Calpodes stingo Zhang & Cong & Grishin 2023, new species
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Cong, Qian
name: Grishin, Nick V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Calpodes
Calpodes stingo

description: Calpodes stingo Grishin, new species   
https://zoobank.org/ C1F403E7-718A-427C-9882-2C56D6D2B124  
(Fig. 8 part, 197–198, 435–437)  
 Definition and diagnosis. Phylogenetic trees reveal that a specimen from Ecuador identified as Calpodes placens (A. Butler, 1874) (type locality Colombia: Bogota) shows prominent genetic differentiation from it (Fig. 8): e.g., their COI barcodes differ by 3.6% (24 bp), and therefore represents a new species. This new species keys to “ Saliana placens ” (O.14.9) in Evans (1955) but differs from it by much reduced orange overscaling between the pale base and brown tornus of ventral hindwing with that area being more brown than pale or orange (in C. placens, pale basal color intrudes into the brown area and is framed with yellow and orange), as well as darker and more restricted rusty overscaling on forewing above. Due to the lack of additional specimens and unknown phenotypic variation, most reliable identification is achieved by DNA and a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly1603.82.16:T51C, aly1603.82.16:A54G, aly84.57.9:A48T, aly671.7.4:T54C, aly619.9.1:T48C, aly4305.15.6:T303T (not C), aly1041.22.3:G133G (not A), aly 2103.6.1:A392A (not G), aly144.20.2:T57T (not A), aly18882.2.3:G48G (not T), and COI barcode: A34C, A58G, A373T, 220C, T653C.   
 Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-18112H02, GenBank OR837713, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGTATTTGAGCAGGCATATTAGGTACTTCATTAAGTTTGTTAATTCGTACTGAATTAGGTAACCCTGGTTCATTAATT GGAGATGACCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTTACAGCTCATGCCTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCTATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGAAATT GATTAGTTCCATTAATATTAGGTGCCCCTGATATAGCTTTTCCTCGAATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGAATACTCCCCCCTTCATTAACTTTATTAAT TTCAAGAAGAATTGTAGAAAATGGTGCAGGAACAGGTTGAACGGTTTACCCCCCCCTTTCATCCAATATTGCCCACCAAGGTTCATCTGTTGATTTA GCAATTTTTTCTTTACATTTAGCAGGAATCTCATCAATTTTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTACTACAATTATTAATATACGAATTAAAAATTTAATAT TTGATCAAATACCATTATTTGTTTGATCTGTAGGAATTACAGCATTATTATTACTTTTATCATTACCTGTTTTAGCAGGAGCTATTACTATATTACT TACTGATCGAAATTTAAATACATCTTTTTTTGATCCTGCAGGAGGAGGTGATCCTATTTTATATCAACATCTATTT   
 Type material. Holotype: ♂ deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA (USNM), illustrated in Fig. 197–198, bears the following four rectangular labels, three white: [ECUADOR: Sucumbíos, | Cerro Lumbaquí Norte, | 0° 01′70″ N, 77° 19′22″ W | 800–950 m, 18–22 Aug 2002 | J.P.W. Hall & M.A. Solis], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-18112H02 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], [USNMENT | {QR Code} | 01531422], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♂ | Calpodes | stingo Grishin].   
 Type locality. Ecuador: Sucumbíos Province, Cerro Lumbaquí Norte, elevation 800–950 m, approx. GPS 0.0283, −77.3203   
 Etymology. In Latin, placens means pleasing, and stinguō means to put out or extinguish. The name stingo is given to this species with a “pleasing” orange streak removed from the ventral hindwing. The name is a noun in apposition.   
 Distribution. Currently known only from the holotype collected in north-central Ecuador.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, pp. 1-115 in Insecta Mundi 2023 (26) on page 80, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10396362