cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
External Balance Sheets of Emerging Economies: Low-Yielding Assets, High-Yielding Liabilities
Creators: name: Akyüz, Yilmaz
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



The new millennium has witnessed a rapid expansion of external balance sheets and significant changes in the capital, currency and sectoral compositions of foreign assets and liabilities of emerging economies. While foreign lending and investment in these economies have reached unprecedented levels, even deficit emerging economies have acquired sizeable amounts of foreign assets thanks to large inflows of capital. These changes in the size, composition and leverage of external balance sheets have created new channels of transmission of global financial shocks through their effects on international capital flows. They have also amplified the susceptibility of outstanding stocks of foreign assets and liabilities and net external positions of emerging economies to financial conditions in major reserve-currency countries, resulting in large capital gains and losses particularly at times of severe international financial instability. Since a very large proportion of external assets and liabilities of emerging economies are with advanced economies, such capital gains and losses entail transfers of wealth between these economies. Furthermore, emerging economies run deficits on net international investment income not only because their external liabilities exceed assets, but also because the return on their foreign assets is lower than the return on their liabilities. Even some emerging economies with positive net foreign assets positions such as China are in deficit in net international investment income. By contrast, the return differential is positive in all major advanced economies, including those with negative net foreign asset positions such as the US and the UK. This disparity between return differentials of foreign assets and liabilities of emerging and advanced economies, including capital gains and losses, results in a transfer of resources from the former to the latter, averaged at some 2.7 per cent of GDP of emerging economies since the beginning of the new century. To avoid such transfers, they need not only improve their net financial asset positions but also change the nature and composition of their external assets and liabilities. Capital account policies can play an important role in these respects.
Congruence Normality of Simplicial Hyperplane Arrangements via Oriented Matroids
Creators: name: Cuntz, Michael
name: Elia, Sophia
name: Labbé, Jean-Philippe
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Simplicial hyperplane arrangements
subject: Poset of regions
subject: Congruence normality and uniformity
subject: Covectors
subject: Shards
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik

description: A catalogue of simplicial hyperplane arrangements was first given by Grünbaum in 1971. These arrangements naturally generalize finite Coxeter arrangements and also the weak order through the poset of regions. The weak order is known to be a congruence normal lattice, and congruence normality of lattices of regions of simplicial arrangements can be determined using polyhedral cones called shards. In this article, we update Grünbaum’s catalogue by providing normals realizing all known simplicial arrangements with up to 37 lines and key invariants. Then we add structure to this catalogue by determining which arrangements always/sometimes/never lead to congruence normal lattices of regions. To this end, we use oriented matroids to recast shards as covectors to determine congruence normality of large hyperplane arrangements. We also show that lattices of regions coming from finite Weyl groupoids of any rank are always congruence normal.
Migration Control, the Local Economy and Violence in the Burkina Faso and Niger Borderland
Creators: name: Donko, Kamal
name: Doevenspeck, Martin
name: Beisel, Uli
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Migration
subject: borders
subject: (im)mobility
subject: violence
subject: relationality
subject: Burkina Faso
subject: West Africa
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: The externalized European “migration management” in West Africa has technologically modernized and militarized border posts. This threatens visa-free travel, freedom of settlement and borderland economies in parts of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). It has interrupted historical mobility patterns, depleted the diversity of mobility practices and criminalized regional economies. At the same time, one can observe intensified and asymmetrical violent conflict in some of these borderlands. By taking the Kantchari-Makalondi borderland as a case study we analysed the relations between migration policies, insecurity, forced immobility and economic decline. Our observations and interviews with migrants, traders, security forces and borderlanders lead us to question conventional narratives on border control and African mobilities as a binary relation between Africa and Europe. Instead, they foreground the multiple practices of (im)mobility in these spaces: the circulation and blockage of travelers, merchandise, surveillance technologies, and military interventions and their impact on security and livelihoods.
Monetary Policy in Liberalized Financial Markets: The Mexican Case
Creators: name: Capraro, Santiago
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



The paper examines the conduct of monetary policy and the institutional organization of economic policy in Mexico during the years of financial liberalization and the outgrowth of the financial industry. It argues that they have favored the monetary and financial stability at the cost of reducing investment and negatively affecting the strength of the productive structure and the international competitiveness of the Mexican economy. The paper argues that these negative results will eventually make the present conduct of monetary policy unable to pursue the monetary and financial stability of the economy. Unlike other outstanding critical literature, the emphasis of our evaluation of the negative consequence of the current policy is on the reduction of public investment that the institutional organization of economic policy produces, rather than the over-valuation of the real exchange rate. The paper finally discusses how the institutional organization can be reformed to avoid weakening further the productive structure and the international competitive of the Mexican economy.
Good intentions in complex realities: Challenges for designing responsibly in digital agriculture in low-income countries
Creators: name: McCampbell, Mariette
name: Schumann, Charlotte
name: Klerkx, Laurens
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: digital development
subject: digital rights
subject: HCD
subject: ICT4Ag
subject: participatory design
subject: responsible innovation
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: Human-centred design (HCD) approaches are adopted to develop digital agriculture interventions inclusively and responsibly. Whether these approaches indeed lead to responsible designs remains unclear, especially for low-income countries. Using a Rwandan case-study, we contribute to debates on inclusive, participatory and responsible design by developing a framework for operationalising HCD and responsible innovation in practice and studying the process of designing a digital agriculture intervention for banana disease management. The four dimensions (inclusion, anticipation, reflexivity, responsiveness) of responsible innovation and our own framework of digital rights served as analytical lenses. Findings show that power relations and digital capacity negatively affect user inclusivity in design. The context in which HCD is deployed hinders anticipation, reflexivity and responsiveness, resulting in design decisions that do not fully respect digital rights and thus in potentially irresponsible digital technologies. Broader, long-term consequences of digital technologies should be a central consideration in design processes, while responsible innovation theory needs to become cognizant of the complex realities in which digital innovations emerge.
Magnitude and Mechanisms of Capital Flight from Angola, Côte d’Ivoire and South Africa
Creators: name: Ndikumana, Léonce
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



This paper presents an updated methodology for estimation of capital flight, which is applied to the cases of Angola, Côte d’Ivoire and South Africa. The results indicate that the three countries have experienced substantial capital flight over the past four decades, amounting to $60 billion in constant 2015 dollars for Angola (over 1986-2015), $32 billion for Côte d’Ivoire (over 1970-2015), and $198 billion for South Africa (over 1970-2015). An important mechanism of capital flight is misinvoicing of exports and imports, especially in primary commodities. The fact that these outflows have persisted over a long period indicates that they are driven by fundamental structural and institutional factors pertaining to both the source countries and the global financial system. These outflows have led to the accumulation of massive offshore wealth belonging to the economic and political elites from these countries, even as their populations continue to face deprivation in access to basic services. Capital flight is clearly a major obstacle to development financing that needs to be tackled through coordinated strategies at national and international level.
Gendered Pathways to the County-level People's Congress in China
Creators: name: Jiang, Xinhui
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: women's representation
subject: election in China
subject: gender quota
subject: gender and politics
subject: people's congress
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: Women are underrepresented in legislature almost worldwide, and China is no exception. Although the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) implemented its first gender quota in 1933, gender quotas and women's representation in China remain understudied. This study fills the literature gap by examining the subnational variation in gender quota implementation and women's representation in the county-level people's congresses (CPC). Through a comparison of four county-level units in Hunan and Hubei with similar socioeconomic features yet contrasting results in the numbers of female representatives elected in the 2016 CPC election, this study argues that women's access to CPCs is affected by the CCP's adoption and enforcement of grassroots quotas. The fieldwork shows that although all cases introduced a 30 per cent gender quota, only CPCs in Hunan province were able to meet the quota requirements. This was because the grassroots quota threshold was raised in Hunan and strictly enforced, partly as a response to the 2013 Hengyang vote-buying scandal. In contrast, CPCs in Hubei province nominated a large number of “first hands” (yibashou) candidates, very few of whom were women.
The odd fiscal ‘implicit bargain’ in the Eurozone. A continental view of sovereignty.
Creators: name: Ramirez Cisneros, Ignacio
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2019

description:
At present, the European customs and currency union finds itself in a transitional period. It has not yet politically unified in a federal body, nonetheless it has prematurely bound constituents by ‘hard law’ fiscal limitations mainly by way of the Maastricht Treaty. In other words, it is caught in an odd 'implicit bargain’ (Goodhart) where members are expected to abide by de jure fiscal constraints with no central authority having the fiscal capabilities for stabilization, redistribution, and state-building (Arrighi) expenditures --all of which are indispensable in modern credit (money) economies. The belief underlying the present paper is that by making use of continental economic traditions, reliant on statecraft, an alternative conceptual basis for rethinking continental unity can be forged. Specifically, we look at the work of List, Keynes, and the chartalists. The work of F. List sets European economic unification in its historic place as a strategy founded in large part on exploiting economies of scale (demand and supply-side), by political and economic aggregation of smaller non-self sustaining markets, for ‘catching-up’ with world economic leaders. Keynes’s international economics is revisited as an orienting blueprint for how the European customs and currency union can address the particularity of economic unification among sovereigns absent political unity. Chartalist views are invaluable for an understanding of the political nature of the European Central Bank as it often clumsily attempts to hold together the Union. Despite its differential treatment of members, the ECB has the potential to become a centerpiece institution in the consolidation of Europe as a self-sustaining pole of international effective demand. The overriding leitmotiv binding together the different authors and traditions discussed is that of European economic sovereignty in a region continuously struggling to balance political independence with economic co-dependence and unity.
Gender ideology and fertility: evidence for a curvilinear hypothesis
Creators: name: Stefani, Serena
name: Prati, Gabriele
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Research on the relationship between fertility and gender ideology revealed inconsistent results. In the present study, we argue that inconsistencies may be due to the fact that such a relationship may be nonlinear. We hypothesize a U-shaped relationship between two dimensions of gender ideology (i.e., primacy of breadwinner role and acceptance of male privilege) and fertility rates. We conducted a cross-national analysis of 60 countries using data from the World Values Survey as well as the World Population Prospects 2019. Controlling for gross domestic product, we found support for a U-shaped relationship between gender ideology and fertility. Higher levels of fertility rates were found at lower and especially higher levels of traditional gender ideology, while a medium level of gender ideology was associated with the lowest fertility rate. This curvilinear relationship is in agreement with the phase of the gender revolution in which the country is located.
Noticing and weighing alternatives in the reflection of regular classroom teaching: Evidence of expertise using mobile eye-tracking
Creators: name: Keller, Lena
name: Cortina, Kai S.
name: Müller, Katharina
name: Miller, Kevin F.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mobile eye-tracking
subject: Expertise
subject: Teacher training
subject: Think-aloud
subject: Professional vision
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::370 Bildung und Erziehung::370 Bildung und Erziehung

description: Instructional videos are widely used to study teachers’ professional vision. A new technological development in video research is mobile eye-tracking (MET). It has the potential to provide fine-grained insights into teachers’ professional vision in action, but has yet been scarcely employed. We addressed this research gap by using MET video feedback to examine how expert and novice teachers differed in their noticing and weighing of alternative teaching strategies. Expert and novice teachers’ lessons were recorded with MET devices. Then, they commented on what they observe while watching their own teaching videos. Using a mixed methods approach, we found that expert and novice teachers did not differ in the number of classroom events they noticed and alternative teaching strategies they mentioned. However, novice teachers were more critical of their own teaching than expert teachers, particularly when they considered alternative teaching strategies. Practical implications for the field of teacher education are discussed.
Home alone yet optimistic: social identity management amidst comparative pessimism
Creators: name: Guenther, Corey L.
name: Zhang, Yiyue
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: In three studies (N = 553) we found that despite reporting that others enjoy a more active social life than they do, participants believed that they possessed more social traits than their peers (Study 1), that their level of social activity exceeds the necessary standards for living a satisfying social life (Study 2), and that their social lives would improve significantly in the future (Study 3). Additionally, people were not comparatively pessimistic about the number of close friends they have (Studies 1 and 3), and their pessimism about their social engagement was associated with lowered perceived importance of the social activities in question (Study 3). Taken together, these findings suggest that people’s outlook on their social lives is not as grim as others have suggested, but rather, self-enhancing beliefs reside comfortably alongside individuals’ acknowledgments of their social deficits.
Chemically Induced Spin Hyperpolarization: Coherence Formation in Reaction Products
Creators: name: Ivanov, Konstantin L.
name: Yurkovskya, Alexandra V.
name: Fishman, Natalya N.
name: Kiryutin, Aleksey S.
name: Sagdeev, Renad Z.
name: Vieth, Hans-Martin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: spin-dependent radical reactions
subject: enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance
subject: diamagnetic reaction products
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) has emerged as a highly informative method to study spin-dependent radical reactions by analyzing enhanced NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) signals of their diamagnetic reaction products. In this way, one can probe the structure of elusive radical intermediates and determine their magnetic parameters. A careful examination of experimental CIDNP data at variable magnetic fields shows that formation of hyperpolarized molecules in a coherent state is a ubiquitous though rarely discussed phenomenon. The presence of nuclear spin coherences commonly leads to subsequent polarization transfer among coupled spins in the diamagnetic products of radical recombination reaction that must be taken into account when analyzing the results of CIDNP experiments at low magnetic field. Moreover, such coherent polarization transfer can be efficiently exploited to polarize spins, which do not acquire CIDNP directly. Here we explain under what conditions such coherences can be generated, focusing on the key role of level anti-crossings in coherent polarization transfer, and provide experimental approaches to probing nuclear spin coherences and their time evolution. We illustrate the theoretical consideration of the outlined coherent spin phenomena in CIDNP by examples, obtained for the dipeptide tryptophan–tryptophan.
From the Classical to Empiricists: A review of the terms of trade controversy
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Shouvik
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2019

description: 



Contrary to the classical position, the works of Prebisch and Singer in the middle of the last century launched the controversial hypothesis of a long-term decline in the terms of trade of primary products vis- ́a-vis manufactures and a corresponding decline in the terms of trade of the developing countries vis-a-vis the advanced ones. The present study traces the origin and evolution of the hypothesis and reviews the related statistical debate. It also reviews the theoretical support for the Prebisch-Singer hypothesis. It’s an exercise in the history of economic thought to trace how the controversies surrounding the terms of trade have evolved over time, specifically noting that with the development in the field of econometrics, the central thesis of the argument got somewhere lost in the realm of hi-tech statistical debates.
The Institutional, Empirical and Policy Limits of ‘Modern Money Theory’
Creators: name: Epstein, Gerald
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2019

description: 



Modern Money Theory (MMT) economists acknowledge a number of empirical and institutional limitations on the applicability of MMT to macroeconomic policy, but they have not attempted to explore these empirically nor have they adequately addressed their implications for MMT’s main macroeconomic policy proposals. This paper identifies some of these important limitations, including those stemming from modern international financial markets, and argues that they are much more binding on the policy applicability of MMT than many of MMT’s advocates appear to recognize. To address these limitations, MMT analysts would have to enter the messy institutional, policy and empirical realms that undermine their simplistic policy conclusions that might be appealing to some policy-oriented followers of MMT. My conclusion is that, in light of these limitations, MMT’s major macroeconomic policy suggestions are of little practical relevance today for progressive politicians and activists, much less to macroeconomic policy formulation in general.
Leaping over the Dragon's Gate: The “Air Silk Road” between Henan Province and Luxembourg
Creators: name: Rabe, Wiebke
name: Kostka, Genia
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Belt and Road
subject: central–local
subject: China–Europe
subject: foreign policy
subject: subnational actors
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::950 Geschichte Asiens::951 Geschichte Chinas und benachbarter Gebiete

description: This article traces the process behind the implementation of the “Air Silk Road,” a cargo flight connection between Luxembourg and Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan province. Its origins lie in economic competition between Henan and its neighbouring provinces, dating back a decade before the official announcement of the Air Silk Road in 2017. Provincial and municipal governments in Henan displayed opportunistic risk-taking behaviour in persistently pushing for the development of Zhengzhou's airport economy, but only timing and coincidence allowed the province to gain a foothold in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). With findings drawn from fieldwork in China between 2019 and 2020, we contribute to an understanding of the implementation of the BRI, the underlying rationale and the challenges inland provinces face in integrating into the world economy.
A Review on analytical Methods for Hydrochlorothiazide and Losartan Potassium
Creators: name: B. Pavani, S. Vanisri, T. Rama Rao
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic medication used to treat hypertension and swelling due to fluid build-up. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide medication which inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions from the distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys, causing a natriuresis. This initially increases urine volume and lowers blood volume.Losartan is a medication used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It is in the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) family of medication, and is considered protective of the kidneys. Besides hypertension, it is also used in diabetes,   kidney disease, heart failure, and left ventricular enlargement.Losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide is a combination of two medications that work together to lower blood pressure.Various analytical methods such as High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), and UV-Spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of Hydrochlorothiazide single and combinations with Losartan Potassium have been reported.
From Trilemma to Dilemma: Monetary Policy Effectiveness after the Bretton Woods World
Creators: name: Cömert, Hasan
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2019

description: 



Many argue that the concept of the trilemma, referring that out of independent monetary policy, free capital movement and fixed exchange rate regime only two can exist at the same time, is a potent tool to explore the effectiveness of monetary policy during the Bretton Woods (BW) regime and afterward. However, under this regime, besides capital controls, regulated domestic financial markets and diversity in central bank instruments contributed to the existence of the independent monetary policy. After the collapse of the BW system, capital controls were lifted, domestic financial markets were deregulated, remaining regulations were not implemented properly, and short-term interest rates became the sole instrument of central banks. The size of financial flows and financial markets has reached unprecedented levels. The effectiveness (either short- or long-term) of a central bank mainly depends on the institutional framework in which the central bank operates. Since there have been very dramatic changes in the intuitional structure enabling domestic and international financial markets to be much more decisive in determining asset prices and credit expansion, the ability of central banks in both developed and developing countries has weakened although this is much more apparent in developing countries. This process can be considered a gradual transition from trilemma to dilemma implying that under current conditions exchange rate regimes become relatively irrelevant for the effectiveness of central banks especially in developing countries. The unorthodox policies implemented after the global financial crisis in both advanced and developing countries can be considered an incomplete realization of the dilemma by central banks.
Learning Localization of Body and Finger Animation Skeleton Joints on Three-Dimensional Models of Human Bodies
Creators: name: Novaković, Stefan
name: Risojević, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Contemporary approaches to solving various problems that require analyzing three-dimensional (3D) meshes and point clouds have adopted the use of deep learning algorithms that directly process 3D data such as point coordinates, normal vectors and vertex connectivity information. Our work proposes one such solution to the problem of positioning body and finger animation skeleton joints within 3D models of human bodies. Due to scarcity of annotated real human scans, we resort to generating synthetic samples while varying their shape and pose parameters. Similarly to the state-of-the-art approach, our method computes each joint location as a convex combination of input points. Given only a list of point coordinates and normal vector estimates as input, a dynamic graph convolutional neural network is used to predict the coefficients of the convex combinations. By comparing our method with the state-of-the-art, we show that it is possible to achieve significantly better results with a simpler architecture, especially for finger joints. Since our solution requires fewer precomputed features, it also allows for shorter processing times.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, final published version is available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10579426, research code is available at: https://github.com/sznov/joint-localization
Numerical and experimental evaluation of shock dividers
Creators: name: Haghdoost, M. Rezay
name: Thethy, B. S.
name: Nadolski, Maikel
name: Seo, B.
name: Paschereit, C. O.
name: Klein, Rupert
name: Edgington-Mitchell, D.
name: Oberleithner, K.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Supersonic flow
subject: Shock divider
subject: Bifurcated ducts
subject: Channels
subject: Cut-cell method
subject: GSD
subject: Total pressure
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik

description: Mitigation of pressure pulsations in the exhaust of a pulse detonation combustor is crucial for operation with a downstream turbine. For this purpose, a device termed the shock divider is designed and investigated. The intention of the divider is to split the leading shock wave into two weaker waves that propagate along separated ducts with different cross sections, allowing the shock waves to travel with different velocities along different paths. The separated shock waves redistribute the energy of the incident shock wave. The shock dynamics inside the divider are investigated using numerical simulations. A second-order dimensional split finite volume MUSCL-scheme is used to solve the compressible Euler equations. Furthermore, low-cost simulations are performed using geometrical shock dynamics to predict the shock wave propagation inside the divider. The numerical simulations are compared to high-speed schlieren images and time-resolved total pressure recording. For the latter, a high-frequency pressure probe is placed at the divider outlet, which is shown to resolve the transient total pressure during the shock passage. Moreover, the separation of the shock waves is investigated and found to grow as the divider duct width ratio increases. The numerical and experimental results allow for a better understanding of the dynamic evolution of the flow inside the divider and inform its capability to reduce the pressure pulsations at the exhaust of the pulse detonation combustor.
Structural Change in India and China: External Sustainability and the Middle-Income Trap
Creators: name: Nabar-Bhaduri, Suranjana
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2019

description: 



This paper focuses on the different development strategies of China and India, particularly regarding the role of manufacturing and services, for long-run productivity growth, external competitiveness and financial fragility. The findings appear to support the argument that productivity improvements in manufacturing drive productivity improvements in other sectors. They also substantiate previous findings that the Indian services-led growth trajectory has had limited success in transferring surplus labor from agriculture to other sectors. Furthermore, the trajectories have affected the export performances of the two countries with the Indian trade balance and current account revealing persistent deficits, compared to China's surpluses. The paper also argues that the way in which India has sought to sustain these deficits entails elements of financial fragility, and that the Chinese struggles with the internationalization of the renminbi also imply a possibility of financial instability.
SOEP-RV: Linking German Socio-Economic Panel Data to Pension Records
Creators: name: Lüthen, Holger
name: Schröder, Carsten
name: Grabka, Markus M.
name: Goebel, Jan
name: Mika, Tatjana
name: Brüggmann, Daniel
name: Ellert, Sebastian
name: Penz, Hannah
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: consent
subject: pension records
subject: record linkage
subject: SOEP
subject: SOEP-RV
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft

description: The aim of the project SOEP-RV is to link data from participants in the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) survey to their individual Deutsche Rentenversicherung (German Pension Insurance) records. For all SOEP respondents who give explicit consent to record linkage, SOEP-RV creates a linked dataset that combines the comprehensive multi-topic SOEP data with detailed cross-sectional and longitudinal data on social security pension records covering the individual’s entire insurance history. This article provides an overview of the record linkage project, highlights potentials for analysis of the linked data, compares key SOEP and pension insurance variables, and suggests a re-weighting procedure that corrects for selectivity. It concludes with details on the process of obtaining the data for scientific use.
FOLLOWING THE EMBEDDING: IDENTIFYING TRANSITION PHENOMENA IN WAV2VEC 2.0 REPRESENTATIONS OF SPEECH AUDIO
Creators: Patrick Cormac English
Erfan A. Shams
John D. Kelleher
Julie Carson-Berndsen
Publisher: name: IEEE Signal Processing Society
Year: 2024

description: Although transformer-based models have improved the state-of-the-art in speech recognition, it is still not well understood what information from the speech signal these models encode in their latent representations. This study investigates the potential of using labelled data (TIMIT) to probe wav2vec 2.0 embeddings for insights into the encoding and visualisation of speech signal information at phone boundaries. Our experiment involves training probing models to detect phone-specific articulatory features in the hidden layers based on IPA classifications. Furthermore, we propose an analysis framework for visualising the probabilities of the detected articulatory features in every layer and frame vector. Our primary focus is to probe and better understand the structure of speech signal information in the embeddings learned by unsupervised transformers, with a view to contributing to more explainable speech processing systems.
Good parents, bad kids: authoritative parenting, delinquent peer associations, and juvenile delinquency
Creators: name: Spence, Gabrielle
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: The purpose of this study is to explore the moderating effect of delinquent peer associations on the protection of authoritative parenting, as it pertains to juvenile delinquency. I adopt and elaborate on Psychologists Eleanor Maccoby and James Martin’s (1983) description of the authoritative parenting model as that defined by a balanced combination of “high responsiveness”and “high demandingness”. Authoritative parents place high importance on responding to their children’s physical and emotional needs, but also institute structure through house rules and expectations of consequences. I investigate why, then, some juveniles from authoritative households become delinquent. I review past studies and analyze data from the National Longitudinal Youth Survey to test my hypothesis that the risk factor of associating with delinquent peers diminishes the protective factor of living with authoritative parents. I discover interesting findings about the relationship between the authoritative parenting style, delinquent peer associations, and juvenile arrests. I interpret these findings in terms of juvenile justice policy analysis and parenting style implications.
Another perspective on diversity of symbiotic cyanobacteria: 16S
Creators: name: O'Brien, Heath
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Analysis of 16S sequences allows inclusion of symbiots of the water fern Azolla and of "scytonemoid" cyanolichens, as well as providing several interesting points of comparison to results from rbcX
A Multidimensional Approach to Gender Gap in Poverty: An Application for Turkey
Creators: name: Tekgüç, Hasan
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2019

description: 




Income or expenditure data are collected at household level and are silent about within household inequalities. As an alternative, employing counting-based double cut-off method allows education, health, household living conditions to be measured separately and a deprivation score for each person is calculated based on pre-determined weights of each dimension. Individuals whose deprivation scores are above a pre-determined threshold are deemed multidimensionally poor. In this study, we calculate multidimensional poverty for Turkey in four equally weighted dimensions using Survey of Living Conditions 2006-2015: education, health, employment and household’s living conditions. First, we find improvement in household’s living conditions across the board and including employment leads to a faster drop in gender poverty gap. Second, overall improvement is the result of rapid improvement in younger cohorts; older individual experienced very little gain. Moreover, there is very little convergence in regional gaps between men and women and even a widening gap between women in Eastern provinces and women in the rest of the country. Finally, households with multidimensionally poor women and non-poor men are consistently the most common sub-group and the overall improvement is a result of increasing share of households with no poor members pointing towards polarization between households.
JADIDCHILIK HARAKATINING BUGUNGI KUNDA TA'LIM JARAYONIGA TA'SIRI
Creators: name: Haydarova, Dilafruz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada jadidchilik harakatining bugungi kundagi ta’lim tizimga ta’siri hamda talim jarayonlarida jadidchilik milliy harakati namoyondalari qo’llagan usullarsan foydalanilishi haqida ma’limot berilgan
“A question of bank notes, cars, and houses!” Matchmaking and the Moral Economy of Love in Urban China
Creators: name: Pettier, Jean-Baptiste
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: romantic love
subject: familism
subject: individualization
subject: marriage
subject: morality
subject: matchmaking
subject: sentiments
subject: materialism
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: Chinese practices of matchmaking have been controversial for over a century. Their continued transformations reveal a complex nexus of sentimental and material dimensions in the marriage-decision process at the heart of the negotiations between families and in their selections of proper candidates. This interplay between personal sentiments, concrete considerations, and the desire for success makes marriage controversial, as “love” is claimed and proclaimed at the same time. Moral debates around materialism, which have reverberated through the public sphere over the last decade, show how “love” acts as a tool of social reproduction while it also expresses sincere aspirations for an emotionally satisfying life. In comparative perspective, the complex of romantic love examined here reveals a recent, original synthesis of the tradition of parental arrangement and the political question of the place of love in modernity. The paper elucidates one of the contradictions within Chinese society today: the family remains central, but wider trends of individualization continue to unfold. A multifaceted understanding of love clarifies how it can bind families together while it also discourages others from pursuing romance.
The Persistence of Racial Inequality: The Earnings Gap Among Women from 1979-2016
Creators: name: Wicks-Lim, Jeannette
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2019

description: 



This study identifies a significant racial earnings gap among women that has persisted, essentially unchanged, from 1979 to 2016, using annual earnings data from the Annual Social and Economic supplement of the Current Population Survey. Different from past studies, I integrate into this study’s method of analysis how racism has caused Black and White women to interact with the labor market in profoundly different ways. In particular, Black married women have historically been much more active in the labor force than White married women. To account for this expression of White privilege—distinctive in this period to married mothers in particular—I examine the earnings gap by household type. This approach reveals how a roughly 120 percent White earnings premium has persisted among single mothers, single women without children, and among married women without children from 1979 to 2016, basically unchanged. Married White mothers, on the other hand, dramatically increased their labor force activity over these years, so that their LFPR nearly matches that of married Black mothers. By 2016, the White earnings premium among married mothers also reached 120 percent. I conclude that the degree to which the consequences of racism and White privilege show up in women’s access to earnings is large, and largely unchanged, since 1979.
Methodological Studies on Estimates of Abundance and Diversity of Heterotrophic Flagellates from the Deep-Sea Floor.
Creators: name: Schoenle, Alexandra
name: Jeuck, Alexandra
name: Nitsche, Frank
name: Venter, Paul
name: Prausse, Dennis
name: Arndt, Hartmut
Publisher: name: UNESCO/IOC
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nanofauna
subject: Protist
subject: Benthos
subject: Benthic biodiversity
subject: Live counting
subject: Liquid aliquot
subject: Fixation
subject: Parameter Discipline::Biological oceanography::Biota abundance, biomass and diversity

description: Extreme environmental conditions in the deep sea hamper access to protist communities. In combination with the potentially highly diverse species composition, it demands a wide range of methods to be applied at the same time to guarantee a high resolution of quantitative and qualitative studies of deep-sea heterotrophic flagellates (HF). Within this study, we present a possible combination of several culture-independent and culture-dependent methods available for investigating benthic deep-sea HF communities. Besides live-counting and fixation of HF, we refer to cultivation methods and molecular surveys using next generation sequencing. Laboratory ecological experiments under deep-sea conditions (high pressure, low temperature) could allow the approval of the potential deep-sea origin of sampled HF. The combination of different methods offers a unique possibility to receive detailed information on nanofaunal life in the deep sea. Specific fixation techniques to preserve samples directly at the sampling depth must be applied in further studies to reflect the real biodiversity of the largest habitat on earth.
Viral Theatres’ Pandemic Playbook - Documenting German theatre during COVID-19
Creators: name: Mosse, Ramona
name: Janke, Janina
name: König, Judith
name: Stein, Christian
name: Tecklenburg, Nina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pandemic archiving
subject: digital liveness
subject: VR theatres
subject: digital collaboration
subject: participation
subject: 700 Künste und Unterhaltung::790 Sport, Spiele, Unterhaltung::792 Bühnenkunst

description: This document offers an overview of the artistic research project Viral Theatres, which documents the radical changes in theatre aesthetics and infrastructure during the Covid-19 pandemic by building an online multimedia living archive that tracks these developments in interviews, video documentaries, rehearsal residencies, and case studies. Through a survey of five exemplary case studies we show how significantly the tools and practices of theatre have shifted during the pandemic and suggest that these examples belong to a reconceptualization of the idea of theatre per se. In creating an online Living Archive platform that makes these and other case studies and pandemic material accessible, Viral Theatres contributes to creative documentation of pandemic culture.
Informality, Inequality, and Feminization of Labor
Creators: name: Elgin, Ceyhun
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2019

description: 



Using two novel datasets of the size of the informal economy and income inequality, this study provides evidence on the nexus of informality and inequality with particular attention to the feminization of labor, a phenomenon closely related to labor market informalization. Using annual cross-country panel data from 125 countries for 1963-2016, the study reveals a relationship between the size of the informal sector and income inequality, which is more likely to be negative in richer countries and positive in poor ones. It also shows that, while higher women’s labor force participation is associated with lower income inequality, this negative correlation is cancelled by the presence of an informal sector.
Enhancing context models for point cloud geometry compression with context feature residuals and multi-loss
Creators: name: Sun, Chang
name: Yuan, Hui
name: Li, Shuai
name: Lu, Xin
name: Hamzaoui, Raouf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In point cloud geometry compression, context models usually use the one-hot encoding of node occupancy as the label, and the cross-entropy between the one-hot encoding and the probability distribution predicted by the context model as the loss function. However, this approach has two main weaknesses. First, the differences between contexts of different nodes are not significant, making it difficult for the context model to accurately predict the probability distribution of node occupancy. Second, as the one-hot encoding is not the actual probability distribution of node occupancy, the cross-entropy loss function is inaccurate. To address these problems, we propose a general structure that can enhance existing context models. We introduce the context feature residuals into the context model to amplify the differences between contexts. We also add a multi-layer perception branch, that uses the mean squared error between its output and node occupancy as a loss function to provide accurate gradients in backpropagation. We validate our method by showing that it can improve the performance of an octree-based model (OctAttention) and a voxel-based model (VoxelDNN) on the object point cloud datasets MPEG 8i and MVUB, as well as the LiDAR point cloud dataset SemanticKITTI.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Effects of Carbon Mitigation on Co-pollutants at Industrial Facilities in Europe
Creators: name: Zwickl, Klara
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2019

description: 



In addition to global climate benefits, carbon mitigation improves local air quality by reducing emissions of hazardous co-pollutants. Using data on large industrial point sources in Europe, we estimate how changes in carbon dioxide emissions affect emissions of the three co-pollutants SOX, NOX, and PM10 for samples of 727 to 2,653 facilities for the years 2007 to 2015. We find substantial and significant co-pollutant elasticities of 0.7 for SOX and NOX, and 0.5 for PM10, which are robust to different estimation approaches. Large CO2 emitters and the energy sector are characterized by higher-than-average co-pollutant elasticities. For climate policy induced CO2 emission reductions we find co-pollutant elasticities in the energy sector of 1.2 for SOX, 1.0 for NOX, and 0.8 for PM10. Using these estimates to calculate monetary air quality co- benefits suggests that conventional European Environmental Agency estimates of carbon damages that omit co-benefits significantly underestimate the benefits of carbon mitigation.