cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Element fractionation in the petrogenesis of ocean island basalts
Creators: name: Elliott, Timothy Richard
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1992

description: Analytical techniques have been developed to measure the very small [230ThP32Th] atomic ratios (3-8x10-6) typical of basaltic lavas using a single focussing mass spectrometer. Compared to conventional alpha-counting methods, the technique presented typically gives a 2-5 fold improvement in reproducibility of 230 Th/232Th ratios, and furthermore uses -5x less sample, has a simpler chemical prepartion and a data aquisition time -100x shorter. The above technique was used in investigating a suite of historic (<1000a) basanites from La Palma, Canaries. The lavas have undergone significant post melt segregration processes, involving residence in deep (>4kbar) magma chambers, that are inferred to persist for at least 30ka. The basanites show geochemical variations related to differences in the degree of partial melting, that are estimated to be between 0.3-2%. Rare earth element (REE) modelling suggests clinopyroxene, rather than garnet control during melting, contrary to expectations from recent geophysical models (McKenzie & O'Nions, in press). The La Palma mantle source is inferred to be LREE enriched, K& Rb depleted, and shows many incompatible element ratios characteristic of 'himu' basalts (Weaver 1991). In contrast, the 206pb/204pb ratios of the La Palma basanites (19.6±0.05) are lower than the isotopically defined'high p' basalts (Zindler & Hart 1986) which suggests that the La Palma source is geochemically similar, but younger than a typical 'high t' source. A suite of young (<10,000a) high MgO tholeiites from Iceland show order of magnitude variations in highly incompatible element concentrations that correlate with FeO contents. Variations within these lavas is primarily attributable to sampling of instantaneous melts from different depths within a dynamic melting column. However, additional correlations of radiogenic isotope ratios with major and trace element contents highlights mixing of various plume melts with some 20% mid-ocean ridge basalt, derived from melting of upper mantle material entrained during plume upwelling.
Urban Organic Waste for Urban Farming: Growing Lettuce Using Vermicompost and Thermophilic Compost
Creators: name: Schröder, Corinna
name: Häfner, Franziska
name: Larsen, Oliver Christopher
name: Krause, Ariane
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Technologie
subject: coconut fiber
subject: fecal compost
subject: lettuce
subject: nutrient recovery
subject: organic waste
subject: sustainable food production
subject: thermophilic compost
subject: phosphorus

description: A transformation towards sustainable food production requires improved circular nutrient management. Urban organic waste contains relevant nutrients and organic matter, yet only 4% of global urban nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) sources are presently recycled. One recycling approach is the composting of urban wastes for urban horticulture. We characterized compost from various urban waste fractions and assessed their fertilizer value in a pot trial with lettuce plants. Seven treatments were investigated: food waste vermicompost with coir and paperboard bedding material, thermophilic compost from green waste and human feces, two references with mineral fertilization and a sand control. The lettuce yield and total uptake of P, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were highest in plants grown in coir-based vermicompost. The fecal compost led to the highest shoot P and K content, but the shoot uptake of Ca and Mg were lower than in the other treatments. All composts required additional N for lettuce growth. In conclusion, urban waste-derived vermicompost and fecal compost demonstrate a high delivery rate of plant-available Ca, Mg, P, and K. Research is needed on macronutrient availability and alternative N sources for the substitution of synthetic fertilization. These findings support the production of urban waste composts, furthering efforts in nutrient recycling.
title: A study of agrammatism with special reference to Hebrew
Creators: name: Druks, Judit
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1992

description: The aim of the thesis was to test empirically Grodzinsky's account of agrammatism. Grodzinsky's account is based on Chomsky's Government and Binding theory and it claims that the comprehension deficit in agrammatism is due to the deletion of 'trace' present in passive and relative clauses. English and Hebrew speaking patients were tested. The experiment exploited a special feature of the Hebrew language in which it is possible to construct passive sentences without trace. In addition to passive and obJect relative clause sentences, other sentence types were also used. The results did not support the trace deletion hypothesis of Grodzinsky. An alternative version of his hypothesis, according to which sentences that require coindexation between two elements in the sentence are difficult for agrommatic aphasics did obtain support. The results also suggested that reversible sentences are particularly difficult for agrammatic patients. Grodzinsky's account also claimed that in agrammatism governed prepositions are impaired and ungoverned prepositions are preserved. In order to test this part of the theory an indepth case study of a Hebrew speaking agrammatic patient who never used prepositions in her spontaneous speech was carried out. The study tested the hypotheses of Grodzinsky and Friederici and it concluded that Grodzinsky's hypothesis according to which governed prepositions are impaired and ungoverned prepositions are preserved is not supported by the evidence. Meaningful prepositions as Friederici suggested, were more likely to be produced in certain tasks. Although this also cannot explain the total omission of prepositions of this patient. In addition to the preposition case study, the patient's ability to deal with the Hebrew verb system was investigated. Both the preposition and the verb study suggested that in agrammatism it is not the principles of Universal Grammar that are violated but the particular features of individual languages.
title: Development of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of urinary acylcarnitines : application to metabolism studies
Creators: name: Lowes, Stephen
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1991

description: The metabolism of fatty acids in humans is recognized as an important source of energy. It is especially vital to newborn infants when metabolic pathways are often stressed as the early stages of life demand fundamental changes and developments of body processes. Defective fatty acid oxidation pathways can rapidly lead to a life-threatening situation. It has been suggested that such disorders may be responsible for a proportion of "cot death" or sudden infant death syndrome (SID S) cases. Recently, it has been found that the levels of acylcarnidnes in body fluids and tissue are potential indicators of fatty acid metabolism status. This is due to carnitine esters being produced and excreted in an attempt to alleviate the toxic accumulation of incompletely metabolized acyl units in the mitochondrion. However, clinical studies have been limited by a lack of convenient, unambiguous, sensitive and affordable analytical techniquesf or the measuremenot f physiological acylcarnitmnes. The nature of carnitine and its acyl esters presents analysis problems. They are involatile, zwitterionic compounds which makes them unsuitable for direct gas chromatography (GC) and combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCIMS). The latter of these is the favoured technique for normal urinary organic acid assays and is ideal in terms of selectivity and sensitivity. The work reported here details the development of a simple unambiguous and novel derivatization procedure in which acylcarnitines are cyclized to give volatile lactones, amenable to GC and GC/MS. The technique was subsequently applied to acylcarnitines extracted from urine. As such, the method has been used to identify acylcarnitine metabolites in the urine of children with diseases of fatty acid oxidation and amino acid catabolism. Investigations of the metabolism of exogenous 3-phenylpropionic and valproic acids was also conducted. The preliminary results from the application of capillary zone electrophoresis methods to acylcarnitine analysis are also reported.
Press-Schechter primordial black hole mass functions and their observational constraints
Creators: name: Sureda, Joaquin
name: Magana, Juan
name: Araya, Ignacio J.
name: Padilla, Nelson D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a modification of the Press-Schechter (PS) formalism to derive general mass functions for primordial black holes (PBHs), considering their formation as being associated to the amplitude of linear energy density fluctuations. To accommodate a wide range of physical relations between the linear and non-linear conditions for collapse, we introduce an additional parameter to the PS mechanism, and that the collapse occurs at either a given cosmic time, or as fluctuations enter the horizon. We study the case where fluctuations obey Gaussian statistics and follow a primordial power spectrum of broken power-law form with a blue spectral index for small scales. We use the observed abundance of super-massive black holes (SMBH) to constrain the extended mass functions taking into account dynamical friction. We further constrain the modified PS by developing a method for converting existing constraints on the PBH mass fraction, derived assuming monochromatic mass distributions for PBHs, into constraints applicable for extended PBH mass functions. We find that when considering well established monochromatic constraints there are regions in parameter space where all the dark matter can be made of PBHs. Of special interest is the region for the characteristic mass of the distribution ~10^2 M_Sun, for a wide range of blue spectral indices in the scenario where PBHs form as they enter the horizon, where the linear threshold for collapse is of the order of the typical overdensities, as this is close to the black hole masses detected by LIGO which are difficult to explain by stellar collapse.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures, version accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Volcanology from space: applications of infrared remote sensing
Creators: name: Oppenheimer, Clive
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1991

description: Remote sensing techniques are being used increasingly to address volcanological problems. This thesis is concerned with the interpretation of multispectral infrared data of volcanic thermal features. Data from the two short wavelength infrared (SWIR) bands of the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) are used to constrain sizes and temperatures of subpixel resolution hot spots. Analysis of a 1989 TM scene of Lonquimay volcano suggests a cooling from 250 to 170°C of the crust of an active lava flow down 1.5 km of its length. Estimates of the summed radiative and convective heat losses from the flow top fall from 6 to 3 MW per 30 x 30 m pixel downflow. Thermal data were collected at volcanoes in Chile, Nicaragua and Italy to test assumptions explicit in such calculations. These surveys suggest that SWIR emission from fumarole fields is dominated by that from the interior walls of vents, and that surface temperatures around fumarole vents are lower than those of typical active lava bodies. The relative response of the two SWIR sensors of the TM is sensitive to such differences and therefore provides a basis for the interpretation of thennal anomalies known only from satellite data. Comparison of measurements in the two SWIR bands is petfonned with fourteen TM scenes recorded between 1984 and 1991, of a persistent hot spot at Lascar volcano, Chile. Evolution of the thennal source is charted by comparing the summed spectral radiance in each of the SWIR bands. Thus it appears that Lascar has experienced at least two periods of lava dome growth punctuated by the explosive eruptions of 1986 and 1990. Infrared sensors to be deployed on forthcoming remote sensing platfonns, including the Japanese Earth Resources Satellite and NASA's Earth Observing System, promise to constrain thennal emissions from volcanoes more effectively than possible with existing orbital systems. These investigations will improve understanding of the physical processes that influence the emplacement of lavas, as well as the potential for detecting eruption precursors and evaluating volcanic hazards.
Cold filaments in galaxy clusters: effects of heat conduction
Creators: name: Nipoti, Carlo
name: Binney, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the critical size l_crit of a filament of cold (T~10^4 K) gas that is in radiative equilibrium with X-ray emitting gas at temperatures T_out~10^6 - 10^8 K. Filaments smaller than l_crit will be rapidly evaporated, while longer ones will induce the condensation of the ambient medium. At fixed pressure P, l_crit increases as T_out^(11/4), while at fixed T_out it scales as 1/P. It scales as f^(1/2), where f is the factor by which the magnetic field depresses the thermal conductivity below Spitzer's benchmark value. For plausible values of f, l_crit is similar to the lengths of observed filaments. In a cluster such as Perseus, the value of l_crit increases by over an order of magnitude between the centre and a radius of 100 kpc. If the spectrum of seed filament lengths l is strongly falling with l, as is natural, then these results explain why filaments are only seen within a few kiloparsecs of the centres of clusters, and are not seen in clusters that have no cooling flow. We calculate the differential emission measure as a function of temperature for the interface between filaments and ambient gas of various temperatures. We discuss the implications of our results for the origin of the galaxy luminosity function.
description: 8 pages with 5 figures, MNRAS (submitted)
Zur Altersfrage der mitteleuropäischen Terrae calcis
Creators: name: Smolíková, Libuše
name: Lozek, Vojen
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1962

description: Vom Standpunkte der Quartärstratigraphie können die Terrae calcis-Böden wichtige Leithorizonte bieten, da ihre Entstehung auf warmzeitiiche Klimabedingungen zurückgeht. Zunächst muß allerdings das Alter von einzelnen Terrae calcis-Typen und -Varietäten möglichst genau bestimmt werden. Beste Anhaltspunkte für die Altersbestimmung von Terrae calcis bieten die Ausgangsgesteine bekannten Alters und das Verhältnis zur Erosion. Als Hilfskriterien können die fossilführenden Terrae calcis-Sedimente in Karsthohlräumen und das gegenseitige Verhältnis von einzelnen Terrae caicis-Typen in den Aufschlüssen angeführt werden. Die besten Ergebnisse wurden bisher auf Grund von Untersuchungen der Terrae calcis aus Travertinen und Kalkbreccien gewonnen, die altersmäßig in verschiedene Phasen des Jungtertiärs und Quartärs gehören. Aus vergleichenden Studien im Karpatenraum geht eindeutig hervor, daß die jüngsten allitischen Terra rossa-Bildungen nur auf pliozänen Travertinen zu finden sind. Auf den Travertinen der pleistozänen Warmzeiten, abgesehen von den letztinterglazialen, ist üblicherweise die Terra fusca ausgebildet. Nur ausnahmsweise wurde flachgründige Terra fusca auch auf den letztinterglazialen (Eem-) Travertinen nachgewiesen, während die holozänen Quellkalke lediglich Rendsinen tragen. Aus den angeführten Anhaltspunkten ergibt sich somit, daß die jüngsten allitischen Terra-rossa-Bildungen endtertiär bzw. höchstens ältestpleistozän sind. Die Terra fusca ist eine bezeichnende Bildung der pleistozänen Interglaziale, während im Postglazial nur eine sehr beschränkte, lokale Entstehung dieses Bodens anzunehmen ist. Aus einigen Befunden in den Karsthohlräumen kann geschlossen werden, daß siallitische Terra rossa auch in den ältestpleistozänen Warmzeiten gebildet wurde. Wenn diese Gesetzmäßigkeiten noch an mehreren Fundstellen in verschiedenen Landschaften bestätigt würden, könnten die einzelnen Terrae calcis-Typen gute Alterskriterien in solchen Gebieten bieten, wo andere Anhaltspunkte nicht zur Verfügung stehen.
description: research
On the Kinetic Energy and Radiative Efficiency of Gamma-Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Lloyd-Ronning, Nicole M.
name: Zhang, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using measured X-ray luminosities to 17 Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) during the afterglow phase and accounting for radiative losses, we calculate the kinetic energy of these bursts and investigate its relation to other GRB properties. We then use the observed radiated energy during the prompt phase to determine the radiative efficiency of these bursts, and explore how the efficiency relates to other GRB observables. We find that the kinetic energy in the afterglow phase is directly correlated with the radiated energy, total energy as well as possibly the jet opening angle and spectral peak energy. More importantly, we find the intriguing fact that the efficiency is correlated with the radiated energy, and mildly with the total energy, jet opening angle and spectral peak energy. XRF020903 also seems to follow the trends we find for our GRB sample. We discuss the implications of these results for the GRB radiation and jet models.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures; Revised version, accepted to ApJ
Some inherent and inherited properties of a referential twelve-note construct in the first movement of Béla Bartók's Sonata no. 1 for Violin and Piano (1921)
Creators: name: Paslawski, Gordon Philip
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A thorough analysis of Bartok's Sonata no.l for Violin and Piano (1921) will demonstrate how pc hierarchies and regions of relative tonal stability are created despite the work being ultimately controlled by a special inversionally symmetric registral ordering of the aggregate, referred to throughout the essay as X. The various relationships between the aggregate's symmetrical arrangement and other modes of organization, including various transpositionally symmetric (TS) collections, will be explored. While the possibilities of partitioning X are numerous, only two will be discussed extensively, as they are featured most prominently throughout the work. These include: i) the use of complementary hexachords, SC(013469) dividing X in half, and ii) overlapping, interlocking minor-third interval cycles (ic-3 cycles), SC(0369). Following an introductory chapter that surveys past analyses of this work, chapters two and three put forward the theoretical concepts behind the present analysis. While chapter two contains a discussion of the abstract, inherent properties of the complementary hexachords and some of the ways they are deployed as referential elements, chapter three will discuss those properties of X that lend themselves to traditional concepts of tonality. Chapter four comprises the analysis portion of the essay, drawing together the various concepts addressed in the previous chapters, showing the formations that result when these concepts are applied, and discussing how these formations contribute to, or contradict various manifestations of tonality in the course of the movement.
An intermediate phase in DNA melting
Creators: name: Neher, Richard A.
name: Gerland, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict a novel temperature-driven phase transition of DNA below the melting transition. The additional, intermediate phase exists for repetitive sequences, when the two strands have different lengths. In this phase, the excess bases of the longer strand are completely absorbed as bulge loops inside the helical region. When the temperature is lowered, the excess bases desorb into overhanging ends, resulting in a contour length change. This continuous transition is in many aspects analogous to Bose Einstein condensation. Weak sequence disorder renders the transition discontinuous.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Epophioceras Spath 1924
Creators: name: Fauré, Philippe
name: Sekatni, Nejla
name: Arfaoui, Mohamed Sabri
name: Alouani, Rabah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Ammonitida
Ammonoidea
Epophioceras

description: Genre Epophioceras Spath, 1924
 ESPÈCE TYPE. — Ammonites landrioti d’Orbigny, 1849 par désignation originale.
description: Published as part of Fauré, Philippe, Sekatni, Nejla, Arfaoui, Mohamed Sabri & Alouani, Rabah, 2021, Le Jurassique du Jebel Ressas (Tunisie). Identification du Sinémurien supérieur dans la Formation Zaghouan. Précisions stratigraphiques et paléobiogéographiques sur le Sinémurien de Tunisie, pp. 95-119 in Geodiversitas 43 (4) on page 107, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a4, http://zenodo.org/record/4555560
Die zeitliche Stellung der Urmenschen-Fundschicht von Steinheim an der Murr innerhalb des Pleistozäns
Creators: name: Adam, Karl Dietrich
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1954

description: Mit Hilfe der Elefanten kann das Alter der Steinheimer Urmenschen-Fundschicht als Elster-Saale-Interglazial bestimmt werden. Auch die Untersuchungsbefunde anderer Faunenglieder (z. B. Dicerorhinus hemitoechus und Bos primigenius) bestätigen das.
description: research
Interstadiale Torfe in würmeiszeitlichen Schmelzwassersanden Nordfrieslands
Creators: name: Dittmer, Ernst
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1954

description: Aus würmzeitlichen Schmelzwassersanden Nordfrieslands werden Interstadial-Torfe beschrieben. Auf die Bedeutung für die Gliederung des schleswig-holsteinischen Jungpleistozäns und die Bodenbildungen des Mittelpleistozäns wird hingewiesen.
description: research
Paltechioceras charpentieri
Creators: name: Fauré, Philippe
name: Sekatni, Nejla
name: Arfaoui, Mohamed Sabri
name: Alouani, Rabah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Ammonitida
Ammonoidea
Paltechioceras
Paltechioceras charpentieri

description: Paltechioceras cf. charpentieri (Schafhäult, 1847) (Fig. 7J, K, L)
 cf. Ammonites charpentieri Schafhäult, 1847: 810; 1851: pl. 16, fig. 22, seule.
 cf. Leptechioceras charpentieri – Getty 1973: pl. 2, figs 6, (cf.) 1, 4.
 cf. Paltechioceras charpentieri – Blau 1998: pl. 6, figs 2, (cf.) 1, 4, avec synonymie. — Meister & Friebe 2003: fig. 11, figs 4, 6.
 cf. Paltechioceras cf. charpentieri – Fauré 2002: pl. 2, figs 12, 13, 14a, b. — Fauré & Alméras 2006: pl., figs 15-18.
 cf. Paltechioceras gr. charpentieri – Géczy & Meister 2007: pl. 30, fig. 3.
MATÉRIEL EXAMINÉ. — Jebel Ressas, Paroi Rouge, niv. 21. 4 ex. (PFT213, 214, 215, 216).
DESCRIPTION
 Plusieurs fragments d’un Echioceratidae sont ici rapprochés de Paltechioceras charpentieri en raison de leur costulation forte, faite de côtes au relief bien marqué, à la fois proverses et légèrement arquées vers l’avant, s’infléchissant légèrement sur le bord externe en perdant de leur relief. Malgré les artéfacts dus à l’écrasement des coquilles, on peut observer que, comme chez cette espèce, la carène est nettement bordée par deux sillons.
DISCUSSION
 P. charpentieri est considéré par Blau (1998) et Meister & Friebe (2003) comme une espèce intermédiaire entre les deux genres Paltechioceras et Leptechioceras. La présence des sillons péricarénaux permet de placer, sans ambiguïté, nos spécimens dans le genre Paltechioceras.
ÂGE ET RÉPARTITION
 P. charpentieri est surtout connu sur la marge nord de la Téthys (Austroalpin supérieur d’Autriche et de Hongrie), où il est récolté in situ dans la partie inférieure de la sous-chronozone à Macdonnelli (Horizon à Meigeni-Charpentieri de Blau & Meister 2000). Son âge est identique dans les confins méridionaux des plates-formes européennes (Pyrénées, Corbières). Il est très vraisemblable que le niveau stratigraphique de nos spécimens en soit très proche, comme il est très certainement très proche de celui de P. bavaricum avec lequel il est associé dans un contexte de vraisemblable condensation sédimentaire. P. charpentieri est pour la première fois signalé sur la marge africaine de la Téthys méditerranéenne.
description: Published as part of Fauré, Philippe, Sekatni, Nejla, Arfaoui, Mohamed Sabri & Alouani, Rabah, 2021, Le Jurassique du Jebel Ressas (Tunisie). Identification du Sinémurien supérieur dans la Formation Zaghouan. Précisions stratigraphiques et paléobiogéographiques sur le Sinémurien de Tunisie, pp. 95-119 in Geodiversitas 43 (4) on page 110, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a4, http://zenodo.org/record/4555560
Geomorphologische Untersuchungen im östlichen Kroumirbergland (Nordtunesien, Gebiet östlich von Tabarka)
Creators: name: Brosche, Karl-Ulrich
name: Molle, Hans-Georg
name: Schulz, Georg
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1976

description: Im nordtunesischen Untersuchungsgebiet (östliches Kroumirbergland) lassen sich verschiedene Ablagerungen voneinander trennen. Am jüngsten ist eine Feinmaterialakkumulation, die eine maximale Höhe von 5—6 m über Niedrigwasserbett und ein Erosionsniveau bei 2—2,5 m aufweist. Diese Akkumulation entspricht den Feinsedimentkörpern („Auelehme") Fregiens (1971). Nach zwei 14C-Daten (Holzkohle) wurden die Sedimente etwa seit 5000 B. P. abgelagert. Ungefähr in den gleichen Zeitraum fällt nach 14C-Daten die Ablagerung einer 6—12 m mächtigen „Dünensandterrasse" im Oued Malah. Die nächst ältere Ablagerung besteht aus einem Schotterkörper, der vor allem im Talgrund unter den oben genannten Akkumulationen anzutreffen ist. Nach Vergleichen mit Untersuchungsergebnissen in Zentraltunesien scheint ein würmzeitliches Alter der Schotter wahrscheinlich zu sein. Zeitlich nicht einstufen ließen sich kalkzementierte Dünen mit Terra rossa-Schlotten in Meeresnähe bei 12,5—13,5 m ü. M., eine oder mehrere Schotterterrassen mit Felssockeln bei 25—50 m über Niedrigwasserbett und kalkzementierte Dünen mit roten Bodensedimenten und einzelnen Sandsteinschottern bei 70—90 m, stellenweise sogar bei 130 m relativer Höhe über Niedrigwasserbett.
description: research
Principal null directions of perturbed black holes
Creators: name: Perjés, Z.
name: Vasúth, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of principal null directions of a perturbed black hole are investigated. It shown that principal null directions are directly observable quantities characterizing the space-time. A definition of a perturbed space-time, generalizing that given by Stewart and Walker is proposed. This more general framework allows one to include descriptions of a given space-time other than by a pair $(M,g)$ where $M$ is a four-dimensional differential manifold and $g$ a Lorentz metric. Examples of alternative characterizations are the curvature representation of Karlhede and others, the Newman-Penrose representation or observable quantities involving principal null directions. The conditions are studied under which the various alternative choices of observables provide equivalent descriptions of the space-time.
description: To appear in Class. Quantum Grav
title: Attempts to analyse D/H ratios of sub-micromole quantities of hydrogen : applications in the study of ordinary chondrites
Creators: name: Morse, Andrew David
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1991

description: Semarkona is an unequilibrated ordinary chondrite which has experienced the least amount of thermal metamorphism and has the highest whole-rock D/H ratio of the ordinary chondrites. It is also unusual in that it has undergone some mild aqueous alteration, previously considered a secondary process restricted to some deuterium-rich carbonaceous chondrites. Semarkona was chosen to be the object of a more detailed study of secondary alteration and to determine whether the deuterium-rich phase was related in any way to the aqueous alteration process. A procedure was developed involving three analytical techniques (chemical/petrographic, thermoluminescence and hydrogen isotope) to study individual fragments of this meteorite. The deuterium-rich phase was found to be concentrated in the chondrules, average δD = +3890‰, with a maximum measured δD of +7500‰ in one of the chondrules. The matrix had a moderate deuterium enrichment, of average 3D = +2670‰. The isotope results in conjunction with the other techniques employed indicated that the chondrules that had experienced aqueous alteration are deuterium-rich. The water involved in the aqueous alteration was either deuterium-rich or transported deuterium-rich organics to the sites of aqueous alteration. In order to reduce sample size requirements, it was necessary to develop an inlet and mass spectrometer system capable of the isotopic analysis of less than 0.1 µmol hydrogen. Two inlet systems were developed for use with a dynamic mass spectrometer and compared with a conventional inlet system. The inlet system with greatest sensitivity, capable of analysing 0.1 µmol hydrogen, was used for the isotopic study of Semarkona; however, the accuracy of this system was poor due to the presence of a memory effect. Experiments, using the conventional inlet, showed that this memory effect was due to sample water remaining on the surfaces of the inlet system. The presence of the memory effect could not be eliminated, but a correction procedure was obtained. These experiments have shown various methods in which the memory effect can be overcome by careful design of an inlet system. Finally a static mass spectrometer system was developed, capable of analysing less than lnmol hydrogen, in the form of methane. Initial results show that this system is capable of the isotopic analysis 0.01 μmol of water with δD in the range of -500‰ to +5000‰ to an accuracy of ±20‰.
Die Klimakurve des Tertiärs und Quartärs in Mitteleuropa
Creators: name: Woldstedt, Paul
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1954

description: Die Temperaturen Mitteleuropas, die im älteren Tertiär um etwa 20° C liegen, sinken im Laufe des Tertiärs ganz allmählich, um mit Beginn des Eiszeitalters denen der Gegenwart nahezukommen. Das Quartär ist durch kurze starke Schwankungen gekennzeichnet. Als Ursache kommen wohl zwei Hauptfaktoren in Frage: Zunahme des Reliefs der Erde und Schwankungen der Sonnenenergie (im ultravioletten Spektralbereich). Für die extremen Temperaturschwankungen des Quartärs in den mittleren Breiten spielen die polaren Eiskappen eine wichtige Rolle.
description: research
title: The role of women in education of the working classes - 1870-1904
Creators: name: Martin, Jane
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1992

description: Focusing upon the twenty-nine female members of the London School Board, this thesis examines the position of women Involved with the institution of elementary education in late-Victorian and Edwardian England. It is usually assumed that the responsibility for mass schooling mostly lay with men working within both central and local government, I have gone beyond this perspective in order to examine the problem of class and gender as competing power structures in the development of an English school system. The Issue of gender Is addressed by investigating both gender relations on the various School Boards for London, and the relationship between contemporary notions of masculinity and femininity and elementary education between 1870 and 1904. In exploring the ways in which the social inequalities of gender shaped and influenced women's experience of public office, the study goes some way towards correcting the emphasis upon predominantly male agents in existing historical accounts of the relationship between the educational structure and society and the inter-relationship of its component parts. Focusing upon the biographies of female members of the London School Board, the thesis explores the links between private life, social networks and the entry of women to the public domain. It examines the stance adopted by individual London School Board women on the formal curriculum, the adminstration of reformatory institutions, and attitudes towards working class children In school, considered In terms of the Interplay of the social divisions of gender and class.
Modeling of Multisite Precipitation Occurrences Using Latent Gaussian-based Multivariate Binary Response Time Series
Creators: name: Chen, Hsien-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A new stochastic model for daily precipitation occurrence processes observed at multiple locations is developed. The modeling concept is to use the indicator function and the elliptical shape of multivariate Gaussian distribution to represent the joint probabilities of daily precipitation occurrences. By using this concept, the number of parameters needed for precipitation occurrence modeling can be largely reduced when compared to the commonly used two-state Markov chain approach. With this parameter reduction, the modeling of spatio-temporal dependence of daily precipitation occurrence processes observed at different locations is no longer difficult. Results of an illustrative application using the precipitation record available from a network of ten raingauges in the southern Quebec region, also demonstrate the accuracy and the feasibility of the proposed model.
Relation between the neutrino and quark mixing angles and grand unification
Creators: name: Raidal, Martti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that there exists simple relation between the quark and lepton mixings which supports the idea of grand unification and probes the underlying robust bi-maximal fermion mixing structure of still unknown flavor physics. In this framework the quark mixing matrix is a parameter matrix describing the deviation of neutrino mixing from exactly bi-maximal, predicting theta_{sol}+theta_C=pi/4, where theta_C is the Cabibbo angle, theta_{atm}+theta_{23}^{CKM}=pi/4 and theta_{13}^{MNS} ~ theta_{13}^{CKM} ~ O(lambda^3), in a perfect agreement with experimental data. Both non-Abelian and Abelian flavor symmetries are needed for such a prediction to be realistic. An example flavor model capable to explain this flavor mixing pattern, and to induce the measured quark and lepton masses, is outlined.
description: references added, title changed in journal
Microbial community dynamics in Saanich Inlet : insights into population structure and methane cycling in a seasonally anoxic fjord
Creators: name: Stilwell, Claire Patricia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: As the importance of oceanic environments to the regulation of global energy and nutrient dynamics is better understood, the critical role marine microbial communities play in cycling nutrients and regulating gas flux from oceans is becoming more apparent. With the prediction that rising atmospheric temperatures will cause an overall decrease in marine oxygen levels, the oxygen minimum zones (OMZ's) of today may represent oceanic environments of the future. To better understand the microbial dynamics of these environments, I undertook a spatial and temporal study of the microbial community in the water column of Saanich Inlet, a model OMZ. This inlet is seasonally anoxic, and is notable for microbial regulation of methane flux to the atmosphere. The microbial community was sampled in February 2006 at 4 depths spanning the oxycline, and molecular taxonomic analysis revealed that the bacterial groups present were very similar to other OMZ's. Overall, the proteobacteria were most abundant and sequences similar to Type-I and Type-II methanotrophs were detected at 10 m and 100 m. Relatives of sulfur-oxidizing bacterial endosymbionts, commonly found in other OMZ's almost completely dominated the community at 215 m. However, the absence of epsilon proteobacteria linked to sulfide oxidation was in contrast to other OMZ's. Members of the crenarchaea dominated the water column; and no methanogens or ANME groups belonging to the euryarchaea were detected. However, novel pmoA phylotypes detected at all 4 depths in Saanich Inlet, showed a depth distribution suggesting that aerobic methane oxidation is the primary component of the methane cycle occurring in the water column. Temporal data suggested that the microbial community is relatively stable and primarily distributed according to depth, and that methane and oxygen concentrations contribute to this distribution. Notably, a late summer deep-water turnover event in Saanich Inlet did affect the distribution of the microbial communities at 200 m.
Investigating the Release of Co-precipitated Uranium from Iron Oxides
Creators: name: Noubactep, C.
name: Schöner, A.
name: Dienemann, H.
name: Sauter, M.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2006

description: The removal of uranium (VI) in zerovalent iron permeable reactive barriers and wetlands can be explained by its association with iron oxides. The long term stability of this immobilized U is yet to be addressed. The presented study investigates the remobilization of U(VI) from iron oxides via diverse reaction pathways (acidification, reduction, complex formation) in the laboratory. Prior uranium co-precipitation experiments were conducted under various conditions. The addition of various amounts of a pH-shifting agent (pyrite), an iron complexing agent (EDTA) or an iron (III) reduction agent (TiCl3) yielded in uranium remobilisation to concentrations above the US EPA maximum allowed contaminant level (MCL = 30 mg/L). This study demonstrates that U(VI) release in nature will strongly depend on the conditions and the mechanism of its fixation by geological materials.
Physical Purification of Quantum States
Creators: name: Kleinmann, M.
name: Kampermann, H.
name: Meyer, T.
name: Bruss, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the concept of a physical process that purifies a mixed quantum state, taken from a set of states, and investigate the conditions under which such a purification map exists. Here, a purification of a mixed quantum state is a pure state in a higher-dimensional Hilbert space, the reduced density matrix of which is identical to the original state. We characterize all sets of mixed quantum states, for which perfect purification is possible. Surprisingly, some sets of two non-commuting states are among them. Furthermore, we investigate the possibility of performing an imperfect purification.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure; published version
Asteroceras Hyatt 1867
Creators: name: Fauré, Philippe
name: Sekatni, Nejla
name: Arfaoui, Mohamed Sabri
name: Alouani, Rabah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Psiloceratida
Arietitidae
Asteroceras

description: Genre Asteroceras Hyatt, 1867
 ESPÈCE TYPE. — Ammonites stellaris J. Sowerby, 1815, par désignation subséquente (Buckman 1911).
description: Published as part of Fauré, Philippe, Sekatni, Nejla, Arfaoui, Mohamed Sabri & Alouani, Rabah, 2021, Le Jurassique du Jebel Ressas (Tunisie). Identification du Sinémurien supérieur dans la Formation Zaghouan. Précisions stratigraphiques et paléobiogéographiques sur le Sinémurien de Tunisie, pp. 95-119 in Geodiversitas 43 (4) on page 105, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a4, http://zenodo.org/record/4555560
title: The divine horseman in the art of the western Roman Empire
Creators: name: Mackintosh, Majorie Carol
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1992

description: This thesis examines the image of the mounted god in the western provinces of the Roman Empire. Artists in the provinces often turned to Roman, actually Graeco-Roman, models when developing an iconographical form for local deities. The thesis investigates the transformation of Graeco-Roman imagery and looks at the way artists adapted the Roman forms which would have become familiar to them with the advance of the Roman army and Roman settlement in the provinces of the western part of the empire. The mounted gods discussed are the Celtic Mars and Jupiter, whose Roman names conceal their Celtic identity, Epona, the Dioscuri in the western Empire, the Thracian Rider and the Danubian Rider cult.
Eine vollständige Folge quartärer Sedimente in Ungarn
Creators: name: Rónai, Andreas
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1969

description: Seit 1964 erfolgt im Ungarischen Becken eine ausführliche Untersuchung der quartären und oberpliozänen Sedimente. Mehrere Bohrungen mit vollem Kerngewinn sind abgeteuft worden, davon eine bei der Gemeinde Jászladány. Sie erreichte eine Teufe von 950 m (Abb. 2). Das Material war außerordentlich reich an Fossilresten und gab Gelegenheit, die Klimageschichte des Quartärs im Ungarischen Becken zu entziffern. Da es sich hier um einen ständig sinkenden Krustenteil handelt, der zu einem mit limnischen, fluviatilen und äolischen Bildungen gefüllten Becken wurde, in welchem die Erosion entweder keine oder eine nur sehr geringe Rolle spielt, scheint die Klimageschichte komplett zu sein. Die Sedimentations-Zyklen, die sehr charakteristisch sind (Abb. 1), erlauben auch eine Klarstellung der Senkungsetappen. Das Pleistozän ist in der Bohrung Jászladány 424 m mächtig, das Holozän 8 m, insgesamt das Quartär 432 m. Diese Serie besteht aus 10 Sedimentationszyklen, die eine treppenartige Senkung darstellen (Abb. 3). Sediment-Material ist Lehm, Schluff und Feinsand, nur in den tiefsten Komplexen und an den Zyklengrenzen sind mittelkörnige Sande zu beobachten. Die mineralogische Zusammensetzung der Sande zeigt 11 wesentliche Änderungen des Abtragungsfeldes, die in Zusammenhang mit wechselseitigen tektonischen Bewegungen der Randgebiete stehen. Mit Hilfe der paläontologischen Daten kann man während des Quartärs 20—30 größere und kleinere klimatische Änderungen unterscheiden. Erstrangige Beweise dafür liefern die Pollen, die in sehr großer Zahl in den aus dem Quartär entnommenen Proben vorhanden sind. Die vielen klimatischen Perioden des Pleistozäns kann man in drei größeren Gruppen einreihen (Abb. 8): Die Schichten aus 8—129 m Teufe repräsentieren eine Klimaperiode mit im allgemeinen kalten und trockenen Klima mit einigen feuchteren und temperierten Perioden. Die Schichten von 129—285 m Teufe wurden während einer mäßig warmen und im allgemeinen trockenen Klimaperiode abgelagert. Während der Bildung der Schichten von 285—432 war das Klima warm, am Anfang und Ende feucht, in der Mitte meist trocken. Als Beweise dazu dienen die paläontologischen Tabellen und Abbildungen 4—7. Nach den heutigen Krustenbewegungen gerechnet kann die Zeitdauer der Sedimentation der quartären Schichten mit 1.3—1.4 Millionen Jahren geschätzt werden.
description: research
title: Effects of bank vegetation in waterways with special reference to bank erosion, shear strength, root density and channel hydraulics
Creators: name: Amarasinghe, Ivan
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1996

description: This study quantifies the erosion of banks of a river which are subjected to an experimental regime of diverse vegetative parameters. The main aspect of research is a spatial and temporal analysis of erosion under banks with natural vegetation, a cultivated wetland grass, denuded banks, and banks under the initial process of secondary succession. Two major spatial components of a river bank are identified relating to the moisture profile , prevalent at ambient flow levels. Comparisons are made on the rates of erosion during five temporal phases identified as of significance to riverbank erosion, prevalent hydrology and seasonality of plant growth in a temperate country. A process of slow but continuous : 'undercutting in the toe-region of naturally vegetated banks devoid of semi-aquatic fringe vegetation is identified. An attempt is made to identify the effects on bank stability of colonisation of a bare bank by a wetland grass from seedling to maturity. The currently recommended practice of encouragement of secondary succession on banks is studied with comparisons on changes of erosion rates over a period of 25 months. Pioneer colonisers, are identified. The effects of denudation on bank soil stability are monitored. A series of comparisons of erosion under the various vegetated and denuded banks are carried out in a range of possible permutations based on the defined spatial and temporal aspects. A subsidiary study attempts to quantify the effects of bank vegetation of significance in civil engineering practice. The need to quantify the effects of non-structural modes of bank lining in terms of structural engineering terminology is identified. Bank shear strength in situ, its variation on the bank profile with variations of moisture content is studied. The role of roots of bank vegetation with special reference to possible effects on bank shear strength is addressed. It is concluded that there is no clear correlation between shear strength and erosion. Shear strength of the upper bank as measured in situ, by a shear vane, is reduced subject to a long period of submergence. Th e presence of bank vegetation may compensate for any reduction in shear strength in terms of critical bank stability. The need to identify other functions of roots, in relation to bank stability rather than shear strength alone, is identified. The presence of the phyllo sphere as a skeletal yet effective physical barrier between the bank and the water is identified as the main negator of winter erosion on vegetated banks.
Accelerated expansion from braneworld models with variable vacuum energy
Creators: name: de Leon, J. Ponce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In braneworld models a variable vacuum energy may appear if the size of the extra dimension changes during the evolution of the universe. In this scenario the acceleration of the universe is related not only to the variation of the cosmological term, but also to the time evolution of $G$ and, possibly, to the variation of other fundamental "constants" as well. This is because the expansion rate of the extra dimension appears in different contexts, notably in expressions concerning the variation of rest mass and electric charge. We concentrate our attention on spatially-flat, homogeneous and isotropic, brane-universes where the matter density decreases as an inverse power of the scale factor, similar (but at different rate) to the power law in FRW-universes of general relativity. We show that these braneworld cosmologies are consistent with the observed accelerating universe and other observational requirements. In particular, $G$ becomes constant and $Λ_{(4)} \approx const \times H^2$ asymptotically in time. Another important feature is that the models contain no "adjustable" parameters. All the quantities, even the five-dimensional ones, can be evaluated by means of measurements in 4D. We provide precise constrains on the cosmological parameters and demonstrate that the "effective" equation of state of the universe can, in principle, be determined by measurements of the deceleration parameter alone. We give an explicit expression relating the density parameters $Ω_ρ$, $Ω_Λ$ and the deceleration parameter $q$. These results constitute concrete predictions that may help in observations for an experimental/observational test of the model.
description: References added, typos corrected