cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Investigation into synthetic amphiphilic polymers for intracellular delivery
Creators: name: Roebuck, Deborah Anne
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Delivery of siRNA therapeutics to their target site within the cell interior is a challenge that hinders their effective use in disease treatment. PP-75, a pH-responsive polymer, demonstrates potential to enhance intracellular siRNA-delivery by overcoming endosomal entrapment. PP-75 also provides a promising platform for development of targeted delivery, following conjugation of DARPin targeting ligands. Novel PP-75 cross-linker derivatives, PP-75-aminofluorescein, PP-75-siRNA and PP-75-DARPin conjugates have been developed and characterised for in vitro application. PP-75 delivery to SK-BR-3 (Her2+) and MDA-MB-231 (Her2-) breast cancer cells has been demonstrated for the first time. The membrane-lytic activity of PP-75 was limited at physiological pH but effective within the pH range typical of early endosomes. PP-75 did not demonstrate cytoxicity, with cells tolerating treatments up to 2.5 mg/mL over 72 h. Cellular internalisation and endosomal escape of PP-75 aminofluorescein (AFC) was confirmed via confocal microscopy, demonstrated by diffuse cytoplasmic delivery. Flow cytometry confirmed cellular internalisation of PP-75 AFC was via endocytosis. As reporter cells expressing firefly and Renilla luciferases, the breast cancer lines offered a robust assay read out capable of distinguishing between target specific and non-specific gene knockdown. The functionality of novel siRNA payloads that targeted firefly luciferase was confirmed by mRNA and protein knockdown and provided the foundation for delivery of PP-75 siRNA conjugates. Target specific DARPin affinity was confirmed for the SK-BR-3 (Her2+) cells and not MDA-MD-231 (Her2-) cells, demonstrating selective binding to the extracellular Her2 protein. The expression of a novel but structurally comparable negative control DARPin (5K D1) demonstrated no affinity for either cell line. The introduction of a free cysteine residue to the DARPin sequences facilitated attachment onto PP-75. PP-75 therefore has the potential to demonstrate intracellular delivery of siRNA payloads, capable of delivery to specific cell populations via DARPin targeting.
Spectral interferometric microscopy reveals absorption by individual optical antennas from extinction phase
Creators: name: Gennaro, Sylvain Damien
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: In this thesis, we aim to understand how individual metallic nano-antennas can mediate the interaction of light with matter at optical frequencies. Firstly, we assess optical antennas in a focussed beam configuration and confirm recent theoretical predictions of extremely strong extinction by a dipole in a focussed beam. Our result reveals the practical limitation of focus - position related distortions in the extinction spectra due to the chromatic aberration of our microscopy system. From this insight, we develop a systematic approach to retrieve the longitudinal chromatic focal shift of our high NA microscope objectives using optical antennas. Secondly, we develop a novel spectral interferometric microscope (SIM) to measure over an octave the spectral transmission phase of an optical antenna. With this capability, we show how to extract the contributions of absorption and scattering to the total extinction from the transmission amplitude and phase of an antenna. As examples, we study the condition of critical coupling with gold discs and clarify the mechanism of Fano interference in a multi-particle ‘dimer’ antenna. Here, we were able to observe the residual absorption caused by Fano interference, which has not been observed before in experiments. Thirdly, we study a range of multi-resonant antenna configurations to expose the mechanism of SHG from metallic nano-structures. We show that the radiation phase of our optical antennas plays an important role in boosting SHG efficiency of an optical antenna. Finally, we assess the validity of the Rayleigh – Debye – Gans – Born approximation, which we used to assess the absorption and scattering of optical antennas. This involves direct methods to assess scattering and absorption in antennas. In particular, we investigate ultrashort laser pulse-induced heating of electrons in gold disc antennas.
Subcritical water extraction methods for future Mars missions
Creators: name: Luong, Duy Tony
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: The discovery of water ice by the Phoenix Mars lander in 2008 and gypsum by Opportunity Rover in 2011 provides evidence that Mars was once a wet environment and therefore it could have sustained life in the past. Subsurface microbial life may be thriving on present Mars. The use of pyrolysis to liberate potential organic matter on Mars is known to cause mineral matrix – analytes interaction and result in total absence of detectable compounds. Solvent based extraction techniques were explored as alternatives to conventional pyrolysis for future Mars missions. Subcritical water extraction outperformed surfactant extraction but lagged behind organic solvent extraction where Martian regolith analogue was used. The study also showed that the optimum conditions of subcritical water extraction are an extraction temperature of 300 oC and an extraction duration of 20 minutes. Molecular transformations under hot aqueous conditions were also observed in the same study, for instance, the structural change of anthracene to aromatic diketone. Subcritical water extraction of organic matter bearing sedimentary rocks produced a range of organic compounds diagnostic of microbial and plant materials. The outcomes of subcritical water extraction of sedimentary rocks can help predict the subcritical water treatment responses of biotic chemical classes that may still survive on Mars. The chemical structures of plant organic compounds are similar to chemical structures of meteoritic macromolecules and the results of subcritical water extraction of type III organic matter can help distinguish the abiotic organic compounds from the biotic hydrocarbons on Mars. Further subcritical water experimentation using sulphate and iron rich samples collected from a low pH environment demonstrated the habitability of sulphate and iron rich environments on Mars and the capability of subcritical water system to isolate useful organic biosignatures from an active microbial community with inputs of plant materials. A comparison between two different extraction modes of subcritical water showed the superior performance of the static mode compared to dynamic extraction. Heavy oil sand extraction using subcritical water provided further evidence of the usefulness of subcritical water technology beyond the realm of space research.
Reminiscences of Max Weber, 1958
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Painters
Painting--Technique
Painting--History
Art, Modern--20th century
Art criticism
Art museums

description: Career as painter; studies with Arthur Dow, Jean Laurens, and Henri Matisse; travel in Europe; experiences with Alfred Stieglitz; art critics, juries, and galleries in United States; views on paintings and painters, past and present. Includes 30 illustrations
Hubble Space Telescope Images of Magellanic Cloud Planetary Nebulae: Data and Correlations across Morphological Classes
Creators: name: Stanghellini, L.
name: Blades, J. C.
name: Osmer, S. J.
name: Barlow, M. J.
name: Liu, X. -W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The morphology of planetary nebulae (PNe) provides an essential tool for understanding their origin and evolution, as it reflects both the dynamics of the gas ejected during the TP-AGB phase, and the central star energetics. Here we study the morphology of 27 Magellanic Cloud planetary nebulae (MCPNe) and present an analysis of their physical characteristics across morphological classes. Similar studies have been successfully carried out for galactic PNe, but were compromised by the uncertainty of individual PN distances. We present our own HST/FOC images of 15 Magellanic Cloud PNe (MCPNe) acquired through a narrow-band lambda 5007 [O III] filter. We use the Richardson-Lucy deconvolution technique on these pre-COSTAR images to achieve post-COSTAR quality. Three PNe imaged before and after COSTAR confirm the high reliability of our deconvolution procedure. We derive morphological classes, dimensions, and surface photometry for all these PNe. We have combined this sample with HST/PC1 images of 15 MCPNe, three of which are in common with the FOC set, acquired by Dopita et al. (1996), to obtain the largest MCPN sample ever examined from the morphological viewpoint. By using the whole database, supplemented with published data from the literature, we have analyzed the properties of the MCPNe and compared them to a typical, complete galactic sample. Morphology of the MCPNe is then correlated with PN density, chemistry, and evolution.
description: text file lstanghe_mcpn.tex (LaTex); Figures 2 through 10, Figure 5 is in 3 parts (a,b,c); Figure 1 available by regular mail only; ApJ, in press, November 10, 1998
Modelling and linear feedback control of bluff body flows
Creators: name: Flinois, Thibault
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: The unsteady separated wakes that develop downstream of vehicles, buildings, and other bluff objects are the source of many environmental, safety, and performance concerns. Feedback flow control has the ability to deeply modify the dynamics of these flows in ways that often surpass other approaches. In this thesis, we focus on two complementary feedback control strategies and show that they can be readily applied to a wide range of bluff body flows in order to reduce their drag and wake fluctuations. The goal of the first approach is to stabilise an unstable steady state of the flow. It relies on models that are generated either with balanced proper orthogonal decomposition or the eigensystem realisation algorithm. Although these two modelling techniques were designed exclusively for stable systems, we show from a theoretical perspective that they can be applied directly to unstable systems such as bluff body flows and yield accurate models. Using the flow over a D-shaped body at low Reynolds numbers as a test case, we then demonstrate that only a standard nonlinear flow solver is required to design robust stabilising controllers using H-infinity loop-shaping. In the second approach, we do not assume that full flow stabilisation is possible. Instead, we reduce the losses associated with unsteady flow structures in the near wake by attenuating the fluctuations measured with a body-mounted sensor. To this end, large eddy simulations are used to simulate the three-dimensional flow over a backward-facing step with side walls. A linear input-output model is then obtained in the frequency domain using harmonic forcing, and this model is used to design controllers that target specific frequency ranges. We show that all controllers are able to suppress fluctuations as predicted by linear theory and that this leads to an increase in the time-averaged base pressure. Encouraging results were thus obtained computationally with these two approaches. The next steps will now be to apply these model-based linear feedback control techniques experimentally and to more complex and higher Reynolds number flows.
The Analytic Bootstrap for Large $N$ Chern-Simons Vector Models
Creators: name: Aharony, Ofer
name: Alday, Luis F.
name: Bissi, Agnese
name: Yacoby, Ran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three-dimensional Chern-Simons vector models display an approximate higher spin symmetry in the large $N$ limit. Their single-trace operators consist of a tower of weakly broken currents, as well as a scalar $σ$ of approximate twist $1$ or $2$. We study the consequences of crossing symmetry for the four-point correlator of $σ$ in a $1/N$ expansion, using analytic bootstrap techniques. To order $1/N$ we show that crossing symmetry fixes the contribution from the tower of currents, providing an alternative derivation of well-known results by Maldacena and Zhiboedov. When $σ$ has twist $1$ its OPE receives a contribution from the exchange of $σ$ itself with an arbitrary coefficient, due to the existence of a marginal sextic coupling. We develop the machinery to determine the corrections to the OPE data of double-trace operators due to this, and to similar exchanges. This in turns allows us to fix completely the correlator up to three known truncated solutions to crossing. We then proceed to study the problem to order $1/N^2$. We find that crossing implies the appearance of odd-twist double-trace operators, and calculate their OPE coefficients in a large spin expansion. Also, surprisingly, crossing at order $1/N^2$, implies non-trivial $O(1/N)$ anomalous dimensions for even-twist double-trace operators, even though such contributions do not appear in the four-point function at order $1/N$ (in the case where there is no scalar exchange). We argue that this phenomenon arises due to operator mixing. Finally, we analyse the bosonic vector model with a sextic coupling without gauge interactions, and determine the order $1/N^2$ corrections to the dimensions of twist-$2$ double-trace operators.
description: 19 pages + appendices, v2: minor corrections, corrected statement about mixing
Watching dynamics and assembly of spliceosomal complexes at single molecule resolution
Creators: name: Warnasooriya, Chandani Manoja
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Splicing plays a major role in eukaryotic gene expression by processing pre-mRNA to form mature mRNA. Splicing is catalysed by the spliceosome; a ribonucleoprotein complex consisting of five small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and over 100 proteins. Proper assembly of spliceosomal components is critical for its function, and thus assembly defects can be lethal. Several diseases have been associated with splicing defects, such as cancer (breast cancer, leukaemia), cystic fibrosis, duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and taybi-linder syndrome (TALS). Studying the structural dynamics and distinct functions of snRNA complexes and the factors that affect the stability of those complexes provides an overall idea regarding the structure and function of the spliceosome, which can guide us to discover novel therapeutics for splicing related diseases. Hence, the aim of this study is employing smFRET technique to monitor the structural dynamics and assembly of snRNA complexes and the effect of protein factors on those dynamics with single molecule resolution. Three specific aims have been addressed in this thesis work to achieve the main goal. The first part of this study is focused on understanding how spliceosomal components are recycled. This work shows that binding of Prp24; U6 snRNP specific protein unwinds U2 from U2/U6 complex and stabilizes U6 at a low FRET conformation, suggesting a novel role for Prp24 as a recycling factor. The second part of this study is focused on understanding the assembly of sub-spliceosomal complexes and their global structure. This work shows that although the binding of individual proteins slightly changes the conformation of U4/U6 duplex; overall it maintains a rigid structure. This suggests that the U4/U6 adopts a preformed conformation and act as a scaffold for protein binding, while preventing U6 from premature activation. The third part of this study is focused on understanding structural and functional similarities between minor and major spliceosomal complexes. This work shows that minor spliceosomal U12/U6atac complex adopts a conformation similar to the three-helix junction structure of major spliceosomal U2/U6.
Additional file 2: of Characterization of the bacterial communities on recent Icelandic volcanic deposits of different ages
Creators: name: Byloos, Bo
name: Monsieurs, Pieter
name: Mysara, Mohamed
name: Leys, Natalie
name: Boon, Nico
name: Houdt, Rob Van
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Table S2. Diversity indexes for each of the sampled sites calculated for the complete and subsampled data. (DOCX 20 kb)
Additional file 2: of Risk patterns of lung cancer mortality in northern Thailand
Creators: name: Apinut Rankantha
name: Imjai Chitapanarux
name: Donsuk Pongnikorn
name: Sukon Prasitwattanaseree
name: Walaithip Bunyatisai
name: Patumrat Sripan
name: Patrinee Traisathit
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Table S1. Relative risks of lung cancer mortality in each district. (DOCX 26 kb)
People in Data
Creators: name: Karoune, Emma
name: Mallon, Annie
name: Matser, Vera
name: Santos, Luis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This lightning talk was given at the Collaborations Workshop 2024. 

The talk advertises a new project based at The Alan Turing Institute called 'People in Data'. 

Our project aims to convene an open community of data professionals, which promotes a culture that values and prioritises data and recognises people that work in data roles as essential to research.We have three objectives:

1: Convene and promote an open community of Data Professionals across the UK’s data science ecosystem – People in Data.

2: Data Skills and Capacity Building across the People in Data community.

3: Develop a business case for how to sustain this network to continue supporting and developing the UK technical workforce in data professional roles.

To achieve these aims, we will work with a wide range of data science organisations from across the UK including Universities, Research Institutes, Professional societies, Government bodies and Industry. Current partners include ELIXIR-UK, Health Data Research UK and Natural History Museum.

Find out more on our webpage: https://www.turing.ac.uk/research/research-projects/people-data
Towards controlling the coercivity in molecular thin films for spintronic applications
Creators: name: Tseng, Hsiang-Han
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Organic semiconductors have attracted worldwide interest for the past two decades. The properties of these molecules can be easily manipulated and exploited, and furthermore benefit from chemical versatility, mechanical flexibility and low cost. This has led to a remarkable success in the field of plastic electronics and molecules have found numerous device applications such as photovoltaic cells (PV), organic light emitting diode (OLED), organic field effect transistor (OFET) and sensors. Organic semiconductors have recently become of considerable interest for spintronic applications, due to the long spin relaxation times and magneto-resistive effects observed in these systems. In order to fully exploit the advantages of these molecules for spintronic applications, it is essential to explore molecular routes towards all organic spin valves and search for molecule-based magnets as alternatives to conventional spin injector/detector such as La0.67Sr0.33 MnO3 (LMSO) and Co. The scope of this thesis is to investigate the way to control the functional properties and in particular the magnetic interactions and coercivities in molecular thin films, with an emphasis on the charge-transfer salt, [MnTPP][TCNQ], and a ferromagnetic system, FePc (including mixed H2Pc:FePc), respectively, fabricated by organic molecular beam deposition (OMBD). Although the magnetic couplings are currently limited to cryogenic temperature, it is shown that it is possible to engineer exotic physical properties in these mixed films, where the magnetism seen as an intrinsic property to the functional molecules shows a strong dependence on the local chemical structure and spatial displacement for the magnetic ions, which can be manipulated by addition of electron acceptor and non-magnetic substituent. Compared to conventional magnetic semiconductors, this approach is a molecular route towards tuneable magnetic properties, allowing one to directly control the magnetic interactions by varying the film composition via co-deposition, a desirable property that is obtained in the film form and readily exploited in all organic spintronic applications.
Robot-assisted fMRI assessment of early brain development
Creators: name: Allievi, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Preterm birth can interfere with the intra-uterine mechanisms driving cerebral development during the third trimester of gestation and often results in severe neuro-developmental impairments. Characterizing normal/abnormal patterns of early brain maturation could be fundamental in devising and guiding early therapeutic strategies aimed at improving clinical outcome by exploiting the enhanced early neuroplasticity. Over the last decade the morphology and structure of the developing human brain has been vastly characterized; however the concurrent maturation of brain function is still poorly understood. Task-dependent fMRI studies of the preterm brain can directly probe the emergence of fundamental neuroscientific notions and also provide clinicians with much needed early diagnostic and prognostic information. To date, task-fMRI studies of the preterm population have however been hampered by methodological challenges leading to inconsistent and contradictory results. In this thesis I present a modular and flexible system to provide clinicians and researchers with a simple and reliable solution to deliver computer-controlled stimulation patterns to preterm infants during task-fMRI experiments. The system is primarily aimed at studying the developing sensori-motor system as preterm infants are often affected by neuro-motor dysfunctions such as cerebral palsy. Wrist and ankle robotic stimulators were developed and firstly used to study the emerging somatosensory “homunculus”. The wrist robotic stimulator was then used to characterize the development of the sensori-motor system throughout the mid-to-late preterm period. An instrumented pacifier system was also developed to explore the potential sensorimotor modulation of early sucking activity; however, despite its clear potential to be employed in future fMRI studies, results have not yet been obtained on preterm infants. Functional difficulties associated with prematurity are likely to extend to multi-sensory integration, and the olfactory system currently remains under-investigated despite its clear developmental importance. A custom olfactometer was developed and used to assess its early functionality.
Rhamnus zizyphus Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Rosales
Rhamnaceae
Rhamnus
Rhamnus zizyphus

description: Rhamnus zizyphus, spec. nov.
 10. Rhamnus aculeis geminatis rectis, floribus digynis, foliis ovato-oblongis. Hort. cliff. 69. Mat. med. 74. Roy. lugdb. 224. Sauv. monsp.59.
 Jujuba sylvestris. Bauh. pin. 446.
 Zizyphus. Dod. pempt. 807.
 β. Jujubae majores oblongae. Bauh. pin. 446.
 Habitat in Europa australi. ♄
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on pages 194-195, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
Total knee replacements: design and pre-clinical testing methods
Creators: name: Halewood, Camilla
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Total knee replacement (TKR) is a common and successful treatment for severe osteoarthritis of the knee. However, a large minority of people remain dissatisfied after the operation, despite adequate pain relief. Over 50 designs of TKR are used in the UK each year, but differentiating between these devices in terms of patient function and making the right choice for each patient remains challenging. The aim of this research was to characterise designs of TKR in the laboratory, using pre-clinical testing methods, in order to better understand TKR function, and make suggestions for improved implant design and testing. Conventional, medial-pivot, guided-motion and bicruciate retaining (BCR) TKRs were tested. Standard ASTM test methods used for CE-marking purposes were demonstrated to differentiate between devices, but did not produce enough information to adequately understand how a new device will behave clinically, or what the potential benefits of a new device would be to patients. Guided-motion devices are meant to replicate normal knee motion, but there has been concern that they might cause too much rotation of the knee, leading to anterolateral knee pain. Results from cadaveric testing suggest that they do not adequately mimic normal knee motion and small design changes may have little impact on performance. A BCR TKR, designed to improve stability in the replaced knee joint, was also tested. Knee kinematics were measured for three design phases and surgical feasibility was also assessed for this more complicated procedure. BCR TKR was shown to lead to more normal levels of anteroposterior tibiofemoral laxity, compared to a conventional, anterior-cruciate-ligament-sacrificing TKR. Inherent variability between people’s anatomy and osteoarthritis pathology suggests there will never be a single, perfect, TKR, but more comprehensive pre-clinical testing could improve the regulatory approval process and inform better device selection, leading to improved patient outcomes.
Inverse seesaw and dark matter in a gauged ${\rm B-L}$ extension with flavour symmetry
Creators: name: Biswas, Anirban
name: Choubey, Sandhya
name: Khan, Sarif
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a model which generates neutrino masses by the inverse seesaw mechanism, provides a viable dark matter candidate and explains the muon ($g-2$) anomaly. The Standard Model (SM) gauge group is extended with a gauged U(1)$_{\rm B-L}$ as well as a gauged U(1)$_{\rm L_μ - L_τ}$. While U(1)$_{\rm L_μ - L_τ}$ is anomaly free, the anomaly introduced by U(1)$_{\rm B-L}$ is cancelled between the six SM singlet fermions introduced for the inverse seesaw mechanism and four additional chiral fermions introduced in this model. After spontaneous symmetry breaking the four chiral fermionic degrees of freedom combine to give two Dirac states. The lightest Dirac fermion becomes stable and hence the dark matter candidate. We focus on the region of the parameter space where the dark matter annihilates to the right-handed neutrinos, relating the dark matter sector with the neutrino sector. The U(1)$_{\rm L_μ - L_τ}$ gauge symmetry provides a flavour structure to the inverse seesaw framework, successfully explaining the observed neutrino masses and mixings. We study the model parameters in the light of neutrino oscillation data and find correlation between them. Values of some of the model parameters are shown to be mutually exclusive between normal and inverted ordering of the neutrino mass eigenstates. Moreover, the muon ($g-2$) anomaly can be explained by the additional contribution arising from U(1)$_{\rm L_μ - L_τ}$ gauge boson.
description: 30 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables, minor changes in the text, conclusion remains unchanged, version published in JHEP
Establishing a Search for $b \rightarrow s \ell^{+} \ell^{-}$ Anomalies at the LHC
Creators: name: Afik, Yoav
name: Cohen, Jonathan
name: Gozani, Eitan
name: Kajomovitz, Enrique
name: Rozen, Yoram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the fundamental predictions of the Standard Model is Lepton Flavour Universality. Any deviation from this prediction would indicate the existence of physics beyond the Standard Model. Recent LHCb measurements present a pattern of deviations from this prediction in rare B-meson decays. While not yet statistically significant (currently $2.2-2.6 σ$), these measurements show an imbalance in the ratio of B-meson decays to a pair of muons in association with a Kaon and decays to a pair of electrons in association with a Kaon. If the measured deviations are indeed present in nature, new physics may mediate interactions involving a pair of same flavour leptons, a $b$- and an $s$-quark. We present the prospect for a search of new physics in this type of interactions at the LHC, in a process that involves an $s$-quark, and a final state with two leptons and a $b$-jet. The proposed search can improve the sensitivity to new physics in these processes by a factor of four compared to current searches with in the total dataset expected at the LHC.
Additional file 3: of Vaginal birth after caesarean birth in Italy: variations among areas of residence and hospitals
Creators: name: Colais, Paola
name: Bontempi, Katia
name: Pinnarelli, Luigi
name: Piscicelli, Carlo
name: Mappa, Ilenia
name: Fusco, Danilo
name: Davoli, Marina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Comorbidities included in a model to predict VBAC. The document contains the list of comorbidities included in the regression model and the associated Crude OR, adjusted OR and p-value. (DOCX 16 kb)
Modelling the ultrasonic response from rough defects using efficient finite element modelling techniques
Creators: name: Pettit, James Richard
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: The work of this Engineering Doctorate addresses the research and development of efficient Finite Element (FE) modelling techniques for calculating the ultrasonic response from rough defects for Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) applications specific to the nuclear power generation industry. The project has been carried out in collaboration with Imperial College London and Rolls-Royce allowing for the transfer of novel academic research into an applied industrial context. Within the UK nuclear power generation industry, one of the fundamental principles of regulation and operation is a robust safety culture where the highest levels of quality assurance are applied to safety critical components. This principle places a requirement on NDE to deploy reliable and accurate inspections to ensure the structural integrity of the plant and its components. To achieve this goal, modelling techniques can be used to aid in the design and justification of ultrasonic NDE inspections. For smooth, relatively large defects, analytical methods can provide an accurate scattering solution; however, for more realistic rough defects, the limitations of these methods are only applicable for specialised cases of roughness. Defects which possess rough surfaces greatly affect ultrasonic wave scattering behaviour. Ultrasonic NDE inspections of safety-critical components rely upon this response for detecting and sizing flaws. Reliable characterisation is crucial, so it is essential to find an accurate means to predict any reductions in signal amplitude. An extension of Kirchhoff theory has formed the basis for many practical applications; however, it is widely recognised that these predictions are pessimistic owing to analytical approximations. As a result, NDE inspections can be overly sensitive, meaning that small and insignificant indications are incorrectly classed as being potentially hazardous defects. This increases the likelihood of making false-calls and incurring unnecessary expenditure to the programme. A numerical full field modelling approach does not fall victim to such limitations, and therefore, FE modelling techniques have been developed to deliver a non-conservative methodology for the prediction of expected back-scattering from rough defects. This has been achieved in two parts: improved performance of absorbing boundary methods for use with commercial FE codes, and application of domain linking algorithms to NDE inspection problems. This thesis presents the development of these methods and their application to industrial NDE inspections. Ultimately, the findings of this work will aid in establishing more reliable, less conservative, reporting thresholds for the inspection of power plant components, reducing false call rates and therefore any unnecessary expenditure.
The structure and evolution of interplanetary coronal mass ejections observed by MESSENGER and Venus Express
Creators: name: Good, Simon William
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: ICMEs observed by the MESSENGER and Venus Express spacecraft have been catalogued and analysed. The ICMEs were identified by smooth rotations of the B-field direction consistent with a flux rope structure, coinciding with an enhanced field strength. Thirty-five ICMEs were found in the surveyed MESSENGER data (~March 2007 to April 2012), and eighty-four ICMEs in the surveyed Venus Express data (May 2006 to December 2013). Ropes with northward leading edges were four times more common than ropes with southward leading edges, in agreement with a previously established solar cycle dependence. Ropes at low inclinations to the solar equatorial plane were four times more common than high-inclination ropes, possibly an observational effect. In addition, data from MESSENGER, Venus Express, STEREO and ACE were examined for multi-point signatures of the catalogued ICMEs. For spacecraft separations <15° in heliocentric longitude, the second spacecraft observed the ICME’s rope in 82% of cases; this percentage fell to 49% for 15–30° separations, to 18% for 30–45° separations, and to 12% for 45–60° separations. One ICME, observed by MESSENGER and STEREO-B while the spacecraft were radially aligned, has been analysed in detail. Few such radial observations of ICMEs have been reported previously. Force-free fitting indicates that the ICME’s rope diameter increased with an r_H^0.94 dependence on heliocentric distance, and the axial B-field strength dropped with an r_H^-1.84 dependence, clear indications of expansion. Axial magnetic flux was conserved, suggesting that the rope underwent no significant erosion through reconnection. The change in the rope’s angular width has been estimated via helicity conservation. The rope axis rotated by ~30° between the spacecraft towards the solar equatorial plane. A preliminary study of a larger number of radially-observed ICMEs indicates that rope rotations of this magnitude are not uncommon; such rotations would have important implications for space weather forecasting.
Social media usage patterns during natural hazards
Creators: name: Niles, Meredith T.
name: Emery, Benjamin F.
name: Reagan, Andrew J.
name: Dodds, Peter Sheridan
name: Danforth, Christopher M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Natural hazards are becoming increasingly expensive as climate change and development are exposing communities to greater risks. Preparation and recovery are critical for climate change resilience, and social media are being used more and more to communicate before, during, and after disasters. While there is a growing body of research aimed at understanding how people use social media surrounding disaster events, most existing work has focused on a single disaster case study. In the present study, we analyze five of the costliest disasters in the last decade in the United States (Hurricanes Irene and Sandy, two sets of tornado outbreaks, and flooding in Louisiana) through the lens of Twitter. In particular, we explore the frequency of both generic and specific food-security related terms, and quantify the relationship between network size and Twitter activity during disasters. We find differences in tweet volume for keywords depending on disaster type, with people using Twitter more frequently in preparation for Hurricanes, and for real-time or recovery information for tornado and flooding events. Further, we find that people share a host of general disaster and specific preparation and recovery terms during these events. Finally, we find that among all account types, individuals with "average" sized networks are most likely to share information during these disasters, and in most cases, do so more frequently than normal. This suggests that around disasters, an ideal form of social contagion is being engaged in which average people rather than outsized influentials are key to communication. These results provide important context for the type of disaster information and target audiences that may be most useful for disaster communication during varying extreme events.
A Hypergeometric Version of the Modularity of Rigid Calabi-Yau Manifolds
Creators: name: Zudilin, Wadim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 11F33, 11T24, 14G10, 14J32, 14J33, 33C20

description: We examine instances of modularity of (rigid) Calabi-Yau manifolds whose periods are expressed in terms of hypergeometric functions. The $p$-th coefficients $a(p)$ of the corresponding modular form can be often read off, at least conjecturally, from the truncated partial sums of the underlying hypergeometric series modulo a power of $p$ and from Weil's general bounds $|a(p)|\le2p^{(m-1)/2}$, where $m$ is the weight of the form. Furthermore, the critical $L$-values of the modular form are predicted to be $\mathbb Q$-proportional to the values of a related basis of solutions to the hypergeometric differential equation.
Ziziphus jujuba Mill.
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Rosales
Rhamnaceae
Ziziphus
Ziziphus jujuba

description: Rhamnus zizyphus Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 194. 1753.
"Habitat in Europa australi." RCN: 1572.
Lectotype (Kirkbride & al. in Taxon 55: 1050. 2006): Herb. Burser XXIII: 50 (UPS)
Current name: Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (Rhamnaceae).
Note: Kirkbride & al. typified this name as part of a proposal to conserve Ziziphus jujuba Mill. against Ziziphus zizyphus (L.) H. Karst., the latter otherwise being the little used, but correct, name for this taxon.
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part R), pp. 785-805 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 792, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Additional file 1: of Musculoskeletal conditions may increase the risk of chronic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Creators: name: Williams, Amanda
name: Kamper, Steven
name: Wiggers, John
name: OâBrien, Kate
name: Hopin Lee
name: Wolfenden, Luke
name: Sze Yoong
name: Robson, Emma
name: McAuley, James
name: Hartvigsen, Jan
name: Williams, Christopher
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Table S1. Search strategy. Table S2. Characteristics of included studies. (DOCX 61 kb)
FOXM1 mediates the response to 5-fluorouracil via thymidylate synthase in colorectal cancer
Creators: name: Varghese, Vidhya
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the most commonly used drug in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Tumour resistance to chemotherapy is a major challenge in cancer therapeutics, which ultimately leads to treatment failure and disease progression. Studies which investigate the mechanisms underpinning drug resistance may provide opportunities for the development of novel agents, and allow the early prediction of tumour sensitivity to specific agents. Resistance to 5-FU has been linked to elevated expression of the main 5-FU target, thymidylate synthase (TYMS), which catalyses the de novo pathway for production of deoxythymidine monophosphate. FOXM1 is a critical regulator of the G1/S and G2/M cell cycle transitions. Emerging evidence suggests that elevated tumour levels of FOXM1 are associated with a variety of aggressive human cancers and chemotherapy resistance, but little is known about their role in colorectal cancer and specifically in respect to 5-FU. In this study, I investigated the role of FOXM1 in CRC 5-FU drug resistance. This study reveals a significant role of FOXM1 in 5-FU drug resistance. Over- expression and knock-down of FOXM1 in colon cancer cells suggests that FOXM1 regulates TYMS. ChIP data also confirms that FOXM1 mediates 5-FU drug resistance mainly through the regulation of TYMS, and the additional 5-FU targets thymidine kinase 1 (TK-1) and thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP). In human colorectal cancer tissue specimens, a strong correlation of FOXM1 and TYMS staining were observed. Elevated FOXM1 and TYMS expression were also observed in acquired 5-FU resistant colon cancer cells (HCT116 5-FU Res). A synergistic effect was observed following treatment of CRC cells with an antagonist of FOXM1, thiostrepton in combination with 5-FU. The combination treatment decreases colony formation and migration, and induces cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and caspase 3/7 dependent apoptosis in CRC cell lines. I also studied the effect of E2F transcription activators (E2F1, E2F2 and E2F3) on 5-FU resistance as E2F1 is known to regulate FOXM1 and TYMS independently. I observed that in addition to E2F1, E2F2 and E2F3 can regulate TYMS and FOXM1. Furthermore I identified the binding sites of FOXM1 on E2F1 and E2F2 transcription activators, and knock-down of E2F1 increases resistance towards 5-FU in p53 mutant and HCT116 5-FU Res cells, indicating the importance of E2F1 in apoptosis. In summary, this research demonstrated that FOXM1 plays a pivotal role in TYMS mediated 5-FU resistance. Direct targeting of FOXM1 in combination with 5-FU would be a better strategy than 5-FU alone in circumventing 5-FU resistance and provide a platform for further evaluation of FOXM1 targeted therapies as a mechanism to overcome 5-FU resistance. This finding should have important clinical implications for exploiting FOXM1 to prevent 5-FU drug resistance and subsequent metastasis in colorectal cancer patients.
Additional file 2: of Vaginal birth after caesarean birth in Italy: variations among areas of residence and hospitals
Creators: name: Colais, Paola
name: Bontempi, Katia
name: Pinnarelli, Luigi
name: Piscicelli, Carlo
name: Mappa, Ilenia
name: Fusco, Danilo
name: Davoli, Marina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Correction coefficient. The document contains the formula of correction coefficient (k) used to consider the nonlinear nature of the logistic model. (DOCX 14 kb)
Absorption Cross-Section and Decay Rate of Dilatonic Black Strings
Creators: name: Gürsel, Huriye
name: Sakallı, İzzet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied in detail the propagation of a massive tachyonic scalar field in the background of a five-dimensional ($5D$) Einstein--Yang--Mills--Born--Infeld--dilaton black string: the massive Klein--Gordon equation was solved, exactly. Next we obtained complete analytical expressions for the greybody factor, absorption cross-section, and decay-rate for the tachyonic scalar field in the geometry under consideration. The behaviors of the obtained results are graphically represented for different values of the theory's free parameters. We also discuss why tachyons should be used instead of ordinary particles for the analytical derivation of the greybody factor of the dilatonic $5D$ black string.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures
Reminiscences of Meade Alcorn 1967
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Lawyers
Political conventions
Campaign management

description: Account of Republican Conventions, 1952 and 1964; Republican National Committee; Senatorial Campaign Committee and Congressional Campaign Committee; Operation Dixie. Recollections of Sherman dams, John Foster Dulles, Richard Nixon, Harold Stassen, Leonard Hall, and Barry Goldwater
Time Dependent Clustering Analysis of the Second BATSE Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog
Creators: name: Brainerd, J. J.
name: Meegan, C. A.
name: Briggs, Michael S.
name: Pendleton, G. N.
name: Brock, M. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A time dependent two-point correlation-function analysis of the BATSE 2B catalog finds no evidence of burst repetition. As part of this analysis, we discuss the effects of sky exposure on the observability of burst repetition and present the equation describing the signature of burst repetition in the data. For a model of all burst repetition from a source occurring in less than five days we derive upper limits on the number of bursts in the catalog from repeaters and model-dependent upper limits on the fraction of burst sources that produce multiple outbursts.
description: To appear in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, uuencoded compressed PostScript, 11 pages with 4 embedded figures