cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Higher-order topological insulators and semimetals in generalized Aubry-André-Harper models
Creators: name: Zeng, Qi-Bo
name: Yang, Yan-Bin
name: Xu, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Higher-order topological phases of matter have been extensively studied in various areas of physics. While the Aubry-André-Harper model provides a paradigmatic example to study topological phases, it has not been explored whether a generalized Aubry-André-Harper model can exhibit a higher-order topological phenomenon. Here, we construct a two-dimensional higher-order topological insulator with chiral symmetry based on the Aubry-André-Harper model. We find the coexistence of zero-energy and nonzero energy corner-localized modes. The former is protected by the quantized quadrupole moment, while the latter by the first Chern number of the Wannier band. The nonzero-energy mode can also be viewed as the consequence of a Chern insulator localized on a surface. More interestingly, the non-zero energy corner mode can lie in the continuum of extended bulk states and form a bound state in the continuum of higher-order topological systems. We finally propose an experimental scheme to realize our model in electric circuits. Our study opens a door to further study higher-order topological phases based on the Aubry-André-Harper model.
description: 10 pages, including supplemental material
The d=6, (2,0)-tensor multiplet coupled to self-dual strings
Creators: name: Gustavsson, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the central charges that group theory allows in the (2,0) supersymmetry translations algebra arise from a string and a 3-brane by commuting two supercharges. We show that the net force between two such parallel strings vanishes. We show that all the coupling constants are fixed numbers, due to supersymmetry, and self-duality of the three-form field strength. We obtain a charge quantization for the self-dual field strength, and show that when compactifying on a two-torus, it reduces to the usual quantization condition of N=4 SYM with gauge group SU(2), and with coupling constant and theta angle given by the tau-parameter of the two-torus, provided that we pick that chiral theory which corresponds to a theta function with zero characteristics, as expected on manifolds of this form.
description: 18 pages, reference added
Group Gated Fusion on Attention-based Bidirectional Alignment for Multimodal Emotion Recognition
Creators: name: Liu, Pengfei
name: Li, Kun
name: Meng, Helen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Emotion recognition is a challenging and actively-studied research area that plays a critical role in emotion-aware human-computer interaction systems. In a multimodal setting, temporal alignment between different modalities has not been well investigated yet. This paper presents a new model named as Gated Bidirectional Alignment Network (GBAN), which consists of an attention-based bidirectional alignment network over LSTM hidden states to explicitly capture the alignment relationship between speech and text, and a novel group gated fusion (GGF) layer to integrate the representations of different modalities. We empirically show that the attention-aligned representations outperform the last-hidden-states of LSTM significantly, and the proposed GBAN model outperforms existing state-of-the-art multimodal approaches on the IEMOCAP dataset.
description: Published in INTERSPEECH-2020
Intensity interferometry of P Cygni in the H$α$ emission line: towards distance calibration of LBV supergiant stars
Creators: name: Rivet, J. -P.
name: Siciak, A.
name: de Almeida, E. S. G.
name: Vakili, F.
name: de Souza, A. Domiciano
name: Fouché, M.
name: Lai, O.
name: Vernet, D.
name: Kaiser, R.
name: Guerin, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present intensity interferometry of the luminous blue variable P Cyg in the light of its H$α$ emission performed with 1\,m-class telescopes. We compare the measured visibility points to synthesized interferometric data based on the CMFGEN physical modeling of a high-resolution spectrum of P Cyg recorded almost simultaneously with our interferometry data. Tuning the stellar parameters of P Cyg and its H$α$ linear diameter we estimate the distance of P Cyg as $1.56\pm0.25$~kpc, which is compatible within $1σ$ with $1.36\pm0.24$~kpc reported by the Gaia DR2 catalogue of parallaxes recently published. Both values are significantly smaller than the canonic value of $1.80\pm0.10$~kpc usually adopted in literature. Our method used to calibrate the distance of P Cyg can apply to very massive and luminous stars both in our galaxy and neighbour galaxies and can improve the so-called Wind-Momentum Luminosity relation that potentially applies to calibrate cosmological candles in the local Universe.
description: To be published in MNRAS
A survey study of success factors in data science projects
Creators: name: Martinez, Iñigo
name: Viles, Elisabeth
name: Olaizola, Igor G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: General Literature (cs.GL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, the data science community has pursued excellence and made significant research efforts to develop advanced analytics, focusing on solving technical problems at the expense of organizational and socio-technical challenges. According to previous surveys on the state of data science project management, there is a significant gap between technical and organizational processes. In this article we present new empirical data from a survey to 237 data science professionals on the use of project management methodologies for data science. We provide additional profiling of the survey respondents' roles and their priorities when executing data science projects. Based on this survey study, the main findings are: (1) Agile data science lifecycle is the most widely used framework, but only 25% of the survey participants state to follow a data science project methodology. (2) The most important success factors are precisely describing stakeholders' needs, communicating the results to end-users, and team collaboration and coordination. (3) Professionals who adhere to a project methodology place greater emphasis on the project's potential risks and pitfalls, version control, the deployment pipeline to production, and data security and privacy.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, accepted at IEEE Big Data 2021, International Workshop on Methods to Improve Big Data Science Projects
The Semantics of Multicopy Atomic ARMv8 and RISC-V
Creators: name: Pulte, Christopher
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Programming language semantics
relaxed memory concurrency
processor architectures

description: Previous work has established precise operational concurrency models for Power and ARMv8, in an abstract micro-architectural style based on detailed discussion with IBM and ARM staff and extensive hardware testing. To account for the precise architectural behaviour these models are complex. This thesis aims to provide a better understanding for the relaxed memory concurrency models of the architectures ARMv8, RISC-V, and (to a lesser degree) Power. Power and early versions of ARMv8 have non-multicopy-atomic (non-MCA) concurrency models. This thesis provides abstraction results for these, including a more abstract non-MCA ARMv8 storage subsystem model, and characterisations of the behaviour of mixed-size Power and non-MCA ARMv8 programs when using barriers or release/acquire instructions for all memory accesses, with respect to notions of Sequential Consistency for mixed-size programs. During the course of this PhD project, and partly due to our extended collaboration with ARM, ARM have shifted to a much simplified multicopy-atomic concurrency architecture that also includes a formal axiomatic concurrency model. We develop a correspondingly simplified operational model based on the previous non-MCA models, and, as the main result of this thesis, prove equivalence between the simplified operational and the reference axiomatic model. We have also been actively involved in the RISC-V Memory Model Task Group. RISC-V has adopted a multicopy atomic model closely following that of ARMv8, but which incorporates some changes motivated by issues raised in our operational modelling of ARMv8. We develop an adapted RISC-V operational concurrency model that is now part of the official architecture documentation. Finally, in order to give a simpler explanation of the MCA ARMv8 and RISC-V concurrency models for programmers, we develop an equivalent operational concurrency model in a different style. The \promisingarmriscv model, based on the C11 Promising model, gives up the micro-architectural intuition the other operational models offer in favour of providing a more abstract model. We prove it equivalent to the MCA ARMv8 and RISC-V axiomatic models in Coq.
description: This work was funded by a Computer Laboratory and Qualcomm Premium Studentship, an EPSRC and Arm Ltd. Industrial CASE Studentship (grant no. EP/L505389/1), and the EPSRC Programme Grant “REMS: Rigorous Engineering for Mainstream Systems” (grant no. EP/K008528/1).
MOESM17 of Microbiome of vineyard soils is shaped by geography and management
Creators: name: Coller, Emanuela
name: Cestaro, Alessandro
name: Zanzotti, Roberto
name: Bertoldi, Daniela
name: Pindo, Massimo
name: Larger, Simone
name: Albanese, Davide
name: Mescalchin, Enzo
name: Donati, Claudio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 17: Table S4. The site-specific core microbiome for Bacteria and Archaea, and Fungi. (DOCX 14 kb)
XMM-Newton observations of ultraluminous X-ray sources in nearby galaxies
Creators: name: Foschini, L.
name: Di Cocco, G.
name: Ho, L. C.
name: Bassani, L.
name: Cappi, M.
name: Dadina, M.
name: Gianotti, F.
name: Malaguti, G.
name: Panessa, F.
name: Piconcelli, E.
name: Stephen, J. B.
name: Trifoglio, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An XMM-Newton study of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULX) has been performed in a sample of 10 nearby Seyfert galaxies. Eighteen ULX have been found with positional uncertainty of about 4". The large collecting area of XMM-Newton makes the statistics sufficient to perform spectral fitting with simple models in 8 cases. The main results of the present minisurvey strengthen the theory that the ULX could be accreting black holes in hard or soft state. In some cases, the contribution of the ULX to the overall X-ray flux appears to be dominant with respect to that of the active nucleus. In addition, 6 ULX present probable counterparts at other wavelengths (optical/infrared, radio). A multiwavelength observing strategy is required to better assess the nature of these sources.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication by Astronomy and Astrophysics. If you want figures at full resolution, please send an email to Foschini
Additional file 2 of Genetic diversity and population structure of Caryopteris mongholica revealed by reduced representation sequencing
Creators: name: Ji, Ruoxuan
name: Yu, Xiao
name: Ren, Tianmeng
name: Chang, Yuan
name: Li, Zheng
name: Xia, Xinli
name: Yin, Weilun
name: Liu, Chao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Fig S1. Plot of ADMIXTURE cross-validation error. Fig S2. Cross-validation results comparing the non-spatial and spatial models. Fig S3. Pink and viole-blue flowers of C. mongholica. Fig S4. Manhattan plots representing the distribution of significance values -log10(p-value) obtained by the genetic-environment association approach LFMM for 17 bioclimatic variables.
Capturing Photosynthetic Traits from the Progenitors of Wheat
Creators: name: Wright, Tally Ian Cecil
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Triticum dicoccoides
photosynthesis
wheat
genetic diversity
infrared gas analysers
progenitor wheat
flag leaf
tetraploid
awn
Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat
genome-wide association
Triticum dicoccum
ideotype
QTL
introgression

description: Bottlenecks exist in raising wheat yield, which are associated with the constriction of available genetic diversity in the modern wheat gene pool and difficulties in improving photosynthesis during the growing season. Using a range of phenotyping techniques including portable infrared gas analysers, a collection of field grown progenitor wheat species and modern wheat varieties were screened for traits linked to the supply and demand components of flag leaf photosynthesis. Two Triticum dicoccoides (AABB) individuals had high rates of flag leaf photosynthesis, driven by enhanced characteristics that facilitated the supply of CO2 to the sites of carboxylation, including high stomatal and mesophyll conductance. Progeny formed through tetraploid and hexaploid crossing carried introgressions from these T. dicoccoides and were screened in a subsequent field trial. Although per unit CO2 assimilation was increased in the progeny, flag leaf area was decreased, leading to an overall lower CO2 assimilation per flag leaf. The results highlighted the negative trade-off between flag leaf area and CO2 assimilation rate. Furthermore, a yield penalty was observed in the progeny associated with linkage drag from the wild progenitors. The progenitor individuals had higher CO2 assimilation per ear than cultivated bread wheat, most likely driven by awn presence. These findings led to an investigation of how awn presence influences ear and flag leaf photosynthesis, and thus overall grain yield, using pairs of awned and unawned Near Isogenic Lines derived from Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat (SHW NILs). Results showed that while awn presence is linked to increased ear photosynthesis, in some SHW NIL pairs there was a trade-off with flag leaf CO2 assimilation. During this field trial, 4 of the 5 unawned counterparts of each SHW NIL pair had higher grain yield than the awned individuals. However, this trend was not consistent over multiple years and locations. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was used to identify Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly linked to the presence of awns in a larger panel of SHW. Based on these results and examples in literature, theoretical ideotypes were formed for targeted environments. To map proxies for ideotype traits, a novel mapping population was created from two tetraploid Triticum dicoccum lines. The population was genotyped using a high density SNP array and a new genetic linkage map was created. Quantitative trait loci were identified and mapped, to aid the introgression of desirable traits from a tetraploid background into hexaploid wheat.
description: A BBSRC funded PhD (https://bbsrcdtp.lifesci.cam.ac.uk/).
Transition from a strong-coupling fixed point to an intermediate-coupling fixed point in a single-channel SU(N) Kondo model: role of the filling and two-stage screening
Creators: name: Jerez, Andres
name: Lavagna, Mireille
name: Bensimon, Damien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an extended SU(N) single-impurity Kondo model in which the impurity spin is described by a combination of Abrikosov fermions and Schwinger bosons. Our aim is to describe both the quasiparticle-like excitations and the locally critical modes observed in various physical situations, including non-Fermi liquid behavior in heavy fermion systems in the vicinity of a quantum critical point. We identify the strong coupling fixed point of the model and study its stability within second order perturbation theory. Already in the single channel case and in contrast with either the pure bosonic or the pure fermionic case, the strong coupling fixed point is unstable against the conduction electron kinetic term as soon as the amount of Abrikosov fermions reaches a critical value. In the stability region, the partially screened, dressed impurity at site 0 repels the conduction electrons on adjacent sites. In the instability region, the impurity tends to attract $(N-1)$ conduction electrons to the neighboring sites, giving rise to a two-stage Kondo effect with additional screening.This result opens the route to the existence of an intermediate coupling fixed point, characterized by non-Fermi liquid behavior.
Middle infrared beam-steering using liquid crystals for spatial light modulation
Creators: name: Micallef, Fabian
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: mid-infrared
spatial light modulator
non-mechanical beam steering

description: Middle infrared beam-steering is attractive for a number of applications, particularly in the defence sector, where infrared countermeasures are a cornerstone in protecting lives and assets from infrared seeking weapons. Liquid crystal based alternatives to the current opto-mechanical state of the art are investigated, in particular electrically addressed optical phased arrays. Material and design challenges are addressed. CVD graphene is found to be an appropriate transparent conductor, with a sheet resistance $ < 1 $k$ \Omega / \square $ and an optical transmission $ > 97 \% $ in the frequency band of interest. Liquid crystal BL-037 was found to have a birefringence of 0.23 in the middle infrared, where absorption bands exist between 3.3$ \mu $m and 3.6$ \mu $m, and at 4.5$ \mu $m. When incorporated into a single-pixel anti-parallel aligned cell subject to an electric field, the response time for the liquid crystal layer was found to be slower than expected for typical thicknesses required for middle infrared operation (7.5$ \mu $m - 30$ \mu $m). This was due to high angle reorientation which is typically absent in visible operation. The effects of various considerations, such as aperture size and shape, illumination, pixelation, dead-space and fringing effects, on the performance of a spatial light modulator were investigated. Liquid crystal on silicon implementation was simulated. For $ \lambda= 2.3 \mu$m an efficiency $ > 10 \% $ was attained for angles up to $ 7^{\circ} $. For longer wavelengths this was attained for angles up to $ 11^{\circ} $. Multi-interaction and non-diffractive devices were investigated as alternatives for increasing the viewing range while preserving resolution.
description: EPSRC DSTL
Design and Expected Performance of the BTeV RICH
Creators: name: Blusk, Steven R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The BTeV experiment is a b-physics experiment designed to conduct precision tests of the CKM description of CP violation and study rare processes involving bottom and charm hadrons. The experiment will be located in the C0 interaction region at the Fermilab Tevatron, and is intended to begin data-taking around 2007-2008. One of the most important elements of the BTeV spectrometer is the ring-imaging Cerenkov detector (RICH) which is used for particle identification. In this article we describe the BTeV RICH and present its expected performance.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures. Proceedings of the RICH2002 Conference, Pylos, Greece, June 5-10, 2002
Realistic designs of windows and doors as solutions to improve natural ventilation in hot-humid climates: a factorial design approach
Creators: name: Martins, Ramon Silva
name: de Aquino, Guilherme Siqueira
name: Pagel, Érica Coelho
name: de Gouveia, Gilda Laysa Oliveira
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Marine Biology

description: Electricity consumption in buildings is especially relevant in hot and humid countries, where mechanical systems are frequently used to provide thermal comfort. In the context of school buildings, thermal comfort plays an important role in the learning process. Our aim is to explore natural ventilation to find passive, low-cost, realistic solutions to improve thermal comfort by combining design elements. For that, we assess four designs of doors (rectangular closed door, rectangular open door, half shutter door, half-door), four designs of windows (sliding window, sliding window with upper pivot window, sliding window with ventilated sill, and sliding window with upper pivot window and ventilated sill), and four building orientations (ventilated façade orientated towards north, east, south, and west.). A 43 factorial design of thermal simulations and 3-way ANOVA are conducted to evaluate the combined effect of the design elements on thermal comfort in a primary school classroom in Brazil's hot and humid climate. Statistics applied to the hottest scenario reveal that orientation, window, and the joint effect of windows and doors significantly improve thermal comfort. Our results reveal that standard window and door designs are ineffective in promoting natural ventilation in hot and humid regions. The ventilated sill, pivot window, and half-door appear as effective low-cost realistic solutions, decreasing the intensity and frequency of thermal comfort by up to 60% and 30%, respectively.
Quantum Field Dynamics in a Uniform Magnetic Field: Description using Fields in Oblique Phase Space
Creators: name: Kim, Seok
name: Lee, Choonkyu
name: Lee, Kimyeong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple field transformation which changes the field arguments from the ordinary position-space coordinates to the oblique phase-space coordinates that are linear in position and momentum variables. This is useful in studying quantum field dynamics in the presence of external uniform magnetic field: here, the field transformation serves to separate the dynamics within the given Landau level from that between different Landau levels. We apply this formalism to both nonrelativistic and relativistic field theories. In the large external magnetic field our formalism provides an efficient method for constructing the relevant lower-dimensional effective field theories with the field degrees defined only on the lowest Landau level.
description: 27 pages, no figures
Additional file 1 of A self-assembled bilayer polypeptide-engineered hydrogel for spatiotemporal modulation of bactericidal and anti-inflammation process in osteomyelitis treatment
Creators: name: Xie, Xiaoting
name: Wei, Jiemao
name: Zhang, Bin
name: Xiong, Wei
name: He, Zhiyi
name: Zhang, Yayun
name: Gao, Chenghao
name: Zhao, Yuandi
name: Liu, Bo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Schematic representation of pQE9AC10A plasmid. Fig. S2. Schematic representation of AC10A and AC10ARGD proteins and the amino acid sequences of major domains. Table S1. Primer sequences for real-time PCR analysis. Fig. S3. Cell viabilities of BMSCs and BMSCs inside the MAR hydrogel treated with PBS or AD-Ce6/Apt (**p<0.01, ***p ˂ 0.001, n = 5). Fig. S4. ALP staining images of BMSCs after culture with PBS or AA-MAR hydrogel in the osteogenic medium for 21 days. Fig. S5. Cell viabilities of NIH 3T3, BMDMs, and HUVEC after incubation with AD-Ce6/Apt (4 μg mL-1). Fig. S6. Typical photographs of bacterial colony from infected tissue, needle, and tibia treated with different proportion of AA-MAR + Laser on S. aureus induced osteomyelitis rats. Fig. S7. H&E staining results of tibias post-fracture after treatment with PBS or AA-MAR + Laser for 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days. Fig. S8. The quantitative results of neutrophils and macrophages (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001, n = 5). Fig. S9. The ratio of M1/M2 in different groups on day 3 and 7 (***p ˂ 0.001, n = 5).
MOESM4 of OncoSim and OncoWiki: an authentic learning approach to teaching cancer genomics
Creators: name: Schoenborn, Priska
name: Osborne, Richard
name: Toms, Nick
name: Johnstone, Karen
name: ChlÃ¶E Milsom
name: Muneer, Reema
name: Jarvis, Michael
name: Belshaw, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Coding report and thematic analysis. List of codes from pre- and post-interview questions and results of thematic analysis.
title: Vorsortierer für Datenflut
title: Neuronale Netze auf der Suche nach dunkler Materie Fachgebiet: Physik
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Kohl, Carolin
Publisher: name: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Year: 2021
Subjects: Machine Learning
Neuronale Netzwerke
Multi-Layer Perceptron
CAST-Experiment
Axion
Datenklassifikation
Signalereignisse
Signaleffizienz
ROC-Kurve

description: Junge Wissenschaft. Paper 04/2021
description: Die Dunkle Materie des Universums besteht vermutlich aus neuartigen Elementarteilchen, den Axionen. Diese sucht das CAST-Experiment am CERN in Genf. Um Signal- von Untergrundereignissen zu trennen, wird das Potential eines Multilayer-Perceptrons , ein bestimmten Typ eines Neuronalen Netzwerks, als Klassifikationsmethode verwendet. Dies erweist sich als vielversprechender Ansatz.
description: In der Jungen Wissenschaft werden Forschungsarbeiten von Schüler/innen, die selbstständig, z.B. in einer Schule oder einem Schülerforschungszentrum, durchgeführt wurden, veröffentlicht.
title: Does Competition Spur Social Media Deployment among Local Governments? Evidence from the Deployment of Facebook in the German State of Hesse
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Bischoff, Ivo
name: Wimberger, Aleksandra
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft
social media deployment
elections
hazard models
Facebook
inter-jurisdictional competition
Germany
local government

description: We analyze the decision of local governments to deploy social media. We argue that – by de-ploying social media – governments send a signal of modernity, transparency and openness for dialogue to their citizens. We apply a hazard model to panel data on municipalities in the Ger-man state of Hesse (n = 422) and their appearance on Facebook between 2010 and 2019. Our main research question is: Does competitive pressure drive social media deployment? We find intense competition for mobile residents to promote social media deployment while no effect is found for tax competition. Facebook pages are more likely to emerge in years preceding mayoral elections as predicted by the theory of party competition with myopic voters. In line with the theory of yardstick competition, we find the probability that a certain municipality launches a Facebook page to increase in the number of its neighbors being present on Facebook.
MOESM3 of OncoSim and OncoWiki: an authentic learning approach to teaching cancer genomics
Creators: name: Schoenborn, Priska
name: Osborne, Richard
name: Toms, Nick
name: Johnstone, Karen
name: ChlÃ¶E Milsom
name: Muneer, Reema
name: Jarvis, Michael
name: Belshaw, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Interview questions. List of questions for semi-structured interviews.
EVA: An Encrypted Vector Arithmetic Language and Compiler for Efficient Homomorphic Computation
Creators: name: Dathathri, Roshan
name: Kostova, Blagovesta
name: Saarikivi, Olli
name: Dai, Wei
name: Laine, Kim
name: Musuvathi, Madanlal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.3.3; D.3.4

description: Fully-Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) offers powerful capabilities by enabling secure offloading of both storage and computation, and recent innovations in schemes and implementations have made it all the more attractive. At the same time, FHE is notoriously hard to use with a very constrained programming model, a very unusual performance profile, and many cryptographic constraints. Existing compilers for FHE either target simpler but less efficient FHE schemes or only support specific domains where they can rely on expert-provided high-level runtimes to hide complications. This paper presents a new FHE language called Encrypted Vector Arithmetic (EVA), which includes an optimizing compiler that generates correct and secure FHE programs, while hiding all the complexities of the target FHE scheme. Bolstered by our optimizing compiler, programmers can develop efficient general-purpose FHE applications directly in EVA. For example, we have developed image processing applications using EVA, with a very few lines of code. EVA is designed to also work as an intermediate representation that can be a target for compiling higher-level domain-specific languages. To demonstrate this, we have re-targeted CHET, an existing domain-specific compiler for neural network inference, onto EVA. Due to the novel optimizations in EVA, its programs are on average 5.3x faster than those generated by CHET. We believe that EVA would enable a wider adoption of FHE by making it easier to develop FHE applications and domain-specific FHE compilers.
Motion of filaments induced by molecular motors: from individual to collective dynamics
Creators: name: De Canio, Gabriele
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: fluid-structure interactions
low Reynolds number
creeping flows
swirling instability
follower force dynamics

description: In cellular phenomena, such as cytoplasmic streaming, molecular motors translocate along microtubules carrying cargoes which entrain fluid. The piconewton forces that motors produce can be sufficient to bend or buckle the filaments. When large numbers of such forced filaments interact through the surrounding fluid, as seen in particular stages of oocyte development in Drosophila melanogaster, complex dynamics arise, but the mechanism underlying them has remained unclear. Motivated by these observations, through a combination of theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, we study a simplified microtubules-molecular motor system. Microtubules are modelled as elastic inextensible two-dimensional filaments, and the molecular motor-cargo ensemble as a point force. The analysed dynamics result from the interplay between the forcing, elasticity, and hydrodynamic stresses associated with the motion in a viscous fluid. First, we study a single filament subject to a localised force acting tangentially at its tip. We show that when the external forcing exceeds a finite threshold, the system undergoes a Hopf bifurcation, which results in flapping motion, reminiscent of spermatozoa beating. We elucidate the nature of such instability using a lower-dimensional ‘two-link’ model and linear stability analysis. Then, we generalize the model to describe the real biological system more accurately. In particular, we include the fluid flow created by the molecular motor-cargo ensemble while it is walking along the microtubules, we allow the molecular motor to be located anywhere along the filament, and extend the framework to the case of many motors. Inspired by experiments, in which many filaments interact with one another, we apply these extensions to the multi-filament case, with the aim of studying the collective dynamics of flapping filaments. We consider two distinct scenarios: an array of filaments on a planar wall, and a multitude of filaments inside a sphere. By exploiting asymptotic approximations and parallel computing, we show that an array of filaments can synchronise their motion or reach a final steady bent configuration. Moreover, we shed light on the role of confinement, which proves to be crucial in spontaneously breaking the symmetry in the filament configuration, as experimentally observed. Our results form the basis for the deeper physical understanding of the role of fluid-structure interactions during the oocyte development in Drosophila. By employing a range of models of increasing complexity, we have been able to capture the wave-like filament motion observed in experiments, paving the way for future research involving more physiological details.
Towards an Understanding of GRB Prompt Emission
Creators: name: Lloyd-Ronning, Nicole M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the prompt emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts in different spectral energy bands. First, we suggest that a three-part synchrotron emission model is a good description of the ~20 keV - 1 MeV gamma-ray emission of GRBs. We show that this model provides excellent fits to the data and naturally explains the observed global correlations between spectral parameters. In particular, we show there exists a negative correlation between between the peak of the nu-Fnu spectrum, Ep, and the low energy photon index αfor bursts with -2/3 < α< 0, and suggest that this correlation is due to the mechanism responsible for producing α's above the value of -2/3 - namely, a decreasing mean pitch angle of the electrons. We then discuss the physical origin of the increasing number of GRBs that are observed to peak in the X-ray energy band (~5-40 keV). Although either a cosmological (i.e. high redshift) or intrinsic interpretation for the low values of Ep is viable at this point, the data appear to suggest that intrinsic effects are playing the dominant role. Finally, we briefly comment on the prompt GRB optical emission (~ eV) and very high energy emission (>10 MeV), and how these spectral bands may be used to place additional constraints on the physics of gamma-ray bursts.
description: Invited talk at the 2001 Woodshole meeting,"Gamma-Ray Bursts and Afterglow Astronomy"; 8 pages including 8 postscript figures
EC-1992: Implications for the Agrimonetary System and Commodity Markets
Creators: name: Gardiner, Walter H.
name: Josling, Timothy E.
name: Gardiner, Walter H.
name: Josling, Timothy E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Agricultural Finance

description: The system of exchange rates, border taxes, and subsidies- the agrimonetary system- is incompatible with the goals of EC-1992. This system has led to a breakdown in the concept of common pricing and to distrotions in trade patterns and has created large administrative costs to the EC. Elimination of the agrimonetary system would reduce EC prices, productionm next exports, and budget expenditures and increase consumption. Major changes to the system will probably be reserved for a date beyond 1992.
Diphasic non-local model for granular surface flows
Creators: name: Bonamy, D.
name: Mills, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Considering recent results revealing the existence of multi-scale rigid clusters of grains embedded in granular surface flows, i.e. flows down an erodible bed, we describe here the surface flows rheology through a non-local constitutive law. The predictions of the resulting model are compared quantitatively to experimental results: The model succeeds to account for the counter-intuitive shape of the velocity profile observed in experiments, i.e. a velocity profile decreasing exponentially with depth in the static phase and remaining linear in the flowing layer with a velocity gradient independent of both the flowing layer thickness, the angle between the flow and the horizontal, and the coefficient of restitution of the grains. Moreover, the scalings observed in rotating drums are recovered, at least for small rotating speed.
description: 7 pages, submitted to Europhys. Lett
title: Above, but close to two percent. Evidence on the ECB’s inflation target using text mining
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Zahner, Johannes
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Sentiment Analysis
Economics
Wirtschaft
Public Perception.
Monetary Policy
ECB

description: Due to its official mandate, the European Central Bank (ECB) is assumed to maximize an implied objective function that leads it to pursue inflation with a subordinate focus on supporting the general economic policy of the European Union. This objective is – by its very nature – difficult to quantify. My paper tries to decipher information regarding the ECB’s objective through the use of text mining on all public speeches between 2002 and 2020. The estimation of a sentiment index through a ’bag-of-words’-approach yields the following results. First, the findings of my analysis suggest a concave objective regarding the inflation rate. The implied inflation target is best summarized as an inflation rate of ’above, but close to 2%’. Deviations from this target lead to a reduction in the sentiment of the institutions’ communication. Second, my findings suggest a convex objective towards output growth and a linear objective towards the unemployment rate, with a preference for higher GDP growth and employment independently of the current level. Furthermore, the hierarchical order in the the European Central Bank (ECB)’s mandate does not always appear to be consistent with my findings. Deviations from its primary objective, the inflation rate, appear to be of no greater concern than deviations in its subordinate objective. Third, in periods of heightened uncertainty, there is an additional decrease in the sentiment of speech. Last, over the last two decades, speeches have become more pessimistic, even when controlling for macroeconomic conditions.
Dirac-KÄhler Equation
Creators: name: Kruglov, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tensor, matrix and quaternion formulations of Dirac-Kähler equation for massive and massless fields are considered. The equation matrices obtained are simple linear combinations of matrix elements in the 16-dimensional space. The projection matrix-dyads defining all the 16 independent equation solutions are found. A method of computing the traces of 16-dimensional Petiau-Duffin-Kemmer matrix product is considered. We show that the symmetry group of the Dirac-Kähler tensor fields for charged particles is SO(4,2). The conservation currents corresponding this symmetry are constructed. We analyze transformations of the Lorentz group and quaternion fields. Supersymmetry of the Dirac-Kähler fields with tensor and spinor parameters is investigated. We show the possibility of constructing a gauge model of interacting Dirac-Kähler fields where the gauge group is the noncompact group under consideration.
description: 42 pages, LaTeX. Corrections in Eqs. (29), (88), (99). Extended version of hep-th/0110060
Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Excitatory Synaptic Transmission
Creators: name: Watson, Jake Frederick
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: AMPA receptor
AMPAR
LTP
long-term potentiation
synaptic plasticity
synaptic transmission
glutamate
glutamate receptors
iGluRs

description: At synapses, the sites of communication between neurons, neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic cell and binds to postsynaptic receptors on another. In the case of excitatory synapses, the predominant neurotransmitter, L-glutamate, binds to postsynaptic AMPA receptors (AMPARs). Crucially, synaptic strength is plastic, and control of this strength is essential for fundamental brain functions such as the processing and storage of information. Synaptic transmission is controlled by tuning the response of postsynaptic receptors to glutamate release. This can be achieved by altering both the number and spatial positioning of receptors. The mechanisms governing AMPAR anchoring at postsynaptic sites have been intensely studied for many years, focussing on intracellular interactions with postsynaptic scaffold proteins, however, these interactions do not appear strictly essential to synaptic receptor anchoring. The receptor’s N-terminal domain (NTD) comprises 50 % of the protein, and extends into the synaptic cleft, towards the presynapse, offering great potential for subunit-specific receptor control, yet its influence on synaptic transmission remains elusive. Facilitated by the development of an optimised molecular cloning approach, this study uses a combination of electrophysiological and imaging methods to investigate the role of the AMPAR NTD at synaptic sites. It demonstrates that this domain has a critical role in anchoring the AMPAR at the synapse. Through subunit-specific interactions in the synaptic cleft, the NTD controls the number of receptors present at a synaptic connection. Receptors lacking the NTD are unable to properly anchor at synaptic sites, and are unable to facilitate synaptic plasticity such as long-term potentiation, despite robustly trafficking to the cell surface. When studied in comparison to other AMPAR anchoring interactions, NTD-dependent mechanisms appear to be more influential than classical models involving the intracellular C-terminal of the receptor. Given that NTD-dependent interactions will occur within the synaptic cleft, both pre and postsynaptic neurons have the potential to control and detect the strength of synaptic transmission. Therefore, this mechanism of AMPAR anchoring has profound implications when considering how information is stored at a synaptic connection.
description: This thesis was funded by a Medical Research Council Studentship.
PoVRPoint: Authoring Presentations in Mobile Virtual Reality
Creators: name: Biener, Verena
name: Gesslein, Travis
name: Schneider, Daniel
name: Kawala, Felix
name: Otte, Alexander
name: Kristensson, Per Ola
name: Pahud, Michel
name: Ofek, Eyal
name: Campos, Cuauhtli
name: Kljun, Matjaž
name: Pucihar, Klen Čopič
name: Grubert, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.3.7

description: Virtual Reality (VR) has the potential to support mobile knowledge workers by complementing traditional input devices with a large three-dimensional output space and spatial input. Previous research on supporting VR knowledge work explored domains such as text entry using physical keyboards and spreadsheet interaction using combined pen and touch input. Inspired by such work, this paper probes the VR design space for authoring presentations in mobile settings. We propose PoVRPoint -- a set of tools coupling pen- and touch-based editing of presentations on mobile devices, such as tablets, with the interaction capabilities afforded by VR. We study the utility of extended display space to, for example, assist users in identifying target slides, supporting spatial manipulation of objects on a slide, creating animations, and facilitating arrangements of multiple, possibly occluded, shapes. Among other things, our results indicate that 1) the wide field of view afforded by VR results in significantly faster target slide identification times compared to a tablet-only interface for visually salient targets; and 2) the three-dimensional view in VR enables significantly faster object reordering in the presence of occlusion compared to two baseline interfaces. A user study further confirmed that the interaction techniques were found to be usable and enjoyable.
description: IEEE VR 2022; to appear in IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics, 2022
title: Stock Market Reactions to Legislated Tax Changes: Evidence from the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Hayo, Bernd
name: Mierzwa, Sascha
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Germany
Economics
Wirtschaft
legislative tax changes
indirect tax
United States
income tax
business tax
stock markets
Fiscal policy
United Kingdom

description: We study the effect of tax policy on stock market returns in the US, Germany, and the UK using GARCH models and a unique daily dataset of legislative tax changes during the pe-riod 1978 to 2018. We find that days of discretionary tax legislation during all stages of the process often matter for returns, both in terms of statistical significance as well as economic relevance. Further disaggregating the tax shocks shows that news about personal income tax cuts affects stock market returns positively, whereas business tax legislation is rarely influential. We find evidence of stock market spillovers, mainly from US tax changes to European stock markets. In several cases, we measure significant effects of changes in tax legislation on the days the changes are implemented. The US House Committee Report appears to be the most influential legislative stage. During the financial crisis, stock markets were more responsive to tax legislation. Finally, S&P500 returns tend to react at earlier legislative stages than do DAX returns, whereas FT30 returns barely react on days of do-mestic legislative action.
MOESM2 of OncoSim and OncoWiki: an authentic learning approach to teaching cancer genomics
Creators: name: Schoenborn, Priska
name: Osborne, Richard
name: Toms, Nick
name: Johnstone, Karen
name: Chlöe Milsom
name: Muneer, Reema
name: Jarvis, Michael
name: Belshaw, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Online questionnaire. Questionnaire to obtain views on students’ final year projects.