cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Volt-per-Ångstrom terahertz fields from X-ray free-electron lasers
Creators: name: Tanikawa, T.
name: Karabekyan, S.
name: Kovalev, S.
name: Casalbuoni, S.
name: Asgekar, V.
name: Bonetti, S.
name: Wall, S.
name: Laarmann, T.
name: Turchinovich, D.
name: Zalden, P.
name: Kampfrath, Tobias
name: Fisher, A. S.
name: Stojanovic, N.
name: Gensch, M.
name: Geloni, G.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: superradiant emission
subject: terahertz radiation
subject: X-ray free-electron laser
subject: ultrafast phenomena
subject: terahertz control
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: The electron linear accelerators driving modern X-ray free-electron lasers can emit intense, tunable, quasi-monochromatic terahertz (THz) transients with peak electric fields of V Å−1 and peak magnetic fields in excess of 10 T when a purpose-built, compact, superconducting THz undulator is implemented. New research avenues such as X-ray movies of THz-driven mode-selective chemistry come into reach by making dual use of the ultra-short GeV electron bunches, possible by a rather minor extension of the infrastructure.
FINANCIAL RISK IN COTTON PRODUCTION
Creators: name: Wilson, Paul N.
name: Gundersen, Carl E.
name: Wilson, Paul N.
name: Gundersen, Carl E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Risk analysis continues to emphasize price and yield variability as the principal components of the decision-maker's risk environment. This research demonstrates the relative importance of financial risk for a representative cotton farm in Arizona. For highly leveraged operations, financial risk may account for 70 percent of the total risk faced by the producer. Implications for future risk analysis are discussed in light of these findings.
Network of social groups or Let's have a party
Creators: name: Brandau, Marian
name: Trimper, Steffen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple model for growing up and depletion of parties due to the permanent communication between the participants of the events. Because of the rapid exchange of information, everybody is able to evaluate its own and and all other parties by means of the list of its friends. Therefore the number of participants at different parties can be changed incessantly. Depending on the deepness of the social contacts, which will be characterized by a parameter $α$, a stable distribution of party members emerges. At a critical $α_c$ an abrupt depletion of almost all parties is observed and as the consequence all the peoples are assembled at a single party. The model is based on a hierarchical social network. The probability that a certain person is contacted to another one depends on the social distance introduced within the network and homophily parameter $α$.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Local equilibrium charge and spin currents in two-dimensional topological systems
Creators: name: Lima, Leandro R. F.
name: Lewenkopf, Caio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the equilibrium and nonequilibrium electronic transport properties of multiprobe topological systems using a combination of the Landauer-Büttiker approach and nonequilibrium Green's functions techniques. We obtain general expressions for both nonequilibrium and equilibrium local electronic currents that, by suitable projections, allow one to compute charge, spin, valley, and orbital currents. We show that external magnetic fields give rise to equilibrium charge currents in mesoscopic system and study the latter in the quantum Hall regime. Likewise, a spin-orbit interaction leads to local equilibrium spin currents, that we analyze in the quantum spin Hall regime.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures
Tenfold Metalation of Ferrocene: Synthesis, Structures and Metallophilic Interactions in FeC10(HgX)10
Creators: name: Rupf, Susanne Margot
name: Schröder, Gabriel
name: Sievers, Robin
name: Malischewski, Moritz
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: C−H activation
subject: mercury
subject: metalation
subject: metallocenes
subject: metal–metal interactions
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The permercuration of ferrocene was achieved by reacting ferrocene with 10 equivalents of mercury(II) butyrate Hg(O2CC3H7)2 in a facile one‐pot reaction in multi‐gram scale and high yields. The butyrate groups in FeC10(HgX)10 (X=O2CC3H7) can be exchanged by treatment with trifluoro‐ or trichloroacetic acid (X=O2CCF3, O2CCCl3). Substitution of the trifluoroacetate groups by halides (X=Cl, F) proceeds easily in aqueous THF. The completeness of metalation was confirmed by NMR and vibrational spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, as well as elemental analysis. Additionally, the first crystal structures of permetallated metallocenes are presented: FeC10(HgX)10 (X=Cl, O2CCF3, O2CCCl3).
ZONE-BASED GROUP RISK INSURANCE
Creators: name: Wang, H. Holly
name: Wang, H. Holly
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Current country-based group crop insurance, i.e., Group Risk Plan (GRP), is not an effective risk-reducing tool in counties where natural conditions are different across the area. Using only the historical yield information, a statistical approach is developed to group farmers by their yield similarity rather than linking them based on their association with a particular county. The cases of Washington State wheat farms and Iowa corn farms are the focus of this investigation. Sub-county or cross-county zones (clusters) are identified, and each farm is classified into a cluster where individual farm identification remains unknown. To improve risk-management and cost effectiveness of the crop insurance instrument, we propose implementation of zone-based GRP as a substitute for county-based GRP, where homogeneous zones rather than county boundaries are used for indemnifying yield.
Dust sedimentation and self-sustained Kelvin-Helmholtz turbulence in protoplanetary disk mid-planes. I. Radially symmetric simulations
Creators: name: Johansen, Anders
name: Henning, Thomas
name: Klahr, Hubert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform numerical simulations of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in the mid-plane of a protoplanetary disk. A two-dimensional corotating slice in the azimuthal--vertical plane of the disk is considered where we include the Coriolis force and the radial advection of the Keplerian rotation flow. Dust grains, treated as individual particles, move under the influence of friction with the gas, while the gas is treated as a compressible fluid. The friction force from the dust grains on the gas leads to a vertical shear in the gas rotation velocity. As the particles settle around the mid-plane due to gravity, the shear increases, and eventually the flow becomes unstable to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. The Kelvin-Helmholtz turbulence saturates when the vertical settling of the dust is balanced by the turbulent diffusion away from the mid-plane. The azimuthally averaged state of the self-sustained Kelvin-Helmholtz turbulence is found to have a constant Richardson number in the region around the mid-plane where the dust-to-gas ratio is significant. Nevertheless the dust density has a strong non-axisymmetric component. We identify a powerful clumping mechanism, caused by the dependence of the rotation velocity of the dust grains on the dust-to-gas ratio, as the source of the non-axisymmetry. Our simulations confirm recent findings that the critical Richardson number for Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is around unity or larger, rather than the classical value of 1/4
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. Some minor changes due to referee report, most notably that the clumping mechanism has been identified as the streaming instability of Youdin & Goodman (2005). Movies of the simulations are still available at http://www.mpia.de/homes/johansen/research_en.php
THE RISE AND REEMERGENCE OF VIRAL ZOONOTIC DISEASES: A CONFLUENCE OF HUMAN ACTIONS AND MISJUDGMENTS
Creators: name: Kadirova, Dildora
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Zoonotic diseases are illnesses transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans. Although a variety of microbial agents, such as bacteria and parasites, are associated with zoonotic events, viruses constitute a significant proportion of emerging zoonotic diseases. Alarmingly, the 21st century has witnessed a sharp rise in the emergence and re-emergence of viral zoonotic diseases. Despite the millennia-long coexistence of humans and animals, human-driven activities have significantly increased the frequency of interactions between the two, elevating the risk of disease spillover. Factors like climate change, land-use alteration, and wildlife trade directly contribute to the (re-)emergence of these diseases, while globalization, geopolitical influences, and social dynamics facilitate their spread. This opinion piece explores the "intelligent" behavior of viruses and how they exploit anthropogenic factors to drive the (re-)emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases in our modern, interconnected world.
Quantum interactive learning tutorial on the double-slit experiment to improve student understanding of quantum physics
Creators: name: Sayer, Ryan
name: Maries, Alexandru
name: Singh, Chandralekha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Learning quantum mechanics is challenging, even for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students. Research-validated interactive tutorials that build on students' prior knowledge can be useful tools to enhance student learning. We have been investigating student difficulties with quantum mechanics pertaining to the double-slit experiment in various situations that appear to be counterintuitive and contradict classical notions of particles and waves. For example, if we send single electrons through the slits, they may behave as a "wave" in part of the experiment and as a "particle" in another part of the same experiment. Here we discuss the development and evaluation of a research-validated Quantum Interactive Learning Tutorial (QuILT) which makes use of an interactive simulation to improve student understanding of the double-slit experiment and strives to help students develop a good grasp of foundational issues in quantum mechanics. We discuss common student difficulties identified during the development and evaluation of the QuILT and analyze the data from the pretest and post test administered to the upper-level undergraduate and first-year physics graduate students before and after they worked on the QuILT to assess its effectiveness. These data suggest that on average, the QuILT was effective in helping students develop a more robust understanding of foundational concepts in quantum mechanics that defy classical intuition using the context of the double-slit experiment. Moreover, the upper-level undergraduates outperformed physics graduate students on the post test. One possible reason for this difference in performance may be the level of student engagement with the QuILT due to the grade incentive. In the undergraduate course, the post test was graded for correctness while in the graduate course, it was only graded for completeness.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Neospora caninum infection induces an isolate virulence-dependent pro-inflammatory gene expression profile in bovine monocyte-derived macrophages
Creators: name: García-Sánchez, Marta
name: Jiménez-Pelayo, Laura
name: Horcajo, Pilar
name: Collantes-Fernández, Esther
name: Ortega-Mora, Luis Miguel
name: Regidor-Cerrillo, Javier
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Sequences of primers used for transcriptomic validation by RT-qPCR.
AGRICULTURAL AND RECREATIONAL IMPACTS FROM SURFACE FLOW CHANGES DUE TO GOLD MINING OPERATIONS
Creators: name: Lambert, David K.
name: Shaw, W. Douglass
name: Lambert, David K.
name: Shaw, W. Douglass
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Nevada ranks third in the world in gold production. In order to operate the massive open pit gold mines, the State of Nevada granted mining companies a temporary permit to pump groundwater from near the open pits and dispose of it. Certain instream flows have nearly doubled relative to average historical flows in recent years. Following pit closure, surface flows will likely decline from historical levels. This study measures the impacts of these changing water supplies on downstream agricultural and recreational users. We argue that the creation of temporary changes in water rights for the downstream users would likely mitigate future losses both groups are expected to experience.
On the excitation of PG1159-type pulsations
Creators: name: Gautschy, A.
name: Althaus, L. G.
name: Saio, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stability properties are presented of dipole and quadrupole nonradial oscillation modes of model stars that experienced a late helium shell flash on their way to the white-dwarf cooling domain. The computed instability domains are compared with the observed hot variable central stars of planetary nebulae and the GW Vir pulsators.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Control of hot-carrier relaxation time in Au-Ag thin films through alloying
Creators: name: Memarzadeh, Sarvenaz
name: Palm, Kevin J.
name: Murphy, Thomas E.
name: Leite, Marina S.
name: Munday, Jeremy N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The plasmon resonance of a structure is primarily dictated by its optical properties and geometry, which can be modified to enable hot-carrier photodetectors with superior performance. Recently, metal-alloys have played a prominent role in tuning the resonance of plasmonic structures through chemical composition engineering. However, it has been unclear how alloying modifies the time dynamics of generated hot-carriers. In this work, we elucidate the role of chemical composition on the relaxation time of hot-carriers for the archetypal Aux Ag1-x thin-film system. Through time-resolved optical spectroscopy measurements in the visible wavelength range, we measure composition-dependent relaxation times that vary up to 8x for constant pump fluency. Surprisingly, we find that the addition of 2% of Ag into Au films can increase the hot carrier lifetime by approximately 35% under fixed fluence, as a result of a decrease in optical loss. Further, the relaxation time is found to be inversely proportional to the imaginary part of the permittivity. Our results indicate that alloying is a promising approach to effectively control hot-carrier relaxation time in metals.
Additional file 1 of Factors influencing utilization of skilled birth attendant during childbirth in the Southern highlands, Tanzania: a multilevel analysis
Creators: name: Damian, Damian J.
name: Judges Y. Tibelerwa
name: John, Beatrice
name: Philemon, Rune
name: Mahande, Michael J.
name: Msuya, Sia E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1 The Socio-demographic factors influencing the utilization of skilled births attendants during delivery (N = 1777).
Two-step deswelling in the Volume Phase Transition of thermoresponsive microgels
Creators: name: Del Monte, Giovanni
name: Truzzolillo, Domenico
name: Camerin, Fabrizio
name: Ninarello, Andrea
name: Chauveau, Edouard
name: Tavagnacco, Letizia
name: Gnan, Nicoletta
name: Rovigatti, Lorenzo
name: Sennato, Simona
name: Zaccarelli, Emanuela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermoresponsive microgels are one of the most investigated class of soft colloids, thanks to their ability to undergo a Volume Phase Transition (VPT) close to ambient temperature. However, this fundamental phenomenon still lacks a detailed microscopic understanding, particularly regarding the presence and the role of charges in the deswelling process. Here we fill this gap by combining experiments and simulations to show that the microgel collapse does not happen in a homogeneous fashion, but through a two-step mechanism, entirely attributable to electrostatic effects. The signature of this phenomenon is the emergence of a minimum in the ratio between gyration and hydrodynamic radii at the VPT. Thanks to simulations of several microgels with different cross-linker concentrations, charge contents and charge distributions, we build a unifying master-curve able to predict the two-step deswelling. Our results have direct relevance on fundamental soft condensed matter science and on microgel applications ranging from materials to biomedical technologies.
description: main article: 12 pages, 7 figures; supplementary materials: 11 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables
High-Throughput Techniques for Measuring the Spin Hall Effect
Creators: name: Meinert, Markus
name: Gliniors, Björn
name: Gückstock, Oliver Philipp
name: Seifert, Tom S.
name: Liensberger, Lukas
name: Weiler, Mathias
name: Wimmer, Sebastian
name: Ebert, Hubert
name: Kampfrath, Tobias
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Metrology
subject: Spin Hall effect
subject: Spin generation
subject: Spin torque
subject: Spin-orbit coupling
subject: Ferromagnetic resonance
subject: Hall bar
subject: Terahertz spectroscopy
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: The spin Hall effect in heavy-metal thin films is routinely used to convert charge currents into transverse spin currents and can be used to exert torque on adjacent ferromagnets. Conversely, the inverse spin Hall effect is frequently used to detect spin currents by charge currents in spintronic devices up to the terahertz frequency range. Numerous techniques to measure the spin Hall effect or its inverse have been introduced, most of which require extensive sample preparation by multistep lithography. To enable rapid screening of materials in terms of charge-to-spin conversion, suitable high-throughput methods for measuring the spin Hall angle are required. Here we compare two lithography-free techniques, terahertz emission spectroscopy and broadband ferromagnetic resonance, with standard harmonic Hall measurements and theoretical predictions using the binary-alloy series AuxPt1−x as a benchmark system. Despite their being highly complementary, we find that all three techniques yield a spin Hall angle with approximately the same x dependence, which is also consistent with first-principles calculations. Quantitative discrepancies are discussed in terms of magnetization orientation and interfacial spin-memory loss.
THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN PREDICTING ADOPTION OF WIND EROSION CONTROL PRACTICES
Creators: name: Wang, H. Holly
name: Young, Douglas L.
name: Camara, Oumou M.
name: Wang, H. Holly
name: Young, Douglas L.
name: Camara, Oumou M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Logit and ordered probit analyses were used to identify factors associated with reduced tillage adoption, continuous spring cropping, and the number of changes made in response to wind erosion. Contrary to previous results for water erosion control, simple perception of a wind erosion problem or membership in a particular socioeconomic category did not significantly explain adoption of wind erosion control practices, but participating in a targeted educational program did. This educational program: (a) highlighted the threats of wind erosion to human health and to soil productivity, and (b) described specific potentially profitable farming practices for solving the wind erosion problem.
Perfect matchings and perfect powers
Creators: name: Ciucu, Mihai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05

description: In the last decade there have been many results about special families of graphs whose number of perfect matchings is given by perfect or near perfect powers. In this paper we present an approach that allows proving them in a unified way. We use this approach to prove a conjecture of James Propp stating that the number of tilings of the so-called Aztec dungeon regions is a power (or twice a power) of 13. We also prove a conjecture of Matt Blum stating that the number of perfect matchings of a certain family of subgraphs of the square lattice is a power of 3 or twice a power of 3. In addition we obtain multi-parameter generalizations of previously known results, and new multi-parameter exact enumeration results. We obtain in particular a simple combinatorial proof of Bo-Yin Yang's multivariate generalization of fortresses, a result whose previously known proof was quite complicated, amounting to evaluation of the Kasteleyn matrix by explicit row reduction. We also include a new multivariate exact enumeration of Aztec diamonds, in the spirit of Stanley's multivariate version.
description: Corrected journal reference
Additional file 2 of Neospora caninum infection induces an isolate virulence-dependent pro-inflammatory gene expression profile in bovine monocyte-derived macrophages
Creators: name: García-Sánchez, Marta
name: Jiménez-Pelayo, Laura
name: Horcajo, Pilar
name: Collantes-Fernández, Esther
name: Ortega-Mora, Luis Miguel
name: Regidor-Cerrillo, Javier
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Mapped and paired reads by sample against the Bos taurus genome.
Entdeckung und Überreste des von Mōšē bar Kēphā verfaßten Kommentars zur Apostelgeschichte
Creators: name: Võõbus, Arthur
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 62 (1978): Oriens christianus, Band 62
WEATHER-BASED ADVERSE SELECTION AND THE U.S. CROP INSURANCE PROGRAM: THE PRIVATE INSURANCE COMPANY PERSPECTIVE
Creators: name: Ker, Alan P.
name: McGowan, Pat
name: Ker, Alan P.
name: McGowan, Pat
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Surprisingly, investigations of adverse selection have focused only on farmers. Conversely, this article investigates if insurance companies, not farmers, can generate excess rents from adverse selection activities. Currently political forces fashioning crop insurance as the cornerstone of U.S. agricultural policy make our analysis particularly topical. Focusing on El Nino/La Nina and winter wheat in Texas, we simulate out-of-sample reinsurance decisions during the 1978 through 1997 crop years while reflecting the realities imposed by the risk-sharing arrangement between the insurance companies and the federal government. The simulations indicate that economically and statistically significant excess rents may be garnered by insurance companies through weather-based adverse selection.
Using Random Parameters to Account for Heterogeneous Preferences in Contingent Valuation of Public Open Space
Creators: name: Nahuelhual, Laura
name: Loureiro, Maria L.
name: Loomis, John B.
name: Nahuelhual, Laura
name: Loureiro, Maria L.
name: Loomis, John B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: contingent valuation
subject: open space
subject: random parameter logit
subject: willingness to pay

description: To test for preference heterogeneity in dichotomous choice contingent valuation responses, a random parameter logit (RPL) specification is used in this analysis. The RPL model confirms heterogeneity in respondents' preferences for protection of public open space, as reflected in statistically significant standard deviations of the normally distributed random parameters. Results show that while the majority of respondents indicate a positive willingness to pay (WTP), a minority of those surveyed report a negative WTP. Some of this variation in tastes remains even after individual characteristics and attitudinal variables are included in the model.
Gravireggeons and transplanckian scattering in models with one extra dimension
Creators: name: Kisselev, A. V.
name: Petrov, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inelastic scattering of the brane fields induced by $t$-channel gravireggeons exchanges in the RS model with a small curvature $κ$ is considered, and the imaginary part of the eikonal is analytically calculated. It is demonstrated that the results can be obtained from the corresponding formulae previously derived in the ADD model with one extra dimension of the size $R_c$ by formal replacement $R_c \to (πκ)^{-1}$. The inelastic cross section for the scattering of ultra-high neutrino off the nucleon is numerically estimated for the case $κ\ll \bar{M}_5 \sim 1$ TeV, where $\bar{M}_5$ is a reduced Planck scale in five warped dimensions.
description: 17 pages, LaTeX2e, 3 eps figures
Additional file 1 of Exploring factors constraining utilization of contraceptive services among adolescents in Southeast Nigeria: an application of the socio-ecological model
Creators: name: Ezenwaka, Uchenna
name: Chinyere Mbachu
name: Nkoli Ezumah
name: Eze, Irene
name: Chibuike Agu
name: Ifunanya Agu
name: Obinna Onwujekwe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. IDI guide for policymakers and influencers of adolescent SRH.
Incorporating Environmental Impacts in the Measurement of Agricultural Productivity Growth
Creators: name: Ball, V. Eldon
name: Lovell, C.A. Knox
name: Luu, H.
name: Nehring, Richard F.
name: Ball, V. Eldon
name: Lovell, C.A. Knox
name: Luu, H.
name: Nehring, Richard F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: environmental impacts
subject: productivity growth

description: Agricultural production is known to have environmental impacts, both adverse and beneficial, and it is desirable to incorporate at least some of these impacts in an environmentally sensitive productivity index. In this paper, we construct indicators of water contamination from the use of agricultural chemicals. These environmental indicators are merged with data on marketed outputs and purchased inputs to form a state-by-year panel of relative levels of outputs and inputs, including environmental impacts. We do not have prices for these undesirable by products, since they are not marketed. Consequently, we calculate a series of Malmquist productivity indexes, which do not require price information. Our benchmark scenario is a conventional Malmquist productivity index based on marketed outputs and purchased inputs only. Our comparison scenarios consist of environmentally sensitive Malmquist productivity indexes that include indicators of risk to human health and to aquatic life from chronic exposure to pesticides. In addition, we derive a set of virtual prices of the undesirable by-products that can be used to calculate an environmentally sensitive Fisher index of productivity change.
Coherent States Expectation Values as Semiclassical Trajectories
Creators: name: Dias, N. C.
name: Mikovic, A.
name: Prata, J. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the time evolution of the expectation value of the anharmonic oscillator coordinate in a coherent state as a toy model for understanding the semiclassical solutions in quantum field theory. By using the deformation quantization techniques, we show that the coherent state expectation value can be expanded in powers of $\hbar$ such that the zeroth-order term is a classical solution while the first-order correction is given as a phase-space Laplacian acting on the classical solution. This is then compared to the effective action solution for the one-dimensional $\f^4$ perturbative quantum field theory. We find an agreement up to the order $ł\hbar$, where $ł$ is the coupling constant, while at the order $ł^2 \hbar$ there is a disagreement. Hence the coherent state expectation values define an alternative semiclassical dynamics to that of the effective action. The coherent state semiclassical trajectories are exactly computable and they can coincide with the effective action trajectories in the case of two-dimensional integrable field theories.
description: 20 pages, no figures
Additional file 2 of Exploring factors constraining utilization of contraceptive services among adolescents in Southeast Nigeria: an application of the socio-ecological model
Creators: name: Ezenwaka, Uchenna
name: Chinyere Mbachu
name: Nkoli Ezumah
name: Eze, Irene
name: Chibuike Agu
name: Ifunanya Agu
name: Obinna Onwujekwe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. FGD guide for village heads.
Model Selection for Discrete Dependent Variables: Better Statistics for Better Steaks
Creators: name: Norwood, F. Bailey
name: Lusk, Jayson L.
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Norwood, F. Bailey
name: Lusk, Jayson L.
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: discrete dependent variables
subject: forecasting
subject: likelihood functions
subject: model selection
subject: out-of-sample
subject: quality grades
subject: receiver-operator curves

description: Little research has been conducted on evaluating out-of sample forecasts of discrete dependent variables. This study describes the large and small sample properties of two forecast evaluation techniques for discrete dependent variables: receiver-operator curves and out-of-sample log-likelihood functions. The methods are shown to provide identical model rankings in large samples and similar rankings in small samples. The likelihood function method is better at detecting forecast accuracy in small samples. By improving forecasts of fed cattle quality grades, the forecast evaluation methods are shown to increase cattle marketing revenues by $2.59/head.
Properties of 1D two-barrier quantum pump with harmonically oscillating barriers
Creators: name: Mahmoodian, M. M.
name: Braginskii, L. S.
name: Entin, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a one-dimensional quantum pump composed of two oscillating delta-functional barriers. The linear and non-linear regimes are considered. The harmonic signal applied to any or both barriers causes the stationary current. The direction and value of the current depend on the frequency, distance between barriers, value of stationary and oscillating parts of barrier potential and the phase shift between alternating voltages.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
The impact of students' epistemological framing on a task requiring representational consistency
Creators: name: Maries, Alexandru
name: Lin, Shih-Yin
name: Singh, Chandralekha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to flexibly transform between different representations (e.g., from mathematical to graphical representations) of the same concept is a hallmark of expertise. Prior research suggests that many introductory physics students show lack of representational consistency, e.g., they may construct two representations of the same concept in the same situation that are inconsistent with one another. In this case study, we asked students to construct two representations for the electric field for a situation involving Gauss's law with spherical symmetry (charge conducting sphere surrounded by charged conducting spherical shell). Prior research also suggests that this type of problem results in many students constructing representations that are not consistent with one another. Here we present findings from individual interviews with three students about this problem which suggest that students' lack of representational consistency may be partly attributed to the type of knowledge that the graphical and mathematical representations trigger. In the epistemic games framework terminology, the two representations students are asked to construct (mathematical vs. graphical) in the problem may contribute to their lack of representational consistency.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
TBA equations for the mass gap in the O(2r) non-linear sigma-models
Creators: name: Balog, J.
name: Hegedus, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose TBA integral equations for 1-particle states in the O(n) non-linear sigma-model for even n. The equations are conjectured on the basis of the analytic properties of the large volume asymptotics of the problem, which is explicitly constructed starting from Luscher's asymptotic formula. For small volumes the mass gap values computed numerically from the TBA equations agree very well with results of three-loop perturbation theory calculations, providing support for the validity of the proposed TBA system.
description: 24 pages, LaTeX
Experimental quantum-enhanced response function estimation
Creators: name: Gianani, Ilaria
name: Albarelli, Francesco
name: Cimini, Valeria
name: Barbieri, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Characterizing a system often demands learning its response function to an applied field. Such knowledge is rooted on the experimental evaluation of punctual fiducial response and interpolation to access prediction at arbitrary values. Quantum metrological resources are known to provide enhancement in assessing these fiducial points, but the implications for improved function estimation have only recently been explored, and have not been yet demonstrated. Here we show an experimental realization of function estimation based on a photonic achitecture. The phase response of a liquid-crystal to a voltage has been reconstructed by means of quantum and classical phase estimation, providing evidence of the superiority of the former and highlighting the interplay between punctual statistical error and interpolation error. Our results show how quantum resources should successfully be employed to access the rich information contained in continuous signals.
An Atlas of K-line Spectra for Cool Magnetic CP Stars: The Wing-Nib Anomaly (WNA)
Creators: name: Cowley, C. R.
name: Hubrig, S.
name: Kamp, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a short atlas illustrating the unusual Ca {\sc ii} K-line profiles in upper main sequence stars with anomalous abundances. Slopes of the profiles for 10 cool, magnetic chemically peculiar (CP) stars change abruptly at the very core, forming a deep "nib." The nibs show the same or nearly the same radial velocity as the other atomic lines. The near wings are generally more shallow than in normal stars. In three magnetic CP stars, the K-lines are too weak to show this shape, though the nibs themselves are arguably present. The Ca {\sc ii} H-lines also show deep nibs, but the profiles are complicated by the nearby, strong H$ε$ absorption. The K-line structure is nearly unchanged with phase in $β$ CrB and $α$ Cir. Calculations, including NLTE, show that other possibilities in addition to chemical stratification may yield nib-like cores.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, and 8 figures; accepted for publication in ApJS
U.S. Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Flavor and Tenderness in Steaks as Determined with an Experimental Auction
Creators: name: Feuz, Dillon M.
name: Umberger, Wendy J.
name: Calkins, Chris R.
name: Sitz, Bethany M.
name: Feuz, Dillon M.
name: Umberger, Wendy J.
name: Calkins, Chris R.
name: Sitz, Bethany M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: beef
subject: country of origin
subject: experimental auctions
subject: marbling
subject: tenderness

description: In a study of beef quality, consumers tasted steak samples and participated in an experimental auction to determine their willingness to pay. Steaks differed in marbling, tenderness, country of origin, and aging method. Marbling and tenderness had statistically significant impacts on consumers' palatability ratings for steaks. Tenderness significantly impacted consumers' willingness-to pay values. There appear to be threshold levels of marbling and tenderness, below which consumers discount steaks. Steaks from Australia were rated lower for overall acceptability, and bids were lower than for the U.S. steak samples. Dry-aging methods negatively impacted taste panel ratings and bids.
Additional file 1 of The decisive role of molecular pathology in presumed somatic metastases of type II testicular germ cell tumors: report of 2 cases
Creators: name: Kranendonk, Mariëtte E. G.
name: Hackeng, Wenzel M.
name: G. Johan A. Offerhaus
name: Morsink, Folkert H. M.
name: Jonges, Geertruida N.
name: Groenewegen, Gerard
name: Pieter-Jaap Krijtenburg
name: Heinz-Josef Klümpen
name: Leng, Wendy W. J. De
name: Looijenga, Leendert H. J.
name: Brosens, Lodewijk A. A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Materials. The following are available online at www.mdpi.com/xxx/s1 , Figure S1. SNP array analysis of the teratomatous TGCT and the peritoneal metastasis of case 2.
Multi-strange baryon elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)= 200 GeV
Creators: name: STAR Collaboration
name: Adams, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the first measurement of elliptic flow $v_2(p_T)$ of multi-strange baryons $Ξ+\bar{Xi}$ and $Ω+\bar{Omega} in heavy-ion collisions. In minimum bias Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV, a significant amount of elliptic flow, comparable to other non-strange baryons, is observed for multi-strange baryons which are expected to be particularly sensitive to the dynamics of the partonic stage of heavy-ion collisions. The $p_T$ dependence of $v_2$ of the multi-strange baryons confirms the number of constituent quark scaling previously observed for lighter hadrons. These results support the idea that a substantial fraction of the observed collective motion is developed at the early partonic stage in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions at RHIC.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PRL
The Relationship Between Stellar and Black-Hole Mass in Submillimeter Galaxies
Creators: name: Borys, C.
name: Smail, Ian
name: Chapman, S. C.
name: Blain, A. W.
name: Alexander, D. M.
name: Ivison, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze deep X-ray, optical and mid-infrared Spitzer observations of the CDF-N/GOODS-N region to study 13 submillimeter-detected galaxies (SMGs) with spectroscopic redshifts (median z=2.2). We find a correlation between the estimated stellar and X-ray luminosity, implying that masses of the black holes may be related to the stellar masses of their host galaxies. Although the submillimeter emission implies that these galaxies are undergoing an epoch of intense star-formation, the Spitzer data reveal a massive stellar population already in place. These stellar masses are then compared to previously published black hole mass estimates derived from the X-ray luminosities under the assumption of Eddington-limit accretion. We find that the black hole masses for our high-redshift sample are approximately 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than galaxies of comparable stellar mass in the local Universe. Although our estimates of black hole masses will increase if the accretion is sub-Eddington, and our stellar masses will decrease if we assume a much younger stellar population or a different initial mass function, we find that only through a combination of effects is it possible to shift the high redshift galaxies such that they lie on the local relation. This suggests that the black holes need to grow substantially between z=2.2 and the present-day, with much of the black hole growth occurring after the current obscured, far-infrared luminous phase of activity which is likely associated with the formation of the spheroid. This interpretation supports a scenario where SMGs pass through a subsequent accretion-dominated phase, where they would appear as optically bright quasars. (ABRIDGED)
description: 12 Pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
X-ray spectroscopy in the microcalorimeter era I: Effects of Fe XXIV Resonance Auger Destruction on Fe XXV K$α$ spectra
Creators: name: Chakraborty, P.
name: Ferland, G. J.
name: Chatzikos, M.
name: Guzmán, F.
name: Su, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the importance of Fe$^{23+}$ in determining the line intensities of the Fe XXV K$α$ complex in an optically thick cloud, and investigate the prediction of Liedahl (2005) on Resonance Auger Destruction (RAD) with CLOUDY. Although initially motivated by the Perseus cluster, our calculations are extended to the wide range of column densities encountered in astronomy. A Fe XXV line photon can change/lose its identity upon absorption by three-electron iron as a result of "line interlocking". This may lead to the autoionization of the absorbing ion, ultimately destroying the Fe XXV K$α$ photon by RAD. Out of the four members in the Fe XXV K$α$ complex, a significant fraction of the x line photons is absorbed by Fe$^{23+}$ and destroyed, causing the x line intensity to decrease. For example, at a hydrogen column density of 10$^{25}$ cm$^{-2}$, $\sim$ 32\% of x photons are destroyed due to RAD while w is mostly unaffected. The line intensity of y is slightly ($\leq$2\%) reduced. z is not directly affected by RAD, but the contrasting behavior between z and x line intensities points towards the possible conversion of a tiny fraction ($\sim$ 2\%) of x photons into z photons. The change in line intensities due to Electron Scattering Escape (ESE) off fast thermal electrons is also discussed.
Extended Born-Infeld Dynamics and Cosmology
Creators: name: Novello, M.
name: Makler, M.
name: Werneck, L. S.
name: Romero, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an extension of the Born-Infeld action for a scalar field and show that it can act as unifying-dark-matter, providing an explanation for both structure formation and the accelerated expansion of the universe. We investigate the cosmological dynamics of this theory in a particular case, referred as the "Milne-Born-Infeld" (MBI) Lagrangian. We show that this model, whose equation of state has effectively a single free parameter, is consistent with recent type Ia supernovae data, providing a fit as good as for the $Λ$CDM model with the same number of degrees of freedom. Furthermore, this parameter is tightly constrained by current data, making the model easily testable with other observables. Contrary to previous candidates for unifying-dark-matter, the sound velocity of the MBI model is vanishing both close to the dark matter state as well as near the cosmological constant state. This could avoid the problems on the matter power spectrum that were present in previous adiabatic dark-matter/dark-energy unification models. We also present a short discussion on the causal propagation in nonlinear scalar field theories such as the one proposed here.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Additional file 1 of Are diabetes self-management programmes for the general diabetes population effective for people with severe mental illness?: a systematic review
Creators: name: Coxon, Anne
name: McBain, Hayley
name: Pavlova, Neli
name: Rowlands, Hannah
name: Mulligan, Kathleen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Search terms.