cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Neighborhood Factors Affecting Rates of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Chicago
Creators: name: Torrone, Elizabeth A.
name: Browning, Christopher R.
name: Thomas, James C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: High rates of gonorrhea have been shown to be associated with high rates of incarceration in the prior year. One hypothesized chain of events is that there is a negative effect of incarceration on neighborhood social characteristics, which in turn affect behaviors facilitating transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). This study examined whether neighborhood characteristics were associated with the incidence of STDs and homicide rates as a proxy for incarceration rates. Data were from the 1995 Program on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, the Chicago Health Department, and the Chicago Police Department. Neighborhood gonorrhea rates increased by 192.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 131.6, 252.9) cases per 100,000 population with a change from the 25th to the 75th percentile of social disorder. This rate difference was a value greater than the median neighborhood gonorrhea rate. Similar increases were observed for other neighborhood measures and for Chlamydia infection. We hypothesize that high rates of incarceration may play a role in undermining neighborhood social cohesion and control. Using homicide rates as a proxy for incarceration, a change from the 25th to the 75th percentile of 1995 neighborhood homicide rates yielded a gonorrhea rate increase of 164.6 (95% CI 124.4, 204.7) cases per 100,000. Factors that undermine the social fabric of a community can become manifest in health outcomes such as STDs. The effects of high rates of incarceration on neighborhoods merit further exploration.
TeV gamma-ray sensitivity to velocity-dependent dark matter models in the Galactic Center
Creators: name: Montanari, Alessandro
name: Macias, Oscar
name: Moulin, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The center of the Milky Way is a prime site to search for signals of dark matter (DM) annihilation due to its proximity and expected high concentration of DM. The amplification of the dispersion velocity of DM particles in the Galactic center (GC), caused by baryonic contraction and feedback, makes this particular region of the sky an even more promising target for exploring velocity-dependent DM models. Here we demonstrate that current GC observations with the H.E.S.S. telescope, presently the most sensitive TeV-scale gamma-ray telescope in operation in this region of the sky, set the strongest constraints on velocity-dependent annihilating DM particles with masses above 200 GeV. For p-wave annihilations, they improve the current constraints by a factor of $\sim$4 for a DM mass of 1 TeV. For the spatial distribution of DM, we use the results of the latest FIRE-2 zoom cosmological simulation of Milky Way-size halos. In addition, we utilize the newest version of the GALPROP cosmic-ray propagation framework to simulate the Galactic diffuse gamma-ray emission in the GC. We have found that p-wave (d-wave) DM particles with a mass of approximately 1.7 TeV and annihilating into the $W^+$$W^-$ channel exhibit a velocity-weighted annihilation cross-section upper limit of 4.6$\times$ 10$^{-22}$ cm$^3$s$^{-1}$ (9.2$\times$10$^{-17}$ cm$^3$s$^{- 1}$) at a 95\% confidence level. This is about 460 (2$\times$ 10$^{6}$) times greater than the thermal relic cross-section for p-wave (d-wave) DM models.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, 3 Appendices. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Stress and the City: Housing Stressors are Associated with Respiratory Health among Low Socioeconomic Status Chicago Children
Creators: name: Quinn, Kelly
name: Kaufman, Jay S.
name: Siddiqi, Arjumand
name: Yeatts, Karin B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Asthma disproportionately affects non-whites in urban areas and those of low socioeconomic status, yet asthma's social patterning is not well-explained by known risk factors. We hypothesized that disadvantaged urban populations experience acute and chronic housing stressors which produce psychological stress and impact health through biological and behavioral pathways. We examined eight outcomes: six child respiratory outcomes as well as parent and child general health, using data from 682 low-income, Chicago parents of diagnosed and undiagnosed asthmatic children. We created a continuous exposure, representing material, social and emotional dimensions of housing stressors, weighted by their parent-reported difficulty. We compared the 75th to the 25th quartile of exposure in adjusted binomial and negative binomial regression models. Higher risks and rates of poor health were associated with higher housing stressors for six of eight outcomes. The risk difference (RD) for poor/fair general health was larger for children [RD = 6.28 (95% CI 1.22, 11.35)] than for parents [RD = 3.88 (95% CI −1.87, 9.63)]. The incidence rate difference (IRD) for exercise intolerance was nearly one extra day per 2 weeks for the higher exposure group [IRD = 0.88 (95% CI 0.41, 1.35)]; nearly one-third extra day per 2 weeks for waking at night [IRD = 0.32 (95% CI 0.01, 0.63)]; and nearly one-third extra day per 6 months for unplanned medical visits [IRD = 0.30 (95% CI 0.059, 0.54)]. Results contribute to the conceptualization of urban stress as a “social pollutant” and to the hypothesized role of stress in health disparities. Interventions to improve asthma outcomes must address individuals' reactions to stress while we seek structural solutions to residential stressors and health inequities.
The Role of Housing Type and Housing Quality in Urban Children with Asthma
Creators: name: Claudio, Luz
name: Ramirez, Olivia F.
name: Northridge, Jennifer
name: Stingone, Jeanette A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between type and quality of housing and childhood asthma in an urban community with a wide gradient of racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and housing characteristics. A parent-report questionnaire was distributed in 26 randomly selected New York City public elementary schools. Type of housing was categorized using the participants’ addresses and the Building Information System, a publicly-accessible database from the New York City Department of Buildings. Type of housing was associated with childhood asthma with the highest prevalence of asthma found in public housing (21.8%). Residents of all types of private housing had lower odds of asthma than children living in public housing. After adjusting for individual- and community-level demographic and economic factors, the relationship between housing type and childhood asthma persisted, with residents of private family homes having the lowest odds of current asthma when compared to residents of public housing (odds ratio: 0.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.22, 1.21). Factors associated with housing quality explain some of the clustering of asthma in public housing. For example, the majority (68.7%) of public housing residents reported the presence of cockroaches, compared to 21% of residents of private houses. Reported cockroaches, rats, and water leaks were also independently associated with current asthma. These findings suggest differential exposure and asthma risk by urban housing type. Interventions aimed at reducing these disparities should consider multiple aspects of the home environment, especially those that are not directly controlled by residents.
Family Planning Use among Urban Poor Women from Six Cities of Uttar Pradesh, India
Creators: name: Achyut, Pranita
name: Pillai, Gita
name: Guilkey, David K.
name: Speizer, Ilene S.
name: Nanda, Priya
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Family planning has widespread positive impacts for population health and well-being; contraceptive use not only decreases unintended pregnancies and reduces infant and maternal mortality and morbidity, but it is critical to the achievement of Millennium Development Goals. This study uses baseline, representative data from six cities in Uttar Pradesh, India to examine family planning use among the urban poor. Data were collected from about 3,000 currently married women in each city (Allahabad, Agra, Varanasi, Aligarh, Gorakhpur, and Moradabad) for a total sample size of 17,643 women. Participating women were asked about their fertility desires, family planning use, and reproductive health. The survey over-sampled slum residents; this permits in-depth analyses of the urban poor and their family planning use behaviors. Bivariate and multivariate analyses are used to examine the role of wealth and education on family planning use and unmet need for family planning. Across all of the cities, about 50% of women report modern method use. Women in slum areas generally report less family planning use and among those women who use, slum women are more likely to be sterilized than to use other methods, including condoms and hormonal methods. Across all cities, there is a higher unmet need for family planning to limit childbearing than for spacing births. Poorer women are more likely to have an unmet need than richer women in both the slum and non-slum samples; this effect is attenuated when education is included in the analysis. Programs seeking to target the urban poor in Uttar Pradesh and elsewhere in India may be better served to identify the less educated women and target these women with appropriate family planning messages and methods that meet their current and future fertility desire needs.
Adolescent Criminal Justice Involvement and Adulthood Sexually Transmitted Infection in a Nationally Representative US Sample
Creators: name: Epperson, Matthew W.
name: Dyer, Typhanye Penniman
name: Goldweber, Asha
name: Khan, Maria R.
name: Hemberg, Jordana L.
name: Richardson, Joseph
name: Rosen, David L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Criminal justice involvement (CJI) disrupts social and sexual networks, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) thrive on network disruption. Adolescent CJI may be a particularly important determinant of STI because experiences during adolescence influence risk trajectories into adulthood. We used Wave III (2001-2002: young adulthood) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 14,322) to estimate associations between history of adolescent (younger than 18 years) CJI and adult STI risk. Respondents who reported a history of repeat arrest in adolescence, adolescent conviction, and arrest both as an adolescent and an adult (persistent arrest) had between two to seven times the odds of STI (biologically confirmed infection with chlamydia, gonorrhea, or trichomoniasis) in adulthood and between two to three times the odds of multiple partnerships and inconsistent condom use in the past year in adulthood. In analyses adjusting for sociodemographic and behavioral factors, history of having six or more adolescent arrests was associated with more than five times the odds of STI (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 5.44, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.74-17.1). Both adolescent conviction and persistent CJI appeared to remain independent correlates of STI (conviction: AOR 1.90, 95 % CI 1.02-3.55; persistent CJI: AOR 1.60, 95 % CI 0.99-2.57). Adolescents who have repeat arrests, juvenile convictions, and persist as offenders into adulthood constitute priority populations for STI treatment and prevention. The disruptive effect of adolescent CJI may contribute to a trajectory associated with STI in adulthood.
Low-Frequency Heroin Injection among Out-of-Treatment, Street-Recruited Injection Drug Users
Creators: name: Lorvick, Jennifer
name: Wilkins, Tania
name: Bourgois, Philippe
name: Iguchi, Martin Y.
name: Wenger, Lynn
name: Harris, Jennie L.
name: Kral, Alex H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: In this paper, we explore the understudied phenomenon of "low-frequency" heroin injection in a sample of street-recruited heroin injectors not in drug treatment. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 2,410 active injection drug users (IDUs) recruited in San Francisco, California from 2000 to 2005. We compare the sociodemographic characteristics and injection risk behaviors of low-frequency heroin injectors (low-FHI; one to 10 self-reported heroin injections in the past 30 days) to high-frequency heroin injectors (high-FHI; 30 or more self-reported heroin injections in the past 30 days). Fifteen percent of the sample met criteria for low-FHI. African American race, men who have sex with men (MSM) behavior, and injection and noninjection methamphetamine use were independently associated with low-FHI. Compared to high-FHI, low-FHI were less likely to report syringe sharing and nonfatal heroin overdose. A small but significant proportion of heroin injectors inject heroin 10 or less times per month. Additional research is needed to qualitatively examine low-frequency heroin injection and its relationship to drug use trajectories.
title: Understanding school food in Newfoundland and Labrador through a systems framework
Creators: name: Doyle, Emily
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2021

description: Using systems thinking, I address the question of how to improve school food in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). Chapter Two provides an interdisciplinary review of school food literature. This review establishes the rationale for adopting systems thinking as a conceptual and analytic tool. The systems methodology used in this dissertation is described in Chapter Three. In Chapter Four I review what is known about school food in the NL context and describe the gap to be filled by using multi-method research to answer the following questions: What school food programs and policies exist in NL? What knowledge and attitudes exist about the current school food system? How do knowledge and programs interact to facilitate or inhibit development of a more healthy and sustainable school food system? Next, three research-based chapters contribute to new understanding. Chapter Five is a case study about a school greenhouse. The case study took place earlier in my PhD program and helped lead to the adoption of the systems methodology applied throughout this dissertation. Chapter Six is based on a survey of 68 principals. The results of the survey highlight the persistence of variability as a key defining feature of school food in the province and the need for more responsive and collaborative tools to assess and enhance school food systems across the province. Chapter Seven discusses findings from 34 key informant interviews of stakeholders throughout the system of school food in NL. An analysis of these interviews shows how school food system innovators drive systems change by responding to system weaknesses as a source for strategic collaboration and learning. Taken together, the findings provide a deeper understanding of how persistent and substantial barriers make interventions ineffective. Future areas for learning and collaboration are identified. I suggest that collaborative and critical knowledge about the NL school food system is essential for future transformation.
The influence of current collectors on Tayler instability and electro-vortex flows in liquid metal batteries
Creators: name: Weber, N.
name: Galindo, V.
name: Priede, J.
name: Stefani, F.
name: Weier, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Tayler instability is a kink-type flow instability which occurs when the electrical current through a conducting fluid exceeds a certain critical value. Originally studied in the astrophysical context, the instability was recently shown to be also a limiting factor for the upward scalability of liquid metal batteries. In this paper, we continue our efforts to simulate this instability for liquid metals within the framework of an integro-differential equation approach. The original solver is enhanced by multi-domain support with Dirichlet-Neumann partitioning for the static boundaries. Particular focus is laid on the detailed influence of the axial electrical boundary conditions on the characteristic features of the Tayler instability, and, secondly, on the occurrence of electro-vortex flows and their relevance for liquid metal batteries.
description: 26 pages, 16 figures
Assessing Gaps and Poverty-Related Inequalities in the Public and Private Sector Family Planning Supply Environment of Urban Nigeria
Creators: name: Speizer, Ilene S.
name: Levy, Jessica K.
name: Zimmer, Catherine
name: Curtis, Sian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa, and its population is expected to double in <25 years (Central Intelligence Agency 2012; Fotso et al. 2011). Over half of the population already lives in an urban area, and by 2050, that proportion will increase to three quarters (United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division 2012; Measurement Learning & Evaluation Project, Nigerian Urban Reproductive Health Initiative, National Population Commission 2012). Reducing unwanted and unplanned pregnancies through reliable access to high-quality modern contraceptives, especially among the urban poor, could make a major contribution to moderating population growth and improving the livelihood of urban residents. This study uses facility census data to create and assign aggregate-level family planning (FP) supply index scores to 19 local government areas (LGAs) across six selected cities of Nigeria. It then explores the relationships between public and private sector FP services and determines whether contraceptive access and availability in either sector is correlated with community-level wealth. Data show pronounced variability in contraceptive access and availability across LGAs in both sectors, with a positive correlation between public sector and private sector supply environments and only localized associations between the FP supply environments and poverty. These results will be useful for program planners and policy makers to improve equal access to contraception through the expansion or redistribution of services in focused urban areas.
Heterogeneous Graph Convolutional Neural Network via Hodge-Laplacian for Brain Functional Data
Creators: name: Huang, Jinghan
name: Chung, Moo K.
name: Qiu, Anqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This study proposes a novel heterogeneous graph convolutional neural network (HGCNN) to handle complex brain fMRI data at regional and across-region levels. We introduce a generic formulation of spectral filters on heterogeneous graphs by introducing the $k-th$ Hodge-Laplacian (HL) operator. In particular, we propose Laguerre polynomial approximations of HL spectral filters and prove that their spatial localization on graphs is related to the polynomial order. Furthermore, based on the bijection property of boundary operators on simplex graphs, we introduce a generic topological graph pooling (TGPool) method that can be used at any dimensional simplices. This study designs HL-node, HL-edge, and HL-HGCNN neural networks to learn signal representation at a graph node, edge levels, and both, respectively. Our experiments employ fMRI from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD; n=7693) to predict general intelligence. Our results demonstrate the advantage of the HL-edge network over the HL-node network when functional brain connectivity is considered as features. The HL-HGCNN outperforms the state-of-the-art graph neural networks (GNNs) approaches, such as GAT, BrainGNN, dGCN, BrainNetCNN, and Hypergraph NN. The functional connectivity features learned from the HL-HGCNN are meaningful in interpreting neural circuits related to general intelligence.
A Series Expansion Study for Large Negative Quantum Renormalization of Magnon Spectra in the $S=1/2$ Kagome-Lattice Heisenberg Antiferromagnet Cs$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$SnF$_{12}$
Creators: name: Kogure, Singo
name: Takeda, Masashi
name: Morita, Katsuhiro
name: Fukumoto, Yoshiyuki
name: Saito, Mutsuki
name: Tanaka, Hidekazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The series expansion method is used to study magnon spectra of the kagome system with nearest-neighbor exchange interaction $J$ and out-of-plane Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction $D^{\parallel}$, which is a minimal model for Cs$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$SnF$_{12}$. Compared to the magnon spectra by the linear spin wave (LSW) theory, we find that dispersions at high energy part suffer downward deformation, which is similar to the triangle lattice case, in addition to the reduction of the energy scale of about 40\% as pointed out in a neutron-scattering study by Ono {\it et al.} Using a reliable estimation $J=20.7$ meV in a previous study on the magnetic susceptibility of Cs$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$SnF$_{12}$, we use $D^{\parallel}$ as the fitting parameter to reproduce the experimental magnon spectra and obtain $D^{\parallel}=0.12J$. We also report that a roton-like minimum occurs at the M point and a maximum at points somewhat away from the $Γ$ point. Compression of the LSW magnon band is commonly seen in the kagome and triangular-lattice systems, which may be viewed as being pushed from above by the spinon continuum.
Transitions to Care in the Community for Prison Releasees with HIV: a Qualitative Study of Facilitators and Challenges in Two States
Creators: name: Rich, Josiah D.
name: Rosen, David L.
name: LeRoy, Lisa
name: Solomon, Liza
name: Costa, Michael
name: Montague, Brian T.
name: Donahue, Sara
name: Wohl, David
name: Hammett, Theodore M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: One in seven people living with HIV in the USA passes through a prison or jail each year, and almost all will return to the community. Discharge planning and transitional programs are critical but challenging elements in ensuring continuity of care, maintaining treatment outcomes achieved in prison, and preventing further viral transmission. This paper describes facilitators and challenges of in-prison care, transitional interventions, and access to and continuity of care in the community in Rhode Island and North Carolina based on qualitative data gathered as part of the mixed-methods Link Into Care Study of prisoners and releasees with HIV. We conducted 65 interviews with correctional and community-based providers and administrators and analyzed the transcripts using NVivo 10 to identify major themes. Facilitators of effective transitional systems in both states included the following: health providers affiliated with academic institutions or other entities independent of the corrections department; organizational philosophy emphasizing a patient-centered, personal, and holistic approach; strong leadership with effective "champions"; a team approach with coordination, collaboration and integration throughout the system, mutual respect and learning between corrections and health providers, staff dedicated to transitional services, and effective communication and information sharing among providers; comprehensive transitional activities and services including HIV, mental health and substance use services in prisons, timely and comprehensive discharge planning with specific linkages/appointments, supplies of medications on release, access to benefits and entitlements, case management and proactive follow-up on missed appointments; and releasees' commitment to transitional plans. These elements were generally present in both study states but their absence, which also sometimes occurred, represent ongoing challenges to success. The qualitative findings on the facilitators and challenges of the transitional systems were similar in the two states despite differences in context, demographics of target population, and system organization. Recommendations for improved transitional systems follow from the analysis of the facilitators and challenges.
A Modified Design of ACF Operation for Reducing PAPR of OFDM Signal
Creators: name: Mowla, M. M.
name: Ali, M. Y.
name: Hasan, S. M. M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Next generation wireless communication technology long term evolution (LTE) has implemented orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique as a strong candidate for radio access systems. It has several attributes such as providing robustness to multipath fading & impulse noise, eliminating intersymbol interference (ISI), inter carrier interference (ICI) & the need for equalizers. The major challenging issue of OFDM technique is the high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) which is defined as the ratio of the peak power to the average power of the OFDM signal. A trade-off is necessary for reducing PAPR with increasing bit error rate (BER), computational complexity or data rate loss etc. In this paper, a moderately modified design of amplitude clipping & filtering operation (ACF) is proposed and implemented which shows the significant improvement in case of PAPR reduction for both quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) & quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) while increasing slight BER match up to to an existing method.
description: 12 Pages, 8 Figures, 5 Tables. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1404.2233, arXiv:1403.3349, arXiv:1404.2300
Beidler SK, Douillet CD, Berndt DF et al.Inflammatory cytokine levels in chronic venous insufficiency ulcer tissue before and after compression therapy. J Vasc Surg 49:1013-1020
Creators: name: Keagy, Blair A.
name: Douillet, Christelle D.
name: Beidler, Stephanie K.
name: Marston, William A.
name: Berndt, Daniel F.
name: Rich, Preston B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Elevated inflammatory cytokine levels have been implicated in the pathogenesis of non-healing chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) ulcers. The goal of this study was to determine the protein levels of a wide range of inflammatory cytokines in untreated CVI ulcer tissue before and after 4 weeks of high-strength compression therapy. These levels were compared to cytokines present in healthy tissue. Thirty limbs with untreated CVI and leg ulceration received therapy for 4 weeks with sustained high-compression bandaging at an ambulatory wound center. Biopsies were obtained from healthy and ulcerated tissue before and after therapy. A multiplexed protein assay was used to measure multiple cytokines in a single sample. Patients were designated as rapid or delayed healers based on ulcer surface area change. The majority of pro-inflammatory cytokine protein levels were elevated in ulcer tissue compared to healthy tissue, and compression therapy significantly reduced these cytokines. TGF-beta1 was upregulated in ulcer tissue following compression therapy. Rapid healing ulcers had significantly higher levels of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, IL-12p40, and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) before compression therapy, and IL-1 Ra after therapy. IFN-gamma levels significantly decreased following therapy in the rapidly healing patients. CVI ulcer healing is associated with a pro-inflammatory environment prior to treatment that reflects metabolically active peri-wound tissue that has the potential to heal. Treatment with compression therapy results in healing that is coupled with reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and higher levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 Ra.
Biomarkers in peripheral arterial disease patients and near- and longer-term mortality
Creators: name: Denenberg, Julie O.
name: McDermott, Mary M.
name: Criqui, Michael H.
name: Ho, Lindsey A.
name: Ridker, Paul M.
name: Wassel, Christina L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: To determine in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) whether novel biomarkers improve prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and total mortality.
A pilot study of regional perfusion and oxygenation in calf muscles of individuals with diabetes with a noninvasive measure
Creators: name: An, Hongyu
name: Curci, John
name: Zheng, Jie
name: Coggan, Andrew
name: Hasting, Mary K.
name: Mueller, Michael J.
name: Zhang, Xiaodong
name: Snozek, Darrah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: To assess alterations in the regional perfusion and oxygenation of the calf muscles in individuals with diabetes.
Cuban Americans have the highest rates of peripheral arterial disease in diverse Hispanic/Latino communities
Creators: name: Raij, Leopoldo
name: Kaplan, Robert
name: Criqui, Michael H.
name: Heiss, Gerardo
name: Gonzalez, Franklyn
name: Allison, Matthew A.
name: Pattany, Maria S.
name: Ostfeld, Robert J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Since Hispanic ethnicity in the United States is heterogeneous, the purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) within US Hispanic/Latino groups defined by national background.
The X-ray eclipse geometry of CAL 87
Creators: name: Ribeiro, T.
name: de Oliveira, R. Lopes
name: Borges
name: W, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore XMM-{\it Newton} observations of the eclipsing super-soft X-ray source CAL~87 in order to map the accretion structures of the system. { Indirect imaging techniques were applied in X-ray light curves to provide eclipse maps}. The surface brightness distribution exhibits an extended and symmetric emission, { and from the hardest X-rays is revealed a feature that is likely due to a bright spot}. A rate of $\dot{P} = (+6\pm2) \times 10^{-10}$ for changes in the orbital period of the system was derived from the eclipses. There is no significant variation of the emission lines even during eclipses, arguing that the lines are formed in an extended region. The continuum emission dominates the decrease in flux which is observed during eclipses. The O\,{\small VIII} Ly$α$ line reveals a broadening velocity { which is} estimated in 365$^{+65}_{-69}$ km\,s$^{-1}$ (at 1$σ$) and marginal evidence for asymmetry in its profile, and sometimes shows evidence of double-peaked emission. Together, the results support that the wind-driven mass transfer scenario is running in CAL~87.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, published in ApJ
On the Uniqueness of Co-circular Four Body Central Configurations
Creators: name: Santoprete, Manuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study central configurations lying on a common circle in the Newtonian four-body problem. Using a topological argument we prove that there is at most one co-circular central configuration for each cyclic ordering of the masses on the circle.
The use of a T-maze to measure cognitive–motor function in cats (Felis catus)
Creators: name: DiRivera, Christina
name: Meeker, Rick B.
name: Hudson, Lola
name: Gruen, Margaret E.
name: Milgram, Bill
name: Sherman, Barbara L.
name: Thomson, Andrea
name: Clary, Gillian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Few tests have been developed to test the cognitive and motor capabilities of domestic cats, in spite of the suitability of cats for specific studies of neuroanatomy, infectious diseases, development, aging, and behavior. The present study evaluated a T-maze apparatus as a sensitive and reliable measure of cognition and motor function of cats. Eighteen purpose-bred, specific-pathogen-free, male, neutered domestic shorthair cats (Felis catus), 1-2 years of age, were trained and tested to a T-maze protocol using food rewards. The test protocol consisted of positional discrimination training (left arm or right arm) to criterion followed by two discrimination reversal tests. The two reversal tests documented the ability of the subjects to respond to a new reward location, and switch arms of the T-maze. Data were collected on side preference, number of correct responses, and latency of responses by the subjects. Aided by a customized computer program (CanCog Technologies), data were recorded electronically as each cat progressed from the start box to the reward arm. The protocol facilitated rapid training to a high and consistent level of performance during the discrimination training. This learning was associated with a decrease in the latency to traverse the maze to a mean of 4.80 ± 0.87 s indicating strong motivation and consistent performance. When the rewarded side was reversed in the test phase, cats required more trials to reach criterion, as expected, but again showed reliable learning. The latency to reward in the first session of reversal increased 86% from the first to the last trial indicating that it may provide a useful index of cognitive processing. Latencies subsequently decreased as the new reversal paradigm was learned. This paradigm provides a relatively rapid and reliable test of cognitive motor performance that can be used in various settings for evaluation of feline cognitive and motor function.
Rigidity of four-dimensional compact manifolds with harmonic Weyl tensor
Creators: name: Ribeiro, Ernani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The goal of this paper is to investigate the rigidity of 4-dimensional manifolds involving some pinching curvature conditions. To this end, we make use of the approach of biorthogonal curvature which is weaker than the sectional curvature. Here, we prove a rigidity result for 4-dimensional compact manifolds under a suitable lower bound condition on the minimum of the biorthogonal curvature. From this, we improve the pinching constants considered by some preceding works on a rigidity result for 4-dimensional manifolds.
description: Preliminary Version
Autologous Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Dogs with T-Cell Lymphoma
Creators: name: Suter, S.E.
name: Warry, E.E.
name: Willcox, J.L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BACKGROUND: Peripheral blood hematopoietic cell transplantation (PBHCT) is a feasible treatment option for dogs with B-cell lymphoma.

OBJECTIVE: To examine apheresis and PBHCT outcomes in dogs diagnosed with T-cell lymphoma (TCL).

ANIMALS: Fifteen client-owned dogs diagnosed with high-grade TCL.

METHODS: After high-dose cyclophosphamide and rhG-colony-stimulating (rhG-CSF) factor treatment, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected using cell separators. The harvested cells then were infused after varying doses of total body irradiation (TBI). Postirradiation adverse effects were managed symptomatically and dogs were discharged upon evidence of hematopoietic engraftment.

RESULTS: More than 2 × 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg were harvested from 15/15 dogs. Thirteen of 15 (87%) dogs engrafted appropriately, whereas 2 (13%) of the dogs died in the hospital. One dog developed cutaneous B-cell lymphoma 120 days post-PBHCT. The median disease-free interval and overall survival (OS) of the 13 dogs transplanted in first remission from the time of PBHCT were 184 and 240 days, respectively. Stage and substage of disease at diagnosis had no effect on OS. Two of 13 (15%) dogs were alive 741 and 772 days post-PBHCT.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: PBHCT may be considered as a treatment option for dogs with TCL.
Efficient network exploration by means of resetting self-avoiding random walkers
Creators: name: Colombani, Gaia
name: Bertagnolli, Giulia
name: Artime, Oriol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The self-avoiding random walk (SARW) is a stochastic process whose state variable avoids returning to previously visited states. This non-Markovian feature has turned SARWs a powerful tool for modelling a plethora of relevant aspects in network science, such as network navigability, robustness and resilience. We analytically characterize self-avoiding random walkers that evolve on complex networks and whose memory suffers stochastic resetting, that is, at each step, with a certain probability, they forget their previous trajectory and start free diffusion anew. Several out-of-equilibrium properties are addressed, such as the time-dependent position of the walker, the time-dependent degree distribution of the non-visited network and the first-passage time distribution, and its moments, to target nodes. We examine these metrics for different resetting parameters and network topologies, both synthetic and empirical, and find a good agreement with simulations in all cases. We also explore the role of resetting on network exploration and report a non-monotonic behavior of the cover time: frequent memory resets induce a global minimum in the cover time, significantly outperforming the well-known case of the pure random walk, while reset events that are too spaced apart become detrimental for the network discovery. Our results provide new insights into the profound interplay between topology and dynamics in complex networks, and shed light on the fundamental properties of SARWs in nontrivial environments.
description: 10 pages & 3 figures; Supp. Mat.: 11 pages & 15 figures
Fermionic path integral Monte Carlo results for the uniform electron gas at finite temperature
Creators: name: Filinov, V. S.
name: Fortov, V. E.
name: Bonitz, M.
name: Moldabekov, Zh.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The uniform electron gas (UEG) at finite temperature has recently attracted substantial interest due to the epxerimental progress in the field of warm dense matter. To explain the experimental data accurate theoretical models for high density plasmas are needed which crucially depend on the quality of the thermodynamic properties of the quantum degenerate correlated electrons. Recent fixed node path integral Monte Carlo (RPIMC) data are the most accurate for the UEG at finite temperature, but they become questionable at high degeneracy when the Brueckner parameter $r_s$ becomes smaller than $1$. Here we present new improved direct fermionic PIMC simulations that are exptected to be more accurate than RPIMC at high densities.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:cond-mat/0702049
Spin flip probability of electron due to torsional wave
Creators: name: Hammond, Richard T
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The probability of spin flip of an electron due to a torsional wave is calculated. It is compared to the electromagnetic case, and ways to detect torsion are discussed.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Genome-wide real-time PCR for West Nile virus reduces the false-negative rate and facilitates new strain discovery
Creators: name: Larson, Lindsay
name: Dittmer, Dirk P.
name: Vahrson, Wolfgang
name: Papin, James F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: West-Nile virus (WNV) causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Transplant and transfusion recipients as well as the elderly are particularly at risk. WNV shows strain variation from season to season and from locale to locale. This poses a significant problem for diagnosis. Most assays use a single primer pair to detect WNV by QPCR, and can fail to detect novel stains. To overcome this limitation, a genome-wide, multiple primer-based real-time QPCR assay was developed for WNV. The same assay can be used for quantitation, viral variant discovery as well as for amplification of the entire viral genome using a single annealing temperature. It improves upon routine diagnosis as well as facilitates laboratory investigations of the pathology of WNV.
Importance of anisotropic exchange interactions in honeycomb iridates. Minimal model for zigzag antiferromagnetic order in Na$_2$IrO$_3$
Creators: name: Sizyuk, Yuriy
name: Price, Craig
name: Wölfle, Peter
name: Perkins, Natalia B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we investigate the microscopic nature of the magnetism in honeycomb iridium-based systems by performing a systematic study of how the effective magnetic interactions in these compounds depend on various electronic microscopic parameters. We show that the minimal model describing the magnetism in A$_2$IrO$_3$ includes both isotropic and anisotropic Kitaev-type spin-exchange interactions between nearest and next-nearest neighbor Ir ions, and that the magnitude of the Kitaev interaction between next-nearest neighbor Ir magnetic moments is comparable with nearest neighbor interactions. We also find that, while the Heisenberg and the Kitaev interactions between nearest neighbors are correspondingly antiferro- and ferromagnetic, they both change sign for the next-nearest neighbors. Using classical Monte Carlo simulations we examine the magnetic phase diagram of the derived super-exchange model. Zigzag-type antiferromagnetic order is found to occupy a large part of the phase diagram of the model and, for ferromagnetic next-nearest neighbor Heisenberg interaction relevant for Na$_2$IrO$_3$, it can be stabilized even in the absence of third nearest neighbor coupling. Our results suggest that a natural physical origin of the zigzag phase experimentally observed in Na$_2$IrO$_3$ is due to the interplay of the Kitaev anisotropic interactions between nearest and next-nearest neighbors.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Equivalence of influenza A virus RNA recovery from nasal swabs when lysing the swab and storage medium versus storage medium alone
Creators: name: Stewart, Jill
name: Heaney, Christopher D.
name: Pisanic, Nora
name: Nadimpalli, Maya
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Surveillance of healthy individuals at high risk for zoonotic influenza A transmission is important for tracking trends in influenza A epidemiology. Practical measurement methods that maximize viral recovery and produce low variability are essential when low viral loads are expected. For this study, lysing both a nasal swab and its storage medium was compared to lysing the storage medium alone to determine which method results in greater influenza A virus recovery. Independent results from two laboratories suggest that including the swab in the lysis step does not lead to higher influenza A virus recovery, and that recovery is less variable when only the swab storage medium is extracted. These results indicate that simply lysing the swab storage medium is an effective extraction method for nasal swabs collected during studies of influenza A virus exposure among healthy populations.
Autocorrelation study of the Θ transition for a coarse-grained polymer model
Creators: name: Qi, Kai
name: Bachmann, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By means of Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations of a coarse-grained model for flexible polymers, we investigate how the integrated autocorrelation times of different energetic and structural quantities depend on the temperature. We show that, due to critical slowing down, an extremal autocorrelation time can also be considered as an indicator for the collapse transition that helps to locate the transition point. This is particularly useful for finite systems, where response quantities such as the specific heat do not necessarily exhibit clear indications for pronounced thermal activity.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Effect of acyclovir [9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine] on Epstein-Barr virus DNA replication.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1980

description: The effect of acyclovir [9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine] on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA replication in the lymphoblastoid cell lines P3HR-1 and Raji is reported. Acyclovir at a concentration of 100 microM completely inhibited EBV DNA synthesis in superinfected Raji cells, but did not inhibit DNA synthesis in mock-infected cells. The number of EBV genome equivalents per cell in the virus-producing cell line P3HR-1 was significantly reduced by acyclovir, whereas the number of latent EBV genomes in Raji cells was not affected by the drug. In situ cytohybridization performed on untreated P3HR-1 cultures revealed the presence of relatively large amounts of EBV DNA in 15 to 20% of the cells. After a 100 microM drug treatment, no P3HR-1 cells contained levels of EBV DNA detectable by in situ cytohybridization. Indirect immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that during treatment with 100 microM acyclovir for 7 days, the percentage of P3HR-1 cells expressing viral capsid antigen was reduced. The EBV DNA remaining in P3HR-1 cells after treatment with 100 microM acyclovir (approximately 14 genomes per cell) had the properties of covalently closed circular DNA with an average molecular weight of 108 X 10(6), as determined by contour length measurements.
Graphium sarpedon subsp. sirkari Page & Treadaway 2013
Creators: name: Cotton, Adam M.
name: Doleck, Tenzing
name: Zhang, Xin
name: Inayoshi, Yutaka
name: Lohman, David J.
name: Hu, Shao-Ji
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Papilionidae
Graphium
Graphium sarpedon
Graphium sarpedon sirkari page & treadaway, 2013

description: Graphium sarpedon sirkari Page & Treadaway, 2013
INDIA: 1♂, HOLOTYPE [illustration], Shillong, Khasi Hills, Assam, N. India, April–June 1968, leg. S. K. Sirkar. [SMF].
MYANMAR: 1♂, Hkasi (1,050 m), Tarung Hka River, N. Sagaing State, 2007-VII-14, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC]; 1♂, same locality, 2007-VIII-4, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC]; 1♂, same locality, 2008-VII-25, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC]; 1♂, between Pangmandim & Gawai, Mayhka River, N. Kachin State, 1996-IX-14, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC]; 1♂, Chudu Razi Hills, east of Kawnglanghpu, N.E. Kachin State, 2004-VI-24, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC]; 2♂♂, same locality, 2005-VI-26, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC]; 1♂, same locality, 2006-VII-17, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC]; 2♂♂, same locality, 2007-VII-5, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC]; 1♂, same locality, 2008-VI-24, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC].
CHINA: 1♂, Fugong, N.W. Yunnan, 2012-VII-17, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC].
description: Published as part of Cotton, Adam M., Doleck, Tenzing, Zhang, Xin, Inayoshi, Yutaka, Lohman, David J. & Hu, Shao-Ji, 2022, Graphium septentrionicolus Page & Treadaway, 2013 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) is a distinct species, pp. 211-224 in Zootaxa 5154 (2) on page 223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/6641416