cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A New Analysis of Spitzer Observations of Comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1
Creators: name: Schambeau, Charles A.
name: Fernandez, Yanga R.
name: Lisse, Carey M.
name: Samarasinha, Nalin
name: Woodney, Laura M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new analysis of ${\it Spitzer}$ observations of comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 taken on UT 2003 November 21, 23, and 24, similar to a previous investigation of the observations (Stansberry et al. 2004), but using the most recent ${\it Spitzer}$ data pipeline products and intensive image processing techniques. Analysis of images from the IRAC 5.8 & 8.0 $μ$m bands and the MIPS 24.0 & 70.0 $μ$m bands resulted in photometry measurements of the nucleus after a suite of coma modeling and removal processes were implemented. SW1 was not identified in the 5.8 $μ$m image from the previous work so its incorporation into this analysis is entirely new. Using the Near Earth Asteroid Thermal Model (Harris 1998) resulted in a nucleus radius measurement of $R$ = 30.2 $^{+3.7}_{-2.9}$ km and an infrared beaming parameter value of $η= 0.99$ $^{+0.26}_{-0.19}$. We also measured an infrared geometric albedo, $p_{5.8}$ = 0.5 $\pm$ 0.5. Extrapolating a 0.04 V-band albedo and using a normalized reflectivity gradient $S' = 14.94 \pm 1.09$ [% (1000 Å)$^{-1}$] (Duffard et al. 2014) we recover an infrared albedo of $p_{5.8}$ = 0.31 in the near infrared consistent with the value recovered from thermal modeling. The dust composition extracted from IRS spectra are very comet-like, containing mainly amorphous ferromagnesian silicates (but with a minority of crystalline silicates as well), water ice, and metal sulfides.
Quantum teleportation between a single-rail single-photon qubit and a coherent state qubit using hybrid entanglement under decoherence effects
Creators: name: Jeong, Hyunseok
name: Bae, Seunglee
name: Choi, Seongjeon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum teleportation between two different types of optical qubits using hybrid entanglement as a quantum channel under decoherence effects. One type of qubit employs the vacuum and single photon states for the basis, called a single-rail single-photon qubit, and the other utilizes coherent states of opposite phases. We find that teleportation from a single-rail single-photon qubit to a coherent state qubit is better than the opposite direction in terms of fidelity and success probability. We compare our results with those using a different type of hybrid entanglement between a polarized single-photon qubit and a coherent state.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Decreased Specific Star Formation Rates in AGN Host Galaxies
Creators: name: Shimizu, T. Taro
name: Mushotzky, Richard F.
name: Melendez, Marcio
name: Koss, Michael
name: Rosario, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the location of an ultra-hard X-ray selected sample of AGN from the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) catalog with respect to the main sequence (MS) of star-forming galaxies using Herschel-based measurements of the star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass (\mstar) from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) photometry where the AGN contribution has been carefully removed. We construct the MS with galaxies from the Herschel Reference Survey and Herschel Stripe 82 Survey using the exact same methods to measure the SFR and \mstar{} as the Swift/BAT AGN. We find a large fraction of the Swift/BAT AGN lie below the MS indicating decreased specific SFR (sSFR) compared to non-AGN galaxies. The Swift/BAT AGN are then compared to a high-mass galaxy sample (COLD GASS), where we find a similarity between the AGN in COLD GASS and the Swift/BAT AGN. Both samples of AGN lie firmly between star-forming galaxies on the MS and quiescent galaxies far below the MS. However, we find no relationship between the X-ray luminosity and distance from the MS. While the morphological distribution of the BAT AGN is more similar to star-forming galaxies, the sSFR of each morphology is more similar to the COLD GASS AGN. The merger fraction in the BAT AGN is much higher than the COLD GASS AGN and star-forming galaxies and is related to distance from the MS. These results support a model in which bright AGN tend to be in high mass star-forming galaxies in the process of quenching which eventually starves the supermassive black hole itself.
description: 23 pages, 14 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS 2015 June 23. In original form 2015 January 22
title: Diagnostic ultrasound and intraoperative findings on canal of Nuck hernia with ovary
Creators: name: Silva, Marta
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Paediatric radiology
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: Paediatric
subject: Pelvis
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 1-month-old girl was brought to the emergency department with a bulge on the left inguinal region, increasing with crying and with no inflammatory signs. Clinical inspection revealed a left inguinal swelling compatible with an irreducible inguinal hernia. An ultrasound was advised for further evaluation.

description: 1 month, female
Boosted Tidal Disruption by Massive Black Hole Binaries During Galaxy Mergers FROM The View of N-Body Simulation
Creators: name: Li, Shuo
name: Liu, F. K.
name: Berczik, Peter
name: Spurzem, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are productions of the hierarchical galaxy formation model. There are many close connections between central SMBH and its host galaxy because the former plays very important roles on the formation and evolution of a galaxy. For this reason, the evolution of SMBHBs in merging galaxies is an essential problem. Since there are many discussions about SMBHB evolution in gas rich environment, we focus on the quiescent galaxy, using tidal disruption as a diagnostic tool. Our study is based on a series of numerical large particle number direct N-body simulations for dry major mergers. According to the simulation results, the evolution can be divided into three phases. In phase I, the tidal disruption rate for two well separated SMBHs in merging system has similar level to single SMBH in isolate galaxy. After two SMBHs getting close enough to form a bound binary in phase II, the disruption rate can be enhanced for ~ 2 order of magnitudes within a short time. This "boosted" disruption stage finishes after the SMBHB evolving to compact binary system in phase III, corresponding to a drop back of disruption rate to a level of a few times higher than that in Phase I. How to correctly extrapolate our N-body simulation results to reality, and implications of our results to observations, are discussed too.
description: 16 pages, Accepted for publication in ApJ
A "Third Possibility" Revolution: The Success of Émigré Reporting Networks at Radio Free Europe During Poland's 1956 Thaw
Creators: name: Cayton, Frances
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: This thesis explores the essential role of Polish émigré journalists at Radio Free Europe to the station’s mission and Polish broadcasts throughout the first part of the 1950s, culminating in the 1956 thaw. Exploring how émigré journalists successfully translated Polish public opinion into station broadcast policy, this thesis argues that these two constituencies drew on a collective national consciousness to advocate for gradual communist reform. Using the June Poznań riots and the October thaw as case studies, this thesis examines the process by which American administrators at Radio Free Europe ceded authority to Polish journalists. Ultimately, this thesis concludes that 1956 proved essential to solidifying Radio Free Europe as a news source for Poles, by Poles.
On the Integral Cohomology Ring of Toric Orbifolds and Singular Toric Varieties
Creators: name: Bahri, Anthony
name: Sarkar, Soumen
name: Song, Jongbaek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M25, 55N91, 57R18

description: We examine the integral cohomology rings of certain families of $2n$-dimensional orbifolds $X$ that are equipped with a well-behaved action of the $n$-dimensional real torus. These orbifolds arise from two distinct but closely related combinatorial sources, namely from characteristic pairs $(Q,λ)$, where $Q$ is a simple convex $n$-polytope and $λ$ a labelling of its facets, and from $n$-dimensional fans $Σ$. In the literature, they are referred as toric orbifolds and singular toric varieties respectively. Our first main result provides combinatorial conditions on $(Q,λ)$ or on $Σ$ which ensure that the integral cohomology groups $H^{\ast}(X)$ of the associated orbifolds are concentrated in even degrees. Our second main result assumes these condition to be true, and expresses the graded ring $H^*(X)$ as a quotient of an algebra of polynomials that satisfy an integrality condition arising from the underlying combinatorial data. Also, we compute several examples.
description: 25 pages. The title has beed changed. The assumption of retraction sequence becomes weaker than the previous version, hence the main theorem covers wider class of orbifolds. Section 6 of the previous version has been separated into an independent article now in preparation. Some material has been added to improve the exposition
ALDO-study - Spironolactone and arrhythmia in hemodialysis [Cardiovascular effects of spironolactone in hemodialysis]
Creators: name: Nilsson, Erik
name: Eklund, Michael
name: Furuland, Hans
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: This is a study of the effects of mineralocorticoid receptor blocker Spironolactone on cardiovasular function in persons with End-Stage Renal disease on hemodialysis treatment. Aim is to investigate mechanisms by which spironolactone may have effects on the cardiovascular system, including cardiac electrical activity, vascular stiffness, oxidative stress and cardiac function.
COVID-19, Stay-Home Orders and Well-Being: Evidence from Google Trends
Creators: name: Brodeur, Abel
name: Clark, Andrew
name: Fleche, Sarah
name: Powdthavee, Nattavudh
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Other Public Health
subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Economics
subject: Mental and Social Health
subject: Community Health
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This paper will investigate the impact of the government response to COVID-19 on health and well-being using Google Trends data. More precisely, we aim to test the impact of stay-home orders on 12 Google Trend topics related to health and well-being in the US and Europe.
Language in the Dystopian Landscape: Wordplay, Euphemism, and Morality
Creators: name: Rigsby, Kacey
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: In my analysis of popular dystopian literature, I focus on the ways in which language, primarily neologism and euphemism, function to enhance and inform the dystopian societies. I argue that the wordplay used by the authors in question couples familiarity and unfamiliarity in their language to present readers with a confusing, morally ambiguous question. The language is often a manifestation of governmental control, and it convinces readers of the characters’ complete immersion in their respective realities. Through wordplay, readers are drawn in by familiar English roots, in the case of neologism, and even more familiar English words repurposed into euphemism. However, these words often playfully conceal their true meaning; once readers see through the wordplay, it is apparent that many of the words’ true meanings are frequently harmful and oppressive government practices that contribute to the society’sdystopian nature. The language is simultaneously playful and deadly. In this thesis, I analyze Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, Lois Lowry’s The Giver, George Saunders’s “Escape from Spiderhead” and “The Semplica Girl Diaries,” and Kurt Vonnegut’s “2BR02B” and “Welcome to the Monkey House.” I also briefly investigate George Orwell’s 1984, as it serves as a canonical precedent of language alteration in dystopian fiction in relation to the other works.
Optomechanical response of a non-linear mechanical resonator
Creators: name: Shevchuk, Olga
name: Singh, Vibhor
name: Steele, Gary A.
name: Blanter, Ya. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate theoretically in detail the non-linear effects in the response of an optical/microwave cavity coupled to a Duffing mechanical resonator. The cavity is driven by a laser at a red or blue mechanical subband, and a probe laser measures the reflection close to the cavity resonance. Under these conditions, we find that the cavity exhibits optomechanically induced reflection (OMIR) or absorption (OMIA) and investigate the optomechanical response in the limit of non-linear driving of the mechanics. Similar to linear mechanical drive, an overcoupled cavity the red-sideband drive may lead to both OMIA and OMIR depending on the strength of the drive, whereas the blue-sideband drive only leads to OMIR. The dynamics of the phase of the mechanical resonator leads to the difference between the shapes of the response of the cavity and the amplitude response of the driven Duffing oscillator, for example, at weak red-sideband drive the OMIA dip has no inflection point. We also verify that mechanical non-linearities beyond Duffing model have little effect on the size of the OMIA dip though they affect the width of the dip.
description: 9 pages and 8 figures
title: Challenging the Right Ventricle - from Elite Athletes to Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension
Creators: name: Kleinnibbelink, G
Publisher: name: Liverpool John Moores University
Year: 2022

description: Using echocardiography and adopting novel techniques such as speckle tracking echocardiography and the strain-area loop, we aimed to investigate acute and chronic effects of load challenges on right ventricular structure, function and mechanics. In the first part, we focused on the physiological cardiovascular effects of acute and chronic exercise in healthy individuals and elite athletes. Thereby, we explored whether acute effects were related to chronic cardiovascular adaptations. In the second part, we focused on altered haemodynamics and exercise in patients with pulmonary hypertension.
Patient reported satisfaction with acne treatment: a systematic review
Creators: name: van Zuuren, Esther
name: Tan, Jerry
name: Arents, Bernd
name: Miklas, Maegan
name: Schoones, Jan
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: Are there any patient reported measures (PROMs) on satisfaction with acne treatment? If so, what is the quality of these PROMs as assessed with the COSMIN methodology?
Male Sexual Orientation, Body Dissatisfaction, and Body Composition in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health
Creators: name: McLaughlin, James
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Previous research has established links between sexual orientation and body dissatisfaction, and between body dissatisfaction and eating pathology. This study sought toexamine the association between male sexual orientation and body composition, and whether body dissatisfaction mediates it in a nationally representative sample of 6,094 male respondentsfrom the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. By utilizing bivariate descriptive statistics and multivariate regression, I found that body dissatisfaction varies by malesexual orientation: a greater proportion of sexual minorities rated themselves at the two extremes of body dissatisfaction than heterosexuals. I also found that male sexual orientation has asignificant relationship with BMI: sexual minorities had a 1.3 point lower BMI on average compared to heterosexuals. However, this relationship was not mediated by body dissatisfaction.These findings suggest that other factors may play a role in the link between male sexual orientation and BMI, and that additional research on how body dissatisfaction relates to both male sexual orientation and BMI is needed.
title: Development of Tools to Support the Application of Physiologically-Based Kinetic Modelling in Safety Assessment
Creators: name: Thompson, C
Publisher: name: Liverpool John Moores University
Year: 2023

description: In safety assessment, one alternative to animal testing, that is increasingly being recognised as a suitable method for obtaining data, is read-across. This is the process by which information from one (source) chemical is used to infer information for another similar (target) chemical. However, determining similarity between chemicals is difficult as they cannot be considered as absolutely similar, only similar with respect to a given property. The research undertaken involved the development of two resources to address this problem. Within this thesis a resource is presented, wherein available physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) models have been collated and used in the development of a second resource, a KNIME workflow that can help to identify similar chemicals that have an existing PBK model. This enables PBK model information from source chemical(s) to be used in a read-across approach to help develop new PBK models for target chemicals. Initially, a systematic review of available PBK models in literature was undertaken; extraction of relevant information from the papers identified was captured in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet which consisted of over 7,500 PBK models. The chemical space coverage of the chemicals with PBK models was compared to that of six datasets for different types of chemicals (drugs, cosmetics, botanicals, industrial chemicals, pesticides and food additives) in terms of their key physicochemical properties (molecular weight, hydrogen bond acceptors/donors, Slog P, TPSA, and Lipinski rule violations). The PBK model dataset that had been created in Excel was used as a resource in the development of a KNIME workflow that helps to identify similar chemicals to a target chemical. This KNIME workflow was applied to six chemicals, one from each of the different datasets, to assess its applicability across various industries. Two complete case studies were then undertaken (using the drug atenolol and the pesticide flumioxazin) in which new PBK models were built for these two target chemicals, using data obtained from source chemicals that had been identified by the workflow as being similar. PBK models for the source chemicals were initially reproduced, before being adapted and used as templates for the target chemicals. The performance of the new PBK models was assessed by comparing the output of these to existing data. The results demonstrated that a read-across approach could be successfully applied for developing new PBK models for data-poor chemicals. Information acquired from these PBK models can be used to support safety assessment of chemicals, reducing reliance on animal testing.
Ultraviolet emission lines of Si II in cool star and solar spectra
Creators: name: Laha, Sibasish
name: Keenan, Francis P.
name: ferland, Gary J.
name: Ramsbottom, Catherine A.
name: Aggarwal, Kanti M.
name: Ayres, Thomas R.
name: Chatzikos, Marios
name: van Hoof, Peter A. M.
name: Williams, Robin J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent atomic physics calculations for Si II are employed within the Cloudy modelling code to analyse Hubble Space Telescope (HST) STIS ultraviolet spectra of three cool stars, Beta-Geminorum, Alpha-Centauri A and B, as well as previously published HST/GHRS observations of Alpha-Tau, plus solar quiet Sun data from the High Resolution Telescope and Spectrograph. Discrepancies found previously between theory and observation for line intensity ratios involving the 3s$^{2}$3p $^{2}$P$_{J}$--3s3p$^{2}$ $^{4}$P$_{J^{\prime}}$ intercombination multiplet of Si II at 2335 Angs are significantly reduced, as are those for ratios containing the 3s$^{2}$3p $^{2}$P$_{J}$--3s3p$^{2}$ $^{2}$D$_{J^{\prime}}$ transitions at 1816 Angs. This is primarily due to the effect of the new Si II transition probabilities. However, these atomic data are not only very different from previous calculations, but also show large disagreements with measurements, specifically those of Calamai et. al. (1993) for the intercombination lines. New measurements of transition probabilities for Si II are hence urgently required to confirm (or otherwise) the accuracy of the recently calculated values. If the new calculations are confirmed, then a long-standing discrepancy between theory and observation will have finally been resolved. However, if the older measurements are found to be correct, then the agreement between theory and observation is simply a coincidence and the existing discrepancies remain.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Comparison of bioactive compounds contained in discard solid state culture and Cordyceps militaris fruiting body wines
Creators: name: Sasirindara Labua
Publisher: name: Rangsit University
Year: 2023
Subjects: antioxidant activity
bioactive compound
Cordyceps millitaris fruiting body wine
discard solid state culture wine

description: ๋Journal of Current Science and Technology, 13, 1, 74-82
Spitzer Space Telescope Handbook
Creators: name: Van Dyk, Schuyler
Publisher: name: IPAC
Year: 2021

description: The Spitzer Telescope Handbook is one of a series of documents that explain the operations of the Spitzer Space Telescope and its three science instruments, the data received from the instruments and the processing carried out on the data. It contains a detailed description of the various phases of the Spitzer mission, including history, personnel, cryo operations, warm operations, spacecraft, cross-calibration and data archive.

This dataset or service is made available by the Infrared Science Archive (IRSA) at IPAC, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Impact of Boone fault fracturing on landslide hazards in Watauga County, North Carolina
Creators: name: Holtzman, Hannah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: The high concentration of landslides in Watauga County, North Carolina has been suggested to be the result of uplift in the southern Appalachians, related to the recently identified active Boone fault. Previous studies have modeled landslide susceptibility in the county and the kinematics of rock falls near the fault. In this study, I further explore how the Boone fault and associated parallel lineaments in Watauga County influence landslide hazards. Using a point-alignment-detection algorithm and other analyses, I determined that large-scale, WNW-trending lineaments do not have a significant control on the location of landslides. This finding suggests that while the large lineaments affect the entire region by breaking up the bedrock and enhancing weathering, especially where they cross the Blue Ridge Escarpment, they are not related to landslide hazards at a smaller scale. However, a preference for landslides to form on southeast-dipping slopes indicates that bedrock fabric does have some control on landslide locations. At the outcrop scale, I took field measurements of planar fractures and foliation at seven road cuts along US-321 south of the Boone fault to assess the impact of these small scale structures on rock slope stability. Kinematic analysis indicated that while all are at risk of failure, southeastern-facing slopes are especially hazardous where foliation is intersected by pervasive fractures, including those associated with the Boone fault.
Hyperelasticity in FEniCS
Creators: name: Mehr, Jafar Arash
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This website is a tutorial explaining basic concepts of hyperelasticity using an open-source finite
 element package (FEniCS). It briefly goes over the theory of hyperelasticity and implements different
 hyperelastic models using finite element method (FEM). The reader is assumed to be familiar with the
 fundamentals of continuum mechanics as well as FEM and coding in Python.
The Status of Racial Representations in North Carolina Elementary Social Studies Textbooks
Creators: name: Jenkins, Ashley
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The purpose of this study is to explore the patterns of racial inclusions and exclusions in
elementary social studies textbooks. To do this, a case study was performed on United States
History, Canada, Mexico, & Central America (Harcourt, 2003), which is a textbook by a major
publisher adopted by a central North Carolina school system. The study looked at each instance
of racial interaction in the textbook, and explored the type of resource (text, primary source,
etc.), the context of the inclusion, the racial group(s) mentioned, and the type of inclusion
(stereotype, marginalization, partial accuracy, accurate, hero making, and villain making).
Overall, there were strong biases against racial minorities portrayed in this book, which leads to
the conclusion that work needs to be done to improve portrayals of these groups in historical and
modern contexts in order to best meet the needs of our students.
Strategic Decision Making in Health Care
Creators: name: Chai, Jenniferr
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The United State health care system has branded itself on the world stage as spending the most while offering very little care in return. In a valiant effort to improve the health care system, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) was passed in March of 2010 in order to expand health care coverage, control health care costs, and improve the health delivery system. As a multitude of provisions become law, the health care environment is currently undergoing violent changes. Currently, health care administrators are facing new, unprecedented challenges in the wake of this violent change to their professional environment.
To observe how hospital administrators are reacting to the vast changes in the past five years, one-on-one interviews were conducted with the upper, middle, and lower managers at a public, research hospital institution. The interviews were a mechanism to (1) assess how hospitals were reacting to the implementation of the ACA, (2) explore the hospital administrators’ individual strategic decision-making process, and (3) delve into team hierarchy decision-making. The responses showed a change within personal and organizational behavior among health care administration in response to the changes in the health care environment.
The study provides an example of how decisions are made both individually and as a team within a rapidly changing health care environment. The results of the study illustrate potential patterns in decision-making. Furthermore, the study highlights best practices for other hospitals facing similar challenges in face of the implementation of the ACA.
Cost-utility analysis in chronic kidney disease patients awaiting kidney transplant; what pays? A systematic review protocol
Creators: name: Senanayake, Sameera
name: Graves, Nicholas
name: Healy, Helen
name: Baboolal, Keshwar
name: Kularatna, Sanjeewa
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Kidney transplant

description: Health systems are under pressure to deliver more effective care without expansion of resources. This is particularly pertinent to diseases like chronic kidney disease (CKD) that are exacting a substantial financial burden to many health systems. The aim of this study is to systematically review the Cost Utility Analysis (CUA) evidence generated across interventions for CKD patients undergoing kidney transplant.
What drives a poacher to illegally harvest wildlife: a systematic scoping review
Creators: name: Janssen, Jordi
name: Lemieux, Andrew
name: Ruiter, Stijn
name: Nivette, Amy
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: illegal harvesting
subject: poaching

description: What drives poachers to illegally harvest wildlife? Wildlife, both plants and animals, is a natural resource utilized by many households, primarily in developing countries, and is used as food, medicine, collectibles (e.g. pets), ornaments, or as construction materials. However, not all wildlife can be harvested legally, and frequently the harvest violates local or international legislation. The reasons as to why people illegally harvest wildlife, also referred to as poaching, has been subject to debate (Hope 2002; Duffy & St John 2013; Duffy et al. 2016) with many different drivers mentioned i.e. poverty (Kühl et al. 2009; Stiles 2011), food insecurity (Yamagiwa 2003), economic interests (Eliason 2012) and social disasters like war (Plumptre et al. 1997). The current understanding of these drivers seems to be hampered by a lack of empirical data (Duffy et al. 2016). In addition, drivers have been suggested as context dependent, contradictory to each other (van Velden et al. 2018) or part of a more complex context (Lunstrum & Givá 2020). Although many studies mention the drivers of illegal harvesting, empirical evidence for these drivers is frequently absent or in worst case, contradictory. Studies documenting drivers appear to be specific to certain regions (e.g. Muth and Bowe,1998), species (Huebschle 2017; Lunstrum & Givá 2020), or to a particular type of commodity (e.g. Bushmeat; Van Velden et al 2018). Consequently, there seems to be a lack of consensus of what drives poachers to illegally harvest wildlife. In addition, research on the drivers of illegal wildlife harvesting has attracted researchers from various disciplines, resulting in a high heterogeneity of documented drivers and resulting complexity of the available data. Policy interventions aimed at reducing the illegal harvest of wildlife depend on these studies, but might be less effective due to the complexity of available research. It is therefore necessary that a better understanding is generated of the literature discussing drivers of illegal harvesting. We here define the illegal harvest of wildlife as the intentional harvest and killing of non-timber wildlife in violation of national or international legislation This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the currently documented drivers, examine, and critically appraise the used methodology, identify key characteristics and factors related to drivers of illegal harvest, and to identify and analyse knowledge gaps to drivers of illegal harvest. The results from this review will provide an overview of the current literature as to what drives poachers to illegal harvest wildlife and will provide essential information for future policy interventions and research needs.
Effects of selective attention on mean size computation
Creators: name: Choi, Yong Min
name: Chong, Sang
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: attention
subject: ensemble perception
subject: mean size
subject: visual perception

description: For efficient use of limited capacity, the visual system summarizes redundant information and prioritizes relevant information, strategies known respectively as ensemble perception and selective attention. Although previous studies showed a close relationship between these strategies, the specific mechanisms underlying the relationship have not been determined. We investigated how attention modulated mean-size computation. Fourteen people participated in this study. We hypothesized that attention biases mean-size computation by increasing the contribution (weighted averaging) and the apparent size (perceptual enlargement) of an attended item. Consistent with this hypothesis, our results showed that estimated mean sizes were biased toward the attended size and overestimated regardless of the attended size, supporting weighted averaging and perceptual enlargement, respectively. Taken together, the observed effects of selective attention on mean-size computation signify a close relationship between the two optimization mechanisms to achieve efficient management of the visual system’s limited capacity.
Impact of sand mining on water quality and quantity of Mpenjati River-Mthembu.
Creators: name: Cele., Ntethelelo,
Publisher: name: Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Conservation and biodiversity
Environmental assessment and monitoring
Environmental education and extension
Natural resource management
Soil biology
Soil sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Sand mining is a global activity that is receiving increasing media attention due to perceived negative environmental and social impacts. As calls grow for stronger regulation of mining, there is a need to understand the scientific evidence to support effective management. Mpenjati river is one of the longest rivers in the lower south of KwaZulu Natal its flows in between mountains that is reach in variety of vegetation types and grasslands, sand mining has been spotted as the highest threat to the river and caused the water quality and quantity becomes harmful to plants, vertebrates and invertebrates fauna in the river. Several methods and material has been used to analyse, interpreted to reveal reliable results of the study of the river. The results of the research disclosed that there were many negative impacts which affects the river besides sand mining that changes water quality e.g. in July month had lot of wind that collects all sediments and deposited to the river, solar radiation and absence of riparian vegetation increased the temperature of the water which lead to high turbidity as well, quarry sediments also affected water quality of the river and extraction of sand at the banks of river system affected the quality of the river system .Rivers are dynamic and their physical and chemical characteristics can change over a scale of hours to years. Consequently, river and estuarine fish assemblages often exhibit large temporal variations in abundance and composition related to changes in a range of parameters such as river flow, river mouth phase, habitat availability, temperature, salinity and turbidity, all of which are likely to be highly affected by climate change. Many organisms become more stressed towards their range boundaries and the distributions of these species can be expected to shift as environmental conditions change.
Assessing the Relationship Between Measures of Pain Sensitivity and Chronic Pain Conditions Comorbid with TMD: The OPPERA Case-Control Study
Creators: name: Selukar, Subodh Rajesh
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Roughly 1 in 20 people in the United States suffers from temporomandibular disorders (TMD), a set of disorders with symptoms ranging from mild jaw pain to chronic, debilitating pain. Prior research has indicated that patients with TMD may have more conditions comorbid to TMD (such as back pain or fibromyalgia), and experts have called for further work to increase awareness of a possible relationship between comorbid conditions and pain sensitivity. Using data from the Orofacial Pain: Prospective
Evaluation and Risk Assessment (OPPERA) project's case-control study, we address this problem. We used regression methods to determine if the number of painful comorbid conditions was associated with 33 different pain measures. We also adjusted for possible biases due to the sampling design using Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) and also for multiple testing using Bonferroni adjustment. After these adjustments, we found that pressure pain measures were significantly associated with the number of comorbid conditions, but that in general other measures of pain sensitivity were not. Also, no association was detected when looking at cases versus controls individually. The surprising results that pain type had differential significance and that case status did not raises questions that warrant further research (alternatively, this may be due to decreased sample size to detect a difference between cases and controls).
Despite this, there did exist conclusive results to suggest that, at least for pressure pain measures, there is a relationship between the number of comorbid conditions and pain sensitivity.
Impacts of climate change on the intensity-duration-frequency curves of two urbanized areas in Brazil using the high-resolution Eta atmospheric model
Creators: name: Silva, Daniele Feitoza
name: Goldenfum, Joel Avruch
name: Simonovic, Slobodan P.
name: Dornelles, Fernando
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: In Brazil, little is known about climate change impacts on extreme events at local scale. Here, we explored ways of communicating it, in the form of intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves, using the nonstationary equidistant quantile matching (EQMNS) method. EQMNS was applied in two urbanized areas of Brazil: São Paulo and Porto Alegre. This research was conducted using recorded and modeled precipitation data, the latter using the Regional Climate Model Eta. Results indicated an increase in rainfall intensity for rare events, which were intensified under nonstationarity. The use of stationarity misrepresented the trends related to precipitation, being able to mask the direction of change in future conditions. Future IDFs with Eta’s 3-hourly resolution appeared to be intensified when compared with those from daily resolution. The increase in rainfall intensity was more significant for short durations than for daily ones, bringing concerns about associated hazards and their impacts on society and urban infrastructure.
Effect of Attention on Hypermnesia and the Testing Effect
Creators: name: Zhang, Angela
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Retrieval organization is the extent to which information is systematically organized during retrieval, and it is a mechanism that possibly contributes to two different memory phenomena: hypermnesia (i.e. the increase in net recall across successive retrieval attempts) and the testing effect (i.e. the superior memory performance produced by retrieval practice compared to restudying). While prior research has demonstrated that retrieval itself is resilient to the deleterious effects of divided attention (DA), little, if any, research has examined the effect of DA on retrieval organization, hypermnesia, or the testing effect in free recall. Thus, to address this issue, the current study combined the typical testing effect experiment with a divided attention manipulation during the restudy/retrieval phase. Participants first studied two lists of categorized words (phase 1) and then restudied one list and retrieved the other list over five successive attempts each, with restudy/retrieval occurring under either full attention (FA) or divided attention (DA) (phase 2). After a retention-interval of two days, the participants then completed the final free recall test (phase 3). The results from phase 2 revealed that both net recall and retrieval organization increased across successive attempts and that both hypermnesia and retrieval organization were resilient to DA. Thus, the results support the hypothesis that retrieval organization contributes to hypermnesia. Furthermore, the results from phase 3 revealed that the testing effect was larger in the DA condition than in the FA condition, suggesting that the encoding effects of free recall are also resilient to DA. However, as retrieval organization was equivalent across the restudy and retrieval conditions, these results do not support the hypothesis that retrieval organization contributes to the testing effect in free recall.
Adding Partial Functions to Constraint Logic Programming with Sets
Creators: name: Cristia, Maximiliano
name: Rossi, Gianfranco
name: Frydman, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Partial functions are common abstractions in formal specification notations such as Z, B and Alloy. Conversely, executable programming languages usually provide little or no support for them. In this paper we propose to add partial functions as a primitive feature to a Constraint Logic Programming (CLP) language, namely {log}. Although partial functions could be programmed on top of {log}, providing them as first-class citizens adds valuable flexibility and generality to the form of set-theoretic formulas that the language can safely deal with. In particular, the paper shows how the {log} constraint solver is naturally extended in order to accommodate for the new primitive constraints dealing with partial functions. Efficiency of the new version is empirically assessed by running a number of non-trivial set-theoretical goals involving partial functions, obtained from specifications written in Z.
Developing Artificial Intelligence to Process Correspondence to Primary Care: Baseline interviews and user requirements
Creators: name: Darley, Sarah
name: Brown, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: AI
subject: general practice
subject: health informatics
subject: primary care

description: UK GP practices receive hundreds of letters regarding their patients each day – and this is increasing in both volume and complexity year on year. This correspondence is a vital part of patient care and safety. Letters are traditionally read and processed by General Practitioners (GPs), however a more efficient alternative could be to harness advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI). This qualitative study aims to provide understanding of how letters regarding patients are currently processed within UK GP practices and staff perspectives of how AI might be used in this process. We will interview staff in GP practices and conduct usability tests to answer our main research question, which is: how do UK GP practices currently process letters regarding patients and how might AI be used in this process? Objectives are to understand: 1. How UK GP practices currently process letters. 2. The challenges and good practices when processing letters in UK primary care. 3. If automation / AI could help, and if so how it could be designed for optimal impact.
The Impact of State-Level Abortion Restrictions on Female Labor Supply
Creators: name: Roberts, Benjamin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Over the past decade, conservative states in the US have passed a wide array of laws restricting abortion access to a point unseen since the landmark decision of Roe v. Wade. While the literature has frequently studied the effect of abortion liberalization and increased contraceptive access on fertility and female labor force participation, there has been a notable absence of studies pertaining to these new and unprecedented restrictions. Further, changes in cultural attitudes toward and increases in contraceptive access, female education and female participation in the labor force present a new environment in which the effects of abortion restrictions can be examined. This study uses a Two-Stage Least Squares model in order control for the endogeneity of fertility and test whether recent abortion restrictions have a negative impact on female labor force participation through the mechanism of fertility. The paper is also novel in using a discrete time hazard model to examine the effect of abortion restrictions on the timing of first births. We find that, while the abortion restrictions can not be properly identified as instruments for current fertility, almost all of the policies policies do exhibit a positive and significant effect on the expected odds of first births, even when controlling for state fixed effects and time invariant heterogeneity at the individual level. Further, the female labor force participation equation with no correction for endogeneity indicates a negative and statistically significant association between fertility and female LFP.
Identification of individuals at Risk for severe COVID-19 after SARS-CoV-2 Infection based on clinical, laboratory variables and image features: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Short title: Characteristics for patients with severe COVID-19
Creators: name: Liu, Lei
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: The pooled overall, demographic and geographic characteristics of clinical symptoms, laboratory variables and image features for patients at different stages of COVID-19 are rare. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify factors or biomarkers for the development of severe COVID-19 that could be useful in clinical practice.
Probing non polar interstellar molecules through their protonated form: Detection of protonated cyanogen (NCCNH+)
Creators: name: Agundez, M.
name: Cernicharo, J.
name: de Vicente, P.
name: Marcelino, N.
name: Roueff, E.
name: Fuente, A.
name: Gerin, M.
name: Guelin, M.
name: Albo, C.
name: Barcia, A.
name: Barbas, L.
name: Bolano, R.
name: Colomer, F.
name: Diez, M. C.
name: Gallego, J. D.
name: Gomez-Gonzalez, J.
name: Lopez-Fernandez, I.
name: Lopez-Fernandez, J. A.
name: Lopez-Perez, J. A.
name: Malo, I.
name: Serna, J. M.
name: Tercero, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cyanogen (NCCN) is the simplest member of the series of dicyanopolyynes. It has been hypothesized that this family of molecules can be important constituents of interstellar and circumstellar media, although the lack of a permanent electric dipole moment prevents its detection through radioastronomical techniques. Here we present the first solid evidence of the presence of cyanogen in interstellar clouds through the detection of its protonated form toward the cold dark clouds TMC-1 and L483. Protonated cyanogen (NCCNH+) has been identified through the J=5-4 and J=10-9 rotational transitions using the 40m radiotelescope of Yebes and the IRAM 30m telescope. We derive beam averaged column densities for NCCNH+ of (8.6+/-4.4)e10 cm-2 in TMC-1 and (3.9+/-1.8)e10 cm-2 in L483, which translate to fairly low fractional abundances relative to H2, in the range (1-10)e-12. The chemistry of protonated molecules in dark clouds is discussed, and it is found that, in general terms, the abundance ratio between the protonated and non protonated forms of a molecule increases with increasing proton affinity. Our chemical model predicts an abundance ratio NCCNH+/NCCN of 1e-4, which implies that the abundance of cyanogen in dark clouds could be as high as (1-10)e-8 relative to H2, i.e., comparable to that of other abundant nitriles such as HCN, HNC, and HC3N.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters