cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Potential of PV-Carports to Cover the Energy Demand of Road Passenger Transport
Creators: name: Neumann, H.M.
name: Schär, D.
name: Tappeser, B.
name: Baumgartner, F.P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
PV and Architecture

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3977-3986
description: Transport accounts for 31% of Swiss green house gas emissions due to the high degree of oil
dependence in transport energy supply. The emissions of transport could be reduced significantly if all the vehicles
that ran on fossil fuels would be replaced by electric vehicles powered by photovoltaic solar energy. Compared to
other sources of renewable transport energy, photovoltaic generation of electricity has two advantages: It requires
little space and can also be applied to built-up areas or transport infrastructure. In this paper, we will examine the
potential of parking lots for the photovoltaic generation of solar electricity. The paper is based on simulations that
were carried out for 48 parking lots in Frauenfeld, a typical medium-sized Swiss city of 22.665 inhabitants. Covered
with solar carports, these parking lots alone would cover 15% - 40% of the energy demand by the city´s road passenger transport.
Investigations of the Response of a Photovoltaic Power Generator to Mechanical Vibrations
Creators: name: Schmid, J.
name: Kancsar, E.
name: Drapalik, M.
name: Schlosser, V.
name: Klinger, G.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3301-3304
description: Mechanical vibrations of a solar module mounting rack cause oscillations in the orientation of the
module towards the sun. The resulting intensity oscillations of the incident light originate an a.c. current at the module’s
terminals. We have investigated this effect in the laboratory by means of a vibration table and outdoors where
wind forces induce vibrations of the mounting rack. Although the collected results are specific and restricted to our
experimental set up and environmental situation we deduce that vibration induced current transients and oscillations
of a solar module’s output most often will be the dominant origin of distortion in the low frequency regime.
Inline Processed Flexible Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells Using Linear PECVD Sources
Creators: name: Van Aken, B.B.
name: Devilee, C.
name: Dörenkämper, M.
name: Heijna, M.C.R.
name: Löffler, J.
name: Soppe, W.J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3083-3086
description: Using linear VHF- and RF-PECVD plasma sources, we have deposited intrinsic and doped silicon
layers for roll-to-roll fabrication of thin film silicon solar cells on flexible steel foil substrates. First amorphous
silicon solar cells have been made using this PECVD system resulting in efficiencies up to 6.6%.
Optimizing the Density of Holes of EWT Solar Cells Taking into Consideration Mechanical Aspects
Creators: name: Barredo Egusquiza, J.
name: Hermanns, L.
name: Del Rey, I.
name: Fraile, A.
name: Alarcón, E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterisation and Modelling

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1585-1588
description: EWT solar cells start from drilled wafers with approximately 100 holes/cm2. These holes act as stress
concentrators leading to a reduction in the mechanical strength of this type of wafers. The viability of cells with
higher density of holes has been studied. To this end, sets of wafers with different density of holes have been
characterized. The ring on ring test has been employed and FE models have been developed to simulate the test. The
statistical evaluation permits to draw conclusions about the reduction of the strength depending on the density of
holes. Moreover, the stress concentration around the holes has been studied by means of the FE method employing
the sub-modeling technique. The maximum principal stress of EWT wafers with twice the density of holes of
commercial ones is almost the same. However, the mutual interaction between the stress concentration effects around
neighboring holes is only observed for wafers with a density of 200 holes/cm2.
Electrical Behavior and Optimization of Panels and Reflector of a Photovoltaic Floating Plant
Creators: name: Tina, G.M.
name: Rosa-Clot, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4371-4375
description: The purpose of this work is to study the PV module efficiency in the presence of flat reflectors that
can determine an uneven irradiance on the PV surface. In particular the effect of different connections (in series
and/or in parallel) of PV cells strings constituting a PV module is analyzed theoretically and experimentally.
Furthermore, the presence of the water cooling system that keeps the temperature of PV cells low and uniform is
carefully considered. General considerations are applied to a photovoltaic power plant, floating in the water with
tracking and cooling system, that consists in a circular floating platform which supports PV panels. The cooling
of the panel is ensured by a veil of water generated by a set of irrigators located on the top of the panel. A set of
reflectors on the back of the PV panel further increases the plant efficiency. Two possible solutions for this
system have been considered.
An experimental set-up has been realized in the laboratory of the University of Catania where two strings of three
modules have been installed as well as a string of mirrors on the back of the first row. These different
configurations have been studied using a suitable data acquisition system.
Estimation of Global Solar Radiation for Brasov Urban Area – Clear Sky Conditions
Creators: name: Coste, L.
name: Eftimie, E.
name: Serban, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4376-4380
description: Due to the small number of meteorological stations that offer measurements in the solar energy subject
(global, direct and diffuse radiation on a horizontal surface and the sunshine period) mathematical modelling of solar
radiation represents a feasible way to determine the information for all needed areas. Two empirical models for
estimating the global solar radiation in clear sky conditions, specific to Braov urban area, are presented in this paper.
The region exhibits some typically features with respect to topology, the climatology and the environment. The
proposed empirical models were developed based on the meteorological data sets recorded by the Delta-T local
weather station. The first empirical model consists of twelve equations specific for every month of the year (Bv1),
and the second model proposes two equations (Bv2), one equation for the warm months and one equation for the cold
months of the year. Real and theoretic superimposed diagrams for the global radiation daily variation will be
presented. The proposed models performances were estimated with statistical indicators, RMSE [kWh/m2], MBE
[kWh/m2], MPE [%] and t-statistic test. In this way, daily, monthly, annually values and diagrams of the statistical
indicators will be presented.
A Study on the Electrode Degradation of Photovoltaic Module
Creators: name: Jung, T.-H.
name: Won, C.-S.
name: Shin, J.-O.
name: Kim, T.-B.
name: Ji, Y.-G.
name: Kong, J.-H.
name: Kang, G.-H.
name: Ahn, H.-K.
name: Han, D.-Y.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3424-3426
description: In this paper, electrode resistance of a crystalline silicon photovoltaic module is reviewed by changes
of environmental effects which are critical in expecting stable output power and long term durability. Electrodes of
solar cell were exposed to high humidity, temperature and especially electric current, respectively. From the results,
that humidity accelerates corrosion of the electrodes leading to abrupt degradation of the module. Electric current
restrain the electrodes degradation of solar cell in module. From thurther experiment. We confirmed that electric
current has influence on electrode degradation of solar cell connected ribbon .
Mechanical Challenges of PV - Modules and its Embedded Cells - Experiment and Finite Element Analysis
Creators: name: Dietrich, S.
name: Pander, M.
name: Ebert, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3427-3431
description: Within recent research special mechanical challenges on solar modules and cells were investigated.
Recordings on photovoltaic installations showed that around 68 % of mechanical failed modules were due to
dimensioning problems. Those dimensioning problems can occur from insufficient module design as well as the
mounting and substructure design.
Furthermore first steps in simulation models of embedded cells were created. Within a modelling concept three levels of
topolgy were identified. Those levels are the cell, the cell string and the module with embedded cells. Within these
models several thermal processes can be simulated starting from the firing process of the cell until the lamination of the
module. In parameter studies the cell bow and residual stresses from the firing process were investigated.
Effects of Different Data Collection Strategies on Outdoor Performance Measurements and Degradation
Creators: name: Zhu, J.
name: Qiu, Y.
name: Betts, T.R.
name: Gottschalg, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3439-3445
description: The accuracy of any analysis of PV module characteristics measured outdoor is normally affected by the
following factors: meteorological conditions experienced during the measurements, locations where module are installed,
different instrumentation used for measuring and recording approaches. Results can also be changed by the strategies used for
data selection and analysis. With the aim of investigating degradation in modules, the performance parameters require a
narrow uncertainty are needed as typically degradation rate of modules is less than 1% per year. A data collection and
analysis strategy is presented that allow such an accuracy for PV modules deployed outdoors. This is then used for the
analysis of long-term measurement campaign of amorphous silicon devices. The proposed data selection approach uses ISC as
a measure of irradiance, which is also known as self-reference. This minimizes the spectral effects as well as the angle of
incidence effects. Probability density functions (pdf) are used, which provide more information for the analysis of module
degradation, i.e. the distribution of parameters may reflect the degradation modes of modules. The pdf results of PMPP, FF and
VOC are presented and compared to the results of averages +/- standard deviations. Distributions shift slightly over year
indicating the degradation in modules. The uncertainties of performance parameters could be reduced to less than 1% for
yearly results with a confidence level above 60% for the modules operating at CREST.
MDP Lifetime Measurements as a Tool to Predict Solar Cell Efficiency
Creators: name: Van Wezep, D.A.
name: Van Der Velden, M.H.L.
name: Borsa, D.M.
name: Bosch, R.C.M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterisation and Modelling

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1423-1428
description: The main purpose of the amorphous, hydrogenated silicon nitride layer on the front of industrial type
multicrystalline silicon solar cells, besides anti-reflection, is to reduce recombination losses of photo-generated
carriers. The quality of the SiNx layer in the latter respect can be assessed either from the I-V characteristics of the
solar cells in terms of cell efficiency, open circuit voltage and short circuit current, or from the effective minority
carrier lifetime. The topic of this research is the correlation between cell efficiency and lifetime in the various stages
of the process, particularly after SiNx deposition and fast firing. Strong correlations (R2 > 0.95) between these
parameters were observed, both after PECVD and fast firing using spatially resolved Microwave Detected
Photoconductivity for the minority carrier lifetime measurements. Lifetime data after firing could be described by a
simple Shockley-Read-Hall model, assuming the defect density to vary along the length of the brick/ingot.
Open-Access-Publikationskosten 2022-2024: Beschreibung des Vorhabens ohne Anhänge
Creators: name: Timm-Giel, Andreas
name: Feldsien-Sudhaus, Inken
Publisher: name: TUHH Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Open Access
subject: DFG
subject: LIS
classificationCode: 020
subject: Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft

description: DFG-Projektantrag im Bereich„Wissenschaftliche Literaturversorgungs- und Informationssysteme“ (LIS) Förderprogramm: "Open-Access-Publikationskosten"
description: DFG project proposal in the area of "Scientific Literature Supply and Information Systems" (LIS) Funding program: "Open Access Publication Costs".
Intercomparison of Spectroradiometers for Outdoor Performance Monitoring
Creators: name: Krawczynski, M.
name: Strobel, M.B.
name: Gottschalg, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3406-3408
description: Spectral irradiance measurements are almost always omitted in PV monitoring systems. This is
due to relatively high cost of the spectroradiometers and the large amount of data that needs analyzing. Spectral
description of the irradiance allows to estimate the available energy within a specified bandwidth. PV modules
are wavelength selective and thus knowing the accurate spectral irradiance distribution will improve the
estimation of the available energy to a module. This can be used to enhance existing fault detection methods if
the associated measurement uncertainties are lower. This paper examines how accurate spectral measurements
can be by comparing field measurements of seven EKO MS-700 sensors with their factory calibration data.
Furthermore, the potential for minimizing measurement uncertainties by cross-comparing devices is investigated.
It is shown that the mean absolute deviation of single measurements can be as high as 0.5% and the mean bias
errors between tested devices lies mainly below 3% interval. The linearity of the spectroradiometers was
confirmed with reference light source in the lab. The comparison of spectral vs. broadband measurements of total
irradiation yields differences up to 20% for indoor and up to 8% for outdoor measurements.
Personal Experiences of EMDR Therapy within Secure Services
Creators: name: Allen, Marnie
Publisher: name: Cardiff Metropolitan University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Forensic psychology

description: The link between trauma, mental health difficulties and criminal behaviour is becoming widely acknowledged. Secure services primarily continue to offer offence-focused interventions. Little is known about why individuals engage in Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, which is neither offence-focused nor mandated, or how it may be beneficial in terms of recovery or risk reduction.
This study aimed to develop an understanding of personal experiences of EMDR therapy within secure services. An opportunistic sample of eight services users was recruited from secure services and invited to engage in a semi-structured interview to explore their experiences. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The analysis revealed four main themes that were central to participant experiences of engaging in EMDR therapy within a secure service.
The first was the ‘Decision to Engage in EMDR Therapy’ including ‘Accessing Information and the Unknown’ along with ‘Making a Personal Commitment to Engage in the Therapy’.
The second theme was the ‘Essential Support Structures’ that were in place and identified the ‘Challenges of a 'Secure Environment’ and the ‘Necessity of the Therapeutic Relationship’.
The third theme was the ‘EMDR Therapy Process’, which involved the ‘Functional Aspects of the use of Bilateral Stimulation’ and the ‘Visceral Impact of Engagement’.
The final theme was around ‘Identifying Personal Change’ that participants observed in relation to ‘Changes in Mental Health and Diagnosis’, ‘Insights and Reflections on Offending Behaviour’ and ‘Ability to Cope and Experience Hope for the Future’.
The study highlights how EMDR therapy was life changing for all of the participants involved and provides a detailed exploration of these aspects. EMDR therapy was not an easy therapy for participants to engage in and a number of relevant factors are identified that should be considered when offering a trauma intervention within a secure service. Further clinical implications are outlined.
Energy Yield Forecasting for High-Efficiency PV Systems in Three Locations Using Artificial Neural Networks
Creators: name: Strobel, M.B.
name: Zinsser, B.
name: Makrides, G.
name: Norton, M.
name: Betts, T.R.
name: Georghiou, G.E.
name: Schubert, M.
name: Gottschalg, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3409-3412
description: Estimating the return on upfront investment in PV systems is commonly achieved by forecasting their
lifetime energy yields from long-term meteorological datasets. This paper presents the use of artificial neural networks as
an empirical tool for predicting the energy yields of high-efficiency modules at three geographical locations. Contrary to
existing approaches, the minimal set of input parameters includes the angle of incidence, air mass and the clearness index
as well as in-plane irradiance and ambient air temperature. Results for reproducing measurements for three highefficiency
modules at Loughborough show that the overall accuracy for predicting bi-annual energy yields lie within
±2.5% when trained with an similarly sized training set. The maximum deviation for a single month lies below 4% which
compares favourably with the 5% found among a comparison of major European institutes’ module modelling
approaches. For Cyprus, with its higher irradiation levels, the maximum average deviation can be as low as
(0.41±2.32)%. The study investigates how sensitive the model’s accuracy is to the choice and number of input parameters
and the training period.
Floating Tracking Cooling Concentrating (FTCC) System
Creators: name: Cazzaniga, L.
name: Rosa-Clot, M.
name: Tina, G.M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4367-4370
description: The purpose of this work is to improve the efficiency of PV plants and to solve the main
limitations: the thermal drift which lowers the efficiency of the system, the availability of spaces for photovoltaic
fields, the high cost of tracking systems.
The proposed solution consists in building circular floating platforms on small basins and lakes, with a set of
photovoltaic panels supported by a structure in polyethylene tubes and cooled with the basin water. The platform
diameter ranges from 20 to 40 meters and has power from 25 to 100 kW. This Floating Tracking Cooling
Concentrating (FTCC) System overcomes the limits quoted above and allows an annual yield considerably
improved compared to a fixed ground plant. A careful use of plane reflectors is analyzed in detail and solutions
to improve the system efficiency and to lower its cost are discussed.
Plasma Spraying Technique for the Deposition of a-Si/μc-Si
Creators: name: Kopecki, J.
name: Schulz, A.
name: Walker, M.
name: Glatz-Reichenbach, J.
name: Peter, K.
name: Laure, S.
name: Stroth, U.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3087-3089
description: The plasma spraying technique is a powerful tool for the high rate deposition of thin coatings with
low cost precursors. The main advantage of our microwave based plasma source is the electrodeless energy
coupling, because this prevents the coatings from contamination with electrode materials like copper or tungsten,
which are used in common plasma spraying sources. Given that the precursor is not contaminated, this allows us
to deposit thin films with high purity, which is necessary for photoactive coatings like amorphous (a-Si) and
microcrystalline (μc-Si) silicon. We deposited thin films of 100 up to 1000 nm thickness by injecting intrinsic
silicon powder into an Ar/H2 plasma, which melts and evaporates the powder particles.
Characterization of Wet-Chemically Pre-Treated Silicon Solar Cell Substrates and Interfaces by Surface Photovoltage (SPV) Measurements
Creators: name: Angermann, H.
name: Gref, O.
name: Laades, A.
name: Conrad, E.
name: Klimm, C.
name: Stürzebecher, U.
name: Michael, D.
name: Stegemann, B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterisation and Modelling

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1593-1597
description: The combination of fast, non-destructive, and surface sensitive spectroscopic methods, i.e. pulsed field-modulated surface
photovoltage (SPV) and quasi-steady-state photo conductance (QSSPC), provided detailed information about the influence
of wet-chemical substrate preparation methods on the surface charge, energetic distribution of interfaces states
Dit(E) on solar cell substrates and the resulting interface recombination losses on subsequent prepared ultra-thin passivation
layers. The SPV technique allows the measurement of the surface potential and determination of the interface state
densities without any contact preparation. The results of these investigations could be successfully used to enhance the
electronic properties of polished, saw damage etched and textured solar cell substrates with random pyramids by wetchemical
smoothing and H-termination procedures. As demonstrated for selected examples, this favourable effect can be
preserved during the subsequent oxidation by thermalized atomic oxygen or during the soft plasma enhanced chemical
vapor deposition (PECVD) of amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). The resulting Dit(E) on ultra-thin Si/SiO2 layers and interface
recombination losses on a-Si:H/c-Si hetero-junctions were found to be significantly reduced compared to the standard
RCA pre-treatment.
An All Led-Based Photovoltaic Testing System with Tunable Spectrum and User-Defined Illumination Modes
Creators: name: Luo-Hoffmann, Y.
name: Lange, R.F.M.
name: Beljean, P.-R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3298-3300
description: With the rapid advances in the solar energy market, new requirements are arising for photovoltaic (PV)
testing systems. A reliable solar tester should be accurate, stable in performance, and especially adaptable to PV
components based on different technologies. For this purpose, an all LED-based PV testing system with tunable
spectrum and user-defined illumination mode has been developed. Class A in spectrum mismatch according to IEC
standard 60904-9 can be obtained from such an all LED-based PV testing system. The principle of illumination
uniformity in class A of the IEC standard 60904-9 is also proven from a prototype LEDs illumination system.
Reliable multiphoton generation in waveguide QED
Creators: name: González-Tudela, A.
name: Paulisch, V.
name: Kimble, H. J.
name: Cirac, J. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In spite of decades of effort, it has not yet been possible to create single-mode multiphoton states of light with high success probability and near unity fidelity. Complex quantum states of propagating optical photons would be an enabling resource for diverse protocols in quantum information science, including for interconnecting quantum nodes in quantum networks. Here, we propose several methods to generate heralded mutipartite entangled atomic and photonic states by using the strong and long-range dissipative couplings between atoms emerging in waveguide QED setups. Our theoretical analysis demonstrates high success probabilities and fidelities are possible exploiting waveguide QED properties.
description: Correction of small typos and reduction of supplementary material
Silicon Solar Cell Photocurrent as a Parameter for Responsivity Estimation under Different Illumination Conditions
Creators: name: Ubaldi, M.C.
name: Maggi, L.
name: Chacón, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterisation and Modelling

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1598-1602
description: Spectral responsivity is a fundamental property for a photosensitive material and it can be measured
directly by suitable instrumentation, not often available on the customer side: moreover, the characteristic curve isn't
usually made available by the supplier. In this contribution we present a method for the indirect estimation of the
qualitative spectral behavior of photovoltaic cells, among a given responsivity curve set. The suitable curve is elected
by a comparison between experimental photogenerated current and current estimated by means of responsivityweighted
discretized source spectral behavior. The analysis has been performed on mono- and poly-crystalline silicon
cells with two different light sources: sun irradiation and indoor illumination via a sun simulator (Lot Oriel – Abet
Technologies). The surface of PV cell with nearly zero difference between experimental and estimated photocurrent
has been morphologically investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope acquisition: the identified surface texturing
confirms the qualitative behavior of the chosen responsivity curve.
The Link between Mechanical Stress Induced by Soldering and Micro Damages in Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Wendt, J.
name: Träger, M.
name: Mette, M.
name: Pfennig, A.
name: Jaeckel, B.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3420-3423
description: The paper presents an investigation to get a fundamental understanding in the process of silicon solar
cell soldering. The approach is to theorize about the implication and the avoidance of soldering induced defects in
c-Si solar panels. We will differentiate between typical failure modes and how to investigate them.
It is well known that different coefficients of thermal expansion in the system silicon –metallization contact –
soldering ribbon result in mechanical stress. At dislocations and pre-damage regions of the silicon wafer near the
busbars, this stress leads to defects like micro cracks and hence to micro chipping. We will demonstrate the dependency
from growing micro cracks to cell degradation by harming the finger grid during the lifetime of a solar panel.
Thermal fluctuations effecting dynamic stress and growing of by soldering induced micro cracks. This results in degradation
of panel performance. The effects are studied by accelerated stress testing and verified with IV characterization
and electroluminescence measurements. To derive a proposal for minimizing mechanical stress, theoretical calculations
where made. Thus the recommendation is the modification of material and dimensions of the connecting
ribbon, the use of special solar cells with an optimized layout, as well as the modification of the soldering equipment.
The latter will be exemplified by the results of an experiment. The aim is to show how to match present soldering
equipment for future challenges like thinner cells and lead free soldering without the need of exchanging the whole
soldering process.
Efficient Summing over Sliding Windows
Creators: name: Basat, Ran Ben
name: Einziger, Gil
name: Friedman, Roy
name: Kassner, Yaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper considers the problem of maintaining statistic aggregates over the last W elements of a data stream. First, the problem of counting the number of 1's in the last W bits of a binary stream is considered. A lower bound of Ω(1/ε + log W) memory bits for Wε-additive approximations is derived. This is followed by an algorithm whose memory consumption is O(1/ε + log W) bits, indicating that the algorithm is optimal and that the bound is tight. Next, the more general problem of maintaining a sum of the last W integers, each in the range of {0,1,...,R}, is addressed. The paper shows that approximating the sum within an additive error of RWε can also be done using Θ(1/ε + log W) bits for ε=Ω(1/W). For ε=o(1/W), we present a succinct algorithm which uses B(1 + o(1)) bits, where B=Θ(Wlog(1/Wε)) is the derived lower bound. We show that all lower bounds generalize to randomized algorithms as well. All algorithms process new elements and answer queries in O(1) worst-case time.
description: A shorter version appears in SWAT 2016
European Network of PV Outdoor Testing – Steps towards Harmonized Procedures
Creators: name: Jagomägi, A.
name: Mõttus, E.
name: Stellbogen, D.
name: Mohring, H.-D.
name: Betts, T.
name: Gottschalg, R.
name: Zdanowicz, T.
name: Kołodenny, W.
name: Prorok, M.
name: Friesen, G.
name: Pola, I.
name: Domine, D.
name: Guérin De Montgareuil, A.
name: Fabero, F.
name: Faiman, D.
name: Herrmann, W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3432-3438
description: Previous results of round-robin tests among European PV outdoor test facilities showed that the
measurement agreement depends on the PV module technology. Pmax at STC matched within 2% for c-Si, 5% for CIS
and CdTe based thin film technologies, and within 10% for a-Si based modules. To improve the accuracy and reliability
of PV module outdoor performance characterization, harmonized procedures are formulated and implemented across PV
outdoor laboratories in Europe and Israel within the Integrated Project PERFORMANCE. Common procedures for the
module preparation, preconditioning, cleaning, the accuracy of the module mounting, and sensor positioning are
established. It is required that the modules are loaded as closely as possible to Pmax between IV-curve scans. The
measured module and environmental parameters are listed with the required measurement accuracy and recommendations
for the choice of sensors. Continuous quality control of the data is defined via data validation procedures. Parameter
calculation routines are described.
Crippin's Theory: Recursive Expansion, Pyramid Formation, and Natural Geometric Alignments
Creators: name: Crippn, Suzanne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Crippin's Theory
Recursive Expansion
Geometric Tiling
Pyramid Formation
Trap Door Mechanics
Expansion & Reset Theory
Mathematical Modeling
Fractal Geometry
Self-Organinzing Systems
Computational Geometry
Recursive Structures
Pyramid-Sphere Alignments
3D Spatial Mapping
Recursive Algorithms'
Ancient Architecture Patterns
Pyramidal Structures
Sacred Geometry
Algorithmic Design
Expansion Mapping
Ancient Engineering
AI & Computational Design
Celestial Alignments
Cosmic Architecture
Natural Growth Patterns
Fibonacci Sequences
Energy Resonance in Structures
AI-Generated Architecture
Fractal Growth in Nature
Mathematical & Computational Sciemces
Artificial intelligence
Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning
Physics & Cosmology
Complexity Theory

description: This document expands upon Crippin’s Theory, introducing a groundbreaking recursive expansion model that demonstrates how geometric tiling systems can naturally generate pyramidal structures. This research establishes a computational link between expansion mechanics, pyramidal alignments, and recursive fractal-like tiling systems, providing a new perspective on architectural history, natural growth patterns, and potential cosmic relationships.
Vibration Analysis of PV Modules by Laser-Doppler Vibrometry
Creators: name: Sander, M.
name: Ebert, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3446-3450
description: This contribution describes the analysis of mechanical properties of photovoltaic modules by analyzing
the responding vibration of the module after mechanical excitation. For this purpose a measuring system was
established using a commercially available laser scanning vibrometer. Investigations were done on PV modules and
on laminated glass-polymer-glass specimens in the different mounting configurations. The knowledge of the vibration
properties in combination with numerical simulations allows the optimization of module layouts for dynamic loading
situation. Finite element models can be updated, using data from vibration analysis. Furthermore the approach can be
applied to detect mechanical defects like cracks and not properly framed or clamped modules. Investigations were
performed on artificially damaged and weathered specimens.
Epitaxial rhenium microwave resonators
Creators: name: Dumur, E
name: Delsol, B
name: Weißl, T
name: Kung, B
name: Guichard, W
name: Hoarau, C
name: Naud, C
name: Hasselbach, K
name: Buisson, O
name: Ratter, K
name: Gilles, B
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have fabricated rhenium microwave resonators from epitaxial films. We have used thin films of different structural quality depending on their growth conditions. The resonators were coupled to a microwave transmission line which allows the measurement of their resonance frequencies and internal quality factors. From the resonance frequency at low temperature , the effective penetration depth and the London penetration depth of the rhenium film are extracted.
Oxygen, Nitrogen and Air Leaks during Deposition of Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Merdzhanova, T.
name: Woerdenweber, J.
name: Zastrow, U.
name: Niessen, L.
name: Stiebig, H.
name: Beyer, W.
name: Gordijn, A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3068-3072
description: Series of a-Si:H thin-films and p-i-n solar cells with intentionally contaminated intrinsic (i-) layers via
controllable oxygen, nitrogen and air leaks were prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) at
13.56 MHz. Two deposition regimes with different total gas flows (~ 370 sccm and ~ 1000 sccm) were studied. An
important quantity is the critical concentration which is the concentration of an impurity causing a noticeable decay of
solar cell performance. For a low total gas flow the critical oxygen concentration was determined at ~ 2-5 × 1019 cm-3. A
shift of the critical oxygen concentration to a higher value of ~ 1 × 1020 cm-3 is observed for a-Si:H deposited at a higher
total gas flow of ~ 1000 sccm. Above these critical concentrations the solar cell efficiency decreases due to losses in fill
factor under red illumination. We also investigated for an air leak, if oxygen or nitrogen impurities are responsible for
solar cells efficiency deterioration. We found that an oxygen incorporation in the i-layer is the most critical factor
determining the a-Si:H solar cell quality for a regime with low gas flow. Interestingly, for material deposited with high
total gas flow and intentionally contaminated via an air leak the solar cell performance deteriorated also at higher oxygen
concentration (7 × 1019 cm-3), similar as is the case of pure oxygen leak.
Effective Angle of Propagation of Internal Light in Actual Si Solar Cells
Creators: name: Abenante, L.
name: Serenelli, L.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterisation and Modelling

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1429-1431
description: By exploiting the fact that, at the wavelengths of interest for light trapping, the collection efficiency of
solar cells depends negligibly on the angle of propagation of internal light with respect to the surface normal, , we
present two expressions to calculate , one of which provides the ray-path angle at the first pass of light across the
cell and the other provides  for the case, where it is the same for all passes of light. -curves are calculated for two
actual Si solar cells and checked by comparison with measured quantum efficiency.
Crippin's Theory: Recursive Expansion, Pyramid Formation, and Natural Geometric Alignments
Creators: name: Crippn, Suzanne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Crippin's Theory
Recursive Expansion
Geometric Tiling
Pyramid Formation
Trap Door Mechanics
Expansion & Reset Theory
Mathematical Modeling
Fractal Geometry
Self-Organinzing Systems
Computational Geometry
Recursive Structures
Pyramid-Sphere Alignments
3D Spatial Mapping
Recursive Algorithms'
Ancient Architecture Patterns
Pyramidal Structures
Sacred Geometry
Algorithmic Design
Expansion Mapping
Ancient Engineering
AI & Computational Design
Celestial Alignments
Cosmic Architecture
Natural Growth Patterns
Fibonacci Sequences
Energy Resonance in Structures
AI-Generated Architecture
Fractal Growth in Nature
Mathematical & Computational Sciemces
Artificial intelligence
Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning
Physics & Cosmology
Complexity Theory

description: This document expands upon Crippin’s Theory, introducing a groundbreaking recursive expansion model that demonstrates how geometric tiling systems can naturally generate pyramidal structures. This research establishes a computational link between expansion mechanics, pyramidal alignments, and recursive fractal-like tiling systems, providing a new perspective on architectural history, natural growth patterns, and potential cosmic relationships.

📚 Explore More from Crippin’s TheoryTo access the full paper or any previous versions:

🔗 Crippin’s Theory V6: Recursive Expansion, Pyramid Formation, and Natural Geometric Alignmentshttps://zenodo.org/records/15049154
Optimization Model for High Density Photovoltaic Power Plants by Maximization of the Return on Investment
Creators: name: Pera, D.
name: Brito, M.C.
name: Maia Alves, J.
name: Serra, J.M.
name: Silva, C.
name: Vallêra, A.M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4211-4214
description: In a budgetary assessment of photovoltaic (PV) plants, land related costs can be a critical decision
factor. Besides the cost of the land itself, the density of the installed PV systems determines other costs such as those
associated to wiring, fencing and/or civil works. Furthermore, the available land area can also be a limiting factor in
terms of energy yield, for example in small islands. Reducing the land area per PV system will increase the
probability of mutual shading and therefore may lead to severe reductions on the energy yield. Thus, in planning PV
power plants, the ground cover ratio requires careful optimization. This work presents an optimization land
occupation model taking into account shading effects. The model is a result of the iteration of two distinct analyses:
determination of the energy yield expressed in terms of ground cover ratio; determination of a maximum value for
return on investment indicator for a certain land area.
This model is a useful decision tool not only for the sizing of the power plant but also for choosing the most
advantageous type of equipment from both economic and energetic standpoints.
Output Variability in Europe’s Largest PV Power Plant
Creators: name: Golnas, A.
name: Bryan, J.M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4356-4359
description: As the cost of photovoltaic systems is driven lower and the “grid parity” milestone of energy cost
appears closer, the grid-integration challenges posed by the variable output of those systems have received increasing
attention. At the same time due to economies of scale and an operations mode that is familiar to electric utilities,
large, “central-generation” PV systems are being constructed at an ever increasing pace. While the output variability
of distributed PV systems is mitigated from geographical dispersion and low correlation over typical distances, the
output of central-generation systems is much more sensitive to local weather variability. Still, the sheer size of a very
large system already provides a smoothing effect to the total output as such a system can be described as an
aggregation of smaller arrays connected to a single inverter each. In this work we demonstrate and characterize the
smoothing effect of the spatial expanse for the continent’s largest contiguous PV system in Rovigo, Italy. We will
explore the variability of power output across multiple time, spatial, and capacity domains.
Efficiency of PV Systems with Solar Trackers for Russian Regions
Creators: name: Kitaeva, M.V.
name: Yurchenko, A.V.
name: Skorohodov, A.V.
name: Okhorzina, A.V.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4360-4362
description: The solar tracker for photovoltaic modules and energy systems based on the device. The results of the
calculations for the effectiveness of the solar tracker application for solar energy systems and the results of the field
testing in Tomsk are presented.
First Results of the Double-Axis Sun Tracking PV System from Turkey
Creators: name: Eke, R.
name: Senturk, A.
name: Oktik, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4363-4366
description: In the present study, first results from the double axis sun tracking PV system in Turkey are analyzed.
Back contact single crystalline silicon modules are used in PV systems on the tracker units. Two identical PV systems
are installed. One is set to a fixed tilt angle and the other tracks the sun in double axis. Measured data of the PV systems
are compared with the calculated data and each other.
The performance measurements of the PV systems were carried out first. According to the calculations it is found that
70% of 1798 kWh/m2 yearly total energy on horizontal surfaces will be collected in a 6 months period from April to
September while the rest 30% is collected during the other 6 months period from October to March. For the double axis
tracking surfaces, 65% of energy is calculated as for summer period and 35% for winter period. For 6 months period
from April to September electricity fed to grid is calculated to be about 7 MWh for 30° fixed tilt angle for 7.9kWp
installed system. Electricity fed to grid during these 6 months is 5.6% more than calculated. It is calculated that 33.8%
more energy will be obtained in the double axis sun-tracking system when compared to the fixed system. For 6 months
period from April to September electricity fed to grid is calculated to be about 10.27 MWh for double axis tracking
7.9kWp PV system. Electricity fed to grid during these 6 months is 1.6% less than calculated.
The daily performances of the PV systems are simulated. These simulations are statistically analyzed and validated.
A Database of Direct Normal Irradiation for Predicting Long-Term Performance of Concentrating PV Systems in Europe and Africa
Creators: name: Huld, T.
name: Müller, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4312-4316
description: We present a database of direct normal irradiation (DNI) giving long-term monthly averages of DNI
with a high spatial resolution over the area of Europe and Africa. DNI is calculated from geostationary meteorological
satellite data, using the algorithms developed within the Satellite Application Facility for Climate Monitoring (CMSAF).
The availability of this database makes it possible to perform estimates of the energy production of suntracking
concentrating photovoltaic systems. Validation against ground station measurements show that the overall
relative mean bias error is very low (<1%) for estimates based on Meteosat Second Generation while the RMBE is
+7% for Meteosat First Generation. The standard deviation of the RMBE for the individual validation stations are
~3% for MSG and ~11% for MFG. For high-irradiance locations, the standard deviation of RMBE is about 5% for
both data sets. The resulting long-term average data sets will be made available for free through the PVGIS web
application.