cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
GIS Derived Synthetic Rating Curves and HAND Model to Support On-The-Fly Flood Mapping
Creators: name: Scriven, Blair
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: GIS
subject: Mapping
subject: Floods
subject: Disaster Management
subject: Geography
subject: Computer Science
subject: Engineering--Environmental

description: This thesis examines how synthetic rating curves (SRCs) might support the incorporation of the Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) model into an On-The-Fly flood mapping web-application with a Canada-wide service. To create SRCs across Canada, a custom ArcGIS Pro tool called the Canadian Estimator of Ratings Curves using HAND and Discharge (CERC-HAND-D) was developed and designed to work with publicly available data. Because SRC accuracy is sensitive to roughness coefficient (n) values, three methods (single, weighted, and minimum-median) of representing multiple surface roughness types were experimented with. The tool was tested with control data from gauge stations across Central and Eastern Canadian study sites to analyse the effects of river length, river gradient, and the n methods on tool performance. The results of these tests indicated that CERC-HAND-D produces SRCs with higher accuracy (NRMSE = 3.7% - 8.8%) in areas with river gradients above 0.002 m/m and river lengths under 5-km, while none of the n methods notably increased tool performance. An additional test on flood mapping accuracy using both CERC-HAND-D and the HAND model, through recreating the 2011 Richelieu flood in Quebec, resulted in high scores for classification evaluation (MCC = 0.776 - 0.877). Based on the findings of this thesis, both CERC-HAND-D and the HAND model were applied to the development of a prototype for an On-The-Fly flood mapping web application.
Report of the IAB Security Architecture Workshop
Creators: name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Computer science

description: On 3-5 March 1997, the IAB held a security architecture workshop at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, NJ. We identified the core security components of the architecture, and specified several documents that need to be written. Most importantly, we agreed that security was not optional, and that it needed to be designed in from the beginning.
title: Historiography 1918-Today (Canada)
title: Historiography 1918-Today (Canada)
Creators: name: Shaw, Amy J.
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Kanada
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Geschichtsschreibung
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918--Historiography
subject: Canada

description: Canada’s historiography of the First World War has tended to emphasize the war as a coming of age moment, with the exploits of soldiers engendering nationalism and greater independence from Britain. Particular emphasis has been placed on certain battles such as Vimy Ridge and those of the last “hundred days.” Studies of the effects of the war at home have focused on the divide over conscription, the reactions and treatment of minorities, the degree to which the roles of women changed and the diversity of response across regions.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Toward the PSTN/Internet Inter-Networking--Pre-PINT Implementations
Creators: name: Krishnaswamy, Murali
name: Conroy, Lawrence
name: Bellovin, Steven M.
name: Burg, Fred M.
name: DeSimone, A.
name: Tewani, Kamlesh T.
name: Davidson, Paul
name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
name: Vishwanathan, Kumar
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Computer science

description: This document contains the information relevant to the development of the inter-networking interfaces underway in the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)/Internet Inter-Networking (PINT) Working Group. It addresses technologies, architectures, and several (but by no means all) existing pre-PINT implementations of the arrangements through which Internet applications can request and enrich PSTN telecommunications services. The common denominator of the enriched services (a.k.a. PINT services) is that they combine the Internet and PSTN services in such a way that the Internet is used for non-voice interactions, while the voice (and fax) are carried entirely over the PSTN. One key observation is that the pre-PINT implementations, being developed independently, do not inter-operate. It is a task of the PINT Working Group to define the inter-networking interfaces that will support inter-operation of the future implementations of PINT services.
Security Concerns for IPng
Creators: name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Computer science

description: This document was submitted to the IETF IPng area in response to RFC 1550. Publication of this document does not imply acceptance by the IPng area of any ideas expressed within. Comments should be submitted to the big-internet@munnari.oz.au mailing list.
NW-FVA Waldschutzinfo 2023-02
Creators: name: Plašil, Pavel
name: Raupach, Kai
name: Rohde, Martin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Waldschutzinfo, Frostspanner, Fraßprognose

description: Waldschutzinfo Nr. 2023-02 der Nordwestdeutschen Forstlichen Versuchsanstalt (NW-FVA) zum Thema Frostspanner-Fraßprognose Frühjahr 2023
Rastertunnelmikroskopische Untersuchungen von Polythiophen-Molekülen auf idealen Oberflächen
Creators: name: Schreck, Erik
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 530

description: In dieser Arbeit wurden Strukturen von Poly(3-hexylthiophen)-Polymeren (P3HT) an Grenzflächen untersucht. Die Kombination von Ultrahochvakuum und Elektrospray-Deposition ermöglichte die Herstellung von Polymer-Submonolagen auf atomar geordneten Substraten (Au(001), Ag(111), Graphen/Ru(0001)). Mithilfe der Rastertunnelmikroskopie (STM) wurden hochauflösende Abbildungen erstellt. Die Arbeit umfasst drei Bereiche: Polymer-Substrat-Wechselwirkung, Polymer-Polymer-Wechselwirkung und Rastertunnelspektroskopie. Aus einer Konformationsanalyse bestimmte statistische Parameter wurden für die Au- und Ag-Oberfläche verglichen. Der Einfluss der Seitenketten führt zu geordneten (Ag) und weniger gut geordneten Strukturen (Au). Die Ergebnisse tragen zum Verständnis der Grenzschichten von P3HT-Polymeren bei und haben potenzielle Auswirkungen auf die Nanostrukturierung und die Entwicklung organischer Halbleiterbauteile.
description: This thesis investigated the structures of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) polymers at interfaces. The combination of ultrahigh vacuum and electrospray deposition enabled the production of polymer submonolayers on atomically ordered substrates (Au(001), Ag(111), Graphene/Ru(0001)). High-resolution images were obtained using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The study comprises three parts: polymer-substrate interaction, polymer-polymer interaction, and scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Statistical parameters obtained from a conformational analysis were compared for the Au and Ag surfaces. The influence of side chains resulted in ordered structures on Ag and less well-ordered structures on Au. The findings contribute to the understanding of P3HT polymer interfaces and have potential implications for nanostructuring and the development of organic semiconductor devices.
Cosmological tests of General Relativity: a principal component analysis
Creators: name: Hojjati, Alireza
name: Zhao, Gong-Bo
name: Pogosian, Levon
name: Silvestri, Alessandra
name: Crittenden, Robert
name: Koyama, Kazuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The next generation of weak lensing surveys will trace the evolution of matter perturbations and gravitational potentials from the matter dominated epoch until today. Along with constraining the dynamics of dark energy, they will probe the relations between matter overdensities, local curvature, and the Newtonian potential. We work with two functions of time and scale to account for any modifications of these relations in the linear regime from those in the LCDM model. We perform a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to find the eigenmodes and eigenvalues of these functions for surveys like DES and LSST. This paper builds on and significantly extends the PCA analysis of Zhao et al. (2009) in several ways. In particular, we consider the impact of some of the systematic effects expected in weak lensing surveys. We also present the PCA in terms of other choices of the two functions needed to parameterize modified growth on linear scales, and discuss their merits. We analyze the degeneracy between the modified growth functions and other cosmological parameters, paying special attention to the effective equation of state w(z). Finally, we demonstrate the utility of the PCA as an efficient data compression stage which enables one to easily derive constraints on parameters of specific models without recalculating Fisher matrices from scratch.
description: 18 pages, 24 figures
title: South African Invasion of German South West Africa (Union of South Africa)
title: South African Invasion of German South West Africa (Union of South Africa)
Creators: name: Kleynhans, Evert
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Deutsch-Südwestafrika [Schutzgebiet]
subject: Staat Südafrika
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns--Namibia
subject: South Africa

description: The South African invasion of German South West Africa (GSWA) in September 1914, specifically aimed at securing several strategic British war objectives. The invasion was the first time that the Union Defence Force (UDF) was deployed operationally in the event of war. The South African defence planners envisaged a limited military offensive in GSWA that would secure their strategic objectives in the least possible time. The outbreak of the Afrikaner Rebellion within South Africa, coupled with the harsh geography and climate of GSWA, dragged the conquest of the German colony well into 1915.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Defending Against Sequence Number Attacks
Creators: name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Computer science

description: IP spoofing attacks based on sequence number spoofing have become a serious threat on the Internet (CERT Advisory CA-95:01). While ubiquitous crypgraphic authentication is the right answer, we propose a simple modification to TCP implementations that should be a very substantial block to the current wave of attacks.
The Timing of Nine Globular Cluster Pulsars
Creators: name: Lynch, Ryan S.
name: Freire, Paulo C. C.
name: Ransom, Scott M.
name: Jacoby, Bryan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope to time nine previously known pulsars without published timing solutions in the globular clusters M62, NGC 6544, and NGC 6624. We have full timing solutions that measure the spin, astrometric, and (where applicable) binary parameters for six of these pulsars. The remaining three pulsars (reported here for the first time) were not detected enough to establish solutions. We also report our timing solutions for five pulsars with previously published solutions, and find good agreement with past authors, except for PSR J1701-3006B in M62. Gas in this system is probably responsible for the discrepancy in orbital parameters, and we have been able to measure a change in the orbital period over the course of our observations. Among the pulsars with new solutions we find several binary pulsars with very low mass companions (members of the so-called "black widow" class) and we are able to place constraints on the mass-to-light ratio in two clusters. We confirm that one of the pulsars in NGC 6624 is indeed a member of the rare class of non-recycled pulsars found in globular clusters. We also have measured the orbital precession and Shapiro delay for a relativistic binary in NGC 6544. If we assume that the orbital precession can be described entirely by general relativity, which is likely, we are able to measure the total system mass (2.57190(73) M_sun) and companion mass (1.2064(20) M_sun), from which we derive the orbital inclination [sin(i) = 0.9956(14)] and the pulsar mass (1.3655(21) M_sun), the most precise such measurement ever obtained for a millisecond pulsar. The companion is the most massive known around a fully recycled pulsar.
description: Published in ApJ; 33 pages, 5 figures, 7 tables
Generating non-Gaussian states using collisions between Rydberg polaritons
Creators: name: Stanojevic, Jovica
name: Parigi, Valentina
name: Bimbard, Erwan
name: Ourjoumtsev, Alexei
name: Pillet, Pierre
name: Grangier, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate theoretically the deterministic generation of quantum states with negative Wigner functions, by using giant non-linearities due to collisional interactions between Rydberg polaritons. The state resulting from the polariton interactions may be transferred with high fidelity into a photonic state, which can be analyzed using homodyne detection followed by quantum tomography. Besides generating highly non-classical states of the light, this method can also provide a very sensitive probe for the physics of the collisions involving Rydberg states.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
The Security Flag in the IPv4 Header
Creators: name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Computer science
Intrusion detection systems (Computer security)
Internet communication
Internet--Safety measures

description: Firewalls, packet filters, intrusion detection systems, and the like often have difficulty distinguishing between packets that have malicious intent and those that are merely unusual. We define a security flag in the IPv4 header as a means of distinguishing the two cases.
title: The small voices of geographers-in-the-making: investigating an archive of undergraduate dissertations (1954-2014)
Creators: name: Bruinsma, Mette
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2021

description: This thesis provides insights into the knowledge productions and research experiences of many generations of undergraduate geography students. One collection of undergraduate dissertations, ranging from 1954 to 2014, forms the empirical heart of this research. By taking an object-oriented approach, this one collection, from one discipline and one institution, is explored as a composite intellectual, social and cultural source. This research brings together questions from the fields of the history of geography, the history of higher education, and the sociology and geography of knowledge production. Historiographies of geography often emphasise the works of established geographers and generally overlook the many contributions of student-geographers, even though this latter group makes up the majority of the disciplinary community. By acknowledging these students’ first independent research projects, written down in undergraduate dissertations, the existing narrative about the history of geography is complemented, and partly reshaped, by these many ‘small’ knowledge productions of novice geographers. Besides this intellectual approach to the dissertation archive, this project focuses upon the social and spatial networks that student-geographers are working in and with, and how these networks sometimes offer opportunities, and other times challenges, for their knowledge production. Exploring the social and spatial elements of dissertation research demonstrates the ‘situatedness’ of knowledge productions, shining a light too on changing educational practices and traditions. With the undergraduate dissertation as a recognisable experience for many academics, the dissertations are furthermore researched here as cultural sources: as a significant ‘rite of passage’ within a transformation from ‘geographer-in-the-making’ to ‘real’, qualified geographer, a first and often formative encounter with doing independent research. Writing this disciplinary history ‘from below’ recognises and acknowledges the contributions of many geographers for three reasons: first, they are produced by an overlooked but central group in the geographical community; second, the rich archival collection of dissertations contains many excellent geographical knowledge productions that have remained barely read, until now; and third, there is a wish to encourage others to explore similar collections of student knowledge productions held elsewhere.
Acceptance corrections to net baryon and net charge cumulants
Creators: name: Bzdak, Adam
name: Koch, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the effect of finite acceptance drastically influences the net-baryon and net-charge cumulants, which are believed to be sensitive probes of the QCD phase diagram. We derive the general formulae that relate the true cumulants K_{n} which reflect the full dynamics of the system with the actually measured cumulants c_{n} for a given acceptance, modeled by a binomial probability parameter p. We find that this relation involves additional moments which cannot be expressed by cumulants and should be measured in order to extract any potential information about the QCD critical point. We demonstrate that for a wide range of the true cumulant ratios K_{n}/K_{m} the measured ratios c_{n}/c_{m} quickly converge if p < 1/2, which makes the interpretation of the data very challenging, especially in case of the net-proton cumulants. Our study further suggests that the measurement of net-charge cumulants may be more advantageous for the investigation of the QCD phase diagram.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, added comments and references, to be published in Phys. Rev. C
On the Use of Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with IPsec
Creators: name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
name: Ioannidis, John
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
name: Stewart, Randall R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Computer science

description: This document describes functional requirements for IPsec (RFC 2401) and Internet Key Exchange (IKE) (RFC 2409) to facilitate their use in securing SCTP (RFC 2960) traffic.
Breast cancer and endocrine therapy adherence in Ethiopia : diagnosis, treatment, and breast nurse intervention
Creators: name: Getachew Kelbore, Sefonias
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Many women in rural Ethiopia do not receive adjuvant therapy following breast cancer surgery despite the majority being diagnosed with estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer and tamoxifen being available in the country. This dissertation comprises five studies applying different methodology focusing on a breast nurse intervention aiming to increase endocrine treatment adherence of breast cancer patients. To address gaps in early diagnostics, barriers to adherence, survivorship care in peripheral regions of Ethiopia, we conducted cluster-randomized controlled trial in eight peripheral hospitals comparing a breast nurse intervention vs. usual care leading to improved treatment adherence measures. Breast nurses can improve adherence endocrine therapy should be considered for implementation across the whole continuum of breast cancer care. Through a task-sharing approach, breast nurses could further facilitate early detection and screening measures at peripheral sites.
description: Viele Frauen im ländlichen Äthiopien erhalten nach einer Brustkrebsoperation keine adjuvante Therapie, obwohl bei der Mehrheit Östrogenrezeptor-positiver Brustkrebs diagnostiziert wird und Tamoxifen im Land verfügbar ist. Diese Dissertation umfasst fünf Studien unterschiedlicher Methodik die sich auf eine Brustpflegeintervention konzentrieren, mit dem Ziel der Verbesserung der Adhärenzverbesserung, Schließung von Lücken in der Frühdiagnostik, sowie Hürden der Versorgung von Überlebenden. In einer cluster-randomisierten kontrollierten Studie in acht Krankenhäusern wurde die Implementierung spezialisierter Brustpflegekräfte mit der üblichen Versorgung verglichen, was zu Verbesserung der Therapieadhärenz führte. Die Implementierung spezialisierter Brustpflegekräfte sollte für im gesamten Kontinuum der Brustkrebsbehandlung in Äthiopien in Betracht gezogen werden. Weiterhin der könnten Brustpflegekräfte Früherkennungs- und Screening-Maßnahmen an peripheren Standorten verbessern.
From Functional Programs to Pipelined Dataflow Circuits
Creators: name: Townsend, Richard Morse
name: Kim, Martha Allen
name: Edwards, Stephen A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Compilers (Computer programs)
Logic design
Data flow computing

description: We present a translation from programs expressed in a functional IR into dataflow networks as an intermediate step within a Haskell-to-Hardware compiler. Our networks exploit pipeline parallelism, particularly across multiple tail-recursive calls, via non-strict function evaluation. To handle the long-latency memory operations common to our target applications, we employ a latency-insensitive methodology that ensures arbitrary delays do not change the functionality of the circuit. We present empirical results comparing our networks against their strict counterparts, showing that nonstrictness can mitigate small increases in memory latency and improve overall performance by up to 2x.
Security Mechanisms for the Internet
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Computer science

description: Security must be built into Internet Protocols for those protocols to offer their services securely. Many security problems can be traced to improper implementations. However, even a proper implementation will have security problems if the fundamental protocol is itself exploitable. Exactly how security should be implemented in a protocol will vary, because of the structure of the protocol itself. However, there are many protocols for which standard Internet security mechanisms, already developed, may be applicable. The precise one that is appropriate in any given situation can vary. We review a number of different choices, explaining the properties of each.
Retrospektive Analyse der leitliniengerechten Diagnostik und Therapie des nicht-kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinoms in den Jahren 2015 und 2016 an der Klinik für Innere Medizin II des Krankenhauses Martha Maria Halle-Dölau
Creators: name: Görke, Fabian
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Um das nicht-kleinzellige Lungenkarzinom bestmöglich zu behandeln, ist die leitliniengerechte Therapie die aktuell wirksamste Behandlungsmöglichkeit. In dieser Studie wurde dabei untersucht, in welchen Maß der Durchdringungsgrad der 2015 und 2016 geltenden S3-Leitlinie zur Behandlung von nicht-kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinomen erreicht wurde und ob Patienten, welche eine stadien- und leitlininengerechte Therapie erhielten, einen erhöhten Überlebensvorteil vorweisen konnten. In einer retrospektiven Analyse der Behandlungsdaten des KH Martha Maria Halle von 2015 und 2016 wurden dabei die Aspekte der leitliniengerechten Therapie, die Umsetzung des empfohlenen Diagnostikmittel und Therapieschemata auf das Gesamtüberleben untersucht. Mit Hilfe von Kaplan-Meyer-Schätzern wurde das jeweilige Gesamtüberleben in Abhängigkeit von der Nachbeobachtungszeit visualisiert. Dabei konnte ein stat. sign. Unterschied (p < 0,05) zu Gunsten der beschrieben Beurteilungsaspekte nachgewiesen werden.
description: In order to treat non-small cell lung cancer in the best possible way, guideline-based therapy is currently the most effective treatment option. This study examined the extent to which the S3 guideline for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, which was valid in 2015 and 2016, had been penetrated and whether patients who received therapy appropriate to the stage and guideline were able to demonstrate an increased survival advantage. In a retrospective analysis of the treatment data from the KH Martha Maria Halle from 2015 and 2016, the aspects of guideline-based therapy, the implementation of the recommended diagnostic tools and therapy schemes for overall survival were examined. With the help of Kaplan-Meyer estimators, the respective overall survival was visualized as a function of the follow-up time. A stat. sign. difference (p < 0.05) in favor of the assessment aspects described can be demonstrated.
CANCERS DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM WITH COMPUTER VISION ALGORITHMS
Creators: name: Ibrahim, Bahaa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Computer vision
Cancer diagnosis
Cancer therapy (excl. chemotherapy and radiation therapy)

description: This project is going to consider more than three cancers and tumors like breast tumor, skin cancer, and colorectal tumor for now, and each model of them will aim to detect or to be more specific to classify the given data like an image (Radiology) which will be given as input to the model which will be deployed as a mobile application and classify cancer, or the tumor based on their different types. The problem of tumor classification for its malignancy level and cancer for its type has been studied for the last few years and has a reasonable number of applications here and there for everyone who’s trying to improve a model which has a reasonable level of predictability. There is an enormous number of algorithms to be used in machine learning for such a classification problem and this would be a great challenge to choose between, not only this we also have to figure out which hyperparameters for every model we are trying to deploy (Tuning Process). There are a different number of algorithms and architectures to be used when dealing with neural networks models, starting with conventional neural network models with a specific number of layers and nodes or units and applying different techniques to get the best test accuracy but as we are dealing with images (Computer Vision Model), it’s better to use CNN which is a class of ANN as well, and it’s predictable to be more accurate and less computation time as well. All of these models are modeled with the aid of the TensorFlow framework for training and evaluating processes, also it will be very effective for Converting the best model for each cancer or tumor to a TensorFlow Lite model to be deployed as a mobile application using the Flutter framework.
title: Germany's Blank Cheque to Austria-Hungary
title: Germany's Blank Cheque to Austria-Hungary
Creators: name: Mulligan, William
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Julikrise
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: o.P. Europe--History--July Crisis, 1914
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Causes

description: Germany’s offer of unconditional support to its Austro-Hungarian ally in July 1914 remains one of the most controversial decisions in modern history. Historians have interpreted the blank cheque in several, often contradictory, ways – either as a German attempt to escalate a regional crisis into a wider European war or as a move to localise war in the Balkans. Most historians agree that the blank cheque marked a victory for the war party in Vienna.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
title: Vollmachtenregime
title: Vollmachtenregime
Creators: name: Schneider, Oliver
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Schweiz / Bundesrat
subject: Vollmacht
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918--Switzerland
subject: War and emergency powers

description: During the First World War, the Swiss federal government imposed a state of emergency, which was established to ensure the maintenance of Swiss neutrality, supply and integrity. As the war progressed, legal measures under this regime became more frequent as well as incisive, especially in economic matters and shaped Switzerland’s political future well beyond 1918.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Macroeconomic Policies in the OECD and LDC External Adjustment
Creators: name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
name: McKibbin, Warwick J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: In this paper, the authors describe a simulation model for analyzing the effects of macroeconomic policies in the OECD on global macroeconomic equilibrium. Particular attention is paid to the effects on developing countries of alternative mixes of monetary and fiscal policies in the OECD.Though the model is quite small, it has several properties which make it attractive for policy analysis. First, the important stock-flow relationships and intertemporal budget constraints are carefully observed, so that the models useful for short-run and long-run analysis. Budget deficits, for example, cumulate into a stock of public debt which must be serviced, while current account deficits cumulate into a stock of foreign debt. Second, the asset markets are forward looking, so that the exchange rate is conditioned by the entire future path of policies rather than by a set of short-run expectations. Third, the model is amenable to policy optimization exercises, and in particular can be used to study the effects of policy coordination versus non-coordination in the OECD, on global macroeconomic equilibrium.
Enhancing Australian Foundation Spatial Data Framework to support Australias future
Creators: name: Bastrakova, I.V.
name: Car, N.J.
name: Logan, G.A.L.
Publisher: name: Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia)
Year: 2018
Subjects: data integration
collaboration
standards
semantic web

description: The Foundation Spatial Data Framework (FSDF) is a framework of ten national authoritative geographic data themes that supports evidence-based social-economic decision making across multiple levels of Australian and New Zealand government agencies, industry, research and the community. The AAA data management principles (Authoritative, Accurate and Accessible), articulated for FSDF, are easily translatable to the FAIR Principles and applied to ensure: - Ability to Find data through rich and consistently implemented metadata; - Access to metadata and data by humans and machines while practicing federated data management within trusted data repositories; - Interoperability of metadata and data through adoption of common standards and application of best practices; and - Reusability of data by capturing licencing constraints and information about its quality and provenance. The Location Information Knowledge Platform (LINK) was developed in 2016 as a digital catalogue of FSDF content. This governed, online, dynamic, analysis and discovery tool was designed to enhance the discovery of FSDF datasets, support work planning and indicate the legal frameworks, agency priorities and use case associated with FSDF data. More than 73 Australian government agencies and commercial organisations use this Platform. Current work includes: - Building common high-level and individual lower-level information models (ontologies) for the FSDF and each dataset; - Development of a new architecture for persistent identifiers and identifier incorporation in the datasets; - The ISO 19115-1-based Australian and New Zealand Metadata profile and best practices user guides; and - Testing new workflows for metadata and data governance and integration utilising a set of common cloud-based infrastructure. On realisation, the FSDF will become a necessary component of spatial socio-economic decision making across Australian and New Zealand government agencies and the private sector. FSDF will encourage cross-sector partnerships and enable seamless access to authoritative spatial data across organisational and jurisdictional boundaries, thus contributing to economic growth, improved public safety, meeting legal and policy obligations and sustaining business needs.
title: MacArthur, Douglas
title: MacArthur, Douglas
Creators: name: Salo, Edward
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. MacArthur, Douglas
subject: o.P. MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964

description: General Douglas MacArthur was a career Army officer and an American military leader during World War I. During the war, he rose to division commander and was cited for battlefield bravery. MacArthur participated in the Champagne-Marne, St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne offensives, and the “Race to Sedan”. He later served as the Supreme Allied commander in World War II (pacific) and the Korean War.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Natural Resource Abundance and Economic Growth
Creators: name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
name: Warner, Andrew M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: One of the surprising features of modern economic growth is that economies with abundant natural resources have tended to grow less rapidly than natural-resource-scarce economies. In this paper we show that economies with a high ratio of natural resource exports to GDP in 1971 (the base year) tended to have low growth rates during the subsequent period 1971-89. This negative relationship holds true even after controlling for variables found to be important for economic growth, such as initial per capita income, trade policy, government efficiency, investment rates, and other variables. We explore the possible pathways for this negative relationship by studying the cross-country effects of resource endowments on trade policy, bureaucratic efficiency, and other determinants of growth. We also provide a simple theoretical model of endogenous growth that might help to explain the observed negative relationship.
Supplementary document for Wafer-scale high aspect-ratio sapphire periodic nanostructures fabricated by self-modulated femtosecond laser hybrid technology - 5996413.pdf
Creators: name: Sun, Xiang-Chao
name: Liu, Xue-Qing
name: Sun, Zhi-Juan
name: Li, Shunxin
name: Zheng, Jia-Xin
name: Xia, Hong
name: Wang, Lei
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental Document
Trends in Regional Inequality in China
Creators: name: Jian, Tianlun
name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
name: Warner, Andrew M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: Several recent studies have examined the tendency of regions within a nation to exhibit long-term convergence in per capita income levels. Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1991, 1992, 1995) have found a tendency towards convergence among the U.S. states, among Japanese prefectures, and among regions within Western Europe. In this paper we examine the tendency towards convergence among the provinces of China during the period 1952-1993. We find that real income convergence of provinces in China has been a relatively recent phenomenon, emerging strongly only since the reform period began in 1978. During the initial phase of central planning, 1952-1965, there is some evidence for convergence, but it is weak and sensitive to the time period being analyzed. During the cultural revolution, 1965- 1978, there is strong evidence of divergence rather than convergence. We find strong evidence for convergence during the reform period is associated with rural reforms, and is especially strong within the coastal regions where there has been liberalization of international trade and investment flows. However, since 1990 regional incomes have begun to diverge. Such a divergence is entirely explained by the variance between the coastal and interior provinces, rather than increase in variance within each other. Therefore, it seems that China is now on a dual track, with a prosperous and fast growing coastal region and a poor interior growing at a lower rate.
Orthonormal Expansion l1-Minimization Algorithms for Compressed Sensing
Creators: name: Yang, Zai
name: Zhang, Cishen
name: Deng, Jun
name: Lu, Wenmiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Compressed sensing aims at reconstructing sparse signals from significantly reduced number of samples, and a popular reconstruction approach is $\ell_1$-norm minimization. In this correspondence, a method called orthonormal expansion is presented to reformulate the basis pursuit problem for noiseless compressed sensing. Two algorithms are proposed based on convex optimization: one exactly solves the problem and the other is a relaxed version of the first one. The latter can be considered as a modified iterative soft thresholding algorithm and is easy to implement. Numerical simulation shows that, in dealing with noise-free measurements of sparse signals, the relaxed version is accurate, fast and competitive to the recent state-of-the-art algorithms. Its practical application is demonstrated in a more general case where signals of interest are approximately sparse and measurements are contaminated with noise.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
title: War Aims and War Aims Discussions (Italy)
title: War Aims and War Aims Discussions (Italy)
Creators: name: Baravelli, Andrea
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Italien
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Kriegsziel
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918
subject: Italy

description: At the outbreak of the First World War, Italian diplomacy did not have a clear vision of the goals to be achieved. Therefore, in negotiations with the countries already involved in the conflict, excessive territorial claims were made. The errors of diplomacy, however, were induced by domestic political considerations developed by the liberal ruling class, which took advantage of the patriotic mobilization processes to get rid of Giolittism and impose a political order clearly oriented to the right. The fragmentation of the political framework and the interventionist camp’s lack of coordinated action would subsequently determine the complete victory of this political project.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Photoelectron Angular Distributions for Two-photon Ionization of Helium by Ultrashort Extreme Ultraviolet Free Electron Laser Pulses
Creators: name: Ma, R.
name: Motomura, K.
name: Ishikawa, K. L.
name: Mondal, S.
name: Fukuzawa, H.
name: Yamada, A.
name: Ueda, K.
name: Nagaya, K.
name: Yase, S.
name: Mizoguchi, Y.
name: Yao, M.
name: Rouzée, A.
name: Hundermark, A.
name: Vrakking, M. J. J.
name: Johnsson, P.
name: Nagasono, M.
name: Tono, K.
name: Togashi, T.
name: Senba, Y.
name: Ohashi, H.
name: Yabashi, M.
name: Ishikawa, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase-shift differences and amplitude ratios of the outgoing $s$ and $d$ continuum wave packets generated by two-photon ionization of helium atoms are determined from the photoelectron angular distributions obtained using velocity map imaging. Helium atoms are ionized with ultrashort extreme-ultraviolet free-electron laser pulses with a photon energy of 20.3, 21.3, 23.0, and 24.3 eV, produced by the SPring-8 Compact SASE Source test accelerator. The measured values of the phase-shift differences are distinct from scattering phase-shift differences when the photon energy is tuned to an excited level or Rydberg manifold. The difference stems from the competition between resonant and non-resonant paths in two-photon ionization by ultrashort pulses. Since the competition can be controlled in principle by the pulse shape, the present results illustrate a new way to tailor the continuum wave packet.
description: 5 pages, 1 table, 3 figures
On Many Addresses per Host
Creators: name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Computer science

description: This document was submitted to the IETF IPng area in response to RFC 1550. Publication of this document does not imply acceptance by the IPng area of any ideas expressed within. Comments should be submitted to the big-internet@munnari.oz.au mailing list.
Model-Independent Comparisons of Pulsar Timings to Scalar-Tensor Gravity
Creators: name: Horbatsch, M. W.
name: Burgess, C. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of pulsar timing provide strong constraints on scalar-tensor theories of gravity, but these constraints are traditionally quoted as limits on the microscopic parameters (like the Brans-Dicke coupling, for example) that govern the strength of scalar-matter couplings at the particle level in particular models. Here we present fits to timing data for several pulsars directly in terms of the phenomenological couplings (masses, scalar charges, moment of inertia sensitivities and so on) of the stars involved, rather than to the more microscopic parameters of a specific model. For instance, for the double pulsar PSR J0737-3039A/B we find at the 68% confidence level that the masses are bounded by 1.28 < m_A/m_sun < 1.34 and 1.19 < m_B/m_sun < 1.25, while the scalar-charge to mass ratios satisfy |a_A| < 0.21, |a_B| < 0.21 and |a_B - a_A| < 0.002$. These constraints are independent of the details of the scalar tensor model involved, and of assumptions about the stellar equations of state. Our fits can be used to constrain a broad class of scalar tensor theories by computing the fit quantities as functions of the microscopic parameters in any particular model. For the Brans-Dicke and quasi-Brans-Dicke models, the constraints obtained in this manner are consistent with those quoted in the literature.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
Klinisch-pharmakologische Visiten in der Alterstraumatologie : Möglichkeit der Prävention einer Nierenfunktionsverschlechterung und Definition prädisponierender Faktoren
Creators: name: Ghadir, Hassan
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Hintergrund: Aufgrund der zunehmenden Multimorbidität und der komplexen Pharmakotherapie, meist einer vorbestehenden Polypharmazie, finden sich erhöhte Risiken für assoziierte Komplikationen, z. B. einer medikamentös induzierten Nierenfunktionsverschlechterung, insbesondere in den akuten Krankheitssituationen bei älteren und hochbetagten Patienten. Methoden: Zur Analyse der Effektivität eines individuellen Pharmakotherapie-Managements bezüglich der Reduktion von Nierenfunktionsschäden wurde eine Vergleichs-Kohorten- Analyse durchgeführt. Retrospektiv wurde die Patientengruppe über einen definierten Zeitabschnitt (2012 bis 2016) nach Einführung der Intervention mit einer analogen Fallzahl aus der Zeit vor Aufnahme der Intervention verglichen. Ergebnisse: Das Auftreten der Nierenfunktionsverschlechterung im zeitlichen Zusammenhang mit der Intervention war in der Interventionsgruppe deutlich niedriger. die absolute Risikoreduktion betrug 5,5 % und die relative Risikoreduktion lag bei 100 % im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe. Schlussfolgerung: Zusammenfassend zeigt die Studie, dass eine regelmäßige interprofessionelle klinisch- pharmakologische Visite hocheffektiv ist, um das Risiko einer möglichen Nierenfunktionsverschlechterung zu reduzieren und in den klinischen Alltag etabliert werden sollte.
description: Background: Because of Multimorbidity and Polymedication among hospitalized elderly patients there are a high risk to develop diverse complication like a drug-induced renal disorders specially in the acute hospitalization. Methods: In a retrospective controlled clinical study of 403 hospitalized trauma patients ≥70 years we compared the Individual Pharmacotherapy Management (IPM) intervention group (IG) with a control group (CG) before IPM implementation (2012-2016) at the University Hospitals Halle (Saale). Results: A total of 403 patients underwent randomization. A primary outcome event occurred in 5,5 % in the control group and 2,5% in the intervention group with a relative risk reduction of 100%. The risk to develop a kidney injury was in the IG lower. Conclusions: IPM is associated with effective prevention of acute kidney injury among elderly patients. It should be integrated in every hospital.
Establishment of reference interval for the tumour marker serum CYFRA 21-1 in healthy Chinese Han ethnic adults
Creators: name: Zhao, Bing
name: Zhang, Miaomiao
name: Liu, Donghong
name: Ren, Yingpeng
name: Xie, Jing
name: Liang, Yan
name: Yang, Zaixing
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Background: Our aim was to establish the reference interval (RI) for serum CYFRA 21-1 in healthy Chinese Han ethnic adults, since there has been no report about it. Methods: After screening, 9954 healthy Chinese Han adults (age range 18–95 years) were recruited, including 6639 (66.7%) males and 3315 (33.3%) females. Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was used to measure serum CYFRA21-1. The RI was defined by nonparametric 95% percentile interval. Results: The distribution for serum CYFRA21-1 level was non-Gaussian. The RI for healthy Chinese Han adults calculated by nonparametric method was 0–4.47 ng/ml in this study, higher than that recommended by Roche Diagnostics GmbH (≤3.3 ng/ml). The reference values were higher in males than females before 50 years of age, although the difference was hardly seen after 50 years of age. The reference value increased with age in both males and females. Of slight difference, the increase of male reference value was obvious at 60–69 and more than 80 years of age, while that of female obvious at 50–69 and more than 80 years of age. Conclusions: We establish the RI for serum CYFRA21-1 in healthy Chinese Han population, which is higher than that recommended by Roche Diagnostics GmbH. Furthermore, our study suggests that it is necessary to establish the age- and sex-specific RIs for serum CYFRA21-1.