Exema Lacordaire 1848
Creators: name: Chamorro-Lacayo, Maria
name: Konstantinov, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Chrysomelidae
Exema

description: <i>Exema</i> Lacordaire (Figs. 1 F; 2 E; 3 E; 4 E; 5 E) <i>Exema</i> Lacordaire, 1848: 844; Type species: <i>Chlamys intricata</i> Kollar, 1824, by subsequent designation of Jacoby, 1908: 278; Karren, 1966: 1 (revision of North American species north of Mexico). <b>Diagnosis.</b> Length 2.18-3.45 mm, width 1.36-2.72 mm. General body shape cylindrical, widest near shoulders. Antenna serrate beyond 5 th antennomere, 3 rd, 4 th, and 5 th antennomeres slightly widened, but not dilated distally. Pronotum medially elevated, with various bumps and short ridges. Pronotal base opposite mesoscutellum (posterior pronotal lobe) concave, usually without well differentiated notch. Prosternum gradually narrowing posteriorly, at about middle abruptly narrowing to thin parallel sided ridge. Anterior margin of metasternum concave. Mesoscutellum short, transverse. Metascutellum not exposed. Elytral suture serration complete. Elytral tubercules well developed. Males with spines or spinulae on first ventral abdominal segment. Tibiae slightly curved, flattened, with sharp dorsal edge. Fore- and midtibial apices with spine in males, but lacking them in females. Tarsal claw from simple to appendiculate. Ejaculatory guide (part of internal sac of aedeagus) short, tubular, sclerotized. <b>Distribution.</b> Nearctic, Neotropical, and Oriental Regions (Monrós, 1952; Karren, 1966). <b>Remarks.</b> This genus may be distinguished from <i>Chlamisus</i> by the following characters: males with spines or spinulae on first ventral abdominal segment; 5 th antennomere much smaller than 6 th; sutural serration of elytra complete (in <i>Chlamisus</i> males without spines or spinulae on first ventrite and 5 th antennomere nearly as large as 6 th; sutural serration of elytra usually incomplete); ejaculatory guide short, single, tubular, and sclerotized (elongate and paired in <i>Chlamisus</i>). Lacordaire (1848) established <i>Exema</i> for species of <i>Chlamisus</i> that have a very abrupt antennal “club”, the first serrated antennomere (6 th) is much wider than 5 th. <i>Exema</i> was designated a junior synonym of <i>Chlamisus</i> by Gressitt and Kimoto (1961) based on their study of Oriental species; however, <i>Exema</i> continues to be treat- ed as valid (Karren 1966, 1972; Riley et al. 2003; Seeno and Wilcox 1982). A total of 26 species are included in <i>Exema</i>; 9 Nearctic, 7 Oriental, and 10 Neotropical (Monrós 1952; Karren 1966). <b>Material examined.</b> <i>Exema canadensis</i> Pierce: 1) a. [USA] Lakehead Md, 21.VII.06/ b. Ex. Coll. Knab/ c. <i>Exema canadensis</i> Pierce det. Karren 1966. <i>Exema elliptica</i> Karren: 1) a. [USA] Houston, Tex. 25. V.49, T. L. Ward, <i>Baccaharis halinifolia</i> / b. Para- type <i>Exema elliptica</i> Karren. <i>Exema variopicta</i> Monrós: 1) a. [Argentina] R.A. Salta, San Bernardo, 30.I.950, Willink &amp; Monrós/ b. 1181/ c. F. Monrós Collection, 1959/ d. <i>Exema variopicta</i> Monrós F. Monrós det. 1954.
description: Published as part of <i>Chamorro-Lacayo, Maria &amp; Konstantinov, Alexander, 2009, Synopsis of warty leaf beetle genera of the world (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae, Chlamisini), pp. 63-88 in ZooKeys 8 (8)</i> on pages 74-76, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.8.90, http://zenodo.org/record/576444
description: {"references": ["Lacordaire MT (1848) Monographie des Coleopteres subpentameres de la famille des Phytophages. Tome second. Bruxelles et Leipzig, 890 pp.", "Jacoby M (1908) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera. Chrysomelidae. Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, London, 534 pp.", "Karren JB (1966) A revision of the genus Exema of America, north of Mexico (Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 46: 647 - 695.", "Monros F (1952) Revision de las especies argentinas de Chlamisinae (Col., Chrysomelidae) (5 a contribucion al conocimiento de Chlamisinae). Acta Zoologica Lilloana 10: 489 - 672.", "Gressitt JL, Kimoto S (1961) The Chrysomelidae (Coleopt.) of China and Korea. Part 1. Pacific Insects Monographs 1 A: 1 - 299.", "Karren JB (1972) A revision of the subfamily Chlamisinae of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 49: 875 - 988.", "Riley EG, Clark SM, Seeno TN (2003) Catalog of the leaf beetles of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication No 1, Sacramento, 290 pp.", "Seeno TN, Wilcox JA (1982) Leaf Beetle Genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Entomography 1: 1 - 222."]}