Horcomutilla projectifrons
Creators: name: Lopez, Vinicius M.
name: Bartholomay, Pedro R.
name: Lima, Felipe V. O.
name: Silvestre, Rogerio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mutillidae
Horcomutilla
Horcomutilla projectifrons

description: Horcomutilla projectifrons (Cresson, 1902) (Figs. 1–14)
Mutilla projectifrons Cresson, 1902. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 28: 1–82, p. 33, lectotype, ♀, Brazil, [Mato Grosso], Chapada [dos Guimarães] (Carnegie Museum of Natural History—CMNH).
Ephuta (Ephuta) projectifrons: André, 1902, p. 63 (new combination)
Horcomutilla projectifrons: Casal 1962, p. 64 (new combination)
Diagnosis. FEMALE. Females of this species are recognized by the entirely black body, conspicuous blunt tubercle projecting at the medio-lateral margins of mesosoma, and yellowish integumental spots on T2. MALE. Males of this species can be recognized by the black clypeus and elongated cuspis that is conspicuously tapered apicad.
Description. MALE. (hitherto unknown). Body length 7.0 mm. Coloration. Head, mesosoma, metasoma and appendages black to brownish-black, except mandibles yellowish with reddish apex. Tibial spurs whitish. Forewing light brownish-hyaline, veins light brown, darker costad; hindwing overall lighter than forewing. Head with sparse erect and decumbent silvery-white setae, slightly denser on gena and malar space, and sparser on ventral head surface. Lateral pronotal face setae sparse decumbent silvery-white, mesopleuron setae dense decumbent and erect silvery-white; metapleuron and lateral propodeal face virtually asetose. Legs with dense erect and decumbent silvery-white setae, except femora with sparse erect silvery-white setae. Metasoma with sparse erect and decumbent and erect silvery-white setae except medially on T2 with reddish-black setae and T5-6 and S5-6 with interspersed black and silvery-white setae; lateral felt line of T2 with dense appressed silvery-white setae. Head. Transverse subrectangular, posterolateral angles rounded. Head slightly wider than pronotum. Eye strongly convex, slightly elongate longitudinally. Ocelli small; OOD 4.9 × DLO, IOD virtually equal to DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Vertex and gena densely and finely punctate-reticulate to punctulate. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with well-defined dorsal transverse carina starting at eye margin and ending before antennal tubercles. Clypeus virtually flat throughout, anterior margin sinuous; finely and densely punctulate and sparsely setose, except for small anteromedial area impunctate and asetose; no projections or invaginations along lateral margins. Scape unicarinate ventrally. Flagellomere 1 1.5 × pedicel length; flagellomere 1.5 × pedicel length. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, medial tooth greatly reduced; lacking dorsal or ventral projections. Mesosoma. Epaulet conspicuous, well-defined, narrow, roundly projected from anterior margin of pronotum, disconnected from humeral carina. Pronotal dorsal and anterior sculpture coarsely contiguous but not equal, dorsal face densely foveolate-punctate, anterior face finely and sparsely puncticulate; lateral face with posteromedial impunctate area, densely and finely punctulate anteroventrally. Tegula convex, glabrous and impunctate except for few punctures and short setae on antero-lateral margins. Mesoscutum and scutellum densely foveolate-punctate, sculpture denser and smaller on scutellum; notaulus absent; parapsis present. Scutellum slightly convex. Axilla with a short, laterally compressed, scale-like projection posterolaterally. Metanotum slightly narrower medially. Propodeum strongly convex, densely areolate throughout; posterior face with distinct narrow longitudinal area apically, delimited by a pair of longitudinal lateral carinae; posterolateral corners of dorsal face slightly pronounced in dorsal view, wider than metanotum; posterior face of propodeum slightly longer than dorsal face. Mesopleuron conspicuously and roundly swollen along mesopleural ridge; densely punctulate, punctures sparser posterad. Metapleuron virtually smooth, impunctate, except ventral fourth, above hind coxa, with few irregular sparse punctures. Wings. Forewing with moderately elongate sclerotized pterostigma; slightly longer than broad, truncate apically; three submarginal cells, basal veinlet of third cell obliteraed. Legs. Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins. Metasoma. T1 0.7 × T2 width. T2 length 0.7 × width. T1–6 sparsely and finely punctate, punctures dense on T3–6, T7 with pygidial area undefined, irregularly and sparsely punctate. S1 nearly impunctate, sparsely and finely puncticulate, with longitudinal and medially pronounced carina. S2 sparsely and finely punctate, punctures denser on S3–7; S7 transverse, subrectangular, slightly broader than long, posterior margin simply convex, without any notches or projections. Genitalia. Parapenial lobe not conspicuously pronounced, broadly concave and laterally compressed apically. Paramere free length 1.45 × cuspis free length, evenly curved inward apicad in dorsal view and ventrally curved apicad in lateral view; terminating in bifid apex, inner arm of apex shorter and broader, laterally compressed; external arm of apex narrower, subacute apically; parameres with dense tuft of long setae on basal half and sparse setae laterally on apical half. Cuspis 2.3 × digitus length, slightly sinuous in dorsal view and ventral view, curved ventrally apicad in lateral view; conspicuously and abruptly narrower on apical third; slightly laterally compressed, broader in lateral view than in dorsal view; densely setose throughout, setae sparse on outer surface, denser along inner margin; internodorsal margin with numerous thick, curved spine-like setae; paracuspis absent. Digitus very short, ending before apex of parapenial lobe, slightly upcurved in lateral view; asetose. Penis valve without any conspicuous concave or convex areas, asetose, with two strong teeth medioventrally; basal tooth longer and broader, apparently bifid apically; apical tooth short and narrow, acute apically; dorsoapical margin of penial valve with large projection, strongly and conspicuously curved externally apicad.
Material examined. BRAZIL: Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, Campus 1, 22°11’42’’S 54°55’46’’W, 467m, 1♂, 17.IV.2005, Lima F. e equipe col., UFGD-MuBio, Hym-00401-M (UFGD); same label except for 1♀, UFGD-MuBio, Hym-00400-M (UFGD).
Host. Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) auropilosa Spinola (Apidae, Apinae, Exomalopsini)
Remarks. The males of H. projectifrons can be distinguished from the other two males known from Horcomutilla by their black to brownish-black clypeus, which is yellowish-white in both H. maracayi and H. krombeini. During the observation period, a male and a female of H. projectifrons emerged from the bee nest. The male emerged on April 17, 2005 and the female on April 26, 2005. Two other females of H. projectifrons were observed attempting to enter the Exomalopsis Spinola nest early in the morning (07:00–08:00) in March. In one of these cases, the Horcomutilla female was attacked by an Exomalopsis guarding the nest entrance whilst the second female managed to enter the host nest when there was no guard at the entrance.
Distribution. Brazil (Brazil (Bahia, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás)
The natural history of Horcomutilla Casal, 1962 is largely unknown and here we provide unpublished biological information for the genus. The previously unknown male of H. projectifrons (Cresson, 1902) is described and the first record for Horcomutilla based on a couple reared from an Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) auropilosa Spinola (Apidae: Exomalopsini) communal nest in Midwestern Brazil is presented. Furthermore, we provide habitus photos for the couple, and photographs and illustrations of the male genitalia.
description: Published as part of Lopez, Vinicius M., Bartholomay, Pedro R., Lima, Felipe V. O. & Silvestre, Rogerio, 2019, Male description of Horcomutilla projectifrons (Cresson, 1902) (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) and the first host record for the genus, pp. 573-576 in Zootaxa 4559 (3) on pages 573-576, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4559.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/2627250