cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Elicitation on nominal possession and verbal agreement paradigms
Creators: name: Mendes Sales, Jeidy Mayari
name: Scott, Tessa
name: Sales, Henry
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: mam

description: This is a remote video interview held using Zoom. Henry Sales, a Mam speaker from San Juan Atitán, provides translation between English and Mam using Mam and Spanish.

The elicitation focuses on nominal possession of several nouns, followed by imperfective verbal agreement paradigms of intransitive verbs "walk" and "arrive".

In this file bundle: 1 Zoom video/audio recording, 1 pdf of typed notes.
The (Conference) Interpreter: An Intercultural Mediator at the Crossroads of Competing Narratives. An Intercultural Communication Approach
Creators: name: Leal Lobato, Ana Isabel
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: Brussels Interpreting Market
Competing Narratives
Cultural and Narrative Turn
Intercultural Communication
Interpreted Communicative Event
Interpreting Studies

description: Through an ethnography of the Community of Practice ‘Spanish Conference Interpreters in Brussels’, I gained insight into the translation and communication problems interpreters face derived from intercultural differences. This thesis demonstrates the need for an explicit inclusion of Intercultural Communication into the field of Translation and Interpreting Studies and more specifically into training programs for so&ndashcalled ‘conference interpreters’. To illustrate my claim I provide two case studies of two very common interpreted communicative events in the Brussels’ market that are mediated by the same community of interpreters. The events are: Free Trade Agreements (FTA) negotiations between European and Latin American government delegations and Latin American Indigenous Peoples public hearings at the European Parliament at which those very signings of the FTA’s are denounced. This demonstrates that interpreters are oftentimes at the crossroads of competing discourses informed by different ideologies, cultures, assymetrical power relationships, and the particular social and situational context. All of these factors exert pressure on the development of an interpreted communicative event. In its response to the “cultural and narrative turn” in the field of Interpreting Studies, this thesis advocates the inclusion of ethical, pragmatic, ethnographic and political–economic aspects of critical intercultural communication in the training of future (conference) interpreters in today’s globalized world in which discourses compete for power and legitimacy.
description: Includes 2 .wmv video files.
Spectroscopy of the fractional vortex eigenfrequency in a long Josephson 0-kappa junction
Creators: name: Buckenmaier, K.
name: Gaber, T.
name: Siegel, M.
name: Koelle, D.
name: Kleiner, R.
name: Goldobin, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fractional Josephson vortices carry a magnetic flux Phi, which is a fraction of the magnetic flux quantum Phi_0 ~ 2.07x10^{-15} Wb. Their properties are very different from the properties of the usual integer fluxons. In particular, fractional vortices are pinned and have an oscillation eigenfrequency which is expected to be within the Josephson plasma gap. Using microwave spectroscopy, we investigate the dependence of the eigenfrequency of a fractional Josephson vortex on its magnetic flux $Φ$ and on the bias current. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
description: submitted to PRL
Optical emission lines in the most massive galaxies: morphology, kinematics and ionisation properties
Creators: name: Pagotto, I.
name: Krajnović, D.
name: Brok, M. den
name: Emsellem, E.
name: Brinchmann, J.
name: Weilbacher, P. M.
name: Kollatschny, W.
name: Steinmetz, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To better characterize the upper end of the galaxy stellar mass range, the MUSE Most Massive Galaxies (M3G) Survey targeted the most massive galaxies (M$>10^{12}$ M$_{\odot}$) found in the densest known clusters of galaxies at $z\sim0.046$. The sample is composed by 25 early-type galaxies: 14 BCGs, of which 3 are in the densest region of the Shapley Super Cluster (SSC), and 11 massive satellites in the SSC. In this work we aim at deriving the spatial distribution and kinematics of the gas, and discussing its ionisation mechanism and origin in the optical wavelength range with MUSE data. We fit the continuum of the spectra using an extensive library of single stellar population models and model the emission lines employing up to three Gaussian functions. In the M3G sample, ionized-gas was detected in 5 BCGs, of which one is in the densest region of the SSC, and 6 massive satellites in the SSC. Among these objects, [OI] and [NI] were detected in 3 BCGs and one satellite. The gas is centrally concentrated in almost all objects, except for 2 BCGs that show filaments and 2 massive satellites with extended emission. The emission line profiles of 3 BCGs present red/blueshifted components. The presence of dust was revealed by analysing Balmer line ratios obtaining a mean $E(B-V)$ of 0.2-0.3. The emission-line diagnostic diagrams show predominately LINER line ratios with little contamination from star formation. The gas was detected in 80% of fast rotators and 35% of slow rotators. The orientations of stellar and gaseous rotations are aligned with respect to each other for 60% of satellites and 25% of BCGs. The presence of misalignments points to an external origin of the gas for 3 BCGs and 2 satellites. On the other hand, some of these systems are characterized by triaxial and prolate-like stellar rotation that could support an internal origin of the gas even in case of misalignments.
description: 32 pages, 25 figures, A&A accepted
Adventures in polyene chemistry
Creators: name: Lindeboom, Erik
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Polyenes Synthesis
subject: Alkenes
subject: Organic compounds Synthesis

description: This thesis focuses on the development of new and efficient ways to synthesise diverse families of compounds containing different numbers of alkenes in conjugation. These new approaches involve sequences of cross-coupling reactions. Explorations into the chemical reactivity of these compounds have also been carried out. Chapter 1 is a review of the literature of multi C(sp2)-C(sp2) bond couplings involving alkene reaction partners. Chapter 2 explores the synthesis of dendralenes and certain allenic congeners through a new and efficient cross-coupling protocol. Chapter 3 describes how these novel oligo-alkenes can be used to form multi-cyclic frameworks in an efficient manner. The focus of Chapter 4 is the fundamental hydrocarbon tetravinylethylene and its substituted analogues. Many reviews have been written on cross-coupling chemistry but none survey the literature of one pot, multi C(sp2)-C(sp2) bond couplings involving alkene reaction partners. Chapter 1 is a comprehensive review of the published work in this field. Specifically, this review covers published examples of one pot, 2-, 3- and 4-fold cross-coupling reactions between alkenic nucleophiles and alkenic electrophiles. A new variation on the cross-coupling theme is described in Chapter 2. This one pot, double cross-coupling sequence allows the synthesis of the fundamental hydrocarbon [6]dendralene in greater than ten gram scale. It is also demonstrated that this new synthetic technology allows rapid access to previously inaccessible structures including certain substituted [4]dendralenes and 1-substituted 1-(2'-(1',3'-butadienyl))allenes. Chapter 3 describes the results of an investigation into the reactivity of these novel dendralenes in Diels-Alder reactions with a dienophile. This study reveals the first chemoselective Diels-Alder reactions of [4]dendralenes that led to the isolation of [3]dendralenes. The results of the first study of Diels-Alder reactions of 1-substituted 1-(2'-(1',3'-butadienyl))allenes is also reported in this Chapter. The work in Chapter 4 describes a new synthesis of tetravinylethylene. The synthesis allows a multigram scale preparation of the hydrocarbon through a one pot, 4-fold Stille cross-coupling between the commercially available starting materials tetrachloroethylene and tributyl(vinyl) stannane. This approach also allows access to a variety of substituted tetravinylethylenes and, as such, represents the first general method of preparation for this family. Tetravinylethylene is smoothly converted into 2,3-divinyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene, which reacts with the dienophile N-methylmaleimide to give single, double or triple Diels-Alder adducts in a selective manner. All three Diels-Alder adducts can also be accessed in one pot starting from tetravinylethylene.
On the time evolution of cosmological correlators
Creators: name: Cespedes, Sebastian
name: Davis, Anne-Christine
name: Melville, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Developing our understanding of how correlations evolve during inflation is crucial if we are to extract information about the early Universe from our late-time observables. To that end, we revisit the time evolution of scalar field correlators on de Sitter spacetime in the Schrodinger picture. By direct manipulation of the Schrodinger equation, we write down simple "equations of motion" for the coefficients which determine the wavefunction. Rather than specify a particular interaction Hamiltonian, we assume only very basic properties (unitarity, de Sitter invariance and locality) to derive general consequences for the wavefunction's evolution. In particular, we identify a number of "constants of motion": properties of the initial state which are conserved by any unitary dynamics. We further constrain the time evolution by deriving constraints from the de Sitter isometries and show that these reduce to the familiar conformal Ward identities at late times. Finally, we show how the evolution of a state from the conformal boundary into the bulk can be described via a number of "transfer functions" which are analytic outside the horizon for any local interaction. These objects exhibit divergences for particular values of the scalar mass, and we show how such divergences can be removed by a renormalisation of the boundary wavefunction - this is equivalent to performing a "Boundary Operator Expansion" which expresses the bulk operators in terms of regulated boundary operators. Altogether, this improved understanding of the wavefunction in the bulk of de Sitter complements recent advances from a purely boundary perspective, and reveals new structure in cosmological correlators.
description: 63 pages + 2 appendices, 4 figures
UK-1: ANALOGS TARGETING MAGNESIUM-DEPENDENT NUCLEIC ACID-PROCESSING ENZYMES
Creators: name: Ward, Dawn Nicole
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2009
Subjects: anti-cancer
anti-viral
HCV
HIV-1
UK-1

description: The natural product UK-1 is cytotoxic to a number of cancer cell lines and inhibits DNA topoisomerase II (topo II), an enzyme responsible for altering the topology of DNA. Topo II plays a critical role in strand passage events required for separation of daughter chromosomes during cell division; as a result, this enzyme is an important target for the development of anti-cancer agents. While the mechanism of inhibition for topo II by UK-1 is unknown, there are three known topo II inhibition mechanisms including hindering religation of DNA by binding in the enzyme active site; preventing association of the enzyme with DNA; or preventing ATP hydrolysis through competitively binding the ATPase domain. Competitive binding in the ATPase region of topo II or direct coordination of Mg2+ in the enzyme active site by UK-1 have been speculated as possible modes of action.  A photoactivatable derivative of UK-1 was synthesized to investigate the possible mechanism, by probing for the binding site(s). The covalent interactions, generated by a photochemical reaction, were studied between the enzyme and modified UK-1. The synthesis of a photoactivatable analog and results of possible binding region(s) in human topo II alpha (HT2A) are described. The core structure of UK-1 contains a planar grouping of four Lewis-basic sites that form complexes with divalent metal ions. The metal binding capability of UK-1 was exploited to develop potential inhibitors for the therapeutically important Mg2+-dependent nucleic acid-processing enzymes. Our initial target, HIV-1 integrase (IN) is responsible for incorporation of viral DNA into the host genome.  It contains catalytic Mg2+ ions in its active site that are directly coordinated by diketo acid (DKA) inhibitors.  With the goal of increasing metal coordinating efficiency, compounds were synthesized where the metal coordinating site of DKA inhibitor L-708,906 was replaced with that of UK-1. Since the other possible inhibition mode is competitive binding in the ATPase region, these compounds and UK-1 were also tested for activity against NTPase/Helicase. The syntheses of these inhibitors as well as the results of enzyme inhibition are reported.
Optical Measurement on Quantum Cascade Lasers Using Femtosecond Pulses
Creators: name: Cai, Hong
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014

description: Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) as the state-of-the-art mid-infrared (mid-IR) coherent sources have been greatly developed in aspects such as output power, energy efficiency and spectral purity.  However, there are additional applications of QCLs in high demand, namely mode-locking, mid-IR modulation, etc.  The inherent optical properties and ultrafast carrier dynamics can lead to solutions to these challenges.  In this dissertation, we further characterize QCLs using mid-IR femtosecond (fs) pulses generated from a laser system consisting of a Ti:sapphire oscillator, a Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier, an optical parametric amplifier and a difference frequency generator. We study the Kerr nonlinearity of QCLs by coupling resonant and off-resonant mid-IR fs pulses into an active QCL waveguide.  We observe an increase in the spectral width of the transmitted fs pulses as the coupled mid-IR pulse power increases.  This is explained by the self-phase modulation effect due to the large Kerr nonlinearity of QCL waveguides.  We further confirm this effect by observing the intensity dependent far-field profile of the transmitted mid-IR pulses, showing the pulses undergo self-focusing as they propagate through the active QCL due to the intensity dependent refractive index.  The finite-difference time-domain simulations of QCL waveguides with Kerr nonlinearity incorporated show similar behavior to the experimental results.  The giant Kerr nonlinearity investigated here may be used to realize ultrafast pulse generation in QCLs. In addition, we temporally resolved the ultrafast mid-infrared transmission modulation of QCLs using a near-infrared pump/mid-infrared probe technique at room temperature.  Two different femtosecond wavelength pumps are used with photon energy above and below the quantum well (QW) bandgap.  The shorter wavelength pump modulates the mid-infrared probe transmission through interband transition assisted mechanisms, resulting in a high transmission modulation depth and several nanoseconds recovery lifetime.  In contrast, pumping with a photon energy below the QW bandgap induces a smaller transmission modulation depth but much faster (several picoseconds) recovery lifetime, attributed to intersubband transition assisted mechanisms.  The latter ultrafast modulation (>60 GHz) can provide a potential way to realize fast QCL based free space optical communication.
Link, Hans-Georg / Wohlmuth, Josef (Hrsg.): In alle Ewigkeit verdammt?
Creators: name: Gerhards, Albert
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 70 Nr. 2 (2021): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 70, Heft 2
Determining the Intrinsic Structure of Public Software Development History
Creators: name: Pietri, Antoine
name: Rousseau, Guillaume
name: Zacchiroli, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background. Collaborative software development has produced a wealth of version control system (VCS) data that can now be analyzed in full. Little is known about the intrinsic structure of the entire corpus of publicly available VCS as an interconnected graph. Understanding its structure is needed to determine the best approach to analyze it in full and to avoid methodological pitfalls when doing so. Objective. We intend to determine the most salient network topol-ogy properties of public software development history as captured by VCS. We will explore: degree distributions, determining whether they are scale-free or not; distribution of connect component sizes; distribution of shortest path lengths.Method. We will use Software Heritage-which is the largest corpus of public VCS data-compress it using webgraph compression techniques, and analyze it in-memory using classic graph algorithms. Analyses will be performed both on the full graph and on relevant subgraphs. Limitations. The study is exploratory in nature; as such no hypotheses on the findings is stated at this time. Chosen graph algorithms are expected to scale to the corpus size, but it will need to be confirmed experimentally. External validity will depend on how representative Software Heritage is of the software commons.
description: MSR 2020 - 17th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories, Oct 2020, Seoul, South Korea
Stellar Explosions by Magnetic Towers
Creators: name: Uzdensky, Dmitri A.
name: MacFadyen, Andrew I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a magnetic mechanism for the collimated explosion of a massive star relevant for GRBs, XRFs and asymmetric supernovae. We apply Lynden-Bell's magnetic tower scenario to the interior of a massive rotating star after the core has collapsed to form a black hole with an accretion disk or a millisecond magnetar acting as a central engine. We solve the force-free Grad-Shafranov equation to calculate the magnetic structure and growth of a tower embedded in a stellar environment. The pressure of the toroidal magnetic field, continuously generated by differential rotation of the central engine, drives a rapid expansion which becomes vertically collimated after lateral force balance with the surrounding gas pressure is reached. The collimation naturally occurs because hoop stress concentrates magnetic field toward the rotation axis and inhibits lateral expansion. This leads to the growth of a self-collimated magnetic tower. When embedded in a massive star, the supersonic expansion of the tower drives a strong bow shock behind which an over-pressured cocoon forms. The cocoon confines the tower by supplying collimating pressure and provides stabilization against disruption due to MHD instabilities. Because the tower consists of closed field lines starting and ending on the central engine, mixing of baryons from the cocoon into the tower is suppressed. The channel cleared by the growing tower is thus plausibly free of baryons and allows the escape of magnetic energy from the central engine through the star. While propagating down the stellar density gradient, the tower accelerates and becomes relativistic. During the expansion, fast collisionless reconnection becomes possible resulting in dissipation of magnetic energy which may be responsible for GRB prompt emission.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, accepted to ApJ, updated references and additional discussion added
"My Country Looked Like America": Reflections and Experiences of English Language Learners in an Urban Public School
Creators: name: Tyler, Emily Rae Nelson
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2012
Subjects: English for Speakers of Other Languages
English Language Learners
Ethnography
Intercultural Communication
Language Policy
No Child Left Behind

description: This ethnography takes place in an English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) pull-out classroom in a public elementary school in urban Maryland. During the 2011-2012 school year, I followed five student informants to learn about their lives and experiences. Interviews, observations and reflections are grounded in the context of national, state and local education policy, allowing for a critique of these systems and their application for English Language Learner students. By presenting portraiture-style glimpses into the lives of these five young people, this study provides an example of the ways in which lived experiences both differ from and reflect the discourse surrounding language use in the United States. Ethnographic research methods govern my methodology, reflection and interpersonal interaction in the school setting. Sociolinguistic theory provides a framework for classroom observations, while intercultural communication theory, language policy and education policy ground this work in its specific context.
Total Synthesis and Guanase Inhibition Studies of Azepinomycin and Its Analogs
Creators: name: CHAKRABORTY, SAIBAL
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2011
Subjects: Azepinomycin and transition state analog inhibitors of guanase
Biochemical screening
Chiral seperation of azepinomycin
Imidazo[4
5-e][1
4]diazepine-5
8-dione ring system
Inhibition of guanine deaminase (guanase)
Synthesis

description: The overall objectives of my dissertation project are to (a) provide a convenient and efficient total synthesis of the natural product azepinomycin, a known transition state analog inhibitor of the enzyme guanase, (b) separate and characterize the two enantiomers of azepinomycin, which have never been done before, (c) synthesize both heterocyclic and nucleoside analogs of azepinomycin, (d) determine the Ki of azepinomycin against an isolated mammalian guanase, which has never been done before, (e) assess the Ki's of the mentioned synthetic analogs, and (f) assess the effect of translocation of the 6-OH group of azepinomycin on the enzyme activity. Guanine deaminase (guanase) is an important enzyme involved in the nucleotide metabolism, and therefore, an important target in anticancer, antiviral, and antibacterial therapy. There have been reports of abnormally high levels of serum guanase activity in patients with liver diseases, and with multiple sclerosis. Increased levels of guanase have also been detected in cancerous kidney and breast tissue cells. These observations suggest that a potent guanase inhibitor is necessary for exploring the biochemical mechanisms of the above metabolic disorders as well to understand the specific physiological role played by guanase, and not to mention its potential therapeutic use in treating these disorders. Guanase catalyzes the hydrolysis of guanine to xanthine through an intermediate which contains a quaternary carbon at the site of hydrolysis, with a geminal hydroxy/amino functionality. While many studies on guanase inhibition have been reported in the literature, a potent guanase inhibitor with a submicromolar or nanomolar Ki has yet to be discovered. The natural product azepinomycin, a known transition state analog inhibitor of guanase, has so far been studied only in tissue culture systems. So, while its IC50 value is known, the Ki of azepinomycin against guanase has never been determined biochemically against an isolated pure enzyme. As a step forward in exploring this potent guanase inhibitor, an efficient and convenient synthetic strategy has been developed to access not only azepinomycin but also its two diastereomeric nucleoside analogs. In addition, some [5:7]-fused ring expanded heterocycles containing the imidazo[4,5-e][1,4]-diazepine-5,8-dione ring system, with appropriate substituents mimicking the transition state of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction, have also been successfully synthesized. The biochemical investigations were done to assess their Ki values of all target compounds against a mammalian guanase.
Canonical and Lie-algebraic twist deformations of $κ$-Poincare and contractions to $κ$-Galilei algebras
Creators: name: Daszkiewicz, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose canonical and Lie-algebraic twist deformations of $κ$-deformed Poincare Hopf algebra which leads to the generalized $κ$-Minkowski space-time relations. The corresponding deformed $κ$-Poincare quantum groups are also calculated. Finally, we perform the nonrelativistic contraction limit to the corresponding twisted Galilean algebras and dual Galilean quantum groups.
description: 16 pages, no figures, v3: few changes provided - version for journal, v2: submitted incidentally, v4: the page numbers for all references in preprint version are provided
Resistivity Exponents in 3D-Dirac Semimetals From Electron-Electron Interaction
Creators: name: Wagner, Niklas
name: Ciuchi, Sergio
name: Toschi, Alessandro
name: Trauzettel, Björn
name: Sangiovanni, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the resistivity of three-dimensional semimetals with linear dispersion in the presence of on-site electron-electron interaction. The well-known quadratic temperature dependence of the resistivity of conventional metals is turned into an unusual $T^6$-behavior. An analogous change affects the thermal transport, preserving the linearity in $T$ of the ratio between thermal and electrical conductivities. These results hold from weak coupling up to the non-perturbative region of the Mott transition. Our findings yield a natural explanation for the hitherto not understood large exponents characterizing the temperature-dependence of transport experiments on various topological semimetals.
description: 6 pages, 3 Figures, Suppl. Mat
Validation of Surrogate Endpoints by Bayesian Equivalence Testing
Creators: name: Gopalakrishnan, Mathangi
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: Bayes factors
Calibrated Bayes
Non-parametric equivalence testing
Prentice Criteria
Probit regression

description: Surrogate endpoints are often used in clinical trials to serve as a substitute for a hard to achieve clinically meaningful endpoint.  The surrogate endpoint is expected to predict the effect of the treatment on the true endpoint.   Prentice (1989, Stat Med) proposed a set of criteria for surrogate endpoint validation.  The main criterion is to show the conditional independence of the treatment and the true endpoint in the presence of a surrogate endpoint, and thereby showing that the surrogate endpoint captures the full effect of the treatment.  To prove this criterion, one has to show the failure to reject the null hypothesis (acceptance of null) of conditional independence between treatment and the true endpoint, given a surrogate.  In such settings, one could use an equivalence testing approach.   In this research, an equivalence testing approach is studied for validation of surrogate endpoints using a Bayesian framework.  Both normal endpoints and binary endpoints are evaluated by means of Bayes factors.  The main idea of this research is to obtain an appropriate Bayes factor cutoff value or a rejection threshold, which can then be used to test for equivalence of true and surrogate endpoint.  A calibrated Bayes approach is adopted to evaluate the Bayesian equivalence testing procedure.  The validity of surrogate endpoints is assessed using different set of priors.  The methodology is applied to a simple dataset. An equivalence testing criteria is also proposed for Relative Effect, an alternate measure of surrogacy (Buyse etal, 1998).  In addition, exploratory investigation into non-parametric validation of surrogate endpoint is performed.
Elicitation on verbal agreement paradigms
Creators: name: Aguilar Láinez, Onísimo Basbaldo
name: Scott, Tessa
name: Sales, Henry
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: mam

description: This is a remote video interview held using Zoom. Henry Sales, a Mam speaker from San Juan Atitán, provides translation between English and Mam using Mam and Spanish.

The elicitation focuses on verbal agreement paradigms of the intransitive verb "work" as well as the verb "see" with different subject and object combinations.

In this file bundle: 1 Zoom video/audio recording, 1 pdf of typed notes.
Quantum deep field: data-driven wave function, electron density generation, and atomization energy prediction and extrapolation with machine learning
Creators: name: Tsubaki, Masashi
name: Mizoguchi, Teruyasu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been used to successfully predict molecular properties calculated based on the Kohn--Sham density functional theory (KS-DFT). Although this prediction is fast and accurate, we believe that a DNN model for KS-DFT must not only predict the properties but also provide the electron density of a molecule. This letter presents the quantum deep field (QDF), which provides the electron density with an unsupervised but end-to-end physics-informed modeling by learning the atomization energy on a large-scale dataset. QDF performed well at atomization energy prediction, generated valid electron density, and demonstrated extrapolation. Our QDF implementation is available at https://github.com/masashitsubaki/QuantumDeepField_molecule.
The Structure of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Matrix and the Role of a Membrane component Myristyl Switch Mechanism
Creators: name: Andrews, Kalola Jacquelyn
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010
Subjects: gag
HIV-1
matrix
myristyl
phosphatidyl-inositol-4
5-bisphosphate
SIV

description: Examining the differences and similarities between HIV and SIV retroviral replication systems is important in light of the fact that SIV animal models are used in the development and testing of HIV eradicating drugs and vaccines. One such difference may be the efficiency of Gag directed viral assembly.  Studies with HIV-1 Gag have shown that during the late phase retroviral replication, 1,500-5,000 copies of Gag are targeted to lipid raft sites on the plasma membrane for new virus production.2; 3; 4 The role of MA as a domain of Gag/Gag-Pro-Pol is crucial for viral particle assembly and budding through the synergistic properties of the myristate group and positively charged basic residues of the N-terminus. Work done by Tang et al.5 demonstrated myristylated [myr(+)] HIV-1 MA exists in an equilibrium between a monomeric and trimeric state. Concentration dependent assays done with 2D 1H, 15N-HSQC NMR showed the chemical shift progression of myr(+) HIV-1 MA towards the unmyristylated [myr(-)] HIV-1 MA structure with increasing concentrations of myr(+) MA.  Analytical ultracentrifugation data revealed that myr(-) HIV-1 MA exists as a monomer while the myr(+) HIV-1 MA construct fits a monomer-trimer equilibrium.  Together these data demonstrate that myr(+) HIV-1 MA exists in a monomer-trimer equilibrium that is shifted towards the myr(e) state as myr(+) HIV-1 MA becomes more concentrated.  More recently Saad et al.6; 7 has published two structures showing myr(+)  HIV-1 and HIV-2 MA proteins complexed with a PI(4,5)P2, a phosphoinositide found in the plasma membrane.6; 7 Interestingly however, PI(4,5)P2 was shown to induce myristate exposure for HIV-1, but not for HIV-2.  Furthermore, myr(+) HIV-2 MA was found not to have a concentration dependent mechanism for myristate exposure unlike HIV-1 MA.7  Based on the myr(+) HIV-1 MA/di-C4-PI(4,5)P2 structure, a trimeric membrane model was proposed that suggested that the myristate group and PI(4,5)P2 act to anchor Gag into the plasma membrane during viral assembly.6 In our analysis of the SIV MA structure, we have found that SIV MA shows the same behavior as HIV-2 rather than HIV-1 MA protein.  While the pathogenicity and overall structure remains similar to HIV-1, myr (+) SIV MA does not undergo either a concentration dependent or PI(4,5)P2 induced myristyl switch.  Such differences are important in determining what other structural or cellular factors may be important for efficient viral Gag assembly.
Evaluation as protection : using curriculam evaluation to promote a just distribution of educational resources in a private post-secondary English-language liberal arts institution in Canada for Japanese students which uses a leveled, modular, skills-based mastery-learning entry programme
Creators: name: Reitz, Cheryl Rene
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis examines how one might evaluate the justice of educational resource distribution. It focusses on the criteria of institutional justice formulated by John Rawls: according to these criteria inequality in the distribution of resources is only allowed if it can be shown to benefit all groups, including 'the least favoured'. The thesis also demonstrates how qualitative and quantitative research methods can be combined in order to reach a more accurate and 'just' evaluation. The research, which was conducted at a private post-secondary English - language liberal arts institution in British Columbia for Japanese students, compares annual student growth in English, both before and after the implementation of a three-to-ten-month leveled, modular, mastery-learning program for entry-level students. The research also includes interviews to determine teacher attitudes about the previous and present programs and their effect on students. In both the qualitative and quantitative studies, program effects on high-, medium-, and low-entry ability students are looked at separately (in order to use Rawls' criteria). The context of the research is clarified with short summaries of issues around mastery learning, leveling versus tracking, and Japanese versus western education. The quantitative research finds that, contrary to teacher impressions, the mean improvement for students in the present program is not significantly different from that in the previous program. The qualitative research however, points out important justice implications not revealed by the other study. The thesis concludes that (1) there are some problems with using Rawls' criteria in an educational setting; (2) looking at program effects on three separate ability groupings can reveal trends having justice implications; and (3) assessments of the justice of educational resource distribution should attempt to triangulate with both qualitative and quantitative studies which attempt to answer the same question.
Magnetodielectric effect of Bi6Fe2Ti3O18 film under an ultra-low magnetic field
Creators: name: Lu, J.
name: Qiao, L. J.
name: Ma, X. Q.
name: Chu, W. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Good quality and fine grain Bi6Fe2Ti3O18 magnetic ferroelectric films with single-phase layered perovskite structure have been successfully prepared via metal organic decomposition (MOD) method. Results of low-temperature magnetocapacitance measurements reveal that an ultra-low magnetic field of 10 Oe can produce a nontrivial magnetodielectric (MD) response in zero-field-cooling condition, and the relative variation of dielectric constants in magnetic field is positive, i.e., MD=0.05, when T<55K, but negative with a maximum of MD=-0.14 when 55K
description: 10 pages 4 figures, planned to submit to J. Phys.: Condensed Matter
Statistical Validation of Surrogate Endpoints Using Equivalence Testing
Creators: name: Saraf, Sanatan
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: Generalized confidence intervals
Modified signed log-likelihood ratio
Prentice's criteria
Proportion explained
Relative effect
Surrogate Endpoints

description: In randomized clinical trials, the  evaluation of potential surrogate endpoints is very important, since a successful surrogate endpoint will reduce follow-up trial time and/or  will reduce the number of patients needed to establish a certain treatment effect. We  investigate the statistical validation of different types of surrogate endpoints: continuous and binary.  For statistical validation of continuous endpoints, an alternative formulation is proposed for testing the fourth criterion due to Prentice (1989). The set up considered consists of normally distributed endpoints, and the model used is the bivariate normal model in Buyse and Molenberghs (1998). In such a set up, Prentice's fourth criterion involves inference concerning an appropriate regression parameter, and the criterion holds if the regression parameter is zero. Testing such a null hypothesis has been criticized in the literature since it can only be used to reject a poor  surrogate, and not to validate a good surrogate. In order to circumvent this, an equivalence hypothesis is formulated for the regression parameter, namely the hypothesis that the parameter is equivalent to zero. Such an equivalence hypothesis is formulated as an alternative hypothesis, so that the surrogate endpoint is statistically validated when the null hypothesis is rejected. Confidence intervals for the regression parameter, and tests for the equivalence hypothesis are proposed using bootstrap methods and small sample asymptotics, and their performances are numerically evaluated and recommendations are made. The choice of the equivalence margin is a regulatory issue that needs to be addressed. The proposed equivalence testing formulation is also adopted for other parameters that have been proposed in the literature on surrogate endpoint validation, namely, the relative effect and proportion explained. For the statistical validation of binary endpoints, we consider the logistic regression model used in Buyse and Molenberghs (1998). In the current literature, the regression coefficient associated with the interaction between treatment and the surrogate endpoint is tested first. If the regression coefficient is found to be close to zero, it is dropped from the model and the regression coefficient associated with the surrogate endpoint is then tested. We propose simultaneous testing of the interaction coefficient and the coefficient associated with the surrogate, formulated as an equivalence hypothesis, which when rejected would ensure that the surrogate endpoint is validated. Tests for the hypothesis are proposed using bootstrap methods and generalized confidence intervals, and their performances are numerically evaluated and recommendations are made.
Estimating black hole masses in obscured AGN using X-rays
Creators: name: Gliozzi, Mario
name: Williams, James K.
name: Michel, Dina A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Determining the black hole masses in active galactic nuclei (AGN) is of crucial importance to constrain the basic characteristics of their central engines and shed light on their growth and co-evolution with their host galaxies. While the black hole mass (MBH) can be robustly measured with dynamical methods in bright type 1 AGN, where the variable primary emission and the broad line region (BLR) are directly observed, a direct measurement is considerably more challenging if not impossible for the vast majority of heavily obscured type 2 AGN. In this work, we tested the validity of an X-ray-based scaling method to constrain the MBH in heavily absorbed AGN. To this end, we utilized a sample of type 2 AGN with good-quality hard X-ray data obtained by the nuSTAR satellite and with MBH dynamically constrained from megamaser measurements. Our results indicate that, when the X-ray broadband spectra are fitted with physically motivated self-consistent models that properly account for absorption, scattering, and emission line contributions from the putative torus and constrain the primary X-ray emission, then the X-ray scaling method yields MBH values that are consistent with those determined from megamaser measurements within their respective uncertainties. With this method we can therefore systematically determine the MBH in any type 2 AGN, provided that they possess good-quality X-ray data and accrete at a moderate to high rate.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Letter from Charles H. Cordy to [Frank] Hewer, August 13, 1909
Creators: name: Cordy, Charles H.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Letter to Frank Hewer from Charles H. Cordy, dated August 13, 1909, regarding request for the price of Rye and Wheat and inquiry about his opinion on Chilliwack.
Wetting and Minimal Surfaces
Creators: name: Bachas, Constantin
name: Doussal, Pierre Le
name: Wiese, Kay Joerg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study minimal surfaces which arise in wetting and capillarity phenomena. Using conformal coordinates, we reduce the problem to a set of coupled boundary equations for the contact line of the fluid surface, and then derive simple diagrammatic rules to calculate the non-linear corrections to the Joanny-de Gennes energy. We argue that perturbation theory is quasi-local, i.e. that all geometric length scales of the fluid container decouple from the short-wavelength deformations of the contact line. This is illustrated by a calculation of the linearized interaction between contact lines on two opposite parallel walls. We present a simple algorithm to compute the minimal surface and its energy based on these ideas. We also point out the intriguing singularities that arise in the Legendre transformation from the pure Dirichlet to the mixed Dirichlet-Neumann problem.
description: 22 pages
Synthesis of Masked Monophosphates (Phosphoramidates) to Enhance the Antiviral and Antitumor Potencies of Lead Ring Expanded Nucleosides (RENs)
Creators: name: Motel, William C
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010
Subjects: Phosphoramidates
Ring Expanded Nucleosides
Synthesis

description: Several ring-expanded nucleosides (RENs) previously synthesized in the Hosmane lab have shown potent, broad spectrum antiviral and antitumor activity in vitro with minimal toxicity to the host cells. Numerous literature reports have shown that the biological activity of a vast majority of nucleoside based inhibitors is highly dependent upon their ability to undergo in vivo phosphorylation to their triphosphate analogues by cellular kinases and that most fail in this critical process, making them biologically inactive. It has also been shown that the first phosphorylation of the 5'-hydroxy group of the nucleoside is the critical step in the process due to the high substrate specificity for natural nucleosides of the cellular kinases.6-8 Once the first phosphate group is attached, the cellular machinery performs subsequent phosphorylations in a relatively facile manner.  Finally, existing literature has proven that a totally inactive nucleoside inhibitor can be turned into a highly active compound with the addition of a single phosphate group.  However, once the phosphate group is added, the additional negatively charged anionic species is not able to penetrate the cell membrane, rendering it useless.  This project has taken the existing ring expanded nucleoside inhibitors and optimized them at the 5'-hydroxyl group using a masked monophosphate moiety to overcome the lack of cell membrane penetration due to the anionic character of the phosphate, as well as overcome the all-important first phosphorylation step.
Solo dwarfs III: Exploring the orbital origins of isolated Local Group galaxies with Gaia Data Release 2
Creators: name: McConnachie, Alan W.
name: Higgs, Clare R.
name: Thomas, Guillaume F.
name: Venn, Kim A.
name: Côté, Patrick
name: Battaglia, Giuseppina
name: Lewis, Geraint F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure systemic proper motions for distant dwarf galaxies in the Local Group and investigate if these isolated galaxies have ever had an interaction with the Milky Way or M31. We cross-match photometry of isolated, star forming, dwarf galaxies in the Local Group, taken as part of the {\it Solo} survey, with astrometric measurements from Gaia Data Release 2. We find that NGC 6822, Leo A, IC 1613 and WLM have sufficient supergiants with reliable astrometry to derive proper motions. An additional three galaxies (Leo T, Eridanus 2 and Phoenix) are close enough that their proper motions have already been derived using red giant branch stars. Systematic errors in Gaia DR2 are significant for NGC 6822, IC 1613 and WLM. We explore the orbits for these galaxies, and conclude that Phoenix, Leo A and WLM are unlikely to have interacted with the Milky Way or M31, unless these large galaxies are very massive ($\gtrsim 1.6 \times 10^{12}\,M_\odot$). We rule out a past interaction of NGC 6822 with M31 at $\sim 99.99\%$ confidence, and find there is a $<10$\% chance that NGC 6822 has had an interaction with the Milky Way. We examine the likely origins of NGC 6822 in the periphery of the young Local Group, and note that a future interaction of NGC 6822 with the Milky Way or M31 in the next 4\,Gyrs is essentially ruled out. Our measurements indicate that future Gaia data releases will provide good constraints on the interaction history for the majority of these galaxies.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Corrected Figure 4 and 5