cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of NAPDH Oxidase 2 (NOX2) Prevents Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Abnormalities Caused by Saturated Fat in Cardiomyocytes
Creators: name: Joseph, Leroy C.
name: Barca, Emanuele
name: Subramanyam, Prakash
name: Komrowski, Michael
name: Pajvani, Utpal B.
name: Colecraft, Henry M.
name: Hirano, Michio
name: Morrow, John
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Heart cells
Heart failure
Obesity--Health aspects
Oxidative stress
Molecular biology
Medical sciences
Medicine

description: Obesity and high saturated fat intake increase the risk of heart failure and arrhythmias. The molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. We hypothesized that physiologic levels of saturated fat could increase mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiomyocytes, leading to abnormalities of calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial function. We investigated the effect of saturated fat on mitochondrial function and calcium homeostasis in isolated ventricular myocytes. The saturated fatty acid palmitate causes a decrease in mitochondrial respiration in cardiomyocytes. Palmitate, but not the monounsaturated fatty acid oleate, causes an increase in both total cellular ROS and mitochondrial ROS. Palmitate depolarizes the mitochondrial inner membrane and causes mitochondrial calcium overload by increasing sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium leak. Inhibitors of PKC or NOX2 prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and the increase in ROS, demonstrating that PKC-NOX2 activation is also required for amplification of palmitate induced-ROS. Cardiomyocytes from mice with genetic deletion of NOX2 do not have palmitate-induced ROS or mitochondrial dysfunction. We conclude that palmitate induces mitochondrial ROS that is amplified by NOX2, causing greater mitochondrial ROS generation and partial depolarization of the mitochondrial inner membrane. The abnormal sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium leak caused by palmitate could promote arrhythmia and heart failure. NOX2 inhibition is a potential therapy for heart disease caused by diabetes or obesity.
Awareness of Internet Usage by the Rural Area Engineering College Students: A Special Reference to JP College of Engineering
Creators: name: Thangiah, Raja
name: J, Arumugam
name: A, Lawrence Mary
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 461005
subject: Informetrics

description: This study emphasizes the need of awareness about the internet to the user's community especially for the rural people. The impact created by the recent advancements in this digital environment is discussed clearly in this article.
Neurokernel: An Open Source Platform for Emulating the Fruit Fly Brain
Creators: name: Givon, Lev E.
name: Lazar, Aurel A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Graphics processing units
subject: Brain--Models
subject: Drosophila melanogaster--Physiology
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Electrical engineering

description: We have developed an open software platform called Neurokernel for collaborative development of comprehensive models of the brain of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and their execution and testing on multiple Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). Neurokernel provides a programming model that capitalizes upon the structural organization of the fly brain into a fixed number of functional modules to distinguish between these modules’ local information processing capabilities and the connectivity patterns that link them. By defining mandatory communication interfaces that specify how data is transmitted between models of each of these modules regardless of their internal design, Neurokernel explicitly enables multiple researchers to collaboratively model the fruit fly’s entire brain by integration of their independently developed models of its constituent processing units. We demonstrate the power of Neurokernel’s model integration by combining independently developed models of the retina and lamina neuropils in the fly’s visual system and by demonstrating their neuroinformation processing capability. We also illustrate Neurokernel’s ability to take advantage of direct GPU-to-GPU data transfers with benchmarks that demonstrate scaling of Neurokernel’s communication performance both over the number of interface ports exposed by an emulation’s constituent modules and the total number of modules comprised by an emulation.
Additional file 3 of Diabetes and Covid-19 among hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia: a single-centre retrospective study
Creators: name: Alguwaihes, Abdullah M.
name: Al-Sofiani, Mohammed E.
name: Maram Megdad
name: Sakhar S. Albader
name: Alsari, Mohammad H.
name: Alelayan, Ali
name: Alzahrani, Saad H.
name: Sabico, Shaun
name: Al-Daghri, Nasser M.
name: Jammah, Anwar A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Table S3. Factors for outcomes of interest using the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model.
Seasonality in future tropical lower stratospheric temperature trends
Creators: name: Wang, Lei
name: Waugh, Darryn W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric temperature
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Greenhouse gases--Environmental aspects
subject: Climatic changes
subject: Atmosphere

description: The seasonality of the 21st century trends in tropical lower stratospheric temperature (LST) is examined in simulations by a group of comprehensive chemistry-climate models. In contrast to the past LST trends, there is robust seasonal dependence among ensembles of the same model. Furthermore, most models show strongest cooling around July–September and minimal cooling in February–March, which results in a weakening of the seasonality in tropical LST. Sensitivity simulations with isolated forcing reveal that greenhouse gas increases dominate the future tropical LST trend. This seasonally varying LST trend is linked to changes in the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC). The BDC can influence the LST through direct dynamical heating/cooling and indirect radiative effects primarily from ozone changes due to vertical transport. The latter is found to be the main cause for the seasonality of the 21st century LST trend, while it is difficult to separate them in the past.
Additional file 3 of Models of care for frail older persons who present to the emergency department: a scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Huang, Ya-Ling
name: McGonagle, Megan
name: Shaw, Rebecca
name: Eastham, Julie
name: Nemat Alsaba
name: Crilly, Julia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 3. Proposed Data Extraction Form.
Diffusive evolution of experimental braided rivers
Creators: name: Reitz, Meredith D.
name: Jerolmack, Douglas J.
name: Lajeunesse, Eric
name: Limare, Angela
name: Devauchelle, Olivier
name: Métivier, François
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Fluvial geomorphology
River channels
Hydrology
Geomorphology

description: Water flowing over a loose granular bed organizes into a braided river, a network of ephemeral and interacting channels. The temporal and spatial evolution of this network of braided channels is not yet quantitatively understood. In ∼1 m-scale experiments, we found that individual channels exhibit a self-similar geometry and near-threshold transport conditions. Measurements of the rate of growth of topographic correlation length scales, the time scale of system-slope establishment, and the random spatial decorrelation of channel locations indicate together that the evolution of the braided river system may be diffusive in nature. This diffusion is due to the separation of scales between channel formation and network evolution, and the random motion of interacting channels when viewed at a coarse-grained scale.
Additional file 2 of Models of care for frail older persons who present to the emergency department: a scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Huang, Ya-Ling
name: McGonagle, Megan
name: Shaw, Rebecca
name: Eastham, Julie
name: Nemat Alsaba
name: Crilly, Julia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 2. A Draft Strategy for CINAHL via EBSCOhost and Ovid MEDLINE.
Treating Time Travel Quantum Mechanically
Creators: name: Allen, John-Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fact that closed timelike curves (CTCs) are permitted by general relativity raises the question as to how quantum systems behave when time travel to the past occurs. Research into answering this question by utilising the quantum circuit formalism has given rise to two theories: Deutschian-CTCs (D-CTCs) and "postselected" CTCs (P-CTCs). In this paper the quantum circuit approach is thoroughly reviewed, and the strengths and shortcomings of D-CTCs and P-CTCs are presented in view of their non-linearity and time travel paradoxes. In particular, the "equivalent circuit model"---which aims to make equivalent predictions to D-CTCs, while avoiding some of the difficulties of the original theory---is shown to contain errors. The discussion of D-CTCs and P-CTCs is used to motivate an analysis of the features one might require of a theory of quantum time travel, following which two overlapping classes of new theories are identified. One such theory, the theory of "transition probability" CTCs (T-CTCs), is fully developed. The theory of T-CTCs is shown not to have certain undesirable features---such as time travel paradoxes, the ability to distinguish non-orthogonal states with certainty, and the ability to clone or delete arbitrary pure states---that are present with D-CTCs and P-CTCs. The problems with non-linear extensions to quantum mechanics are discussed in relation to the interpretation of these theories, and the physical motivations of all three theories are discussed and compared.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures. Edited in response to peer review
On the Thermal Stability of Radiation Dominated Accretion Disks
Creators: name: Jiang, Yan-Fei
name: Stone, James
name: Davis, Shane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the long-term thermal stability of radiation dominated disks in which the vertical structure is determined self-consistently by the balance of heating due to dissipation of MHD turbulence driven by the magneto-rotational instability (MRI), and cooling due to radiation emitted at the photosphere. The calculations adopt the local shearing box approximation, and utilize the recently developed radiation transfer module in the Athena MHD code based on a variable Eddington tensor rather than an assumed local closure. After saturation of the MRI, in many cases the disk maintains a steady vertical structure for many thermal times. However, in every case in which the box size in the horizontal directions is at least one pressure scale height, fluctuations associated with MRI turbulence and dynamo action in the disk eventually trigger a thermal runaway which causes the disk to either expand or contract until the calculation must be terminated. During runaway, the dependence of the heating and cooling rates on total pressure satisfy the simplest criterion for classical thermal instability. We identify several physical reasons why the thermal runaway observed in our simulations differ from the standard alpha disk model, for example the advection of radiation contributes a non-negligible fraction to the vertical energy flux at the largest radiation pressure, most of the dissipation does not happen in the disk mid-plane, and the change of dissipation scale height with mid-plane pressure is slower than the change of density scale height. We discuss how and why our results differ from those published previously. Such thermal runaway behavior might have important implications for interpreting temporal variability in observed systems, but fully global simulations are required to study the saturated state before detailed predictions can be made.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, accepted by ApJ
Application and assessment of a membrane-based pCO₂ sensor
under field and laboratory conditions
Creators: name: Jiang, Zong-Pei
name: Hydes, David J.
name: Hartman, Sue E.
name: Hartman, Mark C.
name: Campbell, Jon M.
name: Johnson, Bruce D.
name: Schofield, Bryan
name: Turk, Daniela
name: Wallace, Douglas
name: Burt, William J.
name: Thomas, Helmuth
name: Cosca, Cathy
name: Feely, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Chemical oceanography
Carbon dioxide
Water chemistry
Biosensors
Hydrology

description: The principle, application, and assessment of the membrane-based ProOceanus ₂-Pro sensor for partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂) are presented. The performance of the sensor is evaluated extensively under field and laboratory conditions by comparing the sensor outputs with direct measurements from calibrated pCO₂ measuring systems and the thermodynamic carbonate calculation of pCO₂ from discrete samples. Under stable laboratory condition, the sensor agreed with a calibrated water-air equilibrator system at −3.0 ± 4.4 µatm during a 2-month intercomparison experiment. When applied in field deployments, the larger differences between measurements and the calculated pCO₂ references (6.4 ± 12.3 µatm on a ship of opportunity and 8.7 ± 14.1 µatm on a mooring) are related not only to sensor error, but also to the uncertainties of the references and the comparison process, as well as changes in the working environments of the sensor. When corrected against references, the overall uncertainties of the sensor results are largely determined by those of the pCO₂ references (± 2 and ± 8 µatm for direct measurements and calculated pCO₂, respectively). Our study suggests accuracy of the sensor can be affected by temperature fluctuations of the detector optical cell and calibration error. These problems have been addressed in more recent models of the instrument through improving detector temperature control and through using more accurate standard gases. Another interesting result in our laboratory test is the unexpected change in alkalinity which results in significant underestimation in the pCO₂ calculation as compared to the direct measurement (up to 90 µatm).
title: Mancipium Ex Mahometano Marianum; 1748
title: Drama, Cum ... Dominus Carolus Aloysius ... Comes de Königsegg, & Rottenfels, ... Secundum Praefectus Majoris Congregationis Academicae B. V. Mariae Ab Angelo Salutatae Promulgaretur Dilingae Mense Decembri 1748
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Kayser, Isfrid
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2011

description: Programm
Ailurus fulgens F. Cuvier 1825
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Procyonidae
Ailurus
Ailurus fulgens

description: Ailurus fulgens F. Cuvier, 1825. Hist. Nat. Mamm., 5(50):3. TYPE LOCALITY: India, S. E. Himalayas. DISTRIBUTION: Yunnan and Szechwan (China); N. Burma; Sikkim; Nepal. COMMENT: Although this species is usually included in the Procyonidae because of its ringed tail, facial markings, and superficial resemblance of teeth and skull to Procyon, this species has no shared derived morphological characters that would place it here (SK). Thenius, 1979, Z. Saugetierk., 44:386-305, and Gromov and Baranova, 1981:255, placed it in the monotypic subfamily Ailurinae. PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II. ISIS NUMBER: 5301412003001001001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
description: {"references": ["Thenius, E. 1979. Zur systematischen und phylogenetischen Stellung des Bambusbaren: Ailuropoda melanoleuca David (Carnivora, Mammalia). Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 44 (5): 286 - 305.", "Gromov, I. M., and G. I. Baranova (eds.). 1981. Katalog mlekopitayushchikh SSSR [Catalog of mammals of the USSR]. Nauka, Leningrad, 456 pp. (in Russian)."]}
A Simple Test of Class-Level Genetic Association Can Reveal Novel Cardiometabolic Trait Loci
Creators: name: Qian, Jing
name: Nunez, Sara
name: Reed, Eric
name: Reilly, Muredach Patrick
name: Foulkes, Andrea S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Eigenvalues
subject: Genomics
subject: Medical genetics
subject: Meta-analysis
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biometry
subject: Microbiology

description: Background
Characterizing the genetic determinants of complex diseases can be further augmented by incorporating knowledge of underlying structure or classifications of the genome, such as newly developed mappings of protein-coding genes, epigenetic marks, enhancer elements and non-coding RNAs.

Methods
We apply a simple class-level testing framework, termed Genetic Class Association Testing (GenCAT), to identify protein-coding gene association with 14 cardiometabolic (CMD) related traits across 6 publicly available genome wide association (GWA) meta-analysis data resources. GenCAT uses SNP-level meta-analysis test statistics across all SNPs within a class of elements, as well as the size of the class and its unique correlation structure, to determine if the class is statistically meaningful. The novelty of findings is evaluated through investigation of regional signals. A subset of findings are validated using recently updated, larger meta-analysis resources. A simulation study is presented to characterize overall performance with respect to power, control of family-wise error and computational efficiency. All analysis is performed using the GenCAT package, R version 3.2.1.

Results
We demonstrate that class-level testing complements the common first stage minP approach that involves individual SNP-level testing followed by post-hoc ascribing of statistically significant SNPs to genes and loci. GenCAT suggests 54 protein-coding genes at 41 distinct loci for the 13 CMD traits investigated in the discovery analysis, that are beyond the discoveries of minP alone. An additional application to biological pathways demonstrates flexibility in defining genetic classes.

Conclusions
We conclude that it would be prudent to include class-level testing as standard practice in GWA analysis. GenCAT, for example, can be used as a simple, complementary and efficient strategy for class-level testing that leverages existing data resources, requires only summary level data in the form of test statistics, and adds significant value with respect to its potential for identifying multiple novel and clinically relevant trait associations.
title: DEVORA novel monitoring techniques workshop, 25 October 2018
Creators: name: Deligne, Natalie I.
name: Leonard, Graham  S.
name: Jolly, Arthur D.
name: Christenson, Bruce W.
name: Hamling, Ian J.
name: Hreinsdottir, Sigrun
name: Mazot, Agnes
name: Miller, Craig A.
name: Roberts, R.
name: van Wijk, K.
Publisher: name: Gns Science
Year: 2019

description: Auckland, New Zealand, home to a third of New Zealanders, is built on top of the Auckland Volcanic Field (AVF): a mostly monogenetic field of 53 known volcanic vents. The personal, societal, and economic cost of a future AVF eruption are likely substantial, depending on location and crisis response and recovery actions. Estimates of the duration of detectable unrest in the leadup to an AVF eruption range from hours to weeks or longer. Volcano monitoring is globally the proven approach to detecting volcanic unrest, and as such AVF volcano monitoring is critical for detection as early as possible to implement crisis response plans. The Determining Volcanic Risk in Auckland (DEVORA) is a multi-agency, transdisciplinary collaborative research programme led by the University of Auckland and GNS Science and funded by the Earthquake Commission and Auckland Council. DEVORA facilitates and supports research towards a much-improved assessment of volcanic hazard and risk in the Auckland metropolitan area, and supports the strategy and rationale for appropriate risk mitigation. Following a decade of focused research on the AVF, with concurrent development in national and international volcano monitoring capabilities, Auckland Council requested that DEVORA organize a workshop to identify and explore novel monitoring techniques, some of which might, through further research, development, and validation, lead to earlier detection of AVF unrest and decreased uncertainty in confirming unrest and likely future activity. Novel in this context means techniques that are not presently established as operational for AVF monitoring. Auckland Council instructed that cost considerations be disregarded, as the participants were not in a position to undertaker cost-benefit analysis for Auckland. The purpose here was to explore the potential benefit cases for novel techniques. The DEVORA novel monitoring techniques workshop was held on 25 October 2018 as part of the annual DEVORA forum; this report summarises workshop findings. The body of the report is technical, containing specifics relevant to the science community who are encouraged to explore promising techniques. We stress that this is a research opportunities scoping workshop report – suggested network configurations are based on expert judgement during the workshop, and not on detailed network design studies. This report is not an endorsement of any particular approach explored in the workshop, for that further research and testing is required to demonstrate the approach is viable. Additionally, while this report is focused on Auckland, the majority of monitoring approaches summarised here are transferable to other volcanoes. The next steps will be to rate the techniques explored here to guide research priorities for further investigation. (auth)
Quantitative Modeling of Microbial Population Responses to Chronic Irradiation Combined with Other Stressors
Creators: name: Shuryak, Igor
name: Dadachova, Ekaterina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Radiation dosimetry
subject: Microbial populations--Mathematical models
subject: Irradiation
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Toxicology

description: Microbial population responses to combined effects of chronic irradiation and other stressors (chemical contaminants, other sub-optimal conditions) are important for ecosystem functioning and bioremediation in radionuclide-contaminated areas. Quantitative mathematical modeling can improve our understanding of these phenomena. To identify general patterns of microbial responses to multiple stressors in radioactive environments, we analyzed three data sets on: (1) bacteria isolated from soil contaminated by nuclear waste at the Hanford site (USA); (2) fungi isolated from the Chernobyl nuclear-power plant (Ukraine) buildings after the accident; (3) yeast subjected to continuous γ-irradiation in the laboratory, where radiation dose rate and cell removal rate were independently varied. We applied generalized linear mixed-effects models to describe the first two data sets, whereas the third data set was amenable to mechanistic modeling using differential equations. Machine learning and information-theoretic approaches were used to select the best-supported formalism(s) among biologically-plausible alternatives. Our analysis suggests the following: (1) Both radionuclides and co-occurring chemical contaminants (e.g. NO2) are important for explaining microbial responses to radioactive contamination. (2) Radionuclides may produce non-monotonic dose responses: stimulation of microbial growth at low concentrations vs. inhibition at higher ones. (3) The extinction-defining critical radiation dose rate is dramatically lowered by additional stressors. (4) Reproduction suppression by radiation can be more important for determining the critical dose rate, than radiation-induced cell mortality. In conclusion, the modeling approaches used here on three diverse data sets provide insight into explaining and predicting multi-stressor effects on microbial communities: (1) the most severe effects (e.g. extinction) on microbial populations may occur when unfavorable environmental conditions (e.g. fluctuations of temperature and/or nutrient levels) coincide with radioactive contamination; (2) an organism’s radioresistance and bioremediation efficiency in rich laboratory media may be insufficient to carry out radionuclide bioremediation in the field—robustness against multiple stressors is needed.
Frequent Users of Hospital Emergency Departments in Korea Characterized by Claims Data from the National Health Insurance: A Cross Sectional Study
Creators: name: Woo, Jung Hoon
name: Grinspan, Zachary
name: Shapiro, Jason
name: Rhee, Sang Youl
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Multivariate analysis--Data processing
Hospitals--Emergency services--Utilization
Emergency medical services--Evaluation
Medicine
Public policy (Law)
Health services administration
Medical care

description: The Korean National Health Insurance, which provides universal coverage for the entire Korean population, is now facing financial instability. Frequent emergency department (ED) users may represent a medically vulnerable population who could benefit from interventions that both improve care and lower costs. To understand the nature of frequent ED users in Korea, we analyzed claims data from a population-based national representative sample. We performed both bivariate and multivariable analyses to investigate the association between patient characteristics and frequent ED use (4+ ED visits in a year) using claims data of a 1% random sample of the Korean population, collected in 2009. Among 156,246 total ED users, 4,835 (3.1%) were frequent ED users. These patients accounted for 14% of 209,326 total ED visits and 17.2% of $76,253,784 total medical expenses generated from all ED visits in the 1% data sample. Frequent ED users tended to be older, male, and of lower socio-economic status compared with occasional ED users (p < 0.001 for each). Moreover, frequent ED users had longer stays in the hospital when admitted, higher probability of undergoing an operative procedure, and increased mortality. Among 8,425 primary diagnoses, alcohol-related complaints and schizophrenia showed the strongest positive correlation with the number of ED visits. Among the frequent ED users, mortality and annual outpatient department visits were significantly lower in the alcohol-related patient subgroup compared with other frequent ED users; furthermore, the rate was even lower than that for non-frequent ED users. Our findings suggest that expanding mental health and alcohol treatment programs may be a reasonable strategy to decrease the dependence of these patients on the ED.
Convergence rates of eigenvector empirical spectral distribution of large dimensional sample covariance matrix
Creators: name: Xia, Ningning
name: Qin, Yingli
name: Bai, Zhidong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The eigenvector Empirical Spectral Distribution (VESD) is adopted to investigate the limiting behavior of eigenvectors and eigenvalues of covariance matrices. In this paper, we shall show that the Kolmogorov distance between the expected VESD of sample covariance matrix and the Marčenko-Pastur distribution function is of order $O(N^{-1/2})$. Given that data dimension $n$ to sample size $N$ ratio is bounded between 0 and 1, this convergence rate is established under finite 10th moment condition of the underlying distribution. It is also shown that, for any fixed $η>0$, the convergence rates of VESD are $O(N^{-1/4})$ in probability and $O(N^{-1/4+η})$ almost surely, requiring finite 8th moment of the underlying distribution.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AOS1154 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Prior Design for Dependent Dirichlet Processes: An Application to Marathon Modeling
Creators: name: Pradier, Melanie F.
name: Ruiz, Francisco Jesus Rodriguez
name: Perez-Cruz, Fernando
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Marathon running
subject: Running races--Data processing
subject: Nonparametric statistics
subject: Stochastic processes
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Information science

description: This paper presents a novel application of Bayesian nonparametrics (BNP) for marathon data modeling. We make use of two well-known BNP priors, the single-p dependent Dirichlet process and the hierarchical Dirichlet process, in order to address two different problems. First, we study the impact of age, gender and environment on the runners’ performance. We derive a fair grading method that allows direct comparison of runners regardless of their age and gender. Unlike current grading systems, our approach is based not only on top world records, but on the performances of all runners. The presented methodology for comparison of densities can be adopted in many other applications straightforwardly, providing an interesting perspective to build dependent Dirichlet processes. Second, we analyze the running patterns of the marathoners in time, obtaining information that can be valuable for training purposes. We also show that these running patterns can be used to predict finishing time given intermediate interval measurements. We apply our models to New York City, Boston and London marathons.
Additional file 1 of Does social support moderate the association between hunger and mental health in youth? A gender-specific investigation from the Canadian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study
Creators: name: Hammami, Nour
name: Leatherdale, Scott T.
name: Elgar, Frank J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. Results of the ordinal regression models that regressed mental health (low versus medium/high) on hunger, social support factors and control variables, among youth in Canada in gender-specific analyses. The point estimates are adjusted odds ratios and the intervals show 95% confidence intervals
Hydrodynamic limit for interacting neurons
Creators: name: De Masi, Anna
name: Galves, Antonio
name: Löcherbach, Eva
name: Presutti, Errico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F17, 60K35, 60J25

description: This paper studies the hydrodynamic limit of a stochastic process describing the time evolution of a system with N neurons with mean-field interactions produced both by chemical and by electrical synapses. This system can be informally described as follows. Each neuron spikes randomly following a point process with rate depending on its membrane potential. At its spiking time, the membrane potential of the spiking neuron is reset to the value 0 and, simultaneously, the membrane potentials of the other neurons are increased by an amount of potential 1/N . This mimics the effect of chemical synapses. Additionally, the effect of electrical synapses is represented by a deterministic drift of all the membrane potentials towards the average value of the system. We show that, as the system size N diverges, the distribution of membrane potentials becomes deterministic and is described by a limit density which obeys a non linear PDE which is a conservation law of hyperbolic type.
Projected Impact of Salt Restriction on Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in China: A Modeling Study
Creators: name: Wang, Miao
name: Moran, Andrew
name: Liu, Jing
name: Coxson, Pamela G.
name: Penko, Joanne
name: Goldman, Lee
name: Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten
name: Zhao, Dong
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Salt-free diet
Cardiovascular system--Diseases--Prevention--Government policy
Cardiovascular system--Diseases--Prevention
Epidemiology
Public policy (Law)
Public health

description: Objectives
To estimate the effects of achieving China’s national goals for dietary salt (NaCl) reduction or implementing culturally-tailored dietary salt restriction strategies on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention.

Methods
The CVD Policy Model was used to project blood pressure lowering and subsequent downstream prevented CVD that could be achieved by population-wide salt restriction in China. Outcomes were annual CVD events prevented, relative reductions in rates of CVD incidence and mortality, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained, and CVD treatment costs saved.

Results
Reducing mean dietary salt intake to 9.0 g/day gradually over 10 years could prevent approximately 197 000 incident annual CVD events [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 173 000–219 000], reduce annual CVD mortality by approximately 2.5% (2.2–2.8%), gain 303 000 annual QALYs (278 000–329 000), and save approximately 1.4 billion international dollars (Int$) in annual CVD costs (Int$; 1.2–1.6 billion). Reducing mean salt intake to 6.0 g/day could approximately double these benefits. Implementing cooking salt-restriction spoons could prevent 183 000 fewer incident CVD cases (153 000–215 000) and avoid Int$1.4 billion in CVD treatment costs annually (1.2–1.7 billion). Implementing a cooking salt substitute strategy could lead to approximately three times the health benefits of the salt-restriction spoon program. More than three-quarters of benefits from any dietary salt reduction strategy would be realized in hypertensive adults.

Conclusion
China could derive substantial health gains from implementation of population-wide dietary salt reduction policies. Most health benefits from any dietary salt reduction program would be realized in adults with hypertension.
High Burden of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection among Young Women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Creators: name: Ebrahim, Sumayyah
name: Mndende, Xolani K.
name: Kharsany, Ayesha B. M.
name: Mbulawa, Zizipho Z. A.
name: Naranbhai, Vivek
name: Frohlich, Janet
name: Werner, Lise
name: Samsunder, Natasha
name: Karim, Quarraisha Abdool
name: Williamson, Anna-Lise
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Papillomavirus vaccines
Papillomaviruses
Epidemiology
Pathology
Public health

description: Objectives
HPV infection causes cervical cancer, yet information on prevalence and risk factors for HPV in Africa remain sparse. This study describes the prevalence of HPV genotypes and risk factors associated with HPV among young women ≤ 30 years of age in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa.

Methods
Cervicovaginal lavage samples were tested for HPV genotypes in 224 women enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Clinical, behavioural and demographic data were collected. We measured prevalence of HPV genotypes and using logistic regression, examined for factors associated with HPV.

Results
Median age of participants was 21 years [interquartile range (IQR):18–23]. The overall prevalence of HPV was 76.3% (171/224) with multiple and single genotypes prevalent in 56.3% and 20.1% of women respectively. Proportion of women with high-risk genotypes (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56 and 58) was 54.5%. Women not living with their partner [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)] = 3.42 95% CI1.22–9.60; p = 0.019), was significantly associated with HPV infection and high-risk HPV genotype infection.

Conclusion
The high burden of HPV and associated risk behaviours highlight the need to intensify behavioural interventions to prevent HPV acquisition in young women. The large scale delivery of HPV vaccine should be prioritised to prevent HPV acquisition and reduce HPV-related morbidity.
Additional file 1 of Quality control and evaluation of Inonotus obliquus using HPLC method with novel marker compounds
Creators: name: Kim, Jin Hyeok
name: Seol Kyu Park
name: Cho, Chong Woon
name: Le, Ba Vinh
name: Kim, Young Ho
name: Haiying Bao
name: Kim, Kyung Tae
name: Kang, Jong Seong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Additional file 1: Table S2. Sample information for analysis. Table S2. LOD and LOQ of marker compounds. Table S3. Intra-/inter-day precision and accuracy. Table S4. Recovery of marker compounds (n=3).
Extended calibration range for prompt photon emission in ion beam irradiation
Creators: name: Bellini, F.
name: Boehlen, T. T.
name: Chin, M. P. W.
name: Collamati, F.
name: De Lucia, E.
name: Faccini, R.
name: Ferrari, A.
name: Lanza, L.
name: Mancini-Terraciano, C.
name: Marafini, M.
name: Mattei, I.
name: Morganti, S.
name: Ortega, P. G.
name: Patera, V.
name: Piersanti, L.
name: Russomando, A.
name: Sala, P. R.
name: Sarti, A.
name: Sciubba, A.
name: Camillocci, E. Solfaroli
name: Voena, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monitoring the dose delivered during proton and carbon ion therapy is still a matter of research. Among the possible solutions, several exploit the measurement of the single photon emission from nuclear decays induced by the irradiation. To fully characterize such emission the detectors need development, since the energy spectrum spans the range above the MeV that is not traditionally used in medical applications. On the other hand, a deeper understanding of the reactions involving gamma production is needed in order to improve the physic models of Monte Carlo codes, relevant for an accurate prediction of the prompt-gamma energy spectrum.This paper describes a calibration technique tailored for the range of energy of interest and reanalyzes the data of the interaction of a 80MeV/u fully stripped carbon ion beam with a Poly-methyl methacrylate target. By adopting the FLUKA simulation with the appropriate calibration and resolution a significant improvement in the agreement between data and simulation is reported.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures, Submitted to JINST
Achieving Marton's Region for Broadcast Channels Using Polar Codes
Creators: name: Mondelli, Marco
name: Hassani, S. Hamed
name: Sason, Igal
name: Urbanke, Rüdiger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents polar coding schemes for the 2-user discrete memoryless broadcast channel (DM-BC) which achieve Marton's region with both common and private messages. This is the best achievable rate region known to date, and it is tight for all classes of 2-user DM-BCs whose capacity regions are known. To accomplish this task, we first construct polar codes for both the superposition as well as the binning strategy. By combining these two schemes, we obtain Marton's region with private messages only. Finally, we show how to handle the case of common information. The proposed coding schemes possess the usual advantages of polar codes, i.e., they have low encoding and decoding complexity and a super-polynomial decay rate of the error probability. We follow the lead of Goela, Abbe, and Gastpar, who recently introduced polar codes emulating the superposition and binning schemes. In order to align the polar indices, for both schemes, their solution involves some degradedness constraints that are assumed to hold between the auxiliary random variables and the channel outputs. To remove these constraints, we consider the transmission of $k$ blocks and employ a chaining construction that guarantees the proper alignment of the polarized indices. The techniques described in this work are quite general, and they can be adopted to many other multi-terminal scenarios whenever there polar indices need to be aligned.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures, accepted to IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory and presented in part at ISIT'14
The Biosurveillance Analytics Resource Directory (BARD): Facilitating the Use of Epidemiological Models for Infectious Disease Surveillance
Creators: name: Margevicius, Kristen J.
name: Generous, Nicholas
name: Abeyta, Esteban
name: Althouse, Ben
name: Burkom, Howard
name: Castro, Lauren
name: Daughton, Ashlynn
name: Del Valle, Sara Y.
name: Fairchild, Geoffrey
name: Hyman, James M.
name: Kiang, Richard
name: Morse, Andrew P.
name: Pancerella, Carmen M.
name: Pullum, Laura
name: Ramanathan, Arvind
name: Schlegelmilch, Jeffrey
name: Scott, Aaron
name: Taylor-McCabe, Kirsten J.
name: Vespignani, Alessandro
name: Deshpande, Alina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Communicable diseases--Control
Databases
Epidemiology--Mathematical models
Epidemiology
Information technology
Public health

description: Epidemiological modeling for infectious disease is important for disease management and its routine implementation needs to be facilitated through better description of models in an operational context. A standardized model characterization process that allows selection or making manual comparisons of available models and their results is currently lacking. A key need is a universal framework to facilitate model description and understanding of its features. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has developed a comprehensive framework that can be used to characterize an infectious disease model in an operational context. The framework was developed through a consensus among a panel of subject matter experts. In this paper, we describe the framework, its application to model characterization, and the development of the Biosurveillance Analytics Resource Directory (BARD; http://brd.bsvgateway.org/brd/), to facilitate the rapid selection of operational models for specific infectious/communicable diseases. We offer this framework and associated database to stakeholders of the infectious disease modeling field as a tool for standardizing model description and facilitating the use of epidemiological models.
Additional file 2 of Diabetes and Covid-19 among hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia: a single-centre retrospective study
Creators: name: Alguwaihes, Abdullah M.
name: Al-Sofiani, Mohammed E.
name: Maram Megdad
name: Sakhar S. Albader
name: Alsari, Mohammad H.
name: Alelayan, Ali
name: Alzahrani, Saad H.
name: Sabico, Shaun
name: Al-Daghri, Nasser M.
name: Jammah, Anwar A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Clinical characteristics of Covid-19 patients according to severity and outcome.
МЕТАБОЛИК СИНДРОМДА ОШҚОЗОН ВА ШИЛЛИҚ ҚАВАТИНИНГ ПАТОМОРФОЛОГИЯСИ
Creators: name: Муродов, Фаёзиддин
name: Маҳкамов, Носиржон
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Метаболик синдром – бу углевод, ёғ ва оқсил алмашинувининг бузилиши билан тавсифланадиган патологик ҳолат бўлиб, у ошқозон ва унинг шиллиқ қаватида турли морфологик ўзгаришларга олиб келади. Инсулинрезистентлик, гипергликемия ва яллиғланиш метаболик синдромнинг асосий патогенез механизми ҳисобланади. Бугунги кунда бу ҳолатнинг ошқозон шиллиқ қаватига таъсири кам ўрганилган.
Discovery of a Visual T-Dwarf Triple System and Binarity at the L/T Transition
Creators: name: Radigan, Jacqueline
name: Jayawardhana, Ray
name: Lafrenière, David
name: Dupuy, Trent J.
name: Liu, Michael C.
name: Scholz, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new high contrast imaging of 8 L/T transition brown dwarfs using the NIRC2 camera on the Keck II telescope. One of our targets, the T3.5 dwarf 2MASS J08381155 + 1511155, was resolved into a hierarchal triple with projected separations of 2.5+/-0.5 AU and 27+/-5 AU for the BC and A(BC) components respectively. Resolved OSIRIS spectroscopy of the A(BC) components confirm that all system members are T dwarfs. The system therefore constitutes the first triple T-dwarf system ever reported. Using resolved photometry to model the integrated-light spectrum, we infer spectral types of T3, T3, and T4.5 for the A, B, and C components respectively. The uniformly brighter primary has a bluer J-Ks color than the next faintest component, which may reflect a sensitive dependence of the L/T transition temperature on gravity, or alternatively divergent cloud properties amongst components. Relying on empirical trends and evolutionary models we infer a total system mass of 0.034-0.104 Msun for the BC components at ages of 0.3-3 Gyr, which would imply a period of 12-21 yr assuming the system semi-major axis to be similar to its projection. We also infer differences in effective temperatures and surface gravities between components of no more than ~150 K and ~0.1 dex. Given the similar physical properties of the components, the 2M0838+15 system provides a controlled sample for constraining the relative roles of effective temperature, surface gravity, and dust clouds in the poorly understood L/T transition regime. Combining our imaging survey results with previous work we find an observed binary fraction of 4/18 or 22_{-8}^{+10}% for unresolved spectral types of L9-T4 at separations >~0.1 arcsec. This translates into a volume-corrected frequency of 13^{-6}_{+7}%, which is similar to values of ~9-12% reported outside the transition. (ABRIDGED)
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. 23 pages, 12 figures