cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An improved scalar quantization-based digital video watermarking scheme for H.264/AVC
Creators: name: Golikeri, Adarsh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Digital watermarking, a robust information-embedding technique, has gained significant attention in the past few years, due to the spread of illegal redistribution and unauthorized use of digital multimedia content. In general, a watermark is a secure, perceptually invisible, unique, low-power signal which is robustly inserted into original digital content. In this thesis, we propose an improved, scalar quantization-based digital video watermarking scheme. The aim is to enable video content producers and owners to embed a robust watermark into their video. If such a scheme is implemented on a large scale, it could serve as a deterrent against rampant distribution and sharing of pirated copies of video content. Our scheme embeds a locally adaptive, robust, Rate-Distortion (R-D) optimized watermark signal into the transform domain of the macroblock residual. This ensures that watermark signal is embedded in the most robust manner, with least visual distortion. We use a unique perceptual mask which limits the amount of spatial and temporal distortion due to watermark insertion. Therefore, our scheme achieves higher watermarked picture quality compared to existing schemes. Our scheme is designed with a built-in bit-rate controller, which ensures that the watermark bits are distributed in proportion to the visual importance of different regions of the video frame. We adapt our scheme to H.264/AVC, which is the latest video coding standard. Our scheme overcomes the challenges for watermarking of H.264/AVC video, namely high compression efficiency, small residual data, integer transform, R-D coding decisions and video bit-rate control. Experimental results on several standard video sequence show that compared to existing quantization-based watermarking schemes, our proposed scheme is significantly more robust in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) to different types of attacks, including video compression and decompression, transcoding, low-pass filtering, scaling, rotation and collusion.
New approach to search for parity-even and parity-odd time-reversal violation beyond the Standard Model in a storage ring
Creators: name: Nikolaev, N. N.
name: Rathmann, F.
name: Silenko, A. J.
name: Uzikov, Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-reversal breaking and parity-conserving millistrong interactions, suggested in 1965, still remain a viable mechanism of CP-violation beyond the Standard Model. One of its possible manifestations is the T-odd asymmetry in the transmission of tensor-polarized deuterons through a vector-polarized hydrogen gas target. Upon the rotation of the deuteron polarization from the vertical direction into the ring plane, the T-odd asymmetries, odd against the reversal of the proton polarization in the target, will continuously oscillate with first or second harmonics of the spin precession frequency. The Fourier analysis of the oscillating T-odd asymmetries allows for an easy separation from background persistent in conventional experiments employing static vector and tensor polarizations.
description: 4 pages
Angular distribution asymmetry in tau^- --> pi^- pi^0 nu_tau decay in the two-Higgs-doublet model with large tan beta
Creators: name: Gao, Dao-Neng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study possible scalar type interactions in tau^- -->pi^- pi^0 nu_tau decay. One finds that an angular distribution asymmetry, A(s), can be induced from the interference between the scalar part and vector part amplitudes in this decay. Our analysis shows that, in the two-Higgs-doublet model of type II with large tan beta, the charged Higgs contribution could make A(s) up to 10^{-3} without conflict with present experimental constraints. Thus in the future precise experiments in tau-charm factories, this angular distribution asymmetry may be an interesting observable either to be helpful in searching for the signal of the charged Higgs boson or to impose the significant bound on it.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, minor changes and references added. To appear in Phys. Rev. D (Rapid Communication)
The Additional Line Component within the Iron KαProfile in MCG-6-30-15: Evidence for Blob Ejection?
Creators: name: Wang, Jian-Min
name: Qu, Jin-Lu
name: Xue, Sui-Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The EPIC data of MCG -6-30-15 observed by XMM-Newton were analyzed for the complexities of the iron K-alpha line. Here we report that the additional line component (ALC) at 6.9 keV undoubtedly appears within the broad iron Kalpha; line profile at the high state, whereas it disappears at the low state. These state-dependent behaviors exclude several possible origins and suggest an origin of the ALC in matter being ejected from the vicinity of the black hole. At the low state, the newborn blob ejected from the accretion disk is so Thomson-thick that hard X-rays are blocked from ionizing the old blobs, leading to the disappearance of the ALC. When the blob becomes Thomson-thin as a result of expansion, the hard X-ray will penetrate it and ionize the old ones, emitting the ALC at the high state. The blob ejection is the key to switching the ALC on or off.
description: 6 pages, 4 Figures
Nucleons pair shell model in M-scheme
Creators: name: He, BingCheng
name: Zhang, Yu
name: Li, Lei
name: Luo, YanAn
name: Pan, Feng
name: Draayer, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nucleon pair shell model (NPSM) is casted into the so-called M-scheme for the cases with isospin symmetry and without isospin symmetry. The odd system and even system are treated on the same foot. The uncoupled commutators for nucleon-pairs, which are suitable for M-scheme, are given. Explicit formula of matrix elements in M-scheme for overlap, one-body operators, two-body operators are obtained. It is found that the $cpu$ time used in calculating the matrix elements in M-scheme is much shorter than that in the J-scheme of NPSM.
description: 38 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 6 of Systematic assessment of tissue dissociation and storage biases in single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-seq workflows
Creators: name: Denisenko, Elena
name: Guo, Belinda B.
name: Jones, Matthew
name: Hou, Rui
name: Kock, Leanne De
name: Lassmann, Timo
name: Poppe, Daniel
name: Clément, Olivier
name: Simmons, Rebecca K.
name: Lister, Ryan
name: Forrest, Alistair R. R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6. Supplementary Notes.
Virial Theorem and Universality in a Unitary Fermi Gas
Creators: name: Thomas, J. E.
name: Kinast, J.
name: Turlapov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unitary Fermi gases, where the scattering length is large compared to the interparticle spacing, can have universal properties, which are independent of the details of the interparticle interactions when the range of the scattering potential is negligible. We prepare an optically-trapped, unitary Fermi gas of $^6$Li, tuned just above the center of a broad Feshbach resonance. In agreement with the universal hypothesis, we observe that this strongly-interacting many-body system obeys the virial theorem for an ideal gas over a wide range of temperatures. Based on this result, we suggest a simple volume thermometry method for unitary gases. We also show that the observed breathing mode frequency, which is close to the unitary hydrodynamic value over a wide range of temperature, is consistent with a universal hydrodynamic gas with nearly isentropic dynamics.
description: 5 pages and 2 figures
Commercialisation of Agriculture in Kenya: Case Study of Policy Bias and Food Purchases by Farm Households
Creators: name: Kiriti, Tabitha
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Kiriti, Tabitha
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: commercialisation
subject: non-food cash crops
subject: food cash crops
subject: food availability
subject: and non-cash food crops.

description: This study considers the effect of cash cropping on food availability and investigates the determinants of household food expenditure as a proportion of gross income relying on a sample of rural households in the Nyeri district of Kenya. Results from an application of a Tobit model suggest that household food purchases and food availability may suffer as a consequence of increasing cash cropping in Kenya. Husbands favour commercial crops and, it seems, favour non-food purchases. Married women living with their husbands use proportionately less of their gross income to purchase food compared to unmarried women and to those women not living with their husbands. Male bias in food purchased is present, and is exacerbated when payment for cash crops is lumpy. Lumpy cash payments tend to reduce proportionate food purchases by households. We also find that remittances and family size are positively associated with food purchases as a proportion of gross income. Because of household food availability issues, there is a case in many developing countries for reducing policy emphasis on expansion of production of non-food cash crops and a case for greater encouragement of subsistence food production. Increased commercialisation of agriculture can result in reduced availability of food to women and children.
The Relationship between Commercial Agriculture and Food Availability to Kenyan Farm Families: A Case Study
Creators: name: Kiriti, Tabitha
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Kiriti, Tabitha
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: cash cropping
subject: family size
subject: female-headed households
subject: male-headed households
subject: and per capita food availability

description: This article examines the effects of agricultural commercialization and other factors on per capita food availability by means of a case study in the Nyeri district in Kenya. It was found that cash cropping has a negative influence on per capita food availability in the male-headed households. This negative influence is not apparent in the female-headed households and in fact, per capita food availability rises with increased agricultural commercialization. Households of married women seem to suffer more in terms of reduced food availability than households headed by females. Husbands have control over cash income and therefore influence food purchases. They are less likely than females to use the cash for food purchases and tend to spend the cash on themselves, thus reducing food availability to family members. This suggests that in some patriarchal societies, caution should be displayed in encouraging cash cropping especially in male-headed households. Cash cropping under such circumstances is unwise from both a food availability and food security point of view because it can result in reduced crop diversification hence increasing the risks of income food deficits for families. Other factors found to have an influence on per capita food availability are employment of the women outside households, educational level of the women and the quality of land.
Slim Disks with Transition Regions and Applications to Microquasars and Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies
Creators: name: Chen, Lin-Hong
name: Wang, Jian-Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Slim disks have been received much attention because of the increasing evidence for the super-critical accreting objects. In this paper, we make an attempt to construct a unified model, in which the viscosity and the dimensionless accretion rate can span rather wide ranges. We replace blackbody radiation under diffusion approximation with a bridged formula, which accounts for both blackbody radiation and thermal bremsstrahlung in optically-thick and -thin cases, respectively. Thus this allows us to investigate the structures of and the emergent spectra from slim disks in a wider parameter space, covering transition regions from optically thick to optically thin. We show that there is a maximum transition radius, roughly $R_{\rm tr, max}/R_g\sim 50$ when $\dot{M}/\dot{M}_{\rm C}\sim 15$. The emergent spectra from the unified model of the accretion disk have been calculated. A simple model of hot corona above the slim disk is taken into account for the hard X-ray spectrum in this paper based on Wang & Netzer (2003). We have applied the present model to the microquasar GRS 1915+105, narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxies RE J1034+396 and Akn 564. Our model can explain well the broadband X-ray spectra of narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxies, microquasars and possible ultra-luminous compact X-ray sources. The present model can be widely applied to the candidates of super-critical accreting objects.
description: 14 pages, 14 Figures. Accepted by ApJ
A proposal for biological spinor mobiles to control time around biological cells
Creators: name: Sepehri, Alireza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Time
Spinor
loop
Cancer

description: Two anti-parallel spins attract each other. If one of spins in a pair is reversed, two spins go away and are located in very distant from each other. In a circle, two spins go away and try to reach larger distance from each other, however, they will return to initial point. Thus, motions of spins in a circle will be done immediately and there is a probability which each spin sees itself in different time. When a spin moves along a circle, it sees t0+t1, while, when it return to initial point, confronts with itself at t= t0. This may cause to the emergence of a quantum time loop. By using spinor mobiles and their towers, one can control time and spin connections in biological systems. For example, spinor mobiles could produce some quatum holes which break PD1/PD-L1 connections between tumor and T-cells. Then, T-cells could have the opportunity to kill cancer cells.
Numerical calculations of the phase diagram of cubic blue phases in cholesteric liquid crystals
Creators: name: Dupuis, A.
name: Marenduzzo, D.
name: Yeomans, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the static properties of cubic blue phases by numerically minimising the three-dimensional, Landau-de Gennes free energy for a cholesteric liquid crystal close to the isotropic-cholesteric phase transition. Thus we are able to refine the powerful but approximate, semi-analytic frameworks that have been used previously. We obtain the equilibrium phase diagram and discuss it in relation to previous results. We find that the value of the chirality above which blue phases appear is shifted by 20% (towards experimentally more accessible regions) with respect to previous estimates. We also find that the region of stability of the O5 structure -- which has not been observed experimentally -- shrinks, while that of BP I (O8-) increases thus giving the correct order of appearance of blue phases at small chirality. We also study the approach to equilibrium starting from the infinite chirality solutions and we find that in some cases the disclination network has to assemble during the equilibration. In these situations disclinations are formed via the merging of isolated aligned defects.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E
Monolayer and bilayer perfluoropentacene on Cu(111)
Creators: name: Smalley, S.
name: Darancet, P.
name: Guest, J. R.
name: Smerdon, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Perfluoropentacene (PFP), an $n$-type organic semiconductor, is deposited at monolayer and bilayer coverage on Cu(111). Scanning tunneling microscopy at various bias voltages is used to investigate the geometric and electronic structure of the layer. The appearances of the first layer and second layer differ, probably because of perturbation to the first layer electronic structure by the substrate. This has been previously observed for pentacene (Pn), the isostructural $p$-type organic semiconductor. The PFP film has a unit cell of (4 -3,3 4) relative to the substrate, which is larger than that of Pn/Cu(111), representing a half-integer increment in each direction.
Marital Status, Farm Size and other Influences On the Extent of Cash Cropping in Kenya: A Household Case Study
Creators: name: Kiriti, Tabitha
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Kiriti, Tabitha
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: agricultural commercialisation
subject: marital status
subject: non-food cash crops
subject: food cash crops
subject: non-cash food crops.

description: This article examines the effects of marital status, farm size and other factors on the extent of cash cropping (and allocation of land use) by means of a case study in the Nyeri district in Kenya. It was found that married women are involved in the production of a relatively greater amount of output of cash crops than unmarried women since husbands prefer to have more land under cash crops than food crops. Farmers with better quality land allocate a high proportion of it to non-food cash crops, which may expose some households to greater risks of possible famine. The proportion of land allocated to food crops declines as the farm size increases while the proportion of land allocated to non-food cash crops rises as the size of farm increases. Age is also inversely associated with subsistence. Education, though inversely associated with subsistence farming does not appear to be statistically very significant as an influence on the composition of land use and composition of farm output. With growing commercialisation, married women work more hours than unmarried ones, working not only on non-cash food crops but also on non-food cash crops. Married women seem to lose their decision-making ability with growth of agricultural commercialisation, as husbands make most decisions to do with cash crops. Married women in Kenya also have little or no power to change the way land is allocated between food and non-food cash crops.
title: 02_0728
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: LaMOP

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Gender Inequality, Poverty and Human Development in Kenya: Main Indicators, Trends and Limitations
Creators: name: Kiriti, Tabitha
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Kiriti, Tabitha
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: International Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: AIDS
subject: Africa
subject: Kenya
subject: gender
subject: inequality
subject: human development
subject: poverty

description: Indicators of gender inequality, poverty and human development in Kenya are examined. Significant and rising incidence of absolute poverty occurs in Kenya and women are more likely to be in poverty than men. Female/male ratios in Kenyan decision-making institutions are highly skewed against women and they experience unfavourable enrolment ratios in primary, secondary and tertiary institutions. The share of income earned by women is much lower than men's share. General Kenyan indicators highlight declining GDP per capita, increased poverty rates especially for women, reduced life expectancy, a narrowing of the difference in female/male life expectancy rates, increased child mortality rates and an increase in the female child mortality rates. This deterioration results in an increased socio-economic burden on women, not adequately captured in the HPI, HDI, GDI and GEM. This paper advocates the use of household level gender disaggregated data because much gender inequality occurs in and emanates from the household level where culture plays a very important role in allocation of resources and decision-making. Because most human development indicators are aggregates or averages, they can be misleading. They need to be supplemented by distributional and disaggregated data as demonstrated in the Kenyan case. The importance is emphasised of studying coping mechanisms of household/families for dealing with economic hardship and other misfortunes, such AIDS.
Anisotropy of in-plane magnetization due to nodal gap structure in the vortex state
Creators: name: Kusunose, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the interplay between anisotropy of the in-plane magnetization and the nodal gap structure on the basis of the approximate analytic solution in the quasiclassical formalism. We show that a four-fold oscillation appears in the magnetization, and its amplitude changes sign at an intermediate field. The high-field oscillation originates from the anisotropy of the upper critical field, while the low-field behavior can be understood by the thermally activated quasiparticles near nodes depending on the applied field angles. The temperature dependence of the magnetization also shows a similar sign change. The anisotropy of the magnetization offers a possible measurement to identify the gap structure directly for a wide class of type II superconductors.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Ultracold collisions of the lithium monoxide radical
Creators: name: Augustovičová, Lucie D.
name: Bohn, John L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultracold collisions of LiO molecules in the $^{2}Π_{3/2}$ ground state are considered, under the influence of either an external magnetic or electric field. Inelastic collisions are shown to be suppressed in the presence of modest laboratory strength magnetic and electric fields. The rate of elastic collisions that rethermalize the thermal distribution, and the corresponding low rate of heating state-changing collisions, suggest that quantum degeneracy or even molecular Bose-Einstein condensation of LiO gas may be attainable, provided that the initial temperatures in the milliKelvin range are achievable.
Properly embedded and immersed minimal surfaces in the Heisenberg group
Creators: name: Cheng, Jih-Hsin
name: Hwang, Jenn-Fang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35L80; 35J70; 32V20; 53A10; 49Q10

description: We study properly embedded and immersed p(pseudohermitian)-minimal surfaces in the 3-dimensional Heisenberg group. From the recent work of Cheng, Hwang, Malchiodi, and Yang, we learn that such surfaces must be ruled surfaces. There are two types of such surfaces: band type and annulus type according to their topology. We give an explicit expression for these surfaces. Among band types there is a class of properly embedded p-minimal surfaces of so called helicoid type. We classify all the helicoid type p-minimal surfaces. This class of p-minimal surfaces includes all the entire p-minimal graphs (except contact planes) over any plane. Moreover, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for such a p-minimal surface to have no singular points. For general complete immersed p-minimal surfaces, we prove a half space theorem and give a criterion for the properness.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
The influence of chemical composition on the properties of Cepheid stars I - Period-Luminosity relation vs iron abundance
Creators: name: Romaniello, M.
name: Primas, F.
name: Mottini, M.
name: Groenewegen, M.
name: Bono, G.
name: Francois, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have assessed the influence of the stellar iron content on the Cepheid Period-Luminosity (PL) relation by relating the V band residuals from the Freedman et al (2001) PL relation to [Fe/H] for 37 Galactic and Magellanic Clouds Cepheids. The iron abundances were measured from FEROS and UVES high-resolution and high-signal to noise optical spectra. Our data indicate that the stars become fainter as metallicity increases, until a plateau or turnover point is reached at about solar metallicity. Our data are incompatible with both no dependence of the PL relation on iron abundance, and with the linearly decreasing behavior often found in the literature (e.g. Kennicutt et al 1998, Sakai et al 2004). On the other hand, non-linear theoretical models of Fiorentino et al (2002) provide a fairly good description of the data.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for pubblication in Astronomy & Astrophysics Letters (Table 1 will only appear in electronic form). Revised version (23.11.04) to fix typo in Table 1 (the V magnitudes for Galactic stars were wrong)
The multivariate Tutte polynomial (alias Potts model) for graphs and matroids
Creators: name: Sokal, Alan D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 05C99 (Primary), 05B35, 82B20, 94C15 (Secondary)

description: The multivariate Tutte polynomial (known to physicists as the Potts-model partition function) can be defined on an arbitrary finite graph G, or more generally on an arbitrary matroid M, and encodes much important combinatorial information about the graph (indeed, in the matroid case it encodes the full structure of the matroid). It contains as a special case the familiar two-variable Tutte polynomial -- and therefore also its one-variable specializations such as the chromatic polynomial, the flow polynomial and the reliability polynomial -- but is considerably more flexible. I begin by giving an introduction to all these problems, stressing the advantages of working with the multivariate version. I then discuss some questions concerning the complex zeros of the multivariate Tutte polynomial, along with their physical interpretations in statistical mechanics (in connection with the Yang--Lee approach to phase transitions) and electrical circuit theory. Along the way I mention numerous open problems. This survey is intended to be understandable to mathematicians with no prior knowledge of physics.
description: LaTex2e, 54 pages. Invited survey paper, to be presented at the 2005 British Combinatorial Conference
Absorption of Scintillation Light in a 100 $\ell$ Liquid Xenon$γ$ Ray Detector and Expected Detector Performance
Creators: name: Baldini, A.
name: Bemporad, C.
name: Cei, F.
name: Doke, T.
name: Grassi, M.
name: Grebenuk, A. A.
name: Grigoriev, D. N.
name: Haruyama, T.
name: Kasami, K.
name: Kikuchi, J.
name: Maki, A.
name: Mashimo, T.
name: Mihara, S.
name: Mitsuhashi, T.
name: Mori, T.
name: Nicolo`, D.
name: Nishiguchi, H.
name: Ootani, W.
name: Ozone, K.
name: Papa, A.
name: Pazzi, R.
name: Ritt, S.
name: Sawada, R.
name: Sergiampietri, F.
name: Signorelli, G.
name: Suzuki, S.
name: Terasawa, K.
name: Yamashita, M.
name: Yamashita, S.
name: Yoshimura, T.
name: Yuri, Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An 800L liquid xenon scintillation $γ$ ray detector is being developed for the MEG experiment which will search for $μ^+\to\mathrm{e}^+γ$ decay at the Paul Scherrer Institut. Absorption of scintillation light of xenon by impurities might possibly limit the performance of such a detector. We used a 100L prototype with an active volume of 372x372x496 mm$^3$ to study the scintillation light absorption. We have developed a method to evaluate the light absorption, separately from elastic scattering of light, by measuring cosmic rays and $α$ sources. By using a suitable purification technique, an absorption length longer than 100 cm has been achieved. The effects of the light absorption on the energy resolution are estimated by Monte Carlo simulation.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures (eps). Submitted to Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A
A renormalized excitonic method in terms of block excitations. Application to spin lattices
Creators: name: Hajj, Mohamad Al
name: Malrieu, Jean-Paul
name: Guihéry, Nathalie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dividing the lattice into blocks with singlet ground state and knowing the exact low energy spectrum of the blocks and of dimers (or trimers) of blocks, it is possible to approach the lowest part of the lattice spectrum through an excitonic type effective model. The potentialities of the method are illustrated on the 1-D frustrated chain and the 1/5-depleted square and the plaquette 2-D lattices. The method correctly locates the phase transitions between gapped and non-gapped phases.
description: Submitted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Additional file 2 of Systematic assessment of tissue dissociation and storage biases in single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-seq workflows
Creators: name: Denisenko, Elena
name: Guo, Belinda B.
name: Jones, Matthew
name: Hou, Rui
name: Kock, Leanne De
name: Lassmann, Timo
name: Poppe, Daniel
name: Clément, Olivier
name: Simmons, Rebecca K.
name: Lister, Ryan
name: Forrest, Alistair R. R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Figures. Figure S1. Cell annotation procedure. Figure S2. TSNE plots showing freshly profiled cells from cold- and warm-dissociated kidneys. Figure S3. Expression and detection levels of selected marker genes. Figure S4. Cell preservation protocol performance in warm-dissociated samples. Figure S5. Cell type composition of fresh and preserved kidneys. Figure S6. Cell type composition of non-proximal tubule cells in fresh and preserved kidneys. Figure S7. Cell type composition of fresh and cryopreserved cold-dissociated samples in the repeated experiment using Balb/c female mice, 10x v3 chemistry, 2 weeks storage, and 1200 g spin. Figure S8. Comparison of single-cell and single-nucleus libraries in Balb/c male mice. Figure S9. Cell cycle phases inferred in scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq libraries from Balb/c male mice. Figure S10. FANS gating strategy. Figure S11. BSEQ-sc deconvolution of bulk RNA-seq profiles of cold- and warm-dissociated kidney single-cell suspensions. Three biological replicates are shown per condition. Figure S12. Comparison of ambient RNA contamination in methanol-fixed and freshly profiled aliquots of cold-dissociated samples. Figures S13–14. Comparison of nuclei isolation protocols. Figure S15. Comparison of bulk RNA-seq profiles of intact kidneys and cold-dissociated single-cell suspensions. Figure S16. Expression of genes differentially expressed between bulk RNA-seq profiles of intact and dissociated kidneys in the matching single-cell dataset, Balb/c female mice.
Investigating Differences in Crowdsourced News Credibility Assessment: Raters, Tasks, and Expert Criteria
Creators: name: Bhuiyan, Md Momen
name: Zhang, Amy X.
name: Sehat, Connie Moon
name: Mitra, Tanushree
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Misinformation about critical issues such as climate change and vaccine safety is oftentimes amplified on online social and search platforms. The crowdsourcing of content credibility assessment by laypeople has been proposed as one strategy to combat misinformation by attempting to replicate the assessments of experts at scale. In this work, we investigate news credibility assessments by crowds versus experts to understand when and how ratings between them differ. We gather a dataset of over 4,000 credibility assessments taken from 2 crowd groups---journalism students and Upwork workers---as well as 2 expert groups---journalists and scientists---on a varied set of 50 news articles related to climate science, a topic with widespread disconnect between public opinion and expert consensus. Examining the ratings, we find differences in performance due to the makeup of the crowd, such as rater demographics and political leaning, as well as the scope of the tasks that the crowd is assigned to rate, such as the genre of the article and partisanship of the publication. Finally, we find differences between expert assessments due to differing expert criteria that journalism versus science experts use---differences that may contribute to crowd discrepancies, but that also suggest a way to reduce the gap by designing crowd tasks tailored to specific expert criteria. From these findings, we outline future research directions to better design crowd processes that are tailored to specific crowds and types of content.
Additional file 22 of Systematic assessment of tissue dissociation and storage biases in single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-seq workflows
Creators: name: Denisenko, Elena
name: Guo, Belinda B.
name: Jones, Matthew
name: Hou, Rui
name: Kock, Leanne De
name: Lassmann, Timo
name: Poppe, Daniel
name: Clément, Olivier
name: Simmons, Rebecca K.
name: Lister, Ryan
name: Forrest, Alistair R. R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 22. Review history.
Real-time imaging of elastic properties of soft tissue with ultrasound
Creators: name: Zahiri-Azar, Reza
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Current imaging devices such as computed tomography (CT) , ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are not directly capable of measuring the mechanical properties of soft tissue even though such measurement would have a high clinical demand. Elastography with the aid of ultrasound has been well established in the literature as a strain imaging technique. Under certain conditions, these strain images can give a clear illustration of the underlying tissue stiffness distributions which has been shown to provide useful clinical information. Vibro Elastography is another new imaging system that performs a transfer function analysis of the tissue motion. The shape of the transfer function can be analyzed further and the stiffness of tissue can be estimated from the magnitude of the transfer functions at low-frequencies. This thesis introduces a fast and accurate motion tracking algorithm which is at the heart of both strain imaging and stiffness imaging. The algorithm achieves real-time performance (> 20 fps) without any need for additional hardware and its overhead. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated quantitatively according to its signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio, dynamic range, resolution and sensitivity with both simulation data and phantom data. Also, the computational efficiency of the algorithm is compared with current real-time motion tracking algorithms. The results show that it is the most time efficient algorithm to date. Furthermore the performance of the proposed method is evaluated qualitatively from the real-time images that are generated in both tissue mimicking phantoms and real tissues in vivo. By using this method two real-time elastography packages have been implemented which can easily be clinically applied. These implementations run at 35fps for strain images and 2fps for transfer function images of 16,000 pixels on an Ultrasonix RP500 ultrasound machine.
Communicating effectively with farmers
Creators: name: Our Land and Water, AgResearch
Publisher: name: AgResearch
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 3002
subject: Agriculture, land and farm management

description: This kōwae (learning module) will help you learn new approaches to communicating effectively with your clients and the rural community, using social science research from Our Land and Water.Select ME TĪMATA | START to begin.Takes approximately 1 hour (+ 4 – 6 hours of optional readings)Works best on a laptop, tablet, or PCIncludes audioYou can exit this module and return at any timeTIRO WHĀNUI | OVERVIEWNau mai | WelcomeCOMMUNICATION STRATEGIESThe ChallengeDifferent Types of ThinkingHow Change HappensCreating TrustBuilding ConnectionsTOOLS TO SUPPORT CHANGEMaking Water Quality MeaningfulPutting It All TogetherWHAKARĀPOPOTO | WRAP-UPHe Whakarāpopoto | SummaryNgā Tohutoro | References
Note regarding the download file: This is a technical file for installing this learning module on another website. It is a zipped Rise module for an LMS and contains all assets.Technical info: Rise modules, zipped for web or xAPI, or a zipped SCORM or AICC package for an LMS (usually it’s SCORM1.2).
Survey of Scientists and Scholars, 1979
Creators: name: Ladd Lipset Faculty Study Higher Education Studies
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Current professional position (1); influential scientists or scholars (1); academic institutions with the most distinguished professional staffs (1); most respected awards (1); personal research awards (2); quality of works won Nobel Prizes (1); scientists who have contributed to the science (4); process of selecting members for honorary societies (2); recognitions received (1); important scientific contributions (2); advisor or consultant to governmental agencies (4); involvement in public policy (5); role of science in policy formation (2); opinions of colleges and universities (6); graduate education (2); research (1); investment in basic research (1); public and politicians understanding of the sciences (2); scientific community (3); Washington supported scientific community (3); finance and resources for research and learning (3); research funding (3); institutions that are better at doing research (3); research support (8); federal regulation of higher education and scientific research (5); difficulties encountered with federal agencies for funding and proposals (26); merit principle (6); criteria for evaluation of research proposals and acquire funding (8); age differences in scholarly and scientific achievement (4); qualities of successful people in the science field (7); discrimination against women and blacks in the science field(4); plagiarism (4); common scholarly practice (6); collective bargaining and unionization in education (7); opinion on American economy and economic policy (5); inequality (1); economic growth (1); nuclear power plants (3); military spending (1); political ideology (3); confidence in institutions (14);personal life situation (1); United States social vs. political system (1); governmental regulations (7); attitudes of scholars and scientists (7); competition in the science field(6); research approach (9); participation in foreign scientific events (6); U.S. science ranking vs. other countries (3).
AGN feedback and gas mixing in the core of NGC 4636
Creators: name: O'Sullivan, E.
name: Vrtilek, J. M.
name: Kempner, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chandra observations of NGC 4636 show disturbances in the galaxy X-ray halo, including arm-like high surface brightness features (tentatively identified as AGN driven shocks) and a possible cavity on the west side of the galaxy core. We present Chandra and XMM spectral maps of NGC 4636 which confirm the presence of the cavity and show it to be bounded by the arm features. The maps also reveal a ~15 kpc wide plume of low temperature, high abundance gas extending 25-30 kpc to the southwest of the galaxy. The cavity appears to be embedded in this plume, and we interpret the structure as being entrained gas drawn out of the galaxy core during previous episodes of AGN activity. The end of the plume is marked by a well defined edge, with significant falls in surface brightness, temperature and abundance, indicating a boundary between galaxy and group/cluster gas. This may be evidence that as well as preventing gas cooling through direct heating, AGN outbursts can produce significant gas mixing, disturbing the temperature structure of the halo and transporting metals out from the galaxy into the surrounding intra-group medium.
description: 4 Pages, 2 colour figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters. Version with high quality images at http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~ejos/files/N4636_hires.pdf
$Z'$-explorer 2.0: reconnoitering the dark matter landscape
Creators: name: Martin Lozano, Victor
name: Sanda Seoane, Rosa Maria
name: Zurita, Jose
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: coupling: axial-vector
dark matter
ATLAS
string
programming
mediation
benchmark
missing-energy
symmetry: U(1)
interpretation of experiments: CERN LHC Coll
gauge boson
CMS
landscape
Z': model

description: We introduce version 2.0 of $Z'$-explorer, a software tool which provides a simple, fast and user-friendly test of models with an extra $U(1)$ gauge boson ($Z'$) against experimental LHC results. The main novelty of the second version is the inclusion of missing energy searches, as the first version only included final states into SM particles. Hence $Z'$-explorer 2.0 is able to test dark matter models where the $Z'$ acts as an s-channel mediator between the Standard Model and the dark sector, a widespread benchmark employed by the ATLAS and CMS experimental collaborations. To this end, we perform here the first public reinterpretation of the most recent ATLAS mono-jet search with 139 fb$^{-1}$. In addition, the corresponding searches in the visible final states have also been updated. We illustrate the power of our code by re-obtaining public plots, and also showing novel results. In particular, we study the cases where the $Z'$ couples strongly to top quarks (top-philic), where dark matter couples with a mixture of vector and axial-vector couplings, and also perform a scan in the parameter space of a string inspired Stückelberg model. $Z'$-explorer 2.0 is publicly available on GitHub.
Random section and random simplex inequality
Creators: name: Litvak, Alexander E.
name: Zaporozhets, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60D05, (primary) 52A55, 46B06 (secondary)

description: Consider some convex body $K\subset\mathbb R^d$. Let $X_1,\dots, X_k$, where $k\leq d$, be random points independently and uniformly chosen in $K$, and let $ξ_k$ be a uniformly distributed random linear $k$-plane. We show that for $p\geq-d+k+1$, \[ \mathbb E\,|K\capξ_k|^{d+p}\leq c_{d,k,p} \cdot|K|^k\, \,\mathbb E\,|\mathrm{conv}(0,X_1, \dots,X_k)|^p, \] where $|\cdot|$ and $\mathrm{conv}$ denote the volume of correspondent dimension and the convex hull. The constant $c_{d,k,p}$ is such that for $k>1$ the equality holds if and only if $K$ is an ellipsoid centered at the origin, and for $k=1$ the inequality turns to equality. If $p=0$, then the inequality reduces to the Busemann intersection inequality, and if $k=d$ -- to the Busemann random simplex inequality. We also present an affine version of this inequality which similarly generalizes the Schneider inequality and the Blaschke-Grömer inequality.
AS EXPORTAÇOES BRASILEIRAS DA SOJA EM GRÃO PARA A CHINA NO PERIODO DE 1995 A 2005.
Creators: name: Rudell, Daiana Aline
name: Prieb, Rita Pauli
name: Rudell, Daiana Aline
name: Prieb, Rita Pauli
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Soja
subject: Comércio Internacional
subject: China
subject: Soybean
subject: International Commerce

description: O presente artigo tem como finalidade avaliar a competitividade da soja em grão brasileira para a China e verificar sua orientação regional entre 1995 e 2005. Desta forma partiu-se de uma análise acerca da inserção nacional no comércio da Soja enfatizando a especificidade Brasil-China e posteriormente efetuou-se o cálculo do Índice de Vantagens Comparativas Reveladas e o Índice de Orientação Regional. Os resultados da análise demonstraram que o Brasil possui vantagens comparativas reveladas nas exportações de soja em grão para a China no período dos dez anos sendo estes crescentes com exceção os anos de 1999 2001 e 2003. O Índice de Orientação regional demonstrou que as exportações brasileiras de soja em grão estão sendo direcionadas para a China a partir do ano de 1997 mas não de modo crescentes. Assim, pode-se dizer que a análise estabelecida foi corroborada pelos resultados encontrados e conseqüentemente trás uma perspectiva de crescimento do intercâmbio comercial brasileiro com a China. -------------------------------------------The present work aims at evaluating the competitiveness of Brazilian soybean grains to China and to verify its regional orientation between 1995 and 2005. In this way we began a analysis about the national insertion in the soybean commerce emphasizing the peculiarity Brazil-China and afterwards we performed the calculation of the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index and the Regional Orientation Index. The analysis results demonstrated that Brazil has revealed comparative advantages in the exportation of soybean grains to China in the ten years of the considered period and those were increasing except in the years of 1999 2001 and 2003. The Regional orientation Index demonstrated that the Brazilian exportation of soybean grains is being direct to Chine since 1997 but not in an increasing way. Thus we can say that the established analysis was corroborated by the findings and consequently it brings a perspective of an increasing in the Brazilian commercial interchange with China.