cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ruolo della proteina arginin-metiltrasferasi-5 (PRMT5) nella linfomagenesi B: implicazioni terapeutiche
Creators: name: Alinari, Lapo <1973>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: MED/15 Malattie del sangue

description: Numerosi studi hanno mostrato come i meccanismi epigenetici di regolazione della cromatina svolgano un ruolo centrale nel controllare la trascrizione genica. E’ stato infatti dimostrato che complessi inibitori come SWI/SNF e gli enzimi ad esso associati quali istone deacetilasi (HDAC) e protein arginin-metiltrasferasi (PRMT), siano coinvolti nel controllo della crescita, differenziazione e proliferazione cellulare. Diversi studi hanno mostrato come i meccanismi epigenetici di controllo della trascrizione genica svolgano un ruolo di primo piano nel promuovere la sopravvivenza cellulare in leucemie/linfomi di derivazione dai linfociti B come la leucemia linfatica cronica, il linfoma mantellare ed i linfomi associati al virus di Epstein-Barr (EBV). Tuttavia, molto poco e’ conosciuto circa i meccanismi epigenetici di controllo della trascrizione che divengono operativi e che contribuiscono al processo di trasformazione dei linfociti B. PRMT5 e’ un enzima che di-metila specificamente residui argininici sugli istoni (H) 3 (H3R8) ed 4 (H4R3). PRMT5 ed HDAC lavorano in concerto per reprimere la trascrizione di specifici geni oncosoppressori. In questo progetto sono stati studiati i meccanismi e le conseguenze dell’iperespressione di PRMT5 durante il processo di trasformazione dei linfociti B indotto da EBV, e’ stata dimostrata l’importanza di questo enzima nel processo di trasformazione, e sono stati studiati nuovi metodi per inibirne l’espressione/attivita’. In particolare si e’ dimostrato che l’espressione di PRMT5 e’ ridotta o assente in linfociti B normali (o attivati da stimoli fisiologici) ed elevata in linee cellulari linfoblastoidi immortalizzate o completamente trasformate. Elevati livelli citosolici di PRMT5 sono detectabili dopo 4 giorni dall’infezione di linfociti B normali con EBV, PRMT5 e’ detectabile a livello nucleare, dove esercita la sua funzione repressoria la trascrizione, a partire dal giorno 8. L’utilizzo di specifici small interference RNAs (siRNA) in linee cellulari linfoblastoidi ha permesso di dimostrare la riduzione dell’espressione di PRMT5, la riduzione della metilazione degli istoni target di PRMT5, inibizione della proliferazione cellulare e abbassamento della soglia di sensibilita’ cellulare a stimoli pro-apoptotici. Esperimenti di co-immunoprecipitazione cromatinica hanno permesso di evidenziare che in queste cellule PRMT5 e’ parte di un complesso proteico a funzione inibitoria e che questo complesso si lega alla regione promotrice di specifici geni oncosoppressori quali ST7, GAS e NM23, inibendone la trascrizione. Si e’ inoltre provveduto a sviluppare una categoria di inibitori allosterici di PRMT5: l’attivita’ terapeutica/la specificita’ in vitro e la modalita’ di somministrazione ottimale in modelli murini di linfoma non-Hodgkin, sono in corso di valutazione.
Landscape genetics reveals focal transmission of a human macroparasite
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Animals
Ascariasis
Ascaris lumbricoides
Child
Child, Preschool
Cluster Analysis
DNA, Helminth
Female
Genotype
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Nepal
Young Adult

description: Macroparasite infections (e.g., helminths) remain a major human health concern. However, assessing transmission dynamics is problematic because the direct observation of macroparasite dispersal among hosts is not possible. We used a novel landscape genetics approach to examine transmission of the human roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides in a small human population in Jiri, Nepal. Unexpectedly, we found significant genetic structuring of parasites, indicating the presence of multiple transmission foci within a small sampling area (~14 km2). We analyzed several epidemiological variables, and found that transmission is spatially autocorrelated around households and that transmission foci are stable over time despite extensive human movement. These results would not have been obtainable via a traditional epidemiological study based on worm counts alone. Our data refute the assumption that a single host population corresponds to a single parasite transmission unit, an assumption implicit in many classic models of macroparasite transmission. Newer models have shown that the metapopulation-like pattern observed in our data can adversely affect targeted control strategies aimed at community-wide impacts. Furthermore, the observed metapopulation structure and local mating patterns generate an excess of homozygotes that can accelerate the spread of recessive traits such as drug resistance. Our study illustrates how molecular analyses complement traditional epidemiological information in providing a better understanding of parasite transmission. Similar landscape genetic approaches in other macroparasite systems will be warranted if an accurate depiction of the transmission process is to be used to inform effective control strategies. © 2010 Criscione et al.
Il linguaggio degli ambienti virtuali culturali:
comunicare la storia di Bologna attraverso il progetto Nu.M.E.
The language of cultural virtual environments:
Nu.M.E. project and the virtual reconstruction of Bologna
Creators: name: Lercari, Nicola <1982>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: INF/01 Informatica

description: The contemporary media landscape is characterized by the emergence of hybrid forms of digital communication that contribute to the ongoing redefinition of our societies cultural context. An incontrovertible consequence of this phenomenon is the new public dimension that characterizes the transmission of historical knowledge in the twenty-first century. Awareness of this new epistemic scenario has led us to reflect on the following methodological questions: what strategies should be created to establish a communication system, based on new technology, that is scientifically rigorous, but at the same time engaging for the visitors of museums and Internet users? How does a comparative analysis of ancient documentary sources form a solid base of information for the virtual reconstruction of thirteenth century Bologna in the Metaverse? What benefits can the phenomenon of cross-mediality give to the virtual heritage? The implementation of a new version of the Nu.M.E. project allowed for answering many of these instances. The investigation carried out between 2008 and 2010 has shown that, indeed, real-time 3D graphics and collaborative virtual environments can be feasible tools for representing philologically the urban medieval landscape and for communicating properly validated historical data to the general public. This research is focused on the study and implementation of a pipeline that permits mass communication of historical information about an area of vital importance in late medieval Bologna: Piazza di Porta Ravegnana. The originality of the developed project is not limited solely to the methodological dimension of historical research. Adopted technological perspective is an excellent example of innovation that digital technologies can bring to the cultural heritage. The main result of this research is the creation of Nu.ME 2010, a cross-media system of 3D real-time visualization based on some of the most advanced free software and open source technologies available today free of charge.
Origin and evolution of sulfadoxine resistant Plasmodium falciparum
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Africa
Antimalarials
Cambodia
Codon
Drug Resistance
Evolution, Molecular
Genes, Protozoan
Genetic Variation
Haplotypes
Humans
Linkage Disequilibrium
Malaria, Falciparum
Microsatellite Repeats
Plasmodium falciparum
Prevalence
South America
Sulfadoxine

description: The Thailand-Cambodia border is the epicenter for drug-resistant falciparum malaria. Previous studies have shown that chloroquine (CQ) and pyrimethamine resistance originated in this region and eventually spread to other Asian countries and Africa. However, there is a dearth in understanding the origin and evolution of dhps alleles associated with sulfadoxine resistance. The present study was designed to reveal the origin(s) of sulfadoxine resistance in Cambodia and its evolutionary relationship to African and South American dhps alleles. We sequenced 234 Cambodian Plasmodium falciparum isolates for the dhps codons S436A/F, A437G, K540E, A581G and A613S/T implicated in sulfadoxine resistance. We also genotyped 10 microsatellite loci around dhps to determine the genetic backgrounds of various alleles and compared them with the backgrounds of alleles prevalent in Africa and South America. In addition to previously known highly-resistant triple mutant dhps alleles SGEGA and AGEAA (codons 436, 437, 540, 581, 613 are sequentially indicated), a large proportion of the isolates (19.3%) contained a 540N mutation in association with 437G/581G yielding a previously unreported triple mutant allele, SGNGA. Microsatellite data strongly suggest the strength of selection was greater on triple mutant dhps alleles followed by the double and single mutants. We provide evidence for at least three independent origins for the double mutants, one each for the SGKGA, AGKAA and SGEAA alleles. Our data suggest that the triple mutant allele SGEGA and the novel allele SGNGA have common origin on the SGKGA background, whereas the AGEAA triple mutant was derived from AGKAA on multiple, albeit limited, genetic backgrounds. The SGEAA did not share haplotypes with any of the triple mutants. Comparative analysis of the microsatellite haplotypes flanking dhps alleles from Cambodia, Kenya, Cameroon and Venezuela revealed an independent origin of sulfadoxine resistant alleles in each of these regions.
Energy bounds for vertex operator algebra extensions
Creators: name: Carpi, Sebastiano
name: Tomassini, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Let V be a simple unitary vertex operator algebra and U be a (polynomially) energy-bounded unitary subalgebra containing the conformal vector of V. We give two sufficient conditions implying that V is energy-bounded. The first condition is that U is a compact orbifold for some compact group G of unitary automorphisms of V. The second condition is that V is exponentially energy-bounded and it is a finite direct sum of simple U-modules. As consequence of the second condition, we prove that if U is a regular energy-bounded unitary subalgebra of a simple unitary vertex operator V, then $V$ is energy-bounded. In particular, every simple unitary extension (with the same conformal vector) of a simple unitary affine vertex operator algebra associated with a semisimple Lie algebra is energy-bounded.
description: 19 pages, revised version
Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS): Rationale, design, and methods
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2010
Subjects: 1701 Psychology
1103 Clinical Sciences
1117 Public Health and Health Services
Clinical
Clinical Medicine and Science
Anxiety Disorders
Pediatric
Clinical Research
Brain Disorders
Patient Safety
Behavioral and Social Science
Mental Health
Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities
6.1 Pharmaceuticals
6.6 Psychological and behavioural

description: Objective: To present the design, methods, and rationale of the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS), a recently completed federally-funded, multi-site, randomized placebo-controlled trial that examined the relative efficacy of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), sertraline (SRT), and their combination (COMB) against pill placebo (PBO) for the treatment of separation anxiety disorder (SAD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and social phobia (SoP) in children and adolescents.Methods: Following a brief review of the acute outcomes of the CAMS trial, as well as the psychosocial and pharmacologic treatment literature for pediatric anxiety disorders, the design and methods of the CAMS trial are described.Results: CAMS was a six-year, six-site, randomized controlled trial. Four hundred eighty-eight (N = 488) children and adolescents (ages 7-17 years) with DSM-IV-TR diagnoses of SAD, GAD, or SoP were randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions: CBT, SRT, COMB, or PBO. Assessments of anxiety symptoms, safety, and functional outcomes, as well as putative mediators and moderators of treatment response were completed in a multi-measure, multi-informant fashion. Manual-based therapies, trained clinicians and independent evaluators were used to ensure treatment and assessment fidelity. A multi-layered administrative structure with representation from all sites facilitated cross-site coordination of the entire trial, study protocols and quality assurance.Conclusions: CAMS offers a model for clinical trials methods applicable to psychosocial and psychopharmacological comparative treatment trials by using state-of-the-art methods and rigorous cross-site quality controls. CAMS also provided a large-scale examination of the relative and combined efficacy and safety of the best evidenced-based psychosocial (CBT) and pharmacologic (SSRI) treatments to date for the most commonly occurring pediatric anxiety disorders. Primary and secondary results of CAMS will hold important implications for informing practice-relevant decisions regarding the initial treatment of youth with anxiety disorders.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00052078. © 2010 Compton et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Disponibilità degli effetti della risoluzione e reviviscenza del contratto
Creators: name: Pascucci, Luisa <1979>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: IUS/01 Diritto privato

description: La ricerca sul tema “Disponibilità degli effetti della risoluzione e reviviscenza del contratto” analizza se, e come, gli effetti della risoluzione possano essere oggetto di disposizione ad opera delle parti. In particolare, se, ed in che modo, il contraente non inadempiente che abbia agito in risoluzione, in via giudiziale o stragiudiziale, possa incidere unilateralmente sulla sorte finale del vincolo contrattuale paralizzando l’effetto risolutivo già in atto attraverso una tardiva richiesta di adempimento. La questione della reversibilità dell’effetto risolutivo, che si è posta in forma paradigmatica nell’ambito della diffida ad adempiere, ha diviso dottrina e giurisprudenza per oltre trent’anni: laddove la giurisprudenza ha costantemente ammesso il creditore a recuperare il contratto risolto e a pretenderne ancora l’esecuzione, ritenendo che la risoluzione concreti un vantaggio unilaterale del creditore, da lui sempre liberamente disponibile, la dottrina ha optato per la irreversibilità dell’effetto risolutivo, in ossequio al principio di tutela dell’affidamento dell’inadempiente ad aver certezza sulla sorte finale del vincolo e a non rimanere esposto a tempo indefinito agli arbitri di controparte. Sono di recente intervenute le Sezioni Unite (Cass., sez. un., 14 gennaio 2009, n. 553), che, in direzione diametralmente opposta rispetto al granitico orientamento giurisprudenziale, hanno integralmente accolto i rilievi critici della dottrina ed escluso la disponibilità dell’effetto risolutivo derivante dallo spirare inutile del termine fissato in diffida, con ciò precludendo al contraente non inadempiente di tornare a esigere l’adempimento a risoluzione avvenuta.
Alternating current driven instability in magnetic junctions
Creators: name: Epshtein, E. M.
name: Zilberman, P. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An effect is considered of alternating (high-frequency) current on the spin-valve type magnetic junction configuration. The stability with respect to small fluctuations is investigated in the macrospin approximation. When the current frequency is close to the eigenfrequency (precession frequency) of the free layer, parametric resonance occurs. Both collinear configurations, antiparallel and parallel ones, can become unstable under resonance conditions. The antiparallel configuration can become unstable under non-resonant conditions, also. The threshold current density amplitude is of the order of the dc current density switching the magnetic junction.
description: 8 pages
Pollination ecology and reproductive success in isolated populations of flowering plants: Primula apennina Widmer, Dictamnus albus L. and Convolvulus lineatus L.
Creators: name: Fisogni, Alessandro <1983>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: BIO/02 Botanica sistematica

description: This research focuses on reproductive biology and pollination ecology of entomophilous angiosperms, with particular concern to reproductive success in small and isolated populations of species that occur at their distribution limits or are endemic.
I considered three perennial herbs as model species: Primula apennina Widmer, Dictamnus albus L. and Convolvulus lineatus L.
I carried out field work on natural populations and performed laboratory analyses on specific critical aspects (resource allocation, pollen viability, stigmatic receptivity, physiological self-incompatibility, seed viability), through which I analysed different aspects related to plant fitness, such as production of viable seed, demographic structure of populations, type and efficiency of plant-pollinator system, and limiting factors.
Aromatase and 5-alpha reductase gene expression: modulation by pain and morphine treatment in male rats
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Animals
Aromatase
Behavior, Animal
Brain
Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase
Formaldehyde
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Male
Morphine
Organ Specificity
Pain
RNA, Messenger
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Testosterone

description: Background: The steroid hormone testosterone has been found to be greatly reduced by opioids in different experimental and clinical conditions. The purpose of this study on male rats was to determine the effects of a single injection of morphine (5 mg/Kg) on persistent pain (formalin test) and the single or combined effects on p450-aromatase and 5-alpha reductase type 1 mRNA expression in the brain, liver and testis. Testosterone was determined in the plasma and in the brain, morphine was assayed in the plasma.Results: In the morphine-treated rats, there were increases of 5-alpha reductase mRNA expression in the liver and aromatase mRNA expression in the brain and gonads. Morphine was detected in the blood of all morphine-treated rats even though there were no clear analgesic affects in the formalin-treated animals three hours after treatment. Testosterone was greatly reduced in the plasma and brain in morphine-treated subjects.Conclusions: It appears that morphine administration can induce long-lasting genomic effects in different body areas which contribute to the strong central and peripheral testosterone levels. These changes were not always accompanied by behavioral modifications. © 2010 Aloisi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Alternative quantization of the Hamiltonian in loop quantum cosmology II: Including the Lorentz term
Creators: name: Yang, Jinsong
name: Ding, You
name: Ma, Yongge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since there are quantization ambiguities in constructing the Hamiltonian constraint operator in isotropic loop quantum cosmology, it is crucial to check whether the key features of loop quantum cosmology are robust against the ambiguities. In this paper, we quantize the Lorentz term of the gravitational Hamiltonian constraint in the spatially flat FRW model by two approaches different from that of the Euclidean term. One of the approaches is very similar to the treatment of the Lorentz part of Hamiltonian in loop quantum gravity and hence inherits more features from the full theory. Two symmetric Hamiltonian constraint operators are constructed respectively in the improved scheme. Both of them are shown to have the correct classical limit by the semiclassical analysis. In the loop quantum cosmological model with a massless scalar field, the effective Hamiltonians and Friedmann equations are derived. It turns out that the classical big bang is again replaced by a quantum bounce in both cases. Moreover, there are still great possibilities for the expanding universe to recollapse due to the quantum gravity effect.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Search for physics beyond the standard model in final states with two or three soft leptons and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13~\text{TeV}$
Creators: name: Papavergou, Ioanna
name: Vourliotis, Emmanouil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most recent CMS results from a search for supersymmetry (SUSY) with a compressed mass spectrum in leptonic final states will be presented. The search is targeting signatures with missing transverse momentum and two or three low-momentum (soft) leptons. The dataset used is collected by the CMS experiment during the Run-2 p-p collisions at $\sqrt{s} = {}$13 TeV at the LHC, and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of up to 137 fb$^{-1}$. The observed data are found to be in agreement with the standard model (SM) prediction and exclusion upper limits are set on the SUSY particles production cross section. The results are interpreted in terms of electroweakino and top squark pair production. In both cases, a small mass difference between the produced SUSY particles and the lightest neutralino is considered. A wino-bino and a higgsino simplified models are used for the electroweakino interpretation. Exclusion limits at 95% confidence level are set on $\tildeχ_{2}^{0}$/$\tildeχ_{1}^{\pm}$ masses up to 280 GeV for a mass difference between the $\tildeχ_{2}^{0}$/$\tildeχ_{1}^{\pm}$ and the lightest neutralino of 10 GeV for the wino-bino production. In the higgsino interpretation $\tildeχ_{2}^{0}$/$\tildeχ_{1}^{\pm}$ masses are excluded up to 210(150) GeV for a mass difference of 7.5(3) GeV. The results for the higgsino production are additionally interpreted in terms of a phenomenological minimal SUSY extension of the SM, excluding the higgsino mass parameter $μ$ up to 180 GeV for bino mass parameter $M_1 = {}$800 GeV. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the top squark pair production interpretation, excluding top squark masses up to 530 GeV in the four-body top squark decay model and up to 475 GeV in the chargino-mediated decay model for a mass difference between the top squark and the lightest neutralino of 30 GeV.
description: Contribution to the HEP 2021 - 38th Conference on Recent Developments in High Energy Physics and Cosmology, 16-19 June 2021, Thessaloniki, Greece (online)
The Chemodynamical Nature of the Triangulum-Andromeda Overdensity
Creators: name: Abuchaim, Yuri
name: Perottoni, Hélio D.
name: Rossi, Silvia
name: Limberg, Guilherme
name: Pérez-Villegas, Angeles
name: Santucci, Rafael M.
name: Placco, Vinicius M.
name: Sales-Silva, João V.
name: Anders, Friedrich
name: Rocha-Pinto, Helio J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a chemodynamical study of the Triangulum-Andromeda overdensity (TriAnd) employing a sample of 31 candidate stars observed with the GRACES high-resolution ($R$=40,000) spectrograph at the Gemini North (8.1 m) telescope. TriAnd is a stellar substructure found toward the outer disk of the Milky Way, located at $R_{\rm GC}\sim 18$ kpc from the Sun, toward Galactic latitude $b \sim 25$°. Most stars in our sample have dynamical properties compatible with a disk stellar population. In addition, by applying an eccentricity cut, we are able to detect a stellar contamination that seems to be consistent with an accreted population. In chemical abundance space, the majority of our TriAnd candidates are similar to the outer thin-disk population, suggesting that the overdensity has an \textit{in situ} origin. Finally, the found accreted halo interlopers spatially overlapping with TriAnd should explain the historical discussion of the overdensity's nature due to its complex chemical patterns.
description: Published in The Astrophysical Journal (ApJ)
The relation between geometry and matter in classical and quantum gravity and cosmology
Relazione tra geometria e materia in gravità classica e quantistica e cosmologia
Creators: name: Regoli, Daniele <1982>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: FIS/02 Fisica teorica, modelli e metodi matematici

description: The present thesis is divided into two main research areas: Classical Cosmology and (Loop) Quantum Gravity.
The first part concerns cosmological models with one phantom and one scalar field, that provide the `super-accelerated' scenario not excluded by observations, thus exploring alternatives to the standard LambdaCDM scenario.

The second part concerns the spinfoam approach to (Loop) Quantum Gravity, which is an attempt to provide a `sum-over-histories' formulation of gravitational quantum transition amplitudes. The research here presented focuses on the face amplitude of a generic spinfoam model for Quantum Gravity.
NaZnF3 as a low-pressure analogue of MgSiO3
Creators: name: Kurzydłowski, Dominik
name: Gajek, Arkadiusz
name: Mazej, Zoran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solid-state systems whose properties at high pressure (exceeding 1 GPa) mimic those of MgSiO3 are of large importance in the study of the interior of planets. By means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations we studied the high pressure properties of a MgSiO3 analogue, NaZnF3. We reproduce the phase-transition sequence previously reported for this compound (GdFeO3 -> CaIrO3 -> La2S3), and predict that it should undergo a two-step dissociation: decomposition into a equimolar mixture of Na2ZnF4 and NaZn2F5 at 25.4 GPa, followed by a breakdown into ZnF2 and NaF at 66.8 GPa. These processes are analogous to those predicted for compressed MgSiO3. Moreover, both Na2ZnF4 and NaZn2F5 are isostructural with analogous phases from the Mg-Si-O system. We also find that both these novel compounds are thermodynamically stable at ambient conditions (Na2ZnF4) or at low pressure of 19 GPa (NaZn2F5). Our study indicates that NaZnF3 could serve as a good low-pressure analogue of MgSiO3 exhibiting the same sequence of phase transitions, and pressure induced decomposition, but at pressures an order of magnitude lower.
Imaging of crustal scatterers using multiple seismic arrays
Creators: name: Roselli, Pamela <1978>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: GEO/10 Geofisica della terra solida

description: Array seismology is an useful tool to perform a detailed investigation of the Earth’s interior. Seismic arrays by using the coherence properties of the wavefield are able to extract directivity information and to increase the ratio of the coherent signal amplitude relative to the amplitude of incoherent noise. The Double Beam Method (DBM), developed by Krüger et al. (1993, 1996), is one of the possible applications to perform a refined seismic investigation of the crust and mantle by using seismic arrays. The DBM is based on a combination of source and receiver arrays leading to a further improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio by reducing the error in the location of coherent phases. Previous DBM works have been performed for mantle and core/mantle resolution (Krüger et al., 1993; Scherbaum et al., 1997; Krüger et al., 2001). An implementation of the DBM has been presented at 2D large-scale (Italian data-set for Mw=9.3, Sumatra earthquake) and at 3D crustal-scale as proposed by Rietbrock & Scherbaum (1999), by applying the revised version of Source Scanning Algorithm (SSA; Kao & Shan, 2004). In the 2D application, the rupture front propagation in time has been computed. In 3D application, the study area (20x20x33 km3), the data-set and the source-receiver configurations are related to the KTB-1994 seismic experiment (Jost et al., 1998). We used 60 short-period seismic stations (200-Hz sampling rate, 1-Hz sensors) arranged in 9 small arrays deployed in 2 concentric rings about 1 km (A-arrays) and 5 km (B-array) radius. The coherence values of the scattering points have been computed in the crustal volume, for a finite time-window along all array stations given the hypothesized origin time and source location. The resulting images can be seen as a (relative) joint log-likelihood of any point in the subsurface that have contributed to the full set of observed seismograms.
Zeeman and Davydov splitting of Frenkel excitons in the antiferromagnet CuB$_2$O$_4$
Creators: name: Kopteva, N. E.
name: Kudlacik, D.
name: Yakovlev, D. R.
name: Eremin, M. V.
name: Nurmukhametov, A. R.
name: Bayer, M.
name: Pisarev, R. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical spectra of antiferromagnetic copper metaborate CuB$_2$O$_4$ are characterized by an exceptionally rich structure of narrow absorption lines due to electronic transitions within the magnetic Cu$^{2+}$ ions, but their unambiguous identification and behavior in magnetic field remain far from being fully understood. We studied the polarized magneto-absorption spectra of this tetragonal antiferromagnet with a high spectral resolution in the range of $1.4055-1.4065$ eV in magnetic fields up to 9.5 T and temperatures from 1.6 up to $T_N = 20$ K. We observed a set of eight absorption lines at $T=1.6$ K in magnetic fields exceeding 1.4 T which we identified as arising from Frenkel excitons related to the ground and the first excited state of Cu$^{2+}$ ions. The number of these excitons is defined by the presence of the four Cu$^{2+}$ ions with the doubly-degenerate spin state $S = 1/2$ at the 4$b$ positions in the crystallographic unit cell. The energies of these excitons are determined the exchange interaction of 0.5 meV of Cu$^{2+}$ ions in the excited state with surrounding ions and by the Davydov splitting of 0.12 meV. In large magnetic field the observed Zeeman splitting is controlled by the anisotropic $g$-factors of both the ground and excited states. We developed a theoretical model of Frenkel excitons in magnetic field that accounts for specific features of the spin structure and exchange interactions in CuB$_2$O$_4$. The model was used for fitting the experimental data and evaluation of Frenkel exciton parameters, such as the Davydov splitting, the molecular exchange energy, and the $g$-factors of the ground and excited states of the Cu$^{2+}$ ions.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Phylogeography of the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus): Marked population structure, Neotropical Pleistocene vicariance and incongruence between nuclear and mtDNA markers
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Animals
Biological Evolution
Cell Nucleus
Chiroptera
DNA, Mitochondrial
Female
Geography
Male
Phylogeny

description: Background. The common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus is an excellent model organism for studying ecological vicariance in the Neotropics due to its broad geographic range and its preference for forested areas as roosting sites. With the objective of testing for Pleistocene ecological vicariance, we sequenced a mitocondrial DNA (mtDNA) marker and two nuclear markers (RAG2 and DRB) to try to understand how Pleistocene glaciations affected the distribution of intraspecific lineages in this bat. Results. Five reciprocally monophyletic clades were evident in the mitochondrial gene tree, and in most cases with high bootstrap support: Central America (CA), Amazon and Cerrado (AMC), Pantanal (PAN), Northern Atlantic Forest (NAF) and Southern Atlantic Forest (SAF). The Atlantic forest clades formed a monophyletic clade with high bootstrap support, creating an east/west division for this species in South America. On the one hand, all coalescent and non-coalescent estimates point to a Pleistocene time of divergence between the clades. On the other hand, the nuclear markers showed extensive sharing of haplotypes between distant localities, a result compatible with male-biased gene flow. In order to test if the disparity between the mitochondrial and nuclear markers was due to the difference in mutation rate and effective size, we performed a coalescent simulation to examine the feasibility that, given the time of separation between the observed lineages, even with a gene flow rate close to zero, there would not be reciprocal monophyly for a neutral nuclear marker. We used the observed values of theta and an estimated mutation rate for the nuclear marker gene to perform 1000 iterations of the simulation. The results of this simulation were inconclusive: the number of iterations with and without reciprocal monophyly of one or more clades are similar. Conclusions. We therefore conclude that the pattern exhibited by the common vampire bat, with marked geographical structure for a mitochondrial marker and no phylogeographic structure for nuclear markers is compatible with a historical scenario of complete isolation of refuge-like populations during the Pleistocene. The results on demographic history on this species is compatible with the Carnaval-Moritz model of Pleistocene vicariance, with demographic expansions in the southern Atlantic forest. © 2009 Martins et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
On the angular distribution of extensive air showers
Creators: name: Zotov, M. Yu.
name: Kalmykov, N. N.
name: Kulikov, G. V.
name: Sulakov, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Angular distributions of extensive air showers with different number of charged particles in the range 2.5x10^5--4x10^7 are derived using the experimental data obtained with the EAS MSU array. Possible approximations of the obtained distributions with different empiric functions available in literature, are analysed. It is shown that the exponential function provides the best approximation of the angular distributions in the sense of the chi-squared criterion.
description: 5 pages including 1 figure
Helping students become proficient problem solvers Part I: A brief review
Creators: name: Maries, Alexandru
name: Singh, Chandralekha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding issues involved in expertise in physics problem solving is important for helping students become good problem solvers. In part 1 of this article, we summarize the research on problem-solving relevant for physics education across three broad categories: knowledge organization, information processing and cognitive load, and metacognition and problem-solving heuristics. We also discuss specific strategies discussed in the literature for promoting development of problem-solving skills in physics. This review article can be valuable in helping instructors develop students' problem-solving, reasoning, and metacognitive skills in physics and other related disciplines. Additionally, this review article is relevant across educational contexts in countries that may have different educational paradigms and challenges.
description: 21 pages
On spherical functions on the group $SU(2)\times SU(2) \times SU(2)$
Creators: name: Neretin, Yury A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E46, 43A90, 33C70, 33C47

description: We write a generating function for all spherical functions on the product of several copies of SU(2).
description: 10pp
A model of communication-enabled traffic interactions
Creators: name: Siebinga, O.
name: Zgonnikov, A.
name: Abbink, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A major challenge for autonomous vehicles is handling interactive scenarios, such as highway merging, with human-driven vehicles. A better understanding of human interactive behaviour could help address this challenge. Such understanding could be obtained through modelling human behaviour. However, existing modelling approaches predominantly neglect communication between drivers and assume that some drivers in the interaction only respond to others, but do not actively influence them. Here we argue that addressing these two limitations is crucial for accurate modelling of interactions. We propose a new computational framework addressing these limitations. Similar to game-theoretic approaches, we model the interaction in an integral way rather than modelling an isolated driver who only responds to their environment. Contrary to game theory, our framework explicitly incorporates communication and bounded rationality. We demonstrate the model in a simplified merging scenario, illustrating that it generates plausible interactive behaviour (e.g., aggressive and conservative merging). Furthermore, human-like gap-keeping behaviour emerged in a car-following scenario directly from risk perception without the explicit implementation of time or distance gaps in the model's decision-making. These results suggest that our framework is a promising approach to interaction modelling that can support the development of interaction-aware autonomous vehicles.
The family life cycle and family needs in a housing project : a case study of the Westview Garden Apartments, North Vancouver
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Tomizo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The objective of this study is to discern how family needs in housing change through the stages of the family life cycle. The Westview Garden Apartments, a townhouse and apartment development in North Vancouver was chosen for conducting this study. For the collection of residents' behavioral data, a number of family member's daily activity log records were obtained through a series of interviews. The data were collected in the period from September 1973 to April 1974, during which time my family and I occupied one of the housing units in this project. The family life cycle is divided into eight stages, from arrival of the first baby to the elderly couple. The following activity patterns of a selected number of families in each stage were traced through the analysis of their activity log records; Sleeping, Eating, Housekeeping, Shopping, Children Playing, Evening Sitting, Socializing and Family Recreational Activities. From these activity patterns, together with the residents' opinions about their housing, and adding to this the author's own observation of the daily life in the sample project, the family's needs in each stage were discerned. After that the design of sample housing was examined in detail. The findings clearly indicate the variations in family needs affecting their housing requirements through the life cycle. The author concludes that the present housing system has difficulty in accommodating changing family needs. Many families are either forced to move or suffer from living in an incongruent residence. To improve this situation, two directions in future family housing are suggested. 1) An adaptable housing system should be developed. This can accommodate individual family's special needs and reflect the changing needs in their life cycle. Families should be able to assist in designing, building and altering their own houses without high costs or much skill. The author believes it is possible to produce such housing with advanced technology. 2) The present space distribution for daily family activities in private and public space, must be reconsidered. Many family needs which are now being met within the individual housing unit could be satisfied more satisfactorily in neighbourhood communal spaces. In future urban housing development, there is bound to be a large proportion of multiple dwellings. This demands new ways of communal living. The individual, in future housing, must have maximum power to control his own residence and his neighbourhood.
Pairwise and higher-order correlations among drug-resistance mutations in HIV-1 subtype B protease
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence
Computational Biology
Databases, Protein
Drug Resistance, Viral
HIV Protease
HIV Protease Inhibitors
HIV-1
Linear Models
Models, Molecular
Mutation
Sequence Alignment
Thermodynamics

description: Background: The reaction of HIV protease to inhibitor therapy is characterized by the emergence of complex mutational patterns which confer drug resistance. The response of HIV protease to drugs often involves both primary mutations that directly inhibit the action of the drug, and a host of accessory resistance mutations that may occur far from the active site but may contribute to restoring the fitness or stability of the enzyme. Here we develop a probabilistic approach based on connected information that allows us to study residue, pair level and higher-order correlations within the same framework. Results: We apply our methodology to a database of approximately 13,000 sequences which have been annotated by the treatment history of the patients from which the samples were obtained. We show that including pair interactions is essential for agreement with the mutational data, since neglect of these interactions results in order-of-magnitude errors in the probabilities of the simultaneous occurence of many mutations. The magnitude of these pair correlations changes dramatically between sequences obtained from patients that were or were not exposed to drugs. Higher-order effects make a contribution of as much as 10% for residues taken three at a time, but increase to more than twice that for 10 to 15-residue groups. The sequence data is insufficient to determine the higher-order effects for larger groups. We find that higher-order interactions have a significant effect on the predicted frequencies of sequences with large numbers of mutations. While relatively rare, such sequences are more prevalent after multi-drug therapy. The relative importance of these higher-order interactions increases with the number of drugs the patient had been exposed to. Conclusion: Correlations are critical for the understanding of mutation patterns in HIV protease. Pair interactions have substantial qualitative effects, while higher-order interactions are individually smaller but may have a collective effect. Together they lead to correlations which could have an important impact on the dynamics of the evolution of cross-resistance, by allowing the virus to pass through otherwise unlikely mutational states. These findings also indicate that pairwise and possibly higher-order effects should be included in the models of protein evolution, instead of assuming that all residues mutate independently of one another. © 2009 Haq et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Coronal mass ejections and type II radio emission variability during a magnetic cycle on the solar-type star $ε$ Eridani
Creators: name: Fionnagáin, Dúalta Ó
name: Kavanagh, Robert D.
name: Vidotto, Aline A.
name: Jeffers, Sandra V.
name: Petit, Pascal
name: Marsden, Stephen
name: Morin, Julien
name: Golden, Aaron A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We simulate possible stellar coronal mass ejection (CME) scenarios over the magnetic cycle of $ε$ Eridani (18 Eridani; HD 22049). We use three separate epochs from 2008, 2011, and 2013, and estimate the radio emission frequencies associated with these events. These stellar eruptions have proven to be elusive, although a promising approach to detect and characterise these phenomena are low-frequency radio observations of potential type II bursts as CME induced shocks propagate through the stellar corona. Stellar type II radio bursts are expected to emit below 450 MHz, similarly to their solar counterparts. We show that the length of time these events remain above the ionospheric cutoff is not necessarily dependent on the stellar magnetic cycle, but more on the eruption location relative to the stellar magnetic field. We find that these type II bursts would remain within the frequency range of LOFAR for a maximum of 20-30 minutes post-eruption for the polar CMEs, (50 minutes for 2nd harmonics). We find evidence of slower equatorial CMEs, which result in slightly longer observable windows for the 2008 and 2013 simulations. Stellar magnetic geometry and strength has a significant effect on the detectability of these events. We place the CMEs in the context of the stellar mass-loss rate (27-48 $\times$ solar mass-loss rate), showing that they can amount to 3-50% of the stellar wind mass-loss rate for $ε$ Eridani. Continuous monitoring of likely stellar CME candidates with low-frequency radio telescopes will be required to detect these transient events.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
A bottle in a freezer
Creators: name: Krejci, Pavel
name: Rocca, Elisabetta
name: Sprekels, Juergen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 80A22, 35K50, 35B40

description: We propose here a model for solidification of a liquid contents of an elastic bottle in a freezer. The main goal is to explain the occurrence of high stresses inside the bottle. As a by-product, we derive a formula for the undercooling coefficient in terms of the elasticity constants, latent heat, and the phase expansion coefficient. We investigate the well-posedness of the three-dimensional model: we prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution for the corresponding initial-boundary value problem which couples a PDE with an integrodifferential equation and an ordinary differential inclusion ruling the evolution of the phase parameter. Finally, we prove some results on the long time behavior of solutions.