cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cynometra marginata Benth.
Creators: name: Molino, Jean-François
name: Sabatier, Daniel
name: Grenand, Pierre
name: Engel, Julien
name: Frame, Dawn
name: Delprete, Piero G.
name: Fleury, Marie
name: Odonne, Guillaume
name: Davy, Damien
name: Lucas, Eve J.
name: Martin, Claire A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Fabales
Fabaceae
Cynometra
Cynometra marginata

description: [775] Cynometra marginata Benth.
 J. Bot. [Hooker] 2: 100 (Bentham 1840).
 Cynometra marginata var. guianensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45 (4): 329 [6 Jan. 1959] (Dwyer 1959).
 Cynometra marginata var. laevis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45 (4): 329 [6 Jan. 1959] (Dwyer 1959).
VERNACULAR NAMES. — Wn: pokololomïlï • Nt: man tsaka.
 HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 6 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: J.-J. de Granville 4866.
 SIZE. — Up to 21 m tall (Silva et al. 1998).
description: Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 511, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777
EFFECTS OF THE INVASIVE PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS ON THE PREDATION OF MOSQUITOES THROUGH CHANGES IN HABITAT COMPLEXITY
Creators: name: Weeks, Virginia Lynn
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant sciences
subject: Water resources management
subject: damselfly
subject: Invasive
subject: mosquito
subject: Phragmites australis
subject: predation
subject: stormwater

description: Ephemeral stormwater ponds in the eastern United States are often invaded by non-native Phragmites australis which has been associated with numerous negative impacts on resident systems, including changes in hydrology, displacement of native macrophytes, and degradation of wildlife habitat. Few studies have documented the impacts of invasive P.australis on macroinvertebrate communities. Vegetated edges of stormwater retention facilities are often important developmental habitat for medically significant mosquitoes and the invertebrate predators that regulate their abundances. The displacement of resident macrophytes by P.australis could alter the physical structure of pond vegetation and disrupt the interactions between mosquitoes and their visual predators. The overall goal of my thesis was to evaluate differences in habitat complexity between native macrophytes, T.latifolia and J.effuses, and P.australis, and explore how those differences may impact predation of mosquitoes. I addressed this goal by conducting a controlled laboratory predation experiment and field surveys of four stormwater ponds.
Random Walk Beyond Hartree-Fock
Creators: name: Gubernatis, J. E.
name: Guerrero, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a brief discussion of the recently developed Constrained-Path Monte Carlo Method. This method is a quantum Monte Carlo technique that eliminates the fermion sign problem plaguing simulations of systems of interacting electrons. The elimination is accomplished by trading an exact procedure for an approximate one that has been demonstrated to give very accurate estimates of energies and many-body correlation functions. We also give a short review of its applications, a discussion of several strategies for parallelizing it, and some speculation of its future extensions.
description: Revtex file with 4 eps figures. To appear in Computer Physics Communications
Additional file of A new 3D printing porous trabecular titanium metal acetabular cup for primary total hip arthroplasty: a minimum 2-year follow-up of 92 consecutive patients
Creators: name: Geng, Xiao
name: Li, Yang
name: Li, Feng
name: Wang, Xinguang
name: Zhang, Ke
name: Liu, Zhongjun
name: Tian, Hua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file of A new 3D printing porous trabecular titanium metal acetabular cup for primary total hip arthroplasty: a minimum 2-year follow-up of 92 consecutive patients
title: Following the Money: Evidence for the Portfolio Balance Channel of Quantitative Easing
Creators: name: Goldstein, Itay
name: Witmer, Jonathan
name: Yang, Jing
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2018

description: Recent research suggests that quantitative easing (QE) may affect a broad range of asset prices through a portfolio balance channel. Using novel security-level holding data of individual US mutual funds, we establish evidence that portfolio rebalancing occurred both within and across funds. Contrary to conventional wisdom, portfolio rebalancing by fund managers into riskier assets is much smaller in magnitude than into other government bonds. We find that mutual funds replaced QE securities with other government bonds that have similar characteristics. Intriguingly, this shift occurred mainly into newly issued government bonds. Such within-fund portfolio rebalancing is material. For every $100 in QE bonds sold, mutual funds replenished their portfolios with about $50 to $60 of newly issued government bonds. Thus, QE played an important role in funding treasury debt issuance during this period. Meanwhile, the rebalancing into riskier assets, such as corporate bonds, did occur, but was mainly carried out by the end investors of the funds instead of the fund managers themselves.
description: Les études récentes donnent à penser que l’assouplissement quantitatif pourrait influer sur les prix d’un vaste éventail d’actifs par la voie du rééquilibrage des portefeuilles. De nouvelles données sur les titres détenus par divers fonds communs de placement aux États-Unis nous permettent d’établir qu’il y a eu un rééquilibrage des portefeuilles tant au sein des fonds qu’entre eux. Contrairement à ce qu’on pourrait croire, les gestionnaires de fonds ont beaucoup plus tendance à rééquilibrer leurs portefeuilles par d’autres obligations d’État que par des actifs plus risqués. En effet, nous constatons que les fonds communs de placement ont remplacé les titres vendus dans le cadre du programme d’assouplissement quantitatif par d’autres obligations d’État dotées de caractéristiques semblables. Curieusement, il s’agissait surtout de nouvelles émissions d’obligations d’État. Ce genre de rééquilibrage des portefeuilles au sein des fonds est important. Pour chaque tranche de 100 $ d’obligations vendue dans le cadre du programme, les fonds communs de placement ont regarni leurs portefeuilles en achetant les obligations d’État nouvellement émises d’une valeur de 50 $ à 60 $. L’assouplissement quantitatif a donc joué un rôle important dans le financement de l’émission de titres du Trésor pendant cette période. Le rééquilibrage par des actifs plus risqués, comme les obligations de sociétés, a quant à lui été observé, mais principalement chez les investisseurs finaux des fonds, plutôt que chez les gestionnaires de fonds eux-mêmes.
Condensation and Metastability in the 2D Potts Model
Creators: name: Meunier, J. L.
name: Morel, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the first order transition of the Ising model below $T_c$, Isakov has proven that the free energy possesses an essential singularity in the applied field. Such a singularity in the control parameter, anticipated by condensation theory, is believed to be a generic feature of first order transitions, but too weak to be observable. We study these issues for the temperature driven transition of the $q$ states 2D Potts model at $q>q_c=4$. Adapting the droplet model to this case, we relate its parameters to the critical properties at $q_c$ and confront the free energy to the many informations brought by previous works. The essential singularity predicted at the transition temperature leads to observable effects in numerical data. On a finite lattice, a metastability domain of temperatures is identified, which shrinks to zero in the thermodynamical limit. ~
description: 32 pages, 6 figures, Latex
title: Sources of Borrowing and Fiscal Multipliers
Creators: name: Priftis, Romanos
name: Zimic, Srecko
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2018

description: This paper finds that debt-financed government spending multipliers vary considerably depending on the location of the debt buyer. In a sample of 33 countries, we find that government spending multipliers are larger when government purchases are financed by issuing debt to foreign investors (non-residents), compared with when government purchases are financed by issuing debt to home investors (residents). A theoretical model (with flexible or sticky prices) shows that the location of the government creditor produces these differential responses to the extent that private investment is crowded out in each case. Increasing international capital mobility of the resident private sector decreases the difference between the two types of financing, both in the model and in the data.
description: Notre étude montre que les multiplicateurs pour les dépenses publiques financées par des emprunts varient considérablement selon le pays où se trouve l’acheteur du titre de créance. L’analyse, fondée sur un échantillon de 33 pays, permet de constater que les dépenses publiques ont des effets multiplicateurs plus importants quand elles sont financées par la vente de titres de créance à des investisseurs étrangers (non-résidents) plutôt qu’à des investisseurs nationaux (résidents). Un modèle théorique (en contexte de flexibilité ou de rigidité des prix) montre que le pays où se trouve le créancier public explique ces différences de réaction dans la mesure où l’investissement privé est évincé dans chaque cas. La mobilité internationale croissante des capitaux du secteur privé résident réduit la différence entre les effets des deux types de financement, dans le modèle comme les données.
Discrete Flux and Velocity Fields of Probability and Their Global Maps in Reaction Systems
Creators: name: Terebus, Anna
name: Liu, Chun
name: Liang, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Stochasticity plays important roles in reaction systems. Vector fields of probability flux and velocity characterize time-varying and steady-state properties of these systems, including high probability paths, barriers, checkpoints among different stable regions, as well as mechanisms of dynamic switching among them. However, conventional fluxes on continuous space are ill-defined and are problematic when at boundaries of the state space or when copy numbers are small. By re-defining the derivative and divergence operators based on the discrete nature of reactions, we introduce new formulations of discrete fluxes. Our flux model fully accounts for the discreetness of both the state space and the jump processes of reactions. The reactional discrete flux satisfies the continuity equation and describes the behavior of the system evolving along directions of reactions. The species discrete flux directly describes the dynamic behavior in the state space of the reactants such as the transfer of probability mass. With the relationship between these two fluxes specified, we show how to construct time-evolving and steady-state global flow-maps of probability flux and velocity in the directions of every species at every microstate, and how they are related to the outflow and inflow of probability fluxes when tracing out reaction trajectories. We also describe how to impose proper conditions enabling exact quantification of flux and velocity in the boundary regions, without the difficulty of enforcing artificial reflecting conditions. We illustrate the computation of probability flux and velocity using three model systems, namely, the birth-death process, the bistable Schlögl model, and the oscillating Schnakenberg model.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures
Static and Dynamical Properties of the Ferromagnetic Kondo Model with Direct Antiferromagnetic Coupling Between the localized $t_{2g}$ Electrons
Creators: name: Yunoki, Seiji
name: Moreo, Adriana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase diagram of the Kondo lattice Hamiltonian with ferromagnetic Hund's coupling in the limit where the spin of the localized $t_{2g}$ electrons is classical is analyzed in one dimension as a function of temperature, electronic density, and a direct antiferromagnetic coupling $J'$ between the localized spins. Studying static and dynamical properties, a behavior that qualitatively resembles experimental results for manganites occurs for $J'$ smaller than 0.11 in units of the $e_g$ hopping amplitude. In particular a coexistence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic excitations is observed at low-hole density in agreement with neutron scattering experiments on $\rm{La_{2-2x}Sr_{1+2x}Mn_2O_7}$ with$x=0.4$. This effect is caused by the recently reported tendency to phase separation between hole-rich ferromagnetic and hole-undoped antiferromagnetic domains in electronic models for manganites. As $J'$ increases metal-insulator transitions are detected by monitoring the optical conductivity and the density of states. The magnetic correlations reveal the existence of spiral phases without long-range order but with fairly large correlation lengths. Indications of charge ordering effects appear in the analysis of charge correlations.
description: 14 pages with 25 eps figures embeded in the text
title: Does Outward Foreign Investment Matter for Canadian Productivity? Evidence from Greenfield Investments
Creators: name: Rai, Naveen
name: Suchanek, Lena
name: Bernier, Maria
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2018

description: This paper seeks to understand how outward foreign direct investment (FDI) affects the productivity of Canadian firms. We estimate the impact of outward greenfield investment on measures of firm-level productivity using FDI data from roughly 2,000 Canadian firms and more than 4,000 outward FDI projects over the 2003–14 period. Combining matching techniques with a difference-in-difference approach, we find that firms that invest abroad tend to see more important productivity gains one to two years after the investment, compared with firms that are otherwise similar but remain domestic, suggesting that outward investment has beneficial implications for investing firms. Further, panel regression analysis at the provincial level shows that an increase in the number of outward investment projects is found to be associated with higher productivity growth, particularly for investments in OECD countries. The result suggests that learning or technological spillover effects are particularly important when investing in countries close to the home country’s technological frontier.
description: Dans cette étude, nous cherchons à comprendre comment les investissements directs étrangers sortants influent sur la productivité des entreprises canadiennes. Nous estimons les effets d’investissements directs étrangers de création sur certaines mesures de la productivité des entreprises, à l’aide de données sur plus de 4 000 projets d’investissement de ce type réalisés par quelque 2 000 sociétés canadiennes de 2003 à 2014. Nous employons la méthode des doubles différences avec des techniques d’appariement des coefficients de propension et trouvons que les entreprises canadiennes qui investissent à l’étranger enregistrent généralement, après un ou deux ans, des gains de productivité plus marqués que celles qui — par ailleurs analogues — ne s’implantent pas à l’étranger, ce qui donne à penser que les investissements sortants sont bénéfiques pour les entreprises qui les font. De plus, il ressort d’une analyse de régression sur données de panel provinciales qu’une augmentation du nombre de projets d’investissement sortant est associée à une croissance accrue de la productivité, notamment dans les cas où les pays d’accueil sont ceux de l’OCDE. Les résultats donnent à penser que les investissements s’accompagnent d’externalités de connaissance ou technologiques d’autant plus importantes que la frontière technologique des pays d’accueil est proche de celle du pays de l’entreprise investisseuse.
Controlled co-excitation of direct and indirect ultrafast demagnetization in Co/Pd multilayer with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Creators: name: Pan, Santanu
name: Hellwig, Olav
name: Barman, Anjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ever since its discovery in 1996, ultrafast demagnetization has ignited immense research interest due to its scientific rigor and technological potential. A flurry of recent theoretical and experimental investigations has proposed direct and indirect excitation processes in separate systems. However, it still lacks a unified mechanism and remains highly debatable. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate that instead of either direct or indirect interaction, simultaneous and controlled excitation of both direct and indirect mechanisms of demagnetization are possible in a multilayers composed of repeated Co/Pd bi-layers. Moreover, we were able to modulate demagnetization time (from ~350 fs to ~750 fs) by fluence and thickness dependent indirect excitation due to heat current flowing vertically downward from top layers, which is combined with an altogether different scenario of direct irradiation. Finally, by regulating the pump wavelength we could effectively control the contribution of indirect process, which gives a confirmation to our understanding of the ultrafast demagnetization process.
Cynometra parvifolia Tul.
Creators: name: Molino, Jean-François
name: Sabatier, Daniel
name: Grenand, Pierre
name: Engel, Julien
name: Frame, Dawn
name: Delprete, Piero G.
name: Fleury, Marie
name: Odonne, Guillaume
name: Davy, Damien
name: Lucas, Eve J.
name: Martin, Claire A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Fabales
Fabaceae
Cynometra
Cynometra parvifolia

description: [776] Cynometra parvifolia Tul.
 Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 181 (Tulasne 1844).
 HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 4 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: Service Forestier 4436; D. Sabatier 1009, “Arbre moyen”
description: Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 511, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777
Development of ASTM International D8405—Standard Test Method for Evaluating PM2.5 Sensors or Sensor Systems Used in Indoor Applications
Creators: name: Mui, Wilton
name: Kuang, Xiaobi Michelle
name: Zhang, Hang
name: Bhandari, Sahil
name: Dominguez, Raul
name: Polidori, Andrea
name: Papapostolou, Vasileios
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Molecular Biology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Sensors and sensor systems for monitoring fine particles with aerodynamic diameters smaller than 2.5 µm can provide real-time feedback on indoor air quality and thus can help guide actions to manage indoor air pollutant concentrations. Standardized verification of the performance and accuracy of sensors and sensor systems is crucial for predicting the efficacy of such monitoring. A new ASTM International standard test method (ASTM D8405) was created for this need and is the most exacting laboratory protocol published to date for evaluating indoor air quality sensors and sensor systems measuring particles smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter. ASTM D8405 subjects sensors and sensor systems to five test phases: (1) an initial particle concentration ramp; (2) exposure to various temperature and humidity conditions; (3) exposure to interfering particles; (4) temperature cycling; and (5) a final particle concentration ramp to assess drift. This paper discusses the development of the standard test method, key aspects of the testing process, example evaluation results, and a comparison of this standard test method against peer evaluation protocols.
Magnetization Properties of Some Quantum Spin Ladders
Creators: name: Tandon, Kunj
name: Lal, Siddhartha
name: Pati, Swapan K.
name: Ramasesha, S.
name: Sen, Diptiman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The experimental realization of various spin ladder systems has prompted their detailed theoretical investigations. Here we study the evolution of ground state magnetization with an external magnetic field for two different antiferromagnetic systems: a three-legged spin-1/2 ladder, and a two-legged spin-1/2 ladder with an additional diagonal interaction. The finite system density-matrix renormalization group method is employed for numerical studies of the three-chain system, and an effective low-energy Hamiltonian is used in the limit of strong interchain coupling to study the two- and three-chain systems. The three-chain system has a magnetization plateau at one-third of the saturation magnetization. The two-chain system has a plateau at zero magnetization due to a gap above the singlet ground state. It also has a plateau at half of the saturation magnetization for a certain range of values of the couplings. We study the regions of transitions between plateaus numerically and analytically, and find that they are described, at first order in a strong-coupling expansion, by an XXZ spin-1/2 chain in a magnetic field; the second order terms give corrections to the XXZ model. We also study numerically some low-temperature properties of the three-chain system, such as the magnetization, magnetic susceptibility and specific heat.
description: Revtex, 26 pages including 17 epsf figures; a few minor changes; this is the final published version
title: Canadian Repo Market Ecology
Creators: name: Garriott, Corey
name: Gray, Kyle
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2016

description: This is the first of the Financial Markets Department’s descriptions of Canadian financial industrial organization. The document discusses the organization of the repurchase-agreement (repo) market in Canada. We define the repo contract, the market infrastructures that support repo trading and the composition of the market participants. We also describe repo trading practices in Canada, risks in the repo market and repo regulation. A repo is a financial contract that resembles a collateralized loan. It is used to support the funding needs of financial institutions and to procure on a temporary basis specific securities. The Canadian repo market is primarily composed of large banks and large investment institutions such as pension funds. A unique feature of the Canadian market is that Canadian investment institutions are net borrowers of cash via repo. Repo can transmit risks in the financial system because it can create levered interconnections among participants. Risks in the Canadian repo market are relatively smaller than in other jurisdictions.
description: La présente étude constitue le premier volet d’une série de travaux que le département des Marchés financiers consacre à la description de l’organisation industrielle du secteur financier canadien. Elle a pour objet l’organisation du marché des pensions sur titres au Canada. Nous y présentons une analyse descriptive du contrat relatif aux pensions, des infrastructures de marché qui sous-tendent les opérations de pension et de la répartition des participants à ce marché. Nous y décrivons en outre la pratique des opérations de pensions au Canada, les risques associés au marché des pensions et la réglementation applicable à ces instruments. La pension sur titres est un contrat financier qui s’apparente à un prêt garanti. Les institutions financières l’utilisent pour répondre à leurs besoins de financement ou pour se procurer temporairement des titres particuliers. Le marché canadien des pensions se compose essentiellement des grandes banques et de grands organismes investisseurs tels que les caisses de retraite. Une particularité du marché canadien tient au fait que ces organismes y sont en situation d’emprunteurs nets de liquidités. Les opérations de pension sont susceptibles de transmettre des risques à l’ensemble du système financier, car elles peuvent exposer les participants à des positions à effet de levier par l’intermédiaire des liens qu’ils ont entre eux. Dans l’ensemble, les risques qui pèsent sur le marché des pensions sont relativement moins élevés au Canada que dans d’autres pays.
PROKUROR NAZORATI VA KAMBAG'ALLIKNI QISQARTIRISHGA OID HUQUQIY FAOLIYAT TUSHUNCHASI
Creators: name: Saidov, Sarvar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqolada prokuror nazorati va kambag‘allikni qisqartirishga oid huquqiy faoliyat tushunchalariga nazariy ma’lumotlarga tayangan holda aniqqlik kiritildi. Jumladan, prokuror nazoratining maqsadlari ko‘rsatildi.
Dimorphandra coccinea Ducke
Creators: name: Molino, Jean-François
name: Sabatier, Daniel
name: Grenand, Pierre
name: Engel, Julien
name: Frame, Dawn
name: Delprete, Piero G.
name: Fleury, Marie
name: Odonne, Guillaume
name: Davy, Damien
name: Lucas, Eve J.
name: Martin, Claire A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Fabales
Fabaceae
Dimorphandra
Dimorphandra coccinea

description: [779] Dimorphandra coccinea Ducke
 J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 25: 197 (Ducke 1935).
VERNACULAR NAMES. — Wp: alapokwa’ɨ• Br: arariúba.
 HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 2 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: G. Cremers 14582.
 SIZE. — Brazil, Amazonas. J.W. Grimes 3126 (MO), “Emergent tree”.
description: Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 512, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777
title: Central Bank Digital Currencies: A Framework for Assessing Why and How
Creators: name: Fung, Ben
name: Halaburda, Hanna
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2016

description: Digital currencies have attracted strong interest in recent years and have the potential to become widely adopted for use in making payments. Public authorities and central banks around the world are closely monitoring developments in digital currencies and studying their implications for the economy, the financial system and central banks. One key policy question for public authorities such as a central bank is whether or not to issue its own digital currency that can be used by the general public to make payments. There are several public policy arguments for a central-bank-issued digital currency. This paper proposes a framework for assessing why a central bank should consider issuing a digital currency and how to implement it to improve the efficiency of the retail payment system.
description: Les monnaies numériques suscitent un vif intérêt depuis quelques années et sont susceptibles d’être adoptées à grande échelle comme moyens de paiement. Les autorités publiques et les banques centrales de partout dans le monde surveillent de près l’évolution de ces monnaies et étudient leurs implications pour l’économie, le système financier et les banques centrales. L’une des questions de politique importantes qui se posent aux autorités publiques, notamment les banques centrales, est de savoir si elles devraient ou non émettre leur propre monnaie numérique, que le grand public pourrait utiliser pour effectuer des paiements. Plusieurs arguments de politique publique plaident en faveur d’une monnaie numérique émise par une banque centrale. Le présent article propose un cadre visant à déterminer pourquoi une banque centrale devrait envisager l’émission d’une monnaie numérique et comment celle-ci pourrait être mise en place pour améliorer l’efficacité du système de paiement de détail.
title: The Paul Storer Memorial Lecture—Cross-Border Trade Integration and Monetary Policy
Creators: name: Poloz, Stephen S.
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2016

description: In this paper we explore the nexus between cross-border trade integration and monetary policy. We first review the evidence that trade liberalization has increased the degree of integration in North America and conclude that, while robust structural inferences remain elusive, there is sufficient supporting evidence for central banks to treat the issue seriously. The paper then discusses several channels by which increased integration might affect macroeconomic models. We introduce modifications to the Bank of Canada’s main policy model, ToTEM, to capture some of the impacts of integration suggested in the literature and generate stochastic simulations to compare versions of the model with low and high integration. The main conclusion is that increased integration may make it more challenging for central banks to control inflation, in the sense that doing so will require more variability in interest rates, exchange rates and the output gap.
description: Dans le présent document, nous étudions le lien entre l’intégration du commerce transfrontalier et la politique monétaire. Nous examinons d’abord les indications d’un accroissement du degré d’intégration en Amérique du Nord induit par la libéralisation des échanges et concluons que, si des inférences structurelles robustes restent difficiles à cerner, la preuve recueillie est suffisante pour inciter les banques centrales à prendre la question au sérieux. Puis, nous décrivons plusieurs canaux par lesquels l’intégration accrue peut se répercuter sur les modèles macroéconomiques. Nous donnons un aperçu des modifications apportées à TOTEM, le principal modèle macroéconomique de la Banque du Canada, pour tenir compte de certains des effets de l’intégration mentionnés dans la littérature, puis générons des stimulations stochastiques pour comparer des versions du modèle comportant un degré d’intégration faible ou élevé. La conclusion principale est que l’intégration accrue pourrait compliquer la tâche des banques centrales lorsqu’il s’agit de maîtriser l’inflation, car une plus grande variabilité des taux d’intérêt, des taux de change et de l’écart de production serait alors nécessaire.
title: The Doug Purvis Memorial Lecture—Monetary/Fiscal Policy Mix and Financial Stability: The Medium Term Is Still the Message
Creators: name: Poloz, Stephen S.
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2016

description: Financial stability risks have become topical in the wake of the global financial crisis and the subsequent extended period of very low interest rates. This paper investigates the significance of the mix of monetary and fiscal policies for financial stability through counterfactual simulations of three key historical episodes, using the Bank’s main policy model, ToTEM (Terms-of-Trade Economic Model). The paper finds that there is an intimate relationship between the monetary/fiscal policy mix and the dynamics of both private sector and public sector debt accumulation. No attempt is made to develop criteria for policy mix optimization, since it is clear from the model simulations that the appropriate policy mix is highly state-dependent. This finding points to the need for a coherent framework for weighing the relative financial and macroeconomic consequences of accumulating public sector versus private sector debt. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that there are potential benefits to ex ante monetary/fiscal policy coordination, and that Canada’s policy framework—where the monetary and fiscal authorities jointly agree on an inflation target while enshrining central bank operational independence—represents an elegant coordinating mechanism.
description: Les risques liés à la stabilité financière sont devenus d’actualité dans la foulée de la crise financière mondiale et de la période prolongée de très bas taux d’intérêt qui a suivi. Le présent article examine l’importance du dosage des politiques monétaire et budgétaire pour la stabilité financière au moyen de simulations contrefactuelles de trois grands épisodes historiques, réalisées à l’aide du principal modèle macroéconomique de la Banque, TOTEM (« Terms-of-Trade Economic Model »). Ces simulations mettent en lumière l’existence d’un lien étroit entre le dosage des politiques monétaire et budgétaire et la dynamique de l’accumulation de la dette des secteurs privé et public. L’objectif n’est pas ici d’élaborer des critères d’optimisation du dosage des politiques, car les simulations montrent clairement que le dosage approprié dépend fortement de la conjoncture. Ce constat fait ressortir la nécessité d’un cadre cohérent pour évaluer les conséquences financières et macroéconomiques relatives de l’accumulation de la dette publique et de la dette privée. En outre, les résultats de l’analyse donnent à penser que la coordination ex ante des politiques monétaire et budgétaire comporte des avantages potentiels, et que le cadre de politiques du Canada – en vertu duquel les autorités monétaire et budgétaire conviennent conjointement d’une cible d’inflation tout en consacrant l’indépendance opérationnelle de la banque centrale – représente un dispositif de coordination élégant.
Gravitational Lenses as High-Resolution Telescopes
Creators: name: Barnacka, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inner regions of active galaxies host the most extreme and energetic phenomena in the universe including, relativistic jets, supermassive black hole binaries, and recoiling supermassive black holes. However, many of these sources cannot be resolved with direct observations. I review how strong gravitational lensing can be used to elucidate the structures of these sources from radio frequencies up to very high energy gamma rays. The deep gravitational potentials surrounding galaxies act as natural gravitational lenses. These gravitational lenses split background sources into multiple images, each with a gravitationally-induced time delay. These time delays and positions of lensed images depend on the source location, and thus, can be used to infer the spatial origins of the emission. For example, using gravitationally-induced time delays improves angular resolution of modern gamma-ray instruments by six orders of magnitude, and provides evidence that gamma-ray outbursts can be produced at even thousands of light years from a supermassive black hole, and that the compact radio emission does not always trace the position of the supermassive black hole. These findings provide unique physical information about the central structure of active galaxies, force us to revise our models of operating particle acceleration mechanisms, and challenge our assumptions about the origin of compact radio emission. Future surveys, including LSST, SKA, and Euclid, will provide observations for hundreds of thousands of gravitationally lensed sources, which will allow us to apply strong gravitational lensing to study the multi-wavelength structure for large ensembles of sources. This large ensemble of gravitationally lensed active galaxies will allow us to elucidate the physical origins of multi-wavelength emissions, their connections to supermassive black holes, and their cosmic evolution.
description: Invited (Accepted) review for Physics Reports
Alignment Analysis of Sequential Segmentation of Lexicons to Improve Automatic Cognate Detection
Creators: name: A, Pranav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ranking functions in information retrieval are often used in search engines to recommend the relevant answers to the query. This paper makes use of this notion of information retrieval and applies onto the problem domain of cognate detection. The main contributions of this paper are: (1) positional segmentation, which incorporates the sequential notion; (2) graphical error modelling, which deduces the transformations. The current research work focuses on classification problem; which is distinguishing whether a pair of words are cognates. This paper focuses on a harder problem, whether we could predict a possible cognate from the given input. Our study shows that when language modelling smoothing methods are applied as the retrieval functions and used in conjunction with positional segmentation and error modelling gives better results than competing baselines, in both classification and prediction of cognates. Source code is at: https://github.com/pranav-ust/cognates
description: Published at ACL-SRW 2018
Development of ASTM international D8405 – Standard test method for evaluating PM2.5 sensors or sensors systems used in indoor applications
Creators: name: Mui, Wilton
name: Kuang, Xiaobi Michelle
name: Zhang, Hang
name: Bhandari, Sahil
name: Dominguez, Raul
name: Polidori, Andrea
name: Papapostolou, Vasileios
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Molecular Biology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Sensors and sensor systems for monitoring fine particles with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 µm can provide real-time feedback on indoor air quality, and thus can help guide actions to manage indoor air pollutant concentrations. Standardized verification of the performance and accuracy of sensors and sensor systems is crucial for predicting the efficacy of such monitoring. A new ASTM International standard test method (ASTM D8405) was created for this need and is the most exacting laboratory protocol published to date for evaluating indoor air quality sensors and sensors systems measuring particles smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter. ASTM D8405 subjects sensors and sensor systems to five test phases: 1) an initial particle concentration ramp; 2) exposure to various temperature and humidity conditions; 3) exposure to interfering particles; 4) temperature cycling; and 5) a final particle concentration ramp to assess drift. This paper discusses development of the standard test method, key aspects of the testing process, example evaluation results, and comparison of this standard test method against peer evaluation protocols.
Stripes: Why hole rich lines are antiphase domain walls?
Creators: name: Zachar, Oron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For stripes of hole rich lines in doped antiferromagnets, we investigate the competition between anti-phase and in-phase domain wall ground state configurations. We argue that a phase transition must occure as a function of the electron/hole filling fraction of the domain wall. Due to {\em transverse} kinetic hole fluctuations, empty domain walls are always anti-phase. At arbitrary electron filling fraction ($δ$) of the domain wall (and in particular for $δ\approx 1/4$ as in LaNdSrCuO), it is essential to account also for the transverse magnetic interactions of the electrons and their mobility {\em along} the domain wall. We find that the transition from anti-phase to in-phase stripe domain wall occurs at a critical filling fraction $0.28
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Tunable Angle Dependent Magnetization Dynamics in Ni80Fe20 Nano-cross Structures of Varying Size
Creators: name: Adhikari, Kartik
name: Barman, Saswati
name: Mandal, Ruma
name: Otani, Yoshichika
name: Barman, Anjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a large angular dependence of magnetization dynamics in Ni80Fe20 nano-cross arrays of varying sizes. By subtle variation of the azimuthal angle of an in-plane bias magnetic field, the spin configuration and the ensuing spin-wave dynamics, including mode softening, mode splitting, mode crossover and mode merging, can be drastically varied to the extent that a frequency minimum corresponding to mode softening converts to a mode crossover, various mode splitting and mode crossover disappear and additional mode splitting appears. Numerically simulated spin-wave spectra and phase profiles revealed the nature of various spin-wave modes and the origin of above variation of the dynamics with bias-field angle. All of these above observations are further modified with the variation of dimensions of the nano-cross. The numerically calculated magnetostatic field distributions further supports the variation of dynamics with bias-field angle. These results open a new avenue for engineering the nano-cross based magnetic devices such as magnetic storage, spin-wave logic and on-chip data communication devices.
title: Monetary Commitment and the Level of Public Debt
Creators: name: Gnocchi, Stefano
name: Lambertini, Luisa
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2016

description: We analyze the interaction between committed monetary policy and discretionary fiscal policy in a model with public debt, endogenous government expenditures, distortive taxation and nominal rigidities. Fiscal decisions lack commitment but are Markov-perfect. Monetary commitment to an interest rate path leads to a unique level of debt. This level of debt is positive if the central bank adopts closed-loop strategies that raise the real interest rate when inflation is above target owing to fiscal deviations. More aggressive defence of the inflation target implies lower debt and higher welfare. Simple Taylor-type interest rate rules achieve welfare levels similar to those generated by sophisticated closed-loop strategies.
description: Nous analysons les interactions entre une politique monétaire à laquelle l’autorité responsable n’entend pas déroger et une politique budgétaire discrétionnaire, à l’aide d’un modèle caractérisé par l’existence d’une dette publique, des dépenses publiques endogènes, des distorsions fiscales et des rigidités nominales. Les décisions d’ordre budgétaire sont susceptibles d’être infléchies, mais elles sont parfaites au sens de Markov. L’engagement des autorités monétaires à s’en tenir à une trajectoire des taux d’intérêt donne lieu à un niveau de dette unique. Ce niveau de dette est positif si la banque centrale adopte des stratégies en boucle fermée qui lui font relever le taux d’intérêt réel lorsque, en raison de la décision de l’autorité budgétaire de s’éloigner de la politique budgétaire annoncée, l’inflation observée dépasse le taux cible. Une adhésion plus stricte au régime de ciblage de l’inflation se traduit par une baisse de la dette et un accroissement du bien-être. Un taux d’intérêt calculé selon de simples règles de Taylor permet d’atteindre des niveaux de bien-être comparables à ceux obtenus par l’application de stratégies complexes en boucle fermée.
Hyperpolarised 13C-MRI identifies the emergence of a glycolytic cell population within intermediate-risk human prostate cancer.
Creators: name: Sushentsev, Nikita
name: McLean, Mary
name: Warren, Anne
name: Benjamin, Arnold JV
name: Brodie, Cara
name: Frary, Amy
name: Gill, Andrew
name: Jones, Julia
name: Kaggie, Joshua
name: Lamb, Benjamin W
name: Locke, Matthew J
name: Miller, Jodi
name: Mills, Ian G
name: Priest, Andrew N
name: Robb, Fraser JL
name: Shah, Nimish
name: Schulte, Rolf S
name: Graves, Martin
name: Gnanapragasam, Vincent
name: Brindle, Kevin
name: Barrett, Tristan
name: Gallagher, Ferdia
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Stromal Cells
Epithelial Cells
Humans
Prostatic Neoplasms
Pyruvic Acid
L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters
Muscle Proteins
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Cohort Studies
Prospective Studies
Glycolysis
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Middle Aged
Male

description: Funder: Wellcome Trust
description: Hyperpolarised magnetic resonance imaging (HP 13C-MRI) is an emerging clinical technique to detect [1-13C]lactate production in prostate cancer (PCa) following intravenous injection of hyperpolarised [1-13C]pyruvate. Here we differentiate clinically significant PCa from indolent disease in a low/intermediate-risk population by correlating [1-13C]lactate labelling on MRI with the percentage of Gleason pattern 4 (%GP4) disease. Using immunohistochemistry and spatial transcriptomics, we show that HP 13C-MRI predominantly measures metabolism in the epithelial compartment of the tumour, rather than the stroma. MRI-derived tumour [1-13C]lactate labelling correlated with epithelial mRNA expression of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA and LDHB combined), and the ratio of lactate transporter expression between the epithelial and stromal compartments (epithelium-to-stroma MCT4). We observe similar changes in MCT4, LDHA, and LDHB between tumours with primary Gleason patterns 3 and 4 in an independent TCGA cohort. Therefore, HP 13C-MRI can metabolically phenotype clinically significant disease based on underlying metabolic differences in the epithelial and stromal tumour compartments.
description: Prostate Cancer UK (PCUK; Grant PA14-012) and Cancer Research UK (CRUK; Grants C19212/A27150, C19212/A16628).
Dimorphandra cuprea Sprague & Sandwith
Creators: name: Molino, Jean-François
name: Sabatier, Daniel
name: Grenand, Pierre
name: Engel, Julien
name: Frame, Dawn
name: Delprete, Piero G.
name: Fleury, Marie
name: Odonne, Guillaume
name: Davy, Damien
name: Lucas, Eve J.
name: Martin, Claire A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Fabales
Fabaceae
Dimorphandra
Dimorphandra cuprea

description: [780] Dimorphandra cuprea Sprague & Sandwith
 Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932 (8): 402 [1 Nov. 1932] (Sprague & Sandwith 1932).
 HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — A single collection, D. Sabatier & J.-F. Molino 4836.
INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 1 tree, dbh = 47.7 cm.
description: Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 512, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777