cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spinor-Induced Instability of Kinks, Holes and Quantum Droplets
Creators: name: Kartashov, Yaroslav V.
name: Lashkin, V. M.
name: Modugno, Michele
name: Torner, Lluis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the existence and stability of one-dimensional (1D) holes and kinks and two-dimensional (2D) vortex-holes nested in extended binary Bose mixtures, which emerge in the presence of Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) quantum corrections to the mean-field energy, along with self-bound quantum droplets. We consider both the symmetric system with equal intra-species scattering lengths and atomic masses, modeled by a single (scalar) LHY-corrected Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE), and the general asymmetric case with different intra-species scattering lengths, described by two coupled (spinor) GPEs. We found that in the symmetric setting, 1D and 2D holes can exist in a stable form within a range of chemical potentials that overlaps with that of self-bound quantum droplets, but that extends far beyond it. In this case, holes are found to be stable in 1D and they transform into pairs of stable out-of-phase kinks at the critical chemical potential at which localized droplets turn into flat-top states, thereby revealing the connection between localized and extended nonlinear states. In contrast, spinor nature of the asymmetric systems may lead to instability of 1D holes, which tend to break into two gray states moving in the opposite directions. Such instability arises due to spinor nature of the system and it affects only holes nested in extended modulationally-stable backgrounds, while localized quantum droplet families remain completely stable, even in the asymmetric case, while 1D holes remain stable only close to the point where they transform into pairs of kinks. We also found that symmetric systems allow fully stable 2D vortex-carrying single-charge states at moderate amplitudes, while unconventional instabilities appear also at high amplitudes. Symmetry also strongly inhibits instabilities for double-charge vortex-holes, which thus exhibit unexpectedly robust evolutions at low amplitudes.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, to appear in New Journal of Physics
Characterizing Properties and Trade-offs of Centralized Delegation Mechanisms in Liquid Democracy
Creators: name: Brubach, Brian
name: Ballarin, Audrey
name: Nazeer, Heeba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Liquid democracy is a form of transitive delegative democracy that has received a flurry of scholarly attention from the computer science community in recent years. In its simplest form, every agent starts with one vote and may have other votes assigned to them via delegation from other agents. They can choose to delegate all votes assigned to them to another agent or vote directly with all votes assigned to them. However, many proposed realizations of liquid democracy allow for agents to express their delegation/voting preferences in more complex ways (e.g., a ranked list of potential delegates) and employ a centralized delegation mechanism to compute the final vote tally. In doing so, centralized delegation mechanisms can make decisions that affect the outcome of a vote and where/whether agents are able to delegate their votes. Much of the analysis thus far has focused on the ability of these mechanisms to make a correct choice. We extend this analysis by introducing and formalizing other important properties of a centralized delegation mechanism in liquid democracy with respect to crucial features such as accountability, transparency, explainability, fairness, and user agency. In addition, we evaluate existing methods in terms of these properties, show how some prior work can be augmented to achieve desirable properties, prove impossibility results for achieving certain sets of properties simultaneously, and highlight directions for future work.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, to appear in ACM FAccT 2022
Cold-mode and hot-mode accretion in galaxy formation: an entropy approach
Creators: name: Tollet, Édouard
name: Cattaneo, Andrea
name: Macciò, Andrea V.
name: Kang, Xi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analysed two cosmological zoom simulations with $M_{\rm vir}\sim 10^{12}{\rm\,M}_\odot$ from the NIHAO series, both with and without feedback. We show that an entropy criterion based on the equation of state of the intergalactic medium can successfully separate cold- and hot-mode accretion. The shock-heated gas has non-negligible turbulent support and cools inefficiently. In the simulations without feedback, only a small fraction ($\sim 20$ per cent) of the stellar mass comes from baryons that have been in the hot circumgalactic medium, although quantitative conclusions should be taken with caution due to our small-number statistics. With feedback, the fraction is larger because of the reaccretion of gas heated by supernovae, which has lower entropies and shorter cooling times than the gas heated by accretion shocks. We have compared the results of NIHAO to predictions of the GalICS 2.1 semianalytic model of galaxy formation. The shock-stability criterion implemented in GalICS 2.1 successfully reproduces the transition from cold- to hot-mode accretion.
description: 23 pages, 16 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 1 of Non-ionic surfactant vesicles exert anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of NFκB
Creators: name: McGahon, Jonathan
name: Woods, Stuart
name: D’Elia, Riccardo
name: Roberts, Craig W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1: Supplementary Figure 1. PCA analysis of transcriptomics reveals separation of experimental groups and consistency within groups. 100,000 BMDM were plated per well in triplicate and stimulated with LPS at 3µg/ml or media, in controls, followed by treatment with NISV. PCA analysis was performed using SIMCA 16 do demonstrate separation between groups and within groups. Supplementary Table 1. BMDM transcripts altered by LPS and NISV treatment. Transcriptomic analysis was performed on RNA extracted from BMDM stimulated with LPS and treated with 1.5mM NISV, and BMDM controls untreated with NISV, and unstimulated with LPS. Table shows the total number of transcripts found and how many where significantly altered from the control. Supplementary Figure 2. Volcano Plots showing the Significant Differences found by Treating BMDM with NISV in Unstimulated and LPS-stimulated cells. Transcriptomic analysis was performed on RNA extracted from BMDM stimulated with LPS and treated with 1.5mM vesicle formulations NISV, and the relevant controls, unstimulated cells, and cells treated with NISV alone. NISV caused 3830 significant changes in expression in unstimulated cells and caused 626 significant differences in LPS stimulated cells. Significant difference determined by Cuffdiff (p<0.05).
Determination of QPO properties in the presence of strong broad-band noise: a case study on the data of MAXI J1820+070
Creators: name: Zhou, Deng-Ke
name: Zhang, Shuang-Nan
name: Song, Li-Ming
name: Qu, Jin-Lu
name: Zhang, Liang
name: Ma, Xiang
name: Tuo, You-Li
name: Ge, Ming-Yu
name: Wang, Yanan
name: Zhang, Shu
name: Tao, Lian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate calculation of the phase lags of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) will provide insight into their origin. In this paper we investigate the phase lag correction method which has been applied to calculate the intrinsic phase lags of the QPOs in MAXI J1820+070. We find that the traditional additive model between BBN and QPOs in the time domain is rejected, but the convolution model is accepted. By introducing a convolution mechanism in the time domain, the Fourier cross-spectrum analysis shows that the phase lags between QPOs components in different energy bands will have a simple linear relationship with the phase lags between the total signals, so that the intrinsic phase lags of the QPOs can be obtained by linear correction. The power density spectrum (PDS) thus requires a multiplicative model to interpret the data. We briefly discuss a physical scenario for interpreting the convolution. In this scenario, the corona acts as a low-pass filter, the Green's function containing the noise is convolved with the QPOs to form the low-frequency part of the PDS, while the high-frequency part requires an additive component. We use a multiplicative PDS model to fit the data observed by Insight-HXMT. The overall fitting results are similar compared to the traditional additive PDS model. Neither the width nor the centroid frequency of the QPOs obtained from each of the two PDS models were significantly different, except for the r.m.s. of the QPOs. Our work thus provides a new perspective on the coupling of noise and QPOs.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Social Practices for Social Driven Conversations in Serious Games
Creators: name: Augello, Agnese
name: Gentile, Manuel
name: Dignum, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes the model of social practice as a theoretical framework to manage conversation with the specific goal of training physicians in communicative skills. To this aim, the domain reasoner that manages the conversation in the Communicate! \cite{jeuring} serious game is taken as a basis. Because the choice of a specific Social Practice to follow in a situation is non-trivial we use a probabilistic model for the selection of social practices as a step toward the implementation of an agent architecture compliant with the social practice model.
Luminosity distribution of Type II supernova progenitors
Creators: name: Rodríguez, Ósmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present progenitor luminosities ($L$) for a sample of 112 Type II supernovae (SNe II), computed directly from progenitor photometry and the bolometric correction technique, or indirectly from empirical correlations between progenitor luminosity and [OI] $λλ$6300, 6364 line luminosity at 350 d since explosion, $^{56}$Ni mass, or absolute $V$-band magnitude at 50 d since explosion. To calibrate these correlations, I use twelve SNe II with progenitor luminosities measured from progenitor photometry. I find that the correlations mentioned above are strong and statistically significant, and allow to estimate progenitor luminosities to a precision between 20 and 24 per cent. I correct the SN sample for selection bias and define a subsample of 112 SNe II with progenitor luminosities between $\log(L/L_{\odot})=4.6$ dex, corresponding to the completeness limit of the corrected sample, and the maximum observed progenitor luminosity of $\log(L/L_{\odot})=5.091$ dex. The luminosity distribution for this subsample is statistically consistent with those for red supergiants (RSGs) in LMC, SMC, M31, and M33 with $4.6\leq\log(L/L_{\odot})\leq5.091$. This supports that SN II progenitors correspond to RSGs. The conspicuous absence of SN II progenitors with $\log(L/L_{\odot})>5.1$ dex with respect to what is observed in RSG luminosity distributions, known as the RSG problem, is significant at a $5.2\pm0.5\,σ$ level.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication to MNRAS
Software Engineering in Australasia
Creators: name: Licorish, Sherlock A.
name: Treude, Christoph
name: Grundy, John
name: Tantithamthavorn, Chakkrit
name: Blincoe, Kelly
name: MacDonell, Stephen
name: Li, Li
name: Schneider, Jean-Guy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Six months ago an important call was made for researchers globally to provide insights into the way Software Engineering is done in their region. Heeding this call we hereby outline the position Software Engineering in Australasia (New Zealand and Australia). This article first considers the software development methods practices and tools that are popular in the Australasian software engineering community. We then briefly review the particular strengths of software engineering researchers in Australasia. Finally we make an open call for collaborators by reflecting on our current position and identifying future opportunities
description: Journal article, 1 figure, 3 pages
Particle Acceleration in Relativistic Shearing Flows: Energy Spectrum
Creators: name: Rieger, Frank M.
name: Duffy, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the acceleration of charged particles in relativistic shearing flows, with Lorentz factor up to $Γ_0 \sim 20$. We present numerical solutions to the particle transport equation and compare these with results from analytical calculations. We show that in the highly relativistic limit the particle energy spectrum that results from acceleration approaches a power law, $N(E)\propto E^{-\tilde{q}}$, with a universal value $\tilde{q}=(1+α)$ for the slope of this power law, where $α$ parameterizes the power-law momentum dependence of the particle mean free path. At mildly relativistic flow speeds, the energy spectrum becomes softer and sensitive to the underlying flow profile. We explore different flow examples, including Gaussian and power-law-type velocity profiles, showing that the latter yield comparatively harder spectra, producing $\tilde{q}\simeq 2$ for $Γ_0 \simeq 3$ and Kolmogorov turbulence. We provide a comparison with a simplified leaky-box approach and derive an approximate relation for estimating the spectral index as a function of the maximum shear flow speed. These results are of relevance for jetted, high-energy astrophysical sources such as active galactic nuclei, since shear acceleration is a promising mechanism for the acceleration of charged particles to relativistic energies and is likely to contribute to the high-energy radiation observed.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures; ApJ in press
Three-body continuum states and Efimov physics in non-integer geometry
Creators: name: Garrido, E.
name: Christensen, E. R.
name: Jensen, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Continuum structures of three short-range interacting particles in a deformed external one-body field are investigated. We use the equivalent $d$-method employing non-integer dimension, $d$, in a spherical calculation with a dimension-dependent angular momentum barrier. We focus on dimensions close to the critical dimension, $d=d_E$, between two and three, defined by zero two-body energies, where the Efimov effect can occur. We design for this dimension region a schematic, long-distance realistic, square-well based, three-body spherical model, which is used to derive analytic expressions for the wave functions, scattering lengths, phase shifts, and elastic scattering cross sections. The procedure and the results are universal, valid for all short-range potentials, and for large scattering lengths. We discuss the properties and validity of the derived expressions by means of the simplest system of three identical bosons. The derived expressions are particularly useful for very small energies, where full numerical calculations are often not feasible. For energies where the numerical calculations can be performed, a good agreement with the analytic results is found. These model results may be tested by scattering experiments for three particles in an equivalent external deformed oscillator potential. The cross sections all vanish in the zero-energy limit for $d<3$ with definite $d$-dependent power of energy.
description: To be published in Physical Review A
A Dynamical Model of the M101 / NGC 5474 Encounter
Creators: name: Linden, Sean T.
name: Mihos, J. Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first dynamical simulation that recreates the major properties of the archetypal nearby spiral galaxy M101. Our model describes a grazing but relatively close (14 kpc) passage of the companion galaxy NGC 5474 through M101's outer disk approximately 200 Myr ago. The passage is retrograde for both disks, which yields a relatively strong gravitational response while suppressing the formation of long tidal tails. The simulation reproduces M101's overall lopsidedness, as well as the extended NE Plume and sharp western edge of the galaxy's disk. The post-starburst populations observed in M101's NE Plume are likely a result of star formation triggered at the point of contact where the galaxies collided. Over time, this material will mix azimuthally, leaving behind diffuse, kinematically coherent stellar streams in M101's outer disk. At late times after the encounter, the density profile of M101's disk shows a broken "upbending" profile similar to those seen in spiral galaxies in denser environments, further demonstrating the connection between interactions and long-term structural changes in galaxy disks.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal (Letters). Updated to (mostly) match the published version. Additional animations and simulation data are available at http://astroweb.case.edu/hos/M101Sim/
Additional file 1 of Effect of households’ members disability and serious illness on public health insurance subscription among urban refugees during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya
Creators: name: Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel
name: Molelekoa, Thonaeng Charity
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Solenoidal turbulent modes and star formation efficiency in Galactic-plane molecular clouds
Creators: name: Rani, Raffaele
name: Moore, Toby J. T.
name: Eden, David J.
name: Rigby, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is speculated that the high star-formation efficiency observed in spiral-arm molecular clouds is linked to the prevalence of compressive (curl-free) turbulent modes, while the shear-driven solenoidal (divergence-free) modes appear to be the main cause of the low star-formation efficiency that characterises clouds in the Central Molecular Zone. Similarly, analysis of the Orion B molecular cloud has confirmed that, although turbulent modes vary locally and at different scales within the cloud, the dominant solenoidal turbulence is compatible with its low star formation rate. This evidence points to inter-and intra-cloud fluctuations of the solenoidal modes being an agent for the variability of star formation efficiency. We present a quantitative estimation of the relative fractions of momentum density in the solenoidal modes of turbulence in a large sample of plane molecular clouds in the \ce{^{13}CO}/\ce{C^{18}O} ($J=3\rightarrow 2$) Heterodyne Inner Milky Way Plane Survey (CHIMPS). We find a negative correlation between the solenoidal fraction and star-formation efficiency. This feature is consistent with the hypothesis that solenoidal modes prevent or slow down the collapse of dense cores. In addition, the relative power in the solenoidal modes of turbulence (solenoidal fraction) appears to be higher in the Inner Galaxy declining with a shallow gradient with increasing Galactocentric distance. Outside the Inner Galaxy, the slowly, monotonically declining values suggest that the solenoidal fraction is unaffected by the spiral arms.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures
Additional file 1 of Life in lockdown: a longitudinal study investigating the impact of the UK COVID-19 lockdown measures on lifestyle behaviours and mental health
Creators: name: Solomon-Moore, Emma
name: Lambert, Jeffrey
name: Grey, Elisabeth
name: Gillison, Fiona
name: Townsend, Nick
name: Busam, Betty
name: Velemis, Kyriakos
name: Millen, Christopher
name: Baber, Fran
name: Griffin, Tania
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Downlink Power Minimization in Intelligent Reconfigurable Surface-Aided Security Classification Wireless Communications System
Creators: name: Xing, Jintao
name: Lv, Tiejun
name: Cao, Yashuai
name: Zeng, Jie
name: Huang, Pingmu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: User privacy protection is considered a critical issue in wireless networks, which drives the demand for various secure information interaction techniques. In this paper, we introduce an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided security classification wireless communication system, which reduces the transmit power of the base station (BS) by classifying users with different security requirements. Specifically, we divide the users into confidential subscribers with secure communication requirements and general communication users with simple communication requirements. During the communication period, we guarantee the secure rate of the confidential subscribers while ensuring the service quality of the general communication users, thereby reducing the transmit power of the BS. To realize such a secure and green information transmission, the BS implements a beamforming design on the transmitted signal superimposed with artificial noise (AN) and then broadcasts it to users with the assistance of the IRS's reflection. We develop an alternating optimization framework to minimize the BS downlink power with respect to the active beamformers of the BS, the AN vector at the BS, and the reflection phase shifts of the IRS. A successive convex approximation (SCA) method is proposed so that the nonconvex beamforming problems can be converted to tractable convex forms. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is convergent and can reduce the transmit power by 20\% compared to the best benchmark scheme.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, Accepted by IEEE Systems Journal
Jansky Very Large Array detections of CO(1-0) emission in HI-absorption-selected galaxies at $z \gtrsim 2$
Creators: name: Kaur, Balpreet
name: Kanekar, Nissim
name: Rafelski, Marc
name: Neeleman, Marcel
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier
name: Revalski, Mitchell
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array search for redshifted CO(1-0) emission from three HI-absorption-selected galaxies at $z \approx 2$, identified earlier in their CO(3-2) or CO(4-3) emission. We detect CO(1-0) emission from DLA B1228-113 at $z\approx2.1933$ and DLA J0918+1636 at $z\approx2.5848$; these are the first detections of CO(1-0) emission in high-$z$ HI-selected galaxies. We obtain high molecular gas masses, $\rm M_{mol}\approx10^{11}\times(α_{\rm CO}/4.36)\ M_\odot$, for the two objects with CO(1-0) detections, which are a factor of $\approx1.5-2$ lower than earlier estimates. We determine the excitation of the mid$-J$ CO rotational levels relative to the $J=1$ level, r$_{ J1}$, in HI-selected galaxies for the first time, obtaining r$_{\rm 31}=1.00\pm0.20$ and r$_{\rm 41}=1.03\pm0.23$ for DLA J0918+1636, and r$_{\rm 31}=0.86\pm0.21$ for DLA B1228-113. These values are consistent with thermal excitation of the $J=3,4$ levels. The excitation of the $J=3$ level in the HI-selected galaxies is similar to that seen in massive main-sequence and sub-mm galaxies at $z\gtrsim2$, but higher than that in main-sequence galaxies at $z\approx1.5$; the higher excitation of the galaxies at $z\gtrsim2$ is likely to be due to their higher star-formation rate (SFR) surface density. We use Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 imaging to detect the rest-frame near-ultraviolet emission of DLA B1228-113, obtaining an NUV SFR of $4.44\pm0.47$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$, significantly lower than that obtained from the total infrared luminosity, indicating significant dust extinction in the $z\approx2.1933$ galaxy.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, and 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJL
A Bayesian approach to high fidelity interferometric calibration II: demonstration with simulated data
Creators: name: Sims, Peter H.
name: Pober, Jonathan C.
name: Sievers, Jonathan L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a companion paper, we presented BayesCal, a mathematical formalism for mitigating sky-model incompleteness in interferometric calibration. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of BayesCal to calibrate the degenerate gain parameters of full-Stokes simulated observations with a HERA-like hexagonal close-packed redundant array, for three assumed levels of completeness of the a priori known component of the calibration sky model. We compare the BayesCal calibration solutions to those recovered by calibrating the degenerate gain parameters with only the a priori known component of the calibration sky model both with and without imposing physically motivated priors on the gain amplitude solutions and for two choices of baseline length range over which to calibrate. We find that BayesCal provides calibration solutions with up to four orders of magnitude lower power in spurious gain amplitude fluctuations than the calibration solutions derived for the same data set with the alternate approaches, and between $\sim10^7$ and $\sim10^{10}$ times smaller than in the mean degenerate gain amplitude on the full range of spectral scales accessible in the data. Additionally, we find that in the scenarios modelled only BayesCal has sufficiently high fidelity calibration solutions for unbiased recovery of the 21 cm power spectrum on large spectral scales ($k_\parallel \lesssim 0.15~h\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$). In all other cases, in the completeness regimes studied, those scales are contaminated.
SAIBench: Benchmarking AI for Science
Creators: name: Li, Yatao
name: Zhan, Jianfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Scientific research communities are embracing AI-based solutions to target tractable scientific tasks and improve research workflows. However, the development and evaluation of such solutions are scattered across multiple disciplines. We formalize the problem of scientific AI benchmarking, and propose a system called SAIBench in the hope of unifying the efforts and enabling low-friction on-boarding of new disciplines. The system approaches this goal with SAIL, a domain-specific language to decouple research problems, AI models, ranking criteria, and software/hardware configuration into reusable modules. We show that this approach is flexible and can adapt to problems, AI models, and evaluation methods defined in different perspectives. The project homepage is https://www.computercouncil.org/SAIBench
description: Published in BenchCouncil Transactions on Benchmarks, Standards and Evaluations (TBench)
BOSHLANG'ICH SINF INGLIZ TILI DARSLARIDA O'QUVCHILARNING MULOQOT MADANIYATI KO'NIKMALARINI SHAKLLANTIRISH STRATEGIYALARI
Creators: name: Kuldosheva, Nigorahon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf ingliz tili darslarini tashkil etishda kichik maktab yoshidagi o‘quvchilarning psixologik, jismoniy va ijtimoiy jihatlarini o‘rganish, ularning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlarini e’tiborga olgan holda muloqot madaniyatini shakllantirishga yo‘naltirilgan ta’lim usullarini tanlash, ingliz tilini o‘qitishning asosiy pedagogik - didaktik tamoyillariga e’tibor qaratish, o‘quvchilarning muloqot madaniyati ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirish metodikasini takomillashtirish strategiyalari va ularga amal qilishga oid ma’lumot va tavsiyalar bayon etilgan.
Forming short period sub-stellar companions in 47 Tucanae -- II. Analytic expressions for the orbital evolution of planets in dense environments
Creators: name: Winter, Andrew J.
name: Clarke, Cathie J.
name: Rosotti, Giovanni
name: Giersz, Mirek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Short period, massive planets, known as hot Jupiters (HJs), have been discovered around $\sim 1$ percent of local field stars. The inward migration necessary to produce HJs may be `low eccentricity', due to torques in the primordial disc, or `high eccentricity' (HEM). The latter involves exciting high orbital eccentricity, allowing sufficiently close passages with the host star to raise circularising tides in the planet. We present an analytic framework for quantifying the role of dynamical encounters in high density environments during HEM. We show that encounters can enhance or suppress HEM, depending on the local stellar density and the initial semi-major axis $a_0$. For moderate densities, external perturbations can excite large eccentricities that allow a planet to circularise over the stellar lifetime. At extremely high densities, these perturbations can instead result in tidal disruption of the planet, thus yielding no HJ. This may explain the apparent excess of HJs in M67 compared with their local field star abundance versus their apparent deficit in 47 Tuc. Applying our analytic framework, we demonstrate that for an initial massive planet population similar to the field, the expected HJ occurrence rate in 47 Tuc is $f_\mathrm{HJ}=2.2\times 10^{-3}$, which remains consistent with present constraints. Future large (sample sizes $\gtrsim 10^5$) or sensitive transit surveys of stars in globular clusters are required to refute the hypothesis that the initial planet population is similar to the solar neighbourhood average. Non-detection in such surveys would have broad consequences for planet formation theory, implying planet formation rates in globular clusters must be suppressed across a wide range of $a_0$.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS - 28 pages, 17 figures
Effect of Strong Time-Varying Transmission Distance on LEO Satellite-Terrestrial Deliveries
Creators: name: Ma, Yuanyuan
name: Lv, Tiejun
name: Li, Tingting
name: Pan, Gaofeng
name: Chen, Yunfei
name: Alouini, Mohamed-Slim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we investigate the effect of the strong time-varying transmission distance on the performance of the low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite-terrestrial transmission (STT) system. We propose a new analytical framework using finite-state Markov channel (FSMC) model and time discretization method. Moreover, to demonstrate the applications of the proposed framework, the performances of two adaptive transmissions, rate-adaptive transmission (RAT) and power-adaptive transmission (PAT) schemes, are evaluated for the cases when the transmit power or the transmission rate at the LEO satellite is fixed. Closed-form expressions for the throughput, energy efficiency (EE), and delay outage rate (DOR) of the considered systems are derived and verified, which are capable of addressing the capacity, energy efficiency, and outage rate performance of the considered LEO STT scenarios with the proposed analytical framework.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
Structure constants in $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal quiver theories at strong coupling and holography
Creators: name: Billo, M.
name: Frau, M.
name: Lerda, A.
name: Pini, A.
name: Vallarino, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal quiver theory with gauge group $\mathrm{SU}(N)\times\mathrm{SU}(N)$ and bi-fundamental matter, we analytically obtain the exact strong-coupling behavior of the normalized 3-point correlators of single-trace scalar operators in the large-$N$ limit using localization techniques. We then obtain the same strong-coupling behavior from the holographic dual using the AdS/CFT correspondence at the supergravity level. This agreement confirms the validity of the analytic strong-coupling results and of the holographic correspondence in a non-maximally supersymmetric set-up in four dimensions.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Gigahertz-rate random speckle projection for high-speed single-pixel image classification
Creators: name: Hanawa, Jinsei
name: Niiyama, Tomoaki
name: Endo, Yutaka
name: Sunada, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Imaging techniques based on single-pixel detection, such as ghost imaging, can reconstruct or recognize a target scene from multiple measurements using a sequence of random mask patterns. However, the processing speed is limited by the low rate of the pattern generation. In this study, we propose an ultrafast method for random speckle pattern generation, which has the potential to overcome the limited processing speed. The proposed approach is based on multimode fiber speckles induced by fast optical phase modulation. We experimentally demonstrate dynamic speckle projection with phase modulation at 10 GHz rates, which is five to six orders of magnitude higher than conventional modulation approaches using spatial light modulators. Moreover, we combine the proposed generation approach with a wavelength-division multiplexing technique and apply it for image classification. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we show that 28x28-pixel images of digits acquired at GHz rates can be accurately classified using a simple neural network. The proposed approach opens a novel pathway for an all-optical image processor.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Forward-backward doubly stochastic systems and classical solutions of path-dependent stochastic PDEs
Creators: name: Shi, Yufeng
name: Wen, Jiaqiang
name: Xiong, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H10, 60H30

description: In this paper, a class of non-Markovian forward-backward doubly stochastic systems is studied. By using the technique of functional Itô (or path-dependent) calculus, the relationship between the systems and related path-dependent quasi-linear stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs in short) is established, and the well-known nonlinear stochastic Feynman-Kac formula of Pardoux and Peng [Backward doubly stochastic differential equations and systems of quasilinear SPDEs, Probab. Theory Relat. Fields 98 (1994), pp. 209--227] is developed to the non-Markovian situation. Moreover, we obtain the differentiability of the solution to the forward-backward doubly stochastic systems and some properties of solutions to the path-dependent SPDEs.
description: 28 pages
Additional file 1 of Efficacy and safety of ziltivekimab in patients with chronic kidney disease susceptible to inflammatory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Elrosasy, Amr
name: Sabbagh, Dalal
name: Assaf, Mohammad
name: Tarakhan, Husam
name: Afyouni, Ahmad
name: Elgendy, Marwa O.
name: Abdelaty, Lamiaa N.
name: Omar, Refaat H.
name: Zabady, Ahmed Hamdy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 1 of Outcome of necrotizing fasciitis and Fournier's gangrene with and without hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a retrospective analysis over 10 years
Creators: name: Mladenov, Assen
name: Diehl, Katharina
name: Müller, Oliver
name: von Heymann, Christian
name: Kopp, Susanne
name: Peitsch, Wiebke K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Table S1. Characteristics of patients who were ineligible for hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT).
Additional file 1 of Decoding the anti-hypertensive mechanism of α-mangostin based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation
Creators: name: Xue, Qi-Qi
name: Liu, Chu-Hao
name: Li, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Supplementary Material 1
Additional file 1 of Characterizing cheat meals among a national sample of Canadian adolescents and young adults
Creators: name: Ganson, Kyle T.
name: Cunningham, Mitchell L.
name: Pila, Eva
name: Rodgers, Rachel F.
name: Murray, Stuart B.
name: Nagata, Jason M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplement Table 1.
Viability of novae as sources of Galactic lithium
Creators: name: Kemp, Alex J.
name: Karakas, Amanda I.
name: Casey, Andrew R.
name: Cote, Benoit
name: Izzard, Robert G.
name: Osborn, Zara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Of all the light elements, the evolution of lithium (Li) in the Milky Way is perhaps the most difficult to explain. Li is difficult to synthesize and is easily destroyed, making most stellar sites unsuitable for producing Li in sufficient quantities to account for the proto-solar abundance. For decades, novae have been proposed as a potential explanation to this 'Galactic Li problem', and the recent detection of 7Be in the ejecta of multiple nova eruptions has breathed new life into this theory. In this work, we assess the viability of novae as dominant producers of Li in the Milky Way. We present the most comprehensive treatment of novae in a galactic chemical evolution code to date, testing theoretical- and observationally-derived nova Li yields by integrating metallicity-dependent nova ejecta profiles computed using the binary population synthesis code binary c with the galactic chemical evolution code OMEGA+. We find that our galactic chemical evolution models which use observationally-derived Li yields account for the proto-solar Li abundance very well, while models relying on theoretical nova yields cannot reproduce the proto-solar observation. A brief exploration of physical uncertainties including single-stellar yields, the metallicity resolution of our nova treatment, common-envelope physics, and nova accretion efficiencies indicates that this result is robust to physical assumptions. Scatter within the observationally-derived Li yields in novae is identified as the primary source of uncertainty, motivating further observations of 7Be in nova ejecta.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL 28/7/2022
Gravitational lensing and shadow of charged black holes in the low-energy limit of string theory
Creators: name: Younesizadeh, Younes
name: Younesizadeh, Feyzollah
name: Qaemmaqami, Mohammad M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2
subject: j2

description: In this work, we investigate the shadow cast and strong field gravitational lensing of a new class of black hole solutions in dilaton gravity where dilaton field is coupled with nonlinear Maxwell invariant [Younesizadeh et al. in Int J Mod Phys A 34(35):1950239]. The space-time is a stationary axisymmetric geometry. The key part in our investigations is finding the effect of dilaton parameter N on the size of shadows and the energy emission rate. As the N parameter increases, the size of black hole shadow increases. Also, the energy emission rate increases with increase in the dilaton parameter N. By supposing the gravitational field of the supermassive object at the heart of Milky Way galaxy described by this metric, we estimated the numerical values of the observables for gravitational lensing in the strong field limit.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Testing Ocean Software with Metamorphic Testing
Creators: name: Luu, Quang-Hung
name: Liu, Huai
name: Chen, Tsong Yueh
name: Vu, Hai L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Advancing ocean science has a significant impact to the development of the world, from operating a safe navigation for vessels to maintaining a healthy and diverse ocean ecosystem. Various ocean software systems have been extensively adopted for different purposes, for instance, predicting hourly sea level elevation across shorelines, simulating large-scale ocean circulations, as well as integrating into Earth system models for weather forecasts and climate projections. Regardless of their significance, guaranteeing the trustworthiness of ocean software and modelling systems is a long-standing challenge. The testing of ocean software suffers a lot from the so-called oracle problem, which refers to the absence of test oracles mainly due to the nonlinear interactions of multiple physical variables and the high complexity in computation. In the ocean, observed tidal signals are distorted by non-deterministic physical variables, hindering us from knowing the "true" astronomical tidal constituents existing in the timeseries. In this paper, we present how to test tidal analysis and prediction (TAP) software based on metamorphic testing (MT), a simple yet effective testing approach to the oracle problem. In particular, we construct metamorphic relations from the periodic property of astronomical tide, and then use them to successfully detect a real-life defect in an open-source TAP software. We also conduct a series of experiments to further demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of MT in the testing of TAP software. Our study not only justifies the potential of MT in testing more complex ocean software and modelling systems, but also can be expanded to assess and improve the quality of a broader range of scientific simulation software systems.
description: 7 pages, 3 tables
Stereoscopic diagnosing of a filament-cavity flux rope system by tracing the path of a two-sided-loop jet
Creators: name: Tan, Song
name: Shen, Yuandeng
name: Zhou, Xinping
name: Duan, Yadan
name: Tang, Zehao
name: Zhou, Chengrui
name: Yao, Surui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fine magnetic structure is vitally important to understanding the formation, stabilization and eruption of solar filaments, but so far, it is still an open question yet to be resolved. Using stereoscopic observations taken by the Solar Dynamics Observatory and Solar TErrestrial RElations Obsevatory, we studied the generation mechanism of a two-sided-loop jet (TJ) and the ejection process of the jet plasma into the overlying filament-cavity system. We find that the generation of the two-sided-loop jet was due to the magnetic reconnection between an emerging flux loop and the overlying filament. The jet's two arms ejected along the filament axis during the initial stage. Then, the north arm bifurcated into two parts at about 50 Mm from the reconnection site. After the bifurcation, the two bifurcated parts were along the filament axis and the cavity which hosted the filament, respectively. By tracing the ejecting plasma flows of the TJ inside the filament, we not only measured that the magnetic twist stored in the filament was at least 5$π$ but also found that the fine magnetic structure of the filament-cavity flux rope system is in well agreement with the theoretical results of Magnetic flux rope models.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures. Accepted by the MNRAS Letters
Additional file 1 of A cross-sectional study exploring general practitioners’ views on dietary supplements
Creators: name: Wagner, Sophia
name: Eickmann, Sascha
name: Baurecht, Hansjörg
name: Herrmann, Anne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Additional file 1 of Undergraduate nursing students’ experiences of becoming a professional nurse: a longitudinal study
Creators: name: Lundell Rudberg, Susanne
name: Westerbotn, Margareta
name: Sormunen, Taina
name: Scheja, Max
name: Lachmann, Hanna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Interview guide.