cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nonergodic Brownian oscillator: High-frequency response
Creators: name: Plyukhin, Alex V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a Brownian oscillator whose coupling to the environment may lead to the formation of a localized normal mode. For lower values of the oscillator's natural frequency, $ω\leω_c$, the localized mode is absent and the unperturbed oscillator reaches thermal equilibrium. For higher values of $ω>ω_c$, when the localized mode is formed, the unperturbed oscillator does not thermalize but rather evolves into a nonequilibrium cyclostationary state. We consider the response of such an oscillator to an external periodic force. Despite the coupling to the environment, the oscillator shows the unbounded resonance (with the response linearly increasing with time) when the frequency of the external force coincides with the frequency of the localized mode. An unusual resonance (``quasi-resonance") occurs for the oscillator with the critical value of the natural frequency $ω=ω_c$, which separates thermalizing (ergodic) and non-thermalizing (nonergodic) configurations. In that case the resonance response increases with time sublinearly, which can be interpreted as a resonance between the external force and the incipient localized mode.
description: 7 pages
Local glucocorticoid regulation in avian and murine lymphoid organs
Creators: name: Taves, Matthew D.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that circulate in the blood to coordinate organismal physiology. They have pleiotropic effects, regulating metabolic, cardiovascular, neural, and immune function. While glucocorticoids are classically thought to be secreted exclusively by the adrenal glands, evidence suggests that different organs may be able to autonomously regulate their local glucocorticoid levels via local production. Local production may be important when circulating glucocorticoids are low or absent, such as in early life of altricial young, which are unable to care for themselves. Immune (lymphoid) organs are particularly interesting candidates for tissue-specific regulation of glucocorticoid levels, as glucocorticoids are necessary for early-life immune development in altricial young. In this dissertation, I present a series of studies using birds and mice to examine whether tissue- specific regulation of glucocorticoids occurs in lymphoid organs. In brief, I report that a) glucocorticoids are locally elevated in lymphoid organs of newly-hatched altricial but not precocial birds, b) glucocorticoids are locally elevated in lymphoid organs of neonatal altricial mice, and c) lymphoid organs of both neonatal and adult mice synthesize glucocorticoids from other steroid precursors. Local glucocorticoid production in lymphoid organs may function to ensure production of functional lymphocytes, and factors that alter lymphoid glucocorticoid levels may play a role in programming the overall immune reactivity.
Non-Abelian Duality and Confinement: from N=2 to N=1 Supersymmetric QCD
Creators: name: Shifman, M.
name: Yung, A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently we discovered and discussed non-Abelian duality in the quark vacua of N=2 super-Yang-Mills theory with the U(N) gauge group and N_f flavors (N_f>N). Both theories from the dual pair support non-Abelian strings which confine monopoles. Now we introduce an N=2-breaking deformation, a mass term μ{\mathcal A}^2 for the adjoint fields. Starting from a small deformation we eventually make it large which enforces complete decoupling of the adjoint fields. We show that the above non-Abelian duality fully survives in the limit of N=1 SQCD, albeit some technicalities change. For instance, non-Abelian strings which used to be BPS-saturated in the N=2 limit, cease to be saturated in N=1 SQCD. Our duality is a distant relative of Seiberg's duality in N=1 SQCD. Both share some common features but have drastic distinctions. This is due to the fact that Seiberg's duality apply to the monopole rather than quark vacua. More specifically, in our theory we deal with N< N_f<3/2 N massive quark flavors. We consider the vacuum in which N squarks condense. Then we identify a crossover transition from weak to strong coupling. At strong coupling we find a dual theory, U(N_f-N) SQCD, with N_f light dyon flavors. Dyons condense triggering the formation of non-Abelian strings which confine monopoles. Screened quarks and gauge bosons of the original theory decay into confined monopole-antimonopole pairs and form stringy mesons.
description: 41 pp. 3 figures
Stability of galaxies across morphological sequence
Creators: name: Aditya, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the stability of nearby disc galaxies and galaxies at redshift ($z$) equal to 4.5. We explore the connection between the stability parameter $(Q_{RW})$, star formation rate ($SFR$), gas fraction $(f^{Gas})$, and the time scale for growth of gravitational instabilities $(τ)$. We find that, despite differences in morphology $91$ $\%$ of the nearby galaxies have a minimum value of stability parameter ($Q^{Min}_{RW}$) greater than $1$ indicating stability against the growth of axisymmetric instabilities. The spirals in our sample have higher median star formation rate, lower median $Q_{RW}$, a lower $f^{Gas}$ and small time scale for growth of gravitational instabilities than irregular galaxies. We find that the gravitational instabilities in spirals convert a large fraction of gas into stars quickly, depleting the gas reservoirs. On the other hand, star formation occurs more gradually over longer timescales in irregulars with a higher gas fraction. We then compare the stability of the nearby galaxies with galaxies at $z\,=\,4.5$. We find that net stability levels in the nearby galaxies and the galaxies at $z\,=\,4.5$ are primarily driven by the stellar disc suggesting the presence of an inherent mechanism that self-regulates the stability. Finally, upon removing the contribution of the dark matter to the total potential, the median $Q_{RW}$ for the nearby galaxies and galaxies at $z \,= \,4.5$ remains unchanged indicating that the baryons can self-regulate the stability levels, at least in a statistical sense.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Type I error rates and power of robust chi-square difference tests in investigations of measurement invariance
Creators: name: Brace, Jordan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: A Monte Carlo simulation study was conducted to investigate Type I error rates and power of several corrections for non-normality to the normal theory chi-square difference test in the context of evaluating measurement invariance via Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Studied statistics include: 1) the uncorrected difference test, DML, 2) Satorra’s (2000) original computationally intensive correction, DS0, 3) Satorra and Bentler’s (2001) simplified correction, DSB1, 4) Satorra and Bentler’s (2010) strictly positive correction, DSB10, and 5) a hybrid procedure, DSBH (Asparouhov & Muthén, 2010), which is equal to DSB1 when DSB1 is positive, and DSB10 when DSB1 is negative. Multiple-group data were generated from confirmatory factor analytic models invariant on some but not all parameters. A series of six nested invariance models was fit to each generated dataset. Population parameter values had little influence on the relative performance of the scaled statistics, while level of invariance being tested did. DS0 was found to over-reject in many Type I error conditions, and it is suspected that high observed rejection rates in power conditions are due to a general positive bias. DSB1 generally performed well in Type I error conditions, but severely under-rejected in power conditions. DSB10 performed reasonably well and consistently in both Type I error and power conditions. We recommend that researchers use the strictly positive corrected difference test, DSB10, to evaluate measurement invariance when data are not normally distributed.
Mapping the distribution of OB stars and associations in Auriga
Creators: name: Quintana, Alexis L.
name: Wright, Nicholas J.
name: Jeffries, Robin D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: OB associations are important probes of recent star formation and Galactic structure. In this study, we focus on the Auriga constellation, an important region of star formation due to its numerous young stars, star-forming regions and open clusters. We show using \textit{Gaia} data that its two previously documented OB associations, Aur OB1 and OB2, are too extended in proper motion and distance to be genuine associations, encouraging us to revisit the census of OB associations in Auriga with modern techniques. We identify 5617 candidate OB stars across the region using photometry, astrometry and our SED fitting code, grouping these into 5 high-confidence OB associations using HDBSCAN. Three of these are replacements to the historical pair of associations - Aur OB2 is divided between a foreground and a background association - while the other two associations are completely new. We connect these OB associations to the surrounding open clusters and star-forming regions, analyse them physically and kinematically, constraining their ages through a combination of 3D kinematic traceback, the position of their members in the HR diagram and their connection to clusters of known age. Four of these OB associations are expanding, with kinematic ages up to a few tens of Myr. Finally, we identify an age gradient in the region spanning several associations that coincides with the motion of the Perseus spiral arm over the last $\sim$20 Myr across the field of view.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Valley separation in graphene by polarized light
Creators: name: Golub, L. E.
name: Tarasenko, S. A.
name: Entin, M. V.
name: Magarill, L. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the optical excitation of graphene with polarized light leads to the pure valley current where carriers in the valleys counterflow. The current in each valley originates from asymmetry of optical transitions and electron scattering by impurities owing to the warping of electron energy spectrum. The valley current has strong polarization dependence, its direction is opposite for normally incident beams of orthogonal linear polarizations. In undoped graphene on a substrate with high susceptibility, electron-electron scattering leads to an additional contribution to the valley current that can dominate.
description: 4+ pages, 2 figures
Additional file 2 of Reducing stiffness of shock-absorbing pylon amplifies prosthesis energy loss and redistributes joint mechanical work during walking
Creators: name: Maun, Jenny Anne
name: Gard, Steven A.
name: Major, Matthew J.
name: Takahashi, Kota Z.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 2. Sound knee power and work. Average power by the sound knee (n = 12) (A) and mechanical work were computed in the entire stance (B) and during each of the four sub-phases: collision (C), rebound (D), preload (E), and push-off (F). Faster walking speed produced greater magnitudes of work across the entire stance phase (B) and sub-phases (C-F). Preload (E) showed an interaction effect. Overall, the sound limb’s knee produced net positive work across the entire stance phase (B) in all stiffness and speed conditions. Significant stiffness, speed, and interaction effects are denoted by ‘*’, ‘ + ’, and ‘x’ symbols, respectively.
Emerging planetary nebulae within 3D spiral patterns
Creators: name: Lora, V.
name: Toalá, J. A.
name: González-Carbajal, J. I.
name: Guerrero, M. A.
name: Esquivel, A.
name: Ramos-Larios, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first 3D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of the formation of planetary nebulae (PNe) emerging from 3D spiral patterns. We use the GUACHO code to create 3D spiral structures as a consequence of the distortions on the geometry of the intrinsically isotropic wind of an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star produced by a companion star in a circular orbit. We found that the orbital period of the binary producing the 3D spiral pattern has consequences on the formation and shaping of the PN itself. Stellar systems with longer period create less entwined 3D spirals, producing PNe with rounder inner cavities, and prevent the expansion of jet towards the polar directions. The spiral fitting procedure used in the literature to predict the binary's orbital period may be misleading in the case of proto-PNe and PNe as spiral patterns are diluted by their own thermal expansion down to the average AGB density profile within a few hundred years and are further disrupted by the action of jets. By adopting a phase of jet ejections between the AGB and post-AGB stages, we are able to recover the morphologies of proto-PNe and PNe that exhibit ring-like structures in their halos.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures, 1 table; Accepted to MNRAS
Diet and its modulatory effects on inflammatory bowel disease : a focus on vitamin D and infectious colitis
Creators: name: Ryz, Natasha Ronda
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a disease characterized by exaggerated immune responses to luminal bacteria. While it is unclear how vitamin D impacts IBD development, it is recognized that vitamin D plays an important role in host defense against pathogenic microbes. However, the mechanisms underlying vitamin D’s ability to affect a host’s susceptibility to infection is poorly understood. Escherichia coli is a pathobiont associated with IBD. Intestinal mucosa associated E. coli have been observed in greater numbers in patients with IBD compared to healthy controls, and these bacteria have been shown to play a role in driving intestinal inflammation. Since clinically important strains of E. coli generally do not colonize mice, researchers often rely on the related but mouse-specific attaching and effacing bacterial pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. This thesis explores the impact of vitamin D in modulating host defenses and intestinal homeostasis during infection with C. rodentium. In chapter 2, I describe how treatment with active vitamin D, calcitriol worsens colitis during C. rodentium infection. Surprisingly, calcitriol treatment of infected mice led to increased pathogen burdens, exaggerated tissue pathology and mucosal erosions. In association with their increased susceptibility, calcitriol-treated mice had substantially reduced numbers of Th17 T-cells within their infected colons and defects in their production of the antimicrobial peptide RegIIIγ. In chapter 3, I describe how dietary induced vitamin D3 deficiency also increases susceptibility to C. rodentium infection. Vitamin D3 deficient mice carried higher C. rodentium burdens, developed worsened histological damage and had higher inflammatory tone. Notably, these exaggerated inflammatory responses accelerated the loss of commensal microbes and were associated with an impaired ability to detoxify bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Together, these studies show that vitamin D plays an important role in regulating host response during enteric infection. Vitamin D deficiency impairs host defense, yet treatment with the active vitamin D also suppresses Th17 T-cell responses in vivo, and may impair mucosal host defense against bacteria. These findings have important implications for patients with IBD who suffer from overactive immune responses, yet are also have a high risk of enteric infection.
Additional file 3 of Reducing stiffness of shock-absorbing pylon amplifies prosthesis energy loss and redistributes joint mechanical work during walking
Creators: name: Maun, Jenny Anne
name: Gard, Steven A.
name: Major, Matthew J.
name: Takahashi, Kota Z.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 3. Sound hip power and work. Average power by the sound hip (n = 12) (A) and mechanical work were computed in the entire stance (B) and during each of the four sub-phases: collision (C), rebound (D), preload (E), and push-off (F). Collision (C) showed a stiffness effect. Faster walking speed produced greater work in the entire stance phase (B) and most sub-phases (C-D, F). Overall, the sound limb’s knee produced net positive work in the entire stance phase (B). Significant stiffness, speed, and interaction effects are denoted by ‘*’, ‘ + ’, and ‘x’ symbols, respectively.
Additional file 4 of Reducing stiffness of shock-absorbing pylon amplifies prosthesis energy loss and redistributes joint mechanical work during walking
Creators: name: Maun, Jenny Anne
name: Gard, Steven A.
name: Major, Matthew J.
name: Takahashi, Kota Z.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 4. Results from sound limb ankle–foot, knee, and hip.
MOESM5 of Wedge-shaped microfluidic chip for circulating tumor cells isolation and its clinical significance in gastric cancer
Creators: name: Yang, Chaogang
name: Zhang, Nangang
name: Wang, Shuyi
name: Shi, Dongdong
name: Zhang, Chunxiao
name: Liu, Kan
name: Xiong, Bin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Molecular Biology
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Cancer

description: Additional file 5: Figure S2. CTCs images of various type of cancers.
The effect of schedules of reinforcement on the force and rate of responses during extinction.
Creators: name: Flores, Ofelia Margarit
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Approximately 30 to 40% of individuals diagnosed with autism display problem behaviour (i.e., aggressive behaviour, SIB, property destruction). Problem behaviour is socially stigmatizing and generally a predictor of a poor quality of life. Although force is a defining aspect of problem behaviour, rate is the most frequent measure during behavioural assessment and treatment. With the purpose of examining the influence of schedules of reinforcement on the force and rate of the response during extinction, I conducted two experiments in three individuals diagnosed with autism. Using a reversal design, one participant was exposed to VR5 followed by EXT (Experiment 1); and two participants were exposed to a sequence of VR5+CRF followed by EXT (Experiment 2). Findings of Experiment 1 in Participant 2 showed no clear functional relations between VR5 and the level, trend and variability of force of response during EXT. However, a functional was demonstrated between VR5 and the level, trend and variability of rate of response during EXT. Findings of Experiment 2 in Participant 3 evidenced functional relations between a VR5 + CRF schedule of reinforcement and the level, trend and variability of force and rate of the response during EXT. Participant 4 evidenced a functional relations between VR5 + CRF a decrease in trend, and an increase in variability of force during EXT. In summary, Results across the three participants demonstrated a systematic variance between schedules of reinforcement operating prior to extinction and changes in level, trend, and/or variability in force and rate of the response. Results suggest that force and rate, as a result of the introduction of one or two schedules of reinforcement, varied systematically but differently for each individual. I suggest that clinicians should include a measure of force in addition to rate during the assessment and treatment of problem behaviour. Further research is needed to increase the generality of these results.
Ultra-high-resolution Observations of Persistent Null-point Reconnection in the Solar Corona
Creators: name: Cheng, X.
name: Priest, E. R.
name: Li, H. T.
name: Chen, J.
name: Aulanier, G.
name: Chitta, L. P.
name: Wang, Y. L.
name: Peter, H.
name: Zhu, X. S.
name: Xing, C.
name: Ding, M. D.
name: Solanki, S. K.
name: Berghmans, D.
name: Teriaca, L.
name: Cuadrado, R. Aznar
name: Zhukov, A. N.
name: Guo, Y.
name: Long, D.
name: Harra, L.
name: Smith, P. J.
name: Rodriguez, L.
name: Verbeeck, C.
name: Barczynski, K.
name: Parenti, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic reconnection is a key mechanism involved in solar eruptions and is also a prime possibility to heat the low corona to millions of degrees. Here, we present ultra-high-resolution extreme ultraviolet observations of persistent null-point reconnection in the corona at a scale of about 390 km over one hour observations of the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imager on board Solar Orbiter spacecraft. The observations show formation of a null-point configuration above a minor positive polarity embedded within a region of dominant negative polarity near a sunspot. The gentle phase of the persistent null-point reconnection is evidenced by sustained point-like high-temperature plasma (about 10 MK) near the null-point and constant outflow blobs not only along the outer spine but also along the fan surface. The blobs appear at a higher frequency than previously observed with an average velocity of about 80 km/s and life-times of about 40 s. The null-point reconnection also occurs explosively but only for 4 minutes, its coupling with a mini-filament eruption generates a spiral jet. These results suggest that magnetic reconnection, at previously unresolved scales, proceeds continually in a gentle and/or explosive way to persistently transfer mass and energy to the overlying corona.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures
Spectrally resolved pure rotational lines of water in protoplanetary disks
Creators: name: Pontoppidan, Klaus M.
name: Salyk, Colette
name: Blake, Geoffrey A.
name: Kaufl, Hans Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present ground-based high resolution N-band spectra (Δv = 15 km/s) of pure rotational lines of water vapor in two protoplanetary disks surrounding the pre-main sequence stars AS 205N and RNO 90, selected based on detections of rotational water lines by the Spitzer IRS. Using VISIR on the Very Large Telescope, we spectrally resolve individual lines and show that they have widths of 30-60 km/s, consistent with an origin in Keplerian disks at radii of ~1 AU. The water lines have similar widths to those of the CO at 4.67 micron, indicating that the mid-infrared water lines trace similar radii. The rotational temperatures of the water are 540 and 600K in the two disks, respectively. However, the lines ratios show evidence of non-LTE excitation, with low-excitation line fluxes being over-predicted by 2-dimensional disk LTE models. Due to the limited number of observed lines and the non-LTE line ratios, an accurate measure of the water ortho/para ratio is not available, but a best estimate for AS 205N is ortho/para = 4.5 +/- 1.0, apparently ruling out a low-temperature origin of the water. The spectra demonstrate that high resolution spectroscopy of rotational water lines is feasible from the ground, and further that ground-based high resolution spectroscopy is likely to significantly improve our understanding of the inner disk chemistry recently revealed by recent Spitzer observations.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL
Completions, branched covers, Artin groups and singularity theory
Creators: name: Allcock, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 51K10, Secondary: 53C23, 57N65, 20F36, 14B07

description: We study the curvature of metric spaces and branched covers of Riemannian manifolds, with applications in topology and algebraic geometry. Here curvature bounds are expressed in terms of the CAT(k) inequality. We prove a general CAT(k) extension theorem, giving sufficient conditions on and near the boundary of a locally CAT(k) metric space for the completion to be CAT(k). We use this to prove that a branched cover of a complete Riemannian manifold is locally CAT(k) if and only if all tangent spaces are CAT(0) and the base has sectional curvature bounded above by k. We also show that the branched cover is a geodesic space. Using our curvature bound and a local asphericity assumption we give a sufficient condition for the branched cover to be globally CAT(k) and the complement of the branch locus to be contractible. We conjecture that the universal branched cover of complex Euclidean n-space over the mirrors of a finite Coxeter group is CAT(0). Conditionally on this conjecture, we use our machinery to prove the Arnol'd-Pham-Thom conjecture on K(pi,1) spaces for Artin groups. Also conditionally, we prove the asphericity of moduli spaces of amply lattice-polarized K3 surfaces and of the discriminant complements of all the unimodal hypersurface singularities in Arnol'd's hierarchy.
Groups, cacti and framed little discs
Creators: name: Hepworth, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P48, 18D50, 57T99

description: Let G be a topological group. Then the based loopspace of G is an algebra over the cacti operad, while the double loopspace of the classifying space of G is an algebra over the framed little discs operad. This paper shows that these two algebras are equivalent, in the sense that they are weakly equivalent E-algebras, where E is an operad weakly equivalent to both framed little discs and cacti. We recover the equivalence between cacti and framed little discs, and Menichi's isomorphism between the BV-algebras obtained by taking the homology of the loopspace of G and of the double loopspace of BG.
description: 40 pages
Runout exceedance prediction for open pit slope failures
Creators: name: Whittall, John Russell
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Consequences from recent large open pit slope failures have increased industry and regulatory interest in establishing exclusion zones beneath an impending slope failure. Damaged infrastructure, equipment, and fatalities have resulted despite geotechnical staff effectively identifying the hazard and predicting the timing of the failure. Creating exclusion zones is a common response to reduce risk, however uncertainty remains as to how far they should extend. Advances in natural landslide research have created useful tools for landslide risk management. These tools have clear applications to pit slopes but most have not been tested or validated. This thesis validates empirical runout tools to a dataset of 105 pit slope failures and provides design charts to explicitly account for runout and runout exceedance in emergency response procedures. Results from the analysis presented demonstrate that Fahrböschung angle vs. volume, Fahrböschung angle vs. slope angle, and inundation area vs. volume relationships follow the general trend of established natural landslide models with similar scatter. However differences in liquefiable substrate, topographic confinement, and a clear dependence on material properties and slope angle necessitate a tool calibrated to open pits. Open pit specific linear regressions are provided and a new mobility index is proposed to accommodate the geometric and material constraints affecting mobility. A design tool is provided to map the inundation area back from the estimated deposit toe. These tools are best applied in a probabilistic framework to scale runout to the mine’s tolerable risk level. Runout exceedance probability charts and simple equations are provided to estimate exclusion zones and integrate runout into the mine’s risk management plan.
Precise dd excitations and commensurate intersite Coulomb interactions in the dissimilar cuprate YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x) and La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_4
Creators: name: Huang, Shih-Wen
name: Wray, L. Andrew
name: Shao, Yu-Cheng
name: Wu, Cheng-Yau
name: Wang, Shun-Hung
name: Lee, Jenn-Min
name: Chen, Y-J.
name: Schoenlein, R. W.
name: Mou, C. Y.
name: Chuang, Yi-De
name: Lin, J. -Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using high-resolution extreme ultraviolet resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (EUVRIXS) spectroscopy at Cu M-edge, we observed the doping dependent spectral shifts of inter-orbital (dd) excitations of YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x) and La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_4. With increasing hole doping level from undoped to optimally doped superconducting compositions, the leading edge of dd excitations is found to shift towards lower energy loss in a roughly linear trend that is irrespective to the cuprate species. The magnitude of energy shift can be explained by including a 0.15 eV Coulomb attraction between Cu 3d_(x^2-y^2) electrons and the doped holes on the surrounding oxygens in the atomic multiplet calculations. The consistent energy shift between distinct cuprate families suggests that this inter-site Coulomb interaction energy scale is relatively material-independent, and provides an important reference point for understanding charge density wave phenomena in the cuprate phase diagram.
description: 29 pages; 8 figures. Physical Review B, in press. This paper reveals a Cu 3d-O 2p intersite interaction energy for the first time experimentally. It also explains why Tc of YBCO is higher than that of LSCO
Additional file 1 of Clinical outcomes in patients co-infected with COVID-19 and Staphylococcus aureus: a scoping review
Creators: name: Adalbert, Jenna R.
name: Varshney, Karan
name: Tobin, Rachel
name: Pajaro, Rafael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Search strategies, conducted between July 3, 2021, and July 16, 2021. Total results = 1922. Table S2. Joanna Briggs Quality Assessment for case reports included in the review. Table S3: Joanna Briggs Quality Assessment for case-series included in the review. Table S4. Joanna Briggs Quality Assessment for cohort studies included in the review. Table S5. Excluded articles after full-text analysis, with reason (n = 64).
The role of activin in regulating human trophoblast invasion and vascular mimicry
Creators: name: Li, Yan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: During implantation, extravillous cytotrophoblast (EVT) differentiation follows invasive interstitial and endovascular routes. Aberrant placentation due to restricted trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling is responsible for the pathogenesis of common complications during pregnancy, including miscarriage, preeclampsia and IUGR. Activin A, which is abundantly produced at the maternal-fetal interface, exerts its stimulatory effect in trophoblast invasion. Whether two additional activin isoforms, activin B and AB exert similar effects as activin A in trophoblast invasion remains unknown. We hypothesized that mesenchymal adhesion molecule neural cadherin (N-cadherin) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) play essential roles in activin-induced trophoblast invasion. In addition, the effect of activin A on trophoblast endovascular differentiation has never been studied. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is well recognized as a key regulator in trophoblast endovascular differentiation and activin A has been shown to stimulate VEGF-A expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Whether and how activin A might regulate VEGF-A production in human trophoblasts and its relationship to endovascular differentiation has yet to be determined. An established immortalized EVT cell line HTR8/SVneo and primary cultures of human EVT cells were used as study models. Trophoblast invasiveness and endovascular differentiation were assessed by matrigel-coated transwell assays and endothelial-like tube formation assays following exposure to recombinant human activin. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown approaches were used to investigate the molecular determinants of activin-mediated functions. In summary, our results demonstrate that activin A, B and AB produce comparable increases in human trophoblast cell invasion by up-regulating N-cadherin expression. Activin A induces human trophoblast cell invasion by up-regulating SNAIL-mediated MMP2 expression through ALK4 in a SMAD2/3-SMAD4-dependent manner. In addition, activin A induces human trophoblast cells endothelial-like tube formation by up-regulating VEGF-A expression in a SMAD2/3-SMAD4-dependent manner. Our findings provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the dual effects of activin on human EVTs, and enhance our understanding of the establishment of pregnancy under normal or pathological conditions.
Fast transport asymptotics for stochastic RDEs with boundary noise
Creators: name: Cerrai, Sandra
name: Freidlin, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a class of stochastic reaction-diffusion equations also having a stochastic perturbation on the boundary and we show that when the diffusion rate is much larger than the rate of reaction, it is possible to replace the SPDE by a suitable one-dimensional stochastic differential equation. This replacement is possible under the assumption of spectral gap for the diffusion and is a result of averaging in the fast spatial transport. We also study the fluctuations around the averaged motion.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOP552 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Additional file 1 of Increased expression of pathological markers in Parkinson’s disease dementia post-mortem brains compared to dementia with Lewy bodies
Creators: name: Tu, Haitao
name: Zhang, Zhi Wei
name: Qiu, Lifeng
name: Lin, Yuning
name: Jiang, Mei
name: Chia, Sook-Yoong
name: Wei, Yanfei
name: Ng, Adeline S. L.
name: Reynolds, Richard
name: Tan, Eng-King
name: Zeng, Li
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biochemistry
Medicine
Cell Biology
Neuroscience
Mental Health

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary table and figures.
Stochastic effects in real and simulated charged particle beams
Creators: name: Struckmeier, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Vlasov equation embodies the smooth field approximation of the self-consistent equation of motion for charged particle beams. This framework is fundamentally altered if we include the fluctuating forces that originate from the actual charge granularity. We thereby perform the transition from a reversible description to a statistical mechanics' description covering also the irreversible aspects of beam dynamics. Taking into account contributions from fluctuating forces is mandatory if we want to describe effects like intrabeam scattering or temperature balancing within beams. Furthermore, the appearance of ``discreteness errors'' in computer simulations of beams can be modeled as ``exact'' beam dynamics that is being modified by fluctuating ``error forces''. It will be shown that the related emittance increase depends on two distinct quantities: the magnitude of the fluctuating forces embodied in a friction coefficient $γ$, and the correlation time dependent average temperature anisotropy. These analytical results are verified by various computer simulations.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
A study of methods for learning phylogenies of cancer cell populations from binary single nucleotide variant profiles
Creators: name: Hindalong, Emily Ann
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: An accurate phylogeny of a cancer tumour has the potential to shed light on numerous phenomena, such as key oncogenetic events, relationships between clones, and evolutionary responses to treatment. Most work in cancer phylogenetics to-date relies on bulk tissue data, which can resolve only a few genotypes unambiguously. Meanwhile, single-cell technologies have considerably improved our ability to resolve intra-tumour heterogeneity. Furthermore, most cancer phylogenetic methods use classical approaches, such as Neighbor-Joining, which put all extant species on the leaves of the phylogenetic tree. But in cancer, ancestral genotypes may be present in extant populations. There is a need for scalable methods that can capture this phenomenon. We have made progress on this front by developing the Genotype Tree representation of cancer phylogenies, implementing three methods for reconstructing Genotype Trees from binary single-nucleotide variant profiles, and evaluating these methods under a variety of conditions. Additionally, we have developed a tool that simulates the evolution of cancer cell populations, allowing us to systematically vary evolutionary conditions and observe the effects on tree properties and reconstruction accuracy. Of the methods we tested, Recursive Grouping and Chow-Liu Grouping appear to be well-suited to the task of learning phylogenies over hundreds to thousands of cancer genotypes. Of the two, Recursive Grouping has the strongest and most stable overall performance, while Chow-Liu Grouping has a superior asymptotic runtime that is competitive with Neighbor-Joining.
Ensinar História a alunos com Autismo
Creators: name: Vieira, Helena
Publisher: name: Saber e Educar
Year: 2024

description: O principal objetivo deste trabalho é abrir caminhos para aulas de História mais inclusivas. Aulas nas quais os professores atendem às necessidades de todos os estudantes, mas focando-se nos desafios e oportunidades no ensino de História a alunos com Perturbação do Espectro do Autismo (PEA). Revista a parca literatura específica sobre o ensino de História a alunos com autismo, desenvolveu-se um estudo empírico junto de uma pequena amostra de professores, no sentido de identificar os desafios que estes sentem quando trabalham com estes alunos e algumas das estratégias e recursos pedagógicos e didáticos que utilizam na sua praxis. Os resultados demostram a necessidade de um maior investimento na formação de professores, assim como a urgência na utilização de recursos inclusivos que ainda são desconhecidos por parte dos docentes. Através destas e outras estratégias será possível ultrapassar algumas das dificuldades evidenciadas neste estudo.
description: Saber e Educar, Vol. 33 N.º 1 (2024): Caderno Temático Ensinar e aprender História no século XXI – desafios e potencialidades
Additional file 10 of Constructing xenobiotic maps of metabolism to predict enzymes catalyzing metabolites capable of binding to DNA
Creators: name: Conan, Mael
name: Théret, Nathalie
name: Langouet, Sophie
name: Siegel, Anne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 10.: Metabolism map of MeIQx A representation of the filtered metabolism map of MeIQx with chemical structures.
The First Quiescent Galaxies in TNG300
Creators: name: Hartley, Abigail I.
name: Nelson, Erica J.
name: Suess, Katherine A.
name: Garcia, Alex M.
name: Park, Minjung
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Bezanson, Rachel
name: Nevin, Rebecca
name: Pillepich, Annalisa
name: Schechter, Aimee L.
name: Terrazas, Bryan A.
name: Torrey, Paul
name: Wellons, Sarah
name: Whitaker, Katherine E.
name: Williams, Christina C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify the first quiescent galaxies in TNG300, the largest volume of the IllustrisTNG cosmological simulation suite, and explore their quenching processes and time evolution to z=0. We find that the first quiescent galaxies with stellar masses M_* > 3 x 10^{10} M_sun and specific star formation rates sSFR < 10^{-11} yr^{-1} emerge at z~4.2 in TNG300. Suppression of star formation in these galaxies begins with a thermal mode of AGN feedback at z~6, and a kinetic feedback mode acts in each galaxy by z~4.7 to complete the quenching process, which occurs on a time-scale of ~0.35 Gyr. Surprisingly, we find that the majority of these galaxies are not the main progenitors of their z=0 descendants; instead, four of the five galaxies fall into more massive galaxies in subsequent mergers at a range of redshifts 2.5 < z < 0.2. By z=0, these descendants are the centres of galaxy clusters with average stellar masses of 8 x 10^{11} M_sun. We make predictions for the first quenched galaxies to be located by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Enhancing state estimation in distribution and transmission systems using advanced metering infrastructure
Creators: name: Alimardani, Arash
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: State estimation is the heart of many tools used in operations of distribution and transmission power systems. The quality of distribution systems state estimation (DSSE) typically suffers from a lack of adequate/accurate measurements and has not been fully implemented by many utilities. Recently, as part of many smart grid related initiatives to modernize power systems, electric utilities started to invest in advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) throughout their distribution systems. The main challenge in this area is that AMI measurements are generally not synchronized, and the difference between the measuring times of smart meters can be significant. In generation and transmission systems, the transmission system state estimation (TSSE) is already prevalent in many utilities. However, TSSE typically suffers from four major problems: partial unobservability, numerical ill-conditioning, bad data, and low accuracy. This thesis is based on three contributions. Firstly, an innovative method is developed to incorporate the non-synchronized measurements coming from AMI based on the credibility of each available measurement and appropriately adjusting the statistical property of the measurement signals. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, it is compared with traditional approach used in DSSE and the results show the improvements in the accuracy of DSSE. Next, based on the interconnection of the transmission system and distribution systems at PQ buses (feeder heads), a novel approach in TSSE method is presented which uses the DSSE results to provide additional measurements at the PQ buses of the transmission system. Comparisons between the traditional TSSE and the proposed TSSE show that significant improvements are achieved. The third contribution is the methodology for identification of electricity theft points in distribution systems without violating privacy of consumers. The proposed approach models theft as bad data and consists of two stages. Firstly, the multiple bad data identification problem is solved using a heuristic optimization method to locate the points of theft which have redundant measurements. In the second stage, regarding identification of theft points which do not have redundant measurements, a method is proposed based on the discrepancies between the measured and estimated voltage magnitudes. Simulations results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Hamiltonian dynamics on the symplectic extended phase space for autonomous and non-autonomous systems
Creators: name: Struckmeier, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We will present a consistent description of Hamiltonian dynamics on the ``symplectic extended phase space'' that is analogous to that of a time-\underline{in}dependent Hamiltonian system on the conventional symplectic phase space. The extended Hamiltonian $H_{1}$ and the pertaining extended symplectic structure that establish the proper canonical extension of a conventional Hamiltonian $H$ will be derived from a generalized formulation of Hamilton's variational principle. The extended canonical transformation theory then naturally permits transformations that also map the time scales of original and destination system, while preserving the extended Hamiltonian $H_{1}$, and hence the form of the canonical equations derived from $H_{1}$. The Lorentz transformation, as well as time scaling transformations in celestial mechanics, will be shown to represent particular canonical transformations in the symplectic extended phase space. Furthermore, the generalized canonical transformation approach allows to directly map explicitly time-dependent Hamiltonians into time-independent ones. An ``extended'' generating function that defines transformations of this kind will be presented for the time-dependent damped harmonic oscillator and for a general class of explicitly time-dependent potentials. In the appendix, we will reestablish the proper form of the extended Hamiltonian $H_{1}$ by means of a Legendre transformation of the extended Lagrangian $L_{1}$.
description: 24 pages