cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Numerical relativity simulations of thick accretion disks around tilted Kerr black holes
Creators: name: Mewes, Vassilios
name: Font, José A.
name: Galeazzi, Filippo
name: Montero, Pedro J.
name: Stergioulas, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we present 3D numerical relativity simulations of thick accretion disks around tilted Kerr BH. We investigate the evolution of three different initial disk models with a range of initial black hole spin magnitudes and tilt angles. For all the disk-to-black hole mass ratios considered (0.044-0.16) we observe significant black hole precession and nutation during the evolution. This indicates that for such mass ratios, neglecting the self-gravity of the disks by evolving them in a fixed background black hole spacetime is not justified. We find that the two more massive models are unstable against the Papaloizou-Pringle (PP) instability and that those PP-unstable models remain unstable for all initial spins and tilt angles considered, showing that the development of the instability is a very robust feature of such PP-unstable disks. Our lightest model, which is the most astrophysically favorable outcome of mergers of binary compact objects, is stable. The tilt between the black hole spin and the disk is strongly modulated during the growth of the PP instability, causing a partial global realignment of black hole spin and disk angular momentum in the most massive model with constant specific angular momentum l. For the model with non-constant l-profile we observe a long-lived m=1 non-axisymmetric structure which shows strong oscillations of the tilt angle in the inner regions of the disk. This effect might be connected to the development of Kozai-Lidov oscillations. Our simulations also confirm earlier findings that the development of the PP instability causes the long-term emission of large amplitude gravitational waves, predominantly for the l=m=2 multipole mode. The imprint of the BH precession on the gravitational waves from tilted BH-torus systems remains an interesting open issue that would require significantly longer simulations than those presented in this work.
description: 35 pages, 33 figures, accepted for publication in PRD
The Effects of State Psychiatric Hospital Waitlist Policies on Length of Stay and Time to Readmission
Creators: name: Swartz, Marvin S.
name: Lich, Kristen Hassmiller
name: Morrissey, Joseph P.
name: La, Elizabeth Holdsworth
name: Kosorok, Michael R.
name: Ellis, Alan R.
name: Zhu, Ruoqing
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: This study examined the effects of a waitlist policy for state psychiatric hospitals on length of stay and time to readmission using data from North Carolina for 2004–2010. Cox proportional hazards models tested the hypothesis that patients were discharged “quicker-but-sicker” post-waitlist, as hospitals struggled to manage admission delays and quickly admit waitlisted patients. Results refute this hypothesis, indicating that waitlists were associated with increased length of stay and time to readmission. Further research is needed to evaluate patients’ clinical outcomes directly and to examine the impact of state hospital waitlists in other areas, such as state hospital case mix, local emergency departments, and outpatient mental health agencies.
Noise Detection with Spectator Qubits and Quantum Feature Engineering
Creators: name: Youssry, Akram
name: Paz-Silva, Gerardo A.
name: Ferrie, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Designing optimal control pulses that drive a noisy qubit to a target state is a challenging and crucial task for quantum engineering. In a situation where the properties of the quantum noise affecting the system are dynamic, a periodic characterization procedure is essential to ensure the models are updated. As a result, the operation of the qubit is disrupted frequently. In this paper, we propose a protocol that addresses this challenge by making use of a spectator qubit to monitor the noise in real-time. We develop a machine-learning-based quantum feature engineering approach for designing the protocol. The complexity of the protocol is front-loaded in a characterization phase, which allow real-time execution during the quantum computations. We present the results of numerical simulations that showcase the favorable performance of the protocol.
description: The source code, datasets, and trained models that were used to generate the results in this paper are publicly available at https://github.com/akramyoussry/QFEND
Performance-Based Contracting and the Moderating Influence of Caseworker Role Overload on Service Provision in Child Welfare
Creators: name: Chuang, Emmeline
name: Reiter, Kristin
name: Wells, Rebecca
name: Green, Sherri
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Although performance-based contracts have become increasingly popular in child welfare, administrators are developing these contracts with little empirically guided information about how internal work conditions may influence the services families receive. This study examines how child welfare caseworker role overload moderates associations between child welfare agencies’ use of performance-based contracting and services provided to families. Analyses using data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being suggest that when caseworkers experience high role overload, use of performance-based contracts may decrease caregivers’ likelihood of receiving necessary social and behavioral health services. These findings and their implications are discussed.
(101149) Thomas Ogden Hassell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Pituitary gland: beyond adenomas
Creators: name: Muñoz López, José
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Pathology
subject: Education
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CNS

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of this educational exhibit is to review imaging findings of lesions of the pituitary gland looking beyond adenomas, based on interesting cases that highlight features of different pathology. Pearls and pitfalls for accurate assessment...
Some exact results for the zero-bandwidth extended Hubbard model with intersite charge and magnetic interactions
Creators: name: Kapcia, Konrad Jerzy
name: Kłobus, Waldemar
name: Robaszkiewicz, Stanisław
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extended Hubbard model in the zero-bandwidth limit is studied. The effective Hamiltonian consists of (i) on-site $U$ interaction and intersite (ii) density-density interaction $W$ and (iii) Ising-like magnetic exchange interaction $J$ (between the nearest-neighbors). We present rigorous (and analytical) results obtained within the transfer-matrix method for 1D-chain in two particular cases: (a) $W=0$ and $n=1$; (b) $U\rightarrow+\infty$ and $n=1/2$ ($W\neq 0$, $J\neq 0$). We obtain the exact formulas for the partition functions which enables to calculate thermodynamic properties such as entropy, specific heat ($c$), and double occupancy per site. In both cases the system exhibits an interesting temperature dependence of $c$ involving a characteristic two-peak structure. There are no phase transitions at finite temperatures and the only transitions occur in the ground state.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; pdf-ReVTeX; updated references; presented at The European Conference PHYSICS OF MAGNETISM 2014 (PM'14), June 23-27, 2014, Poznan, Poland; submitted to Acta Physica Polonica A
Lipid-based systemic delivery of siRNA
Creators: name: Huang, Leaf
name: Mozumdar, Subho
name: Tseng, Yu Cheng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: RNAi technology has brought a new category of treatments for various diseases including genetic diseases, viral diseases, and cancer. Despite the great versatility of RNAi that can down regulate almost any protein in the cells, the delicate and precise machinery used for silencing is the same. The major challenge indeed for RNAi-based therapy is the delivery system. In this review, we start with the uniqueness and mechanism of RNAi machinery and the utility of RNAi in therapeutics. Then we discuss the challenges in systemic siRNA delivery by dividing them into two categories--kinetic and physical barriers. At the end, we discuss different strategies to overcome these barriers, especially focusing on the step of endosome escape. Toxicity issues and current successful examples for lipid-based delivery are also included in the review.
title: Pleural appendages: A fresh upholstery for a vintage car.
Creators: name: Villanueva Marcos, Alberto
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Inflammation
subject: Acute
subject: Normal variants
subject: CT
subject: Thorax

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1. To know what pleural appendages are and what is their relationship with extrapleural fat 2. To learn about their characteristics on CT 3. To understand their role as a fundamental in epipericadial fat necrosis and...
(101151) Peter Hassell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Null controllability for degenerate parabolic equations with a nonlocal space term
Creators: name: Allal, B.
name: Fragnelli, G.
name: Salhi, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider two degenerate heat equations with a nonlocal space term, studying, in particular, their null controllability property. To this aim, we first consider the associated nonhomogeneous degenerate heat equations: we study their well posedness, the Carleman estimates for the associated adjoint problems and, finally, the null controllability. Then, as a consequence, using the Kakutani's fixed point Theorem, we deduce the null controllability property for the initial nonlocal problems.
The Differential Size Growth of Field and Cluster Galaxies at z=2.1 Using the ZFOURGE Survey
Creators: name: Allen, Rebecca J.
name: Kacprzak, Glenn G.
name: Spitler, Lee R.
name: Glazebrook, Karl
name: Labbé, Ivo
name: Tran, Kim-Vy H.
name: Straatman, Caroline M. S.
name: Nanayakkara, Themiya
name: Quadri, Ryan F.
name: Cowley, Michael
name: Monson, Andy
name: Papovich, Casey
name: Persson, S. Eric
name: Rees, Glen
name: Tilvi, V.
name: Tomczak, Adam R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is ongoing debate regarding the extent that environment affects galaxy size growth beyond z>1. To investigate the differences in star-forming and quiescent galaxy properties as a function of environment at z=2.1, we create a mass-complete sample of 59 cluster galaxies Spitler et al. (2012) and 478 field galaxies with log(M)>9 using photometric redshifts from the ZFOURGE survey. We compare the mass-size relation of field and cluster galaxies using measured galaxy semi-major axis half-light radii ($r_{1/2,maj}$) from CANDELS HST/F160W imaging. We find consistent mass normalized (log(M)=10.7) sizes for quiescent field galaxies ($r_{1/2,maj}=1.81\pm0.29$ kpc) and quiescent cluster galaxies ($r_{1/2,maj}=2.17\pm0.63$ kpc). The mass normalized size of star-forming cluster galaxies ($r_{1/2,maj}=4.00\pm0.26$ kpc ) is 12% larger (KS test $2.1σ$) than star-forming field galaxies ($r_{1/2,maj}=3.57\pm0.10$ kpc). From the mass-color relation we find that quiescent field galaxies with 9.710.4 have consistent colors. We find that star-forming cluster galaxies are on average 20% redder than star-forming field galaxies at all masses. Furthermore, we stack galaxy images to measure average radial color profiles as a function of mass. Negative color gradients are only present for massive star-forming field and cluster galaxies with log(M)>10.4, the remaining galaxy masses and types have flat profiles. Our results suggest given the observed differences in size and color of star-forming field and cluster galaxies, that the environment has begun to influence/accelerate their evolution. However, the lack of differences between field and cluster quiescent galaxies indicates that the environment has not begun to significantly influence their evolution at z~2.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted by ApJ. Information on ZFOURGE can be found at http://zfourge.tamu.edu
Engineering nanomedicines using stimuli-responsive biomaterials
Creators: name: DeSimone, Joseph M.
name: Napier, Mary E.
name: Byrne, James D.
name: Wang, Yapei
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The ability to engineer particles has the potential to shift the paradigm in the creation of new medicines and diagnostics. Complete control over particle characteristics, such as size, shape, mechanical property, and surface chemistry, can enable rapid translation and facilitate the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of particle technologies for the treatment of cancer, infectious diseases, diabetes, and a host of other major illnesses. The incorporation of natural and artificial external stimuli to trigger the release of drugs enables exquisite control over the release profiles of drugs in a given environment. In this article, we examine several readily scalable top-down methods for the fabrication of shape-specific particles that utilize stimuli-responsive biomaterials for controlled drug delivery. Special attention is given to Particle Replication In Nonwetting Templates (PRINT®) technology and the application of novel triggered-release synthetic and natural polymers.
Local delivery of nitric oxide: Targeted delivery of therapeutics to bone and connective tissues
Creators: name: Storm, Wesley L.
name: Koh, Ahyeon
name: Nichols, Scott P.
name: Schoenfisch, Mark H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Non-invasive treatment of injuries and disorders affecting bones and connective tissue is a significant challenge facing the medical community. A treatment route that has recently been proposed is nitric oxide (NO) therapy. Nitric oxide plays several roles in physiology with many conditions lacking adequate levels of NO. As NO is a radical, localized delivery via NO donors is essential to promoting biological activity. Herein, we review current literature related to therapeutic NO delivery in the treatment of bone, skin and tendon repair.
title: Triple ID patient check: How do we fare? A local audit
Creators: name: Ramesh, Nagabathula
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: eHealth
subject: Management
subject: Radiographers
subject: CT
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: RIS
subject: Audit and standards
subject: Education
subject: Safety
subject: Education and training
subject: Workforce

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess if patients attending radiology department were being correctly identified prior to Radiological procedure by the radiographer/sonographer/Consultant Radiologists. Positive patient identification is an...
Analysis methods of safe Coulomb-excitation experiments with radioactive ion beams using the gosia code
Creators: name: Zielińska, M.
name: Gaffney, L. P.
name: Wrzosek-Lipska, K.
name: Clément, E.
name: Grahn, T.
name: Kesteloot, N.
name: Napiorkowski, P.
name: Pakarinen, J.
name: Van Duppen, P.
name: Warr, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the recent advances in radioactive ion beam technology, Coulomb excitation at safe energies becomes an important experimental tool in nuclear-structure physics. The usefulness of the technique to extract key information on the electromagnetic properties of nuclei has been demonstrated since the 1960's with stable beam and target combinations. New challenges present themselves when studying exotic nuclei with this technique, including dealing with low statistics or number of data points, absolute and relative normalisation of the measured cross sections and a lack of complimentary experimental data, such as excited-state lifetimes and branching ratios. This paper addresses some of these common issues and presents analysis techniques to extract transition strengths and quadrupole moments utilising the least-squares fit code, {\rmfamily \textsc{gosia}}.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, to be published in European Physical Journal A
Can nanomedicines kill cancer stem cells?
Creators: name: Zhao, Yi
name: Kabanov, Alexander V.
name: Alakhova, Daria Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Most tumors are heterogeneous and many cancers contain small population of highly tumorigenic and intrinsically drug resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). Like normal stem cell, CSCs have ability to self-renew and differentiate to other tumor cell types. They are believed to be a source for drug resistance, tumor recurrence and metastasis. CSCs often overexpress drug efflux transporters, spend most of their time in non-dividing G0 cell cycle state, and therefore, can escape the conventional chemotherapies. Thus, targeting CSCs is essential for developing novel therapies to prevent cancer relapse and emerging of drug resistance. Nanocarrier-based therapeutic agents (nanomedicines) have been used to achieve longer circulation times, better stability and bioavailability over current therapeutics. Recently, some groups have successfully applied nanomedicines to target CSCs to eliminate the tumor and prevent its recurrence. These approaches include 1) delivery of therapeutic agents (small molecules, siRNA, antibodies) that affect embryonic signaling pathways implicated in self-renewal and differentiation in CSCs, 2) inhibiting drug efflux transporters in an attempt to sensitize CSCs to therapy, 3) targeting metabolism in CSCs through nanoformulated chemicals and field-responsive magnetic nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes, and 4) disruption of multiple pathways in drug resistant cells using combination of chemotherapeutic drugs with amphiphilic Pluronic block copolymers. Despite clear progress of these studies the challenges of targeting CSCs by nanomedicines still exist and leave plenty of room for improvement and development. This review summarizes biological processes that are related to CSCs, overviews the current state of anti-CSCs therapies, and discusses state-of-the-art nanomedicine approaches developed to kill CSCs.
(101153) Edward Ogden Hassell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
BAR: Blockwise Adaptive Recoding for Batched Network Coding
Creators: name: Yin, Hoover H. F.
name: Yang, Shenghao
name: Zhou, Qiaoqiao
name: Yung, Lily M. L.
name: Ng, Ka Hei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-hop networks become popular network topologies in various emerging Internet of things applications. Batched network coding (BNC) is a solution to reliable communications in such networks with packet loss. By grouping packets into small batches and restricting recoding to the packets belonging to the same batch, BNC has a much smaller computational and storage requirements at the intermediate nodes compared with a direct application of random linear network coding. In this paper, we propose a practical recoding scheme called blockwise adaptive recoding (BAR) which learns the latest channel knowledge from short observations so that BAR can adapt to the fluctuation of channel conditions. We focus on investigating practical concerns such as the design of efficient BAR algorithms. We also design and investigate feedback schemes for BAR under imperfect feedback systems. Our numerical evaluations show that BAR has significant throughput gain for small batch size compared with the existing baseline recoding scheme. More importantly, this gain is insensitive to inaccurate channel knowledge. This encouraging result suggests that BAR is suitable to be realized in practice as the exact channel model and its parameters could be unknown and subject to change from time to time.
description: submitted for journal publication
title: Diagnostic accuracy of two open-source vs. one business software, in Colonoscopy CT Colonography (CCTC).
Creators: name: Martini, Chiara
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Technology assessment
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Colonography CT
subject: CT-Quantitative
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: CT
subject: Computer applications
subject: Colon
subject: Abdomen

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: In the last years, the Colonoscopy CT Colonography (CCTC) is increasing its clinical use [ 1 ], especially in the cases in which it is not possible to perform a conventional optic Colonoscopy (from the rectum to the valve ileo-cecal). A qualitative...
Folding and insertion thermodynamics of the transmembrane WALP peptide
Creators: name: Bereau, Tristan
name: Bennett, W. F. Drew
name: Pfaendtner, Jim
name: Deserno, Markus
name: Karttunen, Mikko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The anchor of most integral membrane proteins consists of one or several helices spanning the lipid bilayer. The WALP peptide, GWW(LA)$_n$(L)WWA, is a common model helix to study the fundamentals of protein insertion and folding, as well as helix-helix association in the membrane. Its structural properties have been illuminated in a large number of experimental and simulation studies. In this combined coarse-grained and atomistic simulation study, we probe the thermodynamics of a single WALP peptide, focusing on both the insertion across the water-membrane interface, as well as folding in both water and a membrane. The potential of mean force characterizing the peptide's insertion into the membrane shows qualitatively similar behavior across peptides and three force fields. However, the Martini force field exhibits a pronounced secondary minimum for an adsorbed interfacial state, which may even become the global minimum---in contrast to both atomistic simulations and the alternative PLUM force field. Even though the two coarse-grained models reproduce the free energy of insertion of individual amino acids side chains, they both underestimate its corresponding value for the full peptide (as compared with atomistic simulations), hinting at cooperative physics beyond the residue level. Folding of WALP in the two environments indicates the helix as the most stable structure, though with different relative stabilities and chain-length dependence.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
(101148) Elizabeth Lowery
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LEGAL SPHERE
Creators: name: Kondrashova, I.V.
name: Letyagina, N.P.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2022
Subjects: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
HISTORY
DEVELOPMENT
LEGAL REGULATION
DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

description: At the present stage of new technologies development much attention has recently been paid to the issues connected with artificial intelligence. This article is devoted to artificial intelligence and robotization: the history of artificial intelligence development is presented, it is concluded that nowadays there is no universal legislation in the field of artificial intelligence and the use of robots all over the world. The article emphasizes that the phenomenon of artificial intelligence has not yet been fully studied, therefore, the problem of developing legislation in this area remains relevant throughout the world.
Fatty acids as therapeutic auxiliaries for oral and parenteral formulations
Creators: name: Cho, Moo J.
name: Hackett, Michael J.
name: Zaro, Jennica L.
name: Shen, Wei Chiang
name: Guley, Patrick C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Many drugs have decreased therapeutic activity due to issues with absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. The co-formulation or covalent attachment of drugs with fatty acids has demonstrated some capacity to overcome these issues by improving intestinal permeability, slowing clearance and binding serum proteins for selective tissue uptake and metabolism. For orally administered drugs, albeit at low level of availability, the presence of fatty acids and triglycerides in the intestinal lumen may promote intestinal uptake of small hydrophilic molecules. Small lipophilic drugs or acylated hydrophilic drugs also show increased lymphatic uptake and enhanced passive diffusional uptake. Fatty acid conjugation of small and large proteins or peptides have exhibited protracted plasma half-lives, site-specific delivery and sustained release upon parenteral administration. These improvements are most likely due to associations with lipid-binding serum proteins, namely albumin, LDL and HDL. These molecular interactions, although not fully characterized, could provide the ability of using the endogenous carrier systems for improving therapeutic outcomes.
(101150) Walter Jeffries Hassell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: New cancer therapies: Adequate Imaging Assessment of Immunomodulators
Creators: name: González Zapico, Guillermo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: CT
subject: Oncology
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Biological effects
subject: Multidisciplinary cancer care

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To review the response evaluation of immunotherapeutic agents with the immune – related Response Criteria (irRC), advances made since their implementation and potential imaging pitfalls that derive from their...
Doubly infinite separation of quantum information and communication
Creators: name: Liu, Zi-Wen
name: Perry, Christopher
name: Zhu, Yechao
name: Koh, Dax Enshan
name: Aaronson, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We prove the existence of (one-way) communication tasks with a subconstant versus superconstant asymptotic gap, which we call "doubly infinite," between their quantum information and communication complexities. We do so by studying the exclusion game [C. Perry et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 030504 (2015)] for which there exist instances where the quantum information complexity tends to zero as the size of the input $n$ increases. By showing that the quantum communication complexity of these games scales at least logarithmically in $n$, we obtain our result. We further show that the established lower bounds and gaps still hold even if we allow a small probability of error. However in this case, the $n$-qubit quantum message of the zero-error strategy can be compressed polynomially.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures. v4: minor errors fixed; close to published version; v5: financial support info added
Nanocarriers for delivery of platinum anticancer drugs
Creators: name: Kabanov, Alexander V.
name: Oberoi, Hardeep S.
name: Nukolova, Natalia V.
name: Bronich, Tatiana K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Platinum based anticancer drugs have revolutionized cancer chemotherapy, and continue to be in widespread clinical use especially for management of tumors of the ovary, testes, and the head and neck. However, several dose limiting toxicities associated with platinum drug use, partial anti-tumor response in most patients, development of drug resistance, tumor relapse, and many other challenges have severely limited the patient quality of life. These limitations have motivated an extensive research effort towards development of new strategies for improving platinum therapy. Nanocarrier-based delivery of platinum compounds is one such area of intense research effort beginning to provide encouraging preclinical and clinical results and may allow the development of the next generation of platinum chemotherapy. This review highlights current understanding on the pharmacology and limitations of platinum compounds in clinical use, and provides a comprehensive analysis of various platinum–polymer complexes, micelles, dendrimers, liposomes and other nanoparticles currently under investigation for delivery of platinum drugs.
title: CT-signs of vulnerability in soft and mixed coronary plaques: comparison with intravascular ultrasound in “grey scale” and intravascular ultrasound with spectral analysis.
Creators: name: Shabanova, Maria
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Percutaneous
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Arteriosclerosis

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To determinatethe accuracyof coronary CT angiography (CTA) in the assessment of atherosclerotic changings in coronary arteries; To identify the CT-signs of vulnerabilityin different types of plaques that are detected withintravascular ultrasound...
title: Data-driven Innovation. Is Big Data the new Source of Business Ideas?
Creators: name: Sturm, Anna Theresa
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Data-driven innovation
subject: GDPR
subject: ChatGPT
subject: Data-driven optimization
subject: database technologies

description: This research aimed to understand the potential of data-driven innovation (DDI) and answer the question whether big data is the new source of business ideas. Literaturereview uncovered that there is no universal definition of DDI although the main ideaof creating something new or a better version of something based on data is alwayspresent. I found a considerable number of empirical studies focusing on enabling factors(digital literacy, data-driven culture, IT & big data management capabilities, maturityof digital/data strategy) and DDI’s impact on a firm’s innovation and financialperformance. The highly interdisciplinarity and complex nature of the topic required a comprehensive conceptual phase in advance, gathering and tying up the “loose ends”of previous research. Following this iterative process, I finally formulated my researchquestions. Subsequently, I conducted five qualitative interviews with experts of different industries. The aim was to look at DDI from different angles and gain first-handpractical insights and best practice on how an organization needs to be set up, what (political, legal, technical) requirements are needed for DDI, and how data influence the innovation process. Based on the interviews, I drew the “Model of the DDI Ecosystem”,displaying relevant players/roles and influencing/enabling factors. I state that big data is a very valuable source of innovation but will not (entirely) replace other sources and conclude with “The 3 Faces of DDI” – (1) the usage of AI tools to increase efficiency in day-to-day business, substantially changing the way-of-working, (2) the usage of big data analytics, models, and machine learning for innovating and optimizing products, services, and processes in the existing business (as routine/targeted internal innovation or also data-driven optimization (DDO)) and (3) the usage of big datasets and analytics for the development of new products, services, or business models(as architectural or radical/disruptive external innovation or also data-based innovation(DBI)) that requires exchange of large amount of anonymized and aggregated dataacross company-, industry- and country-borders. Where as the first face of DDI is a“next level of software tools” and easy to implement, the second face requires more internal capabilities and competencies regarding data management, processing, and literacy. The third face is the most complex one, raising legal and ethical questions aswell as the issue of information/data security and entrepreneurial competitiveness. Finally,recommendations for further research were made for all the “3 Faces of DDI”.
title: Small Bowel Neoplasm: A Guide for the Radiology Trainee
Creators: name: Garbera, David
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Lymphoma
subject: Cancer
subject: Education
subject: CT
subject: Small bowel
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: We present a pictorial review of the varied imaging appearances of the neoplasms involving the small bowel and describe the features to differentiate...
An overview of microRNAs
Creators: name: Hammond, Scott M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The discovery of the first microRNA (miRNA) over 20 years ago has ushered in a new era in molecular biology. There are now over 2000 miRNAs that have been discovered in humans and it is believed that they collectively regulate one third of the genes in the genome. miRNAs have been linked to many human diseases and are being pursued as clinical diagnostics and as therapeutic targets. This review presents an overview of the miRNA pathway, including biogenesis routes, biological roles, and clinical approaches.
Cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of oligonucleotides: Implications for oligonucleotide pharmacology
Creators: name: Carver, K.
name: Juliano, R. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Oligonucleotides manifest much promise as potential therapeutic agents. However, understanding of how oligonucleotides function within living organisms is still rather limited. A major concern in this regard is the mechanisms of cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of both 'free' oligonucleotides and oligonucleotides associated with various polymeric or nanocarrier delivery systems. Here we review basic aspects of the mechanisms of endocytosis and intracellular trafficking and how insights from these processes can be used to understand oligonucleotide delivery. In particular we discuss opportunities for escape of oligonucleotides from endomembrane compartments and describe recent studies using small molecules to enhance oligonucleotide effects.
(101146) John Lowrey
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Elliptical Galaxies and Bulges of Disk Galaxies: Summary of Progress and Outstanding Issues
Creators: name: Kormendy, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the summary chapter of a review book on galaxy bulges. Bulge properties and formation histories are more varied than those of ellipticals. I emphasize two advances: 1 - "Classical bulges" are observationally indistinguishable from ellipticals, and like them, are thought to form by major galaxy mergers. "Disky pseudobulges" are diskier and more actively star-forming (except in S0s) than are ellipticals. Theys are products of the slow ("secular") evolution of galaxy disks: bars and other nonaxisymmetries move disk gas toward the center, where it starbursts and builds relatively flat, rapidly rotating components. This secular evolution is a new area of galaxy evolution work that complements hierarchical clustering. 2 - Disks of high-redshift galaxies are unstable to the formation of mass clumps that sink to the center and merge - an alternative channel for the formation of classical bulges. I review successes and unsolved problems in the formation of bulges+ellipticals and their coevolution (or not) with supermassive black holes. I present an observer's perspective on simulations of dark matter galaxy formation including baryons. I review how our picture of the quenching of star formation is becoming general and secure at redshifts z < 1. The biggest challenge is to produce realistic bulges+ellipticals and disks that overlap over a factor of 10**3 in mass but that differ from each other as observed over that whole range. Second, how does hierarchical clustering make so many giant, bulgeless galaxies in field but not cluster environments? I argue that we rely too much on AGN and star-formation feedback to solve these challenges.
description: 46 pages, 10 postscript figures, accepted for publication in Galactic Bulges, ed. E. Laurikainen, R. F. Peletier, & D. A. Gadotti (New York: Springer), in press (2015)
Delivery of oligonucleotides with lipid nanoparticles
Creators: name: Wang, Yuhua
name: Huang, Leaf
name: Miao, Lei
name: Satterlee, Andrew
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Since their inception in the 1980s, oligonucleotide-based (ON-based) therapeutics have been recognized as powerful tools that can treat a broad spectrum of diseases. The discoveries of novel regulatory methods of gene expression with diverse mechanisms of action are still driving the development of novel ON-based therapeutics. Difficulties in the delivery of this class of therapeutics hinder their in vivo applications, which forces drug delivery systems to be a prerequisite for clinical translation. This review discusses the strategy of using lipid nanoparticles as carriers to deliver therapeutic ONs to target cells in vitro and in vivo. A discourse on how chemical and physical properties of the lipid materials could be utilized during formulation and the resulting effects on delivery efficiency constitutes the major part of this review.
Denoising Noisy Neural Networks: A Bayesian Approach with Compensation
Creators: name: Shao, Yulin
name: Liew, Soung Chang
name: Gunduz, Deniz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Deep neural networks (DNNs) with noisy weights, which we refer to as noisy neural networks (NoisyNNs), arise from the training and inference of DNNs in the presence of noise. NoisyNNs emerge in many new applications, including the wireless transmission of DNNs, the efficient deployment or storage of DNNs in analog devices, and the truncation or quantization of DNN weights. This paper studies a fundamental problem of NoisyNNs: how to reconstruct the DNN weights from their noisy manifestations. While all prior works relied on the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, this paper puts forth a denoising approach to reconstruct DNNs with the aim of maximizing the inference accuracy of the reconstructed models. The superiority of our denoiser is rigorously proven in two small-scale problems, wherein we consider a quadratic neural network function and a shallow feedforward neural network, respectively. When applied to advanced learning tasks with modern DNN architectures, our denoiser exhibits significantly better performance than the ML estimator. Consider the average test accuracy of the denoised DNN model versus the weight variance to noise power ratio (WNR) performance. When denoising a noisy ResNet34 model arising from noisy inference, our denoiser outperforms ML estimation by up to 4.1 dB to achieve a test accuracy of 60%.When denoising a noisy ResNet18 model arising from noisy training, our denoiser outperforms ML estimation by 13.4 dB and 8.3 dB to achieve test accuracies of 60% and 80%, respectively.
description: Keywords: Noisy neural network, denoiser, wireless transmission of neural networks, federated edge learning, analog device. 18 pages, 9 figures
title: Clear cell renal carcinoma with TNM Staging: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation
Creators: name: Zanfardini, Andres
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Oncology
subject: Abdomen
subject: Kidney
subject: CT
subject: Staging
subject: Cancer
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Pathology

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Determine whether preoperative stagin with MDCT can predict the TN stage of the...
In vivo delivery of miRNAs for cancer therapy: Challenges and strategies
Creators: name: Huang, Leaf
name: Chen, Yunching
name: Gao, Dong Yu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, can regulate post-transcriptional gene expressions and silence a broad set of target genes. miRNAs, aberrantly expressed in cancer cells, play an important role in modulating gene expressions, thereby regulating downstream signaling pathways and affecting cancer formation and progression. Oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes regulated by miRNAs mediate cell cycle progression, metabolism, cell death, angiogenesis, metastasis and immunosuppression in cancer. Recently, miRNAs have emerged as therapeutic targets or tools and biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy monitoring in cancer. Since miRNAs can regulate multiple cancer-related genes simultaneously, using miRNAs as a therapeutic approach plays an important role in cancer therapy. However, one of the major challenges of miRNA-based cancer therapy is to achieve specific, efficient and safe systemic delivery of therapeutic miRNAs In vivo. This review discusses the key challenges to the development of the carriers for miRNA-based therapy and explores current strategies to systemically deliver miRNAs to cancer without induction of toxicity.