cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Semi-Monolithic Detector providing intrinsic DOI-encoding and sub-200 ps CRT TOF-Capabilities for Clinical PET Applications
Creators: name: Mueller, Florian
name: Naunheim, Stephan
name: Kuhl, Yannick
name: Schug, David
name: Solf, Torsten
name: Schulz, Volkmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current clinical PET systems utilize detectors where the scintillator typically contains single elements of 3 - 6 mm width and about 20 mm height. While providing good TOF performance, this design limits the spatial resolution and causes radial astigmatism as the DOI remains unknown. We propose an alternative, aiming to combine the advantages of current detectors with the DOI capabilities shown for monolithic concepts, based on semi-monolithic scintillators (slabs). An array of 8 monolithic LYSO slabs of dimensions 3.9 x 32 x 19 mm3 was read out by a 64-channel photosensor containing digital SiPMs. The position estimation in the detector's monolithic and DOI direction was based on a calibration with a fan beam collimator and the machine learning technique gradient tree boosting (GTB). We achieved a positioning performance in terms of mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.44 mm and 2.12 mm for DOI considering a wide energy window of 300 - 700 keV. The energy resolution was determined to be 11.3%. We established both an analytical and machine-learning-based timing calibration approach and applied them for a first-photon trigger. The analytical timing calibration corrects for electronic and optical time skews leading to 240 ps coincidence resolving time (CRT) for a pair of slab-detectors. The CRT was significantly improved by utilizing GTB to predict the time difference based on specific training data and applied on top of the analytical calibration. We achieved 209 ps for the wide energy window and 198 ps for a narrow selection around the photopeak (411 - 561 keV). To maintain the detector's sensitivity, no filters were applied to the data during processing. Overall, the semi-monolithic detector provides attractive performance characteristics. Especially, a good CRT can be achieved while introducing DOI capabilities to the detector, making the concept suitable for clinical PET scanners.
description: Accepted by Medical Physics, bibliographic information to follow
Hierarchical autoregressive neural networks for statistical systems
Creators: name: Białas, Piotr
name: Korcyl, Piotr
name: Stebel, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It was recently proposed that neural networks could be used to approximate many-dimensional probability distributions that appear e.g. in lattice field theories or statistical mechanics. Subsequently they can be used as variational approximators to asses extensive properties of statistical systems, like free energy, and also as neural samplers used in Monte Carlo simulations. The practical application of this approach is unfortunately limited by its unfavorable scaling both of the numerical cost required for training, and the memory requirements with the system size. This is due to the fact that the original proposition involved a neural network of width which scaled with the total number of degrees of freedom, e.g. $L^2$ in case of a two dimensional $L\times L$ lattice. In this work we propose a hierarchical association of physical degrees of freedom, for instance spins, to neurons which replaces it with the scaling with the linear extent $L$ of the system. We demonstrate our approach on the two-dimensional Ising model by simulating lattices of various sizes up to $128 \times 128$ spins, with time benchmarks reaching lattices of size $512 \times 512$. We observe that our proposal improves the quality of neural network training, i.e. the approximated probability distribution is closer to the target that could be previously achieved. As a consequence, the variational free energy reaches a value closer to its theoretical expectation and, if applied in a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm, the resulting autocorrelation time is smaller. Finally, the replacement of a single neural network by a hierarchy of smaller networks considerably reduces the memory requirements.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Quantum Emulation of Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: Fernandez-Corbaton, Ivan
name: Cirio, Mauro
name: Büse, Alexander
name: Lamata, Lucas
name: Solano, Enrique
name: Molina-Terriza, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational waves, as predicted by Einstein's general relativity theory, appear as ripples in the fabric of spacetime traveling at the speed of light. We prove that the propagation of small amplitude gravitational waves in a curved spacetime is equivalent to the propagation of a subspace of electromagnetic states. We use this result to propose the use of entangled photons to emulate the evolution of gravitational waves in curved spacetimes by means of experimental electromagnetic setups featuring metamaterials.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Non-Convergent Perturbation Theory and Misleading Inferences about Parameter Relationships: the Case of Superexchange
Creators: name: Psiachos, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the well-known three-center cation-anion-cation model for superexchange in insulating transition-metal compounds using limiting expansions for the Anderson-Hubbard model. We find that due to the three interfering energy scales in the model, a limiting expression for the superexchange $J$ for the idealized Mott-Hubbard (M-H) case $t\ll U\ll Δ$ cannot be formally defined. We further show that no single expansion variable can describe any type of limiting behaviour for superexchange. The well-known $t^4$ expression for M-H insulators, obtained from path-dependent series expansions, is not unique to these systems as it can also be obtained with many other different expansions, in which either the $d-p$ energy difference $Δ$ or the $d$-electron correlation $U$ can actually be small. At times, and particularly for milder relationships between the parameters, $t\lesssim U\lesssimΔ,$ the reverse form of the series expansions can yield better agreement with the exact results. This implies that the fitting of experimental data to the simple expressions derived from path-dependent series expansions can lead to qualitatively incorrect relationships between the parameters, fictitiously within the M-H regime.
description: Longer version, change of title
Panzer: A Finite Element Assembly Engine within the Trilinos Framework
Creators: name: Gates, Jason M.
name: Pawlowski, Roger P.
name: Cyr, Eric C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Trilinos, Panzer, finite element, physics, simulation

description: An introduction to the Panzer finite element assembly engine, its components (element & physics block, equation sets, closure models, etc.), and how an example physics problem is solved with it.
Obesity MS SI-FINAL.pdf
Creators: name: van der Vliet, Albert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary data in support of manuscript: Diet-Induced Obesity Worsens Allergen-Induced Type 2/Type 17 Inflammation in Airways by Enhancing DUOX1 Activation
Cervical lymphadenitis as a manifestation of group B Streptococcus infection
Creators: name: Camacho, Bernardo
name: Oliveira, Joana
name: Fernandes, Ana Carolina
name: Gouveia, Carolina
Publisher: name: Lusiadas Scientific Journal
Year: 2023

description: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) remains an important cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis in the newborn infant. Although these are the most common clinical manifestations, GBS can cause a wide variety of focal infections. Isolated lymphadenitis is a rare form of presentation and may be the only sign of bacteraemia. Recurrence of infection is rare but could be related to the persistence of mucosal carriage of GBS despite appropriate antimicrobial treatment for the invasive infection. We describe a case of a two-month-old male with recurrent GBS infection and lymphadenitis.
description: Lusiadas Scientific Journal, Online First
A Dearth of Close-In Stellar Companions to M-dwarf TESS Objects of Interest
Creators: name: Clark, Catherine A.
name: van Belle, Gerard T.
name: Ciardi, David R.
name: Lund, Michael B.
name: Howell, Steve B.
name: Everett, Mark E.
name: Beichman, Charles A.
name: Winters, Jennifer G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: TESS has proven to be a powerful resource for finding planets, including those that orbit the most prevalent stars in our galaxy: the M dwarfs. Identification of stellar companions (both bound and unbound) has become a standard component of the transiting planet confirmation process in order to assess the level of light curve dilution and the possibility of the target being a false positive. Studies of stellar companions have also enabled investigations into stellar multiplicity in planet-hosting systems, which has wide-ranging implications for both exoplanet detection and characterization, as well as for the formation and evolution of planetary systems. Speckle and AO imaging are some of the most efficient and effective tools for revealing close-in stellar companions; we therefore present observations of 58 M-dwarf TOIs obtained using a suite of speckle imagers at the 3.5-m WIYN telescope, the 4.3-m Lowell Discovery Telescope, and the 8.1-m Gemini North and South telescopes. These observations, as well as near-infrared adaptive optics images obtained for a subset (14) of these TOIs, revealed only two close-in stellar companions. Upon surveying the literature, and cross-matching our sample with Gaia, SUPERWIDE, and the catalog from El-Badry et al. (2021), we reveal an additional 15 widely-separated common proper motion companions. We also evaluate the potential for undetected close-in companions. Taking into consideration the sensitivity of the observations, our findings suggest that the orbital period distribution of stellar companions to planet-hosting M dwarfs is shifted to longer periods compared to the expected distribution for field M dwarfs.
description: 28 pages: 24 pages of text with 9 figures, 4 pages of figures in the appendix. Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
Therapeutic target discovery using Boolean network attractors: avoiding pathological phenotypes
Creators: name: Poret, Arnaud
name: Boissel, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Target identification, one of the steps of drug discovery, aims at identifying biomolecules whose function should be therapeutically altered in order to cure the considered pathology. This work proposes an algorithm for in silico target identification using Boolean network attractors. It assumes that attractors of dynamical systems, such as Boolean networks, correspond to phenotypes produced by the modeled biological system. Under this assumption, and given a Boolean network modeling a pathophysiology, the algorithm identifies target combinations able to remove attractors associated with pathological phenotypes. It is tested on a Boolean model of the mammalian cell cycle bearing a constitutive inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein, as seen in cancers, and its applications are illustrated on a Boolean model of Fanconi anemia. The results show that the algorithm returns target combinations able to remove attractors associated with pathological phenotypes and then succeeds in performing the proposed in silico target identification. However, as with any in silico evidence, there is a bridge to cross between theory and practice, thus requiring it to be used in combination with wet lab experiments. Nevertheless, it is expected that the algorithm is of interest for target identification, notably by exploiting the inexpensiveness and predictive power of computational approaches to optimize the efficiency of costly wet lab experiments.
description: Since the publication of this article and among the possible improvements mentioned in the Conclusion, two improvements have been done: extending the algorithm for multivalued logic and considering the basins of attraction of the pathological attractors for selecting the therapeutic bullets
Livsic-type Determinantal Representations and Hyperbolicity
Creators: name: Shamovich, Eli
name: Vinnikov, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Hyperbolic homogeneous polynomials with real coefficients, i.e., hyperbolic real projective hypersurfaces, and their determinantal representations, play a key role in the emerging field of convex algebraic geometry. In this paper we consider a natural notion of hyperbolicity for a real subvariety $X \subset \mathbb{P}^d$ of an arbitrary codimension $\ell$ with respect to a real $\ell - 1$-dimensional linear subspace $V \subset \mathbb{P}^d$ and study its basic properties. We also consider a special kind of determinantal representations that we call Livsic-type and a nice subclass of these that we call \vr{}. Much like in the case of hypersurfaces ($\ell=1$), the existence of a definite Hermitian \vr{} Livsic-type determinantal representation implies hyperbolicity. We show that every curve admits a \vr{} Livsic-type determinantal representation. Our basic tools are Cauchy kernels for line bundles and the notion of the Bezoutian for two meromorphic functions on a compact Riemann surface that we introduce. We then proceed to show that every real curve in $\mathbb{P}^d$ hyperbolic with respect to some real $d-2$-dimensional linear subspace admits a definite Hermitian, or even real symmetric, \vr{} Livsic-type determinantal representation.
Transverse Vector Decomposition Method for Analytical Inversion of Exoplanet Transit Spectra
Creators: name: Matchev, Konstantin T.
name: Matcheva, Katia
name: Roman, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a new method for analytical inversion of binned exoplanet transit spectra and for retrieval of planet parameters. The method has a geometrical interpretation and treats each observed spectrum as a single vector $\vec r$ in the multidimensional spectral space of observed bin values. We decompose the observed $\vec{r}$ into a wavelength-independent component $\vec{r}_\parallel$ corresponding to the spectral mean across all observed bins, and a transverse component $\vec{r}_\perp$ which is wavelength-dependent and contains the relevant information about the atmospheric chemistry. The method allows us to extract, without any prior assumptions or additional information, the relative mass (or volume) mixing ratios of the absorbers in the atmosphere, the scale height to stellar radius ratio, $H/R_S$, and the atmospheric temperature. The method is illustrated and validated with several examples of increasing complexity.
description: Submitted to AAS Journals, 22 pages, 9 figures
Spin-transfer torque induced spin waves in antiferromagnetic insulators
Creators: name: Daniels, Matthew W.
name: Guo, Wei
name: Stocks, G. Malcolm
name: Xiao, Di
name: Xiao, Jiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the possibility of exciting spin waves in insulating antiferromagnetic films by injecting spin current at the surface. We analyze both magnetically compensated and uncompensated interfaces. We find that the spin current induced spin-transfer torque can excite spin waves in insulating antiferromagnetic materials and that the chirality of the excited spin wave is determined by the polarization of the injected spin current. Furthermore, the presence of magnetic surface anisotropy can greatly increase the accessibility of these excitations.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
COSE$ν$: A Collective Oscillation Simulation Engine for Neutrinos
Creators: name: George, Manu
name: Lin, Chun-Yu
name: Wu, Meng-Ru
name: Liu, Tony G.
name: Xiong, Zewei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the implementation details of the simulation code \cosenu, which numerically solves a set of non-linear partial differential equations that govern the dynamics of neutrino collective flavor conversions. We systematically provide the details of both the finite difference method supported by Kreiss-Oliger dissipation and the finite volume method with seventh order weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme. To ensure the reliability of the code, we perform the comparison of the simulation results with theoretically obtainable solutions. In order to understand and characterize the error accumulation behavior of the implementations when neutrino self-interactions are switched on, we also analyze the evolution of the deviation of the conserved quantities for different values of simulation parameters. We report the performance of our code with both CPUs and GPUs. The public version of the \cosenu~package is available at \url{https://github.com/COSEnu/COSEnu}.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures
Divergences in the quark number susceptibility : The origin and a cure
Creators: name: Gavai, Rajiv V.
name: Sharma, Sayantan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quark number susceptibility on the lattice, obtained by merely adding a $μN$ term with $μ$ as the chemical potential and $N$ as the conserved quark number, has a quadratic divergence in the cut-off $a$. We show that such a divergence already exist for free fermions with a cut-off regulator. While one can eliminate it in the free lattice theory by suitably modifying the action, as is popularly done, it can simply be subtracted off as well. Computations of higher order susceptibilities, needed for estimating the location of the QCD critical point, then need a lot fewer number of quark propagators at any order. We show that this method of divergence removal works in the interacting theory.
description: Published version, with added discussion of the results and the appendix removed
IL CRITERIO DEL BEYOND ANY REASONABLE DOUBT NELLA RESPONSABILITA' DELLE PERSONE GIURIDICHE. STUDIO POLITICO CRIMINALE E SULLA FINALITA' DELLA PENA
Creators: name: CASTILLO VAL, IGNACIO JAVIER
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2020

description: The thesis argues that there are no good reasons to justify the liability of legal persons, for the endangerment or ham to one of us, should be classified as criminal offense, even when the norm of unfulfilled conduct is precisely a penalty one. To assume that a company might be punish for its ex-crime participation does not imply that it should be penalized, with a criminal offense. The reason for this is that one of the fundamental elements of the penal system, the standard of reasonable doubt, is not justified in the attribution of responsibility of moral entities. In addition, in the criminal procedure, as it does not happen in other matters, the so-called search for truth is only one of the components - necessary, but not sufficient - of the adjudicative activity. In criminal law, we needed a special configuration between the balance of other necessary interests, such as social peace (civility), human dignity (otherness), costs and the stability of decisions that imply that not necessarily the true decision is the correct. To this we should added, more than outstandingly, the moral imperative to prevent the conviction of innocent people. This means that the regulation of standard of proof is influenced by epistemic, counter-epistemic and extra-epistemic reasons, which limit or condition the evidence of the jury or trial finder, making the task of imputation difficult. Therefore, the different processes (criminal, administrative and civil) have different epistemic, extra-epistemic and counter-epistemic rules. In the case of legal persons, there are no reasons to be applied the rules of the criminal procedure. In fact, the structure of the criminal justice system, its principles and guarantees, certainly allow that someone who is actually guilty, that is, who committed the crime, to escape the punish, which indirectly increases the incentives of other possible offenders to commit crimes, but above all, it generates an impact of impunity on the victims. If we considered that criminal law has the mission of protecting the most important human?s values, the previous trade-off would be debatable with respect to an entity that, basically, has an economic ethos and that does not necessarily share fundamental human values, let alone recognize it - because he does not recognize the victim as a moral alter ego. Society should design policies to reduce conducts classified as a crime, not incentivize it, even not directly. The thesis concludes that legal entities are not worthy of deserving our criminal law, they do not deserve that the State limits itself, as it does with natural persons, in the use of the ius puniendi, either to control the sources of risk or to sanction the harms they cause to people.
Walking dynamics are symmetric (enough)
Creators: name: Ankaralı, M. Mert
name: Sefati, Shahin
name: Madhav, Manu S.
name: Long, Andrew
name: Bastian, Amy J.
name: Cowan, Noah J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many biological phenomena such as locomotion, circadian cycles, and breathing are rhythmic in nature and can be modeled as rhythmic dynamical systems. Dynamical systems modeling often involves neglecting certain characteristics of a physical system as a modeling convenience. For example, human locomotion is frequently treated as symmetric about the sagittal plane. In this work, we test this assumption by examining human walking dynamics around the steady-state (limit-cycle). Here we adapt statistical cross validation in order to examine whether there are statistically significant asymmetries, and even if so, test the consequences of assuming bilateral symmetry anyway. Indeed, we identify significant asymmetries in the dynamics of human walking, but nevertheless show that ignoring these asymmetries results in a more consistent and predictive model. In general, neglecting evident characteristics of a system can be more than a modeling convenience---it can produce a better model.
description: Draft submitted to Journal of the Royal Society Interface
Nonlinear Field-split Preconditioners for Solving Monolithic Phase-field Models of Brittle Fracture
Creators: name: Kopaničáková, Alena
name: Kothari, Hardik
name: Krause, Rolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: One of the state-of-the-art strategies for predicting crack propagation, nucleation, and interaction is the phase-field approach. Despite its reliability and robustness, the phase-field approach suffers from burdensome computational cost, caused by the non-convexity of the underlying energy functional and a large number of unknowns required to resolve the damage gradients. In this work, we propose to solve such nonlinear systems in a monolithic manner using the Schwarz preconditioned inexact Newton's (SPIN) method. The proposed SPIN method leverages the field split approach and minimizes the energy functional separately with respect to displacement and the phase-field, in an additive and multiplicative manner. In contrast to the standard alternate minimization, the result of this decoupled minimization process is used to construct a preconditioner for a coupled linear system, arising at each Newton's iteration. The overall performance and the convergence properties of the proposed additive and multiplicative SPIN methods are investigated by means of several numerical examples. Comparison with widely-used alternate minimization is also performed and we show a reduction in the execution time up to a factor of 50. Moreover, we also demonstrate that this reduction grows even further with increasing problem size and larger loading increments.
Interpretation of the light curve of GeV-TeV emission from the 2021 outburst of the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi
Creators: name: Zheng, Jian-He
name: Huang, Yi-Yun
name: Zhang, Ze-Lin
name: Zhang, Hai-Ming
name: Liu, Ruo-Yu
name: Wang, Xiang-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nova outbursts take place in binary star systems comprising a white dwarf (WD) and either a low-mass Sun-like star (classical novae) or, a red giant. GeV gamma-ray emission has been detected from a dozen of classical novae and from one novae in symbiotic system (V407 Cyg) by Fermi-LAT. For classical novae, gamma-ray emission is generally thought to be related to internal shocks formed as fast outflow collides with the slow outflow. However, for V407 Cyg, the origin of the gamma-ray emission has been debated, as both internal shock and external shock, resulted from the collision between the nova ejecta and the ambient wind of the giant companion, were suggested to explain the gamma-ray data. Recently, bright GeV and TeV gamma-ray emission has been detected from a nova in symbiotic system, RS Ophiuchi, during its 2021 outburst, which shows a remarkably smooth power-law decay in time up to about one month after the outburst. We show that this temporal decay behavior can be interpreted as arising from an adiabatic external shock expanding in the red giant wind. In this interpretation, the gamma-rays are produced by shock-accelerated protons interacting with the dense wind through the hadronic process. We also derive the scaling relations for the decay slopes for both adiabatic and radiative nova shocks in the self-similar deceleration phase.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, Accepted, Comments are welcome
Estimating performance of Feynman's ratchet with limited information
Creators: name: Thomas, George
name: Johal, Ramandeep S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the performance of Feynman's ratchet at given values of the ratio of cold to hot reservoir temperatures ($θ$) and the figure of merit (efficiency in the case of engine and coefficienct of performance in the case of refrigerator). The latter implies that only the ratio of two intrinsic energy scales is known to the observer, but their exact values are completely uncertain. The prior probability distribution for the uncertain energy parameters is argued to be Jeffreys' prior. We define an average measure for performance of the model by averaging, over the prior distribution, the power output (heat engine) or the $χ$-criterion (refrigerator) which is the product of rate of heat absorbed from the cold reservoir and the coefficient of performance. We observe that the figure of merit, at optimal performance close to equilibrium, is reproduced by the prior-averaging procedure. Further, we obtain the well-known expressions of finite-time thermodynamics for the efficiency at optimal power and the coefficient of performance at optimal $χ$-criterion, given by $1-\sqrtθ$ and $1/\sqrt{1-θ}-1$ respectively. This analogy is explored further and we point out that the expected heat flow from and to the reservoirs, behaves as an effective Newtonian flow. We also show, in a class of quasi-static models of quantum heat engines, how CA efficiency emerges in asymptotic limit with the use of Jeffreys' prior.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures, derives CA efficiency in other models, major results unchanged. version accepted for J. Phys. A: Math. Theor
First-principles Landau-like potential for BiFeO$_3$ and related materials
Creators: name: Fedorova, Natalya S.
name: Nikonov, Dmitri E.
name: Li, Hai
name: Young, Ian A.
name: Íñiguez, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we introduce the simplest, lowest-order Landau-like potential for BiFeO$_3$ and La-doped BiFeO$_3$ as an expansion around the paraelectric cubic phase in powers of polarization, FeO$_6$ octahedral rotations and strains. We present an analytical approach for computing the model parameters from density functional theory. We illustrate our approach by computing the potentials for BiFeO$_3$ and La$_{0.25}$Bi$_{0.75}$FeO$_3$ and show that, overall, we are able to capture the first-principles results accurately. The computed models allow us to identify and explain the main interactions controlling the relative stability of the competing low-energy phases of these compounds.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Synthesis of new 1,2,3-triazolo-nucleoside analogues with 2-propargylamino pyrimidines via click reactions
Creators: name: Ay, Emriye
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: In this study, it was reported that twelve nucleoside analogues were synthesized by click reactions. The reactions were carried out between the azide derivatives of D-glucopyranose, D-galactopyranose, D-ribofuranose and 2-propargylamino pyrimidine derivatives (5 and 7) that are synthesized via a different route for the first time. In the first step, N-propargyl guanidine was obtained with the reaction of 1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamidine hydrochloride and propargyl amine, then condensation of N-propargyl guanidine and β-diketone (4 and 6) resulted in 2-propargylamino pyrimidines (5 and 7) for the first time in good yields (85%). Finally, click reactions were performed with azidosugars (8a-8f) and 2-propargylamino pyrimidine derivatives and produced twelve new nucleoside analogues in good yields. (9a-9f, 10a-10f, 65-73% yields). The chemical structures of the new derivatives were elucidated spectroscopic techniques, such as FT-IR, 1H NMR, 19F NMR, 13C NMR and TOF-ESI-MS.
On the Stability of the Repulsive Fermi Gas with Contact Interactions
Creators: name: Ji, Yunpeng
name: Schumacher, Grant L.
name: Assumpção, Gabriel G. T.
name: Chen, Jianyi
name: Mäkinen, Jere
name: Vivanco, Franklin J.
name: Navon, Nir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the creation and the study of the stability of a repulsive quasi-homogeneous spin-$1/2$ Fermi gas with contact interactions. For the range of scattering lengths $a$ explored, the dominant mechanism of decay is a universal three-body recombination towards a Feshbach bound state. We observe that the recombination coefficient $K_3\propto ε_\text{kin} a^6$, where the first factor, the average kinetic energy per particle $ε_\text{kin}$, arises from a three-body threshold law, and the second one from the universality of recombination. Both scaling laws are consequences of Pauli blocking effects in three-body collisions involving two identical fermions. As a result of the interplay between Fermi statistics and the momentum dependence of the recombination process, the system exhibits non-trivial temperature dynamics during recombination, alternatively heating or cooling depending on its initial quantum degeneracy. The measurement of $K_3$ provides an upper bound for the interaction strength achievable in equilibrium for a uniform repulsive Fermi gas.
Water-soluble nickel (II) Schiff base complexes: Synthesis, structural characterization, DNA binding affinity, DNA cleavage, cytotoxicity, and computational studies
Creators: name: Dehghani, Fatemeh Sadat
name: Kalantari, Razieh
name: Rastegari, Banafsheh
name: Asadi, Zahra
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Two water-soluble nickel (II) Schiff base complexes were prepared and their interaction with fish sperm DNA (FS-DNA) was investigated by various methods including UV–vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and viscometric measurements. Complex 1: [N,N′-bis{5-[(triphenyl phosphonium chloride)-methyl] salicylidine}-3,4-diaminobenzophenone]nickel(II) perchloride dihydrate: [Ni(5-CH2PPh3-3,4-salophen)] (ClO4)2.2 H2O was synthesized as a new complex and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV–vis spectroscopy. Complex 2: sodium [(N,N′-bis(5-sulfosalicyliden)-3, 4-diaminobenzophenone)aqua] nickel(II) hydrate: Na2[Ni (5-SO3-3,4-salbenz)(H2O)]. H2O was already synthesized by our research team, but in this study, its function as a DNA-binding compound was tested, and compared with the results of complex 1-DNA binding. The calculation of different constants using absorption and emission data, all confirmed the stronger binding ability of complex 1 than complex 2 with DNA. Different thermodynamic parameters showed the interactions between DNA and complexes were the type of hydrophobic interaction for complex 1 and electrostatic interaction for complex 2. Also, the negative values of free energy changes proved a spontaneous DNA binding process. Based on cell toxicity assay against two different cell lines including Jurkat and MCF-7, the effect of complex 1 was comparable to cisplatin, and the toxicity mechanism was further justified by bright field microscopy, flow cytometry, and cleavage of DNA in the presence of H2O2. Besides, the docking calculations suggested intercalation after measuring the lowest-energy between the complexes and DNA. For both complexes, all analytical, spectroscopic, and molecular modeling methods supported partial intercalation as the main binding mode between the complexes and DNA.
Towards sustainable research software
Creators: name: Katz, Daniel S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Abstract: Humanity has a mix of overlapping goals that relate to science (and more broadly, wissenschaft). We seek new knowledge for its own purpose as well as for its potential solution to both detailed and general problems, situations, and crises. And we want to be able to verify (or disprove) such knowledge (reproducibility), then build on it (reuse), as simply and as cost-effectively as possible. This knowledge can be captured in text, images, data, software, etc. In this talk, I will focus on knowledge captured in research software, which can be both read, executed, and extended. However, software, unlike data, requires ongoing human activity to fix bugs and to adapt to frequent changes in the software and hardware environment on which it depends, as well as changing user needs. This required human activity leads to different models of software sustainability, including a mix of open source communities, industrial or government support, and commercialization, some of which are also tied to different distribution mechanisms, such as source code, executables, containers, and services. This leads to a number of overlapping challenges and corresponding efforts, including making research software FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable), publishable, and citable, as well as considering how to support the human effort needed to maintain and sustain the software, including incentives and career paths. This talk will highlight some recent activities in these areas, including FAIR for research software principles, software citation, the Journal of Open Source Software, and software career paths.
Design of an arrangement of cubic magnets for a quasi-axisymmetric stellarator experiment
Creators: name: Hammond, K. C.
name: Zhu, C.
name: Corrigan, K.
name: Gates, D. A.
name: Lown, R.
name: Mercurio, R.
name: Qian, T. M.
name: Zarnstorff, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The usage of permanent magnets to shape the confining magnetic field of a stellarator has the potential to reduce or eliminate the need for non-planar coils. As a proof-of-concept for this idea, we have developed a procedure for designing an array of cubic permanent magnets that works in tandem with a set of toroidal-field coils to confine a stellarator plasma. All of the magnets in the design are constrained to have identical geometry and one of three polarization types in order to simplify fabrication while still producing sufficient field accuracy. We present some of the key steps leading to the design, including the geometric arrangement of the magnets around the device, the procedure for optimizing the polarizations according to the three allowable magnet types, and the choice of magnet types to be used. We apply these methods to design an array of rare-Earth permanent magnets that can be paired with a set of planar toroidal-field coils to confine a quasi-axisymmetric plasma with a toroidal magnetic field strength of about 0.5 T on axis.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures
Charged Pion Production in $ν_μ$ Interactions on Hydrocarbon at $\langle E_ν\rangle$= 4.0 GeV
Creators: name: Eberly, B.
name: Aliaga, L.
name: Altinok, O.
name: Sazo, M. G. Barrios
name: Bellantoni, L.
name: Betancourt, M.
name: Bodek, A.
name: Bravar, A.
name: Budd, H.
name: Bustamante, M. J.
name: Butkevich, A.
name: Caicedo, D. A. Martinez
name: Carneiro, M. F.
name: Christy, M. E.
name: Chvojka, J.
name: da Motta, H.
name: Datta, M.
name: Devan, J.
name: Dytman, S. A.
name: Díaz, G. A.
name: Felix, J.
name: Fields, L.
name: Fine, R.
name: Fiorentini, G. A.
name: Gago, A. M.
name: Galindo, R.
name: Gallagher, H.
name: Golan, T.
name: Gran, R.
name: Harris, D. A.
name: Higuera, A.
name: Hurtado, K.
name: Kafka, T.
name: Kleykamp, J.
name: Kordosky, M.
name: Le, T.
name: Maher, E.
name: Manly, S.
name: Mann, W. A.
name: Marshall, C. M.
name: McFarland, K. S.
name: McGivern, C. L.
name: McGowan, A. M.
name: Messerly, B.
name: Miller, J.
name: Mislivec, A.
name: Morfín, J. G.
name: Mousseau, J.
name: Muhlbeier, T.
name: Naples, D.
name: Nelson, J. K.
name: Norrick, A.
name: Osta, J.
name: Palomino, J. L.
name: Paolone, V.
name: Park, J.
name: Patrick, C. E.
name: Perdue, G. N.
name: Rakotondravohitra, L.
name: Ramirez, M. A.
name: Ransome, R. D.
name: Ray, H.
name: Ren, L.
name: Rodrigues, P. A.
name: Ruterbories, D.
name: Salazar, G.
name: Schellman, H.
name: Schmitz, D. W.
name: Simon, C.
name: Sobczyk, J. T.
name: Salinas, C. J. Solano
name: Tagg, N.
name: Tice, B. G.
name: Valencia, E.
name: Walton, T.
name: Wolcott, J.
name: Wospakrik, M.
name: Zavala, G.
name: Zegarra, A.
name: Zhang, D.
name: Ziemer, B. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charged pion production via charged current $ν_μ$ interactions on plastic (CH) is studied using the MINERvA detector exposed to the NuMI wideband neutrino beam at Fermilab. Events with hadronic invariant mass W $
description: 23 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to Physical Review D
КОНЦЕПЦИЯ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ ОСОЗНАВАЕМЫХ И НЕОСОЗНАВАЕМЫХ КОМПОНЕНТОВ ПСИХИКИ В РАБОТАХ НАУЧНОЙ ШКОЛЫ И.Е. ШВАРЦА: ВЗГЛЯД ИЗ XXI ВЕКА
Creators: name: Похмелкина Галина Федоровна
Publisher: name: Вестник Пермского государственного гуманитарно-педагогического университета. Серия № 1. Психологические и педагогические науки
Year: 2019
Subjects: неосознаваемое (бессознательное)
суггестивная педагогика
метод внушения
психогигиена
самовнушение
саморегуляция

description: Идеи и концепции научной школы И.Е. Шварца в социально-политическом контексте системы образования 60–80-х гг. ХХ в. породили несколько методов и новых направлений в практике обучения и воспитания. В основе методов направленного внушения – концепция взаимосвязи осознаваемого и неосознаваемого компонентов психики. Изменения последних 30–50 лет в разных областях человекознания требуют переоценки достижений научной школы 1960–80-х гг. Их развитие в новом социально-историческом контексте может быть проанализировано и описано с привлечением современных достижений гуманитарного знания. Этим можно обеспечить перспективы широкого практического применения как в контексте педагогики, так и в практике психологической помощи человеку.
ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИДЕИ И.Е. ШВАРЦА В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ТЕОРИИ И ПРАКТИКЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Creators: name: Санникова Анна Илларионовна
Publisher: name: Вестник Пермского государственного гуманитарно-педагогического университета. Серия № 1. Психологические и педагогические науки
Year: 2019
Subjects: парадоксы Шварца
внушение в педагогическом процессе
механизмы педагогической деятельности
субъектность
саморазвитие
психологический климат социальной группы
готовность личности к реализации своего творческого потенциала.

description: Освещаются вопросы современной образовательной практики в свете концепции взаимосвязи осознаваемых и неосознаваемых компонентов психики, предложенной основателем пермской школы суггестивной педагогики И.Е. Шварцем.
The radio signal of PSR B0950+08 is detected over the whole pulse phase
Creators: name: Wang, Zhengli
name: Lu, Jiguang
name: Jiang, Jinchen
name: Lin, Jie
name: Lee, Kejia
name: Liang, Enwei
name: Xu, Renxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulsars are the "lighthouses" in the universe. Periodic pulses with the duty-cycle ~10% are detected when the radio beam of the rotating pulsar sweeps across the telescope. In this report, the 160 min-data of a nearby pulsar, PSR B0950+08, observed with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) is analysed. Thanks to the extremely high sensitivity of FAST, it is found that the radiation of PSR B0950+08 could be detected over the entire pulse period. To investigate the radiative characteristics of the pulsar' "bridge emission", a function, $Θ$(n), is defined to reveal the weak radiation there. It is suggested that the narrow peaks of both the main and the inter pulses could be radiated at low altitude, while other weak emission (e.g., the "bridges") from upper magnetosphere though its radiative mechanism is still a matter of debate. The measured mean pulse behaviors are consistent with previous results in the phase of strong emission of this pulsar, and both the frequency-independent separation between the inter-pulse and main pulse and the narrow pulse width may support a double-pole model. In order to understand the magnetospheric geometry of this pulsar, further polarization calibrated observation with FAST and a proper determination of the baseline emission, especially during the weak emission phase, are surely required.
description: Submitted to MNRAS, revised version
ОПЕРЕЖАЯ ВРЕМЯ: И.Е. ШВАРЦ В СТАНОВЛЕНИИ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ПРАКТИКО-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА
Creators: name: Рябухин Владимир Владимирович
Publisher: name: Вестник Пермского государственного гуманитарно-педагогического университета. Серия № 1. Психологические и педагогические науки
Year: 2019
Subjects: эмоциональный интеллект
управленческий труд
производительность педагогического труда

description: Рассматривается один из первых опытов исследования эмоционального интеллекта в связи с эффективностью управленческого труда руководителя образовательной организации. Анализируется взаимосвязь эмоционального интеллекта и производительности труда как параметра управленческой деятельности педагога.
Electrical breakdown in Thick-GEM based WELL detectors
Creators: name: Jash, Abhik
name: Moleri, Luca
name: Bressler, Shikma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The occurrence of electrical discharges in gas detectors restricts their dynamic range and degrades their performance. Among the different methods developed to mitigate discharge effects, the use of resistive materials in the detector assembly was found to be very effective. In this work, we present the results of a comparative study of electrical discharges in Thick-GEM-based WELL-type detectors - with and without resistive elements. We present a new method to measure discharges in the resistive-detector configurations; it allows demonstrating, for the first time, the occurrence of discharges also in the Resistive-Plate WELL detector configuration. It also provides direct evidence for the Raether limit.
ПАРАДИГМАЛЬНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ЦЕННОСТНО-СМЫСЛОВЫМ ОСНОВАМ ЗДОРОВЬЯ И ИНКЛЮЗИВНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Creators: name: Шарова Людмила Васильевна
Publisher: name: Вестник Пермского государственного гуманитарно-педагогического университета. Серия № 1. Психологические и педагогические науки
Year: 2019
Subjects: инклюзивное образование
здоровье
старость
коррекционно-реабилитационная помощь

description: Рассматривается ведущая роль системы образования, ориентированной на формирование здорового образа жизни как приоритетной задачи, при решении проблем здоровьесбережения в современном обществе. Здоровый образ жизни является педагогически зависимым фактором не только для здоровых лиц, но и для лиц с ограниченными возможностями здоровья (ОВЗ). Инклюзивное образование – возможность для школьников с ОВЗ обучаться в общеобразовательных школах. Использование модели для построения учебного процесса для учащихся позволит посмотреть на учебный процесс студентов с ОВЗ с точки зрения эмерджентной педагогики. Итак, инклюзивное образование: миф или реальность?
On base point free theorem for log canonical threefolds over the algebraic closure of a finite field
Creators: name: Martinelli, Diletta
name: Nakamura, Yusuke
name: Witaszek, Jakub
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove the base point free theorem for big line bundles on a three-dimensional log canonical projective pair defined over the algebraic closure of a finite field.
description: 20 pages. This is the final version, incorporating the referee's suggestions