cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Room-temperature observation of near-intrinsic exciton linewidth in monolayer WS2
Creators: name: Fang, Jie
name: Yao, Kan
name: Zhang, Tianyi
name: Wang, Mingsong
name: Jiang, Taizhi
name: Huang, Suichu
name: Korgel, Brian A.
name: Terrones, Mauricio
name: Alu, Andrea
name: Zheng, Yuebing
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: homogeneous exciton linewidth
exciton quantum dynamics
transition metal dichalcogenides
exciton and trion decays
silicon nanospheres
Mie resonances

description: The homogeneous exciton linewidth, which captures the coherent quantum dynamics of an excitonic state, is a vital parameter in exploring light-matter interactions in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). An efficient control of the exciton linewidth is of great significance, and in particular of its intrinsic linewidth, which determines the minimum timescale for the coherent manipulation of excitons. However, such a control has rarely been achieved in TMDs at room temperature (RT). While the intrinsic A exciton linewidth is down to 7 meV in monolayer WS2, the reported RT linewidth was typically a few tens of meV due to inevitable homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening effects. Here, we show that a 7.18 meV near-intrinsic linewidth can be observed at RT when monolayer WS2 is coupled with a moderate-refractive-index hydrogenated silicon nanosphere in water. By boosting the dynamic competition between exciton and trion decay channels in WS2 through the nanosphere-supported Mie resonances, we have managed to tune the coherent linewidth from 35 down to 7.18 meV. Such modulation of exciton linewidth and its associated mechanism are robust even in presence of defects, easing the sample quality requirement and providing new opportunities for TMD-based nanophotonics and optoelectronics.
Dual-gated volumetric modulated arc therapy
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Dual gating
IGRT
VMAT
SBRT

description: © 2014 Fahimian et al.; Background: Gated Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) is an emerging radiation therapy modality for treatment of tumors affected by respiratory motion. However, gating significantly prolongs the treatment time, as delivery is only activated during a single respiratory phase. To enhance the efficiency of gated VMAT delivery, a novel dual-gated VMAT (DG-VMAT) technique, in which delivery is executed at both exhale and inhale phases in a given arc rotation, is developed and experimentally evaluated. Methods: Arc delivery at two phases is realized by sequentially interleaving control points consisting of MUs, MLC sequences, and angles of VMAT plans generated at the exhale and inhale phases. Dual-gated delivery is initiated when a respiration gating signal enters the exhale window; when the exhale delivery concludes, the beam turns off and the gantry rolls back to the starting position for the inhale window. The process is then repeated until both inhale and exhale arcs are fully delivered. DG-VMAT plan delivery accuracy was assessed using a pinpoint chamber and diode array phantom undergoing programmed motion. Results: DG-VMAT delivery was experimentally implemented through custom XML scripting in Varian’s TrueBeam™ STx Developer Mode. Relative to single gated delivery at exhale, the treatment time was improved by 95.5% for a sinusoidal breathing pattern. The pinpoint chamber dose measurement agreed with the calculated dose within 0.7%. For the DG-VMAT delivery, 97.5% of the diode array measurements passed the 3%/3 mm gamma criterion. Conclusions: The feasibility of DG-VMAT delivery scheme has been experimentally demonstrated for the first time. By leveraging the stability and natural pauses that occur at end-inspiration and end-exhalation, DG-VMAT provides a practical method for enhancing gated delivery efficiency by up to a factor of two.
A mixture of experts model for rank data with applications in election studies
Creators: name: Gormley, Isobel Claire
name: Murphy, Thomas Brendan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A voting bloc is defined to be a group of voters who have similar voting preferences. The cleavage of the Irish electorate into voting blocs is of interest. Irish elections employ a ``single transferable vote'' electoral system; under this system voters rank some or all of the electoral candidates in order of preference. These rank votes provide a rich source of preference information from which inferences about the composition of the electorate may be drawn. Additionally, the influence of social factors or covariates on the electorate composition is of interest. A mixture of experts model is a mixture model in which the model parameters are functions of covariates. A mixture of experts model for rank data is developed to provide a model-based method to cluster Irish voters into voting blocs, to examine the influence of social factors on this clustering and to examine the characteristic preferences of the voting blocs. The Benter model for rank data is employed as the family of component densities within the mixture of experts model; generalized linear model theory is employed to model the influence of covariates on the mixing proportions. Model fitting is achieved via a hybrid of the EM and MM algorithms. An example of the methodology is illustrated by examining an Irish presidential election. The existence of voting blocs in the electorate is established and it is determined that age and government satisfaction levels are important factors in influencing voting in this election.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AOAS178 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Parameter dependences of convection driven dynamos in rotating spherical fluid shells
Creators: name: Busse, F. H.
name: Simitev, R. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the understanding of planetary and stellar dynamos an overview of the major parameter dependences of convection driven dynamos in rotating spherical fluid shells is desirable. Although the computationally accessible parameter space is limited, earlier work is extended with emphasis on higher Prandtl numbers and uniform heat flux condition at the outer boundary. The transition from dynamos dominated by non-axisymmetric components of the magnetic field to those dominated by the axisymmetric components depends on the magnetic Prandtl number as well as on the ordinary Prandtl number for higher values of the rotation parameter $τ$. The dependence of the transition on the latter parameter is also discussed. A variety of oscillating dynamos is presented and interpreted in terms of dynamo waves, standing oscillation or modified relaxation oscillations.
Distinguishing binders from false positives by free energy calculations: Fragment screening against the flap site of HIV protease
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Binding Sites
Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
HIV Protease
Ligands
Molecular Docking Simulation
Protein Binding
Protein Conformation
Thermodynamics

description: © 2014 American Chemical Society. Molecular docking is a powerful tool used in drug discovery and structural biology for predicting the structures of ligand-receptor complexes. However, the accuracy of docking calculations can be limited by factors such as the neglect of protein reorganization in the scoring function; as a result, ligand screening can produce a high rate of false positive hits. Although absolute binding free energy methods still have difficulty in accurately rank-ordering binders, we believe that they can be fruitfully employed to distinguish binders from nonbinders and reduce the false positive rate. Here we study a set of ligands that dock favorably to a newly discovered, potentially allosteric site on the flap of HIV-1 protease. Fragment binding to this site stabilizes a closed form of protease, which could be exploited for the design of allosteric inhibitors. Twenty-three top-ranked protein-ligand complexes from AutoDock were subject to the free energy screening using two methods, the recently developed binding energy analysis method (BEDAM) and the standard double decoupling method (DDM). Free energy calculations correctly identified most of the false positives (¥83%) and recovered all the confirmed binders. The results show a gap averaging ¥3.7 kcal/mol, separating the binders and the false positives. We present a formula that decomposes the binding free energy into contributions from the receptor conformational macrostates, which provides insights into the roles of different binding modes. Our binding free energy component analysis further suggests that improving the treatment for the desolvation penalty associated with the unfulfilled polar groups could reduce the rate of false positive hits in docking. The current study demonstrates that the combination of docking with free energy methods can be very useful for more accurate ligand screening against valuable drug targets.
Sculpting the plasmonic responses of nanoparticles by directed electron beam irradiation
Creators: name: Roccapriore, Kevin M.
name: Cho, Shin-Hum
name: Lupini, Andrew R.
name: Milliron, Delia J,
name: Kalinin, Sergei V.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2021
Subjects: nanoparticles

description: Spatial confinement of matter in functional nanostructures has propelled these systems to the forefront of nanoscience, both as a playground for exotic physics and quantum phenomena and in multiple applications including plasmonics, optoelectronics, and sensing. In parallel, the emergence of monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) has enabled exploration of local nanoplasmonic functionalities within single nanoparticles and the collective response of nanoparticle assemblies, providing deep insight into the associated mechanisms. However, modern synthesis processes for plasmonic nanostructures are often limited in the types of accessible geometry and materials, and even then, limited to spatial precisions on the order of tens of nm, precluding the direct exploration of critical aspects of the structure-property relationships. Here, we use the atomic-sized probe of the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to perform precise sculpting and design of nanoparticle configurations. Furthermore, using low-loss (EELS), we provide dynamic analyses of evolution of the plasmonic response during the sculpting process. We show that within self-assembled systems of nanoparticles, individual nanoparticles can be selectively removed, reshaped, or arbitrarily patterned with nanometer-level resolution, effectively modifying the plasmonic response in both space and energy domains. This process significantly increases the scope for design possibilities and presents opportunities for arbitrary structure development, which are ultimately key for nanophotonic design. Nanosculpting introduces yet another capability to the electron microscope.
In-Medium Modifications of Low-Mass Vector Mesons in PHENIX at RHIC
Creators: name: Tsuchimoto, Yuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements at RHIC have established the creation of a Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) in most central heavy-ion collisions. An important tool to understand properties of the QGP is study of the spectral shapes of low-mass vector mesons (LVM's), $ρ$, $ω$ and $ϕ$, which can be modified in the medium by partial restoration of chiral symmetry. This modification may be accessed directly by measuring low-momentum LVM's via their decays into lepton pairs inside the hot matter. Since leptons are not subject to the strong interaction, they do not rescatter on their way out of the medium. The PHENIX experiment at RHIC has measured LVM production at mid-rapidity in $p$ + $p$, $d$+Au and Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 200 GeV\@. Mass peaks for the LVM's have been observed in the di-electron invariant mass spectra with a resolution of 10 MeV/$c^2$ in all of the three collision systems. The extracted spectra, mass and width of $ω$ and $ϕ$ in $p$ + $p$, $d$+Au and Au+Au, in the leptonic and hadronic decay channels are reviewed. As the widths of the mesons may be affected in the medium, the branching ratios of various decay modes may also be modified from the values in vacuum. The relative branching ratio is compared between $ϕ\to e^+e^-$ and $ϕ\to K^+K^-$, which may be sensitive to the mass modification due to the small Q-value of $ϕ\to K^+K^-$.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Circulating tumor cells as early predictors of metastatic spread in breast cancer patients with limited metastatic dissemination
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Bone Neoplasms
Breast Neoplasms
Disease Progression
Disease-Free Survival
Female
Humans
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Lymphatic Metastasis
Neoplastic Cells, Circulating
Prognosis
Proportional Hazards Models

description: © 2014 Giuliano et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Introduction: Traditional factors currently used for prognostic stratification do not always adequately predict treatment response and disease evolution in advanced breast cancer patients. Therefore, the use of blood-based markers, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), represents a promising complementary strategy for disease monitoring. In this retrospective study, we explored the role of CTC counts as predictors of disease evolution in breast cancer patients with limited metastatic dissemination. Methods: A total of 492 advanced breast cancer patients who had a CTC count assessed by CellSearch prior to starting a new line of systemic therapy were eligible for this analysis. Using the threshold of 5 CTCs/7.5 ml of blood, pretreatment CTC counts were correlated in the overall population with metastatic site distribution, evaluated at baseline and at the time of treatment failure, using Fisher's exact test. Time to visceral progression and time to the development of new metastatic lesions and sites were estimated in patients with nonvisceral metastases and with single-site metastatic disease, respectively, by the Kaplan-Meier method. Survival times were compared between groups according to pretreatment CTC count by logrank test. Results: In the overall population, a pretreatment level ≥5 CTCs/7.5 ml was associated with an increased baseline number of metastatic sites compared with <5 CTCs/7.5 ml (P = 0.0077). At the time of treatment failure, patients with ≥5 CTCs/7.5 ml more frequently developed new metastatic lesions and sites compared with those with <5 CTCs/7.5 ml (development of new lesions: P = 0.0002; development of new sites: P = 0.0031). Among patients with disease originally confined to nonvisceral sites, ≥5 CTCs/7.5 ml was associated with remarkably shorter time to visceral metastases (P = 0.0021) and overall survival (P = 0.0006) compared with <5 CTCs/7.5 ml. In patients with single-site metastatic disease, ≥5 CTCs/7.5 ml was associated with a significant reduction of the time to development of new metastatic sites (P = 0.0051) and new lesions (P = 0.0002) and with worse overall survival (P = 0.0101). Conclusion: Our results suggest that baseline CTC counts can be used as an early predictor of metastatic potential in breast cancer patients with limited metastatic dissemination.
The Jem-Euso Mission
Creators: name: Takahashi, Yoshiyuki
name: Collaboration, the JEM-EUSO
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: JEM-EUSO is a space science mission to explore extreme energies and physics of the Universe. Its instrument will watch the dark-side of the earth and will detect UV photons emitted from the extensive air shower caused by an Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs above 10^18 eV), or Extremely High Energy Cosmic Ray (EHECR) particle (e.g., above about 10^20 eV). Such a high-rigidity particles as the latter arrives almost in a straight-line from its origin through the magnetic fields of our Milky Way Galaxy and is expected to allow us to trace the source location by its arrival direction. This nature can open the door to the new astronomy with charged particles. In its five years operation including the tilted mode, JEM-EUSO will detect at least 1,000 events with E>7x10^19 eV with the GZK cutoff spectrum. It can determine the energy spectrum and source locations of GZK to super-GZK regions with a statistical accuracy of several percent. JEM-EUSO is planned to be deployed by H2 Transfer Vehicle (HTV) and will be attached to the Japanese Experiment Module/ Exposure Facility (JEM/EF) of International Space Station. JAXA has selected JEM-EUSO as one of the mission candidates of the second phase utilization of JEM/EF for the launch in early-to-mid 2010s.
Gap structure in the electron-doped Iron-Arsenide Superconductor Ba(Fe0.92Co0.08)2As2: low-temperature specific heat study
Creators: name: Gofryk, K.
name: Sefat, A. S.
name: Bauer, E. D.
name: McGuire, M. A.
name: Sales, B. C.
name: Mandrus, D.
name: Thompson, J. D.
name: Ronning, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the field and temperature dependence of the low-temperature specific heat down to 400 mK and in magnetic fields up to 9 T of the electron-doped Ba(Fe0.92Co0.08)2As2 superconductor. Using the phonon specific heat obtained from pure BaFe2As2 we find the normal state Sommerfeld coefficient to be 18 mJ/mol.K^2 and a condensation energy of 1.27 J/mol. The temperature dependence of the electronic specific heat clearly indicate the presence of the low-energy excitations in the system. The magnetic field variation of field-induced specific heat cannot be described by single clean s- or d-wave models. Rather, the data require an anisotropic gap scenario which may or may not have nodes. We discuss the implications of these results.
description: New Journal of Physics in press, 10 pages, 5 figures
Geometry induced charge separation on a helicoidal ribbon
Creators: name: Atanasov, Victor
name: Dandoloff, Rossen
name: Saxena, Avadh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an exact calculation of the effective geometry-induced quantum potential for a particle confined on a helicoidal ribbon. This potential leads to the appearance of localized states at the rim of the helicoid. In this geometry the twist of the ribbon plays the role of an effective transverse electric field on the surface and thus this is reminiscent of the quantum Hall effect.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Fractal gait patterns are retained after entrainment to a fractal stimulus
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Acoustic Stimulation
Adult
Behavior
Female
Fractals
Gait
Humans
Male
Photic Stimulation

description: © PLOS ONE 2014. Previous work has shown that fractal patterns in gait can be altered by entraining to a fractal stimulus. However, little is understood about how long those patterns are retained or which factors may influence stronger entrainment or retention. In experiment one, participants walked on a treadmill for 45 continuous minutes, which was separated into three phases. The first 15 minutes (pre-synchronization phase) consisted of walking without a fractal stimulus, the second 15 minutes consisted of walking while entraining to a fractal visual stimulus (synchronization phase), and the last 15 minutes (postsynchronization phase) consisted of walking without the stimulus to determine if the patterns adopted from the stimulus were retained. Fractal gait patterns were strengthened during the synchronization phase and were retained in the postsynchronization phase. In experiment two, similar methods were used to compare a continuous fractal stimulus to a discrete fractal stimulus to determine which stimulus type led to more persistent fractal gait patterns in the synchronization and post-synchronization (i.e., retention) phases. Both stimulus types led to equally persistent patterns in the synchronization phase, but only the discrete fractal stimulus led to retention of the patterns. The results add to the growing body of literature showing that fractal gait patterns can be manipulated in a predictable manner. Further, our results add to the literature by showing that the newly adopted gait patterns are retained for up to 15 minutes after entrainment and showed that a discrete visual stimulus is a better method to influence retention.
Weak (anti-)localization in doped Z_2-topological insulator
Creators: name: Imura, Ken-Ichiro
name: Kuramoto, Yoshio
name: Nomura, Kentaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Localization properties of the doped Z_2-topological insulator are studied by weak localization theory. The disordered Kane-Mele model for graphene is taken as a prototype, and analyzed with attention to effects of the topological mass term, inter-valley scattering, and the Rashba spin-orbit interaction. The known tendency of graphene to anti-localize in the absence of inter-valley scattering between K and K' points is naturally placed as the massless limit of Kane-Mele model. The latter is shown to have a unitary behavior even in the absence of magnetic field due to the topological mass term. When inter-valley scattering is introduced, the topological mass term leaves the system in the unitary class, whereas the ordinary mass term, which appears if A and B sublattices are inequivalent, turns the system to weak localization. The Rashba spin-orbit interaction in the presence of K-K' scattering drive the system to weak anti-localization in sharp contrast to the ideal graphene case.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Scientists who engage with society perform better academically
Creators: name: Jensen, Pablo
name: Rouquier, Jean-Baptiste
name: Kreimer, Pablo
name: Croissant, Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most scientific institutions acknowledge the importance of opening the so-called 'ivory tower' of academic research through popularization, industrial collaboration or teaching. However, little is known about the actual openness of scientific institutions and how their proclaimed priorities translate into concrete measures. This paper gives an idea of some actual practices by studying three key points: the proportion of researchers who are active in wider dissemination, the academic productivity of these scientists, and the institutional recognition of their wider dissemination activities in terms of their careers. We analyze extensive data about the academic production, career recognition and teaching or public/industrial outreach of several thousand of scientists, from many disciplines, from France's Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. We find that, contrary to what is often suggested, scientists active in wider dissemination are also more active academically. However, their dissemination activities have almost no impact (positive or negative) on their careers.
Nonstationary stochastic resonance viewed through the lens of information theory
Creators: name: Goychuk, Igor
name: Hanggi, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In biological systems, information is frequently transferred with Poisson like spike processes (shot noise) modulated in time by information-carrying signals. How then to quantify information transfer for the output for such nonstationary input signals of finite duration? Is there some minimal length of the input signal duration versus its strength? Can such signals be better detected when immersed in noise stemming from the surroundings by increasing the stochastic intensity? These are some basic questions which we attempt to address within an analytical theory based on the Kullback-Leibler information concept applied to random processes.
Synaptic bouton properties are tuned to best fit the prevailing firing pattern
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: neuromuscular junction
boutons
modeling and simulation
structure-function relationships
morphology
firing pattern
adaption

description: © 2014 Knodel, Geiger, Ge, Bucher, Grillo, Wittum, Schuster and Queisser. The morphology of presynaptic specializations can vary greatly ranging from classical single-release-site boutons in the central nervous system to boutons of various sizes harboring multiple vesicle release sites. Multi-release-site boutons can be found in several neural contexts, for example at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of body wall muscles of Drosophila larvae. These NMJs are built by two motor neurons forming two types of glutamatergic multi-release-site boutons with two typical diameters. However, it is unknown why these distinct nerve terminal configurations are used on the same postsynaptic muscle fiber. To systematically dissect the biophysical properties of these boutons we developed a full three-dimensional model of such boutons, their release sites and transmitter-harboring vesicles and analyzed the local vesicle dynamics of various configurations during stimulation. Here we show that the rate of transmission of a bouton is primarily limited by diffusion-based vesicle movements and that the probability of vesicle release and the size of a bouton affect bouton-performance in distinct temporal domains allowing for an optimal transmission of the neural signals at different time scales. A comparison of our in silico simulations with in vivo recordings of the natural motor pattern of both neurons revealed that the bouton properties resemble a well-tuned cooperation of the parameters release probability and bouton size, enabling a reliable transmission of the prevailing firing-pattern at diffusion-limited boutons. Our findings indicate that the prevailing firing-pattern of a neuron may determine the physiological and morphological parameters required for its synaptic terminals.
Computation of inflationary cosmological perturbations in chaotic inflationary scenarios using the phase-integral method
Creators: name: Rojas, Clara
name: Villalba, Victor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase-integral approximation devised by Fröman and Fröman, is used for computing cosmological perturbations in the quadratic chaotic inflationary model. The phase-integral formulas for the scalar and tensor power spectra are explicitly obtained up to fifth order of the phase-integral approximation. We show that, the phase integral gives a very good approximation for the shape of the power spectra associated with scalar and tensor perturbations as well as the spectral indices. We find that the accuracy of the phase-integral approximation compares favorably with the numerical results and those obtained using the slow-roll and uniform approximation methods.
description: 21 pages, RevTex, to appear in Phys. Rev D
Visualizing domain wall and reverse domain superconductivity
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: 0912 Materials Engineering

description: In magnetically coupled, planar ferromagnet-superconductor (F/S) hybrid structures, magnetic domain walls can be used to spatially confine the superconductivity. In contrast to a superconductor in a uniform applied magnetic field, the nucleation of the superconducting order parameter in F/S structures is governed by the inhomogeneous magnetic field distribution. The interplay between the superconductivity localized at the domain walls and far from the walls leads to effects such as re-entrant superconductivity and reverse domain superconductivity with the critical temperature depending upon the location. Here we use scanning tunnelling spectroscopy to directly image the nucleation of superconductivity at the domain wall in F/S structures realized with Co-Pd multilayers and Pb thin films. Our results demonstrate that such F/S structures are attractive model systems that offer the possibility to control the strength and the location of the superconducting nucleus by applying an external magnetic field, potentially useful to guide vortices for computing application. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited.
Construction of localized wave functions for a disordered optical lattice and analysis of the resulting Hubbard model parameters
Creators: name: Zhou, S. Q.
name: Ceperley, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method to construct localized single particle wave functions using imaginary time projection and thereby determine lattice Hamiltonian parameters. We apply the method to a specific disordered potential generated by an optical lattice experiment and calculate for each instance of disorder, the equivalent lattice model parameters. The probability distributions of the Hubbard parameters are then determined. Tests of localization and eigen-energy convergence are examined.
description: 10 pages, 16 figures
Additional file 1 of A better understanding of the association between maternal perception of foetal movements and late stillbirth—findings from an individual participant data meta-analysis
Creators: name: Thompson, John M. D.
name: Wilson, Jessica
name: Bradford, Billie F.
name: Li, Minglan
name: Cronin, Robin S.
name: Gordon, Adrienne
name: Raynes-Greenow, Camille H.
name: Stacey, Tomasina
name: Cullling, Vicki M.
name: Askie, Lisa M.
name: O’Brien, Louise M.
name: Mitchell, Edwin A.
name: McCowan, Lesley M. E.
name: Heazell, Alexander E. P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Description of studies included in the CRIBBS Individual Pooled Meta-Analysis. Table S2. Breakdown of numbers in the IPD analysis by individual study for fetal movement variables. Table S3. Sensitivity analysis excluding STARS study from the multivariable model.
Additional file 2 of A better understanding of the association between maternal perception of foetal movements and late stillbirth—findings from an individual participant data meta-analysis
Creators: name: Thompson, John M. D.
name: Wilson, Jessica
name: Bradford, Billie F.
name: Li, Minglan
name: Cronin, Robin S.
name: Gordon, Adrienne
name: Raynes-Greenow, Camille H.
name: Stacey, Tomasina
name: Cullling, Vicki M.
name: Askie, Lisa M.
name: O’Brien, Louise M.
name: Mitchell, Edwin A.
name: McCowan, Lesley M. E.
name: Heazell, Alexander E. P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. SAS code for multivariable model to assess the independent effects of perception of fetal movements, with explanation of purpose of lines of code.
Additional file 3 of A better understanding of the association between maternal perception of foetal movements and late stillbirth—findings from an individual participant data meta-analysis
Creators: name: Thompson, John M. D.
name: Wilson, Jessica
name: Bradford, Billie F.
name: Li, Minglan
name: Cronin, Robin S.
name: Gordon, Adrienne
name: Raynes-Greenow, Camille H.
name: Stacey, Tomasina
name: Cullling, Vicki M.
name: Askie, Lisa M.
name: O’Brien, Louise M.
name: Mitchell, Edwin A.
name: McCowan, Lesley M. E.
name: Heazell, Alexander E. P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Figure S1. Prevalence of change perception of fetal movements, hiccups and vigorous movements by gestational age in women who experienced a stillbirth. A) Percentage of cases according to the prioritised strength and frequency of fetal movements, B) Percentage of cases with hiccups and vigorous fetal movements in the last 2 weeks.
Hex2vec -- Context-Aware Embedding H3 Hexagons with OpenStreetMap Tags
Creators: name: Woźniak, Szymon
name: Szymański, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Representation learning of spatial and geographic data is a rapidly developing field which allows for similarity detection between areas and high-quality inference using deep neural networks. Past approaches however concentrated on embedding raster imagery (maps, street or satellite photos), mobility data or road networks. In this paper we propose the first approach to learning vector representations of OpenStreetMap regions with respect to urban functions and land-use in a micro-region grid. We identify a subset of OSM tags related to major characteristics of land-use, building and urban region functions, types of water, green or other natural areas. Through manual verification of tagging quality, we selected 36 cities were for training region representations. Uber's H3 index was used to divide the cities into hexagons, and OSM tags were aggregated for each hexagon. We propose the hex2vec method based on the Skip-gram model with negative sampling. The resulting vector representations showcase semantic structures of the map characteristics, similar to ones found in vector-based language models. We also present insights from region similarity detection in six Polish cities and propose a region typology obtained through agglomerative clustering.
description: Accepted at 4th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on AI for Geographic Knowledge Discovery (GEOAI '21)
The damping of surface water waves in containers with grooved surfaces
Creators: name: Gettel, Lorne Edward
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The damping, of surface waves on shallow water can be affected by the roughness of the container walls as well as by surfactant layers present on the air-water interface. The increase in the damping caused by a grooved wave tank base has been studied both theoretically and experimentally. In any experimental investigation into the effect of surface roughness on the damping, surfactants can obscure the effects of wall roughness. An experimental technique is described to enable the relative importance of these two effects to be determined unambiguously. Initially experiments were conducted with the groove amplitude much smaller than the viscous boundary layer thickness. It was found that the increase in the damping caused by the grooved base was small (< 5% increase). The damping has also been studied for large amplitude grooves on the base of the wave tank (dimensions much larger than the viscous boundary layer thickness). It is shown theoretically that, for grooves of triangular or approximately sinusoidal cross section, the damping is increased by an amount proportional to the total surface area of the grooved surface, and is independent of the direction of flow with respect to the grooves. The theoretical model applies when the groove spacing and amplitude are small compared to the fluid depth and wavelength of the surface waves, but are large compared to the viscous boundary layer thickness. Experiments were conducted to test these predictions. By carrying out observations on two surface modes, it is shown that the observed increased damping is due to the grooved surface alone and cannot be attributed to spurious surfactant effects. It was found experimentally that the damping was independent of flow direction with respect to the grooves, and the increase in the damping was strictly proportional to the fractional increase in the area of the base, in complete agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Charge algebra for non-abelian large gauge symmetries at $O(r)$
Creators: name: Campiglia, Miguel
name: Peraza, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Asymptotic symmetries of gauge theories are known to encode infrared properties of radiative fields. In the context of tree-level Yang-Mills theory, the leading soft behavior of gluons is captured by large gauge symmetries with parameters that are $O(1)$ in the large $r$ expansion towards null infinity. This relation can be extended to subleading order provided one allows for large gauge symmetries with $O(r)$ gauge parameters. The latter, however, violate standard asymptotic field fall-offs and thus their interpretation has remained incomplete. We improve on this situation by presenting a relaxation of the standard asymptotic field behavior that is compatible with $O(r)$ gauge symmetries at linearized level. We show the extended space admits a symplectic structure on which $O(1)$ and $O(r)$ charges are well defined and such that their Poisson brackets reproduce the corresponding symmetry algebra.
description: 28 pages
Fast Convolution based on Winograd Minimum Filtering: Introduction and Development
Creators: name: Tong, Gan
name: Huang, Libo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been widely used in various fields and played an important role. Convolution operators are the fundamental component of convolutional neural networks, and it is also the most time-consuming part of network training and inference. In recent years, researchers have proposed several fast convolution algorithms including FFT and Winograd. Among them, Winograd convolution significantly reduces the multiplication operations in convolution, and it also takes up less memory space than FFT convolution. Therefore, Winograd convolution has quickly become the first choice for fast convolution implementation within a few years. At present, there is no systematic summary of the convolution algorithm. This article aims to fill this gap and provide detailed references for follow-up researchers. This article summarizes the development of Winograd convolution from the three aspects of algorithm expansion, algorithm optimization, implementation, and application, and finally makes a simple outlook on the possible future directions.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure
title: The Ethiopian Journal of Health Development , Vol. 22 (2008): Volume 22 Special Issue, 2008. 97-145
title: Volume 22 Special Issue, 2008. 97-145
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Development, The Ethiopian Journal Of Health
Publisher: name: The Ethiopian Journal of Health Development
Year: 2022

description: Approach to assess the economic impact of bovine tuberculosis in Ethiopia A comparative study on the epidemiology and immuno-pathology of bovine tuberculosis in Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle in Ethiopia The Wellcome Trust Bovine TB Project in Ethiopia: The Bovine TB Project Team The role of bovine tuberculosis as zoonotic disease in Ethiopia Wellcome Trust initiative: Animal Health in the Developing World Mycobacterial genomics and its application to disease control Towards effective control of bovine tuberculosis in Africa: A case for public engagement in science Cross-disciplinary and participatory livestock and human health research for successful control of zoonoses in the developing world "One health”: the potential of closer cooperation between human health research for successful control of zoonoses in the developing world Development of cattle TB vaccines based on heterologous prime-boosting strategies Tuberculosis: a global Review
A critical review of data-driven transient stability assessment of power systems: principles, prospects and challenges
Creators: name: Zhang, Shitu
name: Zhu, Zhixun
name: Li, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Transient stability assessment (TSA) has always been a fundamental means for ensuring the secure and stable operation of power systems. Due to the integration of new elements such as power electronics, electric vehicles and renewable power generations, dynamic characteristics of power systems are becoming more and more complex, which makes TSA an increasingly urgent task. Since traditional time-domain simulations and direct method cannot meet the actual operation requirements of power systems, data-driven TSA has attracted growing attention from both academia and industry. This paper makes a comprehensive review from the following four aspects: feature extraction and selection, model construction, online learning and rule extraction; and then, summarizes the challenges and prospects for future research; finally, draws the conclusions of this review. This review will be beneficial for relevant researchers to better understand the research status, key technologies and existing challenges in the field.
description: Accepted by Energies
Additional file 1 of Control of the expiratory flow in a lung model and in healthy volunteers with an adjustable flow regulator: a combined bench and randomized crossover study
Creators: name: Schmidt, Johannes
name: Martin, Anna
name: Wenzel, Christin
name: Weber, Jonas
name: Wirth, Steffen
name: Schumann, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plasma Physics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. A-priori investigation of the mechanical characteristics of the flow regulator. Figure S1. Schematic drawing of the setup for the measurements with constant flow. Figure S2. A Flow trigger for decrease of the suspension angle α and B artificial airway resistance (RAW) for increasing aperture distances with a set flow of 600 ml·s1.
Linear viscoelastic properties of adhesive soft particle glasses
Creators: name: Shahmohammadi, Ali
name: Bonnecaze, Roger T.
Publisher: name: AIP Publishing
Year: 2021
Subjects: viscoelastic

description: A model is presented to predict the linear viscoelastic rheology of hydrophobically modified adhesive soft particle glasses in an aqueous solution. The hydrophobes on the surfaces of particles in contact preferentially associate with each other, creating an adhesive force between particles. The extent of this adhesive force depends on the number of associating or physically bonded hydrophobes and the strain on the bonds. The model is first presented for two horizontal surfaces with hydrophobes attached to them. The force required for oscillatory movement between these adhesive surfaces exhibits a Maxwellian behavior with a single relaxation time that is about the time for hydrophobe dissociation. The model is extended to predict the storage and loss moduli of adhesive soft particle glasses in ordered cubic lattices. In addition to the adhesive force, the particles also exhibit repulsive elastic and elastohydrodynamic interparticle forces. For situations where there is no adhesive force between particles, the storage modulus is independent of frequency, and the loss modulus is a linear function of frequency. The storage and loss moduli as functions of frequency are richer with adhesive forces. The storage modulus exhibits two plateaus, one at low and one at high frequency. The loss modulus exhibits a local maximum in frequency that occurs at approximately the dissociation rate of the hydrophobes.
High-resolution imaging reveals new features of nuclear export of mRNA through the nuclear pore complexes
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: mRNA
nuclear export
nuclear pore complex
super-resolution microscopy
single-molecule tracking

description: The nuclear envelope (NE) of eukaryotic cells provides a physical barrier for messenger RNA (mRNA) and the associated proteins (mRNPs) traveling from sites of transcription in the nucleus to locations of translation processing in the cytoplasm. Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) embedded in the NE serve as a dominant gateway for nuclear export of mRNA. However, the fundamental characterization of export dynamics of mRNPs through the NPC has been hindered by several technical limits. First, the size of NPC that is barely below the diffraction limit of conventional light microscopy requires a super-resolution microscopy imaging approach. Next, the fast transit of mRNPs through the NPC further demands a high temporal resolution by the imaging approach. Finally, the inherent three-dimensional (3D) movements of mRNPs through the NPC demand the method to provide a 3D mapping of both transport kinetics and transport pathways of mRNPs. This review will highlight the recently developed super-resolution imaging techniques advanced from 1D to 3D for nuclear export of mRNPs and summarize the new features in the dynamic nuclear export process of mRNPs revealed from these technical advances. © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.