cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effects of interband transitions on Faraday rotation in metallic nanoparticles
Creators: name: Wysin, G. M.
name: Chikan, Viktor
name: Young, Nathan
name: Dani, Raj Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Faraday rotation in metallic nanoparticles is considered based on a quantum model for the dielectric function ε(ω) in the presence of a DC magnetic field B. We focus on effects in ε(ω) due to interband transitions (IBTs), which are important in the blue and ultraviolet for noble metals used in plasmonics. The dielectric function is found using the perturbation of the electron density matrix due to the optical field of incident electromagnetic radiation. The calculation is applied to transitions between two bands (d and p, for example) separated by a gap, as one finds in gold at the L-point of the Fermi surface. The result of the DC magnetic field is a shift in the effective optical frequency causing IBTs by $\pm μ_B B / \hbar$, where opposite signs are associated with left/right circular polarizations. Faraday rotation for a dilute solution of 17 nm diameter gold nanoparticles is measured and compared with both the IBT theory and a simpler Drude model for the bound electron response. Effects of the plasmon resonance mode on Faraday rotation in nanoparticles are also discussed.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
Manipulation of the magnetic order parameter and the metal-insulator-transition of a manganite thin film with applied elastic stress
Creators: name: Singh, Surendra
name: Fitzsimmons, M. R.
name: Lookman, T.
name: Jeen, H.
name: Biswas, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measured the temperature dependence of the saturation magnetization (Ms) of a (La1-xPrx)1-yCayMnO3 (x ~ 0.60, y ~ 0.33) film as a function of applied bending stress. Stress producing a compressive strain of -0.01% along the magnetic easy axis increased the Curie temperature by ~6 K and the metal-insulator-transition by ~4 K. Regardless of whether or not stress is applied to the film, magnetic ordering occurs at temperatures significantly higher than the metal-insulator-transition temperature. The magnetization of the sample at the temperature of the metal-insulator-transition is approximately the site percolation threshold for a two-dimensional spin lattice.
An Askey-Wilson Algebra of Rank 2
Creators: name: Groenevelt, Wolter
name: Wagenaar, Carel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An algebra is introduced which can be considered as a rank 2 extension of the Askey-Wilson algebra. Relations in this algebra are motivated by relations between coproducts of twisted primitive elements in the two-fold tensor product of the quantum algebra $\mathcal{U}_{q}(\mathfrak{sl}(2,\mathbb C))$. It is shown that bivariate $q$-Racah polynomials appear as overlap coefficients of eigenvectors of generators of the algebra. Furthermore, the corresponding $q$-difference operators are calculated using the defining relations of the algebra, showing that it encodes the bispectral properties of the bivariate $q$-Racah polynomials.
Heat transfer in the flow of a cold, axisymmetric vertical liquid jet against a hot, horizontal plate
Creators: name: Shu, Jian-Jun
name: Wilks, Graham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper considers the heat transfer characteristics of a thin film flow over a hot horizontal flat plate resulting from a cold vertical liquid jet falling onto a surface. A numerical solution of high accuracy is obtained for large Reynolds numbers using the modified Keller box method. For the flat plate, solutions for axisymmetric jets are obtained. In parallel approximation theory, an advanced polynomial approximation of the velocity and temperature distributions is employed, and results are in good agreement with those obtained using a simple Pohlhausen polynomial and numerical solutions.
Model-independent traversable wormholes from baryon acoustic oscillations
Creators: name: Wang, Deng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the model-independent traversable wormholes from baryon acoustic oscillations. Firstly, we place the statistical constraints on the average dark energy equation of state $ω_{av}$ by only using BAO data. Subsequently, two specific wormhole solutions are obtained, i.e, the cases of the constant redshift function and a special choice for the shape function. For the first case, we analyze the traversabilities of the wormhole configuration, and for the second case, we find that one can construct theoretically a traversable wormhole with infinitesimal amounts of average null energy condition violating phantom fluid. Furthermore, we perform the stability analysis for the first case, and find that the stable equilibrium configurations may increase for increasing values of the throat radius of the wormhole in the cases of a positive and a negative surface energy density. It is worth noting that the obtained wormhole solutions are static and spherically symmetrical metric, and that we assume $ω_{av}$ to be a constant between different redshifts when placing constraints, hence, these wormhole solutions can be interpreted as stable and static phantom wormholes configurations at some certain redshift which lies in the range [0.32, 2.34].
description: Minor revision. Published in Physics of the Dark Universe
Review on DNA Cryptography
Creators: name: Mondal, Mandrita
name: Ray, Kumar S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Cryptography is the science that secures data and communication over the network by applying mathematics and logic to design strong encryption methods. In the modern era of e-business and e-commerce the protection of confidentiality, integrity and availability (CIA triad) of stored information as well as of transmitted data is very crucial. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a genetic molecule consisting of two linked strands that wind around each other to form a double helical structure. The backbone of each strand is made of alternating deoxyribose sugar and phosphate groups. To each sugar one of four bases are attached i.e., adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). DNA molecules, having the capacity to store, process and transmit information, inspires the idea of DNA cryptography. It is the rapid emerging unconventional techniques which combines the chemical characteristics of biological DNA sequences with classical cryptography to ensure non-vulnerable transmission of data. This innovative method is based on the notion of DNA computing. The methodologies of DNA cryptography are not coded mathematically; thus, it could be too secure to be cracked easily.
description: 21 pages, 12 figures, 6 tables
Effect of Localization on Photoluminescence and Zero-Field Splitting of Silicon Color Centers
Creators: name: Ivanov, Vsevolod
name: Simoni, Jacopo
name: Lee, Yeonghun
name: Liu, Wei
name: Jhuria, Kaushalya
name: Redjem, Walid
name: Zhiyenbayev, Yertay
name: Papapanos, Christos
name: Qarony, Wayesh
name: Kante, Boubacar
name: Persaud, Arun
name: Schenkel, Thomas
name: Tan, Liang Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of defect centers in silicon has been recently reinvigorated by their potential applications in optical quantum information processing. A number of silicon defect centers emit single photons in the telecommunication $O$-band, making them promising building blocks for quantum networks between computing nodes. The two-carbon G-center, self-interstitial W-center, and spin-$1/2$ T-center are the most intensively studied silicon defect centers, yet despite this, there is no consensus on the precise configurations of defect atoms in these centers, and their electronic structures remain ambiguous. Here we employ \textit{ab initio} density functional theory to characterize these defect centers, providing insight into the relaxed structures, bandstructures, and photoluminescence spectra, which are compared to experimental results. Motivation is provided for how these properties are intimately related to the localization of electronic states in the defect centers. In particular, we present the calculation of the zero-field splitting for the excited triplet state of the G-center defect as the structure is transformed from the A-configuration to the B-configuration, showing a sudden increase in the magnitude of the $D_{zz}$ component of the zero-field splitting tensor. By performing projections onto the local orbital states of the defect, we analyze this transition in terms of the symmetry and bonding character of the G-center defect which sheds light on its potential application as a spin-photon interface.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Study of background star polarization and polarization efficiency of three selected Bok globules CB56, CB60 and CB69
Creators: name: Chakraborty, A.
name: Das, H. S.
name: Paul, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the polarization maps of three selected Bok globules CB56, CB60 and CB69 constructed using a V-band data from a CCD imaging polarimeter. The aim of this work is to measure the optical polarization ($p_v$) of background field stars in order to determine the polarization efficiency, $p_v/A_v$. We find that the local magnetic field of the cloud CB56 is almost aligned with the galactic field, but not in CB60 and CB69. A trend of decreasing polarization efficiency with increasing extinction ($A_v$) is observed: it can be well represented by a power law, $p_v/A_v \propto A_v^{-α}$, where $α= -0.56 \pm 0.36$, $-0.59 \pm 0.51$ and $-0.52 \pm 0.49$ for CB56, CB60 and CB69 respectively. This indicates that the linear polarization of the starlight due to aligned dust grains in these clouds is produced more efficiently in low extinction regions, compared with high obscured lines of sight.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
A nonparametric method to assess significance of events in search for gravitational waves with false discovery rate
Creators: name: Yuzurihara, Hirotaka
name: Mano, Shuhei
name: Tagoshi, Hideyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present a consistent procedure to assess the significance of gravitational wave events observed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors based on the background distribution of detection statistic. We propose a non-parametric method to estimate $p$-value. Based on the estimated $p$-values, we propose a new procedure to assess the significance of a particular event with $q$-value which is the minimum false discovery rate that can be attained when calling the event significant. The $q$-value gives us a criterion on the significance of events which is different from $P_{\rm astro}$ which is used in the LIGO-Virgo analysis and in other analysis. The proposed procedure is applied to the 1-OGC and 2-OGC catalogs [2][3]. For most of the events which were claimed significant in [2] and [3], we also obtain the same results. However, there are differences in the significance for several marginal events. Since the proposed procedure does not require any assumptions on signal and noise, it is very simple and straightforward. The procedure is also applicable to other searches for gravitational waves whose background distribution of detection statistic is difficult to know.
description: Accepted by PTEP, 18 pages, 8 figure
Discussion: "A significance test for the lasso"
Creators: name: Bühlmann, Peter
name: Meier, Lukas
name: van de Geer, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Discussion of "A significance test for the lasso" by Richard Lockhart, Jonathan Taylor, Ryan J. Tibshirani, Robert Tibshirani [arXiv:1301.7161].
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AOS1175A the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
DiffWire: Inductive Graph Rewiring via the Lovász Bound
Creators: name: Arnaiz-Rodriguez, Adrian
name: Begga, Ahmed
name: Escolano, Francisco
name: Oliver, Nuria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been shown to achieve competitive results to tackle graph-related tasks, such as node and graph classification, link prediction and node and graph clustering in a variety of domains. Most GNNs use a message passing framework and hence are called MPNNs. Despite their promising results, MPNNs have been reported to suffer from over-smoothing, over-squashing and under-reaching. Graph rewiring and graph pooling have been proposed in the literature as solutions to address these limitations. However, most state-of-the-art graph rewiring methods fail to preserve the global topology of the graph, are neither differentiable nor inductive, and require the tuning of hyper-parameters. In this paper, we propose DiffWire, a novel framework for graph rewiring in MPNNs that is principled, fully differentiable and parameter-free by leveraging the Lovász bound. The proposed approach provides a unified theory for graph rewiring by proposing two new, complementary layers in MPNNs: CT-Layer, a layer that learns the commute times and uses them as a relevance function for edge re-weighting; and GAP-Layer, a layer to optimize the spectral gap, depending on the nature of the network and the task at hand. We empirically validate the value of each of these layers separately with benchmark datasets for graph classification. We also perform preliminary studies on the use of CT-Layer for homophilic and heterophilic node classification tasks. DiffWire brings together the learnability of commute times to related definitions of curvature, opening the door to creating more expressive MPNNs.
description: 27 pages, 24 figures and 6 tables. Accepted at Learning on Graphs Conference 2022. A. Arnaiz-Rodriguez et al., DiffWire: Inductive Graph Rewiring via the Lov\'asz Bound. Proceedings of the First Learning on Graphs Conference (LoG 2022), PMLR 198, Virtual Event, December, 2022
Spectroscopic Properties of Nanotube-Chromophore Hybrids
Creators: name: Huang, Changshui
name: Wang, Randy K.
name: Wong, Bryan M.
name: McGee, David J.
name: Léonard, François
name: Kim, Yun Jun
name: Johnson, Kirsten F.
name: Arnold, Michael S.
name: Eriksson, Mark A.
name: Gopalan, Padma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) functionalized with azo-benzene chromophores were shown to form a new class of hybrid nanomaterials for optoelectronics applications. Here we use a number of experimental techniques and theory to understand the binding, orientation, and nature of coupling between chromophores and the nanotubes, all of which are of relevance to future optimization of these hybrid materials. We find that the binding energy between chromophores and nanotubes depends strongly on the type of tether that is used to bind the chromophores to the nanotubes, with pyrene tethers resulting in more than 90% of the bound chromophores during processing. DFT calculations show that the binding energy of the chromophores to the nanotubes is maximized for chromophores parallel to the nanotube sidewall, even with the use of tethers; second harmonic generation shows that there is nonetheless a partial radial orientation of the chromophores on the nanotubes. We find weak electronic coupling between the chromophores and the SWNTs, consistent with non-covalent binding. The chromophore-nanotube coupling, while weak, is sufficient to quench the chromophore fluorescence. Stern-Volmer plots are non-linear, which supports a combination of static and dynamic quenching processes. The chromophore orientation is an important variable for chromophore-nanotube phototransistors, and our experiments suggest the possibility for further optimizing this orientational degree of freedom.
description: Accepted by ACS Nano
Effective Chiral Symmetry Restoration for Heavy-Light Mesons
Creators: name: Sazonov, V. K.
name: Schaffernak, G.
name: Wagenbrunn, R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spectrum of heavy-light mesons within a model with linear instantaneous confining potential. The single-quark Green function and spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry are obtained from the Schwinger-Dyson (gap) equation. For the meson spectrum we derive a Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE). We solve thiss equation numerically in the heavy-light limit and obtain effective restoration of chiral and $U(1)_A$ symmetries at large spins.
Discussion: "A significance test for the lasso"
Creators: name: Cai, T. Tony
name: Yuan, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Discussion of "A significance test for the lasso" by Richard Lockhart, Jonathan Taylor, Ryan J. Tibshirani, Robert Tibshirani [arXiv:1301.7161].
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AOS1175B the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Data-driven retrieval of primary plane-wave responses
Creators: name: Meles, Giovanni Angelo
name: Zhang, Lele
name: Thorbecke, Jan
name: Wapenaar, Kees
name: Slob, Evert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Seismic images provided by reverse time migration can be contaminated by artefacts associated with the migration of multiples. Multiples can corrupt seismic images, producing both false positives, i.e. by focusing energy at unphysical interfaces, and false negatives, i.e. by destructively interfering with primaries. Multiple prediction / primary synthesis methods are usually designed to operate on point source gathers, and can therefore be computationally demanding when large problems are considered. A computationally attractive scheme that operates on plane-wave datasets is derived by adapting a data-driven point source gathers method, based on convolutions and cross-correlations of the reflection response with itself, to include plane-wave concepts. As a result, the presented algorithm allows fully data-driven synthesis of primary reflections associated with plane-wave source responses. Once primary plane-wave responses are estimated, they are used for multiple-free imaging via plane-wave reverse time migration. Numerical tests of increasing complexity demonstrate the potential of the proposed algorithm to produce multiple-free images from only a small number of plane-wave datasets.
description: 20 pages, 8 figure
Agrypnus campestris Vats and Kashyap 1992
Creators: name: Kotru, Akash
name: Chandran, Nithya
name: Dubey, Anil Kumar
name: Prosvirov, Alexander S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Elateridae
Agrypnus
Agrypnus campestris

description: Agrypnus campestris Vats and Kashyap, 1992
Agrypnus campestris Vats and Kashyap, 1992: 116.
Type depository. Holotype (NPC-IARI).
Type locality. Uttarakhand (Kalagarh).
Distribution. India: Uttarakhand.
Literature. Vats and Kashyap (1992: 116): original description; Chakraborty and Chakrabarti (2000: 77): catalogue.
description: Published as part of Kotru, Akash, Chandran, Nithya, Dubey, Anil Kumar & Prosvirov, Alexander S., 2025, A catalogue of Indian Agrypninae Candèze, 1857 (Coleoptera: Elateridae), pp. 1-66 in Zootaxa 5614 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5614.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/15217075
Transfer Learning in Spatial-Temporal Forecasting of the Solar Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Covas, Eurico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning techniques have been widely used in attempts to forecast several solar datasets. Most of these approaches employ supervised machine learning algorithms which are, in general, very data hungry. This hampers the attempts to forecast some of these data series, particularly the ones that depend on (relatively) recent space observations. Here we focus on an attempt to forecast the solar surface longitudinally averaged radial magnetic field distribution using a form of spatial-temporal neural networks. Given that the recording of these spatial-temporal datasets only started in 1975 and are therefore quite short, the forecasts are predictably quite modest. However, given that there is a potential physical relationship between sunspots and the magnetic field, we employ another machine learning technique called transfer learning which has recently received considerable attention in the literature. Here, this approach consists in first training the source spatial-temporal neural network on the much longer time/latitude sunspot area dataset, which starts in 1874, then transferring the trained set of layers to a target network, and continue training the latter on the magnetic field dataset. The employment of transfer learning in the field of computer vision is known to obtain a generalized set of feature filters that can be reused for other datasets and tasks. Here we obtain a similar result, whereby we first train the network on the spatial-temporal sunspot area data, then the first few layers of the neural network are able to identify the two main features of the solar cycle, i.e. the amplitude variation and the migration to the equator, and therefore can be used to train on the magnetic field dataset and forecast better than a prediction based only on the historical magnetic field data.
Optically Detected Cross-Relaxation Spectroscopy of Electron Spins in Diamond
Creators: name: Wang, Hai-Jing
name: Shin, Chang S.
name: Seltzer, Scott J.
name: Avalos, Claudia E.
name: Pines, Alexander
name: Bajaj, Vikram S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The application of magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy at progressively smaller length scales may eventually permit "chemical imaging" of spins at the surfaces of materials and biological complexes. In particular, the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) centre in diamond has been exploited as an optical transducer for nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance. However, the spectra of detected spins are generally broadened by their interaction with proximate paramagnetic NV- centres through coherent and incoherent mechanisms. Here we demonstrate a detection technique that can resolve the spectra of electron spins coupled to NV- centres, namely substitutional nitrogen (NS) and neutral nitrogen-vacancy (NV0) centres in diamond, through optically detected cross-relaxation. The hyperfine spectra of these spins are a unique chemical identifier, suggesting the possibility, in combination with recent results in diamonds harbouring shallow NV- implants, that the spectra of spins external to the diamond can be similarly detected.
description: 29 pages, 7 figures
Combining acoustic bioprinting with AI-assisted Raman spectroscopy for high-throughput identification of bacteria in blood
Creators: name: Safir, Fareeha
name: Vu, Nhat
name: Tadesse, Loza F.
name: Firouzi, Kamyar
name: Banaei, Niaz
name: Jeffrey, Stefanie S.
name: Saleh, Amr A. E.
name: Butrus
name: Khuri-Yakub
name: Dionne, Jennifer A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Identifying pathogens in complex samples such as blood, urine, and wastewater is critical to detect infection and inform optimal treatment. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and machine learning (ML) can distinguish among multiple pathogen species, but processing complex fluid samples to sensitively and specifically detect pathogens remains an outstanding challenge. Here, we develop an acoustic bioprinter to digitize samples into millions of droplets, each containing just a few cells, which are identified with SERS and ML. We demonstrate rapid printing of 2 pL droplets from solutions containing S. epidermidis, E. coli, and blood; when mixed with gold nanorods (GNRs), SERS enhancements of up to 1500x are achieved.We then train a ML model and achieve >=99% classification accuracy from cellularly-pure samples, and >=87% accuracy from cellularly-mixed samples. We also obtain >=90% accuracy from droplets with pathogen:blood cell ratios <1. Our combined bioprinting and SERS platform could accelerate rapid, sensitive pathogen detection in clinical, environmental, and industrial settings.
description: Minor correction to Fig. 2a caption to fix transposed label. Minor update to Supplementary Fig. 31, top figure, to correct the referenced plot
Thermodynamic Geometry of Reissener-Nordström-de Sitter black hole and its extremal case
Creators: name: Tharanath, R.
name: Suresh, Jishnu
name: Varghese, Nijo
name: Kuriakose, V. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the thermodynamics and the different thermodynamic geometric methods of Reissener-Nordström-de Sitter black hole and its extremal case, which is similar to the de Sitter black hole coupled to a scalar field, rather called an MTZ black hole. While studying the thermodynamics of the systems, we could find some abnormalities. In both cases, the thermodynamic geometric methods could give the correct explanation for the all abnormal thermodynamic behaviors in the system.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures and accepted for publication in Gen. Relativ. Gravit
Thermodynamic costs of Turing Machines
Creators: name: Kolchinsky, Artemy
name: Wolpert, David H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Turing Machines (TMs) are the canonical model of computation in computer science and physics. We combine techniques from algorithmic information theory and stochastic thermodynamics to analyze the thermodynamic costs of TMs. We consider two different ways of realizing a given TM with a physical process. The first realization is designed to be thermodynamically reversible when fed with random input bits. The second realization is designed to generate less heat, up to an additive constant, than any realization that is computable (i.e., consistent with the physical Church-Turing thesis). We consider three different thermodynamic costs: the heat generated when the TM is run on each input (which we refer to as the "heat function"), the minimum heat generated when a TM is run with an input that results in some desired output (which we refer to as the "thermodynamic complexity" of the output, in analogy to the Kolmogorov complexity), and the expected heat on the input distribution that minimizes entropy production. For universal TMs, we show for both realizations that the thermodynamic complexity of any desired output is bounded by a constant (unlike the conventional Kolmogorov complexity), while the expected amount of generated heat is infinite. We also show that any computable realization faces a fundamental tradeoff between heat generation, the Kolmogorov complexity of its heat function, and the Kolmogorov complexity of its input-output map. We demonstrate this tradeoff by analyzing the thermodynamics of erasing a long string.
description: Physical Review Research, 2020
Thermodynamics of the dead-zone inner edge in protoplanetary disks
Creators: name: Faure, Julien
name: Fromang, Sebastien
name: Latter, Henrik N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In protoplanetary disks, the inner boundary between the turbulent and laminar regions could be a promising site for planet formation, thanks to the trapping of solids at the boundary itself or in vortices generated by the Rossby wave instability. At the interface, the disk thermodynamics and the turbulent dynamics are entwined because of the importance of turbulent dissipation and thermal ionization. Numerical models of the boundary, however, have neglected the thermodynamics, and thus miss a part of the physics. The aim of this paper is to numerically investigate the interplay between thermodynamics and dynamics in the inner regions of protoplanetary disks by properly accounting for turbulent heating and the dependence of the resistivity on the local temperature. Using the Godunov code RAMSES, we performed a series of 3D global numerical simulations of protoplanetary disks in the cylindrical limit, including turbulent heating and a simple prescription for radiative cooling. We find that waves excited by the turbulence significantly heat the dead zone, and we subsequently provide a simple theoretical framework for estimating the wave heating and consequent temperature profile. In addition, our simulations reveal that the dead-zone inner edge can propagate outward into the dead zone, before staling at a critical radius that can be estimated from a mean-field model. The engine driving the propagation is in fact density wave heating close to the interface. A pressure maximum appears at the interface in all simulations, and we note the emergence of the Rossby wave instability in simulations with extended azimuth. Our simulations illustrate the complex interplay between thermodynamics and turbulent dynamics in the inner regions of protoplanetary disks. They also reveal how important activity at the dead-zone interface can be for the dead-zone thermodynamic structure.
description: 16 pages, 16 figures. Accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Multiple Fairness and Cardinality constraints for Students-Topics Grouping Problem
Creators: name: Quy, Tai Le
name: Friege, Gunnar
name: Ntoutsi, Eirini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Group work is a prevalent activity in educational settings, where students are often divided into topic-specific groups based on their preferences. The grouping should reflect the students' aspirations as much as possible. Usually, the resulting groups should also be balanced in terms of protected attributes like gender or race since studies indicate that students might learn better in a diverse group. Moreover, balancing the group cardinalities is also an essential requirement for fair workload distribution across the groups. In this paper, we introduce the multi-fair capacitated (MFC) grouping problem that fairly partitions students into non-overlapping groups while ensuring balanced group cardinalities (with a lower bound and an upper bound), and maximizing the diversity of members in terms of protected attributes. We propose two approaches: a heuristic method and a knapsack-based method to obtain the MFC grouping. The experiments on a real dataset and a semi-synthetic dataset show that our proposed methods can satisfy students' preferences well and deliver balanced and diverse groups regarding cardinality and the protected attribute, respectively.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Solving Constrained Variational Inequalities via a First-order Interior Point-based Method
Creators: name: Yang, Tong
name: Jordan, Michael I.
name: Chavdarova, Tatjana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop an interior-point approach to solve constrained variational inequality (cVI) problems. Inspired by the efficacy of the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) method in the single-objective context, we generalize ADMM to derive a first-order method for cVIs, that we refer to as ADMM-based interior-point method for constrained VIs (ACVI). We provide convergence guarantees for ACVI in two general classes of problems: (i) when the operator is $ξ$-monotone, and (ii) when it is monotone, some constraints are active and the game is not purely rotational. When the operator is, in addition, L-Lipschitz for the latter case, we match known lower bounds on rates for the gap function of $\mathcal{O}(1/\sqrt{K})$ and $\mathcal{O}(1/K)$ for the last and average iterate, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first presentation of a first-order interior-point method for the general cVI problem that has a global convergence guarantee. Moreover, unlike previous work in this setting, ACVI provides a means to solve cVIs when the constraints are nontrivial. Empirical analyses demonstrate clear advantages of ACVI over common first-order methods. In particular, (i) cyclical behavior is notably reduced as our methods approach the solution from the analytic center, and (ii) unlike projection-based methods that zigzag when near a constraint, ACVI efficiently handles the constraints.
An optical analog of quantum optomechanics
Creators: name: Rodríguez-Lara, B. M.
name: Moya-Cessa, H. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a two-dimensional array of nearest-neighbor coupled waveguides that is the optical analog of a quantum optomechanical system. We show that the quantum model predicts the appearance of effective column isolation, diagonal-coupling and other non-trivial couplings in the two-dimensional photonic lattice under a standard approximation from ion-trap cavity electrodynamics. We provide an approximate impulse function for the case of effective column isolation and compare it with exact numerical propagation in the photonic lattice.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
DNA Linear Block Codes: Generation, Error-detection and Error-correction of DNA Codeword
Creators: name: Mondal, Mandrita
name: Ray, Kumar S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In modern age, the increasing complexity of computation and communication technology is leading us towards the necessity of new paradigm. As a result, unconventional approach like DNA coding theory is gaining considerable attention. The storage capacity, information processing and transmission properties of DNA molecules stimulate the notion of DNA coding theory as well as DNA cryptography. In this paper we generate DNA codeword using DNA linear block codes which ensures the secure transmission of information. In the proposed code design strategy DNA-based XOR operation (DNAX) is applied for effective construction of DNA codewords which are quadruples generated over the set of alphabets consisting of four DNA bases adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. By worked out examples we explain the use of generator matrix and parity check matrix in encryption and decryption of coded data in the form of short single stranded DNA sequences. The newly developed technique can detect as well as correcting error in transmission of DNA codewords through biological channels from sender to the intended receiver. Through DNA coding theory we are expanding the paths towards data compression and error correction in the form of DNA strands. This leads us towards a broader domain of DNA cryptography.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure, 5 tables
Discussion: "A significance test for the lasso"
Creators: name: Fan, Jianqing
name: Ke, Zheng Tracy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Discussion of "A significance test for the lasso" by Richard Lockhart, Jonathan Taylor, Ryan J. Tibshirani, Robert Tibshirani [arXiv:1301.7161].
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AOS1175C the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility Review Criteria for Endorsement of Standards and Best Practices
Creators: name: Standards And Best Practices Committee
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Standards, Neuroscience, INCF

description: Criteria used to assess standards and best practices submitted for endorsement by the International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility, an independent organization dedicated to promoting data sharing in neuroscience and brain research through the coordination of infrastructure and standards.
Dark Matter Directionality Detection performance of the Micromegas-based $μ$TPC-MIMAC detector
Creators: name: Tao, Y.
name: Beaufort, C.
name: Moric, I.
name: Tao, C.
name: Santos, D.
name: Sauzet, N.
name: Couturier, C.
name: Guillaudin, O.
name: Muraz, J. F.
name: Naraghi, F.
name: Zhou, N.
name: Busto, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Directional Dark Matter Detection (DDMD) can open a new signature for Weakly Massive Interacting Particles (WIMPs) Dark Matter. The directional signature provides in addition, an unique way to overcome the neutron and neutrino backgrounds. In order to get the directional signature, the DDM detectors should be sensitive to low nuclear energy recoils in the keV range and have an angular resolution better than $20^{\circ}$. We have performed experiments with low energy ($<30\,\mathrm{keV}$) ion beam facilities to measure the angular distribution of nuclear recoil tracks in a MIMAC detector prototype. In this paper, we study angular spreads with respect to the electron drift direction ($0^{\circ}$ incident angle) of Fluorine nuclear tracks in this low energy range, and show nuclear recoil angle reconstruction produced by a monoenergetic neutron field experiment. We find that a high-gain systematic effect leads to a high angular resolution along the electron drift direction. The measured angular distribution is impacted by diffusion, and space charge or ion feedback effects, which can be corrected for by an asymmetry factor observed in the flash-ADC profile. The estimated angular resolution of the $0^{\circ}$ incident ion is better than $15^{\circ}$ at $10$ keV kinetic energy and agrees with the simulations within $20$%. The distributions from the nuclear recoils have been compared with simulated results based on a modified Garfield++ code. Our study shows that protons would be a more adapted target than heavier nuclei for DDMD of light WIMPs. We demonstrate that directional signature from the Galactic halo origin of a Dark Matter WIMP signal is experimentally achievable, with a deep understanding of the operating conditions of a low pressure detector with its diffusion mechanism.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures
Moduli of parabolic sheaves and filtered Kronecker modules
Creators: name: Amrutiya, Sanjay
name: Dubey, Umesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14D20

description: We give functorial moduli construction of pure parabolic sheaves, in the sense of Alvarez-Consul and A. King, using the moduli of filtered Kronecker modules we introduced in our earlier work. We also use a version of S. G. Langton's result due to K. Yokogawa to deduce the projectivity of moduli of pure parabolic sheaves of maximal dimension. As an application of functorial moduli construction, we can get the morphisms at the level of moduli stacks.
description: 27 pages, Some notations are changed for consistency, and relevant statements in Section 3 are corrected
Asymptotic Plateau Problem in H^2xR: Tall Curves
Creators: name: Coskunuzer, Baris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A10, 53C42

description: We study the asymptotic Plateau problem in $\BHH$ for area minimizing surfaces, and give a fairly complete solution for finite curves.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1404.0214
Thermoelectric properties of high-entropy rare-earth cobaltates
Creators: name: Kumar, Ashutosh
name: Dragoe, Diana
name: Bérardan, David
name: Dragoe, Nita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-entropy concept introduced with a promising paradigm to obtain exotic physical properties has motivated us to explore the thermoelectric properties of Sr-substituted high-entropy rare-earth cobaltates i.e., (LaNdPrSmEu)$_{1-x}$Sr$_x$CoO3 (0 \leq x \leq 0.10). The structural analysis of the samples synthesized using the standard solid-state route, confirms the orthorhombic structure with the Pbnm space group. The Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity decrease with rising Sr concentration as well as with an increase in temperature. The multiple A-site ions in high-entropy rare-earth cobaltates result in an improved Seebeck coefficient (α) compared to La$_{0.95}$Sr$_{0.05}$CoO$_3$, associated with a decrease in the Co-O-Co bond angle, which further enhances the power factor. The random distribution of cations at the rare-earth site results in a significant lowering of phonon thermal conductivity. As a result, a maximum figure of merit (zT) of 0.23 is obtained at 350K for (LaNdPrSmEu)$_{0.95}$Sr$_{0.05}$CoO$_3$, which is one of the highest values of zT reported at this temperature for oxide materials. This study shows promise to decouple thermoelectric parameters using the high-entropy concept in several materials.
description: 5 pages, 3 Figures
Laser cooling a membrane-in-the-middle system close to the quantum ground state from room temperature
Creators: name: Saarinen, Sampo A.
name: Kralj, Nenad
name: Langman, Eric C.
name: Tsaturyan, Yeghishe
name: Schliesser, Albert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many protocols in quantum science and technology require initializing a system in a pure quantum state. In the context of the motional state of massive resonators, this enables studying fundamental physics at the elusive quantum-classical transition, and measuring force and acceleration with enhanced sensitivity. Laser cooling has been a method of choice to prepare mechanical resonators in the quantum ground state, one of the simplest pure states. However, in order to overcome the heating and decoherence by the thermal bath, this usually has to be combined with cryogenic cooling. Here, we laser-cool an ultracoherent, soft-clamped mechanical resonator close to the quantum ground state directly from room temperature. To this end, we implement the versatile membrane-in-the-middle setup with one fiber mirror and one phononic crystal mirror, which reaches a quantum cooperativity close to unity already at room temperature. We furthermore introduce a powerful combination of coherent and measurement-based quantum control techniques, which allows us to mitigate thermal intermodulation noise. The lowest occupancy we reach is 30 phonons, limited by measurement imprecision. Doing away with the necessity for cryogenic cooling should further facilitate the spread of optomechanical quantum technologies.
description: New in v2: a) improved fitting routine led to new sideband-cooled linewidths and calibration of mechanical spectra, both of which result in amended: 1. Fig. 2; 2. feedback-cooled occupancies (lowest occupancy is 30, instead of 20); 3. imprecision level limited by excess classical noise; 4. Fig. 4. b) SI now includes new sections 1.B and 8, and expanded section 4.A. c) minor corrections throughout
Order of wetting transitions in electrolyte solutions
Creators: name: Ibagon, Ingrid
name: Bier, Markus
name: Dietrich, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For wetting films in dilute electrolyte solutions close to charged walls we present analytic expressions for their effective interface potentials. The analysis of these expressions renders the conditions under which corresponding wetting transitions can be first- or second-order. Within mean field theory we consider two models, one with short- and one with long-ranged solvent-solvent and solvent-wall interactions. The analytic results reveal in a transparent way that wetting transitions in electrolyte solutions, which occur far away from their critical point (i.e., the bulk correlation length is less than half of the Debye length) are always first-order if the solvent-solvent and solvent-wall interactions are short-ranged. In contrast, wetting transitions close to the bulk critical point of the solvent (i.e., the bulk correlation length is larger than the Debye length) exhibit the same wetting behavior as the pure, i.e., salt-free, solvent. If the salt-free solvent is governed by long-ranged solvent-solvent as well as long-ranged solvent-wall interactions and exhibits critical wetting, adding salt can cause the occurrence of an ion-induced first-order thin-thick transition which precedes the subsequent continuous wetting as for the salt-free solvent.
description: Submitted
Setting the Stage for Habitable Planets
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Guillermo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our understanding of the processes that are relevant to the formation and maintenance of habitable planetary systems is advancing at a rapid pace, both from observation and theory. The present review focuses on recent research that bears on this topic and includes discussions of processes occurring in astrophysical, geophysical and climatic contexts, as well as the temporal evolution of planetary habitability. Special attention is given to recent observations of exoplanets and their host stars and the theories proposed to explain the observed trends. Recent theories about the early evolution of the Solar System and how they relate to its habitability are also summarized. Unresolved issues requiring additional research are pointed out, and a framework is provided for estimating the number of habitable planets in the Universe.
description: invited review paper