cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Measurement of Diffuse Submarine Groundwater Discharge at intertidal puddles at the Königshafen - Sylt
Creators: name:  Janßen ,  Sebastian
name:  Nozik ,  Alexandra
name:  Mallast ,  Ulf
name:  Moosdorf ,  Nils
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: Coastal regions represent a transition between land and sea. From the hydro(geo)logical point of view freshwater and saltwater are coming together here. The groundwater discharge which discharges directly into the sea is called submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). At the regional scale, SGD is often measured indirectly based on tracers. At the local scale, SGD flux over time can be measured directly, e.g. using seepage meters. However, this method only represents the punctual source of discharge. Especially to record the diffusive discharge locations, a new method which focuses on the puddles in intertidal areas as potential diffusive discharge locations was developed. There, the salinity and water depth were observed at different puddle locations over time. Moreover, photos were taken in order to get information about the changing area of the puddle. From these data we calculated a water budget to show how much submarine groundwater discharges at the measured puddle. The results show a geographically and temporal variability of the SGD in the mudflat of the south of Königshafen on Sylt. The diffusive discharge locations were primarily located at the beginning of the intertidal zone. In order to support the new method, two additional pore water measurements were conducted at each puddle. The salinity of the pore waters were freshening with increasing depth here. The presented method can help to transfer the observed data of SGD to a regional scale.
From rethoric to reality: the need to regulate humanitarian accountability to beneficiaries
Creators: name: Soto, Miguel
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2005
Subjects: accountability
armed forces
United Nations
human rights violations
humanitarian assistance
humanitarian intervention
peacekeeping forces

description: Second semester University: Ruhr-University Bochum.
description: The impact of the Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda was considerable in raising awareness among the humanitarian community on the necessity to adopt quality standards and principles in their performance and be accountable to their beneficiaries. Quality and accountability standards have been widely integrated into the policies of humanitarian organisations. However, humanitarian organisations’ performance has not always reflected compliance with these commitments, and thus, sometimes they have caused serious harm to the people whose suffering they intend to alleviate. This was the case in the 2002 scandal of sexual exploitation and abuse of refugee girls and women by aid workers in West Africa. The humanitarian community is well aware of its accountability deficit to its beneficiaries; however, there is not much consensus on how to fill this gap between rhetoric and reality. Is it by including specific standards in order to strengthen accountability to beneficiaries? Or by supporting technically and strategically humanitarian organisations to be accountable to their beneficiaries? Is it by creating a ‘watchdog’ organisation with the power to monitor, evaluate and sanction their non-compliance with this responsibility? Or is it by letting humanitarian organisations self-regulate their performance regarding accountability to their beneficiaries? Considering these issues, the author analyses the advantages and disadvantages of each solution. One thing is for certain, though, in emergency situations there is an imbalance of power between humanitarian actors and their intended beneficiaries. Thus, with power comes responsibility and with responsibility comes accountability
Continuity of derivatives of a convex solution to a perturbed one-Laplace equation by $p$-Laplacian
Creators: name: Giga, Yoshikazu
name: Tsubouchi, Shuntaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a one-Laplace equation perturbed by $p$-Laplacian with $1
description: 29 Pages, including Appendix
High-Dimensional Multivariate Time Series With Additional Structure
Creators: name: Schweinberger, Michael
name: Babkin, Sergii
name: Ensor, Katherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: High-dimensional multivariate time series are challenging due to the dependent and high-dimensional nature of the data, but in many applications there is additional structure that can be exploited to reduce computing time along with statistical error. We consider high-dimensional vector autoregressive processes with spatial structure, a simple and common form of additional structure. We propose novel high-dimensional methods that take advantage of such structure without making model assumptions about how distance affects dependence. We provide non-asymptotic bounds on the statistical error of parameter estimators in high-dimensional settings and show that the proposed approach reduces the statistical error. An application to air pollution in the US demonstrates that the estimation approach reduces both computing time and prediction error and gives rise to results that are meaningful from a scientific point of view, in contrast to high-dimensional methods that ignore spatial structure. In practice, these high-dimensional methods can be used to decompose high-dimensional multivariate time series into lower-dimensional multivariate time series that can be studied by other methods in more depth.
Opportunities and challenges of big data for the social sciences: The case of genomic data
Creators: name: Liu, Hexuan
name: Guo, Guang
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: In this paper, we draw attention to one unique and valuable source of big data, genomic data, by demonstrating the opportunities they provide to social scientists. We discuss different types of large-scale genomic data and recent advances in statistical methods and computational infrastructure used to address challenges in managing and analyzing such data. We highlight how these data and methods can be used to benefit social science research.
Probing the horizon of black holes with gravitational waves
Creators: name: Maggio, Elisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational waves open the possibility to investigate the nature of compact objects and probe the horizons of black holes. Some models of modified gravity predict the presence of horizonless and singularity-free compact objects. Such dark compact objects would emit a gravitational-wave signal which differs from the standard black hole scenario. In this chapter, we overview the phenomenology of dark compact objects by analysing their characteristic frequencies in the ringdown and the emission of gravitational-wave echoes in the postmerger signal. We show that future gravitational-wave detectors will allow us to perform model-independent tests of the black hole paradigm.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, contribution to the book "Modified and Quantum Gravity - From theory to experimental searches on all scales"
Topological Phononic Crystals with One-Way Elastic Edge Waves
Creators: name: Wang, Pai
name: Lu, Ling
name: Bertoldi, Katia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a new type of phononic crystals with topologically non-trivial bandgaps for both longitudinal and transverse polarizations, resulting in protected one-way elastic edge waves. In our design, gyroscopic inertial effects are used to break the time-reversal symmetry and realize the phononic analogue of the electronic quantum Hall effect. We investigate the response of both hexagonal and square gyroscopic lattices and observe bulk Chern number of 1 and 2, indicating that these structures support single and multi-mode edge elastic waves immune to back-scattering. These robust one-way phononic waveguides could potentially lead to the design of a novel class of surface wave devices that are widely used in electronics, telecommunication and acoustic imaging.
Spectrum of SU(2) gauge theory at large number of flavors
Creators: name: Rantaharju, Jarno
name: Rindlisbacher, Tobias
name: Rummukainen, Kari
name: Salami, Ahmed
name: Tuominen, Kimmo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a numerical study of the spectrum of an asymptotically non-free $SU(2)$ gauge theory with $N_f=24$ massive fermion flavors. For such large number of flavors, asymptotic freedom is lost and the massless theory is governed by a gaussian fixed point at long distances. If fermions are massive they decouple at low energy scales and the theory is confining. We present a scaling law for the masses of the hadrons, glueballs and string tension as functions of fermion mass. The hadrons become effectively heavy quark systems, with masses approximately twice the fermion mass, whereas the energy scale of the confinement, probed by e.g. the string tension, is much smaller and vanishes asymptotically as $m_\text{fermion}^{2.18}$. Our results from lattice simulations are compatible with this behaviour.
When love meets hate: The relationship between state policies on gay and lesbian rights and hate crime incidence
Creators: name: Levy, Brian L.
name: Levy, Denise L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Do public policies on gay and lesbian rights affect the incidence of hate crimes based on sexual orientation? We propose that legal inequalities increase hate crimes because they provide discursive opportunities for bias, discrimination, and violence. Legal equality, however, will reduce violence. Using annual panel data from 2000 to 2012, a period of substantial policy change, we analyze how three state policies affect reported hate crimes: same-sex partnerships, employment non-discrimination, and hate crime laws. Hate crime and employment non-discrimination laws that include sexual orientation reduce hate crime incidence. Partnership recognition increases reported hate crimes, though it may not increase actual crime incidence. Because incidence is spatially correlated, policy changes in one state yield spillover benefits in other states. These results provide some of the first quantitative evidence that public policies affect hate crimes based on sexual orientation. Findings confirm the roles of institutional heterosexism and discursive opportunities in producing hate crimes.
Commutative $C^*$-algebras generated by Toeplitz operators on the super unit ball
Creators: name: Quiroga-Barranco, R.
name: Sánchez-Nungaray, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47B35, 58C50, 32M15

description: We extend known results about commutative $C^*$-algebras generated Toeplitz operators over the unit ball to the supermanifold setup. This is obtained by constructing commutative $C^*$-algebras of super Toeplitz operators over the super ball $\mathbb{B}^{p|q}$ and the super Siegel domain $\mathbb{U}^{p|q}$ that naturally generalize the previous results for the unit ball and the Siegel domain. In particular, we obtain one such commutative $C^*$-algebra for each even maximal Abelian subgroup of automorphisms of the super ball.
description: To appear in Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras
Asteroseismic Inversions for Internal Sound Speed Profiles of Main-sequence Stars with Radiative Cores
Creators: name: Buchele, Lynn
name: Bellinger, Earl P.
name: Hekker, Saskia
name: Basu, Sarbani
name: Ball, Warrick
name: Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theoretical oscillation frequencies of even the best asteroseismic models of solar-like oscillators show significant differences from observed oscillation frequencies. Structure inversions seek to use these frequency differences to infer the underlying differences in stellar structure. While used extensively to study the Sun, structure inversion results for other stars have so far been limited. Applying sound-speed inversions to more stars allows us to probe stellar theory over a larger range of conditions, as well as look for overall patterns that may hint at deficits in our current understanding. To that end, we present structure inversion results for 12 main-sequence solar-type stars with masses between 1M$_\odot$ and 1.15M$_\odot$. Our inversions are able to infer differences in the isothermal sound speed in the innermost 30% by radius of our target stars. In half of our target stars, the structure of our best-fit model fully agrees with the observations. In the remainder, the inversions reveal significant differences between the sound-speed profile of the star and that of the model. We find five stars where the sound speed in the core of our stellar models is too low and one star showing the opposite behavior. For the two stars which our inversions reveal the most significant differences, we examine whether changing the microphysics of our models improves them and find that changes to nuclear reaction rates or core opacities can reduce, but do not fully resolve, the differences.
description: 24 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Experimental quantum natural gradient optimization in photonics
Creators: name: Wang, Yizhi
name: Xue, Shichuan
name: Wang, Yaxuan
name: Ding, Jiangfang
name: Shi, Weixu
name: Wang, Dongyang
name: Liu, Yong
name: Liu, Yingwen
name: Fu, Xiang
name: Huang, Guangyao
name: Huang, Anqi
name: Deng, Mingtang
name: Wu, Junjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) combining the advantages of parameterized quantum circuits and classical optimizers, promise practical quantum applications in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum era. The performance of VQAs heavily depends on the optimization method. Compared with gradient-free and ordinary gradient descent methods, the quantum natural gradient (QNG), which mirrors the geometric structure of the parameter space, can achieve faster convergence and avoid local minima more easily, thereby reducing the cost of circuit executions. We utilized a fully programmable photonic chip to experimentally estimate the QNG in photonics for the first time. We obtained the dissociation curve of the He-H$^+$ cation and achieved chemical accuracy, verifying the outperformance of QNG optimization on a photonic device. Our work opens up a vista of utilizing QNG in photonics to implement practical near-term quantum applications.
Three-body continuum wave functions with a box boundary condition
Creators: name: Garrido, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we investigate the connection between discretized three-body continuum wave functions, in particular via a box boundary condition, and the wave functions computed with the correct asymptotics. The three-body wave functions are in both cases obtained by means of the adiabatic expansion method. The information concerning all the possible incoming and outgoing channels, which appears naturally when the continuum is not discretized, seems to be lost when the discretization is implemented. In this work we show that both methods are fully equivalent, and the full information contained in the three-body wave function is actually preserved in the discrete spectrum. Therefore, in those cases when the asymptotic behaviour is not known analytically, i.e., when the Coulomb interaction is involved, the discretization technique can be safely used.
description: to be published in Few-body Systems
title: Highlight report
title: Protection of cholestatic livers by shunting of bile from canaliculi to sinusoids
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Abbass, Tahany
name: Murad, Walaa
name: Seddek, Abdel-Latif
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 610

description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 17 2018
title: In-situ trace element and S isotope systematics in porphyry-epithermal pyrite, Limnos Island, Greece
Creators: name:  Börner ,  Frederik
name:  Keith ,  Manuel
name:  Bücker ,  Jonas
name:  Voudouris ,  Panagiotis
name:  Haase ,  Karsten
name:  Klemd ,  Reiner
name:  Kutzschbach ,  Martin
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: A more sustainable society with CO2 neutral energy production requires substantial amounts of trace metal(loids). However, our understanding about the fractionation processes of these elements between the epithermal and porphyry environment is still limited, but may be essential to secure the future supply of these rare commodities. The porphyry-epithermal mineralization on Limnos (Fakos, Sardes, Kaspakas) show variable Te and related element (e.g., Au, Ag) contents, and therefore represent a natural laboratory to define key fractionation and enrichment processes. Subalkaline to alkaline igneous rocks and siliciclastic sediments host the porphyry-epithermal mineralization on Limnos. Pyrite, magnetite and minor chalcopyrite dominate the porphyry mineralization, whereas the epithermal stage comprises pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite together with minor sulfosalts (e.g. enargite, tetrahedrite-tennantite, bournonite), tellurides and native Au. Pyrite is ubiquitous in most alteration-types and its chemical composition, therefore provides insights into mineralization processes at variable fluid conditions. Epithermal pyrite is enriched in most trace elements (e.g., As, Ag, Sb, Au, Pb, Tl) compared to porphyry pyrite (Se-bearing), most likely caused by a more favorable mineralization process in the epithermal environment. However, Te shows no systematic variation between porphyry and epithermal pyrite, which we refer to its competitive incorporation between pyrite, galena, sulfosalts and tellurides in the epithermal stage. Sulfur isotope variations in pyrite report on the contribution of magmatic and meteoric fluids in variable proportion between different mineralizations on Limnos. We present a hydrothermal model based on the mineralogical and chemical data, defining key fractionation processes for Te and related elements in the porphyry-epithermal environment.
The Potential for Savings Accounts to Protect Young-Adult Households from Unsecured Debt in Periods of Macroeconomic Stability and Decline
Creators: name: Friedline, Terri
name: Freeman, Allison
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The effects of different types of debt can vary widely: some debt is considered productive by advancing financial health, while other debt can be unproductive, pushing financial health out of reach. A savings account may be associated with young-adult households’ reduced reliance on unproductive debt and their increased access to productive debt that can facilitate wealth building. This article tests the association between a savings account and debt in the lives of American young adults during periods of macroeconomic stability and decline. Owning a savings account in 1996 was associated with a 14 percent decrease (844) in young − adult households′ accumulated unsecured debt, while closing an accounting 2008 was associated with a 12 percent increase (1,320) in this type of debt. Thus, a savings account may help young adults invest in their debt by entering better, healthier credit markets and protecting them from riskier ones, especially during bad economic times.
The disregarded fundamental principle of distinction in the Syrian conflict: what expectations for the currently deadlocked international criminal justice?
Creators: name: Debaty, Hélène
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: armed conflict
civilian population
international criminal law
international humanitarian law
Syria

description: Second semester University: National University of Ireland, Galway.
description: This thesis explores the unlawful killings targeting civilians taking place in the Syrian noninternational armed conflict, and the options for an action from international criminal justice, almost inactive after six years of conflict. The relevant international humanitarian law dispositions are analysed to identify what crimes and violations of customary international law are committed. Regarding international criminal justice, the different options are developed, their advantages and drawbacks, and, when relevant, the reasons of their current blockage.
Self-similar cosmological solutions in f(R,T) gravity theory
Creators: name: Belinchón, José Antonio
name: González, Carlos
name: Dib, Sami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83C15, 83F05

description: We study the $f(R,T)$ cosmological models under the self-similarity hypothesis. We determine the exact form that each physical and geometrical quantity may take in order that the Field Equations (FE) admit exact self-similar solutions through the matter collineation approach. We study two models: the case$\ f(R,T)=f_{1}(R)+f_{2}(T)$ and the case $f(R,T)=f_{1}(R)+f_{2} (R)f_{3}(T)$. In each case, we state general theorems which determine completely the form of the unknown functions $f_{i}$ such that the field equations admit self-similar solutions. We also state some corollaries as limiting cases. These results are quite general and valid for any homogeneous self-similar metric$.$ In this way, we are able to generate new cosmological scenarios. As examples, we study two cases by finding exact solutions to these particular models.
description: accepted to IJGMMP. Matches the published version. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1407.2013 by other authors
Using culture to finance terrorism : legal deficiencies and perspectives for an enhanced protection of cultural heritage
Creators: name: Chauveau, Léa
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: armed conflict
cultural heritage
cultural property
terrorism

description: Second semester University: Lund University.
description: Pillages have been legitimated for millenniums under the aegis of wars and centuries under colonialism. Pillaging Cultural Heritage of the enemy by removing symbols of its Identity has been on for immemorial times. As Machiavelli stated at the beginning of the 16th century, “whoever becomes master of a City accustomed to living in freedom and does not destroy it, may reckon on being destroy by it”1. The other purpose of pillaging, as demonstrated under the Napoleonic era, was to raise funds to support the war effort. Two hundred years later, attacking enemy's identity and raising funds are both a leitmotiv for terrorist exactions against Cultural Heritage. In 1999, Mohammed Atta, a member of Al Qaeda, tried to sell looted antiquities to fund the terrorist attacks perpetrated two years later in New York2. If western countries are not the same active actors of past pillages, they witness in their auction houses numerous arrivals of cultural objects from Iraq and Syria. Among the many tragedies occurring in the region, the onslaught of the Islamic State has played an important role in the devastation of the region's Cultural Heritage. This paper examines from a legal perspective the different initiatives that have been taken to protect Cultural Property in source countries in Conflict such as Iraq. If the International community has for several years developed the legislation in relation to Cultural Property as a financing source for terrorism, the legislations in place at the domestic level seem to brake its enforcement. The final chapter will thus present alternatives to overcome this lack of enforcement by developing existing systems such as the system of Refuge for Cultural Property or the extension of the Responsibility to Protect principle to Cultural Property.
West Papua and the paradox of plenty : a case study of one of the world's least known conflicts
Creators: name: Johansson, Jamie
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: armed conflict
indigenous peoples
Indonesia
West Papua

description: Second semester University: Ca' Foscari University of Venice.
description: The conflict in West Papua is frequently described as one of the world’s most forgotten conflicts. This thesis is made up of two research questions. The first question aims to understand if the conflict in West Papua has simply been forgotten by the international community or if it is instead more deliberately ignored. The subsequent research question looks to find the causal factors behind the conflict being either forgotten or ignored. The study was carried out through a qualitative case-study combining document based research with semi-structured interviews with West Papuan experts. The combined data was analysed according to Virgil Hawkins theory on what makes stealth conflicts, with the purpose of seeing to what extent the findings of the study correlate to Hawkins theory. The study found that even though the conflict can be considered to never have been known in some parts of the world, the conflict is more deliberately ignored by the international community at large. The conflict in West Papua largely fit Hawkins formula on what makes a conflict be a stealth conflict, with the number one factor behind the conflict in West Papua being largely ignored deriving from the national/political interest of the states making up the international community not acknowledging the conflict. This case study of West Papua shows a severe infringement of the international system, resulting in the victims of ‘forgotten’ conflicts not getting the protection they are entitled to.
An end-to-end calibration of the Mini-EUSO detector in space
Creators: name: Miyamoto, Hiroko
name: Battisti, Matteo
name: Barghini, Dario
name: Belov, Alexander
name: Bertaina, Mario
name: Bianciotto, Marta
name: Bisconti, Francesca
name: Blaksley, Carl
name: Blin, Sylvie
name: Bolmgren, Karl
name: Cambiè, Giorgio
name: Capel, Francesca
name: Casolino, Marco
name: Churilo, Igor
name: De La taille, Christophe
name: Ebisuzaki, Toshikazu
name: Eser, Johannes
name: Fenu, Francesco
name: Filippatos, Geroge
name: Franceschi, Massimo Alberto
name: Fuglesang, Christer
name: Golzio, Alessio
name: Gorodetzky, Philippe
name: Kajino, Fumioshi
name: Kasuga, Hiroshi
name: Klimov, Pavel
name: Kungel, Viktoria
name: Kuznetsov, Vladimir
name: Manfrin, Massimiliano
name: Marcelli, Laura
name: Mascetti, Gabriele
name: Marszał, Włodzimierz
name: Mignone, Marco
name: Murashov, Alexey
name: Napolitano, Tommaso
name: Ohmori, Hitoshi
name: Olinto, Angela
name: Parizot, Etienne
name: Picozza, Piergiorgio
name: Piotrowski, Lech Wiktor
name: Plebaniak, Zbigniew
name: Prévôt, Guillaume
name: Reali, Enzo
name: Ricci, Marco
name: Romoli, Giulia
name: Sakaki, Naoto
name: Sharakin, Sergei
name: Shinozaki, Kenji
name: Szabelski, Jacek
name: Takizawa, Yoshiyuki
name: Valentini, Giovanni
name: Vrabel, Michal
name: Wiencke, Lawrence
name: MikhailZotov
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mini-EUSO is a wide Field-of-View (FoV, 44$^{\circ}$) telescope currently in operation from a nadia-facing UV-transparent window in the Russian Zvezda module on the International Space Station (ISS). It is the first detector of the JEM-EUSO program deployed on the ISS, launched in August 2019. The main goal of Mini-EUSO is to measure the UV emissions from the ground and atmosphere, using an orbital platform. Mini-EUSO is mainly sensitive in the 290-430 nm bandwidth. Light is focused by a system of two Fresnel lenses of 25 cm diameter each on the Photo- Detector-Module (PDM), which consists of an array of 36 Multi-Anode Photomultiplier Tubes (MAPMTs), for a total of 2304 pixels working in photon counting mode, in three different time resolutions of 2.5 $μ$s, 320 $μ$s, 40.96 ms operation in parallel. In the longest time scale, the data is continuously acquired to monitor the UV emission of the Earth. It is best suited for the observation of ground sources and therefore has been used for the observational campaigns of the Mini-EUSO. In this contribution, we present the assembled UV flasher, the operation of the field campaign and the analysis of the obtained data. The result is compared with the overall efficiency computed from the expectations which takes into account the atmospheric attenuation and the parameterization of different effects such as the optics efficiency, the MAPMT detection efficiency, BG3 filter transmittance and the transparency of the ISS window.
Fluid technologies: The Bush Pump, the LifeStraw ® and microworlds of humanitarian design
Creators: name: Redfield, Peter
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Over the past decade, many ingenious, small-scale gadgets have appeared in response to problems of disaster and extreme poverty. Focusing on the LifeStraw ® , a water filtration device invented by the company Vestergaard Frandsen, I situate this wave of humanitarian design relative to Marianne de Laet and Annemarie Mol’s classic article on the Zimbabwe Bush Pump. The LifeStraw shares the Bush Pump’s principle of technical minimalism, as well as its ethical desire to improve the lives of communities. Unlike the pump, however, the straw defines itself through rather than against market logic, accepting the premise that one can ‘do well while doing good’. Moreover, it does not share the assumed framework of de Laet and Mol’s Zimbabwean socio-technical landscape: a postcolonial state happily en route to national self-definition. Nonetheless, it clearly embodies moral affect, if in the idiom of humanitarian concern rather than development. My aim is to open up three interrelated lines of inquiry for discussion. First, I consider aspects of a postcolonial condition at the micro-level of immediate needs, including assumptions about nation-state politics and markets. Second, I emphasize science and technology in the form of infrastructure, the material frontline of norms. Third, I return reflexively to love, and the complicated allure of engagement in academic work.
Critical properties of three-dimensional many-flavour QEDs
Creators: name: Metayer, S.
name: Teber, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review several variants of three-dimensional quantum electrodynamics (QED$_3$) with $N_f$ fermion (or boson) flavors including fermionic (or spinorial) QED$_3$, bosonic (or scalar) QED$_3$, $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetric QED and also models of reduced QED (supersymmetric or not). We begin with an introduction to these models and their flow to a stable infra-red fixed point in the large-$N_f$ limit. We then present detailed state-of-the-art computations of the critical exponents of these models within the dimensional regularization (and reduction) scheme(s), at the next-to-leading order in the $1/N_f$ expansion and in an arbitrary covariant gauge. We finally discuss dynamical (matter) mass generation and the current status of our understanding of the phase structure of these models.
description: LaTeX file with Tikz and feynMF package. 55 pages, 4 figures
Influence of a plasma on the shadow of a spherically symmetric black hole
Creators: name: Perlick, Volker
name: Tsupko, Oleg Yu.
name: Bisnovatyi-Kogan, Gennady S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analytically calculate the influence of a plasma on the shadow of a black hole (or of another compact object). We restrict to spherically symmetric and static situations, where the shadow is circular. The plasma is assumed to be non-magnetized and pressure-less. We derive the general formulas for a spherically symmetric plasma density on an unspecified spherically symmetric and static spacetime. The formalism applies not only to black holes but also, e.g., to wormholes. As examples for the underlying spacetime model, we consider the Schwarzschild spacetime and the Ellis wormhole. In particular, we treat the case that the plasma is in radial free fall from infinity onto a Schwarzschild black hole. The perspectives of actually observing the influence of a plasma on the shadows of supermassive black holes are discussed.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures; minor reformulations, some references added
On the existence of conformal Killing horizons in LRS spacetimes
Creators: name: Sherif, Abbas M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Let $M$ be a locally rotationally symmetric spacetime, and $ξ^a$ a conformal Killing vector for the metric on $M$, lying in the subspace spanned by the unit timelike direction and the preferred spatial direction, and with non-constant components. Under the assumption that the divergence of $ξ^a$ has no critical point in $M$, we obtain the necessary and sufficient condition for $ξ^a$ to generate a conformal Killing horizon. It is shown that $ξ^a$ generates a conformal Killing horizon if and only if either of the components (which coincide on the horizon) is constant along its orbits. That is, a conformal Killing horizon can be realized as the set of critical points of the variation of the component(s) of the conformal Killing vector along its orbits. Using this result, a simple mechanism is provided by which to determine if an arbitrary vector in an expanding LRS spacetime is a conformal Killing vector that generates a conformal Killing horizon. In specializing the case for which $ξ^a$ is a special conformal Killing vector, provided that the gradient of the divergence of $ξ^a$ is non-null, it is shown that LRS spacetimes cannot admit a special conformal Killing vector field, thereby ruling out conformal Killing horizons generated by such vector fields.
description: 16 pages, no figure, minor typos corrected, accepted for publication in Gen. Relativ. Gravit
Linguistic laws in biology
Creators: name: Semple, Stuart
name: Ferrer-i-Cancho, Ramon
name: Gustison, Morgan L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Linguistic laws, the common statistical patterns of human language, have been investigated by quantitative linguists for nearly a century. Recently, biologists from a range of disciplines have started to explore the prevalence of these laws beyond language, finding patterns consistent with linguistic laws across multiple levels of biological organisation, from molecular (genomes, genes, and proteins) to organismal (animal behaviour) to ecological (populations and ecosystems). We propose a new conceptual framework for the study of linguistic laws in biology, comprising and integrating distinct levels of analysis, from description to prediction to theory building. Adopting this framework will provide critical new insights into the fundamental rules of organisation underpinning natural systems, unifying linguistic laws and core theory in biology.
Generalized perturbations in neutrino mixing
Creators: name: Liao, Jiajun
name: Marfatia, D.
name: Whisnant, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive expressions for the neutrino mixing parameters that result from complex perturbations on (1) the Majorana neutrino mass matrix (in the basis of charged lepton mass eigenstates) and on (2) the charged lepton mass matrix, for arbitrary initial (unperturbed) mixing matrices. In the first case, we find that the phases of the elements of the perturbation matrix, and the initial values of the Dirac and Majorana phases, strongly impact the leading order corrections to the neutrino mixing parameters and phases. For experimentally compatible scenarios wherein the initial neutrino mass matrix has $μ-τ$ symmetry, we find that the Dirac phase can take any value under small perturbations. Similarly, in the second case, perturbations to the charged lepton mass matrix can generate large corrections to the mixing angles and phases of the PMNS matrix. As an illustration of our generalized procedure, we apply it to a situation in which nonstandard scalar and nonstandard vector interactions simultaneously affect neutrino oscillations.
description: 26 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Published version
The SpinParser software for pseudofermion functional renormalization group calculations on quantum magnets
Creators: name: Buessen, Finn Lasse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the SpinParser open-source software [ https://github.com/fbuessen/SpinParser ]. The software is designed to perform pseudofermion functional renormalization group (pf-FRG) calculations for frustrated quantum magnets in two and three spatial dimensions. It aims to make such calculations readily accessible without the need to write specialized program code; instead, custom lattice graphs and microscopic spin models can be defined as plain-text input files. Underlying symmetries of the model are automatically analyzed and exploited by the numerical core written in C++ in order to optimize the performance across large-scale shared memory and/or distributed memory computing platforms.
description: 48 pages, 10 figures
Box-Hunter resolution in nonregular fractional factorial designs
Creators: name: Beder, Jay H.
name: Diestelkamp, Wiebke S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Primary: 62K15, Secondary: 05B15, 62K05

description: In a 1961 paper, Box and Hunter defined the resolution of a regular fractional factorial design as a measure of the amount of aliasing in the fraction. They also indicated that the maximum resolution is equal to the minimum length of a defining word. The idea of a wordlength pattern has now been extended to nonregular designs by various authors, who show that the minimum generalized wordlength equals the maximum strength plus 1. Minimum generalized wordlength is often taken as the definition of resolution. However, Box and Hunter's original definition, which does not depend on wordlength, can be extended to nonregular designs if they are simple. The purpose of this paper is to prove that the maximum Box-Hunter resolution does equal the maximum strength plus 1, and therefore equals the minimum generalized wordlength. Other approaches to resolution are briefly discussed.
description: 12 pages
Dynamic Spatiotemporal Graph Convolutional Neural Networks for Traffic Data Imputation with Complex Missing Patterns
Creators: name: Liang, Yuebing
name: Zhao, Zhan
name: Sun, Lijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Missing data is an inevitable and ubiquitous problem for traffic data collection in intelligent transportation systems. Despite extensive research regarding traffic data imputation, there still exist two limitations to be addressed: first, existing approaches fail to capture the complex spatiotemporal dependencies in traffic data, especially the dynamic spatial dependencies evolving with time; second, prior studies mainly focus on randomly missing patterns while other more complex missing scenarios are less discussed. To fill these research gaps, we propose a novel deep learning framework called Dynamic Spatiotemporal Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (DSTGCN) to impute missing traffic data. The model combines the recurrent architecture with graph-based convolutions to model the spatiotemporal dependencies. Moreover, we introduce a graph structure estimation technique to model the dynamic spatial dependencies from real-time traffic information and road network structure. Extensive experiments based on two public traffic speed datasets are conducted to compare our proposed model with state-of-the-art deep learning approaches in four types of missing patterns. The results show that our proposed model outperforms existing deep learning models in all kinds of missing scenarios and the graph structure estimation technique contributes to the model performance. We further compare our proposed model with a tensor factorization model and find distinct behaviors across different model families under different training schemes and data availability.
Catastrophic Interference in Reinforcement Learning: A Solution Based on Context Division and Knowledge Distillation
Creators: name: Zhang, Tiantian
name: Wang, Xueqian
name: Liang, Bin
name: Yuan, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The powerful learning ability of deep neural networks enables reinforcement learning agents to learn competent control policies directly from continuous environments. In theory, to achieve stable performance, neural networks assume i.i.d. inputs, which unfortunately does no hold in the general reinforcement learning paradigm where the training data is temporally correlated and non-stationary. This issue may lead to the phenomenon of "catastrophic interference" and the collapse in performance. In this paper, we present IQ, i.e., interference-aware deep Q-learning, to mitigate catastrophic interference in single-task deep reinforcement learning. Specifically, we resort to online clustering to achieve on-the-fly context division, together with a multi-head network and a knowledge distillation regularization term for preserving the policy of learned contexts. Built upon deep Q networks, IQ consistently boosts the stability and performance when compared to existing methods, verified with extensive experiments on classic control and Atari tasks. The code is publicly available at: https://github.com/Sweety-dm/Interference-aware-Deep-Q-learning.
description: 21 pages
title: A 64-Pixel 0.42 THz Source SoC with Spatial Modulation Diversity for Computational Imaging
Creators: name: Jain, Ritesh
name: Hillger, Philipp
name: Ashna, Eamal
name: grzyb, janusz
name: Pfeiffer, Ullrich
Publisher: name: Bergische Universität Wuppertal
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: spatial light modulator
subject: SLM
subject: single pixel camera
subject: terahertz source
subject: source-array
subject: system-on-a-chip
subject: SoC
subject: computational terahertz imaging
subject: reciprocal imaging
subject: modulation diversity
subject: reconfigurable
subject: high power
subject: terahertz radiator
subject: incoherent source.

description: This paper presents a terahertz source system-on-a-chip (SoC) specifically designed for computational imaging with a single pixel camera (SPC). The SoC consists of an 8×8 array of independent, frequency unlocked THz sources that together radiate maximum 10.3 dBm power at 0.42 THz. Each source pixel is composed of a fundamental Colpitts oscillator, followed by a common-collector doubler, and an on-chip circular slot antenna. The THz power radiated from the array can be modulated in space by turning the pixels on or off individually with 100% modulation depth. The SoC integrates a dedicated memory space where 64 of such spatial patterns can be stored and triggered externally at up to 10 MHz modulation rate. The spatial modulation can be additionally multiplexed with separate programmable chopping rates for individual pixels. The combined modulation diversity provides a highly reconfigurable THz light projection for SPCs. Furthermore, each pixel also incorporates a built-in power-test (BIST) for an in-situ radiation power monitoring and calibration. All of the aforementioned functions are programmable with an integrated ASIC through a standard SPI interface. This integration level readily allows low-cost aperture scaling by combining multiple chips at the board level. The SoC was applied in a compact, 8×8 pixel, silicon-only THz SPC which captures transmission mode images at 25 frames per second with 40 dB voltage dynamic range. With an appropriate receiver and baseband processing, the imaging speed of such SPCs can be extended to thousands of frames per second.
description: This document is the accepted manuscript version that has been published in final form in: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2020.3018819
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On bounded two-dimensional globally dissipative Euler flows
Creators: name: Gebhard, Björn
name: Kolumbán, József J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We examine the two-dimensional Euler equations including the local energy (in)equality as a differential inclusion and show that the associated relaxation essentially reduces to the known relaxation for the Euler equations considered without local energy (im)balance. Concerning bounded solutions we provide a sufficient criterion for a globally dissipative subsolution to induce infinitely many globally dissipative solutions having the same initial data, pressure and dissipation measure as the subsolution. The criterion can easily be verified in the case of a flat vortex sheet giving rise to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. As another application we show that there exists initial data, for which associated globally dissipative solutions realize every dissipation measure from an open set in $\mathcal{C}^0(\mathbb{T}^2\times[0,T])$. In fact the set of such initial data is dense in the space of solenoidal $L^2(\mathbb{T}^2;\mathbb{R}^2)$ vector fields.