cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Radiative energy and momentum transfer for various spherical shapes: a single sphere, a bubble, a spherical shell and a coated sphere
Creators: name: Zheng, Yi
name: Ghanekar, Alok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use fluctuational electrodynamics to determine emissivity and van der Waals contribution to surface energy for various spherical shapes, such as a sphere, a bubble, a spherical shell and a coated sphere, in a homogeneous and isotropic medium. Near-field radiative transfer and momentum transfer between flat plates and curved surfaces have been studied for the past decades, however the investigation of radiative heat transfer and van der Waals stress due to fluctuations of electromagnetic fields for a single object is missing from literature. The dyadic Green's function formalism of radiative energy and fluctuation-induced van der Waals stress for different spherical configurations have been developed. We show (1) emission spectra of micro and nano-sized spheres display several emissivity sharp peaks as the size of object reduces, and (2) surface energy becomes size dependent due to van der Waals phenomena when size of object is reduced to a nanoscopic length scale.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
La monetazione punica in Sicilia, Sardegna e Italia meridionale: venti anni di studi
Creators: name: Manfredi, Lorenza Ilia
Publisher: name: Fisciano (SA): Università degli Studi di Salerno; Roma: Edizioni Quasar
Year: 2020
Subjects: Numismatics
Coin circulation
Coin finds
Archaeology
Ancient economy
Ancient history
Ancient coinage
Ancient numismatics
Roman numismatics and archaeology
Ancient greek numismatics
Medieval numismatics

description: This is a survey of numismatic research on Punic coinage in Italy conducted in the twenty years. The Carthaginian series in Sicily, in the islands of the Strait of Sicily, in Sardinia and the Italian Peninsula date from the end of the 5th century B.C. to 211 B.C. They begin with the coins of Phoenician tradition minted by Motya, Panormos ans Solus and end with the series that circulated during Hannibal’s campaing in Italy. This review has made it possible to reexamine topics that are still open to investigation, including, in particular, the identification of Italian and island mints in relation to the monetary policy of the Carthaginian motherland.
Beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation with quantum Monte Carlo
Creators: name: Tubman, Norm M.
name: Kylänpää, Ilkka
name: Hammes-Schiffer, Sharon
name: Ceperley, David M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we develop tools that enable the study of non-adiabatic effects with variational and diffusion Monte Carlo methods. We introduce a highly accurate wave function ansatz for electron-ion systems that can involve a combination of both fixed and quantum ions. We explicitly calculate the ground state energies of H$_{2}$, LiH, H$_{2}$O and FHF$^{-}$ using fixed-node quantum Monte Carlo with wave function nodes that explicitly depend on the ion positions. The obtained energies implicitly include the effects arising from quantum nuclei and electron-nucleus coupling. We compare our results to the best theoretical and experimental results available and find excellent agreement.
description: 6 Pages
Imagining Justice: A Critical Review of Juvenile Justice Reform in Praxis
Creators: name: Malina, Taylor
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Imagining Justice
subject: Praxis
subject: Juvenile Justice
subject: Juvenile Justice Reform
subject: CCSRE
subject: Diversion Program
subject: Prevention Program
subject: "At-Promise" Youth
subject: Positive Youth Development

description: In this paper, I talk about my experiences working with Imagining Justice, which is creating an arts-based prevention/diversion program for youth impacted by the justice system. The Imagining Justice program is structured around the ideals of positive youth development and using the arts as a tool for reflection, healing, and empowerment. I also analyze my own role in the program as a person of privilege and how I navigated my work among a community that I am not a part of. The paper includes my key deliverables: a chart of juvenile case flow, an Imagining Justice white paper, and a proposal for collaboration with the Stanford Arts Institute
Origin and Evolution of HIV-1 in Breast Milk Determined by Single-Genome Amplification and Sequencing
Creators: name: Lovingood, R. V.
name: Shaw, G. M.
name: Letvin, N. L.
name: Learn, G. H.
name: Hahn, B. H.
name: Salazar-Gonzalez, J. F.
name: Kalilani, L.
name: Montefiori, D. C.
name: Wilks, A. B.
name: Fouda, G. G.
name: Denny, T. N.
name: Permar, S. R.
name: Mahlokozera, T.
name: Kang, H. H.
name: Meshnick, S. R.
name: Stacey, A.
name: Borrow, P.
name: Salazar, M. G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: HIV transmission via breastfeeding accounts for a considerable proportion of infant HIV acquisition. However, the origin and evolution of the virus population in breast milk, the likely reservoir of transmitted virus variants, are not well characterized. In this study, HIV envelope (env) genes were sequenced from virus variants amplified by single-genome amplification from plasmas and milk of 12 chronically HIV-infected, lactating Malawian women. Maximum likelihood trees and statistical tests of compartmentalization revealed interspersion of plasma and milk HIV env sequences in the majority of subjects, indicating limited or no compartmentalization of milk virus variants. However, phylogenetic tree analysis further revealed monotypic virus variants that were significantly more frequent in milk (median proportion of identical viruses, 29.5%; range, 0 to 61%) than in plasma (median proportion of identical viruses, 0%; range, 0 to 26%) (P = 0.002), suggesting local virus replication in the breast milk compartment. Moreover, clonally amplified virus env genes in milk produced functional virus Envs that were all CCR5 tropic. Milk and plasma virus Envs had similar predicted phenotypes and neutralization sensitivities to broadly neutralizing antibodies in both transmitting and nontransmitting mothers. Finally, phylogenetic comparison of longitudinal milk and plasma virus env sequences revealed synchronous virus evolution and new clonal amplification of evolved virus env genes in milk. The limited compartmentalization and the clonal amplification of evolving, functional viruses in milk indicate continual seeding of the mammary gland by blood virus variants, followed by transient local replication of these variants in the breast milk compartment.
Point spread function modeling and images restoration for cone-beam CT
Creators: name: Zhang, Hua
name: Huang, Kuidong
name: Shi, Yikai
name: Xu, Zhe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray cone-beam computed tomography (CT) has the notable features such as high efficiency and precision, and is widely used in the fields of medical imaging and industrial non-destructive testing, but the inherent imaging degradation reduces the quality of CT images. Aimed at the problems of projection images degradation and restoration in cone-beam CT, a point spread function (PSF) modeling method is proposed firstly. The general PSF model of cone-beam CT is established, and based on it, the PSF under arbitrary scanning conditions can be calculated directly for projection images restoration without the additional measurement, which greatly improved the application convenience of cone-beam CT. Secondly, a projection images restoration algorithm based on pre-filtering and pre-segmentation is proposed, which can make the edge contours in projection images and slice images clearer after restoration, and control the noise in the equivalent level to the original images. Finally, the experiments verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Método para diseñar buenas prácticas de innovación educativa docente
Creators: name: Fidalgo-Blanco, Ángel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Indicadores Innovación Educativa, Mejoras de Aprendizaje, Tendencias de Innovación Educativa, Método MAIN

description: Uno de los problemas al que se enfrenta el profesorado que desea innovar en sus clases es la saturación de información para hacerlo. Centenares de tecnologías, métodos, modelos y técnicas. Hay experiencias distintas que utilizan una misma tecnología, un mismo método que se utiliza para obtener distintos objetivos de aprendizaje, técnicas que se aplican en innumerables casos y modelos demasiado genéricos. Sin embargo, comenzar a innovar en la educación es más sencillo de lo que parece, basta con seguir un conjunto de procesos y filtros que nos van a indicar qué tecnología es la más adecuada, así como los métodos más propicios para utilizarlos en nuestras aulas. El taller “Método para diseñar buenas prácticas de innovación educativa docente” trata de exponer un método para que el profesorado pueda planificar y desarrollar una buena práctica de innovación educativa docente. El taller está organizado por La Dirección de Desarrollo Académico de la Universidad Central del Ecuador. Se imparte de forma online el día 21 de septiembre de 13 a 15 horas (Horario Ecuador). El taller se enmarca en un Curso-Taller Internacional denominado “Estrategias para innovar en la Educación Superior”. Este documento representa una ampliación de la presentación utilizada en el taller a través de textos que se utilizan habitualmente en cursos de formación impartidos por el autor. Las referencias bibliográficas, mayoritariamente, son de trabajos científicos en los que ha participado el autor y a través de las cuales se puede obtener más información sobre las frases a las que se hace referencia.
Polyclonal B Cell Responses to Conserved Neutralization Epitopes in a Subset of HIV-1-Infected Individuals
Creators: name: Wibmer, C. K.
name: Shaw, G. M.
name: Tong, T.
name: Montefiori, D. C.
name: Morris, L.
name: Alam, S. M.
name: Decker, J.
name: Cohen, M.
name: Binley, J. M.
name: Moore, P. L.
name: Tumba, N.
name: Shen, X.
name: Crump, J. A.
name: Haynes, B. F.
name: Gray, E. S.
name: Gao, F.
name: Abdool Karim, S.
name: Kamanga, G.
name: Easterbrook, P.
name: Yates, N. L.
name: Osawa, K.
name: Crooks, E. T.
name: Tomaras, G. D.
name: Mascola, J. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: A small proportion of HIV-infected individuals generate a neutralizing antibody (NAb) response of exceptional magnitude and breadth. A detailed analysis of the critical epitopes targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies should help to define optimal targets for vaccine design. HIV-1-infected subjects with potent cross-reactive serum neutralizing antibodies were identified by assaying sera from 308 subjects against a multiclade panel of 12 “tier 2” viruses (4 each of subtypes A, B, and C). Various neutralizing epitope specificities were determined for the top 9 neutralizers, including clade A-, clade B-, clade C-, and clade A/C-infected donors, by using a comprehensive set of assays. In some subjects, neutralization breadth was mediated by two or more antibody specificities. Although antibodies to the gp41 membrane-proximal external region (MPER) were identified in some subjects, the subjects with the greatest neutralization breadth targeted gp120 epitopes, including the CD4 binding site, a glycan-containing quaternary epitope formed by the V2 and V3 loops, or an outer domain epitope containing a glycan at residue N332. The broadly reactive HIV-1 neutralization observed in some subjects is mediated by antibodies targeting several conserved regions on the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein.
Reappraisal of the Relationship between the HIV-1-Protective Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism 35 Kilobases Upstream of the HLA-C Gene and Surface HLA-C Expression
Creators: name: Corrah, T. W.
name: Goonetilleke, N.
name: Deeks, S. G.
name: Kopycinski, J.
name: Brackenridge, S.
name: Borrow, P.
name: McMichael, A.
name: Cohen, M. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Previous studies have found an association between a single-nucleotide polymorphism 35 kb upstream of the HLA-C locus (−35 SNP), HLA-C expression, and HIV-1 set point viral loads. We show that the difference in HLA-C expression across −35 SNP genotypes can be attributed primarily to the very low expression of a single allelic product, HLA-Cw7, which is a common HLA type. We suggest that association of the −35 SNP and HIV-1 load manifests as a result of linkage disequilibrium of this polymorphism with both favorable and unfavorable HLA-C and -B alleles.
Receptor Binding Profiles of Avian Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Subtypes on Human Cells as a Predictor of Pandemic Potential
Creators: name: Ren, J.
name: Barclay, W. S.
name: Pickles, R. J.
name: Jones, I. M.
name: Loureiro, S.
name: Shelton, H.
name: Ayora-Talavera, G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The host adaptation of influenza virus is partly dependent on the sialic acid (SA) isoform bound by the viral hemagglutinin (HA). Avian influenza viruses preferentially bind the α-2,3 SA and human influenza viruses the α-2,6 isoform. Each isoform is predominantly associated with different surface epithelial cell types of the human upper airway. Using recombinant HAs and human tracheal airway epithelial cells in vitro and ex vivo, we show that many avian HA subtypes do not adhere to this canonical view of SA specificity. The propensity of avian viruses to adapt to human receptors may thus be more widespread than previously supposed.
Regulation of the Production of Infectious Genotype 1a Hepatitis C Virus by NS5A Domain III
Creators: name: Lemon, S. M.
name: Yi, M.
name: Kim, S.
name: Welsch, C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Although hepatitis C virus (HCV) assembly remains incompletely understood, recent studies with the genotype 2a JFH-1 strain suggest that it is dependent upon the phosphorylation of Ser residues near the C terminus of NS5A, a multifunctional nonstructural protein. Since genotype 1 viruses account for most HCV disease yet differ substantially in sequence from that of JFH-1, we studied the role of NS5A in the production of the H77S virus. While less efficient than JFH-1, genotype 1a H77S RNA produces infectious virus when transfected into permissive Huh-7 cells. The exchange of complete NS5A sequences between these viruses was highly detrimental to replication, while exchanges of the C-terminal domain III sequence (46% amino acid sequence identity) were well tolerated, with little effect on RNA synthesis. Surprisingly, the placement of the H77S domain III sequence into JFH-1 resulted in increased virus yields; conversely, H77S yields were reduced by the introduction of domain III from JFH-1. These changes in infectious virus yield correlated well with changes in the abundance of NS5A in RNA-transfected cells but not with RNA replication or core protein expression levels. Alanine replacement mutagenesis of selected Ser and Thr residues in the C-terminal domain III sequence revealed no single residue to be essential for infectious H77S virus production. However, virus production was eliminated by Ala substitutions at multiple residues and could be restored by phosphomimetic Asp substitutions at these sites. Thus, despite low overall sequence homology, the production of infectious virus is regulated similarly in JFH-1 and H77S viruses by a conserved function associated with a C-terminal Ser/Thr cluster in domain III of NS5A.
Tidal disruptions in circumbinary disks. II: Observational signatures in the reverberation spectra
Creators: name: Brem, Patrick
name: Cuadra, Jorge
name: Amaro-Seoane, Pau
name: Komossa, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supermassive Binary Black Holes (SMBBHs) with sub-pc separations form in the course of galaxy mergers, if both galaxies harbour massive black holes. Clear observational evidence for them however still eludes us. We propose a novel method of identifying these systems by means of reverberation mapping their circumbinary disk after a tidal disruption event has ionized it. The tidal disruption of a star at the secondary leads to strong asymmetries in the disk response. We model the shape of the velocity--delay maps for various toy disk models and more realistic gas distributions obtained by SPH simulations. The emissivity of the ionized disk is calculated with {\em Cloudy}. We find peculiar asymmetries in the maps for off center ionizing sources that may help us constrain geometrical parameters of a circumbinary disk such as semi-major axis and orbital phase of the secondary, as well as help strengthen the observational evidence for sub-parsec SMBBHs as such.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
title: Linking protection goals to trigger values using compound specific properties: Chronic risks to bees
Creators: name: Miles, Mark
name: Gao, Zhenglei
name: Preuss, Thomas
Publisher: name: Julius Kühn-Institut
Year: 2018

description: In the EFSA guidance document for the assessment of risk of plant protection products for bees the screening and tier I trigger for chronic risk to bees is linked to a trigger value which is intended to meet a certain level of protection. However, the methods used to derive the trigger of 0.03 do not take into account several factors including the shape and nature of the dose-repose used to generate the endpoint. This means that the resultant proposed trigger leads to a large over estimation of risk with a large number of compounds failing the risk assessment and being incorrectly identified as a higher chronic risk to honey bees. We analyzed the methods used in the selection of the trigger of 0.03 and propose simple adaptations to evaluate all active substances to the same level of protection by taking into account the type of endpoint and the dose response relationship. We found that by using the correct dose-response relationships we could accurately ensure that the desired level of protection was met. We checked our proposal using real-life examples of seven substances registered for use within the European Union and discuss how these proposals could be used to inform risk assessors and risk managers as well as potentially reducing the number of false positive and negatives in a risk assessment.
description: Julius-Kühn-Archiv, Nr. 462 (2018): Hazards of pesticides to bees 13th International Symposium of the ICP-PR Bee Protection Group 18. - 20. October 2017, València (Spain) - Proceedings -
The Genetic Bottleneck in Vertical Transmission of Subtype C HIV-1 Is Not Driven by Selection of Especially Neutralization-Resistant Virus from the Maternal Viral Population
Creators: name: Keys, J.
name: Mwapasa, V.
name: Kwiek, J. J.
name: Russell, E. S.
name: Montefiori, D. C.
name: Meshnick, S. R.
name: Swanstrom, R.
name: Barton, K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Subtype C human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1C) continues to cause the majority of new cases of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), and yet there are limited data on HIV-1C transmission. We amplified env from plasma RNA for 19 HIV-1C MTCT pairs, 10 transmitting in utero (IU) and 9 transmitting intrapartum (IP). There was a strong genetic bottleneck between all mother-infant pairs, with a majority of transmission events involving the transmission of a single virus. env genes of viruses transmitted to infants IP, but not IU, encoded Env proteins that were shorter and had fewer putative N-linked glycosylation sites in the V1-V5 region than matched maternal sequences. Viruses pseudotyped with env clones representative of each maternal and infant population were tested for neutralization sensitivity. The 50% inhibitory concentration of autologous serum was similar against both transmitted (infant) and nontransmitted (maternal) viruses in a paired analysis. Mother and infant Env proteins were also similar in sensitivity to soluble CD4, to a panel of monoclonal antibodies, and to heterologous HIV-1C sera. In addition, there was no difference in the breadth or potency of neutralizing antibodies between sera from 50 nontransmitting and 23 IU and 23 IP transmitting HIV-1C-infected women against four Env proteins from heterologous viruses. Thus, while a strong genetic bottleneck was detected during MCTC, with viruses of shorter and fewer glycosylation sites in env present in IP transmission, our data do not support this bottleneck being driven by selective resistance to antibodies.
The Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier during Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Infection
Creators: name: Brooke, C. B.
name: Whitmore, A. C.
name: Schafer, A.
name: Johnston, R. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus is a mosquito-borne alphavirus associated with sporadic outbreaks in human and equid populations in the Western Hemisphere. After the bite of an infected mosquito, the virus initiates a biphasic disease: a peripheral phase with viral replication in lymphoid and myeloid tissues, followed by a neurotropic phase with infection of central nervous system (CNS) neurons, causing neuropathology and in some cases fatal encephalitis. The mechanisms allowing VEE virus to enter the CNS are currently poorly understood. Previous data have shown that the virus gains access to the CNS by infecting olfactory sensory neurons in the nasal mucosa of mice. However, at day 5 after inoculation, the infection of the brain is multifocal, indicating that virus particles are able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To better understand the role of the BBB during VEE virus infection, we used a well-characterized mouse model system. Using VEE virus replicon particles (VRP), we modeled the early events of neuroinvasion, showing that the replication of VRP in the nasal mucosa induced the opening of the BBB, allowing peripherally administered VRP to invade the brain. Peripheral VEE virus infection was characterized by a biphasic opening of the BBB. Further, inhibition of BBB opening resulted in a delayed viral neuroinvasion and pathogenesis. Overall, these results suggest that VEE virus initially enters the CNS through the olfactory pathways and initiates viral replication in the brain, which induces the opening of the BBB, allowing a second wave of invading virus from the periphery to enter the brain.
Colloidal Plasmonic Titanium Nitride Nanoparticles: Properties and Applications
Creators: name: Guler, Urcan
name: Suslov, Sergey
name: Kildishev, Alexander V.
name: Boltasseva, Alexandra
name: Shalaev, Vladimir M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical properties of colloidal plasmonic titanium nitride nanoparticles are examined with an eye on their photothermal via transmission electron microscopy and optical transmittance measurements. Single crystal titanium nitride cubic nanoparticles with an average size of 50 nm exhibit plasmon resonance in the biological transparency window. With dimensions optimized for efficient cellular uptake, the nanoparticles demonstrate a high photothermal conversion efficiency. A self-passivating native oxide at the surface of the nanoparticles provides an additional degree of freedom for surface functionalization.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, 1 abstract figure
Type I Interferon Contributes to CD4+ T Cell Depletion Induced by Infection with HIV-1 in the Human Thymus
Creators: name: Zhang, L.
name: Sivaraman, V.
name: Su, L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Persistent induction of type 1 interferon (IFN) is associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. We report here that the pathogenic HIV strain R3A (HIV-R3A) induced high levels of type 1 IFN, while the nonpathogenic HIV-R3B showed no significant induction in human fetal thymus organ culture (HFTOC). We found that IFN contributed to the depletion of human T cells by HIV-R3A in a fusion-independent fashion. The R3B recombinant with the R3A Env V1V2 domain (R3B/A-V1V2) was able to induce type 1 IFN, which contributed to the increased depletion of T cells. Therefore, type 1 IFN induction plays a significant role in HIV-induced T cell depletion in the human thymus.
Global competence and foreign-language learning in Japan: an exploration of stakeholder perspectives on the goals and challenges of global competence-oriented FL education in Japanese higher education
Creators: name: Sakamoto, Fern
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 470401
subject: Applied linguistics and educational linguistics

description: Tertiary institutions worldwide are under pressure to produce globally competent graduates. In Japan, industry demand for global talent has prompted a series of government-funded initiatives designed to promote the cultivation of global competence among university students. Associated policies tend to foreground English as a foreign language (EFL) proficiency, and the job of fostering global competence in Japan thus falls primarily to EFL educators. The precise goals of global competence education, however, remain ill-defined in the Japanese context. This has resulted in a tendency to focus on linguistic proficiency goals and neglect other aspects of global competence, and there is widespread concern that university graduates in Japan are not developing the necessary capabilities or attributes. Many frameworks describing the desirable attributes and abilities for global competence can be found in the literature, but these are predominantly Western-centric: developed in Western contexts and underpinned by Western cultural norms. They thus tend to overlook the role of languages and interpret important factors through a Western lens. Locally developed definitions and frameworks are scarce and often lack a clear foundation in research, leaving educators and administrators in Japan with few reliable and appropriate options to guide global competence education efforts. This exploratory mixed methods study aimed to address the lack of clarity around global competence education in Japan and enrich the existing literature by contributing a perspective from Japan. Q-methodology was integrated into a Modified Delphi study to collect, refine and analyse stakeholder and expert opinions, and determine (a) what students in Japan need in order to be deemed globally competent; (b) the primary challenges of global competence development for students in Japan; and (c) the role of FL education in global competence development in Japan. Students, teachers, researchers and global workers participated in the study: exchanging, revising and extending their opinions through the iterative Delphi study. Incorporating Q-methodology facilitated the identification of shared viewpoints, which were then presented back to the participant group for further validation and clarification. The study’s findings highlight the inadequacy of the existing literature to capture the global competence construct and desirable objectives of global competence education in the Japanese context. A framework for global competence in Japan is presented based on the findings and the implications for the global competence literature and for global competence-oriented FL education in Japan and beyond are explored.
The global electroweak fit at NNLO and prospects for the LHC and ILC
Creators: name: Baak, M.
name: Cuth, J.
name: Haller, J.
name: Hoecker, A.
name: Kogler, R.
name: Moenig, K.
name: Schott, M.
name: Stelzer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a long time, global fits of the electroweak sector of the Standard Model (SM) have been used to exploit measurements of electroweak precision observables at lepton colliders (LEP, SLC), together with measurements at hadron colliders (Tevatron, LHC), and accurate theoretical predictions at multi-loop level, to constrain free parameters of the SM, such as the Higgs and top masses. Today, all fundamental SM parameters entering these fits are experimentally determined, including information on the Higgs couplings, and the global fits are used as powerful tools to assess the validity of the theory and to constrain scenarios for new physics. Future measurements at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the International Linear Collider (ILC) promise to improve the experimental precision of key observables used in the fits. This paper presents updated electroweak fit results using newest NNLO theoretical predictions, and prospects for the LHC and ILC. The impact of experimental and theoretical uncertainties is analysed in detail. We compare constraints from the electroweak fit on the Higgs couplings with direct LHC measurements, and examine present and future prospects of these constraints using a model with modified couplings of the Higgs boson to fermions and bosons.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures
A Novel Self-Replicating Chimeric Lentivirus-Like Particle
Creators: name: Young, K. R.
name: Jurgens, C. K.
name: Johnson, P. R.
name: Madden, V. J.
name: Johnston, R. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Successful live attenuated vaccines mimic natural exposure to pathogens without causing disease and have been successful against several viruses. However, safety concerns prevent the development of attenuated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as a vaccine candidate. If a safe, replicating virus vaccine could be developed, it might have the potential to offer significant protection against HIV infection and disease. Described here is the development of a novel self-replicating chimeric virus vaccine candidate that is designed to provide natural exposure to a lentivirus-like particle and to incorporate the properties of a live attenuated virus vaccine without the inherent safety issues associated with attenuated lentiviruses. The genome from the alphavirus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) was modified to express SHIV89.6P genes encoding the structural proteins Gag and Env. Expression of Gag and Env from VEE RNA in primate cells led to the assembly of particles that morphologically and functionally resembled lentivirus virions and that incorporated alphavirus RNA. Infection of CD4+ cells with chimeric lentivirus-like particles was specific and productive, resulting in RNA replication, expression of Gag and Env, and generation of progeny chimeric particles. Further genome modifications designed to enhance encapsidation of the chimeric virus genome and to express an attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) protease for particle maturation improved the ability of chimeric lentivirus-like particles to propagate in cell culture. This study provides proof of concept for the feasibility of creating chimeric virus genomes that express lentivirus structural proteins and assemble into infectious particles for presentation of lentivirus immunogens in their native and functional conformation.
The Effect of Nonlinear Landau Damping on Ultrarelativistic Beam Plasma Instabilities
Creators: name: Chang, Philip
name: Broderick, Avery E.
name: Pfrommer, Christoph
name: Puchwein, Ewald
name: Lamberts, Astrid
name: Shalaby, Mohamad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Very-high energy gamma-rays from extragalactic sources pair-produce off of the extragalactic background light, yielding an electron-positron pair beam. This pair beam is unstable to various plasma instabilities, especially the "oblique" instability, which can be the dominant cooling mechanism for the beam. However, recently, it has been claimed that nonlinear Landau damping renders it physically irrelevant by reducing the effective damping rate to a low level. Here, we show with numerical calculations that the effective damping rate is $8\times 10^{-4}$ of the growth rate of the linear instability, which is sufficient for the "oblique" instability to be the dominant cooling mechanism of these pair beams. In particular, we show that previous estimates of this rate ignored the exponential cutoff in the scattering amplitude at large wavenumber and assumed that the damping of scattered waves entirely depends on collisions, ignoring collisionless processes. We find that the total wave energy eventually grows to approximate equipartition with the beam by increasingly depositing energy into long wavelength modes. As we have not included the effect of nonlinear wave-wave interactions on these long wavelength modes, this scenario represents the "worst-case" scenario for the oblique instability. As it continues to drain energy from the beam at a faster rate than other processes, we conclude that the "oblique" instability is sufficiently strong to make it the physically dominant cooling mechanism for high-energy pair beams in the intergalactic medium.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted to ApJ
An Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Mutant with Enhanced BZLF1 Expression Causes Lymphomas with Abortive Lytic EBV Infection in a Humanized Mouse Model
Creators: name: Zhou, Y.
name: Kenney, S. C.
name: Gumperz, J. E.
name: Gulley, M. L.
name: Burlingham, W. J.
name: Tang, W.
name: Ma, S.-D.
name: Mertz, J. E.
name: Reinheim, E.
name: Yu, X.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Immunosuppressed patients are at risk for developing Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-positive lymphomas that express the major EBV oncoprotein, LMP1. Although increasing evidence suggests that a small number of lytically infected cells may promote EBV-positive lymphomas, the impact of enhanced lytic gene expression on the ability of EBV to induce lymphomas is unclear. Here we have used immune-deficient mice, engrafted with human fetal hematopoietic stem cells and thymus and liver tissue, to compare lymphoma formation following infection with wild-type (WT) EBV versus infection with a “superlytic” (SL) mutant with enhanced BZLF1 (Z) expression. The same proportions (2/6) of the WT and SL virus-infected animals developed B-cell lymphomas by day 60 postinfection; the remainder of the animals had persistent tumor-free viral latency. In contrast, all WT and SL virus-infected animals treated with the OKT3 anti-CD3 antibody (which inhibits T-cell function) developed lymphomas by day 29. Lymphomas in OKT3-treated animals (in contrast to lymphomas in the untreated animals) contained many LMP1-expressing cells. The SL virus-infected lymphomas in both OKT3-treated and untreated animals contained many more Z-expressing cells (up to 30%) than the WT virus-infected lymphomas, but did not express late viral proteins and thus had an abortive lytic form of EBV infection. LMP1 and BMRF1 (an early lytic viral protein) were never coexpressed in the same cell, suggesting that LMP1 expression is incompatible with lytic viral reactivation. These results show that the SL mutant induces an “abortive” lytic infection in humanized mice that is compatible with continued cell growth and at least partially resistant to T-cell killing.
Politica criminale e scelte sanzionatorie. Per un recupero di razionalità nel confronto con il Sentencing System inglese
Creators: name: Coppola, Fabio
Publisher: name: Universita degli studi di Salerno
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: IUS/17 DIRITTO PENALE
subject: Commisurazione pena
subject: Proporzionalità
subject: Populismo

description: 2015 - 2016
description: This Ph.D. thesis investigates changes on the contemporary shape of penal policies, whose trend fluctuate from a rigid punitiveness, which mostly leads to the increase in term of custodial ranges within the criminal code offences, toward “law and order” campaigns that aim to answer to the social needs of safety; on the other hand, to avoid the consequential ‘overcrowding’, policy makers constantly recall the use of clemency measures. These contradictory sides of the same coin have made the recent years of penal policies deeply irrational, as it is shown by the ‘upward lifting’ on the custodial ranges, specially in light of the proportionality principle. Moreover, it will be verified whether the Italian Sentencing System has itself an ‘immune system’ to counteract the irrationality or it has implemented it through the decision-making process at sentencing, that leads to arbitrary and inconsistent sentences. Those data will be compared with the English Sentencing System and its sentencing guidelines in order to evaluate if and how it can offer to the Italian system some clue for a reform base that could enlighten again the proportionality principle at sentencing. [edited by Author]
Base Pairing between Hepatitis C Virus RNA and MicroRNA 122 3' of Its Seed Sequence Is Essential for Genome Stabilization and Production of Infectious Virus
Creators: name: Welsch, C.
name: Yamane, D.
name: Hensley, L.
name: Jangra, R. K.
name: Lemon, S. M.
name: Shimakami, T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: MicroRNA 122 (miR-122) facilitates hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication by recruiting an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)-like complex containing argonaute 2 (Ago2) to the 5′ end of the HCV genome, thereby stabilizing the viral RNA. This requires base pairing between the miR-122 “seed sequence” (nucleotides [nt] 2 to 8) and two sequences near the 5′ end of the HCV RNA: S1 (nt 22 to 28) and S2 (nt 38 to 43). However, recent reports suggest that additional base pair interactions occur between HCV RNA and miR-122. We searched 606 sequences from a public database (genotypes 1 to 6) and identified two conserved, putatively single-stranded RNA segments, upstream of S1 (nt 2 and 3) and S2 (nt 30 to 34), with potential for base pairing to miR-122 (nt 15 and 16 and nt 13 to 16, respectively). Mutagenesis and genetic complementation experiments confirmed that HCV nt 2 and 3 pair with nt 15 and 16 of miR-122 bound to S1, while HCV nt 30 to 33 pair with nt 13 to 16 of miR-122 at S2. In genotype 1 and 6 HCV, nt 4 also base pairs with nt 14 of miR-122. These 3′ supplementary base pair interactions of miR-122 are functionally important and are required for Ago2 recruitment to HCV RNA by miR-122, miR-122-mediated stabilization of HCV RNA, and production of infectious virus. However, while complementary mutations at HCV nt 30 and 31 efficiently rescued the activity of a 15C,16C miR-122 mutant targeting S2, similar mutations at nt 2 and 3 failed to rescue Ago2 recruitment at S1. These data add to the current understanding of miR-122 interactions with HCV RNA but indicate that base pairing between miR-122 and the 5′ 43 nt of the HCV genome is more complex than suggested by existing models.
"Quick and dirty" technology for fabrication of a single BiSrCaCuO mesas
Creators: name: Vopilkin, E. A.
name: Chiginev, A. V.
name: Revin, L. S.
name: Tropanova, A. N.
name: Shuleshova, I. Yu.
name: Okhapkin, A. I.
name: Shovkun, A. D.
name: Kulakov, A. B.
name: Pankratov, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The technology of wet etching allowing fabrication of standalone BiSrCaCuO mesa structures was proposed. The produced mesas can be produced much thicker than ones usually being studied. The time required for the fabrication is much smaller in comparison with the standard method of ion milling. The process used is controllable which provides acceptable precision of mesa fabrication. The current-voltage characteristics of the sample showing Josephson nature were obtained. The qualitative comparison with characteristics of similar structures fabricated by other groups was carried out.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures
Cytoplasmic Trafficking, Endosomal Escape, and Perinuclear Accumulation of Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 Particles Are Facilitated by Microtubule Network
Creators: name: Samulski, R. J.
name: Xiao, P.-J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Understanding adeno-associated virus (AAV) trafficking is critical to advance our knowledge of AAV biology and exploit novel aspects of vector development. Similar to the case for most DNA viruses, after receptor binding and entry, AAV traverses the cytoplasm and deposits the viral genome in the cell nucleus. In this study, we examined the role of the microtubule (MT) network in productive AAV infection. Using pharmacological reagents (e.g., nocodazole), live-cell imaging, and flow cytometry analysis, we demonstrated that AAV type 2 (AAV2) transduction was reduced by at least 2-fold in the absence of the MT network. Cell surface attachment and viral internalization were not dependent on an intact MT network. In treated cells at 2 h postinfection, quantitative three-dimensional (3D) microscopy determined a reproducible difference in number of intracellular particles associated with the nuclear membrane or the nucleus compared to that for controls (6 to 7% versus 26 to 30%, respectively). Confocal microscopy analysis demonstrated a direct association of virions with MTs, further supporting a critical role in AAV infection. To investigate the underling mechanisms, we employed single-particle tracking (SPT) to monitor the viral movement in real time. Surprisingly, unlike other DNA viruses (e.g., adenovirus [Ad] and herpes simplex virus [HSV]) that display bidirectional motion on MTs, AAV2 displays only unidirectional movement on MTs toward the nuclei, with peak instantaneous velocities at 1.5 to 3.5 μm/s. This rapid and unidirectional motion on MTs lasts for about 5 to 10 s and results in AAV particles migrating more than 10 μm in the cytoplasm reaching the nucleus very efficiently. Furthermore, electron microscopy analysis determined that, unlike Ad and HSV, AAV2 particles were transported on MTs within membranous compartments, and surprisingly, the acidification of AAV2-containing endosomes was delayed by the disruption of MTs. These findings together suggest an as-yet-undescribed model in which after internalization, AAV2 exploits MTs for rapid cytoplasmic trafficking in endosomal compartments unidirectionally toward the perinuclear region, where most acidification events for viral escape take place.
Ups!... I did it again: the unique hydrogen-deficient binary Upsilon Sagittarii at a second mass transfer stage
Creators: name: Gilkis, Avishai
name: Shenar, Tomer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Upsilon Sagittarii is the only known Galactic evolved helium star thought to be a direct progenitor of a Type Ib supernova. It is a hydrogen-deficient binary suggested to be in its second stage of mass transfer, after the primary has expanded to become a helium supergiant following core helium exhaustion. A tentative identification of the faint companion in the UV led to mass estimates of both components that put Upsilon Sagittarii in the core-collapse supernova progenitor regime. However, no satisfactory model for the complex spectrum has been achieved, casting doubt on this interpretation. Here we show for the first time a composite spectrum model that fits the UV data, and clearly identifies the companion as a rapidly rotating B-type star. The stripped helium supergiant is less luminous than previous estimates, and with an estimated mass of < 1 Msun is ruled out as a core-collapse supernova progenitor. We provide a detailed binary evolution scenario that explains the temperature and luminosity of the two components as well as the very low gravity and extreme hydrogen deficiency of the primary. The best-fitting model is an intermediate-mass primary with a short initial orbital period, and a secondary that appears to have gained a significant amount of mass despite its high rotation. We conclude that Upsilon Sagittarii is a key system for testing binary evolution processes, especially envelope stripping and mass accretion, which apply also to higher-mass counterparts.
Epstein-Barr Virus BPLF1 Deubiquitinates PCNA and Attenuates Polymerase   Recruitment to DNA Damage Sites
Creators: name: Pagano, J. S.
name: Whitehurst, C. B.
name: Shackelford, J.
name: Vaziri, C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: PCNA is monoubiquitinated in response to DNA damage and fork stalling and then initiates recruitment of specialized polymerases in the DNA damage tolerance pathway, translesion synthesis (TLS). Since PCNA is reported to associate with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA during its replication, we investigated whether the EBV deubiquitinating (DUB) enzyme encoded by BPLF1 targets ubiquitinated PCNA and disrupts TLS. An N-terminal BPLF1 fragment (a BPLF1 construct containing the first 246 amino acids [BPLF1 1-246]) associated with PCNA and attenuated its ubiquitination in response to fork-stalling agents UV and hydroxyurea in cultured cells. Moreover, monoubiquitinated PCNA was deubiquitinated after incubation with purified BPLF1 1-246 in vitro. BPLF1 1-246 dysregulated TLS by reducing recruitment of the specialized repair polymerase polymerase η (Polη) to the detergent-resistant chromatin compartment and virtually abolished localization of Polη to nuclear repair foci, both hallmarks of TLS. Expression of BPLF1 1-246 decreased viability of UV-treated cells and led to cell death, presumably through deubiquitination of PCNA and the inability to repair damaged DNA. Importantly, deubiquitination of PCNA could be detected endogenously in EBV-infected cells in comparison with samples expressing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against BPLF1. Further, the specificity of the interaction between BPLF1 and PCNA was dependent upon a PCNA-interacting peptide (PIP) domain within the N-terminal region of BPLF1. Both DUB activity and PIP sequence are conserved in the members of the family Herpesviridae. Thus, deubiquitination of PCNA, normally deubiquitinated by cellular USP1, by the viral DUB can disrupt repair of DNA damage by compromising recruitment of TLS polymerase to stalled replication forks. PCNA is the first cellular target identified for BPLF1 and its deubiquitinating activity.
A Large Catalog of Active Giants in the APOGEE Survey
Creators: name: Patton, Rachel A.
name: Pinsonneault, Marc H.
name: Cao, Lyra
name: Vrard, Mathieu
name: Mathur, Savita
name: García, Rafael A.
name: Tayar, Jamie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: stars: binaries: close
stars: rotation

description: Rapid rotation in red giant stars is the direct result of binary interaction. We present a catalog of 3217 active giant candidates in APOGEE DR16 that we identify by their anomalous spectroscopic properties returned by ASPCAP, the APOGEE stellar parameters pipeline. We confirm 1631 as rapid rotators with v sini measurements. We also see a significant population of intermediate rotators, which could represent post-merger stars. The binary fraction among the rapid rotators is 86%. We find that the fraction of single rapidly rotating red giants is anti-correlated with metallicity and discuss future prospects for large survey samples of interacting binary stars.
description: Poster 18