cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Transitions from deterministic to stochastic diffusion
Creators: name: Klages, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine characteristic properties of deterministic and stochastic diffusion in low-dimensional chaotic dynamical systems. As an example, we consider a periodic array of scatterers defined by a simple chaotic map on the line. Adding different types of time-dependent noise to this model we compute the diffusion coefficient from simulations. We find that there is a crossover from deterministic to stochastic diffusion under variation of the perturbation strength related to different asymptotic laws for the diffusion coefficient. Typical signatures of this scenario are suppression and enhancement of normal diffusion. Our results are explained by a simple theoretical approximation.
description: 6 pages (revtex) with 3 figures (postscript)
A new lipid-based proxy for the reconstruction of past phytoplankton ecological dynamics
Creators: name: Klatt, Antonia
name: De Jonge, Cindy
name: Nelson, Daniel B.
name: Reyes, Marta
name: Santos, Ricardo N.
name: Ajallooeian, Fatemeh
name: Schubert, Carsten
name: Dubois, Nathalie
name: Ladd, S. Nemiah
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: EGUsphere
N-centered ensemble density-functional theory for open systems
Creators: name: Senjean, Bruno
name: Fromager, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two (so-called left and right) variants of N-centered ensemble density-functional theory (DFT) [Senjean and Fromager, Phys. Rev. A 98, 022513 (2018)] are presented. Unlike the original formulation of the theory, these variants allow for the description of systems with a fractional electron number. While conventional DFT for open systems uses only the true electron density as basic variable, left/right N-centered ensemble DFT relies instead on (i) a fictitious ensemble density that integrates to a central (integral) number N of electrons, and (ii) a grand canonical ensemble weight $α$ which is equal to the deviation of the true electron number from N. Within such a formalism, the infamous derivative discontinuity that appears when crossing an integral number of electrons is described exactly through the dependence in $α$ of the left and right N-centered ensemble Hartree-exchange-correlation density functionals. Incorporating N-centered ensembles into existing density-functional embedding theories is expected to pave the way towards the in-principle-exact description of an open fragment by means of a pure-state N-electron many-body wavefunction. Work is currently in progress in this direction
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
title: The European Commission Trade Policy Review: The Effectiveness of Sustainable Development Chapters in EU FTAs
Creators: name: Colli Vignarelli, Mattia
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: EU policies
subject: Common Commercial Policy
subject: EU Trade Policy Review
subject: Trade and Sustainable Development
subject: external relations
subject: Free Trade Agreements

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2021 6(1), 1-5
description: European Forum Highlight of 29 March 2021
description: This Highlight focuses on the European Trade Policy Review, published by the European Commission on 18 February 2021. It first summarizes the content of the new trade strategy and then focuses on Trade and Sustainable Development (TSD). It provides an overview on the evolution of TSD Chapters since their first appearance in the 2009 EU-South Korea FTA and illustrates the debate on their effectiveness. It then addresses the European Commission’s commitment to an early review in 2021 of the 15 points Action Plan on TSD Chapters and the envisaged shifting towards a sanction-based enforcement approach.
Progress of the Canterbury Water Management Strategy and some emerging issues
Creators: name: Jenkins, Bryan
name: Jenkins, Bryan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Production Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: water storage
subject: water use efficiency
subject: nutrient management
subject: biodiversity
subject: kaitiakitanga

description: This paper reviews the progress to date of the Canterbury Water Management Strategy and identifies key developments and emerging issues. The paper examines the provision of storage, water use efficiency, environmental flow adjustments, nutrients from land use intensification, biodiversity enhancements and kaitiakitanga. The collaborative process has led to some more sustainable changes. One is the use of off-river storage and tributary storage as alternatives to mainstem storage. A second is improved environmental flow regimes by increasing minimum flows and reducing allocations at low flows; but enabling access to allocations at higher flows and providing time to adjust to new requirements. The parallel achievement of reduced nitrate loads and increased irrigation areas is proving problematic. Water use efficiency is advancing on some fronts – piped distribution replacing canal distribution and ongoing conversions to spray irrigation – but not on others – soil moisture demand irrigation and reallocation of surface and groundwater use to enhance recharge. Biodiversity enhancements and incorporating kaitiakitanga in water management are showing positive progress. Some of the key emerging issues include the allocation of nitrate capacity between existing and new users, and, the need for increased capacity for predictive modelling and field measurement to improve management of the use of scarce water and the cumulative effects of its use.
Input states for quantum gates
Creators: name: Gilchrist, A.
name: Munro, W. J.
name: White, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine three possible implementations of non-deterministic linear optical cnot gates with a view to an in-principle demonstration in the near future. To this end we consider demonstrating the gates using currently available sources such as spontaneous parametric down conversion and coherent states, and current detectors only able to distinguish between zero or many photons. The demonstration is possible in the co-incidence basis and the errors introduced by the non-optimal input states and detectors are analysed.
Dynamical axion misalignment with small instantons
Creators: name: Buen-Abad, Manuel A.
name: Fan, JiJi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new mechanism to relax the initial misalignment angle of the QCD axion and raise the cosmological bound on the axion decay constant. The QCD axion receives a contribution from small UV instantons during inflation, which raises its mass to the inflationary Hubble scale. This makes the axion start rolling down its potential early on. In the scenario, the standard model Yukawa couplings of quarks are dynamical, being of order one during the inflationary era and reducing to their standard model values once it ends. This means that after inflation the contribution of the small instantons is suppressed, and the axion potential reduces to the standard one from the usual IR instantons. As a result, when the axion starts to oscillate again after inflation, the initial misalignment angle is suppressed due to the dynamics during inflation. While the general idea of dynamical axion misalignment has been discussed in the literature before, we present in detail the major bottleneck on the mismatching between the minima of the axion potentials during and after inflation, and how it is circumvented in our scenario via the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism. Taking into account of all the constraints, we find that the axion decay constant could be raised to the GUT scale, $10^{15}$ GeV, in our scenario.
description: Published version. 20 pages, 4 figures
Native rhizobium strains are lacking in some agricultural soils in NE South Africa
Creators: name: J. B. O. Ogola
name: P. J. Macil
name: E. Ramabulana
name: J. J. O. Odhiambo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Rhizobia is a group of gram-negative soil-borne bacteria with several beneficial strains for biological nitrogen fixation in legume crops. Rhizobium strains are found native in the soil but where they are absent, commercial strains are inoculated on crops. We assessed the availability of native rhizobia in chickpea fields at two sites, with contrasting soil types, in NE South Africa. Serial dilutions were used to identify bacteria from soil samples and chickpea nodules sampled before sowing and at flowering, respectively. Our results indicated the absence of rhizobia strains at both sites. Burkholderia cenocepacia, Klebsiella variicola, Bacillus subtilis and Ochrobactrum spp, which are not important in agriculture but are often reported in clinical environments, were identified. Therefore, inoculating chickpea with compatible rhizobia strains may be necessary in some soils in this region.
Cost Efficiency of Dairy Farming in New Zealand: a stochastic frontier analysis
Creators: name: Jiang, Nan
name: Sharp, Basil
name: Jiang, Nan
name: Sharp, Basil
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: stochastic cost frontier
subject: NZ dairy farming
subject: cost efficiency

description: Historically NZ dairy farming has held a position as the lowest cost, non-subsidized producers at the farm gate. Recently, this position has been eroded as a result of increases in labor and land costs, while other emerging countries, such as Argentina and Ukraine, have adopted lower cost production systems. This indicates a need to continually build competitiveness on efficient utilization of resources, both physical and financial. Prior research on the efficiency performance of dairy farming in NZ is scant and the focus to date has been on technical efficiency, which alone only reveals how well farms utilize the physical production process. This paper contributes to the empirical literature by examining the cost efficiency of NZ dairy farms using established methods. Simplified translog stochastic cost frontiers are constructed based on an unbalanced panel of 824 farms. Average cost efficiency is estimated to be around 83% for dairy farms located in the North Island and 80% for the South Island. Analysis of the relationship between inefficiency and farm characteristics suggests significant associations exist between capital intensity, livestock quality, farm size and cost efficiency.
Plant diversification is associated with habitat disruption in the transient Hengduan Mountains
Creators: name: Chang, Yaquan
name: Ding, Wenna
name: He, Junqing
name: Willett, Sean
name: Gelwick, Katrina
name: Zimmermann, Niklaus
name: Pellissier, Loic
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: Mountain regions harbor disproportionally high biodiversity levels on Earth, which can hardly be explained solely by contemporary climate and heterogeneity. The complex interactions between the geological and climate dynamics in the mountain system could provide a unique substrate for species to diversify, leading both to higher diversity and higher endemism in the mountains. The Hengduan Mountains region is a unique biodiversity hotspot outside of the tropics. It is characterized by complex geological and climate histories associated with the Indian-Eurasia plate collision and monsoon intensification shaping intense geomorphic processes. These unique and complex histories are expected to have shaped landscapes across millions of years, fostering the emergence of lineages. Using the clade level of phylogenies and species range maps, we generated the spatial pattern of diversification rate for 33 highly diversified clades in the Hengduan Mountains. These spatial clade diversification rate patterns are spatially associated with active deformation history in the past 15 Ma. In this talk, I will present hotspots of diversification rate and potential linkage to geological and climate processes. I will demonstrate that the diversification rate hotspots are concentrated in the Three Rivers Region, Dadu River, and Shangri-La Plateau in the Hengduan Mountains. Then I will show the elevational gradient of the diversification rate within these hotspots and link them to specific geological processes. Specifically, long-term erosion from low-temperature thermochronology indicates the deformation process in the recent 15 Ma associated with new habitat and high diversification speciation process in the Three Rivers region and Dadu River in the Hengduan Mountains. Moreover, the landscape transience characterized by divides migration and low relief surface formation may create habitat disruption and range fragmentation to increase allopatric speciation. Taken together, the high plant diversity of Hengduan Mountain may be caused by intense focalized geological processes generating new species from habitat disruption.
description: EGUsphere
Economic Analysis on the Value of Winter Housing for Dairy Farming in Tararua District
Creators: name: Journeaux, Phil
name: Journeaux, Phil
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis
Health Economics and Policy
Public Economics
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This study examined the economic impact of a wintering barn facility on a dairy farm in the Tararua District, relative to its ability to reduce nitrogen leaching, as a means of achieving Horizon’s proposed nitrogen discharge limit. The analysis showed that the provision of a wintering facility had a significant impact in reducing nitrogen leaching, down to just above the required limit. The economic cost of this was significant, in the absence of improved payouts or the farmer intensifying the system to cover the cost of the facility. If the farm was intensified in order to cover the cost of the wintering facility, the level of nitrogen leaching rose accordingly. The study therefore indicates that the provision of a wintering barn as a means of reducing nitrogen leaching is problematic – while it can reduce leaching rates its economic viability is very dependent on payout levels and supplementary feed costs, and intensifying the system to improve the economic viability results in increased leaching rates well above the proposed limits.
Tectonic advection controls drainage divide asymmetry patterns in the Longmenshan, SE Tibet, China
Creators: name: Gelwick, Katrina
name: Wang, Yanyan
name: Metzger, Sabrina
name: Huppert, Kimberly
name: Yang, Rong
name: Willett, Sean
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: The lateral movement of Earth’s crust through tectonic advection plays an important role in shaping topography in many active orogens worldwide. Numerical modelling and select field studies have shown that tectonic advection can alter topography and thereby create asymmetric drainage divides. Divide migration typically occurs opposite to the direction of tectonic advection, however, in many mountain belts, the wedge-tip propagation towards the foreland outpaces the rate of convergence, in which case the direction of topographic asymmetry should be reversed. 

We combine geomorphic and geodetic analyses with numerical models to test whether topographic asymmetry in the Longmenshan region of Southeast Tibet is dominated by advection of the crust from the ongoing India-Eurasia collision, movement of river base-level with the propagation of the thrust front into the Sichuan Basin, or other tectonic and climatic factors. We measure the magnitude and direction of drainage divide asymmetry using geomorphic metrics and compare these to horizontal GNSS velocities, which measure tectonic advection and shortening relative to the stable Sichuan Basin block. Geologic studies estimate that wedge-tip propagation toward the Sichuan Basin has been negligible since ~5-10 Ma.

Our results show that drainage divide asymmetries in the Longmenshan and Bayankala tectonic blocks indicate a dominantly northwest divide migration direction relative to the underlying rock. This is opposite to the dominantly southeast-pointing GNSS rates and suggests that within-wedge shortening and southward surface advection are more important than wedge-tip propagation. These findings also indicate that topography in the Longmenshan and Bayankala blocks has already adjusted to the current kinematics. Inconsistencies in the signal can be explained by localized deformation and uplift from faulting and other small-scale transient adjustments in the river network, such as those caused by stream captures. We compare these results to a series of numerical model scenarios with varying advection and wedge-tip propagation velocities to discern the relative influence of tectonic advection and thrust-front dynamics on the region’s topography. Our study highlights the critical role tectonic advection plays in shaping topography on the Southeast Tibetan Plateau and it provides a comparative framework for distinguishing the relative rates of advection and wedge-tip propagation.
description: EGUsphere
Studies on the origin of the interfacial superconductivity of Sb2Te3/Fe1+yTe heterostructures
Creators: name: Liang, Jing
name: Zhang, Yu Jun
name: Yao, Xiong
name: Li, Hui
name: Li, Zi-Xiang
name: Wang, Jiannong
name: Chen, Yuanzhen
name: Sou, Iam Keong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of the interfacial superconductivity (SC) of the Bi2Te3/Fe1+yTe heterostructure has attracted extensive studies due to its potential as a novel platform for trapping and controlling Majorana fermions. Here we present studies of another topological insulator (TI)/Fe1+yTe heterostructure, Sb2Te3/Fe1+yTe, which also enjoys an interfacial two-dimensional SC. The results of transport measurements support that the reduction of excess Fe concentration of the Fe1+yTe layer not only increases the fluctuation of its antiferromagnetic (AFM) order but also enhances the quality of the SC of this heterostructure system. On the other hand, the interfacial SC of this heterostructure was found to have a wider-ranging TI-layer thickness dependence than that of the Bi2Te3/Fe1+yTe heterostructure, which is believed to be attributed to the much higher bulk conductivity of Sb2Te3 that enhances indirect coupling between its top and bottom topological surface states (TSSs). Our results provide the evidence of the interplay among the AFM order, itinerant carries from the TSSs and the induced interfacial SC of the TI/Fe1+yTe heterostructure system.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures
How Generative AI Supports Understanding of An Ethically Sensitive AI-Induced Event
Creators: name: Wei, Mengyi
name: Jiao, Chenjing
name: Zuo, Chenyu
name: Hurni, Lorenz
name: Meng, Liqiu
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Generative AI
Visual narrative
Social news

description: Abstracts of the ICA, 8
description: ISSN:2570-2106
Unequal arm space-borne gravitational wave detectors
Creators: name: Larson, Shane L.
name: Hellings, Ronald W.
name: Hiscock, William A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unlike ground-based interferometric gravitational wave detectors, large space-based systems will not be rigid structures. When the end-stations of the laser interferometer are freely flying spacecraft, the armlengths will change due to variations in the spacecraft positions along their orbital trajectories, so the precise equality of the arms that is required in a laboratory interferometer to cancel laser phase noise is not possible. However, using a method discovered by Tinto and Armstrong, a signal can be constructed in which laser phase noise exactly cancels out, even in an unequal arm interferometer. We examine the case where the ratio of the armlengths is a variable parameter, and compute the averaged gravitational wave transfer function as a function of that parameter. Example sensitivity curve calculations are presented for the expected design parameters of the proposed LISA interferometer, comparing it to a similar instrument with one arm shortened by a factor of 100, showing how the ratio of the armlengths will affect the overall sensitivity of the instrument.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, REVTeX 4
Properties of the Sachs electric form factor of the proton on the basis of recent $e-p$ scattering experiments and hydrogen spectroscopy
Creators: name: Horbatsch, Marko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently published data on the Sachs electric form factor by the PRad collaboration (Nature {\bf 575}, 147-151) are analyzed to investigate their consistency with the known proton charge radius from muonic and electronic hydrogen spectroscopy, as well as theoretical predictions from dispersively improved chiral perturbation theory. It is shown that the latter is fully consistent with the data, and pointers are given how future $e-p$ scattering experiments can lead to an improvement of our knowledge of the form factor in the low-momentum-transfer regime.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, 37 references
MOESM7 of Human-specific mutations in VMAT1 confer functional changes and multi-directional evolution in the regulation of monoamine circuits
Creators: name: Sato, Daiki
name: Ishii, Yuu
name: Nagai, Tomoaki
name: Ohashi, Kazumasa
name: Masakado Kawata
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 7: Table S5. Primers used in the present study.
Migrating the Atlas of Switzerland to the Web: A comparative analysis of 2D and 3D open-source web rendering frameworks
Creators: name: Neumann, Andreas
name: Müdespacher, Alexander
name: Eichenberger, Remo
name: Hurni, Lorenz
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Atlas Cartography
Open Source Geospatial Technologies
Web Cartography and Map Services

description: Abstracts of the ICA, 7
description: ISSN:2570-2106
MOESM6 of Human-specific mutations in VMAT1 confer functional changes and multi-directional evolution in the regulation of monoamine circuits
Creators: name: Sato, Daiki
name: Ishii, Yuu
name: Nagai, Tomoaki
name: Ohashi, Kazumasa
name: Masakado Kawata
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6: Figure S2. Mean relative (a) density and (b) size of vesicles expressing the YFP-VMAT1 variants. All values are shown as the fold change relative to that of the 130Gly/136Ile variant (without reserpine). No significant differences were observed among variants in either comparison (P-values calculated by one-way ANOVA: 0.39 and 0.54, respectively).
Cartographic visualization of the effects of climate change: a practical application for the Atlas of Switzerland
Creators: name: Gaia, Luca
name: Neumann, Andreas
name: Sieber, René
name: Hurni, Lorenz
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Atlas Cartography
Climate Change

description: Abstracts of the ICA, 7
description: ISSN:2570-2106
Kasner-like behaviour for subcritical Einstein-matter systems
Creators: name: Damour, Thibault
name: Henneaux, Marc
name: Rendall, Alan D.
name: Weaver, Marsha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Confirming previous heuristic analyses à la Belinskii-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz, it is rigorously proven that certain ``subcritical'' Einstein-matter systems exhibit a monotone, generalized Kasner behaviour in the vicinity of a spacelike singularity. The D-dimensional coupled Einstein-dilaton-p-form system is subcritical if the dilaton couplings of the p-forms belong to some dimension dependent open neighbourhood of zero, while pure gravity is subcritical if D is greater than or equal to 11. Our proof relies, like the recent theorem dealing with the (always subcritical) Einstein-dilaton system, on the use of Fuchsian techniques, which enable one to construct local, analytic solutions to the full set of equations of motion. The solutions constructed are ``general'' in the sense that they depend on the maximal expected number of free functions.
description: LaTeX, 56 pages; minor corrections; version to appear in ``Annales Henri Poincar\'e"
What is the impact of reduced-impact logging (RIL) policy on the Berau Economy?
Creators: name: Martana, Kadim
name: Lennox, James A.
name: Evison, David
name: Manley, Bruce
name: Martana, Kadim
name: Lennox, James A.
name: Evison, David
name: Manley, Bruce
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: CGE
subject: RIL
subject: Berau

description: A dynamic recursive CGE model of the Berau District (East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia) was constructed, to analysis the impact of REDD policies. The model was used to simulate a policy to implement reduced-impact logging (RIL) by inducing a seven percent raise in logging cost. Results suggest that impact of the policy to the Berau economy is small. Agricultural-based households’ welfare decreased (with forestry households the most impacted) while non-agricultural households were better off. As logging output declines, other agricultural outputs increase, since factors of production that are not used in the logging sector, are re-employed in other agricultural sectors, especially the oil palm sector.
Cosmic D--term Strings as Wrapped D3 Branes
Creators: name: Halyo, Edi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe cosmic D--term strings as D3 branes wrapped on a resolved conifold. The matter content that gives rise to D--term strings is shown to describe the world--volume theory of a space--filling D3 brane transverse to the conifold which itself is a wrapped D5 brane. We show that, in this brane theory, the tension of the wrapped D3 brane mathces that of the D--term string. We argue that there is a new type of cosmic string which arises from fractional D1 branes on the world--volume of a fractional D3 brane.
description: 13 pages in phyzzx.tex; eq. (17) corrected, other minor corrections; v3: more minor corrections
Spatiotemporal PET reconstruction using ML-EM with learned diffeomorphic deformation
Creators: name: Öktem, Ozan
name: Pouchol, Camille
name: Verdier, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Patient movement in emission tomography deteriorates reconstruction quality because of motion blur. Gating the data improves the situation somewhat: each gate contains a movement phase which is approximately stationary. A standard method is to use only the data from a few gates, with little movement between them. However, the corresponding loss of data entails an increase of noise. Motion correction algorithms have been implemented to take into account all the gated data, but they do not scale well, especially not in 3D. We propose a novel motion correction algorithm which addresses the scalability issue. Our approach is to combine an enhanced ML-EM algorithm with deep learning based movement registration. The training is unsupervised, and with artificial data. We expect this approach to scale very well to higher resolutions and to 3D, as the overall cost of our algorithm is only marginally greater than that of a standard ML-EM algorithm. We show that we can significantly decrease the noise corresponding to a limited number of gates.
Representation learning for multi-modal spatially resolved transcriptomics data
Creators: name: Nonchev, Kalin
name: Andani, Sonali
name: Ficek-Pascual, Joanna
name: Nowak, Marta
name: Sobottka, Bettina
name: Tumor Profiler Consortium
name: Koelzer, Viktor H.
name: Rätsch, Gunnar
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Machine learning
Representation learning
Spatial transcriptomics
Multi-modal data integration

description: Spatial transcriptomics enables in-depth molecular characterization of samples on a morphology and RNA level while preserving spatial location. Integrating the resulting multi-modal data is an unsolved problem, and developing new solutions in precision medicine depends on improved methodologies. Here, we introduce AESTETIK, a convolutional deep learning model that jointly integrates spatial, transcriptomics, and morphology information to learn accurate spot representations. AESTETIK yielded substantially improved cluster assignments on widely adopted technology platforms (e.g., 10x Genomics™, NanoString™) across multiple datasets. We achieved performance enhancement on structured tissues (e.g., brain) with a 21% increase in median ARI over previous state-of-the-art methods. Notably, AESTETIK also demonstrated superior performance on cancer tissues with heterogeneous cell populations, showing a two-fold increase in breast cancer, 79% in melanoma, and 21% in liver cancer. We expect that these advances will enable a multi-modal understanding of key biological processes.
description: medRxiv
Cell-type-specific promoters for C. elegans glia
Creators: name: Fung, Wendy
name: Wexler, Leigh
name: Heiman, Maxwell G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Glia shape the development and function of the C. elegans nervous system, especially its sense organs and central neuropil (nerve ring). Cell-type-specific promoters allow investigators to label or manipulate individual glial cell types, and therefore provide a key tool for deciphering glial function. In this technical resource, we compare the specificity, brightness, and consistency of cell-type-specific promoters for C. elegans glia. We identify a set of promoters for the study of seven glial cell types (F16F9.3, amphid and phasmid sheath glia; F11C7.2, amphid sheath glia only; grl-2, amphid and phasmid socket glia; hlh-17, cephalic (CEP) sheath glia; and grl-18, inner labial (IL) socket glia) as well as a pan-glial promoter (mir-228). We compare these promoters to promoters that are expressed more variably in combinations of glial cell types (delm-1 and itx-1). We note that the expression of some promoters depends on external conditions or the internal state of the organism, such as developmental stage, suggesting glial plasticity. Finally, we demonstrate an approach for prospectively identifying cell-type-specific glial promoters using existing single-cell sequencing data, and we use this approach to identify two novel promoters specific to IL socket glia (col-53 and col-177).
The detailed optical light curve of GRB 030329
Creators: name: Lipkin, Y. M.
name: Ofek, E. O.
name: Gal-Yam, A.
name: Leibowitz, E. M.
name: Poznanski, D.
name: Kaspi, S.
name: Polishook, D.
name: Kulkarni, S. R.
name: Fox, D. W.
name: Berger, E.
name: Mirabal, N.
name: Halpern, J.
name: Bureau, M.
name: Fathi, K.
name: Price, P. A.
name: Peterson, B. A.
name: Frebel, A.
name: Schmidt, B.
name: Orosz, J. A.
name: Fitzgerald, J. B.
name: Bloom, J. S.
name: van Dokkum, P. G.
name: Bailyn, C. D.
name: Buxton, M. M.
name: Barsony, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) We present densely sampled BVRI light curves of the optical transient associated with the gamma-ray burst GRB 030329, the result of a coordinated observing campaign conducted at five observatories. Augmented with published observations of this GRB, the compiled optical dataset contains 2687 photometric measurements, obtained between 78 minutes and 79 days after the burst. We show that the underlying supernova 2003dh evolved faster than, and was probably somewhat fainter than the type Ic SN 1998bw, associated with GRB 980425. We find that our data can be described by a broken power-law decay perturbed by a complex variable component. The early- and late-time decay slopes are determined to be ~1.1 and ~2, respectively. Assuming this single power-law model, we constrain the break to lie between ~3 and ~8 days after the burst. This simple, singly-broken power-law model, derived only from the analysis of our optical observations, may also account for available multi-band data, provided that the break happened ~8 days after the burst. The more complex double-jet model of Berger et al. provides a comparable fit to the optical, X-ray, mm and radio observations of this event. We detect a significant change in optical colors during the first day. Our color analysis is consistent with a cooling break frequency sweeping through the optical band during the first day. The light curves of GRB 030329 reveal a rich array of variations, superposed over the mean power-law decay. We find that the early variations are asymmetric, with a steep rise followed by a relatively slower (by a factor of about two) decline. The variations maintain a similar time scale during the first four days, and then get significantly longer.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ with minor changes. See the GRB030329 Data Treasury at http://wise-obs.tau.ac.il/GRB030329/
Swammerdamia zhangi Li and Fan 2007
Creators: name: Sohn, Jae-Cheon
name: Wu, Chun-Sheng
name: Han, Hui-Lin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Yponomeutidae
Swammerdamia
Swammerdamia zhangi

description: Swammerdamia zhangi Li and Fan, 2007
 Material examined. [IZCAS] 131♀, Mt. Xishan [Western Mt.], Qinghai Prov., 9-10 VII 1981, geni. slide no. IOZ-09034 (♀); 333♀, Yuedu, Qinghai Prov., 8-9 VII 1974.
 Distribution. China (endemic: Gansu and Qinghai).
description: Published as part of Sohn, Jae-Cheon, Wu, Chun-Sheng & Han, Hui-Lin, 2010, Three new species of Yponomeutinae (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) from China with faunistic supplements and an updated list of the Chinese species of the subfamily, pp. 2803-2816 in Journal of Natural History 44 (45 - 46) on page 2809, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2010.503942, http://zenodo.org/record/5212123
ROME (Radio Observations of Magnetized Exoplanets). II. HD 189733 Does Not Accrete Significant Material from its Exoplanet like a T Tauri Star from A Disk
Creators: name: Route, Matthew
name: Looney, Leslie W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been asserted that the primary star in the HD 189733 system steadily accretes evaporated exospheric gases from its ``hot Jupiter'' companion, rather like a T Tauri star accreting from a disk. We conduct statistical and periodogram analyses of the photometric time series of the primary, as acquired by the automated photoelectric telescope (APT), Microvariability and Oscillations of Stars (MOST), and Wise Observatory, to investigate this claim with the goal of revealing the presence of accretion shocks or photospheric accretion hotspots as are found in T Tauri systems such as AA Tau. None of the anticipated features were found. We re-analyze existing radio, optical, ultraviolet, and X-ray data within the framework of accreting T Tauri systems to determine physical quantities such as plasma density and temperature, accretion rate, and flare lengths. We find that with an accretion rate of $\dot{M}\sim10^{9}$ to 10$^{11}$ g s$^{-1}$, the star is more similar to a system that intermittently absorbs gas from sungrazing comets in outburst than classical T Tauri systems, which have accretion rates at least two orders of magnitude larger. If such accretion exists, it would result in undetectably low activity at all wavelengths. Alternatively, all of the emission properties observed thus far are in agreement with stellar activity from a magnetically active star.
description: Accepted by ApJ; 15 pages, 3 tables, 3 figures
Scarcity Of Canterbury’s Water: Its Multiple, Conflicting Uses
Creators: name: Miller, Sini
name: Tait, Peter
name: Saunders, Caroline
name: Miller, Sini
name: Tait, Peter
name: Saunders, Caroline
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: CHOICE MODELLING
subject: FRESHWATER MANAGEMENT
subject: WILLINGNESS TO PAY
subject: CULTURAL VALUES

description: Canterbury freshwater management is the focus of important decisions with significant challenges. Applying choice modelling, this study explores how Canterbury residents value freshwater attributes related to environmental, economic, social and cultural elements of wellbeing. In particular, this study explores how values for Māori cultural element of water resource relate to the other elements. Results indicate that people value all freshwater attributes considered here, with highest willingness to pay for environmental benefits followed by cultural, recreational and employment benefits. The preference ranking can provide useful information for prioritisation of Canterbury freshwater management objectives.
Sensorized Soft Skin for Dexterous Robotic Hands
Creators: name: Egli, Jana
name: Forrai, Benedek
name: Buchner, Thomas Jakob Konrad
name: Su, Jiangtao
name: Chen, Xiaodong
name: Katzschmann, Robert K.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Robotics (cs.RO)
Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Conventional industrial robots often use two-fingered grippers or suction cups to manipulate objects or interact with the world. Because of their simplified design, they are unable to reproduce the dexterity of human hands when manipulating a wide range of objects. While the control of humanoid hands evolved greatly, hardware platforms still lack capabilities, particularly in tactile sensing and providing soft contact surfaces. In this work, we present a method that equips the skeleton of a tendon-driven humanoid hand with a soft and sensorized tactile skin. Multi-material 3D printing allows us to iteratively approach a cast skin design which preserves the robot's dexterity in terms of range of motion and speed. We demonstrate that a soft skin enables firmer grasps and piezoresistive sensor integration enhances the hand's tactile sensing capabilities.
description: arXiv
MOESM2 of Early detection of the major male cancer types in blood-based liquid biopsies using a DNA methylation panel
Creators: name: Constâncio, Vera
name: Nunes, Sandra
name: Moreira-Barbosa, Catarina
name: Freitas, Rui
name: Oliveira, Jorge
name: Pousa, Inês
name: Oliveira, Júlio
name: Soares, Marta
name: Dias, Carlos
name: Dias, Teresa
name: Antunes, Luís
name: Henrique, Rui
name: Jerónimo, Carmen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Distribution of methylation levels in PCa patients according with metastatic dissemination. (A) APC, (B) GSTP1, (C) HOXD3, (D) RARβ2, (E) RASSF1A and (F) SEPT9 promoter’s methylation levels between non-metastatic (M0) (n=116) and metastatic (M+) (n=5) PCa patients. Mann-Whitney U Test, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. Red horizontal lines represent median methylation levels. Figure S2. Cumulative incidence function plots according to clinicopathological variables (A) regional node, (B) distant metastasis, (C) clinical stage and (D) histological subtype in LC patients. p-values obtained by Gray’s test for disease-specific mortality. Figure S3. Cumulative incidence function plots according to clinicopathological variables (A) ISUP Grade Group, (B) serum PSA levels, (C) clinical stage, and (D) APC, (E) GSTP1, (F) RARβ2, (G) RASSF1A, (H) SEPT9, (I) SOX17 promoter methylation levels in PCa patients. p-values obtained by Gray’s test for disease-specific mortality. Figure S4. Cumulative incidence function plots according to clinicopathological variable (A) distant metastasis, and (B) RARβ2, (C) SEPT9 and (D) SOX17 promoter methylation levels in CRC patients. p-values obtained by Gray’s test for disease-specific mortality.
MOESM1 of Increasing the proportion of healthier foods available with and without reducing portion sizes and energy purchased in worksite cafeterias: protocol for a stepped-wedge randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Reynolds, James
name: KosÄ«Te, Daina
name: Brier Rigby Dames
name: Brocklebank, Laura
name: Pilling, Mark
name: Pechey, Rachel
name: Hollands, Gareth
name: Marteau, Theresa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Table displaying the planned implementation of the availability intervention.
Self-powered sensors enabled by wide-bandgap perovskite indoor photovoltaic cells
Creators: name: Mathews, Ian
name: Kantareddy, Sai Nithin Reddy
name: Sun, Shijing
name: Layurova, Mariya
name: Thapa, Janak
name: Correa-Baena, Juan-Pablo
name: Bhattacharyya, Rahul
name: Buonassisi, Tonio
name: Sarma, Sanjay
name: Peters, Ian Marius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We present a new approach to ubiquitous sensing for indoor applications, using high-efficiency and low-cost indoor perovksite photovoltaic cells as external power sources for backscatter sensors. We demonstrate wide-bandgap perovskite photovoltaic cells for indoor light energy harvesting with the 1.63eV and 1.84 eV devices demonstrate efficiencies of 21% and 18.5% respectively under indoor compact fluorescent lighting, with a champion open-circuit voltage of 0.95 V in a 1.84 eV cell under a light intensity of 0.16 mW/cm2. Subsequently, we demonstrate a wireless temperature sensor self-powered by a perovskite indoor light-harvesting module. We connect three perovskite photovoltaic cells in series to create a module that produces 14.5 uW output power under 0.16 mW/cm2 of compact fluorescent illumination with an efficiency of 13.2%. We use this module as an external power source for a battery-assisted RFID temperature sensor and demonstrate a read range by of 5.1 meters while maintaining very high frequency measurements every 1.24 seconds. Our combined indoor perovskite photovoltaic modules and backscatter radio-frequency sensors are further discussed as a route to ubiquitous sensing in buildings given their potential to be manufactured in an integrated manner at very low-cost, their lack of a need for battery replacement and the high frequency data collection possible.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
The OptoGenBox – a device for long-term optogenetics in C. elegans
Creators: name: Busack, Inka
name: Jordan, Florian
name: Peleg Sapir
name: Bringmann, Henrik
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Optogenetics controls neural activity and behavior in living organisms through genetically targetable actuators and light. This method has revolutionized biology and medicine as it allows controlling cells with high temporal and spatial precision. Optogenetics is typically applied only at short time scales, for instance to study specific behaviors. Optogenetically manipulating behavior also gives insights into physiology, as behavior controls systemic physiological processes. For example, arousal and sleep affect aging and health span. To study how behavior controls key physiological processes, behavioral manipulations need to occur at extended time scales. However, methods for long-term optogenetics are scarce and typically require expensive compound microscope setups. Optogenetic experiments can be conducted in many species. Small model animals such as the nematode C. elegans have been instrumental in solving the mechanistic basis of medically important biological processes. We developed the OptoGenBox, an affordable stand-alone and simple-to-use device for long-term optogenetic manipulation of C. elegans. The OptoGenBox provides a controlled environment and is programmable to allow the execution of complex optogenetic manipulations over long experimental times of many days to weeks. To test our device, we investigated how optogenetically increased arousal and optogenetic sleep deprivation affect survival of arrested first larval stage C. elegans. We optogenetically activated the nociceptive ASH sensory neurons using ReaChR, thus triggering an escape response and increase in arousal. In addition, we optogenetically inhibited the sleep neuron RIS using ArchT, a condition known to impair sleep. Both optogenetic manipulations reduced survival. Thus, the OptoGenBox presents an affordable system to study the long-term consequences of optogenetic manipulations of key biological processes in C. elegans and perhaps other small animals.