cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Neoclassical Realism and the US Foreign Policy in the Middle East
Creators: name: Sánchez, Fabio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 160607 International Relations
subject: FOS: Political science

description: In this piece paper we analyze, under the Neoclassical Realism guidelines, systemic and domestic factors that influences some milestones of the American Foreign Policy to the Middle East, since 18th century until the end of the Cold War. In the first section, we study the earlies interactions during the 18th century. Then, we look at the first half of the 20th century, until the end of the Cold War, a factor that promotes strong changes in the American political elite thinking to the region. Later we focus in the Saddam Hussein’s reaction that produces the Gulf War in 1990. Finally, some conclusions.
Physical activity, screen time and dietary behaviours in New Zealand adolescents prior to and following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Mandic, Sandra
name: Khan, Asaduzzaman
name: Garcia Bengoechea, Enrique
name: J.Coppell, Kirsten
name: C.Spence, John
name: Smith, Melody
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Background Insufcient physical activity, high screen time, and unhealthy dietary patterns among adolescents may have worsened during the pandemic, but data are lacking. This study compared physical activity, screen time and fruit and vegetable intake in adolescents from Dunedin, New Zealand, 5–6 years before (Study 1) and during (Study 2) the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Adolescents completed an online survey as part of the Built Environment and Active Transport to School (BEATS) studies in 2014/2015 (Study 1; n=1,266; age: 15.3±1.4 years; 54.6% female) and 2021/2022 (Study 2; n=819; age: 15.2±1.4 years; 47.4% female). The proportion of adolescents meeting guidelines for physical activity (≥60 min/ day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity), outside school screen time (≤2 h/day) and fruit and vegetable intake (>1 serving/day for both fruit and vegetables) was calculated. Data were analysed using multivariable linear and logistic regression modelling. Results Few adolescents met recommended health behaviour guidelines. Compared to Study 1, significantly greater proportions of adolescents at Study 2 met guidelines for physical activity (16.7% vs. 23.1%; p<0.001) and out-side school screen time (13.3% vs. 18.3%; p<0.001) while fruit and vegetable intake was not different (29.6% vs. 27.0%; p=0.322). Compared to Study 1, average outside school screen time at Study 2 was lower on both weekdays (5.0±2.9 vs. 4.6±2.9; p<0.001) and weekend days (6.9±3.5 vs. 6.1±3.6 h/day; p<0.001). Reported frequency of consuming sweets was higher and soft drinks lower at Study 2 versus Study 1. Conclusions Despite observed higher levels of physical activity and lower levels of outside school screen time during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic levels, few adolescents met health behaviour guidelines at both time points. Therefore, comprehensive health promotion that aims to improve physical activity levels, screen time and dietary patterns for adolescents is still necessary to prevent chronic health conditions adulthood
Density of States in Superconductor - Normal Metal - Superconductor Junctions
Creators: name: Zhou, F.
name: Charlat, P.
name: Spivak, B.
name: Pannetier, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the chi_0 dependence of the density of states inside the normal metal of a superconductor - normal metal - superconductor (SNS) junction.Here chi_0 is the phase difference of two superconductors of the junction. It is shown that in the absence of electron-electron interaction the energy dependence of the density of states has a gap which decreases as chi_0 increases and closes at chi_0= pi. Both the analytical expressions for the chi_0 dependence of the density of states and the results of numerical simulations are presented.
description: 7 pages with 4 included epsf figures, published version with small changes
Odd-even effect of the number of free valence electrons on the electronic structure properties of gold-thiolate clusters
Creators: name: Li, Yanle
name: Liu, Chunyan
name: Oliveira, Vytor
name: Cremer, Dieter
name: Chen, Zijia
name: Ma, Jing
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Medicine
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Hematology
Virology

description: It is essential to understand the intrinsic stability of the gold-thiolate clusters, which present extensive potential applications in many fields such as the catalysis, biomedicines and molecular machines. The electronic structures and aromaticity indexes of a series of Aum(SH)n (m, n = 5–12) were comprehensively investigated through energetic, vibrational, magnetic, and electronic density properties, which are highly sensitive to the size and topological structure of the cluster. Generally, computational results of energy gap between the frontier molecular orbitals, normalized atomization energy (NAE), and electron localization function (ELF)-σ values exhibit the odd-even effect, in which clusters with the even number of free valence electrons, being reflected by the value of (m–n), possess relatively higher stability than the odd one. However, it is difficult to describe the stability of cluster with the sophisticated three-dimensional structure through one single aromaticity index such as the nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) value. Principal component analysis and clustering analysis of the calculation results of Aum(SR)n clusters suggest that the value of (m–n) and the Au4 unit are important for predicting the stability of the Au clusters.
High frequency sound waves in vitreous silica
Creators: name: Dell'Anna, R.
name: Ruocco, G.
name: Sampoli, M.
name: Viliani, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a molecular dynamics simulation study of the sound waves in vitreous silica in the mesoscopic exchanged momentum range. The calculated dynamical structure factors are in quantitative agreement with recent experimental inelastic neutron and x-ray scattering data. The analysis of the longitudinal and transverse current spectra allows to discriminate between opposite interpretations of the existing experimental data in favour of the propagating nature of the high frequency sound waves.
description: 4 pages, Revtex, 4 ps figures; to be published in Phys. Rev. Lett., February 1988
Gapped gravitinos, isospin $\frac{\mathbf{1}}{2}$ particles and $\mathcal{N}=2$ partial breaking
Creators: name: Saidi, E. H
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using results on topological band theory of phases of matter and discrete symmetries, we study topological properties of band structure of physical systems involving spin $\frac{1}{2}$ and $\frac{3}{2}$ fermions. We apply this approach to study partial breaking in 4D $\mathcal{N}=2$ gauged supergravity in rigid limit and we describe the fermionic gapless mode in terms of chiral anomaly. We study as well the homologue of the usual spin-orbit coupling $\vec{L}.\vec{S}$, that opens the vanishing band gap for free $s=\frac{1}{2}$ fermions; and show that is precisely given by the central extension of the $\mathcal{N}=2$ supercurrent algebra in 4D spacetime. We also give comments on the rigid limit of Andrianopoli et al obtained in [28] and propose an interpretation of energy bands in terms of a chiral gapless isospin $\frac{1}{2}$-particle (iso-particle). Other features, such as discrete T- symmetry in FI coupling space, effect of quantum fluctuations and the link with Nielson-Ninomiya theorem, are also studied.
description: LaTeX, 27 pages, 3 figures
Quantum measurement as driven phase transition: An exactly solvable model
Creators: name: Allahverdyan, Armen E.
name: Balian, Roger
name: Nieuwenhuizen, Theo M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model of quantum measurement is proposed, which aims to describe statistical mechanical aspects of this phenomenon, starting from a purely Hamiltonian formulation. The macroscopic measurement apparatus is modeled as an ideal Bose gas, the order parameter of which, that is, the amplitude of the condensate, is the pointer variable. It is shown that properties of irreversibility and ergodicity breaking, which are inherent in the model apparatus, ensure the appearance of definite results of the measurement, and provide a dynamical realization of wave-function reduction or collapse. The measurement process takes place in two steps: First, the reduction of the state of the tested system occurs over a time of order $\hbar/(TN^{1/4})$, where $T$ is the temperature of the apparatus, and $N$ is the number of its degrees of freedom. This decoherence process is governed by the apparatus-system interaction. During the second step classical correlations are established between the apparatus and the tested system over the much longer time-scale of equilibration of the apparatus. The influence of the parameters of the model on non-ideality of the measurement is discussed. Schrödinger kittens, EPR setups and information transfer are analyzed.
description: 35 pages revtex
Supplementary document for Oxygenation Heterogeneity Facilitates Spatiotemporal Flow Pattern Visualization Inside Human Blood Vessels Using Photoacoustic Computed Tomography - 6932038.pdf
Creators: name: Kong, Siying
name: Zuo, Hongzhi
name: Wu, Chuhua
name: Liu, Mingyuan
name: Ma, Cheng
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Captions of the external videos, and Tables to record simulation data.
METHODS FOR ISOLATING NUCLEIC ACIDS
Creators: name: Dehqonboeva, D.D.
name: Menglieva, Sh.Yu.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are the most important biomolecules that play a key role in the transmission of hereditary information, protein biosynthesis and other biological processes. To carry out various studies such as sequencing, cloning and transfection, it is necessary to obtain pure nucleic acids. This article examined the literature data on the main methods for isolating nucleic acids, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of methods for isolating nucleic acids, and also considered the prospects for the development of new methods for isolating nucleic acids.
Quantum geometrodynamics of the Bianchi IX model in extended phase space
Creators: name: Savchenko, V. A.
name: Shestakova, T. P.
name: Vereshkov, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A way of constructing mathematically correct quantum geometrodynamics of a closed universe is presented. The resulting theory appears to be gauge-noninvariant and thus consistent with the observation conditions of a closed universe, by that being considerably distinguished from the conventional Wheeler - DeWitt one. For the Bianchi-IX cosmological model it is shown that a normalizable wave function of the Universe depends on time, allows the standard probability interpretation and satisfies a gauge-noninvariant dynamical Schrodinger equation. The Wheeler - DeWitt quantum geometrodynamics is represented by a singular, BRST-invariant solution to the Schrodinger equation having no property of normalizability.
description: LaTeX, 18 pages, to be published in Int. J. Mod. Phys. A
Magnetization Process of One-Dimensional Quantum Antiferromagnet: The Product Wavefunction Renormalization Group Approach
Creators: name: Hieida, Yasuhiro
name: Okunishi, Kouichi
name: Akutsu, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The product-wavefunction renormalization group method, which is a novel numerical renormalization group scheme proposed recently,is applied to one-dimensional quantum spin chains in a magnetic field. We draw the zero-temperature magnetization curve of the spin chains, which excellently agrees with the exact solution in the whole range of the field.
description: 14 pages, LaTeX, 5 non-embedded figures, to be published in Physics Letters A
Unterrichtsdimensionen und -merkmale als Orientierungspunkte eines wirksamen Sportunterrichts?
Creators: name: Herrmann, Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Sportunterricht
Schulsport
Fachdidaktik
Schulpädagogik
Bildungsforschung
Unterrichtsforschung
schülerorientiertes Unterrichtsklima
Klassenführung
Lehrprofession
Professionalisierung

description: Dieser Sammelbandbeitrag in Wirksamer Sportunterricht ist als Interview konzipiert und kreist thematisch um Qualitätsmerkmale für den Sportunterricht. → den Sammelband gibt es derzeit nur als Printversion (Link zum Rechercheportal)
description: +repphzhbib2021A
title: Μηχανές διανυσματικής υποστήριξης (SVMs) και εφαρμογές σε πραγματικά σεισμολογικά δεδομένα
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Papadaki, Marilena P.
Publisher: name: National Technological University of Athens
Year: 2012
Subjects: Μηχανές διανυσματικής υποστήριξης
Σεισμολογικά δεδομένα
SVMs
Support vectors
Clementine
AUC

description: 120 σ.
description: Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο--Μεταπτυχιακή Εργασία. Διεπιστημονικό-Διατμηματικό Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών (Δ.Π.Μ.Σ.) "Μαθηματική Προτυποποίηση στις Σύγχρονες Τεχνολογίες και την Οικονομία"
description: Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι να παρουσιάσει βασικέ έννοιες των SVMs, καθώς και πρόσφατες εφαρμογές και επεκτάσεις τους.Η SVMs τεχνική χρησιμοποιείται ευρέως και έχει απόδοση είτε παρόμοια είτε καλύτερη από εκείνη των ανταγωνιστικών μεθόδων. Εφαρμόσαμε το λογισμικό Clementine σε πραγματικά σεισμολογικά δεδομένα κατόπιν ερμηνεύσαμε και συγκρίναμε τα αποτελέσματα.
description: The purpose of this paper is to present basic concepts of SVMs, their recent applications and some extensions of them. The SVM technique is widely used and has performance either similar or significantly better than the competing methods. finally we applied at the Clemenetine software seismic data and we proceed with theimplementation and interpretation of the results.
Realismo Neoclásico y la política exterior de Estados Unidos en Oriente Medio
Creators: name: Sánchez, Fabio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 160607 International Relations
subject: FOS: Political science

description: In this piece paper we analyze, under the Neoclassical Realism guidelines, systemic and domestic factors that influences some milestones of the American Foreign Policy to the Middle East, since 18th century until the end of the Cold War. In the first section, we study the earlies interactions during the 18th century. Then, we look at the first half of the 20th century, until the end of the Cold War, a factor that promotes strong changes in the American political elite thinking to the region. Later we focus in the Saddam Hussein’s reaction that produces the Gulf War in 1990. Finally, some conclusions.
Correlated emission of X-ray and sound from water film irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses
Creators: name: Huang, Hsin-hui
name: Juodkazis, Saulius
name: Hatanaka, Koji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simultaneous measurements of hard X-ray by a Geiger counter and audible sound (10 Hz-20kHz) by a microphone from a thin water film in air were carried out under intense single and double pulse irradiations of femtosecond laser (35 fs, 800 nm, 1 kHz). Emission profiles of X-ray and sound under the single pulse irradiation by changing the water film position along the laser incident direction (Z-axis) show the same peak positions with a broader emission in sound (403μm at FWHM) than in X-ray (37μm). Under the double pulse irradiation condition with the time delay at 0 ps and 4.6 ns, it was clearly observed that the acoustic signal intensity is enhanced in associated with X-ray intensity enhancements. The enhancements can be assigned to laser ablation dynamics such as pre-plasma formation and transient surface roughness formation induced by the pre-pulse irradiation. For the acoustic signal under the double-pulse irradiation with the time delay, there was a weak dependence observed on the pre-pulse irradiation position at the laser focus. It is consistent with a long breakdown filament formation which makes the microphone-detection less position-sensitive.
Tozer et al., (2019) SRTM15+ GMT Grids
Creators: name: Tozer, Brook
name: Sandwell, David T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: A zip file containing the datasets described in Section 5 of Tozer et al., (2019) in NetCDF GMT (.nc) grid file format.
Contains the following grids:
1. SRTM15+V2.nc : 2.7 gb; 32-bit int; 15 arc sec global bathymetry & topography; +/- 90 deg
2. SID_GRID_SRTM15+V2.0.nc : 287 mb ; 32-bit int ; 15 arc sec SID grid; +/- 90 deg
3. SRTM15_V2-V1_difference.nc ; 3.0 gb ; 32-bit int ; 15 arc sec elevation change V2-V1; +/- 90 deg
4. Marine_FA_gravity_27-1.nc ; 422 mb ; 32-bit float ; 1 arc min marine free-air gravity anomalies; +/- 80 deg
5. Marine_VGG_V27-1.nc 452 mb ; 32-bit float ; 1 arc min marine vertical gravity gradients; +/- 80 deg
6. GRAV-TOPO_CORR_COEFF_V27-1.nc ; 32-bit float ; 2 arc min (sampling) gravity:topography correlation coefficient; +/- 80 deg
7. 1MIN_TOPO_V19.nc ; 32-bit int; 1 arc min bathymetry & topography; +/- 80 deg
Making use of geometrical invariants in black hole collisions
Creators: name: Baker, J.
name: Campanelli, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider curvature invariants in the context of black hole collision simulations. In particular, we propose a simple and elegant combination of the Weyl invariants I and J, the {\sl speciality index} ${\cal S}$. In the context of black hole perturbations $\cal S$ provides a measure of the size of the distortions from an ideal Kerr black hole spacetime. Explicit calculations in well-known examples of axisymmetric black hole collisions demonstrate that this quantity may serve as a useful tool for predicting in which cases perturbative dynamics provide an accurate estimate of the radiation waveform and energy. This makes ${\cal S}$ particularly suited to studying the transition from nonlinear to linear dynamics and for invariant interpretation of numerical results.
description: 4 pages, 3 eps figures, Revtex
Matrix Factor Analysis: From Least Squares to Iterative Projection
Creators: name: He, Yong
name: Kong, Xinbing
name: Yu, Long
name: Zhang, Xinsheng
name: Zhao, Changwei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: In this article, we study large-dimensional matrix factor models and estimate the factor loading matrices and factor score matrix by minimizing square loss function. Interestingly, the resultant estimators coincide with the Projected Estimators (PE) in Yu et al. which was proposed from the perspective of simultaneous reduction of the dimensionality and the magnitudes of the idiosyncratic error matrix. In other word, we provide a least-square interpretation of the PE for the matrix factor model, which parallels to the least-square interpretation of the PCA for the vector factor model. We derive the convergence rates of the theoretical minimizers under sub-Gaussian tails. Considering the robustness to the heavy tails of the idiosyncratic errors, we extend the least squares to minimizing the Huber loss function, which leads to a weighted iterative projection approach to compute and learn the parameters. We also derive the convergence rates of the theoretical minimizers of the Huber loss function under bounded fourth or even (2+ϵ) th moment of the idiosyncratic errors. We conduct extensive numerical studies to investigate the empirical performance of the proposed Huber estimators relative to the state-of-the-art ones. The Huber estimators perform robustly and much better than existing ones when the data are heavy-tailed, and as a result can be used as a safe replacement in practice. An application to a Fama-French financial portfolio dataset demonstrates the empirical advantage of the Huber estimator.
Long-lived transient structure in collisionless self-gravitating systems
Creators: name: Benhaiem, David
name: Labini, Francesco Sylos
name: Joyce, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of self-gravitating systems, and long-range interacting systems more generally, from initial configurations far from dynamical equilibrium is often described as a simple two phase process: a first phase of violent relaxation bringing it to a quasi-stationary state in a few dynamical times, followed by a slow adiabatic evolution driven by collisional processes. In this context the complex spatial structure evident, e.g., in spiral galaxies is understood either in terms of instabilities of quasi-stationary states, or a result of dissipative non-gravitational interactions. We illustrate here, using numerical simulations, that purely self-gravitating systems evolving from quite simple initial configurations can in fact give rise easily to structures of this kind of which the lifetime can be large compared to the dynamical characteristic time, but short compared to the collisional relaxation time scale. More specifically, for a broad range of non-spherical and non-uniform rotating initial conditions, gravitational relaxation gives rise quite generically to long-lived non-stationary structures of a rich variety, characterized by spiral-like arms, bars and even ring-like structures in special cases. These structures are a feature of the intrinsically out-of-equilibrium nature of the system's collapse, associated with a part of the system's mass while the bulk is well virialized. They are characterized by predominantly radial motions in their outermost parts, but also incorporate an extended flattened region which rotates coherently about a well virialized core of triaxial shape with an approximately isotropic velocity dispersion. We discuss the possible relevance of these simple toy models to the observed structure of real galaxies emphasizing the difference between dissipative and dissipationless disc formation.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures, Physical Review E in print (2019)
title: Room temperature electro-carboxylation of styrene and stilbene derivatives: a comparative study
Creators: name: Alhathlaul, Nada
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2023

description: Electrochemistry is a rapidly growing discipline within the physical sciences that encompasses a wide range of processes across various domains. Although electrochemistry has already found its place in applications, there exists significant potential for further advancement in other fields. In response to the growing demand for environmentally sustainable practices to supplant conventional, ecologically harmful methods, the electro-reduction of carbon dioxide emerges as a promising solution in numerous sectors.

In Chapter 1, there will be an introductory discussion regarding carbon dioxide and the importance of reducing carbon dioxide, then an analysis of some previous studies of electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction under different reaction conditions. Chapter 2 of the thesis will delve into a comprehensive discussion of the various techniques utilized, including electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry, and analytical techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS).

Chapter 3 presents results obtained relating to the reduction of various phenyl alkenes in the presence of carbon dioxide using a nickel mesh working electrode. Data on the cyclic voltammetry and reduction potentials of these alkenes will be shown, and the Faradic efficiency, product distributions and yields for each substrate will be discussed. The chapter also includes an analysis of products using NMR (both 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). Further product analysis using mass spectrometry (MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) techniques will be given.

Chapter 4 will examine the results of the reduction of phenyl alkene substrates in the presence of carbon dioxide using benzonitrile as a homogeneous catalyst. Subsequently, a comparative analysis will be conducted to evaluate the yield and Faradic efficiency achieved, comparing the results obtained using the nickel mesh and, in the presence, / absence of benzonitrile (BN) while maintaining identical reaction conditions. The objective is to identify any trends in reaction outcomes associated with nickel mesh electrodes. Last, Chapter 5 will summarize and discuss what is been done and suggest some ideas for future work.
Electrochemical kinetics of SEI growth on carbon black, I: Experiments
Creators: name: Attia, Peter M.
name: Das, Supratim
name: Harris, Stephen J.
name: Bazant, Martin Z.
name: Chueh, William C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Growth of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a primary driver of capacity fade in lithium-ion batteries. Despite its importance to this device and intense research interest, the fundamental mechanisms underpinning SEI growth remain unclear. In Part I of this work, we present an electroanalytical method to measure the dependence of SEI growth on potential, current magnitude, and current direction during galvanostatic cycling of carbon black/Li half cells. We find that SEI growth strongly depends on all three parameters; most notably, we find SEI growth rates increase with nominal C rate and are significantly higher on lithiation than on delithiation. We observe this directional effect in both galvanostatic and potentiostatic experiments and discuss hypotheses that could explain this observation. This work identifies a strong coupling between SEI growth and charge storage (e.g., intercalation and capacitance) in carbon negative electrodes.
description: 35 pages, 8 figures
Capillary effects in granular materials: a multi-scale modeling strategy
Creators: name: biot-bazant, figshare admin
name: Miot, Marie
name: Veylon, Guillaume
name: Wautier, Antoine
name: Philippe, Pierre
name: Nicot, Francois
Publisher: name: The Biot-Bazant Conference
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 91402 Geomechanics and Resources Geotechnical Engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: 80110 Simulation and Modelling
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This publication is part of the proceedings of the Biot-Bažant Conference on Engineering Mechanics and Physics of Porous Materials, which took place virtually on June 1-3, 2021. It contains a one-page abstract and the video of the talk that was given at the conference.
INVESTIGATION OF SINUSOIDAL PULSE WIDTH MODULATION (PWM) TECHNIQUES FOR HIGH-POWER GRID-TIED INVERTERS USED IN PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS
Creators: name: Boma-George, Esther Daisy
name: Edhere, Camille Oghogho
Publisher: name: ZAP journals
Year: 2024

description: Modern events have shown that the power sector is experiencing diversification as it has never seen before, and using photovoltaic panels is the latest trend in research due to green energy. Some research has been carried out practically and theoretically in the field of pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques for high-power grid-tied inverters used in photovoltaic systems, such as Asma Ben Rhouma (2022) “Sinusoidal pulse width modulation for conventional photovoltaic three-phase inverter”, and Mohammed Salem et al. (2022) “Sinusoidal pulse width modulation for multilevel inverters”. This paper investigates the capabilities of sinusoidal pulse width modulation techniques for grid-tied power inverters by performing a performance analysis of the system in terms of total harmonic distortion and output current. The MATLAB Simulink software and hardware parameters were used to implement the development and model. The installation of a low-pass filter circuit aids in the creation of cleaner sine waveforms with a 0.17 % total harmonic distortion value. The sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) approach reduces harmonic distortion by bringing the output voltage closer to that of a genuine sine wave and the reduction of harmonics. MATLAB Simulink software and hardware parameters were used to implement the development and model
Fundamental limits on the losses of phase and amplitude optical actuators
Creators: name: Zanotto, Simone
name: Morichetti, Francesco
name: Melloni, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Amplitude and phase are the basic properties of every wave phenomena; as long as optical waves are concerned, the ability to act on these variables is at the root of a wealth of switching devices. To quantify the performance of an optical switching device, an essential aspect is to determine the tradeoff between the insertion loss and the amplitude or phase modulation depth. Here it is shown that every switching optical device is subject to such a tradeoff, intrinsically connected to the dielectric response of the materials employed inside the switching element itself. This limit finds its roots in fundamental physics, as it directly derives from Maxwell's equations for linear dielectrics, and is hence applicable to a wide class of optical components. Furthermore it results that concepts as filtering, resonance and critical coupling could be of advantage in approaching the limit.
Phenomenological Extension for Tidal Charge Black Hole
Creators: name: Alexeyev, S. O.
name: Latosh, B. N.
name: Prokopov, V. A.
name: Emtsova, E. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple phenomenological extension of the black hole solution with tidal charge is proposed. Empirical data on the Sgr A* is consistent with the suggested metric which serves as a generalisation of the Reissner-Nordstrom one. Such a generalisation includes the leading effects beyond general relativity so, the discussed metric can explain wider range of gravitational effects. We discuss physical features of an object described by the proposed metric, namely, the size of its shadow and the innermost stable circular orbit radius.
description: submitted to JETP
Accurate 3D Cell Segmentation using Deep Feature and CRF Refinement
Creators: name: Jiang, Jiaxiang
name: Kao, Po-Yu
name: Belteton, Samuel A.
name: Szymanski, Daniel B.
name: Manjunath, B. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of accurately identifying cell boundaries and labeling individual cells in confocal microscopy images, specifically, 3D image stacks of cells with tagged cell membranes. Precise identification of cell boundaries, their shapes, and quantifying inter-cellular space leads to a better understanding of cell morphogenesis. Towards this, we outline a cell segmentation method that uses a deep neural network architecture to extract a confidence map of cell boundaries, followed by a 3D watershed algorithm and a final refinement using a conditional random field. In addition to improving the accuracy of segmentation compared to other state-of-the-art methods, the proposed approach also generalizes well to different datasets without the need to retrain the network for each dataset. Detailed experimental results are provided, and the source code is available on GitHub.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables
The Bioterrorist Attacks on America: A Historical Review
Creators: name: Ezepchuk, Yurii V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Bioterrorist
US citizens
anthrax spores
bacteriological weapons

description: This article discusses the events surrounding the 9/11 bioterrorist attacks upon US citizens in which anthrax spores were utilized. The arguments presented in this article substantiate the shortcomings regarding the search of “domestic” terrorists, indicating that agents from the Arab world were involved in the organized attacks of sending letters with anthrax spores. Since the attacks employed the use of the weaponized aerosol form of anthrax, there is evidence which demonstrates that the manufacturing of the spores was carried out in a country with capabilities of developing bacteriological weapons. Special interest representatives reported results of the investigation regarding the sources of biological weapons, explaining the participants of the operation were localized. Ultimately, this article presents legitimate arguments in which further investigation is warranted.
On some geometric features of the Kramer interior solution for a rotating perfect fluid
Creators: name: Chinea, F. J.
name: Pareja, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Geometric features (including convexity properties) of an exact interior gravitational field due to a self-gravitating axisymmetric body of perfect fluid in stationary, rigid rotation are studied. In spite of the seemingly non-Newtonian features of the bounding surface for some rotation rates, we show, by means of a detailed analysis of the three-dimensional spatial geodesics, that the standard Newtonian convexity properties do hold. A central role is played by a family of geodesics that are introduced here, and provide a generalization of the Newtonian straight lines parallel to the axis of rotation.
description: LaTeX, 15 pages with 4 Poscript figures. To be published in Classical and Quantum Gravity
First and second sound in a uniform Bose gas
Creators: name: Griffin, A.
name: Zaremba, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have recently derived two-fluid hydrodynamic equations for a trapped weakly-interacting Bose gas. In this paper, we use these equations to discuss first and second sound in a uniform Bose gas. These results are shown to agree with the predictions of the usual two-fluid equations of Landau when the thermodynamic functions are evaluated for a weakly-interacting gas. In a uniform gas, second sound mainly corresponds to an oscillation of the superfluid (the condensate) and is the low frequency continuation of the Goldstone-Bogoliubov symmetry-breaking mode.
description: 14 pages, 5 Postscript figures
Thermohydrodynamics for a van der Waals fluid
Creators: name: Español, Pep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following a cell-method due to van Kampen for the calculation of a coarse-grained free energy functional for the van der Waals gas, we compute a corresponding entropy functional from microscopic principles. This entropy functional is one of the building blocks of the recently developed GENERIC framework. This framework allows to obtain in a thermodynamically consistent way the continuum hydrodynamic equations for a fluid able to display liquid-vapor coexistence. Surface tension appears naturally and the resulting model describes interfaces as diffuse regions, much in the same spirit as the gradient theory for equilibrium situations. We suggest that using interfacial forces in the integral form obtained in the microscopic derivation instead of third order derivatives of the density field might represent an advantage from a computational point of view.
description: 19 pages
WilliamsPennings2019_Supplement118Patients
Creators: name: Pleuni Pennings
name: Kadie-Ann Williams
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60411 Population, Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The goal of this paper is to provide examples of evolutionary dynamics of HIV within patients who are treated with antiretrovirals. We hope that the figures in this paper will be used in evolution and population genetics classes. We show a wide variety of patterns, specifically: soft sweeps, hard sweeps, softening sweeps and hardening sweeps, simultaneous sweeps, accumulation of mutations and clonal interference. Figures for 118 patients.
Traversal with Enumeration of Geometric Graphs in Bounded Space
Creators: name: Khakabimamaghani, Sahand
name: Masjoody, Masood
name: Stacho, Ladislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C85

description: In this paper, we provide an algorithm for traversing geometric graphs which visits all vertices, and reports every vertex and edge exactly once. To achieve this, we combine a given geometric graph $G$ with the integer lattice, seen as a graph, in such a way that the resulting hypothetical graph can be traversed using the algorithm in \cite{Chavez}. To overcome the problem with hypothetical vertices and edges, we develop an algorithm for visiting any $k$th neighborhood of a vertex in a graph straight-line drawn in the plane using $O(\log k)$ memory. The memory needed to complete the traversal of a geometric graph then turns out to depend on the maximum ratio of the graph distance and Euclidean distance for pairs of distinct vertices of $G$ at Euclidean distance greater than one and less than $2\sqrt{2}$.
Εκτίμηση της ατμοσφαιρικής ρύπανσης στην Αττική με τη χρήση Γ.Σ.Π.
Creators: name: Douzinas, Evangelos-Spyridon Ε.
Publisher: name: National Technological University of Athens
Year: 2010
Subjects: Γεωγραφικά Συστήματα Πληροφοριών (Γ.Σ.Π.)
Ατμόσφαιρα
Ρύπανση
Αττική
Χάρτες
Pollution
Geographic Information System (G.I.S.)
Attica
Atmosphere
Maps

description: 162 σ.
description: Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο--Μεταπτυχιακή Εργασία. Διεπιστημονικό-Διατμηματικό Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών (Δ.Π.Μ.Σ.) "Περιβάλλον και Ανάπτυξη"
description: Η χρήση Γεωγραφικών Συστημάτων Πληροφοριών είναι ένα πολύτιμο εργαλείο που στη συγκεκριμένη εργασία μας βοηθά να εκτιμήσουμε την ατμοσφαιρική ρύπανση της Αττικής και να προχωρήσουμε σε δημιουργία χαρτών για πιο εμφανή και ευδιάκριτα αποτελέσματα.
description: The use of Geographic Information System is a useful tool which in the specific project helps us estimate the earth's atmosphere pollution in Attica. More over with this tool we can create maps where our results will be illustrated and thus more clear and discernible.
Tozer et al., (2019) SRTM15+ GMT Grids
Creators: name: Tozer, Brook
name: Sandwell, David T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: A zip file containing the datasets described in Section 5 Tozer et al., (2019) in NetCDF GMT (.nc) grid file format.
Nucleation and hysteresis in Ising model: Classical theory versus computer simulation
Creators: name: Acharyya, Muktish
name: Stauffer, Dietrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the nucleation in the nearest neighbour ferromagnetic Ising model, in different (d) dimensions, by extensive Monte Carlo simulation using the heat-bath dynamics. The nucleation time (tau) has been studied as a function of the magnetic field (h) for various system sizes in different dimensions (d=2,3,4). The logarithm of the nucleation time is found to be proportional to the power (-(d-1)) of the magnetic field (h) in d dimensions. The size dependent crossover from coalescence to nucleation regime is observed in all dimensions. The distribution of metastable lifetimes are studied in both regions. The numerical results are compared and found to be consistent with the classical theoretical predictions. In two dimensions, we have also studied the dynamical response to a sinusoidally oscillating magnetic field. The reversal time is studied as a function of the inverse of the coercive field. The applicability of the classical nucleation theory to study the hysteresis and coercivity has been discussed.
description: 6 pages Latex and 5 Postscript figures; To appear in European Physical Journal B
General cross-coupling reactions with adaptive dynamic homogeneous catalysis
Creators: name: Ghosh, Indrajit
name: Shlapakov, Nikita S.
name: Karl, Tobias A.
name: Düker, Jonas
name: Nikitin, Maksim
name: Burykina, Julia V.
name: Ananikov, Valentine P.
name: König, Burkhard
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cross-coupling reactions; AD-HoC; photocatalysis; method development
subject: 540 Chemie

description: Cross-coupling reactions are among the most important transformations in modern organic synthesis1,2,3. Although the range of reported (het)aryl halides and nucleophile coupling partners is very large considering various protocols, the reaction conditions vary considerably between compound classes, necessitating renewed case-by-case optimization of the reaction conditions4. Here we introduce adaptive dynamic homogeneous catalysis (AD-HoC) with nickel under visible-light-driven redox reaction conditions for general C(sp2)–(hetero)atom coupling reactions. The self-adjustive nature of the catalytic system allowed the simple classification of dozens of various classes of nucleophiles in cross-coupling reactions. This is synthetically demonstrated in nine different bond-forming reactions (in this case, C(sp2)–S, Se, N, P, B, O, C(sp3, sp2, sp), Si, Cl) with hundreds of synthetic examples under predictable reaction conditions. The catalytic reaction centre(s) and conditions differ from one another by the added nucleophile, or if required, a commercially available inexpensive amine base.
Domain Wall Motion and Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interactions in Pt/Co/Ir$(t_\mathrm{Ir})$/Ta Multilayers
Creators: name: Shahbazi, Kowsar
name: Kim, Joo-Von
name: Nembach, Hans T.
name: Shaw, Justin M.
name: Bischof, Andreas
name: Rossell, Marta D.
name: Jeudy, Vincent
name: Moore, Thomas A.
name: Marrows, Christopher H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) is important for chiral domain walls (DWs) and for stabilizing magnetic skyrmions. We study the effects of introducing increasing thicknesses of Ir, from zero to 2 nm, into a Pt/Co/Ta multilayer between the Co and Ta. We observe a marked increase in magnetic moment, due to the suppression of the dead layer at the interface with Ta, but the perpendicular anisotropy is hardly affected. All samples show a universal scaling of the field-driven domain wall velocity across the creep and depinning regimes. Asymmetric bubble expansion shows that DWs in all of the samples have the left-handed Néel form. The value of in-plane field at which the creep velocity shows a minimum drops markedly on the introduction of Ir, as does the frequency shift of the Stokes and anti-Stokes peaks in Brillouin light scattering measurements. Despite this qualitative similarity, there are quantitative differences in the DMI strength given by the two measurements, with BLS often returning higher values. Many features in bubble expansion velocity curves do not fit simple models commonly used to date, namely a lack of symmetry about the velocity minimum and no difference in velocities at high in-plane field. These features are explained by the use of a model in which the depinning field is allowed to vary with in-plane field in a way determined from micromagnetic simulations. This theory shows that velocity minimum underestimates the DMI field, consistent with BLS returning higher values. Our results suggest that the DMI at an Ir/Co interface has the same sign as the DMI at a Pt/Co interface.
Tofacitinib real-world experience in ulcerative colitis in Finland (FinTofUC): a retrospective non-interventional multicenter patient chart data study
Creators: name: Molander, Pauliina
name: Kosunen, Mikko
name: Eronen, Heli
name: Tillonen, Jyrki
name: Käräjämäki, Aki
name: Heikkinen, Markku
name: Punkkinen, Jari
name: Mattila, Riikka
name: Toppila, Iiro
name: Hölsä, Olivia
name: Kalpala, Kirsi
name: Henrohn, Dan
name: Björkesten, Clas-Göran af
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: The aim was to define the effectiveness of tofacitinib and to characterize the patient population receiving tofacitinib in a real-world cohort clinical setting for ulcerative colitis (UC) in Finland. This is a retrospective non-interventional multicenter patient chart data study conducted in 23 Finnish Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) centers. Baseline demographic and clinical data, clinical remission, steroid-free remission rate and time to tofacitinib discontinuation, colectomy or UC-related hospitalization were studied. The study included 252 UC patients of which 69% were male. Most patients had extensive disease (71%) and were bio-experienced (81%). Tofacitinib demonstrated positive treatment outcomes with clinical response, clinical remission, and steroid-free clinical remission at one year in 33%, 34% and 31% of patients, respectively. Moreover, 64% of patients in pMayo remission at week 16 from the start of tofacitinib were still in remission at one year. Only no or mild disease activity compared to moderate activity at baseline was associated with a higher probability of achieving remission according to pMayo at six months, p = .008. Hospitalizations and/or colectomies during the study period (before treatment discontinuation/end of follow-up) were low (n = 24), with less than 5 colectomies. In this real-world cohort, including a majority of bio-experienced UC patients, tofacitinib was effective in achieving steroid-free clinical remission in a third of the population at one year. A majority of patients in remission at week 16 were also in remission at one year. Results are in line with earlier published real-world studies. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05082428.