cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Causal Order Identification to Address Confounding: Binary Variables
Creators: name: Suzuki, Joe
name: Inaoka, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper considers an extension of the linear non-Gaussian acyclic model (LiNGAM) that determines the causal order among variables from a dataset when the variables are expressed by a set of linear equations, including noise. In particular, we assume that the variables are binary. The existing LiNGAM assumes that no confounding is present, which is restrictive in practice. Based on the concept of independent component analysis (ICA), this paper proposes an extended framework in which the mutual information among the noises is minimized. Another significant contribution is to reduce the realization of the shortest path problem. The distance between each pair of nodes expresses an associated mutual information value, and the path with the minimum sum (KL divergence) is sought. Although $p!$ mutual information values should be compared, this paper dramatically reduces the computation when no confounding is present. The proposed algorithm finds the globally optimal solution, while the existing locally greedily seek the order based on hypothesis testing. We use the best estimator in the sense of Bayes/MDL that correctly detects independence for mutual information estimation. Experiments using artificial and actual data show that the proposed version of LiNGAM achieves significantly better performance, particularly when confounding is present.
Grønne fællesskaber i byen: Civilt engagement og medborgerskab bynatur og urban økologi (GrønBy)
Creators: Troels Krarup, Sociologisk Institut, Københavns Universitet
Publisher: name: Rigsarkivet
Year: 2022

description: Empirisk set har projektet til formål at kortlægge og analysere det civile engagement i bynatur i Danmark. Det overordnede formål med spørgeskemaundersøgelsen - som led i det samlede projekt - er at afdække hvilke divergerende eller overlappende ønsker til fremtidens bynatur trives bredt i den danske (by-)befolkning. Derudover har undersøgelsen til formål at kortlægge, hvilke forskellige typer af engagement (følelsesmæssigt, privat, civilt, holdningsmæssigt, politisk), danske byboere har i lokale grønne områder og hvordan de evt. overlapper og spiller sammen.
Plads til forskellighed. Evaluering af indsatsen i satspuljeprojektet Mestring af skoledag og hverdagsliv
Creators: Styrelsen for undervisning og kvalitet (STUK)
Lasse Hønge Flarup (Vive)
Publisher: name: Rigsarkivet
Year: 2022

description: Projektet er evalueringen af VIA University Colleges lodtrækningsbaserede indsats ”Plads til forskellighed – Inkluderende fællesskaber”, som Undervisningsministeriet har igangsat i kraft af satspuljeprojektet ”Mestring af skoledag og hverdagsliv”. Satspuljeprojektet har til formål at skabe systematisk viden om, hvordan læringsmiljøet i de almindelige klasser kan udvikles og blive mere inkluderende læringsfællesskaber.

Indsatsen indebærer kort fortalt udvikling og gennemførelse af et opkvalificeringsforløb for resourcepersoner (lærere og pædagoger) i de tilmeldte indsatsklasser og har til formål at udvikle og afprøve en inkluderende, klasserettet metode i indskolingsklasser, hvor to eller flere børn har ADHD, autismespektrumforstyrrelser (ASF) eller lignende vanskeligheder. Med udgangspunkt i en fælles ramme udvikles de pædagogiske indsatser i indsatsklasserne, så den tilpasses den lokale kontekst. Der er ikke tale om én homogen og veldefineret indsats, men en indsats med stor lokal variation i de enkelte klasser.

Forskningsprojektet/Evalueringen har til formål at undersøge, i hvilken grad indsatsen lever op til forventningerne med hensyn til implementering, virkning og effekt for eleverne.
Optimal blowup stability for three-dimensional wave maps
Creators: name: Donninger, Roland
name: Wallauch, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study corotational wave maps from $(1+3)$-dimensional Minkowski space into the three-sphere. We establish the asymptotic stability of an explicitly known self-similar wave map under perturbations that are small in the critical Sobolev space. This is accomplished by proving Strichartz estimates for a radial wave equation with a potential in similarity coordinates. Compared to earlier work, the main novelty lies with the fact that the critical Sobolev space is of fractional order.
Torvosaurus tanneri Galton and Jensen 1979
Creators: name: McIntosh, John S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1981
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Dinosauria
Megalosauridae
Torvosaurus
Torvosaurus tanneri

description: Genus Torvosaurus Galton and Jensen, 1979  Torvosaurus tanneri Galton and Jensen, 1979 14955 Cast of a very large claw (original BYU 2020) from the Morrison Formation at Lily Park, Moffat County, Colorado. Figured by Galton and Jensen—Brigham Young Univ. Geol. Studies (1979), 26(1): Fig. 1M. Presented by James Jensen, 1963
description: Published as part of John S. McIntosh, 1981, Annotated catalogue of the dinosaurs (Reptilia, Archosauria) in the collections of Carnegie Museum of Natural History, pp. 1-67 in Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 18 on page 8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3943059
description: {"references": ["Galton, P. M., and J. A. Jensen. 1979. A new large theropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Colorado. Brigham Young Univ. Geol. Studies, 26 (1): 1 - 12."]}
Unruh-DeWitt detector's response to a non-relativistic particle
Creators: name: Xu, Qidong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unruh-DeWitt (UDW) detector that couples locally to a quantum field is an important tool for operationally studying field properties. Here, we study the response of an inertial UDW detector to a non-relativistic particle state of a massive scalar field and we find that the transition probability of the detector splits into the vacuum contribution and the matter contribution. We show that the matter part oscillates with the interaction time duration and the oscillation period depends on the difference between the mass of the particle and the energy gap of the detector; a strong resonance pattern for the transition probability is found when such difference equals to zero. We compare the matter part contribution with the non-relativistic probability density of the particle and find that they provide qualitatively similar description of the particle.
description: 7+2 pages, 5 figures. Accepted in Phys. Rev. D
Måling af pesticidrester i fødevarer på det danske marked, 2004-2020
Creators: Fødevarestyrelsen
Fødevareinstituttet (Danmarks Tekniske Universitet)
Publisher: name: Rigsarkivet
Year: 2022

description: Systemets primære funktion er at konvertere oplysninger om FVSTs prøveoplysninger og analyseresultater fra FVSTs kontrol af pesticidrester i fødevarer på det danske marked på en sådan måde, at data kan videresendes til EFSA (European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italien) Sekundært at tilvejebringe data til FVSTs og DTUs risikokommunikation samt DTUs forskning.
Non-equilibrium transport through a point contact in the $ν=5/2$ non-Abelian quantum Hall state
Creators: name: Feiguin, Adrian
name: Fendley, Paul
name: Fisher, Matthew P. A.
name: Nayak, Chetan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze charge-$e/4$ quasiparticle tunneling between the edges of a point contact in a non-Abelian model of the $ν=5/2$ quantum Hall state. We map this problem to resonant tunneling between attractive Luttinger liquids and use the time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method to compute the current through the point contact in the presence of a {\it finite voltage difference} between the two edges. We confirm that, as the voltage is decreases, the system is broken into two pieces coupled by electron hopping. In the limits of small and large voltage, we recover the results expected from perturbation theory about the infrared and ultraviolet fixed points. We test our methods by finding the analogous non-equilibrium current through a point contact in a $ν=1/3$ quantum Hall state, confirming the Bethe ansatz solution of the problem.
Ceratosaurus nasicornis Marsh 1884
Creators: name: McIntosh, John S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1981
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Dinosauria
Ceratosauridae
Ceratosaurus
Ceratosaurus nasicornis

description: Genus Ceratosaurus Marsh, 1884  Ceratosaurus nasicornis Marsh , 1884 21706 Incomplete dentary from the Morrison Formation at the Marsh-Felch Quarry, Garden Park, north of Canon City, Fremont County, Colorado. Collected by Utterback, 1901
description: Published as part of John S. McIntosh, 1981, Annotated catalogue of the dinosaurs (Reptilia, Archosauria) in the collections of Carnegie Museum of Natural History, pp. 1-67 in Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 18 on page 8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3943059
Rigidity of mapping class groups mod powers of twists
Creators: name: Mangioni, Giorgio
name: Sisto, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65 (Primary), 57K20 (Secondary)

description: We study quotients of mapping class groups of punctured spheres by suitable large powers of Dehn twists, showing an analogue of Ivanov's theorem for the automorphisms of the corresponding quotients of curve graphs. Then we use this result to prove quasi-isometric rigidity of these quotients, answering a question of Behrstock, Hagen, Martin, and Sisto in the case of punctured spheres. Finally, we show that the automorphism groups of our quotients of mapping class groups are "small", as are their abstract commensurators. This is again an analogue of a theorem of Ivanov about the automorphism group of the mapping class group. In the process we develop techniques to extract combinatorial data from a quasi-isometry of a hierarchically hyperbolic space, and use them to give a different proof of a result of Bowditch about quasi-isometric rigidity of pants graphs of punctured spheres.
description: 68 pages, 30 figures. V3: rearranged to match published version (Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., Sect. A, Math.). The proof of quasi-isometric rigidity of pants graphs is now an Appendix. Comments are encouraged!
High-resolution simulations of galaxy mergers: Resolving globular cluster formation
Creators: name: Bournaud, F.
name: Duc, P. -A.
name: Emsellem, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive star clusters observed in galaxy mergers are often suggested to be progenitors of globular clusters. To study this hypothesis, we performed the highest resolution simulation of a gas-rich galaxy merger so far. The formation of massive star clusters of 10^5 to 10^7 Mo, triggered by the galaxy interaction, is directly resolved in this model. We show that these clusters are tightly bound structures with little net rotation, due to evolve into compact long-lived stellar systems. Massive clusters formed in galaxy mergers are thus robust candidates for progenitors of long-lived globular clusters. The simulated cluster mass spectrum is consistent with theory and observations. Tidal dwarf galaxies of 10^8-9 Mo can form at the same time, and appear to be part of a different class of objects, being more extended and rotating.
description: MNRAS letters accepted. Version with high-resolution figures available at http://aramis.obspm.fr/~bournaud/GC.pdf
An Improved note segmentation and normalization for Query-by-Humming
Creators: name: Nattha Phiwma And Parinya Sanguansat
Publisher: name: Rangsit University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Query-by-Humming, melody contour, Dynamic Time Warping, pitch, Subharmonic-to-Harmonic Ratio, note segmentation

description: 2, 1, Rangsit Journal of Arts and Sciences
Centrale Skatteyderregister - Persondelen
Creators: Skatteforvaltningen
Kildeskattedirektoratet
Statsskattedirektoratet
Told- og Skattestyrelsen
Publisher: name: Rigsarkivet
Year: 2022

description: Formålet med CSR-P er at registrere oplysninger om persondata for samtlige skatteydere et sted. CSR-P bruges som centralt stamregister, når SKAT henvender sig til borgerne. Desuden bruges det til diverse kontroller
i forbindelse med beregning af skatteborgernes ligningsmæssige forhold.
An Islamic Feminist Critique of the Work of Nawal El Saadawi
Creators: name: Shehata, Asmaa
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2021
Subjects: Nawal El Sadaawi
Classical Qur'anic exgesis
women's rights in Islam
Islamic feminists
marriage
divorce
polygamy
inheritance shares
veiling

description: This thesis provides a critique of Nawal El Saadawi’s writings regarding the issue of women’s rights in Islam. The study’s goal is twofold: 1) to examine how Muslim women’s rights are viewed by Nawal El Saadawi, who is a prominent feminist scholar in the Middle East and is widely known for her fierce campaigns demanding equal gender rights in what she calls a male-dominated society, and 2) to discuss her arguments within an Islamic framework that includes two strands of interpretations of gender-specific verses of the Qur’an: traditional and modern. To this end, I use a content analysis approach to explore how the Arab feminist, Nawal El Saadawi, perceives five controversial issues -i.e., marriage, polygamy, and divorce, inheritance rights, and veiling- as opposed to the Islamic faith as presented by classical scholars (i.e., Muhammad ibn Jarir Al Tabari (839-923 CE) and Ismail ibn Umar Ibn Kathir (C 1300-1373) as well as contemporary Muslim feminists including Amina Wadud and Azizah Al Hibri. Findings display that Nawal El Saadawi's arguments contradict the classical readings of the Qur'an as demonstrated by Al Tabari and Ibn Kathir on the one hand, and the views of contemporary Muslim feminists on the other hand. While El Saadawi considers marriage in Islam, for example, as an oppressive institution that denies a woman's right to choose her partner and turns her life into a servant, traditional and modern scholars' interpretations of the Qur'an disagree with her and assert the opposite. Findings also show that El-Saadawi's claims not only contradict the views of classical and contemporary scholars, but also contradict each other. For instance, El Saadawi (2002) criticizes Islam for several issues such as marriage and divorce and accuses it of being behind the backwardness of Muslim women. However, she praises the era of the Prophet Muhammad and his early successors, which she described as the best era in which Muslim women were treated fairly.
Theropoda Marsb 1881
Creators: name: McIntosh, John S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1981
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Theropoda

description: Under study by J. Madsen 21704 Cranium, cervicals 1-6, five articulated dorsals. The remainder of this specimen was transferred to the Royal Ontario Museum. It came from the Morrison Formation on the west side of Nielsen Gulch northeast of the Carnegie Museum Quarry at Dinosaur National Monument, Uintah County, Utah. Collected by Douglass et al.
description: Published as part of John S. McIntosh, 1981, Annotated catalogue of the dinosaurs (Reptilia, Archosauria) in the collections of Carnegie Museum of Natural History, pp. 1-67 in Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 18 on page 8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3943059
Andreev Reflections in NbN/graphene Junctions under Large Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Wang, Da
name: Telford, Evan J.
name: Benyamini, Avishai
name: Jesudasan, John
name: Raychaudhuri, Pratap
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Hone, James
name: Dean, Cory R.
name: Pasupathy, Abhay N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hybrid superconductor/graphene (SC/g) junctions are excellent candidates for investigating correlations between Cooper pairs and quantum Hall (QH) edge modes. Experimental studies are challenging as Andreev reflections are extremely sensitive to junction disorder and high magnetic fields are required to form QH edge states. We fabricated low-resistance SC/g interfaces, composed of graphene edge contacted with NbN with a barrier strength of $Z\approx 0.4$, that remain superconducting under magnetic fields larger than $18$ T. We establish the role of graphene's Dirac band structure on zero-field Andreev reflections and demonstrate dynamic tunability of the Andreev reflection spectrum by moving the boundary between specular and retro Andreev reflections with parallel magnetic fields. Through the application of perpendicular magnetic fields, we observe an oscillatory suppression of the 2-probe conductance in the $ν= 4$ Landau level attributed to the reduced efficiency of Andreev processes at the NbN/g interface, consistent with theoretical predictions.
Posets from Admissible Coxeter Sequences
Creators: name: Macauley, Matthew
name: Mortveit, Henning S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F55, 06A06, 05C20

description: We study the equivalence relation on the set of acyclic orientations of an undirected graph G generated by source-to-sink conversions. These conversions arise in the contexts of admissible sequences in Coxeter theory, quiver representations, and asynchronous graph dynamical systems. To each equivalence class we associate a poset, characterize combinatorial properties of these posets, and in turn, the admissible sequences. This allows us to construct an explicit bijection from the equivalence classes over G to those over G' and G", the graphs obtained from G by edge deletion and edge contraction of a fixed cycle-edge, respectively. This bijection yields quick and elegant proofs of two non-trivial results: (i) A complete combinatorial invariant of the equivalence classes, and (ii) a solution to the conjugacy problem of Coxeter elements for simply-laced Coxeter groups. The latter was recently proven by H. Eriksson and K. Eriksson using a much different approach.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures. Several examples have been added
Capturing vertical information in radially symmetric flow using hyperbolic shallow water moment equations
Creators: name: Verbiest, Rik
name: Koellermeier, Julian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 76D05, 35L65, 65M08, 35B06

description: Models for shallow water flow often assume that the lateral velocity is constant over the water height. The recently derived shallow water moment equations are an extension of these standard shallow water equations. The extended models allow for vertical changes in the lateral velocity, resulting in a system that is more accurate in situations where the horizontal velocity varies considerably over the height of the fluid. Unfortunately, already the one-dimensional models lack global hyperbolicity, an important property of partial differential equations that ensures that disturbances have a finite propagation speed. In this paper we show that the loss of hyperbolicity also occurs in two-dimensional axisymmetric systems. First, a cylindrical moment model is obtained by starting from the cylindrical incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. We derive two-dimensional axisymmetric Shallow Water Moment Equations by imposing axisymmetry in the cylindrical model. The loss of hyperbolicity is observed by directly evaluating the propagation speeds and plotting the hyperbolicity region. A hyperbolic axisymmetric moment model is then obtained by modifying the system matrix in analogy to the one-dimensional case, for which the hyperbolicity problem has already been observed and overcome. The new model is written in analytical form and we prove that hyperbolicity can be guaranteed. To test the new model, numerical simulations with both discontinuous and continuous initial data are performed. We show that the hyperbolic model leads to less oscillations than the non-hyperbolic model in the case of a discontinuous initial height profile. The hyperbolic model is preferred over the non-hyperbolic model in this specific scenario for shorter times. Further, we observe that the error decreases when the order of the model is increased in a test case with smooth initial data.
description: 36 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Biomimetic oxygen delivery nanoparticles for enhancing photodynamic therapy in triple-negative breast cancer
Creators: name: Fang, Hanyi
name: Gai, Yongkang
name: Wang, Sheng
name: Liu, Qingyao
name: Zhang, Xiao
name: Ye, Min
name: Tan, Jianling
name: Long, Yu
name: Wang, Kuanyin
name: Zhang, Yongxue
name: Lan, Xiaoli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Stabilities in dark conditions. The absorbance of ICG in a CCm–HSA–ICG–PFTBA, b HSA–ICG–PFTBA, c HSA–ICG, and d ICG. e Normalized absorption of CCm–HSA–ICG–PFTBA, HSA–ICG–PFTBA, HSA–ICG, and ICG stored in dark till 60 h. Fig. S2. a In vivo coronal 18F-FMISO PET/CT images of TNBC xenografts before and after 24 h injection of the CCm–HSA–ICG–PFTBA, HSA–ICG–PFTBA, HSA–ICG, and saline. White arrows indicated tumor sites. Red arrows and L indicated livers. b The quantitative analysis of liver SUVmax of CCm–HSA–ICG–PFTBA, HSA–ICG–PFTBA, HSA–ICG, and saline groups in the pre and post 18F-FMISO PET/CT imaging. Fig. S3. Immunofluorescence images of tumor slices stained by the hypoxyprobe. The blood vessels and hypoxia areas were stained with anti-CD31 antibody (red) and antipimonidazole antibody (green), respectively. Scale bars = 100 μm. Fig. S4. 18F-FDG PET imaging. 4T1 xenograft mice were treated with CCm–HSA–ICG–PFTBA, HSA–ICG–PFTBA, HSA–ICG, and saline with or without NIR laser irradiation. 18F-FDG PET imaging was performed at a day 2, b day 7, and c day 14 after treatment (white arrows point to the tumors).
Prospects and pitfalls of gravitational lensing in large supernova surveys
Creators: name: Jonsson, Jakob
name: Kronborg, Taia
name: Mortsell, Edvard
name: Sollerman, Jesper
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To investigate the effect of gravitational lensing of supernovae in large ongoing surveys, we simulate the effect of gravitational lensing magnification on individual supernovae using observational data input from two large supernova surveys. To estimate the magnification due to matter in the foreground, we simulate galaxy catalogs and compute the magnification along individual lines of sight using the multiple lens plane algorithm. The dark matter haloes of the galaxies are modelled as gravitational lenses using singular isothermal sphere or Navarro-Frenk-White profiles. Scaling laws between luminosity and mass, provided by Faber-Jackson and Tully-Fisher relations, are used to estimate the masses of the haloes. While our simulations show that the SDSSII supernova survey is marginally affected by gravitational lensing, we find that the effect will be measurable in the SNLS survey that probes higher redshifts. Our simulations show that the probability to measure a significant (3 sigma) correlation between the Hubble diagram residuals and the calculated lensing magnification is ~95% in the SNLS data. Moreover, with this data it should be possible to constrain the normalisation of the masses of the lensing galaxy haloes at the 1 sigma and 2 sigma confidence level with ~30% and ~60% accuracy, respectively.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, submitted to A & A
Near total reflection X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: Quantifying chemistry at solid/liquid and solid/solid interfaces
Creators: name: Martins, Henrique P.
name: Conti, Giuseppina
name: Cordova, Isvar
name: Falling, Lorenz
name: Kersell, Heath
name: Salmassi, Farhad
name: Gullikson, Eric
name: Vishik, Inna
name: Baeumer, Christoph
name: Naulleau, Patrick
name: Schneider, Claus M.
name: Nemsak, Slavomir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near total reflection regime has been widely used in X-ray science, specifically in grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering and in hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In this work, we introduce some practical aspects of using near total reflection in ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and apply this technique to study chemical concentration gradients in a substrate/photoresist system. Experimental data are accompanied by X-ray optical and photoemission simulations to quantitatively probe the photoresist and the interface with the depth accuracy of ~1 nm. Together, our calculations and experiments confirm that near total reflection X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is a suitable method to extract information from buried interfaces with highest depth-resolution, which can help address open research questions regarding our understanding of concentration profiles, electrical gradients, and charge transfer phenomena at such interfaces. The presented methodology is especially attractive for solid/liquid interface studies, since it provides all the strengths of a Bragg-reflection standing-wave spectroscopy without the need of an artificial multilayer mirror serving as a standing wave generator, thus dramatically simplifying the sample synthesis.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures Supplemental Information
Truncated Heat Kernel and One-Loop Determinants for the BTZ Geometry
Creators: name: Bytsenko, A. A.
name: Guimaraes, M. E. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a special relation between the spectrum and the {\it truncated} heat kernel of the Euclidean BTZ black hole with the Patterson-Selberg zeta function. Using an orbifold description of this relation we calculate the on-shell corrections of the gravitational quantum fluctuations.
description: 10 pages. To appear in the European Phys. J. C
Pilot-Free Unsourced Random Access Via Dictionary Learning and Error-Correcting Codes
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhentian
name: Dang, Jian
name: Zhang, Zaichen
name: Wu, Liang
name: Zhu, Bingcheng
name: Wang, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Massive machine-type communications (mMTC) or massive access is a critical scenario in the fifth generation (5G) and the future cellular network. With the surging density of devices from millions to billions, unique pilot allocation becomes inapplicable in the user ID-incorporated grant-free random access protocol. Unsourced random access (URA) manifests itself by focusing only on unwrapping the received signals via a common codebook. In this paper, we propose a URA protocol for a massive access cellular system equipped with multiple antennas at the base station. The proposed scheme encompasses a codebook enabling construction of sparse transmission frame, a receiver equipped with dictionary learning and error-correcting codes and a collision resolution strategy for the collided codeword. Discrepant to the existing schemes with necessary overhead for preamble signals, no overhead or pre-defined pilot sequences are needed in the proposed scheme, which is favorable for energy-efficient transmission and latency reduction. Numerical results verify the viability of the proposed scheme in practical massive access scenario.
Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn 1905
Creators: name: McIntosh, John S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1981
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Dinosauria
Tyrannosauridae
Tyrannosaurus
Tyrannosaurus rex

description: Family Tyrannosauridae Genus Tyrannosaurus Osborn, 1905 Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, 1905 9380 Skeleton consisting of partial skull and mandible, one cervical, seven dorsals, five sacrals, three abdominal ribs, right scapula, left humerus, ilia, pubes, ischia, left femur and part of right, tibia, right metatarsals II and III, left metatarsal IV. Type specimen. It was collected in the Lance Formation at Hell Creek, Garfield County, Montana, and was described and figured by Osborn—Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. (1905), 21:262-263, Fig. 1; Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. (1906), 22:281-296, Figs. 1-12; Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. (1917), 35:762-771, Figs. 19-21; Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., n.s. (1912), l: Figs. 20-24. This skeleton (formerly AMNH 973), obtained from the American Museum of Natural History, is mounted and was placed on exhibition in 1942. Collected by B. Brown, 1902-1903 9379 Brain cast of AMNH 5029 collected in the Lance Formation (Hell Creek beds) on the west side of Big Dry Creek, 44 mi south of Glasgow, Garfield County, Montana. This cast was also obtained from the American Museum of Natural History and was figured by Osborn—Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., n.s. (1912), 1:13-24, Pls. 3-4 and Figs. 16­ 17. Original collected by Brown and Kaisen, 1908 1400 Part of the skull including the maxilla, cranium and both lower jaws, two dorsals, seven caudals, ribs, chevrons, part of pubis, ilium, femur, and other bones. It was obtained from the Lance Formation on Snyder Creek, Niobrara County, Wyoming. The upper jaw is on exhibition. Collected by Peterson, 1902 244 A phalanx from the Lance Formation on Lance Creek, Niobrara County, Wyoming. Collected by Hatcher, 1900
description: Published as part of John S. McIntosh, 1981, Annotated catalogue of the dinosaurs (Reptilia, Archosauria) in the collections of Carnegie Museum of Natural History, pp. 1-67 in Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 18 on pages 8-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3943059
description: {"references": ["Peterson, O. A., and C. W. Gilmore. 1902. Elosaurus parvus, a new genus and species of the Sauropoda. Ann. Carnegie Mus., 1: 490 - 499.", "Hatcher, J. B. 1900 a. The Carnegie Museum paleontological expedition of 1900. Science, n. s., 12: 718 - 720."]}
Operational Quantum Reference Frame Transformations
Creators: name: Carette, Titouan
name: Głowacki, Jan
name: Loveridge, Leon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum reference frames are needed in quantum theory for much the same reasons that reference frames are in classical theories: to manifest invariance in line with fundamental relativity principles and to provide a basis for the definition of observable quantities. Though around since the 1960s, and used in a wide range of applications, only recently has the means for transforming descriptions between different quantum reference frames been tackled in detail. In this work, we provide a general, operationally motivated framework for quantum reference frames and their transformations, holding for locally compact groups. The work is built around the notion of operational equivalence, in which quantum states that cannot be physically distinguished are identified. For example, we describe the collection of relative observables as a subspace of the algebra of invariants on the composite of system and frame, and from here the set of relative states is constructed through the identification of states which cannot be distinguished by relative observables. Through the notion of framed observables -- the formation of joint observables of system and frame -- of which the relative observables can be understood as examples, quantum reference frame transformations are then maps between equivalence classes of relative states which respect the framing. We give an explicit realisation in the setting that the initial frame admits a highly localized state with respect to the frame observable. The transformations are invertible exactly when the final frame also has such a localizability property. The procedure we present is in operational agreement with other recent inequivalent constructions on the domain of common applicability, but extends them in a number of ways, and weakens claims of entanglement generation through frame changes.
Additional file 2 of Prevalence of sarcopenia in Chinese community-dwelling elderly: a systematic review
Creators: name: Ren, Xiaoyu
name: Zhang, Xianliang
name: He, Qiang
name: Du, Litao
name: Chen, Ke
name: Chen, Si
name: Pan, Yang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Subgroup analysis of the prevalence of Sarcopenia by study year.
Cold Molecular Gas in Merger Remnants. II. The properties of dense molecular gas
Creators: name: Ueda, Junko
name: Iono, Daisuke
name: Yun, Min S.
name: Michiyama, Tomonari
name: Watanabe, Yoshimasa
name: Snell, Ronald L.
name: Rosa-Gonzalez, Daniel
name: Saito, Toshiki
name: Vega, Olga
name: Yamashita, Takuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the 3 mm wavelength spectra of 28 local galaxy merger remnants obtained with the Large Millimeter Telescope. Fifteen molecular lines from 13 different molecular species and isotopologues were identified, and 21 out of 28 sources were detected in one or more molecular lines. On average, the line ratios of the dense gas tracers, such as HCN (1-0) and HCO$^{+}$(1-0), to $^{13}$CO (1-0) are 3-4 times higher in ultra/luminous infrared galaxies (U/LIRGs) than in non-LIRGs in our sample. These high line ratios could be explained by the deficiency of $^{13}$CO and high dense gas fractions suggested by high HCN (1-0)/$^{12}$CO (1-0) ratios. We calculate the IR-to-HCN (1-0) luminosity ratio as a proxy of the dense gas star formation efficiency. There is no correlation between the IR/HCN ratio and the IR luminosity, while the IR/HCN ratio varies from source to source (1.1-6.5) $\times 10^{3}$ $L_{\odot}$/(K km s$^{-1}$ pc$^{2}$). Compared with the control sample, we find that the average IR/HCN ratio of the merger remnants is higher by a factor of 2-3 than those of the early/mid-stage mergers and non-merging LIRGs, and it is comparable to that of the late-stage mergers. The IR-to-$^{12}$CO (1-0) ratios show a similar trend to the IR/HCN ratios. These results suggest that star formation efficiency is enhanced by the merging process and maintained at high levels even after the final coalescence. The dynamical interactions and mergers could change the star formation mode and continue to impact the star formation properties of the gas in the post-merger phase.
description: 31 pages, 9 Figures, 7 tables, accepted for publication in ApJS
Partial regularity for the Navier-Stokes-Fourier system
Creators: name: Consiglieri, Luisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 76D03, 35Q30, 80A20

description: This paper addresses a nonstationary flow of heat-conductive incompressible Newtonian fluid with temperature-dependent viscosity coupled with linear heat transfer with advection and a viscous heat source term, under Navier/Dirichlet boundary conditions. The partial regularity for the velocity of the fluid is proved to each proper weak solution, that is, for such weak solutions which satisfy some local energy estimates in a similar way to the suitable weak solutions of the Navier-Stokes system. Finally, we study the nature of the set of points in space and time upon which proper weak solutions could be singular.
description: 25 pages, v2: Navier/Dirichlet boundary conditions replace homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions
The Generic Isogeny Decomposition of the Prym Variety of a Cyclic Branched Covering
Creators: name: Alexandrou, Theodosis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $f\colon S'\longrightarrow S$ be a cyclic branched covering of smooth projective surfaces over $\mathbb{C}$ whose branch locus $Δ\subset S$ is a smooth ample divisor. Pick a very ample complete linear system $|\mathcal{H}|$ on $S$, such that the polarized surface $(S, |\mathcal{H}|)$ is not a scroll nor has rational hyperplane sections. For the general member $[C]\in|\mathcal{H}|$ consider the $μ_{n}$-equivariant isogeny decomposition of the Prym variety $Prym(C'/C)$ of the induced covering $f\colon C'= f^{-1}(C)\longrightarrow C$:\[Prym(C'/C)\sim\prod_{d|n,\ d\neq1}\mathcal{P}_{d}(C'/C).\] We show that for the very general member $[C]\in|\mathcal{H}|$ the isogeny component $\mathcal{P}_{d}(C'/C)$ is $μ_{d}$-simple with $End_{μ_{d}}(\mathcal{P}_{d}(C'/C))\cong\mathbb{Z}[ζ_{d}]$. In addition, for the non-ample case we reformulate the result by considering the identity component of the kernel of the map $\mathcal{P}_{d}(C'/C)\subset Jac(C')\longrightarrow Alb(S')$.
description: 13 pages, corrected a typo in the paper's title, comments are welcome
Entangling cavity-magnon polaritons by interacting with phonons
Creators: name: Zuo, Xuan
name: Fan, Zhi-Yuan
name: Qian, Hang
name: Shen, Rui-Chang
name: Li, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to entangle two cavity-magnon polaritons (CMPs) formed by two strongly coupled microwave cavity and magnon modes. This is realized by introducing vibration phonons, via magnetostriction, into the system that are dispersively coupled to the magnon mode. Stationary entanglement between two CMPs can be achieved when they are respectively resonant with the two sidebands of the drive field scattered by the phonons, and when the proportions of the cavity and magnon modes in the two polaritons are appropriately chosen. The entangled CMPs are macroscopic quantum states as the magnon mode contains a large number of spins, and can lead to the emission of frequency-entangled microwave photons, which find broad applications in microwave quantum information processing and quantum metrology.
description: accepted to Quantum Sci. Technol
Future Evolution of Bound Superclusters in an Accelerating Universe
Creators: name: Araya-Melo, Pablo A.
name: Reisenegger, Andreas
name: Meza, Andres
name: van de Weygaert, Rien
name: Dünner, Rolando
name: Quintana, Hernan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of marginally bound supercluster-like objects in an accelerating LambdaCDM Universe is followed, by means of cosmological simulations, from the present time to an expansion factor a = 100. The objects are identified on the basis of the binding density criterion introduced by Dunner et al. (2006). superclusters are identified with the ones whose mass M > 10^15 M_sun/h, the most massive one with M ~ 8x10^15 M_sun/h, comparable to the Shapley supercluster. The spatial distribution of the superclusters remains essentially the same after the present epoch, reflecting the halting growth of the Cosmic Web as Lambda gets to dominate the expansion of the Universe. The same trend can be seen in the stagnation of the development of the mass function of virialized haloes and bound objects. The situation is considerably different when looking at the internal evolution, quantified in terms of their shape, compactness and density profile, and substructure in terms of their multiplicity function. We find a continuing evolution from a wide range of triaxial shapes at a = 1 to almost perfect spherical shapes at a = 100. We also find a systematic trend towards a higher concentration. Meanwhile, we see their substructure gradually disappearing, as the surrounding subclumps fall in and merge to form one coherent, virialized system.
description: 27 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS, revised version after referee report
Automorphisms of fine curve graphs for nonorientable surfaces
Creators: name: Kimura, Mitsuaki
name: Kuno, Erika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65, 57K20, 57S05

description: The fine curve graph of a surface was introduced by Bowden, Hensel, and Webb as a graph consisting of essential simple closed curves on the surface. Long, Margalit, Pham, Verberne, and Yao proved that the automorphism group of the fine curve graph of a closed orientable surface is isomorphic to the homeomorphism group of the surface. In this paper, based on their argument, we prove that the automorphism group of the fine curve graph of a closed nonorientable surface $N$ of genus $g \geq 4$ is isomorphic to the homeomorphism group of $N$.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2108.04872 by other authors
Radial thermal expansion of single-walled carbon nanotube bundles at low temperatures
Creators: name: Dolbin, A. V.
name: Esel'son, V. B.
name: Gavrilko, V. G.
name: Manzhelii, V. G.
name: Vinnikov, N. A.
name: Popov, S. N.
name: Sundqvist, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The linear coefficient of the radial thermal expansion has been measured on a system of SWNT bundles in an interval of 2.2 - 120K. The measurement was performed using a dilatometer with a sensitivity of 2*10-9 cm. The cylindrical sample 7 mm high and 10 mm in diameter was obtained by compressing powder. The resulting bundles of the nanotubes were oriented perpendicular to the sample axis. The starting powder contained over 90% of SWNTs with the outer diameter 1.1 nm, the length varying within 5-30 um.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Snacks: a fast large-scale kernel SVM solver
Creators: name: Tanji, Sofiane
name: Della Vecchia, Andrea
name: Glineur, François
name: Villa, Silvia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Kernel methods provide a powerful framework for non parametric learning. They are based on kernel functions and allow learning in a rich functional space while applying linear statistical learning tools, such as Ridge Regression or Support Vector Machines. However, standard kernel methods suffer from a quadratic time and memory complexity in the number of data points and thus have limited applications in large-scale learning. In this paper, we propose Snacks, a new large-scale solver for Kernel Support Vector Machines. Specifically, Snacks relies on a Nyström approximation of the kernel matrix and an accelerated variant of the stochastic subgradient method. We demonstrate formally through a detailed empirical evaluation, that it competes with other SVM solvers on a variety of benchmark datasets.
description: 6 pages
Fast-Converged Deep Reinforcement Learning for Optimal Dispatch of Large-Scale Power Systems under Transient Security Constraints
Creators: name: Xiao, Tannan
name: Chen, Ying
name: Diao, Han
name: Huang, Shaowei
name: Shen, Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Power system optimal dispatch with transient security constraints is commonly represented as Transient Security-Constrained Optimal Power Flow (TSC-OPF). Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL)-based TSC-OPF trains efficient decision-making agents that are adaptable to various scenarios and provide solution results quickly. However, due to the high dimensionality of the state space and action spaces, as well as the non-smoothness of dynamic constraints, existing DRL-based TSC-OPF solution methods face a significant challenge of the sparse reward problem. To address this issue, a fast-converged DRL method for TSC-OPF is proposed in this paper. The Markov Decision Process (MDP) modeling of TSC-OPF is improved by reducing the observation space and smoothing the reward design, thus facilitating agent training. An improved Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient algorithm with Curriculum learning, Parallel exploration, and Ensemble decision-making (DDPG-CPEn) is introduced to drastically enhance the efficiency of agent training and the accuracy of decision-making. The effectiveness, efficiency, and accuracy of the proposed method are demonstrated through experiments in the IEEE 39-bus system and a practical 710-bus regional power grid. The source code of the proposed method is made public on GitHub.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
Chasing the Tail of Cosmic Reionization with Dark Gap Statistics in the Ly$α$ Forest over $5 < z < 6$
Creators: name: Zhu, Yongda
name: Becker, George D.
name: Bosman, Sarah E. I.
name: Keating, Laura C.
name: Christenson, Holly M.
name: Bañados, Eduardo
name: Bian, Fuyan
name: Davies, Frederick B.
name: D'Odorico, Valentina
name: Eilers, Anna-Christina
name: Fan, Xiaohui
name: Haehnelt, Martin G.
name: Kulkarni, Girish
name: Pallottini, Andrea
name: Qin, Yuxiang
name: Wang, Feige
name: Yang, Jinyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new investigation of the intergalactic medium (IGM) near the end of reionization using "dark gaps" in the Lyman-alpha (Ly$α$) forest. Using spectra of 55 QSOs at $z_{\rm em}>5.5$, including new data from the XQR-30 VLT Large Programme, we identify gaps in the Ly$α$ forest where the transmission averaged over 1 comoving $h^{-1}\,{\rm Mpc}$ bins falls below 5%. Nine ultra-long ($L > 80~h^{-1}\,{\rm Mpc}$) dark gaps are identified at $z<6$. In addition, we quantify the fraction of QSO spectra exhibiting gaps longer than $30~h^{-1}\,{\rm Mpc}$, $F_{30}$, as a function of redshift. We measure $F_{30} \simeq 0.9$, 0.6, and 0.15 at $z = 6.0$, 5.8, and 5.6, respectively, with the last of these long dark gaps persisting down to $z \simeq 5.3$. Comparing our results with predictions from hydrodynamical simulations, we find that the data are consistent with models wherein reionization extends significantly below redshift six. Models wherein the IGM is essentially fully reionized that retain large-scale fluctuations in the ionizing UV background at $z \lesssim 6$ are also potentially consistent with the data. Overall, our results suggest that signature of reionization in the form of islands of neutral hydrogen and/or large-scale fluctuations in the ionizing background remain present in the IGM until at least $z \simeq 5.3$.
description: 30 pages, 19 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Implications of the anomalous top quark couplings in $B_s-\bar{B}_s$ mixing, $B \to X_s γ$ and top quark decays
Creators: name: Lee, Jong Phil
name: Lee, Kang Young
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combined analysis of recent measured $\bs$ mixing and $B \to X_s γ$ decays provides constraints on the anomalous $\bar{t}sW$ couplings. We discuss the perspectives to examine the anomalous $\bar{t}sW$ couplings through CKM-suppressed $ t \to s W$ decays at the LHC.
description: 7 pages, 4 eps figures