cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Not only follicular helper T cells, but also peripheral helper T cells expanded correlate with disease severity and B cell differentiation in Graves' disease
Creators: name: Huang, Zhaowei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 320403
subject: Autoimmunity
classificationCode: 320404
subject: Cellular immunology
classificationCode: 320405
subject: Humoural immunology and immunochemistry

description: Tph cells
Evolutionary history of the septin cytoskeletal proteins in opisthokonts
Creators: name: Auxier, Benjamin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Septins are cytoskeletal proteins important in morphogenesis, cell division and establishing and maintaining cell polarity. Over the course of more than a billion years as Animals and Fungi originated and diversified, their septin genes duplicated and diverged, giving rise to paralogs that encode modular proteins. The septin monomers assemble into heteropolymeric higher order structures that affect cell form by creating physical barriers to diffusion or serving as scaffolds organizing groups of diverse proteins. Here we take advantage of newly sequenced genomes to track the history of septin gene expansions and losses within the phylogeny of Animals and Fungi, including their close protist relatives. By sampling broadly across Opisthokonts, we identified the likely presence of early-diverging animal lineages within Groups 4 and 2A and discovered a novel group of fungal septins not found in Ascomycetes or Basidiomycetes. We hypothesized that previously identified sequence conservation is linked to interface interactions. Using protein homology folding, we mapped interacting residues across Opisthokonts and found that all previously identified motifs were involved in interface interactions, and contained almost all interacting residues. As septin subunit interactions are likely driven by residue identity, we categorized the interacting residues and found specific interface residues associated with each septin Group. We suggest that these residues may explain patterns of septin subunit binding affinity. Notably, we found that Group 3 septins show little conservation within the polybasic region that forms the first alpha helix, found in the NC interface of other septin Groups. This may explain the capping role of Group 3 septins in the yeast septin octamer. With increased sampling, this work identified increased diversity of Opisthokont septins. These proteins show patterns of sequence conservation that are largely driven by conserved interface interactions, in addition to binding of GTP. This work highlights the likely duplications that predate the Opisthokont ancestor, and the structural constraints that shaped the evolution of these multi-purpose septins. Additionally, I attempted to validate and optimize an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol for the chytrid fungus Blastocladiella. While I was unable to conclusively repeat previously published experiments, my work highlighted the difficulties in transformation of these distinct fungi.
Universal Metric Expansions for TSP: A Katětov–Urysohn and Dual-Constraint Lifting Approach
Creators: name: Ferrayé
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This brief work presents a partial-distance encoding of the Traveling Salesman Problem through a combination of Katětov–Urysohn expansions and Dual-Constraint Lifting (DCL). By assigning interval-based distances between “in” and “out” points for each city—plus a global pivot to capture total cost—our method embeds TSP constraints into a single difference-constraint framework. Repeated local expansions, reminiscent of Floyd–Warshall, replace any need for BFS or enumerations. Tests on small- to moderate-scale TSP instances (both random and Euclidean) highlight polynomial-style performance in practice, suggesting the partial-distance DCL technique may merit deeper investigation for NP-complete decision problems.
Current poisson's ratio values of finite element models are too low to consider soft tissues nearly-incompressible: illustration on the human heel region
Creators: name: Fougeron, Nolwenn
name: Trebbi, Alessio
name: Keenan, Bethany
name: Payan, Yohan
name: Chagnon, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finite element analysis of soft tissues is a well-developed method that allows estimation of mechanical quantities (e.g. stresses, strains). A constitutive law has to be used to characterise the individual tissues. This is complex as biological tissues are generally visco-hyperelastic, anisotropic, and heterogenous. A specific characteristic, their nearly incompressibility, was well reported in the literature, but very little effort has been made to compare volume variations computed by the simulations with in vivo measurements. In the present study, volume changes of the fat pad during controlled indentations of the human heel region were estimated from segmented medical images using digital volume correlation. Indentations were repeated with high and mild intensity normal and shear loads. The experiment was reproduced using finite element modelling with several values of Poisson's ratio for the fat pad, extracted from literature values (from 0.4500 to 0.4999). Estimated fat pad volume changes were compared to the measured ones to assess the best value of Poisson's ratio in each indentation case. The impact of the Poisson's ratio on the Jacobian of the deformation gradient and the volumetric strains was also computed. A single value of Poisson's ratio could not fit all the indentation cases. Estimated volume changes were between 0.9 % - 11.7 % with a Poisson's ratio from 0.4500 to 0.4999. The best fit was obtained with a 0.4900 Poisson's ratio except for the high normal load where a value of 0.4999 resulted in less error. In conclusion, special care should be taken when setting the Poisson's ratio as the resulting estimated deformations may become unrealistic when the value is far from incompressible materials.
Finite energy spectral function of an anisotropic 2D system of coupled Hubbard chains
Creators: name: Ribeiro, P.
name: Sacramento, P. D.
name: Penc, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the crossover from the one-dimensional to the two-dimensional Hubbard model in the photoemission spectra of weakly coupled chains. The chains with on-site repulsion are treated using the spin-charge factorized wave function, that is known to provide an essentially exact description of the chain in the strong coupling limit. The hoppings between the chains are considered as a perturbation. We calculate the dynamical spectral function at all energies in the random-phase approximation, by resuming an infinite set of diagrams. Even though the hoppings drive the system from a fractionalized Luttinger-liquid-like system to a Fermi-liquid-like system at low energies, significant characteristics of the one-dimensional system remain in the two-dimensional system. Furthermore, we find that introducing (frustrating) hoppings beyond the nearest neighbor one, the interference effects increase the energy and momentum range of the one--dimensional character.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures
Evaluation of antileishmanial activity of harzialactone a isolated from the marine-derived fungus Paecilomyces sp
Creators: name: Braun, Glaucia H.
name: Ramos, Henrique P.
name: Candido, Ana C. B. B.
name: Pedroso, Rita C. N.
name: Siqueira, Kátia A.
name: Soares, Marcos A.
name: Dias, Gustavo M.
name: Magalhães, Lizandra G.
name: Ambrósio, Sérgio R.
name: H. Januário, Ana
name: Pietro, Rosemeire C. L. R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Fractionation of extracts from the culture broth of the marine-derived fungus, Paecilomyces sp. 7A22, resulted in the isolation of the harzialactone A (HA), a known compound previously isolated from fungi of marine environments. The chemical structure of HA was determined by spectroscopic analyses. Upon evaluation of HA on antileishmanial assays against Leishmania amazonensis, HA exhibited significant activity against promastigotes forms with IC50 of 5.25 µg mL−1 and moderate activity against intracellular amastigotes with IC50 of 18.18 µg mL−1. This is the first report on the antileishmanial activity of HA, and the effects of HA presented in this work suggest that this class of compounds are suitable for future biological in vitro and in vivo studies for the search of natural products with activity against Leishmania spp. Furthermore, the present results corroborate marine-derived fungi as a promising source of natural products with antiparasitic activity.
Inverse problem in transformation optics
Creators: name: Novitsky, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The straightforward method of transformation optics implies that one starts from the coordinate transformation, determines the Jacobian matrix, the fields and material parameters of the cloak. However, the coordinate transformation appears as an optional function: it is not necessary to know it. We offer the solution of some sort of the inverse problem: starting from the fields in the invisibility cloak we directly derive the permittivity and permeability tensors of the cloaking shell. The approach can be useful for finding material parameters for the specified electromagnetic fields in the cloaking shell without knowing coordinate transformation.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, J. Opt, vol. 13, 2011
Iridoid glucosides and triterpene acids from Phlomis linearifolia, growing in Uzbekistan and its hepatoprotective activity
Creators: name: Usmanov, Durbek
name: Yusupova, Ugiloy
name: Syrov, Vladimir
name: Ramazonov, Nurmurod
name: Rasulev, Bakhtiyor
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: A number of iridoids and triterpene acids, such as pulchelloside, sesamoside, shanshiside methyl ester, barlerin, gypsogenin acid and acetate of gypsogenic acid were isolated from the aerial part of Phlomis linearifolia and their structures were confirmed by NMR, mass and IR spectroscopy. In addition, the hepatoprotective potential of iridoid fraction from P. linearifolia aerial parts was tested against CCl4 induced fibrosis in rats. The iridoid fraction not only prevented the manifestation of the hepatotoxic effect of CCl4, but rather quickly eliminated the effects of developing intoxication. The hepatoprotective activity of the SI was confirmed to be effective and exceeds knows drug carsil. Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2019.1677650.
Armutsdarstellungen im frühen Film (1907-1913) und ihr Anteil an der Etablierung des Kinos in Deutschland
Creators: name: Braun, Caroline Marlene
Publisher: name: Trier University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Deutschland
subject: Kino
subject: Film
subject: Armut
subject: Darstellung
subject: Germany
subject: cinema
subject: poverty

description: Die Dissertation untersucht den Anteil der Armutsthematik an der Etablierung des Kinos in Deutschland. Der Untersuchungsschwerpunkt konzentriert sich auf die Jahre 1907 bis 1913, einer entscheidenden Zeitspanne für die Institutionalisierung des Kinos als Medium sui generis. Ziel der Untersuchung ist es, anhand von Filmanalysen wiederkehrende Muster medialer Praktiken der kinematographischen Artikulation der Sozialen Frage zu eruieren und ihre thematische Relevanz bzw. ihren Anteil für die Etablierung des Kinos in Deutschland zu bestimmen. Im Fokus stehen die Medienprodukte, ihre Motivgestaltung und Inszenierungspraktiken.
description: This dissertation examines the representation of poverty in early cinema and the institutionalization of cinema in Germany. The main concern the articulation of poverty within early short film programmes and long feature films and their significance for the establishment of cinema before 1914.
3D sound-source localization using triangulation-based methods
Creators: name: Lam, Alice
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: The localization of sound sources in a reverberant environment, such as a classroom or industrial workspace, is an essential first step toward noise control in these spaces. Many sound source localization techniques have been developed for use with microphone arrays. A common characteristic of these techniques is that they are able to provide the direction from which the sound is coming, but not the range (i.e. the distance between the source and receiver).This thesis presents two triangulation-based methods for localizing sound sources in 3D space, including range, using a small hemispherical microphone array. Practical issues with the hemispherical array, such as source resolution and operating frequency limitations, are discussed. The first method - direct triangulation - involves taking multiple sound field measurements at different locations in the room, and then using the combined output of all receivers to triangulate the source. Direct triangulation is conceptually simple and requires no a priori knowledge of the surrounding environment, but proves cumbersome as multiple array measurements are required - this also limits its application to steady-state noise sources. The second method - image source triangulation - requires only one measurement, instead taking into account the early specular reflections from the walls of the room to create "image receivers" from which the source location can be triangulated. Image source triangulation has the advantage of only requiring one measurement and may be more suited to small spaces such as meeting rooms. However, it relies on having accurate pre-knowledge of the room geometry in relation to the microphones. Both triangulation methods are evaluated using simulations and physical in-room measurements, and are shown to be able to localize simple monopole sources in reverberant rooms.
Sol–gel based optical carbon dioxide sensor employing dual luminophore referencing for application in food packaging technology
Creators: name: von Bueltzingsloewen, C.
name: McEnvoy, A. K.
name: McDonagh, C.
name: MacCraith, B. D.
name: Klimant, I.
name: Krause, C.
name: Wolfbeis, Otto S.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: An optical sensor for the measurement of carbon dioxide in Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) applications has been developed. It is based on the fluorescent pH indicator 1-hydroxypyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonate (HPTS) immobilised in a hydrophobic organically modified silica (ormosil) matrix. Cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide was used as an internal buffer system. Fluorescence is measured in the phase domain by means of the Dual Luminophore Referencing (DLR) sensing scheme which provides many of the advantages of lifetime-based fluorometric sensors and makes it compatible with established optical oxygen sensor technology. The long-term stability of the sensor membranes has been investigated. The sensor displays 13.5 degrees phase shift between 0 and 100% CO2 with a resolution of better than 1% and a limit of detection of 0.08%. Oxygen cross-sensitivity is minimised (0.6% quenching in air) by immobilising the reference luminophore in polymer nano-beads. Cross-sensitivity towards chloride and pH was found to be negligible. Temperature effects were studied, and a linear Arrhenius correlation between ln k and 1/T was found. The sensor is stable over a period of at least seven months and its output is in excellent agreement with a standard reference method for carbon dioxide analysis.
Stability of fast algorithms for structured linear systems
Creators: name: Brent, Richard P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: F.2.1
subject: 65F05 (Primary), 15B05, 65F30, 65G50 (secondary)

description: We survey the numerical stability of some fast algorithms for solving systems of linear equations and linear least squares problems with a low displacement-rank structure. For example, the matrices involved may be Toeplitz or Hankel. We consider algorithms which incorporate pivoting without destroying the structure, and describe some recent results on the stability of these algorithms. We also compare these results with the corresponding stability results for the well known algorithms of Schur/Bareiss and Levinson, and for algorithms based on the semi-normal equations.
description: 13 pages. An old Technical Report (CSL, ANU, September 1997, 13 pages), submitted for archival purposes. For further details see http://wwwmaths.anu.edu.au/~brent/pub/pub177.html
Association between body mass index, multi-morbidity and activities of daily living among New Zealand nursing home older adults: a retrospective analysis of nationwide InterRAI data
Creators: name: Amankwaa, I
name: Nelson, K
name: Rook, Mary
name: Hales, Caroline
Publisher: name: Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 110699 Human Movement and Sports Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110399 Clinical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Background: Obesity is a well-established risk factor for multi-morbidity and disability among older adults in the community and acute care settings. However, nursing home residents with body mass index (BMI) below 18.5 kg/m2 and above 25.0 kg/m2 have been understudied. We examined the prevalence of multi-morbidity and disability in activities of daily living (ADL) by BMI category and further investigated the association between BMI, multi-morbidity, and disability of ADL in a large cohort of older adults in nursing homes in New Zealand. Methods: A retrospective review of nursing home residents’ data obtained from the New Zealand International Resident Assessment Instrument national dataset from 2015 to 2018. One hundred ninety-eight thousand seven hundred ninety older adults (≥60 years) living in nursing homes were included. BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms (kg) divided by height in meters squared (m2). Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of ≥2 health conditions. The risk of disability was measured by a 4-item ADL self-performance scale. The prevalence ratio (PR) of the association between BMI and multi-morbidity and between BMI and disability in ADL was assessed using Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: Of the 198,790 residents, 10.6, 26.6, 11.3 and 5.4% were underweight, overweight, obese, and extremely obese, respectively. 26.4, 31.3 and 21.3% had one, two and three disease conditions, respectively, while 14.3% had four or more conditions. 24.1% could perform only one ADL, and 16.1% could perform none. The prevalence of multi-morbidity increased with increasing BMI, whereas mean disability in ADL decreased with increasing BMI. The risk of multi-morbidity was higher for the overweight (PR, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.02–1.03) and obese (PR, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.06–1.08) compared to normal weight after controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, and region. BMI was inversely associated with mean ADL; β, 95% CI for overweight (− 0.30, − 0.32, − 0.28) and obese − 0.43, − 0.45, − 0.40 compared to normal weight. Conclusion: Being underweight was associated with a decline in the performance of ADL in nursing home residents. In contrast, being overweight and obese positively affected functional performance, demonstrating that the obesity paradox plays an important role in this population. The observed associations highlight areas where detection and management of underweight and healthy aging initiatives may be merited.
Off-diagonal approach to the exact solution of quantum integrable systems
Creators: name: Qiao, Yi
name: Cao, Junpeng
name: Yang, Wen-Li
name: Shi, Kangjie
name: Wang, Yupeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the $t$-$W$ scheme for the anti-ferromagnetic XXX spin chain under both periodic and open boundary conditions. We propose a new parametrization of the eigenvalues of transfer matrix. Based on it, we obtain the exact solution of the system. By analyzing the distribution of zero roots at the ground state, we obtain the explicit expressions of the eigenfunctions of the transfer matrix and the associated $\mathbb{W}$ operator (see (2.8) and (3.20)) in the thermodynamic limit. We find that the ratio of the quantum determinant with the eigenvalue of $\mathbb{W}$ operator for the ground state exhibits exponential decay behavior. Thus this fact ensures that the so-called inversion relation (the $t-W$ relation without the $W$-term) can be used to study the ground state properties of quantum integrable systems with/without $U(1)$-symmetry in the thermodynamic limit.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures
Copper (II) hydroxide nanorods grown on copper and nickel plated nanofibres for pseudocapacitor electrodes in regenerative braking
Creators: name: Yip, Garriott
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: The threat of climate change has created a demand for superior energy storage devices. One application for them is regenerative braking in hybrid vehicles to reduce fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Instead of using brakes, the friction generated from turning electric motors charges batteries stops the vehicle. In turn, the batteries are used to accelerate the vehicle. Since braking time is short, batteries are imperfect for this application due to low rate of energy transfer (power). Supercapacitors are superior for power, but cost and amount of energy stored needs to be improved. In this study, Cu(OH)₂ nanorods grown on copper-nickel plated nanofibres (Cu(OH)₂ NGCuNiPN) were fabricated as electrodes for the pseudocapacitor application. The aim is to use nanofibres as a light weight support, the high conductivity of nickel for power and as a current collector, and Cu(OH)₂ nanorods for pseudocapacitance energy storage. Cu(OH)₂ NGCuNiPN electrodes were fabricated by electrospinning, electroless plating, and wet-chemical Cu(OH)₂ nanorod growth. Polyacrylonitrile-co-methyl-acrylate/Pd(C₅H₇O₂)₂ nanofibre sheets were fabricated with electrospinning. A heat treatment process converted Pd(C₅H₇O₂)₂ to Pd catalyst, which was necessary for electroless plating. Nickel was plated on the surface and through the thickness of the nanofibre sheet. Cu was plated on top of the Ni and converted to Cu(OH)₂ nanorods. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy determined the wet-chemical method converted some nickel to nickel compounds (NiO, Ni(OH)₂, NiOOH) in addition to Cu(OH)₂ nanorod growth. Electrochemical analysis determined Cu(OH)₂ nanorods reduced power density and did not affect energy density, but the nickel compounds improved energy density. Galvanic charge-discharge determined the specific energy and specific power densities of nickel plated nanofibres submerged in 3.75 M NaOH-0.3 M ammonium persulfate for 180 min were 13.2 Wh kg-¹ and 7892 W kg-¹ respectively at a current density of 28.8 A g-¹. Only 20% of capacitance was loss when current density was increased from 3.6 g-¹ to 28.8 A g-¹. Cyclic testing showed specific capacitance increased by 44% (330 F g-¹ to 476 F g-¹) after 1000 cycles. The increase in capacitance is likely due to the formation of additional nickel compounds under alkali conditions.
Optimized Performance Evaluation of LTE Hard Handover Algorithm with Average RSRP Constraint
Creators: name: Lin, Cheng-Chung
name: Sandrasegaran, Kumbesan
name: Ramli, Huda Adibah Mohd
name: Basukala, Riyaj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hard handover mechanism is adopted to be used in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE) in order to reduce the complexity of the LTE network architecture. This mechanism comes with degradation in system throughput as well as a higher system delay. This paper proposes a new handover algorithm known as LTE Hard Handover Algorithm with Average Received Signal Reference Power (RSRP) Constraint (LHHAARC) in order to minimize number of handovers and the system delay as well as maximize the system throughput. An optimized system performance of the LHHAARC is evaluated and compared with three well-known handover algorithms via computer simulation. The simulation results show that the LHHAARC outperforms three well-known handover algorithms by having less number of average handovers per UE per second, shorter total system delay whilst maintaining a higher total system throughput.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN)
Evolution of the magnetic field and flows of solar active regions with persistent magnetic bipoles before emergence
Creators: name: Alley, Camron S.
name: Schunker, Hannah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic active regions on the Sun are harbingers of space weather events. Understanding the physics of how they form and evolve will improve space weather forecasting. Our aim is to characterise the surface magnetic field and flows for a sample of active regions with persistent magnetic bipoles prior to emergence. We identified 42 emerging active regions (EARs), in the Solar Dynamics Observatory Helioseismic Emerging Active Region survey (Schunker et al. 2016), associated with small magnetic bipoles at least one day before the time of emergence. We then identified a contrasting sample of 42 EARs that emerge more abruptly without bipoles before emergence. We computed the supergranulation scale surface flows using helioseismic holography. We averaged the flow maps and magnetic field maps over all active regions in each sample at each time interval from 2 days before emergence to 1 day after. We found that EARs associated with a persistent pre-emergence bipole evolve to be, on average, lower flux active regions than EARs that emerge more abruptly. Further, we found that the EARs that emerge more abruptly do so with a diverging flow of $(3\pm 0.6) \times 10^{-6}$ s$^{-1}$ on the order of 50-100 ms$^{-1}$. Our results suggest that there is a statistical dependence of the surface flow signature throughout the emergence process on the maximum magnetic flux of the active region.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
Measurement of the in-medium phi-meson width in proton-nucleus collisions
Creators: name: Polyanskiy, A.
name: Hartmann, M.
name: Kiselev, Yu. T.
name: Paryev, E. Ya.
name: Buescher, M.
name: Chiladze, D.
name: Dymov, S.
name: Dzyuba, A.
name: Gebel, R.
name: Hejny, V.
name: Kaempfer, B.
name: Keshelashvili, I.
name: Koptev, V.
name: Lorentz, B.
name: Maeda, Y.
name: Merzliakov, S.
name: Mikirtytchiants, S.
name: Nekipelov, M.
name: Ohm, H.
name: Schade, H.
name: Serdyuk, V.
name: Sibirtsev, A.
name: Stein, H. J.
name: Stroeher, H.
name: Trusov, S.
name: Valdau, Yu.
name: Wilkin, C.
name: Wuestner, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of phi mesons in the collisions of 2.83 GeV protons with C, Cu, Ag, and Au at forward angles has been measured via the phi -> K+K- decay using the COSY-ANKE magnetic spectrometer. The phi meson production cross section follows a target mass dependence of A^0.56+/-0.02 in the momentum region of 0.6-1.6 GeV/c. The comparison of the data with model calculations suggests that the in-medium phi width is about an order of magnitude larger than its free value.
description: 8 pages with 2 eps figures
Open issues in probing interiors of solar-like oscillating main sequence stars 1. From the Sun to nearly suns
Creators: name: Goupil, M. J.
name: Lebreton, Y.
name: Marques, J. P.
name: Samadi, R.
name: Baudin, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review some major, open issues in the current modelling of low and intermediate mass, main sequence stars based on seismological studies. In the present paper, the solar case is discussed together with current problems that are common to the Sun and stars with a structure similar to that of the Sun. Several additional issues specific to main sequence stars other than the Sun are reviewed and illustrated with a few stars observed with CoRoT in a companion paper.
description: GONG 2010 - SoHO 24, A new era of seismology of the Sun and solar-like stars. To be published in the Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS)
Algebraic Rainich conditions for the tensor V
Creators: name: So, Lau Loi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Algebraic conditions on the Ricci tensor in the Rainich-Misner-Wheeler unified field theory are known as the Rainich conditions. Penrose and more recently Bergqvist and Lankinen made an analogy from the Ricci tensor to the Bel-Robinson tensor $B_{αβμν}$, a certain fourth rank tensor quadratic in the Weyl curvature, which also satisfies algebraic Rainich-like conditions. However, we found that not only does the tensor $B_{αβμν}$ fulfill these conditions, but so also does our recently proposed tensor $V_{αβμν}$, which has many of the desirable properties of $B_{αβμν}$. For the quasilocal small sphere limit restriction, we found that there are only two fourth rank tensors $B_{αβμν}$ and $V_{αβμν}$ which form a basis for good energy expressions. Both of them have the completely trace free and causal properties, these two form necessary and sufficient conditions. Surprisingly either completely traceless or causal is enough to fulfill the algebraic Rainich conditions. Furthermore, relaxing the quasilocal restriction and considering the general fourth rank tensor, we found two remarkable results: (i) without any symmetry requirement, the algebraic Rainich conditions only require totally trace free; (ii) with a symmetry requirement, we recovered the same result as in the quasilocal small sphere limit.
description: 17 pages
Smoothed ANOVA with spatial effects as a competitor to MCAR in multivariate spatial smoothing
Creators: name: Zhang, Yufen
name: Hodges, James S.
name: Banerjee, Sudipto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Rapid developments in geographical information systems (GIS) continue to generate interest in analyzing complex spatial datasets. One area of activity is in creating smoothed disease maps to describe the geographic variation of disease and generate hypotheses for apparent differences in risk. With multiple diseases, a multivariate conditionally autoregressive (MCAR) model is often used to smooth across space while accounting for associations between the diseases. The MCAR, however, imposes complex covariance structures that are difficult to interpret and estimate. This article develops a much simpler alternative approach building upon the techniques of smoothed ANOVA (SANOVA). Instead of simply shrinking effects without any structure, here we use SANOVA to smooth spatial random effects by taking advantage of the spatial structure. We extend SANOVA to cases in which one factor is a spatial lattice, which is smoothed using a CAR model, and a second factor is, for example, type of cancer. Datasets routinely lack enough information to identify the additional structure of MCAR. SANOVA offers a simpler and more intelligible structure than the MCAR while performing as well. We demonstrate our approach with simulation studies designed to compare SANOVA with different design matrices versus MCAR with different priors. Subsequently a cancer-surveillance dataset, describing incidence of 3-cancers in Minnesota's 87 counties, is analyzed using both approaches, showing the competitiveness of the SANOVA approach.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AOAS267 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Coexistence of Magnetic Order and Two-dimensional Superconductivity at LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ Interfaces
Creators: name: Li, Lu
name: Richter, C.
name: Mannhart, J.
name: Ashoori, R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A two dimensional electronic system with novel electronic properties forms at the interface between the insulators LaAlO$_3$ and SrTiO$_3$. Samples fabricated until now have been found to be either magnetic or superconducting, depending on growth conditions. We combine transport measurements with high-resolution magnetic torque magnetometry and report here evidence of magnetic ordering of the two-dimensional electron liquid at the interface. The magnetic ordering exists from well below the superconducting transition to up to 200 K, and is characterized by an in-plane magnetic moment. Our results suggest that there is either phase separation or coexistence between magnetic and superconducting states. The coexistence scenario would point to an unconventional superconducting phase in the ground state.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Contract Wallet Using Emails
Creators: name: Suegami, Sora
name: Shibano, Kyohei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We proposed a new construction for contract wallets, smart contract applications that allow users to control their crypto assets. Users can manipulate their crypto assets by simply sending emails with no need to manage keys. These emails are verified using zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) along with their attached digital signatures that the sender domain server (SDS) generates according to DomainKeys Identified Mail. Unless the SDS forges the emails, the crypto assets remain secure in the proposed system. Moreover, the existing SDSs can be used as is by outsourcing additional work to a third party that is not necessarily trusted. The system supports various functions to manipulate crypto assets. We produced a tool for variable-regex mapping (VRM) that enables developers to build a new function without ZKP skills. For example, using the tool, we built a demo application where users can exchange crypto assets via Uniswap only with emails. The published version of this paper is available at https://doi.org/10.1109/ICBC56567.2023.10174932.
description: 2 pages
Ultra-low threshold, electrically pumped quantum dot photonic crystal nanocavity laser
Creators: name: Ellis, Bryan
name: Mayer, Marie
name: Shambat, Gary
name: Sarmiento, Tomas
name: Harris, James
name: Haller, Eugene
name: Vuckovic, Jelena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficient, low threshold, and compact semiconductor laser sources are being investigated for many applications in high-speed communications, information processing, and optical interconnects. The best edge-emitting and vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have thresholds on the order of 100 \muA[1,2] but dissipate too much power to be practical for many applications, particularly optical interconnects[3]. Optically pumped photonic crystal (PC) nanocavity lasers represent the state of the art in low-threshold lasers[4,5]; however, in order to be practical, techniques to electrically pump these structures must be developed. Here we demonstrate a quantum dot photonic crystal nanocavity laser in gallium arsenide pumped by a lateral p-i-n junction formed by ion implantation. Continuous wave lasing is observed at temperatures up to 150 K. Thresholds of only 181 nA at 50 K and 287 nA at 150 K are observed - the lowest thresholds ever observed in any type of electrically pumped laser.
Detecting the Most Unusual Part of Two and Three-dimensional Digital Images
Creators: name: Koroutchev, Kostadin
name: Korutcheva, Elka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The purpose of this paper is to introduce an algorithm that can detect the most unusual part of a digital image in probabilistic setting. The most unusual part of a given shape is defined as a part of the image that has the maximal distance to all non intersecting shapes with the same form. The method is tested on two and three-dimensional images and has shown very good results without any predefined model. A version of the method independent of the contrast of the image is considered and is found to be useful for finding the most unusual part (and the most similar part) of the image conditioned on given image. The results can be used to scan large image databases, as for example medical databases.
description: 16 pages
Marginality of bulk-edge correspondence for single-valley Hamiltonians
Creators: name: Li, Jian
name: Morpurgo, Alberto F.
name: Büttiker, Markus
name: Martin, Ivar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the correspondence between the non-trivial topological properties associated with the individual valleys of gapped bilayer graphene (BLG), as a prototypical multi-valley system, and the gapless modes at its edges and other interfaces. We find that the exact connection between the valley-specific Hall conductivity and the number of gapless edge modes does not hold in general, but is dependent on the boundary conditions, even in the absence of intervalley coupling. This non-universality is attributed to the absence of a well-defined topological invariant within a given valley of BLG; yet, a more general topological invariant may be defined in certain cases, which explains the distinction between the BLG-vacuum and BLG-BLG interfaces.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Continuous-wave gravitational radiation from pulsar glitch recovery
Creators: name: Bennett, M. F.
name: van Eysden, C. A.
name: Melatos, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonaxisymmetric, meridional circulation inside a neutron star, excited by a glitch and persisting throughout the post-glitch relaxation phase, emits gravitational radiation. Here, it is shown that the current quadrupole contributes more strongly to the gravitational wave signal than the mass quadrupole evaluated in previous work. We calculate the signal-to-noise ratio for a coherent search and conclude that a large glitch may be detectable by second-generation interferometers like the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory. It is shown that the viscosity and compressibility of bulk nuclear matter, as well as the stratification length-scale and inclination angle of the star, can be inferred from a gravitational wave detection in principle.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
A criterion for weak mixing of induced interval exchange transformations
Creators: name: Boshernitzan, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37E05, 37A55

description: Let $f\colon X\to X$, $X=[0,1)$, be an ergodic IET (interval exchange transformation) relative to the Lebesgue measure on $X$. Denote by $f_t\colon X_t\to X_t$ the IET obtained by inducing $f$ to the subinterval $X=[0,t)$, $0
description: 12 pages
Investigation of immune privilege in basal cell carcinoma
Creators: name: Gao, Wendi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer which arises in the skin’s basal cells that line the deepest layer of the epidermis. Previous studies have identified some immune privilege (IP) related genes and products expressed in some malignancies. IP is also believed to exist in BCC tumors during BCC development. However, quantitative analyses and functional studies to clearly demonstrate IP in BCC tumors are required. My goal was to examine BCC tumor cells to identify novel functional mechanisms of IP. My hypothesis was that BCC tumors have functional IP capabilities. With in vitro experiments, I found that cultured BCC cells appeared to suppress histo-incompatible peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) T cells’ activation, as well as IFN-γ secretion. In contrast, non-tumor skin cells from the same subject elicited significant T cell activation. I screened for expression of candidate IP-related genes in BCC tumors relative to normal skin from healthy people by quantitative RT-PCR. I found significant upregulation of CD200, and a downregulation of its receptor CD200R. There were also several other genes related to IP expressed differently in BCC tumors compared to healthy control tissues. We also demonstrated the upregulation of CD200 and downregulation of CD200R at the protein level by flow cytometry. In summary, these experiments give further evidence in support of BCC IP and predict a potential role of CD200 in BCC IP.
Cell segmentation of in situ transcriptomics data using signed graph partitioning
Creators: name: Andersson, Axel
name: Behanova, Andrea
name: Wählby, Carolina
name: Malmberg, Filip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The locations of different mRNA molecules can be revealed by multiplexed in situ RNA detection. By assigning detected mRNA molecules to individual cells, it is possible to identify many different cell types in parallel. This in turn enables investigation of the spatial cellular architecture in tissue, which is crucial for furthering our understanding of biological processes and diseases. However, cell typing typically depends on the segmentation of cell nuclei, which is often done based on images of a DNA stain, such as DAPI. Limiting cell definition to a nuclear stain makes it fundamentally difficult to determine accurate cell borders, and thereby also difficult to assign mRNA molecules to the correct cell. As such, we have developed a computational tool that segments cells solely based on the local composition of mRNA molecules. First, a small neural network is trained to compute attractive and repulsive edges between pairs of mRNA molecules. The signed graph is then partitioned by a mutex watershed into components corresponding to different cells. We evaluated our method on two publicly available datasets and compared it against the current state-of-the-art and older baselines. We conclude that combining neural networks with combinatorial optimization is a promising approach for cell segmentation of in situ transcriptomics data.
description: Accepted at GbRPR 2023: Graph-Based Representations in Pattern Recognition
Reducible braids and Garside theory
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Meneses, Juan
name: Wiest, Bert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F36

description: We show that reducible braids which are, in a Garside-theoretical sense, as simple as possible within their conjugacy class, are also as simple as possible in a geometric sense. More precisely, if a braid belongs to a certain subset of its conjugacy class which we call the stabilized set of sliding circuits, and if it is reducible, then its reducibility is geometrically obvious: it has a round or almost round reducing curve. Moreover, for any given braid, an element of its stabilized set of sliding circuits can be found using the well-known cyclic sliding operation. This leads to a polynomial time algorithm for deciding the Nielsen-Thurston type of any braid, modulo one well-known conjecture on the speed of convergence of the cyclic sliding operation.
description: 28 pages, 4 figures
Secular dynamics of planetesimals in tight binary systems: Application to Gamma-Cephei
Creators: name: Giuppone, C. A.
name: Leiva, A. M.
name: Correa-Otto, J.
name: Beauge, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The secular dynamics of small planetesimals in tight binary systems play a fundamental role in establishing the possibility of accretional collisions in such extreme cases. The most important secular parameters are the forced eccentricity and secular frequency, which depend on the initial conditions of the particles, as well as on the mass and orbital parameters of the secondary star. We construct a second-order theory (with respect to the masses) for the planar secular motion of small planetasimals and deduce new expressions for the forced eccentricity and secular frequency. We also reanalyze the radial velocity data available for Gamma-Cephei and present a series of orbital solutions leading to residuals compatible with the best fits. Finally, we discuss how different orbital configurations for Gamma-Cephei may affect the dynamics of small bodies in circunmstellar motion. For Gamma-Cephei, we find that the classical first-order expressions for the secular frequency and forced eccentricity lead to large inaccuracies around 50 % for semimajor axes larger than one tenth the orbital separation between the stellar components. Low eccentricities and/or masses reduce the importance of the second-order terms. The dynamics of small planetesimals only show a weak dependence with the orbital fits of the stellar components, and the same result is found including the effects of a nonlinear gas drag. Thus, the possibility of planetary formation in this binary system largely appears insensitive to the orbital fits adopted for the stellar components, and any future alterations in the system parameters (due to new observations) should not change this picture. Finally, we show that planetesimals migrating because of gas drag may be trapped in mean-motion resonances with the binary, even though the migration is divergent.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures