cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Salient Mask-Guided Vision Transformer for Fine-Grained Classification
Creators: name: Demidov, Dmitry
name: Sharif, Muhammad Hamza
name: Abdurahimov, Aliakbar
name: Cholakkal, Hisham
name: Khan, Fahad Shahbaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fine-grained visual classification (FGVC) is a challenging computer vision problem, where the task is to automatically recognise objects from subordinate categories. One of its main difficulties is capturing the most discriminative inter-class variances among visually similar classes. Recently, methods with Vision Transformer (ViT) have demonstrated noticeable achievements in FGVC, generally by employing the self-attention mechanism with additional resource-consuming techniques to distinguish potentially discriminative regions while disregarding the rest. However, such approaches may struggle to effectively focus on truly discriminative regions due to only relying on the inherent self-attention mechanism, resulting in the classification token likely aggregating global information from less-important background patches. Moreover, due to the immense lack of the datapoints, classifiers may fail to find the most helpful inter-class distinguishing features, since other unrelated but distinctive background regions may be falsely recognised as being valuable. To this end, we introduce a simple yet effective Salient Mask-Guided Vision Transformer (SM-ViT), where the discriminability of the standard ViT`s attention maps is boosted through salient masking of potentially discriminative foreground regions. Extensive experiments demonstrate that with the standard training procedure our SM-ViT achieves state-of-the-art performance on popular FGVC benchmarks among existing ViT-based approaches while requiring fewer resources and lower input image resolution.
description: Accepted by VISAPP 2023 (Best Student Paper Award)
Variational wave functions for homogenous Bose systems
Creators: name: Suto, Andras
name: Szepfalusy, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study variational wave functions of the product form, factorizing according to the wave vectors k, for the ground state of a system of bosons interacting via positive pair interactions with a positive Fourier transform. Our trial functions are members of different orthonormal bases in Fock space. Each basis contains a quasiparticle vacuum state and states with an arbitrary finite number of quasiparticles. One of the bases is that of Valatin and Butler (VB), introduced fifty years ago and parametrized by an infinite set of variables determining Bogoliubov's canonical transformation for each k. In another case, inspired by Nozières and Saint James the canonical transformation for k=0 is replaced by a shift in the creation/annihilation operators. For the VB basis we prove that the lowest energy is obtained in a state with ~sqrt{volume} quasiparticles in the zero mode. The number of k=0 physical particles is of the order of the volume and its fluctuation is anomalously large, resulting in an excess energy. The same fluctuation is normal in the second type of optimized bases, the minimum energy is smaller and is attained in a vacuum state. Associated quasiparticle theories and questions about the gap in their spectrum are also discussed.
A novel exact magnetic black hole solution in four-dimensional extended scalar-tensor-Gauss-Bonnet theory
Creators: name: Cañate, Pedro
name: Bergliaffa, Santiago Esteban Perez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work the first exact asymptotically flat static and spherically symmetric black hole solution for $(3+1)$-dimensional ESTGB is presented, with a model of nonlinear electrodynamics -- that reduces to Maxwell's theory in the weak field limit and satisfies the weak energy condition -- as a source. The solution has a nonzero magnetic charge, and scalar hair, which turns out to be dependent of the magnetic charge. It is characterized by the ADM mass $m$ and the magnetic charge $q$. Depending on the range of these parameters, the solution describes black holes with different structure. In the case $m\geq0$ and $q\geq0$, it shares many of the characteristics of the Schwarzschild solution. For $m>0$ and $q<0$, it is akin to the Reissner-Nordström metric. In the case $m=0$, it represents a purely magnetic black hole.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
Parameterized Verification of Disjunctive Timed Networks
Creators: name: André, Étienne
name: Eichler, Paul
name: Jacobs, Swen
name: Karra, Shyam Lal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.4; F.1.2

description: We introduce new techniques for the parameterized verification of disjunctive timed networks (DTNs), i.e., networks of timed automata (TAs) that communicate via location guards that enable a transition only if there is another process in a given location. This computational model has been considered in the literature before, example applications are gossiping clock synchronization protocols or planning problems. We address the minimum-time reachability problem (Minreach) in DTNs, and show how to efficiently solve it based on a novel zone graph algorithm. We further show that solving Minreach allows us to construct a summary TA capturing exactly the possible behaviors of a single TA within a DTN of arbitrary size. The combination of these two results enables the parameterized verification of DTNs, while avoiding the construction of an exponential-size cutoff system required by existing results. Additionally, we develop sufficient conditions for solving Minreach and parameterized verification problems even in certain cases where locations that appear in location guards can have clock invariants, a case that has usually been excluded in the literature. Our techniques are also implemented, and experiments show their practicality.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
A simulated study on some fundamental aspects in flakeboard manufacture
Creators: name: Song, Dongjin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The localized properties of conventional pressed flakeboards were studied using simulated approaches. There parallel experiments were performed in this study. Firstly, Columns of trembling aspen flakes were assembled and pressed in wood particle mat in order to simulate localized variations in a flakeboard. The flake columns were constructed from 24, 32, 40 microtomed flakes. Powdered phenol formaldehyde resin was applied to all flakes at the loading level of 1%. The flake assemblies were assessed in term of bonding properties and dimensional stability. The thickness swell test were performed using an image analysis system Three variables were studied (1) pressing condition; (2) number of flakes in a flake assembly (density levels); (3) vertical layers in each flake assembly. Secondly, the compression process of the flake columns were also monitored the deformation process of the flake columns were also monitored using stress and strain relationships using a computerized cold press. The deformed wood structures were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The dimensional properties of flakes compressed at different compaction ratios were also tested. Thirdly, the flow properties of the powdered phenol formaldehyde resin was studied using a thermal mechanical analyzer (TMA). A range of pressing forces and heating rates were applied to simulate internal environmental conditions in flakeboard. The results show that density of flake assemblies influences heat transfer, and also positively affects bonding strength at the intermediate and core layers and thickness swell values the face, intermediate and core layers. Outer layers generally have greater bonding strength and thickness swell values than inner layers did. Moisture content affects bonding strength and thickness for higher density flake assemblies at the face and intermediate layers. This results from compression tested show that, at a higher CR, the thickness swelling was mainly contributed to the balloon back of the cell lumens when compressed wood was soaked in water condition. The results from (TMA) studies show that pressure and heating rate affect adhesive flow and greater adhesive flow occurred at the more rapid heating rates.
Inverse Compton e-p pair cascade model for the gamma-ray production in massive binary LSI +61^o 303
Creators: name: Bednarek, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply an inverse Compton $e^\pm$ pair cascade model for $γ$-ray production in massive binary system LSI +61$^{\rm o}$ 303 assuming that electrons are accelerated already inside the inner part of the jet launched by the compact object. $γ$-ray spectra, affected by the cascade process, and lower energy spectra, from the synchrotron cooling of the highest energy electrons in the jet, are calculated as a function of the phase of this binary system. $γ$-ray spectra expected in such model have different shape than that ones produced by electrons in the jet directly to observer. Moreover, the model predicts clear anti-correlation between $γ$-ray fluxes in the GeV (1-10 GeV) and TeV ($>200$ GeV) energy ranges with the peak of the TeV emission at the phase $\sim$0.5 (the peak half width ranges between the phases $\sim$0.4-0.9 for the inclination of the binary system equal to $60^{\rm o}$, and $\sim$0.4-0.1 for $30^{\rm o}$). The fine features of TeV $γ$-ray emission (fluxes and spectral shapes) as a function of the phase of the binary system are consistent with recent observations reported by the MAGIC collaboration. Future simultaneous observations in the GeV energies (by the GLAST and AGILE telescopes) and in the TeV energies (by the MAGIC and VERITAS telescopes) should test other predictions of the considered model supporting or disproving the hypothersis of acceleration of electrons already in the inner part of the microquasar jets.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, version accepted to MNRAS
The Effect Of Alpha-Element Enhancement On Surface Brightness Fluctuation Magnitudes And Broad-Band Colors
Creators: name: Lee, Hyun-chul
name: Worthey, Guy
name: Blakeslee, John P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the effects due to alpha-element enhancement on surface brightness fluctuation magnitudes and broad-band colors in order to investigate the calibration zero-point. We study these effects at ages covering 0.1 to 13 Gyr and metallicities of Z=0.0003 to 0.04 using the Teramo group's isochrones, BaSTI. Our preliminary results indicate that alpha-enhanced models are needed to match massive red galaxies while solar-scaled models are fine for dwarf blue galaxies to reproduce their independently estimated ages and metallicities.
description: To appear in the proceedings for IAU symposium 241. "Stellar Populations as Building Blocks of Galaxies", Editors: R.F. Peletier, A. Vazdekis. Relevant materials are also at http://astro.wsu.edu/hclee/hclee_208_AAS_10_07.pdf and http://www.astro.rug.nl/~sctrager/FTSPM/Lee_alpha.pdf
Experimental assessment of clinical MRI-induced global SAR distributions in head phantoms
Creators: name: Blackwell, J.
name: Oluniran, G.
name: Tuohy, B.
name: Destrade, M.
name: Kraśny, M. J.
name: Colgan, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Objective: Accurate estimation of SAR is critical to safeguarding vulnerable patients who require an MRI procedure. The increased static field strength and RF duty cycle capabilities in modern MRI scanners mean that systems can easily exceed safe SAR levels for patients. Advisory protocols routinely used to establish quality assurance protocols are not required to advise on the testing of MRI SAR levels and is not routinely measured in annual medical physics quality assurance checks. This study aims to develop a head phantom and protocol that can independently verify global SAR for MRI clinical scanners. Methods: A four-channel birdcage head coil was used for RF transmission and signal reception. Proton resonance shift thermometry was used to estimate SAR. The SAR estimates were verified by comparing results against two other independent measures, then applied to a further four scanners at field strengths of 1.5 T and 3 T. Results: Scanner output SAR values ranged from 0.42 to 1.52 W/kg. Percentage SAR differences between independently estimated values and those calculated by the scanners differed by 0-2.3%. Conclusion: We have developed a quality assurance protocol to independently verify the SAR output of MRI scanners.
Exact large-scale fluctuations of the phase field in the sine-Gordon model
Creators: name: Del Vecchio, Giuseppe Del Vecchio
name: Kormos, Márton
name: Doyon, Benjamin
name: Bastianello, Alvise
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first exact theory and analytical formulas for the large-scale phase fluctuations in the sine-Gordon model, valid in all regimes of the field theory, for arbitrary temperatures and interaction strengths. Our result is based on the Ballistic Fluctuation Theory combined with Generalized Hydrodynamics, and can be seen as an exact ``dressing" of the phenomenological soliton-gas picture first introduced by Sachdev and Young [S. Sachdev and A. P. Young, PRL 78, 2220 (1997)], to the modes of Generalised Hydrodynamics. The resulting physics of phase fluctuations in the sine-Gordon model is qualitatively different, as the stable quasi-particles of integrability give coherent ballistic propagation instead of diffusive spreading. We provide extensive numerical checks of our analytical predictions within the classical regime of the field theory by using Monte Carlo methods. We discuss how our results are of ready applicability to experiments on tunnel-coupled quasicondensates.
description: 8+14 pages; 4+2 Figures
Thermal analysis and Joule-Thomson expansion of black hole exhibiting metric-affine gravity
Creators: name: Yasir, Muhammad
name: Tiecheng, Xia
name: Javed, Faisal
name: Mustafa, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study examines a recently hypothesized black hole, which is a perfect solution of metric-affine gravity with a positive cosmological constant, and its thermodynamic features as well as the Joule-Thomson expansion. We develop some thermodynamical quantities, such as volume, Gibbs free energy, and heat capacity, using the entropy and Hawking temperature. We also examine the first law of thermodynamics and thermal fluctuations, which might eliminate certain black hole instabilities. In this regard, a phase transition from unstable to stable is conceivable when the first law order corrections are present. Besides that, we study the efficiency of this system as a heat engine and the effect of metric-affine gravity for physical parameters $q_e$, $q_m$, $κ_{\mathrm{s}}$, $κ_{\mathrm{d}}$ and $κ_{\mathrm{sh}}$. Further, we study the Joule-Thomson coefficient, and the inversion temperature and also observed the isenthalpic curves in the $T_i -P_i$ plane. In metric-affine gravity, a comparison is made between the Van der Waals fluid and the black hole to study their similarities and differences.
Effects of non-causal artifacts in a hadronic rescattering model for RHIC collisions
Creators: name: Humanic, T. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been shown that calculations based on a hadronic rescattering model agree reasonably well with experimental results from RHIC Au+Au collisions. Because of the large particle densities intrinsically present at the early time steps of Monte Carlo calculations attempting to model RHIC collisions undesirable artifacts resulting in non-causality may be present. The effects of such artifacts on observables calculated from the rescattering model are studied in the present work in two ways: 1) varying the time step and 2) using the subdivision method. It is shown that although non-causal artifacts are present in the rescattering model they have no appreciable effects on the calculated observables, thus strengthing the confidence in the results of this rescattering model for RHIC energies.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Tip of the Quantum Entropy Cone
Creators: name: Christandl, Matthias
name: Durhuus, Bergfinnur
name: Wolff, Lasse Harboe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relations among von Neumann entropies of different parts of an $N$-partite quantum system have direct impact on our understanding of diverse situations ranging from spin systems to quantum coding theory and black holes. Best formulated in terms of the set $Σ^*_N$ of possible vectors comprising the entropies of the whole and its parts, the famous strong subaddivity inequality constrains its closure $\overlineΣ^*_N$, which is a convex cone. Further homogeneous constrained inequalities are also known.
 In this work we provide (non-homogeneous) inequalities that constrain $Σ_N^*$ near the apex (the vector of zero entropies) of $\overlineΣ^*_N$, in particular showing that $Σ_N^*$ is not a cone for $N\geq 3$. Our inequalities apply to vectors with certain entropy constraints saturated and, in particular, they show that while it is always possible to up-scale an entropy vector to arbitrary integer multiples it is not always possible to down-scale it to arbitrarily small size, thus answering a question posed by A. Winter. Relations of our work to topological materials, entanglement theory, and quantum cryptography are discussed.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Taramea, a treasured Māori perfume of Ngāi Tahu from Aciphylla species of Aotearoa New Zealand: a review of Mātauranga Māori and scientific research
Creators: name: Dobson-Waitere, Aaria
name: MacIntosh, Robin
name: Ellison, Matapura F.
name: Smallfield, Bruce M.
name: van Klink, John W.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Taramea is the prized resinous exudate obtained from native Aciphylla plants (speargrass) identified as a taonga by Ngāi Tahu Māori in their Treaty of Waitangi tribunal claim Settlement. Ngāi Tahu recognised two types of Aciphylla, the larger was known as taramea and used as a fragrance, while the tap root of the smaller type, called papaī, was eaten but not used as kakara (fragrance). The gum of the taramea is called ‘ware’ or ‘wai-whenua’, and was often spoken as ‘ware-o-te-taramea’. Plants were traditionally tapped in the evening by cutting or using fire. In the morning the exuded resin was gathered and processed. To preserve the aroma it was saturated in hinu-weka (woodhen fat) or the fat of other native bird or animal species (tui, kiore) and worn in a pouch (hei-taramea) close to the body. Taramea was used to dress the hair and rub on the body and became a sought after trade item with northern tribes. Scientific studies on taramea plants include those relating to plant morphology, taxonomy, genetics, ecology and phytochemistry. A resurgence of interest in taramea is supporting further scientific studies to define the chemical composition of this taonga plant.
Multi-epoch SMA observations of the L1448C(N) protostellar SiO jet
Creators: name: Yoshida, Tomohiro
name: Hsieh, Tien-Hao
name: Hirano, Naomi
name: Aso, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: L1448C(N) is a young protostar in Perseus, driving an outflow and an extremely high-velocity (EHV) molecular jet. We present multi-epoch observations of SiO $J = 8-7$, CO $J = 3-2$ lines, and 345 GHz dust continuum toward L1448C(N) in 2006, 2010, and 2017 with the Submillimeter Array. The knots traced by the SiO line show the averaged proper motion is $\sim0''.06~{\rm yr^{-1}}$ and $\sim0''.04~{\rm yr^{-1}}$ for the blue- and red-shifted jet, respectively. The corresponding transverse velocities are $\sim78~{\rm km s^{-1}}$ (blueshifted) and $\sim52~{\rm km s^{-1}}$ (redshifted). Together with the radial velocity, we found the inclination angle of the jets from the plane of the sky to be $\sim34$°$ $ for the blueshifted jet and $\sim46$°$ $ for the redfshifted jet. Given the new inclination angles, the mass-loss rate and mechanical power were refined to be $\sim1.8\times 10^{-6}~M_\odot$ and $\sim1.3~L_\odot$, respectively. In the epoch of 2017, a new knot is detected at the base of the redshifted jet. We found that the mass-loss rate of the new knot is three times higher than the averaged mass-loss rate of the redshifted jet. Besides, continuum flux has enhanced by $\sim37\%$ between 2010 and 2017. These imply that the variation of the mass-accretion rate by a factor of $\sim3$ has occurred in a short timescale of $\sim10-20$ yr. In addition, a knot in the downstream of the redshifted jet is found to be dimming over the three epochs.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures
Non-polaritonic effects in cavity-modified photochemistry
Creators: name: Thomas, Philip A.
name: Tan, Wai Jue
name: Kravets, Vasyl G.
name: Grigorenko, Alexander N.
name: Barnes, William L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong coupling of molecules to vacuum fields has been widely reported to lead to modified chemical properties such as reaction rates. However, some recent attempts to reproduce infrared strong coupling results have not been successful, suggesting that factors other than strong coupling may sometimes be involved. Here we re-examine the first of these vacuum-modified chemistry experiments in which changes to a molecular photoisomerisation process in the UV-vis spectral range were attributed to strong coupling of the molecules to visible light. We observed significant variations in photoisomerisation rates consistent with the original work; however, we found no evidence that these changes need to be attributed to strong coupling. Instead, we suggest that the photoisomerisation rates involved are most strongly influenced by the absorption of ultraviolet radiation in the cavity. Our results indicate that care must be taken to rule out non-polaritonic effects before invoking strong coupling to explain any changes of chemical properties arising in cavity-based experiments.
description: 33 pages, 17 figures
Complete stabilization and improvement of the characteristics of tunnel junctions by thermal annealing
Creators: name: Koppinen, P. J.
name: Väistö, L. M.
name: Maasilta, I. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed that submicron sized Al--AlO{$_x$}--Al tunnel junctions can be stabilized completely by annealing them in vacuum at temperatures between $350^{\circ}$C and $450^{\circ}$C. In addition, low temperature characterization of the samples after the annealing treatment showed a marked improvement of the tunneling characteristics due to disappearance of unwanted resonances in the current. Charging energy, tunneling resistance, barrier thickness and height all increase after the treatment. The superconducting gap is not affected, but supercurrent is reduced in accordance with the increase of tunneling resistance.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
title: Zusammen sind wir trotzdem noch allein. „Finding Vivian Maier“ im Kino und die postume Entdeckung einer exzellenten Straßenfotografin
Creators: name: Schuhmann, Annette
Publisher: name: ZZF - Centre for Contemporary History: Visual History
Year: 2014

description: Kairos ist ein Nebendarsteller im olympischen Spektakel griechischer Mythologie. Er ist der „Gott des glücklichen Moments“. Dargestellt mit einer unübersehbaren Stirnlocke, die es zu ergreifen gilt in dem einen, dem richtigen Moment. Diesem jüngsten Sohn des Zeus begegnete der Immobilienmakler und Hobbyhistoriker John Maloof im Jahr 2007. Und er traf die richtige Entscheidung im unwiederbringlich richtigen Moment. Für den Preis von 380 Dollar ersteigerte er in einem Chicagoer Auktionshaus mehrere Kartons voller Negative. Erhofft hatte er sich Bilder über sein Chicagoer Stadtviertel Portage Park für eine Chronik dieses Teils der Stadt, an der er gerade arbeitete. Gefunden hat er Fotografien aus den Jahren 1950 bis weit in die 1990er-Jahre von einer ihm unbekannten Fotografin: Vivian Maier.
Quantum information splitting using multi-partite cluster states
Creators: name: Muralidharan, Sreraman
name: Panigrahi, Prasanta K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide various schemes for the splitting up of Quantum information into parts using the four and five partite cluster states. Explicit protocols for the Quantum information splitting (QIS) of single and two qubit states are illustrated. It is found that the four partite cluster state can be used for the QIS of an entangled state and the five partite cluster state can be used for QIS of an arbitrary two qubit state. The schemes considered here are also secure against certain eavesdropping attacks.
description: 7 Pages
Conservation pest control with new technologies: public perceptions
Creators: name: MacDonald, Edith Anne
name: Neff, Mary Beth
name: Edwards, Eric
name: Medvecky, Fabien
name: Balanovic, Jovana
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: New genetic tools can potentially mitigate the decline of biodiversity. Democratisation of science mandates public opinion be considered while new technologies are in development. We conducted eleven focus groups in New Zealand to explore three questions about novel technologies (gene drive and two others for comparison of pest control tools): (1) what are the risks/benefits? (2) how do they compare to current methods? and (3) who should be represented on a panel that evaluates the tools and what factors should they consider? Findings from the content analysis of the risks/benefits revealed three main considerations that were of social concern – Environmental, Practical, and Ethical. Most participants were self-aware of their insufficient knowledge to compare the different technologies. Unanimously, respondents wanted the available information provided throughout the tool development process and saw multi-sector panel oversight as essential. Scientists and policy makers should match the public’s willingness to engage collaboratively.
Conformal Invariance and Multifractality at Anderson Transitions in Arbitrary Dimensions
Creators: name: Padayasi, Jaychandran
name: Gruzberg, Ilya A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multifractals arise in various systems across nature whose scaling behavior is characterized by a continuous spectrum of multifractal exponents $Δ_q$. In the context of Anderson transitions, the multifractality of critical wave functions is described by operators $O_q$ with scaling dimensions $Δ_q$ in a field-theory description of the transitions. The operators $O_q$ satisfy the so-called Abelian fusion expressed as a simple operator product expansion. Assuming conformal invariance and Abelian fusion, we use the conformal bootstrap framework to derive a constraint that implies that the multifractal spectrum $Δ_q$ (and its generalized form) must be quadratic in its arguments in any dimension $d \geq 2$.
description: Published version
LHCb: Status and Prospects on the $b$ Anomalies
Creators: name: Hicheur, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: {Since the start of the Large Hadron Collider program, direct searches for Beyond Standard Model (BSM) particles have constrained their mass scale to limits which are now above the energy reach of the current collider. As a result, studies of indirect probes of BSM physics have gained a considerable momentum, both experimentally and theoretically. The flavour anomalies in $b$ hadron decays are now recognized as an important laboratory for the indirect detection of BSM physics. This short review presents several key analyses in this area, and some prospects with future data.
description: Submitted as a proceeding of the 19th International Conference on B-Physics at Frontier Machines, BEAUTY 2020, Kashiwa, Japan (online). arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1910.13121
Mapping Electronic Decoherence Pathways in Molecules
Creators: name: Gustin, Ignacio
name: Kim, Chang Woo
name: McCamant, David W.
name: Franco, Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Establishing the fundamental chemical principles that govern molecular electronic quantum decoherence has remained an outstanding challenge. Fundamental questions such as how solvent and intramolecular vibrations or chemical functionalization contribute to the decoherence remain unanswered and are beyond the reach of state-of-the-art theoretical and experimental approaches. Here we address this challenge by developing a strategy to isolate electronic decoherence pathways for molecular chromophores immersed in condensed phase environments that enables elucidating how electronic quantum coherence is lost. For this, we first identify resonance Raman spectroscopy as a general experimental method to reconstruct molecular spectral densities with full chemical complexity at room temperature, in solvent, and for fluorescent and non-fluorescent molecules. We then show how to quantitatively capture the decoherence dynamics from the spectral density and identify decoherence pathways by decomposing the overall coherence loss into contributions due to individual molecular vibrations and solvent modes. We illustrate the utility of the strategy by analyzing the electronic decoherence pathways of the DNA base thymine in water. Its electronic coherences decay in ~ 30 fs. The early-time decoherence is determined by intramolecular vibrations while the overall decay by solvent. Chemical substitution of thymine modulates the decoherence with hydrogen-bond interactions of the thymine ring with water leading to the fastest decoherence. Increasing temperature leads to faster decoherence as it enhances the importance of solvent contributions but leaves the early-time decoherence dynamics intact. The developed strategy opens key opportunities to establish the connection between molecular structure and quantum decoherence as needed to develop chemical strategies to rationally modulate it.
description: Main text 8 pages, 6 figures (Figures 5 and 6 have been changed) SI 9 pages, 5 figures, 6 tables
On the maximum number of cliques in a graph
Creators: name: Wood, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C35, 05C83

description: A \emph{clique} is a set of pairwise adjacent vertices in a graph. We determine the maximum number of cliques in a graph for the following graph classes: (1) graphs with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges; (2) graphs with $n$ vertices, $m$ edges, and maximum degree $Δ$; (3) $d$-degenerate graphs with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges; (4) planar graphs with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges; and (5) graphs with $n$ vertices and no $K_5$-minor or no $K_{3,3}$-minor. For example, the maximum number of cliques in a planar graph with $n$ vertices is $8(n-2)$.
description: To appear in "Graphs and Combinatorics"
Computation of Infinitesimals for a Group Action on a Multispace of One Independent Variable
Creators: name: Rock, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper expands upon the work of Peter Olver's paper [Appl. Algebra Engrg. Comm. Comput. 11 (2001), 417-436], wherein Olver uses a moving frames approach to examine the action of a group on a curve within a generalization of jet space known as multispace. Here we seek to further study group actions on the multispace of curves by computing the infinitesimals for a given action. For the most part, we proceed formally, and produce in the multispace a recursion relation that closely mimics the previously known prolongation recursion relations for infinitesimals of a group action on jet space.
Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Ratzeburg 1833
Creators: name: Koerber, Stefan
name: Litz, Thomas O.
name: Serra, Wilson S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Acipenseriformes
Acipenseridae
Acipenser
Acipenser gueldenstaedtii

description: A. gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833
first record from Uruguay info
published in Serra et al. (2014)
remarks introduced exotic species!
origin Europe and Middle East: Black Sea, Sea of Azov, and Caspian Sea watersheds
description: Published as part of Koerber, Stefan, Litz, Thomas O. & Serra, Wilson S., 2023, CLOFFUY - update 5 - supplement to Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Uruguay., pp. 1-13 in Ichthyological Contributions of PecesCriollos 83 on page 2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11558471
Characidium zebra Eigenmann 1909
Creators: name: Koerber, Stefan
name: Litz, Thomas O.
name: Serra, Wilson S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Characiformes
Crenuchidae
Characidium
Characidium zebra

description: C. zebra Eigenmann, 1909
first record from Uruguay info
published in Serra et al. (2014)
sub Characidium aff. zebra
remarks This is the species which in the past erroneously was addressed as C. fasciatum.
description: Published as part of Koerber, Stefan, Litz, Thomas O. & Serra, Wilson S., 2023, CLOFFUY - update 5 - supplement to Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Uruguay., pp. 1-13 in Ichthyological Contributions of PecesCriollos 83 on page 2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11558471
What Makes a Popular Academic AI Repository?
Creators: name: Fan, Yuanrui
name: Xia, Xin
name: Lo, David
name: Hassan, Ahmed E.
name: Li, Shanping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many AI researchers are publishing code, data and other resources that accompany their papers in GitHub repositories. In this paper, we refer to these repositories as academic AI repositories. Our preliminary study shows that highly cited papers are more likely to have popular academic AI repositories (and vice versa). Hence, in this study, we perform an empirical study on academic AI repositories to highlight good software engineering practices of popular academic AI repositories for AI researchers. We collect 1,149 academic AI repositories, in which we label the top 20% repositories that have the most number of stars as popular, and we label the bottom 70% repositories as unpopular. The remaining 10% repositories are set as a gap between popular and unpopular academic AI repositories. We propose 21 features to characterize the software engineering practices of academic AI repositories. Our experimental results show that popular and unpopular academic AI repositories are statistically significantly different in 11 of the studied features---indicating that the two groups of repositories have significantly different software engineering practices. Furthermore, we find that the number of links to other GitHub repositories in the README file, the number of images in the README file and the inclusion of a license are the most important features for differentiating the two groups of academic AI repositories. Our dataset and code are made publicly available to share with the community.
A low latency ASR-free end to end spoken language understanding system
Creators: name: Mhiri, Mohamed
name: Myer, Samuel
name: Tomar, Vikrant Singh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, developing a speech understanding system that classifies a waveform to structured data, such as intents and slots, without first transcribing the speech to text has emerged as an interesting research problem. This work proposes such as system with an additional constraint of designing a system that has a small enough footprint to run on small micro-controllers and embedded systems with minimal latency. Given a streaming input speech signal, the proposed system can process it segment-by-segment without the need to have the entire stream at the moment of processing. The proposed system is evaluated on the publicly available Fluent Speech Commands dataset. Experiments show that the proposed system yields state-of-the-art performance with the advantage of low latency and a much smaller model when compared to other published works on the same task.
Hoplias argentinensis Rosso 2018
Creators: name: Koerber, Stefan
name: Litz, Thomas O.
name: Serra, Wilson S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Characiformes
Erythrinidae
Hoplias
Hoplias argentinensis

description: H. argentinensis Rosso et al., 2018
first record from Uruguay info
published in Paullier et al. (2019)
description: Published as part of Koerber, Stefan, Litz, Thomas O. & Serra, Wilson S., 2023, CLOFFUY - update 5 - supplement to Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Uruguay., pp. 1-13 in Ichthyological Contributions of PecesCriollos 83 on page 2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11558471
Construction and Expected Performance of the Hadron Blind Detector for the PHENIX Experiment at RHIC
Creators: name: Milov, A
name: Anderson, W
name: Azmoun, B
name: Chi, C-Y
name: Drees, A
name: Dubey, A
name: Durham, M
name: Fraenkel, Z
name: Harder, J
name: Hemmick, T
name: Hutter, R
name: Jacak, B
name: Kamin, J
name: Kozlov, A
name: Naglis, M
name: O'Connor, P
name: Pisani, R
name: Radeka, V
name: Ravinovich, I
name: Sakaguchi, T
name: Sharma, D
name: Sickles, A
name: Stoll, S
name: Tserruya, I
name: Yu, B
name: Woody, C
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new Hadron Blind Detector (HBD) for electron identification in high density hadron environment has been installed in the PHENIX detector at RHIC in the fall of 2006. The HBD will identify low momentum electron-positron pairs to reduce the combinatorial background in the $e^{+}e^{-}$ mass spectrum, mainly in the low-mass region below 1 GeV/c$^{2}$. The HBD is a windowless proximity-focusing Cherenkov detector with a radiator length of 50 cm, a CsI photocathode and three layers of Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM). The HBD uses pure CF$_{4}$ as a radiator and a detector gas. Construction details and the expected performance of the detector are described.
description: QM2006 proceedings, 4 pages 3 figures
The efficiency of grain growth in the diffuse interstellar medium
Creators: name: Priestley, F. D.
name: De Looze, I.
name: Barlow, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Grain growth by accretion of gas-phase metals is a common assumption in models of dust evolution, but in dense gas, where the timescale is short enough for accretion to be effective, material is accreted in the form of ice mantles rather than adding to the refractory grain mass. It has been suggested that negatively-charged small grains in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) can accrete efficiently due to the Coulomb attraction of positively-charged ions, avoiding this issue. We show that this inevitably results in the growth of the small-grain radii until they become positively charged, at which point further growth is effectively halted. The resulting gas-phase depletions under diffuse ISM conditions are significantly overestimated when a constant grain size distribution is assumed. While observed depletions can be reproduced by changing the initial size distribution or assuming highly efficient grain shattering, both options result in unrealistic levels of far-ultraviolet extinction. We suggest that the observed elemental depletions in the diffuse ISM are better explained by higher initial depletions, combined with inefficient dust destruction by supernovae at moderate ($n_{\rm H} \sim 30 {\rm \, cm^{-3}}$) densities, rather than by higher accretion efficiences.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures. MNRAS accepted 11/01/21
Ultrafast all-optical manipulation of the charge-density-wave in VTe$_{2}$
Creators: name: Tuniz, Manuel
name: Soranzio, Davide
name: Bidoggia, Davide
name: Puntel, Denny
name: Bronsch, Wibke
name: Johnson, Steven L.
name: Peressi, Maria
name: Parmigiani, Fulvio
name: Cilento, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The charge-density wave (CDW) phase in the layered transition-metal dichalcogenide VTe$_{2}$ is strongly coupled to the band inversion involving vanadium and tellurium orbitals. In particular, this coupling leads to a selective disappearance of the Dirac-type states that characterize the normal phase, when the CDW phase sets in. Here, by means of broadband time-resolved optical spectroscopy (TR-OS), we investigate the ultrafast reflectivity changes caused by collective and single particle excitations in the CDW ground state of VTe$_{2}$. Remarkably, our measurements show the presence of two collective (amplitude) modes of the CDW ground state. By applying a double-pulse excitation scheme, we show the possibility to manipulate these modes, demonstrating a more efficient way to control and perturb the CDW phase in VTe$_{2}$.
Prescribing patterns in growing tubular soft matter by initial residual stress
Creators: name: Du, Yangkun
name: Lü, Chaofeng
name: Liu, Congshan
name: Han, Zilong
name: Li, Jian
name: Chen, Weiqi
name: Qua, Shaoxing
name: Destrade, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Initial residual stress is omnipresent in biological tissues and soft matter, and can affect growth-induced pattern selection significantly. Here we demonstrate this effect experimentally by letting soft tubes grow in the presence or absence of initial residual stress and by observing different growth pattern evolutions. These experiments motivate us to model the mechanisms at play when a growing bilayer tubular organ spontaneously displays buckling patterns on its inner surface. We demonstrate that not only differential growth, geometry and elasticity, but also initial residual stress distribution, exert a notable influence on these pattern phenomena. Prescribing an initial residual stress distribution offers an alternative or a more effective way to implement pattern selection for growable bio-tissues or soft matter. The results also show promise for the design of 4D bio-mimic printing protocols or for controlling hydrogel actuators.
The Spleen is a Site of Residual Disease Following ABT-199 Treatment in Early T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
Creators: name: Di Grande, Alessandra
Publisher: name: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 29903 Medical Physics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 111204 Cancer Therapy (excl. Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive haematological malignancy arising in T cell progenitors. Early T-cell precursors leukaemia (ETPALL) is a particularly aggressive subgroup and associated with a high-risk of relapse. Over the last decade, intensified treatment strategies significantly improved the survival rate for T-ALL. However, 20% of paediatric and 50% of T-ALL adult patients are refractory to the treatment or relapsed (R/R). R/R patients have still limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Therefore, there is a need to develop more effective therapeutic strategies. Splenomegaly is often observed in T-ALL patients and was previously associated with poor prognosis However, the role of the splenic tumour microenvironment in response to specific treatments has not been extensively studied. ETP-ALL is dependent on the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 for survival and therefore ABT-199 (selective BCL-2 BH3 mimetics) could be a potential therapeutic option.In this study, cell line-based xenograft and PDX models of ETP-ALL were used to identify sites of minimal residual disease following ABT-199 treatment in vivo. We revealed the spleen is a site of residual disease for the more immature ETP-ALL subtype following ABT-199 treatment. Residual blasts isolated from the spleen had reduced dependence on BCL-2 along with reduced BCL-2 expression. The generation of ABT-199 resistance in LOUCY cells in vitro phenocopies the reduced BCL-2 dependence with a switching from BCL-2 to BCL-XL dependence. Human splenic fibroblasts (HS-F) co-cultured with the LOUCY cells induced the same alterations with a reduction in BCL-2 dependency and a reduced expression of BCL-2. Using an in vitro screening approach, we discovered an increased expression of IL-6 in the HS-F co-culture along with upregulation of the correspondent IL-6 receptor (IL-6 Ra). Blocking IL-6 Ra is able to reverse the change in BCL-2 dependence in vitro, suggesting that IL-6 signalling may be responsible, in part, for the phenotype observed upon co-culture with the HS-F. Of great interest, IL-6 Ra is highly expressed in immature T-ALL patient samples. Lastly, using a primary ETPALL patient-derived xenograft model on relapse, we further observed evidence of residual blasts in the spleen following ABT-199 treatment along with higher IL-6 levels. Collectively, this data reveals an important and previously undescribed function for the spleen, as a potential site of disease relapse following ABT-199 treatment and provides a rational to combine BCL-2 inhibitors with agents that can block IL-6 receptor signalling in the future.