Macronotops ovaliceps Arrow 1941
Creators: name: Qiu, Jian-Yue
name: Xu, Hao
name: Chen, Li
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Macronotops
Macronotops ovaliceps

description: Macronotops ovaliceps (Arrow, 1941)
(Figs. 22–23, 46–47, 70–71, 104–110, 122, 134, 191–202, 225–226, 243–246, 258, 286–294, 312)
Macronota ovaliceps Arrow, 1941: 83 (type locality: Sima, Burma [=Xima, Yingjiang County, Yunnan, China])*; Bacchus 1974: 33.
Pleuronota ovaliceps (Arrow): Mikšić 1976: 167, fig. 22c parameres of holotype.
Macronotops ovaliceps (Arrow): Krikken 1977: 208; Krajčík 1998: 90; Krajčík 2012: 151.
Type material. Holotype (by monotypy, ♂, BMNH, Figs. 243–226): Sima, Burma, 16.8.18, P. M. R. Leonard [pale yellow label] // Type [pale yellow label with red border] // Macronota ovaliceps arrow, type [pale yellow label] // Bombay N. H. Soc., 1914-411 [pale label] // Macronota ovaliceps Arrow, M. E. Bacchus det 1973, HOLOTYPE [white label].
Additional material examined (45♂♂, 39♀♀). CHINA: Yunnan: 2♀♀ (MYCC), 11.VIII.2018, River Menglai, Xima, Yingjiang, Mao Ye; 1♀ (MYCC), 2♀ (QCCC), 13.VIII.2018, River Keduka, Kachang, Yingjiang, Mao YE & Zi-Chun XIONG; 1♂, 3♀♀ (QCCC), Pianma, Lushui County, 2,020 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 20.II.2015, adult emerged IV.2015; 8♂♂, 6♀♀ (QCCC), Pianma, Lushui County, 1,840– 2,150 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 11.II.2016, adult emerged IV.2016; 3♂♂, 1♀ (QCCC), Mount Baihualing Nature Reserve, Baoshan, 2,100 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 22– 23.II.2015, adult emerged IV.2015; 18♂♂, 15♀♀ (QCCC), Mount Baihualing Nature Reserve, Baoshan, 2,100 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 13.II.2016, adult emerged IV.2016; 5♂♂, 5♀♀ (QCCC), Zizhi, Mingguang, Tengchong, 2,200–2,400 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 14.II.2016, adult emerged IV.2016.; 5♂♂, 1♀ (QCCC), Mount Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve, Pumanshao to Dahaoping, Tengchong, 2,300 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU, 3 nd instar larvae in rotten wood 14.II.2018, adult emerged V.2018; 2♂♂, 1♀ (QCCC), 7.VIII.2016, Xiongdang, Dulongjiang, Gongshan County, 1,900 m, Chao-Ming CHEN; 1♂ (BMDU), VI.2011, Qiaohou, Eryuan County, Dali, 2,400 m, Ji-Shan XU. MYANMAR: 1♂ (KSCJ), 18.VII.2010?Panwa [Pang War], Kachin, Azuma Abe; 1♀ (KSCJ), VI–VIII.2004, Chudu Razi, Mt. Range, E. Kachin; 1♀ (KSCJ), VIII.2005, Chudu Razi, Mt. Range, E. Kachin; 1♂ (KSCJ), VII.2001, near Putao, N. Kachin.
Redescription (male). General: Body length 14.5–15.5 mm; width 6.0–7.0 mm, widest at humeral umbone, gradually narrowed backward. Body reddish-brown to dark brown. Surface with fulvous, brown, light yellow and black setae, and yellow tomentous maculae. Head: Brown. Dorsal surface with sparse, fulvous setae; setae long on frons. Clypeus narrow; anterior margin arcuated, slightly raised; clypeolateral ridge indistinct. Frons with a slightly raised longitudinal ridge (Fig. 22). Maxillary palpus and labial palpus brown. Antenna brown to dark brown; antennal club very long, about twice length of antennomeres 2–7 combined; inner side of antennomere 8 with short, dense, fulvous setae (Fig. 22). Ventral surface clad with long, fulvous setae (Fig. 192). Pronotum: Brown. Widest at base, basomedian area depressed. Lateral margin curved; posterior margin distinctly protruded. Disc with two pronotal ridges and a narrow, longitudinal ridge medially (Figs. 193–196); surface densely clad with fulvous and black setae; medial ridge glabrous (Figs. 193–196). Scutellum: Reddish-brown to brown, with sparse, fulvous setae. Elytron: Reddish-brown to brown; usually with large lateral macula, but distal macula, posthumeral macula, and median macula small or absent (Figs. 191, 193–196). Surface densely clad with setae; setae long between sutural and discolateral costae; setae light yellow on maculae; setae dark brown to black on lateral declivity; setae fulvous on the rest of elytron; humeral umbone glabrous. Mesepimeron: Dark brown to black, with light yellow and/or fulvous setae, partly clad with yellow tomenta. Metepisternum and metepimeron: Dark brown to black, with light yellow and fulvous setae. Metepisternum sometimes with few yellow tomenta on anterior portion. Sternum: Preprosternum reddish-brown, almost glabrous. Mesosternum reddish-brown to dark brown, with long, yellow setae. Mesometasternal process short, glabrous, brown, apex rounded; mesometasternal suture depressed, with long, fulvous setae. Metasternum black, with dense, fulvous setae; middle portion glabrous (Fig. 192). Pygidium: Dark brown to black. Surface clad with dense, fulvous and brown setae; brown setae on sides (Figs. 104–105). Abdomen: Dark brown to black. Median portion slightly depressed. Six abdominal sternites visible; sternites clad with fulvous setae; setae on sternite II dense, long; setae on sternites III–V sparse and short in median, but dense and long on sides; sternites III–V glabrous near anterior margin of each sternite; setae near posterior margin of sternite VI long, dense; sternite VII almost glabrous; sternites II–V densely clad with black and fulvous setae in dorsal and lateral portion (Fig. 192). Legs: Slender, simple. Metacoxa black, with fulvous long setae. Femora and tibia dark brown, with fulvous setae. Protibia with 3 teeth; the proximal tooth small and indistinct; without tiny tooth (Fig. 46). Mesotibia with a small spine near the middle of outer margin; the spine in middle of metatibia indistinct or absent; metatibia with a row of long, brush-like, sparse, fulvous setae along inner margin (Figs. 191–192); dorsal tooth of metatibia distinctly longer than basitarsus of metatarsus, outer tooth absent (Fig. 70). Tarsi dark brown; each segment of metatarsus with sparse, long setae (Fig. 70). Genitalia: Parameres broad, short; apex rounded. Interparameral split narrow, gradually constricted to apex; base with little membrane, protruding medially. Median lobe flagelliform, gradually narrowed to apex; distinctly longer than paramere (Fig. 122).
Female. Body length 14.5–16.5 mm, width 6.0–7.5 mm. Except for sexual dimorphism characteristics of the genus, all four yellow maculae on elytron usually present (Figs. 201–202), dorsal tooth of metatibia larger, setae on mesotibia and metatibia sparser (Fig. 71).
Variability. The number of maculae on elytra and the color of setae are variable. All tomentous maculae on body surface could be absent and the variation of setae color are shown in Figs. 191–196. The pygidium of few specimens with a small yellow macula (Figs. 109–110).
Differential diagnosis. Length of clypeus greater than width. Antenna brown to dark brown; male antennal club very long (Fig. 22). Disc of pronotum with a glabrous, narrow, longitudinal ridge medially (Figs. 193–196, 199–202). Pygidium and abdomen usually without maculae (Figs. 104–108, 192, 198). Anterior margin of abdominal sternites III–V glabrous (Figs. 192, 198). Dorsal tooth of male metatibia distinctly longer than basitarsus of metatarsus (Fig. 70).
This species is similar to Macronotops curvimarginatus, and the differences are provided in the differential diagnosis of that species.
Distribution. China: Yunnan; Myanmar.
Natural history. Approximately 80 larvae were captured from the forested valleys where located at the south part of the Gaoligongshan mountain range. Larvae inhabit the galleries of some xylophagous insects or under bark (Figs. 286–294). By an excavation of a decaying log nearby river in the west side of Mount Gaoligongshan, remain of a female adult of this species was exposed under the bark, and few mature larvae were found in near place. It is likely that the female entered and laid eggs in the log.
Remarks. The holotype was collected in 1916 or 1918 by Mr. P. M. R. Leonard, an officer of the Frontier Service of Britain Burma in the 1910s (Ward 1921; Rao 1928). The exact location of the type locality “Sima, Burma ” was not given in the original publication. Actually, Burmese Sima is the present Chinese town “Xima” (E 97°42', N 24°45', Fig. 258) in Yingjiang County of Yunnan, and its sovereignty has been altered several times in history. Sima was pointed to be located in northeastern Burma, near the boundary of Yunnan, China (Allen 1929). Moreover, the precise site of Sima was clearly indicated in the treaties for demarcation of the border between Myanmar (Britain Burma) and China (Great Qing) (Anonymous 1894, 1897): it is located at the Myanmar-China border and near the source of the river Molé.
Due to no any specimens were reported since Macronotops ovaliceps was described in 1941 and the type locality “Sima” has never been verified, this species was only known from Myanmar. After the location of “Sima” was solved, we went there for searching larvae in winter, but only larvae of M. miksici new species were found. However, two females of M. ovaliceps were collected from the type locality by our friend, perhaps these two species inhabit the areas at different elevations. Larvae of M. ovaliceps were frequently found in the south part of the Gaoligongshan mountain range in western Yunnan, China, and three adults were collected from the valley of the river Dolongjiang where located in the north part of the same mountain range (Fig. 258). Besides, a male was caught from the mountainous area near Dali where is outside from the main region of occurrence of this species. It is suggested that this species is widely distributed in western Yunnan, China.
description: Published as part of Qiu, Jian-Yue, Xu, Hao & Chen, Li, 2019, A revision of the rare flower beetle genus Macronotops Krikken (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from Asia with biological notes, pp. 1-65 in Zootaxa 4556 (1) on pages 47-48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4556.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2585204