cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Geometry of Resonant Signatures in Debris Disks with Planets
Creators: name: Kuchner, Marc J.
name: Holman, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using simple geometrical arguments, we paint an overview of the variety of resonant structures a single planet with moderate eccentricity (e < ~0.6) can create in a dynamically cold, optically thin dust disk. This overview may serve as a key for interpreting images of perturbed debris disks and inferring the dynamical properties of the planets responsible for the perturbations. We compare the resonant geometries found in the solar system dust cloud with observations of dust clouds around Vega and other stars and we discuss a new model for the asymmetries in the Epsilon Eridani cloud.
description: 27 pages, including 6 figures and 1 table, to appear in ApJ
The Role of Trade-in-Tasks For the Competitiveness of the European Pig Industry
Creators: name: Hess, Sebastian
name: Hess, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Outsourcing
subject: Trade-in-Tasks
subject: Intra-Industry Trade
subject: Structural Change

description: The global trend of agro-industrialisation is increasingly transforming farms and firms into specialist component suppliers within a multi-stage food processing chain. The trade-in-tasks theory predicts in this context that declining costs for cross-country outsourcing of certain stages of the production process (tasks) generates intra-industry trade and may increase the competitiveness of the final product. Based on this theory, a conceptual framework was established and empirically applied to the EU27 pig industry. The results suggest that the average EU country could increase the competitiveness of its processed meat exports; one potential source of these gains can be structural change among pig farms in other EU countries, which is utilized through vertical intra-industry trade in live pigs. In contrast, changes in outsourcing costs since 2002 due to changes in EU membership or due to the adoption of the Euro appeared non-significant in panel regressions.
Allocladius globosus Andersen, Saether et Mendes
Creators: name: Ferrington Jr, Leonard C.
name: Saether, Ole A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Allocladius
Allocladius globosus

description: Allocladius globosus Andersen, Saether et Mendes
(Fig. 33 D–F)
 Allocladius globosus Andersen, Saether et Mendes, 2010: 11.
 Material examined: CHILE: Región V, Rio Aconcaqua W of Las Vizhachas, 32º51.391’ S, 70º 28.668’ W, 1.096 m. a. s. l., net, holotype male, 12.xi.1998, T. Andersen (ZMBN Type No. 423). Other material as in Andersen et al. (2010).
 Diagnostic characters: The presence of circular single pars ventralis (Fig. 33 D–F) about as long as wide and with setae together with the absence of an accessory lobe of the inferior volsella will separate the species from other species with pars ventralis.
 The male is described in detail in Andersen et al. (2010: 11).
 Distribution
 The species is known from Chile (Andersen et al. 2010).
description: Published as part of Ferrington Jr, Leonard C. & Saether, Ole A., 2011, A revision of the genera Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932, Allocladius Kieffer, 1913, and Hydrosmittia gen. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae) 2849, pp. 1-314 in Zootaxa 2849 (1) on page 97, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2849.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5288200
The Effect of Augmented Driver Behavior on Freeway Traffic Flow
Creators: name: Chacon, Scott
name: Kornhauser, Alain L.
name: Chacon, Scott
name: Kornhauser, Alain L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper investigates the possible virtue of the modification of longitudinal and lane-change behaviors of drivers by intelligent cruise control systems that augment individual driver behavior by enforcing minimum separation between vehicles. Such systems would not only reduce collisions but may also improve traffic flow by reducing the frequency of bottlenecks on freeways. This hypothesis is tested using a modified microsimulation of a length of freeway in Los Angeles County. A transit-oriented minimum time headway controller is compared to a traditional minimum separation intelligent cruise controller. The results show that using a fixed distance policy to control the separation tends to keep the flow more stable during peak periods and reduces travel times.
Locality properties and Wannier functions for interacting systems
Creators: name: Koch, Erik
name: Goedecker, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define Wannier functions for interacting systems, and show that the results on the localization of the Wannier functions for non-interacting systems carry over to the Wannier functions for interacting systems. In addition we demonstrate that the characterization of metals and insulators by the decay properties of their respective density matrices does not only apply to non-interacting, but also to interacting systems. As a prototypical example of a correlated system we investigate the one-dimensional Hubbard model. We propose an expression for the density matrix of that model, and derive a relation between the decay constant of the density matrix and the gap.
description: 9 pages with 3 eps figures, to be published in Solid State Communications
Additional file 1: of Associations of airway tree to lung volume ratio on computed tomography with lung function and symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Creators: name: Tanabe, Naoya
name: Sato, Susumu
name: Oguma, Tsuyoshi
name: Shima, Hiroshi
name: Atsuyasu Sato
name: Muro, Shigeo
name: Toyohiro Hirai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Figure S1 Examples of original CT images and segmentations of airway trees and all branches in the right lung. Figure S2 The airway volume percent in symptomatic and non-symptomatic subjects. Figure S3 Associations of the airway volume percent and low attenuation volume percent with physiological measurements. Figure S4 Associations of the airway volume percent with currently established CT indexes. Table S1 Multivariate regression models regarding pulmonary function. (PDF 514 kb)
title: Πληροφοριακά συστήματα logistics – Τεχνολογία RFID
title: Logistics IT systems – RFID technology
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Νίκα, Αφροδίτη
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Τεχνολογία RFID
subject: Barcode
subject: Απειλές συστήματος RFID
subject: Μέτρα προστασίας συστήματος
subject: Εφοδιαστική αλυσίδα
subject: WMS

description: Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία έχει ως σκοπό να παρουσιάσει την τεχνολογία RFID, η οποία έχει αποτελέσει σημαντικό παράγοντα για την επίτευξη των λειτουργιών των αποθηκών. Τα οφέλη της RFID τεχνολογίας είναι αρκετά, ιδιαίτερα τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες όπου οι ρυθμοί και οι απαιτήσεις των πελατών έχουν αυξηθεί τόσο σε χρόνο όσο και σε ποιότητα. Με την εφαρμογή της RFID παρουσιάζεται μεγιστοποίηση παραγωγικότητας στον χώρο της αποθήκης, καλύτερη και μέγιστη ροή πληροφοριών, ελάττωση λαθών σε παραλαβές και παραγγελίες και πολλά άλλα. Επιπρόσθετα, αξίζει να σημειωθεί πως υπάρχουν προληπτικά μέτρα για την προστασία των RFID συστημάτων από τα διάφορα είδη απειλών που την αφορούν.
Electronic supplementary material from Determinants of heart rate in Svalbard reindeer reveal mechanisms of seasonal energy management
Creators: name: Trondrud, L. Monica
name: Pigeon, Gabriel
name: Albon, Steve
name: Arnold, Walter
name: Evans, Alina L.
name: R. Justin Irvine
name: Elżbieta Król
name: Ropstad, Erik
name: Stien, Audun
name: Vebjørn Veiberg
name: Speakman, John R.
name: Loe, Leif Egil
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Seasonal energetic challenges may constrain an animal's ability to respond to changing individual and environmental conditions. Here, we investigated variation in heart rate, a well-established proxy for metabolic rate, in Svalbard reindeer, a species with strong seasonal changes in foraging and metabolic activity. In 19 adult, females we recorded heart rate, subcutaneous temperature and activity using biologgers. Mean heart rate more than doubled from winter to summer. Typical drivers of energy expenditure, such as reproduction and activity, explained a relatively limited amount of variation (2–6% in winter and 16–24% in summer) compared to seasonality which explained 75% of annual variation in heart rate. The relationship between heart rate and subcutaneous temperature depended on individual state via body mass, age and reproductive status, and the results suggested that peripheral heterothermy is an important pathway of energy management in both winter and summer. While the seasonal plasticity in energetics makes Svalbard reindeer well-adapted to their highly seasonal environment, intraseasonal constraints on modulation of their heart rate may limit their ability to respond to severe environmental change. This study emphasizes the importance of encompassing individual state and seasonal context when studying energetics in free-living animals.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Measuring physiology in free living animals (Part II)’.
Quantum Gravitational Corrections to a Star Metric and the Black Hole Limit
Creators: name: Calmet, Xavier
name: Casadio, Roberto
name: Kuipers, Folkert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider the full set of quantum gravitational corrections to a star metric to second order in curvature. As we use an effective field theoretical approach, these corrections apply to any model of quantum gravity that is based on general coordinate invariance. We then discuss the black hole limit and identify an interesting phenomenon which could shed some light on the nature of astrophysical black holes: while star metrics receive corrections at second order in curvature, vacuum solutions such as black hole metrics do not. What happens to these corrections when a star collapses?
title: NOAA Arctic Report Card 2023 : Arctic Ocean Primary Productivity: The Response of Marine Algae to Climate Warming and Sea Ice Decline
Creators: name: Frey, K. E.
name: Comiso, J. C.
name: Cooper, L. W.
name: Garcia, C.
name: Grebmeier, J. M.
name: Stock, L. V.
Publisher: name: NOAA Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/037bamf06
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: NOAA Technical Report OAR ARC ; 23-08
description: A rapidly warming Arctic Ocean and peripheral seas (Rantanen et al. 2022) are undergoing shifts in marine primary productivity, largely driven by dynamic changes in sea ice extent, nutrient dynamics, and light regimes (Ardyna and Arrigo 2020; Terhaar et al. 2021; Frey et al. 2023). Understanding changes in Arctic marine primary productivity, the conversion of dissolved inorganic carbon into organic material, is vital as it forms the base of the marine ecosystem and plays a key role in carbon sequestration (Manizza 2023).
An analysis of the Chinese high-speed rail from the american Perspective
Creators: name: Yu, Chien Wen
name: Menz, Neala
name: Hunter, Corriner
name: Chen, Yuan Ying
name: Farias, Pamela
name: Yu, Chien Wen
name: Menz, Neala
name: Hunter, Corriner
name: Chen, Yuan Ying
name: Farias, Pamela
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Public Economics
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: High-speed rail is a great means of transportation in the world and a controversial subject in China and the United States. There are many socio-cultural, environmental, economic, technological and political issues related to the construction of high-speed lines. Safety and cost are serious concerns for each country. The paper discusses the result of surveys and interviews that the undergraduate research group of Bridgewater State University conducted in China and the United States in summer 2011. From a different prospective, the paper compares and analyzes the attitudes of the Chinese and American peoples towards high-speed rail, and discusses the issues the Chinese high-speed rail and possible causes of the 7.23 Accident.
Hydrosmittia Ferrington Jr & Saether 2011, gen. n.
Creators: name: Ferrington Jr, Leonard C.
name: Saether, Ole A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Hydrosmittia

description: Key to known female imagines of Hydrosmittia gen. n.
 1. Costa proximal to apex of R 4+5 with 0–5 non-marginal setae.................................................... 2
 – Costa proximal to R 4+5 with 17–42 non-marginal setae............................................................ 4
 2. Inner vertical setae absent, LR 1 0.38–0.39................................ H. ruttneri Strenzke et Thienemann (p. 129)
 – Inner vertical setae present, LR 1 0.44–0.48...................................................................... 3
 3. Inner vertical setae conspicuous, the longest 32–48 µm long; seminal capsules with fine microtrichia............................................................................................... H. oxoniana (Edwards) (p. 120)
– Inner vertical setae inconspicuous, less than 15 µm long; seminal capsules with or without distinct microtrichia........... 4
 4. Seminal capsules with dark microtrichia; costa proximal to apex of R 4+5 with 17–23 non-marginal setae; Holarctic......................................................................................... H. virgo Strenzke (p. 126)
 – Seminal capsules apparently without microtrichia; costa proximal to apex of R 4+5 with 21–42 setae; Holarctic.......................................................................................... H. montana Strenzke (p. 118)
description: Published as part of Ferrington Jr, Leonard C. & Saether, Ole A., 2011, A revision of the genera Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932, Allocladius Kieffer, 1913, and Hydrosmittia gen. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae) 2849, pp. 1-314 in Zootaxa 2849 (1) on page 106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2849.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5288200
Highway network restoration after disasters
Creators: name: Lertworawanich, Ponlathep
name: Dechasakulsom, Montri
name: Aursudkij, Bhanitiz
name: Lertworawanich, Ponlathep
name: Dechasakulsom, Montri
name: Aursudkij, Bhanitiz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Public Economics
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: In the second half of 2011, Thailand has recently faced with the most devastating flood of her modern history. More than 3,330 national highways are damaged by this flood. Some roads are heavily destroyed while others are partially damaged and emergency relieves cannot access to the flooded areas. Highway restoration is an urgent responsibility of road authorities. This study presents the sequential highway network restoration decision model where highways are restored one by one in sequence. To determine an optimal restoration sequence, the model is formulated as a dynamic program where the primary objective is to sequentially restore roadways to minimize the travel demand loss for the disconnected network. Once the network is connected, the secondary objective is to sequentially restore roadways to minimize the network travel time where traffic assignment onto the network is based on User Equilibrium concept. A sample network is examined to investigate the solution characteristics. It is found that the proposed algorithm can provide good practical solutions to the sequential highway network recovery problems.
Facet-Related Non-uniform Photoluminescence in Passivated GaAs Nanowires
Creators: name: Jiang, Nian
name: Joyce, Hannah J.
name: Parkinson, Patrick
name: Wong-Leung, Jennifer
name: Tan, Hark Hoe
name: Jagadish, Chennupati
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Chemistry
nanowire
photoluminescence (PL)
nanowire sidewall facets
surface recombination
uniformity
GaAs-AlGaAs

description: The semiconductor nanowire architecture provides opportunities for non-planar electronics and optoelectronics arising from its unique geometry. This structure gives rise to a large surface area-to-volume ratio and therefore understanding the effect of nanowire surfaces on nanowire optoelectronic properties is necessary for engineering related devices. We present a systematic study of the non-uniform optical properties of Au-catalyzed GaAs/AlGaAs core–shell nanowires introduced by changes in the sidewall faceting. Significant variation in intra-wire photoluminescence (PL) intensity and PL lifetime (τPL) was observed along the nanowire axis, which was strongly correlated with the variation of sidewall facets from {112} to {110} from base to tip. Faster recombination occurred in the vicinity of {112}-oriented GaAs/AlGaAs interfaces. An alternative nanowire heterostructure, the radial quantum well tube consisting of a GaAs layer sandwiched between two AlGaAs barrier layers, is proposed and demonstrates superior uniformity of PL emission along the entire length of nanowires. The results emphasize the significance of nanowire facets and provide important insights for nanowire device design.
Le rôle de la cartographie des risques dans l'orientation du plan d'intervention de l'auditeur interne
Creators: name: Ikram ABEKHAR
name: BOUDIAF Abdelghani
name: DINAOUI Mehdi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: La cartographie des risques constitue un outil stratégique pour les auditeurs internes. Cet outil permet de prioriser les interventions et d’aligner les actions sur les enjeux stratégiques de l’organisation. Dans un environnement complexe et marqué par des exigences réglementaires croissantes, la cartographie répond aux besoins de gestion proactive des risques et garantit la transparence envers les acteurs concernés. Elle repose sur une méthodologie rigoureuse qui combine les approches top-down et bottom-up. Cette méthodologie offre une représentation synthétique des zones critiques à traiter en priorité. Les ressources sont ainsi optimisées, la gouvernance organisationnelle est renforcée et les performances globales sont améliorées. Cet article analyse les fondements théoriques, les méthodologies appliquées et les avantages pratiques de cet outil, à travers des exemples concrets dans les secteurs bancaire et industriel.
Additional file 2: of Androgen receptor expression is required to ensure development of adult Leydig cells and to prevent development of steroidogenic cells with adrenal characteristics in the mouse testis
Creators: name: OâShaughnessy, Peter
name: Mitchell, Rod
name: Monteiro, Ana
name: OâHara, Laura
name: Cruickshanks, Lyndsey
name: Grinten, Hedi
name: Brown, Pamela
name: Abel, Margaret
name: Smith, Lee
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Primer sequences. Sequences of primers used for qPCR studies. (DOCX 13 kb)
A Comprehensive Rail Rate Index for Grain
Creators: name: Sparger, Adam
name: Prater, Marvin E.
name: Sparger, Adam
name: Prater, Marvin E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Political Economy
Public Economics
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: There are several annual rail rate indices commonly used to depict changes in the prices paid for rail service. While accurate for general analyses, each of these indices falls short in capturing the three major components of total railroad grain rates – tariff rates, fuel surcharges, and secondary railcar market costs. Grain is a unique rail commodity whereby bids in the secondary railcar market can affect whether the actual rate paid by shippers is above or below the published tariff rate. The seasonality of rates inherent in grain transportation is captured through the secondary market but is neither contained in other grain rail rate indices nor apparent in annualized data. In addition, most grain rate indices do not include fuel surcharges, which have become a major component of the total rate paid for any rail commodity movement. In this paper, we improve upon past grain rail rate indices by including information from the secondary rail market, fuel surcharges, and tariff rates into a weekly index between the years 1997 and 2011. The improved index shows a higher level of detail when compared to other annualized indices, allowing for a more thorough analysis of grain rates. This index shows grain rail rates generally higher than do other indices with a notable departure from rail costs at the beginning of the economic recession in 2009. A comparison of the rail index with rail costs calls into question whether earlier conclusions about rail market power still hold.
A Potential Mechanism for Inflation from Swampland Conjectures
Creators: name: Geng, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inflation is the currently accepted paradigm for the beginnings of the Universe. To explain the observed almost scale invariant spectrum of density perturbations with only a slight spectral tilt, inflation must have been "slow roll", that is with a potential with sufficiently small slope. While the origin of inflationary structure is intrinsically quantum mechanical, gravity gets treated semiclassically within inflationary models. Recent work, in terms of the so called de-Sitter swampland conjecture, has called into question whether slow roll inflation is consistent with a complete theory of quantum gravity in the presence of a positive vacuum energy density, which is a key ingredient in the inflationary paradigm. In this work, we show that, in fact, if we understand this conjecture correctly and with another swampland conjecture, the so-called distance conjecture, involved we get a potential mechanism for slow roll inflation and we argue that here fine-tuning is not a technical problem.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure (reference added),published version
Resonant Raman scattering off neutral quantum dots
Creators: name: Delgado, Alain
name: Gonzalez, Augusto
name: Menendez-Proupin, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resonant inelastic (Raman) light scattering off neutral GaAs quantum dots which contain a mean number, N=42, of electron-hole pairs is computed. We find Raman amplitudes corresponding to strongly collective final states (charge-density excitations) of similar magnitude as the amplitudes related to weakly collective or single-particle excitations. As a function of the incident laser frequency or the magnetic field, they are rapidly varying amplitudes. It is argued that strong Raman peaks should come out in the spin-density channels, not related to valence-band mixing effects in the intermediate states.
description: Accepted in Physical Review B
title: NOAA Arctic Report Card 2023 : Divergent Responses of Western Alaska Salmon to a Changing Climate
Creators: name: Schoen, E. R.
name: Howard, K. G.
name: Murphy, J. M.
name: Schindler, D. E.
name: Westley, P. A. H.
name: von Biela, V. R.
Publisher: name: NOAA Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/037bamf06
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: NOAA Technical Report OAR ARC ; 23-13
description: Pacific salmon populations in western Alaska have responded differently to recent climatic changes, with Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and chum salmon (O. keta) reaching record low abundance levels, while sockeye salmon (O. nerka) have attained record high abundance levels since 2020 (Fig. 1). Why these species have responded differently has important implications for the future of Pacific salmon in a warming Arctic.
Nucleon-nucleus real potential of Woods-Saxon shape between -60 and +60 MeV for the 40
Creators: name: Bespalova, O. V.
name: Romanovsky, E. A.
name: Spasskaya, T. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nucleon differential elastic scattering cross sections, the total proton reaction cross sections, and the single-particle energies of nucleon bound states for 40Ca, 90Zr and 208Pb are reanalyzed in terms of the dispersive optical model at energy ranging from -75 MeV to +60 MeV. The resultant real effective Woods-Saxon potential, which corresponds to the dispersive optical model potential, is studied as dependent on A, Z, and E and on projectile type (proton or neutron). For the first time, a parameterization of the Woods-Saxon real part of the nucleon-nucleus potential is proposed for the 40
description: 25 pages with 6 figures, numeration of the figures is corrected, minor grammatical changes
Bus Network Design Using Genetic Algorithm
Creators: name: Sadrsadat, Hadi
name: Poorzahedi, Hossein
name: Haghani, Ali
name: Sharifi, Elham
name: Sadrsadat, Hadi
name: Poorzahedi, Hossein
name: Haghani, Ali
name: Sharifi, Elham
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: The bus network design problem is an important problem in transportation planning. It is the problem of determining a network of bus lines which best achieves a predetermined objective. This may be done with or without the presence of rapid transit lines. This study is devoted to solving this problem using genetic algorithm. The fitness function is defined as the benefit to the users of the bus network less the cost of the operator of the network, which is to be maximized subject to constraints that properly distribute bus routes over the study area. Objective function calculation depends on the basic data of the city and its bus lines and does not need traffic assignment results. So, it is calculated quickly and it makes the genetic algorithm operation faster. Several good solutions were generated through a sensitivity analysis by changing the parameters of the problem affecting bus route geographical distribution. A network assignment problem was solved for each of the alternative bus networks and several measures of effectiveness were evaluated for them. A multi-objective analysis (concordance analysis) was performed based on 10 measures of effectiveness and 14 weighting systems. As a result, a bus network was proposed for the city of Mashad, Iran.
Rethinking creative intelligence: comparative psychology and the concept of creativity
Creators: name: Shevlin, Henry
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Paper in General Philosophy of Science
Creativity in Art, Science & Mind
Creativity
Comparative psychology
Philosophy of science
Animal cognition
Creative intelligence
Creative cognition
Insight

description: Abstract: The concept of creativity is a central one in folk psychological explanation and has long been prominent in philosophical debates about the nature of art, genius, and the imagination. The scientific investigation of creativity in humans is also well established, and there has been increasing interest in the question of whether the concept can be rigorously applied to non-human animals. In this paper, I argue that such applications face serious challenges of both a conceptual and methodological character, reflecting deep controversies within both philosophy and psychology concerning how to define and apply the concept of creativity. After providing a brief review of some of the leading theories of creativity (Section 2) and discussing some of the strongest putative cases of creative intelligence in non-human animals (Section 3), I examine some of the more worrisome difficulties faced by attempts to use these theories to answer the question of whether animals are truly creative (Section 4). I conclude by examining how we might overcome them, and suggest that one approach worth taking seriously is to adopt what I term a Strong Rejectionist view of creativity, eschewing use of the term entirely in the scientific study of comparative cognition.
Purification and Characterization of Antibodies Directed against the α-Gal Epitope
Creators: name: Zappe, Andreas
name: Rosenlöcher, Julia
name: Kohla, Guido
name: Hinderlich, Stephan
name: Parr, Maria Kristina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: α-Gal epitope
subject: allergy
subject: anti-α-Gal antibody
subject: IgG subclasses
subject: N-glycosylation
subject: surface plasmon resonance
subject: gel electrophoresis
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The α-Gal epitope is an immunogen trisaccharide structure consisting of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)β1,4-galactose (Gal)α1,3-Gal. It is presented as part of complex-type glycans on glycoproteins or glycolipids on cell surfaces of non-primate mammalians. About 1% of all antibodies in human sera are specific toward α1,3-Gal and are therefore named as anti-α-Gal antibodies. This work comprises the purification and characterization of anti-α-Gal antibodies from human immunoglobulin G (IgG). A synthetically manufactured α Gal epitope affinity resin was used to enrich anti-α-Gal antibodies. Selectivity experiments with purified antibodies were carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), Western blotting, and erythrocyte agglutination. Furthermore, binding affinities toward α-Gal were determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and the IgG distribution of anti α Gal antibodies (83% IgG2, 14% IgG1, 2% IgG3, 1% IgG4) was calculated applying ELISA and immunodiffusion. A range of isoelectric points from pH 6 to pH 8 was observed in 2D gel electrophoresis. Glycan profiling of anti α Gal antibodies revealed complex biantennary structures with high fucosylation grades (86%). Additionally, low amounts of bisecting GlcNAc (15%) and sialic acids (13%) were detected. The purification of anti-α-Gal antibodies from human IgG was successful, and their use as detection antibodies for α Gal-containing structures was evaluated.
Missing baryons and the soft X-ray background
Creators: name: Soltan, A. M.
name: Freyberg, M. J.
name: Hasinger, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The X-ray background intensity around Lick count galaxies and rich clusters of galaxies is investigated in three ROSAT energy bands. It is found that the X-ray enhancements surrounding concentrations of galaxies exhibit significantly softer spectrum than the standard cluster emission and the average extragalactic background. The diffuse soft emission accompanying the galaxies is consistent with the thermal emission of the hot gas postulated first by the Cen & Ostriker hydrodynamic simulations. Our estimates of the gas temperature - although subject to large uncertainties - averaged over several Mpc scales are below 1 keV, which is substantially below the temperature of the intra-cluster gas, but consistent with temperatures predicted for the local intergalactic medium. It is pointed out that the planned ROSITA mission would be essential for our understanding of the diffuse thermal component of the background.
description: AA accepted, 6 pages, incl. 4 figures
Organization of machine learning based product development as per ISO 26262 and ISO/PAS 21448
Creators: name: Radlak, Krystian
name: Szczepankiewicz, Michał
name: Jones, Tim
name: Serwa, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning (ML) algorithms generate a continuous stream of success stories from various domains and enable many novel applications in safety-critical systems. With the advent of autonomous driving, ML algorithms are being used in the automotive domain, where the applicable functional safety standard is ISO 26262. However, requirements and recommendations provided by ISO 26262 do not cover specific properties of machine learning algorithms. Therefore, specific aspects of ML (e.g., dataset requirements, performance evaluation metrics, lack of interpretability) must be addressed within some work products, which collect documentation resulting from one or more associated requirements and recommendations of ISO 26262. In this paper, we propose how key technical aspects and supporting processes related to development of ML-based systems can be organized according to ISO 26262 phases, sub-phases, and work products. We follow the same approach as in the ISO/PAS 21448 standard, which complements ISO 26262, in order to account for edge cases that can lead to hazards not directly caused by system failure.%, but resulting from functional insufficiencies of the intended functionality or by reasonably foreseeable misuse by persons.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Ridership Accuracy and Transit Formula Grants
Creators: name: Chu, Xuehao
name: Chu, Xuehao
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper examines the accuracy of data in annual unlinked passenger trips reported to the National Transit Database (NTD) at the individual agency level. This examination takes a twostep approach. The first step compares the ridership reported by member agencies to the American Public Transportation Association (APTA) and the ridership reported to the NTD as recipients of transit formula grants. The NTD ridership can be as high as 50 percent more than the APTA ridership, and such significant positive deviation exists persistently over time across many agencies. The second step explores potential sources of these positive deviations by examining their components. Random errors, including both sampling errors and some of the non-sampling errors, do not help explain these one-sided deviations. Nor do occasional annual adjustments such as special events ridership to a direct count in the NTD ridership. Much of these positive deviations appear to be attributable to systematic non-sampling errors that result from undercounting in direct counts, from unintentional biases in procedures, or perhaps from intentional manipulation. Limited evidence in the literature, however, suggests that undercounting in direct counts is small at the systemwide level. The paper then quantitatively examines how these systematic non-sampling errors affect the allocation of two formula grants to Florida transit agencies: the Urbanized Area Formula Grant Program at the federal level and Florida’s Transit Block Grant Program at the state level. The paper also discusses a strategy for reducing these systematic non-sampling errors.
Symmetry transformations of extremals and higher conserved quantities: invariant Yang--Mills connections
Creators: name: Accornero, Luca
name: Palese, Marcella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterize symmetry transformations of Lagrangian extremals generating `on shell' conservation laws. We relate symmetry transformations of extremals to Jacobi fields and study symmetries of higher variations by proving that a pair given by a symmetry of the $l$-th variation of a Lagrangian and by a Jacobi field of the $s$-th variation of the same Lagrangian (with $s
description: 24 pages, title slightly changed, text expanded and improved, higher variations included, v4: some oversights corrected
Mutational signatures are jointly shaped by DNA damage and repair
Creators: name: Volkova, Nadezda V.
name: Meier, Bettina
name: González-Huici, Víctor
name: Bertolini, Simone
name: Gonzalez, Santiago
name: Vöhringer, Harald
name: Abascal, Federico
name: Martincorena, Iñigo
name: Campbell, Peter J.
name: Gartner, Anton
name: Gerstung, Moritz
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
/631/67/69
/631/114/2397
/631/337/1427
/631/337/1427/1430
/631/337/1427/2354
/45/70
/45/23
/64/11
article

description: Funder: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council East of Scotland Bioscience Doctoral Training Partnership Ph.D. studentship
description: Funder: Korean Institute for Basic Science, IBS-R022-A1-2019
description: Abstract: Cells possess an armamentarium of DNA repair pathways to counter DNA damage and prevent mutation. Here we use C. elegans whole genome sequencing to systematically quantify the contributions of these factors to mutational signatures. We analyse 2,717 genomes from wild-type and 53 DNA repair defective backgrounds, exposed to 11 genotoxins, including UV-B and ionizing radiation, alkylating compounds, aristolochic acid, aflatoxin B1, and cisplatin. Combined genotoxic exposure and DNA repair deficiency alters mutation rates or signatures in 41% of experiments, revealing how different DNA alterations induced by the same genotoxin are mended by separate repair pathways. Error-prone translesion synthesis causes the majority of genotoxin-induced base substitutions, but averts larger deletions. Nucleotide excision repair prevents up to 99% of point mutations, almost uniformly across the mutation spectrum. Our data show that mutational signatures are joint products of DNA damage and repair and suggest that multiple factors underlie signatures observed in cancer genomes.
Irreducibility of a Free Group Endomorphism is a Mapping Torus Invariant
Creators: name: Mutanguha, Jean Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65, 20E05, 20E06, 20F67

description: We prove that the property of a free group endomorphism being irreducible is a group invariant of the ascending HNN extension it defines. This answers a question posed by Dowdall-Kapovich-Leininger. We further prove that being irreducible and atoroidal is a commensurability invariant. The invariance follows from an algebraic characterization of ascending HNN extensions that determines exactly when their defining endomorphisms are irreducible and atoroidal; specifically, we show that the endomorphism is irreducible and atoroidal if and only if the ascending HNN extension has no infinite index subgroups that are ascending HNN extensions.
description: v1: 14 pages. Comments are welcome. v2: Minor changes and updated references
Fungal response to abruptly or gradually delivered antifungal agent amphotericin B is growth stage dependent
Creators: name: Li, Erqin
name: Krsmanovic, Aleksandra
name: Ballhausen, Max-Bernhard
name: Rillig, Matthias C.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: antifungal agents
subject: abrupt treatment
subject: environmental change
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Anthropogenic disturbances pose a multitude of novel challenges to ecosystems. While many experiments have tested effects using abrupt treatment applications, most environmental changes in fact are gradual. Since ecosystem responses might be highly dependent on the temporal nature of stressors, it is crucial to differentiate the effects of abrupt vs gradual treatment application. Antifungal agents, which are widely used in disease control both for humans and in agriculture, are becoming a new class of environmental contaminants. In this study, we examined the effect of a sub-lethal application of one antifungal agent, amphotericin B. We applied different rates of delivery, e.g. gradual and abrupt, and monitored biomass and sporulation of the model fungus Neurospora crassa in a batch culture. Our results demonstrate that: (i) the effect size difference between abrupt and gradual treatments is fungal growth stage dependent and (ii) the gradual treatment clearly had a higher sporulation level compared with all types of abrupt treatments. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the rate of change in environmental change research and point to a new research direction for future global change studies. Furthermore, our results also have important implications for avoiding treatment-induced spore production in agriculture and medical practise.
Sum rules of codon usage probabilities
Creators: name: Frappat, L.
name: Sciarrino, A.
name: Sorba, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: Quantitative Biology (q-bio)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In the crystal basis model of the genetic code, it is deduced that the sum of usage probabilities of the codons with C and A in the third position for the quartets and/or sextets is independent of the biological species for vertebrates. A comparison with experimental data shows that the prediction is satisfied within about 5 %.
description: 7 pages
A New Public-Private Partnership Model for Road Pricing Implementation
Creators: name: DeCorla-Souza, Patrick
name: DeCorla-Souza, Patrick
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: In a public-private partnership (PPP) arrangement providing for financing of highway investment and operations, it will be important to ensure that the public does not perceive that the private sector partner is attempting to maximize profits through excessive peak charges while the public agency does nothing to relieve congestion on free facilities. This paper presents a new PPP model to address this issue, discusses the benefits to be gained from such models, and suggests potential “corridor level” pilot demonstration projects. The paper then assesses the financial self-sufficiency of a region-wide application of the concepts without reliance on public tax support for implementation.
Hydrosmittia Ferrington Jr & Saether 2011, gen. n.
Creators: name: Ferrington Jr, Leonard C.
name: Saether, Ole A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Hydrosmittia

description: Key to known larvae of Hydrosmittia gen. n.
1. Mandible with 4 inner teeth............................................................................. 2
– Mandible with 3 inner teeth.............................................................................. 3
 2. Anterior parapods without any longer claws; total length of fourth instar about 6.2 mm; postmentum about 137 µm long......................................................................... Hydrosmittia sp. “ Northwest Territories ”
 – Anterior parapods with 20–60 longer claws; total length of fourth instar 2.3–4.6 mm; postmentum 73–79 µm long; Holarctic............................................................................. H. oxoniana (Edwards) (p. 120)
3. Largest of 10–12 claws of posterior parapods 43–78 µm long; anterior parapods each with about 40–60 longer claws; anal seta bifid or 2–3 anal setae.................................................................................. 4
– Largest of 7–11 claws of posterior parapods 15–34 µm long; anterior parapods each with about 25–30 longer claws; anal seta single....................................................................................................... 5
 4. Posterior parapods of fourth instar 149–194 µm long, of third instar about 110 µm long; anal seta bifid or 2 anal setae; seta interna present............................................................... H. ruttneri (Strenzke et Thienemann) (p. 129)
 – Posterior parapods of fourth instar about 98 µm long; 3 anal setae; seta interna not observed...... H. falsicostata sp. n. (p. 134)
 5. Posterior parapods each with 9–11 claws; anal tubules 71–117 µm long, with 1–2 constrictions... H. montana (Strenzke) (p. 118)
 – Posterior parapods each with 7–10 claws; anal tubules about 25–65 µm long, without constrictions... H. virgo (Strenzke) (p. 126)
description: Published as part of Ferrington Jr, Leonard C. & Saether, Ole A., 2011, A revision of the genera Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932, Allocladius Kieffer, 1913, and Hydrosmittia gen. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae) 2849, pp. 1-314 in Zootaxa 2849 (1) on page 107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2849.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5288200
Additional file 1: of Bazam: a rapid method for read extraction and realignment of high-throughput sequencing data
Creators: name: Sadedin, Simon
name: Oshlack, Alicia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Table S1. Additional details of the methods, data sources and statistics regarding realignment of reads. (DOCX 21 kb)
Risk stratification for early-onset fetal growth restriction in women with abnormal serum biomarkers: a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Ormesher, L.
name: Warrander, L.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Thomas, S.
name: Simcox, L.
name: Smith, G. C. S.
name: Myers, J. E.
name: Johnstone, E. D.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
/631/1647/245/1859
/639/705/531
/692/700/1750/1747
/692/308/53/2423
article

description: Funder: Tommy's Baby Charity; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000306
description: Funder: Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust
description: Abstract: Abnormal maternal serum biomarkers (AMSB), identified through the aneuploidy screening programme, are frequent incidental findings in pregnancy. They are associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR), but previous studies have not examined whether this association is with early-onset (< 34 weeks) or late-onset (> 34 weeks) FGR; as a result there is no consensus on management. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and phenotype of FGR in women with AMSB and test the predictive value of placental sonographic screening to predict early-onset FGR. 1196 pregnant women with AMSB underwent a 21–24 week “placental screen” comprising fetal and placental size, and uterine artery Doppler. Multivariable regression was used to calculate a predictive model for early-onset FGR (birthweight centile < 3rd/< 10th with absent umbilical end-diastolic flow, < 34 weeks). FGR prevalence was high (10.3%), however early-onset FGR was uncommon (2.3%). Placental screening effectively identified early-onset (area under the curve (AUC) 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87–1.00), but not late-onset FGR (AUC 0.70, 95% CI 0.64–0.75). Internal validation demonstrated robust performance for detection/exclusion of early-onset FGR. In this cohort, utilisation of our proposed algorithm with targeted fetal growth and Doppler surveillance, compared with universal comprehensive surveillance would have avoided 1044 scans, potentiating significant cost-saving for maternity services.