Phylladiorhynchus punctatus Rodríguez-Flores &amp; Macpherson &amp; Machordom 2021, n. sp.
Creators: name: Rodríguez-Flores, Paula C.
name: Macpherson, Enrique
name: Machordom, Annie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Galatheidae
Phylladiorhynchus
Phylladiorhynchus punctatus

description: <i>Phylladiorhynchus punctatus</i> n. sp. (Figs. 48, 50G, 56B) <b>Type material.</b> <i>Holotype</i>. New Caledonia, LIFOU Stn 1648, 20.9017°S, 167.0550°E, 150–200 m, 7 November 2000: ov. F 2.8 mm (MNHN-IU-2014-13844). <i>Paratypes</i>. New Caledonia. LIFOU Stn 1647, 20.70750°S, 167.1333°E, 150–200 m, 6 November 2000: 1 M 3.2 mm (MNHN-IU-2014-13845).— Stn 1648, 20.9017°S, 167.0550°E, 150–200 m, 7 November 2000: 1 F 1.8 mm (MNHN-IU-2014-13843). New Caledonia. Koumac 2.3 Stn KL 17, 20.55685°S, 164.0732667°E, 92 m, 14 November 2019: 1 M 1.7 mm (MNHN-IU-2014-20101). <b>Etymology.</b> From the Latin <i>punctum</i>, spot, in reference of the red spots covering the pleonal tergites of this species. <b>Description.</b> <i>Carapace:</i> As long as broad, transverse ridges with few short setae. Gastric region flattened, with 4 transverse ridges: epigastric ridge indistinct, with 5 spines (1 median and 2 pairs of spines laterally); anterior protogastric ridge not medially interrupted, laterally interrupted with few scales; anterior mesogastric ridge scalelike (with 1 to 3 scales), laterally interrupted by anterior branch of cervical groove, laterally continuing uninterrupted to first branchial spine; anterior metagastric ridge scale-like and followed by few scales on posterior metagastric area. Mid-transverse ridge not interrupted, medially depressed, preceded by a distinct cervical groove, followed by 2 uninterrupted or minutely interrupted ridges, interspersed with 1 short lateral ridge and few short, scattered scales. Lateral margins straight or slightly convex, with 6 spines: first anterolateral spine well-developed, reaching end of lateral orbital spine, second spine (hepatic) well-developed, slightly dorsomesially from lateral margin, and followed by 4 branchial spines (2 anterior and 2 posterior). Rostrum triangular, horizontal, dorsally flattish or slightly concave, 1.4–[1.6] × as long as broad, length [0.4]0.4 and breadth [0.3]0.3 that of carapace; lateral margins smooth and straight, with well-developed supraocular spines, subapical spines absent. Pterygostomian flap ending in small spine, upper margin smooth. <i>Thoracic sternum</i>: As wide as long. Sternite 3 sharply broad, [3.4]3.3–4.0 × as wide as long, anterior margin straight or moderately convex, with a median deep notch, moderately produced anterolaterally. Sternite 4 widely contiguous to sternite 3; surface depressed in midline, smooth; greatest width 1.5–[2.4] × that of sternite 3, [3.3]–4.2 × as wide as long. <i>Pleon</i>: Elevated ridges with short setae and with few scattered long setae. Tergite 2 with anterior and posterior transverse elevated ridges; tergites 3–4 with anterior transverse ridge; tergites 5–6 smooth. <i>Eye:</i> Eyestalk length about 1.3 × broader than long, peduncle distally setose, not distinctly expanded proximally; maximum corneal diameter 1.0 × rostrum width, as wide as eyestalk. <i>Antennule</i>: Article 1 1.3 × longer than wide, with 5 spines: distomesial spine small; proximal lateral spine well developed, always present. <i>Antenna:</i> Article 1 with prominent mesial process, distally not reaching lateralmost antennular spine. Article 2 with small distomesial and distolateral spines. Articles 3 and 4 unarmed. <i>Mxp3:</i> Ischium with distinct distal spines on flexor and extensor margins. Merus 0.5 × length of ischium, with well-developed distal spine on extensor margin and 2 strong spines on flexor margin. <i>P1</i> (lost in holotype and in males): 3.5 (females) × carapace length; subcylindrical, spiny and with scattered long stiff setae; merus, carpus and palm with spines along mesial, dorsal and lateral surfaces, distal and mesial spines usually stronger than others. Merus 1.4 length of carapace, 2.0–2.5 × as long as carpus. Carpus 2.5–2.9 × as long as wide. Palm 1.1× carpus length, 2.2–3.5 × as long as broad. Fingers subequal in length to palm; fixed finger unarmed; movable finger with well-developed basal spine. <i>P2–4:</i> Slender, subcylindrical, moderately setose and spinose. Meri successively shorter posteriorly: P3 merus 0.9–[1.0] × length of P2 merus, P4 merus 0.9 × length of P3 merus. P2 merus, [0.7]0.8 × carapace length, [6.0]–8.0 × as long as broad, [1.0]–1.3 × as long as P2 propodus; P3 merus [6.0]–7.0 × as long as broad, 1.0 × as long as P3 propodus; P4 merus 4.5–[5.5] × as long as broad, as long as P4 propodus; extensor margin of P2 and P3 with row of spines, proximally diminishing, with prominent distal spine; P4 extensor margin irregular, with small distal spine; flexor margins of P2–4 irregular, each with distal spine; P4 lateral surface with median row of 3 small spines, absent in P2–3. Carpi with 3 or 4 spines on extensor margin on P2–3, unarmed on P4; distal spine prominent on P2–3, smaller on P4; row of small spines below extensor margin on lateral surface of P2–3, unarmed on P4; flexor margins on P2-4 with distal spine. Propodi slender, 7.0–[9.0] × as long as broad; extensor margin usually armed with 1–2 small spines on proximal half of P2–4; flexor margin with 4 slender movable spines in addition to distal pair. Dactyli [0.6]–0.7 × length of propodi, ending in incurved, strong, sharp spine; flexor margin with 6–7 movable spines. <b>Live colour.</b> Body light orange; carapacecovered by orange and golden-yellow spots. Pleonal tergites 1–4 light orange; tergites 3–4 each with two symmetrical vertical white stripes and 2 red spots. P2–4 clear with distinct red bars. <b>Genetic data.</b> COI and 16S, Table 1. <b>Distribution.</b> New Caledonia and Chesterfield Islands, from 92 to 200 m. <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Phylladiorhynchus punctatus</i> belongs to the group of species having 5 epigastric spines, 2 spines on the anterior branchial margin and the Mxp3 merus with 2 prominent spines along the flexor margin. <i>Phylladiorhynchus punctatus</i> resembles <i>P. kermadecensis</i> Schnabel &amp; Ahyong, 2019 from New Zealand, but they can be distinguished by the following characters: - The rostral margins are slightly concave in <i>P. kermadecensis,</i> whereas these margins are straight in <i>P. punctatus</i>. - The anterior mesogastric ridge is scale-like in <i>P. punctatus</i>, whereas this ridge is not medially interrupted in <i>P. kermadecensis</i>. - The anterior metagastric ridge is not medially interrupted in <i>P. punctatus</i>, whereas it is medially interrupted in <i>P. kermadecensis</i>. The sequences of <i>P. punctatus</i> were 17% (COI) and 7% (16S) divergent from <i>P. kermadecensis</i>. The specimens of <i>P. punctatus</i> range in size from 1.7 to 3.2 mm postorbital carapace length.
description: Published as part of <i>Rodríguez-Flores, Paula C., Macpherson, Enrique &amp; Machordom, Annie, 2021, Revision of the squat lobsters of the genus Phylladiorhynchus Baba, 1969 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae) with the description of 41 new species, pp. 1-159 in Zootaxa 5008 (1)</i> on pages 126-128, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5008.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5157455
description: {"references": ["Schnabel, K. E. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. (2019) The squat lobster genus Phylladiorhynchus Baba, 1969 in New Zealand and eastern Australia, with description of six new species. Zootaxa, 4688 (3), 301 - 347. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4688.3.1"]}