cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Chain breaking in the statistical mechanical constitutive theory of polymer networks
Creators: name: Buche, Michael R.
name: Silberstein, Meredith N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elastomers are used in a wide range of applications because of their large strain to failure, low density, and tailorable stiffness and toughness. The mechanical behavior of elastomers derives mainly from the entropic elasticity of the underlying network of polymer chains. Elastomers under large deformation experience bonds breaking within the polymer network. This breaking of chains damages the network, can lead to material failure, and can be utilized as an energy dissipation mechanism. In the case of reversible bonds, broken chains may reform and heal the damage in the network. If the reversible bonds are dynamic, chains constantly break and reform and create a transient network. A fundamental constitutive theory is developed to model the mechanics of these polymer networks. A statistical mechanical derivation is conducted to yield a framework that takes in an arbitrary single-chain model (a Hamiltonian) and outputs: the single-chain mechanical response, the breaking and reforming kinetics, the equilibrium distribution of chains in the network, and the partial differential equations governing the deformation-coupled network evolution. This statistical mechanical framework is then brought into the continuum scale by using macroscopic thermodynamic constitutive theory to obtain a constitutive relation for the Cauchy stress. The potential-supplemented freely jointed chain ($u$FJC) model is introduced, and a parametric study of its mechanical response and breaking kinetics is provided. This single-chain model is then implemented within the constitutive framework, which we specialize and apply in two exemplary cases: the mechanical response and irreversible breakdown of a multinetwork elastomer, and the mechanical response of a dual crosslink gel. After providing a parametric study of the general constitutive model, we apply it to a hydrogel with reversible metal-coordination crosslinks.
description: Preprint submitted to Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids. For associated Python implementation, see https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4699349
title: European Journal of Creative Practices in Cities and Landscapes, Vol 2, No 1 (2019): Water Resilience: Creative Practices—Past, Present and Future
title: Water Resilience: Creative Practices—Past, Present and Future
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: European Journal Of Creative Practices In Cities And Landscapes
Publisher: name: European Journal of Creative Practices in Cities and Landscapes
Year: 2019

description: Rediscovering Community Participation in Persian Qanats: An Actor-Network Framework...153-172 Water as Source of Conflict and as a Vehicle for Peace...121-138 Policies enabling resilience in Seattle's water services...93-120 The Brand-new Riverfront and the Historical Centre: Narratives and Open Questions in Contemporary Ahmedabad, India...65-92 Narrative Cartography: Capturing a Holistic Perspective on Waterscapes...11-36 International Conference Water as Heritage. 27-31 May 2019, Chiayi, Taiwan...185-194 Re-defining the appreciation and usability of urban watersides in the urban center and peri-urban fringes of Shanghai...37-64 Water, Heritage and Sustainability in Practice: the cases of Rochdale and Wrocław...139-152 Erratum...207 Water Heritage in Asian Cities Symposium, 29 November – 1 December 2018, Shanghai, China...195-206 Water Resilience: Creative Practices—Past, Present and Future...1-10 Erratum...209 Pipe Dreams: Cities Get Creative With Water...173-184
Improving Fairness in Speaker Recognition
Creators: name: Fenu, Gianni
name: Medda, Giacomo
name: Marras, Mirko
name: Meloni, Giacomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The human voice conveys unique characteristics of an individual, making voice biometrics a key technology for verifying identities in various industries. Despite the impressive progress of speaker recognition systems in terms of accuracy, a number of ethical and legal concerns has been raised, specifically relating to the fairness of such systems. In this paper, we aim to explore the disparity in performance achieved by state-of-the-art deep speaker recognition systems, when different groups of individuals characterized by a common sensitive attribute (e.g., gender) are considered. In order to mitigate the unfairness we uncovered by means of an exploratory study, we investigate whether balancing the representation of the different groups of individuals in the training set can lead to a more equal treatment of these demographic groups. Experiments on two state-of-the-art neural architectures and a large-scale public dataset show that models trained with demographically-balanced training sets exhibit a fairer behavior on different groups, while still being accurate. Our study is expected to provide a solid basis for instilling beyond-accuracy objectives (e.g., fairness) in speaker recognition.
description: Accepted at the 2020 European Symposium on Software Engineering (ESSE 2020)
title: Αλλαγή χρήσης του δημοτικού σχολείου σε λαογραφικό μουσείο στον οικισμό του Αγίου Δημητρίου του Δήμου Παλαμά
title: Change in use of the Primary school to a folklore museum at the settlement of Agios Dimitrios (Saint Dimitrios) of the municipality of Palamas
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Μπουραζάνης, Σωτήριος
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2022
Subjects: Δημοτικό σχολείο
Αλλαγή χρήσης
Λαογραφικό μουσείο
Αποκατάσταση
Επανάχρηση
Άγιος Δημήτριος Δήμου Παλαμά
Πολεοδομική ανάλυση

description: Στην μεταπτυχιακή διπλωματική εργασία προτείνεται η αλλαγή χρήσης του δημοτικού σχολείου σε λαογραφικό μουσείο , στον οικισμό του Αγίου Δημητρίου του Δήμου Παλαμά της Περιφερειακής Ενότητας Καρδίτσας. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται η ιστορική αναδρομή της περιοχής καθώς και η πολεοδομική ανάλυση αυτής. Περιγράφεται ακόμη ο οικισμός καθώς και η σημασία του λαογραφικού μουσείου για τον οικισμό. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο περιγράφονται τα αρχιτεκτονικά στοιχεία του δημοτικού σχολείου . Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο περιγράφονται τα κατασκευαστικά χαρακτηριστικά και τα υλικά που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για την κατασκευή του σχολείου . Επίσης περιγράφονται τα κατασκευαστικά προβλήματα και η επιδιόρθωση αυτών, δια της φωτογραφικής τεκμηρίωσης. Ακόμη παρουσιάζεται η σχεδιαστική αποτύπωση του σχολείου. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο περιγράφεται η αρχιτεκτονική πρόταση αλλαγής χρήσης από δημοτικό σχολείο σε λαογραφικό μουσείο. Στο πέμπτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται η παρουσίαση της αρχιτεκτονικής μελέτης του λαογραφικού μουσείου καθώς και οι θεματικές ενότητες του . Επίσης περιγράφεται η μελέτη διαμόρφωσης του περιβάλλοντα χώρου αφού πρώτα έγινε η αποτύπωση του χώρου αυτού. Ακόμη γίνεται και η περιγραφή κατασκευής της πέργκολας. Η πρόταση που προκύπτει μετά την έρευνα και την λεπτομερή ανάλυση των στοιχείων του κτηρίου είναι σημαντική , αφού έτσι αναδεικνύεται το τμήμα αυτό του πολιτισμικού πλούτου καθώς και η ανάγκη διατήρησης του συμβάλλοντας έτσι στην κοινωνική αναζωογόνηση της περιοχής.
Recent Developments in the Inverted Metamorphic Multi-Junction (IMM) Solar Cell
Creators: name: Sharps, P.
name: Cornfeld, A.
name: Cho, B.
name: Diaz, J.
name: Newman, F.
name: Patel, P.
name: Stan, M.
name: Varghese, T.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
Solar Cells, Modules and PV Systems for Space Applications

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 839-842
description: We report on recent advances in the performance and reliability of the GaInP2/GaAs/InGaAs inverted
metamorphic multi-junction (IMM) space solar cell. The IMM approach offers advantages in two areas. First, it
provides a potential path for surpassing the 30% efficiency ceiling in a high volume, manufacturing environment.
Secondly, it also provides options for novel space power panels. The IMM device has very high specific power, i.e.
>3,000 W/kg and 440 W/m2 at the bare cell level. While the IMM device can be mounted on a coverglass and used
on standard rigid honeycombed panels, it can also be mounted on flexible materials, such as kapton, and used on
flexible, roll out type panels. A triple junction IMM device (IMM-3) will reasonably be able to achieve an average
efficiency of 33% (1 sun, AM0) for large area cells (26 cm2) in a manufacturing environment. In addition, the IMM
architecture will support 4, 5, and 6 junction devices for even higher efficiency levels. We present modeled results
for 4, 5, and 6 junction devices, as well as the challenges in demonstrating working devices.
Tribocorrosion behavior of β-type Ti-Nb-Ga alloys in a physiological solution
Creators: name: Alberta, Ludovico Andrea
name: Vishnu, Jithin
name: Douest, Yohan
name: Perrin, Kevin
name: Trunfio-Sfarghiu, Ana-Maria
name: Courtois, Nicolas
name: Gebert, Annett
name: Ter-Ovanessian, Benoit
name: Calin, Mariana
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Beta Ti alloys
subject: Biomaterial
subject: Gallium
subject: Synergism
subject: 660

description: Tribo-electrochemical behavior in physiological solution of two β-type (100-x)(Ti-45Nb)-xGa (x = 4, 8 wt%) alloys, alongside β-Ti-45Nb and medical grade Ti-6Al-4V ELI, was investigated. Microstructure and mechanical behavior were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, microhardness and ultrasonic method. Tribocorrosion tests (open circuit potential, anodic potentiostatic tests) were performed using a reciprocating pin-on-disk tribometer under constant load. Degradation mechanisms are similar for the alloys: plastic deformation, delamination, abrasive and adhesive wear. Among the β-Ti-Nb alloys, an improved wear resistance with lower damage was remarked for β-92(Ti-45Nb)-8Ga alloy, attributed to increased microhardness. Content of Ga3+ ions released in the test solutions were found to be in very low amounts (few ppb). Addition of Ga to Ti-45Nb resulted in improved corrosion resistance under mechanical loading.
Abundance Anomalies In Tidal Disruption Events
Creators: name: Kochanek, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ~10% of tidal disruption events (TDEs) due to stars more massive than the Sun should show abundance anomalies due to stellar evolution in helium, carbon and nitrogen, but not oxygen. Helium is always enhanced, but only by up to ~25% on average because it becomes inaccessible once it is sequestered in the high density core as the star leaves the main sequence. However, portions of the debris associated with the disrupted core of a main sequence star can be enhanced in helium by factors of 2-3 for debris at a common orbital period. These helium abundance variations may be a contributor to the observed diversity of hydrogen and helium line strengths in TDEs. A still more striking anomaly is the rapid enhancement of nitrogen and the depletion of carbon due to the CNO cycle -- stars more massive than the Sun quickly show an increase in their average N/C ratio by factors of 3-10. Because low mass stars evolve slowly and high mass stars are rare, TDEs showing high N/C will almost all be due to 1-2Msun stars disrupted on the main sequence. Like helium, portions of the debris will show still larger changes in C and N, and the anomalies decline as the star leaves the main sequence. The enhanced [N/C] abundance ratio of these TDEs provides the first natural explanation for the rare, nitrogen rich quasars and also explains the strong nitrogen emission seen in ultraviolet spectra of ASASSN-14li.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Predicting Intraoperative Hypoxemia with Hybrid Inference Sequence Autoencoder Networks
Creators: name: Liu, Hanyang
name: Montana, Michael C.
name: Li, Dingwen
name: Renfroe, Chase
name: Kannampallil, Thomas
name: Lu, Chenyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present an end-to-end model using streaming physiological time series to predict near-term risk for hypoxemia, a rare, but life-threatening condition known to cause serious patient harm during surgery. Inspired by the fact that a hypoxemia event is defined based on a future sequence of low SpO2 (i.e., blood oxygen saturation) instances, we propose the hybrid inference network (hiNet) that makes hybrid inference on both future low SpO2 instances and hypoxemia outcomes. hiNet integrates 1) a joint sequence autoencoder that simultaneously optimizes a discriminative decoder for label prediction, and 2) two auxiliary decoders trained for data reconstruction and forecast, which seamlessly learn contextual latent representations that capture the transition from present states to future states. All decoders share a memory-based encoder that helps capture the global dynamics of patient measurement. For a large surgical cohort of 72,081 surgeries at a major academic medical center, our model outperforms strong baselines including the model used by the state-of-the-art hypoxemia prediction system. With its capability to make real-time predictions of near-term hypoxemic at clinically acceptable alarm rates, hiNet shows promise in improving clinical decision making and easing burden of perioperative care.
description: Accepted for CIKM '22
Phase separated behavior in Yttrium doped CaMnO3
Creators: name: Sharma, Neetika
name: Das, A.
name: Prajapat, C. L.
name: Kumar, Amit
name: Singh, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of electron doping on the structural, transport, and magnetic properties of Mn (IV) - rich Ca1-xYxMnO3 (x < 0.2) samples have been investigated using neutron diffraction, neutron depolarization, magnetization and resistivity techniques. The temperature dependence of resistivity follows the small polaron model and the activation energy exhibits a minimum for x=0.1 sample. A phase separated magnetic ground state consisting of ferromagnetic domains (~7microns) embedded in G-type antiferromagnetic matrix is observed in the sample, x = 0.1. The transition to the long range magnetically ordered state in this sample is preceded by a Griffiths phase. On lowering temperature below 300K a structural transition from orthorhombic structure (Pnma) to a monoclinic structure (P21/m) is observed in the case of x=0.2 sample. The ferromagnetic behavior in this case is suppressed and the antiferromagnetic ordering is described by coexisting C-type and G-type magnetic structures corresponding to the monoclinic and orthorhombic phases, respectively.
Concentration Photovoltaic Module Manufacturing and its Performance
Creators: name: Kim, K.-S.
name: Kang, G.-H.
name: Yu, G.-J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 843-844
description: In this paper, we build up the CPV systems using GaAs solar cell which has 20%~26% conversion
efficiency. Making PCB as substrate as a initial experimental, we compare its electrical performance between indoor
and outdoor condition. Ten to twenty times sunlight concentration ratio using Fresnel lens is obtained from the recalculated
result. The detailed explanation is on the following paper.
MPEC 2023-S247 : 2023 SO7
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 SO7

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Charge Storage Stability in Silicon Nitride for Surface Passivation
Creators: name: Ren, Y.
name: Nursam, N.M.
name: Wang, D.
name: Weber, K.J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 73-76
description: The charge storage stability in negatively charged silicon nitride films deposited by Low-pressure
chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD) and Plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) is investigated by
analyzing the influence of storage temperature and post-deposition thermal annealing of the films. High temperature
annealing is found to be able to enhance the charge storage stability for both LPCVD and PECVD films. For PECVD
silicon nitride films, both the charge trapping ability and charge storage ability is significantly better in nitrogen rich
SiNx films than in stoichiometric or Si rich films. The results shown here indicate that under the right deposition and
post-deposition anneal conditions, the negative charge trapped in both LPCVD and PECVD annealed SiNx films is
likely to be sufficiently stable for solar cell applications.
A structured proof of Kolmogorov's Superposition Theorem
Creators: name: Dzhenzher, S.
name: Skopenkov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 26-02, 26B40, 41A29

description: We present a well-structured detailed exposition of a well-known proof of the following celebrated result solving Hilbert's 13th problem on superpositions. For functions of 2 variables the statement is as follows. Kolmogorov Theorem. There are continuous functions $φ_1,\ldots,φ_5 : [\,0, 1\,]\to [\,0,1\,]$ such that for any continuous function $f: [\,0,1\,]^2\to\mathbb R$ there is a continuous function $h: [\,0,3\,]\to\mathbb R$ such that for any $x,y\in [\,0, 1\,]$ we have $$f(x,y)=\sum\limits_{k=1}^5 h\left(φ_k(x)+\sqrt{2}\,φ_k(y)\right).$$ The proof is accessible to non-specialists, in particular, to students familiar with only basic properties of continuous functions.
description: English: 7+8 pages, 1+1 figures, in English and in Russian; exposition improved, Russian version added
Shear-driven instabilities and shocks in the atmospheres of hot Jupiters
Creators: name: Fromang, Sébastien
name: Leconte, Jérémy
name: Heng, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General circulation models of the atmosphere of hot Jupiters have shown the existence of a supersonic eastward equatorial jet. In this paper, we investigate the effects of compressibility on the atmospheric dynamics by solving the standard Euler equations. This is done by means of a series of simulations performed in the framework of the equatorial beta-plane approximation using the finite volume shock-capturing code RAMSES. At low resolution, we recover the classical results described in the literature: we find a strong and steady supersonic equatorial jet of a few km/s that displays no signature of shocks. We next show that the jet zonal velocity depends significantly on the grid meridional resolution. When that resolution is fine enough to properly resolve the jet, the latter is subject to a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. The jet zonal mean velocity displays regular oscillations with a typical timescale of few days and a significant amplitude of about 15% of the jet velocity. We also find compelling evidence for the development of a vertical shear instability at pressure levels of a few bars. It seems to be responsible for an increased downward kinetic energy flux, significantly affecting the temperature of the deep atmosphere, and appears to act as a form of drag on the equatorial jet. This instability also creates velocity fluctuations that propagate upward and steepen into weak shocks at pressure levels of a few mbars. We conclude that hot Jupiter equatorial jets are potentially unstable to both a barotropic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and a vertical shear instability. Upon confirmation using more realistic models, both instabilities could result in significant time variability of the atmospheric winds, may provide a small scale dissipation mechanism in the flow, and might have consequences for the internal evolution of hot Jupiters.
description: 20 pages, 25 figures, accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics, typoe corrected
Periodic Silver Nanoparticles Fabricated with Soft-Stamp Nanoimprint on Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Wang, E.
name: Mokkapati, S.
name: Beck, F.J.
name: Ouyang, Z.
name: Varlamov, S.
name: Catchpole, K.R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 77-81
description: The fabrication of periodic silver nanoparticle arrays has been successfully demonstrated by
adapting nanoimprint lithography. This method has the advantage of good control on the size and shape of the
particles and other advantages such as low fabrication cost, large coverage and robust process. In this study, we
varied the Ag nanoparticle shape by a simple annealing process. The diameter to height ratio was varied from 1:0.3
to 1:1.7. We applied the periodic Ag nanoparticles on the front of a 2mm c-Si cell, which showed EQE
enhancement over long wavelength region (750nm to 1100nm), but also reduction in the short wavelength region
(380nm to 750nm). However, by putting the periodic Ag nanoparticles on the rear, the reduction in the short
wavelength region is eliminated while still maintaining the enhanced EQE in the long wavelength region. A
photocurrent increment of 11% over the spectral region is observed with an EQE enhancement of 300% at
1050nm.
Mo3Ni2N Nanoparticle Generation by Spark Discharge
Creators: name: Elmroth Nordlander, Jonas
name: Bermeo, Marie
name: Ternero, Pau
name: Wahlqvist, David
name: Schmeida, Toni
name: Blomberg, Sara
name: Messing, Maria E.
name: Ek, Martin
name: Hübner, Julia-Maria
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: carrier gas
subject: metal nitrides
subject: nanoparticles
subject: spark discharge
subject: 600

description: Spark ablation is an advantageous method for the generation of metallic nanoparticles with defined particle sizes and compositions. The reaction of the metal particles with the carrier gas during the synthesis and, therefore, the incorporation of those light elements into structural voids or even compound formation was confirmed for hydrides and oxides but has only been suspected to occur for nitrides. In this study, dispersed nanoparticles of Mo3Ni2N and Mo with Janus morphology, and defined particle sizes were obtained by spark discharge generation as a result of carrier gas ionization and characterized using transmission electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. Metal nitrides possess beneficial catalytic and thermoelectric properties, as well as high hardness and wear resistance. Therefore, this method offers the possibility of controlled synthesis of materials which are interesting for numerous applications.
Fine-structure constant constraints on dark energy: II. Extending the parameter space
Creators: name: Martins, C. J. A. P.
name: Pinho, A. M. M.
name: Carreira, P.
name: Gusart, A.
name: López, J.
name: Rocha, C. I. S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Astrophysical tests of the stability of fundamental couplings, such as the fine-structure constant $α$, are a powerful probe of new physics. Recently these measurements, combined with local atomic clock tests and Type Ia supernova and Hubble parameter data, were used to constrain the simplest class of dynamical dark energy models where the same degree of freedom is assumed to provide both the dark energy and (through a dimensionless coupling, $ζ$, to the electromagnetic sector) the $α$ variation. One caveat of these analyses was that it was based on fiducial models where the dark energy equation of state was described by a single parameter (effectively its present day value, $w_0$). Here we relax this assumption and study broader dark energy model classes, including the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder and Early Dark Energy parametrizations. Even in these extended cases we find that the current data constrains the coupling $ζ$ at the $10^{-6}$ level and $w_0$ to a few percent (marginalizing over other parameters), thus confirming the robustness of earlier analyses. On the other hand, the additional parameters are typically not well constrained. We also highlight the implications of our results for constraints on violations of the Weak Equivalence Principle and improvements to be expected from forthcoming measurements with high-resolution ultra-stable spectrographs.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1508.06157, arXiv:1505.02196
Almost Envy-Freeness for Groups: Improved Bounds via Discrepancy Theory
Creators: name: Manurangsi, Pasin
name: Suksompong, Warut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the allocation of indivisible goods among groups of agents using well-known fairness notions such as envy-freeness and proportionality. While these notions cannot always be satisfied, we provide several bounds on the optimal relaxations that can be guaranteed. For instance, our bounds imply that when the number of groups is constant and the $n$ agents are divided into groups arbitrarily, there exists an allocation that is envy-free up to $Θ(\sqrt{n})$ goods, and this bound is tight. Moreover, we show that while such an allocation can be found efficiently, it is NP-hard to compute an allocation that is envy-free up to $o(\sqrt{n})$ goods even when a fully envy-free allocation exists. Our proofs make extensive use of tools from discrepancy theory.
description: Appears in the 30th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), 2021
Research transparency in CSD journals (Schroeder et al., 2022)
Creators: name: Schroeder, Scott R.
name: Gaeta, Laura
name: Amin, Mariam El
name: Chow, Jason C.
name: Borders, James C.
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2022
Subjects: Research, science and technology policy
Speech pathology
Audiology

description: Purpose: To improve the credibility, reproducibility, and clinical utility of research findings, many scientific fields are implementing transparent and open research practices. Such open science practices include researchers making their data publicly available and preregistering their hypotheses and analyses. A way to enhance the adoption of open science practices is for journals to encourage or require submitting authors to participate in such practices. Accordingly, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association’s Journals Program has recently announced their intention to promote open science practices. Here, we quantitatively assess the extent to which several journals in communication sciences and disorders (CSD) encourage or require participation in several open science practices by using the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Factor metric. Method: TOP Factors were assessed for 34 CSD journals, as well as several journals in related fields. TOP Factors measure the level of implementation across 10 open science–related practices (e.g., data transparency, analysis plan preregistration, and replication) for a total possible score of 29 points. Results: Collectively, CSD journals had very low TOP Factors (M = 1.4, range: 0–8). The related fields of Psychology (M = 4.0), Rehabilitation (M = 3.2), Linguistics (M = 1.7), and Education (M = 1.6) also had low scores, though Psychology and Rehabilitation had higher scores than CSD. Conclusion: CSD journals currently have low levels of encouraging or requiring participation in open science practices, which may impede adoption. Schroeder, S. R., Gaeta, L., El Amin, M., Chow, J. C., & Borders, J. C. (2022). Evaluating research transparency and openness in communication sciences and disorders journals. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2022_JSLHR-22-00330 Publisher Note: This article is part of the Forum: Promoting Reproducibility for the Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences.
Directly characterizing the relative strength and momentum dependence of electron-phonon coupling using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering
Creators: name: Devereaux, T. P.
name: Shvaika, A. M.
name: Wu, K.
name: Wohlfeld, K.
name: Jia, C. J.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Moritz, B.
name: Chaix, L.
name: Lee, W. -S.
name: Shen, Z. -X.
name: Ghiringhelli, G.
name: Braicovich, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coupling between lattice and charge degrees of freedom in condensed matter materials is ubiquitous and can often result in interesting properties and ordered phases, including conventional superconductivity, charge density wave order, and metal-insulator transitions. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and both neutron and non-resonant x-ray scattering serve as effective probes for determining the behavior of appropriate, individual degrees of freedom -- the electronic structure and lattice excitation, or phonon dispersion, respectively. However, each provides less direct information about the mutual coupling between the degrees of freedom, usual through self-energy effects, which tend to renormalize and broaden spectral features precisely where the coupling is strong, impacting ones ability to quantitively characterize the coupling. Here we demonstrate that resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, or RIXS, can be an effective tool to directly determine the relative strength and momentum dependence of the electron-phonon coupling in condensed matter systems. Using a diagrammatic approach for an 8-band model of copper oxides, we study the contributions from the lowest order diagrams to the full RIXS intensity for a realistic scattering geometry, accounting for matrix element effects in the scattering cross-section as well as the momentum dependence of the electron-phonon coupling vertex. A detailed examination of these maps offers a unique perspective into the characteristics of electron-phonon coupling, which complements both neutron and non-resonant x-ray scattering, as well as Raman and infrared conductivity.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
Intestinal epithelial barrier integrity investigated by label-free techniques in ulcerative colitis patients
Creators: name: Quansah, Elsie
name: Gardey, Elena
name: Ramoji, Anuradha
name: Meyer-Zedler, Tobias
name: Goehrig, Bianca
name: Heutelbeck, Astrid
name: Hoeppener, Stephanie
name: Schmitt, Michael
name: Waldner, Maximillian
name: Stallmach, Andreas
name: Popp, Jürgen
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: colitis
subject: diagnostic imaging
subject: human
subject: inflammatory bowel disease
subject: intestine
subject: intestine mucosa
subject: pathology
subject: 500
subject: 600

description: The intestinal epithelial barrier, among other compartments such as the mucosal immune system, contributes to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Therefore, any disturbance within the epithelial layer could lead to intestinal permeability and promote mucosal inflammation. Considering that disintegration of the intestinal epithelial barrier is a key element in the etiology of ulcerative colitis, further assessment of barrier integrity could contribute to a better understanding of the role of epithelial barrier defects in ulcerative colitis (UC), one major form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Herein, we employ fast, non-destructive, and label-free non-linear methods, namely coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), second harmonic generation (SHG), two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), and two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging (2P-FLIM), to assess the morpho-chemical contributions leading to the dysfunction of the epithelial barrier. For the first time, the formation of epithelial barrier gaps was directly visualized, without sophisticated data analysis procedures, by the 3D analysis of the colonic mucosa from severely inflamed UC patients. The results were compared with histopathological and immunofluorescence images and validated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to indicate structural alterations of the apical junction complex as the underlying cause for the formation of the epithelial barrier gaps. Our findings suggest the potential advantage of non-linear multimodal imaging is to give precise, detailed, and direct visualization of the epithelial barrier in the gastrointestinal tract, which can be combined with a fiber probe for future endomicroscopy measurements during real-time in vivo imaging.
Series reversion in Calderón's problem
Creators: name: Garde, Henrik
name: Hyvönen, Nuutti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R30, 41A58, 47H14

description: This work derives explicit series reversions for the solution of Calderón's problem. The governing elliptic partial differential equation is $\nabla\cdot(A\nabla u)=0$ in a bounded Lipschitz domain and with a matrix-valued coefficient. The corresponding forward map sends $A$ to a projected version of a local Neumann-to-Dirichlet operator, allowing for the use of partial boundary data and finitely many measurements. It is first shown that the forward map is analytic, and subsequently reversions of its Taylor series up to specified orders lead to a family of numerical methods for solving the inverse problem with increasing accuracy. The convergence of these methods is shown under conditions that ensure the invertibility of the Fréchet derivative of the forward map. The introduced numerical methods are of the same computational complexity as solving the linearised inverse problem. The analogous results are also presented for the smoothened complete electrode model.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures
Steering carbon dioxide reduction toward C–C coupling using copper electrodes modified with porous molecular films
Creators: name: Zhao, Siqi
name: Christensen, Oliver
name: Sun, Zhaozong
name: Liang, Hongqing
name: Bagger, Alexander
name: Torbensen, Kristian
name: Nazari, Pegah
name: Lauritsen, Jeppe Vang
name: Pedersen, Steen Uttrup
name: Rossmeisl, Jan
name: Daasbjerg, Kim
Publisher: name: [London] : Nature Publishing Group UK
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: carbon dioxide
subject: carbon monoxide
subject: catalysis
subject: catalyst
subject: copper
subject: electrochemical method
subject: electrode
subject: ethylene
subject: immobilization
subject: molecular analysis
subject: partial pressure
subject: 500
subject: 540

description: Copper offers unique capability as catalyst for multicarbon compounds production in the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction. In lieu of conventional catalysis alloying with other elements, copper can be modified with organic molecules to regulate product distribution. Here, we systematically study to which extent the carbon dioxide reduction is affected by film thickness and porosity. On a polycrystalline copper electrode, immobilization of porous bipyridine-based films of varying thicknesses is shown to result in almost an order of magnitude enhancement of the intrinsic current density pertaining to ethylene formation while multicarbon products selectivity increases from 9.7 to 61.9%. In contrast, the total current density remains mostly unaffected by the modification once it is normalized with respect to the electrochemical active surface area. Supported by a microkinetic model, we propose that porous and thick films increase both local carbon monoxide partial pressure and the carbon monoxide surface coverage by retaining in situ generated carbon monoxide. This reroutes the reaction pathway toward multicarbon products by enhancing carbon–carbon coupling. Our study highlights the significance of customizing the molecular film structure to improve the selectivity of copper catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction reaction.
The Computational Complexity of ReLU Network Training Parameterized by Data Dimensionality
Creators: name: Froese, Vincent
name: Hertrich, Christoph
name: Niedermeier, Rolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Understanding the computational complexity of training simple neural networks with rectified linear units (ReLUs) has recently been a subject of intensive research. Closing gaps and complementing results from the literature, we present several results on the parameterized complexity of training two-layer ReLU networks with respect to various loss functions. After a brief discussion of other parameters, we focus on analyzing the influence of the dimension $d$ of the training data on the computational complexity. We provide running time lower bounds in terms of W[1]-hardness for parameter $d$ and prove that known brute-force strategies are essentially optimal (assuming the Exponential Time Hypothesis). In comparison with previous work, our results hold for a broad(er) range of loss functions, including $\ell^p$-loss for all $p\in[0,\infty]$. In particular, we extend a known polynomial-time algorithm for constant $d$ and convex loss functions to a more general class of loss functions, matching our running time lower bounds also in these cases.
Theory and Applications of Non-Relativistic and Relativistic Turbulent Reconnection
Creators: name: Lazarian, A.
name: Kowal, G.
name: Takamoto, M.
name: Pino, E. M. de Gouveia Dal
name: Cho, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Realistic astrophysical environments are turbulent due to the extremely high Reynolds numbers. Therefore, the theories of reconnection intended for describing astrophysical reconnection should not ignore the effects of turbulence on magnetic reconnection. Turbulence is known to change the nature of many physical processes dramatically and in this review we claim that magnetic reconnection is not an exception. We stress that not only astrophysical turbulence is ubiquitous, but also magnetic reconnection itself induces turbulence. Thus turbulence must be accounted for in any realistic astrophysical reconnection setup. We argue that due to the similarities of MHD turbulence in relativistic and non-relativistic cases the theory of magnetic reconnection developed for the non-relativistic case can be extended to the relativistic case and we provide numerical simulations that support this conjecture. We also provide quantitative comparisons of the theoretical predictions and results of numerical experiments, including the situations when turbulent reconnection is self-driven, i.e. the turbulence in the system is generated by the reconnection process itself. We show how turbulent reconnection entails the violation of magnetic flux freezing, the conclusion that has really far reaching consequences for many realistically turbulent astrophysical environments. In addition, we consider observational testing of turbulent reconnection as well as numerous implications of the theory. The former includes the Sun and solar wind reconnection, while the latter include the process of reconnection diffusion induced by turbulent reconnection, the acceleration of energetic particles, bursts of turbulent reconnection related to black hole sources as well as gamma ray bursts. Finally, we explain why turbulent reconnection cannot be explained by turbulent resistivity or derived through the mean field approach.
description: 66 pages, 24 figures, a chapter of the book "Magnetic Reconnection - Concepts and Applications", editors W. Gonzalez, E. N. Parker
Unified approach towards the dynamics of optical and electron vortex beams
Creators: name: Bandyopadhyay, Pratul
name: Basu, Banasri
name: Chowdhury, Debashree
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have proposed a unified framework towards the dynamics of optical and electron vortex beams from the perspective of geometric phase and the associated Hall effects. The unification is attributed to the notion that the spin degrees of freedom of a relativistic particle, either massive or massless, is associated with a vortex line. %The formulation in cylindrical coordinates leads to a local vortex structure related to orbital angular momentum(OAM). Based on cylindrical corodinate formulation, which leads to a local vortex structure related to orbital angular momentum (OAM), it can be shown that when electron vortex beams (EVBs) move in an external electric field paraxial beams give rise to OAM Hall effect and non-paraxial beams with tilted vortices initiate spin Hall effect in free space as well as in an external field. A similar analysis reveals that the paraxial optical vortex beams(OVBs) in an inhomogeneous medium induce OAM Hall effect whereas non-paraxial beams with tilted vortices drive the spin Hall effect. Moreover, both OVBs and EVBs with tilted vortices give rise to OAM states with arbitrary fractional value.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.Letts
Uniqueness of complete maximal hypersurfaces in spatially open $(n+1)$-dimensional Robertson-Walker spacetimes with flat fiber
Creators: name: Pelegrín, José A. S.
name: Romero, Alfonso
name: Rubio, Rafael M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53C50, 53C42, 53C80

description: In this paper, under natural geometric and physical assumptions we provide new uniqueness and non-existence results for complete maximal hypersurfaces in spatially open Robertson-Walker spacetimes whose fiber is flat. Moreover, our results are applied to relevant spacetimes as the steady state spacetime, Einstein-de Sitter spacetime and radiation models.
description: 13 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1511.01422, arXiv:1401.7687
Constraining active-sterile neutrino transition magnetic moments at DUNE near and far detectors
Creators: name: Schwetz, Thomas
name: Zhou, Albert
name: Zhu, Jing-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the sensitivity of the DUNE experiment to a heavy neutral lepton, HNL (also known as sterile neutrino) in the mass range from a few MeV to a few GeV, interacting with the Standard Model via a transition magnetic moment to the active neutrinos, the so-called dipole portal. The HNL is produced via the upscattering of active neutrinos, and the subsequent decay inside the detector provides a single-photon signal. We show that the tau-neutrino dipole portal can be efficiently probed at the DUNE far detector, using the tau-neutrino flux generated by neutrino oscillations, while the near detector provides better sensitivity to the electron- and muon-neutrino dipole portal. DUNE will be able to explore large regions of currently unconstrained parameter space and has comparable sensitivity to other planned dedicated experiments, such as SHiP. We also comment briefly on the sensitivity to pure HNL mixing with the tau neutrino at the DUNE far detector.
description: 29 pages, 9 figures; code available at doi.org/10.5445/IR/1000149385 plus auxiliary files at doi.org/10.5445/IR/1000149552
III-V Multijunction Solar Cells – From Current Space and Terrestrial Products to Modern Cell Architectures
Creators: name: Meusel, M.
name: Bensch, W.
name: Fuhrmann, D.
name: Guter, W.
name: Kern, R.
name: Köstler, W.
name: Löckenhoff, R.
name: Strobl, G.
name: Kellenbenz, R.
name: Klinger, V.
name: Siefer, G.
name: Welser, E.
name: Dimroth, F.
name: Bett, A.W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 18-23
description: The standard Ga0.5In0.5P/Ga0.99In0.01As/Ge triple-junction (3J) solar cell is reaching its practical
average efficiency limit of 30% for AM0 and 40% under concentration (xAM1.5d) as can be observed for AZUR’s
latest products for space application (3G30) and CPV (4C40). In addition, AZUR SPACE has developed dense
array modules (ADAM) for dish concentrator application. Regarding modern cell architectures, recent progress by
Fraunhofer ISE and AZUR SPACE is reported, including improved GaInNAs subcells for lattice-matched 4J and 6J
solar cells, 3J MQW cells reaching 30% AM0 efficiency, continuous work on upright metamorphic 3J cells as well
as processing of inverted cell structures. The paper gives a brief overview on these and other new concepts such as
inverted metamorphic 3J and 4J cells and multi-junction solar cells based on semiconductor bonding.
Genuine network quantum nonlocality and self-testing
Creators: name: Šupić, Ivan
name: Bancal, Jean-Daniel
name: Cai, Yu
name: Brunner, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The network structure offers in principle the possibility for novel forms of quantum nonlocal correlations, that are proper to networks and cannot be traced back to standard quantum Bell nonlocality. Here we define a notion of genuine network quantum nonlocality. Our approach is operational and views standard quantum nonlocality as a resource for producing correlations in networks. We show several examples of correlations that are genuine network nonlocal, considering the so-called bilocality network of entanglement swapping. In particular, we present an example of quantum self-testing which relies on the network structure; the considered correlations are non-bilocal, but are local according to the usual definition of Bell locality.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, comments are welcome