cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: An Experimental Study of Dewatering of Alum Sludge
Creators: name: Kelkar, Uday G.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1989

description: The use of aluminum sulfate (Alum) as a coagulant for treating surface water was introduced in 1884. When this salt is added to water, the aluminum Ion hydrolyzes by reaction that consumes alkalinity in water. The gelatinous hydroxide thus formed in the reaction, carries suspended material with it as it settles. In addition, however, it is likely that positively charged hydroxyl-bridge dimmers and higher polymers are formed which interact specifically with the colloidal particles, bringing about coagulation. These gelatinous floes settle by gravity, called sludge, consists of relatively large quantities of suspended and colloidal inorganic and organic materials.

The disposal of these wastes from water treatment plants is not a new problem. These sludges are highly variable in composition containing the concentrated materials removed from raw water and the chemicals added in the treatment processes.

This sludge dewatering remains perhaps the most difficult and elusive of the environmental engineering challenges. One of sludge dewatering' s most bothersome aspect is that there seems to be no accepted means to evaluate the case with which a sludge will release it's water.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide addition on sludge dewaterability utilizing sludge macro-properties such as pH, capillary suction time (CST), viscosity, and specific resistance. Hydrogen Peroxide resembles Ozone in its strong oxidizing qualities. Dilute solutions of hydrogen peroxide when reacted with the Al(OH) 3 floe appears to liberate oxygen and water. Specific dewatering processes investigated include sand beds, centrifugation, vacuum filtration, and pressure filtration. Water treatment plant sludges generated at the four major treatment plants in the South Eastern Virginia were examined.

Experimental results indicated that: hydrogen peroxide generally aids in sludge dewatering, providing higher cake solids concentrations. A laboratory (and possible Pilot) investigation is required in order to determine the optimum hydrogen peroxide dosage and the appropriate dewatering process for any particular sludge.
A novel framework for quantifying past methane recycling by Sphagnum-methanotroph symbiosis using carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of leaf wax biomarkers
Creators: name: Nichols, Jonathan E.
name: Isles, Peter D. F.
name: Peteet, Dorothy M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Peat mosses
subject: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
subject: Carbon--Isotopes
subject: Atmospheric methane
subject: Environmental sciences
subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Environmental geology

description: The concentration of atmospheric methane is strongly linked to variations in Earth's climate. Currently, we can directly reconstruct the total atmospheric concentration of methane, but not individual terms of the methane cycle. Northern wetlands, dominated by Sphagnum, are an important contributor of atmospheric methane, and we seek to understand the methane cycle in these systems. We present a novel method for quantifying the proportion of carbon Sphagnum assimilates from its methanotrophic symbionts using stable isotope ratios of leaf-wax biomarkers. Carbon isotope ratios of Sphagnum compounds are determined by two competing influences, water content and the isotope ratio of source carbon. We disentangled these effects using a combined hydrogen and carbon isotope approach. We constrained Sphagnum water content using the contrast between the hydrogen isotope ratios of Sphagnum and vascular plant biomarkers. We then used Sphagnum water content to calculate the carbon isotope ratio of Sphagnum's carbon pool. Using a mass balance equation, we calculated the proportion of recycled methane contributed to the Sphagnum carbon pool, “PRM.” We quantified PRM in peat monoliths from three microhabitats in the Mer Bleue peatland complex. Modern studies have shown that water table depth and vegetation have strong influences on the peatland methane cycle on instrumental time scales. With this new approach, δ13C of Sphagnum compounds are now a useful tool for investigating the relationships among hydrology, vegetation, and methanotrophy in Sphagnum peatlands over the time scales of entire peatland sediment records, vital to our understanding of the global carbon cycle through the Late Glacial and Holocene.
title: WOMEN RETURNING TO THEIR FAMILIES AND COMMUNITIES AFTER INCARCERATION
title: THEIR NEEDS, CONCERNS AND CHALLENGES
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Johnson, Julius
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FOS: Other social sciences

description: The voices of women in re-entry from prison have been muted for many decades. Prior research conducted on men and prison re-entry has been used to shape not only prisons but also the reentry process for women. It is because of this oversight that the gender-specific needs of women in the justice system have gone unnoticed. Once released, formerly incarcerated women face the almost impossible task of finding employment. Many women who find employment have found that their wages do not help them move out of poverty. Trying to find adequate housing becomes an issue not only because of their criminal records, but because they do not make enough money. The Landlords want to know how much the women make in order to see if they can pay the rent. Due to these issues, many women find themselves living in neighborhoods located in areas where their previous trauma experiences occurred.

In this study, ten women participated in individual interviews and a focus group session, wherein they discussed intimate details of their lives, through childhood, incarceration and the reentry process. Fatherless homes and early childhood sexual trauma were found to be prevalent in this study. This study was conducted to better understand the needs, concerns and challenges of women returning to their communities after incarceration.
description: © 2020 Julius Johnson
title: Book review : Albert E. Trieschman, James K. Whittaker and Larry K. Brendtro Piscataway, (1962). The Other 23 Hours. New Jersey, Aldine Transaction, 240pp. ISBN 0202260860
Creators: name: Hamilton, Kirsty
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2011

description: K. Brendtro, attempts to provide a framework for understanding and using the milieu as a therapeutic tool that helps to support, nourish and assist with vulnerable and traumatised children's development. Within the book the milieu is described as the surroundings or environment in which the children and young people live. The authors work from the premise that 'the action of adults with children and the adults' control of the environment can be co-ordinated to improve children's lives' (p.1). The majority of the observations came from the Walker Home for Children in Massachusetts. The authors described this home as a residential centre for 'severely disturbed, acting-out boys' (p.xii).
Future Prospects for Stau in Higgs Coupling to Di-photon
Creators: name: Endo, Motoi
name: Kitahara, Teppei
name: Yoshinaga, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study future prospects of the stau which contributes to the Higgs coupling to di-photon. The coupling is sensitive to new physics and planned to be measured at percent levels in future colliders. We show that, if the excess of the coupling is measured to be larger than 4 %, the lightest stau is predicted to be lighter than about 200 GeV by taking vacuum meta-stability conditions into account. Such a stau can be discovered at ILC. Moreover, we show how accurately the stau contribution to the coupling can be reconstructed from the information that is available at ILC. We also argue that, if the stau mixing angle is measured, the mass of the heaviest stau can be predicted by measuring the Higgs coupling, even when the heaviest stau is not yet discovered at the early stage of ILC.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; references added, to be published in JHEP
Hydroclimate Variations in Central and Monsoonal Asia over the Past 700 Years
Creators: name: Fang, Keyan
name: Chen, Fahu
name: Sen, Asok K.
name: Davi, Nicole K.
name: Huang, Wen
name: Li, Jinbao
name: Seppa, Heikki
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Atmospheric circulation
Climatic changes
Environmental sciences

description: Hydroclimate variations since 1300 in central and monsoonal Asia and their interplay on interannual and interdecadal timescales are investigated using the tree-ring based Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) reconstructions. Both the interannual and interdecadal variations in both regions are closely to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). On interannual timescale, the most robust correlations are observed between PDO and hydroclimate in central Asia. Interannual hydroclimate variations in central Asia are more significant during the warm periods with high solar irradiance, which is likely due to the enhanced variability of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, the high-frequency component of PDO, during the warm periods. We observe that the periods with significant interdecadal hydroclimate changes in central Asia often correspond to periods without significant interdecadal variability in monsoonal Asia, particularly before the 19th century. The PDO-hydroclimate relationships appear to be bridged by the atmospheric circulation between central North Pacific Ocean and Tibetan Plateau, a key area of PDO. While, in some periods the atmospheric circulation between central North Pacific Ocean and monsoonal Asia may lead to significant interdecadal hydroclimate variations in monsoonal Asia.
University as a core of e-learning ecosystem/Polishchuk Y., Kornyliuk A., Britchenko I.//14th conference reader, Prague: Center for Higher Education Studies Location: Microsoft, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC Date: JUN 20-21, 2019. – P. 309-319.
Creators: name: Britchenko, Igor
name: Yevhenia, Polishchuk
name: Anna, Kornyliuk
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 139999 Education not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 130304 Educational Administration, Management and Leadership
subject: 130306 Educational Technology and Computing

description: The concept and the main stakeholders of E-learning ecosystem are investigated at the article. University is regarded as a center of such ecosystem due to skilled knowledge providers and technical equipment availability. Studying different cases authors prove that higher educational institution plays a driver role in different projects, especially social start-up projects. Different models of partnership between universities and other stakeholders are considered. In authors’ opinion, one of the most perspective collaborative projects are in frame of “students – schoolchildren” due to effective knowledge transfer. Such kind of cooperation can fill the gap between school and university education. Particularly the framework of e-learning project in financial literacy for orphans totally prepared and executed by students is considered. The ICT tools are very actively used in these initiatives aiming to develop high demanded skills as critical thinking, creativity and complex problem solving. As a result, schoolchildren are receiving a toolkit for basic data analysis, developing own business plan and adopting evidencebased decisions. The authors prove that E-learning projects are able to improve both information and financial literacy and also increase the level of inclusivity into education of weak and socially unprotected children from orphanages. The article will be useful for the representatives from universities, orphanages, companies who eager to boost the level of their social responsibility. The aim of the research is to reveal different types of cooperation under social projects between higher educational institutions and other stakeholders, using wide range of ICT e-learning tools as well. In addition, to develop a set of recommendations to the universities of collaboration roadmap.
Introducing many-body physics using atomic spectroscopy
Creators: name: Krebs, Dietrich
name: Pabst, Stefan
name: Santra, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atoms constitute relatively simple many-body systems, making them suitable objects for developing an understanding of basic aspects of many-body physics. Photoabsorption spectroscopy is a prominent method to study the electronic structure of atoms and the inherent many-body interactions. In this article the impact of many-body effects on well-known spectroscopic features such as Rydberg series, Fano resonances, Cooper minima, and giant resonances is studied, and related many-body phenomena in other fields are outlined. To calculate photoabsorption cross sections the time-dependent configuration interaction singles (TDCIS) model is employed. The conceptual clearness of TDCIS in combination with the compactness of atomic systems allows for a pedagogical introduction to many-body phenomena.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. The following article has been accepted by American Journal of Physics
Volatility and Recovery Dynamics in Agricultural Trade
Creators: name: Khadka, Savin
name: Gopinath, Munisamy
name: Batarseh, Feras A.
name: Khadka, Savin
name: Gopinath, Munisamy
name: Batarseh, Feras A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: policy uncertainty
subject: agricultural trade
subject: anomaly detection
subject: machine learning

description: While uncertainty effects on macroeconomic indicators such as consumption, production, and investment have been well-studied, much remains to be known about the relationship between uncertainty and international trade. Some early explorations into this topic have revealed that high economic uncertainty can have detrimental impacts on trade, but the evidence is not conclusive, particularly that on the heterogeneity of uncertainty effects across sectors. This study provides one of the first investigations into the uncertainty-agricultural trade nexus. Application of a novel data-driven methodology - anomaly detection and classification - to monthly trade data at the HS-4 level finds that imports of agricultural commodities are reduced when economic uncertainty is high. Evidence also suggests that economic policy-related uncertainty has larger and more persistent impacts on agricultural trade than structural uncertainty arising from supply-side fluctuations. Interestingly, anticipatory stock-piling occurred, like in durable goods, when uncertainty is specific to trade policy.
description: This volume contains information which was presented at an International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium Annual Meeting, which was held December 12-14, 2021 in San Diego, CA.
Archaeology in 2021: Repatriation, Reclamation, and Reckoning with Historical Trauma
Creators: Montgomery, Lindsay M.
Supernant, Kisha
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

Archaeology in 2021 was characterized by a continued call to use the tools of the discipline to document the violence of settler colonialism in the past and present, pushing anthropology to reckon with its own role in perpetuating historical trauma. The tension between disciplinary reflection and reform was most clearly articulated in the use of archaeological geophysics to detect the unmarked graves of incarcerated Indigenous children who died at residential and boarding schools in Canada and the United States. The highly publicized investigation of these schools has brought renewed attention to issues of repatriation and historical reclamation for many communities impacted by settler colonialism. These discussions have reverberated throughout the discipline, prompting revisions to the Society for American Archaeology's “Statement Concerning the Treatment of Human Remains,” reopening conversations around an African American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, and informing debates around the ethics of DNA research. These conversations are part of a larger movement toward decolonizing the field by using archaeological methods to explore marginalized histories and support communities most impacted by the violences of settler colonialism.
No early warning signals for stochastic transitions: insights from large deviation theory
Creators: name: Boettiger, Carl
name: Hastings, Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A reply to Drake (2013) "Early warning signals of stochastic switching" http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0686
title: Rede über die Nothwendigkeit einer Reform in der katholischen Dogmatik; 1803
title: Gelesen am Anfange des Schuljahrs ... den 3. Nov. 1802
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Stangl, Gregor
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2009

description: In Fraktur
University as a core of e-learning ecosystem/Polishchuk Y., Kornyliuk A., Britchenko I.//14th conference reader, Prague: Center for Higher Education Studies Location: Microsoft, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC Date: JUN 20-21, 2019.
Creators: name: Britchenko, Igor
name: Yevhenia, Polishchuk
name: Anna, Kornyliuk
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 139999 Education not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 130304 Educational Administration, Management and Leadership
subject: 130306 Educational Technology and Computing

description: The concept and the main stakeholders of E-learning ecosystem are investigated at the article. University is regarded as a center of such ecosystem due to skilled knowledge providers and technical equipment availability. Studying different cases authors prove that higher educational institution plays a driver role in different projects, especially social start-up projects. Different models of partnership between universities and other stakeholders are considered. In authors’ opinion, one of the most perspective collaborative projects are in frame of “students – schoolchildren” due to effective knowledge transfer. Such kind of cooperation can fill the gap between school and university education. Particularly the framework of e-learning project in financial literacy for orphans totally prepared and executed by students is considered. The ICT tools are very actively used in these initiatives aiming to develop high demanded skills as critical thinking, creativity and complex problem solving. As a result, schoolchildren are receiving a toolkit for basic data analysis, developing own business plan and adopting evidencebased decisions. The authors prove that E-learning projects are able to improve both information and financial literacy and also increase the level of inclusivity into education of weak and socially unprotected children from orphanages. The article will be useful for the representatives from universities, orphanages, companies who eager to boost the level of their social responsibility. The aim of the research is to reveal different types of cooperation under social projects between higher educational institutions and other stakeholders, using wide range of ICT e-learning tools as well. In addition, to develop a set of recommendations to the universities of collaboration roadmap.
A genetic link between silicic slab components and calc-alkaline arc volcanism in central Mexico
Creators: name: Straub, Susanne M.
name: Zellmer, Georg F.
name: Gómez-Tuena, Arturo
name: Espinasa-Pereña, Ramon
name: Martin-Del Pozzo, Ana Lillian
name: Stuart, Finlay M.
name: Langmuir, Charles H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Plate tectonics--Research
Orogenic belts
Plate tectonics
Geomorphology
Mineralogy

description: A fundamental question in the formation of orogenic andesites is whether their high melt SiO2 reflects the recycling of silicic melts from the subducted slab or the processing of basaltic mantle melts in the overlying crust. The latter model is widely favoured, because most arc magmas lack the ‘garnet’ signature of partial slab melts. Here we present new trace element data from Holocene high-Mg# >64–72 calc-alkaline basalts to andesites (50–62 wt% SiO2) from the central Mexican Volcanic Belt that crystallize high-Ni olivines with the high 3He/4He=7–8 of the upper mantle. These magmas have been proposed to be partial melts from ‘reaction pyroxenites’, which formed by hybridization of mantle peridotite (c. 82–85%) and heavy rare earth element-depleted silicic slab melt (>15–18%). Forward and inverse models suggest that the absence of a garnet signature in these melts reflects the efficient buffering of the heavy rare earth elements (Ho to Lu) in the subarc mantle. In contrast, all elements more incompatible than Ho – excepting TiO2 – are more or less strongly controlled by the silicic slab flux that also directly contributes to the silicic arc magma formation. Our study emphasizes the strong link between slab recycling and the genesis of orogenic andesites.
Olbricht Coding Sample
Creators: name: Olbricht, Hope
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This is a script I wrote that uses the raw proportions data produced from a workflow my teammates and I developed to analyze multiple existing 16S rRNA data sets. This code specifically applies to the Scheiman et al. 2019 data set that went through the workflow. It converts the raw abundance proportions data into a pairwise list, showing the Pearson's correlation value and p-value for all possible correlations. It also creates a correlation plot of the 16 target genera that were identified in the 4 existing data sets we used. This figure is in a manuscript currently under review in the journal, Microorganisms.
Supersymmetric Defect Models and Mirror Symmetry
Creators: name: Hook, Anson
name: Kachru, Shamit
name: Torroba, Gonzalo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study supersymmetric field theories in three space-time dimensions doped by various configurations of electric charges or magnetic fluxes. These are supersymmetric avatars of impurity models. In the presence of additional sources such configurations are shown to preserve half of the supersymmetries. Mirror symmetry relates the two sets of configurations. We discuss the implications for impurity models in 3d N=4 QED with a single charged hypermultiplet (and its mirror, the theory of a free hypermultiplet) as well as 3d N=2 QED with one flavor and its dual, a supersymmetric Wilson-Fisher fixed point. Mirror symmetry allows us to find backreacted solutions for arbitrary arrays of defects in the IR limit of N=4 QED. Our analysis, complemented with appropriate string theory brane constructions, sheds light on various aspects of mirror symmetry, the map between particles and vortices and the emergence of ground state entropy in QED at finite density.
description: 33 pages, 10 figures. arXiv admin note: Figure 1 taken from arXiv:hep-th/9703110
Flow and sorption controls of groundwater arsenic in individual boreholes from bedrock aquifers in central Maine, USA
Creators: name: Yang, Qiang
name: Culbertson, Charles W.
name: Nielsen, Martha G.
name: Schalk, Charles W.
name: Johnson, Carole D.
name: Marvinney, Robert G.
name: Stute, Martin
name: Zheng, Yan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Groundwater--Arsenic content
subject: Adsorption
subject: Aquifers--Testing
subject: Geophysical well logging
subject: Hydrology
subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geophysics

description: To understand the hydrogeochemical processes regulating well water arsenic (As) evolution in fractured bedrock aquifers, three domestic wells with [As] up to 478 μg/L are investigated in central Maine. Geophysical logging reveals that fractures near the borehole bottom contribute 70–100% of flow. Borehole and fracture water samples from various depths show significant proportions of As (up to 69%) and Fe (93–99%) in particulates (> 0.45 μm). These particulates and those settled after a 16-day batch experiment contain 560–13,000 mg/kg of As and 14–35% weight/weight of Fe. As/Fe ratios (2.5–20 mmol/mol) and As partitioning ratios (adsorbed/dissolved [As], 20,000–100,000 L/kg) suggest that As is sorbed onto amorphous hydrous ferric oxides. Newly drilled cores also show enrichment of As (up to 1300 mg/kg) sorbed onto secondary iron minerals on the fracture surfaces. Pumping at high flow rates induces large decreases in particulate As and Fe, a moderate increase in dissolved [As] and As(III)/As ratio, while little change in major ion chemistry. The δD and δ18O are similar for the borehole and fracture waters, suggesting a same source of recharge from atmospheric precipitation. Results support a conceptual model invoking flow and sorption controls on groundwater [As] in fractured bedrock aquifers whereby oxygen infiltration promotes the oxidation of As-bearing sulfides at shallower depths in the oxic portion of the flow path releasing As and Fe; followed by Fe oxidation to form Fe oxyhydroxide particulates, which are transported in fractures and sorb As along the flow path until intercepted by boreholes. In the anoxic portions of the flow path, reductive dissolution of As-sorbed iron particulates could re-mobilize As. For exposure assessment, we recommend sampling of groundwater without filtration to obtain total As concentration in groundwater.
Automated Classification of Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment using Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Lyu, Jialin
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a severe irreversible neurodegenerative disease that has great sufferings on patients and eventually leads to death [1]. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an early stage that AD patients go through. AD destroys brain cells, causing people to lose their memory, mental functions and ability to continue daily activities. It is a severe neurological brain disorder which is not curable, but earlier detection of AD can help for proper treatment and prevent brain tissue damage [39]. Until now, the cause of AD is still unknown. Moreover, doctors can hardly make use of medical images such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for AD clinical diagnosis as there are overlaps in what doctors consider normal age-related changes in the brain and abnormal changes [19]. Recently, Deep Learning (DL) methods have become an attractive and fundamental element of computer-aided analytical techniques and have been widely employed for the automated diagnosis and analysis of neuropsychiatric disorders [64]. In this thesis, we have proposed Spatial-temporal Combined Feature Extraction models for MRI-based automated AD diagnosis. Our models have been trained and evaluated using MRI data from the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS)-1 dataset and we have achieved competitive and promising results.
title: Denitrification and Biological Phosphorus Removal Using Focused, Pulse-Treated, Thickened Waste Activated Sludge as an Internal Carbon Source
Creators: name: Hillard, Holly Anne
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Recent research shows that an internal carbon source, derived from the treatment of waste activated sludge (WAS), could be used as an alternative to external carbon sources for denitrification in biological wastewater treatment processes. In this study, a thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) treatment technology, developed by the company OpenCEL, was used to treat TWAS with pulsed electric fields (PEF) to transform it into an organic substrate for heterotrophic denitrification in a biological nutrient removal (BNR) system. If effective, this technique could significantly reduce the external carbon source demand.

To determine the utility of OpenCEL-treated TWAS as an internal carbon source to aid in denitrification, this study employed three 22 L Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBRs) continuously-operating for five months and simulating a 4-stage Bardenpho configuration to determine if treated TWAS could reduce or replace an external carbon source. In the last three weeks of the study, the SB Rs' temperature was reduced from 20°C to 12°C to determine treatment efficiency under cold weather conditions.

Supplemental batch tests examining the biological activity of nitrifiers, heterotrophs, and PAOs in treated TWAS were also performed. This was done to quantify the extent bacterial inactivation due to the OpenCEL treatment. Simulation modeling of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant using Bio Win was performed to examine the effect of adding TWAS as a carbon source in a full-scale plant.

This study indicates that OpenCEL treated TWAS, without downstream separation of solids from soluble COD (sCOD), is not a viable supplement or alternative to external carbon addition. It was observed in the SBRs that both the untreated and treated TWAS were bioaugmenting the reactors, indicating incomplete PEF treatment of the TWAS. The incomplete treatment was verified by similar nitrifier, denitrifier, and PAO activity in treated and untreated TWAS batch tests. The simulation modeling showed that even if TWAS were completely inactivated through the PEF treatment, resulting in no bioaugmentation and substantial sCOD release, the additional solids added to the treatment train would demand a reduction in SRT to the point where nitrification is lost at cold temperatures. Thus, it was determined that OpenCEL treated TWAS, without downstream solids separation, is not a feasible technology for denitrification enhancement regardless of PEF treatment efficiency.
Dynamical Causes of the 2010/11 Texas–Northern Mexico Drought
Creators: name: Seager, Richard
name: Goddard, Lisa M.
name: Nakamura, Jennifer A.
name: Henderson, Naomi L.
name: Lee, Dong Eun
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Hydrometeorology
Long-range weather forecasting
Meteorology
Hydrology
Atmosphere

description: The causes of the Texas–northern Mexico drought during 2010–11 are shown, using observations, reanalyses, and model simulations, to arise from a combination of ocean forcing and internal atmospheric variability. The drought began in fall 2010 and winter 2010/11 as a La Niña event developed in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Climate models forced by observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) produced dry conditions in fall 2010 through spring 2011 associated with transient eddy moisture flux divergence related to a northward shift of the Pacific–North American storm track, typical of La Niña events. In contrast the observed drought was not associated with such a clear shift of the transient eddy fields and instead was significantly influenced by internal atmospheric variability including the negative North Atlantic Oscillation of winter 2010/11, which created mean flow moisture divergence and drying over the southern Plains and southeast United States. The models suggest that drought continuation into summer 2011 was not strongly SST forced. Mean flow circulation and moisture divergence anomalies were responsible for the summer 2011 drought, arising from either internal atmospheric variability or a response to dry summer soils not captured by the models. The summer of 2011 was one of the two driest and hottest summers over recent decades but it does not represent a clear outlier to the strong inverse relation between summer precipitation and temperature in the region. Seasonal forecasts at 3.5-month lead time did predict onset of the drought in fall and winter 2010/11 but not intensification into summer 2011, demonstrating the current, and likely inherent, inability to predict important aspects of North American droughts.
University as a core of e-learning ecosystem/Polishchuk Y., Kornyliuk A., Britchenko I.//14th conference reader, Prague: Center for Higher Education Studies Location: Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC, 2019.
Creators: name: Britchenko, Igor
name: Yevhenia, Polishchuk
name: Anna, Kornyliuk
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 139999 Education not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 130304 Educational Administration, Management and Leadership
subject: 130306 Educational Technology and Computing

description: The concept and the main stakeholders of E-learning ecosystem are investigated at the article. University is regarded as a center of such ecosystem due to skilled knowledge providers and technical equipment availability. Studying different cases authors prove that higher educational institution plays a driver role in different projects, especially social start-up projects. Different models of partnership between universities and other stakeholders are considered. In authors’ opinion, one of the most perspective collaborative projects are in frame of “students – schoolchildren” due to effective knowledge transfer. Such kind of cooperation can fill the gap between school and university education. Particularly the framework of e-learning project in financial literacy for orphans totally prepared and executed by students is considered. The ICT tools are very actively used in these initiatives aiming to develop high demanded skills as critical thinking, creativity and complex problem solving. As a result, schoolchildren are receiving a toolkit for basic data analysis, developing own business plan and adopting evidencebased decisions. The authors prove that E-learning projects are able to improve both information and financial literacy and also increase the level of inclusivity into education of weak and socially unprotected children from orphanages. The article will be useful for the representatives from universities, orphanages, companies who eager to boost the level of their social responsibility. The aim of the research is to reveal different types of cooperation under social projects between higher educational institutions and other stakeholders, using wide range of ICT e-learning tools as well. In addition, to develop a set of recommendations to the universities of collaboration roadmap.
A comparison of approaches to the prediction of surface wave amplitude
Creators: name: Dalton, Colleen A.
name: Hjorleifsdottir, Vala
name: Ekström, Göran
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Surface waves (Oceanography)
subject: Free earth oscillations
subject: Waves, Seismic
subject: Elastic wave propagation
subject: Seismic tomography
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Plate tectonics

description: A controlled experiment is performed to investigate how assumptions and simplifications in the measurement and analysis of surface wave amplitudes affect inferred attenuation variations in the mantle. Synthetic seismograms are generated using a spectral-element method for 42 earthquakes, 134 receiver locations and two earth models, both of which contain 3-D elastic properties and 1-D anelastic properties. Fundamental-mode Rayleigh-wave amplitudes are measured at periods of 50, 75 and 125 s for 4749 paths. The amplitudes are measured with respect to a reference waveform based on 1-D Earth structure, and thus amplitude observations that are not equal to unity can be attributed to differences in the computation of the spectral-element and reference waveforms or to uncertainties in the amplitude measurements themselves. Calculation of earthquake source excitation in the 3-D earth model versus the 1-D earth model has a significant effect on the amplitudes, especially at shorter periods, and variations in the average amplitude for each event are well explained by the effect of Earth structure at the event location on the source excitation. The effect of local Earth structure at the receiver location on the amplitude is, for most paths, much smaller than for the source amplitude. After correcting for source and receiver effects on amplitude, the remaining signal is compared to predictions of elastic focusing effects using the great-circle ray approximation, exact ray theory (ERT) and finite-frequency theory (FFT). We find that, for the earth models we have tested, ERT provides the best fit at 50 s, and FFT is most successful at 75 and 125 s, indicating that the broad zone of surface wave sensitivity cannot be neglected for the longer periods in our experiment. The bias introduced into attenuation models by focusing effects, which is assessed by inverting the measured amplitudes for 2-D attenuation maps, is most important at high spherical-harmonic degrees. Unaccounted-for scattering of seismic energy may slightly (<5 per cent) raise average global attenuation values at short periods but has no detectable effect at longer periods. The findings of this study also provide a set of guidelines for handling source, receiver and focusing effects that can be applied to surface wave amplitudes measured for the real Earth.
University as a core of e-learning ecosystem/Polishchuk Y., Kornyliuk A., Britchenko I.//14th conference reader, Prague: Center for Higher Education Studies Location: Microsoft, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC, 2019.
Creators: name: Britchenko, Igor
name: Yevhenia, Polishchuk
name: Anna, Kornyliuk
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 139999 Education not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 130304 Educational Administration, Management and Leadership
subject: 130306 Educational Technology and Computing

description: The concept and the main stakeholders of E-learning ecosystem are investigated at the article. University is regarded as a center of such ecosystem due to skilled knowledge providers and technical equipment availability. Studying different cases authors prove that higher educational institution plays a driver role in different projects, especially social start-up projects. Different models of partnership between universities and other stakeholders are considered. In authors’ opinion, one of the most perspective collaborative projects are in frame of “students – schoolchildren” due to effective knowledge transfer. Such kind of cooperation can fill the gap between school and university education. Particularly the framework of e-learning project in financial literacy for orphans totally prepared and executed by students is considered. The ICT tools are very actively used in these initiatives aiming to develop high demanded skills as critical thinking, creativity and complex problem solving. As a result, schoolchildren are receiving a toolkit for basic data analysis, developing own business plan and adopting evidencebased decisions. The authors prove that E-learning projects are able to improve both information and financial literacy and also increase the level of inclusivity into education of weak and socially unprotected children from orphanages. The article will be useful for the representatives from universities, orphanages, companies who eager to boost the level of their social responsibility. The aim of the research is to reveal different types of cooperation under social projects between higher educational institutions and other stakeholders, using wide range of ICT e-learning tools as well. In addition, to develop a set of recommendations to the universities of collaboration roadmap.
Transition Metal and Inner Transition Metal Catalyzed Amide Derivatives Formation through Isocyanide Chemistry
Creators: name: Shiri, Morteza
name: Noushin Farajinia-Lehi
name: Salehi, Parvin
name: Tanbakouchian, Zahra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30205 Non-metal Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30303 Optical Properties of Materials
subject: 30503 Organic Chemical Synthesis
subject: 30599 Organic Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: 30504 Organic Green Chemistry
subject: 30207 Transition Metal Chemistry
subject: 30306 Synthesis of Materials

description: The synthesis of amides is a substantial research area in organic chemistry because of their ubiquitous presence in natural products and bioactive molecules. The use of easily accessible isocyanides as amidoyl (carbamoyl) synthons in cross-coupling reactions using transition metal and inner transition metal catalysts is a current trend in this area. Isocyanides, owing to their coordination ability as a ligand and inherent electronic properties for reactions with various partners, have expanded the potential application of these transformations for the preparation of novel synthetic molecules and pharmaceutical candidates. This review gives an overview of the achievements in isocyanidebased transition metal and inner transition metal catalyzed amide formation and discusses highlights of the proposed distinct mechanisms.
A scoping review to evaluate the impact of heavy metals in the agri-food environment as selective pressure for the mobilisation of antimicrobial resistance
Creators: name: Anedda, E.
name: Burgess, C
name: Morris, D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Evaluation of the role of heavy metals on AMR dissemination through a scoping review. OHEJP Project: HME-AMR
Glacial influence on the geochemistry of riverine iron fluxes to the Gulf of Alaska and effects of deglaciation
Creators: name: Schroth, Andrew W.
name: Crusius, John
name: Chever, Fanny
name: Bostick, Benjamin C.
name: Rouxel, Olivier J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Watershed hydrology
subject: Biogeochemical cycles
subject: Glacial erosion
subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Hydrology

description: [1] Riverine iron (Fe) derived from glacial weathering is a critical micronutrient source to ecosystems of the Gulf of Alaska (GoA). Here we demonstrate that the source and chemical nature of riverine Fe input to the GoA could change dramatically due to the widespread watershed deglaciation that is underway. We examine Fe size partitioning, speciation, and isotopic composition in tributaries of the Copper River which exemplify a long-term GoA watershed evolution from one strongly influenced by glacial weathering to a boreal-forested watershed. Iron fluxes from glacierized tributaries bear high suspended sediment and colloidal Fe loads of mixed valence silicate species, with low concentrations of dissolved Fe and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Iron isotopic composition is indicative of mechanical weathering as the Fe source. Conversely, Fe fluxes from boreal-forested systems have higher dissolved Fe concentrations corresponding to higher DOC concentrations. Iron colloids and suspended sediment consist of Fe (hydr)oxides and organic complexes. These watersheds have an iron isotopic composition indicative of an internal chemical processing source. We predict that as the GoA watershed evolves due to deglaciation, so will the source, flux, and chemical nature of riverine Fe loads, which could have significant ramifications for Alaskan marine and freshwater ecosystems.
Privatization, Drought, and Fire Exclusion in the Tuul River Watershed, Mongolia
Creators: name: Saladyga, Thomas
name: Hessl, Amy
name: Nachin, Baatarbileg
name: Pederson, Neil
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Land use
subject: Privatization
subject: Droughts
subject: Wildfires
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Range management

description: Global wildfire frequency and extent are expected to increase under projected climate change in the twenty-first century, yet little is known about how human activities might affect this trend. In central Mongolia, there has been a 2.5°C rise in spring and summer temperatures during the last 40 years and a decrease in moisture availability during the latter half of the twentieth century. Concurrently, Mongolia has experienced multiple shifts in socioeconomic systems during the twentieth century, most notably the establishment of a Soviet-backed communist economy in the 1920s and a rapid transition to privatization in the 1990s. Observed records of fire in the late twentieth century suggested that fire activity had increased, but no long-term data existed to place these trends in a historical context. Our objective was to identify spatial and temporal patterns in fire occurrence in the forest-steppe ecotone of the Tuul River watershed in the context of changing climatic and social conditions since 1875. We used fire-scarred trees to reconstruct past fire occurrence during the period 1875–2009. Our results indicate a significant association between human activity and fire occurrence independent of climatic variables. The greatest evidence for an anthropogenic fire regime exists following the transition to a free market economy during the early 1990s when land-use intensification near the capital city of Ulaanbaatar resulted in fire exclusion. We emphasize the importance of including socio-political variables in global models of wildfire potential, particularly where fuels limit fire activity.
Quark scalar, axial, and pseudoscalar charges in the Schwinger-Dyson formalism
Creators: name: Yamanaka, Nodoka
name: Imai, Shotaro
name: Doi, Takahiro M.
name: Suganuma, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the scalar, axial, and pseudoscalar charges of the quark in the Schwinger-Dyson formalism of Landau gauge QCD. It is found that the dressed quark scalar density of the valence quark is significantly enhanced against the bare quark contribution, and the result explains qualitatively the phenomenologically known value of the pion-nucleon sigma term and also that given by lattice QCD. Moreover, we show that the Richardson's interquark potential suppresses the quark scalar density in the Higashjima-Miransky approximation. This fact suggests that the quark scalar density is an observable that is sensitive to quark confinement. For the quark axial charge, we find that it is suppressed due to the gluon dynamics. The result of the quenched analysis agrees qualitatively with the experimental data of the isovector axial coupling constant $g_A$. We show that the suppression of the quenched axial charge is due to a mechanism similar to that of the quark tensor charge. In the Schwinger-Dyson equation with the leading unquenching quark-loop contribution the quark axial charge is more suppressed, due to the anomaly effect. The quark pseudoscalar density is found to be large, and is divergent as the bare quark becomes massless. This result is in agreement with the phenomenological current algebraic analysis, and explains well the dominance of the pion-pole contribution.
description: 28 pages, 22 figures
Climate Shocks
Creators: name: DeMenocal, Peter B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Climatic changes
Paleoclimatology
Physical anthropology

description: Changes in climate are emerging as elements that shaped human evolution over millions of years, as scientists learn that such alteration coincided with the extinction of some of our ancestors and the success of others. Evidence from ancient soils in East Africa, deep-sea sediments and fossil teeth from our forerunners combines to reveal rapid swings between wet and dry environments, as well two distinct periods when grasslands replaced more wooded areas. The emergence of our own genus, Homo, our varied diet, advances in stone tool technology and the very human trait of adaptability in the face of ongoing change may be tied to these episodes, according to one theory.