cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An irradiated brown-dwarf companion to an accreting white dwarf
Creators: name: Santisteban, Juan V. Hernández
name: Knigge, Christian
name: Littlefair, Stuart P.
name: Breton, Rene P.
name: Dhillon, Vikram S.
name: Gänsicke, Boris T.
name: Marsh, Thomas R.
name: Pretorius, Magaretha L.
name: Southworth, John
name: Hauschildt, Peter H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Brown dwarfs and giant planets orbiting close to a host star are subjected to significant irradiation that can modify the properties of their atmospheres. In order to test the atmospheric models that are used to describe these systems, it is necessary to obtain accurate observational estimates of their physical properties (masses, radii, temperatures, albedos). Interacting compact binary systems provide a natural laboratory for studying strongly irradiated sub-stellar objects. As the mass-losing secondary in these systems makes a critical, but poorly understood transition from the stellar to the sub-stellar regime, it is also strongly irradiated by the compact accretor. In fact, the internal and external energy fluxes are both expected to be comparable in these objects, providing access to an unexplored irradiation regime. However, the atmospheric properties of such donors have so far remained largely unknown. Here, we report the direct spectroscopic detection and characterisation of an irradiated sub-stellar donor in an accreting white dwarf binary system. Our near-infrared observations allow us to determine a model-independent mass estimate for the donor of $M_2=0.055\pm0.008M_{\odot}$ and an average spectral type of ${\rm L1}\pm{\rm1}$, supporting both theoretical predictions and model-dependent observational constraints. Our time-resolved data also allow us to estimate the average irradiation-induced temperature difference between the day and night sides on the sub-stellar donor, $Δ{\rm T}\simeq57$~K, and the maximum difference between the hottest and coolest parts of its surface, of $Δ{\rm T}_{max}\simeq200$~K. The observations are well described by a simple geometric reprocessing model with a bolometric (Bond) albedo of $A_B<0.54$ at 2-$σ$ confidence level, consistent with high reprocessing efficiency, but poor lateral heat redistribution in the donor's atmosphere.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures, published in Nature 19 May
Fluctuations in a Cosmology with a Space-Like Singularity and their Gauge Theory Dual Description
Creators: name: Brandenberger, Robert H.
name: Cai, Yi-Fu
name: Das, Sumit R.
name: Ferreira, Elisa G. M.
name: Morrison, Ian A.
name: Wang, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a time-dependent deformation of anti-de-Sitter (AdS) space-time which contains a cosmological "singularity" - a space-like region of high curvature. Making use of the AdS/CFT correspondence we can map the bulk dynamics onto the boundary. The boundary theory has a time dependent coupling constant which becomes small at times when the bulk space-time is highly curved. We investigate the propagation of small fluctuations of a test scalar field from early times before the bulk singularity to late times after the singularity. Under the assumption that the AdS/CFT correspondence extends to deformed AdS space-times, we can map the bulk evolution of the scalar field onto the evolution of the boundary gauge field. The time evolution of linearized fluctuations is well defined in the boundary theory as long as the coupling remains finite, so that we can extend the boundary perturbations to late times after the singularity. Assuming that the spacetime in the future of the singularity has a weakly coupled region near the boundary, we reconstruct the bulk fluctuations after the singularity crossing making use of generic properties of boundary-to-bulk propagators. Finally, we extract the spectrum of the fluctuations at late times given some initial spectrum. We find that the spectral index is unchanged, but the amplitude increases due to the squeezing of the fluctuations during the course of the evolution. This investigation can teach us important lessons on how the spectrum of cosmological perturbations passes through a bounce which is singular from the bulk point of view but which is resolved using an ultraviolet complete theory of quantum gravity.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures, wording in the introductory section modified
title: Determinants for the size threshold of intracranial aneurysms at the time of rupture
Creators: name: Abdulazim, Amr
name: Rawal, Sapna
name: Beseoglu, Kerim
name: Hänggi, Daniel
name: Etminan, Nima
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Intracranial aneuryms
subject: Subarachnoid hemorrhage
subject: Aneurysm morphology
subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Objective: To further elucidate the most relevant determinants for the size of intracranial aneurysms (IA) at the time of rupture, we investigated the relevance of the aneurysm and parent artery morphology versus modifiable cardiovascular risk factors for the rupture size threshold of IAs. Method:[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
description: 67. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), 1. Joint Meeting mit der Koreanischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (KNS)
Superconductivity of Ta34Nb33Hf8Zr14Ti11 high entropy alloy from first principles calculations
Creators: name: Jasiewicz, K.
name: Wiendlocha, B.
name: Korbeń, P.
name: Kaprzyk, S.
name: Tobola, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method with the coherent potental approximation (KKR-CPA) is applied to study the first superconducting high entropy alloy (HEA) Ta34Nb33Hf8Zr14Ti11 (discovered in 2014 with Tc = 7.3 K), focusing on estimations of the electron-phonon coupling constant λ. Electronic part of λhas been calculated using the rigid muffin-tin approximation (RMTA), while the phonon part has been approximated using average atomic mass and experimental Debye temperature. The estimated λ= 1.16 is close to the value determined from specific heat measurements, λ= 0.98, and suggests rather strong electron-phonon coupling in this material.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Physica Status Solidi Rapid Research Letters
Biodiversity of Sargassum (Fucales, Sargassaceae) from Eastern Samar (Philippines) inferred from nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data
Creators: name: Yap-Dejeto, Leni G.
name: Fabillo, Melodina
name: Sison-Mangus, Marilou
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Sargassum is the most diverse genus in the brown algal order Fucales, which is an ecologically important primary producer in marine ecosystems. The Philippines has about 73 species of Sargassum identified based solely on morphology, representing 18% of its reported global diversity. The genus is known for its morphological plasticity which makes identification of its species challenging. Taxonomy is particularly problematic in the Philippines where molecular data for Sargassum is lacking. We collected 34 samples of Sargassum from Eastern Samar, Philippines, an area known to have significant species diversity. Using newly designed primers to amplify the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, we generated gene sequences and reconstructed the phylogeny of Sargassum to infer species diversity of the Eastern Samar samples. Based on morphological assessments of samples, we found S. corderoi, S. polycystum and five other morphotaxa. Molecular assessments, on the other hand, show the presence of only three morphotaxa. Bayesian inference, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood generated almost identical trees which showed that S. corderoi and Sargassum sp. aff. siliquosum samples are nested in a clade of S. ilicifolium. This is the first time that S. corderoi has been reported in Eastern Samar. Another species, S. polycystum, formed a clade consisting of well-supported subgroups. This study is a step towards updating the taxonomic identification of Sargassum species found in the Philippines using molecular and morphological data. The biomarker used in our study could improve the identification of Sargassum species in a species-rich subtropical-tropical geographical area such as the Philippines, in phylogenetic studies of Sargassum.
Dynamical system prediction from sparse observations using deep neural networks with Voronoi tessellation and physics constraint
Creators: name: Wang, Hanyang
name: Zhou, Hao
name: Cheng, Sibo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite the success of various methods in addressing the issue of spatial reconstruction of dynamical systems with sparse observations, spatio-temporal prediction for sparse fields remains a challenge. Existing Kriging-based frameworks for spatio-temporal sparse field prediction fail to meet the accuracy and inference time required for nonlinear dynamic prediction problems. In this paper, we introduce the Dynamical System Prediction from Sparse Observations using Voronoi Tessellation (DSOVT) framework, an innovative methodology based on Voronoi tessellation which combines convolutional encoder-decoder (CED) and long short-term memory (LSTM) and utilizing Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (ConvLSTM). By integrating Voronoi tessellations with spatio-temporal deep learning models, DSOVT is adept at predicting dynamical systems with unstructured, sparse, and time-varying observations. CED-LSTM maps Voronoi tessellations into a low-dimensional representation for time series prediction, while ConvLSTM directly uses these tessellations in an end-to-end predictive model. Furthermore, we incorporate physics constraints during the training process for dynamical systems with explicit formulas. Compared to purely data-driven models, our physics-based approach enables the model to learn physical laws within explicitly formulated dynamics, thereby enhancing the robustness and accuracy of rolling forecasts. Numerical experiments on real sea surface data and shallow water systems clearly demonstrate our framework's accuracy and computational efficiency with sparse and time-varying observations.
Umfrage zur Situation von Professor*innen an einer technischen Hochschule in Deutschland. Fragebogen (deutsche Version)
Creators: name: Geisler, Helena
name: Löther, Andrea
name: Steinweg, Nina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Fragebogen
Questionnaire
Befragung
Survey
Arbeits- und Organisationsklima
Climate survey
Arbeitsatmosphäre
Working atmosphere
Arbeitssituation
Work situation
Diskriminierung
Discrimination
Geschlechterungleichheiten
Gender inequality
Gleichstellung
Gender Equality
Hochschule
Higher Education

description: Der vorliegende Fragebogen wurde vom CEWS (Kompetenzzentrum Frauen in Wissenschaft und Forschung des GESIS – Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften) für die Online-Befragung im Rahmen der Studie zur Erhebung der aktuellen Situation von Professorinnen am Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) entwickelt. Schwerpunkt der Online-Befragung aller Professor*innen des KIT war die Erhebung der erlebten Arbeitssituation und Arbeitsatmosphäre. Dazu wurden zum einen die Rahmenbedingungen der Professur, insbesondere die Ressourcenausstattung, Berufungs-/ Bleibeverhandlungen und Zeitaufteilung erhoben. Zum anderen wurde nach der Zufriedenheit mit der Arbeitssituation, Stress- und Energiequellen und der erlebten Arbeitsatmosphäre gefragt, insbesondere nach erfahrener Anerkennung, Bevorzugung und Benachteiligung. Die einzelnen Fragen des Fragebogens werden in diesem Dokument um die Hinweise zur Programmierung und Codierung sowie um Verweise auf ähnliche Fragen aus anderen Befragungen im Bereich Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsforschung ergänzt.
description: Fragebogen Arbeitssituation Arbeitsatmosphäre Professor*innen
Hydrodynamic study of edge spin-vortex excitations of fractional quantum Hall fluid
Creators: name: Rabiu, M.
name: Mensah, S. Y.
name: Seini, I. Y.
name: Abukari, S. S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We undertake a theoretical study of edge spin-vortex excitations in fractional quantum Hall fluid. This is done in view of quantised Euler hydrodynamics theory. The dispersions of true excitations for fractions within $0\leq ν\leq 1$ are simulated which exhibit universal similarities and differences in behaviour. The differences arise from different edge smoothness and spin (pseudo-spin) polarisations, in addition to spin-charge competition. In particular, tuning the spin-charge factor causes coherent spin flipping associated with partial and total polarisations of edge spin-vortices. This observation is tipped as an ideal mechanism for realisation of functional spintronic devices.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Hyparrhenia hirta Stapf 1919
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Poaceae
Hyparrhenia
Hyparrhenia hirta

description: Andropogon hirtus Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 1046. 1753. "Habitat in Lusitania, Sicilia, Smyrnae." RCN: 7556. Lectotype (Clayton in Kew Bull., Addit. Ser. 2: 75. 1969): Herb. Burser I: 119 (UPS). Current name:  Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf (Poaceae). Note: Specific epithet spelled “hirtum” in the protologue. Although Kerguélen (in Lejeunia, n.s., 75: 196. 1975) stated "Type: …LINN”, this is not accepted as a formal typification, for the reasons explained by Cafferty & al. (in Taxon 49: 240. 2000). Romero Zarco (in Lagascalia 14: 122. 1986) subsequently chose 1211.15 (LINN) as lectotype but Clayton’s choice has priority. See López González (in Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 51: 313. 1993), who discusses various aspects of the typification of this name.
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 291, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
title: Embedding environmental sustainability and sustainable development goals in mechanical engineering design projects
Creators: name: Atas, Akin
name: Heinemann, Robert
Publisher: name: University of Strathclyde
Year: 2022

description: Mechanical engineering plays a significant role in ensuring a sustainable future, because embedding environmental sustainability in the higher education curriculum is of vital importance for increasing the awareness and enhancing students’ capability to contribute towards sustainable development. This paper summarises our effort and experiences in introducing sustainability and the United Nation’s (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs) in a third-year project-based undergraduate mechanical engineering design unit at the University of Manchester. Each academic year, a new open-ended design task is being devised, with the main objective of creating novel design solutions for challenging and timely engineering problems. Throughout the semester the aspects of sustainability and SDGs are integrated into the unit through lectures and by blending relevant information into individual/group discussions. Students are required to demonstrate their awareness and understanding of the environmental impact of their designs and the sustainability of the resources at all stages of the design process. Sustainability-related technical design specifications are included in the design brief, which allows for the students’ designs to be assessed according to their environmental credentials. Integrating sustainability and SDGs in the unit has not only increased students’ awareness of the close relationship between design and environment, but also improved their engagement with the unit and interaction within each design group.
title: Outcome of posterior lumbar fusion surgery for spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis in the octogenarian population
Creators: name: Anton, Jürgen-Volker
name: Tomasi, Santino Ottavio
name: Krombholz, Martin
name: Winkler, Peter A.
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Objective: The present study analyses the results after de-novo lumbar fusion surgery for patients in their ninth decade of life Method: Between January 2010 and September 2013 de novo posterior lumbar fusion was performed in 46 patients (27 women, 19 men, median age 82, range 80-86 years). The department[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
description: 67. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), 1. Joint Meeting mit der Koreanischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (KNS)
Predicting traffic noise using land-use regression—a scalable approach
Creators: name: Staab, Jeroen
name: Schady, Arthur
name: Weigand, Matthias
name: Lakes, Tobia
name: Taubenböck, Hannes
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Environmental monitoring
subject: Exposure modeling
subject: Geospatial analyses
subject: 004 Informatik
subject: 550 Geowissenschaften

description: Background In modern societies, noise is ubiquitous. It is an annoyance and can have a negative impact on human health as well as on the environment. Despite increasing evidence of its negative impacts, spatial knowledge about noise distribution remains limited. Up to now, noise mapping is frequently inhibited by the necessary resources and therefore limited to selected areas. Objective Based on the assumption, that prevalent noise is determined by the arrangement of sources and the surrounding environment in which the sound propagates, we build a geostatistical model representing these parameters. Aiming for a large-scale noise mapping approach, we utilize publicly available data, context-aware feature engineering and a linear land-use regression (LUR) model. Methods Compliant to the European Noise Directive 2002/49/EG, we work at a high spatial granularity of 10 × 10-m resolution. As reference, we use the day–evening–night noise level indicator Lden. Therewith, we carry out 2000 virtual field campaigns simulating different sampling schemes and introduce spatial cross-validation concepts to test the transferability to new areas. Results The experimental results suggest the necessity for more than 500 samples stratified over the different noise levels to produce a representative model. Eventually, using 21 selected variables, our model was able to explain large proportions of the yearly averaged road noise (Lden) variability (R2 = 0.702) with a mean absolute error of 4.24 dB(A), 3.84 dB(A) for build-up areas, respectively. In applying this best performing model for an area-wide prediction, we spatially close the blank spots in existing noise maps with continuous noise levels for the entire range from 24 to 106 dB(A). Significance This data is new, particular for small communities that have not been mapped sufficiently in Europe so far. In conjunction, our findings also supplement conventionally sampled studies using physical microphones and spatially blocked cross-validations.
title: Postsurgical molecular tumor analysis and liquid biopsy: A CNS-lymphoma pilot study analyzing cell-free tumor DNA
Creators: name: Hickmann, Anne-Katrin
name: Döcker, Dennis
name: Illerhaus, Gerald
name: Bittl, Markus
name: Ganslandt, Oliver
name: Biskup, Saskia
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: CNS-Lymhoma
subject: cell free DNA
subject: Liquid Biopsy
subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Objective: Usually, the diagnosis of metastasis and primary brain tumors has to be confirmed pathologically after invasive tissue biopsy. In central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas, stereotactic biopsy is mostly performed for diagnostic reasons. With the advent of novel technologies, less invasive diagnostic[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
description: 67. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), 1. Joint Meeting mit der Koreanischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (KNS)
title: Fallvorstellung: Von der einfachen Iritis zur Systemerkrankung
Creators: name: Posselt, Jana
name: Grisanti, S.
name: Neppert, B.
name: Rudolf, M.
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Wir berichten von einer 38-jährigen Patientin, die mit dekompensiertem Augeninnendruck bei Uveitis anterior zur stationären Drucksenkung zu uns überwiesen wurde. Nach Einleitung der Lokaltherapie konnten intraokularer Reiz und Augendruck schnell stabilisiert werden. Die Uveitisdiagnostik[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 66. Tagung der Vereinigung Norddeutscher Augenärzte
Gradient-Free Method for Heavily Constrained Nonconvex Optimization
Creators: name: Shi, Wanli
name: Gao, Hongchang
name: Gu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Zeroth-order (ZO) method has been shown to be a powerful method for solving the optimization problem where explicit expression of the gradients is difficult or infeasible to obtain. Recently, due to the practical value of the constrained problems, a lot of ZO Frank-Wolfe or projected ZO methods have been proposed. However, in many applications, we may have a very large number of nonconvex white/black-box constraints, which makes the existing zeroth-order methods extremely inefficient (or even not working) since they need to inquire function value of all the constraints and project the solution to the complicated feasible set. In this paper, to solve the nonconvex problem with a large number of white/black-box constraints, we proposed a doubly stochastic zeroth-order gradient method (DSZOG) with momentum method and adaptive step size. Theoretically, we prove DSZOG can converge to the $ε$-stationary point of the constrained problem. Experimental results in two applications demonstrate the superiority of our method in terms of training time and accuracy compared with other ZO methods for the constrained problem.
description: 21 page, 12 figures, conference
Ramais HUAP - Produto - Gerência de Enfermagem II
Creators: name: Silva, Maria Luisa Coutinho Gonçalves da
name: Cândido, Louise Paulo de Souza
name: Cavalcanti, Ana Luiza
name: Moraes, Érica Brandão de
name: Valente, Geilsa Soraia Cavalcanti
name: Bertasso, Lívia
name: Santos, Letícia
name: Rosa, Lina
name: Stefany
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Registro de materiais
Zenodo
Ramais
Produto
Gerência de Enfermagem

description: Produto referente ao ensino teórico-prático da disciplina Gerência de Enfermagem II da Escola de Enfermagem Aurora de Afonso Costa da Universidade Federal Fluminense.
title: Intuition and certitude: abstract painting considered as a language
Creators: name: Hemingway, Bernard Anthony
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: Using stmcturalist and post-structuralist theory this thesis responds affirmatively to the question of whether or not abstract painting is a language. It is divided into two sections. Chapters 1 and 2 provide a theoretical model of abstract painting analogous to verbal language as a doubly-articulated discursive system dependent on a material structure and a metalinguistic level of interpretation, described as a process of "downward causation". The subject of meaning in abstract painting is divided into two broad "fields" - the field of sense, occupied by stimuli and signals, and the field of meaning, occupied by signs and symbols. In order to sustain this theory of meaning an open model of language is developed by drawing freely on the semiological theories of Saussure, Peirce, Hjelmslev, Benveniste, Barthes, and Eco and the philosophical writings of Merleau-Ponty, Gadamer and Derrida. Chapters 3 to 6 are a study of the work of Piet Mondrian, Theo Van Doesburg, Georges Vantongerloo, Max Bill, Richard Lohse, and Victor Vasarely by the light of this theoretical model. It is shown how Mondrian's abstract work established certain signifying elements and their principles of combination and how the artists who followed on after him can be read as both refinements of that initial method of painting and as thematised responses to extra-pictorial concerns.
Measurements of water surface snow lines in classical protoplanetary disks
Creators: name: Blevins, Sandra M.
name: Pontoppidan, Klaus M.
name: Banzatti, Andrea
name: Zhang, Ke
name: Najita, Joan R.
name: Carr, John S.
name: Salyk, Colette
name: Blake, Geoffrey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present deep Herschel-PACS spectroscopy of far-infrared water lines from a sample of four protoplanetary disks around solar-mass stars, selected to have strong water emission at mid-infrared wavelengths. By combining the new Herschel spectra with archival Spitzer-IRS spectroscopy, we retrieve a parameterized radial surface water vapor distribution from 0.1-100 AU using two-dimensional dust and line radiative transfer modeling. The surface water distribution is modeled with a step model comprising of a constant inner and outer relative water abundance and a critical radius at which the surface water abundance is allowed to change. We find that the four disks have critical radii of $\sim 3-11$ AU, at which the surface water abundance decreases by at least 5 orders of magnitude. The measured values for the critical radius are consistently smaller than the location of the surface snow line, as predicted by the observed spectral energy distribution. This suggests that the sharp drop-off of the surface water abundance is not solely due to the local gas-solid balance, but may also be driven by the de-activation of gas-phase chemical pathways to water below 300 K. Assuming a canonical gas-to-dust ratio of 100, as well as coupled gas and dust temperatures $T_{\rm gas}=T_{\rm dust}$, the best-fit inner water abundances become implausibly high (0.01-1.0 ${\rm H_{2}}^{-1}$). Conversely, a model in which the gas and dust temperatures are decoupled leads to canonical inner disk water abundances of $\sim 10^{-4} \rm H_{2}^{-1}$, while retaining gas-to-dust ratios of 100. That is, the evidence for gas-dust decoupling in disk surfaces is stronger than for enhanced gas-to-dust ratios.
Estimating production cost for large-scale seaweed farms
Creators: name: Kite-Powell, Hauke L.
name: Ask, Erick
name: Augyte, Simona
name: Bailey, David
name: Decker, Julie
name: Goudey, Clifford A.
name: Grebe, Gretchen
name: Li, Yaoguang
name: Lindell, Scott
name: Manganelli, Domenic
name: Marty-Rivera, Michael
name: Ng, Crystal
name: Roberson, Loretta
name: Stekoll, Michael
name: Umanzor, Schery
name: Yarish, Charles
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Seaweed farming has the potential to produce feedstocks for many applications, including food, feeds, fertilizers, biostimulants, and biofuels. Seaweeds have advantages over land-based biomass in that they require no freshwater inputs and no allocation of arable land. To date, seaweed farming has not been practiced at scales relevant to meaningful biofuel production. Here we describe a techno-economic model of large-scale seaweed farms and its application to the cultivation of the cool temperate species Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp) and the tropical seaweed Eucheumatopsis isiformis. At farm scales of 1000 ha or more, our model suggests that farm gate production costs in waters up to 200 km from the onshore support base are likely to range between $200 and $300 per dry tonne. The model also suggests that production costs below $100 per dry tonne may be achievable in some settings, which would make these seaweeds economically competitive with land-based biofuel feedstocks. While encouraging, these model results and some assumptions on which they are based require further field validation.
Applications and extensions of flow equations to closed and open quantum systems
Creators: name: Schmiedinghoff, Gary
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Condensed matter theory
subject: Condensed matter physics
subject: Theoretical physics
subject: CUT
subject: Flow equation
subject: Renormalization
subject: Spin model
subject: Heisenberg model
subject: 530
subject: Kondensierte Materie
subject: Theoretische Physik
subject: Unitäre Transformation
subject: Fluss
subject: Renormierung
subject: Spinmodell
subject: Heisenberg-Modell

description: Flow equations, also known as continuous unitary transformations, provide a powerful renormalization tool to transform a Hamiltonian and observables to an effective basis, where they take a more amenable form. However, unitary transformations often fail for non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, which appear, for instance, in dissipative systems. Furthermore, flow equation approaches often struggle in the vicinity of critical points. This thesis aims to cover three separate problems regarding flow equations: Spin ladders are crucial models for the description of strongly correlated quantum systems. An advanced method of probing such systems in various excitation channels is resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, but the theoretical prediction of the corresponding spectral densities is intricate. In this thesis, we compute the spectral densities of a spin-1/2 Heisenberg ladder with the flow equation method and predict novel three-triplon bound states. We demonstrate that these bound states only arise in the presence of irreducible three-triplon interactions by exploiting the strengths of our method. Flow equations often fail in the vicinity of a critical point due to the divergent correlation length. The method could be improved by performing it in momentum space, where strongly delocalized physics can be described more easily. To this end, we investigate the transverse-field Ising model and show that the flows of various coefficients have a common convergence behavior, which offers a prospect for considerable improvements in future works. Additionally, we propose and test truncation schemes in momentum space, which could prove useful to describe low-energy physics. Another current problem is the description of open quantum systems, i.e. quantum systems which are affected by dissipation because they couple to an external bath. Dissipative flow equations provide a framework to treat the non-Hermitian Hamiltonians and Lindbladians appearing in such systems. We propose a novel generator scheme based on the particle-conserving generator and benchmark the convergence speed and accuracy in spite of truncation compared to previously considered generators. We demonstrate that our proposed generator scheme provides high convergence speed and excellent accuracy. Furthermore, we encapsulate all currently known dissipative generator schemes in a universal framework, which can be used to propose various novel generator schemes favoring either convergence speed or accuracy.
Digitaria insularis Fedde
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Poaceae
Digitaria
Digitaria insularis

description: Andropogon insularis Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 10, 2: 1304. 1759. ["Habitat in Jamaica."] Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 1481 (1763). RCN: 7557. Lectotype (Hitchcock in Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 12: 126. 1908): Browne, Herb. Linn. No. 1211.20 (LINN). Current name:  Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde (Poaceae). Note: Specific epithet spelled “insulare” in the protologue. Baum (in Canad. J. Bot. 45: 1850. 1967) argued that Hitchcock’s typification was incorrect, proposing instead that Sloane’s cited t. 14, f. 2 (1707) should be the type (with the consequence that A. insularis would fall into the synonymy of A. nutans L. 1753). However, the material designated as type was evidently original material for A. insularis, and Hitchcock’s choice has priority and is to be adopted, as concluded by later authors such as Veldkamp (in Taxon 33: 95-97. 1984).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 291, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Seaweed resources of Argentina (S W Atlantic): production, bio-ecological, applied research and challenges for sustainable development
Creators: name: Raffo, María Paula
name: Dellatorre, Fernando
name: Ciancia, Marina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Argentina comprises more than 5000 km of coastline with a considerable diversity of seaweeds, some of which have the potential to be transformed into fishery resources. However, when compared with other marine resources, the exploitation of the seaweed species in terms of the harvesting methods, their sustainability and available information on biological and ecological features, as well as their potential applications, is scarce or outdated. In this context, this review includes an integrated analysis of production statistics of selected seaweeds in Argentina. In addition, an extensive revision of taxonomic, bio-ecological, environmental and applied issues involving Argentinean seaweed resources is provided. Furthermore, we include novel information about the changes in resource availability which occurred during the last 20 years and their consequent impacts on the seaweed industry. The Argentinean seaweed industry developed raw materials biomass production in the 1960s and extraction of phycocolloids in the 1970s which dropped to very low levels to the present. Information here presented contributes directly to the UN SDG Goal 14: Life below water, providing a theoretical framework to understand how and which of the global change drivers affect sustainability of marine resources. Additionally, a detailed review is presented on phycocolloids from Argentinean seaweed resources. Actions are proposed that would contribute to the enhanced sustainable development in Argentina. The review suggests that reactivation of an Argentinean seaweed industry requires an update of legal frameworks, regarding exploitation of Argentinean seaweeds together with the necessary developments of science and industry.
The reproducible radio outbursts of SS Cygni
Creators: name: Russell, T. D.
name: Miller-Jones, J. C. A.
name: Sivakoff, G. R.
name: Altamirano, D.
name: O'Brien, T. J.
name: Page, K. L.
name: Templeton, M. R.
name: Koerding, E. G.
name: Knigge, C.
name: Rupen, M. P.
name: Fender, R. P.
name: Heinz, S.
name: Maitra, D.
name: Markoff, S.
name: Migliari, S.
name: Remillard, R. A.
name: Russell, D. M.
name: Sarazin, C. L.
name: Waagen, E. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of our intensive radio observing campaign of the dwarf nova SS Cyg during its 2010 April outburst. We argue that the observed radio emission was produced by synchrotron emission from a transient radio jet. Comparing the radio light curves from previous and subsequent outbursts of this system (including high-resolution observations from outbursts in 2011 and 2012) shows that the typical long and short outbursts of this system exhibit reproducible radio outbursts that do not vary significantly between outbursts, which is consistent with the similarity of the observed optical, ultraviolet and X-ray light curves. Contemporaneous optical and X-ray observations show that the radio emission appears to have been triggered at the same time as the initial X-ray flare, which occurs as disk material first reaches the boundary layer. This raises the possibility that the boundary region may be involved in jet production in accreting white dwarf systems. Our high spatial resolution monitoring shows that the compact jet remained active throughout the outburst with no radio quenching.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Functional analysis of Plasmodium falciparum proteins located at the parasitised red blood cell membrane
Creators: name: Glenister., Fiona Kim
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
A Qualitative Exploration of Communication Impairment following Stroke
Creators: name: Cochrane, Sophie
name: Murray, Craig
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2022

description: Section one presents a systematic literature review exploring the barriers and facilitators to accessing rehabilitation interventions for stroke survivors with communication impairments. Four databases were systematically searched, and 16 papers were reviewed using a meta-ethnographic approach. Findings highlight the importance of collaborative multi-disciplinary team (MDT) working across disciplines within services where training for all professionals is prioritised and expertise are shared. Stroke survivors with communication impairments are at risk of being excluded from or feeling unable to engage with rehabilitation interventions without this approach to care. In particular, the psychosocial wellbeing of these patients was often not prioritised or identified as a concern within rehabilitation. Clinical implications are discussed. Section two details an empirical exploration of the lived experiences of stroke survivors who have dysarthria in relation to their personal and social identity. Seven participants engaged in remote semi-structured interviews and data was analysed utilising interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Four themes were identified: (1) a sense of distance and disconnection from other people; (2) navigating the reactions of others; (3) changes in self-perception; and (4) adjusting and coming to terms with dysarthria. Findings indicate that dysarthric stroke survivors can experience several challenges which impact upon how they feel about themselves. However, for many of the participants, they experienced a shift in their level of acceptance of their altered speech over time, finding ways to come to terms with it. Clinical implications are discussed, particularly relating to the role of clinical psychology within stroke rehabilitation. Section three includes a critical appraisal, which highlights some of the practical, methodological, and ethical issues encountered during the development of the empirical paper. The paper also provides some reflections and insights into the process of undertaking an IPA investigation within this field, particularly with individuals who have communication impairments following stroke.
Superfluid Brillouin Optomechanics
Creators: name: Kashkanova, A. D.
name: Shkarin, A. B.
name: Brown, C. D.
name: Flowers-Jacobs, N. E.
name: Childress, L.
name: Hoch, S. W.
name: Hohmann, L.
name: Ott, K.
name: Reichel, J.
name: Harris, J. G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optomechanical systems couple an electromagnetic cavity to a mechanical resonator which is typically formed from a solid object. The range of phenomena accessible to these systems depends on the properties of the mechanical resonator and on the manner in which it couples to the cavity fields. In both respects, a mechanical resonator formed from superfluid liquid helium offers several appealing features: low electromagnetic absorption, high thermal conductivity, vanishing viscosity, well-understood mechanical loss, and in situ alignment with cryogenic cavities. In addition, it offers degrees of freedom that differ qualitatively from those of a solid. Here, we describe an optomechanical system consisting of a miniature optical cavity filled with superfluid helium. The cavity mirrors define optical and mechanical modes with near-perfect overlap, resulting in an optomechanical coupling rate ~3 kHz. This coupling is used to drive the superfluid; it is also used to observe the superfluid's thermal motion, resolving a mean phonon number as low as 11.
description: 41 pages, 7 figures (including supplementary information). The following article has been submitted to Nature Physics
Moldable Exceptions
Creators: name: Chiş, Andrei
name: Gîrba, Tudor
name: Nierstrasz, Oscar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Debugging is hard. Interactive debuggers are mostly the same. They show you a stack, a way to sample the state of the stack, and, if the debugger is live, a way to step through execution. The standard interactive debugger for a general-purpose programming language provided by a mainstream IDE mostly offers a low-level interface in terms of generic language constructs to track down and fix bugs. A custom debugger, such as those developed for specific application domains, offers alternative interfaces more suitable to the specific execution context of the program being debugged. Custom debuggers offering contextual debugging views and actions can greatly improve our ability to reason about the current problem. Implementing such custom debuggers, however, is non-trivial, and poses a barrier to improving the debugging experience. In this paper we introduce "moldable exceptions", a lightweight mechanism to adapt a debugger's interface based on contextual information provided by a raised exception. We present, through a series of examples, how moldable exceptions can enhance a live programming environment.
Grave Dispositions: Implementing Alternative Methods of Burial in the United States of America
Creators: name: Saldinger, Zoë
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023

description: This undergraduate thesis will explore how the adoption of alternative methods of disposition such as alkaline hydrolysis and natural organic reduction interact with the Green Burial Movement, United States’ policy, and contemporary death culture. Currently, there is scant literature that explores the aforementioned relationships, and what analysis does exist is often solely in the realm of theory. Analyzing public and industry perceptions of alternative methods of death care will inform an understanding of the factors impeding the implementation of these methods. Through interviews conducted with professionals in the industry and members of green death organizations, this thesis will examine how ideological tensions, public misconceptions, and policy creation interact to either support, or prevent, successful adoption of alternative methods of disposition.
Ab initio computational study on the lattice thermal conductivity of Zintl clathrates [Si$_{19}$P$_{4}$]Cl$_{4}$ and Na$_{4}$[Al$_{4}$Si$_{19}$]
Creators: name: Härkönen, Ville J.
name: Karttunen, Antti J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lattice thermal conductivity of silicon clathrate framework Si$_{23}$ and two Zintl clathrates, [Si$_{19}$P$_{4}$]Cl$_{4}$ and Na$_{4}$[Al$_{4}$Si$_{19}$], is investigated by using an iterative solution of the linearized Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) in conjuntion with ab initio lattice dynamical techniques. At 300 K, the lattice thermal conductivities for Si$_{23}$, [Si$_{19}$P$_{4}$]Cl$_{4}$, and Na$_{4}$[Al$_{4}$Si$_{19}$] were found to be 43 W/(m K), 25 W/(m K), and 2 W/(m K), respectively. In the case of Na$_{4}$[Al$_{4}$Si$_{19}$], the order-of-magnitude reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity was found to be mostly due to relaxation times and group velocities differing from Si$_{23}$ and [Si$_{19}$P$_{4}$]Cl$_{4}$. The difference in the relaxation times and group velocities arises primarily due to the phonon spectrum at low frequencies, resulting eventually from the differences in the second-order interatomic force constants (IFCs). The obtained third-order IFCs were rather similar for all materials considered here.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
A diverse group of underappreciated zygnematophytes deserves in-depth exploration
Creators: name: Busch, Anna
name: Hess, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: The conjugating green algae (Zygnematophyceae) are the closest relatives of land plants and hence are of great evolutionary interest. Besides the popular placoderm desmids and the filamentous species, there is an underappreciated diversity of unicellular zygnematophytes with a much “simpler” morphology and smooth cell walls – traditionally referred to as “saccoderm desmids”. These saccoderm desmids have a broad geographic distribution and are ecologically diverse. Many species inhabit terrestrial habitats such as dead wood, rock surfaces and glacial ice. Furthermore, several of the saccoderm genera have turned out to be highly polyphyletic and are typically poorly captured by environmental sequencing approaches. One of these genera is Mesotaenium Nägeli, with ~70 described species and infraspecific taxa united only by a relatively simple (plate- or ribbon-like) chloroplast structure. Here, we shed some light on these inconspicuous yet important members of the algal flora and present an updated rbcL gene phylogeny of the conjugating green algae, including several new lineages of Mesotaenium-like zygnematophytes. We depict the subtle morphological differences among these lineages and discuss our updated phylogeny in the light of ecology and cell biology. In addition, we review published knowledge on photoprotective strategies of zygnematophytes, the latest insights into their evolutionary innovations, and address some technical challenges in exploring this elusive group of microalgae. Some new observations of saccoderm desmids in undersampled habitats and of their microbial associates (e.g., parasites) point to interesting avenues for future research.