Low-cost fabrication of optical waveguides, interconnects and sensing structures on all-polymer-based thin foils
Creators: name: Rezem, Maher
name: Kelb, Christian
name: Günther, Axel
name: Rahlves, Maik
name: Reithmeier, Eduard
name: Roth, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Bellingham, Wash. : SPIE
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Hot embossing
subject: Integrated photonics
subject: Optical waveguide
subject: Polymer optics
subject: Coremaking
subject: Costs
subject: Diagnosis
subject: Electric losses
subject: Explosives detection
subject: Fabrication
subject: Integrated circuit interconnects
subject: Integrated circuits
subject: Integrated optoelectronics
subject: Light
subject: Light emitting diodes
subject: Light sources
subject: Microoptics
subject: Microsensors
subject: Optical waveguides
subject: Organic lasers
subject: Organic light emitting diodes (OLED)
subject: Photonics
subject: Polymers
subject: Polymethyl methacrylates
subject: Reconfigurable hardware
subject: Reels
subject: Refractive index
subject: Surface emitting lasers
subject: Surface roughness
subject: Throughput
subject: Waveguides
subject: Hot-embossing
subject: Intensity modulations
subject: Micro-optical components
subject: Production techniques
subject: Reel-to-reel production
subject: Waveguide fabrication
subject: Photonic integration technology
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Micro-optical sensors based on optical waveguides are widely used to measure temperature, force and strain but also to detect biological and chemical substances such as explosives or toxins. While optical micro-sensors based on silicon technology require complex and expensive process technologies, a new generation of sensors based completely on polymers offer advantages especially in terms of low-cost and fast production techniques. We have developed a process to integrate micro-optical components such as embedded waveguides and optical interconnects into polymer foils with a thickness well below one millimeter. To enable high throughput production, we employ hot embossing technology, which is capable of reel-to-reel fabrication with a surface roughness in the optical range. For the waveguide fabrication, we used the thermoplastic polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as cladding and several optical adhesives as core materials. The waveguides are characterized with respect to refractive indices and propagation losses. We achieved propagation losses are as low as 0.3 dB/cm. Furthermore, we demonstrate coupling structures and their fabrication especially suited to integrate various light sources such as vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) and organic light emitting diodes (OLED) into thin polymer foils. Also, we present a concept of an all-polymer and waveguide based deformation sensor based on intensity modulation, which can be fabricated by utilizing our process. For future application, we aim at a low-cost and high-throughput reel-to-reel production process enabling the fabrication of large sensor arrays or disposable single-use sensing structures, which will open optical sensing to a large variety of application fields ranging from medical diagnosis to automotive sensing. © 2016 SPIE.