cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Temporal signals to images: Monitoring the condition of industrial assets with deep learning image processing algorithms
Creators: name: Garcia, Gabriel Rodriguez
name: Michau, Gabriel
name: Ducoffe, Mélanie
name: Gupta, Jayant Sen
name: Fink, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The ability to detect anomalies in time series is considered highly valuable in numerous application domains. The sequential nature of time series objects is responsible for an additional feature complexity, ultimately requiring specialized approaches in order to solve the task. Essential characteristics of time series, situated outside the time domain, are often difficult to capture with state-of-the-art anomaly detection methods when no transformations have been applied to the time series. Inspired by the success of deep learning methods in computer vision, several studies have proposed transforming time series into image-like representations, used as inputs for deep learning models, and have led to very promising results in classification tasks. In this paper, we first review the signal to image encoding approaches found in the literature. Second, we propose modifications to some of their original formulations to make them more robust to the variability in large datasets. Third, we compare them on the basis of a common unsupervised task to demonstrate how the choice of the encoding can impact the results when used in the same deep learning architecture. We thus provide a comparison between six encoding algorithms with and without the proposed modifications. The selected encoding methods are Gramian Angular Field, Markov Transition Field, recurrence plot, grey scale encoding, spectrogram, and scalogram. We also compare the results achieved with the raw signal used as input for another deep learning model. We demonstrate that some encodings have a competitive advantage and might be worth considering within a deep learning framework. The comparison is performed on a dataset collected and released by Airbus SAS, containing highly complex vibration measurements from real helicopter flight tests. The different encodings provide competitive results for anomaly detection.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Additional file 1 of Neurotransmitter and tryptophan metabolite concentration changes in the complete Freund’s adjuvant model of orofacial pain
Creators: name: Cseh, Edina K.
name: Veres, Gábor
name: Körtési, Tamás
name: Polyák, Helga
name: Nánási, Nikolett
name: Tajti, János
name: Párdutz, Árpád
name: Klivényi, Péter
name: Vécsei, László
name: Zádori, Dénes
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Concentration levels of the measured metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Interacting quintessence and the coincidence problem
Creators: name: Zimdahl, W.
name: Pavon, D.
name: Chimento, L. P.
name: Jakubi, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the role of a possible coupling of dark matter and dark energy. In particular, we explore the consequences of such an interaction for the coincidence problem, i.e., for the question, why the energy densities of dark matter and dark energy are of the same order just at the present epoch. We demonstrate, that, with the help of a suitable coupling, it is possible to reproduce any scaling solution $ρ_X \propto ρ_M a^ξ$, where $a$ is the scale factor of the Robertson-Walker metric and $ξ$ is a constant parameter. $ρ_X$ and $ρ_M$ are the densities of dark energy and dark matter, respectively. Furthermore, we show that an interaction between dark matter and dark energy can drive the transition from an early matter dominated era to a phase of accelerated expansion with a stable, stationary ratio of the energy densities of both components.
description: 3 pages, contribution to the Tenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting, Rio de Janeiro, 20-26 July 2003
Groundwater Modeling Taking Into Account Probabilistic Uncertainties
Creators: name: Hardyanto, Wahyu
Publisher: name: Geologisches Institut
Year: 2003

description: Auf Basis der Finite-Elemente-Methode wurde ein 3-D-Grundwassermodell weiterentwickelt, das Dichteabhängigkeit berücksichtigt und für gesättigte und ungesättigte poröse Medien gilt. In das Transportmodul ist die Finite-Elemente-Methode mit dem hybriden Lagrange-Euler-Verfahren integriert. Für die Modellkalibrierung sowie die Sensitivitäts- und Unsicherheitsanalyse wurde ein probabilistischer Ansatz, das Latin-Hypercube-Sampling-Verfahren mit restriktem Paarungsalgorithmus, integriert. Die Stärke der Beziehung zwischen Parametern und Ergebnis (Wasserstände, Fließgeschwindigkeit Konzentrationsverteilung) wird durch die Koeffizienten der partiellen oder der Standard-Rangkorrelation ermittelt. Dies ermöglicht die Handhabung eines breiten Spektrums realer Probleme. Eine Verifizierung des Codes wurde erfolgreich an vier Beispielen gezeigt. Die Benutzerfreundlichkeit wurde durch die Entwicklung einer grafischen Oberfläche für Eingabe und Ausgabe garantiert.
description: A 3-dimentional finite element groundwater model for density-dependent flow and transport through saturated-unsaturated porous media with stochastic approach (i.e. Latin Hypercube Sampling) FEMWATER-LHS has been developed. This code comes with an Argus ONETM GUI (Argus Open Numerical Environments Graphical User Interfaces). The combined flow and transport can handle a wide range of real-world problems. The hybrid Lagrangian- Eulerian finite element method was incorporated in the transport module. Four problems were employed for verification by comparing numerical results from the model and from other models. The Latin Hypercube Sampling with the restricted pairing algorithm is used as a tool for sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis are parts of model development, which should be performed within model calibration and before doing any prediction by modeling. To demonstrate the applicability of the model capabilities, the Latin Hypercube Sampling was performed for four applications, analyzing the sensitivity of different models output of FEMWATER-LHS, such as pressure head, flow rate through boundary condition and concentration. Based on this type of analysis the most important input parameters for a certain output can be determined. The analysis of uncertainty propagation associated with input parameters will result in estimation of cumulative distribution function of the model output.
description: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst; Government of Indonesia
description: research
Radiation damage assessment of SensL SiPMs
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lee J.
name: Phlips, Bernard
name: Johnson, W. Neil
name: Johnson-Rambert, Mary
name: Kansky, Anika N.
name: Woolf, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are quickly replacing traditional photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) as the readout of choice for gamma-ray scintillation detectors in space. While they offer substantial size, weight and power saving, they have shown to be susceptible to radiation damage. SensL SiPMs with different cell sizes were irradiated with 64 MeV protons and 8 MeV electrons. In general, results show larger cell sizes are more susceptible to radiation damage with the largest 50 um SiPMs showing the greatest increase in current as a function of dose. Current increases were observed for doses as low at ~2 rad(Si) for protons and ~20 rad(Si) for electrons. The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory's (NRL) Strontium Iodide Radiation Instrument (SIRI-1) experienced a 528 uA increase in the bias current of the on-board 2x2 SensL J-series 60035 SiPM over its one-year mission in sun-synchronous orbit. The work here focuses on the increase in bulk current observed with increasing radiation damage and was performed to better quantify this effect as a function of dose for future mission. These include the future NRL mission SIRI-2, the follow on to SIRI-1, Glowbug and the GAGG Radiation Instrument (GARI).
description: 36 pages, 49 Figures, To be presented at the Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 2020)
Patent Valuation, International Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation
Creators: name: Kabore, Francois Pazisnewende
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: My research addresses three questions. The first is, does the value of a patent depend on its family size and composition? In the literature on technological change, patents are the most widely used intangible rights to proxy for innovation. However, there is a consensus among innovation economists that the current valuation methods (patent count, citations, renewals, etc.) have limitations. With Walter Park, I create and test the robustness of a patent valuation method, termed "family size and composition patent valuation method," and I hypothesize that the value of patents depends both on the number of the legal jurisdictions where patents are protected and on the market size of the countries that constitute those jurisdictions. We use renewal data, as independent confirmation data, to help demonstrate the predictive accuracy of this method in determining the likelihood of patent renewal and patent survival.Given these results to the first question, the second question investigates the impact of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) on the flow of valuable knowledge capital and on technology gaps, using the new "family size and composition patent valuation method." The chapter develops and estimates a model of international patenting and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) behavior. I find that IPR protection positively impacts the flow of local innovation and the diffusion of valuable knowledge and TFP. Using the citation method of valuing patents tends to underestimate the impact of IPR on the diffusion of valuable innovation.The third question focuses on the impact of IPR on innovation and technology transfer in Africa. The study investigates whether stronger patent rights protection pushes out the frontiers of technology by favoring the emergence and flow of valuable innovation. I find that stronger IPR protection favors the generation of important innovation as well as the diffusion of valuable technology. Moreover, the impact of local innovation is larger in magnitude than the impact on technology diffusion. This suggests that previous results were likely driven by proxies used for innovation. Further IPR-related data collection and a cautious strengthening of IPR to foster the generation of valuable knowledge capital in Africa are the implications for policy.
High resolution aerial and field mapping of thermal features in Ragged Hills, Yellowstone National Park
Creators: name: Becker, Juliane
Publisher: name: Geologisches Institut
Year: 2004

description: High resolution aerial images taken in a cost and time effective way from low-flying platforms were used to map a hydrothermal area in the Yellowstone National Park. The mapping area called Ragged Hills is located in the Norris Geyser Basin, a major hydrothermal basin of the Park famous for its great diversity and number of thermal features. Because of an increasing thermal activity since the early 1990s numerous hydrothermal features of different sizes developed in Ragged Hills. Various changes in size and chemistry of the thermal features were observed during sporadic ground surveys. No detailed maps of the thermal inventory existed because of the difficulties in mapping this rapidly changing area by standard ground survey methods. Mapping the features in a short time to get a status quo of the feature’s form and size was the goal of the present work. Two different low-flying platforms were used during this project – a helium filled balloon and a single engine airplane (Cessna 172). To be able to georeference the aerial photos later a grid of ground control points was laid out and the points were surveyed by differential GPS as well as by theodolite. Deviations between both methods were on average 37 cm (Northing) and 61 cm (Easting). The overflights with the airplane were more cost intensive, requiring aircraft rental and trained pilots. Because the obtained images were in most cases blurred, they were served as overview only. Nevertheless the pixel resolution was quiet good with an average of 6 cm. Besides the true color images taken by a digital camera, also thermal pictures were taken from the airplane with a spatial resolution of 1.2 m. The balloon survey provided a costeffective and easy-to-handle alternative. Major restrictions are only the transport of the helium bottles to the study site, and the requirements for calm wind conditions. From an altitude of 50 to 80 m sharp and high resolution images were obtained. About 45 pictures were used to create a mosaic of the whole study area with a pixel resolution of 2.5 cm. No high-resolution thermal pictures could be taken from the balloon because the weight of the camera (3.9 kg) exceeded the balloon’s lifting capacity (1.5 kg). The created high-resolution aerial overview was included in a digital atlas together with topography and geological maps, older lowresolution aerial pictures, and hydrochemical data. The following diploma thesis gives an overview about available low-flying platforms and their individual advantages and disadvantages, describes the methods used in detail and evaluates them regarding expenditure and time it took to realize the individual working steps. Furthermore an interpretation of mapping and hydrochemical data is presented.
description: Förderkreis Freiberger Geologie e.V.
description: research
$B$ meson wave function in $k_T$ factorization
Creators: name: Li, Hsiang-nan
name: Liao, Huei-Shih
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the asymptotic behavior of the $B$ meson wave function in the framework of $k_T$ factorization theorem. We first construct a definition of the $k_T$-dependent $B$ meson wave function, which is free of light-cone divergences. Next-to-leading-order corrections are then calculated based on this definition. The treatment of different types of logarithms in the above corrections, including the Sudakov logarithms, and those depending on a renormalization scale and on an infrared regulator, is summarized. The criticism raised in the literature on our resummation formalism and Sudakov effect is responded. We show that the $B$ meson wave function remains normalizable after taking into account renormalization-group evolution effects, contrary to the observation derived in the collinear factorization theorem.
description: 13 pages, version to appear in Physical Review D
Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices Made of Sb-doped Bi2Se3 Topological Insulator Nanoribbons
Creators: name: Kim, Nam-Hee
name: Kim, Hong-Seok
name: Hou, Yasen
name: Yu, Dong
name: Doh, Yong-Joo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the fabrication and characterization of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) made of Sb-doped Bi2Se3 topological insulator (TI) nanoribbon (NR) contacted with PbIn superconducting electrodes. When an external magnetic field was applied along the NR axis, the TI NR exhibited periodic magneto-conductance oscillations, the so-called Aharonov-Bohm oscillations, owing to one-dimensional subbands. Below the superconducting transition temperature of PbIn electrodes, we observed supercurrent flow through TI NR-based SQUID. The critical current periodically modulates with a magnetic field perpendicular to the SQUID loop, revealing that the periodicity corresponds to the superconducting flux quantum. Our experimental observations can be useful to explore Majorana bound states (MBS) in TI NR, promising for developing topological quantum information devices.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
The effect of stress on spatial learning in rats
Creators: name: Kim, Rebecca Wyckoff
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Research investigating the effects of stress on spatial learning and memory in rats is conflicting and often unclear. Some research indicates that the length of time or frequency of stress induction has an effect on rats' ability to learn and remember a spatial memory task. Other research indicates that the type of stressor plays an important role. In this experiment, the role of housing, individual or group, along with induction of restraint stress was examined. Lew and F344 rats were divided in four groups based on housing (single v. grouped) and experimental condition (restraint stress v. non-restraint control) and tested on a Morris water maze. The results indicated that, in general, F344 rats learned and remembered the maze better than the Lew rats. In both strains, the group-housed rats performed better during the acquisition trials than the single-housed rats. These results provide interesting insight into how housing conditions and rat strain play a role in learning and memory tasks.
Stability of hydrocolloid enriched oil-in-water emulsions in beverages subjected to thermal and nonthermal processing
Creators: name: Ramaswamy, Hosahalli S.
name: Arora, Jaideep K.
name: Vatankhah, Hamed
name: Taherian, Ali R.
name: Rattan, Navneet
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Storage stability of concentrated oil-in-water beverage emulsions subjected to thermal and non-thermal processing was evaluated over 14 days at 22 °C. Emulsions were made with canola oil and aqueous dispersions of Type “A” and Type “B” gelatin and xanthan. They were also conjugated with propylene glycol alginate (PGA), modified starch and modified gum Arabic was studied at pH 3.4 and 7.0. Increase in apparent viscosity was observed with storage for gelatin Type “A” emulsions (pH 7.0) and gelatin Type “B” emulsions (pH 3.4). All emulsions showed shear-thinning behavior associated with droplet flocculation. Increase in the slope of particle size distribution was more obvious for protein (gelatin) stabilized emulsions. Concentrated gelatin Type “A”-modified starch had smaller particle size and greater stability at pH 3.4, followed by gelatin Type “B”-modified starch and gelatin Type “B”-xanthan-PGA both at pH 7.0. Simulated orange beverage (pH 3.0) and dairy beverage (pH 6.8) using stabilized emulsions were pasteurized by heat and high pressure. Emulsions formulated by modified starch produced better stability in both beverage types. Gelatin Type “A” and modified starch conjugate resulted in greater stability compared to other conjugated emulsions. However, gelatin alone failed to stabilize the emulsion systems. The ringing was characteristically associated with emulsions formed with gelatin alone. Neither thermal processing nor high-pressure treatment resulted in destabilization of emulsions.
title: Fructose and the Maillard reaction
Creators: name: Liggins, Jason
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1996

description: It is widely accepted that the Maillard reaction, specifically the development of Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs) in vivo, is linked to the pathogenesis of diabetic secondary complications. The same diseases that occur in old age are similarly thought to develop as a function of the accumulation of AGEs. This thesis presents an in vitro investigation into glycation by fructose (fructation) and discusses the potential for in vivo fructation. The contribution of in vivo fructation to degenerative diseases is unknown, largely because assays for glycation underestimate, or do not detect, fructation (Ahmed N& Furth A. J. 1992, Clin. Chem. X8,1301-1303). In vitro radiolabelling illustrates that incorporation of fructose into protein, through the Maillard reaction, is more swift than glucose. The development of AGE-fluorescence reflects the incorporation of the two sugars, i. e. higher upon fructation. A novel colorimetric assay for glycation (including fructation), based on the reaction of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) with protein-bound carbonyl groups, is presented. The DNPH assay detects compounds that are intermediates in post-Amadori, or post-Heyns reactions, and precede development of fluorescence. The production of the protein-bound carbonyl intermediates is largely dependent on the presence of lipid and free metal. The same group of compounds are probably the principle site of action of aminoguanidine, which blocks the production of AGEs. An in vitro model is presented, to show how protein glycated in one part of the body, can long after maintenance of euglycaemia, become covalently cross-linked to a second protein. Lysozyme was glycated with low concentrations of fructose, or using short periods of fructation, and the free fructose removed. The fructated lysozyme was subsequently incubated in sugar-free buffer with native ßlactoglobulin and produced a 32kD heterodimer of the two covalently cross-linked proteins.
Constructive Spherical Codes by Hopf Foliations
Creators: name: Miyamoto, Henrique K.
name: Costa, Sueli I. R.
name: Earp, Henrique N. Sá
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a new systematic approach to constructing spherical codes in dimensions $2^k$, based on Hopf foliations. Using the fact that a sphere $S^{2n-1}$ is foliated by manifolds $S_{\cosη}^{n-1} \times S_{\sinη}^{n-1}$, $η\in[0,π/2]$, we distribute points in dimension $2^k$ via a recursive algorithm from a basic construction in $\mathbb{R}^4$. Our procedure outperforms some current constructive methods in several small-distance regimes and constitutes a compromise between achieving a large number of codewords for a minimum given distance and effective constructiveness with low encoding computational cost. Bounds for the asymptotic density are derived and compared with other constructions. The encoding process has storage complexity $O(n)$ and time complexity $O(n \log n)$. We also propose a sub-optimal decoding procedure, which does not require storing the codebook and has time complexity $O(n \log n)$.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, minor improvements. Accepted to the IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Interface Bonding of Zr1-xAlxN Nanocomposites Investigated by X-ray Spectroscopies and First Principles Calculations
Creators: name: Magnuson, Martin
name: Olovsson, Weine
name: Ghafoor, Naureen
name: Odén, Magnus
name: Hultman, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic structure, chemical bonding and interface component in ZrN-AlN nanocomposites formed by phase separation during thin film deposition of metastable Zr1-xAlxN (x=0.0, 0.12, 0.26, 0.40) is investigated by resonant inelastic X-ray scattering/X-ray emission and X-ray absorption spectroscopy and compared to first-principles calculations including transitions between orbital angular momentum final states. The experimental spectra are compared with different interface-slab model systems using first-principle all electron full-potential calculations where the core states are treated fully relativistic. As shown in this work, the bulk sensitivity and element selectivity of X-ray spectroscopy enables to probe the symmetry and orbital directions at interfaces between cubic and hexagonal crystals. We show how the electronic structure develop from local octahedral bond symmetry of cubic ZrN that distorts for increasing Al content into more complex bonding. This results in three different kinds of bonding originating from semi-coherent interfaces with segregated ZrN and lamellar AlN nanocrystalline precipitates. An increasing chemical shift and charge transfer between the elements takes place with increasing Al content and affects the bond strength and increases resistivity.
description: 14 pages, 8 pictures
Hadronization -- the Unsung Hero rather than the Alleged Villain in the Tale of CP Violation
Creators: name: Bigi, I. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The novel successes scored by the Standard Model of High Energy Physics in the last few years concerning heavy flavour dynamics do not weaken the case for `New Physics' around the TeV scale. They do suggest however that one cannot {\em count} on that New Physics impacting heavy flavour decays in a numerically massive way. Yet studying this impact will be essential in diagnosing the features of the New Physics. In particular the decays of beauty hadrons have to be analyzed with considerable precision on the experimental as well as theoretical side. While hadronization effects often represent the main bottleneck in our understanding in the short run, they will provide powerful and discriminating tools in the long run, when applied comprehensively and judiciously. The expertise required to exhaust the discovery potential in $B$ decays does exist in the hadron physics community or can be developed without needing a new breakthrough -- yet a greater effort has to be made to communicate it to the heavy flavour community.
description: 15 pages, no figures; Invited Talk given at Hadron 05, Rio de Janeiro, August 22 - 26, 2005
Rational solutions of the defocusing nonlocal nonlinear Schrodinger equation: Asymptotic analysis and soliton interactions
Creators: name: Xu, Tao
name: Li, Lingling
name: Li, Min
name: Li, Chunxia
name: Zhang, Xuefeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 05.45.Yv, 02.30.Ik

description: In this paper, we obtain the Nth-order rational solutions for the defocusing nonlocal nonlinear Schrodinger equation by the Darboux transformation and some limit technique. Then, via an improved asymptotic analysis method relying on the balance between different algebraic terms, we derive the explicit expressions of all asymptotic solitons of the rational solutions with the order 1<=N<=4. It turns out that the asymptotic solitons are localized in the straight or algebraic curves, and the exact solutions approach the curved asymptotic solitons with a slower rate than the straight ones. Moreover, we find that all the rational solutions exhibit just five different types of soliton interactions, and the interacting solitons are divided into two halves with each having the same amplitudes. Particularly for the curved asymptotic solitons, there may exist a slight difference for their velocities between at t and -t with certain parametric condition. In addition, we reveal that the soliton interactions in the rational solutions with N>=2 are stronger than those in the exponential and exponential-and-rational solutions.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures
Conformal Quantum Gravity with the Gauss-Bonnet Term
Creators: name: de Berredo-Peixoto, G.
name: Shapiro, I. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conformal gravity is one of the most important models of quantum gravity with higher derivatives. We investigate the role of the Gauss-Bonnet term in this theory. The coincidence limit of the second coefficient of the Schwinger-DeWitt expansion is evaluated in an arbitrary dimension $n$. In the limit $n=4$ the Gauss-Bonnet term is topological and its contribution cancels. This cancellation provides an efficient test for the correctness of calculation and, simultaneously, clarifies the long-standing general problem concerning the role of the topological term in quantum gravity. For $n\neq 4$ the Gauss-Bonnet term becomes dynamical in the classical theory and relevant at the quantum level. In particular, the renormalization group equations in dimension $n=4-ε$ manifest new fixed points due to quantum effects of this term.
description: 17 pages. Improved version. Analysis of the renormalization group in 4-epsilon extended. RevTeX4. Accepted in Physical Review D
Schriftspracherwerb bei Hörbeeinträchtigung mit dem Fokus Lesen Wie Kinder mit Hörbeeinträchtigung Lesen lernen
Creators: name: Favre, Marina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Schriftspracherwerb
Hörschädigung
Leseförderung
Masterarbeit

description: In der heutigen Zeit sind Schriftsprachkompetenzen enorm wichtig für die kulturelle Teilhabe. Lesen und schreiben können sind zwei der wichtigsten Kulturtechniken, welche in der Schule erlernt werden. Doch nicht für alle läuft der Schriftspracherwerb gleich günstig ab: Gerade für Kinder mit einer Hörbeeinträchtigung stellt dieser eine besondere Herausforderung dar. In dieser Literaturarbeit wird untersucht, welche aktuellen Erkenntnisse in der Literatur zum Le-selernprozess bei Hörbeeinträchtigung vorhanden sind. Die Erkenntnisse werden mit bewährten Lesemodellen in Beziehung gesetzt. Dies soll schulische Heilpädagoginnen und Heilpädagogen sowie Lehrpersonen ermöglichen, hörbeeinträchtigte Kinder in ihrem Leselernprozess unterstützen zu können.
TutorNet: Towards Flexible Knowledge Distillation for End-to-End Speech Recognition
Creators: name: Yoon, Ji Won
name: Lee, Hyeonseung
name: Kim, Hyung Yong
name: Cho, Won Ik
name: Kim, Nam Soo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In recent years, there has been a great deal of research in developing end-to-end speech recognition models, which enable simplifying the traditional pipeline and achieving promising results. Despite their remarkable performance improvements, end-to-end models typically require expensive computational cost to show successful performance. To reduce this computational burden, knowledge distillation (KD), which is a popular model compression method, has been used to transfer knowledge from a deep and complex model (teacher) to a shallower and simpler model (student). Previous KD approaches have commonly designed the architecture of the student model by reducing the width per layer or the number of layers of the teacher model. This structural reduction scheme might limit the flexibility of model selection since the student model structure should be similar to that of the given teacher. To cope with this limitation, we propose a new KD method for end-to-end speech recognition, namely TutorNet, that can transfer knowledge across different types of neural networks at the hidden representation-level as well as the output-level. For concrete realizations, we firstly apply representation-level knowledge distillation (RKD) during the initialization step, and then apply the softmax-level knowledge distillation (SKD) combined with the original task learning. When the student is trained with RKD, we make use of frame weighting that points out the frames to which the teacher model pays more attention. Through a number of experiments on LibriSpeech dataset, it is verified that the proposed method not only distills the knowledge between networks with different topologies but also significantly contributes to improving the word error rate (WER) performance of the distilled student. Interestingly, TutorNet allows the student model to surpass its teacher's performance in some particular cases.
description: Accepted by IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing
Quantum Power Source. Putting in Order of a Brownian Motion without Maxwell's Demon
Creators: name: Aristov, V. V.
name: Nikulov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of possible violation of the second law of thermodynamics is discussed. It is noted that the task of the well known challenge to the second law called Maxwell's demon is put in order a chaotic perpetual motion and if any ordered (non-chaotic) Brownian motion exists then the second law can be broken without this hypothetical intelligent entity. The postulate of absolute randomness of any Brownian motion saved the second law in the beginning of the 20th century when it was realized as perpetual motion. This postulate can be proved in the limits of classical mechanics but is not correct according to quantum mechanics. Moreover some enough known quantum phenomena, such as the persistent current at non-zero resistance, are an experimental evidence of the non-chaotic Brownian motion with non-zero average velocity. An experimental observation of a dc quantum power source is interpreted as evidence of violation of the second law.
description: 7 pages, 0 figures, presented on International Scientific Symposium "Quantum Informatics-2002", Moscow, October 2002, published in the Proceedings of SPIE, 2003, vol. 5128 "Quantum informatics", pp. 148-156
Multi-dimensional Skyline Query to Find Best Shopping Mall for Customers
Creators: name: Amiruzzaman, Md
name: Jamonnak, Suphanut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a new application for multi-dimensional Skyline query. The idea presented in this paper can be used to find best shopping malls based on users requirements. A web-based application was used to simulate the problem and proposed solution. Also, a mathematical definition was developed to define the problem and show how multi-dimensional Skyline query can be used to solve complex problems, such as, finding shopping malls using multiple different criteria. The idea of this paper can be used in other fields, where different criteria should be considered.
description: This paper is accepted for publication in IEEE CDMA 2020 conference
The effect of stress on spatial learning in rats
Creators: name: Kim, Rebecca Wyckoff
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Research investigating the effects of stress on spatial learning and memory in rats is conflicting and often unclear. Some research indicates that the length of time or frequency of stress induction has an effect on rats' ability to learn and remember a spatial memory task. Other research indicates that the type of stressor plays an important role. In this experiment, the role of housing, individual or group, along with induction of restraint stress was examined. Lew and F344 rats were divided in four groups based on housing (single v. grouped) and experimental condition (restraint stress v. non-restraint control) and tested on a Morris water maze. The results indicated that, in general, F344 rats learned and remembered the maze better than the Lew rats. In both strains, the group-housed rats performed better during the acquisition trials than the single-housed rats. These results provide interesting insight into how housing conditions and rat strain play a role in learning and memory tasks.
The Relationship Between Tissue Turnover and Metabolic Rate in Two Strains of Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Creators: name: Kraeer, Kimberly
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Stable isotope signatures show the rate of tissue turnover in two strains of rats (Rattus norvegicus) with different metabolic rates (MR). MR is hypothesized to be positively correlated with tissue turnover rate. If MR, a relatively simple measurement, can be correlated with tissue turnover, then this relationship could be used to study important ecological questions, such as those involving migration and seasonally available nutrient sources. Here, oxygen consumption was used to measure MR. After a diet switch, the changing signatures of carbon and nitrogen from whole blood were mathematically modeled. The mass and MRs were significantly different between strains, but half-life and the metabolic component of turnover (m) were not. No significant correlation was found between MR and m between the strains. Results suggest that within a species with a range of MRs, tissue turnover occurs at relatively the same rate.
Home is where the heart (of the city) is : impacts and implications of the 'living first' strategy in downtown Vancouver
Creators: name: Wong, Karen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: With its busy and active streetscapes and urban built form set harmoniously against mountains, water, and lush green landscape, Vancouver has set a remarkable precedent for downtown living. Its Central Area has been guided by a strategy of 'Living First', where residential developments are preferenced over other uses and housing is located near work spaces to facilitate numerous transportation options. The 'Living First' strategy has successfully accommodated the growing residential population in high density neighbourhoods that are well connected to services and employment spaces via transit, walking and biking paths. However, beyond the aesthetics of gleaming condominium towers, vibrant residential communities, and streams of pedestrians on its landscaped streets, it is argued that the 'Living First' strategy has been too successful. The strategy has resulted in a number of implications regarding conflicts between residential neighbourhoods and the entertainment district, the potential displacement of commercial uses, insufficient job space for future growth, and social dislocation and exclusion. 'Living First' also raises questions regarding housing affordability. The strategy thus needs to be re-evaluated to accommodate these concerns. Despite these challenges, 'Living First' provides a suitable urban model that is both environmentally sustainable and efficient from a cost and land-use perspective. Research methods employed are key informant meetings, a literature review, and data analysis of publicly available documents such as planning reports and policies, and census data.
Infinite Products of Large Random Matrices and Matrix-valued Diffusion
Creators: name: Gudowska-Nowak, Ewa
name: Janik, Romuald A.
name: Jurkiewicz, Jerzy
name: Nowak, Maciej A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use an extension of the diagrammatic rules in random matrix theory to evaluate spectral properties of finite and infinite products of large complex matrices and large hermitian matrices. The infinite product case allows us to define a natural matrix-valued multiplicative diffusion process. In both cases of hermitian and complex matrices, we observe an emergence of "topological phase transition" in the spectrum, after some critical diffusion time $τ_{\rm crit}$ is reached. In the case of the particular product of two hermitian ensembles, we observe also an unusual localization-delocalization phase transition in the spectrum of the considered ensemble. We verify the analytical formulae obtained in this work by numerical simulation.
description: 39 pages, 12 figures; v2: references added; v3: version to appear in Nucl. Phys. B
Improving selective targeting to cancer-associated fibroblasts by modifying liposomes with arginine based materials
Creators: name: Rehman, Tanzeel Ur
name: Bratlie, Kaitlin M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: A library of arginine-like surface modifiers was tested to improve the targetability of DOPE:DOPC liposomes towards myofibroblasts in a tumour microenvironment. Liposomes were characterised using zeta potential and dynamic light scattering. Cell viability remained unchanged for all liposomes. Liposomes were encapsulated using doxorubicin (DOX) with an encapsulation efficiency >94%. The toxicity of DOX-loaded liposomes was calculated via half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. These liposomes resulted in significantly lower IC50-values for myofibroblasts compared to fibroblasts, making them more toxic towards the myofibroblasts. Furthermore, a significant increase in cell internalisation was observed for myofibroblasts compared to fibroblasts, using fluorescein-loaded liposomes. Most importantly, a novel regression model was constructed to predict the IC50-values for different modifications using their physicochemical properties. Fourteen modifications (A–N) were used to train and validate this model; subsequently, this regression model predicted IC50-values for three new modifications (O, P and Q) for both fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Predicted and measured IC50-values showed no significant difference for fibroblasts. For myofibroblasts, modification O showed no significant difference. This study demonstrates that the tested surface modifications can improve targeting to myofibroblasts in the presence of fibroblasts and hence are suitable drug delivery vehicles for myofibroblasts in a tumour microenvironment.
Dictionary Applied Geology English – French – German – Spanish
Creators: name: Merkel, Broder J.
name: Amador, Danilo Berrios
name: Birkle, Peter
name: Planer-Friedrich, Britta
name: Portugal, E.
name: Santoyo, E.
name: Santoyo, S.
Publisher: name: Institut für Geologie
Year: 2001

description: This dictionary was compiled by hydrogeologists from Germany, Mexico and Nicaragua. German and Spanish expressions were established by native speakers, all of them with a good knowledge of English and some French. However no native English or French speaker has reviewed the dictionary so far. Using the dictionary you will additionally recognize that some translations are still missing in one or more languages while they are already available in others. Further some special expressions you are looking for might be neglected at all. The dictionary is published by now in order to make it available to as many scientists in the field of applied geology as possible, however it is still under construction and probably will ever be. We do think about adding definitions for at least part of the words and a more convenient way to query. If you find any mistakes, missing words or if you have any additional suggestions or want to participate in our multilingual dictionary project (e.g. with a further language) please feel free to contact Prof. Dr. Broder Merkel (merkel@geo.tufreiberg. de). At the end of this four lingual introduction you will find the dictionary applied geology in four versions, all of them contain all four languages, sorted by the language listed in the file name (“English dictionary”: expressions sorted by the first column English; “Deutsches Wörterbuch”: expressions sorted by the first column German, etc.). You may download each dictionary and use the search function of the Acrobat Reader to look for the desired expression. Articles are indicated behind each word with (f) for feminine, (m) for masculine, (n) for neutral. For some words several translations exist in one language or the other. They are listed in different lines below each other. All copyrights belong to the authors. Neither the whole dictionary nor parts of it are to be published by any other user. We hope this dictionary helps you working in the multilingual field of applied geology and you will help us to further improve it. Enjoy!
description: research
Impact of process parameters and sludge properties on electro-dewatering performance
Creators: name: Liu, Jiangyan
name: Wu, Jiandong
name: Zhou, Xingqiu
name: Liu, Changyuan
name: Wei, Yijun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In this paper, the semi-theoretical kinetics equations were proposed and the electro-dewatering experiments of sludge were conducted to analyze the kinetics laws of electro-dewatering under constant voltage and constant current. The results showed that the decline rate of moisture content remained stable under constant current, while the decline rate of moisture content kept decaying in the operating mode of constant voltage. No matter in what kind of operating mode, the change in decline rate of moisture content was consistent with that of filtrate flow rate, both of which were essentially dependent on the current. The follow-up electro-dewatering tests under constant voltage were carried out by using three different kinds of sludge to understand the mechanism of electro-dewatering. The results showed that the main parameters that controlled the electro-dewatering behavior were measured current, conductivity and zeta potential of sludge. When treated at 30 V, sludge C reached the lowest moisture content, owing to its higher conductivity and zeta potential. However, the poorer electro-osmotic effect of sludge C led to its higher average unit energy consumption. By comparison, an increase of applied voltage was more effective for electro-dewatering process of sludge C but at the expense of higher energy consumption, while sludge A and B were more inclined to improve the electro-dewatering effect by extending the dewatering time. Finally, the derived equations were demonstrated by the experiments, which could provide guidance for the practical applications.