cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Reform des chinesischen Finanzsystems: Banken und Kapitalmärkte im Wandel
Creators: name: Schüller, Margot
Publisher: name: China aktuell
Year: 2019

description: Die Entwicklung der Finanzmärkte gilt als wichtige Voraussetzung für die erfolgreiche Transformation des chinesischen Wirtschaftssystems. Die im Mittelpunkt der Transformation stehende Dezentralisierung von Produktions- und Investitionsentscheidungen verändert zwangsläufig das Wesen der finanziellen Intermediation, also die Art des Ausgleichs der Finanzströme zwischen Sparern und Investoren. Notwendig werden die Schaffung neuer Instrumente und Anreize zur makroökonomischen Steuerung sowie der Aufbau neuer bzw. die Umgestaltung bestehender Finanzinstitutionen. Das Finanzsystem muß schrittweise aus seinem Stadium der Unterentwicklung herausgeführt und den Anforderungen angepaßt werden, die eine dezentrale und marktlich orientierte Wirtschaft stellt. Die zentrale Bedeutung diversifizierter Finanzmärkte, die Investitionsmittel bereitstellen und dadurch das Wirtschaftswachstum fördern, betont auch die Weltbank. Vor dem Hintergrund erschwerter Zutrittsmöglichkeiten zu internationalen Kapitalmärkten empfahl die Weltbank den Entwicklungsländern nochmals Ende der 80er Jahre, ihren inländischen Finanzsektor stärker zu liberalisieren. Hierzu zählt die Weltbank vor allem die Beschränkung der Einflußmöglichkeiten des Staates auf den Finanzsektor hinsichtlich Kreditallokation, Bestimmung der Zinssätze und Routineentscheidungen der Finanzintermediäre. Im vorliegenden Beitrag sollen die bisherigen Schritte zur Liberalisierung des chinesischen Finanzsystems aufgezeigt werden, wobei sich die Betrachtung auf die Reform der Banken und der Kapitalmärkte beschränkt. Diese spielen im Liberalisierungsprozeß eine Schlüsselfunktion, da sie das Verhalten sowohl der Unternehmen als auch der Haushalte und der Regierungsstellen entscheidend bestimmen können.
description: China aktuell, China aktuell - Oktober 1995
A framework for discrete optimization of stellarator coils
Creators: name: Hammond, K. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Designing magnets for three-dimensional plasma confinement is a key task for advancing the stellarator as a fusion reactor concept. Stellarator magnets must produce an accurate field while leaving adequate room for other components and being reasonably simple to construct and assemble. In this paper, a framework for coil design and optimization is introduced that enables the attainment of sparse magnet solutions with arbitrary restrictions on where coils may be located. The solution space is formulated as a "wireframe" consisting of a mesh of interconnected wire segments enclosing the plasma. Two methods are developed for optimizing the current distribution on a wireframe: Regularized Constrained Least Squares (RCLS), which uses a linear least-squares approach to optimize the currents in each segment, and Greedy Stellarator Coil Optimization (GSCO), a fully discrete procedure in which loops of current are added to the mesh one by one to achieve the desired magnetic field on the plasma boundary. Examples are presented of solutions obtainable with each method, some of which achieve high field accuracy while obeying spatial constraints that permit easy assembly.
description: 21 pages, 15 figures
Wirtschaftslage Taiwans zum Jahresende 1995
Creators: name: Nieh, Yu-Hsi
Publisher: name: China aktuell
Year: 2019

description: Die taiwanesische Wirtschaft entwickelte sich im ablaufenden Jahr 1995 etwa im gleichen Tempo wie im Vorjahr. Einem offiziellen Bericht des Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (DGBAS) vom 18. August 1995 zufolge hatte das Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) im ersten Halbjahr ein reales Wachstum von 6,73% gegenüber dem Vorjahreszeitraum zu verzeichnen, und im zweiten Halbjahr soll es beim Jahresvergleich ebenfalls schätzungsweise real um 6,52% steigen. Für das ganze Jahr erwartet der DGBAS ein reales BIP-Wachstum von 6,62%, etwas niedriger als seine frühere Schätzung von 6,94%, aber höher als im Jahr 1994 mit 6,54%. Damit wird das Bruttosozialprodukt (BSP) 1995 zum erstenmal die Marke von 7 Billionen NT$ (z.Z. rd. 27 NT$ = 1 US$) durchbrochen haben, und zwar in einer Höhe von 7.021,9 Mrd.NT$ (also umgerechnet 260,1 Mrd.US$), was einem Pro-Kopf-BSP von rd. 12.500 US$ entspricht.
description: China aktuell, China aktuell - Oktober 1995
Methodology for constraining ultralight vector bosons with gravitational wave searches targeting merger remnant black holes
Creators: name: Jones, Dana
name: Siemonsen, Nils
name: Sun, Ling
name: East, William E.
name: Miller, Andrew L.
name: Wette, Karl
name: Piccinni, Ornella J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultralight bosons are a hypothetical class of particles predicted under various extensions of Standard Model physics. As a result of the superradiance mechanism, we expect ultralight bosons, should they exist in certain mass ranges, to form macroscopic clouds around rotating black holes, so that we can probe their existence by looking for the long-transient gravitational wave emission produced by such clouds. In this paper, we propose a statistically robust framework for constraining the existence of ultralight vector bosons in the absence of detecting such a signal from searches targeting merger remnant black holes, effectively marginalizing over the uncertainties present in the properties of the target black holes. We also determine the impact of weak kinetic mixing with the ordinary photon and vector mass generation through a hidden Higgs mechanism on the constraining power of these searches. We find that individual follow-up searches, particularly with the next-generation gravitational wave detectors, can probe regions of parameter space for such models where robust constraints are still lacking.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures
Hongkong
Creators: name: Nieh, Yu-Hsi
Publisher: name: China aktuell
Year: 2019

description: Hongkong wird am 1 Juli des kommenden Jahres gemäß der Vereinbarung von 1984 zwischen London und Beijing an die VR China zurückgehen. Bis dahin sind es nur noch einige Monate. Die Vorbereitung zur Rücknahme des Territoriums auf der chinesischen Seite läuft auf Hochtouren. Am 26. Januar 1996 bildete Beijing ein Vorbereitungskomitee, 1 das am 10. August über die Zusammensetzung des Wahlkomitees zur Nominierung eines Kandidaten für den ersten Regierungschef und die Wahl eines Provisorischen Legislativrats (Parlament) von Hongkong als Sonderverwaltungszone (SVZ) der VR China nach der Wende entschied.
description: China aktuell, China aktuell - September 1996
Schulpflicht und Alphabetisierung in China
Creators: name: Staiger, Brunhild
Publisher: name: China aktuell
Year: 2019

description: Seit Ende der siebziger Jahre ist Chinas Bildungssystem einer tiefgreifenden Reform unterzogen worden. Zwar wurde der formale Beschluß über die Reform des chinesischen Bildungswesens erst im Mai 1985 vom ZK erlassen, aber tatsächlich halten die Reformen schon bald nach Mao Zedongs Tod 1976 eingesetzt. Damals galt es zunächst, die in der Kulturrevolution weitgehend zerschlagenen Bildungsinstitutionen wieder aufzubauen. Dieser Wiederaufbau war verbunden mit einem grundlegenden Richtungswandel: Hatte man in der Kulturrevolution das Ideal einer breiten Massenbildung vertreten, das notgedrungen auf sehr niedrigem Niveau umgesetzt wurde, so wurde nun das Schwergewicht auf die Anhebung des Bildungsniveaus des Volkes gelegt.
description: China aktuell, China aktuell - September 1996
Phase behaviour of primitive models of molecular ionic liquids in porous media: effects of cation shape, ion association and disordered confinement
Creators: name: Hvozd, T.
name: Patsahan, T.
name: Patsahan, O.
name: Kalyuzhnyi, Yu.
name: Holovko, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase behaviour of room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) confined in disordered porous media is studied using a theoretical approach that combines an extension of scaled particle theory, Wertheim's thermodynamic perturbation theory, and the associative mean spherical approximation. Two models, differing in the shape of the molecular cation, are considered: one with cations formed as charged flexible chains and the other with cations modelled as charged hard spherocylinders. Each model is described by a mixture of dimerized and free ions, while the porous medium is represented as a disordered matrix of hard spheres. We focus on the effects of the molecular cation shape, partial ion association, and disordered confinement on the liquid-vapour-like phase behaviour of the model ILs. In the approximation considered, we find that both the critical temperature and critical density in the model with spherocylinder cations are lower than those in the model with chain cations, and the phase coexistence region is narrower. This is the first theoretical attempt to describe an IL model with molecular ions shaped as spherocylinders, particularly in a disordered porous medium.
Improving the authenticity of the PBL model through learning in the workplace and community approaches
Creators: name: Keating, S.
name: Gabb, R.
name: Stojcevski, A.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This paper reports on a recent research project undertaken by the Office for PBL at Victoria University (VU) which explored strategies for enhancing the 'authenticity' of the curriculum in the problem-based learning Bachelor of Engineering programs through learning approaches such as industry placements, service learning and industry-sponsored projects. The aim was to recommend approaches which both met a recent mandate by VU that 25% of all course assessment relate broadly to students' learning in the workplace and community (LiWC) and were consistent with VU's PBL model. A literature review, interviews with academic staff and interviews with representatives from industry and community organisations that had hosted students were conducted. The findings indicated that various learning in the workplace and community approaches were complementary with problem-based learning and in particular that projects with an industry or community partner could enhance the 'authenticity' of VU's approach while retaining some of the advantages of a classroom-based learning model. For this reason it was recommended that mainstreaming projects with an industry or community partner throughout the course was the most appropriate option for meeting the University's requirement. However, improvements were identified as needed to ensure that all parties accrued benefits from involvement and that assessment of the projects better utilised feedback from the industry and community partners. The results have informed a re-design of the PBL engineering curriculum.
title: The Nature of Bullying in South Korean Schools
Creators: name: Koo, Hyojin
Publisher: name: Goldsmiths, University of London
Year: 2005

description: The aims of this present research are to expand our general understanding of bullying behaviour and to advance our knowledge about bullying among Korean pupils. With the purpose of exploring the nature and features of Korean bullying several studies were carried out, including one nationwide survey. At the beginning of this research, a sample (N=160) of Korean middle school pupils was selected in order to define the most appropriate term for bullying. The results confirmed that wang-ta is the most appropriate term for Korean bullying which can equivalently used for bullying in English speaking nations. With the term selected and two pilot studies a large-scale study (N=2,926) was carried out. The results showed that 5.80/0 of Korean pupils suffered by being bullied whereas 10.2%) pupils reported that they bully other peers. Results from the previous two studies indicated that there are different stages of victimisation in Korean schools. To investigate the stages of victimisation, 424 Korean pupils were selected. The results confirmed that there are different levels of victimisation and each level is named differently according to the level of victimisation. Moreover, in order to explore different stages of wang-ta, and study features of Korean bullying, 10 pupils, who quit school mainly due to being bullied, were interviewed. The participants well described the relationship between those three terms and their victimisation and a pattern of victimisation has been found. Information and knowledge concerning the nature and features of wang-ta can be useful to correctional practitioners and policy makers as well as important to conduct comparative studies. Moreover, features of Korean bullying can help practitioners in order to better help victims in schools.
Modeling of Electro-Thermal Quench of a REBCO Superconducting Coil for Aircraft Propulsion Motors
Creators: name: Hussain, Arif
name: Pardo, Enric
name: Dadhich, Anang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This work is about the electro-magnetic and electro-thermal modeling of REBCO superconducting racetrack coil for aircraft propulsion motors. It is important to mention that to get more realistic calculations, we implemented temperature-dependent thermal parameters of each metal including the superconducting layer.

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Estimating Uncertainties in Oceanographic Trace Element Measurements.
Creators: name: Worsfold, Paul J.
name: Achterberg, Eric P.
name: Birchill, Antony J.
name: Clough, Robert
name: Leito, Ivo
name: Lohan, Maeve C.
name: Milne, Angela
name: Ussher, Simon J.
Publisher: name: UNESCO/IOC
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Uncertainty estimation
subject: Metrology
subject: Trace elements
subject: Empirical approach
subject: Parameter Discipline::Chemical oceanography::Other inorganic chemical measurements
subject: Parameter Discipline::Chemical oceanography::Other organic chemical measurements
subject: Modelling approach

description: A realistic estimation of uncertainty is an essential requirement for all analytical measurements. It is common practice, however, for the uncertainty estimate of a chemical measurement to be based on the instrumental precision associated with the analysis of a single or multiple samples, which can lead to underestimation. Within the context of chemical oceanography such an underestimation of uncertainty could lead to an over interpretation of the result(s) and hence impact on, e.g., studies of biogeochemical cycles, and the outputs from oceanographic models. Getting high quality observational data with a firm uncertainty assessment is therefore essential for proper model validation. This paper describes and compares two recommended approaches that can give a more holistic assessment of the uncertainty associated with such measurements, referred to here as the “bottom up” or modeling approach and the “top down” or empirical approach. “Best practice” recommendations for the implementation of these strategies are provided. The “bottom up” approach combines the standard uncertainties associated with each stage of the entire measurement procedure. The “top down” approach combines the uncertainties associated with day to day reproducibility and possible bias in the complete data set and is easy to use. For analytical methods that are routinely used, laboratories will have access to the information required to calculate the uncertainty from archived quality assurance data. The determination of trace elements in seawater is a significant analytical challenge and iron is used as an example for the implementation of both approaches using real oceanographic data. Relative expanded uncertainties of 10 – 20% were estimated for both approaches compared with a typical short term precision (rsd) of less than or equal to 5%.
The anti-de Sitter supergeometry revisited
Creators: name: Koning, Nowar E.
name: Kuzenko, Sergei M.
name: Raptakis, Emmanouil S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a supergravity framework, the $\cal N$-extended anti-de Sitter (AdS) superspace in four spacetime dimensions, $\text{AdS}^{4|4\cal N} $, is a maximally symmetric background that is described by a curved superspace geometry with structure group $\mathsf{SL}(2, \mathbb{C}) \times \mathsf{U}({\cal N})$. On the other hand, within the group-theoretic setting, $\text{AdS}^{4|4{\cal N}} $ is realised as the coset superspace $\mathsf{OSp}({\cal N}|4;\mathbb{R}) /\big[ \mathsf{SL}(2, \mathbb{C}) \times \mathsf{O}({\cal N}) \big]$, with its structure group being $\mathsf{SL}(2, \mathbb{C}) \times \mathsf{O}({\cal N})$. Here we explain how the two frameworks are related. We give two explicit realisations of $\text{AdS}^{4|4{\cal N}} $ as a conformally flat superspace, thus extending the ${\cal N}=1$ and ${\cal N}=2$ results available in the literature. As applications, we describe: (i) a two-parameter deformation of the $\text{AdS}^{4|4{\cal N}} $ interval and the corresponding superparticle model; (ii) some implications of conformal flatness for superconformal higher-spin multiplets and an effective action generating the $\mathcal{N}=2$ super-Weyl anomaly; and (iii) $κ$-symmetry of the massless AdS superparticle.
description: 35 pages; v2: comments and references added; v3: published version
title: A swing in the forest
Creators: name: Haldoupis, Nicole
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04haebc03
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: This young adult novel investigates girlhood and coming-of-age through a supernatural lens. The novel follows an anxious preteen protagonist named Paul (short for Paulina). Paul’s parents sign her up for a summer-long arts camp where she develops an unhealthy obsession with one of her counsellors, Gabriel. When her best friend, Nora, joins her at the camp, Nora thrives with the artsy kids while Paul remains isolated and can’t seem to fit in, causing a rift between the two girls. Paul notices strange behaviour from Gabriel and begins to suspect that he might not be who he says he is. She gathers evidence to figure out what’s really going on with him and to win her best friend back—she needs Nora and their friendship to solve this. Lycanthropy is used to explore themes of communication, isolation, mental health, liminal spaces, gender and queerness, domestic violence, the climate crisis, feminism, and the uncomfortable transformation of puberty.
Quantum Gravitational Hair in Gravastars and Observational Tests
Creators: name: Perrucci, Italo
name: Kuipers, Folkert
name: Casadio, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the effective field theory of quantum gravity at second order in curvature, we calculate quantum corrections to the metric of gravastars and the closely related dark energy stars. We find that the quantum corrections in the exterior region depend on the equation of state of the gravastar, thus providing an example of quantum gravitational hair. We continue by calculating the induced quantum corrections to the photon sphere and the bending of light rays in the weak field regime. These corrections, albeit Planck scale suppressed, allow in principle to distinguish these objects from black holes observationally.
description: 15 pages
Physical Origins of Outflowing Cold Clouds in Local Star-forming Dwarf Galaxies
Creators: name: Peng, Zixuan
name: Martin, Crystal L.
name: Chen, Zirui
name: Fielding, Drummond B.
name: Xu, Xinfeng
name: Heckman, Timothy
name: Ramambason, Lise
name: Li, Yuan
name: Carr, Cody
name: Hu, Weida
name: Chen, Zuyi
name: Scarlata, Claudia
name: Henry, Alaina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the physical origins of outflowing cold clouds in a sample of 14 low-redshift dwarf ($M_{\ast} \lesssim 10^{10}$ $M_{\odot}$) galaxies from the COS Legacy Archive Spectroscopic SurveY (CLASSY) using Keck/ESI data. Outflows are traced by broad (FWHM ~ 260 $\rm{km}$ $\rm{s^{-1}}$) and very-broad (VB; FWHM ~ 1200 $\rm{km}$ $\rm{s^{-1}}$) velocity components in strong emission lines like [O III] $λ5007$ and $\rm{H}α$. The maximum velocities ($v_{\rm{max}}$) of broad components correlate positively with SFR, unlike the anti-correlation observed for VB components, and are consistent with superbubble models. In contrast, supernova-driven galactic wind models better reproduce the $v_{\rm{max}}$ of VB components. Direct radiative cooling from a hot wind significantly underestimates the luminosities of both broad and VB components. A multi-phase wind model with turbulent radiative mixing reduces this discrepancy to at least one dex for most VB components. Stellar photoionization likely provides additional energy since broad components lie in the starburst locus of excitation diagnostic diagrams. We propose a novel interpretation of outflow origins in star-forming dwarf galaxies$-$broad components trace expanding superbubble shells, while VB components originate from galactic winds. One-zone photoionization models fail to explain the low-ionization lines ([S II] and [O I]) of broad components near the maximal starburst regime, which two-zone photoionization models with density-bounded channels instead reproduce. These two-zone models indicate anisotropic leakage of Lyman continuum photons through low-density channels formed by expanding superbubbles. Our study highlights extreme outflows ($v_{\rm{max}} \gtrsim 1000$ $\rm{km}$ $\rm{s^{-1}}$) in 9 out of 14 star-forming dwarf galaxies, comparable to AGN-driven winds.
description: 42 pages, 22 figures, 7 tables. This is the revised version submitted to ApJ, incorporating changes based on the first round of referee feedback
Sonderteil: STAAT MONGOLEI
Creators: name: Siemers, Günter
Publisher: name: China aktuell
Year: 2019

description: Am 30.Juni fand in der Mongolei eine Parlamentswahl statt - die zweite nach Inkrafttreten der neuen Verfassung von 1992 und die dritte unter demokratischen Vorzeichen. Bei der ersten dieser Wahlen, 1990, wurde nach einer Änderung der letzten kommunistischen Verfassung ein 2-Kammer-Parlament gewählt, bei der Wahl 1992 ebenso wie jetzt ein 76 Sitze umfassendes 1-Kammer- Parlament, der "State Ikh Khural".
description: China aktuell, China aktuell - August 1996
Tibet
Creators: name: Wonneberger, Karen
Publisher: name: China aktuell
Year: 2019

description: Bei der folgenden Kurzbibliographie handelt es sich um einen Auszug aus der Datenbank der Übersee-Dokumentation im Deutschen Übersee-Institut. Die Übersee-Dokumentation ist Mitglied im „Fachinformationsverbünd Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde“.
description: China aktuell, China aktuell - August 1996
title: Zweijahresbericht 2021/2022 / KDEE
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 333
subject: 350
subject: 600
subject: Jahresbericht
subject: Universität Kassel. Kompetenzzentrum für Dezentrale Elektrische Energieversorgungstechnik

description: Das Kompetenzzentrum für Dezentrale Elektrische Energieversorgungstechnik (KDEE) befasst sich mit geräteorientierter Energiesystemtechnik für die Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien mit besonderem Schwerpunkt bei der Stromrichtertechnik in Hybridsystemen, im Verteilnetz und bei dezentraler Energiewandlung sowie in mobilen Energieversorgungssystemen.
technokratisches Manifest: Jiang Zemins Grundsatzrede über die "Zwölf Beziehungen"
Creators: name: Heilmann, Sebastian
Publisher: name: China aktuell
Year: 2019

description: Zum Abschluß der jüngsten Plenartagung des Zentralkomitees der KPCh am 28. September hat Partei- und Staatschef Jiang Zemin seine bislang wohl bedeutendste Rede gehalten. Jiangs Ausführungen über "Die korrekte Behandlung einiger wichtiger Beziehungen im sozialistischen Modemisierungsaufbau" wurden von den chinesischen Medien - vermutlich wegen des bei politischen Grundsatzdokumenten üblichen komplizierten Konsultations- und Umlaufverfahrens - erst mit Verzögerung veröffentlicht.
description: China aktuell, China aktuell - Oktober 1995
Data taking strategy for $ψ(3770)$ and $Υ(4S)$ branching fraction measurements at $e^+e^-$ colliders
Creators: name: Li, Jiaxin
name: Hou, Xiantao
name: Ma, Junli
name: Yuan, Changzheng
name: Wang, Xiaolong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $ψ(3770)$ and $Υ(4S)$ states predominantly decay into open-flavor meson pairs, whereas the decays of $ψ(3770) \to \mbox{\text{non}-}D\bar{D}$ and $Υ(4S) \to \mbox{\text{non}-}B\bar{B}$ are rare but crucial for elucidating the inner structure and decay dynamics of heavy quarkonium states. To achieve precise branching fraction measurements for $ψ(3770) \to \mbox{\text{non}-}D\bar{D}$ and $Υ(4S) \to \mbox{\text{non}-}B\bar{B}$ decays at the high luminosity $e^+e^-$ annihilation experiments, we employed Monte Carlo simulations and Fisher information to evaluate various data taking scenarios, ultimately determining the optimal scheme. The consistent results of both methodologies indicate that the optimal energy points for studies of $ψ(3770) \to \mbox{\text{non}-}D\bar{D}$ decays are $3.769~\gev$ and $3.781~\gev$, whereas those for $Υ(4S) \to \mbox{\text{non}-}B\bar{B}$ decays are $10.574~\gev$ and $10.585~\gev$. In addition, we studied the dependence of the precision in branching fraction measurements on the integrated luminosity, with the branching fractions spanning several orders of magnitude.
Coordination of impedance controllers and flexible power for curative congestion management in real-time applications
Creators: name: Pohl, Oliver
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Curative congestion management
subject: Flexible AC transmission systems
subject: Hardware-in-the-loop
subject: Multi-Agent system
subject: 620
subject: Energieversorgungsnetz

description: As the share of feed-in from renewable energy sources rises in German electricity grids, established preventive congestion management processes are called into question. Curative congestion management may increase the utilization of already existing grid capacity without the large investments necessary for conventional grid expansion. The curative paradigm shift requires fast reacting remedial measures, such as innovative power flow controlling devices, as well as reliable algorithms to determine and activate them in due time. This work shows how an automated system can coordinate distributed FACTS devices, that influence a power line's series reactance, and active power from flexible units to solve line overloads in high voltage grids. First, linear sensitivities for gradual reactance changes are derived. Based on this, an optimization and a heuristic approach for automated curative coordination of both types of remedial measures is conceptualized as well as implemented and tested in simulations. Then, the heuristic approach is implemented within a distributed agent-based control algorithm, along with fallback strategies to be executed if agent communication fails. This system is then tested in a laboratory setup to evaluate its real-time applicability. The laboratory setup consists of multiple (Power) Hardware-in-the-Loop modules to create an experimental environment considering many real-world factors that are usually neglected in software simulations. This way, not just the agent algorithm itself, but also the influence of communication delays, reaction times of real power flow controlling devices as well as the integration into a control center environment are evaluated.
A comprehensive study of type I (thermonuclear) bursts in the new transient SRGA J144459.2$-$604207
Creators: name: Fu, Tao
name: Li, Zhaosheng
name: Pan, Yuanyue
name: Ji, Long
name: Chen, Yupeng
name: Kuiper, Lucien
name: Galloway, Duncan K.
name: Falanga, Maurizio
name: Xu, Renxin
name: Li, Xiaobo
name: Ge, Mingyu
name: Song, L. M.
name: Zhang, Shu
name: Zhang, Shuang-Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an analysis of Insight-HXMT observations of the newly discovered accreting millisecond pulsar SRGA J144459.2$-$604207. During the outburst, detected in 2024 February by SRG/ART-XC, the broadband persistent spectrum was well fitted by an absorbed Comptonization model. We detected 60 type I X-ray bursts in the Insight-HXMT medium energy (ME) data, and 37 were also detected with the low-energy (LE) telescope. By superimposing the Insight-HXMT/LE/ME/HE light curves of 37 bursts with similar profiles and intensities, we measured a deficit of X-rays in the $40-70$ keV energy band. By analyzing the time-resolved X-ray burst spectra, we determine the mean ratio of persistent to burst flux of $α=71\pm7$. We estimate the average hydrogen mass fraction in the fuel at ignition, as $\bar{X} =0.342\pm0.033$, and constrain the burst fuel composition as $X_0\leq0.4$. We found that 14 out of 60 X-ray bursts exhibited photospheric expansion, and thus we estimated the distance to the source as $10.0\pm0.71$ kpc. Combined with IXPE observations, the burst recurrence time increased from 1.55 to 8 hr as the local mass accretion rate decreased, which can be described as $ΔT_{\rm rec}\sim \dot{m}^{-0.91\pm0.02}$.
description: Published in ApJ
Waveform Reconstruction of Core-Collapse Supernova Gravitational Waves with Improved Multisynchrosqueezing Transform
Creators: name: Yuan, Yong
name: Wang, Ao-Ran
name: Li, Zhuo-Tao
name: Yu, Gang
name: Lü, Hou-Jun
name: Xu, Peng
name: Fan, Xi-Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational waves (GWs) from core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) have been proposed as a means to probe the internal physical properties of supernovae. However, due to their complex time-frequency structure, effectively searching for and extracting GW signals from CCSNe remains an unsolved challenge. In this paper, we apply the improved multisynchrosqueezing transform (IMSST) method to reconstruct simulated GW data based on the advanced LIGO (aLIGO) and Einstein Telescope (ET) detectors. These data are generated by the magnetorotational and neutrino-driven mechanisms, and we use the match score as the criterion for evaluating the quality of the reconstruction. To assess whether the reconstructed waveforms correspond to true GW signals, we calculate the false alarm probability of reconstruction (FAPR). For GW sources located at 10 kpc and datasets where the waveform amplitudes are normalized to $5 \times 10^{-21}$ observed by aLIGO, FAPR are $2.1 \times 10^{-2}$ and $6.2 \times 10^{-3}$, respectively. For GW sources at 100 kpc and with waveform amplitudes normalized to $5 \times 10^{-21}$ observed by ET, FAPR are $1.3 \times 10^{-1}$ and $1.5 \times 10^{-2}$, respectively. When the gravitational wave strain reaches $7 \times 10^{-21}$ and the match score threshold is set to 0.75, the IMSST method achieves maximum reconstruction distances of approximately 37 kpc and 317 kpc for aLIGO and ET, respectively. Finally, we compared the performance of IMSST and STFT in waveform reconstruction based on the ET. The results show that the maximum reconstructable distance using STFT is 186 kpc.
A comprehensive interpretable machine learning framework for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's disease diagnosis
Creators: name: Vlontzou, Maria Eleftheria
name: Athanasiou, Maria
name: Dalakleidi, Kalliopi
name: Skampardoni, Ioanna
name: Davatzikos, Christos
name: Nikita, Konstantina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An interpretable machine learning (ML) framework is introduced to enhance the diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) by ensuring robustness of the ML models' interpretations. The dataset used comprises volumetric measurements from brain MRI and genetic data from healthy individuals and patients with MCI/AD, obtained through the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. The existing class imbalance is addressed by an ensemble learning approach, while various attribution-based and counterfactual-based interpretability methods are leveraged towards producing diverse explanations related to the pathophysiology of MCI/AD. A unification method combining SHAP with counterfactual explanations assesses the interpretability techniques' robustness. The best performing model yielded 87.5% balanced accuracy and 90.8% F1-score. The attribution-based interpretability methods highlighted significant volumetric and genetic features related to MCI/AD risk. The unification method provided useful insights regarding those features' necessity and sufficiency, further showcasing their significance in MCI/AD diagnosis.
Capital Punishment in China: Towards Effective Public Policy and Law
Creators: name: Jiang, Lilou
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020
Subjects: Capital Punishment
Confucianism
Torture
Wrongful Convictions
China

description: Based on an examination of the rationality and moral legitimacy of capital punishment in China, this research depicts the evolution of the Chinese death penalty law and policy from 1979 onwards; investigates the institutional and procedural shortcomings that lead to pre-trial torture, wrongful convictions, and executions of innocent or vulnerable people; and explores the prospects for restricting the application of the death penalty in retentionist China by focusing on feasible legal and policy changes to assure fair trials in capital cases. The key research questions to be addressed are: why capital punishment persists in China in an age of abolition; and if the abolition cannot be achieved in the foreseeable future, what reforms should be introduced to prevent miscarriage of justice? This research finds that the Confucian theory of punishment constitutes a compelling unified theoretical framework and establishes solid philosophical and ethical foundations for the introduction and persistence of capital punishment in China. Responding to the concerns expressed by and pressure from the international human rights community together with domestic calls for more caution in meting out capital punishment, China has launched a series of reforms in the death penalty regime since the middle of 2000’s which has resulted in a significant reduction in the use of the death penalty. However, it is also observed that: capital offenders with mental illness are at a substantial disadvantage in receiving psychiatric assessment and thus are at a high risk of being sentenced to death; police ill-treatment and torture are rampant due to the deeply-rooted presumption of guilt and the confession-oriented approaches predominantly employed in police investigation practices; and the procedural loophole that suspended death sentence, although being a form of capital punishment, is not subject to review and final approval by the highest judicial authority has in effect condoned arbitrary sentencing in capital cases and consequently exacerbated the miscarriages of justice. It is concluded that the retention of capital punishment in China may be more impervious to abolitionists’ claims than other jurisdictions; hence, to improve its state competence in securing criminal justice, China should promote institutional and procedural changes in line with international human rights standards for protecting the rights of offenders facing the death penalty.
High Precision Binding Energies from Physics Informed Machine Learning
Creators: name: Bentley, Ian
name: Tedder, James
name: Gebran, Marwan
name: Paul, Ayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Twelve physics-informed machine learning models have been trained to model binding energy residuals. Our approach begins with determining the difference between measured experimental binding energies and three different mass models. Then four machine learning approaches are used to train on each energy difference. The most successful ML technique, both in interpolation and extrapolation, is the least squares boosted ensemble of trees. The best model resulting from that technique utilizes eight physical features to model the difference between experimental atomic binding energy values in AME 2012 and the Duflo Zuker mass model. This resulted in a model that fit the training data with a standard deviation of 17 keV and that has a standard deviation of 92 keV when compared all of the values in the AME 2020. The extrapolation capability of each model is discussed, and the accuracy of predicting new mass measurements has also been tested.
description: Version 2 contains edits including those based on referee feedback
Defect density of states of tin oxide and copper oxide p-type thin-film transistors
Creators: name: Mattsson, Måns J.
name: Niang, Kham M.
name: Parker, Jared
name: Meeth, David J.
name: Wager, John F.
name: Flewitt, Andrew J.
name: Graham, Matt W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The complete subgap defect density of states (DoS) is measured using the ultrabroadband (0.15 to 3.5 eV) photoconduction response from p-type thin-film transistors (TFTs) of tin oxide, SnO, and copper oxide, Cu$_2$O. The TFT photoconduction spectra clearly resolve all bandgaps that further show the presence of interfacial and oxidized minority phases. In tin oxide, the SnO majority phase has a small 0.68 eV bandgap enabling ambipolar or p-mode TFT operation. By contrast, in copper oxide TFTs, an oxidized minority phase with a 1.4 eV bandgap corresponding to CuO greatly reduces the channel hole mobility at the charge accumulation region. Three distinct subgap DoS peaks are resolved for the copper oxide TFT and are best ascribed to copper vacancies, oxygen-on-copper antisites, and oxygen interstitials. For tin oxide TFTs, five subgap DoS peaks are observed and are similarly linked to tin vacancies, oxygen vacancies, and oxygen interstitials. Unipolar p-type TFT is achieved in tin oxide only when the conduction band-edge defect density peak ascribed to oxygen interstitials is large enough to suppress any n-mode conduction. Near the valence band edge in both active channel materials, the metal vacancy peak densities determine the hole concentrations, which further simulate the observed TFT threshold voltages.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Modalitäten des Arzt- Patienten-Verhältnisses in China
Creators: name: Weggel, Oskar
Publisher: name: China aktuell
Year: 2019

description: Seit im Dezember 1978 Reformen in der VR China eingeleitet wurden, beginnt sich das Vorfeld des Arzt-Patienten-Verhältnisses langsam jenen Bedingungen anzunähem, wie sie sich in den Gesellschaften der westlichen Welt längst herausgebildet haben. Es ist die "sozialistische Marktwirtschaft", die hierfür die Determinanten liefert.
description: China aktuell, China aktuell - September 1995
Deng Xiaoping
Creators: name: Liu, Jen-Kai
Publisher: name: China aktuell
Year: 2019

description: Am 1. Oktober 1949 rief Mao Zedong in Beijing die Volksrepublik aus. Der 45jährige Deng Xiaoping stand auf dem Rostrum neben General Liu Bocheng und Chen Yi, Bürgermeister von Shanghai. Im selben Monat erfolgte Deng Xiaopings Ernennung zum Mitglied des Rats der Zentralen Volksregierung und der Revolutionären Militärkommission. Wie so viele chinesische Führer wurde er auch Mitglied des Exekutivausschusses der Chinesisch-Sowjetischen Freundschaftsgesellschaft.
description: China aktuell, China aktuell - September 1995
Immigrants' Sense of Belonging in Diverse Neighbourhoods and Everyday Spaces
Creators: name: Xia, Lily
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020
Subjects: Immigrants
Sense of Belonging
Spaces of Encounter
Neighbourhood Spaces
Ottawa
Canada

description: In this thesis, I examine issues of immigrant belonging, such as feelings of being accepted, recognized, and trusted, as well as having a sense of community and support. The focus is on the context of the neighbourhood in shaping immigrant sense of belonging. Neighbourhoods in Canadian cities are the locus of multiple structural forces – among these the provision of housing, services, infrastructure, and community that contribute to meeting everyday needs and feeling included, but also of discrimination, marginalization, and exclusion through processes of enclosure, neoliberal urban policies, gentrification, and revanchism. In my thesis, I use spaces of encounter as the theoretical framework to examine immigrants’ sense of belonging. Through narratives of belonging and not belonging, I aim to capture the full complexity of immigrants’ sense of belonging. To do so, I adopted a collaborative qualitative approach combining multiple methods, including critical ethnography, descriptive Census data analysis, media analysis, and photovoice interviews with 13 immigrant men and women from diverse countries of origin. The neighbourhood selected for this study is Ledbury-Heron Gate, a low-income, immigrant neighbourhood in Ottawa. Subject to stigmatization and mass evictions, Ledbury-Heron Gate is a contentious space and the site of struggles between residents, mainstream media, developers, and city officials. Yet, many participants have found amenities, mutual support, and solidarity in the neighbourhood that they have come to appreciate and value. I present a narrative of Ledbury-Heron Gate that is not portrayed elsewhere, a complex and sometimes contradictory story of belonging and not belonging. My findings reveal that sense of belonging is not simple, and there can be simultaneous feelings of comfort and recognition combined with resentment and fear. I emphasize the participants’ accounts of agency and knowledge among the residents of iii Ledbury-Heron Gate and their ability to create spaces where they can build community and solidarity. Yet, they encounter challenges such as (in)accessibility, discrimination, and disinvestment. Based on the narratives that I will recount in this thesis, it will become clear that the participants are keenly aware of the barriers that they face; yet they refuse to let these determine their sense of belonging and support for one another. Their efforts, with proper structural support from various levels of government, local institutions, and NGOs, hold the potential to transform spaces of encounter into spaces of empowerment and connection. Their complex and at times contradicting narratives of sense of belonging and experiences of exclusion show the nuances that come from being an immigrant trying to belong to a place that is not always inclusive.
Scaterring of Massless Quasiparticles in the 3He-A Superfluid
Creators: name: Carvalho, Alexandre M. de M.
name: Marques, Alisson S.
name: Silva, Glauber T.
name: Garcia, Gabriel Q.
name: Furtado, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we analyze the scattering of fermionic quasiparticles in the presence of radial disgyrations and symmetric vortices in the superfluid 3He-A. We consider a Volovik analog model for the description of these defects and investigate the scattering of fermionic quasiparticles in this background. Furthermore, we solve the massless Dirac equation employing this methodology to gain comprehensive insights into the scattering phenomena and its dependence on the geometric properties. These results validate the optical theorem and highlight the role of defect topology in the scattering process.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures
Macht und Ohnmacht des Militärs im Zeitalter der Reformen
Creators: name: Weggel, Oskar
Publisher: name: China aktuell
Year: 2019

description: Die Reformer stehen vor der schwierigen Aufgabe, zwei extreme Auffassungen zur Stellung der Streitkräfte im politischen System unter einen Hut zu bringen, und zwar die traditionelle Auffassung, derzufolge die Armee (fast) nichts, und die maoistische Konzeption, für die das Militär (in Gestalt der "Volksbefreiungsarmee") fast alles bedeutete.
description: China aktuell, China aktuell - September 1995
Multiplexed Metasurfaces for Diffractive Optics via Phase Correlation Method
Creators: name: Xiang, Chenxuan
name: Qiu, Jumin
name: Liu, Qiegen
name: Xiao, Shuyuan
name: Liu, Tingting
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multiplexing capability of metasurfaces has been successfully demonstrated in applications such as holography and diffractive neural networks. However, identifying a suitable structure that simultaneously satisfies the phase requirements across multiple channels remains a significant challenge in many multiplexing design scenarios. In this study, we propose an innovative phase correlation method for metasurface multiplexing design that utilizes a multi-layer perceptron to establish phase correlations across multiple channels. This approach reduces the difficulty of multi-channel phase training by converting it into a simpler single-channel optimization task, thereby reducing design complexity and computational cost. Using the proposed method, we design a dual-wavelength multiplexed diffractive neural network and a multi-wavelength metasurface color holography under a linear polarization. The designed multiplexed metasurface achieves up to 90% classification accuracy in image recognition and exhibits good performance in color holography.
Die Provinz Hainan Wirtschaft, Geographie, Gesellschaft
Creators: name: Krieg, Renate
name: Müller, Gunda
name: Schädler, Monika
name: Liu, Jen-Kai
Publisher: name: China aktuell
Year: 2019

description: Hainan ("südlich des Meeres"), auch Qiongya ("Jadeklippen") genannt, liegt gegenüber der Guangdonger Halbinsel Leizhou im Südchinesischen Meer. Die Insel vereint mehrere Superlative in sich: Sie ist die jüngste Provinz Chinas, bis März 1988 gehörte sie zur Provinz Guangdong. Sie ist die südlichste Provinz Chinas und die größte Insel der Volksrepublik China. Ihre Gesamtfläche entspricht der Fläche Nordrhein-Westfalens und 0,4% der Fläche Chinas. Zum Administrationsgebiet der Provinz gehören zudem 20.000 qkm des Südchinesischen Meeres mit etwa 200 Inseln, einschließlich der Spratly-Inseln.
description: China aktuell, China aktuell - August 1996
Geopolitischer Akteur oder Randfigur?
Creators: name: Lavio, Dirk
Publisher: name: China aktuell
Year: 2019

description: Mit dem Zerfall der Sowjetunion im Jahre 1991 hat Zentralasien auf einen Schlag neue geopolitische Bedeutung gewonnen. In einem strategisch heiklen Gebiet, zwischen den Giganten Rußland und China, an der Nahtstelle des islamischen, europäischen und fernöstlichen Kulturraums sowie in der Nachbarschaft Irans und des Bürgerkriegslandes Afghanistan, betraten fünf neue Staaten die Bühne der internationalen Politik - Kasachstan, Kirgistan, Usbekistan, Tadschikistan und Turkmenistan.
description: China aktuell, China aktuell - August 1996