cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Great Transformation of Regulated Industries Law
Creators: name: Merrill, Thomas W.
name: Kearney, Joseph D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Telecommunication--Law and legislation
subject: Electric utilities--Law and legislation
subject: Natural gas--Law and legislation
subject: Antitrust law
subject: History
subject: Transportation--Law and legislation
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: The nation's approach to regulating its transportation, telecommunications, and energy industries has undergone a great transformation in the last quarter-century. The original paradigm of regulation, which was established with the Interstate Commerce Act's regulation of railroads beginning in 1887, was characterized by legislative creation of an administrative agency charged with general regulatory oversight of particular industries. This approach did not depend on weather the regulated industry was naturally competitive or was a natural monopoly, and it was designed to advance accepted goals of reliability and, in particular, non-discrimination. By contrast, under the new paradigm, which is manifested most clearly in the Telecommunications Act of 1996, the goals of regulation have become the promotion of competition and maximization of consumer choice. The role of agencies has been reduced to monitoring access and pricing of "bottleneck" monopolies such as the local telecommunications loop and electricity distribution systems.

Having described this transformation in six core common carrier and public utility industries -- railroads, airlines, trucks, telecommunications, electricity, and natural gas -- the Article sets out on a quest to find its causes. No consistent pattern of institutional leadership can be discerned in any of the three types of government actors with the power to compel change: the regulatory agencies, the courts, and the Congress. This suggests that the causes are rooted in deep-seated economic and social forces, such as technological changes, and chain reactions that have emerged as regulatory reform in one industry segment has spread to another segment. The Article concludes that the two most persuasive explanations are that key interest groups have discovered that regulatory change is in their interests, and that an ideological consensus has emerged among economists and other policy elites that the original paradigm entails risks of regulatory failure that exceed the risks of market failure under the new paradigm.
NuSTAR discovery of a luminosity dependent cyclotron line energy in Vela X-1
Creators: name: Fuerst, Felix
name: Pottschmidt, Katja
name: Wilms, Joern
name: Tomsick, John A.
name: Bachetti, Matteo
name: Boggs, Steven E.
name: Christensen, Finn E.
name: Craig, William W.
name: Grefenstette, Brian W.
name: Hailey, Charles J.
name: Harrison, Fiona
name: Madsen, Kristin K.
name: Miller, Jon M.
name: Stern, Daniel
name: Walton, Dominic
name: Zhang, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present NuSTAR observations of Vela X-1, a persistent, yet highly variable, neutron star high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB). Two observations were taken at similar orbital phases but separated by nearly a year. They show very different 3-79 keV flux levels as well as strong variability during each observation, covering almost one order of magnitude in flux. These observations allow, for the first time ever, investigations on kilo-second time-scales of how the centroid energies of cyclotron resonant scattering features (CRSFs) depend on flux for a persistent HMXB. We find that the line energy of the harmonic CRSF is correlated with flux, as expected in the sub-critical accretion regime. We argue that Vela X-1 has a very narrow accretion column with a radius of around 0.4 km that sustains a Coulomb interaction dominated shock at the observed luminosities of Lx ~ 3x10^36 erg/s. Besides the prominent harmonic line at 55 keV the fundamental line around 25 keV is clearly detected. We find that the strengths of the two CRSFs are anti-correlated, which we explain by photon spawning. This anti-correlation is a possible explanation for the debate about the existence of the fundamental line. The ratio of the line energies is variable with time and deviates significantly from 2.0, also a possible consequence of photon spawning, which changes the shape of the line. During the second observation, Vela X-1 showed a short off-state in which the power-law softened and a cut-off was no longer measurable. It is likely that the source switched to a different accretion regime at these low mass accretion rates, explaining the drastic change in spectral shape.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Anviisning til at finde de Stæder i de gamle Danske og Norske Love og Forordninger, hvoraf Kong Christian den Femtes Norske Lov for den største Deel er taget; 1762
Creators: name: Ewensen, Lorentz
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2014

description: Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Kiøbenhavn, 1762. Trykt hos Andreas Hartvig Godiche, som første Forlegger boende i Skinder-Gaden nest ved vor Frue-Skole og findes hos hannem tilkiøbs. - In Fraktur
Quantum Hamiltonian identification from measurement time traces
Creators: name: Zhang, Jun
name: Sarovar, Mohan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precise identification of parameters governing quantum processes is a critical task for quantum information and communication technologies. In this work we consider a setting where system evolution is determined by a parameterized Hamiltonian, and the task is to estimate these parameters from temporal records of a restricted set of system observables (time traces). Based on the notion of system realization from linear systems theory we develop a constructive algorithm that provides estimates of the unknown parameters directly from these time traces. We illustrate the algorithm and its robustness to measurement noise by applying it to a one-dimensional spin chain model with variable couplings.
description: 5 pages + Supplementary Information. Modified estimation algorithm to be robust to measurement noise. New results on noise robustness. Published version
Symbolic Computation of Lax Pairs of Partial Difference Equations Using Consistency Around the Cube
Creators: name: Bridgman, Terry
name: Hereman, Willy A.
name: Quispel, G. Reinout W.
name: van der Kamp, Peter H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37K10, 39A10, 82B20

description: A three-step method due to Nijhoff and Bobenko & Suris to derive a Lax pair for scalar partial difference equations (PΔEs) is reviewed. The method assumes that the PΔEs are defined on a quadrilateral, and consistent around the cube. Next, the method is extended to systems of PΔEs where one has to carefully account for equations defined on edges of the quadrilateral. Lax pairs are presented for scalar integrable PΔEs classified by Adler, Bobenko, and Suris and systems of PΔEs including the integrable 2-component potential Korteweg-de Vries lattice system, as well as nonlinear Schroedinger and Boussinesq-type lattice systems. Previously unknown Lax pairs are presented for PΔEs recently derived by Hietarinta (J. Phys. A: Math. Theor., 44, 2011, Art. No. 165204). The method is algorithmic and is being implemented in Mathematica.
description: Paper dedicated to Peter Olver as part of a special issue of FoCM in honor of his 60th birthday
The Constitutional Principle of Separation of Powers
Creators: name: Merrill, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Constitutional history
subject: Separation of powers
subject: Criticism and interpretation
subject: Constitutional law
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: The "constitutional principle of separation of powers" could be understood to mean any one of several different things. It could mean, as the formalists argue, that each branch has exclusive power to perform a single designated function, unless the Constitution expressly permits an exception. Or it could mean, as the functionalists believe, that courts should strive to maintain a diffusion of power among the branches. Conceivably, it could mean nothing -- the constitutional principle of separation of powers could just be a shorthand reference for the sum of all specific clauses that govern relations among the branches, but add nothing to what these clauses individually require. Each of these interpretations would have serious drawbacks. The exclusive functions construction would be too rigid, the diffusion of power understanding too flexible, and neither comports with the full range of Supreme Court decisions defining the structural Constitution. The conclusion that the principle adds nothing to the specific clauses would be more consistent with the pattern of outcomes reached by the Supreme Court, but would be an open invitation to create a Fourth Branch of government that would permit massive evasions of those clauses in the future.

A better strategy would be to interpret the principle as incorporating a minimal requirement that there be only three branches, with every federal office accountable to one of the constitutional branches. Such an understanding would provide substantial continuity with the past: it would be consistent with the text of the Constitution and with Madison's explanation of the mechanism for preserving the constitutional structure, and would not contradict any of the Supreme Court's judgments in major separation-of-power cases. For the future, it would prevent Congress from circumventing the specific clauses of the Constitution that limit the power of the branches, and would preserve the dynamic tension among the branches that has worked well for over 200 years in maintaining "the liberty and security of the governed."
The status of the UK breeding European Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur population in 2021
Creators: name: Stanbury, Andrew J.
name: Balmer, Dawn E.
name: Eaton, Mark A.
name: Grice, Philip V.
name: Khan, Nicole Z.
name: Orchard, Murray J.
name: Wotton, Simon R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: The first UK European Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur survey, in 2021, estimated the breeding population at 2092 territories. Changes in European Turtle Dove abundance in the UK have been monitored through schemes like the BTO/JNCC/RSPB Breeding Bird Survey, however, sample size is now too low to calculate robust trends going forward. The aims of this volunteer-based survey were to provide a new UK population estimate and create a baseline to monitor future population trends. A stratified random sample of one-kilometre squares were surveyed within the core counties for the species. Elsewhere, one-kilometre squares containing recent European Turtle Dove records were targeted. The survey used a two-visit territory mapping approach, with observers asked to get within 200 metres of potentially suitable nesting or foraging habitat. Visits were undertaken in the early morning, to coincide with peak vocal activity, from 11 May to 31 July. The UK population estimate in 2021 was 2092 territories (95% confidence limits, 1559–2782). The species has become increasingly restricted to eastern and southeastern England, with 62.5% of the population estimated to occur in three counties: Kent (682 territories; 32.6%), Suffolk (326; 15.6%) and Essex (300; 14.3%). Additional hotspots occurred in other counties in eastern England, up to North Yorkshire. This result suggests a 98% decline in abundance since the 1968–1972 breeding atlas, similar to trends identified from UK bird monitoring schemes, and a substantial contraction in range since the 2007–2011 bird atlas. The temporary cessation of hunting along their European western flyway provides a vital window of opportunity to scale up the delivery of high-quality breeding habitat and increase food availability in the UK. The survey should be repeated in 2026, and regularly thereafter, to help monitor the effectiveness of conservation interventions.
Rapid Steady State Convergence for Quantum Systems Using Time-Delayed Feedback Control
Creators: name: Grimsmo, A L
name: Parkins, A S
name: Skagerstam, B-S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a time-delayed feedback control scheme for open quantum systems that can dramatically reduce the time to reach steady state. No measurement is performed in the feedback loop, and we suggest a simple all-optical implementation for a cavity QED system. We demonstrate the potential of the scheme by applying it to a driven and dissipative Dicke model, as recently realized in a quantum gas experiment. The time to reach steady state can then reduced by two orders of magnitude for parameters taken from experiment, making previously inaccessible long time attractors reachable within typical experimental run times. The scheme also offers the possibility of slowing down the dynamics, as well as qualitatively changing the phase diagram of the corresponding physical system.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures. Invited paper in "Focus on Coherent Control of Complex Quantum Systems", Eds. B. Whaley and G. Milburn. PS: Preview on OSX struggles with opening some of the figures with a lot of data in them
Chimera states in networks of nonlocally coupled Hindmarsh-Rose neuron models
Creators: name: Hizanidis, Johanne
name: Kanas, Vasilis
name: Bezerianos, Anastasios
name: Bountis, Tassos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We have identified the occurrence of chimera states for various coupling schemes in networks of two-dimensional and three-dimensional Hindmarsh-Rose oscillators, which represent realistic models of neuronal ensembles. This result, together with recent studies on multiple chimera states in nonlocally coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators, provide strong evidence that the phenomenon of chimeras may indeed be relevant in neuroscience applications. Moreover, our work verifies the existence of chimera states in coupled bistable elements, whereas to date chimeras were known to arise in models possessing a single stable limit cycle. Finally, we have identified an interesting class of mixed oscillatory states, in which desynchronized neurons are uniformly interspersed among the remaining ones that are either stationary or oscillate in synchronized motion.
Declining territory occupancy and productivity in a Welsh Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax population
Creators: name: Cross, A. V.
name: Stratford, A.
name: Johnstone, I.
name: Lindley, P. J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Much of the UK’s largest population of Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax shows long-term decline in territory occupancy and productivity. Underlying mechanisms need urgent study to improve conservation delivery for this species in Wales. Periodic census data have shown a localized decline of Red-billed Choughs in Wales, which supported 66% of the UK breeding population in 2014. The aim is to explore the nature of this decline using long-term study data to search for patterns in territory occupancy and breeding performance. Data from annual monitoring of breeding territories in mid- and north Wales, across 25 years and representing 74% of the Welsh population, were analysed to test for variation in occupancy and breeding metrics in relation to territory type, geographic region, and protection status. Most territories were coastal, where occupancy fell by 12%. Occupancy of inland territories fell by 72%, accounting for just 24% of territories by 2019. The number of chicks fledged per occupied territory fell by 25% across all territories, but the brood size of successful pairs only fell 9% with neither varying by territory type. Nest success rate fell 17% on the coast but 33% inland. Trends in occupancy and breeding metrics showed little variation between geographic regions and protection status. The severe decline of inland nesting Red-billed Choughs could lead to rapid local extinction, but the slower decline in the coastal population is also of concern. Declining breeding performance is a plausible driver of population decline. As current conservation delivery appears ineffective, the mechanism of decline needs urgent study to identify necessary protection measures.
Is Depression After an Acute Coronary Syndrome Simply a Marker of Known Prognostic Factors for Mortality?
Creators: name: Kronish, Ian M.
name: Rieckmann, Nina
name: Schwartz, Joseph E.
name: Schwartz, Daniel R.
name: Davidson, Karina W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Depressed persons
Myocardial infarction
Mortality
Medical sciences
Mental health
Clinical psychology

description: Objective: Controversy remains over whether the association between depression and mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is confounded by incomplete adjustment for measures of known prognostic markers. We assessed a) whether depression was associated with the most comprehensive empirically derived index of clinical mortality predictors: the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score for predicting 6-month mortality after discharge for ACS; and b) whether depression remained an independent predictor of all-cause mortality after adjustment for the GRACE score and left ventricular dysfunction.

Methods: We surveyed prospectively 457 patients with ACS (aged 25–92 years; 41% women, 13% black, and 11% Hispanic), hospitalized between May 2003 and June 2005. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) was made by a structured psychiatric interview, within 1 week of hospitalization.

Results: Despite differences in individual components of the GRACE score between depressed and nondepressed participants, neither depression measure was associated with overall GRACE score. For participants with MDD, the mean ± standard deviation GRACE score was 84 ± 33, compared with 92 ± 31 for those without MDD (p = .09). Using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, MDD and depressive symptom severity each predicted mortality after controlling for GRACE score and left ventricular dysfunction (adjusted hazard ratio for MDD = 2.51; 95% Confidence Interval = 1.45–4.37).

Conclusion: Depression is not simply a marker of clinical indicators that predict all-cause mortality after ACS. This strengthens the assertion that there is something unique in the association between depression and post-ACS prognosis, independent of known prognostic markers.
Authentication of recycled and virgin polyethylene terephthalate based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS using non-volatile organic compounds and chemometrics
Creators: name: Hao, Tian-Ying
name: Lin, Qin-Bao
name: Wu, Xue-Feng
name: Wu, Si-Liang
name: Zhong, Huai-Ning
name: Dong, Ben
name: Chen, Zhi-Feng
name: Ye, Zhi-Kang
name: Wang, Zhi-Wei
name: Xu, Xiaowen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Plastic packaging waste, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has increased significantly in recent decades, arousing a considerable and serious public concern regarding the environment, economy, and policy. Plastic recycling is a useful tool to mitigate this issue. Here, a feasible study was performed to investigate the potential of a novel method for identifying virgin and recycled PET. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was combined with various chemometrics, as a simple and reliable method that achieved a high discrimination rate for 105 batches of virgin PET (v-PET) and recycled PET (r-PET) based on 202 non-volatile organic compounds (NVOCs). Making use of orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) together with non-parametric tests, 26 marker compounds (i.e. 12 intentionally added substances (IAS) and 14 non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) as well as 31 marker compounds (i.e. 11 IAS and 20 NIAS) obtained from positive and combination of positive and negative ionization modes of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, respectively, were successfully identified. Moreover, 100% accuracy was obtained using a decision tree (DT). Cross-discrimination based on misclassified samples using various chemometrics allowed the prediction accuracy to be improved and to identify a large sample set, thus greatly enhancing the application scope of this method. The possible origins of these detected compounds can be the plastic itself, as well as contamination from food, medicine, pesticides, industry-related substances, and degradation and polymerization products. As many of these compounds are toxic, especially those pesticide related, this indicates an urgent requirement for closed loop recycling. Overall, this analytical method provides a quick, accurate, and robust way to distinguish virgin from recycled PET and thus addresses the issue of potential virgin PET adulteration thereby detecting fraud in the area of PET recycling.
Towards a fitting procedure to deeply virtual meson production -- the next-to-leading order case --
Creators: name: Mueller, Dieter
name: Lautenschlager, Tobias
name: Passek-Kumericki, Kornelija
name: Schaefer, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the collinear factorization approach, we present a comprehensive perturbative next-to-leading (NLO) analysis of deeply virtual meson production (DVMP). Our representation in conformal Mellin space can serve as basis for a global fitting procedure to access generalized parton distributions from experimental measurements of DVMP and deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS). We introduce a rather general formalism for the evaluation of conformal moments that can be developed further beyond the considered order. We also confirm previous diagrammatical findings in the pure singlet quark channel. Finally, we use the analytic properties of the hard scattering amplitudes to estimate qualitatively the size of radiative corrections and illustrate these considerations with some numerical examples. The results suggest that global NLO GPD fits, including both DVMP and DVCS data, could be more stable than often feared.
description: 125 pages, 7 figures, 8 tables
Traditional landscape elements are key to the threatened Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana in its Italian stronghold
Creators: name: Alfano, Vincenzo
name: Gustin, Marco
name: Brambilla, Mattia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Cultural landscapes with Tamarisk Tamarix gallica rows, marginal habitats and crop heterogeneity promote the occurrence of Ortolan Buntings Emberiza hortulana in the Marche region, a key area for the species’ conservation in Italy. To evaluate the land-use determinants of the occurrence of the Ortolan Bunting, a species strikingly declining in recent decades. Within the Marche region, the Italian stronghold of the species, we surveyed 20 plots in the hilly belt of Pesaro-Urbino province, and recorded different potential land-cover drivers of the occurrence of Ortolan Buntings. We modelled habitat selection according to environmental variables measured in the field at an equal number of territory and control sites, using generalized linear models. We found 104 territories of Ortolan Buntings. Different groups of predictors (crop cover, marginal habitats, other land-uses) were similarly important; positive drivers of the species’ occurrence were the covers of cereal, dead trees, pure and mixed Tamarisk rows, other crops, sunflower, and reeds; covers of broom had a quadratic effect, while negative effects were found with seminatural grassland, paved roads, and isolated shrubs. The disappearance of cultural landscapes, which is ongoing in many European areas, resulted in the loss of elements typically found in low-intensity farming systems and of particular importance for the species. Tamarisk rows may provide multiple benefits, offering song posts and potential nesting sites close to the ground, and their abundance in the Marche region could contribute to explain why Ortolan Buntings are locally more common there, compared to other Italian regions. The maintenance of Tamarisk rows, marginal habitats and crop heterogeneity are key measures needed to support Ortolan Bunting populations.
The Common Law Powers of Federal Courts
Creators: name: Merrill, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Constitutional history
subject: Legislators
subject: Federal government
subject: Constitutional law
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: In this article, first, I would like to inject into traditional thinking about federal common law some of the insights developed in the recent literature on nonoriginalist judicial review. Second, I would like to turn the analysis around and ask whether some of the questions that arise in the field of constitutional law -- in particular the legitimacy of nonoriginalist judicial review -- can profitably be analyzed as issues of federal common law.

I will begin with two preliminary matters involving the assumptions that underlie the analysis: in Part I, I define "federal common law," and, in Part II, I discuss the standard or norm I will apply in assessing the legitimacy of that body of law. In Part III, I will describe four general principles that combine to make up the content of the norm that I apply: the constitutional principles of federalism, separation of Powers, and electoral accountability, and the statutory restrictions imposed by the Rules of Decision Act. These general principles suggest that federal common law is legitimate insofar as it is the product of textual interpretation, understood to mean a search for the specific intentions of the draftsmen of the text. In Part IV, I will advance two doctrines -- which I term preemptive lawmaking and delegated lawmaking -- that I believe are also consistent with this norm, but that reflect two different conceptions of textual interpretation. These two doctrines expand considerably the sphere in which federal common law may be considered legitimate; together with the conclusions reached in Part III, they can be used to express a general theory of federal common law. Finally, in Part V, I will review three areas in which the issue of lawmaking by federal courts has been particularly controversial: the judicial creation of implied rights of action, "constitutional common law," and nonoriginalist judicial review. I will attempt to show how the general theory developed in Parts III and IV can help resolve these issues of legitimacy in a more coherent and conceptually satisfying manner than has thus far been achieved by either the Supreme Court or the academic commentators.
Energy levels, radiative rates and electron impact excitation rates for transitions in Al X
Creators: name: Aggarwal, K. M.
name: Keenan, F. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energy levels, radiative rates and lifetimes are calculated among the lowest 98 levels of the n <= 4 configurations of Be-like Al X. The GRASP (General-purpose Relativistic Atomic Structure Package) is adopted and data are provided for all E1, E2, M1 and M2 transitions. Similar data are also obtained with the Flexible Atomic Code (FAC) to assess the accuracy of the calculations. Based on comparisons between calculations with the two codes as well as with available measurements, our listed energy levels are assessed to be accurate to better than 0.3%. However, the accuracy for radiative rates and lifetimes is estimated to be about 20%. Collision strengths are also calculated for which the Dirac Atomic R-matrix Code (DARC) is used. A wide energy range (up to 380 Ryd) is considered and resonances resolved in a fine energy mesh in the thresholds region. The collision strengths are subsequently averaged over a Maxwellian velocity distribution to determine effective collision strengths up to a temperature of 1.6x10$^7$ K. Our results are compared with the previous (limited) atomic data and significant differences (up to a factor of 4) are noted for several transitions, particularly those which are not allowed in jj coupling.
description: Text: 5 pages, Tables: 6, Figures: 2, will appear in MNRAS 487 (2014) xxx
Stereoselective synthesis of trans-benzo[d]oxazolyl)phenyl substituted β-lactams decorated with C-3 thio/seleno rich motifs: synthetic intermediates for diverse heterocycles
Creators: name: Saini, Preety
name: Thakur, Shalu
name: Garg, Ankita
name: Bari, S. S.
name: Bhalla, Aman
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Herein, we reported an effectual protocol for the stereoselective synthesis of novel C-3 thio/seleno substituted ortho-, meta- and para-(2-benzo[d]oxazolyl)phenyl-β-lactams 7a-i. The reaction was performed by utilizing different S/Se-alkyl/aryl substituted acids 6a-d and isomeric ortho-, meta- and para-(2-benzo[d]oxazolyl)phenyl Schiff’s bases 3a-c and afforded exclusive formation of trans-β-lactams. The trans configuration was assigned with respect to coupling constant values of C3-H and C4-H (J = 1.4 to 2.6; C3-H and C4-H). The structure elucidation of all the thio/seleno anchored β-lactams 7a-i was performed using various spectroscopic techniques viz. FT-IR, NMR (1H, 13C, and 13C DEPT–135), 2D-NMR (1H–1H COSY and 1H–13C HSQC), elemental analysis (CHN), and mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Further, divergent substrate scope accompanied by plausible mechanistic investigation have been also described. Stereoselectivity, good functional group tolerance and excellent yield along with wider synthetic utility bestows advantages to the present protocol.
Suaeda acuminata Moq.
Creators: name: Sukhorukov, Alexander P.
name: Kushunina, Maria A.
name: Stepanova, Nina Yu.
name: Kalmykova, Olga G.
name: Golovanov, Yaroslav M.
name: Sennikov, Alexander N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Caryophyllales
Amaranthaceae
Suaeda
Suaeda acuminata

description: Suaeda acuminata (Ledeb.) Moq.
Suaeda acuminata (Ledeb.) Moq., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 23: 306 (1831) ≡ Schoberia acuminata Ledeb., Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. 1: 11 (1829).
= Suaeda confusa Iljin, Fl. Yugo-Vostoka Evr. Chasti SSSR 4: 196 (1930).
Native status
Native.
Conservation status
Least Concern (LC).
EOO 10,700 km 2, AOO 24 km 2. The species is rather common in the southern districts, without a tendency to decline.
Distribution
Orenburg Region (southern districts): Belyaevka, Ilek, Novoorsk, Svetlyi Districts (Fig. 44). Northern limit of the species distribution.
Previous reports: Ryabinina (1998), Knjazev (2009).
The species occurs on saline substrates. It is frequent in the Region.
The species is distributed as native in the arid zone of Eurasia. It is known as a rare alien in the forest zone of Europe.
description: Published as part of Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Kushunina, Maria A., Stepanova, Nina Yu., Kalmykova, Olga G., Golovanov, Yaroslav M. & Sennikov, Alexander N., 2024, Taxonomic inventory and distributions of Chenopodiaceae (Amaranthaceae s. l.) in Orenburg Region, Russia, pp. e 121541 in Biodiversity Data Journal 12 on page e121541, DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.12.e121541
Supplementary Table and Figure and coding details from Limb work and joint work minimization reveal an energetic benefit to the elbows-back, knees-forward limb design in parasagittal quadrupeds
Creators: name: Usherwood, James R.
name: Granatosky, Michael C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Table and Figure and coding details. See also https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.76hdr7sv4
Organic light-emitting diodes for biomedical applications
Creators: name: Lian, Cheng
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Organic light-emitting diodes
subject: Photodynamic therapy
subject: Fluorescence sensing
subject: TK7871.89L53L5

description: Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been used in displays and lighting applications due to their advantages in material properties, fabrication and device performance. In addition to displays and lighting, OLEDs can also be used as light sources for biomedical applications. Conventional light sources such as lasers, inorganic light-emitting diodes and lamps are widely used in hospitals and clinics. However, they are generally cumbersome and expensive and unsuitable for some biomedical applications requiring compact and cost-effective light sources. OLEDs are thin, lightweight, and can be flexible, which makes them attractive candidates for biomedical applications. The work in this thesis presents the use of OLEDs for biomedical applications such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and fluorescence sensing. In aPDT work, OLEDs with different geometries and structures were optimised in terms of spectrum, conductivity, optical power output, lifetime, flexibility and emission uniformity. The effect of aPDT on killing bacteria, parasites and fungi was then evaluated using the optimised OLEDs. In fluorescence sensing work, a compact system based on pulse-driven OLED was developed for sensing dye-labelled DNA as a proof-of-principle study. OLEDs were carefully designed with high optical power output and suitable spectra for achieving high detection sensitivity. An OLED based system for sensing of SARS-CoV-2 antibody was developed. It used an OLED-excited fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay, and suggests OLEDs are promising for point-of-care testing.
An areal analog of Mahler's measure
Creators: name: Pritsker, Igor E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 11C08, Secondary 11G50, 30C10

description: We consider a version of height on polynomial spaces defined by the integral over the normalized area measure on the unit disk. This natural analog of Mahler's measure arises in connection with extremal problems for Bergman spaces. It inherits many nice properties such as the multiplicative one. However, this height is a lower bound for Mahler's measure, and it can be substantially lower. We discuss some similarities and differences between the two.
Few-photon SUPER: quantum emitter inversion via two off-resonant photon modes
Creators: name: Richter, Quentin W.
name: Kaspari, Jan M.
name: Bracht, Thomas K.
name: Yatsenko, Leonid
name: Axt, Vollrath Martin
name: Rauschenbeutel, Arno
name: Reiter, Doris E.
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Integrated optics
subject: Quantum communication, protocols & technology
subject: Quantum control
subject: Quantum optics with artificial atoms
subject: Single photon sources
subject: Jaynes-Cummings model
subject: 530

description: With the realization of controlled quantum systems, exploring excitations beyond the resonant case opens new possibilities. We investigate an extended Jaynes-Cummings model in which two nondegenerate photon modes are coupled off resonantly to a quantum emitter. This allows us to identify few-photon scattering mechanisms that lead to a full inversion of the emitter while transferring off-resonant photons from one mode to another. This behavior is connected to recent measurements of a two-level emitter scattering two off-resonant photons simultaneously. Furthermore, our results can be understood as a quantized analog of the recently developed off-resonant quantum control scheme known as swing-up of quantum emitter (SUPER). Our intuitive formalism gives deeper insight into the interaction of a two-level emitter with off-resonant light modes with the prospect of novel photonic applications.
description: Physical review research; 7(1)
Problems Relating to the Use of Sheet Metal in Airplane Construction
Creators: name: Sechler, Ernest Edwin
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1930
Subjects: Aeronautics
Aeronautical Engineering

description: Sheet metal as used in present airplane construction may have two separate and distinct functions.  The first of these is merely to supplant fabric or other covering material on the airplane.  The structure of the airplane is not altered and the load is completely taken by the framework.  The added strength and durability of this type of covering is usually connected with an increase in weight which makes the practice uneconomical.  This use of metal is not a very serious design problem since it is only used as a covering and fairing and its strength is not included in the calculated strength of the structure.

Secondly, the sheet metal can be designed so it will take part or all of the loads on the airplane.  It is this use of sheet metal, and its attendant problems, that will be discusssed here.  Those problems that have been solved will be mentioned first and those yet undetermined will then be outlined.  To be solved the answer to a problem must be in such a form as to be available and understandable to the average airplane designer without the use of long and intricate mathematical calculations.  This means that those problems are solved which could be incorporated in a handbook for designers and those which could not be so incorporated are not solved for the designer.
On Yangian-invariant regularisation of deformed on-shell diagrams in N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory
Creators: name: Beisert, Niklas
name: Broedel, Johannes
name: Rosso, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate Yangian invariance of deformed on-shell diagrams with D=4, N=4 superconformal symmetry. We find that invariance implies a direct relationship between the deformation parameters and the permutation associated to the on-shell graph. We analyse the connection with deformations of scattering amplitudes in N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory and the possibility of using the deformation parameters as a regulator preserving Yangian invariance. A study of higher-point tree and loop graphs suggests that manifest Yangian invariance of the amplitude requires trivial deformation parameters.
description: 32 pages; replaced with published version (updated abstract, minor corrections)
Habitat and other environmental correlates of the decline of breeding Whinchats Saxicola rubetra in the UK since the mid-1990s
Creators: name: Stanbury, Andrew J.
name: Hawkes, Robert W.
name: Teuten, Emma L.
name: Tománková, Irena
name: Douglas, David J.T.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Declines in Whinchat Saxicola rubetra breeding abundance in the UK vary with habitat and other environmental conditions. To test for associations between changes in Whinchat abundance between 1994 and 2018 and measures of habitat and environmental conditions on UK breeding sites. Whinchat counts collected through a national monitoring scheme were tested at coarse 1 km2 square and finer 200 m transect scales against habitat data collected in 2017/2018, plus remotely sensed data to test for long-term change. At the 1 km2 square scale, mean change in Whinchat abundance was more negative where woodland occurred more frequently, and at more northerly latitudes. Rates of decline were lower where there was greater cover of Purple Moor-grass Molinia caerulea and non-bracken vegetation height was taller. At the finer 200 m transect scale, more closely resembling Whinchat territory size, rates of decline were greatest in areas dominated by human sites, woodland, and enclosed farmland, compared to unenclosed open semi-natural habitats; however, within the latter category, declines were lower in grass-dominated relative to heather-dominated habitats. Rates of decline were also lower closer to valley bottoms, with greater Bracken Pteridium aquilinum cover and at mid-elevations (300 m), and greatest where there was greater cover of bare ground and trees, and moderate cover of grasses (excluding Molinia and Lolium spp.). The strength of the finer-scale associations varied between dominant habitat types. Whinchat abundance was lower where a remotely sensed index of vegetation productivity (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI]) was higher, and abundance change more negative where temporal increases in NDVI were greater. Unenclosed semi-natural grassland showed the lowest rate of decline and offers the best opportunities to conserve Whinchats. Woodland expansion is likely to have a detrimental impact on breeding Whinchats. Future research should investigate how important habitat and environmental correlates influence key demographic rates affecting recruitment.
Heat conduction in the α-β-Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chain
Creators: name: Das, Suman G.
name: Dhar, Abhishek
name: Narayan, Onuttom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent simulation results on heat conduction in a one-dimensional chain with an asymmetric inter-particle interaction potential and no onsite potential found non-anomalous heat transport in accordance to Fourier's law. This is a surprising result since it was long believed that heat conduction in one-dimensional systems is in general anomalous in the sense that the thermal conductivity diverges as the system size goes to infinity. In this paper we report on detailed numerical simulations of this problem to investigate the possibility of a finite temperature phase transition in this system. Our results indicate that the unexpected results for asymmetric potentials is a result of insufficient chain length, and does not represent the asymptotic behavior.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Progress Tracking Building the future of Latin America: engaging women into STEM (W-STEM)
Creators: name: Henao, K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Women, Science, Engineering, gender, STEM, W-STEM

description: Progress Tracking Building the future of Latin America: engaging women into STEM (W-STEM) Meeting, Guadalajara. Online
description: The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
The Origins of the American Public Trust Doctrine: What Really Happened in Illinois Central
Creators: name: Merrill, Thomas W.
name: Kearney, Joseph D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Real property
subject: Government property
subject: Right of property
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Great cases have the power to shape attitudes about the law in a way that goes far beyond the particular legal propositions for which they stand. Witness the power of Marbury v Madison in supporting an expansive power of judicial review, or of Brown v Board of Education in undermining the legitimacy of invidious racial classifications. Illinois Central Railroad Company v Illinois plays a similar role in the public trust doctrine. The force of Illinois Central, however, derives not so much from its fine phrases or the courage that it took for the Court to reach the decision it did. Rather, Illinois Central is a compelling precedent largely because of its facts, or at least what are presumed to be its facts. The Illinois legislature granted the entire Chicago lake-front, over one thousand acres, to a private railroad corporation! Small wonder that the legislature quickly repented of this deed, or that the Court was compelled to say that this valuable resource is impressed with a public trust that means it can never be sold to a private entity.

We have tried to show how the Lake Front Act of 1869 came to be passed, why the railroad's motives were not as pernicious as they are usually portrayed to have been, and how a conscientious legislator might have decided to vote in favor of the Act. We have also concluded that most probably the railroad used corrupt means to procure the legislation. So the reality is more complex than the standard story even begins to intimate. None of this is to suggest that the public trust doctrine is necessarily a bad idea or a good one. But it does suggest that the doctrine should be assessed using arguments more probing than a retelling of the standard narrative of the Illinois Central case. That story is a fable, and can justify the doctrine only if we already believe in it for reasons independent of the lesson the case supposedly teaches.
Ctenodactylus vali Thomas 1902
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Ctenodactylidae
Ctenodactylus
Ctenodactylus vali

description: Ctenodactylus vali Thomas, 1902. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902(2):l 1. TYPE LOCALITY: Libya, Wadi Bey (northwest of Bonjem, Tripoli). DISTRIBUTION: S. Morocco; W. Algeria; N.W. Libya. COMMENT: Includes joleaudi; see Misonne, 1974, Part 6:5. Corbet, 1978:160, included vali in gundi, but Corbet and Hill, 1980:196, listed both as distinct species. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410033001003001 as C. vali. 5301410033001002001 as C. joleaudi.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 594, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
description: {"references": ["Misonne, X. 1974. Order Rodentia. Part 6. Pp. 1 - 39, in The mammals of Africa: An identification manual (J. Meester and H. W. Setzer, eds.). [issued 10 Sep 1974]. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., not continuously paginated.", "Corbet, G. B., and J. E. Hill. 1980. A world list of mammalian species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp."]}