cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Whole genome sequencing of Campylobacter in a chicken abattoir to characterize the population dynamics
Creators: name: Tong, Shanwei
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Background: Campylobacter is a leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide and is commonly found in poultry products. Campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported gastrointestinal disease in British Columbia (BC). A high contamination rate of Campylobacter in retail poultry products was previously identified in BC, raising awareness for the control of this foodborne pathogen in the local food production chain. Objective: We hypothesize that the chicken abattoir is a common contamination source for chicken broiler meat. To identify and control the spread of Campylobacter in the abattoir, we carried out environmental sampling inside a local chicken abattoir for 12 weeks (Aug 5th – Sep 9th, Nov 2nd – Dec 7th). Samples were collected in a daily basis. Results: We harvested 324 Campylobacter isolates (268 C. jejuni and 56 C. coli). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) revealed a diverse and fast-shifting Campylobacter population in the abattoir environment throughout the 12 weeks. Certain lineages recur at different time points. Some of the reappearances are likely the result of multiple colonization events, rather than the result of Campylobacter persistence, which was previously thought. In particular, one ST1629 lineage of C. coli was identified five times in this study, ranging from August to December. In addition, point mutations and horizontal gene transfer were commonly identified among isolates of the same lineage. In some lineages, horizontal gene transfer separated highly similar genomes into subpopulations. Conclusions: Contradicting previous studies using traditional genotyping methods, this study found Campylobacter unlikely to persist over 7 days in the abattoir environment, likely reflecting an effective sterilization measure in the abattoir. Benefitting from the high sensitivity of WGS, this study found in numerous occasions that sequence types cannot represent a single lineage. The reappearing lineages suggest the existence of Campylobacter circulation in the BC poultry production chain, which marks the importance of pathogen tracing studies in the broiler farms to further determine its source.
Double Resonance Nanolaser based on Coupled Slit-hole Resonator Structures
Creators: name: Zhu, Z. H.
name: Liu, H.
name: Wang, S. M.
name: Ye, W. M.
name: Yuan, X. D.
name: Zhu, S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work investigates a kind of metallic magnetic cavity based on slit-hole resonators (SHRs). Two orthogonal hybrid magnetic resonance modes of the cavity with a large spatial overlap are predesigned at the wavelengths of 980 nm and 1550 nm. The Yb-Er co-doped material serving as a gain medium is set in the cavity; this enables the resonator to have high optical activity. The numerical result shows that the strong lasing at 1550 nm may be achieved when the cavity array is pumped at 980 nm. This double resonance nanolaser array has potential applications in future optical devices and quantum information techniques.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, http://www.dsl.nju.edu/mpp
Additional file 2 of Factors related to autonomy among Lebanese women: a web-based cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Bou Malhab, Sandrella
name: Sacre, Hala
name: Malaeb, Diana
name: Lahoud, Nathalie
name: Khachman, Dalia
name: Azzi, Joelle
name: Haddad, Chadia
name: Salameh, Pascale
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Woman Autonomy Index questionnaire.
Downstream Alteration of Copyrighted Works in a World of Licensed, Digital Distribution
Creators: name: Chan, Grace K.
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2013

description: The prospect of downstream alteration raises questions about the appropriate scope of licensing terms, the objectives of copyright law and even the meaning of art. It provides an impetus to tackle these questions by concretizing what was once but a thought experiment. Part I introduces the notion of copy ownership and contrasts it with the increasingly popular method of licensing copyrighted works. Part II argues that downstream alteration of a copyrighted work through the use of software-like updates impermissibly expands authorial control. Finally, Part III briefly outlines several ways in which licensing terms that purport to allow the copyright holder to make downstream changes to a copyrighted work can be limited.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 36 No. 2 (2013)
Baseline-dependent neutrino oscillations with extra-dimensional shortcuts
Creators: name: Hollenberg, Sebastian
name: Micu, Octavian
name: Päs, Heinrich
name: Weiler, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In extra-dimensional scenarios oscillations between active and sterile neutrinos can be governed by a new resonance in the oscillation amplitude. This resonance results when cancelation occurs between two phase differences, the usual kinematic one coming from the neutrino mass-squared difference, and a geometric one coming from the difference in travel times of the sterile neutrino through the bulk relative to the active neutrino confined to the brane. In this work we introduce a specific metric for the brane-bulk system, from which we explicitly derive extra-dimensional geodesics for the sterile neutrino, and ultimately the oscillation probability of the active-sterile two-state system. We find that for an asymmetrically-warped metric, the resonance condition involves both the neutrino energy E and the travel distance L on the brane. In other words, the resonant energy may be viewed as baseline-dependent. We show that to a good approximation, the resonance condition is not on E or on L, but rather on the product LE. The model is rich in implications, including the possibility of multiple solutions to the resonance condition, with ramifications for existing data sets, e.g., LSND and MiniBooNE. Some phenomenology with these brane-bulk resonances is discussed.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 2 of Predictive modeling for 14-day unplanned hospital readmission risk by using machine learning algorithms
Creators: name: Lo, Yu-Tai
name: Liao, Jay Chie-hen
name: Chen, Mei-Hua
name: Chang, Chia-Ming
name: Li, Cheng-Te
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2. The Variance Inflation Factor Values of 27 Features Included in the Final Logistic Regression Model.
Deterministic reaction models with power-law forces
Creators: name: ben-Avraham, Daniel
name: Gromenko, Oleksandr
name: Politi, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a one-dimensional particles system, in the overdamped limit, where nearest particles attract with a force inversely proportional to a power of their distance and coalesce upon encounter. The detailed shape of the distribution function for the gap between neighbouring particles serves to discriminate between different laws of attraction. We develop an exact Fokker-Planck approach for the infinite hierarchy of distribution functions for multiple adjacent gaps and solve it exactly, at the mean-field level, where correlations are ignored. The crucial role of correlations and their effect on the gap distribution function is explored both numerically and analytically. Finally, we analyse a random input of particles, which results in a stationary state where the effect of correlations is largely diminished.
Chiral effective field theory calculations of neutrino processes in dense matter
Creators: name: Bacca, S.
name: Hally, K.
name: Pethick, C. J.
name: Schwenk, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate neutrino processes involving two nucleons at subnuclear densities using chiral effective field theory. Shorter-range noncentral forces reduce the neutrino rates significantly compared with the one-pion exchange approximation currently used in supernova simulations. For densities rho < 10^{14} g cm^{-3}, we find that neutrino rates are well constrained by nuclear interactions and nucleon-nucleon scattering data. As an application, we calculate the mean-square energy transfer in scattering of a neutrino from nucleons and find that collision processes and spin-dependent mean-field effects dominate over the energy transfer due to nucleon recoil.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; NORDITA-2008-57; minor changes and additions, added results for the energy transfer in neutrino scattering, to appear as Rapid. Comm. in Phys. Rev. C
Additional file 4 of The effectiveness of a “EspaiJove.net”- a school-based intervention programme in increasing mental health knowledge, help seeking and reducing stigma attitudes in the adolescent population: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Casañas, Rocío
name: Castellvi, Pere
name: Gil, Juan-José
name: Torres-Torres, María
name: Barón, Jesica
name: Teixidó, Mercè
name: Sampietro, Hernán María
name: Díez, Marta
name: Fernández, Raúl
name: Sorli, Raquel
name: Siñol, Patricia
name: Jurado, Francisca
name: Carreras-Salvador, Regina
name: Vazquez, Davinia
name: Gonzalez, Sandra
name: Martín, Maria Isabel Fernandez-San
name: Raya-Tena, Antonia
name: Alvarez, Rosa
name: Amado-Rodriguez, Isaac
name: López, Luis Miguel Martín-
name: Alonso, Jordi
name: Lalucat-Jo, Lluís
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4: Supplementary material 4. Complete models with imputed data.
Prediction of spatio-temporal patterns of neural activity from pairwise correlations
Creators: name: Marre, Olivier
name: Boustani, Sami El
name: Fregnac, Yves
name: Destexhe, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We designed a model-based analysis to predict the occurrence of population patterns in distributed spiking activity. Using a maximum entropy principle with a Markovian assumption, we obtain a model that accounts for both spatial and temporal pairwise correlations among neurons. This model is tested on data generated with a Glauber spin-glass system and is shown to correctly predict the occurrence probabilities of spatio-temporal patterns significantly better than Ising models taking into account only pairwise correlations. This increase of predictability was also observed on experimental data recorded in parietal cortex during slow-wave sleep. This approach can also be used to generate surrogates that reproduce the spatial and temporal correlations of a given data set.
description: Physical Preview Letters (in press, 2009)
Additional file 1 of Factors related to autonomy among Lebanese women: a web-based cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Bou Malhab, Sandrella
name: Sacre, Hala
name: Malaeb, Diana
name: Lahoud, Nathalie
name: Khachman, Dalia
name: Azzi, Joelle
name: Haddad, Chadia
name: Salameh, Pascale
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. STROBE Statement checklist.
$π^0$ to two-photon decay in lattice QCD
Creators: name: Shintani, E.
name: Aoki, S.
name: Hashimoto, S.
name: Onogi, T.
name: Yamada, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the neutral pion ($π^0$) to off-shell two photon ($γ^*γ^*$) transition form factor in lattice QCD. The transition form factor can be extracted from the three-point function of the form (axial-vector)-(vector)-(vector) as a function of off-shell two-photon momentum. Since the axial-anomaly plays an important role in the $π^0\toγγ$ decay process, we employ the overlap fermion, which preserves the exact chiral symmetery on the lattice. After extrapolating to the chiral and the vanishing photon momentum limit with a fit function based on vector meson dominance (VMD) model, we find that the Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly is correctly reproduced.
description: 7 pages. Talk presented at The XXVII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 26-31 2009, Peking University, Beijing, China
Museum Strategies: Leasing Antiquities
Creators: name: Beltrametti, Silvia
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2013

description: This is the first attempt to study leasing in the context of the international trade in cultural artifacts. This Article advances a heated debate in the field of cultural heritage law, which centers on whether cultural artifacts of ancient civilizations should belong to the modern nation states from which they are excavated or to humankind in general, by proposing an alternative analytic framework based on leasing. This framework would make it possible for objects to circulate but at the same time stay under the ownership and jurisdiction of their respective source countries.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 36 No. 2 (2013)
Appendix 2: from The biogeography of community assembly: latitude and predation drive variation in community trait distribution in a guild of epifaunal crustaceans
Creators: name: Gross, Collin P.
name: Duffy, J. Emmett
name: Hovel, Kevin A.
name: Kardish, Melissa R.
name: Reynolds, Pamela L.
name: Boström, Christoffer
name: Boyer, Katharyn E.
name: Cusson, Mathieu
name: Eklöf, Johan
name: Engelen, Aschwin H.
name: Eriksson, Britas Klemens
name: Fodrie, F. Joel
name: Griffin, John N.
name: Hereu, Clara M.
name: Hori, Masakazu
name: Hughes, A. Randall
name: Ivanov, Mikhail V.
name: Jorgensen, Pablo
name: Kruschel, Claudia
name: Lee, Kun-Seop
name: Lefcheck, Jonathan
name: McGlathery, Karen
name: Moksnes, Per-Olav
name: Nakaoka, Masahiro
name: O'Connor, Mary I.
name: O'Connor, Nessa E.
name: Olsen, Jeanine L.
name: Orth, Robert J.
name: Peterson, Bradley J.
name: Reiss, Henning
name: Rossi, Francesca
name: Ruesink, Jennifer
name: Sotka, Erik E.
name: Thormar, Jonas
name: Tomas, Fiona
name: Unsworth, Richard
name: Voigt, Erin P.
name: Whalen, Matthew A.
name: Ziegler, Shelby L.
name: Stachowicz, John J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Methods and Results â€“ post-hoc modeling of individual trait dispersion (SES) against environmental predictors.
Synthesis of InP nanoneedles and their use as Schottky devices
Creators: name: Strupeit, Tim
name: Klinke, Christian
name: Kornowski, Andreas
name: Weller, Horst
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Indium phosphide (InP) nanostructures have been synthesized by means of colloidal chemistry. Under appropriate conditions needle-shaped nanostructures composed of an In head and an InP tail with lengths up to several micrometers could be generated in a one-pot synthesis. The growth is interpreted in terms of simultaneous decomposition of the In precursor and in situ generation of In and InP nanostructures. Owing to their specific design such In/InP nanoneedles suit the use as ready-made Schottky transistors. Their transfer and output characteristics are presented.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
შუა საუკუნეების საქართველოს ისტორიისა და წყაროთმცოდნეობის განყოფილების ყოველწლიური კონფერენცია.პროგრამა და მოხსენებათა შინაარსები
Creators: name: Kadagishvili, Sopio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 430310
subject: Global and world history

description: ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის ისტორიისა და ეთნოლოგიის ინსტიტუტი
Additional file 1 of Predictive modeling for 14-day unplanned hospital readmission risk by using machine learning algorithms
Creators: name: Lo, Yu-Tai
name: Liao, Jay Chie-hen
name: Chen, Mei-Hua
name: Chang, Chia-Ming
name: Li, Cheng-Te
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Numbers and proportions of missing values in study variables.
Quantum Conditions on Dynamics and Control in Open Systems
Creators: name: Wu, Lian-Ao
name: Bharioke, Arjun
name: Brumer, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum conditions on the control of dynamics of a system coupled to an environment are obtained. Specifically, consider a system initially in a system subspace $H_{0}$ of dimensionality $M_{0}$, which evolves to populate system subspaces $H_{1}$, $H_{2}$ of dimensionality $M_{1}$, $M_{2}$. Then there always exists an initial state in $H_0$ that does not evolve into $H_2$ if $M_{0}>dM_{2},$ where $2 \leq d \leq (M_0 +M_1 +M_2)^2$ is the number of operators in the Kraus representation. Note, significantly, that the maximum $d$ can be far smaller than the dimension of the bath. If this condition is not satisfied then dynamics from $H_{0}$ that avoids $H_{2}$ can only be attained physically under stringent conditions. An example from molecular dynamics and spectroscopy, i.e. donor to acceptor energy transfer, is provided.
description: 4 pages, no figure
Fair Trade Copyright
Creators: name: Helman, Lital
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2013

description: Digital media has challenged copyright law in the past decades. The ease with which digital files can be copied and disseminated has amplified copyright infringement and jeopardized the profitability of copyright-based industries around the globe. In this article I propose a solution: to complement the copyright system with a Fair Trade Copyright system. The Fair Trade Copyright system, which would apply optimally in the realm of the music industry, would encourage users to donate to recording artists on digital platforms and distribute the donations to artists. The implementation of my proposal will yield several improvements over the current system. First, it would enlarge the pie of revenues that flow into the music industry. Second, it would compensate recording artists, who are under-protected in the current regime, and augment their incentives to create. Third, this model would monetize illegal music consumption, and would achieve this at a relatively low cost and without harming law-enforcement efforts. Fourth, and finally, the model would potentially change the power balance within the music industry in favor of artists instead of intermediaries.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 36 No. 2 (2013)
Myelin water, magnetization transfer, and inhomogeneous magnetization transfer imaging orientation dependence : observations and thoughts
Creators: name: Joseph, Tigris
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Previous work has suggested that advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for quantifying myelin may be dependent on the orientation of the myelin sheath relative to the external magnetic field. The extent these MRI metrics are dependent on orientation affects comparisons between regions in the brain oriented differently to the main magnetic field, longitudinal studies examining tissue that might be variably positioned within the MRI scanner, and comparisons between healthy and disease tissue as inflammation may disperse axons. In this study, 6 donated human spinal cord tissue samples were scanned using a 9.4T Bruker pre-clinical MRI. Data was collected using myelin water imaging (MWI), magnetization transfer (MT), and inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT, both cosine modulated and T1d filtered) experiments at 9-10 different angles relative to the main magnetic field. Four myelin metrics were extracted from the different scans (myelin water fraction (MWF), MT ratio (MTR), cosine modulated ihMT ratio (ihMTRcos), T1d filtered ihMT ratio (ihMTRT1d)) in all white matter (WM) and 5 WM regions of interest (ROIs). Reproducibility was assessed using coefficients of variation (COVs) for 5 angles that were rescanned after repositioning 3 of the spinal cord samples. Myelin metrics in all WM and specific WM ROIs were plotted against spinal cord angle, and plots were visually assessed. Overall MWF and ihMTRT1d had the largest COVs in all WM and individual WM ROIs, followed by ihMTRcos, and then MTR. The large COVs in ihMTRT1d may be due to a grainy artifact seen in some of the metric maps. MWF had the largest variation with angle, followed by ihMTRT1d, then ihMTRcos, and MTR with the least variation. MTR had similar patterns in the variation with angle between WM ROIs and within most participants suggesting that it is orientation dependent. The pattern of variation of the other 3 myelin metrics with angle appeared to vary between participants, suggesting that some of the orientation dependence may be due to issues with data collection and/or inter-individual differences. Future work should optimize scan protocols at oblique angles to study orientation dependence and create a correction model for orientation dependence of myelin MRI metrics.
Supplemental tables and figures from The biogeography of community assembly: latitude and predation drive variation in community trait distribution in a guild of epifaunal crustaceans
Creators: name: Gross, Collin P.
name: Duffy, J. Emmett
name: Hovel, Kevin A.
name: Kardish, Melissa R.
name: Reynolds, Pamela L.
name: Boström, Christoffer
name: Boyer, Katharyn E.
name: Cusson, Mathieu
name: Eklöf, Johan
name: Engelen, Aschwin H.
name: Eriksson, Britas Klemens
name: Fodrie, F. Joel
name: Griffin, John N.
name: Hereu, Clara M.
name: Hori, Masakazu
name: Hughes, A. Randall
name: Ivanov, Mikhail V.
name: Jorgensen, Pablo
name: Kruschel, Claudia
name: Lee, Kun-Seop
name: Lefcheck, Jonathan
name: McGlathery, Karen
name: Moksnes, Per-Olav
name: Nakaoka, Masahiro
name: O'Connor, Mary I.
name: O'Connor, Nessa E.
name: Olsen, Jeanine L.
name: Orth, Robert J.
name: Peterson, Bradley J.
name: Reiss, Henning
name: Rossi, Francesca
name: Ruesink, Jennifer
name: Sotka, Erik E.
name: Thormar, Jonas
name: Tomas, Fiona
name: Unsworth, Richard
name: Voigt, Erin P.
name: Whalen, Matthew A.
name: Ziegler, Shelby L.
name: Stachowicz, John J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Table S1–Table S3; Figure S1–S8
Search for Lepton Flavor Violating tau- Decays into \ell-K0s and \ell-K0sK0s
Creators: name: Miyazaki, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have searched for the lepton-flavor-violating decays tau- -> ell-K0s and ell-K0sK0s (ell = e or mu), using a data sample of 671 fb^-1 collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^+e^- collider. No evidence for a signal was found in any of the decay modes, and we set the following upper limits for the branching fractions: B(tau^- -> e^-K0s) < 2.6 x 10^-8, B(tau^- -> μ^-K0s) < 2.3 x 10^-8, B(tau^- -> e^-K0sK0s) < 7.1 x 10^-8 and B(tau^- -> mu^-K0sK0s) < 8.0 x 10^-8 at the 90% confidence level.
description: 12pages, 4 fugures
Photographic Reproductions, Copyright and the Slavish Copy
Creators: name: Cogan, Terry S.
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2013

description: Despite years of training and experience, the professional museum photographer receives little respect from copyright law. His carefully crafted photographic reproductions of artwork are deemed unoriginal slavish copies, while he is styled a mere technician who fails to infuse those images with even a minimal degree of creativity. Vacationers’ amateur snapshots taken with point-and-shoot cameras are considered original works, while the images of the professional museum photographer are deemed undeserving of copyright protection. Commentators have applauded or condemned this conclusion based largely on policy considerations related to museums and the public domain. This is the first article to bring the tools of art and visual theory to bear on the question of whether the law’s refusal to extend copyright protection to photographic reproductions is conceptually sound. This Article argues that the law’s failure to protect such photographs is a profound mistake, having little to do either with the inherent creativity of such images or with any lack of talent in museum photographers. Rather, as a result of ingrained cultural habits, ordinary viewers (including judges, juries and legal commentators) tend to look through a photographic reproduction as though it were transparent and see only the artwork depicted in the photograph. In so doing, they attribute all creativity to the painter of the artwork-and ignore entirely the uniquely photographic attributes of the image they are actually looking at, as well as the creative input of the photographer responsible for that image.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 35 No. 4 (2012)
title: Americans and CEO Pay: 2016 Public Perception Survey on CEO Compensation
Creators: name: Larcker, David F.
name: Donatiello, Nicholas E.
name: Tayan, Brian
Publisher: name: Corporate Governance Research Initiative
Year: 2016

description: Recently, the Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford University conducted a nationwide survey of 1,202 individuals — representative by gender, race, age, political affiliation, household income, and state residence — to understand public perception of CEO pay levels among the 500 largest publicly traded corporations. Key takeaways are: CEOs are vastly overpaid, according to most Americans. Most support drastic reductions. The public is divided on government intervention. 74 percent of Americans believe that CEOs are not paid the correct amount relative to the average worker. Only 16 percent believe that they are. While responses vary across demographic groups (e.g., political affiliation and household income), overall sentiment regarding CEO pay remains highly negative.
The Final Curtain Call: Administrative Challenges in the United States O-Visa Process for Foreign Artists and Performers
Creators: name: Crespo, Marissa
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2013

description: In 2007, the media and entertainment field amounted to a $930 billion industry. The film industry brought in $10.2 billion, and the video game industry brought in $7.4 billion in U.S. revenues. The advent of the Internet and other technological developments has created new platforms for, and transformed the meaning of, entertainment for a more globalized audience. No longer are American or foreign audiences confined to entertainment in their respective countries. Global audiences continue to broaden their international tastes, creating a culturally diverse demand and market for more international performers. From music to advertising, individuals focus on secular appeal. As the demand increases for global appeal in the entertainment arena, so too has the demand for foreign artists. Foreign-born artists like Rihanna, Jude Law and Yo-Yo Ma are from diverse countries and entertainment genres; yet they have one thing in common: they all need O-visas to enter into and perform in the United States. In 2010 alone, 63,984 foreign artists and personnel entered the U.S. on an O-visa. With the passage of the Immigration Act of 1990, Congress created the O- and P- visa categories for entertainers and artists. Congress viewed these visa categories as exceptional ones for extraordinary artists in their respective fields. Whether the United States grants an O-visa depends heavily on subjective standards and input from several different U.S. institutions: law firms, artist labor unions, the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and the Department of State (which includes consulates and embassies). The inconsistent standards implemented by each of these institutions pose administrative issues in the application process. These problems have a chilling effect on bringing talented individuals into the United States. Examining the subjective standards delineated throughout the application process reveals that the labor unions and bureaucratic requirements ultimately create barriers that prevent talented, international artists from entering the United States. This has heavy ramifications on the United States’ intercultural, global presence. Modifying the visa petition process to create a more uniform procedure will ultimately enhance the arts domestically and will reposition American public diplomacy and interests around the globe.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 36 No. 1 (2013)
Optical Vectorial Vortex Coronagraphs using Liquid Crystal Polymers: theory, manufacturing and laboratory demonstration
Creators: name: Mawet, D.
name: Serabyn, E.
name: Liewer, K.
name: Hanot, Ch.
name: McEldowney, S.
name: Shemo, D.
name: O'Brien, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, after briefly reviewing the theory of vectorial vortices, we describe our technological approach to generating the necessary phase helix, and report results obtained with the first optical vectorial vortex coronagraph (OVVC) in the laboratory. To implement the geometrical phase ramp, we make use of Liquid Crystal Polymers (LCP), which we believe to be the most efficient technological path to quickly synthesize optical vectorial vortices of virtually any topological charge. With the first prototype device of topological charge 2, a maximum peak-to-peak attenuation of 1.4e-2 and a residual light level of 3e-5 at an angular separation of 3.5 l/d (at which point our current noise floor is reached) have been obtained at a wavelength of 1.55 microns. These results demonstrate the validity of using space-variant birefringence distributions to generate a new family of coronagraphs usable in natural unpolarized light, opening a path to high performance coronagraphs that are achromatic and have low-sensitivity to low-order wavefront aberrations.
Additional file 2 of Long-term predictors of severe exacerbations and mortality in a cohort of well-characterised adults with asthma
Creators: name: Tupper, Oliver Djurhuus
name: Ulrik, Charlotte Suppli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Table S3. Comparison of baseline characteristics of the TRAIL cohort, between those still alive and those who died of all causes. Table S4. Predictors of all-cause mortality, findings from bivariate and multivariable cox proportional hazards model shown as hazard ratio (95% CI).
You Can’t Go Home Again: The Righthaven Cases and Copyright Trolling on the Internet
Creators: name: Polonsky, Ian
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2013

description: Part I of this Note traces the ideological origins of Righthaven from trolling practices in a sister area of intellectual property law, patent law, to analogous practices in copyright. Part II examines the particular forms of trolling that Righthaven employed to protect newspaper article and the court system’s reaction to the company’s practices. Part III argues that the Righthaven decisions may have won the battle against one copyright trolling campaign but leave unresolved important issues of jurisdiction, the scope of fair use exemptions to copyright law on the Internet and the future of the newspaper industry in an increasingly competitive digital marketplace. The Righthaven cases might have brought some much needed clarity to a host of important legal and policy questions, but the courts’ swift and punitive rebuke of a particularly abusive troll amounted to a missed opportunity for development of the law. Ultimately, the failure of the judiciary to provide much needed guidance is two-fold: copyright holders and potential infringers are left with little guidance as to what forms of use of copyrighted material on the Internet are appropriate, and the rationale behind maintaining certain copyright enforcement regimes and decrying others is left to critical rather than judicial interpretation.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 36 No. 1 (2013)
Additional file 1 of Long-term predictors of severe exacerbations and mortality in a cohort of well-characterised adults with asthma
Creators: name: Tupper, Oliver Djurhuus
name: Ulrik, Charlotte Suppli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Comparison of baseline characteristics of the TRAIL cohort, stratified by annualised exacerbation rate. Table S2. Number of deaths by all causes in the TRAIL cohort and the Danish general population, stratified by age at time of death and year of death
The Sidis Case and the Origins of Modern Privacy Law
Creators: name: Barbas, Samantha
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2013

description: The American press, it has been said, is freer to invade personal privacy than perhaps any other in the world. The tort law of privacy, as a shield against unwanted media exposure, is very weak. The media in the U.S. have a degree of latitude to report on intimate matters, without the threat of legal liability, that would be unimaginable in many other countries. In England, model Naomi Campbell won damages against a magazine when it published the details of her treatment for drug addiction. Princess Caroline of Monaco obtained a judgment from the European Court of Human Rights preventing the German press from publishing paparazzi photos of her. In the U.S., by contrast, public figures have been held to have almost no legal right to privacy. Courts have considered almost anything that takes place in a public place, or that could be said to shed light on an issue of public curiosity or significance, to be exempt from liability for invasion of privacy. The personal details and photographs of a rape victim, images of the extrication of a woman from a crashed car and a photograph of a soccer player with his genitalia exposed are among the intimacies that have been held to be newsworthy “matters of public interest” and thus nonactionable under privacy law. The failure of American law to protect personal life from unwanted publicity has been poorly explained. The standard reason given for the weakness of American privacy law as a bar on the publication of private information is the strong tradition of First Amendment freedom. But freedom of the press alone cannot explain why the right to publish has been interpreted as a right to print truly intimate matters or the right to thrust people into the spotlight against their will. Especially during a time of heightened concerns with privacy and Internet overexposure, we need a better explanation as to why the law has struck the balance between media exposure and privacy in the way that it has. One answer, this Article argues, can be found in the case of William James Sidis.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 36 No. 1 (2013)
Long and short paths in uniform random recursive dags
Creators: name: Devroye, Luc
name: Janson, Svante
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60C05, 60F99, 68R01

description: In a uniform random recursive k-dag, there is a root, 0, and each node in turn, from 1 to n, chooses k uniform random parents from among the nodes of smaller index. If S_n is the shortest path distance from node n to the root, then we determine the constant σsuch that S_n/log(n) tends to σin probability as n tends to infinity. We also show that max_{1 \le i \le n} S_i/log(n) tends to σin probability.
description: 16 pages
Kabile
Creators: name: Şentürk, Recep
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2001
Subjects: Kabile
Batı Sömürgeciliği
İslam Dini
Türk Tarihi
Cahiliye Dönemi

description: Türk tarihinin birçok yönü kabile kimlikleri arasındaki çatışmalar göz önüne alınmadan anlaşılamaz. Türkler'in genellikle dünyanın birçok yerindeki diğer kabileler gibi ne İslam'dan önceki ne de İslam'dan sonraki tarihinde kabile yapısının tam olarak nasıl işlediği hala bilinmemektedir. Türk toplumunun İslam öncesi dönemdeki kabile yapısı İslam'a girmekle ortadan kalkmamış. ancak dini kimlik en azından teorik düzeyde önem kazanmıştır. Sadece çeşitli Türk boylarını değil birçokyabancı kavim ve kabileyi de yöneten Osmanlı Devleti dini kimliğin baskın olduğu bir toplumdur. Osmanlı Devleti kabileden devlete dönüşmüş bir sosyal örgütlenmedir. Osmanlılar'ın mensup bulunduğu Oğuz Kayı boyunun diğer boylarla olan ilişkileri ve bundan doğan çatışmalar ilk dönem Osmanlı tarihinde önemli bir yer tutar. Osmanoğulları'nın yükselişi ve neticede diğer boylar üzerinde hakimiyet kurması cihan devletine giden yolda atılmış ilk adımdır.
Digitize, Democratize: Libraries and the Future of Books
Creators: name: Darnton, Robert
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2013

description: I would like to make a case for the Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) by contrasting two tendencies that run through the history of books: democratization and commercialization. To put it so baldly, however, runs the risk of stranding the argument on some remote, moral high ground, and I want to do the opposite. By discussing down-to-earth contingencies and pragmatic considerations, I want to follow a path that will lead through difficult terrain toward an elevated goal: a library that will make our country’s cultural heritage accessible and free of charge, not only to our countrymen and women, but to everyone in the world. That, I admit, has a utopian ring to it, and I might as well confess at the outset to some sympathy with utopianism. It challenges the assumption that the way things are is the way they have to be and that the everyday, workaday world is firmly fixed in what we take to be reality. History shows that things can fall apart, sometimes in a way that releases utopian energy. Revolutions often produce such an effect, and therefore I will cite some revolutionary changes, even though it raises the danger of confusing history with homily. Let me begin by invoking the ideal of openness. It is a happy notion, which calls up felicitous associations: “open-minded,” “open markets,” “open covenants openly arrived at,” the “Song of the Open Road.” In the world of libraries, openness has a particularly positive ring, thanks to the movement for Open Access, which promises to open up books and journal article for the benefit of everyone.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 36 No. 1 (2013)
title:   ESTIMATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INCENTIVES ON THE ADOPTION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Creators: name: Imarah, Michelle Ogheneovo
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 2.1
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: This study aims to estimate the effectiveness of incentives in increasing the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) among households in the near future. Five scenarios were tested using a vehicle type choice model estimated from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data: (1) increasing the number of EV chargers, (2) reducing the purchase price of EVs based on household income, (3) increasing the number of EV models and makes, (4) increasing the EV range, and (5) all scenarios at once. Results showed that all the scenarios were effective in increasing EV adoption amongst households. Some scenarios were more effective than others; notably the number of makes and models which had two separate scenarios with the first scenario having a 37% increase in PEVs and the second scenario having over 2200% increase in BEVs. The price reduction showed positive changes towards EV adoption. Scenarios like increasing the number of EV chargers improved the EV share amongst households but very modestly, we saw only a 1% increase in BEVs in this scenario. All scenarios, however, resulted in significant decreases in other fuel types, particularly gas and diesel vehicles. The results suggest policy makers and vehicle manufacturers have substantial ability to drive the demand for electric vehicles.
description: © 2023 Michelle O. Imarah
Appendix 1: from The biogeography of community assembly: latitude and predation drive variation in community trait distribution in a guild of epifaunal crustaceans
Creators: name: Gross, Collin P.
name: Duffy, J. Emmett
name: Hovel, Kevin A.
name: Kardish, Melissa R.
name: Reynolds, Pamela L.
name: Boström, Christoffer
name: Boyer, Katharyn E.
name: Cusson, Mathieu
name: Eklöf, Johan
name: Engelen, Aschwin H.
name: Eriksson, Britas Klemens
name: Fodrie, F. Joel
name: Griffin, John N.
name: Hereu, Clara M.
name: Hori, Masakazu
name: Hughes, A. Randall
name: Ivanov, Mikhail V.
name: Jorgensen, Pablo
name: Kruschel, Claudia
name: Lee, Kun-Seop
name: Lefcheck, Jonathan
name: McGlathery, Karen
name: Moksnes, Per-Olav
name: Nakaoka, Masahiro
name: O'Connor, Mary I.
name: O'Connor, Nessa E.
name: Olsen, Jeanine L.
name: Orth, Robert J.
name: Peterson, Bradley J.
name: Reiss, Henning
name: Rossi, Francesca
name: Ruesink, Jennifer
name: Sotka, Erik E.
name: Thormar, Jonas
name: Tomas, Fiona
name: Unsworth, Richard
name: Voigt, Erin P.
name: Whalen, Matthew A.
name: Ziegler, Shelby L.
name: Stachowicz, John J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: References for peracarid trait data used in analyses of trait dispersion
Additional file 4 of When it’s needed most: a blueprint for resident creative writing workshops during inpatient rotations
Creators: name: Edwards, Lauren Michelle
name: Kim, Yeuen
name: Stevenson, Matthew
name: Johnson, Tyler
name: Sharp, Nora
name: Reisman, Anna
name: Srinivasan, Malathi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4.
Participants’ reactions to the inclusion of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (SOGI) measures in an established large-scale cohort: The California Teachers Study
Creators: name: Martinez, Maria Elena
name: Lacey, James V
name: Spielfogel, Emma S
name: Charlton, Brittany M
name: Thompson, Caroline A
name: Wheldon, Christopher W
name: Duffy, Christine N
name: Savage, Kristen E
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Year: 2025

description:
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations are more likely than non-SGM populations to experience poor health outcomes but are underrepresented in research. The California Teachers Study (CTS) is a large prospective observational cohort that, in its 2017-2019 survey, included sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) measures and also asked participants to provide feedback on the questionnaire. We conducted an inductive content analysis of participants' feedback responses and used these qualitative codes to a) identify which participants commented on SOGI and b) establish whether these participants had a positive, negative, or ambiguous reaction to the measures. We used Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression to evaluate whether demographic factors were associated with reaction type. A total of 373(2%) of 19,496 respondents commented on the SOGI questions. Of these, 41% had negative reactions, 35% had ambiguous reactions, and 25% had positive reactions. Younger age (<65 years) was positively associated with positive reaction (OR=2.30; 95%CI, 1.23-4.32). Non-white participants had lower adjusted odds of having a negative reaction to the SOGI measures compared to white participants (OR=0.38; 95%CI, 0.17-0.87). In this large established study of older adults, feedback on SOGI measures was rare but differed in frequency and content by participants' demographics.
On the multiwavelength emission from Gamma Ray Burst afterglows
Creators: name: Petropoulou, M.
name: Mastichiadis, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: Drawing an analogy with Active Galactic Nuclei, we investigate the one-zone SSC model of Gamma Ray Bursts afterglows in the presence of electron injection and cooling both by synchrotron and SSC losses. Methods: We solve the spatially averaged kinetic equations which describe the simultaneous evolution of particles and photons, obtaining the multi-wavelength spectrum as a function of time. We back up our numerical calculations with analytical solutions of the equations using various profiles of the magnetic field evolution under certain simplifying assumptions. Results: We apply the model to the afterglow evolution of GRBs in a uniform density environment and examine the impact various parameters have on the multiwavelength spectra. We find that in cases where the electron injection and/or the ambient density is high, the losses are dominated by SSC and the solutions depart significantly from the ones derived in the synchrotron standard cases.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Temperature - pressure phase diagram of the superconducting iron pnictide LiFeP
Creators: name: Mydeen, K.
name: Lengyel, E.
name: Deng, Z.
name: Wang, X. C.
name: Jin, C. Q.
name: Nicklas, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrical-resistivity and magnetic-susceptibility measurements under hydrostatic pressure up to p = 2.75 GPa have been performed on superconducting LiFeP. A broad superconducting (SC) region exists in the temperature - pressure (T-p) phase diagram. No indications for a spin-density-wave transition have been found, but an enhanced resistivity coefficient at low pressures hints at the presence of magnetic fluctuations. Our results show that the superconducting state in LiFeP is more robust than in the isostructural and isoelectronic LiFeAs. We suggest that this finding is related to the nearly regular [FeP_4] tetrahedron in LiFeP.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures