Batch hydrogenation of high volatile bituminous coal
Creators: name: El-Feky, Mahmoud Elewa
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Coal liquefaction

description: High-volatile bituminous coal was investigated by batch hycjro-  genation.   Catalyst temperature, pressure, variation of coahoil ratio, and  -¦W                                                                                                                                                                                                           ¦ T  particle size of coal v&amp;ere considered as factors affecting the products dis^ tribution.  Kinetic study of batch hydrogenation of a high-volatile Utah bitumi-  o               o  nous coal was considered.   The temperature range was from 350 C to 500 C  Gaseous, liquid, and solid products were determined.   Acidic and basic  components of the oil were separated from the distillation fraction boiling  4^ip to 250°C.   The neutral oil was fractionated to aromatics, olefins, and  satiates.  From the six coal samples investigated without adding vehicle oil,  the amount of coal converted to oil and gas ranged from 49 .4 percent to  59.1 percent.   Conversion yield decreased in the following order:   Gerland  ^ Rock Spring &gt; Spring Canyon "&gt; Wellington ^ Coal Basin ^   North  Thompson Creek.  When mixing powdered catalysts with coal, the conversion yield  ranged from 24.6 percent to 43.6 percent.   The effectiveness of the catalys  ¦ •_  decreased in the following order:   cobalt molybdate  &gt; nickel-tungsten sulfide &gt;   iodine.   At 450°C and under 1000 psig initial hydrogen pressure, an increase of the catalyst concentration from zero percent to 5.00 percent with respect to coal on ash-free basis, increased the conversion yield  xi  from 18.8 percent to 58.2 percent.   The catalyst is more effective when  impregnated on coal in aqueous colution.   An, increase of temperature from  o               o  350 C to 550 C increased the conversion from 19.5 percent to 45.1 percent.  An increase of pressure from 500 psig to 1500 psig increased the conversion  ¦i.  from 46-Y&amp; percent to 61.2 percent.   Helium was not as effective as hydrogen in batch hyckogeiiaJtion._..^/yTien-adding vehicle oil to coal, an increase in the oilrcoal ratio from 20:80 to 80:20 increased conversion from 36.4 percent to 73*3 percent.   Reduction of the particle size of coal from -35+80 to-400 mesh increased conversion from 44.2 percent to 60.0 percent.  The conversion percent as a function of time was determined.   Data were considered in terms of simple kinetic equations.   In the early stages of hydrogenation, from 350 C to 425 C, a second order rate equation fits the time-yield curves.   In the later stages of hydrogenation, the data fit a first order rate equation.   From 450QC to 500 C, the entire reaction is second order,.   The activation energy was 9.45 kcal/mole for the first  order reaction and 38*57 kcal/mole for the second order reaction.   A quantitative determination of the products was made.   Conversion of coal to liquids and gases ranged from 60.2 percent to 82 .0 percent.   Hydrogen consumption increased tsia^a^imra value of 4.05 percent of the coal and vehicle oil and then decreased depending on temperatures and time.   Gaseouj hydrocarbons increased steadily from 23.1 percent of the coal and vehicle  o                                   °  oil at 350 C to 42 .0 percent at 500 C .   They are mainly methane, ethane,  propane, and butane.   Asphaltene content decreased slightly.   Olefins decreased, saturates increased, and aromatics did not change appreciably,