cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Excited nucleon spectrum from lattice QCD with maximum entropy method
Creators: name: Sasaki, K.
name: Sasaki, S.
name: Hatsuda, T.
name: Asakawa, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study excited states of the nucleon in quenched lattice QCD with the spectral analysis using the maximum entropy method. Our simulations are performed on three lattice sizes $16^3\times 32$, $24^3\times 32$ and $32^3\times 32$, at $β=6.0$ to address the finite volume issue. We find a significant finite volume effect on the mass of the Roper resonance for light quark masses. After removing this systematic error, its mass becomes considerably reduced toward the direction to solve the level order puzzle between the Roper resonance $N'(1440)$ and the negative-parity nucleon $N^*(1535)$.
description: Lattice2003(spectrum), 3 pages, 4 figures
Up in Smoke?: Agricultural Commercialization,Rising Food Prices and Stunting in Malawi
Creators: name: Wood, Benjamin
name: Nelson, Carl H.
name: Kilic, Talip
name: Murray, Siobhan
name: Wood, Benjamin
name: Nelson, Carl H.
name: Kilic, Talip
name: Murray, Siobhan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Malawi
subject: poverty
subject: food prices
subject: cash crops
subject: tobacco

description: Agricultural commercialization, or the transition from food to cash crops, has gained increasing attention over the past few decades. Plans for developing world farmers to focus on labor-intensive cash crops, to exploit their natural comparative advantage, typically depend on stable food markets to supply these formerly subsistence households. The trade-off between cash and food crop production requires reevaluation in the context of numerous food price spikes and general food price increases experienced globally over the last decade. Discovery of a correlation between Malawian cash crop production and low nutritional health outcomes creates questions of the traditional development path. This paper clarifies the causal effect behind that negative relationship. A nationally representative data set and the 2002-2003 Malawian domestic food crisis allow for time-specific comparisons between the health of children in utero during stable and increasing food price markets. Identifying children exposed to in utero food shocks is the first step to explaining the recent changes in the nutritional outcomes of cash crop producers. Estimates of the effects of Malawian crop adoption on children’s health are obtained using robust inference techniques. The causal effects of cash crop production are identified by instrumenting endogenous adoption decisions with predetermined variables. The findings show children of cash crop farmers experienced disproportionately negative effects if they were in utero during the food price shock. The results support the argument that food price shocks negatively influence those more reliant on the market for food purchases, suggesting the need for targeting small scale commercial farmers during times of staple food price spikes.
Estimating dust attenuation from galactic spectra. I. methodology and tests
Creators: name: Li, Niu
name: Li, Cheng
name: Mo, Houjun
name: Hu, Jian
name: Zhou, Shuang
name: Du, Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a method to estimate the dust attenuation curve of galaxies from full spectral fitting of their optical spectra. Motivated from previous studies, we separate the small-scale features from the large-scale spectral shape, by performing a moving average method to both the observed spectrum and the simple stellar population model spectra. The intrinsic dust-free model spectrum is then derived by fitting the observed ratio of the small-scale to large-scale (S/L) components with the S/L ratios of the SSP models. The selective dust attenuation curve is then determined by comparing the observed spectrum with the dust-free model spectrum. One important advantage of this method is that the estimated dust attenuation curve is independent of the shape of theoretical dust attenuation curves. We have done a series of tests on a set of mock spectra covering wide ranges of stellar age and metallicity. We show that our method is able to recover the input dust attenuation curve accurately, although the accuracy depends slightly on signal-to-noise ratio of the spectra. We have applied our method to a number of edge-on galaxies with obvious dust lanes from the ongoing MaNGA survey, deriving their dust attenuation curves and $E(B-V)$ maps, as well as dust-free images in $g$, $r$, and $i$ bands. These galaxies show obvious dust lane features in their original images, which largely disappear after we have corrected the effect of dust attenuation. The vertical brightness profiles of these galaxies become axis-symmetric and can well be fitted by a simple model proposed for the disk vertical structure. Comparing the estimated dust attenuation curve with the three commonly-adopted model curves, we find that the Calzetti curve provides the best description of the estimated curves for the inner region of galaxies, while the Milky Way and SMC curves work better for the outer region.
description: 27 pages, 16 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Accelerating High-Strain Continuum-Scale Brittle Fracture Simulations with Machine Learning
Creators: name: Fernández-Godino, M. Giselle
name: Panda, Nishant
name: O'Malley, Daniel
name: Larkin, Kevin
name: Hunter, Abigail
name: Haftka, Raphael T.
name: Srinivasan, Gowri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Failure in brittle materials under dynamic loading conditions is a result of the propagation and coalescence of microcracks. Simulating this mechanism at the continuum level is computationally expensive or, in some cases, intractable. The computational cost is due to the need for highly resolved computational meshes required to capture complex crack growth behavior, such as branching, turning, etc. Typically, continuum-scale models that account for brittle damage evolution homogenize the crack network in some way, which reduces the overall computational cost, but can also neglect key physics of the subgrid crack growth behavior, sacrificing accuracy for efficiency. We have developed an approach using machine learning that overcomes the current inability to represent micro-scale physics at the macro-scale. Our approach leverages damage and stress data from a high-fidelity model that explicitly resolves microcrack behavior to build an inexpensive machine learning emulator, which runs in seconds as opposed to the high-fidelity model, which takes hours. Once trained, the machine learning emulator is used to predict the evolution of crack length statistics. A continuum-scale constitutive model is then informed with these crack statistics, speeding up the workflow by four orders of magnitude. Both the machine learning model and the continuum-scale model are validated against a high-fidelity model and experimental data, respectively, showing excellent agreement. There are two key findings. The first is that we can reduce the dimensionality of the problem, establishing that the machine learning emulator only needs the length of the longest crack and one of the maximum stress components to capture the necessary physics. Another compelling finding is that the emulator can be trained in one experimental setting and transferred successfully to predict behavior in a different setting.
description: Keywords: Computational Material Science, Machine Learning. 27 pages,13 figures, in review at COMMAT Elsevier journal
Additional file 2 of Receptor-Like Cytoplasmic Kinase STK Confers Salt Tolerance in Rice
Creators: name: Zhou, Yanbiao
name: Zhang, Zhihui
name: Zhao, Xinhui
name: Liu, Lan
name: Tang, Qianying
name: Fu, Jun
name: Tang, Xiaodan
name: Yang, Runqiu
name: Lin, Jianzhong
name: Liu, Xuanming
name: Yang, Yuanzhu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2. Table S1: List of primers used in this study. Table S2: Differential expression data of stress-related in the STK-OE plants.
GETTING GOOD MARKETING INFORMATION TO FARMERS: It Might Mean Listening To Them First
Creators: name: Elworth, Larry
name: Elworth, Larry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Growers need good marketing information. However, it is unlikely that present producers will universally adopt available communications. Crucial issues remain in how best to make the plans of information providers coincide with the needs and interests of information users such as growers. The results of a Pennsylvania survey do not chart a prescriptive course for dealing with these issues, but they suggest that producers have clear inclinations which will affect the use-and success of any information system.
Tomographic galaxy clustering with the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam first year public data release
Creators: name: Nicola, Andrina
name: Alonso, David
name: Sánchez, Javier
name: Slosar, Anže
name: Awan, Humna
name: Broussard, Adam
name: Dunkley, Jo
name: Gomes, Zahra
name: Gawiser, Eric
name: Mandelbaum, Rachel
name: Miyatake, Hironao
name: Newman, Jeffrey A.
name: Sevilla, Ignacio
name: Skinner, Sarah
name: Wagoner, Erica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the clustering of galaxies in the first public data release of the HSC Subaru Strategic Program. Despite the relatively small footprints of the observed fields, the data are an excellent proxy for the deep photometric datasets that will be acquired by LSST, and are therefore an ideal test bed for the analysis methods being implemented by the LSST DESC. We select a magnitude limited sample with $i<24.5$ and analyze it in four redshift bins covering $0.15\lesssim z \lesssim1.5$. We carry out a Fourier-space analysis of the two-point clustering of this sample, including all auto- and cross-correlations. We demonstrate the use of map-level deprojection methods to account for fluctuations in the galaxy number density caused by observational systematics. Through an HOD analysis, we place constraints on the characteristic halo masses of this sample, finding a good fit up to scales $k_{\rm max}=1\,{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$, including both auto- and cross-correlations. Our results show monotonically decreasing average halo masses, which can be interpreted in terms of the drop-out of red galaxies at high redshifts for a flux-limited sample. In terms of photometric redshift systematics, we show that additional care is needed in order to marginalize over uncertainties in the redshift distribution in galaxy clustering, and that these uncertainties can be constrained by including cross-correlations. We are able to make a $\sim3σ$ detection of lensing magnification in the HSC data. Our results are stable to variations in $σ_8$ and $Ω_c$ and we find constraints that agree well with measurements from Planck and low-redshift probes. Finally, we use our pipeline to study the clustering of galaxies as a function of limiting flux, and provide a simple fitting function for the linear galaxy bias for magnitude limited samples as a function of limiting magnitude and redshift. [abridged]
description: 65 pages, 30 figures, 5 tables, to be submitted to JCAP
Localization of shocks in driven diffusive systems without particle number conservation
Creators: name: Popkov, V.
name: Rakos, A.
name: Willmann, R. D.
name: Kolomeisky, A. B.
name: Schuetz, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the formation of localized shocks in one-dimensional driven diffusive systems with spacially homogeneous creation and annihilation of particles (Langmuir kinetics).We show how to obtain hydrodynamic equations which describe the density profile in systems with uncorrelated steady state as well as in those exhibiting correlations. As a special example of the latter case the Katz-Lebowitz-Spohn model is considered. The existence of a localized double density shock is demonstrated for the first time in one-dimensional driven diffusive systems. This corresponds to phase separation into regimes of three distinct densities, separated by localized domain walls. Our analytical approach is supported by Monte-Carlo simulations.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures revtex, references added, misprints corrected
Quantum Hall states for $α= 1/3$ in optical lattices
Creators: name: Bai, Rukmani
name: Bandyopadhyay, Soumik
name: Pal, Sukla
name: Suthar, K.
name: Angom, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the quantum Hall (QH) states of the optical lattices with square geometry using Bose-Hubbard model (BHM) in presence of artificial gauge field. In particular, we focus on the QH states for the flux value of $α= 1/3$. For this, we use cluster Gutzwiller mean-field (CGMF) theory with cluster sizes of $3\times 2$ and $3\times 3$. We obtain QH states at fillings $ν= 1/2, 1, 3/2, 2, 5/2$ with the cluster size $3\times 2$ and $ν= 1/3, 2/3, 1, 4/3, 5/3, 2, 7/3, 8/3$ with $3\times 3$ cluster. Our results show that the geometry of the QH states are sensitive to the cluster sizes. For all the values of $ν$, the competing superfluid (SF) state is the ground state and QH state is the metastable state.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. This is a pre-submission version of the manuscript. The published version is available online in "Quantum Collisions and Confinement of Atomic and Molecular Species, and Photons, Springer Proceedings in Physics 230, pp 211--221 (2019)". The final authenticated version is available online at : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9969-5_20
MXene-based Membranes for Drinking Water Production
Creators: name: Huang, Lingzhi
name: Ding, Li
name: Caro, Jürgen
name: Wang, Haihui
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 2D Membrane
subject: MXene
subject: Nanosheets
subject: Water Purification
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: The soaring development of industry exacerbates the shortage of fresh water, making drinking water production an urgent demand. Membrane techniques feature the merits of high efficiency, low energy consumption, and easy operation, deemed as the most potential technology to purify water. Recently, a new type of two-dimensional materials, MXenes as the transition metal carbides or nitrides in the shape of nanosheets, have attracted enormous interest in water purification due to their extraordinary properties such as adjustable hydrophilicity, easy processibility, antifouling resistance, mechanical strength, and light-to-heat transformation capability. In pioneering studies, MXene-based membranes have been evaluated in the past decade for drinking water production including the separation of bacteria, dyes, salts, and heavy metals. This review focuses on the recent advancement of MXene-based membranes for drinking water production. A brief introduction of MXenes is given first, followed by descriptions of their unique properties. Then, the preparation methods of MXene membranes are summarized. The various applications of MXene membranes in water treatment and the corresponding separation mechanisms are discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and prospects of MXene membranes are presented with the hope to provide insightful guidance on the future design and fabrication of high-performance MXene membranes.
Uniform bounds on multigraded regularity
Creators: name: Maclagan, Diane
name: Smith, Gregory G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M25; 14Q20; 13P10

description: We give an effective uniform bound on the multigraded regularity of a subscheme of a smooth projective toric variety X with a given multigraded Hilbert polynomial. To establish this bound, we introduce a new combinatorial tool, called a Stanley filtration, for studying monomial ideals in the homogeneous coordinate ring of X. As a special case, we obtain a new proof of Gotzmann's regularity theorem. We also discuss applications of this bound to the construction of multigraded Hilbert schemes.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures
Anaerobic molybdenum-cofactor–utilizing bacteria: genomic insights into anaerobic respiration and anaerobic (halo)benzoate degradation
Creators: name: Louie, Tiffany S.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: Bacteria can harvest energy from a range of carbon sources from simple to complex, and couple this to the anaerobic respiration of different terminal electron acceptors. Bacterial metabolism has a major impact on the biogeochemical cycling of the elements involved. The objective of this dissertation, was to investigate the genetic code behind the diverse metabolic capabilities of three different anaerobic bacteria — Sedimenticola selenatireducens AK4OH1, Thauera chlorobenzoica 3CB-1, and Seleniivibrio woodruffii S4 — specifically those encoding the enzymes involved in the degradation of aromatic compounds and molybdenum-containing enzymes involved in oxidation-reduction reactions. The anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds often involves coenzyme A (CoA) ligases to form the electron-withdrawing CoA-thioester group on the aromatic ring to prepare the aromatic system for reduction by CoA reductases. The genomic analyses revealed the CoA ligase and CoA reductase genes encoded within S. selenatireducens AK4OH1 and T. chlorobenzoica 3CB-1, both of which are capable of anaerobic mineralization of different benzoic acids derivatives. Anaerobic respiration with terminal electron acceptors such as nitrate, selenate, and arsenate is catalyzed by molybdenum-containing enzymes (molybdoenzymes) that are part of the dimethylsulfoxide reductase (DMSOR) family. S. selenatireducens AK4OH1, T. chlorobenzoica 3CB-1, and S. woodruffii S4 all utilize DMSORs for their anaerobic respiration, and this was evidenced in their genomes. Only a limited number of DMSORs were found in T. chlorobenzoica 3CB-1, which was only previously determined to respire nitrate. In contrast, S. selenatireducens AK4OH1, which could respire nitrate, nitrite, and selenate had many more DMSORs than expected, but still paled in comparison to the record number found in S. woodruffii S4.
Morphological Star-Galaxy Separation
Creators: name: Slater, Colin T.
name: Ivezić, Željko
name: Lupton, Robert H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the statistical foundations of morphological star-galaxy separation. We show that many of the star-galaxy separation metrics in common use today (e.g. by SDSS or SExtractor) are closely related both to each other, and to the model odds ratio derived in a Bayesian framework by Sebok (1979). While the scaling of these algorithms with the noise properties of the sources varies, these differences do not strongly differentiate their performance. We construct a model of the performance of a star-galaxy separator in a realistic survey to understand the impact of observational signal-to-noise ratio (or equivalently, 5-sigma limiting depth) and seeing on classification performance. The model quantitatively demonstrates that, assuming realistic densities and angular sizes of stars and galaxies, 10% worse seeing can be compensated for by approximately 0.4 magnitudes deeper data to achieve the same star-galaxy classification performance. We discuss how to probabilistically combine multiple measurements, either of the same type (e.g., subsequent exposures), or differing types (e.g., multiple bandpasses), or differing methodologies (e.g., morphological and color-based classification). These methods are increasingly important for observations at faint magnitudes, where the rapidly rising number density of small galaxies makes star-galaxy classification a challenging problem. However, because of the significant role that the signal-to-noise ratio plays in resolving small galaxies, surveys with large-aperture telescopes, such as LSST, will continue to see improving star-galaxy separation as they push to these fainter magnitudes.
description: Accepted to AJ
Cooperatives as a Community Development Strategy: Linking Theory and Practice
Creators: name: Zeuli, Kimberly A.
name: Radel, Jamie
name: Zeuli, Kimberly A.
name: Radel, Jamie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: The evolution of community development theory has not yet generated a parallel advancement in implementation strategies. In this paper we introduce a strategy—cooperative development—that compliments contemporary community development paradigms (self-help, asset-based, and self-development theories); thus providing communities and practitioners with an effective (and perhaps unfamiliar) vehicle for development. Although cooperative leaders, cooperative developers, and cooperative scholars consider cooperatives an important vehicle for community development, most have stopped short of prescribing how cooperatives can be incorporated into community development paradigms. Our objective is to motivate community development scholars and practitioners to start thinking about cooperatives in new ways, as part of their theory and strategies.
Cosmic Irony: SETI Optimism from Catastrophes?
Creators: name: Cirkovic, Milan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical arguments for skepticism regarding the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence (SETI) are critically examined. It is suggested that the emerging class of "phase transition" astrobiological models can simultaneously account for all available astrophysical and biological evidence, explain several unresolved puzzle in Earth sciences, and rationally justify current and future SETI projects. In particular, the hypothesis of Annis that local gamma-ray bursts drive the astrobiological phase transition deserves to be further quantitatively elucidated. Some epistemological and ethical ramifications of such a model are briefly discussed.
description: 8 pages, no figures
The Impact of Outsourcing on Efficiency in Rural and Nonrural School Districts: The Case of Pupil Transportation in Minnesota
Creators: name: Lazarus, Sheryl S.
name: McCullough, Gerard J.
name: Lazarus, Sheryl S.
name: McCullough, Gerard J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: Government finance reforms in the United States have encouraged public entities to focus on their core mission and to use outsourcing to improve efficiency, yet little is known about whether these reforms impact rural areas differently than nonrural areas. This paper analyzes the provision of one service that is provided either in-house by school districts or outsourced— pupil transportation—and presents a variable cost function for pupil transportation for individual districts in the state of Minnesota. In-house provision of transportation was not shown to be more costly than outsourcing in either rural or nonrural locations; however, small rural districts were much more likely to provide pupil transportation in-house than other types of districts. Large contractors may seek the most profitable contracts in urban and suburban areas, while showing little interest in contracting opportunities in rural school districts.
Eye in the Sky: Drone-Based Object Tracking and 3D Localization
Creators: name: Zhang, Haotian
name: Wang, Gaoang
name: Lei, Zhichao
name: Hwang, Jenq-Neng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Drones, or general UAVs, equipped with a single camera have been widely deployed to a broad range of applications, such as aerial photography, fast goods delivery and most importantly, surveillance. Despite the great progress achieved in computer vision algorithms, these algorithms are not usually optimized for dealing with images or video sequences acquired by drones, due to various challenges such as occlusion, fast camera motion and pose variation. In this paper, a drone-based multi-object tracking and 3D localization scheme is proposed based on the deep learning based object detection. We first combine a multi-object tracking method called TrackletNet Tracker (TNT) which utilizes temporal and appearance information to track detected objects located on the ground for UAV applications. Then, we are also able to localize the tracked ground objects based on the group plane estimated from the Multi-View Stereo technique. The system deployed on the drone can not only detect and track the objects in a scene, but can also localize their 3D coordinates in meters with respect to the drone camera. The experiments have proved our tracker can reliably handle most of the detected objects captured by drones and achieve favorable 3D localization performance when compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
description: Accepted to ACMMM2019
Mach number and plasma beta dependence of the ion temperature perpendicular to the external magnetic field in the transition region of perpendicular collisionless shocks
Creators: name: Yamazaki, Ryo
name: Shinoda, Ayato
name: Umeda, Takayuki
name: Matsukiyo, Shuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ion temperature anisotropy is a common feature for (quasi-)perpendicular collisionless shocks. By using two-dimensional full particle simulations, it is shown, that the ion temperature component perpendicular to the shock magnetic field at the shock foot region is proportional to the square of the Alfven Mach number divided by the plasma beta. This result is also explained by a simple analytical argument, in which the reflected ions get energy from upstream plasma flow. By comparing our analytic and numerical results, it is also confirmed that the fraction of the reflected ions hardly depends on the plasma beta and the Alfven Mach number when the square of the Alfven Mach number divided by the plasma beta is larger than about 20.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. AIP Advances, in press
Commuting Impacts of Spatial Decentralization: A Comparison of Atlanta and Boston
Creators: name: Yang, Jiawen
name: Yang, Jiawen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: The change in commuting time in the process of spatially decentralized development has generated debates on the commuting impacts of spatial decentralization. Using Atlanta and Boston as two sizable but contrasting regions, this research compares commuting and urban spatial structure across space and over time, and examines commuting length increase in relation to the simultaneous decentralization of employment and residence. The empirical results indicate that, while decentralized development is unavoidable in growing regions, alternative decentralization pathways can result in very different transportation outcomes. The relatively spatially constrained decentralization in Boston results in a shorter commuting time and distance compared to the much more sprawling Atlanta.
Feshbach resonance in dense ultracold Fermi gases
Creators: name: Combescot, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a coherent framework allowing to deal with many-body effects in dense ultracold Fermi gases in the presence of a Feshbach resonance. We show that the simple effect of Pauli exclusion induces a strong modification of the basic scattering properties, leading in particular to an energy dependence of the effective scattering length on the scale of the chemical potential. This results in a smearing of the Feshbach resonance and provides a natural explanation for recent experimental findings.
description: 5 pages, revtex, 1 figure
Dynamical arrest, tracer diffusion and Kinetically Constrained Lattice Gases
Creators: name: Toninelli, Cristina
name: Biroli, Giulio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the tagged particle diffusion for kinetically constrained models for glassy systems. We present a method, focusing on the Kob-Andersen model as an example, which allows to prove lower and upper bounds for the self diffusion coefficient $D_S$. This method leads to the exact density dependence of $D_{S}$, at high density, for models with finite defects and to prove diffusivity, $D_{S}>0$, at any finite density for highly cooperative models. A more general outcome is that under very general assumptions one can exclude that a dynamical transition, like the one predicted by the Mode-Coupling-Theory of glasses, takes place at a finite temperature/chemical potential for systems of interacting particles on a lattice.
description: 28 pages, 4 figures
A New Geography for Information Technology Activity?
Creators: name: Riefler, Roger F.
name: Riefler, Roger F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: This paper utilizes data reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Occupational Employment Survey (OES) to estimate relative cost-of-living (COL) indices for each state. Information Technology (IT) activity (as opposed to industry) is defined by employment in computer and math-related occupations (SOC 15). Occupational location quotients were calculated to identify the current distribution of IT. Money wages for these occupations were deflated by estimated state COL’s to obtain real wages. Under the assumption that capital flows respond to relative money wages while labor responds to real salaries, future growth trajectories for currently specialized states as well as potentially specializing states are investigated. Results indicate a likely geographic dispersal of IT. Finally, policy recommendations are made.
Correcting for Selection Bias in Learning-to-rank Systems
Creators: name: Ovaisi, Zohreh
name: Ahsan, Ragib
name: Zhang, Yifan
name: Vasilaky, Kathryn
name: Zheleva, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Click data collected by modern recommendation systems are an important source of observational data that can be utilized to train learning-to-rank (LTR) systems. However, these data suffer from a number of biases that can result in poor performance for LTR systems. Recent methods for bias correction in such systems mostly focus on position bias, the fact that higher ranked results (e.g., top search engine results) are more likely to be clicked even if they are not the most relevant results given a user's query. Less attention has been paid to correcting for selection bias, which occurs because clicked documents are reflective of what documents have been shown to the user in the first place. Here, we propose new counterfactual approaches which adapt Heckman's two-stage method and accounts for selection and position bias in LTR systems. Our empirical evaluation shows that our proposed methods are much more robust to noise and have better accuracy compared to existing unbiased LTR algorithms, especially when there is moderate to no position bias.
description: This paper appeared in The Web Conference (WWW'20), April 20-24, 2020, Taipei, Taiwan
Pure States, Mixed States and Hawking Problem in Generalized Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Shalyt-Margolin, A. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is the continuation of a study into the information paradox problem started by the author in his earlier works. As previously, the key instrument is a deformed density matrix in quantum mechanics of the early universe. It is assumed that the latter represents quantum mechanics with fundamental length. It is demonstrated that the obtained results agree well with the canonical viewpoint that in the processes involving black holes pure states go to the mixed ones in the assumption that all measurements are performed by the observer in a well-known quantum mechanics. Also it is shown that high entropy for Planck remnants of black holes appearing in the assumption of the Generalized Uncertainty Relations may be explained within the scope of the density matrix entropy introduced by the author previously. It is noted that the suggested paradigm is consistent with the Holographic Principle. Because of this, a conjecture is made about the possibility for obtaining the Generalized Uncertainty Relations from the covariant entropy bound at high energies in the same way as R. Bousso has derived Heisenberg uncertainty principle for the flat space.
description: 12 pages,no figures,some corrections,new references
How Much of What We Learn in Virtual Reality Transfers to Real-World Navigation?
Creators: name: Hejtmanek, Lukas
name: Starrett, Michael
name: Ferrer, Emilio
name: Ekstrom, Arne D.
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 170112 Sensory Processes, Perception and Performance
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Past studies suggest that learning a spatial environment by navigating on a desktop computer can lead to significant acquisition of spatial knowledge, although typically less than navigating in the real world. Exactly how this might differ when learning in immersive virtual interfaces that offer a rich set of multisensory cues remains to be fully explored. In this study, participants learned a campus building environment by navigating (1) the real-world version, (2) an immersive version involving an omnidirectional treadmill and head-mounted display, or (3) a version navigated on a desktop computer with a mouse and a keyboard. Participants first navigated the building in one of the three different interfaces and, afterward, navigated the real-world building to assess information transfer. To determine how well they learned the spatial layout, we measured path length, visitation errors, and pointing errors. Both virtual conditions resulted in significant learning and transfer to the real world, suggesting their efficacy in mimicking some aspects of real-world navigation. Overall, real-world navigation outperformed both immersive and desktop navigation, effects particularly pronounced early in learning. This was also suggested in a second experiment involving transfer from the real world to immersive virtual reality (VR). Analysis of effect sizes of going from virtual conditions to the real world suggested a slight advantage for immersive VR compared to desktop in terms of transfer, although at the cost of increased likelihood of dropout. Our findings suggest that virtual navigation results in significant learning, regardless of the interface, with immersive VR providing some advantage when transferring to the real world.
Preparation of ordered states in ultra-cold gases using Bayesian optimization
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Rick
name: Sauvage, Frederic
name: Xie, Harry
name: Löw, Robert
name: Mintert, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ultra-cold atomic gases are unique in terms of the degree of controllability, both for internal and external degrees of freedom. This makes it possible to use them for the study of complex quantum many-body phenomena. However in many scenarios, the prerequisite condition of faithfully preparing a desired quantum state despite decoherence and system imperfections is not always adequately met. To path the way to a specific target state, we explore quantum optimal control framework based on Bayesian optimization. The probabilistic modeling and broad exploration aspects of Bayesian optimization is particularly suitable for quantum experiments where data acquisition can be expensive. Using numerical simulations for the superfluid to Mott-insulator transition for bosons in a lattice as well for the formation of Rydberg crystals as explicit examples, we demonstrate that Bayesian optimization is capable of finding better control solutions with regards to finite and noisy data compared to existing methods of optimal control.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures
Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) ndibu Pritchard & Baker
Creators: name: Ueckermann, Edward A.
name: Zannou, Ignace D.
name: De Moraes, Gilberto J.
name: Oliveira, Anibal R.
name: Hanna, Rachid
name: Yaninek, John S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Typhlodromus
Typhlodromus ndibu

description: Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) ndibu Pritchard & Baker
 Typhlodromus (Neoseiulus) ndibu Pritchard & Baker, 1962: 221.
 Amblydromella ndibu, Matthysse & Denmark, 1981: 351; Moraes et al., 1986: 168.
 Amblydromella (Amblydromella) ndibu, Denmark & Welbourn, 2002: 307.
 Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) ndibu, Moraes et al., 2004: 339; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 155.
 Remarks. Female with idiosomal setal pattern 12A:8A/JV:ZV; dorsal shield strongly reticulate; dorsal setae smooth and sharp-tipped, except Z4, serrate, and Z5, serrate and knobbed; setae r3 and R1 inserted on integument; seta ST3 on sternal shield; posterior margin of sternal shield straight; ventrianal shield pentagonal, with 4 pairs of pre-anal setae (seta JV3 present); JV5 knobbed; calyx of spermatheca funnel-shaped; peritreme extending to level of j1; with knobbed macrosetae on genu and tibia of leg III and on genu, tibia and basitarsus of leg IV. Described from specimens collected at Bandundu, Democratic Republic of Congo (former Zaire), on Casuarina equisetifolia. No additional specimens were collected in the present study.
 World distribution. Indonesia, Nigeria, Republic of Congo and Rwanda.
description: Published as part of Ueckermann, Edward A., Zannou, Ignace D., De Moraes, Gilberto J., Oliveira, Anibal R., Hanna, Rachid & Yaninek, John S., 2008, Phytoseiid mites of the tribe Typhlodromini (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from sub-Saharan Africa, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 1901 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1901.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5134045
Migration Decision-making: A Hierarchical Regression Approach
Creators: name: Chi, Guangqing
name: Voss, Paul
name: Chi, Guangqing
name: Voss, Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: While migration decision-making has long been studied using mover-stayer models and standard regression models, they do not well handle small- and large-scale heterogeneities (migration propensities). The hierarchical regression model can help solve this problem, because it deals with data organized hierarchically and studies variation at different levels of the hierarchy simultaneously. Using Wisconsin’s 5% Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) file from Census 2000 for a two-level hierarchy – individual/household level and Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA) level, we take a fresh look at how a hierarchical logit model can improve migration studies by including demographic, socio-economic, and biogeophysical factors. The findings indicate that the hierarchical regression approach provides significant advantages in studying migration decisionmaking.
Coping with work-related stressors: does education reduce work-related stress?
Creators: name: Schoger, Laura Isabel
Publisher: name: Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Coping
subject: Education
subject: Health
subject: Stress
subject: Work-related stressors
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: Aim: Work is a central area of human life, and work-associated stress can affect health over a long period of time. From a health sociological perspective, it was assumed in this paper that education as a resource is able to support the management of stress(ors) and thus has a positive impact on health. Subject and methods: This contribution deals with the research question of whether more highly educated people cope better with work-related stressors than those people who are less highly educated. Previous research has already proved the relationship between education and health but not the role that education plays in the coping process. Data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS): Starting Cohort 6 – Adults, was used and a cross-sectional analysis was performed. Linear regression models were estimated to analyse the effect of stressors at the workplace on work-related stress. Results: The results show that more well-educated people show a lower level of stress, net of stressors and additional controls. Regarding the moderating effect of education, highly qualified workers are better able to cope with a high level of routine in the workplace. However, more highly educated employees report higher stress levels related to the threat of job loss or lack of occupational advancement compared with less well-educated employees. Conclusion: The general goal of providing healthy work environments can be reached by helping people to recognize and cope with work-related stressors, and by motivating organizations to prevent their members from harmful stressors. Future research should address the ambivalent role of education in moderating the effect of work-related stressors on stress.
Macroeconomic Shocks and Regional Employment: The Case of Southern California
Creators: name: Yamashiro, Guy
name: Grobar, Lisa
name: Yamashiro, Guy
name: Grobar, Lisa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
Labor and Human Capital

description: In this study, we specify a disaggregated vector autoregression model (VAR) to analyze the behavior of employment in three Southern California counties during two different types of aggregate economic downturns. Using this model, we estimate the impact of hypothetical, one-time shocks to macroeconomic variables, on employment levels by county. The two adverse shocks that we examine are a monetary (demand) shock, and an oil price (supply) shock. Our empirical framework allows us to examine, within a single model, the dynamic behavior of employment during these downturns. We provide evidence that even within regional economies in the United States, employment levels respond differentially to macroeconomic shocks. Our model also allows us to examine how the impact of these shocks on total county employment has changed over time. In particular, we find that, over the sample period, total employment across Southern California has become less sensitive to oil price shocks.
A Comment on Tectonics and the Future of Life on Terrestrial Planets
Creators: name: Cirkovic, Milan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is argued that the tight interconnection between biological, climatological, and geophysical factors in the history of the terrestrial biosphere can teach us something of wider importance regarding the general astrobiological evolution of planets in the Galactic habitable zone of the Milky Way. Motivated by a recent debate on the future of Earth's biosphere, we suggest an additional reason why the impact of plate tectonics on the biological evolution is significant on the global Galactic level.
description: 5 pages, no figures; Precambrian Research, submitted
Odd-frequency superconductivity near a magnetic impurity in a conventional superconductor
Creators: name: Kuzmanovski, Dushko
name: Souto, Rubén Seoane
name: Balatsky, Alexander V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductor-ferromagnetic heterostructures have been suggested as one of the most promising alternatives of realizing odd-frequency superconductivity. In this work we consider the limit of shrinking the ferromagnetic region to the limit of a single impurity embedded in a conventional superconductor, which gives raise to localized Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) bound states with energies inside the superconducting gap. We demonstrate that all the sufficient ingredients for generating odd-frequency pairing are present at the vicinity of these impurities. We investigate the appearance of all possible pair amplitudes in accordance with the Berezinskii $SP^{\ast}OT^{\ast} = -1$ rule, being the symmetry under the exchange of spin, spatial, orbital (in our case $O=+1$) and time index, respectively. We study the spatial and frequency dependence of of the possible pairing amplitudes, analyzing their evolution with impurity strength and identifying a reciprocity between different symmetries related through impurity scattering. We show that the odd-frequency spin-triplet pairing amplitude dominates at the critical impurity strength, where the YSR states merge at the middle of the gap, while the even components cancel out close to the impurity. We also show that the spin-polarized local density of states exhibits the same spatial and frequency behavior as the odd-$ω$ spin-triplet component at the critical impurity strength.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Magnon and phonon assisted tunneling in a high-magnetoresistance tunnel junction using Co$_{75}$Fe$_{25}$ ferromagnetic electrodes
Creators: name: Lü, C.
name: Wu, M. W.
name: Han, X. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetoelectric properties of the spin-valve-type tunnel junction of Ta(5\ nm)/Ni$_{79}$Fe$_{21}$ (25 nm)/Ir$_{22}$Mn$_{78}$ (10 nm)/Co$_{75}$Fe$_{25}$ (4 nm)/Al (0.8 nm)-oxide/Co$_{75}$Fe$_{25}$ (4 nm)/Ni$_{79}$Fe$_{21}$ (20 nm)/Ta (5 nm) are investigated both experimentally and theoretically. It is shown that both magnon and phonon excitations contribute to the tunneling process. Moreover, we show that there are two branches of magnon with spin $S=1/2$ and 3/2 respectively. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures in RevTex format