cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Regional and Sectoral Analysis of the Wheat-Flour Economy: A Transportation Study
Creators: name: Wright, Bruce H.
name: Wright, Bruce H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1969
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Report Introduction: Rates for hauling wheat have declined relative to those for flour, so the least-cost location pattern of the milling industry has shifted toward a market orientation, moving away from the rail transshipment orientation it exhibited for many years. Industry reorientation (relocation) contains a wide variety of implications pertaining not only to the milling industry itself but also to the different regions and sectors of the wheat-flour economy. The three main sections of this report serve to fulfill its three main purposes. First, a change in the relationship between rates for hauling wheat and flour is discussed in terms of the effect the change produces in the cost advantage of the present location of the flour milling industry. Second, an analytical framework is developed that identifies relationships between transportation rates and the different sectors and regions of the wheat-flour economy. Implementation of the framework quantifies some of the relationships. Finally, results obtained under alternative assumptions about transportation rates and valuations of flour are presented and interpreted in terms of implications they contain for the different sectors and regions of the wheat-flour economy.
Green Traffic Engineering by Line Card Minimization
Creators: name: Otten, Daniel
name: Ilsen, Max
name: Chimani, Markus
name: Aschenbruck, Nils
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Green Traffic Engineering encompasses network design and traffic routing strategies that aim at reducing the power consumption of a backbone network. We argue that turning off linecards is the most effective approach to reach this goal. Thus, we investigate the problem of minimizing the number of active line cards in a network while simultaneously allowing a multi-commodity flow being routed and keeping the maximum link utilization below a certain threshold. In addition to proving this problem to be NP-hard, we present an optimal ILP-based algorithm as well as a heuristic based on 2-Segment Routing. Lastly, we evaluate both approaches on real-world networks obtained from the Repetita Framework and a globally operating Internet Service Provider. The results of this evaluation indicate that our heuristic is not only close to optimal but significantly faster than the optimal algorithm, making it viable in practice.
description: This work has been submitted to IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice
Diagonalization-free implementation of spin relaxation theory for large spin systems
Creators: name: Kuprov, Ilya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Liouville space spin relaxation theory equations are reformulated in such a way as to avoid the computationally expensive Hamiltonian diagonalization step, replacing it by numerical evaluation of the integrals in the generalized cumulant expansion. The resulting algorithm is particularly useful in the cases where the static part of the Ha-miltonian is dominated by interactions other than Zeeman (e.g. in quadrupolar reson-ance, low-field EPR and Spin Chemistry). When used together with state space re-striction tools, the algorithm reported is capable of computing full relaxation supero-perators for NMR systems with more than 15 spins.
Gravitational wave astronomy of single sources with a pulsar timing array
Creators: name: Lee, K. J.
name: Wex, N.
name: Kramer, M.
name: Stappers, B. W.
name: Bassa, C. G.
name: Janssen, G. H.
name: Karuppusamy, R.
name: Smits, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Abbreviated: We investigate the potential of detecting the gravitational wave from individual binary black hole systems using pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) and calculate the accuracy for determining the GW properties. This is done in a consistent analysis, which at the same time accounts for the measurement of the pulsar distances via the timing parallax. We find that, at low redshift, a PTA is able to detect the nano-Hertz GW from super massive black hole binary systems with masses of $\sim10^8 - 10^{10}\,M_{\sun}$ less than $\sim10^5$\,years before the final merger, and those with less than $\sim10^3 - 10^4$ years before merger may allow us to detect the evolution of binaries. We derive an analytical expression to describe the accuracy of a pulsar distance measurement via timing parallax. We consider five years of bi-weekly observations at a precision of 15\,ns for close-by ($\sim 0.5 - 1$\,kpc) pulsars. Timing twenty pulsars would allow us to detect a GW source with an amplitude larger than $5\times 10^{-17}$. We calculate the corresponding GW and binary orbital parameters and their measurement precision. The accuracy of measuring the binary orbital inclination angle, the sky position, and the GW frequency are calculated as functions of the GW amplitude. We note that the "pulsar term", which is commonly regarded as noise, is essential for obtaining an accurate measurement for the GW source location. We also show that utilizing the information encoded in the GW signal passing the Earth also increases the accuracy of pulsar distance measurements. If the gravitational wave is strong enough, one can achieve sub-parsec distance measurements for nearby pulsars with distance less than $\sim 0.5 - 1$\,kpc.
description: 16 pages, 5 figure,, accepted by MNRAS
Score lists in multipartite hypertournaments
Creators: name: Pirzada, Shariefuddin
name: Zhou, Guofei
name: Iványi, Antal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.2.2
subject: 05C65

description: Given non-negative integers $n_{i}$ and $α_{i}$ with $0 \leq α_{i} \leq n_i$ $(i=1,2,...,k)$, an $[α_{1},α_{2},...,α_{k}]$-$k$-partite hypertournament on $\sum_{1}^{k}n_{i}$ vertices is a $(k+1)$-tuple $(U_{1},U_{2},...,U_{k},E)$, where $U_{i}$ are $k$ vertex sets with $|U_{i}|=n_{i}$, and $E$ is a set of $\sum_{1}^{k}α_{i}$-tuples of vertices, called arcs, with exactly $α_{i}$ vertices from $U_{i}$, such that any $\sum_{1}^{k}α_{i}$ subset $\cup_{1}^{k}U_{i}^{\prime}$ of $\cup_{1}^{k}U_{i}$, $E$ contains exactly one of the $(\sum_{1}^{k} α_{i})!$ $\sum_{1}^{k}α_{i}$-tuples whose entries belong to $\cup_{1}^{k}U_{i}^{\prime}$. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for $k$ lists of non-negative integers in non-decreasing order to be the losing score lists and to be the score lists of some $k$-partite hypertournament.
Metals Value Chain Report
Creators: name: Massop, Jur
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: BAMB
materials passports
metal recycling

description: This report details the current state of metals recycling in the built industry. It provides insight in some issues that are keeping this sector from moving to a fully circular value chain producing only healthy products. Innovation is required to become independent of virgin material streams.
description: This publication was part of the Buildings As Material Banks (BAMB) project which has received funding from the European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant number 642384.
Constraining extended cosmologies with GW$\times$LSS cross-correlations
Creators: name: Bosi, Michele
name: Bellomo, Nicola
name: Raccanelli, Alvise
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rapid development of gravitational wave astronomy provides the unique opportunity of exploring the dynamics of the Universe using clustering properties of coalescing binary black hole mergers. Gravitational wave data, along with information coming from future galaxy surveys, have the potential of shedding light about many open questions in Cosmology, including those regarding the nature of dark matter and dark energy. In this work we explore which combination of gravitational wave and galaxy survey datasets are able to provide the best constraints both on modified gravity theories and on the nature of the very same binary black hole events. In particular, by using the public Boltzmann code \texttt{Multi\_CLASS}, we compare cosmological constraints on popular $Λ$CDM extensions coming from gravitational waves alone and in conjunction with either deep and localized or wide and shallow galaxy surveys. We show that constraints on extensions of General Relativity will be at the same level of existing limits from gravitational waves alone or one order of magnitude better when galaxy surveys are included. Furthermore, cross-correlating both kind of galaxy survey with gravitational waves datasets will allow to confidently rule in or out primordial black holes as dark matter candidate in the majority of the allowed parameter space.
description: 34 pages, 7 figures. Matches the published version
High-Round QAOA for MAX $k$-SAT on Trapped Ion NISQ Devices
Creators: name: Pelofske, Elijah
name: Bärtschi, Andreas
name: Golden, John
name: Eidenbenz, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA) is a hybrid classical-quantum algorithm that aims to sample the optimal solution(s) of discrete combinatorial optimization problems. We present optimized QAOA circuit constructions for sampling MAX $k$-SAT problems, specifically for $k=3$ and $k=4$. The novel $4$-SAT QAOA circuit construction we present uses measurement based uncomputation, followed by classical feed forward conditional operations. The QAOA circuit parameters for $3$-SAT are optimized via exact classical (noise-free) simulation, using HPC resources to simulate up to $20$ rounds on $10$ qubits. In order to explore the limits of current NISQ devices we execute these optimized QAOA circuits for random $3$-SAT test instances with clause-to-variable ratio $4$ on four trapped ion quantum computers: Quantinuum H1-1 (20 qubits), IonQ Harmony (11 qubits), IonQ Aria 1 (25 qubits), and IonQ Forte (30 qubits). The QAOA circuits that are executed include $n=10$ up to $p=20$, and $n=22$ for $p=1$ and $p=2$. The high round circuits use upwards of 9,000 individual gate instructions, making these some of the largest QAOA circuits executed on NISQ devices. Our main finding is that current NISQ devices perform best at low round counts (i.e., $p = 1,\ldots, 5$) and then -- as expected due to noise -- gradually start returning satisfiability truth assignments that are no better than randomly picked solutions as the number of QAOA rounds are further increased.
Interdisciplinary Training Webinar
Creators: name: Santucci, Raffaella
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: This deliverable describes the Cryomicroscopy for macromolecular structure determination webinar - the
 first in the planned series of 9 Interdisciplinary Training Webinars for the Q-SORT project.
 The Interdisciplinary Training Webinars are part of Work Package 3 Theory, optical testing, and TEM
 implementation of generalised Sorter [Months: 1-41], Task 3.5 - Interdisciplinary Training Webinars (M6,
 M11, M12, M18, M24, M26, M30, M36, M41).
 The present document is comprised of 4 Chapters, including Introduction and Conclusions.
 The Introduction describes what a webinar is.
 Chapter 2 summarises what we mean by Interdisciplinary Training Webinars and what their function is
 within Q-SORT.
 Chapter 3 illustrates context, aims, and content of the first Interdisciplinary Training Webinar of Q-SORT.
 The conclusions outline future plans for the Interdisciplinary Training Webinars.
Electronic correlations and superconducting instability in La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ under high pressure
Creators: name: Lechermann, Frank
name: Gondolf, Jannik
name: Bötzel, Steffen
name: Eremin, Ilya M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the report of superconductivity in bilayer La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ at high pressure, we examine the interacting electrons in this system. First-principles many-body theory is utilized to study the normal-state electronic properties. Below 100\,K, a multi-orbital non-Fermi liquid state resulting from loss of Ni-ligand coherence within a flat-band dominated low-energy landscape is uncovered. The incoherent low-temperature Fermi surface displays strong mixing between Ni-$d_{z^2}$ and Ni-$d_{x^2-y^2}$ orbital character. In a model-Hamiltonian picture, spin fluctuations originating mostly from the Ni-$d_{z^2}$ orbital give rise to strong tendencies towards a superconducting instability with $B_{1g}$ or $B_{2g}$ order parameter. The dramatic enhancement of $T_{\rm c}$ in pressurized La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ is due to stronger Ni-$d_{z^2}$ correlations compared to those in the infinite-layer nickelates.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, supplemental material
FCNC charmed-hadron decays with invisible singlet particles in light of recent data
Creators: name: Li, Geng
name: Tandean, Jusak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC) decays of charmed hadrons with missing energy $(\not\!\!E)$ can serve as potentially promising hunting grounds for hints of new physics, as the standard-model backgrounds are very suppressed. A few of such processes have been searched for in recent experiments, specifically $D^0\to\,\not\!\!E$ by Belle and $D^0\toπ^0$$\not\!\!E$ and $Λ_c^+\to p\!\not\!\!E$ by BESIII, resulting in upper bounds on their branching fractions. We consider them to illuminate the possible contributions of the quark transition $c\to u\!\not\!\!E$ with a couple of invisible spinless bosons carrying away the missing energy, assuming that they are not charge conjugates of each other and hence can have unequal masses. We find that these data are complementary in that they constrain different sets of the underlying operators and do not cover the same ranges of the bosons' masses, but there are regions not yet accessible. From the allowed parameter space, we show that other $D$-meson decays, such as $D\toρ$$\not\!\!E$, and the charmed-baryon ones $Ξ_c\to(Σ,Λ)$$\not\!\!E$ can have sizable branching fractions and therefore may offer further probes of the new-physics interactions. We point out the importance of $D^0\toγ\!\not\!\!E$ which are not yet searched for but could access parts of the parameter space beyond the reach of the other modes. In addition, we look at a scenario where the invisibles are instead fermionic, namely sterile neutrinos, and a scalar leptoquark mediates $c\to u\!\not\!\!E$. We discuss the implications of the aforesaid bounds for this model. The predictions we make for the various charmed-hadron decays in the different scenarios may be testable in the near future by BESIII and Belle II.
description: 26 pages, 38 figures, Published version
Cybersecurity Training for Users of Remote Computing
Creators: name: Ponce, Marcelo
name: van Zon, Ramses
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: End users of remote computing systems are frequently not aware of basic ways in which they could enhance protection against cyber-threats and attacks. In this paper, we discuss specific techniques to help and train users to improve cybersecurity when using such systems. To explain the rationale behind these techniques, we go into some depth explaining possible threats in the context of using remote, shared computing resources. Although some of the details of these prescriptions and recommendations apply to specific use cases when connecting to remote servers, such as a supercomputer, cluster, or Linux workstation, the main concepts and ideas can be applied to a wider spectrum of cases.
description: To be presented at SEHET23@PEARC23 and published in the Journal of Computational Science Education. Associated repository with best practices and recommendations: https://github.com/cybersec-BestPractices/cybersec-RemoteComputing
Cosmic Bounces and Cyclic Universes
Creators: name: Lehners, Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological models involving a bounce from a contracting to an expanding universe can address the standard cosmological puzzles and generate "primordial" density perturbations without the need for inflation. Some such models, in particular the ekpyrotic and cyclic models that we focus on, fit rather naturally into string theory. We discuss a number of topics related to these models: the reasoning that leads to the ekpyrotic phase, the predictions for upcoming observations, the differences between singular and non-singular models of the bounce as well as the predictive and explanatory power offered by these models.
description: 28 pages. Contribution to the CQG focus issue on String Cosmology
The 200 Degree-Long Magellanic Stream System
Creators: name: Nidever, David L.
name: Majewski, Steven R.
name: Burton, W. Butler
name: Nigra, Lou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish that the Magellanic Stream (MS) is some 40 degrees longer than previously known with certainty and that the entire MS and Leading Arm (LA) system is thus at least 200 degrees long. With the GBT, we conducted a ~200 square degree, 21-cm survey at the MS-tip to substantiate the continuity of the MS between the Hulsbosch & Wakker data and the MS-like emission reported by Braun & Thilker. Our survey, in combination with the Arecibo survey by Stanimirovic et al., shows that the MS gas is continuous in this region and that the MS is at least ~140 degrees long. We identify a new filament on the eastern side of the MS that significantly deviates from the equator of the MS coordinate system for more than ~45 degrees. Additionally, we find a previously unknown velocity inflection in the MS-tip near MS longitude L_MS=-120 degrees at which the velocity reaches a minimum and then starts to increase. We find that five compact high velocity clouds cataloged by de Heij et al. as well as Wright's Cloud are plausibly associated with the MS because they match the MS in position and velocity. The mass of the newly-confirmed ~40 degree extension of the MS-tip is ~2x10^7 Msun (d/120 kpc)^2 (including Wright's Cloud increases this by ~50%) and increases the total mass of the MS by ~4%. However, projected model distances of the MS at the tip are generally quite large and, if true, indicate that the mass of the extension might be as large as ~10^8 Msun. From our combined map of the entire MS, we find that the total column density (integrated transverse to the MS) drops markedly along the MS and follows an exponential decline with L_MS. We estimate that the age of the ~140 degree-long MS is ~2.5 Gyr which coincides with bursts of star formation in the Magellanic Clouds and a possible close encounter of these two galaxies with each other that could have triggered the formation of the MS. [Abridged]
description: 15 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
A statistical method for revealing form-function relations in biological networks
Creators: name: Mugler, Andrew
name: Grinshpun, Boris
name: Franks, Riley
name: Wiggins, Chris H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Over the past decade, a number of researchers in systems biology have sought to relate the function of biological systems to their network-level descriptions -- lists of the most important players and the pairwise interactions between them. Both for large networks (in which statistical analysis is often framed in terms of the abundance of repeated small subgraphs) and for small networks which can be analyzed in greater detail (or even synthesized in vivo and subjected to experiment), revealing the relationship between the topology of small subgraphs and their biological function has been a central goal. We here seek to pose this revelation as a statistical task, illustrated using a particular setup which has been constructed experimentally and for which parameterized models of transcriptional regulation have been studied extensively. The question "how does function follow form" is here mathematized by identifying which topological attributes correlate with the diverse possible information-processing tasks which a transcriptional regulatory network can realize. The resulting method reveals one form-function relationship which had earlier been predicted based on analytic results, and reveals a second for which we can provide an analytic interpretation. Resulting source code is distributed via http://formfunction.sourceforge.net.
description: To appear in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 17 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables
Dirac fermions in strong gravitational fields
Creators: name: Obukhov, Yuri N.
name: Silenko, Alexander J.
name: Teryaev, Oleg. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the dynamics of the Dirac fermions in the general strong gravitational and electromagnetic fields. We derive the general Hermitian Dirac Hamiltonian and transform it to the Foldy-Wouthuysen representation for the spatially isotropic metric. The quantum operator equations of motion are obtained and the semiclassical limit is analyzed. The comparison of the quantum mechanical and classical equations shows their complete agreement. The helicity dynamics in strong fields is discussed. Squaring the covariant Dirac equation explicitly shows a similarity of the interactions of electromagnetic and gravitational fields with a charged and spinning particle.
description: 21 pages, no figures, Revtex4
Interdisciplinary Training Webinar
Creators: name: Santucci, Raffaella
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: This deliverable describes the “Low-damage Multi-pass Electron Microscopy” Interdisciplinary Training
 Webinar - the second in the planned series of 9 Interdisciplinary Training Webinars for the Q-SORT
 project.
 The Interdisciplinary Training Webinars are part of Work Package 3 Theory, optical testing, and TEM
 implementation of generalised Sorter [Months: 1-41], Task 3.5 - Interdisciplinary Training Webinars (M6,
 M11, M12, M18, M24, M26, M30, M36, M41).
 The present document is comprised of 4 Chapters, including Introduction and Conclusions.
 The Introduction describes what a webinar is.
 Chapter 2 summarises what we mean by Interdisciplinary Training Webinars and what their function is
 within Q-SORT.
 Chapter 3 illustrates context, aims, and content of the second Interdisciplinary Training Webinar of
 Q-SORT.
 The conclusions outline future plans for the Interdisciplinary Training Webinars.
MOIRCS Deep Survey. VIII. Evolution of Star Formation Activity as a Function of Stellar Mass in Galaxies since z~3
Creators: name: Kajisawa, M.
name: Ichikawa, T.
name: Yamada, T.
name: Uchimoto, Y. K.
name: Yoshikawa, T.
name: Akiyama, M.
name: Onodera, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of star formation activity of galaxies at 0.5~1. We found galaxies at 2.51 and becomes significant at z~3, especially in the case with the SFR based on MIPS 24um. In galaxies with Mstar = 10^{10-11.5} Msun, those with a relatively narrow range of SSFR (
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Effects of Storage Temperatures on Quality of Soybean Salad Oil
Creators: name: Baumann, Lewis A.
name: Whitten, Marion E.
name: Baumann, Lewis A.
name: Whitten, Marion E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Report Objectives: The primary objectives of this study were to compare the flavor of soybean salad oils in sealed containers after dry storage and after refrigerated storage, and then, after a heat treatment with the cans open, to compare the flavor of the same oils again. Other objectives were: (1) To determine the storage temperatures and time required to develop a difference in flavor that could be noticed by the average consumer either at the end of the storage period or after the heat treatment during which the cans were open. (2) To determine any relationships between the quality of the oils before and after storage; and after the further heat treatment. (3) To ascertain the relationship between flavor scores and flavor adjectives as used by the taste panel.
Hypo-Steiner heuristic for multicast routing in all-optical WDM mesh networks
Creators: name: Zhou, Fen
name: Molnar, Miklos
name: Cousin, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In sparse light splitting all-optical WDM networks, the more destinations a light-tree can accommodate, the fewer light-trees andwavelengths amulticast session will require. In this article, a Hypo-Steiner light-tree algorithm (HSLT) is proposed to construct a HSLT light-tree to include as many destinations as possible. The upper bound cost of the light-trees built by HSLT is given as N(N -1)/2, where N is the number of nodes in the network. The analytical model proves that, under the same condition, more destinations could be held in a HSLT than a Member-Only (Zhang et al., J. Lightware Technol, 18(12), 1917-1927 2000.) light-tree. Extensive simulations not only validate the proof but also show that the proposed heuristic outperforms the existing multicast routing algorithms by a large margin in terms of link stress, throughput, and efficiency ofwavelength usage.
Topological Data Analysis for Directed Dependence Networks of Multivariate Time Series Data
Creators: name: El-Yaagoubi, Anass B.
name: Ombao, Hernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Topological data analysis (TDA) approaches are becoming increasingly popular for studying the dependence patterns in multivariate time series data. In particular, various dependence patterns in brain networks may be linked to specific tasks and cognitive processes, which can be altered by various neurological impairments such as epileptic seizures. Existing TDA approaches rely on the notion of distance between data points that is symmetric by definition for building graph filtrations. For brain dependence networks, this is a major limitation that constrains practitioners to using only symmetric dependence measures, such as correlations or coherence. However, it is known that the brain dependence network may be very complex and can contain a directed flow of information from one brain region to another. Such dependence networks are usually captured by more advanced measures of dependence such as partial directed coherence, which is a Granger causality based dependence measure. These dependence measures will result in a non-symmetric distance function, especially during epileptic seizures. In this paper we propose to solve this limitation by decomposing the weighted connectivity network into its symmetric and anti-symmetric components using matrix decomposition and comparing the anti-symmetric component prior to and post seizure. Our analysis of epileptic seizure EEG data shows promising results.
Effect of cuttings on annular pressure loss
Creators: name: Albassam, Mohammed
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Equivalent circulating density
Pressure loss
Cuttings concentration
Yield Power Law
Mud flow
Annulus

description: Accurate measurements of pressure loss in the annulus are critical in order to optimize drilling operations and to ensure a safe drilling environment. Monitoring Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) is essential because it ensures that the applied dynamic fluid pressure is within the drilling margin. The presence of drill-cuttings in the annulus increases the ECD by increasing the effective density and rheology of the drilling fluid in the annulus. However, existing ECD models do not consider the effect of cuttings on drilling fluid even though one of the drilling fluids' primary functions is to carry cuttings from bottom-hole to the surface. This study proposes a modified pressure loss equation for Yield Power Law fluids that takes into consideration the effect of cuttings within the annular mud flow. The proposed equation is then evaluated against experiments that measure pressure gradients for fluids with solid particles. The accuracy of the modified pressure equation is significantly high when compared with actual experimental results. The objective of this work was to develop a model that couples the proposed modified pressure gradient equation with a cuttings transport model to predict the ECD for vertical wells. Additionally, the model provides a cuttings concentration map that illustrates the cuttings distribution vs. depth to highlight any problematic zones. Different drilling scenarios are presented in the results and discussions section to emphasize the effect of drilling rate of penetration (ROP) and flowrate on the cuttings concentration; as a result, on the annular pressure loss and ECD. The model also provides analyses on the bottoms-up time and on the volume of cuttings that reach the surface and highlights the effect of cuttings size on ECD and bottoms-up time
Interdisciplinary Training Webinar (release 3)
Creators: name: Santucci, Raffaella
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: This deliverable describes the “Programmable phase plates for electrons” Interdisciplinary Training
 Webinar - the third in the planned series of 9 Interdisciplinary Training Webinars for the Q-SORT project.
 The Interdisciplinary Training Webinars are part of Work Package 3 Theory, optical testing, and TEM
 implementation of generalised Sorter [Months: 1-41], Task 3.5 - Interdisciplinary Training Webinars (M6,
 M11, M12, M18, M24, M26, M30, M36, M41).
 The present document is comprised of 4 Chapters, including Introduction and Conclusions.
 The Introduction describes what a webinar is.
 Chapter 2 summarises what we mean by Interdisciplinary Training Webinars and what their function is
 within Q-SORT.
 Chapter 3 illustrates context, aims, and content of the third Interdisciplinary Training Webinar of Q-SORT.
 The conclusions outline future plans for the Interdisciplinary Training Webinars.
Uncited articles and their effect on the concentration of citations
Creators: name: Kozlowski1, Diego
name: Andersen, Jens Peter
name: Larivière, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Empirical evidence demonstrates that citations received by scholarly publications follow a pattern of preferential attachment, resulting in a power-law distribution. Such asymmetry has sparked significant debate regarding the use of citations for research evaluation. However, a consensus has yet to be established concerning the historical trends in citation concentration. Are citations becoming more concentrated in a small number of articles? Or have recent geopolitical and technical changes in science led to more decentralized distributions? This ongoing debate stems from a lack of technical clarity in measuring inequality. Given the variations in citation practices across disciplines and over time, it is crucial to account for multiple factors that can influence the findings. This article explores how reference-based and citation-based approaches, uncited articles, citation inflation, the expansion of bibliometric databases, disciplinary differences, and self-citations affect the evolution of citation concentration. Our results indicate a decreasing trend in citation concentration, primarily driven by a decline in uncited articles, which, in turn, can be attributed to the growing significance of Asia and Europe. On the whole, our findings clarify current debates on citation concentration and show that, contrary to a widely-held belief, citations are increasingly scattered.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
Colour matters : coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) prefer and are less aggressive in darker coloured tanks
Creators: name: Gaffney, Leigh Phillippa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: Fish are capable of colour vision and certain colours have been shown to affect growth and survival, skin colour, stress response, and reproduction. Beyond these physiological consequences, colour has also been shown to affect aggression levels, which is a widespread problem in aquaculture. The compatibility of fish with tank colour has been largely neglected within the aquaculture industry. Common practice is to use light blue tanks but there is no scientific basis for this choice. Closed containment aquaculture systems provide a good model to investigate the effects of tank colour on fish. Though closed containment aquaculture systems provide the opportunity for full control of environmental conditions, little research to date has investigated which parameters within these systems promote fish welfare. The aim of this study was to assess preferences of coho salmon for tank colour and determine the effects of colour on aggression. Coho salmon (n=100) were randomly assigned to 10 tanks, each bisected to allow fish to choose between two colours. Using a Latin-square design, each tank was tested with each of the following colour choices: blue vs. white, light grey, dark grey, and black, as well as black vs. white, light grey, dark grey, and a mixed dark grey/black pattern. Fish showed a strong preference for black over all other tank background options (p < 0.0001) with the exception of pattern, which was still significant but slightly less strong (p < 0.01). Moreover, darker colours in the environment resulted in lower rates of aggressive behaviours compared to lighter colours (p < 0.0001). These results present the first evidence that darker tanks are preferred by and decrease overall tank aggression levels in salmonids.
Cosmological coupling of nonsingular black holes
Creators: name: Cadoni, M.
name: Sanna, A. P.
name: Pitzalis, M.
name: Banerjee, B.
name: Murgia, R.
name: Hazra, N.
name: Branchesi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that -- in the framework of general relativity (GR) -- if black holes (BHs) are singularity-free objects, they couple to the large-scale cosmological dynamics. We find that the leading contribution to the resulting growth of the BH mass ($M_{\rm BH}$) as a function of the scale factor $a$ stems from the curvature term, yielding $M_{\rm BH} \propto a^k$, with $k=1$. We demonstrate that such a linear scaling is universal for spherically-symmetric objects, and it is the only contribution in the case of regular BHs. For nonsingular horizonless compact objects we instead obtain an additional subleading model-dependent term. We conclude that GR nonsingular BHs/horizonless compact objects, although cosmologically coupled, are unlikely to be the source of dark energy. We test our prediction with astrophysical data by analysing the redshift dependence of the mass growth of supermassive BHs in a sample of elliptical galaxies at redshift $z=0.8 -0.9$. We also compare our theoretical prediction with higher redshift BH mass measurements obtained with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We find that, while $k=1$ is compatible within $1 σ$ with JWST results, the data from elliptical galaxies at $z=0.8 -0.9$ favour values of $k>1$. New samples of BHs covering larger mass and redshift ranges and more precise BH mass measurements are required to settle the issue.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, discussions/references added, matches the version published in JCAP
The Fermi view of gamma-ray bursts
Creators: name: Piron, Frederic
name: Connaughton, Valerie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since its successful launch in June 2008, the {\it Fermi} Gamma-ray Space Telescope has made important breakthroughs in the understanding of the Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) phenomemon. The combination of the GBM and the LAT instruments onboard the {\it Fermi} observatory has provided a wealth of information from its observations of GRBs over seven decades in energy. We present brief descriptions of the {\it Fermi} instruments and their capabilities for GRB science, and report highlights from {\it Fermi} observations of high-energy prompt and extended GRB emission. The main physical implications of these results are discussed, along with open questions regarding GRB modelling. We emphasize future synergies with ground-based Čerenkov telescopes at the time of the SVOM mission.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures -- Published in a special issue of Comptes Rendus Physique "GRB studies in the SVOM era", Eds. F. Daigne, G. Dubus
Monster in the Dark: The Ultraluminous GRB 080607 and its Dusty Environment
Creators: name: Perley, Daniel A.
name: Morgan, A. N.
name: Updike, A.
name: Yuan, F.
name: Akerlof, C. W.
name: Miller, A. A.
name: Bloom, J. S.
name: Cenko, S. B.
name: Li, W.
name: Filippenko, A. V.
name: Prochaska, J. X.
name: Kann, D. A.
name: Butler, N. R.
name: Christian, P.
name: Hartmann, D. H.
name: Milne, P.
name: Rykoff, E. S.
name: Rujopakarn, W.
name: Wheeler, J. C.
name: Williams, G. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present early-time optical through infrared photometry of the bright gamma-ray burst GRB 080607, starting only 6 s following the initial trigger in the rest frame. Complemented by our previously published spectroscopy, this high-quality photometric dataset allows us to solve for the extinction properties of the redshift 3.036 sightline, giving perhaps the most detailed information on the ultraviolet continuum absorption properties of any sightline outside our Local Group to date. The extinction properties are not adequately modeled by any ordinary extinction template (including the average Milky Way, Large Magellanic Cloud, and Small Magellanic Cloud curves), partially because the 2175-Angstrom feature (while present) is weaker by about a factor of two than when seen under similar circumstances locally. However, the spectral energy distribution is exquisitely fitted by the more general Fitzpatrick & Massa (1990) parameterization of Local-Group extinction, putting it in the same family as some peculiar Milky Way extinction curves. After correcting for this (considerable, A_V = 3.3 +/- 0.4 mag) extinction, GRB 080607 is revealed to have been among the most optically luminous events ever observed, comparable to the naked-eye burst GRB 080319B. Its early peak time (t_rest < 6 s) indicates a high initial Lorentz factor (Gamma > 600), while the extreme luminosity may be explained in part by a large circumburst density. Only because of its early high luminosity could the afterglow of GRB 080607 be studied in such detail in spite of the large attenuation and great distance, making this burst an excellent prototype for the understanding of other highly obscured extragalactic objects, and of the class of "dark" GRBs in particular.
description: Submitted to AJ. 15 pages, 6 tables, 9 figures
From ductile damage to unilateral contact via point-wise implicit discontinuity at the infinitesimal element level
Creators: name: Daneshyar, Alireza
name: Herrmann, Leon
name: Kollmannsberger, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ductile damage models and cohesive laws incorporate the material plasticity entailing the growth of irrecoverable deformations even after complete failure. This unrealistic growth remains concealed until the unilateral effects arising from the crack closure emerge. We address this issue by proposing a new strategy to cope with the entire process of failure, from the very inception in the form of diffuse damage to the final stage, i.e. the emergence of sharp cracks. To this end, we introduce a new strain field, termed discontinuity strain, to the conventional additive strain decomposition to account for discontinuities in a continuous sense so that the standard principle of virtual work applies. We treat this strain field similar to a strong discontinuity, yet without introducing new kinematic variables and nonlinear boundary conditions. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this new strategy at a simple ductile damage constitutive model. The model uses a scalar damage index to control the degradation process. The discontinuity strain field is injected into the strain decomposition if this damage index exceeds a certain threshold. The threshold corresponds to the limit at which the induced imperfections merge and form a discrete crack. With three-point bending tests under pure mode I and mixed-mode conditions, we demonstrate that this augmentation does not show the early crack closure artifact which is wrongly predicted by plastic damage formulations at load reversal. We also use the concrete damaged plasticity model provided in Abaqus commercial finite element program for our comparison. Lastly, a high-intensity low-cycle fatigue test demonstrates the unilateral effects resulting from the complete closure of the induced crack.
Exciton-magnon splitting in van der Waals antiferromagnet MnPS$_3$ unveiled by second-harmonic generation
Creators: name: Wang, Ziqian
name: Zhang, Xiao-Xiao
name: Shiomi, Yuki
name: Arima, Taka-hisa
name: Nagaosa, Naoto
name: Tokura, Yoshinori
name: Ogawa, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrafast and coherent generation of magnons is of great significance for high-speed antiferromagnetic spintronics. One possible route is by exciton-magnon pairwise optical excitation. To date, such exciton-magnon transitions have been studied mostly by linear optical means in a limited number of conventional three-dimensional antiferromagnets. Here we investigate this correlated transition in van der Waals antiferromagnet MnPS$_3$ by using resonant second-harmonic generation spectroscopy, a nonlinear optical probe sensitive to the symmetry of electronic and magnetic excitations. Two exciton-magnon peaks are observed, in line with the exciton-induced splitting of magnon density of states predicted by a Koster-Slater type theory, indicating significant exciton-magnon interactions. In addition, a large linear magnetoelectric effect of excitons is observed. These findings provide renewed understandings on the correlation effects in two-dimensional magnets with enhanced quasiparticle scattering cross-sections, and point to potential coherent control among charge, spin and orbital degrees of freedom in two-dimensional magnets by optical means.
Testing by C++ template metaprograms
Creators: name: Pataki, Norbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.5
subject: 62N03

description: Testing is one of the most indispensable tasks in software engineering. The role of testing in software development has grown significantly because testing is able to reveal defects in the code in an early stage of development. Many unit test frameworks compatible with C/C++ code exist, but a standard one is missing. Unfortunately, many unsolved problems can be mentioned with the existing methods, for example usually external tools are necessary for testing C++ programs. In this paper we present a new approach for testing C++ programs. Our solution is based on C++ template metaprogramming facilities, so it can work with the standard-compliant compilers. The metaprogramming approach ensures that the overhead of testing is minimal at runtime. This approach also supports that the specification language can be customized among other advantages. Nevertheless, the only necessary tool is the compiler itself.
Cold Storage and Transport of Strawberry Plants
Creators: name: Worthington, John T.
name: Vaught, Carl
name: Worthington, John T.
name: Vaught, Carl
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpts from the report: Commercial cold storage of strawberry plants in the United States is only about 28 years old. Before 1941, strawberry plants were dug in early spring by the grower, or by nurserymen for resale to growers. In 1938, nurserymen requested the assistance of the USDA, Division of Fruit and Vegetable Crops and Diseases, in initiating storage experiments for strawberry plants. These studies resulted in the development of a sizable strawberry-plant storage and shipping industry in the United States. In 1969, approximately 200 million plants with an estimated value of from $4 to $6 million are stored annually. The high value of stored strawberry plants, $15 to $45 per cubic foot, compared with $4 to $7 for apples, warranted an investigation of improved storage methods aimed at maintaining desired commodity temperature and at maintaining plant quality for extended periods. (Most cold-stored plants are shipped to retailers and growers by parcel post or railway express without refrigeration.) The effect of shipping conditions on subsequent quality of plants was also investigated.