cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Search for lepton flavour violating decays of the Higgs boson to $μτ$ and e$τ$ in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for lepton flavour violating decays of the Higgs boson in the $μτ$ and e$τ$ decay modes is presented. The search is based on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions collected with the CMS detector in 2016, at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. No significant excess over the standard model expectation is observed. The observed (expected) upper limits on the lepton flavour violating branching fractions of the Higgs boson are $\mathcal{B}$(H$\toμτ$) < 0.25% (0.25%) and $\mathcal{B}$(H$\to$e$τ$) < 0.61% (0.37%), at 95% confidence level. These results are used to derive upper limits on the off-diagonal $μτ$ and e$τ$ Yukawa couplings $\sqrt{|{Y_{μτ}}|^{2}+|{Y_{τμ}}|^{2}} < 1.43 \times 10^{-3}$ and $\sqrt{|{Y_{\mathrm{e}τ}}|^{2}+|{Y_{τ\mathrm{e}}}|^{2}} < 2.26 \times 10^{-3}$ at 95% confidence level. The limits on the lepton flavour violating branching fractions of the Higgs boson and on the associated Yukawa couplings are the most stringent to date.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIG-17-001 (CMS Public Pages)
Mama
Creators: name: Chirkova, Katia
Publisher: name: COCOON - https://cocoon.huma-num.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ersu
subject: ers

description: 尔苏语歌曲。妈妈。
description: Conforms to: doi:10.34847/cocoon.49aefa90-8c1f-3ba8-a099-0ebefc6a2aa7
First principles of modelling the stabilization of microturbulence by fast ions
Creators: name: Wilkie, George J.
name: Iantchenko, Aylwin
name: Abel, Ian G.
name: Highcock, Edmund
name: Pusztai, Istvan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation that fast ions stabilize ion-temperature-gradient-driven microturbulence has profound implications for future fusion reactors. It is also important in optimizing the performance of present-day devices. In this work, we examine in detail the phenomenology of fast ion stabilization and present a reduced model which describes this effect. This model is derived from the high-energy limit of the gyrokinetic equation and extends the existing "dilution" model to account for nontrivial fast ion kinetics. Our model provides a physically-transparent explanation for the observed stabilization and makes several key qualitative predictions. Firstly, that different classes of fast ions, depending on their radial density or temperature variation, have different stabilizing properties. Secondly, that zonal flows are an important ingredient in this effect precisely because the fast ion zonal response is negligible. Finally, that in the limit of highly-energetic fast ions, their response approaches that of the "dilution" model; in particular, alpha particles are expected to have little, if any, stabilizing effect on plasma turbulence. We support these conclusions through detailed linear and nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables
Naya ggasu asi
Creators: name: Chirkova, Katia
Publisher: name: COCOON - https://cocoon.huma-num.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ersu
subject: ers

description: 尔苏语歌曲。喜欢你的人只有我。
description: Conforms to: doi:10.34847/cocoon.49aefa90-8c1f-3ba8-a099-0ebefc6a2aa7
Hochwasserereignisse in Monsungebieten
Creators: name: Zimmermann-Timm, Heike
name: Dhimal, Meghnath
name: Zickfeld, Kirsten
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: Flood events, monsoon regions, Southeast Asia, regions affected by flood, region at risk of earthquakes, densely populated, sustainable solutions

description: Hochwasserereignisse in den Monsungebieten: Hochwasserereignisse in den Monsungebieten Südostasiens sind sehr komplex und basieren auf einer Kombination globaler, regionaler und lokaler Faktoren, die in Raum und Zeit aufeinandertreffen und damit die Auswirkungen verstärken. Betroffen von diesen Ereignissen sind oft Gebiete, die nur wenige Meter über dem Meeresspiegel liegen und somit in besonderem Maße exponiert sind und die zudem in einem von Erdbeben gefährdeten und gestalteten Gebiet liegen. Überwiegend sind diese Flächen dicht besiedelt mit einer Bevölkerung, die über ein geringes Bildungsniveau vefügt, überwiegend in der Landwirtschaft tätig ist und kaum technologische Kapazitäten einer Anpassung besitzt. Es braucht die Integration von Wissen, auf allen räumlichen Skalen, unter Einbeziehung der betroffenen Bevölkerung, um nachhaltige Lösungen zu entwickeln. Deren Finanzierung stellt eine weitere Herausforderung dar, die über kurzfristige Hilfe, anlässlich der Katastrophenmeldung in den Medien zur Hochwasserzeit, in den Monsungebieten hinausgehen sollte. Flood events in the monsoon regions: Flood events in the monsoon regions of Southeast Asia are very complex and based on a combination of global, regional and local factors, which overlap in space and time, thereby intensifying the effects. The regions affected by flood events are those that are particularly exposed due to their low-lying geographical location in addition to being situated in a region at risk of earthquakes. Moreover, these areas are densely populated, have a low level of education, a high fraction of the population making a living from agriculture as well as very low technological capacities to adapt. To develop sustainable solutions, it is necessary to integrate knowledge on all spatial scales, while involving the affected population. A further challenge is obtaining financing for these solutions, which should go beyond the short-term help occasioned by catastrophe reports in the media during flooding in the monsoon regions.
Assessing Adolescent Decision-Making Competence
Creators: name: Fischhoff, Baruch
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: 170202 Decision Making
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Behavioral decision research offers a general approach to studying cognitive aspects of decision making, as well as a platform for studying their interplay with social and affective processes. Applied to any decision, behavioral decision research involves three interrelated tasks: (a) normative analysis, identifying the expected impacts of possible choices; (b) descriptive study, characterizing how individuals view the decision, in terms comparable to the normative analysis; and (c) prescriptive interventions, helping people to bridge critical gaps in their understanding. Applied to adolescents’ decisions, behavioral decision research provides analytical and empirical procedures for clarifying the challenges that young people face and their success in addressing them. It recognizes that competence varies by individual and by decision, leading to domain-specific policies and interventions, affording teens as much autonomy as they can manage
Sinyi gena sizzho
Creators: name: Chirkova, Katia
Publisher: name: COCOON - https://cocoon.huma-num.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ersu
subject: ers

description: 尔苏语歌曲。喜欢你的人只有我。
description: Conforms to: doi:10.34847/cocoon.49aefa90-8c1f-3ba8-a099-0ebefc6a2aa7
Explaining the DAMPE data with scalar dark matter and gauged $U(1)_{L_e-L_μ}$ interaction
Creators: name: Cao, Junjie
name: Feng, Lei
name: Guo, Xiaofei
name: Shang, Liangliang
name: Wang, Fei
name: Wu, Peiwen
name: Zu, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by the peak structure observed by recent DAMPE experiment in $e^+e^-$ cosmic-ray spectrum, we consider a scalar dark matter (DM) model with gauged $U(1)_{L_e-L_μ}$ symmetry, which is the most economical anomaly-free theory to potentially explain the peak by DM annihilation in nearby subhalo. We utilize the process $χχ\to Z^\prime Z^\prime \to l \bar{l} l^\prime \bar{l}^\prime$, where $χ$, $Z^\prime$, $l^{(\prime)}$ denote the scalar DM, the new gauge boson and $l^{(\prime)} =e, μ$, respectively, to generate the $e^+e^-$ spectrum. By fitting the predicted spectrum to the experimental data, we obtain the favored DM mass range $m_χ\simeq 3060^{+80}_{-100} \, {\rm GeV}$ and $Δm \equiv m_χ- m_{Z^\prime} \lesssim 14 \, {\rm GeV}$ at $68\%$ Confidence Level (C.L.). Furthermore, we determine the parameter space of the model which can explain the peak and meanwhile satisfy the constraints from DM relic abundance, DM direct detection and the collider bounds. We conclude that the model we consider can account for the peak, although there exists a tension with the constraints from the LEP-II bound on $m_{Z^\prime}$ arising from the cross section measurement of $e^+e^- \to Z^{\prime\ast} \to e^+ e^-$.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
China: jedes Jahr Flutkatastrophen
Creators: name: Kron, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: China regularly floods, China's devastating floods 1998, Yangtze and Songhua Rivers, flood control, 2016 extraordinary flooding again.

description: China: jedes Jahr Flutkatastrophen: Wie kaum ein anderes Land hat China in den vergangenen Jahrhunderten fast regelmäßig katastrophale Hochwasserereignisse erlitten, bei denen manchmal hunderttausende starben. Kein Jahr vergeht ohne große Überschwemmungen. Auch im neuen Jahrtausend gab es schon Hochwasserkatastrophen, doch scheinen die Konsequenzen weniger dramatisch zu sein als früher. Chinas letzte verheerende Flut ereignete sich 1998, als die Ströme Jangtse und Songhua ganze Regionen wochenlang in Atem hielten. Zwar werden in China nach wie vor Flüsse in enge Verläufe gezwängt und riesige Flächen versiegelt, aber es gab in den letzten zwanzig Jahren auch große Anstrengungen beim Hochwasserschutz. Zudem zeigte sich die Natur eine Weile nicht von ihrer extremsten Seite. Zumindest bis zum Jahr 2016, als es wieder zu außergewöhnlichen Überschwemmungen kam. China: every year flood disasters: China, like hardly any other country in the world, has almost regularly suffered from catastrophic floods over the past centuries claiming sometimes the lives of hundreds of thousands of people. No year passed without a major flood. There have been flood disasters in the new millennium as well, but the consequences seem to have been less dramatic than previously. China’s last devastating floods happened in 1998, when the Yangtze and Songhua Rivers kept whole regions in suspense for weeks on end. Today, rivers are still not spared from being constrained and urban areas from being sealed, but there were also great efforts in the past 20 years with respect to flood control and protection. Also, nature took a break in producing outrageous extremes – until 2016. Then, extraordinary flooding occurred again.
Are Knowledge Spillovers International or Intranational in Scope? Microeconometric Evidence from Japan and the United States
Creators: name: Branstetter, Lee
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: 170202 Decision Making
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: In this paper, I provide new estimates of the relative impact of intranational and international knowledge spillovers on innovation and productivity at the firm level, using previously unexploited panel data from the U.S. and Japan. My estimates suggest that knowledge spillovers are primarily intranational in scope, providing empirical confirmation of an important assumption in much of the theoretical literature. The implications of this finding are discussed in the conclusion.
Sinyi te nyonyo
Creators: name: Chirkova, Katia
Publisher: name: COCOON - https://cocoon.huma-num.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ersu
subject: ers

description: 尔苏语歌曲。喜欢你的人只有我。
description: Conforms to: doi:10.34847/cocoon.49aefa90-8c1f-3ba8-a099-0ebefc6a2aa7
Blast mitigation and design of laminated glass facades
Creators: name: Samieian, Mohammad Amin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Laminated glass is an essential component for any building designed against blast loading. A polymer interlayer is sandwiched between glass layers in order to keep the cracked glass fragments intact. In successful design, the interlayer deforms and absorbs the blast load without tearing. A novel testing method was developed to capture the bending response of laminated glass under high rate uniform loading. Specimens with a dimension of 700 mm x 60 mm were tested. It was found that the failure mechanism of the laminated glass is controlled by the thickness of the interlayer. In addition, a new framing arrangement was tested which showed that the load on the laminated glass can be reduced by increasing the energy absorbing capacities within the frame. By allowing the frame to purposefully deform under loading, the chances of failure of the laminated glass are reduced. Tensile tests were conducted on cracked laminated glass in the temperature range of 0◦C−60◦C. Single-cracked and randomly-cracked specimens were tested. It was found that the optimum temperature for the greatest energy absorption of the cracked laminated varies between 10◦C − 40◦C depending on the interlayer thickness. The single-cracked results were further expanded to calculate a bond fracture toughness for the separation of the interlayer from the glass. A finite element model was developed to simulate the bond separation between the glass and the interlayer at different testing-rates and temperatures. It was found that the bond is testing-rate dependent in the range of 0.01 /s − 200 /s, but temperature independent in the range of 20◦C − 60◦C. The single-degree-of-freedom model is conventionally used for predicting the response of a laminated glass pane subject to blast loading. The single-degree-of- freedom model includes mass and load transformation factors, which vary with the deflected shape of the structure. In this thesis a finite element model was used to derive the deflected shapes and transformation factors for a range of loading conditions, boundary conditions and pane aspect ratios. The time-varying deflected shape was taken into account in this analysis, as this is currently not included in other single-degree-of-freedom models. The transformation factors were found to be insensitive to aspect ratio. In addition, at high loading rates, the deflected shape–time history proved to be important.
Fast Partition-Based Cross-Validation With Centering and Scaling for $\mathbf{X}^\mathbf{T}\mathbf{X}$ and $\mathbf{X}^\mathbf{T}\mathbf{Y}$
Creators: name: Engstrøm, Ole-Christian Galbo
name: Jensen, Martin Holm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present algorithms that substantially accelerate partition-based cross-validation for machine learning models that require matrix products $\mathbf{X}^\mathbf{T}\mathbf{X}$ and $\mathbf{X}^\mathbf{T}\mathbf{Y}$. Our algorithms have applications in model selection for, for example, principal component analysis (PCA), principal component regression (PCR), ridge regression (RR), ordinary least squares (OLS), and partial least squares (PLS). Our algorithms support all combinations of column-wise centering and scaling of $\mathbf{X}$ and $\mathbf{Y}$, and we demonstrate in our accompanying implementation that this adds only a manageable, practical constant over efficient variants without preprocessing. We prove the correctness of our algorithms under a fold-based partitioning scheme and show that the running time is independent of the number of folds; that is, they have the same time complexity as that of computing $\mathbf{X}^\mathbf{T}\mathbf{X}$ and $\mathbf{X}^\mathbf{T}\mathbf{Y}$ and space complexity equivalent to storing $\mathbf{X}$, $\mathbf{Y}$, $\mathbf{X}^\mathbf{T}\mathbf{X}$, and $\mathbf{X}^\mathbf{T}\mathbf{Y}$. Importantly, unlike alternatives found in the literature, we avoid data leakage due to preprocessing. We achieve these results by eliminating redundant computations in the overlap between training partitions. Concretely, we show how to manipulate $\mathbf{X}^\mathbf{T}\mathbf{X}$ and $\mathbf{X}^\mathbf{T}\mathbf{Y}$ using only samples from the validation partition to obtain the preprocessed training partition-wise $\mathbf{X}^\mathbf{T}\mathbf{X}$ and $\mathbf{X}^\mathbf{T}\mathbf{Y}$. To our knowledge, we are the first to derive correct and efficient cross-validation algorithms for any of the $16$ combinations of column-wise centering and scaling, for which we also prove only $12$ give distinct matrix products.
description: This version matches the published article in Journal of Chemometrics, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cem.70008
Biorenewable value chain optimisation with multi-layered value chains and advanced analytics
Creators: name: Panteli, Anna
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: A crucial element of the quest of curbing carbon dioxide emissions is deemed to rely on a biobased economy, which will rely on the development of economically and environmentally sustainable biorefining systems enabling a full exploitation of lignocellulosic biomass (and its macrocomponents such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) for the co-production of biofuels and bioderived platform chemicals. The thesis aims to develop comprehensive modelling frameworks to provide, through optimisation techniques, holistic decision-making regarding the strategic design and systematic planning of advanced biorefining supply chain networks. Therefore, the modelling of the entire value chain behaviour, involving both upstream and downstream aspects within a temporal and geographical context, is of great importance in this study. A deterministic, spatially explicit, multi-echelon and multi-period Mixed Integer Linear Programming prototype modelling framework is developed for the identification of profitably optimal strategic and operating decisions regarding a full supply chain system, integrated with a technology superstructure of multiple biomass feedstocks, bioproducts and processing portfolios. The potential dimensionality reduction of the resulting large-scale optimisation problem is explored by utilising a bilevel decomposition algorithm. The financial sustainability of such biobased supply chains is further analysed through two-stage stochastic optimisation and risk management models, incorporating biomass cultivation yield uncertainties and expected downside risk, respectively. Finally, greenhouse gas emission factors are added to the prototype modelling approach through a multi-objective optimisation scheme to steer decision-making on biorefining supply chain systems under both economic and environmental criteria, comparing two different solution procedures. The developed models are applied to a Hungarian case study of lignocellulosic biorefining production systems. An additional case study in a Southeastern Romanian region and Marseille, regarding a first-generation biorefining supply chain for the production of castor oil, is undertaken to further examine the compatibility and efficiency of the generic deterministic model.
Anomalies in Intertemporal Choice: Evidence and an Interpretation
Creators: name: Loewenstein, George
name: Drazen  Prelec
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: 170202 Decision Making
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Research on decision making under uncertainty has been strongly influenced by the documentation of numerous expected utility (EU) anomalies-behaviors that violate the expected utility axioms. The relative lack of progress on the closely related topic of intertemporal choice is partly due to the absence ofan analogous set of discounted utility (DU) anomalies. We enumerate a set of DU anomalies analogous to the EU anomalies and propose a model that accounts for the anomalies, as well as other intertemporal choice phenomena incompatible with DU. We discuss implications for savings behavior, estimation of discount rates, and choice framing effects.
Neue Erkenntnisse über El-Niño und La-Niña
Creators: name: Latif, Mojib
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: El Niño, La Niña, Niño/Southern Oscillation, ENSO, anomalous sea surface temperatures, tropical east & central Pacific, global ecological or economical consequences, ENSO predictability

description: Neue Erkenntnisse über El-Niño und La-Niña: El Niño und La Niña Ereignisse sind die beiden Extreme einer Klimaschaukel, die man als El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) bezeichnet. Das bekannteste Merkmal von El Niño und La Niña Ereignissen sind außergewöhnliche Meeresoberflächentemperaturen im tropischen Ost- und Zentralpazifik, die im Rhythmus von etwa vier Jahren wiederkehren, ungefähr ein Jahr lang anhalten und weltweite Auswirkungen besitzen. Diese können klimatischer, ökologischer oder ökonomischer Art sein. ENSO ist ein wichtiges Forschungsthema an vielen wissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen. Was wissen wir über die ENSO zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen? Wo bestehen Wissenslücken? Und was limitiert die Vorhersagbarkeit von ENSO? New Insights into El Niño und La Niña: El Niño und La Niña events are the extremes of a climate oscillation which is termed the Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The most prominent feature of El Niño und La Niña events are anomalous sea surface temperatures over the tropical east and central Pacific, which on average recur every four years, last for about one year and have global consequences. The latter can be climatic, ecological or economical in nature. ENSO is a major research theme at many scientific institutions. What do we know about the mechanisms governing ENSO? Which knowledge gaps exist? And what limits ENSO predictability?
Hardy's paradox according to non-classical semantics
Creators: name: Bolotin, Arkady
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the paper, using the language of spin-half particles, Hardy's paradox is examined within different semantics: a partial one, a many-valued one, and one defined as a set of weak values of projection operators. As it is shown in this paper, any of such non-classical semantics can resolve Hardy's paradox.
description: This is a pre-print of an article published in Journal of Mathematical Physics. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5023788
Hochwasserrisiken und Klimawandel in Europa
Creators: name: Kundzewicz, Zbigniew W.
name: Hattermann, Fred F.
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: climate change & hydrological extremes, extreme floods, rare events, flood & losses increase, Hydrological models, separate effects of climate trends, changes in land use, trend caused by climate

description: Hochwasserrisiken und Klimawandel in Europa: Die Folgen des Klimawandels für hydrologische Extreme gehören zu den in der Öffentlichkeit am meisten diskutierten Klimarisiken in Deutschland. Tatsächlich ist es aber schwierig, in beobachteten Zeitreihen schon robuste Trends zu entdecken, da extreme Hochwasser seltene Ereignisse und für eine robuste Abschätzung die Zeitreihen oft zu kurz sind. Mit fortschreitendem Anstieg der Temperatur projizieren modellgestützte Hochwasseranalysen aber einen Anstieg der Hochwasserschäden in Deutschland. Hydrologische Modelle können dabei genutzt werden, um die reinen Auswirkungen des Klimatrends auf die Hochwasserentstehung von anderen Einflussfaktoren, wie z.B. von Änderungen in der Landnutzung oder in der Wasserbewirtschaftung, zu trennen. So sind die höchsten beobachteten winterlichen Abflüsse in Deutschland im Zeitraum 1951-2002 in einigen großen Flüssen um ca. ein Drittel gestiegen, wobei eine Modellanalyse zeigt, dass dieser Trend größtenteils durch Klimatrends hervorgerufen wurde. Flood risks and climate change in Europe: The consequences of climate change for hydrological extremes are among the most widely discussed climate risks in Germany. In fact, it is difficult to discover robust trends in observed time series, since extreme floods are rare events and for a robust estimation the time series are often too short. Model-based flood analyses, however, show that flood related losses increase in Germany with advancing rise in temperature. Hydrological models can be used to separate the pure effects of climate trends on flood generation from other influencing factors, such as changes in land use or water management. For example, the highest observed winter discharges in the period 1951-2002 in Germany have risen by approximately one-third in some large rivers, and a model analysis shows that this trend was largely caused by climate trends.
Investigating the regulation of WIPI2b function at the phagophore by phosphorylation in starvation-induced autophagy
Creators: name: Gubas, Andrea
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Macroautophagy, here referred to as autophagy, is an intracellular degradation pathway cells use to maintain their homeostasis. Autophagy is also required for cell survival during nutrient deprivation, as well as development and immunity in higher eukaryotes. Aberrations in autophagy can lead to pathologies including cancer, neurodegeneration and diabetes. Autophagy is characterised by the formation of a double membrane phagophore, which sequesters cytosolic cargo and forms a vesicle termed an autophagosome. The autophagosome eventually fuses with the lysosome, resulting in the degradation of the cytosolic cargo. Although autophagosome formation is orchestrated by the sequential action of the core autophagy proteins, a key question remains – what gives rise to a double membrane phagophore? The key event in phagophore biogenesis is the production of PI3P at the phagophore formation sites. WIPI2b, a PI3P effector protein, directly interacts with ATG16L1 and is recruited to the omegasomes, which is the basis for LC3 recruitment to the forming phagophore. To address how the function of WIPI2b at the phagophore is regulated, I focused on phosphorylation, as there have been reports about potential phosphorylation sites on WIPI2b. I confirmed an interactive relationship between WIPI2b and ULK1 that was reported previously and identified a number of phosphorylation sites on WIPI2b upon overexpression of ULK1 kinase. I found that phospho-mutants of WIPI2b S68 exhibit reduced interaction with ATG16L1 and WIPI4. I generated and characterised a WIPI2 CRISPR knockout cell line and found that WIPI2b S68 phospho-mutants are unable to rescue LC3 lipidation in WIPI2 CRISPR knockout cells. I also found that WIPI2b S284 phosphorylation is important for the regulation of WIPI2b association with membranes. I propose WIPI2b phosphorylation by ULK1 provides a feedback loop during autophagy to control the amount of functional WIPI2b at phagophores and therefore allows phagophore elongation.
Two brothers 1
Creators: name: Chirkova, Katia
Publisher: name: COCOON - https://cocoon.huma-num.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ersu
subject: ers
subject: Histoire folklorique
subject: Frères et soeurs
valueUri: ark:/12148/cb11965628b
subject: Les deux frères

description: 王志友讲述两弟兄的民间故事。
description: Conforms to: doi:10.34847/cocoon.49aefa90-8c1f-3ba8-a099-0ebefc6a2aa7
Enhanced upconversion photoluminescence by novel plasmonic structures
Creators: name: Qin, Heng
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: The emerging field of plasmon-enhanced upconversion photoluminescence has a significant impact on a variety of technologies, including high-efficiency solar energy systems and biotechnology. To date, the upconversion efficiency of best reported rare-earth doped upconversion nanoparticles cannot meet the requirements of practical utilizations in these fields. Therefore, it is of great significance to find new approaches for the enhancement of upconversion efficiency. This thesis mainly aims to explore the enhanced upconversion photoluminescence by several novel plasmonic nanostructures. In this PhD work, I first studied the properties of rare-earth doped upconversion nanomaterials, which are capable of the spectral conversion of the otherwise lost sub-band-gap photons from the solar spectrum. The extra Gd3+ ion doping strategy was introduced in the hydrothermal synthesis process, which can provide an approach to tune the geometry and upconversion efficiency of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). To achieve higher upconversion efficiency, advances in the experimental improvements in plasmon-enhanced upconversion photoluminescence (UCPL) efficiency are explored, by using Au mesoporous film, Au nanotriangle array or nanohole array substrates for the enhancement of upconversion photoluminescence. It is demonstrated that the best plasmonic nanostructures can achieve about 360 times UCPL enhancement. These experimental results demonstrated the great potential of the plasmonic effect for UCPL enhancement. Furthermore, a triplet-triplet annihilation based upconversion nanoparticles (TTA-UCNPs) were synthesized, which have much higher intrinsic upconversion efficiency than the rare-earth based upconversion nanoparticles. A plasmon-enhanced upconversion photoluminescence substrate was designed for high performance photocatalysis applications under solar simulator (AM 1.5 G) irradiation. Five times faster photocatalytic activity rate was achieved by this plasmonic/TTA-UCNPs/Au@TiO2 system, which demonstrates great value of plasmonic and upconversion mechanisms. The combination of excellent plasmonic substrate and high efficiency TTA-UCNPs makes it possible for the realization of industrial level applications of the plasmonic and upconversion in the photocatalytic field.
Analyzing Disaster Risks and Plans: An Avian Flu Example
Creators: name: Fischhoff, Baruch
name: Wändi  Bruine De Bruin
name: Güvenç, Ümit
name: Caruso, Denise
name: Brilliant, Larry
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: 170202 Decision Making
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Narrative approaches to analyzing risks seek to identify the variables critical to creating and controlling a risk, then to instantiate them in terms of coherent themes (e.g., organizational failure, strategic surprise). Computational approaches to analyzing risks seek to identify the same critical variables, then to instantiate them in terms of their probability. Disaster risk analysis faces complex, novel processes that strain the capabilities of both approaches. We propose an approach that integrates elements of each, relying on what we call structured scenarios and computable models. It is illustrated by framing the analysis of plans for a possible avian flu pandemic.
Universal classes near $\aleph_1$
Creators: name: Mazari-Armida, Marcos
name: Vasey, Sebastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03C48 (Primary), 03C45, 03C52, 03C55, 03C75 (Secondary)

description: Shelah has provided sufficient conditions for an $L_{ω_1, ω}$-sentence $ψ$ to have arbitrarily large models and for a Morley-like theorem to hold of $ψ$. These conditions involve structural and set-theoretic assumptions on all the $\aleph_n$'s. Using tools of Boney, Shelah, and the second author, we give assumptions on $\aleph_0$ and $\aleph_1$ which suffice when $ψ$ is restricted to be universal: $\mathbf{Theorem}$ Assume $2^{\aleph_{0}} < 2 ^{\aleph_{1}}$. Let $ψ$ be a universal $L_{ω_{1}, ω}$-sentence. - If $ψ$ is categorical in $\aleph_{0}$ and $1 \leq I(ψ, \aleph_{1}) < 2 ^{\aleph_{1}}$, then $ψ$ has arbitrarily large models and categoricity of $ψ$ in some uncountable cardinal implies categoricity of $ψ$ in all uncountable cardinals. - If $ψ$ is categorical in $\aleph_1$, then $ψ$ is categorical in all uncountable cardinals. The theorem generalizes to the framework of $L_{ω_1, ω}$-definable tame abstract elementary classes with primes.
description: 12 pages; Corrected typos; Rewrote part of the introduction
title: New Statistical Measures of the Lya Forest Spectra for Accurate Comparison to Theoretical Models
Creators: name: Miralda-Escude, J
name: Rauch, M
name: Sargent, WLW
name: Barlow, TA
name: Weinberg, DH
name: Hernquist, L
name: Katz, N
name: Cen, R
name: Ostriker, JP
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics and Astronomy

description: This is the pre-published version harvested from ArXiv.
description: We propose a new method of analysis for the \lya forest, namely to measure the 1-point and 2-point joint probability distribution of the transmitted flux. The results for a sample of seven observed quasars and from two simulations of structure formation are shown and compared. Statistically significant differences in the 2-point function between the results of the numerical simulations and the observations are easily found. The analysis we suggest is very simple to apply to observed data sets, and we discuss its superiority over the traditional Voigt-profile fitting algorithms for accurate comparison to the predictions of theoretical models.
title: Waves and Incidences
Creators: name: Yung, Po-Lam
Publisher: name: Mathematical Research Institute of Oberwolfach
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/001zbj766
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: The wave equation in Euclidean spaces describes many natural phenomena such as sound, light, or water waves. We explore how its solutions are related to the geometric problem of how long thin cylinders can intersect each other and discuss a related open problem.
description: Snapshots of modern mathematics from Oberwolfach;2024-01
Modern Hospitality
Creators: name: Conway, Kyle
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Hospitality
Modernity
Ontological security

description: This essay examines the roots of modern anxiety, in particular the loss of ontological security, in relation to people’s impulse and ability to practice hospitality. It argues that hospitality is rooted in paradoxical notions of reciprocity. Reciprocity cannot be imposed: demanding that a guest conform to a host’s expectations denatures the act of hospitality itself. At the same time, absolute hospitality, or the idea of opening our doors unconditionally, is risky. We make ourselves vulnerable at a time where we’re already haunted by the idea that however much we do, it might not be enough to keep us safe. This vulnerability, however, is valuable because it is risky: showing vulnerability can have a humanizing effect for the people to whom we let ourselves become vulnerable because it demonstrates trust.
Climate ambition on the rise
Creators: name: Positive Energy
name: Nanos Research
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Canada
Public Opinion
Energy Policy
Positive Energy
Climate Change
Renewables
OIl and Gas
Public Confidence

description: This (telephone and online) survey gauged views of 1000 Canadians on climate change and the necessary ambition of mitigation policies. The survey updates measurements taken in June 2020 and suggests that a growing percentage of Canadians say this is a good rather than a bad time to be ambitious about climate change.
Wechselwirkungen von Klima und Hydrologie
Creators: name: Hagemann, Stefan
name: Stacke, Tobias
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: land-atmosphere mechanisms, hydrology, climate models, coupling processes, climate-hydrology interactions, extreme rainfall events, anthropogenic land-use

description: Wechselwirkungen von Klima und Hydrologie: Zwischen Landoberfläche und Atmosphäre gibt es verschiedene Kopplungsmechanismen, die zu großräumigen Auswirkungen auf Klima und Hydrologie führen können. Einige von ihnen sind noch nicht ausreichend verstanden und auch in modernen Klimamodellen nur in vereinfachter Form vertreten. Die neueste Generation von Klimamodellen ermöglicht jedoch eine wesentlich bessere Berücksichtigung und Implementierung wichtiger Kopplungsprozesse. Daher geben wir im vorliegenden Kapitel einen Überblick über relevante Wechselwirkungen von Klima und Hydrologie, die potentiell die Entstehung extremer Niederschlagsereignisse beeinflussen können. Diese beinhalten die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Bodenfeuchte und Atmosphäre sowie die anthropogene Landnutzung und insbesondere die Bewässerung, von der gezeigt wurde, dass sie sogar entfernte Regionen beeinflussen kann. An dieser Stelle präsentieren wir einen Überblick über den aktuellen Wissensstand in Verbindung mit einigen beispielhaften Studien aus einer großräumigen Perspektive. Daher konzentrieren wir uns auf die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Klima und Hydrologie, die auf Skalen relevant sind, die in aktuellen oder bevorstehenden globalen und regionalen Klimamodellstudien verwendet werden. Climate Hydrology Interactions: Various land-atmosphere coupling mechanisms exist that may lead to large-scale impacts on climate and hydrology. Some of them are still poorly understood and not adequately represented in state of the art climate modelling. But as the current generation of climate models enables consideration and implementation of important coupling processes, the present study provides an overview on relevant climate-hydrology interactions that potentially may influence the generation of extreme rainfall events. These comprise soil moisture – atmosphere interactions as well as anthropogenic land use and especially irrigation, which has been shown to even affect remote regions. Here, we present a review of current knowledge combined with some exemplary studies from a large-scale point of view. Therefore, we focus on climate-hydrology interactions that are relevant on scales utilized in current or forthcoming global and regional climate modelling exercises.
Two brothers 2
Creators: name: Chirkova, Katia
Publisher: name: COCOON - https://cocoon.huma-num.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ersu
subject: ers
subject: Histoire folklorique
subject: Frères et soeurs
valueUri: ark:/12148/cb11965628b
subject: Les deux frères

description: 王志友讲述两弟兄的民间故事。
description: Conforms to: doi:10.34847/cocoon.49aefa90-8c1f-3ba8-a099-0ebefc6a2aa7
Allais from Experience: Choice Consistency, Rare Events, and Common Consequences in Repeated Decisions
Creators: name: Harmon, Jason L.
name: Cleotilde Gonzalez
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 170202 Decision Making
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The Allais Paradox is a well-known bias in which people's preferences result in contradictory choices between two normatively identical gamble pairs. Studies have shown that these preference reversals depend on how information is described and presented. In an experiment, we investigate the Allais gambles in several formats including an experiential paradigm, where participants make selections from two blank buttons and get an outcome as a result of a draw from distributions of outcomes in the selected gamble. Results indicate that a large proportion of Allais reversals are found in the traditional descriptive format, they are reduced when gambles are presented in a descriptive table format, and they disappear when choices are made from experience. Although a majority of participants made consistent choices from experience, the proportion of individual reversals is similar to that of descriptive choices. Detailed analyses of experiential choice suggest interesting behavioral differences between participants classified as consistent and those classified as reversals: consistent participants explore and maximize more than reversal participants. Furthermore, consistent participants demonstrate a different switching behavior after experiencing a rare outcome than do reversal participants. We find that, both, overweighting or underweighting of rare outcomes may occur within the course of an individual's experience; depending on the timing of those experiences, the magnitude of the outcomes observed, and the general accumulated value of the gambles.
« Diversité culturelle et organismes internationaux non gouvernementaux: Comment développer des compétences interculturelles à travers une formation discontinue? »
Creators: name: Comboïgo, Laura Aïna Yamwekré
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019

description: Le présent mémoire porte sur les formations interculturelles offertes au sein des organismes internationaux non gouvernementaux (OING). Il tente de répondre à travers une étude de cas, et une analyse de documents de formations interculturelles de deux OING à la problématique suivante : « comment les organisations internationales non gouvernementales travaillant en contexte multiculturel adaptent-elles leurs programmes de formation au développement de compétences interculturelles afin qu’ils répondent aux exigences d’une formation continue ? » Le cadre théorique mobilisé dans cette étude regroupe les notions de compétences et de formations interculturelles tout en distinguant le multiculturalisme de l’interculturalisme. Les résultats auxquels nous sommes parvenus démontrent que les formations interculturelles continues et discontinues contribuent toutes les deux à développer des compétences interculturelles chez ceux qui la reçoivent (bénévoles, employés, coopérants volontaires). Toutefois, même si les formations discontinues contribuent elles aussi à développer des compétences interculturelles, elles restent inadéquates et incomplètes en termes de contenu et de suivi sur le terrain. Mots-clés : Interculturalisme, formation pré-départ, compétences interculturelles, habiletés interculturelles, organismes internationaux non gouvernementaux.
Adolescent Vulnerability: A Framework for Behavioral Interventions
Creators: name: Fischhoff, Baruch
name: Downs, Julie
name: Wändi  Bruine De Bruin
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 170202 Decision Making
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: A general framework is offered for characterizing behavioral risks in a way that might help coordinate behavioral interventions. It is demonstrated in terms of adolescents' vulnerability, arising from the life situations confronting teens, from teens' understanding of those situations, and from the beliefs of those entrusted with helping them (parents, educators, psychologists, etc.). The framework provides a rationale for identifying opportunities to reduce adolescent vulnerability, based on research regarding the genesis and control of risks. It provides a common language for characterizing alternative theoretical approachs to these issues and a systematic way to integrate their results. It is illustrated with results from research on the role of information in determining adolescent vulnerability.
Two brothers 3
Creators: name: Chirkova, Katia
Publisher: name: COCOON - https://cocoon.huma-num.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ersu
subject: ers
subject: Histoire folklorique
subject: Frères et soeurs
valueUri: ark:/12148/cb11965628b
subject: Les deux frères

description: 王志友讲述两弟兄的民间故事。
description: Conforms to: doi:10.34847/cocoon.49aefa90-8c1f-3ba8-a099-0ebefc6a2aa7
Thermodynamics of non-Markovian reservoirs and heat engines
Creators: name: Thomas, George
name: Siddharth, Nana
name: Banerjee, Subhashish
name: Ghosh, Sibasish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that non-Markovian effects of the reservoirs can be used as a resource to extract work from an Otto cycle. The state transformation under non-Markovian dynamics is achieved via a two-step process, namely an isothermal process using a Markovian reservoir followed by an adiabatic process. From second law of thermodynamics, we show that the maximum amount of extractable work from the state prepared under the non-Markovian dynamics quantifies a lower bound of non-Markovianity. We illustrate our ideas with an explicit example of non-Markovian evolution.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
On the anomalously large extension of the Pulsar Wind Nebula HESS J1825-137
Creators: name: Khangulyan, Dmitry
name: Koldoba, Alexander V.
name: Ustyugova, Galina V.
name: Bogovalov, Sergey V.
name: Aharonian, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission reported from a number of pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) is naturally explained by the inverse Compton scattering of multi-TeV electrons. However, the physical dimensions of some gamma-ray-emitting PWNe significantly exceed the scales anticipated by the standard hydrodynamical paradigm of PWN formation. The most "disturbing" case in this regard is HESS J1825-137, which extends to distances $r\approx70\rm\,pc$ from the central pulsar PSR J1826-1334. If the gamma-ray emission is indeed produced inside the PWN, but not by electrons that escaped the nebula and diffuse in the interstellar medium (ISM), the formation of such an anomalously extended plerion could be realized, in a diluted environment with the hydrogen number density $n_{ism}\le10^{-2}\rm\,cm^{-3}$. In this paper, we explore an alternative scenario assuming that the pulsar responsible for the formation of the nebula initially had a very short rotation period. In this case, the sizes of both the PWN and the surrounding supernova remnant depend on the initial pulsar period, the braking index, and the ISM density. To check the feasibility of this scenario, we study the parameter space that would reproduce the size of HESS J1825-137. We show that this demand can be achieved if the braking index is small, $n\leq2$ and the pulsar birth period is short, $P_{\rm b}\simeq1\rm\,ms$. This scenario can reproduce the wind termination position, which is expected at $R_{ts}\simeq0.03\rm\,pc$, only in a dense environment with $n_{ism}\geq\rm1\,cm^{-3}$. The requirement of the dense surrounding gas is supported by the presence of molecular clouds found in the source vicinity.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, ApJ accepted
Additional file 2 of A chromosome-level genome assembly of Cairina moschata and comparative genomic analyses
Creators: name: Jiang, Fan
name: Jiang, Yaoxin
name: Wang, Wenxuan
name: Xiao, Changyi
name: Lin, Ruiyi
name: Xie, Tanghui
name: Sung, Wing-Kin
name: Li, Shijun
name: Jakovlić, Ivan
name: Chen, Jianhai
name: Du, Xiaoyong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Descriptive metrics, estimated by Supernova, of the input sequence data for the de novo genome assembly.