cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The design and performance of GRD onboard the GECAM satellite
Creators: name: An, Z. H.
name: Sun, X. L.
name: Zhang, D. L.
name: Yang, S.
name: Li, X. Q.
name: Wen, X. Y.
name: Gong, K.
name: Liang, X. H.
name: Liu, X. J.
name: Liu, Y. Q.
name: Li, Y. G.
name: Xiong, S. L.
name: Xu, Y. B.
name: Zhang, Fan
name: Zhao, X. Y.
name: Cai, C.
name: Chang, Z.
name: Chen, G.
name: Chen, C.
name: Du, Y. Y.
name: Feng, P. Y.
name: Gao, M.
name: Gao, R.
name: Guo, D. Y.
name: He, J. J.
name: Hou, D. J.
name: Li, C. Y.
name: Li, G.
name: Li, L.
name: Li, X. F.
name: Li, M. S.
name: Lu, F. J.
name: Lu, H.
name: Meng, B.
name: Peng, W. X.
name: Shi, F.
name: Wang, H.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Wang, Y. S.
name: Wang, H. Z.
name: Wen, X.
name: Xiao, S.
name: Xu, Y. P.
name: Yang, J. W.
name: Yi, Q. B.
name: Zhang, S. N.
name: Zhang, C. Y.
name: Zhang, C. M.
name: Zhang, Fei
name: Zhao, Y.
name: Zhou, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Background: Each GECAM satellite payload contains 25 gamma-ray detectors (GRDs), which can detect gamma-rays and particles and can roughly localize the Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). GRD was designed using lanthanum bromide (LaBr3) crystal as the sensitive material with the rear end coupled with silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array for readout. Purpose: In aerospace engineering design of GRD, there are many key points to be studied. In this paper, we present the specific design scheme of GRD, the assembly and the performance test results of detectors. Methods: Based on Monte Carlo simulation and experimental test results, the specific schematic design and assembling process ofGRDwere optimized. After being fully assembled, theGRDswere conducted performance tests by using radioactive source and also conducted random vibration tests. Result and conclusion: The test results show that all satellite-borne GRDs have energy resolution <16% at 59.5 keV, meeting requirements of satellite in scientific performance. The random vibration test shows that GRD can maintain in a stable performance, which meets the requirement of spatial application.
description: 10 pages, 15 figures
title: Structural Analysis of CO2 Leakage Through the Salt Wash and Little Grand Wash Faults from Natural Reservoirs in the Colorado Plateau, Southeastern Utah
Creators: name: Williams, Anthony P.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2004

description: The Little Grand Wash fault and the Salt Wash Graben in the Colorado Plateau of southeastern Utah emit CO2 gas from abandoned drillholes, springs, and a hydrocarbon seep. Similar CO2-charged water has also been emitted in the past, as shown by large localized travertine deposits and veins along and near the fault traces. The faults cut natural CO2 reservoirs and provide an excellent analog for geologic CO2 sequestration. The faults cut a north-plunging anticline of rocks consisting of siltstones, shales, and sandstones from the Permian Cutler Formation through the Cretaceous Mancos Shale. The Little Grand Wash fault has 260 m of throw and the stratigraphic separation across the Salt Wash Graben is 50 m. The fault rocks in the damage zone show hundreds of fractures, which decrease in density farther away from the faults. In specific areas, fractures with the presence of calcite mineralization indicate fluid migration and bleach zones from a few millimeters to 30 cm. This is evidence of past fluid migration directly associated with the fault zone. Calcite mineralization fills these fractures and is also deposited in a variety of other bed forms. Foliated fault gouge, 5 to 20 cm thick, forms clay smear structures with a scaly shear fabric in a zone l0 to 15 cm thick is seen in the fault core. The leakage is constrained to the footwalls of the northernmost faults throughout the area. Clay-rich gouge structures should be effective barriers to cross-fault flow . Well log, surface geologic, and geochemical data indicate that the CO2 reservoirs have been cut by the faults at depth, providing a conduit for the vertical migration of CO2 to the surface, but not for horizontal flow across the fault plane. Even though lateral cross-fault migration may be impeded, this study clearly indicates that there are possible migration pathways for the escape of CO2 from faulted subsurface aquifers, including aquifers faulted by "low-permeability" faults with clay gouge. Three-dimensional flow models show how the fault's maximum permeability in the damage zone is parallel to the faults, and the leakage though the damage zone is localized near the fold axis of the regional anticline. Direct dating of the clay in the fault gouge was done by ExxonMobil with 40Ar/39Ar methods, indicating that fault movement occurred between the middle Eocene and the end of the Miocene. During this time, the Colorado Plateau is interpreted to have been experiencing rapid uplift. The middle Jurassic, upper Jurassic, and Cretaceous rocks at the surface have been uplifted approximately 1.8 km since the end of the Eocene. This uplift may have influenced fault movement in the Colorado Plateau and along the Little Grand Wash fault, and Salt Wash and Ten Mile Graben. In evaluating these deep aquifers for CO2 sequestration, careful design and monitoring of the geological structure and stress regimes must be considered to avoid leakage.
title: Geochemistry of Ground Water - Surface Water Interactions and Metals Loading Rates in the North Fork of the American Fork River, Utah, from an Abandoned Silver/Lead Mine
Creators: name: Burk, Neil I
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2004

description: The aqueous geochemistry and hydrology of the North Fork of the American Fork River, its tributaries, and the ground water in the vicinity of the Pacific Mine site were investigated in order to determine what impact ground water entering the North Fork has on toxic metal loads in the river. Toxic metal contamination in the North Fork is great enough that brown and cutthroat trout have absorbed lead, cadmium, and arsenic in their tissues at concentrations that are hazardous to human health if consumed. Ground water that flows through the mine site flows directly through the mine tailings before entering the North Fork, which produces an acidic ground water plume that has high concentrations of toxic metals. Together, the surface water discharge results and toxic metals concentrations from the surface and ground waters were used to determine toxic metals loading rates in the North Fork and its tributaries. The results suggest that the dissolved toxic metals (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) enter the North Fork when the river is gaining water from the ground water. However, the total toxic metal load generally decreases through the reach of river adjacent to the mine site and is significantly greater than the dissolved load. Cadmium and Mn travel as dissolved species while Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn travel as suspended solids in the North Fork and its tributaries. Arsenic seems to be associated with both the suspended solids and travel in the dissolved state. The geochemical modeling program PHREEQC and the diffuse double layer surface complexation model were used to investigate the chemistry that controls toxic metal mobility and attenuation in the surface and ground waters at the mine site. Based on PHREEQC results, the most important reaction in these waters is the precipitation of hydrous fe1Tic oxide. The toxic metals that sorb to the hydrous ferric oxide are Cu, Pb, most importantly Zn, and to a lesser degree As.
The design and implementation of GECAM satellite payload performance monitoring software
Creators: name: Zhang, Peng
name: Ma, Xiang
name: Huang, Yue
name: Xiong, Shaolin
name: Zheng, Shijie
name: Song, Liming
name: Ou, Ge
name: Du, Yanqi
name: Liang, Jing
name: Wu, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Background The Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) is primarily designed to spot gamma-ray bursts corresponding to gravitational waves. In order to achieve stable observations from various astronomical phenomena, the payload performance need to be monitored during the in-orbit operation. Method This article describes the design and implementation of GECAM satellite payload performance monitoring (GPPM) software. The software extracts the payload status and telescope observations (light curves, energy spectrums, characteristic peak fitting of energy spectrums, etc) from the payload data. Considering the large amount of payload status parameters in the engineering data, we have designed a method of parameter processing based on the configuration tables. This method can deal with the frequent changes of the data formats and facilitate program maintenance. Payload status and performance are monitored through defined thresholds and monitoring reports. The entire software is implemented in python language and the huge amount of observation data is stored in MongoDB. Conclusion The design and implementation of GPPM software have been completed, tested with ground and in-orbit payload data. The software can monitor the performance of GECAM payload effectively. The overall design of the software and the data processing method can be applied to other satellites.
description: Published in RDTM
Limited evolution of the yellow fever virus 17d in a mouse infection model
Creators: name: Kum, Dieudonné Buh
name: Mishra, Niraj
name: Vrancken, Bram
name: Thibaut, Hendrik Jan
name: Wilder-Smith, Annelies
name: Lemey, Philippe
name: Neyts, Johan
name: Dallmeier, Kai
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: By infecting mice with the yellow fever virus vaccine strain 17D (YFV-17D; Stamaril®), the dose dependence and evolutionary consequences of neurotropic yellow fever infection was assessed. Highly susceptible AG129 mice were used to allow for a maximal/unlimited expansion of the viral populations. Infected mice uniformly developed neurotropic disease; the virus was isolated from their brains, plaque purified and sequenced. Viral RNA populations were overall rather homogenous [Shannon entropies 0−0.15]. The remaining, yet limited intra-host population diversity (0−11 nucleotide exchanges per genome) appeared to be a consequence of pre-existing clonal heterogeneities (quasispecies) of Stamaril®. In parallel, mice were infected with a molecular clone of YFV-17D which was in vivo launched from a plasmid. Such plasmid-launched YFV-17D had a further reduced and almost clonal evolution. The limited intra-host evolution during unrestricted expansion in a highly susceptible host is relevant for vaccine and drug development against flaviviruses in general. Firstly, a propensity for limited evolution even upon infection with a (very) low inoculum suggests that fractional dosing as implemented in current YF-outbreak control may pose only a limited risk of reversion to pathogenic vaccine-derived virus variants. Secondly, it also largely lowers the chance of antigenic drift and development of resistance to antivirals.
title: Murder Becomes Her: Media Representations of Murderous Women in America from 1890-1920
Creators: name: Crumpton, Emily M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: This thesis explores the relationship between the media, murderous women, and the concept of separate spheres. Murderous women challenged established gender norms. They did not conform to the societal expectations of their gender, therefore, they were not considered “normal.” As such, women like Alice Mitchell, Jane Toppan, and Amy Archer Gilligan became objects of media, medical, and public curiosity. As defined by medical science and society, newspapers policed the boundaries of “normality” by sensationalizing the lives, actions, and trials of deadly damsels. Newspaper coverage of murderous women reminded the public of the consequences of “abnormality” and non-conformity. This thesis argues that sensationalized stories of lethal ladies between 1890 and 1920 shaped public perceptions of gender, crime, mental illness, and substantiated the perceived “need” for separate spheres. Furthermore, it gives a voice to a group of historical women who existed on the fringes of society.
Additional file 2 of Barriers to prevention in oral health care for english NHS dental patients: a qualitative study of views from key stakeholders
Creators: name: Leggett, Heather
name: Vinall-Collier, Karen
name: Csikar, Julia
name: Veronica Ann Douglas, Gail
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional File 2: SRQR checklist.
The incidence and prevalence of hospital-acquired (carbapenem-resistant) Acinetobacter baumannii in Europe, Eastern Mediterranean and Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Ayobami, Olaniyi
name: Willrich, Niklas
name: Harder, Thomas
name: Okeke, Iruka N.
name: Eckmanns, Tim
name: Markwart, Robby
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Due to therapeutic challenges, hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) caused by Acinetobacter baumannii (HA-AB), particularly carbapenem-resistant strains (HA-CRAB) pose a serious health threat to patients worldwide. This systematic review sought to summarize recent data on the incidence and prevalence of HA-AB and HA-CRAB infections in the WHO-defined regions of Europe (EUR), Eastern Mediterranean (EMR) and Africa (AFR). A comprehensive literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE and GMI databases (01/2014-02/2019). Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to determine the pooled incidence of HA-AB and HA-CRAB infections as well as the proportions of A. baumannii among all HAIs. 24 studies from 3,340 records were included in this review (EUR: 16, EMR: 6, AFR: 2). The pooled estimates of incidence and incidence density of HA-AB infection in intensive care units (ICUs) were 56.5 (95% CI 33.9-92.8) cases per 1,000 patients and 4.4 (95% CI 2.9-6.6) cases per 1,000 patient days, respectively. Five studies conducted at a hospital-wide level or in specialized clinical departments/wards (ICU + non-ICU patients) showed HA-AB incidences between 0.85 and 5.6 cases per 1,000 patients. For carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii infections in ICUs, the pooled incidence and incidence density were 41.7 (95% CI 21.6-78.7) cases per 1,000 patients and 2.1 (95% CI 1.2-3.7) cases per 1,000 patient days, respectively. In ICUs, A. baumannii and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains accounted for 20.9% (95% CI 16.5-26.2%) and 13.6% (95% CI 9.7-18.7%) of all HAIs, respectively. Our study highlights the persistent clinical significance of hospital-acquired A. baumannii infections in the studied WHO regions, particularly in ICUs.
Detection of African swine fever virus in pork products brought to Taiwan by travellers
Creators: name: Wang, Wen-Hung
name: Lin, Chih-Yen
name: Ishcol, Max R. Chang
name: Urbina, Aspiro Nayim
name: Assavalapsakul, Wanchai
name: Thitithanyanont, Arunee
name: Lu, Po-Liang
name: Chen, Yen-Hsu
name: Wang, Sheng-Fan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Detection of African swine fever virus in pork products brought to Taiwan by travellers
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Algorithms Are Used to Detect and Prevent Cyber Threats as Well as Their Potential Impact on the Future of Cybersecurity Practices
Creators: name: AIRCC
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: As many devices connect to the internet and people save more information on the cloud and increase their usage of digital communication, the threat level on the information sphere has increased significantly. With the increase of device connectivity and use of money transactions cyber threats have become more sophisticated than ever. Conventional discrete security policies are ineffective to address the behavioral and constantly changing nature of today’s cybersecurity threats such as zero-day exploits, APTs or ransomware. In this light, AI and ML are considered strategic technologies, which define cutting-edge, intelligent, adaptive as well as scalable cybersecurity solutions.
title: Integrating Black Bear Behavior, Spatial Ecology, and Population Dynamics in a Human-Dominated Landscape: Implications for Management
Creators: name: Raithel, Jarod D.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: The New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife (NJDFW), in collaboration with Bear Trust International, presented us an opportunity to examine a long-term (33 years) American black bear (Ursus americanus) data set from northwestern New Jersey (NJ), USA. State agencies continue to grapple with uncertainty about the efficacy of socially divisive management actions such as recreational harvest and lethal control as tools to reduce escalating human-bear conflicts. We applied multistate capture-reencounter models to a large sample of black bear captures (>5,000) and dead recoveries (>1,300) between 1981 – 2014 to estimate cause-specific mortality and spatial dynamics between wildland and anthropogenic habitats. Additionally, we assessed temporal correlations between more than 26,500 reported human–black bear interactions and mortality rates. Adult females were twice as likely (0.163 ± 0.014) as males (0.087 ± 0.012) to be harvested, and cubs (0.444 ± 0.025) and yearlings (0.372 ± 0.022) had a high probability of dying, primarily from vehicle strikes. Nuisance behaviors reported declined with increasing harvest and lethal management (P = 0.028, R2 = 0.338). Adult bears previously designated as a nuisance and/or threat (hereafter, “problem”) were more likely to be harvested (0.176 ± 0.025) than those with no conflict history (0.109 ± 0.010).
Combined legal kills and vehicle strikes, the two greatest mortality causes for marked bears, occurred significantly less than expected per unit area in urban and agricultural areas, and more than expected in the wildland-urban interface and wildland habitats. Across all age-classes, problem bears were significantly more likely to transition to anthropogenic habitats, yet they died at lower rates than conspecifics with no history of conflict in wildlands. Cubs and yearlings died at significantly higher rates than adults in the risky interface habitat, corroborating independent estimates of their increased susceptibility to harvest and vehicle strikes. Ultimately, wildland habitats represented a population source (λ = 1.133) and anthropogenic habitats a sink (λ = 0.945). Harvest represents an important management tool to help meet population targets and decrease human-bear conflicts by disproportionately removing problem bears.
Probing the properties of superheavy dark matter annihilating or decaying into neutrinos with ultra-high energy neutrino experiments
Creators: name: Guépin, Claire
name: Aloisio, Roberto
name: Anchordoqui, Luis A.
name: Cummings, Austin
name: Krizmanic, John F.
name: Olinto, Angela V.
name: Reno, Mary Hall
name: Venters, Tonia M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evidence for dark matter particles, $χ$, is compelling based on Galactic to cosmological scale observations. Thus far, the promising weakly interacting massive particle scenario have eluded detection, motivating alternative models of dark matter. We consider scenarios involving superheavy dark matter (SHDM) that potentially can decay or annihilate to neutrinos and antineutrinos. In the mass range $m_χ=10^7-10^{15}\,{\rm GeV}$, we evaluate the sensitivities of future observatories POEMMA and GRAND for indirect dark matter detection via the measurement of neutrino-induced extensive air showers (EAS), compute the Auger and ANITA limits using their last up-to-date sensitivities, and compare them with IceCube limits. We also show that the uncertainties related to the dark matter distribution in the Galactic halo have a large impact on the neutrino flux. We show that a ground-based radio detector such as GRAND can achieve high sensitivities due to its large effective area and high duty cycle. Space-based Cherenkov detectors such as POEMMA that measure the EAS optical Cherenkov signal have the advantage of full-sky coverage and rapid slewing, enabling an optimized SHDM observation strategy focusing on the Galactic Center. We show that increasing the field of view of the Cherenkov detectors can significantly enhance the sensitivity. Moreover, POEMMA's fluorescence observation mode that measures EAS above $20\,$EeV will achieve state-of-the-art sensitivity to SHDM properties at the highest mass scales.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021)
Synchronous shedding of multiple bat paramyxoviruses coincides with peak periods of Hendra virus spillover
Creators: name: Peel, Alison J.
name: Wells, Konstans
name: Giles, John
name: Boyd, Victoria
name: Burroughs, Amy
name: Edson, Daniel
name: Crameri, Gary
name: Baker, Michelle L.
name: Field, Hume
name: Wang, Lin-Fa
name: McCallum, Hamish
name: Plowright, Raina K.
name: Clark, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Within host-parasite communities, viral co-circulation and co-infections of hosts are the norm, yet studies of significant emerging zoonoses tend to focus on a single parasite species within the host. Using a multiplexed paramyxovirus bead-based PCR on urine samples from Australian flying foxes, we show that multi-viral shedding from flying fox populations is common. We detected up to nine bat paramyxoviruses shed synchronously. Multi-viral shedding infrequently coalesced into an extreme, brief and spatially restricted shedding pulse, coinciding with peak spillover of Hendra virus, an emerging fatal zoonotic pathogen of high interest. Such extreme pulses of multi-viral shedding could easily be missed during routine surveillance yet have potentially serious consequences for spillover of novel pathogens to humans and domestic animal hosts. We also detected co-occurrence patterns suggestive of the presence of interactions among viruses, such as facilitation and cross-immunity. We propose that multiple viruses may be interacting, influencing the shedding and spillover of zoonotic pathogens. Understanding these interactions in the context of broader scale drivers, such as habitat loss, may help predict shedding pulses of Hendra virus and other fatal zoonoses.
Additional file 3 of Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of HPV-negative leukoplakia and gingivobuccal complex cancers
Creators: name: Inchanalkar, Mayuri
name: Srivatsa, Sumana
name: Ambatipudi, Srikant
name: Bhosale, Priyanka G.
name: Patil, Asawari
name: Schäffer, Alejandro A.
name: Beerenwinkel, Niko
name: Mahimkar, Manoj B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Additional information.
Polarization-independent optical spatial differentiation with a doubly-resonant one-dimensional guided-mode grating
Creators: name: Darki, Ali Akbar
name: Madsen, Søren Peder
name: Dantan, Aurélien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the design and experimental characterization of a suspended silicon nitride subwavelength grating possessing a polarization-independent guided-mode resonance at oblique incidence. At this resonant wavelength we observe that the transverse intensity profile of the transmitted beam is consistent with a first-order spatial differentiation of the incident beam profile in the direction of the grating periodicity, regardless of the incident light polarization. These observations are corroborated by full numerical simulations. The simple one-dimensional and symmetric design, combined with the thinness and excellent mechanical properties of these essentially loss-free dieletric films, is attractive for applications in optical processing, sensing and optomechanics.
Additional file 1 of “Balancing work and movement”: barriers and enablers for being physically active at Indian workplaces – findings from SMART STEP trial
Creators: name: Chandrasekaran, Baskaran
name: Arumugam, Ashokan
name: Pesola, Arto J
name: Rao, Chythra R
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1
Blocking transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in llamas by vaccination with a recombinant spike protein
Creators: name: Rodon, Jordi
name: Okba, Nisreen M. A.
name: Te, Nigeer
name: van Dieren, Brenda
name: Bosch, Berend-Jan
name: Bensaid, Albert
name: Segalés, Joaquim
name: Haagmans, Bart L.
name: Vergara-Alert, Júlia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: The ongoing Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreaks pose a worldwide public health threat. Blocking MERS-CoV zoonotic transmission from dromedary camels, the animal reservoir, could potentially reduce the number of primary human cases. Here we report MERS-CoV transmission from experimentally infected llamas to naïve animals. Directly inoculated llamas shed virus for at least 6 days and could infect all in-contact naïve animals 4–5 days after exposure. With the aim to block virus transmission, we examined the efficacy of a recombinant spike S1-protein vaccine. In contrast to naïve animals, in-contact vaccinated llamas did not shed infectious virus upon exposure to directly inoculated llamas, consistent with the induction of strong virus neutralizing antibody responses. Our data provide further evidence that vaccination of the reservoir host may impede MERS-CoV zoonotic transmission to humans.
Pregnancy level of estradiol attenuated virus-specific humoral immune response in H5N1-infected female mice despite inducing anti-inflammatory protection
Creators: name: Finch, Courtney L.
name: Zhang, Anding
name: Kosikova, Martina
name: Kawano, Toshiaki
name: Pasetti, Marcela F.
name: Ye, Zhiping
name: Ascher, Jill R.
name: Xie, Hang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Estradiol, a major female steroid produced during pregnancy, has been reported to protect ovariectomized animals against H1N1 influenza infections via its anti-inflammatory effects. However, it remains unclear why pregnant women with high gestational estradiol levels are highly susceptible to influenza infections. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of pregnancy level of estradiol on female immunity against H5N1 infection in Balb/c mice. A sex-dependent susceptibility to H5N1 infection (higher morbidity and higher mortality) was observed in both pregnant and non-pregnant female mice as compared to male mice. Subcutaneous implantation of estradiol pellets increased serum estradiol concentrations of non-pregnant female mice to the pregnancy level. These mice were protected from H5N1 infection through downregulation of pulmonary pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, the production of virus-specific antibodies after infection was significantly delayed in estradiol-implanted mice when compared to placebos. Virus-specific IgG-secreting and IL-4-secreting cells were also reduced in estradiol-implanted mice. Similarly, lower antibody titers to seasonal vaccine antigens were found in pregnant women as compared to non-pregnant females without hormone usage. Our results indicate that estradiol levels equivalent to those found during pregnancy have divergent effects on female immunity against influenza, highlighting the importance of vaccination during pregnancy to prevent severe influenza infections.
Probable detection of an eruptive filament from a superflare on a solar-type star
Creators: name: Namekata, Kosuke
name: Maehara, Hiroyuki
name: Honda, Satoshi
name: Notsu, Yuta
name: Okamoto, Soshi
name: Takahashi, Jun
name: Takayama, Masaki
name: Ohshima, Tomohito
name: Saito, Tomoki
name: Katoh, Noriyuki
name: Tozuka, Miyako
name: Murata, Katsuhiro L.
name: Ogawa, Futa
name: Niwano, Masafumi
name: Adachi, Ryo
name: Oeda, Motoki
name: Shiraishi, Kazuki
name: Isogai, Keisuke
name: Seki, Daikichi
name: Ishii, Takako T.
name: Ichimoto, Kiyoshi
name: Nogami, Daisaku
name: Shibata, Kazunari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar flares are often accompanied by filament/prominence eruptions ($\sim10^{4}$ K and $\sim 10^{10-11}$ cm$^{-3}$), sometimes leading to coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that directly affect the Earth's environment. `Superflares' are found on some active solar-type (G-type main-sequence) stars, but the association of filament eruptions/CMEs has not been established. Here we show that our optical spectroscopic observation of the young solar-type star EK Draconis reveals the evidence for a stellar filament eruption associated with a superflare. This superflare emitted a radiated energy of $2.0\times10^{33}$ erg, and blue-shifted hydrogen absorption component with a large velocity of $-510$ km s$^{-1}$ was observed shortly after. The temporal changes in the spectra greatly resemble those of solar filament eruptions. Comparing this eruption with solar filament eruptions in terms of the length scale and velocity strongly suggests that a stellar CME occurred. The erupted filament mass of $1.1\times10^{18}$ g is 10 times larger than those of the largest solar CMEs. The massive filament eruption and an associated CME provide the opportunity to evaluate how they affect the environment of young exoplanets/young Earth and stellar mass/angular-momentum evolution.
description: 40 pages, 4 figures, 4 extended data figures, published in Nature Astronomy (2021)
Authority and power in the governance of public education: a study of the administrative structure of the British Columbia education system
Creators: name: Woodrow, James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The education system of British Columbia is constituted by statute. The constitutional statute is called the Public Schools Act (1972). The Public Schools Act Regulations are part of the Act. This Act names various officials (constituents). The constituents include the Minister of Education, the Deputy Minister of Education, Provincial and District Superintendents, Teachers, Principals, Trustees and such persons as may be required to give effect to the provisions of the Act. If it is assumed that the term administration refers to acts of governing, controlling, inducing co-operation and similar kinds of acts, then it may be the case that many constituents of the British Columbia education system engage at least periodically in some form of administrative action. Each constituent that acts administratively has some authority and/or power over someone or something. This capacity may be regarded as a basis of many administrative relationships among the education system's constituents. The Public Schools Act establishes what kinds of authority and degrees of power each constituent has. Without a careful examination of the statutory provisions of the Act, the kinds of legal administrative authority and the degrees of power of the system's constituents cannot be determined. The central problem of the study is to determine the kinds of statutory administrative authority and power of the constituents of the British Columbia educational system. The problem is approached by establishing the nature of the political context within which the administration of education takes place; and by analyzing the statutory documents governing education in British Columbia. The study sets out the many statutorily posited relationships of constituents, and concludes that there is a strong parallel between political and administrative action and that administration in education cannot be fully appreciated without attention to the political context of provincial government which is the source and operating environment of public education.
Atmospheric mass loss and stellar wind effects in young and old systems I: comparative 3D study of TOI-942 and TOI-421 systems
Creators: name: Kubyshkina, Daria
name: Vidotto, Aline A.
name: D'Angelo, Carolina Villarreal
name: Carolan, Stephen
name: Hazra, Gopal
name: Carleo, Ilaria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At young ages, when radiation from the host star is high, and the planet is hot and inflated after formation, planetary atmospheric mass loss can be extremely strong compared to older planets. In turn, stellar winds are faster and denser for young stars compared to evolved main-sequence stars. Their interaction with escaping planetary atmospheres can substantially affect atmospheric mass loss rates, as well as the observable signatures of escaping atmospheres, with both effects expected to occur differently for young and evolved planets. We perform a comparative study of two systems around stars of similar masses but very different ages (50~Myr and 9~Gyr): TOI-942 and TOI-421. Both stars host two sub-Neptune-like planets at similar orbits and in similar mass ranges, which allows a direct comparison of the atmospheric escape and interactions with the stellar winds in the young and old systems. We perform the 3D atmospheric modeling of the four planets in TOI-942 and TOI-421 systems and make the theoretical predictions of possible observational signatures in Ly-alpha absorption. We find that accounting for the stellar wind interacting with planetary atmospheres is crucial for the interpretation of the observations for young planets. Additionally, we show that a particular energy distribution along the XUV spectra has a minor effect on the atmospheric mass-loss rates, but it is of crucial importance for modeling the Ly-alpha absorption and therefore for interpretation of observations.
description: 19 pages, 9+3 Figures (including Appendix); Accepted for publication in MNRAS
The ANTARES underwater neutrino telescope
Creators: name: Montaruli, Teresa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: ANTARES is the first undersea neutrino telescope. It is in its complete configuration since May 2008 at about 2.5 km below the sea surface close to Marseille. Data from 12 lines are being analyzed and are producing first results. Here we discuss first analysis results for 5 lines and 10 lines, and we also comment on the performance of the full detector. We show that the detector has capabilities for discriminating upgoing neutrino events from the much larger amount of downgoing atmospheric muons and that data and simulation are in good agreement. We then discuss the physics reach of the detector for what concerns point-like source and dark matter searches.
description: Proc. of 7th Alexander Friedmann International Seminar on Gravitation and Cosmology, to appear in Int. J. of Modern Phys. A
Spin alignment measurement of vector mesons produced in high energy collisions
Creators: name: Mohanty, Bedangadas
name: Kundu, Sourav
name: Singha, Subhash
name: Singh, Ranbir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This review covers the recent experimental development on spin alignment measurements of $K^{*0}$ and $ϕ$ vector mesons in heavy-ion and pp collisions at RHIC and LHC energies. Measurements in $e^+e^-$ collisions at LEP energies are also discussed. Spin alignment of vector mesons are studied by measuring the second diagonal element $ρ_{00}$ of spin density matrix. The $ρ_{00}$ is obtained by measuring the angular distribution of vector meson decay daughter with respect to the quantization axis in vector meson rest frame. Measured $ρ_{00}$ values for vector mesons are found to be larger than 1/3 at high momentum in $e^+e^-$ collisions at LEP energies, suggesting the preferential production of vector meson with helicity zero state from the fragmentation process. The $ρ_{00}$ values are found to be smaller than 1/3 ($ρ_{00}$ = 1/3 implies no spin alignment) for $K^{*0}$ and $ϕ$ vector mesons at low transverse momentum in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV. This observations are qualitatively consistent with the expectation from models which attribute the spin alignment effect due to polarization of quarks in the presence of large initial angular momentum in non-central heavy-ion collisions and its subsequent hadronization by the process of recombination. No significant spin alignment effect is observed for $K^0_S$ (spin = 0) in mid-central Pb--Pb collisions and for vector mesons in pp collisions. However, the preliminary results of $ρ_{00}$ for $ϕ$ mesons are larger than 1/3 at intermediate $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ in Au--Au collisions at RHIC energies and can be attributed to the presence of $ϕ$ meson field. Although there is evidence of spin alignment effect of vector mesons in heavy-ion collisions but the measured effect is surprisingly larger in context of hyperon polarization. Therefore these results will trigger further theoretical study.
description: 25 pages, 13 figures
Pregnancy level of estradiol attenuated virus-specific humoral immune response in H5N1-infected female mice despite inducing anti-inflammatory protection
Creators: name: Finch, Courtney L.
name: Zhang, Anding
name: Kosikova, Martina
name: Kawano, Toshiaki
name: F. Pasetti, Marcela
name: Ye, Zhiping
name: Ascher, Jill R.
name: Xie, Hang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Estradiol, a major female steroid produced during pregnancy, has been reported to protect ovariectomized animals against H1N1 influenza infections via its anti-inflammatory effects. However, it remains unclear why pregnant women with high gestational estradiol levels are highly susceptible to influenza infections. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of pregnancy level of estradiol on female immunity against H5N1 infection in Balb/c mice. A sex-dependent susceptibility to H5N1 infection (higher morbidity and higher mortality) was observed in both pregnant and non-pregnant female mice as compared to male mice. Subcutaneous implantation of estradiol pellets increased serum estradiol concentrations of non-pregnant female mice to the pregnancy level. These mice were protected from H5N1 infection through downregulation of pulmonary pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, the production of virus-specific antibodies after infection was significantly delayed in estradiol-implanted mice when compared to placebos. Virus-specific IgG-secreting and IL-4-secreting cells were also reduced in estradiol-implanted mice. Similarly, lower antibody titers to seasonal vaccine antigens were found in pregnant women as compared to non-pregnant females without hormone usage. Our results indicate that estradiol levels equivalent to those found during pregnancy have divergent effects on female immunity against influenza, highlighting the importance of vaccination during pregnancy to prevent severe influenza infections.
Additional file 1 of NAMPT/SIRT2-mediated inhibition of the p53-p21 signaling pathway is indispensable for maintenance and hematopoietic differentiation of human iPS cells
Creators: name: Xu, Yun
name: Nasri, Masoud
name: Dannenmann, Benjamin
name: Mir, Perihan
name: Zahabi, Azadeh
name: Welte, Karl
name: Morishima, Tatsuya
name: Skokowa, Julia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Low energy excitations of the kagome antiferromagnet and the spin gap issue
Creators: name: Sindzingre, Philippe
name: Lhuillier, Claire
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we report the latest results of exact diagonalizations of SU(2) invariant models on various lattices (square, triangular, hexagonal, checkerboard and kagome lattices). We focus on the low lying levels in each S sector. The differences in behavior between gapless systems and gapped ones are exhibited. The plausibility of a gapless spin liquid in the Heisenberg model on the kagome lattice is discussed. A rough estimate of the spin susceptibility in such an hypothesis is given.The evolution of the intra-S channel spectra under the effect of a small perturbation is consistent with the proximity of a quantum critical point. We emphasize that the very small intra-S channel energy scale observed in exact spectra is a very interesting information to understand the low T dynamics of this model.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, revised version with a more extended discussion on the issue of a possible proximity with a quantum critical point, a few more details and references, a modified Fig 5
title: A Dynamic Measure of Morphological Awareness in Young Children
Creators: name: Gibson, Frances Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: This study investigated the validity of a dynamic measure of morphological awareness (DMMA) in young children. During the first semester of first grade, 78 children completed a language and literacy battery of tests focused on morphological awareness, general cognitive ability, general language ability, phonological awareness, vocabulary, word-level reading, and word-level spelling. Morphological awareness was assessed using a standardized static measure and an experimental dynamic measure comprised of two subtasks, receptive discrimination and expressive production.
The validity of the interpretations of morphological awareness performance was explored through sources of evidence based on test content, internal structure and reliability. The performance relationships were explored between all the morphological awareness measures and with the other language and literacy measures. Moderate, significant correlations (p < 0.01) were found between the morphological awareness measures for the entire sample. Furthermore, moderate, significant correlations (i.e., mostly at the p < 0.01 level of significance) were found between the morphological awareness measures and the other language and literacy measures, except general cognitive ability and sight-word reading for the entire sample. However, significant performance differences were found between a typically performing group and an at-risk group of children. The interpretations of DMMA performance demonstrate adequate (i.e., more than 70%) levels of sensitivity and specificity when compared to the classifications of the morphological completion and sentence imitation subtests.
The unique contributions of morphological awareness as assessed by the experimental measure to word level reading and spelling are also explored. Morphological awareness may to contribute variance to word-level reading and spelling; however, whether this is a unique, significant contribution is still unclear at the present time. Further investigation is needed.
The DMMA appears to be a valid measure of the wide range of morphological awareness in young children in the early stages of language and literacy acquisition and development. The DMMA also appears to result in improved outcomes compared to the traditional, static assessments, especially for children who are at-risk for language and literacy difficulties. The DMMA is a promising tool to assess morphological awareness in young children.