cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Presynaptic differentiation induced in cultured neurons by local application of basic fibroblast growth factor
Creators: name: Dai, Zhengshan
name: Peng, H. Benjamin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: Recent studies have suggested a role for molecules residing at the muscle surface in signaling presynaptic development at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Since heparan sulfate-proteoglycan is a major component of the extracellular matrix of skeletal muscle, factors that are bound to this proteoglycan, such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), are in a strategic position for neuronal signaling. To test this idea, we applied bFGF to cultured Xenopus spinal cord neurons and monitored the change in intracellular Ca2+ level with fura-2 ratio imaging. In one-third of the neurons, local application of bFGF elicited a 30-140% increase in intracellular Ca2+ level. Ca(2+)-free medium or suramin abolished this change. Latex beads coated with bFGF induced clustering of synaptic vesicles at the bead-neurite contacts as evidenced by anti-synaptotagmin antibody labeling and electron microscopy. This response was also blocked by Ca(2+)-free medium and by suramin. Uncoated beads or beads coated with PDGF were ineffective. This induction was also inhibited by a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, tyrphostin RG-50864, suggesting the role of receptor tyrosine kinase activation in this process. In addition, bFGF-coated beads also induced the localization of depolarization-dependent Ca2+ influx to the bead-neurite contacts. In contrast, depolarization caused a distributed Ca2+ elevation in untreated neurites. These results suggest that local presentation of bFGF can mimic the muscle target in signaling the development of both a cytoplasmic and a membranous specialization for excitation-secretion coupling observed at the NMJ.
On the Casimir ${\cal{W}\cal{A}}_{\it{N}}$ algebras as the truncated $\cal{W}_{\infty}$ algebra
Creators: name: Ozer, H. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The complete structure of the Casimir ${\cal{W}\cal{A}}_{\it{N}}$ algebras are shown to exist in such a way that the Casimir ${\cal{W}\cal{A}}_{\it{N}}$ algebra is a kind of truncated type of $\cal{W}_{\infty}$ algebra both in the primary and in the quadratic basis, first using the associativity conditions in the basis of primary fields and second using the Miura basis coming from the free field realization as a different basis. Finally one can say that the Casimir ${\cal{W}\cal{A}}_{\it{N}}$ algebra is a kind of truncated type of $\cal{W}_{\infty}$algebra,so it is clear from any construction of $\cal{W}_{\infty}$ algebra that by putting infinite number of fields $W_{s}$ with $s>N$ to zero we arrive at the Casimir ${\cal{W}\cal{A}}_{\it{N}}$ algebra.
description: 16 pages, no figures, LaTeX file. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1411.7697 by other authors
Classical Liquids in Fractal Dimension
Creators: name: Heinen, Marco
name: Schnyder, Simon K.
name: Brady, John F.
name: Löwen, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce fractal liquids by generalizing classical liquids of integer dimensions $d = 1, 2, 3$ to a fractal dimension $d_f$. The particles composing the liquid are fractal objects and their configuration space is also fractal, with the same non-integer dimension. Realizations of our generic model system include microphase separated binary liquids in porous media, and highly branched liquid droplets confined to a fractal polymer backbone in a gel. Here we study the thermodynamics and pair correlations of fractal liquids by computer simulation and semi-analytical statistical mechanics. Our results are based on a model where fractal hard spheres move on a near-critical percolating lattice cluster. The predictions of the fractal Percus-Yevick liquid integral equation compare well with our simulation results.
description: Changed title
Synaptic interactions between primary afferent terminals and GABA and nitric oxide-synthesizing neurons in superficial laminae of the rat spinal cord
Creators: name: Valtschanoff, Juli G.
name: Rustioni, Aldo
name: Schmidt, Harald H.H.W.
name: Weinberg, Richard J.
name: Bernard, Ntrizia S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: The superficial laminae (I and II) of the spinal dorsal horn receive small caliber primary afferent fibers responsive to noxious stimulation, and contain local circuit neurons that modulate afferent input. Many of these neurons are GABAergic; about a third of these also synthesize nitric oxide. We identified three main morphological types of primary afferent terminals in superficial laminae after injections of a tracer selective for small caliber afferents into the sciatic nerve of rats. The relative densities of the three types varied through the dorsoventral extent of laminae I and II. Synaptic contacts of each type with GABA- and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-containing dendrites and axon terminals were determined by preembedding and postembedding immunocytochemistry. Nonglomerular primary afferent terminals, likely to originate from peptidergic unmyelinated fibers, were not seen in synaptic contact with either GABA- or NOS-containing neurons. Primary afferent terminals at the center of type 1 glomeruli (C1) and at the center of type 2 glomeruli (C2) are likely to originate from unmyelinated and small myelinated fibers, respectively. GABAergic terminals contacted more C2 than C1 terminals, suggesting more effective presynaptic inhibition of C2 terminals. Many GABAergic terminals were also positive for NOS, but all GABAergic terminals presynaptic to primary afferent terminals were negative for NOS. Only C2 terminals established frequent synapses with NOS-positive dendrites. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Perception of Wind Noise in Vehicles
Creators: name: Carr, Daniel Joseph
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2022
Subjects: Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Predictors of people’s responses to noise inside cars are used by car companies to identify and address potential noise problems from tests. Because significant advances have been made in the reduction of engine, powertrain, and tire/road noise, it is now important to pursue reductions in wind or aerodynamic noise. While models of loudness are commonly used to predict people’s responses to stationary wind noise, some wind noises are less acceptable than is predicted by the loudness metric. Additional sound characteristics may account for this. The research described in this dissertation was conducted in two main stages. The focus of the first stage was on improving acceptability predictions for stationary noise, by using additional sound quality metrics along with predictions of loudness. Three listening studies were designed and conducted, including one study with aspiration noise. Test sounds were a combination of recordings made on cars in a wind tunnel and modified recordings. Methods to modify individual sound characteristics were developed to de-correlate metrics across the set of test sounds, and to examine trends of acceptability with particular sound characteristics. Models of acceptability for stationary wind noise are significantly improved when a metric that predicts the sharpness of a sound is included in the model with the loudness metric. The focus of the second stage of the research was on improving acceptability predictions for non-stationary noise, particularly noise with the kind of variations that are expected from wind gusts. A simulation method was developed to generate sounds with controlled gusting features by modifying stationary noise recordings. Two listening studies were conducted containing simulated gusting sounds, and a gusting unacceptability metric was designed to predict subjects’ responses based on the strength, modulation rate, and duration of the gusts. The inclusion of this gusting metric significantly improved the goodness of fit of linear and logistic models of non-stationary noise acceptability containing Loudness and Sharpness.
3.6 and 4.5 $μ$m Phase Curves of the Highly-Irradiated Eccentric Hot Jupiter WASP-14b
Creators: name: Wong, Ian
name: Knutson, Heather A.
name: Lewis, Nikole K.
name: Kataria, Tiffany
name: Burrows, Adam
name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
name: Schwartz, Joel
name: Agol, Eric
name: Cowan, Nicolas B.
name: Deming, Drake
name: Désert, Jean-Michel
name: Fulton, Benjamin J.
name: Howard, Andrew W.
name: Langton, Jonathan
name: Laughlin, Gregory
name: Showman, Adam P.
name: Todorov, Kamen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present full-orbit phase curve observations of the eccentric ($e\sim 0.08$) transiting hot Jupiter WASP-14b obtained in the 3.6 and 4.5 $μ$m bands using the \textit{Spitzer Space Telescope}. We use two different methods for removing the intrapixel sensitivity effect and compare their efficacy in decoupling the instrumental noise. Our measured secondary eclipse depths of $0.1882\%\pm 0.0048\%$ and $0.2247\%\pm 0.0086\%$ at 3.6 and 4.5 $μ$m, respectively, are both consistent with a blackbody temperature of $2402\pm 35$ K. We place a $2σ$ upper limit on the nightside flux at 3.6 $μ$m and find it to be $9\%\pm 1\%$ of the dayside flux, corresponding to a brightness temperature of 1079 K. At 4.5 $μ$m, the minimum planet flux is $30\%\pm 5\%$ of the maximum flux, corresponding to a brightness temperature of $1380\pm 65$ K. We compare our measured phase curves to the predictions of one-dimensional radiative transfer and three-dimensional general circulation models. We find that WASP-14b's measured dayside emission is consistent with a model atmosphere with equilibrium chemistry and a moderate temperature inversion. These same models tend to over-predict the nightside emission at 3.6 $μ$m, while under-predicting the nightside emission at 4.5 $μ$m. We propose that this discrepancy might be explained by an enhanced global C/O ratio. In addition, we find that the phase curves of WASP-14b ($7.8 M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$) are consistent with a much lower albedo than those of other Jovian mass planets with thermal phase curve measurements, suggesting that it may be emitting detectable heat from the deep atmosphere or interior processes.
description: 17 pages, 18 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ
A Cartesian Cut Cell Method for Rarefied Flow Simulations around Moving Obstacles
Creators: name: Dechristé, Guillaume
name: Mieussens, Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For accurate simulations of rarefied gas flows around moving obstacles, we propose a cut cell method on Cartesian grids: it allows exact conservation and accurate treatment of boundary conditions. Our approach is designed to treat Cartesian cells and various kind of cut cells by the same algorithm, with no need to identify the specific shape of each cut cell. This makes the implementation quite simple, and allows a direct extension to 3D problems. Such simulations are also made possible by using an adaptive mesh refinement technique and a hybrid parallel implementation. This is illustrated by several test cases, including a 3D unsteady simulation of the Crookes radiometer.
The role of heparin-binding growth-associated molecule (HB-GAM) in the postsynaptic induction in cultured muscle cells
Creators: name: Ali, A. Afshan
name: Peng, H. Benjamin
name: Dai, Zhengshan
name: Daggett, David F.
name: Rauvala, Heikki
name: Raulo, Erkki
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: The heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPGs) is a components of the extracellular matrix of skeletal muscle that is concentrated at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Recent studies have suggested that HSPG, together with its bound peptide growth factors, plays important roles in autocrine or paracrine types of regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Heparin-binding growth-associated molecule (HB-GAM; also known as pleiotrophin, or p18) is a newly discovered HSPG-bound factor that is expressed at high levels in the developing CNS and PNS. In this study, we examined the role of this factor in NMJ development by examining its relationship to the formation of ACh receptor (AChR) clusters. Using an antibody against recombinant rat brain HB-GAM, we found that this protein is present prominently on the surface of cultured Xenopus myotomal muscle cells by immunocytochemistry. It is associated with HSPGs as evidenced by the fact that heparin and heparinase treatment greatly diminished the antibody labeling. HB-GAM is concentrated at preexisting AChR hot spots as well as at those induced by polystyrene beads. In addition, this molecule is also concentrated at AChR clusters induced by spinal cord neurons in nerve- muscle cocultures. To assess its function in synaptic induction, we applied recombinant HB-GAM-coated beads to cultured muscle cells to effect its focal presentation. Over 70% of these beads induced the formation of AChR clusters as shown by fluorescent alpha-bungarotoxin labeling. Furthermore, bath application of HB-GAM inhibited the nerve- induced formation of AChR clusters. Thus, HB-GAM is an endogenous muscle-derived factor that may be a component of the molecular mechanism in postsynaptic induction.
Figure S3 from Virus epidemics, plant-controlled population bottlenecks and the durability of plant resistance
Creators: name: Rousseau, Elsa
name: Bonneault, Mélanie
name: Fabre, Frédéric
name: Moury, Benoît
name: Mailleret, Ludovic
name: Grognard, Frédéric
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Relative damage as a function of RB variant frequency in susceptible plants.
Unification of classical nucleation theories via unified Itô-Stratonovich stochastic equation
Creators: name: Durán-Olivencia, Miguel A.
name: Lutsko, James F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical nucleation theory (CNT) is the most widely used framework to describe the early stage of first-order phase transitions. Unfortunately the different points of view adopted to derive it yield different kinetic equations for the probability density function, e.g. Zeldovich-Frenkel or Becker-Döring-Tunitskii equations. Starting from a phenomenological stochastic differential equation a unified equation is obtained in this work. In other words, CNT expressions are recovered by selecting one or another stochastic calculus. Moreover, it is shown that the unified CNT thus obtained produces the same Fokker-Planck equation as that from a recent update of CNT [J.F. Lutsko and M.A. Durán-Olivencia, J. Chem. Phys., 2013, 138, 244908] when mass transport is governed by diffusion. Finally, we derive a general induction-time expression along with specific approximations of it to be used under different scenarios. In particular, when the mass-transport mechanism is governed by direct impingement, volume diffusion, surface diffusion or interface transfer.
description: 1 figure
(1388) Sarah Emma Longley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary Texts from Virus epidemics, plant-controlled population bottlenecks and the durability of plant resistance
Creators: name: Rousseau, Elsa
name: Bonneault, Mélanie
name: Fabre, Frédéric
name: Moury, Benoît
name: Mailleret, Ludovic
name: Grognard, Frédéric
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Texts S1 to S4
AMPA Receptor Subunits Underlying Terminals of Fine-Caliber Primary Afferent Fibers
Creators: name: Rustioni, A.
name: Weinberg, R. J.
name: Popratiloff, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Postembedding immunogold electron microscopy was used to determine the relation of primary afferent terminals in superficial laminae of the spinal dorsal horn with AMPA receptor subunits. Immunogold particles coding for GluR1 and GluR2/3 were concentrated at synaptic sites, between 30 nm outside and 40 nm inside the postsynaptic membrane. Immunopositive synapses displayed round vesicles and asymmetric specializations, characteristic of terminals releasing excitatory neurotransmitters; symmetric synapses, characteristic of terminals releasing inhibitory amino acids, were immunonegative.
(1389) Emily Clara Foster
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Yet another time about time - Part I
Creators: name: Simeonov, Plamen L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents yet another personal reflection on one the most important concepts in both science and the humanities: time. This elusive notion has been not only bothering philosophers since Plato and Aristotle. It goes throughout human history embracing all analytical and creative (anthropocentric) disciplines. Time has been a central theme in physical and life sciences, philosophy, psychology, music, art and many more. This theme is known with a vast body of knowledge across different theories and categories. What has been explored concerns its nature (rational, irrational, arational), appearances/qualia, degrees, dimensions and scales of conceptualization (internal, external, fractal, discrete, continuous, mechanical, quantum, local, global, etc.). Of particular interest have been parameters of time such as duration ranges, resolutions, modes (present, now, past, future), varieties of tenses (e.g. present perfect, present progressive, etc.) and some intuitive, but also fancy phenomenological characteristics such as arrow, stream, texture, width, depth, density, even scent. Perhaps the most distinct characteristic of this fundamental concept is the absolute time constituting the flow of consciousness according to Husserl, the reflection of pure (human) nature without having the distinction between exo and endo. This essay is a personal reflection upon the meaning of time in modern physics and phenomenological philosophy.
description: 35 pages, 1 figures, to be published in: J. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology. Vol. 119, Issue 2. Special Theme Issue on Integral Biomathics: Life Sciences, Mathematics, and Phenomenological Philosophy. Elsevier. ISSN: 0079-6107, Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Vol. 119, Issue 2, 2015
Supplementary Material from Climate change effects on Black Sigatoka disease of banana.
Creators: name: Bebber, Daniel P.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional description of methods, computer code, analyses, and figures
title: Smalltooth Sawfish and Giant Manta Ray Bycatch Assessment and Estimation of Observer Coverage Required in the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Shrimp Trawl Fishery
Creators: name: Carlson, John
name: Babcock, Elizabeth A.
name: Peterson, Cheston
Publisher: name: NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/0396y0w87
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: SEFSC contribution SFD ; 2024-05
description: In 2024, NOAA Fisheries Service-Southeast Regional Office requested data and analyses to support the reinitiation of ESA Section 7 consultation on the Southeast U.S. shrimp fisheries in federal waters under the Magnuson-Stevens Act to address bycatch of giant manta ray and smalltooth sawfish, as well as compliance with the terms and conditions of the 2021 biological opinion’s incidental take statement.
(1385) William Boyle
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Chaotic self-sustaining structure embeded in turbulent-laminar interface
Creators: name: Teramura, Toshiki
name: Toh, Sadayoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An iterface structure between turbulence and laminar flow is investigated in two-dimensional channel flow. This spatially localized structure not only sustains itself, but also converts laminar state into turbulence actively. In other words, this coherent structure has a functionality to generate inhomogeneity by its inner dynamics. The dynamics of this functional coherent structure is isolated using the filtered simulation, and a physical perspective of its dynamics is summarized in a phenomenological model called an "ejection-jet" cycle, which includes multiscale interaction process.
Supplementary Material from Climate change effects on Black Sigatoka disease of banana
Creators: name: Bebber, Daniel P.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional description of methods, computer code, analyses, and figures
(1387) Laura Emma Longley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Deciding definability in FO2(
Creators: name: Place, Thomas
name: Segoufin, Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We provide a decidable characterization of regular forest languages definable in FO2(
Molecular Indices of Neuronal and Glial Plasticity in the Hippocampal Formation in a Rodent Model of Age-Induced Spatial Learning Impairment
Creators: name: Robbins, Michael
name: McKinney, Michael
name: Gallagher, Michela
name: Chouinard, Michael
name: Greene, Rhonda
name: Kent, Caroline
name: Personett, David
name: Sugaya, Kiminobu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Spatial learning ability was quantitated in young and aged Long-Evans rats, and molecular markers were assessed in the striatum and hippocampal formation using immunocytochemical, immunoblotting, and in situ hybridization histochemical procedures. The mRNA for beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta APP), most likely the transcript encoding the 695-amino acid form of this protein, was elevated in pyramidal and granule cells in the hippocampus of aged rats exhibiting poorer spatial learning. In immunoblots of hippocampal protein extracts, however, the level of beta APP-like immunoreactivity was depressed in the more impaired subjects. Similarly, the level in hippocampus of the mRNA for manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), a marker of oxidative stress, was positively correlated with the degree of behavioral impairment, but immunoblotting revealed that Mn-SOD protein was depressed in the aged hippocampus compared with young. The mRNAs for the neuronal form of nitric oxide synthase and for the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were elevated in the hippocampus in correlation with the extent of learning impairment. In the striatum, the levels of mRNA and protein for several candidate genes, including GFAP, were elevated in parallel with the learning index, but these were age effects. Several hippocampal proteins were unchanged (GFAP) or depressed (beta APP and Mn-SOD) in level, despite elevations in corresponding mRNAs. In the aged cohort, hippocampal GFAP mRNA, Mn-SOD mRNA, and beta APP emerged as predictors of behavioral impairment, suggesting the involvement of these hippocampal systems in age-related cognitive impairment.
(1382) Charles Thomas Longley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Markovian theory of dynamical decoupling by periodic control
Creators: name: Szczygielski, Krzysztof
name: Alicki, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently developed formalism of Markovian master equations for quantum open systems with external periodic driving is applied to the theory of dynamical decoupling by periodic control. This new approach provides a more detailed quantitative picture of this phenomenon applicable both to traditional NMR spectroscopy and to recent attempts of decoherence reduction in quantum devices. For popular choices of bath spectral densities and a two-level system, exact formulas for the relaxation rates are available. In the context of NMR imaging, the obtained formulas allow the extraction of a new parameter describing bath relaxation time from the experimental data.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures; final version with minor revisions added
title: An Update to the Population Viability Model for Giant Manta Ray for the Northwest Atlantic based on new estimates of Bycatch from the Southeast Shrimp Trawl Fishery
Creators: name: Carlson, John
Publisher: name: NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/0396y0w87
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: SEFSC contribution SFD ; 2024-06
description: In March 2024, SERO request data and analyses to support the reinitiation of ESA Section 7 consultation on the Southeast U.S. shrimp fisheries in federal waters under the Magnuson-Stevens Act to address bycatch of giant manta ray and smalltooth sawfish and compliance with the terms and conditions of the 2021 biological opinion’s incidental take statement.
Supplementary Material from Sexual ornaments but not weapons trade off against testes size in primates.
Creators: name: Lüpold, Stefan
name: Simmons, Leigh W.
name: Grueter, Cyril C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Extended methods, figures and tables
Development of Standards Procedures for Contribution Analysis of Agriculture and Forestry: NARSC 2016 Pre-Conference Workshop Proceedings
Creators: name: English, Leah
name: English, Leah
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The Development of Standard Procedures for Contribution Analysis of Agriculture and Forestry Workshop provided the opportunity for a diverse group of stakeholders to come together and discuss issues concerning contribution studies of the agriculture and forestry sectors. Those invited included university researchers, private research firms, members of government agencies, and university administrators. The objective was to assess current practices in contribution of agriculture and forestry research, with the goal of opening discussion toward the development of a standardized procedure for researchers conducting future studies.
Ansatz zur Unterstützung von Wissenstransfer und Entscheidungsfindung bei der Produktentwicklung mit faserverstärkten Kunststoffen durch Bereitstellung von situationsspezifischen Gestaltungsrichtlinien = Approach to support knowledge transfer and decision making in product development with fibrereinforced plastics through situation-specific design guidelines
Creators: name: Butenko, Viktoriia
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2020
Subjects: design guidelines
fiber-reinforced plastics
situation-specific providing of information
knowledge management
decision-support

description: „Denn Wissen selbst ist Macht" ist ein Satz, der vor langer Zeit von Francis Bacon geschrieben wurde. Im Laufe der Zeit hat nicht nur das Wissen an Bedeutung gewonnen, sondern vor allem auch der Umgang damit. Die Aussage "Wenn wir nur wüssten, was wir wissen" (Davenport & Prisak, 1998) ist zutreffend für viele Unternehmen. Es ist nicht mehr ein Mangel an Informationen, sondern ein Informationsüberschuss, der problematisch geworden ist. Die Möglichkeit, erfahrungsbasierte sowie entwicklungsrelevante Informationen in jeder Phase der Produktentwicklung zu finden und anzuwenden, hat zunehmend an Bedeutung für mittelständische und große Unternehmen gewonnen. Computergestützte Systeme leisten zusammen mit den Fortschritten der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien in den letzten Jahrzehnten einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Unterstützung des Wissensmanagements. Eine Herausforderung liegt derzeit weniger in den Informationstechnologien als vielmehr in der Entwicklung, Einführung und der kontinuierlichen Weiterentwicklung von Methoden für einen effizienten Umgang mit Wissen. Nicht nur die Unterstützung bei der Suche nach Informationen, sondern auch Methoden, die die qualitative, zielorientierte Erfassung und Dokumentation von relevantem Erfahrungswissen unterstützen, sind notwendig. Diese Arbeit trägt dazu bei, die Entscheidungsfindung in den frühen Phasen der Produktentwicklung mit faserverstärkten Kunststoffen zu unterstützen. Einerseits steht die Entwicklung eines Ansatzes zur Verbesserung des Wissenstransfers durch repräsentative Informationsdokumentation in Gestaltungsrichtlinien im Vordergrund. Als Grundlage für die Entwicklung des Ansatzes dient eine umfassende Analyse der bestehenden Gestaltungsrichtlinien für faserverstärkte Kunststoffe in der Literatur, Interviews mit Industrievertretern und die Durchführung von Studien. Andererseits steht auch ein Ansatz zur effizienten Entscheidungsunterstützung durch die Bereitstellung von situationsgerechten Informationen in Gestaltungsrichtlinien im Vordergrund. Eine Analyse verschiedener Methoden der multikriteriellen Entscheidungsunterstützung, einschließlich deren Bewertung auf die Eignung für den Einsatz, sowie die Erstellung einer Testumgebung zur Validierung des entwickelten Algorithmus zur Bereitstellung interaktiver Informationen in Gestaltungsrichtlinien trugen zur Konzeptentwicklung bei.
Benign Overfitting and Noisy Features
Creators: name: Li, Zhu
name: Su, Weijie J.
name: Sejdinovic, Dino
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Modern machine learning models often exhibit the benign overfitting phenomenon, which has recently been characterized using the double descent curves. In addition to the classical U-shaped learning curve, the learning risk undergoes another descent as we increase the number of parameters beyond a certain threshold. In this article, we examine the conditions under which benign overfitting occurs in the random feature (RF) models, that is, in a two-layer neural network with fixed first layer weights. Adopting a novel view of random features, we show that benign overfitting emerges because of the noise residing in such features. The noise may already exist in the data and propagates to the features, or it may be added by the user to the features directly. Such noise plays an implicit yet crucial regularization role in the phenomenon. In addition, we derive the explicit tradeoff between the number of parameters and the prediction accuracy, and for the first time demonstrate that overparameterized model can achieve the optimal learning rate in the minimax sense. Finally, our results indicate that the learning risk for overparameterized models has multiple, instead of double descent behavior, which is empirically verified in recent works. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Effects of substrate temperature on the unusual non-Fermi liquid metal to insulator transition in perovskite SrIrO3 thin films
Creators: name: Biswas, Abhijit
name: Jeong, Yoon Hee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic transport has been investigated for strong spin-orbit coupled perovskite SrIrO3 thin films grown at various substrate temperatures. The electronic transport of the SrIrO3 films is found to be very sensitive to the growth parameters; in particular, the film can either be a metal or an insulator depending upon the substrate growth temperature. While all the metallic films show unusual sublinear temperature dependent non-Fermi liquid behaviors in resistivity, the insulating film grown at a higher temperature stands out for its inhomogeneous Ir distribution, as analyzed by secondary ion mass spectrometry. This observation demonstrates that the inhomogeneous distribution of cations can be one of the fundamental factors in affecting the electronic transport in heavy element based oxide films and heterostructures.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures, published
Neurotoxic Lesions of Basolateral, But Not Central, Amygdala Interfere with Pavlovian Second-Order Conditioning and Reinforcer Devaluation Effects
Creators: name: Han, Jung Soo
name: Holland, Peter
name: Hatfield, Tammy
name: Gallagher, Michela
name: Conley, Michael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Considerable evidence suggests that various discrete nuclei within the amygdala complex are critically involved in the assignment of emotional significance or value to events through associative learning. Much of this evidence comes from aversive conditioning procedures. For example, lesions of either basolateral amygdala (ABL) or the central nucleus (CN) interfere with the acquisition or expression of conditioned fear. The present study examined the effects of selective neurotoxic lesions of either ABL or CN on the acquisition of positive incentive value by a conditioned stimulus (CS) with two appetitive Pavlovian conditioning procedures. In second-order conditioning experiments, rats first received light-food pairings intended to endow the light with reinforcing power. The acquired reinforcing power of the light was then measured by examining its ability to serve as a reinforcer for second-order conditioning of a tone when tone-light pairings were given in the absence of food. Acquisition of second-order conditioning was impaired in rats with ABL lesions but not in rats with CN lesions. In reinforcer devaluation procedures, conditioned responding of rats with ABL lesions was insensitive to postconditioning changes in the value of the reinforcer, whereas rats with CN lesions, like normal rats, were able to spontaneously adjust their CRs to the current value of the reinforcer. The results of both test procedures indicate that ABL, but not CN, is part of a system involved in CSs' acquisition of positive incentive value. Together with evidence that identifies a role for CN in certain changes in attentional processing of CSs in conditioning, these results suggest that separate amygdala subsystems contribute to a variety of processes inherent in associative learning.
(1383) Anne Matilda Longley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Braneworld Cosmological Perturbations in Teleparallel Gravity
Creators: name: Behboodi, A.
name: Akhshabi, S.
name: Nozari, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the fully gauge invariant cosmological perturbation equations in braneworld teleparallel gravity. In this theory, perturbations are the result of small fluctuations in the pentad field. We derive the gauge invariant 'potentials' for both geometric and matter variables. Unlike the metric fluctuations in general relativity, pentad perturbations can only contain scalar and vector modes. As a result, in teleparallel gravity, tensor modes including gravitational waves, come from the contortion tensor.
Latent Network Structure Learning From High-Dimensional Multivariate Point Processes
Creators: name: Cai, Biao
name: Zhang, Jingfei
name: Guan, Yongtao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Learning the latent network structure from large scale multivariate point process data is an important task in a wide range of scientific and business applications. For instance, we might wish to estimate the neuronal functional connectivity network based on spiking times recorded from a collection of neurons. To characterize the complex processes underlying the observed data, we propose a new and flexible class of nonstationary Hawkes processes that allow both excitatory and inhibitory effects. We estimate the latent network structure using an efficient sparse least squares estimation approach. Using a thinning representation, we establish concentration inequalities for the first and second order statistics of the proposed Hawkes process. Such theoretical results enable us to establish the non-asymptotic error bound and the selection consistency of the estimated parameters. Furthermore, we describe a least squares loss based statistic for testing if the background intensity is constant in time. We demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed method through simulation studies and an application to a neuron spike train dataset. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Supplementary Information from A new ophiocistioid with soft-tissue preservation from the Silurian Herefordshire Lagerstätte, and the evolution of the holothurian body plan.
Creators: name: Rahman, Imran A.
name: Thompson, Jeffrey R.
name: Briggs, Derek E. G.
name: Siveter, David J.
name: Siveter, Derek J.
name: Sutton, Mark D.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 60301 Animal Systematics and Taxonomy
subject: 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy

description: Description of characters used in phylogenetic analyses
(1384) Thomas Boyle
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Nitric oxide and peptide neurohormones activate cGMP synthesis in the crab stomatogastric nervous system
Creators: name: Graubard, Katherine
name: Truman, James W.
name: Goy, Michael F.
name: Scholz, Nathaniel L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: In the neural circuits that comprise the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system (STNS), synaptically delivered neurotransmitters and circulating neurohormones elicit a wide range of rhythmic motor outputs. However, functional roles for second messengers in this system are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate two different signaling pathways that control the synthesis of 3',5'-cGMP in the crab STNS. One pathway is activated by nitric oxide (NO) and is mediated by a cytoplasmic guanylate cyclase. A second pathway is stimulated by peptide-containing extracts from a crab neurohemal organ that activate a membrane-associated guanylate cyclase. Using whole-mount immunocytochemistry to localize individual cGMP-containing cells, we find that NO elevates intracellular cGMP in a small subset of STNS neurons. Immunopositive cells are found predominantly in the stomatogastric ganglion, with a few additional cells located in the oesophageal and commissural ganglia. Crab tissues differ in their sensitivities to NO and to the peptide-containing extract. The NO-mediated pathway is apparently restricted to the nervous system, whereas the peptidemediated pathway is present in every tissue tested. The results of these experiments demonstrate that multiple signaling pathways involving cGMP are present in the STNS and suggest that this second messenger may help control the metabolic and physiological status of these motor circuits.
Latent Network Structure Learning from High Dimensional Multivariate Point Processes
Creators: name: Cai, Biao
name: Zhang, Jingfei
name: Guan, Yongtao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Learning the latent network structure from large scale multivariate point process data is an important task in a wide range of scientific and business applications. For instance, we might wish to estimate the neuronal functional connectivity network based on spiking times recorded from a collection of neurons. To characterize the complex processes underlying the observed data, we propose a new and flexible class of nonstationary Hawkes processes that allow both excitatory and inhibitory effects. We estimate the latent network structure using an efficient sparse least squares estimation approach. Using a thinning representation, we establish concentration inequalities for the first and second order statistics of the proposed Hawkes process. Such theoretical results enable us to establish the non-asymptotic error bound and the selection consistency of the estimated parameters. Furthermore, we describe a least squares loss based statistic for testing if the background intensity is constant in time. We demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed method through simulation studies and an application to a neuron spike train data set.