cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Universal steering inequalities
Creators: name: Zhu, Huangjun
name: Hayashi, Masahito
name: Chen, Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a general framework for constructing universal steering criteria that are applicable to arbitrary bipartite states and measurement settings of the steering party. The same framework is also useful for studying the joint measurement problem. Based on the data-processing inequality for an extended Rényi relative entropy, we then introduce a family of universal steering inequalities, which detect steering much more efficiently than those inequalities known before. As illustrations, we show unbounded violation of a steering inequality for assemblages constructed from mutually unbiased bases and establish an interesting connection between maximally steerable assemblages and complete sets of mutually unbiased bases. We also provide a single steering inequality that can detect all bipartite pure states of full Schmidt rank. In the course of study, we generalize a number of results intimately connected to data-processing inequalities, which are of independent interest.
description: 5+6 pages, two figures, comments and suggestions are very welcome!
The Minnesota Poll # 84-01
Creators: name: Minneapolis Tribune
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Quality of education in Minnesota (28); suggestions to improve the quality of American education (10); job satisfaction (32); Minnesota/national economy (8); Governor Rudy Perpich ratings (6); Presidential election (5); Walter Mondale ratings (20); Election for U.S. Senator (3); sports in Minnesota (9).
The New York City Trans-Fat Ban: Agenda-Setting, Policy Diffusion, and Public Health
Creators: name: Wedd, Joel, MD.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: New York City has often prided itself on being at the forefront of public health policy and reform. This is certainly the case in its recent action to ban trans fats in food sold in the food service industry. The purpose of this master's paper is to analyze the politics of the enactment of the trans-fat ban. I hypothesize that symbolic politics trumped scientific evidence in the course of legitimating a ban the measurable public health outcomes of which would not be straightforward to measure. I used a triangulation of methods, including review of primary documents, media coverage, and in-depth telephone and e-mail interviews with key stakeholders and observers to elucidate the critical shaping factors influencing the ban's passage. I found that significant political factors came into play in the passage of the ban, although the scientific evidence also weighed heavily. For example, the direction of the Office of the Mayor and the Health Commissioner, as well as the overall political environment of New York City itself, made such a ban much easier to pass than would have been true in many other environments, even with a stronger evidence base. Schattschneider's classic observation that only losers broaden the scope of conflict is illustrated by food service interests' argument that they did not have an adequate opportunity to raise objections to the ban. Stakeholders acknowledged that measuring health outcomes post-ban would likely be impossible, but nonetheless felt that the ban would be in the best interests of New Yorkers' health. My secondary hypothesis, that New York City would be interested in influencing the national agenda, was partially supported: stakeholders felt that trans-fat bans were probably on the national horizon in any case, and were not averse to taking credit for what was going to happen anyway, but also seemed sincerely interested in improving the general health of New Yorkers.
Ultra-Highly Linear Magnetic Flux-to-Voltage response in Proximity-based Mesoscopic bi-SQUIDs
Creators: name: De Simoni, Giorgio
name: Cassola, Lorenzo
name: Ligato, Nadia
name: Tettamanzi, Giuseppe C.
name: Giazotto, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconducting double-loop interferometers (bi-SQUIDs) have been introduced to produce magnetic flux sensors specifically designed to exhibit ultra-highly linear voltage response as a function of the magnetic flux. These devices are very important for the quantum sensing and for signal processing of signals oscillating at the radio-frequencies range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Here, we report an Al double-loop bi-SQUIDs based on proximitized mesoscopic Cu Josephson junctions. Such a scheme provides an alternative fabrication approach to conventional tunnel junction-based interferometers, where the junction characteristics and, consequently, the magnetic flux-to-voltage and magnetic flux-to-critical current device response can be largely and easily tailored by the geometry of the metallic weak-links. We discuss the performance of such sensors by showing a full characterization of the device switching current and voltage drop \textit{vs.} magnetic flux for temperatures of operation ranging from 30 mK to $\sim 1$ K. The figure of merit of the transfer function and of the total harmonic distortion are also discussed. The latter provides an estimate of the linearity of the flux-to-voltage device response, which obtained values as large as 45 dB. Such a result let us foresee a performance already on pair with that achieved in conventional tunnel junction-based bi-SQUIDs arrays composed of hundreds of interferometers.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
De Alfaro, Fubini and Furlan from multi Matrix Systems
Creators: name: Masuku, Mthokozisi
name: Rodrigues, João P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the quantum mechanics of an even number of space indexed hermitian matrices. Upon complexification, we show that a closed subsector naturally parametrized by a matrix valued radial coordinate has a description in terms of non interacting $s$-state "radial fermions" with an emergent De Alfaro, Fubini and Furlan type potential, present only for two or more complex matrices. The concomitant $AdS_2$ symmetry is identified. The large $N$ description in terms of the density of radial eigenvalues is also described.
description: Citation added; 19 pages
The Minnesota Poll # 84-04
Creators: name: Minneapolis Tribune
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Presidential election (5); Ronald Reagan/Walter Mondale/Geraldine Ferraro ratings(6); election for U.S. Senator (12); Robert Mattson/Joan Growe/Rudy Boschwitz ratings (28); ratings of various Minnesota politicians (2); religion in school (3); Minnesota issues (5).
Predicting Clinical Performance in Medical School: The Contribution of Academic and Non-Academic Characteristics
Creators: name: Poe, Will
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Background: Medical school admissions committees need accurate and precise screening tools to select among well-qualified applicants. Traditional academic performance indicators, such as grade-point average (GPA) and Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) scores, correlate with standard measures of academic success in medical school, such as pre-clinical grades and scores on National Board examinations. In contrast, valid and reliable predictors of clinical performance during clerkships are lacking. Objective: To compare the power of two admissions tools – one based on previous academic achievement (MCAT scores and GPA) and another based on a content analysis of self-reported biographical information – to predict clerkship performance during the third year of medical school. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 109 students at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine (UNC-SOM) was performed to evaluate the relationship between various pre-admission tools and clinical performance as assessed by faculty preceptor ratings. The two main predictors were an aggregate academic achievement index derived from MCAT scores and GPA and a “non-academic” index derived by coding self-reported biographical information on the medical school application. Ratings on these two indices were correlated with likert-type preceptor ratings on third year clerkships. I analyzed the data using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression to determine the independent, predictive validity of traditional “academic” variables and “non-academic” variables. Results: Considered as independent predictors, BCPM and MCAT scores did not correlate with clinical performance ratings on any of the three clerkships. The non-academic achievement index predicted performance on Pediatrics (standardized β = 0.18, p=0.09) but did not predict performance in Internal Medicine or Family Medicine. In contrast, the academic achievement index predicted clinical skills ratings in Family Medicine (standardized β = 0.18, p=0.07) but not performance ratings in the other clerkships. Neither admissions tool reached statistical significance at the 0.05 level. Ceiling effects limited the size of the correlations among predictors and criterion measures. Conclusion: This study adds to the growing body of literature suggesting that traditional measures of past academic achievement have little, if any, predictive power for clerkship performance during medical school. The findings suggest that self-reported biographical data from student applications may correlate with future performance in a clinical setting. Medical schools should address the challenge of developing more accurate clinical assessment tools and work to find measures beyond academic achievement to select among future physicians.
Some solutions for one of the cosmological constant problems
Creators: name: Nojiri, Shin'ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose several covariant models which may solve one of the problems in the cosmological constant. One of the model can be regarded as an extension of sequestering model. Other models could be regarded as extensions of the covariant formulation of the unimodular gravity. The contributions to the vacuum energy from the quantum corrections from the matters are absorbed into a redefinition of a scalar field and the quantum corrections become irrelevant to the dynamics. In a class of the extended unimodular gravity models, we also consider models which are regarded as topological field theories. The models can be extended and not only the vacuum energy but any quantum corrections to the gravitational action could become irrelevant for the dynamics. We find, however, that the BRS symmetry in the topological field theories is broken spontaneously and therefore the models might not be consistent.
description: LaTeX 9 pages, references are added, the version to appear in Mod.Phys.Lett.A
Nonlinear effects in the black hole ringdown: absorption-induced mode excitation
Creators: name: Sberna, Laura
name: Bosch, Pablo
name: East, William E.
name: Green, Stephen R.
name: Lehner, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational-wave observations of black hole ringdowns are commonly used to characterize binary merger remnants and to test general relativity. These analyses assume linear black hole perturbation theory, in particular that the ringdown can be described in terms of quasinormal modes even for times approaching the merger. Here we investigate a nonlinear effect during the ringdown, namely how a mode excited at early times can excite additional modes as it is absorbed by the black hole. This is a third-order secular effect: the change in the black-hole mass causes a shift in the mode spectrum, so that the original mode is projected onto the new ones. Using nonlinear simulations, we study the ringdown of a spherically-symmetric scalar field around an asymptotically anti-de Sitter black hole, and we find that this "absorption-induced mode excitation" (AIME) is the dominant nonlinear effect. We show that this effect takes place well within the nonadiabatic regime, so we can analytically estimate it using a sudden mass-change approximation. Adapting our estimation technique to asymptotically-flat Schwarzschild black holes, we expect AIME to play a role in the analysis and interpretation of current and future gravitational wave observations.
description: 15+4 pages, 9+4 figures
Proportional electroluminescence in two-phase argon and its relevance to rare-event experiments
Creators: name: Bondar, A.
name: Buzulutskov, A.
name: Dolgov, A.
name: Nosov, V.
name: Shekhtman, L.
name: Shemyakina, E.
name: Sokolov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Proportional electroluminescence (EL) in gaseous Ar has for the first time been systematically studied in the two-phase mode, at 87 K and 1.00 atm. Liquid argon had a minor (56 ppm) admixture of nitrogen, which allowed to understand, inter alia, the effect of N2 doping on the EL mechanism in rare-event experiments using two-phase Ar detectors. The measurements were performed in a two-phase Cryogenic Avalanche Detector (CRAD) with EL gap located directly above the liquid-gas interface. The EL gap was optically read out in the Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV), near 128 nm (Ar excimer emission), and in the near Ultraviolet (UV), at 300-450 nm (N2 Second Positive System emission), via cryogenic PMTs and a Geiger-mode APD (GAPD). Proportional electroluminescence was measured to have an amplification parameter of 109+-10 photons per drifting electron per kV overall in the VUV and UV, of which 51+-6% were emitted in the UV. The measured EL threshold, at an electric field of 3.7+-0.2 kV/cm, was in accordance with that predicted by the theory. The latter result is particularly relevant to DarkSide and SCENE dark matter search-related experiments, where the operation electric field was thereby on the verge of appearance of the S2 (ionization-induced) signal. The results obtained pave the way to the development of N2-doped two-phase Ar detectors with enhanced sensitivity to the S2 signal.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Replaced to match journal version
Provinces in Command: Changes in Prefectural Appointments from Hu Jintao to Xi Jinping (2003-2020)
Creators: name: Jiang, Xinhui
name: Eaton, Sarah
name: Kostka, Genia
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: authoritarian politics
subject: Chinese politics
subject: central–local relation
subject: appointment politics
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: China’s ‘Xi-Li era’ is said to be defined by both the concentration of power in the center and the strengthening of Party authority. In this paper, we ask whether these trends have been evident in local appointment practices since Xi Jinping took office in 2013. By comparing the career histories of 3,682 prefectural mayors and Party Secretaries under the Hu-Wen and Xi-Li administrations, we find that while appointment practices have shifted, the observed changes are not wholly consistent with the center- and Party-strengthening narratives. First, developments in the Xi-Li era suggest that while provincial authorities are increasingly using prefectural appointments for their own ends, the center remains high and far away in these decisions. Second, we do not find evidence that cadres with a strong Party background have a particular advantage in the Xi period. Instead, cadres with strong track records in key functional xitong, particularly those with an economic profile, are still the most likely to attain leadership positions. These findings contribute to the current debate on the nature of power reconfigurations unfolding in Xi’s China.
Markov trajectories : Microcanonical Ensembles based on empirical observables as compared to Canonical Ensembles based on Markov generators
Creators: name: Monthus, Cecile
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ensemble of trajectories $x(0 \leq t \leq T)$ produced by the Markov generator $M$ can be considered as 'Canonical' for the following reasons : (C1) the probability of the trajectory $x(0 \leq t \leq T)$ can be rewritten as the exponential of a linear combination of its relevant empirical time-averaged observables $E_n$, where the coefficients involving the Markov generator are their fixed conjugate parameters; (C2) the large deviations properties of these empirical observables $E_n$ for large $T$ are governed by the explicit rate function $I^{[2.5]}_M (E_.) $ at Level 2.5, while in the thermodynamic limit $T=+\infty$, they concentrate on their typical values $E_n^{typ[M]}$ determined by the Markov generator $M$. This concentration property in the thermodynamic limit $T=+\infty$ suggests to introduce the notion of the 'Microcanonical Ensemble' at Level 2.5 for stochastic trajectories $x(0 \leq t \leq T)$, where all the relevant empirical variables $E_n$ are fixed to some values $E^*_n$ and cannot fluctuate anymore for finite $T$. The goal of the present paper is to discuss its main properties : (MC1) when the long trajectory $x(0 \leq t \leq T) $ belongs the Microcanonical Ensemble with the fixed empirical observables $E_n^*$, the statistics of its subtrajectory $x(0 \leq t \leq τ) $ for $1 \ll τ\ll T $ is governed by the Canonical Ensemble associated to the Markov generator $M^*$ that would make the empirical observables $E_n^*$ typical ; (MC2) in the Microcanonical Ensemble, the central role is played by the number $Ω^{[2.5]}_T(E^*_.) $ of stochastic trajectories of duration $T$ with the given empirical observables $E^*_n$, and by the corresponding explicit Boltzmann entropy $S^{[2.5]}( E^*_. ) = [\ln Ω^{[2.5]}_T(E^*_.)]/T $. This general framework is applied to continuous-time Markov Jump processes and to discrete-time Markov chains with illustrative examples.
description: v2 : final version (33 pages)
Neonatal Peyer's patch cDC activation as a pacemaker of postnatal immune maturation
Creators: name: Torow, Natalia
name: Li, Ronghui
name: Hitch, Thomas
name: Mingels, Clemens
name: Al Bounny, Shahed
name: van Best, Niels
name: Stange, Eva-Lena
name: Benabid, Adam
name: Ruettger, Lennart
name: Gadermayr, Michael
name: Runge, S.
name: Treichel, N.
name: Merhof, D.
name: Rosshart, S.
name: Jehmlich, N.
name: von Bergen, M.
name: Heymann, F.
name: Clavel, T.
name: Tacke, F.
name: Lelouard, H.
name: Costa, Ivan G.
name: Hornef, M. W.
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2022

description: Cold Spring Harbor : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 1-41 (2022). doi:10.1101/2022.03.03.482839
description: Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor
Empirical analysis of recent temporal dynamics of research fields: Annual publications in chemistry and related areas as an example
Creators: name: Bornmann, Lutz
name: Haunschild, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Changes in the number of publications in a certain field might reflect the dynamic of scientific progress in this field, since an increase in the number of publications can be interpreted as an increase in the field-specific knowledge. In this paper, we present a methodological approach to analyse the dynamics of science on lower aggregation levels, i.e., the level of research fields. Our trend analysis approach is able to uncover very recent trends, and the methods used to study the trends are simple to understand for the possible recipients of the results. In order to demonstrate the trend analysis approach, we focused in this study on the annual number of publications (and patents) in chemistry (and related areas) between 2014 and 2020 identifying those fields in chemistry with the highest dynamics (largest rates of change in publication counts). The study is based on the mono-disciplinary literature database CAplus. Our results reveal that the number of publications in the CAplus database is increasing since many years. Research regarding optical phenomena and electrochemical technologies was found to be among the emerging topics in recent years.
A National Rheumatic Fever/Rheumatic Heart Disease Prevention Plan for Nepal
Creators: name: Kennedy, Kevin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: RF/RHD is a major burden of suffering, especially for children and young adults, in Nepal as well as many other countries. A refusal to curb RF/RHD is regrettable and immoral because it is a preventable disease. The benefits of RF/RHD prevention are numerous, ranging from decreased burden of suffering to cost savings for stakeholders. In 2013, the World Health Assembly included RF/RHD as a disease to be incorporated into national non-communicable disease plans. This development offers a wonderful opportunity for RHD advocates to bring RF/RHD to the attention of policy-makers and Ministries of Health around the world. A systematic literature review identified past and extant RF/RHD prevention programs at the national level. Review of these model programs revealed that RF/RHD prevention can be approached successfully in a multitude of ways. Because of its unique situation, Nepal is likely to benefit most from a hybrid plan, one in which many strategies targeting at both primary and secondary prevention act synergistically to maximize RF/RHD prevention efforts. These disease-specific efforts will occur within the context of an expanding primary health care system in a so-called "diagonal" manner. As the RHD TIPS toolkit recommends, various prevention strategies targeting different populations and points along the disease's causal pathway are highlighted in this paper. Components of the adapted RHD TIPS conceptual framework are prioritized for intervention according to need and resource realities, and short- and long-term objectives were built around identified gaps and opportunities. In turn, the short- and long-term objectives each address various components of the adapted RHD TIPS conceptual framework. Despite immense challenges, the Nepalese RF/RHD prevention plan provides a roadmap for the reduction of the RF/RHD-attributable disease burden in the country. In addition, the program--should it prove to be successful--may both validate the RHD TIPS handbook as an effective tool to guide program design and serve as a model program for other countries wishing to institute national RF/RHD plans. The program's generalizability will be largely dependent on the quality of the program's evaluation.
Exact solutions to plaquette Ising models with free and periodic boundaries
Creators: name: Mueller, Marco
name: Janke, Wolfhard
name: Johnston, Desmond A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An anisotropic limit of the 3d plaquette Ising model, in which the plaquette couplings in one direction were set to zero, was solved for free boundary conditions by Suzuki (Phys. Rev. Lett. 28 (1972) 507), who later dubbed it the fuki-nuke, or "no-ceiling", model. Defining new spin variables as the product of nearest-neighbour spins transforms the Hamiltonian into that of a stack of (standard) 2d Ising models and reveals the planar nature of the magnetic order, which is also present in the fully isotropic 3d plaquette model. More recently, the solution of the fuki-nuke model was discussed for periodic boundary conditions, which require a different approach to defining the product spin transformation, by Castelnovo et al. (Phys. Rev. B 81 (2010) 184303). We clarify the exact relation between partition functions with free and periodic boundary conditions expressed in terms of original and product spin variables for the 2d plaquette and 3d fuki-nuke models, noting that the differences are already present in the 1d Ising model. In addition, we solve the 2d plaquette Ising model with helical boundary conditions. The various exactly solved examples illustrate how correlations can be induced in finite systems as a consequence of the choice of boundary conditions.
description: v5 - The title is changed to better reflect the contents and the exposition is streamlined. Version accepted for publication
VNS 1998 Election: Georgia Election Day Exit Poll
Creators: name: ABC News
name: Associated Press
name: CBS News
name: CNN
name: Fox News
name: NBC News
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: 1998 Gubernatorial election (2); most important issue in Gubernatorial election (1); 1998 US Senate election (1); most important issue in US Senate election (1); Clinton job performance (2); Congressional job performance (1); conservative Christian political movement (1); 1996 presidential election (1); personal financial situation (1); support/oppose Clinton (1); Clinton impeachment (3).
VNS 1998 Election: Iowa Election Day Exit Poll
Creators: name: ABC News
name: Associated Press
name: CBS News
name: CNN
name: Fox News
name: NBC News
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: 1998 Gubernatorial election (1); 1998 US Senate election (1); Clinton job performance (2); Congressional job performance (1); cutting taxes vs. education (1); conservative Christian political movement (1); 1996 presidential election (1); personal financial situation (1); support/oppose Clinton (1); Clinton impeachment (3).
Dark matter self-interactions in the matter power spectrum
Creators: name: Garani, Raghuveer
name: Redi, Michele
name: Tesi, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the imprints of secluded dark sectors with a mass gap and self-interactions on the matter power spectrum. When Dark Matter (DM) is sufficiently light, in the ballpark of a few KeV, and self-interacting we find qualitative difference with respect to $Λ$CDM and also to free streaming DM. In order to emphasize the role of interactions for the evolution of the primordial perturbations we discuss various regimes: ranging from the ideal case of a tightly coupled perfect fluid to the free case of Warm Dark Matter, including the realistic case of small but non-vanishing self-interactions. We compute the matter power spectrum in all these regimes with the aid of Boltzmann solvers. Light dark sectors with self-interactions are efficiently constrained by Lyman-$α$ data and we find that the presence of self-interactions relaxes the bound on the DM mass. As a concrete realization we study models with dark QCD-like sectors, where DM is made of light dark-pions.
description: 28 pages, 8 figures. v2) refs added, typos fixed, matches published version
VNS 1998 Election: Idaho Election Day Exit Poll
Creators: name: ABC News
name: Associated Press
name: CBS News
name: CNN
name: Fox News
name: NBC News
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: 1998 Gubernatorial election (1); 1998 US Senate election (1); Clinton job performance (1); Congressional job performance (1); 1996 presidential election (1); personal financial situation (1); support/oppose Clinton (1); Clinton impeachment (3).
A Nanomechanical Testing Framework Yielding Front&Rear-Sided, High-Resolution, Microstructure-Correlated SEM-DIC Strain Fields
Creators: name: Vermeij, Tijmen
name: Verstijnen, Jorn
name: Cantador, Tim Ramirez y
name: Blaysat, Benoit
name: Neggers, Jan
name: Hoefnagels, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The continuous development of new multiphase alloys with improved mechanical properties requires quantitative microstructure-resolved observation of the nanoscale deformation mechanisms at, e.g., multiphase interfaces. This calls for a combinatory approach beyond advanced testing methods such as microscale strain mapping on bulk material and micrometer sized deformation tests of single grains. We propose a nanomechanical testing framework that has been carefully designed to integrate several state-of-the-art testing and characterization methods: (i) well-defined nano-tensile testing of carefully selected and isolated multiphase specimens, (ii) front&rear-sided SEM-EBSD microstructural characterization combined with front&rear-sided in-situ SEM-DIC testing at very high resolution enabled by a recently developed InSn nano-DIC speckle pattern, (iii) optimized DIC strain mapping aided by application of SEM scanning artefact correction and DIC deconvolution for improved spatial resolution, (iv) a novel microstructure-to-strain alignment framework to deliver front&rear-sided, nanoscale, microstructure-resolved strain fields, and (v) direct comparison of microstructure, strain and SEM-BSE damage maps in the deformed configuration. Demonstration on a micrometer-sized dual-phase steel specimen, containing an incompatible ferrite-martensite interface, shows how the nanoscale deformation mechanisms can be unraveled. Discrete lath-boundary-aligned martensite strain localizations transit over the interface into diffuse ferrite plasticity, revealed by the nanoscale front&rear-sided microstructure-to-strain alignment and optimization of DIC correlations. The proposed framework yields front&rear-sided aligned microstructure and strain fields providing 3D interpretation of the deformation and opening new opportunities for unprecedented validation of advanced multiphase simulations.
description: Accepted in Experimental Mechanics
Realizing the physics of motile cilia synchronization with driven colloids
Creators: name: Bruot, Nicolas
name: Cicuta, Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Cilia and flagella in biological systems often show large scale cooperative behaviors such as the synchronization of their beats in "metachronal waves". These are beautiful examples of emergent dynamics in biology, and are essential for life, allowing diverse processes from the motility of eukaryotic microorganisms, to nutrient transport and clearance of pathogens from mammalian airways. How these collective states arise is not fully understood, but it is clear that individual cilia interact mechanically,and that a strong and long ranged component of the coupling is mediated by the viscous fluid. We review here the work by ourselves and others aimed at understanding the behavior of hydrodynamically coupled systems, and particularly a set of results that have been obtained both experimentally and theoretically by studying actively driven colloidal systems. In these controlled scenarios, it is possible to selectively test aspects of the living motile cilia, such as the geometrical arrangement, the effects of the driving profile and the distance to no-slip boundaries. We outline and give examples of how it is possible to link model systems to observations on living systems, which can be made on microorganisms, on cell cultures or on tissue sections. This area of research has clear clinical application in the long term, as severe pathologies are associated with compromised cilia function in humans.
description: 31 pages, to appear in Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics
Quantum error correction with silicon spin qubits
Creators: name: Takeda, Kenta
name: Noiri, Akito
name: Nakajima, Takashi
name: Kobayashi, Takashi
name: Tarucha, Seigo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large-scale quantum computers rely on quantum error correction to protect the fragile quantum information. Among the possible candidates of quantum computing devices, silicon-based spin qubits hold a great promise due to their compatibility to mature nanofabrication technologies for scaling up. Recent advances in silicon-based qubits have enabled the implementations of high quality one and two qubit systems. However, the demonstration of quantum error correction, which requires three or more coupled qubits and often involves a three-qubit gate, remains an open challenge. Here, we demonstrate a three-qubit phase correcting code in silicon, where an encoded three-qubit state is protected against any phase-flip error on one of the three qubits. The correction to this encoded state is performed by a three-qubit conditional rotation, which we implement by an efficient single-step resonantly driven iToffoli gate. As expected, the error correction mitigates the errors due to one qubit phase-flip as well as the intrinsic dephasing due to quasi-static phase noise. These results show a successful implementation of quantum error correction and the potential of silicon-based platform for large-scale quantum computing.
Consocio Madroño's OpenDMP instance to support machine actionable and FAIR DMPs in Spain
Creators: name: Corrales Correyero, Juan
name: Gonzalez Ballesteros, Fernando
name: Papadopoulou, Elli
name: Tziotzios, Diamantis
name: Triantafyllou, Konstantinos
name: Kakaletris, George
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: DMP, RDM, Data Management, FAIR data, OpenAIRE

description: In the Madrid region of Spain, Consorcio Madroño (consorciomadrono.es/en/) has been actively supporting research and innovation (R&I) for twenty five years. Madroño Consortium has six universities: UAH, UAM, UC3M, UNED, UPM and URJC .
 The OpenDMP production instance URL is https://pgd.consorciomadrono.es . https://pgdold.consorciomadrono.es is our old dmp roadmpap instance. It is active yet but it is not usable to create new plans, only to edit and access to the old ones.. Since then, the rapidly changing landscape in RDM, boosted also by the realisation of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC), contributed to new DMP standards (RDA DMP Common Standard, software management plans, etc) and advancements towards machine actionability. To capture those in the Spanish R&I ecosystem, Consorcio Madroño decided to migrate to the OpenDMP software as the solution for dynamic and automated data management planning. OpenDMP was jointly developed by OpenAIRE and EUDAT, and is the software behind OpenAIRE’s ARGOS (argos.openaire.eu) DMP service. Hence, OpenAIRE supported the transition to OpenDMP, among other things, by building a migration mechanism for DMPs and users to get all information from PGDOnline and by customising features, such as for publishing DMPs to the Consorcio Madroño’s repository. Today, the efforts of Consorcio Madroño continue with more service integrations with the new DMP platform to cultivate an interlinked RDM web. The demo is about Consorcio Madroño's OpenDMP instance (https://pgd.consorciomadrono.es/home) that is available in the Madrid region for Universities to create their own machine actionable templates and researchers to use them to write and publish DMPs as FAIR outputs. The demo will be split into two sections focusing on the following stakeholder groups: a. Librarians and data stewards: to walk them through the process and the features available to create machine actionable templates in the platform, such as the collection of inputs (e.g. open-ended, multiple selection, tables, upload images) and APIs (e.g. publications, data, metadata, repositories). b. Researchers: to train them in writing and publishing FAIR DMPs with the new platform.
Power Laws, the Price Model, and the Pareto type-2 Distribution
Creators: name: Siudem, Grzegorz
name: Nowak, Przemysław
name: Gagolewski, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a version of D. Price's model for the growth of a bibliographic network, where in each iteration a constant number of citations is randomly allocated according to a weighted combination of accidental (uniformly distributed) and preferential (rich-get-richer) rules. Instead of relying on the typical master equation approach, we formulate and solve this problem in terms of the rank-size distribution. We show that, asymptotically, such a process leads to a Pareto-type 2 distribution with an appealingly interpretable parametrisation. We prove that the solution to the Price model expressed in terms of the rank-size distribution coincides with the expected values of order statistics in an independent Paretian sample. We study the bias and the mean squared error of three well-behaving estimators of the underlying model parameters. An empirical analysis of a large repository of academic papers yields a good fit not only in the tail of the distribution (as it is usually the case in the power law-like framework), but also across the whole domain. Interestingly, the estimated models indicate higher degree of preferentially attached citations and smaller share of randomness than previous studies.
Generalized Langevin Equation with a Non-Linear Potential of Mean Force and Non-Linear Memory Friction From a Hybrid Projection Scheme
Creators: name: Ayaz, Cihan
name: Dalton, Benjamin A.
name: Netz, Roland R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a hybrid projection scheme that combines linear Mori projection and conditional Zwanzig projection techniques and use it to derive a Generalized Langevin Equation (GLE) for a general interacting many-body system. The resulting GLE includes i) explicitly the potential of mean force (PMF) that describes the equilibrium distribution of the system in the chosen space of reaction coordinates, ii) a random force term that explicitly depends on the initial state of the system, and iii) a memory friction contribution that splits into two parts: a part that is linear in the past reaction-coordinate velocity and a part that is in general non-linear in the past reaction coordinates but does not depend on velocities. Our hybrid scheme thus combines all desirable properties of the Zwanzig and Mori projection schemes. The non-linear memory friction contribution is shown to be related to correlations between the reaction-coordinate velocity and the random force. We present a numerical method to compute all parameters of our GLE, in particular, the non-linear memory friction function and the random force distribution, from a trajectory in reaction coordinate space. We apply our method to the dihedral-angle dynamics of a butane molecule in water obtained from atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. For this example, we demonstrate that non-linear memory friction is present and that the random force exhibits significant non-Gaussian corrections. We also present the derivation of the GLE for multidimensional reaction coordinates that are general functions of all positions in the phase space of the underlying many-body system; this corresponds to a systematic coarse-graining procedure that preserves not only the correct equilibrium behavior but also the correct dynamics of the coarse-grained system.
Stability of resonant configurations during the migration of planets and constraints on disk-planet interactions
Creators: name: Delisle, J. -B.
name: Correia, A. C. M.
name: Laskar, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stability of mean-motion resonances (MMR) between two planets during their migration in a protoplanetary disk. We use an analytical model of resonances, and describe the effect of the disk by a migration timescale (T_{m,i}) and an eccentricity damping timescale (T_{e,i}) for each planet (i=1,2 respectively for the inner and outer planet). We show that the resonant configuration is stable if T_{e,1}/T_{e,2} > (e_1/e_2)^2. This general result can be used to put constraints on specific models of disk-planet interactions. For instance, using classical prescriptions for type I migration, we show that when the angular momentum deficit (AMD) of the inner orbit is larger than the outer's orbit AMD, resonant systems must have a locally inverted disk density profile to stay locked in resonance during the migration. This inversion is very untypical of type I migration and our criterion can thus provide an evidence against classical type I migration. That is indeed the case for the Jupiter-mass resonant systems HD 60532b, c (3:1 MMR), GJ 876b, c (2:1 MMR), and HD 45364b, c (3:2 MMR). This result may be an evidence for type II migration (gap opening planets), which is compatible with the large masses of these planets.
description: accepted to A&A
Willpower Depletion and Hand Hygiene in Emergency Medicine
Creators: name: Wurzelmann, Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Psychology research suggests that willpower functions like a muscle and tires with use; as willpower is depleted, we have less available for other, unrelated tasks that also require willpower. Recent research has found that people demonstrate declines in performance in various areas as they work hard without breaks. To date, there is minimal research investigating evidence of willpower decline in a medical context. One candidate as a metric for finding evidence of willpower decline is hand hygiene. Performance of hand hygiene requires conscious mental effort on the part of the physician, suggesting it is subject to willpower depletion. Evidence suggests that the low hand hygiene rates in medicine are responsible for nosocomial infections. This paper consists of two distinct parts: a systematic review and an original manuscript describing plans for an observational research study. The systematic review assesses the current literature on hand hygiene to determine whether there is evidence of a willpower depletion effect by examining hand hygiene rates and performance in the beginning and end of a shift. This review found only three studies that met inclusion criteria. Although these studies did suggest some mild effect of willpower depletion, all three studies were subject to significant limitations related to measurement of time or hand hygiene. The original manuscript lays out a design for an observational study of hand hygiene, comparing hand hygiene rates in the beginning and end of a shift. It is to take place in an Emergency Department and will use criteria for of hand hygiene indications defined by the World Health Organization. If the study finds evidence of willpower depletion in hand hygiene, it suggests that other areas in medicine may be at risk of declining performance over the course of a shift and should be more thoroughly investigated.
Effects of the refractive index of the X-ray corona on the emission lines in AGN
Creators: name: Chainakun, P.
name: Watcharangkool, A.
name: Young, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray reflection from an accretion disc produces characteristic emission lines allowing us to probe the innermost regions in AGN. We investigate these emission lines under a framework of Riemannian geometrical optics where the corona has a refractive index of $n \neq 1$. The empty space outside is a vacuum with $n = 1$. The Kerr metric is modified to trace the light rays that are bent due to not only the gravity of the black hole, but also the effects of coronal plasma dependent on $n$. The choice of $n$ alters the null geodesics, producing the effect which is analogous to the light deflection. For the corona with $n > 1$, the disc on the far side within the corona covers a larger area on the observer' sky, enhancing the blue wing of the line and producing more flux difference between the blue peak and extended red tail. The inverse effects are seen when $n < 1$. Moreover, the corona with $n > 1$ and $n < 1$ could induce extra shifts in the blue wing ($Δg_{max}$) to higher and lower energy, respectively. These effects are more prominent when the inclination angle is $\gtrsim 60^\circ$ and the corona extends to $\gtrsim 5r_g$. To obtain the deviation of the line shift of $Δg_{\rm max} \gtrsim 0.01$, the difference between the refractive index of the corona and that of the empty space must be $Δn \gtrsim 0.5%$. Finally, the lensing corona can influence the arrival time of photons that may affect the observed variability of these emission lines
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
IFOP Study of Public Opinion
Creators: name: Institut Francais D'Opinion Publique
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 1997

description: Nursery school; commercial TV; police behavior toward members of Left and Right; church attendance; government attention to citizens' requests; government performance in past year in education, decentralization, nationalized enterprises, budget, employment, agriculture, housing, banking, trade unions, public facilities, conservation, etc.; evaluation of thirteen politicians; money needed for a family of four; expectations regarding prices, employment, taxes, prosperity, China, student demonstrations, U.S. power, Russian power, and world tension.
Triangle Singularity in the Production of $T_{cc}^+$(3875) and a Soft Pion
Creators: name: Braaten, Eric
name: He, Li-Ping
name: Ingles, Kevin
name: Jiang, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The double-charm tetraquark meson $T_{cc}^+(3875)$ can be produced in high-energy proton-proton collisions by the creation of the charm mesons $D^{*+} D^0$ at short distances followed by their binding into $T_{cc}^+$. The $T_{cc}^+$ can also be produced by the creation of $D^{*+} D^{*+}$ at short distances followed by their rescattering into $T_{cc}^+ π^+$. A charm-meson triangle singularity produces a narrow peak in the $T_{cc}^+ π^+$ invariant mass distribution 6.1 MeV above the threshold with a width of about 1 MeV. Well beyond the peak, the differential cross section decreases with the invariant kinetic energy $E$ of $T_{cc}^+ π^+$ as $E^{-1/2}$. The fraction of $T_{cc}^+$ that are accompanied by $π^+$ with $E< m_π$ is estimated to be roughly 3%. The fraction of $T_{cc}^+$ events with $T_{cc}^+ π^+$ in the narrow peak from the triangle singularity could be comparable.
description: 44 pages, 13 figures