cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gaseous abundances in planetary nebulae: What have we learned in the past five years?
Creators: name: Delgado-Inglada, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nearly 50 years ago, in the proceedings of the first IAU symposium on planetary nebulae, Lawrence H. Aller and Stanley J. Czyzak said that "the problem of determination of the chemical compositions of planetary and other gaseous nebulae constitutes one of the most exasperating problems in astrophysics". Although the situation has greatly improved over the years, many important problems are still open and new questions have arrived to the field, which still is an active field of study. Here I will review some of the main aspects related to the determination of gaseous abundances in PNe and some relevant results derived in the last five years, since the last IAU symposium on PNe.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures; corrected typos. Invited review to appear in the Proceedings of the IAU Symp. 323: "Planetary nebulae: Multi-wavelength probes of stellar and galactic evolution". Eds. X.-W. Liu, L. Stanghellini and A. Karakas
The impact of food structure and promoting short chain fatty acids production on energy homeostasis and appetite regulation
Creators: name: Khatib, Mai
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: The structural elements within a food, known as food structure, are thought to play a critical role in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis. Food structure can refer to the spatial arrangement of cellular structural elements, such as starch granules, or the physical form of a food. Manipulating the starch structure within a food system, such as in peas, can limit starch digestibility and thus improve the quality of the starch eaten. Bypassing upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract digestion can increase microbiota fermentation activity, which is responsible for the beneficial effects associated with resistant starch consumption. Short-chain fatty acids, fermentation by-products, have previously been reported to regulate glucose homeostasis, reduce energy intake and increase peripheral anorexigenic gut hormone concentrations in humans. A large part of this thesis aimed to investigate the acute effects of manipulating the starch structure within peas by inactivating the starch-branching enzyme of the pea seeds (SBE-deficient peas) on appetite regulation and energy homeostasis in humans. The first study presented in this thesis investigated the effect of food structure within peas on gastric emptying rates using a 13C breath test. The data suggest that manipulating the structure of the peas improves glycaemic response without affecting the gastric emptying rate. The second study presented in this thesis investigated the effect of upper GI digestion on different pea structures. SBE-deficient pea seeds were less available at the small intestinal level to be broken down into glucose. The third study presented in this thesis investigated the effects of lower gut fermentation on different pea structures. SBE-deficient pea seeds produced more short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as a result of fermentation. However, these pea studies did not cause a change in subjective appetite or in appetite-regulating hormones. Propionate, one of the main SCFAs produced from microbial fermentation, is thought to play a crucial role in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis. Supplementation with inulin-propionate ester (IPE), which selectively enriches colonic propionate, has been reported to increase peripheral anorexigenic gut hormone concentrations and reduce energy intake acutely in humans. Long-term IPE supplementation prevented weight gain and reduced intra-hepatocellular lipid content. Another part of this thesis aimed to investigate the effects of colonic 4 propionate on appetite regulation and energy homeostasis in humans following a lower energy diet through IPE supplementation over a 12-week period. IPE reduced subjective appetite and led to significant weight loss compared to baseline. However, these effects were independent of changes in anorexigenic gut hormones. The majority of the work presented in this thesis supports a role of fermentation in energy and appetite homeostasis. However, the exact underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
(200950) William Williams
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Vom Lernen zum Anwenden
title: Transferuntersuchung der hochschuldidaktischen Weiterbildungsveranstaltung "Start in die Lehre"
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Piekarek, Sinah
Publisher: name: Hochschuldidaktisches Zentrum der Technischen Universität Dortmund
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: 370

description: Journal Hochschuldidaktik ; 17. Jahrgang 2006 Heft 1
REACH Story of Change: The Safe Pani mode: Delivering safe drinking water in schools and healthcare centres in Bangladesh (REACH Story of Change)
Creators: name: REACH
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2023

description: Availability of safe drinking water services is a major concern for schools and healthcare centres in rural Bangladesh. A 2022 REACH survey of 1700 schools in Khulna district found tubewells and rainwater harvesting to be the main sources o.f drinking water, with 15% of schools having no drinking water sources on premises.
In rural schools, individual administrators are responsible for monitoring water safety post installation of waterpoints. Limited funds, training, time, and autonomy can hinder timely repair and maintenance of infrastructure and pose uncertain water quality risks.
To address the expanded focus of SDG 6.1 for schools and healthcare centres, REACH has been working with UNICEF and the Local Government Division (LGD) of the Government of Bangladesh to design and pilot a revised institutional model for rural water service delivery. The SafePani model aims to reform existing institutional design and move towards a professional water service delivery model, with timely and independently verified performance metrics unlocking results-based funding.
Best probability queries on probabilistic databases
Creators: name: Le, Trieu Minh Nhut
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: Submission note: A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora.

This thesis focuses on answering probabilistic top-k and skyline queries on probabilistic data using the possible worlds semantics model. These are two of the most important queries for decision support systems. Almost all other existing methods for answering queries on probabilistic data require the user to set a probability threshold. However, it is difficult to set a threshold because if it is set too high, important results may be lost, but if it is set too low, a lot of low quality results may be returned. In this thesis, novel approaches for answering probabilistic top-k and skyline queries are proposed using the dominance principle as natural and effective methods to select results of queries with an acceptable number of answers, ensuring all important answers are captured without the need to set a threshold. There are three challenges to answering both probabilistic top-k and skyline queries. The first challenge is to develop novel probabilistic top-k and skyline queries using the dominance principle to return only the most interesting results. The second challenge is to develop formulas based on probabilistic theory to directly calculate the probabilities of the results without considering any possible worlds and to also develop algorithms to effectively prune the search space. The third challenge is to ensure that all the semantic properties of the probabilistic queries are covered. The evaluations of the performance of the proposed approaches show that, firstly, the results of the queries are not only very reasonable in size but also capture all the important answers. Secondly, the proposed algorithms outperform the current algorithms by accelerating the pruning search space, thereby reducing execution time. Lastly, all the semantic properties of probabilistic queries are covered.
(200952) Thomas Jones
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Coherent ultra-wideband radar-on-chip for biomedical sensing and imaging
Creators: name: Lauteslager, Timo
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Medical microwave imaging (MWI) has been investigated in the past two decades due to the attractive properties of microwave radiation: Electromagnetic waves at microwave frequencies can penetrate biological tissue and are non-ionising. Several MWI prototypes have been developed for breast cancer imaging and stroke detection, some of which are currently under clinical investigation. The recent innovation of coherent ultra-wideband (UWB) radar-on-chip (RoC) technology could enable MWI at a much lower cost and with portable or even wearable devices. Due to the ability to operate multiple RoC receivers simultaneously, multistatic radar data can be acquired at a much higher rate than when using conventional microwave techniques. This would allow for dynamic imaging of the cardiovascular system: An application which has been mostly out of reach for MWI systems. This thesis describes the work undertaken to investigate the use of coherent UWB RoC technology for biomedical sensing and imaging, specifically of the cardiovascular system. Imaging hardware was developed by research partners University of Oslo and sensor company Novelda. A modular system of simultaneously operated RoC transceivers with body-coupled antennas was constructed. Original contributions were made by generating system requirements, characterising MWI hardware, developing signal processing and imaging algorithms, and experimentally validating the system in human participants. More specifically, microwave interactions with biological tissues along with the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system were considered to generate system requirements. Developed hardware was tested and characterised experimentally and its feasibility for in-body sensing and imaging was assessed. Sensing experiments were performed with a single radar module, to demonstrate the ability of monitoring cardiovascular dynamics in the human body, and to explore the challenges associated with in-body radar signal processing. Finally, different antenna arrays with multiple synchronised radar modules were used to perform two-dimensional imaging: Dynamic imaging of both the femoral artery and the heart were demonstrated, as well as static imaging of a tissue-mimicking phantom. Simulated data were used to inform and optimise imaging algorithms. To our knowledge, this work was the first to demonstrate imaging in the human body using UWB RoC technology, and the second work to demonstrate dynamic MWI. Although many challenges remain, this work signifies that RoC technology could potentially enable accessible and low-cost devices for the assessment of cardiovascular function.
'My nation is not soil, my nation is alive’: positioning Armenian christian identity in the islamic republic of Iran
Creators: name: Barry, James Anthony
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This thesis is an ethnographic study of Armenian Christian identity in the Islamic Republic of Iran addressing the central question: to what extent has the exclusion of the religious minorities from the mainstream of Iran impacted on their ability or willingness to identify as Iranians? Moving beyond the discourse employed by official representatives, this study documents how Iranian Armenians living in Tehran – from a variety of age and class demographics, and with differing levels of involvement in community activities – conceive and express their identity. As a Christian minority in a state defined by Islam, Iranian Armenians relate their daily experiences, memories of discrimination and reactions to their marginal position to their identity. Many Armenians utilise their status as both a religious and ethnic minority to articulate why they do not consider themselves to be Iranians. As this discourse is more acute among the generation raised since the 1979 Revolution, whose attitudes towards other Iranians often differ sharply from those of their parents, this ethnography explores the consequences of their marginalisation. A significant part of this thesis examines how boundaries of identity are negotiated in Iran at the beginning of the twenty-first century. This includes how Armenians perceive themselves and other Iranians as well as how they consider that they are perceived the Muslim majority. Essentially, by living in a state defined by another religion, many Iranian Armenians struggle to feel part of the society and this contributes to the continual decline of the community through emigration much more strongly than any ‘intolerance’ from the society. This has great implications for the future of Iran and religious diversity in the Middle East.
title: "Aber das rechnet man doch mit der p-q-Formel!"
title: Wie erfassen Schülerinnen und Schüler Merkmale quadratischer Gleichungen?
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Block, Jan
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Didaktik der Mathematik
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: 510

description: Um bei der Bearbeitung quadratischer Gleichungen flexibel handeln zu können, ist die Kenntnis verschiedener Lösungsverfahren sowie die Wahrnehmung spezifischer Aufgabenmerkmale notwendig. Die Studie untersucht mithilfe spezieller Indikatoraufgaben, welche Merkmale Schülerinnen und Schüler erfassen und welche Bedeutungen sie diesen zuschreiben.
Gauge momenta as Casimir functions of nonholonomic systems
Creators: name: Garcia-Naranjo, Luis C.
name: Montaldi, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37J60, 70F25, 70H33, 70G45

description: We consider nonholonomic systems with symmetry possessing a certain type of first integrals that are linear in the velocities. We develop a systematic method for modifying the standard nonholonomic almost Poisson structure that describes the dynamics so that these integrals become Casimir functions after reduction. This explains a number of recent results on Hamiltonization of nonholonomic systems, and has consequences for the study of relative equilibria in such systems.
description: 31 pages, 1 figure
(200954) Ellen Louise Ashby
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Simple Floquet-Wannier-Stark-Andreev viewpoint and emergence of low-energy scales in a voltage-biased three-terminal Josephson junction
Creators: name: Mélin, Régis
name: Caputo, Jean-Guy
name: Yang, Kang
name: Douçot, Benoît
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A three-terminal Josephson junction consists of three superconductors coupled coherently to a small nonsuperconducting island, such as a diffusive metal, a single or double quantum dot. A specific resonant single quantum dot three-terminal Josephson junction $(S_a,S_b,S_c)$ biased with voltages $(V,-V,0)$ is considered, but the conclusions hold more generally for resonant semi-conducting quantum wire set-ups. A simple physical picture of the steady state is developed, using Floquet theory. It is shown that the equilibrium Andreev bound states (for $V=0$) evolve into nonequilibrium Floquet-Wannier-Stark-Andreev (FWS-Andreev) ladders of resonances (for $V\ne 0$). These resonances acquire a finite width due to multiple Andreev reflection (MAR) processes. We also consider the effect of an extrinsic line-width broadening on the quantum dot, introduced through a Dynes phenomenological parameter. The DC-quartet current manifests a cross-over between the extrinsic relaxation dominated regime at low voltage to an intrinsic relaxation due to MAR processes at higher voltage. Finally, we study the coupling between the two FWS-Andreev ladders due to Landau-Zener-Stückelberg transitions, and its effect on the cross-over in the relaxation mechanism. Three important low-energy scales are identified, and a perspective is to relate those low-energy scales to a recent noise cross-correlation experiment [Y. Cohen {\it et al.}, arXiv:1606.08436].
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, Supplemental Material as ancillary file (23 pages), minor modifications in presentation, Phys. Rev. B in press
Reduced fusion systems over $p$-groups with abelian subgroup of index $p$: II
Creators: name: Craven, David A.
name: Oliver, Bob
name: Semeraro, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20D20

description: Let $p$ be an odd prime, and let $S$ be a $p$-group with a unique elementary abelian subgroup $A$ of index $p$. We classify the simple fusion systems over all such groups $S$ in which $A$ is essential. The resulting list, which depends on the classification of finite simple groups, includes a large variety of new, exotic simple fusion systems.
REACH Story of Change: Enhancing climate resilience of water, sanitation & hygiene services in healthcare facilities in Kenya
Creators: name: REACH
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2023

description: In rural Africa dispensaries and clinics are the most common health care facility (HCF) type and the first point of service for the rural population. WASH services provision in these facilities is key to disease prevention, as underscored by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, data from WHO/UNICEF indicate that half of all health care facilities in developing countries lack basic water services and a quarter of them do not provide hand hygiene at points of care, creating risks for vulnerable patients and health care workers.
Instead of relying on community maintenance of waterpoints, new models of rural water service delivery that allocate risks and responsibilities between government and service providers are emerging, such as FundiFix. In 2020/21, FundiFix, ran a pilot programme in 12 HCFs in Kitui, Kenya, to test how such a professional service delivery model could be applied to health care facilities to deliver safe water and soap reliably.
Mathematikausbildung in den Ingenieurwissenschaften
Creators: name: Kallweit, Michael
name: Griese, Birgit
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Didaktik der Mathematik
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 510

description: Die Mathematikausbildung angehender Ingenieure fordert die Servicelehre der Hochschulen in vielfältiger didaktischer Hinsicht: Der eigene fachliche Anspruch muss mit dem erwünschten Praxisbezug sowie den späteren beruflichen Herausforderungen und der Erwartungshaltung der Industrie in Einklang gebracht werden; außerdem stellen die hohen Studierendenzahlen und der heterogene schulische Hintergrund der Studierenden Problemfelder dar. Die Sektion ermöglicht den Austausch der Erfahrungen und Erkenntnisse aus verschiedenen Forschungs- und Lehrprojekten.
Single cell gel electrophoresis-based investigations of UVR- and visible light-induced single strand breakage in cultured human cells
Creators: name: Kendall, Jeremy Fraser
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 1999

description: Merged with duplicate record 10026.1/627 on 27.02.2017 by CS (TIS)
description: Merged with duplicate record 10026.1/627 Submitted by Collection Services (collectionservices@plymouth.ac.uk) on 2011-09-23T10:53:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 300874.pdf: 34357514 bytes, checksum: ba348bb40e7ab7a3d9575bd4d8319acf (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Collection Services(collectionservices@plymouth.ac.uk) on 2011-09-23T10:53:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 300874.pdf: 34357514 bytes, checksum: ba348bb40e7ab7a3d9575bd4d8319acf (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2011-09-23T10:53:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 300874.pdf: 34357514 bytes, checksum: ba348bb40e7ab7a3d9575bd4d8319acf (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999
description: Single strand breaks induced by very low fluence UVR (20 µW cmˉ² , 310 nm) and visible light (70 µW cmˉ² , 405 nm) and higher fluence unfiltered xenon arc lamp radiation (3 mW cmˉ² ) were measured by single cell gel electrophoresis. The normal responses of 6 cell lines to the low fluence radiation show a peak in single strand breaks after approximately 2 minutes, after which time the single strand breakage returns to background levels despite continued irradiation. This was not observed with the higher fluence irradiation. The repair of these single strand breaks was observed to be complete within 4 minutes after both high and low fluence irradiation. The dose responses were modulated by beta-carotene and o-phenanthroline; these molecules appeared to have both photosensitising and photoprotective properties, in the cells tested at least. Inorganic arsenic (V) was observed to inhibit single strand break repair and the religation of repair-related excised lesions. Arsenic-induced crosslinking and the excision of the crosslinked lesions were observed. The Area Moment, a new parameter for the image analysis of these low dose phenomena based on the measurement of the Comet Area and DNA migration, is proposed. The Area Moment displayed a higher level of sensitivity to the dose responses. Lower variance in Area Moment data enabled statistical significance (p < 0.05, t-test) to be attained where existing parameters returned only borderline significance at best.
A novel probe of chiral restoration in nuclear medium
Creators: name: Gubler, Philipp
name: Kunihiro, Teiji
name: Lee, Su Houng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose measuring the mass shift and width broadening of the $f_1(1285)$ meson together with those of the $ω$ from a nuclear target as a means to experimentally probe the partial restoration of chiral symmetry inside the nuclear matter. The relation between the order parameter of chiral symmetry and the difference in the correlation functions of the $f_1(1285)$ current and the $ω$ current is discussed in the limit where the disconnected diagrams are neglected. A QCD sum rule analysis of the $f_1(1285)$ meson mass leads to about 100 MeV attraction in nuclear matter, which can be probed in future experiments.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, version to be published in Phys. Lett. B
title: Zur Erinnerung an Fritz Heusler-Brenner
title: geboren 6. April 1874, gestorben 1. Mai 1931
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Moppert, Oskar
name: Burckhardt, W.
name: Binz, Gustav
name: Miescher, Ernst
Publisher: name: [Werner-Riehm]
Year: 1931
Subjects: subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Nachruf
subject: Heusler, Fritz
subject: Basel

description: Enthält: Ansprache gehalten von Herrn Pfarrer O. Moppert, in der Engelgasskapelle, Montag, den 4. Mai 1931 ; Personalien von Fritz Heusler-Brenner ; Feier im Trauerhaus, gesprochen durch Herrn Pfarrer W. Burckhardt ; Ansprache am Grabe gehalten von Herrn Prof. Dr. Gustav Binz ; Wort gesprochen am Grabe durch Herrn Dr. Ernst Miescher, im Namen der Freunde ; Schlusswort am Grabe.
Damsels and dragons: representations of gender and sexual violence in contemporary epic fantasy
Creators: name: Prater, Lenise
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Despite 40 years of feminist campaigns about sexual violence, rape myths are still widely believed. Patriarchal stories are told about rape in popular culture as well as in courtrooms. The trauma experienced by victims is still rendered invisible through commonly held understandings about the body, gender and heterosexual romance. Feminists have analysed the representation of violence in many genres, including films, romance novels, media genres and legal discourse, and recognise that myths about rape are always narrated (affirmed and denied) within a genre. As yet, however, there has been no sustained interrogation of the genre of fantasy literature and the processes whereby it justifies or undermines the primacy of patriarchal narratives of sexual assault. This thesis takes a two-pronged approach to sexual violence within the fantasy genre, examining feminist and patriarchal texts in order to pinpoint how fantasists negotiate the genre with a view to challenge (or reiterate) rape myths. I use close reading to analyse the representation of gender and rape in relation to fantasy conventions in the work of four fantasists: Fiona McIntosh, Glenda Larke, Robert Jordan and Robin Hobb. Examining how fantasy conventions, such as magic, good and evil and world-building, interact with rape narratives in non-feminist fantasy texts helps elucidate the insidious techniques fantasists can access to depoliticise representations of sexual violence. Conversely, analysing feminist fantasy in relation to the patriarchal texts they subvert provides a clearer picture of how the genre functions ideologically and which generic conventions best lend themselves to a feminist re-visioning of the world. Those who experience rape are rendered victims in Jean-François Lyotard’s sense of the term; their testimony is rendered incomprehensible. The process whereby the trauma of rape will be rendered comprehensible requires that feminists rewrite commonsense understandings of the body, the self, gender and heterosexual relationships. All of these are implicated in the patriarchal construction of women’s bodies as especially vulnerable to rape, and men’s bodies as invulnerable to rape: these constructions render the trauma of both men’s and women’s victimisation unintelligible. Genres provide frameworks for meaning-making within which these revisions must occur; they provide genre-specific impediments and solutions to the problem of representing sexual violence. While, in this thesis, I illuminate how constructions of gender in fantasy texts can often reinforce the silencing of victims, ultimately I argue that the fantasy genre can provide metaphors for sexual violence which facilitate a more nuanced understanding of sexual violence and the resulting trauma.
(200951) Harriet [Williams]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Effects of impaired proteostasis on tissue physical properties in a model of bone-like tissue formation
Creators: name: Loaiza, Sandra
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Cellular function and viability and thus tissue health and integrity depend on the maintenance of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) by controlled protein degradation. Prolonged dysregulation of proteostasis is associated with age-related diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and cancer. However, as chronic imbalances rather than acute loss of proteostasis mediate the pathogenesis of these diseases, research models that allow for the study of the complex effects of drugs on tissue properties are almost completely lacking. The question of how impaired proteostasis affects tissues rather than single cells is also of relevance for proteostasis-targeting drugs, which are increasingly used in cancer therapies. In this project I aimed to determine the functional effects of impaired proteostatic fine-tuning by applying a combination of materials science characterisation techniques to a cell-derived, in vitro model of bone-like tissue formation in which I pharmacologically perturbed protein degradation. I demonstrate that low-level inhibition of VCP/p97 and the proteasome, two major components of the protein degradation machinery, have remarkably different effects on the bone-like material that human bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) form in vitro. Specifically, whilst proteasome inhibition mildly enhances tissue formation, Raman spectroscopic, atomic force microscopy-based indentation, and electron microscopy imaging reveal that VCP/p97 inhibition induces the formation of bone-like tissue that is softer, contains less protein, appears to have more crystalline mineral, and may involve aberrant micro- and ultra-structural tissue organisation. These observations contrast with findings from conventional osteogenic assays that fail to identify any effect on mineralisation. Taken together, these data suggest that mild proteostatic impairment in hMSC alters the bone-like material they form in ways that could explain some pathologies associated with VCP/p97-related diseases. They also demonstrate the value of quantitative materials science approaches for tackling long-standing questions in biology and medicine and could form the basis for preclinical drug testing platforms to develop therapies for diseases stemming from perturbed proteostasis or for cancer therapies targeting protein degradation. The findings may also have important implications for the field of tissue engineering, as the manufacture of cell-derived biomaterial scaffolds may need to consider proteostasis to effectively replicate native tissues.
Haematological parameters of alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with leaf essential oil of Hoslundia opposita (Vahl)
Creators: name: Akolade, J.O.
name: Muhammad, N.O.
name: Oloyede, O.B.
name: Usman, L.A.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: diabetic rats
subject: essential oil
subject: haematology
subject: Hoslundia opposita
subject: leaf
subject: 610

description: The effect of leaf essential oil of Hoslundia opposita (Vahl) on the haematological parameters of alloxan-induced diabetic rats was investigated. Forty-eight albino rats (Rattus norvegicus), of average weight 132.5 g, were randomly selected into normal and diabetic groups, each with four sub-groups. The rats were treated with 110 and 220 mg/kg body weight (b. wt.) of the essential oil. 14.2 mg/kg body weight of metformin (Glucophage) was used as a reference drug. All treatments were administered, intraperitoneally, once a day for four days. Haematological parameters like haemoglobin (HGB), red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, percentage lymphocytes (LYM) and neutrophils (NEU) were analysed. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the erythrocyte indices of all the normal (nondiabetic) rats, both treated and untreated. However, there was a significant increase (p <0.05) in the WBC count and a significant reduction (p <0.05) in the lymphocyte (LYM) percentages of the normal (non-diabetic) rats administered with higher dose of the essential oil. The results also revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the RBC counts of untreated diabetic rats and diabetic rats administered 110 mg/kg b. wt. of the oil respectively. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in the LYM of diabetic untreated rats was also observed, while administration of metformin and 110 mg/kg b. wt. Hoslundia opposita leaf essential oil (HOLEO) to diabetic rats significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the LYM percentages to values within range of the normal control animals. Overall, administration of the oil has significant ameliorative effect on alloxan-induced anaemia in diabetic state and this may be of immense benefits in the management of type 2 diabetes and its associated haematological complications.
description: EXCLI Journal ; Vol. 11, 2012
THE STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY OF SOME METALLURGICAL CARBONS
Creators: name: Adams, Kenneth Edwin
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 1988

description: The reactivity and micro-structure of three coals and two cokes used in iron and steel manufacture have been studied by a variety of techniques, including gas sorption analysis, thermal analysis and microscopy. Changes in surface areas and porosities of the coals and cokes during combustion have been determined by a gravimetric nitrogen sorption technique at 77K. The cokes and coals have been studied by thermal analysis under isothermal and dynamic conditions in different gas atmospheres. Rates of reaction have been correlated with surface area changes. Attempts have been made to calculate activation energies from Kissinger plots of DTA data. Microstructural changes in the cokes and coals during carbon burn-off have been investigated by electron microscopy. Relative porosities have been estimated by image analysis. Mechanical strengths of the cokes have been measured and correlated with porosity data. Selected metals in the carbons have been determined by flame photometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The composition of residual mineral matter (ash) has been investigated by X-ray diffraction. The chemical compositions of the coal distillates have been characterised by ir/uv spectrosopy, NMR spectroscopy and by GC-MS techniques. Calorific values of the carbons have been determined. Results are discussed in relation to previous work and to applications 1n blast furnace practice. In coal combustion the surface areas increase during the initial stages of carbon burn-off, reaching maximum at about 50% burn-off before decreasing. The increases are considerably higher at 400° and 500° C than at 300° C for all three coals. Hysteresis data from the sorption isotherms show that the coals develop full ranges of mesa-porosity and some micro-porosity during burn-off at the higher temperatures. However, the coal oxidation is only slightly accelerated, since most of the new surface is located in the micro- and meso- pores where access to atmospheric oxygen is restricted by slow diffusion, so that the earlier stages of oxidation are approximately linear with time. This improves our knowledge of current empirical industrial carbon solution tests. There is comparatively little change in surface during the coking of the Coals at 1000° C and only restricted sintering of the coal ashes at 300- 500° C. In the combustion of the cokes in carbon dioxide at 1000° C the maxima in surface areas occur within 25% burn-off. However, one of the cokes shows a second maximum at later stages of burn-off, ascribed to the European component in the parent coal blend. This gives a more uniform rate of burn-off which is advantageous industrially.
Giant Anharmonicity and Nonlinear Electron-Phonon Coupling in MgB2
Creators: name: Brown, C. M.
name: Gülseren, O.
name: Lynn, J. W.
name: Udovic, T. J.
name: Yildirim, T.
Publisher: name: The American Physical Society
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: 530

description: Physical Review Letters
Two-electron bound states near a Coulomb impurity in gapped graphene
Creators: name: De Martino, A.
name: Egger, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate and solve the perhaps simplest two-body bound state problem for interacting Dirac fermions in two spatial dimensions. A two-body bound state is predicted for gapped graphene monolayers in the presence of weakly repulsive electron-electron interactions and a Coulomb impurity with charge $Ze>0$, where the most interesting case corresponds to $Z=1$. We introduce a variational Chandrasekhar-Dirac spinor wave function and show the existence of at least one bound state. This state leaves clear signatures accessible by scanning tunneling microscopy. One may thereby obtain direct information about the strength of electron-electron interactions in graphene.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, final version, accepted for publication in PRB
Dipole Blockade and Quantum Information Processing in Mesoscopic Atomic Ensembles
Creators: name: Cote, R.
name: Duan, L. M.
name: Fleischhauer, M.
name: Jaksch, D.
name: Lukin, M. D.
Publisher: name: The American Physical Society
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: 530

description: Physical Review Letters
title: Density functional theories and the structure of fluids near walls
Creators: name: Augousti, Andreas T.
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: The structure of fluids near walls is examined using density functional techniques. A brief introduction to the subject is given, followed by a mathematical derivation of some important basic results. A linear (Chap.3) and non-linear (Chap.4) density functional approximation for the thermodynamic potential is used to treat a model fluid comprised of hard spheres with embedded point ions or dipoles confined between two hard infinite planar walls. Results are obtained and compared for the charge and polarisation densities. Both theories produce oscillatory charge and polarisation density profiles, in agreement with results at a single wall from other workers. These results differ qualitatively with those given by earlier, continuum theories of the electrical double layer such as Debye-Huckel and Poisson-Boltzmann. A modified functional is introduced (Chap.5), and is used to treat a simple fluid of hard spheres. A single variable parameter of the theory is chosen to ensure thermodynamic consistency, and results for the number density are obtained. These results are in excellent agreement with results from Monte Carlo computer experiments, even up to unrealistically high fluid densities. The modified functional is further applied to a hard sphere fluid with attractive long-range interactions. This leads to wetting of the walls by vapour, a result also observed previously at a single wall. Finally,. a perturbation treatment is applied to experimental scattering data to give a potential of mean force for an aqueous dispersion of polystyrene spheres.
Fluctuations in Stationary Nonequilibrium States of Irreversible Processes
Creators: name: Bertini, L.
name: De Sole, A.
name: Gabrielli, D.
name: Jona-Lasinio, G.
name: Landim, C.
Publisher: name: The American Physical Society
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: 530

description: Physical Review Letters
Crowdsourcing for Identification of Polyp-Free Segments in Virtual Colonoscopy Videos
Creators: name: Park, Ji Hwan
name: Mirhosseini, Seyedkoosha
name: Nadeem, Saad
name: Marino, Joseph
name: Kaufman, Arie
name: Baker, Kevin
name: Barish, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Virtual colonoscopy (VC) allows a physician to virtually navigate within a reconstructed 3D colon model searching for colorectal polyps. Though VC is widely recognized as a highly sensitive and specific test for identifying polyps, one limitation is the reading time, which can take over 30 minutes per patient. Large amounts of the colon are often devoid of polyps, and a way of identifying these polyp-free segments could be of valuable use in reducing the required reading time for the interrogating radiologist. To this end, we have tested the ability of the collective crowd intelligence of non-expert workers to identify polyp candidates and polyp-free regions. We presented twenty short videos flying through a segment of a virtual colon to each worker, and the crowd was asked to determine whether or not a possible polyp was observed within that video segment. We evaluated our framework on Amazon Mechanical Turk and found that the crowd was able to achieve a sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 86.5% in identifying video segments which contained a clinically proven polyp. Since each polyp appeared in multiple consecutive segments, all polyps were in fact identified. Using the crowd results as a first pass, 80% of the video segments could in theory be skipped by the radiologist, equating to a significant time savings and enabling more VC examinations to be performed.
(200946) Alice Elizabeth Williams
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
'Walking the same talk': promoting cultural reform in Victorian child protection and family services through the best interests case practice model
Creators: name: Miller, Robyn
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: Submission note: A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Department of Social Work and Social Policy, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora.

This thesis has explored the promotion of cultural reform in Victorian child protection and family services in the decade through to 2012. The integration of knowledge from research and critical reflection has been promoted through the Best Interests Case Practice Model which was accepted across sectors following new legislation which was enacted in 2007. The dominant paradigm of risk assessment in the dynamic and uncertain life events of vulnerable families, had previously led child protection to a siloed focus on the risk of immediate harm to children. The acknowledgement of cumulative harm and the process of systemic reform in Victoria which developed a diversionary family support system known as Child First, has promoted practice which is trauma and developmentally informed, child focussed and family centred. Using a case study research methodology inclusive of two published works, a detailed analysis of available evidence, including primary data gained from five focus groups, was undertaken to explore the contribution of the model and the process of reform. Practice was found to have improved in multiple dimensions over the period of reform and, whilst acknowledging areas for improvement, and ongoing demand and capacity challenges, the overall success of the reforms in Victoria is clear. The importance of a shared language and a coherent understanding of trauma, risk and child development across sectors has been a key finding of the case study, as has the importance of supporting practitioners to integrate research into practice, through modelling and live supervision by senior practitioners with the most complex cases. In short, leaders and practitioners at all levels ‘walking the talk’ have been key to affecting change.
Rapid adaptation of a polygenic trait after a sudden environmental shift
Creators: name: Jain, Kavita
name: Stephan, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Although a number of studies have shown that natural and laboratory populations initially well-adapted to their environment can evolve rapidly when conditions suddenly change, the dynamics of rapid adaptation are not well understood. Here a population genetic model of polygenic selection is analyzed to describe the short-term response of a quantitative trait after a sudden shift of the phenotypic optimum. We provide explicit analytical expressions for the time scales over which the trait mean approaches the new optimum. We find that when the effect sizes are small relative to a scaled mutation rate, the genomic signatures of polygenic selection are small to moderate allele frequency changes that occur in the short-term phase in a synergistic fashion. In contrast, selective sweeps, i.e., dramatic changes in the allele frequency may occur provided the size of the effect is sufficiently large. Applications of our theoretical results to the relationship between QTL and selective sweep mapping and to tests of fast polygenic adaptation are discussed.