cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Tables and Figures from Evolution of nest architecture in tyrant flycatchers and allies
Creators: name: Ocampo, David
name: De Silva, Thilina N.
name: Sheard, Catherine
name: Stoddard, Mary Caswell
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Innovations in nest design are thought to be one potential factor in the evolutionary success of passerine birds (order: Passeriformes), which colonized new ecological niches as they diversified in the Oligocene and Miocene. In particular, tyrant flycatchers and their allies (parvorder: Tyrannida) are an extremely diverse group of New World suboscine passerines occupying a wide range of habitats and exhibiting substantial extant variation in nest design. To explore the evolution of nest architecture in this clade, we first described nest traits across the Tyrannida phylogeny and estimated ancestral nest conditions. We then quantified macroevolutionary transition rates between nest types, examined a potential coevolutionary relationship between nest type and habitat, and used phylogenetic mixed models to determine possible ecological and environmental correlates of nest design. The Tyrannida ancestor likely built a cup nest in a closed habitat, and dome nests independently evolved at least 15 times within this group. Both cup- and dome-nesting species diversified into semi-open and open habitats, and we did not detect a coevolutionary relationship between nest type and habitat. Furthermore, nest type was not significantly correlated with several key ecological, life-history and environmental traits, suggesting that broad variation in Tyrannida nest architecture may not easily be explained by a single factor.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolutionary ecology of nests: a cross-taxon approach’.
title: Wie Archive das Denken beeinflussen. Über Materialsammlungen, fragmentierte Objektinformationen und die Erzeugung von Sinn im musealen Kontext
Creators: name: Hahn, Hans Peter
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2015

description: Die Bedeutung von Museen in der Gegenwart beruht auf ihren im Verlaufe ihrer Geschichte zusammengetragenen Sammlungen. Ausgehend von einer Gegenüberstellung von Objekten im Alltag mit Objekten im Museum sowie musealen Umgangsweisen und Kontexten wird deutlich, in welch signifikantem Ausmaß der Status eines Sammlungsobjekts eine Reduktion an Objektinformationen darstellt. Der konventionellen Sichtweise von Sammlung als ‚Verwahrung‘ wird hier eine Perspektive von Sammlung als Stillstellen und Fragmentierung gegenübergestellt. Aus dieser Perspektive ergeben sich spezifische Aufgaben für die Museen insgesamt: Sie verfügen über die Macht, den auf diese Weise transformierten Objekten einen neuen Kontext zuzuweisen, und sie somit in einer verantwortungsvollen Weise als Mittel der öffentlichen Kommunikation zu nutzen.
description: The significance of museums in the present is based on their collections gathered in the course of their history. By comparing the ways of dealing with objects and their contexts in everyday life with the status of objects in a museum it becomes clear to what extent the status of a collection object represents a reduction or even fragmentation of object information. The conventional view of a collection as an assemblage of conserved objects will be compared with a different interpretation: a collection as a device for immobilizing and fragmentation of items. From this perspective, this results in specific tasks for the museums in general: They have the power to assign new contexts to the thus transformed objects and therefore use them as a means of public communication in a responsible manner.
Iris variegata L.
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: I. variegata L. Verwildert. 3: Bei St. Niklaus, Wiese (Chenevard 1899); Randa (Huber 1918). Angegeben ferner aus Distr.2 von «Ried im Lötschental, eingebürgert» (SCHINZ und KELLER, Flora). DieseAngabegehtzurückauf einenim Botanischen Museum der Universität Zürich liegendenBeleg:«Riedt(Wallis)»,leg.STEBLER1906,det.SCHINZ.Esist alsohiernichtgesagt,dassessichum den Weiler Ried im Lötschental handelt. Dieser liegt 1509 m über M:eer. Nach Ansicht des Verfassers isteszweifelhaft,dassdieArt sohochvorkommt.InBetrachtkommtwohlehereinesderanderenRied des Oberwallis (Turtmann, Visperterminen, Brig, Mörel?). Das wird abzuklären sein, mitsamt der Frage, ob die Art an der STEBLERschenStelle sichnochheute findet,also wirklichals eingebürgertzu gelten hat.
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
Correlations in gravitational-wave reconstructions from eccentric binaries: A case study with GW151226 and GW170608
Creators: name: O'Shea, Eamonn
name: Kumar, Prayush
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83, 85

description: The eccentricity of binary black-hole mergers is predicted to be an indicator of the history of their formation. In particular, eccentricity is a strong signature of dynamical formation rather than formation by stellar evolution in isolated stellar systems. We investigate the efficacy of the existing quasicircular parameter estimation pipelines to determine the source parameters of such eccentric systems. We create a set of simulated signals with eccentricity up to 0.3 and find that as the eccentricity increases, the recovered mass parameters are consistent with those of a binary with up to a $\simeq 10\%$ higher chirp mass and mass ratio closer to unity. We also employ a full inspiral-merger-ringdown waveform model to perform parameter estimation on two gravitational wave events, GW151226 and GW170608, to investigate this bias on real data. We find that the correlation between the masses and eccentricity persists in real data, but that there is also a correlation between the measured eccentricity and effective spin. In particular, using a nonspinning prior results in a spurious eccentricity measurement for GW151226 as it exhibits signs of nonzero black-hole spin. Performing parameter estimation with an aligned spin, eccentric model, we constrain the eccentricities of GW151226 and GW170608 to be $<0.15$ and $<0.12$ respectively.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
Integrated fiber-mirror ion trap for strong ion-cavity coupling
Creators: name: Brandstätter, B.
name: McClung, A.
name: Schüppert, K.
name: Casabone, B.
name: Friebe, K.
name: Stute, A.
name: Schmidt, Piet O.
name: Deutsch, C.
name: Reichel, J.
name: Blatt, R.
name: Northup, T.E.
Publisher: name: College Park, MD : American Institute of Physics
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Coupling efficiency
subject: Design considerations
subject: Fabrication process
subject: Fabry-Perot cavity
subject: Lateral displacements
subject: Nanopositioning systems
subject: Optical profilometry
subject: Radii of curvature
subject: Coatings
subject: Experiments
subject: Ions
subject: Mirrors
subject: Photoelectrons
subject: Trapped ions
subject: Vacuum
subject: X ray photoelectron spectroscopy
subject: Fibers
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We present and characterize fiber mirrors and a miniaturized ion-trap design developed to integrate a fiber-based Fabry-Perot cavity (FFPC) with a linear Paul trap for use in cavity-QED experiments with trapped ions. Our fiber-mirror fabrication process not only enables the construction of FFPCs with small mode volumes, but also allows us to minimize the influence of the dielectric fiber mirrors on the trapped-ion pseudopotential. We discuss the effect of clipping losses for long FFPCs and the effect of angular and lateral displacements on the coupling efficiencies between cavity and fiber. Optical profilometry allows us to determine the radii of curvature and ellipticities of the fiber mirrors. From finesse measurements, we infer a single-atom cooperativity of up to 12 for FFPCs longer than 200 μm in length; comparison to cavities constructed with reference substrate mirrors produced in the same coating run indicates that our FFPCs have similar scattering losses. We characterize the birefringence of our fiber mirrors, finding that careful fiber-mirror selection enables us to construct FFPCs with degenerate polarization modes. As FFPCs are novel devices, we describe procedures developed for handling, aligning, and cleaning them. We discuss experiments to anneal fiber mirrors and explore the influence of the atmosphere under which annealing occurs on coating losses, finding that annealing under vacuum increases the losses for our reference substrate mirrors. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicate that these losses may be attributable to oxygen depletion in the mirror coating. Special design considerations enable us to introduce a FFPC into a trapped ion setup. Our unique linear Paul trap design provides clearance for such a cavity and is miniaturized to shield trapped ions from the dielectric fiber mirrors. We numerically calculate the trap potential in the absence of fibers. In the experiment additional electrodes can be used to compensate distortions of the potential due to the fibers. Home-built fiber feedthroughs connect the FFPC to external optics, and an integrated nanopositioning system affords the possibility of retracting or realigning the cavity without breaking vacuum. © 2013 © 2013 Author(s).
Enveloping Algebras and Cohomology of Leibniz Pairs
Creators: name: Bao, Yan-Hong
name: Ye, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16W25, 16E40

description: We introduce the enveloping algebra for a Leibniz pair, and show that the category of modules over a Leibniz pair is isomorphic to the category of left modules over its enveloping algebra. Consequently, we show that the cohomology theory for a Leibniz pair introduced by Flato, Gerstenhaber and Voronov can be interpreted by Ext-groups of modules over the enveloping algebra.
description: 13 pages
ECOLOGY & CONSERVATION OF AN AFRICAN FOREST CARNIVORE COMMUNITY: NICHE PARTITIONING AND ADAPTATION TO ANTHROPOGENIC CHANGE
Creators: name: Mills, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Chordata
Animalia
bats
bat

description: (Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) No abstract provided.
Highlights in Seagrasses’ Phylogeny, Physiology, and Metabolism: What Makes Them Special?
Creators: name: Papenbrock, Jutta
Publisher: name: New York, NY : Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: seagrass
subject: morphology
subject: marine hydrophilus angiosperms
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: The marine seagrasses form an ecological and therefore paraphyletic group of marine hydrophilus angiosperms which evolved three to four times from land plants towards an aquatic and marine existence. Their taxonomy is not yet solved on the species level and below due to their reduced morphology. So far also molecular data did not completely solve the phylogenetic relationships. Thus, this group challenges a new definition for what a species is. Also their physiology is not well understood due to difficult experimental in situ and in vitro conditions. There remain several open questions concerning how seagrasses adapted secondarily to the marine environment. Here probably exciting adaptation solutions will be detected. Physiological adaptations seem to be more important than morphological ones. Seagrasses contain several compounds in their secondary metabolism in which they differ from terrestrial plants and also not known from other taxonomic groups. Some of these compounds might be of interest for commercial purposes. Therefore their metabolite contents constitute another treasure of the ocean. This paper gives an introduction into some of the most interesting aspects from phylogenetical, physiological, and metabolic points of view.
Das Leibniz Forschungszentrum TRUST : Räumliche Transformation - Zukunft für Stadt und Land
Creators: name: Ibendorf, Jens
name: Voß, Winrich
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Forschungszentrum TRUST
subject: Mensch-Umwelt-System
subject: Räumliche Transformation
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::700 | Künste, Bildende Kunst allgemein::710 | Landschaftsgestaltung, Raumplanung
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::370 | Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: Räumliche Veränderungen in Stadt und Land stehen im Fokus des Forschungszentrums TRUST, unter dessen Dach Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler aus sechs Fakultäten und 19 Instituten arbeiten. Geschäftsführer Jens Ibendorf und Sprecher Professor Dr. Winrich Voß geben einen Überblick über die vielfältigen Forschungsaktivitäten dieses interdisziplinären Verbundes.
Quantum Algorithmic Readout in Multi-Ion Clocks
Creators: name: Schulte, M.
name: Lörch, N.
name: Leroux, I.D.
name: Schmidt, Piet O.
name: Hammerer, K.
Publisher: name: College Park, MD : American Physical Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algorithms
subject: Clocks
subject: Computer circuits
subject: Ions
subject: Quantum chemistry
subject: Quantum optics
subject: Reconfigurable hardware
subject: Trapped ions
subject: Closed transitions
subject: Frequency accuracy
subject: Optical clocks
subject: Precision spectroscopy
subject: Quantum non-demolition
subject: Quantum simulations
subject: Quantum-information processing
subject: Short term stability
subject: Quantum theory
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Optical clocks based on ensembles of trapped ions promise record frequency accuracy with good short-term stability. Most suitable ion species lack closed transitions, so the clock signal must be read out indirectly by transferring the quantum state of the clock ions to cotrapped logic ions of a different species. Existing methods of quantum logic readout require a linear overhead in either time or the number of logic ions. Here we describe a quantum algorithmic readout whose overhead scales logarithmically with the number of clock ions in both of these respects. The scheme allows a quantum nondemolition readout of the number of excited clock ions using a single multispecies gate operation which can also be used in other areas of ion trap technology such as quantum information processing, quantum simulations, metrology, and precision spectroscopy. © 2016 American Physical Society.
Entanglement entropy of inhomogeneous XX spin chains with algebraic interactions
Creators: name: Finkel, Federico
name: González-López, Artemio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a family of inhomogeneous XX spin chains whose squared couplings are a polynomial of degree at most four in the site index. We show how to obtain an asymptotic approximation for the Rényi entanglement entropy of all such chains in a constant magnetic field at half filling by exploiting their connection with the conformal field theory of a massless Dirac fermion in a suitably curved static background. We study the above approximation for three particular chains in the family, two of them related to well-known quasi-exactly solvable quantum models on the line and the third one to classical Krawtchouk polynomials, finding an excellent agreement with the exact value obtained numerically when the Rényi parameter $α$ is less than one. When $α\ge1$ we find parity oscillations, as expected from the homogeneous case, and show that they are very accurately reproduced by a modification of the Fagotti-Calabrese formula. We have also analyzed the asymptotic behavior of the Rényi entanglement entropy in the non-standard situation of arbitrary filling and/or inhomogeneous magnetic field. Our numerical results show that in this case a block of spins at each end of the chain becomes disentangled from the rest. Moreover, the asymptotic approximation for the case of half filling and constant magnetic field, when suitably rescaled to the region of non-vanishing entropy, provides a rough approximation to the entanglement entropy also in this general case.
description: 36 pages, 7 figures.Revised version with minor changes and an additional a figure
Linear and circular polarimetry observations of GRB afterglows
Creators: name: Wiersema, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Follow-up observations of large numbers of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows, facilitated by the Swift satellite, have produced a large sample of spectral energy distributions and light curves, from which the basic micro- and macrophysical parameters of afterglows may be derived. However, a number of phenomena have been observed that defy explanation by simple versions of the standard fireball model, leading to a variety of new models. Polarimetry has shown great promise as a diagnosis of afterglow physics, probing the magnetic field properties of the afterglow and geometrical effects (e.g. jet breaks). Unfortunately, high quality polarimetry of a significant sample of afterglows is difficult to acquire, requiring specialised instrumentation and observing modes. In this paper I will review the recent successes in late-time afterglow polarimetry, also showing first results of new instruments and observing campaigns. I will particularly focus on jet breaks.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium 2012- IAA-CSIC - Marbella, editors: Castro-Tirado, A. J., Gorosabel, J. and Park, I. H
Two-photon sideband transition in a driven quantum Rabi model : Quantitative discussions with derived longitudinal drives and beyond the rotating wave approximation
Creators: name: Ann, Byoung-moo
name: Kessels, Wouter
name: Steele, Gary A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we analytically and numerically study the sideband transition dynamics of the driven quantum Rabi model (QRM). We focus in particular on the conditions when the external transverse drive fields induce first-order sideband transitions. Inducing sideband transitions between two different systems is an essential technique for various physical models, including the QRM. However, despite its importance, a precise analytical study has not been reported yet that successfully explains the sideband transition rates in a driven QRM applicable for all system parameter configurations. In our study, we analytically derive the sideband transition rates based on second-order perturbation theory, not relying on the rotating wave approximation (RWA) \cite{RWA}. Our formula are valid for all ranges of drive frequencies and system's parameters. Our analytical derived formula agrees well with the numerical results in a regime of moderate drive amplitudes. Interestingly, we have found a non-trivial longitudinal drive effect derived from the transverse drive Hamiltonian. This accounts for significant corrections to the sideband transition rates that are expected without considering the derived longitudinal effect. Using this approach, one can precisely estimate the sideband transition rates in the QRM not confining themselves within specific parameter regimes. This provides important contributions for understanding experiments described by the driven QRM.
"Transformation unserer Welt" : Mit Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung in die Zukunft
Creators: name: Meyer, Christiane
name: Eberth, Andreas
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nachhaltigkeit
subject: Bildung
subject: Projekte
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::370 | Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::360 | Soziale Probleme, Sozialdienste, Versicherungen

description: Der Wandel hin zu nachhaltiger Entwicklung und einem stärkeren Nachhaltigkeitsbewusstsein gelingt nur, wenn bereits Jugendliche auf bestehende Probleme aufmerksam werden. Prof. Christiane Meyer und Dr. Andreas Eberth stellen einige Projekte vor, in denen ein kritisch-reflexiver Ansatz gefördert wird, anhand dessen Jugendliche lernen, die Welt zu verändern.
Effects of magnetic excitations and transitions on vacancy formation: cases of fcc Fe and Ni compared to bcc Fe
Creators: name: Li, Kangming
name: Fu, Chu-Chun
name: Schneider, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vacancy is one of the most frequent defects in metals. We study the impacts of magnetism on vacancy formation properties in fcc Ni, and in bcc and fcc Fe, via density functional theory (DFT) and effective interaction models combined with Monte Carlo simulations. Overall, the predicted vacancy formation energies and equilibrium vacancy concentrations are in good agreement with experimental data, available only at the high-temperature paramagnetic regime. Effects of magnetic transitions on vacancy formation energies are found to be more important in bcc Fe than in fcc Fe and Ni. The distinct behaviour is correlated to the relative roles of longitudinal and transversal spin excitations. At variance with the bcc-Fe case, we note a clear effect of longitudinal spin excitations on the magnetic free energy of vacancy formation in fcc Fe and Ni, leading to its steady variation above the respective magnetic transition temperature. Below the Néel point, such effect in fcc Fe is comparable but opposite to the one of the transversal excitations. Regarding fcc Ni, although neglecting the longitudinal spin excitations induces an overestimation of the Curie temperature by 220 K, no additional effect is visible below the Curie point. The distinct effects on the three systems are closely linked to DFT predictions of the dependence of vacancy formation energy on the variation of local magnetic-moment magnitudes and orientations.
Transition of the Stellar Initial Mass Function Explored with Binary Population Synthesis
Creators: name: Suda, Takuma
name: Komiya, Yutaka
name: Yamada, Shimako
name: Katsuta, Yutaka
name: Aoki, Wako
name: Gil-Pons, Pilar
name: Doherty, Carolyn L.
name: Campbell, Simon W.
name: Wood, Peter R.
name: Fujimoto, Masayuki Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stellar initial mass function (IMF) plays a crucial role in determining the number of surviving stars in galaxies, the chemical composition of the interstellar medium, and the distribution of light in galaxies. A key unsolved question is whether the IMF is universal in time and space. Here we use state-of-the-art results of stellar evolution to show that the IMF of our Galaxy made a transition from an IMF dominated by massive stars to the present-day IMF at an early phase of the Galaxy formation. Updated results from stellar evolution in a wide range of metallicities have been implemented in a binary population synthesis code, and compared with the observations of carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars in our Galaxy. We find that applying the present-day IMF to Galactic halo stars causes serious contradictions with four observable quantities connected with the evolution of AGB stars. Furthermore, a comparison between our calculations and the observations of CEMP stars may help us to constrain the transition metallicity for the IMF which we tentatively set at [Fe/H] = -2. A novelty of the current study is the inclusion of mass loss suppression in intermediate-mass AGB stars at low-metallicity. This significantly reduces the overproduction of nitrogen-enhanced stars that was a major problem in using the high-mass star dominated IMF in previous studies. Our results also demonstrate that the use of the present day IMF for all time in chemical evolution models results in the overproduction of Type I.5 supernovae. More data on stellar abundances will help to understand how the IMF has changed and what caused such a transition.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, accepted by MNRAS Letter
Morphology control of zinc oxide films via polysaccharide-mediated, low temperature, chemical bath deposition
Creators: name: Waltz, Florian
name: Schwarz, Hans-Christoph
name: Schneider, Andreas M.
name: Eiden, Stefanie
name: Behrens, Peter
Publisher: name: Frankfurt am Main : Beilstein-Institut zur Förderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: chemical bath deposition
subject: hyaluronic acid
subject: polysaccharide
subject: transparent conductive oxide
subject: zinc oxide
subject: zno thin-films
subject: pulsed-laser deposition
subject: optical-properties
subject: aqueous-solution
subject: assisted synthesis
subject: vapor-deposition
subject: transparent
subject: growth
subject: al
subject: microstructure
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: In this study we present a three-step process for the low-temperature chemical bath deposition of crystalline ZnO films on glass substrates. The process consists of a seeding step followed by two chemical bath deposition steps. In the second step (the first of the two bath deposition steps), a natural polysaccharide, namely hyaluronic acid, is used to manipulate the morphology of the films. Previous experiments revealed a strong influence of this polysaccharide on the formation of zinc oxide crystallites. The present work aims to transfer this gained knowledge to the formation of zinc oxide films. The influence of hyaluronic acid and the time of its addition on the morphology of the resulting ZnO film were investigated. By meticulous adjustment of the parameters in this step, the film morphology can be tailored to provide an optimal growth platform for the third step (a subsequent chemical bath deposition step). In this step, the film is covered by a dense layer of ZnO. This optimized procedure leads to ZnO films with a very high electrical conductivity, opening up interesting possibilities for applications of such films. The films were characterized by means of electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and measurements of the electrical conductivity.
Freezing Out Early Dark Energy
Creators: name: Bielefeld, Jannis
name: Wu, W. L. Kimmy
name: Caldwell, Robert R.
name: Dore, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A phenomenological model of dark energy that tracks the baryonic and cold dark matter at early times but resembles a cosmological constant at late times is explored. In the transition between these two regimes, the dark energy density drops rapidly as if it were a relic species that freezes out, during which time the equation of state peaks at +1. Such an adjustment in the dark energy density, as it shifts from scaling to potential-domination, could be the signature of a trigger mechanism that helps explain the late-time cosmic acceleration. We show that the non-negligible dark energy density at early times, and the subsequent peak in the equation of state at the transition, leave an imprint on the cosmic microwave background anisotropy pattern and the rate of growth of large scale structure. The model introduces two new parameters, consisting of the present-day equation of state and the redshift of the freeze-out transition. A Monte Carlo Markov Chain analysis of a ten-dimensional parameter space is performed to compare the model with pre-Planck cosmic microwave background, large scale structure and supernova data and measurements of the Hubble constant. We find that the transition described by this model could have taken place as late as a redshift z~400. We explore the capability of future cosmic microwave background and weak lensing experiments to put tighter constraints on this model. The viability of this model may suggest new directions in dark-energy model building that address the coincidence problem.
description: 11 pages, 15 figures
Supplementary material from Evolution at the arid extreme: the influence of climate on sand termite colonies and fairy circles of the Namib Desert
Creators: name: Juergens, Norbert
name: Groengroeft, Alexander
name: Gunter, Felicitas
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: In the hyperarid Namib Desert, the sand termite Psammotermes allocerus Silvestri, 1908 (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) establishes colonies that create conspicuous, barren patches known as ‘fairy circles' on permeable, sandy soils. The central bare areas of fairy circles serve the key function of storing moisture received from sparse rainfall. The sandy soil texture allows rapid infiltration and percolation of precipitation, while localized herbivory by the termites creates the bare patch, thereby reducing the rapid loss of soil moisture by the uptake and transpiration of water by plants. The resulting storage of rain water even during prolonged periods of drought enables perennial life in hyperarid desert environments and forms a globally unique example of ecosystem engineering by social insects. During the past decade, most publications primarily debated the origin of fairy circles. Here, we contribute to the special issue with a focus on the functional and evolutionary dimension of the structure of the Psammotermes colony with two differing nest types and two spatially separated key resources, as a successful adaptation to extreme desert environment. The paper is primarily a review and a synthesis of previous work, with the inclusion of new, relevant findings.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolutionary ecology of nests: a cross-taxon approach’.
Investigations into the biosynthesis of the antifungal strobilurins
Creators: name: Iqbal, Zafar
name: Han, Li-Chen
name: Soares-Sello, Anna M.
name: Nofiani, Risa
name: Thormann, Gerald
name: Zeeck, Axel
name: Cox, Russell J.
name: Willis, Christine L.
name: Simpson, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strobilurin
subject: Fungicides
subject: Pseudostrobilurin B
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: The strobilurins are important antifungal metabolites isolated from a number of basidiomycetes and have been valuable leads for the development of commercially important fungicides. Isotopic labelling studies with early and advanced intermediates confirm for the first time that they are produced via a linear tetraketide, primed with the rare benzoate starter unit, itself derived from phenylalanine via cinnamate. Isolation of a novel biphenyl metabolite, pseudostrobilurin B, provides evidence for the involvement of an epoxide in the key rearrangement to form the β-methoxyacrylate moiety essential for biological activity. Formation of two bolineol related metabolites, strobilurins Y and Z, also probably involves epoxide intermediates. Time course studies indicate a likely biosynthetic pathway from strobilurin A, with the simplest non-subsubstituted benzoate ring, to strobilurin G with a complex dioxepin terpenoid-derived substituent. Precursor-directed biosynthetic studies allow production of a number of novel ring-halogenated analogues as well as a new pyridyl strobilurin. These studies also provide evidence for a non-linear biosynthetic relationship between strobilurin A and strobilurin B.
Dynamic and Dielectric Response of Charged Colloids in Electrolyte Solutions to External Electric Fields
Creators: name: Zhou, Jiajia
name: Schmitz, Roman
name: Duenweg, Burkard
name: Schmid, Friederike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Computer simulations are used to investigate the response of a charged colloid and its surrounding microion cloud to an external electric field. Both static fields (DC) and alternating fields (AC) are considered. A mesoscopic simulation method is implemented to account in full for hydrodynamic and electrostatic interactions. The response of the system can be characterized by two quantities: the mobility and the polarizability. Due to the interplay of the electrostatic attraction and hydrodynamic drag, the response of the microions close to the colloid surface is different from that of the microions far away from the colloid. Both the mobility and polarizability exhibit a dependency on the frequency of the external fields, which can be attributed to the concentration polarization, the mobility of the microions, and the inertia of microions. The effects of the colloidal charge, the salt concentration, and the frequency of the external fields are investigated systematically.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, submitted to J. Chem. Phys
A note on Purcell's basic explanation of magnetic forces
Creators: name: D'Abramo, Germano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the 1960s, E.M. Purcell presented a basic explanation of the magnetic force experienced by a test charge moving parallel to a stationary current-carrying wire. According to Purcell's derivation, this force results from the difference between the relativistic length contraction of the distance among the stationary positive charges of the wire and the relativistic length contraction of the distance among the negative charges moving in the wire when the charges are observed in the rest frame of the test charge. The contraction difference generates a charge density imbalance that, in the rest frame of the test charge, is experienced as an electrostatic force, while, in the lab frame, is perceived as the magnetic force. In the present paper, we show that Purcell's approach is problematic since it generates inconsistencies and paradoxes. We maintain that Purcell's derivation has only an illustrative and expository value and should not be taken literally as describing something that really and physically happens in the wire. Furthermore, we believe that the difficulties pointed out here should be explicitly presented and discussed when introducing Purcell's approach in physics courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, few typos fixed
title: Die Wechselwirkung zwischen sozialem und liturgischem Wandel : Eine empirische Untersuchung am Beispiel der jüdischen Gemeinde in Hongkong
title: The Interdependence between Social and Liturgical Change : An Empirical Investigation on the Case of the Jewish Community in Hongkong
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Patru, Alina
Publisher: name: Berlin, Boston : De Gruyter
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: social change
subject: liturgical change
subject: religion and diaspora
subject: religion and identity
subject: religion and new media
subject: digital religion
subject: religion and internet
subject: Judaism
subject: progressive Judaism
subject: Reform Judaism
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::200 | Religion, Religionsphilosophie

description: The present study addresses new insights into the interdependent relationship between social and liturgical change by examining the Jewish community in Hong Kong. It shows how social change affects liturgical practice, and how liturgical change, on its turn, leads to social change. The changes of the social are to be considered primarily on the meso level and the micro level. Concerning the liturgical, primarily liturgical practice, i.e. the performance of liturgical services, as well as liturgical attitudes of individuals, liturgical participation and liturgical reception are the focus of the analysis. New forms of liturgical participation in the age of new communication technologies are also presented and their social and liturgical relevance is examined.
Iris germanica L.
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: I. germanica L. Cat.343. Verwildert und eingebürgert; bis 1500 m. l: La Crottaz, Grenze Waadt-Wallis (Marietan). - 2: Gelände beim Bahnhof Siders (Becherer 1940). - 3: Ob Charrat (Marietan); Bieudron (idem); Törbel,bis1500m (Stehler). - 4:ObMörel (Marietan).
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
Realisierung eines Atominterferometers zur hochauflösenden Inertialsensorik mit kalten Rubidiumatomen
Creators: name: Müller, Tobias
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atominterferometer
subject: Laserkühlung
subject: Inertialsensoren
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: [no abstract]
Limiting distributions of graph-based test statistics on sparse and dense graphs
Creators: name: Zhu, Yejiong
name: Chen, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Two-sample tests utilizing a similarity graph on observations are useful for high-dimensional and non-Euclidean data due to their flexibility and good performance under a wide range of alternatives. Existing works mainly focused on sparse graphs, such as graphs with the number of edges in the order of the number of observations, and their asymptotic results imposed strong conditions on the graph that can easily be violated by commonly constructed graphs they suggested. Moreover, the graph-based tests have better performance with denser graphs under many settings. In this work, we establish the theoretical ground for graph-based tests with graphs ranging from those recommended in current literature to much denser ones.
Afterpulse Measurements of R7081 Photomultipliers for the Double Chooz Experiment
Creators: name: Haser, Julia
name: Kaether, Florian
name: Langbrandtner, Conradin
name: Lindner, Manfred
name: Lucht, Sebastian
name: Roth, Stefan
name: Schumann, Manuel
name: Stahl, Achim
name: Stueken, Anselm
name: Wiebusch, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of afterpulse measurements performed as qualification test for 473 inner detector photomultipliers of the Double Chooz experiment. The measurements include the determination of a total afterpulse occurrence probability as well as an average time distribution of these pulses. Additionally, more detailed measurements with different light sources and simultaneous charge and timing measurements were performed with a few photomultipliers to allow a more detailed understanding of the effect. The results of all measurements are presented and discussed.
Einfluß der Molekülgröße auf Adsorptionsisothermen
Creators: name: Meyer, C.
name: Hesse, D.
Publisher: name: Berlin : De Gruyter
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Adsorptionsisotherme
subject: Moleküle
subject: CS-Modell
subject: statistische Thermodynamik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Using methods of statistical thermodynamics, adsorption isotherms for the description of different sized molecules are discussed by assuming the adsorbing surface to be energetically homogeneous and by neglecting lateral interaction forces between the adsorbed particles. In this case, besides the temperature and the partial pressures, the adsorption process is mainly influenced by a geometrical interaction between the coadsorbed molecules which is modeled by a special parameter. Its value can be determined by geometrical considerations as well as by computer simulations.
Correlations between charge radii, E0 transitions, and M1 strength
Creators: name: Van Isacker, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of the interacting boson model, relations are derived between nuclear charge radii, electric monopole transition rates, and summed magnetic dipole transition in even-even nuclei. The proposed correlations are tested in the rare-earth region.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, presented at the Conference "Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, New York, March 4-8, 2013", accepted for publication in Nuclear Data Sheets
Hydroxycinnamoyl esters of malic acid in small radish (raphanus sativus l. var. sativus)
Creators: name: Brandi, Wilfried
name: Herrmann, Karl
name: Grotjahn, Lutz
Publisher: name: Berlin : De Gruyter
Year: 1984
Subjects: subject: Hydroxycinnamoylmalic Acids
subject: Identification
subject: Isolation
subject: Quantitative Determination
subject: Raphanus sativus
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: The esters o f p-coumaric, ferulic and caffeic acid with malic acid were isolated from leaves, the ester o f sinapic acid with malic acid from cotyledons o f Raphanus sativus plants via preparative HPLC. The esters were identified by hydrolyses and following capillary GC, by H-NMR and FAB-MS. Their concentrations in leaves and tubers were determinedby gradient HPLC on reversed phase material. © 1984, Walter de Gruyter. All rights reserved.
Spherically symmetric space-times in generalized hybrid metric-Palatini gravity
Creators: name: Bronnikov, K. A.
name: Bolokhov, S. V.
name: Skvortsova, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss vacuum static, spherically symmetric asymptotically flat solutions of the generalized hybrid metric-Palatini theory of gravity (generalized HMPG) suggested by Böhmer and Tamanini, involving both a metric $g_{μν}$ and an independent connection $\hat Γ_{μν}{}^α$; the gravitational field Lagrangian is an arbitrary function $f(R,P)$ of two Ricci scalars, $R$ obtained from $g_{μν}$ and $P$ obtained from $\hat Γ_{μν}{}^α$. The theory admits a scalar-tensor representation with two scalars $ϕ$ and $ξ$ and a potential $V(ϕ,ξ)$ whose form depends on $f(R,P)$. Solutions are obtained in the Einstein frame and transferred back to the original Jordan frame for a proper interpretation. In the completely studied case $V \equiv 0$, generic solutions contain naked singularities or describe traversable wormholes, and only some special cases represent black holes with extremal horizons. For $V(ϕ,ξ) \ne 0$, some examples of analytical solutions are obtained and shown to possess naked singularities. Even in the cases where the Einstein-frame metric $g^E_{μν}$ is found analytically, the scalar field equations need a numerical study, and if $g^E_{μν}$ contains a horizon, in the Jordan frame it turns to a singularity due to the corresponding conformal factor.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
A memetic algorithm for the minimum sum coloring problem
Creators: name: Jin, Yan
name: Hao, Jin-Kao
name: Hamiez, Jean-Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Given an undirected graph $G$, the Minimum Sum Coloring problem (MSCP) is to find a legal assignment of colors (represented by natural numbers) to each vertex of $G$ such that the total sum of the colors assigned to the vertices is minimized. This paper presents a memetic algorithm for MSCP based on a tabu search procedure with two neighborhoods and a multi-parent crossover operator. Experiments on a set of 77 well-known DIMACS and COLOR 2002-2004 benchmark instances show that the proposed algorithm achieves highly competitive results in comparison with five state-of-the-art algorithms. In particular, the proposed algorithm can improve the best known results for 17 instances. We also provide upper bounds for 18 additional instances for the first time.
description: Submitted manuscript
Detecting Perfect Transmission in Josephson Junctions on the Surface of Three Dimensional Topological Insulators
Creators: name: Ilan, Roni
name: Bardarson, Jens H.
name: Sim, H. -S.
name: Moore, Joel E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider Josephson junctions on surfaces of three dimensional topological insulator nanowires. We find that in the presence of a parallel magnetic field, short junctions on nanowires show signatures of a perfectly transmitted mode capable of supporting Majorana fermions. Such signatures appear in the current-phase relation in the presence or absence of the fermion parity anomaly, and are most striking when considering the critical current as a function of flux Φ, which exhibits a peak at Φ=h/2e. The peak sharpens in the presence of disorder at low but finite chemical potentials, and can be easily disentangled from weak-antilocalization effects. The peak also survives at small but finite temperatures, and represents a realistic and robust hallmark for perfect transmission and the emergence of Majorana physics inside the wire.
description: 8 pages, including supplementary material