cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Performance of high-resolution impact and vibration sources for underground seismic exploration of clay formations at the scale of a rock laboratory
Creators: name: Wawerzinek, Britta
name: Lüth, Stefan
name: Esefelder, Roman
name: Giese, Rüdiger
name: Krawczyk, Charlotte M.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 550 Geowissenschaften
subject: time-series analysis
subject: controlled source seismology
subject: seismic anisotropy
subject: seismic attenuation
subject: seismic instruments
subject: wave propagation

description: Low permeability, high retention capacity and self-sealing ability are advantageous characteristics that are attributed to argillaceous rocks. In contrast, other properties of clay, such as internal heterogeneities, strong attenuation and anisotropic behaviour, pose major challenges for underground exploration techniques. Although with regard to the underground storage of nuclear waste, the seismic exploration in the underground itself is of great importance to fill the gap between surface and borehole investigations. Furthermore, to prevent destruction of the host rock during exploration this demands low to non-invasive techniques. To approach these issues, a seismic survey was carried out in the Mont Terri Underground Rock Laboratory (Switzerland) using a gallery-based acquisition with an operating range up to several decametres. The seismic campaign included three-component borehole sensors and two different seismic source types (pneumatic impact and magnetostrictive vibroseis source). An executed source comparison analysed the characteristics of the different source types, for example frequency or amplitude behaviour of the generated wavefield, to assess their performance under similar conditions at the meso scale and to reveal their strengths and weaknesses in clay. Based on these findings, we performed traveltime and reflection analyses that demonstrate their potential to characterize clay formations and to map internal structures. The highest seismic velocities are found in the carbonate-rich sandy facies (vPmax = 4000 m s−1, vSmax = 2050 m s−1), slower velocities are found in the sandy facies (vPmax = 3720 m s−1, vSmax = 1840 m s−1) and the slowest velocities are found in the shaly facies (vPmax = 3220 m s−1, vSmax = 1480 m s−1). The seismic velocity anisotropy is larger within the shaly facies (AvP = 23 per cent, AvS = 32 per cent) compared to the sandy facies (AvP = 9 per cent, AvS = 12 per cent) and it is more pronounced for S-waves than P-waves. Thus, non-invasive meso-scale seismic techniques are suited to characterize the Opalinus Clay in great detail.
Interplay between Brownian and hydrodynamic tracer diffusion in suspensions of swimming microorganisms
Creators: name: Nordanger, Henrik
name: Morozov, Alexander
name: Stenhammar, Joakim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The general problem of tracer diffusion in non-equilibrium baths is important in a wide range of systems, from the cellular level to geographical lengthscales. In this paper, we revisit the archetypical example of such a system: a collection of small passive particles immersed in a dilute suspension of non-interacting dipolar microswimmers, representing bacteria or algae. In particular, we consider the interplay between thermal (Brownian) diffusion and hydrodynamic (active) diffusion due to the persistent advection of tracers by microswimmer flow fields. Previously, it has been argued that even a moderate amount of Brownian diffusion is sufficient to significantly reduce the persistence time of tracer advection, leading to a significantly reduced value of the effective active diffusion coefficient $D_A$ compared to the non-Brownian case. Here, we show by large-scale simulations and kinetic theory that this effect is in fact only practically relevant for microswimmers that effectively remain stationary while still stirring up the surrounding fluid, so-called \emph{shakers}. In contrast, for moderate and high values of the swimming speed $v_s$, relevant for biological microswimmer suspensions, the effect of Brownian motion on $D_A$ is negligible, leading to the effects of advection by microswimmers and Brownian motion being additive. This conclusion contrasts with previous results from the literature, and encourages a reinterpretation of recent experimental measurements of $D_A$ for tracer particles of varying size in bacterial suspensions.
description: Accepted in Journal of Fluid Mechanics
SIGGMA: A Survey of Ionized Gas in the Galaxy, Made with the Arecibo Telescope
Creators: name: Liu, B.
name: Mclntyre, T.
name: Terzian, Y.
name: Minchin, R.
name: Anderson, L.
name: Churchwell, E.
name: Lebron, M.
name: Roshi, D. Anish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Survey of Ionized Gas in the Galaxy, made with the Arecibo telescope (SIGGMA) uses the Arecibo L-band Feed Array (ALFA) to fully sample the Galactic plane (30 < l < 75 and -2 < b < 2; 175 < l < 207 and -2 < b < 1) observable with the telescope in radio recombination lines (RRLs). Processed data sets are being produced in the form of data cubes of 2 degree (along l) x 4 degree (along b) x 151 (number of channels), archived and made public. The 151 channels cover a velocity range of 600 km/s and the velocity resolution of the survey changes from 4.2 km/s to 5.1 km/s from the lowest frequency channel to the highest frequency channel, respectively.RRL maps with 3.4 arcmin resolution and line flux density sensitivity of 0.5 mJy will enable us to identify new HII regions, measure their electron temperatures, study the physics of photodissociation regions (PDRs) with carbon RRLs, and investigate the origin of the extended low density medium (ELDM). Twelve Hnα lines fall within the 300 MHz bandpass of ALFA; they are resampled to a common velocity resolution to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SN) by a factor of 3 or more and preserve the line width. SIGGMA will produce the most sensitive fully sampled RRL survey to date. Here we discuss the observing and data reduction techniques in detail. A test observation toward the HII region complex S255/S257 has detected Hnα and Cnα lines with SN>10.
Deriving ionospheric total electron content by VLBI global observing system data analysis during the CONT17 campaign
Creators: name: Motlaghzadeh, Sanam
name: Alizadeh, M. Mahdi
name: Cappallo, Roger
name: Heinkelmann, Robert
name: Schuh, Harald
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: ionosphere
subject: VLBI
subject: VGOS
subject: GIM
subject: VTEC
subject: CONT17

description: This article focuses on the new generation of geodetic very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), the VLBI global observing system (VGOS), and measurements carried out during the CONT17 campaign. It uses broadband technology that increases both the number and precision of observations. These characteristics make VGOS a suitable tool for studying the atmosphere. This study focuses on the effects of the ionosphere on VGOS signals using a model that incorporates and extends ideas originally published in Hobiger et al. (2006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005RS003297). Our investigation revealed that the differential total electron content (dTEC) data product calculated with the VGOS post-processing software had a sign error that fortunately, does not change the final values of the phase and group delay. Therefore, this study was a way to identify this problem within the dTEC product. After diagnosing and solving this problem, the underlying model was modified such that instead of considering a single unknown for the latitude gradient of the ionosphere, a time series of latitude gradients were considered that enhanced the resulting vertical total electron content (VTEC) estimates. For evaluation purposes, time series of VTEC at each station during the CONT17 campaign were compared with VTEC obtained from the global navigation satellite system (GNSS). The final agreement between VGOS and GNSS was between 1.1 and 5.9 TEC units (TECU).
Digital Perspectives in History
Creators: name: Siebold, Anna
name: Valleriani, Matteo
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie
subject: computational history
subject: digital humanities
subject: digital database
subject: network analysis
subject: machine learning
subject: sustainable research data
subject: transparency
subject: digital hermeneutics

description: This article outlines the state of digital perspectives in historical research, some of the methods and tools in use by digital historians, and the possible or even necessary steps in the future development of the digital approach. We begin by describing three main computational approaches: digital databases and repositories, network analysis, and Machine Learning. We also address data models and ontologies in the larger context of the demand for sustainability and linked research data. The section is followed by a discussion of the (much needed) standards and policies concerning data quality and transparency. We conclude with a consideration of future scenarios and challenges for computational research.
Storing High-Dimensional Quantum States in a Cold Atomic Ensemble
Creators: name: Ding, Dong-Sheng
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Zhou, Zhi-Yuan
name: Pan, Jian-Song
name: Xiang, Guo-Yong
name: Shi, Bao-Sen
name: Guo, Guang-Can
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reversible transfer of the quantum information between a photon, an information carrier, and a quantum memory with high fidelity and reliability is the prerequisite for realizing a long-distance quantum communication and a quantum network. Encoding photons into higher-dimensional states could significantly increase their information-carrying capability and network capacity. Moreover, the large-alphabet quantum key distribution affords a more secure flux of information. Quantum memories have been realized in different physical systems, such as atomic ensembles and solid systems etc., but to date, all quantum memories only realize the storage and retrieval of the photons lived in a two-dimensional space spanned for example by orthogonal polarizations, therefore only a quantum bit could be stored there. Here, we report on the first experimental realization of a quantum memory storing a photon lived in a three-dimensional space spanned by orbital angular momentums via electromagnetically induced transparency in a cold atomic ensemble. We reconstruct the storage process density matrix with the fidelity of 85.3% by the aid of a 4-f imaging system experimentally. The ability to store a high-dimensional quantum state with high fidelity is very promising for building a high-dimensional quantum network.
description: Comments are welcome,13 pages, 4 figures
title: Теоретическое изучение проблемы формирования вербальной мотивации у детей младшего школьного возраста с тяжелым нарушением речи
Creators: name: Долгая, Д.
name: Ахрамович, М.
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2020

description: Вербальное общение выступает в качестве одного из основных условий развития ребенка, формирования его личности, ведущего вида человеческой деятельности, направленного на познание и оценку самого себя. Главным условием по развитию вербальной коммуникации у детей с тяжелым нарушением речи необходимо
признать мотивацию. И начальное языковое образование следует направить на обеспечение сбалансированного развития вербальной коммуникации у таких детей. В нашей работе рассматривается понятие «вербальная коммуникация», особенности мотивации у детей с тяжелым нарушением речи, основные подходы к формированию вербальной коммуникации у таких детей.
Modeling growing confluent tissues using a lattice Boltzmann method: interface stability and fluctuations
Creators: name: Killeen, Andrew
name: Partridge, Benjamin
name: Bertrand, Thibault
name: Lee, Chiu Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tissue growth underpins a wide array of biological and developmental processes, and numerical modeling of growing systems has been shown to be a useful tool for understanding these processes. However, the phenomena that can be captured are often limited by the size of systems that can be modeled. Here, we address this limitation by introducing a Lattice-Boltzmann method (LBM) for a growing system that is able to efficiently model hydrodynamic length-scales. The model incorporates a novel approach to describing the growing front of a tissue, which we use to investigate the dynamics of the interface of growing model tissues. We find that the interface grows with scaling in agreement with the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class when growth in the system is bulk driven. Interestingly, we also find the emergence of a previously unreported hydrodynamic instability when proliferation is restricted to the tissue edge. We then develop an analytical theory to show that the instability arises due to a coupling between the number of cells actively proliferating and the position of the interface.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering to the twist-four accuracy: Impact of finite-$t$ and target mass corrections
Creators: name: Braun, Vladimir M.
name: Manashov, Alexander N.
name: Mueller, Dieter
name: Pirnay, Bjoern M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out the first complete calculation of kinematic power corrections $\sim t/Q^2$ and $\sim m^2/Q^2$ to several key observables in Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering. The issue of convention dependence of the leading twist approximation is discussed in detail. In addition we work out representations for the higher twist corrections in terms of double distributions, Mellin-Barnes integrals and also within a dissipative framework. This study removes an important source of uncertainties in the QCD predictions for intermediate photon virtualities $Q^2\sim 1$-$5\,{\rm GeV}^2$ that are accessible in the existing and planned experiments. In particular the finite-$t$ corrections are significant and must be taken into account in the data analysis.
description: 34 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Analog of the mean-value theorem for polynomials of special form
Creators: name: Trofimenko, Olga D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the present paper a new mean value theorem for polynomials of special form is obtained. The case of sums on vertices of a regular polygon is studied. A criterion for a certain equation to be satisfied is obtained.
description: 9 pages
Towards Understanding Excited-State Properties of Organic Molecules Using Time-Resolved Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Stiel, Holger
name: Braenzel, Julia
name: Jonas, Adrian
name: Gnewkow, Richard
name: Glöggler, Lisa Theresa
name: Sommer, Denny
name: Krist, Thomas
name: Erko, Alexei
name: Tümmler, Johannes
name: Mantouvalou, Ioanna
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: NEXAFS
subject: pump-probe
subject: porphyrin
subject: ultrafast X-ray absorption
subject: pseudoisocyanine
subject: TD-DFT

description: The extension of the pump-probe approach known from UV/VIS spectroscopy to very short wavelengths together with advanced simulation techniques allows a detailed analysis of excited-state dynamics in organic molecules or biomolecular structures on a nanosecond to femtosecond time level. Optical pump soft X-ray probe spectroscopy is a relatively new approach to detect and characterize optically dark states in organic molecules, exciton dynamics or transient ligand-to-metal charge transfer states. In this paper, we describe two experimental setups for transient soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy based on an LPP emitting picosecond and sub-nanosecond soft X-ray pulses in the photon energy range between 50 and 1500 eV. We apply these setups for near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) investigations of thin films of a metal-free porphyrin, an aggregate forming carbocyanine and a nickel oxide molecule. NEXAFS investigations have been carried out at the carbon, nitrogen and oxygen K-edge as well as on the Ni L-edge. From time-resolved NEXAFS carbon, K-edge measurements of the metal-free porphyrin first insights into a long-lived trap state are gained. Our findings are discussed and compared with density functional theory calculations.
Luthers Einsicht in "De servo arbitrio" und ihre Bedeutung für Theologie und Kirche heute
Creators: name: Brandt, Reinhard
Publisher: name: Lutherische Kirche in der Welt
Year: 1970

description: Lutherische Kirche in der Welt, Bd. 45 (1998): Lutherische Kirche in der Welt, Band 45
CBCT-Based Synthetic CT Image Generation Using Conditional Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model
Creators: name: Peng, Junbo
name: Qiu, Richard L. J.
name: Wynne, Jacob F
name: Chang, Chih-Wei
name: Pan, Shaoyan
name: Wang, Tonghe
name: Roper, Justin
name: Liu, Tian
name: Patel, Pretesh R.
name: Yu, David S.
name: Yang, Xiaofeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Background: Daily or weekly cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans are commonly used for accurate patient positioning during the image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) process, making it an ideal option for adaptive radiotherapy (ART) replanning. However, the presence of severe artifacts and inaccurate Hounsfield unit (HU) values prevent its use for quantitative applications such as organ segmentation and dose calculation. To enable the clinical practice of online ART, it is crucial to obtain CBCT scans with a quality comparable to that of a CT scan. Purpose: This work aims to develop a conditional diffusion model to perform image translation from the CBCT to the CT domain for the image quality improvement of CBCT. Methods: The proposed method is a conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) that utilizes a time-embedded U-net architecture with residual and attention blocks to gradually transform standard Gaussian noise to the target CT distribution conditioned on the CBCT. The model was trained on deformed planning CT (dpCT) and CBCT image pairs, and its feasibility was verified in brain patient study and head-and-neck (H&N) patient study. The performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and normalized cross-correlation (NCC) metrics on generated synthetic CT (sCT) samples. The proposed method was also compared to four other diffusion model-based sCT generation methods. Conclusions: The proposed conditional DDPM method can generate sCT from CBCT with accurate HU numbers and reduced artifacts, enabling accurate CBCT-based organ segmentation and dose calculation for online ART.
Relativistic formulation of coordinate light time, Doppler and astrometric observables up to the second post-Minkowskian order
Creators: name: Hees, A.
name: Bertone, S.
name: Poncin-Lafitte, C. Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given the extreme accuracy of modern space science, a precise relativistic modeling of observations is required. In particular, it is important to describe properly light propagation through the Solar System. For two decades, several modeling efforts based on the solution of the null geodesic equations have been proposed but they are mainly valid only for the first order Post-Newtonian approximation. However, with the increasing precision of ongoing space missions as Gaia, GAME, BepiColombo, JUNO or JUICE, we know that some corrections up to the second order have to be taken into account for future experiments. We present a procedure to compute the relativistic coordinate time delay, Doppler and astrometric observables avoiding the integration of the null geodesic equation. This is possible using the Time Transfer Function formalism, a powerful tool providing key quantities such as the time of flight of a light signal between two point-events and the tangent vector to its null-geodesic. Indeed we show how to compute the Time Transfer Functions and their derivatives (and thus range, Doppler and astrometric observables) up to the second post-Minkowskian order. We express these quantities as quadratures of some functions that depend only on the metric and its derivatives evaluated along a Minkowskian straight line. This method is particularly well adapted for numerical estimations. As an illustration, we provide explicit expressions in static and spherically symmetric space-time up to second post-Minkowskian order. Then we give the order of magnitude of these corrections for the range/Doppler on the BepiColombo mission and for astrometry in a GAME-like observation.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures, accepted in Phys. Rev. D
Challenging the minimal supersymmetric SU(5) model
Creators: name: Bajc, Borut
name: Lavignac, Stephane
name: Mede, Timon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the main constraints on the parameter space of the minimal renormalizable supersymmetric SU(5) grand unified theory. They consist of the Higgs mass, proton decay, electroweak symmetry breaking and fermion masses. Superpartner masses are constrained both from below and from above, giving hope for confirming or definitely ruling out the theory in the future. This contribution is based on Ref. [1].
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, plenary talk presented by B.B. at the VIIth International Conference on Interconnections between Particle Physics and Cosmology PPC13, Deadwood, South Dakota, July 8-13, 2013. To be published in the Proceedings
In memoriam Dr. h.c. Peter Schellenberg, 10.10.1935-28.9.1997
Creators: name: Roepke, Claus-Jürgen
name: Müller, Gerhard
name: Klein, Christoph
Publisher: name: Lutherische Kirche in der Welt
Year: 1970

description: Lutherische Kirche in der Welt, Bd. 45 (1998): Lutherische Kirche in der Welt, Band 45
D-divisible quantum evolution families
Creators: name: Szczygielski, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose and explore a notion of decomposably divisible (D-divisible) differentiable quantum evolution families on matrix algebras. This is achieved by replacing the complete positivity requirement, imposed on the propagator, by more general condition of decomposability. It is shown that such D-divisible dynamical maps satisfy a generalized version of Master Equation and are totally characterized by their time-local generators. Necessary and sufficient conditions for D-divisibility are found. Additionally, decomposable trace preserving semigroups are examined.
description: 27 pages, 3 figures. Final version
title: Ansprache der großdeutschen Partei der Nationalversammlung an ihre Gesinnungsgenossen; [1849]
title: Frankfurt am Main, den 1. Mai 1849
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Extra-Beilage zur "Frankfurter Zeitung"
title: The Role of Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep (DBAS), Rumination, Psychological Inflexibility, and Insomnia Among College Students
Creators: name: San Miguel, Guadalupe G.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: The purpose of the study was to understand additional variables that play a role between insomnia and the inability to stay present with internal feelings/emotions (i.e., psychological inflexibility) among college students. These variables that were predicted to help explain this relationship include dysfunctional sleep-related cognitions and insomnia rumination. To do this, college students were surveyed online at the start of the study and one month later. In addition, to be included in the study they must have been enrolled in a 2- or 4-year university, have access to the internet, and not diagnosed with another sleep disorder. Participants (n = 490) were from the mountain west and Midwest region of the U.S. A majority of participants were composed of college students who are full-time (94.7%), undergraduate (99.8%), female (75.1%), or White (83.7%). Results showed psychological inflexibility, dysfunctional sleep-related cognitions, insomnia rumination, and insomnia were significantly correlated with each other. The main analysis (i.e., serial mediation), showed that dysfunctional sleep-related cognitions, insomnia rumination helped explain the relationship between psychological inflexibility and insomnia. These results suggest there is potential to assisting future interventions by understanding and targeting these negative repetitive thoughts (i.e., dysfunctional sleep-related cognitions and insomnia rumination). Future studies should aim to uncover treatment outcomes for these variables.
Supplementary document for Asymmetric optical multimode splitters by field-assisted ion exchange using patterned mask openings - 6045233.pdf
Creators: name: Schaeffer, Daniel
name: Klenkert, Daniel
name: Stauch, Julian
name: Foss, Wolfgang
name: Haaf, Sebastian
name: Foerg, Raimund
name: Kufner, Maria
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental Document
Correlation Functions of XX0 Heisenberg Chain, q-Binomial Determinants, and Random Walks
Creators: name: Bogoliubov, N. M.
name: Malyshev, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The XX0 Heisenberg model on a cyclic chain is considered. The representation of the Bethe wave functions via the Schur functions allows to apply the well-developed theory of the symmetric functions to the calculation of the thermal correlation functions. The determinantal expressions of the form-factors and of the thermal correlation functions are obtained. The q-binomial determinants enable the connection of the form-factors with the generating functions both of boxed plane partitions and of self-avoiding lattice paths. The asymptotical behavior of the thermal correlation functions is studied in the limit of low temperature provided that the characteristic parameters of the system are large enough.
description: 27 pages, 2 figures, LaTeX
Backreaction from gauge fields produced during inflation
Creators: name: Durrer, R.
name: Sobol, O.
name: Vilchinskii, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study general features of a regime where gauge fields produced during inflation cause a strong backreaction on the background evolution and its impact on the spectrum and the correlation length of gauge fields. With this aim, the gradient-expansion formalism previously proposed for the description of inflationary magnetogenesis in purely kinetic or purely axial coupling models, is extended to the case when both types of coupling are present. As it is formulated in position space, this method allows us to self-consistently take into account the backreaction of generated gauge fields on the inflationary background because it captures the nonlinear evolution of all physically relevant gauge-field modes at once. Using this extended gradient-expansion formalism, suitable for a wide range of inflationary magnetogenesis models, we study the gauge-field production in a specific generalization of the Starobinsky $R^2$-model with a nonminimal coupling of gauge fields to gravity. In the Einstein frame, this model implies, in addition to an asymptotically flat inflaton potential, also a nontrivial form of kinetic and axial coupling functions which decrease in time and, thus, are potentially suitable for the generation of gauge fields with a scale-invariant or even red-tilted power spectrum. The numerical analysis shows, however, that backreaction, which unavoidably occurs in this model for the interesting range of parameters, strongly alters the behavior of the spectrum and does not allow us to obtain a sufficiently large correlation length for the magnetic field. The oscillatory behavior of the generated field, caused by the retarded response of the gauge field to changes of the inflaton velocity, was revealed.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures
Dextrous Tactile In-Hand Manipulation Using a Modular Reinforcement Learning Architecture
Creators: name: Pitz, Johannes
name: Röstel, Lennart
name: Sievers, Leon
name: Bäuml, Berthold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dextrous in-hand manipulation with a multi-fingered robotic hand is a challenging task, esp. when performed with the hand oriented upside down, demanding permanent force-closure, and when no external sensors are used. For the task of reorienting an object to a given goal orientation (vs. infinitely spinning it around an axis), the lack of external sensors is an additional fundamental challenge as the state of the object has to be estimated all the time, e.g., to detect when the goal is reached. In this paper, we show that the task of reorienting a cube to any of the 24 possible goal orientations in a $π$/2-raster using the torque-controlled DLR-Hand II is possible. The task is learned in simulation using a modular deep reinforcement learning architecture: the actual policy has only a small observation time window of 0.5s but gets the cube state as an explicit input which is estimated via a deep differentiable particle filter trained on data generated by running the policy. In simulation, we reach a success rate of 92% while applying significant domain randomization. Via zero-shot Sim2Real-transfer on the real robotic system, all 24 goal orientations can be reached with a high success rate.
Heralded entanglement of two ions in an optical cavity
Creators: name: Casabone, B.
name: Stute, A.
name: Friebe, K.
name: Brandstätter, B.
name: Schüppert, K.
name: Blatt, R.
name: Northup, T. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate precise control of the coupling of each of two trapped ions to the mode of an optical resonator. When both ions are coupled with near-maximum strength, we generate ion--ion entanglement heralded by the detection of two orthogonally polarized cavity photons. The entanglement fidelity with respect to the Bell state $Ψ^+$ reaches $F \geq (91.9\pm2.5)%$. This result represents an important step toward distributed quantum computing with cavities linking remote atom-based registers.
Bridging the Gap Between Collective Motility and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions through the Active Finite Voronoi Model
Creators: name: Huang, Junxiang
name: Levine, Herbert
name: Bi, Dapeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an active version of the recently proposed finite Voronoi model of epithelial tissue. The resultant Active Finite Voronoi (AFV) model enables the study of both confluent and non-confluent geometries and transitions between them, in the presence of active cells. Our study identifies six distinct phases, characterized by aggregation-segregation, dynamical jamming-unjamming, and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT), thereby extending the behavior beyond that observed in previously studied vertex-based models. The AFV model with rich phase diagram provides a cohesive framework that unifies the well-observed progression to collective motility via unjamming with the intricate dynamics enabled by EMT. This approach should prove useful for challenges in developmental biology systems as well as the complex context of cancer metastasis. The simulation code is also provided at https://github.com/jxhuangphys/Active_Finite_Voronoi_simulation.
A nested factor model for non-linear dependences in stock returns
Creators: name: Chicheportiche, Rémy
name: Bouchaud, Jean-Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The aim of our work is to propose a natural framework to account for all the empirically known properties of the multivariate distribution of stock returns. We define and study a "nested factor model", where the linear factors part is standard, but where the log-volatility of the linear factors and of the residuals are themselves endowed with a factor structure and residuals. We propose a calibration procedure to estimate these log-vol factors and the residuals. We find that whereas the number of relevant linear factors is relatively large (10 or more), only two or three log-vol factors emerge in our analysis of the data. In fact, a minimal model where only one log-vol factor is considered is already very satisfactory, as it accurately reproduces the properties of bivariate copulas, in particular the dependence of the medial-point on the linear correlation coefficient, as reported in Chicheportiche and Bouchaud (2012). We have tested the ability of the model to predict Out-of-Sample the risk of non-linear portfolios, and found that it performs significantly better than other schemes.
The halo model for cosmology: a pedagogical review
Creators: name: Asgari, Marika
name: Mead, Alexander J.
name: Heymans, Catherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a pedagogical review of the halo model, a flexible framework that can describe the distribution of matter and its tracers on non-linear scales for both conventional and exotic cosmological models. We start with the premise that the complex structure of the cosmic web can be described by the sum of its individual components: dark matter, gas, and galaxies, all distributed within spherical haloes with a range of masses. The halo properties are specified through a series of simulation-calibrated ingredients including the halo mass function, non-linear halo bias and a dark matter density profile that can additionally account for the impact of baryon feedback. By incorporating a model of the galaxy halo occupation distribution, the properties of central and satellite galaxies, their non-linear bias and intrinsic alignment can be predicted. Through analytical calculations of spherical collapse in exotic cosmologies, the halo model also provides predictions for non-linear clustering in beyond-$Λ$CDM models. The halo model has been widely used to model observations of a variety of large-scale structure probes, most notably as the primary technique to model the underlying non-linear matter power spectrum. By documenting these varied and often distinct use cases, we seek to further coherent halo model analyses of future multi-tracer observables. This review is accompanied by the release of pyhalomodel: https://github.com/alexander-mead/pyhalomodel , flexible software to conduct a wide range of halo-model calculations.
description: Comments from the community are gratefully received for version 1
Mufasa: Robust Meta-Workflow Management
Creators: name: Lyons, Ben
name: Thain, Douglas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: poster-presentation

description: Workflow management systems are commonly used in scientific computing to process large amounts of data in parallel. These workflows often interact with a batch system to allocate resources on a cluster. However, a research campaign rarely relies on one workflow alone: rather, it is common to run an ensemble of workflows to accomplish a large quantity of work. Managing an ensemble can be surprisingly challenging because each WMS consumes resources on both the head node and the cluster, and it is commonly the case that the total resource consumption is unknown until runtime. As a result, the naive approach of processing data as soon as it arrives may create a stampede of workflows that overwhelms either the head node or the cluster. This necessitates a meta-workflow scheduling algorithm that manages the ensemble and prevents stampeding. We have created Mufasa as a prototype meta-workflow manager to address these resource management issues. We evaluate the effectiveness of Mufasa by stressing different resources, and show that resource consumption does not exceed any of the system limits.
RES: Regularized Stochastic BFGS Algorithm
Creators: name: Mokhtari, Aryan
name: Ribeiro, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: RES, a regularized stochastic version of the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) quasi-Newton method is proposed to solve convex optimization problems with stochastic objectives. The use of stochastic gradient descent algorithms is widespread, but the number of iterations required to approximate optimal arguments can be prohibitive in high dimensional problems. Application of second order methods, on the other hand, is impracticable because computation of objective function Hessian inverses incurs excessive computational cost. BFGS modifies gradient descent by introducing a Hessian approximation matrix computed from finite gradient differences. RES utilizes stochastic gradients in lieu of deterministic gradients for both, the determination of descent directions and the approximation of the objective function's curvature. Since stochastic gradients can be computed at manageable computational cost RES is realizable and retains the convergence rate advantages of its deterministic counterparts. Convergence results show that lower and upper bounds on the Hessian egeinvalues of the sample functions are sufficient to guarantee convergence to optimal arguments. Numerical experiments showcase reductions in convergence time relative to stochastic gradient descent algorithms and non-regularized stochastic versions of BFGS. An application of RES to the implementation of support vector machines is developed.
description: 13 pages
The NCI Imaging Data Commons as a platform for reproducible research in computational pathology
Creators: name: Schacherer, Daniela P.
name: Herrmann, Markus D.
name: Clunie, David A.
name: Höfener, Henning
name: Clifford, William
name: Longabaugh, William J. R.
name: Pieper, Steve
name: Kikinis, Ron
name: Fedorov, Andrey
name: Homeyer, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background and Objectives: Reproducibility is a major challenge in developing machine learning (ML)-based solutions in computational pathology (CompPath). The NCI Imaging Data Commons (IDC) provides >120 cancer image collections according to the FAIR principles and is designed to be used with cloud ML services. Here, we explore its potential to facilitate reproducibility in CompPath research. Methods: Using the IDC, we implemented two experiments in which a representative ML-based method for classifying lung tumor tissue was trained and/or evaluated on different datasets. To assess reproducibility, the experiments were run multiple times with separate but identically configured instances of common ML services. Results: The AUC values of different runs of the same experiment were generally consistent. However, we observed small variations in AUC values of up to 0.045, indicating a practical limit to reproducibility. Conclusions: We conclude that the IDC facilitates approaching the reproducibility limit of CompPath research (i) by enabling researchers to reuse exactly the same datasets and (ii) by integrating with cloud ML services so that experiments can be run in identically configured computing environments.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures; improved manuscript, new experiments with P100 GPU
Supplementary document for Wide field-of-view light-field displays based on thin-encapsulated self-emissive displays - 5973074.pdf
Creators: name: Chen, Fu-Hao
name: Hyun, Byung-Ryool
name: Liu, Zhaojun
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 20504 Photonics, Optoelectronics and Optical Communications
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supplement 1
Supplementary document for Quantum limits of position-sensitive photodiodes - 6067052.pdf
Creators: name: Fradgley, Ellie
name: French, Carlton
name: Rushton, Lucas
name: Dieudonné, Yannik
name: Harrison, Lucy
name: Beckey, Jacob
name: Miao, Haixing
name: Gill, Christopher
name: Petrov, Plamen
name: Boyer, Vincent
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplement 1
Asymmetric di-Higgs signals of the next-to-minimal 2HDM with a $U(1)$ symmetry
Creators: name: Banik, Sumit
name: Crivellin, Andreas
name: Iguro, Syuhei
name: Kitahara, Teppei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two-Higgs-doublet model with a $U(1)_H$ gauge symmetry (N2HDM-$U(1)$) has several advantages compared to the ``standard'' $Z_2$ version (N2HDM-$Z_2$): It is purely based on gauge symmetries, involves only spontaneous symmetry breaking, and is more predictive because it contains one parameter less in the Higgs potential, which further ensures $CP$ conservation, i.e., avoiding the stringent bounds from electric dipole moments. After pointing out that a second, so far unknown version of the N2HDM-$U(1)$ exists, we examine the phenomenological consequences for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) of the differences in the scalar potentials. In particular, we find that while the N2HDM-$Z_2$ predicts suppressed branching ratios for decays into different Higgs bosons for the case of the small scalar mixing (as suggested by Higgs coupling measurements), both versions of the N2HDM-$U(1)$ allow for sizable rates. This is particularly relevant in light of the CMS excess in resonant Higgs-pair production at around $650\,$GeV of a Standard Model Higgs boson subsequently decaying to photons and a new scalar with a mass of $\approx90\,$GeV subsequently decaying to bottom quarks (i.e., compatible with the CMS and ATLAS $γγ$ excesses at $95\,$GeV and $\approx 670\,$GeV). As we will show, this excess can be addressed within the N2HDM-$U(1)$ in case of a nonminimal Yukawa sector, predicting an interesting and unavoidable $Z+ b\bar b$ signal and motivating further asymmetric di-Higgs searches at the LHC.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, version accepted in PRD
Quantization and dynamisation of Trace-Poisson brackets
Creators: name: Avan, Jean
name: Ragoucy, Eric
name: Rubtsov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The quantization problem for the trace-bracket algebra, derived from double Poisson brackets, is discussed. We obtain a generalization of the boundary YBE (or so-called ABCD-algebra) for the quantization of quadratic trace-brackets. A dynamical deformation is proposed on the lines of Gervais-Neveu-Felder dynamical quantum algebras.
description: 26 pages
Tessellated granular metamaterials with tunable elastic moduli
Creators: name: Pashine, Nidhi
name: Wang, Dong
name: Zhang, Jerry
name: Patiballa, Sree Kalyan
name: Witthaus, Sven
name: Shattuck, Mark D.
name: O'Hern, Corey S.
name: Kramer-Bottiglio, Rebecca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most granular packings possess shear moduli ($G$) that increase with the applied external pressure, and bulk moduli ($B$) that increase or remain constant with pressure. This paper presents "tessellated" granular metamaterials for which both $G$ and the ratio $G/B$ decrease with increasing pressure. The granular metamaterials are made from flexible tessellations forming a ring of closed cells, each containing a small number of solid particles. For under-constrained tessellations, the dominant contributions to $G$ and $B$ are the particle-particle and particle-cell interactions. With specific particle configurations in the cells, we limit the number of possible particle rearrangements to achieve decreasing $G$ as we increase the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the tessellation, leading to $G/B \ll 1$ at large pressures. We further study tessellated granular metamaterials with cells containing a single particle and many particles to determine the variables that control the mechanical response of particle-filled tessellations as a function of pressure.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
title: Landwehr-Helm; [1848]
title: nach Entschließung des k. Staatsministerium des Innern vom 26ten Sept. 1848, No. 23195
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Hohfelder, Carl
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Vorlageform der Veröffentlichungsangabe: Zeichung und Druck von Hohfelder. Gravirt v. Koch
title: Стратегическое управление колледжем: возможные решения и перспективы
Creators: name: Жукова, А.
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2020

description: В статье рассматриваются возможные варианты применения проектных технологий управления качеством для получения стратегических преимуществ образовательным учреждением. Предложенная реализация процесса стратегического управления позволит более гибко и адекватно отвечать на внешние вызовы, предупреждая потенциальные риски.
Educators’ attitudes towards inclusive education and the physical learning environment
Creators: name: MAHAT, MARIAN
name: Sacco, Ben
Publisher: name: University of Melbourne
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other built environment and design not elsewhere classified
Curriculum and pedagogy not elsewhere classified

description: The overarching aim of the study is to investigate educators’ affective, cognitive and behavioural aspects of attitudes towards inclusive education and examine the relationship of these attitudes with the physical learning spaces they teach in.