Kalloconus berghausi Michelotti 1847
Creators: name: Harzhauser, Mathias
name: Landau, Bernard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Conidae
Kalloconus
Kalloconus berghausi

description: Kalloconus berghausi (Michelotti, 1847)
Figs 3 G1–G2, 8A1–A3, 8B1–B3, 8C, 8D1–D3, 8E,
Conus Berghausi mihi, Michelotti 1847: 342, pl. 13, figs 9–9’.
Conus Berghausi Micht. —Hörnes 1851: 19, pl. 1, figs 3a–c [non fig 3d = Kalloconus hendricksi nov. sp.].
[Dendroconus] [Conus] Vaceki n. f.— Hoernes 1878a: 195 (nomen nudum).
C. [onus] Vaceki — Hoernes 1878b: 206 (nomen nudum).
Conus (Dendroconus) Vaceki nov. form.— Hoernes & Auinger 1879: 22 [nov. nom. pro C. berghausi in Hörnes 1851, pl. 1, fig. 3].
Conus (Dendroconus) subraristriatus da Costa—Hoernes & Auinger 1879: 23 (partim), pl. 1, fig. 22 [non fig. 20 = Lautoconus eschewegi (Pereira da Costa, 1866), non Lautoconus subraristriatus (Pereira da Costa, 1866)].
C.[onus] Auingeri — De Gregorio 1885: 378 [nov. nom. pro Conus subraristriatus in Hoernes & Auinger 1879 pl. 1, fig. 22].
Conus ventricosus Bronn—Friedberg 1911: 60, text-fig. 14 [non Gmelin, 1791, non Bronn, 1831].
Conus Berghausi Micht. var. Vaceki R. Hoern. i Auing.—Friedberg 1911: 62, pl. 3, fig. 5.
Conus Berghausi Micht. —Friedberg 1928: 566, text-fig. 80.
? Conus (Dendroconus) berghausi Michelotti 1847 — Hinculov 1968: 151, pl. 38, figs 8a–b.
Conus (Dendroconus) berghausi Michelotti—Atanacković 1969: 214, pl. 12, figs 17–17b.
Conus (Cleobula) berghausi vaceki Hoernes et Auinger—Nicorici 1972: 70, pl. 17, figs 3–4.
? Conus (Cleobula) berghausi planocylindrica Sacco—Kókay 1996: 457, pl. 4, fig. 2.
Conus (Lithoconus) berghausi Michelotti, 1847 — Bałuk 1997: 58 (partim), pl. 21, figs 3–4.
Conus (Cleobula) berghausi vaceki Hoernes & Auinger—Chira & Voia 2001: 156, pl. 4, figs 5a–b.
Conus (Lithoconus) berghausi Michelotti, 1847 —Harzhauser 2002: 113, pl.10, figs 4–6.
Conus (Lithoconus) berghausi Michelotti, 1847 — Miku 2003: 308, pl. 10, fig. 30.
? Conus (Lithoconus) berghausi Michelotti, 1847 — Miku 2009: 36, pl. 12, fig. 164.
Dendroconus berghausi (Michelotti) — Kovács & Vicián 2013: 66, figs 2, 38–40, 42.
Kalloconus berghausi (Michelotti, 1847) — Landau et al. 2013: 236, pl. 37, figs 6–8, pl. 42, fig. 1; pl. 81, fig. 1.
non Conus (Dendroconus) berghausi Michelotti 1847 —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 215, pl. 51, figs 3a–b [non fig 3d = Kalloconus hendricksi nov. sp.].
non Conus (Cleobula) berghausi vaceki Hoernes & Auinger—Strausz 1962: 147, pl. 71, figs 10–14 [non fig 3d = Kalloconus hendricksi nov. sp.].
non Conus (Cleobula) berghausi vaceki Hoernes & Auinger, 1879 — Strausz 1966: 464, pl. 71, figs 10–14 [non fig 3d = Kalloconus hendricksi nov. sp.].
non Conus (Dendroconus) berghausi Michelotti 1847 —Bohn-Havas 1973: 1124, 11, pl. 9, fig. 10 [non fig 3d = Kalloconus hendricksi nov. sp.].
Type material. The specimen illustrated by Michelotti (1847) is lost. Therefore, Hall (1966) proposed the specimen illustrated by Sacco (1893a, pl. 1, fig. 16) from the late Miocene (Tortonian) of Stazzano in Italy as neotype (stored in the Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, catalogue number BS.039.40.006).
The type locality of Conus vaceki Hoernes & Auinger, 1879 (considered to be junior synonym of C. berghausi) is Niederkreuzstetten (Austria); the type stratum is lower Miocene coastal sand of the Korneuburg Formation.
Studied material. 9 spec. NHMW 1849 /0004/0017, Niederkreuzstetten (Austria), including specimen illustrated in Hörnes (1851, pl. 1, figs 3a–c) and Harzhauser (2002, pl. 10, fig. 5); 5 spec. NHMW 1864 /0001/0498, Niederkreuzstetten (Austria); 1 spec. private collection, Anton Breitenberger, Weitendorf (Austria); 3 spec. NHMW 1856 /0050/0413, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania).
Illustrated material. Figs 8A 1 –A3: Niederkreuzstetten (Austria), SL: 39.1, MD: 28.9 mm, NHMW 1849/ 0004/0017, specimen illustrated in Hörnes (1851, pl. 1, figs 3a–c), syntype of Conus vaceki Hoernes & Auinger, 1879; Figs 8 B1–B3: Niederkreuzstetten (Austria), SL: 32.2, MD: 21.4 mm, NHMW 1864/0001/0498; Fig. 8 C: Niederkreuzstetten (Austria), SL: 31.4, MD: 21.7 mm, NHMW 1849/0004/0017; Figs 8 D1–D3: Weitendorf (Austria), SL: 34.5 mm, MD: 23.4 mm, private collection, Anton Breitenberger (this specimen shows its natural coloration due to heating by basalt flows); Figs. 8 E, 3G1–G2: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania): SL: 42.0 mm, MD: 29.8 mm, NHMW 1856/0050/0413.
Revised description. Medium-sized, stout club-shaped shells; spire low and conical, weakly coeloconoid. Early spire whorls slightly concave with strong spiral cords. Suture impressed, emphasized by two raised cords, resulting in a narrowly channelled suture in some specimens. Spiral cords become obsolete within 3rd–4th spire whorls, which develop broad, irregular swellings along shoulder causing undulations of the shoulder. Subsequent spire whorls smooth, becoming successively more convex. Last whorl distinctly broadening with prominent, rounded shoulder coinciding with maximum diameter. Subsutural flexure shallow, moderately curved, moderately asymmetrical. Last whorl short, conical, not constricted. Aperture moderately wide; slightly widening towards short and straight canal; siphonal fasciole indistinct, short; inner lip short, slightly twisted. Deep spiral grooves demarcate broad spiral cords on base; grooves stop abruptly within lower third of whorl and do not become obsolete adapically. Colour pattern highly variable, consisting of about 13–20 rows of spirally arranged, often subquadratic dots. Size of dots highly variable; small dots tend to be densely spaced, whilst large dots are widely spaced; often two rows of dots form close-spaced pairs separated by wider interspaces from the next pair.
Shell measurements and ratios. n = 14: largest specimen: SL: 44 mm, MD: 31.1 mm, mean SL: 35.0 mm (σ = 5.4), mean MD: 24.3 mm (σ = 4.2), spire angle: µ = 128.0° (σ = 10.2°), last whorl angle: µ = 40.1° (σ = 1.1°), LW: µ = 1.4 (σ = 0.06), RD: µ = 0.75 (σ = 0.04), PMD: µ = 0.87 (σ = 0.03), RSH: µ = 0.08 (σ = 0.04).
Discussion. Despite the numerous papers dealing with this species, no author so far has described the conspicuous sculpture of the early spire whorls with broad shoulder nodules and prominent striae. Similarly, the concave tops of early spire whorls have not been mentioned before. A comparison with specimens from the Tortonian of Modena and Tortona, showed the same features and fully support the identification of the Paratethyan specimens. This species was placed in Kalloconus da Motta, 1991 by Tucker & Tenorio (2009) and Landau et al. (2013). The concave tops do not contradict this assignment as the type species Kalloconus pulcher ([Lightfoot, 1786]) and also K. byssinus (Röding, 1798) —the second extant species included by Tucker & Tenorio (2009) in the genus—have also slightly concave tops. Clear deviation from the diagnosis is the presence of very prominent spiral cords on early spire whorls and the broad nodules. Consequently, either the diagnosis of Kalloconus has to be emended or the Miocene species has to be placed in another genus. Provisionally, we follow Tucker & Tenorio (2009) and tentatively treat the species as Kalloconus.
The colouration of the specimens from Weitendorf (Styria, Austria) seems to reflect the original pattern and several other mollusc species from this site reveal similarly well preserved patterns (NHMW collection). Although we do not know the chemical mechanism, it is likely that heating by a synsedimentary basalt flow (Krainer 1987) was responsible for this preservation.
Distribution in Paratethys. Karpatian (early Miocene): Alpine-Carpathian Foredeep: Niederkreuzstetten (Austria) (Harzhauser 2002); Badenian (middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Steinebrunn (Austria), Mikulov-Kienberk (Czech Republic) (Hörnes 1851; Sieber 1958b); Styrian Basin: Pöls, Weitendorf (Austria) (own data); Carpathian Foredeep: Korytnica, Białogon (Poland) (Friedberg 1911; Bałuk 1997); Pannonian Basin System: Pécsszabolcs, Letkés, Mátraverebély, Sámsonháza, Várpalota, Bánd, Diósd, Hidas, Márkháza, Zebegény, Budapest: Rákos, Illés street (Hungary) (Kovács & Vicián 2013); southern Pannonian Basin: Milijevići (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1969); Transylvanian Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1879); Şimleu Basin: Tusa (Romania) (Nicorici 1972); Caransebeş-Mehadia Basin: Valea Strinii, Valea Bela Reca, Valea Calvei, Valea Satului (Romania); Krka Basin: Orehovica (Slovenia) (Miku 2009).
Proto-Mediterranean Sea and north eastern Atlantic. Burdigalian: Colli Torinesi, Italy (Sacco 1893a; Hall 1966); Langhian and Serravallian: Aquitaine Basin, France (Peyrot 1931); Langhian: Loire Basin (Glibert 1952a); Serravallian: Karaman Basin, Turkey (Landau et al. 2013); Tortonian: Cacela Basin, Portugal (Pereira da Costa 1866); Po Basin, Italy (Sacco 1893a; Davoli 1972, 1990; Ruggieri & Davoli 1984; Caprotti 2011). An occurrence from the Pliocene of Italy mentioned by Sacco (1893a) needs confirmation and is most probably incorrect.
description: Published as part of Harzhauser, Mathias & Landau, Bernard, 2016, A revision of the Neogene Conidae and Conorbidae (Gastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea, pp. 1-178 in Zootaxa 4210 (1) on pages 55-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4210.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/252966