cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A topological view on baryon number conservation
Creators: name: Matute, Ernesto A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that the charge fractionalization in quarks has a hidden topological character related to a broken ${\cal Z}_2$ symmetry between integer-charged bare quarks and leptons. The mechanism is a tunneling process occurring in time between standard field configurations of a pure gauge form with different topological winding numbers associated with integer-charged bare quarks in the far past and future. This transition, which nonperturbatively normalizes local bare charges with a universal accumulated value, corresponds to a specific topologically nontrivial configuration of the weak gauge fields in Euclidean spacetime. The outcome is an effective topological charge equal to the ratio between baryon number and the number of fermion generations associated with baryonic matter. The observed conservation of baryon number is then related to the conservation of this bookkeeping charge on quarks. Baryon number violation may only arise through topological effects as in decays induced by electroweak instantons. However, stability of a free proton is expected.
description: 10 pages, revtex4, no figures, to appear in Modern Physics Letters A (2004)
Prevalence of U.S. Food Insecurity Is Related to Changes in Unemployment, Inflation, and the Price of Food
Creators: name: Nord, Mark
name: Coleman-Jensen, Alisha
name: Gregory, Christian
name: Nord, Mark
name: Coleman-Jensen, Alisha
name: Gregory, Christian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Public Economics
subject: Food security
subject: food insecurity
subject: food prices
subject: unemployment
subject: food price inflation
subject: SNAP
subject: food assistance

description: This report examines the extent to which year-to-year changes in the prevalence of U.S. household food insecurity can be explained by changes in the national unemployment rate, inflation, and the price of food relative to other goods and services. Data are from the 2001-12 Current Population Survey Food Security Supplements and statistics on employment and prices from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Understanding the strength and consistency of these associations can broaden understanding of how national and household economic conditions affect food insecurity. As an example, the report sheds light on why food security has remained essentially unchanged since the 2007-09 recession. Falling unemployment from early post-recession (2009-10) to 2012, absent any other changes, would suggest a modest decline in the prevalence of food insecurity. However, this report finds that potential improvement was almost exactly offset by the effects of higher inflation and the higher relative price of food in 2012.
title: The academic, linguistic and social development of bilingual pupils in secondary education: issues of diagnosis, pedagogy and culture
Creators: name: Moore, Alex J.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1995

description: Different pedagogical and curricular approaches to bilingual pupils are examined at two institutions. At the first institution, an off-site language unit, bilingual pupils are shown to be denied access to the full range of normal classroom discourses, being denied opportunities to initiate discussions, ask questions or work in small groups. When pupils attempt to take control of discourses themselves, their cognitive-linguistic inputs, imperfectly expressed, are often interpreted as incorrect. Typically, existing language and learning skills, including first-language skills, are not taken into account by teachers, and cognitive levels are set at levels commensurate with the pupils' second-language, rather than first-language, competences. This pedagogical approach, described as 'language led', results in pupils engaging in language-learning activities far below those appropriate to their chronological ages. At the second institution, a mainstream comprehensive school, bilingual pupils are shown ostensibly to be provided access to a curriculum appropriate to their chronological ages, and to the full range of normal classroom discourses. It is argued, however, that particular discursive forms and genres imported into the classroom from 'out-of-school' cultures - for example, preferred ways of writing and drawing - are treated by teachers as incorrect and as symptoms of pupil deficiency. This results in unhelpful pedagogies which inhibit pupils' linguistic-academic development. The thesis concludes by describing classroom situations in which more helpful pedagogical approaches are adopted, through teachers 'distancing themselves' from their own and their pupils' cultural preferences and through treating alternative forms of representation as different rather than as merely wrong. Such teachers adopt a policy of extending their pupils, cultural-representational repertoires, rather than seeking to replace one set of cultural forms with another. The thesis questions the extent to which teachers can, through such approaches, mount an effective challenge to existing perceptions that certain forms of representation are intrinsically superior to others.
On the Information Bottleneck Problems: Models, Connections, Applications and Information Theoretic Views
Creators: name: Zaidi, Abdellatif
name: Aguerri, Inaki Estella
name: Shamai, Shlomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This tutorial paper focuses on the variants of the bottleneck problem taking an information theoretic perspective and discusses practical methods to solve it, as well as its connection to coding and learning aspects. The intimate connections of this setting to remote source-coding under logarithmic loss distortion measure, information combining, common reconstruction, the Wyner-Ahlswede-Korner problem, the efficiency of investment information, as well as, generalization, variational inference, representation learning, autoencoders, and others are highlighted. We discuss its extension to the distributed information bottleneck problem with emphasis on the Gaussian model and highlight the basic connections to the uplink Cloud Radio Access Networks (CRAN) with oblivious processing. For this model, the optimal trade-offs between relevance (i.e., information) and complexity (i.e., rates) in the discrete and vector Gaussian frameworks is determined. In the concluding outlook, some interesting problems are mentioned such as the characterization of the optimal inputs ("features") distributions under power limitations maximizing the "relevance" for the Gaussian information bottleneck, under "complexity" constraints.
description: To be published in Entropy as part of the Special Issue Information Theory for Data Communications and Processing. 51 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1807.04193
Study of the Biological Control Mechanism and its Pathogen on Sugarcane Crop in Nandurbar District
Creators: name: Dr. M. H. Mali
Publisher: name: HTL
Year: 2020

description: The present investigation encompasses aspects pertaining to disease control of varioussugarcane crops by biological control mechanism. Trichoderma viride, Baccillus subtilis andPsudomonas fluorescensare used against eight pathogenic fungi to understand comparativeobservations for inhibition zone in centimeter (cm) different pathogens affecting on sugarcanecrops. Monoculture and duel culture experiment are taken to find out antimicrobial activity byuseful microorganism. Result shows that in single culture experiment T. viride shows moreinhibitory effects against R. solani followed by other pathogens at different levels of zone ofinhibition.
Remarks on Stable and Quasi-stable k-Strings at Large N
Creators: name: Armoni, A.
name: Shifman, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss k-strings in the large-N Yang-Mills theory and its supersymmetric extension. Whereas the tension of the bona fide (stable) QCD string is expected to depend only on the N-ality of the representation, tensions that depend on specific representation R are often reported in the lattice literature. In particular, adjoint strings are discussed and found in certain simulations. We clarify this issue by systematically exploiting the notion of the quasi-stable strings which becomes well-defined at large N. The quasi-stable strings with representation-dependent tensions decay, but the decay rate (per unit length per unit time) is suppressed as Lambda^2 F(N) where F(N) falls off as a function of N. It can be determined on the case-by-case basis. The quasi-stable strings eventually decay into stable strings whose tension indeed depends only on the N-ality. We also briefly review large-N arguments showing why the Casimir formula for the string tension cannot be correct, and present additional arguments in favor of the sine formula. Finally, we comment on the relevance of our estimates to Euclidean lattice measurements.
description: 40 pages, Latex. 10 figures. v2: final version accepted for publication in Nucl.Phys.B
Changes in Eating Patterns and Diet Quality Among Working-Age Adults, 2005-2010
Creators: name: Todd, Jessica E.
name: Todd, Jessica E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food intake
subject: diet quality
subject: food away from home
subject: recession

description: The recession of 2007-09, the deepest of the postwar period, has had large and long- lasting effects. Using data from the 2005-10 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, this study compares a number of measures of food intake and diet quality for the cohort of working-age adults born between 1946 and 1985. During the period, consumption of food away from home (FAFH) declined, as measured by total daily calories, share of daily calories, and the number of FAFH meals and snacks. At the same time, diet quality improved slightly, with a lower share of calories coming from fat and saturated fat and with less cholesterol and more fiber consumed. Regression analysis indicates, however, that the decline in FAFH consumption explains less than 20 percent of the improvements in diet quality. Increased consumer preferences for nutritious foods and greater use of nutrition information during food shopping also likely led to improvements in diet quality over this period. ----- Errata: On May 13, 2014 the note to Table 5 in “Changes in Eating Patterns and Diet Quality Among Working-Age Adults, 2005-2010,” was revised. It stated that household income relative to the poverty line was included in the regressions that were reported in the table, but in fact this variable was not included in the regression. The estimates in the table did not change.
Beyond linearized cosmology
Creators: name: Puetzfeld, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We comment on the necessity of a unified approximative scheme within relativistic cosmology which would allow us to classify different cosmological models in a systematic way. We also report on recent progresses in formulating a cosmological post-Newtonian approximation and the problems related to such a scheme.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the PASCOS 2005 symposium, Gyeongju, Korea, May 30 - June 4, 2005
Discrete Torsion and WZW Orbifolds
Creators: name: Bordalo, Pedro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a geometrical interpretation for the discrete torsion appearing in the algebraic formulation of quotients of WZW models by discrete abelian subgroups. Part of the discrete torsion corresponds to the choice of action of the subgroup, yielding different quotient spaces. Another part corresponds to the set of different choices of connection for the H field in each of these spaces. The former is for instance used to describe generalized lens spaces L(n,p).
description: 11 pages, no figures; references added, typos corrected
Emerging Energy Industries and Rural Growth
Creators: name: Brown, Jason P.
name: Weber, Jeremy G.
name: Wojan, Timothy R.
name: Brown, Jason P.
name: Weber, Jeremy G.
name: Wojan, Timothy R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: natural gas
subject: wind power
subject: ethanol
subject: economic growth

description: Expansion of emerging energy industries—unconventional natural gas extraction, wind power development, and corn-based ethanol production—in rural areas of the United States during the last decade has led, on average, to net gains in local employment. Unconventional natural gas (so-called because it uses unconventional extraction methods— hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling—to reach gas trapped in relatively impermeable shale and sandstone) had the biggest employment effect, largely reflecting the scale of the activity. Despite its relatively large employment effect, the effect of natural gas development is smaller than what prior simulation models projected. Estimates of employment impacts for wind turbines and ethanol plants, in contrast, are consistent with some earlier projections. This report synthesizes and builds on findings from recent studies led by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service researchers investigating the local economic effects of these energy industries.
Participation in SNAP and Unemployment Insurance: How Tight Are the Strands of the Recessionary Safety Net?
Creators: name: Finifter, David H.
name: Prell, Mark A.
name: Finifter, David H.
name: Prell, Mark A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Public Economics
subject: SNAP
subject: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
subject: Unemployment Insurance
subject: UI
subject: multi-program participation
subject: social safety net
subject: recessionary safety net

description: This report provides nationally representative annual estimates for 2004-09 of households’ multi-program or “joint” participation patterns in both the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the Unemployment Insurance (UI) program, including breakouts of household types categorized by household income relative to poverty, race/ethnicity, and education level. SNAP and UI are two strands of the Nation’s recessionary safety net —the subset of safety-net programs for which participation is responsive to the business cycle. Using data from the Annual Social and Economic (ASEC) Supplement to the Current Population Survey, the study found that an estimated 14.4 percent of SNAP households also received UI at some time in 2009 (a recessionary year), an increase of 6.6 percentage points from 2005 (a full-employment year). Conversely, an estimated 13.4 percent of UI households also received SNAP in 2009, an increase of 2.3 percentage points from 2005. SNAP households with lower annual income relative to poverty or with householders who did not complete high school were relatively less likely to also have UI, indicating that these populations were relatively more likely to rely on SNAP benefits alone (without UI).
Participação de Instituições de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICTs) brasileiras no projeto de incubação de repositórios de dados
Creators: name: Silva, Tatyane Guedes Martins da
name: Costa, Alcidina Magalhães da Cunha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Apresentação realizada na sessão Pecha Kucha II da 13ª Conferência Lusófona de Ciência Aberta, formato híbrido, de 10 a 12 de outubro de 2022.
Perlit im Gartenbau
Perlite in horticulture
Creators: name: Mühlenweg, Dirk
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2004

description: Abstract: After a reference to the use of perlite in horticulture genesis, mineralogy, chemistry, occurrence, processing and products with their physical and chemical characteristics are presented. In detail perlites are described as additive to substrates in horticulture, for soil improvement, in horticulture without soil and for some special applications. A market with the future chances of perlite completes the article.
description: Zusammenfassung: Nach einem Hinweis auf die Verwendung von Perlit im Gartenbau werden Entstehung, Mineralogie, Chemie, Vorkommen, Verarbeitung und Produkte mit ihren physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften vorgestellt. Ausführlich beschrieben werden Perlite als Zuschlag zu Kultursubstraten, zur Bodenverbesserung, in erdelosen Kulturen und für Spezialanwendungen. Eine Marktübersicht mit den Zukunftschancen von Perlit rundet die Arbeit ab.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
U.S. Hog Production From 1992 to 2009: Technology, Restructuring, and Productivity Growth
Creators: name: McBride, William D.
name: Key, Nigel
name: McBride, William D.
name: Key, Nigel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Hogs
subject: pigs
subject: farm productivity
subject: production contracts
subject: pork prices
subject: scale of production
subject: farm structure
subject: total factor productivity
subject: concentration
subject: Agricultural Resource Management Survey

description: U.S. hog farms declined in number by more than 70 percent over the past two decades while hog inventories remained stable. The result has been an industry with larger hog enterprises, increased specialization in a single phase of production, greater reliance on purchased feed rather than feed grown on the farm, and an increased reliance on formal contracts—connecting farmers, hog owners, and packers—to coordinate production. This structural change contributed to substantial productivity gains for hog farms, likely benefiting U.S. consumers in terms of lower pork prices and enhancing the competitive position of U.S. producers in international markets – though larger hog farms may increase environmental risks by concentrating production in areas with limited land avail- able for manure application. With most hogs now grown on very large operations and with productivity-enhancing technologies widespread, the slowdown in hog farm productivity growth after 2004 suggests that the era of dramatic productivity gains will likely remain unmatched, absent significant technological innovation.
title: Geochemical and isotopic characteristics of palaeo-hydrothermal fluids related to granite magmatism, S W England
Creators: name: Miller, Martin Fitzhardinge
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1994

description: An assessment of stepped heating procedures for the extraction and isolation of carbonaceous species from fluid inclusions resulted in the development of low-blank procedures which permitted δ13C characterisation of palӕofluid CO2 (down to nanomole quantities) with an accuracy approaching that of the corresponding analytical precision. Similar procedures were successfully applied to the δ15N measurement of palӕofluid nitrogen at the sub-nanomole level.

An investigation into the origin of fluids which characterised the earliest episodes of palӕohydrothermal activity associated with the granites of S W England indicates that the abundance of trace carbon species (CO2 , CH4 ) and nitrogen in the fluids was correlated with the metasedimentary contribution to the respective granite source. Furthermore, δ15N and δ13C data (obtained on fluid components and local Palӕozoic metasediments, in conjunction with published δ15N values of Cornubian granites), indicate that carbon and nitrogen in the hydrothermal systems were derived from the granite magmas.

The chemical composition of the early hydrothermal fluids, together with geochemical and isotopic constraints from the characterisation of Palӕozoic metasedimentary country rocks, support the view that the fluids were genetically associated with the granites. Fluid interaction with the local metasedimentary rocks at a high level crustal appears to have been very limited. The incorporation of sedimentary matter into granitic protoliths during anatexis, with subsequent transfer to an exsolved hydrous phase during pluton cooling, is the most probable route by which palӕofluid solutes entered the early hydrothermal systems.

Hydrogen stable isotope data, measured on the extracted palӕowaters, indicate that meteoric water was not a significant component of early hydrothermal systems associated with either the Dartmoor granite or the nearby Hemerdon Ball intrusive, if sub-solidus isotopic exchange was significant. In contrast, comparable data from early fluids associated with other component intrusives of the batholith (as characterised by W ± Sn oxide paragenesis) are consistent with the progressive dilution of a magmatic-hydrothermal component by local groundwaters.
title: Appel à candidatures Post-doctorants 2011-2012
Creators: name: LabexMed
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Appel à candidature destiné aux post-doctorants pour des séjours de recherche au sein du LabexMed.
Genese der Niedermoore in der Masurischen Seeplatte
Genesis of fens in the Masurian Lakeland
Creators: name: Piaścik, Henryk
name: Lemkowska, Bożena
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2004

description: Abstract: Within the Masurian Lakeland 7.346 fens with 7,1 % of the area has been mapped. Over 85 % of the mires were formed by silting up of lakes by organic matter and 15 % on swampland. Peat has been grown up on organic and calcareous gyttja.
description: Zusammenfassung: In der Masurischen Seenplatte wurden 7.346 Niedermoore mit einem Flächenanteil von 7,1 % kartiert. Über 85 % der Moorbiotope sind durch das Verlanden von Seen und 15 % durch Versumpfung entstanden. Torfe sind in der Regel über organischen und kalkreichen Mudden aufgewachsen.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
title: Flora und Vegetation des Hohen Venns
title: Überarbeiteter Vortrag, gehalten am 7. Oktober auf der Tagung von DGMT und der Biologischen Stationen in den Kreisen Aachen und Düren in Monschau
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: Flora and Vegetation of the “Hohes Venn”
Creators: name: Raskin, Richard
name: Miseré, Stephan
name: Frankard, Philippe
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2005

description: Abstract: The “Hohes Venn” extends over the elevated plains of the western “Eifel” (Germany) and the “Ardennen” (Belgium). In comparison with other Central European mountain peat lands the vegetation is florageographical characterized by Atlantic kinds. Apart from a conception of the remarkable plants the vegetation is classified for the first time according to the form of vegetation concept. Here for the “Hohes Venn” typical forms of vegetation were separated, which are more near described. Beside the forms of vegetation of raised bogs are different forms of vegetation of transition mires of European importance.
description: Zusammenfassung: Das Hohe Venn erstreckt sich über die Hochebenen der westlichen Eifel und der Ardennen. Im Ver- gleich mit anderen mitteleuropäischen Gebirgsmooren ist die Vegetation florengeographisch durch atlantische Arten gekennzeichnet. Neben einer Vorstellung der bemerkenswerten Pflanzen wird die Vegetation erstmals nach dem Vegetationsformenkonzept klassifiziert. Hierbei wurden für das Hohe Venn typische Vegetationsformen ausgeschieden, die näher beschrieben werden. Neben den Vegetationsformen der Regenmoore sind verschiedene Vegetationsformen der Zwischenmoore von europäischer Bedeutung.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
Discovery potentials of double-charm tetraquarks
Creators: name: Qin, Qin
name: Shen, Yin-Fa
name: Yu, Fu-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we investigate the discovery potential of double-charm tetraquarks $T^{\{cc\}}_{[\bar{q}\bar{q}']}$. We find that their production cross sections at the LHCb with $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV reach $\mathcal{O}(10^4)$ pb, which indicates that the LHCb has collected $\mathcal{O}(10^8)$ such particles. Through the decay channels of $T^{\{cc\}}_{[\bar{u}\bar{d}]}\to D^{+}K^{-}π^{+}$ or $D^0D^+γ$ (if stable) or $T^{\{cc\}}_{[\bar{u}\bar{d}]}\to D^0D^{*+}\to D^0D^0π^+$ (if unstable), it is highly expected that they get discovered at the LHCb in the near future. We also discuss the productions and decays of the double-charm tetraquarks at future Tera-$Z$ factories.
Kritische Bemerkungen zum Niedersächsischen Moorschutzprogramm aus der Sicht der Torfindustrie
Critical Remarks on the Peatland Preservation Program from the View-Point of the Peat Industry
Creators: name: Falkenberg, Hartmut
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 1982

description: Das geplante Moorschutzprogramm hat als Ziel den Schutz von rund 65 000 ha Hochmoorflächen. Sie sind auf Grund eines umfangreichen Moorgutachtens ausgesucht worden und für eine sofortige oder spätere Unterschutzstellung unmittelbar oder nach Regenerationsmaßnahmen vorgesehen. Dies Programm berührt auch Abbauflächen der Torfindustrie, wie im einzelnen geschildert wird. Die mit den Plänen verbundenen Kosten werden, so wie sie jetzt angegeben werden, als unrealistisch dargestellt, zumal mit den eigentlichen geschützten Moorflächen noch weitere Kosten durch den Schutz der Umgebung in verschiedener Form entstehen.
description: The aim of the peatland preservation program in Lower Saxony is to protect a raised bog area of about 65 000 ha. The bogs are selected on the basis of a comprehensive expertise and shall be preserved immediatly or later in unchanged state or after certain regeneration measures. As described in detail in this article this program also includes areas of the peat industry. It is shown that the figures for the expenditure in connection with this project, as presently estimated, are unrealistic, especially as besides the prices for the areas to be preserved there will arise costs of different kind for the protection of the surrounding areas.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
Shedding Light on the Real "Dark Side" of the Criminal Justice System : Apprehension, Adjudication, and Incarceration
Creators: name: Scantling, Courtney
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.)
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3602
subject: Creative and professional writing
classificationCode: 4402
subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law

description: Description to be added
Automated synthesis of local time requirement for service composition
Creators: name: André, Étienne
name: Tan, Tian Huat
name: Chen, Manman
name: Liu, Shuang
name: Sun, Jun
name: Liu, Yang
name: Dong, Jin Song
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Service composition aims at achieving a business goal by composing existing service-based applications or components. The response time of a service is crucial especially in time critical business environments, which is often stated as a clause in service level agreements between service providers and service users. To meet the guaranteed response time requirement of a composite service, it is important to select a feasible set of component services such that their response time will collectively satisfy the response time requirement of the composite service. In this work, we use the BPEL modeling language, that aims at specifying Web services. We extend it with timing parameters, and equip it with a formal semantics. Then, we propose a fully automated approach to synthesize the response time requirement of component services modeled using BPEL, in the form of a constraint on the local response times. The synthesized requirement will guarantee the satisfaction of the global response time requirement, statically or dynamically. We implemented our work into a tool, Selamat, and performed several experiments to evaluate the validity of our approach.
description: This is a pre-print of an article published in the International Journal on Software and Systems Modeling (SoSyM)
title: Contested rationality: early regulation of GMO releases in Britain
Creators: name: Levidow, Les
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1995

description: This thesis analyses the development of safety regulation for the intentional release of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) between 19 89-92, especially in Britain in its European context, and by contrast to the USA. The thesis emphasizes the practical dilemmas of GMO regulation in accommodating uncertainties about public unease and environmental harm. It serves as a case study of safety regulation as a constructed rationality, of national regulatory styles, and of environmental precaution. In anticipating hazards prior to evidence of harm, GMO regulation had a contested 'rational' basis. Regulators encountered disputes in defining the risk problem, in establishing risk-management institutions, and in reducing scientific uncertainty about potential harm. Insofar as GMO regulation had a precautionary content, it undermined the 'rational' stereotype of risk-assessment steps. Both the precautionary potential and its limits derived from the project of overcoming obstacles to a biotechnology market. This meant symbolically normalizing GMOs as benign products, while specifying testable ecological uncertainties rooted in some naturalistic analogy. Technical 'risk' abstracted potential harm from issues of socioagronomic control which underlay the earlier environmental controversy. The thesis argues for recasting theoretical models of safety regulation as a 'technical' or 'procedural' rationality. GMO regulation contained poles of tension which such theoretical models attribute to antagonistic rationalities. Broadly speaking, the regulatory system was managing an internal contradiction between social legitimacy and commercialization. The difficulties of GMO regulation arose from its implicit role in legitimizing biotechnology, by default of any democratic procedure for adjudicating a contentious technoscientific development.
Supplemental Material from Hummingbirds use distinct control strategies for forward and hovering flight
Creators: name: Baliga, Vikram B.
name: Dakin, Roslyn
name: Wylie, Douglas R.
name: Altshuler, Douglas L.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310901
subject: Animal behaviour
classificationCode: 320999
subject: Neurosciences not elsewhere classified

description: The detection of optic flow is important for generating optomotor responses to mediate retinal image stabilization, and it can also be used during ongoing locomotion for centring and velocity control. Previous work in hummingbirds has separately examined the roles of optic flow during hovering and when centring through a narrow passage during forward flight. To develop a hypothesis for the visual control of forward flight velocity, we examined the behaviour of hummingbirds in a flight tunnel where optic flow could be systematically manipulated. In all treatments, the animals exhibited periods of forward flight interspersed with bouts of spontaneous hovering. Hummingbirds flew fastest when they had a reliable signal of optic flow. All optic flow manipulations caused slower flight, suggesting that hummingbirds had an expected optic flow magnitude that was disrupted. In addition, upward and downward optic flow drove optomotor responses for maintaining altitude during forward flight. When hummingbirds made voluntary transitions to hovering, optomotor responses were observed to all directions. Collectively, these results are consistent with hummingbirds controlling flight speed via mechanisms that use an internal forward model to predict expected optic flow whereas flight altitude and hovering position are controlled more directly by sensory feedback from the environment.
Asymmetric neutrino emission due to neutrino-nucleon scatterings in supernova magnetic fields
Creators: name: Ando, Shin'ichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the cross section of neutrino-nucleon scatterings in supernova magnetic fields, including weak-magnetism and recoil corrections. Since the weak interaction violates the parity, the scattering cross section asymmetrically depends on the directions of the neutrino momenta to the magnetic field; the origin of pulsar kicks may be explained by the mechanism. An asymmetric neutrino emission (a drift flux) due to neutrino-nucleon scatterings is absent at the leading level of $\mathcal O(μ_BB/T)$, where $μ_B$ is the nucleon magneton, $B$ is the magnetic field strength, and $T$ is the matter temperature at a neutrinosphere. This is because at this level the drift flux of the neutrinos are exactly canceled by that of the antineutrinos. Hence, the relevant asymmetry in the neutrino emission is suppressed by much smaller coefficient of $\mathcal O(μ_BB/m)$, where $m$ is the nucleon mass; detailed form of the relevant drift flux is also derived from the scattering cross section, using a simple diffusion approximation. It appears that the asymmetric neutrino emission is too small to induce the observed pulsar kicks. However, we note the fact that the drift flux is proportional to the deviation of the neutrino distribution function from the value of thermal equilibrium at neutrinosphere. Since the deviation can be large for non-electron neutrinos, it is expected that there occurs cancellation between the deviation and the small suppression factor of $\mathcal O(μ_BB/m)$. Using a simple parameterization, we show that the drift flux due to neutrino-nucleon scatterings may be comparable to the leading term due to beta processes with nucleons, which has been estimated to give a relevant kick velocity when the magnetic field is sufficiently strong as $10^{15}$--$10^{16}$ G.
description: 19 pages, 1 figure. Accepted by Physical Review D
Lepton dark matter portal in the inert Zee model
Creators: name: Gaviria, Alexandra
name: Longas, Robinson
name: Rivera, Andrés
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inert Zee model is an extension of the Zee model for neutrino masses. This new model explains the dark matter relic abundance, generates a one-loop neutrino masses and forbids tree-level Higgs-mediated flavor changing neutral currents. Although the dark matter phenomenology of the model is similar to that of the inert doublet model, the presence of new vector-like fermions opens the lepton portal as a new dark matter annihilation channel. We study the impact of such a new portal in the low mass regime and show the parameter space allowed by direct and indirect searches of dark matter. Remarkably, we show that the region for $m_{H^0} \lesssim$ 70 GeV is recovered for $λ_L \lesssim 10^{-3}$. We also show that future experiments like LZ and DARWIN could test a large region of the parameter space of the model.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
title: Statistical aspects of credit scoring
Creators: name: Henley, William Edward
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1995

description: This thesis is concerned with statistical aspects of credit scoring, the process of determining how likely an applicant for credit is to default with repayments. In Chapters 1-4 a detailed introduction to credit scoring methodology is presented, including evaluation of previous published work on credit scoring and a review of discrimination and classification techniques. In Chapter 5 we describe different approaches to measuring the absolute and relative performance of credit scoring models. Two significance tests are proposed for comparing the bad rate amongst the accepts (or the error rate) from two classifiers. In Chapter 6 we consider different approaches to reject inference, the procedure of allocating class membership probabilities to the rejects. One reason for needing reject inference is to reduce the sample selection bias that results from using a sample consisting only of accepted applicants to build new scorecards. We show that the characteristic vectors for the rejects do not contain information about the parameters of the observed data likelihood, unless extra information or assumptions are included. Methods of reject inference which incorporate additional information are proposed. In Chapter 7 we make comparisons of a range of different parametric and nonparametric classification techniques for credit scoring: linear regression, logistic regression, projection pursuit regression, Poisson regression, decision trees and decision graphs. We conclude that classifier performance is fairly insensitive to the particular technique adopted. In Chapter 8 we describe the application of the k-NN method to credit scoring. We propose using an adjusted version of the Eucidean distance metric, which is designed to incorporate knowledge of class separation contained in the data. We evaluate properties of the k-NN classifier through empirical studies and make comparisons with existing techniques.
The Cayley isomorphism property for the group $C_4\times C_p^2$
Creators: name: Ryabov, Grigory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C25, 05C60, 20B25

description: A finite group $G$ is called a DCI-group if two Cayley digraphs over $G$ are isomorphic if and only if their connection sets are conjugate by a group automorphism. We prove that the group $C_4\times C_p^2$, where $p$ is a prime, is a DCI-group if and only if $p\neq 2$.
description: 18 pages
Anisotropic Spin Diffusion in Trapped Boltzmann Gases
Creators: name: Mullin, W. J.
name: Ragan, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments in a mixture of two hyperfine states of trapped Bose gases show behavior analogous to a spin-1/2 system, including transverse spin waves and other familiar Leggett-Rice-type effects. We have derived the kinetic equations applicable to these systems, including the spin dependence of interparticle interactions in the collision integral, and have solved for spin-wave frequencies and longitudinal and transverse diffusion constants in the Boltzmann limit. We find that, while the transverse and longitudinal collision times for trapped Fermi gases are identical, the Bose gas shows diffusion anisotropy. Moreover, the lack of spin isotropy in the interactions leads to the non-conservation of transverse spin, which in turn has novel effects on the hydrodynamic modes.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures; submitted to PRL
N2O-Producing Microorganisms in the Gut of the Earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa Are Indicative of Ingested Soil Bacteria
Creators: name: Ihssen, Julian
name: Horn, Marcus A.
name: Matthies, Carola
name: Gößner, Anita
name: Schramm, Andreas
name: Drake, Harold L.
Publisher: name: Washington, DC [u.a.] : American Soc. for Microbiology
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Animals
subject: Colony Count, Microbial
subject: Culture Media
subject: Digestive System
subject: DNA, Ribosomal
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: The main objectives of this study were (i) to determine if gut wall-associated microorganisms are responsible for the capacity of earthworms to emit nitrous oxide (N2O) and (ii) to characterize the N2O-producing bacteria of the earthworm gut. The production of N2O in the gut of garden soil earthworms (Aporrectodea caliginosa) was mostly associated with the gut contents rather than the gut wall. Under anoxic conditions, nitrite and N2O were transient products when supplemental nitrate was reduced to N2 by gut content homogenates. In contrast, nitrite and N2O were essentially not produced by nitrate-supplemented soil homogenates. The most probable numbers of fermentative anaerobes and microbes that used nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor were approximately 2 orders of magnitude higher in the earthworm gut than in the soil from which the earthworms originated. The fermentative anaerobes in the gut and soil displayed similar physiological functionalities. A total of 136 N2O-producing isolates that reduced either nitrate or nitrite were obtained from high serial dilutions of gut homogenates. Of the 25 representative N2O-producing isolates that were chosen for characterization, 22 isolates exhibited >99% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with their closest cultured relatives, which in most cases was a soil bacterium, most isolates were affiliated with the gamma subclass of the class Proteobacteria or with the gram-positive bacteria with low DNA G+C contents, and 5 isolates were denitrifiers and reduced nitrate to N2O or N2. The initial N2O production rates of denitrifiers were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude greater than those of the nondenitrifying isolates. However, most nondenitrifying nitrate dissimilators produced nitrite and might therefore indirectly stimulate the production of N2O via nitrite-utilizing denitrifiers in the gut. The results of this study suggest that most of the N2O emitted by earthworms is due to the activation of ingested denitrifiers and other nitrate-dissimilating bacteria in the gut lumen.
Quantum weights of dyons and of instantons with non-trivial holonomy
Creators: name: Diakonov, Dmitri
name: Gromov, Nikolay
name: Petrov, Victor
name: Slizovskiy, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate exactly functional determinants for quantum oscillations about periodic instantons with non-trivial value of the Polyakov line at spatial infinity. Hence, we find the weight or the probability with which calorons with non-trivial holonomy occur in the Yang--Mills partition function. The weight depends on the value of the holonomy, the temperature, Lambda_QCD, and the separation between the BPS monopoles (or dyons) which constitute the periodic instanton. At large separation between constituent dyons, the quantum measure factorizes into a product of individual dyon measures, times a definite interaction energy. We present an argument that at temperatures below a critical one related to Lambda_QCD, trivial holonomy is unstable, and that calorons ``ionize'' into separate dyons.
description: 35 pages, 5 figs, minor corrections
Copper in Wood Preservatives Delayed Wood Decomposition and Shifted Soil Fungal but Not Bacterial Community Composition
Creators: name: Lasota, Sandra
name: Stephan, Ina
name: Horn, Marcus A.
name: Otto, Wolfgang
name: Noll, Matthias
Publisher: name: Washington, DC [u.a.] : American Soc. for Microbiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 16S rRNA gene
subject: Amplicon sequencing
subject: Community composition
subject: Copper-based wood preservatives
subject: ITS region
subject: Soil incubation study
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Copper-based fungicides are routinely used for wood and plant protection, which can lead to an enrichment of copper-tolerant microbial communities in soil. To investigate the effect of such wood preservatives on the soil fungal and bacterial community compositions, five different vineyard and fruit-growing soil environments were evaluated using incubation studies over time. Pine sapwood specimens were impregnated with either water or different biocide treatment solutions containing a mixture of copper, triazoles, and quaternary ammonium compounds (CuTriQAC), a mixture of triazoles and quaternary ammonium compounds (TriQAC), or copper alone (Cu). Specimens were incubated in soil from each sample site for 8, 16, 24, and 32 weeks. The effects of preservative treatment on the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the wood specimens and on the soil fungal as well as bacterial community composition at the soil-wood interface were assessed by quantitative PCR and amplicon sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Specimens impregnated with CuTriQAC and Cu showed decreased MOE and reduced fungal and bacterial copy numbers over time compared to those impregnated with water and TriQAC. Fungal but not bacterial community composition was significantly affected by wood preservative treatment. The relative abundance of members of the family Trichocomaceae compared to other genera increased in the presence of the Cu and CuTriQAC treatments at three sites, suggesting these to be Cu-tolerant fungi. In conclusion, the copper-containing treatments resulted in marginally increased MOE, lowered microbial gene copy numbers compared to those in the TriQAC and water treatments, and thus enhanced wood protection against soil microbial wood degradation.
Synchronized flow and wide moving jams from balanced vehicular traffic
Creators: name: Siebel, Florian
name: Mauser, Wolfram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently we proposed an extension to the traffic model of Aw, Rascle and Greenberg. The extended traffic model can be written as a hyperbolic system of balance laws and numerically reproduces the reverse $λ$ shape of the fundamental diagram of traffic flow. In the current work we analyze the steady state solutions of the new model and their stability properties. In addition to the equilibrium flow curve the trivial steady state solutions form two additional branches in the flow-density diagram. We show that the characteristic structure excludes parts of these branches resulting in the reverse $λ$ shape of the flow-density relation. The upper branch is metastable against the formation of synchronized flow for intermediate densities and unstable for high densities, whereas the lower branch is unstable for intermediate densities and metastable for high densities. Moreover, the model can reproduce the typical speed of the downstream front of wide moving jams. It further reproduces a constant outflow from wide moving jams, which is far below the maximum free flow. Applying the model to simulate traffic flow at a bottleneck we observe a general pattern with wide moving jams traveling through the bottleneck.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures