Anacroneuria holzenthali Stark 1998
Creators: name: Gutiérrez-Fonseca, Pablo E.
name: Springer, Monika
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Anacroneuria
Anacroneuria holzenthali

description: Anacroneuria holzenthali Stark, 1998   
Figs. 9–11  
 Description. Body length: 9–13 mm. Head (Fig. 9): brown forward of ocelli, with pale, well-defined m- line and pale anterior frontoclypeus; often with pale spots on the outer side of the ocelli. Pronotum: rectangular; brown with pale median stripe. Surface covered with fine short setae, lacking bristles. Margins completely fringed with short thick bristles, somewhat variable in length. Meso- and Metanotum: pale irregular spots around the midline; wing pads dark when well developed. Dorsal surfaces covered with fine short setae, and scattered thick bristles; welldefined anterior and lateral lines of thick bristles. Margins completely fringed with short thick bristles, somewhat variable in length. Foreleg (Fig. 10): dorsal surfaces covered with fine short setae, except for hairless median bar and basal posterior triangle-shaped area on femur. Posterior margin with dense fringe of long setae. Femur dorsally with well-defined transverse row of ≥10 long, thick spines; scattered short and medium-sized spines on dorsal surface; basal posterior patch of very small spines along margin, reaching transverse row of long spines. Ventral posterior-lateral area of coxa with irregular patch of 10 small, thick spines (Fig. 11).   
 Distribution. Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua.   
 Local distribution (Fig. 12): Lowland and middle elevation streams on both Pacific and Caribbean slopes, within a wide range of altitude, reaching up to 2600 m asl. Together with A. marca, this species has one of the most widespread local distributions of all Costa Rican species.   
 Reared specimens. San José: Quebrada sin nombre, San Jerónimo por puente de la lechería, Moravia, ii.2008, Gutiérrez, 3 3; Alajuela: Quebrada sin nombre, trib. río Zapote, Upala, 300 m, 24.viii.2008, Gutiérrez, 2 3; Quebrada sin nombre, afluente río Pizote, Upala, 323 m, 24.viii.2008, Gutiérrez, 2 3; Afluente Río Oro, Upala 233 m, 24.viii.2008, Gutiérrez, 3 Ƥ; Río Grande del Gallo, Venecia, viii.2008, Gutiérrez, 2 Ƥ; Río Los Negritos, 446 m, Venecia, viii.2008, Gutiérrez, 3 Ƥ; Río Celeste, Venecia, viii.2008, Gutiérrez, 2 Ƥ; Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes, San Ramón, 800 m, ix.2008, Gutiérrez, 1 3; Quebrada sin nombre, El Ángel, near Laguna Hule, 750 m, vi.2007, Gutiérrez, 1 3; Cartago: Río San Pedro, El Poró, Turrialba, 900 m, several dates (2007–2008), Gutiérrez, 27 3, 29 Ƥ; Quebrada sin nombre Turrialba, 900 m, several dates 2008, Gutiérrez, 3 3, 6 Ƥ; Río Javillos, cerca unión con Río Reventazón, Turrialba, 470 m, viii.2007, Gutiérrez, 2 Ƥ; Heredia: Río Chirripó, Sarapiquí, 350 m, 23.vii.2008, Gutiérrez, 2 Ƥ; Puntarenas: Quebrada Beneficio, Barranca, 500 m, several dates 2007– 2008, Gutiérrez, 1 3, 15 Ƥ; Río Piedras Blancas, Piedras Blancas, San Vito, 50 m, iii.2008, B. Pacheco, 1 3, 1 Ƥ.   
 Additional material examined. San José: Quebr. Grande, Matastal, Puriscal, 28.v.2005, R. Chaves, 2 Ƥ; Cataratas Chirraca, San Ignacio de Acosta, 1100 m, 09.x.2005, E. Arroyo, 1 Ƥ; Quebrada La Dicha, Aguas Buenas, Reserva Biológica El Comelio, Acosta, 1200 m, 15.xi.2005, P. Calderón, 2 Ƥ; same 17.ix.2005, 1 Ƥ; Quebrada Chiquita, Estación Biológica Cuericí, Cerro de La Muerte, 2600 m, 27.ii.1997, WordClass-UCR students, 1 3, 5 Ƥ; Quebrada por Colegio Agropecuario, Santiago de Puriscal, Barrio San Isidro, 1100 m, 12.x.1990, E. Quesada, 1 3, 1 Ƥ; Río Agres, San Antonio de Escazú, 1500 m, iv.1995, C. Flores, 1 3; Río Poás, Desamparados, 27.vii.1995, M. Peinador, 1 Ƥ; Alajuela: Río San Lorencito, San Ramón, Estación Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes, 850 m, x.1998, UCR students, 1 3; same, iii.1995, R. Rodríguez, 1 3; same, 13.ix.1996, N. Franz, 2 Ƥ; same, 10.x.1998, UCR students, 4 3, 2 Ƥ; same, 23.xi.1996, M. Springer, 2 3, 3 Ƥ; same, 30.xii.1998, PennState Univ. Students, 10 3, 10 Ƥ; same, 30.xii.2000, PennState Univ. Students, 14 3, 2 Ƥ; same, 18.ix.2001, M. Springer & Ulm Univ. Students, 4 3, 4 Ƥ; same 2.iii.2002, R. Acosta, 2 3, 7 Ƥ; same, 17.x.2002, J. Ortiz, 2 3; same, 8.xii.2003, J. Ortiz, 1 m; same, no date, G. Chaverri, 3 3, 2 Ƥ; same, 25.ix.2005, A. Castillo, 8 3, 1 Ƥ; Río Las Musas, San Ramón 900 m, 4.x.2003, P. Gutiérrez, 1 Ƥ; same, 31.viii.2003, A. Y. Jimenéz & J. Vindas, 3 3, 6 Ƥ; Río Ciruelas, upstream, primary forest, 900 m, 2.x.1998, G. Chaverri, 3 3, 1 Ƥ; Río La Vieja, PH Chocosuela, 50 m arriba, San Carlos, 730 m, 9.iii.2001, Springer, 1 3; same, 4.xii.2001, Springer, 1 3; Río Purgatorio, Santo Domingo, San Carlos, 300 m, vii.2006, E. Martínez & Y. Astorga, 1 Ƥ; Heredia: Curso de agua junto a Río Sarapiquí, Sarapiquí, 900 m, 25.viii.2005, B. Pacheco, 6 3, 1 Ƥ; Quebrada El Salto, Est. Biol. La Selva, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, 50 m, 28.vi.1996, OTS students, 1 Ƥ; same, vi.1997, OTS students, 4 3, 8 Ƥ; Río Chorreras, Los Cartagos, 1800 m, 3.xii.2000, L. López, 1 3; Cartago: Río Tiribi, La Unión, 1780 m, 20.viii.1998, R. Mora, 1 Ƥ; Trib. Río Colorado, El Poró Turrialba, 850 m, 9.xii.2003, Gutiérrez, 2 Ƥ; Quebrada sin nombre, posa bajo catarata, Reserva Biológica Copal, Pejibaye Jiménez, 1200 m, 18.ix.2005, C. Lizano, 1 Ƥ; Río Paéz, Orosí, Paraíso, 1250 m, 15.xi.1998, C. Guillen, 1 Ƥ; Limón: Río Costa Rica, Pococí, Guápiles, 230 m, 14.xi.2005, E. Arroyo, 1 Ƥ; Guanacaste: Quebrada en la entrada, Reserva Cacao, ACG, 1200 m, 4.x.1998, Springer, 1 3, 2 Ƥ; Puntarenas: Río Bellavista, Estación Biológica Las Alturas, San Vito, 1500 m, 11.xi.1992, Springer, 1 3; Río Jaba, Las Cruces, San Vito, abajo represa, 1070 m, iv.1997, N. Powell, 1 3; same, abajo beneficio La Meseta, 1 Ƥ; same, Finca Gamboa, secondary forest, iii. 1997, 2 3, 1 Ƥ; same, Estación Las Cruces, 1200 m, 10.x.1999, Springer, 3 3; Río Sonador, Longo Mai, Buenos Aires, 550 m, 23.vii.1998, A. Nunn, 2 3; Quebrada Junco, Pérez Zeledón, 590 m, 7.x.2005, F. Ruiz, 1 3; Río Guacimal, Monteverde, 1400 m, iv.2001, A. Burgin, 2 Ƥ; Río Cañaza, Golfito, 10 m, v.1999, T. Hermanson & J. Steffen, 2 3; Río La Gamba, parte arriba, Golfito, 75 m, v.1999, J. Hansen, 1 3, 1 Ƥ; Quebrada Cañaza, arriba, Golfito, 50 m, v.1999, J. Hansen, 1 Ƥ; Quebrada La Cañaza, Golfito, 50 m, 15.i.1999, Springer, 1 3, 3 Ƥ.   
 Habitat and substratum. Submerged leaf litter packs and underneath rocks of medium size in strong current; in streams and rivers of various sizes in forested areas, but also in coffee plantations. Inhabits streams across a wide range of altitudes.   
 Diagnosis. The nymph of A. holzenthali is very similar to A. benedettoi and A. divisa in color pattern, shape and size (Fig. 9), but in A. benedettoi and A. holzenthali the transverse row of spines on the femur is composed of more spines (>10) (Fig. 10), than in A. divisa (≤9). The only difference that could be found to distinguish A. holzenthali from A. benedettoi consists of the patch of small spines ventrally on the coxa, which is arranged in a welldefined row in A. benedettoi, while forming an irregular patch in A. holzenthali (Fig. 11).
description: Published as part of Gutiérrez-Fonseca, Pablo E. & Springer, Monika, 2011, Description of the final instar nymphs of seven species from Anacroneuria Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlidae) in Costa Rica, and first record for an additional genus in Central America, pp. 16-38 in Zootaxa 2965 on pages 23-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278201