cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Towards Dislocation-Free ZnCdTe Solar Cells through Nanoscale Crystal Growth and Compositional Grading
Creators: name: Cruz-Campa, J.L.
name: Zubia, D.
name: Zhou, X.
name: Ward, D.
name: Sánchez, C.A.
name: Chavez, J.J.
name: Aguirre, B.A.
name: Anwar, F.
name: Marrufo, D.
name: Spoerke, E.D.
name: Chan, C.
name: Lu, P.
name: Rye, M.J.
name: Prieto, H.
name: McClure, J.C.
name: Nielson, G.N.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2833-2836
description: CdTe is the leading material for thin-film solar cells due to ease of processing and reduced cost.
However, low conversion efficiencies due to defects in the material are still a problem in these devices. We present a
new approach using micro and nanoscale selective-area growth and compositional grading of ZnCdTe. The approach
offers several benefits that have the potential to dramatically reduce the defect density and increase overall
performance of these cells. This work describes the simulations, methods, and preliminary results to implement
defect-reducing technologies in CdTe-based solar cells. The simulation work proves the concept that using graded
composition/bandgap can achieve efficiencies of up to 24% in CdTe devices. Preliminary experimental work show
working solar cells with diode-like response under illumination. This diode behavior is observed in single isolated
micro grains and in thousands of parallel connected grains. Through the simulations and preliminary experimental
work we are showing the feasibility of using graded selective growth of ZnCdTe to reduce defects and enhance the
performance of CdTe based solar cells.
A Path towards Higher Efficiency in Industrial mc-Si Solar Cell through Multi-Printing Method
Creators: name: Hsu, M.H.
name: Lai, Y.-F.
name: Tsao, C.C.
name: Hsiang, K.-C.
name: Chen, Y-C.
name: Choy, K.-L.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1861-1863
description: The evolution of the one to four-times metal printing on the front side pattern of the 6 inch mc-Si solar
cell has been studied through a well-aligned printing technology. We found 0.25%abs and 0.35%abs efficiency gain for
the second and the third time printing solar cells, respectively, while the fourth time printing solar cell shows a
saturated behavior of the electrical properties despite of its 38.8 μm finger height, but still keeps high Isc, revealing
high accuracy of the printing process. Moreover, for the 2nd printing concept, finger-only and bus-only halftones have
been designed to be printed on the standard front pattern. The efficiency gain of the straight double printing (DP),
finger-only, and bus-only are 0.25%abs, 0.20%abs, and 0.03%abs, respectively. According to our study, the superior
electrical properties of DP method should be referred to the contribution of finger grid.
Generalized Degrees of Freedom of the Symmetric Gaussian $K$ User Interference Channel
Creators: name: Jafar, Syed A.
name: Vishwanath, Sriram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We characterize the generalized degrees of freedom of the $K$ user symmetric Gaussian interference channel where all desired links have the same signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and all undesired links carrying interference have the same interference-to-noise ratio, ${INR}={SNR}^α$. We find that the number of generalized degrees of freedom per user, $d(α)$, does not depend on the number of users, so that the characterization is identical to the 2 user interference channel with the exception of a singularity at $α=1$ where $d(1)=\frac{1}{K}$. The achievable schemes use multilevel coding with a nested lattice structure that opens the possibility that the sum of interfering signals can be decoded at a receiver even though the messages carried by the interfering signals are not decodable.
description: 12 pages
Attosecond resolved charging of clusters
Creators: name: Georgescu, Ionut
name: Saalmann, Ulf
name: Rost, Jan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Attosecond laser pulses open the door to resolve microscopic electron dynamics in time. Experiments performed include the decay of a core hole, the time-resolved measurement of photo ionization and electron tunneling. The processes investigated share the coherent character of the dynamics involving very few, ideally one active electron. Here, we introduce a scheme to probe dissipative multi-electron motion in time. In this context attosecond probing enables one to obtain information which is lost at later times and cannot be retrieved by conventional methods in the energy domain due to the incoherent nature of the dynamics. As a specific example we will discuss the charging of a rare-gas cluster during a strong femtosecond pulse with attosecond pulses. The example illustrates the proposed use of attosecond pulses and suggests an experimental resolution of a controversy about the mechanism of energy absorption by rare-gas clusters in strong vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) pulses.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Carrier Collection in Thin-Film CdTe Solar Cells: Theory and Experiment
Creators: name: Delahoy, A.E.
name: Cheng, Z.
name: Chin, K.K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2837-2842
description: The traditional p-n junction theory separates the total solar cell current into a voltage-dependent dark
current term and a constant (voltage-independent) light current term. However, thin film CdTe solar cells do not
obey the superposition principle. In this work we study the voltage dependence of the collected photocurrent, both
theoretically and experimentally. On the modeling side, we develop new equations for calculating the internal
quantum efficiency based on a linearly varying electric field in the space charge region. Experimentally, we measure
the collected photocurrent resulting from the application of chopped monochromatic light in the presence of a steady
white light bias. We show that the minority carrier diffusion length is intensity-dependent, and that it decreases with
increasing intensity. This is consistent with the published minority carrier lifetime data measured by time-resolved
photoluminescence. We also demonstrate that the minority carrier mobility-lifetime product and the space charge
width can be deduced by fitting the predictions of the new collection equations to experimental data taken at two
different wavelengths.
Additional file 1 of Reversible GABAergic dysfunction involved in hippocampal hyperactivity predicts early-stage Alzheimer disease in a mouse model
Creators: name: Li, Yang
name: Zhu, Ke
name: Li, Ning
name: Wang, Xiaotong
name: Xiao, Xuansheng
name: Li, Linying
name: Li, Lijuan
name: He, Ying
name: Zhang, Jinglan
name: Wo, Jiaoyang
name: Cui, Yanqiu
name: Huang, Haixia
name: Zhang, Jianliang
name: Wang, Wei
name: Wang, Xiaomin
name: Zheng, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Supporting Information.
Interactions between caregiving and sex and the antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination
Creators: name: Gallagher, Stephen
name: Ryan, Ruth
name: Cassidy, Irene
name: Tang, Wenyi
name: Whittaker, Anna
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Objective Antibody response to vaccination is a powerful paradigm for studying the effects of chronic stress on immune function. In the present study, we used this paradigm to examine the interaction between caregiving (as a type of chronic stress) and sex on the antibody response to a single dose of a COVID-19 vaccination; recent research has called for examination of sex differences on health outcomes among family caregivers. A three-way interaction between caregiving, sex, and psychological distress was also examined.
Methods COVID-19 antibody data were extracted from 165 caregivers (98 females) and 386 non-caregivers (244 females) from the UK’s Understanding Society COVID-19 study. Relevant sociodemographics, health and lifestyle, and distress variables were gathered as potential covariates.
Results In a 2 × 2 ANOVA, we found that the interaction between caregiving and sex was significant; male caregivers had a lower antibody response to the vaccine compared to female caregivers (F(1,547), =24.82, p < .001, η2p = 0.043). Following adjustment, male caregivers had the lowest antibody response relative to all other groups. The three-way interaction model, controlling for covariates, was also significant (R2 = 0.013, p = .049); the conditional effects for the three-way interaction revealed that male caregivers, compared to the other groups, had a lower antibody response at both low and medium levels of psychological distress.
Conclusion This study found evidence of a three-way interaction between caregiving, sex, and distress on antibody response. Male caregivers had poorer antibody response to a single shot of the COVID-19 vaccination than female caregivers and male and female non-caregivers, and this was evident at low and medium levels of distress. Our findings will be discussed in relation to the caregiver and sex interactions during the pandemic.
Effects of impurities on Hc2(T) in superconductors without inversion symmetry
Creators: name: Samokhin, K. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the upper critical field, Hc2(T), due to the orbital pair breaking in disordered superconductors without inversion symmetry. Differences from the usual centrosymmetric case are highlighted. The linearized gap equations in magnetic field, with the singlet and triplet pairing channels mixed by impurity scattering, are solved exactly for a cubic crystal.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure
Temperature Damping of Magneto-Intersubband Resistance Oscillations in Magnetically Entangled Subbands
Creators: name: Abedi, Sara
name: Vitkalov, S. A.
name: Bykov, A. A.
name: Bakarov, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magneto-intersubband resistance oscillations (MISO) of highly mobile 2D electrons in symmetric GaAs quantum wells with two populated subbands are studied in magnetic fields tilted from the normal to the 2D electron layer at different temperatures $T$. Decrease of MISO amplitude with temperature increase is observed. At moderate tilts the temperature decrease of MISO amplitude is consistent with decrease of Dingle factor due to reduction of quantum electron lifetime at high temperatures. At large tilts new regime of strong MISO suppression with the temperature is observed. Proposed model relates this suppression to magnetic entanglement between subbands, leading to beating in oscillating density of states. The model yields corresponding temperature damping factor: $A_{MISO}(T)=X/\sinh(X)$, where $X=2π^2kTδf$ and $δf$ is difference frequency of oscillations of density of states in two subbands. This factor is in agreement with experiment. Fermi liquid enhancement of MISO amplitude is observed.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures
Current-induced torques due to compensated antiferromagnets
Creators: name: MacDonald, Paul M. Haney A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the influence of current induced torques on the magnetization configuration of a ferromagnet in a circuit containing a compensated antiferromagnet. We argue that these torques are generically non-zero and support this conclusion with a microscopic NEGF calculation for a circuit containing antiferromagnetic NiMn and ferromagnetic Co layers. Because of symmetry dictated differences in the form of the current-induced torque, the phase diagram which expresses the dependence of ferromagnet configuration on current and external magnetic field differs qualitatively from its ferromagnet-only counterpart.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
รูปแบบการจัดการที่ประสบผลสำเร็จของกลุ่มเครือข่ายวิสาหกิจชุมชน ผลิตภัณฑ์สมุนไพร กลุ่มจังหวัดนครชัยบุรินทร์
Creators: name: ไพศาล มุ่งสมัคร
name: ถนอมศักดิ์ สุวรรณน้อย
name: สรชัย พิศาลบุตร
name: ศิวะศิษย์ ช่ำชอง
Publisher: name: สมาคมนักวิจัย
Year: 2556
Subjects: รูปแบบการจัดการ,ผลิตภัณฑ์สมุนไพร,นครชัยบุรินทร์

description: 3, 18, วารสารสมาคมนักวิจัย
การบูรณาการรูปแบบองค์ความรู้และภูมิปัญญาท้องถิ่นของชุมชนราชธานีอโศก จังหวัดอุบลราชธานี เพื่อเสนอรูปแบบใหม่ของชุมชนแห่งการเรียนรู้
Creators: name: ร้อยขวัญพุทธ มุ่งมาจน
name: ทวีศักดิ์ วังไพศาล
Publisher: name: สมาคมนักวิจัย
Year: 2556
Subjects: ความรู้ ภูมิปัญญาท้องถิ่น ชุมชนแห่งการเรียนรู้ รูปแบบ

description: 3, 18, วารสารสมาคมนักวิจัย
Creative Commons License Use Survey Instrument
Creators: name: Kung, Susan Smythe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Creative Commons
license use
survey
open education

description: This survey instrument is designed to understand how creators use (or decide not to use) Creative Commons licenses. The target survey participants are people who create materials for documentation, maintenance, instruction, learning, and/or revitalization of Indigenous, minority, endangered, and/or low-resourced languages. Part 1 of this survey is designed to learn about the digital creation formats and sharing practices in this specific community of practice. Parts 2 through 4 of this survey contain general questions intended to elicit information about research participants’ knowledge and awareness of Creative Commons (CC) licenses; understanding of how to apply CC licenses to their digital creations; interest in and experience with applying CC licenses to their digital creations; motivations for and barriers to applying CC licenses to their digital creations; and understanding of how to adapt or reuse digital creations licensed with CC licenses. This survey can be easily adapted for use in other communities of practice by editing some of the questions and multiple-choice responses. If you wish to read this survey and background information about it, please start with the file ReadMe-CCLuseSurvey.pdf. The file Creative_Commons_License_Use_Survey.qsf is a Qualtrics Survey File that can be used to recreate this survey in your own instance of the Qualtrics software. The file Creative_Commons_License_Use_Survey.pdf is a PDF of the survey. This version includes Creative Commons graphics that are used in the survey questions. The file ReadMe-CCLuseSurvey.pdf does not include the graphics. A list of the questions can be found in this Google Sheet.
Intersublattice entanglement entropy as an extensive property in antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Hartmann, Dion M. F.
name: Wouters, Jurriaan J.
name: Schuricht, Dirk
name: Duine, Rembert A.
name: Kamra, Akashdeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advancements in our understanding of ordered magnets call for a quantification of their entanglement content on an equal footing with classical thermodynamic quantities, such as the total magnetic moment. We evaluate the entanglement entropy (EE) between the two sublattices of a bipartite ordered antiferromagnet finding it to scale with volume. Thus, the EE density becomes an intensive property and is evaluated to be a universal dimensionality-dependent constant when exchange is the dominant interaction. Our analytic results are validated against the DMRG-based analysis of a one-dimensional (1D) system, finding good agreement. Further, our evaluated EE per bond provides a useful shortcut towards obtaining the central-cut EE in 1D, and the area law in higher-dimensional magnets.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Appendix from Sensitivity analysis of Wasserstein distributionally robust optimization problems
Creators: name: Bartl, Daniel
name: Drapeau, Samuel
name: Obłój, Jan
name: Wiesel, Johannes
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 10205 Financial Mathematics
subject: 10299 Applied Mathematics not elsewhere classified

description: Further results and discussion together with more technical proofs
Hot Carrier Solar Cell Absorbers: Superstructures, Materials and Mechanisms for Slowed Carrier Cooling
Creators: name: Conibeer, G.J.
name: Shrestha, S.
name: Huang, S.
name: Patterson, R.
name: Aliberti, P.
name: Xia, H.
name: Feng, Y.
name: Liao, Y.
name: Kamikawa, Y.
name: Green, M.A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Fundamental Material Studies

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 81-84
description: An ideal Hot Carrier cell would absorb a wide range of photon energies and extract a large fraction of
the energy to give very high efficiencies, up to 65% at 1sun (85% at max concentration), by extracting ’hot’ carriers
before they thermalise to the band edges. The main mechanism for thermalisation is emission of zone centre optical
phonons. A non-equilibrium population of optical phonons restrict further carrier cooling. Mechanisms for
increasing this “phonon bottleneck” are discussed, either in terms of confinement of phonon modes in nanostructures
or in prevention of phonon decay in phononic band gap materials. Absorber properties are then and structures which
combine some of these properties suggested. Progress towards absorbers is being made for implementation in real
devices.
Antibacterial Activity of Bauhinia sirindhorniae Extract Against Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Hybrid catfish
Creators: name: Nudtha NITHIKULWORAWONG
Publisher: name: Walailak University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Antibacterial, Bauhinia sirindhorniae extract, indigenous plant, Aeromonas hydrophila, hybrid catfish

description: 3, 9, Walailak Journal of Science and Technology
A New Solar Cell Modeling for CdTe Solar Cell
Creators: name: Wang, Z.
name: Cheng, Z.
name: Delahoy, A.E.
name: Chin, K.K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2843-2846
description: Two different features of CdS/CdTe solar cells compared to Silicon are pointed out: (1) the forward
biased current is dependent on optical power input; (2) Jph is output voltage V dependent. A new model is proposed to
describe these different features based on assumption that high concentration of trapping levels are distributed
uniformly within bandgap. Simulation of such model has demonstrated that recombination couples with optical
generation, as a result forward current increases as incident illumination intensifies, and collection efficiency
decreases with increment in forward voltage bias.
Effect of Fungicide Treatment on Dielectric Properties of Few Coarse-Cereals Over the Frequency Range of 0.01 to 10 MHz
Creators: name: Vishal Singh CHANDEL, Atiq Ur RAHMAN
Publisher: name: Walailak University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Dielectric constant, dielectric loss, moisture content, coarse-cereals, fungicides

description: 3, 9, Walailak Journal of Science and Technology
Quantifying the charge carrier interaction in metallic twisted graphene superlattices
Creators: name: Talantsev, E. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanism of charge carrier interaction in twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) remains an unresolved problem, where some researchers proposed the dominance of the electron-phonon interaction, while the others showed evidence for electron-electron or electron-magnon interactions. Here we propose to resolve this problem by generalizing the Bloch-Grüneisen equation and using it for the analysis of the temperature dependent resistivity in TBG. It is a well-established theoretical result that the Bloch-Grüneisen equation power-law exponent, n, exhibits exact integer values for certain mechanisms. For instance, n=5 implies the electron-phonon interaction, n=3 is associated with electron-magnon interaction and n=2 applies to the electron-electron interaction. Here we interpret the linear temperature-dependent resistance, widely observed in TBG, as n$\rightarrow$1, which implies the quasielastic charge interaction with acoustic phonons. Thus, we fitted TBG resistance curves to the Bloch-Grüneisen equation, where we propose that n is a free-fitting parameter. We found that TBGs have a smoothly varied n-value (ranging from 1.4 to 4.4) depending on the Moiré superlattice constant, $λ$, or the charge carrier concentration. This implies that different mechanisms smoothly transition from one to another. The proposed generalized Bloch-Grüneisen equation is applicable to a wide range of problems, including the Earth geology.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures
Product preserving bundle functors on multifibered and multifoliate manifolds
Creators: name: Shurygin, Vadim V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58A05, 58A32

description: We show that the set of the equivalence classes of multifoliate structures is in one-to-one correspondence with the set of equivalence classes of finite complete projective systems of vector space epimorphisms. After that we give the complete description of all product preserving bundle functors on the categories of multifibered and multifoliate manifolds.
description: 16 pages
Model-Based Method for Maximum Power Point Tracking of PV Modules
Creators: name: Spanoche, S.
name: Stewart, D.
name: Hawley, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Balance of System Components

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3661-3664
description: A new Model-based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method that improves upon the current
state of the art MPPT algorithms is presented. The new method offers the advantages of directly calculating the
maximum power point using the unique module I-V curve based on present operating conditions of the panel. The
measured operating parameters of the module are the module voltage, module current, and back skin temperature.
Measured parameters are passed into a thermal and electric model of the specific I-V module which will calculate the
I-V curve unique to the current operating conditions. Once the exact I-V curve is known, the Maximum Power Point
(MPP) is determined precisely, and the PV module integrated inverter or converter will target the new maximum
power point. If the present operating conditions change, then the I-V curve will be updated and a new maximum
power point will be calculated accordingly. Model-based I-V curve generation also offers the advantage to compare a
predicted, uniformly illuminated I-V curve against a measured curve, potentially in a partial shaded condition. Should
the non-uniform condition be identified, a predefined “safe” operating region can be enforced to prevent or reduce the
effects of reverse bias induced hot spots.
Additional file 1 of Caveolin-1 mediates soft scaffold-enhanced adipogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells
Creators: name: Xiang, Shiqi
name: Li, Zhong
name: Fritch, Madalyn R.
name: Li, La
name: Velankar, Sachin
name: Liu, Yuwei
name: Sohn, Jihee
name: Baker, Natasha
name: Lin, Hang
name: Tuan, Rocky S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Relative expression levels of adipogenic marker genes in hBMSCs cultured under adipogenic conditions (AM) in soft or stiff scaffolds. Data are normalized to that from Soft-GM group (cultured under control growth conditions). N = 4. *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ****, p<0.0001. GM = growth medium; AM = adipogenic medium. Figure S2. Relative expression level of CAV1 at 48 h after transfection. Data are normalized to that in CTRL group, which was not treated with siRNA or transfection agents. N = 4. ***, p<0.001; ****, p<0.0001. Table S1. Primer sequences for qRT-qPCR. Table S2. Information of antibodies used in this study.
Complexity results for CR mappings between spheres
Creators: name: D'Angelo, John P.
name: Lebl, Jiri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32H02; 32H35; 32V99; 14P05; 11D09; 11E39; 57S25

description: Using elementary number theory, we prove several results about the complexity of CR mappings between spheres. It is known that CR mappings between spheres, invariant under finite groups, lead to sharp bounds for degree estimates on real polynomials constant on a hyperplane. We show here that there are infinitely many degrees for which the uniqueness of sharp examples fails. The proof uses a Pell equation and complicated explicit computations. We also show that the so-called gap phenomenon for proper mappings between balls does not occur beyond a certain target dimension. This proof uses the solution of the postage stamp problem.
description: 15 pages, latex, improved corollary 2
Lifetime Warranty Testing of Crystalline Silicon Modules for Potential-Induced Degradation
Creators: name: Nagel, H.
name: Pfeiffer, R.
name: Raykov, A.
name: Wangemann, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3163-3166
description: PID tests as proposed by the IEC working group are not adapted to arbitrary module packages
and climates. As a consequence, they do not fulfil the requirements of a lifetime warranty test. In this
work we investigated an approach to overcome this limitation: a 2 step test sequence. In the first step an accelerated
test is executed at constant elevated temperature, high voltage and high relative humidity or with conductive
layer on the front glass. This keeps the total test period short. If PID exceeds a pre-defined threshold,
the 2nd test phase starts in which a harsh realistic climate is applied. Modules which are PID resistant under the
accelerated test conditions in the first phase of the sequence are PID resistant in the field. Modules which
degrade during the first accelerated test pass or fail the overall test depending on their degradation or regeneration
in the second phase. First practical experience with the test sequence is described.
Comparison of multifrequency positions of extragalactic sources from global geodetic VLBI monitoring program and Gaia EDR3
Creators: name: Liu, Niu
name: Lambert, Sebastien
name: Charlot, Patrick
name: Zhu, Zi
name: Liu, Jia-Cheng
name: Jiang, Nan
name: Wan, Xiao-Sheng
name: Ding, Cheng-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend previous works by considering two additional radio frequencies (K band and X/Ka band) with the aim to study the frequency dependence of the source positions and its potential connection with the physical properties of the underlying AGN. We compared the absolute source positions measured at four different wavelengths, that is, the optical position from the Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) and the radio positions at the dual S/X, X/Ka combinations and at K band, as available from the third realization of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF3), for 512 common sources. We first aligned the three ICRF3 individual catalogs onto the Gaia EDR3 frame and compare the optical-to-radio offsets before and after the alignment. Then we studied the correlation of optical-to-radio offsets with the observing (radio) frequency, source morphology, magnitude, redshift, and source type. The deviation among optical-to-radio offsets determined in the different radio bands is less than 0.5 mas, but there is statistical evidence that the optical-to-radio offset is smaller at K band compared to S/X band for sources showing extended structures. The optical-to-radio offset was found to statistically correlate with the structure index. Large optical-to-radio offsets appear to favor faint sources but are well explained by positional uncertainty, which is also larger for these sources. We did not detect any statistically significant correlation between the optical-to-radio offset and the redshift. The radio source structure might also be a major cause for the radio-to-optical offset. For the alignment of with the Gaia celestial reference frame, the S/X band frame remains the preferred choice at present.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in A&A
The Mid-Infrared Colors of the ISM and Extended Sources at the Galactic Center
Creators: name: Arendt, R. G.
name: Stolovy, S. R.
name: Ramírez, S. V.
name: Sellgren, K.
name: Cotera, A. S.
name: Law, C. J.
name: Yusef-Zadeh, F.
name: Smith, H. A.
name: Gezari, D. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A mid-infrared (3.6-8 um) survey of the Galactic Center has been carried out with the IRAC instrument on the Spitzer Space Telescope. This survey covers the central 2x1.4 degree (~280x200 pc) of the Galaxy. At 3.6 and 4.5 um the emission is dominated by stellar sources, the fainter ones merging into an unresolved background. At 5.8 and 8 um the stellar sources are fainter, and large-scale diffuse emission from the ISM of the Galaxy's central molecular zone becomes prominent. The survey reveals that the 8 to 5.8 um color of the ISM emission is highly uniform across the surveyed region. This uniform color is consistent with a flat extinction law and emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Models indicate that this broadband color should not be expected to change if the incident radiation field heating the dust and PAHs is <10^4 times that of the solar neighborhood. The few regions with unusually red emission are areas where the PAHs are underabundant and the radiation field is locally strong enough to heat large dust grains to produce significant 8 um emission. These red regions include compact H II regions, Sgr B1, and wider regions around the Arches and Quintuplet Clusters. In these regions the radiation field is >10^4 times that of the solar neighborhood. Other regions of very red emission indicate cases where thick dust clouds obscure deeply embedded objects or very early stages of star formation.
description: 37 pages, 15 Postscript figures (low resolution). Accepted for publication in the ApJ
Influence of group characteristics on agent voting
Creators: name: Maleszka, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.6.3; J.4

description: A collective of identical agents in a multi-agent system often works together towards the common goal. In situations where no supervisor agents are present to make decisions for the group, these agents must achieve some consensus via negotiations and other types of communications. We have previously shown that the structure of the group and the priority of communication has a high influence on the group decision if consensus theory methods are used. In this paper, we explore the influence of preferential communication channels in asynchronous group communication in situations, where majority vote and dominant value are used. We also show how this relates to consensus approach in such groups and how to use a combination of both approaches to improve performance of real-life multi-agent systems.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, paper from the conference ACIIDS 2017
Controlling the conductance and noise of driven carbon-based Fabry-Perot devices
Creators: name: Torres, L. E. F. Foa
name: Cuniberti, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on ac transport through carbon nanotube Fabry-Perot devices. We show that tuning the intensity of the ac gating induces an alternation of suppression and partial revival of the conductance interference pattern. For frequencies matching integer multiples of the level spacing of the system $Δ$ the conductance remains irresponsive to the external field. In contrast, the noise in the low bias voltage limit behaves as in the static case only when the frequency matches an even multiple of the level spacing, thereby highlighting its phase sensitivity in a manifestation of the wagon-wheel effect in the quantum domain.
description: 3+ pages, 3 figures. Slightly shortened version to appear in Applied Physics Letters
The Principle of Global Relativity
Creators: name: van der Bij, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the non-minimal Standard Model, consisting of minimalistic extensions of the Standard Model, which for all we know is the theory of the universe, able to describe all of the universe from the beginning of time. Extensions discussed are an extra neutrino and a new Higgs model. We introduce the principle of global relativity and discuss how the theory can be largely derived from this principle. One is led to the unification of forces into SU(5) and a form of dark matter. We discuss the limitations of the theory, showing that it is not the theory of everything. However we argue that it is the only part, that is within conceivable reach of physical experiment or astronomical observations. It is argued, that at the Planck scale the universe is effectively three-dimensional.
description: In memoriam Prof. M.J.G. Veltman, to appear in Acta Physica Polonica, 24 pages
Commutator Relations Reveal Solvable Structures in Unambiguous State Discrimination
Creators: name: Kleinmann, M.
name: Kampermann, H.
name: Raynal, Ph.
name: Bruss, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a criterion, based on three commutator relations, that allows to decide whether two self-adjoint matrices with non-overlapping support are simultaneously unitarily similar to quasidiagonal matrices, i.e., whether they can be simultaneously brought into a diagonal structure with 2x2-dimensional blocks. Application of this criterion to unambiguous state discrimination provides a systematic test whether the given problem is reducible to a solvable structure. As an example, we discuss unambiguous state comparison.
description: 5 pages, discussion of related work added
Variability of the Solar Resource and Grid Operation Impacts
Creators: name: Aukai, T.
name: Barker, C.
name: Davis, R.
name: Heilscher, G.
name: Nakafuji, D.
name: Stewart, E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV - a Major Electricity Source
PV in the Electricity Mix

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4598-4603
description: The interaction and coordination between On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC), capacitor, and inverter
operations for increased PV penetration and varying operational scenarios are a concern of many transmission and
distribution system operators, but is not normally considered part of the interconnection study. Long term variability
impacts of variable resources on regulation equipment must be quantified to reach mandated renewable penetration
levels, and maintain security of supply. This issue is generally not a problem for single distribution sites, but when a
large cluster or node of sites experiences highly variable cloud cover, there could be increased tap changer operations,
and other adverse impacts. Renewable generation is growing at a rapid rate due to the incentives available and the
aggressive renewable portfolio standard (RPS) targets implemented by state governments. The High Penetration PV
(HiP-PV) project on Oahu aims to understand the effects of high penetration PV on the distribution level, to identify
penetration levels creating disturbances on the circuit, and to offer mitigating solutions based on model results. This
paper evaluates the variability of the solar resources based on a one year measured dataset from Hawaii on the island
of Oahu and presents a preliminary study into voltage regulation impacts for a large distribution level PV site.
Magnetic and electronic ordering phenomena in the [Ru$_2$O$_6$] honeycomb lattice compound AgRuO$_3$
Creators: name: Schnelle, Walter
name: Prasad, Beluvalli E.
name: Felser, Claudia
name: Jansen, Martin
name: Komleva, Evgenia V.
name: Streltsov, Sergey V.
name: Mazin, Igor I.
name: Khalyavin, Dmitry
name: Manuel, Pascal
name: Pal, Sukanya
name: Muthu, D. V. S.
name: Sood, A. K.
name: Klyushina, Ekaterina S.
name: Lake, Bella
name: Orain, Jean-Christophe
name: Luetkens, Hubertus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The silver ruthenium oxide AgRuO$_3$ consists of honeycomb [Ru$_2^{5+}$O$_6^{2-}$] layers, and can be considered an analogue of SrRu$_2$O$_6$ with a different intercalation stage. We present measurements of magnetic susceptibility and specific heat on AgRuO$_3$ single crystals which reveal a sharp antiferromagnetic transition at 342(3)K. The electrical transport in single crystals of AgRuO$_3$ is determined by a combination of activated conduction over an intrinsic semiconducting gap of $\approx$ 100 meV and carriers trapped and thermally released from defects. From powder neutron diffraction data a Néel-type antiferromagnetic structure with the Ru moments along the $c$ axis is derived. Raman and muon spin rotation spectroscopy measurements on AgRuO$_3$ powder samples indicate a further weak phase transition or a crossover in the temperature range 125-200 K. The transition does not show up in magnetic susceptibility and its origin is argued to be related to defects but cannot be fully clarified. The experimental findings are complemented by DFT-based electronic structure calculations. It is found that the magnetism in AgRuO$_3$ is similar to that of SrRu$_2$O$_6$, however with stronger intralayer and weaker interlayer magnetic exchange interactions.
description: 13 pages, 16 figures, includes supplement 3 pages, 3 figures
Sakai-Sugimoto model, Tachyon Condensation and Chiral symmetry Breaking
Creators: name: Dhar, Avinash
name: Nag, Partha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We modify the Sakai-Sugimoto model of chiral symmetry breaking to take into account the open string tachyon which stretches between the flavour D8-branes and anti D8-branes. There are several reasons of consistency for doing this: (i) Even if it might be reasonable to ignore the tachyon in the ultraviolet where the flavour branes and antibranes are well separated and the tachyon is small, it is likely to condense and acquire large values in the infrared where the branes meet. This takes the system far away from the perturbatively stable minimum of the Sakai-Sugimoto model; (ii) The bifundamental coupling of the tachyon to fermions of opposite chirality makes it a suitable candidate for the quark mass and chiral condensate parameters. We show that the modified Sakai-Sugimoto model with the tachyon present has a classical solution satisfying all the desired consistency properties. In this solution chiral symmetry breaking coincides with tachyon condensation. We identify the parameters corresponding to the quark mass and the chiral condensate and also briefly discuss the mesonic spectra.
description: 18 pages, latex; v3; conclusion in subsection 3.1 modified and appropriate changes made in the abstract and introduction to reflect this; typos corrected; version to appear in JHEP
Intermediate filaments in Sertoli cells : distribution and possible function
Creators: name: Amlani, Shahira R.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The distribution of vimentin intermediate filaments in Sertoli cells during spermatogenesis was observed with immunofluorescence, and was confirmed with electron microscopy. The distribution of vimentin filaments within Sertoli cells changes with changes in the germ cell population. At stages where elongate spermatids reside in crypts located deep within the seminiferous epithelium, groups of eight to twelve intermediate filaments were consistently found at the convex surface of the spermatid heads. Here the filaments are in close association with ectoplasmic specializations. At later stages of spermatogenesis, intermediate filaments are not found in crypt areas. Because of their association with particular stages of developing germ cells, intermediate filaments in Sertoli cells may be involved in the attachment and positioning of developing germ cells within the seminiferous epithelium. Intermedate filaments in general are thought to be involved in anchoring the nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles within a cell. In order to test this hypothesis, acrylamide, a specific perturbant of intermediate filaments in vitro, was perfused through rat and ground squirrel testes in order to perturbate the intermediate filament system within Sertoli cells. No effects of acrylamide on intermediate filaments were observed in vivo at either the light microscopic or ultrastructural level. However, toxic effects were observed upon treatment with high concentrations of acrylamide, indicating that Sertoli cells and associated germ cells were indeed exposed to the perturbant. Based on these studies, one can conclude that: (1) vimentin filaments in Sertoli cells change their distribution during spermatogenesis; (2) vimentin filaments are closely associated with specific stages of developing germ cells, and may be involved in the positioning and attachment of these cells to Sertoli cells within the seminiferous epithelium, and (3) acrylamide has no effect on vimentin filaments in Sertoli cells in vivo.
Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state in disordered s-wave superconductors
Creators: name: Cui, Qinghong
name: Yang, Kun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state is a superconducting state stabilized by a large Zeeman splitting between up- and down-spin electrons in a singlet superconductor. In the absence of disorder, the superconducting order parameter has a periodic spatial structure, with periodicity determined by the Zeeman splitting. Using the Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) approach, we investigate the spatial profiles of the order parameters of FFLO states in a two-dimensional s-wave superconductors with nonmagnetic impurities. The FFLO state is found to survive under moderate disorder strength, and the order parameter structure remains approximately periodic. The actual structure of the order parameter depends on not only the Zeeman field, but also the disorder strength and in particular the specific disorder configuration.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures; minor change to text and added references; version as published
Nigeria: Determinants of Projected Level of Demand, Supply, and Imports of Farm Products in 1965 and 1975
Creators: name: Stewart, Ian G.
name: Ogley, R. C.
name: Wright, W. D. C
name: Stewart, Ian G.
name: Ogley, R. C.
name: Wright, W. D. C
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1962
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Consumer/Household Economics
Crop Production/Industries
Demand and Price Analysis
International Relations/Trade
Livestock Production/Industries
Public Economics
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpt from the report Summary: Nigeria is a parliamentary federation within the British Commonwealth of independent nations. The population is estimated to be currently (1962) approaching the 40 million level, making the country the single most populous country on the whole continent of Africa, with roughly 15 per cent of the African continental aggregate. The area of Nigeria is equivalent to Texas and Now Mexico put together, so that population density is now some 100 persons to the square mile. This is a high figure by African standards, but not one that gives cause for any immediate general anxiety. Cultivable land, of variable fertility, remains more than sufficient, taking the country as a whole, to maintain the present population at its present level of consumption. There is scope for improvement in agricultural productivity and need for a better diet throughout most of the country. The main dietary deficiency relates to meat protein, especially in the Western and Eastern Regions. Much of the Northern Region is tsetse-free, and the meat supply could be expanded if the distributive costs could be reduced to bring the product within the limited purchasing power of areas particularly short of proteins.
description: This Report was prepared for the Economic Research Service and the Foreign Agricultural Service of the United States Department of Agriculture under contract with the Department of Political Economy, University of Edinburgh, Scotland. It is an independent study and is being published in the form in which it was submitted. The views expressed herein are those of the Project Team and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of Agriculture. In the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the contract was administered by the Regional Analysis Division, Economic Research Service. British spelling and style have been retained.