cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1: of Poly (γ-Glutamic Acid) Promotes Enhanced Dechlorination of p-Chlorophenol by Fe-Pd Nanoparticles
Creators: name: Zhang, Shiyu
name: Zhang, Chao
name: Liu, Mingyue
name: Huang, Renliang
name: Su, Rongxin
name: Qi, Wei
name: He, Zhimin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Figure S1. SEM-EDS mappings of the Fe-Pd@PGA NPs. Figure S2. The suspension of Fe-Pd@PGA NPs standing for one day. Figure S3. SEM micrographs of Fe-Pd@PGA NPs with a PGA loading of 70 mg. Figure S4. Time courses of dechlorination using Fe-Pd@PGA NPs with the same loadings of PGA (20 mg) and Pd (0.8 wt%) at pH 5 and pH 9. Figure S5. UV-vis spectra of complexes of PGA and Fe2+ ions. (a) pH = 7, (b) pH = 9. Table S1. Elemental composition of Fe-Pd@PGA NPs with a PGA loading of 50 mg. (DOCX 786 kb)
Evidence for Evolution Among Primordial Disks in the 5 Myr Old Upper Scorpius OB Association
Creators: name: Dahm, S. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Moderate-resolution, near-infrared spectra between 0.8 and 5.2 microns were obtained for 12 late-type (K0-M3) disk-bearing members of the ~5 Myr old Upper Scorpius OB association using SpeX on the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility. For most sources, continuum excess emission first becomes apparent between ~2.2 and 4.5 microns and is consistent with that produced by single-temperature blackbodies having characteristic temperatures ranging from ~500 to 1300 K. The near-infrared spectra for 5 of 12 Upper Scorpius sources exhibit Pa-gamma, Pa-beta and Br-gamma emission, indicators of disk accretion. Using a correlation between Pa-beta and Br-gamma emission line luminosity and accretion luminosity, mass accretion rates (Mdot) are derived for these sources that range from Mdot = 3.5 X 10^{-10} to 1.5 X 10^{-8} MSun per yr. Merging the SpeX observations with Spitzer Space Telescope mid-infrared (5.4-37.0 micron) spectroscopy and 24 and 70 micron broadband photometry, the observed spectral energy distributions are compared with those predicted by two-dimensional, radiative transfer accretion disk models. Of the 9 Upper Scorpius sources examined in this analysis, 3 exhibit spectral energy distributions that are most consistent with models having inner disk radii that substantially exceed their respective dust sublimation radii. The remaining Upper Scorpius members possess spectral energy distributions that either show significant dispersion among predicted inner disk radii or are best described by models having inner disk rims coincident with the dust sublimation radius.
description: 35 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
Search for fingerprints of disoriented chiral condensates in cosmic ray showers
Creators: name: de Almeida, R. M.
name: Neto, J. R. T. de Mello
name: Fraga, E. S.
name: Santos, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although the generation of disoriented chiral condensates (DCCs), where the order parameter for chiral symmetry breaking is misaligned with respect to the vacuum direction in isospin state, is quite natural in the theory of strong interactions, they have so far eluded experiments in accelerators and cosmic rays. If DCCs are formed in high-energy nuclear collisions, the relevant outcome are very large event-by-event fluctuations in the neutral-to-charged pion fraction. In this note we search for fingerprints of DCC formation in observables of ultra-high energy cosmic ray showers. We present simulation results for the depth of the maximum ($X_{max}$) and number of muons on the ground, evaluating their sensitivity to the neutral-to-charged pion fraction asymmetry produced in the primary interaction.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Fault tolerant reconfiguration of multi-satellite interactions using high-level petri nets
Creators: name: Einafshar, Atefeh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: An integrated reconfiguration performance model for interacting satellite networks is an important tool in analyzing reliability and developing protocols for uninterrupted operation. However, such a quantitative model is not easy to develop since it involves many parameters related to the network’s operation and all the earth-linked operational information communicated through it. The aim of this study is to propose an integrated communication model for a network of interacting satellites using high-level petri nets which permit sub-network reconfiguration without loss of communication ability whenever there are satellite communication faults or full failures. To quantify the Vulnerability, Uncertainty and Probability (VUP) in a network a Stochastic Petri Net (SPN) based model is developed. Three indicators are proposed to determine the VUP definitions in interacting network of satellites. To model the overall reconfiguration schemes of a network of interacting satellites, Colored Petri Nets (CPN) paradigm is used so as to simulate the reconfiguration operation of the integrated Networked Control System (NCS). A modular representation of the interacting satellites with the network in terms of satellites’ subsystems and their interconnection together and through the network is provided. Transmission network is modeled through senders and receivers including packet-data transmission. The four developed reconfiguration methods are used to recover the network in case of partial/ full failures occur in the system. The proposed approaches are then used to study the overall response time of a given NCS in interacting satellites, as well as the delays between the mutual senders and receivers. Simulations of the detailed models show that the networked control performance of the interacting satellites, in particular with reference to any satellite failure, can be improved with inclusion of appropriate monitors within the networked system as represented by sub-networks in the CPN model. The suggested integrated networked control schemes can be used to obtain a fault tolerant reconfiguration for a required network performance.
Evolution of Snow Line in Optically Thick Protoplanetary Disks: Effects of Water Ice Opacity and Dust Grain Size
Creators: name: Oka, Akinori
name: Nakamoto, Taishi
name: Ida, Shigeru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evolution of a snow line in an optically-thick protoplanetary disk is investigated with numerical simulations. The ice-condensing region in the disk is obtained by calculating the temperature and the density with the 1+1D approach. The snow line migrates as the mass accretion rate (\dot{M}) in the disk decreases with time. Calculations are carried out from an early phase with high disk accretion rates (\dot{M} \sim 10^{-7} M_sun/yr) to a later phase with low disk accretion rates (\dot{M} \sim 10^{-12} M_sun/yr) using the same numerical method. It is found that the snow line moves inward for \dot{M} > 10^{-10} M_sun/yr, while it gradually moves outward in the later evolution phase with \dot{M} < 10^{-10} M_sun/yr. In addition to the silicate opacity, the ice opacity is taken into consideration. In the inward migration phase, the additional ice opacity increases the distance of the snow line from the central star by a factor of 1.3 for dust grains < 10 micro-meter in size and 1.6 for > 100 micro-meter. It is inevitable that the snow line comes inside the Earth's orbit in the course of the disk evolution, if the alpha viscosity parameter is in a range 0.001-0.1, the dust-to-gas mass ratio is higher than a tenth of the solar abundance value, and the dust grains are smaller than 1 mm. The formation of water-devoid planetesimals in the terrestrial planet region seems to be difficult throughout the disk evolution, which imposes a new challenge to planet formation theory.
description: to be published in ApJ
Simplicial presheaves of coalgebras
Creators: name: Raptis, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The category of simplicial R-coalgebras over a presheaf of commutative unital rings on a small Grothendieck site is endowed with a left proper, simplicial, cofibrantly generated model category structure where the weak equivalences are the local weak equivalences of the underlying simplicial presheaves. This model category is naturally linked to the R-local homotopy theory of simplicial presheaves and the homotopy theory of simplicial R-modules by Quillen adjunctions. We study the comparison with the R-local homotopy category of simplicial presheaves in the special case where R is a presheaf of algebraically closed (or perfect) fields. If R is a presheaf of algebraically closed fields, we show that the R-local homotopy category of simplicial presheaves embeds fully faithfully in the homotopy category of simplicial R-coalgebras.
description: 24 pages
Statistical description of electrodiffusion processes in the electron subsystem of a semibounded metal within the generalized jellium model
Creators: name: Kostrobij, P. P.
name: Markovych, B. M.
name: Vasylenko, A. I.
name: Tokarchuk, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the calculation of the quasiequilibrium statistical sum by means of the functional integration method, we obtained a nonequilibrium statistical operator for the electron subsystem of a semibounded metal in the framework of the generalized jellium model in the Gaussian and higher approximations with respect to the dynamic electron correlations. This approach allows one to go beyond the linear approximation with respect to the gradient of the electrochemical potential corresponding to weakly nonequilibrium processes and to obtain generalized transport equations that describe nonlinear processes.
description: 13 pages
title: Mechanisms of Synergistic Effect Between Nanosecond Electric Pulse and Nonthermal Plasma to Treat Pancreatic Cancer
Creators: name: Minhas, Zobia
name: Ayobami Oshin, Edwin
name: Colunga Biancatelli, Ruben Manuel Luciano
name: Catravas, John D.
name: Heller, Richard
name: Guo, Siqi
name: Jiang, Chunqi
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Pancreatic cancer is a significant cause of cancer-associated mortality. Currently, prevention or early diagnosis at a curable stage is exceedingly difficult. The standard of care is surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, which are largely ineffective against late-stage pancreatic cancer. New effective therapeutics or drugs are desperately needed for this deadly disease.

We previously reported that nanosecond electric pulses (nsEP) could be an effective therapy to treat pancreatic cancer in animal models. However, owing to the demand for high-intensive electric fields, all currently available designs of nsEP delivery systems can only treat small tumors (4-7 mm). To overcome this hurdle, we propose a combination of nsEP with non-thermal plasma (NTP) to treat large tumors with clinically relevant sizes. Previously, we reported that a synergistic effect resulted from moderate nsEP and NTP dosages to treat Pan02 pancreatic cancer cells. In this study we designed experiments to further determine the underlying mechanism. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell death and its relation to mitochondrial membrane potential drop were analyzed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. We demonstrated that ROS generation was nsEP-dose dependent. ROS from both mitochondria and cytoplasm were upregulated with individual treatments compared to the control. Importantly, the combination treatment induced the highest level of ROS increase, indicating that ROS may participate in the cell death mechanism. Ongoing studies include the analysis of cell death pathways by Western Blot and proteomics to further identify specific death pathway(s) involved and its correlation with ROS. Our next step is to develop a prototype nsEP and NTP dual delivery system to effectively treat large pancreatic cancer in animal models and investigate if immune outcomes can be resulted from this combination therapy.
Buchwald-Hartwig reaction: An overview
Creators: name: Mommahed Heravi, Majid
name: Kheilkordi, Zohreh
name: Zadsirjan, Vahideh
name: Heydari, Masumeh
name: Malmir, Masoumeh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 30302 Nanochemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30502 Natural Products Chemistry
subject: 30205 Non-metal Chemistry
subject: 30503 Organic Chemical Synthesis
subject: 30303 Optical Properties of Materials
subject: 30599 Organic Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: 30504 Organic Green Chemistry
subject: 39904 Organometallic Chemistry

description: Pd-catalyzed amination reaction of aryl halides has attracted much attention in recent years. This review underscores selected important recent developments in the catalysis of one of the kind amination reaction so-called Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction. This development has been achieved via utilization of sterically hindered phosphine ancillary ligands. Our purpose here is giving information to the readers about recent advances in this strategy for the C-N bond formation, especially applied for construction of various heterocyclic systems. In this review, we also deliberate the applications of this name reaction as an important C-N cross-coupling reaction applied to the total synthesis of natural products.
Automated Software Testing Using Metahurestic Technique Based on An Ant Colony Optimization
Creators: name: Srivastava, Praveen Ranjan
name: Baby, Km
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Software testing is an important and valuable part of the software development life cycle. Due to time, cost and other circumstances, exhaustive testing is not feasible that's why there is a need to automate the software testing process. Testing effectiveness can be achieved by the State Transition Testing (STT) which is commonly used in real time, embedded and web-based type of software systems. Aim of the current paper is to present an algorithm by applying an ant colony optimization technique, for generation of optimal and minimal test sequences for behavior specification of software. Present paper approach generates test sequence in order to obtain the complete software coverage. This paper also discusses the comparison between two metaheuristic techniques (Genetic Algorithm and Ant Colony optimization) for transition based testing
description: Electronic System Design (ISED), 2010 International Symposium on Issue Date: 20-22 Dec. 2010 On page(s): 235 - 240 Location: Bhubaneswar Print ISBN: 978-1-4244-8979-4 INSPEC Accession Number: 11835766 Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/ISED.2010.52
Lateral Confinement of Electrons in Vicinal N-polar AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure
Creators: name: Nath, Digbijoy N.
name: Keller, Stacia
name: Hsieh, Eric
name: DenBaars, Steven P.
name: Mishra, Umesh K.
name: Rajan, Siddharth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied orientation dependent transport in vicinal N-polar AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. We observed significant anisotropy in the current carrying charge parallel and perpendicular to the miscut direction. A quantitative estimate of the charge anisotropy was made based on gated TLM and Hall measurements. The formation of electro-statically confined one-dimensional channels is hypothesized to explain charge anisotropy. A mathematical model was used to verify that polarization charges distributed on miscut structure can create lateral one-dimensional confinement in vicinal substrates. This polarization-engineered electrostatic confinement observed is promising for new research on low-dimensional physics and devices besides providing a template for manufacturable one-dimensional devices.
Phonon Life-times from first principles self consistent lattice dynamics
Creators: name: Souvatzis, Petros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phonon lifetime calculations from first principles usually rely on time consuming molecular dynamics calculations, or density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) where the zero temperature crystal structure is assumed to be dynamically stable. Here a new and effective method for calculating phonon lifetimes from first principles is presented, not limited to crystal structures stable at 0 K, and potentially much more effective than most corresponding molecular dynamics calculations. The method is based on the recently developed self consistent lattice dynamical method and is here tested by calculating the bcc phase phonon lifetimes of Li, Na, Ti and Zr, as representative examples.
description: 4 pages, 4 figurs
Synergistic effects of gene polymorphisms of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system on essential hypertension in Kazakhs in Xinjiang
Creators: name: Niu, Shudong
name: Zhang, Bin
name: Zhang, Keyong
name: Zhu, Pengcheng
name: Li, Jingping
name: Sun, Yujing
name: He, Ning
name: Zhang, Mingtao
name: Gao, Zhiying
name: Li, Xueyan
name: Simayi, Amuti
name: Ge, Jie
name: Cong, Mingyu
name: Zhou, Wenna
name: Qiu, Changchun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Objective: To assess the synergistic effects of gene polymorphisms of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) on essential hypertension (EH) in Kazakhs in Xinjiang. Methods: A cross-sectional case-control association study was conducted in 52 1 hypertensive and 623 normotensive subjects of Kazakh ethnicity on eight common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) interspersed over five genes of the RAAS. SNPs were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Interactions among the SNPs were analyzed by the multifactor dimensionality reduction method (MDR). Results: In single-locus analysis, subjects with AGT -6G, ACE D, and CYP11B2 -344C had increased susceptibility to EH (OR: 1.249; 1.425; 1.201). When subgrouped by sex, males with the t allele of REN Taq I had decreased risk for EH (OR: 0.529), and those with AGT -6G and CYP11B2 -344 C had increased risk for EH (OR: 1.498; 1.449). In females, carrying ACE D increased the risk for EH. (OR: 1.327). In six AGT haplotypes, H1 was protective, while H3 increased susceptibility to EH (OR: 0.683; 2.025). Interaction analysis by MDR showed that there was a strong synergistic effect between ACE I/D and CY11B2 (T-344C) and a moderate interaction between both ACE I/D and CY11B2 T-344C and AGT A-6G. Conclusions: There was a strong synergistic effect between ACE I/D and CY11B2 T-344C and a moderate effect between both ACE I/D and CY11B2 T-344C and AGT A-6G. AGT -6G, ACE D, and CY11B2 -344C increased susceptibility to EH. REN Taq I, AGT -6G, CY11B2 -344 C and ACE D were associated with male and female EH, respectively. H1 and H3 of AGT were protective and risk haplotypes, respectively.
Additional file 2: of Development of an enterprise risk inventory for healthcare
Creators: name: Etges, Ana
name: Grenon, Veronique
name: Lu, Ming
name: Cardoso, Ricardo
name: de Souza, Joana
name: Kliemann Neto, Francisco JosĂŠ
name: Felix, Elaine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The enterprise risk inventory survey. (DOCX 29 kb)
Ag/GNS conductive laminated woven fabrics for EMI shielding applications
Creators: name: Cheng, Hung-Chuan
name: Chen, Chong-Rong
name: Cheng, Kuo-Bing
name: Hsu, Shan-hui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: In flexible electronics, a highly electroconductive, flexible, and durable material is important for various applications. This study describes the property changes in graphene nanosheets (GNSs) doped into a conductive silver (Ag) paste that is used to form a grid-style pattern on a polyurethane hot melt film (PU HMF) for electromagnetic wave shielding. Electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and bending tests were performed for materials fabricated by an electronic printing method. The results showed that the conductive paste with a loading of 0.3 wt% GNSs (3SC) had good electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE, 49.9 dB at 1800 MHz), much better electrical conductivity (4.63*104 S/cm) than the pure silver paste (1.38*104 S/cm), and an improved bending ability. The coefficient of variation of GNS loading (3.01% to 3.80%) under 1000 cyclic bending tests was better than that of the pure silver paste (6.94%) at 2.4% strain, but the results under 500 cyclic elongation tests at 10.0% strain did not exhibit the same pattern. The coefficients of variation (CVs) of all samples in the GNS group (8.3–13.3%) were worse than those of the pure silver group (6.3%) after the elongation test. The reason for the differences in the electrical conductivity and flexibility was explained by the SEM results, which indicated notable damage after the bending and elongation tests. Woven fabrics laminated with a PU/Ag/GNS conductive film that were doped with different amounts of fillers were successfully manufactured by electronic printing and can be used for Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding materials, electrodes for sensor components, wearable elements, smart home textiles, and conductive materials, for example.
Additional file 3: of Development of an enterprise risk inventory for healthcare
Creators: name: Etges, Ana
name: Grenon, Veronique
name: Lu, Ming
name: Cardoso, Ricardo
name: de Souza, Joana
name: Kliemann Neto, Francisco JosĂŠ
name: Felix, Elaine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The enterprise risk inventory. (DOCX 32 kb)
Enhanced standoff sensing resolution using quantum illumination
Creators: name: Guha, Saikat
name: Shapiro, Jeffrey H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Loss and noise quickly destroy quantum entanglement. Nevertheless, recent work has shown that a quadrature-entangled light source can reap a substantial performance advantage over all classical-state sources of the same average transmitter power in scenarios whose loss and noise makes them entanglement breaking, standoff target-detection being an example. In this paper, we make a first step in extending this quantum illumination paradigm to the optical imaging domain, viz., to obtain better spatial resolution for standoff optical sensing. Our canonical imaging scenario---restricted, for simplicity, to one transverse dimension---is taken to be that of resolving one versus two closely-spaced in-phase specular point targets. We show that an entangled-state transmitter, which uses continuous-wave-pumped spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC), achieves an error-probability exponent that exceeds that of all classical-state transmitters of the same average power. Using these error-exponent results, we find the ultimate spatial-resolution limits for coherent-state and SPDC imaging systems that use their respective quantum-optimal receivers, thus quantifying the latter's spatial-resolution advantage over the former. We also propose a structured optical receiver that is ideally capable of harnessing 3 dB (of the full 6 dB) gain in the error-probability exponent achievable by the SPDC transmitter and its quantum-optimal receiver.
description: This 4-page article is based on a contributed talk presented at the Tenth International Conference on Quantum Communication, Measurement and Computation (QCMC) 2010, in Brisbane, Australia (http://qcmc2010.org/). This article has been submitted for the proceedings volume of QCMC 2010. After it is published, it will be available at http://proceedings.aip.org/
Additional file 1 of Changes of DNA methylation are associated with changes in lung function during adolescence
Creators: name: Sunny, Shadia Khan
name: Zhang, Hongmei
name: Rezwan, Faisal I.
name: Relton, Caroline L.
name: Henderson, A. John
name: Merid, Simon Kebede
name: Melén, Erik
name: Hallberg, Jenny
name: Arshad, S. Hasan
name: Ewart, Susan
name: Holloway, John W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1 Table S1. List of CpGs (k = 42) at which changes of DNA-M were significantly associated with changes of FEV1/FVC in females in IOW cohort and examined among the females in ALSPAC and BAMSE cohorts.
Characterization of the Huntingtin gene promoter and Huntingtin transcriptional regulation
Creators: name: De Souza, Rebecca Anne Grace
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a late onset, neurological, autosomal dominant genetic disorder. Despite being associated to a defined genetic mutation within the huntingtin gene (HTT), little is known about its transcriptional regulation. HTT is expressed, at varying levels, throughout the body. At the current time, the transcriptional regulation mechanisms controlling this differential expression pattern are unknown. Previous studies have focused on the genomic region directly preceding HTT’s transcriptional start site. The purpose of this thesis was to utilize the current understanding of mammalian transcriptional regulation to further characterize the HTT promoter and to expand the search for transcriptional regulatory regions outside the promoter. To direct this search a bioinfomatic screen was conducted, which identified 11 putative regions. Potential transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) within these regions were identified through the use of available chIP-seq datasets. Curation of the TFBSs within the putative regions lead to selection of the 9th region, in addition to the promoter, for further study. To test the functionality of region 9 and identified candidate transcription factors (TFs), a panel of human kidney and rat neuronal cell lines were established. These cell lines stably expressed either the HTT promoter or region 9 luciferase constructs. Candidate TFs were tested using siRNA mediated knockdown. Knockdown of selected candidate TFs did not modulate HTT promoter function. The role of DNA methylation on transcriptional regulation of HTT was also explored using the Illumina 450K Methylation Array. Tissue specific DNA methylation of HTT using human cortex and liver tissues identified 33 differentially methylated sites. The role of the HD mutation on local and global DNA methylation was also investigated, finding no changes to local DNA and 15 differentially methylated regions globally. In conclusion, a data driven bioinfomatic search has expanded potential regulatory regions beyond that of the promoter of the HTT gene. A first attempt at identifying crucial TFs involved in HTT regulation was not successful, however additional candidates remain to be tested. A role for DNA methylation in tissue specific regulation of HTT has been identified, while the HD mutation itself does not appear to affect HTT DNA methylation.
Stellar Archaeology -- Exploring the Universe with Metal-Poor Stars
Creators: name: Frebel, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The abundance patterns of the most metal-poor stars in the Galactic halo and small dwarf galaxies provide us with a wealth of information about the early Universe. In particular, these old survivors allow us to study the nature of the first stars and supernovae, the relevant nucleosynthesis processes responsible for the formation and evolution of the elements, early star- and galaxy formation processes, as well as the assembly process of the stellar halo from dwarf galaxies a long time ago. This review presents the current state of the field of "stellar archaeology" -- the diverse use of metal-poor stars to explore the high-redshift Universe and its constituents. In particular, the conditions for early star formation are discussed, how these ultimately led to a chemical evolution, and what the role of the most iron-poor stars is for learning about Population III supernovae yields. Rapid neutron-capture signatures found in metal-poor stars can be used to obtain stellar ages, but also to constrain this complex nucleosynthesis process with observational measurements. Moreover, chemical abundances of extremely metal-poor stars in different types of dwarf galaxies can be used to infer details on the formation scenario of the halo. and the role of dwarf galaxies as Galactic building blocks. I conclude with an outlook as to where this field may be heading within the next decade. A table of ~1000 metal-poor stars and their abundances as collected from the literature is provided in electronic format.
description: Ludwig Biermann Award Lecture 2009; data table can be found at http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~afrebel/abundances/abund.html; published in AN 331, 474
Modelling human cell protein phosphorylation networks
Creators: name: Javad, Safaei Mehranpour
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Defects in cell signalling networks are linked to over 400 human diseases. My thesis research aimed to model these networks in more detail to facilitate understanding of their architecture and operations under normal and pathological conditions. The various protein levels in diverse normal human cell and tissue types were inferred from their mRNA expressions, and their up/down-regulation was also investigated in about 300 human cancer cell lines and 50 types of human cancers. This was based on meta-analyses of gene microarray measurements deposited in the USA National Center for Biotechnology Information's Gene Expression Omnibus database. I identified proteins that were commonly or uniquely expressed in normal and cancerous human cells and tissues. The co-expression patterns of proteins were used to predict potential interactions, but there was not a strong correlation between high co-expression and actual direct protein-protein interactions documented in the scientific literature. With respect to the post-translational regulation of proteins, my research efforts primarily targeted protein phosphorylation, which is the most predominant type of reversible covalent modification of proteins. Complex protein phosphorylation networks emerge through the interplay of protein kinases, protein phosphatases, phosphorylation site-dependent binding proteins, and their phosphoprotein substrates. I modelled the interactions of protein kinases with substrate proteins and inhibitory compounds. Nearly a million human phosphosites were predicted, and each of these was tested in silico as substrates for 500 human protein kinases. The interactions of over 550 known protein kinase inhibitory drugs with the 500 protein kinases were also tested. These predicted interactions were compared with empirical data from other on-line protein-protein and protein-drug interaction databases. The human phosphosites were also analysed with respect to their protein conservation in over 20 other diverse species, and it was found that threonine phosphosites in protein kinases that were activatory were particularly well conserved in evolution. Finally, probabilistic graphical models were developed to model the most probable structure of substrate phosphosites for specific protein kinases. The discussed probabilistic graphical model, gave more theory justifications for the protein-protein interaction modelling that was presented in the earlier parts of the thesis.
Hydrodynamical Methods in Last Passage Percolation Models
Creators: name: Cator, Eric
name: Pimentel, Leandro P. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: These lecture notes are written as reference material for the Advanced Course "Hydrodynamical Methods in Last Passage Percolation Models", given at the 28th Coloquio Brasileiro de Matematica at IMPA, Rio de Janeiro, July 2011.
A Paradoxical Property of the Monkey Book
Creators: name: Bernhardsson, Sebastian
name: Baek, Seung Ki
name: Minnhagen, Petter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A "monkey book" is a book consisting of a random distribution of letters and blanks, where a group of letters surrounded by two blanks is defined as a word. We compare the statistics of the word distribution for a monkey book with the corresponding distribution for the general class of random books, where the latter are books for which the words are randomly distributed. It is shown that the word distribution statistics for the monkey book is different and quite distinct from a typical sampled book or real book. In particular the monkey book obeys Heaps' power law to an extraordinary good approximation, in contrast to the word distributions for sampled and real books, which deviate from Heaps' law in a characteristics way. The somewhat counter-intuitive conclusion is that a "monkey book" obeys Heaps' power law precisely because its word-frequency distribution is not a smooth power law, contrary to the expectation based on simple mathematical arguments that if one is a power law, so is the other.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Supplementary Material from Distillation of non-locality in porous solids
Creators: name: Patnaik, Sansit
name: Jokar, Mehdi
name: Ding, Wei
name: Semperlotti, Fabio
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023

description: Non-local interactions are intrinsic to multiscale heterogeneous solids. The strength of the interactions exhibits a position-dependent character whose spatial distribution strongly correlates with the underlying microstructure. In this work, a variable-order fractional calculus-based framework to distill the position-dependent non-local effects is developed. By considering the example of porous plates, theoretical and numerical analyses will illustrate the ability of variable-order mechanics to enable parsimonious and causal models via a synthetic variable-order map that naturally measures the heterogeneous non-locality induced by the microstructure; on other terms, the non-classical role of the microstructure in determining the macroscopic response. The characteristic measure for non-locality, different from the local entanglement resulting from the porosity map, allows distillation of the macroscopic non-locality, analogous to quantum non-locality distillation. The macroscopic distillation also enables the additivity of the order map, that is the ability of assembled order maps to capture the response of combined porous plates.
Anti-defect engineering toward high luminescent efficiency in whitlockite phosphors
Creators: name: Pan, Xin
name: Mei, Lefu
name: Zhuang, Yixi
name: Seto, Takatoshi
name: WANG, Yuhua
name: Plyaskin, Mikhail E.
name: Xi, Wei
name: Li, Chao
name: Guo, Qingfeng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 90605 Photodetectors, Optical Sensors and Solar Cells
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 90606 Photonics and Electro-Optical Engineering (excl. Communications)
subject: 90406 Powder and Particle Technology
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering
subject: 91006 Manufacturing Processes and Technologies (excl. Textiles)
subject: 91205 Functional Materials
subject: FOS: Materials engineering
subject: 91203 Compound Semiconductors
subject: 90403 Chemical Engineering Design
subject: 91201 Ceramics

description: Lacking an effective strategy to simultaneously address the challenges of quantum efficiency, luminescence intensity and thermal stability has become the key bottleneck for further development and large-scale application of solid-state lighting technology. Herein, inspired by the defect-engineering used in photoelectrocatalytic and photovoltaic materials, we acted in a diametrically opposite way and unprecedentedly proposed an anti-defect engineering strategy to develop high-efficiency phosphors. By constructing a rigid structure and introducing alkali metals to remove cation vacancy defects, similar to building blocks and jigsaw puzzle, we developed three groups of whitlockite phosphors, namely Ca3-xSrx(PO4)2:Ce3+, Ca3(PO4)2:Ce3+,M and (Ca0.5Sr0.5)3(PO4)2:Ce3+,Na+,Mn2+, and synchronously realized the significant of photoluminescence intensity (2.46 times), thermal stability (87.92% at 150 °C), cathodoluminescence intensity (3.34 times), quantum yield (from 38.90% to 99.07%). We characterized the defect concentration by positron annihilation lifetime spectrum, and calculated Debye temperature and simulated the occupation of M according to DFT theory to reveal the improvement mechanism. Some advanced applications were also explored in this work, including warm-white LEDs, plant growth lighting and information security. The anti-defect engineering proposed in this work may contribute to the further development of high-efficiency phosphors for the next-generation smart solid-state lighting technologies.
The effects of azo-oxadiazole-based bent-shaped molecules on the temperature range and the light-responsive performance of blue phase liquid crystal
Creators: name: Yu, Yong-Bo
name: He, Wan-Li
name: Jiang, Zi-Mo
name: Yu, Zhao-Feng
name: Ren, Lei
name: Lu, Ying
name: Yang, Zhou
name: Cao, Hui
name: Wang, Dong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Plant Biology

description: A series of light-responsive azo-oxadiazole-based bent-shaped molecules was synthesised and characterised. Their effects as dopants on the blue phases (BPs) range of the chiral nematic liquid crystal (N*LC) matrix and light-responsive properties including the photo-inducing change of UV absorption properties, photo-adjusting the BP structure as well as the temperature range were investigated. It was found that the azo-oxadiazole-based bent-shaped molecules with branched terminal had better miscibility in LC host than the molecules with straight terminal, and that increasing the length of rigid core of bent-shaped molecules will greatly improve the effect of widening the BP temperature range.
Femtosecond core level photoemision spectroscopy on 1T-TaS2 using 60 eV laser source
Creators: name: Ishizaka, K.
name: Kiss, T.
name: Yamamoto, T.
name: Ishida, Y.
name: Saitoh, T.
name: Matsunami, M.
name: Eguchi, R.
name: Ohtsuki, T.
name: Kosuge, A.
name: Kanai, T.
name: Nohara, M.
name: Takagi, H.
name: Watanabe, S.
name: Shin, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (trPES) can directly detect transient electronic structure, thus bringing out its promising potential to clarify nonequilibrium processes arising in condensed matters. Here we report the result of core-level (CL) trPES on 1T-TaS2, realized by developing a high-intensity 60 eV laser obtained by high-order harmonic (HH) generation. Ta4f CL-trPES offers the transient amplitude of the charge-density-wave (CDW), via the site-selective and real-time observation of Ta electrons. The present result indicates an ultrafast photoinduced melting and recovery of CDW amplitude, followed by a peculiar long-life oscillation (i.e. collective amplitudon excitation) accompanying the transfer of 0.01 electrons among adjacent Ta atoms. CL-trPES offers a broad range of opportunities for investigating the ultrafast atom-specific electron dynamics in photo-related phenomena of interest.
The targum (1876:Feb.)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1876

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Sub-arcsecond [FeII] spectro-imaging of the DG Tau jet: Periodic bubbles and a dusty disk wind?
Creators: name: Agra-Amboage, V.
name: Dougados, C.
name: Cabrit, S.
name: Reunanen, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present SINFONI/VLT observations of the DG Tauri jet in the [FeII] lines with 0.15" angular resolution and R=3000 spectral resolution. We observe an onion-like velocity structure in [FeII] in the blueshifted jet, similar to that observed in optical lines. High-velocity gas at ~-200 km/s is collimated inside a half-opening angle of 4 degrees and medium-velocity gas at ~-100 km/s in a cone with an half-opening angle 14 degrees. Two new axial jet knots are detected in the blue jet, as well as a more distant bubble with corresponding counter-bubble. The periodic knot ejection timescale is revised downward to 2.5 yrs. The redshifted jet is detected only beyond 0.7" from the star, yielding revised constraints on the disk surface density. From comparison to [OI] data we infer iron depletion of a factor 3 at high velocities and a factor 10 at speeds below -100 km/s. The mass-fluxes in each of the medium and high-velocity components of the blueshifted lobe are ~1.6+-0.8x10^-8 Msun/yr, representing 0.02-0.2 of the disk accretion rate. The medium-velocity conical [FeII] flow in the DG Tau jet is too fast and too narrow to trace photo-evaporated matter from the disk atmosphere. Both its kinematics and collimation cannot be reproduced by the X-wind, nor can the "conical magnetospheric wind". The level of Fe gas phase depletion in the DG Tau medium-velocity component also rules out a stellar wind and a cocoon ejected sideways from the high-velocity beam. A quasi-steady centrifugal MHD disk wind ejected over 0.25-1.5 AU and/or episodic magnetic tower cavities launched from the disk appear as the most plausible origins for the medium velocity component in the DG Tau jet. The same disk wind model can also account for the properties of the high-velocity flow, although alternative origins in magnetospheric and/or stellar winds cannot be excluded for this component.
Constraining pulsar gap models with the light-curve and flux properties of the gamma-ray pulsar population
Creators: name: Pierbattista, Marco
name: Grenier, Isabelle
name: Harding, Alice
name: Gonthier, Peter L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare population synthesis results for inner and outer magnetosphere emission models with the various characteristics measured in the first LAT pulsar catalogue for both the radio-loud and radio-weak or radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsars. We show that all models fail to reproduce the observations: for each model there is a lack of luminous and energetic objects that suggest a non dipolar magnetic field structure or spin-down evolution. The large dispersion that we find in the simulated gamma-ray luminosity versus spin-down power relation does not allow to use the present trend seen in the Fermi data to distinguish among models. For each model and each Fermi detected pulsar, we have generated light curves as a function of obliquity and inclination angles. The theoretical curves were fitted to the observed one, using a maximum-likelihood approach, to derive the best-fit orientations and to compare how well each model can reproduce the data. Including the radio light-curve gives an additional key constraint to restrict the orientation space
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the Pulsar 2010 Conference, Italy, 10 - 15 October 2010
Embedding topological semigroups into the hyperspaces over topological groups
Creators: name: Banakh, Taras
name: Hryniv, Olena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20M18, 20M30, 22A15, 54B20

description: We study algebraic and topological properties of subsemigroups of the hyperspace exp(G) of non-empty compact subsets of a topological group G endowed with the Vietoris topology and the natural semigroup operation. On this base we prove that a compact Clifford topological semigroup S is topologically isomorphic to a subsemigroup of exp(G) for a suitable topological group G if and only if S is a topological inverse semigroup with zero-dimensional idempotent semilattice.
description: 14 pages