cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
How to Search the Internet Archive Without Indexing It
Creators: name: Kanhabua, Nattiya
name: Kemkes, Philipp
name: Nejdl, Wolfgang
name: Nguyen, Tu Ngoc
name: Reis, Felipe
name: Tran, Nam Khanh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Significant parts of cultural heritage are produced on the web during the last decades. While easy accessibility to the current web is a good baseline, optimal access to the past web faces several challenges. This includes dealing with large-scale web archive collections and lacking of usage logs that contain implicit human feedback most relevant for today's web search. In this paper, we propose an entity-oriented search system to support retrieval and analytics on the Internet Archive. We use Bing to retrieve a ranked list of results from the current web. In addition, we link retrieved results to the WayBack Machine; thus allowing keyword search on the Internet Archive without processing and indexing its raw archived content. Our search system complements existing web archive search tools through a user-friendly interface, which comes close to the functionalities of modern web search engines (e.g., keyword search, query auto-completion and related query suggestion), and provides a great benefit of taking user feedback on the current web into account also for web archive search. Through extensive experiments, we conduct quantitative and qualitative analyses in order to provide insights that enable further research on and practical applications of web archives.
Chandra Survey of Nearby Galaxies: The Catalog
Creators: name: She, Rui
name: Ho, Luis C.
name: Feng, Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We searched in the public archive of the Chandra X-ray Observatory as of March 2016 and assembled a sample of 719 galaxies within 50 Mpc with ACIS observations available. By cross-correlation with the optical or near-infrared nuclei of these galaxies, 314 of them are identified to have an X-ray active galactic nucleus (AGN). The majority of them are low-luminosity AGNs and are unlikely X-ray binaries based upon their spatial distribution and luminosity functions. The AGN fraction is around 60% for elliptical galaxies and early-type spirals, but drops to roughly 20% for Sc and later types, consistent with previous findings in the optical. However, the X-ray survey is more powerful in finding weak AGNs, especially from regions with active star formation that may mask the optical AGN signature. For example, 31% of the H II nuclei are found to harbor an X-ray AGN. For most objects, a single power-law model subject to interstellar absorption is adequate to fit the spectrum, and the typical photon index is found to be around 1.8. For galaxies with a non-detection, their stacked Chandra image shows an X-ray excess with a luminosity of a few times 10^37 erg/s on average around the nuclear region, possibly composed of faint X-ray binaries. This paper reports on the technique and results of the survey; in-depth analysis and discussion of the results will be reported in forthcoming papers.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) Data, 2007-2021: Secure Access
UCAS
Creators: name: Universities And Colleges Application System (UCAS)
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2022

description: The Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) Data, 2007-2021: Secure Access includes information about applicants and applications to UK Higher Education with UCAS registered Higher Education Providers. The data runs from the 2007 application cycle, up to and including the 2019 cycle. All applicants to UK Higher Education are included which covers those domiciled within the UK and those outside. 

Latest edition information
For the second edition (October 2022), data for 2020 and 2021 have been added and all data for 2007 to 2019 have been updated for the Applications Fact Datasets (Fact_7d7), the Linking Fact Dataset (Fact_349), the Apply Qualifications Fact Datasets (Fact_b36) and the Applicant Fact Dataset (Fact_d5f). In addition, Awarding Body Linkage (ABL) Qualifications Fact Datasets (Fact_8D1) covering 2007 to 2021 have been added and the documentation has also been updated.
Rapid-Rate: A Framework for Semi-supervised Real-time Sentiment Trend Detection in Unstructured Big Data
Creators: name: John, Vineet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68T50

description: Commercial establishments like restaurants, service centres and retailers have several sources of customer feedback about products and services, most of which need not be as structured as rated reviews provided by services like Yelp, or Amazon, in terms of sentiment conveyed. For instance, Amazon provides a fine-grained score on a numeric scale for product reviews. Some sources, however, like social media (Twitter, Facebook), mailing lists (Google Groups) and forums (Quora) contain text data that is much more voluminous, but unstructured and unlabelled. It might be in the best interests of a business establishment to assess the general sentiment towards their brand on these platforms as well. This text could be pipelined into a system with a built-in prediction model, with the objective of generating real-time graphs on opinion and sentiment trends. Although such tasks like the one described about have been explored with respect to document classification problems in the past, the implementation described in this paper, by virtue of learning a continuous function rather than a discrete one, offers a lot more depth of insight as compared to document classification approaches. This study aims to explore the validity of such a continuous function predicting model to quantify sentiment about an entity, without the additional overhead of manual labelling, and computational preprocessing & feature extraction. This research project also aims to design and implement a re-usable document regression pipeline as a framework, Rapid-Rate, that can be used to predict document scores in real-time.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Beyond research output, student well-being should be part of university quality indicators
Creators: name: Ossiannilsson, E
name: Zuhdi, M
name: Dobson, Stephen
Publisher: name: CQUniversity
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 340499
subject: Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry not elsewhere classified

description: Increasingly, students want more from higher education institutions beyond skills and knowledge, graduation certificates and the promise of employment. They also want care and guidance. Students even want to actively collaborate on their university’s quality assurance processes and add health and well-being as key indicators of university quality.

However, universities often end up ignoring students’ needs. Although they once might have been the main clients of higher education, universities now give priority to market-driven quality indicators set by industries and governments.
Detection of Face using Viola Jones and Recognition using Back Propagation Neural Network
Creators: name: Tikoo, Smriti
name: Malik, Nitin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Detection and recognition of the facial images of people is an intricate problem which has garnered much attention during recent years due to its ever increasing applications in numerous fields. It continues to pose a challenge in finding a robust solution to it. Its scope extends to catering the security, commercial and law enforcement applications. Research for moreover a decade on this subject has brought about remarkable development with the modus operandi like human computer interaction, biometric analysis and content based coding of images, videos and surveillance. A trivial task for brain but cumbersome to be imitated artificially. The commonalities in faces does pose a problem on various grounds but features such as skin color, gender differentiate a person from the other. In this paper the facial detection has been carried out using Viola-Jones algorithm and recognition of face has been done using Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN).
description: ISSN 2320-088X, 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Dynamic balancing of super-critical rotating structures using slow-speed data via parametric excitation
Creators: name: Tresser, Shachar
name: Dolev, Amit
name: Bucher, Izhak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-speed machinery is often designed to pass several $"$critical$"$ speeds, where vibration levels can be very high. To reduce vibrations, rotors usually undergo a mass balancing process, where the machine is rotated at its full speed range, during which the dynamic response near critical speeds can be measured. High sensitivity, which is required for a successful balancing process, is achieved near the critical speeds, where a single deflection mode shape becomes dominant, and is excited by the projection of the imbalance on it. The requirement to rotate the machine at high speeds is an obstacle in many cases, where it is impossible to perform measurements at high speeds, due to harsh conditions such as high temperatures and inaccessibility (e.g., jet engines). $\\$ This paper proposes a novel balancing method of flexible rotors, which does not require the machine to be rotated at high speeds. With this method, the rotor is spun at low speeds, while subjecting it to a set of externally controlled forces. The external forces comprise a set of tuned, response dependent, parametric excitations, and nonlinear stiffness terms. The parametric excitation can isolate any desired mode, while keeping the response directly linked to the imbalance. A software controlled nonlinear stiffness term limits the response, hence preventing the rotor to become unstable. These forces warrant sufficient sensitivity required to detect the projection of the imbalance on any desired mode without rotating the machine at high speeds. Analytical, numerical and experimental results are shown to validate and demonstrate the method.
description: 35 pages, 20 figures, submitted to Journal of Sound and Vibrations
Theoretical studies of superconductivity in doped BaCoSO
Creators: name: Qin, Shengshan
name: Li, Yinxiang
name: Zhang, Qiang
name: Le, Congcong
name: Hu, Jiangping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate superconductivity that may exist in the doped BaCoSO, a multi-orbital Mott insulator with a strong antiferromagnetic ground state. The superconductivity is studied in both t-J type and Hubbard type multi-orbital models by mean field approach and random phase approximation (RPA) analysis. Even if there is no C4 rotational symmetry, it is found that the system still carries a d-wave like pairing symmetry state with gapless nodes and sign changed superconducting order parameters on Fermi surfaces. The results are largely doping insensitive. In this superconducting state, the three t2g orbitals have very different superconducting form factors in momentum space. In particular, the intra-orbital pairing of the dx2-y2 orbital has a s-wave like pairing form factor. The two methods also predict very different pairing strength on different parts of Fermi surfaces.These results suggest that BaCoSO and related materials can be a new ground to test and establish fundamental principles for unconventional high temperature superconductivity.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
British Peers, 1603-1959
Creators: name: Reid, A.
name: Newton, G.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2021

description: The British Peers database is a demographic dataset detailing births, deaths and marriages of English, Irish and Scottish peers (ie elite individuals who were members of the aristocracy) born between 1527 and 1945, and their children, covering the entire British peerage between 1603 and 1959. The rules for inclusion follow the line of succession, so that all legitimate children and grandchildren are included, and known numbers of illegitimate and stillborn children noted where possible. The dataset was originally compiled by T H Hollingsworth in the 1960s and later redigitised and restructured at the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure. It has been used to investigate changes in elite mortality and life expectancy over time, as well as to analyse aspects of fertility and nuptiality.
Types of Person x Situation Interactions
Creators: name: Von Garrel, Alina Sophie
name: Modersitzki, Nick
name: Kuper, Niclas
name: Wiernik, Brenton M.
name: Phan, Le Vy
name: Rauthmann, John
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Personality and Social Contexts
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This is the pre-registration for Study 2.
Stochastic Configuration Networks: Fundamentals and Algorithms
Creators: name: Wang, Dianhui
name: Li, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper contributes to a development of randomized methods for neural networks. The proposed learner model is generated incrementally by stochastic configuration (SC) algorithms, termed as Stochastic Configuration Networks (SCNs). In contrast to the existing randomised learning algorithms for single layer feed-forward neural networks (SLFNNs), we randomly assign the input weights and biases of the hidden nodes in the light of a supervisory mechanism, and the output weights are analytically evaluated in either constructive or selective manner. As fundamentals of SCN-based data modelling techniques, we establish some theoretical results on the universal approximation property. Three versions of SC algorithms are presented for regression problems (applicable for classification problems as well) in this work. Simulation results concerning both function approximation and real world data regression indicate some remarkable merits of our proposed SCNs in terms of less human intervention on the network size setting, the scope adaptation of random parameters, fast learning and sound generalization.
description: Manuscript submitted to IEEE TCYB on Feb. 12, 2017; 18 pages, 4 figures and 28 references
Isotope shift of the ferromagnetic transition temperature in itinerant ferromagnets
Creators: name: Yanagisawa, Takashi
name: Hase, Izumi
name: Odagiri, Kosuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory of the isotope effect of the Curie temperature $T_{\rm c}$ in itinerant ferromagnets. The isotope effect in ferromagnets occurs via the electron-phonon vertex correction and the effective attractive interaction mediated by the electron-phonon interaction. The decrease of the Debye frequency increases the relative strength of the Coulomb interaction, which results in a positive isotope shift of $T_{\rm c}$ when the mass $M$ of an atom increases. Following this picture, we evaluate the isotope effect of $T_{\rm c}$ by using the Stoner theory and a spin-fluctuation theory. When $T_{\rm c}$ is large enough as large as or more than 100K, the isotope effect on $T_{\rm c}$ can be measurable. Recently, precise measurements on the oxygen isotope effect on $T_{\rm c}$ have been performed for itinerant ferromagnet SrRuO$_3$ with $T_{\rm c}\sim 160$K. A clear isotope effect has been observed with the positive shift of $T_{\rm c}\sim 1$K by isotope substitution ($^{16}O\rightarrow ^{18}O$). This experimental result is consistent with our theory.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
Thermal physics of the inner coma: ALMA studies of the methanol distribution and excitation in comet C/2012 K1 (PanSTARRS)
Creators: name: Cordiner, M. A.
name: Biver, N.
name: Crovisier, J.
name: Bockelee-Morvan, D.
name: Mumma, M. J.
name: Charnley, S. B.
name: Villanueva, G.
name: Paganini, L.
name: Lis, D. C.
name: Milam, S. N.
name: Remijan, A. J.
name: Coulson, I. M.
name: Kuan, Y. -J.
name: Boissier, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spatially and spectrally-resolved observations of CH$_3$OH emission from comet C/2012 K1 (PanSTARRS) using The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) on 2014 June 28-29. Two-dimensional maps of the line-of-sight average rotational temperature ($T_{rot}$) were derived, covering spatial scales $0.3''-1.8''$ (corresponding to sky-projected distances $ρ\sim500$-2500 km). The CH$_3$OH column density distributions are consistent with isotropic, uniform outflow from the nucleus, with no evidence for extended sources of CH$_3$OH in the coma. The $T_{rot}(ρ)$ radial profiles show a significant drop within a few thousand kilometers of the nucleus, falling from about 60 K to 20 K between $ρ=0$ and 2500 km on June 28, whereas on June 29, $T_{rot}$ fell from about 120 K to 40 K between $ρ=$ 0 km and 1000 km. The observed $T_{rot}$ behavior is interpreted primarily as a result of variations in the coma kinetic temperature due to adiabatic cooling of the outflowing gas, as well as radiative cooling of the CH$_3$OH rotational levels. Our excitation model shows that radiative cooling is more important for the $J=7-6$ transitions (at 338 GHz) than for the $K=3-2$ transitions (at 252 GHz), resulting in a strongly sub-thermal distribution of levels in the $J=7-6$ band at $ρ\gtrsim1000$ km. For both bands, the observed temperature drop with distance is less steep than predicted by standard coma theoretical models, which suggests the presence of a significant source of heating in addition to the photolytic heat sources usually considered.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ, January 2017
Stacking-dependent electronic structure of trilayer graphene resolved by nanospot angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Creators: name: Bao, Changhua
name: Yao, Wei
name: Wang, Eryin
name: Chen, Chaoyu
name: Avila, José
name: Asensio, Maria C.
name: Zhou, Shuyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The crystallographic stacking order in multilayer graphene plays an important role in determining its electronic structure. In trilayer graphene, rhombohedral stacking (ABC) is particularly intriguing, exhibiting a flat band with an electric-field tunable band gap. Such electronic structure is distinct from simple hexagonal stacking (AAA) or typical Bernal stacking (ABA), and is promising for nanoscale electronics, optoelectronics applications. So far clean experimental electronic spectra on the first two stackings are missing because the samples are usually too small in size (um or nm scale) to be resolved by conventional angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Here by using ARPES with nanospot beam size (NanoARPES), we provide direct experimental evidence for the coexistence of three different stackings of trilayer graphene and reveal their distinctive electronic structures directly. By fitting the experimental data, we provide important experimental band parameters for describing the electronic structure of trilayer graphene with different stackings.
Sovereignty under Siege – The Efficacy of International Law: An Examination of Intelligence Operations vis-à-vis International Law
Creators: name: Vetticad, Ryan
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023

description: This thesis evaluates the extent to which intelligence operations constitute a violation of the principle of sovereignty in international law. It straddles the debate between whether such operations can be classified as minor breaches or substantial infringements of sovereignty. The research methodology employed involved a comprehensive review of relevant legal texts, case studies, international treaties, and scholarly commentaries. It adopts a comparative analysis approach, contrasting different views on the subject matter. The thesis first presents a theoretical background on the concept of sovereignty in international law, defining its dimensions, elements, and the recognized exceptions. The relevance of espionage activities in international relations, their historical development, and international perspectives on these operations are also explored. An extensive portion of the thesis is devoted to analyzing how intelligence operations violate the principle of sovereignty. It delves into the nuances of both minor and significant breaches, providing evidence from historic and contemporary espionage incidents. The argument hinges on the nature and extent of the intrusion, the damages inflicted, and the secrecy surrounding these operations. The thesis highlights how covert intelligence operations, especially those involving covert action, can pose substantial threats to national sovereignty. It brings to the fore the blurred lines between textual and physical borders, and the challenges these present to the traditional concept of state sovereignty. While the study recognizes that intelligence operations often involve some level of violation, it concludes that the scale of such violations is not homogeneous. The breach's magnitude is largely contingent on the type and intent of the operation, the affected state's responses, and the geopolitical climate within which the operation occurs. It underscores the need for robust international norms and legal frameworks to address the complexities brought by intelligence operations and foster mutual respect for sovereignty among nations. In conclusion, this thesis provides an insightful analysis of the intersection between intelligence operations and sovereignty in international law. It posits that the violation of sovereignty cannot be homogeneously classified as small or immense, but rather varies on a continuum, contingent on numerous factors. It calls for more nuanced perspectives and flexible legal approaches to address this complex and evolving issue in international relations.
A letter from the workshop co-chairs
Creators: name: Torres, Frank Sill
name: Carrillo, Edgardo Solano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: The first European Workshop on Maritime Systems Resilience and Security (MARESEC) was dedicated to the research on Resilience, Security, Technology and related Ethical, Legal, and Social Aspects (ELSA) in the context of Maritime Systems, including but not restricted to (Offshore/Onshore) Infrastructures, Navigation and Shipping and Autonomous Systems. The event, which was organized by the Institute for the Protection of Maritime Infrastructures of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), occurred virtually on June, 14th 2021 and counted on 86 participants. Out of all submitted extended abstracts, 26 submissions had been selected for presentation. Additionally, 3 works of undergraduate and graduate students have been presented (the final schedule can be found in the appendix). The authors are affiliated to institutions from Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Portugal, South Korea, Spain and United Kingdom.
EEG-Based User Reaction Time Estimation Using Riemannian Geometry Features
Creators: name: Wu, Dongrui
name: Lance, Brent J.
name: Lawhern, Vernon J.
name: Gordon, Stephen
name: Jung, Tzyy-Ping
name: Lin, Chin-Teng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Riemannian geometry has been successfully used in many brain-computer interface (BCI) classification problems and demonstrated superior performance. In this paper, for the first time, it is applied to BCI regression problems, an important category of BCI applications. More specifically, we propose a new feature extraction approach for Electroencephalogram (EEG) based BCI regression problems: a spatial filter is first used to increase the signal quality of the EEG trials and also to reduce the dimensionality of the covariance matrices, and then Riemannian tangent space features are extracted. We validate the performance of the proposed approach in reaction time estimation from EEG signals measured in a large-scale sustained-attention psychomotor vigilance task, and show that compared with the traditional powerband features, the tangent space features can reduce the root mean square estimation error by 4.30-8.30%, and increase the estimation correlation coefficient by 6.59-11.13%.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1702.02914
Detection, Segmentation and Recognition of Face and its Features Using Neural Network
Creators: name: Tikoo, Smriti
name: Malik, Nitin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Face detection and recognition has been prevalent with research scholars and diverse approaches have been incorporated till date to serve purpose. The rampant advent of biometric analysis systems, which may be full body scanners, or iris detection and recognition systems and the finger print recognition systems, and surveillance systems deployed for safety and security purposes have contributed to inclination towards same. Advances has been made with frontal view, lateral view of the face or using facial expressions such as anger, happiness and gloominess, still images and video image to be used for detection and recognition. This led to newer methods for face detection and recognition to be introduced in achieving accurate results and economically feasible and extremely secure. Techniques such as Principal Component analysis (PCA), Independent component analysis (ICA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), have been the predominant ones to be used. But with improvements needed in the previous approaches Neural Networks based recognition was like boon to the industry. It not only enhanced the recognition but also the efficiency of the process. Choosing Backpropagation as the learning method was clearly out of its efficiency to recognize nonlinear faces with an acceptance ratio of more than 90% and execution time of only few seconds.
description: Google Scholar Indexed Journal, 5 pages, 10 figures, Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, vol. 7, no. 2, June-Sept 2016
Anisotropic power-law inflation in a two-scalar-field model with a mixed kinetic term
Creators: name: Do, Tuan Q.
name: Nguyen, Sonnet Hung Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine whether an extended scenario of a two-scalar-field model, in which a mixed kinetic term of canonical and phantom scalar fields is involved, admits the Bianchi type I metric, which is homogeneous but anisotropic spacetime, as its power-law solutions. Then we analyze the stability of the anisotropic power-law solutions to see whether these solutions respect the cosmic no-hair conjecture or not during the inflationary phase. In addition, we will also investigate a special scenario, where the pure kinetic terms of canonical and phantom fields disappear altogether in field equations, to test again the validity of cosmic no-hair conjecture. As a result, the cosmic no-hair conjecture always holds in both these scenarios due to the instability of the corresponding anisotropic inflationary solutions.
description: 19 pages, no figures. Accepted for publication in International Journal of Modern Physics D
Ages and structural and dynamical parameters of two globular clusters in the M81 group
Creators: name: Ma, Jun
name: Wang, Song
name: Wu, Zhenyu
name: Zhang, Tianmeng
name: Zou, Hu
name: Nie, Jundan
name: Zhou, Zhiming
name: Zhou, Xu
name: Peng, Xiyang
name: Wang, Jiali
name: Wu, Jianghua
name: Du, Cuihua
name: Yuan, Qirong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: GC-1 and GC-2 are two globular clusters (GCs) in the remote halo of M81 and M82 in the M81 group discovered by Jang et al. using the {\it Hubble Space Telescope} ({\it HST}) images. These two GCs were observed as part of the Beijing--Arizona--Taiwan--Connecticut (BATC) Multicolor Sky Survey, using 14 intermediate-band filters covering a wavelength range of 4000--10000 Å. We accurately determine these two clusters' ages and masses by comparing their spectral energy distributions (from 2267 to 20000~Å, comprising photometric data in the near-ultraviolet of the {\it Galaxy Evolution Explorer}, 14 BATC intermediate-band, and Two Micron All Sky Survey near-infrared $JHK_{\rm s}$ filters) with theoretical stellar population-synthesis models, resulting in ages of $15.50\pm3.20$ for GC-1 and $15.10\pm2.70$ Gyr for GC-2. The masses of GC-1 and GC-2 obtained here are $1.77-2.04\times 10^6$ and $5.20-7.11\times 10^6 \rm~M_\odot$, respectively. In addition, the deep observations with the Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Camera 3 on the {\it HST} are used to provide the surface brightness profiles of GC-1 and GC-2. The structural and dynamical parameters are derived from fitting the profiles to three different models; in particular, the internal velocity dispersions of GC-1 and GC-2 are derived, which can be compared with ones obtained based on spectral observations in the future. For the first time, in this paper, the $r_h$ versus $M_V$ diagram shows that GC-2 is an ultra-compact dwarf in the M81 group.
description: MNRAS 468, 4513-4528 (2017), 16 pages, 9 figures and 11 tables
Generalised Lyapunov-Razumikhin techniques for scalar state-dependent delay differential equations
Creators: name: Magpantay, F. M. G.
name: Humphries, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34K20, 37L45

description: We present generalised Lyapunov-Razumikhin techniques for establishing global asymptotic stability of steady-state solutions of scalar delay differential equations. When global asymptotic stability cannot be established, the technique can be used to derive bounds on the persistent dynamics. The method is applicable to constant and variable delay problems, and we illustrate the method by applying it to the state-dependent delay differential equation known as the sawtooth equation, to find parameter regions for which the steady-state solution is globally asymptotically stable. We also establish bounds on the periodic orbits that arise when the steady-state is unstable. This technique can be readily extended to apply to other scalar delay differential equations with negative feedback.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1507.00141
An initial-boundary value problem for the integrable spin-1 Gross-Pitaevskii equations with a 4x4 Lax pair on the half-line
Creators: name: Yan, Zhenya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate the initial-boundary value problem for the integrable spin-1 Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equations with a 4x4 Lax pair on the half-line. The solution of this system can be obtained in terms of the solution of a 4x4 matrix Riemann-Hilbert (RH) problem formulated in the complex k-plane. The relevant jump matrices of the RH problem can be explicitly found using the two spectral functions s(k) and S(k), which can be defined by the initial data, the Dirichlet-Neumann boundary data at x=0. The global relation is established between the two dependent spectral functions. The general mappings between Dirichlet and Neumann boundary values are analyzed in terms of the global relation.
description: 30 pages, 3 figures
Radiating stars with exponential Lie symmetries
Creators: name: Mohanlal, R.
name: Maharaj, S. D.
name: Tiwari, A. K.
name: Narain, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the general model of a radiating star in general relativity. A group analysis of the under determined, nonlinear partial differential equation governing the model's gravitational potentials is performed. This analysis is an extension of previous group analyses carried out and produces new group invariant solutions. We find that the gravitational potentials depend on exponential functions owing to the choice of the Lie symmetry generator. The fundamental boundary equation to be solved is in general a Riccati equation. Several new exact families of solutions to the boundary condition are generated. Earlier models of Euclidean stars and generalized Euclidean stellar models are regained as special cases. Linear equations of state can be found for shear-free and shearing spacetimes.
description: 14 pages, submitted for publication
Probing the $Wtb$ vertex structure in $t$-channel single-top-quark production and decay in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}}=8$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To probe the $Wtb$ vertex structure, top-quark and $W$-boson polarisation observables are measured from $t$-channel single-top-quark events produced in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb$^{-1}$, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Selected events contain one isolated electron or muon, large missing transverse momentum and exactly two jets, with one of them identified as likely to contain a $b$-hadron. Stringent selection requirements are applied to discriminate $t$-channel single-top-quark events from background. The polarisation observables are extracted from asymmetries in angular distributions measured with respect to spin quantisation axes appropriately chosen for the top quark and the $W$ boson. The asymmetry measurements are performed at parton level by correcting the observed angular distributions for detector effects and hadronisation after subtracting the background contributions. The measured top-quark and $W$-boson polarisation values are in agreement with the Standard Model predictions. Limits on the imaginary part of the anomalous coupling $g_{\mathrm{R}}$ are also set from model-independent measurements.
description: 48 pages in total, author list starting page 32, 10 figures, 5 tables. Submitted to JHEP. All figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2014-17/
A universal scaling law of black hole activity including gamma-ray bursts
Creators: name: Wang, F. Y.
name: Dai, Z. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous works show that a correlation among radio luminosity, X-ray luminosity, and black hole (BH) mass from stellar-mass BHs in X-ray binaries to supermassive BHs in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), which leads to the so-called fundamental plane of BH activity. However, there are two competing explanations for this fundamental plane, including the jet-dominated model and the disk-jet model. Thus, the physical origin of this fundamental plane remains unknown. In this paper, we show that the X-ray luminosities, radio luminosities and BH masses of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and M82 X-1 also show a similar distribution. The universal scaling law among stellar-mass, intermediate and supermassive BH systems, together with the fact that radio and X-ray emission of GRBs originates from relativistic jets, reveals that the fundamental plane of BH activity is controlled by a jet, i.e., the radio and X-ray emission is mainly from the jet. Our work also suggests that the jets are scale-invariant with respect to the BH mass.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, MNRAS in press
Qualitative Data on Integrating Social Science in Community Engagement for Vaccine Hesitancy in Sierra Leone, 2019-2020
Creators: name: Enria, L.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2021

description:
This project, funded by the SABIN Vaccines Institute, aimed to roll out an experimental social science research training program for community health workers in border areas in Kambia District, Sierra Leone, that have experienced particular vaccination challenges, including reported hesitancy. CHWs were trained in basic qualitative research methods (participant observation, interviews and focus groups discussions) and collected data in five selected border communities (Phase 1). This data was be analysed in order to contribute to a revision of the district community engagement strategy. Following this revision, trainees conducted another round of research (Phase 2) to get community feedback on the new strategy, in order to evaluate targeted engagement strategies based on rapid but rigorous qualitative research.
Enhanced adjoint action and their orbits for the general linear group
Creators: name: Nishiyama, Kyo
name: Ohta, Takuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14L30 (Primary) 15A72, 14D25 (Secondary)

description: We studied an enhanced adjoint action of the general linear group on a product of its Lie algebra and a vector space consisting of several copies of defining representations and its duals. We determined regular semisimple orbits (i.e., closed orbits of maximal dimension) and the structure of enhanced null cone, including its irreducible components and their dimensions.
description: 13 pages
Convergent Chaos
Creators: name: Pradas, Marc
name: Pumir, Alain
name: Huber, Greg
name: Wilkinson, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chaos is widely understood as being a consequence of sensitive dependence upon initial conditions. This is the result of an instability in phase space, which separates trajectories exponentially. Here, we demonstrate that this criterion should be refined. Despite their overall intrinsic instability, trajectories may be very strongly convergent in phase space over extremely long periods, as revealed by our investigation of a simple chaotic system (a realistic model for small bodies in a turbulent flow). We establish that this strong convergence is a multi-facetted phenomenon, in which the clustering is intense, widespread and balanced by lacunarity of other regions. Power laws, indicative of scale-free features, characterise the distribution of particles in the system. We use large-deviation and extreme-value statistics to explain the effect. Our results show that the interpretation of the 'butterfly effect' needs to be carefully qualified. We argue that the combination of mixing and clustering processes makes our specific model relevant to understanding the evolution of simple organisms. Lastly, this notion of 'convergent chaos', which implies the existence of conditions for which uncertainties are unexpectedly small, may also be relevant to the valuation of insurance and futures contracts.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Metal surface structuring with spatiotemporally focused femtosecond laser pulses
Creators: name: Tan, Yuanxin
name: Chu, Wei
name: Lin, Jintian
name: Fang, Zhiwei
name: Liao, Yang
name: Cheng, Ya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Femtosecond laser micromachining provides high precision and less thermal diffusion in surface structuring as a result of the ultrashort temporal duration and ultrahigh peak intensity of the femtosecond laser pulses. To increase the throughput of surface patterning, the focal spot size can be expanded with loose focusing, which, however, could lead to nonlinear self-focusing of the pulses when the pulses propagate in air. We solve the problem by use of spatiotemporally focused femtosecond laser pulses for ablation of metal surfaces, which gives rise to improved surface quality as compared with that obtained with the conventional focusing scheme.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
Riccati equations for bounded radiating systems
Creators: name: Maharaj, S. D.
name: Tiwari, A. K.
name: Mohanlal, R.
name: Narain, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically analyze the nonlinear partial differential equation that determines the behaviour of a bounded radiating spherical mass in general relativity. Four categories of solution are possible. These are identified in terms of restrictions on the gravitational potentials. One category of solution can be related to the horizon function transformation which was recently introduced. A Lie symmetry analysis of the resulting Riccati equation shows that several new classes of exact solutions are possible. The relationship between the horizon function, Euclidean star models and other earlier investigations is clarified.
description: 17 pages, submitted for publication
Real-space analysis of scanning tunneling microscopy topography datasets using sparse modeling approach
Creators: name: Miyama, Masamichi J.
name: Hukushima, Koji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A sparse modeling approach is proposed for analyzing scanning tunneling microscopy topography data, which contains numerous peaks corresponding to surface atoms. The method, based on the relevance vector machine with $\mathrm{L}_1$ regularization and $k$-means clustering, enables separation of the peaks and atomic center positioning with accuracy beyond the resolution of the measurement grid. The validity and efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated using synthetic data in comparison to the conventional least-square method. An application of the proposed method to experimental data of a metallic oxide thin film clearly indicates the existence of defects and corresponding local lattice deformations.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures
Fermionic SPT phases in higher dimensions and bosonization
Creators: name: Kapustin, Anton
name: Thorngren, Ryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss bosonization and Fermionic Short-Range-Entangled (FSRE) phases of matter in one, two, and three spatial dimensions, emphasizing the physical meaning of the cohomological parameters which label such phases and the connection with higher-form symmetries. We propose a classification scheme for fermionic SPT phases in three spatial dimensions with an arbitrary finite point symmetry G. It generalizes the supercohomology of Gu and Wen. We argue that the most general such phase can be obtained from a bosonic "shadow" by condensing both fermionic particles and strings.
description: 47 pages
Artificial Intelligence Activity in UK Businesses, 2021
Creators: name: Department For Digital, Culture
name: Capital Economics
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2022

description:
The Department of Digital, Culture, Media and Sport's (DCMS) Office for Artificial Intelligence commissioned research to model current and future estimates of (i) the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in the UK, and (ii) the expenditure on AI technologies and AI-related labour in the UK.

The associated report provides an assessment of the scale of AI activity in UK businesses and scenarios for growth over the next twenty years

To gather data on AI adoption and spending to inform the modelling in this study, a survey of private businesses was conducted in conjunction with YouGov.

The total survey sample was 2,019 private businesses, including 1,127 small businesses (55.8%), 291 medium businesses (14.4%) and 601 large businesses (29.8%). Respondents spanned all regions of Great Britain and all private sectors. Businesses in Northern Ireland have thus not been surveyed. After removing spurious responses, the identification process of which included an analysis of expenditure responses relative to firm size (in terms of turnover), the sample reduced to 2,009 quality responses.
XMM-Newton observation of MV Lyr and the sandwiched model confirmation
Creators: name: Dobrotka, A.
name: Ness, J. -U.
name: Mineshige, S.
name: Nucita, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spectral and timing analyses of simultaneous X-ray and UV observations of the VY Scl system MV Lyr taken by XMM-Newton, containing the longest continuous X-ray+UV light curve and highest signal-to-noise X-ray (EPIC) spectrum to date. The RGS spectrum displays emission lines plus continuum, confirming model approaches to be based on thermal plasma models. We test the sandwiched model based on fast variability that predicts a geometrically thick corona that surrounds an inner geometrically thin disc. The EPIC spectra are consistent with either a cooling flow model or a 2-T collisional plasma plus Fe emission lines in which the hotter component may be partially absorbed which would then originate in a central corona or a partially obscured boundary layer, respectively. The cooling flow model yields a lower mass accretion rate than expected during the bright state, suggesting an evaporated plasma with a low density, thus consistent with a corona. Timing analysis confirms the presence of a dominant break frequency around log(f/Hz) = -3 in the X-ray Power Density Spectrum (PDS) as in the optical PDS. The complex soft/hard X-ray light curve behaviour is consistent with a region close to the white dwarf where the hot component is generated. The soft component can be connected to an extended region. We find another break frequency around log(f/Hz) = -3.4 that is also detected by Kepler. We compared flares at different wavelengths and found that the peaks are simultaneous but the rise to maximum is delayed in X-rays with respect to UV.
description: 17 pages, 21 figures, 4 tables, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
New charged anisotropic compact models
Creators: name: Matondo, D. Kileba
name: Maharaj, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find new exact solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell field equations which are relevant in the description of highly compact stellar objects. The relativistic star is charged and anisotropic with a quark equation of state. Exact solutions of the field equations are found in terms of elementary functions. It is interesting to note that we regain earlier quark models with uncharged and charged matter distributions. A physical analysis indicates that the matter distributions are well behaved and regular throughout the stellar structure. A range of stellar masses are generated for particular parameter values in the electric field. In particular the observed mass for a binary pulsar is regained.
description: 21 pages, submitted for publication