cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Active opportunity and fund performance
Creators: name: Von Reibnitz, Anna
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Portfolio management
subject: Rate of return
subject: Investment analysis
subject: Investment advisors
subject: Investments

description: The active funds industry is large and growing. However empirical evidence suggests that the average active fund produces negative risk-adjusted performance after expenses. This is commonly taken as evidence that active fund managers lack the skills to justify the fees they charge. Existing studies look at performance over a sample period as a whole, without conditioning on the active opportunity set faced by fund managers. Yet active opportunity is not constant and has a major influence on the success of active strategies. This dissertation investigates the impact of active opportunity, as measured by cross-sectional dispersion in stock returns, on active fund performance. I find that a positive relation exists between active opportunity and the average performance of active funds. During periods of high return dispersion, in which active strategies have the greatest impact on returns, active fund performance on average significantly exceeds that achieved during lower dispersion months, in which active strategies are of lesser effect. Stratifying my sample based on the activeness of funds' strategies reveals that the positive relation between dispersion and fund performance is increasing in the activeness of the fund. A portfolio comprising the least active funds significantly underperforms when dispersion is low and does not improve when dispersion is high. A portfolio of the most active funds, on the other hand, does not significantly underperform in low dispersion months and achieves significantly higher performance in high dispersion months. Moreover, the outperformance of the most active funds relative to the least active funds documented in the literature is largely concentrated in months of high return dispersion. Bootstrap simulations performed to distinguish skill from luck in fund performance confirm that the prevalence of managerial skill significantly increases with fund activeness. Regardless of the performance metric employed, the least active fund portfolio contains the lowest prevalence of manager skill, with the highest prevalence of skilled managers contained within the most active portfolio of funds.
The power of code: women and the making of the digital world
Creators: name: Klinger, Ulrike
name: Svensson, Jakob
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: Science Policy

description: Most research on gender and digital communication centers on how women use digital media, how they participate online, or how they are treated in online forums and social media. This article, in contrast, approaches gender from a behind the screen perspective. How algorithms and platforms are created, designed, and maintained, the affordances they provide for users and how they govern the ways users communicate with each other, has a major impact on digital communication. However, it is mostly men who create these technologies. Our study approaches technologies as socio-cultural, departing from the concept of network media logic. Empirically, it is based on (1) the review of a diverse body of literature from the history of programming, professional sociology, and computer science and documents such as the diversity reports from tech giants, as well as on (2) 64 semi-structured expert interviews conducted with male and female programmers in seven countries over a time-period of four years. Results show that the gender gap continues to run deep. We report results in four dimensions: professional culture, pervasive stereotypes, lack of role models and typical career paths.
'aakóoy sanyuuxáv and Coyote stories
Creators: name: Hartt, Josepha
name: Halpern, Abraham M.
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: yum

description: 2 WAV files. 'aakóoy sanyuuxáv on Side A (February 25), continuation from preceding. For associated notebook, see Margaret Langdon Papers (Bancroft Library), carton 11, folder 3. Digitization by The Audio Archive (Burlingame, California).
Metallic interface at the boundary between band and Mott insulators
Creators: name: Kancharla, S. S.
name: Dagotto, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by experiments on atomically smooth layers of LaTiO$_3$, a Mott insulator, sandwiched between layers of SrTiO$_3$, a band insulator, a simple model for such heterostructures is studied using quasi one-dimensional lattices and the Lanczos method. Taking both the local and long-range Coulomb interactions into account, and computing the layer dependent local density of states, a metallic state was found at the interface whose extent strongly depends on the dielectric constant of the material. We also observed that the antiferromagnetic correlations in the bulk Mott phase persist into the metallic region. Our conclusions are in excellent agreement with recently reported results for this model in the opposite limit of infinite dimensions, thus providing an alternative tool to study electronic reconstruction effects in heterostructures.
A two component jet model for the X-ray afterglow flat segment in short GRB 051221A
Creators: name: Jin, Zhi-Ping
name: Yan, Ting
name: Fan, Yi-Zhong
name: Wei, Da-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the double neutron star merger or neutron star-black hole merger model for short GRBs, the outflow launched might be mildly magnetized and neutron rich. The magnetized neutron-rich outflow will be accelerated by the magnetic and thermal pressure and may form a two component jet finally, as suggested by Vlahakis, Peng & Königl (2003). We show in this work that such a two component jet model could well reproduce the multi-wavelength afterglow lightcurves, in particular the X-ray flat segment, of short GRB 051221A. In this model, the central engine need not to be active much longer than the prompt $γ-$ray emission.
description: 11 pages, 2 figure; Accepted for publication by ApJL
Thermally induced spin torque and domain wall motion in superconductor/antiferromagnetic insulator bilayers
Creators: name: Bobkov, G. A.
name: Bobkova, I. V.
name: Bobkov, A. M.
name: Kamra, Akashdeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate domain wall motion in an antiferromagnetic insulator layer caused by thermally generated spin currents in an adjacent spin-split superconductor layer. An uncompensated antiferromagnet interface enables the two crucial ingredients underlying the mechanism - spin splitting in the superconductor and absorption of spin currents by the antiferromagnet. Treating the superconductor using the quasiclassical theory and the antiferromagnet via Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert description, we find domain wall propagation along the thermal gradient with relatively large velocities $\sim 100$ m/s. Our proposal exploits the giant thermal response of spin-split superconductors in achieving large spin torques towards driving domain wall and other spin textures in antiferromagnets.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
The X-Ray Origin of Herbig AeBe Systems: New Insights
Creators: name: Hamidouche, Murad
name: Wang, Shiya
name: Looney, Leslie W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a statistical study of the X-Ray emission toward 22 Herbig AeBe stars using the Chandra archive. We probe the origin of the X-Rays toward Herbig stars: are they intrinsic? This question is addressed by correlations between the physical stellar properties and the X-Ray emission. There is a weak correlation between the continuum radio emission at lambda = 3.6cm and Lx, which suggests that the X-Ray emission depends upon the source. On the other hand, no correlation was found with the stellar rotational period, but that only excludes solar-like magnetic activity as the origin of the X-Rays. Most importantly, the X-Ray luminosity of Herbig AeBe stars have a different distribution than T Tauri stars, suggesting X-Ray emission from an unseen late type star companion can be ruled out with an 80% confidence level. This implies that the Herbig AeBe stars must have magnetic activity. In addition, we report the observation of five sources for the first time, three detections.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomical Journal
Equilibrium Dynamics of the Sub-Ohmic Spin-boson Model At Finite Temperature
Creators: name: Yang, Ke
name: Tong, Ning-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the full-density matrix (FDM) numerical renormalization group (NRG) method to calculate the equilibrium dynamical correlation function $C(ω)$ of the spin operator $σ_z$ at finite temperature for the sub-Ohmic spin-boson model. A peak is observed at the frequency $ω_{T}\sim T$ in the curve of $C(ω)$. The curve merges with the zero temperature $C(ω)$ in $ω\gg ω_{T}$ and deviate significantly from the power-law form $ω^{\pm s}$ of the zero temperature curve in $ω\llω_{T}$.
What triggers galaxy transformations? The environments of post-starburst galaxies
Creators: name: Hogg, David W.
name: Masjedi, Morad
name: Berlind, Andreas A.
name: Blanton, Michael R.
name: Quintero, Alejandro D.
name: Brinkmann, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) There are good observational reasons to believe that the progenitors of red galaxies have undergone starbursts, followed by a post-starburst phase. We investigate the environments of post-starburst galaxies by measuring \textsl{(1)} number densities in $8 h^{-1} \mathrm{Mpc}$ radius comoving spheres, \textsl{(2)} transverse distances to nearest Virgo-like galaxy clusters, and \textsl{(3)} transverse distances to nearest luminous-galaxy neighbors. We compare the post-starburst galaxies to currently star-forming galaxies identified solely by A-star excess or $\Halpha$ emission. We find that post-starburst galaxies are in the same kinds of environments as star-forming galaxies; this is our ``null hypothesis''. More importantly, we find that at each value of the A-star excess, the star-forming and post-starburst galaxies lie in very similar distributions of environment. The only deviations from our null hypothesis are barely significant: a slight deficit of post-starburst galaxies (relative to the star-forming population) in very low-density regions, a small excess inside the virial radii of clusters, and a slight excess with nearby neighbors. None of these effects is strong enough to make the post-starburst galaxies a high-density phenomenon, or to argue that the starburst events are primarily triggered by external tidal impulses (e.g., from close passages of massive galaxies). The small excess inside cluster virial radii suggests that some post-starbursts are triggered by interactions with the intracluster medium, but this represents a very small fraction of all post-starburst galaxies.
description: ApJ in press
Quantum fluctuation effects on the ordered Moments in a two dimensional frustrated ferrimagnet
Creators: name: Majumdar, Kingshuk
name: Mahanti, Subhendra D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel two-dimensional (2D)frustrated quantum spin-1/2 anisotropic Heisenberg model with alternating ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic magnetic chains along one direction and antiferromagnetic interactions along the other. The (mean-field) ground state is ferrimagnetic in certain range of the interaction space. Spin-wave theory analysis of the reduction of ordered moments at inequivalent spin sites and the instability of the spin waves suggest a quantum phase transition which has the characteristics of both the frustrated two-dimensional antiferromagnetic S=1/2 ($J_1, J_2$) model and 1D S$_1$=1, S$_2$=1/2 quantum ferrimagnetic model.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Itinerant U 5f band states in the layered compound UFeGa5 observed by soft X-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Creators: name: Fujimori, Shin-ichi
name: Terai, Kota
name: Takeda, Yukiharu
name: Okane, Tetsuo
name: Saitoh, Yuji
name: Muramatsu, Yasuji
name: Fujimori, Atsushi
name: Yamagami, Hiroshi
name: Tokiwa, Yoshifumi
name: Ikeda, Shugo
name: Matsuda, Tatsuma D.
name: Haga, Yoshinori
name: Yamamoto, Etsuji
name: Onuki, Yoshichika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) experiments on paramagnetic UFeGa5 using soft X-ray synchrotron radiation (hn=500eV) and derived the bulk- and U 5f-sensitive electronic structure of UFeGa5. Although the agreement between the experimental band structure and the LDA calculation treating U 5f electrons as being itinerant is qualitative, the morphology of the Fermi surface is well explained by the calculation, suggesting that the U 5f states can be essentially understood within the itinerant-electron model.
description: 13 pages, 4 figure
Scintillator light yield measurements with waveform digitizers
Creators: name: Laplace, T. A.
name: Goldblum, B. L.
name: Brown, J. A.
name: Manfredi, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The proton light yield of organic scintillators has been measured extensively in recent years using fast waveform digitizers and large discrepancies exist in the values reported by different authors. In this letter, we address principles of digital signal processing that must be considered when conducting scintillator light yield measurements. Digitized waveform pulse height values are only proportional to the amount of scintillation light if the temporal shape of the scintillation pulse is independent of the amount of energy deposited. This is not the case for scintillation pulses resulting from fast neutron interactions in organic scintillators. Authors measuring proton light yield should therefore report pulse integral values and ensure that the integration length is long enough to capture most of the scintillation light.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Irreducibility criterion for a finite-dimensional highest weight representation of the sl(2) loop algebra and the dimensions of reducible representations
Creators: name: Deguchi, Tetsuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a necessary and sufficient condition for a finite-dimensional highest weight representation of the $sl_2$ loop algebra to be irreducible. In particular, for a highest weight representation with degenerate parameters of the highest weight, we can explicitly determine whether it is irreducible or not. We also present an algorithm for constructing finite-dimensional highest weight representations with a given highest weight. We give a conjecture that all the highest weight representations with the same highest weight can be constructed by the algorithm. For some examples we show the conjecture explicitly. The result should be useful in analyzing the spectra of integrable lattice models related to roots of unity representations of quantum groups, in particular, the spectral degeneracy of the XXZ spin chain at roots of unity associated with the $sl_2$ loop algebra.
description: 32 pages with no figure; with corrections on the published version
Lense-Thirring precession and gravito-gyromagnetic ratio
Creators: name: Stepanian, A.
name: Khlghatyan, Sh.
name: Gurzadyan, V. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The geodesics of bound spherical orbits i.e. of orbits performing Lense-Thirring precession, are obtained in the case of the $Λ$-term within gravito-electromagnetic formalism. It is shown that the presence of the $Λ$-term in the equations of gravity leads to both relativistic and non-relativistic corrections in the equations of motion. The contribution of the $Λ$-term in the Lense-Thirring precession is interpreted as an additional relativistic correction and the gravito-gyromagnetic ratio is defined.
description: Eur. Phys. Journal C (Lett), in press, 6 pages
Radio Emission on Sub-Parsec Scales from the Intermediate-Mass Black Hole in NGC 4395
Creators: name: Wrobel, J. M.
name: Ho, L. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Seyfert 1 nucleus of NGC 4395 is energized by a black hole of 360,000 Solar masses (Peterson et al.), making it one of only two nuclear black holes of intermediate mass, one thousand to one million Solar masses, detected in the radio regime. Building upon UV and X-ray evidence for outflows from this Seyfert nucleus, the VLBI High Sensitivity Array was used at 1.4 GHz to search for extended structure on scales greater than 5 mas (0.1 pc). Elongated emission was discovered, extending over 15 mas (0.3 pc) and suggesting an outflow on sub-parsec scales from this intermediate-mass black hole. The Seyfert nucleus is located at the center of an elliptical star cluster, and the elongation position angle of the sub-parsec radio structure is only 19 degrees from the star cluster's minor axis.
description: 5 pages; 1 figure; emulateapj; to appear in ApJL
s-Processing in AGB Stars Revisited. III. Neutron captures from MHD mixing at different metallicities and observational constraints
Creators: name: Busso, Maurizio
name: Vescovi, Diego
name: Palmerini, Sara
name: Cristallo, Sergio
name: Delogu, Vincenzo Antonuccio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present post process neutron capture computations for Asymptotic Giant Branch stars of 1.5 to 3 Mo and metallicities -1.3 to 0.1. The reference stellar models are computed with the FRANEC code, using the Schwarzschild's criterion for convection. Motivations for this choice are outlined. We assume that MHD processes induce the penetration of protons below the convective boundary, when the third dredge up occurs. There, the 13C(alpha,n)16O neutron source can subsequently operate, merging its effects with those of the 22Ne(alpha,n)25Mg reaction, activated at the temperature peaks characterizing AGB stages. This work has three main scopes. i) We provide a grid of abundance yields, as produced through our MHD mixing scheme, uniformly sampled in mass and metallicity. From it, we deduce that the solar s process distribution, as well as the abundances in recent stellar populations, can be accounted for, without the need of the extra primary like contributions suggested in the past. ii) We formulate analytical expressions for the mass of the 13C pockets generated, in order to allow easy verification of our findings. iii) We compare our results with observations of evolved stars and with isotopic ratios in presolar SiC grains, also noticing how some flux tubes should survive turbulent disruption, carrying C rich materials into the winds even when the envelope is O rich. This wind phase is approximated through the G component of AGB s processing. We conclude that MHD induced mixing is adequate to drive slow neutron capture phenomena accounting for observations. Our prescriptions should permit its inclusion into current stellar evolutionary codes.
description: The Astrophysical Journal, submitted Sep. 2, 2020; accepted, Nov. 14, 2020. 23 pages, 23 figures
A late, infrared flash from the afterglow of GRB 050319
Creators: name: George, Koshy
name: Banerjee, Dipankar P. K.
name: Chandrasekahar, Thyagarajan
name: Ashok, Nagarhalli M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of a bright, near-infrared flash from the afterglow of GRB 050319, 6.15 hours after the burst. The IR flash faded rapidly from J=13.12 mag. to J > 15.5 mag. in about 4 minutes. There are no reported simultaneous observations at other wavelengths making it an unique event. We study the implications of its late timing in the context of current theoretical models for GRB afterglows.
description: Accepted in ApJ (Letters)
Targeting microbiota-mitochondria inter-talk: Microbiota control mitochondria metabolism
Creators: name: Mailfert, Anne-Sophie
Publisher: name: Antioxidants REDOX Medecine
Year: 2015

description: Our aim is to highlight the subtle relationship that exists between microbiota and mitochondria. Microbiota targets mitochondria by modulating the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production and the mitochondrial activity through interactions with toxins, proteins or other metabolites released by gut microbiota. The intriguing relationship that exists between mitochondria and microbiota is strengthened by the probable prokaryotic origin of mitochondria. Emerging data implicates a role for ROS, nitric oxide, Short Chain Fatty Acids and hydrogen sulfide in the cross-talk between microbiota – mitochondria and REDOX signaling. Several studies have shown that microbiota act and modulate mitochondrial activity, and use it as a relay to strengthen host-microbiotal interaction. This modulation depends on the gut bacterial strain quality and diversity to increase its pathogenic versus beneficial effects. Furthermore, based on conclusions from new studies, it is possible that microbiota can directly interact with the host cell gene expression by favoring bacterial and mitochondrial DNA insertion in the nuclear genome. The emerging knowledge of mitochondria-microbiota interaction may be of great importance to better understand the mechanism of mitochondrial and metabolic diseases, and the syndromes associated with change in quality and quantity of microbiotal species.  We suggest that microbiota via mitochondrial modulation influence cell homeostasis and metabolism. The challenge will be to find strategies to modulate the quality and diversity of microbiota rather than acting on microbiota metabolites and microbiota related factors. The medicine of tomorrow will be completely personalized. Firstly there will be a test to show the quality, quantity and diversity of microbiota, and secondly a preventive or therapeutic strategy will be administrated (probiotics, diet, prodrug or fecal transplantation). The era of digital medicine is here.
description: Antioxidants REDOX Medecine, Vol 16, No 1 (2015): Issue title
The Jupiter Twin HD 154345b
Creators: name: Wright, J. T.
name: Marcy, G. W.
name: Butler, R. P.
name: Vogt, S. S.
name: Henry, G. W.
name: Isaacson, H.
name: Howard, A. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We announce the discovery of a twin of Jupiter orbiting the slightly metal-poor ([Fe/H] = -0.1) nearby (d = 18 pc) G8 dwarf HD 154345. This planet has a minimum mass of 0.95 Jupiter masses and a 9.2 year, circular orbit with radius 4.2 AU. There is currently little or no evidence for other planets in the system, but smaller or exterior planets cannot yet be ruled out. We also detect a ~ 9-year activity cycle in this star photometrically and in chromospheric emission. We rule out activity cycles as the source of the radial velocity variations by comparison with other cycling late-G dwarfs.
description: 15pp. ApJL. v2: Substantial additions, including 3 new authors, new photometry, activity measurements, and a discussion of activity cycles
Modeling Microglia Activation and Inflammation-Based Neuroprotectant Strategies During Ischemic Stroke
Creators: name: Amato, Sara
name: Arnold, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Neural inflammation immediately follows the onset of ischemic stroke. During this process, microglial cells can be activated into two different phenotypes: the M1 phenotype, which can worsen brain injury by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines; or the M2 phenotype, which can aid in long term recovery by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we formulate a nonlinear system of differential equations to model the activation of microglia post-ischemic stroke, which includes bidirectional switching between the microglia phenotypes, as well as the interactions between these cells and the cytokines that they produce. Further, we explore neuroprotectant-based modeling strategies to suppress the activation of the detrimental M1 phenotype, while promoting activation of the beneficial M2 phenotype. Through use of global sensitivity techniques, we analyze the effects of the model parameters on the ratio of M1 to M2 microglia and the total number of activated microglial cells in the system over time. Results demonstrate the significance of bidirectional microglia phenotype switching on the ratio of M1 to M2 microglia, in both the absence and presence of neuroprotectant terms. Simulations further suggest that early inhibition of M1 activation and support of M2 activation leads to a decreased minimum ratio of M1 to M2 microglia and allows for a larger number of M2 than M1 cells for a longer time period.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures
Surface wave generation and propagation on metallic subwavelength structures measured by far-field interferometry
Creators: name: Gay, G.
name: Alloschery, O.
name: de Lesegno, B. Vairis
name: Weiner, J.
name: Lezec, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transmission spectra of metallic films or membranes perforated by arrays of subwavelength slits or holes have been widely interpreted as resonance absorption by surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Alternative interpretations involving evanescent waves diffracted on the surface have also been proposed. These two approaches lead to divergent predictions for some surface wave properties. Using far-field interferometry, we have carried out a series of measurements on elementary one-dimensional (1-D) subwavelength structures with the aim of testing key properties of the surface waves and comparing them to predictions of these two points of view.
Reasoning in Dialog: Improving Response Generation by Context Reading Comprehension
Creators: name: Chen, Xiuying
name: Cui, Zhi
name: Zhang, Jiayi
name: Wei, Chen
name: Cui, Jianwei
name: Wang, Bin
name: Zhao, Dongyan
name: Yan, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In multi-turn dialog, utterances do not always take the full form of sentences \cite{Carbonell1983DiscoursePA}, which naturally makes understanding the dialog context more difficult. However, it is essential to fully grasp the dialog context to generate a reasonable response. Hence, in this paper, we propose to improve the response generation performance by examining the model's ability to answer a reading comprehension question, where the question is focused on the omitted information in the dialog. Enlightened by the multi-task learning scheme, we propose a joint framework that unifies these two tasks, sharing the same encoder to extract the common and task-invariant features with different decoders to learn task-specific features. To better fusing information from the question and the dialog history in the encoding part, we propose to augment the Transformer architecture with a memory updater, which is designed to selectively store and update the history dialog information so as to support downstream tasks. For the experiment, we employ human annotators to write and examine a large-scale dialog reading comprehension dataset. Extensive experiments are conducted on this dataset, and the results show that the proposed model brings substantial improvements over several strong baselines on both tasks. In this way, we demonstrate that reasoning can indeed help better response generation and vice versa. We release our large-scale dataset for further research.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure
Understanding the $K^*/K$ ratio in heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Roux, C. Le
name: Navarra, F. S.
name: Abreu, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the $K^*$ meson dissociation in heavy ion collisions during the hadron gas phase. We use the production and absorption cross sections of the $K^*$ and $K$ mesons in a hadron gas, which were calculated in a previous work. We compute the time evolution of the $K^*$ abundance and the $K^* /K$ ratio during the hadron gas phase. Assuming a Bjorken type cooling and using an empirical relation between the freeze-out temperature and the central multiplicity density, we are able to write $K^* /K$ as a function of ($ dN /d η(η=0)$). The obtained function is in very good agreement with recent experimental data.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Cosmology with X-ray Cluster Baryons
Creators: name: Linder, Eric V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray cluster measurements interpreted with a universal baryon/gas mass fraction can theoretically serve as a cosmological distance probe. We examine issues of cosmological sensitivity for current (e.g. Chandra X-ray Observatory, XMM-Newton) and next generation (e.g. Con-X, XEUS) observations, along with systematic uncertainties and biases. To give competitive next generation constraints on dark energy, we find that systematics will need to be controlled to better than 1% and any evolution in f_gas (and other cluster gas properties) must be calibrated so the residual uncertainty is weaker than (1+z)^{0.03}.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures; v2: 13 pages, substantial elaboration and reordering, matches JCAP version
Nematic-Isotropic Transition with Quenched Disorder
Creators: name: Petridis, L.
name: Terentjev, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nematic elastomers do not show the discontinuous, first-order, phase transition that the Landau-De Gennes mean field theory predicts for a quadrupolar ordering in 3D. We attribute this behavior to the presence of network crosslinks, which act as sources of quenched orientational disorder. We show that the addition of weak random anisotropy results in a singular renormalization of the Landau-De Gennes expression, adding an energy term proportional to the inverse quartic power of order parameter Q. This reduces the first-order discontinuity in Q. For sufficiently high disorder strength the jump disappears altogether and the phase transition becomes continuous, in some ways resembling the supercritical transitions in external field.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, to be published on PRE
Women learn while men talk?: revisiting gender differences in political engagement in online environments
Creators: name: Lilleker, Darren
name: Koc-Michalska, Karolina
name: Bimber, Bruce
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: There is an inconclusive debate on whether male and female users of social media platforms engage with political content differently. While some highlight minimal differences, others evidence an engagement gap where male are more visible within online environments. Drawing on data from a representative survey of citizens in France, the UK and USA, we explore the engagement gap in more granular detail. Our data show minimal gender differences for most forms of online political engagement, but there remain some indications of a gendered divide. While the feeling of external efficacy is crucial to engage online regardless gender, women appear to need a sense of higher levels of competence in order to engage with online political content, especially for sharing and commenting. The study confirms interest in politics, extreme political ideological views and large social media network as prompt for more eager political engagement, but we do not find any substantial gender differentiation. Our findings suggest some minimal country differences on women engagement in commenting. Overall, our data indicate that while women may be as likely as men to participate in online political expression, through sharing and commenting, and may have an equal overall share of voice, the voices of many women are at least more muted in open public political discussions environment.
Galaxy properties in the cosmic web of EAGLE simulation
Creators: name: Xu, Wenxiao
name: Guo, Qi
name: Zheng, Haonan
name: Gao, Liang
name: Lacey, Cedric
name: Gu, Qing
name: Liao, Shihong
name: Shao, Shi
name: Mao, Tianxiang
name: Zhang, Tianchi
name: Chen, Xuelei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dependence of the galaxy properties on cosmic web environments using the most up-to-date hydrodynamic simulation: Evolution and Assembly of Galaxies and their Environments (EAGLE). The baryon fractions in haloes and the amplitudes of the galaxy luminosity function decrease going from knots to filaments to sheets to voids. Interestingly, the value of L$^*$ varies dramatically in different cosmic web environments. At z = 0, we find a characteristic halo mass of $10^{12} h^{-1}\rm M_{\odot}$, below which the stellar-to-halo mass ratio is higher in knots while above which it reverses. This particular halo mass corresponds to a characteristic stellar mass of $1.8\times 10^{10} h^{-1}\rm M_{\odot}$. Below the characteristic stellar mass central galaxies have redder colors, lower sSFRs and higher metallicities in knots than those in filaments, sheets and voids, while above this characteristic stellar mass, the cosmic web environmental dependences either reverse or vanish. Such dependences can be attributed to the fact that the active galaxy fraction decreases along voids, sheets, filaments and knots. The cosmic web dependences get weaker towards higher redshifts for most of the explored galaxy properties and scaling relations, except for the gas metallicity vs. stellar mass relation.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Nuclear Schiff moment in nuclei with soft octupole and quadrupole vibrations
Creators: name: Auerbach, N.
name: Dmitriev, V. F.
name: Flambaum, V. V.
name: Lisetskiy, A.
name: Sen'kov, R. A.
name: Zelevinsky, V. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear forces violating parity and time reversal invariance (${\cal P},{\cal T}$-odd) produce ${\cal P},{\cal T}$-odd nuclear moments, for example, the nuclear Schiff moment. In turn, this moment can induce the electric dipole moment in the atom. The nuclear Schiff moment is predicted to be enhanced in nuclei with static quadrupole and octupole deformation. The analogous suggestion of the enhanced contribution to the Schiff moment from the soft collective quadrupole and octupole vibrations in spherical nuclei is tested in this article in the framework of the quasiparticle random phase approximation with separable quadrupole and octupole forces applied to the odd $^{217-221}$Ra and $^{217-221}$Rn isotopes. We confirm the existence of the enhancement effect due to the soft modes. However, in the standard approximation the enhancement is strongly reduced by a small weight of the corresponding "particle + phonon" component in a complicated wave function of a soft nucleus. The perspectives of a better description of the structure of heavy soft nuclei are discussed.
description: 27 pages, 3 figures, minor corrections in references added
Oxygen doping and polaron magnetic coupling in Alq$_3$ films
Creators: name: Droghetti, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82

description: The understanding of the Physics underlying the performances of organic spin-valve devices is still incomplete. According to some recent models, spin transport takes place in an impurity band inside the fundamental gap of organic semiconductors. This seems to be confirmed by recent experiments performed with La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$/Alq$_3$/AlO$_x$/Co devices. The reported results suggest a possible correlation between the magnetoresistance and the variable oxygen doping in the Alq$_3$ spacer. In this paper we investigate by means of first-principles calculations the electronic and magnetic properties of O$_2$ molecules and ions in Alq$_3$ films to establish whether oxygen plays any important role for spin transport in La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$/Alq$_3$/AlO$_x$/Co devices. The conclusion is that it does not. In fact, we show that O$_2$ molecules do not form an impurity band and there is no magnetic interaction between them. In contrast, we suggest that spin-transport may be enabled by the direct exchange coupling between Alq$_3^-$ ions.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Experimental study of a bolt-bushing connection system for structural composite lumber
Creators: name: Voiculescu, Dragos
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The results of an experimental study are presented on the use of polyurethane lined bushings in bolted connections of structural composite lumber. Monotonic tension tests and cyclic axial tests were performed on 80 specimens of varying dimensions made with Douglas Fir parallel strand lumber. All the connections were made with a single fastener, which consisted of a 12 mm bolt, with or without bushing. The bushings consisted of an inner and outer steel ring with a mouldable polyurethane filling. Varying diameters and steel ring thicknesses were tested. To prevent brittle splitting failures of the connections, the end distance was varied and transverse reinforcement of the wood with threaded dowels was introduced. Material tests were conducted on the structural composite lumber and the polyurethane filling. The introduction of a polyurethane bushing in a single fastener connection served to increase the ductility of the connection under tension loading. A high degree of variability in capacity and ductility were observed, however, which can be attributed to a lack of filler material consistency in the fabrication process. Significant improvements in ductility and resistance were achieved when transversely placed treaded dowels were introduced as reinforcing elements of the structural composite lumber. This effect was most pronounced for connections with bolts only. For the connections with bushings, splitting failures still prevailed and a need for more elaborate reinforcements was identified. In the absence of reinforcing elements, it was found that the end distance of connectors has to be increased when bushings of a diameter larger than the bolt were introduced. The cyclic behaviour of bushing connectors showed hysteresis loops with a significant amount of degradation under repeated cycles. Although cyclic compression tests on polyurethane cylinders exhibited stable hysteretic behaviour with significant energy absorption, the high deformation demand of the material in the bushings showed that a more suitable material needs to be found for application in bushing connections that are subjected to severe earthquake motions. The results from this study provide important information on the behaviour of polyurethane bushing connections and paves the way for refinements of innovative connection techniques that are suitable for structures in high risk seismic zones.
Geometric Uncertainty in Patient-Specific Cardiovascular Modeling with Convolutional Dropout Networks
Creators: name: Maher, Gabriel
name: Fleeter, Casey
name: Schiavazzi, Daniele
name: Marsden, Alison
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a novel approach to generate samples from the conditional distribution of patient-specific cardiovascular models given a clinically aquired image volume. A convolutional neural network architecture with dropout layers is first trained for vessel lumen segmentation using a regression approach, to enable Bayesian estimation of vessel lumen surfaces. This network is then integrated into a path-planning patient-specific modeling pipeline to generate families of cardiovascular models. We demonstrate our approach by quantifying the effect of geometric uncertainty on the hemodynamics for three patient-specific anatomies, an aorto-iliac bifurcation, an abdominal aortic aneurysm and a sub-model of the left coronary arteries. A key innovation introduced in the proposed approach is the ability to learn geometric uncertainty directly from training data. The results show how geometric uncertainty produces coefficients of variation comparable to or larger than other sources of uncertainty for wall shear stress and velocity magnitude, but has limited impact on pressure. Specifically, this is true for anatomies characterized by small vessel sizes, and for local vessel lesions seen infrequently during network training.
Artin HNN-extensions virtually embed in Artin groups
Creators: name: Hsu, Tim
name: Leary, Ian J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F36; 20F55, 20F65

description: An Artin HNN-extension is an HNN-extension of an Artin group in which the stable letter conjugates a pair of suitably chosen subsets of the standard generating set. We show that some finite index subgroup of an Artin HNN-extension embeds in an Artin group. We also obtain an analogous result for Coxeter groups.
โมเดลความสัมพันธ์เชิงสาเหตุของปัจจัยบางประการที่ส่งผลต่อความกตัญญูกตเวทีต่อบุพการี
Creators: name: สุพรรณ พรมตัน
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏเชียงราย
Year: 2555

description: 1, 6, วารสารการวิจัยกาสะลองคำ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏเชียงราย
title: LiCArC. 2015, Hors-série n° 1
title: Le théâtre moyen-oriental contemporain traduit en langues étrangères
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unap)
Publisher: name: Classiques Garnier
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Théâtre moyen-oriental contemporain traduit
subject: Théâtre arabe
subject: Théâtre kurde
subject: Théâtre hébraïque
subject: Théâtre persan
subject: Théâtre turc

description: Contributeurs : Nehmetallah Abi-Rached, Charbel Dagher, Laurence Denooz, Paul Dumont, Amotz Giladi, Béki Haleva, Yassaman Khajehi, Amira Majeed, Najla Nakhlé-Cerruti, Lena Saadé Gebran et Edgard Weber.
It’s a man’s (online) world. Personality traits and the gender gap in online political discussion
Creators: name: Abendschön, Simone
name: García-Albacete, Gema
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Despite initial optimism, a gender gap seems to exist in online political engagement. In this article, we focus on online political discussion and show that women use the internet to discuss politics significantly less than men. We propose that this is a ‘new’ gender gap and not a simple reflection of the traditional gender gap in offline political discussion activities. A unique dataset from Germany facilitates an empirical comparison of online and offline political discussion and their explanatory factors. We contend that the online environment imposes additional obstacles to women’s willingness to discuss politics as the result of a hostile environment and distinct socialization patterns. The resulting gap is visible in terms of specific personality traits that women, in comparison to men, require to discuss politics online. Using the ‘Big Five’ personality trait repertory, we show that women that score high on agreeableness are significantly less likely to discuss politics online than men with the same trait. We also find significant differences in the way the personality traits extraversion and openness influence both women’s and men’s participation in online and offline discussion.
Additional file 1 of Acute renal failure after kidney transplantation due to mizoribine-induced ureteral stones
Creators: name: Ding, Mao
name: Zhao, Hongchao
name: Zhu, Hengcheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Table1.The characteristics of Corynebacterium-related encrusted uretero-pyelitis and Mizoribine-induced encrusted ureter.
Cooperation enhanced by inhomogeneous activity of teaching for evolutionary Prisoner's Dilemma games
Creators: name: Szolnoki, Attila
name: Szabo, Gyorgy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evolutionary Prisoner's Dilemma games with quenched inhomogeneities in the spatial dynamical rules are considered. The players following one of the two pure strategies (cooperation or defection) are distributed on a two-dimensional lattice. The rate of strategy adoption from a randomly chosen neighbors are controlled by the payoff difference and a two-value pre-factor $w$ characterizing the players whom the strategy learned from. The reduced teaching activity of players is distributed randomly with concentrations $ν$ at the beginning and fixed further on. Numerical and analytical calculations are performed to study the concentration of cooperators as a function of $w$ and $ν$ for different noise levels and connectivity structures. Significant increase of cooperation is found within a wide range of parameters for this dynamics. The results highlight the importance of asymmetry characterizing the exchange of master-follower role during the strategy adoptions.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, corrected typos
Electrostatic and Magnetostatic Solutions in a Lorentz-Violating Electrodynamics Model
Creators: name: Xue, Xun
name: Wu, Jianfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an effective Lorentz violating electrodynamics model via static de Sitter metric which is deviated from Minkowski metric by a minuscule amount depending on the cosmological constant. We obtain the electromagnetic field equations via the vierbein decomposition of the tensors. In addition, as an application of the electromagnetic field equations obtained, we get the solutions of electrostatic field and magnetostatic field due to a point charge and a circle current respectively and discussed the implication of the effect of Lorentz violation in our electromagnetic theory.
description: 13 pages