cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome of the bone metastasis associated stroma
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2010
Subjects: Transcriptome or Gene expression
Multiisolate

description: The reciprocal interaction between cancer cells and the tissue-specific stroma is critical for primary and metastatic tumor growth progression. Prostate cancer cells colonize preferentially bone (osteotropism), where they alter the physiological balance between osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, and elicit prevalently an osteoblastic response (osteoinduction). The molecular cues provided by osteoblasts for the survival and growth of bone metastatic prostate cancer cells are largely unknown. We exploited the sufficient divergence between human and mouse RNA sequences together with redefinition of highly species-specific gene arrays by computer-aided and experimental exclusion of cross-hybridizing oligonucleotide probes. This strategy allowed the dissection of the stroma (mouse) from the cancer cell (human) transcriptome in bone metastasis xenograft models of human osteoinductive prostate cancer cells (VCaP and C4-2B). As a result, we generated the osteoblastic bone metastasis-associated stroma transcriptome (OB-BMST). Subtraction of genes shared by inflammation, wound healing and desmoplastic responses, and by the tissue type-independent stroma responses to a variety of non-osteotropic and osteotropic primary cancers generated a curated gene signature (“Core” OB-BMST) putatively representing the bone marrow/bone-specific stroma response to prostate cancer-induced, osteoblastic bone metastasis. The expression pattern of three representative Core OB-BMST genes (PTN, EPHA3 and FSCN1) seems to confirm the bone specificity of this response. A robust induction of genes involved in osteogenesis and angiogenesis dominates both the OB-BMST and Core OB-BMST. This translates in an amplification of hematopoietic and, remarkably, prostate epithelial stem cell niche components that may function as a self-reinforcing bone metastatic niche providing a growth support specific for osteoinductive prostate cancer cells. The induction of this combinatorial stem cell niche is a novel mechanism that may also explain cancer cell osteotropism and local interference with hematopoiesis (myelophthisis). Accordingly, these stem cell niche components may represent innovative therapeutic targets and/or serum biomarkers in osteoblastic bone metastasis.Keywords: cancer, transcription-profile, bone, metastasis, stromaOverall design: 3 samples of VCaP xenografted mouse bones (VCaP xenografts 1/2/3), 3 samples of C4-2B xenografted mouse bones (C4-2B xenografts 1/2/3), 2 samples of Ep156T xenografted mouse bones (Ep156T xenografts 1/2), 2 samples of sham-operated mouse bones (sham-operated bones 1/2) and 3 samples of intact mouse bones (intact bones 1/2/3) were profiled on Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430A 2.0 Arrays.Sample code: MVX stands for VCaP xenografts, MBM for Intact bone samples, MCX for C4-2B xenografts and MNX for Sham-operated bones samples
Small RNA sequencing and analysis of two ants: Camponotus floridanus and Harpegnathos saltator
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2010
Subjects: Transcriptome or Gene expression
Multispecies

description: Deep sequencing of small RNA from two Ants: Camponotus floridanus and Harpegnathos saltatorOverall design: Analysis of small RNA expression profile from different specimens: egg,larva,male,minor and major for Camponotus floridanus while egg,larva,male,worker and gammergate for Harpegnathos saltator
A note on the monomer-dimer model
Creators: name: Quitmann, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Monomer-dimer model
subject: statistical mechanics
subject: 60K35
subject: 82B20

description: We consider the monomer-dimer model, whose realisations are spanning sub-graphs of a given graph such that every vertex has degree zero or one. The measure depends on a parameter, the monomer activity, which rewards the total number of monomers. We consider general correlation functions including monomer-monomer correlations and dimer-dimer covariances. We show that these correlations decay exponentially fast with the distance if the monomer activity is strictly positive. Our result improves a previous upper bound from van den Berg and is of interest due to its relation to truncated spin-spin correlations in classical spin systems. Our proof is based on the cluster expansion technique.
Antiretroviral Adherence Following Prison Release in a Randomized Trial of the imPACT Intervention to Maintain Suppression of HIV Viremia
Creators: name: Flynn, Patrick M.
name: Carda-Auten, Jessica
name: Napravnik, Sonia
name: White, Becky L.
name: Pence, Brian W.
name: DiPrete, Bethany L.
name: Powers, Kimberly A.
name: Knight, Kevin
name: Wohl, David A.
name: Groves, Jennifer S.
name: Golin, Carol E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Many people living with HIV (PLWH) pass through correctional facilities each year, a large proportion of whom do not maintain viral suppression following release. We examined the effects of imPACT, an intervention designed to promote post-release viral suppression, on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. PLWH awaiting release from prisons in two southern states were randomized to imPACT (consisting of motivational interviewing, care linkage coordination, and text message medication reminders) versus standard care (SC). ART adherence, measured by unannounced monthly telephone pill counts, was compared between study arms over 6 months post-release. Of 381 participants eligible for post-release follow-up, 302 (79%) completed ≥ 1 of 6 possible pill counts (median: 4; IQR 1–6). Average adherence over follow-up was 80.3% (95% CI 77.5, 83.1) and 81.0% (78.3, 83.6) of expected doses taken in the imPACT and SC arms, respectively. There was no difference between arms when accounting for missing data using multiple imputation (mean difference = − 0.2 percentage points [− 3.7, 3.3]), controlling for study site and week of follow-up. Of the 936 (40.9%) pill counts that were missed, 212 (22.7%) were due to re-incarceration. Those who missed pill counts for any reason were more likely to be unsuppressed, suggesting that they had lower adherence. However, missingness was balanced between arms. Among PLWH released from prison, ART adherence averaged > 80% in both study arms over 6 months—a level higher than seen with most other chronic diseases. However, missing data may have led to an overestimate of adherence. Factors independent of the intervention influence ART adherence in this population and should be identified to inform future targeted interventions.
Depression, ART Adherence, and Receipt of Case Management Services by Adults with HIV in North Carolina, Medical Monitoring Project, 2009–2013
Creators: name: White, Becky L.
name: Samoff, Erika
name: Powers, Kimberly A.
name: Edmonds, Andrew
name: Pence, Brian W.
name: Ogburn, Damon F.
name: Dzialowy, Nicole
name: Schoenbach, Victor J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Depression among persons with HIV is associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption and discontinuation, virological failure, and poor clinical and survival outcomes. Case management services can address needs for emotional counseling and other supportive services to facilitate HIV care engagement. Using 2009–2013 North Carolina Medical Monitoring Project data from 910 persons engaged in HIV care, we estimated associations of case management utilization with “probable current depression” and with 100% ART dose adherence. After weighting, 53.2% of patients reported receiving case management, 21.7% reported depression, and 87.0% reported ART adherence. Depression prevalence was higher among those reporting case management (24.9%) than among other patients (17.6%) (p < 0.01). Case management was associated with depression among patients living above the poverty level [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR), 2.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25–3.36], and not among other patients (aPR, 1.01; 95% CI 0.72–1.43). Receipt of case management was not associated with ART adherence (aPR, 1.00; 95% CI 0.95–1.05). Our analysis indicates a need for more effective depression treatment, even among persons receiving case management services. Self-reported ART adherence was high overall, though lower among persons experiencing depression (unadjusted prevalence ratio, 0.92; 95% CI 0.86–0.99). Optimal HIV clinical and prevention outcomes require addressing psychological wellbeing, monitoring of ART adherence, and effective case management services.
Difference image analysis: The interplay between the photometric scale factor and systematic photometric errors
Creators: name: Bramich, D. M.
name: Bachelet, E.
name: Alsubai, K. A.
name: Mislis, D.
name: Parley, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Understanding the source of systematic errors in photometry is essential for their calibration. Aims: We investigate how photometry performed on difference images can be influenced by errors in the photometric scale factor. Methods: We explore the equations for difference image analysis (DIA) and we derive an expression describing how errors in the difference flux, the photometric scale factor and the reference flux are propagated to the object photometry. Results: We find that the error in the photometric scale factor is important, and while a few studies have shown that it can be at a significant level, it is currently neglected by the vast majority of photometric surveys employing DIA. Conclusions: Minimising the error in the photometric scale factor, or compensating for it in a post-calibration model, is crucial for reducing the systematic errors in DIA photometry.
description: Accepted A&A
Coherent Cancellation of Photothermal Noise in GaAs/Al$_{0.92}$Ga$_{0.08}$As Bragg Mirrors
Creators: name: Chalermsongsak, Tara
name: Hall, Evan D.
name: Cole, Garrett D.
name: Follman, David
name: Seifert, Frank
name: Arai, Koji
name: Gustafson, Eric K.
name: Smith, Joshua R.
name: Aspelmeyer, Markus
name: Adhikari, Rana X
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal noise is a limiting factor in many high-precision optical experiments. A search is underway for novel optical materials with reduced thermal noise. One such pair of materials, gallium arsenide and aluminum-alloyed gallium arsenide (collectively referred to as AlGaAs), shows promise for its low Brownian noise when compared to conventional materials such as silica and tantala. However, AlGaAs has the potential to produce a high level of thermo-optic noise. We have fabricated a set of AlGaAs crystalline coatings, transferred to fused silica substrates, whose layer structure has been optimized to reduce thermo-optic noise by inducing coherent cancellation of the thermoelastic and thermorefractive effects. By measuring the photothermal transfer function of these mirrors, we find evidence that this optimization has been successful.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Euastrum groenbladii A. M. Scott & H. Croasdale
Creators: name: Costa, Fabiana De Matos
name: Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto
name: Oliveira, Ivaniabatista
name: Bicudo, Carlos Eduardo De Mattos
name: Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Charophyta
Conjugatophyceae
Zygnematales
Desmidiaceae
Euastrum
Euastrum groenbladii

description: Euastrum groenbladii A.M. Scott & H. Croasdale in Scott et al. (Figs. 10–14)
 Cells dimensions: 33– 33.9 μm long, 22.1–23 μm wide, polar lobe 12–12.5 μm wide, isthmus 7–8 μm wide.
 Material examined: BRAZIL. Bahia: Andaraí, Collected at “Marimbus do Baiano”, Pantanal dos Marimbus (Baiano Lagoon), 12° 45’ 54.2”S, 41° 18’ 41.2”W. Sample collected by F. M. Costa, G. J. P. Ramos & C. W. N. Moura. (HUEFS 241814, HUEFS 241815, HUEFS 241799).
 Habitat: Periphyton; conductivity 0.08 (± 0.01 mS. cm-1); dissolved oxygen 8.2 (± 2.3 mg.L- 1); pH 7.1 (± 0.5); total dissolved solids 0.03 (± 0.01 ppt); water temperature 27.5 (± 0.6 ºC); water transparency 0.52 (± 0.20 m).
 Geographic distribution in Brazil: Amazonas (Scott et al. 1965).
 Notes: — Euastrum groenbladii is morphologically similar to E. biocellatum Scott & Croasdale (1965: 31), although the latter differs by having a retuse incision between the basal and apical lobes, two scrobicles and by not having a line of supra-isthmus granules (Scott & Croasdale 1965: fig. 52).
All of the morphological characteristics observed using SEM were also observed under LM. Variations were observed in terms of the basal lobes (rounded to slightly truncate) and the apical incision (shallow to deep).
 When compared the morphological features reported by Scott et al. (1965:33) with those from Bahia, the only difference is the number of scrobicles: the semicells from Amazonas has one scrobicle (fig. 62), whereas the Bahia specimens always have two scrobicles. Overall, Euastrum groenbladii is a rare species and the present record is the first for northeastern Brazil.
description: Published as part of Costa, Fabiana De Matos, Ramos, Geraldo José Peixoto, Oliveira, Ivaniabatista, Bicudo, Carlos Eduardo De Mattos & Moura, Carlos Wallace Do Nascimento, 2018, Five new taxa and a new record of Euastrum (Desmidiaceae) from the Chapada Diamantina region, Bahia State, Brazil, pp. 193-202 in Phytotaxa 372 (3) on page 197, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13727348
125 GeV Higgs boson mass from 5D gauge-Higgs unification
Creators: name: Carson, Jason
name: Okada, Nobuchika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of a simple gauge-Higgs unification (GHU) scenario based on the gauge group SU(3)$\times$U(1)$^\prime$ in a 5-dimensional flat space-time, we investigate a possibility to reproduce the observed Higgs boson mass of around 125 GeV. We introduce bulk fermion multiplets with a bulk mass and a (half) periodic boundary condition. In our analysis, we adopt a low energy effective theoretical approach of the GHU scenario, where the running Higgs quartic coupling is required to vanish at the compactification scale. Under this "gauge-Higgs condition," we investigate the renormalization group evolution of the Higgs quartic coupling and find a relation between the bulk mass and the compactification scale so as to reproduce the 125 GeV Higgs boson mass. Through quantum corrections at the one-loop level, the bulk fermions contribute to the Higgs boson production and decay processes and deviate the Higgs boson signal strengths at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments from the Standard Model (SM) predictions. Employing the current experimental data which show the the Higgs boson signal strengths for a variety of Higgs decay modes are consistent with the SM predictions, we obtain lower mass bounds on the lightest mode of the bulk fermions.
description: 28 pages, 8 figures, revised version to be published in PTEP
Behavior and model of grain separation for a small axial flow maize shelling unit
Creators: name: Waree Srison
name: Khunnithi Doungpueng
name: Pisal Muenkaew
name: Somchai Chuan-Udom
Publisher: name: Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Axial flow
Maize shelling
Concave
Grain separation

description: Engineering and Applied Science Research, 50, 6, 538-547
Fertility Intentions and Clinical Care Attendance Among Women Living with HIV in South Africa
Creators: name: Black, Vivian
name: Pettifor, Audrey
name: Powers, Kimberly A.
name: Schwartz, Sheree R.
name: Rucinski, Katherine
name: Chi, Benjamin H.
name: Pence, Brian W.
name: Rees, Helen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Poor HIV care retention impedes optimal treatment outcomes in persons living with HIV. Women trying to become pregnant may be motivated by periconception horizontal and vertical transmission concerns and thus more likely to attend HIV care visits than women not trying to conceive. We estimated the effect of fertility intentions on HIV care attendance over 12 months among non-pregnant, HIV-positive women aged 18–35 years who were on or initiating antiretroviral therapy in Johannesburg, South Africa. The percentage of women attending an HIV care visit decreased from 93.4% in the first quarter to 82.8% in the fourth quarter. Fertility intentions were not strongly associated with care attendance in this cohort of reproductive-aged women; however, attendance declined over time irrespective of childbearing plans. These findings suggest a need for reinforced efforts to support care engagement and risk reduction, including safer conception practices for women wishing to conceive.
The dust mass in z > 6 normal star forming galaxies
Creators: name: Mancini, Mattia
name: Schneider, Raffaella
name: Graziani, Luca
name: Valiante, Rosa
name: Dayal, Pratika
name: Maio, Umberto
name: Ciardi, Benedetta
name: Hunt, Leslie K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We interpret recent ALMA observations of z > 6 normal star forming galaxies by means of a semi-numerical method, which couples the output of a cosmological hydrodynamical simulation with a chemical evolution model which accounts for the contribution to dust enrichment from supernovae, asymptotic giant branch stars and grain growth in the interstellar medium. We find that while stellar sources dominate the dust mass of small galaxies, the higher level of metal enrichment experienced by galaxies with Mstar > 10^9 Msun allows efficient grain growth, which provides the dominant contribution to the dust mass. Even assuming maximally efficient supernova dust production, the observed dust mass of the z = 7.5 galaxy A1689-zD1 requires very efficient grain growth. This, in turn, implies that in this galaxy the average density of the cold and dense gas, where grain growth occurs, is comparable to that inferred from observations of QSO host galaxies at similar redshifts. Although plausible, the upper limits on the dust continuum emission of galaxies at 6.5 < z < 7.5 show that these conditions must not apply to the bulk of the high redshift galaxy population
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication as a Letter to MNRAS
Model-based methods to translate adolescent medicine trials network for HIV/AIDS interventions findings into policy recommendations: Rationale and protocol for a modeling core (atn 161)
Creators: name: Agwu, Allison L.
name: Rendina, H. Jonathon
name: Crespi, Catherine
name: Stanton, Bonita F.
name: Simpson, Kit N.
name: Parson, Jeffrey T.
name: Amico, K. Rivet
name: Freedberg, Kenneth A.
name: Bassett, Ingrid V.
name: Patel, Kunjal
name: Neilan, Anne M
name: Nachman, Sharon
name: Ciaranello, Andrea
name: Li, Xiaoming
name: Hightow-Weidman, Lisa B.
name: Naar, Sylvie
name: Bangs, Audrey C.
name: Hudgens, Michael G.
name: Powers, Kimberly A.
name: Gaur, Aditya H.
name: Horvath, Keith J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Background: The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that approximately 60,000 US youth are living with HIV. US youth living with HIV (YLWH) have poorer outcomes compared with adults, including lower rates of diagnosis, engagement, retention, and virologic suppression. With Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (ATN) support, new trials of youth-centered interventions to improve retention in care and medication adherence among YLWH are underway. Objective: This study aimed to use a computer simulation model, the Cost-Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications (CEPAC)-Adolescent Model, to evaluate selected ongoing and forthcoming ATN interventions to improve viral load suppression among YLWH and to define the benchmarks for uptake, effectiveness, durability of effect, and cost that will make these interventions clinically beneficial and cost-effective. Methods: This protocol, ATN 161, establishes the ATN Modeling Core. The Modeling Core leverages extensive data-already collected by successfully completed National Institutes of Health-supported studies-to develop novel approaches for modeling critical components of HIV disease and care in YLWH. As new data emerge from ongoing ATN trials during the award period about the effectiveness of novel interventions, the CEPAC-Adolescent simulation model will serve as a flexible tool to project their long-term clinical impact and cost-effectiveness. The Modeling Core will derive model input parameters and create a model structure that reflects key aspects of HIV acquisition, progression, and treatment in YLWH. The ATN Modeling Core Steering Committee, with guidance from ATN leadership and scientific experts, will select and prioritize specific model-based analyses as well as provide feedback on derivation of model input parameters and model assumptions. Project-specific teams will help frame research questions for model-based analyses as well as provide feedback regarding project-specific inputs, results, sensitivity analyses, and policy conclusions. Results: This project was funded as of September 2017. Conclusions: The ATN Modeling Core will provide critical information to guide the scale-up of ATN interventions and the translation of ATN data into policy recommendations for YLWH in the United States.
title: Giovani e Longevi insieme per promuovere la salute
Creators: name: Pili, Roberto
name: Carrogu, Gian Pietro
name: Gaviano, Luca
name: Petretto, Donatella Rita
Publisher: name: UNICApress
Year: 2023

description: I recenti eventi legati alla diffusione della Pandemia da Covid-19 impongono sempre più pressanti riflessioni sulla promozione della salute, della lunga e buona vita e sull’organizzazione di interventi mirati alla prevenzione delle patologie. È ormai assodato che la promozione della salute si concretizzi in azioni quotidiane individuali e collettive che consentono ad ogni singola persona di vivere in una condizione di benessere e buona qualità di vita, anche in presenza di eventuali patologie; un ruolo importante in questo ambito venga svolto dal concetto di dieta in senso lato che comprende non solo l’alimentazione ma quell’intreccio biopsicosociale tra stili di vita, attività fisica, alimentazione e relazionalità. Nonostante questa consapevolezza apparentemente diffusa, assistiamo ad uno scarto tra progressivo aumento dell’aspettativa di vita a livello mondiale e aspettativa di vita in salute; il progressivo invecchiamento della popolazione si associa ad una sempre maggiore diffusione di “patologie non trasmissibili”, che guarda caso hanno alla loro base proprio un ruolo centrale della dieta, in quel senso ampio appena descritto. L’Europa, l’Italia e la Sardegna in particolare rappresentano degli osservatori privilegiati perchè da un lato si caratterizzano per un più veloce invecchiamento della popolazione (frutto dell’intreccio tra variabili genetiche, costituzionali, sanitari e scelte comportamentali) ma anche da una progressiva transizione alimentare che influenza notevolmente la diffusione di patologie non trasmissibili soprattutto in alcune fasce più esposte della popolazione.
A New Diagnostic of Magnetic Field Strengths in Radiatively-Cooled Shocks
Creators: name: Hartigan, P.
name: Wright, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that it is possible to measure Alfvénic Mach numbers, defined as the shock velocity in the flow divided by the Alfvén velocity, for low-velocity (V$_{shock}$ $\lesssim$ 100 km$\,$s$^{-1}$) radiative shocks. The method combines observations of bright forbidden lines with a measure of the size of the cooling zone, the latter typically obtained from spatial separation between the Balmer emission lines and the forbidden lines. Because magnetic fields become compressed as gas in the postshock region cools, even relatively weak preshock magnetic fields can be detected with this method. We derive analytical formulae that explain how the spatial separations relate to emission-line ratios, and compute a large grid of radiatively-cooled shock models to develop diagnostic diagrams that can be used to derive Alfvénic Mach numbers in flows. Applying the method to existing data for a bright knot in the HH 111 jet, we obtain a relatively low Alfvénic Mach number of $\sim$ 2, indicative of a magnetized jet that has super-magnetosonic velocity perturbations within it.
description: Accepted by ApJ
On the argument of $L$-functions
Creators: name: Carneiro, Emanuel
name: Finder, Renan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M06, 11M26, 11M36, 11M41, 41A30

description: For $L(\cdot,π)$ in a large class of $L$-functions, assuming the generalized Riemann hypothesis, we show an explicit bound for the function $S_1(t,π)=\frac{1}π\int_{1/2}^\infty\log|L(σ+it,π)|\,dσ$, expressed in terms of its analytic conductor. This enables us to give an alternative proof of the most recent (conditional) bound for $S(t,π)=\frac{1}π \,arg\,L(\tfrac12+it,π)$, which is the derivative of $S_1(\cdot,π)$ at $t$.
description: 12 pages
Sexual Partner Types and Incident HIV Infection among Rural South African Adolescent Girls and Young Women Enrolled in HPTN 068: A Latent Class Analysis
Creators: name: Nguyen, Nadia
name: Hughes, James P.
name: Kahn, Kathleen
name: Twine, Rhian
name: MacPhail, Catherine
name: Pettifor, Audrey
name: Miller, William C.
name: Howard, Annie Green
name: Halpern, Carolyn T.
name: Wang, Jing
name: Gomez-Olive, Xavier
name: Powers, Kimberly A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Background:Sexual partners are the primary source of incident HIV infection among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa. Identifying partner types at greatest risk of HIV transmission could guide the design of tailored HIV prevention interventions.Methods:We conducted a secondary analysis of data from AGYW (aged 13-23 years) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of cash transfers for HIV prevention in South Africa. Annually, AGYW reported behavioral and demographic characteristics of their 3 most recent sexual partners, categorized each partner using prespecified labels, and received HIV testing. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify partner types from reported characteristics, and generalized estimating equations to estimate the relationship between both LCA-identified and prespecified partner types and incident HIV infection.Results:Across 2140 AGYW visits, 1034 AGYW made 2968 partner reports and 63 AGYW acquired HIV infection. We identified 5 LCA partner types, which we named monogamous HIV-negative peer partner; one-time protected in-school peer partner; out-of-school older partner; anonymous out-of-school peer partner; and cohabiting with children in-school peer partner. Compared to AGYW with only monogamous HIV-negative peer partners, AGYW with out-of-school older partners had 2.56 times the annual risk of HIV infection (95% confidence interval: 1.23 to 5.33), whereas AGYW with anonymous out-of-school peer partners had 1.72 times the risk (95% confidence interval: 0.82 to 3.59). Prespecified partner types were not associated with incident HIV.Conclusion:By identifying meaningful combinations of partner characteristics and predicting the corresponding risk of HIV acquisition among AGYW, LCA-identified partner types may provide new insights for the design of tailored HIV prevention interventions.
Size scaling of self gravitating polymers and strings
Creators: name: Kawamoto, Shoichi
name: Matsuo, Toshihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a statistical ensemble of a single polymer with self gravitational interaction. This is a model of a gravitating string --- the precursor of a black hole. We analyze averaged sizes by mean field approximations with an effective Hamiltonian a la Edwards with Newtonian potential as well as a contact repulsive interaction. We find that there exists a certain scaling region where the attractive and the repulsive forces balance out. The repulsive interaction pushes the critical gravitational coupling to a larger value, at which the size of a polymer becomes comparable to its Schwarzschild radius, and as a result the size of the corresponding black hole increases considerably. We show phase diagrams in various dimensions that clarify how the size changes as the strengths of repulsive and gravitational forces vary.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures; ver 2, discussion in Sec 2 has been extended and reorganized. Figures are added to illustrate the size scalings with respect to the couplings. Ver 3. Typos corrected. Final version to appear in PTEP
Prediction of HIV transmission cluster growth with statewide surveillance data
Creators: name: Powers, Kimberly A.
name: Miller, William C.
name: Mobley, Victoria L.
name: Pasquale, Dana K.
name: Dennis, Ann M.
name: Billock, Rachael M.
name: Samoff, Erika
name: Eron, Joseph J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Background:Prediction of HIV transmission cluster growth may help guide public health action. We developed a predictive model for cluster growth in North Carolina (NC) using routine HIV surveillance data.Methods:We identified putative transmission clusters with ≥2 members through pairwise genetic distances ≤1.5% from HIV-1 pol sequences sampled November 2010-December 2017 in NC. Clusters established by a baseline of January 2015 with any sequences sampled within 2 years before baseline were assessed for growth (new diagnoses) over 18 months. We developed a predictive model for cluster growth incorporating demographic, clinical, temporal, and contact tracing characteristics of baseline cluster members. We internally and temporally externally validated the final model in the periods January 2015-June 2016 and July 2016-December 2017.Results:Cluster growth was predicted by larger baseline cluster size, shorter time between diagnosis and HIV care entry, younger age, shorter time since the most recent HIV diagnosis, higher proportion with no named contacts, and higher proportion with HIV viremia. The model showed areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves of 0.82 and 0.83 in the internal and temporal external validation samples.Conclusions:The predictive model developed and validated here is a novel means of identifying HIV transmission clusters that may benefit from targeted HIV control resources. © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Randomized Controlled Pilot Study of Antiretrovirals and a Behavioral Intervention for Persons with Acute HIV Infection: Opportunity for Interrupting Transmission
Creators: name: Chen, Jane S.
name: Powers, Kimberly A.
name: Phiri, Sam
name: Rutstein, Sarah E.
name: Hosseinipour, Mina C.
name: Nsona, Dominic
name: Chege, Wairimu
name: Pettifor, Audrey
name: Pasquale, Dana K.
name: Hoffman, Irving F.
name: Golin, Carol E.
name: Rucinski, Katherine B.
name: Eron, Joseph J.
name: Miller, William C.
name: Dennis, Ann M.
name: Kamanga, Gift
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Background. Persons with acute HIV infection (AHI) have heightened transmission risk. We evaluated potential transmission reduction using behavioral and biomedical interventions in a randomized controlled pilot study in Malawi. Methods. Persons were randomized 1:2:2 to standard counseling (SC), 5-session behavioral intervention (BI), or behavioral intervention plus 12 weeks of antiretrovirals (ARVs; BIA). All were followed for 26-52 weeks and, regardless of arm, referred for treatment according to Malawi-ARV guidelines. Participants were asked to refer partners for testing. Results. Among 46 persons (9 SC, 18 BI, 19 BIA), the average age was 28; 61% were male. The median viral load (VL) was 5.9 log copies/mL at enrollment. 67% (10/15) of BIA participants were suppressed (<1000 copies/mL) at week 12 vs 25% BI and 50% SC (P = .07). Although the mean number of reported condomless sexual acts in the past week decreased from baseline across all arms (1.5 vs 0.3 acts), 36% experienced incident sexually transmitted infection by 52 weeks (12% SC, 28% BI, 18% BIA). Forty-one percent (19/46) of participants referred partners (44% SC, 44% BI, 37% BIA); 15 of the partners were HIV-infected. Conclusions. Diagnosis of AHI facilitates behavioral and biomedical risk reduction strategies during a high-transmission period that begins years before people are typically identified and started on ARVs. Sexually transmitted infection incidence in this cohort suggests ongoing risk behaviors, reinforcing the importance of early intervention with ARVs to reduce transmission. Early diagnosis coupled with standard AHI counseling and early ARV referral quickly suppresses viremia, may effectively change behavior, and could have tremendous public health benefit in reducing onward transmission.
title: Field techniques comic-style factsheets
Creators: name: D., Iffland
Publisher: name: Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia)
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: EARTH SCIENCES
subject: EDUCATION
subject: GEOCHEMISTRY
subject: GEOPHYSICS
subject: GEOLOGY
subject: EFTF
subject: GKS
subject: Geoscience Knowledge Sharing
subject: Land Access
subject: Field Work
subject: Exploring for the Future
subject: Published_External

description: This collection of documents detail various field techniques and processes that GA conduct. They are in conjunction with a series of Field Activity Technique Engagement Animations. The target audience are the communities that are impacted by our data acquisition activities. Field techniques in this collection include; • AEM fixed wing • AEM Helicopter • Borehole Geophysics • Goundwater sampling • Magnetotelluric (MT) surveys • Passive seismic surveys • Rapid Deployment Kits (RDKs) • Reflection seismic surveys • Surface Magnetic Resonance (SMR) surveys • Stratigraphic drilling
Involving both parents in hiv prevention during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Creators: name: Zimba, Chifundo
name: Mutalae, Wilbroad
name: Mollan, Katie R.
name: Maman, Suzanne
name: Powers, Kimberly A.
name: Chi, Benjamin H.
name: Stringer, Jeffrey SA
name: Kasaro, Margaret
name: Mweemba, Oliver
name: Rosenberg, Nora E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Over the past decade, services to prevent
mother-to-child transmission
(PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) have expanded rapidly,
resulting in reductions in paediatric
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS) worldwide.1 However, although
an emerging literature demonstrates
high maternal HIV incidence during
pregnancy and breastfeeding,2 efforts
have not focused as much on preventing
new infections among pregnant women
or their partners. Although recent
World Health Organization (WHO)
recommendations for pre-exposure
prophylaxis are encouraging,3 in sub-
Saharan Africa, few – if any – structured
interventions are offered to women or
their partners during pregnancy and
breastfeeding. Most women who access
PMTCT care test HIV-negative and for
most, engagement in HIV prevention
typically ends with individual post-test
counselling. To address this gap, we
describe a framework to guide HIV prevention
efforts for pregnant or breastfeeding
women and their partners. This
approach considers the unique characteristics
of pregnancy, including healthseeking
behaviours of women and
engagement of male partners, to stratify
couples according to HIV transmission
and acquisition risk. The approach also
leverages the robust infrastructure of
existing PMTCT programmes and integrates
it within the broader context of
general HIV prevention.
Implementação de um teste de aleatoriedade para avaliar um algoritmo de criptografia baseado em caos
Creators: name: Larsen, Bruno Piazera
name: Machicao, Jeaneth
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: chaos theory
randomness test
cryptography

description: Resumo também pode ser encontrado no caderno de resumos (page 62) Atualmente, criptograa é uma das melhores maneras manter a privacidade pessoal, especialmente dada a quantidade de informações enviadas pela internet. Para que a privacidade de todos os usuários possa ser mantida, os sistemas criptogracos em uso precisam ser muito bem analisados e testados. O objetivo desse projeto é estudar, e implementar, um teste de aleatoriedade novo - baseado no teste baseado na distribuição de intermitencias, desenvolvido por S. Zhu (1) - para ser usado em conjunto com testes famosos na literatura (dieharder e NIST) e se assegurar de que os sistemas criptogracos atuais são, realmente, conaveis. Posteriormente, espera-se implementar um sistema criptograco baseado em teoria do caos, capaz de passar pelos testes com altas notas. O sistema criptograco sera baseado no deep zoom do mapa logistico que, como demonstrado por Odemir Bruno e Jeaneth Machicao, deve ser uma base solida por apresentar varias caracteristicas de aleatoriedde.(2) Para essa apresentação, apenas o teste de aleatoriedade pode ser implementado e obter resultados preliminares a tempo, devido a necessidade de fazer um codigo robusto e muito preciso, para que o sistema caotico possa ser repetido em qualquer computador, e possa ser usado para enviar dados. No entanto, os resultados preliminares parecem indicar que o teste sendo desenvolvido é mais sensivel que outros testes comuns na literatura. 1 ZHU, S. A randomness test based on the distribution of position for pre-specied pattern. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER SCIENCE AND MECHANICAL AUTOMATION, Hangzhou, 2015. Proceedings... Washington, DC: CPS, 2015. p.166-169. 2 MACHICAO, J.; BRUNO, O. M. Improving the pseudo-randomness properties of chaotic maps using deep-zoom. Chaos, v. 27, n. 5, p. 053116-1-053116-14, 2017.
description: Poster presented by Bruno Piazera Larsen during VIII Semana Integrada de Graduação e Pós-Graduação do Instituto de Física de São Carlos (SIFSC)
Transcriptomic analysis of human retinal detachment (RD) reveals both inflammation and photoreceptor death
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2012
Subjects: Transcriptome or Gene expression
Multiisolate

description: We have used surgical specimens to perform a differential analysis of the transcriptome of human retinal tissues following detachment.Data analysis reveals major involvement of the immune response in the disease and interindividual variation was monitored to unravel a second crucial aspect of the pathological process, the death of photoreceptor cells.Overall design: In total 38 surgical specimens (samples) were analyzed, 19 represent biopsies from patients with retinal detachment (RD) and 19 represent contral samples without retinal detachment.
Enterococcus faecium LCT-EF90 Genome sequencing
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2012
Subjects: Genome sequencing and assembly
Monoisolate

description: Enterococcus faecium is a Gram-positive, alpha hemolytic or nonhemolytic bacterium in the genus Enterococcus. It can be commensal (innocuous, coexisting organism) in the human intestine, but it may also be pathogenic, causing diseases such as neonatal meningitis.
Does the Collapse of a Supramassive Neutron Star Leave a Debris Disk?
Creators: name: Margalit, Ben
name: Metzger, Brian D.
name: Beloborodov, Andrei M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One possible channel for black hole formation is the collapse of a rigidly rotating massive neutron star as it loses its angular momentum or gains excessive mass through accretion. It was proposed that part of the neutron star may form a debris disk around the black hole. Such short-lived massive disks could be the sources of powerful jets emitting cosmological gamma-ray bursts. Whether the collapse creates a disk depends on the equation of state of the neutron star. We survey a wide range of equations of states allowed by observations and find that disk formation is unfeasible. We conclude that this channel of black hole formation is incapable of producing powerful jets, and discuss implications for models of gamma-ray bursts.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures; Submitted to PRL
Sustained Sexual Behavior Change after Acute HIV Diagnosis in Malawi
Creators: name: Rutstein, Sarah E.
name: Pettifor, Audrey E.
name: Pasquale, Dana K.
name: Massa, Cecilia
name: Dennis, Ann M.
name: Rucinski, Katherine B.
name: Miller, William C.
name: Powers, Kimberly A.
name: Hoffman, Irving F.
name: Kamanga, Gift
name: Nsona, Dominic
name: Phiri, Sam
name: Hosseinipour, Mina C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Background Identification of acute HIV infection (AHI) allows for important opportunities for HIV prevention through behavior change and biomedical intervention. Here, we evaluate changes in sexual risk behaviors among persons with AHI enrolled in a combined behavioral and biomedical intervention designed to reduce onward transmission of HIV. Methods Participants were randomized to standard HIV counseling, a multisession behavioral intervention, or a multisession behavioral intervention plus antiretrovirals. Sexual behaviors were assessed periodically over 1 year. Results Four weeks after diagnosis, the predicted probability of reporting multiple sexual partners decreased from 24% to 9%, and the probability of reporting unprotected sex decreased from 71% to 27%. These declines in sexual risk behaviors were sustained over follow-up irrespective of study arm. Conclusions Diagnosis of AHI alone may be sufficient to achieve immediate and sustained behavior change during this highly infectious period.
Spoc Quéro (qualité éditoriale, référencement et outils)
Creators: name: Bayoux, Basile
name: Huguet, Adèle
name: Cohoner, Véronique
name: Pochet, Bernard
name: Gouzi, Françoise
name: De Ochandiano, Jean-Luc
name: Thomas, Armelle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Quéro, science ouverte, édition scientifique ouverte, modèle diamant, bonnes pratiques

description: Le Spoc Quéro (qualité éditoriale, référencement et outils) est une formation en ligne certifiante permettant d’acquérir ou d’enrichir des compétences dans le domaine de l’édition de revues scientifiques en accès ouvert. Disponible sur la plateforme Callisto depuis la fin de l’année 2021, il est composé de 7 modules d’apprentissage. Pour plus d'informations et pour s'inscrire : https://callisto-formation.fr/?theme=boostplus_c05&redirect=0. Rédaction : Basile Bayoux (université Jean Moulin Lyon 3), Véronique Cohoner (MSH Ange Guépin), Françoise Gouzi (université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès), Jean-Luc de Ochandiano (université Jean Moulin Lyon 3), Bernard Pochet (université de Liège), Armelle Thomas (MSH Dijon).
Repeat Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing by Transmission Risk Group and Rurality of Residence in North Carolina
Creators: name: Cope, Anna B.
name: Samoff, Erika
name: Hurt, Christopher B.
name: Powers, Kimberly A.
name: Sampson, Lynne A.
name: Billock, Rachael M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Background Understanding of repeat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing (RHT) is limited and the impact of rural residence as a potential barrier to RHT is unknown. Rural populations are of particular interest in the Southeastern United States because of their disproportionate HIV burden. Methods We used HIV surveillance data from publicly funded HIV testing sites in North Carolina to assess repeat testing by transmission risk group and residential rurality in a retrospective cohort study. Linear binomial regression models were used to estimate adjusted, 1-year cumulative incidences and cumulative incidence differences comparing RHT within transmission risk populations by level of rurality. Results In our total study population of 600,613 persons, 19,275 (3.2%) and 9567 (1.6%) self-identified as men who have sex with men (MSM) and persons who inject drugs (PWID), respectively. A small minority, 13,723 (2.3%) resided in rural ZIP codes. Men who have sex with men were most likely to repeat test (unadjusted, 1-year cumulative incidence after an initial negative test, 16.4%) compared with PWID (13.2%) and persons who did not identify as either MSM or PWID (13.6%). The greatest effect of rurality was within PWID; the adjusted, 1-year cumulative incidence of RHT was 6.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.4-11.4) percentage points higher among metropolitan versus rural PWID. Conclusions One-year cumulative incidence of RHT was low among all clients of publicly funded HIV testing sites in North Carolina, including MSM and PWID for whom annual testing is recommended. Our findings suggest a need for public health efforts to increase access to and support for RHT, particularly among rural PWID.
Transcriptome of the septic shock after treatment by activated protein C (Xigris)
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2011
Subjects: Transcriptome or Gene expression
Multiisolate

description: Septic shock by pneumopathy was studied in prospective way in 20 patients before and after respective treatment by activated protein C (Xigris). Initial blood samples were taken within 12 hours of diagnosis and the resulting transcritomes were compared to samples drawn after respective treatment.keywords: patient cohort study, septic shock, transcription-profile, bloodOverall design: In total 20 patients were tested before and after specific treatment.
Transcriptome of the septic shock
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2011
Subjects: Transcriptome or Gene expression
Multiisolate

description: Septic shock by pneumopathy was studied in prospective way in 20 patients and compared to normal blood. Blood samples were taken within 12 hours of diagnosis and the resulting transcritomes were compared to 42 normal control samples (selected samples from series GSE10715, GSE12711, GSE16728 and GSE7400).keywords: patient cohort study, septic shock, transcription-profile, bloodOverall design: In total 20 patients were tested before specific treatment and compared to 42 control samples.
Electric field unbinding of solid-supported lipid multilayers
Creators: name: Constantin, Doru
name: Ollinger, Christoph
name: Vogel, Michael
name: Salditt, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied by X-ray reflectivity the behaviour of fully hydrated solid-supported lipid multilayers under the influence of a transverse electric field, under conditions routinely used in the electroformation process. The kinetics of sample loss (unbinding) was measured as a function of the amplitude and frequency of the applied field by monitoring the integrated intensity of the Bragg peaks. We also performed a time-resolved analysis of the intensity of the first Bragg peak and characterized the final state of the sample.