cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Das Projekt "Denken lernen – Probleme lösen (DLPL)"
Creators: name: Himpsl-Gutermann, Klaus
name: Brandhofer, Gerhard
name: Bachinger, Alois
name: Steiner, Michael
name: Gawin, Anna
Publisher: name: Medienimpulse
Year: 2017

description: Das Projekt "Denken lernen – Probleme lösen (DLPL)" widmet sich im Schuljahr 2017/2018 der Etablierung von Education Innovation Studios (EIS) an Pädagogischen Hochschulen in Österreich. Ziel ist es, die informatische Grundbildung bereits in der Primarstufe zu stärken. Das Projektteam von DLPL, unter der Leitung der PH Wien in Kooperation mit der PH NÖ, koordiniert die österreichweite EIS-Einrichtung und Etablierung einer EIS-Community. Insgesamt 13 Pädagogische Hochschulen, 100 Volksschulen und zahlreiche weitere Partner nehmen an dem Projekt teil. Es ist geplant, eine österreichweite CMS-Plattform zu etablieren, die als zentrale Anlaufstelle für alle Beteiligten dient und im Sinne der OER-Strategie qualitativ hochwertige didaktische Konzepte und Unterrichtsmaterialien unter CC-Lizenz bereitstellt, um langfristig und nachhaltig eine aktive EIS-Community in Österreich zu etablieren. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über das Projekt und die angestrebten Ziele.
description: Medienimpulse, Bd. 55 Nr. 2 (2017): 2/2017 - Digitale Grundbildung
Mündigkeit und ihre Vermittlung in der mediatisierten Gesellschaft
Creators: name: Kaup, Nina
name: Dorsch, Christian
Publisher: name: Medienimpulse
Year: 2017

description: Die Schule hat den Auftrag, die Mündigkeit von SchülerInnen zu entwickeln. Daraus ergeben sich auch für das Fach Geographie angesichts der Medialität der Gegenwart und, stärker noch, in naher Zukunft neue Herausforderungen. So erfordern z. B. die vollständige Vernetzung und umfassende Sammlung von Nutzerdaten zur Effizienzsteigerung in Smart Cities ein Umstrukturieren klassischer Unterrichtsthemen. Fähigkeiten, welche die SchülerInnen benötigen, um in dieser "smarten" Lebenswelt kompetent handeln zu können, lassen sich basierend auf dem Fundament der Mündigkeit ableiten. Im Fokus des hier präsentierten Foschungsvorhabens stehen Geographielehrkräfte und die Frage nach ihrem Verständnis von Mündigkeit im Allgemeinen und der Vermittlung von Mündigkeit im Speziellen. Dabei ist die unmittelbare Erfahrung des Unterrichtsgeschehens unabdingbar. Die ethnografische Schulforschung und die Analyse performativer Prozesse helfen, pädagogische Szenarien sichtbar zu machen und abschließend Impulse für eine mündigkeitsorientierte Bildung zu geben und zu diskutieren.
description: Medienimpulse, Bd. 55 Nr. 2 (2017): 2/2017 - Digitale Grundbildung
Enhancing noise characterization with robust time delay interferometry combination
Creators: name: Wang, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time delay interferometry (TDI) is essential for suppressing laser frequency noise and achieving the targeted sensitivity for space-borne gravitational wave (GW) missions. In Paper I, we examined the performance of the fiducial second-generation TDI Michelson configuration versus an alternative, the hybrid Relay, in noise suppression and data analysis. The results showed that both TDI schemes have comparable performances in mitigating laser and clock noises. However, when analyzing chirp signal from the coalescence of massive binary black holes, the Michelson configuration becomes inferior due to its vulnerable T channel and numerous null frequencies. In contrast, the hybrid Relay is more robust in dynamic unequal-arm scenarios. In this work, we further investigate the noise characterization capabilities of these two TDI configurations. Our investigations demonstrate that hybrid Relay achieves more robust noise parameter inference than the Michelson configuration. Moreover, the performance can be enhanced by replacing the T channel of hybrid Relay with a second-generation TDI null stream $C^{12}_3$. The combined three data streams, including two science observables from the hybrid Relay and $C^{12}_3$, could reduce the instabilities of noise spectra in the targeting frequency band and form an optimal dataset for characterizing noises.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, fixed the typos and matched the published version
Finding sound shells in LISA mock data using likelihood sampling
Creators: name: Giese, Felix
name: Konstandin, Thomas
name: Vis, Jorinde Marjolein van de
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2021

description: We study to what extend LISA can observe features of gravitational wave spectra originating from cosmological first-order phase transitions. We focus on spectra which are of the form of double-broken power laws. These spectra are predicted by hydrodynamic simulations and also analytical models such as the sound shell model. We argue that the ratio of the two break frequencies is an interesting observable since it can be related to the wall velocity while overall amplitude and frequency range are often degenerate for the numerous characteristics of the phase transition. Our analysis uses mock data obtained from the power spectra predicted by the simplified simulations and the sound shell model and analyzes the detection prospects using χ2-minimization and likelihood sampling. We point out that the prospects of observing two break frequencies from the electroweak phase transition is hindered by a shift of the spectrum to smaller frequencies for strong phase transitions. Finally, we also highlight some differences between signals from the sound shell model compared to simulations.
Unleashing OpenTitan's Potential: a Silicon-Ready Embedded Secure Element for Root of Trust and Cryptographic Offloading
Creators: name: Ciani, Maicol
name: Parisi, Emanuele
name: Musa, Alberto
name: Barchi, Francesco
name: Bartolini, Andrea
name: Kulmala, Ari
name: Psiakis, Rafail
name: Garofalo, Angelo
name: Acquaviva, Andrea
name: Rossi, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The rapid advancement and exploration of open-hardware RISC-V platforms are driving significant changes in sectors like autonomous vehicles, smart-city infrastructure, and medical devices. OpenTitan stands out as a groundbreaking open-source RISC-V design with a comprehensive security toolkit as a standalone system-on-chip (SoC). OpenTitan includes Earl Grey, a fully implemented and silicon-proven SoC, and Darjeeling, announced but not yet fully implemented. Earl Grey targets standalone SoC implementations, while Darjeeling is for integrable implementations. The literature lacks a silicon-ready embedded implementation of an open-source Root of Trust, despite lowRISC's efforts on Darjeeling. We address the limitations of existing implementations by optimizing data transfer latency between memory and cryptographic accelerators to prevent under-utilization and ensure efficient task acceleration. Our contributions include a comprehensive methodology for integrating custom extensions and IPs into the Earl Grey architecture, architectural enhancements for system-level integration, support for varied boot modes, and improved data movement across the platform. These advancements facilitate deploying OpenTitan in broader SoCs, even without specific technology-dependent IPs, providing a deployment-ready research vehicle for the community. We integrated the extended Earl Grey architecture into a reference architecture in a 22nm FDX technology node, benchmarking the enhanced architecture's performance. The results show significant improvements in cryptographic processing speed, achieving up to 2.7x speedup for SHA-256/HMAC and 1.6x for AES accelerators compared to the baseline Earl Grey architecture.
title: Die richtige Weiterbildung für den systematischen Kompetenzaufbau
Creators: name: Wolff, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Baubetriebslehre
subject: Nachtragsvereinbarung
subject: Claimmanagement
subject: Prozessmanagement
subject: 620

description: Tag des Baubetriebs 2006 - Tagungsbeiträge: Nachtragsmanagement in Praxis und Forschung, p. 23
description: Schriften der Professur Baubetrieb und Bauverfahren, vol. 12
The gas turbulence in planetary nebulae: quantification and multi-D maps from long-slit, wide-spectral range echellogram
Creators: name: Sabbadin, F.
name: Turatto, M.
name: Benetti, S.
name: Ragazzoni, R.
name: Cappellaro, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This methodological paper is part of a short series dedicated to the long-standing astronomical problem of de-projecting the bi-dimensional, apparent morphology of a three-dimensional distribution of gas. We focus on the quantification and spatial recovery of turbulent motions in planetary nebulae (and other classes of expanding nebulae) by means of long-slit echellograms over a wide spectral range. We introduce some basic theoretical notions, discuss the observational methodology, and develop an accurate procedure disentangling all broadening components of the velocity profile in all spatial positions of each spectral image. This allows us to extract random, non-thermal motions at unprecedented accuracy, and to map them in 1-, 2- and 3-dimensions. We present the solution to practical problems in the multi-dimensional turbulence-analysis of a testing-planetary nebula (NGC 7009), using the three-step procedure (spatio-kinematics, tomography, and 3-D rendering) developed at the Astronomical Observatory of Padua. In addition, we introduce an observational paradigm valid for all spectroscopic parameters in all classes of expanding nebulae. Unsteady, chaotic motions at a local scale constitute a fundamental (although elusive) kinematical parameter of each planetary nebula, providing deep insights on its different shaping agents and mechanisms, and on their mutual interaction. The detailed study of turbulence, its stratification within a target and (possible) systematic variation among different sub-classes of planetary nebulae deserve long-slit, multi-position angle, wide-spectral range echellograms containing emissions at low-, medium-, and high-ionization, to be analyzed pixel-to-pixel with a straightforward and versatile methodology, extracting all the physical information stored in each frame at best.
description: 11 page, 10 figures, A&A in press
Einblicke in die TOOLKIT Plattform
Creators: name: Denk, Natalie
Publisher: name: Medienimpulse
Year: 2017

description: Das Zentrum für Angewandte Spieleforschung der Donau-Universität Krems arbeitet derzeit mit ProjektpartnerInnen aus Malta und Schweden am Aufbau der TOOLKIT Plattform ( http://toolkit-gbl.com ). Ziel ist es damit einerseits Know-How zum Thema Game Based Learning aufzubauen, andererseits PädagogInnen eine Plattform zum Austausch von konkreten Unterrichtsideen rund um digitale und analoge Spiele zu bieten. Der Artikel gibt Einblicke in die Funktionen der Plattform und stellt eine konkretes Praxisbeispiel vor.
description: Medienimpulse, Bd. 55 Nr. 2 (2017): 2/2017 - Digitale Grundbildung
Molecular gas streamers feeding and obscuring the active nucleus of NGC1068
Creators: name: Sanchez, F. Mueller
name: Davies, R. I.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Tacconi, L. J.
name: Eisenhauer, F.
name: Hicks, E. K. S.
name: Friedrich, S.
name: Sternberg, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first direct observations of neutral, molecular gas streaming in the nucleus of NGC1068 on scales of <30 pc using SINFONI near-infrared integral field spectroscopy. At a resolution of 0.075", the flux map of 2.12 $μ$m 1-0 S(1) molecular hydrogen emission around the nucleus in the central arcsec reveals two prominent linear structures leading to the AGN from the north and south. The kinematics of the gas in these features are dominated by non-circular motions and indicate that material is streaming towards the nucleus on highly elliptical or parabolic trajectories whose orientations are compatible with that of the disk plane of the galaxy. We interpret the data as evidence for fueling of gas to the central region. The radial transport rate from ~30 pc to a few parsec from the nucleus is ~15 M$_\sun$ yr$^{-1}$. One of the infalling clouds lies directly in front of the central engine. We interpret it as a tidally disrupted streamer that forms the optically thick outerpart of an amorphous clumpy molecular/dusty structure which contributes to the nuclear obscuration.
description: 33 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ, Version with high resolution figures available at http://www.mpe.mpg.de/ir/Research/AGN/ngc1068_Sinfoni.pdf
Der Wert der Schrift "Medienbildung und Teilhabegerechtigkeit" der publizistischen Kommission der deutschen Bischofskonferenz.
Creators: name: Swertz, Christian
Publisher: name: Medienimpulse
Year: 2017

description: Medienimpulse, Bd. 55 Nr. 2 (2017): 2/2017 - Digitale Grundbildung
title: Der Bauvertrag sagt dazu leider nichts! - Was tun?
Creators: name: Bargstädt, Hans-Joachim
Publisher: name: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Baubetriebslehre
subject: Nachtragsvereinbarung
subject: Claimmanagement
subject: Prozessmanagement
subject: 620

description: Tag des Baubetriebs 2006 - Tagungsbeiträge: Nachtragsmanagement in Praxis und Forschung, p. 27
description: Schriften der Professur Baubetrieb und Bauverfahren, vol. 12
Ectoedemia (Ectoedemia) andalusiae Van Nieukerken 1985
Creators: name: van Nieukerken, Erik
name: Laštůvka, Aleš
name: Laštůvka, Zdeněk
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Nepticulidae
Ectoedemia
Ectoedemia andalusiae

description: Ectoedemia (Ectoedemia) andalusiae Van Nieukerken Figs 37, 38, 50, 57, 61 Diagnosis. Male Ectoedemia andalusiae is separated from the very similar E. suberis by the ochreous hairpencil, from E. hendrikseni by the field of white scales that does not reach the dorsal margin of the hindwing (Figs 37, 38). Male genitalia most similar to suberis, but capsule shorter and with blunt and wide tegumen (Fig. 50). Female genitalia resemble those of E. heckfordi and E. phaeolepis, but have more convolutions in the ductus spermathecae (6 against 4.5–5.5) (Figs 57, 61). Biology. Hostplants: only reared from Quercus coccifera L. (Van Nieukerken 1985; Van Nieukerken et al. 2004). Mine not separable from that of E. suberis or phaeolepis. Possibly bivoltine, with larvae from January to March and in June, and adults flying from April to July and September-October. From larvae collected in the middle of June in Algarve we reared adults in following days (end of June, beginning July), so that more than two generations are possible in Portugal. Th e second generation may fly together with E. suberis. Distribution. Southwestern Europe. France: Van Nieukerken 2006; Portugal: Corley et al. 2000. Ectoedemia heckfordi Van Nieukerken, A. Laštůvka & Z. Laštůvka sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 85DD1EB3-ED04-4304-A24D-5E5573A26926 Figs 39, 40, 46, 51, 55, 59, 63, 68, 69, 111, 122 Type material . Holotype ♁: Great Britain: Devon, Hembury Woods, near Buckfastleigh, SX 7268, 29.VIII.2004, green larva in leafmine on Quercus petraea, e.l. 24.IV.2005, EJvN no 2004903 [reared in Leiden], R. J. Heckford, Genitalia 46
description: Published as part of van Nieukerken, Erik, Laštůvka, Aleš & Laštůvka, Zdeněk, 2010, Western Palaearctic Ectoedemia (Zimmermannia) Hering and Ectoedemia Busck s. str. (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae): five new species and new data on distribution, hostplants and recognition, pp. 1-82 in ZooKeys 32 (32) on pages 34-35, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.32.282, http://zenodo.org/record/576594
description: {"references": ["Nieukerken EJ van (1985) A taxonomic revision of the western Palaearctic species of the subgenera Zimmermannia Hering and Ectoedemia Busck s. str. (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae), with notes on their phylogeny. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 128: 1 - 164. http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / record / 227179", "Corley MFV, Gardiner AJ, Cleere N, Wallis PD (2000) Further additions to the Lepidoptera of Algarve, Portugal (Insecta: Lepidoptera). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia 28: 245 - 319."]}
On the origin of late-time X-ray flares in UV/optically-selected tidal disruption events
Creators: name: Hayasaki, Kimitake
name: Jonker, Peter G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a model to explain the time delay between the peak of the optical and X-ray luminosity, \dt hereafter, in UV/optically-selected tidal disruption events (TDEs). The following picture explains the observed \dt in several TDEs as a consequence of the circularization and disk accretion processes as long as the sub-Eddington accretion. At the beginning of the circularization, the fallback debris is thermalized by the self-crossing shock caused by relativistic precession, providing the peak optical emission. During the circularization process, the mass fallback rate decreases with time to form a ring around the supermassive black hole (SMBH). The formation timescale corresponds to the circularization timescale of the most tightly bound debris, which is less than a year to several decades, depending mostly on the penetration factor, the circularization efficiency, and the black hole mass. The ring will subsequently evolve viscously over the viscous diffusion time. We find that it accretes onto the SMBH on a fraction of the viscous timescale, which is $2$ years for given typical parameters, leading to X-ray emission at late times. The resultant \dt\,is given by the sum of the circularization timescale and the accretion timescale and significantly decreases with increasing penetration factor to several to $\sim10$ years typically. Since the X-ray luminosity substantially decreases as the viewing angle between the normal to the disk plane and line-of-sight increases from $0^\circ$ to $90^\circ$, a low late-time X-ray luminosity can be explained by an edge-on view. We also discuss the super-Eddington accretion scenario, where \dt\,is dominated by the circularization timescale.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
AI "News" Content Farms Are Easy to Make and Hard to Detect: A Case Study in Italian
Creators: name: Puccetti, Giovanni
name: Rogers, Anna
name: Alzetta, Chiara
name: Dell'Orletta, Felice
name: Esuli, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as "content farm" models (CFMs), to generate synthetic text that could pass for real news articles. This is already happening even for languages that do not have high-quality monolingual LLMs. We show that fine-tuning Llama (v1), mostly trained on English, on as little as 40K Italian news articles, is sufficient for producing news-like texts that native speakers of Italian struggle to identify as synthetic.
 We investigate three LLMs and three methods of detecting synthetic texts (log-likelihood, DetectGPT, and supervised classification), finding that they all perform better than human raters, but they are all impractical in the real world (requiring either access to token likelihood information or a large dataset of CFM texts). We also explore the possibility of creating a proxy CFM: an LLM fine-tuned on a similar dataset to one used by the real "content farm". We find that even a small amount of fine-tuning data suffices for creating a successful detector, but we need to know which base LLM is used, which is a major challenge.
 Our results suggest that there are currently no practical methods for detecting synthetic news-like texts 'in the wild', while generating them is too easy. We highlight the urgency of more NLP research on this problem.
description: In proceedings of ACL 2024
Cosmological perturbations
Creators: name: Malik, Karim A.
name: Wands, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the study of inhomogeneous perturbations about a homogeneous and isotropic background cosmology. We adopt a coordinate based approach, but give geometrical interpretations of metric perturbations in terms of the expansion, shear and curvature of constant-time hypersurfaces and the orthogonal timelike vector field. We give the gauge transformation rules for metric and matter variables at first and second order. We show how gauge invariant variables are constructed by identifying geometric or matter variables in physically-defined coordinate systems, and give the relations between many commonly used gauge-invariant variables. In particular we show how the Einstein equations or energy-momentum conservation can be used to obtain simple evolution equations at linear order, and discuss extensions to non-linear order. We present evolution equations for systems with multiple interacting fluids and scalar fields, identifying adiabatic and entropy perturbations. As an application we consider the origin of primordial curvature and isocurvature perturbations from field perturbations during inflation in the very early universe.
description: 96 pages, submitted to Phys. Rep; v2: minor changes, typos corrected, references added, 1 figure added, corresponds to published version
10 Jahre danach: Der Irak-Krieg 2003 und das (Medien-)Schlachtfeld III
Creators: name: Stingeder, Karl H.
Publisher: name: Medienimpulse
Year: 2013

description: Im dritten Teil seiner dreiteiligen Analyse des Irakkriegs und der >embedded journalists< untersucht Karl H. Stingeder die Informationsstrategie der US-Regierung und prüft die Frage, ob die mediale Inszenierung der US-Regierung als politische Propaganda gewertet werden kann.
description: Medienimpulse, Bd. 51 Nr. 3 (2013): 3/2013 - Visuelle Historiografien/Comics zwischen Reflexion und Konstruktion von Geschichte(n)
Rezension: Armin Wolf - Wozu brauchen wir noch Journalisten?
Creators: name: Berger, Christian
Publisher: name: Medienimpulse
Year: 2013

description: Armin Wolf, der wohl bekannteste ORF Journalist, bringt gut lesbar Einblicke und Analysen über die Anforderungen an JournalistInnen, das Mediennutzungsverhalten von KonsumentInnen und die strategischen Überlegungen zur Reaktion auf eine zunehmende Medienkonvergenz aus Sicht der Medienunternehmen.
description: Medienimpulse, Bd. 51 Nr. 3 (2013): 3/2013 - Visuelle Historiografien/Comics zwischen Reflexion und Konstruktion von Geschichte(n)
Frequency-Domain Data-Driven Predictive Control
Creators: name: Meijer, T. J.
name: Nouwens, S. A. N.
name: Scheres, K. J. A.
name: Dolk, V. S.
name: Heemels, W. P. M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we propose a data-driven predictive control scheme based on measured frequency-domain data of the plant. This novel scheme complements the well-known data-driven predictive control (DeePC) approach based on time series data. To develop this new frequency-domain data-driven predictive control (FreePC) scheme, we introduce a novel version of Willems' fundamental lemma based on frequency-domain data. By exploiting frequency-domain data, we allow recent direct data-driven (predictive) control methodologies to benefit from the available expertise and techniques for non-parametric frequency-domain identification in academia and industry. We prove that, under appropriate conditions, the new FreePC scheme is equivalent to the corresponding DeePC scheme. The strengths of FreePC are demonstrated in a numerical case study.
Quantum reflection of helium atom beams from a microstructured grating
Creators: name: Zhao, Bum Suk
name: Schulz, Stephan A.
name: Meek, Samuel A.
name: Meijer, Gerard
name: Schöllkopf, Wieland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observe high-resolution diffraction patterns of a thermal-energy helium-atom beam reflected from a microstructured surface grating at grazing incidence. The grating consists of 10-$μ$m-wide Cr strips patterned on a quartz substrate and has a periodicity of 20 $μ$m. Fully-resolved diffraction peaks up to the $7^{\rm th}$ order are observed at grazing angles up to 20 mrad. With changes in de Broglie wavelength or grazing angle the relative diffraction intensities show significant variations which shed light on the nature of the atom-surface interaction potential. The observations are explained in terms of quantum reflection at the long-range attractive Casimir-van der Waals potential.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Chemistry of aerosol particles and fog droplets during fall-winter season in the Po Valley
Creators: name: Giulianelli, Lara <1978>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: CHIM/12 Chimica dell'ambiente e dei beni culturali

description: Air quality represents a key issue in the so-called pollution “hot spots”: environments in which anthropogenic sources are concentrated and dispersion of pollutants is limited. One of these environments, the Po Valley, normally experiences exceedances of PM10 and PM2.5 concentration limits, especially in winter when the ventilation of the lower layers of the atmosphere is reduced.
This thesis provides a highlight of the chemical properties of particulate matter and fog droplets in the Po Valley during the cold season, when fog occurrence is very frequent. Fog-particles interactions were investigated with the aim to determine their impact on the regional air quality.
Size-segregated aerosol samples were collected in Bologna, urban site, and San Pietro Capofiume (SPC), rural site, during two campaigns (November 2011; February 2013) in the frame of Supersito project. The comparison between particles size-distribution and chemical composition in both sites showed the relevant contribution of the regional background and secondary processes in determining the Po Valley aerosol concentration.
Occurrence of fog in November 2011 campaign in SPC allowed to investigate the role of fog formation and fog chemistry in the formation, processing and deposition of PM10. Nucleation scavenging was investigated with relation to the size and the chemical composition of particles. We found that PM1 concentration is reduced up to 60% because of fog scavenging. Furthermore, aqueous-phase secondary aerosol formation mechanisms were investigated through time-resolved measurements.
In SPC fog samples have been systematically collected and analysed since the nineties; a 20 years long database has been assembled. This thesis reports for the first time the results of this long time series of measurements, showing a decrease of sulphate and nitrate concentration and an increase of pH that reached values close to neutrality. A detailed discussion about the occurred changes in fog water composition over two decades is presented.
Cold Darkogenesis: Dark Matter and Baryon Asymmetry in Light of the PTA Signal
Creators: name: Fujikura, Kohei
name: Girmohanta, Sudhakantha
name: Nakai, Yuichiro
name: Zhang, Zhihao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We build upon the intriguing possibility that the recently reported nano-Hz gravitational wave signal by Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments is sourced by a strong first-order phase transition from a nearly conformal dark sector. The phase transition has to be strongly supercooled to explain the signal amplitude, while the critical temperature has to be in the $\cal{O}$(GeV) range, as dictated by the peak frequency of the gravitational wave spectrum. However, the resulting strong supercooling exponentially dilutes away any pre-existing baryon asymmetry and dark matter, calling for a new paradigm of their productions. We then develop a mechanism of cold darkogenesis that generates a dark asymmetry during the phase transition from the textured dark $SU(2)_{\rm D}$ Higgs field. This dark asymmetry is transferred to the visible sector via neutron portal interactions, resulting in the observed baryon asymmetry. Furthermore, the mechanism naturally leads to the correct abundance of asymmetric dark matter, with self-interaction of the scale that is of the right order to solve the diversity problem in galactic rotation curves. Collider searches for mono-jets and dark matter direct detection experiments can dictate the viability of the model.
description: 5 + 4 pages, 3 figures, matches published version
Shape memory and elastoplastic materials: from constitutive and numerical to fatigue modeling
Creators: name: Scalet, Giulia <1986>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: ICAR/08 Scienza delle costruzioni

description: Shape memory materials (SMMs) represent an important class of smart materials that have the ability to return from a deformed state to their original shape. Thanks to such a property, SMMs are utilized in a wide range of innovative applications. 

The increasing number of applications and the consequent involvement of industrial players in the field have motivated researchers to formulate constitutive models able
to catch the complex behavior of these materials and to develop robust computational tools for design purposes. Such a research field is still under progress, especially in the prediction of shape memory polymer (SMP) behavior and of important effects characterizing shape memory alloy (SMA) applications.

Moreover, the frequent use of shape memory and metallic materials in biomedical devices, particularly in cardiovascular stents, implanted in the human body and experiencing millions of in-vivo cycles by the blood pressure, clearly indicates the need for a deeper understanding of fatigue/fracture failure in microsize components. The development of reliable stent designs against fatigue is still an open subject in scientific literature.

Motivated by the described framework, the thesis focuses on several research issues involving the advanced constitutive, numerical and fatigue modeling of elastoplastic and shape memory materials.

Starting from the constitutive modeling, the thesis proposes to develop refined phenomenological models for reliable SMA and SMP behavior descriptions.

Then, concerning the numerical modeling, the thesis proposes to implement the models into numerical software by developing implicit/explicit time-integration algorithms, to guarantee robust computational tools for practical purposes.

The described modeling activities are completed by experimental investigations on SMA actuator springs and polyethylene polymers.  

Finally, regarding the fatigue modeling, the thesis proposes the introduction of a general computational approach for the fatigue-life assessment of a classical stent design, in order to exploit computer-based simulations to prevent failures and modify design, without testing numerous devices.
Two philological studies on the Mawangdui Laozi manuscripts
Creators: name: Herforth, Derek Dane
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis focuses on some of the philological problems encountered in the study of two Chinese manuscripts of the Laozi dating from the late third century B.C. The MSS. were recovered in late 197 3 from an early Western Han tomb unearthed at Mawangdui in the suburbs of Changsha, Hunan. The Introduction summarizes the details of the excavation of the tomb and discovery of the MS. documents. The main features of the MSS. themselves are then described with attention given to the graphic style, methods of dating and the arrangement of the text. The Introduction concludes with a discussion in the light of the new MS. evidence of some of the problems of the authorship and textual history of the Laozi. Part One treats substitution variation between the two MSS. as well as between the MSS. and the transmitted versions of the text. A typology of this sort of variation is proposed in which all substitution variants can be classified as one of the following: taboo graph, semantic variant, miswriting, simplified graph or loan character. The first four types are briefly discussed with examples. The remainder of Part One is devoted to a detailed examination of the phenomenon of loan characters and the; analysis of some twenty problematic variants of this type from the two MSS. Part Two is a collation of the acknowledged quotations from the Laozi found in the Hanfeizi with the two Mawangdui MSS. and the transmitted versions of Laozi as recorded in a modern variorum. Because of the large number of variables involved, due especially to our lack of knowledge about the transmission of the Hanfeizi, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions on the basis of this collation. The evidence seems to suggest, however, the existence in pre-Han times of discrete textual traditions cf the Laozi and that some of the variation in the extant transmitted texts may derive from these separate pre-Han traditions.
Rezension: Kunst am Ursprung. Das Nachleben der Bilder und die Souveränität des Antiquars
Creators: name: Rogy, Raffaela
Publisher: name: Medienimpulse
Year: 2015

description: Medienimpulse, Bd. 53 Nr. 3 (2015): 3/2015 - Handeln mit Symbolen
Phase stability of cation-doped LiMnO$_{2}$]{Phase stability of cation-doped LiMnO$_{2}$ within the GGA+U approximation
Creators: name: Shukla, N. N.
name: Shukla, S.
name: Prasad, R.
name: Benedek, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First principles density functional theory calculations within the GGA+U approximation were performed for LiMn$_{1-x}$M$_x$O$_{2}$, a candidate cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, with ($x=0.25$, M=Ni, Fe, Co, Mg), to investigate the effect of doping on the destabilization of the monoclinic structure relative to the layered rhombohedral structure. A primary motivation of this work was to determine to what extent the predictions of the electronically more realistic GGA+U treatment would differ from those obtained within the GGA. Several significant qualitative changes are found. For the pristine system in the rhombohedral structure, Mn ions show a high-spin state within GGA+U, rather than the low spin (metallic) state found in GGA. The doped rhombohedral structure is unstable within GGA+U, rather than metastable, as in GGA. In the monoclinic structure, the dopant oxidation states are the same (trivalent Fe, divalent Co, Ni) in GGA+U and GGA. Co and Ni ions show a higher spin state in GGA+U than in GGA. The divalent dopants destabilized the monoclinic structure to a greater extent than trivalent dopants within the GGA+U, as expected from previous GGA calculations. Overall, our results suggest that the relatively close agreement sometimes found between properties calculated within the GGA and GGA+U may be misleading, because the underlying electronic behaviors may be profoundly different.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Rezension: Europa im Bild – Imaginationen Europas in Wochenschauen in Deutschland, Frankreich, Großbritannien und Österreich 1948–1959
Creators: name: Winkler, Paul
Publisher: name: Medienimpulse
Year: 2015

description: Medienimpulse, Bd. 53 Nr. 3 (2015): 3/2015 - Handeln mit Symbolen
Rezension: Digitale Körperinnenwelten. Endoskopische 3D-Animationen zwischen Medien und Populärkultur.
Creators: name: Missomelius, Petra
Publisher: name: Medienimpulse
Year: 2015

description: Medienimpulse, Bd. 53 Nr. 3 (2015): 3/2015 - Handeln mit Symbolen
The PBW Filtration, Demazure Modules and Toroidal Current Algebras
Creators: name: Feigin, Evgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $L$ be the basic (level one vacuum) representation of the affine Kac-Moody Lie algebra $\hat{\mathfrak g}$. The $m$-th space $F_m$ of the PBW filtration on $L$ is a linear span of vectors of the form $x_1... x_lv_0$, where $l\le m$, $x_i\in \hat{\mathfrak g}$ and $v_0$ is a highest weight vector of $L$. In this paper we give two descriptions of the associated graded space $L^{\rm gr}$ with respect to the PBW filtration. The "top-down" description deals with a structure of $L^{\rm gr}$ as a representation of the abelianized algebra of generating operators. We prove that the ideal of relations is generated by the coefficients of the squared field $e_θ(z)^2$, which corresponds to the longest root $θ$. The "bottom-up" description deals with the structure of $L^{\rm gr}$ as a representation of the current algebra ${\mathfrak g}\otimes {\mathbb C}[t]$. We prove that each quotient $F_m/F_{m-1}$ can be filtered by graded deformations of the tensor products of $m$ copies of ${\mathfrak g}$.
description: This is a contribution to the Special Issue on Kac-Moody Algebras and Applications, published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
Analysis of shear localization in viscoplastic solids with pressure-sensitive structural transformations
Creators: name: Clayton, John D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 74C20, 74F15, 74H10, 74H55, 74N05

description: Localization, in the form of adiabatic shear, is analyzed in viscoplastic solids that may undergo structural transformation driven by pressure, shear stress, temperature, and magnetic field. As pertinent to polycrystalline metals, transformations may include solid-solid phase transitions, twinning, and dynamic recrystallization. A finite-strain constitutive framework for isotropic metals is used to solve a boundary value problem involving simple shearing with superposed hydrostatic pressure and constant external magnetic field. Three-dimensional theory is reduced to a formulation simple enough to facilitate approximate analytical solutions yet sophisticated enough to maintain the salient physics. Ranges of constitutive parameters (e.g., strain hardening, strain-rate sensitivity, thermal softening, and strain-driven structure transformation limits influenced by pressure and magnetic field) are obtained for which localization to infinite shear strain is possible. Motivated by experimental and theoretical studies suggesting a non-negligible role of shear on phase transformations in iron (Fe), the model is used to understand influences of pressure and phase transitions on applied strains for which localization should occur in pure Fe and a high-strength steel. Results show, among other trends for these two materials, that shear localization in conjunction with phase transformation is promoted when the transformed phase is softer than the parent phase. Localization that would occur in the isolated parent phase can be mitigated if the strain hardening or thermal softening tendencies of the transformed phase are sufficiently increased or reduced, respectively.
The Landau gauge lattice ghost propagator in stochastic perturbation theory
Creators: name: Di Renzo, F.
name: Ilgenfritz, E. -M.
name: Perlt, H.
name: Schiller, A.
name: Torrero, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present one- and two-loop results for the ghost propagator in Landau gauge calculated in Numerical Stochastic Perturbation Theory (NSPT). The one-loop results are compared with available standard Lattice Perturbation Theory in the infinite-volume limit. We discuss in detail how to perform the different necessary limits in the NSPT approach and discuss a recipe to treat logarithmic terms by introducing ``finite-lattice logs''. We find agreement with the one-loop result from standard Lattice Perturbation Theory and estimate, from the non-logarithmic part of the ghost propagator in two-loop order, the unknown constant contribution to the ghost self-energy in the RI'-MOM scheme in Landau gauge. That constant vanishes within our numerical accuracy.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the XXVI International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 14 -- 19, 2008, Williamsburg, VA, USA
Dissipation and entanglement dynamics for two interacting qubits coupled to independent reservoirs
Creators: name: Scala, Matteo
name: Migliore, Rosanna
name: Messina, Antonino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the master equation of a system of two coupled qubits by taking into account their interaction with two independent bosonic baths. Important features of the dynamics are brought to light, such as the structure of the stationary state at general temperatures and the behaviour of the entanglement at zero temperature, showing the phenomena of sudden death and sudden birth as well as the presence of stationary entanglement for long times. The model here presented is quite versatile and can be of interest in the study of both Josephson junction architectures and cavity-QED.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical
Exploring the mass spectrum and the electromagnetic properties of the possible $Ξ_{cc}K^{(*)}$ and $Ξ_{cc}\bar{K}^{(*)}$ molecules
Creators: name: Sheng, Li-Cheng
name: Huo, Jin-Yu
name: Chen, Rui
name: Wang, Fu-Lai
name: Liu, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the one-boson-exchange model, we investigate the interactions between the doubly charmed baryon $Ξ_{cc}(3621)$ and the $S-$wave (anti-)kaon accounting for the $S-D$ wave mixing and coupled-channel effects. We find the coupled $Ξ_{cc}K/Ξ_{cc}K^*$ state with $I(J^P)=0(1/2^-)$, the $Ξ_{cc}K^*$ state with $0(1/2^-)$, the $Ξ_{cc}\bar{K}$ state with $0(1/2^-)$, and the $Ξ_{cc}\bar{K}^*$ states with $0(1/2^-,3/2^-)$ can be recommended as good doubly charmed molecular candidates with strangeness $|S|=1$. We further examine their M1 radiative decay behaviors and magnetic moments within the constituent quark model framework. This information can enhance our understanding of their inner structures, including the distribution of electric charge and the orientation of the constituent quarks' spins.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
The effect of estrogenic alfalfa consumption in cyclic ewes : the plasma gonadotropin profile throughout the estrous cycle
Creators: name: Hettle, J. Alan L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Phyto-estrogens are known to cause reproductive failures in the ewe by interacting with uterine estrogen receptors. Further studies have demonstrated anomalous ovarian steroid levels which implicate the hypothalamus and pituitary. Estrogen receptors which bind phyto-estrogens have been recently demonstrated in ovine hypothalamic and pituitary tissues. It would then seem logical to assume that estrogen interactions in these tissues will be altered and result in abnormal gonadotropic synthesis or secretion. This project employed vaginal cytolological studies and ovine Luteinizing Hormone radioimmunoassays to characterize the plasma LH profiles and estrous cycles in ewes fed orchard grass hay or phyto-estrogenic alfalfa. Results indicate that the consumption of phyto-estrogenic activity will decrease the pulsatile nature of LH secretion and delay the LH peak further into the estrus period when compared with ewes fed a ration devoid of phyto-estrogenic activity. Vaginal cytological studies also demonstrate phyto-estrogenic activity through elevated karyopyknotic index values.
Inverse problem of analog gravity systems II: Rotation and energy-dependent boundary conditions
Creators: name: Albuquerque, Saulo
name: Völkel, Sebastian H.
name: Kokkotas, Kostas D.
name: Bezerra, Valdir B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the inverse problem of analog gravity systems which admit rotation and energy-dependent boundary conditions. By extending two recent results, we provide a recipe that allows one to relate resonant transmission spectra with effective potentials and even reconstruct the boundary condition at the core. Our methodology is based on the WKB method and the identification of universal features in the transmission. One of the main advantages of this method is that it is parameter-free, and relies only on general properties of the underlying potential, instead of specific models. While the reconstruction of underlying potentials is generally not uniquely possible, the inverse method provides effective potentials with similar spectral properties to the original one. To demonstrate the accuracy and scope of our method, we apply it to a rotating imperfect draining vortex, which has been proposed as an analog system to astrophysical extreme compact objects. We conclude that the capability to explore energy-dependent boundary conditions could be of interest for experimental studies of such systems.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
NJL interaction derived from QCD: vector and axial-vector mesons
Creators: name: Arbuzov, Boris A.
name: Volkov, Mikhail K.
name: Zaitsev, Ivan V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In previous works effective non-local $SU(2)\times SU(2)$ NJL model was derived in the framework of the fundamental QCD. All the parameters of the model are expressed through QCD parameters: current light quark mass $m_0$ and average non-perturbative $α_s$. The results for scalar and pseudo-scalar mesons are in satisfactory agreement to existing data. In the present work the same model without introduction of any additional parameters is applied for a description of masses and strong decay widths of $ρ$- and $a_1$-mesons. The results for both scalar and vector sectors agree with data with only one adjusted parameter $m_0$, with account of average $α_s \simeq 0.415$, which is obtained in a previous work as well.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Particle interactions with single or multiple 3D solar reconnecting current sheets
Creators: name: Anastasiadis, A.
name: Gontikakis, C.
name: Efthymiopoulos, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The acceleration of charged particles (electrons and protons) in flaring solar active regions is analyzed by numerical experiments. The acceleration is modelled as a stochastic process taking place by the interaction of the particles with local magnetic reconnection sites via multiple steps. Two types of local reconnecting topologies are studied: the Harris-type and the X-point. A formula for the maximum kinetic energy gain in a Harris-type current sheet, found in a previous work of ours, fits well the numerical data for a single step of the process. A generalization is then given approximating the kinetic energy gain through an X-point. In the case of the multiple step process, in both topologies the particles' kinetic energy distribution is found to acquire a practically invariant form after a small number of steps. This tendency is interpreted theoretically. Other characteristics of the acceleration process are given, such as the mean acceleration time and the pitch angle distributions of the particles.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, Solar Physics, in press