Protohermes sinensis Ya
Creators: name: Liu, Xingyue
name: Hayashi, Fumio
name: Yang, Ding
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Megaloptera
Corydalidae
Protohermes
Protohermes sinensis

description: Protohermes sinensis Ya n g & Ya n g
(Figs. 19, 115–122)
Protohermes sinensis Yang & Yang, 1992. Iconogrphy of forest insects in Hunan China, p. 640. Type locality: Hunan (Cili), Zhejiang (Lishui).
Diagnosis. Head with one transverse dark marking anterior to ocellar triangle and three blackish markings on each lateral side of vertex; pronotum with one dark vitta on each lateral side; forewing costal region entirely hyaline; male ninth sternum with wide shallow V-shaped posterior incision.
Body length 20–25mm (male) and 29–40 mm (female); forewing length 35–37 mm (male) and 45–47 mm (female), hindwing length 31–33 mm (male) and 39–43 mm (female).
Head (Fig. 115) pale yellow to brown without post-ocular spine; a transverse dark marking occurs anterior to ocellar triangle; vertex with three blackish markings on each side, anterior marking large and subquadrate, posterolateral marking cuneiform, posteromedial marking punctuate. Compound eyes brown; ocelli yellow, darkly margined medially. Antennae black, with scapes and pedicel pale yellow or brown. Mouthparts yellowish brown; mandible with distal half black.
Thorax pale yellow to brown. Pronotum (Fig. 115) with one dark vitta on each side. Meso- and metanota each with one pair of blackish markings laterally. Thoracic pilosity yellow, much longer on meso- and metathorax. Legs dark with dense yellowish short setae; coxae, trochanters and basal tibiae yellow, sometimes tibiae entirely brown; tarsal claws reddish brown. Forewings (Fig. 19) pale smoky brown, with 1 yellowish marking at base, 3–4 suboval yellowish markings at middle and 1 round yellowish marking on apical 1/3; veins brown, except veins in yellowish markings yellow. Hindwings much paler than forewings, with 1 round yellowish marking at middle and apical 1/3; veins brown, except veins in yellowish markings and basal longitudinal veins yellow. Rs 9 to 11-branched, last branch bifurcate or trifurcate; 9–12 crossveins between R1 and Rs; M1+2 5 to 7-branched, M3+4 2 to 3-branched; 1A 3-branched.
Abdomen brown with yellowish short setae. Male ninth tergum (Fig. 116) subquadrate, with trapezoidal anterior margin and shallowly incised posterior margin. Ninth sternum (Fig. 117) subquadrate with straight lateral margin, apical margin with shallow V-shaped incision, forming two small acutely angled apical processes; central portion inflated. Ninth gonostylus (Fig. 118) unguiform and slightly curved dorsomedially. Tenth tergum (Fig. 119) short and subcylindrical, ventrally with one feebly developed tufted tubercle at posteromedial corner; posterolateral corner not produced; tip slightly incised and densely setose. Tenth sternum (Fig. 120) arched, anterior slightly elevated at middle; posterior incision extremely small and V-shaped; lateral lobes digitiform and slightly incurved. Female eighth sternum (Figs. 121–122) strongly sclerotized and subtrapezoidal in lateral view, posterior margin elevated with shallow median incision, forming pair of obtuse processes; ninth segment (Fig. 121) laterally inflated as a pair of small suboval sac-like lobes; ninth gonocoxite valvate and membranous with a digitiform process on tip; tenth tergum short, with posterior margin medially incised, leaving one somewhat long digitiform upper and one short round lower lobe.
Material examined. Holotype ɗ, CHINA: Zhejiang, Lishui, 2.V.1978 (CAU). Allotype Ψ, CHINA: same data as holotype (CAU). Paratypes 7 ɗ 14 Ψ, CHINA: same data as holotype (CAU); Ψ, CHINA: Hunan, Cili, 20.V.1981 (CAU). 2 Ψ, CHINA: Zhejiang, Moganshan, 22–23.V.1936 (IZCAS); ɗ, CHINA: Henan, Luoshan, Lingshan, 300 m, 21–25.V.2000, Xiaocheng Shen & Yingdang Ren (CAU); Ψ, CHINA: Henan, Huanglianshu, 600 m, 5.VI.2000 (CAU).
Distribution. China (Henan, Hunan, Zhejiang).
Remarks. This species resembles P. xanthodes in having similar wing coloration, but it can be easily separated from P. xanthodes by the subcylindrical male tenth tergum and the presence of the sac-like lobes in the female genitalia. The male ninth sternum of P. s i n e n s i s is distinguished from the other species of the P. c o s t a - lis group in having extremely shallow and wide V-shaped posterior incision.
description: Published as part of Liu, Xingyue, Hayashi, Fumio & Yang, Ding, 2007, Systematics of the Protohermes costalis species-group (Megaloptera: Corydalidae), pp. 1-46 in Zootaxa 1439 on pages 36-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175948