cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Single molecule perspectives of model organic semiconductors : energy level mapping by high-resolution scanning probe microscopy
Creators: name: Cochrane, Katherine Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Organic semiconductors are a promising class of materials for many applications such as photovoltaics, light emitting diodes, and field-effect transistors. As these devices rely on the movement of charge at and near interfaces, understanding energy level alignment at these boundaries is essential to improve device performance. Differences in the local environment and surrounding molecular geometry have the potential to cause significant energy level shifts occurring on single molecule length scales, thus affecting device properties. Scanning Probe Microscopy is a family of techniques that allows investigation of materials on the molecular and submolecular level. Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy (STS) allows for the mapping of electronic states with spatial and energetic resolution. Electrostatic Force Spectroscopic (EFS) mapping investigates the local charge distribution of surfaces even down to submolecular resolution. We utilize these techniques to investigate the prototypical semiconductors PTCDA and CuPc on NaCl(2ML)/Ag(111). Nanoislands of PTCDA were examined with STS, revealing strong electronic differences between molecules at the edges and those in the center, with energy level shifts of up to 400 meV. We attribute this to the change in electrostatic environment at the boundaries of clusters, namely via polarization of neighboring molecules. To further investigate the local electrostatics, we use EFS to probe the effect of adding charge to PTCDA molecules, both isolated and within clusters. We found that the charging energy depends on the initial local charge distribution by spatially resolving the charging events with sub-molecular resolution. In order to investigate the influence of interface geometry, we use pixel-by-pixel STS of the prototypical acceptor/donor system PTCDA/CuPc. We observe shifting of the donor and acceptor states in opposite directions, indicating an equilibrium charge transfer between the two. Further, we find that the spatial location of electronic states of both acceptor and donor is strongly dependent on the relative positioning of both molecules in larger clusters. The observation of these strong shifts illustrates a crucial issue: interfacial energy level alignment can differ substantially from the bulk electronic structure in organic materials. This has significant implications for device design, where energy level alignment strongly correlates to device performance.
Prevalence of Female Sexual Dysfunction among Premenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of Observational Studies
Creators: name: McCool, Megan E.
name: Zülke, Andrea
name: Theurich, Melissa A.
name: Knüttel, Helge
name: Ricci, Cristian
name: Apfelbacher, Christian J.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Epidemiology, female sexual dysfunction, female sexual difficulties, meta-analysis, prevalence, systematic review
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Introduction. Epidemiological research in female sexual dysfunction (FSD) has gained momentum in recent years, particularly in clinical populations and among women in menopausemenopausal women. However, sexual dysfunction also affects premenopausal women in general populations. Past literature reviews have been unable to quantify the burden of FSD in general populations. This has been due, in part, to varying definitions of dysfunction, heterogeneous study design, and the wide variety of measurement tools used. Aim. To provide a meta-analytical estimate of the prevalence of FSD among premenopausal women Methods. Observational studies which assessed the prevalence of FSD in premenopausal women were systematically sought in relevant databases (Jan 2000-July 2014). Publications which reported the prevalence rate for at least one domain of FSD were included. A meta-analysis of prevalence rates was performed and a meta-regression was used to analyze factors of study design. Main Outcome Measures. Estimated prevalence rates of FSD and its domains (hypoactive sexual desire disorder, sexual aversion disorder, female sexual arousal disorder, lubrication difficulties, female orgasmic disorder, pain disorders) Results. After screening 9292 results, 440 publications were retrieved for full text review. Of these, 135 studies were included in the systematic review. Ninety-five of these studies were further assessed in a meta-analysis. There was substantial heterogeneity among the studies. The prevalence of FSD among premenopausal women was estimated to be 40.9% (95% CI: 37.1;44.7, I²=99.0%). Prevalence rates of the individual sexual disorders ranged between 20.6% (lubrication difficulties) and 28.2% (hypoactive sexual desire disorder). Further analyses revealed significantly higher rates of FSD in studies in Africa, studies using non-validated assessment tools and studies without pharmaceutical funding. Conclusions. Prevalence estimates of FSD vary substantially. Still, results show that FSD is a significant public health problem which affects 41% of premenopausal women around the globe. More research and improved standardization are needed in this field. Systematic review registration. PROSPERO: CRD42014009526
Searches for Supersymmetry in events with one-lepton, jets and missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: Gignac, Matthew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics has provided a remarkable description of experimental results across a wide energy range, but nevertheless is regarded as a low energy effective theory. Supersymmetry (SUSY) is an extension of the Poincare symmetry group that predicts partner particles for each of the SM particles. This dissertation focuses on searches for SUSY particles in proton-proton collisions delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and collected by the ATLAS detector. The lightest chargino (C1) and next-to-lightest neutralino (N2) are searched for in proton collisions using 20.3 inverse femtobarns at √s = 8 TeV. Building on the discovery of the 125 GeV Higgs boson in 2012, the targeted decay modes of the chargino and neutralino are N2→hN1 and C1→WN1. A final state of one-lepton, two b-jets from the Higgs boson decay, and missing transverse momentum is explored. No excesses above the SM backgrounds are observed, and the results are statistically combined with analyses targeting other Higgs decay channels. In addition, the direct pair production of squarks or gluinos is searched for using 36.5 inverse femtobarns of data collected at √s = 13 TeV. A final state of one-lepton, 2-6 jets, and missing transverse momentum is explored. Four signal regions are devised to target the wide range of kinematics expected from the decay of the squarks or gluinos. The data is found to be consistent with SM only expectations. The results from both searches are interpreted in a combination of simplified and phenomenological models. The first layer of the Muon Spectrometer end-cap will be replaced with the New Small Wheels (NSW) in 2019 to improve triggering and tracking capabilities in the forward regions of the ATLAS detector. Small-strip Thin Gap Chambers (sTGC) are one of the two detector technologies that will be used in the NSW, and are studied under prolonged radiation in preparation for their installation. A prototype sTGC detector is irradiated with a Strontium-90 source of intensity 10mCi. No degradation of the signal characteristics is observed up to 11.8 C/cm of accumulated charge per cm of wire.
เทคโนโลยีนวัตกรรมการบริหารงานวิชาการของสถานศึกษาเอกชน
Creators: name: ชนิกานต์ ยงค์สุรี
Publisher: name: ชมรมวิทยาลัยนวัตกรรมการจัดการ
Year: 2023
Subjects: เทคโนโลยีนวัตกรรม
การบริหารงานวิชาการ
สถานศึกษาเอกชน

description: วารสารวิชาการ การจัดการภาครัฐและเอกชน, 5, 1, 223-234
The collapse of the wave function in the joint metric-matter quantization for inflation
Creators: name: Diez-Tejedor, Alberto
name: León, Gabriel
name: Sudarsky, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been argued that the standard inflationary scenario suffers from a serious deficiency as a model for the origin of the seeds of cosmic structure: it can not truly account for the transition from an early homogeneous and isotropic stage to another one lacking such symmetries. The issue has often been thought as a standard instance of the "quantum measurement problem", but as has been recently argued by some of us the situation reaches a critical level in the cosmological context of interest here. This has lead to a proposal in which the standard paradigm is supplemented by a hypothesis concerning the self-induced dynamical collapse of the wave function, as representing the physical mechanism through which such change of symmetry is brought forth. This proposal was formulated within the context of semiclassical gravity. Here we investigate an alternative realization of such idea implemented directly within the standard analysis in terms of a quantum field jointly describing the inflaton and metric perturbations, the so called Mukhanov-Sasaki variable. We show that even though the prescription is quite different, the theoretical predictions include some deviations from the standard ones, which are indeed very similar to those found in the early studies. We briefly discuss the differences between the two at both, the conceptual and practical levels.
description: 31 pages, 6 figures. Replaced to match the published version
A search for radical intermediates in the photocycle of LOV domains
Creators: name: Kutta, Roger J.
name: Magerl, Kathrin
name: Kensy, Uwe
name: Dick, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: LOV domains are the light sensitive parts of phototropins and many other light-activated enzymes that regulate the response to blue light in plants and algae as well as some fungi and bacteria. Unlike all other biological photoreceptors known so far, the photocycle of LOV domains involves the excited triplet state of the chromophore. This chromophore is flavin mononucleotide (FMN) which forms a covalent adduct with a cysteine residue in the signaling state. Since the formation of this adduct from the triplet state involves breaking and forming of two bonds as well as a change from the triplet to the singlet spin state, various intermediates have been proposed, e.g. a protonated triplet state 3FMNH+, the radical anion 2FMN˙−, or the neutral semiquinone radical 2FMNH˙. We performed an extensive search for these intermediates by two-dimensional transient absorption (2D-TA) with a streak camera. However, no transient with a rate constant between the decay of fluorescence and the decay of the triplet state could be detected. Analysis of the decay associated difference spectra results in quantum yields for the formation of the adduct from the triplet of ΦA(LOV1) ≈ 0.75 and ΦA(LOV2) ≈ 0.80. This is lower than the values ΦA(LOV1) ≈ 0.95 and ΦA(LOV2) ≈ 0.99 calculated from the rate constants, giving indirect evidence of an intermediate that reacts either to form the adduct or to decay back to the ground state. Since there is no measurable delay between the decay of the triplet and the formation of the adduct, we conclude that this intermediate reacts much faster than it is formed. The LOV1-C57S mutant shows a weak and slowly decaying (τ > 100 μs) transient whose decay associated spectrum has bands at 375 and 500 nm, with a shoulder at 400 nm. This transient is insensitive to the pH change in the range 6.5–10.0 but increases on addition of β-mercaptoethanol as the reducing agent. We assign this intermediate to the radical anion which is protected from protonation by the protein. We propose that the adduct is formed via the same intermediate by combination of the radical ion pair.
description: Open Access Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz
Geometric Auslander criterion for openness of an algebraic morphism
Creators: name: Adamus, Janusz
name: Bierstone, Edward
name: Milman, Pierre D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 14B25, Secondary 14Q20

description: We give an effective criterion for openness of a morphism of schemes of finite type over a field: Over a normal base of dimension n, failure of openness is detected by a vertical component in the n'th fibred power of the morphism. This is a topological analogue of a criterion for flatness that originates with Auslander.
description: Published version
Suppression of charged particle production at large transverse momentum in central Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76$ TeV
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inclusive transverse momentum spectra of primary charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV have been measured by the ALICE Collaboration at the LHC. The data are presented for central and peripheral collisions, corresponding to 0-5% and 70-80% of the hadronic Pb-Pb cross section. The measured charged particle spectra in $|η|<0.8$ and $0.3 < p_T < 20$ GeV/$c$ are compared to the expectation in pp collisions at the same $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$, scaled by the number of underlying nucleon-nucleon collisions. The comparison is expressed in terms of the nuclear modification factor $R_{\rm AA}$. The result indicates only weak medium effects ($R_{\rm AA} \approx $ 0.7) in peripheral collisions. In central collisions, $R_{\rm AA}$ reaches a minimum of about 0.14 at $p_{\rm T}=6$-7GeV/$c$ and increases significantly at larger $p_{\rm T}$. The measured suppression of high-$p_{\rm T}$ particles is stronger than that observed at lower collision energies, indicating that a very dense medium is formed in central Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC.
description: 15 pages, 5 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 10, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/989
Interaction of cCMP with the cGK, cAK and MAPK Kinases in Murine Tissues
Creators: name: Wolfertstetter, S.
name: Reinders, Jörg
name: Schwede, F.
name: Ruth, P.
name: Schinner, E.
name: Schlossmann, Jens
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: cAMP and cGMP are well established second messengers that are essential for numerous (patho)physiological processes. These purine cyclic nucleotides activate cAK and cGK, respectively. Recently, the existence of cCMP was described, and a possible function for this cyclic nucleotide was investigated. It was postulated that cCMP plays a role as a second messenger. However, the functions regulated by cCMP are mostly unknown. To elucidate probable functions, cCMP-binding and -activated proteins were identified using different methods. We investigated the effect of cCMP on purified cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases and lung and jejunum tissues of wild type (WT), cGKI-knockout (cGKI KO) and cGKII-knockout (cGKII KO) mice. The catalytic activity of protein kinases was measured by a (γ-32P) ATP kinase assay. Cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases (cAK, cGKI and cGKII) in WT tissue lysates were stimulated by cCMP. In contrast, there was no stimulation of phosphorylation in KO tissue lysates. Competitive binding assays identified cAK, cGKI, and cGKII as cCMP-binding proteins. An interaction between cCMP/MAPK and a protein-protein complex of MAPK/cGK were detected via cCMP affinity chromatography and co-immunoprecipitation, respectively. These complexes were abolished or reduced in jejunum tissues from cGKI KO or cGKII KO mice. In contrast, these complexes were observed in the lung tissues from WT, cGKI KO and cGKII KO mice. Moreover, cCMP was also able to stimulate the phosphorylation of MAPK. These results suggest that MAPK signaling is regulated by cGMP-dependent protein kinases upon activation by cCMP. Based on these results, we propose that additional cCMP-dependent protein kinases that are capable of modulating MAPK signaling could exist. Hence, cCMP could potentially act as a second messenger in the cAK/cGK and MAPK signaling pathways and play an important role in physiological processes of the jejunum and lung.
Additional file 1 of Spontaneous quorum-sensing hierarchy reprogramming in Pseudomonas aeruginosa laboratory strain PAO1
Creators: name: Cheng, Xiaoyan
name: Lu, Mingqi
name: Qiu, Huifang
name: Li, Yuanhao
name: Huang, Linfeng
name: Dai, Weijun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary information in this study.
Reversible magnetic mercury extraction from water
Creators: name: Fernandes, S.
name: Eichenseer, C. M.
name: Kreitmeier, Peter
name: Rewitzer, J.
name: Zlateski, V.
name: Grass, R. N.
name: Stark, W. J.
name: Reiser, Oliver
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: A facile and efficient way to decontaminate mercury(II) polluted water with the aid of magnetic, highly stable and recyclable carbon coated cobalt (Co/C) nanoparticles is reported. Comparing non-functionalised Co/C nanomagnets with particles that were functionalised with amino moieties, the latter one proved to be more effective for scavenging mercury with respect to extraction capacity and recyclability. A novel nanoparticle–poly(ethyleneimine) hybrid (Co/C–PEI) prepared by direct ring opening polymerization of aziridine initiated by an amine functionalised nanoparticle surface led to a high capacity material (10 mmol amino groups per g nanomaterial) and thus proved to be the best material for scavenging toxic mercury at relevant concentrations (mg L−1/μg L−1) for at least 6 consecutive cycles. On a large-scale, 20 L of drinking water with an initial Hg2+ concentration of 30 μg L−1 can be decontaminated to the level acceptable for drinking water (≤2 μg L−1) with just 60 mg of Co/C–PEI particles.
description: Open Access Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz
Low-activated Li-ion mobility and metal to semiconductor transition in CdP2@Li phases
Creators: name: Eckstein, N.
name: Krüger, I.
name: Bachhuber, Frederik
name: Weihrich, Richard
name: Barquera-Lozada, J. E.
name: van Wüllen, L.
name: Nilges, Tom
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: Solids with high ion mobility are of broad interest for energy storage applications. New systems featuring low-activated ion mobility are important to improve the performance in such systems. Herein we report on a model system dealing with such improved properties. Li0.2CdP2 was synthesized from the elements, lithium as structure stabilizer and CdI2 as reaction promoters in sealed silica ampoules at 823 K. It crystallizes tetragonal, in space group I4122 (α-CdAs2 structure type), with lattice parameters a = 7.6691(8) Å, c = 4.4467(4) Å and V = 261.53(4) Å3. After 24 h of storage in air lithium ions can be removed in a spontaneous delithiation reaction resulting in Li(OH)·H2O formation on the surface of the crystals. Formed α′-CdP2 adopts the α-CdAs2 structure type. Both compounds consist of isolated cadmium atoms and helical 1∞[P−]-chains generating empty channels suitable to accommodate Li ions. The heavy atom structure was determined by X-ray diffraction methods while a full model including lithium was derived from a combined solid state NMR and quantum chemical calculation approach. An low activation barrier range in the order of 0.1 to 0.2 eV was determined by NMR spectroscopy pointing towards an extraordinary high Li mobility in Li0.2CdP2. Of course a Cd-based solid will have certain disadvantages like toxicity and mass for storage applications but substitution of Cd by suitable lighter elements can solve this issue.
description: Open Access Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz
Dansgaard-Oeschger events: tipping points in the climate system
Creators: name: Cimatoribus, Andrea A.
name: Drijfhout, Sybren S.
name: Livina, Valerie
name: van der Schrier, Gerard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dansgaard-Oeschger events are a prominent mode of variability in the records of the last glacial cycle. Various prototype models have been proposed to explain these rapid climate fluctuations, and no agreement has emerged on which may be the more correct for describing the paleoclimatic signal. In this work, we assess the bimodality of the system reconstructing the topology of the multi--dimensional attractor over which the climate system evolves. We use high-resolution ice core isotope data to investigate the statistical properties of the climate fluctuations in the period before the onset of the abrupt change. We show that Dansgaard-Oeschger events have weak early warning signals if the ensemble of events is considered. We find that the statistics are consistent with the switches between two different climate equilibrium states in response to a changing external forcing (e.g. solar, ice sheets...), either forcing directly the transition or pacing it through stochastic resonance. These findings are most consistent with a model that associates Dansgaard-Oeschger with changing boundary conditions, and with the presence of a bifurcation point.
description: Final typeset version freely available at: Clim. Past, 9, 323-333, 2013 www.clim-past.net/9/323/2013/ doi:10.5194/cp-9-323-2013
Comprehensive landscape report on the capacities of tissue culture laboratories to produce high-quality pre-basic and basic planting materials of banana, cassava and sweet potato in Ethiopia, Tanzania and Uganda
Creators: name: Wambugu, Florence
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Comprehensive landscape report on the capacities of tissue culture laboratories to produce high-quality pre-basic and basic planting materials of banana, cassava and sweet potato in Ethiopia, Tanzania and Uganda
A photonic crystal based sensing scheme for acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Creators: name: Fenzl, Christoph
name: Genslein, Christa
name: Zöpfl, Alexander
name: Bäumner, Antje
name: Hirsch, Thomas
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: We present a new scheme for sensing biomolecules by combining an enzyme hydrogel with a photonic crystal hydrogel layer that responds to ionic strength and pH changes. We demonstrate this unique combination by successfully detecting acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. Specifically, the sandwich assembly is composed of layers of photonic crystals and a polyacrylamide hydrogel functionalized with AChE. The photonic crystal film has a red color and turns dark purple within 2–6 minutes of the enzymatic reaction upon analyte addition. This 3D photonic crystal sensor responds to acetylcholine in the 1 nM to 10 μM concentration range (which includes the relevant range of ACh concentrations in human body fluids). Michaelis–Menten kinetics of the enzyme were determined which correlated well with literature data demonstrating the uninhibited reactivity of the immobilized enzyme. Furthermore, the presence of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine at concentrations as low as 1 fM was demonstrated, which is even below the necessary detection limit for clinical diagnostics. We suggest that this novel concept will find its application in clinical diagnostics, for pesticide and nerve agent detection.
description: Open Access Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz
Midrapidity antiproton-to-proton ratio in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 0.9$ and $7$ TeV measured by the ALICE experiment
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ratio of the yields of antiprotons to protons in pp collisions has been measured by the ALICE experiment at $\sqrt{s} = 0.9$ and $7$ TeV during the initial running periods of the Large Hadron Collider(LHC). The measurement covers the transverse momentum interval $0.45 < p_{\rm{t}} < 1.05$ GeV/$c$ and rapidity $|y| < 0.5$. The ratio is measured to be $R_{|y| < 0.5} = 0.957 \pm 0.006 (stat.) \pm 0.014 (syst.)$ at $0.9$ TeV and $R_{|y| < 0.5} = 0.991 \pm 0.005 (stat.) \pm 0.014 (syst.)$ at $7$ TeV and it is independent of both rapidity and transverse momentum. The results are consistent with the conventional model of baryon-number transport and set stringent limits on any additional contributions to baryon-number transfer over very large rapidity intervals in pp collisions.
description: 12 pages, 4 captioned figures, 2 tables, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/3905
A novel set of symmetric methylene blue derivatives exhibits effective bacteria photokilling – a structure–response study
Creators: name: Gollmer, Anita
name: Felgenträger, Ariane
name: Bäumler, Wolfgang
name: Maisch, Tim
name: Späth, Andreas
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie
subject: 610 Medizin

description: This study focuses on the structure–response relationship of symmetrically substituted phenothiazinium dyes. Four hydrophilic derivatives with the ability of additional hydrogen bonding (5, 6) or additional electrostaticinteraction (3, 4) were synthesized, photophysically characterized and compared to the parent compound methylene blue (MB, 1) and a lipophilic derivative (2) without additional coordination sites. Derivative 5 was most effective against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli reaching a maximum photodynamic efficacy of >5log10 steps (≥99.999%) of bacteria killing in 10 minutes (5 μM, 30 J cm−2) without inherent dark toxicity after one single treatment with the incoherent light source PDT1200 (λmax = 660 nm, 50 mW cm−2). Interestingly, one derivative with two additional primary positive charges (3) showed selective killing of Escherichia coli (5 μM, 30 J cm−2, 4log10 steps inactivation (≥99.99%)) and no antimicrobial effect on Staphylococcus aureus. This might allow the development of a new generation of photosensitizers with higher antimicrobial efficacy and selectivity for future applications.
description: Open Access Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz
Centrality dependence of the charged-particle multiplicity density at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The centrality dependence of the charged-particle multiplicity density at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV is presented. The charged-particle density normalized per participating nucleon pair increases by about a factor 2 from peripheral (70-80%) to central (0-5%) collisions. The centrality dependence is found to be similar to that observed at lower collision energies. The data are compared with models based on different mechanisms for particle production in nuclear collisions.
description: 14 pages, 3 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 9, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/3891
Comparative morphology of the postpharyngeal gland in the Philanthinae (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) and the evolution of anantimicrobial brood protection mechanism
Creators: name: Herzner, Gudrun
name: Weiss, Katharina
name: Strohm, Erhard
name: Kaltenpoth, Martin
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Postpharyngeal gland; 3D reconstruction; Comparative morphology; Prey preservation; Antimicrobial; Antifungal; Crabronidae; Philanthinae; Beewolves
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Background Hymenoptera that mass-provision their offspring have evolved elaborate antimicrobial strategies to ward off fungal infestation of the highly nutritive larval food. Females of the Afro-European Philanthus triangulum and the South American Trachypus elongatus (Crabronidae, Philanthinae) embalm their prey, paralyzed bees, with a secretion from a complex postpharyngeal gland (PPG). This coating consists of mainly unsaturated hydrocarbons and reduces water accumulation on the prey’s surface, thus rendering it unfavorable for fungal growth. Here we (1) investigated whether a North American Philanthus species also employs prey embalming and (2) assessed the occurrence and morphology of a PPG among females of the subfamily Philanthinae in order to elucidate the evolution of prey embalming as an antimicrobial strategy. Results We provide clear evidence that females of the North American Philanthus gibbosus possess large PPGs and embalm their prey. The comparative analyses of 26 species from six genera of the Philanthinae, using histological methods and 3D-reconstructions, revealed pronounced differences in gland morphology within the subfamily. A formal statistical analysis based on defined characters of the glands confirmed that while all members of the derived tribe Philanthini have large and complex PPGs, species of the two more basal tribes, Cercerini and Aphilanthopsini, possess simple and comparatively small glands. According to an ancestral state reconstruction, the complex PPG most likely evolved in the last common ancestor of the Philanthini, thus representing an autapomorphy of this tribe. Conclusion Prey embalming, as described for P. triangulum and T. elongatus, and now also for P. gibbosus, most probably requires a complex PPG. Hence, the morphology and size of the PPG may allow for inferences about the origin and distribution of the prey embalming behavior within the Philanthinae. Based on our results, we suggest that prey embalming has evolved as an antimicrobial strategy in and is restricted to the tribe Philanthini, which seems to face exceptional threats with regard to fungal infestations of their larval provisions.
Analysis of price incentives for rice in Burundi for the time period 2005-2014
Creators: name: Adélard Akintore
name: Merline Nimenya
name: Ilboudo, Francine
name: Ghins, Léopold
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Analysis of price incentives for rice in Burundi for the time period 2005-2014
The spaces of social finance : poverty regulation through the "invisible heart" of markets
Creators: name: Rosenman, Emily Thea
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Social finance is a style of investing organized around the theory that private profit-making can create positive benefits for society. It is practiced through a diverse range of financial instruments that invest in welfare and anti-poverty services, making the “social” into the object of financial investment. In the wake of the financial industry’s crisis of legitimacy after the 2008 global financial meltdown, social finance attempts to reframe finance as a force for, rather than barrier to, social good. As governments embrace social finance and as new investors flock to the sector, this dissertation asks whether social finance uses profit to engender a more holistic range of values – as argued by the movement’s proponents – or whether it marks a further entrenchment of financial logics into existing models of poverty regulation. The research questions explored here are: 1) what are the institutional configurations of the industry, 2) how does social finance represent financial and social value, and 3) what are the relational connections between what I call the ideology of social finance, its models and calculative practices, and the governance of poverty interventions? I answer these questions through a commodity-chain approach, analyzing social finance models in relation to case studies of how investments in the American subsidized housing sector are marketed and made. The project draws from multi-sited ethnography, participant observation, and document analysis. I find that social finance appropriates existing models of poverty alleviation in what I argue is a process of financialization. To attract new capital, social finance operates through shifting the governance of the anti-poverty industry toward profit logics and prioritizing investor decision-making over funding priorities, muting the role of government and NGO service providers in determining social needs. The success of social finance projects depends on segmenting people and places into those deemed more or less deserving of investment; profits rely on expanding the infrastructure of contracted-out intermediaries that have facilitated private investments in welfare since the 1970s. In practice, social finance marks more a shift in the governance of anti-poverty programs than a shift in the practices of the financial industry.
Effects of spin–orbit coupling and many-body correlations in STM transport through copper phthalocyanine
Creators: name: Siegert, Benjamin
name: Donarini, Andrea
name: Grifoni, Milena
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: anisotropy; copper phthalocyanine; magnetotransport; spin–orbit interaction; scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)
subject: 530 Physik

description: The interplay of exchange correlations and spin–orbit interaction (SOI) on the many-body spectrum of a copper phtalocyanine (CuPc) molecule and their signatures in transport are investigated. We first derive a minimal model Hamiltonian in a basis of frontier orbitals that is able to reproduce experimentally observed singlet–triplet splittings. In a second step SOI effects are included perturbatively. Major consequences of the SOI are the splitting of former degenerate levels and a magnetic anisotropy, which can be captured by an effective low-energy spin Hamiltonian. We show that scanning tunneling microscopy-based magnetoconductance measurements can yield clear signatures of both these SOI-induced effects.
Abelian quotients of subgroups of the mapping class group and higher Prym representations
Creators: name: Putman, Andrew
name: Wieland, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A well-known conjecture asserts that the mapping class group of a surface (possibly with punctures/boundary) does not virtually surject onto $\Z$ if the genus of the surface is large. We prove that if this conjecture holds for some genus, then it also holds for all larger genera. We also prove that if there is a counterexample to this conjecture, then there must be a counterexample of a particularly simple form. We prove these results by relating the conjecture to a family of linear representations of the mapping class group that we call the higher Prym representations. They generalize the classical symplectic representation.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures; appendix added containing a new counterexample in genus 1; to appear in J. London Math. Soc
A Metabolome-Wide Association Study of Kidney Function and Disease in the General Population
Creators: name: Sekula, P.
name: Goek, O. N.
name: Quaye, L.
name: Barrios, C.
name: Levey, A. S.
name: Romisch-Margl, W.
name: Menni, C.
name: Yet, I.
name: Gieger, C.
name: Inker, L. A.
name: Adamski, J.
name: Gronwald, Wolfram
name: Illig, T.
name: Dettmer, Katja
name: Krumsiek, J.
name: Oefner, Peter J.
name: Valdes, A. M.
name: Meisinger, C.
name: Coresh, J.
name: Spector, T. D.
name: Mohney, R. P.
name: Suhre, K.
name: Kastenmuller, G.
name: Kottgen, A.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: Small molecules are extensively metabolized and cleared by the kidney. Changes in serum metabolite concentrations may result from impaired kidney function and can be used to estimate filtration (e.g., the established marker creatinine) or may precede and potentially contribute to CKD development. Here, we applied a nontargeted metabolomics approach using gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to quantify 493 small molecules in human serum. The associations of these molecules with GFR estimated on the basis of creatinine (eGFRcr) and cystatin C levels were assessed in ≤1735 participants in the KORA F4 study, followed by replication in 1164 individuals in the TwinsUK registry. After correction for multiple testing, 54 replicated metabolites significantly associated with eGFRcr, and six of these showed pairwise correlation (r≥0.50) with established kidney function measures: C-mannosyltryptophan, pseudouridine, N-acetylalanine, erythronate, myo-inositol, and N-acetylcarnosine. Higher C-mannosyltryptophan, pseudouridine, and O-sulfo-L-tyrosine concentrations associated with incident CKD (eGFRcr <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) in the KORA F4 study. In contrast with serum creatinine, C-mannosyltryptophan and pseudouridine concentrations showed little dependence on sex. Furthermore, correlation with measured GFR in 200 participants in the AASK study was 0.78 for both C-mannosyltryptophan and pseudouridine concentration, and highly significant associations of both metabolites with incident ESRD disappeared upon adjustment for measured GFR. Thus, these molecules may be alternative or complementary markers of kidney function. In conclusion, our study provides a comprehensive list of kidney function–associated metabolites and highlights potential novel filtration markers that may help to improve the estimation of GFR.
Intuitive representation of surface properties of biomolecules using BioBlender
Creators: name: Andrei, Raluca Mihaela
name: Callieri, Marco
name: Zini, Maria Francesca
name: Loni, Tiziana
name: Maraziti, Giuseppe
name: Pan, Mike Chen
name: Zoppè, Monica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this and the associated article 'BioBlender: Fast and Efficient All Atom Morphing of Proteins Using Blender Game Engine', by Zini et al., we present BioBlender, a complete instrument for the elaboration of motion (Zini et al.) and the visualization (here) of proteins and other macromolecules, using instruments of computer graphics. The availability of protein structures enables the study of their surfaces and surface properties such as electrostatic potential (EP) and hydropathy (MLP), based on atomic contribution. Recent advances in 3D animation and rendering software have not yet been exploited for the representation of proteins and other biological molecules in an intuitive, animated form. Taking advantage of an open-source, 3D animation and rendering software, Blender, we developed BioBlender, a package dedicated to biological work: elaboration of proteins' motions with the simultaneous visualization of chemical and physical features. EP and MLP are calculated using physico-chemical programs and custom programs and scripts, organized and accessed within BioBlender interface. A new visual code is introduced for MLP visualization: a range of optical features that permits a photorealistic rendering of its spatial distribution on the surface of the protein. EP is represented as animated line particles that flow along field lines proportional to the total charge of the protein. Our system permits EP and MLP visualization of molecules and, in the case of moving proteins, the continuous perception of these features, calculated for each intermediate conformation. Using real world tactile/sight feelings, the nanoscale world of proteins becomes more understandable, familiar to our everyday life, making it easier to introduce "un-seen" phenomena (concepts) such as hydropathy or charges.
description: One of two strictly related papers. The other one is: Zini et al. 'BioBlender: Fast and Efficient All Atom Morphing of Proteins Using Blender Game Engine'. This paper is 12 pages, with 6 Figures
Iron-catalyzed olefin hydrogenation at 1 bar H2 with a FeCl3–LiAlH4 catalyst
Creators: name: Gieshoff, Tim N.
name: Villa, Matteo
name: Welther, Alice
name: Plois, Markus
name: Chakraborty, Uttam
name: Wolf, Robert
name: Jacobi von Wangelin, Axel
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: The scope and mechanism of a practical protocol for the iron-catalyzed hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes at 1 bar H2 pressure were studied. The catalyst is formed from cheap chemicals (5 mol% FeCl3–LiAlH4, THF). A homogeneous mechanism operates at early stages of the reaction while active nanoparticles form upon ageing of the catalyst solution.
description: Open Access Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz
Analysis of price incentives for coffee in Burundi for the time period 2005-2014
Creators: name: Demanet, Caroline
name: Douce Angélique Nineza
name: Ciza, Gérard
name: Ghins, Léopold
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Analysis of price incentives for coffee in Burundi for the time period 2005-2014
A recyclable CO surrogate in regioselective alkoxycarbonylation of alkenes: indirect use of carbon dioxide
Creators: name: Gehrtz, Paul Henry
name: Hirschbeck, Vera
name: Fleischer, Ivana
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: Herein, we report a Pd-catalysed alkoxycarbonylation of alkenes based on the use of a recyclable CO2 reduction product, the crystalline and air-stable N-formylsaccharin, as a CO surrogate. The carbonylation proceeds under ambient conditions in an exceptionally complementary regioselective fashion yielding the desired branched products from styrene derivatives and valuable linear esters from alkyl-substituted alkenes.
description: Open Access Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz
Two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations in central Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first measurement of two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations in central Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76$ TeV at the Large Hadron Collider is presented. We observe a growing trend with energy now not only for the longitudinal and the outward but also for the sideward pion source radius. The pion homogeneity volume and the decoupling time are significantly larger than those measured at RHIC.
description: 17 pages, 5 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 12, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/3881
Additional file 1 of Rapid monitoring of health services use following a policy to switch patients from originator to biosimilar etanercept—a cohort study in British Columbia
Creators: name: Fisher, Anat
name: Kim, Jason D.
name: Carney, Greg
name: Dormuth, Colin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Table 1. Cohorts construction: exclusion criteria. Supplementary Table 2. Drugs by therapeutic group. Supplementary Figure 1. Cumulative quantity of etanercept (originator or biosimilar) dispensed (mg per patient) over the follow-up period, by cohort. Supplementary Figure 2. Cumulative number of days on conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) per patient, over the follow-up period, by cohort. Supplementary Figure 3. Cumulative number of days on oral steroids per patient, over the follow-up period, by cohort. Supplementary Figure 4. Cumulative number of days on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) per patient, over the follow-up period, by cohort.
Bistability phenomena in one-dimensional polariton wires
Creators: name: Magnusson, E. B.
name: Savenko, I. G.
name: Shelykh, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the phenomena of bistability and domain wall propagation in polaritonic systems with dissipation provided by the interaction with incoherent phonon bath. The results on the temperature dependence of the polariton bistability behavior and polariton neuron switching are presented.
description: 6 pages + 4 figures. Continuation of the work published in Phys. Rev. B 83, 165316 (2011)
The approach to 4d/4f-polyphosphides
Creators: name: Arleth, Nicholas
name: Gamer, Michael T.
name: Köppe, Ralf
name: Pushkarevsky, Nikolay A.
name: Konchenko, Sergey N.
name: Fleischmann, Martin
name: Bodensteiner, Michael
name: Scheer, Manfred
name: Roesky, Peter W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: The first 4d/4f polyphosphides were obtained by reaction of the divalent metallocenes [Cp*2Ln(thf)2] (Ln = Sm, Yb) with [{CpMo(CO)2}2(μ,η2:2-P2)] or [Cp*Mo(CO)2(η3-P3)]. Treatment of [Cp*2Ln(thf)2] (Ln = Sm, Yb) with [{CpMo(CO)2}2(μ,η2:2-P2)] gave the 16-membered bicyclic compounds [(Cp2*Ln)2P2(CpMo(CO)2)4] (Ln = Sm, Yb) as the major products. From the reaction involving samarocene, the cyclic P4 complex [(Cp*2Sm)2P4(CpMo(CO)2)2] and the cyclic P5 complex [(Cp*2Sm)3P5(CpMo(CO)2)3] were also obtained as minor products. In each reaction, the P2 unit is reduced and a rearrangement occurred. In dedicated cases, a P–P bond formation takes place, which results in a new aggregation of the central phosphorus scaffold. In the reactions of [Cp*2Ln(thf)2] (Ln = Sm, Yb) with [Cp*Mo(CO)2P3] a new P–P bond is formed by reductive dimerization and the 4d/4f hexaphosphides [(Cp*2Ln)2P6(Cp*Mo(CO)2)2] (Ln = Sm, Yb) were obtained.
description: Open Access Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz
Additional file 1 of Intraoperative radiation therapy for early stage breast cancer
Creators: name: Zangouri, Vahid
name: Nasrollahi, Hamid
name: Taheri, Ali
name: Akrami, Majid
name: Arasteh, Peyman
name: Hamedi, Seyed Hassan
name: Johari, Masoumeh Ghoddusi
name: Karimaghaee, Nazanin
name: Ranjbar, Aliye
name: Karami, Mohammad Yasin
name: Tahmasebi, Sedigheh
name: Mosalaei, Ahmad
name: Talei, Abdolrasoul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Supplement Table. Detailed information among patients with recurrence of primary cancer.
A new class of luminescent Cu(I) complexes with tripodal ligands – TADF emitters for the yellow to red color range
Creators: name: Gneuß, Timo
name: Leitl, Markus J.
name: Finger, Lars H.
name: Rau, Nikolas
name: Yersin, Hartmut
name: Sundermeyer, Jörg
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: A new class of emissive and neutral Cu(I) compounds with tripodal ligands is presented. The complexes were characterized chemically, computationally, and photophysically. Under ambient conditions, the powders of the compounds exhibit yellow to red emission with quantum yields ranging from about 5% to 35%. The emission represents a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) combined with a short-lived phosphorescence which represents a rare situation and is a consequence of high spin–orbit coupling (SOC). In the series of the investigated compounds the non-radiative rates increase with decreasing emission energy according to the energy gap law while the radiative rate is almost constant. Furthermore, a well-fit linear dependence between the experimental emission energies and the transition energies calculated by DFT and TD-DFT methods could be established, thus supporting the applicability of these computational methods also to Cu(I) complexes.
description: Open Access Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz