Gibbaranea bruuni Lissner, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Lissner, Jørgen
name: Bosmans, Robert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Araneidae
Gibbaranea
Gibbaranea bruuni

description: <b> <i>Gibbaranea bruuni</i> Lissner spec. nov.</b> Figs 1-8 The species described here is assigned to <i>Gibbaranea</i>, based on the presence of the following characters: one pair of laterodorsal tubercles anteriorly on abdomen; a narrow, pale longitudinal dorsal band in front of tubercles; median eyes of the two rows placed in a quadrangle; posterior median eyes larger than anterior medians; all femora of males with blackish apical half in front legs, only apical third in hind legs, blackish area shorter in females; males with a distinct posterior-apical tooth on coxa I and femora I with two rows of ventral spines; leg II of male most heavily spined of all legs; tibia II shorter and slightly thicker than tibia I and with two rows of long and thick ventral to prolateral spines in the apical two-thirds; maxillae with a basal external tooth; male palpal femur with a swelling ventrally and prolaterally; cymbium not spinose, narrow and with straight edges in dorsal view; median apophysis in the male palp in transverse position possessing a narrow spur at proximal end, dilated and blunt at tip; epigyne with short scapus and of similar build as in congeners. <b>Etymology.</b> The species is named in honour of the outstanding arachnologist, friend and mentor of the first author, Lars Bruun. <b>Type material.</b> Holotype &amp;male;: SPAIN: Majorca: Gorg Blau, beaten from bushes in open coniferous forest adjoining the reservoir (N39̊48’3.5”, E2̊48’44.5”), 615 m, 29.X.2014 (specimen matured in captivity), leg. Lissner (CJL-10073). Paratypes: subadult &amp;male;, same as holotype, 29.X.2014, 8&amp;male;&amp;male; 2&amp;female;&amp;female;, 7.X.2015 (all matured in captivity), leg. Lissner (CJL-11026). Holotype and paratypes are deposited at the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. <b>Other material examined.</b> SPAIN: Majorca: Puig Randa, mixed forest, beaten from branches (N39̊31’27.8’’, E2̊55’5’’), 380 m, 1&amp;male;, 27.X.2014 and 1&amp;male; 5&amp;female;&amp;female;, 8.IV.2016 (most specimens matured in captivity), leg. Lissner (CJL-10074). Majorca: Cuber, track along reservoir towards Coll de l’Ofre (N39̊46’11”, E2̊46’ 5”), 815 m, 1&amp;male;, 4.IV.2014 (matured in captivity), leg. Lissner (CJL-1151). Majorca: Gorg Blau, 3&amp;male;&amp;male; 1&amp;female;, beaten from bushes in open coniferous forest adjoining the reservoir (N39̊48’3.5”, E2̊48’44.5”), 615 m, 7.IV.2016 (specimen matured in captivity). Cadiz: Tari- fa, (N36̊0’53’’ W5̊35’18’’), 60m, 2&amp;female;&amp;female;, IV.1992, leg. P. Poot (CRB). PORTUGAL: Beja: Villa Nova de Milfontes, Rio Mira, on bushes bordering salt marsh (N37̊35’54’’ W8̊49’5’’), 5m, 2 &amp;female;&amp;female;, 16.IV.2013, leg. Bosmans (CRB). ALGERIA: El Tarf: El Kala, Lake Tonga, beating branches in <i>Quercus suber</i> forest (N36̊52’35’’ E8̊29’28’’), 5 m, 1&amp;male;, 23.XI.1989, leg. Bosmans (CRB). Tipaza: Zeralda, beating branches of <i>Pistacia lentisca</i> in coastal dunes (N36̊42’53’’E2̊50’36’’), 10 m, 4&amp;female;&amp;female;, 25.IV.1987, leg. Bosmans (CRB). TUNISIA: Jendouba: Ras Rajel, beating branches in <i>Quercus suber</i> forest (N36̊59’9’’ E 8̊51’40’’), 200 m, 1&amp;male;, 8.V.2006, leg. Bosmans (CRB). <i>Gibbaranea gibbosa</i>: SPAIN: Majorca: Gorg Blau, 1&amp;male;, beaten from bushes in open coniferous forest adjoining the reservoir (N39̊48’3.5”, E2̊48’44.5”), 615 m, 29.X.2014 (specimen matured in captivity), leg. Lissner (CJL-10072). ALGERIA: Blida: Meurdja, beating in <i>Cedrus</i> forest (N36̊29’59’’ E3̊8’54’’), 1050 m, 1&amp;female;, 20.IV.1988, leg. Bosmans (CRB); Bouira, Massif du Djurdjura, Tala Rana, beating in <i>Cedrus</i> forest (N36̊25’46’’ E4̊13’57’’), 1400m, 2&amp;male;&amp;male; 1&amp;female;, 1.VI.1988, leg. Bosmans (CRB); Tissemsilt, Massif de l’Ouarsenis, beating in <i>Cedrus</i> forest (N35̊52’15’’, E1̊56’41’’), 1550 m, 1&amp;male;, 19.IV.1988, 1&amp;female;, 13.V.1988, 1&amp;female;, 1.VI.1988, leg. Bosmans (CRB). <i>Gibbaranea occidentalis</i>: PORTUGAL: Azores: Terceira, Terra Brava (N38̊44’7’’, W27̊12’7’’), 650 m, 6&amp;male;&amp;male; 5&amp;female;&amp;female;, 4 juv., VI.2012, leg. Paulo Borges (CJL-11309-11311). Diagnosis The species is separated from congeners by the genitalia being distinctive in both sexes. Males are most easily separated by the shape of the median apophysis. The epigynes of <i>G. bruuni</i> and <i>G. occidentalis</i> are quite similar, but the females of the two species do not overlap in size or in distribution, the much larger <i>G. occidentalis</i> being endemic to the Azores. Description Male <b>Measurements</b> (n=14, average value with range in parenthesis). TL: 3.4 (2.6-4.2), PL: 1.8 (1.4-2.0), PW: 1.4 (1.1-1.6). <b>Colour.</b> A well-camouflaged species, habitus of live specimen as in Fig. 1. Carapace dark brown, rather densely covered with light brown and whitish hairs, particularly in cephalic region (Fig. 1). Chelicerae yellow with grey reticulations on anterior surface. Sternum with dark reticulations. Abdomen with dark brown folium and dark spots in anterior part (Figs 1, 4 b). Areas to the sides of the folium also brownish, only the median line reaching the fore margin of the abdomen is cream or whitish (white in alcohol conserved specimens). Area between epigastric furrow and spinnerets black. With dense co- verage of hairs of same colour as carapace. Trochanters and basal half of femora pale, remaining leg parts annulated with dark brown as in Fig. 1. The many strong spines vary in colour, some whitish with brown bases, some entirely dark, and some dark with pale median part. <b>Eyes.</b> Median eyes projecting and forming a quadrangle as seen in frontal view (Figs 3 a, 3d). All eyes ringed with black, posterior medians with much wider encircling, thus appearing larger than anterior medians (Fig. 3 a). Measurements of eyes relate here only to the diameter of lenses or distances between them: anterior median eyes separated by 0.18 (2.4 times the diameter of an anterior median eye), posterior medians separated by 0.16, anterior medians separated by 0.13 from posterior medians. Sockets of anterior and posterior lateral eyes are contiguous, lenses separated by 0.065. Lens diameter of an anterior median eye 0.075, posterior median eye 0.091, anterior lateral eye 0.066 and posterior lateral eye 0.073. <b>Prosoma.</b> Clypeus as high as the width of an anterior median eye. The lateral edges of carapace rather sharply bent at about midway between the eyes and rear edge (Fig. 3 a). Maxillae with a basal external rounded tooth projecting retrolaterally. Cheliceral promargin with four large teeth, three form a group positioned opposite mid position of fang, and a fourth projecting ca. 45̊ forward, situated near basal position of fang. Cheliceral retromargin with three smaller teeth. <b>Legs.</b> Coxa I with distinct posterior-apical tooth or hook. All legs with strong spines, tibia II most heavily spined of all segments. Leg formula I-II-IV-III. <b>Abdomen.</b> Abdominal humps weakly developed (Fig. 4 b). <b>Male palp.</b> Patella of male palp with two strong dorsal spines (Fig. 5 c). Paracymbium with distinct hook, gradually bent (Figs 6, 7b). Median apophysis of the male palp transverse with blackish endal spur abruptly narrowed near tip and with a blunt ectal end (Figs 5 a, 7b). Conductor spoon-like, narrowed and smoothly bent near tip (Fig.7a). Terminal apophysis barely with dark sclerotization. Female <b>Measurements</b> (n=11, average value with range in parenthesis). TL: 4.1 (3.6-4.8), PL: 2.1 (1.9-2.3), PW: 1.8 (1.5-1.9). <b>Colour</b> (Fig. 2). In drab colours as male and with similar colour of pubescence. Dark annulations of femora I and II less prominent, only apical quarter of segments are dark brown. Chelicerae and sternum coloured as in male. Abdomen with folium. One female out of eleven collected in Majorca has different abdominal markings, possessing a dark triangle spanning the width of the dorsum in area of humps. Females from Tunisia and Portugal have prosoma grey brown, cephalic part with triangular whitish spot, abdomen at level of humps with triangular grey to nearly black spot with median white stripe in anterior part, posterior part white with minute brown speckles contrasting abruptly with grey brown venter. <b>Eyes.</b> Quadrangle of median eyes situated on a less projecting prominence compared to the male. Eyes of the same size as in male, but spaced more apart due to a wider head in the female. Measurements: anterior median eyes separated by 0.23 (3.1 times the diameter of an anterior median eye), posterior medians separated by 0.22, anterior medians separated by 0.15 from posterior medians. Sockets of anterior and posterior lateral eyes contiguous, lenses separated by 0.075. Lens diameter of an anterior median eye 0.075, posterior median eye 0.091, anterior lateral eye 0.075 and posterior lateral eye 0.077. <b>Prosoma.</b> Clypeus 1½ times higher as the width of an anterior median eye. Lateral edges of carapace smoothly narrowed with protruding sides of head convex (Fig. 3 d). Cheliceral promargin with four large, equally spaced teeth, retromargin with three smaller teeth as in male. <b>Legs.</b> As in male but with tooth on coxa I lacking and spination of tibia II not much different from that of other tibiae. <b>Abdomen.</b> Humps of female much more pronounced than in male (compare Figs 2, 4 a, with figs 1, 4b). <b>Epigyne/vulva.</b> with central structure looping around lateral bulb-like structures all the way to the posterior margin of the epigyne, almost to join opposite loop (Figs 8 a, 9a, 9b). Scape circular in ventral view. Ducts of vulva form mirrored “S” (Figs 8 b, 9c). Spermathecae circular, separated by slightly less their diameter (Figs 9 b, 9c). Discussion This is the smallest member of the genus with measured males and females not exceeding 4.2 and 4.8 mm respectively. The species does not overlap in size with any congeners, except males of <i>G. occidentalis</i> (TL: 3.2-5.5 according to data in Wunderlich 1989). Measurement data is based mainly on Majorcan specimens, and the size-ranges presented here may not extrapolate to all populations throughout the distributional range of the species. The species resembles <i>G. gibbosa</i> with which it may co-occur, but possesses no green markings. The green colours of <i>G. gibbosa</i> may be striking in live specimens, but fades in alcohol with time. Southern European specimens of <i>G. gibbosa</i> are generally much less greenish than Northern European ones. Accordingly, the Majorcan specimen of <i>G. gibbosa</i> has only a green median spot at the anterior border of the abdomen. In <i>G. bruuni</i> there is a fairly thin midline in this place, white or cream in all live specimens inspected. A complete lack of green colours may be distinctive for <i>G. bruuni</i> and allow separation from <i>G. gibbosa</i> in the field. The shape of the male prosoma as seen in dorsal view also differs between the two species. The lateral margin is rather abruptly narrowed in <i>G. bruuni</i>, while tapering smoothly in <i>G. gibbosa</i>, and the head is not approximately parallel-sided as in <i>G. occidentalis</i>. Abdominal humps as in congeners, largest in females, but with base of humps in non-gravid females less clearly delineated from the abdomen compared to <i>G. gibbosa</i> and humps are not directed upwards, but to the side as in <i>G. bituberculata</i>. Size and direction of the humps may be different in gravid females. The palp is highly distinctive, particularly the wedgeshaped median apophysis terminating in a blackish spur and with edges undulating (Fig. 5 a). The ectal end is blunt in all three species: <i>G. bruuni</i>, <i>G. gibbosa</i> and <i>G. occidentalis</i> (Fig. 5). Paracymbium with distinct hook as in <i>G. gibbosa</i>, but more gradually bent. The marginal sclerotized coil of the epigyne is parallel-sided and not widened anteriorly as in <i>G. gibbosa</i> (compare Fig. 8 a with Fig. 168g in Almquist 2005). The scapus of <i>G. bruuni</i> is roughly as long as wide in ventral view, not longer than wide as in <i>G. occidentalis</i>, and the spermathecae are situated further apart (compare Figs 8 a, 8b with Figs 6, 9 in Wunderlich (1989). Otherwise the epigynes appear very similar in ventral view, that of <i>G. occidentalis</i> only slightly larger than that of <i>G. bruuni</i> even though the overall size of females differs considerably between these species. The new species is assumed to be closest to <i>G. gibbosa</i> and <i>G. occidentalis</i>, based on a similar build of the male palp and epigyne as illustrated by Roberts (1995) and Wunderlich (1989). <i>G. bruuni</i> seems to possess relatively little variability in colouration compared to the huge variability in <i>G. occidentalis</i>, the markings of the latter species also highly variable among specimens captured at the same locality (Figs 10-11). <b>Habitat and phenology.</b> In Majorca specimens were beaten from bushes and lower branches of conifers in fairly shaded areas at 380-815 m a.s.l. At Cuber and Gorg Blau it is particularly common in dense stands of thorny, unpalatable shrubs in grazed, open forest. At Gorg Blau it co-occurred with <i>G. gibbosa</i>, at Puig Randa with <i>G. bituberculata</i>. Subadults were collected in late October and performed their final moult in captivity from late November – early January (males generally earlier than females). In the field males have been encountered in October, April and May and females in April. Subadults of both sexes collected in April matured later in April or in May. In Algeria, one adult male was captured in October, in Tunisia one adult male in May. Adult females were captured in April in Algeria and Portugal. In North Africa, <i>Gibbaranea bruuni</i> was only captured at low altitude, from sea level to 200 m, while <i>G. gibbosa</i> was only found in forests above 1000 m. <b>Distribution.</b> Algeria, Portugal, Spain (Majorca, Cadiz), Tunisia.
description: Published as part of <i>Jørgen Lissner &amp; Robert Bosmans, 2016, Description of a new Gibbaranea (Araneae: Araneidae) from the Western Mediterranean, pp. 25-30 in Arachnologische Mitteilungen 52</i> on pages 25-29, DOI: 10.5431/aramit5205, http://zenodo.org/record/197197
description: {"references": ["Wunderlich J 1989 Beschreibung einer bisher unbekannten Gibbaranea - Art (Araneidae) von der Azoren (Arachnida: Araneae). - Entomologische Zeitschrift 99: 205 - 208", "Almquist S 2005 Swedish Araneae, part 1: families Atypidae to Hahniidae (Linyphiidae excluded). - Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution Supplement 62: 1 - 284", "Roberts MJ 1995 Spiders of Britain &amp; Northern Europe. Collins Field Guide, HarperCollins, London. 383 pp."]}