cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a general model for multimodal unsaturated soil hydraulic properties
Creators: name: Seki, Katsutoshi
name: Toride, Nobuo
name: van Genuchten, Martinus Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many soils and other porous media exhibit dual- or multi-porosity type features. In a previous study (Seki et al., 2022) we presented multimodal water retention and closed-form hydraulic conductivity equations for such media. The objective of this study is to show that the proposed equations are practically useful. Specifically, dual-BC (Brooks and Corey)-CH (common head) (DBC), dual-VG (van Genuchten)-CH (DVC), and KO (Kosugi)$_1$BC$_2$-CH (KBC) models were evaluated for a broad range of soil types. The three models showed good agreement with measured water retention and hydraulic conductivity data over a wide range of pressure heads. Results were obtained by first optimizing water retention parameters and then optimizing the saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_s) and two parameters (p, q) or (p, r) in the general hydraulic conductivity equation. Although conventionally the tortuosity factor p is optimized and (q, r) fixed, sensitivity analyses showed that optimization of two parameters (p+r, qr) is required for the multimodal models. For 20 soils from the UNSODA database, the average $R^2$ for log (hydraulic conductivity) was highest (0.985) for the KBC model with r=1 and optimization of (Ks, p, q). This result was almost equivalent (0.973) to the DVC model with q=1 and optimization of (Ks, p, r); both were higher than $R^2$ for the widely used Peters model (0.956) when optimizing (Ks, p, a, $ω$). The proposed equations are useful for practical applications while mathematically being simple and consistent.
Neutron-deuteron scattering cross-sections with chiral $NN$ interactions using wave-packet continuum discretization
Creators: name: Miller, Sean B. S.
name: Ekström, Andreas
name: Hebeler, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we present a framework that allows to solve the Faddeev equations for three-nucleon scattering using the wave-packet continuum-discretization method. We perform systematic benchmarks using results in the literature and study in detail the convergence of this method with respect to the number of wave packets. We compute several different elastic neutron-deuteron scattering cross-section observables for a variety of energies using chiral nucleon-nucleon interactions. For the interaction $\text{N2LO}_{\text{opt}}$ we find good agreement with data for nucleon scattering-energies $E_\text{Lab} \leq 70$ MeV and a slightly larger maximum of the neutron analyzing power $A_y(n)$ at $E_\text{Lab} = 10$ MeV and 21 MeV compared with other interactions. This work represents a first step towards a systematic inclusion of three-nucleon scattering observables in the construction of next-generation nuclear interactions.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures
Comparing oncology clinical programs by use of innovative designs and expected net present value optimization: Which adaptive approach leads to the best result?
Creators: name: Marchenko, Olga
name: Ivanova, Anastasia
name: Jennison, Christopher
name: Parke, Tom
name: Perevozskaya, Inna
name: Song, Guochen
name: Anisimov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Designing an oncology clinical program is more challenging than designing a single study. The standard approaches have been proven to be not very successful during the last decade; the failure rate of Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials in oncology remains high. Improving a development strategy by applying innovative statistical methods is one of the major objectives of a drug development process. The oncology sub-team on Adaptive Program under the Drug Information Association Adaptive Design Scientific Working Group (DIA ADSWG) evaluated hypothetical oncology programs with two competing treatments and published the work in the Therapeutic Innovation and Regulatory Science journal in January, 2014. Five oncology development programs based on different Phase 2 designs, including adaptive designs, and a standard two parallel arm Phase 3 design were simulated and compared in terms of the probability of clinical program success and expected Net Present Value (eNPV). In this article we consider eight Phase2/Phase3 development programs based on selected combinations of five Phase 2 study designs and three Phase 3 study designs. We again used the probability of program success and eNPV to compare simulated programs. For the development strategies we considered, the eNPV showed robust improvement for each successive strategy, with the highest being for a three-arm response adaptive randomization design in Phase 2 and a group sequential design with 5 analyses in Phase 3.
Primula allionii Loisel., J. Bot. (Desvaux
Creators: name: Peruzzi, Lorenzo
name: Galasso, Gabriele
name: Domina, Gianniantonio
name: Bartolucci, Fabrizio
name: Santangelo, Annalisa
name: Alessandrini, Alessandro
name: Astuti, Giovanni
name: D'Antraccoli, Marco
name: Roma-Marzio, Francesco
name: Ardenghi, Nicola M. G.
name: Barberis, Giuseppina
name: Conti, Fabio
name: Bernardo, Liliana
name: Peccenini, Simonetta
name: Stinca, Adriano
name: Wagensommer, Robert P.
name: Bonari, Gianmaria
name: Iamonico, Duilio
name: Iberite, Mauro
name: Viciani, Daniele
name: Guacchio, Emanuele Del
name: Galdo, Gianpietro Giusso Del
name: Lastrucci, Lorenzo
name: Villani, Mariacristina
name: Brunu, Antonello
name: Magrini, Sara
name: Pistarino, Annalaura
name: Brullo, Salvatore
name: Salmeri, Cristina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Ericales
Primulaceae
Primula
Primula allionii

description: Primula allionii Loisel., J. Bot. (Desvaux) 2(5): 262(–263, pl. 11 fig. 1). 1809. [August 1809]
 Ind. Loc.:—“elle croît en Piémont, au lieu dit la Madona delle finestre, dans les endroits ombragés, entre les fentes des rochers”. PIE
 Type:—Not designated.
 Note:— According to Zhang & Kadereit (2005), original material (Balbis, 23 June 1803) may be conserved in AV.
 Compiled by:— G. Vacca
description: Published as part of Peruzzi, Lorenzo, Galasso, Gabriele, Domina, Gianniantonio, Bartolucci, Fabrizio, Santangelo, Annalisa, Alessandrini, Alessandro, Astuti, Giovanni, D'Antraccoli, Marco, Roma-Marzio, Francesco, Ardenghi, Nicola M. G., Barberis, Giuseppina, Conti, Fabio, Bernardo, Liliana, Peccenini, Simonetta, Stinca, Adriano, Wagensommer, Robert P., Bonari, Gianmaria, Iamonico, Duilio, Iberite, Mauro, Viciani, Daniele, Guacchio, Emanuele Del, Galdo, Gianpietro Giusso Del, Lastrucci, Lorenzo, Villani, Mariacristina, Brunu, Antonello, Magrini, Sara, Pistarino, Annalaura, Brullo, Salvatore & Salmeri, Cristina, 2019, An inventory of the names of native, non-endemic vascular plants described from Italy, their loci classici and types, pp. 1-215 in Phytotaxa 410 (1) on page 133, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.410.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13716045
Post-Inflationary Dark Matter Bremsstrahlung
Creators: name: Mambrini, Yann
name: Olive, Keith A.
name: Zheng, Jiaming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter may only interact with the visible sector efficiently at energy scales above the inflaton mass, such as the Planck scale or the grand unification scale. In such a scenario, the dark matter is mainly produced out of equilibrium during the period of reheating, often referred to as UV freeze-in. We evaluate the abundance of the dark matter generated from bremsstrahlung off the inflaton decay products assuming no direct coupling between the inflaton and the dark matter. This process generally dominates the production of dark matter for low reheating temperatures where the production through the annihilations of particle in the thermal plasma becomes inefficient. We find that the bremsstrahlung process dominates for reheating temperatures $T_{\mathrm{RH}} \lesssim 10^{10}$ GeV, and produces the requisite density of dark matter for a UV scale $\simeq 10^{16}$ GeV. As examples, we calculate numerically the yield of the dark matter bremsstrahlung through gravitation and dimension-6 vector portal effective interactions.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
Single-Degenerate Type Ia Supernovae Are Preferentially Overluminous
Creators: name: Fisher, Robert
name: Jumper, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observational and theoretical progress has favored merging and helium-accreting sub-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs in the double-degenerate and the double-detonation channels, respectively, as the most promising progenitors of normal Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Thus the fate of rapidly-accreting Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs in the single-degenerate channel remains more mysterious then ever. In this paper, we clarify the nature of ignition in Chandrasekhar-mass single-degenerate SNe Ia by analytically deriving the existence of a characteristic length scale which establishes a transition from central ignitions to buoyancy-driven ignitions. Using this criterion, combined with data from three-dimensional simulations of convection and ignition, we demonstrate that the overwhelming majority of ignition events within Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarfs in the single-degenerate channel are buoyancy-driven, and consequently lack a vigorous deflagration phase. We thus infer that single-degenerate SNe Ia are generally expected to lead to overluminous 1991T-like SNe Ia events. We establish that the rates predicted from both the population of supersoft X-ray sources and binary population synthesis models of the single-degenerate channel are broadly consistent with the observed rates of overluminous SNe Ia, and suggest that the population of supersoft X-ray sources are the dominant stellar progenitors of SNe 1991T-like events. We further demonstrate that the single-degenerate channel contribution to the normal and failed 2002cx-like rates is not likely to exceed 1% of the total SNe Ia rate. We conclude with a range of observational tests of overluminous SNe Ia which will either support or strongly constrain the single-degenerate scenario.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, accepted to Astrophysical Journal. Comments welcome
First Order formulation of Unimodular Gravity
Creators: name: Álvarez, Enrique
name: González-Martín, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First order lagrangians for the Weyl invariant formulation of Unimodular Gravity are proposed. Several alternatives are examined; in some of them first and second order are equivalent in a certain gauge only.
description: 4 pages
Searching for axion-like particles through CMB birefringence from string-wall networks
Creators: name: Jain, Mudit
name: Hagimoto, Ray
name: Long, Andrew J.
name: Amin, Mustafa A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Axion-like particles (ALPs) can form a network of cosmic strings and domain walls that survives after recombination and leads to anisotropic birefringence of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). In addition to studying cosmic strings, we clarify and emphasize how the formation of ALP-field domain walls impacts the cosmic birefringence signal; these observations provide a unique way of probing ALPs with masses in the range $3H_0 \lesssim m_a \lesssim 3H_{\rm cmb}$. Using measurements of CMB birefringence from several telescopes, we find no evidence for axion-defect-induced anisotropic birefringence of the CMB. We extract constraints on the model parameters that include the ALP mass $m_a$, ALP-photon coupling $\mathcal{A} \propto g_{aγγ} f_a$, the domain wall number $N_{\rm dw}$, and parameters characterizing the abundance and size of defects in the string-wall network. Considering also recent evidence for isotropic CMB birefringence, we find it difficult to accommodate this with the non-detection of anisotropic birefringence under the assumption that the signal is generated by an ALP defect network.
description: 20 pages + 3 appendices, 14 figures, 3 tables
Energy Systems Test Case Discovery Enabled by Test Case Profile and Repository
Creators: name: Raussi, Petra
name: Kamsamrong, Jirapa
name: Paspatis, Alexandros
name: Heussen, Kai
name: Zerihun, Tesfaye Amare
name: Widl, Edmund
name: Andrén, Filip Pröstl
name: Kazmi, Jawad H
name: Strasser, Thomas I.
name: Castro, Felipe
name: Pellegrino, Luigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Smart energy systems comprise multiple domains like power, thermal, control, information, and communication technology, which increases the complexity of research and development studies. This expansion also requires larger and ever so complex experimental pilot environments driving the demand for geographically distributed multi-research infrastructure tests. The Holistic Test Description approach supports the design of multi-domain and multi-research infrastructure tests by organizing the test cases into comprehensive segments, ensuring all relevant items for testing are covered. These test cases eventually form a pool, which to understand holistically would require studying and reading all the descriptions. This work proposes therefore the concept of Test Case Profiles to improve test case discovery and the structured creation of them. Test Case Profiles add further structure to the indexing in test case repositories. Along with the proposed indexing method, four different use cases are introduced to motivate additional applications of the proposed concept.
description: 2023 Open Source Modelling and Simulation of Energy Systems (OSMSES)
Dose-finding designs for trials of molecularly targeted agents and immunotherapies
Creators: name: Schwartz, Gary K.
name: Ivanova, Anastasia
name: Shtaynberger, Jonathan
name: Duong, Jimmy K.
name: Manji, Gulam A.
name: Chiuzan, Cody
name: Lee, Shing M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Recently, there has been a surge of early phase trials of molecularly targeted agents (MTAs) and immunotherapies. These new therapies have different toxicity profiles compared to cytotoxic therapies. MTAs can benefit from new trial designs that allow inclusion of low-grade toxicities, late-onset toxicities, addition of an efficacy endpoint, and flexibility in the specification of a target toxicity probability. To study the degree of adoption of these methods, we conducted a Web of Science search of articles published between 2008 and 2014 that describe phase 1 oncology trials. Trials were categorized based on the dose-finding design used and the type of drug studied. Out of 1,712 dose-finding trials that met our criteria, 1,591 (92.9%) utilized a rule-based design, and 92 (5.4%; range 2.3% in 2009 to 9.7% in 2014) utilized a model-based or novel design. Over half of the trials tested an MTA or immunotherapy. Among the MTA and immunotherapy trials, 5.8% used model-based methods, compared to 3.9% and 8.3% of the chemotherapy or radiotherapy trials, respectively. While the percentage of trials using novel dose-finding designs has tripled since 2007, only 7.1% of trials use novel designs.
The Hunter-8 Scale Prehospital Triage Workflow for Identification of Large Vessel Occlusion and Brain Haemorrhage
Creators: name: Garcia-Esperon, C.
name: Ostman, C.
name: Walker, F. R.
name: Chew, B. L. A.
name: Edwards, S.
name: Emery, J.
name: Bendall, J.
name: Alanati, K.
name: Dunkerton, S.
name: de Barros, R. Starling
name: Amin, M.
name: Gangadharan, S.
name: Lillicrap, T.
name: Parsons, M.
name: Levi, C. R.
name: Spratt, N. J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Neuroscience
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The Hunter-8 prehospital stroke scale predicts large vessel occlusion in hyperacute ischemic stroke patients (LVO) at hospital admission. We wished to test its performance in the hands of paramedics as part of a prehospital triage algorithm. We aimed to determine (a) the proportion of patients identified by the Hunter-8 algorithm, receiving reperfusion therapies, (b) whether a call to stroke team improved this, and (c) performance for LVO detection using an expanded LVO definition. A prehospital workflow combining pre-morbid functional status, time from symptom onset, and the Hunter-8 scale was implemented from July 2019. A telephone call to the stroke team was prompted for potential treatment candidates. Classic LVO was defined as a proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA-M1), terminal internal carotid artery, or tandem occlusion. Extended LVO added proximal MCA-M2 and basilar occlusions. From July 2019 to April 2021, there were 363 Hunter-8 activations, 320 analyzed: 181 (56.6%) had confirmed ischemic strokes, 13 (4.1%) transient ischemic attack, 91 (28.5%) stroke mimics, and 35 (10.9%) intracranial hemorrhage. Fifty-two patients (16.3%) received reperfusion therapies, 35 with Hunter-8 ≥ 8. The stroke doctor changed the final destination for 76 patients (23.7%), and five received reperfusion therapies. The AUCs for classic and extended LVO were 0.73 (95% CI 0.66–0.79) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.65–0.77), respectively. The Hunter-8 workflow resulted in 28.7% of confirmed ischemic stroke patients receiving reperfusion therapies, with no secondary transfers to the comprehensive stroke center. The role of communication with stroke team needs to be further explored.
Disrupted Globular Clusters Can Explain the Galactic Center Gamma Ray Excess
Creators: name: Brandt, Timothy D.
name: Kocsis, Bence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fermi satellite has recently detected gamma ray emission from the central regions of our Galaxy. This may be evidence for dark matter particles, a major component of the standard cosmological model, annihilating to produce high-energy photons. We show that the observed signal may instead be generated by millisecond pulsars that formed in dense star clusters in the Galactic halo. Most of these clusters were ultimately disrupted by evaporation and gravitational tides, contributing to a spherical bulge of stars and stellar remnants. The gamma ray amplitude, angular distribution, and spectral signatures of this source may be predicted without free parameters, and are in remarkable agreement with the observations. These gamma rays are from fossil remains of dispersed clusters, telling the history of the Galactic bulge.
description: ApJ accepted, replaced with accepted version. Text reorganized, results and conclusions unchanged
Doppler boosting the stochastic gravitational wave background
Creators: name: Cusin, Giulia
name: Tasinato, Gianmassimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the guaranteed features of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) is the presence of Doppler anisotropies induced by the motion of the detector with respect to the rest frame of the SGWB source. We point out that kinematic effects can be amplified if the SGWB is characterised by large tilts in its spectrum as a function of frequency, or by sizeable intrinsic anisotropies. Hence we examine the possibility to use Doppler effects as complementary probes of the SGWB frequency profile. For this purpose we work in multipole space, and we study the effect of kinematic modulation and aberration on the GW energy density parameter and on its angular power spectrum. We develop a Fisher forecast analysis and we discuss prospects for constraining parameters controlling kinematically induced anisotropies with future detector networks. As a case study, we apply our framework to a background component with constant slope in frequency, potentially detectable by a network of future ground-based interferometers. For this specific example, we show that a measurement of kinematic anisotropies with a network of Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer will allow us to constrain the spectral shape with a precision of about 16$\%$. Finally, we identify cosmological and astrophysical scenarios where kinematic effects are enhanced in frequency ranges probed by current and future GW experiments.
description: 34 pages, 9 figures. V2: analysis improved. Version to appear in JCAP
Combined Description of Pressure-Volume-Temperature and Dielectric Relaxation of Several Polymeric and Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Glass-Formers using 'SL-TS2' Mean-Field Approach
Creators: name: Ginzburg, Valeriy V.
name: Zaccone, Alessio
name: Casalini, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply our recently-developed mean-field 'SL-TS2' (two-state Sanchez-Lacombe) model to simultaneously describe dielectric alpha-relaxation time and pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) data in four polymers (polystyrene, poly(methylmethacrylate), poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(cyclohexane methyl acrylate)) and four organic molecular glass formers (ortho-terphenyl, glycerol, PCB-62, and PDE). Previously, it has been shown that for all eight materials, the Casalini-Roland thermodynamical scaling, /tau_{/alpha} = f(TV_{sp}^{/gamma}) (where T is temperature and V_{sp} is specific volume), (Casalini, R.; Roland, C. M. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2014, 113 (8), 85701), is satisfied. It has also been previously shown that the same scaling emerges naturally (for sufficiently low pressures) within the 'SL-TS2' framework (Ginzburg, V. V. Soft Matter 2021, 17, 9094). Here, we fit the ambient pressure curves for the relaxation time and the specific volume as functions of temperature for the eight materials and observe a good agreement between theory and experiment. We then use the Casalini-Roland scaling to convert those results into 'master curves', thus enabling predictions of relaxation times and specific volumes at elevated pressures. The proposed approach can be used to describe other glass-forming materials, both low-molecular-weight and polymeric.
description: 33 pages, 7 figures; submitted to Soft Matter
Perturbation of the mapping and solvability theorems in Banach space
Creators: name: Soltanov, Kamal N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: F.2.2; I.2.7
subject: 2000: primary 47J10, 47H14, 46E35, secondary 35G15, 35Q55

description: Here we consider a perturbation of continuous mappings on Banach spaces and investigate their image under various conditions. Consequently, we study the solvability of some classes of equations and inclusions. For these, we start by the investigating of local properties of the considered mapping and local comparing this mapping with certain smooth mappings. Moreover, we study different mixed problems.
Evaluating Conversational Recommender Systems: A Landscape of Research
Creators: name: Jannach, Dietmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Conversational recommender systems aim to interactively support online users in their information search and decision-making processes in an intuitive way. With the latest advances in voice-controlled devices, natural language processing, and AI in general, such systems received increased attention in recent years. Technically, conversational recommenders are usually complex multi-component applications and often consist of multiple machine learning models and a natural language user interface. Evaluating such a complex system in a holistic way can therefore be challenging, as it requires (i) the assessment of the quality of the different learning components, and (ii) the quality perception of the system as a whole by users. Thus, a mixed methods approach is often required, which may combine objective (computational) and subjective (perception-oriented) evaluation techniques. In this paper, we review common evaluation approaches for conversational recommender systems, identify possible limitations, and outline future directions towards more holistic evaluation practices.
Running and running of the running of the scalar spectral index in warm inflation
Creators: name: Das, Suratna
name: Ramos, Rudnei O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Next generation of cosmological observations are expected to improve the measurements of several quantities connected to the primordial inflation in the early Universe. These quantities include for example improved measurements for the spectral index of the scalar curvature of the primordial power spectrum and to also bring a better understanding on the scaling dependence of the primordial spectrum. This includes the running of the tilt and, possibly, also the running of the running. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of generating large runnings in the context of warm inflation. Useful analytical expressions for the runnings are derived in the context of warm inflation in the strong dissipation regime. The results are compared to and discussed for some well motivated primordial inflaton potentials that have recently been of interest in the literature.
description: v1:9 pages, double column, 0 figures, v2: 12 pages, double column, 0 figures. Sec 2 and 3 extended, references added, conlcusions unchanged. Version mathces the one published in Universe. This paper is an invited contribution to the Special Issue on Warm Inflation of the Universe journal
Geodesic completeness in a wormhole spacetime with horizons
Creators: name: Olmo, Gonzalo J.
name: Rubiera-Garcia, D.
name: Sanchez-Puente, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The geometry of a spacetime containing a wormhole generated by a spherically symmetric electric field is investigated in detail. These solutions arise in high-energy extensions of General Relativity formulated within the Palatini approach and coupled to Maxwell electrodynamics. Even though curvature divergences generically arise at the wormhole throat, we find that these spacetimes are geodesically complete. This provides an explicit example where curvature divergences do not imply spacetime singularities.
description: 17 double column pages, 22 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Selection of the initial design for the two-stage continual reassessment method
Creators: name: Jia, Xiaoyu
name: Lee, Shing M.
name: Ivanova, Anastasia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The continual reassessment method (CRM) was proposed in a Bayesian framework whereby the first patient is assigned to the prior guess of the maximum tolerated dose which is usually not the lowest dose level. This assignment may lead to safety concerns in practice because physicians usually prefer not to skip lower dose levels before escalating to the higher dose levels. The two-stage CRM was proposed to address such concern whereby model based dose escalation is preceded by a pre-specified escalating sequence starting from the lowest dose level. While a theoretical framework to build the two-stage CRM has been proposed, the selection of the initial dose escalating sequence, generally referred to as the initial design, remains arbitrary, either by specifing cohorts of three patients or by trial and error through extensive simulations. Motivated by a currently ongoing oncology dose finding study for which physicians stated their desire to start from the lowest dose even though the maximum tolerated dose was thought to be one of the higher dose levels, we proposed a systematic approach for selecting the initial design for the two-stage CRM. The initial design obtained using the proposed algorithm yields better operating characteristics compared to using a cohort of three initial design with a calibrated CRM. The proposed algorithm simplifies and provides a systematic approach for the selection of initial design for the two-stage CRM. Moreover, initial designs to be used as reference for planning a two-stage CRM are provided.
Sculpting bosonic states with arithmetic subtractions
Creators: name: Htoo, Zaw Lin
name: Lasmar, Zakarya
name: Nguyen, Chihuan
name: Ko-Wei, Tseng
name: Matsukevich, Dzmitry
name: Kaszlikowski, Dagomir
name: Scarani, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Continuous-variable (CV) encoding allows information to be processed compactly and efficiently on quantum processors. Recently developed techniques such as controlled beam-splitter operations and the near deterministic phonon subtractions make trapped ion systems attractive for exploring CV quantum computing. Here we propose a probabilistic scheme based on the boson sculpting technique for generating multipartite highly entangled states of motional modes of trapped ion systems. We also investigate the effects of decoherence on the fidelity of the generated state by performing numerical simulations with realistic noise parameters. Our work is a step towards generating multipartite continuous-variable entanglement.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures and 2 tables
A Geometrical Approach to Evaluate the Adversarial Robustness of Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Wang, Yang
name: Dong, Bo
name: Xu, Ke
name: Piao, Haiyin
name: Ding, Yufei
name: Yin, Baocai
name: Yang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are widely used for computer vision tasks. However, it has been shown that deep models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, i.e., their performances drop when imperceptible perturbations are made to the original inputs, which may further degrade the following visual tasks or introduce new problems such as data and privacy security. Hence, metrics for evaluating the robustness of deep models against adversarial attacks are desired. However, previous metrics are mainly proposed for evaluating the adversarial robustness of shallow networks on the small-scale datasets. Although the Cross Lipschitz Extreme Value for nEtwork Robustness (CLEVER) metric has been proposed for large-scale datasets (e.g., the ImageNet dataset), it is computationally expensive and its performance relies on a tractable number of samples. In this paper, we propose the Adversarial Converging Time Score (ACTS), an attack-dependent metric that quantifies the adversarial robustness of a DNN on a specific input. Our key observation is that local neighborhoods on a DNN's output surface would have different shapes given different inputs. Hence, given different inputs, it requires different time for converging to an adversarial sample. Based on this geometry meaning, ACTS measures the converging time as an adversarial robustness metric. We validate the effectiveness and generalization of the proposed ACTS metric against different adversarial attacks on the large-scale ImageNet dataset using state-of-the-art deep networks. Extensive experiments show that our ACTS metric is an efficient and effective adversarial metric over the previous CLEVER metric.
description: ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (ACM TOMM)
Pressure dependence of atomic dynamics in barocaloric ammonium sulfate: I. Rotations
Creators: name: Meijer, Bernet E.
name: Cai, Guanqun
name: Demmel, Franz
name: Walker, Helen C.
name: Phillips, Anthony E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solid-state cooling using barocaloric materials is a promising avenue for eco-friendly, inexpensive and highly efficient cooling. To design barocaloric compounds ready for deployment, it is essential to understand their thermodynamic behaviour under working conditions. To this end, we have studied the rotational dynamics in the molecular-ionic crystal ammonium sulfate under pressure, providing detailed insight into the origin of its large barocaloric effect. Using quasielastic neutron scattering experiments, we show that rotation of the ammonium cations is facilitated by pressure in the low-entropy phase, with the rotational "hopping" motion increasing in frequency as the pressure-induced phase transition is approached. We explain this unusual behaviour in terms of the competing hydrogen-bond networks represented by the two phases. This work includes the first results of a recently developed low-background, high-pressure gas cell for neutron scattering, showcasing its power in obtaining high-precision measurements of molecular dynamics under pressure.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Prehospital stroke triage: a modeling study on the impact of triage tools in different regions
Creators: name: Duvekot, Martijne H.C.
name: Garcia, Bjarty L.
name: Dekker, Luuk
name: Nguyen, Truc My
name: van den Wijngaard, Ido R.
name: de Laat, Karlijn F.
name: de Schryver, Els L.L.M.
name: Kloos, Loet M.H.
name: Aerden, Leo A.M.
name: Zylicz, Stas A.
name: Bosch, Jan
name: van Belle, Eduard
name: van Zwet, Erik W.
name: Rozeman, Anouk D.
name: Moudrous, Walid
name: Vermeij, Frédérique H.
name: Lingsma, Hester F.
name: Bakker, Jeannette
name: van Doormaal, Pieter Jan
name: van Es, Adriaan C.G.M.
name: van der Lugt, Aad
name: Wermer, Marieke J.H.
name: Dippel, Diederik W.J.
name: Kerkhoff, Henk
name: Roozenbeek, Bob
name: Kruyt, Nyika D.
name: Venema, Esmee
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: Direct transportation to a thrombectomy-capable intervention center is beneficial for patients with ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (LVO), but can delay intravenous thrombolytics (IVT). The aim of this modeling study was to estimate the effect of prehospital triage strategies on treatment delays and overtriage in different regions. We used data from two prospective cohort studies in the Netherlands: the Leiden Prehospital Stroke Study and the PRESTO study. We included stroke code patients within 6 hours from symptom onset. We modeled outcomes of RACE triage and triage with a personalized decision tool, using drip-and-ship as reference. Main outcomes were overtriage (stroke code patients incorrectly triaged to an intervention center), reduced delay to endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), and delay to IVT. We included 1798 stroke code patients from four ambulance regions. Per region, overtriage ranged from 1-13% (RACE triage) and 3-15% (personalized tool). Reduction of delay to EVT varied by region between 24 ± 5 minutes (n = 6) to 78 ± 3 (n = 2), while IVT delay increased with 5 (n = 5) to 15 minutes (n = 21) for non-LVO patients. The personalized tool reduced delay to EVT for more patients (25 ± 4 minutes (n = 8) to 49 ± 13 (n = 5)), while delaying IVT with 3-14 minutes (8-24 patients). In region C, most EVT patients were treated faster (reduction of delay to EVT 31 ± 6 minutes (n = 35), with RACE triage and the personalized tool. In this modeling study, we showed that prehospital triage reduced time to EVT without disproportionate IVT delay, compared to a drip-and-ship strategy. The effect of triage strategies and the associated overtriage varied between regions. Implementation of prehospital triage should therefore be considered on a regional level.
Systematic review of End Stage Renal Disease in Pakistan: Identifying implementation research outcomes.
Creators: name: Adenikinju, Deborah Boluwaji
name: Gyamfi, Joyce
name: Miele, Johanna
name: Patena, John
name: Dorice Vieira
name: Peprah, Emmanuel
name: Prasad, Joshua
name: AlRashed, Hamad
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Public Health

description: A systematic review that aims to identify and evaluate the available literature on implementation science outcomes research in relation to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in Pakistan.
Towards explainable evaluation of language models on the semantic similarity of visual concepts
Creators: name: Lymperaiou, Maria
name: Manoliadis, George
name: Mastromichalakis, Orfeas Menis
name: Dervakos, Edmund G.
name: Stamou, Giorgos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent breakthroughs in NLP research, such as the advent of Transformer models have indisputably contributed to major advancements in several tasks. However, few works research robustness and explainability issues of their evaluation strategies. In this work, we examine the behavior of high-performing pre-trained language models, focusing on the task of semantic similarity for visual vocabularies. First, we address the need for explainable evaluation metrics, necessary for understanding the conceptual quality of retrieved instances. Our proposed metrics provide valuable insights in local and global level, showcasing the inabilities of widely used approaches. Secondly, adversarial interventions on salient query semantics expose vulnerabilities of opaque metrics and highlight patterns in learned linguistic representations.
Silicon Nanoantenna Mix Arrays for a Trifecta of Quantum Emitter Enhancements
Creators: name: Dong, Zhaogang
name: Gorelik, Sergey
name: Paniagua-Dominguez, Ramón
name: Yik, Johnathan
name: Ho, Jinfa
name: Tjiptoharsono, Febiana
name: Lassalle, Emmanuel
name: Rezaei, Soroosh Daqiqeh
name: Neo, Darren C. J.
name: Bai, Ping
name: Kuznetsov, Arseniy I.
name: Yang, Joel K. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dielectric nanostructures have demonstrated optical antenna effects due to Mie resonances. Preliminary investigations on dielectric nanoantennas have been carried out for a trifecta of enhancements, i.e., simultaneous enhancements in absorption, emission directionality and radiative decay rates of quantum emitters. However, these investigations are limited by fragile substrates or low Purcell factor, which is extremely important for exciting quantum emitters electrically. In this paper, we present a Si mix antenna array to achieve the trifecta enhancement of ~1200 fold with a Purcell factor of ~47. The antenna design incorporates ~10 nm gaps within which fluorescent molecules strongly absorb the pump laser energy through a resonant mode. In the emission process, the antenna array increases the radiative decay rates of the fluorescence molecules via Purcell effect and provides directional emission through a separate mode. This work could lead to novel CMOS compatible platforms for enhancing fluorescence for biological and chemical applications.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
The effects of surface fossil magnetic fields on massive star evolution: IV. Grids of models at Solar, LMC, and SMC metallicities
Creators: name: Keszthelyi, Z.
name: de Koter, A.
name: Götberg, Y.
name: Meynet, G.
name: Brands, S. A.
name: Petit, V.
name: Carrington, M.
name: David-Uraz, A.
name: Geen, S. T.
name: Georgy, C.
name: Hirschi, R.
name: Puls, J.
name: Ramalatswa, K. J.
name: Shultz, M. E.
name: ud-Doula, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic fields can drastically change predictions of evolutionary models of massive stars via mass-loss quenching, magnetic braking, and efficient angular momentum transport, which we aim to quantify in this work. We use the MESA software instrument to compute an extensive main-sequence grid of stellar structure and evolution models, as well as isochrones, accounting for the effects attributed to a surface fossil magnetic field. The grid is densely populated in initial mass (3-60 M$_\odot$), surface equatorial magnetic field strength (0-50 kG), and metallicity (representative of the Solar neighbourhood and the Magellanic Clouds). We use two magnetic braking and two chemical mixing schemes and compare the model predictions for slowly-rotating, nitrogen-enriched ("Group 2") stars with observations in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We quantify a range of initial field strengths that allow for producing Group 2 stars and find that typical values (up to a few kG) lead to solutions. Between the subgrids, we find notable departures in surface abundances and evolutionary paths. In our magnetic models, chemical mixing is always less efficient compared to non-magnetic models due to the rapid spin-down. We identify that quasi-chemically homogeneous main sequence evolution by efficient mixing could be prevented by fossil magnetic fields. We recommend comparing this grid of evolutionary models with spectropolarimetric and spectroscopic observations with the goals of i) revisiting the derived stellar parameters of known magnetic stars, and ii) observationally constraining the uncertain magnetic braking and chemical mixing schemes.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. A full reproduction package is available on Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7069766
Polarization signatures of unresolved radio sources
Creators: name: Schnitzeler, D. H. F. M.
name: Banfield, J. K.
name: Lee, K. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how the imprint of Faraday rotation on radio spectra can be used to determine the geometry of radio sources and the strength and structure of the surrounding magnetic fields. We model spectra of Stokes Q and U for frequencies between 200 MHz and 10 GHz for Faraday screens with large-scale or small-scale magnetic fields external to the source. These sources can be uniform or 2D Gaussians on the sky with transverse linear gradients in rotation measure (RM), or cylinders or spheroids with an azimuthal magnetic field. At high frequencies the spectra of all these models can be approximated by the spectrum of a Gaussian source; this is independent of whether the magnetic field is large-scale or small-scale. A sinc spectrum in polarized flux density is not a unique signature of a volume where synchrotron emission and Faraday rotation are mixed. A turbulent Faraday screen with a large field coherence length produces a spectrum which is similar to the spectrum of a partial coverage model. At low and intermediate frequencies, such a Faraday screen produces a significantly higher polarized signal than the depolarization model by Burn, as shown by a random walk model of the polarization vectors. We calculate RM spectra for four frequency windows. Sources are strongly depolarized at low frequencies, but RMs can be determined accurately if the sensitivity of the observations is sufficient. Finally, we show that RM spectra can be used to differentiate between turbulent foreground models and partial coverage models.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Statistical design of noninferiority multiple region clinical trials to assess global and consistent treatment effects
Creators: name: Zhang, Kathy
name: Chen, Qingxia
name: Zeng, Donglin
name: Diao, Guoqing
name: Ibrahim, Joseph G.
name: Rong, Alan
name: Lee, Oliver
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Noninferiority multiregional clinical trials (MRCTs) have recently received increasing attention in drug development. While a major goal in an MRCT is to estimate the global treatment effect, it is also important to assess the consistency of treatment effects across multiple regions. In this paper, we propose an intuitive definition of consistency of noninferior treatment effects across regions under the random-effects modeling framework. Specifically, we quantify the consistency of treatment effects by the percentage of regions that meet a predefined treatment margin. This new approach enables us to achieve both goals in one modeling framework. We propose to use a signed likelihood ratio test for testing the global treatment effect and the consistency of noninferior treatment effects. In addition, we provide guidelines for the allocation rule to achieve optimal power for testing consistency among multiple regions. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to examine the performance of the proposed methodology. An application to a real data example is provided.
DNA cyclization and looping in the wormlike limit: normal modes and the validity of the harmonic approximation
Creators: name: Giovan, Stefan M.
name: Hanke, Andreas
name: Levene, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For much of the last three decades Monte Carlo-simulation methods have been the standard approach for accurately calculating the cyclization probability, $J$, or J factor, for DNA models having sequence-dependent bends or inhomogeneous bending flexibility. Within the last ten years, however, approaches based on harmonic analysis of semi-flexible polymer models have been introduced, which offer much greater computational efficiency than Monte Carlo techniques. These methods consider the ensemble of molecular conformations in terms of harmonic fluctuations about a well-defined elastic-energy minimum. However, the harmonic approximation is only applicable for small systems, because the accessible conformation space of larger systems is increasingly dominated by anharmonic contributions. In the case of computed values of the J factor, deviations of the harmonic approximation from the exact value of $J$ as a function of DNA length have not been characterized. Using a recent, numerically exact method that accounts for both anharmonic and harmonic contributions to $J$ for wormlike chains of arbitrary size, we report here the apparent error that results from neglecting anharmonic behavior. For wormlike chains having contour lengths less than four times the persistence length the error in $J$ arising from the harmonic approximation is generally small, amounting to free energies less than the thermal energy, $k_B T$. For larger systems, however, the deviations between harmonic and exact $J$ values increase approximately linearly with size.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures. Typos corrected. Manuscript improved