cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: ADCO, Cinquième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1664), Cart. 28 (G 132), 258 folios, f. 00163
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire

description: Cinquième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1664), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 28 (G 132), 258 folios, f. 00163, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cinquième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1664), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 28 (G 132), 258 folios, f. 00163, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
Schwinger Effect by an $SU(2)$ Gauge Field during Inflation
Creators: name: Lozanov, Kaloian D.
name: Maleknejad, Azadeh
name: Komatsu, Eiichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Abelian gauge fields may exist during inflation. We study the Schwinger effect by an $SU(2)$ gauge field coupled to a charged scalar doublet in a (quasi) de Sitter background and the possible backreaction of the generated charged particles on the homogeneous dynamics. Contrary to the Abelian $U(1)$ case, we find that both the Schwinger pair production and the induced current decrease as the interaction strength increases. The reason for this suppression is the isotropic vacuum expectation value of the $SU(2)$ field which generates a (three times) greater effective mass for the scalar field than the $U(1)$. In the weak interaction limit, the above effect is negligible and both the $SU(2)$ and $U(1)$ cases exhibit a linear increase of the current and a constant conductivity with the interaction strength. We conclude that the Schwinger effect does not pose a threat to the dynamics of inflationary models involving an $SU(2)$ gauge field.
description: Minor changes
Ground breaking technologies in the Middle Paleolithic of the Levant: High resolution functional analyses of Ground Stones Tools
Creators: name: Paixao, Eduardo
name: Marreiros, Joao
name: Malinski-Buller, Ariel
name: Gneisinger, Walter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 210102 Archaeological Science
subject: FOS: History and archaeology

description: The topic of Ground Stone Tools (GST) is of great interest to understand the evolu�on of human behavior throughout
�me and space. These ar�facts are a tes�mony of the most persistent and durable technological adapta�on in human
evolu�on; their appearance stretches from the earliest evidence of human ac�vity to the present day across a wide
geographic distribu�on.
By defini�on, this group includes any stone item that is primarily manufactured through mechanisms of abrasion, polish,
or impac�on, or itself used to abrade, polish or impact (Adams, 2002).
The GST diachronic and spa�al distribu�ons during the Middle Paleolithic of the Levant (ca. 250-47ka BP) are limited to
mainly open air sites while in caves and rock-shelters they are very rare. The reasons for these distribu�on pa�erns are
unknown. This phenomenon may be due to a research bias related to the difficul�es in the iden�fica�on of these ar�facts,
or can be related to the specific func�on of this material. In order to contribute to this discourse, two main problems
need to be resolved: a) develop analy�cal units via experiment-based actualis�c studies to improve the iden�fica�on of
these materials, and b) understand the specific func�on/s of these materials. In the literature a wide range of possible
uses has been suggested for GST, including the processing of organic materials (e.g. plants and fauna) and also mineral
products (e.g. ochre and bipolar lithic produc�on). The project will test these possibili�es on the MP of the Levant,
analyzing Ground Stones from different open air sites.
In order to address these ques�ons, this project follows a dedicated workflow characterized by 3 main topics: 1) lithic raw
material characteriza�on, 2) controlled experiments, and 3) use-wear analysis. The experimental program will include
different types of GST ac�vi�es using various raw materials in a controlled way. With the help of robo�cs, as many
variables as possible will be controlled; resul�ng in numerical data to facilitate both, the comparison of results and the
replicability of the experiments. Func�onal analysis of the use-wear will combine low and high magnifica�on analyses,
genera�ng 3D data in order to qualita�vely assess and quan�fy different types of use-wear traces.
Inference as a data management problem
Creators: name: Liu, Yu
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Inference over OWL ontologies with large A-Boxes has been researched as a data management problem in recent years. This work adopts the strategy of applying a tableaux-based reasoner for complete T-Box classification, and using a rule-based mechanism for scalable A-Box reasoning. Specifically, we establish for the classified T-Box an inference framework, which can be used to compute and materialise inference results. The inference we focus on is type inference in A-Box reasoning, which we define as the process of deriving for each A-Box instance its memberships of OWL classes and properties. As our approach materialises the inference results, it in general provides faster query processing than non-materialising techniques, at the expense of larger space requirement and slower update speed. When the A-Box size is suitable for an RDBMS, we compile the inference framework to triggers, which incrementally update the inference materialisation from both data inserts and data deletes, without needing to re-compute the whole inference. More importantly, triggers make inference available as atomic consequences of inserts or deletes, which preserves the ACID properties of transactions, and such inference is known as transactional reasoning. When the A-Box size is beyond the capability of an RDBMS, we then compile the inference framework to Spark programmes, which provide scalable inference materialisation in a Big Data system, and our evaluation considers up to reasoning 270 million A-Box facts. Evaluating our work, and comparing with two state-of-the-art reasoners, we empirically verify that our approach is able to perform scalable inference materialisation, and to provide faster query processing with comparable completeness of reasoning.
Planetary Companions Around Two Solar Type Stars: HD 195019 and HD 217107
Creators: name: Fischer, D. A.
name: Marcy, G. W.
name: Butler, R. P.
name: Vogt, S. S.
name: Apps, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have enlarged the sample of stars in the planet search at Lick Observatory. Doppler measurements of 82 new stars observed at Lick Observatory, with additional velocities from Keck Observatory, have revealed two new planet candidates. The G3V/IV star, HD 195019, exhibits Keplerian velocity variations with a period of 18.27 d, an orbital eccentricity of 0.03 +/- 0.03, and M sin i = 3.51 M_Jup. Based on a measurement of Ca II H&K emission, this star is chromospherically inactive. We estimate the metallicity of HD 195019 to be approximately solar from ubvy photometry. The second planet candidate was detected around HD 217107, a G7V star. This star exhibits a 7.12 d Keplerian period with eccentricity 0.14 +/- 0.05 and M sin i = 1.27 M_Jup. HD 217107 is also chromospherically inactive. The photometric metallicity is found to be [Fe/H] = +0.29 +/- 0.1 dex. Given the relatively short orbital period, the absence of tidal spin-up of HD 217107 provides a theoretical constraint on the upper limit of the companion mass of < 11 M_Jup.
description: 15 pages, plus 6 figures. To appear in Jan 1999 PASP
Emergency navigation, energy optimisation and cooperative algorithms for motion and evacuation
Creators: name: Bi, Huibo
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The increasing concentration of human populations in modern urbanised societies has aggravated the frequency and destruction of both natural and manmade disasters, and has motivated considerable research over the last few decades. Accompanying the development of computing technology, emergency navigation algorithms in built environment have evolved from off-line algorithms that direct evacuees in accordance with pre-deployed static evacuation plans to on-line algorithms that dynamically calculate egress paths for evacuees. However, these algorithms normally consider evacuees in a homogeneous manner, and ignore the different requirements and relative risk of death among different groups of people caused by different mobilities, physical strength, health conditions and level of resistance to hazard. Therefore, this work aims to develop systems and algorithms to dynamically customise distinct paths for different categories of evacuees. To this end, we borrow the concept of Cognitive Packet Network (CPN) and adapt it to the context of emergency navigation. On top of the CPN framework, we design several routing metrics to calculate distinct egress paths for different categories of evacuees. To improve the inter and intra-group coordination, several cooperative strategies are proposed to further optimise the routes calculated by the proposed routing algorithm. To provide a more accurate prediction to the congestion level of each egress path during an evacuation process under the effect of panic behaviours, we combine the CPN based routing algorithm with a G-network model to analyse the congestion level on a path via capturing the dynamics of diverse categories of evacuees under the influence of panic and re-routing decisions from the navigation system. Finally, we extend our work to large scale evacuations, and propose a G-network based emergency navigation algorithm to direct vehicles to safe areas in the aftermath of a large-scale disaster in an energy and time efficient manner.
Hölder curves and parameterizations in the Analyst's Traveling Salesman theorem
Creators: name: Badger, Matthew
name: Naples, Lisa
name: Vellis, Vyron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A75 (Primary), 26A16, 28A80, 30L05, 65D10 (Secondary)

description: We investigate the geometry of sets in Euclidean and infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. We establish sufficient conditions that ensure a set of points is contained in the image of a $(1/s)$-Hölder continuous map $f:[0,1]\rightarrow l^2$, with $s>1$. Our results are motivated by and generalize the "sufficient half" of the Analyst's Traveling Salesman Theorem, which characterizes subsets of rectifiable curves in $\mathbb{R}^N$ or $l^2$ in terms of a quadratic sum of linear approximation numbers called Jones' beta numbers. The original proof of the Analyst's Traveling Salesman Theorem depends on a well-known metric characterization of rectifiable curves from the 1920s, which is not available for higher-dimensional curves such as Hölder curves. To overcome this obstacle, we reimagine Jones' non-parametric proof and show how to construct parameterizations of the intermediate approximating curves $f_k([0,1])$. We then find conditions in terms of tube approximations that ensure the approximating curves converge to a Hölder curve. As an application, we provide sufficient conditions that guarantee fractional rectifiability of pointwise doubling measures in $\mathbb{R}^N$.
description: 74 pages, 4 figures (v3: corrected Lemma 4.12 and simplified Appendix A, other small improvements, final version)
Ground breaking technologies in the Middle Paleolithic of the Levant: High resolution functional analyses of Ground Stones Tools
Creators: name: TraCEr TraCEr
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 210102 Archaeological Science
subject: FOS: History and archaeology

description: The topic of Ground Stone Tools (GST) is of great interest to understand the evolu�on of human behavior throughout
�me and space. These ar�facts are a tes�mony of the most persistent and durable technological adapta�on in human
evolu�on; their appearance stretches from the earliest evidence of human ac�vity to the present day across a wide
geographic distribu�on.
By defini�on, this group includes any stone item that is primarily manufactured through mechanisms of abrasion, polish,
or impac�on, or itself used to abrade, polish or impact (Adams, 2002).
The GST diachronic and spa�al distribu�ons during the Middle Paleolithic of the Levant (ca. 250-47ka BP) are limited to
mainly open air sites while in caves and rock-shelters they are very rare. The reasons for these distribu�on pa�erns are
unknown. This phenomenon may be due to a research bias related to the difficul�es in the iden�fica�on of these ar�facts,
or can be related to the specific func�on of this material. In order to contribute to this discourse, two main problems
need to be resolved: a) develop analy�cal units via experiment-based actualis�c studies to improve the iden�fica�on of
these materials, and b) understand the specific func�on/s of these materials. In the literature a wide range of possible
uses has been suggested for GST, including the processing of organic materials (e.g. plants and fauna) and also mineral
products (e.g. ochre and bipolar lithic produc�on). The project will test these possibili�es on the MP of the Levant,
analyzing Ground Stones from different open air sites.
In order to address these ques�ons, this project follows a dedicated workflow characterized by 3 main topics: 1) lithic raw
material characteriza�on, 2) controlled experiments, and 3) use-wear analysis. The experimental program will include
different types of GST ac�vi�es using various raw materials in a controlled way. With the help of robo�cs, as many
variables as possible will be controlled; resul�ng in numerical data to facilitate both, the comparison of results and the
replicability of the experiments. Func�onal analysis of the use-wear will combine low and high magnifica�on analyses,
genera�ng 3D data in order to qualita�vely assess and quan�fy different types of use-wear traces.
Labos 1point5 : a collective action to reduce the carbon footprint of research at the scale of France
Creators: name: Berné, Olivier
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Researchers have come to realize that research itself produces a carbon footprint. In the context of a global climate emergency, academia has a role in producing knowledge, teaching, and raising broad- based awareness about the issues - but not at the expense of exacerbating the underlying problems.
 In 2019, the Labos 1point5 project was launched in France to engage the academic community in a transformative path toward reducing carbon emissions in research activities. Today, working across disciplines, over 2000 members of the French academic community - including above 600 actively working in six project teams - are using the latest tools and data to evaluate, understand and decrease the carbon footprint of their own research activities. Since 2019, Labos 1point5 has reached several objectives : • Creating and sharing of the GES 1point5 online open-source tool [1] to estimate carbon footprints at the scale of an entire research lab. Currently, about 200 research labs are completing their carbon footprint estimates with GES 1point5, and about 20 are enrolled in an in-situ experiment to target the most efficient emission-reduction actions. GES 1point5 constitutes a unique database to asses the carbon footprint of research at the scale of a country. • Developing and disseminating a nationwide sociological survey to deepen understanding of the structural and practical issues involved in reducing carbon footprints. Over 7000 answers to the survey have been received so far and scientific analysis has started. • Negotiating with major public research institutions to facilitate access to data related to carbon emissions, and create an official structure (Groupement de recherche Labos 1point5) to support research activities on the subject. In this talk, I present the status of the Labos 1point5 project and its first scientific results, as well as a number of perspectives. [1] Mariette, J., Blanchard, O., Berné, O., & Ari, T. B. (2021). An open-source tool to assess the carbon footprint of research. Submitted to "Environmental Research, Infrastructure and Sustainability" arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.10124.
How Filaments are Woven into the Cosmic Web
Creators: name: Bond, J. Richard
name: Kofman, Lev
name: Pogosyan, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations indicate galaxies are distributed in a filament-dominated web-like structure. Numerical experiments at high and low redshift of viable structure formation theories also show filament-dominance. We present a simple quantitative explanation of why this is so, showing that the final-state web is actually present in embryonic form in the overdensity pattern of the initial fluctuations, with nonlinear dynamics just sharpening the image. The web is largely defined by the position and primordial tidal fields of rare events in the medium, with the strongest filaments between nearby clusters whose tidal tensors are nearly aligned. Applications of the cosmic web theory to observations include probing cluster-cluster bridges by weak gravitational lensing, X-rays, and the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect and probing high redshift galaxy-galaxy bridges by low column density Lyman alpha absorption lines.
description: 9 pages, gzipped uuencoded postscript file, 4 figures in separate files. The text + figures are also available from anonymous ftp site: ftp://ftp.cita.utoronto.ca/ftp/cita/bond/bkp_nature
Phaethon demersus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Phaethontiformes
Phaethontidae
Phaethon
Phaethon demersus

description: Phaethon demersus [spec. nov.]
Ph. alis impennibus, rostro mandibulis edentulis, digito postico distincto.
Penguin. Edw. av. 49. t. 49.
Habitat ad Tropicum capricorni.
Remigibus destituitur, adeoque volatus nescia avis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 135, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Information theoretic framework for stochastic sensitivity and specificity analysis in biochemical networks
Creators: name: Azim, Qurat-Ul-Ain
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Biochemical reaction networks involve many chemical species and are inherently stochastic and complex in nature. Reliable and organised functioning of such systems in varied environments requires that their behaviour is robust with respect to certain parameters while sensitive to other variations, and that they exhibit specific responses to various stimuli. There is a continuous need for improved models and methodologies to unravel the complex behaviour of the dynamics of such systems. In this thesis, we apply ideas from information theory to develop novel methods to study properties of biochemical networks. In the first part of the thesis, a framework for the study of parametric sensitivity in stochastic models of biochemical networks using entropies and mutual information is developed. The concept of noise entropy is introduced and its interplay with parametric sensitivity is studied as the system becomes more stochastic. Using the methodology for gene expression models, it is shown that noise can change the sensitivities of the system at var- ious orders of parameter interaction. An approximate and computationally more efficient way of calculating the sensitivities is also developed using unscented transform. Finally, the methodology is applied to a circadian clock model, illustrating the applicability of the approach to more complex systems. In the second part of the thesis, a novel method for specificity quantification in a receptor-ligand binding system is proposed in terms of mutual information estimates be- tween appropriate stimulus and system response. The maximum specificity of 2 × 2 affinity matrices in a parametric setup is theoretically studied. Parameter optimisation methodology and specificity upper bounds are presented for maximum specificity estimates of a given affinity matrix. The quantification framework is then applied to experimental data from T-Cell signalling. Finally, generalisation of the scheme for stochastic systems is discussed.
Text normalization using memory augmented neural networks
Creators: name: Pramanik, Subhojeet
name: Hussain, Aman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We perform text normalization, i.e. the transformation of words from the written to the spoken form, using a memory augmented neural network. With the addition of dynamic memory access and storage mechanism, we present a neural architecture that will serve as a language-agnostic text normalization system while avoiding the kind of unacceptable errors made by the LSTM-based recurrent neural networks. By successfully reducing the frequency of such mistakes, we show that this novel architecture is indeed a better alternative. Our proposed system requires significantly lesser amounts of data, training time and compute resources. Additionally, we perform data up-sampling, circumventing the data sparsity problem in some semiotic classes, to show that sufficient examples in any particular class can improve the performance of our text normalization system. Although a few occurrences of these errors still remain in certain semiotic classes, we demonstrate that memory augmented networks with meta-learning capabilities can open many doors to a superior text normalization system.
description: 9 pages, 10 tables, 3 figures
The Earliest Phases of Galaxy Evolution
Creators: name: Chiappini, Cristina
name: Matteucci, Francesca
name: Beers, Timothy
name: Nomoto, Ken'ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the very early phases of the evolution of our Galaxy by means of a chemical evolution model which reproduces most of the observational constraints in the solar vicinity and in the disk. We have restricted our analysis to the solar neighborhood and present the predicted abundances of several elements (C, N, O, Mg, Si, S, Ca, Fe) over an extended range of metallicities $[Fe/H] = -4.0$ to $[Fe/H] = 0.0$ compared to previous models. We adopted the most recent yield calculations for massive stars taken from different authors (Woosley & Weaver 1995 and Thielemann et al. 1996) and compared the results with a very large sample of data, one of the largest ever used to this purpose. These data have been analysed with a new and powerful statistical method which allows us to quantify the observational spread in measured elemental abundances and obtain a more meaningful comparison with the predictions from our chemical evolution model. Our analysis shows that the ``plateau'' observed for the [$α$/Fe] ratios at low metallicities ($-3.0< [Fe/H]
description: 32 pages, 9 figures, to be published in ApJ
Improving peri-operative staging in colorectal cancer
Creators: name: Hunter, Christopher James
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The last few decades have seen a dramatic increase in the treatment options for colorectal cancer. These include adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, extended resections, local excision, and deferral of surgery amongst others. These developments are increasing the need for accurate staging of colorectal cancer through imaging; many treatment decisions are now taken before histopathology is available, optimal outcomes are achieved if the first surgical procedure is the definitive procedure, and histopathology results which have determined the need for adjuvant therapy are now frequently affected by neoadjuvant treatment. Assessment of imaging has predominantly judged its accuracy by comparing it to histopathology as a “gold standard”. However, this approach may underestimate the accuracy of imaging due to inaccuracies in histopathological assessment. It may also fail to focus on the adverse risk features which are most reliably identified on imaging. This thesis investigates the role of MRI in improving perioperative staging of both colon and rectal cancer. In a retrospective study of rectal cancer patients undergoing pre-treatment PET/CT and CT, I demonstrated that patients with high-risk features on rectal MRI have an odds ratio of 6 for synchronous metastatic disease compared to those with low-risk features. This suggests that, at least in rectal cancer, MRI is not only accurate when compared to histological staging, but can independently risk stratify patients with systemic disease. The next aim of this thesis was to determine whether it is possible to extend the benefits of local cancer staging with MRI seen in rectal cancer patients to patients with colon cancer. I, therefore, went on to develop a number of MRI sequences in healthy volunteers which allowed good visualisation of the colon. I then applied these to a cohort of colon cancer patients in an attempt to obtain more accurate local staging using 1.5T MRI and 3T than is currently achieved with CT. Overall, I was not able to demonstrate that MRI was significantly more accurate than CT in the local staging of colon cancer, but I was able to obtain a similar accuracy in T staging with 3T MRI (56-76%) to that achieved with CT (66-72%). In the best multiplanar 3T MRI scans, T-staging accuracy was greater than CT (67-79%). In the final part of this thesis, I investigated whether ex-vivo specimen MRI could improve that accuracy of histological staging by helping to select tumour blocks. I hypothesised that part of the “inaccuracy” demonstrated by imaging staging was due to sampling error in the selection of sections for histopathology, and that performing a high-resolution ex-vivo MRI of the specimen might reduce this error by helping to select tumour blocks. I was unable to demonstrate any benefit from this technique.
Your local carbon footprint - what can be done at your institution?
Creators: name: Steinmetz, Matthias
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Astronomy is an energy and emission intensive endeavor. By part the energy needed for our mission is consumed locally. This is in particular the case for cluster computing but it also applies to the heating and cooling of local facilities. Since many astronomy institutions are located in protected areas (environment, cultural heritage), additional challenges arise. I will present some measures and concepts employed at AIP, where we encounter many facets of the aforementioned sustainability challenges: a site protected as UNESCO world heritage, buildings subject to strict preservation orders, and new infrastructures hosting energy intensive lab and compute facilities. Examples include use of renewable energies, partial heating of buildings with the dissipated heat of computers, and increasing energy efficiency of historical buildings
Multi-region segmentation of bladder cancer structures in MRI with progressive dilated convolutional networks
Creators: name: Dolz, Jose
name: Xu, Xiaopan
name: Rony, Jerome
name: Yuan, Jing
name: Liu, Yang
name: Granger, Eric
name: Desrosiers, Christian
name: Zhang, Xi
name: Ayed, Ismail Ben
name: Lu, Hongbing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Precise segmentation of bladder walls and tumor regions is an essential step towards non-invasive identification of tumor stage and grade, which is critical for treatment decision and prognosis of patients with bladder cancer (BC). However, the automatic delineation of bladder walls and tumor in magnetic resonance images (MRI) is a challenging task, due to important bladder shape variations, strong intensity inhomogeneity in urine and very high variability across population, particularly on tumors appearance. To tackle these issues, we propose to use a deep fully convolutional neural network. The proposed network includes dilated convolutions to increase the receptive field without incurring extra cost nor degrading its performance. Furthermore, we introduce progressive dilations in each convolutional block, thereby enabling extensive receptive fields without the need for large dilation rates. The proposed network is evaluated on 3.0T T2-weighted MRI scans from 60 pathologically confirmed patients with BC. Experiments shows the proposed model to achieve high accuracy, with a mean Dice similarity coefficient of 0.98, 0.84 and 0.69 for inner wall, outer wall and tumor region, respectively. These results represent a very good agreement with reference contours and an increase in performance compared to existing methods. In addition, inference times are less than a second for a whole 3D volume, which is between 2-3 orders of magnitude faster than related state-of-the-art methods for this application. We showed that a CNN can yield precise segmentation of bladder walls and tumors in bladder cancer patients on MRI. The whole segmentation process is fully-automatic and yields results in very good agreement with the reference standard, demonstrating the viability of deep learning models for the automatic multi-region segmentation of bladder cancer MRI images.
description: Published at the journal of Medical Physics
title: 'Of other spaces' - An analysis of visual representations of peripheral socio-cultural space in contemporary America. Joel Sternfeld's Hart Island series
Creators: name: Jubin, Michelle
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Art history, art criticism.

description: This thesis proposes to investigate the manner in which the visual representation of socially marginalised or 'hidden' space in contemporary America relates to the spatial theory and power/knowledge discourse in the work of Michel Foucault, and in particular Foucault's paper Des Espaces Autres/Of Other Spaces (1967), This thesis will specifically relate this theoretical base to representations of such 'heterotopias' in Joel Sternfeld's Hart Island (1998) series of photographs. Sternfeld's documentation of Hail: Island provides an opportunity to problematize contemporary photographic critical discourse in relation to Foucault's treatment of space, notions of the mirror-gaze, and the surveillance function. The intangibility of represented space offers the foundation upon which to deconstruct such stigmatized 'real' spaces within the wider socio-cultural canon.
On the nature of the blue giants in NGC 330
Creators: name: Grebel, Eva K.
name: Roberts, Wm James
name: Brandner, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The young SMC cluster NGC 330 contains a number of blue stars that lie above the main-sequence turnoff found from our isochrone fitting and below the position of the blue supergiants. We used our own, new spectroscopy and published data on these stars to investigate their possible nature. Problems in interpreting the evolutionary status of the blue giants have been found in several preceding studies. In theoretical H-R diagrams, these stars lie in the rapidly traversed post main-sequence gap, similar to the unexpected concentration found by Fitzpatrick & Garmany (1990) in the H-R diagram of the LMC. We argue that these stars probably are core H burning main-sequence stars that appear as blue stragglers resulting from binary evolution as described in the simulations of Pols \& Marinus (1994) and effects of rapid rotation. Many of the blue stragglers are Be stars and likely rapid rotators. We suggest that there is evidence for the presence of blue stragglers also in NGC 1818, NGC 2004, and NGC 2100. We point out that blue stragglers may be a general phenomenon in the CMDs of young clusters in the Magellanic Clouds and discuss the implications for IMF and age determinations.
description: Latex with links to 2 postscript figures, uuencoded gzipped tar file. Complete postscript version also available at http://www.astro.uni-wuerzburg.de Accepted for publication in A&A
Can neutrinos from neutron star mergers power gamma-ray bursts?
Creators: name: Janka, H. -Th.
name: Ruffert, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of the coalescence of binary neutron stars. We include the emission and backreaction of gravitational waves into the Newtonian ``Piecewise Parabolic Method''. The use of the physical equation of state of Lattimer & Swesty (1991) allows us to take into account the production of neutrinos. We evaluate our models for the efficiency of neutrino-antineutrino annihilation in the surroundings of the coalescing neutron stars. The corresponding energy deposition prior to and during merging turns out to be 2--3 orders of magnitude too small to power a typical gamma-ray burst with an energy output of about 10^{51}/(4 pi) erg/sterad at cosmological distances. Analytical estimates of the subsequent evolution of the disk which possibly surrounds the central black hole show that even under the most favorable conditions the energy in a fireball of electron-positron pairs and photons that is created by neutrino-antineutrino annihilation falls short by at least an order of magnitude.
description: 5 pages including 3 figures; submitted to A&A Letters
Supercooling and fragile glassiness in a dipolar kagome Ising magnet
Creators: name: Hamp, James
name: Moessner, Roderich
name: Castelnovo, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study equilibration and ordering in the classical dipolar kagome Ising antiferromagnet, which we show behaves as a disorder-free fragile spin glass. By identifying an appropriate order parameter, we demonstrate a transition to the ordered state proposed by Chioar et al. [Phys. Rev. B 93, 214410 (2016)] with a 12-site unit cell that breaks time-reversal and sublattice symmetries, and further provide evidence that the nature of the transition is first order. Upon approaching the transition, the spin dynamics slow dramatically. The system readily falls out of equilibrium, overshooting the transition and entering a supercooled liquid regime. Using extensive Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the system exhibits super-Arrhenius behaviour above the ordering transition. The relaxation time diverges according to a Vogel-Fulcher form at a finite `glass transition' temperature in the supercooled regime. Such behaviour, characteristic of fragile glasses, is particularly remarkable as the model is free of quenched disorder, does not straightforwardly conform to the avoided criticality paradigm, and is simple and eminently realisable in engineered nanomagnetic arrays.
Severe New Limits on the Host Galaxies of Gamma Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Schaefer, Bradley E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) remains a complete mystery, despite the recent breakthrough discovery of low energy counterparts, although it is now generally believed that at least most GRBs are at cosmological distances. Virtually all proposed cosmological models require bursters to reside in ordinary galaxies. This can be tested by looking inside the smallest GRB error boxes to see if ordinary galaxies appear at the expected brightness levels. This letter reports on an analysis of the contents of 26 of the smallest regions, many from the brightest bursts. These events will have $z < 0.4$ and small uncertainties about luminosity functions, K corrections and galaxy evolutions; whereas the recent events with optical transients are much fainter and hence have high redshifts and grave difficulties in interpretation. This analysis strongly rejects the many models with peak luminosities of $10^{57} photons \cdot s^{-1}$ as deduced from the $LogN-LogP$ curve with no evolution. Indeed, the lower limit on acceptable luminosities is $6 \times 10^{58} photons \cdot s^{-1}$. The only possible solution is to either place GRBs at unexpectedly large distances (with $z > 5.9$ for the faint BATSE bursts) or to require bursters to be far outside any normal host galaxy.
description: 17 pages, to be published by ApJL
Carbon fibre laminates with engineered fracture behaviour
Creators: name: Bullegas, Gianmaria
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: A new bio-inspired microstructure design approach was developed to improve the translaminar toughness and damage tolerance of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) structures. The microstructure designs take inspiration from the microstructures of biological composites by adopting the most important toughening mechanisms, and applying them to CFRP laminates. Carefully placed patterns of laser-engraved micro-cuts are inserted in the microstructure of the laminate during the manufacturing process. These micro-cuts change the crack propagation path during translaminar fracture, hence allowing to engineer the fracture behaviour of the composite. The microstructure design approach led to remarkable improvements in the maximum tensile load (up to 189%) and translaminar work of fracture (up to 460%) during Compact Tension test for CFRP laminates with Cross-Ply and Quasi-Isotropic (QI) layups when compared with the corresponding un-modified laminates. Furthermore, a significant improvement in the damage resistance under indentation test was demonstrated for a QI laminate with engineered microstructure. These results demonstrate that microstructure design holds the potential to improve the damage tolerance of CFRP structures in industrially-relevant applications. A semi-analytical Fibre Bundle Model (FBM) was developed to investigate the role of dynamic stress concentrations, and of fracture mechanics-driven failure, on the longitudinal tensile strength of fibre-reinforced composites. In particular, the investigation was focused on the size effect: a decrease in the bundle strength with an increase in the number of fibres. To the knowledge of the author, it is the first attempt in the literature to investigate these two physical mechanisms in a FBM. It was shown that, although the dynamic stress concentrations significantly decrease the predicted bundle strength, do not allow to predict the right trend of the size effect shown by the experimental results. On the contrary, including fracture mechanics-driven failure in the bundle simulation allowed to predict the right trend of the size effects on the bundle strength. These results suggest that fracture mechanics is a physical mechanism which might be necessary to consider to correctly predict the longitudinal tensile strength in large composite bundles.
Effects of the Hubbard interaction on the quantum metric
Creators: name: Sukhachov, Pavlo
name: Aase, Niels Henrik
name: Mæland, Kristian
name: Sudbø, Asle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum geometry provides important information about the structure and topology of quantum states in various forms of quantum matter. The information contained therein has profound effects on observable quantities such as superconducting weight, Drude weight, and optical responses. Motivated by the recent advances in flat-band interacting systems, we investigate the role of interaction effects on the quantum metric. By using the fermionic Creutz ladder as a representative system, we show that the repulsive Hubbard interaction monotonically suppresses the quantum metric. While the eigenstates and their overlap quantifying the quantum metric can be obtained exactly in the presence of interactions through exact diagonalization, this method is limited to small system sizes. Alternatively, two theoretical proposals, the generalized quantum metric and the dressed quantum metric, suggest using renormalized Green's functions to define the interacting quantum metric. By comparing these analytical approaches with results from exact diagonalization, we show that the dressed quantum metric provides a better fit to the exact diagonalization results. Our conclusion holds for both flat-band and dispersive systems.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures; close to the published version
Stability of a relativistic rotating electron-positron jet: nonaxisymmetric perturbations
Creators: name: Istomin, Ya. N.
name: Pariev, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the linear stability of a hydrodynamic relativistic flow of magnetized plasma in the force--free approximation. We considered the case of light cylindrical jet in cold and dense environment, so the jet boundary remains at rest. Continuous and discrete spectra of frequencies are investigated analytically. An infinite sequence of eigenfrequencies is found near the edge of Alfvén continuum. Numerical calculations showed that modes are stable and have attenuation increment $γ$ small. The dispersion curves $ω=ω(k_\parallel )$ have a minimum for $k_{{\parallel}_0}\simeq 1/R$ ($R$ is the jet radius ). This results in accumulation of perturbations inside the jet with wavelength of the order of the jet radius. The wave crests of the perturbation pattern formed in such a way move along the jet with the velocity exceeding light speed. If one has relativistic electrons emitting synchrotron radiation inside the jet, than this pattern will be visible. This provide us with the new type of superluminal source. If the jet is oriented close to the line of sight, than the observer will see knots moving backward to the core.
description: 22 LaTeX pages, standard LaTeX article style, accepted by Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc
Chemical vapour deposition of atomically thin tungsten disulphide
Creators: name: Reale, Francesco
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are van der Waals layered materials that have been known and studied for decades in their bulk form for applications such as solid-state lubricants and catalysts. However, TMDs were largely unexplored in their two-dimensional, atomically thin form. Their unique optical and electrical properties due to their reduced dimensionality started to emerge only in the last decade. In particular, group VI-TMDs (i.e., MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, WSe2) have been recently attracting tremendous attention as emerging post-graphene materials owing to their direct band-gap in the visible range which opens many prospects for diverse optoelectronic devices. Among them, atomically thin tungsten disulphide (WS2) has emerged as unique candidate for future nanotechnologies due to its superior optical, electrical and thermal properties. Any envisioned application of WS2 requires high-quality and large-area material obtainable via a scalable synthesis method. The chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of group VI-TMDs holds promise for the synthesis of high quality monolayered material extended over wafer-size areas. Nevertheless, the CVD growth of high-quality atomically thin WS2 layers requires further development since film continuity and thickness uniformity are normally limited to a few tens of micron-sized areas. The most extensively used CVD method to synthesize WS2 entails co-evaporation of tungsten oxide (WO3) and sulphur (S) powders. This choice of precursors is mainly dictated by their low toxicity compared to halides/organic precursors and effective replacement of O by S. However, due to the high sublimation temperature of WO3, the growth has to be carried out at high temperatures in between 950-1070°C and low pressures. In this work we demonstrate a novel facilitated CVD growth of high-quality atomically thin WS2 by using a novel molecular precursor approach. This strategy involves reagents which are carbon free, volatile and easily decomposable at low temperatures, allowing for the growth of mono- and bi-layered WS2 crystals with lateral sizes of 300µm at temperatures as low as 750°C, and with superior optical and electrical properties than those of naturally occurring materials. The charge carrier mobilities that we report are also higher compared to the ones obtained using innovative synthesis procedures, such as CVD growth on reusable gold substrates or metalorganic CVD on different oxides. Further we demonstrate tunability of the optical and electrical properties of WS2, inducing atomic doping with Indium.
Revisiting Lipid Nanoparticle Composition and Structure: A Critical Take on Simulation Approaches
Creators: name: Trollmann, Marius F. W.
name: Rossetti, Paolo
name: Böckmann, Rainer A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comment to article published in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.: Garaizar, A. et al. 'Toward understanding lipid reorganization in RNA lipid nanoparticles in acidic environments.' Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 121, e2404555121 (2024)
3D numerical cosmological radiative transfer in an inhomogeneous medium
Creators: name: Razoumov, Alexei
name: Scott, Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A numerical scheme is proposed for the solution of the three-dimensional radiative transfer equation with variable optical depth. We show that time-dependent ray tracing is an attractive choice for simulations of astrophysical ionization fronts, particularly when one is interested in covering a wide range of optical depths within a 3D clumpy medium. Our approach combines the explicit advection of radiation variables with the implicit solution of local rate equations given the radiation field at each point. Our scheme is well suited to the solution of problems for which line transfer is not important, and could, in principle, be extended to those situations also. This scheme allows us to calculate the propagation of supersonic ionization fronts into an inhomogeneous medium. The approach can be easily implemented on a single workstation and also should be fully parallelizable.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, uses mn.sty, animated figure available at http://www.astro.ubc.ca/~razoumov/gallery.html