Stegana (Steganina) biprotrusa
Creators: name: Wu, Liang
name: Gao, Jian-Jun
name: Chen, Hong-Wei
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Stegana
Stegana biprotrusa

description: Stegana (Steganina) biprotrusa species group
Diagnosis. Articulating-to-aedeagus plate aedeagus developed, bifurcated, separated from hypandrium and mostly sclerotized (Figs 6, 7, 12, 13, 19, 20, 25, 26).
Description. Male: Eyes red. Ocellar triangle black, with a pair of small setae above ocellar setae. Postvertical setae slightly behind vertex ridge. Frons and face rectangular in profile. Frons black, with sporadic minute setulae. Fronto-orbital plate brownish yellow above, black below. Proclinate orbital setae distinctly nearer to ptilinal fissure than to inner vertical setae. First flagellomere black. Face brown on upper 2/3, yellow on lower margin, broadened ventrally; facial carina narrow and developed on upper part like as in Stegana (Steganina) nigrifrons de Meijere, 1991 (Okada 1971, Figs 7, 8). Clypeus dark brown medially, yellow laterally. Palpus yellow, with 4–5 longer setae distally and several shorter setae basally. Gena yellow, broad (ch/o ≥ 0.15). Vibrissa prominent; other orals small. Occiput brown. Scutum flat, brownish yellow, white-yellow on prothorax. Postpronotal lobe white-yellow, with 1– 2 longer and a few small setae. Prescutellar setae 1 pair. Acrostichal setulae in approximately 10 irregular rows. Pleura with 1 black longitudinal stripe above (running from propleuron to base of halter). Katepisternum usually entirely white. Basisternum brown to black. Scutellum usually black, yellow at tip; basal scutellar setae divergent; apical scutellars cruciate. Wing brown anteriorly, paler posteriorly, not paler at tip. Basal medial-cubital crossvein present; C1 setae 2, less differentiated. Costal vein with 6–8 minute spinules on ventral surface between R2+3 and R4+5. R2+3 markedly curved to costa at tip; R4+5 and M1 convergent distally. Halter grey-brown basally, white distally. Legs white to yellowish, dark brown at fore knee, distal 1/2 of mid and hind femora and basal 1/2 of mid and hind tibiae. Fore femur with 1 row of 4, 5 suberect setae on posterior surface and 1 row of 5 suberect setae on ventral surface. Apical seta present on mid tibia. Preapical dorsal setae present on all tibiae. Mid tibia with 5 strong, suberect setae on basal part of dorsal surface. Mid and hind tarsomeres with 2 and 1 rows of minute cuneiform setulae on anteroventral surface, respectively; fore and hind first tarsomeres slightly shorter than the rest combined; mid first tarsomere longer than the rest combined. Abdominal tergites nearly entirely black; sternites broadened, wider than long.
Male terminalia: Epandrium pubescent except for anterior and ventral margins, with dense setae on dorsal to posterolateral portion of each body-side (Figs 4, 10, 16, 23). Cercus setigerous and pubescent (Figs 4, 10, 16, 23). Surstylus separated from epandrium, with numerous serrate processes on basal 3/4, one small prensiseta (but absent in S. otocondyloda sp. nov.) and numerous setae on distal 1/4, lacking pubescence (Figs 4, 9, 16, 17, 23). Tenth sternite connected with surstyli basolaterally. Hypandrium broadened on anterior margin, sometimes concaved medially (Figs 6, 12, 19, 25). Paramere absent. Gonopods strongly sclerotized, with serrate processes distally (Figs 8, 9, 14, 15, 21, 22, 27, 28). Aedeagus developed, basally fused to aedeagal apodeme (Figs 6, 7, 12, 13, 19, 20, 25, 26); apodeme usually strong (Figs 6, 7, 12, 13, 19, 20, 25, 26).
Remarks. In the subgenus Steganina, usually paramere is small, and fused with hypandrium; sometimes undistinguishable or absent. The paramere of S. biprotrusa is changed to “articulating plate of aedeagus” based on the following two characters: lack setulae; separated from hypandrium, but fused to aedeagal apodeme.
description: Published as part of Wu, Liang, Gao, Jian-Jun & Chen, Hong-Wei, 2010, The Stegana (Steganina) biprotrusa species group from the Oriental Region (Diptera: Drosophilidae), pp. 47-54 in Zootaxa 2721 on pages 47-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199891