cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dust properties and disk structure of evolved protoplanetary disks in Cep OB2: Grain growth, settling, gas and dust mass, and inside-out evolution
Creators: name: Sicilia-Aguilar, Aurora
name: Henning, Thomas
name: Dullemond, Cornelis P.
name: Patel, Nimesh
name: Juhász, Attila
name: Bouwman, Jeroen
name: Sturm, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Spitzer/IRS spectra of 31 TTS and IRAM/1.3mm observations for 34 low- and intermediate-mass stars in the Cep OB2 region. Including our previously published data, we analyze 56 TTS and the 3 intermediate-mass stars with silicate features in Tr 37 (~4 Myr) and NGC 7160 (~12 Myr). The silicate emission features are well reproduced with a mixture of amorphous (with olivine, forsterite, and silica stoichiometry) and crystalline grains (forsterite, enstatite). We explore grain size and disk structure using radiative transfer disk models, finding that most objects have suffered substantial evolution (grain growth, settling). About half of the disks show inside-out evolution, with either dust-cleared inner holes or a radially-dependent dust distribution, typically with larger grains and more settling in the innermost disk. The typical strong silicate features require nevertheless the presence of small dust grains, and could be explained by differential settling according to grain size, anomalous dust distributions, and/or optically thin dust populations within disk gaps. M-type stars tend to have weaker silicate emission and steeper SEDs than K-type objects. The inferred low dust masses are in a strong contrast with the relatively high gas accretion rates, suggesting global grain growth and/or an anomalous gas to dust ratio. Transition disks (TD) in the Cep OB2 region display strongly processed grains, suggesting that they are dominated by dust evolution and settling. Finally, the presence of rare but remarkable disks with strong accretion at old ages reveals that some very massive disks may still survive to grain growth, gravitational instabilities, and planet formation.
description: 78 pages, 29 figures, 13 tables, ApJ in press
Seems Legit: Automated Analysis of Subtle Attacks on Protocols that use Signatures
Creators: name: Jackson, Daniel
name: Cremers, Cas
name: Cohn-Gordon, Katriel
name: Sasse, Ralf
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: The standard definition of security for digital signatures—existential unforgeability—does not ensure certain properties that protocol designers might expect. For example, in many modern signature schemes, one signature may verify against multiple different public keys. It is left to protocol designers to ensure that these properties do not break protocol security goals, often without success. Modern automated protocol analysis tools are able to prove the absence of large classes of attacks on complex real-world protocols such as TLS 1.3 and 5G. However, their abstraction of signatures assumes much more than existential unforgeability, thereby missing several classes of practical attacks. We give a hierarchy of new symbolic models for signature schemes that captures these subtleties, and thereby allows us to analyse (often unexpected) behaviours of real-world protocols that were previously out of reach of symbolic analysis. We implement our models in the Tamarin Prover, yielding the first way to perform these analyses automatically, and validate them on several case studies. In the process, we find new attacks on DRKey and SOAP’s WS-Security, both protocols which were previously proven secure in traditional symbolic models.
Estimating the maximum safe pumping rate in sloping unconfined coastal aquifers
Creators: name: Sun, Jiazhi
name: Wu, Huiqiang
name: Yin, Jina
name: Lu, Chunhui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Groundwater hydrology
Contaminant hydrology

description: The matlab codes presented here are for Figures 2--4.
Global and local aspects of spectral actions
Creators: name: Iochum, Bruno
name: Levy, Cyril
name: Vassilevich, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The principal object in noncommutatve geometry is the spectral triple consisting of an algebra A, a Hilbert space H, and a Dirac operator D. Field theories are incorporated in this approach by the spectral action principle, that sets the field theory action to Tr f(D^2/Λ^2), where f is a real function such that the trace exists, and Λis a cutoff scale. In the low-energy (weak-field) limit the spectral action reproduces reasonably well the known physics including the standard model. However, not much is known about the spectral action beyond the low-energy approximation. In this paper, after an extensive introduction to spectral triples and spectral actions, we study various expansions of the spectral actions (exemplified by the heat kernel). We derive the convergence criteria. For a commutative spectral triple, we compute the heat kernel on the torus up the second order in gauge connection and consider limiting cases.
description: 22 pages, dedicated to Stuart Dowker on his 75th birthday
Encoding Redundancy for Satisfaction-Driven Clause Learning
Creators: name: Heule, Marijn J. H.
name: Kiesl, Benjamin
name: Biere, Armin
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Satisfaction-Driven Clause Learning (SDCL) is a recent SAT solving paradigm that aggressively trims the search space of possible truth assignments. To determine if the SAT solver is currently exploring a dispensable part of the search space, SDCL uses the so-called positive reduct of a formula: The positive reduct is an easily solvable propositional formula that is satisfiable if the current assignment of the solver can be safely pruned from the search space. In this paper, we present two novel variants of the positive reduct that allow for even more aggressive pruning. Using one of these variants allows SDCL to solve harder problems, in particular the well-known Tseitin formulas and mutilated chessboard problems. For the first time, we are able to generate and automatically check clausal proofs for large instances of these problems.
title: Os direitos fundamentais na constituição portuguesa de 1976
Creators: name: Gouveia, Jorge Bacelar
Publisher: name: Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul
Year: 2015

description: Resumo: A Constituição Portuguesa de 1976 – a sexta lei magna de Portugal e que representa o novo Constitucionalismo Democrático e Social trazido pela Revolução dos Cravos de 25 de Abril de 1974 – apresenta como um dos seus pilares fundamentais o sistema de direitos fundamentais, no qual são evidentes mudanças profundas não apenas numa conceção pluralista e aberta do catálogo dos direitos fundamentais positivado como também na efetividade da sua proteção jurídica contra a subversão que muitas vezes os poderes infraconstitucionais tentam operar no sentido de boicotar a sua realização prática.
description: Bacelar Gouveia, J. (2015). Os direitos fundamentais na constituição portuguesa de 1976. Revista Direito UFMS, 35-85. ISSN 2447-2336.
Response of underground power transmission cables subjected to earthquake induced permanent ground deformation
Creators: name: Ahmadnia, Alireza
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The aim of this study is to evaluate the response of underground power transmission cables subjected to earthquake induced permanent longitudinal and lateral ground movements. The experimental work related to this research involved full-scale physical modeling. The testing facility used for this project comprises a 2.5 m x 3.8 m soil chamber, with the capacity to subject buried transmission cables to large relative displacements. The buried cables were subjected to axial and transverse soil movements, and the corresponding longitudinal and horizontal transverse soil loads were measured. A total of 15 axial pullout tests and 10 lateral pullout tests were conducted for the cable with different burial depths. In the absence of guidelines available for buried underground cables, the results of the full-scale experimental studies, which provide first-hand information on the cable-soil interaction behaviour, were compared with the response predicted from previous research work and also those based on current pipeline design guidelines such as ASCE (1984) to assess the applicability of those guidelines for buried power transmission cables. To better understand the cable-soil interaction behaviour, 3D numerical models were created to simulate the longitudinal and transverse experimental test set-ups. Numerical models, with the help of parameters derived from the laboratory element testing, were calibrated and validated based on the experimental testing. A parametric study was conducted to study the effect of the cable/soil relative stiffness, the material model parameters, burial depths and cable/soil interface friction on the response of buried cables. Furthermore, numerical models were developed to study the effect of out-of-straightness in the cable on the longitudinal soil loads. An analytical procedure, verified with numerical simulation, was developed to calculate the additional axial soil loads on the buried cable with out-of-straightness. Based on the results of experimental and numerical simulation, nonlinear longitudinal and horizontal transverse soil spring models were developed. Then, the response of buried cable subjected to the longitudinal and transverse permanent ground deformation was assessed as a function of different ground deformation parameters. Finally, analytical procedures were also developed for the quick assessment of the response of the buried cable subjected to PGD.
Supermassive black hole formation by the cold accretion shocks in the first galaxies
Creators: name: Inayoshi, Kohei
name: Omukai, Kazuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new scenario for supermassive star (SMS;>10^5Msun) formation in shocked regions of colliding cold accretion flows near the centers of first galaxies. Recent numerical simulations indicate that assembly of a typical first galaxy with virial temperature (~10^4K) proceeds via cold and dense flows penetrating deep to the center, where the supersonic streams collide each other to develop a hot and dense (~10^4K, ~10^3/cc) shocked gas. The post-shock layer first cools by efficient Ly alpha emission and contracts isobarically until 8000K. Whether the layer continues the isobaric contraction depends on the density at this moment: if the density is high enough for collisionally exciting H2 rovibrational levels (>10^4/cc), enhanced H2 collisional dissociation suppresses the gas to cool further. In this case, the layer fragments into massive (>10^5Msun) clouds, which collapse isothermally (~8000K) by the Ly alpha cooling without subsequent fragmentation. As an outcome, SMSs are expected to form and evolve eventually to seeds of supermassive black holes (SMBH). By calculating thermal evolution of the post-shock gas, we delimit the range of post-shock conditions for the SMS formation, which can be expressed as: T>6000K/(n/10^4/cc) for n<10^4/cc and T>5000-6000K for n>10^4/cc, depending somewhat on initial ionization degree. We found that metal enrichment does not affect the above condition for metallicity below 10^-3Zsun if metals are in the gas phase, while condensation of several percent of metals into dust decreases this critical value of metallicity by an order of magnitude. Unlike the previously proposed scenario for SMS formation, which postulates extremely strong ultraviolet radiation to quench H2 cooling, our scenario naturally explains the SMBH seed formation in the assembly process of the first galaxies, even without such a strong radiation.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
The black disk to be observed in the Orear region
Creators: name: Dremin, I. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is argued that the very first signatures of the approach to the black disk asymptotical limit in hadron collisions may be observed in the differential cross section of elastic scattering. The exponentially decreasing with the angle (or $\sqrt {|t|}$) regime beyond the diffraction peak will become replaced by an oscillatory behavior or by the power-like falloff. Some estimates of energies where this can happen are presented.
description: 8 pages, some corrections and refs added
ConfLLVM: A Compiler for Enforcing Data Confidentiality in Low-Level Code
Creators: name: Brahmakshatriya, Ajay
name: Kedia, Piyus
name: Nemati, Hamed
name: McKee, Derrick
name: Bhatu, Pratik
name: Garg, Deepak
name: Lal, Akash
name: Rastogi, Aseem
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: We present a compiler-based scheme for protecting the confidentiality of sensitive data in low-level applications (e.g. those written in C) in the presence of an active adversary. In our scheme, the programmer marks sensitive data by writing lightweight annotations on the top-level definitions in the source code. The compiler then uses a combination of static dataflow analysis and runtime instrumentation to prevent data leaks even in the presence of low-level attacks. To reduce runtime overheads, the compiler uses a novel memory layout and a taint-aware form of control flow integrity. We formalize our scheme and prove its security. We have also implemented our scheme within the LLVM compiler and evaluated it on the CPU-intensive SPEC micro-benchmarks, and on larger, real-world applications, including the NGINX webserver and the OpenLDAP directory server. We find that performance overheads introduced by our instrumentation are moderate (average 12% on SPEC), and the programmer effort to port the applications is minimal.
Privacy-aware eye tracking using differential privacy
Creators: name: Steil, Julian
name: Hagestedt, Inken
name: Huang, Michael Xuelin
name: Bulling, Andreas
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: With eye tracking being increasingly integrated into virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) head-mounted displays, preserving users’ privacy is an ever more important, yet under-explored, topic in the eye tracking community. We report a large-scale online survey (N=124) on privacy aspects of eye tracking that provides the first comprehensive account of with whom, for which services, and to what extent users are willing to share their gaze data. Using these insights, we design a privacy-aware VR interface that uses differential privacy, which we evaluate on a new 20-participant dataset for two privacy sensitive tasks: We show that our method can prevent user re-identification and protect gender information while maintaining high performance for gaze-based document type classification. Our results highlight the privacy challenges particular to gaze data and demonstrate that differential privacy is a potential means to address them. Thus, this paper lays important foundations for future research on privacy-aware gaze interfaces.
Thermodynamics of a Bardeen black hole in noncommutative space
Creators: name: Sharif, M.
name: Javed, Wajiha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we examine the effects of space noncommutativity on the thermodynamics of a Bardeen charged regular black hole. For a suitable choice of sets of parameters, the behavior of the singularity, horizon, mass function, black hole mass, temperature, entropy and its differential, area and energy distribution of the Bardeen solution have been discussed graphically for both noncommutative and commutative spaces. Graphs show that the commutative coordinates extrapolate all such quantities (except temperature) for a given set of parameters. It is interesting to mention here that these sets of parameters provide the singularity (essential for $r_h>0$) and horizon ($f(r_h)=0$ for $r_h>0$) for the black hole solution in noncommutative space, while for commutative space no such quantity exists.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Canadian J. Physics
Efficient Information-Flow Verification under Speculative Execution
Creators: name: Bloem, Roderick
name: Jacobs, Swen
name: Vizel, Yakir
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: We study the formal verification of information-flow properties in the presence of speculative execution and side-channels. First, we present a formal model of speculative execution semantics. This model can be parameterized by the depth of speculative execution and is amenable to a range of verification techniques. Second, we introduce a novel notion of information leakage under speculation, which is parameterized by the information that is available to an attacker through side-channels. Finally, we present one verification technique that uses our formalism and can be used to detect information leaks under speculation through cache side-channels, and can decide whether these are only possible under speculative execution. We implemented an instance of this verification technique that combines taint analysis and safety model checking. We evaluated this approach on a range of examples that have been proposed as benchmarks for mitigations of the Spectre vulnerability, and show that our approach correctly identifies all information leaks.
The Arp 220 merger on kpc scales
Creators: name: König, S.
name: García-Marín, M.
name: Eckart, A.
name: Downes, D.
name: Scharwächter, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the first time we study the Eastern nucleus in greater detail and search for the more extended emission in the molecular gas in different CO line transitions of the famous ULIRG Arp 220. Furthermore we present a model of the merger in Arp 220 on large scales with the help of the CO data and an optical and near-infrared composite HST image of the prototypical ULIRG. Using the Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI) we obtained CO(2-1) and (1-0) data at wavelengths of 1 and 3 mm in 1994, 1996, 1997 and 2006 at different beam sizes and spatial resolutions. The simulations of the merger in Arp 220 were performed with the Identikit modeling tool. The model parameters that describe the galaxy merger best give a mass ratio of 1:2 and result in a merger of ~6x10^8 yrs. The low resolution CO(1-0) PdBI observations suggest that there are indications for emission ~10" towards the south, as well as to the north and to the west of the two nuclei.
description: accepted for publication in ApJ, 14 pages 10 figures
Detection of the Water Reservoir in a Forming Planetary System
Creators: name: Hogerheijde, Michiel R.
name: Bergin, Edwin A.
name: Brinch, Christian
name: Cleeves, L. Ilsedore
name: Fogel, Jeffrey K. J.
name: Blake, Geoffrey A.
name: Dominik, Carsten
name: Lis, Dariusz C.
name: Melnick, Gary
name: Neufeld, David
name: Panic, Olja
name: Pearson, John C.
name: Kristensen, Lars
name: Yildiz, Umut A.
name: van Dishoeck, Ewine F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Icy bodies may have delivered the oceans to the early Earth, yet little is known about water in the ice-dominated regions of extra-solar planet-forming disks. The Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared on-board the Herschel Space Observatory has detected emission from both spin isomers of cold water vapor from the disk around the young star TW Hydrae. This water vapor likely originates from ice-coated solids near the disk surface hinting at a water ice reservoir equivalent to several thousand Earth Oceans in mass. The water's ortho-to-para ratio falls well below that of Solar System comets, suggesting that comets contain heterogeneous ice mixtures collected across the entire solar nebula during the early stages of planetary birth.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures. Corrected typo in reported mass (in g) of detected water vapor reservoir. All conclusions are unchanged
Deep Appearance Maps
Creators: name: Maximov, Maxim
name: Leal-Taixe, Laura
name: Fritz, Mario
name: Ritschel, Tobias
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: We propose a deep representation of appearance, i. e., the relation of color, surface orientation, viewer position, material and illumination. Previous approaches have used deep learning to extract classic appearance representations relating to reflectance model parameters (e. g., Phong) or illumination (e. g., HDR environment maps). We suggest to directly represent appearance itself as a network we call a Deep Appearance Map (DAM). This is a 4D generalization over 2D reflectance maps, which held the view direction fixed. First, we show how a DAM can be learned from images or video frames and later be used to synthesize appearance, given new surface orientations and viewer positions. Second, we demonstrate how another network can be used to map from an image or video frames to a DAM network to reproduce this appearance, without using a lengthy optimization such as stochastic gradient descent (learning-to-learn). Finally, we show the example of an appearance estimation-and-segmentation task, mapping from an image showing multiple materials to multiple deep appearance maps.
Field amplification, vortex formation, and electron acceleration in a plasma protoshock: effect of asymmetric density profile
Creators: name: Murphy, Gareth C.
name: Dieckmann, Mark E.
name: Drury, Luke O'C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma ray bursts (GRBs) are thought to originate from highly relativistic jets. The fireball model predicts internal shocks in the jets, causing magnetic field to be amplified and particles to be accelerated. We model the effects of an asymmetric density configuration for an internal plasma collision in a quasi-parallel magnetic field. We measured electron acceleration and found that a tenuous population of electrons is accelerated to Lorentz factors of \sim 300 - close to energy equipartition with ions. We found that the filaments did not remain static, but were deflected by the Lorentz force and rolled up into small vortices, which themselves merge to form a larger current vortex.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures; Procceedings of the workshop "High Energy Phenomena in Relativistic Outflows III" (HEPRO III), Barcelona, June 27 - July 1, 2011
Photon-number resolving detector based on a series array of superconducting nanowires
Creators: name: Jahanmirinejad, Saeedeh
name: Frucci, Giulia
name: Mattioli, Francesco
name: Sahin, Dondu
name: Gaggero, Alessandro
name: Leoni, Roberto
name: Fiore, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the experimental demonstration of a superconducting photon number resolving detector. It is based on the series connection of N superconducting nanowires, each connected in parallel to an integrated resistor. The device provides a single voltage readout, proportional to the number of photons absorbed in distinct nanowires. Clearly separated output levels corresponding to the detection of n=1-4 photons are observed in a 4-element detector fabricated from an NbN film on GaAs substrate, with a single-photon system quantum efficiency of 2.6% at the wavelength of 1300nm. The series-nanowire structure is promising in view of its scalability to large photon numbers and high efficiencies.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Attributing Fake Images to GANs: Learning and Analyzing GAN Fingerprints
Creators: name: Yu, Ning
name: Davis, Larry
name: Fritz, Mario
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Recent advances in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have shown increasing success in generating photorealistic images. But they also raise challenges to visual forensics and model attribution. We present the first study of learning GAN fingerprints towards image attribution and using them to classify an image as real or GAN-generated. For GAN-generated images, we further identify their sources. Our experiments show that (1) GANs carry distinct model fingerprints and leave stable fingerprints in their generated images, which support image attribution; (2) even minor differences in GAN training can result in different fingerprints, which enables fine-grained model authentication; (3) fingerprints persist across different image frequencies and patches and are not biased by GAN artifacts; (4) fingerprint finetuning is effective in immunizing against five types of adversarial image perturbations; and (5) comparisons also show our learned fingerprints consistently outperform several baselines in a variety of setups.
JStap: A Static Pre-Filter for Malicious JavaScript Detection
Creators: name: Fass, Aurore
name: Backes, Michael
name: Stock, Ben
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Given the success of the Web platform, attackers have abused its main programming language, namely JavaScript, to mount different types of attacks on their victims. Due to the large volume of such malicious scripts, detection systems rely on static analyses to quickly process the vast majority of samples. These static approaches are not infallible though and lead to misclassifications. Also, they lack semantic information to go beyond purely syntactic approaches. In this paper, we propose JStap, a modular static JavaScript detection system, which extends the detection capability of existing lexical and AST-based pipelines by also leveraging control and data flow information. Our detector is composed of ten modules, including five different ways of abstracting code, with differing levels of context and semantic information, and two ways of extracting features. Based on the frequency of these specific patterns, we train a random forest classifier for each module. In practice, JStap outperforms existing systems, which we reimplemented and tested on our dataset totaling over 270,000 samples. To improve the detection, we also combine the predictions of several modules. A first layer of unanimous voting classifies 93% of our dataset with an accuracy of 99.73%, while a second layer--based on an alternative modules' combination--labels another 6.5% of our initial dataset with an accuracy over 99%. This way, JStap can be used as a precise pre-filter, meaning that it would only need to forward less than 1% of samples to additional analyses. For reproducibility and direct deployability of our modules, we make our system publicly available (https://github.com/Aurore54F/JStap).
Scaling and universality in two dimensions: three-body bound states with short-ranged interactions
Creators: name: Bellotti, F. F.
name: Frederico, T.
name: Yamashita, M. T.
name: Fedorov, D. V.
name: Jensen, A. S.
name: Zinner, N. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The momentum space zero-range model is used to investigate universal properties of three interacting particles confined to two dimensions. The pertinent equations are first formulated for a system of two identical and one distinct particle and the two different two-body subsystems are characterized by two-body energies and masses. The three-body energy in units of one of the two-body energies is a universal function of the other two-body energy and the mass ratio. We derive convenient analytical formulae for calculations of the three-body energy as function of these two independent parameters and exhibit the results as universal curves. In particular, we show that the three-body system can have any number of stable bound states. When the mass ratio of the distinct to identical particles is greater than 0.22 we find that at most two stable bound states exist, while for two heavy and one light mass an increasing number of bound states is possible. The specific number of stable bound states depends on the ratio of two-body bound state energies and on the mass ratio and we map out an energy-mass phase-diagram of the number of stable bound states. Realizable systems of both fermions and bosons are discussed in this framework.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables, final version
Pipe-soil interaction aspects in buried extensible pipes
Creators: name: Weerasekara, Lalinda
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The performance of buried pipelines in areas subjected to permanent ground displacements is an important engineering consideration in the gas distribution industry, since the failure of such systems poses a risk to public and property safety. Although, the ground movements and its variations over time can be detected and mapped with reasonable confidence, these data are of little use due to a lack of reliable models to correlate such displacements to the condition of the buried pipe. The objective of this thesis is to develop methods to estimate the pipe performance based on the measured ground displacement. An analytical method was developed to estimate the pipe performance when the pipe is subjected to tensile loading caused by the relative ground movements occurring along the pipe axis. As a part of the derivation, a modified interface friction model was developed considering the increase in friction due to constrained dilation of the soil, and the impact of mean effective stress on soil dilation. This interface friction model was combined with a nonlinear pipe stress–strain model to derive an analytical solution to represent the performance of the pipe. Using the proposed model, axial force, strain, and mobilized frictional length along the pipe can be obtained for a measured ground displacement can be obtained. Large-scale field pipe pullout tests were performed to verify the results of the proposed analytical model, in which good agreements were observed for tests conducted at different soil/burial conditions, displacement rates and pipe properties. Considering the similarities in the axial pullout mechanism, the analytical model was extended to explain the pullout response of geotextiles buried in reinforced soil structures. In this derivation, a new interface friction model was developed for planar members by considering the changes in normal stress due to constrained soil dilation. Another analytical model was derived for the case of a pipe that is subjected to combined loading from axial tension and bending when the initial soil loading is acting perpendicular to the pipe axis. With the direct account of the axial tensile force development, more realistic pipe performance behaviors were obtained as compared to the results obtained from traditional numerical formulations.
Additional file 1 of Salvia-Nelumbinis naturalis improves lipid metabolism of NAFLD by regulating the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway
Creators: name: Liu, Yang
name: Li, Yiping
name: Wang, Jue
name: Yang, Lili
name: Yu, Xiao
name: Huang, Ping
name: Song, Haiyan
name: Zheng, Peiyong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Oxadiazoles for Covid-19?
Creators: name: Sparavigna, Amelia Carolina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Covid-19
Oxadiazoles
Raltegravir
Celebrex
COX-2 inhibition
Oxolamine
Sars-cov-2
N-acetyl neuraminic acid
SARS-COV-2 spikes

description: Oxadiazoles are a class of heterocyclic aromatic chemical compounds, having different isomeric forms. They appear in a variety of pharmaceutical drugs. For instance, we can find the 1,3,4-Oxadiazole ring in antiviral Raltegravir. Moreover, some compounds are given as selective COX-2 inhibitors too. A discussion about Oxolamine, an inhibitor of the formation of N-acetylneuraminic acid, is also proposed. Besides the compounds based on 1,3,4 rings, there exist those with 1,2,4 rings which are reported as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. Therefore, can these drugs have a possible role in the treatment of Covid-19? Or, why can't they be used for?
description: See please the newer version
Resilience of wireless sensor networks
Creators: name: Tseng, Kuan-Chieh Robert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The coverage of a wireless sensor network is a measure of the quality of service. One type of coverage is k-barrier coverage. Given a starting region S and an ending region T , we say that a sensor network has k-barrier coverage with respect to S and T if any S−T path in the surveillance domain must intersect the coverage regions of at least k sensors. In this thesis, we focus on determining the resilience of a wireless sensor network. The resilience is deﬁned to be the minimum number of sensors that need to be removed in order to ensure the existence of a S−T path that does not cross any sensor coverage region. A sensor network with resilience k constitutes a k-barrier coverage. We demonstrate that determining resilience of a wireless sensor network with 2D surveillance domain is NP-hard for the case when the sensor coverage regions are unit line segments. Furthermore, it is possible to extend the reduction to show that the problem remains NP-hard for other types of sensor coverage regions. In general, if the shape of the coverage region is non-symmetric, then determining resilience is NP-hard. We also investigate the problem of determining resilience of a wireless sensor network with 3D surveillance domain. In this case, we show that if the coverage regions of the sensors are unit spheres, then the problem is NP-hard.
Efficient UC Commitment Extension with Homomorphism for Free (and Applications)
Creators: name: Cascudo, Ignacio
name: Damgård, Ivan
name: David, Bernardo
name: Döttling, Nico
name: Dowsley, Rafael
name: Giacomelli, Irene
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Homomorphic universally composable (UC) commitments allow for the sender to reveal the result of additions and multiplications of values contained in commitments without revealing the values themselves while assuring the receiver of the correctness of such computation on committed values. In this work, we construct essentially optimal additively homomorphic UC commitments from any (not necessarily UC or homomorphic) extractable commitment. We obtain amortized linear computational complexity in the length of the input messages and rate 1. Next, we show how to extend our scheme to also obtain multiplicative homomorphism at the cost of asymptotic optimality but retaining low concrete complexity for practical parameters. While the previously best constructions use UC oblivious transfer as the main building block, our constructions only require extractable commitments and PRGs, achieving better concrete efficiency and offering new insights into the sufficient conditions for obtaining homomorphic UC commitments. Moreover, our techniques yield public coin protocols, which are compatible with the Fiat-Shamir heuristic. These results come at the cost of realizing a restricted version of the homomorphic commitment functionality where the sender is allowed to perform any number of commitments and operations on committed messages but is only allowed to perform a single batch opening of a number of commitments. Although this functionality seems restrictive, we show that it can be used as a building block for more efficient instantiations of recent protocols for secure multiparty computation and zero knowledge non-interactive arguments of knowledge.
Oxadiazoles for Covid-19?
Creators: name: Sparavigna, Amelia Carolina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Covid-19
Oxadiazoles
Raltegravir
Celebrex
COX-2 inhibition
Oxolamine

description: Oxadiazoles are a class of heterocyclic aromatic chemical compounds, having different isomeric forms. They appear in a variety of pharmaceutical drugs. For instance, we can find the 1,3,4-Oxadiazole ring in antiviral Raltegravir. Moreover, some compounds are given as selective COX-2 inhibitors too. Besides the compounds based on 1,3,4 rings, there exist those with 1,2,4 rings which are reported as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. Therefore, can these drugs have a possible role in the treatment of Covid-19? Or, why can't they be used for?
description: See please the nwer version
Non-Thermal Emission from Galactic Jets
Creators: name: Bosch-Ramon, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Jets are ubiquitous in the Universe. They are collimated outflows whose origin is associated to an accretion disc and a central object, and can be very powerful non-thermal emitters. Jets form in active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray bursts, microquasars, and young stellar objects. Galactic jets emitting non-thermal emission are typically associated to microquasars, although the jets of massive young stellar objects are also non-thermal sources. The production of non-thermal radiation, in particular radio synchrotron emission, is a clear indication that particle acceleration is taking place in the source, which hints to the generation of photons even at high energies. In this work, we will discuss the emitting sites in, or related to, microquasar jets, and briefly comment on the possibility of high-energy emission in jets from young stellar objects.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, proceedings paper of an invited talk given at the HEPRO 3 meeting held in Barcelona, June 27 - July 1 2011
Особенности антикоррупционного регулирования в политической и финансово-экономической сфере США (Features of anti-corruption regulation in the US political, financial and economic sphere)
Creators: name: Эльдарович, Зульфугарзаде Теймур
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: law

description: В работе проведен анализ основных аспектов выявления и противодействия политической и экономической коррупции в США. Внесены предложения по совершенствованию основных методов противодействия коррупционным проявлениям с учетом американского опыта, применительно к современным условиям глобализации, цифровизации и развития экономики свободного доступа.
Fractional variational calculus for non-differentiable functions, chapter
Creators: name: Malinowska, Agnieszka B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The fractional calculus of variations is now a subject under strong research. Different definitions for fractional derivatives and integrals are used, depending on the purpose under study. In this paper the fractional operators are defined in the sense of Jumarie. This allows us to work with functions which are non-differentiable. We present necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for fractional problems of the calculus of variations with a Lagrangian density depending on the free end-points.
description: 11 pages
Unusual pattern formation on Si(100) due to low energy ion bombardment
Creators: name: Basu, Tanmoy
name: Mohanty, Jyoti Ranjan
name: Som, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper evolution of silicon surface topography, under low energy ion bombardment, is investigated at higher oblique incident angles in the range of 63\degree-83\degree. Si(100) substrates were exposed to 500 eV argon ions. Different surface morphology evolves with increasing angle of incidence. Parallel-mode ripples are observed up to 67\degree which undergo a transition to perpendicular-mode ripples at 80\degree. However, this transition is not a sharp one but undergoes a series of unusual pattern formation at intermediate angles. Complete smoothening of silicon surface is observed at incident angles beyond 80\degree. The observed patterns are attributed to surface confined viscous flow and sputter erosion under ion bombardment.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
Rate-1 Trapdoor Functions from the Diffie-Hellman Problem
Creators: name: Döttling, Nico
name: Garg, Sanjam
name: Hajiabadi, Mohammad
name: Liu, Kevin
name: Malavolta, Giulio
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Trapdoor functions (TDFs) are one of the fundamental building blocks in cryptography. Studying the underlying assumptions and the efficiency of the resulting instantiations is therefore of both theoretical and practical interest. In this work we improve the input-to-image rate of TDFs based on the Diffie-Hellman problem. Specifically, we present: (a)A rate-1 TDF from the computational Diffie-Hellman (CDH) assumption, improving the result of Garg, Gay, and Hajiabadi [EUROCRYPT 2019], which achieved linear-size outputs but with large constants. Our techniques combine non-binary alphabets and high-rate error-correcting codes over large fields.(b)A rate-1 deterministic public-key encryption satisfying block-source security from the decisional Diffie-Hellman (DDH) assumption. While this question was recently settled by Döttling et al. [CRYPTO 2019], our scheme is conceptually simpler and concretely more efficient. We demonstrate this fact by implementing our construction.
Interaction effects on 1D fermionic symmetry protected topological phases
Creators: name: Tang, Evelyn
name: Wen, Xiao-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In free fermion systems with given symmetry and dimension, the possible topological phases are labeled by elements of only three types of Abelian groups, Z_1, Z_2, or Z. For example non-interacting 1D fermionic superconducting phases with S_z spin rotation and time-reversal symmetries are classified by Z. We show that with weak interactions, this classification reduces to Z_4. Using group cohomology, one can additionally show that there are only four distinct phases for such 1D superconductors even with strong interactions. Comparing their projective representations, we find all these four symmetry protected topological phases can be realized with free fermions. Further, we show that 1D fermionic superconducting phases with Z_n discrete S_z spin rotation and time-reversal symmetries are classified by Z_4 when n=even and Z_2 when n=odd; again, all these strongly interacting topological phases can be realized by non-interacting fermions. Our approach can be applied to systems with other symmetries to see which 1D topological phases can be realized by free fermions.
Leveraging Linear Decryption: Rate-1 Fully-Homomorphic Encryption and Time-Lock Puzzles
Creators: name: Brakerski, Zvika
name: Döttling, Nico
name: Garg, Sanjam
name: Malavolta, Giulio
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: We show how to combine a fully-homomorphic encryption scheme with linear decryption and a linearly-homomorphic encryption schemes to obtain constructions with new properties. Specifically, we present the following new results. (1) Rate-1 Fully-Homomorphic Encryption: We construct the first scheme with message-to-ciphertext length ratio (i.e., rate) 1 − σ for σ = o(1). Our scheme is based on the hardness of the Learning with Errors (LWE) problem and σ is proportional to the noise-to-modulus ratio of the assumption. Our building block is a construction of a new high-rate linearly-homomorphic encryption. One application of this result is the first general-purpose secure function evaluation protocol in the preprocessing model where the communication complexity is within additive factor of the optimal insecure protocol. (2) Fully-Homomorphic Time-Lock Puzzles: We construct the first time-lock puzzle where one can evaluate any function over a set of puzzles without solving them, from standard assumptions. Prior work required the existence of sub-exponentially hard indistinguishability obfuscation.
Examining the Biological Significance of Histidine and Aspartic Acid Residues in the Reaction Mechanism of ATP-Citrate Lyase
Creators: name: Singh, Noreen
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: catalytic activity
subject: ATP-citrate lyase
subject: isothermal titration calorimetry
subject: differential scanning fluoriometry
subject: Education--Sciences
subject: Biochemistry

description: ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) synthesizes acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate from citrate, CoA and ATP, with citryl-CoA as an intermediate. Current insight into the mechanism of cleavage of citryl-CoA is based on sequence similarity of ACLY to citrate synthase (CS). Histidine and aspartic acid that are active site residues in CS are conserved in ACLY. Based on the hypothesis that these two amino acid residues are needed for catalytic activity, these residues were mutated to alanine in ACLY from Chlorobium limicola (bACLY). Enzymatic assays of the mutants H491αA showed 64% decrease in specific activity compared to wild-type; while D543αA and double-mutant (H491αA, D543αA) were not active. Biophysical analyses, including kinetics assays, isothermal titration calorimetry and differential scanning fluoriometry, were done to determine whether the mutated residues altered the enzyme’s structural conformation. Results from biophysical analyses suggest that the reduction in specific activity was due to the loss of side-chain and not a conformational change. Therefore, H491αA and D543αA in bACLY are involved in maintaining maximum catalytic activity.
A garbage collector & free space compactor for the parallax storage system
Creators: name: Abdul-Amir, Mohammad
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Parallax is a distributed storage system for virtualized environments. It provides virtual disk abstractions for the consumption of virtual machines. Parallax’s design has been driven by emerging trends in virtualized deployments. The system makes use of Copy-on-Write mechanisms to provide primitives for fast snapshotting and provisioning of disks in order to match the nimbleness and agility of virtual machines. However, using Copy-on-Write mechanisms in a distributed storage system complicates free space reclamation and leads to data fragmentation. Implementing a garbage collector and a disk defragmentation utility for Parallax has been attempted previously. The work described in this thesis presents a revised implementation of garbage collection for Parallax. It also introduces a utility for managing free space reclaimed from garbage collection, namely a fault-tolerant free space coalescing utility that aims at minimizing the occurrence of data fragmentation - and its adverse effects - in Parallax.