cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Variation Aware Placement for Efficient Key Generation using Physically Unclonable Functions in Reconfigurable Systems
Creators: name: Vyas, Shrikant S
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2016

description: With the importance of data security at its peak today, many reconfigurable systems are used to provide security. This protection is often provided by FPGA-based encrypt/decrypt cores secured with secret keys. Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) use random manufacturing variations to generate outputs that can be used in keys. These outputs are specific to a chip and can be used to create device-tied secret keys. Due to reliability issues with PUFs, key generation with PUFs typically requires error correction techniques. This can result in substantial hardware costs. Thus, the total cost of a $n$-bit key far exceeds just the cost of producing $n$ bits of PUF output. To tackle this problem, we propose the use of variation aware intra-FPGA PUF placement to reduce the area cost of PUF-based keys on FPGAs. We show that placing PUF instances according to the random variations of each chip instance reduces the bit error rate of the PUFs and the overall resources required to generate the key. Our approach has been demonstrated on a Xilinx Zynq-7000 programmable SoC using FPGA specific PUFs with code-offset error correction based on BCH codes. The approach is applicable to any PUF-based system implemented in reconfigurable logic. To evaluate our approach, we first analyze the key metrics of a PUF - reliability and uniqueness. Reliability is related to bit error rate, an important parameter with respect to error correction. In order to generate reliable results from the PUFs, a total of four ZedBoards containing FPGAs are used in our approach. We quantify the effectiveness of our approach by implementing the same key generation scheme using variation-aware and default placement, and show the resources saved by our approach.
A Case Study of 2-stage Seamless Adaptive Sample Size Re-Estimation Design with Efficacy Interim analysis When Slope is the Primary Endpoint
Creators: name: Zhang, Qi
name: Shen, Yuqian
name: Quan, Hui
name: Minini, Pascal
name: Wang, Lin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Due to highly unmet medical needs in rare disease areas, there is great desire to speed up the drug development process. A two-stage adaptive design option for a placebo-controlled registration study is being evaluated. Stage 1 consists of participants in an ongoing phase 2 study with 1-year double blinded (DB) treatment and Stage 2 includes newly enrolled participants with 2-year DB treatment period. The primary endpoint is the annualized rate of change (slope) for a continuous longitudinal measurement, which will be evaluated through a random coefficient linear mixed model. An unblinded interim analysis will be performed using Stage 1 data to re-estimate the sample size for Stage 2, followed by another interim analysis for potential early efficacy stopping when all participants completed the 1-year DB treatment. To control the overall type 1 error rate, rather than using a conservative approach, the actual correlation between the interim and final test statistics will be taken into account to determine the final significance level given the pre-specified significance level for the interim efficacy analysis. Multiplicity adjustments for secondary endpoints including considerations for order switching between interim and final analysis in this specific case study will also be discussed.
MOESM3 of Persistent and sporadic Listeria monocytogenes strains do not differ when growing at 37 °C, in planktonic state, under different food associated stresses or energy sources
Creators: name: Taylor, Alexander
name: Stasiewicz, Matthew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. Metadata of the 95 L. monocytogenes isolates analyzed.
Consumption risk, farm characteristics, and soil conservation adoption among low-income farmers in the Philippines
Creators: name: Shively, Gerald E.
name: Shively, Gerald E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Production Economics

description: This paper investigates patterns of soil conservation adoption among low-income farmers in the Philippines. A model is presented that focuses attention on the role of assets and consumption risk in influencing soil conservation adoption decisions. Results from a reduced-form probit model of adoption are reported. These econometric findings indicate that patterns of soil conservation adoption reflect relative risk considerations in addition to farm and household characteristics. Farm size, tenure security, labor availability, and land quality all exhibit a positive association with soil conservation adoption. In contrast, controlling on these and other household characteristics, the probability of adoption falls as consumption risk rises. These results underscore a need for greater sensitivity among policymakers to the role of consumption risk in influencing soil conservation decisions in low-income settings.
Evaluation of short chain chlorinated paraffins in human milk and their intake by infants in Hebei Province, China
Creators: name: Yang, Lixin
name: Wang, Ziyuan
name: Li, Jianguo
name: Ma, Yuxia
name: Kong, Lingxiong
name: Yang, Hui
name: Wang, Liying
name: Liu, Yinping
name: Lu, Yang
name: Zhang, Jianbo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Computational Biology

description: Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) have drawn increasing interest worldwide since they were included in the list of controlled persistent organic pollutants in Annex A of the Stockholm Convention in 2017, and the potential health risk they pose to humans must be evaluated. In this study, 86 human milk samples were collected from 55 healthy Chinese mothers living in the Shijiazhuang region of Northern China in 2014–2015. Advanced online gel permeation chromatography–gas-chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry with negative-ion chemical ionisation was used to quantify the SCCPs in the samples. The estimated mean level of SCCPs was 2.51 μg g−1 lipid weight (range 0.21–16.12). The SCCP concentration correlated positively with the mother’s bodyweight at the end of pregnancy (P < 0.05). The mean SCCP intake by infants via breast milk was 13.0 μg kg−1 day−1 at 1 month, 7.1 μg kg−1 day−1 at 3 months, and 2.5 μg kg−1 day−1 at 6 months after birth. This study provides initial data on the levels of SCCPs in human milk in a chlorinated-paraffin-manufacturing area in China, and indicates a high health risk for infants.
Scypholanceola Woltereck 1905
Creators: name: Zeidler, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Lanceolidae
Scypholanceola

description: Key to the species of the genus Scypholanceola
 1. Head with short, tapering, sharp rostrum. Terminal article of A1 elongate-oval ................ S. aestiva (Stebbing, 1888).
 - Head without rostrum. Terminal article of A1 elongate-conical, narrowing distally....... S. agassizi Woltereck, 1909
description: Published as part of Zeidler, Wolfgang, 2009, A review of the hyperiidean amphipod superfamily Lanceoloidea Bowman & Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), pp. 1-117 in Zootaxa 2000 on page 60
A mechanism for formation of Bose-Einstein condensation in cosmology
Creators: name: Erdem, Recai
name: Gültekin, Kemal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a toy model of scalar particles with a trilinear scalar coupling in cosmology. The trilinear coupling $ϕ^2χ$ causes production of non-relativistic $ϕ$ particles through the process $χχ\,\rightarrow\,ϕϕ$ where, initially, only relativistic $χ$ particles are present. We consider the initial times of $χχ\,\rightarrow\,ϕϕ$ and observe that the curved space effects promote formation of Bose-Einstein condensate of $ϕ$ particles.
description: Some technical details in the main text are moved to two appendices. Typos are fixed, and the presentation of the manuscript is improved
Inferring the velocity of early massive stars from the abundances of extremely metal-poor stars
Creators: name: Choplin, Arthur
name: Tominaga, Nozomu
name: Ishigaki, M. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of the first massive stars may be inferred by investigating the origin of the extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars, likely formed from the ejecta of one or a few previous massive stars. We investigate the rotational properties of early massive stars by comparing the abundance patterns of EMP stars with rotating massive stellar models. Low metallicity 20 $M_{\odot}$ stellar models with initial rotation rates between 0 and $70~\%$ of the critical velocity are computed. Explosions with strong fallback are assumed. The ejected material is considered to fit individually the abundance patterns of 272 EMP stars with $-4
description: 25 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables, published in A&A
Charge current in ferromagnet - triplet superconductor junctions
Creators: name: Stefanakis, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the tunneling conductance spectra of a ferromagnetic metal / insulator / triplet superconductor from the reflection amplitudes using the Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk (BTK) formula. For the triplet superconductor, we assume one special $p$-wave order parameter, having line nodes, and two two dimensional $f$-wave order parameters with line nodes, breaking the time reversal symmetry. Also we examine nodeless pairing potentials. The evolution of the spectra with the exchange potential depends solely on the topology of the gap. The weak Andreev reflection within the ferromagnet results in the suppression of the tunneling conductance and eliminates the resonances due to the anisotropy of the pairing potential. The tunneling spectra splits asymmetrically with respect to $E=0$ under the influence of an external magnetic field. The results can be used to distinguish between the possible candidate pairing states of the superconductor Sr$_2$RuO$_4$.
description: 15 pages with 8 figures
Supplementary Material on 'Metformin prevents key mechanisms of obesity-related complications in visceral adipose tissue of obese pregnant mice'
Creators: name: Schmitz, Katrin
name: Eva-Maria Turnwald
name: Kretschmer, Tobias
name: Janoschek, Ruth
name: Bae-Gartz, Inga
name: Voßbrecher, Kathrin
name: Kammerer, Merlin D
name: Köninger, Angela
name: Gellhaus, Alexandra
name: Handwerk, Marion
name: Wohlfarth, Maria
name: Gründemann, Dirk
name: Dötsch, Jörg
name: Appel, Sarah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: metformin
proteomic screen
maternal obesity
white adipose tissue
mice

description: Supplementary Material on our Paper 'Metformin prevents key mechanisms of obesity-related complications in visceral adipose tissue of obese pregnant mice'.
Robust phase unwrapping based on non-coprime fringe pattern periods for deflectometry measurements
Creators: name: Allgeier, Stephan
name: Gengenbach, Ulrich
name: Köhler, Bernd
name: Reichert, Klaus-Martin
name: Hagenmeyer, Veit
Publisher: name: Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
Year: 2019

description: Phase-measuring deflectometry is a technique for non-contact inspection of reflective surfaces. A camera setup captures the reflection of a sine-modulated fringe pattern shifted across a screen; the location-dependent measured phase effectively encodes the screen coordinates. As the used fringe patterns are much narrower than the screen dimension, the resulting phase maps are wrapped. The number-theoretical solution uses the Chinese remainder theorem to calculate an unwrapped phase map from repeated measurements with coprime fringe widths. The technique is highly susceptible to phase noise, i.e. small deviations of the measured phase values generally lead to unwrapped phase values with large errors. We propose a modification and show how non-coprime period widths make phase unwrapping robust against phase noise. Measurements with two non-coprime fringe period widths introduce the opportunity to discriminate between “legal” measured phase value pairs, that potentially originate from noise-free measurements, and “illegal” phase value pairs, that necessarily result from noise-affected measurements. Arranged as a matrix, the legal measurements lie on distinct diagonals. This insight not only allows to determine the legality of a measurement, but also to provide a correction by looking for the closest legal matrix entry. We present an experimental comparison of the resulting phase maps with reference phase maps. The presented results include descriptive statistics on the average rate of illegal phase measurements as well as on the deviation from the reference. The measured mean absolute deviation decreases from 1.99 pixels before correction to 0.21 pixels after correction, with a remaining maximum absolute deviation of 0.91 pixels.
Technical efficiency in the Spanish agrofood industry
Creators: name: Apezteguia, Belen Iraizoz
name: Garate, Manuel Rapun
name: Apezteguia, Belen Iraizoz
name: Garate, Manuel Rapun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Spanish agrofood industry
subject: Technical efficiency
subject: Stochastic frontier

description: This study estimates frontier production functions with cross-section data for the Spanish agrofood industry by using deterministic and stochastic parametric approaches. We compute the individual technical efficiency for each firm, compare the results and explain the relationship between technical efficiency and other relevant quantitative variables. The results indicate that the Spanish agrofood industry has a level of efficiency between 68% and 93%; which means that it is potentially capable of increasing production without increasing its consumption of inputs. This efficiency level is positively related to factor productivity and unitary labour costs.
Modifications of Myofilament Structure and Function During Global Myocardial Ischemia
Creators: name: Woodward, Mike K
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2016

description: Cardiac arrest is a prevalent condition with a poor prognosis, attributable in part to persistent myocardial dysfunction following resuscitation. The molecular basis of this dysfunction remains unclear. We induced cardiac arrest in a porcine model of acute sudden death and assessed the impact of ischemia and reperfusion on the molecular function of isolated cardiac contractile proteins. Cardiac arrest was electrically induced, left untreated for 12 min, and followed by a resuscitation protocol. With successful resuscitations, the heart was reperfused for 2 h (IR2) and the muscle harvested. In failed resuscitations, tissue samples were taken following the failed efforts (IDNR). Actin filament velocity, using myosin isolated from IR2 or IDNR cardiac tissue, was nearly identical to myosin from the control tissue in a motility assay. However, both maximal velocity (25% faster than control) and Ca2+ sensitivity (pCa50 6.57 ± 0.04 IDNR vs. 6.34 ± 0.07 control) were significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced using native thin filaments (actin, troponin, and tropomyosin) from IDNR samples, suggesting that the enhanced velocity is mediated through an alteration in muscle regulatory proteins (troponin and tropomyosin). Mass spectrometry analysis showed that only samples from the IR2 had an increase in total phosphorylation levels of troponin (Tn) and tropomyosin (Tm), but both IR2 and IDNR samples demonstrated a significant shift from mono-phosphorylated to bis-phosphorylated forms of the inhibitory subunit of Tn (TnI) compared to control. This suggests that the shift to bis-phosphorylation of TnI is associated with the enhanced function in IDNR, but this effect may be attenuated when phosphorylation of Tm is increased in tandem, as was observed for IR2. There are likely many other molecular changes induced following cardiac arrest, but to our knowledge, these data provide the first evidence that this form cardiac arrest can alter the in vitro function of the cardiac contractile proteins.
Additional file 2 of Expression characteristics of pineal miRNAs at ovine different reproductive stages and the identification of miRNAs targeting the AANAT gene
Creators: name: Di, Ran
name: Liu, Qiu-Yue
name: Song, Shu-Hui
name: Tian, Dong-Mei
name: He, Jian-Ning
name: Ge, Ying
name: Wang, Xiang-Yu
name: Hu, Wen-Ping
name: Mwacharo, Joram-Mwashigadi
name: Pan, Zhang-Yuan
name: Wang, Jian-Dong
name: Ma, Qing
name: Cao, Gui-Ling
name: Jin, Hui-Hui
name: Liang, Xiao-Jun
name: Chu, Ming-Xing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Expression information of small RNA reads in ovine pineal gland.
Hierarchical Optimization Time Integration for CFL-rate MPM Stepping
Creators: name: Wang, Xinlei
name: Li, Minchen
name: Fang, Yu
name: Zhang, Xinxin
name: Gao, Ming
name: Tang, Min
name: Kaufman, Danny M.
name: Jiang, Chenfanfu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose Hierarchical Optimization Time Integration (HOT) for efficient implicit time-stepping of the Material Point Method (MPM) irrespective of simulated materials and conditions. HOT is an MPM-specialized hierarchical optimization algorithm that solves nonlinear time step problems for large-scale MPM systems near the CFL-limit. HOT provides convergent simulations "out-of-the-box" across widely varying materials and computational resolutions without parameter tuning. As an implicit MPM time stepper accelerated by a custom-designed Galerkin multigrid wrapped in a quasi-Newton solver, HOT is both highly parallelizable and robustly convergent. As we show in our analysis, HOT maintains consistent and efficient performance even as we grow stiffness, increase deformation, and vary materials over a wide range of finite strain, elastodynamic and plastic examples. Through careful benchmark ablation studies, we compare the effectiveness of HOT against seemingly plausible alternative combinations of MPM with standard multigrid and other Newton-Krylov models. We show how these alternative designs result in severe issues and poor performance. In contrast, HOT outperforms the existing state-of-the-art, heavily optimized implicit MPM codes with an up to 10x performance speedup across a wide range of challenging benchmark test simulations.
Genuineness and Love: A Study of Feng Menglong's Collection of Mountain Songs (Shan'ge 山歌)
Creators: name: Ye, Yujia
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2016

description: Shan’ge 山歌 is a collection of popular songs in Wu dialect by the late Ming scholar Feng Menglong 冯梦龙 (1574-1646). Due to a lack of detailed literary analysis of the songs, and a lack of appreciation of these songs from the perspective of rhetorical aesthetics, I aim to provide a close reading of the siqing (私情) songs in Shan’ge. With the intention to offer a fresh perspective into the depiction of emotions and sentimental feelings, as well as the various ways of presenting the people’s perception of love and sexual desire in these songs, I endeavor to both enrich the understanding of Shan’ge and call critical attention to the subject mater of siqing. In my thesis, I argue that these Siqing songs are strong spokesmen and representatives of genuineness promoted by Feng Menglong in the preface of Shan’ge. I will examine how genuineness was promoted by the late Ming scholars and particularly, how Feng Menglong views genuineness and how he utilizes genuineness in the songs as a means to promote vernacular literature. The representative siqing songs will be categorized and explored in three sections, with the purpose of answering the following questions: How could Feng’s promotion of these popular songs be situated in the late Ming discourse of genuineness? How does Shan’ge vividly create a world that not only celebrates true and romantic love but also allows the display of the vent of irresistible desire, and the rustic expression of sex? How are carriers of genuine qing explicitly portrayed in these songs through their ingenious conversations and tricks in love affairs? And lastly, how do the songs in different ways showcase a vivid and dynamic picture of a sexually liberate and joy-oriented late Ming Suzhou?
One- and three-dimensional quantum phase transitions and anisotropy in Rb$_{2}$Cu$_{2}$Mo$_{3}$O$_{12}$
Creators: name: Hayashida, S.
name: Blosser, D.
name: Povarov, K. Yu.
name: Yan, Z.
name: Gvasaliya, S.
name: Ponomaryov, A. N.
name: Zvyagin, S. A.
name: Zheludev, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single crystal samples of the frustrated quasi one-dimensional quantum magnet Rb$_{2}$Cu$_{2}$Mo$_{3}$O$_{12}$ are investigated by magnetic, thermodynamic, and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements. Quantum phase transitions between the gapped, magnetically ordered and fully saturated phases are observed. Surprisingly, the former has a distinctive three-dimensional character, while the latter is dominated by one-dimensional quantum spin fluctuations. The entire $H$-$T$ phase diagram is mapped out and found to be substantially anisotropic. In particular, the lower critical fields differ by over 50\% depending on the direction of applied field, while the upper ones are almost isotropic, as is the magnetization above saturation. The ESR spectra are strongly dependent on field orientation and point to a helical structure with a rigidly defined spin rotation plane.
Potential of China's grain production: evidence from the household data
Creators: name: Huang, Yiping
name: Kalirajan, Kaliappa P.
name: Huang, Yiping
name: Kalirajan, Kaliappa P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Production Economics

description: This study investigates whether China has achieved its potential in grain production fully with the existing technology. A stochastic varying coefficients frontier approach is applied on recent household survey data of 1000 grain farmers covering the periods 1993-95. The results indicate that, on average, the actual grain outputs are about 15-35% lower than the potential output. The analysis has identified households' human capital stock, land size and market-oriented reform as important factors contributing positively to grain production efficiency.
Shifts in the Properties of the Higgs Boson from Radion Mixing
Creators: name: Hewett, J. L.
name: Rizzo, T. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine how mixing between the Standard Model Higgs boson, $h$, and the radion present in the Randall-Sundrum model of localized gravity modifies the expected properties of the Higgs boson. In particular, we demonstrate that the total and partial decay widths of the Higgs, as well as the $h\to gg$ branching fraction, can be substantially altered from their Standard Model expectations. The remaining branching fractions are modified less than $\lsim 5%$ for most of the parameter space volume.
description: 17 pages, 7 figs., LaTex; revised version
Error-rate and decision-theoretic methods of multiple testing: Which genes have high objective probabilities of differential expression?
Creators: name: Bickel, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46N60; 46N30; 65C50; 65C60

description: Given a multiple testing situation, the null hypotheses that appear to have sufficiently low probabilities of truth may be rejected using a simple, nonparametric method of decision theory. This applies not only to posterior levels of belief, but also to conditional probabilities in the sense of relative frequencies, as seen from their equality to local false discovery rates (dFDRs). This approach neither requires the estimation of probability densities, nor of their ratios. Decision theory can inform the selection of false discovery rate weights. Decision theory is applied to gene expression microarrays with discussion of the applicability of the assumption of weak dependence.
description: The revision of 3/29/04 has a new subtitle to reflect the changed emphasis
Production costs and input substitution in Zimbabwe's smallholder agriculture
Creators: name: Dalton, Timothy J.
name: Masters, William A.
name: Foster, Kenneth A.
name: Dalton, Timothy J.
name: Masters, William A.
name: Foster, Kenneth A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Production Economics

description: In this study, we estimate production costs and elasticities of factor substitution for Zimbabwean smallholders, using a dual (cost function) approach with detailed data on prices paid and received by each of 65 farms across six survey sites over two years. We find that 95% of observed farm choices are consistent with optimal input use, and that there is moderate substitutability between labor, biochemical inputs and capital. These results indicate that farmers can substitute between factors as relative prices change, particularly to increase labor use as the rural population grows. By stratifying our sample, we investigate the degree to which production costs differ among the socioeconomic groups, tsting for higher costs among female-headed households (who might be subject to gender discrimination), resource-poor farmers without their own draft animals (who might have less timely operations), and isolated farms far from paved roads (who might have less access to markets and information). We find significant support only for the paved-roads effect, indicating the importance of rural infrastracture in determining production costs.
Need for Speed: Die neue Beschleunigungsfreude im Strafverfahren am Beispiel der Untersuchungshaft
Creators: name: Morgenstern, Christine
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: speedy procedure
subject: pre-trial detention
subject: marginalised offenders
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::300 Sozialwissenschaften

description: Sowohl nach nationalem wie nach europäischem Recht gelten für die Untersuchungshaft als ultima ratio der Verfahrenssicherung strenge Anordnungsvoraussetzungen, die von den Gerichten in einer komplexen Prüfstruktur festzustellen sind. Ebenso finden sich normative Verpflichtungen, Strafverfahren in Haftsachen zügig und gegenüber anderen Verfahren beschleunigt einer Klärung zuzuführen. Der Beitrag erhellt, dass in der Praxis zunehmend das eine Prinzip gegen das andere ausgespielt wird und das Bedürfnis, Verfahren schnellstmöglich zu erledigen, die Notwendigkeit einer gründlichen Prüfung der Haftvoraussetzungen überlagert. Augenfällig ist dies für Verfahren eher leichter Kriminalität gegen sozial marginalisierte ausländische Tatverdächtige. Dieser länderübergreifende Befund wird anhand von Ergebnissen einer vergleichenden empirischen Studie zur Untersuchungshaftvermeidung in sieben europäischen Staaten dargestellt. Die beobachtete neue Beschleunigungsfreude lässt sich Erscheinungen der Ökonomisierung und Marginalisierung des Rechts zuordnen, die durch gesetzlich verankerte oder kriminalpolitisch geforderte Möglichkeiten, Strafverfahren zu „effektivieren“, begünstigt werden.
Nonnegative Scalar Curvature and Area Decreasing Maps
Creators: name: Zhang, Weiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $\big(M,g^{TM}\big)$ be a noncompact complete spin Riemannian manifold of even dimension $n$, with $k^{TM}$ denote the associated scalar curvature. Let $f\colon M\rightarrow S^{n}(1)$ be a smooth area decreasing map, which is locally constant near infinity and of nonzero degree. We show that if $k^{TM}\geq n(n-1)$ on the support of ${\rm d}f$, then $ \inf \big(k^{TM}\big)< 0$. This answers a question of Gromov. We use a simple deformation of the Dirac operator to prove the result. The odd dimensional analogue is also presented.
Understanding the crystallographic phase relations in alkali-trihalogeno-germanate perovskites in terms of ferroelectric or antiferroelectric arrangements of the tetrahedral GeX$_3$ units
Creators: name: Radha, Santosh Kumar
name: Lambrecht, Walter R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The alkali-trihalogeno-germanates AGeX$_3$ with A a large single positive ion such as Rb, Cs, or organic radicals such as methyl ammonium (MA), and X a halogen (I, Br, Cl, F) along with the corresponding stannates (ASnX$_3$) and plumbates (APbX$_3$) exhibit a large variety of crystal structures, some of which are of the perovskite type. These materials, better known as "halide perovskites'' have recently gained worldwide attention as promising photovoltaic and more broadly opto-electronic materials. But their stability problems relative to the non-perovskite phases is a major issue. Here we show that the phase relations in these materials can be understood in terms of the relative orientation of the GeX$_3$ tetrahedral units, which is ferroelectric in the perovskite phase but antiferroelectric in the competing phases. This suggests that an applied electric field could be used to stabilize the desired phases and trigger a phase transition between two phases of the material with widely different optical and electronic properties.
Integrable mixing of A_{n-1} type vertex models
Creators: name: Grillo, S.
name: Montani, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given a family of monodromy matrices {T_u; u=0,1,...,K-1} corresponding to integrable anisotropic vertex models of A_{(n_u)-1}-type, we build up a related mixed vertex model by means of glueing the lattices on which they are defined, in such a way that integrability property is preserved. Algebraically, the glueing process is implemented through one dimensional representations of rectangular matrix algebras A(R_p,R_q), namely, the `glueing matrices' zeta_u. Here R_n indicates the Yang-Baxter operator associated to the standard Hopf algebra deformation of the simple Lie algebra A_{n-1}. We show there exists a pseudovacuum subspace with respect to which algebraic Bethe ansatz can be applied. For each pseudovacuum vector we have a set of nested Bethe ansatz equations identical to the ones corresponding to an A_{m-1} quasi-periodic model, with m equal to the minimal range of involved glueing matrices.
description: REVTeX 28 pages. Here we complete the proof of integrability for mixed vertex models as defined in the first version
Estimation of farmers' risk attitude: an econometric approach
Creators: name: Bar-Shira, Ziv
name: Just, Richard E.
name: Zilberman, D.
name: Bar-Shira, Ziv
name: Just, Richard E.
name: Zilberman, D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
Risk and Uncertainty

description: An econometric procedure for estimating Arrow-Pratt coefficients of risk aversion is derived. The model of farmers allocating land among different crops, and time between leisure and labor, allows for testing Arrow's hypotheses of decreasing absolute risk aversion and increasing relative risk aversion. The empirical results support these hypotheses.
Energy-Momentum and Angular Momentum Carried by Gravitational Waves in Extended New General Relativity
Creators: name: Sakane, Eisaku
name: Kawai, Toshiharu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an extended, new form of general relativity, which is a teleparallel theory of gravity, we examine the energy-momentum and angular momentum carried by gravitational wave radiated from Newtonian point masses in a weak-field approximation. The resulting wave form is identical to the corresponding wave form in general relativity, which is consistent with previous results in teleparallel theory. The expression for the dynamical energy-momentum density is identical to that for the canonical energy-momentum density in general relativity up to leading order terms on the boundary of a large sphere including the gravitational source, and the loss of dynamical energy-momentum, which is the generator of \emph{internal} translations, is the same as that of the canonical energy-momentum in general relativity. Under certain asymptotic conditions for a non-dynamical Higgs-type field $ψ^{k}$, the loss of ``spin'' angular momentum, which is the generator of \emph{internal} $SL(2,C)$ transformations, is the same as that of angular momentum in general relativity, and the losses of canonical energy-momentum and orbital angular momentum, which constitute the generator of Poincaré \emph{coordinate} transformations, are vanishing. The results indicate that our definitions of the dynamical energy-momentum and angular momentum densities in this extended new general relativity work well for gravitational wave radiations, and the extended new general relativity accounts for the Hulse-Taylor measurement of the pulsar PSR1913+16.
description: 33 pages
MOESM1 of Effect of Bang® Pre-Workout Master Blaster® combined with four weeks of resistance training on lean body mass, maximal strength, mircoRNA expression, and serum IGF-1 in men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Creators: name: Schwarz, Neil
name: McKinley-Barnard, Sarah
name: Blahnik, Zachary
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. MicroRNA Primer Sequences.
Supersymmetry and the Cosmic Ray Positron Excess
Creators: name: Kane, Gordon L.
name: Wang, Lian-Tao
name: Wang, Ting T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore several supersymmetric alternatives to explain predictions for the cosmic ray positron excess. Light sneutrino or neutralino LSP's, and a fine-tuned model designed to provide a delta-function input, can give adequate statistical descriptions of the reported HEAT data if non-thermal production of the relic cold dark matter density dominates and/or if ``boost factors''(that could originate in uncertainties from propagation or local density fluctuations) to increase the size of the signal are included. All the descriptions can be tested at the Tevatron or LHC, and some in other WIMP detecting experiments.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
MOESM2 of Persistent and sporadic Listeria monocytogenes strains do not differ when growing at 37 °C, in planktonic state, under different food associated stresses or energy sources
Creators: name: Taylor, Alexander
name: Stasiewicz, Matthew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Box plots of average growth rate for L. monocytogenes isolates grown in chemically defined media (DM) at 25 mM concentrations of each energy source. Data includes averages of only replicates whose growth was observed (ΔOD600 ≥ 0.1), in log scale. Groups were created by use of Tukey’s HSD, where the same letters indicate means that are not different from each other.
Towards Low-Latency High-Bandwidth Control of Quadrotors using Event Cameras
Creators: name: Dimitrova, Rika Sugimoto
name: Gehrig, Mathias
name: Brescianini, Dario
name: Scaramuzza, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Event cameras are a promising candidate to enable high speed vision-based control due to their low sensor latency and high temporal resolution. However, purely event-based feedback has yet to be used in the control of drones. In this work, a first step towards implementing low-latency high-bandwidth control of quadrotors using event cameras is taken. In particular, this paper addresses the problem of one-dimensional attitude tracking using a dualcopter platform equipped with an event camera. The event-based state estimation consists of a modified Hough transform algorithm combined with a Kalman filter that outputs the roll angle and angular velocity of the dualcopter relative to a horizon marked by a black-and-white disk. The estimated state is processed by a proportional-derivative attitude control law that computes the rotor thrusts required to track the desired attitude. The proposed attitude tracking scheme shows promising results of event-camera-driven closed loop control: the state estimator performs with an update rate of 1 kHz and a latency determined to be 12 ms, enabling attitude tracking at speeds of over 1600 deg/s.
Prolanceola Woltereck 1907
Creators: name: Zeidler, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Prolanceolidae
Prolanceola

description: Genus Prolanceola Woltereck, 1907
 Prolanceola Woltereck, 1907: 130. Bowman & Gruner 1973: 22. Vinogradov et al. 1982: 88.
 Type species. Prolanceola vibiliformis Woltereck, 1907 by monotypy. The unique type, a male measuring about 12 mm, could not be found in any major European museum and is considered lost. Fortunately, this is a very distinctive species, readily distinguished by Woltereck’s description and figure of the male, later supported by a description and figure of a female (Woltereck 1909). The type locality is the Indian Ocean, near the Cocos Islands [10°08’S 97°14’E]; Valdivia Stn. 182.
 Diagnosis. Body length up to 14 mm. Cuticle with distinct hexagonal markings. Pereon not inflated. Head without rostrum or slightly produced upwards and forwards medially. Eyes consist of chain of five (in groups of 2 & 3) sub-cuticular ocelli, extending dorsally on side of head. Antennae 1 with large callynophore (narrow in female) with one short and two elongated articles. Antennae 2 slightly longer than 1.5x A1; with multiarticulate (5–7 articles) flagellum. Mandibles with rectangular body; third article of palp slightly longer than first and second combined. Maxillae 1; palp without feathered setae on outer distal corner; inner lobe ovalshaped. Maxillae 2 with broad lobes; inner margin of both lobes with row of strong setae together with more slender and longer setae arising from the same base. Gnathopod 1 subchelate, with distally expanded carpus; propodus produced distally into rounded lobes above and below insertion of dactylus. Gnathopod 2 simple. Pereopods 3–5 without retractile dactyls. Pereopods 6 & 7 with small, retractile dactyls; propodus without spoon-shaped process but with large hollow for dactylus. Pereopod 7 with small round/oval-shaped, flat appendage, fringed with fine setae, located midway at base next to coxa.
Monospecific
 Sexual dimorphism. Females have a slightly more robust pereon and the slight dorsal keel of the pereon and pleon is more prominent, with the distal corner of pleonites 2 & 3 sometimes more projected. In males the antennae are relatively longer but their relative lengths are the same as for females and the callynophore of the first antennae is markedly broadened proximally, where as in females it tapers gradually. The presence of genital papillae could not be determined in the only male specimen available for study.
 Remarks. This is a very distinctive genus as noted above. In addition, in the only known species, both sexes have a plate-like appendage at the base of the seventh pereopods; a structure that is not known for any other species of Hyperiidea. The function of this appendage is unknown.
description: Published as part of Zeidler, Wolfgang, 2009, A review of the hyperiidean amphipod superfamily Lanceoloidea Bowman & Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), pp. 1-117 in Zootaxa 2000 on page 66
Tail Dependence is to be Expected Among Crop Yields
Creators: name: Du, Xiaodong
name: Hennessy, David
name: Feng, Hongli
name: Du, Xiaodong
name: Hennessy, David
name: Feng, Hongli
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: actuarial fairness
subject: crop insurance
subject: Gaussian copula
subject: reinsurance
subject: systemic risk

description: Rate setting methods for crop yield and revenue contracts employ methods that presume that correlations are state invariant. Whether this is true matters. If yield-yield correlations strengthen when crops are subject to widespread stress then diversification opportunities for private insurers weaken when most needed. For the government’s book of business, such tail dependence will increase the transactions and political costs of inter-agency reallocation of funds. In this paper we propose a simple model of yields according to interactions between the weather outcome and land limitations as in the United States Soil Conservation Service’s land capability classification. Our model shows that yield-yield tail dependence is to be expected and, furthermore, should take a particular form. Yield correlations should be stronger in the left and right tails than in the center, i.e., U shaped state-conditional correlation is hypothesized. Using Risk Management Agency unit level data and a variety of statistics, we find strong evidence in favor of the U shaped tail dependence hypothesis. But the goodness-of-fit test fails to reject the standard Gaussian Copula model, which can be due to power of the tests, sampling error, and/or relatively weak tail dependence over the sample years. We conclude that existing RMA rate-setting methods are deficient.
Generalized Lame operators
Creators: name: Chalykh, Oleg
name: Etingof, Pavel
name: Oblomkov, Alexei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a class of multidimensional Schrödinger operators with elliptic potential which generalize the classical Lamé operator to higher dimensions. One natural example is the Calogero--Moser operator, others are related to the root systems and their deformations. We conjecture that these operators are algebraically integrable, which is a proper generalization of the finite-gap property of the Lamé operator. Using earlier results of Braverman, Etingof and Gaitsgory, we prove this under additional assumption of the usual, Liouville integrability. In particular, this proves the Chalykh--Veselov conjecture for the elliptic Calogero--Moser problem for all root systems. We also establish algebraic integrability in all known two-dimensional cases. A general procedure for calculating the Bloch eigenfunctions is explained. It is worked out in detail for two specific examples: one is related to B_2 case, another one is a certain deformation of the A_2 case. In these two cases we also obtain similar results for the discrete versions of these problems, related to the difference operators of Macdonald--Ruijsenaars type.
description: 38 pages, latex; in the new version a reference was added
LIVE LOAD DISTRIBUTION FACTORS FOR HORIZONTALLY CURVED CONCRETE BOX GIRDER BRIDGES
Creators: name: Zaki, Mohammed
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2016

description: Live load distribution factors are used to determine the live-load moment for bridge girder design when a two dimensional analysis is conducted. A simple, analysis of bridge superstructures are considered to determine live-load factors that can be used to analyze different types of bridges. The distribution of the live load factors distributes the effect of loads transversely across the width of the bridge superstructure by proportioning the design lanes to individual girders through the distribution factors.
This research study consists of the determination of live load distribution factors (LLDFs) in both interior and exterior girders for horizontally curved concrete box girder bridges that have central angles, with one span exceeding 34 degrees. This study has been done based on real geometry of bridges designed by a company for different locations. The goal of using real geometry is to achieve more realistic, accurate, and practical results.
Also, in this study, 3-D modeling analyses for different span lengths (80, 90, 100, 115, 120, and 140 ft) have been first conducted for straight bridges, and then the results compared with AASHTO LRFD, 2012 equations. The point of starting with straight bridges analyses is to get an indication and conception about the LLDF obtained from AASHTO LRFD formulas, 2012 to those obtained from finite element analyses for this type of bridge (Concrete Box Girder). After that, the analyses have been done for curved bridges having central angles with one span exceeding 34 degrees. Theses analyses conducted for various span lengths that had already been used for straight bridges (80, 90, 100, 115, 120, and 140 ft) with different central angles (5º, 38º, 45º, 50º, 55º, and 60º).
The results of modeling and analyses for straight bridges indicate that the current AASHTO LRFD formulas for box-girder bridges provide a conservative estimate of the design bending moment. For curved bridges, it was observed from a refined analysis that the distribution factor increases as the central angle increases and the current AASHTO LRFD formula is applicable until a central angle of 38º which is a little out of the LRFD`s limits.