cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Addressing overdispersion and zero-inflation for clustered count data via new multilevel heterogenous hurdle models
Creators: name: Altinisik, Yasin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Unobserved heterogeneity causing overdispersion and the excessive number of zeros take a prominent place in the methodological development on count modeling. An insight into the mechanisms that induce heterogeneity is required for better understanding of the phenomenon of overdispersion. When the heterogeneity is sourced by the stochastic component of the model, the use of a heterogenous Poisson distribution for this part encounters as an elegant solution. Hierarchical design of the study is also responsible for the heterogeneity as the unobservable effects at various levels also contribute to the overdispersion. Zero-inflation, heterogeneity and multilevel nature in the count data present special challenges in their own respect, however the presence of all in one study adds more challenges to the modeling strategies. This study therefore is designed to merge the attractive features of the separate strand of the solutions in order to face such a comprehensive challenge. This study differs from the previous attempts by the choice of two recently developed heterogeneous distributions, namely Poisson–Lindley (PL) and Poisson–Ailamujia (PA) for the truncated part. Using generalized linear mixed modeling settings, predictive performances of the multilevel PL and PA models and their hurdle counterparts were assessed within a comprehensive simulation study in terms of bias, precision and accuracy measures. Multilevel models were applied to two separate real world examples for the assessment of practical implications of the new models proposed in this study.
Thermal interaction between free convection and forced convection along a vertical conducting wall
Creators: name: Shu, Jian-Jun
name: Pop, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical study is presented in this paper to investigate the conjugate heat transfer across a vertical finite wall separating two forced and free convection flows at different temperatures. The heat conduction in the wall is in the transversal direction and countercurrent boundary layers are formed on the both sides of the wall. The governing equations of this problem and their corresponding boundary conditions are all cast into a dimensionless form by using a non-similarity transformation. These resultant equations with multiple singular points are solved numerically using a very efficient singular perturbation method. The effects of the resistance parameters and Prandtl numbers on heat transfer characteristics are investigated.
New Eulerian numbers of type D
Creators: name: Borowiec, Anna
name: Młotkowski, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A05, 20B35

description: We introduce a new array of type $D$ Eulerian numbers, different from that studied by Brenti, Chow and Hyatt. We find in particular the recurrence relation, Worpitzky formula and the generating function. We also find the probability distributions whose moments are Eulerian polynomials of type $A$, $B$ and $D$.
description: 11 pages
A survival tree based on stabilized score tests for high-dimensional covariates
Creators: name: Emura, Takeshi
name: Hsu, Wei-Chern
name: Chou, Wen-Chi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: A survival tree can classify subjects into different survival prognostic groups. However, when data contains high-dimensional covariates, the two popular classification trees exhibit fatal drawbacks. The logrank tree is unstable and tends to have false nodes; the conditional inference tree is difficult to interpret the adjusted P-value for high-dimensional tests. Motivated by these problems, we propose a new survival tree based on the stabilized score tests. We propose a novel matrix-based algorithm in order to tests a number of nodes simultaneously via stabilized score tests. We propose a recursive partitioning algorithm to construct a survival tree and develop our original R package uni.survival.tree (https://cran.r-project.org/package=uni.survival.tree) for implementation. Simulations are performed to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over the existing methods. The lung cancer data analysis demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed method.
Spin signature of nonlocal-correlation binding in metal organic frameworks
Creators: name: Thonhauser, T.
name: Zuluaga, S.
name: Arter, C. A.
name: Berland, K.
name: Schröder, E.
name: Hyldgaard, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a proper nonempirical spin-density formalism for the van der Waals density functional (vdW-DF) method. We show that this generalization, termed svdW-DF, is firmly rooted in the single-particle nature of exchange and we test it on a range of spin systems. We investigate in detail the role of spin in the nonlocal-correlation driven adsorption of H$_2$ and CO$_2$ in the linear magnets Mn-MOF74, Fe-MOF74, Co-MOF74, and Ni-MOF74. In all cases, we find that spin plays a significant role during the adsorption process despite the general weakness of the molecular-magnetic responses. The case of CO$_2$ adsorption in Ni-MOF74 is particularly interesting, as the inclusion of spin effects results in an increased attraction, opposite to what the diamagnetic nature of CO$_2$ would suggest. We explain this counter-intuitive result, tracking the behavior to a coincidental hybridization of the O $p$ states with the Ni $d$ states in the down-spin channel. More generally, by providing insight on nonlocal correlation in concert with spin effects, our nonempirical svdW-DF method opens the door for a deeper understanding of weak nonlocal magnetic interactions.
description: Phys. Rev. Lett., in print (2015)
Measurement of Body Density using the Bod Pod® versus Underwater Weighing - A Validation Study in Adult Black Women
Creators: name: Sims, Dangaia Alfre Simone
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2013

description: This study examined the validity of the Bod Pod®, using underwater weighing (UWW) as the criterion, for the determination of body density (Db) and estimation of percent body fat (%BF). Thirty-six healthy Black women (25.2 ± 5.3) completed one UWW measurement period and one Bod Pod® measurement period to determine Db. Percent body fat was estimated from Db using the general Siri formula and the race/ethnicity-specific Ortiz formula. Results showed no significant differences between Db (g/cm3) as measured by the Bod Pod® and UWW in adult Black women (p = 0.715). A significant difference (p < 0.001) was found between the Siri and Ortiz %BF estimations, with Ortiz estimating %BF to be approximately 1.0% greater than Siri. These results suggest that while the Bod Pod® is valid in determining Db in adult Black women, the use of race/ethnicity-specific equations are necessary when determining %BF in this population.
The Practice of Pulse Processing
Creators: name: Fowler, J. W.
name: Alpert, B. K.
name: Doriese, W. B.
name: Joe, Y. -I.
name: O'Neil, G. C.
name: Ullom, J. N.
name: Swetz, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analysis of data from x-ray microcalorimeters requires great care; their excellent intrinsic energy resolution cannot usually be achieved in practice without a statistically near-optimal pulse analysis and corrections for important systematic errors. We describe the essential parts of a pulse-analysis pipeline for data from x-ray microcalorimeters, including steps taken to reduce systematic gain variation and the unwelcome dependence of filtered pulse heights on the exact pulse-arrival time. We find these steps collectively to be essential tools for getting the best results from a microcalorimeter-based x-ray spectrometer.
description: Accepted for publication in J. Low Temperature Physics, special issue for the proceedings of the Low Temperature Detectors 16 conference
Picard group of isotropic realizations of twisted Poisson manifolds
Creators: name: Fok, Chi-Kwong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $B$ be a twisted Poisson manifold with a fixed tropical affine structure given by a period bundle $P$. In this paper, we study the classification of almost symplectically complete isotropic realizations (ASCIRs) over $B$ in the spirit of \cite{DD}. We construct a product among ASCIRs in analogy with tensor product of line bundles, thereby introducing the notion of the Picard group of $B$. We give descriptions of the Picard group in terms of exact sequences involving certain sheaf cohomology groups, and find that the `Néron-Severi group' is isomorphic to $H^2(B, \underline{P})$. An example of an ASCIR over a certain open subset of a compact Lie group is discussed.
description: 21 pages. Comments are welcome
Average Results on the Order of $a$ modulo $p$
Creators: name: Kim, Sungjin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $a>1$ be an integer. Denote by $l_a(p)$ the multiplicative order of $a$ modulo primes $p$. We prove that if $\frac{x}{\log x\log\log x}=o(y)$, then $$\frac 1 y \sum_{a\leq y}\sum_{p\leq x}\frac{1}{l_a(p)}=\log x + C\log\log x+O\left(\frac x {y \log\log x}\right) $$ which is an improvement over a theorem by Felix ~\cite{Fe}. Additionally, we also prove two other average results If $\log^2 x = o(ψ(x))$ and $x^{1-δ}\log^3 x = o(y)$, then $$\frac1y \sum_{a\frac{x}{ψ(x)}}}} 1 = π(x) + O\left(\frac{x\log x}{ψ(x)}\right) + O\left(\frac{x^{2 - δ}\log^2 x}y\right).$$ Furthermore, if $x^{1-δ}\log^3 x = o(y)$, then $$\frac1y\sum_{a
Detectability of deuterated water in prestellar cores
Creators: name: Quénard, David
name: Taquet, Vianney
name: Vastel, Charlotte
name: Caselli, Paola
name: Ceccarelli, Cecilia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Water is an important molecule in the chemical and thermal balance of dense molecular gas, but knowing its history through-out the various stages of the star formation is a fundamental problem. Its molecular deuteration provides us with a crucial clue to its formation history. H$_2$O has recently been detected for the first time towards the prestellar core L1544 with the Herschel Space Observatory with a high spectral resolution (HIFI instrument). Prestellar cores provide the original reservoir of material from which future planetary systems are built, but few observational constraints exist on the formation of water and none on its deuteration before the collapse starts and a protostar forms at the centre. We report on new APEX observations of the ground state 1$_{0,1}$-0$_{0,0}$ HDO transition at 464 GHz towards the prestellar core L1544. The line is undetected, and we present an extensive study of the conditions for its detectability in cold and dense cloud cores. The water and deuterated water abundances have been estimated using an advanced chemical model simplified for the limited number of reactions or processes that are active in cold regions (< 15 K). We use the LIME radiative transfer code to compute the expected intensity and profile of both H$_2$O and HDO lines and compare them with the observations. We present several ad hoc profiles that best-fit the observations and compare the profiles with results from an astrochemical modelling, coupling gas phase and grain surface chemistry. Our comparison between observations, radiative transfer, and chemical modelling shows the limits of detectability for singly deuterated water, through the ground-state transitions 1$_{0,1}$-0$_{0,0}$ and 1$_{1,1}$-0$_{0,0}$ at 464.9 and 893.6 GHz, respectively, with both single-dish telescope and interferometric observations.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
A stochastic model for gene transcription on Drosophila melanogaster embryos
Creators: name: Prata, Guilherme N.
name: Hornos, José Eduardo M.
name: Ramos, Alexandre F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We examine immunostaining experimental data for the formation of the strip 2 of $even-skipped$ ($eve$) transcripts on $D.$ $melanogaster$ embryos. An estimate of the factor converting immunofluorescence intensity units into molecular numbers is given. The analysis of the $eve$ mRNA's dynamics at the region of the stripe 2 suggests that the promoter site of the gene has two distinct regimes: an earlier phase when it is predominantly activated until a critical time when it becomes mainly repressed. That suggests proposing a stochastic binary model for gene transcription on $D.$ $melanogaster$ embryos. Our model has two random variables: the transcripts number and the state of the source of mRNAs given as active or repressed. We are able to reproduce available experimental data for the average number of transcripts. An analysis of the random fluctuations on the number of $eve$ mRNA's and their consequences on the spatial precision of the stripe 2 is presented. We show that the position of the anterior/posterior borders fluctuate around their average position by $\sim 1 \%$ of the embryo length which is similar to what is found experimentally. The fitting of data by such a simple model suggests that it can be useful to understand the functions of randomness during developmental processes.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures in Phys. Rev. E 2015
Dressing Both Sides: American Masculinity in the Films of Fred Astaire
Creators: name: Vinogradov, Oren
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2013

description: This thesis considers the construction of a particularly American masculinity portrayed on film by Fred Astaire. I analyze two case studies, Top Hat (RKO, 1935) and Silk Stockings (MGM, 1957). By considering the interactions of musical and visual elements, I argue that the mythologies and nostalgia which have permeated scholarship on Astaire simplify his socio-economic identity in their interpretations of Astaire's gender performance. I reinterpret Astaire's song and dance numbers as overt references to a complex nexus of masculinity, American nationalism, and middle-class consumption, based on his relationships to surrounding depictions of foreign males. The persistence of this nexus contradicts Astaire's post-mortem image as ambiguously masculine. In light of each film's contexts, the determination of Astaire's roles as a repetitive character presents new avenues for critical research into sequential films from early Hollywood.
Physiotherapist’s Perceptions of their Role in Treating and Managing Patients with Mental Health Disorders: A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Tsang, Louisa
name: Ribeiro, Chelsea
name: Lin, Brandon
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Barriers
subject: Fascilitators
subject: Mental Health
subject: Mental Health Disorder
subject: Mental Illness
subject: Perception
subject: Physical Therapy
subject: Physiotherapy

description: The role of the physiotherapist has adapted over many years to incorporate a holistic and biopsychosocial model of treatment and management, inclusive of addressing the psychological factors that patients are facing. With a rise in mental health awareness, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health disorders are being normalized and therefore publicized more frequently worldwide. This population therefore includes patients who are seeking care at physiotherapy clinics. Even with this rising incidence, physiotherapists continue to carry inconsistent perceptions of their preparedness and role in treating patients with mental health disorders. This systematic review aims to primarily summarize the perceptions of physiotherapists regarding their role in treating and managing patients with mental health disorders. Another aim is to investigate the perceived barriers and facilitators that physiotherapists face when treating and managing patients with mental health disorders.
Trapping molecules on chips
Creators: name: Santambrogio, Gabriele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the last years, it was demonstrated that neutral molecules can be loaded on a microchip directly from a supersonic beam. The molecules are confined in microscopic traps that can be moved smoothly over the surface of the chip. Once the molecules are trapped, they can be decelerated to a standstill, for instance, or pumped into selected quantum states by laser light or microwaves. Molecules are detected on the chip by time-resolved spatial imaging, which allows for the study of the distribution in the phase space of the molecular ensemble.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0812.1487 by other authors
Development of the kaon tagging system for the NA62 experiment at CERN
Creators: name: Goudzovski, Evgueni
name: Krivda, Marian
name: Lazzeroni, Cristina
name: Massri, Karim
name: Newson, Francis O.
name: Pyatt, Simon
name: Romano, Angela
name: Serghi, Xen
name: Sergi, Antonino
name: Staley, Richard J.
name: Heath, Helen F.
name: Page, Ryan F.
name: Cassese, Antonio
name: Cooke, Peter A.
name: Dainton, John B.
name: Fry, John R.
name: Fulton, Liam D. J.
name: Jones, Emlyn
name: Jones, Tim J.
name: McCormick, Kevin J.
name: Sutcliffe, Peter
name: Wrona, Bozydar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The NA62 experiment at CERN aims to make a precision measurement of the ultra-rare decay $K^{+} \rightarrow π^{+}ν\overlineν$, and relies on a differential Cherenkov detector (KTAG) to identify charged kaons at an average rate of 50 MHz in a 750 MHz unseparated hadron beam. The experimental sensitivity of NA62 to K-decay branching ratios (BR) of $10^{-11}$ requires a time resolution for the KTAG of better than 100 ps, an efficiency better than 95% and a contamination of the kaon sample that is smaller than $10^{-4}$. A prototype version of the detector was tested in 2012, during the first NA62 technical run, in which the required resolution of 100 ps was achieved and the necessary functionality of the light collection system and electronics was demonstrated.
Casimir effect and quantum reflection
Creators: name: Dufour, Gabriel
name: Guérout, Romain
name: Lambrecht, Astrid
name: Reynaud, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The GBAR experiment will time the free fall of cold antihydrogen atoms dropped onto an annihilation plate to test the universality of free fall on antimatter. In this contribution, we study the quantum reflection of the anti-atom resulting from the Casimir-Polder attraction to the plate. We evaluate the Casimir-Polder potential and the associated quantum reflection amplitudes and find that reflection is enhanced for weaker potentials. A Liouville transformation of the Schrödinger equation is used to map the quantum reflection problem onto an equivalent problem of scattering on a barrier, leading to an intuitive understanding of the phenomenon.
description: Contribution to the Rencontres de Moriond 2015 Gravitation session
Lorentz Center Workshop: Automated Workflow Composition in the Life Sciences
Creators: name: Lamprecht, Anna-Lena
name: Palmblad, Magnus
name: Ison, Jon
name: Schwämmle, Veit
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Computer Sciences
subject: bio.tools
subject: EDAM
subject: ELIXIR
subject: Lorentz Center
subject: scientific workflows
subject: workflow composition
subject: workshop

description: Collection of materials from the Lorentz Center workshop on "Automated Workflow Composition in the Life Sciences", held 9 - 13 March 2020 at the Lorentz Center (Oort venue) in Leiden, Netherlands.
The Diversity-Innovation Paradox in Open-Source Software
Creators: name: Yong, Mengchen
name: Paganini, Lavínia
name: Qiu, Huilian
name: Santiago Calderón, José
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
subject: Computer Sciences
subject: Software Engineering
subject: diversity
subject: innovation
subject: open-source

description: Prior studies have shown that, in open-source software (OSS), diversity is a positive indicator of productivity. Yet, code submissions from underrepresented groups are less successful. This mirrors the diversity-innovation paradox found in science—diverse groups produce more innovations, but historically underrepresented people have less successful careers in these groups. In this preliminary research, we want to investigate whether the effect of the diversity-innovation paradox is present in OSS. We define software innovation as a novel co-usage of two packages in the same project. Using World of Code, we identified JavaScript projects’ innovations from late 2008 to early 2014. We intend to calculate diversity measures for the authors who produced the innovations and build models to test the presence of the diversity-innovation paradox in OSS.
Autonomous submersible multiport water sampler
Creators: name: Mucciarone, David
name: DeJong, Hans
name: Dunbar, Robert
name: Takeshita, Yui
name: Albright, Rebecca
name: Mertz, Keaton
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Marine Biology
subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
subject: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: autonomous water sampler

description: Autonomous underwater multiport water sampler
Proof-of-concept for the autobiographical Memory Flexibility (MemFlex) intervention for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Creators: name: Hitchcock, Caitlin
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mental Disorders
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Psychological Phenomena and Processes

description: Autobiographical memory distortions are a key feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial (N = 43), we evaluated an autobiographical memory flexibility intervention, MemFlex. We aimed to determine whether the mechanism-focused intervention, which aims to improve autobiographical memory processes, may also affect other cognitive predictors of PTSD and potentially reduce PTSD symptoms in Iranian trauma survivors diagnosed with PTSD. Results indicated significant, moderate to large between-groups effect sizes in favor of MemFlex, relative to wait-list control, for the targeted cognitive mechanism of autobiographical memory flexibility and PTSD symptoms. A large, significant effect was also observed on maladaptive posttraumatic cognitions—a strong predictor of PTSD prognosis, which is a key target of high-intensity cognitive therapies for PTSD. Findings support future completion of a scaled-up trial to evaluate treatment efficacy of MemFlex for PTSD to determine whether MemFlex may offer a culturally adaptive, low-cost, low-intensity intervention able to improve cognitive mechanisms of PTSD.
Accelerating Scientific Publication in Biology
Creators: name: Vale, Ronald D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Scientific publications enable results and ideas to be transmitted throughout the scientific community. The number and type of journal publications also have become the primary criteria used in evaluating career advancement. Our analysis suggests that publication practices have changed considerably in the life sciences over the past thirty years. More experimental data is now required for publication, and the average time required for graduate students to publish their first paper has increased and is approaching the desirable duration of Ph.D. training. Since publication is generally a requirement for career progression, schemes to reduce the time of graduate student and postdoctoral training may be difficult to implement without also considering new mechanisms for accelerating communication of their work. The increasing time to publication also delays potential catalytic effects that ensue when many scientists have access to new information. The time has come for life scientists, funding agencies, and publishers to discuss how to communicate new findings in a way that best serves the interests of the public and the scientific community.
description: 39 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, and a Q&A related to pre-prints
Wall of blood: the Baltic German case study in National Socialist wartime population policy, 1939-1945
Creators: name: Plavnieks, Richards Olafs
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: This study begins with Hitler's Reichstag Speech on 6 October 1939 in which he famously called the Baltic Germans Heim ins Reich, focuses on their agonizing choice to resettle and on their wartime experiences, and ends with some reflections about the notion of Heimat for the Baltic Germans and their descendents today. It is based on research conducted in three archives: the National Archives and Records Administration in College Park, Maryland (NARA II), the Bundesarchiv-Berlin (BAB), and the Lastenausgleichsarchiv-Bayreuth (LAA). These archives hold, respectively, the records of the Reichskommissariat für die Festigung deutschen Volkstums (RKFDV), the records of the Einwandererzentralstelle (EWZ), and postwar interviews with Baltic German participants in the resettlement. As the resettlement of the Baltic Germans was the only operation of its sort completed by National Socialist Germany, this case study can illuminate relations between Reich authority and the recipients of its ideological favor. The SS resettlement apparatus and its ideological aims remained constant in the face of changing wartime circumstances. What were the attitudes of the Baltic Germans, their goals, feelings, frustrations, worries, and aspirations, in the face of extraordinary circumstances? The goal of this study is to render the Baltic Germans as human beings and to examine their experience within the context of mass population transfer, SS bureaucracy, ideological war, and multi-dimensional ethnic tensions.
Symmetries and conservation laws for the Karczewska--Rozmej--Rutkowski--Infeld equation
Creators: name: Sergyeyev, A.
name: Vitolo, R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37K05

description: We give a complete description of generalized symmetries and local conservation laws for the fifth-order Karczewska--Rozmej--Rutkowski--Infeld equation describing shallow water waves in a channel with variable depth. In particular, we show that this equation has no genuinely generalized symmetries and thus is not symmetry integrable.
description: 10 pages
Emission and amplification of surface plasmons in resonant - tunneling van der Waals heterostructures
Creators: name: Svintsov, D.
name: Devizorova, Zh.
name: Otsuji, T.
name: Ryzhii, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict a new mechanism of surface plasmon amplification in graphene-insulator-graphene van der Waals heterostructures. The amplification occurs upon the stimulated interlayer electron tunneling accompanied by the emission of a coherent plasmon. The quantum-mechanical calculations of the non-local high-frequency tunnel conductivity show that a relative smallness of the tunneling exponent can be compensated by a strong resonance due to the enhanced tunneling between electron states with collinear momenta in the neighboring graphene layers. With the optimal selection of the barrier layer, the surface plasmon gain due to the inelastic tunneling can compensate or even exceed the loss due to both Drude and interband absorption. The tunneling emission of the surface plasmons is robust against a slight twist of the graphene layers and might explain the electroluminescence from the tunnel-coupled graphene layers observed in the recent experiments.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
A note on the snout
Creators: name: Fowler, Andrew
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: Mathematical sciences

description: The shallow ice approximation for glaciers and ice sheets is a degenerate model in which the ice surface slope at the margin may be infinite. This result is due to the neglect of the otherwise small longitudinal stress terms. Here we derive a corrected approximation for the basal shear stress, and show that the resulting model provides an explanation for the observed finite slope margins.
Structural symmetry in evolutionary games
Creators: name: McAvoy, Alex
name: Hauert, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In evolutionary game theory, an important measure of a mutant trait (strategy) is its ability to invade and take over an otherwise-monomorphic population. Typically, one quantifies the success of a mutant strategy via the probability that a randomly occurring mutant will fixate in the population. However, in a structured population, this fixation probability may depend on where the mutant arises. Moreover, the fixation probability is just one quantity by which one can measure the success of a mutant; fixation time, for instance, is another. We define a notion of homogeneity for evolutionary games that captures what it means for two single-mutant states, i.e. two configurations of a single mutant in an otherwise-monomorphic population, to be "evolutionarily equivalent" in the sense that all measures of evolutionary success are the same for both configurations. Using asymmetric games, we argue that the term "homogeneous" should apply to the evolutionary process as a whole rather than to just the population structure. For evolutionary matrix games in graph-structured populations, we give precise conditions under which the resulting process is homogeneous. Finally, we show that asymmetric matrix games can be reduced to symmetric games if the population structure possesses a sufficient degree of symmetry.
description: to appear in J. Roy. Soc. Interface
Mapping the content structure of patient self-help group activity on social media
Creators: name: Zörgő, Szilvia
name: Mkhitaryan, Samvel
name: Susánszky, Anna
name: Krisztina, Csajbók-Veres
name: Jeney, Anna
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: We aim to explore the health-related needs of specific patient populations via mapping the content and structure of information flow within patient self-help group activity on social media in order to formulate recommendations regarding the functionality of professional e-health tools for patients living with chronic illnesses in Hungary.
CSO and CARMA Observations of L1157. I. A Deep Search for Hydroxylamine (NH$_2$OH)
Creators: name: McGuire, Brett A.
name: Carroll, P. Brandon
name: Dollhopf, Niklaus M.
name: Crockett, Nathan R.
name: Corby, Joanna F.
name: Loomis, Ryan A.
name: Burkhardt, Andrew
name: Shingledecker, Christopher
name: Blake, Geoffrey A.
name: Remijan, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A deep search for the potential glycine precursor hydroxylamine (NH$_2$OH) using the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO) at $λ= 1.3$ mm and the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) at $λ= 3$ mm is presented toward the molecular outflow L1157, targeting the B1 and B2 shocked regions. We report non-detections of NH$_2$OH in both sources. We a perform non-LTE analysis of CH$_3$OH observed in our CSO spectra to derive kinetic temperatures and densities in the shocked regions. Using these parameters, we derive upper limit column densities of NH$_2$OH of $\leq1.4 \times 10^{13}$~cm$^{-2}$ and $\leq1.5 \times 10^{13}$~cm$^{-2}$ toward the B1 and B2 shocks, respectively, and upper limit relative abundances of $N_{NH_2OH}/N_{H_2} \leq1.4 \times 10^{-8}$ and $\leq1.5 \times 10^{-8}$, respectively.
description: Accepted in the Astrophysical Journal
Positive energy representations of double extensions of Hilbert loop algebras
Creators: name: Marquis, Timothée
name: Neeb, Karl-Hermann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B10, 17B65, 17B70, 22E65

description: A real Lie algebra with a compatible Hilbert space structure (in the sense that the scalar product is invariant) is called a Hilbert-Lie algebra. Such Lie algebras are natural infinite-dimensional analogues of the compact Lie algebras; in particular, any infinite-dimensional simple Hilbert-Lie algebra $\mathfrak{k}$ is of one of the four classical types $A_J$, $B_J$, $C_J$ or $D_J$ for some infinite set $J$. Imitating the construction of affine Kac-Moody algebras, one can then consider affinisations of $\mathfrak{k}$, that is, double extensions of (twisted) loop algebras over $\mathfrak{k}$. Such an affinisation $\mathfrak{g}$ of $\mathfrak{k}$ possesses a root space decomposition with respect to some Cartan subalgebra $\mathfrak{h}$, whose corresponding root system yields one of the seven locally affine root systems (LARS) of type $A_J^{(1)}$, $B^{(1)}_J$, $C^{(1)}_J$, $D_J^{(1)}$, $B_J^{(2)}$, $C_J^{(2)}$ or $BC_J^{(2)}$. Let $D\in\mathrm{der}(\mathfrak{g})$ with $\mathfrak{h}\subseteq\mathrm{ker}D$ (a diagonal derivation of $\mathfrak{g}$). Then every highest weight representation $(ρ_λ,L(λ))$ of $\mathfrak{g}$ with highest weight $λ$ can be extended to a representation $\widetildeρ_λ$ of the semi-direct product $\mathfrak{g}\rtimes \mathbb{R} D$. In this paper, we characterise all pairs $(λ,D)$ for which the representation $\widetildeρ_λ$ is of positive energy, namely, for which the spectrum of the operator $-i\widetildeρ_λ(D)$ is bounded from below.
description: 24 pages
The H.E.S.S. transients follow-up system
Creators: name: Hoischen, Clemens
name: Füßling, M.
name: Ohm, S.
name: Balzer, A.
name: Ashkar, H.
name: Bernlöhr, K.
name: Hofverberg, P.
name: Holch, T. L.
name: Murach, T.
name: Prokoph, H.
name: Schüssler, F.
name: Zhu, S. J.
name: Berge, D.
name: Egberts, K.
name: Stegmann, C.
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 520
subject: HESS
subject: control system
subject: feedback
subject: data acquisition
subject: messenger
subject: interface
subject: performance
subject: methods: observational
subject: gamma rays: general

description: Observations of astrophysical transients have brought many novel discoveries and provided new insights into the physical processes at work under extreme conditions in the Universe. Multi-wavelength and multi-messenger observations of variable objects require dedicated procedures and follow-up systems capable of digesting and reacting to external alerts to execute coordinated follow-up campaigns. The main functions of such follow-up systems are the processing, filtering, and ranking of the incoming alerts, the fully automated rapid execution of the observations according to an observation strategy tailored to the instrument, and real-time data analysis with feedback to the operators and other instruments. The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) has been searching for transient phenomena since its inauguration in 2003. In this paper, we describe the transients follow-up system of H.E.S.S. which became operational in 2016. The system allows H.E.S.S. to conduct a more versatile, optimised, and largely autonomous transient follow-up programme, combining all major functionalities in one systematic approach. We describe the design, central functionalities, and interfaces of the follow-up system in general and its three main components in detail: the Target of Opportunity (ToO) alert system, the data acquisition and central control system, and the real-time analysis. We highlight architectural decisions and features that enable fully automatic ToO follow-up and indicate key performance metrics of the subsystems. We discuss the system's capabilities and highlight the need for a fine-tuned interplay of the different subsystems in order to react quickly and reliably. Lessons learnt from the development, integration, and operation of the follow-up system are reviewed in light of new and large science infrastructures and associated challenges in this exciting new era of inter-operable astronomy.Key words: methods: observational / gamma rays: general★ Now at Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France.
Older than expected: fluvial aggradation of the Rhine's main terrace at Kärlich dated around 1.5Ma by electron spin resonance
Creators: name: Bartz, Melanie
name: Duval, Mathieu
name: Escarza, María Jesús Alonso
name: Rixhon, Gilles
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
classificationCode: 3706
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
classificationCode: 5104
subject: Condensed matter physics
classificationCode: 370905
subject: Quaternary environments

description: The Mülheim–Kärlich clay pit (Kärlich hereinafter) is located along the Middle Rhine Valley (MRV), about 10 km north-westward of the city of Koblenz (Fig. 1a). Owing to its > 30 m thick Quaternary sequence (Fig. 1b), it perhaps represents the most significant sedimentary profile along this entire valley reach. The sequence provides key information on long-term landscape evolution in the MRV, including successive fluvial aggradation phases related to the so-called main terraces of the Rhine and the Moselle (e.g. Boenigk and Frechen, 2006, 1998), and is also relevant for its archaeological and palaeoenvironmental record (e.g. Gaudzinski et al., 1996). Despite this importance, the quality of chronological constraints on the whole Quaternary sequence is far from being uniform (Fig. 1b). dating of three tephra layers interspersed in loess and loess-like sediments yields ages ranging from ∼ 0.47 to ∼ 0.36 Ma (Van Den Bogaard et al., 1989; Gallant et al., 2014; Fig. 1b) for the upper part of the Middle Pleistocene sequence. Whilst intermediate units can be tentatively correlated to Marine Isotope Stages (MISs) 16–12 based on biostratigraphy and on the composition of volcanic mineral assemblages (Boenigk and Frechen, 1998), there is no numerical age control on the fluvial sequence at the base (Fig. 1b). It is merely constrained by questionable palaeomagnetic data suggesting a minimum age of 0.77 Ma (all geomagnetic boundaries are from Channell et al., 2020), corresponding to the Brunhes–Matuyama boundary (e.g. Boenigk and Frechen, 1998). Altogether, the lack of a reliable chronological framework for the fluvial units is highly problematic since Rhine deposits at Kärlich were often used as a reference site for a key terrace level in the Quaternary evolution of the river, the so-called main terraces (Boenigk and Frechen, 2006). This study thus aims to fill this gap by applying electron spin resonance (ESR) dating of quartz grains from two sediment samples of the Rhine's main terrace. This new age control further refines the whole Kärlich chronostratigraphy and numerically constrains, for the first time, the aggradation time of key terrace deposits along the MRV.
Impact of prior visceral leishmaniasis on subsequent malaria infection in mice
Creators: name: Kaye, Paul
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences

description: Polyparasitism is commonplace in countries where endemicity for multiple parasites exists, and studies in animal models of coinfection have made significant inroads into understanding the impact of often competing demands on the immune system. However, few studies have addressed how previous exposure to and treatment for one infection impacts a subsequent heterologous infection. We have addressed this question using a mouse model of drug-treated L. donovani infection followed by experimental P. chabaudi malaria, focusing on hematological dysfunction as a common attribute of both infections. We demonstrate that the profound thrombocytopenia and anemia that accompanies primary L. donovani infection is rapidly reversed following single dose AmBisome® treatment, along with multiple other markers associated with immune activation (including restoration of tissue microarchitecture and reduced iNOS expression). Compared to naive mice, mice cured of previous VL showed comparable albeit delayed clinical responses (including peak parasitemia and anemia) to P. chabaudi infection. Thrombocytopenia was also evident in these sequentially infected mice, consistent with a decrease in circulating levels of thrombopoietin. Architectural changes to the spleen were also comparable in sequentially infected mice compared to those with malaria alone. Our data suggest that in this sequential infection model, previous VL has limited impact on the subsequent development of malaria.
Solving underdetermined systems with error-correcting codes
Creators: name: Hurley, Ted
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 94A99, 15B99

description: In an underdetermined system of equations $Ax=y$, where $A$ is an $m\times n$ matrix, only $u$ of the entries of $y$ with $u < m$ are known. Thus $E_jw$, called `measurements', are known for certain $j\in J \subset \{0,1,\ldots,m-1\}$ where $\{E_i, i=0,1,\ldots, m-1\}$ are the rows of $A$ and $|J|=u$. It is required, if possible, to solve the system uniquely when $x$ has at most $t$ non-zero entries with $u\geq 2t$. Here such systems are considered from an error-correcting coding point of view. The unknown $x$ can be shown to be the error vector of a code subject to certain conditions on the rows of the matrix $A$. This reduces the problem to finding a suitable decoding algorithm which then finds $x$. Decoding workable algorithms are shown to exist, from which the unknown $x$ may be determined, in cases where the known $2t$ values are evenly spaced (that is, when the elements of $J$ are in arithmetic progression) for classes of matrices satisfying certain row properties. These cases include Fourier $n\times n $ matrices where the arithmetic difference $k$ satisfies $\gcd(n,k)=1$, and classes of Vandermonde matrices $V(x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n)$ (with $x_i\neq 0$) with arithmetic difference $k$ where the ratios $x_i/x_j$ for $i\neq j$ are not $k^{th}$ roots of unity. The decoding algorithm has complexity $O(nt)$ and in some cases, including the Fourier matrix cases, the complexity is $O(t^2)$. Matrices which have the property that the determinant of any square submatrix is non-zero are of particular interest. Randomly choosing rows of such matrices can then give $t$ error-correcting pairs to generate a `measuring' code $C^\perp=\{E_j | j\in J\}$ with a decoding algorithm which finds $x$. This has applications to signal processing and compressed sensing.
Brane solutions sourced by a scalar with vanishing potential and classification of scalar branes
Creators: name: Cadoni, M.
name: Franzin, E.
name: Serra, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive exact brane solutions of minimally coupled Einstein-Maxwell-scalar gravity in d+2 dimensions with a vanishing scalar potential. The solutions are conformal to the Lifshitz spacetime and have several properties, which make them interesting for holographic applications. In particular, the dual QFT is characterized by hyperscaling violation. We show that our solutions, together with the AdS brane and the domain wall sourced by an exponential potential, give the complete list of scalar branes sourced by a generic potential having simple (scale-covariant) scaling symmetries. This allows us to give a complete classification of both simple and interpolating brane solution of minimally coupled Einstein-Maxwell-scalar gravity, which may be very useful for holographic applications.
description: 12 pages, no figures
BENEFITS OF REDUCED PREMATURE MORTALITY FROM DECREASES IN PM2.5 AND OZONE IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 1999 TO 2015
Creators: name: Nawaz, Muhammad
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Concentrations of PM2.5 and O3 have reduced dramatically in the United States (US) over recent decades from improved regulations and reduced emissions. Here annual mortality burdens and trends associated with PM2.5 and O3 in the US were assessed, comparing results for two datasets: a model simulation (NACR, 2009-2015) and a satellite-derived dataset (SAT, 1999-2011).
      During their respective time periods, annual PM2.5-related deaths reduced by 45,700 [29200, 58000] and 33,800 [22200, 37100]  for SAT and NACR respectively, corresponding to 4.9% and 7.9% decreases per year. For O3 from NACR, annual deaths reduced by 500 [600, 2700], or 0.6% per year. Reduced concentrations of PM2.5 and O3, as opposed to changes in population and mortality rates, were the major cause of these reductions, preventing 29,400 (2011, SAT PM2.5), 32,500 (2015, NACR PM2.5) and 2,100 (2015, NACR O3) deaths relative to the case where concentration remained unchanged from the first year.
Nice white teacher: the role of racial representations in popular culture and teacher education
Creators: name: Todd, Anna Lea
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: This paper outlines a project designed to investigate concepts of race, representation and pedagogy through the use of the school film Freedom Writers. During this project, my intention is to set up the concept of representation and race by having preservice teachers analyze selected readings by Stuart Hall (1980) and Henry Giroux (1997), view films such as Dangerous Minds and Freedom Writers, and then review and analyze the users' comments on Internet Movie Database. The analysis of the comments are completed using Hall's (1980) theory of reading, which attributes three kinds of readings: preferred,negotiated, and oppositional readings. My goal with this project is to engage preservice teachers in critical discussions of race and representation within the classroom. Ultimately, I hope to encourage preservice teachers to think critically about popular culture messages and representations and how these messages affect their role in the classroom.