cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Voluntary Counseling and Testing Utilization among Preparatory Students in Hawassa Town, SNNPR, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Fujaga, Sisaye
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2010

description: Background:- HIV voluntary counseling and testing is an entry point to both prevention and treatment. Adolescents have to know their HIV sero status to enable them to seek appropriate treatment as well as to enable them to choose prevention strategies and adopt safe sexual behavior. For effective service delivery in an area and the country recent and local information is very important. Objective:-Assessment of VCT utilization among preparatory students in Hawassa town. Method:- The study was A cross-sectional quantitative study a total of 570 preparatory students were selected using a two-stage sampling proportional to size method. Result:- Five hundred thirty (95.8%) of the study participants had good knowledge and attitude toward HIV/AIDS and VCT. Two hundred twenty three (40.3%) had VCT in the past 70(12.6%) females and 153(27.7%) males. With regard to service provision the majority preferred health professionals, integrated VCT center followed by self standing, face to face and weekends followed by after working hour as service provider, scheme, way to get HIV test result and convenient time. The finding showed that, not having history of previous sexual practice and self standing VCT service scheme preference had significant positive-associations while sidama in ethnic and married had significant negative- associations with VCT utilization. Concussions:- The finding reflects knowledge-practice gap and IEC/BCC should be provided in a way that inspire preparatory students, make them perceive the benefits and drive them to practice. It is also advisable to provide voluntary HIV counseling and testing services in self standing-VCT–center and youth-center and in extra regular working hours (weekends and after working hour).
MASSIVE: A Bayesian analysis of giant planet populations around low-mass stars
Creators: name: Lannier, J.
name: Delorme, P.
name: Lagrange, A. M.
name: Borgniet, S.
name: Rameau, J.
name: Schlieder, J. E.
name: Gagné, J.
name: Bonavita, M. A.
name: Malo, L.
name: Chauvin, G.
name: Bonnefoy, M.
name: Girard, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct imaging has led to the discovery of several giant planet and brown dwarf companions. These imaged companions populate a mass, separation and age domain (mass>1MJup, orbits>5AU, age<1Gyr) quite distinct from the one occupied by exoplanets discovered by the radial velocity or transit methods. This distinction could pinpoint that different formation mechanisms are at play. We aim at investigating correlations between the host star's mass and the presence of wide-orbit giant planets, and at providing new observational constraints on planetary formation models. We observed 58 young and nearby M-type dwarfs in L'-band with the VLT/NaCo instrument and used ADI algorithms to optimize the sensitivity to planetary-mass companions and to derive the best detection limits. We estimate the probability of detecting a planet as a function of its mass and physical separation around each target. We conduct a Bayesian analysis to determine the frequency of substellar companions orbiting low-mass stars, using a homogenous sub-sample of 54 stars. We derive a frequency of $4.4^{+3.2}_{-1.3}\%$ for companions with masses in the range of 2-80MJup}, and $2.3^{+2.9}_{-0.7}$\% for planetary mass companions (2-14MJup), at physical separations of 8 to 400AU for both cases. Comparing our results with a previous survey targeting more massive stars, we find evidence that substellar companions more massive than 1MJup with a low mass ratio Q with respect to their host star (Q<1%), are less frequent around low-mass stars. This may represent an observational evidence that the frequency of imaged wide-orbit substellar companions is correlated with stellar mass, corroborating theoretical expectations. On the opposite, we show statistical evidence that intermediate-mass ratio (1%2MJup might be independent from the mass of the host star.
description: Accepted for publication on A&A, 23 pages, 10 figures, 13 tables
Energetics of antechinus swainsonii
Creators: name: Gotts, Dig R.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
An investigation of Hertzian contact in soft materials using photoelastic tomography
Creators: name: Mitchell, Benjamin
name: Yokoyama, Yuto
name: Nassiri, Ali
name: Tagawa, Yoshiyuki
name: Korkolis, Yannis
name: Kinsey, Brad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hertzian contact of a rigid sphere and a highly deformable soft solid is investigated using integrated photoelasticity. The experiments are performed by pressing a styrene sphere of 15 mm diameter against a 44 x 44 x 47 mm$^3$ cuboid made of 5% wt. gelatin, inside a circular polariscope, and with a range of forces. The emerging light rays are processed by considering that the retardation of each ray carries the cumulative effect of traversing the contact-induced axisymmetric stress field. Then, assuming Hertzian theory is valid, the retardation is analytically calculated for each ray and compared to the experimental one. Furthermore, a finite element model of the process introduces the effect of finite displacements and strains. Beyond the qualitative comparison of the retardation fields, the experimental, theoretical, and numerical results are quantitatively compared in terms of the maximum equivalent stress, surface displacement, and contact radius dimensions. A favorable agreement is found at lower force levels, where the assumptions of Hertz theory hold, whereas deviations are observed at higher force levels. A major discovery of this work is that at the maximum equivalent stress location, all three components of principal stress can be determined experimentally, and show satisfactory agreement with theoretical and numerical ones in our measurement range. This provides valuable insight into Hertzian contact problems since the maximum equivalent stress controls the initiation of plastic deformation or failure. The measured displacement and contact radii also reasonably agree with the theoretical and numerical ones. Finally, the limitations that arise due to the linearization of this problem are explored.
Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (EFELTP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
Creators: name: Mamo, Dereje
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2015

description: Background: In Southern Nation Nationalities and Peoples' Region outbreaks of measles occur every year. On December 23/2013 the regional PHEM received a report of suspected outbreak of measles from Gedeb woreda and we conducted to verify the outbreak, identify risk factors and implement control measures to contain the outbreak. Methods: Unmatched cases-control study was conducted enrolling 41 cases and 82 controls (1:2 ratios).The study was conducted in Gedeb Woreda, Gedeo Zone, SNNPR from December 13/2013 to January 15/2014. Data was collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using EpiInfo 7.1.4.0 and MS Excel 2013. Result: We identified a total of 108 cases of measles (5 laboratory confirmed and 48 epi-linked) with median age of 7years, ranging from 6 months to 16 years. The most affected age group was under five years of age (47.2%) followed by 5-9 years of age group (36.1%).The age specific attack rate was also highest in age group of under five year (185/100,000) followed by those 5-9 years of age group (132/100,000) with case fatality of 0% for all. From all measles patients 95 (88%) have no history of vaccination and only the rest 13 (12%) of the cases have history of at least one dose of measles vaccine exposure. The proportion of male 63(58%) was higher than female cases of measles [1:1.4]. Conclusion: The incidence rate of measles in Gedeb woreda was highest among children under 5 years of age (185/100,000) and it is essentially less than measles incidences recorded in different regions of the country. Sub optimal measles vaccination coverage for consecutive years resulted in increased number of susceptible population and triggered the outbreak finally. Key words: Outbreak investigation, Measles, SNNPR
Path integral description and direct interaction approximation for elastic plate turbulence
Creators: name: Pavez, Ignacio
name: Düring, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we apply the Martin-Siggia-Rose path integral formalism to the equations of a thin elastic plate. Using a diagrammatic technique, we obtain the direct interaction approximation (DIA) equations to describe the evolutions of the correlation function and the response function of the fields. Consistent with previous results, we show that DIA equations for elastic plates can be derived from a non-markovian stochastic process and that in the weakly nonlinear limit, the DIA equations lead to the kinetic equation of wave turbulence theory. We expect that this approach will allow a better understanding of the statistical properties of wave turbulence and that DIA equations can open new avenues for understanding the breakdown of weakly nonlinear turbulence for elastic plates.
description: 20 pages
Adaptive survival movement strategy to local epidemic outbreaks in cyclic models
Creators: name: Menezes, J.
name: Moura, B.
name: Rangel, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the generalised rock-paper-scissors game with five species whose organisms face local epidemic outbreaks. As an evolutionary behavioural survival strategy, organisms of one out of the species move in the direction with more enemies of their enemies to benefit from protection against selection. We consider that each organism scans the environment, performing social distancing instead of agglomerating when perceiving that the density of sick organisms is higher than a tolerable threshold. Running stochastic simulations, we study the interference of the adaptive movement survival strategy in spatial pattern formation, calculating the characteristic length scale of the typical spatial domains inhabited by organisms of each species. We compute how social distancing trigger impacts the chances of an individual being killed in the cyclic game and contaminated by the disease. The outcomes show that the species predominates in the cyclic game because of the organisms' local adaptation. The territory occupied by the species grows with the proportion of individuals learning to trigger the social distancing tactic. We also show that organisms that perceive large distances more properly execute the adaptive strategy, promptly triggering the social distancing tactic and choosing the correct direction to move. Our findings may contribute to understanding the role of adaptive behaviour when environmental changes threaten biodiversity.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
Metallic behavior induced by potassium doping of the trigonal antiferromagnetic insulator EuMn2As2
Creators: name: Anand, V. K.
name: Johnston, D. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report magnetic susceptibility χ, isothermal magnetization M, heat capacity C_p and electrical resistivity ρmeasurements on undoped EuMn2As2 and K-doped Eu0.96K0.04Mn2As2 and Eu0.93K0.07Mn2As2 single crystals with the trigonal CaAl2Si2-type structure as a function of temperature T and magnetic field H. EuMn2As2 has an insulating ground state with an activation energy of 52 meV and exhibits antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering of the Eu+2 spins S=7/2 at T_N1 = 15 K from C_p(T) and χ(T) data with a likely spin-reorientation transition at T_N2 = 5.0 K. The Mn+2 3d5 spins-5/2 exhibit AFM ordering at T_N = 142 K from all three types of measurements. The M(H) isotherm and χ(T) data indicate that the Eu AFM structure is both noncollinear and noncoplanar. The AFM structure of the Mn spins is also unclear. A 4% substitution of K for Eu in Eu0.96K0.04Mn2As2 is sufficient to induce a metallic ground state. Evidence is found for a difference in the AFM structure of the Eu moments in the metallic crystals from that of undoped EuMn2As2 versus both T and H. For metallic Eu0.96K0.04Mn2As2 and Eu0.93K0.07Mn2As2, an anomalous S-shape T dependence of ρrelated to the Mn magnetism is found. Upon cooling from 200 K, ρexhibits a strong negative curvature, reaches maximum positive slope at the Mn T_N ~ 150 K, and then continues to decrease but more slowly below T_N. This suggests that dynamic short-range AFM order of the Mn spins above the Mn T_N strongly suppresses the resistivity, contrary to the conventional decrease of ρthat is only observed upon cooling below T_N of an antiferromagnet.
description: 21 pages, 22 figures, 4 Tables
The importance of food security in preventing cardiometabolic disease
Creators: name: Moody, Samuel
Publisher: name: Oregon Health and Science University
Year: 0
Subjects: Food Insecurity

description: Food insecurity is present in more than 11% of U.S. households and is significantly correlated with increased risk of chronic cardiometabolic disease states and overall mortality. This correlation is explained via a few different biological pathways and underscores the importance of providing consistent, early access to an adequate amount of nutritionally complex foods. Disparities in access to healthy, consistent food resources is a key determinant of health and intimately linked to adverse health outcomes, chronic disease and inequality within the healthcare system. The creation of a sustainable food system and infrastructure is possible through legislation, federal and state programs, and community organization, and can lead to a healthier population.
Neutrino Mass Ordering -- Circumventing the Challenges using Synergy between T2HK and JUNO
Creators: name: Choubey, Sandhya
name: Ghosh, Monojit
name: Raikwal, Deepak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the major open problems of neutrino physics is MO (mass ordering). We discuss the prospects of measuring MO with two under-construction experiments T2HK and JUNO. JUNO alone is expected to measure MO with greater than $3σ$ significance as long as certain experimental challenges are met. In particular, JUNO needs better than 3$\%$ energy resolution for MO measurement. On the other hand, T2HK has rather poor prospects at measuring the MO, especially for certain ranges of the CP violating parameter $δ_{\rm CP}$, posing a major drawback for T2HK. In this letter we show that the synergy between JUNO and T2HK will bring two-fold advantage. Firstly, the synergy between the two experiments helps us determine the MO at a very high significance. With the baseline set-up of the two experiments, we have a greater than $9σ$ determination of the MO for all values of $δ_{\rm CP}$. Secondly, the synergy also allows us to relax the constraints on the two experiments. We show that JUNO, could perform extremely well even for energy resolution of 5$\%$, while for T2HK the MO problem with "bad" values of $δ_{\rm CP}$ goes away. The MO sensitivity for the combined analysis is expected to be greater than $6σ$ for all values of $δ_{\rm CP}$ and with just 5$\%$ energy resolution for JUNO.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, Version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Building Realistic Experimentation Environments for AI-enhanced Management and Orchestration (MANO) of 5G and beyond V2X systems
Creators: name: Slamnik-Kriještorac, Nina
name: Camelo, Miguel
name: Cominardi, Luca
name: Latré, Steven
name: Marquez-Barja, Johann M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: mangement and orchestration
NFV
AI
ML
zenoh
testbeds
experimentation

description: The plethora of heterogeneous and diversified services in 5G and beyond requires from networks to be flexible, adaptable, and programmable, i.e., to be able to correspondingly adapt to changes. As human intervention might significantly increase delays in MANagement and Orchestration (MANO) operations, automation and intelligence become imperative for orchestrating services and resources, especially the ones with stringent requirements for latency and capacity, such as Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) services. As virtualization and Artificial Intelligence (AI) promise to mitigate those challenges towards enabling true automation in MANO operations, in this paper we present our effort towards building and fully utilizing the reallife testbeds, such as Smart Highway and Virtual Wall, located in Belgium, to conduct realistic experimentation and validation of distributed orchestration intelligence in a dynamic network such as V2X system.
description: This work has been performed in the framework of the European Union's Horizon 2020 project DAEMON co-funded by the EU under grant agreement No. 101017109, the Horizon 2020 Fed4FIRE+ project, Grant Agreement No. 723638, and the Horizon 2020 5G-Blueprint project under Agreement No. 952189.
Exploring 'Do No Harm' Principles in Open Research Communities
Creators: name: Sharan, Malvika
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This submission includes a presentation from keynote talk at the 2nd Funders Workshop. This talk explores the ‘Do No Harm’ principles in interventions for Research Communities. It’s an attempt to surface the shared responsibility of all of us who engage critically in research infrastructure so that we understand what participation, collective action and progress mean for the global community.
Adaptive Aggregation-based Domain Decomposition Multigrid for Twisted Mass Fermions
Creators: name: Alexandrou, Constantia
name: Bacchio, Simone
name: Finkenrath, Jacob
name: Frommer, Andreas
name: Kahl, Karsten
name: Rottmann, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Adaptive Aggregation-based Domain Decomposition Multigrid method (arXiv:1303.1377) is extended for two degenerate flavors of twisted mass fermions. By fine-tuning the parameters we achieve a speed-up of the order of hundred times compared to the conjugate gradient algorithm for the physical value of the pion mass. A thorough analysis of the aggregation parameters is presented, which provides a novel insight into multigrid methods for lattice QCD independently of the fermion discretization.
description: 29 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables
Assessment of Diabetes Self-Care Practice and Its Associated Factors among Patient on Follow Up at Public and Private Primary Level Health Care in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Creators: name: tassew, Berhan
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2015

description: Background: Diabetes mellitus is as one of the rapidly increasing non communicable diseases requiring continuous medical care and mainly life time patient self-care practice to prevent acute and chronic complications. Various factors influence one's ability to perform diabetes self-care and these factors are not typically stable for all patients. Despite the importance of identifying these factors for health care providers to individualize clinical approaches, as to the current knowledge of the investigator there is no comprehensive assessment and documentation in Ethiopia particularly at primary health care level where these are closer to the people and first line contact point to the patients. Objective: To assess the magnitude of self-care practice and associated factors among diabetic patients who are on follow up at primary level health care (health centers and private clinics) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Methods: Facility based, cross-sectional study design was conducted from February to March 2015.A total of 595diabetic patients were selected by systematic random sampling method from both public health centers and private clinics in Addis Ababa. Data was collected based on interview administered method using pre tested structured questioner. Descriptive analysis was done and level of diabetic self- care practice was determined based on the mean value among the self -care practice questions asked. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was done to identify factors that were associated with diabetic self -care practice. The odds ratio with 95% CI was used to determine the association. A statistical significance was declared at p value <0.05. Result: Among 595 respondents about 311(52.3%) had good diabetic self-care practice. The mean (SD) age of the respondents was 53.5(14) and 343(57.6%) were male. The presence of co-morbidities (AOR=1.68, 95%CI; 1.07-2.65), having glucometer at home (AOR=2.01, 95%CI; 1.19-3.38), diabetic association membership (AOR = 3.02, 95%CI; 1.30-7.04), follow up in private clinics (AOR=3.05, 95%CI; 1.55-5.97), treatment satisfaction (AOR =1.69, 95%CI; 1.08-2.59) were significantly associated with good self-care practice. Conclusion: The study demonstrated almost half of the patients 52.3% had good diabetic self-care practice but still substantial number 47.7% of respondent had poor self-care. Good self-care was associated with having glucometer at home, diabetic association membership, attending follow-up in private clinics, treatment satisfaction. Advocating and empowering patients regarding the importance of diabetic self-care practice is highly recommended.
Non-local probes for a relaxing non-Abelian plasma
Creators: name: Bellantuono, Loredana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermalization of a strongly coupled plasma is examined in the holographic framework through non-local observables: the equal-time two-point correlation function of a large dimension boundary operator, and Wilson loops of different shapes. The evolution of the probes from an initial far-from-equilibrium state to a hydrodynamic regime is found to depend on their size. A hierarchy among the thermalization times of the energy density, the pressures and the large size probes, is identified: the relaxation process is faster at short distances.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure. Presented at IFAE 2016, Genova, Italy, March 30 - April 1, 2016. One reference updated
Quantitative studies on the changes of cell size in the lateral geniculate nucleus of kittens following visual deprivation or stimulation
Creators: name: Wan, Yoke Kum.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Magnetogenesis in Higgs-Starobinsky inflation
Creators: name: Durrer, R.
name: Sobol, O.
name: Vilchinskii, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of mixed Higgs-Starobinsky inflation, we consider the generation of Abelian gauge fields due to their nonminimal coupling to gravity (in two different formulations of gravity -- metric and Palatini). We couple the gauge-field invariants $F_{μν}F^{μν}$ and $F_{μν}\tilde{F}^{μν}$ to an integer power of the scalar curvature $R^n$ in Jordan frame and, treating these interactions perturbatively, switch to the Einstein frame where they lead to effective kinetic and axial couplings between gauge fields and inflaton. We determine the power spectra, energy densities, correlation length, and helicality of the generated gauge fields for different values of the nonminimal coupling constants and parameter $n$. We analytically estimate the spectral index $n_{B}$ of the magnetic power spectrum and show that for $n>1$ it is possible to get the scale-invariant or even red-tilted spectrum for a wide range of modes that implies larger correlation length of the generated fields. On the other hand, the magnitude of these fields typically decreases in time becoming very small in the end of inflation. Thus, it is difficult to obtain both large magnitude and correlation length of the gauge field in the frame of this model.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
The number and size of subhalo-induced gaps in stellar streams
Creators: name: Erkal, Denis
name: Belokurov, Vasily
name: Bovy, Jo
name: Sanders, Jason L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ample observational capabilities exist today to detect the small density perturbations that low-mass dark matter subhaloes impart on stellar streams from disrupting Galactic satellites. In anticipation of these observations, we investigate the expected number and size of gaps by combining an analytic prescription for gap evolution on circular orbits with the flux of subhaloes near the stream. We explore the distribution of gap sizes and depths for a typical cold stream around the Milky Way and find that for a given stream age and gap depth, each subhalo mass produces a characteristic gap size. For a stream with an age of a few Gyr, orbiting at a distance of 10-20 kpc from the Galactic center, even modest subhaloes with a mass of $10^6-10^7 M_\odot$ produce gaps with sizes that are on the order of several degrees. We consider the number and distribution of gap sizes created by subhaloes with masses $10^5-10^9 M_\odot$, accounting for the expected depletion of subhaloes by the Milky Way disk, and present predictions for six cold streams around the Milky Way. For Pal 5, we forecast 0.7 gaps with a density depletion of at least 25\% and a typical gap size of $8^\circ$. Thus, there appears to be {\it no tension} between the recent non-detection of density depletions in the Pal 5 tidal tails and $Λ$CDM expectations. These predictions can be used to guide the scale of future gap searches.
description: 18 pages, 19 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Minor revisions in response to the referee
Criteria for the (in)stability of planar interfaces in singularly perturbed 2-component reaction-diffusion equations
Creators: name: Carter, Paul
name: Doelman, Arjen
name: Lilly, Kaitlynn
name: Obermayer, Erin
name: Rao, Shreyas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a class of singularly perturbed 2-component reaction-diffusion equations which admit bistable traveling front solutions, manifesting as sharp, slow-fast-slow, interfaces between stable homogeneous rest states. In many example systems, such as models of desertification fronts in dryland ecosystems, such fronts can exhibit an instability by which the interface destabilizes into fingering patterns. Motivated by the appearance of such patterns, we propose two versions of a 2D stability criterion for (transversal) long wavelength perturbations along the interface of these traveling slow-fast-slow fronts. The fronts are constructed using geometric singular perturbation techniques by connecting slow orbits on two distinct normally hyperbolic slow manifolds through a heteroclinic orbit in the fast problem. The associated stability criteria are expressed in terms of the nonlinearities of the system and the slow-fast-slow structure of the fronts. We illustrate and further elaborate the general set-up by explicitly working out the existence and transversal (in)stability of traveling fronts in a number of example systems/models. We analytically establish the instability of invading bare soil/vegetation interfaces against transversal long wavelength perturbations in several dryland ecosystem models and numerically recover fingering vegetation patterns counter-invading an invading desertification front.
Shear induced tuning and memory effects in colloidal gels of rods and spheres
Creators: name: Das, Mohan
name: Petekidis, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shear history plays an important role in determining the linear and nonlinear rheological response of colloidal gels and can be used for tuning their structure and flow properties. Increasing colloidal particle aspect ratio lowers the critical volume fraction for gelation due to an increase of the particle excluded volume. Using a combination of rheology and confocal microscopy we investigate the effect of steady and oscillatory pre-shear history on the structure and rheology of colloidal gels formed by silica spheres and rods of length L and diameter D (L/D = 10) dispersed in 11 M CsCl solution. We use a non-dimensional Mason number, Mn (= F_visc./F_attr.) to compare the effect of steady and oscillatory pre-shear on gel viscoelasticity. We show that after pre-shearing at intermediate Mn, attractive sphere gel exhibits strengthening whereas attractive rod gel exhibits weakening. Rheo-imaging of gels of attractive rods shows that at intermediate Mn, oscillatory pre-shear induces large compact rod clusters in the gel microstructure, compared to steady pre-shear. Our study highlights the impact of particle shape on gel structuring under flow and viscoelasticity after shear cessation.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures
Phosphorus concentrations in Victorian streams for four catchments with differing land use
Creators: name: Campbell, Ian C.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Two-solar-mass hybrid stars: a two model description with the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio quark model
Creators: name: Pereira, Renan Câmara
name: Costa, Pedro
name: Providência, Constança
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hybrid stars with a quark phase described by the Nambu$-$Jona-Lasinio model are studied. The hadron-quark model used to determine the stellar matter equation of state favors the appearance of quark matter: the coincidence of the deconfinement and chiral transitions and a low vacuum constituent quark mass. These two properties are essential to build equations of state that predict pure quark matter in the center of neutron stars. The effect of vector-isoscalar and vector-isovector terms is discussed, and it is shown that the vector-isoscalar terms are necessary to describe 2$M_\odot$ hybrid stars, and the vector-isovector terms result in larger quark cores and a smaller deconfinement density.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, 7 tables; PRD version
Relationship between malaria and malnutrition among under-five children in Adami Tulu district, south-central Ethiopia: a case- control study
Creators: name: Shikur, Bilal
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2014

description: Background Malaria and malnutrition are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in under-five children in developing countries including Ethiopia. Malnutrition is an underplaying cause in about half of all deaths occurring among children in developing countries. However, the relationship between malnutrition and malaria is still controversial. This relationship has not been well documented in Ethiopia. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether malnutrition is associated with malaria among under-five children in Adami Tulu district, South-central Ethiopia. Methods A case-control study was conducted in Adami Tulu District, south-central Ethiopia. Cases were all under-five children diagnosed with confirmed malaria, in selected health facilities, during the data collection period. Controls were apparently healthy under-five children recruited from the community where cases reside. Mothers/caretakers of under-five children were interviewed using pre-tested structured questionnaire prepared for this purpose. Nutritional status of children was assessed by anthropometric method and analyzed using WHO Anthro. Data were entered using EPi Info version 3.5.4 and exported to SPSS version 21 for cleaning and analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analysis methods were used. Results: Four hundred twenty eight under-five children comprising of 107 cases and 321 controls were included in this study. The mean age was 28 (SD±14) months for cases and 33 (SD±16) months for controls. Prevalence of stunting was 50.5% in cases and 45.2% in controls. Prevalence of underweight was 24.3 % in cases and 18% in controls. Prevalence of wasting was 17.8 % in cases and 9.3% in controls. Severe wasting (adjusted OR=2.951, 95% CI: 1.145, 7.605), mid-upper arm circumference between -2 and -3 SD (adjusted OR =3.019, 95% CI: 1.457, 6.253) and caretakers who had no education (adjusted OR=2.999, 95% CI: 1.266, 7.102) were independently associated with malarial attack in under-five children. Conclusion: Those under-five children, who were severely wasted, had MUAC between -2 and - 3 SD and with uneducated caretakers had higher odds of malarial attack. Therefore, Malaria control programmes should consider integrating nutritional interventions.
The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS): Downsizing of the blue cloud and the influence of galaxy size on mass quenching over the last eight billion years
Creators: name: Haines, C. P.
name: Iovino, A.
name: Krywult, J.
name: Guzzo, L.
name: Davidzon, I.
name: Bolzonella, M.
name: Garilli, B.
name: Scodeggio, M.
name: Granett, B. R.
name: de la Torre, S.
name: De Lucia, G.
name: Abbas, U.
name: Adami, C.
name: Arnouts, S.
name: Bottini, D.
name: Cappi, A.
name: Cucciati, O.
name: Franzetti, P.
name: Fritz, A.
name: Gargiulo, A.
name: Brun, V. Le
name: Fevre, O. Le
name: Maccagni, D.
name: Malek, K.
name: Marulli, F.
name: Moutard, T.
name: Polletta, M.
name: Pollo, A.
name: Tasca, L. A. M.
name: Tojeiro, R.
name: Vergani, D.
name: Zanichelli, A.
name: Zamorani, G.
name: Bel, J.
name: Branchini, E.
name: Coupon, J.
name: Ilbert, O.
name: Moscardini, L.
name: Peacock, J. A.
name: Siudek, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the full VIPERS redshift survey in combination with SDSS-DR7 to explore the relationships between star-formation history (using d4000), stellar mass and galaxy structure, and how these relationships have evolved since z~1. We trace the extents and evolutions of both the blue cloud and red sequence, by fitting double Gaussians to the d4000 distribution of galaxies in narrow stellar mass bins, for four redshift intervals over 010^11 M_sun, d4000<1.55) drops sharply by a factor five between z~0.8 and z~0.5. These galaxies are becoming quiescent at a rate that largely matches the increase in the numbers of massive passive galaxies seen over this period. We examine the size-mass relation of blue cloud galaxies, finding that its high-mass boundary runs along lines of constant M*/r_e or equivalently inferred velocity dispersion. Larger galaxies can continue to form stars to higher stellar masses than smaller galaxies. As blue cloud galaxies approach this high-mass limit, they start to be quenched, their d4000 values increasing to push them towards the green valley. In parallel, their structures change, showing higher Sersic indices and central stellar mass densities. For these galaxies, bulge growth is necessary for them to reach the high-mass limit of the blue cloud and be quenched by internal mechanisms. The blue cloud galaxies that are being quenched at z~0.8 lie along the same size-mass relation as present day quiescent galaxies, and seem the likely progenitors of today's S0s.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures. Submitted to A&A. References updated. Comments welcome
High-Throughput Screening of Transition Metal Single-Atom Catalysts for Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
Creators: name: Bo, Tingting
name: Cao, Shiqian
name: Mu, Nan
name: Xu, Ruixin
name: Liu, Yanyu
name: Zhou, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of metals as catalytic centers for nitrogen reduction reactions has stimulated great enthusiasm for single-atom catalysts. However, the poor activity and low selectivity of available SACs are far away from the industrial requirement. Through the high throughout first principles calculations, the doping engineering can effectively regulate the NRR performance of b-Sb monolayer. Especially, the origin of activated N2 is revealed from the perspective of the electronic structure of the active center. Among the 24 transition metal dopants, Re@Sb and Tc@Sb showed the best NRR catalytic performance with a low limiting potential. The Re@Sb and Tc@Sb also could significantly inhibit HER and achieve a high theoretical Faradaic efficiency of 100%. Our findings not only accelerate discovery of catalysts for ammonia synthesis but also contribute to further elucidate the structure-performance correlations.
Credibilistic TOPSIS Model for Evaluation and Selection of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Methods
Creators: name: Roy, Jagannath
name: Adhikary, Krishnendu
name: Kar, Samarjit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is a challenging issue of urban development in developing countries. Each country having different socio-economic-environmental background, might not accept a particular disposal method as the optimal choice. Selection of suitable disposal method in MSWM, under vague and imprecise information can be considered as multi criteria decision making problem (MCDM). In the present paper, TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) methodology is extended based on credibility theory for evaluating the performances of MSW disposal methods under some criteria fixed by experts. The proposed model helps decision makers to choose a preferable alternative for their municipal area. A sensitivity analysis by our proposed model confirms this fact.
Thermodynamic consistency of quantum master equations
Creators: name: Soret, Ariane
name: Cavina, Vasco
name: Esposito, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from a microscopic system-baths description, we derive the general conditions for a time-local quantum master equation (QME) to satisfy the first and second law of thermodynamics at the fluctuating level. Using counting statistics, we show that the fluctuating second law can be rephrased as a Generalized Quantum Detailed Balance condition (GQDB), i.e., a symmetry of the time-local generators which ensures the validity of the fluctuation theorem. When requiring in addition a strict system-bath energy conservation, the GQDB reduces to the usual notion of detailed balance which ensures QMEs with Gibbsian steady states. However, if energy conservation is only required on average, QMEs with non Gibbsian steady states can still maintain a certain level of thermodynamic consistency. Applying our theory to commonly used QMEs, we show that the Redfield equation breaks the GQDB, and that some recently derived approximation schemes based on the Redfield equation (which hold beyond the secular approximation and allow to derive a QME of Lindblad form) satisfy the GQDB and the average first law. We find that performing the secular approximation is the only way to ensure the first and second law at the fluctuating level.
Uniform Asymptotic Expansion for the Incomplete Beta Function
Creators: name: Nemes, Gergő
name: Daalhuis, Adri B. Olde
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In [Temme N.M., Special functions. An introduction to the classical functions of mathematical physics, A Wiley-Interscience Publication, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1996, Section 11.3.3.1] a uniform asymptotic expansion for the incomplete beta function was derived. It was not obvious from those results that the expansion is actually an asymptotic expansion. We derive a remainder estimate that clearly shows that the result indeed has an asymptotic property, and we also give a recurrence relation for the coefficients.
Black holes in Einsteinian cubic gravity
Creators: name: Hennigar, Robie A.
name: Mann, Robert B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using numerical and perturbative methods, we construct the first examples of black hole solutions in Einsteinian cubic gravity and study their thermodynamics. Focusing first on four dimensional solutions, we show that these black holes have a novel equation of state in which the pressure is a quadratic function of the temperature. Despite this, they undergo a first order phase transition with associated van der Waals behaviour. We then construct perturbative solutions for general $D \ge 5$ and study the properties of these solutions for $D=5$ and $D=6$ in particular. We note that for $D >4$ the solutions are described by two independent metric functions. We find novel examples of super-entropic behaviour over a large portion of the parameter space. We analyse the specific heat, determining that the black holes are thermodynamically stable over large regions of parameter space.
description: 31 pages, 10 figures; corrections made to section 3
Quantum speed limits on operator flows and correlation functions
Creators: name: Carabba, Nicoletta
name: Hörnedal, Niklas
name: del Campo, Adolfo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum speed limits (QSLs) identify fundamental time scales of physical processes by providing lower bounds on the rate of change of a quantum state or the expectation value of an observable. We introduce a generalization of QSL for unitary operator flows, which are ubiquitous in physics and relevant for applications in both the quantum and classical domains. We derive two types of QSLs and assess the existence of a crossover between them, that we illustrate with a qubit and a random matrix Hamiltonian, as canonical examples. We further apply our results to the time evolution of autocorrelation functions, obtaining computable constraints on the linear dynamical response of quantum systems out of equilibrium and the quantum Fisher information governing the precision in quantum parameter estimation.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Assessmenet of VCT Utilization among Attendees of Familly Planning, ANC, and Delivery Care Services, Butajira, SNNPR, Ethiopia
Creators: name: misganawe, Aweke
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2006

description: To date all efforts that are aimed at developing a drug that completely clears HIV infection and a vaccine that prevents it have ended up in no conclusive outcomes. The disease is overwhelmingly spreading and it is resulting in huge tolls of morbidity and mortality of human kind all over the world. The only option to avert the spread of the infection is changing behavior through proper behavior change communication. In this study, Knowledge, Attitude and practices related to HIV test and counseling and its link with FP, ANC, and Delivery care services were assessed on those mothers coming to health facilities for the later services. A cross - sectional study was carried out from Jan10-Feb 15, 2006 among attendees of FP, ANC, and Delivery care Services at Butajira Hospital and Butajira Health center. A total of 405 women participants involved using quota sampling technique. Quantitative and qualitative methodologies used. Questions addressed socio-demographic characteristics, VCT related knowledge, attitude and practices, and the linkage between VCT and FP, ANC, and Delivery care services. Data collected using an interviewer administered Amharic version structured questioner, nonparticipant observation checklist for the process of service delivery, and indepth interview with service providers. Trained interview teams administered the questioner. Finally the data were analyzed for the target group as appropriate. Overall, 52.8% of the study subjects have sufficient knowledge score and 81.2% have favorable attitude and 44% have good VCT practice. There was a significant difference between ANC and FP attendees, respectively, level of knowledge 53% & 50%, favorable attitude 86%& 77%, and good VCT practice 86% and 29% (p<0.05). Generally, VCT service linkage with FP, ANC and Delivery care services was weak. Specifically the linkage vii with FP was very weak. FP services were not available in VCT settings. Similarly, on both sides almost no referral. Respondents from ANC and delivery were better informed and referred for PMTCT. The study revealed that participants have high level of knowledge and also favorable attitude but low VCT practice. To increase utilization of services need to strengthen the PMTCT programs, VCT providers should refer their clients to MCH (FP&ANC) and vice versa to minimize missed opportunities and service delivery guideline to integrate especially FP with VCT is required.
Intervalley scattering of graphene massless Dirac fermions at 3-periodic grain boundaries
Creators: name: Rodrigues, J. N. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how low-energy charge carriers scatter off periodic and linear graphene grain boundaries oriented along the zigzag direction with a periodicity three times greater than that of pristine graphene. These defects map the two Dirac points into the same position, and thus allow for intervalley scattering to occur. Starting from graphene's first-neighbor tight-binding model we show how can we compute the boundary condition seen by graphene's massless Dirac fermions at such grain boundaries. We illustrate this procedure for the 3-periodic pentagon-only grain boundary, and then work out the low-energy electronic scattering off this linear defect. We also compute the effective generalized potential seen by the Dirac fermions at the grain boundary region.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures