cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Managing Labor on Dairy Farms: A Resource-Based Perspective with Evidence from Case Studies
Creators: name: Mugera, Amin W.
name: Bitsch, Vera
name: Mugera, Amin W.
name: Bitsch, Vera
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Human resource management
subject: Resource-based theory
subject: Sustained competitive advantage
subject: Dairy farms
subject: Hired farm workers

description: Labor management practices in agriculture are a marginally and fragmentally researched subject with limited theoretical background in agricultural economics. The resource-based theory is proposed as a framework to analyze labor management on farms and its application discussed with evidence of six case studies. In-depth interviews with farm managers, supervisors, and non-supervisory employees provide data to illustrate the provisions of the resource-based theory. The theory requires heterogeneity, immobility, value, rareness, inimitability, and non-substitutability for resources to contribute to sustained competitive advantage. The human resource system of the case farms satisfies these conditions and hence qualifies as a source of competitive advantage. * Funding for this project was provided in part by the North Central Risk Management Education Center. The authors wish to express their gratitude to the farmers and their employees who volunteered to participate in the study and openly shared their experiences.
Robot Learning with Crash Constraints
Creators: name: Marco, Alonso
name: Baumann, Dominik
name: Khadiv, Majid
name: Hennig, Philipp
name: Righetti, Ludovic
name: Trimpe, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the past decade, numerous machine learning algorithms have been shown to successfully learn optimal policies to control real robotic systems. However, it is common to encounter failing behaviors as the learning loop progresses. Specifically, in robot applications where failing is undesired but not catastrophic, many algorithms struggle with leveraging data obtained from failures. This is usually caused by (i) the failed experiment ending prematurely, or (ii) the acquired data being scarce or corrupted. Both complicate the design of proper reward functions to penalize failures. In this paper, we propose a framework that addresses those issues. We consider failing behaviors as those that violate a constraint and address the problem of learning with crash constraints, where no data is obtained upon constraint violation. The no-data case is addressed by a novel GP model (GPCR) for the constraint that combines discrete events (failure/success) with continuous observations (only obtained upon success). We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework on simulated benchmarks and on a real jumping quadruped, where the constraint threshold is unknown a priori. Experimental data is collected, by means of constrained Bayesian optimization, directly on the real robot. Our results outperform manual tuning and GPCR proves useful on estimating the constraint threshold.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, 1 algorithm. Accepted for publication in IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L). Video demonstration of the experiments available at https://youtu.be/RAiIo0l6_rE . Algorithm implementation available at https://github.com/alonrot/classified_regression.git
Factorization and Regularization by Dimensional Reduction
Creators: name: Signer, Adrian
name: Stöckinger, Dominik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since an old observation by Beenakker et al, the evaluation of QCD processes in dimensional reduction has repeatedly led to terms that seem to violate the QCD factorization theorem. We reconsider the example of the process gg->ttbar and show that the factorization problem can be completely resolved. A natural interpretation of the seemingly non-factorizing terms is found, and they are rewritten in a systematic and factorized form. The key to the solution is that the D- and (4-D)-dimensional parts of the 4-dimensional gluon have to be regarded as independent partons.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures; minor modifications; accepted for publication in Phys.Lett.B
Agricultural Producer Cooperatives as Strategic Alliances
Creators: name: Gall, Roslynne G.
name: Schroder, Bill
name: Gall, Roslynne G.
name: Schroder, Bill
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: agricultural cooperatives
subject: strategic alliances
subject: transaction cost analysis
subject: the resource-based view
subject: social network theory
subject: trust and cooperation
subject: new generation cooperatives
subject: learning networks.

description: In this paper we examine the linkages between four bodies of business-to-business relationship theory (transaction cost analysis, the resource-based theory of the firm (RBV), social network theory and theories of trust and cooperation) to the design and governance of agricultural cooperatives. Defining a cooperative broadly as any type of alliance formed by producers for their mutual benefit, we base the discussion on three types of cooperative; traditional, "new generation" and learning networks. Our main focus is on cooperatives as an alliance between members, but we also discuss alliances between cooperatives We find that there is a gap in the literature relating to the analysis of alliances with more than two members (such as cooperatives), so the linkages between the theories and cooperative types must be seen as being somewhat tentative. We hypothesise that the RBV, social network theory and trust and cooperation theories are in fact, applicable to multiple-member alliances, but their relevance is likely to become less as the number of members increase.
The present universe in the Einstein frame, metric-affine R+1/R gravity
Creators: name: Poplawski, Nikodem J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the present, flat isotropic universe in 1/R-modified gravity. We use the Palatini (metric-affine) variational principle and the Einstein (metric-compatible connected) conformal frame. We show that the energy density scaling deviates from the usual scaling for nonrelativistic matter, and the largest deviation occurs in the present epoch. We find that the current deceleration parameter derived from the apparent matter density parameter is consistent with observations. There is also a small overlap between the predicted and observed values for the redshift derivative of the deceleration parameter. The predicted redshift of the deceleration-to-acceleration transition agrees with that in the Λ-CDM model but it is larger than the value estimated from SNIa observations.
description: 11 pages; published version
Willingness to Pay for Weather Derivatives by Australian Wheat Farmers
Creators: name: Simmons, Phil
name: Edwards, Miriam
name: Byrnes, Joel
name: Simmons, Phil
name: Edwards, Miriam
name: Byrnes, Joel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: weather derivatives
subject: risk
subject: hedging
subject: wheat

description: A theoretical optimal hedging model is developed to determine potential demand from Australian farmers for a hedging tool to remove the economic consequences of climate related variability in wheat yield. In the past, financial instruments have been developed to hedge price risk on capital markets; however, in more recent times new financial instruments, weather derivatives, have been developing that hedge the volumetric risk associated with unfavourable weather. Weather derivatives have the ability to effectively hedge weather related volume risk for the agricultural, mining, energy and manufacturing industries, while also providing a risk management tool for construction firms and special events organisers, although there are still many hurdles to implementing agricultural weather derivative contracts in Australia. The optimal hedging ratio is found to be quite sensitive to the degree of risk aversion of the farmer and to the cost of obtaining the contracts.
Standard Operating Procedures for Actigraphy Acquisition in the Accelerating Medicines Partnership for Schizophrenia Program
Creators: name: Accelerating Medicines Partnership for Schizophrenia Digital Health Team
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This document describes the standard operating procedures used in the AMP SCZ program to acquire Actigraphy data for ~2,500 participants on a daily basis.
Constraints on ultralight scalar bosons within black hole spin measurements from LIGO-Virgo's GWTC-2
Creators: name: Ng, Ken K. Y.
name: Vitale, Salvatore
name: Hannuksela, Otto A.
name: Li, Tjonnie G. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Clouds of ultralight bosons - such as axions - can form around a rapidly spinning black hole, if the black hole radius is comparable to the bosons' wavelength. The cloud rapidly extracts angular momentum from the black hole, and reduces it to a characteristic value that depends on the boson's mass as well as on the black hole mass and spin. Therefore, a measurement of a black hole mass and spin can be used to reveal or exclude the existence of such bosons. Using the black holes released by LIGO and Virgo in their GWTC-2, we perform a simultaneous measurement of the black hole spin distribution at formation and the mass of the scalar boson. We find that the data strongly disfavors the existence of scalar bosons in the mass range between $1.3\times10^{-13}~\mathrm{eV}$ and $2.7\times10^{-13}~\mathrm{eV}$ for a decay constant $f_a\gtrsim 10^{14}~\mathrm{GeV}$. The statistical evidence is mostly driven by the two {binary black holes} systems GW190412 and GW190517, which host rapidly spinning black holes. The region where bosons are excluded narrows down if these two systems merged shortly ($\sim 10^5$ years) after the black holes formed.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, matched PRL version
GEOTAIL observation of the SGR1806-20 Giant Flare: The first 600 ms
Creators: name: Terasawa, Toshio
name: Tanaka, Yasuyuki
name: Takei, Yasuhiro
name: Kawai, Nobuyuki
name: Yoshida, Atsumasa
name: Nomoto, Ken'ichi
name: Yoshikawa, Ichiro
name: Saito, Yoshifumi
name: Kasaba, Yasumasa
name: Takashima, Takeshi
name: Mukai, Toshifumi
name: Noda, Hirotomo
name: Murakami, Toshio
name: Watanabe, Kyoko
name: Muraki, Yasushi
name: Yokoyama, Takaaki
name: Hoshino, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On December 27, 2004, plasma particle detectors on the GEOTAIL spacecraft detected an extremely strong signal of hard X-ray photons from the giant flare of SGR1806-20, a magnetar candidate. While practically all gamma-ray detectors on any satellites were saturated during the first ~500 ms interval after the onset, one of the particle detectors on GEOTAIL was not saturated and provided unique measurements of the hard X-ray intensity and the profile for the first 600 ms interval with 5.48 ms time resolution. After ~50 ms from the initial rapid onset, the peak photon flux (integrated above ~50 keV) reached the order of 10^7 photons sec^{-1} cm^{-2}. Assuming a blackbody spectrum with kT=175 keV, we estimate the peak energy flux to be 21 erg sec^{-1} cm^{-2} and the fluence (for 0-600 ms) to be 2.4 erg cm^{-2}. The implied energy release comparable to the magnetic energy stored in a magnetar (~10^{47} erg) suggests an extremely efficient energy release mechanism.
description: 6 pages, 2 color figures, submitted to Nature
Additional file 1 of Analysis of second opinion programs provided by German statutory and private health insurance – a survey of statutory and private health insurers
Creators: name: Könsgen, Nadja
name: Prediger, Barbara
name: Ana-Mihaela Bora
name: Glatt, Angelina
name: Hess, Simone
name: Weißflog, Victoria
name: Pieper, Dawid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Health insurers approach to SecOPs.
Resonant Tunneling in Truly Axial Symmetry Mn12 Single-Molecule Magnets: Sharp Crossover between Thermally Assisted and Pure Quantum Tunneling
Creators: name: Wernsdorfer, W.
name: Murugesu, M.
name: Christou, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetization measurements of a truly axial symmetry Mn12-tBuAc molecular nanomagnet with a spin ground state of S = 10 show resonance tunneling. This compound has the same magnetic anisotropy as Mn12-Ac but the molecules are better isolated and the crystals have less disorder and a higher symmetry. Hysteresis loop measurements at several temperatures reveal a well-resolved step fine-structure which is due to level crossings of excited states. All step positions can be modeled by a simple spin Hamiltonian. The crossover between thermally assisted and pure quantum tunneling can be investigated with unprecedented detail.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 2 of Analysis of second opinion programs provided by German statutory and private health insurance – a survey of statutory and private health insurers
Creators: name: Könsgen, Nadja
name: Prediger, Barbara
name: Ana-Mihaela Bora
name: Glatt, Angelina
name: Hess, Simone
name: Weißflog, Victoria
name: Pieper, Dawid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Structure of SecOPs.
Strategies to Detect Dark-Matter Decays with Line-Intensity Mapping
Creators: name: Bernal, José Luis
name: Caputo, Andrea
name: Kamionkowski, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of dark matter is a longstanding mystery in cosmology, which can be studied with laboratory or collider experiments, as well as astrophysical and cosmological observations. In this work, we propose realistic and efficient strategies to detect radiative products from dark-matter decays with line-intensity mapping (LIM) experiments. This radiation will behave as a line interloper for the atomic and molecular spectral lines targeted by LIM surveys. The most distinctive signatures of the contribution from dark-matter radiative decays are an extra anisotropy on the LIM power spectrum due to projection effects, as well as a narrowing and a shift towards higher intensities of the voxel intensity distribution. We forecast the minimum rate of decays into two photons that LIM surveys will be sensitive to as function of the dark-matter mass in the range $\sim 10^{-6}-10$ eV, and discuss how to reinterpret such results for dark matter that decays into a photon and another particle. We find that both the power spectrum and the voxel intensity distribution are expected to be very sensitive to the dark-matter contribution, with the voxel intensity distribution being more promising for most experiments considered. Interpreting our results in terms of the axion, we show that LIM surveys will be extremely competitive to detect its decay products, improving several orders of magnitudes (depending on the mass) the sensitivity of laboratory and astrophysical searches, especially in the mass range $\sim 1-10$ eV.
description: 14+3(app.)+4(refs.) pages, 7 figures and 3 tables. Colorbar of fig 1 corrected
Projections of economic impacts of climate change in agriculture in Europe
Creators: name: Quiroga, Sonia
name: Iglesias, Ana
name: Quiroga, Sonia
name: Iglesias, Ana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: climate change
subject: agriculture
subject: general equilibrium models

description: The objective of this study is to provide monetary estimates of the impacts of climate change in European agricultural sector. The future scenarios incorporate socio-economic projections derived from several socio-economic scenarios and experiments conducted using global climate models and regional climate models. The quantitative results are based simulations using the GTAP general equilibrium models system that includes all relevant economic activities. The estimated changes in the exports and imports of agricultural goods, value of GDP and value of world supply under the climate and socio-economic scenarios show significant regional differences between northern and southern European countries. The simulations were based on crop productivity changes that considered no restrictions in water availability for irrigation or restrictions in the application of nitrogen fertilizer. Therefore the results should be considered optimistic from the production point and pessimistic from the environmental point of view. Water restrictions and socio-economic variables that modify the probabilities of change occurring may also be considered in a later stage of the study. The monetary estimates show that in all cases uncertainty derived from socio-economic scenarios has a larger effect than the derive from climate scenarios.
Eclipsing binaries in extrasolar planet transit surveys: the case of SuperWASP
Creators: name: Willems, B.
name: Kolb, U.
name: Justham, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a comprehensive binary population synthesis scheme, we investigate the statistical properties of a sample of eclipsing binaries that is detectable by an idealised extrasolar planet transit survey with specifications broadly similar to those of the SuperWASP (Wide Angle Search for Planets) project. In this idealised survey the total number of detectable single stars in the Galactic disc is of the order of 10^6-10^7, while, for a flat initial mass ratio distribution, the total number of detectable eclipsing binaries is of the order of 10^4-10^5. The majority of the population of detectable single stars is made up of main-sequence stars (60%), horizontal-branch stars (20%), and giant-branch stars (10%). The largest contributions to the population of detectable eclipsing binaries stem from detached double main-sequence star binaries (60%), detached giant-branch main-sequence star binaries (20%), and detached horizontal-branch main-sequence star binaries (10%). The ratio of the number of eclipsing binaries to the number of single stars detectable by the idealised SuperWASP survey varies by less than a factor of 2.5 across the sky, and decreases with increasing Galactic latitude. It is found to be largest in the direction of the Galactic longitude l=-7.5deg and the Galactic latitude b=-22.5deg. We also show that the fractions of systems in different subgroups of eclipsing binaries are sensitive to the adopted initial mass ratio distribution, which is one of the poorest constrained input parameters in present-day binary population synthesis calculations. This suggests that once statistically meaningful results from transit surveys are available, they will be able to significantly improve the predictive power of population synthesis studies of interacting binaries and related objects. (abridged)
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Explicit computation of shear three-point correlation functions: the one-halo model case
Creators: name: Bernardeau, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method for calculating explicit expressions of the shear three-point function for various cosmological models. The method is applied here to the one-halo model in case of power law density profiles for which results are detailed. The three-point functions are found to reproduce to a large extent patterns in the shear correlations obtained in numerical simulations and may serve as a guideline to implement optimized methods for detecting the shear three-point function. In principle, the general method presented here can also be applied for other models of matter correlation.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, submitted to AA
The associations between childhood factors and adult attachment : a study of gay men
Creators: name: Landolt, Monica A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: There are a number of childhood factors reported to be associated with gay male sexual orientation including childhood gender non-conformity and socialization factors such as paternal and peer rejection. Attachment theory suggests that poor quality childhood relationships may be related to anxiety and avoidance attachment dimensions in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between these childhood factors and anxiety and avoidance in gay men's close relationships. A community sample of 192 self-identified gay men completed questionnaires and a 2 hour attachment interview. No major findings related to the avoidance dimension were significant. In terms of attachment anxiety, results were partially consistent with attachment theory: paternal and peer, but not maternal, rejection independently predicted anxiety. Quality of peer relationships largely mediated the association between parental rejection and anxiety. In addition, quality of peer relationships mediated the association between gender nonconformity and anxiety. Good quality relationships in one domain did not compensate for poor quality relationships in another domain. The importance of fathers and peers to gay men's current relationship functioning is discussed.
The coordination value of monetary exchange: Experimental evidence
Creators: name: Camera, Gabriele
name: Casari, Marco
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/02 Politica economica

description: Under what conditions can cooperation be sustained in a network of strangers? Here we study the role of institutions and uncover a new behavioral foundation for the use of monetary systems.
In an experiment, anonymous subjects could cooperate or defect in bilateral random encounters.
This sequence of encounters was indefinite; hence multiple equilibria were possible, including full intertemporal cooperation supported by a social norm based on community punishment of defectors. We report that such social norm did not emerge. Instead, the availability of intrinsically worthless tokens favored the coordination on intertemporal cooperation in ways that networks of strangers were unable to achieve through social norms.
Wall speed and shape in singlet-assisted strong electroweak phase transitions
Creators: name: Friedlander, Avi
name: Banta, Ian
name: Cline, James M.
name: Tucker-Smith, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models with singlet fields coupling to the Higgs can enable a strongly first order electroweak phase transition, of interest for baryogenesis and gravity waves. We improve on previous attempts to self-consistently solve for the bubble wall properties -- wall speed $v_w$ and shape -- in a highly predictive class of models with $Z_2$-symmetric singlet potentials. A new algorithm is implemented to determine $v_w$ and the wall profiles throughout the singlet parameter space in the case of subsonic walls, focusing on models with strong enough phase transitions to satisfy the sphaleron washout constraint for electroweak baryogenesis. We find speeds as low as $v_w \cong 0.1$ in our scan over parameter space, and the singlet must be relatively light to have a subsonic wall, $m_s \lesssim 135$ GeV.
description: 19 pages, 15 figures
Revisiting the demand of agricultural insurance: The case of Spain
Creators: name: Garrido, Alberto
name: Zilberman, David
name: Garrido, Alberto
name: Zilberman, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Agricultural insurance
subject: insurance demand models
subject: Spain

description: We use the actual insurance records of 52,300 farmers and 11 years to estimate two sets of insurance demands. We define measures of insurance's expected returns, variance and third moment, based on observed insurance data, and infer the expected returns for those farmers that have never had an indemnity. We estimate several probit models and count models for the insuring vs non-insuring strategies, in which the economic returns of insurance and its two measures of dispersion enter as explanatory variables. Results show that farmers' insurance strategies are largely explained by their actual insurance experience as captured by these three variables. Individuals with loss rations greater than 1 do not show more responsiveness that those facing more balanced premium charges. Results show that adverse selection may not be a major source of inefficiency in the Spanish insurance system.
Communication, commitment, and deception in social dilemmas: experimental evidence
Creators: name: Camera, Gabriele
name: Casari, Marco
name: Bigoni, Maria
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: Social norms of cooperation are studied under several forms of communication. In an experiment, strangers could make public statements before playing a prisoner’s dilemma. The interaction was repeated indefinitely, which generated multiple equilibria. 

Communication could be used as a tool to either signal intentions to coordinate on Pareto-superior outcomes, to deceive others, or to credibly commit to actions. Some forms of communication did not promote the incidence of efficient Nash play, and sometimes reduced it. Surprisingly, cooperation suffered when subjects could publicly commit to actions.
Indifference Pricing of Weather Insurance
Creators: name: Xu, Wei
name: Odening, Martin
name: Musshoff, Oliver
name: Xu, Wei
name: Odening, Martin
name: Musshoff, Oliver
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Weather insurance
subject: indifference pricing model
subject: basis risk

description: This article develops an Indifference Pricing model for a weather derivative that is traded over the counter. The model is used to calculate ask and bid prices for a put option on a weather index in Germany. We find that under moderate risk aversion the maximal bid prices of grain producers exceed the minimal sell prices of insurers only for a few regions and crops, due to the presence of basis risk. Another finding is that the actuarially fair price may lead to wrong conclusions about the market potential of weather insurance.
Additional file 3 of Analysis of second opinion programs provided by German statutory and private health insurance – a survey of statutory and private health insurers
Creators: name: Könsgen, Nadja
name: Prediger, Barbara
name: Ana-Mihaela Bora
name: Glatt, Angelina
name: Hess, Simone
name: Weißflog, Victoria
name: Pieper, Dawid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Information about characteristics of participants in the SecOPs.
Secant varieties of toric varieties
Creators: name: Cox, David
name: Sidman, Jessica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M25, 14N05, 51N35

description: Let $X_P$ be a smooth projective toric variety of dimension $n$ embedded in $\PP^r$ using all of the lattice points of the polytope $P$. We compute the dimension and degree of the secant variety $\Sec X_P$. We also give explicit formulas in dimensions 2 and 3 and obtain partial results for the projective varieties $X_A$ embedded using a set of lattice points $A \subset P\cap\ZZ^n$ containing the vertices of $P$ and their nearest neighbors.
description: v1, AMS LaTex, 5 figures, 25 pages; v2, reference added; v3, This is a major rewrite. We have strengthened our main results to include a classification of smooth lattice polytopes P such that Sec X_P does not have the expected dimension. (See Theorems 1.4 and 1.5.) There was also a considerable amount of reorganization, and some expository material was eliminated; v4, 28 pages, minor corrections, additional and updated references
Exploring the cosmic censorship conjecture with a Gauss-Bonnet sector
Creators: name: Tavakoli, Yaser
name: Ardabili, Ahad K.
name: Moniz, Paulo Vargas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) braneworld model is employed to study the gravitational collapse of dust, with a Gauss-Bonnet (GB) term present in the five-dimensional bulk. We find that, within the normal (nonself-accelerating) DGP branch and due to the curvature effects from the GB component on the brane, the black hole singularity acquires modified features. More precisely, during collapse and for a finite comoving time, before a singularity would emerge at the zero physical radius, the first time derivative of the Hubble rate diverges, whereas the brane energy density and the Hubble rate remain finite. This is a peculiar behavior which displays similar properties to the sudden singularity occurring in particular late-time cosmological frameworks. Furthermore, the question of whether this altered singularity can be viewed by an external observer or will be hidden by a black hole horizon is addressed. We establish that, depending on the given induced-gravity parameter and the GB coupling constant, there exists a {\em threshold mass} for the collapsing dust, below which no trapped surfaces evolve as the collapse proceeds toward the singularity. In other words, a {\em naked sudden singularity} may form.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures (Version accepted in PRD)
Using participating and financial contracts to insure catastrophe risk: Implications for crop risk management
Creators: name: Enjolras, Geoffroy
name: Kast, Robert
name: Enjolras, Geoffroy
name: Kast, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Catastrophe risk
subject: Crop insurance
subject: Optimal hedging
subject: Securitization

description: High losses generated by natural catastrophes reduce the availability of insurance. Among the ways to manage risk, the subscriptions of participating and non-participating contracts respectively permit to implement the two major principles in risk allocation: the mutuality and the transfer principles. Decomposing a global risk into its idiosyncratic and systemic components, we show that: the participating contract hedges the individual losses under a variable premium and the systemic risk is covered with a non-participating contract under a fixed premium. Based on Doherty and Schlesinger (2002) and Mahul (2002) approaches, our model replaces the non-participating contract by a financial one based on an index closely correlated to the systemic risk, under a basis risk. Despite the introduction of loading factors on both participating and financial contracts, which increase final loss, we prove that the combination of policies offers an optimal coverage that eliminates the basis risk and provides a sustainable solution for the insurer and the policyholder. We also put in evidence the necessary intermediation of insurance companies in the subscription of such contracts. Therefore, potential implications for crop risk management are studied.
Low-Quality Leadership in a Vertically Differentiated Duopoly with Cournot Competition
Creators: name: Lambertini, Luca
name: Tampieri, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: We model a vertically differentiated duopoly with quantity-setting firms as an extended game in which firms noncooperatively choose the timing of moves at the quality stage, to show that at the subgame perfect equilibrium sequential play obtains, with the low-quality firm taking the leaders role.
Effect of the radiative background flux in convection
Creators: name: Brandenburg, A.
name: Chan, K. L.
name: Nordlund, A.
name: Stein, R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical simulations of turbulent stratified convection are used to study models with approximately the same convective flux, but different radiative fluxes. As the radiative flux is decreased, for constant convective flux: the entropy jump at the top of the convection zone becomes steeper, the temperature fluctuations increase and the velocity fluctuations decrease in magnitude, and the distance that low entropy fluid from the surface can penetrate increases. Velocity and temperature fluctuations follow mixing length scaling laws.
description: 12 pages, 24 figures, accepted by Astron. Nachr
Minimum Quality Standard Under Cournot Competition and Pollution
Creators: name: Lambertini, Luca
name: Tampieri, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: We extend the analysis carried out by Valletti (2000) by considering an environmental externality in a vertically differentiated duopoly where firms compete à la Cournot with fixed costs of quality improvement.

We show that, if the weight of the external effect is high enough, the resulting minimum quality standard is indeed binding.
Extremely High-Order Convergence in Simulations of Relativistic Stars
Creators: name: Westernacher-Schneider, John Ryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a road towards obtaining gravitational waveforms from inspiraling material binaries with an accuracy viable for third-generation gravitational wave detectors, without necessarily advancing computational hardware or massively-parallel software infrastructure. We demonstrate a proof-of-principle 1+1-dimensional numerical implementation that exhibits up to 7th-order convergence for highly dynamic barotropic stars in curved spacetime, and numerical errors up to 6 orders of magnitude smaller than a standard method. Aside from high-order interpolation errors (Runge's phenomenon), there are no obvious fundamental obstacles to obtaining convergence of even higher order. The implementation uses a novel surface-tracking method, where the surface is evolved and high-order accurate boundary conditions are imposed there. Computational memory does not need to be allocated to fluid variables in the vacuum region of spacetime. We anticipate the application of this new method to full $3\! +\! 1$-dimensional simulations of the inspiral phase of compact binary systems with at least one material body. The additional challenge of a deformable surface must be addressed in multiple spatial dimensions, but it is also an opportunity to input more precise surface tension physics.
description: Pdf ~1 Mb. 13 page body, 2 pages of appendices. Video content available at https://youtu.be/rBpz-aVNSLo . v2: added references and footnote, minor style change
Weather-based instruments in the context of whole farm risk management
Creators: name: Berg, Ernst
name: Schmitz, Bernhard
name: Berg, Ernst
name: Schmitz, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Downside risk
subject: portfolio optimisation
subject: risk management
subject: risk-value models
subject: weather derivatives

description: Recent and presumable future developments tend to increase the risks associated with farming activities. These include climate risks which have always played an important role in farming. Weather based instruments can be valuable tools to reduce the risk associate with unfavourable climatic events. However, a number of factors can limit the hedging effectiveness of these tools. These factors include basis risk, the impacts of remaining price uncertainty and diversification effects. The paper addresses the influence of each of these factors. In its final part an integrated approach for a comprehensive assessment of weather derivatives and other hedging instruments is proposed that is based on the concept of portfolio optimisation.
Building a stochastic template bank for detecting massive black hole binaries
Creators: name: Babak, Stanislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coalescence of two massive black holes is the strongest and most promising source for LISA. In fact, gravitational signal from the end of inspiral and merger will be detectable throughout the Universe. In this article we describe the first step in the two-step hierarchical search for gravitational wave signal from the inspiraling massive BH binaries. It is based on the routinely used in the ground base gravitational wave astronomy method of filtering the data through the bank of templates. However we use a novel Monte-Carlo based (stochastic) method to lay a grid in the parameter space, and we use the likelihood maximized analytically over some parameters, known as F-statistic, as a detection statistic. We build a coarse template bank to detect gravitational wave signals and to make preliminary parameter estimation. The best candidates will be followed up using Metropolis-Hasting stochastic search to refine the parameter estimation. We demonstrate the performance of the method by applying it to the Mock LISA data challenge 1B (training data set).
description: revtex4, 8 figures
Spin Hall effect generated by fluctuating vortices in type-II superconductors
Creators: name: Taira, Takuya
name: Kato, Yusuke
name: Ichioka, Masanori
name: Adachi, Hiroto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the vortex spin Hall effect, i.e., a novel spin Hall effect driven by the motion of superconducting vortices, by focusing on the role of superconducting fluctuations. Within the BCS-Gor'kov microscopic approach combined with the Kubo formula, we find a strong similarity between the vortex spin Hall effect and the vortex Nernst/Ettingshausen effect. Calculated temperature dependence of the voltage signal due to the inverse vortex spin Hall effect exhibits a strong enhancement by vortex fluctuations. This result not only provides a possible explanation for a prominent peak found in the spin Seebeck effect in a NbN/Y$_3$Fe$_5$O$_{12}$ system, but also leads to a proposal of new experiments using other superconductors with strong fluctuations, such as cuprate or iron-based superconductors.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Modeling agricultural production risk and the adaptation to climate change
Creators: name: Finger, Robert
name: Schmid, Stephanie
name: Finger, Robert
name: Schmid, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: climate change
subject: robust estimation
subject: yield variation
subject: corn
subject: winter wheat
subject: market liberalization

description: A model that integrates biophysical simulations in an economic model is used to analyze the impact of climate change on crop production. The biophysical model simulates future plant-management-climate relationships and the economic model simulates farmers' adaptation actions to climate change using a nonlinear programming approach. Beyond the development of average yields, special attention is devoted to the impact of climate change on crop yield variability. This study analyzes corn and winter wheat production on the Swiss Plateau with respect to climate change scenarios that cover the period of 2030-2050. In our model, adaptation options such as changes in seeding dates, changes in production intensity and the adoption of irrigation farming are considered. Different scenarios of climate change, output prices and farmers' risk aversion are applied in order to show the sensitivity of adaptation strategies and crop yields, respectively, on these factors. Our results show that adaptation actions, yields and yield variation highly depend on both climate change and output prices. The sensitivity of adaptation options and yields, respectively, to prices and risk aversion for winter wheat is much lower than for corn because of different growing periods. In general, our results show that both corn and winter wheat yields increase in the next decades. In contrast to other studies, we find the coefficient of variation of corn and winter wheat yields to decrease. We therefore conclude that simple adaptation measures are sufficient to take advantage of climate change in Swiss crop farming.
Additional file 4 of Analysis of second opinion programs provided by German statutory and private health insurance – a survey of statutory and private health insurers
Creators: name: Könsgen, Nadja
name: Prediger, Barbara
name: Ana-Mihaela Bora
name: Glatt, Angelina
name: Hess, Simone
name: Weißflog, Victoria
name: Pieper, Dawid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4: Evaluations of SecOPs.
The Welfare Effects of Pfiesteria-Related Fish Kills: A Contingent Behavior Analysis of Seafood Consumers
Creators: name: Parsons, George R.
name: Morgan, Ash
name: Whitehead, John C.
name: Haab, Timothy C.
name: Parsons, George R.
name: Morgan, Ash
name: Whitehead, John C.
name: Haab, Timothy C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: pfiesteria
subject: seafood demand
subject: non-market valuation

description: We use contingent behavior analysis to study the effects of pfiesteria-related fish kills on the demand for seafood in the Mid-Atlantic region. We estimate a set of demand difference models based on individual responses to questions about seafood consumption in the presence of fish kills and with different amounts of information provided about health risks. We use a random-effects Tobit model to control for correlation across each observation and to account for censoring. We find that (i) pfiesteria-related fish kills have a significant negative effect on the demand for seafood even though the fish kills pose no known threat to consumers through sea-food consumption, (ii) seafood consumers are not responsive to expert risk information designed to reassure them that seafood is safe in the presence of a fish kill, and (iii) a mandatory seafood inspection program largely eliminates the welfare loss incurred due to misinformation.
Farm Wealth Inequality Within and Across States in the United States
Creators: name: Erickson, Kenneth W.
name: Moss, Charles B.
name: Mishra, Ashok K.
name: Erickson, Kenneth W.
name: Moss, Charles B.
name: Mishra, Ashok K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: inequality
subject: Theil's inequality
subject: farm wealth
subject: regional decomposition
subject: farm level
subject: farm household
subject: real estate assets
subject: inventories

description: This paper uses Theil's (1979) entropy-based measure of inequality and farm-level data to examine changes in farm business wealth (farm equity) of farm households. The farms associated with farm households are grouped by state into ten regions of the United States. The Theil entropy measure is then calculated and used to decompose total inequality of farm wealth into within-state and across-states (between states) inequalities for each region. Results show that since the enactment of the 1996 Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act, inequality in farm wealth among farms within a state has decreased relative to the number of farms per state, across all regions. Further, most of the reduction in farm wealth inequality is attributed to increased equality in the distribution of real estate assets of the farm households, a major component of farm wealth.
Sex and the Uni: How Assortative Matching Affects Graduate Earnings
Creators: name: Tampieri, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: This paper examines how assortative matching affects graduate earnings through the choice of attending university. We build up a model where individuals decide whether to attend university for increasing both their future income and the probability to marry an educated partner. The theoretical results suggest that, as assortative matching increases, the number of graduates increases and their earnings fall. The test using the British Household Panel Survey for years 1991-2006 supports the theoretical findings.
Technical Efficiency of U.S. Organic Farmers: The Complementary Roles of Soil Management Techniques and Farm Experience
Creators: name: Lohr, Luanne
name: Park, Timothy A.
name: Lohr, Luanne
name: Park, Timothy A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: organic farming
subject: frontier production function
subject: soil organic matter
subject: performance measurement
subject: technical efficiency

description: Agricultural policymakers place increasing emphasis on developing efficiency measures for organic producers in order to evaluate regulatory strategies and evolving organic market conditions. We develop technical efficiency measures for U.S. organic farmers using a stochastic production frontier. Farm decisions about acquiring and managing organic soil materials from on-farm and local sources are incorporated into the technical efficiency measure. Productivity differences between newer entrants to organic farming and more experienced producers are estimated in order to isolate the impact of learning and management expertise on farm-level technical efficiency.
Electric dipole moments in the extended scotogenic models
Creators: name: Fujiwara, Motoko
name: Hisano, Junji
name: Kanai, Chihiro
name: Toma, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electric dipole moments (EDMs) of charged leptons arise from a new source of CP violation in the lepton sector. In this paper, we calculate the EDMs of the charged leptons in the minimal scotogenic model with two singlet fermions, and the models extended with one or two triplet fermions instead of the singlet fermions, taking into account the constraints of the neutrino oscillation data, the charged lepton flavor violation and perturbative unitarity bound for the Yukawa couplings. We show that the hybrid model with one singlet and one triplet fermions predicts an electron EDM larger than the other models in both normal and inverted neutrino mass hierarchy. We find some parameter space has already been ruled out by the current upper bound of the electron EDM and further parameter space can be explored by future experiments.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, version to appear in JHEP