cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The pure braid groups and their relatives
Creators: name: Suciu, Alexander I.
name: Wang, He
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F36, 16S37, 20F14, 20F40, 20J05, 55P62, 57M07

description: In this mostly survey paper, we investigate the resonance varieties, the lower central series ranks, and the Chen ranks, as well as the residual and formality properties of several families of braid-like groups: the pure braid groups $P_n$, the welded pure braid groups $wP_n$, the virtual pure braid groups $vP_n$, as well as their `upper' variants, $wP_n^+$ and $vP_n^+$. We also discuss several natural homomorphisms between these groups, and various ways to distinguish among the pure braid groups and their relatives.
description: 24 pages; expanded version, to appear in the proceedings of the intensive research period on Perspectives in Lie theory (Pisa, 2015), Springer INdAM series
Rear-Surface Laser Contact Opening Design Optimization for PERC Solar Cells
Creators: name: Picard, E.
name: Pirot, M.
name: Monna, R.
name: Dubois, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Silicon Photovoltaics
Homojunction Solar Cells

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 641-645
description: This paper reports on the analysis of the photovoltaic (PV) potential of PERC structures and focuses on the
carrier recombination and series resistance related losses caused by the back-side Al-Si local contacts. More precisely, we
propose a 3-steps procedure to define a process window for the back-side LCO (Laser Contact Opening) design of a PERC
solar cell. This method takes into account the 3 main PV performance limitations coming from the LCO design: void
occurrence limitation, lateral resistance limitation and carrier recombination limitation. The proposed procedure starts with
a simplified determination of the substrate main bulk properties followed by an evaluation of surfaces recombination
parameters via symmetrical and asymmetrical passivated structures based on high quality p-type Cz wafers. Then, the void
occurrence is addressed with a specific approach combining variations of the opening width and changes in the firing
temperature, supported by LBIC (Light Beam Induced Current) analyses (for voids density calculation) and illuminated IV
measurements. Eventually, an experimental matrix modulates the LCO fraction (for an opening width and firing conditions
limiting void occurrence) in order to define the good trade-off between low lateral resistances and reduced carrier
recombination at the Al-BSF/Si interface. By applying these optimization procedures, PERC cells with Voc above 665 mV
were fabricated with performances essentially limited by front-surface and bulk recombinations.
title: From the Oikonomia of Classical Antiquity to Our Modern Economy
title: Literary-theoretical Transformations of Social Models
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Därmann, Iris
name: Frank, Susanne
name: Hinsch, Moritz
name: Keller, Wolfram
name: Lobsien, Verena
name: Lucci, Antonio
name: Pfeiffer, Helmut
name: Skowronek, Thomas
name: Spahn, Peter
name: Vogl, Joseph
name: Welgen, Thorsten
name: Winterling, Aloys
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Chrematistics
subject: literary economies
subject: (neo-)liberalism
subject: oikonomia
subject: political economy
subject: political theory
subject: sovereignty
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie

description: This study investigates transformations of classical antiquity oikonomia and chrematistics from the Middle Ages to the present-day.From an ancient- historical, philosophical, literary and cultural-science perspective, it reconstructs exemplary acquisitions and reinterpretations of economic knowledge. The study argues that the modern economy has benefited from transformation relationships with the oikonomia of classical antiquity, which exhibit no unambiguously economic, efficient and profit-maximising character. For this reason, in addition to actual historical aspects, our interest also includes issues relating to the poetology of economic knowledge, the metaphorology and scenaristics of the house, the theoretical, narrative and literary representation economies and the promotion of ‘economy’ to an ordering category per se.
Light Induced Degradation – Defect Gettering at Grain Boundaries
Creators: name: Luka, T.
name: Turek, M.
name: Großer, S.
name: Hagendorf, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Silicon Photovoltaics
Homojunction Solar Cells

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 413-417
description: Under illumination, multi-crystalline PERC solar cells may suffer from a severe efficiency loss up to 20
%rel induced by carrier injection at elevated temperatures which is known as LeTID. Our experiments reveal that LeTID
degradation and regeneration occurs rather homogeneously throughout the cell. However, structural defects as grain
boundaries are less affected by LeTID during the entire degradation and regeneration process. Based on these results, a
gettering of impurities, which are involved in LeTID, during crystallization or cell processing is most likely. It is shown
that this effect cannot be explained by a slower degradation at grain boundaries due a to locally reduced charge carrier
density or a laterally inhomogeneous regeneration through defect gettering at grain boundaries during the LeTID. The getter
range was determined to be around 200-250 μm based on conventional LBIC, supplemented by high-resolution μLBIC at
an enhanced lateral resolution of 2-3μm. The maximum getter range of different impurities during the cooling after the
firing step was estimated. The calculations indicated that if the LeTID impurity gettering occurs during the firing step then
a fast diffuser in silicon (Cu, H, Ni, Co) has to be involved.
Study of isospin eigenstates of the pentaquark molecular states with strangeness
Creators: name: Wang, Xiu-Wu
name: Wang, Zhi-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the paper, we construct eight color singlet-singlet type five-quark currents with distinguished isospins to study the $\bar{D}Ξ^{\prime}$, $\bar{D}Ξ_c^{*}$, $\bar{D}^{*}Ξ_c^{\prime}$ and $\bar{D}^{*}Ξ_c^{*}$ molecular states with strangeness via the QCD sum rules. Numerical results show that the central values of the pentaquark masses with higher (lower) isospin are slightly above (below) the thresholds of the corresponding meson-baryon pairs, and support assigning the $P_{cs}(4459)$ as the $\bar{D}Ξ_c^{*}$ molecular state with the quantum numbers $IJ^P=0{\frac{3}{2}}^-$. The other predictions can be confronted to the experimental data in the future.
Room-temperature magnetic topological semimetal state in half-metallic Heusler Co$_2$TiX (X=Si, Ge, or Sn)
Creators: name: Chang, Guoqing
name: Xu, Su-Yang
name: Zheng, Hao
name: Singh, Bahadur
name: Hsu, Chuang-Han
name: Belopolski, Ilya
name: Sanchez, Daniel S.
name: Bian, Guang
name: Alidoust, Nasser
name: Lin, Hsin
name: Hasan, M. Zahid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological semimetals (TSMs) including Weyl semimetals and nodal-line semimetals are expected to open the next frontier of condensed matter and materials science. Although the first inversion breaking Weyl semimetal was recently discovered in TaAs, its magnetic counterparts, i.e., the time-reversal breaking Weyl and nodal line semimetals, remain elusive. They are predicted to exhibit exotic properties distinct from the inversion breaking TSMs including TaAs. In this paper, we identify the magnetic topological semimetal state in the ferromagnetic half-metal compounds Co$_2$TiX (X=Si, Ge, or Sn) with Curie temperatures higher than 350 K. Our first-principles band structure calculations show that, in the absence of spin-orbit coupling, Co$_2$TiX features three topological nodal lines. The inclusion of spin-orbit coupling gives rise to Weyl nodes, whose momentum space locations can be controlled as a function of the magnetization direction. Our results not only open the door for the experimental realization of topological semimetal states in magnetic materials at room temperatures, but also suggest potential applications such as unusual anomalous Hall effects in engineered monolayers of the Co$_2$TiX compounds at high temperatures.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, and 1 table
The Trialectics of Knowledge, Space and Identity in Ancient Civilizations and in the Study of Antiquity
Creators: name: Klinger, Jörg
name: Hofmann, Kerstin P.
name: Bernbeck, Reinhard
name: Grozdanova, Lily
name: Longo, Federico
name: Peter, Ulrike
name: Schreiber, Stefan
name: Wiedemann, Felix
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Numismatics
subject: Hittites
subject: knowledge
subject: identity
subject: ritual
subject: space
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie

description: Topoi research group B-4 Space – Identity – Locality focuses its research on the interconnections between knowledge, space and identities. A multiplicity of sources – texts, images, architecture and objects – are analyzed both in their historical context and for their historiographic value. Following a brief description of the projects, key concepts of knowledge, space and identity are outlined as they relate to our specific research themes. We use ‘trialectics’ to emphasize that knowledge, space and identity constitute and influence each other. Concrete configurations of this constantly changing interplay of factors are illustrated by two case studies – the ritual compositions from Kizzuwatna (present southern Turkey) and the coin hoard of Krepost (present Bulgaria).
Integer solutions to the anomaly equations for a class of chiral gauge theories
Creators: name: Podo, Alessandro
name: Revello, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find all the integer charge solutions to the equations for the cancellation of local gauge anomalies in a class of gauge theories which extend the Standard Model (SM) by a gauge group of the form $G \times U(1)$, where $G$ is an arbitrary semisimple compact Lie group. The SM fermions are assumed to be neutral under $G \times U(1)$ gauge interactions, while the new fermions transform in non-trivial representations of both the new and the SM gauge groups. Our analysis is valid also when the latter is embedded in an arbitrary semisimple compact Lie group. Theories with this structure have been recently studied as models of composite axions based on accidental symmetries and can provide a field theory resolution to the axion quality problem. We apply our results to cases of phenomenological interest and prove the existence of charge assignments with Peccei-Quinn symmetry protected up to dimension 18.
description: 30 pages. v2: one reference added and typos fixed. v3: improved discussion and added references in the introduction, results unchanged. Matches with published version
Effectiveness of the IEC 60904-9 Spectral Match Classification for Industrially-Relevant Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Wilterdink, H.
name: Sinton, R.
name: Blum, A.
name: Schneller, E.
name: Davis, K.O.
name: Field, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Silicon Photovoltaics
Manufacturing & Production

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 300-304
description: Solar simulator spectral class (determined by IEC 60904-9) does not correlate strongly to measurement
uncertainty when measuring current-voltage (I-V) curves or rating the power of photovoltaic (PV) devices. An
assessment of measurement uncertainty for these applications requires consideration of other factors besides the
simulator spectrum. In this paper, we conduct a relatively simple uncertainty assessment for errors related to spectral
mismatch, using methods based on IEC 60904-7 and statistical sampling theory. We demonstrate how such an
assessment could be applied to a production line environment for silicon solar cells or modules.
title: Boundaries, Borders and Frontiers
title: Contemporary and Past Perspectives
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Langer, Christian
name: Fernández-Götz, Manuel
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: boundaries
subject: borders
subject: frontiers
subject: identities
subject: interconnection
subject: Ancient Egypt
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie::930 Geschichte des Altertums bis ca. 499, Archäologie

description: Boundaries are a complex topic, with different categories being distinguishable depending on the language and with a number of terms often used interchangeably. This discussion paper offers an overview on definitions and introduces different types of boundaries such as geographic, political and social. Drawing on disciplines as varied as border studies, international relations, post-/decolonial thought, and on examples from anthropological fieldwork, insights can be derived for archaeological approaches. In this context, the role of boundaries in the dynamic construction of ethnic identities is highlighted. A discussion of ancient Egyptian terms and concepts of political boundaries underlines the comparative potential of studies in premodern political thought and lived experience.
Leading and Subleading UV Divergences in Scattering Amplitudes for D=8 N=1 SYM Theory in All Loops
Creators: name: Kazakov, D. I.
name: Vlasenko, D. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the leading and subleading UV divergences for the four-point on-shell scattering amplitudes in D=8 N=1 sypersymmetric Yang-Mills theory within the spinor-helicity and superfield formalism. This theory belongs to the class of maximally supersymmetric gauge theories and presumably possesses distinguished properties beyond perturbation theory. We obtain the recursive relations that allow one to get the leading and subleading divergences in all loops in a pure algebraic way staring from the one loop (for the leading poles) and two loop (for the subleading ones) diagrams. As a particular example where the recursive relations have a simple form we consider the ladder type diagrams. The all loop summation of the leading and subleading divergences is performed with the help of the differential equations which are the generalization of the RG equations for non-renormalizable theories. They have explicit solutions for the ladder type diagrams. We discuss the properties of the obtained solutions and interpretation of the results.
description: PdfLatex, 16 pages, 5 figures, supplementary Math file
Orbital magnetism of ultracold fermionic gases in a lattice: dynamical mean-field approach
Creators: name: Cichy, Agnieszka
name: Sotnikov, Andrii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study finite-temperature properties of ultracold four-component mixtures of alkaline-earth-like atoms in optical lattices that can be effectively described by the two-band spin-$1/2$ Hubbard model including the Hund's exchange coupling term. Our main goal is to investigate the effect of exchange interactions on finite-temperature magnetic phases for a wide range of lattice fillings. We use the dynamical mean-field theory approach and its real-space generalization to obtain finite-temperature phase diagrams including transitions to magnetically-ordered phases. It allows to determine optimal experimental regimes for approaching long-range ferromagnetic ordering in ultracold gases. We also calculate the entropy in the vicinity of magnetically-ordered phases, which provides quantitative predictions for on-going and future experiments aiming at approaching and studying long-range ordered states in optical lattices.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, v2 matches published version
A free boundary problem in thermal insulation with a prescribed heat source
Creators: name: Acampora, Paolo
name: Cristoforoni, Emanuele
name: Nitsch, Carlo
name: Trombetti, Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R35, 35J25, 35A01

description: We study the thermal insulation of a bounded body $Ω\subset\mathbb{R}^n$, under a prescribed heat source $f>0$, via a bulk layer of insulating material. We consider a model of heat transfer between the insulated body and the environment determined by convection; this corresponds to Robin boundary conditions on the free boundary of the layer. We show that a minimal configuration exists and that it satisfies uniform density estimates.
Private Eye: On the Limits of Textual Screen Peeking via Eyeglass Reflections in Video Conferencing
Creators: name: Long, Yan
name: Yan, Chen
name: Xiao, Shilin
name: Prasad, Shivan
name: Xu, Wenyuan
name: Fu, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Using mathematical modeling and human subjects experiments, this research explores the extent to which emerging webcams might leak recognizable textual and graphical information gleaming from eyeglass reflections captured by webcams. The primary goal of our work is to measure, compute, and predict the factors, limits, and thresholds of recognizability as webcam technology evolves in the future. Our work explores and characterizes the viable threat models based on optical attacks using multi-frame super resolution techniques on sequences of video frames. Our models and experimental results in a controlled lab setting show it is possible to reconstruct and recognize with over 75% accuracy on-screen texts that have heights as small as 10 mm with a 720p webcam. We further apply this threat model to web textual contents with varying attacker capabilities to find thresholds at which text becomes recognizable. Our user study with 20 participants suggests present-day 720p webcams are sufficient for adversaries to reconstruct textual content on big-font websites. Our models further show that the evolution towards 4K cameras will tip the threshold of text leakage to reconstruction of most header texts on popular websites. Besides textual targets, a case study on recognizing a closed-world dataset of Alexa top 100 websites with 720p webcams shows a maximum recognition accuracy of 94% with 10 participants even without using machine-learning models. Our research proposes near-term mitigations including a software prototype that users can use to blur the eyeglass areas of their video streams. For possible long-term defenses, we advocate an individual reflection testing procedure to assess threats under various settings, and justify the importance of following the principle of least privilege for privacy-sensitive scenarios.
Long-range s-wave interactions in Bose-Einstein Condensates: An exact correspondence between truncated free energy and dynamics
Creators: name: Pendse, Abhijit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Gross-Pitaevskii(GP) model of a Bose-Einstein Condensate(BEC) with non-local s-wave interactions. The non-locality is represented by corrections to the local GP equation. Due to such corrections to the GP equation, there arise corrections to the free energy functional as well. We present here a proof of the exact correspondence between the free energy and the dynamics for typical terms appearing while considering corrections to the GP equation at any order. This non-trivial correspondence can be used to study BECs perturbatively while going beyond the Fermi pseudopotential.
Development and Optimization of a Novel Inline Black Silicon Texturing Process for Increased Solar Cell Performance
Creators: name: Jooss, W.
name: Melnyk, I.
name: Jung-König, J.
name: Teppe, A.
name: Werling, T.
name: Voigt, O.
name: Binaie Masouleh, F.
name: Fath, P.
name: Hu, B.
name: Zhang, Q.
name: Wang, I.
name: Tian, P.
name: Huang, J.
name: Yu, J.
name: Qiu, J.
name: Zhou, S.
name: Huang, Q.
name: Gou, X.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Silicon Photovoltaics
Manufacturing & Production

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 368-372
description: In this work we introduce a novel texturing approach for an inline equipment based on Metal Catalyst
Chemical Etching (MCCE). The texturing process can be varied in a wide parameter range resulting in average
reflectivity in the range of 12% up to 22%. An inline tool was developed for the processing of an as-cut diamond wire
sawn wafer until final cleaning prior to diffusion with processing time less than five minutes. Al-BSF solar cells were
processed on DWS multicrystalline wafers in an industrial production line with average efficiencies of 18.8% and
peak efficiencies of 19.1%, demonstrating an efficiency increase of >0.3%abs. as compared to MWSS wafer using
acidic isotexturing. The texturing tool in the production line showed consisting etching rates and high throughput,
further demonstrating the industrial applicability of this process. A loss analysis revealed that further performance
increases can be accomplished by stronger textures in conjunction with emitter optimization. Due to a low Ag
consumption in the MCCE process in combination with inline processes, a very competitive CoO could be shown of
about 1.5 USDct/wafer, which is only slightly higher than acidic istotexturing, but substantially lower than RIE or
MCCE using batch tools and additives. The process in the inline tool is also capable for asymmetric texturing of front
and rear surface, thereby enabling a slim process for the manufacturing of PERC solar cells.
A Finite-Range Search Formulation of Maximum Likelihood MIMO Detection for Coherent Ising Machines
Creators: name: Singh, Abhishek Kumar
name: Venturelli, Davide
name: Jamieson, Kyle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The last couple of years have seen an emergence of physics-inspired computing for maximum likelihood MIMO detection. These methods involve transforming the MIMO detection problem into an Ising minimization problem, which can then be solved on an Ising Machine. Recent works have shown promising projections for MIMO wireless detection using Quantum Annealing optimizers and Coherent Ising Machines. While these methods perform very well for BPSK and 4-QAM, they struggle to provide good BER for 16-QAM and higher modulations. In this paper, we explore an enhanced CIM model, and propose a novel Ising formulation, which together are shown to be the first Ising solver that provides significant gains in the BER performance of large and massive MIMO systems, like $16\times16$ and $16\times32$, and sustain its performance gain even at 256-QAM modulation. We further perform a spectral efficiency analysis and show that, for a $16\times16$ MIMO with Adaptive Modulation and Coding, our method can provide substantial throughput gains over MMSE, achieving $2\times$ throughput for SNR $\leq25$ dB, and up to $1.5\times$ throughput for SNR $\geq 30$ dB.
description: Article under review for IEEE Globecom 2022
Dicke Superradiance in Solids
Creators: name: Cong, Kankan
name: Zhang, Qi
name: Wang, Yongrui
name: Noe, G. Timothy
name: Belyanin, Alexey
name: Kono, Junichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advances in optical studies of condensed matter have led to the emergence of phenomena that have conventionally been studied in the realm of quantum optics. These studies have not only deepened our understanding of light-matter interactions but also introduced aspects of many-body correlations inherent in optical processes in condensed matter systems. This article is concerned with superradiance (SR), a profound quantum optical process predicted by Dicke in 1954. The basic concept of SR applies to a general $N$-body system where constituent oscillating dipoles couple together through interaction with a common light field and accelerate the radiative decay of the system. In the most fascinating manifestation of SR, known as superfluorescence (SF), an incoherently prepared system of $N$ inverted atoms spontaneously develops macroscopic coherence from vacuum fluctuations and produces a delayed pulse of coherent light whose peak intensity $\propto N^2$. Such SF pulses have been observed in atomic and molecular gases, and their intriguing quantum nature has been unambiguously demonstrated. Here, we focus on the rapidly developing field of research on SR in solids, where not only photon-mediated coupling but also strong Coulomb interactions and ultrafast scattering exist. We describe SR and SF in molecular centers in solids, molecular aggregates and crystals, quantum dots, and quantum wells. In particular, we will summarize a series of studies we have recently performed on quantum wells in strong magnetic fields. These studies show that cooperative effects in solid-state systems are not merely small corrections that require exotic conditions to be observed; rather, they can dominate the nonequilibrium dynamics and light emission processes of the entire system of interacting electrons.
description: 23 pages, 26 figures
Enhancing gravitational wave anisotropies with peaked scalar sources
Creators: name: Dimastrogiovanni, Ema
name: Fasiello, Matteo
name: Malhotra, Ameek
name: Tasinato, Gianmassimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational wave (GW) backgrounds of cosmological origin are expected to be nearly isotropic, with small anisotropies resembling those of the cosmic microwave background. We analyse the case of a scalar-induced GW background and clarify in the process the relation between two different approaches to calculating GW anisotropies. We focus on GW scenarios sourced by a significantly peaked scalar spectrum, which are frequently considered in the context of primordial black holes production. We show that the resulting GW anisotropies are characterised by a distinct frequency dependence. We explore the observational consequences concentrating on a GW background enhanced in the frequency band of space-based GW detectors. We study the detectability of the signal through both cross-correlations among different space-based GW detectors, and among GW and CMB experiments.
description: 31 pages, 6 figures. Version accepted at JCAP
Nichtinvasive Messung von regionalen cerebralen Oxygenerierungsänderungen während Leao´s ´corticale depression und spontaner Depolarisation bei fokaler verebraler Ischämie mit der Nah-Infrarot-Spektroskopoie
Creators: name: Wolf, Tilo
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Nah-Infrarot-Spektroskopie
subject: fokale zerebrale Ischämie
subject: regionale zerebrale Blutoxygenierung
subject: Ratte
subject: Near-Infrared-Spectroscopy
subject: Cortical Spreading Depression
subject: Cerebral Blood Oxygenation
subject: Ischemia
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: 33 Medizin
subject: VG 5100

description: In this thesis the optical method of Near-Infrared-Spectroscopy (NIRS) is evaluated with regards to its capability of non-invasive detection of Leão´s cortical spreading depression (CSD) and spontaneous peri-infarct-depolarizations (PID). With the NIR-spectrometer NIRO 500 (Hamamatsu, Japan) regional cerebral oxy-genation (rCBO) changes were measured during CSD in 9, and during PID in 10 barbiturate anesthatized rats. The method if NIRS that relies on oxygen-dependent absorption changes of hemo-globin and cytochrome oxydase as well as the high penetrability of biologic tissues for light in the range between 700 and 1000 nm proved suitable to detect and to distinguish both CSD and PID experimentally. This distinction relies on the robust decrease of deoxy- and increase of oxyhemo-globin concentrations (i.e. a relative hyperoxemia) during CSD while PID is cha-racterized by an initial increase of deoxy- and decrease of oxyhemoglobin (relative hypooxemia). Despite the profound anatomical differences between gyrencephalic humans and lyssencephalic rats, the observed patterns of rCBO changes may guide the inter-pretation of future NIRS measurements in patients with migraines with aura (CSD) or stroke (PID). However, for concentration changes of oxydized cytochrome aa3 with its low con-centration compared to the hemoglobins, the pathophysiological interpretation of the data obtained with NIRO 500 is confounded by the limits of attenuation mea-surements at only four wavelengths. A validation of the cytochrome oxydase signal and an improved quantification of all concentration changes is highly desirable and may be achieved by employment of a continuous-wavelength device measuring the full spectral range of the near infrared. It would also allow to measure the mean optical pathlength in the highly scattering tissue and to correct for its physiologically occuring changes e.g. by measurements at the water absorption peak. Similar improvements would enhance the value of the method for further physiolo-gical and pathophysiological studies because NIRS provides the unique opportu-nity to obtain simultaneous data on blood oxygenation as well as the redox state of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxydase.
Populationsbiologie, Raumnutzung und Verhalten verwildeter Hauskatzen und der Effekt von Maßnahmen zur Reproduktionskontrolle
Creators: name: Kalz, Beate
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: verwilderte Katzen
subject: Kastration
subject: Populationsbiologie
subject: Verhalten
subject: feral cats
subject: neutering
subject: population biology
subject: behaviour
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)
subject: 32 Biologie
subject: WS 7230
subject: WT 2034

description: In einem 45 ha großen Untersuchungsgebiet in der Innenstadt von Berlin wurden von Februar 1996 bis Juni 1999 alle dort vorkommenden verwilderten Katzen erfaßt. Wir untersuchten Alter- und Geschlechtsverteilung, Populationsdichte und -stabilität, Reproduktions- und Mortalitätsraten, Gesundheitsstatus, Territorialverhalten, Ver- wandtschaftsbeziehungen und den Einfluß der Kastration auf das individuelle Verhal- ten der Katzen und die Entwicklung der Population. Insgesamt wurden 75 Tiere in- nerhalb von 42 Monaten beobachtet. Im Untersuchungsgebiet waren gleichzeitig je- weils 25-32 Tiere ansässig, außerdem wurden durchschnittlich 10 Durchzügler pro Jahr registriert. Die ansässigen Katzen lebten in 2 genetisch differenzierten Teilpopu- lationen. Unkastrierte Kater hatten größere Streifgebiete (20-66 ha) als kastrierte Ka- ter, kastrierte und unkastrierte Katzen sowie Jungtiere (0,5-7,5 ha). Die Mortalität der ansässigen Katzen betrug 25 % pro Jahr. Vakante Streifgebiete wurden durch eige- ne Nachkommen aufgefüllt. Die Anzahl unkastrierter adulter Kater im Untersu- chungsgebiet blieb über die gesamte Zeit konstant, Kastration und Tod von Deckka- tern wurde durch Einwanderung fremder Kater kompensiert. Nach Kastration aller weiblicher Katzen einer Teilpopulation sank die Populationsdichte trotz signifikant höherer Zuwanderung fremder Tiere.
description: In a 45 ha study area of Berlin city all cats were studied between February 1996 and June 1999. We investigated age and sex composition, population density and stabil- ity, rates of reproduction and mortality, health status, territorial behaviour, kinship re- lation, and the influence of neutering on individual behaviour and population devel- opment. Altogether we observed 75 cats within 42 months. 25 to 35 cats lived simul- taneously in the study area, additionally we found 10 transient animals per year on average. The resident cats lived in two genetically distinct subpopulations. Uncas- trated adult males had larger home ranges (20-66 ha) than castrated males, cas- trated and uncastrated females and subadult cats (0,5-7,5 ha). Mortality rate of resi- dent cats was 25 % per year. Vacancies were filled by own kittens. The number of uncastrated adult tomcats was constant throughout the study period, castration and death of stud males were compensated by immigration of unknown tomcats. After the castration of all females in one subpopulation population density declined, even though immigration of unknown cats increased significantly.
Industrially Feasible PERC Cells on Diamond Wire Sawing Multi-Crystalline Silicon Wafers Textured by RIE towards 20.78% Efficiency
Creators: name: Wang, W.
name: Dong, J.
name: Ye, Q.
name: Yang, Y.
name: Cai, W.
name: Sheng, J.
name: Yang, J.
name: Zhang, C.
name: Zhou, X.
name: Dong, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Silicon Photovoltaics
Manufacturing & Production

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 290-294
description: Improved cell efficiency and cost reduction are two keys to PV production processes. Passivated
emitter and rear cell (PERC) due to its high efficiency and compatibility with existing p-type materials and
production lines are expected to be the mainstream cell technology with the largest gain in market share over the
next few years. Meanwhile, diamond wire sawing (DWS) can significantly reduce the wafer processing cost and is
going to gain more market shares in multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si) with advantages of texturing. Reaction ion etch
(RIE) technology has been successfully applied to realize the diamond wire cutting mc-Si wafer surface texturing
regardless of grain orientations of mc-Si wafers, and is helpful for efficiency improvement. Combining the high
efficiency structure with low cost material, the final cell efficiency reached 20.43% in mass production and 20.78%
for the best cell.
How to Properly Assess Boron-Oxygen Related Degradation in Crystalline Silicon
Creators: name: Herguth, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Silicon Photovoltaics
Feedstock, Crystallisation, Wafering, Defect Engineering

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 576-579
description: Boron-Oxygen related light induced degradation (BO-LID) may seriously limit the efficiency of silicon
solar cells. It is therefore essential to assess its impact correctly. Within this contribution it is shown by means of
simulations how temperature and doping level as well as injection level influence the degradation behavior and on
which time scale degradation occurs. It is furthermore shown how regeneration may influence BO-LID results
leading to spoiled interpretations. A suggestion for appropriate degradation conditions is given.
Reconstructing the direction of reactor antineutrinos via electron scattering in Gd-doped water Cherenkov detectors
Creators: name: Hellfeld, D.
name: Dazeley, S.
name: Bernstein, A.
name: Marianno, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The potential of elastic antineutrino-electron scattering in a Gd-doped water Cherenkov detector to determine the direction of a nuclear reactor antineutrino flux was investigated using the recently proposed WATCHMAN antineutrino experiment as a baseline model. The expected scattering rate was determined assuming a 13-km standoff from a 3.758-GWt light water nuclear reactor and the detector response was modeled using a Geant4-based simulation package. Background was estimated via independent simulations and by scaling published measurements from similar detectors. Background contributions were estimated for solar neutrinos, misidentified reactor-based inverse beta decay interactions, cosmogenic radionuclides, water-borne radon, and gamma rays from the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), detector walls, and surrounding rock. We show that with the use of low background PMTs and sufficient fiducialization, water-borne radon and cosmogenic radionuclides pose the largest threats to sensitivity. Directional sensitivity was then analyzed as a function of radon contamination, detector depth, and detector size. The results provide a list of experimental conditions that, if satisfied in practice, would enable antineutrino directional reconstruction at 3$σ$ significance in large Gd-doped water Cherenkov detectors with greater than 10-km standoff from a nuclear reactor.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Vorwärts in die Vergangenheit
Creators: name: Lorenz, Astrid
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Transformation
subject: Belarus
subject: Systemwandel
subject: Demokratisierung
subject: Systemic change
subject: Democratization
subject: 320 Politik
subject: 16 Politik
subject: MG 82000

description: Seit Erlangung der Unabhängigkeit 1991 machte Belarus' wenig Fortschritte in Richtung Demokratie. Nach einer Phase des formal-demokratischen Institutionenbaus (1991-1994) er-starkten die konservativen Nomenklaturakräfte erneut. Sie setzten sich in nachfolgenden Machtkämpfen mit den Radikaldemokraten durch, die von 1995 bis zur illegalen Verfas-sungsänderung mittels eines Referendums Ende 1996 dauerten. Es ermöglichte ihnen die Eta-blierung einer Autokratie, welche die Präsidialmacht maximierte, jedoch durch wachsende, durch die internationale Isolation noch verstärkte innersystemische Defizite bedroht war. Die Dissertation analysiert die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Akteuren, Institutionen und weiteren Kontextfaktoren, die den belarussischen Transformationsprozeß beeinflußten. Sie argumen-tiert, daß ökonomische Strukturen und das Verhalten ausländischer Akteure von eminenter Bedeutung waren. Sie beförderten die postsowjetischen Entwicklungen, bedrohen seit 1998 aber gleichzeitig die Stabilität des Regimes, das ohne Reformen nicht überleben wird.
description: Since achieving independence in 1991, Belarus has made little progress towards democ-racy. After the period of formal-democratic institution-building (1991-1994), conservative nomenklatura forces strenghened again. They prevailed in following struggles with radical democrats from 1995 until the illegal change of the constitution by referendum in the end of 1996. It enabled them to establish an autocracy which maximized presidential power but fa-ced growing innersystemic deficits boosted by international isolation. The thesis analyzes the framework of actors, institutions, and further context facors influencing the Belarusian trans-formation process. It argues that economic structures and the behaviour of foreign actors had been of great importance. They encouraged the post-Soviet developments but, since 1998, endanger the stability of the regime which will not survive without reforms.
Central Place and Central Flow
Creators: name: Knitter, Daniel
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: central place theory
subject: central flow theory
subject: hinterland
subject: jacobs
subject: world-city-network
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie::930 Geschichte des Altertums bis ca. 499, Archäologie

description: This chapter presents the idea of integrating central place and central flow theory in order to gain a deeper understanding of economic interactions, ranging from the local to the supra-regional scale. Central place theory is suitable to describe the local exchange relationships between settlements and their hinterland. Central flow theory puts forward the idea of cooperation of specific agents. These agents create new work due to the substitution of imports; an inter-settlement interaction between these agents creates a network of goodand information exchange. Hence, both concepts should be regarded as complementary since they describe two important aspects of the characteristics of places: the relationships to their hinterland and the integration of its people into networks of exchange.
Conclusive Identification of Quantum Channels via Monogamy of Quantum Correlations
Creators: name: Kumar, Asutosh
name: Roy, Sudipto Singha
name: Pal, Amit Kumar
name: Prabhu, R.
name: De, Aditi Sen
name: Sen, Ujjwal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the action of local and global noise on monogamy of quantum correlations, when monogamy scores are considered as observables, and three-qubit systems are subjected to global noise and various local noisy channels, namely, amplitude-damping, phase-damping, and depolarizing channels. We show that the dynamics of monogamy scores corresponding to negativity and quantum discord, in the case of generalized W states, as inputs to the noisy channels, can exhibit non-monotonic dynamics with respect to increasing noise parameter, which is in contrast to the monotonic decay of monogamy scores when generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states are exposed to noise. We quantify the persistence of monogamy against noise via a characteristic value of the noise parameter, and show that depolarizing noise destroys monogamy of quantum correlation faster compared to other noisy channels. We demonstrate that the negativity monogamy score is more robust than the quantum discord monogamy score, when the noise is of the phase-damping type. We also investigate the variation of monogamy with increasing noise for arbitrary three-qubit pure states as inputs. Finally, depending on these results, we propose a two-step protocol, which can conclusively identify the type of noise applied to the quantum system, by using generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and generalized W states as resource states. We discuss a possible generalization of the results to higher number of parties.
description: 18 Pages, 9 Figures, 3 Tables, Including supplementary material and extended references
Non-linear response of interacting bosons in a quasiperiodic potential
Creators: name: Dutta, Debamalya
name: Roy, Arko
name: Saha, Kush
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the electric pulse-driven non-linear response of interacting bosons loaded in an optical lattice in the presence of an incommensurate superlattice potential. In the non-interacting limit $(U=0)$, the model admits both localized and delocalized phases depending on the strength of the incommensurate potential $V_0$. We show that the particle current contains only odd harmonics in the delocalized phase in contrast to the localised phase where both even and odd harmonics are identified. The relative magnitudes of these even and odd harmonics and sharpness of the peaks can be tuned by varying frequency and the number of cycles of the applied pulse, respectively. In the presence of repulsive interactions, the amplitudes of the even and odd harmonics further depend on the relative strengths of the interaction $U$ and the potential $V_0$. We illustrate that the disorder and interaction-induced phases can be distinguished and characterized through the particle current. Finally, we discuss the dynamics of field induced excitation responsible for exhibiting higher harmonics in the current spectrum.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
title: Water Transport in 2nd Millennium BC Babylonia and Mari
title: Its Organization and Economic Importance
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Weszeli, Michaela
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: water transport
subject: organization costs
subject: boats
subject: taxes
subject: overland transport
subject: 2nd mill. Mesopotamia
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie::930 Geschichte des Altertums bis ca. 499, Archäologie

description: This article studies water transport in southern Mesopotamia and along the Middle Euphrates. Based on the author’s PhD thesis of 2002 with the addition of new material we discuss transported goods, boat sizes, the organization of transport and the cost particularly in the 2nd millennium. Based on established documented prices, a comparison with the costs of overland transport is attempted. In the appendix, three hitherto unpublished ‘tax passes’ from Babylonia similar to those known from the Mari archives are published for the first time.
FACULTY MOTIVATION UNVEILED: INSIGHTS FROM PUBLIC SCHOOLS TO HIGHER EDUCATION
Creators: name: Maria, Elena Santos Rivera
name: Alejandro, Cruz Dela Rosa
Publisher: name: AMERICAN SERIAL
Year: 2024
Subjects: Teacher Motivation
Faculty Programs
Self-Management
Self-Regulation
Teaching-Learning Process

description: The role of educators in shaping the future citizens of a nation is undeniably crucial. This study delves into the intriguing realm of teacher motivation, seeking to unravel the factors that drive educators to excel in their profession. Understanding the motivational dynamics of teachers within the academic environment is pivotal for the development of effective faculty programs, with a particular emphasis on fostering self-management and self-regulation among both experienced and novice educators. This research aims to contribute valuable insights into the motivational mechanisms that influence teachers' performance, ultimately aiming to enhance the overall teaching-learning process.

The investigation employs a multi-faceted approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods to capture the nuanced aspects of teacher motivation. Through surveys, interviews, and observations, we explore the diverse factors that serve as catalysts for teachers to excel in their roles. Key themes under scrutiny include intrinsic and extrinsic motivators, professional development opportunities, and the impact of a supportive work environment. By gaining a comprehensive understanding of these factors, we aim to develop targeted faculty programs that address the unique needs of educators, thereby fostering a more self-managed and self-regulated teaching community.

This study not only contributes to the theoretical framework of teacher motivation but also holds practical implications for educational institutions and policymakers. By identifying the drivers of teacher motivation, educational institutions can design strategies and initiatives that go beyond traditional approaches, ensuring sustained enthusiasm and dedication among educators. Moreover, the findings of this research can inform policy decisions related to teacher training and professional development.