cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Polar codes and polar lattices for efficient communication and source quantization
Creators: name: Liu, Ling
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: In the past several decays, lattice codes played an important role in coding theory and information theory. Lattice codes with good performance in communication and source compression have attracted considerable interest. A typical method of constructing good lattice codes is to use existing linear codes. For instance, the famous Barnes-Wall lattices are generated by Reed-Muller (RM) codes, and more recently, the emerging low density Construction-A (LDA) lattices are resulted from low density parity check (LDPC) codes. In this thesis, we develop a new class of lattices, called polar lattices, based on polar codes. The invention of polar codes is considered to be one of the major breakthroughs in coding theory for the past ten years. We show that polar lattices provide explicit solutions for many interesting problems in information theory. For channel coding, we prove that polar lattices are capable of achieving the capacity of the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. For the dual side, i.e., source compression, polar lattices can also achieve the rate-distortion bound for the independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Gaussian source. Moreover, a combining design of polar lattices for both channel coding and source coding gives us explicit solutions to the Gaussian version of the Wyner-Ziv and Gelfand-Pinsker problems. For physical layer security, we prove that polar lattices are able to approach the secrecy capacity of the Gaussian wiretap channel under the strong secrecy criterion. Two more applications of polar lattices are achieving the capacity of the i.i.d. fading channel and extracting the common information of two joint Gaussian sources. The explicit construction of polar lattices provides us better insights on the study of lattice coding. Many interesting problems of lattice coding, such as AWGN goodness, secrecy-goodness, lattice shaping, and lattice Gaussian distribution will be addressed from the perspective of polar lattices.
An apparatus for measuring a material's photomechanical response
Creators: name: Bernhardt, Elizabeth
name: Garrison, Chad
name: Rasmussen, Nathan
name: Lanska, Joseph
name: Kuzyk, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Please find the final and published version of the manuscript using this citation: E. Bernhardt, et. al, "An apparatus for measuring a material's photomechanical response", American Journal of Physics, 86, 14 (2018) This paper describes a simple and inexpensive apparatus for measuring the light-induced shape change of a material, which can be implemented in a high school or undergraduate laboratory. The key components are a laser pointer to actuate the material, a force sensor from an inexpensive jeweler's balance to measure the response, an Arduino for data acquisition and a means for mechanically mounting the components. The apparatus described here was used by high school students and teachers in a summer program to characterize liquid crystal elastomers. The theory of the photomechanical response is used to interpret the data, from which the material parameters are determined.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
Seed Magnetic Fields Generated by Primordial Supernova Explosions
Creators: name: Miranda, O. D.
name: Opher, M.
name: Opher, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of the magnetic field in galaxies is an open question in astrophysics. Several mechanisms have been proposed related, in general, with the generation of small seed fields amplified by a dynamo mechanism. In general, these mechanisms have difficulty in satisfying both the requirements of a sufficiently high strength for the magnetic field and the necessary large coherent scales. We show that the formation of dense and turbulent shells of matter, in the multiple explosion scenario of Miranda and Opher (1996, 1997) for the formation of the large-scale structures of the Universe, can naturally act as a seed for the generation of a magnetic field. During the collapse and explosion of Population III objects, a temperature gradient not parallel to a density gradient can naturally be established, producing a seed magnetic field through the Biermann battery mechanism. We show that seed magnetic fields $\sim 10^{-12}-10^{-14}G$ can be produced in this multiple explosion scenario on scales of the order of clusters of galaxies (with coherence length $L\sim 1.8Mpc$) and up to $\sim 4.5\times 10^{-10}G$ on scales of galaxies ($L\sim 100 kpc$).
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 5 pages (MN plain TeX macros v1.6 file). Also available at http://www.iagusp.usp.br/~oswaldo (click "OPTIONS" and then "ARTICLES")
supplement.docx
Creators: name: Shandang Shi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 60405 Gene Expression (incl. Microarray and other genome-wide approaches)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60407 Genome Structure and Regulation

description: Table S1. Sequences of primers used in cloning and PCR reactionsFigure S1 Multiple sequence alignment of TaFAR proteins
Figure S2 Conserved motifs of TaFAR proteins
Additional file 5: of The Community Health Assessment Program in the Philippines (CHAP-P) diabetes health promotion program for low- to middle-income countries: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Agarwal, Gina
name: Angeles, Ricardo
name: Dolovich, Lisa
name: Kaczorowski, Janusz
name: Gaber, Jessica
name: Guenter, Dale
name: Arnuco, Floro
name: Lam, Hilton
name: Thabane, Lehana
name: OâReilly, Daria
name: Agbulos, Rodelin
name: Arciaga, Rosemarie
name: Barrera, Jerome
name: Gregorio, Elgie
name: Halili, Servando
name: Jalani, Norvie
name: Cristobal, Fortunato
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: SPIRIT 2013 Checklist. (DOC 123 kb)
Growing macroscopic superposition states via cavity quantum optomechanics
Creators: name: Clarke, Jack
name: Vanner, Michael R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The investigation of macroscopic quantum phenomena is a current active area of research that offers significant promise to advance the forefronts of both fundamental and applied quantum science. Utilizing the exquisite precision and control of quantum optics provides a powerful toolset for generating such quantum states where the types and 'size' of the states that can be generated are set by the resourcefulness of the protocol applied. In this work we present a new scheme for 'growing' macroscopic superposition states of motion of a mechanical oscillator via cavity quantum optomechanics. The scheme consists of a series of optical pulses interacting with a mechanical mode via radiation-pressure followed by photon-counting measurements. The multistep nature of our protocol allows macroscopic superposition states to be prepared with a relaxed requirement for the single-photon optomechanical coupling strength. To demonstrate the feasibility of our scheme, we quantify how initial mechanical thermal occupation and decoherence affects the non-classicality and macroscopicity of the states generated. We show that under realistic experimental conditions, mechanical quantum states can exhibit significant non-classicality and can be grown to a macroscopic scale.
description: 30 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
Drag reduction of bluff bodies by passive control of boundary layer transition and separation
Creators: name: Clapperton Surfleet, Ben Lewis
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: In many sporting activities the athletes and their associated equipment often operate in a range of Reynolds number, Re, that is close to the critical regime where the boundary layer flow undergoes transition from a laminar to a turbulent state. It is well known from numerous studies on circular cylinder and sphere flows that boundary layer transition can be forced to occur at lower Re, and hence drag reduced by delaying flow separation, through the application of, for example, roughness to the surface. This thesis is aimed at increasing understanding of how passive flow control methods might be employed to influence boundary layer flow in order to reduce the drag of bluff bodies. A wind tunnel based research programme was undertaken to study these aspects, including a review of a selection of commonly studied boundary layer tripping methods. The main body of the thesis is devoted to the investigation of two novel passive flow control concepts, developed for this research, which were found to significantly reduce the drag coefficient in the sub-critical Re flow regime of a plain cylinder. Of these two concepts, the main research focus was on identifying the drag reducing mechanisms of a system of passive, continuously blowing jets. It was found that the interaction of the jets and cross-flow induced a very high frequency instability which leads to the downstream formation of tornado-like vortices which are shed into, and identified in the near-wake. It is postulated that the introduction of stream-wise vorticity into the separating shear layer develops favourable drag reducing mechanisms. Discrete cylindrical surface protrusions were additionally found to develop similar effects on flow topology and drag reduction, and were more effective than the passive jets at low Reynolds numbers.
The small-scale clustering power spectrum and relativistic decays
Creators: name: McNally, S. J.
name: Peacock, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present constraints on decaying-particle models in which an enhanced relativistic density allows an $Ω=1$ Cold Dark Matter universe to be reconciled with acceptable values for the Hubble constant. Such models may contain extra small-scale power, which can have important consequences for enhanced object formation at high redshifts. Small-scale galaxy clustering and abundances of high-redshift damped Lyman-$α$ absorption clouds give a preferred range for the mass of any such decaying particle of 2 to 30 keV and a lifetime of 0.5 to 100 years for models with a high Hubble constant ($h>0.75$). A lower Hubble constant, $h \simeq 0.5$, weakens the constraint to $0.5< m < 30$ keV, $0.2 < τ< 500$ years. In permitted versions of the model, reionization occurs at redshifts $\sim 10-200$, and this feature may be of importance in understanding degree-scale CMB anisotropies.
description: MNRAS in press. 7 pages plain TeX in the form of a uu-encoded postscript file. Figure .ps files, plus TeX source and macros available via anonymous ftp at ftp://ftp.roe.ac.uk/pub/jap/pbump
Helmholtz Decomposition and Boundary Element Method applied to Dynamic Linear Elastic Problems
Creators: name: Klaseboer, Evert
name: Sun, Qiang
name: Chan, Derek Y. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 74B05, 35J05, 35Q74, 65M38

description: The displacement field for three dimensional dynamic elasticity problems in the frequency domain can be decomposed into a sum of a longitudinal and a transversal part known as a Helmholtz decomposition. The Cartesian components of both the longitudinal and transverse fields satisfy scalar Helmholtz equations that can be solved using a desingularized boundary element method (BEM) framework. The curl free longitudinal and divergence free transversal conditions can also be cast as additional scalar Helmholtz equations. When compared to other BEM implementations, the current framework leads to smaller matrix dimensions and a simpler conceptual approach. The numerical implementation of this approach is benchmarked against the 3D elastic wave field generated by a rigid vibrating sphere embedded in an infinite linear elastic medium for which the analytical solution has been derived. Examples of focussed 3D elastic waves generated by a vibrating bowl-shaped rigid object with convex and concave surfaces are also considered. In the static zero frequency limit, the Helmholtz decomposition becomes non-unique, and both the longitudinal and transverse components contain divergent terms that are proportional to the inverse square of the frequency. However, these divergences are equal and opposite so that their sum, that is the displacement field that reflects the physics of the problem, remains finite in the zero frequency limit.
Electromechanical response of bulk PZT 95/5 and associated polymers across temperature and strain rate
Creators: name: Khan, Amnah Sehar
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Piezoelectricity is the ability of certain, non-conductive, materials to generate an electrical charge when pressure is applied to them. The voltage produced is directly proportional to the applied stress. The amount of charge generated can depend on, for example, the applied strain rate or the temperature. Due to this ability, piezoceramics, such as PZT ceramics, find use in many different applications, primarily as sensors or actuators. Sensors work by detecting pressure, mechanically deforming and thus producing a voltage. Actuators, on the other hand, mechanically deform upon application of an electric field. To develop a better understanding of the piezoelectric ceramic lead zirconate titanate (PZT) 95/5, a range of studies including varying temperatures, porosities, and strain rates have been conducted. The effects on the voltage output and failure of poled PZT samples of different porosities have been investigated using different compressive strain rates (10^-4 – 10^4 s^-1), reached with quasi-static loading equipment, drop-weight towers, and Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars (SHPBs). The main cylindrical specimens were of 4.4 mm diameter, thickness 0.8 - 4.4 mm, and density 7.3 - 8.3 g cm^-3. The temperature range of -20°C to +80°C was achieved using purpose-built environmental chambers. The resulting stress-strain relationships are compared; all the samples ultimately displaying a brittle response at failure [1]. To support this work, ideal geometric specimen sizes were identified for the different types of loading experiment, by carrying out a range of strain-rate compression experiments on well-studied materials such as aluminium and copper. In addition, different experimental platforms were successfully developed in order to reach non-ambient temperatures in the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar experiments. Finally, as piezoceramics, when used in real world applications, are often coated in protective layers of polymer, several different types of industrial polymer have been characterised across the full range of strain rates and temperatures.
Additional file 1 of Machine-learning based MRI radiomics models for early detection of radiation-induced brain injury in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Creators: name: Zhang, Bin
name: Lian, Zhouyang
name: Zhong, Liming
name: Zhang, Xiao
name: Dong, Yuhao
name: Chen, Qiuying
name: Zhang, Lu
name: Mo, Xiaokai
name: Huang, Wenhui
name: Yang, Wei
name: Zhang, Shuixing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Appendix A1. radiomic feature extraction methodology. Appendix A2. The description of random forest method. Appendix A3. Table 1. MRI examinations of RTLI-positive and RTLI-negative patients in models 1, 2 and 3. Appendix A4. Average AUC of selected radiomic features for three models. Appendix A5. Figure 1. Comparison of AUCs between three prediction models (models 1, 2, and 3) using different combinations of radiomic features (n = 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20) in the training cohort. (a-c) model 1 using features derived from the medial temporal lobe, temporal gray matter, and temporal white matter respectively. (d-f) model 2 using features derived from the medial temporal lobe, temporal gray matter, and temporal white matter respectively. (g-i) model 3 using features derived from the medial temporal lobe, temporal gray matter, and temporal white matter respectively.
Myrmecophaga tetradactyla Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Pilosa
Myrmecophagidae
Myrmecophaga
Myrmecophaga tetradactyla

description: Myrmecophaga tetradactyla [spec. nov.]
M. palmis tetradactylis, plantis pentadactylis. Syst. nat. 8.
Tamandua 1. Marcgr. bras. 226. Raj. quadr. 242. Seb. mus. 2. t. 47. f. 2.
Habitat in America meridionali.
Noctu exit; die dormit capite sub brachiis recondito; irata baculum prehendit, stertit, posterioribus pedibus insidens. Caudae extremitas calva, qua se ex ramis arborum suspendere potest, quod non in praecedenti.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 35, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Muscle architecture, loading and joint replacement of the ankle
Creators: name: Sopher, Ran Salach
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The use of total ankle replacement (TAR) for treatment of arthritis is rapidly increasing, but survival rates are of major concern. The primary indication for TAR revision is implant loosening, which is linked with inadequate primary stability manifested in higher levels of initial implant-bone micromotion. Finite-element (FE) modelling has been utilised to assess micromotion of arthroplasty implants, but not TAR. Additionally, the biomechanical consequences of TAR malpositioning during surgery – previously linked with higher failure rates – remain unexplored. The aim of this thesis was therefore to apply FE modelling to estimate implant-bone micromotion and peri-implant bone strains of current TAR designs under optimally-positioned and malpositioned cases, and thereby identify fixation features and malpositioning scenarios that place the reconstructed ankle at risk of early loosening. Computational models simulating commonly-used TAR designs (BOX®, Mobility® and Salto®) implanted into the tibia and talus were developed; the loads applied were the contact forces acting in the ankle during gait, as calculated using a previously-validated musculoskeletal model, while implementing muscle-architecture data obtained through dissections of cadaveric legs. Micromotion and strain outcomes were larger for the tibial compared with the talar components, in agreement with previous clinical observations. The tibial Mobility® and talar Salto® components demonstrated the largest micromotion. A gap between the tibia/talus and implant component resulted in a considerable increase in implant-bone micromotion and peri-implant bone strains; the Salto® design was relatively ‘forgiving’ for such malpositioning. It was concluded that better primary stability can be achieved through fixation nearer to the joint line, while relying on more than a single fixation peg, and preserving more of the cortical sidewalls of the bone; incomplete seating of the implant on the bone increases the risk for TAR failure. The models presented in this thesis may assist implant designers and surgeons in improving TAR designs and surgical techniques.
New HI-detected Galaxies in the Zone of Avoidance
Creators: name: Staveley-Smith, L.
name: Juraszek, S.
name: Koribalski, B. S.
name: Ekers, R. D.
name: Green, A. J.
name: Haynes, R. F.
name: Henning, P. A.
name: Kesteven, M. J.
name: Kraan-Korteweg, R. C.
name: Price, R. M.
name: Sadler, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first results of a blind HI survey for galaxies in the southern Zone of Avoidance with a multibeam receiver on the Parkes telescope. This survey is eventually expected to catalog several thousand galaxies within Galactic latitude |b|<5 degrees, mostly unrecognised before due to Galactic extinction and confusion. We present here results of the first three detections to have been imaged with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). The galaxies all lie near Galactic longitude 325 degrees and were selected because of their large angular sizes, up to 1.3 degrees. Linear sizes range from 53 to 108 kpc. The first galaxy is a massive 5.7x10^11 solar mass disk galaxy with a faint optical counterpart, SGC 1511.1--5249. The second is probably an interacting group of galaxies straddling the Galactic equator. No optical identification is possible. The third object appears to be an interacting pair of low column density galaxies, possibly belonging to an extended Circinus or Centaurus A galaxy group. No optical counterpart has been seen despite the predicted extinction (A(B) = 2.7 - 4.4 mag) not being excessive. We discuss the implications of the results, in particular the low HI column densities (~10^19 atoms/sq.cm) found for two of the three galaxies.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures (Fig.1 in three parts, Fig.5 in two parts). To appear in Astronomical Journal (Dec 1998). See http://www.atnf.csiro.au/research/multibeam
Structured sensing for estimation of high-dimensional data
Creators: name: Zhang, Peng
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Efficient estimation and processing of high-dimensional data is important in many scientic and engineering domains. In this thesis, we explore structured sensing methods for high-dimensional signal in three different perspectives: structured random matrices for compressed sensing and corrupted sensing, atomic norm regularization for massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems and variable density sampling for random field. Designing efficient sensing systems for high-dimensional data by appealing to the prior knowledge that their intrinsic information is usually small has become popular in recent years. As a starting point, compressed sensing has proven to be feasible for estimating sparse signals when the number of measurements is far less than the dimensionality of the signals. Besides fully random sensing matrices, many structured sensing matrices have been designed to reduce the computation and storage cost. We propose a unified structured sensing framework and prove the associated restricted isometry property. We demonstrate that the proposed framework encompasses many existing designs. In addition, we construct new structured sensing models based on the proposed framework. Furthermore, we consider a generalized problem where the compressive measurements are affected by both dense noise and sparse corruption. We show that in some cases the proposed framework can still guarantee faithful recovery for both the sparse signal and the corruption. The next part of the thesis is concerned with channel estimation and faulty antennas detection in massive MIMO systems. By leveraging the intrinsic information of the channel matrix through atomic norm, we propose new algorithms and demonstrate their performances for both channel estimation and faulty antennas detection. In the last part, we propose a variable density sampling method for the estimation of high-dimensional random field. While conventional uniform sampling requires a number of samples increasing exponentially with the dimension, we show that faithful recovery can be guaranteed with a polynomial size of random samples.
The Open Citations Movement: the Story So Far
Creators: name: Peroni, Silvio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: The Initiative for Open Citations (I4OC) was launched in April 2017 with the purpose of promoting the release of structured, separable, and open citation data. Thanks to the incredible support of a large (and still growing) number of publishers and stakeholders, in one year more than 500 million citations have been released to the public, and are currently used by third parties for building new services to serve the scholarly community. In the first part of my talk, I will recall the main milestones reached by the Initiative, while, in the second part, I will focus on outcomes of one of its funders, i.e. OpenCitations, showing the way Semantic Publishing technologies have been used for describing and releasing a huge collection of open citation data.
Some results for conjugate equations
Creators: name: Okamura, Kazuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 39B72, 39B12, 28A80, 26A30

description: In this paper we consider a class of conjugate equations, which generalizes de Rham's functional equations. We give sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of solutions under two different series of assumptions. We consider regularity of solutions. In our framework, two iterated function systems are associated with a series of conjugate equations. We state local regularity by using the invariant measures of the two iterated function systems with a common probability vector. We give several examples, especially an example such that infinitely many solutions exists, and a new class of fractal functions on the two-dimensional standard Sierpinski gasket which are not harmonic functions or fractal interpolation functions. We also consider a certain kind of stability.
description: 28 pages; to appear in Aequationes mathematicae
Acceleration Rates and Injection Efficiencies in Oblique Shocks
Creators: name: Ellison, D. C.
name: Baring, M. G.
name: Jones, F. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rate at which particles are accelerated by the first-order Fermi mechanism in shocks depends on the angle, \teq{\Tbone}, that the upstream magnetic field makes with the shock normal. The greater the obliquity the greater the rate, and in quasi-perpendicular shocks rates can be hundreds of times higher than those seen in parallel shocks. In many circumstances pertaining to evolving shocks (\eg, supernova blast waves and interplanetary traveling shocks), high acceleration rates imply high maximum particle energies and obliquity effects may have important astrophysical consequences. However, as is demonstrated here, the efficiency for injecting thermal particles into the acceleration mechanism also depends strongly on obliquity and, in general, varies inversely with \teq{\Tbone}. The degree of turbulence and the resulting cross-field diffusion strongly influences both injection efficiency and acceleration rates. The test particle \mc simulation of shock acceleration used here assumes large-angle scattering, computes particle orbits exactly in shocked, laminar, non-relativistic flows, and calculates the injection efficiency as a function of obliquity, Mach number, and degree of turbulence. We find that turbulence must be quite strong for high Mach number, highly oblique shocks to inject significant numbers of thermal particles and that only modest gains in acceleration rates can be expected for strong oblique shocks over parallel ones if the only source of seed particles is the thermal background.
description: 24 pages including 6 encapsulated figures, as a compressed, uuencoded, Postscript file. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Wave asymptotics at a cosmological time-singularity: classical and quantum scalar fields
Creators: name: Bachelot, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q75, 35Q40

description: We investigate the propagation of the scalar waves in the FLRW universes beginning with a Big Bang and ending with a Big Crunch, a Big Rip, a Big Brake or a Sudden Singularity. We obtain the sharp description of the asymptotics for the solutions of the linear Klein-Gordon equation, and similar results for the semilinear equation with a subcritical exponent. We prove that the number of cosmological particle creation is finite under general assumptions on the initial Big Bang and the final Big Crunch or Big Brake.
description: 40 p., 5 figures
On the Formation of Bulges and Elliptical Galaxies in the Cosmological Context
Creators: name: Avila-Reese, V.
name: Firmani, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the formation of hot spheroidal systems within the frame of a scenario where galaxy formation and evolution is related to the gentle mass aggregation history and primordial angular momentum of protogalaxies, both defined by the cosmological initial conditions. We explore two cases: (1) the hot spheroidal system forms from the dynamical instabilities of the stellar disks, and (2) the spheroidal systems are formed during the dissipative collapse of the gas before falling to the disk in centrifugal equilibrium. In the former case a good agreement with observations for late type galaxies is found. In the second case, contrary to recent claims, we find that the tidal stability criterion is not easily reached. The gas that dissipatively collapses within the dark matter halos should be very clumpy, and the clumps very dense, in order to avoid the tidal destruction of the star formation unities.
description: to appear in "Star Formation in Early-Type Galaxies", ASP Conf. Ser., eds. P. Carral & J. Cepa, paspconf.sty, LaTeX, 7 pages, 2 figures
Data Ecosystems and Futures of Art History
Creators: name: Helmreich, Anne
name: Lincoln, Matthew
name: van den Heuvel, Charles
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 190102 Art History
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)

description: This debate articulates a series of practices with respect to research data and art history. It adopts a broad framework for the discipline, situating it not just in academia but also museums, libraries, and archives, which form our data ecosystem. This perspective leads the contributors to consi-der research data as distinguishable from, while nonetheless closely related to, collections data. The debate then lays out how this distinction informs and arguably entails differing responsibilities with respect to such practices as data interoperability and reusability, data enrichment, and interpretation as well as the application of computer vision and machine learning. A key takeaway from this debate is that such practices are not inviolable but instead contingent and should be considered critically. Thus, it is imperative that art history curricula take up developing competencies related to research data; this is our shared future.
Phoca Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Phocidae
Phoca

description: Phoca [gen. nov.]
Dentes Primores superiores VI paralleli: exteriores majores.
Inferiores IV, paralleli, distincti, aequales, obtusiusculi.
Laniarii I: superiores ab incisoribus, inferiores a molaribus remoti.
Molares V s. VI, Tricuspidati.
Auriculae nullae.
Pedes postici coaliti.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 37, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
The Canada-France Redshift Survey VII: Optical counterparts of microJansky radiosources
Creators: name: Hammer, F.
name: Crampton, D.
name: Fevre, O. Le
name: Lilly, S.
name: Kenet, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep imaging and spectroscopy have been carried out for optical counterparts of a complete sample of S$>$16 $μ$Jy radiosources during the course of the Canada-France Redshift Survey (CFRS). All 36 sources but two have been optically identified, and spectra have been obtained for 23 of them. The objects brighter than $I_{AB}$0.7 early-type galaxies with radio emission powered by an AGN, intermediate redshift post-starburst galaxies, and lower redshift blue emission-line objects. From their radio and optical properties, it is argued that the 11 objects fainter than $I_{AB}>$22.5 are mostly at z$>$1, and one half of them are probably early-type galaxies. We conclude that $\sim$40 per cent of the $μ$Jy sources are likely to be at z $>$1. Between one third and one half of the luminous ellipticals in this field beyond z = 0.7 show moderately powerful radio emission (P $\sim$ 5 10$^{23}$ W Hz$^{-1}$) which is at least 10 times more powerful than seen in local samples, and probably reflects evolution of the activity in their nuclei. Only one classical starburst galaxy is identified in the sample; the rest of the blue emission-line objects show optical and radio activity more typical of low power AGNs than starbursts. The number of post-starbursts at $μ$Jy levels is considerably higher than the surface density of mJy starburst galaxies, suggesting the latter are the parent population of the former. While starburst galaxies are considered to be major contributors to the mJy radiosources counts, the majority of the $μ$Jy radio sources appear to be related to AGN activity rather than to normal star
description: to be published in MNRAS, 10 pages, 1 Table, 8 Figures
Supplementary material from Using species distribution modelling to determine opportunities for trophic rewilding under future scenarios of climate change
Creators: name: Jarvie, Scott
name: Jens-Christian Svenning
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Trophic rewilding candidate species; Additional details and results for species distribution models of trophic rewilding candidate species; Table S1. Summary statistics from correlative species distribution modelling (SDMs) for focal species that have been widely discussed for trophic rewilding in the literature; Figures S1-S34: Climatically suitability maps for focal species of trophic rewilding projects that have been widely discussed in the literature
Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Vespertilionidae
Vespertilio
Vespertilio murinus

description: Vespertilio murinus [spec. nov.]
V. caudatus, naso oreque simplici, auriculis capite minoribus. Faun. svec. 18. Syst. nat. 7.
Vespertilio. Bell. av. 147. Gesn. av. 694. Aldr. ornith. 1. p. 571. Jonst. av. 53. t. 20. Alb. av. 3. p. 95. t. 101. Raj. quadr. 243. Edv. av. t. 201. f. 2.
Vespertilio auribus minoribus. Frisch. av. t. 102.
Habitat in Europa.
Noctu volat, victitat imprimis Phalaenis, capitur Arctii Lappae calycibus, hybernat, de terra non evolat; venenatus.
Anatome. E. N. C. d. 2. a. 1. obs. 48.
Ovid. met. IV: 12. Lucemque perosae
Nocte volant, seroque tenent a vespera nomen.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 32, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Series Expansion of the Percolation Threshold on Hypercubic Lattices
Creators: name: Mertens, Stephan
name: Moore, Cristopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study proper lattice animals for bond- and site-percolation on the hypercubic lattice $\mathbb{Z}^d$ to derive asymptotic series of the percolation threshold $p_c$ in $1/d$, The first few terms of these series were computed in the 1970s, but the series have not been extended since then. We add two more terms to the series for $\pcsite$ and one more term to the series for $\pcbond$, using a combination of brute-force enumeration, combinatorial identities and an approach based on Padé approximants, which requires much fewer resources than the classical method. We discuss why it took 40 years to compute these terms, and what it would take to compute the next ones. En passant, we present new perimeter polynomials for site and bond percolation and numerical values for the growth rate of bond animals.
description: 36 pages, 6 figures, 9 tables
On the Global Stability of Magnetized Accretion Disks. II. Vertical and Azimuthal Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Curry, Charles
name: Pudritz, Ralph E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the global stability of a differentially rotating fluid shell threaded by vertical and azimuthal magnetic fields to linear, axisymmetric perturbations. This system, which models a thick accretion disk in the vicinity of its midplane, is susceptible to the Velikhov-Chandrasekhar (VC) instability in the absence of the azimuthal field. In most cases, the azimuthal field tends to stabilize the VC instability, although strong fields (Alfvén speed of order the characteristic rotational speed in our incompressible model) are required for complete stabilization. Stability diagrams are constructed, indicating critical values of the two fields for instability. We find an additional strong field instability that arises when the azimuthal Alfvén speed exceeds the characteristic rotational speed. This instability, in the case of a freely bounded configuration, has certain similarities to the sausage instability for interpenetrating fields in plasma physics, and may be important for very massive disks or filamentary molecular clouds. An application to the L1641 region in Orion A is briefly discussed. Finally, we find that the effect of a radially varying vertical field (without an azimuthal field) is mainly stabilizing.
description: 36 pages incl. 8 figures, gzipped postscript file
Structure and dynamics in atrial fibrillation: a model of cardiac excitation
Creators: name: Manani, Kishan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common abnormal heart rhythm, affecting 1% of people worldwide, and is predicted to double in incidence within the next two to three decades. During AF multiple excitation wavefronts are observed to propagate continuously in atrial muscle tissue (myocardium) in an apparently disorganised manner. Ablating atrial myocardium extensively and empirically via catheter electrodes may cure AF in some cases. However, an inability to identify the specific regions critical to the persistence of AF has resulted in a failure to improve on disappointing clinical outcomes. Another clinical challenge is to understand patient variability in AF and AF progression. It is commonly thought that AF-induced tissue remodelling and age-related increases in fibrosis supports the notion that AF inexorably becomes worse. However, a recent body of clinical observations now questions how large this effect is in humans and lacks a mechanistic explanation. In this thesis, we propose that both of these clinical challenges can be addressed by better understanding the relationship between the microstructure of myocardium and the dynamics of cardiac excitation waves. We investigated this relationship using a simple mathematical model which integrates phenomenological cardiac dynamics with a structure that mimics the anisotropic, branching, cable-like structure of myocardium. As we reduced the transversal connectivity of myocardium below a threshold value, mimicking the effects of fibrosis, the creation of micro-re-entrant circuits resulted in the sudden onset of AF in the model. AF in the model was driven by periods of perpetual birth and death of these micro-re-entrant circuits. We showed that this process is determined by the presence of specific local configurations of connectivity and dysfunctional cells, so called critical regions, and the collisions between wavefronts and wavetails. The simple model reproduced many clinically observed features of AF. These included: the spontaneous onset and self-termination of AF episodes of variable duration, the observation that ablation of critical regions could sometimes terminate AF, and variability in AF behaviour and AF progression. The studies of this model presented in this thesis generate novel hypotheses regarding the mechanisms of AF and its progression, and could inform future ablation strategies.
Manis pentadactyla Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Pholidota
Manidae
Manis
Manis pentadactyla

description: Manis pentadactyla [spec. nov.]
M. pedibus pentadactylis. Syst. nat. 8. Act. Stockh. 1749. p. 265. t. 6. f. 3.
Armadillus squamatus major ceylanicus. Seb. mus. 1. p. 88. t. 54. f. 1. &. t. 53. f. 5. Aldr. quadr. 667.
Lacertus squamosus. Clus. exot. 374. Bont. jav. 60. Olear. mus. 8. t. 7. f. 1. Pet. gaz. 32. t. 20. f. 1. 2. Raj. quadr. 274.
Myrmecophagus squamatus s. Daemon thebaicus. Herm. mus. 295.
Habitat in India orientali. Victitat Formicis, Vermibus, Lacertis.
Corpus supra squamis basi striatis setisque interstinctis vestitum ut strobilus; subtus hirtum est. Sed Cauda utrinque squamosa, etiam subtus imbricata.
Auriculae nudae rotundatae. Ungues primores medii majores, quibus contractis incedit.
Myrmecophagis affinis. Irata squamas erigit horrida.
Cauda pinguis in epulis expetita.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 36, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Many-Body Quantum Interference and the Saturation of Out-of-Time-Order Correlators
Creators: name: Rammensee, Josef
name: Urbina, Juan-Diego
name: Richter, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) have been proposed as sensitive probes for chaos in interacting quantum systems. They exhibit a characteristic classical exponential growth, but saturate beyond the so-called scrambling or Ehrenfest time $τ_{\rm E}$ in the quantum correlated regime. Here we present a path-integral approach for the entire time evolution of OTOCs for bosonic $N$-particle systems. We first show how the growth of OTOCs up to $τ_{\rm E} = (1/λ) \log N$ is related to the Lyapunov exponent $λ$ of the corresponding chaotic mean-field dynamics in the semiclassical large-$N$ limit. Beyond $τ_{\rm E}$, where simple mean-field approaches break down, we identify the underlying quantum mechanism responsible for the saturation. To this end we express OTOCs by coherent sums over contributions from different mean-field solutions and compute the dominant many-body interference term amongst them. Our method further applies to the complementary semiclassical limit $\hbar \rightarrow 0$ for fixed $N$, including quantum-chaotic single- and few-particle systems.
description: 6 + 10 pages, 2 figures, small adjustments to match with the published version
EDUBASE: Education for Black South Africans
Creators: name: Kallaway, Peter
name: Diedre Birch
name: Hiscock, David
name: King, Thomas
name: Zimmer, Niklas
name: Hardeman, Megan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Education

description: Professor Peter Kallaway is an emeritus professor in the School of Education at the University of Cape Town. This study explores the EDUBASE collection, a decades-long, multi-format bibliography of research on education for Black South Africans, containing content stretching from 1806 to 1992, and the process of making this collection openly available.
Historical Memory On Wikipedia In Italian
Creators: name: Brambilla, Fabio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This is an input to the discussion provided by a Wikipedian who has been contributing articles related to history to Wikipedia in Italian for about twenty years. Mt contribution focuses on Wikipedia in Italian and on contented related to the fascist period.

It must be considered that there is not a single Wikipedia, but various encyclopedias written in more than 300 languages, whose development is formally independent; unfortunately too often the analysis carried out by scholars external to the encyclopedia is limited to studying the English-written version, which is the largest in size and generalize the conclusions drawn on the entire Wikipedia corpus. In reality, for each linguistic version, its writing depends above all on the geographical cultural area within which the reference language is most used, with significant differences if the language is mainly used in a single nation, or is shared in different states. 

The case I am discussing is focussed on Wikipedia in Italian, which largely has Italy as its cultural milieu, a country in which there is a discrete political dialectic around the historical memory of the fascist period and of the harmful consequences it suffered, including anti-Semitism. This very same dialectic is strongly present on Wikipedia in Italian and articles related to the fascist period and antisemitism are often controversial and at the centre of revisionism, debates and conflicts.
Manis Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Pholidota
Manidae
Manis

description: Manis [gen. nov.]
Dentes nulli.
Lingua teres, extensilis.
Corpus squamis tectum.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 36, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206