cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Accuracy, probabilism, and the insufficiency of the alethic
Creators: name: Dethier, Corey
Publisher: name: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V.
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Accuracy-dominance
subject: Accuracy-first epistemology
subject: Epistemic utility theory
subject: Probablism
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::100 | Philosophie

description: The best and most popular argument for probabilism is the accuracy-dominance argument, which purports to show that alethic considerations alone support the view that an agent’s degrees of belief should always obey the axioms of probability. I argue that extant versions of the accuracy-dominance argument face a problem. In order for the mathematics of the argument to function as advertised, we must assume that every omniscient credence function is classically consistent; there can be no worlds in the set of dominance-relevant worlds that obey some other logic. This restriction cannot be motivated on alethic grounds unless we’re also willing to accept that rationality requires belief in every metaphysical necessity, as the distinction between a priori logical necessities and a posteriori metaphysical ones is not an alethic distinction. To justify the restriction to classically consistent worlds, non-alethic motivation is required. And thus, if there is a version of the accuracy-dominance argument in support of probabilism, it isn’t one that is grounded in alethic considerations alone.
The method of exchange perturbation theory as applied to magnetic ordering in high-Tc materials
Creators: name: Orlenko, Elena V.
name: Latychevskaia, Tatiana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We unify the method of exchange perturbation theory for multicenter systems. For the case of exchange degeneracy in the total spin of the system we give a secular equation that is more compact and convenient for calculations than those obtained earlier. On the basis of this formalism we develop an algorithm for calculating the Heisenberg parameter for magnetic materials. Finally, we calculate the characteristics of antiferromagnetic transitions for the high-Tc materials La2-xMeCuO4 and YBa2Cu3O6.
Strong mechanical driving of a single electron spin
Creators: name: Barfuss, Arne
name: Teissier, Jean
name: Neu, Elke
name: Nunnenkamp, Andreas
name: Maletinsky, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum devices for sensing and computing applications require coherent quantum systems which can be manipulated in a fast and robust way. Such quantum control is typically achieved using external electric or magnetic fields which drive the system's orbital or spin degrees of freedom. However, most of these approaches require complex and unwieldy antenna or gate structures, and with few exceptions are limited to the regime of weak driving. Here, we present a novel approach to strongly and coherently drive a single electron spin in the solid state using internal strain fields in an integrated quantum device. Specifically, we study individual Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) spins embedded in diamond mechanical oscillators and exploit the intrinsic strain coupling between spin and oscillator to strongly drive the spins. As hallmarks of the strong driving regime, we directly observe the energy spectrum of the emerging phonon-dressed states and employ our strong, continuous driving for enhancement of the NV spin coherence time. Our results constitute a first step towards strain-driven, integrated quantum devices and open new perspectives to investigate unexplored regimes of strongly driven multi-level systems and to study exotic spin dynamics in hybrid spin-oscillator devices.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. Including supplementary material. Comments welcome. Further information under http://quantum-sensing.ch
LGM ice extent and deglaciation history in the Gurktal and Lavantal Alps (eastern European Alps): first constraints from 10Be surface exposure dating of glacially polished quartz veins
Creators: name: Wölfler, Andreas
name: Hampel, Andrea
name: Dielforder, Armin
name: Hetzel, Ralf
name: Glotzbach, Christoph
Publisher: name: New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: beryllium
subject: dating method
subject: deglaciation
subject: ice margin
subject: ice sheet
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: Compared with the western European Alps, the ice extent during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the subsequent deglaciation history of the eastern Alps east of the Tauern Window remain less well constrained. Also, considerable discrepancies exist between the mapped LGM ice margin and the ice extent predicted by ice-sheet models. Here we present the first 10Be surface exposures ages from two regions east of the Tauern Window (the Gurktal and Lavantal Alps), which provide constraints on the LGM ice extent and the deglaciation history. Our results show that the deglaciation of the Gurktal Alps occurred between 16 and 14 ka, which agrees with the predictions from ice-sheet models. In contrast, the 10Be ages from the Lavantal Alps located farther east are either LGM in age or predate the LGM, indicating that these regions were ice free or only partially covered by LGM ice. This finding suggests that ice-sheet models may have overestimated the LGM ice extent in the easternmost Alps. In conclusion, our study highlights the need for more age data from the eastern Alps to refine the location of the LGM ice margin and the deglaciation history, which is also crucial for climate-evolution and postglacial-rebound models.
Spin connection as Lorentz gauge field: propagating torsion
Creators: name: Cianfrani, Francesco
name: Montani, Giovanni
name: Scopelliti, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a modified gravitational action containing besides the Einstein-Cartan term some quadratic contributions resembling the Yang-Mills lagrangian for the Lorentz spin connections. We outline how a propagating torsion arises and we solve explicitly the linearised equations of motion on a Minkowski background. We identify among torsion components six degrees of freedom: one is carried by a pseudo-scalar particle, five by a tachyon field. By adding spinor fields and neglecting backreaction on the geometry, we point out how only the pseudo-scalar particle couples directly with fermions, but the resulting coupling constant is suppressed by the ratio between fermion and Planck masses. Including backreaction, we demonstrate how the tachyon field provides causality violation in the matter sector, via an interaction mediated by gravitational waves.
description: 7 pages, no figures, new section added
A Measurement of the Effect of Intrinsic Film Stress on the Overall Rate of Thermal Oxidation of Silicon
Creators: name: Srivastava, J.K.
name: Irene, E.A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1985

description: The effects of intrinsic film stress on Si oxidation kinetics has been receiving considerable attention in recent years. Oxidation models have appeared that relate the Si-SiO 2 interfacial intrinsic stress to both the interface reaction between oxidant and Si and to a stress altered oxidant transport. The experimental measurement of the film stress itself has been reported, although to date the data is rather sparse. Recently, in our laboratory more extensive intrinsic stress measurements have been made and these measurements will be reported separately. So while the existence of a compressive intrinsic SiO2 film stress has been experimentally verified, the experimental verification of the effects of the stress on oxidation kinetics remains a matter of speculation within the various models.
Additional file 1 of Clinicians’ experience of providing care: a rapid review
Creators: name: Iqbal, Maha Pervaz
name: Manias, Elizabeth
name: Mimmo, Laurel
name: Mears, Stephen
name: Jack, Briony
name: Hay, Liz
name: Harrison, Reema
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Isolating signatures of major cloud-cloud collisions using position-velocity diagrams
Creators: name: Haworth, T. J.
name: Tasker, E. J.
name: Fukui, Y.
name: Torii, K.
name: Dale, J. E.
name: Shima, K.
name: Takahira, K.
name: Habe, A.
name: Hasegawa, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collisions between giant molecular clouds are a potential mechanism for triggering the formation of massive stars, or even super star clusters. The trouble is identifying this process observationally and distinguishing it from other mechanisms. We produce synthetic position-velocity diagrams from models of: cloud-cloud collisions, non-interacting clouds along the line of sight, clouds with internal radiative feedback and a more complex cloud evolving in a galactic disc, to try and identify unique signatures of collision. We find that a broad bridge feature connecting two intensity peaks, spatially correlated but separated in velocity, is a signature of a high velocity cloud-cloud collision. We show that the broad bridge feature is resilient to the effects of radiative feedback, at least to around 2.5Myr after the formation of the first massive (ionising) star. However for a head on 10km/s collision we find that this will only be observable from 20-30 per cent of viewing angles. Such broad-bridge features have been identified towards M20, a very young region of massive star formation that was concluded to be a site of cloud-cloud collision by Torii et al (2011), and also towards star formation in the outer Milky Way by Izumi et al (2014).
description: 12 pages. Accepted for publication in the MNRAS main journal
The legitimacy-conferring capacity of constitutional courts: Evidence from a comparative survey experiment
Creators: name: Sternberg, Sebastian
name: Brouard, Sylvain
name: Hönnige, Christoph
Publisher: name: Oxford : Blackwell Publ.
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: constitutional court
subject: experiments
subject: public opinion
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::320 | Politik

description: Can constitutional court decisions shape public opinion on a governmental policy? Previous studies have focused on the US Supreme Court, which enjoys a high degree of public support as the major resource of power for courts. In this study, we examine the extent to which courts can influence public opinion regarding a government bill at European courts. First, we argue that the public support for courts also allows them to move public opinion on policies into the direction of their decisions. This works in both directions: they can confer legitimacy to a policy that they support, but they can also de-legitimize a policy that they oppose. Second, we argue that this mechanism strongly depends on the amount of support that a court receives. It only has an effect for courts that possess a higher institutional legitimacy and among the group of citizens trusting a court. We test our arguments by combining a most different systems design for France and Germany with a survey priming experiment on a school security bill. France and Germany are selected for a most different systems design as they exhibit different institutional designs as well as different levels of support for the court at the aggregate level. The survey experiment is implemented within large national election surveys, the German Internet Panel and the French National Election Study. Both experiments contain more than 2,600 respondents each. Our survey experiment primes for decision outcomes and different institutions to understand whether there are differences between an institution supporting and opposing a policy and between a court and alternative institutions. Our findings confirm that with higher public support, courts can move the opinion of citizens to both legitimize and de-legitimize a policy. This effect can be found at the aggregate level for a court enjoying higher public support, but also at the individual level for respondents with higher trust in the court. Interestingly, courts can even move the opinion of citizens with strong prior attitudes in the opposite direction, if these citizens highly trust the court. These findings have implications beyond the study itself. First, they confirm that the legitimacy-conferring effect can also be observed for European courts, not only for the US Supreme Court. Second, they show that the relevance of a mechanism identified for a single case, like the US Supreme Court, might only hold for specific conditions. As public support for courts strongly varies across countries in Europe, we also expect the impact of any mechanism relying on public support to strongly vary, as we can observe in our own analysis.
Multiplex measures for higher-order networks
Creators: name: Lotito, Quintino Francesco
name: Montresor, Alberto
name: Battiston, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A wide variety of complex systems are characterized by interactions of different types involving varying numbers of units. Multiplex hypergraphs serve as a tool to describe such structures, capturing distinct types of higher-order interactions among a collection of units. In this work, we introduce a comprehensive set of measures to describe structural connectivity patterns in multiplex hypergraphs, considering scales from node and hyperedge levels to the system's mesoscale. We validate our measures with three real-world datasets: scientific co-authorship in physics, movie collaborations, and high school interactions. This validation reveals new collaboration patterns, identifies trends within and across movie subfields, and provides insights into daily interaction dynamics. Our framework aims to offer a more nuanced characterization of real-world systems marked by both multiplex and higher-order interactions.
description: Arxiv version. Published in Applied Network Science
Additional file 1 of Contextual interference in children with brain lesions: protocol of a pilot study investigating blocked vs. random practice order of an upper limb robotic exergame
Creators: name: Graser, Judith V.
name: Bastiaenen, Caroline H. G.
name: Keller, Urs
name: Hedel, Hubertus J. A. Van
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1:. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 232.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 21.09.2009, 07:15, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2009

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Fact-and-Reflection (FaR) Improves Confidence Calibration of Large Language Models
Creators: name: Zhao, Xinran
name: Zhang, Hongming
name: Pan, Xiaoman
name: Yao, Wenlin
name: Yu, Dong
name: Wu, Tongshuang
name: Chen, Jianshu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For a LLM to be trustworthy, its confidence level should be well-calibrated with its actual performance. While it is now common sense that LLM performances are greatly impacted by prompts, the confidence calibration in prompting LLMs has yet to be thoroughly explored. In this paper, we explore how different prompting strategies influence LLM confidence calibration and how it could be improved. We conduct extensive experiments on six prompting methods in the question-answering context and we observe that, while these methods help improve the expected LLM calibration, they also trigger LLMs to be over-confident when responding to some instances. Inspired by human cognition, we propose Fact-and-Reflection (FaR) prompting, which improves the LLM calibration in two steps. First, FaR elicits the known "facts" that are relevant to the input prompt from the LLM. And then it asks the model to "reflect" over them to generate the final answer. Experiments show that FaR prompting achieves significantly better calibration; it lowers the Expected Calibration Error by 23.5% on our multi-purpose QA tasks. Notably, FaR prompting even elicits the capability of verbally expressing concerns in less confident scenarios, which helps trigger retrieval augmentation for solving these harder instances.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures
The effect of surface orientation on silicon oxidation kinetics
Creators: name: Irene, E.A.
name: Lewis, E.A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1987

description: It is well established that the rate of thermal oxidation of silicon depends on the surface orientation, but a comprehensive model for the role of the surface orientation in the kinetic mechanism is lacking. The results of several experiments designed to develop a better understanding of which surface properties are most important in establishing the oxidation rate are reported. The results indicate that the Si surface atom density is important in the initial stages of oxidation and a revised explanation for the crossover effect is proposed.
The Launching of Cold Clouds by Galaxy Outflows I: Hydrodynamic Interactions with Radiative Cooling
Creators: name: Scannapieco, Evan
name: Brüggen, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To better understand the nature of the multiphase material found in outflowing galaxies, we study the evolution of cold clouds embedded in flows of hot and fast material. Using a suite of adaptive-mesh refinement simulations that include radiative cooling, we investigate both cloud mass loss and cloud acceleration under the full range of conditions observed in galaxy outflows. The simulations are designed to track the cloud center of mass, enabling us to study the cloud evolution at long disruption times. For supersonic flows, a Mach cone forms around the cloud, which damps the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability but also establishes a streamwise pressure gradient that stretches the cloud apart. If time is expressed in units of the cloud crushing time, both the cloud lifetime and the cloud acceleration rate are independent of cloud radius, and we find simple scalings for these quantities as a function of the Mach number of the external medium. A resolution study suggests that our simulations have sufficient resolution to accurately describe the evolution of cold clouds in the absence of thermal conduction and magnetic fields, physical processes whose roles will be studied in forthcoming papers.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, ApJ, in press
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 200.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 18.08.2009, 07:15, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2009

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
The proper role of history in evolutionary explanations
Creators: name: Reydon, Thomas A. C.
Publisher: name: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: how-possibly explanations
subject: natural-selection
subject: honology
subject: origin
subject: chin
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::100 | Philosophie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::800 | Literatur, Rhetorik, Literaturwissenschaft::820 | Englische Literatur

description: Evolutionary explanations are not only common in the biological sciences, but also widespread outside biology. But an account of how evolutionary explanations perform their explanatory work is still lacking. This paper develops such an account. I argue that available accounts of explanations in evolutionary science miss important parts of the role of history in evolutionary explanations. I argue that the historical part of evolutionary science should be taken as having genuine explanatory force, and that it provides how-possibly explanations sensu Dray. I propose an account of evolutionary explanations as comparative-composite explanations consisting of two distinct kinds of explanations, one processual and one historical, that are connected via the explanandum's evolvability to show how the explanandum is the product of its evolutionary past. The account is both a reconstruction of how evolutionary explanations in biology work and a guideline specifying what kind of explanations evolutionary research programs should develop.
Additional file 3 of Clinicians’ experience of providing care: a rapid review
Creators: name: Iqbal, Maha Pervaz
name: Manias, Elizabeth
name: Mimmo, Laurel
name: Mears, Stephen
name: Jack, Briony
name: Hay, Liz
name: Harrison, Reema
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 87.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 17.04.2009, 07:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2009

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Correlated 0.01Hz-40Hz seismic and Newtonian noise and its impact on future gravitational-wave detectors
Creators: name: Janssens, Kamiel
name: Boileau, Guillaume
name: Christensen, Nelson
name: van Remortel, Nick
name: Badaracco, Francesca
name: Canuel, Benjamin
name: Cardini, Alessandro
name: Contu, Andrea
name: Coughlin, Michael W.
name: Decitre, Jean-Baptiste
name: De Rosa, Rosario
name: Di Giovanni, Matteo
name: D'Urso, Domenico
name: Gaffet, Stéphane
name: Giunchi, Carlo
name: Harms, Jan
name: Koley, Soumen
name: Mangano, Valentina
name: Naticchioni, Luca
name: Olivieri, Marco
name: Paoletti, Federico
name: Rozza, Davide
name: Sabulsky, Dylan O.
name: Shani-Kadmiel, Shahar
name: Trozzo, Lucia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report correlations in underground seismic measurements with horizontal separations of several hundreds of meters to a few kilometers in the frequency range 0.01Hz to 40Hz. These seismic correlations could threaten science goals of planned interferometric gravitational-wave detectors such as the Einstein Telescope as well as atom interferometers such as MIGA and ELGAR. We use seismic measurements from four different sites, i.e. the former Homestake mine (USA) as well as two candidate sites for the Einstein Telescope, Sos Enattos (IT) and Euregio Maas-Rhein (NL-BE-DE) and the site housing the MIGA detector, LSBB (FR). At all sites, we observe significant coherence for at least 50% of the time in the majority of the frequency region of interest. Based on the observed correlations in the seismic fields, we predict levels of correlated Newtonian noise from body waves. We project the effect of correlated Newtonian noise from body waves on the capabilities of the triangular design of the Einstein Telescope's to observe an isotropic gravitational-wave background (GWB) and find that, even in case of the most quiet site, its sensitivity will be affected up to $\sim$20Hz. The resolvable amplitude of a GWB signal with a negatively sloped power-law behaviour would be reduced by several orders of magnitude. However, the resolvability of a power-law signal with a slope of e.g. $α=0$ ($α=2/3$) would be more moderately affected by a factor $\sim$ 6-9 ($\sim$3-4) in case of a low noise environment. Furthermore, we bolster confidence in our results by showing that transient noise features have a limited impact on the presented results.
Additional file 2 of Clinicians’ experience of providing care: a rapid review
Creators: name: Iqbal, Maha Pervaz
name: Manias, Elizabeth
name: Mimmo, Laurel
name: Mears, Stephen
name: Jack, Briony
name: Hay, Liz
name: Harrison, Reema
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
Spectral isoperimetric inequalities for Robin Laplacians on 2-manifolds and unbounded cones
Creators: name: Khalile, Magda
name: Lotoreichik, Vladimir
Publisher: name: Zürich : EMS Publishing House
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 2-manifold
subject: lowest eigenvalue
subject: parallel coordinates
subject: Robin Laplacian
subject: spectral isoperimetric inequality
subject: unbounded conical domain
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We consider the problem of geometric optimization of the lowest eigenvalue for the Laplacian on a compact, simply-connected two-dimensional manifold with boundary subject to an attractive Robin boundary condition. We prove that in the sub-class of manifolds with the Gauss curvature bounded from above by a constant Kº ≥ 0 and under the constraint of fixed perimeter, the geodesic disk of constant curvature Kº maximizes the lowest Robin eigenvalue. In the same geometric setting, it is proved that the spectral isoperimetric inequality holds for the lowest eigenvalue of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator. Finally, we adapt our methods to Robin Laplacians acting on unbounded three-dimensional cones to show that, under a constraint of fixed perimeter of the cross-section, the lowest Robin eigenvalue is maximized by the circular cone.
An In-Situ Ellipsometric Study of Aqueous NH(4)OH Treatment of Silicon
Creators: name: Irene, E.A.
name: Gould, G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1989

description: In-situ ellipsometry is used to analyze silicon surfaces in an aqueous NH4 OH ambient. The ellipsometric data indicate that a surface which is optically quite similar to bare Si is obtained when the native SiO2 film is etched from a Si substrate by aqueous NH4OH. In contrast, the surface obtained by etching the native oxide in aqueous buffered HF leads to formation of a residual film on the Si substrate. Roughening of sample surfaces treated with either aqueous NH.OH or BHF is observed by microscopy. The high degree of roughness obtained following NH4OH treatment appears to influence ellipsometric measurements on samples, but this influence is not observed following BHF exposure where less roughness is noted.
Observation of phononic helical edge states in a mechanical 'topological insulator'
Creators: name: Süsstrunk, Roman
name: Huber, Sebastian D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A topological insulator is characterized by a dichotomy between the interior and the edge of a finite system: While the bulk has a non-zero energy gap, the edges are forced to sustain excitations traversing these gaps. Originally proposed for electrons governed by quantum mechanics, it has remained an important open question if the same physics can be observed for systems obeying Newton's equations of motion. Here, we report on measurements that characterize the collective behavior of mechanical oscillators exhibiting the phenomenology of the quantum spin hall effect. The phononic edge modes are shown to be helical and we demonstrate their topological protection via the stability against imperfections. Our results open the door to the design of topological acoustic meta-materials that can capitalize on the stability of the surfaces phonons as reliable wave guides.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 233.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 22.09.2009, 07:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2009

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
The Impact of Phenomenological Control on Altered States, Mystical Experience, Mood and Persisting Effects
Creators: name: Dale, Eugenie
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Altered states of consciousness can induce profound subjective experiences, have positive outcomes for mood and cognition and have long-term persisting effects. However, so far there is little research on individual difference characteristics that might influence the ways that people experience altered states. A new measure, the phenomenological control scale, quantifies the capacity of individuals’ beliefs to subtly shape their perceptual experience. As altered states appear to have potential for positive clinical outcomes and cognitive enhancement, understanding trait factors that may enhance these outcomes will be beneficial. This project examined phenomenological control and altered states across two studies. First, phenomenological control was examined as a moderator of mystical experiences and persisting effects in a large online study investigating multiple forms of altered states of consciousness (spiritual experience, connection to nature, psychoactive drugs and meditation). Second, I investigated the impact of phenomenological control on acute measures of mood and altered state experience in a double-blind laboratory study exploring the effects of low doses of psilocybin. Results across these studies highlight the importance of phenomenological control in determining the quality of altered states that individuals experience across a range of contexts.
When eyes beat lips: speaker gaze affects audiovisual integration in the McGurk illusion
Creators: name: Wahn, Basil
name: Schmitz, Laura
name: Kingstone, Alan
name: Böckler-Raettig, Anne
Publisher: name: Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: attention
subject: female
subject: human
subject: illusion
subject: lip
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::100 | Philosophie::150 | Psychologie

description: Eye contact is a dynamic social signal that captures attention and plays a critical role in human communication. In particular, direct gaze often accompanies communicative acts in an ostensive function: a speaker directs her gaze towards the addressee to highlight the fact that this message is being intentionally communicated to her. The addressee, in turn, integrates the speaker’s auditory and visual speech signals (i.e., her vocal sounds and lip movements) into a unitary percept. It is an open question whether the speaker’s gaze affects how the addressee integrates the speaker’s multisensory speech signals. We investigated this question using the classic McGurk illusion, an illusory percept created by presenting mismatching auditory (vocal sounds) and visual information (speaker’s lip movements). Specifically, we manipulated whether the speaker (a) moved his eyelids up/down (i.e., open/closed his eyes) prior to speaking or did not show any eye motion, and (b) spoke with open or closed eyes. When the speaker’s eyes moved (i.e., opened or closed) before an utterance, and when the speaker spoke with closed eyes, the McGurk illusion was weakened (i.e., addressees reported significantly fewer illusory percepts). In line with previous research, this suggests that motion (opening or closing), as well as the closed state of the speaker’s eyes, captured addressees’ attention, thereby reducing the influence of the speaker’s lip movements on the addressees’ audiovisual integration process. Our findings reaffirm the power of speaker gaze to guide attention, showing that its dynamics can modulate low-level processes such as the integration of multisensory speech signals.
William (Bill) Yewdale Adams 1927 – 2019
Creators: name: Fitzenreiter, Martin
Publisher: name: Der Antike Sudan. Mitteilungen der Sudanarchäologischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin e. V.
Year: 2022

description: Der Antike Sudan. Mitteilungen der Sudanarchäologischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin e. V., Bd. 30 (2019): Der Antike Sudan
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 214.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 01.09.2009, 07:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2009

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
A characterization of b-chromatic and partial Grundy numbers by induced subgraphs
Creators: name: Effantin, Brice
name: Gastineau, Nicolas
name: Togni, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Gy{á}rf{á}s et al. and Zaker have proven that the Grundy number of a graph $G$ satisfies $Γ(G)\ge t$ if and only if $G$ contains an induced subgraph called a $t$-atom.The family of $t$-atoms has bounded order and contains a finite number of graphs.In this article, we introduce equivalents of $t$-atoms for b-coloring and partial Grundy coloring.This concept is used to prove that determining if $φ(G)\ge t$ and $\partialΓ(G)\ge t$ (under conditions for the b-coloring), for a graph $G$, is in XP with parameter $t$.We illustrate the utility of the concept of $t$-atoms by giving results on b-critical vertices and edges, on b-perfect graphs and on graphs of girth at least $7$.
Dwarf on Bird
Creators: name: Vinogradov, Alexey K.
Publisher: name: Der Antike Sudan. Mitteilungen der Sudanarchäologischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin e. V.
Year: 2022

description: Der Antike Sudan. Mitteilungen der Sudanarchäologischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin e. V., Bd. 30 (2019): Der Antike Sudan
BSW phenomenon for near-fine-tuned particles with external force: general classification of scenarios
Creators: name: Ovcharenko, H. V.
name: Zaslavskii, O. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If two particles moving towards a black hole collide in the vicinity of the horizon, the energy $E_{c.m.}$ in the center of mass frame can grow indefinitely if one of particles is fine-tuned. This is the Bañados, Silk and West (BSW) effect. One of objections against this effect consists in that for some types of a horizon fine-tuned particles cannot reach the horizon. However, this difficulty can be overcome if instead of exact fine-tuning, one of particle is nearly fine-tuned, with the value of small detuning being adjusted to the distance to the horizon. Such particles are called near-fine-tuned. We give classification of such particles and describe possible high energy scenarios of collision in which they participate. We analyze the ranges of possible motion for each type of particle and determine under which condition such particles can reach the horizon. We analyze collision energy $E_{c.m.}\,$and determine under which conditions it may grow indefinitely. We also include into consideration the forces acting on particles and find when the BSW effect with nearly-fine-tuned particles is possible with finite forces. We demonstrate that the BSW effect with particles under discussion is consistent with the principle of kinematic censorship. According to this principle, $E_{c.m.}\,$cannot be literally infinite in any event of collision (if no singularity is present), although it can be made as large as one likes.
description: 55 pages
Comparative analysis of the iconographical program of the sacred stands from the temples of Abu Erteila and Wad Ben Naga
Creators: name: Kormysheva, Eleonora
Publisher: name: Der Antike Sudan. Mitteilungen der Sudanarchäologischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin e. V.
Year: 2022

description: Der Antike Sudan. Mitteilungen der Sudanarchäologischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin e. V., Bd. 30 (2019): Der Antike Sudan
A Spectroscopic Differential Reflectometry Study of (100), (110), (111), (311), and (511) Silicon Surfaces
Creators: name: Irene, E.A.
name: Chongsawangvirod, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1991

description: Spectroscopic Differential Reflectometry, SDR, has been applied to study differences in silicon surfaces with different crystallographic orientations and with very thin films. The SDR technique measures the normalized difference in reflectance of two adjacent samples in the spectral range of 250-800 nm at near normal incidence. This study demonstrates the surface sensitivity of the SDR technique to the Si crystal orientations, and to the presence of thin oxide films on the Si substrate. The observed orientation dependent spectral features are interpreted in terms of the current understanding of the silicon orientation dependent oxidation kinetics.
Aerobic Methanotrophy and Co-occurrence Networks of a Tropical Rainforest and Oil Palm Plantations in Malaysia
Creators: name: Ho, Adrian
name: Zuan, Ali Tan Kee
name: Mendes, Lucas W.
name: Lee, Hyo Jung
name: Zulkeflee, Zufarzaana
name: Van Dijk, Hester
name: Kim, Pil Joo
name: Horn, Marcus A.
Publisher: name: New York, NY : Springer
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agriculture
subject: Methane
subject: Methanotrophs
subject: Oil palm
subject: pmoA
subject: Respectively
subject: Tropical soil
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Oil palm (OP) plantations are gradually replacing tropical rainforest in Malaysia, one of the largest palm oil producers globally. Conversion of lands to OP plantations has been associated with compositional shifts of the microbial community, with consequences on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While the impact of the change in land use has recently been investigated for microorganisms involved in N2O emission, the response of the aerobic methanotrophs to OP agriculture remains to be determined. Here, we monitored the bacterial community composition, focusing on the aerobic methanotrophs, in OP agricultural soils since 2012, 2006, and 1993, as well as in a tropical rainforest, in 2019 and 2020. High-affinity methane uptake was confirmed, showing significantly lower rates in the OP plantations than in the tropical rainforest, but values increased with continuous OP agriculture. The bacterial, including the methanotrophic community composition, was modified with ongoing OP agriculture. The methanotrophic community composition was predominantly composed of unclassified methanotrophs, with the canonical (Methylocystis) and putative methanotrophs thought to catalyze high-affinity methane oxidation present at higher relative abundance in the oldest OP plantation. Results suggest that the methanotrophic community was relatively more stable within each site, exhibiting less temporal variations than the total bacterial community. Uncharacteristically, a 16S rRNA gene-based co-occurrence network analysis revealed a more complex and connected community in the OP agricultural soil, which may influence the resilience of the bacterial community to disturbances. Overall, we provide a first insight into the ecology and role of the aerobic methanotrophs as a methane sink in OP agricultural soils.
Classical-like behavior in quantum walks with inhomogeneous, time-dependent coin operators
Creators: name: Montero, Miquel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Although quantum walks exhibit peculiar properties that distinguish them from random walks, classical behavior can be recovered in the asymptotic limit by destroying the coherence of the pure state associated to the quantum system. Here I show that this is not the only way: I introduce a quantum walk driven by an inhomogeneous, time-dependent coin operator, which mimics the statistical properties of a random walk at all time scales. The quantum particle undergoes unitary evolution and, in fact, the high correlation evidenced by the components of the wave function can be used to revert the outcome of an accidental measurement of its chirality.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; Revised and extended version: 8 pages, 6 figures
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 44.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 27.02.2009, 08:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2009

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
D7.9: Hardware developments V
Creators: name: O'Cais, Alan
name: Werner, Christopher
name: Wong, Simon
name: Padraig Ó Conbhuí
name: Jony Castagna
name: Sutmann, Godehard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: E-CAM, HPC, Hardware, CECAM, Materials

description: Update on "Hardware Developments IV" (Deliverable 7.7: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3256137) which covers: - Report on hardware developments that will affect the scientific areas of interest to E-CAM and detailed feedback to the project software developers; - discussion of project software needs with hardware and software vendors, completion of survey of what is already available for particular hardware platforms; and, - detailed output from direct face-to-face session between the project endusers, developers and hardware vendors.
Hamiltonian simulation for hyperbolic partial differential equations by scalable quantum circuits
Creators: name: Sato, Yuki
name: Kondo, Ruho
name: Hamamura, Ikko
name: Onodera, Tamiya
name: Yamamoto, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solving partial differential equations for extremely large-scale systems within a feasible computation time serves in accelerating engineering developments. Quantum computing algorithms, particularly the Hamiltonian simulations, present a potential and promising approach to achieve this purpose. Actually, there are several oracle-based Hamiltonian simulations with potential quantum speedup, but their detailed implementations and accordingly the detailed computational complexities are all unclear. This paper presents a method that enables us to explicitly implement the quantum circuit for Hamiltonian simulation; the key technique is the explicit gate construction of differential operators contained in the target partial differential equation discretized by the finite difference method. Moreover, we show that the space and time complexities of the constructed circuit are exponentially smaller than those of conventional classical algorithms. We also provide numerical experiments and an experiment on a real device for the wave equation to demonstrate the validity of our proposed method.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 65.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 23.03.2009, 08:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2009

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)