cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Deformed compact extra space as dark matter candidate
Creators: name: Gani, Vakhid A.
name: Dmitriev, Alexander E.
name: Rubin, Sergey G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We elaborate the possibility for a deformed extra space to be considered as the dark matter candidate. To perform calculations a class of two-dimensional extra metrics was considered in the framework of the multidimensional gravity. It was shown that there exists a family of stationary metrics of the extra space possessing point-like defect. Estimation of cross section of scattering of a particle of the ordinary matter on a spatial domain with deformed extra space is in agreement with the observational constraints.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures; V2: some changes to match version published in IJMPD
COVID Observatories Ethics Framework
Creators: name: Osbervatories, COVID
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 420699
subject: Public health not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 410103
subject: Human impacts of climate change and human adaptation
classificationCode: 350703
subject: Disaster and emergency management

description: This Ethics Framework was developed by Working Group 2 (WG-2) of the COVID Observatories in Indigenous Peoples Project. The framework aims to provide a resource for the whole team throughout the implementation of their research work in different countries working respectfully with our Indigenous community partners. The framework contains ethical principles to guide data collection, data analysis and the final representation of the informationLink to the website of the project https://sites.google.com/upch.pe/covid-observatories/covid-observatories?authuser=0
Stiefel-Whitney topological charges in a three-dimensional acoustic nodal-line crystal
Creators: name: Xue, Haoran
name: Chen, Z. Y.
name: Cheng, Zheyu
name: Dai, J. X.
name: Long, Yang
name: Zhao, Y. X.
name: Zhang, Baile
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Band topology of materials describes the extent Bloch wavefunctions are twisted in momentum space. Such descriptions rely on a set of topological invariants, generally referred to as topological charges, which form a characteristic class in the mathematical structure of fiber bundles associated with the Bloch wavefunctions. For example, the celebrated Chern number and its variants belong to the Chern class, characterizing topological charges for complex Bloch wavefunctions. Nevertheless, under the space-time inversion symmetry, Bloch wavefunctions can be purely real in the entire momentum space; consequently, their topological classification does not fall into the Chern class, but requires another characteristic class known as the Stiefel-Whitney class. Here, in a three-dimensional acoustic crystal, we demonstrate a topological nodal-line semimetal that is characterized by a doublet of topological charges, the first and second Stiefel-Whitney numbers, simultaneously. Such a doubly charged nodal line gives rise to a doubled bulk-boundary correspondence: while the first Stiefel-Whitney number induces ordinary drumhead states of the nodal line, the second Stiefel-Whitney number supports hinge Fermi arc states at odd inversion-related pairs of hinges. These results establish the Stiefel-Whitney topological charges as intrinsic topological invariants for topological materials, with their unique bulk-boundary correspondence beyond the conventional framework of topological band theory.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
The Effect of Fear on Working Memory in children
Creators: name: El-Mir, Mohammed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Developmental and Educational Psychology

description: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fear on working memory performance in 9 years old children. The participants were divided into two equal groups in number and sex, each of which included 34 children. Hence, in order to evaluate working memory performance, we used the forward digit span test to assess the performance of the phonological loop, the Corsi Blocks test to measure the performance of the Visuospatial sketchpad, and the Backward Digit Span test to evaluate the performance of the Central executive. We compared the working memory performance between the Experimental group, whose members were exposed to a frightening stimulus, and a control one, whose members were exposed to a neutral stimulus, using the descriptive comparative method that include average values, standard deviations as well as T-test values for the two groups. The results showed that there were differences in performance before and after displaying the fear stimulus compared to the presentation of the neutral stimulus, but did not reach statistical significance. So, the data of this study demonstrate the effect of fear emotion on working memory components.
Weighted Statistical Binning: enabling statistically consistent genome-scale phylogenetic analyses
Creators: name: Bayzid, Md. Shamsuzzoha
name: Mirarab, Siavash
name: Boussau, Bastien
name: Warnow, Tandy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Because biological processes can make different loci have different evolutionary histories, species tree estimation requires multiple loci from across the genome. While many processes can result in discord between gene trees and species trees, incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), modeled by the multi-species coalescent, is considered to be a dominant cause for gene tree heterogeneity. Coalescent-based methods have been developed to estimate species trees, many of which operate by combining estimated gene trees, and so are called summary methods. Because summary methods are generally fast, they have become very popular techniques for estimating species trees from multiple loci. However, recent studies have established that summary methods can have reduced accuracy in the presence of gene tree estimation error, and also that many biological datasets have substantial gene tree estimation error, so that summary methods may not be highly accurate on biologically realistic conditions. Mirarab et al. (Science 2014) presented the statistical binning technique to improve gene tree estimation in multi-locus analyses, and showed that it improved the accuracy of MP-EST, one of the most popular coalescent-based summary methods. Statistical binning, which uses a simple statistical test for combinability and then uses the larger sets of genes to re-calculate gene trees, has good empirical performance, but using statistical binning within a phylogenomics pipeline does not have the desirable property of being statistically consistent. We show that weighting the recalculated gene trees by the bin sizes makes statistical binning statistically consistent under the multispecies coalescent, and maintains the good empirical performance. Thus, "weighted statistical binning" enables highly accurate genome-scale species tree estimation, and is also statistical consistent under the multi-species coalescent model.
description: (1) In Press, PLoS ONE
TRANSATLANTIC DIGITAL CONFLICT AND THE EU-US TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL: THE BRUSSELS EFFECT ON PRIVACY, TRADE RELATIONS, AND SECURITY
Creators: name: Elia, Marine
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: For decades, the European Union and the United States’ different understandings of digital policy have created a chasm between the two political entities that is poised to harm trade and security on both sides of the Atlantic. After decades of digital conflict, the EU chose to create a space to engage in diplomatic conversations with the United States by creating the EU-US Trade and Technology Council. In order to understand why the EU decided to launch the TTC, this paper assesses the reasons for which the EU selected to pursue this style of non-legislative lawmaking by investigating major events and changes in EU capabilities that impacted its ability to influence third countries. Through the lens of privacy, trade, and security, this paper uses the Brussels effect to explore the issues engendered by a lack of consensus in the digital space between these two powerful allies and vis-à-vis foreign adversaries.
Influence of spatial and temporal variations on organic pollutant biodegradation rates in an estuarine environment.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1983

description: The influence of spatial and temporal environmental variations on rates of organic pollutant biodegradation were assessed by using heterotrophic uptake kinetics. These studies were conducted at three sites, representing the gradient from freshwater to estuarine to marine systems. Of the compounds tested, total uptake Vmax rates decreased in the order of nitrilotriacetic acid, m-cresol, chlorobenzene, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. In general, the freshwater site exhibited the highest uptake rates, with somewhat lower rates at the estuarine site. Rates at the marine site were much lower than at the other sites, except during the winter. Metabolic rates at both the freshwater and estuarine areas were significantly decreased during periods of low water temperature. Rates at the marine site were relatively uniform throughout the year. Linear regression analysis was used to compare m-cresol biodegradation rates to characteristics of the microbial community, which included direct microscopic counts, CFU counts, and cellular incorporation of amino acids. The observed rates did not consistently correlate well with any of the measured characteristics of the microbial community.
Method for recovery of enteric viruses from estuarine sediments with chaotropic agents.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1983

description: An evaluation was made of the ability of chaotropes, low-molecular-weight ionic compounds which enhance the solubilization of hydrophobic compounds in water, to improve the recovery of enteric viruses from highly organic estuarine sediments. Chaotropic agents alone were poor eluents of polioviruses from sediment but were effective when combined with 3% beef extract. Chaotropes of lower potency, NaNO3, NaCl, and KCl, were more efficient eluents than the stronger chaotropes, guanidium hydrochloride or sodium trichloroacetate. The most effective eluent was 2 M NaNO3 in 3% beef extract at pH 5.5, which eluted 71% of sediment-associated polioviruses. Efficient concentration of the sodium nitrate-beef extract eluate by organic flocculation required the addition of the antichaotrope (NH4)2SO4 to a 2 M concentration and Cat-Floc T (Calgon, Pittsburgh, Pa.) a cationic polyelectrolyte, to a 0.01% concentration. Dialysis of the final concentrate was necessary to reduce salts to nontoxic levels before assay in cell cultures. Trials with highly organic estuarine sediment seeded with high or low numbers of poliovirus 1, echovirus 1, or rotavirus SA-11 demonstrated the superiority of this method over two other methods currently in use.
Partitioning of CO2 Fixation in the Colonial Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa: Mechanism Promoting Formation of Surface Scums
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1983

description: Constraints on inorganic carbon (C(i)) availability stimulated buoyancy in natural, photosynthetically active populations of the colonial blue-green alga (cyanobacterium) Microcystis aeruginosa. In nonmixed eutrophic river water and cultures, O(2) evolution determinations indicated C(i) limitation of photosynthesis, which was overcome either by CO(2) additions to the aqueous phase or by exposure of buoyant colonies to atmospheric CO(2). Microautoradiographs of M. aeruginosa colonies revealed partitioning of CO(2) fixation and photosynthate accumulation between peripheral and internal cells, particularly in large colonies. When illuminated colonies were suspended in the aqueous phase, peripheral cells accounted for at least 90% of the CO(2) assimilation, whereas internal cells remained unlabeled. However, when CO(2) was allowed to diffuse into colonies 15 min before illumination, a more uniform distribution of labeling was observed. Resultant differences in labeling patterns were most likely due to peripheral cells more exclusively utilizing CO(2) when ambient C(i) concentrations were low. Among colonies located at the air-water interface, internal cells showed an increased share of photosynthate production when atmospheric CO(2) was supplied. This indicated that C(i) transport was restricted in large colonies below the water surface, forcing internal cells to maintain a high degree of buoyancy, thus promoting the formation of surface scums. At the surface, C(i) restrictions were alleviated. Accordingly, scum formation appears to have an ecological function, allowing cyanobacteria access to atmospheric CO(2) when the C(i) concentration is growth limiting in the water column.
mHealth Application for Cancer Care Delivery
Creators: name: Üğüdücü, Kadir
name: Cerit, Tunç
name: Toprak, Amine Gonca
name: Gazihan Alankuş
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: mHealth applications

description: Mobile health (mHealth) is the name given to using mobile technology, including wearables and health tracking applications, to monitor and share health information. The use of mobile devices and wireless technologies to monitor symptoms and provide care helps clinicians to make diagnoses more quickly and with fewer mistakes. The ease of mHealth is a significant benefit for patients and clinicians. In this study, a mobile health (mHealth) application for cancer survivor monitoring and screening is developed within the project PERSIST. To that aim, objective and subjective data, including heart rate, blood pressure and questionnaires, are continuously collected from wearable devices. The application enables data flow between users and doctors. Health parameters and personal inputs are analyzed regularly so that users can benefit from better quality care and improved health and well-being.
Between the Lines: Integrating the Science of Reading and the Science of Behavior to Improve Reading Outcomes for Australian Children
Creators: name: Stocker, Karina
name: Fox, Russell
name: Swain, Nathaniel
name: Leif, Erin
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 4409
subject: Social work
classificationCode: 5201
subject: Applied and developmental psychology
classificationCode: 5203
subject: Clinical and health psychology

description: Abstract: Many Australian students fail to meet an acceptable standard of reading profciency. This can negatively impact their academic progress, social, and emotional wellbeing, and increase their risk of developing challenging behaviors. These risks and challenges have been found to compound over the lifetime of the learner. Unfortunately, the proportion of Australian students who fail to meet reading profciency standards increases as they move through their years of schooling, and reading diffculties disproportionately afect historically marginalized groups. This has raised concerns about the efectiveness of instructional approaches used within the Australian education system, particularly in reading, and prompted discussions of reform. The purpose of this review paper was to examine the contributions of the science of reading and science of behavior to our collective knowledge regarding reading development and efective reading instruction, and how this knowledge is currently being used in the Australian context. We provide a discussion on the current state of reading instruction and achievement in Australia by considering national trends, inequities, and systemic challenges. Implications and recommendations to address inequities in reading outcomes, using both the science of reading and science of behavior, are discussed.
Isotrivial unfoldings and structural theorems for foliations on Projective spaces
Creators: name: Quallbrunn, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14D20, 37F75

description: Following T. Suwa, we study unfoldings of algebraic foliations and their relationship with families of foliations, making focus on those unfoldings related to trivial families. The results obtained in the study of unfoldings are then applied to obtain information on the structure of foliations on projective spaces.
description: Revised version, some proofs modified
Influence of water quality on enteric virus concentration by microporous filter methods.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1984

description: Four enteric viruses, poliovirus type 1, echovirus type 1, reovirus type 3, and simian adenovirus SV-11, were concentrated from seeded 1.3-liter volumes of raw, finished, and granular activated carbon-treated waters by adsorption to 47-mm-diameter (17 cm2), electropositive ( Virosorb 1MDS ) filters at pH 7.5 or electronegative ( Filterite ) filters at pH 3.5 with and without 5 mM added MgCl2, followed by elution with 0.3% beef extract in 50 mM glycine at pH 9.5. Removal of particulates from raw and finished waters by 0.2-micron prefiltration before virus addition and pH adjustment had little effect on virus concentration efficiencies. Soluble organic compounds reduced virus adsorption efficiencies from both raw and finished waters compared with granular activated carbon-treated water, but the extent of interference varied with virus type and adsorption conditions. For electropositive 1MDS filters, organic interference was similar with all virus types. For Filterite filters, organic interference was evident with poliovirus and echovirus, but could be overcome by adding MgCl2. Reovirus and SV-11 were not adversely affected by organics during adsorption to Filterite filters. Elution of reovirus and adenovirus was inefficient compared with that of poliovirus and echovirus. None of the three adsorption schemes ( 1MDS at pH 7.5 and Filterite with and without 5 mM MgCl2 at pH 3.5) could be judged superior for all viruses and water types tested.
Correction terms for propagators and d'Alembertians due to spacetime discreteness
Creators: name: Johnston, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The causal set approach to quantum gravity models spacetime as a discrete structure - a causal set. Recent research has led to causal set models for the retarded propagator for the Klein-Gordon equation and the d'Alembertian operator. These models can be compared to their continuum counterparts via a sprinkling process. It has been shown that the models agree exactly with the continuum quantities in the limit of an infinite sprinkling density - the continuum limit. This paper obtains the correction terms for these models for sprinkled causal sets with a finite sprinkling density. These correction terms are an important step towards testable differences between the continuum and discrete models that could provide evidence of spacetime discreteness.
description: 19 pages. Minor updates to match published version
Response of marine bacterioplankton to differential filtration and confinement.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1984

description: The bacterioplankton community of confined seawater at 25 degrees C changed significantly within 16 h of collection. Confinement increased CFU, total cell number (by epifluorescence microscopy), and average cell volume of bacterioplankton and increased the turnover rate of amino acids in seawater sampled at Frying Pan Shoals, N.C. The bacterioplankton community was characterized by two components: differential doubling times during confinement shifted dominance from bacteria which were nonculturable to bacteria which were culturable on a complex nutrient medium. Culturable cells (especially those of the genera Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, and Acinetobacter) increased from 0.08% of the total cell number in the seawater immediately after collection to 13% at 16 h and 41% at 32 h of confinement. Differential filtration before confinement indicated that particles passing through a 3.9-microns-, but retained by a 0.2-micron-, pore-size Nuclepore filter may be a major source of primary amines to the confined population. The 3.0-microns filtration increased growth rate and ultimate numbers of culturable cells through the removal of bacterial predators or the release of primary amines from cells damaged during filtration or both.
Casper: Debugging Null Dereferences with Dynamic Causality Traces
Creators: name: Cornu, Benoit
name: Barr, Earl T.
name: Seinturier, Lionel
name: Monperrus, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fixing a software error requires understanding its root cause. In this paper, we introduce ''causality traces'', crafted execution traces augmented with the information needed to reconstruct the causal chain from the root cause of a bug to an execution error. We propose an approach and a tool, called Casper, for dynamically constructing causality traces for null dereference errors. The core idea of Casper is to inject special values, called ''ghosts'', into the execution stream to construct the causality trace at runtime. We evaluate our contribution by providing and assessing the causality traces of 14 real null dereference bugs collected over six large, popular open-source projects. Over this data set, Casper builds a causality trace in less than 5 seconds.
Entrainement de la mémoire de travail dans le trouble du spectre de l’autisme
Creators: name: El-Mir, Mohammed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Developmental and Educational Psychology

description: This study explored the direct effect of working memory (WM) training on its three components, based on Baddeley’s model (1986), in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Its main objective was to examine the effectiveness of this “neurocognitive” treatment in this population. Only one group of 15 children and adolescents was recruited. The participants carried out 40 remedial sessions using the «Cogmed RM» program designed at the WM training. Evaluations were administered before the intervention (pre-tests), directly after the intervention (post-tests 1) to highlight the effect of remediation on the three components and 3 months after the training stop (post-tests 2) to check the persistence of the acquired. The tests used are: forward digit span for the evaluation of the phonological loop, the Corsi blocks test for the visuospatial sketchpad, the backward digit span and the modified digit span to evaluate the central executive. Statistical analysis indicated that the working memory training has a significant positive effect on all three components and that the improvements persist 3 months after the completion of remediation.
Compete to Win: Enhancing Pseudo Labels for Barely-supervised Medical Image Segmentation
Creators: name: Wu, Huimin
name: Li, Xiaomeng
name: Lin, Yiqun
name: Cheng, Kwang-Ting
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This study investigates barely-supervised medical image segmentation where only few labeled data, i.e., single-digit cases are available. We observe the key limitation of the existing state-of-the-art semi-supervised solution cross pseudo supervision is the unsatisfactory precision of foreground classes, leading to a degenerated result under barely-supervised learning. In this paper, we propose a novel Compete-to-Win method (ComWin) to enhance the pseudo label quality. In contrast to directly using one model's predictions as pseudo labels, our key idea is that high-quality pseudo labels should be generated by comparing multiple confidence maps produced by different networks to select the most confident one (a compete-to-win strategy). To further refine pseudo labels at near-boundary areas, an enhanced version of ComWin, namely, ComWin+, is proposed by integrating a boundary-aware enhancement module. Experiments show that our method can achieve the best performance on three public medical image datasets for cardiac structure segmentation, pancreas segmentation and colon tumor segmentation, respectively. The source code is now available at https://github.com/Huiimin5/comwin.
description: Accepted by TMI (in IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems). Code available at https://github.com/Huiimin5/comwin
Operational Discord Measure for Gaussian States with Gaussian Measurements
Creators: name: Rahimi-Keshari, Saleh
name: Ralph, Timothy C.
name: Caves, Carlton M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an operational discord-type measure for quantifying nonclassical correlations in bipartite Gaussian states based on using Gaussian measurements. We refer to this measure as operational Gaussian discord (OGD). It is defined as the difference between the entropies of two conditional probability distributions associated to one subsystem, which are obtained by performing optimal local and joint Gaussian measurements. We demonstrate the operational significance of this measure in terms of a Gaussian quantum protocol for extracting maximal information about an encoded classical signal. As examples, we calculate OGD for several Gaussian states in the standard form.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures
Cosmological birefringence constraints from CMB and astrophysical polarization data
Creators: name: Galaverni, M.
name: Gubitosi, G.
name: Paci, F.
name: Finelli, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological birefringence is a rotation of the polarization plane of photons coming from sources of astrophysical and cosmological origin. The rotation can also depend on the energy of the photons and not only on the distance of the source and on the cosmological evolution of the underlying theoretical model. In this work, we constrain few selected models for cosmological birefringence, combining CMB and astrophysical data at radio, optical, X and gamma wavelengths, taking into account the specific energy and distance dependences.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
Quantum field theory of physical and purely virtual particles in a finite interval of time on a compact space manifold: diagrams, amplitudes and unitarity
Creators: name: Anselmi, Damiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a diagrammatic formulation of perturbative quantum field theory in a finite interval of time $τ$, on a compact space manifold $Ω$. We explain how to compute the evolution operator $U(t_{\text{f}},t_{\text{i}})$ between the initial time $t_{\text{i}}$ and the final time $t_{\text{f}}=t_{\text{i}}+τ$, study unitarity and renormalizability, and show how to include purely virtual particles, by rendering some physical particles (and all the ghosts, if present) purely virtual. The details about the restriction to finite $τ$ and compact $Ω$ are moved away from the internal sectors of the diagrams (apart from the discretization of the three-momenta), and coded into external sources. So doing, the diagrams are as similar as possible to the usual $S$ matrix diagrams, and most known theorems extend straightforwardly. Unitarity is studied by means of the spectral optical identities, and the diagrammatic version of the identity $U^†(t_{\text{f}},t_{\text{i}})U(t_{\text{f}},t_{\text{i}})=1$. The dimensional regularization is extended to finite $τ$ and compact $Ω$, and used to prove, under general assumptions, that renormalizability holds whenever it holds at $τ=\infty $, $Ω=\mathbb{R}^{3}$. Purely virtual particles are introduced by removing the on-shell contributions of some physical particles, and the ghosts, from the core diagrams, and trivializing their initial and final conditions. The resulting evolution operator $U_{\text{ph}}(t_{\text{f}},t_{\text{i}})$ is unitary, but does not satisfy the more general identity $U_{\text{ph}}(t_{3},t_{2})U_{\text{ph}}(t_{2},t_{1})=U_{\text{ph}}(t_{3},t_{1})$. As a consequence, $U_{\text{ph}}(t_{\text{f}},t_{\text{i}})$ cannot be derived from a Hamiltonian in a standard way, in the presence of purely virtual particles.
description: 66 pages; 7 figures; v2: JHEP
Young boy covering his ears as demonstrators call for an end to rising food prices, school fees, and medical charges, Lhasa, 1993
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Demonstrations
Tibetans--Economic conditions
Tibetans

description: Photograph of a young Tibetan boy covering his ears as demonstrators call for an end to rising food prices, school fees, and medical charges in Lhasa.
Round robin investigation of methods for the recovery of poliovirus from drinking water.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1984

description: Six laboratories actively involved in water virology research participated in a methods evaluation study, conducted under the auspices of the American Society for Testing and Materials Committee on Viruses in the Aquatic Environment, Task Force on Drinking Water. Each participant was asked to examine the Viradel (virus adsorption-elution) method with cartridge-type Filterite filters for virus adsorption and organic flocculation and aluminum hydroxide-hydroextraction for reconcentration. Virus was adsorbed to filter media at pH 3.5 and eluted with either glycine buffer (pH 10.5) or beef extract-glycine (pHG 9.0). Considerable variation was noted in the quantity of virus recovered from four 100-liter samples of dechlorinated tapwater seeded with low (350 to 860 PFU) and high (1,837 to 4,689 PFU) doses of poliovirus type 1. To have a more uniform standard of comparison, all the test samples were reassayed in one laboratory, where titers were also determined for the virus seed. Test results of the Viradel-organic flocculation method indicated that the average percentage of virus recovery for low-input experiments was 66%, with a range of 8 to 20% in two laboratories, 49 to 63% in three laboratories, and 198% in one laboratory. For the high-input experiments, two laboratories reported recoveries of 6 to 12%, and four laboratories reported recoveries of 26 to 46%. For the Viradel aluminum hydroxide-hydroextraction procedure, two laboratories recovered 9 to 11%, whereas four obtained 17 to 34% for low-input experiments. For the high-input tests, two laboratories reported a recovery of 3 to 5%, and four recovered 11 to 18% of the seeded virus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
POLYPHEM Final Brochure
Creators: name: Consortium
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: The second and final brochure of the POLYPHEM project has been finalised and published. Let’s read more about it! This 7-page publication presents: An introduction to Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) as a technology to tackle climate change, The POLYPHEM project in a nutshell, its concept and innovations, The funding of this collaborative Horizon 2020 project by the EU, its main characteristics and a « big picture » of the Consortium, The technical work plan of the POLYPHEM project in terms of research, integration, manufacturing, testing and cross-cutting activities, The timeline and key achievements of the project, The expected impacts, including the technologic, european, economic, environmental and social. Download the POLYPHEM brochure here: https://www.polyphem-project.eu/2021/10/04/publication_polyphem_brochure/ Discover all the POLYPHEM communication materials for a broader audience (flyers, timeline, videos) in the Dissemination section of our website!
Developed and quasi-developed macro-scale flow in micro- and mini-channels with arrays of offset strip fins
Creators: name: Vangeffelen, Arthur
name: Buckinx, Geert
name: De Servi, Carlo
name: Vetrano, Maria Rosaria
name: Baelmans, Martine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate to what degree the steady laminar flow in typical micro- and mini-channels with offset strip fin arrays can be described as developed on a macro-scale level, in the presence of channel entrance and side-wall effects. Hereto, the extent of the developed and quasi-developed flow regions in such channels is determined through large-scale numerical flow simulations. It is observed that the onset point of developed flow increases linearly with the Reynolds number and channel width, but remains small relative to the total channel length. Further, we find that the local macro-scale pressure gradient and closure force for the (double) volume-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are adequately modeled by a developed friction factor correlation, as typical discrepancies are below 15% in both the developed and developing flow region. We show that these findings can be attributed to the eigenvalues and mode amplitudes which characterize the quasi-developed flow in the entrance region of the channel. Finally, we discuss the influence of the channel side walls on the flow periodicity, the mass flow rate, as well as the macro-scale velocity profile, which we capture by a displacement factor and slip length coefficient. Our findings are supported by extensive numerical data for fin height-to-length ratios up to 1, fin pitch-to-length ratios up to 0.5, and channel aspect ratios between 1/5 and 1/17, covering Reynolds numbers from 28 to 1224.
description: This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Physics of Fluids 33, 103610 (2021) and may be found at https://pubs.aip.org/aip/pof/article/35/7/073611/2903243/Developed-and-quasi-developed-macro-scale-flow-in . 47 pages, 25 figures
Revisiting a pre-inflationary radiation era and its effect on the CMB power spectrum
Creators: name: Das, Suratna
name: Goswami, Gaurav
name: Prasad, Jayanti
name: Rangarajan, Raghavan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the scenario where inflation is preceded by a radiation era by considering that the inflaton too could have been in thermal equilibrium early in the radiation era. Hence we take into account not only the effect of a pre-inflationary era on the inflaton mode functions but also that of a frozen thermal distribution of inflaton quanta. We initially discuss in detail the issues relevant to our scenario of a pre-inflationary radiation dominated era and then obtain the scalar power spectrum for this scenario. We find that the power spectrum is free from infrared divergences. We then use the WMAP and Planck data to determine the constraints on the inflaton comoving `temperature' and on the duration of inflation. We find that the best fit value of the duration of inflation is less than 1 e-folding more than what is required to solve cosmological problems, while only an upper bound on the inflaton temperature can be obtained.
description: 29 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, Matches with the published version
ETHNIC MINORITY STATUS, A GERMAN CASE STUDY
Creators: name: Conerly, Caroline
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: There has been extensive research concerning happiness and its causes. In the context of the European Union, scholars have utilized the European Social Survey, a biennial survey that is conducted across Europe. The survey asks respondents to score their happiness on a scale of 1 to 10. Researchers have used these results to build regression models that analyze happiness as a function of various socio-demographic factors (Safi 2010; Vega-Tinoco et al. 2022; Aassve et al. 2012; & Piper 2015). Ethnic minority or immigrant status has been one of the factors under investigation. In particular, studies found that there was a negative correlation between immigrant status and happiness and a negative correlation between ethnic minority status and happiness (Kirmanoğlu & Başlevent 2014; Safi 2014).       Nevertheless, there has not been extensive research at the individual country level concerning Germany and ethnic minorities. Due to the 2015 refugee crisis, Germany experienced an influx of immigrants, making it an interesting case study for the impacts of ethnic minority status on happiness. I predict that ethnic minorities have decreased happiness due to factors relating to the struggles of immigrating, coupled with anti-immigrant sentiments and racism. Using the 2018 ESS, this paper will examine if there is a correlation between ethnic minority status and happiness, while controlling for gender and region in Germany.
Four-dimensional manifolds with positive biorthogonal curvature
Creators: name: Bettiol, Renato G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C20, 53C21, 57M50, 57N13, 57R57

description: We classify, up to homeomorphisms, the closed simply-connected 4-manifolds that admit a Riemannian metric for which averages of pairs of sectional curvatures of orthogonal planes are positive.
description: LaTeX2e, 5 pages. To appear in Asian J. Math
Adaptation to High-Intensity, Low-Wavelength Light among Surface Blooms of the Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1985

description: Natural populations of the nuisance bloom cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa obtained from the eutrophic Neuse River, N.C., revealed optimal chlorophyll a-normalized photosynthetic rates and resistance to photoinhibition at surface photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intensities. At saturating PAR levels these populations exhibited higher photosynthetic rates in quartz than in Pyrex vessels. Eucaryotic algal populations obtained from the same river failed to counteract photoinhibition. At saturating PAR levels, such populations generally yielded lower photosynthetic rates in quartz containers than they did in Pyrex containers. Cultivation of natural Microcystis populations under laboratory conditions led to physiologically distinct populations which had photoinhibitory characteristics similar to those of other cultured cyanobacterial and eucaryotic algae. Our findings indicate that (i) photosynthetic production among natural surface populations is best characterized and quantified in quartz rather than Pyrex incubation vessels; (ii) extrapolation of natural photoinhibitory trends from laboratory populations is highly subjective to culture and PAR histories and may yield contradictory results; and (iii) buoyant surface-dwelling populations, rather than exhibiting senescence, are poised at optimizing PAR utilization, thereby maintaining numerical dominance in eutrophic waters when physico-chemical conditions favor bloom formation.
Effects of bentonite clay solids on poliovirus concentration from water by microporous filter methods.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1985

description: To determine whether suspended solids interfere with enteric virus recovery from water by microporous filter methods, the effects of bentonite clay solids at a concentration of 10 nephelometric turbidity units on the recovery of poliovirus type 1 from seeded, activated carbon-treated, filtered tap water were studied. Volumes (500 ml) of virus-laden water at pH 5.5 or 7.5, with and without 50 mM MgCl2, were filtered through 47-mm-diameter, electropositive (Virosorb 1MDS) and electronegative (Filterite) filters that had been pretreated with Tween 80 to minimize direct virus adsorption to filter surfaces. Bentonite solids enhanced virus retention on both types of filters, even under conditions in which viruses were not solids associated. However, bentonite solids also interfered with elution of retained viruses when eluting with 0.3% beef extract-50 mM glycine (pH 9.5). Under some conditions, overall virus recoveries were lower from water with bentonite solids than from solids-free control water. The results of this study indicate that clay turbidity can interfere somewhat with virus recovery by current microporous filter methods.
Chiral Lagrangians for singly heavy baryons to $\mathcal{O}(p^{4})$ order
Creators: name: Zou, Yuan-He
name: Liu, Hao
name: Liu, Yan-Rui
name: Jiang, Shao-Zhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chiral Lagrangians for singly heavy baryons are constructed up to the $\mathcal{O}(p^{4})$ order. The involved baryons may be in a flavor antitriplet with spin-1/2, a flavor sextet with spin-$1/2$, or a flavor sextet with spin-3/2 when one considers three light flavors. For the relativistic version of Lagrangian, from $\mathcal{O}(p^{2})$ to $\mathcal{O}(p^{4})$, there exist 48, 199, and 1242 independent terms in the $SU(2)$ case and 59, 307, and 2454 independent terms in the $SU(3)$ case, respectively. For the Lagrangian in the heavy quark limit, from $\mathcal{O}(p^{2})$ to $\mathcal{O}(p^{4})$, the numbers of independent terms are reduced to 16, 64, and 412 in the $SU(2)$ case and to 17, 88, and 714 in the $SU(3)$ case, respectively. We obtain the low-energy constant relations between the relativistic case and the heavy-quark case up to the $\mathcal{O}(p^{3})$ order. The relations between low-energy constants of independent relativistic terms are also presented up to this order by using the heavy quark symmetry.
description: 51 pages
Thermalization in a periodically driven fully-connected quantum Ising ferromagnet
Creators: name: Russomanno, Angelo
name: Fazio, Rosario
name: Santoro, Giuseppe E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By means of a Floquet analysis, we study the quantum dynamics of a fully connected Lipkin-Ising ferromagnet in a periodically driven transverse field showing that thermalization in the steady state is intimately connected to properties of the $N\to \infty$ classical Hamiltonian dynamics. When the dynamics is ergodic, the Floquet spectrum obeys a Wigner-Dyson statistics and the system satisfies the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH): Independently of the initial state, local observables relax to the $T=\infty$ thermal value, and Floquet states are delocalized in the Hilbert space. On the contrary, if the classical dynamics is regular no thermalization occurs. We further discuss the relationship between ergodicity and dynamical phase transitions, and the relevance of our results to other fully-connected periodically driven models (like the Bose-Hubbard), and possibilities of experimental realization in the case of two coupled BEC.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, version published in EPL + Supplementary Material on the scaling of time-fluctuations
Online Time-Optimal Trajectory Planning on Three-Dimensional Race Tracks
Creators: name: Rowold, Matthias
name: Ögretmen, Levent
name: Kasolowsky, Ulf
name: Lohmann, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose an online planning approach for racing that generates the time-optimal trajectory for the upcoming track section. The resulting trajectory takes the current vehicle state, effects caused by \acl{3D} track geometries, and speed limits dictated by the race rules into account. In each planning step, an optimal control problem is solved, making a quasi-steady-state assumption with a point mass model constrained by gg-diagrams. For its online applicability, we propose an efficient representation of the gg-diagrams and identify negligible terms to reduce the computational effort. We demonstrate that the online planning approach can reproduce the lap times of an offline-generated racing line during single vehicle racing. Moreover, it finds a new time-optimal solution when a deviation from the original racing line is necessary, e.g., during an overtaking maneuver. Motivated by the application in a rule-based race, we also consider the scenario of a speed limit lower than the current vehicle velocity. We introduce an initializable slack variable to generate feasible trajectories despite the constraint violation while reducing the velocity to comply with the rules.
description: 8 pages, accepted to be published as part of the 34th IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), Anchorage, Alaska, USA, June 4-7, 2023
Deliverable D-JRP19-WP4.8 Report on the development of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the post DNA extraction capture of Cryptosporidium spp. DNA
Creators: name: Troell, Karin
name: De Jong, Anton
name: Van Der Ark, Kees
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Cryptosporidium parvum
Standard Operating Procedure
post-DNA enrichment

description: This is a deliverable of the OHEJP project: PARADISE, and deals with the development of Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the post-DNA extraction capture of Cryptosporidium spp. DNA.
Local high-order regularization and applications to hp-methods
Creators: name: Karkulik, Michael
name: Melenk, Jens Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop a regularization operator based on smoothing on a locally defined length scale. This operator is defined on $L_1$ and has approximation properties that are given by the local regularity of the function it is applied to and the local length scale. Additionally, the regularized function satisfies inverse estimates commensurate with the approximation orders. By combining this operator with a classical hp-interpolation operator, we obtain an hp-Clément type quasi-interpolation operator, i.e., an operator that requires minimal smoothness of the function to be approximated but has the expected approximation properties in terms of the local mesh size and polynomial degree. As a second application, we consider residual error estimates in hp-boundary element methods that are explicit in the local mesh size and the local approximation order.