cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Growing Up Bilingual: Understanding specific benefits across the mainstream and complementary education sectors
Creators: name: Husain, Layal
Publisher: name: University of East London
Year: 2023

description: There is a paucity of longitudinal research on the development of younger bilinguals, particularly those with a heritage language (HL). Complementary schools (CS) that promote HL learning have become increasingly prominent and are also underrecognized. This project applied a mixed-methods approach to examine the cognitive, social and educational outcomes of children with or without CS longitudinally. The quantitative component of this research assessed cognitive and social developmental outcomes of 153 bilingual children (aged 4-9 years) across four mainstream primary schools and five CSs across East London. Following initial data collection (timepoint1) in 2019, eleven interviews were conducted with school staff and parents from each setting, focusing on language attitudes and practices, to help explain some of the initial findings. Ninety children (aged 6-12 years) from the initial sample were then revisited in 2021 (timepoint2) following the Covid-19 lockdowns, for reassessment of outcomes. Cognitive measures included executive functioning, attentional control and English object naming. Social measures included strength of ethnic and national identities, and cognitive, athletic and social competences. Teacher ratings of school adjustment were taken at timepoint2 as an educational outcome. Perceived HL and English language proficiency and exposure and family affluence (FA) were measured at both timepoints. Findings indicated the supportive role of CSs in children’s perceived HL proficiency, particularly literacy, and developing ethnic identity. Apart from age, the impact of FA and proficiency of both languages on cognitive and social outcomes were also implicated. The sample showed a decline in perceived HL proficiency and competences post-pandemic, but the decline was smaller among CS-attendees. Interviews further highlighted the challenges of HL learning, the role of CSs in parental engagement, and the efforts by primary schools to support bilinguals’ English with a desire for greater inclusivity. The potential implications of these findings on education and policy are considered.
The collisional relaxation of electrons in hot flaring plasma and inferring the properties of solar flare accelerated electrons from X-ray observations
Creators: name: Jeffrey, Natasha
name: Kontar, Eduard
name: Emslie, Gordon
name: Bian, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray observations are a direct diagnostic of fast electrons produced in solar flares, energized during the energy release process and directed towards the Sun. Since the properties of accelerated electrons can be substantially changed during their transport and interaction with the background plasma, a model must ultimately be applied to X-ray observations in order to understand the mechanism responsible for their acceleration. A cold thick target model is ubiquitously used for this task, since it provides a simple analytic relationship between the accelerated electron spectrum and the emitting electron spectrum in the X-ray source, with the latter quantity readily obtained from X-ray observations. However, such a model is inappropriate for the majority of solar flares in which the electrons propagate in a hot megaKelvin plasma, because it does not take into account the physics of thermalization of fast electrons. The use of a more realistic model, properly accounting for the properties of the background plasma, and the collisional diffusion and thermalization of electrons, can alleviate or even remove many of the traditional problems associated with the cold thick target model and the deduction of the accelerated electron spectrum from X-ray spectroscopy, such as the number problem and the need to impose an ad hoc low energy cut-off.
description: 6 pages, 14th Annual International Astrophysics Conference Tampa proceedings
Topological characterization of antireflective and hydrophobic rough surfaces: are random process theory and fractal modeling applicable?
Creators: name: Borri, Claudia
name: Paggi, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The random process theory (RPT) has been widely applied to predict the joint probability distribution functions (PDFs) of asperity heights and curvatures of rough surfaces. A check of the predictions of RPT against the actual statistics of numerically generated random fractal surfaces and of real rough surfaces has been only partially undertaken. The present experimental and numerical study provides a deep critical comparison on this matter, providing some insight into the capabilities and limitations in applying RPT and fractal modeling to antireflective and hydrophobic rough surfaces, two important types of textured surfaces. A multi-resolution experimental campaign by using a confocal profilometer with different lenses is carried out and a comprehensive software for the statistical description of rough surfaces is developed. It is found that the topology of the analyzed textured surfaces cannot be fully described according to RPT and fractal modeling. The following complexities emerge: (i) the presence of cut-offs or bi-fractality in the power-law power-spectral density (PSD) functions; (ii) a more pronounced shift of the PSD by changing resolution as compared to what expected from fractal modeling; (iii) inaccuracy of the RPT in describing the joint PDFs of asperity heights and curvatures of textured surfaces; (iv) lack of resolution-invariance of joint PDFs of textured surfaces in case of special surface treatments, not accounted by fractal modeling.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures
Metal Exposure during Pregnancy and Pre-Eclampsia: Links to Thyroid Hormone Signaling
Creators: name: Nguyen, Yvonne
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Pre-eclampsia is the most common pregnancy complication that can be fatal for the mother and fetus. There is no cure nor known cause of disease, but symptoms are treatable. Pre-eclampsia causes 13 out of 100 maternal deaths due to pregnancy complications worldwide. Pre-eclampsia is defined by high blood pressure and high protein urine content 20 weeks into pregnancy. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationships between toxic metals and key signaling pathways that are associated with placental health. This study utilized 40 samples provided through a collaboration with UNC hospital. The samples were tested for metals levels and both gene and protein expression. We found that there is a positive, significant association between cadmium and zinc in pre-eclampsia cases. Additionally, in thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRA) protein expression was significantly higher in cases than in controls. The placental zinc levels were also significantly lower in pre-eclampsia cases. These results agree with several other findings that have suggested the influence of thyroid hormone regulation on placenta placement and pre-eclampsia development. This suggests that relationships between metals and thyroid signaling may impact the development of pre-eclampsia. Based on these results, further studies can be done to understand the role of toxic metals in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia in terms of thyroid hormone dysfunction and placental formation errors.
title: Textilforschung 2022 : Bericht 69
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Forschungskuratorium Textil e.V.
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 677 Textilien

description: Mehr denn je stehen die Textilunternehmen in Deutschland und ihre Wettbewerbsfähigkeit unter Druck. Sie können sich international nur noch mit innovativen Produkten gegenüber der Konkurrenz behaupten. Doch in jeder Krise steckt auch eine Chance. Für die Textilforschung allemal: Unternehmen krempeln ihre Geschäftsmodelle um, suchen angesichts der explosionsartig gestiegenen Energie- und Rohstoffkosten nach neuen, kreislauffähigen textilen Lösungen. Wann, wenn nicht jetzt, braucht der forschende Mittelstand also starke Partner wie die Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen (AiF). Doch auch hier gab und gibt es umwälzende Veränderungen. Dabei sind die industrielle Gemeinschaftsforschung (IGF) und das Zentrale Innovationsprogramm Mittelstand (ZIM) für die textile Forschung von herausragender Bedeutung. Beide Programme stellen knapp die Hälfte der öffentlichen Forschungsgelder in der Textilforschung. Beide themenoffenen Förderprogramme sind ideale Werkzeuge für unsere mittelstandgeprägte Industrie. So stehen wir als Forschungskuratorium Textil (FKT) in ständigem Austausch mit den Mittelgebern und bringen uns aktiv in die Veränderungsprozesse ein, um die Interessen der Unternehmen und der Branche bestmöglich zu vertreten. Das ist in diesen politisch bewegten Zeiten keine einfache Aufgabe, zumal die Förderung des industriellen Mittelstands an vielen Stellen auf dem Prüfstand steht. Allen Schwierigkeiten zum Trotz behauptet sich die Textilforschung als ein Problemlöser auf ganz vielen Zukunftsfeldern, der unsere Welt von morgen nachhaltig gestalten wird. Dabei bieten textile Anwendungen noch viele ungeahnte Lösungen, wenn es um den Schutz unserer Ressourcen und des Klimas geht. Einer der zentralen Schlüssel steckt in der Kreislaufwirtschaft, die von Expertinnen und Experten zu Recht auch in der Textil- und Modeindustrie als Game-Changer gehandelt wird. Damit ist die Textilforschung an vielen Stellen unverzichtbar für eine industrielle Transformation, die wir nur mit den besten Köpfen und den besten Ideen stemmen werden. Die Textilforschung ist dafür gut aufgestellt: So zeigt auch dieser Forschungsbericht, wie groß unsere textilen Zukunftspotenziale sind. Woran heute noch im Labor getüftelt und geprüft wird, kann schon morgen der nächste Schlüssel für nachhaltige Geschäftsmodelle sein.
Body-UAV Near-Ground LoRa Links through a Mediterranean Forest
Creators: name: Bianco, Giulio Maria
name: Marrocco, Gaetano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: LoRa low-power wide-area network protocol has recently gained attention for deploying ad-hoc search and rescue (SaR) systems. They could be empowered by exploiting body-UAV links that enable communications between a body-worn radio and a UAV-mounted one. However, to employ UAVs effectively, knowledge of the signal's propagation in the environment is required. Otherwise, communications and localization could be hindered. The radio range, the packet delivery ratio (PDR), and the large- and small-scale fading of body-UAV LoRa links at 868 MHz when the radio wearer is in a Mediterranean forest are here characterized for the first time with a near-ground UAV having a maximum flying height of 30 m. A log-distance model accounting for the body shadowing and the wearer's movements is derived. Over the full LoRa radio range of about 600 m, the new model predicts the path loss (PL) better than the state-of-the-art ones, with a reduction of the median error even by 10 dB. The observed small-scale fading is severe and follows a Nakagami-m distribution. Extensions of the model for similar scenarios can be drawn through appropriate corrective factors.
Probing anomalous couplings using di-Higgs production in electron-proton collisions
Creators: name: Kumar, Mukesh
name: Ruan, Xifeng
name: Islam, Rashidul
name: Cornell, Alan S.
name: Klein, Max
name: Klein, Uta
name: Mellado, Bruce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A proposed high energy Future Circular Hadron-Electron Collider would provide sufficient energy in a clean environment to probe di-Higgs production. Using this channel we show that the azimuthal angle correlation between the missing transverse energy and the forward jet is a very good probe for the non-standard $hhh$ and $hhWW$ couplings. We give the exclusion limits on these couplings as a function of integrated luminosity at a $95$\% C.L. using the fiducial cross sections. With appropriate error fitting methodology we find that the Higgs boson self coupling could be measured to be $g^{(1)}_{hhh} = 1.00^{+0.24(0.14)}_{-0.17(0.12)}$ of its expected Standard Model value at $\sqrt s = 3.5(5.0)$ TeV for an ultimate 10 ab$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity.
Global Generosity in Times of Crisis
Creators: name: Wiepking, Pamala
name: Handy, Femida
name: Osili, Una
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sociology of Culture
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: How and why do people across countries and cultural groups display generosity behaviors when faced with an unprecedented health crisis such as COVID-19?
Classical T Tauri stars with VPHAS$+$: I: H$α$ and $u$-band accretion rates in the Lagoon Nebula M8
Creators: name: Kalari, V. M.
name: Vink, J. S.
name: Drew, J. E.
name: Barentsen, G.
name: Drake, J. J.
name: Eislöffel, J.
name: Martín, E. L.
name: Parker, Q. A.
name: Unruh, Y. C.
name: Walton, N. A.
name: Wright, N. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the accretion rates of 235 Classical T Tauri star (CTTS) candidates in the Lagoon Nebula using $ugri$H$α$ photometry from the VPHAS+ survey. Our sample consists of stars displaying H$α$-excess, the intensity of which is used to derive accretion rates. For a subset of 87 stars, the intensity of the $u$-band excess is also used to estimate accretion rates. We find the mean variation in accretion rates measured using H$α$ and $u$-band intensities to be $\sim$ 0.17 dex, agreeing with previous estimates (0.04-0.4 dex) but for a much larger sample. The spatial distribution of CTTS align with the location of protostars and molecular gas suggesting that they retain an imprint of the natal gas fragmentation process. Strong accretors are concentrated spatially, while weak accretors are more distributed. Our results do not support the sequential star forming processes suggested in the literature.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 23 pages and figs. Tables 2 and 4 in full can be obtained by contacting the author, and will be given in the online version of the journal
Supplementary Information from What is a mammalian omnivore? Insights into terrestrial mammalian diet diversity, body mass and evolution
Creators: name: Reuter, Dana M.
name: Hopkins, Samantha S. B.
name: Price, Samantha A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Mammalian omnivores are a broad group of species that are often treated uniformly in ecological studies. Here, we incorporate omnivorous dietary differences to investigate previously found mammalian macroevolutionary and macroecological trends. We investigate the frequency with which vertebrate prey, invertebrate prey, fibrous plant material and non-fibrous plant material, co-occur in the diets of terrestrial mammals. We quantify the body size distributions and phylogenetic signal of different omnivorous diets and use multistate reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo to assess the transition rates between diets on the mammalian phylogenetic tree. We find omnivores that consume all four food types are relatively rare, as most omnivores consume only invertebrate prey and non-fibrous plants. In addition, omnivores that only consume invertebrate prey, many of which are from Rodentia, are on average smaller than omnivores that incorporate vertebrate prey. Our transition models have high rates from invertivorous omnivory to herbivory, and from vertivory to prey mixing and ultimately invertivory. We suggest prey type is an important aspect of omnivore macroevolution and macroecology, as it is correlated with body mass, evolutionary history and diet-related evolutionary transition rates. Future work should avoid lumping omnivores into one category given the ecological variety of omnivore diets and their strong evolutionary influence.
A classification theorem for boundary 2-transitive automorphism groups of trees
Creators: name: Radu, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E08, 20E32, 20E42, 20B22, 22D05, 20F65

description: Let $T$ be a locally finite tree all of whose vertices have valency at least $6$. We classify, up to isomorphism, the closed subgroups of $\mathrm{Aut}(T)$ acting $2$-transitively on the set of ends of $T$ and whose local action at each vertex contains the alternating group. The outcome of the classification for a fixed tree $T$ is a countable family of groups, all containing two remarkable subgroups: a simple subgroup of index $\leq 8$ and (the semiregular analog of) the universal locally alternating group of Burger-Mozes (with possibly infinite index). We also provide an explicit example showing that the statement of this classification fails for trees of smaller degree.
description: 46 pages, 8 figures
Correlates and Effects of Delayed Diagnosis on Outcomes for Osteosarcoma Patients
Creators: name: Ingawa, Sadiyya
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Using a retrospective approach of analyzing existing literature, national SEER data, and individual osteosarcoma cases at UNC Health Care, this paper aims to address the following research questions: 1. What relationship, if any, exists between demographic characteristics and delayed intervals in diagnosis? 2. How do delays in initial diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma impact patient morbidity and mortality?
The $ρ(ω)B^*(B)$ interaction and states of $J=0,1,2$
Creators: name: Soler, P. Fernandez
name: Sun, Zhi-Feng
name: Nieves, J.
name: Oset, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study systems composed of a $ρ/ω$ and $B^*$ meson pair. We find three bound states in isospin, spin-parity channels $(1/2, 0^+)$, $(1/2, 1^+)$ and $(1/2, 2^+)$. The state with $J=2$ can be a good candidate for the $B_2^*(5747)$. We also study the $ρB$ system, and a bound state with mass $5728$ MeV and width around $20$ MeV is obtained, which can be identified with the $B_1(5721)$ resonance. In the case of $I=3/2$, one obtains repulsion and thus, no exotic (molecular) mesons in this sector are generated in the approach.
A Unified Framework for Learned Sparse Retrieval
Creators: name: Nguyen, Thong
name: MacAvaney, Sean
name: Yates, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learned sparse retrieval (LSR) is a family of first-stage retrieval methods that are trained to generate sparse lexical representations of queries and documents for use with an inverted index. Many LSR methods have been recently introduced, with Splade models achieving state-of-the-art performance on MSMarco. Despite similarities in their model architectures, many LSR methods show substantial differences in effectiveness and efficiency. Differences in the experimental setups and configurations used make it difficult to compare the methods and derive insights. In this work, we analyze existing LSR methods and identify key components to establish an LSR framework that unifies all LSR methods under the same perspective. We then reproduce all prominent methods using a common codebase and re-train them in the same environment, which allows us to quantify how components of the framework affect effectiveness and efficiency. We find that (1) including document term weighting is most important for a method's effectiveness, (2) including query weighting has a small positive impact, and (3) document expansion and query expansion have a cancellation effect. As a result, we show how removing query expansion from a state-of-the-art model can reduce latency significantly while maintaining effectiveness on MSMarco and TripClick benchmarks. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/thongnt99/learned-sparse-retrieval
Demonstrated Transfection Using DNA and a Polymer with Low Cytotoxicity for Gene Therapies
Creators: name: Collins, Graham Calvin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The usefulness of gene therapies is largely dependent on the transfection efficiency of the therapy. Since gene therapy can treat some types of cancer, infectious diseases like AIDS, and several neurodegenerative diseases, there is a great need for effective carriers. Many carriers have been developed which can, to varying extents, deliver genes to several cell types. However, gene size limits, sustained expression, particle size, and net complex charge make delivery of therapies challenging. Transfection efficiency, or the ability to deliver chosen nucleic acids to cells and produce modified cells, must be maximized while minimizing immune response and damage to the host for a therapy to be clinically relevant.
Quantum Field Theory as a Faithful Image of Nature
Creators: name: Öttinger, Hans Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: "All men by nature desire to know," states Aristotle in the famous first sentence of his Metaphysics. Knowledge about fundamental particles and interactions, that is, knowledge about the deepest aspects of matter, is certainly high if not top on the priority list, not only for physicists and philosophers. The goal of the present book is to contribute to this knowledge by going beyond the usual presentations of quantum field theory in physics textbooks, both in mathematical approach and by critical reflections inspired by epistemology, that is, by the branch of philosophy also referred to as the theory of knowledge. Hopefully, the present book motivates physicists to appreciate philosophical ideas. Epistemology and the philosophy of the evolution of science often seem to lag behind science and to describe the developments a posteriori. As philosophy here has a profound influence on the actual shaping of an image of fundamental particles and their interactions, our development should stimulate the curiosity and imagination of physicists. This book can be used as a textbook on quantum field theory for students of physics or as a monograph for philosophers and physicists interested in the epistemological foundations of particle physics. The benefits of an approach resting on philosophical foundations is twofold: the reader is stimulated to critical thinking and the entire story flows very naturally, thus removing all the mysteries from quantum field theory.
description: 198 pages, 18 figures, manuscript to be expanded into a book with the title "A Philosophical Approach to Quantum Field Theory" (Cambridge University Press, 2017); new chapter on quantum electrodynamics
Lifshitz transition in titanium carbide driven by a graphene overlayer
Creators: name: Krivenkov, M.
name: Marchenko, D.
name: Golias, E.
name: Sajedi, M.
name: Frolov, A.S.
name: Sánchez-Barriga, J.
name: Fedorov, A.
name: Yashina, L.V.
name: Rader, O.
name: Varykhalov, A.
Publisher: name: College Park, MD : APS
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Electronic structure
subject: Monolayers
subject: Substrates
subject: Titanium carbide
subject: 530

description: Two-dimensional (2D) Dirac materials are electronically and structurally very sensitive to proximity effects. We demonstrate, however, the opposite effect: that the deposition of a monolayer 2D material could exercise a substantial influence on the substrate electronic structure. Here we investigate TiC(111) and show that a graphene overlayer produces a proximity effect, changing the Fermi surface topology of the TiC from six electron pockets to one hole pocket on the depth of several atomic layers inside the substrate. In addition, the graphene electronic structure undergoes an extreme modification as well. While the Dirac cone remains gapless, it experiences an energy shift of 1.0 eV beyond what was recently achieved for the Lifshitz transition of overdoped graphene. Due to this shift, the antibonding π∗ band at the M¯ point becomes occupied and observable by photoemission.
Inter-session Experiences in Psychotherapy: a Scoping Review
Creators: name: Gablonski, Thorsten-Christian
name: Herrmann, Pauline
name: Lüdemann, Jonas
name: Andreas, Sylke
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy
subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Mental and Social Health
subject: between session experiences
subject: internalized representations of therapy
subject: inter-session experiences
subject: inter-session processes
subject: mental representations
subject: outcome
subject: process variables

description: The Scoping- Review is About inter-session experiences in psychotherapy. Intersession experiences” or intersession processes or between-session experiences are representations of therapy or the therapist and describe the processing and internalization of therapy and its contents between therapy sessions (Orlinsky & Geller, 1993). Since the conceptualization there have been only a small number of research projects on intersession experiences. The aim of our scoping review is to map the literature on this topic, to identify main results and research gaps.
Artificial Intelligence for Sustainability: Facilitating Sustainable Smart Product-Service Systems with Computer Vision
Creators: name: Walk, Jannis
name: Kühl, Niklas
name: Saidani, Michael
name: Schatte, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The usage and impact of deep learning for cleaner production and sustainability purposes remain little explored. This work shows how deep learning can be harnessed to increase sustainability in production and product usage. Specifically, we utilize deep learning-based computer vision to determine the wear states of products. The resulting insights serve as a basis for novel product-service systems with improved integration and result orientation. Moreover, these insights are expected to facilitate product usage improvements and R&D innovations. We demonstrate our approach on two products: machining tools and rotating X-ray anodes. From a technical standpoint, we show that it is possible to recognize the wear state of these products using deep-learning-based computer vision. In particular, we detect wear through microscopic images of the two products. We utilize a U-Net for semantic segmentation to detect wear based on pixel granularity. The resulting mean dice coefficients of 0.631 and 0.603 demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. Consequently, experts can now make better decisions, for example, to improve the machining process parameters. To assess the impact of the proposed approach on environmental sustainability, we perform life cycle assessments that show gains for both products. The results indicate that the emissions of CO2 equivalents are reduced by 12% for machining tools and by 44% for rotating anodes. This work can serve as a guideline and inspire researchers and practitioners to utilize computer vision in similar scenarios to develop sustainable smart product-service systems and enable cleaner production.
Symmetry-protected topological phase in a one-dimensional correlated bosonic model with a synthetic spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Zhao, Jize
name: Hu, Shijie
name: Zhang, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By performing large-scale density-matrix renormalization group simulations, we investigate a one-dimensional correlated bosonic lattice model with a synthetic spin-orbit coupling realized in recent experiments. In the insulating regime, this model exhibits a symmetry-protected topological phase. This symmetry-protected topological phase is stabilized by time-reversal symmetry and it is identified as a Haldane phase. We confirm our conclusions further by analyzing the entanglement spectrum. In addition, we find four conventional phases: a Mott insulating phase with no long range order, a ferromagnetic superfluid phase, a ferromagnetic insulating phase and a density-wave phase.
description: Submitted on April 12, 2015, accepted by PRL
EUTOPIA Citizen Science Starter Kit - Tool 25: How to make your citizen science project sustainable
Creators: name: Veeckman, Carina
name: Van den Bogaert, Lawrence
name: Keersmaekers, Floor
name: Livémont, Eline
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: citizen science
project sustainability

description: This template is part of Module 4 “Getting started with citizen science” (Phase 5 – Sustain) from the EUTOPIA Citizen Science Starter Kit. It helps you to reflect about possible actions you can undertake to ensure the outcome, community and financial sustainability of your citizen science (research) project.
On The Concept of a True Judge And Judging A Good Artwork
Creators: name: Zhao, Siyu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: David Hume introduced the concept of a true judge in his paper Of the Standard of Taste.
Hume suggested that a true judge would judge an artwork to be good if he or she
experiences the pleasure produced by certain qualities in an artwork. His theory discussed
the criteria of an ideal true judge but failed to recognize that a true judge is also an
ordinary person. In order to fix the irrealism of Hume’s theory, I first classified pleasure
into what I will call aesthetic pleasure and hasty pleasure. I revised Hume’s theory by
limiting the meaning of pleasure to aesthetic pleasure, which is the pleasure produced by
certain qualities in an artwork. To further help a true judge distinguish the effect of
aesthetic pleasure from the effect of hasty pleasure, I proposed a candidate for Hume’s
principles.
The Experience of Pregnancy for Women with Bipolar Disorder: An Exploratory Study
Creators: name: Richardson, Erin C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Objective: Bipolar disorder often emerges in an individual’s late teens and early twenties. As a
result, women with the disorder are impacted for the majority of their childbearing years.
Pregnancy brings a unique set of challenges to this population, including risk of relapse,
teratogenicity of medications, and increased risk of postpartum psychosis. This study utilized
semi-structured telephone interviews to gather qualitative data on the experience of pregnancy
for women with bipolar disorder with the long-term goal of developing patient education
materials and improving nursing interventions to help manage illness during pregnancy and the
postpartum period. Method: A sample of three English-speaking women, aged 29-39, with a
confirmed diagnosis of bipolar I or II and who have given birth within the last eighteen months,
were recruited. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and coded using a grounded theory
approach, in consultation with the Thesis Advisor. Results: Women with bipolar disorder
described a unique pregnancy experience, influenced by the intersection of mental illness,
pregnancy and pharmacotherapy. Recurrent themes included hopefulness, patient and provider as
advocates, education, community support and the mixed impact of medication. Conclusion: This
research will contribute to initiatives designed to improve healthcare for pregnant women with
bipolar disorder and augment patient education materials. Existing empirical research findings
become even more valuable tools for improving patient care when paired with the voices of
patients themselves. As pregnant women are a historically under-studied population, this study
also contributes to the larger body of scientific research on this population.
Magnetic White Dwarfs: Observations, Theory, and Future Prospects
Creators: name: García-Berro, Enrique
name: Kilic, Mukremin
name: Kepler, S. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Isolated magnetic white dwarfs have field strengths ranging from kilogauss to gigagauss, and constitute an interesting class of objects. The origin of the magnetic field is still the subject of a hot debate. Whether these fields are fossil, hence the remnants of original weak magnetic fields amplified during the course of the evolution of the progenitor of white dwarfs, or on the contrary, are the result of binary interactions or, finally, other physical mechanisms that could produce such large magnetic fields during the evolution of the white dwarf itself, remains to be elucidated. In this work we review the current status and paradigms of magnetic fields in white dwarfs, from both the theoretical and observational points of view.
description: 19 pages, 1 figure
Evolutionary, symmetric p-Laplacian. Interior regularity of time derivatives and its consequences
Creators: name: Burczak, Jan
name: Kaplický, Petr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K55, 35K59, 35K92, 35Q35, 35B65

description: We consider the evolutionary symmetric $p$-Laplacian with safety $1$. By symmetric we mean that the full gradient of $p$-Laplacian is replaced by its symmetric part, which causes breakdown of the Uhlenbeck structure. We derive the interior regularity of time derivatives of its local weak solution. To circumvent the space-time growth mismatch, we devise a new local regularity technique of iterations in Nikolskii-Bochner spaces. It is interesting by itself, as it may be modified to provide new regularity results for the full-gradient $p$-Laplacian case with lower-order dependencies. Finally, having the regularity result for time derivatives, we obtain respective regularity of the main part. The Appendix on Nikolskii-Bochner spaces, that includes theorems on their embeddings and interpolations, may be of independent interest.
EUTOPIA Citizen Science Starter Kit - Tool 19: Long-term engagement
Creators: name: Veeckman, Carina
name: Van den Bogaert, Lawrence
name: Keersmaekers, Floor
name: Livémont, Eline
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: citizen science
engagement

description: This template is part of Module 4 “Getting started with citizen science” (Phase 3 – Launch) of the EUTOPIA Citizen Science Starter Kit. It will help you to reflect on how to foster continued engagement by your participants.
Pressure Points: Economic and Political Influence on EPA Enforcement Decisions
Creators: name: Judy, Logan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Environmental legislation in the United States is intended to serve the
public interest by shielding the environment from the byproducts of
industrialization and development. The Environmental Protection Agency exercises
some discretion in its enforcement decisions. This paper answers the question: Do
factors such as a depressed economy in a certain area systematically influence EPA
enforcement actions? To answer this question, EPA violations from 2010-2015 are
analyzed via an ordered probit model in order to determine whether the economic
health and the political profile in a particular congressional district serve as
predictors for EPA enforcement severity, with the results indicating a positive
relationship between economic prosperity and EPA enforcement level, as well as a
negative relationship between LCV scores of members of Congress and EPA
enforcement level.
On the LSP3 estimates of surface gravity for LAMOST-Kepler stars with asteroseismic measurements
Creators: name: Ren, Juan-Juan
name: Liu, Xiao-Wei
name: Xiang, Mao-Sheng
name: Huang, Yang
name: Hekker, Saskia
name: Wang, Chun
name: Yuan, Hai-Bo
name: Rebassa-Mansergas, Alberto
name: Chen, Bing-Qiu
name: Sun, Ning-Chen
name: Zhang, Hua-Wei
name: Huo, Zhi-Ying
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Zhang, Yong
name: Hou, Yong-Hui
name: Wang, Yue-Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Asteroseismology allows for deriving precise values of surface gravity of stars. The accurate asteroseismic determinations now available for large number of stars in the Kepler fields can be used to check and calibrate surface gravities that are currently being obtained spectroscopically for a huge numbers of stars targeted by large-scale spectroscopic surveys, such as the on-going Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) Galactic survey. The LAMOST spectral surveys have obtained a large number of stellar spectra in the Kepler fields. Stellar atmospheric parameters of those stars have been determined with the LAMOST Stellar Parameter Pipeline at Peking University (LSP3), by template matching with the MILES empirical spectral library. In the current work, we compare surface gravities yielded by LSP3 with those of two asteroseismic samples - the largest sample from Huber et al. (2014) and the most accurate sample from Hekker et al. (2012, 2013). We find that LSP3 surface gravities are in good agreement with asteroseismic values of Hekker et al. (2012, 2013), with a dispersion of about 0.2 dex. Except for a few cases, asteroseismic surface gravities of Huber et al. (2014) and LSP3 spectroscopic values agree for a wide range of surface gravities. However, some patterns of differences can be identified upon close inspection. Potential ways to further improve the LSP3 spectroscopic estimation of stellar atmospheric parameters in the near future are briefly discussed. The effects of effective temperature and metallicity on asteroseismic determinations of surface gravities for giant stars are also discussed.
description: Accepted for Publication in RAA
EUTOPIA Citizen Science Starter Kit - Tool 18: How ROC can help you promote and publicize your project at VUB
Creators: name: Keersmaekers, Floor
name: Livémont, Eline
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: citizen science
communication
promotion
science outreach

description: This document is part of Module 4 “Getting started with citizen science” (Phase 3 – Launch) of the EUTOPIA Citizen Science Starter Kit. It provides an overview of the opportunities in science outreach and communication offered by the Department of Research Outreach & Communication (ROC) to promote and publicize projects of VUB researchers.
The Language of Acceptance: Creating Space for Migrants in Italian Literature, Media, and Schools
Creators: name: Canziani, Julie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Given its considerable border on the Mediterranean Sea, Italy has become one of the
most accessible destinations for contemporary migration flows. Its accessibility has brought
more migrants to Italy in recent decades than ever before, rapidly transforming the demographic
nature of the country (Bond 2). New migration patterns are bringing fewer migrants from
Western Europe, and many more migrants from Northern Africa and Eastern Europe. These
movements are quickly introducing diverse ethnic minorities into all sectors of Italian society,
where they have begun to attempt integration. In many areas, the integration of migrants has
been slow. In this thesis, I will explore the fields of Literature, Media, and Education in Italy and
demonstrate how they have been transformed by the arrival of new migrants and how Italians
have reacted to the changes in norms. I will demonstrate these trends with paid attention to the
role of language among host society members and its culpability in so far discouraging migrant
integration.
A characterization theorem for BLD-mappings between metric spaces
Creators: name: Luisto, Rami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30L10, 30C65, 57M12

description: We prove a characterization for BLD-mappings between locally complete locally compact path-metric spaces. As a corollary we obtain a sharp limit theorem for BLD-mappings.
Unraveling Chemoselectivity in Complex Natural Products Through Parallel Functional Group Studies
Creators: name: Waters, Scott
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: The goal of this project is to determine the relative rates of reaction of different chemical functional groups utilizing the catalyst tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF) along with a tertiary silane (R3SiH) reductant. The focus is on establishing a series of reactivity trends that will allow one to rank the reactivity of diverse functional groups. The insight obtained from these trends will be used to gain predictive powers over more complex structures such as multifunctional drug molecules, all of which compete for reactivity with the catalyst.
Constant sound speed and its thermodynamical interpretation in $f(Q)$ gravity
Creators: name: Koussour, M.
name: Arora, Simran
name: Gogoi, Dhruba Jyoti
name: Bennai, M.
name: Sahoo, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) geometry, solutions to the issues of cosmic acceleration and dark energy are being put forth within the context of $f\left( Q\right)$ gravity. We take into account a power law $f(Q)$ model using $f\left( Q\right) =αQ^{n}$, where $α$ and $n$ are free model parameters. In the current scenario, we may establish the energy density and pressure for our $f(Q)$ cosmic model by applying the constant sound speed parameterizations, i.e., $\vartheta_{s}^{2}=β$, where a barotropic cosmic fluid is described in terms of $β$. The field equations are then derived, and their precise solutions are established. We obtain the constraints on the model parameters using the updated Hubble (Hz) data sets consisting of 31 data points, the recently published Pantheon samples (SNe) with 1048 points, and Baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) data sets. We also examine the physical behaviour of the deceleration parameter, the equation of state (EoS) parameter, the statefinder diagnostic, and the Om diagnostic. We conclude that our $f\left( Q\right) $\ cosmic model predicts a transition in the universe from deceleration to acceleration. Further, to investigate the feasibility of the model, we discussed some of its thermodynamic aspects.
description: Nuclear Physics B published version
Analysis of American Nursing Literature in Context of Socio-historical events, Women’s Societal Advancement, and related Legislation from the 1960s to the 2010s.
Creators: name: McCulla, Sarah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: This paper explored nursing literature from the 1960s to the 2010 to discuss the socio-historical context of women within society, and how nursing fit into that socio-historical context. The purpose of this paper was to examine historical events, legislation, and related nursing literature from six decades to show that the nursing profession and women’s health advances with the progression of gender equality. Though the nursing profession and its involvement with women’s health has advanced with women’s equality, literature reports the same problems follow the timeline of the nursing profession. Recurring themes include educational standards, scope of practice incongruences, and issues of nurse autonomy. Current nursing literature reflects past issues and continues to try to resolve them in a modern socio-historical context.Keywords: women, nursing, policy, women’s health
Blast dynamics in a dissipative gas
Creators: name: Barbier, Matthieu
name: Villamaina, Dario
name: Trizac, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The blast caused by an intense explosion has been extensively studied in conservative fluids, where the Taylor-von Neumann-Sedov hydrodynamic solution is a prototypical example of self-similarity driven by conservation laws. In dissipative media however, energy conservation is violated, yet a distinctive self-similar solution appears. It hinges on the decoupling of random and coherent motion permitted by a broad class of dissipative mechanisms. This enforces a peculiar layered structure in the shock, for which we derive the full hydrodynamic solution, validated by a microscopic approach based on Molecular Dynamics simulations. We predict and evidence a succession of temporal regimes, as well as a long-time corrugation instability, also self-similar, which disrupts the blast boundary. These generic results may apply from astrophysical systems to granular gases, and invite further cross-fertilization between microscopic and hydrodynamic approaches of shockwaves.
description: 5 pages, to appear in Physical Review Letters
Towards Enhanced Usability of IT Security Mechanisms - How to Design Usable IT Security Mechanisms Using the Example of Email Encryption
Creators: name: Hof, Hans-Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Nowadays, advanced security mechanisms exist to protect data, systems, and networks. Most of these mechanisms are effective, and security experts can handle them to achieve a sufficient level of security for any given system. However, most of these systems have not been designed with focus on good usability for the average end user. Today, the average end user often struggles with understanding and using security mecha-nisms. Other security mechanisms are simply annoying for end users. As the overall security of any system is only as strong as the weakest link in this system, bad usability of IT security mechanisms may result in operating errors, resulting in inse-cure systems. Buying decisions of end users may be affected by the usability of security mechanisms. Hence, software provid-ers may decide to better have no security mechanism then one with a bad usability. Usability of IT security mechanisms is one of the most underestimated properties of applications and sys-tems. Even IT security itself is often only an afterthought. Hence, usability of security mechanisms is often the after-thought of an afterthought. This paper presents some guide-lines that should help software developers to improve end user usability of security-related mechanisms, and analyzes com-mon applications based on these guidelines. Based on these guidelines, the usability of email encryption is analyzed and an email encryption solution with increased usability is presented. The approach is based on an automated key and trust man-agement. The compliance of the proposed email encryption solution with the presented guidelines for usable security mechanisms is evaluated.