cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Combating Trademark Infringement Online: Secondary Liability v. Partnering Facility
Creators: name: Lev-Aretz, Yafit
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Trademark infringement
subject: Electronic commerce
subject: Intellectual property
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Although trademark infringement is not a recent phenomenon, it was not until the inception and explosive growth of the Internet marketplace that brand owners had to face new, titanic and virtually inexorable infringement challenges. Trademark infringement online takes place in various forms—from cybersquatting and typosquatting that capitalizes on the goodwill surrounding an existing trademark to the rampant sale of counterfeit goods in online stores and auction houses. Trademark holders filed 2884 cybersquatting cases in 2012, covering 5084 domain names, with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)— an increase of 4.5% more than cases filed in the previous year. The sale of counterfeit goods online is constantly rising, and the value of those goods is expected to top $1.7 trillion by 2015. The lack of a physical sales venue, the anonymizing blanket offered to counterfeiters online, the increased international supply chains and the production of goods in countries with poor intellectual property protection, together with the low-cost communication and worldwide reach of the Internet, have made counterfeiting a thriving undertaking and put trademark owners’ businesses and reputations at risk.
Review of The Second Practice of Nineteenth-Century Tonality by William Kinderman and Harald Krebs
Creators: name: Frisch, Walter M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Music

description: The central questions occupying the authors The Second Practice of Nineteenth-Century Tonality are: What happens in the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to the principle of a single tonality governing a piece of music? And when, where, and how does this principle begin to break down? The Second Practice is remarkable not least for getting between two covers music historians and theorists -- they are in about equal measure here -- who focus on issues that up to now have not been adequately addressed by either Fach. As would be expected from a multiauthor volume, the result is not unified or consistent, not a "second practice" of tonal theory, but a stimulating collection of analyses, ideas, and hunches.
title: War of the Moon
Creators: name: Medkova, Bibiana
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2020

description: Space, in the post-World War context, was the new frontier of ‘global’ dominion. Space Race of the 1950s was a competition to signal technological capability and military strength. The objective of War of the Moon is to unpack the motivation for Moon race in 1950s. What did countries have to gain politically, economically, socially and technologically by conquering space and landing on the moon. At what cost? Who financed it, and where did the labor, land, and raw materials sourced come from. And how it was used to accomplish said landing. Space security is a massive aspect of all current space programs, but this is not a new feature, in fact, its beginnings are in the Cold War era. The second objective of this thesis and exhibition is to understand through rhetoric analysis the language of “defense” as an ‘offensive’ strategy.
The artwork uses computer technologies to interrogate media and archives mimicking the state’s methods to suppress information. The work examines through archives the erasure of minority groups from cultural depositories or archives, thereby writing them out of history as the meta themes of exploration of space, and deliberate and chronicled. It is important that this work is not viewed as reactionary, but engaged in a direct dialogue: these pieces exist within the public sphere, in exhibition and projection spaces vetted by governmental, private and non-profit agencies. What is required of the work is to be subversive — to be flexible, to remain able to move freely anywhere and everywhere, and to cross barriers when necessary.
Performance and systematic uncertainties of CTA-North in conditions of reduced atmospheric transmission
Creators: name: Pecimotika, Mario
name: Prester, Dijana Dominis
name: Hrupec, Dario
name: Mićanović, Saša
name: Pavletić, Lovro
name: Sitarek, Julian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next-generation stereoscopic system of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). In IACTs, the atmosphere is used as a calorimeter to measure the energy of extensive air showers induced by cosmic gamma rays, which brings along a series of constraints on the precision to which energy can be reconstructed. The presence of clouds during observations can severely affect Cherenkov light yield, contributing to the systematic uncertainty in energy scale calibration. To minimize these systematic uncertainties, a calibration of telescopes is of great importance. For this purpose, the influence of cloud transmission and altitude on CTA-N performance degradation was investigated using detailed Monte Carlo simulations for the case where no action is taken to correct for the effects of clouds. Variations of instrument response functions in the presence of clouds are presented. In the presence of clouds with low transmission ($\leq$ 80%) the energy resolution is aggravated by 30% at energies below 1 TeV, and by 10% at higher energies. For higher transmissions, the energy resolution is worse by less than 10% in the whole energy range. The angular resolution varies up to 10% depending both on the transmission and altitude of the cloud. The sensitivity of the array is most severely reduced at lower energies, even by 60% at 40 GeV, depending on the clouds' properties. A simple semi-analytical model of sensitivity degradation has been introduced to summarize the influence of clouds on sensitivity and provide useful scaling relations.
title: Michel's Reflexion: Die Zeit bringt Republik; [ca. 1848]
title: Melodie: Hobel-Lied aus dem Verschwender
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Kopftitel. - Textanfang: Da streiten sich die Leut' herum, Woll'n lenken das Geschick, Der Eine will die Monarchie, Der Andre Republik! ... - Gedicht
Fact Sheet - ENVISION's approach to inclusive conservation: A scientific overview and project update
Creators: name: ENVISION
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: inclusive conservation, protected area management, inter-site knowledge alliances, biodiversity conservation

description: This paper summarizes the scientific basis for inclusive conservation in the context of protected area management, and provides an update on ENVISION’s activities in 2019. It is intended for members of ENVISION’s local and inter-site knowledge alliances so that they can better understand the scientific directions of the ENVISION project. The ideas presented in this paper will be further developed over the course of the project based on the data collated and the insights shared by alliance members.
Theory of plasmonic waves on a chain of metallic nanoparticles in a liquid crystalline host
Creators: name: Pike, N. A.
name: Stroud, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A chain of metallic particles, of sufficiently small diameter and spacing, allows linearly polarized plasmonic waves to propagate along the chain. In this paper, we describes how these waves are altered when the liquid crystal host is a nematic or a cholesteric liquid crystal (NLC or CLC) with or without an applied magnetic field. We find that, in general, the liquid crystal host, either NLC or CLC, alters the dispersion relations of the transverse ($T$) and longitudinal ($L$) waves significantly from the dispersion relations for an isotropic host. We show that by altering the director axis of the liquid crystal relative to the long axis of the metallic chain, that the $T$ branch can be split into two non-degenerate linearly polarized branches (NLC host) or two non-degenerate elliptically polarized branches (CLC host). When an external magnetic field is applied parallel to both the long axis of the metallic particles and the director of the CLC host, we find that the dispersion relations are odd in an exchange in sign for $ω$ for the non-degenerate elliptically polarized $T$ branches. That is, the application of an external magnetic field leads to the realization of a one-way waveguide.
description: 9 Pages, 3 Figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1210.1509
Converging Standards of Protection from Secondary Liability for Trademark and Copyright Infringement Online
Creators: name: Peguera, Miquel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Copyright infringement
subject: Trademark infringement
subject: Internet
subject: Liability (Law)
subject: Intellectual property
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Secondary liability remains perhaps the only meaningful remedy for rights owners when it comes to the widespread copyright and trademark infringement on the Internet. It is often extremely difficult and costly to reach the direct infringers. Right holders thus seek, under various theories of indirect liability, to hold liable those who provide the means that enable the violations. While trademark and copyright doctrines of secondary liability stem from the same roots in common law, they have evolved separately. Courts have applied secondary liability differently depending on whether the infringement pertains to copyright or trademark, with secondary liability construed more narrowly in trademark than in copyright. In addition, the safe harbors enacted in the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) grant Internet service providers liability limitations for monetary and injunctive relief. These safe harbors apply to certain types of intermediary activities—namely, mere conduit, caching, hosting and linking. While the DMCA’s safe harbors scheme has been successful in shielding intermediaries from liability (and thus allowing new services to flourish), the statute lacks clarity and coherence, which sometimes makes the outcomes difficult to predict. Moreover, the statute’s lack of clarity may lead to unintended consequences, particularly in connection with potential abuses of the “notice and takedown” procedure. On the other hand, activities that fail to qualify for safe harbors are analyzed under the ordinary rules of secondary liability, which continue to evolve in courts.
SUMART: SUMmARizing Translation from Wordy to Concise Expression
Creators: name: Nishida, Naoto
name: Rekimoto, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose SUMART, a method for summarizing and compressing the volume of verbose subtitle translations. SUMART is designed for understanding translated captions (e.g., interlingual conversations via subtitle translation or when watching movies in foreign language audio and translated captions). SUMART is intended for users who want a big-picture and fast understanding of the conversation, audio, video content, and speech in a foreign language. During the training data collection, when a speaker makes a verbose statement, SUMART employs a large language model on-site to compress the volume of subtitles. This compressed data is then stored in a database for fine-tuning purposes. Later, SUMART uses data pairs from those non-compressed ASR results and compressed translated results for fine-tuning the translation model to generate more concise translations for practical uses. In practical applications, SUMART utilizes this trained model to produce concise translation results. Furthermore, as a practical application, we developed an application that allows conversations using subtitle translation in augmented reality spaces. As a pilot study, we conducted qualitative surveys using a SUMART prototype and a survey on the summarization model for SUMART. We envision the most effective use case of this system is where users need to consume a lot of information quickly (e.g., Speech, lectures, podcasts, Q&A in conferences).
description: 3 pages, 2 figures
Insight into the skew-scattering mechanism of the spin Hall effect: potential scattering versus spin-orbit scattering
Creators: name: Herschbach, Christian
name: Fedorov, Dmitry V.
name: Mertig, Ingrid
name: Gradhand, Martin
name: Chadova, Kristina
name: Ebert, Hubert
name: Ködderitzsch, Diemo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of the skew-scattering contribution to the spin Hall conductivity using an extended version of the resonant scattering model of Fert and Levy [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 106}, 157208 (2011)]. For $5d$ impurities in a Cu host, the proposed phase shift model reproduces the corresponding first-principles calculations. Crucial for that agreement is the consideration of two scattering channels related to $p$ and $d$ impurity states, since the discussed mechanism is governed by a subtle interplay between the spin-orbit and potential scattering in both angular-momentum channels. It is shown that the potential scattering strength plays a decisive role for the magnitude of the spin Hall conductivity.
THE IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF THE LABOR COMPENSATION SYSTEM
Creators: name: Namangan region, Namangan city,  NamMTI Department of Accounting Inamov Abdusalom
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The article is devoted to open significant points connected to the aspects of labor compensation for today, its main function in economics and types. On the other hand key factors affecting compensation management are highlighted.
Key words:
 classical economics, neoclassical economics, mental effort, homogeneous input, Competitive compensation, Compensation management, Labour unions, direct compensation, indirect compensation
Reading the Tea Leaves in Singapore: Who Will Be Left Holding the Bag for Secondary Trademark Infringement on the Internet?
Creators: name: Calboli, Irene
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Intellectual property
subject: Trademark infringement
subject: Internet
subject: Trademarks--Law and legislation
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Business

description: This Article explores the issue of secondary liability in Singapore trademark law, with particular attention to intermediaries on the Internet, including Internet service providers (ISPs), e-commerce companies, search engines, website operators, online financial service providers and social media sites. Section 27(5) of the Singapore Trade Marks Act attributes liability to those who use a mark “knowing or having reasons to believe” that such use is not authorized by the trademark owner or licensee. More precisely, the provision excludes trademark liability for those “persons” who use a trademark in the course of trade, namely “for labelling or packaging goods” or as “a sign” on commercial documents or in advertising, provided that they “do[] not know nor ha[ve] reason to believe” that the owner of the mark or his licensee has not consented to such use. Although the provision was adopted before widespread use of the Internet, its wording excludes Internet intermediaries from liability just as it excludes intermediaries in the brick- and-mortar world.
The effect of isotopic splitting on the bisector and inversions of the solar Ca II 854.2 nm line
Creators: name: Leenaarts, Jorrit
name: Rodríguez, Jaime de la Cruz
name: Kochukhov, Oleg
name: Carlsson, Mats
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ca II 854.2 nm spectral line is a common diagnostic of the solar chromosphere. The average line profile shows an asymmetric core, and its bisector shows a characteristic inverse-C shape. The line actually consists of six components with slightly different wavelengths depending on the isotope of calcium. This isotopic splitting of the line has been taken into account in studies of non-solar stars, but never for the Sun. We performed non-LTE radiative transfer computations from three models of the solar atmosphere and show that the asymmetric line-core and inverse C-shape of the bisector of the 854.2 nm line can be explained by isotopic splitting. We confirm this finding by analysing observations and showing that the line asymmetry is present irrespective of conditions in the solar atmosphere. Finally, we show that inversions based on the Ca II 854.2 nm line should take the isotopic splitting into account, otherwise the inferred atmospheres will contain erroneous velocity gradients and temperatures.
description: Accepted for ApJL
Self-induced Transparency in a Semiconductor Quantum Dot medium at ultra-cold temperatures
Creators: name: Hazra, Samit Kumar
name: Pathak, P. K.
name: Dey, Tarak Nath
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the feasibility of minimum absorption and minimum broadening of pulse propagation in an inhomogeneously broadened semiconductor quantum dot medium. The phonon interaction is inevitable in studying any semiconductor quantum dot system. We have used the polaron transformation technique to deal with quantum dot phonon interaction in solving system dynamics. We demonstrate that a short pulse can propagate inside the medium with minimal absorption and broadening in pulse shape. The stable pulse area becomes slightly higher than the prediction of the pulse area theorem and is also dependent on the environment temperature. The change in the final pulse shape is explained very well by numerically solving the propagation equation supported by the susceptibility of the medium. Our system also exhibits the pulse breakup phenomena for higher input pulse areas. Therefore, the considered scheme can have important applications in quantum communication, quantum information, and mode-locking with the advantage of scalability and controllability.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
The Snake Bites Its Tail: Cyclic Processes in Brahms's Third String Quartet, op. 67
Creators: name: Frisch, Walter M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Music

description: Brahms's Third String Quartet, op. 67 in Bb Major, represents one of his greatest efforts in cyclical form, but has been neglected in the analytical and critical literature, which has focused on the Third Symphony, the Schicksalslied, and the German Requiem. Brahms's cyclic techniques fall between the procedures of Beethoven, who aims for thematic unity or coherence across a work, and French composers at the end of the 19th century, who use extensive, intricate thematic transformation to bind a piece. Brahms designs the finale of his Bb Quartet, a theme and variations, to evolve toward the reappearance of the main thematic material of the first movement. In the coda of the finale, the themes of the two outer movements are superimposed in ways that reveal their latent kinship.
title: Investigation of SHOT1-binding ATPases in Arabidopsis thaliana
Creators: name: Zelman, Sam
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2020

description: Mitochondria play critical roles not only in primary metabolism as a central organelle for ATP generation, but also in responding to abiotic stresses. We identified a mutation in the MTERF18 (Mitochondrial Transcription Termination factor)/SHOT1 (Suppressor of hot1-4 1) gene in Arabidopsis thaliana that enables plants to better tolerate heat and oxidative stresses, presumably due to reduced oxidative damage, but the exact molecular mechanism of the heat tolerance is unknown. In order to reveal the stress tolerance mechanisms of mterf18/shot1 mutations, it is critical to understand the molecular defects of the mutant and to identify the molecular targets of the MTERF18/SHOT1 protein. MTERF18/SHOT1, a mitochondrial matrix protein, was found to bind to membrane-spanning mitochondrial AAA+ proteins homologous to ATAD3a of humans and other multicellular eukaryotes. A. thaliana has four ATAD3a homologues in two clades, and plants require one gene from each clade for viability. Previous studies of the topology and ATPase activity of ATAD3a suggest a role in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contact sites. These sites are poorly defined in plants, and their relationship to heat stress tolerance is intriguing. To better understand ATAD3 function I expressed and purified the soluble, matrix-located, catalytic C-terminal ATPase domain of these proteins in order to assay their ATPase activity and oligomerization states. Transgenic plants with fluorescently labelled ER and mitochondria have been generated to observe effects of the MTERF18/SHOT1 mutation on ER-mitochondria dynamics. These studies of the four ATAD3 proteins will provide insights into ER-mitochondrial contact sites in plants, and into their link to MTERF18/SHOT1 and heat stress tolerance. I also provide a review of our current knowledge of ER-mitochondria contact site protein components in plants with reference to these proteins in A. thaliana.
Chiral behavior of vector meson self energies
Creators: name: Bruns, Peter C.
name: Greil, Ludwig
name: Schäfer, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ a chiral Lagrangian framework with three dynamical flavors to calculate the masses of the lowest-lying vector mesons to one loop accuracy, and use the resulting formulae to extrapolate recent QCDSF lattice data on vector meson masses and mass ratios to the physical point. Our representation for the vector meson self energies also enables us to discuss loop corrections to the $ωϕ$ mixing amplitude.
Good Practice Guide on the calibration procedure for traceable mechanical power measurement based on synchronised torque and rotational speed measurement
Creators: name: Weidinger, Paula
name: Song, Zihang
name: Oliveira, Rafael Soares
name: Sander, Jonas
name: Vavrečka, Lukáš
name: Fidelus, Janusz
name: Heller, Marcel
name: Zhang, Hongkun
name: Zweiffel, Maximilian
name: Kananen, Timo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: WindEFCY
EMPIR
Horizon2020
19ENG08
Nacelle efficiency
Electrical power measurement
EURAMET

description: This report has been produced within the EMPIR project entitled Traceable Mechanical and Electrical Power Measurement for Efficiency Determination of Wind Turbines or 19ENG08 WindEFCY. More information about this collaborative research project can be found on the project's website https://www.ptb.de/empir2020/windefcy/home/. This Good Practice Guide provides information and advice about the calibration procedure for traceable mechanical power measurement based on synchronised torque and rotational speed measurement in test benches.
description: The project 19ENG08 – WindEFCY has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
Classical Be Stars: Rapidly Rotating B Stars with Viscous Keplerian Decretion Disks
Creators: name: Rivinius, Th.
name: Carciofi, A. C.
name: Martayan, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the past decade, a consensus has emerged regarding the nature of classical Be stars: They are very rapidly rotating main sequence B stars, which, through a still unknown, but increasingly constrained process, form an outwardly diffusing gaseous, dust-free Keplerian disk. In this work, first the definition of Be stars is contrasted to similar classes, and common observables obtained for Be stars are introduced and the respective formation mechanisms explained. We then review the current state of knowledge concerning the central stars as non-radially pulsating objects and non-magnetic stars, as far as it concerns large scale, i.e., mostly dipolar, global fields. Localized, weak magnetic fields remain possible, but are as of yet unproven. The Be phenomenon, linked with one or more mass ejection processes, acts on top of a rotation rate of about 75% of critical or above. The properties of the process can be well constrained, leaving only few options, most importantly, but not exclusively, non-radial pulsation and small scale magnetic fields. Of these, it is well possible that all are realized: In different stars, different processes may be acting. Once the material has been lifted into Keplerian orbit, memory of the details of the ejection process is lost, and the material is governed by viscosity. The disks are fairly well understood in the theoretical framework of the viscous decretion disk model. This is not only true for the disk structure, but as well for its variability, both cyclic and secular. Be binaries are reviewed under the aspect of the various types of interactions a companion can have with the circumstellar disk. Finally, extragalactic Be stars, at lower metallicities, seem more common and more rapidly rotating.
description: Review accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics Review, 87 pages with 17 figures
Kriegerlied; [ca. 1848]
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Kopftitel. - Textanfang: Frisch die Wehr zur Hand genommen, Brüder! Auf, zum blut'gen Streit, ... - Gedicht
Absence of percolation in graphs based on stationary point processes with degrees bounded by two
Creators: name: Jahnel, Benedikt
name: Tóbiás, András
Publisher: name: New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: bidirectional k-nearest neighbor graph
subject: continuum percolation
subject: degree bounds
subject: deletion-tolerance
subject: stationary point processes
subject: 510

description: We consider undirected graphs that arise as deterministic functions of stationary point processes such that each point has degree bounded by two. For a large class of point processes and edge-drawing rules, we show that the arising graph has no infinite connected component, almost surely. In particular, this extends our previous result for signal-to-interference ratio graphs based on stabilizing Cox point processes and verifies the conjecture of Balister and Bollobás that the bidirectional k-nearest neighbor graph of a two-dimensional homogeneous Poisson point process does not percolate for k=2.
Singular paths spaces and applications
Creators: name: Bellingeri, Carlo
name: Friz, Peter K.
name: Gerencsér, Máté
Publisher: name: Philadelphia, Pa. : Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Hölder spaces
subject: Rough paths
subject: rough volatility
subject: SLE trace
subject: 510

description: Motivated by recent applications in rough volatility and regularity structures, notably the notion of singular modeled distribution, we study paths, rough paths and related objects with a quantified singularity at zero. In a pure path setting, this allows us to leverage on existing SLE Besov estimates to see that SLE traces takes values in a singular Hölder space, which quantifies a well-known boundary effect in the regime κ<1. We then consider the integration theory against singular rough paths and some extensions thereof. This gives a method to reconcile, from a regularity structure point of view, different singular kernels used to construct (fractional) rough volatility models and an effective reduction to the stationary case which is crucial to apply general renormalization methods.
Leveraging Notice and Takedown to Address Trademark Infringement Online
Creators: name: Rubin, Thomas C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Trademarks
subject: Trademark infringement
subject: Internet
subject: Intellectual property
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Business

description: For the purposes of this Symposium, I was assigned the task of defending the current legal standard for assessing online service providers’ secondary liability for trademark infringement. In other words, I was asked to defend the “status quo.” I think it is safe to say that, at an academic conference, most people would not pick that position as their first option—it’s like being asked to discuss how to prepare meatloaf at a conference on new trends in the culinary arts. That said, with respect to the current law in the United States, I don’t completely shy away from the position. To be clear, my position is not that the current state of affairs is perfect. There are real challenges facing brand owners, challenges that I—and Microsoft—truly understand. Microsoft is an online service provider, and our online services, such as Bing, Skype, OneDrive, Office 365 and Xbox Live, are both important lines of business and valuable services that hundreds of millions of customers around the world rely on every day. At the same time, Microsoft owns some of the world’s most valuable brands and is a victim of substantial online infringement. Our infringement battles run the gamut from pirated and counterfeit software to counterfeit hardware, such as computer peripherals and game consoles. The damage caused by these infringements is estimated to be in the billions of dollars annually. Moreover, Microsoft expects our acquisition of Nokia’s phone business to only increase our counterfeiting and IP enforcement challenges. As my background demonstrates, I understand the importance of effective enforcement for brands, and the challenges brands face in getting the job done. For that reason, I believe that we should carefully consider all reasonable proposals that would protect against consumer harm and enable trademark owners to more effectively protect their brands from commercial threats.
Relating a Rate-Independent System and a Gradient System for the Case of One-Homogeneous Potentials
Creators: name: Mielke, Alexander
Publisher: name: New York, NY [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V.
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Contraction semigroup
subject: Energetic solutions
subject: Gradient flows
subject: Rate-independent systems
subject: Set of stable states
subject: Time reparametrization
subject: 510

description: We consider a non-negative and one-homogeneous energy functional J on a Hilbert space. The paper provides an exact relation between the solutions of the associated gradient-flow equations and the energetic solutions generated via the rate-independent system given in terms of the time-dependent functional E(t,u)=tJ(u) and the norm as a dissipation distance. The relation between the two flows is given via a solution-dependent reparametrization of time that can be guessed from the homogeneities of energy and dissipations in the two equations. We provide several examples including the total-variation flow and show that equivalence of the two systems through a solution dependent reparametrization of the time. Making the relation mathematically rigorous includes a careful analysis of the jumps in energetic solutions which correspond to constant-speed intervals for the solutions of the gradient-flow equation. As a major result we obtain a non-trivial existence and uniqueness result for the energetic rate-independent system.
Distributed Optimization and Data Market Design
Creators: name: London, Palma Alise den Neijs
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2017
Subjects: algorithms
Computer Science
data center
distributed optimization

description: We consider algorithms for distributed optimization and their applications. In this thesis, we propose a new approach for distributed optimization based on an emerging area of theoretical computer science – local computation algorithms. The approach is fundamentally different from existing methodologies and provides a number of benefits, such as robustness to link failure and adaptivity to dynamic settings. Specifically, we develop an algorithm, LOCO, that given a convex optimization problem P with n variables and a “sparse” linear constraint matrix with m constraints, provably finds a solution as good as that of the best online algorithm for P using only O(log(n + m)) messages with high probability. The approach is not iterative and communication is restricted to a localized neighborhood. In addition to analytic results, we show numerically that the performance improvements over classical approaches for distributed optimization are significant, e.g., it uses orders of magnitude less communication than ADMM.

We also consider the operations of a geographically distributed cloud data market. We consider design decisions that include which data to purchase (data purchasing) and where to place or replicate the data for delivery (data placement). We show that a joint approach to data purchasing and data placement within a cloud data market improves operating costs. This problem can be viewed as a facility location problem, and is thus NP-hard. However, we give a provably optimal algorithm for the case of a data market consisting of a single data center, and then generalize the result from the single data center setting in order to develop a near-optimal, polynomial-time algorithm for a geo-distributed data market. The resulting design, Datum, decomposes the joint purchasing and placement problem into two subproblems, one for data purchasing and one for data placement, using a transformation of the underlying bandwidth costs. We show, via a case study, that Datum is near-optimal (within 1.6%) in practical settings.
Relative opinion similarity leads to the emergence of large clusters in opinion formation models
Creators: name: Takesue, Hirofumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study considers a variant of the bounded confidence opinion formation model wherein the probability of opinion assimilation is dependent on the relative similarity of opinions. Agents are located on a social network and decide whether or not they adopt the opinion of one of the neighbors (called a role agent). Opinion assimilation is more (less) likely to occur when the distance from the opinion of the role agent is smaller (larger) than the average opinion distance from other neighbors. Thus, assimilation probability is reliant not only on opinion proximity with the role agent considered in conventional models but also on relative similarity that considers other neighbors. The simulation results demonstrate that large weights on relative similarity in determining assimilation probability increase the size of the largest opinion cluster. The size of the threshold parameter of the bounded confidence model displays inverse-U relationships with the largest cluster size. The findings imply that consideration of relative opinion similarity, as observed in recent empirical studies, prevents polarization into small opinion clusters.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Dynamic probabilistic constraints under continuous random distributions
Creators: name: González Grandón, T.
name: Henrion, R.
name: Pérez-Aros, P.
Publisher: name: Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chance constraints
subject: Continuous distributions
subject: Decision rules
subject: Dynamic probabilistic constraints
subject: Stochastic programming
subject: 510

description: The paper investigates analytical properties of dynamic probabilistic constraints (chance constraints). The underlying random distribution is supposed to be continuous. In the first part, a general multistage model with decision rules depending on past observations of the random process is analyzed. Basic properties like (weak sequential) (semi-) continuity of the probability function or existence of solutions are studied. It turns out that the results differ significantly according to whether decision rules are embedded into Lebesgue or Sobolev spaces. In the second part, the simplest meaningful two-stage model with decision rules from L2 is investigated. More specific properties like Lipschitz continuity and differentiability of the probability function are considered. Explicitly verifiable conditions for these properties are provided along with explicit gradient formulae in the Gaussian case. The application of such formulae in the context of necessary optimality conditions is discussed and a concrete identification of solutions presented. © 2020, The Author(s).
Temperature dependent anisotropy and two-band superconductivity revealed by lower critical field in organic superconductor $κ$-(BEDT-TTF)$_{2}$Cu[N(CN)$_{2}$]Br
Creators: name: Mu, Huijing
name: Si, Jin
name: Yang, Qingui
name: Xiang, Ying
name: Yang, Haipeng
name: Wen, Hai-Hu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resistivity and magnetization have been measured at different temperatures and magnetic fields in organic superconductors $κ$-(BEDT-TTF)$_{2}$Cu[N(CN)$_{2}$]Br. The lower critical field and upper critical field are determined, which allow to depict a complete phase diagram. Through the comparison between the upper critical fields with magnetic field perpendicular and parallel to the conducting ac-planes, and the scaling of the in-plane resistivity with field along different directions, we found that the anisotropy $Γ$ is strongly temperature dependent. It is found that $Γ$ is quite large (above 20) near $T_{c}$, which satisfies the 2D model, but approaches a small value in the low-temperature region. The 2D-Tinkham model can also be used to fit the data at high temperatures. This is explained as a crossover from the orbital depairing mechanism in high-temperature and low-field region to the paramagnetic depairing mechanism in the high-field and low-temperature region. The temperature dependence of lower critical field $H_{c1} (T)$ shows a concave shape in wide temperature region. It is found that neither a single $d$-wave nor a single $s$-wave gap can fit the $H_{c1} (T)$, however a two-gap model containing an $s$-wave and a $d$-wave can fit the data rather well, suggesting two-band superconductivity and an unconventional pairing mechanism in this organic superconductor.
American Reincarnations: What the Many Lives of Past Lives Tell us about Contemporary Spiritual Practice
Creators: name: Bender, Courtney
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Religion
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Americans
subject: History

description: This paper explores how contemporary “past life” and “reincarnation” practices in the United States draw upon and reproduce visions of divine connection formed in nineteenth-century metaphysical investigations. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with spiritual seekers in Cambridge, MA, in 2002–04, I demonstrate how contemporary past life beliefs and practices resonate with older concerns, questions, and understandings of the self in history. These practices allow contemporary American spiritual seekers to augment and creatively rethink (and replace) their relations with intimate others, providing rich experiential resources for placing the self in history and relation. At the same time, these practices displace practitioners’ interests in the metaphysical histories that scholars of religion have been most interested in recovering, raising new questions for historians and sociologists alike about how traditions are carried and recognized.
METHOD OF EXPRESSING OHM'S LAW EQUATION WRITTEN IN DIFFERENTIAL FORM BY MAXWELL
Creators: name: Alimardon Sultonovich Kholikov Assistant, Andijan machine-building institute, Uzbekistan
name: Mukhammadjon Turgunovich Xalilov Professor, Andijan machine-building institute, Uzbekistan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In the study of the constant current laws, the dependence of the current on the voltage for a part of the circuit and for the complete circuit is studied using Ohm's law. Using this law, it is possible to determine the volt-ampere characteristic of the conductor and the consumer. If the parameters of the conductor are given, the current passing through the circuit of the conductor allows to draw a conclusion about the current density, but to determine the current density depending on the electric field, it is necessary to use the differential form of Ohm's law. Accordingly, in this work, the methods of expressing the differential form of Ohm's law are explained.
Key words: Current strength, current density, voltage, electric resistance, relative electric conductivity, electric field, some potentials, charged particles.
title: Graph-Algorithm Based Verification on Network Configuration Robustness
Creators: name: Chen, Zibin
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2021

description: Network configurations are typically done by manually setting up the configuration files. Such manual configuration requires the network operators to be able to deal with low-level protocol-specific parameters as well as have a big picture of the network in mind. Thus, network configuration is prone to error. What makes things worse is that the network is a dynamic system where there are link failures/additions and routing announcements from outside the network. The growth of the network size and the huge number of routing events make it hard to predict the effect of the configuration.
In this thesis, we proposed a graph-algorithm-based approach to verify the network configuration robustness. In addition to verifying properties for one network snapshot, our approach can also verify these properties under intra-domain and inter-domain routing events efficiently. We implement the proposed approach and evaluate under both synthe- sized and real network configurations. The experiment results show that our approach can achieve at least 100x speedup over the existing approaches when verifying properties under routing events and scale to large networks with thousands of nodes.
title: The Passing Show
Creators: name: Fanelli, Kathryn
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2021

description: The Passing Show, examines the interface between contemplative practices and the destabilizing effect of the carnivalesque. A repurposed early 20th century merry-go- round is reconfigured as a conceptual vehicle for renewing our attention to removing hindrances. The site-specific installation, titled Vimoksha, is viewed through the lens of the radical imaginary, investigating notions of karmic inheritance through a heuristic approach to material processes, personal history, kinetics and sound.
The effect of helium accretion efficiency on rates of Type Ia supernovae: double-detonations in accreting binaries
Creators: name: Ruiter, Ashley J.
name: Belczynski, Krzysztof
name: Sim, Stuart A.
name: Seitenzahl, Ivo R.
name: Kwiatkowski, Damian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The double-detonation explosion scenario of Type Ia supernovae has gained increased support from the SN Ia community as a viable progenitor model, making it a promising candidate alongside the well-known single degenerate and double degenerate scenarios. We present delay times of double-detonation SNe, in which a sub-Chandrasekhar mass carbon-oxygen white dwarf accretes non-dynamically from a helium-rich companion. One of the main uncertainties in quantifying SN rates from double-detonations is the (assumed) retention efficiency of He-rich matter. Therefore, we implement a new prescription for the treatment of accretion/accumulation of He-rich matter on white dwarfs. In addition, we test how the results change depending on which criteria are assumed to lead to a detonation in the helium shell. In comparing the results to our standard case (Ruiter et al. 2011), we find that regardless of the adopted He accretion prescription, the SN rates are reduced by only 25% if low-mass He shells (< 0.05 Msun) are sufficient to trigger the detonations. If more massive (0.1 Msun) shells are needed, the rates decrease by 85% and the delay time distribution is significantly changed in the new accretion model - only SNe with prompt (< 500 Myr) delay times are produced. Since theoretical arguments favour low-mass He shells for normal double-detonation SNe, we conclude that the rates from double-detonations are likely to be high, and should not critically depend on the adopted prescription for accretion of He.
description: Accepted to MNRAS Letters. Updated figure from last version
Additional file 1 of Indirect regeneration in Ficus lyrata Warb. and metabolite profiles influenced by nitric oxide and Plant growth regulators
Creators: name: Abdolinejad, Ruhollah
name: Salmi, Mohamadreza Salehi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The 3-way ANOVA for the effect of NO, TDZ, andIBA and their interactions on survival rate (%),browning index, callusinduction (%), and morphogenic callus induction (%) parameters in F.lyrata leaf explants cultured on MT medium. TableS2. The 3-way ANOVA forthe effect of BAP, TDZ, and NO and their interactions on regeneration (%),shoot/explant, and shoot length parameters in F. lyrata explantscultured on MT medium. Table S3. Effect of different auxin × cytokinins × nitricoxide interactions on shoot regeneration (%), number of shoots/explant, andshoot length parameters of F. lyrata explants cultured on MT medium. TableS4. Effect of differentauxin × cytokinin × nitric oxide interactions (selective treatments) onphytochemical properties of F. lyrata explants in different indirect de novoregeneration phases, cultured on MT medium.
Constructing Buddhism(s): Interreligious Dialogue and Religious Hybridity
Creators: name: Bender, Courtney
name: Cadge, Wendy
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Religion

description: This paper presents data from interviews with senior Catholic and Buddhist nuns living in the United States who participated in an interreligious dialogue. We focus on how Catholic nuns develop, appropriate, and adapt Buddhist forms and ideas in their daily religious practices and how Buddhist nuns respond. We describe and analyze three distinct discursive constructions of Buddhism that Catholic and Buddhist nuns draw upon, and discuss the significance of these constructions for members of both traditions as they think about their groups' futures. This material contributes to research on religious syncretism, appropriation, and the hybrid nature of religious traditions in practice.