Zosime destituta Kim, Jung & Yoon, 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Kim, Jong Guk
name: Jung, Tae Won
name: Yoon, Seong Myeong
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Maxillopoda
Harpacticoida
Tisbidae
Zosime
Zosime destituta

description: Zosime destituta sp. nov.
(Figs. 1–4)
Type locality. Off Hansando Island (34°46′17.4''N 128°27′46.9''E), Tongyeong-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea.
Type material examined. Holotype female (NIBRIV0000326501) dissected on a slide. Paratypes: one female (NIBRIV0000326502) dissected on 13 slides; two undissected females (NIBRIV0000364128, NIBRIV0000364129) were preserved in 99.9 % ethanol. All material has been deposited in the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) in South Korea and was collected from the type locality on 24 March 2014.
Description of female (holotype). Body (Fig. 1 A, B) fusiform, subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly, with narrow constriction between prosome and urosome; total body length 667 µm measured from anterior margin of rostrum to posterior margin of caudal ramus laterally; surface with reticulate ornamentation (Fig. 1 C), covered by minute setules except for cephalothorax. Posterior border of each somite crenate except for pre-anal and anal somites, with 3–8 sensilla; pseudoperculum (Fig. 3 C) on pre-anal somite (urosomite 5) with 10 well-developed spinous projections. Rostrum (Fig. 1 A) triangular, fused at base to cephalothorax; anterior and lateral margins concave; with paired sensilla and small apical protrusion. Cephalothorax with 31 sensilla; ventrolateral margin crenate. Ventrolateral margin of thoracic somites crenate, possessing sensillum, with row of setules anteriorly. All urosomites except for pre-anal and anal somites with well-developed pleurotergite, bearing one sensillum (Fig. 3 A). Original segmentation of genital double-somite marked by dorsal and lateral subcuticular ridges (Figs. 1 A, B), fused ventrally (Fig. 3 A); posterior margin with 2 small processes ventrally, each bearing sensillium. Genital field (Fig. 3 A, B) with median copulatory pore, with paired genital apertures; P6 represented by 1 plumose and 2 naked setae. Posterior margin of pre-anal somite crenulate ventrally. Anal somite (Fig. 3 C) small; dorsal surface with 2 sensilla; anal opening triradiate, fringed with deeply incised frill.
Caudal ramus (Fig. 3 A, C) cylindrical, 1.8 times as long as greatest width, with slightly convex inner and outer lateral margins, and possessing with 7 setae: seta I small, inserted ventrally at about halfway down outer margin; seta II twice as long as seta I, inserted distally at 3/4 distance of outer margin; seta III as long as seta II, inserted subdistally at outer corner; distal setae IV and V well-developed, covered with minute spinules except for proximal part; seta VI as long as seta III, inserted distally at inner corner; seta VII tri-articulated at base, inserted distally on dorsal surface.
Antennule (Fig. 2 A) robust, short, 6-segmented: segment 1 with 2 rows of spinules on anterior margin; segment 2 longest, with subcuticular ridge medially; segments 4 and 6 with aesthetasc; segment 6 with transverse suture, indicating former division between segments 6 and 7. Setal formula as follows: 1-[1], 2-[15], 3-[3], 4- [3+ae], 5-[5], 6-[8+ae].
Antenna (Fig. 2 B). Coxa small. Basis elongate, with 2 rows of spinules, with 1 pinnate abexopodal seta. Exopod 3-segmented; proximal segment with small plumose seta; middle segment shortest, with 1 spinulose seta; distal segment longer than preceding segments combined, with 3 spinulose and 1 pinnate setae. Endopod 2- segmented; proximal segment with long spinulose inner seta; distal segment longer than proximal one, inner margin with 2 long spinulose and 1 short delicate setae, and 2 groups of spinules, distal margin with 1 long spinulose, 4 long pinnate and 1 delicate pinnate setae, inner distal corner with row of spinules.
Mandible (Fig. 2 C). Gnathobase well-developed, armed with 6 teeth and 1 pinnate seta; outermost tooth largest and multicuspidate, innermost one small and spinule-like. Palp consisting of basis, exopod, and endopod; basis with 3 plumose setae distally; exopod small, 1-segmented, bilobate, inner and outer lobes with 1 and 2 apical plumose setae, respectively; endopod 1-segmented, with 4 plumose setae.
Maxillule (Fig. 2 D). Praecoxal arthrite well-developed, with 7 pinnate or spinulose spines on distal margin and 2 setae on anterior surface. Coxa with pinnate outer seta; coxal endite with 3 pinnate setae distally. Basal endite elongate, with 5 pinnate setae distally, with row of spinules on surface. Exopod 1-segmented, with 3 plumose setae. Endopod 1-segmented, wide, with 6 plumose setae.
Maxilla (Fig. 2 E). Syncoxa with row of outer spinules proximally, with 3 endites: proximal endite bilobate, each lobe with 2 pinnate and 1 bare setae; middle endite with 1 pinnate and 2 bare setae; distal endite with 2 spinelike elements and 1 bare seta. Basal endite with 2 spine-like elements and 2 bare setae. Endopod 1-segmented, elongate, with 3 apical and 2 lateral elements.
Maxilliped (Fig. 2 F). Syncoxa elongate, with row of setules along lateral margin proximally. Basis shorter and narrower than syncoxa, with pinnate seta at distal corner and row of setules on lateral margin distally. Endopod 1- segmented, small, with 1 plumose and 1 pinnate setae apically, with 1 delicate and 1 long bare setae laterally.
P1 (Fig. 3 D). Intercoxal sclerite wide and arched. Coxa with 3 rows of spinules on anterior surface. Basis slightly smaller than coxa, with 3 rows of spinules on anterior surface, 1 plumose outer seta, and 1 long pinnate inner spine. Exopod 3-segmented; outer margin of each segment with spinules as shown; exp-1 with row of inner setules and 1 spinulose outer spine; exp-2 with 1 spinulose outer spine and 1 plumose inner seta; exp-3 with 1 plumose inner and 2 spinulose apical elements, and 2 outer spinulose spines. Endopod 2-segmented, reaching to end of exopod; outer margin of each segment with spinules as shown; enp-1 slightly longer than wide, with plumose inner seta; enp-2 narrower and longer than preceding segment, with 1 plumose inner and 1 spinulose apical setae and 1 outer spinulose spine.
P2–P4 (Figs. 3 E, 4A, B). Intercoxal sclerite wide, arched. Coxa with 4 rows of spinules on anterior surface. Basis smaller than coxa, with 1–3 rows of spinules on anterior surface and 1 plumose outer seta. Both rami 3- segmented; exopod longer than endopod; each exopodal segment with outer spinules and inner setules; exp-1 and exp-2 each with 1 plumose inner seta and 1 spinulose outer spine, exp-3 with 2 plumose inner setae, 2 apical elements, and 3 spinulose outer spines; each endopodal segment with setules or spinules along outer margin; enp-2 and P4 enp-3 with inner setules; enp-1 and enp-2 each with 1 plumose inner seta, enp-3 except for P4 with 1 plumose inner seta, 2 apical elements, and 1 spinulose outer spine; P4 enp-3 with 2 apical elements and 1 spinulose outer spine.
P5 (Fig. 4 C). Intercoxal sclerite small. Baseoendopod wide, with outer cylindrical peduncle bearing pinnate seta; endopodal lobe reaching halfway down of exopod, with 2 long pinnate setae. Exopod fused to baseoendopod, with 3 marginal and 1 surface setae.
Male. Unknown.
Etymology. The specific name, destituta, is derived from the Latin adjective destitutus, meaning ‘lacking’. This name refers to the absence of the inner seta on P4 enp- 3 in the female of the new species.
Remarks. The new species, Zosime destituta sp. nov., is very similar to Z. valida Sars, 1919 which was originally described from outside the Oslofjord (Sars 1919). Females of both species share the presence of 5 elements on P1 exp-3 and 2 setae on P5 endopodal lobe, and the length to width ratio of caudal ramus (about 2.0:1; Table 1). However, Zosime destituta and Z. valida can be differentiated by the combination of the following features: the number of segments of the antennule (6 segments in Z. destituta, but 7 segments in Z. valida); the absence of the inner seta on P4 enp- 3 in Z. destituta, but it is present in Z. valida; P6 being represented by 3 setae in Z. destituta, but with 2 setae in Z. valida. The absence of the inner seta on P4 enp-3 of Z. destituta is unique within the genus. The only other species that displays 3 elements on P4 enp-3 is Z. bathyalis Por, 1967, but in this species the outer spine appears to be absent and the inner seta present (Por 1967).
Subgroup Species A1 A2 Md Setal formula of thoracic legs (exp/enp)
no. of exp, exp/enp, no. of P1 P2 P3 seg. setal formula setae
anneae Z. anneae 8 1.1.4 3/4 0.1.123/1.121 1.1.223/1.1.121 1.1.223/1.1.121
-group
incrassata Z. incrassata 7 1.0.2 1/2 0.1.122/1.121 1.1.223/1.1.121 1.1.323/1.1.221
-group Z. bathybia 7 1.0.3 1/2 0.1.122/1.121 1.1.223/1.1.121 1.1.323/1.1.221 Z. reyssi 7 1.0.2 1/- 0.1.122/1.020 1.1.223/1.1.121 1.1.323/1.1.1(2)21
typica Z. typica 6 1.1.3 3/4 0.1.123/1.121 1.1.223/1.1.121 1.1.223/1.1.121(a)
-group Z. major 6 1.1.3(b) 3/4(b) 0.1.123/1.121 1.1.223/1.1.121 1.1.223/1.1.121(b) Z. valida 7 1.1.4 2 or 3/4 0.1.122/1.111 1.1.223/1.1.121 1.1.223/1.1.121 Z. gisleni 6 unknown 3/4(c) 0.1.123/1.121 1.1.223/1.1.121 1.1.223/1.1.121(d) Z. mediterranea 6(e) 1.1.3(e) 3/4(e) 0.1.123/1.111 1.1.223/1.1.121(e) 1.1.223/1.1.121(e) Z. bathyalis 6 0.1.5 3/3 0.1.122/1.111 1.1.222/1.1.121 1.1.222/1.1.120 Z. erythraea 6 unknown 3/4 0.0.122(3)/1.111 1.1.223/1.1.121(f) 1.1.223/1.1.121(f) Z. atlantica 7 1.1.3 4/4 0.1.123/1.111 1.1.223/1.1.121 1.1.223/1.1.121 Z. paramajor 6 1.1.4 3/4 0.1.122/1.111 1.1.223/1.1.121 1.1.223/1.1.121 Z. bergensis 6(g) 1.1.3(g) 3/4(g) 0.1.123/1.111 1.1.223/1.1.121(g) 1.1.223/1.1.121(g) Z. paratypica 7 1.1.4 3/4 0.1.123/1.121 1.1.223/1.1.121 1.1.223/1.1.121 Z. pacifica 6 1.1.4 3/4 0.1.123/1.121 1.1.223/1.1.121 1.1.223/1.1.121 Z. destituta 6 1.1.4 3/4 0.1.122/1.111 1.1.223/1.1.121 1.1.223/1.1.121 ……continued on the next page Subgroup Species Setal formula of thoracic legs P5 P6 CR Reference (exp/enp)
P4 P5 exp, surface seta rami no. of setae L/W
ratio
anneae -group Z. anneae 1.1.223/1.1.121 4/4 present fused 3 4.0 Koller & George (2011)
incrassata Z. incrassata 1.1.323/1.1.121 4/3 absent separate unknown 1.1 Sars (1910)
group Z. bathybia 1.1.323/1.1.121 4/3 absent separate 1 1.2 Bodin (1968), Apostolov & Petkovski (1980) Z. reyssi 1.1.323/1.1.121 4/4 absent partially separate unknown 1.2 Dinet (1974)
typica Z. typica 1.1.223/1.1.121 4/3 present fused unknown 2.6 Boeck (1873), Sars (1903, 1910), Wells
group (2007) Z. major 1.1.223/1.1.121 4/4 present fused unknown 3.0 Sars (1919), Wells (2007) Z. valida 1.1.223/1.1.121 4/2 present fused 2 1.7 Sars (1919), Por (1964), Kornev & Chertoprud (2008) Z. gisleni 1.1.223/1.1.121 4/3 present fused unknown 3.0 Lang (1948), Por (1967) Z. mediterranea 1.1.223/1.1.121(e) 4/4 present fused unknown 2.0 Monard (1937), Lang (1948), Wells (2007) Z. bathyalis 1.1.222/1.1.120 4/4 present fused unknown 2.3 Por (1967) Z. erythraea 1.1.223/1.1.121(f) 4/4 present fused unknown 4.0 Por (1967) Z. atlantica 1.1.223/1.1.121 4/4 present fused unknown 2.2 Bodin (1968) Z. paramajor 1.1.223/1.1.121 4/4 present fused 2 2.9 Bodin (1968) Z. bergensis 1.1.223/1.1.121(g) 4/3 present fused unknown 3.3 Drzycimski (1968) Z. paratypica 1.1.223/1.1.121 4/3 or 4 present fused unknown 4.0 Becker & Schriever (1979) Z. pacifica 1.1.223/1.1.121 4/2 present fused 2 2.0 Fiers (1991) Z. destituta 1.1.223/1.1.021 4/2 present fused 3 1.8 Present study
Boeck (1873) described inadequately the type species, Z. typica, without illustration. Sars (1903) described subsequently Z. typica and provided the illustrations of most appendages without P3.
According to Well’s (2007) keys, the exp-3 and enp-2 of P3 have 7 and 4 setae in Z. typica, respectively.
Sars (1919) mentioned that the antenna, mouth parts, and P1–P4 of Z. major are similar to those of the type species.
Lang (1948) mentioned that the mandible of Z. gisleni is normal.
Lang (1948) mentioned that the P1–P4 of Z. gisleni are similar to those of type species.
This species was first described as Z. major by Monard (1937) and subsequently revised to a new species as Z. mediterranea on the basis of the differences in the caudal rami, pseudoperculum, and
1 by Lang (1948). According to Well’s (2007) keys, the exp-3 and enp-2 of P2–P4 have 7 and 4 setae in Z. mediterranea, respectively.
Por (1967) mentioned that the P2–P4 of Z. erythraea are similar to those of Z. gisleni.
Drzycimski (1968) mentioned that the antennule, antenna, mouth parts, and P2–P4 of Z. bergensis are similar to those of the type species.
description: Published as part of Kim, Jong Guk, Jung, Tae Won & Yoon, Seong Myeong, 2016, A new species of Zosime (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Zosimeidae) from shallow subtidal habitats in Korea, with notes on the genus, pp. 323-334 in Zootaxa 4136 (2) on pages 324-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4136.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/259610