cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Zyras (Zyras)
Creators: name: Assing, Volker
name: V, North
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Zyras

description: Zyras (Zyras) sp. 1
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Vietnam: 1♀, 6 km NW Sa Pa, 22°22'N, 103°47'E, 1810 m, margin of pasture with bushes and small trees, litter and roots sifted, 7.VIII.2013, leg. Assing (cAss).
 C o m m e n t: The above female probably represents an undescribed species closely allied to Zyras setosivestis SCHEERPELTZ, 1965, a species described and known only from Burma. It differs from Z. funestus, which belongs to the same species group, by distinctly larger size, darker coloration, much longer and more slender antennae, and by the distinctly finer and shallower punctation of the forebody.
description: Published as part of Assing, Volker & V, North, 2015, On the Lomechusini fauna of Vietnam (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 1257-1282 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 47 (2) on page 1276, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5282217
Geodesics on extensions of Lie groups and stability; the superconductivity equation
Creators: name: Vizman, Cornelia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58B20, 58D05

description: The equations of motion of a charged ideal fluid, respectively the superconductivity equation (both in a given magnetic field) are showed to be geodesic equations on a general, respectively central extension of the group of volume preserving diffeomorphisms with right invariant metric. For this, quantization of the magnetic flux is required. We do curvature computations in both cases in order to get some informations about the stability.
description: 14 pages, Latex2e
Liatongus imitator Balthasar 1938
Creators: name: Bezděk, Aleš
name: Hájek, Jiří
name: Ascr, Biology Centre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Liatongus
Liatongus imitator

description: Liatongus imitator Balthasar, 1938
 Liatongus imitator Balthasar, 1938b: 98.
Four syntypes are deposited in NMPC (ex coll. V. Balthasar):
SYNTYPE (J): ‘Giufu-Shan / Szechuan / Em. Reitter [p] // Typus [p, red label, black margin] // Liatongus / imitator n.sp. [hw] / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p]’.
SYNTYPES (2 JJ): ‘Giufu-Shan / Szechuan / Em. Reitter [p] // Typus [p, red label, black margin]’.
SYNTYPE (♀): ‘Tatsienlu-Kiulung / China Em. Reitter [p] // Typus [p, red label, black margin]’.
 Current status. Valid species.
description: Published as part of Bezděk, Aleš, Hájek, Jiří & Ascr, Biology Centre, 2012, Catalogue of type specimens of beetles (Coleoptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 297-334 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52 (1) on page 324, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5330401
Let's Get the FACS Straight -- Reconstructing Obstructed Facial Features
Creators: name: Büchner, Tim
name: Sickert, Sven
name: Volk, Gerd Fabian
name: Anders, Christoph
name: Guntinas-Lichius, Orlando
name: Denzler, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The human face is one of the most crucial parts in interhuman communication. Even when parts of the face are hidden or obstructed the underlying facial movements can be understood. Machine learning approaches often fail in that regard due to the complexity of the facial structures. To alleviate this problem a common approach is to fine-tune a model for such a specific application. However, this is computational intensive and might have to be repeated for each desired analysis task. In this paper, we propose to reconstruct obstructed facial parts to avoid the task of repeated fine-tuning. As a result, existing facial analysis methods can be used without further changes with respect to the data. In our approach, the restoration of facial features is interpreted as a style transfer task between different recording setups. By using the CycleGAN architecture the requirement of matched pairs, which is often hard to fullfill, can be eliminated. To proof the viability of our approach, we compare our reconstructions with real unobstructed recordings. We created a novel data set in which 36 test subjects were recorded both with and without 62 surface electromyography sensors attached to their faces. In our evaluation, we feature typical facial analysis tasks, like the computation of Facial Action Units and the detection of emotions. To further assess the quality of the restoration, we also compare perceptional distances. We can show, that scores similar to the videos without obstructing sensors can be achieved.
description: VISAPP 2023 paper
Oniticellus (Liatongus) boucomonti Balthasar 1932
Creators: name: Bezděk, Aleš
name: Hájek, Jiří
name: Ascr, Biology Centre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Oniticellus
Oniticellus boucomonti

description: Oniticellus (Liatongus) boucomonti Balthasar, 1932
 Oniticellus (Liatongus) Boucomonti Balthasar, 1932: 68.
Two syntypes are deposited in NMPC (ex coll. V. Balthasar):
SYNTYPES (2 ♀♀): ‘Giufu-Shan / Szechuan / Em. Reitter [p] // Det. Dr. Balthasar [p] / O. Boucomonti m. [hw]’.
 Current status. Liatongus boucomonti, nomen dubium.
 Remark. This species was described according to an unknown number of specimens from the collection of V. Balthasar (BALTHASAR 1932). JANSSENS (1953) proposed, that the type series of O. (L.) boucomonti was a mixture of two species. Specimen(s) sexed as male(s) by Balthasar were identical with the female of Liatongus denticornis (Fairmaire, 1887), and those sexed as female(s) were identical with the female of L. bucerus (Fairmaire, 1891). BALTHASAR (1963b) himself fully accepted JANSSENS’ s (1953) conclusions. Because no lectotype has been designated yet, BEZDĚK & KRELL (2006) considered L. boucomonti as a nomen dubium.
description: Published as part of Bezděk, Aleš, Hájek, Jiří & Ascr, Biology Centre, 2012, Catalogue of type specimens of beetles (Coleoptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 297-334 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52 (1) on page 324, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5330401
Additional file 1: of Effects of adjunct testosterone on cardiac morphology and function in advanced cancers: an ancillary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Scott, Jessica
name: E. Dillon
name: Kinsky, Michael
name: Chamberlain, Albert
name: McCammon, Susan
name: Jupiter, Daniel
name: Willis, Maurice
name: Hatch, Sandra
name: Richardson, Gwyn
name: Danesi, Christopher
name: Randolph, Kathleen
name: Durham, William
name: Traver Wright
name: Urban, Randall
name: Sheffield-Moore, Melinda
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Absolute change in cardiac outcomes. (PDF 42 kb)
Multivariate Pointwise Information-Driven Data Sampling and Visualization
Creators: name: Dutta, Soumya
name: Biswas, Ayan
name: Ahrens, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With increasing computing capabilities of modern supercomputers, the size of the data generated from the scientific simulations is growing rapidly. As a result, application scientists need effective data summarization techniques that can reduce large-scale multivariate spatiotemporal data sets while preserving the important data properties so that the reduced data can answer domain-specific queries involving multiple variables with sufficient accuracy. While analyzing complex scientific events, domain experts often analyze and visualize two or more variables together to obtain a better understanding of the characteristics of the data features. Therefore, data summarization techniques are required to analyze multi-variable relationships in detail and then perform data reduction such that the important features involving multiple variables are preserved in the reduced data. To achieve this, in this work, we propose a data sub-sampling algorithm for performing statistical data summarization that leverages pointwise information theoretic measures to quantify the statistical association of data points considering multiple variables and generates a sub-sampled data that preserves the statistical association among multi-variables. Using such reduced sampled data, we show that multivariate feature query and analysis can be done effectively. The efficacy of the proposed multivariate association driven sampling algorithm is presented by applying it on several scientific data sets.
description: 25 pages
Oniticellus freyi Balthasar 1941
Creators: name: Bezděk, Aleš
name: Hájek, Jiří
name: Ascr, Biology Centre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Oniticellus
Oniticellus freyi

description: Oniticellus freyi Balthasar, 1941
 Oniticellus freyi Balthasar, 1941b: 180, Fig. 2.
The holotype is deposited in NMPC (ex coll. V. Balthasar):
HOLOTYPE (unsexed specimen): ‘Hoa - Binh (Tonkin) / (A. de Cooman) / Coll. J. Clermont [p] // Typus [p, red label, black margin]’.
 Current status. Valid species.
 Remark. JANSSENS (1953) synonymized Oniticellus freyi with O. tesselatus Harold, 1879.
Later on, BALTHASAR (1963c) raised it back as a valid species.
description: Published as part of Bezděk, Aleš, Hájek, Jiří & Ascr, Biology Centre, 2012, Catalogue of type specimens of beetles (Coleoptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 297-334 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52 (1) on page 324, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5330401
Generalized observers and velocity measurements in General Relativity
Creators: name: Crawford, P.
name: Tereno, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To resolve some unphysical interpretations related to velocity measurements by static observers, we discuss the use of generalized observer sets, give a prescription for defining the speed of test particles relative to those observers and show that, for any locally inertial frame, the speed of a freely falling material particle is always less than the speed of light at the Schwarzschild black hole surface.
description: 20 pages, 1 figure, submitted to General Relativity and Gravitation
title: 1∶250 000可可西里湖幅区域地质调查报告
title: 区域地质调查报告2018-10011
titleType: Other
Creators: name: 朱;郭;彭;陈;杨;王;史;保;陈;韩;陈, 迎堂;通珍;伟;海清;延兴;永文;连昌;广普;建;海臣;禹胜
Publisher: name: 全国地质资料馆
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 可可西里幅；青藏高原；造山带填图；蛇绿混杂岩；橄榄石榴质响岩

description: 1∶250 000可可西里湖幅区域地质调查项目是中国地质调查局根据国土资源部《二○○○年国土资源大调查项目计划》实施的青藏高原空白区地质调查项目之一，工作周期三年。在项目实施过程中，以先进的地质理论为指导，充分应用造山带新理论、新方法、新技术，获得了丰富翔实的地质资料，取得了丰硕的地质成果：较合理地建立了测区地层系统，查明了各区域地质调查单元的岩石组合、接触关系及空间分布规律；通过对西金乌兰湖蛇绿混杂岩的解剖与研究，于裂解的基底岩片中获得345.69 Ma和348.5 Ma的Ar-Ar法构造热事件年龄，结合基性岩墙群侵入于泥盆纪地层的客观事实，为确定西金乌兰湖地区古特提斯洋初始裂解的时限提供了新资料；系统调研了西金乌兰蛇绿岩在测区的分布及其物质组成，并在其中发现了晚二叠世深海放射虫硅质岩；系统研究了可可西里地区新生代火山岩，新发现寨冒拉昆橄榄白榴质响岩，在可可西里湖南麓橄榄白榴质响岩中发现橄榄岩及闪长质包体，为藏北深部地质研究取得了重要信息。初步总结了测区构造变形特征，建立了构造格架；对区内矿产及国土资源概况、成矿地质背景进行了深入分析，初步查明了珍稀野生动物分布概况及旅游资源现状，新发现金锑矿化点两处，为今后矿产资源及生态环境的进一步评价提供了丰富的基础资料。
General Decomposition of Radial Functions on R^n and Applications to N-Body Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Hainzl, Christian
name: Seiringer, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a generalization of the Fefferman-de la Llave decomposition of the Coulomb potential to quite arbitrary radial functions $V$ on $R^n$ going to zero at infinity. This generalized decomposition can be used to extend previous results on $N$-body quantum systems with Coulomb interaction to a more general class of interactions. As an example of such an application we derive the high density asymptotics of the ground state energy of jellium with Yukawa interaction in the thermodynamic limit, using a correlation estimate by Graf and Solovej.
description: revised and extended version; to appear in Lett. Math. Phys
Dipolar interactions enhanced by two-dimensional dielectric screening in few-layer van der Waals structures
Creators: name: Hou, Yuhang
name: Yu, Hongyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically examined how the dielectric screening of two-dimensional layered materials affects the dipolar interaction between interlayer excitons in few-layer van der Waals structures. Our analysis indicates that the dipolar interaction is largely enhanced by two-dimensional dielectric screening at an inter-exciton separation of several nanometers or larger. The underlying mechanism can be attributed to the induced-charge densities in layered materials, which give rise to induced-dipole densities at large distances with directions parallel to that of the interlayer exciton. The interaction between quadrupolar excitons in trilayer structures are found to be enhanced even larger, with a magnitude one to two orders stronger than that without 2D dielectric screening. The strengths of these dipolar and quadrupolar interactions can be further tuned by engineering the dielectric environment.
Oniticellus (Oniticellus) pseudoplanatus Balthasar 1964
Creators: name: Bezděk, Aleš
name: Hájek, Jiří
name: Ascr, Biology Centre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Oniticellus
Oniticellus pseudoplanatus

description: Oniticellus (Oniticellus) pseudoplanatus Balthasar, 1964
 Oniticellus (s. str.) pseudoplanatus Balthasar, 1964: 619.
The holotype and four paratypes are deposited in NMPC (ex coll. V. Balthasar):
HOLOTYPE (♀): ‘ COLL.MUS. CONGO / Kivu: Bukavu / VII-1954 [p] // H. J. Brédo [p] // Oniticellus / pseudoplanatus / n.sp. Balth. / 63 [hw] Holotypus [p, pink label] // ♀ [hw] / Det. L. Mencl 2004 [p]’.
PARATYPES (1 J and 2 unsexed specimens): ‘ COLL. MUS. CONGO / Kivu: Bukavu / VII-1954 [p] // H. J. Brédo [p] // Oniticellus / pseudoplanatus / n.sp. Balth. / 63 [hw] Paratypus [p, pink label]’.
PARATYPE (unsexed specimen): ‘COLL.MUS. CONGO / Kivu: Bukavu / VIII-1954 [p] // H.J. Brédo [p] // Oniticellus / pseudoplanatus / n.sp. Balth. / 63 [hw] Paratypus [p, pink label]’.
 Current status. Oniticellus pseudoplanatus Balthasar, 1964, see FERREIRA (1972).
description: Published as part of Bezděk, Aleš, Hájek, Jiří & Ascr, Biology Centre, 2012, Catalogue of type specimens of beetles (Coleoptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 297-334 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52 (1) on page 325, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5330401
First Passage Percolation Has Sublinear Distance Variance
Creators: name: Benjamini, Itai
name: Kalai, Gil
name: Schramm, Oded
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K35; 60B15

description: Let $01$ the distance $dist_ω(0,v)$ from the origin to a vertex $v$, $|v|>2$, has variance bounded by $C |v|/\log|v|$, where $C=C(a,b,d)$ is a constant which may only depend on $a$, $b$ and $d$. Some related variants are also discussed
description: Replaced theorem 2 (which was incorrect) by a new theorem
Digital information transmission
Creators: name: Stirzaker, Lee Raymond
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1974
Subjects: subject: Coding theory
subject: Information theory

description: This thesis looks at coded information transmission through a noisy channel. The work of Viterbi [29] is extended to take into account phase asynchronous transmission and reception of the binary orthogonal, biorthogonal and transorthogonal code words in the presence of additive Gaussian noise. It is shown that asynchronous reception decreases the mean distance between code words while leaving their crosscorrelation unaltered. This results in the expressions for decoding error probabilities similar to those of Viterbi with corrections added for the change in mean distance between code words with changes in asynchronism. Also, a multilevel coding scheme proposed by Sankar and Krishnamurthy [21] is reviewed and it is shown that their method can be improved for no loss of information rate. It is demonstrated that their use of generalised Hamming codes over multisymbol N-ary words has limited error correcting capabilities which can easily be improved by using binary Hamming codes over the multisymbol words expressed in binary form rather than the more general N-ary representation. For the improved method to be used N must be a binary power.
title: 1∶250 000延庆县幅区域地质调查报告
title: 区域地质调查报告2018-10012
titleType: Other
Creators: name: 刘;王, 振锋;增护
Publisher: name: 全国地质资料馆
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 官厅花岗质片麻岩；中元古代侵入岩；崇礼-古北口深断裂；环境；金成矿

description: 本项目属片区-修测，以收集资料、研究为主，投入适当野外工作。修测2 600 km2；编测12 000 km2；野外调查1 600 km；环境、灾害地质调查50 km2，地质点96个，岩矿88件；薄片70件；同位素4件；化学全分析8件；稀土8件；微量8件。主要成果：1．重新厘定了崇礼岩群和红旗营子岩群，新建了官厅花岗质片麻岩，初步建立了图幅变质岩填图单位序列；2．对中元古代侵入岩体进行了单元和超单元划分；3．确定了崇礼—赤城—丰宁—隆化深断裂为一条完整连续的深断裂；原尚义—平泉深断裂不经赤城向东延伸，而从崇礼西侧向南东斜出，经金家庄、沤麻坑向东延伸。改称崇礼—古北口深断裂。它控制了中元古代侵入岩体的侵入，印支期复活形成同方向压性断层；4．对环境和灾害地质作了概略调查；5．认为幔源的绿岩带下部层位的变质岩是金早期富集的矿源层。燕山期是区内最主要的金成矿期。提出新成矿模式，钾化作用至关重要。为寻找新的金矿提供了方向。
Waves in Schwarzschild spacetimes: How strong can imprints of the spacetime curvature be
Creators: name: Karkowski, J.
name: Roszkowski, K.
name: Swierczynski, Z.
name: Malec, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Misprints corrected, two references added. To appear in the Phys. Rev. D.
Imprints of Quantum Gravity in the Cosmic Microwave Background
Creators: name: Calmet, Xavier
name: Edholm, James
name: Kuntz, Iberê
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been shown that the spectrum of quantum gravity contains at least two new modes in addition to the massless graviton: a massive spin-0 and a massive spin-2. We calculate their power spectrum during inflation and we argue that they could leave an imprint in the cosmic microwave background should their masses be below the inflationary scale.
Covariant Self-force Regularization of a Particle Orbiting a Schwarzschild Black Hole - Mode Decomposition Regularization -
Creators: name: Mino, Yasushi
name: Nakano, Hiroyuki
name: Sasaki, Misao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Covariant structure of the self-force of a particle in a general curved background has been made clear in the cases of scalar [Quinn], electromagnetic [DeWittBrehme], and gravitational charges [QuinnWald]. Namely, what we need is the part of the self-field that is non-vanishing off and within the past light-cone of particle's location, the so-called tail. The radiation reaction force in the absence of external fields is entirely contained in the tail. In this paper, we develop mathematical tools for the regularization and propose a practical method to calculate the self-force of a particle orbiting a Schwarzschild black hole.
description: 18 pages, no figure
Additional file 1: of Prognostic accuracy of SOFA, qSOFA and SIRS criteria in hematological cancer patients: a retrospective multicenter study
Creators: name: Probst, Lucie
name: Schalk, Enrico
name: Liebregts, Tobias
name: Zeremski, Vanja
name: Tzalavras, Asterios
name: Bergwelt-Baildon, Michael Von
name: Hesse, Nina
name: Prinz, Johanna
name: Jรถrg Vehreschild
name: Shimabukuro-Vornhagen, Alexander
name: Eichenauer, Dennis
name: Borrega, Jorge Garcia
name: Kochanek, Matthias
name: Bรถll, Boris
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: 2x2 contingency tables for a SIRS criteria, b SOFA score and c qSOFA score. (DOCX 23 kb)
Oniticellus (Liatongus) vseteckai Balthasar 1933
Creators: name: Bezděk, Aleš
name: Hájek, Jiří
name: Ascr, Biology Centre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Oniticellus
Oniticellus vseteckai

description: Oniticellus (Liatongus) vseteckai Balthasar, 1933
 Oniticellus (Liatongus) všetečkai Balthasar, 1933b: 63.
The holotype and two paratypes (including the allotype) are deposited in NMPC (ex coll. V.
Balthasar):
HOLOTYPE (J): ‘Tatsienlu Tsendsé / Szechuan China [p] // Oniticellus / všetečkai m. typ. [hw] / Dr. Balthasar det. [p] // Liatongus / všetečkai / J maior Balth. [hw] / Hlotypus [p, pink label]’.
PARATYPE (♀): ‘Tatsienlu Tsendsé / Szechuan China [p] // Oniticellus / všetečkai m. typ. [hw] / Dr. Balthasar det. [p] // Liatongus / všetečkai / ♀ Balth. [hw] / Allotypus [p, pink label]’.
PARATYPE (J): ‘Tatsienlu / Yülling Süd / Szechuan China [p] // Liatongus / všetečkai / J Balthasar [hw] / Paratypus [p, pink label]’.
 Current status. Liatongus vseteckai (Balthasar, 1933), see, e.g., BALTHASAR (1963c).
description: Published as part of Bezděk, Aleš, Hájek, Jiří & Ascr, Biology Centre, 2012, Catalogue of type specimens of beetles (Coleoptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 297-334 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52 (1) on page 325, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5330401
Biased ligands at opioid receptors: Current status and future directions
Creators: name: Shukla A.K
name: Roth B.L
name: Che T
name: Agnihotri H.D
Publisher: name: American Association for the Advancement of Science
Year: 2021

description: The opioid crisis represents a major worldwide public health crisis that has accelerated the search for safer and more effective opioids. Over the past few years, the identification of biased opioid ligands capable of eliciting selective functional responses has provided an alternative avenue to develop novel therapeutics without the side effects of current opioid medications. However, whether biased agonism or other pharmacological properties, such as partial agonism (or low efficacy), account for the therapeutic benefits remains questionable. Here, we provide a summary of the current status of biased opioid ligands that target the-and-opioid receptors and highlight advances in preclinical and clinical trials of some of these ligands. We also discuss an example of structure-based biased ligand discovery at the-opioid receptor, an approach that could revolutionize drug discovery at opioid and other receptors. Last, we briefly discuss caveats and future directions for this important area of research.
TOI-216b and TOI-216c: Two warm, large exoplanets in or slightly wide of the 2:1 orbital resonance
Creators: name: Dawson, Rebekah I.
name: Huang, Chelsea X.
name: Lissauer, Jack J.
name: Collins, Karen A.
name: Sha, Lizhou
name: Armstrong, James
name: Conti, Dennis M.
name: Collins, Kevin I.
name: Evans, Phil
name: Gan, Tianjun
name: Horne, Keith
name: Ireland, Michael
name: Murgas, Felipe
name: Myers, Gordon
name: Relles, Howard M.
name: Sefako, Ramotholo
name: Shporer, Avi
name: Stockdale, Chris
name: Zerjal, Marusa
name: Zhou, George
name: Ricker, G.
name: Vanderspek, R.
name: Latham, D.
name: Seager, S.
name: Winn, J.
name: Jenkins, Jon M.
name: Bouma, L. G.
name: Caldwell, Douglas A.
name: Daylan, Tansu
name: Doty, John P.
name: Dynes, Scott
name: Esquerdo, Gilbert A.
name: Rose, Mark
name: Smith, Jeffrey C.
name: Yu, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Warm, large exoplanets with 10-100 day orbital periods pose a major challenge to our understanding of how planetary systems form and evolve. Although high eccentricity tidal migration has been invoked to explain their proximity to their host stars, a handful reside in or near orbital resonance with nearby planets, suggesting a gentler history of in situ formation or disk migration. Here we confirm and characterize a pair of warm, large exoplanets discovered by the TESS Mission orbiting K-dwarf TOI-216. Our analysis includes additional transits and transit exclusion windows observed via ground-based follow-up. We find two families of solutions, one corresponding to a sub-Saturn-mass planet accompanied by a Neptune-mass planet and the other to a Jupiter in resonance with a sub-Saturn-mass planet. We prefer the second solution based on the orbital period ratio, the planet radii, the lower free eccentricities, and libration of the 2:1 resonant argument, but cannot rule out the first. The free eccentricities and mutual inclination are compatible with stirring by other, undetected planets in the system, particularly for the second solution. We discuss prospects for better constraints on the planets' properties and orbits through follow-up, including transits observed from the ground.
description: Submitted to AAS journals on March 12; revised in response to referee report
Gas acceleration by travelling conduction waves
Creators: name: Boreham, Bruce William
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1974
Subjects: subject: Gas dynamics
subject: Wind tunnels
subject: Space vehicles Propulsion systems

description: A theory of operation has been derived for a proposed Travelling Conduction Wave accelerator, which predicts that such a device would be capable of operating both as a medium thrust - high specific impulse space propulsion device, with round trip times to Mars of as low as one month, and as a hypersonic wind tunnel capable of simulating conditions over a major portion of the reentry corridor. A simple experiment designed to test this theory resulted in good agreement between the theory and experimental results. Mean gas velocities of 3*4 x 10⁴ m /sec. at an input power of 0.66 Mw have been obtained, corresponding to mean thrusts in the range 0.22 x 10³ to 1*1*10³ N at a mean specific impulse of 3*8 x 10³ sec. and a mean stagnation enthalpy and pressure of 6 x 10⁸J/kg and 4 to 20 atm. respectively. Measured heat losses were low compared to other gas accelerating devices, measured efficiencies lying in the range 70% to 90% .
MOESM1 of miR-7 methylation as a biomarker to predict poor survival in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients
Creators: name: Rodríguez-Antolín, Carlos
name: Felguera-Selas, Laura
name: Pernía, Olga
name: Vera, Olga
name: Esteban, Isabel
name: García, Itsaso Losantos
name: Castro, Javier De
name: Rosas-Alonso, Rocío
name: Caceres, Inmaculada Ibanez De
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Figure S1. Example of methylated and unmethylated amplification by qMSP. Figure S2. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for advanced-stage NSCLC in relation to miR-7 methylation.
Dynamics of spinning test particles in Kerr spacetime
Creators: name: Hartl, Michael D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of relativistic spinning test particles in the spacetime of a rotating black hole using the Papapetrou equations. We use the method of Lyapunov exponents to determine whether the orbits exhibit sensitive dependence on initial conditions, a signature of chaos. In the case of maximally spinning equal-mass binaries (a limiting case that violates the test-particle approximation) we find unambiguous positive Lyapunov exponents that come in pairs +/- lambda, a characteristic of Hamiltonian dynamical systems. We find no evidence for nonvanishing Lyapunov exponents for physically realistic spin parameters, which suggests that chaos may not manifest itself in the gravitational radiation of extreme mass-ratio binary black-hole inspirals (as detectable, for example, by LISA, the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna).
description: 21 pages; published as Phys. Rev. D 67, 024005 (2003)
Spin-orbit torques and magnetization switching in perpendicularly magnetized epitaxial Pd/Co2FeAl/MgO structures
Creators: name: Gabor, M. S.
name: Petrisor, T.
name: Nasui, M.
name: Nsibi, M. A.
name: Nath, J.
name: Miron, I. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate efficient current induced spin orbit torque switching in perpendicularly magnetized epitaxial MgO(001)//Pd/Co2FeAl/MgO heterostructures grown by magnetron sputtering. The advantage of such heterostructures for spin orbit torque MRAM devices is that they allow a unique combination of critical ingredients: i) low resistivity required for reduced electric energy consumption during writing, ii) high TMR ratio required for efficient reading and iii) strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for increased thermal stability.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Rotation intrinsic spin coupling--the parallelism description
Creators: name: Zhang, C. M.
name: Beesham, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the Dirac particle in the rotational system, the rotation induced inertia effect is analogously treated as the modification of the "spin connection" on the Dirac equation in the flat spacetime, which is determined by the equivalent tetrad. From the point of view of parallelism description of spacetime, the obtained torsion axial-vector is just the rotational angular velocity, which is included in the "spin connection". Furthermore the axial-vector spin coupling induced spin precession is just the rotation-spin(1/2) interaction predicted by Mashhoon. Our derivation treatment is straightforward and simplified in the geometrical meaning and physical conception, however the obtained conclusions are consistent with that of the other previous work.
description: 10 pages, no figure
Zyras (Zyras)
Creators: name: Assing, Volker
name: V, North
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Zyras

description: Zyras (Zyras) sp. 2
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Vietnam: 1♀, 10 km NW Sa Pa, 22°22'N, 103°45'E, 1850 m, moist stream valley with deciduous trees, litter and roots between rocks sifted, 8.VIII.2013, leg. Wunderle (cWun).
C o m m e n t: The above specimen is characterized by a completely black body. It is, however, not conspecific with any of the similarly coloured species recorded from China (ASSING in press b).
description: Published as part of Assing, Volker & V, North, 2015, On the Lomechusini fauna of Vietnam (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), pp. 1257-1282 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 47 (2) on page 1276, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5282217
Tiniocellus asmarensis Balthasar 1968
Creators: name: Bezděk, Aleš
name: Hájek, Jiří
name: Ascr, Biology Centre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Tiniocellus
Tiniocellus asmarensis

description: Tiniocellus asmarensis Balthasar, 1968
 Tiniocellus asmarensis Balthasar, 1968: 955.
Two paratypes are deposited in NMPC (ex coll. V. Balthasar):
PARATYPES (2 unsexed specimens):‘ Eritrea / Asmara [p] // Tiniocellus / asmarensis / n. sp.Balth. / 68 [hw] / Paratypus [p, pink label] // ex. coll. V. Balthasar / National Museum / Prague, Czech Republic [p] // Tiniocellus asmarensis / Balthasar, 1968 - Paratypus / = Tiniocellus spinipes (Roth, 1851) / T. Branco det. 2008 [p]’.
 Current status. Junior subjective synonym of Tiniocellus spinipes (Roth, 1851), see BRANCO (2010).
 Remark. BRANCO (2010) erroneously reported NMPC as the depository for the holotype of T. asmarensis, but according to the primary description, the holotype of this species was housed in Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum in Budapest, Hungary (BALTHASAR 1968).
description: Published as part of Bezděk, Aleš, Hájek, Jiří & Ascr, Biology Centre, 2012, Catalogue of type specimens of beetles (Coleoptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 297-334 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52 (1) on page 326, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5330401
Catharsiocopris quadrituberculatus Balthasar 1967
Creators: name: Bezděk, Aleš
name: Hájek, Jiří
name: Ascr, Biology Centre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Catharsiocopris
Catharsiocopris quadrituberculatus

description: Catharsiocopris quadrituberculatus Balthasar, 1967
 Catharsiocopris quadrituberculatus Balthasar, 1967: 48, Fig. 1.
 Current status. Valid species.
 Remark. This species was described according to two specimens (the holotype and one paratype), the paratype should be deposited in the collection of V. Balthasar (BALTHASAR 1967). However, there is no mention of this species in the Balthasar’s collection, and we were not able to trace the type specimen in the NMPC.
description: Published as part of Bezděk, Aleš, Hájek, Jiří & Ascr, Biology Centre, 2012, Catalogue of type specimens of beetles (Coleoptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 297-334 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52 (1) on page 326, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5330401
Predication, reference and modification: Major word classes in Bumthang, a Tibeto-Burman language
Creators: name: Peck, Naomi
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Bumthang
Tibeto-Burman
Sino-Tibetan
linguistics
word classes
predication
modification
reference
descriptive
noun phrase
nouns
verbs
adjectives
derivation
Himalayas
morphosyntax

description: In this thesis, I investigate the word class system in Bumthang, a Tibeto-Burman language from central Bhutan. Word classes form a fundamental part of basic linguistic analysis, as tasks like writing phrase structure rules or positing derivational affixes require assumptions about how words in a language are organised. Recent work on word classes has been typologically orientated, with discussion surrounding crosslinguistic comparison and organisation of word class systems found worldwide. As such, my thesis will give insights into the structure of word class systems in the Himalayas and how they work. Using morphosyntactic distribution, I find that there is evidence for common crosslinguistic word classes such as nouns, verbs and adjectives in Bumthang. However, while verbs are easily definable morphologically at the word level, nouns are instead defined syntactically at the phrase level. Furthermore, adjectives are clearly derived from verbs but are more nominal in their distribution. All three classes can be further divided into subclasses, which have restricted morphosyntactic distribution. The status of the three major word classes in Bumthang allows us to uncover language-internal regularities and compare cross-linguistic coding strategies.
Spectrum of the Yellow Symbiotic Star LT Delphini before, during, and after the 2017 Outburst
Creators: name: Ikonnikova, N. P.
name: Burlak, M. A.
name: Arkhipova, V. P.
name: Esipov, V. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: LT Del is a yellow symbiotic system that consists of a bright K3-type giant and a hot subdwarf with a temperature of about 10$^5$ K. We present the results of our spectroscopic observations of LT Del over the period 2010-2018. In 2017 the star experienced a second low-amplitude ($ΔV\sim0.^{m}7$) outburst in the history of its studies. The emission spectrum of the star represented in the optical range by hydrogen, neutral and ionized helium lines underwent significant changes in the outburst. The fluxes in the HI and HeI emission lines increased by a factor of 5-6, the HeII $λ$4686 line grew by a factor of 10. According to our estimates, in the 2017 outburst, the temperature of the exciting star rose to $T_{\text{hot}}\sim$130~000 K, while during the first 1994 outburst the change in temperature was insignificant. This suggests cool and hot outbursts of LT Del by analogy with similar events of another yellow symbiotic star, AG Dra.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy Letters. 16 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables
Catharsius (Metacatharsius) holyi Balthasar 1965
Creators: name: Bezděk, Aleš
name: Hájek, Jiří
name: Ascr, Biology Centre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Catharsius
Catharsius holyi

description: Catharsius (Metacatharsius) holyi Balthasar, 1965
 Catharsius (Metacatharsius) holyi Balthasar, 1965b: 22, Fig. 3.
 Current status. Metacatharsius holyi (Balthasar, 1965), see FERREIRA (1972), MONTREUIL (1998) and BRANCO (2011).
 Remark. This species was described according to two specimens (the holotype and one paratype), both from the collection of V. Balthasar (BALTHASAR 1965b). However, there is no mention of this species in the Balthasar’s collection, and we were not able to trace the type specimens in the NMPC.
description: Published as part of Bezděk, Aleš, Hájek, Jiří & Ascr, Biology Centre, 2012, Catalogue of type specimens of beetles (Coleoptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 297-334 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52 (1) on page 327, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5330401
Polarised Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy: Toward Biomedical Applications
Creators: name: GASSNER, CALLUM GRAEME
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 340101
subject: Analytical spectrometry
classificationCode: 349999
subject: Other chemical sciences not elsewhere classified

description: This thesis investigates how polarised mid-infrared light can be used to determine the orientation of molecules in biological tissues on a microscopic scale. Numerous advances are identified, improving the accuracy and accessibility of this technique. The development of this technique will provide an additional tool to understand and potentially diagnose various diseases.
Catharsius (Metacatharsius) imitator Balthasar 1965
Creators: name: Bezděk, Aleš
name: Hájek, Jiří
name: Ascr, Biology Centre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Catharsius
Catharsius imitator

description: Catharsius (Metacatharsius) imitator Balthasar, 1965
 Catharsius (Metacatharsius) imitator Balthasar, 1965b: 23.
 Current status. Metacatharsius imitator (Balthasar, 1965), see FERREIRA (1972), MONTREUIL (1998) and BRANCO (2011).
 Remark. This species was described according to the holotype only from the collection of V. Balthasar (BALTHASAR 1965b). However, there is no mention of this species in the Balthasar’s collection, and we were not able to trace the type specimen in the NMPC.
description: Published as part of Bezděk, Aleš, Hájek, Jiří & Ascr, Biology Centre, 2012, Catalogue of type specimens of beetles (Coleoptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 297-334 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52 (1) on page 327, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5330401
Catharsius (Metacatharsius) modestus Balthasar 1965
Creators: name: Bezděk, Aleš
name: Hájek, Jiří
name: Ascr, Biology Centre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Catharsius
Catharsius modestus

description: Catharsius (Metacatharsius) modestus Balthasar, 1965
 Catharsius (Metacatharsius) modestus Balthasar, 1965b: 30.
 Current status. Metacatharsius modestus (Balthasar, 1965), see FERREIRA (1972), MONTREUIL (1998) and BRANCO (2011).
 Remark. This species was described according to the holotype only from the collection of V. Balthasar (BALTHASAR 1965b). However, there is no mention of this species in the Balthasar’s collection, and we were not able to trace the type specimen in the NMPC.
description: Published as part of Bezděk, Aleš, Hájek, Jiří & Ascr, Biology Centre, 2012, Catalogue of type specimens of beetles (Coleoptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 297-334 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52 (1) on page 327, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5330401
Catharsius (Metacatharsius) parcepunctatus Balthasar 1965
Creators: name: Bezděk, Aleš
name: Hájek, Jiří
name: Ascr, Biology Centre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Catharsius
Catharsius parcepunctatus

description: Catharsius (Metacatharsius) parcepunctatus Balthasar, 1965
 Catharsius (Metacatharsius) parcepunctatus Balthasar, 1965b: 33.
 Current status. Metacatharsius parcepunctatus (Balthasar, 1965), see FERREIRA (1972), MONTREUIL (1998) and BRANCO (2011).
 Remark. This species was described according to the holotype only from the collection of V. Balthasar (BALTHASAR 1965b). However, there is no mention of this species in the Balthasar’s collection, and we were not able to trace the type specimen in the NMPC.
description: Published as part of Bezděk, Aleš, Hájek, Jiří & Ascr, Biology Centre, 2012, Catalogue of type specimens of beetles (Coleoptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 297-334 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52 (1) on page 327, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5330401
BIDIMENSIONAL LINKED MATRIX FACTORIZATION FOR PAN-OMICS PAN-CANCER ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Hoadley, K.A
name: Lock, E.F
name: Park, J.Y
Publisher: name: Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Year: 2022

description: Several modern applications require the integration of multiple large data matrices that have shared rows and/or columns. For example, cancer studies that integrate multiple omics platforms across multiple types of cancer, pan-omics pan-cancer analysis, have extended our knowledge of molecular heterogeneity beyond what was observed in single tumor and single platform studies. However, these studies have been limited by available statistical methodology. We propose a flexible approach to the simultaneous factorization and decomposition of variation across such bidimensionally linked matrices, BIDIFAC+. BIDIFAC+ decomposes variation into a series of low-rank components that may be shared across any number of row sets (e.g., omics platforms) or column sets (e.g., cancer types). This builds on a growing literature for the factorization and decomposition of linked matrices which has primarily focused on multiple matrices that are linked in one dimension (rows or columns) only. Our objective function extends nuclear norm penalization, is motivated by random matrix theory, gives a unique decomposition under relatively mild conditions, and can be shown to give the mode of a Bayesian posterior distribution. We apply BIDIFAC+ to pan-omics pan-cancer data from TCGA, identifying shared and specific modes of variability across four different omics platforms and 29 different cancer types.
Catharsius (Metacatharsius) petrovitzi Balthasar 1965
Creators: name: Bezděk, Aleš
name: Hájek, Jiří
name: Ascr, Biology Centre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Catharsius
Catharsius petrovitzi

description: Catharsius (Metacatharsius) petrovitzi Balthasar, 1965
 Catharsius (Metacatharsius) petrovitzi Balthasar, 1965b: 37.
 Current status. Metacatharsius petrovitzi (Balthasar, 1965), see FERREIRA (1972), MONTREUIL (1998) and BRANCO (2011).
 Remark. This species was described according to the holotype only from the collection of V. Balthasar (BALTHASAR 1965b). However, there is no mention of this species in the Balthasar’s collection, and we were not able to trace the type specimen in the NMPC.
description: Published as part of Bezděk, Aleš, Hájek, Jiří & Ascr, Biology Centre, 2012, Catalogue of type specimens of beetles (Coleoptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 297-334 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52 (1) on page 328, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5330401
Catharsius (Metacatharsius) rosinae Balthasar 1970
Creators: name: Bezděk, Aleš
name: Hájek, Jiří
name: Ascr, Biology Centre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Catharsius
Catharsius rosinae

description: Catharsius (Metacatharsius) rosinae Balthasar, 1970
 Catharsius (Metacatharsius) rosinae Balthasar, 1970: 246.
 Current status. Metacatharsius rosinae (Balthasar, 1970), see MONTREUIL (1998) and BRANCO (2011).
 Remark. This species was described according to the holotype only from the collection of V. Balthasar (BALTHASAR 1970). However, there is no mention of this species in the Balthasar’s collection, and we were not able to trace the type specimen in the NMPC.
description: Published as part of Bezděk, Aleš, Hájek, Jiří & Ascr, Biology Centre, 2012, Catalogue of type specimens of beetles (Coleoptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 297-334 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52 (1) on page 328, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5330401
Coherent-Nuclear Pion Photoproduction and Neutron Radii
Creators: name: Miller, Gerald A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: { {\bf Background:} Knowing the difference between the neutron and proton densities of nuclei is a significant topic because of its importance for understanding neutron star structures and cooling mechanisms. The coherent-nuclear photoproduction of pions, $({\g,π^0})$, combined with elastic electron scattering, has been suggested to be a very accurate probe of density differences. {\bf Purpose:} Study the ${(\g,π^0})$ reaction mechanism so as to better access the uncertainties involved in extracting the neutron density. {\bf Methods:} Include the effects of final-state pion-nucleus charge-exchange reactions on the cross section and study the influence of the non-zero spatial extent of the proton. {\bf Results:} The effects of final-state charge-exchange increase the cross section between 6\% and 5\%, generally decreasing as the momentum transfer increases. This leads to an increase of the extracted neutron skin distance by about 50\%. The validity of the previous treatments of the proton size is confirmed. {\bf Conclusion:} The model dependence of the theoretically computed cross section increases the total systematic uncertainty (experiment plus theory) in extracting the neutron skin from the ${(\g,π^0})$ cross section by at least a factor of three. }
description: 9 pages. 5 figures