Early Farmers of the Sonoran Desert: Archaeological Investigations at the Houghton Road Site, Tucson, Arizona
Creators: name: Sutton, Tyler
Publisher: name: SRI Press
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Arizona (State / Territory)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/335/arizona-state-territory
subject: Houghton Road
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/83811/houghton-road
subject: Tucson Basin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2758/tucson-basin
subject: Tucson
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/48267/tucson
subject: Colonial
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/127/colonial
subject: Mogollon
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/34/mogollon
subject: Sedentary
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/8323/sedentary
subject: Hohokam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/21/hohokam
subject: Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/8/archaic
subject: Prehistoric
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/120/prehistoric
subject: Historic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/25/historic
subject: Early Formative
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/7641/early-formative
subject: Late Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/11/late-archaic
subject: AZ BB:13:15 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/21552/az-bb1315-asm
subject: AZ AA:12:46 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/22064/az-aa1246-asm
subject: AZ AA:12:149 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/22066/az-aa12149-asm
subject: AZ AA:12:384 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/22067/az-aa12384-asm
subject: AZ AA:12:484 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/22069/az-aa12484-asm
subject: AZ AA:16:94 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/22071/az-aa1694-asm
subject: AZ BB:13:425 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/89788/az-bb13425-asm
subject: AZ AA:12:285 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/100028/az-aa12285-asm
subject: AZ EE:1:153 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/100027/az-ee1153-asm
subject: AZ AA:12:745 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/89789/az-aa12745-asm
subject: AZ AA:16:49 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/100029/az-aa1649-asm
subject: AZ AA:12:18 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/97510/az-aa1218-asm
subject: AZ EE:2:105 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/22087/az-ee2105-asm
subject: AZ AA:12:120 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/83468/az-aa12120-asm
subject: AZ BB:13:398 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/97516/az-bb13398-asm
subject: Domestic Structures
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/256/domestic-structures
subject: House
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/259/house
subject: Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/355/pit
subject: Roasting Pit / Oven / Horno
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/357/roasting-pit-oven-horno
subject: Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/251/domestic-structure-or-architectural-complex
subject: Midden
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/347/midden
subject: Shell
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/14/shell
subject: Ceramic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/1/ceramic
subject: Fauna
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4/fauna
subject: Glass
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/6/glass
subject: Ground Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/7/ground-stone
subject: Human Remains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/9/human-remains
subject: Macrobotanical
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/10/macrobotanical
subject: Lithic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/698/lithic
subject: Metal
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/11/metal
subject: Human Remains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/133281/human-remains
subject: Research Design / Data Recovery Plan
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/9/research-design-data-recovery-plan
subject: Site Evaluation / Testing
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/10/site-evaluation-testing

description: The following report presents the results of archaeological testing and data recovery at the Houghton Road site (AZ BB:13:398 [ASM]). These investigations provide important new insights into a virtually unknown time in Tucson Basin prehistory. The Houghton Road site represents a seasonally or semipermanently occupied hamlet that dates primarily to the Plain Ware horizon, the first period of Formative culture in southern Arizona. Excavations at the Houghton Road Site (AZ BB:13:398) add to the growing body of new information concerning the Archaic-Formative transition in the Southwest. Archaeological testing and data recovery investigations resulting from modifications to Houghton Road provide unique insights into this critical period that until recently was virtually unknown in Tucson Basin prehistory. Absolute dates indicate that between 7 and 14 houses at this site date to a time between the Late Archaic period and the Hohokam occupation, which began at the end of the Pioneer period in the Tucson Basin. Most of the houses were small to moderate-sized habitations, several of which contained plastered pillars flanking the entryways and creating a distinctive bean shape. Statistical Research, Inc. (SRI), was authorized by Pima County (Work Order 4BHTVC) to carry out these investigations after the county moved Houghton Road about 100 feet east from its existing alignment between Speedway Boulevard and Tanque Verde Road. Most distinctive was a much larger bean shaped house with pit walls more than 1mhigh. This house is morphologically identical to Mogollon Early Pit House period communal houses. These houses were associated with 33 extramural features, including bell-shaped pits, roasting pits, and pits of unknown function. In addition, two middens and other pit features were apparently associated with a Colonial period use of the site area that spread a thin veneer of Hohokam refuse over the southern portion of the site.