cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Does Arbitration Blossom when State Courts are Bad?
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Voigt, Stefan
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: Quality of Justice
Alternative Dispute Revolution
Judicial Independence
Economics
Wirtschaft
Private Provision of Public Goods.
Corruption

description: It is often conjectured that non-state dispute resolution blossoms when
state courts are not independent or are perceived as low-quality courts.
This conjecture implies a substitutive relationship between state and nonstate
dispute resolution. An alternative hypothesis argues that both the
quality and the frequency of use of these two alternative mechanisms are
complementary: societies with high-quality state courts would also be able
to provide high-quality non-state dispute resolution. This is the first study
that puts these hypotheses to an empirical test. It turns out that the lower
the perceived quality of state courts, the less frequently conflicting firms
resort to them. Second, firms in common-law countries turn away from
state courts significantly more often than firms in civil-law countries. This
result sheds doubt on the robustness of results generated within the legal
traditions literature. Finally, in states that have created the preconditions
for arbitration, businesspeople resort significantly more often to state
courts. We interpret this as evidence in favor of the complementarity
hypothesis.
Which picker fits my data? A quantitative evaluation of deep learning based seismic pickers
Creators: name: Münchmeyer, Jannes
name: Woollam, Jack
name: Rietbrock, Andreas
name: Tilmann, Frederik
name: Lange, Dietrich
name: Bornstein, Thomas
name: Diehl, Tobias
name: Giunchi, Carlo
name: Haslinger, Florian
name: Jozinović, Dario
name: Michelini, Alberto
name: Saul, Joachim
name: Soto, Hugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Seismic event detection and phase picking are the base of many seismological workflows. In recent years, several publications demonstrated that deep learning approaches significantly outperform classical approaches and even achieve human-like performance under certain circumstances. However, as most studies differ in the datasets and exact evaluation tasks studied, it is yet unclear how the different approaches compare to each other. Furthermore, there are no systematic studies how the models perform in a cross-domain scenario, i.e., when applied to data with different characteristics. Here, we address these questions by conducting a large-scale benchmark study. We compare six previously published deep learning models on eight datasets covering local to teleseismic distances and on three tasks: event detection, phase identification and onset time picking. Furthermore, we compare the results to a classical Baer-Kradolfer picker. Overall, we observe the best performance for EQTransformer, GPD and PhaseNet, with EQTransformer having a small advantage for teleseismic data. Furthermore, we conduct a cross-domain study, in which we analyze model performance on datasets they were not trained on. We show that trained models can be transferred between regions with only mild performance degradation, but not from regional to teleseismic data or vice versa. As deep learning for detection and picking is a rapidly evolving field, we ensured extensibility of our benchmark by building our code on standardized frameworks and making it openly accessible. This allows model developers to easily compare new models or evaluate performance on new datasets, beyond those presented here. Furthermore, we make all trained models available through the SeisBench framework, giving end-users an easy way to apply these models in seismological analysis.
description: 17 pages main text, 24 pages supplement
title: Horizontal Mergers, Involuntary Unemployment, and Welfare
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Budzinski, Oliver
name: Kretschmer, Jürgen-Peter
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: involuntary unemployment
Economics
Wirtschaft
horizontal mergers
efficiency defense
oligopoly, competition

description: Standard welfare analysis of horizontal mergers usually refers to two effects: the
anticompetitive market power effect reduces welfare by enabling firms to charge prices above
marginal costs, whereas the procompetitive efficiency effect increases welfare by reducing the
costs of production (synergies). However, demand-side effects of synergies are usually
neglected. We introduce them into a standard oligopoly model of horizontal merger by
assuming an (empirically supported) decrease in labour demand due to merger-specific
synergies and derive welfare effects. We find that efficiency benefits from horizontal mergers
are substantially decreased, if involuntary unemployment exists. However, in full employment
economies, demand-side effects remain negligible. Eventually, policy conclusions for merger
control are discussed.
Lensing, reddening and extinction effects of MgII absorbers from z=0.4 to z=2
Creators: name: Ménard, Brice
name: Nestor, Daniel
name: Turnshek, David
name: Quider, Anna
name: Richards, Gordon
name: Chelouche, Doron
name: Rao, Sandhya
name: ;
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a sample of almost 7000 strong MgII absorbers with 0.4 < z < 2.2 detected in the SDSS DR4 dataset, we investigate the gravitational lensing and dust extinction effects they induce on background quasars. After carefully quantifying several selection biases, we isolate the reddening effects as a function of redshift and absorber rest equivalent width, W_0. We find the amount of dust to increase with cosmic time as (1+z)^(-1.1 +/- 0.4), following the evolution of cosmic star density or integrated star formation rate. We measure the reddening effects over a factor 30 in E(B-V) and we find the dust column density to be proportional to W_0^(1.9 +/- 0.2), which provides an important scaling for theoretical modeling of metal absorbers. We also measure the dust-to-metals ratio and find it similar to that of the Milky Way. In contrast to previous studies, we do not detect any gravitational magnification by MgII systems. We measure the upper limit μ<1.10 and discuss the origin of the discrepancy. Finally, we estimate the fraction of absorbers missed due to extinction effects and show that it rises from 1 to 50% in the range 1
description: Submitted
Rotation and Lithium Confirmation of a 500 Parsec Halo for the Open Cluster NGC 2516
Creators: name: Bouma, L. G.
name: Curtis, J. L.
name: Hartman, J. D.
name: Winn, J. N.
name: Bakos, G. Á.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent analyses of the Gaia data have identified diffuse stellar populations surrounding nearby open clusters. It is important to verify that these "halos", "tails", and "strings" are of similar ages and compositions as stars in the denser part of the cluster. We present an analysis of NGC 2516 ($\approx$150 Myr), which has a classical tidal radius of 10 pc and an apparent halo of stars spanning 500 pc ($20^\circ$ on-sky). Combining photometry from Gaia, rotation periods from TESS, and lithium measurements from Gaia-ESO and GALAH, we find that the halo of NGC 2516 is the same age as the cluster's core. Two thirds of kinematically selected halo members out to 250 pc from the cluster center have rotation periods consistent with a gyrochronological age of 150 Myr. A comparison sample of field stars shows no such trend. The lithium abundances of stars in the halo are higher than in the field, and are correlated with the stellar rotation rate and binarity fraction, as has been noted in other young open clusters. Broadly speaking, this work supports a new paradigm wherein the halos of open clusters are often more populous than their cores. We highlight implications for spectroscopic survey targeting, open cluster dispersal, and planet searches around young stars.
description: AJ accepted
title: Domestic or U.S. News: What Drives Canadian Financial Markets?
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Hayo, Bernd
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: Central Bank Communication
Monetary Policy
Macroeconomic News
Economics
Wirtschaft
Bank of Canada
Federal Reserve Bank, Financial Markets

description: Using a GARCH model, we study the effects of Canadian and U.S. central bank
communication and macroeconomic news on Canadian bond, stock, and foreign exchange
market returns and volatility. First, central bank communication and macro news from both
countries have an impact on Canadian financial markets. Second, Canadian central bank
communication is more relevant than its U.S. counterpart, whereas in the case of macro news,
that originating from the United States dominates. Third, we find evidence that the impact of
Canadian news reaches its maximum when the Canadian target rate departs from the Federal
Funds target rate (2002–2004) and thereafter. The introduction of fixed announcement dates
(FAD) initially does not cause a noticeable break in the data. Finally, Canadian and U.S.
target rate changes lead to higher price volatility, and so does other U.S. news. Other
Canadian news, however, lowers price volatility.
title: Contracting still matters! Or: How to design a letter of intent
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Korn, Evelyn
name: Meisenzahl, Stephan
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft

description: Any cooperation that profits from relation-specific investments suf-
fers from the well-known hold-up problem. If investments are not
enforceable by an outside authority, the gains fall prey to individual
opportunism caused by a free-rider problem. If, in addition, individ-
ual investments exhibit positive cross effects, Che and Hausch (1999)
provide a negative result and show that contracts cannot overcome the
hold up due to a lack of verifiable commitment. This paper develops a
mechanism that provides such a commitment device: (1) It introduces
an acknowledgement game that procures reliable. (2) It embeds the
original contracting problem into two institutional designs - a market
based one and a private design - that support enforcement. These
two devices reestablish efficient investments as enforceable results of
a contract.
title: K-Funktionen als Instrument zur Analyse räumlicher (De-)Konzentrationsprozesse
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Eckey, Hans-Friedrich
name: Kosfeld, Reinhold
name: Werner, Alexander
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft

description: Zur Messung räumlicher Konzentration ökonomischer Aktivitäten stehen verschiedene
Verfahren zur Verfügung. Nachstehend wird mit den distanzbasierten uni- und bivariaten KFunktionen
eine neue Methode vorgestellt, die Vorteile gegenüber den herkömmlichen, auf
regionaler Abgrenzung basierenden Verfahren aufweist. Mit Hilfe der univariaten KFunktionen
wird die Clusterung innerhalb der Sektoren im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe in
Deutschland untersucht. Mit bivariaten K-Funktionen werden gegenseitige Abhängigkeiten
bei der Clusterung dieser Sektoren untersucht.
title: Taxation, Corruption and the Exchange Rate Regime
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Hefeker, Carsten
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: Exchange Rate Regime
Seigniorage
Fiscal Pol- icy
Developing and Transition Countries.
Economics
Wirtschaft
Monetary Policy
Corruption

description: The paper analyzes the relation between institutional quality, such
as corruption, in a country and its monetary regime. It is shown
that a credibly fixed exchange rate to a low inflation country, like a
currency board, can reduce corruption and improve the fiscal system.
A monetary union, however, has ambiguous effects. I find that that
there is convergence between countries with regard to the level of
corruption.
title: Livelihood and Care of the Elderly: Determinants of Public Attitudes in Japan
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Hayo, Bernd
name: Ono, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: care of elderly
aging societies
Livelihood of elderly
Economics
Wirtschaft
Japan
public attitudes

description: This study analyses public attitudes towards the degree of government involvement in ensuring the
livelihood and care of the elderly in Japan. Using four waves of individual-level annual data from the
Japanese General Social Survey collected over the period 2000-2005, we estimate ordered logit
models with various explanatory variables based on the socio-demographic, economic, political, and
social background of the respondents. Many significant factors are common for both livelihood and
care specifications, their effects being qualitatively the same and in line with our prior expectations.
The estimation results also show positive coefficients of year intercept dummies, implying an increase
in support of a government-based system over time. Further investigation shows that this trend is
caused by those who favour government redistribution policies becoming increasingly more consistent
in their support for a government-based social security system in Japan.
title: Uncertainty and fiscal policy in an asymmetric monetary union
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Hefeker, Carsten
name: Zimmer, Blandine
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: fiscal policy
Economics
Wirtschaft
asymmetries.
transparency of monetary policy,
Monetary union

description: We examine monetary and fiscal interactions in a monetary union
model with uncertainty due to imperfect central bank transparency. It is
first shown that monetary uncertainty discourages excessive taxation and
may thus reduce average inflation and output distortions. However, as countries
enter the monetary union, this tax-restraining effect of uncertainty is
mitigated. The monetary union may hence lead to higher fiscal distortions in
some member countries, depending on governments’ spending targets and on
the change in the degree of uncertainty implied by common monetary policy.
Long-Range Vector Models at Large N
Creators: name: Chai, Noam
name: Goykhman, Mikhail
name: Sinha, Ritam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate various CFT data for the $O(N)$ vector model with the long-range interaction, working at the next-to-leading order in the $1/N$ expansion. Our results provide additional evidence for the existence of conformal symmetry at the long-range fixed point, as well as the continuity of the CFT data at the long-range to short-range crossover point $s_\star$ of the exponent parameter $s$. We also develop the $N>1$ generalization of the recently proposed IR duality between the long-range and the deformed short-range models, providing further evidence for its non-perturbative validity in the entire region $d/2
description: 44 pages
Νεόφυτος Βάμβας: Βίος και έργα
Creators: name: Παπαδημητρίου, Ευλογία Νικολάου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2025
Subjects: Νεόφυτος Βάμβας
Αγία Γραφή
Καθηγητής
Neophytos Vamvas
Holy Bible
Professor

description: Ο σκοπός της παρούσας μεταπτυχιακής διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η διερεύνηση των πτυχών του βίου του Νεόφυτου Βάμβα, της συμβολής του στο ελληνικό έθνος και την ελληνική επανάσταση του 1821 γενικότερα, καθώς και η εξέταση του συγγραφικού του έργου, όπου μεταξύ άλλων είναι και η μετάφραση της Αγίας Γραφής, η οποία προκάλεσε διάφορες αντιδράσεις.
description: The purpose of this master’s thesis is to examine the life of Neophytos Vamvas, the Enlightenment scholar, whose contribution to the Greek Revolution of 1821 and his participation to the establishment of the modern Greek state’s institutions it’s valuable. His attempt to translate the Holy Bible, caused various reactions.
title: Forecasting Russian Foreign Trade Comparative Advantages in the Context of a Potential WTO Accession
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Savin, Ivan
name: Winker, Peter
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: econ- omy in transition
Lafay index.
Balassa index
comparative advantage
competitive advantage
Economics
Wirtschaft

description: This paper proposes a new approach of forecasting \prospective" comparative advantages based on relative prices differences between countries in the context of economic liberalization. An empirical analysis based on the example of Central and East European countries that
have already passed the transition period from specialization mainly in natural resource- and labor-intensive goods to "high-tech" goods confirms a significant influence of our \prospective" advantages on comparative advantages dynamics. Using this method we identify a set of industries in Russia that seem to be most promising for formation of comparative advantages in the context of its economic liberalization and joining the WTO agreements. These industries include high and medium technological industries like machinery building, pharmaceutical products, railway transport, electronic and medical equipment.
Unification of the phonon mode behaviour in semiconductor alloys: Theory and ab initio calculations
Creators: name: Pages, O.
name: Postnikov, A. V.
name: Kassem, M.
name: Chafi, A.
name: Nassour, A.
name: Doyen, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate how to overcome serious problems in understanding and classification of vibration spectra in semiconductor alloys, following from traditional use of the virtual crystal approximation (VCA). We show that such different systems as InGaAs (1-bond->1-mode behavior), InGaP (modified 2-mode) and ZnTeSe (2-bond->1-mode) obey in fact the same phonon mode behavior - hence probably a universal one - of a percolation-type (1-bond->2-mode). The change of paradigm from the `VCA insight' (an averaged microscopic one) to the `percolation insight' (a mesoscopic one) offers a promising link towards the understanding of alloy disorder. The discussion is supported by ab initio simulation of the phonon density of states at the zone-center of representative supercells at intermediary composition (ZnTeSe) and at the impurity-dilute limits (all systems). In particular, we propose a simple ab initio `protocol' to estimate the basic input parameters of our semi-empirical `percolation' model for the calculation of the 1-bond->2-mode vibration spectra of zincblende alloys. With this, the model turns self-sufficient.
description: updated and extended form, to be published in Phys.Rev.B
Two steps forward and one step sideways: the propagation of relativistic jets in realistic binary neutron star merger ejecta
Creators: name: Lazzati, Davide
name: Perna, Rosalba
name: Ciolfi, Riccardo
name: Giacomazzo, Bruno
name: Lopez-Camara, Diego
name: Morsony, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The association of GRB170817A with GW170817 has confirmed the long-standing hypothesis that binary neutron star (BNS) mergers are the progenitors of at least some short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs). This connection has ushered in an era in which broadband observations of SGRBs, together with measurements of the time delay between the gravitational waves and the electromagnetic radiation, allow to probe the properties of the emitting outflow and its engine to an unprecedented detail. Since the structure of the radiating outflow is molded by the interaction of a relativistic jet with the binary ejecta, it is of paramount importance to study the system in a realistic setting. Here we present a three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation of a relativistic jet propagating in the ejecta of a BNS merger, which were computed with a general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulation. We find that the jet's centroid oscillates around the axis of the system, due to inhomogeneities encountered in the propagation. These oscillations allow the jet to find the path of least resistance and travel faster than an identical jet in smooth ejecta. In our setup the breakout time is ~0.6 sec, comparable to the expected central engine duration in SGRBs and possibly a non-negligible fraction of the total delay between the gravitational and gamma-ray signals. Our simulation also shows that energy is carried in roughly equal amounts by the jet and by the cocoon, and that about 20 per cent of the injected energy is transferred to the ejecta via mechanical work.
description: Under review for publication in ApJL
title: Labor Market Regulation and the Legal System
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Hefeker, Carsten
name: Neugart, Michael
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: unemployment
labor courts
Economics
Wirtschaft
uncertainty
labor market regulation

description: When enacting labor market regulation governments face courts
that interpret and implement the legal code. We show that the incentives
for governments for labor market reform increase with the uncertainty
that is involved in the implementation of legal codes through
courts. Given that judges have more discretion in common as opposed
to civil law systems more reform activity as a response to crises should
be observed in the former system. This �nding is backed by evidence
from a panel of OECD countries.
Toughness and strength of Cordierite glass ceramic-Silicon Nitride whisker composites
Creators: name: Cook, Robert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: fracture
indentation
whisker composite
toughness
strength

description: The toughness and strength of a series of glass ceramic-whisker composites are investigated in an extensive series of indentation fracture based tests. The tests include measurements of hardness from indentation deformation, measurements of relative toughness in air from indentation crack lengths and in situ measurements of crack extension in stressed specimens, and measurements of toughness and assessments of flaw size from inert indentation- and intrinsic-strength tests. The extensive tests illustrate the power of indentation techniques to evaluate the fracture properties of structural ceramics at small length scales. In the case here, whisker addition led to significant increases in composite toughness, from 1.4 MPa m1/2 to 2.6 MPa m1/2, and increases in intrinsic flaw size, such that composite strength remained invariant at approximately 250 MPa.
Unveiling the star formation history of the Upper Scorpius association through its kinematics
Creators: name: Squicciarini, Vito
name: Gratton, Raffaele
name: Bonavita, Mariangela
name: Mesa, Dino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar associations can be discerned as overdensities of sources not only in the physical space but also in the velocity space. The common motion of their members, gradually eroded by the galactic tidal field, is partially reminiscent of the initial kinematic structure. Using recent data from Gaia EDR3, combined with radial velocities from GALAH and APOGEE, we traced back the present positions of stars belonging to Upper Scorpius, a subgroup of Scorpius-Centaurus, the nearest OB association. About one half of the subgroup (the "clustered" population) appears composed of many smaller entities, which were in a more compact configuration in the past. The presence of a kinematic duality is reflected into an age spread between this younger clustered population and an older diffuse population, in turn confirmed by a different fraction $f_D$ of disc-bearing stars ($f_D = 0.24\pm0.02$ vs $f_D = 0.10\pm 0.01$). Star formation in Upper Scorpius appears to have lasted more than 10 Myr and proceeded in small groups that, after a few Myr, dissolve in the field of the older population but retain for some time memory of their initial structure. The difference of ages inferred through isochrones and kinematics, in this regard, could provide a powerful tool to quantify the timescale of gas removal.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 20 pages, 15 figures
Quantum Computation with Generalized Binomial States in Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics
Creators: name: Franco, Rosario Lo
name: Compagno, Giuseppe
name: Messina, Antonino
name: Napoli, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study universal quantum computation in the cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) framework exploiting two orthonormal two-photon generalized binomial states as qubit and dispersive interactions of Rydberg atoms with high-$Q$ cavities. We show that an arbitrary qubit state may be generated and that controlled-NOT and 1-qubit rotation gates can be realized via standard atom-cavity interactions.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
High Sensitivity Array Observations of the $z = 4.4$ QSO BRI 1335-0417
Creators: name: Momjian, E.
name: Carilli, C. L.
name: Riechers, D. A.
name: Walter, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present sensitive phase-referenced VLBI results on the radio continuum emission from the $z=4.4$ QSO BRI 1335--0417. The observations were carried out at 1.4 GHz using the High Sensitivity Array (HSA). Our sensitive VLBI image at $189 \times 113$ mas ($1.25 \times 0.75$ kpc) resolution shows continuum emission in BRI 1335--0417 with a total flux density of $208 \pm 46 μ$Jy, consistent with the flux density measured with the VLA. The size of the source at FWHM is $255 \times 138$ mas ($1.7 \times 0.9$ kpc) and the derived intrinsic brightness temperature is $\sim 3.5\times 10^4$ K. No continuum emission is detected at the full VLBI resolution ($32 \times 7$ mas, $211 \times 46$ pc), with a 4$σ$ point source upper limit of 34 $μ$Jy beam$^{-1}$, or an upper limit to the intrinsic brightness temperature of $5.6\times 10^5$ K. The highest angular resolution with at least a 4.5$σ$ detection of the radio continuum emission is $53 \times 27$ mas ($0.35 \times 0.18$ kpc). At this resolution, the image shows a continuum feature in BRI 1335--0417 with a size of $64 \times 35$ mas ($0.42 \times 0.23$ kpc) at FWHM, and intrinsic brightness temperature of $\sim 2\times 10^5$ K. The extent of the observed continuum sources at 1.4 GHz and the derived brightness temperatures show that the radio emission (and thus presumably the far-infrared emission) in BRI 1335--0417 is powered by a major starburst, with a massive star formation rate of order a few thousand M_{\odot} {\rm yr}^{-1}$. Moreover, the absence of any compact high-brightness temperature source suggests that there is no radio-loud AGN in this $z=4.4$ QSO.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, AJ accepted
title: Spatial Point Pattern Analysis and Industry Concentration
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Kosfeld, Reinhold
name: Eckey, Hans-Friedrich
name: Lauridsen, Jørgen
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: dispersion
spatial point pattern analysis
Economics
Wirtschaft
Spatial concentration
clustering
K function

description: Traditional measures of spatial industry concentration are restricted to given areal
units. They do not make allowance for the fact that concentration may be differently
pronounced at various geographical levels. Methods of spatial point pattern analysis allow to
measure industry concentration at a continuum of spatial scales. While common distancebased
methods are well applicable for sub-national study areas, they become inefficient in
measuring concentration at various levels within industrial countries. This particularly applies
in testing for conditional concentration where overall manufacturing is used as a reference
population. Using Ripley’s K function approach to second-order analysis, we propose a
subsample similarity test as a feasible testing approach for establishing conditional clustering
or dispersion at different spatial scales. For measuring the extent of clustering and dispersion,
we introduce a concentration index of the style of Besag’s (1977) L function. By contrast to
Besag’s L function, the new index can be employed to measure deviations of observed from
general spatial point patterns. The K function approach is illustratively applied to measuring
and testing industry concentration in Germany.
Corrigendum: Diatom Transcriptional and Physiological Responses to Changes in Iron Bioavailability across Ocean Provinces
Creators: name: Twining, Benjamin S.
name: McNair, Heather
name: Till, Claire P.
name: Thamatrakoln, Kimberlee
name: Bruland, Kenneth W.
name: Marchetti, Adrian
name: Cohen, Natalie R.
name: Ellis, Kelsey A.
name: Kuzminov, Fedor I.
name: Maldonado, Maria T.
name: Sunda, William G.
name: Brzezinski, Mark A.
name: Lampe, Robert H.
name: Bargu, Sibel
Publisher: name: Frontiers
Year: 2018

description:
Corrigendum to: "Diatom transcriptional and physiological responses to changes in iron bioavailability across ocean provinces"
THE EFFECTS OF THE DIEL-CYCLING OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND pH ON THE EASTERN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA (GMELIN), CLEARANCE RATES AND HEMOLYMPH pH
Creators: name: Clark, Virginia M
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental science
subject: Clearance Rate
subject: Diel-cycling
subject: Filtration
subject: Hypercapnia
subject: Hypoxia
subject: Crassostrea virginica

description: Chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia affect Crassostrea virginica. Less is known about how the co-cycling of these stressors, as occurs in shallow waters worldwide, affects this filter feeder. I used laboratory experiments and age-specific models to test how diel-cycling hypoxia and hypercapnia affect algal clearance rates by C. virginica and C. virginica hemolymph pH. Clearance rates were reduced during periods of low dissolved oxygen, but older oysters compensated by clearing faster when DO returned to normoxia. Models indicated that this compensatory feeding may allow older oysters to avoid decreases in average summertime clearance rates. Low hemolymph pH has been linked to decreased immune function in marine invertebrates and low water pH decreases the hemolymph pH of oysters. My hemolymph experiment also showed that hemolymph pH decreased with decreasing water pH and indicated that oysters may begin to compensate for declining water pH at water pH values between 7.60 and 7.36.
Quantum brachistochrone problem for spin-1 in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Frydryszak, A. M.
name: Tkachuk, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum brachistochrone problem for the spin-1 system in a magnetic field of a constant absolute value. Such system gives us a possibility to examine in detail the statement of papers [A. Carlini {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 96}, 060503 (2006), D. C. Brody, D. W. Hook, J. Phys. A {\bf 39}, L167, (2006)] that {\it the state vectors realizing the evolution with the minimal time of passage evolve along the subspace spanned by the initial and final state vectors.} Using explicit example we show the existence of quantum brachistochrone with minimal possible time, but the state vector of which, during the evolution {\em leaves} the subspace spanned by the initial and final state vectors. This is the result of the choice of more constrained Hamiltonian then assumed in the general quantum brachistochrone problem, but what is worth noting, despite that such evolution is more complicated it is still time optimal. This might be important for experiment, where general Hamiltonian with the all allowed parameters is difficult to implement, but constrained one depending on magnetic field can be realized. However for pre-constrained Hamiltonian not all final states are accessible. Present result does not contradict general statement of the quantum brachistochrone problem, but gives new insight how time optimal passage can be realized.
description: 7 pages, no figures
Renormalizable Models of Flavor-Specific Scalars
Creators: name: Batell, Brian
name: Freitas, Ayres
name: Ismail, Ahmed
name: McKeen, David
name: Rai, Mudit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New light singlet scalars with flavor-specific couplings represent a phenomenologically distinctive and flavor-safe alternative to the well-studied possibility of Higgs-portal scalars. However, in contrast to the Higgs portal, flavor-specific couplings require an ultraviolet completion involving new heavy states charged under the Standard Model gauge symmetries, leading to a host of additional novel phenomena. Focusing for concreteness on a scenario with up quark-specific couplings, we investigate two simple renormalizable completions, one with an additional vector-like quark and another featuring an extra scalar doublet. We consider the implications of naturalness, flavor- and CP-violation, electroweak precision observables, and direct searches for the new states at the LHC. These bounds, while being model-dependent, are shown to probe interesting regions in the parameter space of the scalar mass and its low-energy effective coupling, complementing the essential phenomenology of the low-energy effective theory at a variety of low and medium energy experiments.
description: 42 pages, 8 figures
title: Individual Heterogeneity, Group Interaction, and Co-operative Behaviour: Evidence from a Common-Pool Resource Experiment in South Africa and Namibia
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Hayo, Bernd
name: Vollan, Björn
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft
field experiment
Common-pool resources
relative income position
group interaction
Southern Africa

description: We present econometric evidence on the influence of an individual’s sociodemographic characteristics, economic background, and dynamic personal and group interactions on cooperative behaviour in a social dilemma situation. The data are from a framed common-pool resource experiment conducted in Namibian and South African farming communities. Our paper helps to better understand the discrepancy between the fact that people seem to care about advancing their relative position in real life but tend to act to reduce inequality in a laboratory setting. We analyse the first move in the game, the cumulated amount of resources gained by the players and, by taking into account the temporal dimension of the game in a panel context, each individual move.
X-ray bounds on cooling, composition, and magnetic field of the Cassiopeia A neutron star and young central compact objects
Creators: name: Ho, Wynn C. G.
name: Zhao, Yue
name: Heinke, Craig O.
name: Kaplan, D. L.
name: Shternin, Peter S.
name: Wijngaarden, M. J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present analysis of multiple Chandra and XMM-Newton spectra, separated by 9-19 years, of four of the youngest central compact objects (CCOs) with ages < 2500 yr: CXOU J232327.9+584842 (Cassiopeia A), CXOU J160103.1-513353 (G330.2+1.0), 1WGA J1713.4-3949 (G347.3-0.5), and XMMU J172054.5-372652 (G350.1-0.3). By fitting these spectra with thermal models, we attempt to constrain each CCO's long-term cooling rate, composition, and magnetic field. For the CCO in Cassiopeia A, 14 measurements over 19 years indicate a decreasing temperature at a ten-year rate of 2.2+/-0.2 or 2.8+/-0.3 percent (1sigma error) for a constant or changing X-ray absorption, respectively. We obtain cooling rate upper limits of 17 percent for CXOU J160103.1-513353 and 6 percent for XMMU J172054.5-372652. For the oldest CCO, 1WGA J1713.4-3949, its temperature seems to have increased by 4+/-2 percent over a ten year period. Assuming each CCO's preferred distance and an emission area that is a large fraction of the total stellar surface, a non-magnetic carbon atmosphere spectrum is a good fit to spectra of all four CCOs. If distances are larger and emission areas are somewhat smaller, then equally good spectral fits are obtained using a hydrogen atmosphere with B <= 7x10^10 G or B >= 10^12 G for CXOU J160103.1-513353, B <= 10^10 G or B >= 10^12 G for XMMU J172054.5-372652, and non-magnetic hydrogen atmosphere for 1WGA J1713.4-3949. In a unified picture of CCO evolution, our results suggest most CCOs, and hence a sizable fraction of young neutron stars, have a surface magnetic field that is low early in their life but builds up over several thousand years.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Statistical Mechanics of Graphity Models
Creators: name: Konopka, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphity models are characterized by configuration spaces in which states correspond to graphs and Hamiltonians that depend on local properties of graphs such as the degrees of vertices and numbers of short cycles. As statistical systems, graphity models can be studied analytically by estimating their partition functions or numerically by Monte Carlo simulations. Results presented here are based on both of these approaches and give new information about the high- and low-temperature behavior of the models and the transitions between them. In particular, it is shown that matter degrees of freedom must play an important role in order for the low-temperature regime to be described by graphs resembling interesting extended geometries.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures; v2. minor changes
Constraining white-dwarf kicks in globular clusters
Creators: name: Heyl, Jeremy S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The wind of an asymptotic-giant-branch stars is sufficiently strong that if it is slightly asymmetric, it can propel the star outside of the open cluster of its birth or significantly alter its trajectory through a globular cluster; therefore, if these stellar winds are asymmetric, one would expect a deficit of white dwarfs of all ages in open clusters and for young white dwarfs to be less radially concentrated than either their progenitors or older white dwarfs in globular clusters. This latter effect has recently been observed. Hence, detailed studies of the radial distribution of young white dwarfs in globular clusters could provide a unique probe of mass loss on the asymptotic giant branch and during the formation of planetary nebulae both as a function of metallicity and a limited range of stellar mass.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, changes to reflect version accepted for MNRAS Letters
Localized eigenmodes of the overlap operator and their impact on the eigenvalue distribution
Creators: name: Hasenfratz, Anna
name: Hoffmann, Roland
name: Schaefer, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a system where chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken, the low energy eigenmodes of the continuum Dirac operator are extended. On the lattice, due to discretization effects, the Dirac operator can have localized eigenmodes that affect physical quantities sensitive to chiral symmetry. While the infrared eigenmodes of the Wilson Dirac operator are usually extended even on coarse lattices, the chiral overlap operator has many localized eigenmodes in the physical region, especially in mixed action simulations. Depending on their density, these modes can introduce strong lattice artifacts. The effect can be controlled by changing the parameters of the overlap operator, in particular the clover improvement term and the center of the overlap projection.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
The Ultraluminous X-ray Sources near the Center of M82
Creators: name: Kong, A. K. H.
name: Yang, Y. J.
name: Hsieh, P. -Y.
name: Mak, D. S. Y.
name: Pun, C. S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the identification of a recurrent ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX), a highly absorbed X-ray source (possibly a background AGN), and a young supernova remnant near the center of the starburst galaxy M82. From a series of Chandra observations taken from 1999 to 2005, we found that the transient ULX first appeared in 1999 October. The source turned off in 2000 January, but later reappeared and has been active since then. The X-ray luminosity of this source varies from below the detection level (~2.5e38 erg/s) to its active state in between ~7e39 erg/s and 1.3e40 erg/s (in the 0.5-10 keV energy band) and shows unusual spectral changes. The X-ray spectra of some Chandra observations are best fitted with an absorbed power-law model with photon index ranging from 1.3 to 1.7. These spectra are similar to those of Galactic black hole binary candidates seen in the low/hard state except that a very hard spectrum was seen in one of the observations. By comparing with near infrared images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope, the ULX is found to be located within a young star cluster. Radio imaging indicates that it is associated with a H II region. We suggest that the ULX is likely to be a > 100 solar mass intermediate-mass black hole in the low/hard state. In addition to the transient ULX, we also found a highly absorbed hard X-ray source which is likely to be an AGN and an ultraluminous X-ray emitting young supernova remnant which may be related to a 100-year old gamma-ray burst event, within 2 arcsec of the transient ULX.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Singular fate of the universe in modified theories of gravity
Creators: name: Fernández-Jambrina, L.
name: Lazkoz, Ruth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the final fate of the universe in modified theories of gravity. As compared with general relativistic formulations, in these scenarios the Friedmann equation has additional terms which are relevant for low density epochs. We analyze the sort of future singularities to be found under the usual assumption the expanding Universe is solely filled with a pressureless component. We report our results using two schemes: one concerned with the behavior of curvature scalars, and a more refined one linked to observers. Some examples with a very solid theoretical motivation and some others with a more phenomenological nature are used for illustration.
description: 6 pages, final version, accepted for publication in Physics Letters B, references added, revtex
title: Firing versus Continuing Employment if an Economic Setback is Expected
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Göcke, Matthias
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: probability, duration and size of recession
Firing costs and uncertainty
Economics
Wirtschaft

description: A simple model evaluating a firm’s optimal employment reaction to an imminent recession is presented. Firing costs shelter employment – and this effect is typically amplified by uncertainty due to an option value of waiting. However, this job protection effect is reduced if the expected probability of a setback increases, and if the expected duration and size of a recession grows. If a severe recession is expected with a high probability the option to wait with firing looses its value, thus, immediate layoffs and market exits become the optimal strategy even before the recession turns out to be actual.
title: Efficiency Wages and Negotiated Profit-Sharing under Uncertainty
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Göcke, Matthias
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft

description: Efficiency wage effects of profit sharing are combined with option values related to stochastic future profit variations. These option effects occur if the workers’ profit share is fixed by long-term contracts. The Pareto-improving optimal level of the sharing ratio is calculated for two different scenarios. First, if the firm can unilaterally decide, the expected present value of net profits is maximised. Second, if the sharing ratio is based on bilateral Nash bargaining. Since a larger variation of revenues implies a higher redistribution of future profits, the inclusion of expected variations results in a lower worker’s profit ratio in both scenarios.
Effective Field Equations of Brane-Induced Electromagnetism
Creators: name: Dahia, F.
name: Romero, C.
name: Cruz, M. A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a covariant embedding formalism, we find the effective field equations for the Electromagnetism that emerge on branes in the context of Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) braneworld scenario. Our treatment is essentially geometrical. We start with Maxwell equations in five-dimensions and project them into an arbitrary brane. The formalism is quite general and allows us to consider curved bulk spaces and curved branes whose tension is not necessarily null. The kinetic electromagnetic term induced on the world volume of the brane, proper of DGP models, is incorporated in this formulation by means of an appropriate match condition. We also give an estimate of each term of the effective field equations and determine the domain in which the four-dimensional Maxwell equations can be recovered in the brane.