cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Comparisons of Different Measures of Profitability in the Context of Public Health Emergency Funding
Creators: name: Ma, Jessie Jia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Hospital closures, especially in rural areas, are a prevalent public health issue. Literature reveals that hospital closures lead to worse health outcomes and increased economic strain in the affected communities. In the past decade, rural hospital closures have been increasing rapidly and the rise in closures is of great concern to public health professionals. In order to prevent hospital closures, profitability measures are used to predict closures and monitor financial health of hospitals. There are three primary ways that operating margins can be defined using data from the Medicare cost report: patient care only (PC), patient care and other operations (PCO), and patient care, other operations, and government appropriations (PCOG). In March 2020, Congress passed the Coronavirus, Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act and the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act (PPP) to financially support hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper examines how COVID-19 relief funding impacted the three different operating margin measures across three hospital types: Critical Access Hospitals, rural hospitals paid under the Inpatient Prospective Payment System, and urban hospitals paid under the Inpatient Prospective Payment System. Results revealed that PC measures decreased in the first post-COVID time period, while PCO and PCOG measures increased throughout the post-COVID time periods. PC measures were a truer measure of the impact of the pandemic on revenues and expenses; PCO and PCOG measures included the COVID-19 relief funding and therefore masked the operational impact of the pandemic on hospitals.
Critical Remarks on Landauer's principle of erasure-dissipation
Creators: name: Kish, Laszlo B.
name: Granqvist, Claes-Goran
name: Khatri, Sunil P.
name: Smulko, Janusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We briefly address Landauer's Principle and some related issues in thermal demons. We show that an error-free Turing computer works in the zero-entropy limit, which proves Landauer's derivation incorrect. To have a physical logic gate, memory or information-engine, a few essential components necessary for the operation of these devices are often neglected, such as various aspects of control, damping and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. We also point out that bit erasure is typically not needed or used for the functioning of computers or engines (except for secure erasure).
description: Earlier version was published as: http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S2010194514603640 Present (expanded/modified) version: Internat. Conf. Noise and Fluctuations, 2015, to be published
Combining Environmental Modeling And Community Feedback To Examine Water Quality: A Case Study Of Badin Lake And Its Tributaries
Creators: name: Samantha Feinstein
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: From 1917 to 2007, Alcoa Inc operated its aluminum smelting facility along the shore of Badin Lake, NC. With a permit, Alcoa’s now decommissioned property leaches runoff that has been found to contain constituents such as cyanide and fluoride into and around Badin Lake. The Badin community is concerned for their health and local water quality. This study was conducted as an independent, unbiased sampling event of the lake to provide transparency on water quality and monitoring processes. An approach was used in this study where geographic information systems (GIS), community input, Bayesian maximum entropy, and land use regression models were combined to spatially analyze these constituents. The results of the study provide insights into Badin Lake’s water quality and demonstrate how this approach was used in this case study.
Optimizing Privacy and Utility Tradeoffs for Group Interests Through Harmonization
Creators: name: Mandal, Bishwas
name: Amariucai, George
name: Wei, Shuangqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a novel problem formulation to address the privacy-utility tradeoff, specifically when dealing with two distinct user groups characterized by unique sets of private and utility attributes. Unlike previous studies that primarily focus on scenarios where all users share identical private and utility attributes and often rely on auxiliary datasets or manual annotations, we introduce a collaborative data-sharing mechanism between two user groups through a trusted third party. This third party uses adversarial privacy techniques with our proposed data-sharing mechanism to internally sanitize data for both groups and eliminates the need for manual annotation or auxiliary datasets. Our methodology ensures that private attributes cannot be accurately inferred while enabling highly accurate predictions of utility features. Importantly, even if analysts or adversaries possess auxiliary datasets containing raw data, they are unable to accurately deduce private features. Additionally, our data-sharing mechanism is compatible with various existing adversarially trained privacy techniques. We empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using synthetic and real-world datasets, showcasing its ability to balance the conflicting goals of privacy and utility.
description: 10 pages, Paper accepted at 2024 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)
Health Interventions Delivered in Faith-based Settings: A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Christina Frederick
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Background: Faith-based organizations offer a substantial setting to promote health, implement health programs, and reach underserved populations. Public health agencies have partnered with faith-based organizations to implement health interventions and faith-based organizations also implement interventions internally. Understanding the effectiveness of different interventions on health-related outcomes is critical for informing future implementation efforts and research.     
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of secular health interventions delivered in faith-based settings. 
Methods: Database searches were conducted in Cochrane, PubMed, and Scopus to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the benefit of non-religious health interventions implemented in US faith-based organizations compared to no intervention or inactive control. Risk of bias assessment was performed on all eligible studies. Study characteristics and results of health-related outcomes were synthesized narratively by the health problem targeted by the intervention.     
Results: Nine RCTs met inclusion criteria with publication dates ranging from 1997 to 2022. Interventions took place in Christian churches and targeted screening and healthy lifestyle. Interventions were in-person, online, and through mobile apps with duration ranging from 1 hour to 15 months. Laypersons and health professionals delivered the interventions. Outcomes were not measured beyond 15 months from baseline and 6 months post-intervention. Although outcomes, measures, and results were heterogeneous, all studies reported improvements in at least one health outcome included in the study. Results were most consistent across studies for outcomes related to physical activity, diet and nutrition, and weight. 
Conclusion: Health interventions delivered in faith-based settings can be effective and improve health-related outcomes. Further research assessing the magnitude of this effect, the consistency of specific health outcomes affected, and the sustainability of effects is needed.
Initial Exploration of Zero-Shot Privacy Utility Tradeoffs in Tabular Data Using GPT-4
Creators: name: Mandal, Bishwas
name: Amariucai, George
name: Wei, Shuangqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate the application of large language models (LLMs), specifically GPT-4, to scenarios involving the tradeoff between privacy and utility in tabular data. Our approach entails prompting GPT-4 by transforming tabular data points into textual format, followed by the inclusion of precise sanitization instructions in a zero-shot manner. The primary objective is to sanitize the tabular data in such a way that it hinders existing machine learning models from accurately inferring private features while allowing models to accurately infer utility-related attributes. We explore various sanitization instructions. Notably, we discover that this relatively simple approach yields performance comparable to more complex adversarial optimization methods used for managing privacy-utility tradeoffs. Furthermore, while the prompts successfully obscure private features from the detection capabilities of existing machine learning models, we observe that this obscuration alone does not necessarily meet a range of fairness metrics. Nevertheless, our research indicates the potential effectiveness of LLMs in adhering to these fairness metrics, with some of our experimental results aligning with those achieved by well-established adversarial optimization techniques.
description: 8 pages, Paper accepted at 2024 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)
Additional file 1 of Psychometric evaluation of the Urgency NRS as a new patient-reported outcome measure for patients with ulcerative colitis
Creators: name: Dubinsky, Marla C.
name: Shan, Mingyang
name: Delbecque, Laure
name: Lissoos, Trevor
name: Hunter, Theresa
name: Harding, Gale
name: Stassek, Larissa
name: Andrae, David
name: Lewis, James D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Table 1. Known-groups validity based on uncollapsed PGRS scores. Supplementary Table 2. Responsiveness at week 12 based on uncollapsed PGRS score changes. Supplementary Table 3. Responsiveness at week 12 based on uncollapsed PGRC categories. Supplementary Table 4. Anchor-based analysis of meaningful change from baseline: clinical remission. Supplementary Table 5. Anchor-based analysis of urgency remission at week 12: endoscopic remission and histologic remission.
Development of a Qualtrics survey prototype:  Assessing the medical needs of newly arrived asylum seekers at a humanitarian aid organization along the Mexico-United States border.
Creators: name: Santiago Bejarano Hernandez
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Introduction: 
This project improves the quality of the asylum seeker medical needs data collection tool in Casa Alitas by developing a Qualtrics survey prototype. Asylum seekers arrive to the United States with a wide spectrum of medical needs ranging from mild symptoms to severe injuries. There are no established guidelines for best practices in identifying their medical needs despite significant barriers to medical care and risks faced throughout their migration journey. In Tucson, Arizona, a humanitarian aid organization called Casa Alitas identifies the medical needs of asylum seekers they interact with using paper forms that are manually transcribed onto an online survey at the end of each month. 

Methods: 
I used a multi-phase, iterative approach to develop a Qualtrics survey prototype that identifies the medical needs of asylum seekers and creates monthly data reports. Phase 1 consisted of completing a needs assessment, reviewing current practices, and conducting an evidence-based review of best practices for identifying the medical needs of asylum seekers. Phase 2 details the development of the Qualtrics medical needs survey prototype. Phase 3 explored the creation of the monthly data reports within Qualtrics.

Results: 
The Qualtrics medical needs prototype for Casa Alitas is a 52-question online survey with twenty-seven (27) forced response questions and twenty-seven (27) display logic questions. The survey prototype takes 5-10 minutes to complete and uses evidence-based measures. The survey prototype creates customizable and automatable data reports using Qualtrics software features.
Position-dependent mass Lagrangians: nonlocal transformations, Euler-Lagrange invariance and exact solvability
Creators: name: Mustafa, Omar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general non-local point transformation for position-dependent mass Lagrangians and their mapping into a "constant unit-mass" Lagrangians in the generalized coordinates is introduced. The conditions on the invariance of the related Euler-Lagrange equations are reported. The harmonic oscillator linearization of the PDM Euler-Lagrange equations is discussed through some illustrative examples including harmonic oscillators, shifted harmonic oscillators, a quadratic nonlinear oscillator, and a Morse-type oscillator. The Mathews-Lakshmanan nonlinear oscillators are reproduced and some "shifted" Mathews-Lakshmanan nonlinear oscillators are reported. The mapping of an isotonic nonlinear oscillator into a PDM deformed isotonic oscillator is also discussed.
description: 9 pages, no figures, to appear in J. Phys. A
Perturbation and scaled Cook’s distance
Creators: name: Cho, Hyunsoon
name: Zhu, Hongtu
name: Ibrahim, Joseph G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Cook's (Cook, 1977) distance is one of the most important diagnostic tools for detecting influential individual or subsets of observations in linear regression for cross-sectional data. However, for many complex data structures (e.g., longitudinal data), no rigorous approach has been developed to address a fundamental issue: deleting subsets with different numbers of observations introduces different degrees of perturbation to the current model fitted to the data and the magnitude of Cook's distance is associated with the degree of the perturbation. The aim of this paper is to address this issue in general parametric models with complex data structures. We propose a new quantity for measuring the degree of the perturbation introduced by deleting a subset. We use stochastic ordering to quantify the stochastic relationship between the degree of the perturbation and the magnitude of Cook's distance. We develop several scaled Cook's distances to resolve the comparison of Cook's distance for different subset deletions. Theoretical and numerical examples are examined to highlight the broad spectrum of applications of these scaled Cook's distances in a formal influence analysis.
A remarkably flat relationship between the average star formation rate and AGN luminosity for distant X-ray AGN
Creators: name: Stanley, F.
name: Harrison, C. M.
name: Alexander, D. M.
name: Swinbank, A. M.
name: Aird, J. A.
name: Del Moro, A.
name: Hickox, R. C.
name: Mullaney, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study we investigate the relationship between the star formation rate, SFR, and AGN luminosity, L(AGN), for ~2000 X-ray detected AGN. The AGN span over three orders of magnitude in X-ray luminosity (10^(42) < L(2-8keV) < 10^(45.5) erg/s) and are in the redshift range z = 0.2 - 2.5. Using infrared (IR) photometry (8 - 500um), including deblended Spitzer and Herschel images and taking into account photometric upper limits, we decompose the IR spectral energy distributions into AGN and star formation components. Using the IR luminosities due to star formation, we investigate the average SFRs as a function of redshift and AGN luminosity. In agreement with previous studies, we find a strong evolution of the average SFR with redshift, tracking the observed evolution of the overall star forming galaxy population. However, we find that the relationship between the average SFR and AGN luminosity is flat at all redshifts and across all the AGN luminosities investigated; in comparison to previous studies, we find less scatter amongst the average SFRs across the wide range of AGN luminosities investigated. By comparing to empirical models, we argue that the observed flat relationship is due to short timescale variations in AGN luminosity, driven by changes in the mass accretion rate, which wash out any underlying correlations between SFR and L(AGN). Furthermore, we show that the exact form of the predicted relationship between SFR and AGN luminosity (and it's normalisation) is highly sensitive to the assumed intrinsic Eddington ratio distribution.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 15 pages, 9 figures
Adaptive Market Efficiency of Agricultural Commodity Futures Contracts
Creators: name: Coronado-Ramírez, Semei
name: Celso-Arellano, Pedro
name: Rojas, Omar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 91G70

description: In this paper we investigate the adaptive market efficiency of the agricultural commodity futures market, using a sample of eight futures contracts. Using a battery of nonlinear tests, we uncover the nonlinear serial dependence in the returns series. We run the Hinich portmanteau bicorrelation test to uncover the moments in which the nonlinear serial dependence, and therefore adaptive market efficiency, occurs for our sample.
description: 11 pages
Additional file 1 of The impact of price transparency and competition on hospital costs: a research on all-payer claims databases
Creators: name: Han, Ahreum
name: Lee, Keon-Hyung
name: Park, Jongsun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Appendix 1. Status of APCDs Adoption as of 2020.
Overview of the hadronic light-by-light contribution to the muon (g-2)
Creators: name: Masjuan, Pere
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk I review the recent progress on the numerical evaluation of the Hadronic Light-by-Light contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon and I discuss the role of experimental data on the accuracy of its determination.
description: 4 pages, Invited talk at the 13th International Workshop on Tau Lepton Physics, Aachen, Germany, 15-19 September, 2014. References added
Molecular beam epitaxy growth and scanning tunneling microscopy study of TiSe$_2$ ultrathin films
Creators: name: Peng, Jun-Ping
name: Guan, Jia-Qi
name: Zhang, Hui-Min
name: Song, Can-Li
name: Wang, Lili
name: He, Ke
name: Xue, Qi-Kun
name: Ma, Xu-Cun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular beam epitaxy is used to grow TiSe2 ultrathin films on graphitized SiC(0001) substrate. TiSe2films proceed via a nearly layer-by-layer growth mode and exhibit two dominant types of defects, identified as Se vacancy and interstitial, respectively. By means of scanning tunneling microscopy, we demonstrate that the well-established charge density waves can survive in single unit-cell (one triple layer) regime, and find a gradual reduction in their correlation length as the density of surface defects in TiSe2 ultrathin films increases. Our findings offer important insights into the nature of charge density wave in TiSe2, and also pave a material foundation for potential applications based on the collective electronic states.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Q-learning with censored data
Creators: name: Kosorok, Michael R.
name: Goldberg, Yair
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: We develop methodology for a multistage-decision problem with flexible number of stages in which the rewards are survival times that are subject to censoring. We present a novel Q-learning algorithm that is adjusted for censored data and allows a flexible number of stages. We provide finite sample bounds on the generalization error of the policy learned by the algorithm, and show that when the optimal Q-function belongs to the approximation space, the expected survival time for policies obtained by the algorithm converges to that of the optimal policy. We simulate a multistage clinical trial with flexible number of stages and apply the proposed censored-Q-learning algorithm to find individualized treatment regimens. The methodology presented in this paper has implications in the design of personalized medicine trials in cancer and in other life-threatening diseases.
Metaphorical Death and Conceptions of the Otherworld in the Twelfth-Century British Isles
Creators: name: Ledbetter, Bryanna
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: The inevitability of death is a concept explored throughout the ages, and in the medieval world, scholars sought to make sense of this aspect of life. Because of this, beliefs about death and the afterlife permeated through much of society and underwent a significant evolution throughout the Middle Ages. By the twelfth century, conceptions of the afterlife had become increasingly diverse and were recorded by a number of authors across multiple genres in the British Isles. This thesis attempts to explore the variety of beliefs about the otherworld that emerged in the twelfth century through the ideas of metaphorical and incomplete death. Treatments of metaphorical death can be separated into stages of development which show a narrowing separation between the supernatural and physical world. This progression is intended to categorize the variety of depictions of the otherworld as a method of understanding just how diversified beliefs were about death and the afterlife.
Surgeons’ Volume of Colorectal Cancer Procedures and Collaborative Decision-Making About Adjuvant Therapies
Creators: name: Zaslavsky, Alan M.
name: Ayanian, John Z.
name: Sandler, Robert S.
name: Keating, Nancy L.
name: Rogers, Selwyn O.
name: Ko, Clifford Y.
name: Kahn, Katherine L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Few studies have assessed associations of surgeons’ practice volume with processes of care that lead to better outcomes.
An Integrability Condition for Simple Lie Groups II
Creators: name: Min-Oo, Maung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is shown that a simple Lie group $G$ ($ \neq {\rm SL}_2$) can be locally characterised by an integrability condition on an $\operatorname{Aut}(\mathfrak{g})$ structure on the tangent bundle, where $\operatorname{Aut}(\mathfrak{g})$ is the automorphism group of the Lie algebra of $G$. The integrability condition is the vanishing of a torsion tensor of type $(1,2)$. This is a slight improvement of an earlier result proved in [Min-Oo M., Ruh E.A., in Differential Geometry and Complex Analysis, Springer, Berlin, 1985, 205-211].
Who is a Civilian?: Assessing the Root of Increasing Journalist Deaths during Conflict
Creators: name: Hatsios, Zoe
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: How are journalists protected in conflict zones? This paper examines the definition of conflict and journalism, narrowing the scope to the area in which the two concepts intersect. This thesis examines the escalating trend of targeting journalists in conflict zones and the potential root causes with an interdisciplinary approach. While civil society, governments, and many scholars have recently highlighted the threats to journalists who cover conflict, an assessment of the severity of this issue is rare. By analyzing the relevant statistics, the information we know about conflict journalism, and the experiences of journalists operating in conflict zones, I assess the severity of conflict journalist killings and build upon it. This thesis aims to weigh the extralegal and law-based contributors to journalist targeting in the twenty-first century, focusing on the mechanisms by which technology has changed conflict and the media. Given the potential humanitarian risks of continuing the trend of targeting journalists, this research sheds light on routes for improving journalist safety, including listing the existing proposals and providing insights into which reforms may be most appropriate.
Hospitalization Rates Before and After Adult-to-Adult Living Donor or Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation
Creators: name: Brown, Robert S.
name: Abecassis, Michael M.
name: Berg, Carl L.
name: Trotter, James F.
name: Fisher, Robert A.
name: Shaked, Abraham
name: Shearon, Tempie H.
name: Hong, Johnny C.
name: Hayashi, Paul H.
name: Merion, Robert M.
name: Everhart, James E.
name: Terrault, Norah A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: To compare rates of hospitalization before and after adult-to-adult living donor liver transplant (LDLT) and deceased donor liver transplant (DDLT).
Redshift drift in a universe with structure III: Numerical relativity
Creators: name: Koksbang, Sofie Marie
name: Heinesen, Asta
name: Macpherson, Hayley J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the cosmic redshift drift - the change in redshift of a source over time - will enable independent detection of cosmological expansion thanks to the immense precision soon reached by new facilities such as the Square Kilometer Array Observatory and the Extremely Large Telescope. We conduct the first ever redshift drift computation in fully relativistic cosmological simulations, with the simulations performed with the Einstein Toolkit. We compute the redshift drift over the full skies of 50 synthetic observers in the simulation. We compare all-sky averages for each observer - and across all observers - to the Einstein-de Sitter (EdS) model which represents the large-scale spatially-averaged spacetime of the simulation. We find that at $z\approx0.2$ the mean redshift drift across the sky for all observers deviates from the EdS prediction at the percent level, reducing to $\sim0.1\%$ by $z\approx 1$. However, fluctuations in the redshift drift across the sky are $\sim 10-30\%$ at $z\approx 0.1$ and a few percent at $z\approx 0.5$. Such fluctuations are large enough to potentially exceed the expected precision of upcoming redshift drift measurements. Additionally, we find that along 0.48% of the light rays the redshift drift becomes temporarily positive at very low redshift of $z\lesssim 0.02$. This occurs despite our simulation data being based on a matter-dominated model universe. By including a cosmological constant, we expect a slower growth of structures than in the leading-order EdS space-time, and this may reduce the anisotropy over the observers' skies, although we generally expect our results to hold as order-of-magnitude estimates. Redshift drift is arguably one of the most important measurements to be made by next-generation telescopes. Our results collectively serve as preparation for interpreting such a measurement in the presence of realistic cosmic structures.
description: 15 pages including appendixes and bibliography. 11 captioned figures. v2: Minor additions to match version accepted for publication
Thermodynamics of large-$N$ gauge theories on a sphere: weak versus strong coupling
Creators: name: Zuo, Fen
name: Gao, Yi-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently lattice simulation in pure Yang-Mills theory exposes significant quadratic corrections for both the thermodynamic quantities and the renormalized Polyakov loop in the deconfined phase. These terms are previously found to appear naturally for ${\mathcal N}=4$ Super Yang-Mills~(SYM) on a sphere at strong coupling, through the gauge/gravity duality. Here we extend the investigation to the weak coupling regime, and for general large-$N$ gauge theories. Employing the matrix model description, we find some novel behavior in the deconfined phase, which is not noticed in the literature. Due to the non-uniform eigenvalue distribution of the holonomy around the time circle, the deviation of the Polyakov loop from one starts from $1/T^3$ instead of $1/T^2$. Such a power is fixed by the space dimension and do not change with different theories. This statement is also true when perturbative corrections to the single-particle partition functions are included. The corrections to the Polyakov loop and higher moments of the distribution function combine to give a universal term, $T/4$, in the free energy. These differences between the weak and strong coupling regime could be easily explained if a strong/weak coupling phase transition occurs in the deconfined phase of large-$N$ gauge theories on a compact manifold.
description: Discussion on the small-$\lambda$ corrections improved
Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage II–III Triple Negative Breast Cancer on Eligibility for Breast-conserving Surgery and Breast Conservation Rates: Surgical Results From CALGB 40603 (Alliance)
Creators: name: Jasinski, Sara
name: Golshan, Mehra
name: Ollila, David W.
name: Cirrincione, Constance T.
name: Hudis, Clifford
name: Winer, Eric
name: Sikov, William M.
name: Berry, Donald A.
name: Weisberg, Tracey F.
name: Somlo, George
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: To assess the efficacy of neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) at increasing the rate of successful breast-conserving therapy (BCT) in triple negative breast cancer.
Additional file 1 of Applying the 4Ps of social marketing to retain and engage participants in longitudinal cohort studies: generation 2 Raine study participant perspectives
Creators: name: Costello, Leesa
name: Dare, Julie
name: Dontje, Manon
name: Lambert, Claire
name: Straker, Leon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Interview Guide.
Clinicopathologic Features of Incident and Subsequent Tumors in Patients with Multiple Primary Cutaneous Melanomas
Creators: name: Rosso, Stefano
name: Kricker, Anne
name: Scolyer, Richard A.
name: Gruber, Stephen B.
name: From, Lynn
name: Armstrong, Bruce K.
name: Begg, Colin B.
name: Dwyer, Terence
name: Orlow, Irene
name: Kanetsky, Peter A.
name: Murali, Rajmohan
name: Thomas, Nancy E.
name: Busam, Klaus J.
name: Goumas, Chris
name: Berwick, Marianne
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: 0.6–12.7% of patients with primary cutaneous melanoma will develop additional melanomas. Pathologic features of tumors in patients with multiple primary cutaneous melanomas have not been well described. In this large international multi-center case-control study, we compared the clinicopathologic features of a subsequent melanoma with the preceding (usually the first) melanoma in patients with multiple primary cutaneous melanomas, and with those of melanomas in patients with single primary cutaneous melanomas.
Late-end reionization with ATON-HE: towards constraints from Lyman-$α$ emitters observed with JWST
Creators: name: Asthana, Shikhar
name: Haehnelt, Martin G.
name: Kulkarni, Girish
name: Aubert, Dominique
name: Bolton, James S.
name: Keating, Laura C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new suite of late-end reionization simulations performed with ATON-HE, a revised version of the GPU-based radiative transfer code ATON that includes helium. The simulations are able to reproduce the Ly$α$ flux distribution of the E-XQR-30 sample of QSO absorption spectra at $5 \lesssim z \lesssim 6.2$, and show that a large variety of reionization models are consistent with these data. We explore a range of variations in source models and in the early-stage evolution of reionization. Our fiducial reionization history has a midpoint of reionization at $z = 6.5$, but we also explore an `Early' reionization history with a midpoint at $z = 7.5$ and an `Extremely Early' reionization history with a midpoint at $z = 9.5$. Haloes massive enough to host observed Ly$α$ emitters are highly biased. The fraction of such haloes embedded in ionized bubbles that are large enough to allow high Ly$α$ transmission becomes close to unity much before the volume filling factor of ionized regions. For our fiducial reionization history this happens at $z = 8$, probably too late to be consistent with the detection by JWST of abundant Ly$α$ emission out to $z = 11$. A reionization history in our `Early' model or perhaps even our `Extremely Early' model may be required, suggesting a Thomson scattering optical depth in tension with that reported by Planck, but consistent with recent suggestions of a significantly higher value.
description: 25 pages, 15 figures
MOESM8 of Characterization of the non-glandular gastric region microbiota in Helicobacter suis-infected versus non-infected pigs identifies a potential role for Fusobacterium gastrosuis in gastric ulceration
Creators: name: ChloĂŤ De Witte
name: Demeyere, Kristel
name: Bruyckere, Sofie De
name: Taminiau, Bernard
name: Daube, Georges
name: Ducatelle, Richard
name: Meyer, Evelyne
name: Haesebrouck, Freddy
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 8. The number of F. gastrosuis bacteria in the different stomach regions of 2â  3 months old pigs, 6â  8 months old pigs and adult sows. Data are shown as log10 values of the average number of F. gastrosuis bacteria per mg tissue with standard deviation. Statistical differences were calculated using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H test. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.001 significant differences between the stomach regions. Significant differences between the age groups are indicated with brackets.
Local Recurrence Rates are Low in High-Risk Neoadjuvant Breast Cancer in the I-SPY 1 Trial (CALGB 150007/150012; ACRIN 6657)
Creators: name: Cureton, Elizabeth L.
name: Alvarado, Michael D.
name: Krontiras, Helen
name: Esserman, Laura J.
name: Ewing, Cheryl A.
name: Yau, Christina
name: Ollila, David W.
name: Monnier, Sindy
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Increasingly, women with stage 2 and 3 breast cancers receive neoadjuvant therapy, after which many are eligible for breast-conserving surgery (BCS). The question often arises as to whether BCS, if achievable, provides adequate local control. We report the results of local recurrence (LR) from the I-SPY 1 Trial in the setting of maximal multidisciplinary treatment where approximately 50 % of patients were treated with BCS.
Dismai-Bench: Benchmarking and designing generative models using disordered materials and interfaces
Creators: name: Yong, Adrian Xiao Bin
name: Su, Tianyu
name: Ertekin, Elif
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generative models have received significant attention in recent years for materials science applications, particularly in the area of inverse design for materials discovery. However, these models are usually assessed based on newly generated, unverified materials, which provide a narrow evaluation of a model's performance. Also, current efforts for inorganic materials have predominantly focused on small crystals, even though the capability to generate large disordered structures would significantly expand the applicability of generative modeling. In this work, we present the Disordered Materials & Interfaces Benchmark (Dismai-Bench), a generative model benchmark that uses datasets of disordered alloys, interfaces, and amorphous silicon (256-264 atoms per structure). Models are trained on each dataset independently, and evaluated through direct structural comparisons between training and generated structures. Benchmarking was performed on two graph diffusion models and two (coordinate-based) U-Net diffusion models. The graph models were found to significantly outperform the U-Net models due to the higher expressive power of graphs. While noise in the less expressive models can assist in discovering materials by facilitating exploration beyond the training distribution, these models face significant challenges when confronted with more complex structures. To further demonstrate the benefits of this benchmarking in the development process of a generative model, we considered the case of developing a point-cloud-based generative adversarial network (GAN) to generate low-energy disordered interfaces. We show that the best performing architecture, CryinGAN, outperforms the U-Net models, and is competitive against the graph models despite its lack of invariances and weaker expressive power. This work provides a new framework and insights to guide the development of future generative models.
V1298 Tau with TESS: Updated Ephemerides, Radii, and Period Constraints from a Second Transit of V1298 Tau e
Creators: name: David, T.J.
name: Montet, B.T.
name: Feinstein, A.D.
name: Livingston, J.H.
name: Foreman-Mackey, D.
name: Mann, A.W.
Publisher: name: American Astronomical Society
Year: 2022

description: V1298 Tau is a young (20-30 Myr) solar-mass K star hosting four transiting exoplanets with sizes between 0.5 and 0.9 R J. Given the system's youth, it provides a unique opportunity to understand the evolution of planetary radii at different separations in the same stellar environment. V1298 Tau was originally observed 6 yr ago during K2 Campaign 4. Now, V1298 Tau has been re-observed during the extended mission of NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Here, we present new photometric observations of V1298 Tau from TESS. We use the TESS data to update the ephemerides for V1298 Tau bcde as well as compare newly observed radii to those measured from the K2 light curve, finding shallower transits for V1298 Tau bcd in the redder TESS bandpass at the 1-2σ level. We suspect the difference in radii is due to starspot crossing events or contamination from nearby faint stars on the same pixels as V1298 Tau. Additionally, we catch a second transit of V1298 Tau e and present a new method for deriving the marginalized posterior probability of a planet's period from two transits observed years apart. We find the highest probability period for V1298 Tau e to be in a near 2:1 mean motion resonance with V1298 Tau b which, if confirmed, could make V1298 Tau bcde a four-planet resonant chain. V1298 Tau is the target of several ongoing and future observations. These updated ephemerides will be crucial for scheduling future transit observations and interpreting future Doppler tomographic or transmission spectroscopy signals.
Modular Classes of Lie Groupoid Representations up to Homotopy
Creators: name: Mehta, Rajan Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We describe a construction of the modular class associated to a representation up to homotopy of a Lie groupoid. In the case of the adjoint representation up to homotopy, this class is the obstruction to the existence of a volume form, in the sense of Weinstein's "The volume of a differentiable stack".
Precise quantization of anomalous Hall effect near zero magnetic field
Creators: name: Bestwick, A. J.
name: Fox, E. J.
name: Kou, Xufeng
name: Pan, Lei
name: Wang, Kang L.
name: Goldhaber-Gordon, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a nearly ideal quantum anomalous Hall effect in a three-dimensional topological insulator thin film with ferromagnetic doping. Near zero applied magnetic field we measure exact quantization in Hall resistance to within a part per 10,000 and longitudinal resistivity under 1 ohm per square, with chiral edge transport explicitly confirmed by non-local measurements. Deviations from this behavior are found to be caused by thermally-activated carriers, which can be eliminated by taking advantage of an unexpected magnetocaloric effect.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, with 9 pages of supplementary information
An update on the classical and quantum harmonic oscillators on the sphere and the hyperbolic plane in polar coordinates
Creators: name: Quesne, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple derivation of the classical solutions of a nonlinear model describing a harmonic oscillator on the sphere and the hyperbolic plane is presented in polar coordinates. These solutions are then related to those in cartesian coordinates, whose form was previously guessed. In addition, the nature of the classical orthogonal polynomials entering the bound-state radial wavefunctions of the corresponding quantum model is identified.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures, published version
Surgical Patterns of Care in Patients with Invasive Breast Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy and Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Results of a Secondary Analysis of TBCRC 017
Creators: name: Meszoely, Ingrid
name: Hwang, E. Shelley
name: Forero, Andres
name: Horton, Janet K.
name: Amos, Keith D.
name: Golshan, Mehra
name: De Los Santos, Jennifer F.
name: McGuire, Kandace P.
name: Nanda, Rita
name: Hudis, Cliff A.
name: Meric-Bernstam, Funda
name: Cantor, Alan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) down-stages advanced primary tumors, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) being the most sensitive imaging predictor of response. However, the impact of MRI evaluation on surgical treatment decisions in the neoadjuvant setting has not been well described. We report surgical patterns of care across 8 National Cancer Institute comprehensive cancer centers in women receiving both NCT and MRI to evaluate the impact of MRI findings on surgical planning.
Artificial Magnetic Fields in Momentum Space in Spin-Orbit Coupled Systems
Creators: name: Price, Hannah M.
name: Ozawa, Tomoki
name: Cooper, Nigel R.
name: Carusotto, Iacopo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Berry curvature is a geometrical property of an energy band which can act as a momentum space magnetic field in the effective Hamiltonian of a wide range of systems. We apply the effective Hamiltonian to a spin-1/2 particle in two dimensions with spin-orbit coupling, a Zeeman field and an additional harmonic trap. Depending on the parameter regime, we show how this system can be described in momentum space as either a Fock-Darwin Hamiltonian or a one-dimensional ring pierced by a magnetic flux. With this perspective, we interpret important single-particle properties, and identify analogue magnetic phenomena in momentum space. Finally we discuss the extension of this work to higher spin systems, as well as experimental applications in ultracold atomic gases and photonic systems.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures
Methods for sample preparation for proteomics analyses from Progresses and challenges in Strongyloides spp. proteomics
Creators: name: Tiberti, Natalia
name: Manfredi, Marcello
name: Piubelli, Chiara
name: Buonfrate, Dora
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Microbiology not elsewhere classified

description: Detailed description of the methods used to prepare and analyse serum samples by tandem mass spectrometry
Towards high mobility InSb nanowire devices
Creators: name: Gül, Önder
name: van Woerkom, David J.
name: van Weperen, Ilse
name: Car, Diana
name: Plissard, Sébastien R.
name: Bakkers, Erik P. A. M.
name: Kouwenhoven, Leo P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the low-temperature electron mobility of InSb nanowires. We extract the mobility at 4.2 Kelvin by means of field effect transport measurements using a model consisting of a nanowire-transistor with contact resistances. This model enables an accurate extraction of device parameters, thereby allowing for a systematic study of the nanowire mobility. We identify factors affecting the mobility, and after optimization obtain a field effect mobility of $\sim2.5\mathbin{\times}10^4$ cm$^2$/Vs. We further demonstrate the reproducibility of these mobility values which are among the highest reported for nanowires. Our investigations indicate that the mobility is currently limited by adsorption of molecules to the nanowire surface and/or the substrate.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures (main text); 7 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables (supplementary text)
Review on the Raw Milk Pricing System from a Supply-Demand Balance Point of View
Creators: name: Lee, Changsu
name: Lee, Changsu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: milk
subject: dairy
subject: EDM

description: This study reviews the current milk pricing system in the Korean dairy industry focusing on the viewpoint of equilibrating the demand and supply. The current raw milk pricing system greatly depends on the supply side. Hence, the shocks in the dairy industry are not easy to be solved in the current pricing system. This study finds out that the policy options such as a free pricing system determined by a market mechanism or adjusting quotas can be good alternatives to the current system for equilibrating the demands and supply in the Korean dairy market.