cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Reduction of autoxidative fouling rates on aerospace alloys via oleophobic surface modifications
Creators: name: Francis, Blair N
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2022
Subjects: Aerospace engineering not elsewhere classified
Aerospace materials

description: Demand ever increases for clean-burning, high-efficiency, and power-dense jet engines. This demand raises the thermal requirements and stresses on fuel systems for every new generation of gas turbine engine. Fuel is used to cool subsystems such as engine oil, pumps, electronics, valves, etc. resulting in elevated fuel temperatures upstream of combustor nozzles. Carbonaceous deposits or fouling occurs if the wetted wall temperature is elevated sufficiently, especially at fuel nozzle tips where temperatures are maximized. Fouling within fuel nozzles diminish atomization performance producing incomplete combustion, instability, and polluting byproducts. Therefore, the industry seeks strategies to mitigate carbon deposition without reducing the thermal requirements placed on the fuel. Existing carbon mitigation techniques rely on coating the fuel-wetted surfaces in an inert layer via anodic oxidation, chemical vapor deposition, etc. In this proposal, we aim to investigate a novel approach: inducing the lotus effect (heterogenous wetting) along the walls of fuel passageways. The lotus effect minimizes wetting area along a liquid-solid interface using a highly ordered set of micro or nano features with weak interfacial energy resulting in the liquid only wetting the peaks of said features. We hypothesized that the combination of a chemically inert surface with reduced wetting area diminishes the opportunity for deposit to form. The mitigating effect can be enhanced by the thermal insulation provided by the vapor or gas pockets trapped between the liquid-solid interface, passively reducing the thermal loading of the fuel. As a preliminary step, we produced the lotus effect on multiple aerospace alloys such as Inconel 718, stainless steel 304, and pure titanium via electrochemical etching and surface modification. We then exposed treated tubes to fuel under fouling-favorable conditions to compare their relative deposition rates. Our results indicate that the lotus effect loses stability at pressures well below those used in practical applications. However, the electrochemical etch we developed consistently produced negligible deposit where it would typically be maximized. Depending on if the surface is etched, FAS17 (a perfluoroalkyl silane used to generate superphobicity) can act to encourage or discourage carbon deposition. We determined that the electrochemical etch or FAS17 alone may be a method to mitigate carbon deposition regardless of the wetting behavior
Advancing Understory Redevelopment in Forest Reclamation and the Role of Seedling Quality
Creators: Hynes, Brittany E
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

The redevelopment of understories is an often-overlooked aspect of forest restoration following anthropogenic disturbances. In my research I explored the feasibility of actively restoring forest understories through seedling planting. First, I examined the quality of nursery-grown boreal shrub seedlings by testing whether seedling quality attributes that are commonly used to evaluate tree seedlings and their outplanting performance can be applied to shrubs. I followed this up with a field trial where I monitored the survival and growth of nine shrub species that were outplanted onto seven different sites that varied in age since reclamation, canopy tree species, and edaphic conditions. The attributes I selected to evaluate the quality of the shrub seedlings largely did not correlate with performance when seedlings were grown under non-limiting (no stress) conditions and survival was generally very high, except for two species which showed evidence of poor overall seedling quality. This finding suggests that, for some species, nursery cultural protocols need to change in order to produce better planting stock. It was evidenced from the outplanting experiment that larger seedlings typically perform better when exposed to reclamation site conditions. However, when planted in the field and exposed to various environmental stressors, it became clear that site conditions had the greatest influence on seedling performance. Interestingly, understory shrub seedlings survived and grew best on the young reclamation sites that had no tree canopy but also lacked competitive vegetation. While this early response is encouraging for shrub seedling establishment, it might not reflect the ability of these plants to maintain themselves as competitive conditions quickly develop on these sites, negatively impacting subsequent growth and survival. For example, seedlings that were planted on somewhat older (11-16 years) and more competitive reclamation sites experienced the highest mortality. In contrast, seedlings that were planted on older reclamation sites (> 30 years) where a closed tree canopy had developed, survival was high, although growth was slightly

reduced compared to the young, open sites, which is likely a reflection of the growing conditions of the understory environment. This study is one of the first to explore active understory redevelopment on reclamation sites and provides crucial observations and information for forest restoration practices that expand beyond tree establishment.
Bound state spectrum of the triplet states in the Be atom
Creators: name: Frolov, Alexei M.
name: Ruiz, Maria Belen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bound state spectrum of the low-lying triplet states in the Be atom is investigated. In particular, we perform accurate computations of the bound triplet $S$, $P$, $D$, $F$, $G$, $H$ and $I$ states in the Be atom. The results of these calculations are employed to draw the spectral diagram which contains the energy levels of the triplet states. Based on our computational results we can observe transitions from the low-lying bound states to the weakly-bound Rydberg states. For the $2^3S$, $3^3S$ and $4^3S$ states in the Be atom we also determine a number of bound states properties.
Impacts of Model Choice in XAI
Creators: Alexander, Graham
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

Explainable artificial intelligence models are becoming increasingly important as restrictions grow for corporate use of blackbox models whose predictions affect people’s lives and yet cannot be interpreted. Black boxes do not convey

trust to end-users and are difficult to train and debug for developers.

Model agnostic explanation methods, like SHAP [23], can be used post hoc to shed light on these blackbox predictions. With access to a model’s predictions, SHAP can generate scores for relative feature importance. This work focuses on explanations generated for Natural Language Processing (NLP) where the features that SHAP uses are words.

There are currently no generally accepted methods to generate explanations in NLP. However, SHAP can calculate importance scores for each word where the most important words can be taken as the explanation. SHAP should be structure-agnostic, meaning it should not be influenced by the number or types of layers in the model, it should only be influenced by the quality of the predition. Otherwise, SHAP predictions cannot be fairly compared across models because SHAP may be biased towards certain structures.

Importance scores from SHAP are converted to a mask to either include or ignore each word of the input, providing the generated explanation. The Eraser [10] dataset provides human annotated explanations for NLP tasks that can be used as a gold standard by comparing them to the explanations generated by SHAP. An F1 score can then be used as a notion of the quality of the explanation by comparing the generated explanation to the human annotated explanation.

This work investigates whether the quality of explanations generated by SHAP is structure agnostic. Using a dataset with ground truth explanations in a sentiment analysis task, we compare the SHAP output across different types

of models. Our main finding is that CNN models using intrinsic explanation underperformed CNN models without intrinsic explanation, while having nearly identical accuracy. These findings demonstrate that the underlying

model can impact SHAP’s performance and may favour certain structures of models.
Additional file 1 of Women’s experience of perinatal support in a high migrant Australian population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed methods study
Creators: name: Melov, Sarah J.
name: Galas, Nelma
name: Swain, Julie
name: Alahakoon, Thushari I.
name: Lee, Vincent
name: Cheung, N Wah
name: McGee, Therese
name: Pasupathy, Dharmintra
name: McNab, Justin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1
Exact and approximate solutions for the quantum minimum-Kullback-entropy estimation problem
Creators: name: Sparaciari, Carlo
name: Olivares, Stefano
name: Ticozzi, Francesco
name: Paris, Matteo G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The minimum Kullback entropy principle (mKE) is a useful tool to estimate quantum states and operations from incomplete data and prior information. In general, the solution of a mKE problem is analytically challenging and an approximate solution has been proposed and employed in different context. Recently, the form and a way to compute the exact solution for finite dimensional systems has been found, and a question naturally arises on whether the approximate solution could be an effective substitute for the exact solution, and in which regimes this substitution can be performed. Here, we provide a systematic comparison between the exact and the approximate mKE solutions for a qubit system when average data from a single observable are available. We address both mKE estimation of states and weak Hamiltonians, and compare the two solutions in terms of state fidelity and operator distance. We find that the approximate solution is generally close to the exact one unless the initial state is near an eigenstate of the measured observable. Our results provide a rigorous justification for the use of the approximate solution whenever the above condition does not occur, and extend its range of application beyond those situations satisfying the assumptions used for its derivation.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Using Associative Classifiers as a Surrogate for Explainability in Text Categorization
Creators: Alam Anik, Md Tanvir
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

Giving reasons for justifying the decisions made by classification models has received less attention in recent artificial intelligence breakthroughs than improving the accuracy of the models. Recently, AI researchers are paying more attention to filling this gap, leading to the introduction of the emerging topic of explainable AI (XAI). XAI is a field of artificial intelligence that aims to create more transparent and understandable AI systems. A form of XAI approach called ``model-independent explanations" aims to offer explanations without requiring the internals of a trained model.

This study presents BARBE for text, a technique that can explain the decisions made by any black-box classifier for text datasets with a high degree of precision, without relying on information about the internal architecture of the model. A probability score from the black-box classifier is not necessary in order to use BARBE. In addition, BARBE offers explanations in two distinct formats: firstly, the generation of rules; secondly, the importance score for salient features. Because they more closely match human intuition, rules are seen to be a superior explanation method. Additionally, BARBE makes use of association rules. An association rule is in the form of ``if X then Y," which means that if X occurs, then the likelihood of Y occurring increases as well. BARBE not only provides a single rule but also provides a set of rules where each rule may contain a conjunction of features. In this study, we introduce two different versions of BARBE and illustrate their capability to effectively generate explanations for sentences of varying lengths. We propose a data augmentation technique for BARBE that can generate more meaningful rules as the explanation.

Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of BARBE in generating explanations for detecting cyberbullying in the context of a resource-constrained language. The experimental analysis shows that BARBE outperforms other XAI frameworks in generating more convincing explanations for resource-constrained language. This is a significant finding as it demonstrates the potential of BARBE as a tool for improving the explainability of machine learning models trained using formal and informal embedding, even in contexts where data is limited or constrained.
Modified saddle-point integral near singularity for the large deviation function
Creators: name: Lee, Jae Sung
name: Kwon, Chulan
name: Park, Hyunggyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long-time-integrated quantities in stochastic processes, in or out of equilibrium, usually exhibit rare but huge fluctuations. Work or heat production is such a quantity, of which the probability distribution function displays an exponential decay characterized by the large deviation function (LDF). The LDF is often deduced from the cumulant generating function through the inverse Fourier transformation. The saddle-point integration method is a powerful technique to obtain the asymptotic results in the Fourier integral, but a special care should be taken when the saddle point is located near a singularity of the integrand. In this paper, we present a modified saddle-point method to handle such a difficulty efficiently. We investigate the dissipated and injected heat production in equilibration processes with various initial conditions, as an example, where the generating functions contain branch-cut singularities as well as power-law ones. Exploiting the new modified saddle-point integrations, we obtain the leading finite-time corrections for the LDF's, which are confirmed by numerical results.
description: 24 pages
Rare-Earth-Containing Chalcohalides and Intermetallics
Creators: Mumbaraddi, Dundappa
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

This thesis describes the synthesis, structures, and properties of two broad classes of inorganic solids, chalcohalides and intermetallics, with the common theme that they contain rare-earth (RE) elements, which belong to the set of critical minerals essential for many technological applications.

    Quaternary rare-earth chalcohalides RE–M–Ch–X (M = d- or p-block metal or metalloid, Ch = chalcogen, X = halogen) represent a growing family of mixed-anion compounds, which remain relatively scarce compared to conventional “single-anion” compounds such as oxides, but offer the possibility of greater control over physical properties.  Several series of compounds RE3Tt2Ch8I (RE = La, Ce, Pr; Tt = Si, Ge; Ch = S, Se) were prepared by direct combination of the elements at high temperatures.  By gradual substitution of different proportions of Tt or Ch components in solid solutions of these semiconducting compounds, the band gap can be tuned within a range of 1.9 to 3.6 eV.  The Ce-containing members exhibit blue luminescence, making them suitable candidates for applications in phosphor-converted white light emitting diodes.  The emission behaviour can be controlled by changing the crystal field environment of Ch vs. I anions around the luminescent Ce3+ centres within these compounds.

    Ternary rare-earth intermetallics RE–M–X (M = d-block metal; X = p-block metal or metalloid) have long been a rich source of quantum materials with exotic electrical and magnetic properties.  Nevertheless, many aspects of their chemistry, including synthesis, phase stability, crystal structures, and chemical bonding remain poorly systematized and understood.  Because reliable physical measurements depend on the availability of large single crystals or pure phase samples, efforts were made to apply flux methods for crystal growth of these compounds.  In particular, ternary gallides RE−M−Ga (RE = La, Ce, Yb) were prepared in a gallium self-flux, and they were examined against a previously proposed stability diagram which predicts formation of ternary intermetallic phases.  The new compound YbCu3Ga8 was discovered in this process, and the structure of YbNi3Ga9 was redetermined to resolve ambiguities in the literature.  As examples of polar intermetallics, these compounds were confirmed by electronic structure calculations to exhibit multicenter covalent bonding within the anionic Ga networks.  Similarly, crystal growth of ternary germanides REMGe (RE = Ce, Eu, Yb) was attempted in an indium flux to test a classification model.  Crystals of RECo2Ge2 and CeIr2Ge2 were obtained, the latter exhibiting polymorphism with structures in two different space groups.  The Yb-containing compounds Yb5Ir4Ge10 and Yb4Ir7Ge6 were also identified from the Yb−Ir−In−Ge reaction.
Additional file 1 of Does using the sociodental approach in oral health care influence use of dental services and oral health of adolescents living in deprived communities? a one-year follow up study
Creators: name: Gomes, Andressa Coelho
name: Vettore, Mario Vianna
name: Quadros, Larissa Neves
name: Rebelo, Maria Augusta Bessa
name: Rebelo Vieira, Janete Maria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Roles of Dry Friction in Fluctuating Motion of Adiabatic Piston
Creators: name: Sano, Tomohiko G.
name: Hayakawa, Hisao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The motion of an adiabatic piston under dry friction is investigated to clarify the roles of dry friction in non-equilibrium steady states. We clarify that dry friction can reverse the direction of the piston motion and causes a discontinuity or a cusp-like singularity for velocity distribution functions of the piston. We also show that the heat fluctuation relation is modified under dry friction.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Experimental investigation and modal analysis of the wake behind a flat-back Ahmed body
Creators: Chen, Chin Wang
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

To enhance the aerodynamic performance of a vehicle, a fundamental understanding of the flow is required. This can be achieved through flow characterization of simplified models such as the Ahmed body. However, uncertainties regarding the topology of flow motions in the wake persist due to the limitations of previous measurement and analysis methods. In this research, the three-dimensional wake flow behind a flat-back Ahmed body is investigated at ReH = 10,000, based on the freestream velocity and the height of the body, H. The flow was measured using planar and time-resolved tomographic particle image velocimetry measurements, and subsequently analyzed using two modal decomposition techniques.

The current proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis indicates that the most energetic flow motion is attributed to the well-known bi-stability, accounting for 9.1% of the total turbulent kinetic energy of the wake flow. It is followed by other flow motions with energy below 1.5%, such as vortex shedding. In the current study, the lack of temporal coherence in spatial patterns obtained from POD was addressed by employing its space-time formulation, known as spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD).

The coherent flow motions at each discrete StH within the range of 0.007 to 1.228 are characterized using SPOD analysis, where StH is the Strouhal number based on H. The analysis has discerned the known flow motions, including bi-stability, vortex shedding, and shear layer instability, each occupying a specific StH range. The bi-stability mode demonstrates the switching between two asymmetric states of the wake. Each asymmetric state is characterized by the presence of a skewed toroid vortex attached to a pair of vertically oriented counter-rotating streamwise vortices. The bistable motion also results in significant modifications to the separation bubble, which causes the separation bubble to enlarge and elongate in the streamwise direction. Furthermore, the results reveal that the vortex shedding mechanism and shear layer instability are primarily associated with the shedding of a pair of counter-rotating quasi-streamwise vortices and toroidal vortices, respectively. Additionally, a new type of motion, namely the swirling motion, is identified at StH between 0.014 and 0.123. Unlike the bi-stability mode, the swirling motion leads to the wake alternating between a symmetric and an asymmetric state. Its topology is characterized by two sets of counter-rotating streamwise structures that have varying orientations depending on the wake state. The swirling motion comprises both rotational motion in the crossflow plane and streamwise motion of the wake barycentre. This flow motion bears similarities to the bubble pumping and switching attempts mentioned in earlier studies. Overall, this study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the wake of a flat-back Ahmed body by detailing the spatiotemporal information of the high-energy flow motions.
Molecular branch of a small highly-elongated Fermi gas with an impurity: Full three-dimensional versus effective one-dimensional description
Creators: name: Gharashi, S. E.
name: Yin, X. Y.
name: Blume, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider an impurity immersed in a small Fermi gas under highly-elongated harmonic confinement. The impurity interacts with the atoms of the Fermi gas through an isotropic short-range potential with three-dimensional free-space s-wave scattering length $a_{3\text{d}}$. We investigate the energies of the molecular branch, i.e., the energies of the state that corresponds to a gas consisting of a weakly-bound diatomic molecule and "unpaired" atoms, as a function of the s-wave scattering length $a_{3\text{d}}$ and the ratio $η$ between the angular trapping frequencies in the tight and weak confinement directions. The energies obtained from our three-dimensional description that accounts for the dynamics in the weak and tight confinement directions are compared with those obtained within an effective one-dimensional framework, which accounts for the dynamics in the tight confinement direction via a renormalized one-dimensional coupling constant. Our theoretical results are related to recent experimental measurements.
description: 4 figures (expanded version)
Additional file 1 of A short, animated storytelling video about sodium intake as a major cardiovascular risk factor and recommendations for a healthy diet: an online, randomized, controlled trial
Creators: name: Supady, A
name: Nguyen, K
name: Aziz, M Abd El
name: Überreiter, C
name: Bärnighausen, T
name: Adam, M
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Sodium Knowledge Questionnaire.
The intersection of bivariate orthogonal polynomials on triangle patches
Creators: name: Koornwinder, Tom H.
name: Sauter, Stefan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N15, 65N30, 65N50, 33C45, 33C50

description: In this paper, the intersection of bivariate orthogonal polynomials on triangle patches will be investigated. The result is interesting by its own but also has important applications in the theory of a posteriori error estimation for finite element discretizations with $p$-refinement, i.e., if the local polynomial degree of the test and trial functions is increased to improve the accuracy. A triangle patch is a set of disjoint open triangles whose closed union covers a neighborhood of the common triangle vertex. On each triangle we consider the space of orthogonal polynomials of degree n with respect to the weight function which is the product of the barycentric coordinates. We show that the intersection of these polynomial spaces is the null space. The analysis requires the derivation of subtle representations of orthogonal polynomials on triangles. Up to four triangles have to be considered to identify that the intersection is trivial.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures. v3: minor corrections and additions; accepted by Mathematics of Computation
Integrate Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence to predict, diagnose, classify and recover faults in the FoT environment
Creators: name: Silva, Claudio Junior
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Blockchain
Fault-tolerance
IoT
FoT

description: IoT comprises a network of physical objects embedded with internet-connected sensors, actuators, and software that can exchange their data for value. IoT devices are important to ensure the collection of data and the processing and transfer of this data over the network. For an IoT system to meet its objectives, it must have some attributes, such as reliability, availability, security, and scalability. Furthermore, IoT devices have limited resources and capabilities and are susceptible to faults, which can lead to irreversible damage. Faults can occur due to hardware or software issues. Thus, investigating solutions for monitoring IoT devices becomes essential to anticipate possible problems that may arise or compromise the functioning of the IoT system. Providing a reliable infrastructure that enables devices to perform their functions without interruptions is one of the biggest challenges in an IoT system. This research aims to develop a secure and reliable architecture for IoT domains in FoT Computing environments, fault-tolerant and enabled by blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI). Blockchain guarantees security and reliability. AI provides techniques to predict, diagnose, and classify faults. A systematic review of the literature is being carried out for state-of-the-art knowledge to identify the techniques of AI approaches used to deal with fault tolerance in IoT systems and how blockchain is used to ensure security and reliability.
Central bank, government interventions and financial markets
Creators: Tsujimoto, Yusuke
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

This thesis comprises three essays examining the interactions between central bank and government interventions and financial markets. In Chapter 2, I compare corporate bond purchase programs by the Federal Reserve and the Bank of Japan during the COVID-19 crisis. Both programs shared one eligibility criterion: remaining maturity of five years or less. I demonstrate that Japanese firms, but not U.S. firms, catered to such a sudden maturity-specific demand shock by shifting the maturity of new bond issues, presumably due to the much larger purchase size of the Bank of Japan. Theoretically, the Japanese result aligns with the gap-filling theory of Greenwood et al. (2010), which predicts that corporations, as bond suppliers, fill supply-demand imbalances in specific maturity segments of the bond market.

Chapter 3 examines the microstructure of the reverse auctions the Fed holds for QE-driven purchases of Treasury bonds. Although the minimum tick size is set to be 1/256th (i.e., 0.390625 cents) per $100 par value, I document that primary dealers—the only direct participants—submit coarsely priced offers. Importantly, primary dealers with larger market shares price more finely, and my empirical analysis suggests that this coarse pricing originates from the information processing costs associated with increased pricing precision, in line with the theory of Grossman et al. (1997). I also document that the coarseness of prices is related to the level of prices (among accepted offers). Topmost dealers therefore play a special role in advancing market efficiency and promoting price competition.

In Chapter 4, we study how firms responded to the creation of the MSCI Empowering Women Index (WIN), an index for Japanese firms with superior gender diversity that Morgan Stanley launched in cooperation with the Government Pension Investment Fund of Japan in 2017. Importantly, this index includes only firms in each industry’s top 50% in women’s workforce participation. This allows us to implement a difference-in-differences analysis based on firms around the inclusion threshold (treated firms) and those farther away from the threshold (control firms). We show that the treated firms improved gender diversity. This paper thus illustrates a capital market channel for inducing corporate social behavior changes.
Chiral Symmetry Breaking: To Probe Anisotropy and Magnetic Field in QGP
Creators: name: Ali-Akbari, Mohammad
name: Ebrahim, Hajar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the (spontaneous) chiral symmetry breaking in a strongly coupled anisotropic quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in the presence of the magnetic field, using holography. The physical quantities related to the chiral symmetry breaking (m;B_c) distinguish between the effects of the anisotropy and magnetic field on the plasma. Anisotropy affects the system similar to the temperature and for its larger values heavier quarks can live in the QGP without getting condensed. Raising the anisotropy in the system will also increase the value of the critical magnetic field, B_c, at which the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking happens. Both of these growths are even more when the magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the anisotropy direction. Such behaviour persists in the high temperature limit where the temperature is kept fixed. However, when the entropy density is held fixed, as one increases the anisotropy, lighter mesons melt when the magnetic field is applied along the anisotropy direction, in contrast to when the magnetic field is perpendicular to the anisotropy direction.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures, New results are added. Published version
Infancia y participación. Por una ciudadanía activa e inclusiva. Informe de Resultados
Creators: name: Cámara, Ana Mª Novella
name: Puig, Marta Sabariego
name: Estrada, María Rosa Buxarrais
name: Cano-Hila, Ana Belén
name: Torres, Ferran Crespo I
name: Tortajada, Marta Beatriz Esteban
name: Pigem, Elena Noguera I
name: Bueno, Antonio Ruiz
name: Jaurena, Inés Gil
name: Montero, Alberto Izquierdo
name: Bullido, Noemí Laforgue
name: González, Aitor López
name: Sánchez, Héctor Melero
name: Guindal, Alba Quirós
name: Encina, Javier Morentin
name: Velázquez, Belén Ballesteros
name: Odina, Teresa Aguado
name: Sánchez-Lissen, Encarnación
name: Mateos-Blanco, Tania
name: Romero-Pérez, Clara
name: Porto, Héctor Manuel Pose
name: Nuñez, María Barba
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Education

description: Este informe se enmarca en el proyecto “Infancia y participación. Diagnóstico y propuestas para una ciudadanía activa e inclusiva en la comunidad, las instituciones y la gobernanza” (RTI2018-098821-B-I00), financiado, desde el 2019 hasta el 2022, por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (Unión Europea). Está desarrollado por el equipo de investigación ChildCity que integran investigadoras e investigadores de la Universidad de Barcelona, la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, la Universidad de Sevilla y la Universidade da Coruña, bajo el compromiso compartido de avanzar hacia una participación y ciudadanía de niños, niñas y adolescentes más activa e inclusiva en nuestros municipios.
ВЛИЯНИЕ КУЛЬТУРЫ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ИНФОРМАЦИИ НА ПРОЦЕСС ОБЩЕСТВЕННОСТИ
Creators: name: Хусанбаева Диёра
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: В данной статье автор теоретически и практически проанализировал сущность культуры получения информации молодежью, ее социальной активности и коммуникативности, а также обосновал знания и навыки информационной культуры молодежи по эффективному использованию информации, различные аспекты поиска информации в информационных ресурсах через все виды информационных технологий.

Ключевые слова: Информационная безопасность, информация, информационная безопасность, культура получения информации, государственная политика в отношении молодежи, информационный кризис, коммуникабельность, правосознание, правовая грамотность, коммуникация, регуляция.
SOP: Using a Millitome
Creators: name: Bueckle, Andreas
name: Kienle, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: HuBMAP
Human Reference Atlas
SOP

description: A millitome (from Latin mille, meaning “thousand,” as in millimeter, and the Greek temnein, meaning "to cut") is a device designed to hold a freshly procured organ and facilitate cutting it into many small tissue blocks of well defined size for usage in single cell analysis and Human Reference Atlas construction. A millitome has discrete, equally placed cutting grooves in both the x and y directions to guide a carbon steel cutting knife. The millitome is used to produce uniformly sized slices or cubes of tissue material that can be registered to organs from the 3D Reference Object Library. The procedures outlined here describe how to print and use a millitome and how to ensure that spatial locations for each slice or cube are retained for use in atlas construction. The primary audience for this SOP is the wet bench scientist who will be using a millitome to cut and register multiple tissue blocks from a single organ. Researchers who wish to understand the procedures used to create millitome templates should consult the forthcoming SOP on millitome construction.
Additional file 1 of Does it matter for health if steps are taken during work or leisure? A prospective accelerometer study using register-based long-term sickness absence
Creators: name: Christensen, Marie Raunkjær
name: Nabe-Nielsen, Kirsten
name: Holtermann, Andreas
name: Gupta, Nidhi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
title: Mahlsteine: Funktion, Fertigung und Verbreitung
Creators: name: Graefe, Jan
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2013

description: Mahlsteine üben bei einer agrarischen Lebensweise eine wichtige Funktion in der Zubereitung von Nahrungsmitteln aus. Neben der primären Funktion im Mahlen von Getreide, finden sich Mahlsteine auch in Deponierungen und als Grabbeigaben während des Neolithikums. Mehrere Arbeitsschritte sind in den Fertigungsprozessen nachzuweisen. Als Distributionsmuster wird die Selbstversorgung der Siedler postuliert.
description: Due to an agrarian way of life querns played an important role respective to the preparation of food. There are different capacities of querns detectable. First, querns were used to grind grain. In addition querns were found as deposits and as grave goods during the neoltihic. Concerning the manufacture of these artefacts some production steps were traceable. The procurement of raw material was assured by each settlement itself.
Central Bank Digital Currencies, Internet of Things, and Blockchain: Prospects and Challenges for Islamic Finance
Creators: name: Al-Ansari, Khalid Ahmed
name: Aysan, Ahmet Faruk
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This presentation is for the article with the same title. The article introduces the need for blockchain technology integration for Islamic financial institutions. As this is a fifteen (15) minutes presentation, the slides only present a few aspects of the article. The outline of the presentation is as follows: 1. Blockchain: Myth or Reality
 2. Blockchain Applications
 3. Central Bank Digital Currency…how good is it?
 4. Blockchain Applications in Islamic Financial Services
 5. Internet of Things and the Blockchain
 6. Concluding Thoughts Hope you enjoy seeing this presentation and learn something new from it.
Phase transition between quantum and classical regimes for the escape rate of dimeric molecular nanomagnets in a staggered magnetic field
Creators: name: Owerre, Solomon Akaraka
name: Paranjape, M. B
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phase transition of the escape rate of exchange-coupled dimer of single-molecule magnets which are coupled either ferromagnetic ally or antiferromagnetically in a staggered magnetic field and an easy $z$-axis anisotropy. The Hamiltonian for this system has been used to study molecular dimer nanomagnets [Mn$_4$]$_2$. We generalize the method of mapping a single-molecule magnetic spin problem onto a quantum-mechanical particle to dimeric molecular nanomagnets. The problem is mapped to a single particle quantum-mechanical Hamiltonian in terms of the relative coordinate and a coordinate dependent reduced mass. It is shown that the presence of the external staggered magnetic field creates a phase boundary separating the first- from the second-order transition. With the set of parameters used by R. Tiron, $\textit{et al}$, \prl {\bf 91}, 227203 (2003), and S. Hill, $\textit{et al}$ science {\bf 302}, 1015 (2003) to fit experimental data for [Mn$_{4}$]$_2$ dimer we find that the critical temperature at the phase boundary is $T^{(c)}_0 =0.29K$. Therefore, thermally activated transitions should occur for temperatures greater than $T^{(c)}_0$.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures. More elaborated than the published version
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ
Creators: name: Хусанбаева Диёра
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: В статье рассматривается текущее состояние системы образования в Узбекистане, ключевые реформы и перспективы развития. Описаны реформы, направленные на цифровизацию, модернизацию учебных программ и повышение квалификации педагогов. Также обсуждаются проблемы и вызовы, такие как нехватка ресурсов с дальнейшей интеграцией в международную образовательную систему и совершенствованием качества образования.

Ключевые слова: образование в Узбекистане, образовательная реформа, цифровизация образования, высшее образование, международное сотрудничество, модернизация учебных программ, региональные различия
Additional file 1 of Modeling and optimizing concentration of exogenous application of γ-aminobutyric acid on NaCl-stressed pineapple mint (Mentha suaveolens) using response surface methodology: an investigation into secondary metabolites and physiological parameters
Creators: name: Ahmadi, Hosein
name: Farhadi, Habib
name: Morshedloo, Mohammad Reza
name: Maggi, Filippo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Table S1. Physio-chemical properties and texture of field soil used in the experiment. Fig. S1. GC-MS chromatogram of pineapple mint essential oil. Fig. S2. Picture 1 shows the pineapple mint treated with NaCl without GABA application. Picture 2 shows the pineapple mint treated with NaCl and GABA. Optimum concentration of GABA reduces the effect of NaCl.
Non-conformality of gamma_i-deformed N=4 SYM theory
Creators: name: Fokken, Jan
name: Sieg, Christoph
name: Wilhelm, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the gamma_i-deformation, which was proposed as candidate gauge theory for a non-supersymmetric three-parameter deformation of the AdS/CFT correspondence, is not conformally invariant due to a running double-trace coupling - not even in the 't Hooft limit. Moreover, this non-conformality cannot be cured when we extend the theory by adding at tree-level arbitrary multi-trace couplings that obey certain minimal consistency requirements. Our findings suggest a possible connection between this breakdown of conformal invariance and a puzzling divergence recently encountered in the integrability-based descriptions of two-loop finite-size corrections for the single-trace operator of two identical chiral fields. We propose a test to clarify this.
description: LaTeX, feynmp, 25 pages, 1 figure; v2: formulations improved, references added, typos corrected, 27 pages; v3: typos corrected, one reference added, matches published version
Additional Insights on Open Access Publishing
Creators: name: Bianco, Stefano
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Scienza Aperta
contratti riviste scientifiche
Open science
Open data
Valutazione della ricerca

description: Presentazione data all' incontro organizzato da CRUI-CARE CON IEEE 2023.04.05
Properties of Binary Systems in One-Dimensional Approximations and Applications
Creators: Pourmand, Ali
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

This thesis aims to provide a method to include the effect of the gravitational fields of binary systems when simulating them with one-dimensional stellar evolution codes.

We also apply this method to simulate the evolution of binary systems until the donor fills its Roche Lobe.

The first part of this thesis is focused on describing the numerical code that was created to obtain several quantities related to binary systems. We then introduce a method that makes use of some of these obtained quantities to include the effects of a binary system’s effective acceleration if one is evolving the stars a one-dimensional scheme. We provide a code that could apply this method in one-dimensional stellar evolution codes.

The latter part of the thesis is dedicated to utilizing this method to simulate binary systems up to the onset of the Roche lobe overflow. At this stage, this deviation should be most pronounced. We compare the evolutionary track produced by our method with what the standard treatment predicts. We find that the extent to which the donor stars differ at the Roche lobe overflow deviated between the techniques is sensitive to the stars’ masses and the system’s initial orbital separation. We also

report an exceptional case where the final points could differ exceedingly. We finally simulate the possible progenitor of the V1309 Sco binary system and discuss the outcomes.
Epilithic Algal Community Responses to Rapid Glacier Loss in the Canadian Rocky Mountains
Creators: Sudlow, Karson Ian
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

Global melting of mountain glaciers is altering downstream ecosystems. As glaciers disappear, downstream water temperatures are rising while turbidity and nutrient concentrations decline.  Here, knowledge gaps exist concerning how these abiotic changes will affect primary producers in glacial meltwater streams.  I quantified abiotic variables and rock-attached algal communities termed epilithon in 10 stream sites along an environmental gradient of glacial influence in the Canadian Rockies. I hypothesized that physical factors would be the strongest predictors of community composition due to the damage incurred by biofilms from frequent scouring and abrasion events. Turbidity best explained an observed unimodal response of epilithic algal biomass accrual to glacial influence. However, abiotic variables poorly explained variation in community composition.

To further explore the impacts of glacial meltwater turbidity on epilithon, I designed a mesocosm experiment to test the effects of glacial flour, the primary determinant of turbidity in glacial streams, on algal community structure. Artificial stream channels were inoculated with algae and meltwater collected from a low turbidity glacial stream. Epilithic algal communities were then exposed to one of five turbidity levels by mixing varying amounts of glacial flour into meltwater. Moderate levels of turbidity significantly stimulated epilithic algal biomass accrual relative to the effects of low and extreme turbidity treatment levels, appearing to favor growth by chlorophytes over that of diatoms and other chromophytes. Potential explanations of low biomass accrual by epilithon to low and extreme turbidity involved nutrient limitation and physical disturbance, respectively.

My findings suggest that the turbidity of glacial streams has a strong influence on the growth and diversity of algal biofilms. I expect that further glacier loss will suppress epilithic algal growth in glacial meltwater streams due to declining nutrient availability and heightened exposure to damaging levels of ultraviolet radiation. Since algal growth supports the productivity of glacial meltwater ecosystems in the absence of terrestrial subsidies from surrounding barren alpine landscapes, I anticipate that loss of glaciers could in certain cases impair the downstream productive capacity for harvestable coldwater fishes.
Use of Guideline-directed Medical Therapy in Patients ≥65 years after the Diagnosis of Heart Failure: A Canadian Population-based Study
Creators: Wahid, Muizz
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

Background: Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) improves clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Despite proven efficacy, GDMT are under-utilized in clinical practice. The current study examines GDMT utilization after incident hospitalization for HF to promote medication initiation, and titration to target dosing within a reasonable time-period.

Methods: This observational study identified 66,372 patients with HFrEF with age ≥65 years and an incident HF hospitalization using administrative health data (2013-2018). GDMT (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI), β-blockers (BB), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) received within the 6 months after hospitalization was evaluated by monitoring therapy combinations, optimal dosing (proportion receiving ≥50% of the target dose for ACEi/ARB/ARNI, and BB, and any dose of MRA), maximal and last dose assessed, and through a GDMT intensity score.

Results: Among patients with HFrEF, 4768 (7.2%) were on no therapy, 17,184 (25.9%), were on monotherapy, 30,912 (46.6%) were on dual therapy, 13,508 (20.4%) were on triple therapy. Only 8747 (13.2%) and 5484 (8.3%) achieved optimal GDMT based on the maximum dose and last dispensed dose, respectively, within 6 months post-discharge.  Finally, 38,869 (58.6%) achieved <50% of the maximum intensity score, 23,006 (34.7%) achieved between 50-74% of the maximum intensity score, and 4497 (6.8%) achieved a score ≥75% of the maximum intensity score.

Conclusions: Current pharmacological management for patients with HFrEF does not align with the existing Canadian guidelines. Considering the gap in care, innovative strategies to optimize care in patients with HFrEF are needed.