cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Engineering transformation pathways in an Al0.3CoFeNi complex concentrated alloy leads to excellent strength–ductility combination
Creators: name: S. Dasari
name: A. Jagetia
name: V. Soni
name: B. Gwalani
name: S. Gorsse
name: R. Banerjee
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Guided by thermodynamic modeling, engineering phase transformation pathways via thermo-mechanical processing, in a complex concentrated alloy/high entropy alloy (HEA) of composition Al0.3CoFeNi, lead to a novel multi-scale microstructure consisting of fine-scale FCC + L12 grains mixed with B2 + BCC grains. The two-step pathway comprises initial decomposition of the parent single-phase FCC to form a fine-grained FCC + B2 microstructure, which further decomposes in the second step into the complex four-phase mixture, exhibiting an excellent combination of tensile yield stress of ∼1490 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of ∼1663 MPa, with a good ductility of ∼12% at room temperature. This paper reports a novel multi-phase microstructure in a HEA/CCA similar to the microstructure observed in dual-phase stainless steel. This report exemplifies the novelty of HEA/CCA compositional space.
Studies of rec-1 function in Caenorhabditis elegans
Creators: name: Vijayaratnam, Vijeyakumary
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The faithful transmission of genetic information to succeeding generations relies on the accurate segregation of chromosomes during meiosis. Central to the meiotic process is recombination. Alteration of the pattern of crossing over can lead to improper chromosome segregation. A recessive mutation in the rec-1 gene in Caenorhabditis elegans eliminates the meiotic pattern of crossing over on the autosomes. Whether or not the rec-1 mutation also affects the X chromosome was investigated. Even though the amount of variation is less on the X chromosome, rec-1 randomized the distribution. Crossing over initiates as a result of double strand breaks. In C. elegans, mutations in the spo-11 gene, which is required for meiotic exchange, produce no viable progeny unless treated with ionizing radiation. In order to investigate the possibility that the Rec-1 mutant phenotype results from excess breaks in the DNA Rec-1; Spo-11 double mutant phenotype was determined. Rec-1 was not able to compensate for the spo-11 defect. Thus, DNA breakage is unlikely to be the basis of the altered crossover pattern observed in Rec-1. A recessive mutation in the him-1 gene reduces the total number of crossovers on the X chromosome. Whether or not rec-1 mutation can override the effect of him-1 mutation was investigated. In him-1 rec-1 double mutants, the total length of the X chromosome genetic map was further reduced. This indicated that wild type him-1 function is needed for rec-1 function on the X chromosome. In order to understand the molecular basis of rec-1, candidate genes were tested for allelism. The right end of eDf24 lies within the ribosomal gene cluster. There are 13 predicted protein encoding genes between the left breakpoint and the ribosomal gene cluster. These genes were tested using transgenic rescue, dsRNA inhibition of gene function and DNA sequencing. Deletions, which affect genes in the region of eDf24 where rec-1 is known to map, were generated. None of these deletions failed to complement the Rec-1 phenotype. Thus, considerably refining potential position of the rec-1 gene.
$\mathcal{PT}$-Symmetric Generalized Extended Momentum Operator
Creators: name: Izadparast, M.
name: Mazharimousavi, S. Habib
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop further the concept of generalized extended momentum operator (GEMO), which has been introduced very recently in \citep{M.H2}, and propose the so called $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric GEMO. In analogy with GEMO, the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric GEMO also satisfies the extended uncertainty principle (EUP) relation. Moreover, the corresponding Hamiltonian that is constructed upon the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric GEMO, with a real or $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric potential, remains non-Hermitian but $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric and consequently its energy and momentum eigenvalues are real. We apply our formalism to a quasi-free quantum particle and the exact solutions for the energy spectrum are presented.
description: 5 pages, one figure
Disease-driven engineering of peptide-targeted DM1 loaded liposomal nanoparticles for enhanced efficacy in treating multiple myeloma by exploring DM1 prodrug chemistry.
Creators: name: Khan, Sabrina
name: Mejia, Franklin
name: Shin, Jaeho
name: Hwang, Gyoyeon
name: T Omstead, David
name: Wu, Junmin
name: Cole, Sara L.
name: Littlepage, Laurie E.
name: Bilgicer, Basar
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: Here, we report a CD138 receptor targeting liposomal formulation (TNP[Prodrug-4]) that achieved efficacious tumor growth inhibition in treating multiple myeloma by overcoming the dose limiting severe toxicity issues of a highly potent drug, Mertansine (DM1). Despite the promising potential to treat various cancers, due to poor solubility and pharmacokinetic profile, DM1's translation to the clinic has been unsatisfactory. We hypothesized that the optimal prodrug chemistry would promote efficient loading of the prodrug into targeted nanoparticles and achieve controlled release following endocytosis by the cancer cells, consequently, accomplish the most potent tumor growth inhibition. We evaluated four functional linker chemistries for synthesizing DM1-Prodrug molecules and evaluated their stability and cancer cell toxicity in vitro. It was determined that the phosphodiester moiety, as part of nanoparticle formulations, demonstrated most favorable characteristics with an IC50 of ∼16 nM. Nanoparticle formulations of Prodrug-4 enabled its administration at 8-fold higher dosage of equivalent free drug while remaining below maximum tolerated dose. Importantly, TNP[Prodrug-4] achieved near complete inhibition of tumor growth (∼99% by day 10) compared to control, without displaying noticeable systemic toxicity. TNP[Prodrug-4] promises a formulation that could potentially make DM1 treatment available for wider clinical applications with a long-term goal for better patient outcomes.
Generalized complex geometry, generalized branes and the Hitchin sigma model
Creators: name: Zucchini, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Hitchin's generalized complex geometry has been shown to be relevant in compactifications of superstring theory with fluxes and is expected to lead to a deeper understanding of mirror symmetry. Gualtieri's notion of generalized complex submanifold seems to be a natural candidate for the description of branes in this context. Recently, we introduced a field theoretic realization of generalized complex geometry, the Hitchin sigma model, extending the well known Poisson sigma model. In this paper, exploiting Gualtieri's formalism, we incorporate branes into the model. A detailed study of the boundary conditions obeyed by the world sheet fields is provided. Finally, it is found that, when branes are present, the classical Batalin--Vilkovisky cohomology contains an extra sector that is related non trivially to a novel cohomology associated with the branes as generalized complex submanifolds.
description: 43 pages, Plain TeX, no figures, requires AMS font files AMSSYM.DEF and amssym.tex. Additional references and a discussion section added
TESTING THE LINK BETWEEN PUBLIC INTERVENTION AND FOOD PRICE VARIABILITY: EVIDENCE FROM RICE MARKETS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Creators: name: Martinez, Elmer
name: Shively, Gerald E.
name: Masters, William J.
name: Martinez, Elmer
name: Shively, Gerald E.
name: Masters, William J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Demand and Price Analysis

description: Monthly price data from the Philippines are used to test the influence of government buffer-stock programs on the level and variability of rice prices from 1974-1990. Results do not support the conjecture that prices were correlated with stock purchases.
Phase space methods for particles on a circle
Creators: name: Zhang, S.
name: Vourdas, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase space $S\times Z$ for a particle on a circle is considered. Displacement operators in this phase space are introduced and their properties are studied. Wigner and Weyl functions in this context are also considered and their physical interpretation and properties are discussed. All results are compared and contrasted with the corresponding ones for the harmonic oscillator in the $R \times R$ phase space.
DEMAND FOR NUTRIENTS: THE HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION APPROACH
Creators: name: Chung, Rebecca H.
name: Lee, Jonq-Ying
name: Moss, Charles B.
name: Brown, Mark G.
name: Chung, Rebecca H.
name: Lee, Jonq-Ying
name: Moss, Charles B.
name: Brown, Mark G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The household production approach is used to characterize the household's preference toward nutrients in food consumption. Elasticities of substitution and Hicksian price elasticities are estimated, price- and expenditure-nutrient elasticities are calculated. Results show that protein is the most expensive nutrient, and that nutrients played an important role in determining households' food consumption.
Searching for dark energy in the matter-dominated era
Creators: name: Bull, Philip
name: White, Martin
name: Slosar, Anže
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most efforts to detect signatures of dynamical dark energy are focused on late times, $z \lesssim 2$, where the dark energy component begins to dominate the cosmic energy density. Many theoretical models involving dynamical dark energy exhibit a 'freezing' equation of state however, where $w \to -1$ at late times, with a transition to a 'tracking' behaviour at earlier times (with $w \gg -1$ at sufficiently high redshift). In this paper, we study whether large-scale structure surveys in the post-reionisation matter-dominated regime, $2 \lesssim z \lesssim 6$, are sensitive to this behaviour, on the basis that the dark energy component should remain detectable (despite being strongly subdominant) in this redshift range given sufficiently precise observations. Using phenomenological models inspired by parameter space studies of Horndeski (generalised scalar-tensor) theories, we show how existing CMB and large-scale structure measurements constrain the dark energy equation of state in the matter-dominated era, and examine how forthcoming galaxy surveys and 21cm intensity mapping instruments can improve constraints in this regime. We also find that the combination of existing CMB and LSS constraints with DESI will already come close to offering the best possible constraints on $H_0$ using BAO/galaxy power spectrum measurements, and that either a spectroscopic follow-up of the LSST galaxy sample (e.g. along the lines of MegaMapper or SpecTel) or a Stage 2/PUMA-like intensity mapping survey, both at $z \gtrsim 2$, would offer better constraints on the class of dark energy models considered here than a comparable cosmic variance-limited galaxy survey at $z \lesssim 1.5$.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures; comments welcome
ADVERTISING, STRUCTURAL CHANGE, AND U.S. NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE DEMAND
Creators: name: Xiao, Hui
name: Kinnucan, Henry W.
name: Kaiser, Harry M.
name: Xiao, Hui
name: Kinnucan, Henry W.
name: Kaiser, Harry M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The dominant trend in U.S. non-alcoholic consumption over the past two decades has been a steady increase in soft-drink consumption, largely at the expense of milk and coffee and tea consumption. Our analysis suggests that the primary factors affecting this is that the price, advertising, and demographic elasticities estimated from the Rotterdam model are much smaller than the adjusted trend coefficients and the expenditure elasticities.
Historical review and redescription of three poorly known species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus from south-eastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)
Creators: name: Costa, Wilson J. E. M.
name: Katz, Axel M.
name: Mattos, José Leonardo O.
name: Amorim, Pedro F.
name: Beatrizz O. Mesquita
name: Vilardo, Paulo J.
name: Barbosa, Maria Anais
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: This study is primarily directed to the most poorly known species of the genus Trichomycterus, comprising five nominal species (T. florensis, T. immaculatus, T. nigricans, T. paquequerensis and T. santaeritae) endemic to south-eastern Brazil. One of them, T. nigricans, is the type species of the genus, involved in taxonomic problems for over 150 years. A detailed historical review, accompanied by examination of type specimens and recent collections, revealed that the correct type locality of T. nigricans is in the vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, not Santa Catarina as commonly appears in the literature; specimens previously misidentified as T. nigricans from Santa Catarina belong to a possibly undescribed species of the genus Cambeva; T. paquequerensis is a synonym of T. immaculatus, and T. florensis is a synonym of T. santaeritae; and the hypothesis that T. santaeritae is closely related to the Amazon Sarcoglanidinae is refuted. The three valid species are redescribed. These species are members of a clade also including T. caipora that is highly supported by molecular data, diagnosed by a pronounced posterior maxillary process and caudal fin emarginate at least in larger specimens. A subclade comprising T. caipora, T. nigricans and T. santaeritae is diagnosed by a long maxilla and a bifid anterior extremity of hypobranchial 3.
REVENUE IMPACTS OF MPP BRANDED FUNDS: A FIRM LEVEL ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Jakus, Paul M.
name: Jensen, Kimberly L.
name: Davis, George C.
name: Jakus, Paul M.
name: Jensen, Kimberly L.
name: Davis, George C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: export promotion programs
subject: export sales
subject: export revenues
subject: Market Promotion Program
subject: firm-level analysis
subject: joint estimation

description: The USDA recently redirected the Market Access Program (MAP) to allocate all branded products export promotion funds to small firms and cooperatives. The redirection was, in part, a response to reports by the General Accounting Office that were critical of past allocations of export promotion funds to large, experienced exporters. This study uses a firm level analysis to examine firms' effectiveness in using Market Promotion Program (MPP, which is now the MAP) funds to increase revenues. Whereas point estimates suggested that smaller firms were more effective in translating MPP funds into increased revenue than larger firms, these point estimates for small firms were statistically indistinguishable from zero. In contrast, large firms showed an increase in revenue of greater than one dollar for every dollar of MPP funds. Further, the revenue increase was statistically significant. Thus, the firm level analysis supports neither the GAO hypotheses nor the recent program changes.
PERFECT CROSS-HEDGING OPPORTUNITIES VIA FORMULA PRICING: THE CASE OF THE BROILER INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Carter, Joy
name: Maynard, Leigh J.
name: Dillon, Carl R.
name: Carter, Joy
name: Maynard, Leigh J.
name: Dillon, Carl R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: One supplier of broilers without giblets (WOGs) offers customers a choice between paying Urner Barry's WOG quote or a formula price based on futures prices. From a buyer's perspective, the formula price is second-degree stochastic dominant, thus acting a marketing inducement. The formula price allows the seller to set almost perfect cross-hedges of WOGs with corn and soymeal. Stochastic dominance results suggested that the seller's dominant strategy would shift from the unhedged Urner Barry quote to the unhedged formula price as risk aversion increased. The hedged formula price was prominent in optimal portfolios of pricing strategies.
Experimental evidence for an intermediate phase in the multiferroic YMnO3
Creators: name: Nénert, G.
name: Pollet, M.
name: Marinel, S.
name: Blake, G. R.
name: Meetsma, A.
name: Palstra, T. T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied YMnO$_{3}$ by high-temperature synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, and have carried out differential thermal analysis and dilatometry on a single crystal sample. These experiments show two phase transitions at about 1100K and 1350K, respectively. This demonstrates the existence of an intermediate phase between the room temperature ferroelectric and the high temperature centrosymmetric phase. This study identifies for the first time the different high-temperature phase transitions in YMnO$_{3}$.
description: 10 pages 5 figures. New version, Additional data, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, in Press
Major Statistical Series of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Volume 10: International Agricultural Statistics
Creators: name: Milmoe, Stephen R.
name: Milmoe, Stephen R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Trade
subject: production
subject: indexes
subject: exports
subject: imports
subject: outlook
subject: food availability

description: This volume describes statistical data and time series dealing with foreign agricultural trade of the United States published by the Agriculture and Trade Analysis Division and the Commodity Economics Division of the Economic Research Service (ERS) and by the Foreign Agricultural Service. It also describes data on production, consumption, and trade for a wide selection of countries and commodities. Finally, it describes the construction of the World Indexes of Agricultural and Food Production and World Food Needs and Availabilities published by ERS.
description: This set of 12 volumes on the Major Statistical Series of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (Agriculture Handbook No. 671) is the second revision that supersedes the original volumes published during 1957-60. The first revision was completed in 1972.
Raman Fingerprints of Graphene Produced by Anodic Electrochemical Exfoliation
Creators: name: Nagyte, Vaiva
name: Kelly, Daniel J.
name: Felten, Alexandre
name: Picardi, Gennaro
name: Shin, YuYoung
name: Alieva, Adriana
name: Worsley, Robyn E.
name: Parvez, Khaled
name: Dehm, Simone
name: Krupke, Ralph
name: Haigh, Sarah J.
name: Oikonomou, Antonios
name: Pollard, Andrew J.
name: Casiraghi, Cinzia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrochemical exfoliation is one of the most promising methods for scalable production of graphene. However, limited understanding of its Raman spectrum as well as lack of measurement standards for graphene strongly limit its industrial applications. In this work we show a systematic study of the Raman spectrum of electrochemically exfoliated graphene, produced using different electrolytes and different types of solvents in varying amounts. We demonstrate that no information on the thickness can be extracted from the shape of the 2D peak as this type of graphene is defective. Furthermore, the number of defects and the uniformity of the samples strongly depend on the experimental conditions, including post-processing. Under specific conditions, formation of short conductive trans-polyacetylene chains has been observed. Our Raman analysis provides guidance for the community on how to get information on defects coming from electrolyte, temperature and other experimental conditions, by making Raman spectroscopy a powerful metrology tool.
description: This document is the unedited Author's version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in Nano Letters, American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work, included the SI, see DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00332
THE INFLUENCE OF SPATIAL LAND USE PATTERNS ON RURAL AMENITY VALUES AND WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR GROWTH MANAGEMENT: EVIDENCE FROM A CONTINGENT CHOICE SURVEY
Creators: name: Johnston, Robert J.
name: Bauer, Dana Marie
name: Swallow, Stephen K.
name: Johnston, Robert J.
name: Bauer, Dana Marie
name: Swallow, Stephen K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land Use
subject: Spatial
subject: Contingent Choice
subject: Growth Management
subject: Economics
subject: Valuation

description: This paper reports on a contingent choice study in which residents of a rural Rhode Island community were asked to express their preferences for packages of growth management outcomes, where surveys presented both spatial and non-spatial attributes of growth management outcomes. Survey results provide insight on the extent to which estimated willingness to pay (WTP) for marginal changes in specific landscape features or land uses may be influenced by spatial considerations. Results also characterize the potential impact of spatial context on public preferences and WTP for coordinated packages of growth management outcomes. Keywords: Land Use, Spatial, Contingent Choice, Growth Management, Economics, Valuation
HST/ACS weak lensing analysis of the galaxy cluster RDCS 1252.9-2927 at z=1.24
Creators: name: Lombardi, M.
name: Rosati, P.
name: Blakeslee, J. P.
name: Ettori, S.
name: Demarco, R.
name: Ford, H. C.
name: Illingworth, G. D.
name: Clampin, M.
name: Hartig, G. F.
name: Benitez, N.
name: Broadhurst, T. J.
name: Franx, M.
name: Jee, M. J.
name: Postman, M.
name: White, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a weak lensing analysis of one of the most distant massive galaxy cluster known, RDCS 1252.9-2927 at z=1.24, using deep images from the Advanced Camera for Survey (ACS) on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). By taking advantage of the depth and of the angular resolution of the ACS images, we detect for the first time at z>1 a clear weak lensing signal in both the i (F775W) and z (F850LP) filters. We measure a 5-σsignal in the i band and a 3-σsignal in the shallower z band image. The two radial mass profiles are found to be in very good agreement with each other, and provide a measurement of the total mass of the cluster inside a 1Mpc radius of M(<1Mpc) = (8.0 +/- 1.3) x 10^14 M_\odot in the current cosmological concordance model h =0.70, Ω_m=0.3, Ω_Λ=0.7, assuming a redshift distribution of background galaxies as inferred from the Hubble Deep Fields surveys. A weak lensing signal is detected out to the boundary of our field (3' radius, corresponding to 1.5Mpc at the cluster redshift). We detect a small offset between the centroid of the weak lensing mass map and the brightest cluster galaxy, and we discuss the possible origin of this discrepancy. The cumulative weak lensing radial mass profile is found to be in good agreement with the X-ray mass estimate based on Chandr and XMM-Newton observations, at least out to R_500=0.5Mpc.
description: 38 pages, ApJ in press. Full resolution images available at http://www.eso.org/~prosati/RDCS1252/Lombardi_etal_accepted.pdf
Non-Markovianity of Quantum Brownian Motion
Creators: name: Einsiedler, Simon
name: Ketterer, Andreas
name: Breuer, Heinz-Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum non-Markovian dynamics of the Caldeira-Leggett model, a prototypical model for quantum Brownian motion describing a harmonic oscillator linearly coupled to a reservoir of harmonic oscillators. Employing the exact analytical solution of this model one can determine the size of memory effects for arbitrary couplings, temperatures and frequency cutoffs. Here, quantum non-Markovianity is defined in terms of the flow of information between the open system and its environment, which is quantified through the Bures metric as distance measure for quantum states. This approach allows us to discuss quantum memory effects in the whole range from weak to strong dissipation for arbitrary Gaussian initial states. A comparison of our results with the corresponding results for the spin-boson problem show a remarkable similarity in the structure of non-Markovian behavior of the two paradigmatic models.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Salmon and sustainability : the biophysical cost of producing salmon through the commercial salmon fishery and the intensive salmon culture industry
Creators: name: Tyedmers, Peter
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Technologies play a critical role in mediating the impact of the human enterprise on the ecosphere. Consequently, the adoption of more biophysically efficient technologies is essential if the sustainability of the human enterprise is to improve as populations and per capita consumption demands increase. Within this context, the biophysical efficiency of two salmon production technology systems were analysed and compared using ecological footprint and energy analysis. The two systems evaluated are the vessel-based commercial salmon fishery and the salmon farming industry, as both exist in British Columbia, Canada. In addition, the relative efficiency of the three harvesting technologies employed within the commercial fishery were also evaluated. The ecological footprint analyses entailed quantifying the marine and terrestrial ecosystem support areas needed to grow salmon, sustain labour inputs, and assimilate CO₂ equivalent to the greenhouse gases that result from industrial energy and material inputs. The energy analyses focussed exclusively on the direct and indirect industrial energy inputs to both systems. The results of both the ecological footprint and energy analyses indicate that salmon farming is the least biophysically efficient, and hence least sustainable system for producing salmon currently operating in British Columbia. On a species-specific basis, farmed chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) appropriated .the largest total area of ecosystem support at 16 ha/tonne. This was followed by farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at 12.7 ha/tonne, and commercially caught chinook and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) at 11 ha/tonne and 10.2 ha/tonne, respectively. Commercially caught sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka), chum (Oncorhynchus keta), and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) had the smallest total ecological footprints at 5.7, 5.2 and 5 ha/tonne, respectively. Results of the energy analyses followed a similar pattern. Farmed chinook salmon required a total fossil fuel equivalent industrial energy input of about 117 GJ/tonne while at the other extreme, total energy inputs to commercially harvested pink salmon amounted to only 22 GJ/tonne. Within both systems, however, opportunities exist to improve the biophysical efficiency of salmon production. Finally, amongst the three commercial fishing technologies evaluated, purse seining was approximately twice as efficient at harvesting an average tonne o f salmon as were either gillnetting or trolling.
CHANGES IN INCOME AND WELFARE DISTRIBUTION IN URBAN CHINA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR FOOD CONSUMPTION AND TRADE
Creators: name: Wang, Qingbin
name: Shi, Guanming
name: Zheng, Yi
name: Wang, Qingbin
name: Shi, Guanming
name: Zheng, Yi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
International Relations/Trade

description: While China's economic reform has brought about significant economic growth, there is a considerable debate about the impact of such market-oriented reform on income and welfare distributions. This paper examines the changes in income and welfare distributions in urban China from 1981 to 1998 and discusses implications for China's food consumption patterns and trade behavior. While the Lorenz curves estimated using Kakwani's interpolation method indicate that the level of income inequality in urban China has increased significantly since 1981, welfare comparisons based on generalized Lorenz curves suggest that the rise in real average income has more than compensated for the increase in inequality and has therefore brought about continuous improvement in welfare since 1981, except in 1988 and 1989 due to high inflation rates. Nevertheless, it becomes very critical for China to develop welfare programs and a social security system to provide a guaranteed living standard for low-income households. China's increasing income will continue to shift its food consumption from grains to animal products and, at the same time, the increasing income inequality will make food demand significantly different across regions and income groups.
Compositional gradients in sputtered Ti-Au alloys: Site-selective Au-decoration of anodic TiO$_2$ nanotubes towards enhanced photocatalytic H$_2$ evolution
Creators: name: Hejazi, Seyedsina
name: Altomare, Marco
name: Mohajernia, Shiva
name: Schmuki, Patrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Au nanoparticles at the TiO$_2$ surface can enhance the photocatalytic H$_2$ generation performances owing to their electron transfer co-catalytic ability. Key to maximize the co-catalytic effect is a fine control over Au nanoparticle size and placement on the photocatalyst, in relation to parameters such as the TiO$_2$ morphology, illumination wavelength and pathway, and light penetration depth in the photocatalyst. Here we present an approach for site-selective intrinsic-decoration of anodic TiO$_2$ nanotubes (TNs) with Au nanoparticles: we produce, by Ti and Au co-sputtering, Ti-Au alloy layers that feature compositional gradients across their thickness; these layers, when anodized under self-ordering electrochemical conditions, can form Au-decorated TNs where the Au nanoparticle density and placement vary according to the Au concentration profile in the metal alloy substrates. Our results suggest that, the Au co-catalyst placement strongly affects the photocatalytic H$_2$ evolution performance of the TNs layers. We demonstrate that, when growing Au-decorated TNs, the use of Ti-Au substrates with a suitable Au compositional gradient can lead to higher H$_2$ evolution rates compared to TNs classically grown with a homogenous co-catalyst decoration. As a side effect, a proper placement of the co-catalyst nanoparticles allows for reducing the amount of noble metal without dumping the H$_2$ evolution activity.
Photometric monitoring of the doubly imaged quasar UM673: possible evidence for chromatic microlensing
Creators: name: Nakos, Th.
name: Courbin, F.
name: Poels, J.
name: Libbrecht, C.
name: Magain, P.
name: Surdej, J.
name: Manfroid, J.
name: Burud, I.
name: Hjorth, J.
name: Germany, L.
name: Lidman, C.
name: Meylan, G.
name: Pompei, E.
name: Pritchard, J.
name: Saviane, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of two-band CCD photometric monitoring of the gravitationally lensed quasar Q 0142-100 (UM 673).The data, obtained at ESO-La Silla with the 1.54 m Danish telescope in the Gunn i-band (October 1998 - September 1999) and in the Johnson V-band (October 1998 to December 2001), were analyzed using three different photometric methods. The light-curves obtained with all methods show variations, with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.14 magnitude in $V$. Although it was not possible to measure the time delay between the two lensed QSO images, the brighter component displays possible evidence for microlensing: it becomes bluer as it gets brighter, as expected under the assumption of differential magnification of a quasar accretion disk
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics; 8 pages, 7 figures
Quantum phase transitions in a spin-1 antiferromagnetic chain with long-range interactions and modulated single-ion anisotropy
Creators: name: Ren, Jie
name: You, Wen-Long
name: Oleś, Andrzej M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phase diagram of spin-1 antiferromagnetic chain with isotropic antiferromagnetic interactions decaying with a power-law $\propto r^{-α}$ ($α\ge 1$) accompanied by modulated single-ion anisotropy. Employing the techniques of the density-matrix renormalization group, effects of long-range interactions and single-ion anisotropy on a variety of correlations are investigated. In order to check the consistency, the fidelity susceptibilities are evaluated across quantum phase transitions. The quantum critical points are faithfully detected and orders of phase transitions are determined. The correlation-length critical exponent is extracted from scaling functions of the fidelity susceptibility. The presence of long-range interactions leads to quantitative change of the phase boundaries and reduces the order of phase transition under certain conditions. A direct first-order transition between the periodic Néel phase and the large-$D$ phase occurs for slowly decaying antiferromagnetic interactions.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted by Physical Review B
MARKET POWER AND ASYMMETRY IN FARM-RETAIL PRICE TRANSMISSION
Creators: name: Acharya, Ram N.
name: Acharya, Ram N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: A finite mixture model is used to examine whether price asymmetries exist in U.S. fresh strawberry markets. Two distinct pricing regimes are identified. Results show that price asymmetries exist only at 34 percent of the cases and market power has played an important role in generating such asymmetric price relationships.
Rational terms in two-loop calculations
Creators: name: Pozzorini, Stefano
name: Zhang, Hantian
name: Zoller, Max F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extension of the renormalisation procedure based on the R-operation in $D$ dimensions at two-loop level, in which the numerators of all Feynman diagrams can be constructed in four dimensions, and the rational terms stemming from the interplay of $(D-4)$-dimensional numerator parts and UV poles are fully reconstructed from a finite set of universal local counterterms. This represents an extension of the concept of rational terms of type $R_2$ to two loops. We provide a general method to compute one and two-loop rational counterterms from massive one-scale tadpole integrals. Finally, we present the full set of rational counterterms of UV origin for QED up to two-loop order.
description: Proceedings for 14th International Symposium on Radiative Corrections (RADCOR2019), 9-13 September 2019, Avignon, France
Innovative Prosthodontic Solution: DMLS Metal Ceramic Restoration for Endodontically Treated Tooth - A Compelling Case Report
Creators: name: Arpit Sikri
name: J. Sikri
Publisher: name: gjrpublication
Year: 2024

description: Issues with endodontic procedures often arise due to inadequate coronal sealing or from subpar crown restorations. This can negatively impact the dental health and appearance over time. One popular restorative material known for its impressive strength is DMLS metal ceramic. Using the direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) technique for metalceramic crowns on the first molar post-endodontic treatment can result in pleasing cosmetic and functional results. DMLS is a method where a powerful laser binds metal powder particles together, layer upon layer, to form 3D items. This happens in a controlled setting, usually with inert gases, to avoid metal oxidation. This report aims to describe the process of applying DMLS PFM crown restorations to a first molar after endodontic therapy.
Application of the Hilbert Space Average Method on Heat Conduction Models
Creators: name: Michel, Mathias
name: Gemmer, Jochen
name: Mahler, Guenter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze closed one-dimensional chains of weakly coupled many level systems, by means of the so-called Hilbert space average method (HAM). Subject to some concrete conditions on the Hamiltonian of the system, our theory predicts energy diffusion with respect to a coarse-grained description for almost all initial states. Close to the respective equilibrium we investigate this behavior in terms of heat transport and derive the heat conduction coefficient. Thus, we are able to show that both heat (energy) diffusive behavior as well as Fourier's law follows from and is compatible with a reversible Schroedinger dynamics on the complete level of description.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E
Almost set-theoretic complete intersections in characteristic zero
Creators: name: Barile, Margherita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M25, 14M10

description: We present a class of toric varieties $V$ which, over any algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, are defined by codim $V$+1 binomial equations.
Spherical galaxy models with power law logarithmic slope
Creators: name: Cardone, V. F.
name: Piedipalumbo, E.
name: Tortora, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new family of spherically symmetric models for the luminous components of elliptical and spiral galaxies and their dark matter haloes. Our starting point is a general expression for the logarithmic slope $α(r) = d\logρ/d\log{r}$ from which most of the cuspy models yet available in literature may be derived. We then dedicate our attention to a particular set of models whose logarithmic slope is a power law function of the radius $r$ investigating in detail their dynamics assuming isotropy in the velocity space. While the basic properties (such as the density profile and the gravitational potential) may be expressed analytically, both the distribution function and the observable quantities (surface brightness and line of sight velocity dispersion) have to be evaluated numerically. We also consider the extension to anisotropic models trying two different parameterization. Since the model recently proposed by Navarro et al. (2004) as the best fit to their sample of numerically simulated haloes belongs to the family we present here, analytical approximations are given for the most useful quantities.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication on MNRAS
Yu-Shiba-Rusinov bands in ferromagnetic superconducting diamond
Creators: name: Zhang, Gufei
name: Samuely, Tomas
name: Iwahara, Naoya
name: Kačmarčík, Jozef
name: Wang, Changan
name: May, Paul W.
name: Jochum, Johanna K.
name: Onufriienko, Oleksandr
name: Szabó, Pavol
name: Zhou, Shengqiang
name: Samuely, Peter
name: Moshchalkov, Victor V.
name: Chibotaru, Liviu F.
name: Rubahn, Horst-Günter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The combination of different exotic properties in materials paves the way for the emergence of their new potential applications. An example is the recently found coexistence of the mutually antagonistic ferromagnetism and superconductivity in hydrogenated boron-doped diamond, which promises to be an attractive system with which to explore unconventional physics. Here, we show the emergence of Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) bands with a spatial extent of tens of nanometers in ferromagnetic superconducting diamond using scanning tunneling spectroscopy. We demonstrate theoretically how a two-dimensional (2D) spin lattice at the surface of a three-dimensional (3D) superconductor gives rise to the YSR bands, and how their density-of-states profile correlates with the spin lattice structure. The established strategy to realize new forms of the coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity opens a way to engineer the unusual electronic states and also to design better performing superconducting devices.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Thermal inertias of pebble-pile comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Creators: name: Arakawa, Sota
name: Ohno, Kazumasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Rosetta mission to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko has provided new data to better understand what comets are made of. The weak tensile strength of the cometary surface materials suggests that the comet is a hierarchical dust aggregate formed through gravitational collapse of a bound clump of small dust aggregates so-called ``pebbles'' in the gaseous solar nebula. Since pebbles are the building blocks of comets, which are the survivors of planetesimals in the solar nebula, estimating the size of pebbles using a combination of thermal observations and numerical calculations is of great importance to understand the planet formation in the outer solar system. In this study, we calculated the thermal inertias and thermal skin depths of the hierarchical aggregates of pebbles, for both diurnal and orbital variations of the temperature. We found that the thermal inertias of the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko are consistent with the hierarchical aggregate of cm- to dm-sized pebbles. Our findings indicate that the icy planetesimals may have formed via accretion of cm- to dm-sized pebbles in the solar nebula.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
CROSS-HEDGING COTTONSEED MEAL
Creators: name: Rahman, Shaikh Mahfuzur
name: Turner, Steven C.
name: Costa, Ecio De Farias
name: Rahman, Shaikh Mahfuzur
name: Turner, Steven C.
name: Costa, Ecio De Farias
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This study examines the feasibility of cross-hedging cottonseed meal with soybean meal futures. The simple linear regression of cottonseed meal cash prices on soybean meal futures provides a direct price movement relationship. Using the estimated hedge-ratios, the net realized prices are calculated for seven different cash markets. The net realized prices exhibit risk efficiency superior to cash pricing. The empirical analyses suggest that soybean meal futures can be used as a potential cross-hedging vehicle for cottonseed meal.
Obscured Activity: AGN, Quasars, Starbursts and ULIGs observed by the Infrared Space Observatory
Creators: name: Verma, Aprajita
name: Charmandaris, Vassilis
name: Klaas, Ulrich
name: Lutz, Dieter
name: Haas, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some of the most active galaxies in the Universe are obscured by large quantities of dust and emit a substantial fraction of their bolometric luminosity in the infrared. Observations of these infrared luminous galaxies with the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) have provided a relatively unabsorbed view to the sources fuelling this active emission. The improved sensitivity, spatial resolution and spectroscopic capability of ISO over its predecessor Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), has enabled significant advances in the understanding of the infrared properties of active galaxies. ISO surveyed a wide range of active galaxies which, in the context of this review, includes those powered by intense bursts of star-formation as well as those containing a dominant active galactic nucleus (AGN). Mid infrared imaging resolved for the first time the dust enshrouded nuclei in many nearby galaxies, while a new era in infrared spectroscopy was opened by probing a wealth of atomic, ionic and molecular lines as well as broad band features in the mid and far infrared. This was particularly useful since it resulted in the understanding of the power production, excitation and fuelling mechanisms in the nuclei of active galaxies including the intriguing but so far elusive ultraluminous infrared galaxies. Detailed studies of various classes of AGN and quasars greatly improved our understanding of the unification scenario. Far-infrared imaging and photometry also revealed the presence of a new very cold dust component in galaxies and furthered our knowledge of the far-infrared properties of faint starbursts, ULIGs and quasars. We summarise almost nine years of key results based upon ISO data spanning the full range of luminosity and type of active galaxies.
description: Accepted for publication in 'ISO science legacy - a compact review of ISO major achievements', Space Science Reviews - dedicated ISO issue. To be published by Springer in 2005. 62 pages (low resolution figures version). Higher resolution PDFs available from http://users.physics.uoc.gr/~vassilis/papers/VermaA.pdf or http://www.iso.vilspa.esa.es/science/SSR/Verma.pdf
SUPPLY AND DEMAND ISSUES FOR A CONVENIENCE LEARNING COURSE
Creators: name: Burton, Robert O.
name: Schurle, Bryan W.
name: Burton, Robert O.
name: Schurle, Bryan W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: This paper explores and analyzes supply and demand of university-level convenience learning courses. Procedures involve use of microeconomic theory to conceptually analyze supply, demand, benefits and costs and a case study comparison of a traditional course to a convenience learning course that has been offered for three years.