cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Missing Link: Testing Galactic Chemical Evolution Models with the First Multi-Isotopic Abundances in Solar Twin Stars
Creators: name: Coria, David R.
name: Crossfield, Ian J. M.
name: Lothringer, Joshua
name: Flores, Becky
name: Prantzos, Nikos
name: Freedman, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first isotopic abundances of both $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O in solar twin stars and test the results against several galactic chemical evolution (GCE) models with different nucleosynthesis prescriptions. First, we compare M-band spectra from IRTF/iSHELL to synthetic spectra generated from custom solar atmosphere models using the PHOENIX atmosphere code. Next, we compare our calculated abundances to GCE models that consider isotopic yields from massive stars, asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and fast-rotating stars. The $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C ratios determined for this sample of solar twins are consistent with predictions from the selected GCE models; however, the $^{16}$O/$^{18}$O ratios tentatively contradict these predictions. This project constitutes the first in a stellar chemical abundance series seeking to: (1) support the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) as it characterizes exoplanet atmospheres, interiors, and biosignatures by providing host star abundances (2) identify how unexplored stellar abundances reveal the process of galactic chemical evolution and correlate with star formation, interior, age, metallicity, and activity; and (3) provide improved stellar ages using stellar abundance measurements. By measuring elemental and isotopic abundances in a variety of stars, we not only supply refined host star parameters, but also provide the necessary foundations for complementary exoplanet characterization studies and ultimately contribute to the exploration of galactic, stellar, and planetary origins and evolution.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures. Published in ApJ 8/29/2023
The effect of a proposed training programme to enhance health related components of physical fitness of the secondary school male students (17-18 years old)
Creators: name: Redouane, Boubekeur
name: Laidoudi, Abdelhalim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Physical Fitness ; Health ; Training Program ; Secondary School ; Student.

description: This study aims at identifying the effect of a proposed training program on improving the components of the physical fitness related to the health of the secondary school students. Therefore, a program that contains physical fitness tests, mainly the speed and strength, had been used with a sample of 20 students who were divided into an experimental and control group. After collecting the results and statistically treating them, we found out that the program has a positive effect on developing these elements. Consequently, the study recommends promoting such programs that rely on scientific methods sport training amid the educationalinstitutions to increase the health levels of the students
Additional file 19 of Genome-scale analysis of Arabidopsis splicing-related protein kinase families reveals roles in abiotic stress adaptation
Creators: name: Rodriguez Gallo, M. C.
name: Li, Q.
name: Devang, M.
name: Uhrig, R. G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 19.
On-the-fly Approximation of Multivariate Total Variation Minimization
Creators: name: Frecon, Jordan
name: Pustelnik, Nelly
name: Abry, Patrice
name: Condat, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the context of change-point detection, addressed by Total Variation minimization strategies, an efficient on-the-fly algorithm has been designed leading to exact solutions for univariate data. In this contribution, an extension of such an on-the-fly strategy to multivariate data is investigated. The proposed algorithm relies on the local validation of the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions on the dual problem. Showing that the non-local nature of the multivariate setting precludes to obtain an exact on-the-fly solution, we devise an on-the-fly algorithm delivering an approximate solution, whose quality is controlled by a practitioner-tunable parameter, acting as a trade-off between quality and computational cost. Performance assessment shows that high quality solutions are obtained on-the-fly while benefiting of computational costs several orders of magnitude lower than standard iterative procedures. The proposed algorithm thus provides practitioners with an efficient multivariate change-point detection on-the-fly procedure.
Knackmath, Mathe mal anders! Ein Lagerkonzept zur Förderung der mathematischen Kompetenzen
Creators: name: Blaser, Jasmine
name: Distel, Joshua
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Schulische Heilpädagogik
Mathematik
Masterarbeit

description: Das vorliegende Entwicklungsprojekt befasst sich mit der Förderung der mathematischen Kompetenzen im Rahmen eines Schullagers. Die Fragestellungen lauten: Wie wirksam ist das Förderkonzept „Knackmath - Mathe mal anders!“? Und inwiefern ist es in der Praxis umsetzbar? Nebst der theoretischen Abhandlung des Themas wird anhand eines schriftlichen Tests, eines Interviews, einer kommunikativen Validierung sowie der Überprüfung durch eine Experten die Wirksamkeit erfasst. Die theoretischen Erkenntnisse werden mit den Ergebnissen verknüpft und in einem Leitfaden zusammengefasst. Daraus geht hervor, dass der Mut, die Alltagsstrukturen der Schule zu verlassen und eine gute Kooperation des Teams der Lehrpersonen zentral sind. Dieser Leitfaden bildet als Produkt den wichtigsten Bestandteil dieser Arbeit. Anhand der Forschungserhebungen kann aufgezeigt werden, dass die Wirksamkeit des Konzepts gegeben ist und von Lehrpersonen in der Praxis als umsetzbar eingeschätzt wird.
Aspidium breynii Retz.
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: A. Breynii Retz. (A. germanicum auct.) Cat. 415 und 433. l: Gueuroz (Wilczek); Les Marecottes (Coquoz, Beauverd); LeTreuen (J.); Mont d'Ottan (F.); Mont-Ravoire (F., Beauverd, Terretaz); Collonges (Favrat). - 2: Follateres (Garns, Villaret); Branson-Tassonnieres (Terretaz);Loton ob Fully (Garns). - 3: Sembrancher (Miller); Fionnay (Miller, Bernoulli); unterhalb Vex (Wolf); Vissoie (Wilczek); Turtmann (Favrat). - 3a: Gabi (v.Tavel);Gondo (Wolf); Gondo,Wäldchen ob dem Dorf und Felshang unterhalb des Dorfes über der Strasse (Becherer); Zwischbergental (idem). Forma montanum (Milde) - l: Ob Les Marécottes (Coquoz). Forma alpestre (Milde) - l: Salvan (Wolf); Mont d'Ottan (F.); unter Plex (Garns).
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
Estimation and hypothesis testing with additive kernel machines for high-dimensional data
Creators: name: Clark, Jennifer
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2013

description: Advances in high throughput biotechnology have culminated in the development of large scale, population based studies for identifying genomic features (e.g. genes, SNPs, CpGs, etc.) associated with complex diseases and traits. Understanding an individual's genetic disposition for particular traits and diseases can provide information toward the development of individualized risk profiles and treatment regimes and simultaneously provides clues as to the biological mechanisms underlying complex traits. However, the high-dimensionality of the feature space, the limited availability of samples, and our incomplete understanding of how features biologically influence various diseases impose a grand challenge for statisticians. To mitigate some of these challenges, we propose several new methods. First, we develop the additive least square kernel machine (ALSKM) approach for nonparametrically modeling and testing the cumulative effect of a group of features (such as multiple biologically related CpGs) while nonparametrically adjusting for complex, nonlinear covariates. Our proposed methods model both the genomic features and the complex covariates using the kernel machine framework. Second, building on the ALSKM, we develop a novel approach for testing for interactions between two different groups of (biologically related) features. Specifically, we develop a multi-marker test which can test for epistasis, or gene-gene interactions, between two different groups of genomic features. Finally, we again use on the machinery developed under Topics 1 and 2 to develop an approach for testing the association between rare variants and a phenotype in the presence of common variants while accommodating potential interactions between the common and rare variants. By focusing on multi-feature testing, these approaches reduce the dimensionality of the data. Using the kernel machine framework allows for flexible, possibly nonparametric, analysis which is important given our incomplete understanding of how features influence various traits and diseases.
SINGLE MOLECULE DNA MANIPULATION AND ANALYSIS USING NANOFLUIDIC CIRCUITS
Creators: name: Zhou, Jinsheng
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2013

description: Nanofluidic devices have emerged as new powerful tools for biomolecule analysis. Their utility in probing single DNA molecules is of particular interest because of both the biological importance and the ideal polymer physical properties of DNA. Such applications often involve an initial step of capturing the large, globule-shaped molecules from bulk solution and linearizing them in the nanoscale confining structures. The entropic barrier inherent to this process is typically overcome by pulling DNA into a nanoconduit using a large electric field. The resulting high velocity of molecular transport, coupled with the finite temporal resolution of detection, can make single-molecule characterizations difficult. In this dissertation, novel three-dimensional nanofunnels are described that address this problem. Focused ion beam milling is developed to fabricate complex nanostructures. The nanofunnels facilitate the capture process, enabling the introduction of DNA molecules into fluidic nanochannels with significantly lower electric fields. The gradual confinement change of the nanofunnel produces an entropy gradient for DNA molecules transitioning from bulk solution to a nanochannel. Tuning the electric field results in the stable trapping of a single DNA molecule in the nanofunnel. The precisely defined geometry enables an accurate force analysis on the molecule. For confined molecules placed in an electric field, electro-hydrodynamic interactions are discovered that differ from those present in freely diffusing or anchored molecules. Concentration polarization, a phenomenon unique to nanofluidics, is also described for devices containing a nanochannel-nanofunnel structure. The phenomenon is found to correlate with the ionic current rectification, an effect which was previously studied primarily in conical pores. Both phenomena are found to evolve over several minutes in the nanochannel-nanofunnel devices. Moreover, the electro-osmotic flow is found to greatly affect the concentration polarization and ionic current rectification. The discoveries presented in this dissertation have both theoretical and practical importance. A better understanding of the entropic and electrohydrodynamic forces on a large polyion (DNA) was achieved. The nanofunnels developed here have potential applications in nanofluidics-based DNA mapping and sequencing technologies and in the pre-concentration of biomolecules for subsequent on-chip separations or analyses.
The fluctuation energy balance in non-suspended fluid-mediated particle transport
Creators: name: Pähtz, Thomas
name: Durán, Orencio
name: Ho, Tuan-Duc
name: Valance, Alexandre
name: Kok, Jasper F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we compare two extreme regimes of non-suspended fluid-mediated particle transport, transport in light and heavy fluids ("saltation" and "bedload", respectively), regarding their particle fluctuation energy balance. From direct numerical simulations, we surprisingly find that the ratio between collisional and fluid drag dissipation of fluctuation energy is significantly larger in saltation than in bedload, even though the contribution of interparticle collisions to transport of momentum and energy is much smaller in saltation due to the low concentration of particles in the transport layer. We conclude that the much higher frequency of high-energy particle-bed impacts ("splash") in saltation is the cause for this counter-intuitive behavior. Moreover, from a comparison of these simulations to Particle Tracking Velocimetry measurements which we performed in a wind tunnel under steady transport of fine and coarse sand, we find that turbulent fluctuations of the flow produce particle fluctuation energy at an unexpectedly high rate in saltation even under conditions for which the effects of turbulence are usually believed to be small.
Supplementary document for Terahertz electrometry via infrared spectroscopy of atomic vapor - 5780735.pdf
Creators: name: Chen, Shuying
name: Reed, Dominic
name: MacKellar, Andrew
name: Downes, Lucy
name: Almuhawish, Nourah
name: Jamieson, Matthew
name: Adams, Charles
name: Weatherill, Kevin
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplement 1
Central bank coordinated policies and bank market power: an insight from the African context
Creators: name: Ofori-Sasu, Daniel
name: Agbloyor, Elikplimi Komla
name: Sarpong-Kumankoma, Emmanuel
name: Abor, Joshua Yindenaba
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: The paper examines the impact of central bank regulatory policies on market power in Africa. The study presents a representative sample of 52 African economies over the period 2006–2020. The study shows that the individual regulatory policies of the central bank (i.e. monetary and macro-prudential policies) enhance banks’ market power. Also, it reveals that central bank regulatory policies are better coordinated, as complements, in achieving greater market power of banks in countries with strong central bank independence (CBI) framework. However, the coordinated policies are substitutes in determining bank’s market power in countries with weak CBI framework. The policy implication is that the right policy mix of coordinated central bank regulatory policy framework is important in determining an optimal outcome of bank’s market power in both an inclusive central bank (monetary-prudential) policy targeting economies and an independent policy targeting economies.
Phegopteris aquilinum
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: P. aquilinum (L.) Kühn (Eupteris aquilina Newman, Pteris aquilina L.) Cat. 414. l: Choex; Daviaz; Verossaz (alles: Marietan); zwischen Ravoire und Martigny-Combe (F.);^ob Collonges (Garns). - 2:Ob Branson (F.); obFully und Saillon (Garns); obOvronnaz (F.); Les Verines ob Chamoson (Marietan); Jeizenen und Schwingiboden ob Gampel (idem). - 3: Ob Riddes (J.). - 3a:Nordwandder Gondoschlucht gegen die Presa,reichlich; Terrasse derPresa: Brucciata und Brucciata-Cima; westlich der unteren Presa am Weglein nach Alpien im Föhrenwald, an mehreren Stellen ausgedehnte Bestände bildend (alles: Becherer); auf dem das Dorf Gondo überragendenFelsen (Frauenfelder). Forma brevipes (Tausch) Luerssen - 2: Le Trappon ob Branson (F.) Lus. bifidum Kaulf. - l: Les Granges bei Salvan(F.). Lus. crispum Christ - l: Les Marécottes (Coquoz). Lus. furcatum Ronniger- l: Zwischen Martigny-Combe und Ravoire (F.).
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
Spin-voltage-driven efficient terahertz spin currents from the magnetic Weyl semimetals Co2MnGa and Co2MnAl
Creators: name: Bierhance, Genaro
name: Markou, Anastasios
name: Gueckstock, Oliver
name: Rouzegar, Reza
name: Behovits, Yannic
name: Chekhov, Alexander L.
name: Wolf, Martin
name: Seifert, Tom S.
name: Felser, Claudia
name: Kampfrath, Tobias
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: magnetic Weyl semimetals
subject: ultrafast optically driven spin injection
subject: terahertz emission spectroscopy
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Magnetic Weyl semimetals are an emerging material class that combines magnetic order and a topologically non-trivial band structure. Here, we study ultrafast optically driven spin injection from thin films of the magnetic Weyl semimetals Co2MnGa and Co2MnAl into an adjacent Pt layer by means of terahertz emission spectroscopy. We find that (i) Co2MnGa and Co2MnAl are efficient terahertz spin-current generators reaching efficiencies of typical 3d-transition-metal ferromagnets such as Fe. (ii) The relaxation of the spin current provides an estimate of the electron-spin relaxation time of Co2MnGa (170 fs) and Co2MnAl (100 fs), which is comparable to Fe (90 fs). Both observations are consistent with a simple analytical model and highlight the large potential of magnetic Weyl semimetals as spin-current sources in terahertz spintronic devices. Finally, our results provide a strategy to identify magnetic materials that offer maximum spin-current amplitudes for a given deposited optical energy density.
Analyses of Physician Labor Supply Dynamics and its Effect on Patient Welfare
Creators: name: Zhou, Jing
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: My dissertation focuses on the supply side of health and labor economics in order to inform policymakers who seek to address physician shortages and thus improve patient welfare in the United States.
      The first chapter evaluates the determinants of physician geographic and professional movement within North Carolina (NC) using a dynamic discrete choice model designed to analyze labor supply behaviors of individuals over time. I jointly model the initial specialty, activity, location, facility, and hours of direct patient care of all physicians in NC from 2003 to 2012 using a full information maximum likelihood estimation approach that allows for correlation of unobserved determinants. Using the parameter estimates from the dynamic model, I simulate several policy interventions aimed to attract and retain physicians in rural and underserved areas. I find that loan forgiveness policies are less effective at decreasing the probability of movement and increasing retention in the same rural county than an increase in the reimbursement rate. An increase in midlevel practitioners decreases retention in rural areas and increases the likelihood of a physician becoming inactive, while an increase in registered nurses in rural areas significantly increases physician retention.
      The second chapter evaluates the relationship between physician supply and patient welfare. Ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) are preventable or manageable with access to a primary care physician (PCP) and medication, but progression of ACSC tends to lead to costly hospitalizations. Results from existing literature on the causal effect of PCP supply on ACSC admissions are mixed. These mixed results can be explained by the endogeneity issue (i.e., the explanatory variable is correlated with the error term) that arise from simultaneous causality and omitted variables bias. This chapter addresses the endogeneity problem in the literature and correctly identify the true effect of PCP supply on patient welfare by using exogenous policies related to Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA) designation at the county level. Using data from NC and Regression Discontinuity (RD) design, I find that a decrease in PCP supply leads to a significant increase in the number of the ACSC admissions, and vice versa.
A Scheme for Performing Strong and Weak Sequential Measurements of Non-commuting Observables
Creators: name: Brodutch, Aharon
name: Cohen, Eliahu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum systems usually travel a multitude of different paths when evolving through time from an initial to a final state. In general, the possible paths will depend on the future and past boundary conditions, as well as the system's dynamics. We present a gedanken experiment where a single system apparently follows mutually exclusive paths simultaneously, each with probability one, depending on which measurement was performed. This experiment involves the measurement of observables that do not correspond to Hermitian operators. Our main result is a scheme for measuring these operators. The scheme is based on the erasure protocol [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 070404 (2016), arXiv:1409.1575] and allows a wide range of sequential measurements at both the weak and strong limits. At the weak limit the back action of the measurement cannot be used to account for the surprising behavior and the resulting weak values provide a consistent yet strange account of the system's past.
description: Similar to published version, Quantum Studies: Mathematics and Foundations (2016). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1409.1575
Finding optimal Bayesian networks by dynamic programming
Creators: name: Singh, Ajit P.
name: Moore, Andrew W.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Abstract: "Finding the Bayesian network that maximizes a score function is known as structure learning or structure discovery. Most approaches use local search in the space of acyclic digraphs, which is prone to local maxima. Exhaustive enumeration requires super-exponential time. In this paper we describe a 'merely' exponential space/time algorithm for finding a Bayesian network that corresponds to a global maxima of a decomposable scoring function, such as BDeu or BIC."
On a smooth compactification of PSL(n, C)/T
Creators: name: Biswas, Indranil
name: Kannan, S. Senthamarai
name: Nagaraj, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F17

description: Let $T$ be a maximal torus of ${\rm PSL}(n, \mathbb C)$. For $n\,\geq\, 4$, we construct a smooth compactification of ${\rm PSL}(n, \mathbb C)/T$ as a geometric invariant theoretic quotient of the wonderful compactification $\overline{{\rm PSL}(n, \mathbb C)}$ for a suitable choice of $T$--linearized ample line bundle on $\overline{{\rm PSL}(n, \mathbb C)}$. We also prove that the connected component, containing the identity element, of the automorphism group of this compactification of ${\rm PSL}(n, \mathbb C)/T$ is ${\rm PSL}(n, \mathbb C)$ itself.
Additional file 6 of ALDOC- and ENO2- driven glucose metabolism sustains 3D tumor spheroids growth regardless of nutrient environmental conditions: a multi-omics analysis
Creators: name: De Vitis, Claudia
name: Battaglia, Anna Martina
name: Pallocca, Matteo
name: Santamaria, Gianluca
name: Mimmi, Maria Chiara
name: Sacco, Alessandro
name: De Nicola, Francesca
name: Gaspari, Marco
name: Salvati, Valentina
name: Ascenzi, Francesca
name: Bruschini, Sara
name: Esposito, Antonella
name: Ricci, Giulia
name: Sperandio, Eleonora
name: Massacci, Alice
name: Prestagiacomo, Licia Elvira
name: Vecchione, Andrea
name: Ricci, Alberto
name: Sciacchitano, Salvatore
name: Salerno, Gerardo
name: French, Deborah
name: Aversa, Ilenia
name: Cereda, Cristina
name: Fanciulli, Maurizio
name: Chiaradonna, Ferdinando
name: Solito, Egle
name: Cuda, Giovanni
name: Costanzo, Francesco
name: Ciliberto, Gennaro
name: Mancini, Rita
name: Biamonte, Flavia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 6: Figure S1. Correlations between mRNA expression and protein abundance. Sample-wise mRNA-protein correlation computed as Spearman’s Rho (y-axis). Samples are ordered along the x-axis based on increasing correlation.
Tate's Algorithm for F-theory GUTs with two U(1)s
Creators: name: Lawrie, Craig
name: Sacco, Damiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic study of elliptic fibrations for F-theory realizations of gauge theories with two U(1) factors. In particular, we determine a new class of SU(5) x U(1)^2 fibrations, which can be used to engineer Grand Unified Theories, with multiple, differently charged, 10 matter representations. To determine these models we apply Tate's algorithm to elliptic fibrations with two U(1) symmetries, which are realized in terms of a cubic in P^2. In the process, we find fibers which are not characterized solely in terms of vanishing orders, but with some additional specialization, which plays a key role in the construction of these novel SU(5) models with multiple 10 matter. We also determine a table of Tate-like forms for Kodaira fibers with two U(1)s.
description: 59 pages, 7 figures
Femtosecond anisotropy excitation spectroscopy to disentangle the Qx and Qy absorption in chlorophyll a
Creators: name: Zahn, Clark
name: Heyne, Karsten
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: chlorophyll
subject: Q-band absorption
subject: spectroscopy
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Chlorophyll a (Chl a) belongs to the most important and most investigated molecules in the field of photosynthesis. The Q-band absorption is central for energy transfer in photosystems and the relative orientation of the Qy transitions of interacting chlorophylls governs the energy transfer. Chl a was well investigated, but a quantitative separation of Qx and Qy contributions to the Q-band of the Chl a absorption spectrum is still missing. We use femtosecond Vis-pump – IR-probe anisotropy excitation spectroscopy to disentangle the overlapping electronic Qx and Qy contributions quantitatively. In an anisotropy excitation spectrum we trace the dichroic ratio of a single vibration, i.e. the keto C[double bond, length as m-dash]O stretching vibration at 1690 cm−1, as a function of excitation wavelength. The change in dichroic ratio reflects altering Qy and Qx contributions. We identified Qx00 (0–0 transition of Qx) and Qx01 transition at (636 ± 1) nm and (607 ± 2) nm, respectively, and the Qy01 and Qy02 at (650 ± 6) nm, and (619 ± 3) nm, respectively. We find that Qx absorption, contributes to 50% to 72% at 636 nm and 49% to 71% at 606 nm to the Chl a absorption at room temperature. The Q band was well modelled by a single vibronic progression for the Qx and Qy transition of (700 ± 100) cm−1, and the energy gap between Qx00 and Qy00 was found to be (820 ± 60) cm−1. This precise description of the hexa-coordinated Chl a absorption spectrum will foster more accurate calculations on energy transfer processes in photosystems, and advance the detailed understanding of the intricate interaction of chlorophyll molecules with the solvent.
PARITY, OBESITY AND BREAST CANCER SURVIVAL: DOES INTRINSIC SUBTYPE MODIFY OUTCOMES?
Creators: name: Sun, Xuezheng
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Year: 2015
Subjects: Epidemiology

description: Purpose: Parity and obesity have shown distinct associations with the breast cancer risk by intrinsic subtype. Little is known whether their influence on prognosis also varies by intrinsic subtype, although their general prognostic associations have been reported previously. Methods: Study subjects were 1,140 invasive breast cancer patients from the phases I and II of the population-based Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS), with tissue blocks available for subtyping using immunohistochemical markers. Parity was measured by number of full-term birth and time since last birth. Obesity was measured by body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR). Vital status was determined using the National Death Index. The association of exposures with breast cancer (BC)-specific and overall survival was assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: During the follow-up (median =13.5 years), 450 patients died, with 61% due to breast cancer (n=276). For obesity, WHR, but not BMI, was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (0.84+ vs. <0.77, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.11-2.05), independent of age, race, adjusted lifestyle and socioeconomic factors. According to intrinsic subtypes, high BMI (30+ kg/m2) was an independent factor for all-cause mortality (adjusted HR=2.25, 95% CI=1.14-4.46, <0.25 kg/m2 as reference) among patients with basal-like tumors, while high WHR (0.84+) was associated with poor overall survival (adjusted HR=1.75, 95% CI=1.20-2.56, <0.77 as reference) among patients with luminal tumors. For parity, both high parity (3+ births) and recent birth (< 5 years before diagnosis) were associated with BC-specific mortality (parity: adjusted HR=1.76, 95% CI=1.13-2.73; birth recency: adjusted HR=1.90, 95% CI=1.10-3.34), with stronger effect observed in luminal tumors than basal-like tumors. The subtype-specific prognostic associations of parity and obesity were suggested to vary by follow-up period (greater HRs detected in patients surviving 5+ years), but not by race or menopause. Conclusions: Our study suggests the influence of obesity and parity on breast cancer prognosis may vary by intrinsic subtype. These results may contribute to a better understanding of how pregnancy and obesity influence the natural history of different breast cancer subtype, and help tailor treatment and optimize intervention strategies.
Hieracia helvetica
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: S. Helvetica (L.) Link Cat. 410und 433. Verbreitet. Obere Höhengrenze festzustellen (die Angabe des Cat.: 2400m, ist nicht gesichert); sicher bis etwa 2100 m: unterhalb der Gletscheralp bei Saas-Fee (Hirschmann 1951).
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
Solid-State $\rm ^{229}Th$ Nuclear Laser with Two-Photon Pumping
Creators: name: Xu, Haowei
name: Tang, Hao
name: Wang, Guoqing
name: Li, Changhao
name: Li, Boning
name: Cappellaro, Paola
name: Li, Ju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radiative excitation of the 8.3 eV isomeric state of thorium-229 is an outstanding challenge due to the lack of tunable far-ultraviolet (F-UV) sources. In this work, we propose an efficient two-photon pumping scheme for thorium-229 using the optonuclear quadrupolar effect, which only requires a 300 nm UV-B pumping laser. We further demonstrate that population inversion between the nuclear isomeric and ground states can be achieved at room temperature using a two-step pumping process. The nuclear laser, which has been pursued for decades, may be realized using a Watt-level UV-B pumping laser and ultrawide bandgap thorium compounds (e.g., $\rm ThF_4$, $\rm Na_2ThF_6$, or $\rm K_2ThF_6$) as the gain medium.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Spatially Regularizing High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging
Creators: name: Rao, Shangbang
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biometry
subject: Medical radiology
subject: Diagnostic imaging
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Many recent high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) reconstruction techniques have been introduced to infer ensemble average propagator (EAP),describing the three-dimensional (3D) average diffusion process of water molecules or the angular structure information contained in EAP, orientation distribution function (ODF). Most of these methods perform reconstruction independently at each voxel, which essentially ignoring the functional nature of the HARDI data at different voxels in space. The aim of my thesis is to develop methods which can spatially and adaptively infer the EAP, or ODF of water diffusion in regions with complex fiber configurations. In Chapter 3, we propose a penalized multi-scale adaptive regression model (PMARM) framework to spatially and adaptively infer the ODF of water diffusion in regions with complex fiber configurations. We first represent DW-MRI signals using Spherical Harmonic (SH) basis, then apply PMARM on advanced statistical methods to calculate the coefficients of SH representation, from which ODF representation is calculated using Funk-Radon transformation. PMARM reconstructs the ODF at each voxel by adaptively borrowing the spatial information from the neighboring voxels. We show in the real and simulated data sets that PMARM can substantially reduce the noise level, while improving the ODF reconstruction. In Chapter 4, we propose a robust multi-scale adaptive and sequential smoothing (MASS) method framework to robustly, spatially and adaptively infer the EAP of water diffusion in regions with complex fiber configurations. We first calculate spherical polar Fourier basis representation of the DW-MRI signals, and then apply MASS adaptively and sequentially updating SPF representation by borrowing the spatial information from the neighboring voxels. We show in the real and simulated data sets that MASS can reduce the angle detection errors on fiber crossing area and provides more accurate reconstructions than standard voxel-wise methods and robust MASS performs very well with the presence of outliers. In Chapter 5, we extend multi-scale adaptive method framework to dictionary learning methods, and show that by adding smoothing technique, we can significantly improve the accuracy of EAP reconstruction and reduce the angle detection errors on fiber crossing, even in very low signal-to-noise ratio situation.
Verwahrlosung und Depression im Kindes- und Jugendalter der Kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Diskurs zu Verwahrlosung und Depression in der Schweiz und in Deutschland von 1904 – 2007
Creators: name: Hirsig, Susanne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Masterarbeit

description: In der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie scheinen Depressionssymptome vermehrt diagnostiziert zu werden. Diese Psychopathologie wird durch Symptome der Verwahrlosung negativ verstärkt. Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist es, die historische Entwicklung des kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Diskurses zu diesen beiden Phänomenen innerhalb der Schweiz und Deutschland aufzuzeigen. In einer Diskursanalyse werden 20 Artikel zum Thema Verwahrlosung und Depression vor dem Hintergrund medizinischer, psychologischer, sozialwissenschaftlicher und pädagogischer Perspektiven analysiert und diskutiert. Die Untersuchung ergibt, dass in den Schweizer Fachartikeln sowohl in Bezug auf die Verwahrlosung als auch auf die Depression überdurchschnittlich häufig sozialisationstheoretisch argumentiert wird. In den Fachzeitschriften aus Deutschland hingegen wird Verwahrlosung mehr interaktionistisch begriffen. Aus heilpädagogischer Sicht resultiert die Forderung, Verwahrlosung und Depression in Zukunft noch vermehrt aus interaktionistischer Perspektive zu diskutieren.
Focused Optimization for Online Detection of Anomalous Regions
Creators: name: Mendoza, Juan Pablo
name: Veloso, Manuela M.
name: Simmons, Reid
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents an online algorithm for early detection of anomalies in robot execution, where the anomalies occur in a particular region of the robot's state space. Assuming that a model of normal execution is given, the algorithm detects regions of space where data significantly deviate from normal. It achieves this by focusing optimization over a fixed-parameter family of shapes to find the one among them that is most likely anomalous, and then using this region to decide whether execution is anomalous. Experiments using synthetic and real robot data support the effectiveness of the approach.
Is the Approach Avoidance Compatibility Effect Moderated by the Word Imageability?
Creators: name: Ballot, Claire
name: Pillaud Nicolas
name: Francois Ric
name: Stéphanie, Mathey
name: Christelle, Robert
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: The Approach/Avoidance (AA) compatibility effect refers to the fact that individuals respond faster by an approach movement to positive than to negative stimuli, whereas they respond faster by an avoidance movement to negative than to positive stimuli. Although this effect has been observed in many studies, the underlying mechanisms remain still unclear. On the basis of recent studies suggesting a key role of sensorimotor information in the emergence of the AA compatibility effect, the present study aimed to investigate the specific role of visual information, operationalized through word imageability, in the production of the AA compatibility effect. We orthogonally manipulated the emotional valence (positive/negative) and the imageability (low/high) of words in an incidental online-AA task (i.e., in the absence of valence processing goals) using a stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) of 300 ms. In line with previous studies, Experiment 1 revealed an AA compatibility effect in the absence of valence processing goals. However, this effect was not moderated by word imageability. In Experiment 2, we examined whether the absence of influence of word imageability could be due to the short SOA (300ms) used in this experiment. We used the same design as in Experiment 1 and manipulated the SOA (400 ms vs. 600 ms). We again observed an AA compatibility effect which was not moderated by word imageability, whatever the SOA used. The results of both experiments suggest the absence of any influence of sensorimotor information in the AA compatibility effect, at least when provided by the to-be-approached/avoided stimulus.
title: Other Mothers: Curating and Creating Voices of Adoption, Surrogacy and Egg Donation
Creators: name: Everington, Shanta
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2024

description: Other Mothers: Curating and creating voices of adoption, surrogacy and egg donation is a Creative Writing PhD inspired by the author’s personal experience as a biological and adoptive mother. The work comprises a book-length piece of experimental life writing and an accompanying critical commentary.

 Contemporary explorations of motherhood in life writing have primarily focused on the biological mother raising the child she gave birth to. Other Mothers gives voice to women who become mothers through the alternative routes of adoption, surrogacy and egg donation, and their silent partners – the birth mothers, surrogate mothers and egg donors – who make motherhood possible for them.

 The life writing draws on interviews with six women (all names have been changed): Alison, a mother via egg donation and adoption; Charlotte, an egg donor; Rubi, who became a mother through surrogacy in India; Robin, a surrogate mother; Lorraine, an adoptive mother of two who was adopted herself as a baby; Margaret, a birth mother in her seventies who gave her baby up for adoption fifty years ago. The life writing is presented in a hybrid form, encompassing edited interview, re-imagined scenes, poetry, lyric essay and quotation collage.

 The accompanying critical commentary is divided into four chapters: Chapter 1 introduces the research rationale, analysing related published life writing; Chapter 2 opens up debates around the ethical issues of speaking for and representing others; Chapter 3 considers the artistic considerations involved in producing the life writing; the final chapter sets out the wider relevance of personal narratives – ‘the personal as the political’ – drawing on feminist theory.

 The biographical portraits on ‘other mothers’ illuminate the diverse and changing landscape of motherhood. The research’s original contribution to knowledge lies in the way it uses an innovative hybrid life writing form – a collage approach – to illuminate an expanded understanding of motherhood.
Additional file 22 of Genome-scale analysis of Arabidopsis splicing-related protein kinase families reveals roles in abiotic stress adaptation
Creators: name: Rodriguez Gallo, M. C.
name: Li, Q.
name: Devang, M.
name: Uhrig, R. G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 22.
Statistical Thermodynamics of Irreversible Aggregation and Gelation
Creators: name: Matsoukas, Themis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binary aggregation is known to lead, under certain kinetic rules, to the coexistence of two populations, one consisting of finite-size clusters (sol), and one that contains a single cluster that carries a finite fraction of the total mass (giant component or gel). The sol-gel transition is commonly discussed as a phase transition by qualitative analogy to vapor condensation. Here we show that the connection to thermodynamic phase transition is rigorous. We develop the statistical thermodynamics of irreversible binary aggregation in discrete finite systems, obtain the partition function for arbitrary kernel, and show that the emergence of the gel cluster has all the hallmarks of a phase transition, including an unstable van der Waals loop. We demonstrate the theory by presenting the complete pre- and post-gel solution for aggregation with the product kernel, $k_{ij}=i j$.
Formal Analysis of Kerberos 5
Creators: name: Butler, Frederick
name: Iliano Cervesato
name: Jaggard, Aaron D
name: Scedrov, Andre
name: Walstad, Christopher
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We report on the detailed verification of a substantial portion of the Kerberos 5 protocol
specification. Because it targeted a deployed protocol rather than an academic abstraction,
this multi-year effort led to the development of new analysis methods in order to manage
the inherent complexity. This enabled proving that Kerberos supports the expected authentication
and confidentiality properties, and that it is structurally sound; these results rely
on a pair of intertwined inductions. Our work also detected a number of innocuous but
nonetheless unexpected behaviors, and it clearly described how vulnerable the cross-realm
authentication support of Kerberos is to the compromise of remote administrative domains.
Ben und Emma Eine Informationsbroschüre für die sexuelle Aufklärung von gehörlosen und schwerhörigen Kindern und Jugendlichen
Creators: name: Meier, Jeannette
name: Spengler, Myriam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Pädagogik für Schwerhörige und Gehörlose
Gehörloser Mensch
Schwerhörigkeit
Jugend
Kind
Masterarbeit

description: Die vorliegende Entwicklungsarbeit beschreibt die Entstehung einer Broschüre für die sexuelle Aufklärung von gehörlosen und schwerhörigen Kindern und Jugendlichen. Sie besteht einerseits aus dem vorliegenden Projektbericht mit dem vollständigen Text der Broschüre im Anhang. Andererseits zeigt das Produkt zwei fertig ausgearbeitete und bebilderte Doppelseiten zur Illustrierung des angestrebten Endprodukts. Im ersten Teil des Projektberichts werden die Voraussetzungen und die Zielsetzung des Produkts geklärt. Der Theorieteil beschreibt die psychosexuelle Entwicklung im Allgemeinen und die Besonderheiten in der sprachlichen, kognitiven und psycho-sozialen Entwicklung von gehörlosen und schwerhörigen Kindern und Jugendlichen im Speziellen. Darauf abgestützt werden die Anforderungen an das Produkt hergeleitet und bestehende Aufklärungsliteratur auf die Eignung für die Zielgruppe bewertet. Auf dieser Grundlage kann der Inhalt und die Gestaltung der Broschüre realisiert werden. Die genauen Schritte zur Entwicklung des Produktes werden im Projektprotokoll dargestellt. Anschliessend folgen die Evaluierung der Broschüre und die daraus gezogenen Schlüsse. Mit einem Ausblick auf weitere Schritte und mögliche Folgeprodukte schliesst die Arbeit.
Formal Modeling of the Enterprise JavaBeansTM Component Integration Framework
Creators: name: Joao Pedro Sousa
name: Garlan, David
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An emerging trend in the engineering of complex systems is the use of component integration frameworks. Such a framework prescribes an architectural design that permits flexible composition of third-party components into applications. A good example is Sun Microsystems' Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) framework, which supports object-oriented, distributed, enterprise-level applications, such as account management systems. One problem with frameworks like EJB is that they are documented informally, making it difficult to understand precisely what is provided by the framework, and what is required to use it. We believe formal specification can help, and in this paper show how a formal architectural description language can be used to describe and provide insight into such frameworks
Comparison of Methods for Determining Aerobic Exercise Intensity Using Heart Rate in Leukemia Patients Prior to Induction Chemotherapy
Creators: name: Story, Christina
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Oncology

description: PURPOSE: To compare different heart rate (HR) methods commonly used to determine aerobic exercise intensity in acute leukemia patients (ALP). METHODS: 14 ALP completed a VO2peak test on a cycle ergometer with indirect calorimetry within 96 hours of admission at NC Cancer Hospital. The % of 220-age equation and HR reserve methods were compared to HR at %VO2peak at 3 different exercise intensities; low (40%), moderate (60%) and high (75%). One-Way ANOVAs were used to compare different methods at different intensities. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between 220-age and HR at %VO2peak at moderate (100±8 and 113±24bpm, p=.122) and high intensity (125±10 and 123±25bpm, p=.994). At low intensity, all methods were significantly different. CONCLUSION: In ALP, neither % of 220-age or HR reserve should be used to prescribe aerobic exercise intensity, however, at moderate and high intensities, the 220-age equation produced similar values to HR derived from %VO2peak.