cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Airborne Infection via Evaporating and Sedimenting Droplets Produced by Speaking
Creators: name: Netz, Roland R.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric chemistry
subject: Liquids
subject: Solution chemistry
subject: Evaporation
subject: Sedimentation
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: For estimating the infection risk from virus-containing airborne droplets, it is crucial to consider the interplay of all relevant physical-chemical effects that affect droplet evaporation and sedimentation times. For droplet radii in the range 70 nm < R < 60 μm, evaporation can be described in the stagnant-flow approximation and is diffusion-limited. Analytical equations are presented for the droplet evaporation rate, the time-dependent droplet size, and the sedimentation time, including evaporation cooling and solute osmotic-pressure effects. Evaporation makes the time for initially large droplets to sediment much longer and thus significantly increases the viral air load. Using recent estimates for SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in sputum and droplet production rates while speaking, a single infected person that constantly speaks without a mouth cover produces a total steady-state air load of more than 104 virions at a given time. In a midsize closed room, this leads to a viral inhalation frequency of at least 2.5 per minute. Low relative humidity, as encountered in airliners and inside buildings in the winter, accelerates evaporation and thus keeps initially larger droplets suspended in air. Typical air-exchange rates decrease the viral air load from droplets with an initial radius larger than 20 μm only moderately.
Supersymmetric phases of 4d N=4 SYM at large N
Creators: name: Cabo-Bizet, Alejandro
name: Murthy, Sameer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We find a family of complex saddle-points at large N of the matrix model for the superconformal index of SU(N) N=4 super Yang-Mills theory on $S^3 \times S^1$ with one chemical potential $τ$. The saddle-point configurations are labelled by points $(m,n)$ on the lattice $Λ_τ= \mathbb{Z} τ+\mathbb{Z}$ with $\text{gcd}(m,n)=1$. The eigenvalues at a given saddle are uniformly distributed along a string winding $(m,n)$ times along the $(A,B)$ cycles of the torus $\mathbb{C}/Λ_τ$. The action of the matrix model extended to the torus is closely related to the Bloch-Wigner elliptic dilogarithm, and the related Bloch formula allows us to calculate the action at the saddle-points in terms of real-analytic Eisenstein series. The actions of $(0,1)$ and $(1,0)$ agree with that of pure AdS$_5$ and the supersymmetric AdS$_5$ black hole, respectively. The black hole saddle dominates the canonical ensemble when $τ$ is close to the origin, and there are new saddles that dominate when $τ$ approaches rational points. The extension of the action in terms of modular forms leads to a simple treatment of the Cardy-like limit $τ\to 0$.
description: Version published in JHEP. New section added about contour deformation, and comments added about relations with Bethe-ansatz-type approach
RX J0848+4456: Disentangling a Moderate Redshift Cluster
Creators: name: Holden, B. P.
name: Stanford, S. A.
name: Rosati, P.
name: Squires, G.
name: Tozzi, P.
name: Fosbury, R. A. E.
name: Papovich, C.
name: Eisenhardt, P.
name: Elston, R.
name: Spinrad, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a multi-wavelength study of RX J0848+4456, a cluster of galaxies discovered through X-ray emission in the ROSAT Deep Cluster Survey. Our observations consist of WFPC2 imaging, optical spectra, and X-ray data collected with the Chandra observatory. We find that RX J0848+4456 consists of an X-ray emitting cluster of galaxies at a redshift of z=0.570 and a group at slightly lower redshift, z=0.543, with little X-ray emission. This lower redshift system, however, is a gravitational lens, with the lensed galaxy an unusual AGN or star-forming system at z=3.356. The cluster has an X-ray temperature of kT = 3.6 +/- 0.4 keV, a bolometric luminosity of 1.0e44 +/- 0.3e44 erg/s and a velocity dispersion of 670 +/- 50 km/s. These values all agree with the low redshift correlations for clusters of galaxies, implying a relaxed system with the ICM in equilibrium with the dark matter potential. The lower redshift group of galaxies at z=0.543 has, at most 1/5, more likely 1/10, of the X-ray luminosity of RX J0848+4456. Despite being a gravitational lens, this is a low mass system, with an X-ray temperature of kT = 2.3 +0.5 -0.4 keV and a velocity dispersion of only 430 +/- 20 km/s. Our observations show the importance of detailed studies of clusters of galaxies when using them as probes of cosmological mass functions.
description: 19 pages, AAS LaTeX, 6 figures including two in color. Accepted for publication in the August 2001 Astronomical Journal Minor modifications to match published version
Supplementary Material from Cilia drive developmental plasticity and are essential for efficient prey detection in predatory nematodes
Creators: name: Moreno, Eduardo
name: Lightfoot, James W.
name: Maša Lenuzzi
name: Sommer, Ralf J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Cilia are complex organelles involved in a broad array of functions in eukaryotic organisms. Nematodes employ cilia for environmental sensing, which shapes developmental decisions and influences morphologically plastic traits and adaptive behaviours. Here, we assess the role of cilia in the nematode Pristionchus pacificus, and determine their importance in regulating the developmentally plastic mouth-form decision in addition to predatory feeding and self-recognition behaviours, all of which are not present in Caenorhabditis elegans. An analysis of a multitude of cilia-related mutants including representatives of the six protein subcomplexes required in intraflagellar transport (IFT) plus the regulatory factor X transcription factor daf-19 revealed that cilia are essential for processing the external cues influencing the mouth-form decision and for the efficient detection of prey. Surprisingly, we observed that loss-of-function mutations in the different IFT components resulted in contrasting mouth-form phenotypes and different degrees of predation deficiencies. This observation supports the idea that perturbing different IFT subcomplexes has different effects on signalling downstream of the cilium. Finally, self-recognition was maintained in the cilia deficient mutants tested, indicating that the mechanisms triggering self-recognition in P. pacificus may not require the presence of fully functional cilia.
Nerudia HUBER 2000, NEW GENUS
Creators: name: HUBER, BERNHARD A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2000
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Pholcidae
Nerudia

description: NERUDIA, NEW GENUS
 TYPE SPECIES: Nerudia atacama, new species.
ETYMOLOGY: The generic name honors the Chilean poet and Nobel Prize winner Pablo Neruda. Gender feminine.
DIAGNOSIS: See Diagnosis of single species.
DESCRIPTION: See Description of single species.
 GENERIC RELATIONSHIPS: The genus may be close to several other New World genera of short-legged pholcids with globular opisthosoma, especially with Gertschiola and Kambiwa with which it shares the ventral apophysis on the bulb (figs. 335, 338, 346, 353). Otherwise, however, the genitalia in these genera are quite distinct. The genus is very similar to the Old World genus Ninetis, but differs by the presence of stridulatory files on the male chelicerae.
DISTRIBUTION/COMPOSITION: Only type species, from Atacama, Chile.
description: Published as part of HUBER, BERNHARD A., 2000, New World Pholcid Spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): A Revision At Generic Level, pp. 1-348 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2000 (254) on page 87, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090(2000)254<0001:NWPSAP>2.0.CO;2, http://zenodo.org/record/5350821
The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: A targeted study of catalogued clusters of galaxies
Creators: name: De Propris, Roberto
name: Couch, Warrick
name: Colless, Matthew
name: Dalton, Gavin
name: Collins, Chris
name: Baugh, Carlton
name: Joss-Bland-Hawthorn
name: Bridges, Terry
name: Cannon, Russell
name: Cole, Shaun
name: Cross, Nicholas
name: Deeley, Kathryn
name: Driver, Simon
name: Efstathiou, George
name: Ellis, Richard
name: Frenk, Carlos
name: Glazebrook, Kark
name: Jackson, Carole
name: Lahav, ofer
name: Lewis, Ian
name: Lumsden, Stuart
name: Maddox, Steve
name: Madgwick, Darren
name: Moody, Stephen
name: Norberg, Peder
name: Peacock, John
name: Percival, Will
name: Peterson, Bruce
name: Sutherland, Will
name: Taylor, Keith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have carried out a study of known clusters within the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS) observed areas and have identified 431 Abell, 173 APM and 343 EDCC clusters. Precise redshifts, velocity dispersions and new centroids have been measured for the majority of these objects, and this information has been used to study the completeness of these catalogues, the level of contamination from foreground and background structures along the cluster's line of sight, the space density of the clusters as a function of redshift, and their velocity dispersion distributions. We find that the Abell and EDCC catalogues are contaminated at the level of about 10%, whereas the APM catalogue suffers only 5% contamination. If we use the original catalog centroids, the level of contamination rises to approximately 15% for the Abell and EDCC catalogues, showing that the presence of foreground and background groups may alter the richness of clusters in these catalogues. There is a deficiency of clusters at $z \sim 0.05$ that may correspond to a large underdensity in the Southern hemisphere. From the cumulative distribution of velocity dispersions for these clusters, we derive an upper limit to the space density of $σ> 1000 \kms$ clusters of $3.6 \times 10^{-6} \hdens$. This result is used to constrain models for structure formation; our data favour low-density cosmologies, subject to the usual assumptions concerning the shape and normalization of the power spectrum.
description: 32 pages, 11 figures, full table 1 available on specified web address, full author list, published version, one reference added
Reviewing Uganda’s tourism sector for economic and social upgrading
Creators: name: Mwaura, Francis
name: Ssekitoleko, Solomon
name: Mwaura, Francis
name: Ssekitoleko, Solomon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: GPD
subject: EPRC
subject: Mwaura
subject: GPN
subject: PRODUCTION NETWORKS

description: In tourism the use of sector’s employment opportunities and contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) as a measure of its performance may be deceptive as the sector is prone to foreigners domination and has a lot of ‘leakages’. Global production network (GPN) analysis is becoming popular analytical frameworks for understanding industries like tourism. In this paper, we review literature on global production networks, with a focus on the tourism sector in Uganda. The main objective of the study is to establish information availability and point out existing information gaps in understanding Uganda’s participation in the tourism GPN with respect to economic and social upgrading/downgrading. It was observed that the tourism sector remains an important avenue for economic growth and poverty reduction, and has experienced growth in investment along the value chain, attractiveness and operational complexity. Information gaps were observed on levels of functional integration among tourism actors, impacts of tourism on employment and poverty reduction among gender and social classes and factors that will affect trajectory for social and economic upgrading/downgrading for the tourism actors in Uganda.
Structural Equation Model Averaging: Methodology and Application
Creators: name: Seng, Loraine
name: Jialiang, Li
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The instrumental variable (IV) methods are attractive since they can lead to a consistent answer to the main question in causal modelling, i.e., the estimation of average causal effect of an exposure on the outcome in the presence of unmeasured confounding. However, it is now acknowledged in the literature that using weak IVs might not suit the inference goal satisfactorily. We consider the problem of estimating causal effects in an observational study in this paper, allowing some IVs to be weak. In many modern learning jobs we may face a large number of instruments and their quality could range from poor to strong. To incorporate them in a 2-stage least squares estimation procedure, we consider a model averaging technique. The proposed methods only involve a few layers of least squares estimation with closed-form solutions and thus is easy to implement in practice. Theoretical properties are carefully established, including the consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimated causal parameter. Numerical studies are carried out to assess the performance in low- and high-dimensional settings and comparisons are made between our proposed method and a wide range of existing alternative methods. A real data example on home price is analyzed to illustrate our methodology.
Diffusion of Farm Tractor in India from 1960 to 2012: Patterns and Prospects
Creators: name: Bhattarai, Madhusudan
name: Shekhawat, Ravindra S
name: Joshi, P K
name: Bhattarai, Madhusudan
name: Shekhawat, Ravindra S
name: Joshi, P K
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: International Development
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Adoption and diffusion of Tractors
subject: India
subject: farm mechanization
subject: smallholding agriculture

description: India has one of the largest tractor industry in the world. However, the average tractor use in India is still lower by the world standard, and a huge disparity exists on its uses across states (regions) in the country. With a sharply declining trend in draft animal over the years increased use of farm tractors (and machinery) is inevitable in India now to increase crop productivity, sustain farm households’ income, and rural economic growth. In this context, the objectives of this study are a) to analyze growth pattern of tractor uses across India during the last four decades, then b) to evaluate process, speed of diffusion, and ceiling of diffusion of tractors across various. The study analyze diffusion of four wheel tractors in India using the diffusion study framework of Griliches (1957). This has been done taking data on tractor use across 14 major states of India during the last four decades. The study finds that state-specific ceiling rate and slope of diffusion of tractors hugely vary across the 14 states of India. The empirical analyses show that tractor uses have expanded tremendously in India, specially after liberalization of its economy in early 1990s, and the simultaneous liberalization of the tractor industry polices. At all India level, the ceiling level tractor will be more than double the number of tractors now, and it will be achieved only in late 2050s. This suggest that tractor uses will continue to grow in India even in the coming few decades, with a more widespread adoption across the states and regions of the country.
description: Poster prepared for presentation at AAEA 2016 conference in Boston.
Wearable sensor suite automated assessment of Parkinson’s disease
Creators: name: Angeles, Paolo
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition that affects the normal motor function of the brain. Automated sensor systems are unique sensor modalities that have been combined together for a specific function. In this thesis, an automated sensor system that tracks and records PD motor symptoms in a clinical setting is proposed. The motor symptoms that were targeted for quantification were rigidity, bradykinesia and tremor. The automated sensor system produced here is called the Parkinson’s diagnostic device (PDD) and comprised of a force sensor, motion sensors and muscle activity sensors to measure PD motor symptoms. All accompanying software interfacing libraries and graphical user interfaces developed were described in this thesis as well. The Unified Parkinson’s disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) is currently the gold standard used by clinicians to measure and rate the severity of motor symptoms. As such, during subject testing, the UPDRS score given by the clinician was used as a target to track symptom severity using the PDD. Using supervised learning models, the PDD was able to accurately predict the UPDRS scores on a cohort of 18 subjects with PD with 96.3 % accuracy for elbow rigidity, 100 % accuracy for wrist rigidity, 94.1 % accuracy for bradykinesia, 93.9 % accuracy for kinetic tremor, 90.9 % accuracy for postural tremor and 90.5 % accuracy for rest tremor. The supervised learning models developed were utilised further during deep brain stimulation (DBS) programming sessions. During DBS programming sessions, clinicians can struggle to track which DBS setting minimised the symptoms best. In addition, the UPDRS scale is too low resolution to track any incremental changes from DBS settings. An estimated UPDRS probability model and visualisation was developed to portray the best DBS settings for each subject during a DBS programming session.
Characterizing atomic magnetic gradiometers for fetal magnetocardiography
Creators: name: Sulai, I. A.
name: DeLand, Z. J.
name: Bulatowicz, M. D.
name: Wahl, C. P.
name: Wakai, R. T.
name: Walker, T. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomic magnetometers (AMs) offer many advantages over superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) due to, among other things, having comparable sensitivity while not requiring cryogenics. One of the major limitations of AMs is the challenge of configuring them as gradiometers. We report the development of a spin-exchange relaxation free (SERF) vector atomic magnetic gradiometer with sensitivity of $3\, \rm{fT} \,{cm}^{-1}{Hz}^{-1/2}$ and common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) $> 150$ in the band from DC to 100 Hz. We introduce a background suppression figure of merit for characterizing the performance of gradiometers. It allows for optimally setting the measurement baseline, and for quickly assessing the advantage, if any, of performing a measurement in gradiometric mode. As an application, we consider the problem of fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG) detection in the presence of a large background maternal MCG signal.
Analyzing Subjective Well-Being Data with Misclassification
Creators: name: Oparina, Ekaterina
name: Sorawoot Srisuma
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: We use novel nonparametric techniques to test for the presence of nonclassical measurement error in reported life satisfaction (LS) and study the potential effects from ignoring it. Our dataset comes from Wave 3 of the UK Understanding Society that is surveyed from 35,000 British households. Our test finds evidence of measurement error in reported LS for the entire dataset as well as for 26 out of 32 socioeconomic subgroups in the sample. We estimate the joint distribution of reported and latent LS nonparametrically in order to understand the mis-reporting behavior. We show this distribution can then be used to estimate parametric models of latent LS. We find measurement error bias is not severe enough to distort the main drivers of LS. But there is an important difference that is policy relevant. We find women tend to over-report their latent LS relative to men. This may help explain the gender puzzle that questions why women are reportedly happier than men despite being worse off in objective outcomes such as income and employment.
Observations of microstructure evolution and damage of SAC305 solder alloys during thermal and mechanical loadings
Creators: name: Gu, Tianhong
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Creep of directionally solidified Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu wt.% dog-bone samples with a controlled <110> or <100> fibre texture is investigated under constant load tensile testing (stress level: 17 - 44 MPa) and at a range of temperatures (298 – 473 K). The tensile creep strain rate and the localised strain gradient are studied by two-dimensional optical digital image correlation. A transition of creep mechanisms from climb-controlled dislocation creep to lattice-limited diffusion creep is found beyond ~ T/T_M = 0.7 to 0.74 which changes depending on microstructure length-scale. The dominating creep mechanisms explored using electron backscatter diffraction, which enables the understanding of the heterogeneity in microstructural evolution at different strain levels, temperatures and strain rates. This heterogeneity is associated with grain boundaries and two distinct microstructural regions, i.e. the -Sn in dendrites and eutectic containing Ag3Sn and Cu6Sn5. Formation of subgrains and recrystallisation are observed with increasing strain levels, and these correlate with local lattice rotation. Tensile deformation of grains with [100] along the loading direction deform less than grains oriented with [110] along the loading direction. For [110] grains, the (11 ̅0)[001] slip system activates. For [100] grains, the (110)[11 ̅1]/2 and (11 ̅0)[1 ̅1 ̅1]/2 slip systems activate. The heterogeneous evolution of microstructure for a single Cu/SAC305/Cu solder joint is investigated using in-situ thermal cycling. Local deformation due to thermal mismatch results in heterogeneous lattice rotation, localised towards the corners of the Cu metal substrate and decreases towards the centre of the solder joint. This deformation is induced due to the constraint from the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between the β-Sn, Cu6Sn5 and Cu at the interface. Formation of subgrains with continuous increase in misorientation is revealed during deformation, implying that the accumulation of plastic slip at the strain-localised regions play a significant role in grain recrystallisation and crack nucleation which likely leads to joint failure.
Xanthidae MacLeay 1838
Creators: name: Wicksten, Mary K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Xanthidae

description: Key to Species of family Xanthidae   1. Carapace, chelipeds with prominent rounded tubercles........................................ Paraxanthias taylori
– Carapace, chelipeds without prominent rounded tubercles...................................................... 2
 2. Width of fronto-orbital border less than half of greatest width of carapace. Anterolateral margin of carapace with 8–10 teeth. Carapace broadly oval......................................................... Cycloxanthops novemdentatus
 – Width of fronto-orbital border half or more of greatest width of carapace. Anterolateral margin of carapace with fewer than 8 teeth. Carapace not broadly oval....................................................... Micropanope latimanus
description: Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 242
Value-Determining Physical Properties and Characteristics of Domestic Wools
Creators: name: Pohle, E. M.
name: Johnston, D. D.
name: Keller, H. R.
name: Mueller, W. A.
name: Ray, H. D.
name: Reals, H. C.
name: Pohle, E. M.
name: Johnston, D. D.
name: Keller, H. R.
name: Mueller, W. A.
name: Ray, H. D.
name: Reals, H. C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1958
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpt from the report Summary: This study was made for the purpose of determining the accuracy of visual appraisals for wool grades, for clean wool yield, and for staple length. Its purpose was also to test the accuracy of sampling and testing methods used to estimate grade and yield. To accomplish these aims, visual appraisals of grade and yield, made by Government appraisers and a committee of trade representatives, were compared with the actual wool top resulting from the processing of the grease wool appraised.
Analyzing Subjective Well-Being Data with Misclassification*
Creators: name: Oparina, Ekaterina
name: Sorawoot Srisuma
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: We use novel nonparametric techniques to test for the presence of non-classical measurement error in reported life satisfaction (LS) and study the potential effects from ignoring it. Our dataset comes from Wave 3 of UK Understanding Society that is surveyed from 35,000 British households. Our test finds evidence of measurement error in reported LS for the entire dataset as well as for 26 out of 32 socioeconomic subgroups in the sample. We estimate the joint distribution of reported and latent LS nonparametrically in order to understand the mis-reporting behavior. We show this distribution can then be used to estimate parametric models of latent LS. We find measurement error bias is not severe enough to distort the main drivers of LS. But there is an important difference that is policy relevant. We find women tend to over-report their latent LS relative to men. This may help explain the gender puzzle that questions why women are reportedly happier than men despite being worse off on objective outcomes such as income and employment.
Fate of NH3 in a stoker boiler operated under secondary low-NOx emission mode
Creators: name: Przemysław Garbacz
name: Izabella Maj
name: Sobieraj, Jakub
name: Wejkowski, Robert
name: Kalisz, Sylwester
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 90405 Non-automotive Combustion and Fuel Engineering (incl. Alternative/Renewable Fuels)
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: ISCP2019
Evolution of Planetary Nebulae I. An improved synthetic model
Creators: name: Marigo, P.
name: Girardi, L.
name: Groenewegen, M. A. T.
name: Weiss, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new synthetic model to follow the evolution of a planetary nebula (PN) and its central star, starting from the onset of AGB phase up to the white dwarf cooling sequence. The model suitably combines various analytical prescriptions to account for different (but inter-related) aspects of planetary nebulae, such as: the dynamical evolution of the primary shell and surrounding ejecta, the photoionisation of H and He by the central star, the nebular emission of a few relevant optical lines (e.g. Hbeta; HeII4686; [OIII]5007). Predictions of the synthetic model are tested by comparison with both findings of hydrodynamical calculations, and observations of Galactic PNe. The sensitiveness of the results to the models parameters (e.g. transition time, mass of the central star, H-/He-burning tracks, etc.) is also discussed. We briefly illustrate the systematic differences that are expected in the luminosities and lifetimes of PNe with either H- or He-burning central stars, which result in different ``detection probabilities'' across the H-R diagram, in both Hbeta and [OIII]5007 lines. Adopting reasonable values of the model parameters, we are able to reproduce, in a satisfactory way, many general properties of PNe, like the ionised mass--nebular radius relationship, the trends of a few main nebular line ratios, and the observed ranges of nebular shell thicknesses, electron densities, and expansion velocities. The models naturally predict also the possible transitions from optically-thick to optically-thin configurations (and vice versa). In this context, the origin of the Zanstra discrepancy is also analysed. (abridged)
description: 28 pages, 23 postscript figures, to appear in A&A
The Southern Dwarf Hunt: Local Group Dwarf Candidates in the Southern Sky
Creators: name: Whiting, Alan B.
name: Hau, G. K. T.
name: Irwin, Mike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations of 82 Local Group dwarf galaxy candidates, of which 62 were chosen visually from ESO-SRC survey plates of the southern sky (32 of which were not previously catalogued) and the rest suggested by various sources in the literature. Two are the Local Group galaxies Antlia and Cetus; nine are more distant galaxies, though still within a few megaparsecs; 45 are background galaxies; seven are planetary (or other emission) nebulae; 15 are reflection or other Galactic nebulae; two are galaxy clusters; one is a Galactic star cluster and one is a misidentified star. We conclude that there is no large population of faint Local Group dwarf galaxies of any familiar type awaiting discovery. We point out the danger of relying on a single type of data to reach conclusions about an object.
description: 33 pages, 84 images (low-resolution here), accepted for publication in ApJ Supplemnt, July 2002
Homemakers' Use of and Opinions about Peanuts and Tree Nuts
Creators: name: Weidenhamer, Margaret
name: Weidenhamer, Margaret
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1957
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpts from the report: This report deals with homemakers ' use of and opinions about peanuts, tree nuts, peanut butter, and candy containing nuts. The study was designed to help producers, manufacturers, and distributors understand this market and to aid those concerned with efforts to increase consumption of these products. The questionnaire used in this study had been carefully tested to assure that the questions were understandable to respondents and would elicit useful information. Three kinds of products were covered in detail—peanuts (salted and roasted), certain tree nuts, and peanut butter. Homemakers were asked about their patterns of use, purchasing practices, and opinions with respect to these products. A few questions were also included about use of and preferences for candy containing nuts.
Additional file 1 of Comparing characteristics and perspectives of U.S. anesthesiology fellows in training and anesthesiologists in their first year of practice
Creators: name: Toutkoushian, Emily
name: Chen, Dandan
name: Sun, Huaping
name: Warner, David O.
name: Macario, Alex
name: Deiner, Stacie G.
name: Keegan, Mark T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1: Supplementary Table A
Supplementary material from Complete loss of the MHC II pathway in an anglerfish, Lophius piscatorius
Creators: name: Dubin, Arseny
name: Jørgensen, Tor Erik
name: Moum, Truls
name: Johansen, Steinar Daae
name: Jakt, Lars Martin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: It is the main ESM document.
School of Thought: The Role of Formal Education in Shifting Opinions of Female Genital Cutting in Burkina Faso
Creators: name: Novak, Lindsey
name: Novak, Lindsey
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: International Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Female Genital Cutting
subject: Female Genital Mutilation
subject: Sexual and Reproductive Health
subject: West Africa
subject: Education

description: Gender-biased harmful practices are prevalent across many parts of the world. Once these practices have become part of the cultural landscape, they are very difficult to alter without external stimuli. Whether those stimuli can be targeted toward individuals or they must be targeted toward the community as a whole is heavily debated. I study the effect of an individual-level intervention on the perceptions of an entrenched, gender-biased, cultural practice. Specifically, I study the effect of education on the perpetuation of female genital cutting (FGC) in Burkina Faso. Using a pseudo panel of 36,000 women born between 1949 and 1995, I find that educated women are 30 percent more likely to oppose the practice than uneducated women. Additionally, women who support the practice are more than twice as likely to have a daughter who has undergone FGC, and I find suggestive evidence that education raises a woman’s bargaining power in the household. Together, my findings suggest that an individual-level intervention could reduce the prevalence of an entrenched cultural practice in the subsequent generations.
On the Escape of Ionizing Radiation from Starbursts
Creators: name: Heckman, T.
name: Sembach, K. R.
name: Meurer, G.
name: Leitherer, C.
name: Calzetti, D.
name: Martin, C. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Far-ultraviolet spectra obtained with $FUSE$ show that the strong $CIIλ$1036 interstellar absorption-line is essentially black in five of the UV-brightest local starburst galaxies. Since the opacity of the neutral ISM below the Lyman-edge will be significantly larger than in the $CII$ line, these data provide strong constraints on the escape of ionizing radiation from these starbursts. Interpreted as a a uniform absorbing slab, the implied optical depth at the Lyman edge is huge ($τ_0 \geq 10^2$). Alternatively, the areal covering factor of opaque material is typically $\geq$ 94%. Thus, the fraction of ionizing stellar photons that escape the ISM of each galaxy is small: our conservative estimates typically yield $f_{esc} \leq 6%$. Inclusion of extinction due to dust will further decrease $f_{esc}$. An analogous analysis of the rest-UV spectrum of the star-forming galaxy $MS 1512-CB58$ at $z$ =2.7 leads to similar constraints on $f_{esc}$. These new results agree with the constraints provided by direct observations below the Lyman edge in a few other local starbursts. However, they differ from the recently reported properties of star-forming galaxies at $z \geq$ 3. We assess the idea that the strong galactic winds seen in many powerful starbursts clear channels through their neutral ISM. We show empirically that such outflows may be a necessary - but not sufficient - part of the process for creating a relatively porous ISM. We note that observations will soon document the cosmic evolution in the contribution of star-forming galaxies to the metagalactic ionizing background, with important implications for the evolution of the IGM.
description: 17 pages; ApJ, in press
Pinnotheridae de Haan 1833
Creators: name: Wicksten, Mary K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Pinnotheridae

description: Family Pinnotheridae de Haan, 1833  The pea crabs generally are commensals of larger invertebrates, including polychaete and echiuroid worms, pelecypods, large chitons, keyhole limpets, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and ascidians. The species generally associate with only one general type of host: those that live with polychaetes usually do not associate with mollusks and vice versa, for example. The associations do not seem to be species-specific.
 Pinnotherids have a rounded to rectangular carapace, often wider than long. Usually, the carapace is soft. Most pinnotherids are colored whitish to yellowish, but some, such as Opisthopus transversus Rathbun, 1893; may have a spotted carapace and banded legs. The front, eye and orbits may be reduced. The antennules fold transversely.
Sexual dimorphism is pronounced in certain pinnotherids, with males being smaller and having a less inflated body than the females. In others, the chelae of the male are sturdier than those of the female. Pereopods 2–5 may differ in size and shape from anterior to posterior. The dactyls of pereopods 2–5 may be modified for crawling, grasping, or gripping the surface of a host.
 Members of the family Pinnotheridae lately have undergone taxonomic revision. The generic placement of tropical species has been revised; males and females of sexually dimorphic groups have been matched so that some names applied only to one sex have been put into synonymy. For references prior to 1970, the account by Schmitt et al. (1973) remains valuable. The key given here follows the work of Davidson (1968) and Zmarzly (1992). Zmarzly's study of species of Pinnixa should be consulted for additional anatomical details and illustrations. A key by Campos-Gonzalez (2007) to the intertidal pinnotherids of central California to Oregon includes new drawings and valuable information. That key includes several species, such as Parapinnixa affinis Holmes, 1900; that have not been reported north of Point Conception.
 Pinnotheres holmesi Rathbun, 1918 and Pinnotheres nudus Holmes, 1895 (part) seem to be synonyms of the Atlantic oyster crab Zaops geddesi (Miers, 1880). This crab may have been introduced with the oyster Crassostrea virginica in the early twentieth century but has not been reported in the area since then. Pinnotheres nudus as originally described, however, may be a synonym of Opisthopus transversus.
description: Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 245
A study on consumer characteristics of processed rice and meat products on food-related lifestyles using beta regression model
Creators: name: Jin Hyeung, Kim
name: Sung Ho, Park
name: Young Chan, Choe
name: Jin Hyeung, Kim
name: Sung Ho, Park
name: Young Chan, Choe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: processed rice products
subject: processed meat products
subject: food-related-lifestyle
subject: beta regression model

description: This study compares consumer characteristics of processed rice and meat products on food-related lifestyles. As the social environment changes and household income improves, the trend of diet change and single-person households is diversifying the food consumption patterns of consumers. The food industry and production technology has developed and the consumption of processed or convenience food is increasing. The existing studies are mostly related to the riskiness and disease-causing factors of processed food. In the Asian markets such as Korea and Japan and the North American and European markets, the processed rice industry is rapidly developing. In this study, we analyze the purchasing characteristics of processed rice consumption as compared to processed meat products. We used consumer panel purchase data of 703 housewives in South Korea from the Rural Development Administration. The data includes household purchasing scanner panel data for the year 2014 and questionnaires related to food-related lifestyle. We used confirmatory factor analysis and the beta regression model to identify processed food consumer characteristics. The purchase rate of processed food over the total amount has a range from ‘0’ to ‘1’. To correct for heteroscedasticity and statistical errors in the dependent variable, we use the beta regression model for the rate from ‘0’ to ‘1’. . The social democratic variables such as age and number of family members from the beta regression have a negative relationship and the eating out purchase amount has a positive relationship with both processed rice and meat products (p <0.05). The food-related lifestyles variables of the price criteria for quality and the cost performance for ways of shopping and eating out in a consumption situation increased the rate of purchasing processed meat. However, health quality decreased the consumption rate of processed meat (p <0.05). In the case of processed rice, the propensity to seek a cooking method increased the rate of purchasing processed rice (p <0.05), and the price criteria for ways to shop and propensity to cook with a plan decreased the rate of purchasing amount (p <0.05). According to the results, consumers who purchase a high proportion of processed meat usually consider more price information and consume relatively less healthy products. However, consumers of processed rice tend to purchasing for a new cooking method and consider less a price criteria and cooking plan for consumption.
Risk prediction scores for mortality, cerebrovascular, and heart disease among Chinese people with type 2 diabetes - Supplementary Information
Creators: name: Jianchao Quan
name: Deanette Pang
name: Li, Tom K.
name: Cheung Hei Choi
name: Shing Chung Siu
name: Tang, Simon Y.
name: Wat, Nelson M.
name: Woo, Jean
name: Lau, Zheng Yi
name: Tan, Kelvin Bryan
name: Leung, Gabriel M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplementary Information
Who are the CSA Consumers and how to Promote CSA to more Consumers?
Creators: name: Vassalos, Michael
name: Gao, Zhifeng
name: Zhang, Lisha
name: Vassalos, Michael
name: Gao, Zhifeng
name: Zhang, Lisha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Community supported agriculture (CSA)
subject: direct marketing
subject: local foods

description: Data from a national online survey, in conjunction with a probit and an ordered probit formulations are utilized to investigate the impact of: i) demographic characteristics, ii) lifestyle preferences, and iii) different information outlets, on the probability that a consumer is a CSA member, or, considers joining a CSA arrangement. The results indicate that while demographic characteristics do not affect the probability that a consumer is currently a CSA member, they have a statistically significant impact on the probability that a responder will join a CSA arrangement in the future. Lifestyle preferences had a statistically significant impact on both the probability that: i) a consumer is currently a CSA member and/or ii) is considering to join a CSA in the future. From the information outlets examined only word of mouth and online sources influence the probability that a consumer will join a CSA in the future. These findings may have important implications regarding the marketing strategies employed by CSA farm managers
Interaction induced phase fluctuations in a guided atom laser
Creators: name: Bouchoule, Isabelle
name: Moelmer, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we determine the magnitude of phase fluctuations caused by atom-atom interaction in a one-dimensional beam of bosonic atoms. We imagine that the beam is created with a large coherence length, and that interactions only act in a specific section of the beam, where the atomic density is high enough to validate a Bogoliubov treatment. The magnitude and coherence length of the ensuing phase fluctuations in the beam after the interaction zone are determined.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
No remnants of nasolacrimal ducts in any Desmognathini salamanders indicates loss early in their evolutionary history
Creators: name: Long, Cody L.
name: Taylor, Michael S.
name: Waltz, James T.
name: Trauth, Stanley E.
name: Itgen, Michael W.
name: Siegel, Dustin S.
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60299 Ecology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Previous studies demonstrated that nasolacrimal ducts were present in the ancestral plethodontid lineage. Two lineages within Plethodontidae contain individuals that do not possess nasolacrimal ducts: Desmognathus and Eurycea. Earlier works examined only two species of Desmognathus, D. fuscus and D. monticola. We obtained every Desmognathini (Phaeognathus + Desmognathus) species possible from novel collections and museum collections and assessed presence or absence of nasolacrimal ducts using contrast-enhanced computed tomography and routine histological procedures. The goal was to test the hypothesis that nasolacrimal ducts were lost on the evolutionary branch leading to Desmognathus. We rejected our hypothesis by finding that nasolacrimal ducts were absent in all Desmognathus that we examined and Phaeognathus hubrichti; thus, we recovered the absence of nasolacrimal ducts on the evolutionary branch leading to Desmognathini.
III-nitride on silicon electrically injected microrings for nanophotonic circuits
Creators: name: Tabataba-Vakili, Farsane
name: Rennesson, Stéphanie
name: Damilano, Benjamin
name: Frayssinet, Eric
name: Duboz, Jean-Yves
name: Semond, Fabrice
name: Roland, Iannis
name: Paulillo, Bruno
name: Colombelli, Raffaele
name: Kurdi, Moustafa El
name: Checoury, Xavier
name: Sauvage, Sébastien
name: Doyennette, Laetitia
name: Brimont, Christelle
name: Guillet, Thierry
name: Gayral, Bruno
name: Boucaud, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanophotonic circuits using group III-nitrides on silicon are still lacking one key component: efficient electrical injection. In this paper we demonstrate an electrical injection scheme using a metal microbridge contact in thin III-nitride on silicon mushroom-type microrings that is compatible with integrated nanophotonic circuits with the goal of achieving electrically injected lasing. Using a central buried n-contact to bypass the insulating buffer layers, we are able to underetch the microring, which is essential for maintaining vertical confinement in a thin disk. We demonstrate direct current room-temperature electroluminescence with 440 mW/cm$^2$ output power density at 20 mA from such microrings with diameters of 30 to 50 $μ$m. The first steps towards achieving an integrated photonic circuit are demonstrated.
Appendix S1-S3, S5-S9 from Bark coverage shifts assembly processes of microbial decomposer communities in dead wood
Creators: name: Hagge, Jonas
name: Bässler, Claus
name: Gruppe, Axel
name: Hoppe, Björn
name: Kellner, Harald
name: Franz-Sebastian Krah
name: Müller, Jörg
name: Seibold, Sebastian
name: Stengel, Elisa
name: Thorn, Simon
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Primers, PCR protocol, phylogenetic trees and supporting analyses
Additional file 5 of Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of LBD transcription factor genes in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)
Creators: name: Huang, Bin
name: Huang, Zhinuo
name: Ma, Ruifang
name: Ramakrishnan, Muthusamy
name: Chen, Jialu
name: Zhang, Zhijun
name: Yrjälä, Kim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5: Supplemental Fig. 5. GO analysis of potential PeLBD target genes.