cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lactobacillus dominance and associated biomolecules in Kenyan adolescent girls and young women around sexual debut
Creators: name: Cochinamogulos, Athena Andreas
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Lactobacillus
subject: bacterial vaginosis
subject: vaginal microbiome
subject: sexual debut
subject: HIV
subject: pullulanase
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A healthy vaginal microbiome is characterized by low species diversity and Lactobacillus dominance (LD). LD is associated with a low vaginal pH that protects against sexually transmitted infections. LD is established during puberty, but is lost in many women during their reproductive years, especially those of African descent. Glycogen is thought to be a key host- derived nutrient that supports vaginal lactobacilli and their fermentative production of lactic acid, but this mechanism remains incompletely understood. Some vaginal Lactobacillus species and strains have been shown to directly utilize glycogen in vitro by secreting glycogen-degrading pullulanase enzymes, but the prevalence and activity of these genes in vivo is unknown. To establish methods for assessing relationships amongst microbes and biomolecules involved in glycogen utilization, an exploratory pilot study (N=17) of a cohort of young women (age 16–20 yrs) recruited in Thika, Kenya was assessed (Chapter II). The results of our cohort study showed that although most low-risk African women retained dominant L. crispatus into their teenage years, 36% were dominated by L. crispatus strains encoding functionally inactive pullulanase. These samples contained 66% lower pullulanase activity and 40% lower lactic acid levels, which future studies will investigate as potential risk factors for LD loss and poorer vaginal health. The second major objective of this thesis was to investigate glycogen utilization by vaginal lactobacilli in culture in order to better define the fermentation capacity of prevalent vaginal Lactobacillus species (Chapter III). My results showed that L. crispatus can ferment more carbohydrate nutrients than L. iners and has a unique ability to utilize glycogen as a primary nutrient source. Surprisingly, however, I also demonstrated that L. crispatus’ glycogen degradation phenotype could be depleted or lost under maltose-based cultivation conditions. Glycogen-derived nutrients were utilized by L. crispatus and L. jensenii and was coupled with these species’ ability to lower culture pH. In contrast, L. iners displayed restricted fermentation and correspondingly a higher pH. These experiments informed our understanding of how these remarkable microbes establish dominance within the vaginal niche, improving experimental practices and helping to revolutionize L. crispatus biotherapeutics that promote women’s health.
The Economic Burden of Malaria
Creators: name: Gallup, John Luke
name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Managerial economics
Public health
Economics
Malaria

description: Malaria and poverty are intimately connected. Controlling for factors such as tropical location, colonial history, and geographical isolation, countries with intensive malaria had income levels in 1995 only 33% of countries without malaria, whether or not the countries were in Africa. The high levels of malaria in poor countries are not mainly a consequence of poverty. Malaria is very geographically specific. The ecological conditions that support the more efficient malaria mosquito vectors primarily determine the distribution and intensity of the disease. Intensive efforts to eliminate malaria in the most severely affected countries in the tropics have been largely ineffective. Countries that have eliminated malaria in the past half century have all been either subtropical or islands. These countries' economic growth in the five years after eliminating malaria has usually been substantially higher than growth in the neighboring countries. Regressions using cross-country data for the 1965-90 period confirm the relationship between malaria and economic growth. Taking into account initial poverty, economic policy, tropical location, and life expectancy among other factors, countries with intensive malaria grew 1.3% less per person per year, and a 10% reduction in malaria was associated with 0.3% higher growth. Controlling for many other tropical diseases does not change the correlation of malaria with economic growth, and these diseases are not themselves significantly negatively correlated with economic growth. A second independent measure of malaria has a slightly higher correlation with economic growth in the 1980-1996 period. The paper concludes with speculation about the mechanisms that could cause malaria to have such a large impact on the economy, such as foreign investment and economic networks within the country.
Padé approximants and exact two-locus sampling distributions
Creators: name: Jenkins, Paul A.
name: Song, Yun S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: For population genetics models with recombination, obtaining an exact, analytic sampling distribution has remained a challenging open problem for several decades. Recently, a new perspective based on asymptotic series has been introduced to make progress on this problem. Specifically, closed-form expressions have been derived for the first few terms in an asymptotic expansion of the two-locus sampling distribution when the recombination rate $ρ$ is moderate to large. In this paper, a new computational technique is developed for finding the asymptotic expansion to an arbitrary order. Computation in this new approach can be automated easily. Furthermore, it is proved here that only a finite number of terms in the asymptotic expansion is needed to recover (via the method of Padé approximants) the exact two-locus sampling distribution as an analytic function of $ρ$; this function is exact for all values of $ρ\in[0,\infty)$. It is also shown that the new computational framework presented here is flexible enough to incorporate natural selection.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AAP780 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Pattern of Trade and Economic Development in the Model of Monopolistic Competition
Creators: name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
name: Yang, Xiaokai
name: Zhang, Dingsheng
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Managerial economics
Commerce
Economics

description: The paper introduces differences in production and transaction conditions between countries into the model of monopolistic competition to investigate the interplay between trade policies and development strategies. It applies inframarginal analysis, which is total benefit analysis between corner solutions in addition to marginal analysis of each corner solution, to show that as transaction conditions are improved, the general equilibrium may discontinuously jump across different patterns of trade and economic development. It compares the marginal and inframarginal comparative statics of equilibrium in the model of monopolistic competition with the core theorems in the neoclassical trade models and with conventional wisdom in development economics. It shows that as analytical framework is altered, the meanings of concepts and related empirical observations will be changed too.
Manfred Gailus, Wolfgang Krogel (Eds.), Von der babylonischen Gefangenschaft der Kirche im Nationalen: Regionalstudien zu Protestantismus, Nationalsozialismus und Nachkriegsgeschichte 1930 bis 2000
Creators: name: Krondorfer, Björn
Publisher: name: theologie.geschichte
Year: 2012

description: theologie.geschichte, Bd. 2 (2007)
Trade Pattern and Economic Development When Endogenous and Exogenous Comparative Advantages Coexist
Creators: name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
name: Yang, Xiaokai
name: Zhang, Dingsheng
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Managerial economics
Commerce
Labor economics

description: This paper applies the infra-marginal analysis, which is a combination of marginal and total cost-benefit analysis, to a model with both constant returns and increasing returns in production and with exogenous and endogenous comparative advantages. It demonstrates that as transaction conditions are improved, the general equilibrium discontinuously jumps from autarky to partial division of labor with a dual structure, then to the complete division of labor where dual structure disappears. Two types of dual structure may occur in the transitional stage of economic development and globalization. One of them involves the division of labor in the developed economy and autarky in the less developed economy, generating increasing disparity of per capita real income between the two types of economies. The other involves a domestic dual structure in the less developed economy, where the population is divided between commercialized sector which trades with foreign country and self-sufficient sector which is not involved in trade. All gains from trade go to the developed economy. This paper shows that deterioration of a country's terms of trade may concur with an increase of gains that this country receives from trade provided productivity progress from an expanded network of division of labor outpaces the deterioration of terms of trade. In the model with both endogenous and exogenous comparative advantages, a country may exports a good with exogenous comparative disadvantage if endogenous comparative advantage dominates this exogenous comparative disadvantage.
The Effect of the AIDS Epidemic on Economic Welfare in Sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Jamison, Dean T.
name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
name: Wang, Jia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Managerial economics
Public health
Africans

description: The existing literature on health and development contains increasing numbers of assessments of relations between health conditions of countries and their per capita GDP, but it has not assessed health as an aspect of economic welfare. Early work of Usher and more recent work of Nordhaus and others has, however, begun to use empirical assessments of what societies appear willing to pay to reduce death rates (e.g. through costly environmental or safety regulations) to allow incorporation of mortality change into measures of changes in economic welfare that are more comprehensive than the rate of change in per capita GDP. This paper applies the method utilized by Nordhaus to assess the contribution of mortality changes in Sub-Saharan Africa to rates of change in economic welfare. Between 1960 and 1990 life expectancy in Africa increased by a very substantial 9 years. The impact was to add between 1.7% and 2.7% per annum to the growth rate of per capita GDP in generating a more inclusive measure of change in economic welfare. The AIDS epidemic, however, is more than reversing these gains: for Africa as a whole the AIDS induced decline in economic welfare was about 1.7% per annum, leading to an overall growth rate of welfare of –2.6% . In countries heavily impacted by AIDS, Bostwana for example, the effect has been to decrease economic welfare by over 8% per year for the past decade.
AiRT software Summary Flyer
Creators: name: Santamarina-Campos, Virginia
name: Nascimento, Jamie
name: Abad-Cerdá, Francisco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: drone
indoor flight
tablet
flight plan
gimbal
camera
automated flight
4k
software
AiRT
RPAS
dissemination

description: AiRT software Summary Flyer
description: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement nº 732433
Guiding and Trapping Electron Spin Waves in Atomic Hydrogen Gas
Creators: name: Vainio, O.
name: Ahokas, J.
name: Novotny, S.
name: Sheludyakov, S.
name: Zvezdov, D.
name: Suominen, K. -A.
name: Vasiliev, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a high magnetic field study of electron spin waves in atomic hydrogen gas compressed to high densities of 10^18 cm^-3 at temperatures ranging from 0.26 to 0.6 K. We observed a variety of spin wave modes caused by the identical spin rotation effect with strong dependence on the spatial profile of the polarizing magnetic field. We demonstrate confinement of these modes in regions of strong magnetic field and manipulate their spatial distribution by changing the position of the field maximum.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL-INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF YOUTH
Creators: name: Xo'jayeva Gulshoda Jalilovna Graduate student of Asian International University
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: It can be observed that the number of young people is growing rapidly worldwide. According to the data, "the population of the world is more than 7.6 billion, 31.5% of them are young people under 30 years old". The growth rate of the youth population has a great impact on the political, economic and social spheres of the country. This, in turn, depends on the attention of the state to young people, the conditions created for young people to build their lives, the extent to which their rights and interests are protected, and the privileges given to realize their potential through their talents and abilities. Therefore, the issue of improving the social mobility of young people and harmonizing it with the times is of urgent importance.
Temperature and bath size in exact diagonalization dynamical mean field theory
Creators: name: Liebsch, Ansgar
name: Ishida, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: DMFT combined with finite-T exact diagonalization is one of the methods to describe electronic properties of strongly correlated materials. Because of the rapid growth of the Hilbert space, the size of the finite bath used to represent the infinite lattice is severely limited. In view of the increasing interest in the effect of multi-orbital and multi-site Coulomb correlations in transition metal oxides, high-Tc cuprates, iron-based pnictides, organic crystals, etc., it is appropriate to explore the range of temperatures and bath sizes in which ED provides accurate results for various system properties. The bath must be large enough to achieve a sufficiently dense level spacing, so that useful spectral information can be derived, especially close to the Fermi-level. For an adequate projection of the lattice Green's function onto a finite bath, the choice of the temperature is crucial. The role of these two key ingredients in ED DMFT is discussed for a wide variety of systems in order to establish the domain of applicability of this approach. Three criteria are used to illustrate the accuracy of the results: (i) the convergence of the self-energy with bath size, (ii) quality of the discretization of the bath Green's function, and (iii) comparisons with complementary results obtained via CTQMC DMFT. The materials comprise a variety of three- and five-orbital systems, as well as single-band Hubbard models for two-dimensional triangular, square and honeycomb lattices, where non-local Coulomb correlations are important. The main conclusion from these examples is that a larger number of correlated orbitals or sites requires a smaller number of bath levels. Down to temperatures of 5 to 10 meV (for typical band widths W=2 eV) two bath levels per correlated impurity orbital or site are usually adequate.
description: Topical Review: 29 pages, 30 figures (extended version: 5 figures added)
title: Christmas Truce
title: Christmas Truce
Creators: name: Lafon, Alexandre
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Westfront
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Geschichte 1914
subject: o.P. Christmas Truce, 1914

description: In December 1914, there were several truces between enemy soldiers along one part of the Western front. Widely publicized, they underscore how difficult it was for soldiers to adapt to the conditions of a long and deadly war already underway since the summer. They were also part of a broader movement to that sought to limit the violence of the war on all fronts.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Function oriented synthesis of bioactive marine natural products and their pharmacophore analogues
Creators: name: Meimetis, Labros George
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Natural products play a central role in drug discovery. The Andersen lab focuses its efforts on the isolation and structure elucidation of compounds from the marine environment. Many of these compounds possess biological activity, and often their total synthesis is undertaken, to provide structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies for new pharmacophores, and to provide material to probe in vivo biological effects. Several projects probing the biological activities of natural products and their analogues by synthesis were completed. It has been proposed that small molecule activators of SHIP1 may be used as a novel therapy for hematopoietic malignancies as well as inflammatory disorders. Activation of the SHIP1 enzymatic pathway may also provide an alternative to PI3K inhibition. An SAR study based on the SHIP1 activating marine natural product pelorol was completed. The goal of the SAR study was to construct water-soluble analogues for the purpose of enhancing drug-like properties. The study yielded analogues that were active in vitro and in vivo. Small molecule antagonists of the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the androgen receptor (AR) are an appealing avenue of exploration for treating CRPC, an advanced form of prostate cancer resistant to current therapies. The marine natural products niphatenone A and B represent a novel NTD-AR antagonist pharmacophore. Their total syntheses were completed to aid in structure determination and provide additional material for biological testing. Furthermore, a click chemistry probe was constructed and it was shown that the natural product covalently binds to the NTD of the AR. Small molecule AR antagonists are currently used as a therapeutic treatment for prostate cancer. Studies towards the total synthesis of a terpene marine natural product discovered to be an AR antagonist are described. The biological role of cathepsin K in bone resorption has led to the development of inhibitors of cathepsin K as potential therapeutics to combat osteoporosis. Lichostatinal, a novel peptide-aldehyde natural product isolated from cultures of a terrestrial actinomycete was found to be a potent inhibitor of cathepsin K. Synthetic efforts towards lichostatinal, in order to verify its structure and to provide additional material for biological testing is described.
Entanglement swapping with local certification: Application to remote micromechanical resonators
Creators: name: Abdi, Mehdi
name: Pirandola, Stefano
name: Tombesi, Paolo
name: Vitali, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a protocol for entanglement swapping which involves tripartite systems. The generation of remote entanglement induced by the Bell measurement can be easily certified by additional local measurements. We illustrate the protocol in the case of continuous variable systems where the certification is effective for an appropriate class of three-mode Gaussian states. We then apply the protocol to optomechanical systems, showing how mechanical entanglement between two remote micromechanical resonators can be generated and certified via local optical measurements.
description: 5+3 pages, 2 figures
Menata regulasi pengelolaan air tanah Kota Bandung
Creators: name: Irawan, Dasapta Erwin
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2016

description: Saat ini kami diminta membantu Pemerintah Kota (Pemkot) Bandung Bandung untuk memberikan advis dalam perancangan regulasi pengelolaan air tanah di Kota Bandung. OPD yang bertanggungjawab untuk kegiatan ini adalah Badan Pengelola Lingkungan Hidup Kota Bandung. Project Wordpress ini kami posisikan sebagai repository data serta pembahasan yang nantinya dapat dipublikasikan untuk akuntabilitas publik.
Spin Hall effect in a Kagome lattice driven by Rashba spin-orbit interaction
Creators: name: Dey, Moumita
name: Maiti, Santanu K.
name: Karmakar, S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using four-terminal Landauer-Büttiker formalism and Green's function technique, in this present paper, we calculate numerically spin Hall conductance (SHC) and longitudinal conductance of a finite size kagome lattice with Rashba spin-orbit (SO) interaction both in presence and absence of external magnetic flux in clean limit. In the absence of magnetic flux, we observe that depending on the Fermi surface topology of the system SHC changes its sign at different values of Fermi energy, along with the band center. Unlike the infinite system (where SHC is a universal constant $\pm \frac{e}{8 π}$), here SHC depends on the external parameters like SO coupling strength, Fermi energy, etc. We show that in the presence of any arbitrary magnetic flux, periodicity of the system is lost and the features of SHC tends to get reduced because of elastic scattering. But again at some typical values of flux ($ϕ=1/2, 1/4, 3/4..., etc.) the system retains its periodicity depending on its size and the features of spin Hall effect (SHE) reappears. Our predicted results may be useful in providing a deeper insight into the experimental realization of SHE in such geometries.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
TITLE AND CAPTION FOR EACH SUPPLEMENTARY FILE from Applying collective motion models to study discordant individual behaviours within a school of fish
Creators: name: Trucco, Andrea
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310299
subject: Bioinformatics and computational biology not elsewhere classified

description: Computational models of collective motion successfully reproduce the most common behaviours of a school of fish, using only a few elementary interactions between individuals. However, their ability to also reproduce individual behaviours that are discordant from those of the group has not yet been adequately investigated. In this paper, a self-propelled particle model using three interaction zones is considered in relation to the counter-rotation of an individual: a phenomenon observable in real schools of fish milling in a torus, when an individual moves in the same torus but in the opposite direction for a certain period of time. This study shows that the interactions of repulsion, orientation and attraction between individuals moving at constant speed in a three-dimensional space, with asynchronous updating, can generate temporary counter-rotations. The analysis of such events sheds light on the mechanisms that start the counter-rotation and those that end it. Although the contribution of the repulsion interaction is often significant to start and terminate the counter-rotation, it does not prove to be decisive. Indeed, it is observed that even when interactions between individuals are limited to attraction alone, temporary counter-rotations of individuals occur, provided the fish density along the circumference is not uniform. Some of these conclusions, deduced from the simulations performed, are visually consistent with what is observed in some underwater video recordings of milling schools of fish.
The Changing Global Distribution of Malaria: A Review
Creators: name: Hamoudi, Amar A.
name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Managerial economics
Public health
Economic history
Malaria

description: Organized efforts to reduce the burden of malaria are as old as human societies. Understanding the historical relationships between humankind and malaria is important for natural and social scientists studying the disease, as well as policy makers trying to control it. Malaria once extended widely throughout the old world, reaching as far north as 64ºN latitude and as far south as 32ºS latitude. Today, however, malaria is almost exclusively a problem of the geographical tropics. Analysis of historical changes in malaria prevalence suggests a number of factors which help to determine the likelihood and sustainability of success in malaria control. Among these are geography, evolutionary history of flora and fauna, infrastructure, and land use. It is due to these factors, much more than socio-economic ones, that attempts to control or interrupt transmission of the disease have historically been most successful on islands, in temperate climates, or at high elevations.
Kullback-Leibler quantum divergence as an indicator of quantum chaos
Creators: name: Kowalewska-Kudłaszyk, A.
name: Kalaga, J. K.
name: Leoński, W.
name: Long, V. Cao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a system of a nonlinear Kerr-like oscillator externally pumped by ultra-short, external, coherent pulses. For such a system, we analyse the application of the Kullback-Leibler quantum divergence $K[ρ||σ]$ to the detection of quantum chaotic behaviour. Defining linear and nonlinear quantum divergences, and calculating their power spectra, we show that these parameters are more suitable indicators of quantum chaos than the fidelity commonly discussed in the literature, and are useful for dealing with short time series. Moreover, the nonlinear divergence is more sensitive to chaotic bands and to boundaries of chaotic regions, compared to its linear counterpart.
Experiences and perceived outcomes of a grocery gift card program for households at risk of food insecurity
Creators: name: Lee, Yun Yun
Publisher: name: Kinesiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Food support programs,
subject: children's food support programs
subject: ood insecurity, qualitative
subject: food support in Calgary
subject: Nutrition
subject: Public Health

description: Purpose: Food support programs, such as I Can for Kids (IC4K) in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, aim to reduce the prevalence and severity of household food insecurity by providing grocery gift cards (GGC) to low-income households with children. There are currently no qualitative studies that have explored whether and how GGC programs influence food access among food insecure households. I explored program recipients’ and program deliverers’ experiences and perceived outcomes of receiving or distributing GGC from IC4K. Method: I used qualitative descriptive methodology for this study. Data generation and analysis were guided by Freedman et al’s theoretical framework of nutritious food access. Fifty-four participants were purposively recruited. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between August and November 2020 with 37 program recipients who accessed IC4K’s GGC program and 17 program deliverers who facilitated it. Directed content analysis was used to analyze the data using a deductive-inductive approach. Codes were combined into subthemes and themes that summarized program recipients’ and deliverers’ experiences and perceived outcomes of receiving or distributing GGC, and suggestions to improve IC4K’s GGC program. Findings: Three themes were generated from the data. The first theme was related to how IC4K’s GGC program promoted a sense of autonomy and dignity among program recipients. The second theme was related to improved dietary patterns and food skills. The third theme was related to program logistical strengths and limitations, including the program’s impact on program deliverers’ connection with clients, their workload, experiences of differential access to GGC among recipients, and the importance of increasing program awareness to reach more food insecure households. Conclusion: IC4K’s GGC program enhanced recipients’ sense of autonomy and dignity and improved dietary patterns and food skills. Facilitating IC4K’s GGC program improved program deliverers’ connection with clients and reduced their overall workload. I also found experiences of differential access to GGC among recipients and the importance of increasing program awareness. I used my study findings to inform three recommendations to improve the experiences and perceived outcomes of future recipients who access IC4K’s GGC program: 1) increase the number of GGC; 2) establish concrete guidelines governing GGC distribution; and; 3) increase program awareness.
Climate, Water Navigability, and Economic Development
Creators: name: Mellinger, Andrew D.
name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
name: Gallup, John Luke
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Managerial economics
subject: Economics
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Geographic information systems (GIS) data was used on a global scale to examine the relationship between climate (ecozones), water navigability, and economic development in terms of GDP per capita. GDP per capita and the spatial density of economic activity measured as GDP per km2 are high in temperate ecozones and in regions proximate to the sea (within 100 km of the ocean or a sea-navigable waterway). Temperate ecozones proximate to the sea account for 8 percent of the world's inhabited land area, 23 percent of the world's population, and 53 percent of the world's GDP. The GDP densities in temperate ecozones proximate to the sea are on average eighteen times higher than in non-proximate non-temperate areas.
Light neutralino dark matter in the MSSM and its implication for LHC searches for staus
Creators: name: Belanger, Genevieve
name: Biswas, Sanjoy
name: Boehm, Celine
name: Mukhopadhyaya, Biswarup
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was shown in a previous study that a lightest neutralino with mass below 30 GeV was severely constrained in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), unless it annihilates via a light stau and thus yields the observed dark matter abundance. In such a scenario, while the stau is the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle (NLSP), the charginos and the other neutralinos as well as sleptons of the first two families are also likely to be not too far above the mass bounds laid down by the Large Electron Positron (LEP) collider. As the branching ratios of decays of the charginos and the next-to-lightest neutralino into staus are rather large, one expects significant rates of tau-rich final states in such a case. With this in view, we investigate the same-sign ditau and tri-tau signals of this scenario at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for two MSSM benchmark points corresponding to light neutralino dark matter. The associated signal rates for these channels are computed, for the centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV. We find that both channels lead to appreciable rates if the squarks and the gluino are not too far above a TeV, thus allowing to probe scenarios with light neutralinos in the 14 TeV LHC run with 10-100 fb^{-1}.
description: 19p, 4 Figs
An Inframarginal Analysis of the Heckscher-Olin Model with Transaction Costs and Technological Comparative Advantage
Creators: name: Cheng, Wen Li
name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
name: Yang, Xiaokai
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Managerial economics
Commerce
Economics

description: In the paper we introduce technological comparative advantage and transaction costs into the Heckscher-Olin (HO) model and refine the HO theorem, the Stolper-Samuelson theorem, the Rybczynski theorem, and factor equalization theorem. The refined core theorems can be used to accommodate recent empirical evidence that is at odds with the core theorems.
title: Halbwachs, Maurice
title: Halbwachs, Maurice
Creators: name: Becker, Annette
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Halbwachs, Maurice
subject: Halbwachs, Maurice, 1877-1945

description: Declared unfit for military service, sociologist Maurice Halbwachs worked under Albert Thomas at the Ministry of Munitions. His work on memory (unwittingly) enabled reflection on the influence of the war.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Light propagation and the average expansion rate in near-FRW universes
Creators: name: Rasanen, Syksy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider universes that are close to Friedmann-Robertson-Walker in the sense that metric perturbations, their time derivatives and first spatial derivatives are small, but second spatial derivatives are not constrained. We show that if we in addition assume that the observer four-velocity is close to its background value and close to the four-velocity which defines the hypersurface of averaging, the redshift and the average expansion rate remain close to the FRW case. However, this is not true for the angular diameter distance. The four-velocity assumption implies certain conditions on second derivatives of the metric and/or the matter content.
description: 27 pages, no figures. v2: Published version. Added references and clarifications, corrected a typo
title: Rape
title: Rape
Creators: name: Rivière, Antoine
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Vergewaltigung
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918--Atrocities

description: Although rape was not usually systematic, it occurred frequently on all fronts during the First World War, during both invasion and occupation periods. It was often used in propaganda to discredit the other side for its barbarity and lawlessness, and this violence against women left a strong mark in people’s minds at the time.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
KLHS Sumberdaya Air Pangandaran
Creators: name: Irawan, Dasapta Erwin
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: pantai selatan jawa
subject: pangandaran
subject: sumberdaya air
subject: water resources
subject: south coast java

description: Folder project ini merupakan bagian dari laporan KLHS Kab. Pangandaran. Dokumen yang tersimpan adalah sub bidang sumber daya air, khususnya air tanah, serta beberapa aspek yang berkaitan erat dengannya. Sebagian besar merupakan data sekunder dari laporan yang telah terbit dan terindeks oleh Google, dan sebagian kecil adalah data primer. Tim yang berpartisipasi: 1. M. Malik Arrahiem 2. M. Fadli 3. Adi Andika Irawan, DE., Arrahiem, MM., Fadli, M., Andika, A. 2016. “Bahan KLHS Bidang Sumberdaya Air Pangandaran.” Open Science Framework. October 13. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/4NHX6.
title: Supplying the Exotic Pet Trade: Conservation and Livelihood Implications
Creators: name: Robinson, Janine Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2017

description: The wildlife trade represents a significant threat to biodiversity, but may also provide opportunities for societal and economic benefits. To supply the trade, wildlife is often sourced from biodiverse developing countries where poverty rates are high. Ensuring a legal and sustainable trade is therefore critical not only for conservation and implementation of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), but can contribute to UN Sustainable Development Goals to reduce poverty in developing regions. This thesis investigates trade in live animals, with emphasis on socio-economic implications of wildlife trade chains, and how these interact with conservation and sustainable use in supply countries. An interdisciplinary approach utilises global analysis of wildlife trade data; social research methods to examine the trade in Madagascar; and a specialised questioning technique to explore sustainability of the trade at the end-user level. The findings demonstrate an increasing component of the reptile pet trade comprises animals from ranching operations, or captive-bred in consumer countries. Although this may take pressure off wild populations, it may have implications for biodiversity and benefit sharing in supply countries. In Madagascar, a small proportion of the export value of reptiles and amphibians reaches local collectors. Whilst being potentially profitable and providing additional cash income to some households, wildlife trapping is also unreliable, part-time and financially risky. Consequently, it appears to bring limited opportunities for poverty alleviation or incentives for conservation at the local scale. Value chain analysis reveals the informal and complex nature of the supply chain, making design and implementation of interventions to enhance the trade challenging. Findings suggest that initiatives may be most effective working at the local level to improve organisation and cooperative management of the trade. At the consumer end, mortality of pet reptiles varies between taxa but appears to be relatively low. This directly informs debate concerning exotic pet keeping in consumer countries, for which there are limited data concerning sustainability of wildlife supply chains. Together, these studies enhance knowledge regarding implications of the wildlife trade for livelihoods and conservation, and inform dialogue concerning wildlife trade policy and practice more generally.
A Microscopic Cluster Description of 12C
Creators: name: Vasilevsky, V. S.
name: Arickx, F.
name: Vanroose, W.
name: Broeckhove, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate both bound and resonance states in 12C embedded in a three-α-cluster continuum using two distinct three-cluster microscopic models. The first one relies on the Hyperspherical Harmonics basis to enumerate the channels describing the three-cluster continuum. The second model incorporates both Gaussian and Oscillator basis functions, and reduces the three-cluster problem to a two-cluster one, in which a two-cluster subsystem is described by a set of pseudo-bound state states. It is shown that the results agree well with comparable calculations from the literature.
description: 31 pages, 12 figures, 9 tables
Geography and Economic Development
Creators: name: Gallup, John Luke
name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics
Geography

description: This paper addresses the complex relationship between geography and macroeconomic growth. We investigate the ways in which geography may matter directly for growth, controlling for economic policies and institutions, as well as the effects of geography on policy choices and institutions. We find that location and climate have large effects on income levels and income growth, through their effects on transport costs, disease burdens, and agricultural productivity, among other channels. Furthermore, geography seems to be a factor in the choice of economic policy itself. When we identify geographical regions that are not conducive to modern economic growth, we find that many of these regions have high population density and rapid population increase. This is especially true of populations that are located far from the coast, and thus that face large transport costs for international trade, as well as populations in tropical regions of high disease burden. Furthermore, much of the population increase in the next thirty years is likely to take place in these geographically disadvantaged regions.
UNDERWATER VIDEO RECORDINGS LINKS AND DESCRIPTIONS from Applying collective motion models to study discordant individual behaviours within a school of fish
Creators: name: Trucco, Andrea
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310299
subject: Bioinformatics and computational biology not elsewhere classified

description: Computational models of collective motion successfully reproduce the most common behaviours of a school of fish, using only a few elementary interactions between individuals. However, their ability to also reproduce individual behaviours that are discordant from those of the group has not yet been adequately investigated. In this paper, a self-propelled particle model using three interaction zones is considered in relation to the counter-rotation of an individual: a phenomenon observable in real schools of fish milling in a torus, when an individual moves in the same torus but in the opposite direction for a certain period of time. This study shows that the interactions of repulsion, orientation and attraction between individuals moving at constant speed in a three-dimensional space, with asynchronous updating, can generate temporary counter-rotations. The analysis of such events sheds light on the mechanisms that start the counter-rotation and those that end it. Although the contribution of the repulsion interaction is often significant to start and terminate the counter-rotation, it does not prove to be decisive. Indeed, it is observed that even when interactions between individuals are limited to attraction alone, temporary counter-rotations of individuals occur, provided the fish density along the circumference is not uniform. Some of these conclusions, deduced from the simulations performed, are visually consistent with what is observed in some underwater video recordings of milling schools of fish.
Discrete Fourier Analysis and Chebyshev Polynomials with $G_2$ Group
Creators: name: Li, Huiyuan
name: Sun, Jiachang
name: Xu, Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 41A05, 41A10

description: The discrete Fourier analysis on the $30^{\degree}$-$60^{\degree}$-$90^{\degree}$ triangle is deduced from the corresponding results on the regular hexagon by considering functions invariant under the group $G_2$, which leads to the definition of four families generalized Chebyshev polynomials. The study of these polynomials leads to a Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue problem that contains two parameters, whose solutions are analogues of the Jacobi polynomials. Under a concept of $m$-degree and by introducing a new ordering among monomials, these polynomials are shown to share properties of the ordinary orthogonal polynomials. In particular, their common zeros generate cubature rules of Gauss type.
title: Latin America
title: Latin America
Creators: name: Rinke, Stefan
name: Kriegesmann, Karina
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Lateinamerika
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918
subject: South America

description: When the First World War broke out in Europe, Latin Americans of all social strata soon felt that the conflict would plunge the world into a crisis of hitherto unknown dimensions. Due to its globally entangled structures, the continent experienced the severe effects of the economic, maritime and propaganda war in many different contexts. Contemporaries recognized that the war meant a harsh rupture in development and that it would be impossible to simply remain observers. By the end of the war, many in Latin America had begun to turn away from the European social and cultural model which had been so tarnished during the conflict.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
title: Marinegebiet
title: Marinegebiet
Creators: name: De Schaepdrijver, Sophie
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Deutschland / Marinekorps Flandern
subject: o.P. Germany. Kriegsmarine. MarineKorps Flandern

description: The ''Marinegebiet'' on the Belgian coast was the Imperial German Navy’s base for attritional warfare against Entente shipping in the North Sea. The resulting occupation regime was particularly harsh on civilians; their plight was compounded by British aerial and naval bombing.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
A3PG Project: Formation and meteoric water
Creators: name: Irawan, Dasapta Erwin
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: opendata
subject: Po Plain Italy
subject: cluster analysis
subject: formation water
subject: data recycling
subject: principal component analysis
subject: data reuse
subject: meteoric water
subject: regression tree
subject: multivariate statistics
subject: hydrogeology
subject: multiple regression
subject: openscience
subject: hydrochemistry
subject: openresearch
subject: openaccess

description: Subject: An R project to separate formation and meteoric water Event: The 9th International Conference on Petroleum Geochemistry in the Africa-Asia Region Bandung, Indonesia, 15-17 November 2016 Paper title: Formation vs meteoric water: characterization using principal component analysis Author: Dasapta Erwin Irawan and Prana Ugi Affiliation: Institut Teknologi Bandung and Universitas Sumatra Utara
title: Feminist Pacifism
title: Feminist Pacifism
Creators: name: Wilmers, Annika
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Frau
subject: Friedensbewegung
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918
subject: Women
subject: Protest movements

description: A minority section of the women’s movements opposed World War I and organized the International Congress of Women at The Hague in April 1915. Its participants demanded women’s rights and more democracy in politics as a precondition for peace. Congress members founded the International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace, which became the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom in 1919.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War