cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analytic and numerical models of the 3D multipolar magnetospheres of pre-main sequence stars
Creators: name: Gregory, S. G.
name: Donati, J. -F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Traditionally models of accretion of gas on to T Tauri stars have assumed a dipole stellar magnetosphere, partly for simplicity, but also due to the lack of information about their true magnetic field topologies. Before and since the first magnetic maps of an accreting T Tauri star were published in 2007 a new generation of magnetospheric accretion models have been developed that incorporate multipole magnetic fields. Three-dimensional models of the large-scale stellar magnetosphere with an observed degree of complexity have been produced via numerical field extrapolation from observationally derived T Tauri magnetic maps. Likewise, analytic and magnetohydrodynamic models with multipolar stellar magnetic fields have been produced. In this conference review article we compare and contrast the numerical field extrapolation and analytic approaches, and argue that the large-scale magnetospheres of some (but not all) accreting T Tauri stars can be well described by tilted dipole plus tilted octupole field components. We further argue that the longitudinal field curve, whether derived from accretion related emission lines, or from photospheric absorption lines, provides poor constrains on the large-scale magnetic field topology and that detailed modeling of the rotationally modulated Stokes V signal is required to recover the true field complexity. We conclude by examining the advantages, disadvantages and limitations of both the field extrapolation and analytic approaches, and also those of magnetohydrodynamic models.
description: 19 pages, accepted refereed invited conference review for the proceedings of the 7th Potsdam thinkshop: magnetic fields in stars and exoplanets. Some figures reduced resolution
Tremor in Multiple System Atrophy - A Review
Creators: name: Kaindlstorfer, Christine
name: Granata, Roberta
name: Wenning, Gregor Karl
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Kinesiology
subject: Medicine

description: Background: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by a rapidly progressive course. The clinical presentation can include autonomic failure, parkinsonism, and cerebellar signs. Differentiation from Parkinson’s disease (PD) is difficult if there is levodopa-responsive parkinsonism, rest tremor, lack of cerebellar ataxia, or mild/delayed autonomic failure. Little is known about tremor prevalence and features in MSA.
Methods: We performed a PubMed search to collect the literature on tremor in MSA and considered reports published between 1900 and 2013.
Results: Tremor is a common feature among MSA patients. Up to 80% of MSA patients show tremor, and patients with the parkinsonian variant of MSA are more commonly affected. Postural tremor has been documented in about half of the MSA population and is frequently referred to as jerky postural tremor with evidence of minipolymyoclonus on neurophysiological examination. Resting tremor has been reported in about one-third of patients but, in contrast to PD, only 10% show typical parkinsonian “pill-rolling” rest tremor. Some patients exhibit intention tremor associated with cerebellar dysmetria. In general, MSA patients can have more than one tremor type owing to a complex neuropathology that includes both the basal ganglia and pontocerebellar circuits.
Discussion: Tremor is not rare in MSA and might be underrecognized. Rest, postural, action and intention tremor can all be present, with jerky tremulous movements of the outstretched hands being the most characteristic. However, reviewing the data on tremor in MSA suggests that not every shaky movement satisfies tremor criteria; therefore, further studies are needed.
Localized phase structures growing out of quantum fluctuations in a quench of tunnel-coupled atomic condensates
Creators: name: Neuenhahn, Clemens
name: Polkovnikov, Anatoli
name: Marquardt, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relative phase between two weakly interacting 1D condensates of bosonic atoms after suddenly switching on the tunnel-coupling. The following phase dynamics is governed by the quantum sine-Gordon equation. In the semiclassical limit of weak interactions, we observe the parametric amplification of quantum fluctuations leading to the formation of breathers with a finite lifetime. The typical lifetime and density of the these 'quasibreathers' are derived employing exact solutions of the classical sine-Gordon equation. Both depend on the initial relative phase between the condensates, which is considered as a tunable parameter.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 11: of RNA-Seq analysis reveals transcript diversity and active genes after common cutworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius) attack in resistant and susceptible wild soybean lines
Creators: name: Du, Haiping
name: Li, Xiao
name: Ning, Lihua
name: Qin, Rui
name: Du, Qing
name: Wang, Qing
name: Song, Haina
name: Huang, Fang
name: Wang, Hui
name: Yu, Deyue
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S1. Phylogenetic analysis of differentially expressed TFs. (a) ERF family; (b) MYB family; (c) WRKY family; (d) bHLH family; and (e) NAC family. Red dots represent the TFs that were up-regulated in one or more comparisons; blue dots represent the TFs that were down-regulated TFs in one or more comparisons; and yellow dots represent the TFs that were oppositely regulated in different comparisons. The gene IDs used in the phylogenetic trees are gene identification number in NCBI database. (DOCX 624 kb)
title: Machine learning for decision support systems
Creators: name: Buxton, Rob
name: Behr, Yannik
name: Miller, Craig A.
name: Christophersen, Annemarie
Publisher: name: GNS Science
Year: 2020

description: In early 2020 the GNS Executive Management Team made available $500k of SSIF funding to support Data Science research. The newly formed Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Analytics team proposed several research projects that could utilise the funding and provide useful research outputs within the challenging timeframe available (to June 2020). Two of the supported projects had a strong volcanic hazard theme. The project discussed herein covers two main streams of research. Firstly, the investigation of approaches suitable for future development of a Volcanic Hazard Decision Support System (DSS). Secondly, a collaboration with Callaghan Innovation to study “Trust” in Artificial Intelligence and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Both streams have in common that they attempt to produce machine learning models that allow end-users to understand and interpret model outputs. This sequence of work will continue into the next financial year and it is anticipated that learnings from each research stream will allow some consolidation and refinement of aims moving forward. (auth)
title: Correlation of Computed Tomography-derived Aortic Valve Calcium Score with Severity of Aortic Stenosis on Echocardiography: A Single-Center Experience
Creators: name: Tan, Lourdes
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cardiac
subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: Vascular
subject: CT
subject: MR-Angiography
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Arteriosclerosis
subject: Calcifications / Calculi
subject: Retrospective
subject: Observational
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Among Filipino patients diagnosed with aortic stenosis at our institution, the authors sought to 1.) Investigate the correlation of CT-derived aortic valve calcium score (AVCS) measured in Agatston Units (AU) with the echocardiographic severity of...
Biodiversity Inventories and Conservation of the Marine Fishes of Bootless Bay, Papua New Guinea
Creators: name: Drew, Joshua Adam
name: Buxman, Charlene L.
name: Holmes, Darcae D.
name: Mandecki, Joanna L.
name: Mungkaje, Augustine J.
name: Richardson, Amber C.
name: Westneat, Mark W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background: The effective management and conservation of biodiversity is predicated on clearly defined conservation targets. Species number is frequently used as a metric for conservation prioritization and monitoring changes in ecosystem health. We conducted a series of synoptic surveys focusing on the fishes of the Bootless Bay region of Papua New Guinea to generate a checklist of fishes of the region. Bootless Bay lies directly south of Port Moresby, the capital of Papua New Guinea, and experiences the highest human population density of any marine area in the country. Our checklist will set a baseline against which future environmental changes can be tracked. Results: We generated a checklist of 488 fish species in 72 families found in Bootless Bay during a two-week sampling effort. Using incident-based methods of species estimation, we extrapolate there to be approximately 940 fish species in Bootless Bay, one of the lowest reported numbers in Papua New Guinea. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the Bootless Bay ecosystem of Papua New Guinea, while diverse in absolute terms, has lower fish biodiversity compared to other shallow marine areas within the country. These differences in faunal diversity are most likely a combination of unequal sampling effort as well as biophysical factors within Bootless Bay compounded by historical and/or contemporary anthropogenic disturbances.
Tree-level S-matrix elements from S-duality
Creators: name: Garousi, Mohammad R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been speculated that the S-matrix elements of type IIB superstring theory satisfy the Ward identity associated with the S-duality. This indicates that a group of S-matrix elements at each loop level are invariant under the linear $SL(2,R)$ transformations. If one evaluates one element of such S-dual multiplet, then all other components can be found by the simple use of the linear $SL(2,R)$ transformations. In this paper, we calculate the disk-level S-matrix element of one graviton(dilaton), one B-field and one gauge boson on the word volume of D$_3$-brane. The S-dual multiplet corresponding to the graviton(dilaton) amplitude has three(six) components. In particular, the graviton multiplet has the S-matrix element of one graviton, one R-R two-form and one gauge boson, and the dilaton multiplet has the S-matrix element of one R-R scalar, one B-field and one gauge boson vertex operators. We calculate explicitly these particular components and show that they are precisely the ones predicted by the S-duality. We have also found the low energy contact terms of the dilaton multiplet at order $α'^2$.
description: 28 pages, latex file, no figure, v2: references and some more calculations added, the version appears in JHEP
A Dedication
Creators: name: Farley, Anthony Paul
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Death
subject: Bereavement
subject: Memorials
subject: Law teachers
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This symposium of the Columbia Journal of Law and Race, Critical Race Theory and Marxism, is dedicated to Keith Aoki, 1955-2011. Keith died an hour after I arrived at his home in Davis, California. One hour and he was gone.
From hyperelliptic to superelliptic curves
Creators: name: Malmendier, Andreas
name: Shaska, Tony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H10, 14H37, 14H40

description: In this long survey article we show that the theory of elliptic and hyperelliptic curves can be extended naturally to all superelliptic curves. We focus on automorphism groups, stratification of the moduli space $\mathcal{M}_g$, binary forms, invariants of curves, weighted projective spaces, minimal models for superelliptic curves, field of moduli versus field of definition, theta functions, Jacobian varieties, addition law in the Jacobian, isogenies among Jacobians, etc. Many recent developments on the theory of superelliptic curves are provided as well as many open problems.
description: survey paper on hyperelliptic and superelliptic curves; 96 pages
The role of the formin gene fhod-1 in c. elegans embryonic morphogenesis
Creators: name: Vanneste, Christopher Allen
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Bibliography: p. 196-204.
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: Elongation of the C. elegans embryo from a ball of cells into the long, thin wom1 shape is a tightly controlled and rapid process (2 hr at 20°C). In order for elongation to occur, a highly organized cytoskeleton composed of actin microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments must be fom1ed throughout the epidermis of the embryo, and this must be properly attached to the critical cell-cell adherens junctions. This architecture allows the lateral epidermal cells on the left and right side on the embryo to undergo a tightly regulated and redundantly controlled smooth muscle-like actin/myosin based contraction. This contraction constricts the lateral epidem1al cells in the dorsal/ventral axis and this is transmitted throughout the epidermis, causing a four-fold lengthening in the anterior/posterior axis. Loss the cytoskeletal components or activators of contraction causes the embryo to arrest without elongation, a phenotype incompatible with survival. Loss of inhibitors of contraction or of cell adhesion components, conversely, causes the embryo to rupture during elongation, leading to death. Much of the previous work on elongation has focused on identifying regulators that control the actin-myosin contraction or components of cell adhesion/adherens junction complex. This thesis focuses on FHOD-1, the first protein described whose loss causes defects in the formation of the highly organized circumferential actin microfilament cytoskeleton, which is required for elongation. The worm genefhod-1 encodes a formin homology protein, which in other systems acts to nucleate microfilaments. Overall, l show that an isoform of FHOD-1 interacts genetically with Rho kinase/myosin phosphatase pathway (encoded by the C. elegans genes let-502and mel-11, respectively), is expressed in the lateral epidermal cells where contraction occurs and that loss offhod-1 results in impenetrant elongation arrest and disorganized actin filaments in the lateral epidermis.
title: Preliminary analysis of sediment transport capacity in the Colorado Plateau
title: Hydrology days 2003
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: AGU hydrology days 2003
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Milhous, Robert T.
name: Colorado State University, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2003

description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: 23rd annual AGU hydrology days was held on March 31 - April 2, 2003 at Colorado State University.
description: Previous investigators (Hereford et al, 2002) have postulated there have been three climate regimes in the Colorado Plateau during the 20th Century: 1905-1941, 1942-1977, and 1978-1998. Changes in the ability of four rivers in the Colorado Plateau (USA) to transport sediment were investigated using the time series of an index (STCI) of the ability of the river to transport sediment. The four rivers are the Rio Puerco near Bernardo, NM; Paria River at Lees Ferry, AZ; Sevier River at Hatch, UT; and the Little Colorado at Woodruff, AZ. The index is calibrated to measured sediment concentrations. The Sediment Transport Capacity Index (STCI) time series graphs suggest there was a change in the climate about 1941 and there is a high probability a change in the climate also occurred in 1923. The situation for the postulated change in 1977 is not clear. There does appear to be changes between the dry 1942-1977 period and the wet 1978-1998 period but these are not the same in each of the four rivers. The STCI time series for the Sevier River had the expected pattern because the STCI increased nearly to the pre-1942 values from lower 1942-1977 values. The average STCI for the Little Colorado River increased but not nearly as much as suggested by the change in precipitation. The STCI for the Paria River essentially did not change. The real difference between expected change based on the change in precipitation, and the changes in the other three rivers, is the change in the time series of STCI for the Rio Puerco. The STCI of the Rio Puerco decreased significantly between the 1942-1997 period and the 1978-1998 period.
Extracting Three-Dimensional Orientation and Tractography of Myofibers Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Creators: name: Gan, Yu
name: Fleming, Christine P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cytology
subject: Diagnostic imaging
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Abnormal changes in orientation of myofibers are associated with various cardiac diseases such as arrhythmia, irregular contraction, and cardiomyopathy. To extract fiber information, we present a method of quantifying fiber orientation and reconstructing three-dimensional tractography of myofibers using optical coherence tomography (OCT). A gradient based algorithm was developed to quantify fiber orientation in three dimensions and particle filtering technique was employed to track myofibers. Prior to image processing, three-dimensional image data set were acquired from all cardiac chambers and ventricular septum of swine hearts using OCT system without optical clearing. The algorithm was validated through rotation test and comparison with manual measurements. The experimental results demonstrate that we are able to visualize three-dimensional fiber tractography in myocardium tissues.
Riesz bases of exponentials for convex polytopes with symmetric faces
Creators: name: Debernardi, Alberto
name: Lev, Nir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B10, 42C15, 52B11, 94A20

description: We prove that for any convex polytope $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ which is centrally symmetric and whose faces of all dimensions are also centrally symmetric, there exists a Riesz basis of exponential functions in the space $L^2(Ω)$. The result is new in all dimensions $d$ greater than one.
description: To appear in Journal of the European Mathematical Society (JEMS)
The SDSS Coadd: A Galaxy Photometric Redshift Catalog
Creators: name: Reis, Ribamar R. R.
name: Soares-Santos, Marcelle
name: Annis, James
name: Dodelson, Scott
name: Hao, Jiangang
name: Johnston, David
name: Kubo, Jeffrey
name: Lin, Huan
name: Seo, Hee-Jong
name: Simet, Melanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present and describe a catalog of galaxy photometric redshifts (photo-z's) for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Coadd Data. We use the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique to calculate photo-z's and the Nearest Neighbor Error (NNE) method to estimate photo-z errors for $\sim$ 13 million objects classified as galaxies in the coadd with $r < 24.5$. The photo-z and photo-z error estimators are trained and validated on a sample of $\sim 83,000$ galaxies that have SDSS photometry and spectroscopic redshifts measured by the SDSS Data Release 7 (DR7), the Canadian Network for Observational Cosmology Field Galaxy Survey (CNOC2), the Deep Extragalactic Evolutionary Probe Data Release 3(DEEP2 DR3), the VIsible imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph - Very Large Telescope Deep Survey (VVDS) and the WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey. For the best ANN methods we have tried, we find that 68% of the galaxies in the validation set have a photo-z error smaller than $σ_{68} =0.031$. After presenting our results and quality tests, we provide a short guide for users accessing the public data.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, submitted to ApJ. Analysis updated to remove proprietary BOSS data comprising small fraction (8%) of original spectroscopic training set and erroneously included. Changes in results are small compared to the errors and the conclusions are unaffected. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0708.0030
title: Measuring patient positioning quality in clinical chest radiographs
Creators: name: Young, Stewart
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chest
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Radiographers
subject: Thorax
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Technology assessment
subject: Education and training
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Retrospective
subject: Experimental
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: This study characterizes the performance of AI-based software that measures the quality of patient positioning for chest radiographs.We compared expert (subjective) evaluation with algorithmic (objective) classification of three important aspects of...
Elementary Interactions An Approach in Decision Tool Development
Creators: name: Söbke, Heinrich
name: Lück, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is an established methodology to support decision making of multi-objective problems. For conducting a MCDA, in most cases a set of objectives (SOO) is required which consists of a hierarchical structure with objectives, criteria and indicators. The development of a SOO may require high organizational effort. This article introduces elementary interactions as a key paradigm for the development of a SOO. Elementary interactions are self-contained information requests that can be answered with little cognitive effort, which are made and processed with the help of a web platform. Each elementary interaction contributes to the stepwise development of a SOO. Based on the hypothesis that a SOO can be developed exclusively with elementary interactions, a platform concept is described. Essential components of the platform are a Model Aggregator, an Elementary Interaction Stream Generator, a Participant Manager and a Discussion Forum. The platform concept has been evaluated in a pilot study using a web-based prototype. In summary, the proposed concept demonstrates the potential to advance the development of sets of objectives for MCDA applications: (1) The platform concept does not restrict the application domain, (2) it is intended to work with little administration efforts, (3) it lowers the organizational effort for developing a SOO. (3) it supports the further development of an existing SOO in the event of significant changes in external conditions. (4) The development process of the SOO can be recorded by the platform and thus becomes retraceable. The reproducibility may have a positive effect on the spread of MCDA applications. The traceability and the use of elementary interactions make the platform appear to be a suitable medium for Citizen Science-based approaches to the development of MCDA applications.
A Probabilistic Bulk Model of Coupled Mixed Layer and Convection. Part I: Clear-Sky Case
Creators: name: Gentine, Pierre
name: Betts, Alan K.
name: Findell, Kirsten L.
name: Van Heerwaarden, Chiel C.
name: Lintner, Benjamin R.
name: Tzella, Alexandra
name: D'Andrea, Fabio
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Atmosphere
Meteorology

description: A new bulk model of the convective boundary layer, the probabilistic bulk convection model (PBCM), is presented. Unlike prior bulk approaches that have modeled the mixed-layer-top buoyancy flux as a constant fraction of the surface buoyancy flux, PBCM implements a new mixed-layer-top entrainment closure based on the mass flux of updrafts overshooting the inversion. This mass flux is related to the variability of the surface state (potential temperature θ and specific humidity q) of an ensemble of updraft plumes. The authors evaluate the model against observed clear-sky weak and strong inversion cases and show that PBCM performs well. The height, state, and timing of the boundary layer growth are accurately reproduced. Sensitivity studies are performed highlighting the role of the main parameters (surface variances, lateral entrainment). The model is weakly sensitive to the exact specification of the variability at the surface and is most sensitive to the lateral entrainment of environmental air into the rising plumes. Apart from allowing time-dependent top-of-the-boundary-layer entrainment rates expressed in terms of surface properties, which can be observed in situ, PBCM naturally takes into account the transition to the shallow convection regime, as described in a companion paper. Thus, PBCM represents an important step toward a unified framework bridging parameterizations of mixed-layer entrainment velocity in both clear-sky and moist convective boundary layers.
The telling of peace education : narratives of peace educators in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Creators: name: Minachi, Sedigheh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Telling of Peace Education documents the narratives of five peace educators who use dialogical interactions among their students to create a culture of peace within the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The overall intentions of these peace educators are to promote critical thinking, dialogue and to empower their students to make decisions for themselves. I use narrative inquiry to examine deeper understandings of people-to-people engagement of peace education at the community level. As such, I present the narratives that represent the experiences of the peace educators I interviewed for this research. In addition, my field notes document my own narrative as the researcher, traveling back and forth between Bethlehem and Jerusalem to conduct the interviews. My intention for conducting this narrative research is to learn: (a) What stories can peace educators tell us about their efforts in the context of Palestine and Israel? (b) How do they implement peace education programs in their communities? (c) What are their fears, hopes, and aspirations? (d) What challenges do they face in the development and delivery of peace education? I include a literature review of peace education in polarized societies, followed by perspectives in critical pedagogy, which frame this study. Also in the thesis, I outline historical aspects of the conflict, crucial to understanding the existing conflict, and in the end, improving relations between Palestinians and Israelis. Finally, I provide a literature review of youth involvement in political violence in the Middle East in which I analyze the ideology of political Islam and its impact on youth. In addition to presenting the full narratives of the peace educators, I discuss several themes that emerged across the interviews which include self and other, occupier and occupied, the impact of suicide missions on the Israeli public, reconstructing of textbooks and support for a two-state solution. I further postulate dichotomized relationships between the two highly polarized nations, as well as analyze how peace educators challenge this current conflict situation in ways that shape/transform the recognition of the other in light of the existence of the separation wall, and Israel’s “no return policy.”
Segregation in Social Networks Based on Acquaintanceship and Trust
Creators: name: DiPrete, Thomas A.
name: Gelman, Andrew E.
name: McCormick, Tyler
name: Teitler, Julien O.
name: Zheng, Tian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Using 2006 General Social Survey data, the authors compare levels of segregation by race and along other dimensions of potential social cleavage in the contemporary United States. Americans are not as isolated as the most extreme recent estimates suggest. However, hopes that “bridging” social capital is more common in broader acquaintanceship networks than in core networks are not supported. Instead, the entire acquaintanceship network is perceived by Americans to be about as segregated as the much smaller network of close ties. People do not always know the religiosity, political ideology, family behaviors, or socioeconomic status of their acquaintances, but perceived social divisions on these dimensions are high, sometimes rivaling racial segregation in acquaintanceship networks. The major challenge to social integration today comes from the tendency of many Americans to isolate themselves from others who differ on race, political ideology, level of religiosity, and other salient aspects of social identity.
title: "Chameleonic" findings of pulmonary NTM infection in patients with or without comorbid diseases
Creators: name: Kim, Dowoo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Not applicable
subject: Infection
subject: Education
subject: CT
subject: Thorax
subject: Respiratory system
subject: Chest

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: 1. To review the common characteristic presentations of nontuberculous mycobacteria(NTM) infection. 2. To describe the various atypical image findings of pulmonary NTM infection 3. To share tips and tricks for diagnosis from a case-based review of...
Conservation Biology and Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Integrating Academic Disciplines for Better Conservation Practice
Creators: name: Drew, Joshua Adam
name: Henne, Adam P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Conservation biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Conservation biology and environmental anthropology are disciplines that are both concerned with the identification and preservation of diversity, in one case biological and in the other cultural. Both conservation biology and the study of traditional ecoloigcal knowledge function at the nexus of the social and natural worlds, yet historically there have been major impediments to integrating the two. Here we identify linguistic, cultural, and epistemological barriers between the two disciplines. We argue that the two disciplines are uniquely positioned to inform each other and to provide critical insights and new perspectives on the way these sciences are practiced. We conclude by synthesizing common themes found in conservation success stories, and by making several suggestions on integration. These include cross-disciplinary publication, expanding memberships in professional societies and conducting multidisciplinary research based on similar interests in ecological process, taxonomy, or geography. Finally, we argue that extinction threats, be they biological or cultural/linguistic are imminent, and that by bringing these disciplines together we may be able to forge synergistic conservation programs capable of protecting the vivid splendor of life on Earth.
How gravity and size affect the acceleration statistics of bubbles in turbulence
Creators: name: Prakash, Vivek N.
name: Tagawa, Yoshiyuki
name: Calzavarini, Enrico
name: Mercado, Julian Martinez
name: Toschi, Federico
name: Lohse, Detlef
name: Sun, Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results from the first systematic Lagrangian experimental investigation in the regime of very light (air bubbles in water) and large particles (D/η >> 1) in turbulence. Using a traversing camera setup and particle tracking, we study the Lagrangian acceleration statistics of ~3 mm diameter (D) bubbles in a water tunnel with nearly homogeneous and isotropic turbulence generated by an active-grid. The Reynolds number (Re_λ) is varied from 145 to 230, resulting in size ratios, D/η in the range of 7.3--12.5, where η is the Kolmogorov length scale. The experiments reveal that gravity increases the acceleration variance and reduces the intermittency of the PDF in the vertical direction. Once the gravity offset is subtracted, the variances of both the horizontal and vertical acceleration components are about 5\pm2 times larger than the one measured in the same flow for fluid tracers. Moreover, for these light particles, the experimental acceleration PDF shows a substantial reduction in intermittency at growing size ratios, in contrast to neutrally buoyant or heavy particles. All these results are closely matched by numerical simulations of finite-size bubbles with the Faxén corrections.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
title: Analysis of short-time single-ring infiltration under falling-head conditions with gravitational effects
title: Hydrology days 2003
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: AGU hydrology days 2003
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Angulo-Jaramillo, Rafael
name: Elrick, David
name: Parlange, J.-Yves
name: Gérard-Marchant, Pierre
name: Haverkamp, Randel
name: Colorado State University, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2003

description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: 23rd annual AGU hydrology days was held on March 31 - April 2, 2003 at Colorado State University.
description: Analytical solutions of the flow equation for infiltration offer an interesting tool for the hydrodynamic characterization of non-saturated soils by optimization of the hydraulic conductivity, Kfs, and the capillary sorptivity, So. However, the experimental conditions have to satisfy the governing assumptions. For falling head infiltration tests the initial water height, Ho, is a third unknown parameter that has to be optimized. For the short0time, the classic solution expresses the depth of water infiltrated as a function of time as a term that depends only on the sorptivity. This, however, neglects gravitational effects. We improved the falling head infiltration problem, after a period of constant head infiltration, for the case of rigid materials without any assumptions for a particular hydraulic conductivity relationship and taking into account gravity effects. A comparison of two solutions, i.e., the equation of one and two terms, was made using the results of falling head infiltration tests. Neglecting the effects of gravity in the infiltration equation leads to an overestimation of the hydrodynamic parameters, Ho and So, and a concomitant underestimation of Kfs compared to our improved solution developed here. Consequently, the depth of ponded water predicted by the one term infiltration equation is higher than that calculated by the improved two term solution. Unfortunately, the actual depth of water infiltrated into the soil cannot be independently verified. To accomplish this, it is recommended that future studies include a measure of the change in stored soil water content at the test site, or a continuous measure of the variation in soil water content by a non-destructive method.
Existence of solutions to a phase-field model of dynamic fracture with a crack-dependent dissipation
Creators: name: Caponi, Maicol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35L53, 35Q74, 49J40, 74R10

description: We propose a phase-field model of dynamic fracture based on the Ambrosio--Tortorelli's approximation, which takes into account dissipative effects due to the speed of the crack tips. By adapting the time discretization scheme contained in [C.J. Larsen, C. Ortner, and E. Süli, Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci. (2010)], we show the existence of a dynamic crack evolution satisfying an energy-dissipation balance, according to Griffith's criterion. Finally, we analyze the dynamic phase-field model of [B. Bourdin, C.J. Larsen, and C.L. Richardson, Int. J. Fracture (2011)] and [C.J. Larsen, IUTAM Symposium on Variational Concepts with Applications to the Mechanics of Materials (2010)] with no dissipative terms.
Eighteenth-Century Matrimonial Strategies and Emigration to the Americas: The House of Berrio in La Bastide Clairence
Creators: name: Force, Pierre
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013

description: Prior to the massive wave of emigration to South America during the nineteenth century, inhabitants of rural communities in the western French Pyrenees emigrated in large numbers to Saint-Domingue and other Caribbean islands. This article examines the connections between migratory movements and the organization of these communities into “house societies” (Lévi-Strauss) in which the continuation of the “house” was paramount and no new “houses” could be founded. Adopting a micro-historical approach, it analyzes the complex role of inheritance rights in the decision to emigrate and reconstructs the networks that made emigration possible. Unlike the traditional belief that sons were forced to leave because they were deprived of their share of inheritance, the family unit fully supported the emigration of its younger members. This article also argues that emigration simultaneously resulted from and undermined the “house system.”
Delta splendidum
Creators: name: Madl, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Masaridae
Delta
Delta splendidum

description: Delta sp.
Eumenes caffra (A LINNE, 1767): WALKER 1871a: 29 (Tadjoura).
Eumenes caffra (A LINNE, 1767): INNES BEY 1911: 102 (Tadjoura, cat. Lord Collection).
Eumenes caffer caffer (A LINNE, 1767): BEQUAERT 1918: 10 (tax. as E. caffer), 24 (biogeogr. as E. caffer), 55 (biol.), 65 (tax. as E. caffer), 69 (tax., descr. ♂ ♀ as as E. caffer), 71 (fig. 56: map as E. caffer), 71 (key), 72 (tax., descr. ♂ ♀), 275 (cat. Afr. reg.)
Delta caffrum (A LINNE, 1767): CARPENTER, GUSENLEITNER & MADL 2010a: 97-98 (cat. Afr. reg.).
Delta caffrum (A LINNE, 1767): GUSENLEITNER & MADL 2016: 93 (cat. Djibouti).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Tadjoura.
This record is probably a misidentification of Delta lepeletierii (DE SAUSSURE, 1852) (GUSENLEITNER & MADL 2016: 93), which is also recorded from Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia and Yemen (mainland, Socotra).
description: Published as part of Madl, Michael, 2018, A preliminary catalogue of the Hymenoptera (Insecta) of the Republic of Djibouti, pp. 907-967 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 929, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3776452
title: Neuroimaging shedding light to gray matter density changes in bipolar disorder patients in euthymia
Creators: name: ARGYROPOULOS, GEORGE
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Prospective
subject: Pathology
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Neuro

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the most serious causes of disability and mortality worldwide and is characterized by high heritability [1,2,3]. Three decades of neuroimaging studies have shown that BD is associated with brain anatomical changes,...
Upgrading Athabasca bitumen using submicronic niwmo catalysts at conditions near to in-reservoir operation
Creators: name: Galarraga, Carmen Elena
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Bibliography: p. 227-250
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: The increasing demand for superior conversion of heavy oils and bitumen to generate high quality petroleum products requires that more efficient upgrading technologies, processes and catalysts be improved. Dispersed catalysts to enhance catalytic activity by increasing the available surface area for reaction can be implemented for in-situ upgrading where these catalysts could navigate along with the oil being produced with increased reaction time. This thesis relates to NiWMo sub-micrometric catalysts based on emulsified metallic aqueous solutions that are tested for the hydrocracking activity in the processing of Athabasca bitumen. Experiments were performed in a batch autoclave reactor of 100 ml capacity, at a total hydrogen pressure of 3.45 MPa, temperatures from 320 up to 380 °C, stirring speed of 500 rpm and reaction times varying from 3 to 70 hours. Feedstock and products were characterized using standard analytical techniques to evaluate conversion of the bitumen and product quality by assessing, viscosity, microcarbon residue, sulfur content as well as incorporation of hydrogen, among others. Main results indicated that the submicronic catalysts enhance the upgrading of Athabasca bitumen by effectively hydrogenating the liquid product thus helping to reduce coke formation and to improve viscosity and API gravity. The core reaction mechanism is thermal cracking with hydrogen superimposed following a reaction order, n= 1, and an apparent activation energy of 200 kJ mol-1 . A lumped kinetic model was produced, which can be combined with a viscosity-conversion empirical correlation and serves to predict residue conversion, product distribution, and quality of the upgraded material. Main catalyst characterization was achieved by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). While SEM served to study the morphology and size of the catalytic particles; XRD was complementary to provide evidence that the catalysts are mainly composites of M0S2, WS2, Mo02 and Nb S2. By incorporating sand, to create conditions near to in-reservoir operation; the catalytic particles are better dispersed keeping a nanometric size , which consequently boosts activity at the same operating conditions.
Two-Dimensional Extended Homotopy Field Theories
Creators: name: Sozer, Kursat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R56

description: We give another definition of two-dimensional extended homotopy field theories (E-HFTs) with aspherical targets and classify them. When the target of E-HFT is chosen to be a $K(G,1)$-space, we classify E-HFTs taking values in the symmetric monoidal bicategory of algebras, bimodules, and bimodule maps by certain Frobenius $G$-algebras called quasi-biangular $G$-algebras. As an application, for any discrete group $G$, we verify a special case of the $(G \times SO(2))$-structured cobordism hypothesis due to Lurie.
description: Version 2 with 61 pages and 36 figures; the organization of the sections is changed and the arguments are improved in light of the referee's comments and suggestions. To appear in Algebraic & Geometry Topology
title: MR perfusion Cerebral Blood Volume disturbances after craniotomy
Creators: name: Brzeska, Beata
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuro
subject: CNS
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Aneurysms
subject: Retrospective
subject: Observational
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Craniotomy is an invasive procedure in which access to the intracranial structures is provided by the temporary removal of a bone flap. Despite the risk of complications, craniotomy is often required for the surgical treatment of a variety of brain...
Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class for the critical dynamics of reaction-diffusion fronts
Creators: name: Barreales, B. G.
name: Melendez, J. J.
name: Cuerno, R.
name: Ruiz-Lorenzo, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied front dynamics for the discrete $A+A \leftrightarrow A$ reaction-diffusion system, which in the continuum is described by the (stochastic) Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piscunov equation. We have revisited this discrete model in two space dimensions by means of extensive numerical simulations and an improved analysis of the time evolution of the interface separating the stable and unstable phases. In particular, we have measured the full set of critical exponents which characterize the spatio-temporal fluctuations of such front for different lattice sizes, focusing mainly in the front width and correlation length. These exponents are in very good agreement with those computed in [E. Moro, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 238303 (2001)] and correspond to those of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class for one-dimensional interfaces. Furthermore, we have studied the one-point statistics and the covariance of rescaled front fluctuations, which had remained thus far unexplored in the literature and allows for a further stringent test of KPZ universality.
description: 19 pages and 9 figures
Spontaneous Crystallization And Filamentation Of Solitons In Dipolar Condensates
Creators: name: Łakomy, Kazimierz
name: Nath, Rejish
name: Santos, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inter-site interactions play a crucial role in polar gases in optical lattices even in the absence of hopping. We show that due to these long-range interactions a destabilized stack of quasi-one dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates develops a correlated modulational instability in the non-overlapping sites. Interestingly, this density pattern may evolve spontaneously into soliton filaments or a crystal of solitons that can be so created for the first time in ultra-cold gases. These self-assembled structures may be observed under realistic conditions within current experimental feasibilities.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures