cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantum Differential and Linear Cryptanalysis
Creators: name: Kaplan, Marc
name: Leurent, Gaëtan
name: Leverrier, Anthony
name: Naya-Plasencia, María
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum computers, that may become available one day, would impact many scientific fields, most notably cryptography since many asymmetric primitives are insecure against an adversary with quantum capabilities. Cryptographers are already anticipating this threat by proposing and studying a number of potentially quantum-safe alternatives for those primitives. On the other hand, symmetric primitives seem less vulnerable against quantum computing: the main known applicable result is Grover's algorithm that gives a quadratic speed-up for exhaustive search. In this work, we examine more closely the security of symmetric ciphers against quantum attacks. Since our trust in symmetric ciphers relies mostly on their ability to resist cryptanalysis techniques, we investigate quantum cryptanalysis techniques. More specifically, we consider quantum versions of differential and linear cryptanalysis. We show that it is usually possible to use quantum computations to obtain a quadratic speed-up for these attack techniques, but the situation must be nuanced: we don't get a quadratic speed-up for all variants of the attacks. This allows us to demonstrate the following non-intuitive result: the best attack in the classical world does not necessarily lead to the best quantum one. We give some examples of application on ciphers LAC and KLEIN. We also discuss the important difference between an adversary that can only perform quantum computations, and an adversary that can also make quantum queries to a keyed primitive.
description: 25 pages
Direct Observation of High-Spin States in Manganese Dimer and Trimer Cations by X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy in an Ion Trap
Creators: name: Zamudio-Bayer, Vicente
name: Hirsch, Konstantin
name: Langenberg, Andreas
name: Kossick, Martin
name: Ławicki, Arkadiusz
name: Terasaki, Akira
name: von Issendorff, Bernd
name: Lau, J. Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic structure and magnetic moments of free Mn$_2^+$ and Mn$_3^+$ are characterized by $2p$ x-ray absorption and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy in a cryogenic ion trap that is coupled to a synchrotron radiation beamline. Our results show directly that localized magnetic moments of 5 $μ_B$ are created by $3d^5 (^6\mathrm{S})$ states at each ionic core, which are coupled in parallel to form molecular high-spin states via indirect exchange that is mediated in both cases by a delocalized valence electron in a singly-occupied $4s$ derived orbital with an unpaired spin. This leads to total magnetic moments of 11 $μ_B$ for Mn$_2^+$ and 16 $μ_B$ for Mn$_3^+$, with no contribution of orbital angular momentum.
If $(A+A)/(A+A)$ is small then the ratio set is large
Creators: name: Roche-Newton, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B30, 11B75, 52C10

description: In this paper, we consider the sum-product problem of obtaining lower bounds for the size of the set $$\frac{A+A}{A+A}:=\left \{ \frac{a+b}{c+d} : a,b,c,d \in A, c+d \neq 0 \right\},$$ for an arbitrary finite set $A$ of real numbers. The main result is the bound $$\left| \frac{A+A}{A+A} \right| \gg \frac{|A|^{2+\frac{2}{25}}}{|A:A|^{\frac{1}{25}}\log |A|},$$ where $A:A$ denotes the ratio set of $A$. This improves on a result of Balog and the author (arXiv:1402.5775), provided that the size of the ratio set is subquadratic in $|A|$. That is, we establish that the inequality $$\left| \frac{A+A}{A+A} \right| \ll |A|^{2} \Rightarrow |A:A| \gg \frac{ |A|^2}{\log^{25}|A|} . $$ This extremal result answers a question similar to some conjectures in a recent paper of the author and Zhelezov (arXiv:1410.1156).
description: In this version, Lemma 3.2 has been improved, and the new version of Lemma 3.2 is tight up to multiplicative constants. This results in a small improvement to the main result of the paper. To appear in JLMS. With thanks to Noga Alon, for providing the proof of the new and improved Lemma 3.2 via a private communication
Learning Tree Structures from Leaves For Particle Decay Reconstruction
Creators: name: Kahn, James
name: Tsaklidis, Ilias
name: Taubert, Oskar
name: Reuter, Lea
name: Dujany, Giulio
name: Boeckh, Tobias
name: Thaller, Arthur
name: Goldenzweig, Pablo
name: Bernlochner, Florian
name: Streit, Achim
name: Götz, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we present a neural approach to reconstructing rooted tree graphs describing hierarchical interactions, using a novel representation we term the Lowest Common Ancestor Generations (LCAG) matrix. This compact formulation is equivalent to the adjacency matrix, but enables learning a tree's structure from its leaves alone without the prior assumptions required if using the adjacency matrix directly. Employing the LCAG therefore enables the first end-to-end trainable solution which learns the hierarchical structure of varying tree sizes directly, using only the terminal tree leaves to do so. In the case of high-energy particle physics, a particle decay forms a hierarchical tree structure of which only the final products can be observed experimentally, and the large combinatorial space of possible trees makes an analytic solution intractable. We demonstrate the use of the LCAG as a target in the task of predicting simulated particle physics decay structures using both a Transformer encoder and a Neural Relational Inference encoder Graph Neural Network. With this approach, we are able to correctly predict the LCAG purely from leaf features for a maximum tree-depth of $8$ in $92.5\%$ of cases for trees up to $6$ leaves (including) and $59.7\%$ for trees up to $10$ in our simulated dataset.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, accepted in Machine Learning: Science and Technology
Augmenting the anisotropic network model with torsional potentials improves PATH performance, enabling detailed comparison with experimental rate data
Creators: name: Carter, Charles W.
name: Chandrasekaran, Srinivas Niranj
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: PATH algorithms for identifying conformational transition states provide computational parameters—time to the transition state, conformational free energy differences, and transition state activation energies—for comparison to experimental data and can be carried out sufficiently rapidly to use in the “high throughput” mode. These advantages are especially useful for interpreting results from combinatorial mutagenesis experiments. This report updates the previously published algorithm with enhancements that improve correlations between PATH convergence parameters derived from virtual variant structures generated by RosettaBackrub and previously published kinetic data for a complete, four-way combinatorial mutagenesis of a conformational switch in Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase.
A Distributionally Robust Resilience Enhancement Strategy for Distribution Networks Considering Decision-Dependent Contingencies
Creators: name: Li, Yujia
name: Lei, Shunbo
name: Sun, Wei
name: Hu, Chenxi
name: Hou, Yunhe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: When performing the resilience enhancement for distribution networks, there are two obstacles to reliably model the uncertain contingencies: 1) decision-dependent uncertainty (DDU) due to various line hardening decisions, and 2) distributional ambiguity due to limited outage information during extreme weather events (EWEs). To address these two challenges, this paper develops scenario-wise decision-dependent ambiguity sets (SWDD-ASs), where the DDU and distributional ambiguity inherent in EWE-induced contingencies are simultaneously captured for each possible EWE scenario. Then, a two-stage trilevel decision-dependent distributionally robust resilient enhancement (DD-DRRE) model is formulated, whose outputs include the optimal line hardening, distributed generation (DG) allocation, and proactive network reconfiguration strategy under the worst-case distributions in SWDD-ASs. Subsequently, the DD-DRRE model is equivalently recast to a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP)-based master problem and multiple scenario-wise subproblems, facilitating the adoption of a customized column-and-constraint generation (C&CG) algorithm. Finally, case studies demonstrate a remarkable improvement in the out-of-sample performance of our model, compared to its prevailing stochastic and robust counterparts. Moreover, the potential values of incorporating the ambiguity and distributional information are quantitatively estimated, providing a useful reference for planners with different budgets and risk-aversion levels.
Jacobian of solutions to the conductivity equation in limited view
Creators: name: Salo, Mikko
name: Schlüter, Hjørdis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The aim of hybrid inverse problems such as Acousto-Electric Tomography or Current Density Imaging is the reconstruction of the electrical conductivity in a domain that can only be accessed from its exterior. In the inversion procedure, the solutions to the conductivity equation play a central role. In particular, it is important that the Jacobian of the solutions is non-vanishing. In the present paper we address a two-dimensional limited view setting, where only a part of the boundary of the domain can be controlled by a non-zero Dirichlet condition, while on the remaining boundary there is a zero Dirichlet condition. For this setting, we propose sufficient conditions on the boundary functions so that the Jacobian of the corresponding solutions is non-vanishing. In that regard we allow for discontinuous boundary functions, which requires the use of solutions in weighted Sobolev spaces. We implement the procedure of reconstructing a conductivity from power density data numerically and investigate how this limited view setting affects the Jacobian and the quality of the reconstructions.
Application Distribution Model In Volunteer Computing Environment Using Peer-to-Peer Torrent Like Approach
Creators: name: Soelistio, Yustinus Eko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Volunteer computing has been known as an alternative solution to solve complex problems. It is acknowledged for its simplicity and its ability to work on multiple operating systems. Nonetheless, setting up a server for volunteer computing can be time consuming and relatively complex to be implemented. This paper offer a model which can ease the effort of setting up a server by making the agent works two ways, as seeder and leecher, like P2P torrent approaches. The model consists of measurement units to manage applications to be distributed, system hierarchy, and basic procedures for the server and the agent. The model has been tested in four scenarios using 2,000,000 to 3,000,000 integer data employing up to six nodes. The tests demonstrate speedup in three of the scenarios.
description: 6 pages, Published in proceeding of 2013 International Conference on Computer, Control, Informatics and Its Applications (IC3INA)
IR radiometer sensitivity and accuracy improvement by eliminating spurious radiation for emissivity measurements on highly specular samples in the 2 to 25 μm spectral range
Creators: name: Echániz, Telmo
name: Pérez-Sáez, Raúl Benjamín
name: Tello, Manuel José
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper indicates that the sensitivity and accuracy of an infrared radiometer for emissivity measurements depends not only on its design and the measurement method, but also on the spurious radiation. This spurious radiation must be taken into account in the calibration processes since it can be of the same order of magnitude as that of the sample in highly reflective surfaces. Its presence may also be the cause of the inability to detect small surface emissivity changes induced by any surface or bulk properties (anomalous skin effect, phase transitions, etc.). In this paper, the analysis of the spurious radiation is performed for a T form radiometer and a measurement method where the surroundings are considered to emit as if they were black bodies. However, the results and conclusions that are obtained can be extended without difficulty to any type of radiometer and to all measurement methods. Our research shows that if the sample is placed normal to the emitted radiation optical path, two different spurious radiation sources are detected. However, for low emitting and highly specular materials, they can be eliminated by tilting the sample between 6 and 20° without modifying the spectral emissivity.
Mid-infrared optical properties of pyrolytic boron nitride in the 390 to 1050 $^{\circ}$C temperature range using spectral emissivity measurements
Creators: name: de Arrieta, Iñigo González
name: Echániz, Telmo
name: Fuente, Raquel
name: del Campo, Leire
name: Meneses, Domingos De Sousa
name: López, Gabriel Alejandro
name: Tello, Manuel José
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper shows a systematic experimental and theoretical study on the temperature dependence of the infrared optical properties of pyrolytic boron nitride (pBN), from 390 to 1050 $^{\circ}$CC for wavelengths between 4 and 16 μm. The temperature dependence of these properties has never been analyzed before. The measured emissivity spectra were fitted to a dielectric function model and an effective medium approximation. The phonon frequencies and dielectric constants agreed well with room temperature experimental values from the literature, as well as with ab initio and first principles calculations. In addition, the phonon frequencies of the perpendicular mode and the dielectric constants of the parallel mode showed an appreciable parabolic temperature dependence, which justifies the interest of more theoretical efforts in order to explain this behavior. Finally, the results of this work demonstrate that thermal emission spectroscopy allows obtaining the values of the optical and dielectric parameters of impure ceramic materials in a simple manner as a function of temperature.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Approximation of the high-frequency Helmholtz kernel by nested directional interpolation
Creators: name: Börm, Steffen
name: Melenk, Jens Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J05, 65D05, 65N38

description: We present and analyze an approximation scheme for a class of highly oscillatory kernel functions, taking the 2D and 3D Helmholtz kernels as examples. The scheme is based on polynomial interpolation combined with suitable pre- and postmultiplication by plane waves. It is shown to converge exponentially in the polynomial degree and supports multilevel approximation techniques. Our convergence analysis may be employed to establish exponential convergence of certain classes of fast methods for discretizations of the Helmholtz integral operator that feature polylogarithmic-linear complexity.
A blood-based prognostic biomarker in inflammatory bowel disease
Creators: name: Lee, James
name: Biasci, Daniele
name: Noor, Nuru
name: Pombal, Diana
name: Hou, Monica
name: Lewis, Nina
name: Ahamd, Tariq
name: Hart, Ailsa
name: McKinney, Eoin
name: Lyons, Paul
name: Smith, Kenneth
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019

description: Objective We have previously described a prognostic transcriptional signature in CD8 T-cells that separates inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients into 2 phenotypically-distinct subgroups, termed IBD1 and IBD2. Here we sought to develop a blood-based test that could identify these subgroups without cell separation, and thus be suitable for clinical use in Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Design Patients with active IBD were recruited before treatment. Transcriptomic analyses were performed on purified CD8 T-cells and/or whole blood. Phenotype data was collected prospectively. IBD1/IBD2 patient subgroups were identified by consensus clustering of CD8 T-cell transcriptomes. In a training cohort, machine learning was used to identify groups of genes (“classifiers”) whose differential expression in whole blood re-created the IBD1/IBD2 subgroups. Genes from the best classifiers were qPCR-optimised, and further machine learning was used to identify the optimal qPCR classifier, which was locked-down for further testing. Independent validation was sought in separate cohorts of CD (n=66) and UC patients (n=57). Results In both validation cohorts, a 17-gene qPCR-based classifier stratified patients into two distinct subgroups. Irrespective of the underlying diagnosis, IBDhi patients (analogous to the poor-prognosis IBD1 subgroup) experienced significantly more aggressive disease than IBDlo patients (analogous to IBD2), with earlier need for treatment escalation (hazard ratio=2.65 [CD], 3.12 [UC]) and more escalations over time (for multiple escalations within 18 months: sensitivity=72.7% [CD], 100% [UC]; NPV=90.9% [CD], 100% [UC]). Conclusion This is the first validated prognostic biomarker that can predict prognosis in newly-diagnosed IBD patients, and represents a step towards personalised therapy.
Indicators of inequity: Exploring the complexities of operationalizing area-level structural racism
Creators: name: Martin, Chantel L.
name: Hargrove, Taylor W.
name: Robinson, Whitney R.
name: Atere-Roberts, Joëlle
name: Aiello, Allison E.
name: Delamater, Paul L.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: Structural racism has been deemed a fundamental cause of health
inequities in the US. According to Bailey et al., structural racism is
defined as “the totality of ways in which societies foster racial
discrimination through mutually reinforcing systems of housing, education,
employment, earnings, benefits, credit, media, health care, and
criminal justice. These patterns and practices reinforce discriminatory
beliefs, values, and distribution of resources” (Bailey et al., 2017).
Structural racism in the US is built on interlocking systems across these
domains (e.g., economic, judicial, political, educational etc.) that
continuously perpetuate the dominant racial/ethnic groups’ power,
privilege, and control of resources. Consequently, racially and ethnically
minoritized groups are excluded from resources that routinely advantages
White people to secure or maintain power via historically rooted
and culturally reinforced institutions, policies, and practices (Bailey
et al., 2017; Krieger, 2012; Lukachko, Hatzenbuehler, & Keyes, 2014).
This unequal distribution of resources manifests as racial and ethnic
inequities in numerous health outcomes, with a disproportionate burden
on racially and ethnically minorized groups. A nascent body of literature
has sought to build evidence on the role of structural racism as a
fundamental cause of racial health inequities. Accordingly, studying the
effects of structural racism on health and health inequities requires
consideration of how the construct is measured and operationalized.
Combining multi-mutant and modular thermodynamic cycles to measure energetic coupling networks in enzyme catalysis
Creators: name: Williams, Tishan
name: Carter, Charles W.
name: Li, Li
name: Chandrasekaran, Srinivas Niranj
name: Weinreb, Violetta
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: We measured and cross-validated the energetics of networks in Bacillus stearothermophilus Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS) using both multi-mutant and modular thermodynamic cycles. Multi-dimensional combinatorial mutagenesis showed that four side chains from this “molecular switch” move coordinately with the active-site Mg2+ ion as the active site preorganizes to stabilize the transition state for amino acid activation. A modular thermodynamic cycle consisting of full-length TrpRS, its Urzyme, and the Urzyme plus each of the two domains deleted in the Urzyme gives similar energetics. These dynamic linkages, although unlikely to stabilize the transition-state directly, consign the active-site preorganization to domain motion, assuring coupled vectorial behavior.
Floquet Fractional Chern Insulators and Competing Phases in Twisted Bilayer Graphene
Creators: name: Hu, Peng-Sheng
name: Zhou, Yi-Han
name: Liu, Zhao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the many-body physics in twisted bilayer graphene coupled to periodic driving of a circularly polarized light when electron-electron interactions are taken into account. In the limit of high driving frequency $Ω$, we use Floquet theory to formulate the system by an effective static Hamiltonian truncated to the order of $Ω^{-2}$, which consists of a single-electron part and the screened Coulomb interaction. We numerically simulate this effective Hamiltonian by extensive exact diagonalization in the parameter space spanned by the twist angle and the driving strength. Remarkably, in a wide region of the parameter space, we identify Floquet fractional Chern insulator states in the partially filled Floquet valence bands. We characterize these topologically ordered states by ground-state degeneracy, spectral flow, and entanglement spectrum. In regions of the parameter space where fractional Chern insulator states are absent, we find topologically trivial charge density waves and band-dispersion-induced Fermi liquids which strongly compete with fractional Chern insulator states.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures
Investigating the relationship between radiographic joint space width loss and deep learning-derived magnetic resonance imaging-based cartilage thickness loss in the medial weight-bearing region of the tibiofemoral joint
Creators: name: Marron, J.S.
name: Minnig, Mary Catherine C.
name: Nissman, Daniel
name: Lund, Jennifer L.
name: Niethammer, Marc
name: Nelson, Amanda E.
name: Arbeeva, Liubov
name: Golightly, Yvonne M.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: Objective To investigate the relationship between measures of radiographic joint space width (JSW) loss and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based cartilage thickness loss in the medial weight-bearing region of the tibiofemoral joint over 12–24 months. To stratify this relationship by clinically meaningful subgroups (sex and pain status). Design We analyzed a subset of knees (n ​= ​256) from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) likely in early stage OA based on joint space narrowing (JSN) measurements. Natural logarithm transformation was used to approximate near normal distributions for JSW loss. Pearson Correlation coefficients described the relationship between ln-transformed JSW loss and several versions of deep learning-derived MRI-based cartilage thickness loss parameters (minimum, maximum, and mean) in subregions of the femoral condyle, tibial plateau, and combined femoral and tibial regions. Linear mixed-effects models evaluated the associations between the ln-transformed radiographic and MRI-derived measures including potential confounders. Results We found weak correlations between ln-transformed JSW loss and MRI-based cartilage thickness ranging from R ​= ​−0.13 (p ​= ​0.20) to R ​= ​0.26 (p ​< ​0.01). Correlations were higher (still poor) among females compared to males and painful compared to non-painful knees. Model results showed weak associations for nearly all MRI-based measures, ranging from no association to β (95% CI) ​= ​0.25 (0.11, 0.39). Associations were higher among females compared to males and minimal differences between painful and non-painful knees. Conclusions Despite its recommended use in disease-modifying OA drug clinical trials, results suggest that JSW loss is an ineffective proxy measure of cartilage thickness loss over 12–24 months and within a localized region of the tibiofemoral joint.
Ice Nucleation on Carbon Surface Supports the Classical Theory for Heterogeneous Nucleation
Creators: name: Cabriolu, Raffaela
name: Li, Tianshu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The prevalence of heterogeneous nucleation in nature was explained qualitatively by the classical theory for heterogeneous nucleation established over more than 60 years ago, but the quantitative validity and the key conclusions of the theory have remained unconfirmed. Employing the forward flux sampling method and the coarse-grained water model mW, we explicitly computed the heterogeneous ice nucleation rates in the supercooled water on a graphitic surface at various temperatures. The independently calculated ice nucleation rates were found to fit well according to the classical theory for heterogeneous nucleation. The fitting procedure further yields the estimate of the potency factor which measures the ratio of the heterogeneous nucleation barrier to the homogeneous nucleation barrier. Remarkably, the estimated potency factor agrees quantitatively with the volumetric ratio of the critical nuclei between the heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation. Our numerical study thus provides a strong support to the quantitative power of the theory, and allows understanding ice nucleation behaviors under the most relevant freezing conditions.
description: 4 figures. Supplementary Materials
Environmental contributions to cognitive development: The role of cognitive stimulation
Creators: name: McLaughlin, Katie A.
name: Rosen, Maya L.
name: Sheridan, Margaret
name: Rakesh, Divyangana
name: Humphreys, Kathryn L.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: Early environmental experiences influence children’s cognitive and neural development. In particular, cognitive stimulation, defined as environmental inputs that engage the senses and provide learning opportunities for children, fosters acquisition of knowledge across various cognitive domains. Low levels of cognitive stimulation in early life may restrict learning opportunities, contributing to lasting consequences for neural development and later academic and occupational achievement. This review delves into the role of cognitive stimulation in neural development and related cognitive performance, available tools for measuring cognitive stimulation in various settings, and offers insights into future research directions. In addition, variability in cognitive stimulation, often linked to differences in socioeconomic status, may create disparities in children’s access to enriching experiences that provide the foundation for learning. We therefore briefly review the role of socioeconomic status in cognitive stimulation and cognitive development. We also leverage evidence from intervention studies to illustrate the importance of cognitive stimulation for children’s outcomes. Investigating the influence of cognitive stimulation on children’s brain and behavior development is crucial for developing effective intervention strategies to foster the healthy development of all children and unlocking their full potential.
A probabilistic Weyl-law for perturbed Berezin-Toeplitz operators
Creators: name: Oltman, Izak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper proves a probabilistic Weyl-law for the spectrum of randomly perturbed Berezin-Toeplitz operators, generalizing a result proven by Martin Vogel in 2020. This is done following Vogel's strategy using an exotic symbol calculus developed by the author in a recent paper.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures
Semiparametric linear regression with an interval-censored covariate in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study
Creators: name: Zeng, Donglin
name: Sizelove, Richard
name: Lin, Dan-Yu
Publisher: name: Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Year: 2024

description: In longitudinal studies, investigators are often interested in understanding
how the time since the occurrence of an intermediate event affects a future
outcome. The intermediate event is often asymptomatic such that its occurrence
is only known to lie in a time interval induced by periodic examinations.
We propose a linear regression model that relates the time since the
occurrence of the intermediate event to a continuous response at a future time
point through a rectified linear unit activation function while formulating the
distribution of the time to the occurrence of the intermediate event through
the Cox proportional hazards model. We consider nonparametric maximum
likelihood estimation with an arbitrary sequence of examination times for
each subject. We present an EM algorithm that converges stably for arbitrary
datasets. The resulting estimators of regression parameters are consistent,
asymptotically normal, and asymptotically efficient. We assess the performance
of the proposed methods through extensive simulation studies and
provide an application to the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.
Chiral asymmetry in propagation of soliton defects in crystalline backgrounds
Creators: name: Arancibia, Adrian
name: Plyushchay, Mikhail S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By applying Darboux-Crum transformations to a Lax pair formulation of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation, we construct new sets of multi-soliton solutions to it as well as to the modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation. The obtained solutions exhibit a chiral asymmetry in propagation of different types of defects in crystalline backgrounds. We show that the KdV solitons of pulse and compression modulation types, which support bound states in semi-infinite and finite forbidden bands in the spectrum of the perturbed quantum one-gap Lame system, propagate in opposite directions with respect to the asymptotically periodic background. A similar but more complicated picture also appears for the multi-kink-antikink mKdV solitons that propagate with a privileged direction over topologically trivial or topologically nontrivial crystalline background in dependence on position of energy levels of the trapped bound states in the spectral gaps of the associated Dirac system. An exotic N=4 nonlinear supersymmetric structure incorporating Lax-Novikov integrals of a pair of perturbed Lame systems is shown to underlie the Miura-Darboux-Crum construction. It unifies the KdV and mKdV solutions, detects the defects and distinguishes their types, and identifies the types of crystalline backgrounds.
description: 33 pages, 14 figures; published version
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adult Disease: Examining Mediating Pathways in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study
Creators: name: Isasi, Carmen R.
name: Kobayashi, Marissa A.
name: Gutierrez, Angela P.
name: Llabre, Maria M.
name: Suglia, Shakira F.
name: Gallo, Linda C.
name: Sotres-Alvarez, Daniela
Publisher: name: American Psychological Association (APA)
Year: 2024

description: OBJECTIVES: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to adulthood chronic diseases, but there is little research examining the mechanisms underlying this association. We tested pathways from ACEs to adult disease mediated via risk factors of depression, smoking, and body mass index.
METHOD: Prospective data from adults 18 to 74 years old from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos and Sociocultural Ancillary Study were used. Retrospectively reported ACEs and hypothesized mediators were measured at Visit 1 (2008-2011). Outcomes of disease prevalence were assessed at Visit 2, approximately 6 years later. The analytic sample includes 5,230 Hispanic/Latino participants with ACE data. Statistical mediation was examined using structural equation modeling on cardiometabolic and pulmonary disease prevalence and reported probit regression coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS: We found a significant association between ACEs and the prevalence of asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (standardized β = .07, 95% CI [0.02, 0.12]). In the mediational model, the direct association was nonsignificant (β = .02, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.07]) but was mediated by depressive symptoms (β = .03, 95% CI [0.02, 0.04]). There were no associations between ACEs and the prevalence of diabetes and self-reported coronary heart disease or cerebrovascular disease. However, a small indirect effect was identified via depressive symptoms and coronary heart disease (β = .02, 95% CI [0.01, 0.03]).
CONCLUSION: In this diverse Hispanic/Latino sample, depressive symptoms were found to be a pathway linking ACEs to self-reported cardiopulmonary diseases, although the effects were of small magnitude. Future work should replicate pathways, confirm the magnitude of effects, and examine cultural moderators that may dampen expected associations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
A non-singular early-time viscous cosmological model
Creators: name: Cruz, Norman
name: González, Esteban
name: Jovel, Jose
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the thermodynamical and mathematical consistencies for a non-singular early-time viscous cosmological model known as soft-Big Bang, which was previously found in [N. Cruz, E. González, and J. Jovel, Phys. Rev. D \textbf{105}, 024047 (2022)]. This model represents a flat homogeneous and isotropic universe filled with a dissipative radiation fluid and a cosmological constant $Λ$, which is small but not negligible, in the framework of Eckart's theory. In particular, we discuss the capability of the solution in the fulfillment of the three following conditions: (i) the near equilibrium condition, which is assumed in Eckart's theory of non-perfect fluids, (ii) the mathematical stability of the solution under small perturbations, and (iii) the positiveness of the entropy production. We have found that this viscous model can describe the radiation domination era of the $Λ$CDM model and, at the same time, fulfill the three conditions mentioned by the fulfillment of a single constraint on the bulk viscous coefficient $ξ_{0}$, finding also that this non-singular model has a positive energy density in the infinity past which is infinity hotter with a constant entropy.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2202.02362, some typos corrected
Perspectives of autistic students and their teachers on self-determination and peer support
Creators: name: Hume, Kara
name: Kiblen, Jessie C.
name: Kan, Delia
name: Shogren, Karrie A.
name: Bossen, Barbara
name: Scott, LaRon
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: Autistic students may need individualized supports to meet their academic, social, and self-determination needs in inclusive classrooms. However, few evidence-based interventions have been developed to provide these supports for autistic adolescents, and little is known about the perceptions of autistic youth about these interventions in use in high schools. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of autistic students and their teachers on self-determination and peer support, as well as their thoughts about two evidence-based interventions used in their classroom settings: the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction and Peer Supports. An overall theme of empowerment was identified from student and teacher data collected across the interventions, which highlighted the importance of enabling students to access these interventions in inclusive environments. Autistic students experienced growth in understanding their identity and role as students, peers, and learners, and many felt empowered to set and achieve goals important to their future success. Teachers noted increased self-confidence and assertiveness in students pursuing their goals, highlighting the need for inclusive interventions that address positive in-school and post-school outcomes for secondary autistic students.
Identities for Entropy Change Associated with the Time-Evolution of an Open System
Creators: name: Majima, Hiroki
name: Suzuki, Akira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general relation between entropy and an evolutionary superoperator is derived based on the theory of the real-time formulation. The formulation establishing the relation relies only on the framework of quantum statistical mechanics and the standard definition of the von Neumann entropy. Applying the theory of the imaginary-time formulation, a similar relation is obtained for the entropy change due to the change in reservoir temperatures. To show the usefulness of these formulas, we derived the expression for the entropy production induced by some dissipation in an open quantum system as the exemplary model system.
description: 5 pages. Accepted in Foundations of Physics (close to accepted version). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1103.4775, arXiv:1203.0485 by other authors
A Note on the Use of Mixture Models for Individual Prediction
Creators: name: Bauer, Daniel J.
name: Cole, Veronica T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Mixture models capture heterogeneity in data by decomposing the population into latent subgroups, each of which is governed by its own subgroup-specific set of parameters. Despite the flexibility and widespread use of these models, most applications have focused solely on making inferences for whole or sub-populations, rather than individual cases. The current article presents a general framework for computing marginal and conditional predicted values for individuals using mixture model results. These predicted values can be used to characterize covariate effects, examine the fit of the model for specific individuals, or forecast future observations from previous ones. Two empirical examples are provided to demonstrate the usefulness of individual predicted values in applications of mixture models. The first example examines the relative timing of initiation of substance use using a multiple event process survival mixture model whereas the second example evaluates changes in depressive symptoms over adolescence using a growth mixture model.
Bayesian joint modeling of high-dimensional discrete multivariate longitudinal data using generalized linear mixed models
Creators: name: Ibrahim, Joseph G.
name: Chen, Fang
name: Tan, Xianming
name: Chen, Ronald C.
name: Hauser, Paloma
Publisher: name: Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Year: 2024

description: In routine cancer care, various patient- and clinician-reported symptoms
are collected throughout treatment. This informs a crucial part of clinical
research, particularly in studying the factors associated with symptom
underascertainment. To jointly analyze such discrete, multivariate, and potentially
high-dimensional repeated measures, we propose a Bayesian longitudinal
generalized linear mixed model (BLGLMM). This model integrates
three key methodologies: a low-rank matrix decomposition to approximate
the high-dimensional regression coefficient matrix, a sparse factor
model to capture the dependence among multiple outcomes, and random
effects to account for the dependence among repeated responses. Posterior
computation is performed using an efficient Markov chain Monte
Carlo algorithm. We conduct simulations and provide an illustrative example
examining the factors associated with symptom under ascertainment in
prostate cancer patients to demonstrate the efficacy and utility of our proposed
method.
Quantizing the non-linear graviton
Creators: name: Bittleston, Roland
name: Sharma, Atul
name: Skinner, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider holomorphic Poisson-BF theory on twistor space. Classically, this describes self-dual Einstein gravity on space-time, but at the quantum level it is plagued by an anomaly. The anomaly corresponds to the fact that integrability of the self-dual vacuum Einstein equations does not survive in self-dual quantum gravity. We compute the anomaly polynomials in the Poisson-BF theory, as well as in this theory coupled to a holomorphic BF theory on twistor space describing self-dual Yang-Mills. We show that all anomalies may be cancelled by further coupling to a twistor field representing a type of axion on space-time. When the twistor anomalies are cancelled, all $n\geq4$-pt amplitudes vanish and integrability is restored.
description: 70 pages, 12 figures; v2: clarifications added, typos corrected; v3: published in CIMP
Instability of charged massive scalar fields in bound states around Kerr-Sen black holes
Creators: name: Siahaan, Haryanto M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show the instability of a charged massive scalar field in bound states around Kerr-Sen black holes. By matching the near and far region solutions of the radial part in the corresponding Klein-Gordon equation, one can show that the frequency of bound state scalar fields contains an imaginary component which gives rise to an amplification factor for the fields. Hence, the unstable modes for a charged and massive scalar perturbation in Kerr-Sen background can be shown.
description: 16 pages, no figures; v2 is heavily revised in response to the authors of arXiv:1507.05649; v3: references added
Improving Factor Score Estimation Through the Use of Observed Background Characteristics
Creators: name: Bauer, Daniel J.
name: Curran, Patrick J.
name: Gottfredson, Nisha
name: Cole, Veronica
name: Hussong, Andrea M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: A challenge facing nearly all studies in the psychological sciences is how to best combine multiple items into a valid and reliable score to be used in subsequent modelling. The most ubiquitous method is to compute a mean of items, but more contemporary approaches use various forms of latent score estimation. Regardless of approach, outside of large-scale testing applications, scoring models rarely include background characteristics to improve score quality. The current paper used a Monte Carlo simulation design to study score quality for different psychometric models that did and did not include covariates across levels of sample size, number of items, and degree of measurement invariance. The inclusion of covariates improved score quality for nearly all design factors, and in no case did the covariates degrade score quality relative to not considering the influences at all. Results suggest that the inclusion of observed covariates can improve factor score estimation.
Exposure effects on count outcomes with observational data, with application to incarcerated women
Creators: name: Taylor, Tonya
name: Cohen, Mardge
name: Cole, Stephen R.
name: Edmonds, Andrew
name: Donohue, Jessica
name: Kovacs, Andrea
name: Cohen, Jennifer
name: Adedimeji, Adebola
name: Knittel, Andrea K.
name: Long, Dustin
name: Adimora, Adaora A.
name: Michel, Katherine G.
name: Shook-Sa, Bonnie E.
name: Ramirez, Catalina
name: Foster, Antonina
name: Hudgens, Michael G.
name: Fischl, Margaret A.
Publisher: name: Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Year: 2024

description: Causal inference methods can be applied to estimate the effect of a point exposure or treatment on an
outcome of interest using data from observational studies. For example, in the Women’s Interagency
HIV Study, it is of interest to understand the effects of incarceration on the number of sexual partners
and the number of cigarettes smoked after incarceration. In settings like this where the outcome is a
count, the estimand is often the causal mean ratio, i.e., the ratio of the counterfactual mean count
under exposure to the counterfactual mean count under no exposure. This paper considers estimators
of the causal mean ratio based on inverse probability of treatment weights, the parametric g-formula,
and doubly robust estimation, each of which can account for overdispersion, zero-inflation, and
heaping in the measured outcome. Methods are compared in simulations and are applied to data from
the Women’s Interagency HIV Study.
Chiral phonon in the cubic system based on the Laves phase of $A$Bi$_{2}$ ($A=$K, Rb, Cs)
Creators: name: Basak, Surajit
name: Piekarz, Przemysław
name: Ptok, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $A$B$_{2}$ ($A=$K, Rb, Cs) compounds crystallize in the cubic Laves phase (symmetry Fd$\bar{3}$m). The geometry of the crystal structure allows the realization of chiral phonons, which are associated with the circulation of atoms around their equilibrium positions. Due to the inversion symmetry and time reversal symmetry, total pseudo-angular momentum (PAM) of the system vanishes. We show that the doping of these system can lead to a new phase with symmetry F$\bar{4}3$m. New systems (KRbBi$_{4}$ and RbCsBi$_{4}$) do not exhibit soft modes (are stable dynamically). Due to the inversion symmetry breaking, realized chiral phonon modes posses a non-zero total PAM. In both type of systems the chiral phonons are realized for the wavectors at the edge of the Brillouine zone. This study explores the possibility of chiral phonon engineering via doping, and predicts two new materials. Discussing the problem opens a new way to study the phonon Hall effect.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures