cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: CEUS LI-RADS Hepatocarcinoma and other lesions: algorithm, implementation, and special considerations
Creators: name: DIAZ ESCAREÑO, MARCO
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Abdominal Viscera
subject: Abdomen
subject: Contrast agents
subject: Liver
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Contrast agent-other
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cirrhosis
subject: Metastases
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Know the usefulness ofenhanced-contrast ultrasound, properties, technique of use and advantages, focused mainly on liver lesions. Learn the usefulness of the CEUS LI -RADS system for focal liver lesions and the main characteristics that define a...
Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Programs: What Makes Them Effective in Protecting Children?
Creators: name: Kraizer, Sherryll
name: Witte, Susan S.
name: Freyer, George E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: Social sciences--Research
Public health

description: Child sexual abuse prevention programs have proliferated over the past several years. Many of these program approaches, which include plays, games and videos, are visually appealing and highly entertaining, and parents and teachers have widely embraced them. However, despite the popularity of such programs, little effort has been made to evaluate their effectiveness in changing children's behavior. As a result of participation in a sexual abuse prevention program, has a child's vulnerability to abuse been reduced, for example, or has his or her sense of personal safety been enhanced?
Neutrino masses and LFV from minimal breaking of U(3)^5 and U(2)^5 flavor symmetries
Creators: name: Blankenburg, Gianluca
name: Isidori, Gino
name: Jones-Perez, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze neutrino masses and Lepton Flavor Violation (LFV) in charged leptons with a minimal ansatz about the breaking of the U(3)^5 flavor symmetry, consistent with the U(2)^3 breaking pattern of quark Yukawa couplings, in the context of supersymmetry. Neutrino masses are expected to be almost degenerate, close to present bounds from cosmology and $0νββ$ experiments. We also predict $s_{13} \approx s_{23} |V_{td}|/|V_{ts}| \approx 0.16$, in perfect agreement with the recent DayaBay result. For slepton masses below 1 TeV, barring accidental cancellations, we expect $\cB(μ\to e γ) > 10^{-13}$ and $\cB(τ\to μγ) > 10^{-9}$, within the reach of future experimental searches.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, v2: Minor changes
What explains positive social outcomes of community-based rangeland management in Mongolia?
Creators: name: Ulambayar, Tungalag
name: Fernandez-Gimenez, Maria
name: Batjav, Batbuyan
name: Baival, Batkhishig
name: Action, Nutag
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2015
Subjects: community-based management
pastoralism
Mongolia
social outcomes

description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Presented at the Building resilience of Mongolian rangelands: a trans-disciplinary research conference held on June 9-10, 2015 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
description: Community-based rangeland management (CBRM) has been proposed as a promising option to reduce rural poverty and resource degradation in Mongolia. However, results have been mixed. Studies about the factors influencing CBRM success have been limited. We explored the mechanisms underlying social outcomes of Mongolian CBRM. The study revealed that access to diverse information, leadership, knowledge exchange and rules facilitated the effect of formal organization on pastoralists' traditional and innovative rangeland practices, proactive behavior, and social networking. Importantly, information diversity had a triggering effect on the other three facilitating variables. This chain of four mediators collectively increased the effect of the formal organization on the above social outcomes. We also found that ecological zone had a moderating effect on the relationship between formal organization and members' proactive behavior and social networking.
Discount rates, small-scale fisheries, and sustainability
Creators: name: Teh, Louise S. L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In the face of overexploited and declining fisheries worldwide, a question that is central to the future sustainability of fisheries resources is how willing are fishers to sacrifice their current fishery benefits in order to be able to enjoy higher benefits in the future? Fishers’ rate of time preference, or discount rate, indicates how willing they are to delay current consumption, and is the primary topic of investigation in this thesis. I aim to answer three research questions, focusing on small-scale reef fisheries in developing countries: 1) what is the discount rate of fishers?; 2) what socio-economic conditions predict low discounting behaviour among fishers?; and 3) are discount rates reflective of the exploitation status of fisheries? I use an experimental economics approach to elicit fishers’ discount rates in Sabah (Malaysia) and Fiji, and then use regression analysis to identify the predictors of low discount rates. Further, I integrate economic and ecological concepts to infer fishers’ private discount rates, as well as to explore whether discount rates are representative of fisheries exploitation status. My main findings are that, first, small-scale reef fishers have high discount rates, with a plausible average annual range of 100 to 300%. This appears to apply to fishers in both open access (Sabah), as well as traditionally managed (Fiji) reef fisheries. There is a surprisingly larger proportion of fishers with low discount rates in the open access, compared to the traditionally managed fishery. Second, site and fishery level variables predict low discount rates among fishers, but the effect is different depending on the local socio-economic context. Overall however, it is not clear what specific site level dynamics contribute to the lower observed discount rates in Sabah. Lastly, I find that official discount rates that are used for policy making appear to be too low to fully reflect the short term outlook of reef fishers. Fishers’ higher private discount rates may be more likely to capture the exploitations status, and may be more appropriate to use for evaluating policies that affect fishers’ current and future fishing activities.
Neutrino masses in a 331 model with right-handed neutrinos without doubly charged Higgs
Creators: name: Cataño, M. E.
name: Martínez, R
name: Ochoa, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a 331 model with three scalar triplets and neutral fermion singlets. We show that in the 331 model with right-handed neutrinos, it is possible to obtain small active neutrino masses via the double and inverse seesaw mechanisms, without the use of scalar sextets or triplets with doubly-charged Higgs. Two types of models are discussed. If we have a large Majorana mass matrix for the singlets, the spectrum of neutrinos presents light, heavy and very heavy masses. The other possibility is a small (zero) Majorana mass matrix, which leads to pseudo-Dirac (Dirac) heavy neutrinos in the TeV scale, in addition to the active light neutrinos
title: Thoracic tuberculosis - lungs and beyond
Creators: name: Souza, Leandro
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chest
subject: Lung
subject: Mediastinum
subject: Thorax
subject: CT
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Embolisation
subject: Infection
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: 1) To review the different presentations of tuberculosis, not only in the lungs but also in other thoracic structures. 2) To recognize tuberculosis as a potential mimicker for a plethora of thoracic diseases. 3) To understand the radiologist role in...
Research Software (RS) Careers: Generic Learnings from King's Digital Lab, King's College London
Creators: name: Smithies, James
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Research Software Engineering
Human Resources
Careers
Digital Humanities

description: The Research Software (RS) role definitions in this document are based on those used in King’s Digital Lab (KDL). It has been distributed to offer ideas for other eResearch teams across King’s College London, the United Kingdom, and internationally.
Twistorial phase space for complex Ashtekar variables
Creators: name: Wieland, Wolfgang M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalise the SU(2) spinor framework of twisted geometries developed by Dupuis, Freidel, Livine, Speziale and Tambornino to the Lorentzian case, that is the group SL(2,C). We show that the phase space for complex valued Ashtekar variables on a spinnetwork graph can be decomposed in terms of twistorial variables. To every link there are two twistors---one to each boundary point---attached. The formalism provides a new derivation of the solution space of the simplicity constraints of loop quantum gravity. Key properties of the EPRL spinfoam model are perfectly recovered.
description: 18 pages, to appear in: Class. Quantum Grav
title: GHOSTS IN VAROLIOS PONS Understanding the CLIPPERS Syndrome Chronic Lymphocytic Inflammation with Pontine Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids
Creators: name: HERNANDEZ HERRERA, JUAN MANUEL
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuro
subject: Anatomy
subject: CNS
subject: Head and neck
subject: MR
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Education and training
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Identify the CLIPPERS syndrome Chronic Lymphocytic Inflammation with Pontine Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids Guide the diagnosis of CLIPPERS syndrome Refresh the anatomical structures associated with CLIPPERS...
Dense inhibitory connectivity in neocortex
Creators: name: Fino, Elodie
name: Yuste, Rafael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: The connectivity diagram of neocortical circuits is still unknown, and there are conflicting data as to whether cortical neurons are wired specifically or not. To investigate the basic structure of cortical microcircuits, we use a two-photon photostimulation technique that enables the systematic mapping of synaptic connections with single-cell resolution. We map the inhibitory connectivity between upper layers somatostatin-positive GABAergic interneurons and pyramidal cells in mouse frontal cortex. Most, and sometimes all, inhibitory neurons are locally connected to every sampled pyramidal cell. This dense inhibitory connectivity is found at both young and mature developmental ages. Inhibitory innervation of neighboring pyramidal cells is similar, regardless of whether they are connected among themselves or not. We conclude that local inhibitory connectivity is promiscuous, does not form subnetworks, and can approach the theoretical limit of a completely connected synaptic matrix.
Imaging voltage in neurons
Creators: name: Peterka, Darcy
name: Takahashi, Hiroto
name: Yuste, Rafael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: In the last decades, imaging membrane potential has become a fruitful approach to study neural circuits, especially in invertebrate preparations with large, resilient neurons. At the same time, particularly in mammalian preparations, voltage imaging methods suffer from poor signal to noise and secondary side effects, and they fall short of providing single-cell resolution when imaging of the activity of neuronal populations. As an introduction to these techniques, we briefly review different voltage imaging methods (including organic fluorophores, SHG chromophores, genetic indicators, hybrid, nanoparticles, and intrinsic approaches) and illustrate some of their applications to neuronal biophysics and mammalian circuit analysis. We discuss their mechanisms of voltage sensitivity, from reorientation, electrochromic, or electro-optical phenomena to interaction among chromophores or membrane scattering, and highlight their advantages and shortcomings, commenting on the outlook for development of novel voltage imaging methods.
title: Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer
Creators: name: SOTO TRUJILLO, DAFNE
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Breast
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: Mammography
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Education
subject: Cancer
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Obstetrics
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To describe the main epidemiologic and demographic features of pregnancy-associated breast cancer. To describe and analyze the main imaging techniques and radiologic features used for pregnancy-associated breast cancer...
Template-Cut: A Pattern-Based Segmentation Paradigm
Creators: name: Egger, Jan
name: Freisleben, Bernd
name: Nimsky, Christopher
name: Kapur, Tina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a scale-invariant, template-based segmentation paradigm that sets up a graph and performs a graph cut to separate an object from the background. Typically graph-based schemes distribute the nodes of the graph uniformly and equidistantly on the image, and use a regularizer to bias the cut towards a particular shape. The strategy of uniform and equidistant nodes does not allow the cut to prefer more complex structures, especially when areas of the object are indistinguishable from the background. We propose a solution by introducing the concept of a "template shape" of the target object in which the nodes are sampled non-uniformly and non-equidistantly on the image. We evaluate it on 2D-images where the object's textures and backgrounds are similar, and large areas of the object have the same gray level appearance as the background. We also evaluate it in 3D on 60 brain tumor datasets for neurosurgical planning purposes.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, 6 equations, 51 references
Arabic English Codeswitching on Snapchat
Creators: name: Almoaily, Mohammad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 440105
subject: Linguistic anthropology

description: The data are submitted as a supplement to two manuscripts submitted to PLOS One (Code-switching functions in online advertisements on Snapchat) and Open Linguistics (Impact of Gender on Frequency of Code-Switching in Snapchat Advertisements).The data were collected from a sample of Snapchat users who published public content (advertisements) on their profiles. The advertisements were transcribed, and the transcriptions were added to the corpus. No photos or videos from Snap Inc were used as illustrative figures in the manuscript or in the corpus. The purpose of the study is to discover the functions of code-switching in these advertisements. The Snapchat users’ identities were not revealed in the corpus nor in the manuscript. Instead, codes were used (e.g., M1, M2, F1, F2, etc.).
Spatio-temporal variability and predictability of summer monsoon onset over the Philippines
Creators: name: Robertson, Andrew W.
name: Moron, Vincent
name: Lucero, Anthony
name: Hilario, Flaviana D.
name: Lyon, Bradfield
name: DeWitt, David G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Meteorology

description: The spatio-temporal variability of boreal summer monsoon onset over the Philippines is studied through the analysis of daily rainfall data across a network of 76 gauges for the period 1977 to 2004 and the pentad Merged Analysis of Precipitation from the US Climate Prediction Center from 1979 to 2006. The onset date is defined using a local agronomic definition, namely the first wet day of a 5-day period receiving at least 40 mm without any 15-day dry spell receiving less than 5 mm in the 30 days following the start of that period. The onset is found to occur rather abruptly across the western Philippines around mid-May on average and is associated with the set-up of a "classical" monsoonal circulation with low-level easterlies subsequently veering to southerly, and then southwesterly. The onset manifests itself merely as a seasonal increase of rainfall over the eastern Philippines, where rainfall occurs throughout most of the year. Interannual variability of the onset date is shown to consist of a spatially coherent large-scale component, rather similar over the western and eastern Philippines, with a moderate to high amount of local-scale (i.e. station scale) noise. In consequence, the large-scale signal can be easily retrieved from any sample of at least 5–6 stations across the network although the local-scale coherence and fingerprint of the large-scale signal of the onset date are found to be stronger over the central Philippines, roughly from Southern Luzon to Northern Mindanao. The seasonal predictability of local onset is analyzed through a cross-validated canonical correlation analysis using tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature in March and the 850 hPa May wind field from dynamical forecast models as predictors. The regional-scale onset, defined as the average of standardized local-scale anomalies in onset date, shows good predictive skill (r ≈ 0.8). Moreover, most of the stations show weak to moderate skill (median skill = 0.28-0.43 depending on the scheme) with spatial averaging across stations typically increasing skill to > 0.6.
title: The brain in the positron era, not everything is about cancer.
Creators: name: Gómez , Claudia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Hybrid, Molecular and Translational Imaging
subject: CNS
subject: Hybrid Imaging
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: PET-CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Molecular imaging
subject: Dementia
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To review how brain PET/CT is performed and processed. To describe the utility of brain PET/CT in a non-oncological setting. To learn the radiotracers used for brain evaluation and uptake...
What matters most in institutional design for community-based rangeland management in Mongolia?
Creators: name: Ulambayar, Tungalag
name: Fernandez-Gimenez, Maria
name: Batjav, Batbuyan
name: Baival, Batkhishig
name: Action, Nutag
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2015
Subjects: commons institutions
Mongolia
institutional design
social outcomes

description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Presented at the Building resilience of Mongolian rangelands: a trans-disciplinary research conference held on June 9-10, 2015 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
description: This study tested the effect of institutional design principles on social outcomes of evolving pastoral institutions in post-socialist Mongolia. Using data from 77 community-based rangeland management (CBRM) groups and 392 member households, we examined the effect of donor facilitation on institutional design. We found that donor facilitation approach significantly influenced group attributes and their external environment, but not institutional arrangements. The study confirmed that small group size, homogeneous interests, and heterogeneity of well-being are important group characteristics that predict higher levels of information diversity, leadership, and income diversity. Institutional arrangements such as the presence of sanctions, group-devised rules, frequent meetings, and recording documents increased cooperation, rules, and information diversity. Similarly, access to training and local government support provided a favorable external environment for increasing social outcomes. Furthermore, group characteristics such as dependence on livestock, homogeneity of interests, and leader legitimacy were critical for increasing social capital, livelihoods, sustainable rangeland practices, and proactive behavior of members. More frequent meetings of leaders were the most influential for these outcomes. Local government support and available donor support were associated with increased trust and norms of reciprocity, sustainable rangeland management practices, proactiveness, and livestock holdings. Lastly, group attributes and external environment influenced social outcomes of pastoral CBRMs in Mongolia more than institutional arrangements.
Atmospheric Circulation and Composition of GJ1214b
Creators: name: Menou, Kristen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exoplanet GJ1214b presents an interesting example of compositional degeneracy for low-mass planets. Its atmosphere may be composed of water, super-solar or solar metallicity material. We present atmospheric circulation models of GJ1214b for these three compositions, with explicit grey radiative transfer and an optional treatment of MHD bottom drag. All models develop strong, superrotating zonal winds (~ 1-2 km/s). The degree of eastward heat advection, which can be inferred from secondary eclipse and thermal phase curve measurements, varies greatly between the models. These differences are understood as resulting from variations in the radiative times at the thermal photosphere, caused by separate molecular weight and opacity effects. Our GJ1214b models illustrate how atmospheric circulation can be used as a probe of composition for similar tidally-locked exoplanets in the mini-Neptune/waterworld class.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJL
title: Role of Dual Energy Computed Tomography (DECT) in evaluation of Renal stones: What a surgeon wants to know?
Creators: name: Kanwar, Ankita
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Calcifications / Calculi
subject: Surgery
subject: Lithotripsy
subject: CT
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Kidney
subject: Genitourinary

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To elaborate the imaging findings that need to be reported to help surgeons make an appropriate management strategy for renal...
Oscillatory Climate Modes in the Eastern Mediterranean and Their Synchronization with the North Atlantic Oscillation
Creators: name: Robertson, Andrew W.
name: Feliks, Yizhak
name: Ghil, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Meteorology

description: Oscillatory climatic modes over the North Atlantic, Ethiopian Plateau, and eastern Mediterranean were examined in instrumental and proxy records from these regions. Aside from the well-known North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and the Nile River water-level records, the authors study for the first time an instrumental rainfall record from Jerusalem and a tree-ring record from the Golan Heights. The teleconnections between the regions were studied in terms of synchronization of chaotic oscillators. Standard methods for studying synchronization among such oscillators are modified by combining them with advanced spectral methods, including singular spectrum analysis. The resulting cross-spectral analysis quantifies the strength of the coupling together with the degree of synchronization. A prominent oscillatory mode with a 7–8-yr period is present in all the climatic indices studied here and is completely synchronized with the North Atlantic Oscillation. An energy analysis of the synchronization raises the possibility that this mode originates in the North Atlantic. Evidence is discussed for this mode being induced by the 7–8-yr oscillation in the position of the Gulf Stream front. A mechanism for the teleconnections between the North Atlantic, Ethiopian Plateau, and eastern Mediterranean is proposed, and implications for interannual-to-decadal climate prediction are discussed.
What Determines the Position and Intensity of the South Atlantic Anticyclone in Austral Winter?—An AGCM Study
Creators: name: Richter, Ingo
name: Mechoso, Carlos R.
name: Robertson, Andrew W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Anticyclones
Atmospheric circulation--Mathematical models
Meteorology

description: The South Atlantic anticyclone is a major feature of the austral winter climatology. An atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) is used to study the dynamics of the South Atlantic anticyclone by means of control simulations and experiments to investigate sensitivity to prescribed orography, sea surface temperatures, and soil wetness. The South Atlantic anticyclone in the first control simulation is unrealistically zonally elongated and centered too far west—errors typical of coupled ocean–atmosphere GCMs. Results of the sensitivity experiments suggest that these deficiencies are associated with another family of systematic model errors: the overprediction of convection over the tropical land surfaces, particularly over eastern tropical Africa and India, and the concurrent large-scale westward shift in the divergence center at upper levels and the convergence center at lower levels. The results also confirm the important role of South American and African orography in localizing the South Atlantic anticyclone over the ocean. Other factors, however, like the regional zonal gradients of sea surface temperatures, are found to have only a minor impact on the anticyclone. To further substantiate these findings, the wintertime anticyclone is examined using a revised version of the atmospheric GCM. Improvements are found in both the anticyclone as well as the Asia–African summer monsoon circulations. The results demonstrate the existence of links between intensity and structure of the wintertime South Atlantic anticyclone and the major summer monsoons in the Northern Hemisphere.
Electric dipole moment searches: reexamination of frequency shifts for particles in traps
Creators: name: Pignol, Guillaume
name: Roccia, Stephanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In experiments searching for a nonzero electric dipole moment of trapped particles, frequency shifts correlated with an applied electric field can be interpreted as a false signal. One such effect, referred to as the geometric phase effect, is known to occur in a magnetic field that is nonperfectly homogeneous. The increase in sensitivity of experiments demands improved theoretical description of this effect. In the case of fast particles, like atoms at room temperature and low pressure, the validity of established theories was limited to a cylindrical confinement cell in a uniform gradient with cylindrical symmetry. We develop a more general theory valid for an arbitrary shape of the magnetic field as well as for arbitrary geometry of the confinement cell. Our improved theory is especially relevant for experiments measuring the neutron electric dipole moment with an atomic comagnetometer. In this context, we have reproduced and extended earlier numerical studies of the geometric phase effect induced by localized magnetic impurities.
title: GIST tumours, from anatomical to molecular evaluation.
Creators: name: Gómez , Claudia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Oncologic Imaging
subject: Abdomen
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Oncology
subject: CT
subject: PET-CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To review the gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) TNM staging guidelines. To describe the CT and PET/CT with 18 F-FDG acquisition protocols. To learn the malignancy suggestive morphological characteristics at staging and the PET/CT response...
Codeswitching functions on Snapchat.docx
Creators: name: Almoaily, Mohammad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 440105
subject: Linguistic anthropology

description: The data are submitted as a supplement to a manuscript submitted to PLOS One Journal. The data were collected from a sample of Snapchat users who published public content (advertisements) on their profiles. The advertisements were transcribed, and the transcriptions were added to the corpus. No photos or videos from Snap Inc were used as illustrative figures in the manuscript or in the corpus. The purpose of the study is to discover the functions of code-switching in these advertisements. The Snapchat users’ identities were not revealed in the corpus nor in the manuscript. Instead, codes were used (e.g., M1, M2, F1, F2, etc.).
Spatial Coherence and Seasonal Predictability of Monsoon Onset over Indonesia
Creators: name: Moron, Vincent
name: Robertson, Andrew W.
name: Boer, Rizaldi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Meteorology

description: The seasonal potential predictability of monsoon onset during the August–December season over Indonesia is studied through analysis of the spatial coherence of daily station rainfall and gridded pentad precipitation data from 1979 to 2005. The onset date, defined using a local agronomic definition, exhibits a seasonal northwest-to-southeast progression from northern and central Sumatra (late August) to Timor (mid-December). South of the equator, interannual variability of the onset date is shown to consist of a spatially coherent large-scale component, together with local-scale noise. The high spatial coherence of onset is similar to that of the September–December seasonal total, while post-onset amounts averaged over 15–90 days and September–December amount residuals from large-scale onset show much less spatial coherence, especially across the main islands of monsoonal Indonesia. The cumulative rainfall anomalies exhibit also their largest amplitudes before or near the onset date. This implies that seasonal potential predictability over monsoonal Indonesia during the first part of the austral summer monsoon season is largely associated with monsoon onset, and that there is much less predictability within the rainy season itself. A cross-validated canonical correlation analysis using July sea surface temperatures over the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans (20°S–20°N, 80°–280°E) as predictors of local-scale onset dates exhibits promising hindcast skill (anomaly correlation of  0.80 for the spatial average of standardized rain gauges and  0.70 for standardized gridded pentad precipitation data).
Seasonal predictability of daily rainfall statistics over Indramayu district, Indonesia
Creators: name: Moron, Vincent
name: Robertson, Andrew W.
name: Swarinoto, Yunus
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Meteorology

description: The seasonal predictability of rainfall over a small rice-growing district of Java, Indonesia is investigated in terms of its daily characteristics during the September–December monsoon-onset season. The seasonal statistics considered include rainfall frequency, mean daily intensity, median length of dry spells, as well as the onset date of the rainy season. General circulation model retrospective seasonal forecasts initialized on August 1 are downscaled to a set of 17 station locations using a nonhomogeneous hidden Markov model. Large ensembles of stochastic daily rainfall sequences are generated at each station, from which the seasonal statistics are calculated and compared against observations using deterministic and probabilistic skill metrics. The retrospective forecasts are shown to exhibit moderate skill in terms of rainfall frequency, seasonal rainfall total, and especially monsoon onset date. Some skill is also found for median dry-spell length, while mean wet-day persistence and daily rainfall intensity are not found to be predictable.
Minimal genus in 4-manifolds with a free circle action
Creators: name: Friedl, Stefan
name: Vidussi, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let N be a closed irreducible 3-manifold and assume N is not a graph manifold. We improve for all but finitely many S^1-bundles M over N the adjunction inequality for the minimal complexity of embedded surfaces. This allows us to completely determine the minimal complexity of embedded surfaces in all but finitely many S^1-bundles over a large class of 3-manifolds.
description: 19 pages, updated to reflect new results on 3-manifold groups. Some inaccuracies fixed
Nonlinear Conduction by Melting of Stripe-Type Charge Order in Organic Conductors with Triangular Lattices
Creators: name: Tanaka, Yasuhiro
name: Yonemitsu, Kenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically discuss the mechanism for the peculiar nonlinear conduction in quasi-two-dimensional organic conductors θ-(BEDT-TTF)2X [BEDT-TTF=bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene] through the melting of stripe-type charge order. An extended Peierls-Hubbard model attached to metallic electrodes is investigated by a nonequilibrium Green's function technique. A novel current-voltage characteristic appears in a coexistent state of stripe-type and nonstripe 3-fold charge orders, where the applied bias melts mainly the stripe-type charge order through the reduction of lattice distortion, whereas the 3-fold charge order survives. These contrastive responses of the two different charge orders are consistent with the experimental observations.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
Interactions among ENSO, the Monsoon, and Diurnal Cycle in Rainfall Variability over Java, Indonesia
Creators: name: Robertson, Andrew W.
name: Qian, Jianhua
name: Moron, Vincent
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Meteorology--Diurnal variations
Monsoons
Meteorology

description: Using a high-resolution regional climate model--the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model version 3 (RegCM3)--and station and satellite observations, the authors have studied the spatial heterogeneity of climate variability over Java Island, Indonesia. Besides the well-known anomalous dry conditions that characterize the dry and transition seasons during an El Niño year, analysis of regional model output reveals a wet mountainous south versus dry northern plains in precipitation anomalies associated with El Niño over Java during the peak rainy season. Modeling experiments indicate that this mountains/plains contrast is caused by the interaction of the El Niño--induced monsoonal wind anomalies and the island/mountain-induced local diurnal cycle of winds and precipitation. During the wet season of El Niño years, anomalous southeasterly winds over the Indonesian region oppose the climatological northwesterly monsoon, thus reducing the strength of the monsoon winds over Java. This weakening is found to amplify the local diurnal cycle of land--sea breezes and mountain--valley winds, producing more rainfall over the mountains, which are located closer to the southern coast than to the northern coast. Therefore, the variability of the diurnal cycle associated with this local spatial asymmetry of topography is the underlying cause for the heterogeneous pattern of wet south/dry north rainfall anomalies during El Niño years. It is further shown that the mean southeasterly wind anomalies during December--February of El Niño years result from more frequent occurrence of a quiescent monsoon weather type, during which the strengthened sea-breeze and valley-breeze convergence leads to above normal rainfall over the mountains.
Weather Types and Rainfall over Senegal. Part II: Downscaling of GCM Simulations
Creators: name: Moron, Vincent
name: Robertson, Andrew W.
name: Ward, M. Neil
name: Ndiaye, Ousmane
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Rain and rainfall--Mathematical models
Atmospheric circulation--Mathematical models
Meteorology

description: Four methods of downscaling daily rainfall sequences from general circulation model (GCM) simulations are intercompared over Senegal, using a 13-station network of daily observations during July–September 1961–98. The local scaling method calibrates raw GCM daily rainfall at the closest grid point to a given station so that the climatological distribution of rainfall matches the observed one. The k-nearest neighbor and weather classification schemes resample historical station rainfall observations according to the similarity between the daily wind fields from an ensemble of GCM simulations and a historical library of reanalysis [from 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40)] daily wind fields. The nonhomogenous hidden Markov model uses a small set of hidden states to describe the relationship between daily station rainfall observations and low-pass-filtered simulated winds to simulate stochastic sequences of daily rainfall. The four methods are assessed in terms of seasonal statistics of daily rainfall, including seasonal amount, rainfall frequency, and the mean length of wet and dry spells. Verification measures used are mean bias error, interannual anomaly correlation, root-mean-square error, and ranked probability skill score. The k-nearest neighbor and weather-type classification are shown to perform similarly well in reproducing the mean seasonal cycle, interannual variability of seasonal amount, daily rainfall frequency, as well as the mean length of dry and wet spells, and generally slightly better than the nonhomogeneous hidden Markov model. All three methods are shown to outperform the simple local scaling method. This is due to (i) the ability of the GCM to reproduce remarkably well the mean seasonal cycle and the transitions between weather types defined from reanalysis and (ii) the GCM's moderate-to-strong skill in reproducing the interannual variability of the frequency occurrence of the weather types that strongly influence the interannual variability of rainfall in Senegal. In contrast, the local scaling exaggerates the length of wet and dry spells and reproduces less accurately the interannual variability of the seasonal-averaged amounts, occurrences, and dry/wet spells. This failure is attributed primarily to systematic errors in the GCM's precipitation simulation.
Time series analysis of satellite greenness indices for assessing vegetation response to community based rangeland management
Creators: name: Angerer, J. P.
name: Kretzschmar, J. K.
name: Chantsallkham, J.
name: Jamiyansharav, K.
name: Reid, R.
name: Fernandez-Gimenez, M. E.
name: Action, Nutag
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2015
Subjects: Mongolia
NDVI
community-based rangeland management
AVHRR
MODIS

description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Presented at the Building resilience of Mongolian rangelands: a trans-disciplinary research conference held on June 9-10, 2015 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
description: After the transition of Mongolia's agriculture sector to a market economy in the early 1990's, community-based rangeland management (CBRM) organizations have been established across Mongolia to cooperatively manage rangeland resources. We hypothesized that rangeland ecoregions under CBRM would have greater biomass than ecoregions managed using traditional herder practices. We used time series analysis of AVHRR (8-km resolution, 1982 to 2012) and MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) (250-m, 2000 to 2013) to calculate integrated NDVI (iNDVI) as a proxy for vegetation biomass. To address whether CBRM response is scale related, we created buffers of increasing distance around livestock winter shelter locations in soums where CBRM programs had been initiated and soums without formal programs. Spatial averages of iNDVI were calculated within buffer boundaries for each location, stratified by ecological zone. A repeated measures mixed model with yearly rainfall as a covariate was used to test for differences in iNDVI for CBRM status over time for buffer distances of 1, 2, 5, 10, and 30 for MODIS, and 10 and 30 km for AVHRR. In general, results were similar across buffer distances indicating that average vegetation response was similar for distances greater than 1 km around sampling sites. For MODIS NDVI, sites in the Desert Steppe and Eastern Steppe did not have significantly higher productivity in CBRM managed soums over time, regardless of buffer size. Mountain and Forest Steppe (MFS) locations had higher iNDVI in non-CBRM sites throughout the time series for both NDVI data sets, although these differences were not statistically significant. CBRM sites in the Steppe zone had higher iNDVI throughout the time series for both MODIS and AVHRR. Given that these differences occur throughout the AVHRR time series, they do not appear to be the result of CBRM activities. Our findings indicate that differences in vegetation response as a result of CBRM activities were not detected during the time series using productivity proxies from satellite imagery. In addition, the MODIS time series may be too short for detecting CBRM differences since it does not include data prior to when most CBRM programs were implemented.
Fluid-Structure Interaction in Deformable Microchannels
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Debadi
name: Prakash, J. Ravi
name: Yeo, Leslie
name: Friend, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A microfluidic device is constructed from PDMS with a single channel having a short section that is a thin flexible membrane, in order to investigate the complex fluid-structure interaction that arises between a flowing fluid and a deformable wall. Experimental measurements of membrane deformation and pressure drop are compared with predictions of two-dimensional and three-dimensional computational models which numerically solve the equations governing the elasticity of the membrane coupled with the equations of motion for the fluid. It is shown that the two-dimensional model, which assumes a finite thickness elastic beam that is infinitely wide, approximates reasonably well the three-dimensional model, and is in excellent agreement with experimental observations of the profile of the membrane, when the width of the membrane is beyond a critical thickness, determined to be roughly twice the length of the membrane.
description: 35 pages, 16 figures, submitted to Phys. Fluids
title: MRI findings in spongiform encephalopathies: usual and unusual patterns.
Creators: name: Cordeiro de Macedo Pontes, Írline
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Infection
subject: Education and training
subject: Dementia
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Neuro

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Identify the typical imaging features from Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) of spongiform encephalopathies; Recognize some unusual imaging presentations from prion...
Anomalous Hall Effects of Light and Chiral Edge Modes on the Kagome Lattice
Creators: name: Petrescu, Alexandru
name: Houck, Andrew A.
name: Hur, Karyn Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate a photonic Kagome lattice which can be realized in microwave cavity arrays using current technology. The Kagome lattice exhibits an exotic band structure with three bands one of which can be made completely flat. The presence of artificial gauge fields allows to emulate topological phases and induce chiral edge modes which can coexist inside the energy gap with the flat band that is topologically trivial. By tuning the artificial fluxes or in the presence of disorder, the flat band can also acquire a bandwidth in energy allowing the coexistence between chiral edge modes and bulk extended states; in this case the chiral modes become fragile towards scattering into the bulk. The photonic system then exhibits equivalents of both a quantum Hall effect without Landau levels, and an anomalous Hall effect characterized by a non-quantized Chern number. We discuss experimental observables such as local density of states and edge currents. We show how synthetic uniform magnetic fields can be engineered, which allows an experimental probe of Landau levels in the photonic Kagome lattice. We then draw on semiclassical Boltzmann equations for transport to devise a method to measure Berry's phases around loops in the Brillouin zone. The method is based solely on wavepacket interference and can be used to determine band Chern numbers or the photonic equivalent of the anomalous Hall response. We demonstrate the robustness of these measurements towards on-site and gauge-field disorder. We also show the stability of the anomalous quantum Hall phase for nonlinear cavities and for (artificial) atom-photon interactions.
description: 23 pages, 2-column format, 10 figures (final version submitted to Physical Review A)
title: Lobular Carcinoma in Situ: A review and update
Creators: name: Wassef, Shafik
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Breast
subject: Management
subject: Mammography
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: Cancer
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: After reviewing this educational exhibit, the user will have a better understanding of Lobular Carcinoma in Situ (LCIS) particularly: LCIS types and pathological features. Presentation and imaging features Natural history, associated risks, and...