cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Migration and female labour supply as shock coping strategies after economic crises and natural disasters
Creators: name: Canessa, Eugenia
Publisher: name: Universit� degli studi di Trento
Year: 2020

description: The research project intends to investigate the responses of households to economic uncertainty and natural shocks and the coping strategies developed both in terms of growing migration rates and remittance inflows and of increasing labour supply. In the first Chapter, we employ household survey data from the Indian State of Kerala to evaluate how transfers of remittances sent from overseas respond to heterogeneous sectoral employment shocks experienced by migrants in the host country during the 2008 crisis. In the second chapter, migration and remittances have been investigated as coping strategies adopted by households after a dramatic flood that hit Bangladesh in August-September 2014. The combination of high-resolution satellite data to precisely measure our treatment variable and the difference-in-difference estimations allow us to causally identify the impact of the dramatic flooding on internal and international migration. The same robust estimation technique is then applied to evaluate the effect of the 2014 flood in Bangladesh on female labour force participation rate and on the probability for unemployed women to enter the labour force. In addition, correcting for selection into employment, we estimate how the flood affects the probability for women working in the household farm to engage in independent wage-earning activities, evaluatiing whether the expected rise in female labour force participation - instrumented by the shock intensity they face - would help to increase their bargaining power within the households.
Vita e morte del paesaggio industriale. Indagini e proposte per la marca trevigiana in trasformazione
Creators: name: Cipriani, Laura
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Trento
Year: 2012

description: Questo contributo intende raccontare attraverso la produzione di una serie di immagini parte dei risultati di una ricerca, iniziata nel 2004 e conclusasi nel 2005, relativamente ai sistemi produttivi presenti nella provincia di Treviso. Come riqualificare un paesaggio in piena trasformazione? Quali interventi effettuare nel presente affinch� i luoghi della produzione (od ex-produzione) siano sempre re-inventabili e ri-ciclabili nel prossimo futuro? E? possibile creare luoghi con un alto grado di ?durabilit�?, ossia che possano ri-vivere una volta terminato il ciclo di vita primario?
Donor and Acceptor Levels in Semiconducting Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Carvalho, A.
name: Neto, A. H. Castro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Density functional theory calculations are used to show that it is possible to dope semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) such as MoS$_2$ and WS$_2$ with electrons and/or holes either by chemical substitution or by adsorption on the sulfur layer. Notably, the activation energies of Lithium and Phosphorus, a shallow donor and a shallow acceptor, respectively, are smaller than 0.1 eV. Substitutional halogens are also proposed as alternative donors adequate for different temperature regimes. All dopants proposed result in very little lattice relaxation and, hence, are expected to lead to minor scattering of the charge carriers. Doped MoS$_2$ and WS$_2$ monolayers are extrinsic in a much wider temperature range than 3D semiconductors, making them superior for high temperature electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Compartmental differential equations models of botnets and epidemic malware
Creators: name: Ajelli, Marco
name: Lo Cigno, Renato Antonio
name: Montresor, Alberto
Publisher: name: Universit� di Trento
Year: 2010

description: Botnets, i.e., large systems of controlled agents, have become the most sophisticated and dangerous way of spreading malware. Their damaging actions can range from massive dispatching of e-mail spam messages, to denial of service attacks, to collection of private and sensitive information. Unlike standard computer viruses or worms, botnets spread silently without actively operating their damaging activity, and then are activated in a coordinated way to maximize the ?benefit? of the malware. In this paper we propose two models based on compartmental differential equations derived from ?standard? models in biological disease spreading. These models offer insight into the general behavior of botnets, allowing both the optimal tuning of botnets? characteristics, and possible countermeasures to prevent them. We analyze, in closed form, some simple instances of the models whose parameters have non-ambiguous interpretation. We conclude the paper by discussing possible model extensions, which can be used to fine-tune the analysis of specific epidemic malware in the case that some parameters can be obtained from actual measurements of the botnet behavior.
The Morphological Transformation of Red-Sequence Galaxies in the Distant Cluster XMMU J1229+0151
Creators: name: Cerulo, P.
name: Couch, W. J.
name: Lidman, C.
name: Delaye, L.
name: Demarco, R.
name: Huertas-Company, M.
name: Mei, S.
name: Sanchez-Janssen, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a detailed analysis of galaxy properties along the red sequence in XMMU J1229+0151, an X-ray selected cluster at $z=0.98$ drawn from the HAWK-I Cluster Survey (HCS). Taking advantage of the broad photometric coverage and the availability of 77 spectra in the cluster field, we fit synthetic spectral energy distributions, and estimate stellar masses and photometric redshifts, which we use to determine the cluster membership. We investigate morphological and structural properties of red sequence galaxies and find that elliptical galaxies populate the bright end, while S0 galaxies represent the predominant population at intermediate luminosities, with their fraction decreasing at fainter magnitudes. A comparison with the low-redshift sample of the WINGS cluster survey reveals that at $z\sim1$ the bright end of the red sequence of XMMU J1229+0151 is richer in S0 galaxies. The faint end of the red sequence in XMMUJ1229+0151 appears rich in disc-dominated galaxies, which are rarer in the low redshift comparison sample at the same luminosities. Despite these differences between the morphological composition of the red sequence in XMMUJ1229+0151 and in low redshift samples, we find that to within the uncertainties, no such difference exists in the ratio of luminous to faint galaxies along the red sequence.
description: 25 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Non-polynomial extensions of solvable potentials a la Abraham-Moses
Creators: name: Odake, Satoru
name: Sasaki, Ryu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Abraham-Moses transformations, besides Darboux transformations, are well-known procedures to generate extensions of solvable potentials in one-dimensional quantum mechanics. Here we present the explicit forms of infinitely many seed solutions for adding eigenstates at arbitrary real energy through the Abraham-Moses transformations for typical solvable potentials, e.g. the radial oscillator, the Darboux-Pöschl-Teller and some others. These seed solutions are simple generalisations of the virtual state wavefunctions, which are obtained from the eigenfunctions by discrete symmetries of the potentials. The virtual state wavefunctions have been an essential ingredient for constructing multi-indexed Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials through multiple Darboux-Crum transformations. In contrast to the Darboux transformations, the virtual state wavefunctions generate non-polynomial extensions of solvable potentials through the Abraham-Moses transformations.
description: 29 pages
Hybrid Fringes. Discussing contemporary (r-)urban fractal territories: Techno-natural tactics for post-urban systems
Creators: name: Betta, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Universit� degli studi di Trento
Year: 2020

description: Contemporary debate on the future of urban areas is open and far from finding a convergence point among disciplines. As environmental concerns rise globally and connections between urbanity and ecology are being developed, urban-rural fringes are still an overlooked territory. The thesis proposes a shift in the focus as traditional frameworks have proven to be inadequate to track land-use changes in these hybrid spaces. Starting from selected key concepts, a compelling narrative on hybrid urban-rural fringes is proposed. The thesis benefited from the work done within the Interreg Alpine Space project ?Los_Dama!?. This allowed to bridge the gap between research and practice and to directly investigate local planning tools in their adoption process to understand the approach to urban-rural fringes and investigate the role of agriculture. The comparison of the tools and direct fieldwork with local stakeholders supported the understanding of barriers in the implementation of hybrid performative landscapes.
Strong Gravitational Lensing and Its Cosmic Constraints
Creators: name: Wang, Nannan
name: Xu, Lixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a new method to use the strong lensing data sets to constrain a cosmological model. By taking the ratio $\mathcal{D}^{obs}_{ij}=θ_{\mathrm{E_{\mathrm{i}}}}σ_{\mathrm{0_{\mathrm{j}}}}^2/θ_{\mathrm{E_{\mathrm{j}}}}σ_{\mathrm{0_{\mathrm{i}}}}^2$ as cosmic observations, one can {\it completely} eliminate the uncertainty caused by the relation $σ_{\mathrm{SIS}}=f_{\mathrm{E}}σ_0$ which characterizes the relation between the stellar velocity dispersion $σ_0$ and the velocity dispersion $σ_{SIS}$. Via our method, a relative tight constraint to the cosmological model space can be obtained, for the spatially flat $Λ$CDM model as an example $Ω_m=0.143_{- 0.143-0.143-0.143}^{+ 0.000769+0.143+0.489}$ in $3σ$ regions. And by using this method, one can also probe the nature of dark energy and the spatial curvature of our Universe.
Investigating antigen delivery and presentation of OMV-based cancer vaccines
Creators: name: Isaac, Samine Jessica
Publisher: name: Universit� degli studi di Trento
Year: 2020

description: Immunisation is the single most successful medical intervention to date. With the improved understanding of cancer immunity, cancer vaccines have quickly become weapons to be honed in the fight against cancer. The low immunogenicity of malignant cells hampers cancer immunotherapies. Cancer vaccines promise to overcome this problem.Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical structures shed from all gram-negative bacterial outer membranes. Currently, OMV-based vaccines focus on infectious disease. There are gaps in their use as cancer antigen delivery vehicles for cancer vaccines. Due to their adjuvanticity and simplicity for genetic engineering, OMVs have great potential as a cancer vaccine platform. Here the aim is to show that it is possible to express an antibody derived single-chain variable fragment (scFv), specific for dendritic cell receptor DEC205, on the surface of OMVs using a bacterial protein as a carrier. Then demonstrate OMVs can be used to elicit good CD8+ T cell responses. And finally show that their adjuvant and delivery vehicle properties lend them for use in in situ cancer vaccination.I have shown we can engineer OMVs to express a functional scFv specific for the dendritic cell receptor DEC205 using a carrier. And that our proteome-minimised OMVs improved surface expression of the scFv fusion protein. The expression of the dendritic cell specific scFv increases internalisation of OMVs in dendritic cells. Importantly, this demonstrates an effective method for modifying OMV interaction with antigen presenting cells. Moreover, our OMVs, without additional dendritic cell targeting, are efficient vehicles for antigen delivery and can be used to elicit strong CD8+ T cell responses. Finally, we show that our proteome-minimised OMVs alone induce anti-tumour immunity when injected intratumorally. Additionally, in the presence of tumour-specific neoepitopes we elicit an improved anti-tumour response.The flexibility of OMVs both as adjuvants and vehicles for antigen delivery means they make a versatile vaccine platform, which can be fine-tuned using the techniques demonstrated.
On Two Ways to Look for Mutually Unbiased Bases
Creators: name: Kibler, Maurice Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two equivalent ways of looking for mutually unbiased bases are discussed in this note. The passage from the search for d+1 mutually unbiased bases in C(d) to the search for d(d+1) vectors in C(d*d) satisfying constraint relations is clarified. Symmetric informationally complete positive-operator-valued measures are briefly discussed in a similar vein.
description: three pages to be published in Acta Polytechnica (Czech Technical University in Prague)
Essere, possibilit�, senso. Note per un confronto Rosmini/Husserl
Creators: name: Nobile, Mauro
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Trento - Dipartimento di Lettere e Filosofia
Year: 2020

description: Il saggio propone un confronto fra la fenomenologia di Husserl e l'ideologia di Rosmini allo scopo di chiarire alcuni passaggi filosofici che, sulla base dell'interpretazione dell'essere in termini di possibilit�, possono contribuire a una riformulazione della nozione moderna di "senso".
Using statistical models of shape in musculoskeletal biomechanics and orthopaedic reconstruction
Creators: name: Nolte, Daniel
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Bone shapes significantly influence function, biomechanics and kinematics of the musculoskeletal system through the shape of articulating surfaces, muscle attachments and lever arms of the muscles defined by wrapping around boney prominences. Orthopaedic conditions such as trauma and osteoarthritis affecting bone shapes, therefore, have a significant impact on the individual’s mobility and independence. In the diagnosis and treatment of such conditions 3D bone models are widely used for patient-specific musculoskeletal simulations and surgical planning. Three-dimensional medical imaging is commonly used to evaluate bone shapes and the musculoskeletal anatomy, but this is not always available, is costly, and frequently requires significant trained expertise. Statistical shape modelling provides a compact parameterised representation of shapes of a larger population and a method that enables analysis and shape reconstruction. In this thesis methods and models supporting the diagnosis and surgical planning for orthopaedic reconstruction using statistical shape models were developed and evaluated. In the first part methods were developed to customise patient-specific musculoskeletal models by reconstructing bone shapes using landmark measurements from a marker-based motion capture system and to provide a method for non-linear scaling of muscle path geometries without medical imaging using shape model reconstructions. The second part introduces methods to reconstruct intact bone shapes from planar X-ray or 3D medical images of partial bones representing various levels of defect and evaluates the methods for use in clinical practice for surgical planning and intra-surgical assistance. As result, the described methods increased the accuracy of bone shape prediction from motion capture measurements from between 3.8 mm and 3.9 mm for linear scaling methods to between 2.6 mm and 3.0 mm average surface errors for shape model reconstructions. Muscle path geometry models using statistical shape models reduced the variability and the overall error of predicted attachment points by 9% to 20% compared to linear scaling methods. Predictions of intact bone shapes from 3D models were comparable to or better than using a mirrored model of the contralateral side for small defects. Reconstructions from planar X-ray showed average surface errors between 1.6 mm and 3.6 mm for defects between 0 and 50% of the distal end of the bone that was removed. The presented studies provide shape modelling methods with levels of accuracy that allow for application in clinical practice and provide models that may be used as part of multiscale musculoskeletal models for resource constrained clinical and research environments.
A Search for Optical Variability of Type 2 Quasars in SDSS Stripe 82
Creators: name: Barth, A. J.
name: Voevodkin, A.
name: Carson, D. J.
name: Woźniak, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hundreds of Type 2 quasars have been identified in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data, and there is substantial evidence that they are generally galaxies with highly obscured central engines, in accord with unified models for active galactic nuclei (AGNs). A straightforward expectation of unified models is that highly obscured Type 2 AGNs should show little or no optical variability on timescales of days to years. As a test of this prediction, we have carried out a search for variability in Type 2 quasars in SDSS Stripe 82 using difference-imaging photometry. Starting with the Type 2 AGN catalogs of Zakamska et al. (2003) and Reyes et al. (2008), we find evidence of significant g-band variability in 17 out of 173 objects for which light curves could be measured from the Stripe 82 data. To determine the nature of this variability, we obtained new Keck spectropolarimetry observations for seven of these variable AGNs. The Keck data show that these objects have low continuum polarizations (p
description: 14 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in AJ
PREPARATION OF SHORT ETHIOPIAN SISAL FIBER REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES FOR STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS
Creators: name: DESTA TESFAY BEYENE
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Short sisal fibre reinforced polypropylene natural fibre composites (NFC) were made and

characterized. Raw sisal fibre harvested from Tuludimtu Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Injection

moulding grade polypropylene (PP) was procured from Ethio Plastics Industry. Sisal fibres

extracted, washed with water, treated with alkaline solution, oven dried and cut into 5mm length.

Physical, chemical and thermal properties of sisal fibre were characterized. Fourier transform

infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization was done on both untreated and alkali treated sisal

fibres. Two different sheet moulds made having cavities dimensions 60 mm x 125mm x 2 mm and

60 mm x 125mm x 4.5 mm, for preparing tensile and flexural specimens respectively. Injection

moulding of test samples were made using CR Clarke 911thermoforming center. Tensile and

flexural tests of NFC were carried out using Universal testing machine. Hardness was measured

using Rockwell hardness tester. Morphological behaviour studied using Hitachi SEM 630

instrument. Both DSC and TGA results illustrate that alkali treatment, improved the thermal

stability of sisal fibre. FTIR transmittance peak intensity at 3295, 2875, 1589 and 1025 cm-1

reduced for alkali treated sisal fibre, indicating partial removal of hemicellulose fractions by alkali

treatments.
On periodic solutions and their modulations for the Manakov system
Creators: name: Kamchatnov, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Periodic solutions of the Manakov system are studied with the aim to establish links between recent results of Wright (Physica D 2013 {\bf 264} 1) and Kamchatnov (EPL 2013 \textbf{103} 60003), where the one-phase solutions have been obtained by different methods and with different parameterizations. Two types of waves, which in the context of dynamics of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates can be called {\it density} and {\it polarization} waves, are determined as particular solutions of the Manakov system. Whitham equations describing modulations of these two types of waves are obtained.
description: 19 pages
Quantifying resolving power in astronomical spectra
Creators: name: Robertson, J. Gordon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectral resolving power R = lambda / delta lambda is a key property of any spectrograph, but its definition is vague because the `smallest resolvable wavelength difference' delta lambda does not have a consistent definition. Often the FWHM is used, but this is not consistent when comparing the resolution of instruments with different forms of spectral line spread function. Here two methods for calculating resolving power on a consistent scale are given. The first is based on the principle that two spectral lines are just resolved when the mutual disturbance in fitting the fluxes of the lines reaches a threshold (here equal to that of sinc^2 profiles at the Rayleigh criterion). The second criterion assumes that two spectrographs have equal resolving powers if the wavelength error in fitting a narrow spectral line is the same in each case (given equal signal flux and noise power). The two criteria give similar results, and give rise to scaling factors which can be applied to bring resolving power calculated using the FWHM on to a consistent scale. The differences among commonly encountered Line Spread Functions are substantial, with a Lorentzian profile (as produced by an imaging Fabry-Perot interferometer) being a factor of two worse than the boxy profile from a projected circle (as produced by integration across the spatial dimension of a multi-mode fibre) when both have the same FWHM. The projected circle has a larger FWHM in comparison with its true resolution, so using FWHM to characterise the resolution of a spectrograph which is fed by multi-mode fibres significantly underestimates its true resolving power if it has small aberrations and a well-sampled profile.
description: 11 pages, 7 Figures. Accepted for publication in PASA
Perpendicular Ion Heating by Reduced Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence
Creators: name: Xia, Qian
name: Perez, Jean C.
name: Chandran, Benjamin D. G.
name: Quataert, Eliot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent theoretical studies argue that the rate of stochastic ion heating in low-frequency Alfvén-wave turbulence is given by $Q_\perp = c_1 [(δu)^3 /ρ] \exp(-c_2/ε)$, where $δu$ is the rms turbulent velocity at the scale of the ion gyroradius $ρ$, $ε= δu/v_{\perp \rm i}$, $v_{\perp \rm i}$ is the perpendicular ion thermal speed, and $c_1$ and $c_2$ are dimensionless constants. We test this theoretical result by numerically simulating test particles interacting with strong reduced magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) turbulence. The heating rates in our simulations are well fit by this formula. The best-fit values of $c_1$ are $\sim 1$. The best-fit values of $c_2$ decrease (i.e., stochastic heating becomes more effective) as the grid size and Reynolds number of the RMHD simulations increase. As an example, in a $1024^2 \times 256$ RMHD simulation with a dissipation wavenumber of order the inverse ion gyroradius, we find $c_2 = 0.21$. We show that stochastic heating is significantly stronger in strong RMHD turbulence than in a field of randomly phased Alfvén waves with the same power spectrum, because coherent structures in strong RMHD turbulence increase orbit stochasticity in the regions where ions are heated most strongly. We find that $c_1$ increases by a factor of $\sim 3$ while $c_2$ changes very little as the ion thermal speed increases from values $\ll v_{\rm A}$ to values $\sim v_{\rm A}$, where $v_{\rm A}$ is the Alfvén speed. We discuss the importance of these results for perpendicular ion heating in the solar wind.
description: 11 pages, 8 pages, 1 table
Hunting A Wandering Supermassive Black Hole in M31 Halo -- Hermitage of Black Hole
Creators: name: Miki, Yohei
name: Mori, Masao
name: Kawaguchi, Toshihiro
name: Saito, Yuriko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the hierarchical structure formation scenario, galaxies enlarge through multiple merging events with less massive galaxies. In addition, the Magorrian relation indicates that almost all galaxies are occupied by a central supermassive black hole (SMBH) of mass $10^{-3}$ of its spheroidal component. Consequently, SMBHs are expected to wander in the halos of their host galaxies following a galaxy collision, although evidence of this activity is currently lacking. We investigate a current plausible location of an SMBH wandering in the halo of the Andromeda galaxy (M31). According to theoretical studies of $N$-body simulations, some of the many substructures in the M31 halo are remnants of a minor merger occurring about 1 Gyr ago. First, to evaluate the possible parameter space of the infalling orbit of the progenitor, we perform numerous parameter studies using a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) cluster. To reduce uncertainties in the predicted position of the expected SMBH, we then calculate the time evolution of the SMBH in the progenitor dwarf galaxy from $N$-body simulations using the plausible parameter sets. Our results show that the SMBH lies within the halo ($\sim$20--50 kpc from the M31 center), closer to the Milky Way than the M31 disk. Furthermore, the predicted current positions of the SMBH were restricted to an observational field of $0\degr.6 \times 0\degr.7$ in the northeast region of the M31 halo. We also discuss the origin of the infalling orbit of the satellite galaxy and its relationships with the recently discovered vast thin disk plane of satellite galaxies around M31.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ. Online-only materials are available at: http://www.ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp/Astro/Members/ymiki/gallery.html
Sozioökonomischer Status und Faktoren der Motivation - Eine Fragebogenstudie mit Schülerinnen und Schülern der 9. Klasse
Creators: name: Köhler, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Untersuchung möglicher Zusammenhänge zwischen so-zioökonomischem Status (SES) und Motivation, differenzierter beschrieben durch fünf Moti-vationsfaktoren. Eine Stichprobe von N = 219 Osnabrücker Schülern der 9. Klasse aus den Schulzweigen Haupt-, Realschule und Gymnasium wurde dazu fachunspezifisch mithilfe eines Fragebogens befragt. Gefunden wurde ein positiver Zusammenhang des SES mit dem Motivationsfaktor Selbstwirksamkeitsüberzeugung, der stark war und bei wiederholter Rechnung mit alternativen SES-Indikatoren stabil blieb. Weiterführende explorative Analysen ließen schwache Zusammenhänge des SES mit den Tätigkeitsanreizen (negativ) vermuten, möglicherweise auch mit den fremdkontrollierten Anreizen und mit den volitionalen Fähigkeiten, jedoch keinen Zusammenhang mit den Folgeanreizen. Näher untersucht wurde auch die relative Bedeutung der SES-Indikatoren von Mutter und Vater, wobei sich auffällige Muster zeigten. Aus der Literatur bekannte Zusammenhänge von SES und Motivationsfaktoren mit der schulischen Leistung ließen sich replizieren. Einige Zusammenhänge schienen moderiert zu werden durch das Geschlecht der Probanden. Die Ergebnisse werden unter anderem im Hinblick auf Fördermöglichkeiten für Schüler aus sozial schwächeren Familien diskutiert.
Density Independent Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics for Non-Ideal Equation of State
Creators: name: Hosono, Natsuki
name: Saitoh, Takayuki R.
name: Makino, Junichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is a useful numerical tool for the study of a variety of astrophysical and planetlogical problems. However, it turned out that the standard SPH algorithm has problems in dealing with hydrodynamical instabilities. This problem is due to the assumption that the local density distribution is differentiable. In order to solve this problem, a new SPH formulation, which does not require the differentiability of the density, have been proposed. This new SPH method improved the treatment of hydrodynamical instabilities. This method, however, is applicable only to the equation of state (EOS) of the ideal gas. In this paper, we describe how to extend the new SPH method to non-ideal EOS. We present the results of various standard numerical tests for non-ideal EOS. Our new method works well for non-ideal EOS. We conclude that our new SPH can handle hydrodynamical instabilities for an arbitrary EOS and that it is an attractive alternative to the standard SPH.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
Non-monotonic Pre-fixed Points and Learning
Creators: name: Berardi, Stefano
name: Liguoro, Ugo de'
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Theory

description: We consider the problem of finding pre-fixed points of interactive realizers over arbitrary knowledge spaces, obtaining a relative recursive procedure. Knowledge spaces and interactive realizers are an abstract setting to represent learning processes, that can interpret non-constructive proofs. Atomic pieces of information of a knowledge space are stratified into levels, and evaluated into truth values depending on knowledge states. Realizers are then used to define operators that extend a given state by adding and possibly removing atoms: in a learning process states of knowledge change nonmonotonically. Existence of a pre-fixed point of a realizer is equivalent to the termination of the learning process with some state of knowledge which is free of patent contradictions and such that there is nothing to add. In this paper we generalize our previous results in the case of level 2 knowledge spaces and deterministic operators to the case of omega-level knowledge spaces and of non-deterministic operators.
description: In Proceedings FICS 2013, arXiv:1308.5896
The Effect of the Remnant Mass in Estimating Stellar Mass of Galaxies
Creators: name: Shimizu, Ikkoh
name: Inoue, Akio K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The definition of the galactic stellar mass estimated from the spectral energy distribution is ambiguous in the literature; whether the stellar mass includes the mass of the stellar remnants, i.e. white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes, is not well described. The remnant mass fraction in the total (living+remnant) stellar mass of a simple stellar population monotonically increases with the age of the population, and the initial mass function and metallicity affect the increasing rate. Since galaxies are composed of a number of stellar populations, the remnant mass fraction may depend on the total stellar mass of galaxies in a complex way. As a result, the shape of the stellar mass function of galaxies may change, depending on the definition of the stellar mass. In order to explore this issue, we ran a cosmological hydrodynamical simulation, and then, we have found that the remnant mass fraction indeed correlates with the total stellar mass of galaxies. However, this correlation is weak and the remnant fraction can be regarded as a constant which depends only on the redshift. Therefore, the shape of the stellar mass function is almost unchanged, but it simply shifts horizontally if the remnant mass includes or not. The shift is larger at lower redshift and it reaches 0.2-dex at z=0 for a Chabrier IMF. Since this causes a systematic difference, we should take care of the definition of the `stellar' mass, when comparing one's result with others.
description: Accepted for publication in PASJ
Directed Riemannian manifolds of pointwise constant relative sectional curvature
Creators: name: Ganchev, Georgi
name: Mihova, Vesselka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53B20, 53A05

description: We study a class of Riemannian manifolds with respect to the covariant derivative of their curvature tensors. We introduce geometrically the class of directed Riemannian manifolds of pointwise constant relative sectional curvature and give a tensor characterization for such manifolds. We prove that all rotational hypersurfaces are directed and find the rotational hypersurfaces of pointwise constant relative sectional curvature. For the class of directed Riemannian manifolds of pointwise constant relative sectional curvature having a totally umbilical scalar distribution we prove a structural theorem and a theorem of Schur's type.
description: 10 pages
From Branching to Linear Time, Coalgebraically
Creators: name: Cirstea, Corina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider state-based systems modelled as coalgebras whose type incorporates branching, and show that by suitably adapting the definition of coalgebraic bisimulation, one obtains a general and uniform account of the linear-time behaviour of a state in such a coalgebra. By moving away from a boolean universe of truth values, our approach can measure the extent to which a state in a system with branching is able to exhibit a particular linear-time behaviour. This instantiates to measuring the probability of a specific behaviour occurring in a probabilistic system, or measuring the minimal cost of exhibiting a specific behaviour in the case of weighted computations.
description: In Proceedings FICS 2013, arXiv:1308.5896
Rotation number of primitive vector sequences
Creators: name: Suyama, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A99, 11A55, 57R91

description: We give a formula on the rotation number of a sequence of primitive vectors, which is a generalization of the formula on the rotation number of a unimodular sequence in \cite{Higashitani and Masuda}.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Neel to spin-Peierls transition in a quasi-1D Heisenberg model coupled to bond phonons
Creators: name: Pillay, Jason Cornelius
name: Wierschem, Keola
name: Sengupta, Pinaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The zero and finite temperature spin-Peierls transitions in a quasi-one-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg model coupled to adiabatic bond phonons is investigated using the Stochastic Series Expansion (SSE) Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) method. The quantum phase transition from a gapless Neel state to a spin-gapped Peierls state is studied in the parameter space spanned by spatial anisotropy, inter-chain coupling strength and spin-lattice coupling strength. It is found that for any finite inter-chain coupling, the transition to a dimerized Peierls ground state only occurs when the spin-lattice coupling exceeds a finite, non-zero critical value. This is in contrast to the pure 1D model (zero inter-chain coupling), where adiabatic/classical phonons lead to a dimerized ground state for any non-zero spin-phonon interaction. The phase diagram in the parameter space shows that for a strong inter-chain coupling, the relation between the inter-chain coupling and the critical value of the spin-phonon interaction is linear whereas for weak inter-chain coupling, this behavior is found to have a natural logarithm-like relation. No region was found to have a long range magnetic order and dimerization occurring simultaneously. Instead, the Neel state order vanishes simultaneously with the setting in of the spin-Peierls state. For the thermal phase transition, a continuous heat capacity with a peak at the critical temperature, $T_{c}$, shows a second order phase transition. The variation of the equilibrium bond length distortion, $δ_{eq}$, with temperature showed a power law relation which decayed to zero as the temperature was increased to $T_{c}$, indicating a continuous transition from the dimerized phase to a paramagnetic phase with uniform bond length and zero antiferromagnetic susceptibility.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, updated and extended version of arXiv:cond-mat/0307746
A Gray Code for cross-bifix-free sets
Creators: name: Bernini, Antonio
name: Bilotta, Stefano
name: Pinzani, Renzo
name: Vajnovszki, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A cross-bifix-free set of words is a set in which no prefix of any length of any word is the suffix of any other word in the set. A construction of cross-bifix-free sets has recently been proposed by Chee {\it et al.} in 2013 within a constant factor of optimality. We propose a \emph{trace partitioned} Gray code for these cross-bifix-free sets and a CAT algorithm generating it.
Global Dynamics of a Stochastic Neuronal Oscillator
Creators: name: Yamanobe, Takanobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Nonlinear oscillators have been used to model neurons that fire periodically in the absence of input. These oscillators, which are called neuronal oscillator, share some common response structures with other biological oscillations. In this study, we analyze the dependence of the global dynamics of an impulse-driven stochastic neuronal oscillator on the relaxation rate to the limit cycle, the strength of the intrinsic noise, and the impulsive input parameters. To do this, we use a Markov operator that both reflects the density evolution of the oscillator and is an extension of the phase transition curve, which describes the phase shift due to a single isolated impulse. Previously, we derived the Markov operator for the finite relaxation rate that describes the dynamics of the entire phase plane. Here, we construct a Markov operator for the infinite relaxation rate that describes the stochastic dynamics restricted to the limit cycle. In both cases, the response of the stochastic neuronal oscillator to time-varying impulses is described by a product of Markov operators. Furthermore, we calculate the number of spikes between two consecutive impulses to relate the dynamics of the oscillator to the number of spikes per unit time and the interspike interval density. Specifically, we analyze the dynamics of the number of spikes per unit time based on the properties of the Markov operators. Each Markov operator can be decomposed into stationary and transient components based on the properties of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. This allows us to evaluate the difference in the number of spikes per unit time between the stationary and transient responses of the oscillator, which we show to be based on the dependence of the oscillator on past activity. Our analysis shows how the duration of the past neuronal activity depends on the relaxation rate, the noise strength and the input parameters.
description: 45 pages, 9 figures, authors homepage http://niseiri.med.hokudai.ac.jp/yamanobe/indexeng.html
A Coinductive Approach to Proof Search
Creators: name: Santo, José Espírito
name: Matthes, Ralph
name: Pinto, Luís
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.4.1

description: We propose to study proof search from a coinductive point of view. In this paper, we consider intuitionistic logic and a focused system based on Herbelin's LJT for the implicational fragment. We introduce a variant of lambda calculus with potentially infinitely deep terms and a means of expressing alternatives for the description of the "solution spaces" (called Böhm forests), which are a representation of all (not necessarily well-founded but still locally well-formed) proofs of a given formula (more generally: of a given sequent). As main result we obtain, for each given formula, the reduction of a coinductive definition of the solution space to a effective coinductive description in a finitary term calculus with a formal greatest fixed-point operator. This reduction works in a quite direct manner for the case of Horn formulas. For the general case, the naive extension would not even be true. We need to study "co-contraction" of contexts (contraction bottom-up) for dealing with the varying contexts needed beyond the Horn fragment, and we point out the appropriate finitary calculus, where fixed-point variables are typed with sequents. Co-contraction enters the interpretation of the formal greatest fixed points - curiously in the semantic interpretation of fixed-point variables and not of the fixed-point operator.
description: In Proceedings FICS 2013, arXiv:1308.5896
Effects of interface electric field on the magnetoresistance in spin device
Creators: name: Tanamoto, T.
name: Ishikawa, M.
name: Inokuchi, T.
name: Sugiyama, H.
name: Saito, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An extension of the standard spin diffusion theory is presented by introducing a density-gradient (DG) term that is suitable for describing interface quantum tunneling phenomena. The magnetoresistance (MR) ratio is modified by the DG term through an interface electric field. We have also carried out spin injection and detection measurements using four-terminal Si devices. The local measurement shows that the MR ratio changes depending on the current direction. We show that the change of the MR ratio depending on the current direction comes from the DG term regarding the asymmetry of the two interface electronic structures.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Holographic entanglement entropy and thermodynamic instability of planar R-charged black holes
Creators: name: Wu, Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The holographic entanglement entropy of an infinite strip subsystem on the asymptotic AdS boundary is used as a probe to study the thermodynamic instabilities of planar R-charged black holes (or their dual field theories). We focus on the single-charge AdS black holes in $D=5$, which correspond to spinning D3-branes with one non-vanishing angular momentum. Our results show that the holographic entanglement entropy indeed exhibits the thermodynamic instability associated with the divergence of the specific heat. When the width of the strip is large enough, the finite part of the holographic entanglement entropy as a function of the temperature resembles the thermal entropy, as is expected. As the width becomes smaller, however, the two entropies behave differently. In particular, there exists a critical value for the width of the strip, below which the finite part of the holographic entanglement entropy as a function of the temperature develops a self-intersection. We also find similar behavior in the single-charge black holes in $D=4$ and $7$.
description: 21 pages, 15 figures; typo corrected, reference added, some descriptions clarified
Infinitary Axiomatization of the Equational Theory of Context-Free Languages
Creators: name: Grathwohl, Niels Bjørn Bugge
name: Henglein, Fritz
name: Kozen, Dexter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We give a natural complete infinitary axiomatization of the equational theory of the context-free languages, answering a question of Leiß (1992).
description: In Proceedings FICS 2013, arXiv:1308.5896
Inhomogeneous condensates in dilute nuclear matter and BCS-BEC crossovers
Creators: name: Stein, Martin
name: Sedrakian, Armen
name: Huang, Xu-Guang
name: Clark, John W.
name: Röpke, Gerd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on recent progress in understanding pairing phenomena in low-density nuclear matter at small and moderate isospin asymmetry. A rich phase diagram has been found comprising various superfluid phases that include a homogeneous and phase-separated BEC phase of deuterons at low density and a homogeneous BCS phase, an inhomogeneous LOFF phase, and a phase-separated BCS phase at higher densities. The transition from the BEC phases to the BCS phases is characterized in terms of the evolution, from strong to weak coupling, of the condensate wavefunction and the second moment of its density distribution in $r$-space. We briefly discuss approaches to higher-order clustering in low-density nuclear matter.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, proceedings of the conference "The Modern Physics of Compact Stars and Relativistic Gravity", 18-21 September 2013 Yerevan, Armenia
Hemocyte profile, phagocytosis, and antibacterial activity in response to immune challenge of the date fruit stalk borer, Oryctes elegans
Creators: name: Al Mutawa, M Y
name: Ayaad, T H
name: Shaurub, E H
Publisher: name: Invertebrate Survival Journal
Year: 2020

description: The date fruit stalk borer, Oryctes elegans Prell, is a destructive pest on date palms in Saudi Arabia. We evaluated the immune response of the third instars (last instars), by the intrahemocoelic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (a pathogen-associated molecular peptide, PAMP), which significantly increased the total hemocyte count. Phase-contrast light microscopy revealed the presence of five hemocyte types: prohemocytes, granulocytes, plasmatocytes, oenocytoids, and spherulocytes. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that, among these hemocytes, only the granulocytes and plasmatocytes phagocytosed latex beads. Injection with LPS also significantly decreased the number of oenocytoids. The antibacterial activity of plasma proteins of larvae injected with LPS, measured using the agar well diffusion method, against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria varied based on the bacterial strain, the total concentration of plasma protein, and time post-injection with LPS. The results of the current study may be useful in the biological control of O. elegans. Furthermore, new compounds with antibacterial activity that might be useful for the development of innovative drugs of natural origin can be identified in O. elegans.
description: Invertebrate Survival Journal, Vol 17 No 1 (2020)