cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Anomalous heat conduction and anomalous diffusion in nonlinear lattices, single walled nanotubes, and billiard gas channels
Creators: name: Li, Baowen
name: Wang, Jiao
name: Wang, Lei
name: Zhang, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study anomalous heat conduction and anomalous diffusion in low dimensional systems ranging from nonlinear lattices, single walled carbon nanotubes, to billiard gas channels. We find that in all discussed systems, the anomalous heat conductivity can be connected with the anomalous diffusion, namely, if energy diffusion is $σ^2(t)\equiv =2Dt^α (01$) implies an anomalous heat conduction with a divergent thermal conductivity ($β>0$), and more interestingly, a subdiffusion ($α<1$) implies an anomalous heat conduction with a convergent thermal conductivity ($β<0$), consequently, the system is a thermal insulator in the thermodynamic limit. Existing numerical data support our theoretical prediction.
description: 15 Revtex pages, 16 figures. Invited article for CHAOS focus issue commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) model
Strong surface outflows on accretion discs
Creators: name: Nixon, C. J.
name: Pringle, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to provide an explanation for the unexpected radial brightness distribution of the steady accretion discs seen in nova-like variables, Nixon & Pringle (2019) proposed that the accretion energy is redistributed outwards by means of strong, magnetically driven, surface flows. In this paper we note that the "powerful, rotating disc winds" observed in the soft states of black hole X-ray binaries, and also in the disc around a magnetized neutron star in Her X-1, have the properties of the outflows postulated by Nixon & Pringle to exist in the nova-like variable accretion discs around white dwarfs. The relevant properties are that the flows are not winds, but are, instead, bound flows (traveling at less than the escape velocity) and that the mass fluxes in the flows are a substantial fraction of the accretion rate in the disc.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Additional file 2 of Physical activity promotion for multimorbid patients in primary care settings: a protocol for a systematic review evaluating health benefits and harms
Creators: name: Schweda, Simone
name: Krauss, Inga
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. PubMed search strategy.
A new electromagnetic wave in a pair plasma
Creators: name: Stenflo, Lennart
name: Brodin, Gert
name: Marklund, Mattias
name: Shukla, Padma K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new nonlinear electromagnetic wave mode in a plasma is reported. Its existence depends on the interaction of an intense circularly polarized electromagnetic wave with a plasma, where quantum electrodynamical photon--photon scattering is taken into account. As an illustration, we consider a pair plasma and show that the new mode can be significant in astrophysical settings and in the next generation laser-plasma systems.
description: 3 pages
Research Data Management - Guidance
Creators: name: Della Chiesa, Stefano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Research Data Management
Data Management Planning
Guidance

description: Research Data Management (RDM) provides the strategies, guidelines, and measures to manage research outputs. Like a Jigsaw, RDM requires multiple pieces of multidisciplinary knowledge and competencies. RDM Checklist guides the researchers to FAIRly manage the research outputs along the project lifecycle and beyond it. Research projects are inherently iterative in their try and error phases, and consequently, RDM is a continuous adapting process throughout the research project. Data Management Planning (DMP) is the operational tool to handle this complexity dynamically, in a structured way, ensuring compliance with policies and best practices. This document provides the RDM checklist and guidance for the Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development (IOER).
Merchandising Winter Pears in Retail Food Stores
Creators: name: Smith, Hugh M.
name: Clement, Wendell E.
name: Hoofnagle, William S.
name: Smith, Hugh M.
name: Clement, Wendell E.
name: Hoofnagle, William S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1955
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpts from the report Summary: The purpose of this research on merchandising winter pears in retail stores was to evaluate consumer response to large-, medium-, and small-sized pears when offered in various combinations of sizes and packages; to ascertain the relationships in consumer purchases between bulk and packaged pears; and to determine which of several methods of merchandising will sell the most pears. Results of the 4 methods tested during the 4-week experiment indicated that the display that increased sales most was a combination of medium-sized pears in bulk and in packages of 6 with large pears in bulk and in packages of 3, 4, 6, and 8. This display resulted in a 26-percent increase in sales over the display of medium-sized pears alone.
Sampling using $SU(N)$ gauge equivariant flows
Creators: name: Boyda, Denis
name: Kanwar, Gurtej
name: Racanière, Sébastien
name: Rezende, Danilo Jimenez
name: Albergo, Michael S.
name: Cranmer, Kyle
name: Hackett, Daniel C.
name: Shanahan, Phiala E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We develop a flow-based sampling algorithm for $SU(N)$ lattice gauge theories that is gauge-invariant by construction. Our key contribution is constructing a class of flows on an $SU(N)$ variable (or on a $U(N)$ variable by a simple alternative) that respect matrix conjugation symmetry. We apply this technique to sample distributions of single $SU(N)$ variables and to construct flow-based samplers for $SU(2)$ and $SU(3)$ lattice gauge theory in two dimensions.
description: 24 pages, 19 figures
Evolucion del ingreso agricola real en America Latina, 1990-2005: evidencia en base a cuentas nacionales y encuestas de hogares
Creators: name: Valdes, Alberto
name: Foster, William
name: Perez, Rodrigo
name: Rivera, Rodrigo
name: Valdes, Alberto
name: Foster, William
name: Perez, Rodrigo
name: Rivera, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: International Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: PIB agricola
subject: encuestas a hogares
subject: rentas de los ocupados agricolas
subject: Brasil
subject: Chile
subject: Colombia
subject: Mexico
subject: agricultural GDP
subject: household surveys
subject: agricultural workforce income

description: El estudio analiza la evolucion del ingreso real de los ocupados en la agricultura entre los anos 1990 y 2005 para los casos de Brasilm Chile, Columbia y Mexico. Con informacion del PIB Agricola y de ingresos autonomos provenientes de las encuestas de hogares, se analiza si el alto cremiento del PIB Agricola, observado durante el periodo, se tradujo en un incremento efectivo de los ingresos reales de los ocupados agricolas, distinguiendo a estos entre asalariados, cuenta propia y empleados. Dos conclusiones destacan: el ingreso agricola real medido a traves del PIB deflectado por vairas medidas de inflacion aumento menos de lo senalado oficialmente; y a excepcion de COlombic, donde el principal "ganador" es el dos han capturado una proporcion creciente del ingreso agricola...This study analyzes the evolution between 1990 and 2005 of real incomes of the agricultural work forces in Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico. Using both officially-reported agricultural GDP and data on autonomous income from household surveys, the analysis investigates whether or not high sectoral GDP growth rates during the period translated into an effective increase in real incomes of the sector's workforce, distinguishing between salaried workers, the self-employed and employers. Two conclusions are notable: real agricultural income measured by the sector's GDP deflated by various inflation indices increased less than officially reported real GDP (i.e., using the implicit GDP deflator); and, salaried workers have captured a growing proportion of total agricultural workforce income since 1990, except in Colombia, where the total income share of the self-employed, a group including small farmers, has increased.
S2COSMOS: Evolution of Gas Mass with Redshift Using Dust Emission
Creators: name: Millard, Jenifer S.
name: Eales, Stephen A.
name: Smith, M. W. L.
name: Gomez, H. L.
name: Małek, K.
name: Simpson, J. M.
name: Peng, Y.
name: Sawicki, M.
name: Beeston, R. A.
name: Bunker, Andrew
name: Ao, Y.
name: Babul, A.
name: Ho, L. C.
name: Hwang, Ho Seong
name: Michałowski, M. J.
name: Scoville, N.
name: Shim, H.
name: Toba, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the evolution of the gas mass fraction for galaxies in the COSMOS field using submillimetre emission from dust at 850$μ$m. We use stacking methodologies on the 850$μ$m S2COSMOS map to derive the gas mass fraction of galaxies out to high redshifts, 0 <= $z$ <= 5, for galaxies with stellar masses of $10^{9.5} < M_* (\rm M_{\odot}) < 10^{11.75}$. In comparison to previous literature studies we extend to higher redshifts, include more normal star-forming galaxies (on the main sequence), and also investigate the evolution of the gas mass fraction split by star-forming and passive galaxy populations. We find our stacking results broadly agree with scaling relations in the literature. We find tentative evidence for a peak in the gas mass fraction of galaxies at around $z$ ~ 2.5-3, just before the peak of the star formation history of the Universe. We find that passive galaxies are particularly devoid of gas, compared to the star-forming population. We find that even at high redshifts, high stellar mass galaxies still contain significant amounts of gas.
description: 17 pages (+ 9 pages of appendices), 8 figures (+ 7 figures in appendices), accepted for publication in MNRAS
No ((n, k, d < 127)) code can violate the quantum Hamming bound
Creators: name: Dallas, Emanuel
name: Andreadakis, Faidon
name: Lidar, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well-known that pure quantum error correcting codes (QECCs) are constrained by a quantum version of the Hamming bound. Whether impure codes also obey such a bound, however, remains a long-standing question with practical implications for the efficacy of QECCs. We employ a combination of previously derived bounds on QECCs to demonstrate that a subset of all codes must obey the quantum Hamming bound. Specifically, we combine an analytical bound due to Rains with a numerical bound due to Li and Xing to show that no ((n,k,d < 127)) code can violate the quantum Hamming bound.
La reconstruccion de las instituciones rurales... Tambien de nuestras certidumbres?
Creators: name: Gordillo, Gustavo
name: Gordillo, Gustavo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: instituciones rurales
subject: accion colectiva
subject: empoderamiento de los probres
subject: movilizacion social
subject: medio rural latinoamericano
subject: rural institutions
subject: collective action
subject: empowerment of the poor
subject: social mobilization
subject: Latin America countryside

description: La pregunta cenral que guia esta ensayo: que significa empoderar a los probres, parte de la necesidad de enfrentar la desarticulacion productiva y la desintegracion social prevalecientes en el medio rural latinoamericanos con una estrategia de reconstruccion institucional basada en el incremento de la autonomia de los habitantes rurales y en una dinamica de intervenciones estatales a partir de un diseno institucional inteligente capaz de aprender y adaptarese a las situaciones heterogeneas y cambiantes en el ambito rural. SE coloca en el centro de esta estrategia los dilemas a los que se enfrenta la accion colectiva, dos de los cuales: como lograr estabilidad y certifumbre en las reglas del juego institucionales en medio de un contexto favorable a las movilizaciones ciudadanas y a conductas no institucionales, y como lograr dotar de representacion real y de voz deliberante -es decir que influya en las decisiones publicas- a los segmentos marginados y excluidos de los pactos de gobernabilidad, son claves para garantizar un proceso de construccion de puentes entre el marco legal y las movilizacions, lo cual denomino movilizacion social como medio de produccion de instituciones...The central question that guides this essay: what does empowering the poor means, is addressed within the social and productive disintegration that prevails in the Latin American countryside. I propose a strategy of institutional reconstruction based on an increased promotion of self-government incentives to the rural communities, as well as on a set of smart interventions that enables learning from implementation combined with high degrees of adaptability. Crucial to this strategy and certitude in the midst of mobilizations and non institutional behaviours, and how to guarantee real representation -i.e. that enables especially the marginalized and excluded segments of our societies to participate in the decision-making processes. As I argue solving these dilemmas is crucial in bridging the enhancement of the legal framework to the positive potential of mobilizations. I call this process as social mobilization as means of production of institutions.
Realizing the potential of deep neural network for analyzing neutron star observables and dense matter equation of state
Creators: name: Thete, Ameya
name: Banerjee, Kinjal
name: Malik, Tuhin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The difficulty in describing the equation of state (EoS) for nuclear matter at densities above the saturation density ($ρ_0$) has led to the emergence of a multitude of models based on different assumptions and techniques. These EoSs, when used to describe a neutron star (NS), lead to differing values of observables. An outstanding goal in astrophysics is to constrain the dense matter EoS by exploiting astrophysical and gravitational wave measurements. Nuclear matter parameters appear as Taylor coefficients in the expansion of the EoS around the saturation density of symmetric and asymmetric nuclear matter and provide a physically-motivated representation of the EoS. In this paper, we introduce a deep learning-based methodology to predict key neutron stars observables such as the NS mass, NS radius, and tidal deformability from a set of nuclear matter parameters. Using generated mock data, we confirm that the neural network model is able to accurately capture the underlying physics of finite nuclei and replicate inter-correlations between the symmetry energy slope, its curvature, and the tidal deformability arising from a set of physical constraints. We also test our network with mock data generated by a different class of physics model, which was not part of the training, to explore the limitations of model dependency in the results. We also study the validity of our trained model using Bayesian inference and show that the performance of our model is on par with physics-based models with the added benefit of much lower computational cost.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Main results of a search on multiplicity distributions in pp collisions: is anybody afraid of a new class of hard events?
Creators: name: Ugoccioni, Roberto
name: Giovannini, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After an introduction on possible scenarios in the TeV energy region in pp collisions, extrapolated from the knowledge of the GeV energy region, attention is focused on the onset of a third class of events, harder than the semi-hard and soft ones identified at SpS and Tevatron. The expected features and signatures in multiplicity fluctuations, forward-backward correlations and collision energy density are discussed.
description: 5 pages, talk given at XXXIV International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics, Sonoma County, California, USA, July 26-August 1, 2004
Reduction of coupling constants in two-dimensional sigma models
Creators: name: Álvarez, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional sigma models in curved target spaces are considered in which a relationship between the warp factor and the dilaton is imposed in a renormalization group invariant way.
description: LateX, 14 pages,no figures
Through-the-Wall Nonlinear SAR Imaging
Creators: name: Klibanov, Michael V.
name: Smirnov, Alexey V.
name: Khoa, Vo Anh
name: Sullivan, Anders J.
name: Nguyen, Lam H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M32, 78A46

description: An inverse scattering problem for SAR data in application to through-the-wall imaging is addressed. In contrast with the conventional algorithms of SAR imaging, that work with the linearized mathematical model based on the Born approximation, the fully nonlinear case is considered here. To avoid the local minima problem, the so-called "convexification" globally convergent inversion scheme is applied to approximate the distribution of the slant range (SR) dielectric constant in the 3-D domain. The benchmark scene of this paper comprises a homogeneous dielectric wall and different dielectric targets hidden behind it. The results comprise two dimensional images of the SR dielectric constant of the scene of interest. Numerical results are obtained by the proposed inversion method for both the computationally simulated and experimental data. Our results show that the values, cross-range sizes and locations of SR dielectric constants for targets hidden behind the wall are close to those of real targets. Numerical comparison with the solution of the linearized inverse scattering problem provided by the Born approximation, commonly used in conventional SAR imaging, shows a significantly better accuracy of our results.
Additional file 1 of Physical activity promotion for multimorbid patients in primary care settings: a protocol for a systematic review evaluating health benefits and harms
Creators: name: Schweda, Simone
name: Krauss, Inga
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA-P checklist.
title: Paying back our balance: can advances in renewable energy play a leading role in offsetting anthropogenic sources for climate change
Creators: name: Valcheva, Stefanie
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: climate change
subject: renewable energy
subject: solar
subject: wind
subject: hydro
subject: NREAP

description: The overwhelming majority of climate scientists agree that human activities, especially the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and gas, increasingly contribute to the change of the climate currently observed. Moreover, they are confident that global temperatures will continue to rise for decades to come posing a threat to flora, fauna, and humankind. Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are currently higher than ever and the largest single source of global emissions is the energy sector. Therefore, one of the most effective ways to combat human-induced climate change is through the application of alternative sources of energy, such as solar, wind, and hydro power. The European Union had recognised this and requested in 2009 its member states to develop National Renewable Energy Action Plans (NREAP) explaining how each country expects to reach its legally binding 2020 target. The overall EU target for renewable energy use by the year 2020 is 20%. The paper looks closely into the potential and objectives of three European countries ¿ Norway, Spain, and Cyprus - investigating their individual strategies for reaching their commitments. Notwithstanding the apparent moderate progression in efficiency technology and cost effectiveness, renewable energies have the potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, thus counterbalancing anthropogenic changes to the global climate, contributing to social and economic development and moving each country toward a clean energy future.
Topological superconductivity in carbon nanotubes with a small magnetic flux
Creators: name: Lesser, Omri
name: Shavit, Gal
name: Oreg, Yuval
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a one-dimensional topological superconductor can be realized in carbon nanotubes, using a relatively small magnetic field. Our analysis relies on the intrinsic curvature-enhanced spin-orbit coupling of the nanotubes, as well as on the orbital effect of a magnetic flux threaded through the nanotube. Tuning experimental parameters, we show that a half-metallic state may be induced in the nanotube. Coupling the system to an Ising superconductor, with an appreciable spin-triplet component, can then drive the nanotube into a topological superconducting phase. The proposed scheme is investigated by means of real-space tight-binding simulations, accompanied by an effective continuum low-energy theory, which allows us to gain some insight on the roles of different terms in the Hamiltonian. We calculate the topological phase diagram and ascertain the existence of localized Majorana zero modes near the edges. Moreover, we find that in the absence of a magnetic field, a regime exists where sufficiently strong interactions drive the system into a time-reversal-invariant topological superconducting phase.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Prospective monitoring of imaging guideline adherence by physicians in a surgical collaborative: comparison of statistical process control methods for detecting outlying performance
Creators: name: Inadomi, Michael
name: Karandeep Singh
name: Qi, Ji
name: Dunn, Rodney
name: Linsell, Susan
name: Denton, Brian
name: Hurley, Patrick
name: Kleer, Eduardo
name: Montie, James
name: Ghani, Khurshid R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Supplemental Methods. Contains further detailed discussion of relevant statistical process control methods and Monte Carlo simulation
The Intense Radiation Gas
Creators: name: Marklund, M.
name: Shukla, P. K.
name: Eliasson, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new dispersion relation for photons that are nonlinearly interacting with a radiation gas of arbitrary intensity due to photon-photon scattering. It is found that the photon phase velocity decreases with increasing radiation intensity, it and attains a minimum value in the limit of super-intense fields. By using Hamilton's ray equations, a self-consistent kinetic theory for interacting photons is formulated. The interaction between an electromagnetic pulse and the radiation gas is shown to produce pulse self-compression and nonlinear saturation. Implications of our new results are discussed.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, version to appear in Europhys. Lett
The doctrine of intergenerational equity in global environmental governance
Creators: name: Collins, Lynda
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In the absence of binding international enforcement mechanisms, global environmental governance must rely on a legal framework that has widespread normative force around the world. In particular, any framework for global environmental governance must be consistent with two dominant organizing principles in human societies, those of Rights and Responsibility. In addition, such a framework should be sufficiently detailed and pragmatic to allow for effective implementation, should achieve the goal of environmental protection, and should be reasonable in terms of the level of sacrifice expected of the present generation (particularly in the developing world). This Thesis argues that the comprehensive doctrine of intergenerational equity is an effective and appropriate legal framework for global environmental governance. The doctrine of intergenerational equity posits the present generation of humans as simultaneously beneficiaries of the planetary legacy handed down from past generations, and trustees of that legacy for the future. The doctrine integrates the language of rights and responsibility, and incorporates viable implementation mechanisms. As a result, the doctrine of intergenerational equity is superior to the presently hegemonic paradigm of sustainable development. I conclude that the international community should adopt the doctrine of intergenerational equity as a framework for global environmental governance.
Predicting the orbifold origin of the MSSM
Creators: name: Parr, Erik
name: Vaudrevange, Patrick K. S.
name: Wimmer, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MSSM-like string models from the compactification of the heterotic string on toroidal orbifolds (of the kind $T^6/P$) have distinct phenomenological properties, like the spectrum of vector-like exotics, the scale of supersymmetry breaking, and the existence of non-Abelian flavor symmetries. We show that these characteristics depend crucially on the choice of the underlying orbifold point group $P$. In detail, we use boosted decision trees to predict $P$ from phenomenological properties of MSSM-like orbifold models. As this works astonishingly well, we can utilize machine learning to predict the orbifold origin of the MSSM.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures
The Replica Method and Toda Lattice Equations for QCD_3
Creators: name: Andersson, T.
name: Damgaard, P. H.
name: Splittorff, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the epsilon-regime of QCD in 3 dimensions. It is shown that the leading term of the effective partition function satisfies a set of Toda lattice equations, recursive in the number of flavors. Taking the replica limit of these Toda equations allows us to derive the microscopic spectral correlation functions for the QCD Dirac operator in 3 dimensions. For an even number of flavors we reproduce known results derived using other techniques. In the case of an odd number of flavors the theory has a severe sign problem, and we obtain previously unknown microscopic spectral correlation functions.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures
Representability of relatively free affine algebras over a Noetherian ring
Creators: name: Kanel-Belov, Alexei
name: Rowen, Louis
name: Vishne, Uzi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 16R10, 16R40, 16W10, Secondary: 16G20, 17B50, 17C05

description: Over the years questions have arisen about T-ideals of (noncommutative) polynomials. But when evaluating a noncentral polynomial in subalgebras of matrices, one often has little control in determining the specific evaluations of the polynomial. One way of overcoming this difficulty in characteristic 0, is to reduce to multilinear polynomials and utilizing the representation theory of the symmetric group. But this technique is unavailable in characteristic $p>0$.
 An alternative method, which succeeds, is the process of ``hiking'' a polynomial, in which one specializes its indeterminates in several stages, to obtain a polynomial that contains Capelli polynomials, in order to get control on its evaluations. This method was utilized on homogeneous polynomials in the proof of Specht's conjecture for affine algebras over fields of positive characteristic. In this paper we develop hiking further to nonhomogeneous polynomials, to apply to the representability question. Kemer proved in 1988 that every affine relatively free PI algebra over an infinite field, is representable. In 2010, the first author of this paper proved more generally that every affine relatively free PI algebra over any commutative Noetherian unital ring is representable. We present a different, complete, proof, based on hiking nonhomogeneous polynomials, over finite fields. We then obtain the full result over a Noetherian commutative ring, using Noetherian induction on T-ideals.
 The bulk of the proof is for the case of a base field of positive characteristic. Here, whereas the usage of hiking is more direct than in proving Specht's conjecture, one must consider nonhomogeneous polynomials when the base ring is finite, which entails certain difficulties to be overcome.
 In the appendix we show how hiking can be adapted to prove the involutory versions, as well as various graded and nonassociative theorems.
description: 30 pp. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1805.04450
Parabolic diamond scanning probes for single spin magnetic field imaging
Creators: name: Hedrich, N.
name: Rohner, D.
name: Batzer, M.
name: Maletinsky, P.
name: Shields, B. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Enhancing the measurement signal from solid state quantum sensors such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is an important problem for sensing and imaging of condensed matter systems. Here we engineer diamond scanning probes with a truncated parabolic profile that optimizes the photonic signal from single embedded NV centers, forming a high-sensitivity probe for nanoscale magnetic field imaging. We develop a scalable fabrication procedure based on dry etching with a flowable oxide mask to reliably produce a controlled tip curvature. The resulting parabolic tip shape yields a median saturation count rate of 2.1 $\pm$ 0.2 MHz, the highest reported for single NVs in scanning probes to date. Furthermore, the structures operate across the full NV photoluminescence spectrum, emitting into a numerical aperture of 0.46 and the end-facet of the truncated tip, located near the focus of the parabola, allows for small NV-sample spacings and nanoscale imaging. We demonstrate the excellent properties of these diamond scanning probes by imaging ferromagnetic stripes with a spatial resolution better than 50 nm. Our results mark a 5-fold improvement in measurement signal over the state-of-the art in scanning-probe based NV sensors.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Quelle place pour la production agricole dans un contexte de migration et diversification des activités ? Dynamique du Bassin arachidier du Sénégal.
Creators: name: Bignebat, Céline
name: Sakho-Jimbira, Maam Suwadu
name: Bignebat, Céline
name: Sakho-Jimbira, Maam Suwadu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
International Development

description: La part principale du revenu de nombreux pays de l’Afrique subsaharienne est d’origine agricole. Pourtant le poids des activités non agricoles augmente, y compris en zones rurales. Le cas du Sénégal montre une orientation forte vers ces sources de revenus hors agriculture, emplois non agricoles locaux et migrations. Du point de vue national, cette évolution influence la capacité du pays à nourrir, de manière autonome, sa population. Nous avons collecté des données en 2006 et 2007 sur le comportement des familles présentes sur les exploitations agricoles du Bassin arachidier. Cette région traditionnellement agricole subit de fortes pressions agro-écologiques et de débouché de sa production. L’analyse montre que la migration nationale ou internationale de jeunes gens suit une logique familiale et est développée dans la zone à moindre potentiel agricole. La place d’activités individuelles non agricoles, complémentaires et nourrissant la production agricole locale, est plus importante dans la zone à plus fort potentiel agricole. L’accumulation du capital tiré des revenus individuels ne semble donc pas être une stratégie de préparation de la migration, par nature coûteuse et entraînant un désengagement hors de l’agriculture.
Evaluation d’une réforme de la politique alimentaire : le cas du système égyptien
Creators: name: Thomas, Alban
name: Thomas, Alban
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Development

description: Les subventions aux produits alimentaires constituent l’une des politiques envisagées pour protéger le bien-être des consommateurs des hausses de prix des denrées alimentaires, en particulier lorsque des importations alimentaires ou agricoles doivent pallier l’insuffisance de la production locale. Le cas de l’Egypte est particulièrement intéressant à cet égard, ce pays ayant mis en place un système de subvention et de rationnement de denrées de base depuis plus de 50 ans, tout en étant l’un des premiers importateurs mondiaux de céréales. Afin d’évaluer l’impact potentiel d’une réforme du système égyptien de subvention à la consommation des ménages, il est nécessaire de représenter la demande alimentaire de ces derniers en distinguant les produits selon leur mode d’accès : marché local « libre » ou prix subventionné, quota individuel ou absence de rationnement. Nous modélisons la demande de produits alimentaires par un système mixte permettant la prise en compte d’un rationnement et/ou la subvention de certains produits dans le cas égyptien. Les estimations des élasticités prix et revenu pour un ensemble de biens alimentaires sont ensuite utilisées pour simuler l’impact d’un abandon de la politique de subvention pour plusieurs de ces produits, sous différents scénarios de hausse des prix des denrées agricoles importées. Les résultats montrent que les ménages ruraux situés dans les catégories les moins favorisées de la population égyptienne seraient les plus affectés par un abandon des subventions sur les produits de première nécessité (farine, pain, huile, etc.)
$P_{n}$-induced-saturated graphs exist for all $n \geq 6$
Creators: name: Dvořák, Vojtěch
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C75

description: Let $P_{n}$ be a path graph on $n$ vertices. We say that a graph $G$ is $P_{n}$-induced-saturated if $G$ contains no induced copy of $P_{n}$, but deleting any edge of $G$ as well as adding to $G$ any edge of $G^{c}$ creates such a copy. Martin and Smith (2012) showed that there is no $P_{4}$-induced-saturated graph. On the other hand, there trivially exist $P_{n}$-induced-saturated graphs for $n=2,3$. Axenovich and Csikós (2019) ask for which integers $n \geq 5$ do there exist $P_{n}$-induced-saturated graphs. Räty (2019) constructed such a graph for $n=6$, and Cho, Choi and Park (2019) later constructed such graphs for all $n=3k$ for $k \geq 2$. We show by a different construction that $P_{n}$-induced-saturated graphs exist for all $n \geq 6$, leaving only the case $n=5$ open.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures; added note about the case n=5 being solved in previously unpublished work of different authors
Explaining the optimistic performance evaluation of newly proposed methods: a cross-design validation experiment
Creators: name: Nießl, Christina
name: Hoffmann, Sabine
name: Ullmann, Theresa
name: Boulesteix, Anne-Laure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The constant development of new data analysis methods in many fields of research is accompanied by an increasing awareness that these new methods often perform better in their introductory paper than in subsequent comparison studies conducted by other researchers. We attempt to explain this discrepancy by conducting a systematic experiment that we call "cross-design validation of methods". In the experiment, we select two methods designed for the same data analysis task, reproduce the results shown in each paper, and then re-evaluate each method based on the study design (i.e., data sets, competing methods, and evaluation criteria) that was used to show the abilities of the other method. We conduct the experiment for two data analysis tasks, namely cancer subtyping using multi-omic data and differential gene expression analysis. Three of the four methods included in the experiment indeed perform worse when they are evaluated on the new study design, which is mainly caused by the different data sets. Apart from illustrating the many degrees of freedom existing in the assessment of a method and their effect on its performance, our experiment suggests that the performance discrepancies between original and subsequent papers may not only be caused by the non-neutrality of the authors proposing the new method but also by differences regarding the level of expertise and field of application.
The Central 300 pc of the Galaxy probed by infrared spectra of H3+ and CO: II. Expansion and morphology of the warm diffuse gas
Creators: name: Oka, Takeshi
name: Geballe, T. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Velocity profiles of a line of H$_3^+$ at 3.7 $μ$m produced in warm diffuse gas have been observed toward 18 stars in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) of the Galaxy. Their longitude-velocity diagram indicates that the gas is radially expanding within the CMZ at speeds up to a maximum of $\sim$150 km s$^{-1}$. The current momentum and energy in the gas are $\sim 5 \times 10^8 M_\odot$ km s$^{-1}$ and $\sim 5\times 10^{53}$ erg. The motion is similar to that of the Expanding Molecular Ring (EMR) discovered in 1972 by Kaifu et al. and by Scoville. We propose that the expanding gas seen in H$_3^+$ is part of the same phenomenon, in spite of differences in estimates of density, morphology, and degree of rotation. The outward motion suggests that one or more ejection events occurred near the center of the CMZ (0.5$-$1) $\times$ 10$^6$ years ago, which may be related to creation of the recently observed microwave bubble. These observations revive the circular face-on view of the CMZ proposed in 1972, which fell out of favor after 1991 when Binney et al. proposed that a face-on view of the CMZ would show it to have an elliptical shape, with high eccentricity. While that model may apply on kiloparsec scales, we argue that it is incorrect to apply it to the much smaller CMZ. We discuss the fate of the expanding gas, which appears to be eventual infall into the center, leading to episodes of star formation and violent events associated with accretion onto Sgr~A$^\ast$.
description: 21 pages incl. 12 figures and 1 table; accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. Minor typos corrected in this version
The implementation of elementary professional learning communities: a mixed methods study
Creators: name: Kane, Melissa Edwards
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2024

description: Twenty-first century teachers need to be adaptable and open to change in order to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse student population. As such, professional development that supports teachers’ continuous growth is vital. One of the most promising forms of professional development that provides teachers with ongoing opportunities for collaboration and critical reflection are professional learning communities (PLCs) (Dufour, 2014; Owen, 2015; Tam, 2015; Vescio et al., 2008; Wells & Feun, 2013). While there is evidence of the potential of PLCs to improve the quality of instruction in schools, the favorable outcomes of PLCs are dependent on their implementation. This mixed methods study examined PLC implementation in one New Jersey school district to inform how it might be improved. This study also aimed to learn about stakeholders’ perceptions of PLC practices and to compare these perceptions with DuFour et al.’s (2010) critical attributes of effective PLCs. By merging quantitative survey data with qualitative interview data, two cases were selected and compared to gain an understanding of the factors mediating PLC implementation. Data analysis revealed two themes: 1.) principal leadership is crucial to developing effective PLCs and includes providing supportive structures for collaboration and granting teachers the autonomy to direct their PLCs, 2.) PLC teams need to establish collaborative cultures through structured accountability, trusting relationships and engagement in collective inquiry. The implications of these findings for the school district include supporting principals in leading PLCs through ongoing professional development, developing a repository of PLC materials in the district to support teachers in developing collaborative PLCs, encouraging teacher leadership and principal-teacher collaboration through formal structures and yearly evaluation of district PLCs. Implications of these findings are also considered for principal preparation in higher education. Keywords: professional learning communities, teacher leadership, distributed leadership; collaboration
Heavy Quarkonium π^+π^- Transitions and a Possible b\bar{b}q\bar{q} State
Creators: name: Guo, F. -K.
name: Shen, P. -N.
name: Chiang, H. -C.
name: Ping, R. -G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $π^+π^-$ transitions of heavy quarkonia, especially the $ Υ(3S)\toΥ(1S)π^+π^-$ decay process, are revisited. In the framework of the Chiral Unitary Theory (ChUT), the $S$ wave $ππ$ final state interaction (FSI) is included. It is found that when an additional intermediate state with $J^P=1^+$ and I=1 is introduced, not only the $ ππ$ invariant mass spectrum and the $cosθ_π^*$ distribution in the $Υ(3S)\toΥ(1S)π^+π^-$ process can simultaneously be well-explained, but also a consistent description for other bottomonia $ π^+π^-$ transitions can be obtained. As a consequence, the mass and the width of the intermediate state are predicted. From the quark content analysis, this state should be a $b\bar bq\bar q$ state.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures; misprints corrected
Quantum precision limits of displacement noise free interferometers
Creators: name: Gefen, Tuvia
name: Tarafder, Rajashik
name: Adhikari, Rana X.
name: Chen, Yanbei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current laser-interferometric gravitational wave detectors suffer from a fundamental limit to their precision due to the displacement noise of optical elements contributed by various sources. Several schemes for Displacement-Noise Free Interferometers (DFI) have been proposed to mitigate their effects. The idea behind these schemes is similar to decoherence-free subspaces in quantum sensing i.e. certain modes contain information about the gravitational waves but are insensitive to the mirror motion (displacement noise). In this paper, we derive quantum precision limits for general DFI schemes, including optimal measurement basis and optimal squeezing schemes. We introduce a triangular cavity DFI scheme and apply our general bounds to it. Precision analysis of this scheme with different noise models shows that the DFI property leads to interesting sensitivity profiles and improved precision due to noise mitigation and larger gain from squeezing.
Additional file 1 of Too young for Cannabis? Choice of minimum legal age for legalized non-medical Cannabis in Canada
Creators: name: Nguyen, Hai V.
name: Bornstein, Stephen
name: John-Michael Gamble
name: Mathews, Maria
name: Bishop, Lisa
name: Mital, Shweta
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary materials.
Des subventions provisoires d’intrants ont des impacts durables sur l’adoption technologique et la pauvreté au Mozambique
Creators: name: Carter, Michael R.
name: Laajaj, Rachid
name: Yang, Dean
name: Carter, Michael R.
name: Laajaj, Rachid
name: Yang, Dean
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Development
Production Economics

description: La Révolution verte a généré des gains substantiels de productivité agricole, en grande partie grâce à l’introduction des semences améliorées et des engrais. Cependant, de 1960 à 2000, l’Afrique subsaharienne a largement été exclue de ces gains de productivité. En 2009, l’utilisation des engrais dans cette région du monde atteignait en moyenne seulement 13 kg par hectare, contre 94 kg par hectare dans les autres pays en développement. Motivés par cette disparité, de nombreux pays d’Afrique subsaharienne ont entrepris ce qui est peut-être le développement le plus important dans la politique agricole au cours de la dernière décennie : des programmes de subvention d’intrants à grande échelle visant à accroître l’utilisation des engrais et autres intrants agricoles modernes. Dans les dix pays africains qui appliquent des programmes de subvention des intrants, les dépenses en 2011 se sont élevées à 1,05 milliards de dollars (824 millions d’euros), ou 28,6 % des dépenses publiques en agriculture (Jayne et Rashid, 2013). Quel est l’impact de ces subventions sur l’utilisation d’intrants, la production agricole et le bien-être des producteurs? Ces impacts perdurent-ils après une subvention provisoire? Pour répondre à ces questions, ce travail sur les résultats d’une expérimentation mise en place durant les cinq dernières années au Mozambique explore l’impact de court et moyen terme d’une subvention offerte pendant une saison, à un échantillon de 514 ménages. Alors que seulement 40 % de ceux qui ont reçu les coupons de subvention les ont utilisés, ces coupons ont des répercussions importantes sur l’utilisation d’engrais à la fois pendant et après la période de subvention. Les coupons ont également des effets importants et durables sur la production agricole, la consommation et d’autres mesures du bien-être économique des ménages. Nous observons également des retombées importantes sur le voisinage des bénéficiaires, avec des investissements et des bénéfices conséquents parmi ceux qui appartiennent au réseau social des bénéficiaires du coupon.