cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Disequilibrium Play in Tennis
Creators: name: Anderson, Axel
name: Rosen, Jeremy
name: Rust, John
name: Wong, Kin-Ping
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: tennis
games
Nash equilibrium
Minimax theorem
constant sum games
mixed strategies
dynamic directional games
binary Markov games
dynamic programming
structural estimation
muscle memory

description: Are the serves of the world’s best tennis pros consistent with the theoretical prediction of Nash equilibrium in mixed strategies? We analyze their serve direction choices (to the returner’s left, right or body) with data from an online database called the Match Charting Project. Using a new methodology, we test and decisively reject a key implication of a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium, namely, that the probability of winning a service game is the same for all serve directions. We also use dynamic programming (DP) to numerically solve for the best-response serve strategies to probability models of service game outcomes estimated for individual server-returner pairs, such as Novak Djokovic serving to Rafael Nadal. We show that for most elite pro servers, the DP serve strategy significantly increases their service game win probability compared to the mixed strategies they actually use, which we estimate using flexible reduced-form logit models. Stochastic simulations verify that our results are robust to estimation error.
Short Term Political Memory and the Inevitability of Polarization
Creators: name: Levy, Gilat
name: Razin, Ronny
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: economics

description: In this paper we explore the effect of short memories on political outcomes in a model in which politics is viewed as a collective learning process . We analyse a dynamic model in which voters use past observations to learn about the optimal policy and political parties are self-interested, with polarised ideal policies. Voters balance party loyalty with a desire to vote for the party whose policy is based on a better interpretation of past observations. We show that short-term memory leads to political cycles of polarisation and convergence. Historical periods of convergence lead parties to polarise, whereas periods of polarisation imply convergence of platforms. Our framework also allows us to model the strategic use of biased histories and narratives in political competition, such as the use of nostalgia.
title: 2. Teil (04.06.1991): Vorgespräch mit Helmut Langer
Creators: name: Forschungsbibliothek Gotha
Publisher: name: Universität Erfurt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atlaskartographie
subject: DDR-Verlagswesen
subject: Kartographie
subject: Topographischer Dienst
subject: Tourist-Verlag
subject: VEB Hermann Haack
subject: Wende in der DDR
subject: Projekt Kartenmacher aus Gotha
subject: 900

description: Projekt „Die Kartenmacher aus Gotha“: Audiovisuelles Rohmaterial 1959-2015
description: Vorgespräch mit Helmut Langer, 1991
title: The impact of regulation on money market funds
Creators: name: Aftab, Zary
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: This dissertation comprises three empirical studies that aim to investigate the role of financial regulation in curtailing the systemic risk posed by shadow banks. The focus of this work is on money market funds (MMFs), a type of shadow bank. In the first empirical study, we examine prime MMFs after the introduction of the minimum liquidity requirements mandated in the 2010 Amendments to rule 2a-7 of the US Investment Company Act of 1940. We show that liquidity requirements have considerably increased the resilience of prime funds. We also show that funds increase their liquidity to meet expected redemptions. But liquidity does not shelter risky funds from lower inflows in a crisis. In the second empirical study, we assess the response of MMFs and their investors to the 2016 Amendments to rule 2a-7. We show that following the segregation of retail and institutional prime MMFs required by the new rules, these funds have become different in their liquidity positions, maturity structure, competitiveness and risk management. Institutional prime MMFs maintain higher liquidity and tend to increase their liquidity actively as they increase the credit risk of their portfolios. On the contrary, retail prime MMFs have become more relaxed in their liquidity management, possibly because of lower market discipline that was previously enforced by the presence of institutional investors in their shareholder mix. In the third study, we look at the changes in MMFs after the introduction of floating net asset value (NAV) requirements as mandated by the 2016 Amendments. We show that the floating NAV is seen by institutional investors as a new indicator of performance that they utilize to make investment decisions. Institutional investors prefer funds that maintain higher NAV in order to benefit from capital gains. Furthermore, we observe that to increase NAV, funds tend to keep liquidity low, invest in longer maturity, higher risk securities. So, to boost NAV a fund must take on more risk, which could lead to amplification of risk during crisis periods.
title: Characterising the influence of different wheat cultivar rhizospheres on variations in microbiome diversity and functionality
Creators: name: Al Zadjali, Mahira
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: In agricultural systems plant diseases caused by soil borne fungi are regarded as the most devastating. Wheat is recognized as an important crop worldwide, but it is highly susceptible to Take-all disease caused by the soil ascomycete fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt). Interest in biological control of Take-all has increased due to a lack of resistant wheat cultivars and chemical pesticides. Although this disease has been extensively studied it is still regarded as an excellent model for biological control of plant root diseases. Pseudomonas bacteria in the P. fluorescens complex are well recognized for their plant growth promoting and disease suppressive properties and they can often be found to be prevalent in controlling Take all. In this work Pseudomonas isolates from the rhizosphere and endosphere of two wheat varieties, Hereward High Take-all Build up (H-TAB) and Cadenza Low Take-all Build up (L-TAB) were investigated. These isolates were screened for the presence or absence of two rhizosphere fitness loci, wsm and fecB, involved in host recognition and iron acquisition, respectively. It was found that these loci were significantly differentially associated with the two wheat cultivars where wsm was more abundant within the Hereward isolates while the fecB was found more within the Cadenza isolates. In addition, these isolates were tested for their in vitro inhibition of Ggt, which led to the identification of six strong Ggt growth inhibition isolates. Furthermore, testing these antagonistic isolates in the presence of the plant revealed that isolate 25R-7 was able to reduce the number of infected roots on Cadenza, while isolate 30R-11 reduced the number of infected roots on Hereward. Overall, the mixture of the six strong isolates reduced the number of infected roots in both cultivars more than that of individual strains. In addition the structure of bacterial communities associated with five wheat varieties (two L-TAB and three H-TAB) along with one barley (Unknown iii TAB) grown continually at the same site in three fields for a period of 5 years were investigated. The main difference in the structure of bacterial communities was based on field type and the rhizosphere samples separated well from those of bulk soil. Overall, no significant differences were found between the cultivars over time. The soil DNA concentrations of Ggt along with the soil DNA concentrations of bacteria, Pseudomonas and fungi were also studied from the same treatments. Year-to-year variation was the major factor in determining the amount of bacterial, Pseudomonas, fungal and Ggt DNA in the three fields.
An integrated approach to uncover in an unbiased way a robust SNP signature characterizing Alzheimer’s disease
Creators: name: Squillario, Margherita
name: Tomasi, Federico
name: Tozzo, Veronica
name: Uberti, Daniela
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: Objectives:
In this work our goal is to identify and validate a robust SNP signature, able to accurately characterize Alzheimer’s disease. We perform and compare the results deriving from three different type of analysis based on SNP or gene or pathway. We consider the ADNI1 and ADNI2 dataset, that includes 620.901 and 728.474 SNPs from 393 samples and 218 samples respectively.
Methods:
ADNI1 and ADNI2 datasets were analyzed: i) considering each SNP individually (SNP-based approach), ii) grouping the SNPs to the corresponding genes (Gene-based approach) and iii) grouping the SNPs to the genes, and then grouping these to the corresponding pathways (Pathway-based approach). To obtain the results of SNP-based approach we used our machine learning python framework PALLADIO, with a python implementation of the elastic net algorithm. Gene-based approach used SKAT method, implemented in R, while in the Pathway-based approach (REACTOME) we applied Group Lasso. Furthermore in the SNP and Pathway-based approaches we analyzed the data considering a new data representation other than the usual 0,1,2 SNP code. In both databases, we performed a binary classification considering two different labels: i) the number of copies of APOE4 allele or ii) the number of cases and controls.
Results:
All the signatures identified in one dataset were successfully validated in the other dataset. For example, the analysis of ADNI1 dataset on APOE4 classification gave a statistically significant signature characterized by 39 SNPs harbored on 47 genes or intergenic regions. This was validated in ADNI2 dataset, with 74% of balanced accuracy and p-value << 0.001.
Conclusions: This integrated approach is capable to characterize a global signature that provides a clearer picture of the AD complexity.
Price Experimentation in Confidential Negotiations
Creators: name: Lee, Jangwoo
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: economics

description: I develop a model in which a long-lived seller concurrently negotiates with multiple long-lived buyers over two periods. Within this framework, I consider two protocols: a public negotiation process and a confidential negotiation process. In the confidential negotiation process, buyers competitively engage in “price experimentation”: they sacrifice initial profits so that they can enjoy informational advantages over competitors later. Due to this channel, the seller benefits from (1) maintaining confidentiality over past offers and (2) reducing the number of buyers in the confidential negotiation process, even without any entry cost.
Quantification of segregation dynamics in ice mixtures
Creators: name: Öberg, Karin I.
name: Fayolle, Edith C.
name: Cuppen, Herma M.
name: van Dishoeck, Ewine F.
name: Linnartz, Harold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) The observed presence of pure CO2 ice in protostellar envelopes is attributed to thermally induced ice segregation, but a lack of quantitative experimental data has prevented its use as a temperature probe. Quantitative segregation studies are also needed to characterize diffusion in ices, which underpins all ice dynamics and ice chemistry. This study aims to quantify the segregation mechanism and barriers in different H2O:CO2 and H2O:CO ice mixtures covering a range of astrophysically relevant ice thicknesses and mixture ratios. The ices are deposited at 16-50 K under (ultra-)high vacuum conditions. Segregation is then monitored at 23-70 K as a function of time, through infrared spectroscopy. Thin (8-37 ML) H2O:CO2/CO ice mixtures segregate sequentially through surface processes, followed by an order of magnitude slower bulk diffusion. Thicker ices (>100 ML) segregate through a fast bulk process. The thick ices must therefore be either more porous or segregate through a different mechanism, e.g. a phase transition. The segregation dynamics of thin ices are reproduced qualitatively in Monte Carlo simulations of surface hopping and pair swapping. The experimentally determined surface-segregation rates for all mixture ratios follow the Ahrrenius law with a barrier of 1080[190] K for H2O:CO2 and 300[100] K for H2O:CO mixtures. During low-mass star formation H2O:CO2 segregation will be important already at 30[5] K. Both surface and bulk segregation is proposed to be a general feature of ice mixtures when the average bond strengths of the mixture constituents in pure ice exceeds the average bond strength in the ice mixture.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 25 pages, including 13 figures
title: 3. Teil (04.06.1991): Vorgespräch mit Helmut Langer
Creators: name: Forschungsbibliothek Gotha
Publisher: name: Universität Erfurt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Kartenherstellung
subject: VEB Hermann Haack
subject: Verlagsgeschichte Perthes
subject: Wende in der DDR
subject: Projekt Kartenmacher aus Gotha
subject: 900

description: Projekt „Die Kartenmacher aus Gotha“: Audiovisuelles Rohmaterial 1959-2015
description: Vorgespräch mit Helmut Langer, 1991
Measuring Corporate Bond Market Dislocations
Creators: name: Boyarchenko, Nina
name: Crump, Richard K.
name: Kovner, Anna
name: Shachar, Or
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: economics

description: We propose the Corporate Bond Market Distress Index (CMDI) to quantify corporate bond market dislocations in real time. The index takes a preponderance-of-metrics perspective to combine a broad set of measures of market functioning from primary and secondary markets but not driven by any one statistic. We document that the index correctly identifies periods of dislocations and predicts future realizations of commonly-used measures of market distress, while the converse is not the case. Moreover, theCMDI is an economically and statistically significant predictor of future economic activity, even after controlling for standard predictors, including credit spreads.
Speciation due to hybrid necrosis in plant-pathogen models
Creators: name: Ispolatov, I.
name: Doebeli, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We develop a model for speciation due to postzygotic incompatibility generated by autoimmune reactions. The model is based on predator-prey interactions between a host plants and their pathogens. Such interactions are often frequency-dependent, so that pathogen attack is focused on the most abundant plant phenotype, while rare plant types may escape pathogen attack. Thus, frequency dependence can generate disruptive selection, which can give rise to speciation if distant phenotypes become reproductively isolated. Based on recent experimental evidence from {\it Arabidopsis}, we assume that at the molecular level, incompatibility between strains is caused by epistatic interactions between two proteins in the plant immune system, the guard and the guardee. Within each plant strain, immune reactions occur when the guardee protein is modified by a pathogen effector, and the guard subsequently binds to the guardee, thus precipitating an immune response. However, when guard and guardee proteins come from phenotypically distant parents, a hybrid's immune system can be triggered by erroneous interactions between these proteins even in the absence of pathogen attack, leading to severe autoimmune reactions in hybrids. Our model shows how phenotypic variation generated by frequency-dependent host-pathogen interactions can lead to postzygotic incompatibility between extremal types, and hence to speciation.
description: 21 page, 3 figures
title: The distributed p-median problem in computer networks
Creators: name: Al-Dabbagh, Anas
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: The exponential growth of the Internet over the last decades has led to a significant evolution of the network services and applications. One of the challenges is to provide better services scalability by placing service replica in appropriate network locations. Finding the optimal solution to the facility location problem is particularly complex and is not feasible for large scale systems. Locating facilities in near-optimal locations have been extensively studied in many works and for different application domains. This work investigates one of the most notable problems in facility location, i.e. the p-median problem, which locates p facilities with a minimum overall communication cost. All previous studies on the p-median problem used a centralised approach to find the near-optimal solution. In this case the required information needs to be collected in order to apply a sequential algorithm to find a solution. The centralised approach is infeasible in large-scale networks due to the time and space complexity of the sequential algorithms as well as the large communication cost and latency to aggregate the global information. Therefore, this work investigates the p-median problem in a distributed environment. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first work to study the distributed pmedian problem for large-scale computer networks. Solving the p-median problem in a fully distributed way is a challenging task due to the lack of global knowledge and of a centralised coordinator. Two new approaches for solving the p-median problem in a distributed environment are proposed in this thesis. Both are designed to be executed without any centralised collection of the data in a single node. These methods apply an iterative heuristic approach to improve a random initial solution and to converge to a final solution with a local minimum of the cost. The first approach builds a global view of the system and improves the current solution by replacing a single facility at each iteration. The second approach, is designed according to the well-known k-medoids clustering algorithm. At each iteration a local view of each cluster is generated and all facilities can be updated to optimise the solution. Both approaches were implemented within the Java-based PeerSim network simulator for investigating the performance in large-scale systems and tested against different parameters such as the size of networks, number of facilities to be placed and different initial solutions. The results have shown that the first protocol is better at addressing locations for facilities since it converges to a lower total cost of the solution than the second protocol. However, the second one is faster in optimising the solution.
Village Lake Louise : a study of public planning
Creators: name: O'Brien, John Joseph
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Public participation is one of the most insistent pressures facing planners as they attempt to draw into their plans the values and perceptions of their clients. In recognition of the desirability of the public playing a role in the planning and management of the National Parks, the Minister introduced the public hearings programme in 1970. While the public hearing was originally used as a forum for public review of the Provisional Master Plans developed for each park as a whole, it was also the mechanism available when it was decided to give the public an opportunity to comment on the master plan for Village Lake Louise. Subsequent to that hearing, the Minister rejected the Village proposal. The methodology pursued in this study has been to postulate a set of criteria upon which one might wish to base a public participation programme. The role of the public in the planning of Village Lake Louise was then analyzed from the perspective of adherence to these criteria. The arguments raised at the Provisional Master Plan hearings about the Village as well as those put forward during the Village Lake Louise hearing were reviewed as a basis upon which this analysis could proceed. The rejection of Village Lake Louise was a negative victory for public participation in that an unacceptable plan was stopped but the mechanism of participation was incapable of producing any alternative solution. The hearing was a confrontation situation between opponents and proponents of the development. The former were faced with accepting, rejecting or proposing modifications to a solution, rather than reviewing a number of alternatives from which they might develop an acceptable resolution to the problem confronted. Only by forcing such a confrontation could the opponents expect alternatives to be considered. A public hearing must be supplemented by other techniques of public participation which would allow for testing plans as they develop from the objectives-setting stage onward. Indeed, problem identification itself is a task to be shared by affected interests and planners. A multi-faceted programme which would allow for a progressively more refined interaction between the public and the planners, rather than a single effort approach is necessary. Such a programme would include a mix of techniques adapted to the particular planning stage, for example, advisory committee(s), workshop/seminars and continuous information flows.
White British Parents’ Perspective on Talking to Children about Race
Creators: name: Payne, Lucy
Publisher: name: University of East London
Year: 2021
Subjects: Racial and Ethnic Socialisation
Parenting
White Parents

description: In the United Kingdom there has been an increase in racially motivated hate crimes, overt racism and far right organisations. This comes after the divisive Brexit vote and an increase in awareness of the Black Lives Matter movement. There continues to be educational, social and health inequalities experienced by Black and Asian communities. These inequalities and experiences of racism can impact the emotional wellbeing and mental health of racialised communities. This raises the question of how racism continues with previous research exploring what White individuals are being taught regarding race to form prejudice opinions. Research in the United States has explored how White parents socialise their children to individuals from different backgrounds including how parents speak about race to their children. Most research has found that White parents are unlikely to have conversations with their children and frequently adopt a colour-blind approach that believes in order to prevent racism we should not be acknowledging or noticing race. This approach has come under criticism as researchers have found that this can perpetuate racism and does not stop children from developing discriminatory beliefs. The political climate in the UK is different to that of the US and therefore this research aimed to explore whether White British parents are having race related discussions with their children, how they are approaching these conversations and what the barriers to these discussions are. Fourteen semi-structured interviews took place with White British parents. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the results. The four themes highlighted influential factors to race discussions, three different approaches to these discussions, and the barriers and potential impacts of having these conversations. Professional implications, limitations of the study and further research are discussed.
title: 4. Teil (04.06.1991): Vorgespräch mit Helmut Langer
Creators: name: Forschungsbibliothek Gotha
Publisher: name: Universität Erfurt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Generalisierung
subject: Justus Perthes Verlag Gotha
subject: Kartenherstellung
subject: Kartentechnik
subject: Kartographiegeschichte
subject: Projekt Kartenmacher aus Gotha
subject: 900

description: Projekt „Die Kartenmacher aus Gotha“: Audiovisuelles Rohmaterial 1959-2015
description: Vorgespräch mit Helmut Langer, 1991
Additional file 1 of Towards improving the identification of anterior cruciate ligament tears in primary point-of-care settings
Creators: name: Whittaker, Jackie L.
name: Chan, Michelle
name: Pan, Bo
name: Hassan, Imran
name: Defreitas, Terry
name: Hui, Catherine
name: Macedo, Luciana
name: Otto, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Included International Classification of Disease 9 Codes.
Cross-Correlation of Diffuse Synchrotron and Large-Scale Structures
Creators: name: Brown, Shea
name: Farnsworth, Damon
name: Rudnick, Lawrence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore for the first time the method of cross-correlation of radio synchrotron emission and tracers of large-scale structure in order to detect the diffuse IGM/WHIM. We performed a cross-correlation of a 34 x 34 degree area of 2MASS galaxies for two redshift slices (0.03 < z < 0.04 and 0.06 < z < 0.07) with the corresponding region of the 1.4 GHz Bonn survey. For this analysis, we assumed that the synchrotron surface brightness is linearly proportional to surface density of galaxies. We also sampled the cross-correlation function using 24 distant fields of the same size from the Bonn survey, to better assess the noise properties. Though we obtained a null result, we found that by adding a signal weighted by the 2MASS image with a filament (peak) surface brightness of 1 (7) mK and 7 (49) mK would produce a 3 sigma positive correlation for the 0.03 < z < 0.04 and 0.06 < z < 0.07 redshift slices respectively. These detection thresholds correspond to minimum energy magnetic fields as low as 0.2 microG, close to some theoretical expectations for filament field values. This injected signal is also below the rms noise of the Bonn survey, and demonstrates the power of this technique and its utility for upcoming sensitive continuum surveys such as GALFACTS at Arecibo and those planned with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA).
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted to MNRAS
The Collateral Link between Volatility and Risk Sharing
Creators: name: Infante, Sebastian
name: Ordonez, Guillermo
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: economics

description: We show that aggregate volatility affects the extent to which agents can share idiosyncratic risks in financial markets. The channel is the valuation of private and public assets, which are both used as collateral in insurance contracts, but are differentially exposed to volatility. While aggregate volatility decreases the value of private assets—they are exposed to more variation—it increases the value of public assets— they become more valuable to smooth consumption intertemporally. Hence, a more volatile economy tends to damage risk sharing when the composition of collateral is biased toward private assets. By endogenizing the creation of private assets, we provide conditions under which more public collateral and more economic stability induce more private issuance, making risk sharing increasingly fragile to volatility shocks. Consistent with the model, we find empirical evidence in the U.S. that a more intense use of private assets increases the sensitivity of risk sharing to aggregate volatility.
title: 5. Teil (04.06.1991): Vorgespräch mit Helmut Langer: Führung durch den Verlag mit Helmut Langer
Creators: name: Forschungsbibliothek Gotha
Publisher: name: Universität Erfurt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atlaskartographie
subject: Handkarten
subject: Hermann Haack
subject: Kartenherstellung
subject: Kartographie
subject: Perthes-Forum/Ahnensaal
subject: Sammlung Perthes Gotha
subject: Projekt Kartenmacher aus Gotha
subject: 900

description: Projekt „Die Kartenmacher aus Gotha“: Audiovisuelles Rohmaterial 1959-2015
description: Vorgespräch mit Helmut Langer, 1991
title: 6. Teil (04.06.1991): Vorgespräch mit Helmut Langer: Führung durch den Verlag mit Helmut Langer, Eberhard Andrießen
Creators: name: Forschungsbibliothek Gotha
Publisher: name: Universität Erfurt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Haack Weltatlas
subject: Sammlung Perthes Gotha
subject: VEB Hermann Haack
subject: Projekt Kartenmacher aus Gotha
subject: 900

description: Projekt „Die Kartenmacher aus Gotha“: Audiovisuelles Rohmaterial 1959-2015
description: Vorgespräch mit Helmut Langer, 1991
Belief Updating: Inference versus Forecast Revision
Creators: name: Fan, Tony Q.
name: Liang, Yucheng
name: Peng, Cameron
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: economics

description: Individual forecasts of economic variables show widespread overreaction to news, but laboratory experiments on belief updating typically find underinference from signals. We provide new experimental evidence to connect these two seemingly inconsistent phenomena. Building on a classic experimental paradigm, we study how people make inferences and revise forecasts in the same information environment. Subjects underreact to signals when inferring about underlying states, but overreact to signals when revising forecasts about future outcomes. This gap in belief updating is largely driven by the use of different simplifying heuristics for the two tasks. Additional treatments link our results to the difficulty of recognizing the conceptual connection between making inferences and revising forecasts.
The Non-U.S. Bank Demand for U.S. Dollar Assets
Creators: name: Adrian, Tobias
name: Xie, Peichu
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: exchange rate disconnect
dollar asset demand
intermediary asset pricing

description: The USD asset share of non-U.S. banks captures the relative demand for USD denominated assets by these investors. An instrumental variable strategy identifies a causal link from the USD asset share to the USD exchange rate. Furthermore, cross-sectional asset pricing tests show that the USD asset share is a highly significant pricing factor for carry trade strategies. The USD asset share also forecasts the movement of foreign currency against U.S. dollar with economically large magnitude, high statistical significance, and large explanatory power, both in sample and out of sample, pointing towards time varying risk premia. It takes 2-5 years for exchange rate risk premia to normalize in response to demand shocks.
A Importância da Personalização dos Programas ABA para Crianças com Autismo
Creators: name: Couto, Zenaide Rodrigues dos Santos
Publisher: name: VISTACIEN REVISTA CIENCIA DO CONHECIMENTO
Year: 2024
Subjects: ABA, Personalização
Autismo
Intervenção
Inovação

description: A personalização dos programas de Análise Comportamental Aplicada (ABA) tem se mostrado uma estratégia crucial para atender às necessidades individuais de crianças com autismo. Este estudo explora a importância da personalização na ABA, examinando seus princípios, benefícios e desafios associados. O objetivo principal é destacar como a adaptação dos programas pode melhorar os resultados no desenvolvimento cognitivo, social e emocional das crianças, ao mesmo tempo em que aborda as técnicas e métodos inovadores utilizados na personalização. A justificativa para este estudo reside na necessidade crescente de abordagens mais individualizadas no tratamento do autismo, uma vez que as técnicas padronizadas frequentemente não atendem a todos os perfis de comportamento e desenvolvimento. A análise revelou que a personalização contribui significativamente para a eficácia dos programas ABA, oferecendo uma abordagem mais centrada no indivíduo que responde às necessidades específicas de cada criança. No entanto, também foram identificados desafios na implementação, como a resistência de famílias e a necessidade de treinamento contínuo para profissionais. Em conclusão, a personalização dos programas ABA não só melhora a qualidade da intervenção, mas também promove uma integração mais eficaz na vida social e familiar das crianças. O estudo sugere que investimentos contínuos em pesquisa e desenvolvimento são essenciais para superar os desafios e aproveitar as inovações tecnológicas emergentes na personalização da ABA.
Asymptotic Scheduling Gains in Point-to-Multipoint Cognitive Networks
Creators: name: Jamal, Nadia
name: Saffar, Hamidreza Ebrahimzadeh
name: Mitran, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 94A15

description: We consider collocated primary and secondary networks that have simultaneous access to the same frequency bands. Particularly, we examine three different levels at which primary and secondary networks may coexist: pure interference, asymmetric co-existence, and symmetric co-existence. At the asymmetric co-existence level, the secondary network selectively deactivates its users based on knowledge of the interference and channel gains, whereas at the symmetric level, the primary network also schedules its users in the same way. Our aim is to derive optimal sum-rates (i.e., throughputs)of both networks at each co-existence level as the number of users grows asymptotically and evaluate how the sum-rates scale with network size. In order to find the asymptotic throughput results, we derive a key lemma on extreme order statistics and a proposition on the sum of lower order statistics. As a baseline comparison, we calculate the sum-rates for channel sharing via time-division (TD). We compare the asymptotic secondary sum-rate in TD with that under simultaneous transmission, while ensuring the primary network maintains the same throughput in both cases. The results indicate that simultaneous transmission at both asymmetric and symmetric co-existence levels can outperform TD. Furthermore, this enhancement is achievable when uplink activation or deactivation of users is based only on the interference gains to the opposite network and not on a network's own channel gains.
description: 15 pages double column, 7 figures .pdf, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
title: The ecotoxicological impact of microplastics on freshwater invertebrates
Creators: name: Al-Jaibachi, Rana Munketh
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: Microplastics (MPs) are small plastic particles released directly from the use of cosmetic products, or indirectly through the degradation of large plastic items under environmental conditions. Microplastics have been found in marine and freshwater environments around the world, raising concerns about the long term impact on animals and ecosystems in addition to recent discoveries of MPs entering the human food chain. The impacts of MP pollution on ecosystems and their functioning remain poorly quantified and there is a paucity of information on the impacts of MPs in freshwater ecosystems, despite the broad range of pathways through which MPs can proliferate and the extensive range of species which actively ingest MPs in these systems. This thesis aims to obtain key data on the uptake, fate and ecotoxicological impact of MPs on freshwater invertebrates. Initially, MP uptake and chronic toxicity tests were gathered by exposing the crustacean water flea Daphnia magna Straus 1820 (Cladocera) to polystyrene MPs of sizes 2 and 15 µm. The endpoints were mortality, growth and number of offspring. The results indicate that D. magna selectively uptake food particles over MPs, and that the toxicity was mainly linked to the availability of food. Moreover, a significant size dependent increase of toxicity was observed, with exposures to 2 µm sized particles being more toxic than 15 µm sized particles. Uptake, fate and toxicity of MPs were also studied in a holometabolous insect by exposing the common house mosquito Cu/ex pipiens Linnaeus 1758 (Diptera) to polystyrene MPs of sizes 2 and 15 µm. Results showed both particle sizes were readily taken up by larval mosquitoes then transferred to the adults via pupae. There were more transfer of MPs size 2 µm compare it to 15 µm without any effecting on mortality and weight of adults. This work is the first to demonstrate that MPs can be transferred ontogenically through organisms with complex life histories, presenting a potential pathway for dispersal of MPs into terrestrial environments. Laboratory studies were followed up with a field study exposing a small freshwater pond community to 15 µm polystyrene MPs. The results show that a high proportion of MPs accumulated in the sediment while only a small amount remained in the water column, with a significant correlation between the number of MPs in the water and the freshwater invertebrate. The presence of MPs had no real impact on the freshwater community, with season being a more important variable. Finally, the predatory ability of non-biting midge larvae, Chaoborus flavicans, towards larvae of C. pipiens mosquitoes loaded with 2 µm was quantitatively examined by linking MP trophic transfer with predation rates in a functional response framework. Results demonstrated a lack of effect of MPs on predation rates and correlation number of MPs transferred through predation.
Scattering by deformed black holes
Creators: name: Magalhães, Renan B.
name: Leite, Luiz C. S.
name: Crispino, Luís C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Obtaining black hole solutions in alternative theories of gravity can be a difficult task due to cumbersome field equations that arise in many of such theories. In order to study the strong field regime in a model-free approach, one can consider deformed black hole solutions with additional parameters beyond mass, charge and angular momentum. We investigate the scattering and absorption of a massless scalar field by non-Schwarzschild black holes, considering the Johannsen and Psaltis parametrization. In particular, we study the scattering process by the classical (null geodesics analysis), semiclassical (glory approximation) and partial waves approaches. We present the formalism needed to compute the scattering and absorption of massless scalar waves by Schwarzschild-like black holes with a set of deformation parameters in addition to their mass and present a selection of our results. We compare our numerical results for the scattering cross section with the classical and semiclassical results, obtaining excellent agreement.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
title: Phytochemicals (Carvacrol and oregano extract) as possible alternatives to antibiotics in poultry feed
Creators: name: Al-Mnaser, Afnan Ahmed
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: Poultry provides an important protein source consumed globally by human population. Simultaneously poultry act as a substantial reservoir of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains including commensal with beneficial roles on poultry health and productivity, and pathogenic not only to poultry but zoonotically to man. This study investigated the role of phytochemicals as possible alternatives to antibiotics and natural anti-bacterial agents to control E. coli; carvacrol oil (the active ingredient of oregano) and oregano oil. The possible anti-E. coli roles of these phytochemicals were associated with missense mutations in marR and cadC genes, mutations in acrA and TolC genes and in ampC, ampH, pbpC and pbpG genes, which are bacterial strategies to overcome antibiotics. A total of 31 representative E. coli strains from 3 different sources of poultry (12 APEC strains, 9 commensal chicken strains, and 10 commensal turkey strains) were shown to be phenotypically and genotypically diverse, and sequentially differentiating between types proved to be difficult. These phytochemicals inhibited the growth and biofilm formation at very low concentrations (MIC values ranging between 0.2 - 0.5µg/ml) in comparison with antibiotics. At sub-MIC levels, these phytochemicals did not induce metabolic changes (SCFAs production) in the E. coli strains, but synergistic interactions between carvacrol and ampicillin were observed in controlling the most ampicillin-resistant E. coli strains. Though, when this combination therapy was investigated using batch culture with chicken caecal content challenged with an ampicillin-resistant APEC strain, it showed an adverse effect. Carvacrol treatment showed positive impact on the bacterial population by enhancing the growth of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus sp. and Lactobacillus salivarius) and bacteria with anti-Salmonella activity (Streptococcus sp. and Coprococcus sp.). Thus, providing evidence that carvacrol as a feed additive might enhance avian gut health by controlling antibiotic-resistant APEC strains, but this needs to be supported by in vivo studies.
On Leveraging Partial Paths in Partially-Connected Networks
Creators: name: Heimlicher, Simon
name: Karaliopoulos, Merkouris
name: Levy, Hanoch
name: Spyropoulos, Thrasyvoulos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mobile wireless network research focuses on scenarios at the extremes of the network connectivity continuum where the probability of all nodes being connected is either close to unity, assuming connected paths between all nodes (mobile ad hoc networks), or it is close to zero, assuming no multi-hop paths exist at all (delay-tolerant networks). In this paper, we argue that a sizable fraction of networks lies between these extremes and is characterized by the existence of partial paths, i.e. multi-hop path segments that allow forwarding data closer to the destination even when no end-to-end path is available. A fundamental issue in such networks is dealing with disruptions of end-to-end paths. Under a stochastic model, we compare the performance of the established end-to-end retransmission (ignoring partial paths), against a forwarding mechanism that leverages partial paths to forward data closer to the destination even during disruption periods. Perhaps surprisingly, the alternative mechanism is not necessarily superior. However, under a stochastic monotonicity condition between current v.s. future path length, which we demonstrate to hold in typical network models, we manage to prove superiority of the alternative mechanism in stochastic dominance terms. We believe that this study could serve as a foundation to design more efficient data transfer protocols for partially-connected networks, which could potentially help reducing the gap between applications that can be supported over disconnected networks and those requiring full connectivity.
description: Extended version of paper appearing at IEEE INFOCOM 2009, April 20-25, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
title: 2. Teil (04.06.1991): Vorgespräch mit Rudolf Habel
Creators: name: Forschungsbibliothek Gotha
Publisher: name: Universität Erfurt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Hermann Haack
subject: Kriegsverluste
subject: Sammlung Perthes Gotha
subject: Schulgeographie
subject: Verlagsgeschichte Perthes (ab 1945)
subject: Projekt Kartenmacher aus Gotha
subject: 900

description: Projekt „Die Kartenmacher aus Gotha“: Audiovisuelles Rohmaterial 1959-2015
description: Vorgespräch mit Rudolf Habel, 1991
title: Seismogenesis at Hikurangi Integrated Research Experiment (SHIRE) onshore seismic acquisition field report
Creators: name: Jacobs, Katie
name: Henrys, Stuart A
name: Okaya, D
name: Van Avendonk, H
name: Black, Jenny
name: Barker, Dan H. N.
name: Karalliyadda, Sapthala C
name: Kurashimo, E
name: Stratford, Wanda R.
name: Savage, M
name: Sullivan, R
name: Bruce, Zane R.
name: Hughes, L
Publisher: name: GNS Science
Year: 2020

description: This report documents the acquisition and archiving of a major controlled source and passive seismic imaging project, the Seismogenesis Hikurangi Integrated Research Experiment (SHIRE). The SHIRE project aims to identify and quantify factors controlling the long-term evolution of the Hikurangi margin and the mode of slip along the subduction megathrust. The components of the data volume were acquired in two phases; between October 2017 – April 2018 (SHIRE I) and February–March 2019 (SHIRE II). The project was conducted by GNS Science; the University of Southern California, USA; the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics, USA; Victoria University of Wellington; and the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan. During SHIRE I, 5489 km of 2D seismic reflection data was collected offshore Bay of Plenty and East Coast by the R/V Marcus G. Langseth, and wide-angle refraction and reflection data were recorded onshore by 89 short-period seismograph sites along a transect from the Bay of Plenty to Gisborne and distributed array throughout the Tairāwhiti / Raukumara Peninsula. In addition, 25 short-period seismometers were located along the Bay of Plenty coast between October–December 2017. The SHIRE I land instruments also recorded signals from the 15 x 60 km volume of 3D seismic reflection data that was collected offshore Gisborne by the R/V Marcus G. Langseth during January 2018, plus four months of local and teleseismic earthquakes. SHIRE II aimed to directly image the crust beneath the Tairāwhiti / Raukumara Peninsula. Five borehole explosive sources were distributed along the central transect. The energy was recorded on 583 temporary seismograph stations comprising 304 vertical component and 269 three-component seismometers. The explosions were detonated during 26–28 February 2019. In addition, 19 SHIRE I 2D array sites were reoccupied for 20 days. The quality of the data recorded was excellent for all the explosion sources. (auth)
How Americans Respond to Idiosyncratic and Exogenous Changes in Household Wealth and Unearned Income
Creators: name: Golosov, Mikhail
name: Graber, Michael
name: Mogstad, Magne
name: Novgorodsky, David
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: economics

description: We study how Americans respond to idiosyncratic and exogenous changes in household wealth and unearned income. Our analyses combine administrative data on U.S. lottery winners with an event-study design that exploits variation in the timing of lottery wins. Our first contribution is to estimate the earnings responses to these windfall gains, finding significant and sizable wealth and income effects. On average, an extra dollar of unearned income in a given period reduces pre-tax labor earnings by about 50 cents, decreases total labor taxes by 10 cents, and increases consumption by 60 cents. These effects are heterogeneous across the income distribution, with households in higher quartiles of the income distribution reducing their earnings by a larger amount. Our second contribution is to develop and apply a rich life-cycle model in which heterogeneous households face non-linear taxes and make earnings choices along both intensive and extensive margins. By mapping this model to our estimated earnings responses, we obtain informative bounds on the impacts of two policy reforms: an introduction of UBI and an increase in top marginal tax rates. Our last contribution is to study how additional wealth and unearned income affect a wide range of behavior, including geographic mobility and neighborhood choice, retirement decisions and labor market exit, family formation and dissolution, entry into entrepreneurship, and job-to-job mobility.