title: ÐÐ½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð¿ÑÑÐµÐ¹ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÑÐ½Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ´Ð°Ñ 110 ÐºÐ Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐ±Ð¾Ñ ÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ² ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÑ
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Modern Transmission Lines and Protective Relays in Electrical Power Engineering
Creators: name: ÐÐºÐ±Ð°ÑÐ¸, ÐÐ±Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ°Ð½
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2023
Subjects: ÐÑÐºÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÐµÐ»Ð¸ Ð°Ð²ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ
Ð­Ð»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÑÐ¸
Ð ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐ°
Ð²ÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾Ðµ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ
ÑÑ ÐµÐ¼Ð° Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÑ
Ð½ÐµÐ¸ÑÐ¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ
ÐºÐ°Ð±ÐµÐ»Ñ
Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð´ÑÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ñ
ÑÐ²ÐµÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ðº
high voltage
protection scheme
fault
cable
overhead line
overcurrent

description: ÐÐ·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ¸Ð¿Ð¾Ð² Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÑÐ¸, Ð² ÑÐ¾Ð¼ ÑÐ¸ÑÐ»Ðµ GIL, XLPE Ð¸ OHL, Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÐµÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¹, ÑÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¸ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ¶Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ñ ÑÐ¾ÑÐºÐ¸ Ð·ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¸. Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÐµÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²ÑÐ±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾, ÑÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾, Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ¶Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾, ÑÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¸ Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð°Ð½ÑÐ° Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐºÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ. ÐÐ»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐºÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²ÑÐ±Ð¸ÑÐ°ÐµÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÐ¹, ÑÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÐ¹, Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ¶Ð½ÑÐ¹, ÑÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÑÐ¹ Ð¸ Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð°Ð½Ñ. ÐÐ°ÑÐ¸ÑÐ° Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÑÐ¸ Ð¾Ñ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÐµÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð½Ð° Ð¿Ð¾ Ð½ÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð»ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¼ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ð¼: ÐÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ, Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ, Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐ° Ð¾Ð±Ð¾ÑÑÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐÐ°ÑÐ¸ÑÐ° Ð¾Ð±Ð¾ÑÑÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ, ÑÑÐ°Ð±Ð¸Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ. Ð¢Ð°ÐºÐ¸Ð¼ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð¼, Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐ° Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÑÐ¸ Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÐµÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ ÑÐ²Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð° Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÐµÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹, Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ¶Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¸ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ. ÐÐ° ÑÐ°Ð¹ÑÐµ Ð¦ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ - Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸ÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ¾Ð´ÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¸ Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÑÐ¸ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹ Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¼Ð¸ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÑÐ¸. Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹ Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¼Ð¸ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÑÐ¸. Ð Ð°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÐ°ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ¸Ð½ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð³ÑÑÐ·Ð¾Ðº Ðº ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÐ¸ Ð½Ð° ÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð½Ðµ ÐÐ (Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ 110 ÐºÐ). ÐÐ Ð£Ð­ Ð¸ ÐÐÐ¡ - Ð´Ð²Ð° ÑÐ¸Ð¿Ð° ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¸Ð¹, Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·ÑÐµÐ¼ÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÑÐ¸ Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÐ¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ð¸. Ð§ÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐ±Ð¾ÑÐ° ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¸Ð¸, Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾ ÑÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ²Ð°ÑÑ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐ°ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐµÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ ÑÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ²Ð°ÑÑ. Ð¡ÑÑÐµÑÑÐ²ÑÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð»ÑÐºÐ¾ ÑÐ¸Ð¿Ð¾Ð² Ð½ÐµÐ¸ÑÐ¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹, ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ½ÑÑÑ Ð² Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÑÐ¸. ÐÐ¸Ð»Ð¾Ñ Ð ÐµÐ»Ðµ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÑ Ð²ÑÐ±Ð¸ÑÐ°ÐµÑÑÑ Ð² ÐºÐ°ÑÐµÑÑÐ²Ðµ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÑ, Ð° ÑÐµÐ·ÐµÑÐ²Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐ° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÐµÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð° Ð ÐµÐ·ÐµÑÐ²Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐ° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÐµÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð° Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾Ð²ÑÑ ÑÐµÐ»Ðµ. ÐÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½ÐµÐ¹ÑÐ¸Ðµ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ÑÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐµ Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ Ð¸ Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¹ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÑ ÐÐ­Ð, ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº ÑÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÑÑÐµÐ½ÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð°Ð»Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¼Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÐµÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¸ Ð¸Ð½ÑÐµÐ»Ð»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÐµÐ»Ðµ.
description: Studying different types of transmission lines, including GIL, XLPE, and OHL, is important to ensure that the most efficient, cost-effective, reliable, environmentally friendly, safe option is chosen for each specific application. Protecting transmission lines from different faults is important for several reasons: Safety, Reliability, Equipment protection, System stability. Therefore, protecting transmission lines from faults is essential to ensuring the safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the power system. The aim of the study is to provide the most suitable design for substations and transmission lines for defined customers with transmission lines. The different busbar layouts to connect loads to the power grid at the HV level (more than 110kV). GIS and AIS are two types of electrical substations used for power transmission and distribution. To compare and select different components of the substation, the electrical characteristics should be considered. There are several types of faults that can occur in a transmission line. Pilot protection relays is chosen as a primary protection and backup protection can also be provided using Directional over current relays. Further research could focus on the development of new and innovative technologies for transmission line protection, such as advanced fault detection algorithms and intelligent protective relays.