conductivity. On the other hand, there is still work to be done to show the interest of inks based on phthalocyanine pigments, in particular copper phthalocyanine. Nevertheless, problems related to stability, dispersion and annealing temperature often limit the application of these four types of fillers. In this review, we present general information on available conductive fillers used for the formulation of conductive inks, focusing on metallic particles, carbon fillers, pigments and polymers. The influence and technical requirements of the regularly used printing techniques, as well as the post-processing treatments to achieve the targeted performance in the obtained inks have been discussed. In addition, the surface characteristics of the various types of extensible and flexible substrates used in portable electronics are described. Moreover, some types of printed flexible electronic components as well as notable applications of electronic textiles in various sectors are exhibited. Next, the major challenges for the manufacturing of printed flexible electronics and recommendations for future research are discussed in this review
title: Umweltbildung in österreichischen Schulbüchern
Creators: name: Kaltenbrunner, Samantha
Year: 2021

description: Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Notwendigkeiten für eine erfolgreiche Umsetzung nachhaltiger Lebensführung aufzuzeigen und was diesbezüglich der Biologieunterricht und, vor allem, Biologieschulbücher zu leisten im Stande sind. Mittels Schulbuchanalyse wurde versucht dieser Frage nachzugehen. Die Lerninhalte des Biologieunterrichts der Sekundarstufe 1 weisen mit den Themen der Umweltbildung zahlreiche Überschneidungen auf. Die größte thematische Schnittmenge findet sich in der 7. Schulstufe, weshalb vielverwendete Biologieschulbücher genau dieser Schulstufe für die Analyse herangezogen wurden. Da kein allgemein gültiger Kriterienkatalog besteht, der explizit Auskunft über Themeninhalte gibt, wurde hier versucht Themenbereiche aus dem theoretische Konzept der Umweltbildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung abzuleiten. Für die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse wurde die von Mayring entwickelte Software QCAmap zur Unterstützung herangezogen und damit die Schulbücher analysiert, kategorisiert und später in Excel quantitativ ausgewertet. Entgegen der eingangs formulierten Annahme, dass die Behandlung von nachhaltigkeitsrelevanten Themen in den Schulbüchern defizitär sei, konnten vor allem zu alltagsnahen Kategorien wie "Konsum und suffiziente Lebensformen", zahlreiche Zuordnungen vorgenommen werden. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse haben gezeigt, dass die Bildungs- und Lehraufgabe des Biologieunterrichts sehr wohl auch darin besteht, die Themen und Aspekte der Umweltbildung zu behandeln und anzuwenden.
MPEC 2024-S10 : COMET C/2024 Q4 (PANSTARRS)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: COMET C/2024 Q4 (PANSTARRS)

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Weighing the local dark matter with RAVE red clump stars
Creators: name: Bienaymé, O.
name: Famaey, B.
name: Siebert, A.
name: Freeman, K. C.
name: Gibson, B. K.
name: Gilmore, G.
name: Grebel, E. K.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: Kordopatis, G.
name: Munari, U.
name: Navarro, J. F.
name: Parker, Q.
name: Reid, W.
name: Seabroke, G. M.
name: Siviero, A.
name: Steinmetz, M.
name: Watson, F.
name: Wyse, R. F. G.
name: Zwitter, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the Galactic potential in the solar neigbourhood from RAVE observations. We select red clump stars for which accurate distances, radial velocities, and metallicities have been measured. Combined with data from the 2MASS and UCAC catalogues, we build a sample of 4600 red clump stars within a cylinder of 500 pc radius oriented in the direction of the South Galactic Pole, in the range of 200 pc to 2000 pc distances. We deduce the vertical force and the total mass density distribution up to 2 kpc away from the Galactic plane by fitting a distribution function depending explicitly on three isolating integrals of the motion in a separable potential locally representing the Galactic one with four free parameters. Because of the deep extension of our sample, we can determine nearly independently the dark matter mass density and the baryonic disc surface mass density. We find (i) at 1kpc Kz/(2piG) = 68.5 pm 1.0 Msun/pc2, and (ii) at 2 kpc Kz/(2piG) = 96.9 pm 2.2 Msun/pc2. Assuming the solar Galactic radius at R0 = 8.5 kpc, we deduce the local dark matter density rhoDM (z=0) = 0.0143 pm 0.0011Msun pc3 = 0.542 pm 0.042 Gev/cm3 and the baryonic surface mass density Sigma = 44.4 pm 4.1 Msun/pc2 . Our results are in agreement with previously published Kz determinations up to 1 kpc, while the extension to 2 kpc shows some evidence for an unexpectedly large amount of dark matter. A flattening of the dark halo of order 0.8 can produce such a high local density in combination with a circular velocity of 240 km/s . Another explanation, allowing for a lower circular velocity, could be the presence of a secondary dark component, a very thick disc resulting either from the deposit of dark matter from the accretion of multiple small dwarf galaxies, or from the presence of an effective phantom thick disc in the context of effective galactic-scale modifications of gravity.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, accepted to Astronomy and Astrophysics
Optical Singularity Dynamics and Spin-Orbit Interaction due to a Normal-Incident Optical Beam Reflected at a Plane Dielectric Interface
Creators: name: Debnath, Anirban
name: Kumar, Nitish
name: Baishya, Upasana
name: Viswanathan, Nirmal K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The degenerate case of normal incidence and reflection of an optical beam (both paraxial and non-paraxial) at a plane isotropic dielectric interface, which is azimuthally symmetric in terms of the momentum-spatial variation of Fresnel coefficients but not in terms of the fundamental polarization inhomogeneity of the incident field, requires in-depth analyses. In this paper, we use the reflection and transmission coefficient matrix formalism to derive an exact field expression of a normal-reflected diverging beam. The availability of the exact field information allows controlled variations of the system parameters, leading to significant dynamics of phase and polarization singularities hitherto unanticipated in the literature. We carry out a detailed exploration of these dynamics in our simulated system, and also verify them experimentally by using an appropriate setup. We then use Barnett's formalism to determine the associated orbital angular momentum (OAM) fluxes, leading to a subtle interpretation and mathematical characterization of spin-orbit interaction (SOI) in the system. Our work thus represents a non-trivial unification of the most fundamental electromagnetic reflection/transmission problem at a plane dielectric interface and the emerging areas of optical singularity dynamics with their understanding in terms of OAM flux and SOI. The normal-incidence--retro-reflection geometry being especially amenable to applications, these beam-field phenomena are anticipated to have applications in interface characterization, particle rotation/manipulation and other nano-optical processes.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures
Spectral dimensions from the spectral action
Creators: name: Alkofer, Natalia
name: Saueressig, Frank
name: Zanusso, Omar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generalised spectral dimension $D_{ S}(T)$ provides a powerful tool for comparing different approaches to quantum gravity. In this work, we apply this formalism to the classical spectral actions obtained within the framework of almost-commutative geometry. Analysing the propagation of spin-0, spin-1 and spin-2 fields, we show that a non-trivial spectral dimension arises already at the classical level. The effective field theory interpretation of the spectral action yields plateau-structures interpolating between a fixed spin-independent $D_{ S}(T) = d_S$ for short and $D_{ S}(T) = 4$ for long diffusion times $T$. Going beyond effective field theory the spectral dimension is completely dominated by the high-momentum properties of the spectral action, yielding $D_{ S}(T)=0$ for all spins. Our results support earlier claims that high-energy bosons do not propagate.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures; version to be published in Physical Review D
AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF INCLUSIVE TRAINING OF STUDENTS IN THE PROCESS OF PEDAGOGICAL HIGHER EDUCATION BASED ON A COMPETENCY APPROACH
Creators: name: Khafizova, Umida
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In this article, there is a scientific discussion about the practical role of the development of inclusive preparation of students based on the approach of performance measures. It covers essential resources about inclusive environments.
Quantitative tracking of grain structure evolution in a nanocrystalline metal during cyclic loading
Creators: name: Panzarino, Jason F.
name: Ramos, Jesus J.
name: Rupert, Timothy J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular dynamics simulations were used to quantify mechanically-induced structural evolution in nanocrystalline Al with an average grain size of 5 nm. A polycrystalline sample was cyclically strained at different temperatures, while a recently developed grain tracking algorithm was used to measure the relative contributions of novel deformation mechanisms such as grain rotation and grain sliding. Sample texture and grain size were also tracked during cycling, to show how nanocrystalline plasticity rearranges overall grain structure and alters the grain boundary network. While no obvious texture is developing during cycling, the processes responsible for plasticity act collectively to alter the interfacial network. Cyclic loading led to the formation of many twin boundaries throughout the sample as well as the occasional coalescence of neighboring grains, with higher temperatures causing more evolution. A temperature-dependent cyclic strengthening effect was observed, demonstrating that both the structure and properties of nanocrystalline metals can be dynamic during loading.
description: 12 figures
title: Erwartungen an Outdoor-Trainings unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Integrativen Outdoor Aktivitäten (IOA®)
Creators: name: Marchl, Herbert
Year: 2021

description: Die vorliegende Master-Thesis beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, welche Erwartungen die Österreicher*innen an Outdoor-Trainings haben. Ausgangspunkt ist das Verständnis der IOA® - Integrative Outdoor Aktivitäten - von handlungsorientiertem Lernen und Outdoor-Trainings. Der Bogen reicht dabei von der Theorie zu Team- und Führungskräfteentwicklung allgemein, einigen Modellen der Erwartung bis hin zum Outdoor-Training im Verständnis der IOA® im Speziellen. Um einen möglichst umfassenden Überblick über die Erwartungen an Outdoor-Trainings zu erhalten, kam die Methode der Online-Befragung zum Einsatz. Die Einladungen zur Umfrage gingen per Mail an die Teilnehmer*innen eines Online-Panels. Als Zielgruppe der potenziellen Teilnehmer*innen an Outdoor-Trainings wurden qualifizierte Berufstätige (qualifizierte Angestellte und Beamt*innen, Selbstständige, Freie Berufe sowie Facharbeiter*innen und Meister*innen) zwischen 18 und 59 Jahre definiert und nach ihren Erwartungen an Team- und Führungskräftetrainings befragt. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass potenzielle Teilnehmer*innen durchwegs hohe Erwartungen an Outdoor-Trainings für Teams- und Führungskräfte haben. Es zeigt sich, dass die Erwartungen auch erfüllt werden, denn 82% von den Personen, die bereits ein Outdoor- Training absolviert haben, geben an, dass ihre Erwartungen ganz oder eher erfüllt wurden. Als wichtigste Erwartung an Führungskräftetrainings geben die Befragten „konstruktive Konfliktlösung“ mit 71% an und als wichtigste Erwartung an Teamtrainings „Zusammenarbeit im Team verbessern“ mit 75%. Eine ungestützte Bekanntheit von Outdoor-Trainings Anbieter*innen konnte bei den Teilnehmer*innen in der Befragung nicht feststellt werden.
Learning deep abdominal CT registration through adaptive loss weighting and synthetic data generation
Creators: name: de Frutos, Javier Pérez
name: Pedersen, André
name: Pelanis, Egidijus
name: Bouget, David
name: Survarachakan, Shanmugapriya
name: Langø, Thomas
name: Elle, Ole-Jakob
name: Lindseth, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.9; I.5.4; J.3; J.6
subject: I.4.9

description: Purpose: This study aims to explore training strategies to improve convolutional neural network-based image-to-image deformable registration for abdominal imaging. Methods: Different training strategies, loss functions, and transfer learning schemes were considered. Furthermore, an augmentation layer which generates artificial training image pairs on-the-fly was proposed, in addition to a loss layer that enables dynamic loss weighting. Results: Guiding registration using segmentations in the training step proved beneficial for deep-learning-based image registration. Finetuning the pretrained model from the brain MRI dataset to the abdominal CT dataset further improved performance on the latter application, removing the need for a large dataset to yield satisfactory performance. Dynamic loss weighting also marginally improved performance, all without impacting inference runtime. Conclusion: Using simple concepts, we improved the performance of a commonly used deep image registration architecture, VoxelMorph. In future work, our framework, DDMR, should be validated on different datasets to further assess its value.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure, 4 tables
A New Freely-Downloadable Hands-on Density-Functional Theory Workbook Using a Freely-Downloadable Version of deMon2k
Creators: name: Oozeer, Nabila B.
name: Ponra, Abraham
name: Etindele, Anne Justine
name: Casida, Mark E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of us (MEC) developed a hands-on workbook for density-functional theory (DFT) during the summer of 2020. The idea was to have something that could be used to provide practical teaching for students at the Masters or advanced undergraduate level that would be free, could be used on a student's own personal computer, and would complement formal course work. The workbook is also very much intended to encourage students to explore program options, discover theory limitations, puzzle out what to do when the program does not work as expected, and to help students transition to thinking and using quantum chemistry programs as a researcher might do. After describing the structure of the workbook, we describe how the workbook has been used thus far as a teaching tool and as a useful step towards research-level problems.
description: 15 pages, 3 Figures, Conference: International Congress on Molecular Electronic Structure (MES 2022), Monastir, Tunisia, 2-6 September 2022. Pure Appl. Chem.
Quark magnetar in three-flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model with vector interaction and magnetized gluon potential
Creators: name: Chu, Peng-Cheng
name: Wang, Xin
name: Chen, Lie-Wen
name: Huang, Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate properties of strange quark matter in the framework of SU(3) Nambu--Jona-Lasinio(NJL) model with vector interaction under strong magnetic fields. The effects of vector-isoscalar and vector-isovector interaction on the equation of state of strange quark matter are investigated, and it is found that the equation of state is not sensitive to the vector-isovector interaction, however, a repulsive interaction in the vector-isoscalar channel gives a stiffer equation of state for cold dense quark matter. In the presence of magnetic field, gluons will be magnetized via quark loops, and the contribution from magnetized gluons to the equation of state is also estimated. The sound velocity square is a quantity to measure the hardness or softness of dense quark matter, and in the NJL model without vector interaction at zero magnetic field the sound velocity square is always less than 1/3. It is found that a repulsive vector-isoscalar interaction and a positive pressure contribution from magnetized gluons can enhance the sound velocity square, which can even reach 1. To construct quark magnetars under strong magnetic fields, we consider anisotropic pressures and use a density-dependent magnetic field profile to mimic the magnetic field distribution in a quark star. We also analyze the parameter region for the magnitude of vector-isoscalar interaction and the contribution from magnetized gluons in order to produce 2 solar mass quark magnetars.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Structural evolution of the kagome superconductors $A$V$_3$Sb$_5$ ($A$ = K, Rb, and Cs) through charge density wave order
Creators: name: Kautzsch, Linus
name: Ortiz, Brenden R.
name: Mallayya, Krishnanand
name: Plumb, Jayden
name: Pokharel, Ganesh
name: Ruff, Jacob P. C.
name: Islam, Zahirul
name: Kim, Eun-Ah
name: Seshadri, Ram
name: Wilson, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The kagome superconductors KV$_3$Sb$_5$, RbV$_3$Sb$_5$, and CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ are known to display charge density wave (CDW) order which impacts the topological characteristics of their electronic structure. Details of their structural ground states and how they evolve with temperature are revealed here using single crystal X-ray crystallographic refinements as a function of temperature, carried out with synchrotron radiation. The compounds KV$_3$Sb$_5$ and RbV$_3$Sb$_5$ present 2$\times$2$\times$2 superstructures in the $Fmmm$ space group with a staggered tri-hexagonal deformation of vanadium layers. CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ displays more complex structural evolution, whose details have been unravelled by applying machine learning methods to the scattering data. Upon cooling through the CDW transition, CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ displays a staged progression of ordering from a 2$\times$2$\times$1 supercell and a 2$\times$2$\times$2 supercell into a final 2$\times$2$\times$4 supercell that persists to $T$ = 11 K and exhibits an average structure where vanadium layers display both tri-hexagonal and Star of David patterns of deformations. Diffraction from CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ under pulsed magnetic fields up to $μ_0H$ = 28 T suggest the real component of the CDW state is insensitive to external magnetic fields.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Long-range order for the spin-1 Heisenberg model with a small antiferromagnetic interaction
Creators: name: Lees, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We look at the general SU(2) invariant spin-1 Heisenberg model. This family includes the well known Heisenberg ferromagnet and antiferromagnet as well as the interesting nematic (biquadratic) and the largely mysterious staggered-nematic interaction. Long range order is proved using the method of reflection positivity and infrared bounds on a purely nematic interaction. This is achieved through the use of a type of matrix representation of the interaction making clear several identities that would not otherwise be noticed. Using the reflection positivity of the antiferromagnetic interaction one can then show that the result is maintained if we also include an antiferromagnetic interaction that is sufficiently small.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure