cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Retail Market News as an Aid in Marketing: A Study of Opportunities for Making Further Use of Retail Market News as an Aid in the Marketing of Food Products
Creators: name: McCallister, Kenneth J.
name: Poats, Frederick J.
name: Jones, Mary Winston
name: McCallister, Kenneth J.
name: Poats, Frederick J.
name: Jones, Mary Winston
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1952
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Excerpts from the report Preface: With the United States Department of Agriculture and many State governments reporting wholesale market news on agricultural products as an aid to better marketing, the question frequently has been raised as to whether retail market news would be useful to help give the complete marketing picture. In fact, retail market news reporting has been undertaken by several States and one city government. This study examines some of the needs for better retail market information, as reflected by market price behavior; it shows the extent and kind of uses made of retail market news by retailers, wholesalers, processors, shippers, farmers, and homemakers; and it sets forth methods of reporting and costs of retail market news.
On singularities of real algebraic sets and applications to kinematics
Creators: name: Diesse, Marc
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: real algebraic geometry
subject: singularities
subject: planar linkages
subject: kinematics
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik

description: We address the question of identifying non-smooth points in VR(I) the real part of an affine algebraic variety. Two simple algebraic criteria will be formulated and proven. As an application, we investigate the configuration spaces of the planar four-bar linkage and the delta robot and prove that all singularities are CS-singularities.
A DYNAMIC MODEL OF THE FOOD PROCESSING SECTOR IN THE NEW MARKET ECONOMIES OF CENTRAL EUROPE
Creators: name: Lyons, Robert F.
name: Goodhue, Rachael E.
name: Rausser, Gordon C.
name: Simon, Leo K.
name: Lyons, Robert F.
name: Goodhue, Rachael E.
name: Rausser, Gordon C.
name: Simon, Leo K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Agribusiness
Productivity Analysis

description: We evaluate the importance of the competitiveness and productive efficiency of the food processing sector for predicting policy outcomes, and the sector's performance under selected government interventions. Our model is based on firm-level decisions and focuses explicitly on the effects of government policies on firms' incentives.
DISCUSSANT'S COMMENTS FOR AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING, SELECTED PAPERS SESSION SP-3R: "ECONOMETRIC METHODS IN DEMAND ANALYSIS"
Creators: name: Huang, Kuo S.
name: Huang, Kuo S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This session focuses on advanced econometric issues in demand estimation. Testing Aggregation Without Separability in Meat Demand: An Investigation of the Generalized Composite Commodity Theorem George Davis, Texas A&M University. A New, More General Demand System: The Nested PIGLOG Julian Alston and James Chalfant, University of California-Davis; Nicholas Piggott, North Carolina State University. An Almost Ideal Demand System with Global Regularity Properties Anatolik Skripnichenko, University of Alberta; Kevin Chen. The Estimation of a Complete Demand System Using Censored Microdata: Cereal Demand in Ethiopia Michigan State University.
Thermodynamic equilibrium and its stability for Microcanonical systems described by the Sharma-Taneja-Mittal entropy
Creators: name: Scarfone, A. M.
name: Wada, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is generally assumed that the thermodynamic stability of equilibrium state is reflected by the concavity of entropy. We inquire, in the microcanonical picture, on the validity of this statement for systems described by the bi-parametric entropy $S_{_{κ, r}}$ of Sharma-Taneja-Mittal. We analyze the ``composability'' rule for two statistically independent systems, A and B, described by the entropy $S_{_{κ, r}}$ with the same set of the deformed parameters. It is shown that, in spite of the concavity of the entropy, the ``composability'' rule modifies the thermodynamic stability conditions of the equilibrium state. Depending on the values assumed by the deformed parameters, when the relation $S_{_{κ, r}}({\rm A}\cup{\rm B})> S_{_{κ, r}}({\rm A})+S_{_{κ, r}}({\rm B})$ holds (super-additive systems), the concavity conditions does imply the thermodynamics stability. Otherwise, when the relation $S_{_{κ, r}}({\rm A}\cup{\rm B})
description: 13 pages, two columns, 1 figure, RevTex4, version accepted on PRE
The Strength of Nesterov's Extrapolation in the Individual Convergence of Nonsmooth Optimization
Creators: name: Tao, W.
name: Pan, Z.
name: Wu, G.
name: Tao, Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The extrapolation strategy raised by Nesterov, which can accelerate the convergence rate of gradient descent methods by orders of magnitude when dealing with smooth convex objective, has led to tremendous success in training machine learning tasks. In this article, the convergence of individual iterates of projected subgradient (PSG) methods for nonsmooth convex optimization problems is theoretically studied based on Nesterov's extrapolation, which we name individual convergence. We prove that Nesterov's extrapolation has the strength to make the individual convergence of PSG optimal for nonsmooth problems. In light of this consideration, a direct modification of the subgradient evaluation suffices to achieve optimal individual convergence for strongly convex problems, which can be regarded as making an interesting step toward the open question about stochastic gradient descent (SGD) posed by Shamir. Furthermore, we give an extension of the derived algorithms to solve regularized learning tasks with nonsmooth losses in stochastic settings. Compared with other state-of-the-art nonsmooth methods, the derived algorithms can serve as an alternative to the basic SGD especially in coping with machine learning problems, where an individual output is needed to guarantee the regularization structure while keeping an optimal rate of convergence. Typically, our method is applicable as an efficient tool for solving large-scale $l$1-regularized hinge-loss learning problems. Several comparison experiments demonstrate that our individual output not only achieves an optimal convergence rate but also guarantees better sparsity than the averaged solution.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
EFFECT OF GENERIC PROMOTION OF FLOWERS ON THE USE OF RETAIL FLOWER OUTLETS
Creators: name: Rimal, Arbindra
name: Ward, Ronald W.
name: Rimal, Arbindra
name: Ward, Ronald W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Fresh-cut flowers
subject: generic promotion
subject: AIDs model

description: AIDs demand models are used to test if the generic promotion of fresh-cut flowers influenced the market shares for florists, supermarkets, and other retail outlets. Were the generic efforts outlet neutral? Generic promotions of fresh-cut flowers is shown to be outlet neutral while the brand advertising increased florists' market share.
Catalytic pyrolysis of Paulownia wood and bio-oil characterization
Creators: name: Yildiz, Derya
name: Yorgun, Sait
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: This study focused on the catalytic pyrolysis of Paulownia (P. elongota) wood. The effects of ZSM-5, Na2CO3, sepiolite, and catalyst ratio (10–80% by wood weight) on product yields and bio-oil composition were investigated. In pyrolysis experiments, 500°C pyrolysis temperature, 50°C min−1 heating rate, and 100 mL min−1 N2 flow rate were kept as constant. The catalyst type and catalyst ratio changed the product yields and bio-oil compositions. Pyrolysis conversion was increased for all catalyst types. Maximum liquid product yields were obtained as 63.26 wt%, 56.18 wt%, and 54.59 wt% with the ZSM-5, Na2CO3 and sepiolite, respectively, at 10 wt% catalyst ratio. For all catalysts, it was determined that the liquid and solid yields reduce and the gas product yield rises with the catalyst ratio. The bio-oil characterization was performed with elemental analysis, FTIR, 1HNMR, and GC-MS techniques. The bio-oil composition was determined to consist of alkanes, carboxylic acids, ketones, esters, benzenes, and phenols.
LONG-TERM HEDGING ANALYSIS FOR SOYBEANS, 1973-95
Creators: name: Conley, Dennis M.
name: Almonte-Alvarez, Jaime
name: Conley, Dennis M.
name: Almonte-Alvarez, Jaime
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The study analyzed a two-year hedge for soybeans in three states trying to capture high prices. The differences in prices received over a 23 year period were not significant when compared to annual hedges or cash sales.
Charge correlation in V$_2$OPO$_4$ probed by hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy
Creators: name: Murota, K.
name: Pachoud, E.
name: Attfield, J. P.
name: Glaum, R.
name: Yasuda, T.
name: Ootsuki, D.
name: Takagi, Y.
name: Yasui, A.
name: Khomskii, D. I.
name: Mizokawa, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic properties of V$_2$OPO$_4$ have been investigated by means of hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES) and subsequent theoretical calculations. The V 1$s$ and 2$p$ HAXPES spectra are consistent with the charge ordering of V$^{2+}$ and V$^{3+}$. The binding energy difference between the V$^{2+}$ and V$^{3+}$ components is unexpectedly large indicating large bonding-antibonding splitting between them in the final states of core level photoemission. The V 1$s$ HAXPES spectrum exhibits a charge transfer satellite which can be analyzed by configuration interaction calculations on a V$_2$O$_9$ cluster. The V 3$d$ spectral weight near the Fermi level is assigned to the 3$d$ $t_{2g}$ orbitals of the V$^{2+}$ site. The broad V 3$d$ spectral distribution is consistent with the strong hybridization between V$^{2+}$ and V$^{3+}$ in the ground state. The core level and valence band HAXPES results indicate substantial charge transfer from the V$^{2+}$ site to the V$^{3+}$ site.7 figure
description: 16 pages, 7 figures
DERIVING EMPIRICAL DEFINITIONS OF SPATIAL LABOR MARKETS: THE ROLES OF COMPETING VERSUS COMPLEMENTARY GROWTH
Creators: name: Khan, Romana
name: Orazem, Peter F.
name: Otto, Daniel M.
name: Khan, Romana
name: Orazem, Peter F.
name: Otto, Daniel M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: Rural communities compete with each other for firms, but their residents often commute large distances to work. Consequently, rural communities can benefit from economic growth occurring as much as 50 miles away. Data on county population growth shows that counties benefit from growth one or two counties away.
MPEC 2024-T236 : 2024 TQ9
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 TQ9

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
The Search for eta(1440) --> K^0_S K^pm π^mp in Two-Photon Fusion at CLEO
Creators: name: Ahohe, R.
name: Collaboration, CLEO
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze 13.8 \rm fb^{-1} of the integrated e^+e^- luminosity collected at 10.6 GeV center-of-mass energy with the CLEO II and CLEO II.V detectors to study exclusive two-photon production of hadrons with masses below 1.7{\rm \ GeV/c^2} decaying into the K^0_S K^\pm π^\mp final state. We observe two statistically significant enhancements in the η(1440) mass region. These enhancements have large transverse momentum which rules them out as being due to pseudoscalar resonances but is consistent with the production of axial-vector mesons. We use tagged two-photon events to study the properties of the observed enhancements and associate them with the production of f_1(1285) and f_1(1420). Our non-observation of η(1440) is inconsistent by more than two standard deviations with the first observation of this resonance in two-photon collisions by the L3 experiment. We present our estimates for 90% confidence level upper limits on the products of two-photon partial widths of pseudoscalar hadrons and their branching fractions into K^0_S(π^+π^-)K^\pmπ^\mp.
description: 24 pages postscript,also available through http://www.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLNS/2004/, submitted to PRD
SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Popp, Jennie S. Hughes
name: Hoag, Dana L.
name: Popp, Jennie S. Hughes
name: Hoag, Dana L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Resource endowments, modeled as quality indices, are placed into a dynamic production model to determine resource use adjustments to meet sustainability and production input usage changes when resource quality fluctuates. Impacts of sustainability are identified and the time path of resource quality is evaluated using substitution, reversibility and uncertainty criteria.
Analysis on Riemannian foliations of bounded geometry
Creators: name: Alvarez López, Jesús A.
name: Kordyukov, Yuri A.
name: Leichtnam, Éric
Publisher: name: Mathematisches Institut (Universität Münster)
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematics

description: A leafwise Hodge decomposition was proved by Sanguiao for Riemannian foliations of bounded geometry. Its proof is explained again in terms of our study of bounded geometry for Riemannian foliations. It is used to associate smoothing operators to foliated flows, and describe their Schwartz kernels. All of this is extended to a leafwise version of the Novikov differential complex.
title: Ensemble methods for meteorological predictions.
Creators: name: Du, Jun
name: Berner, Judith
name: Buizza, Roberto
name: Charron, Martin
name: Houtekamer, Pieter Leopold
name: Hou, Dingchen
name: Jankov, Isidora
name: Mu, Mu
name: Wang, Xuguang
name: Wei, Mozheng
name: Yuan, Huiling
Publisher: name: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Weather Service, National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)
Year: 2018

description: Since the atmospheric system is a nonlinear chaotic system, its numerical prediction is bound by a predictability limit due to imperfect initial conditions and models. Ensemble forecasting is a dynamical approach to quantify the predictability of weather, climate and water forecasts. This chapter introduces various methods to create an ensemble of forecasts based on three aspects: perturbing initial conditions (IC), perturbing a model and building a virtual ensemble. For generating IC perturbations, methods include 1) random, 2) time-lagged, 3) bred vector, 4) ensemble transform (ET), 5) singular vector (SV), 6) conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP), 7) ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF), 8) ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), and 9) perturbations in boundaries including land surface and topography. For generating model perturbations, methods include 1) multi-model and multi-physics, 2) stochastically perturbed parametrization tendency (SPPT), 3) stochastically kinetic energy backscatter (SKEB), 4) convection triggering, 5) stochastic boundary-layer humidity (SHUM), 6) stochastic total tendency perturbation (STTP), and 7) vorticity confinement. A method to create a spatially correlated random pattern (mask) needed by SPPT and SKEB, etc., is introduced based on the Markov process; a factor-separation method is introduced to estimate the relative impact of various physics schemes and their interactions. A method of perturbing a dynamic core to create an ensemble is also mentioned. Quantitative forecast uncertainty information and ensemble products can also be generated from "virtual ensembles" based on existing deterministic forecasts through at least five different approaches including 1) time-lagged, 2) poor-man's, 3) hybrid, 4) neighborhood, and 5) analog ensembles. Generally speaking, the selection of perturbation methods in constructing an EPS is more important for smaller scale and shorter range forecasts and less critical for larger scale and longer range forecasts. Finally, the frequently asked question about the trade-off between ensemble size and model resolution is discussed. By introducing these methods, we hope to help readers who are interested in ensemble forecasting but not familiar with these approaches to build their own EPS or produce ensemble products as well as for students to learn the subject of ensemble forecasting.
DISCUSSANT'S COMMENTS FOR AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING, SELECTED PAPERS SESSION SP-8W, "PESTICIDES AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY"
Creators: name: Hurley, Terrance M.
name: Hurley, Terrance M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Studies on the optimal use of pesticides, their disposal, and effects are presented. Papers include: Financing the Disposal of Unwanted Agricultural Pesticides, Lewell F. Gunter and Terence Centner, University of Georgia. Determinants of Pesticide Registration for Food Crops, Claude Courbois, North Carolina State University and International Food Policy Research Institute. A New Measure of Integrated Pest Management - Weed IPM by Corn Producers, Jorge Fernandez-Cornejo and Sharon Jans, USDA/ERS. The Environmental Effects of Adopting IPM Techniques: The Case of Peach Producers,Jennifer Ferraioli and Jorge Fernandez-Cornejo, USDA/ERS.
Efficient and long-lived field-free orientation of molecules by a single hybrid short pulse
Creators: name: Daems, D.
name: Guérin, S.
name: Sugny, D.
name: Jauslin, H. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a combination of a half-cycle pulse and a short nonresonant laser pulse produces a strongly enhanced postpulse orientation. Robust transients that display both efficient and long-lived orientation are obtained. The mechanism is analyzed in terms of optimal oriented target states in finite Hilbert subspaces and shows that hybrid pulses can prove useful for other control issues.
description: 4 pages, 4 color figures
Aspects of p-adic operator algebras
Creators: name: Claußnitzer, Anton
name: Thom, Andreas Berthold
Publisher: name: Mathematisches Institut (Universität Münster)
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematics

description: In this article, we propose a p-adic analog of complex Hilbert space and consider generalizations of some well-known theorems from functional analysis and the basic study of operators on Hilbert spaces. We compute the K-theory of the analog of the algebra of compact operators and the algebra of all bounded operators. This article contains a survey on results from the thesis of the first author.
Far Ultraviolet Spectral Images of the Vela Supernova Remnant
Creators: name: Nishikida, K.
name: Edelstein, J.
name: Korpela, E. J.
name: Sankrit, R.
name: Feuerstein, W. M.
name: Min, K. W.
name: Shinn, J-H.
name: Lee, D-H.
name: Yuk, I-S.
name: Jin, H.
name: Seon, K-I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectral-imaging observations of the Vela supernova remnant (SNR), obtained with the Spectroscopy of Plasma Evolution from Astrophysical Radiation (SPEAR) instrument, also known as FIMS. The Vela SNR extends 8 degrees in the FUV and its global spectra are dominated by shock-induced emission lines. We find that the global FUV line luminosities can exceed the 0.1-2.5 keV soft X-ray luminosity by an order of magnitude. The global O VI:C III ratio shows that the Vela SNR has a relatively large fraction of slower shocks compared with the Cygnus Loop.
description: Accepted by ApJL
Q_T Resummation in Transversely Polarized Drell-Yan Process
Creators: name: Kawamura, H.
name: Kodaira, J.
name: Shimizu, H.
name: Tanaka, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate QCD corrections to transversely polarized Drell-Yan process at a measured $Q_T$ of the produced lepton pair in the dimensional regularization scheme. The $Q_T$ distribution is discussed resumming soft gluon effects relevant for small $Q_T$.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, contribution to proceedings of International Conference on QCD and Hadronic Physics, Beijing, June 16-20, 2005
AGRICULTURAL POLICY IN A VERTICAL STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTION WITH AN APPLICATION TO THE MILK INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Bouamra, Zohra
name: Requillart, Vincent
name: Bouamra, Zohra
name: Requillart, Vincent
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: public intervention
subject: dairy industry
subject: multiproduction
subject: vertical structure
subject: joint production.

description: This paper analyzes the effects of policy instruments used in the dairy sector. The analysis considers the supply of milk, the processing step characterized by joint production and the final demand for processed goods. A short term partial equilibrium model is defined. We use it to determine the effects of different policy scenarios on price, production, consumption and exports for the different products. Because the GATT agreements imply a decrease in the volume of subsidized exports, we particularly analyze the impact of policy instruments on the exports of different milk products.
The Equation of State of Nuclear Matter : from Finite Nuclei to Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Burgio, G. F.
name: Vidana, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: {\it Background.} We investigate possible correlations between neutron star observables and properties of atomic nuclei. Particularly, we explore how the tidal deformability of a 1.4 solar mass neutron star, $M_{1.4}$, and the neutron skin thickness of ${^{48}}$Ca and ${^{208}}$Pb are related to the stellar radius and the stiffness of the symmetry energy. {\it Methods.} We examine a large set of nuclear equations of state based on phenomenological models (Skyrme, NLWM, DDM) and {\it ab-initio} theoretical methods (BBG, Dirac-Brueckner, Variational, Quantum Monte Carlo). {\it Results.} We find strong correlations between tidal deformability and NS radius, whereas a weaker correlation does exist with the stiffness of the symmetry energy. Regarding the neutron skin thickness, weak correlations appear both with the stiffness of the symmetry energy, and the radius of a $M_{1.4}$. {\it Conclusion.} The tidal deformability of a $M_{1.4}$ and the neutron-skin thickness of atomic nuclei show some degree of correlation with nuclear and astrophysical observables, which however depends on the ensemble of adopted EoS.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures, invited contribution for the special issue "Shedding Light to the Dark sides of the Universe: Cosmology from Strong Interactions" to appear in the open access journal Universe
RISK ANALYSIS UNDER CORRELATED, NON-NORMAL PRICE AND YIELD PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
Creators: name: Ramirez, Octavio A.
name: Sosa, Romeo
name: Ramirez, Octavio A.
name: Sosa, Romeo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Recently developed techniques are combined for modeling mutually correlated crop yields and prices that exhibit heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation, respectively, and follow non-normal probability density functions (pdf's). The importance rigorously modeling these pdf's for financial risk analysis is illustrated through a case study of tropical agroforestry systems for coffee production.
IN SITU CONSERVATION OF CROP GENETIC RESOURCES IN A CENTER OF DIVERSITY
Creators: name: Van Dusen, M. Eric
name: Van Dusen, M. Eric
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The purpose of this paper is to model farmer behavior with respect to in situ conservation, extending the existing literature beyond competition within the principal crop to encompass a broader definition of on-farm diversity and testing the hypothesis that factors affecting the principal crop explain overall crop diversity on the farm . Primary survey data is used from a rural area of Puebla state, Mexico. A Poisson regression is run on the total number of species in the milpa system as explained by cultural, agricultural and economic variables. A set of Poisson regressions, one for each crop group, is run in order test whether factors affect different crops in different ways. Policy implication of the findings are discussed for an in situ conservation program.
Central potentials on spaces of constant curvature: The Kepler problem on the two-dimensional sphere $S^2$ and the hyperbolic plane $H^2$
Creators: name: Cariñena, José F.
name: Rañada, Manuel F.
name: Santander, Mariano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37J35, 70H06

description: The Kepler problem is a dynamical system that is well defined not only on the Euclidean plane but also on the sphere and on the Hyperbolic plane. First, the theory of central potentials on spaces of constant curvature is studied. All the mathematical expressions are presented using the curvature $\k$ as a parameter, in such a way that they reduce to the appropriate property for the system on the sphere $S^2$, or on the hyperbolic plane $H^2$, when particularized for $\k>0$, or $\k<0$, respectively; in addition, the Euclidean case arises as the particular case $\k=0$. In the second part we study the main properties of the Kepler problem on spaces with curvature, we solve the equations and we obtain the explicit expressions of the orbits by using two different methods: first by direct integration and second by obtaining the $\k$-dependent version of the Binet's equation. The final part of the article, that has a more geometric character, is devoted to the study of the theory of conics on spaces of constant curvature.
description: 37 pages, 7 figures
Treatment of thermomechanical (TMP) white water with organically-tailored synthetic zeolites
Creators: name: Kurniawan, Christophorus Budi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In an effort to reduce fresh water usage and wastewater discharge, white water process streams in pulp and paper mills can be targeted for recycling. However, accumulations of dissolved and colloidal substances (DCS) in a closed white water system are detrimental to mill operations, machine runnability, and product quality. This study determined the technical feasibility of using organically-tailored synthetic zeolites, whose cation exchange capacities (CEC) and external CEC (ECEC) values ranged from approximately 80 to 240 meq/lOOg and 20 to 160 meq/lOOg, respectively, for treatments of synthetic process water (SPW) and thermomechanical (TMP) white water (WW) samples. The SPW contained only dehydroabietic acid (DHA) at a concentration of approximately 30 mg/L. Treatment of SPW with untailored synthetic zeolites at 20 g/L mineral dose resulted in removal of 19-45% of DHA. Complete uptakes of DHA were also achieved when water-soluble organic cations (C15 and C17) were used to tailor the zeolites. Lower DHA uptake capacities (9-71% removal efficiencies) were observed when alcohol- (methanol and ethanol) soluble organic surfactants (C20-C40) were used for tailoring the zeolites. Mineral doses of TDTMA-tailored synthetic zeolite as low as 5 g/L removed 90% of the DHA from SPW, and complete DHA removal was obtained at doses of 10 g/L and higher. Also, the uptake of DHA from SPW by TDTMA-tailored synthetic zeolite occurred within minutes of contact, where the maximum removal efficiency was achieved after 3 minutes of treatment. DHA removals at low pH (4-7.25) values ranged from 40 to 100%, as compared to the 20-27% removals observed at pH 10-12. In addition, the removal of DHA from SPW was not affected by the nature of the buffering system used (unbuffered, acetate, and phosphate). Treatment of white waters (pH 7.25) using TDTMA-tailored zeolites at 1 g/L mineral dose resulted in 51% reduction of resin and fatty acids (RFA), 10% removals of soluble biochemical and chemical oxygen demands, 85% removal of acute toxicity, and 24% uptake of sterols. Higher (20 g/L) mineral doses resulted in more complete removals of the compounds of concern: RFA (100%), soluble biochemical oxygen demand (SBOD) (36%), soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) (38%), acute toxicity (91%), and sterols (100%).
"PAH" emission bands in selected planetary nebulae: a study of the behaviour with gas phase C/O ratio
Creators: name: Cohen, Martin
name: Barlow, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Airborne and space-based low-resolution spectroscopy in the 1980s discovered tantalizing quantitative relationships between the gas phase C/O abundance ratio in planetary nebulae (PNe) and the fractions of total far-infrared luminosity radiated by the 7.7 and 11.3 micron bands (the C=C stretch and C-H bend, respectively), of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Only a very small sample of nebulae was studied in this context, limited by airborne observations of the 7.7 micron band, or the existence of adequate IRAS Low Resolution Spectrometer data for the 11.3 micron band. To investigate these trends further, we have expanded the sample of planetaries available for this study using Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) low-resolution spectra secured with the Short Wavelength Spectrometer (SWS) and the Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS). The new sample of 43 PNe, of which 17 are detected in PAH emission, addresses the range from C/O=0.2-13 with the objective of trying to delineate the pathways by which carbon dust grains might have formed in planetaries. For the 7.7-micron and 11.3- micron bands, we confirm that the ratio of band strength to total infrared luminosity is correlated with the nebular C/O ratio. Expressed in equivalent width terms, the cut-on C/O ratio for the 7.7-micron band is found to be 0.6(+0.2,-0.4), in good accord with that found from sensitive ground-based measurements of the 3.3-micron band too.
description: 10 pages, LaTeX (mn2e.cls), incl. 5 PostScript (eps) figures and 3 tables. Accepted by MNRAS
Low Complexity Optimization of the Asymptotic Spectral Efficiency in Massive MIMO NOMA
Creators: name: Hadley, Lucinda
name: Chatzigeorgiou, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology facilitates huge increases in the capacity of wireless channels, while non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) addresses the problem of limited resources in traditional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) techniques, promising enhanced spectral efficiency. This work uses asymptotic capacity computation results to reduce the complexity of a power allocation algorithm for small-scale MIMO-NOMA, so that it may be applied for systems with massive MIMO arrays. The proposed method maximizes the sum-capacity of the considered system, subject to power and performance constraints, and demonstrates greater accuracy than alternative approaches despite remaining low-complexity for arbitrarily large antenna arrays.
description: Accepted for publication in IEEE Wireless Communications Letters
The Origin of Episodic Accretion Bursts in the Early Stages of Star Formation
Creators: name: Vorobyov, E. I.
name: Basu, Shantanu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study numerically the evolution of rotating cloud cores, from the collapse of a magnetically supercritical core to the formation of a protostar and the development of a protostellar disk during the main accretion phase. We find that the disk quickly becomes unstable to the development of a spiral structure similar to that observed recently in AB Aurigae. A continuous infall of matter from the protostellar envelope makes the protostellar disk unstable, leading to spiral arms and the formation of dense protostellar/protoplanetary clumps within them. The growing strength of spiral arms and ensuing redistribution of mass and angular momentum creates a strong centrifugal disbalance in the disk and triggers bursts of mass accretion during which the dense protostellar/protoplanetary clumps fall onto the central protostar. These episodes of clump infall may manifest themselves as episodes of vigorous accretion rate (\ge 10^{-4} M_sun/yr) as is observed in FU Orionis variables. Between these accretion bursts, the protostar is characterized by a low accretion rate (< 10^{-6} M_sun/yr). During the phase of episodic accretion, the mass of the protostellar disk remains less than or comparable to the mass of the protostar.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
Structural diagenesis using clumped isotope paleothermometry: applications and potential caveats
Creators: name: Herlambang, Adhipa
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Fluid flow commonly results in mineral precipitation in fractures which can yield a chemical archive of the physico-chemical conditions during tectonic deformation. However, interpreting subsurface conditions from traditional geochemical proxies can be ambiguous. Here we test clumped isotope thermometry as a tool to provide better understanding of the relationship between deformational structures and diagenetic processes. Three main questions are addressed by this PhD thesis. The first question regards the reliability of clumped isotope compared to fluid inclusions in fractures within granites. We selected calcite veins resulting from deep-biosphere activity in oligotrophic fractures environment in Sweden. The clumped isotope results demonstrate that the optimal habitat to support microbial activity was below the detection limit of fluid inclusion. Hence, carbonate clumped isotope in this case is a valuable tool complementary to fluid inclusions that offers tighter constraints on the temperature and origin of diagenetic fluid. The second objective was to investigate potential kinetic fractionation effects due to precipitation rates in fractures filled with meteoric cements. To address this objective, we apply clumped isotopes and trace element analysis along a detailed transect of single minerals of calcite in faults. The strong correlation between the ratio of Mn/Fe with clumped isotope temperature lead us to argue that this is indicative of variable crystal precipitation rates and in some cases kinetic fractionation. Thus for the first time we can independently show potential kinetic fractionation within ancient natural calcite samples that resulted in clumped isotopes temperature higher than ambient. The third and final objective of the thesis was to apply clumped isotopes within an integrated study aiming at understanding the relationship between paleo-temperature, fluid flow and salt-doming in Jebel Madar, Oman. The results lead us to re-interpret the structural diagenesis of Jebel Madar, and demonstrate the value of clumped isotopes in structural diagenesis studies in general.
Forced-unfolding and force-quench refolding of RNA hairpins
Creators: name: Hyeon, Changbong
name: Thirumalai, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using coarse-grained model we have explored forced-unfolding of RNA hairpin as a function of $f_S$ and the loading rate ($r_f$). The simulations and theoretical analysis have been done without and with the handles that are explicitly modeled by semiflexible polymer chains. The mechanisms and time scales for denaturation by temperature jump and mechanical unfolding are vastly different. The directed perturbation of the native state by $f_S$ results in a sequential unfolding of the hairpin starting from their ends whereas thermal denaturation occurs stochastically. From the dependence of the unfolding rates on $r_f$ and $f_S$ we show that the position of the unfolding transition state (TS) is not a constant but moves dramatically as either $r_f$ or $f_S$ is changed. The TS movements are interpreted by adopting the Hammond postulate for forced-unfolding. Forced-unfolding simulations of RNA, with handles attached to the two ends, show that the value of the unfolding force increases (especially at high pulling speeds) as the length of the handles increases. The pathways for refolding of RNA from stretched initial conformation, upon quenching $f_S$ to the quench force $f_Q$, are highly heterogeneous. The refolding times, upon force quench, are at least an order of magnitude greater than those obtained by temperature quench. The long $f_Q$-dependent refolding times starting from fully stretched states are analyzed using a model that accounts for the microscopic steps in the rate limiting step which involves the trans to gauche transitions of the dihedral angles in the GAAA tetraloop. The simulations with explicit molecular model for the handles show that the dynamics of force-quench refolding is strongly dependent on the interplay of their contour length and the persistence length, and the RNA persistence length.
description: 42 pages, 15 figures, Biophys. J. (in press)
Demand for Optional Units in Crop Insurance
Creators: name: Shaik, Saleem
name: Atwood, Joseph A.
name: Shaik, Saleem
name: Atwood, Joseph A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: This article demonstrates the importance of temporal-spatial yield, acreage and price risk apart from price in addressing the importance of optional unit provision in Federal crop insurance program. Specifically, based on 1998 U.S. cotton producers data, the demand for optional versus basic unit is examined using binomial logit model.
Variability of Optical \ion{Fe}{ii} Complex in Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 4051
Creators: name: Wang, J.
name: Wei, J. Y.
name: He, X. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The variability of optical FeII blends in NGC 4051 is examined from spectra extracted from the AGN Watch program.In our analysis, the FeII complex are subtracted and measured with the following results. Firstly, the FeII variations were detected in NGC 4051 during a 3-year period. The identified FeII variations followed the variations in continuum closely. Secondly, the EW of FeII is reported to increase with the rising continuum flux, which is consistent with previous claims that there is no convincing Baldwin Effect in optical FeII. Thirdly, by comparing the variations of H$β$ and FeII, we find that RFe scales with continuum flux as $\rm{R_{Fe}\propto (5.0\pm0.8) \log(L/M)}$, which is significantly different from the theoretical expectations. Finally, in six selected Seyferts, four out of five Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxies present positive correlation between RFe and the continuum flux. The negative correlations are identified in the remaindng two objects that have relatively broad profiles of H$β$ ($\rm{FWHM>1500 km\ s^{-1}}$).We argue that the difference of electron density of broad line clouds and/or variability behavior of incident high-energy radiation can explain the dichotomy in variability behavior of RFe.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures, accepted by A&A
Non-linear transport and heat dissipation in metallic carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Kuroda, M. A.
name: Leburton, J. -P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the local temperature dependence of thermalized electron and phonon populations along metallic carbon nanotubes is the main reason behind this non-linear transport characteristics in the high bias regime. Our model that considers optical and zone boundary phonon emission as well as absorption by charge carriers is based on the solution of the Boltzmann transport equation that assumes a local temperature along the nanotube, determined self-consistently with the heat transport equation. By using realistic transport parameters, our results not only reproduce experimental data for electronic transport, but also provide a coherent interpretation of thermal breakdown under electric stress. In particular, electron and phonon thermalization prohibits ballistic transport in short nanotubes.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
A BILATERAL COMPARISON OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION: U.S AND CANADA
Creators: name: Richards, Timothy J.
name: Patterson, Paul M.
name: Richards, Timothy J.
name: Patterson, Paul M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: A structural latent variable model tests the role quality and information play in explaining observed differences in Canadian and U.S. produce consumption (5.0 vs. 3.5 servings/day). Dietary health information is significant in expanding demands. Quality promotes fruit consumption in Canada, consistent with the Alchian-Allen prediction.
Topologically different spin disorder phases of the J1-J2 Heisenberg model on the honeycomb lattice
Creators: name: Liu, Jing
name: Quan, Ya-Min
name: Lin, H. Q.
name: Zou, Liang-Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searching for spin liquids on the honeycomb J1-J2 Heisenberg model has been attracting great attention in the past decade. In this Paper we investigate the topological properties of the J1-J2 Heisenberg model by introducing nearest-neighbour and next-nearest-neighbour bond parameters. We find that there exist two topologically different phases in the spin disordered regime 0.20.32, it is a pi-flux chiral spin liquid, which is topological nontrivial and gapped. These results suggest that there exist two topologically different spin disorder phases in honeycomb J1-J2 Heisenberg model.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Crystal interpretation of Kerov-Kirillov-Reshetikhin bijection
Creators: name: Kuniba, Atsuo
name: Okado, Masato
name: Sakamoto, Reiho
name: Takagi, Taichiro
name: Yamada, Yasuhiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kerov-Kirillov-Reshetikhin (KKR) bijection is the crux in proving fermionic formulas. It is defined by a combinatorial algorithm on rigged configurations and highest paths. We reformulate the KKR bijection as a vertex operator by purely using combinatorial R in crystal base theory. The result is viewed as a nested Bethe ansatz at q=0 as well as the direct and the inverse scattering (Gel'fand-Levitan) map in the associated soliton cellular automaton.
description: 28 pages
pH‐dependent protonation of surface carboxylate groups in PsbO enables local buffering and triggers structural changes
Creators: name: Gerland, Lisa
name: Friedrich, Daniel
name: Hopf, Linus
name: Donovan, Eavan J.
name: Wallmann, Arndt
name: Erdmann, Natalja
name: Diehl, Anne
name: Bommer, Martin
name: Buzar, Krzysztof
name: Ibrahim, Mohamed
name: Schmieder, Peter
name: Dobbek, Holger
name: Zouni, Athina
name: Bondar, Ana-Nicoleta
name: Dau, Holger
name: Oschkinat, Hartmut
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: NMR spectroscopy
subject: pH titration
subject: photosystem II
subject: pKa values
subject: protonation
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes the splitting of water, releasing protons and dioxygen. Its highly conserved subunit PsbO extends from the oxygen‐evolving center (OEC) into the thylakoid lumen and stabilizes the catalytic Mn4CaO5 cluster. The high degree of conservation of accessible negatively charged surface residues in PsbO suggests additional functions, as local pH buffer or by affecting the flow of protons. For this discussion, we provide an experimental basis, through the determination of pKa values of water‐accessible aspartate and glutamate side‐chain carboxylate groups by means of NMR. Their distribution is strikingly uneven, with high pKa values around 4.9 clustered on the luminal PsbO side and values below 3.5 on the side facing PSII. pH‐dependent changes in backbone chemical shifts in the area of the lumen‐exposed loops are observed, indicating conformational changes. In conclusion, we present a site‐specific analysis of carboxylate group proton affinities in PsbO, providing a basis for further understanding of proton transport in photosynthesis.
An Economic Analysis of Product Differentiation under Latent Separability
Creators: name: Dhar, Tirtha Pratim
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
name: Cotterill, Ronald W.
name: Dhar, Tirtha Pratim
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
name: Cotterill, Ronald W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: This paper develops an analysis of markets for differentiated products. It relies on the concept of latent separability for consumer preferences. As proposed by Blundell and Robin, latent separability assumes that purchased products are allocated in the production of latent intermediate utility-yielding goods. Product differentiation can arise when each product makes a different contribution to the production of the latent goods. Latent separability is particularly attractive in the investigation of markets for branded products where the number of brands is large. It allows focusing on the demand for a smaller number of latent goods. Our approach is based on a quadratic almost ideal demand system (Q-AIDS), which provides a flexible representation of consumer behavior. Its usefulness is illustrated in an empirical analysis of markets for carbonated soft drinks (CSD). First, the econometric analysis accounts for the endogeneity of prices for differentiated brands. Second, it provides an empirical evaluation of the number of relevant latent goods. Third, it shows how latent separability improves the efficiency of parameter estimates. Finally, it generates estimates of shadow prices of the latent goods, information that gives useful insights into the economics of differentiated products.