cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dissociation of the benzene molecule by UV and soft X-rays in circumstellar environment
Creators: name: Boechat-Roberty, H. M.
name: Neves, R.
name: Pilling, S.
name: Lago, A. F.
name: de Souza, G. G. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Benzene molecules, present in the proto-planetary nebula CRL 618, are ionized and dissociated by UV and X-ray photons originated from the hot central star and by its fast wind. Ionic species and free radicals produced by these processes can lead to the formation of new organic molecules. The aim of this work is to study the photoionization and photodissociation processes of the benzene molecule, using synchrotron radiation and time of flight mass spectrometry. Mass spectra were recorded at different energies corresponding to the vacuum ultraviolet (21.21 eV) and soft X-ray (282-310 eV) spectral regions. The production of ions from the benzene dissociative photoionization is here quantified, indicating that C6H6 is more efficiently fragmented by soft X-ray than UV radiation, where 50% of the ionized benzene molecules survive to UV dissociation while only about 4% resist to X-rays. Partial ion yields of H+ and small hydrocarbons such as C2H2+, C3H3+ and C4H2+ are determined as a function of photon energy. Absolute photoionization and dissociative photoionization cross sections have also been determined. From these values, half-life of benzene molecule due to UV and X-ray photon fluxes in CRL 618 were obtained.
description: The paper contains 8 pages, 9 figures and 4 tables. Accepted to be published on MNRAS on 2008 November 26
Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccinations against mortality and severe complications after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 infection: a case–control study
Creators: name: Yan, Vincent Ka Chun
name: Wan, Eric Yuk Fai
name: Ye, Xuxiao
name: Mok, Anna Hoi Ying
name: Lai, Francisco Tsz Tsun
name: Chui, Celine Sze Ling
name: Li, Xue
name: Wong, Carlos King Ho
name: Li, Philip Hei
name: Ma, Tiantian
name: Qin, Simon
name: Wong, Vincent Kai Chung
name: Tsang, Tat Chi
name: Tsui, Sik Hon
name: Chui, William Chun Ming
name: Cowling, Benjamin John
name: Leung, Gabriel Matthew
name: Lau, Chak Sing
name: Wong, Ian Chi Kei
name: Chan, Esther Wai Yin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Data regarding protection against mortality and severe complications after Omicron BA.2 infection with CoronaVac and BNT162b2 vaccines remains limited. We conducted a case–control study to evaluate the risk of severe complications and mortality following 1–3 doses of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 using electronic health records database. Cases were adults with their first COVID-19-related mortality or severe complications between 1 January and 31 March 2022, matched with up-to 10 controls by age, sex, index date, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19-related mortality and severe complications by type and number of doses was estimated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for comorbidities and medications. Vaccine effectiveness (95% CI) against COVID-19-related mortality after two doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac were 90.7% (88.6–92.3) and 74.8% (72.5–76.9) in those aged ≥65, 87.6% (81.4–91.8) and 80.7% (72.8–86.3) in those aged 50–64, 86.6% (71.0–93.8) and 82.7% (56.5–93.1) in those aged 18–50. Vaccine effectiveness against severe complications after two doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac were 82.1% (74.6–87.3) and 58.9% (50.3–66.1) in those aged ≥65, 83.0% (69.6–90.5) and 67.1% (47.1–79.6) in those aged 50–64, 78.3% (60.8–88.0) and 77.8% (49.6–90.2) in those aged 18–50. Further risk reduction with the third dose was observed especially in those aged ≥65 years, with vaccine effectiveness of 98.0% (96.5–98.9) for BNT162b2 and 95.5% (93.7–96.8) for CoronaVac against mortality, 90.8% (83.4–94.9) and 88.0% (80.8–92.5) against severe complications. Both CoronaVac and BNT162b2 vaccination were effective against COVID-19-related mortality and severe complications amidst the Omicron BA.2 pandemic, and risks decreased further with the third dose.
New Licensing Models for Online Music Services in the European Union
Creators: name: Mazziotti, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2011

description: A few years after the enactment and the implementation in the Member States of the European Union of the most comprehensive directive for the harmonization of national copyright laws in the so-called “Information Society”, the European Commission started reviewing how copyright and related rights were being commercially exploited in the digital environment. Unsurprisingly, in 2005 the Commission eventually realized that copyright management gave rise to licensing practices that segmented the so-called “Internal Market” on a strictly in-territorial basis, in spite of the borderless nature of Webbased environments. From then onwards, the Commission has been in search of solutions to tackle economic inefficiencies stemming from territorial restrictions in copyright management and to eventually boost the growth of legitimate online content services, starting with music services.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 34 No. 4 (2011)
Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz for the AdS_5 x S^5 Mirror Model
Creators: name: Arutyunov, Gleb
name: Frolov, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the string hypothesis for the mirror theory to derive the Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz equations for the AdS_5 x S^5 mirror model. We further demonstrate how these equations can be used to construct the associated Y-system recently discussed in the literature, putting particular emphasis on the assumptions and the range of validity of the corresponding construction.
description: 31 pages, LaTex, v2: references added, v3: published version
Overarching trends and recommendations in language training and education frameworks: Key findings and recommendations
Creators: name: Meer, Nasar
name: Peace, Timothy
name: Hill, Emma
name: Angeli, Maria
name: Di Maio, Claudio
name: Loprieno, Donatella
name: Elia, Anna
name: Fedele, Valentina
name: Righard, Erica
name: Emilsson, Henrik
name: Gudrun Jensen, Tina
name: Villegas, Leslie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: migration, governance, refugees, asylum seekers, migrants, integration

description: This policy brief will provide an overview of cross-cutting trends in language training and education for adult asylum seekers and refugees across the localities of Malmö and Eslöv (Sweden), Cosenza and Catanzaro (Italy), Nicosia (Cyprus) and Aberdeenshire, Argyll and Bute, and Glasgow (Scotland). Specifically, this brief will discuss key issues that have consistently been identified as contributing factors to programme completion and language acquisition. This brief will organise these crosscutting trends into three overarching categories that ultimately influence educational access, provision and quality of language training for migrants: 1) individual factors; 2) education system/programme factors; and 3) policy and programme governance factors. Key policy recommendations correspond with each thematic category. GLIMER is informed by a combination of rigorous policy analysis, qualitative research with multi-party stakeholders and secondary analysis. This policy brief is reliant on policy documents, statistics and evaluations together with interviews with stakeholders from national, regional and local authorities and the third sector collected in 2019 in all four countries. In Sweden, GLIMER members worked across the region of Skåne and the municipalities of Malmö and Eslöv, two municipalities in a close geographic distance and part of the Öresund region that connects Sweden to Denmark and continental Europe. In Italy, researchers worked in different locations covering the territory of Calabria, focusing on two main cities (Cosenza, Catanzaro) and on places with a high density of non-Italian residents (Lamezia Terme). In Cyprus, work consisted of ethnographic fieldwork and in-depth semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from devolved and local government, as well as the third sector. Lastly, in Scotland consortium members worked across several locations that included both the site of Dispersal – Glasgow – as well as areas involved in the Vulnerable Person’s Resettlement Scheme (VPRS) – Aberdeenshire and Argyll and Bute. This policy brief does not represent an exhaustive depiction of each country’s findings. To access each country’s full report, please visit: http://www.glimer.eu/outputs/.
Typhlops praelongus Müller, 1885, n. sp.
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Squamata
Ophidia
Typhlopidae
Typhlops

description: * Typhlops (praelongus n. sp.?).
Cordova (Mex.) v. F M. [1]
Diese Art steht dem T. perditus Peters sehr nube und unterscheidet sich von ihm wesentlich nur durch jede Abwesenheit einer Spur von Auge.
Körper sehr lang, schlank, cylindriseh, in der Hinterhälfte etwas dicker. —— Rostrale zungenförmig, am untern Teil schmaler als auf dem Kopf, aber nicht so tief eingeschnitten wie bei T. perditus. Die Seiten des auf den Kopf ühergeschlagenen Teils convex. Na.- sale diagonal (lurclıgespalteıı, am Maul doppelt so breit als das rostrale. Praeoculare höher als breit, dem oculare gleichgestellt und ebenso gross. Oculare mit reehtem Winkel zwischen labiale III und IV eingreifend. -— Labialia 4, das erste klein, das zweite etwas grösser, das dritte und vierte gleieh gross, doppelt so gross als das erste. Keine besondern Kronschuppen. — Körperselıuppeu in der Mitte in 18 Längsreihen. Querreihen 386 bis zum After, 10 am Schwanz. ——- Totallänge 385 mm., Sehwarızlänge 5 mnı.; Körperdurehmesser in der Mitte 6 mm., in der Gesammtlänge 64 mal enthalten. - 7 - 9 Sehuppenreilıen der Oberseite hellbraun geﬂeekt, die Flecke auf den hintern 3/4 der Schuppen und bis zum Hinterrand reiehend. Schnauzenspitze, Schwanzende, Flanken und Unterseite gelb.
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on pages 674-675, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
Peer-to-Peer File Sharing and Copyright
Creators: name: Dusollier, Séverine
name: Colin, Caroline
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2011

description: Whether originating from copyright scholarship or from legislative discussion, proposals to authorize the transfer of copyrighted works through peer-to-peer (“P2P”) networks have been abundant in the last ten years as an alternative to seemingly difficult to enforce and unsuccessful repression-based solutions. As Neil Netanel described it: P2P controversy is a story of the copyright industries’ increasingly brazen— some say desperate—attempts to shut down P2P file-swapping networks, disable P2P technology and shift the costs of control onto third parties, including telecommunications companies, consumer electronics manufacturers, corporate employers, universities, new media entrepreneurs and the taxpayers.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 34 No. 4 (2011)
Additional file 10 of A clinically feasible circulating tumor cell sorting system for monitoring the progression of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Creators: name: Huang, Xiu-Yan
name: Li, Feng
name: Li, Ting-Ting
name: Zhang, Jun-Tao
name: Shi, Xiang-Jun
name: Huang, Xin-Yu
name: Zhou, Jian
name: Tang, Zhao-You
name: Huang, Zi-Li
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 10: Table S2. Comparisons among different CTC enrichment techniques
The Moderate Cooling Flow Model and Feedback in Galaxy Formation
Creators: name: Soker, Noam
name: Sternberg, Assaf
name: Pizzolato, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the recent four years we have been studying feedback heating in cooling flow (CF) clusters by AGN activity that inflate bubbles by jets; this short contribution to a meeting summarizes our main results. To achieve our results we had to self-consistently inflate the bubbles with jets, rather than inject them artificially. Our main results are as follows (1) Feedback mechanisms that are based on Bondi accretion fail. Instead, the accretion to the central super-massive black hole (SMBH) is in the form of cold dense blobs that fall-in from an extended region. (2) Slow massive wide (SMW) jets, or rapidly precessing jets, can inflate bubbles similar to those observed in CF clusters. (3) Contrary to some claims in the literature, the inflated bubbles are stable for a relatively long time, becoming unstable only at later times. (4) A single bubble inflation episode excites multiple sound waves and shocks. These can then heat the intracluster medium (ICM). (5) Mixing of the bubble material to the ICM is efficient, and can serve as a main heating channel. (6) The heating processes work in all directions, and can explain the heating of the ICM in CF in clusters and in galaxies.
description: To appear in proceedings of "The Monster's Fiery Breath", Eds. Sebastian Heinz & Eric Wilcots (AIP conference series)
A Digital Public Library of America?: Collective Management’s Implications for Privacy, Private Use and Fair Use
Creators: name: Palfrey, John
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2011

description: The purpose of this essay is to examine collective licensing operations, with particular emphasis on some of the consequences for privacy, private use and fair use. I examine these issues in the context of a specific idea that might draw, at least in part, on a collective management approach: an emergent proposal to create a Digital Public Library of America (“DPLA”), which I think is an important undertaking.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 34 No. 4 (2011)
Pseudoholomorphic punctured spheres in R x (S^1 x S^2) : Properties and existence
Creators: name: Taubes, Clifford Henry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D30, 53C15, 53D05, 57R17

description: This is the first of at least two articles that describe the moduli spaces of pseudoholomorphic, multiply punctured spheres in R x (S^1 x S^2) as defined by a certain natural pair of almost complex structure and symplectic form. This article proves that all moduli space components are smooth manifolds. Necessary and sufficient conditions are also given for a collection of closed curves in S^1 x S^2 to appear as the set of |s| --> infinity limits of the constant s in R slices of a pseudoholomorphic, multiply punctured sphere.
description: This is the version published by Geometry & Topology on 24 July 2006
Fostering empathy through intergenerational storytelling in embodied virtual reality
Creators: name: Shen, Chenxinran
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Adopting the perspective of another person can enhance one's understanding of that individual, which can be especially valuable in the context of intergenerational communication. However, it can be challenging to achieve this shift in perspective. We explored leveraging the Proteus Effect -- behaviour and perspective modulation in Embodied VR -- with the aim of improving younger adults’ understanding and empathy of their older family members’ life experiences. We asked younger adults to adopt the identity of their older family members at different ages through avatar swapping under several conditions. We collected rich qualitative data from 10 participants (5 dyads with a one-generation gap), and analyzed the data using reflexive thematic analysis. Our work suggests: 1) important design considerations for a VR setup that can facilitate intergenerational communication and lead to greater empathy; 2) the manner in which this VR setup affects both older adults and younger adults individually within the same familial context; and 3) the extent to which this VR setup shapes their mutual understanding and their relationship dynamics. Our work contributes a novel approach to bridging intergenerational communication.
Alternatives to Collective Management: DRMs and Other Business/Technology Options
Creators: name: Martin, Scott
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2011

description: One of the things that film studios are hearing with increasing frequency is the suggestion that compulsory licenses are a solution to piracy. Those of us at film studios have a lot of concerns about that. The argument we are hearing is basically: “You can’t beat it, so you join it—legalize piracy and then tax it.”
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 34 No. 4 (2011)
Quasilocal Energy, Komar Charge and Horizon for Regular Black Holes
Creators: name: Balart, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Brown-York quasilocal energy for regular black holes. We also express the identity that relates the difference of the Brown-York quasilocal energy and the Komar charge at the horizon to the total energy of the spacetime for static and spherically symmetric black hole solutions in a convenient way which permits us to understand why this identity is not satisfied when we consider nonlinear electrodynamics. However, we give a relation between quantities evaluated at the horizon and at infinity when nonlinear electrodynamics is considered. Similar relations are obtained for more general static and spherically symmetric black hole solutions which include solutions of dilaton gravity theories.
description: 10 pages, no figures
Collective dynamical response of coupled oscillators with any network structure
Creators: name: Kori, Hiroshi
name: Kawamura, Yoji
name: Nakao, Hiroya
name: Arai, Kensuke
name: Kuramoto, Yoshiki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate a reduction theory that describes the response of an oscillator network as a whole to external forcing applied nonuniformly to its constituent oscillators. The phase description of multiple oscillator networks coupled weakly is also developed. General formulae for the collective phase sensitivity and the effective phase coupling between the oscillator networks are found. Our theory is applicable to a wide variety of oscillator networks undergoing frequency synchronization. Any network structure can systematically be treated. A few examples are given to illustrate our theory.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Welcome and Introductory Remarks
Creators: name: Basek, June M.
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2011

description: Let me say a few words about why we decided to focus on collective management of copyright for our symposium this year. Collective licensing and collective management have long been part of the U.S. copyright landscape. In particular, the performing rights organizations, ASCAP, BMI and SESAC,1 license performing rights in music, and almost all composers and music publishers belong to one of those organizations. There are, of course, later-developed collective management organizations in the United States. One notable one is Copyright Clearance Center (“CCC”), which was developed after the 1976 Copyright Act, largely to license photocopying of textual materials. But the world has changed since then, and the scope of CCC licenses has expanded to meet the demand for audiovisual and digital forms as well. Still, outside the field of music, collective management organizations are not as prominent or as widely adhered to in the United States as they are elsewhere in Europe and around the world.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 34 No. 4 (2011)
Who Purchases Flood Insurance, and Why? Evidence from the Hudson Valley
Creators: name: Kuonen, Jessica
name: Hychka, Kristen
name: Allred, Shorna
name: Tidball, Keith
name: Pennington, Alex
name: Tennyson, Sharon
name: Kay, David
name: Vitulli, Bryce
name: Zinda, John Aloysius
name: Laureano, Jesenia
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2025

description:
In the United States, increasing the number of homeowners insured through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is a key goal in federal and state efforts to manage flooding impacts. This study draws on a survey of households in the Hudson valley of New York State to examine which households insure and how different homeowners view insurance, examining patterns across homeownership status as well as location inside or outside federally designated Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs). Flood insurance take-up was highest among mortgage-holding homeowners living in SFHAs, who are required to purchase flood insurance. Majorities of both insured and uninsured homeowners expressed low confidence that they could pay for flood damage on their own and low confidence that the NFIP would cover costs of flooding. Many, including over one-fifth of those living in high-risk areas, see their risk of flooding as low enough to merit not insuring. Understanding flood insurance behavior and encouraging preparedness requires addressing how people in varied situations evaluate cost, risk perception, and trust in institutions.
Addressing the gendered dynamics of asylum seeker and refugee integration provision in Scotland: Key findings and recommendations
Creators: name: Meer, Nasar
name: Peace, Timothy
name: Hill, Emma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: migration, governance, refugees, asylum seekers, migrants, integration

description: Gender dynamics impact the entire process of displacement experienced by asylum seekers and refugees. Environments which cause displacement are often highly gendered, exerting particular forms of Sexual and Gender Based Violence (SGBV). Displaced environments also produce gendered hierarchies of safety, vulnerability, representation and credibility. These conditions impact people of all genders but disproportionately and adversely affect gender minorities, such as cisgender women, trans, non-binary and queer people. ‘Integration’ processes – the post-migration systems through which asylum seekers and refugees access and are supported to access key facilitators of social citizenship – are also highly gendered. In the UK, gender disparities in immigration and integration systems begin at the point of arrival and persist through ‘integration’ pathways. Devolved infrastructure has allowed the Scottish Government to create respective gender and integration policies that are distinct and divergent from approaches elsewhere in the UK. However, GLIMER Research indicates that (1) integration processes in Scotland produce gender unequal effects (2) service providers’ approaches to gender are inconsistent and would benefit from centralised guidance, and (3) policy tackling gender and displacement is under-realised.
Crystal structure solution from experimentally determined atomic pair distribution functions
Creators: name: Juhas, Pavol
name: Granlund, Luke
name: Gujarathi, Saurabh R.
name: Duxbury, Phillip M.
name: Billinge, Simon J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper describes an extension of the Liga algorithm for structure solution from atomic pair distribution function (PDF), to handle periodic crystal structures with multiple elements in the unit cell. The procedure is performed in 2 separate steps - at first the Liga algorithm is used to find unit cell sites consistent with pair distances extracted from the experimental PDF. In the second step the assignment of atom species over cell sites is solved by minimizing the overlap of their empirical atomic radii. The procedure has been demonstrated on synchrotron x-ray PDF data from 16 test samples. The structure solution was successful for 14 samples including cases with enlarged super cells. The algorithm success rate and the reasons for failed cases are discussed together with enhancements that should improve its convergence and usability.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Journal of Applied Crystallography
Solving the Orphan Works Problem for the United States
Creators: name: Hansen, David R.
name: Hinze, Gwen
name: Hashimoto, Kathryn
name: Samuelson, Pamela
name: Urban, Jennifer M.
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 203

description: Over the last decade, the problem of orphan works—i.e., copyrighted works whose owners cannot be located by a reasonably diligent search—has come sharply into focus as libraries, archives and other large repositories of copyrighted works have sought to digitize and make available their collections online. Combined with new technology that has changed the way that copyrighted works are created and the way that consumers expect to access and use copyrighted works, the orphan works problem has grown into a significant and, as former Register of Copyrights Marybeth Peters observed, a “pervasive” problem. Although this problem is certainly not limited to digital libraries, it has proven especially challenging for these organizations because they hold diverse collections that include millions of books, articles, letters, photographs, home movies, films and other types of works. Many items come with a complex, unknown and often unknowable history of copyright ownership. Because U.S. copyright law provides for both strong injunctive relief and monetary damages (in the form of statutory damages of up to $150,000 per work infringed), organizations that cannot obtain permission often do not make their collections available at all. Large projects, such as Google Book Search and the HathiTrust digital library, which aim in part to address orphan works on a larger scale, have been drawn into litigation.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 37 No. 1 (2013)
Fossil Galaxy Groups -- Ideal Laboratories for Studying the Effects of AGN Heating
Creators: name: Jetha, Nazirah N.
name: Khosroshahi, Habib
name: Raychaudhury, Somak
name: Sengupta, Chandreyee
name: Hardcastle, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first of a sample of fossil galaxy groups with pre-existing Chandra and/or XMM-Newton X-ray observations and new or forthcoming low frequency GMRT data -- RXJ1416.4+2315 (z=0.137). Fossil galaxy groups are ideal laboratories for studying feedback mechanisms and how energy injection affects the IGM, since due to the lack of recent merging activity, we expect the IGM to be relatively pristine and affected only by any AGN activity that has occurred in the group. Our Chandra X-ray observations reveal features resembling AGN-inflated bubbles, whilst our GMRT radio data show evidence of extended emission from the central AGN that may be filling the bubble. This has enabled us to estimate the work done by the central AGN, place limits on the rates of energy injection and discuss the nature of the plasma filling the bubble.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, to appear in proceedings of The Monster's Fiery Breath, Madison, Wisconsin, 1-5 June 2009, Ed. Sebastian Heinz & Eric Wilcots
The Law and Science of Climate Change Attribution
Creators: name: Burger, Michael
name: Wentz, Jessica
name: Horton, Radley
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law
Year: 2020

description: In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number of lawsuits seeking to hold governments and private actors accountable for failure to take action on climate change. Climate change attribution science—which examines the causal links between human activities, global climate change, and the impacts of climate change—plays a central role in many of these lawsuits. Attribution science is rapidly evolving, both in regards to attributing impacts and extreme events to climate change and in attributing greenhouse gas emissions to particular actors—and so too is its role in the courtroom and in policymaking. Armed with a growing body of evidence linking increases in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations to specific harmful impacts, plaintiffs are pursuing more ambitious claims against governments and emitters for their contribution to, or failure to take action on, climate change. The Law and Science of Climate Change Attribution examines how attribution science is used in litigation and in policymaking, and how litigation and policymaking might influence current and future directions in attribution science. In so doing, the Article indicates where current research factors into various types of climate litigation, and where further work may be most impactful. After a brief Introduction, Part II defines and describes the state of attribution science, articulating core concepts and crafting a vocabulary for law-and-policy audiences to comprehend its methodologies and salience. Part III describes the role that attribution science has played in recent litigation as well as policy-making and planning activities, focusing primarily on examples from the United States but also drawing on international examples. Part IV discusses future directions in the law and science of climate change attribution, addressing questions such as how attribution science can better inform policy-making, planning, and litigation; how parties can best utilize attribution science in climate change litigation; and how courts can respond to the realities and limitations of climate attribution science.
description: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 45 No. 1 (2020): Volume 45.1
Sub-Wavelength Resolution Imaging of the Solar Deep Interior
Creators: name: Hanasoge, Shravan M.
name: Duvall, Thomas L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive expectations for signatures in the measured travel times of waves that interact with thermal anomalies and jets. A series of numerical experiments that involve the dynamic linear evolution of an acoustic wave field in a solar-like stratified spherical shell in the presence of fully 3D time-stationary perturbations are performed. The imprints of these interactions are observed as shifts in wave travel times, which are extracted from these data through methods of time-distance helioseismology \citep{duvall}. In situations where at least one of the spatial dimensions of the scatterer was smaller than a wavelength, oscillatory time shift signals were recovered from the analyses, pointing directly to a means of resolving sub-wavelength features. As evidence for this claim, we present analyses of simulations with spatially localized jets and sound-speed perturbations. We analyze 1 years' worth solar observations to estimate the noise level associated with the time differences. Based on theoretical estimates, Fresnel zone time shifts associated with the (possible) sharp rotation gradient at the base of the convection zone are of the order 0.01 - 0.1 s, well below the noise level that could be reached with the currently available amount of data ($\sim 0.15-0.2$ s with 10 yrs of data).
description: Accepted, ApJ; 17 pages, 12 figures
Participants' experiences implementing a food literacy program utilizing a hydroponic shipping container farm
Creators: name: Edwards, Gabrielle Brynne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Utilizing the Health Promoting Schools (HPS) framework (WHO, 1996), this qualitative case study explored participants’ experiences implementing a hydroponic shipping container farm (HSCF) food literacy education program at a middle school in British Columbia, Canada. The school was attempting to integrate the program using a whole school approach, which recognizes that formal learning, school environment, and community connections all contribute to student learning (Shallcross, 2006). The research questions aimed to identify barriers and opportunities that arose during program implementation as well as how a food literacy program is affected when commonly identified barriers to program success were absent. This research included the voices of many individuals including teachers, administrators, students, and community members. Despite substantial initial funding for program implementation and support, the presence of the HSCF at the school placed significant financial and human capital burdens on the school, which puts the long-term sustainability of the program into question. Findings highlighted considerable excitement and support for the program but also conflicting program expectations among participants. The HSCF sparked a renewed interest in sustainability within the school. Teachers and administrators within the school became vocal about the presence of the HSCF leading to media exposure within the community. Due in part to this exposure, as well as the help of a local community champion, the school was able to develop several community connections that led to learning experiences for students as well as aided the school in overcoming barriers they faced when implementing the program. Adult participants viewed teaching business skills and the future of farming as important learning goals for the farm. Less emphasis was placed on connecting students to food systems or promoting the development of an engaged citizenry. A lack of specific learning objectives related to food in the BC curriculum, as well the absence of clear learning objectives surrounding the program itself, made it difficult to effectively incorporate these topics into the program. Although there was strong support for the program, the research concluded that HSCFs as a tool for food literacy education may not be a sustainable model for schools in the long run.
$π$-junction to probe antiphase s-wave pairing in iron pnictide superconductors
Creators: name: Chen, Wei-Qiang
name: Ma, Fengjie
name: Lu, Zhong-Yi
name: Zhang, Fu-Chun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Josephson junctions between a $FeAs$-based superconductor with antiphase s-wave pairing and a conventional s-wave superconductor are studied. The translational invariance in a planar junction between a single crystal pnictide and an aluminum metal greatly enhances the relative weight of electron pockets in the pnictide to the critical current. In a wide doping region of the pnictide, a planar and a point contact junctions have opposite phases, which can be used to design a tri-junction ring with $π$ phase to probe the antiphase pairing.
description: The published version
Dron’t Stop Me Now: Prioritizing Drone Journalism in Commercial Drone Regulation
Creators: name: Fischer, David A
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2019

description: New technologies that simplify lives and improve our understanding of the world around us inevitably pose new, difficult legal questions. This maxim is true for commercial drones. The recent proliferation of these devices creates a multitude of opportunities for commercial use. To borrow a phrase from Justice Robert H. Jackson, the ability of drones to navigate the sky like “vagrant clouds”4 also means that these devices pose significant regulatory challenges for federal, state, and local governments. Governments attempting to address the safety, privacy, and region- specific concerns raised by increased commercial drone use must also consider the concomitant burdens placed on commercial drone use. This Note proceeds in four parts. Part I highlights novel journalistic uses of drones for content production and investigative reporting and discusses the pitfalls of under- or overregulating commercial drones. Part II details the current state of federal, state, and local regulation of commercial drone use. Keeping in mind potential changes that may result to the FAA’s Part 107 commercial drone regulations from the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018, this Note considers the FAA’s current regulations as a baseline for whether new regulations would help or hinder drone journalism. The state and local picture is more intricate, and this Note discusses those regulations in three parts: safety regulations, privacy regulations, and region-specific regulations. Part III discusses federal safety regulations and the First Amendment and proposes simplifying the regulatory picture by preempting most state and local safety regulations. Part IV examines whether the federal regulatory scheme preempts state and local privacy regulations and common law torts, the application of those common law torts, and First Amendment limitations on state and local privacy regulations. The Conclusion details how an aspiring drone journalist would experience the regulatory scheme proposed herein.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 43 No. 1 (2019)
Direct detection of the relative strength of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction: Utilizing the SU(2) symmetry
Creators: name: Li, Jun
name: Chang, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a simple method to detect the relative strength of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-obit interactions in quantum wells (QWs) without relying on the directional-dependent physical quantities. This method utilize the asymmetry of critical gate voltages that leading to the remarkable signals of SU(2) symmetry, which happens to reflect the intrinsic structure inversion asymmetry of the QW. We support our proposal by the numerical calculation of in-plane relaxation times based on the self-consistent eight-band Kane model. We find that the two different critical gate voltages leading to the maximum spin relaxation times [one effect of the SU(2) symmetry] can simply determine the ratio of the coefficients of Rashba and Dresselhaus terms. Our proposal can also be generalized to extract the relative strengths of the spin-orbit interactions in quantum wire and quantum dot structures.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
The Ferry Lidar Experiment and Benchmark
Creators: name: Gottschall, Julia
name: Witha, Björn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The presentation consists of two parts: in the first part, the Ferry Lidar Experiment - which is one of the NEWA Experiments, ie a set of unique flow experiments conducted as part of the New European Wind Atlas (NEWA) Project - is introduced. For the Ferry Lidar Experiment a Doppler lidar instrument was placed on a ferry connecting Kiel and Klaipeda in the Southern Baltic Sea from February to June 2017. A comprehensive set of all relevant motions was recorded together with the lidar data and processed in order to obtain and provide corrected wind time series. In the second part of the presentation, first results of a benchmark study are presented which was conducted on the basis of the NEWA Ferry Lidar dataset. In this study a number of different mesoscale model simulations, provided by different participants of the study, are compared with the measurement data.
Bloody Foundation? Ethical and Legal Implications of (Not) Removing the Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt at the American Museum of Natural History
Creators: name: Marber, Sinclaire Devereux
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2019

description: On October 26, 2017, protestors calling themselves the Monument Removal Brigade (“MRB”) splashed red paint on the base of a statue of Theodore Roosevelt outside the American Museum of Natural History (“AMNH,” “Museum,” or “Natural History Museum”) in New York City as a form of public protest art. This 1939 sculpture by American artist James Earle Fraser (the “Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt” or “Equestrian Statue”) portrays the twenty-sixth president of the United States sitting upon a horse, flanked on either side by a standing African man and Native American man intended to represent their respective continents. On its anonymous blog, MRB called for the statue’s removal and claimed, “[t]he true damage lies with patriarchy, white supremacy, and settler-colonialism embodied by the statue.” The Mayoral Advisory Commission on City Art, Monuments, and Markers (the “Commission”) conducted a study of controversial monuments on public land in New York City and was unable to agree on an appropriate fate for the AMNH statue; for this reason, it has remained in place for the time being. In July of 2019, the AMNH opened a special exhibition entitled Addressing the Statue. This AMNH protest occurred within a larger national conversation about the place of public monuments, especially those commemorating leaders of the Confederacy. But the current debate often lacks scholarly rigor, with little consideration of the history, intention, or artistic merit of the monuments in question, or the federal, state, local, and administrative laws governing their removal or modification. This Article draws upon the disciplines of art history, museum studies, and the law to contextualize the AMNH Equestrian Statue and expand upon the Commission’s and AMNH’s analyses to develop a suggested framework for considering controversial monuments in the future.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 43 No. 1 (2019)
Stable Bloch oscillations of cold atoms with time-dependent interaction
Creators: name: Gaul, C.
name: Lima, R. P. A.
name: Diaz, E.
name: Mueller, C. A.
name: Dominguez-Adame, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate Bloch oscillations of interacting cold atoms in a mean-field framework. In general, atom-atom interaction causes dephasing and destroys Bloch oscillations. Here, we show that Bloch oscillations are persistent if the interaction is modulated harmonically with suitable frequency and phase. For other modulations, Bloch oscillations are rapidly damped. We explain this behavior in terms of collective coordinates whose Hamiltonian dynamics permits to predict a whole family of stable solutions. In order to describe also the unstable cases, we carry out a stability analysis for Bogoliubov excitations. Using Floquet theory, we are able to predict the unstable modes as well as their growth rate, found to be in excellent agreement with numerical simulations.
description: minor changes; published version
Changes in physicochemical and surface characteristics in milk protein powders during storage
Creators: name: Phosanam, Arissara
name: Chandrapala, Jayani
name: Huppertz, Thom
name: Adhikari, Benu
name: Zisu, Bogdan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Physicochemical characteristics of whey protein concentrate (WPC35, 35% protein), whey protein isolate, sodium, and calcium caseinate powders were studied by storing them at 25, 35, and 45 °C and 11, 44, and 85% relative humidity (RH) for 21 days. Monolayer moisture content (Mo) in these powders increased with increasing protein content. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of all of these powders decreased with increasing RH at all storage temperatures. Lactose crystallization occurred in WPC35 at 85% RH at all temperatures and 44% RH and 45 °C, and this caused caking. Caking was also observed in whey protein concentrate and isolate, and sodium and calcium caseinate powders at 85% RH and 45 °C, despite having low (0.2–1.5%, w/w) lactose content. Surface fat content was higher in powders stored at higher temperatures and RH. All powders developed browning, which was especially pronounced at 85% RH. These findings help better understand the temperature and humidity dependent behavior of whey protein and casein powders during storage.
Iancu v. Brunetti’s Impact on First Amendment Law: Viewpoint Discrimination, Modes of Offensive Expression, Proportionality and Profanity
Creators: name: Calvert, Clay
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2019

description: This article analyzes and contextualizes multiple effects on First Amendment jurisprudence of the United States Supreme Court’s 2019 trademark ruling in Iancu v. Brunetti. It explores what the five opinions in the case reveal regarding the justices’ divergent views on both offensive speech and standards of scrutiny. The six-justice Brunetti majority struck down part of the federal Lanham Act that allowed the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“PTO”) to deny registration to marks it deemed immoral or scandalous. Yet several justices wanted to permit the PTO to reject registration for vulgar or profane marks that offend based not on the ideas or views conveyed, but rather because of the manner and mode of expression. Furthermore, the majority specified it was silent about such a censorial mode-of- expression possibility. Beyond examining what this portends for Congress in drafting a new statute, the article also considers: (1) Brunetti’s implications for the doctrine against viewpoint-based discrimination; (2) Justice Stephen Breyer’s continued assault on the Court’s traditional categorical approach to First Amendment cases; and (3) how Brunetti indirectly breathes life into the Federal Communications Commission’s quiescent regulation of profanity on the broadcast airwaves. Ultimately, while the Court under Chief Justice John Roberts’s leadership has protected offensive speech in cases such as Snyder v. Phelps and United States v. Stevens, the quintet of opinions in Brunetti reveals that this benevolence has limits, especially when government protection confers benefits upon such expression.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 43 No. 1 (2019)