Grandidierella halophilus Wongkamhaeng &amp; Pholpunthin &amp; Azman 2012, new species
Creators: name: Wongkamhaeng, K.
name: Pholpunthin, P.
name: Azman, B. A. R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Aoridae
Grandidierella
Grandidierella halophilus

description: <i>Grandidierella halophilus</i>, new species (Figs. 2–10) <b> <i>Type Material</i>.</b> — <i>Holotype</i>. Male, THAILAND, Inner Gulf of Thailand, Samut Sakorn (13.5100768°N, 100.3525478°E), abandoned saltpans (associated with <i>Ruppia maritima</i> Linnaeus), 24 Feb.2011, Phenpraphai, P., PSUZC-CR-0261. <i>Allotype</i>. Female, collected with holotype, PSUZC-CR-0262 (adult female, 3.9 mm). <i>Other material</i>. Same data as holotype, UKMMZ-1431 (10; 15); PSUZC-CR-0263 (10; 20). <b> <i>Description</i>. — Male</b> (<i>holotype</i>) (Figs. 3–6). Total body length 6.9 mm. <i>Body</i> slender and subcylindrical. <b>Head.</b> <i>Head</i> subequal in length to first 2 pereonites; rostrum not developed; inferior antennal sinus moderate and concave, 0.3 times of head length; <i>eye</i> distinct. <i>Antenna 1</i> (Fig. 3A 1) slightly longer than antenna 2, ratio of peduncular articles 1–3 as 1: 1.7: 1.1; article 1 slender, with 2 postero-marginal spines; flagellum with 22 articles, 1.4 times as long as peduncle; accessory flagellum uni-articulate, short. <i>Antenna 2</i> (Fig. 3A 2) peduncle stout; 4 segmented in ratio of 1: 3: 10: 7; inner margin of article 3 with 3 robust setae and 2 posterodistal robust setae; article 5 shorter than 4; flagellum short, subequal in length to peduncular article 5, composed of 7 articles; flagellum articles 2–7 with a pair of curved bifid robust setae on each article. <i>Upper lip</i> (Fig. 5 UL) or labrum round and broad, with small depression in the middle and pubescent on each lobe. <i>Lower lip</i> (Fig. 5 LL) inner plates well developed and subtriangular in shape, mandibular process narrow but well developed; outer plate with arborescent setae on the inner face of the outer lobe, covered with thin hairs. <i>Mandible</i> (Fig. 5 MD), both similar to each other except for number of accessory blades constituting 4 in right and 5 in left ones; right incisor 4 dentates, left incisor 5 dentates; lacinia mobilis armed with 4 teeth on left side and 5 teeth on right; molar process medium, ridged distally and serrate marginally, armed a single seta; palp triarticulate with ratios of 1: 1.2: 1.1, article 3 with apical setae and marginal setae. <i>Maxilla 1</i> (Fig. 5 MX 1), inner plate small; outer plate with 8 apical robust setae; palp extending beyond outer plate, biarticulate with 6 apical spines. <i>Maxilla 2</i> (Fig. 5 MX 2), inner plate with mediofacial row of 25 slender setae and one robust seta located in the middle, outer margin naked; outer plate subequal in size with inner plate. <i>Maxilliped</i> (Fig. 5 MP), inner plate broad and short, apically provided with several plumose setae and 3 marginal setae; outer plate broad, almost reaching palp article 2 with 13 marginal spines; palp 4-articulate with ratio of 2: 3: 3.2: 1. <b>Pereon.</b> <i>Gnathopod 1</i> (Fig. 3G 1) carpochelate, larger than gnathopod 2; coxal plate subrectangular, inner side bearing ventral process; length ratio of articles from basis to dactylus 7.8: 1: 2.7: 8: 3.5: 3.5; basis slender, anterior margin straight, 3.9 as long as broad, with one fine seta on posteriodistal margin; ischium short, subrectangular; merus trapezoidal, anterodistally produced; carpus 1.6 times as long as broad, posterodistal corner produced with tooth and a smaller tooth present on inner face, posterior margin setose with a small tooth; propodus subequal to dactylus in length, 0.5 times length of carpus, posterior margin proximally concave, distally expanded; dactylus fairly curved, distal end concave with 2 robust setae. <i>Gnathopod 2</i> (Fig. 3G 2) subchelate; coxa plate shallow with ventral margins posteriorly produced into triangular expansion; length ratio of articles from basis to dactylus 4.6: 1: 1.7: 3.8: 3.3: 1.8; basis slender, as long as articles 5 and 6 combined, anterior margin straight with 6 fine setae; ischium subrectangular; merus trapezoidal, posterior distal angle produced, posterior margin bearing long setae; carpus 2.5 times as long as wide, posterior margin crenulate, bearing 25 dense setae; propodus palmar margin transverse, with fine setae, bearing a bifid robust seta at posterodistal corner and 2 bifid robust setae on posterior margin; dactylus slightly longer than palmar margin, inner margin crenulate with several fine setules. <i>Pereopod 3</i> (Fig. 4P 3) slender; coxa plate small, subquadrate; length ratio of articles from basis to dactylus 4.8: 1: 2.5: 1.7: 1.7: 1.2; basis slender, sparsely setose on anterior and posterior margins and posterodistal corner; ischium short, subrectangular; merus slightly produced anterodistally; carpus suboval, posterior margin setose; propodus narrow, both margin bearing setae; dactylus long and thin, shorter than propodus. <i>Pereopod 4</i> (Fig. 4P4) similar to pereopod 3, coxal plate with ventral margin medially produced triangular; length ratio of articles from basis to dactylus 4.1: 1: 2.5: 1.4: 1.6: 1.1; basis slender, with short setae on anterior margin; ischium short, subrectangular; merus slightly produced anterodistally; carpus oval with setae on both anterior and posterior margins; propodus long and narrow, bearing setae on both anterior and posterior margins; dactylus long and thin. <i>Pereopod 5</i> (Fig. 4P 5) coxa posteroventrally expanded into long, narrowly obtuse angle; length ratio of articles from basis to dactylus 5.8: 1: 2.2: 1.8: 0.8; basis subrectangular with fine setae along anterior margin; ischium short; carpus with two robust setae along posterior margin and on posterodistally; propodus with four robust setae along posterior margin; dactylus short, strongly curved. <i>Pereopod 6</i> (Fig. 4P 6) elongate, 1.6 times as long as pereopod 5; coxa posteriorly produced with rounded lobe; length ratio of articles from basis to dactylus 3.7: 1: 2.7: 1.7: 3.3: 1; basis almost linear, with 7 small bifid robust setae along anterior margin; ischium short with setae on anteroventral corner; merus oblong, with bifid marginal robust setae on both anterior and posterior margins; carpus bearing two rows of bifid robust setae; propodus slender, slightly curved with two rows of marginal robust setae and setose posterodistally; dactylus tapering to a sharply pointed tip, subapex bearing small setae on both sides. <i>Pereopod 7</i> (Fig. 4P 7) elongate, 1.8 times as long as pereopod 5; coxa bilobed, shallow; length ratio of articles from basis to dactylus 3.3: 1: 2.3: 1.7: 2.7: 1; basis anterior margin with a row of bifid robust setae and posterior margin with long plumose setae bifid robust setae; ischium short and subrectangular; merus elongate with setae on anterior and posterior margins, with one bifid robust seta posterodistally; carpus shorter and narrower than merus with several midlength setae along anterior margin; propodus elongate and slender, slightly curved with bifid robust setae along anterior margin; dactylus tapering to pointed tip, with one thin setae 2/3 from proximal end. <b>Pleon.</b> <i>Pleopods 1–3</i> (Fig. 6 PL1-PL3) well developed; peduncles cylindrical, longer than broad and fringed with several plumose setae and a pair of retinaculae on anterior margin; inner ramus slightly longer than peduncle with 9–10 articles, outer ramus shorter than inner ramus, both rami with facial setae. <i>Uropod 1</i> (Fig. 6U 1) not extending beyond ends of other uropods; peduncle longer than inner and outer rami, fringed with bifid robust setae, peduncular apex bearing a posteroventral process; outer and inner margins of both rami lined with a row of robust setae, distal margins rounded and bearing with several robust setae. <i>Uropod 2</i> (Fig. 6U 2) slightly longer than uropod 3, peduncle shorter than inner and outer rami, both with two bifid robust setae; outer ramus slightly longer than inner one, both rami lined with a row of bifid robust setae and distal margin bearing short and long robust setae. <i>Uropod 3</i> (Fig. 6U 3) uniramous, peduncle much shorter than ramus; ramus elongate with short second article, both outer and inner margins with a row of long setae; apex with 4 long stiff setae. <i>Telson</i> (Fig. 6T) subtrapezoidal, ending with double pointed apex, each with one long robust seta and one short (thin) seta. <b>Female.</b> (<i>allotype</i>) (Figs. 7–10). Total body length 3.9 mm (from tip of rostrum to apex of telson). – (sexually dimorphic characters). <i>Antenna 1</i> (Fig. 7A 1) without accessory flagellum, flagellum with 15 articles. <i>Antenna 2</i> (Fig. 7A 2) peduncular article 3 with 2 bifid robust setae at ventrodistal corner. Maxilla 2, inner plate without robust setae. <b>Pereon.</b> <i>Gnathopod 1</i> (Fig. 7G 1) subchelate, smaller than that of male. Coxal plate deeper than those of male; basis more robust, 1.8 times as long as broad; carpus subtriangular, 1.5 times as long as broad, posterior margin setose, with the posterior distal margin produced into a short stout tooth; propodus oval, shorter than carpus, palm oblique and defined by a large bifid robust seta, palmar margin with short setule, distal end covered sparse plumose setae; dactylus curved with 3 inner marginal short stout robust setae. <i>Gnathopod 2</i> (Fig. 7G 2) similar to that of male, slightly smaller to gnathopod 1;basis slender; carpus 2.2 times as long as wide; propodus wider than that of male, palm transverse and defined by 2 large bifid robust setae; dactylus curved, grasping margin with fine setule and 5 short stout robust setae. <b> <i>Etymology</i>.</b> — The specific name “ <i>halophilus</i> ” is a combination of the Greek <i>halos</i> = salt and <i>philus</i> = friend, loving, referring to the habitat in which this species lives. <b> <i>Remarks</i>.</b> — The specimens of <i>Grandidierella halophilus</i> new species were collected in a hypersaline habitat (~80 ppt) and associated with seagrass (<i>Ruppia maritima</i> Linnaeus). To date, only two <i>Grandidierella</i> species have been reported from hypersaline environments (<i>G. propodentata</i> and <i>G. exillis</i>). The former species shows a distinctive similarity with <i>G. halophilus</i> in the existence of the unusual arborescent setae on the inner face of the outer lobe of the lower lip (Moore, 1986: Fig. 2e. In addition, several differences also can be seen in comparing with <i>G. propodentata</i>, including (1) the spout-like male antenna 2 article 4 (vs. normal) (Moore, 1986: Fig. 2a); (2) the inwardly directed proximal tooth on male gnathopod 1 propodus (vs. posterior margin proximally concave, distally expanded; Moore, 1986: Fig. 1a) and (3) male gnathopod 1 carpus triangular with two large subequal teeth at posterodistal corner (vs. posterodistal corner with produced tooth and posterior margin setose with a small tooth; Moore, 1986: Fig. 1a). The new species differs from <i>G. exillis</i> in the presence of an accessory flagellum (Fig. 3A 1); presence of the arborescent setae on the inner face of the outer lobe of the lower lip (Fig. 5 LL); and by the presence of a second article on uropod 3 ramus (Fig. 6U 3). A sternal process in the male <i>G. halophilus</i> new species is seems to be unique among <i>Grandidierella</i> members. Only four species, <i>G. bonnieroides</i>, <i>G. exillis</i>, <i>G. trispinosa</i>, and <i>G. spinicoxa</i> share this distinct character. The new species, <i>Grandidierella halophilus</i>, is similar to <i>G. bonnieroides</i> in having the male sternal process; gnathopod 1 carpochelate with posterodistal corner with a produced tooth, inner face with a produced small tooth and posterior margin setose with a small tooth. As reported by Myers (1970), in his investigations on material from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, the sternal process in <i>G. bonnieroides</i> shows considerable variation between populations, suggesting that most of the populations are genetically distinct. In agreement with Asari &amp; Myers (1982), the south Indian <i>G. bonnieroides</i> also exhibits distinct local variations displaying the possibility of group sibling species. <i>Grandidierella halophilus</i> can be easily distinguished from all other known species of the genus in the combination of the following characters: (1) coxal plate 2 with ventral margin posteriorly produced into triangular expansion (Fig. 3G 2); (2) uropod 3 peduncle inflated with ramus bearing a small second article (Fig. 6U 3); (3) lower lip with arborescent setae on the inner face of the outer lobe (Fig. 5 LL). Moreover, all of the robust setae occurring on antennae 1–2, gnathopods 1–2, pereopods 5–7 and uropods 1–3 are bifid. This character has not been reported elsewhere in the genus but has been shown in illustrations for <i>G. mahafalensis</i> (Ruffo, 1958) and <i>G. propodentata</i> (Moore, 1986). A summary of the distinguishing characters of the species discussed here given in Table 1.
description: Published as part of <i>Wongkamhaeng, K., Pholpunthin, P. &amp; Azman, B. A. R., 2012, Grandidierella Halophilus A New Species Of The Family Aoridae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) From The Saltpans Of The Inner Gulf Of Thailand, pp. 433-447 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2)</i> on pages 434-440, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5349871
description: {"references": ["Moore, P. G., 1986. A new species in the genus Grandidierella Coutiere (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from an Australian solar saltworks. Journal of Natural History, 20: 1393 - 1399.", "Myers, A. A., 1970. Taxonomic studies on the genus Grandidierella, with a description of G. dentimera sp. nov. Bulletin of Marine Science, 20: 135 - 147.", "Ruffo, S., 1958. Amphipodes Terrestres et des eaux continentales de Madagascar, des Comores et de la Reunion (Etud. es sur les Crustaces Amphipodes. - L). Memoires de L'institut Scientifique de Madagascar, 12: 35 - 66."]}