cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
First-Trimester or Second-Trimester Screening, or Both, for Down's Syndrome
Creators: name: Comstock, Christine H.
name: Dukes, Kimberly
name: Bukowski, Radek
name: Carr, Stephen R.
name: D'Alton, Mary E.
name: Timor-Tritsch, Ilan E.
name: Canick, Jacob A.
name: Nyberg, David A.
name: Bianchi, Diana W.
name: Wolfe, Honor M.
name: Gross, Susan J.
name: Lambert-Messerlian, Geralyn
name: Ball, Robert H.
name: Malone, Fergal D.
name: Hackshaw, Allan K.
name: Rudnicka, Alicja R.
name: Craigo, Sabrina D.
name: Berkowitz, Richard L.
name: Dugoff, Lorraine
name: Wald, Nicholas J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: BACKGROUND It is uncertain how best to screen pregnant women for the presence of fetal Down's syndrome: to perform first-trimester screening, to perform second-trimester screening, or to use strategies incorporating measurements in both trimesters. METHODS Women with singleton pregnancies underwent first-trimester combined screening (measurement of nuchal translucency, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A [PAPP-A], and the free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin at 10 weeks 3 days through 13 weeks 6 days of gestation) and second-trimester quadruple screening (measurement ofalpha-fetoprotein, total human chorionic gonadotropin, unconjugated estriol, and inhibin A at 15 through 18 weeks of gestation). We compared the results of stepwise sequential screening (risk results provided after each test), fully integrated screening (single risk result provided), and serum integrated screening (identical to fully integrated screening, but without nuchal translucency). RESULTS First-trimester screening was performed in 38,167 patients; 117 had a fetus with Down's syndrome. At a 5 percent false positive rate, the rates of detection of Down's syndrome were as follows: with first-trimester combined screening, 87 percent, 85 percent, and 82 percent for measurements performed at 11, 12, and 13 weeks, respectively; with second-trimester quadruple screening, 81 percent; with stepwise sequential screening, 95 percent; with serum integrated screening, 88 percent; and with fully integrated screening with first-trimester measurements performed at 11 weeks, 96 percent. Paired comparisons found significant differences between the tests, except for the comparison between serum integrated screening and combined screening. CONCLUSIONS First-trimester combined screening at 11 weeks of gestation is better than second-trimester quadruple screening but at 13 weeks has results similar to second-trimester quadruple screening. Both stepwise sequential screening and fully integrated screening have high rates of detection ofDown's syndrome, with low false positive rates.
Habitability of waterworlds: runaway greenhouses, atmospheric expansion and multiple climate states of pure water atmospheres
Creators: name: Goldblatt, Colin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are four different stable climate states for pure water atmospheres, as might exist on so-called "waterworlds". I map these as a function of solar constant for planets ranging in size from Mars size to 10 Earth-mass. The states are: globally ice covered (Ts< 245K), cold and damp (270 < Ts< 290K), hot and moist (350< Ts< 550K) and very hot and dry (Ts< 900K). No stable climate exists for 290< Ts < 350K or 550 < Ts < 900K. The union of hot moist and cold damp climates describe the liquid water habitable zone, the width and location of which depends on planet mass. At each solar constant, two or three different climate states are stable. This is a consequence of strong non-linearities in both thermal emission and the net absorption of sunlight. Across the range of planet sizes, I account for the atmospheres expanding to high altitudes as they warm. The emitting and absorbing surfaces (optical depth of unity) move to high altitude, making their area larger than the planet surface, so more thermal radiation is emitted and more sunlight absorbed (the former dominates). The atmospheres of small planets expand more due to weaker gravity: the effective runaway greenhouse threshold is about 35Wm-2 higher for Mars, 10Wm-2 higher for Earth or Venus but only a few Wm-2 higher for a 10 Earth-mass planet. There is an underlying (expansion neglected) trend of increasing runaway greenhouse threshold with planetary size (40Wm-2 higher for a 10 Earth-mass planet than for Mars). Summing these opposing trends means that Venus-size (or slightly smaller) planets are most susceptible to a runaway greenhouse. The habitable zone for pure water atmospheres is very narrow, with an insolation range of 0.07 times the solar constant. A wider habitable zone requires background gas and greenhouse gas; N2 and CO2 on Earth, which are biologically controlled. Thus, habitability depends on inhabitance.
description: Accepted for publication in Astrobiology
(1251) Barbara [Postlethwaite]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Refining light stop exclusion limits with $W^+W^-$ cross sections
Creators: name: Rolbiecki, Krzysztof
name: Tattersall, Jamie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If light supersymmetric top (stop) quarks are produced at the LHC and decay via on- or off-shell $W$-bosons they can be expected to contribute to a precision $W^+W^-$ cross section measurement. Using the latest results of the CMS experiment, we revisit constraints on the stop quark production and find that this measurement can exclude portions of the parameter space not probed by dedicated searches. In particular we can exclude light top squarks up to 230~GeV along the line separating three- and four-body decays, $\tilde{t}_1 \to \tildeχ_1^0 W^{(*)} b$. We also study the exclusion limits in the case when the branching ratio for these decays is reduced and we show significant improvement over previously existing limits.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures; references updated, minor changes; to appear in Phys. Lett. B
A KNOWLEDGE-BASED APPROACH TO INCREASE THE UPTAKE OF THE INFLUENZA VACCINE IN PREGNANCY
Creators: name: Karla Hill
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Influenza vaccine
pregnancy
influenza virus
vaccine hesitancy
safety and efficacy
staff knowledge

description: The purpose of this Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project was to increase knowledge on the safety and effectiveness of the influenza vaccine among the staff in a large hospital in Southern California with the goal of increasing its uptake among pregnant patients. The project aims were to a) assess staff knowledge about the influenza vaccine’s safety and efficacy, b) evaluate staff attitudes and practices in recommending the vaccine, and c) examine changes in vaccine administrations before and after the intervention. Background: Contracting the influenza virus during pregnancy poses significant risks to the pregnant patient and the unborn child. While any pregnant individual can be affected by influenza, those who are not vaccinated face a sixfold increase in the risk of hospitalization, admission to the intensive care unit, pneumonia, and mortality. Research highlights concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy, vaccine hesitancy, and ineffective uptake strategies as contributors to low influenza vaccine uptake. Research also suggests that pregnant patients who received vaccine education from their providers were more likely to receive the influenza vaccine. Methodology: The study utilized a pretest-posttest design to measure the changes in staff knowledge, attitudes, vaccine recommendation practices, and vaccination rates before and after completing an educational session. The project took place at an obstetrics clinic in a large tertiary hospital in Southern California, with 139 eligible healthcare provider participants. Results: Eight participants completed the pretest, intervention, and posttest. The mean difference between the pre-and post-test scores was not significant (t= -1.94, p=0.093). However, the mean difference between the 2022 and 2023 vaccine administrations was significant (t= -9.96, p<0.001). The weekly average number of influenza vaccinations administered increased from 24 in 2022 to 126 in 2023, as shown by a c-chart. Conclusion: Implementing strategies to address persistent barriers to flu vaccine uptake among pregnant patients is crucial. Providing educational material to meet specific knowledge gaps or practices among staff members is also imperative.
(1246) Florence Edith Clayton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Cultural Probe Kit on Curiosity triggers in XR experiences: activity book and diary for designers to explore and solicit curiosity in Digital Heritage
Creators: name: Bonifazi Federica
name: Sofia, Pescarin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Virtual Museums
Human Computer Interaction
Curiosity
Interactive Media Design
Coloured Collections

description: “Cultural Probe Kits” are used by designers to explore cultural behaviours and needs of their audience, in the creation of digital applications. This particular Kit is meant to investigate how Curiosity works and how Curiosity could be used by Interactive Media. 
lay abstract 2nd revision technical submission.docx from Electrochemical mapping of oxygenation in the three-dimensional multicellular tumour hemi-spheroid
Creators: name: Disha B. Sheth
name: Miklόs Gratzl
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: 91306 Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Blood capillaries deliver oxygen and nutrients to surrounding micro-regions of tissue and carry away metabolic waste. In normal tissue, capillaries are close enough to keep all the cells viable. In solid tumours, the capillary system is chaotic and typical inter-capillary distances are larger than in normal tissue. Therefore, hypoxic regions develop. Drug molecules may not reach these areas at concentrations above the lethal level. The combined effect of low drug concentrations and local hypoxia, often exacerbated by acidity, leads to therapy failure. To better understand the interplay between hypoxia and poor drug penetration, oxygenation needs to be assessed in different areas of inter-capillary tissue. The multicellular tumour spheroid is a well-established three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model of the capillary microenvironment. It is used to mimic nascent tumours and micro-metastases as well. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that dynamic intra-spheroidal oxygen maps can be obtained at the 3D multicellular tumour hemi-spheroid (MCH) using a non-invasive microelectrode array. The same oxygen distributions exist inside the equivalent but less accessible full spheroid. The MCH makes high throughput—high content analysis of spheroids feasible and thus can assist studies on basic cancer biology, drug development and personalized medicine.
Supplementary Material MG final submitted.docx from Electrochemical mapping of oxygenation in the three-dimensional multicellular tumour hemi-spheroid
Creators: name: Disha B. Sheth
name: Miklόs Gratzl
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: 91306 Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Blood capillaries deliver oxygen and nutrients to surrounding micro-regions of tissue and carry away metabolic waste. In normal tissue, capillaries are close enough to keep all the cells viable. In solid tumours, the capillary system is chaotic and typical inter-capillary distances are larger than in normal tissue. Therefore, hypoxic regions develop. Drug molecules may not reach these areas at concentrations above the lethal level. The combined effect of low drug concentrations and local hypoxia, often exacerbated by acidity, leads to therapy failure. To better understand the interplay between hypoxia and poor drug penetration, oxygenation needs to be assessed in different areas of inter-capillary tissue. The multicellular tumour spheroid is a well-established three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model of the capillary microenvironment. It is used to mimic nascent tumours and micro-metastases as well. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that dynamic intra-spheroidal oxygen maps can be obtained at the 3D multicellular tumour hemi-spheroid (MCH) using a non-invasive microelectrode array. The same oxygen distributions exist inside the equivalent but less accessible full spheroid. The MCH makes high throughput—high content analysis of spheroids feasible and thus can assist studies on basic cancer biology, drug development and personalized medicine.
Twin Higgs Asymmetric Dark Matter
Creators: name: García, Isabel García
name: Lasenby, Robert
name: March-Russell, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Asymmetric Dark Matter (ADM) in the context of the minimal (Fraternal) Twin Higgs solution to the little hierarchy problem, with a twin sector with gauged $SU(3)' \times SU(2)'$, a twin Higgs, and only third generation twin fermions. Naturalness requires the QCD$^\prime$ scale $Λ'_{\rm QCD} \simeq 0.5 - 20 \ {\rm GeV}$, and $t'$ to be heavy. We focus on the light $b'$ quark regime, $m_{b'} \lesssim Λ'_{\rm QCD}$, where QCD$^\prime$ is characterised by a single scale $Λ'_{\rm QCD}$ with no light pions. A twin baryon number asymmetry leads to a successful DM candidate: the spin-3/2 twin baryon, $Δ' \sim b'b'b'$, with a dynamically determined mass ($\sim 5 Λ'_{\rm QCD}$) in the preferred range for the DM-to-baryon ratio $Ω_{\rm DM}/Ω_{\rm baryon} \simeq 5$. Gauging the $U(1)'$ group leads to twin atoms ($Δ'$ - $\bar {τ'}$ bound states) that are successful ADM candidates in significant regions of parameter space, sometimes with observable changes to DM halo properties. Direct detection signatures satisfy current bounds, at times modified by dark form factors.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; references added, shortened version published in PRL
Long-Acting Methods of Contraception
Creators: name: Peterson, Herbert B.
name: Curtis, Kathryn M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: A healthy, multiparous 23-year-old woman requests advice about contraception. Her last child was conceived while she was using oral contraceptives, which she took irregularly. She wants no more children and desires a highly effective and long-acting method of contraception. She is sexually active in a monogamous relationship and had been treated for gonococcal cervicitis at the age of 16 years. She has normal menses. Findings on pelvic examination are normal. What contraceptive methods are appropriate for her?.
Positive Transversality via transfer operators and holomorphic motions with applications to monotonicity for interval maps
Creators: name: Levin, Genadi
name: Shen, Weixiao
name: van Strien, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we will develop a general approach which shows that generalized "critical relations" of families of locally defined holomorphic maps on the complex plane unfold transversally. The main idea is to define a transfer operator, which is a local analogue of the Thurston pullback operator, using holomorphic motions. Assuming a so-called lifting property is satisfied, we obtain information about the spectrum of this transfer operator and thus about transversality. An important new feature of our method is that it is not global: the maps we consider are only required to be defined and holomorphic on a neighbourhood of some finite set. We will illustrate this method by obtaining transversality for a wide class of one-parameter families of interval and circle maps, for example for maps with flat critical points, but also for maps with complex analytic extensions such as certain polynomial-like maps. As in Tsujii's approach \cite{Tsu0,Tsu1}, for real maps we obtain {\em positive} transversality (where $>0$ holds instead of just $\ne 0$), and thus monotonicity of entropy for these families, and also (as an easy application) for the real quadratic family. This method additionally gives results for unimodal families of the form $x\mapsto |x|^\ell+c$ for $\ell>1$ not necessarily an even integer and $c$ real.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1611.10056. To appear in Nonlinearity
(1243) Jane Maria Walker
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The Cognitive Foundations of Mathematics: Human gestures in proofs and mathematical incompleteness of formalisms
Creators: name: Longo, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Space
Time
Concept
Proof
Cognitive experience
Integers
Well ordering

description: In this text we will focus on some "geometric" judgements, which ground proofs and concepts of mathematics in cognitive experiences. They are "images", in the broad sense of mental constructions of a figurative nature: we will largely refer to the well ordering of integer numbers (they appear to our constructed imagination as spaced and ordered, one after the other) and to the shared image of the width less continuous line, an abstracted trajectory, as practice of action in space (and time).
description: https://www.keio-up.co.jp/kup/eng/cont/13300.html
SBQS 2024 - Material Suplementar
Creators: name: Netto, Dorgival
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 461202
subject: Empirical software engineering
classificationCode: 461207
subject: Software quality, processes and metrics

description: Application of Design Patterns Mini Olympiad as an Assessment Tool in a Systems Analysis and Design Course: Experience and Results
Detecting Unrealizability of Distributed Fault-tolerant Systems
Creators: name: Finkbeiner, Bernd
name: Tentrup, Leander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Writing formal specifications for distributed systems is difficult. Even simple consistency requirements often turn out to be unrealizable because of the complicated information flow in the distributed system: not all information is available in every component, and information transmitted from other components may arrive with a delay or not at all, especially in the presence of faults. The problem of checking the distributed realizability of a temporal specification is, in general, undecidable. Semi-algorithms for synthesis, such as bounded synthesis, are only useful in the positive case, where they construct an implementation for a realizable specification, but not in the negative case: if the specification is unrealizable, the search for the implementation never terminates. In this paper, we introduce counterexamples to distributed realizability and present a method for the detection of such counterexamples for specifications given in linear-time temporal logic (LTL). A counterexample consists of a set of paths, each representing a different sequence of inputs from the environment, such that, no matter how the components are implemented, the specification is violated on at least one of these paths. We present a method for finding such counterexamples both for the classic distributed realizability problem and for the fault-tolerant realizability problem. Our method considers, incrementally, larger and larger sets of paths until a counterexample is found. For safety specifications in weakly ordered architectures we obtain a decision procedure, while counterexamples for full LTL and arbitrary architectures may consist of infinitely many paths. Experimental results, obtained with a QBF-based prototype implementation, show that our method finds simple errors very quickly, and even problems with high combinatorial complexity, like the Byzantine Generals' Problem, are tractable.
Cultural Probe Kit on Authenticity triggers in XR experiences: activity book and diary for designers to explore and develop authentic experiences in Digital Heritage
Creators: name: Spotti Samuele
name: Pescarin Sofia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Virtual Museums
Digital Heritage
HCI
Authenticity
Extended Reality

description: This is a “Cultural Probe Kit” used by designers to explore cultural behaviours and needs of their audience, in the creation of digital applications. This particular Kit is meant to investigate how Authenticity and its dimensions and how they could be used by Interactive Media. 
Experiment and modeling details from An electro-osmotic microfluidic system to characterize cancer cell migration under confinement.
Creators: name: T. H. Hui
name: W. C. Cho
name: H. W. Fong
name: M. Yu
name: K. W. Kwan
name: K. C. Ngan
name: K. H. Wong
name: Y. Tan
name: S. Yao
name: H. Jiang
name: Z. Gu
name: Y. Lin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: We have developed a novel electro-osmotic microfluidic system to apply precisely controlled osmolarity gradients to cancer cells in micro-channels. We observed that albeit adhesion is not required for cells to migrate in such a confined microenvironment, the migrating velocity of cells is strongly influenced by the interactions between the cells and the channel wall, with a stronger adhesion leading to diminished cell motility. Furthermore, through examining more than 20 different types of cancer cells, we found a linear positive correlation between the protein concentration of the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and the cell migrating speed. Knockdown of AQP4 in invasive re-populated cancer stem cells reduced their migration capability down to the level that is comparable to their parental cancer cells. Interestingly, these observations can all be quantitatively explained by the osmotic engine model where the cell movement is assumed to be driven by cross-membrane ion/water transport, while adhesion acts as a frictional resistance against the cell motility. By providing versatile and controllable features in regulating and characterizing the migration capability of cells, our system may serve as a useful tool in quantifying how cell motility is influenced by different physical and biochemical factors, as well as elucidating the mechanisms behind, in the future.
(1247) Cecil Cooper Milligan
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Higher Auslander algebras of type $\mathbb{A}$ and the higher Waldhausen $\operatorname{S}$-constructions
Creators: name: Jasso, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: These notes are an expanded version of my talk at the ICRA 2018 in Prague, Czech Republic; they are based on joint work with Tobias Dyckerhoff and Tashi Walde. In them we relate Iyama's higher Auslander algebras of type $\mathbb{A}$ to Eilenberg--Mac Lane spaces in algebraic topology and to higher-dimensional versions of the Waldhausen $\operatorname{S}$-construction from algebraic $K$-theory.
description: 16 pages. The author's contribution to the Proceedings of the ICRA 2018, v.2 minor edits following referee report
Fusion for the one-dimensional Hubbard model
Creators: name: Beisert, Niklas
name: de Leeuw, Marius
name: Nag, Panchali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a formulation of the fusion procedure for integrable models which is suitable for application to non-standard R-matrices. It allows for construction of bound state R-matrices for AdS/CFT worldsheet scattering or equivalently for the one-dimensional Hubbard model. We also discuss some peculiar cases that arise in these models.
description: 17 pages
A symplectic dynamics proof of the degree-genus formula
Creators: name: Albers, Peter
name: Geiges, Hansjörg
name: Zehmisch, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37J05 (Primary) 14H50, 32Q65, 53D35 (Secondary)

description: We classify global surfaces of section for the Reeb flow of the standard contact form on the 3-sphere, defining the Hopf fibration. As an application, we prove the degree-genus formula for complex projective curves, using an elementary degeneration process inspired by the language of holomorphic buildings in symplectic field theory.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures
(1242) Edmond Stead
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Spin-Fluctuation-Induced Non-Fermi-Liquid Behavior with suppressed superconductivity in LiFe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$As
Creators: name: Dai, Y. M.
name: Miao, H.
name: Xing, L. Y.
name: Wang, X. C.
name: Wang, P. S.
name: Xiao, H.
name: Qian, T.
name: Richard, P.
name: Qiu, X. G.
name: Yu, W.
name: Jin, C. Q.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Johnson, P. D.
name: Homes, C. C.
name: Ding, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A series of LiFe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$As compounds with different Co concentrations have been studied by transport, optical spectroscopy, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. We observed a Fermi liquid to non-Fermi liquid to Fermi liquid (FL-NFL-FL) crossover alongside a monotonic suppression of the superconductivity with increasing Co content. In parallel to the FL-NFL-FL crossover, we found that both the low-energy spin fluctuations and Fermi surface nesting are enhanced and then diminished, strongly suggesting that the NFL behavior in LiFe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$As is induced by low-energy spin fluctuations which are very likely tuned by Fermi surface nesting. Our study reveals a unique phase diagram of LiFe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$As where the region of NFL is moved to the boundary of the superconducting phase, implying that they are probably governed by different mechanisms.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures
Light-front representation of chiral dynamics in peripheral transverse densities
Creators: name: Granados, C.
name: Weiss, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nucleon's electromagnetic form factors are expressed in terms of the transverse densities of charge and magnetization at fixed light-front time. At peripheral transverse distances $b = O(M_π^{-1})$ the densities are governed by chiral dynamics and can be calculated model-independently using chiral effective field theory (EFT). We represent the leading-order chiral EFT results for the peripheral transverse densities as overlap integrals of chiral light-front wave functions, describing the transition of the initial nucleon to soft pion-nucleon intermediate states and back. The new representation (a) explains the parametric order of the peripheral transverse densities; (b) establishes an inequality between the spin-independent and -dependent densities; (c) exposes the role of pion orbital angular momentum in chiral dynamics; (d) reveals a large left-right asymmetry of the current in a transversely polarized nucleon and suggests a simple interpretation. The light-front representation enables a first-quantized, quantum-mechanical view of chiral dynamics that is fully relativistic and exactly equivalent to the second-quantized, field-theoretical formulation. It relates the charge and magnetization densities measured in low-energy elastic scattering to the generalized parton distributions probed in peripheral high-energy scattering processes. The method can be applied to nucleon form factors of other operators, e.g. the energy-momentum tensor.
description: 28 pages, 9 figures
Deliverable 2.2. S2S (Science to Science) & S2B (Science to Business) Exploitation plans and IPR consortium guidelines structured
Creators: name: Potter, Robert
name: Ellis, Peter R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: innovation, IPR, science to science, science to business, renewable energy, renewable fuels and chemicals

description: This Deliverable Report considers Intellectual Property (IP) structures and Exploitation Methods
 within the Sunrise partnership. A clear and efficient management system for IP is critical for the
 successful commercialisation and implementation of inventions within Sunrise, and hence is one of
 the keys to the project having impact on the energy transition. At Project level, the proposed IP
 system is based on current practice in collaborative projects such as Horizon 2020, where partners
 share background IP when relevant, and arising IP is owned by the inventing party with licences
 granted to other parties. Sharing of IP across the Sunrise partnership is seen to be desirable, but the
 mechanism for this is not yet defined. The challenge to be overcome is to allow IP sharing between
 projects, but without deterring commercial parties from participating due to loss of control over IP
 they generate.
 Two forms of Exploitation are envisaged: Science-to-Science (S2S) and Science-to-Business (S2B).
How degenerate is the parametrization of neural networks with the ReLU activation function?
Creators: name: Berner, Julius
name: Elbrächter, Dennis
name: Grohs, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Neural network training is usually accomplished by solving a non-convex optimization problem using stochastic gradient descent. Although one optimizes over the networks parameters, the main loss function generally only depends on the realization of the neural network, i.e. the function it computes. Studying the optimization problem over the space of realizations opens up new ways to understand neural network training. In particular, usual loss functions like mean squared error and categorical cross entropy are convex on spaces of neural network realizations, which themselves are non-convex. Approximation capabilities of neural networks can be used to deal with the latter non-convexity, which allows us to establish that for sufficiently large networks local minima of a regularized optimization problem on the realization space are almost optimal. Note, however, that each realization has many different, possibly degenerate, parametrizations. In particular, a local minimum in the parametrization space needs not correspond to a local minimum in the realization space. To establish such a connection, inverse stability of the realization map is required, meaning that proximity of realizations must imply proximity of corresponding parametrizations. We present pathologies which prevent inverse stability in general, and, for shallow networks, proceed to establish a restricted space of parametrizations on which we have inverse stability w.r.t. to a Sobolev norm. Furthermore, we show that by optimizing over such restricted sets, it is still possible to learn any function which can be learned by optimization over unrestricted sets.
description: Accepted at NeurIPS 2019
Cosmic reionization after Planck
Creators: name: Mitra, Sourav
name: Choudhury, T. Roy
name: Ferrara, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic reionization holds the key to understand structure formation in the Universe, and can inform us about the properties of the first sources, as their star formation efficiency and escape fraction of ionizing photons. By combining the recent release of Planck electron scattering optical depth data with observations of high-redshift quasar absorption spectra, we obtain strong constraints on viable reionization histories. We show that inclusion of Planck data favors a reionization scenario with a single stellar population. The mean $x_{\rm HI}$ drops from $\sim0.8$ at $z=10.6$ to $\sim10^{-4}$ at $z=5.8$ and reionization is completed around $5.8\lesssim z\lesssim8.5$ (2-$σ$), thus indicating a significant reduction in contributions to reionization from high redshift sources. We can put independent constraints on the escape fraction $f_{\rm esc}$ of ionizing photons by incorporating the high-redshift galaxy luminosity function data into our analysis. We find a non-evolving $f_{\rm esc}$ of $\sim10\%$ in the redshift range $z=6-9$.
description: Accepted in MNRAS Letters. Revised to match the accepted version
Response to reviewers from An electro-osmotic microfluidic system to characterize cancer cell migration under confinement
Creators: name: T. H. Hui
name: W. C. Cho
name: H. W. Fong
name: M. Yu
name: K. W. Kwan
name: K. C. Ngan
name: K. H. Wong
name: Y. Tan
name: S. Yao
name: H. Jiang
name: Z. Gu
name: Y. Lin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: We have developed a novel electro-osmotic microfluidic system to apply precisely controlled osmolarity gradients to cancer cells in micro-channels. We observed that albeit adhesion is not required for cells to migrate in such a confined microenvironment, the migrating velocity of cells is strongly influenced by the interactions between the cells and the channel wall, with a stronger adhesion leading to diminished cell motility. Furthermore, through examining more than 20 different types of cancer cells, we found a linear positive correlation between the protein concentration of the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and the cell migrating speed. Knockdown of AQP4 in invasive re-populated cancer stem cells reduced their migration capability down to the level that is comparable to their parental cancer cells. Interestingly, these observations can all be quantitatively explained by the osmotic engine model where the cell movement is assumed to be driven by cross-membrane ion/water transport, while adhesion acts as a frictional resistance against the cell motility. By providing versatile and controllable features in regulating and characterizing the migration capability of cells, our system may serve as a useful tool in quantifying how cell motility is influenced by different physical and biochemical factors, as well as elucidating the mechanisms behind, in the future.
Forest Fire Model as a Supercritical Dynamic Model in Financial Systems
Creators: name: Lee, Deokjae
name: Kim, Jae-Young
name: Lee, Jeho
name: Kahng, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, large-scale cascading failures in complex systems have garnered substantial attention. Such extreme events have been treated as an integral part of the self-organized criticality (SOC). Recent empirical work has suggested that some extreme events systematically deviate from the SOC paradigm, requiring a different theoretical framework. We shed additional theoretical light on this possibility by studying financial crisis. We build our model of financial crisis on the well-known forest fire model in scale-free networks. Our analysis shows a non-trivial scaling feature indicating supercritical behavior, which is independent of system size. Extreme events in the supercritical state result from bursting of a fat bubble, seeds of which are sown by a protracted period of a benign financial environment with few shocks. Our findings suggest that policymakers can control the magnitude of financial meltdowns by keeping the economy operating within reasonable duration of a benign environment.
Analytic stability boundaries for compressional and global Alfvén eigenmodes driven by fast ions. II. Interaction via Landau resonance
Creators: name: Lestz, J. B.
name: Gorelenkov, N. N.
name: Belova, E. V.
name: Tang, S. X.
name: Crocker, N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conditions for net fast ion drive are derived for beam-driven, co-propagating, sub-cyclotron compressional (CAE) and global (GAE) Alfvén eigenmodes driven by the Landau resonance with super-Alfvénic fast ions. Approximations applicable to realistic neutral beam distributions and mode characteristics observed in spherical tokamaks enable the derivation of marginal stability conditions for these modes. Such conditions successfully reproduce the stability boundaries found from numerical integration of the exact expression for local fast ion drive/damping. Coupling between the CAE and GAE branches of the dispersion due to finite $ω/ω_{ci}$ and $k_\parallel/k_\perp$ is retained and found to be responsible for the existence of the GAE instability via this resonance. Encouraging agreement is demonstrated between the approximate stability criterion, simulation results, and a database of NSTX observations of co-CAEs.
description: Part 2 of 2. 14 pages, 5 figures
Emergent Lorentz invariance with chiral fermions
Creators: name: Kharuk, Ivan
name: Sibiryakov, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study renormalization group flows in strongly interacting field theories with fermions that correspond to transitions between a theory without Lorentz invariance at high energies down to a theory with approximate Lorentz symmetry in the infrared. Holographic description of the strong coupling is used. The emphasis is made on emergence of chiral fermions in the low-energy theory.
description: 28 pages, 2 figures
(1244) Charlotte Hawtin
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Full error analysis for the training of deep neural networks
Creators: name: Beck, Christan
name: Jentzen, Arnulf
name: Kuckuck, Benno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep learning algorithms have been applied very successfully in recent years to a range of problems out of reach for classical solution paradigms. Nevertheless, there is no completely rigorous mathematical error and convergence analysis which explains the success of deep learning algorithms. The error of a deep learning algorithm can in many situations be decomposed into three parts, the approximation error, the generalization error, and the optimization error. In this work we estimate for a certain deep learning algorithm each of these three errors and combine these three error estimates to obtain an overall error analysis for the deep learning algorithm under consideration. In particular, we thereby establish convergence with a suitable convergence speed for the overall error of the deep learning algorithm under consideration. Our convergence speed analysis is far from optimal and the convergence speed that we establish is rather slow, increases exponentially in the dimensions, and, in particular, suffers from the curse of dimensionality. The main contribution of this work is, instead, to provide a full error analysis (i) which covers each of the three different sources of errors usually emerging in deep learning algorithms and (ii) which merges these three sources of errors into one overall error estimate for the considered deep learning algorithm.
description: 53 pages
Peginterferon Alfa-2a, Lamivudine, and the Combination for HBeAg-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B
Creators: name: Lau, George K.K.
name: Piratvisuth, Teerha
name: Kang, Xian Luo
name: Seung, Woon Paik
name: Wen, Yu Chang
name: Wan, Cheng Chow
name: Cooksley, Graham
name: Pluck, Nigel
name: Marcellin, Patrick
name: Berg, Thomas
name: Gane, Edward
name: Flisiak, Robert
name: McCloud, Philip
name: Fried, Michael W.
name: Thongsawat, Satawat
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: BACKGROUND Current treatments for chronic hepatitis B are suboptimal. In the search for improved therapies, we compared the efficacy and safety ofpegylated interferon alfa plus lamivudine, pegylated interferon alfa without lamivudine, and lamivudine alone for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B. METHODS A total of 814 patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B received either peginterferon alfa-2a (180 pg once weekly) plus oral placebo, peginterferon alfa-2a plus lamivudine (100 mg daily), or lamivudine alone. The majority of patients in the study were Asian (87 percent). Most patients were infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype B or C. Patients were treated for 48 weeks and followed for an additional 24 weeks. RESULTS After 24 weeks of follow-up, significantly more patients who received peginterferon alfa-2a monotherapy or peginterferon alfa-2a plus lamivudine than those who received lamivudine monotherapy had HBeAg seroconversion (32 percent vs. 19 percent [P<0.001] and 27 percent vs. 19 percent [P=0.02], respectively) or HBV DNA levels below 100,000 copies per milliliter (32 percent vs. 22 percent [P=0.01] and 34 percentvs. 22 percent [P=0.003], respectively). Sixteen patients receiving peginterferon alfa-2a (alone or in combination) had hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion, as compared with 0 in the group receiving lamivudine alone (P=0.001). The most common adverse events were those known to occur with therapies based on interferon alfa. Serious adverse events occurred in 4 percent, 6 percent, and 2 percent of patients receiving peginterferon alfa-2a monotherapy, combination therapy, and lamivudine monotherapy, respectively. Two patients receiving lamivudine monotherapy had irreversible liver failure after the cessation of treatment- one underwent liver transplantation, and the other died. CONCLUSIONS In patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B, peginterferon alfa-2a offers superior efficacy over lamivudine, on the basis of HBeAg seroconversion, HBV DNA suppression, and HBsAg seroconversion.
Addional information regarding the study from High-fidelity copying is not necessarily the key to cumulative cultural evolution: a study in monkeys and children.
Creators: name: Saldana, Carmen
name: Fagot, Joël
name: Kirby, Simon
name: Smith, Kenny
name: Claidière, Nicolas
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Supplementary figures and analysis supporting the main text.