cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Reduced Expression of IRF7 in Nasal Epithelial Cells from Smokers after Infection with Influenza
Creators: name: Noah, Terry L.
name: Carson, Johnny L.
name: Horvath, Katherine M.
name: Brighton, Luisa E.
name: Zhang, Wenli
name: Jaspers, Ilona
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Smokers are more susceptible to respiratory viral infections, including influenza virus, but the mechanisms mediating this effect are unknown. To determine how epithelial cells contribute to the enhanced susceptibility seen in smokers, we established an in vitro model of differentiated nasal epithelial cells (NECs) from smokers, which showed enhanced mucin expression. The NECs from smokers responded to influenza infection with greater cytotoxicity, release of interleukin-6, and viral shedding than NECs from nonsmokers. Focusing on type I interferon (IFN) expression, we observed that influenza-infected NECs from smokers produced significantly less IFN-α than NECs from nonsmokers. Similarly, the expression of IRF7, a key transcription factor controlling the expression of IFN-α, was significantly decreased in influenza-infected and IFN-β–stimulated NECs from smokers. Furthermore, our data indicate that the DNA methylation of the IRF7 gene and expression of the DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 was enhanced in NECs from smokers. To confirm these findings in vivo, we initiated a study in which smoking and nonsmoking healthy volunteers were inoculated nasally with the live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccine, and nasal biopsies were obtained before and after the administration of LAIV. The LAIV-induced expression of IRF7 was lower in the nasal epithelium from smokers, supporting our in vitro observations. These data demonstrate that infection with influenza results in the reduced expression of transcription factor IRF7 in NECs from smokers, and that these effects may be mediated by an epigenetic modification of the IRF7 gene, thus providing a potential mechanism rendering smokers more susceptible to respiratory virus infections.
Adiponectin Decreases Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling in Murine Models of Pulmonary Hypertension
Creators: name: Raher, Michael J.
name: Leyton, Patricio
name: Combs, Terry P.
name: Bloch, Kenneth D.
name: Medoff, Benjamin D.
name: Scherer, Philipp E.
name: Weng, Meiqian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Remodeling of the pulmonary arteries is a common feature among the heterogeneous disorders that cause pulmonary hypertension. In these disorders, the remodeled pulmonary arteries often demonstrate inflammation and an accumulation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) within the vessels. Adipose tissue secretes multiple bioactive mediators (adipokines) that can influence both inflammation and remodeling, suggesting that adipokines may contribute to the development of pulmonary hypertension. We recently reported on a model of pulmonary hypertension induced by vascular inflammation, in which a deficiency of the adipokine adiponectin (APN) was associated with the extensive proliferation of PASMCs and increased pulmonary artery pressures. Based on these data, we hypothesize that APN can suppress pulmonary hypertension by directly inhibiting the proliferation of PASMCs. Here, we tested the effects of APN overexpression on pulmonary arterial remodeling by using APN-overexpressing mice in a model of pulmonary hypertension induced by inflammation. Consistent with our hypothesis, mice that overexpressed APN manfiested reduced pulmonary hypertension and remodeling compared with wild-type mice, despite developing similar levels of pulmonary vascular inflammation in the model. The overexpression of APN was also protective in a hypoxic model of pulmonary hypertension. Furthermore, APN suppressed the proliferation of PASMCs, and reduced the activity of the serum response factor–serum response element pathway, which is a critical signaling pathway for smooth muscle cell proliferation. Overall, these data suggest that APN can regulate pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial remodeling through its direct effects on PASMCs. Hence, the activation of APN-like activity in the pulmonary vasculature may be beneficial in pulmonary hypertension.
Variational approach for the flow of Ree-Eyring and Casson fluids in pipes
Creators: name: Sochi, Taha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flow of Ree-Eyring and Casson non-Newtonian fluids is investigated using a variational principle to optimize the total stress. The variationally-obtained solutions are compared to the analytical solutions derived from the Weissenberg-Rabinowitsch-Mooney equation and the results are found to be identical within acceptable numerical errors and modeling approximations.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures
Cloning and Characterization of Human MUC19 Gene
Creators: name: Yu, Dongfang
name: Zhu, Lingxiang
name: Chen, Yin
name: Lee, Pakkei
name: Tao, Shasha
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The most recently discovered gel-forming mucin, MUC19, is expressed in both salivary glands and tracheal submucosal glands. We previously cloned the 3′−end partial sequence ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AY236870","term_id":"32395927","term_text":"AY236870"}}AY236870), and here report the complete sequencing of the entire MUC19 cDNA. One highly variable region (HVR) was discovered in the 5′ end of MUC19. A total of 20 different splicing variants were detected in HVR, and 18 variants are able to translate into proteins along with the rest of the MUC19 sequence. The longest variant of MUC19 consists of 182 exons, with a transcript of approximately 25 kb. A central exon of approximately 12 kb contains highly repetitive sequences and has no intron interruption. The deduced MUC19 protein has the bona fide gel-forming mucin structure, VWD-VWD-VWD-“threonine/serine-rich repeats”-VWC-CT. An unusual structural feature of MUC19, which is lacking in other gel-forming mucins, is its long amino terminus upstream of the first VWD domain. The long amino terminus is mostly translated from the sequences in HVR, and contains serine-rich repetitive sequences. To validate the integrity of the MUC19 sequence, primers from both the 3′ and 5′ end were used to demonstrate a similar tissue expression pattern of MUC19 in trachea and salivary glands. In addition, antibodies were developed against either the amino (N) or carboxy (C) terminus of MUC19, and similar antibody staining patterns were observed in both salivary and tracheal submucosal glands. In conclusion, we have cloned and elucidated the entire MUC19 gene, which will facilitate understanding of the function and regulation of this important, yet understudied, mucin gene in airway diseases.
Supporting information from Defect segregation facilitates oxygen transport at fluorite UO2 grain boundaries
Creators: name: A. R. Symington
name: M. Molinari
name: N. A. Brincat
name: N. R. Williams
name: S. C. Parker
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Chemistry
subject: 30399 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30799 Theoretical and Computational Chemistry not elsewhere classified

description: An important challenge for modelling transport in materials for energy applications is that in most applications they are polycrystalline, and hence it is critical to understand the properties in the presence of grain boundaries. Moreover, most grain boundaries are not pristine stoichiometric interfaces and hence dopants are likely to play a significant role. In this paper, we describe our recent work on using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to model the effect of doped grain boundaries on oxygen transport of fluorite structured UO2. UO2, much like other fluorite grain boundaries are found to be sinks for oxygen vacancy segregation relative to the grain interior, thus facilitating oxygen transport. Fission products further enhance diffusivity via strong interactions between the impurities and oxygen defects. Doping produces a striking structural alteration in the Σ5 class of grain boundaries that enhances oxygen diffusivity even further.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Energy materials for a low carbon future’.
An Exploration of Bayesian Techniques in Application to the Matrix Element Method and tth Processes
Creators: name: Simpson, Nathan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: particle physics
nested sampling
bayesian inference
matrix element method

description: Abstract Bayesian inference is a technique used to statistically sample from the “posterior” probability distribution of unknown parameters in a model. This was successfully applied to the reconstruction of neutrino momenta in tth events by using the Matrix Element Method to define a likelihood function for use in an inference algorithm known as nested sampling. Many implementations of nested sampling were explored; PolyChord and Nestle performed the best in application to this problem. A strong correlation between reconstructed neutrino momenta and the momentum values at truth level was found when analysing simulated signal data at √s = 13 TeV. Moreover, this correlation was significantly worse when the permutation of outgoing b-jets from top quark decay were switched. Extensions to reduce repeated evaluations of the likelihood function – a key feature of nested sampling that incurs a high computational load due to the nature of calculating scattering cross-sections – are detailed for future work.
description: Submitted for the degree of Master of Physics (MPhys) with theoretical physics.
A Refined Laser Method and Faster Matrix Multiplication
Creators: name: Alman, Josh
name: Williams, Virginia Vassilevska
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The complexity of matrix multiplication is measured in terms of $ω$, the smallest real number such that two $n\times n$ matrices can be multiplied using $O(n^{ω+ε})$ field operations for all $ε>0$; the best bound until now is $ω<2.37287$ [Le Gall'14]. All bounds on $ω$ since 1986 have been obtained using the so-called laser method, a way to lower-bound the `value' of a tensor in designing matrix multiplication algorithms. The main result of this paper is a refinement of the laser method that improves the resulting value bound for most sufficiently large tensors. Thus, even before computing any specific values, it is clear that we achieve an improved bound on $ω$, and we indeed obtain the best bound on $ω$ to date: $$ω< 2.37286.$$ The improvement is of the same magnitude as the improvement that [Le Gall'14] obtained over the previous bound [Vassilevska W.'12]. Our improvement to the laser method is quite general, and we believe it will have further applications in arithmetic complexity.
description: 32 pages; TheoretiCS journal version
Augmented Reality Television
Creators: name: Saeghe, Pejman
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 80602 Computer-Human Interaction
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Augmented reality (AR) has shown potential in creating engaging entertainment experiences for the general public. In this paper we take a user-centred design approach to a specific case of AR entertainment, specifically AR TV hybrid experience. We first investigate the passive AR TV viewing experience by adding AR artefacts to an existing TV programme. A prototype was implemented augmenting a popular nature documentary. Synchronised content was delivered using a Microsoft HoloLens and a TV. We evaluated the prototype with a user-study (n=12). Our results suggest adding AR artefacts to an existing TV programme can create an engaging user experience. We propose a hackathon and subsequent prototyping of an original short piece of AR TV to explore stakeholder expectations, in particular content creators and early adopters. Findings from this body of work will help TV content creators in producing engaging experiences that leverage AR’s properties.
Suppression of static ZZ interaction in an all-transmon quantum processor
Creators: name: Zhao, Peng
name: Lan, Dong
name: Xu, Peng
name: Xue, Guangming
name: Blank, Mace
name: Tan, Xinsheng
name: Yu, Haifeng
name: Yu, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The superconducting transmon qubit is currently a leading qubit modality for quantum computing, but gate performance in quantum processor with transmons is often insufficient to support running complex algorithms for practical applications. It is thus highly desirable to further improve gate performance. Due to the weak anharmonicity of transmon, a static ZZ interaction between coupled transmons commonly exists, undermining the gate performance, and in long term, it can become performance limiting. Here we theoretically explore a previously unexplored parameter region in an all-transmon system to address this issue. We show that an feasible parameter region, where the ZZ interaction is heavily suppressed while leaving XY interaction with an adequate strength to implement two-qubit gates, can be found for all-transmon systems. Thus, two-qubit gates, such as cross-resonance gate or iSWAP gate, can be realized without the detrimental effect from static ZZ interaction. To illustrate this, we demonstrate that an iSWAP gate with fast gate speed and dramatically lower conditional phase error can be achieved. Scaling up to large-scale transmon quantum processor, especially the cases with fixed coupling, addressing error, idling error, and crosstalk that arises from static ZZ interaction could also be strongly suppressed.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
A novel family of rotating black hole mimickers
Creators: name: Mazza, Jacopo
name: Franzin, Edgardo
name: Liberati, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent opening of gravitational wave astronomy has shifted the debate about black hole mimickers from a purely theoretical arena to a phenomenological one. In this respect, missing a definitive quantum gravity theory, the possibility to have simple, meta-geometries describing in a compact way alternative phenomenologically viable scenarios is potentially very appealing. A recently proposed metric by Simpson and Visser is exactly an example of such meta-geometry describing, for different values of a single parameter, different non-rotating black hole mimickers. Here, we employ the Newman--Janis procedure to construct a rotating generalisation of such geometry. We obtain a stationary, axially symmetric metric that depends on mass, spin and an additional real parameter $\ell$. According to the value of such parameter, the metric may represent a rotating traversable wormhole, a rotating regular black hole with one or two horizons, or three more limiting cases. By studying the internal and external rich structure of such solutions, we show that the obtained metric describes a family of interesting and simple regular geometries providing viable Kerr black hole mimickers for future phenomenological studies.
description: 20+ pages, lots of pictures. (v2) Minor fixes, references added. (v3) Typos corrected in eq.s (4.8) and (A.4e), as well as in fig.s (5) and (6); no major change
Time dependence in $B\to V\ell\ell$ decays
Creators: name: Descotes-Genon, Sébastien
name: Virto, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the theory and phenomenology of $B_{d,s}\to V(\to M_1M_2)\ell\ell$ decays in the presence of neutral-meson mixing. We derive expressions for the time-dependent angular distributions for decays into CP eigenstates, and identify the relevant observables that can be extracted from time-integrated and time-dependent analyses with or without tagging, with a focus on the difference between measurements at $B$-factories and hadronic machines. We construct two observables of interest, which we call $Q_8^-$ and $Q_9$, and which are theoretically clean at large recoil. We compute these two observables in the Standard Model, and show that they have good potential for New Physics searches by considering their sensitivity to benchmark New Physics scenarios consistent with current $b\to s\ell\ell$ data. These results apply to decays such as $B_d\to K^*(\to K_Sπ^0)\ell\ell$, $B_s\to ϕ(\to K_SK_L)\ell\ell$ and $B_s\to ϕ(\to K^+K^-)\ell\ell$.
description: 39 pages, 3 figures. Typos corrected. Matches published version
O’ Brother, Where Art Thou? Responses to the Problem of Suffering
Creators: name: Huff, Ashley Davis
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: In a world where human beings frequently face pain and suffering, the question of how to justify the existence of an all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-loving God amidst the prevalence of evil continues to be a persistent debate within theological studies. This thesis re-examines traditional answers to the problem of evil to prioritize the perspective of the sufferer, determining which answers to questions concerning the nature of evil and limitations of divine power compellingly console and benefit one who has personally experienced suffering and is attempting to reconcile their horrendous experience with a belief in a God. Through framing theological perspectives on the problem of evil through the questions asked and inspired by Mary and Martha in John 11, this thesis explores the problem of evil as it relates to modern sufferers, equipping individuals with practical solutions to navigate the complexities of suffering.
Transversal families of nonlinear projections and generalizations of Favard length
Creators: name: Bongers, Rosemarie
name: Taylor, Krystal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A75, 28A80

description: Projections detect information about the size, geometric arrangement, and dimension of sets. To approach this, one can study the energies of measures supported on a set and the energies for the corresponding pushforward measures on the projection side. For orthogonal projections, quantitative estimates rely on a separation condition: most points are well-differentiated by most projections. It turns out that this idea also applies to a broad class of nonlinear projection-type operators satisfying a \textit{transversality condition}. In this work, we establish that several important classes of nonlinear projections are transversal. This leads to quantitative lower bounds for decay rates for nonlinear variants of Favard length, including Favard curve length (as well as a new generalization to higher dimensions, called Favard surface length) and visibility measurements associated to radial projections. As one application, we provide a simplified proof for the decay rate of the Favard curve length of generations of the four corner Cantor set, first established by Cladek, Davey, and Taylor.
Robust quantum state transfer using tunable couplers
Creators: name: Sete, Eyob A.
name: Mlinar, Eric
name: Korotkov, Alexander N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the transfer of a quantum state between two resonators connected by a superconducting transmission line. Nearly perfect state-transfer efficiency can be achieved by using adjustable couplers and destructive interference to cancel the back-reflection into the transmission line at the receiving coupler. We show that the transfer protocol is robust to parameter variations affecting the transmission amplitudes of the couplers. We also show that the effects of Gaussian filtering, pulse-shape noise, and multiple reflections on the transfer efficiency are insignificant. However, the transfer protocol is very sensitive to frequency mismatch between the two resonators. Moreover, the tunable coupler we considered produces time-varying frequency detuning caused by the changing coupling. This detuning requires an active frequency compensation with an accuracy better than 90% to yield the transfer efficiency above 99%.
description: 25 pages, 17 figures; published version
Glioblastoma Multiforme Invasion Assay Optimization and Analysis
Creators: name: Redding, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: A promising category of GBM therapeutic agents are activators of cyclic mediated adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production. cAMP, a type of second messenger, has been shown to have lower expression levels in many different types of cancer but the reason and mechanism of its downregulation is unknown. The compartmentalized functions of the cAMP pathway and the signaling that occurs in distinct microdomains make it complicated to study. Here, we describe the effects of cAMP activation on the growth and invasion of GBM neurospheres. The pharmaceutical treatment forskolin and the photoactivatable bPAC were used as methods of cAMP production activation in MMK1 cells. Forskolin significantly decreased the growth and invasion of neurospheres in the presence and absence of bPAC, supporting the hypothesis that cAMP production activation decreases GBM invasion. However, cells treated with bPAC as a means for activating cAMP production did not show significant differences in growth or invasion. Future studies should continue to optimize the use of bPAC site-specifically, in order to localize the activation of cAMP production.
description: Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a type of highly invasive brain tumor. The visualization of invasive cellular structures, known as invadapodia, has been an important tool for measuring GBM cancer cell invasion. One assay for measuring invasion relies on imaging dark areas created by the invadapodia as they degrade a fluorescent gelatin matrix. Here, the optimization of this assay is described, along with its use in a preliminary study investigating the role of the cofilin protein in invasion. Additionally, an automated invasion analysis pipeline was developed using the Cell Profiler software. The high-throughput approach can save time and remove user bias from the image analysis process. Along with the assay, the pipeline provides a new method to quantify GBM cancer cell invasion. This method can be used to elucidate which proteins are important to invadopodia formation and subsequently build more targeted therapeutics for GBM.
General relativity as an extended canonical gauge theory
Creators: name: Struckmeier, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is widely accepted that the fundamental geometrical law of nature should follow from an action principle. The particular subset of transformations of a system's dynamical variables that maintain the form of the action principle comprises the group of canonical transformations. In the context of canonical field theory, the adjective "extended" signifies that not only the fields but also the space-time geometry is subject to transformation. Thus, in order to be physical, the transition to another, possibly noninertial frame of reference must necessarily constitute an extended canonical transformation that defines the general mapping of the connection coefficients, hence the quantities that determine the space-time curvature and torsion of the respective reference frame. The canonical transformation formalism defines simultaneously the transformation rules for the conjugates of the connection coefficients and for the Hamiltonian. As will be shown, this yields unambiguously a particular Hamiltonian that is form-invariant under the canonical transformation of the connection coefficients and thus satisfies the general principle of relativity. This Hamiltonian turns out to be a quadratic function of the curvature tensor. Its Legendre-transformed counterpart then establishes a unique Lagrangian description of the dynamics of space-time that is not postulated but derived from basic principles, namely the action principle and the general principle of relativity. Moreover, the resulting theory satisfies the principle of scale invariance and is renormalizable.
description: 14 pages
Coupled Nucleotide and Mucin Hypersecretion from Goblet-Cell Metaplastic Human Airway Epithelium
Creators: name: Abdullah, Lubna H.
name: Davis, C. William
name: Okada, Seiko F.
name: Pickles, Raymond J.
name: Kreda, Silvia M.
name: Lazarowski, Eduardo R.
name: Boucher, Richard C.
name: Zhang, Liqun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its metabolite adenosine regulate airway mucociliary clearance via activation of purinoceptors. In this study, we investigated the contribution of goblet cells to airway epithelial ATP release. Primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cultures, typically dominated by ciliated cells, were induced to develop goblet cell metaplasia by infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or treatment with IL-13. Under resting conditions, goblet-cell metaplastic cultures displayed enhanced mucin secretion accompanied by increased rates of ATP release and mucosal surface adenosine accumulation as compared with nonmetaplastic control HBE cultures. Intracellular calcium chelation [1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid tetraacetoxymethyl ester] or disruption of the secretory pathways (nocodazole, brefeldin A, and N-ethylmaleimide) decreased mucin secretion and ATP release in goblet-cell metaplastic HBE cultures. Conversely, stimuli that triggered calcium-regulated mucin secretion (e.g., ionomycin or UTP) increased luminal ATP release and adenyl purine accumulation in control and goblet-cell metaplastic HBE cultures. Goblet cell–associated ATP release was not blocked by the connexin/pannexin hemichannel inhibitor carbenoxolone, suggesting direct nucleotide release from goblet cell vesicles rather than the hemichannel insertion. Collectively, our data demonstrate that nucleotide release is increased by goblet cell metaplasia, reflecting, at least in part, a mechanism tightly associated with goblet cell mucin secretion. Increased goblet cell nucleotide release and resultant adenosine accumulation provide compensatory mechanisms to hydrate mucins by paracrine stimulation of ciliated cell ion and water secretion and maintain mucociliary clearance, and to modulate inflammatory responses.
A Dynamic Cross-Domain Access Control Model for Collaborative Healthcare Application
Creators: name: Shahraki, Ahmad Salehi
name: Rudolph, Carsten
name: Marthie Grobler
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 80303 Computer System Security
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 100510 Wireless Communications
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 100504 Data Communications

description: Abstract—Authorization models have become a hot topic for
debate in recent years because of sharing healthcare data among different resources. Although authorization models have been developed and applied to various applications to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive healthcare data, there is no system model on cross-domain access control and combined context of team collaboration and workflow. This paper describes a cross-domain healthcare scenario based on current issues and interaction of relevant entities. This work has led us to propose a new fully decentralized access control framework for a dynamic cross-domain
authorization model, where this framework is policy
based to meet the requirements of cross-domain in healthcare environments.
Dual Localized Objects From M-Branes Over AdS_4 x S^7/Z_k
Creators: name: Naghdi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a few ansatzs for the four and seven forms of 11-dimensional supergravity over AdS_4 x S^7/Z_k while try to keep the geometry unchanged. From the 4-form equations, we arrive at some massless scalars and pseudoscalars in the bulk of Euclidean AdS_4 that match with some boundary $Δ_+$=3 operators. Indeed, the main objects are instantons and domain walls as the fully and partially localized objects in the external space, respectively. The latter comes from an (anti)M5-brane wrapping partly around three internal directions similar to the fuzzy S^3/Z_k solutions. Except for the first solutions of adding some anti-M2-branes$\mid$(M2-branes) to the original M2-branes, the objects backreact on the geometry although small$\mid$(break all supersymmetries and destabilize the vacua). The dual 3-dimensional field theory solutions are got by the skew-whiffing 8_s $\rightarrow$ 8_v and 8_s $\rightarrow$ 8_c for the scalars and pseudoscalars respectively, while the gauge fields are used mainly for the k=1,2 cases where the R-symmetry and supersymmetry are enhanced as SU(4) x U(1) $\rightarrow$ SO(8) and N=6 $\rightarrow$ N=8 respectively, and also for pseudoscalars. Further, for the pseudoscalars we propose a special boundary deformation, with a fermion field, that is equivalent to a multi-trace deformation already studied for the bulk m^2=-2 conformally coupled pseudoscalar.
description: 20 pages, than the v2 version: minor changes, some discussions improved, references added and typos fixed
Testing the Associations between Prenatal Stress, Prenatal Diet Quality, and Infant Temperament at 6 Months of Age
Creators: name: Fagerberg, Emma
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: This study aims to better understand how different factors that impact a fetus’ in utero environment may have a later impact on behavior. Specifically, this study investigates how perceived prenatal stress affects biologically exerted stress and, in turn, how each of these may affect infant temperament as measured at six months of infant age. Prenatal diet was analyzed in a similar way. To determine if these effects are compounding, this study also considered the interactive effects of both prenatal stress—perceived and biological—and prenatal diet on early infant temperament. This study is novel in the field of child development, as whole diet quality and stress are rarely seen considered together in studies focused on pregnant individuals. The results of this study may provide support for future research in this area.
C-Terminus of Heat Shock Protein 70–Interacting Protein–Dependent GTP Cyclohydrolase I Degradation in Lambs with Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow
Creators: name: Hess, John
name: Haag, Sebastian
name: Rehmani, Imran
name: Fineman, Jeffery R.
name: Sharma, Shruti
name: Fratz, Sohrab
name: Schreiber, Christian
name: Black, Stephen M.
name: Kumar, Sanjiv
name: Rafikov, Ruslan
name: Tian, Jing
name: Sun, Xutong
name: Reiser, Judith
name: Catravas, John D.
name: Hou, Yali
name: Smith, Anita
name: Patterson, Cam
name: Naumann, Susanne
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: We showed that nitric oxide (NO) signaling is decreased in the pulmonary vasculature before the development of endothelial dysfunction in a lamb model of congenital heart disease and increased pulmonary blood flow (Shunt). The elucidation of the molecular mechanism by which this occurs was the purpose of this study. Here, we demonstrate that concentrations of the endogenous NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), are elevated, whereas the NOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is decreased in Shunt lambs. Our previous studies demonstrated that ADMA decreases heat shock protein–90 (Hsp90) chaperone activity, whereas other studies suggest that guanosine-5′-triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1), the rate-limiting enzyme in the generation of BH4, may be a client protein for Hsp90. Thus, we determined whether increases in ADMA could alter GCH1 protein and activity. Our data demonstrate that ADMA decreased GCH1 protein, but not mRNA concentrations, in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) because of the ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation of GCH1. We also found that Hsp90–GCH1 interactions were reduced, whereas the association of GCH1 with Hsp70 and the C-terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) increased in ADMA-exposed PAECs. The overexpression of CHIP potentiated, whereas a CHIP U-box domain mutant attenuated, ADMA-induced GCH1 degradation and reductions in cellular BH4 concentrations. We also found in vivo that Hsp90/GCH1 interactions are decreased, whereas GCH1–Hsp70 and GCH1–CHIP interactions and GCH1 ubiquitination are increased. Finally, we found that supplementation with l-arginine restored Hsp90–GCH1 interactions and increased both BH4 and NOx concentrations in Shunt lambs. In conclusion, increased concentrations of ADMA can indirectly alter NO signaling through decreased cellular BH4 concentrations, secondary to the disruption of Hsp90–GCH1 interactions and the CHIP-dependent proteasomal degradation of GCH1.
Geist, Gehirn, Maschine
Creators: name: Ruiz De La Peña, Juan Luis
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 16 Nr. 3 (1987): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 16, Heft 3
Dynamics of elastic, nonheavy spheres sedimenting in a rectangular duct
Creators: name: Behrendt, Isabell
name: Schoenecker, Clarissa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding of sedimentation dynamics of particles in bounded fluids is of crucial importance for a wide variety of processes. While there is profound knowledge base regarding the sedimentation of rigid solid particles, the fundamental principles of sedimentation dynamics of elastic, nonheavy spheres in bounded fluids are not well understood. Therefore, we performed sedimentation of deformable, elastic solid spheres with particle Reynolds numbers much smaller than 1 in a model experiment. The spheres started from rest in a rectangular duct with a width of about 23 times the radius R of the sphere. The particle dynamics of elastic spheres differed fundamentally from that of rigid spheres. Elastic effects were found to take place on comparatively large time scales, such that elastic spheres underwent four phases of sedimentation. Phases I and II, including transient acceleration and a short steady velocity plateau, are comparable with sedimentation of rigid spheres. From a characteristic onset position of about 10R, deformability effects kick in and a second acceleration appears (phase III). In the fourth phase, the deformable spheres reach the terminal sedimentation velocity. The softer the spheres are, the higher the terminal velocity is. In the present setup, a terminal velocity up to 9 percent higher than the velocity for comparable rigid spheres was reached. By means of the obtained data, insights into the dynamics are given that could serve as basic approaches for modelling the dynamics of elastic spheres in bounded fluids.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Hysteresis between distinct modes of turbulent dynamos
Creators: name: Karak, Bidya Binay
name: Kitchatinov, Leonid L.
name: Brandenburg, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear mean-field models of the solar dynamo show long-term variability, which may be relevant to different states of activity inferred from long-term radiocarbon data. This paper is aimed to probe the dynamo hysteresis predicted by the recent mean-field models of Kitchatinov \& Olemskoy (2010) with direct numerical simulations. We perform three-dimensional simulations of large-scale dynamos in a shearing box with helically forced turbulence. As initial condition, we either take a weak random magnetic field or we start from a snapshot of an earlier simulation. Two quasi-stable states are found to coexist in a certain range of parameters close to the onset of the large-scale dynamo. The simulations converge to one of these states depending on the initial conditions. When either the fractional helicity or the magnetic Prandtl number is increased between successive runs above the critical value for onset of the dynamo, the field strength jumps to a finite value. However, when the fractional helicity or the magnetic Prandtl number is then decreased again, the field strength stays at a similar value (strong field branch) even below the original onset. We also observe intermittent decaying phases away from the strong field branch close to the point where large-scale dynamo action is just possible. The dynamo hysteresis seen previously in mean-field models is thus reproduced by 3D simulations. Its possible relation to distinct modes of solar activity such as grand minima is discussed.
description: Published in ApJ
Fermat's principle in constant gravitational field
Creators: name: Gonera, Joanna
name: Kosinski, Piotr
name: Piwnik, Joanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently (Int.Journ.Mod.Phys. D27 (2018), 1847025) an interesting property of closed light rings in Kerr black holes has been noticed. We explain its origin and derive a slightly more general result.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
La ortografía: aspectos relevantes y uso de mayúsuclas y minúsculas
Creators: name: Criales Cárdenas, Diana Patricia
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: Recurso multimedia del mooc Corrección de textos jurídicos en el cual se expone los momentos en que se debe emplear las mayúsculas y las minúsculas cuando se redacta un texto.
El artículo y su relación con el lenguaje inclusivo
Creators: name: Criales Cárdenas, Diana Patricia
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: Recurso multimedia del mooc Corrección de textos jurídicos en el cual se dan insumos para conocer si una palabra es masculina o femenina y se dan a conocer los parámetros establecidos para emplear correctamente el lenguaje inclusivo.
Assessing the Physical and Immune Response of Intestinal Organoids for Necrotizing Enterocolitis using NEC-in-a-Dish
Creators: name: Melbouci, Eve
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease that impacts the intestinal tract, which most commonly occurs in preterm infants. Its pathogenesis is unknown, but previous studies have found that an alteration in the intestinal microbiome, in particular the bacterial components and concentration, may induce the epithelial damage in NEC as well as the release of cytokines and proteins as a bodily defense. In order to assess the epithelial damage associated with NEC, a high throughput system was developed through “NEC-in-a-Dish” experiments performed on apical-out enteroids using bacteria from patients with NEC. Enteroids were dyed and exposed to the bacteria for 240 minutes and images were captured every 30 minutes. The immune response was measured using a “NEC-in-a-Dish” experiment on apical-out enteroids using bacteria from patients with NEC. Enteroids were exposed to the bacteria for 240 minutes and the RNA was run through a qPCR for quantification of TNF-α, IL-1β, and Muc2. Epithelial damage was observed, but there was no significant change in fluorescent signal, indicative of damage, between experimental and controls. An immune response was observed in the expression levels of TNF-α but not of IL-1β and Muc2. These results will act as preliminary data for drug efficacy tests as enteroids exposed to NEC bacteria are treated with possible drugs.
Maximal Anderson Localization and Suppression of Surface Plasmons in Two-Dimensional Random Au Networks
Creators: name: Schultz, Johannes
name: Hiekel, Karl
name: Potapov, Pavel
name: Römer, Rudolf A.
name: Khavlyuk, Pavel
name: Eychmüller, Alexander
name: Lubk, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional random metal networks possess unique electrical and optical properties, such as almost total optical transparency and low sheet resistance, which are closely related to their disordered structure. Here we present a detailed experimental and theoretical investigation of their plasmonic properties, revealing Anderson (disorder-driven) localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonances of very large quality factors and spatial localization close to the theoretical maximum, which couple to electromagnetic waves. Moreover, they disappear above a geometry-dependent threshold at ca. 1.7 eV in the investigated Au networks, explaining their large transparencies in the optical spectrum.
INDIGO - INventory and DIsseminate Graffiti along the dOnaukanal
Creators: name: Verhoeven, Geert Julien
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: cultural heritage
Danube channel
database
disseminate
Donaukanal
graffiti
INDIGO
inventory
ÖAW
photography
Vienna

description: This presentation provides a high-level introduction into the ÖAW-funded graffiti research project INDIGO
description: The INDIGO graffiti project is funded by the Heritage Science Austria programme of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW)
Where's the data? A story of data discovery, cleaning, and equality
Creators: name: Hofelich Mohr, Alicia
name: Hudson Vitale, Cynthia
name: Herndon, Joel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Data management and archiving
Data cleaning
Data Cite
CrossRef

description: This is a story about the challenges and opportunities that surfaced while answering a deceptively complex question - where's the data? As faculty and researchers publish articles, datasets, and other research outputs to meet promotion and tenure requirements, address federal funding policies, and institutional open access and data sharing policies, many online locations for publishing these materials have developed over time. How can we capture where all of the research generated on an academic campus is shared and preserved? This presentation will discuss how our multi-institution collaboration, the Reality of Academic Data Sharing (RADS) Initiative, sought to answer this question. We programmatically pulled DOIs from DataCite and CrossRef, making the naive assumption that these platforms, the two predominant DOI registration agencies for US data, would present us with a neutral and unbiased view of where data from our affiliated researchers were shared. However, as we dug into the data, we found inconsistencies in the use and completeness of the necessary metadata fields for our questions, as well as differences in how DOIs were assigned across repositories. Additionally, we recognized the systematic and privileged bias introduced by our choice of data sources. Specifically, while DataCite and CrossRef provide easy discovery of research outputs because they aggregate DOIs, they are also costly commercial services. Many repositories that cannot afford such services or lack local staffing and knowledge required to use these services are left out of the technology that has recently been labeled “global research infrastructure”. Our presentation will identify the challenges we encountered in conducting this research specifically around finding the data, and cleaning and interpreting the data. We will further engage the audience in a discussion around increasing representation in the global research infrastructure to discover and account for more research outputs.
Magnons and Excitation Continuum in XXZ triangular antiferromagnetic model: Application to $Ba_3CoSb_2O_9$
Creators: name: Ghioldi, E. A.
name: Mezio, A.
name: Manuel, L. O.
name: Singh, R. R. P.
name: Oitmaa, J.
name: Trumper, A. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the excitation spectrum of the triangular-lattice antiferromagnetic $XXZ$ model using series expansions and mean field Schwinger bosons approaches. The single-magnon spectrum computed with series expansions exhibits rotonic minima at the middle points of the edges of the Brillouin zone, for all values of the anisotropy parameter in the range $0\leq J^z/J\leq1$. Based on the good agreement with series expansions for the single-magnon spectrum, we compute the full dynamical magnetic structure factor within the mean field Schwinger boson approach to investigate the relevance of the $XXZ$ model for the description of the unusual spectrum found recently in $Ba_3CoSb_2O_9$. In particular, we obtain an extended continuum above the spin wave excitations, which is further enhanced and brought closer to those observed in $Ba_3CoSb_2O_9$ with the addition of a second neighbor exchange interaction approximately 15% of the nearest-neighbor value. Our results support the idea that excitation continuum with substantial spectral-weight are generically present in two-dimensional frustrated spin systems and fractionalization in terms of {\it bosonic} spinons presents an efficient way to describe them.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures