cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
ERANNs: Efficient Residual Audio Neural Networks for Audio Pattern Recognition
Creators: name: Verbitskiy, Sergey
name: Berikov, Vladimir
name: Vyshegorodtsev, Viacheslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Audio pattern recognition (APR) is an important research topic and can be applied to several fields related to our lives. Therefore, accurate and efficient APR systems need to be developed as they are useful in real applications. In this paper, we propose a new convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture and a method for improving the inference speed of CNN-based systems for APR tasks. Moreover, using the proposed method, we can improve the performance of our systems, as confirmed in experiments conducted on four audio datasets. In addition, we investigate the impact of data augmentation techniques and transfer learning on the performance of our systems. Our best system achieves a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.450 on the AudioSet dataset. Although this value is less than that of the state-of-the-art system, the proposed system is 7.1x faster and 9.7x smaller. On the ESC-50, UrbanSound8K, and RAVDESS datasets, we obtain state-of-the-art results with accuracies of 0.961, 0.908, and 0.748, respectively. Our system for the ESC-50 dataset is 1.7x faster and 2.3x smaller than the previous best system. For the RAVDESS dataset, our system is 3.3x smaller than the previous best system. We name our systems "Efficient Residual Audio Neural Networks".
description: This paper has been submitted to Pattern Recognition Letters
Optical lineshapes for orbital singlet to doublet transitions in a dynamical Jahn-Teller system: the NiV$^{-}$ center in diamond
Creators: name: Silkinis, Rokas
name: Žalandauskas, Vytautas
name: Thiering, Gergő
name: Gali, Adam
name: Van de Walle, Chris G.
name: Alkauskas, Audrius
name: Razinkovas, Lukas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply density functional theory to investigate interactions between electronic and vibrational states in crystal defects with multi-mode dynamical Jahn-Teller (JT) systems. Our focus is on transitions between orbital singlet and degenerate orbital doublet characterized by $E \otimes (e \oplus e \oplus \cdots)$ JT coupling, which frequently occurs in crystal defects that are investigated for applications in quantum information science. We utilize a recently developed methodology to model the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the negatively charged split nickel-vacancy center (NiV$^{-}$) in diamond, where JT-active modes significantly influence electron-phonon interactions. Our results validate the effectiveness of the methodology in accurately reproducing the observed 1.4 eV PL lineshape. The strong agreement between our theoretical predictions and experimental observations reinforces the identification of the 1.4 eV PL center with the NiV$^{-}$ complex. This study highlights the critical role of JT-active modes in affecting optical lineshapes and demonstrates the power of advanced techniques for modeling optical properties in complex systems with multiple JT-active frequencies.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
The RSD Sorting Hat: Unmixing Radial Scales in Projection
Creators: name: Taylor, Peter L.
name: Markovič, Katarina
name: Pourtsidou, Alkistis
name: Huff, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Future data sets will enable cross-correlations between redshift space distortions (RSD) and weak lensing (WL). While photometric lensing and clustering cross-correlations have provided some of the tightest cosmological constraints to date, it is not well understood how to optimally perform similar RSD/WL joint analyses in a lossless way. RSD is typically measured in $3D$ redshift space, but WL is inherently a projected signal, making angular statistics a natural choice for the combined analysis. Thus, we determine the amount of RSD information that can be extracted using projected statistics. Specifically we perform a Fisher analysis to forecast constraints and model bias comparing two different Fingers-of-God (FoG) models using both, the $3D$ power spectrum, $P(k, μ)$, and tomographic $C(\ell)$. We find that because naïve tomographic projection mixes large scales with poorly modelled nonlinear radial modes, it does not provide competitive constraints to the $3D$ RSD power spectrum without the model bias becoming unacceptably large. This is true even in the limit of narrow tomographic bins. In light of this we propose a new radial weighting scheme which unmixes radial RSD scales in projection yielding competitive constraints to the $3D$ RSD power spectrum, while keeping the model bias small. This work lays the groundwork for optimal joint analyses of RSD and cosmic shear.
description: 17 pages. 11 Figures. PRD submitted
Quantum Gaussian process regression
Creators: name: Chen, Menghan
name: Guo, Gongde
name: Lin, Song
name: Li, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, a quantum algorithm based on gaussian process regression model is proposed. The proposed quantum algorithm consists of three sub-algorithms. One is the first quantum subalgorithm to efficiently generate mean predictor. The improved HHL algorithm is proposed to obtain the sign of outcomes. Therefore, the terrible situation that results is ambiguous in terms of original HHL algorithm is avoided, which makes whole algorithm more clear and exact. The other is to product covariance predictor with same method. Thirdly, the squared exponential covariance matrices are prepared that annihilation operator and generation operator are simulated by the unitary linear decomposition Hamiltonian simulation and kernel function vectors is generated with blocking coding techniques on covariance matrices. In addition, it is shown that the proposed quantum gaussian process regression algorithm can achieve quadratic faster over the classical counterpart.
Leveraging Large Language Models for Patient Engagement: The Power of Conversational AI in Digital Health
Creators: name: Wen, Bo
name: Norel, Raquel
name: Liu, Julia
name: Stappenbeck, Thaddeus
name: Zulkernine, Farhana
name: Chen, Huamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have opened up new opportunities for transforming patient engagement in healthcare through conversational AI. This paper presents an overview of the current landscape of LLMs in healthcare, specifically focusing on their applications in analyzing and generating conversations for improved patient engagement. We showcase the power of LLMs in handling unstructured conversational data through four case studies: (1) analyzing mental health discussions on Reddit, (2) developing a personalized chatbot for cognitive engagement in seniors, (3) summarizing medical conversation datasets, and (4) designing an AI-powered patient engagement system. These case studies demonstrate how LLMs can effectively extract insights and summarizations from unstructured dialogues and engage patients in guided, goal-oriented conversations. Leveraging LLMs for conversational analysis and generation opens new doors for many patient-centered outcomes research opportunities. However, integrating LLMs into healthcare raises important ethical considerations regarding data privacy, bias, transparency, and regulatory compliance. We discuss best practices and guidelines for the responsible development and deployment of LLMs in healthcare settings. Realizing the full potential of LLMs in digital health will require close collaboration between the AI and healthcare professionals communities to address technical challenges and ensure these powerful tools' safety, efficacy, and equity.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, ICDH 2024 invited paper
InterCellar: an R/Shiny app enabling interactive analysis of cell-cell interactions from single-cell RNA sequencing data
Creators: name: Interlandi, Marta
name: Dugas, Martin
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2020

description: One important application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is the analysis of cellular interactions. Cell-to-cell communication, mediated by secreted ligands that bind to membrane receptors, is implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological functions. In the last few years, extensive efforts have been made to create comprehensive databases of ligand-receptor interactions, coupled with statistical frameworks able to predict the intercellular communication across multiple cell types. However, to this date only few tools offer functionalities to conduct a downstream analysis of the predicted interactions. Moreover, the complexity of the results obtained, worsened by the high number of possible combinations between cell types present in the data, makes the interpretation lengthy and often biased by previous knowledge of the analyst. Here we present InterCellar, an R/Shiny app that enables the interactive exploration of ligand-receptor interactions in scRNA-seq data. InterCellar is compatible with a multitude of published tools, as well as custom cell-cell interaction results. With no programming skills required, researchers are able to perform a downstream analysis which is data-driven and reproducible. In addition, ligand-receptor pairs are enriched on a functional level, by integrating Gene Ontology and pathway annotations. A variety of filtering, annotation and visualization options are available, allowing an explorative analysis from different perspectives (e.g. protein pairs, cell types, annotated functions). Finally, we show that previous as well as novel results can be obtained with InterCellar in the analysis of a published dataset of metastatic melanoma (Tirosh et al.).
Fundamental Sensitivity Bounds for Quantum Enhanced Optical Resonance Sensors Based on Transmission and Phase Estimation
Creators: name: Dowran, Mohammadjavad
name: Woodworth, Timothy S.
name: Kumar, Ashok
name: Marino, Alberto M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum states of light can enable sensing configurations with sensitivities beyond the shot-noise limit (SNL). In order to better take advantage of available quantum resources and obtain the maximum possible sensitivity, it is necessary to determine fundamental sensitivity limits for different possible configurations for a given sensing system. Here, due to their wide applicability, we focus on optical resonance sensors, which detect a change in a parameter of interest through a resonance shift. We compare their fundamental sensitivity limits set by the quantum Cramér-Rao bound (QCRB) based on the estimation of changes in transmission or phase of a probing bright two-mode squeezed state (bTMSS) of light. We show that the fundamental sensitivity results from an interplay between the QCRB and the transfer function of the system. As a result, for a resonance sensor with a Lorentzian lineshape a phase-based scheme outperforms a transmission-based one for most of the parameter space; however, this is not the case for lineshapes with steeper slopes, such as higher order Butterworth lineshapes. Furthermore, such an interplay results in conditions under which the phase-based scheme provides a higher sensitivity than the transmission-based one but a smaller degree of quantum enhancement. We also study the effect of losses external to the sensor on the degree of quantum enhancement and show that for certain conditions probing with a classical state can provide a higher sensitivity than probing with a bTMSS. Finally, we discuss detection schemes, namely optimized intensity-difference and optimized homodyne detection, that can achieve the fundamental sensitivity limits even in the presence of external losses.
Cross-scale energy transfer from fluid-scale Alfvén waves to kinetic-scale ion acoustic waves in the Earth's magnetopause boundary layer
Creators: name: An, Xin
name: Artemyev, Anton
name: Angelopoulos, Vassilis
name: Liu, Terry Z.
name: Vasko, Ivan
name: Malaspina, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In space plasmas, large-amplitude Alfvén waves can drive compressive perturbations, accelerate ion beams, and lead to plasma heating and the excitation of ion acoustic waves at kinetic scales. This energy channelling from fluid to kinetic scales represents a complementary path to the classical turbulent cascade. Here, we present observational and computational evidence to validate this hypothesis by simultaneously resolving the fluid-scale Alfvén waves, kinetic-scale ion acoustic waves, and their imprints on ion velocity distributions in the Earth's magnetopause boundary layer. We show that two coexisting compressive modes, driven by the magnetic pressure gradients of Alfvén waves, not only accelerate the ion tail population to the Alfvén velocity, but also heat the ion core population near the ion acoustic velocity and generate Debye-scale ion acoustic waves. Thus, Alfvén-acoustic energy channeling emerges as a viable mechanism for plasma heating near plasma boundaries where large-amplitude Alfvén waves are present.
Quasi-uniaxial pressure induced superconductivity in stoichiometric compound UTe$_2$
Creators: name: Yang, Chongli
name: Guo, Jing
name: Zhou, Yazhou
name: Cai, Shu
name: Sidorov, Vladimir A.
name: Huang, Cheng
name: Long, Sijin
name: Shi, Youguo
name: Chen, Qiuyun
name: Tan, Shiyong
name: Gong, Yu
name: Li, Yanchun
name: Li, Xiaodong
name: Wu, Qi
name: Coleman, Piers
name: Xiang, Tao
name: Sun, Liling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of superconductivity in heavy Fermion compound UTe2, a candidate topological and triplet-paired superconductor, has aroused widespread interest. However, to date, there is no consensus on whether the stoichiometric sample of UTe2 is superconducting or not due to lack of reliable evidence to distinguish the difference between the nominal and real compositions of samples. Here, we are the first to clarify that the stoichiometric UT2 is non-superconducting at ambient pressure and under hydrostatic pressure up to 6 GPa, however we find that it can be compressed into superconductivity by application of quasi-uniaxial pressure. Measurements of resistivity, magnetoresistance and susceptibility reveal that the quasi-uniaxial pressure results in a suppression of the Kondo coherent state seen at ambient pressure, and then leads to a superconductivity initially emerged on the ab-plane at 1.5 GPa. At 4.8 GPa, the superconductivity is developed in three crystallographic directions. The superconducting state coexists with an exotic magnetic ordered state that develops just below the onset temperature of the superconducting transition. The discovery of the quasi-uniaxial-pressure-induced superconductivity with exotic magnetic state in the stoichiometric UTe2 not only provide new understandings on this compound, but also highlight the vital role of Te deficiency in developing the superconductivity at ambient pressures.
description: 28 pages, 8 figures
Single photon imaging and sensing of obscured objects around the corner
Creators: name: Zhu, Shenyu
name: Sua, Yong Meng
name: Rehain, Patrick
name: Huang, Yu-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) optical imaging and sensing of objects imply new capabilities valuable to autonomous technology, machine vision, and other applications. Existing NLOS imaging methods rely heavily on the prowess of computational algorithms to reconstruct the images from weak triply scattered signals. Here, we introduce a new approach to NLOS imaging and sensing using the picosecond gated single photon detection generated by quantum frequency conversion. With exceptional signal isolation, this approach can reliably sense obscured objects around the corner and substantially simplify the data processing needed for position retrieval and surface profiling. For each pixel, only $4 \times 10^{-3}$ photons are needed to be detected per pulse to position and profile occluded objects with high resolution. Furthermore, the vibration frequencies of different objects can be resolved by analyzing the photon number fluctuation received within in a ten-picosecond window, allowing NLOS acoustic sensing. Our results highlight the prospect of photon efficient NLOS imaging and sensing for real-world applications.
FKN Formula and Ground State Energy for the Spin Boson Model with External Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Hasler, David
name: Hinrichs, Benjamin
name: Siebert, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the spin boson model with external magnetic field. We prove a path integral formula for the heat kernel, known as Feynman-Kac-Nelson (FKN) formula. We use this path integral representation to express the ground state energy as a stochastic integral. Based on this connection, we determine the expansion coefficients of the ground state energy with respect to the magnetic field strength and express them in terms of correlation functions of a continuous Ising model. From a recently proven correlation inequality, we can then deduce that the second order derivative is finite. As an application, we show existence of ground states in infrared-singular situations.
description: 29 pages, 1 figure, revised version with extended proofs, accepted for publication in Ann. Henri Poincar\'e
New Observations of the IR Emission Corona from the July 2, 2019 Eclipse Flight of the Airborne Infrared Spectrometer
Creators: name: Samra, Jenna E.
name: Madsen, Chad A.
name: Cheimets, Peter
name: DeLuca, Edward E.
name: Golub, Leon
name: Marquez, Vanessa
name: Reyes, Naylynn Tañón
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Airborne Infrared Spectrometer (AIR-Spec) was commissioned during the 2017 total solar eclipse, when it observed five infrared coronal emission lines from a Gulfstream V (GV) research jet owned by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and operated by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). The second AIR-Spec research flight took place during the July 2, 2019 total solar eclipse across the South Pacific. The 2019 eclipse flight resulted in seven minutes of observations, during which the instrument measured all four of its target emission lines: S XI 1.393 $μ$m, Si X 1.431 $μ$m, S XI 1.921 $μ$m, and Fe IX 2.853 $μ$m. The 1.393 $μ$m line was detected for the first time, and probable first detections were made of Si XI 1.934 $μ$m and Fe X 1.947 $μ$m. The 2017 AIR-Spec detection of Fe IX was confirmed and the first observations were made of the Fe IX line intensity as a function of solar radius. Telluric absorption features were used to calibrate the wavelength mapping, instrumental broadening, and throughput of the instrument. AIR-Spec underwent significant upgrades in preparation for the 2019 eclipse observation. The thermal background was reduced by a factor of 30, providing a 5.5x improvement in signal-to-noise ratio, and the post-processed pointing stability was improved by a factor of five to $<$10 arcsec rms. In addition, two imaging artifacts were identified and resolved, improving the spectral resolution and making the 2019 data easier to interpret.
description: 19 pages, 16 figures, 5 tables
Ecological Studies in the Bays and Other Waterways Near Little Egg Inlet and in the Ocean in the Vicinity of the Proposed Site For the Atlantic Generating Station, New Jersey
Creators: name: Montgomery, James D.
name: Newcomb, Mark R.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1975

description: This investigation describes the flora and vegetation in the right-of-way of Great Boulevard, Tuckerton, N.J.
A deep learning method for solving high-order nonlinear soliton equation
Creators: name: Cui, Shikun
name: Wang, Zhen
name: Han, Jiaqi
name: Cui, Xinyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose effective scheme of deep learning method for high-order nonlinear soliton equation and compare the activation function for high-order soliton equation. The neural network approximates the solution of the equation under the conditions of differential operator, initial condition and boundary condition. We apply this method to high-order nonlinear soliton equation, and verify its efficiency by solving the fourth-order Boussinesq equation and the fifth-order Korteweg de Vries equation. The results show that deep learning method can solve the high-order nonlinear soliton equation and reveal the interaction between solitons.
Supplementary datasets for: Prodigious polyphyly in Pleuroceridae (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea)
Creators: name: Whelan, Nathan
name: Johnson, Paul
name: Garner, Jeffrey
name: Garrison, Nicole
name: Strong, Ellen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: anchored hybrid enrichment (AHE)
probe set
Freshwater
biodiverstiy
snails

description: Phylogenomic studies with hundreds or thousands of loci are rare for most invertebrate groups, including freshwater gastropods. This can prevent understanding of phylogeny, which hinders many areas of research. Pleuroceridae is a family of freshwater snails that is highly imperiled and plays an essential role in the ecology of many freshwater systems of the eastern United States. However, the evolutionary history of the family is not understood, and the systematics of the family has not been revised in a modern framework. Pleurocerids display a variety of egg-deposition behaviors and shell shapes, making the family an ideal system for studying evolution of invertebrate life history and morphology. However, past mitochondrial-based phylogenetic analyses have failed to produce meaningful phylogenetic hypotheses, preventing conclusions about pleurocerid systematics and evolution. Here, we generated a novel anchored hybrid enrichment probe set with phylogenetic utility for Pleuroceridae. We sampled pleurocerids from across their range to test the probe set and generated a backbone phylogeny. Our analyses uncovered striking levels of polyphyly among currently accepted genera. Numerous species were also polyphyletic, indicative of unrecognized diversity. Phylogenetic patterns also revealed considerable convergence of shell morphologies. In contrast, anatomical and life history features appeared to be much less homoplastic. Despite generic paraphyly, high support for most major clades and phylogenetic cohesiveness of non-shell characters indicate utility of the AHE probe set for studying pleurocerid evolution.
description: Funding provided by: Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100011887
Award Number: Funding provided by: Alabama Supercomputer Authority*
Crossref Funder Registry ID:
Award Number: Funding provided by: Global Genome Initiative*
Crossref Funder Registry ID:
Award Number: GGI-Expl Sci-2016-073
description: Please see Whelan et al. (2022) doi: 10.18061/bssb.v1i2.8419 for details
Gradient solitons on doubly warped product manifolds
Creators: name: Blaga, Adara M.
name: Taştan, Hakan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Firstly we provide new characterizations for doubly warped product manifolds. Then we consider several types of gradient solitons on them such as Riemann, Ricci, Yamabe and conformal and examine the effect of a gradient soliton on a doubly warped product to its factor manifolds. Finally we investigate the concircularly flat and conharmonically flat cases of doubly warped products.
description: 14 pages
Damping of the Franz-Keldysh oscillations in the presence of disorder
Creators: name: Putnam,, R. E.
name: Raikh, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Franz-Keldysh oscillations of the optical absorption in the presence of short-range disorder are studied theoretically. The magnitude of the effect depends on the relation between the mean-free path in a zero field and the distance between the turning points in electric field. Damping of the Franz-Keldysh oscillations by the disorder develops at high absorption frequency. Effect of damping is amplified by the fact that, that electron and hole are most sensitive to the disorder near the turning points. This is because, near the turning points, velocities of electron and hole turn to zero.
description: 7 pages 4 figures
A Hybrid Nodal-Staggered Pseudo-Spectral Electromagnetic Particle-In-Cell Method with Finite-Order Centering
Creators: name: Zoni, Edoardo
name: Lehe, Remi
name: Shapoval, Olga
name: Belkin, Daniel
name: Zaïm, Neil
name: Fedeli, Luca
name: Vincenti, Henri
name: Vay, Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) codes are widely used to perform computer simulations of a variety of physical systems, including fusion plasmas, astrophysical plasmas, plasma wakefield particle accelerators, and secondary photon sources driven by ultra-intense lasers. In a PIC code, Maxwell's equations are solved on a grid with a numerical method of choice. This article focuses on pseudo-spectral analytical time-domain (PSATD) algorithms and presents a novel hybrid PSATD PIC scheme that combines the respective advantages of standard nodal and staggered methods. The novelty of the hybrid scheme consists in using finite-order centering of grid quantities between nodal and staggered grids, in order to combine the solution of Maxwell's equations on a staggered grid with the deposition of charges and currents and the gathering of electromagnetic forces on a nodal grid. The correctness and performance of the novel hybrid scheme are assessed by means of numerical tests that employ different classes of PSATD equations in a variety of physical scenarios, ranging from the modeling of electron-positron pair creation in vacuum to the simulation of laser-driven and particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. It is shown that the novel hybrid scheme offers significant numerical and computational advantages, compared to purely nodal or staggered methods, for all the test cases presented.
description: 39 pages, 15 figures, submitted to Computer Physics Communications
CM-trivial structures without the canonical base property
Creators: name: Blossier, Thomas
name: Jimenez, Léo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Based on Hrushovski, Palac{í}n and Pillay's example [6], we produce a new structure without the canonical base property, which is interpretable in Baudisch's group. Said structure is, in particular, CM-trivial, and thus at the lowest possible level of the ample hierarchy.
ResViT: Residual vision transformers for multi-modal medical image synthesis
Creators: name: Dalmaz, Onat
name: Yurt, Mahmut
name: Çukur, Tolga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generative adversarial models with convolutional neural network (CNN) backbones have recently been established as state-of-the-art in numerous medical image synthesis tasks. However, CNNs are designed to perform local processing with compact filters, and this inductive bias compromises learning of contextual features. Here, we propose a novel generative adversarial approach for medical image synthesis, ResViT, that leverages the contextual sensitivity of vision transformers along with the precision of convolution operators and realism of adversarial learning.} ResViT's generator employs a central bottleneck comprising novel aggregated residual transformer (ART) blocks that synergistically combine residual convolutional and transformer modules. Residual connections in ART blocks promote diversity in captured representations, while a channel compression module distills task-relevant information. A weight sharing strategy is introduced among ART blocks to mitigate computational burden. A unified implementation is introduced to avoid the need to rebuild separate synthesis models for varying source-target modality configurations. Comprehensive demonstrations are performed for synthesizing missing sequences in multi-contrast MRI, and CT images from MRI. Our results indicate superiority of ResViT against competing CNN- and transformer-based methods in terms of qualitative observations and quantitative metrics.
The Hartebeesthoek Terrestrial Laser Scanning Project – Concept and First Results
Creators: name: Pfaffinger, Th
name: Nothnagel, Axel
name: Botha, Roelf
name: Mey, Philip
name: Stronkhorst, Pieter
name: Quick, Jonathan
name: Holst, Christoph
name: Nickola, Marisa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: In May 2024, gravitational deformation measurements were performed at the 26 m and 15 m radio telescopes ofthe South African Radio Astronomy Observatory at Hartebeesthoek (HARTRAO and HART15M) in cooperationof SARAO, TU München and TU Wien. The method of choice was to use a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS)mounted underneath the sub-reflector with a two-axis gimbal hinge to keep the scanner in a vertical position atall telescope tilts. For a full gravitational VLBI delay model, the 26 m HARTRAO telescope with polar mountwas pointed at about 80 different Hour Angle/Declination positions for the TLS to perform its scans of the mainreflector and the sub-reflector. Here, we present the necessary steps of preparation, the measurements themselves,and first results.
An Ultrasonically Actuated Needle Promotes the Transport of Nanoparticles and Fluids
Creators: name: Perra, Emanuele
name: Hayward, Nick
name: Pritzker, Kenneth P. H.
name: Nieminen, Heikki J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-invasive therapeutic ultrasound methods, such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), have limited access to tissue targets shadowed by bones or presence of gas. This study demonstrates that an ultrasonically actuated medical needle can be used to translate nanoparticles and fluids under the action of nonlinear phenomena, potentially overcoming some limitations of HIFU. A simulation study was first conducted to study the delivery of a tracer with an ultrasonically actuated needle (33 kHz) inside a porous medium acting as a model for soft tissue. The model was then validated experimentally in different concentrations of agarose gel showing a close match with the experimental results, when diluted soot nanoparticles (diameter < 150 nm) were employed as delivered entity. An additional simulation study demonstrated a threefold increase of the volume covered by the delivered agent in liver under a constant injection rate, when compared to without ultrasound. This method, if developed to its full potential, could serve as a cost effective way to improve safety and efficacy of drug therapies by maximizing the concentration of delivered entities within e.g. a small lesion, while minimizing exposure outside the lesion.
description: 34 pages, 4 figures, under review in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Correlations of r-Process Elements in Very Metal-Poor Stars as Clues to their Nucleosynthesis Sites
Creators: name: Farouqi, Khalil
name: Thielemann, Friedrich-Karl
name: Rosswog, Stephan
name: Kratz, Karl-Ludwig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Various nucleosynthesis studies have pointed out that the r-process elements in very metal-poor (VMP) halo stars might have different origins. By means of familiar concepts from statistics (correlations, cluster analysis, rank tests of elemental abundances), we look for causally correlated elemental abundance patterns and attempt to link them to astrophysical events. Some of these events produce the r-process elements jointly with iron, while others do not have any significant iron contribution. In the early stage of our Galaxy, at least three r-process nucleosynthesis sites have been active. The first two produce and eject iron and the majority of the lighter r-process elements. We assign them to two different types of core-collapse events, not identical to regular core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), which produce only light trans-Fe elements. The third category is characterized by a strong r-process and responsible for the major fraction of the heavy main r-process elements without a significant co-production of Fe. It does not appear to be connected to CCSNe, in fact the Fe found in the related r-process enriched stars must come from previously occurring CCSNe. The existence of actinide boost stars indicates a further division among strong r-process sites. We assign these two strong r-process sites to neutron star mergers without fast black hole formation and to events where the ejecta are dominated by black hole accretion disk outflows. Indications from the lowest-metallicity stars hint at a connection to massive single stars (collapsars) forming black holes in the early Galaxy.
description: 40 pages, 25 figures, 10 tables
Phase diagram of non-Hermitian BCS superfluids in a dissipative asymmetric Hubbard model
Creators: name: Takemori, Soma
name: Yamamoto, Kazuki
name: Koga, Akihisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the non-Hermitian (NH) attractive Fermi-Hubbard model with asymmetric hopping and complex-valued interactions, which can be realized by collective one-body loss and two-body loss. By means of the NH BCS theory, we find that the weak asymmetry of the hopping does not affect the BCS superfluidity since it only affects the imaginary part of the eigenvalues of the BdG Hamiltonian. Systematic analysis in the d-dimensional hypercubic lattices clarifies that the singularity in the density of states affects the phase boundary between the normal and dissipation-induced superfluid states. Our results can be tested in ultracold atoms by using the photoassociation techniques and a nonlocal Rabi coupling with local losses and postselecting null measurement outcomes with the use of the quantum-gas microscope.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Modeling of axion and electromagnetic fields coupling in a particle-in-cell code
Creators: name: An, Xiangyan
name: Chen, Min
name: Liu, Jianglai
name: Sheng, Zhengming
name: Zhang, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Axions have aroused widespread research interest because they can solve the strong CP problem and serve as a possible candidate for dark matter. Currently, people have explored a lot of axion detection experiments, including passively detecting the existing axions in the universe, and actively generating axions in the laboratory. Recently, axion-coupled laser-plasma interactions have been discussed as a novel method to detect axions. Petawatt (PW) lasers are considered as a powerful tool to study not only the vacuum polarization but also the axion coupling, due to their extreme fields. However, particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation is still missed in current studies, which limits the understanding of axion-coupled laser-plasma interactions. In this paper, we proposed the method to include the axion field and the coupling with electromagnetic (EM) fields in PIC codes. The axion wave equation and modified Maxwell's equations are numerically solved, while the EM field modulation from axions is considered as a first-order perturbation. Meanwhile, different axion field boundary conditions are considered to satisfy different simulation scenarios. The processes of conversions between axions and photons, and weak laser pulse propagation with axion effects are checked as benchmarks of the code. Such an extended PIC code may help researchers develop novel axion detection schemes based on laser-plasma interactions and provide a better understanding of axion-coupled astrophysical processes.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
THE NEWEST METHODS USED IN TEACHING BIOLOGY AT SCHOOL
Creators: name: TOJIBOYEVA SEVARAXON XAYRULLAYEVNA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biology, Theory And Practice, Method Of Teaching Education, Teaching Tecnology.

description: Annotation

In this article, studies and researches are conducted about the newest methods used in teaching biology at school.  The article analyzes data on the most intensive methods of teaching biology.
The Influence of Frequency Containment Reserve Flexibilization on the Economics of Electric Vehicle Fleet Operation
Creators: name: Figgener, Jan
name: Tepe, Benedikt
name: Rücker, Fabian
name: Schoeneberger, Ilka
name: Hecht, Christopher
name: Jossen, Andreas
name: Sauer, Dirk Uwe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In recent years, the market for frequency containment reserve (FCR) has become a relevant source of revenue for stationary battery storage systems in Germany. During this period, prices for FCR have decreased, while the market has become increasingly flexible with shorter service periods and lower minimum power requirements. This flexibility makes the market attractive for pools of electric vehicles (EVs). Their idle times are now often longer than FCR service periods, providing the opportunity to earn additional revenue. In this paper, multi-year measurement data from 22 commercial EVs are used to develop a simulation model for FCR commercialization. In addition, the driving logbooks of more than 460 vehicles from different commercial fleets are analyzed. Based on our simulations, the impact of FCR flexibilization on the economics of an EV pool is analyzed using the German FCR market design from 2011 to 2020. It is shown that depending on the fleet, especially the recent change in service periods from one week to four hours generates the largest increase in available pool power. Further reductions in FCR service periods will like produce minor benefits, as idle times are often longer than service periods. Overall, the increase in flexibility greatly offsets the decreasing FCR prices and leads to higher revenues for most fleets analyzed. According to our model, revenues of about 250 EUR/a to 400 EUR/a could have been achieved per EV in the German FCR market in 2020.
description: Preprint, 24 pages, 21 figures, 11 tables
Multi-target quantum compilation algorithm
Creators: name: Hai, Vu Tuan
name: Viet, Nguyen Tan
name: Urbaneja, Jesus
name: Linh, Nguyen Vu
name: Tran, Lan Nguyen
name: Ho, Le Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum compilation is the process of converting a target unitary operation into a trainable unitary represented by a quantum circuit. It has a wide range of applications, including gate optimization, quantum-assisted compiling, quantum state preparation, and quantum dynamic simulation. Traditional quantum compilation usually optimizes circuits for a single target. However, many quantum systems require simultaneous optimization of multiple targets, such as thermal state preparation, time-dependent dynamic simulation, and others. To address this, we develop a multi-target quantum compilation algorithm to improve the performance and flexibility of simulating multiple quantum systems. Our benchmarks and case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, highlighting the importance of multi-target optimization in advancing quantum computing. This work lays the groundwork for further development and evaluation of multi-target quantum compilation algorithms.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Electrostatic gyrokinetic simulations in Wendelstein 7-X geometry: benchmark between the codes stella and GENE
Creators: name: González-Jerez, A.
name: Xanthopoulos, P.
name: García-Regaña, J. M.
name: Calvo, I.
name: Alcusón, J.
name: Bañón-Navarro, A.
name: Barnes, M.
name: Parra, F. I.
name: Geiger, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first experimental campaigns have proven that, due to the optimization of the magnetic configuration with respect to neoclassical transport, the contribution of turbulence is essential to understand and predict the total particle and energy transport in Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X). This has spurred much work on gyrokinetic modelling for the interpretation of the available experimental results and for the preparation of the next campaigns. At the same time, new stellarator gyrokinetic codes have just been or are being developed. It is therefore desirable to have a sufficiently complete, documented and verified set of gyrokinetic simulations in W7-X geometry against which new codes or upgrades of existing codes can be tested and benchmarked. This paper attemps to provide such a set of simulations in the form of a comprehensive benchmark between the recently developed code stella and the well-established code GENE. The benchmark consists of electrostatic gyrokinetic simulations in W7-X magnetic geometry and includes different flux tubes, linear ion-temperature-gradient (ITG) and trapped-electron-mode (TEM)} stability analyses, computation of linear zonal flow responses and calculation of ITG-driven heat fluxes.
Emergence of Gaussianity in the thermodynamic limit of interacting fermions
Creators: name: Matos, Gabriel
name: Hallam, Andrew
name: Deger, Aydin
name: Papić, Zlatko
name: Pachos, Jiannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Systems of interacting fermions can give rise to ground states whose correlations become effectively free-fermion-like in the thermodynamic limit, as shown by Baxter for a class of integrable models that include the one-dimensional XYZ spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ chain. Here, we quantitatively analyse this behaviour by establishing the relation between system size and correlation length required for the fermionic Gaussianity to emerge. Importantly, we demonstrate that this behaviour can be observed through the applicability of Wick's theorem and thus it is experimentally accessible. To establish the relevance of our results to possible experimental realisations of XYZ-related models, we demonstrate that the emergent Gaussianity is insensitive to weak variations in the range of interactions, coupling inhomogeneities and local random potentials.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Observational prospects of self-interacting scalar superradiance with next-generation gravitational-wave detectors
Creators: name: Collaviti, Spencer
name: Sun, Ling
name: Galanis, Marios
name: Baryakhtar, Masha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current- and next-generation gravitational-wave observatories may reveal new, ultralight bosons. Through the superradiance process, these theoretical particle candidates can form clouds around astrophysical black holes and result in detectable gravitational-wave radiation. In the absence of detections, constraints$-$contingent on astrophysical assumptions$-$have been derived using LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA data on boson masses. However, the searches for ultralight scalars to date have not adequately considered self-interactions between particles. Self-interactions that significantly alter superradiance dynamics are generically present for many scalar models, including axion-like dark matter candidates and string axions. We implement the most complete treatment of particle self-interactions available to determine the gravitational-wave signatures expected from superradiant scalar clouds and revisit the constraints obtained in a past gravitational-wave search targeting the black hole in Cygnus X-1. We also project the reach of next-generation gravitational-wave observatories to scalar particle parameter space in the mass-coupling plane. We find that while proposed observatories have insufficient reach to self-interactions that can halt black hole spin-down, next-generation observatories are essential for expanding the search beyond gravitational parameter space and can reach a mass and interaction scale of $\sim 10^{-13}-10^{-12}$ eV/c$^2$ and $\gtrsim 10^{17}$ GeV, respectively.
Transformer Wave Function for Quantum Long-Range models
Creators: name: Roca-Jerat, Sebastián
name: Gallego, Manuel
name: Luis, Fernando
name: Carrete, Jesús
name: Zueco, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ a neural-network architecture based on the Vision Transformer (ViT) architecture to find the ground states of quantum long-range models, specifically the transverse-field Ising model for spin-1/2 chains across different interaction regimes. Harnessing the transformer's capacity to capture long-range correlations, we compute the full phase diagram and critical properties of the model, in both the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic cases. Our findings show that the ViT maintains high accuracy across the full phase diagram. We compare these results with previous numerical studies in the literature and, in particular, show that the ViT has a superior performance than a restricted-Boltzmann-machine-like ansatz.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
Annex C Information Sheet 1.06 Soil Treatment
Creators: name: European Food Safety Authority Plant Health Panel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Pest control
subject: Pest management
subject: Quarantine
subject: Effectiveness
subject: http://id.agrisemantics.org/gacs/C587

description: Annex C Information sheet 1.06

Soil treatment

This information sheet is part of Annex C (Standardised checklist of risk reduction options) supporting document to the draft Guidance of the EFSA Plant Health Panel on quantitative pest risk assessment under public consultation (http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/consultations/call/180212-0)

The control of soil organisms by chemical and physical methods listed below:

a) Fumigation; b) Heating; c) Solarisation; d) Flooding; e) Soil suppression; f) Augmentative Biological control; g) Biofumigation
description: contact email: ALPHA@efsa.europa.eu