cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Generalized violence as a threat to health and well-being : A qualitative study of youth living in urban settings in central America's "northern triangle"
Creators: name: De Jesus, Maria
name: Hernandes, Carissa
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras rank among the top 10 countries experiencing violence in the world, despite not being at war. Although there is abundant literature on generalized violence in this “northern triangle” of Central America as a driver of out-migration to the United States, very little is known about the perspectives and experiences of youth who do not migrate. This study aimed to elicit the emic perspectives of youth residing in the region on how the day-to-day generalized violence produces a pervasive threat to the overall health and human security of youth as well as the key protective factors and resiliencies at work. We conducted two separate waves of qualitative research in 2015 and 2018 over a 6-month period, which included 60 in-depth interviews and six focus groups among Salvadoran, Guatemalan and Honduran youth living in urban areas. Qualitative thematic analysis revealed two meta-themes: (1) ‘Lack of health,’ defined as not experiencing peace within the family, the community, and the country’ and (2) ‘Resilience.’ Thematic clusters that reflect the first meta-theme are: (1) violence as a common occurrence; (2) living in fear and insecurity; (3) victimization; and (4) lack of state protection and services. Thematic clusters for the second meta-theme are: (1) a positive future outlook and a commitment to education; (2) transnational and local family network support; and (3) engagement in community-based youth groups. To interpret the findings, we adopt the Latin American Social Medicine and Collective Health (LASM-CH) approach that prioritizes perspectives from the region. Generalized violence is conceptualized as a systemic phenomenon that is generated and reproduced through the complex interactions of structural inequities and unequal power relations. The findings of this study provide new insights into the implementation of a different approach to address the generalized violence, insights that may guide multi-sectoral health policies and interventions both in the region and transnationally.
Screened fifth forces lower the TRGB-calibrated Hubble constant too
Creators: name: Desmond, Harry
name: Sakstein, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The local distance ladder measurement of the Hubble constant requires a connection between geometric distances at low redshift and Type Ia supernovae in the Hubble flow, which may be achieved through either the Cepheid period--luminosity relation or the luminosity of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB) feature of the Hertzsprung--Russell diagram. Any potential solution to the Hubble tension that works by altering the distance ladder must produce consistency of both the Cepheid and TRGB $H_0$ calibrations with the CMB. In this paper we extend our models of screened fifth forces (Desmond et al 2019) to cover the TRGB framework. A fifth force lowers TRGB luminosity, so a reduction in inferred $H_0$ requires that the stars that calibrate the luminosity---currently in the LMC---are on average less screened than those that calibrate the supernova magnitude. We show that even under pessimistic assumptions for the extinction to the LMC, full consistency with Planck can be achieved for a fifth force strength in unscreened RGB stars $\sim$0.2 that of Newtonian gravity. This is allowed by the comparison of Cepheid and TRGB distance measurements to nearby galaxies. Our results indicate that the framework of Desmond et al (2019) is more versatile than initially demonstrated, capable of ameliorating the Hubble tension on a second front.
description: 6+5 pages, 3 figures; minor revision, matches Phys Rev D published version
Additional file 2 of Lung function and microbiota diversity in cystic fibrosis
Creators: name: Cuthbertson, Leah
name: Walker, Alan W.
name: Oliver, Anna E.
name: Rogers, Geraint B.
name: Rivett, Damian W.
name: Hampton, Thomas H.
name: Ashare, Alix
name: J. Stuart Elborn
name: Soyza, Anthony De
name: Carroll, Mary P.
name: Hoffman, Lucas R.
name: Lanyon, Clare
name: Moskowitz, Samuel M.
name: O’Toole, George A.
name: Parkhill, Julian
name: Planet, Paul J.
name: Teneback, Charlotte C.
name: Tunney, Michael M.
name: Zuckerman, Jonathan B.
name: Bruce, Kenneth D.
name: Gast, Christopher J. Van Der
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Kruskal-Wallis summary statistics for testing for significant differences in diversity between lung function categories. Given for each test is the mean Fisher's alpha diversity index, standard deviation of the mean, H-statistic, and significance (P), and mean of ranks values. Asterisks denote significant differences in diversity following Kruskal-Wallis with post-hoc Dunn test.
Upset Recovery Control for Quadrotors Subjected to a Complete Rotor Failure from Large Initial Disturbances
Creators: name: Sun, Sihao
name: Baert, Matthias
name: van Schijndel, Bram Adriaan Strack
name: de Visser, Coen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 93C85

description: This study has developed a fault-tolerant controller that is able to recover a quadrotor from arbitrary initial orientations and angular velocities, despite the complete failure of a rotor. This cascaded control method includes a position/altitude controller, an almost-global convergence attitude controller, and a control allocation method based on quadratic programming. As a major novelty, a constraint of undesirable angular velocity is derived and fused into the control allocator, which significantly improves the recovery performance. For validation, we have conducted a set of Monte-Carlo simulation to test the reliability of the proposed method of recovering the quadrotor from arbitrary initial attitude/rate conditions. In addition, real-life flight tests have been performed. The results demonstrate that the post-failure quadrotor can recover after being casually tossed into the air.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures, accepted by International Conference of Robotics and Automation (ICRA) 2020
Differential Cross Sections for gamma + p --> K+ + Y for Lambda and Sigma0 Hyperons
Creators: name: Bradford, R.
name: Schumacher, R. A.
name: McNabb, J. W. C.
name: Todor, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-statistics cross sections for the reactions gamma + p --> K^+ + Lambda and gamma + p --> K^+ + Sigma^0 have been measured using CLAS at Jefferson Lab for center-of-mass energies W between 1.6 and 2.53 GeV, and for -0.85 < cos theta_{K^+}^{c.m.}< +0.95. In the K^+ Lambda channel we confirm a resonance-like structure near W=1.9 GeV at backward kaon angles. The position and width of this structure change with angle, indicating that more than one resonance is likely playing a role. The K^+ Lambda channel at forward angles and all energies is well described by a t-channel scaling characteristic of Regge exchange, while the same scaling applied to the K^+ Sigma^0 channel is less successful. Several existing theoretical models are compared to the data, but none provide a good representation of the results.
description: 26 pages, 26 figures
IMPACT ON LAND PRICES OF EXPORT DEMAND FOR SOUTH AFRICAN DECIDUOUS FRUIT: 1972-1992
Invioed van die vraag na uitvoere van Suid-Afrikaanse sagte vrugte op grond pryse: 1972-1992
Creators: name: Van Der Riet, D. F.
name: Darroch, M. A. G.
name: Van Der Riet, D. F.
name: Darroch, M. A. G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Demand and Price Analysis
International Relations/Trade
Land Economics/Use

description: This is the first local study of the linkage between export demand for deciduous fruit and South African deciduous fruit farm incomes and land prices. Export demand is expected to affect land prices through the derived demand relationship and capitalization formula. By analyzing the relative role of export demand, the study extends past research by van Wyk (1967), Behrmann and Collett (1970), Nieuwoudt (1980), Janse van Rensburg (1983) and Kassier (1985) which showed a close relationship between land prices and expected returns to farming. Ordinary Least Squares analysis of real annual farm income and land price data for the major apple producing area of Elgin in the Cape Province during 1972- 1992 supported a priori expectations of the linkage between export demand, farm income, and land prices. Lagged net revenue (total revenue less marketing costs) per hectare and lagged farmland prices per hectare had positive effects on land prices, while land prices were negatively related to lagged interest rates. When lagged net revenue per hectare was split into net export realisation revenue, net domestic realisation revenue and processing revenue, all three variables impacted positively on land prices, but only the export coefficient was statistically significant. These results imply that investor expectations about future net export revenue and interest rates, seem to drive farm land prices. Export enhancing policies to establish stable long-term export markets must account for the impact of macroeconomic linkages and global market forces on farm incomes and farm assets. Persistently high future local inflation rates could maintain downward pressure on the Rand exchange rate. Coupled with real income growth (increased demand) in developed countries, this will increase export revenues and land prices over time. New entrants will thus find it increasingly difficult to acquire farm land to produce for export markets.
Generalized violence as a threat to health and well-being : A qualitative study of youth living in urban settings in central America's "northern triangle"
Creators: name: De Jesus, Maria
name: Hernandes, Carissa
Publisher: name: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health
classificationCode: 4402
subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law

description: El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras rank among the top 10 countries experiencing violence in the world, despite not being at war. Although there is abundant literature on generalized violence in this “northern triangle” of Central America as a driver of out-migration to the United States, very little is known about the perspectives and experiences of youth who do not migrate. This study aimed to elicit the emic perspectives of youth residing in the region on how the day-to-day generalized violence produces a pervasive threat to the overall health and human security of youth as well as the key protective factors and resiliencies at work. We conducted two separate waves of qualitative research in 2015 and 2018 over a 6-month period, which included 60 in-depth interviews and six focus groups among Salvadoran, Guatemalan and Honduran youth living in urban areas. Qualitative thematic analysis revealed two meta-themes: (1) ‘Lack of health,’ defined as not experiencing peace within the family, the community, and the country’ and (2) ‘Resilience.’ Thematic clusters that reflect the first meta-theme are: (1) violence as a common occurrence; (2) living in fear and insecurity; (3) victimization; and (4) lack of state protection and services. Thematic clusters for the second meta-theme are: (1) a positive future outlook and a commitment to education; (2) transnational and local family network support; and (3) engagement in community-based youth groups. To interpret the findings, we adopt the Latin American Social Medicine and Collective Health (LASM-CH) approach that prioritizes perspectives from the region. Generalized violence is conceptualized as a systemic phenomenon that is generated and reproduced through the complex interactions of structural inequities and unequal power relations. The findings of this study provide new insights into the implementation of a different approach to address the generalized violence, insights that may guide multi-sectoral health policies and interventions both in the region and transnationally.
Simulating galaxy Clusters -II: global star formation histories and galaxy populations
Creators: name: Romeo, Alessio D.
name: Portinari, Laura
name: Sommer-Larsen, Jesper
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological (LambdaCDM) TreeSPH simulations of the formation and evolution of galaxy groups and clusters have been performed. The simulations invoke star formation, chemical evolution with non-instantaneous recycling, metal dependent radiative cooling, strong star burst and (optionally) AGN driven galactic super winds, effects of a meta-galactic UV field and thermal conduction. The properties of the galaxy populations in two clusters, one Virgo-like (T~3 keV) and one (sub) Coma-like (T~6 keV), are discussed. The global star formation rates of the cluster galaxies are found to decrease very significantly with time from redshift z=2 to 0, in agreement with observations. The total K-band luminosity of the cluster galaxies correlates tightly with total cluster mass, and for models without additional AGN feedback, the zero point of the relation matches the observed one fairly well. The match to observed galaxy luminosity functions is reasonable, except for a deficiency of bright galaxies (M_B < -20), which becomes increasingly significant with super-wind strength. Results of a high resolution test indicate that this deficiency is not due to ``over--merging''. The redshift evolution of the luminosity functions from z=1 to 0 is mainly driven by luminosity evolution, but also by merging of bright galaxies with the cD. The colour--magnitude relation of the cluster galaxies matches the observed "red sequence" very well and, on average, galaxy metallicity increases with luminosity. As the brighter galaxies are essentially coeval, the colour--magnitude relation results from metallicity rather than age effects, as observed.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures. Final version accepted by MNRAS, presenting new simulations and major changes. Printing in colour recommended
Reduction of spin transfer by synthetic antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Emley, N. C.
name: Albert, F. J.
name: Ryan, E. M.
name: Krivorotov, I. N.
name: Ralph, D. C.
name: Buhrman, R. A.
name: Daughton, J. M.
name: Jander, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Synthetic antiferromagnetic layers (SAF) are incorporated into spin transfer nanopillars giving a layer composition [Co(bottom)/Ru/Co(fixed)]/Cu/Co(free), where square brackets indicate the SAF. The Co(bottom) and Co(fixed) layers are aligned antiparallel (AP) by strong indirect exchange coupling through the Ru spacer. All three magnetic layers are patterned, so this AP alignment reduces undesirable dipole fields on the Co(free) layer. Adding the Co(bottom)/Ru layers reduces the spin polarization of the electron current passing through the nanopillar, leading to a decreased spin-torque per unit current incident on the Co(free) layer. This may be advantageous for device applications requiring a reduction of the effects of a spin-torque, such as nanoscale CPP-GMR read heads.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Iterative learning control in prosumer-based microgrids with hierarchical control
Creators: name: Strenge, Lia
name: Jing, Xiaohan
name: Boersma, Ruth
name: Schultz, Paul
name: Hellmann, Frank
name: Kurths, Jürgen
name: Raisch, Jörg
name: Seel, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Power systems are subject to fundamental changes due to the increasing infeed of renewable energy sources. Taking the accompanying decentralization of power generation into account, the concept of prosumer-based microgrids gives the opportunity to rethink structuring and operation of power systems from scratch. In a prosumer-based microgrid, each power grid node can feed energy into the grid and draw energy from the grid. The concept allows for spatial aggregation such that also an interaction between microgrids can be represented as a prosumer-based microgrid. The contribution of this work is threefold: (i) we propose a decentralized hierarchical control approach in a network including different time scales, (ii) we use iterative learning control to compensate periodic demand patterns and save lower layer control energy and (iii) we assure asymptotic stability and monotonic convergence in the iteration domain for the linearized dynamics and validate the performance by simulating the nonlinear dynamics.
description: accepted for IFAC World Congress 2020
A survey of recent adenoviral respiratory pathogens in Hong Kong reveals emergent and recombinant human Adenovirus Type 4 (HAdV-E4) circulating in civilian populations
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Kang, June
name: Dehghan, Shoaleh
name: Sridhar, Siddharth
name: Lau, Susanna K.
name: Ou, Junxian
name: Woo, Patrick C.
name: Zhang, Qiwei
name: Seto, Donald
Publisher: name: Viruses
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences

description: Human adenovirus type 4 (HAdV-E4), which is intriguingly limited to military populations, causes acute respiratory disease with demonstrated morbidity and mortality implications. This respiratory pathogen contains genome identity with chimpanzee adenoviruses, indicating zoonotic origins. A signature of these “old” HAdV-E4 is the absence of a critical replication motif, NF-I, which is found in all HAdV respiratory pathogens and most HAdVs. However, our recent survey of flu-like disease in children in Hong Kong reveals that the emergent HAdV-E4 pathogens circulating in civilian populations contain NF-I, indicating recombination and reflecting host-adaptation that enables the “new” HAdV-E4 to replicate more efficiently in human cells and foretells more potential HAdV-E4 outbreaks in immune-naïve civilian populations. Special attention should be paid by clinicians to this emergent and recombinant HAdV-E4 circulating in civilian populations.
Search for Dark Matter in b -> s Transitions with Missing Energy
Creators: name: Bird, Chris
name: Jackson, Paul
name: Kowalewski, Robert
name: Pospelov, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dedicated underground experiments searching for dark matter have little sensitivity to GeV and sub-GeV masses of dark matter particles. We show that the decay of B mesons to K(K^*) and missing energy in the final state can be an efficient probe of dark matter models in this mass range. We analyze the minimal scalar dark matter model to show that the width of the decay mode with two dark matter scalars B\to KSS may exceed the decay width in the Standard Model channel, B\to Kν\barν, by up to two orders of magnitude. Existing data from B physics experiments almost entirely exclude dark matter scalars with masses less than 1 GeV. Expected data from B factories will probe the range of dark matter masses up to 2 GeV.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. A minor misprint corrected
6th order robust pulses for quantum control
Creators: name: Hugh, D. Mc
name: Twamley, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Composite pulse sequences designed for nuclear magnetic resonance experiments are currently being applied in many quantum information processing technologies.We present an analysis of a family of composite pulse sequences used to address systematic pulse-length errors in the execution of quantum gates. It has been demonstrated by Cummins et al. [Phys. Rev. A 67, 042308 (2003)] that for this family of composite pulse sequences, the fidelity of the resulting unitary operation compared with the ideal unitary operation is 1+C*epsilon^6, where epsilon is the fractional error in the length of the pulse. We derive an exact expression for the 6th order coefficient, C, and from this deduce conditions under which this 6th order dependance is observed. We also present new pulse sequences which achieve the same fidelity.
description: Changes made to last section and references;5 pages;Figure added;Accepted in PRA
title: 01_2405
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Unitarity Triangle Analysis in the Standard Model and Sensitivity to New Physics
Creators: name: Ciuchini, M.
name: Franco, E.
name: Parodi, F.
name: Lubicz, V.
name: Silvestrini, L.
name: Stocchi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using the most recent determinations of the several theoretical and experimental input parameters, we update the Unitarity Triangle analysis in the Standard Model and discuss the sensitivity to New Physics effects. We investigate the interest of measuring with a better precision the various physical quantities entering the Unitarity Triangle analysis and study in a model independent way whether, despite the undoubted success of the CKM mechanism in the Standard Model, the Unitarity Triangle analysis still allows the presence of New Physics.
description: Invited talk at the Workshop on the CKM Unitarity Triangle, IPPP Durham, April 2003 (eConf C0304052). 9 pages LaTeX, 15 eps figures. Misprint corrected and references added
Statistical mechanics of the self-gravitating gases
Creators: name: Siebert, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The self-gravitating systems are formed by particles interacting through gravity. They describe structure formation in the universe. As a consequence of the long range interaction of gravity, they are inhomogeneous even at thermal equilibrium. We study the self-gravitating systems with several kinds of particles and the self-gravitating systems in the presence of the cosmological constant $ Lambda$. We formulate the statistical mechanics and the mean field approach describing the gaseous phase. We explicitely compute the density of particles and thermodynamic quantities. The presence of $ Lambda$ extends the domain of stability of the gaseous phase. Monte Carlo simulations show that the mean field describes the gaseous phase with an excellent accuracy. Scalling law of the self-gravitating systems with several kinds of particles is found. At the critical point the fractal dimension is independant of their composition and is $1.6...$~.
Additional file 1 of Lung function and microbiota diversity in cystic fibrosis
Creators: name: Cuthbertson, Leah
name: Walker, Alan W.
name: Oliver, Anna E.
name: Rogers, Geraint B.
name: Rivett, Damian W.
name: Hampton, Thomas H.
name: Ashare, Alix
name: J. Stuart Elborn
name: Soyza, Anthony De
name: Carroll, Mary P.
name: Hoffman, Lucas R.
name: Lanyon, Clare
name: Moskowitz, Samuel M.
name: O’Toole, George A.
name: Parkhill, Julian
name: Planet, Paul J.
name: Teneback, Charlotte C.
name: Tunney, Michael M.
name: Zuckerman, Jonathan B.
name: Bruce, Kenneth D.
name: Gast, Christopher J. Van Der
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Core taxa within each lung disease category. Given is prevalence, the number of samples a given core taxon was detected in, and average relative abundance across those samples. Operational taxonomic unit (OTU) identifications have been used for bacterial taxon names. OTU numbers have been used to differentiate between taxa within the same genus. Given the length of the ribosomal sequences analysed, species identities should be considered putative.
EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION AND SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
Creators: name: Wang, Ke
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: Sustainable economic growth is an essential goal for policy makers around the world, especially in developing countries. To achieve long-term growth and prosperity, export diversification and quality upgrading have been lately discussed as potential drivers of economic growth. This dissertation makes an effort to fill in some of the gaps in the literature through theoretical and empirical work to link economic diversification and long-term growth. My dissertation discusses various aspects of economic diversification including export diversification through export products and partners, export diversification on agriculture and manufacturing sectors, extensive and intensive margin of export diversification, real sector diversification, and quality upgrading of export products. My chapters cover the following main topics: the effects of export diversification and quality upgrading on economic growth; export diversification and growth volatility; and the real exchange rate, export diversification, and quality upgrading. I find supporting evidence of how economic diversification helps to promote long-term growth and reduce growth volatility. I also find real exchange rate misalignment has significant effects on export diversification. These questions are important for policy makers to understand whether diversification and quality upgrading could be used as a policy tool to promote sustainable growth and how countries could improve in economic diversification.
Utilizing aLIGO Glitch Classifications to Validate Gravitational-Wave Candidates
Creators: name: Davis, Derek
name: White, Laurel V.
name: Saulson, Peter R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Advanced LIGO data contains numerous noise transients, or "glitches", that have been shown to reduce the sensitivity of matched filter searches for gravitational waves from compact binaries by increasing the rate at which random coincidences occur. The presence of these transients has precipitated extensive work to establish that observed gravitational wave events are astrophysical in nature. We discuss the response of the PyCBC search for gravitational waves from stellar mass binaries to various common glitches that were observed during Advanced LIGO's first and second observing runs. We show how these transients can mimic waveforms from compact binary coalescences and quantify the likelihood that a given class of glitches will create a trigger in the search pipeline. We explore the specific waveform parameters that are most similar to different glitch classes and demonstrate how knowledge of these similarities can be used when evaluating the significance of gravitational-wave candidates.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Quadratic Quantum Measurements
Creators: name: Mao, Wenjin
name: Averin, Dmitri V.
name: Ruskov, Rusko
name: Korotkov, Alexander N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a theory of quadratic quantum measurements by a mesoscopic detector. It is shown that quadratic measurements should have non-trivial quantum information properties, providing, for instance, a simple way of entangling two non-interacting qubits. We also calculate output spectrum of a quantum detector with both linear and quadratic response continuously monitoring coherent oscillations in two qubits.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Boiling the Vacuum with an X-Ray Free Electron Laser
Creators: name: Ringwald, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray free electron lasers will be constructed in this decade, both at SLAC in the form of the so-called Linac Coherent Light Source as well as at DESY, where the so-called TESLA XFEL laboratory uses techniques developed for the design of the TeV energy superconducting electron-positron linear accelerator TESLA. Such X-ray lasers may allow also for high-field science applications by exploiting the possibility to focus their beams to a spot with a small radius, hopefully in the range of the laser wavelength. Along this route one obtains very large electric fields, much larger than those obtainable with any optical laser of the same power. We consider here the possibility of obtaining an electric field so high that electron-positron pairs are spontaneously produced in vacuum (Schwinger pair production) and review the prospects to verify this non-perturbative production mechanism for the first time in the laboratory.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, ws-procs9x6.cls (included); invited talk presented at the "Workshop on Quantum Aspects of Beam Physics", Hiroshima, Japan, January 2003
Clusters of Galaxies Masquerading as X-Ray Quasars
Creators: name: Donahue, Megan
name: Funkhouser, Kelsey
name: Koeppe, Dana
name: Frisbie, Rachel L. S.
name: Voit, G. Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by the discovery of the Phoenix cluster by the South Pole Telescope team, we initiated a search for other massive clusters of galaxies missing from the standard X-ray catalogs. We began by identifying 25 cluster candidates not included in the Meta-Catalog of X-ray Clusters of galaxies cluster compilation through cross-identification of the central galaxies of optically identified clusters in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey GMBCG catalog with bright X-ray sources in the ROSAT Bright Source Catalog. Those candidates were mostly unidentified or previously classified as X-ray active galactic nucleus (AGN). We analyzed brief Chandra X-ray Observatory observations of 14 of these X-ray sources and found that eight are X-ray luminous clusters of galaxies, only one showing evidence for a central X-ray point source. The remaining six candidates turned out to be point-source dominated, with faint detections or upper limits on any extended emission. We were not able to rule out the presence of extended X-ray emission from any of the point sources. The levels of extended emission around the six point sources are consistent with expectations based on optical richness, but could also be contaminated by scattered X-ray light from the central point source or extended nonthermal emission from possible radio lobes. We characterize the extended components of each of the well-detected cluster sources, finding that six of the eight X-ray clusters are consistent with being compact cool-core clusters. One of the newly identified low-luminosity X-ray clusters may have had an X-ray-luminous AGN 20 yr prior to the recent Chandra observations, based on the 4σ difference between its Chandra and ROSAT fluxes.
description: PDF, as published in Astrophysical Journal. 4 figures, 4 tables
Working for the World? National Representation in the United Nations Bureaucracy
Creators: name: Malone, Edward W.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: International organizations (IOs) such as the World Bank and the World Health Organization are perhaps best understood as membership organizations, with their membership consisting of national governments. Thus, one of the most salient questions regarding IOs is how they represent national interests. Although a fair amount has been written about the explicitly representational bodies within IOs, such as the United Nations (UN) General Assembly, less attention has been paid to national representation within another critical component of these organizations: their bureaucracies. Thus, in order to help fill this gap in the literature on IOs, the present study applies the theoretical framework of representative bureaucracy to the case of national representation in the UN bureaucracy. The study employs a mixed methods approach to both identify the determinants of passive national representation and explore the potential for active national representation in the UN bureaucracy. The findings help to paint a more complete picture of national representation in the UN than has previously been available, deepening our understanding of the UN’s relationship with its membership.
Acanthodavacarus Walter 2004, n. g.
Creators: name: Walter, David Evans
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Davacaridae
Acanthodavacarus

description: Genus Acanthodavacarus n. g.
 Type species. Acanthodavacarus klompeni, n. sp.
 Diagnosis. With the characteristics of the family and genital opening/ ovipore of female covered by four shields: mesogynial shield well developed, subtrapezoidal in shape; latigynial shields distinct and bearing two pairs of setae (st5–6); pregenital shield inversely subtriangular, ornamented with punctae and bearing a pair of setae (st4). Endogynial complex simple, Y-shaped, without punctate regions. Tritosternum with elongate collar and deeply divided laciniae.
Dorsal setae short, densely pilose. Two pairs of large opisthosomal glands present, each with a pair of guard setae and on short, horn-like processes. Male genital opening with a pair of setae.
description: Published as part of Walter, David Evans, 2004, From the subantarctic to the subtropics: a revision of the Davacaridae Kethley, 1977 (Acari: Trigynaspida: Mesostigmata) with the description of a new genus and three new species, pp. 2033-2049 in Journal of Natural History 38 (16) on page 2041, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001617733, http://zenodo.org/record/4676074
Working for the World? National Representation in the United Nations Bureaucracy
Creators: name: Malone, Edward W.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4407
subject: Policy and administration

description: International organizations (IOs) such as the World Bank and the World Health Organization are perhaps best understood as membership organizations, with their membership consisting of national governments. Thus, one of the most salient questions regarding IOs is how they represent national interests. Although a fair amount has been written about the explicitly representational bodies within IOs, such as the United Nations (UN) General Assembly, less attention has been paid to national representation within another critical component of these organizations: their bureaucracies. Thus, in order to help fill this gap in the literature on IOs, the present study applies the theoretical framework of representative bureaucracy to the case of national representation in the UN bureaucracy. The study employs a mixed methods approach to both identify the determinants of passive national representation and explore the potential for active national representation in the UN bureaucracy. The findings help to paint a more complete picture of national representation in the UN than has previously been available, deepening our understanding of the UN’s relationship with its membership.
Scattering of Quark-Quasiparticles in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
Creators: name: Mannarelli, M.
name: Rapp, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Employing a Brueckner-type many-body approach, based on a driving potential extracted from lattice QCD, we study light quark properties in a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) at moderate temperatures, $T\simeq$~1-2~$T_c$. The quark-antiquark $T$-matrix is calculated self-consistently with pertinent quark self-energies. While the repulsive octet channel induces quasiparticle masses of up to 150~MeV, the attractive color-singlet part exhibits resonance structures which lead to quasiparticle widths of $\sim$200~MeV.
description: Talk presented at Quark Matter 2005; four pages, four figures
UBC Fair Trade Week survey results
Creators: name: Badiei, Sadia
name: DeRose, Kristin
name: Jung, Yoon
name: Liu, Linda
name: Wong, Peter
name: Yu, Helen
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: Introduction: As the first Canadian university to be titled a “Fair Trade Campus,” the University of British Columbia (UBC) launched its first ever Fair Trade Week (FTW), March 5-9, 2012, in order to raise awareness on the importance of the Fair Trade (FT) movement and promote its plethora of Fairtrade certified (FC) products across campus. We have set out to determine the degree to which this FTW has impacted students, staff, and faculty members through administration of surveys. We hope the results from this survey will be used by SEEDS and the Fair Trade Week Committee of UBC to purchase and sell more desirable FC products to students, further reinforcing its stance as a FT campus. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Additional file 1 of The effect of simulation-based training in non-physician anesthetists in Tigray region, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Naod Bulti Etanaa
name: Kore Menjie Benwu
name: Hagos Gebregzabiher Gebremedhin
name: Haftom Berhane Desta
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Knowledge items used for assessment and proportion of respondents correct response in Tigray region from 25 May–10 June, 2019.
Lensing Mechanism Meets Small-$x$ Physics: Single Transverse Spin Asymmetry in $p^{\uparrow}+p$ and $p^{\uparrow}+A$ Collisions
Creators: name: Kovchegov, Yuri V.
name: Santiago, M. Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the single transverse spin asymmetry (STSA) in polarized proton-proton ($p^{\uparrow}+p$) and polarized proton-nucleus ($p^{\uparrow}+A$) collisions ($A_N$) generated by a partonic lensing mechanism. The polarized proton is considered in the quark-diquark model while its interaction with the unpolarized target is calculated using the small-$x$/saturation approach, which includes multiple rescatterings and small-$x$ evolution. The phase required for the asymmetry is caused by a final-state gluon exchange between the quark and diquark, as is standard in the lensing mechanism of Brodsky, Hwang and Schmidt. Our calculation combines the lensing mechanism with small-$x$ physics in the saturation framework. The expression we obtain for the asymmetry $A_N$ of the produced quarks has the following properties: (i) The asymmetry is generated by the dominant elastic scattering contribution and $1/N_c^2$ suppressed inelastic contribution (with $N_c$ the number of quark colors); (ii) The asymmetry grows or oscillates with the produced quark's transverse momentum $p_T$ until the momentum reaches the saturation scale $Q_s$, and then only falls off as $1/p_T$ for larger momenta; (iii) The asymmetry decreases with increasing atomic number $A$ of the target for $p_T$ below or near $Q_s$, but is independent of $A$ for $p_T$ significantly above $Q_s$. We discuss how these properties may be qualitatively consistent with the data on $A_N$ published by the PHENIX collaboration and with the preliminary data on $A_N$ reported by the STAR collaboration.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures
OUT OF TEXAS
Creators: name: McCarty, Laura
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Out of Texas is a collection of poems that explores a woman’s journey from childhood to motherhood. Out of the state that shaped her to the distant lands of Southeast Asia, Latin America and Africa, the poet roots us in deep familial bonds between mothers and daughters, fathers and children, husbands and wives, sisters and brothers. Those bonds both break and heal the poet as she looks for agency and redemption.
Gravitational form factors of hyperons in light-cone QCD
Creators: name: Özdem, U.
name: Azizi, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quark parts of the gravitational form factors of hyperons are calculated by means of the light-cone QCD sum rule. In the calculations, the distribution amplitudes (DAs) of $Σ$, $Ξ$ and $Λ$ together with the general forms of their interpolating currents as well as the quark part of the energy-momentum tensor current are used. These form factors can provide information on their mass and distributions of the angular momentum, energy and pressure inside the hyperons. It is obtained that the $Q^2$ dependencies of the hyperon gravitational form factors are nicely characterized by a multipole fit function. Using the fits of these form factors, some mechanical properties such as the mechanical radius of the hyperons and the pressure and energy distributions at the center of these particles are obtained. The obtained results can help us in better understanding of the internal structures of these baryons and the QCD as theory of the strong interaction.
description: 13 Pages, 2 Figures and 5 Tables
Improved Price Oracles: Constant Function Market Makers
Creators: name: Angeris, Guillermo
name: Chitra, Tarun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Trading and Market Microstructure (q-fin.TR)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Automated market makers, first popularized by Hanson's logarithmic market scoring rule (or LMSR) for prediction markets, have become important building blocks, called 'primitives,' for decentralized finance. A particularly useful primitive is the ability to measure the price of an asset, a problem often known as the pricing oracle problem. In this paper, we focus on the analysis of a very large class of automated market makers, called constant function market makers (or CFMMs) which includes existing popular market makers such as Uniswap, Balancer, and Curve, whose yearly transaction volume totals to billions of dollars. We give sufficient conditions such that, under fairly general assumptions, agents who interact with these constant function market makers are incentivized to correctly report the price of an asset and that they can do so in a computationally efficient way. We also derive several other useful properties that were previously not known. These include lower bounds on the total value of assets held by CFMMs and lower bounds guaranteeing that no agent can, by any set of trades, drain the reserves of assets held by a given CFMM.
Analytical results for a Model of Periodic Consumption
Creators: name: Kelly, Clare
name: Lanot, Gauthier
name: Kelly, Clare
name: Lanot, Gauthier
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Analytical consumption function
subject: liquidity constraints
subject: uncertainty

description: This paper presents the partial analytical solution to a model of periodic consumption that incorporates imperfect capital markets and uncertainty. Our model assumes that consumption decisions occur more frequently than income receipt. We show that the week specific consumption functions can be ordered. At low levels of wealth these functions exhibit a “ushaped” pattern between income receipts. We show analytically that changes in the level of the borrowing constraint affect only the level of consumption function and not the MPC, whilst mean preserving changes in uncertainty affect both.