cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of Niobium Superconducting Cavities to Trapped Magnetic Flux Dissipation
Creators: name: Gonnella, Dan
name: Kaufman, John
name: Liepe, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Future particle accelerators such as the the SLAC ``Linac Coherent Light Source-II'' (LCLS-II) and the proposed Cornell Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) require hundreds of superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities operating in continuous wave (CW) mode. In order to achieve economic feasibility of projects such as these, the cavities must achieve a very high intrinsic quality factor ($Q_0$) to keep cryogenic losses within feasible limits. To reach these high $Q_0$'s in the case of LCLS-II, nitrogen-doping has been proposed as a cavity preparation technique. When dealing with $Q_0$'s greater than 1\e{10}, the effects of ambient magnetic field on $Q_0$ become significant. Here we show that the sensitivity to RF losses from trapped magnetic field in a cavity's walls is strongly dependent on the cavity preparation. Specifically, standard electropolished and 120$^\circ$C baked cavities show a residual resistance sensitivity to trapped magnetic flux of $\sim0.6$ and $\sim0.8$ n$Ω$/mG trapped, respectively, while nitrogen-doped cavities show a sensitivity of $\sim$ 1 to 5 n$Ω$/mG trapped. We show that this difference in sensitivities is directly related to the mean free path of the RF surface layer of the niobium: shorter mean free paths lead to less residual resistance sensitivity to trapped magnetic flux in the dirty limit ($\ell<>ξ_0$). These experimental results are also shown to have good agreement with recent theoretical predictions for pinned vortex lines oscillating in RF fields.
The Effectiveness of Inquiry-Based Design as a Tool for Creating a Content Management System in a Healthcare Billing Environment
Creators: name: Saslaw, Laura R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009
Subjects: Content management system
Resource portal
Usability testing
SharePoint
Inquiry-based design
Information architecture

description: Many organizations wishing to build content management systems in a World Wide Web environment have limited funding and staff expertise. This study tested the effectiveness of an inquiry-based design tool as an aid for populating a content management system in a business environment. The design tool had previously been used to develop a website for the University of Indiana at Bloomington's School of Education. This study used the Indiana design tool at University of North Carolina Healthcare System's Physicians & Associates as a method of creating a resource portal for employees. The protocol combined inquiry-based design and usability testing to design the information architecture for the resource portal. The results suggested that the methods employed in the University of Indiana protocol can be used to guide the development of other resource portals and to create successful content management systems.
Additional file 1 of Auditory processing in rodent models of autism: a systematic review
Creators: name: Wilde, Maya
name: Constantin, Lena
name: Thorne, Peter R.
name: Montgomery, Johanna M.
name: Scott, Ethan K.
name: Cheyne, Juliette E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Primary research articles which passed the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. Studies conducted using mouse models on the C57/Black6 background at an age over 3 months are indicated by an asterisk after the author name. Supplementary Table 2. Rodent models with auditory phenotypes described in this review. Gene names are formatted as in the cited papers, with alternate names for equivalent human genes used in SFARI gene in brackets where relevant. Supplementary Figure 1. The ascending auditory processing pathway with presumed changes in autism based on results from human studies. Excitatory (red) and inhibitory (blue) connections between structures along the pathway are illustrated along with the changes to these connections and the activity within areas in human autism studies. Connections are primarily ipsilateral unless otherwise stated. Responses in the superior olivary complex occur later, likely due to slower transmission from the cochlear nuclei. Responses in the inferior colliculus also occur later, but it is unclear whether it is input from the cochlear nuclei or the superior olivary complex, or both, which is delayed. Signals from the auditory thalamus take longer to reach the auditory cortex in human autism papers. There is decreased activity and increased latency (N1), and reduced gamma in the auditory cortex in human autism studies.
What Formal Languages Can Transformers Express? A Survey
Creators: name: Strobl, Lena
name: Merrill, William
name: Weiss, Gail
name: Chiang, David
name: Angluin, Dana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As transformers have gained prominence in natural language processing, some researchers have investigated theoretically what problems they can and cannot solve, by treating problems as formal languages. Exploring such questions can help clarify the power of transformers relative to other models of computation, their fundamental capabilities and limits, and the impact of architectural choices. Work in this subarea has made considerable progress in recent years. Here, we undertake a comprehensive survey of this work, documenting the diverse assumptions that underlie different results and providing a unified framework for harmonizing seemingly contradictory findings.
description: One minor correction in {\S}5.1
Inverse identification framework for cohesive zone model incorporating failure mode based on multi-island genetic algorithm
Creators: name: Shi, Tianxiang
name: Pang, Miao
name: Wang, Yangyang
name: Zhang, Yongqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Composite interfaces are commonly simulated by cohesive zone models with the key challenge being the calibration of interfacial parameters. A new framework is presented in this paper to derive the characteristic of any cohesive zone model. This approach employs the multi-island genetic algorithm to obtain the interface parameters aligning closely with the experimental observations. The introduced framework innovatively formulates an objective function, considering both the congruence of the load-displacement curve and the alignment with the failure mode of model. The framework combines machine learning and multi-objective optimization. A method using the interface debonding length to quantify the failure mode of the model is proposed. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed framework, the newly strength-based cohesive zone model is taken as an example, and key parameters and damage evolution are identified accurately. The inverse algorithm is used to identify the interface parameters of both the double cantilever beam experiment and the four-point bending test. The robustness and accuracy of the framework are validated through the double cantilever beam test. The findings indicate that the numerical results align closely with the experimental data, confirming that the interface parameters identified by the proposed framework can reproduce the performance of the adhesive joints.
Reformvorschlag für die Wahl des Deutschen Bundestages (Äquivalente Sitzzuteilung)
Creators: name: Möhring, Jakob
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Sitzzuteilungsverfahren
Bundestagswahl
reguläre Sitzzahl
Wahlrechtsreform

description: Die äquivalente Sitzzuteilung ist ein beispielhaftes Sitzzuteilungsverfahren für die Wahl der Abgeordneten des Deutschen Bundestages. Der politische Willen der Wählenden wird mit der für das Parlament vorgesehenen regulären Sitzzahl in drei Schritten jeweils vollständig auf Bundes-, Landes- und Wahlkreisebene wirklichkeitsnah abgebildet. Die äquivalente Sitzzuteilung erfolgt als Verbindung einer lose gebundenen Listenwahl (Erststimme in den Wahlkreisen) mit einer starren Listenwahl (Zweitstimme in den Bundesländern). Ausführliche Beschreibung mit Erläuterungen und Musterberechnungen
 anhand der Wahlergebnisse der Bundestagswahlen von 2002 bis 2021.
 PDF, 50 Seiten, 30000 Worte. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7573348 Äquivalente Sitzzuteilung (Kurzfassung).
 PDF, 7 Seiten, 2500 Worte. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7573379
An Analysis of the Adoption of World Wide Web Common Gateway Interface (CGI) Technology within Higher Education Environments
Creators: name: Sanks, Dawn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000
Subjects: Internet
World Wide Web (WWW)
Interactive computer systems
Universities and colleges

description: This study draws on prior research of the adoption of Web technologies to examine the adoption of a World Wide Web technology, specifically Common Gateway Interface (CGI) technologies, by institutions of higher education. Both quantitative and qualitative measures were gathered through use of online and paper surveys of college and university study abroad offices. The goal of this study was to investigate the determining factors in the decision making process for adoption or rejection of CGI technologies and to describe how early adopters implemented the technology. The results showed that institution size was not related to the adoption of GCI technologies; however, study abroad population size did prove to have a strong relationship with the adoption of this technology.
Orbit and dynamic origin of the recently recovered Annama's H5 chondrite
Creators: name: Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M.
name: Lyytinen, Esko
name: Gritsevich, Maria
name: Moreno-Ibáñez, Manuel
name: Bottke, William F.
name: Williams, Iwan
name: Lupovka, Valery
name: Dmitriev, Vasily
name: Kohout, Tomas
name: Grokhovsky, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the fall of Annama meteorite occurred in the remote Kola Peninsula (Russia) close to Finnish border on April 19, 2014 (local time). The fireball was instrumentally observed by the Finnish Fireball Network. From these observations the strewnfield was computed and two first meteorites were found only a few hundred meters from the predicted landing site on May 29th and May 30th 2014, so that the meteorite (an H4-5 chondrite) experienced only minimal terrestrial alteration. The accuracy of the observations allowed a precise geocentric radiant to be obtained, and the heliocentric orbit for the progenitor meteoroid to be calculated. Backward integrations of the orbits of selected near-Earth asteroids and the Annama meteoroid showed that they rapidly diverged so that the Annama meteorites are unlikely related to them. The only exception seems to be the recently discovered 2014UR116 that shows a plausible dynamic relationship. Instead, analysis of the heliocentric orbit of the meteoroid suggests that the delivery of Annama onto an Earth-crossing Apollo type orbit occurred via the 4:1 mean motion resonance with Jupiter or the nu6 secular resonance, dynamic mechanisms that are responsible for delivering to Earth most meteorites studied so far.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures and 4 tables
An emission map of the disk-circumgalactic medium transition in starburst IRAS 08339+6517
Creators: name: Nielsen, Nikole M.
name: Fisher, Deanne B.
name: Kacprzak, Glenn G.
name: Chisholm, John
name: Martin, D. Christopher
name: Chu, Bronwyn Reichardt
name: Sandstrom, Karin M.
name: Vaught, Ryan J. Rickards
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most of a galaxy's mass is located out to hundreds of kiloparsecs beyond its stellar component. This diffuse reservoir of gas, the circumgalactic medium (CGM), acts as the interface between a galaxy and the cosmic web that connects galaxies. We present kiloparsec-scale resolution integral field spectroscopy of emission lines that trace cool ionized gas from the center of a nearby galaxy to 30 kpc into its CGM. We find a smooth surface brightness profile with a break in slope at twice the 90% stellar radius. The gas also transitions from being photoionized by HII star-forming regions in the disk to being ionized by shocks or the extragalactic UV background at larger distances. These changes represent the boundary between the interstellar medium (ISM) and the CGM, revealing how the dominant reservoir of baryonic matter directly connects to its galaxy.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures, 2 extended data figures, 2 tables. Authors' version. Accepted: 14 Aug 2024. Published in Nature Astronomy 6 Sep 2024
SALLM: Security Assessment of Generated Code
Creators: name: Siddiq, Mohammed Latif
name: Santos, Joanna C. S.
name: Devareddy, Sajith
name: Muller, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the growing popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software engineers' daily practices, it is important to ensure that the code generated by these tools is not only functionally correct but also free of vulnerabilities. Although LLMs can help developers to be more productive, prior empirical studies have shown that LLMs can generate insecure code. There are two contributing factors to the insecure code generation. First, existing datasets used to evaluate LLMs do not adequately represent genuine software engineering tasks sensitive to security. Instead, they are often based on competitive programming challenges or classroom-type coding tasks. In real-world applications, the code produced is integrated into larger codebases, introducing potential security risks. Second, existing evaluation metrics primarily focus on the functional correctness of the generated code while ignoring security considerations. Therefore, in this paper, we described SALLM, a framework to benchmark LLMs' abilities to generate secure code systematically. This framework has three major components: a novel dataset of security-centric Python prompts, configurable assessment techniques to evaluate the generated code, and novel metrics to evaluate the models' performance from the perspective of secure code generation.
description: Accepted at the 6th International Workshop on Automated and verifiable Software sYstem DEvelopment (ASYDE) with ASE Conference 2024
A Web-Services Approach for Integration of Heterogeneous Bioinformatics Databases and Software
Creators: name: Zhang, Jun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003
Subjects: Web Services
System Structure--Multiple-tier architecture
Information system--Design
Bioinformatics Databases Integration

description: Biotechnology researchers increasingly rely their research on the large amount of data stored in multiple heterogeneous bioinformatics databases. Typically, they need to access these databases in a sequential and/or a parallel manner. Thus, an integrated environment and a unified interface are critical for them. This thesis addresses this requirement by introducing a Web-Services based architecture for integrating bioinformatics databases and discusses an implementation that integrates the PDB database, the ProTherm database and the MuSE software. The integrated system has a multiple-tier architecture centered with Web-Services. In addition to use Web-Services as the interface to access databases, the system uses JSP for presentation, Servlet as the controller to provide an extensible and flexible integration management component, and Databases as the backend for data storage. The interface of the integrated system uses multiple frames and provides a unified interface to access integrated system as well as other databases and software.
Äquivalente Sitzzuteilung (Kurzfassung)
Creators: name: Möhring, Jakob
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Sitzzuteilungsverfahren
Bundestagswahl
reguläre Sitzzahl
Wahlrechtsreform

description: Die äquivalente Sitzzuteilung ist ein beispielhaftes Sitzzuteilungsverfahren für die Wahl der Abgeordneten des Deutschen Bundestages. Der politische Willen der Wählenden wird mit der für das Parlament vorgesehenen regulären Sitzzahl in drei Schritten jeweils vollständig auf Bundes-, Landes- und Wahlkreisebene wirklichkeitsnah abgebildet. Die äquivalente Sitzzuteilung erfolgt als Verbindung einer lose gebundenen Listenwahl (Erststimme in den Wahlkreisen) mit einer starren Listenwahl (Zweitstimme in den Bundesländern). Ausführliche Beschreibung mit Erläuterungen und Musterberechnungen anhand der Wahlergebnisse der Bundestagswahlen von 2002 bis 2021.
 PDF, 50 Seiten, 30000 Worte. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7573348 Äquivalente Sitzzuteilung (Kurzfassung).
 PDF, 7 Seiten, 2500 Worte. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7573379
Stable Solitons in Three Dimensional Free Space: Self-Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensates with Spin-Orbit Coupling
Creators: name: Zhang, Yong-Chang
name: Zhou, Zheng-Wei
name: Malomed, Boris A.
name: Pu, Han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By means of variational methods and systematic numerical analysis, we demonstrate the existence of stable solitons in three-dimensional (3D) free space, in the context of binary atomic condensates combining contact self-attraction and spin-orbit coupling, which can be engineered by available experimental techniques. Depending on the relative strength of the intra- and inter-component attraction, the stable solitons feature a semi-vortex or mixed-mode structure. In spite of the fact that the local cubic self-attraction gives rise to the supercritical collapse in 3D, the solitons are stable against random perturbations, motion, and collisions.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. Lett
Alphabet Books as a Tool for Teaching Pre-reading Skills and  Alphabet Awareness
Creators: name: Griffin, Erin E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010
Subjects: English language--Alphabet--Juvenile literature
Children's reading--Educational aspects
Alphabet books

description: This paper examines ten alphabet books using content analysis to determine  whether the books would be effective in teaching pre-reading and alphabet skills.  The criteria were formed from research in the subjects of cognitive development,  early literacy, and previous studies on alphabet books. Though few of the books  were found to be effective teaching tools, most of the books could still serve some  purpose, whether as a read-aloud, an entertaining read, or for an older child to read  to himself. The success of these books in teaching pre-reading and alphabet  concepts greatly depends on how adults present the information to children, and  adult guidance can oftentimes make up for what a book lacks. This paper is  intended as a guide to help parents, guardians, librarians, and educators select  alphabet books to read to children.
Data Packet Structure for the LCR Oyster Project
Creators: name: Moreno, Melissa
name: Pine, William E.
name: Coleman, Tyler
name: Aufmuth, Joseph
name: Maxwell, Daniel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: data validation
double entry
data reconciliation
biological data
ecological data

description: The data packet structure document contains guidelines on how to make data packets for the Lone Cabbage Reef Restoration project. Each data type collected is subject to a data packet which will require double data entry, as well as data validation of those entries. The packet includes definitions of column names and acceptable variables for those columns. This data packet structure is also found on our project GitHub, https://github.com/LCRoysterproject/repo_structure.
Additional file 1 of Protective effects of calcyclin-binding protein against pulmonary vascular remodeling in flow-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension
Creators: name: Zhou, Jingjing
name: Li, FuRong
name: Yang, Yicheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Antibodies information for immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescent (IF) and western blot.
Living Legacies: Recovering Data from 5¼” Floppy Disk Storage Media for the Commodore 64
Creators: name: Trujillo, Shaun M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011
Subjects: Personal archives
Floppy disks
Electronic data archives--Conservation and restoration

description: In an attempt to investigate the challenges of recovering and preserving digital objects from legacy systems this case study focuses on working with a particular storage medium and computing hardware. This study illustrates the physical and representational challenges that result from recovering data created with a Commodore 64 computer and stored on 5¼" floppy disks. A system for classifying types of digital objects found in the sample of recovered data was developed. This study contributes to the discourse of collecting institutions engaged in digital preservation and provides examples of ad hoc solutions for working through the challenges of recovering meaningful information from legacy systems. The issues that come to light in this study can be extended beyond the context of the Commodore 64 to include other types of digital resources and computing artifacts that will potentially cross the archival threshold in the near future.
Creatividad, veracidad y participación en las campañas electorales
Creators: name: Suing, Abel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: comunicación
política
Ecuador
Elecciones
Derechos
Gobierno
Ciudadanos
Participación

description: Publicación en la sección de opinión del diario digital hora 32 https://hora32.com.ec/ que se edita en Loja (Ecuador)
Vochysia allenii Standl. & L. O. Williams
Creators: name: MONRO, A. K.
name: SANTAMARÍA-AGUILAR, D.
name: GONZÁLEZ, F.
name: CHACÓN, O.
name: SOLANO, D.
name: RODRÍGUEZ, A.
name: ZAMORA, N.
name: FEDELE, E.
name: CORREA, M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Myrtales
Vochysiaceae
Vochysia
Vochysia allenii

description: Vochysia allenii Standl. & L.O.Williams
Mayo, Mayo blanco, Botarrama blanco, Mayo rosado, Palo de mayo, Areno colorado, Botarrama negro, Baak, Barbachele, Barbaschele, San juanillo (CR).
 Terrestrial trees. Distribution in PILA 0–1000 m, low elevation mixed forest, mixed forest in transition to low elevation forest. Global distribution: Nicaragua to Colombia. Records: R. Aguilar 1140 (INB). Uses: timber.
description: Published as part of MONRO, A. K., SANTAMARÍA-AGUILAR, D., GONZÁLEZ, F., CHACÓN, O., SOLANO, D., RODRÍGUEZ, A., ZAMORA, N., FEDELE, E. & CORREA, M., 2017, A first checklist to the vascular plants of La Amistad International Park (PILA), Costa Rica-Panama, pp. 448-450 in Phytotaxa 322 (1) on pages 448-450, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.322.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13698397
Nonlinear wave dynamics near phase transition in $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric localized potentials
Creators: name: Nixon, Sean
name: Yang, Jianke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear wave propagation in parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetric localized potentials is investigated analytically near a phase-transition point where a pair of real eigenvalues of the potential coalesce and bifurcate into the complex plane. Necessary conditions for phase transition to occur are derived based on a generalization of the Krein signature. Using multi-scale perturbation analysis, a reduced nonlinear ODE model is derived for the amplitude of localized solutions near phase transition. Above phase transition, this ODE model predicts a family of stable solitons not bifurcating from linear (infinitesimal) modes under a certain sign of nonlinearity. In addition, it predicts periodically-oscillating nonlinear modes away from solitons. Under the opposite sign of nonlinearity, it predicts unbounded growth of solutions. Below phase transition, solution dynamics is predicted as well. All analytical results are compared to direct computations of the full system and good agreement is observed.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Fast ZZ-Free Entangling Gates for Superconducting Qubits Assisted by a Driven Resonator
Creators: name: Huang, Ziwen
name: Kim, Taeyoon
name: Roy, Tanay
name: Lu, Yao
name: Romanenko, Alexander
name: Zhu, Shaojiang
name: Grassellino, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Engineering high-fidelity two-qubit gates is an indispensable step toward practical quantum computing. For superconducting quantum platforms, one important setback is the stray interaction between qubits, which causes significant coherent errors. For transmon qubits, protocols for mitigating such errors usually involve fine-tuning the hardware parameters or introducing usually noisy flux-tunable couplers. In this work, we propose a simple scheme to cancel these stray interactions. The coupler used for such cancellation is a driven high-coherence resonator, where the amplitude and frequency of the drive serve as control knobs. Through the resonator-induced-phase (RIP) interaction, the static ZZ coupling can be entirely neutralized. We numerically show that such a scheme can enable short and high-fidelity entangling gates, including cross-resonance CNOT gates within 40 ns and adiabatic CZ gates within 140 ns. Our architecture is not only ZZ free but also contains no extra noisy components, such that it preserves the coherence times of fixed-frequency transmon qubits. With the state-of-the-art coherence times, the error of our cross-resonance CNOT gate can be reduced to below 1e-4.
The Michaelis-Menten reaction scheme as a unified approach towards the optimal restart problem
Creators: name: Rotbart, Tal
name: Reuveni, Shlomi
name: Urbakh, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of restart, and retry, on the mean completion time of a generic process. The need to do so arises in various branches of the sciences and we show that it can naturally be addressed by taking advantage of the classical reaction scheme of Michaelis and Menten. Stopping a process in its midst, only to start it all over again, may prolong, leave unchanged, or even shorten the time taken for its completion. Here we are interested in the optimal restart problem, i.e., in finding a restart rate which brings the mean completion time of a process to a minimum. We derive the governing equation for this problem and show that it is exactly solvable in cases of particular interest. We then continue to discover regimes at which solutions to the problem take on universal, details independent, forms which further give rise to optimal scaling laws. The formalism we develop, and the results obtained, can be utilized when optimizing stochastic search processes and randomized computer algorithms. An immediate connection with kinetic proofreading is also noted and discussed.
Automatic Robot Hand-Eye Calibration Enabled by Learning-Based 3D Vision
Creators: name: Li, Leihui
name: Yang, Xingyu
name: Wang, Riwei
name: Zhang, Xuping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hand-eye calibration, as a fundamental task in vision-based robotic systems, aims to estimate the transformation matrix between the coordinate frame of the camera and the robot flange. Most approaches to hand-eye calibration rely on external markers or human assistance. We proposed Look at Robot Base Once (LRBO), a novel methodology that addresses the hand-eye calibration problem without external calibration objects or human support, but with the robot base. Using point clouds of the robot base, a transformation matrix from the coordinate frame of the camera to the robot base is established as I=AXB. To this end, we exploit learning-based 3D detection and registration algorithms to estimate the location and orientation of the robot base. The robustness and accuracy of the method are quantified by ground-truth-based evaluation, and the accuracy result is compared with other 3D vision-based calibration methods. To assess the feasibility of our methodology, we carried out experiments utilizing a low-cost structured light scanner across varying joint configurations and groups of experiments. The proposed hand-eye calibration method achieved a translation deviation of 0.930 mm and a rotation deviation of 0.265 degrees according to the experimental results. Additionally, the 3D reconstruction experiments demonstrated a rotation error of 0.994 degrees and a position error of 1.697 mm. Moreover, our method offers the potential to be completed in 1 second, which is the fastest compared to other 3D hand-eye calibration methods. Code is released at github.com/leihui6/LRBO.
description: Accepted by Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems
libepa -- a C++/Python library for calculations of cross sections of ultraperipheral collisions
Creators: name: Zhemchugov, E. V.
name: Godunov, S. I.
name: Karkaryan, E. K.
name: Novikov, V. A.
name: Rozanov, A. N.
name: Vysotsky, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The library provides a set of C++/Python functions for computing cross sections of ultraperipheral collisions of high energy particles under the equivalent photons approximation. Cross sections are represented through multiple integrals over the phase space. The integrals are calculated through recurrent application of algorithms for one dimensional integration. The paper contains an introduction to the theory of ultraperipheral collisions, discusses the library approach and provides a few examples of calculations.
description: 31 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. See the arXiv archive for supplementary materials (code). Introduced new section Validation comparing libepa results to gamma-UPC [2207.03012]. This is the version accepted by the journal
To Like or Not to Like: Archives, Facebook, and the Digital Frontier of Outreach
Creators: name: Hager, Joshua
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013
Subjects: Archives--Reference services
Library outreach programs
Web 2.0

description: This study describes interviews with twenty-three archivists across the United States who currently maintain a Facebook Page for their respective institutions.  The interviews were conducted to determine why these institutions have chosen to utilize Facebook and social media more broadly, what guidelines could be drawn for future archival participation on Facebook, and if Facebook-based outreach was effective. Based on the interviews as well as analytical data, most of the institutions included in this study have had success using Facebook as an outreach tool.  They used Facebook in order to conform with expectations, raise the public profile of their institution, and share collections.  The interviews also reveal four guidelines that could help archivists have further success on Facebook:  highlight visual items; work collaboratively with other institutions to take advantage of Facebook's sharing tools; profile items with intrinsic value; and establish a narrow identity that focuses on one or two specific subjects.
Additional file 1 of Barriers and facilitators to clinical behaviour change by primary care practitioners: a theory-informed systematic review of reviews using the Theoretical Domains Framework and Behaviour Change Wheel
Creators: name: Mather, Melissa
name: Pettigrew, Luisa M.
name: Navaratnam, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA checklist.
Parallel Quantum-Enhanced Sensing
Creators: name: Dowran, Mohammadjavad
name: Win, Aye L.
name: Jain, Umang
name: Kumar, Ashok
name: Lawrie, Benjamin J.
name: Pooser, Raphael C.
name: Marino, Alberto M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum metrology takes advantage of quantum correlations to enhance the sensitivity of sensors and measurement techniques beyond their fundamental classical limit given by the shot noise limit. The use of both temporal and spatial correlations present in quantum states of light can extend quantum-enhanced sensing to a parallel configuration that can simultaneously probe an array of sensors or independently measure multiple parameters. To this end, we use multi-spatial mode twin beams of light, which are characterized by independent quantum-correlated spatial subregions in addition to quantum temporal correlations, to probe a four-sensor quadrant plasmonic array. We show that it is possible to independently and simultaneously measure local changes in refractive index for all four sensors with a quantum enhancement in sensitivity in the range of $22\%$ to $24\%$ over the corresponding classical configuration. These results provide a first step towards highly parallel spatially resolved quantum-enhanced sensing techniques and pave the way toward more complex quantum sensing and quantum imaging platforms.
CMBS Valuation Model
Creators: name: Lee, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: CMBS Valuation Model

description: Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities (CMBS) are bonds backed by pools of mortgages on commercial and multifamily real estate. Securitization of these mortgages into a CMBS allows one to divide the loans into credit classes, where the investor may buy securities of various credit qualities.
description: https://ia904708.us.archive.org/21/items/fxOptionBGM/fxOptionBGM.pdf
Strong Female Heroism: An Analysis of Sex-Types Portrayed By Female Protagonists Over a Twenty-Year Span
Creators: name: Dixon, Allison
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013
Subjects: Content analysis
Fantasy
Young adult fantasy

description: This study performed a content analysis of eight juvenile and young adult fantasy novels. Four of the books were published between the years 1990 and 1992, and four were published between the years 2010 and 2012. This study compared differences in sex-typed roles displayed by female protagonists utilizing the Bem Sex Role Inventory. Employing the BSRI, each protagonist was labeled as displayed feminine, masculine, or androgynous behavior. It was found that the books published in the early 1990s displayed clearly sex-typed females, as either masculine or feminine, whereas books published twenty years later displayed androgynous females.
Additional file 2 of Barriers and facilitators to clinical behaviour change by primary care practitioners: a theory-informed systematic review of reviews using the Theoretical Domains Framework and Behaviour Change Wheel
Creators: name: Mather, Melissa
name: Pettigrew, Luisa M.
name: Navaratnam, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Search strategy. Search concepts, keywords and MeSH terms used to derive search strategies. Search strategy.
Additional file 3 of Barriers and facilitators to clinical behaviour change by primary care practitioners: a theory-informed systematic review of reviews using the Theoretical Domains Framework and Behaviour Change Wheel
Creators: name: Mather, Melissa
name: Pettigrew, Luisa M.
name: Navaratnam, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Quality appraisal. Adapted scoring system for the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses. Quality of empirical studies: appraisal instruments and quality scores. Quality appraisal criteria.
Strong constraints on the gravitational law from $Gaia$ DR3 wide binaries
Creators: name: Banik, Indranil
name: Pittordis, Charalambos
name: Sutherland, Will
name: Famaey, Benoit
name: Ibata, Rodrigo
name: Mieske, Steffen
name: Zhao, Hongsheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We test Milgromian dynamics (MOND) using wide binary stars (WBs) with separations of $2-30$ kAU. Locally, the WB orbital velocity in MOND should exceed the Newtonian prediction by $\approx 20\%$ at asymptotically large separations given the Galactic external field effect (EFE). We investigate this with a detailed statistical analysis of $Gaia$ DR3 data on 8611 WBs within 250 pc of the Sun. Orbits are integrated in a rigorously calculated gravitational field that directly includes the EFE. We also allow line of sight contamination and undetected close binary companions to the stars in each WB. We interpolate between the Newtonian and Milgromian predictions using the parameter $α_{\rm{grav}}$, with 0 indicating Newtonian gravity and 1 indicating MOND. Directly comparing the best Newtonian and Milgromian models reveals that Newtonian dynamics is preferred at $19σ$ confidence. Using a complementary Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis, we find that $α_{\rm{grav}} = -0.021^{+0.065}_{-0.045}$, which is fully consistent with Newtonian gravity but excludes MOND at $16σ$ confidence. This is in line with the similar result of Pittordis and Sutherland using a somewhat different sample selection and less thoroughly explored population model. We show that although our best-fitting model does not fully reproduce the observations, an overwhelmingly strong preference for Newtonian gravity remains in a considerable range of variations to our analysis. Adapting the MOND interpolating function to explain this result would cause tension with rotation curve constraints. We discuss the broader implications of our results in light of other works, concluding that MOND must be substantially modified on small scales to account for local WBs.
description: 48 pages, 28 figures. Published in MNRAS in this form, corrected minor typo in Equation 33
Gravitational memory signal from neutrino self-interactions in supernova
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Soumya
name: Bose, Debanjan
name: Chakraborty, Indranil
name: Hait, Arpan
name: Mohanty, Subhendra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrinos with large self-interactions, arising from exchange of light scalars or vectors with mass $M_ϕ\simeq 10{\rm MeV}$, can play a useful role in cosmology for structure formation and solving the Hubble tension. It has been proposed that large self-interactions of neutrinos may change the observed properties of supernova like the neutrino luminosity or the duration of the neutrino burst. In this paper, we study the gravitational wave memory signal arising from supernova neutrinos. Our results reveal that memory signal for self-interacting neutrinos are weaker than free-streaming neutrinos in the high frequency range. Implications for detecting and differentiating between such signals for planned space-borne detectors, DECIGO and BBO, are also discussed.
description: Revised, rewritten version with some additions and omissions, matches with the published version in PRD letters
Additional file 4 of Barriers and facilitators to clinical behaviour change by primary care practitioners: a theory-informed systematic review of reviews using the Theoretical Domains Framework and Behaviour Change Wheel
Creators: name: Mather, Melissa
name: Pettigrew, Luisa M.
name: Navaratnam, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Additional data. Characteristics of included reviews.
Upscaling the shallow water model with a novel roughness formulation
Creators: name: Özgen, Ilhan
name: Teuber, Katharina
name: Simons, Franz
name: Liang, Dongfang
name: Hinkelmann, Reinhard
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie
subject: upscaling
subject: roughness formulation
subject: shallow water equations
subject: overland flow

description: This study presents a novel roughness formulation to conceptually account for microtopography and compares it to four existing roughness models from literature. The aim is to increase the grid size for computational efficiency, while capturing subgrid scale effects with the roughness formulation to prevent the loss in accuracy associated with coarse grids. All roughness approaches are implemented in the Hydroinformatics Modeling System and compared with results of a high resolution shallow water model in three test cases: rainfall-runoff on an inclined plane with sine-wave shaped microtopography, flow over an inclined plane with random microtopography and rainfall-runoff in a small natural catchment. Although the high resolution results can not be reproduced exactly by the coarse grid model, e.g. local details of flow processes can not be resolved, overall good agreement between the upscaled models and the high resolution model has been achieved. It is concluded that the accuracy increases with the number of calibration parameters available, however the calibration process becomes more difficult. Using coarser grids results in significant speedup in comparison with the high resolution simulation. In the presented test cases the speedup varies from 20 up to 2520, depending on the size and complexity of the test case and the difference in cell sizes. The proposed roughness formulation generally shows the best agreement with the reference solution, compared to the other models investigated in this study.
Urban flood modeling using shallow water equations with depth-dependent anisotropic porosity
Creators: name: Özgen, Ilhan
name: Zhao, Jiaheng
name: Liang, Dongfang
name: Hinkelmann, Reinhard
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie
subject: porous shallow water equations
subject: anisotropic porosity
subject: finite volume method
subject: case studies

description: The shallow water model with anisotropic porosity conceptually takes into account the unresolved subgrid-scale features, e.g. microtopography or buildings. This enables computationally efficient simulations that can be run on coarser grids, whereas reasonable accuracy is maintained via the introduction of porosity. This article presents a novel numerical model for the depth-averaged equations with anisotropic porosity. The porosity is calculated using the probability mass function of the subgrid-scale features in each cell and updated in each time step. The model is tested in a one-dimensional theoretical benchmark before being evaluated against measurements and high-resolution predictions in three case studies: a dam-break over a triangular bottom sill, a dam-break through an idealized city and a rainfall-runoff event in an idealized urban catchment. The physical processes could be approximated relatively well with the anisotropic porosity shallow water model. The computational resolution influences the porosities calculated at the cell edges and therefore has a large influence on the quality of the solution. The computational time decreased significantly, on average three orders of magnitude, in comparison to the classical high-resolution shallow water model simulation.
Additional file 5 of Barriers and facilitators to clinical behaviour change by primary care practitioners: a theory-informed systematic review of reviews using the Theoretical Domains Framework and Behaviour Change Wheel
Creators: name: Mather, Melissa
name: Pettigrew, Luisa M.
name: Navaratnam, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5. Evidence mapping. Mapping of emergent themes to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Evidence table.
Bacteria Colony Tracking for Long Term Studies of Antibiotic Resistance using CRISPR
Creators: name: Pandey, Santosh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Agricultural biotechnology diagnostics (incl. biosensors)
Agricultural biotechnology not elsewhere classified
Medical biotechnology not elsewhere classified
Nanomedicine
Regenerative medicine (incl. stem cells)
Medical biotechnology diagnostics (incl. biosensors)
Chemical engineering design
Food engineering
Powder and particle technology
Food chemistry and food sensory science
Food sustainability
Food technology
Food safety, traceability, certification and authenticity
Biochemistry and cell biology not elsewhere classified
Enzymes
Cellular interactions (incl. adhesion, matrix, cell wall)

description: Bacterial populations grown in a lab environment are typically seen as homogeneous in terms of growth rate, size, and content. However, recent findings have shown that even during exponential growth phase, these cells can be heterogeneous. This has important consequences for how bacteria respond to stressors such as antibiotics. For example, the concept of antimicrobial persistence is linked to a small subpopulation of cells that enter a dormant state where antibiotics are no longer effective. While methods exist for identifying non-growing cells in bacterial cultures, less attention has been paid to how these cells may affect growth on solid surfaces. To address this, a low-cost, open-source platform has been developed to analyze bacterial colony growth on multiple agar plates simultaneously. The system includes a temperature-controlled chamber, high-resolution scanner, and software for extracting and plotting colony lag time and growth kinetics. The system was tested using a wild-type strain of E. coli and has the potential to provide new insights into understanding the impact of microbial heterogeneity on antibiotic resistance and persistence.
 S. Pandey, Yunsoo Park, Ankita Ankita, Gregory J. Phillips, Scan4CFU: Low-cost, open-source bacterial colony tracking over large areas and extended incubation times, HardwareX, Volume 10, 2021, e00249,
 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohx.2021.e00249.
 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468067221000791)