cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Braid Matrices and Quantum Gates for Ising Anyons Topological Quantum Computation
Creators: name: Fan, Zheyong
name: de Garis, Hugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study various aspects of the topological quantum computation scheme based on the non-Abelian anyons corresponding to fractional quantum hall effect states at filling fraction 5/2 using the Temperley-Lieb recoupling theory. Unitary braiding matrices are obtained by a normalization of the degenerate ground states of a system of anyons, which is equivalent to a modification of the definition of the 3-vertices in the Temperley-Lieb recoupling theory as proposed by Kauffman and Lomonaco. With the braid matrices available, we discuss the problems of encoding of qubit states and construction of quantum gates from the elementary braiding operation matrices for the Ising anyons model. In the encoding scheme where 2 qubits are represented by 8 Ising anyons, we give an alternative proof of the no-entanglement theorem given by Bravyi and compare it to the case of Fibonacci anyons model. In the encoding scheme where 2 qubits are represented by 6 Ising anyons, we construct a set of quantum gates which is equivalent to the construction of Georgiev.
description: 25 pages, 13 figures
Suzaku observation of IGR J16318-4848
Creators: name: Barragán, L.
name: Wilms, J.
name: Pottschmidt, K.
name: Nowak, M. A.
name: Kreykenbohm, I.
name: Walter, R.
name: Tomsick, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the first Suzaku observation of IGR J16318-4848, the most extreme example of a new group of highly absorbed X-ray binaries that have recently been discovered by the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory INTEGRAL. The Suzaku observation was carried out between 2006 August 14 and 17, with a net exposure time of 97 ks. The average X-ray spectrum of the source can be well described with a continuum model typical for neutron stars i.e., a strongly absorbed power law continuum with a photon index of 0.676(42) and an exponential cutoff at 20.5(6) keV. The absorbing column is 1.95(3)x10e24 cm-2. Consistent with earlier work, strong fluorescent emission lines of Fe Kalpha, Fe Kbeta, and Ni Kalpha are observed. Despite the large absorbing column, no Compton shoulder is seen in the lines, arguing for a non-spherical and inhomogeneous absorber. Seen at an average 5-60 keV absorbed flux of 3.4x10e-10 erg cm-2 s-1, the source exhibits significant variability on timescales of hours.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in A&A
Why efficient bifunctional hydrogen electrocatalysis requires a change in the reaction mechanism
Creators: name: Razzaq, Samad
name: Exner, Kai S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Hydrogen evolution (HER) and hydrogen oxidation (HOR) are both two-electron processes that culminate in the formation or consumption of gaseous hydrogen in an electrolyzer or a fuel cell, respectively. Unitized regenerative proton exchange membrane fuel cells merge these two functionalities into one device, allowing to switch between the two modes of operation. This prompts the quest for efficient bifunctional electrode materials catalyzing the HER and HOR with reasonable reaction rates at low overpotentials. In the present study using a data-driven framework, we identify a general criterion for efficient bifunctional performance in the hydrogen electrocatalysis, which refers to a change in the reaction mechanism when switching from cathodic to anodic working conditions. The obtained insight can be used in future studies based on density functional theory to pave the design of efficient HER and HOR catalysts by a dedicated consideration of the kinetics in the analysis of reaction mechanisms.
ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE AND SUSTAINABILITY OF BAMBOO PANELS FOR AFFORDABLE HOUSING: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Creators: name: Vikas Kumar
name: Arjun Mukerji
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This study evaluates bamboo panels as a Jugaad solution for addressing architectural challenges in resource-constrained environments. With over 700 million people in extreme poverty, particularly in developing countries like India, affordable and effective building materials are crucial. We assess bamboo panels’ performance against conventional materials, including gypsum board, focusing on waterproofing, insulation, sound absorption, and fire resistance. Functional assessments reveal bamboo’s superior waterproofing and fire resistance, though with modest sound absorption. Life cycle analysis indicates bamboo’s lower manufacturing and operational costs and reduced CO₂ emissions compared to gypsum, despite higher disposal emissions. The findings highlight bamboo panels as a cost-effective, sustainable alternative that aligns with the principles of frugal innovation and Jugaad, offering a practical solution for low-income communities. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, architects, and innovators in developing affordable and environmentally responsible building materials
“Defamation Live”: The Confusing Legal Landscape of Republication in Live Broadcasting
Creators: name: Calvert, Clay
name: Bunker, Matthew D.
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2016

description: Live, broadcast defamation is a murky area of law garnering surprisingly scant scholarly attention. But because libel law typically creates republication liability for broadcasters who air defamatory statements uttered by third parties—even when news organizations have no idea what the third parties are about to say— broadcasters covering live, breaking news events face significant risks of liability for remarks by people at the scene. This Article analyzes the case law of live and spontaneous broadcast defamation, explores the statutory backdrop in such cases and, ultimately, proposes a solution in the form of a “breaking news doctrine” that relieves broadcasters of republication liability if five prerequisites are satisfied.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 39 No. 4 (2016)
Impurity crystal in a Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Roberts, David C.
name: Rica, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the behavior of impurity fields immersed in a larger condensate field in 1, 2, and 3 dimensions. We discuss the localization of a single impurity field within a condensate and note the effects of surface energy. We derive the functional form of the attractive interaction between two impurities due to mediation from the condensate. Generalizing the analysis to $N$ impurity fields, we show that within various parameter regimes a crystal of impurity fields can form spontaneously in the condensate. Finally, the system of condensate and crystallized impurity structure is shown to have nonclassical rotational inertia, which is characteristic of superfluidity, i.e. the system can be seen to exhibit supersolid behavior.
description: 5 pages, 3 color figures; Accepted to Phys. Rev. Lett
From Meerkat to Periscope
Creators: name: Edelman, Marc
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2016

description: On February 27, 2015, San Francisco entrepreneur Ben Rubin announced the launch of his live streaming video application, Meerkat. Named after “the cute but carnivorous mongoose native to Africa,” Meerkat allows users to upload video footage from smartphones to the Internet for worldwide, instantaneous viewing. In the weeks following Meerkat’s launch, Twitter unveiled a similar online application, Periscope, which allows users to watch live videos for up to twenty-four hours after their initial broadcast. Twitter’s more recent entry into the live streaming market has enhanced the credibility of this new technology. Furthermore, it has placed live streaming on the radar of major private equity firms. Although the American business community generally characterizes live streaming as a favorable technological development, the use of live streaming technologies to broadcast (or rebroadcast) commercial sporting events is more controversial. According to one sports network analyst, the advent of live streaming could potentially result in a “Napster-type thing” involving mass infringement of sports enterprises’ intellectual property rights. Another sports industry expert cautioned that “[t]his kind of technology is going to have huge [negative] implications for broadcasters like NBC, which has already paid billions for the Olympics.” This Article discusses the potential impact of live streaming on the commercial sports industry and analyzes whether commercial sports enterprises have the legal power to stop live streaming of professional and collegiate sporting events. Part I of this Article explores the history of live streaming commercial sporting events. Part II analyzes whether courts are likely to hold live streamers directly liable for their actions under federal copyright law. Part III discusses whether courts are likely to hold manufacturers of live streaming applications secondarily liable for copyright infringement. Part IV assesses the legality of live streaming under right of publicity law. Part V then analyzes the legality of live streaming under unfair competition doctrines. Finally, Part VI concludes that current federal and state laws adequately address all meaningful public policy concerns related to the live steaming of commercial sporting events.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 39 No. 4 (2016)
Suicide deaths among reproductive-aged women in the US post-Dobbs: a national time-series analysis
Creators: name: Singh, Parvati
name: Crawford, Alaxandria
name: Gallo, Maria F.
name: Crow, Sarah
name: Powell, Jonathan R.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2025

description:
Purpose The United States Supreme Court’s Dobbs decision in June 2022 may have worsened mental health among reproductive-aged women nationally. We examined whether the Dobbs decision preceded an increase in suicides among reproductive-aged women using national, monthly data, from January 2018-December 2023. Methods We retrieved national monthly suicide counts from January 2018 to December 2023 for women and men 15–49 years of age (overall and stratified by two age groups- 15–24 years, 25–49 years) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research Multiple Cause of Death database. We used time series analyses to examine whether residuals of nationally aggregated counts of monthly suicides among women 15–49, 15–24- and 25–49-years of age (outcomes) exhibited higher-than-expected values following the Dobbs decision, controlling for autocorrelation and concomitant monthly series of suicides among men. Results We observed higher-than-expected residuals of suicides in July and September 2022 among 15–49-year-old women, and in September, October, December 2022 and March 2023 among 15–24-year-old women. No residual outliers were observed among 25–49-year-old women post-Dobbs. Results from time-series analyses indicate an average of 52.5 additional suicides in outlier months among 15–49-year-old women post-Dobbs (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.85, 90.15). The increase appeared pronounced among younger age (15–24 years) women (coefficient = 19.6, 95% CI: 11.17, 28.03). Results suggest 104 additional suicides among 15–49-year-old women, and 78 excess suicides among 15–24-year-old women, nationally, post-Dobbs. Conclusions Findings highlight the adverse impact of the Dobbs ruling on mental health among reproductive-aged women.
Intonation and Compensation of Fretted String Instruments
Creators: name: Varieschi, Gabriele U.
name: Gower, Christina M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present mathematical and physical models to be used in the analysis of the problem of intonation of musical instruments such as guitars, mandolins and the like, i.e., we study how to improve the tuning on these instruments. This analysis begins by designing the placement of frets on the fingerboard according to mathematical rules and the assumption of an ideal string, but becomes more complicated when one includes the effects of deformation of the string and inharmonicity due to other string characteristics. As a consequence of these factors, perfect intonation of all the notes on the instrument can never be achieved, but complex compensation procedures are introduced and studied to minimize the problem. To test the validity of these compensation procedures, we have performed extensive measurements using standard monochord sonometers and other basic acoustical devices, confirming the correctness of our theoretical models. In particular, these experimental activities can be easily integrated into standard acoustics courses and labs, and can become a more advanced version of basic experiments with monochords and sonometers.
description: Improved version, with minor changes. 25 pages, including 6 figures and 2 tables. Accepted for publication in the American Journal of Physics (AJP)
Stochastic aspects of easy quantum groups
Creators: name: Banica, Teodor
name: Curran, Stephen
name: Speicher, Roland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L54, 60C05, 16T30

description: We consider several orthogonal quantum groups satisfying the easiness assumption axiomatized in our previous paper. For each of them we discuss the computation of the asymptotic law of Tr(u^k) with respect to the Haar measure, u being the fundamental representation. For the classical groups O_n, S_n we recover in this way some well-known results of Diaconis and Shahshahani.
description: 28 pages
QCD Corrections to the Radiative Decay B -> X_s gamma
Creators: name: Ferroglia, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this short review, the calculation of the next-to-next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the inclusive radiative decay B -> X_s gamma is described. I summarize the salient features of the calculational framework adopted, discuss the results obtained in the last few years, and indicate the technical tools that made the NNLO calculations possible. I conclude by comparing the current NNLO theoretical estimate for the branching ratio with the experimental measurement and by briefly discussing the size and origin of the residual theoretical uncertainty.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures. Invited review for Modern Physics Letters A
The Role of Temporal Fine Structure in Everyday Hearing
Creators: name: Borjigin, Agudemu
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Neurosciences not elsewhere classified

description: This thesis aims to investigate how one fundamental component of the inner-ear (cochlear) response to all sounds, the temporal fine structure (TFS), is used by the auditory system in everyday hearing. Although it is well known that neurons in the cochlea encode the TFS through exquisite phase locking, how this initial/peripheral temporal code contributes to everyday hearing and how its degradation contributes to perceptual deficits are foundational questions in auditory neuroscience and clinical audiology that remain unresolved despite extensive prior research. This is largely because the conventional approach to studying the role of TFS involves performing perceptual experiments with acoustic manipulations of stimuli (such as sub-band vocoding), rather than direct physiological or behavioral measurements of TFS coding, and hence is intrinsically limited. The present thesis addresses these gaps in three parts: 1) developing assays that can quantify TFS coding at the individual level 2) comparing individual differences in TFS coding to differences in speech-in-noise perception across a range of real-world listening conditions, and 3) developing deep neural network (DNN) models of speech separation/enhancement to complement the individual-difference approach. By comparing behavioral and electroencephalogram (EEG)-based measures, Part 1 of this work identified a robust test battery that measures TFS processing in individual humans. Using this battery, Part 2 subdivided a large sample of listeners (N=200) into groups with “good” and “poor” TFS sensitivity. A comparison of speech-in-noise scores under a range of listening conditions between the groups revealed that good TFS coding reduces the negative impact of reverberation on speech intelligibility, and leads to reduced reaction times suggesting lessened listening effort. These results raise the possibility that cochlear implant (CI) sound coding strategies could be improved by attempting to provide usable TFS information, and that these individualized TFS assays can also help predict listening outcomes in reverberant, real-world listening environments. Finally, the DNN models (Part 3) introduced significant improvements in speech quality and intelligibility, as evidenced by all acoustic evaluation metrics and test results from CI listeners (N=8). These models can be incorporated as “front-end” noise-reduction algorithms in hearing assistive devices, as well as complement other approaches by serving as a research tool to help generate and rapidly sub-select the most viable hypotheses about the role of TFS coding in complex listening scenarios.
Probing itinerant magnetism in ZrZn₂ via μSR
Creators: name: Kush, Dhruv
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Considerably more experimental and theoretical progress has been made in studying local moment magnets compared to itinerant magnets, systems where magnetic moment carriers are delocalized throughout the crystal lattice. Progress is hindered by the small number of known itinerant magnets, difficulties in synthesis, and small moment sizes. In this thesis, we study itinerant magnetism in the intermetallic compound ZrZn₂. Presumed to order ferromagnetically, recent evidence from the local probes of muon spin relaxation (μSR) and time dependent perturbed angular correlation (TDPAC) suggests ZrZn₂’s ordered phase is a more complex magnetic ordering. We find that polycrystalline ZrZn₂ is best synthesized through solid state reaction at reaction temperatures below 700 °C. Impurity phase percentages are found to increase with temperature, with ZrZn₃ being the dominant impurity above 800 °C. Bulk magnetization measurements reveal ZrZn₂ is an unsaturated magnet up to 7T, with a saturated moment size 0.18 μB/f.u. We find saturated moment sizes at 2K, in external fields, are only 10% of free moment sizes obtained from Curie-Weiss like fits to the magnetic susceptibility. Furthermore, Knight shift measurements show the zero field ordered moment corresponding to simple ferromagnetic ordering is only 4% of the free moment. As this is suggestive of geometric moment cancellations in the ordered phase of ZrZn₂, we employ μSR to probe its magnetic ordering in zero field (ZF) and dynamical processes contributing to this ordering in longitudinal field (LF). ZF μSR spectra displays oscillations in the ordered phase (below 15.5K) that are more damped than the only previous report in literature, hinting at inhomogeneities in the measured sample. In the LF geometry, we find non-zero residual relaxation rates in ZrZn₂ persist up to 2K, which is atypical of simple ferromagnets. We conclude that while the temperature dependence of LF relaxation rates above 15.5K and inverse magnetic susceptibility in the paramagnetic regime agrees with the self consistent renormalization theory (SCR) for itinerant ferromagnets, a large difference in ordered and free moment size and non-zero LF relaxation rates up to 2K are suggestive of magnetic ordering more complex than simple ferromagnetism in ZrZn₂.
The Misapplication of “Mastermind”: A Mutant Species of Work for Hire and the Mystery of Disappearing Copyrights
Creators: name: Dougherty, Jay
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2016

description: The title of my talk is “The Misapplication of ‘Mastermind’: A Mutant Species of Work for Hire and the Mystery of Disappearing Copyrights.” Basically, we’re talking about tools for managing complex multi-author works, and the tool that seems to be developing lately in terms of motion pictures, which is a type of complex work, is what the Ninth Circuit tends to call the “mastermind” approach1 and in the Second Circuit they call the “dominant author.” 2 I think they’re roughly interchangeable ideas, and I think that the concept is being misused and isn’t necessary. I’m a very experienced motion picture production lawyer and I don’t buy the “Swiss cheese of copyright” argument that Google likes to make and the courts have endorsed, and we’ll get into that a little more as we go along.3
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 39 No. 3 (2016)
Department of Agriculture Objectives
Creators: name: Graduate School, U. S. Department Of Agriculture
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1936
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Land Economics/Use
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Contents: Extension Service Objectives (C. W. Warburton); History of the Department of Agriculture and the Development of Its Objectives (Carleton R. Ball); Economic Objectives - The Place of the Department in the American Economic System and the Ideals Toward Which It Is Working (Albert G. Black); The Organization of the United States Department of Agriculture -- As a Means of Carrying Out Objectives (Milton S. Eisenhower); The Objectives of the Soil Conservation Service (Howard R. Tolley); Personnel Objectives and How They Contribute to Department Objectives (W. W. Stockberger); Scientific Research - Its General Purpose and How It Contributes to Public Welfare (John R. Mohler); Objectives of the Regulatory Work of the Department (M. G. White); National Land Policy (L. C. Gray); The Place of the Department of Agriculture in the Evolution of Agricultural Policy (M. L. Wilson); [What We Are Trying to Do for the People of the United States, Why It Should Be Done and Why It Can Best Be Done by Centralized Effort] (Henry A. Wallace).
description: A Special Series of Lectures October 9 to December 18 [1936] Inclusive Under the Auspices of the Graduate School.
Activated platelets retain and protect most of their factor XIII-A cargo from proteolytic activation and degradation.
Creators: name: Mutch, Nicola J
name: Luong, Annie
name: Lee, Robert H
name: Mast, Alan E
name: Flick, Matthew J
name: Wolberg, Alisa S
name: Sang, Yaqiu
name: Whyte, Claire S
name: Smith, Nicholas L
name: Bergmeier, Wolfgang
name: Katona, Éva
Publisher: name: American Society of Hematology
Year: 2024

description: Platelet factor (F)XIII-A is a major cytoplasmic protein (~3% of total) representing ~50% of total circulating FXIII. However, mobilization of FXIII-A during platelet activation is not well defined. To determine mechanisms mediating the retention versus release of platelet FXIII-A, platelets from healthy humans and mice (F13a1-/-, Fga-/-, Plg-/-, Stim1fl/fl, Pf4-Cre and respective controls) were stimulated with thrombin, convulxin+thrombin, or calcium ionophore (A23187), in the absence or presence of inhibitors of transglutaminase activity, mRNA translation, microtubule rearrangement, calpain, and Rho GTPase. Platelet releasates and pellets were separated by (ultra)centrifugation. FXIII-A was detected by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Even following strong dual agonist (convulxin+thrombin) stimulation of human platelets, >80% platelet FXIII-A remained associated with the platelet pellet. In contrast, essentially all tissue factor pathway inhibitor, another cytoplasmic protein in platelets, was released to the supernatant. Pellet-associated FXIII-A was not due to de novo synthesis via platelet F13A1 mRNA. The proportion of platelet FXIII-A retained by, versus released from, activated platelets was partly dependent on STIM1 signaling, microtubule rearrangement, calpain, and RhoA activation, but did not depend on the presence of fibrinogen or plasminogen. Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed the presence of considerable FXIII-A within the activated platelets. Whereas released FXIII-A was cleaved to FXIII-A* and could be degraded by plasmin, platelet-associated FXIII-A remained uncleaved. Retention of substantial platelet-derived FXIII-A by activated platelets, and its reduced susceptibility to thrombin- and plasmin-mediated proteolysis, suggests platelet FXIII-A is a protected pool with biological role(s) that differs from plasma FXIII.
The Author Was Not an Author: The Copyright Interests of Photographic Subjects from Wilde to Garcia*
Creators: name: Subotnik, Eva. E.
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2016

description: Toward the end of his dissent in the Ninth Circuit’s en banc opinion in Garcia v. Google, Judge Alex Kozinski remarked that “[w]hen modern works, such as films or plays, are produced, contributors will often create separate, copyrightable works as part of the process.”Judge Kozinski’s characterization of plays (or even films) as “modern works” opens the door to an examination of that claim with respect to another genre of “modern work[]”: the photograph. As I will discuss, Judge Kozinski’s claim has not been true of the allocation of rights within that medium. It is therefore surprising that the majority opinion in Garcia did not cite the Supreme Court’s opinion in Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony. For, as the Ninth Circuit itself had recognized on an earlier occasion, that famous case would seem to be a logical and important precedent for the proposition that, as among multiple potential contributors to an overarching fixed visual work, there is a legally relevant hierarchy. Relatedly, Burrow-Giles would seem to stand for the principle that, unlike the differentiable layers of an onion, in many instances there simply are no micro-authored subparts of the whole to which copyright attaches.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 39 No. 3 (2016)
Poisson asymptotics for random projections of points on a high-dimensional sphere
Creators: name: Benjamini, Itai
name: Schramm, Oded
name: Sodin, Sasha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Project a collection of points on the high-dimensional sphere onto a random direction. If most of the points are sufficiently far from one another in an appropriate sense, the projection is locally close in distribution to the Poisson point process.
description: 6pp., to appear in Israel J. Math
The Other Side of Garcia
Creators: name: Rothman, Jennifer E.
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2016

description: The subject of my talk is a perfect transition from the two prior talks, and a perfect place to end an entire symposium about Copyright Outside the Box—by literally getting out of the copyright box entirely, and talking about the right of publicity and its intersection with copyright law. June Besek started off this panel by describing it as being about “If authorship, what then?” and my twist on this question is, “If not authorship, what then?” Or perhaps instead the turn is toward thinking about authorship in a different way: Are we talking about the author of the underlying film or the underlying work, or instead, are we perhaps talking about a different type of authorship—meaning authorship over oneself, one’s name, or one’s likeness? This latter notion of being the author of oneself is the purview of the right of publicity. Perhaps another way of thinking about my topic is that co-panelist Jay Dougherty’s film producers should still be worried even though they ultimately won in the Ninth Circuit’s rehearing of Garcia v. Google, Inc. Or, yet another lens to consider, is to pick up where my other co-panelist, Eva Subotnik, left off— perhaps the actors and the subjects of photographs have another avenue of asserting their rights, other than copyright law. The title of this talk is “The Other Side of Garcia.” The “other side” is the right of publicity, and its interface with copyright, and in particular with the doctrine of copyright preemption. This intersection or really conflict between the two laws was actually at the heart of Garcia v. Google, although it is rarely talked about in the context of the case.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 39 No. 3 (2016)
Additional file 1 of Preoperative dexamethasone administration in hepatectomy of 25-min intermittent Pringle’s maneuver for hepatocellular carcinoma: protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Huang, Yang
name: Xu, Liangliang
name: Wang, Ning
name: Pu, Xingyu
name: Wang, Wentao
name: Wen, Tianfu
name: Xu, Mingqing
name: Jiang, Li
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1. Consent informed form
The impact of local resonance on the enhanced transmission and dispersion of surface resonances
Creators: name: Wei, Zeyong
name: Fu, Jinxin
name: Cao, Yang
name: Wu, Chao
name: Li, Hongqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the enhanced microwave transmission through the array of metallic coaxial annular apertures (MCAAs) experimentally and theoretically. The even-mode and the odd-mode surface resonances are clarified from the spatial field distributions and the dispersion diagram. The impact of local resonance is thoroughly embodied in the even-mode surface resonant states, while the odd-mode surface resonances are scaled by periodicity, invariant to different local geometry of the unit cell, and invisible in measurements. The enhanced transmission is the collective selections on the interplay between the local resonances and the evanescent Bloch wave channels on the surface. Transmission measurements for different inner diameter of the apertures show that the transmissivity extrema with respect to the specific angles precisely correspond to the degenerate points in the dispersion diagram of surface resonances.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Protection and Enforcement Challenges for Tattoo Copyrights
Creators: name: King, Yolanda M.
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2016

description: Good afternoon. I am going to discuss tattoos. And in twelve minutes I am going to try to summarize tattoo copyrights. I intend to combine discussion of a couple of articles I have written. I have written a series of articles on the copyrightability of tattoos, enforcement of tattoo copyrights, and another article on right of publicity, which, time permitting, I may mention briefly at the end of this presentation, but I am focusing on copyright and tattoos for today. So first I will briefly summarize my first article concerning copyrightability: it addresses the ambiguity regarding protectability of tattoos and the effects of the ambiguity on artists as well of their customers who are the tattoo-bearers. I ultimately conclude that tattoos are copyrightable, but I respond to some interesting arguments by David Nimmer, who is the author of a copyright treatise and was an expert retained by Warner Brothers in Whitmill v. Warner Brothers, which I will discuss in a moment.2 He raises some arguments and he, at least as of now, opines that tattoos are not copyrightable, and I think the opinion is problematic and it will be increasingly problematic as tattoos become more commonplace.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 39 No. 3 (2016)
Authorship and the Boundaries of Copyright: Ideas, Expressions, and Functions in Yoga, Choreography, and Other Works
Creators: name: Buccafusco, Christopher
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2016

description: One man created a series of bodily movements to be performed with musical accompaniment by a group of people. Another man created a different series of bodily movements to be performed with different musical accompaniment also by a group of people. The first man was Vaslav Nijinsky, and the creation was the choreography for the ballet Le Sacré du Printemps. The second man was Richard Simmons, and the creation was Sweatin’ to the Oldies. Is there a difference between these creations for purposes of their copyrightability? If so, where does it lie? Now consider a third creator, Alice. After years of study, research, and practice, Alice develops an original and creative series of physical, bodily movements which, when performed, will produce particular thoughts and feelings in the performer’s mind. In addition, performing the sequence of movements will reduce the performer’s blood pressure and minimize her risk of injury. Finally, Alice intends that some people will see the sequence performed and that they will think that it is graceful and reminiscent of various animals in motion. To what extent, if any, has Alice created a copyrightable work of authorship when she describes the series of movements in text and images? According to the Ninth Circuit’s opinion in Bikram’s Yoga College of India v. Evolation Yoga, the answer is likely none. 3 The court ruled that the series of yoga poses developed by the plaintiff, Bikram Choudhury, was “an idea, process, or system,” and thus, ineligible for copyright protection. This Essay uses the Ninth Circuit’s opinion as an opportunity to analyze the nature of copyrightable authorship and the mechanisms that copyright law uses to screen out uncopyrightable content from copyrightable works. I argue that although the court likely reached the right result in Bikram, it did so in a confused and poorly supported manner. Moreover, the court’s analysis would likely result in a determination that my hypothetical Alice also could not receive copyright protection, even though a proper understanding of copyright doctrine might lead to a different result. I show how courts should deal with situations like these, in which potentially copyrightable expression is combined with unprotectable functional elements. Essential to these questions is an understanding of the nature of copyrightable authorship.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 39 No. 3 (2016)
Bombinator igneus Laur. Larven
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Leptodactylidae
Bombinator

description: Bombinator igneus Laur.
Larven vom 12. Aug. vom Isteinerklotz v. H. H. Knecht; ganz junge Tiere Anfang August, Hardtwald
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 674, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
Amplification and detection of single molecule conformational fluctuation through a protein interaction network with bimodal distributions
Creators: name: Wu, Zhanghan
name: Elgart, Vlad
name: Qian, Hong
name: Xing, Jianhua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A protein undergoes conformational dynamics with multiple time scales, which results in fluctuating enzyme activities. Recent studies in single molecule enzymology have observe this "age-old" dynamic disorder phenomenon directly. However, the single molecule technique has its limitation. To be able to observe this molecular effect with real biochemical functions {\it in situ}, we propose to couple the fluctuations in enzymatic activity to noise propagations in small protein interaction networks such as zeroth order ultra-sensitive phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle. We showed that enzyme fluctuations could indeed be amplified by orders of magnitude into fluctuations in the level of substrate phosphorylation | a quantity widely interested in cellular biology. Enzyme conformational fluctuations sufficiently slower than the catalytic reaction turn over rate result in a bimodal concentration distribution of the phosphorylated substrate. In return, this network amplified single enzyme fluctuation can be used as a novel biochemical "reporter" for measuring single enzyme conformational fluctuation rates.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
An Approach to Why Typography Should be Copyrightability
Creators: name: Phares, Gloria C.
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2016

description: I am here to talk about typefaces, which, in the United States, unlike most of the rest of the world, have no copyright protection at all. With the exception, in a way, of the fact that the computer programs that produce digitized typefaces are protected by copyright, although the typefaces that they produce are not. My contention is that under the 1976 Act, typefaces should be protected. To start, I just want to—since pictures say a thousand words and I have so little time— I want you to look at these fonts and think about the extent to which you can perceive ornamentation and artistic effort apart from the basic letter form.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 39 No. 3 (2016)
Long-term timing of four millisecond pulsars
Creators: name: Janssen, G. H.
name: Stappers, B. W.
name: Bassa, C. G.
name: Cognard, I.
name: Kramer, M.
name: Theureau, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have timed four millisecond pulses, PSRs J1721-2457, J1745-0952, J1810-2005, and J1918-0642, for up to a total of 10.5 years each using multiple telescopes in the European Pulsar Timing Array network: the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope in The Netherlands, the Nancay Radio Telescope in France and the Lovell telescope at Jodrell Bank in the UK. The long time span has enabled us to measure the proper motions of J1745-0952 and J1918-0642, indicating that they have transverse velocities of 200(50) and 54(7) km/s respectively. We have obtained upper limits on the proper motion of J1721-2457 and J1810-2005, which imply that they have transverse velocities less than 140 and 400 km/s respectively. In all cases, the velocities lie in the range typical of millisecond pulsars. We present pulse profiles for each pulsar taken from observations at multiple frequencies in the range of 350 to 2600 MHz, and show that J1810-2005 shows significant profile evolution in this range. Using our multi-frequency observations, we measured the spectral indices for all four pulsars, and for J1810-2005 it appears to be very flat. The flux density of J1918-0642 shows extensive modulation which we attribute to the combined effects of refractive and diffractive scintillation. We discuss the possible use of including J1721-2457 or J1918-0642 in a pulsar timing array, and find that J1918-0642 will be useful to include when the timing precision of this pulsar is improved over the next few years. We have searched archival optical observations to detect companions of the binary pulsars, but none were detected. However, we provide lower limits on the masses of the white dwarf companions of PSRs J1745-0952 and J1918-0642.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics
There’s No Such Thing as a Computer-Authored Work–And It’s a Good Thing, Too
Creators: name: Grimmelman, James
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2016

description: I would like to talk about computer-authored works—I would like to, except that they don’t exist. Copyright law doesn’t recognize computer programs as authors, and it shouldn’t. Some day it might make sense to, but if that day ever comes, copyright will be the least of our concerns. Instead, I will say something about why computer authorship is such a “bad penny of a question,” to use Annemarie Bridy’s felicitous phrase, even though it is so utterly speculative. The scholarship pondering the possibility of computerauthored works is surprisingly extensive, even though no one has ever exhibited even one work that could plausibly claim to have a computer for an “author” in the sense that the Copyright Act uses the term.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 39 No. 3 (2016)
Роль VAC-терапії в лікуванні гнійно-септичних ускладнень після торакотомії
Creators: name: Юрійович, Браїловський Богдан
name: Василівна, Браїловська Вероніка
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Роль VAC-терапії в лікуванні гнійно-септичних ускладнень після торакотомії
The Evolution of Authorship: Work Made by Code
Creators: name: Birdy, Annemarie
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2016

description: While it’s true that robots don’t yet run the world, computer systems dedicated to particular tasks have continued to get smarter and more independent over time. Some of these systems are designed to produce works that fall under the rubric of algorithmic or generative art. Practitioners of generative art take a systemsapproach to artistic production, removing their own personalities from the creative process and ceding control to self-executing algorithms. Often, these artists employ computers to run their algorithms, but sometimes they don’t. Sometimes they compose algorithmically by hand, challenging traditional constructs of artistic inspiration by highlighting the rule-bound nature of human creativity. As Anne Balsamo has pointed out, the term “computer” was originally coined to describe human beings, an irony that many of us don’t appreciate.12 The first “computers” were actually female clerical workers who operated mechanical adding machines. In the realm of popular culture, procedural generation techniques are being used more and more in the design of computer games.13 These techniques promise the development of the endless game, where the user never runs out of levels to complete or terrain to explore because the game itself is generating new content as it’s being played. In the generative art domain, an AI program called AARON provides a good basis for discussing the problems and possibilities associated with computer authorship. AARON’s underlying code was written by Harold Cohen beginning in 1973. Cohen, an art professor at the University of California, San Diego, spent the next thirty years of his career refining AARON’s code and basically “teaching” AARON about color, representation, and form.14 AARON’s works, which are generated autonomously by Cohen’s program, have been exhibited in galleries around the world and are on permanent display at the Computer [History] Museum in Boston.15 As Cohen revised AARON’s code over time, AARON’s output evolved stylistically from representation to abstraction— the type of developmental arc that one might expect of a human artist. Indeed, it was Cohen, through AARON’s changing code, who redefined the outer bounds of AARON’s artistic capacity. There’s certainly no question that
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 39 No. 3 (2016)
Additional file 1 of When in doubt, Google it: distress-related information seeking in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Monzani, Dario
name: Vergani, Laura
name: Marton, Giulia
name: Pizzoli, Silvia F. M.
name: Pravettoni, Gabriella
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Frequency of search terms considered from Google Trends website.
Powerful H$_2$ Line-cooling in Stephan's Quintet : I - Mapping the Significant Cooling Pathways in Group-wide Shocks
Creators: name: Cluver, M. E.
name: Appleton, P. N.
name: Boulanger, F.
name: Guillard, P.
name: Ogle, P.
name: Duc, P. -A.
name: Lu, N.
name: Rasmussen, J.
name: Reach, W. T.
name: Smith, J. D.
name: Tuffs, R.
name: Xu, C. K.
name: Yun, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from the mid-infrared spectral mapping of Stephan's Quintet using the Spitzer Space Telescope. A 1000 km/s collision has produced a group-wide shock and for the first time the large-scale distribution of warm molecular hydrogen emission is revealed, as well as its close association with known shock structures. In the main shock region alone we find 5.0 $\times10^{8}$ M$_{\odot}$ of warm H$_2$ spread over $\sim$ 480 kpc$^2$ and additionally report the discovery of a second major shock-excited H$_2$ feature. This brings the total H$_2$ line luminosity of the group in excess of 10$^42$ erg/s. In the main shock, the H$_2$ line luminosity exceeds, by a factor of three, the X-ray luminosity from the hot shocked gas, confirming that the H$_2$-cooling pathway dominates over the X-ray. [Si II]34.82$μ$m emission, detected at a luminosity of 1/10th of that of the H$_2$, appears to trace the group-wide shock closely and in addition, we detect weak [FeII]25.99$μ$m emission from the most X-ray luminous part of the shock. Comparison with shock models reveals that this emission is consistent with regions of fast shocks (100 < $V_{s}$ < 300 km/s) experiencing depletion of iron and silicon onto dust grains. Star formation in the shock (as traced via ionic lines, PAH and dust emission) appears in the intruder galaxy, but most strikingly at either end of the radio shock. The shock ridge itself shows little star formation, consistent with a model in which the tremendous H$_{2}$ power is driven by turbulent energy transfer from motions in a post-shocked layer. The significance of the molecular hydrogen lines over other measured sources of cooling in fast galaxy-scale shocks may have crucial implications for the cooling of gas in the assembly of the first galaxies.
description: 23 pages, 15 figures, Accepted to ApJ
Emergent Works
Creators: name: Boyden, Bruce E.
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2016

description: We are on the cusp of a very significant change. Programs can now generate music that is commercially viable as background music, or write poetry that is difficult to distinguish from that written by humans.7 They can write simple news stories, such as breaking news about earthquakes or sports.8 They can generate personalized reports from databases, which is essentially what a Google search result is. Or they can create automated videos, as Facebook has done for its users occasionally.9 And they are doing so for financial gain. What is perplexing about these situations is that they seem to be instances in which we have something that looks like a “work,” but there may be no person whose actions resemble those of a traditional “author.” That is, computergenerated works pose a problem for what might be called the “standard model” of copyright law, under which a person, the author, produces a work that is then conveyed to the audience through some sort of medium such as a book. With computer-generated works, the production and conveyance steps become intertwined, with one work—the computer program—producing another work each time it is used. Those subsequent works may contain creative elements that were not present in the first, and thus lack an easily identifiable human origin. When it comes to what might be “emergent works”—works that consist largely of creative elements that have emerged unbidden from the operation of the program—who should be considered the author?
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 39 No. 3 (2016)