cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Access to the Coating Influence on Multicrystalline Silicon Materials
Creators: name: Schumann, M.
name: Mück, P.
name: Haas, F.
name: Riepe, S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1524-1528
description: In this paper we present first results of crystallization experiments on the interaction between the
crucible system for direct solidification and two different qualities of silicon feedstock solar grade silicon (SoG-Si)
and upgraded metallurgical silicon (UMG-Si). First wetting experiments using an optically heated furnace were
performed. They showed a slightly higher contact angle for SoG-Si in comparison to UMG-Si of 5N quality.
Subsequently 80 kg silicon of UMG-Si and SoG-Si were crystallized in an industrial furnace. For both, wetting and
crystallization experiments, both materials did not stick to the crucible. The block crystallized material was further
analyzed for grain size and resistivity depending on the distance to the crucible wall. Resistivity distribution within
the blocks did not show any significant differences between UMG-Si and SoG-Si in the region near the crucible.
However the crystallization of UMG-Si leads to an increase of twins near the crucible.
Decreased Minority Carrier Lifetime as a Result of Disturbance of the Solid/Liquid Interface During Directional Solidification of Multicrystalline Silicon
Creators: name: Ryningen, B.
name: Kvande, R.
name: Stokkan, G.
name: Lohne, O.
name: Holt, A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1529-1532
description: The growth rate of the interface of a 12 kg silicon ingot was measured by dipping quartz rods into the melt
during directional solidification in three different locations at intervals of 20 minutes through the whole solidification
experiments. Wafers from the resulting ingots were analysed and a circular area of decreased minority carrier lifetime was
detected in the wafers. Iron was shown to cause the decrease in lifetime and different mechanisms for the iron- and lifetime
patterns are discussed. Gettering experiments were conducted and most of the iron was removed, but the minority carrier
lifetime was not completely restored. The latter is explained by clustering of the impurities above the solubility limit.
Displacement Data Assimilation
Creators: name: Rosenthal, W. Steven
name: Venkataramani, Shankar C.
name: Mariano, Arthur J.
name: Restrepo, Juan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 93E11, 93B40, 76B47, 37N10

description: We show that modifying a Bayesian data assimilation scheme by incorporating kinematically-consistent displacement corrections produces a scheme that is demonstrably better at estimating partially observed state vectors in a setting where feature information important. While the displacement transformation is not tied to any particular assimilation scheme, here we implement it within an ensemble Kalman Filter and demonstrate its effectiveness in tracking stochastically perturbed vortices.
description: 26 Pages, 9 figures, 5 tables
Fitting of Lateral Resistances in Silicon Solar Cells to Electroluminescence Images
Creators: name: Kiliani, D.
name: Herguth, A.
name: Hahn, G.
name: Rutka, V.
name: Junk, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2088-2090
description: A technique for fast quantitative determination of the different terms contributing to series resistance
in a solar cell from electroluminescence (EL) is introduced. A two-dimensional model of the solar cell is presented,
which is used to fit the measured luminescence intensities and thereby separate the series resistance contributions of
fingers and emitter. First quantitative results of this method for an industrial screen printed monocrystalline silicon
solar cell are shown and the influence of lateral diffusion of charge carriers on the measurement is discussed.
Multiple stellar populations in the globular cluster M3 (NGC 5272): a Strömgren perspective
Creators: name: Massari, Davide
name: Lapenna, Emilio
name: Bragaglia, Angela
name: Dalessandro, Emanuele
name: Ramos, Rodrigo Contreras
name: Amigo, Pia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Strömgren photometry of the Galactic Globular Cluster M3 to study its multiple generations phenomenon. The use of different colour-magnitude diagrams and especially of the notoriously efficient c_y index allowed us to detect a double Red Giant Branch in the cluster CMD. After decontamination from fore- and background sources, the two sequences turned out to be equally populated. The two components also show a bimodal radial distribution well corresponding to that predicted by numerical simulations for clusters living in an intermediate dynamical evolutive state and with a population with modified chemical composition that was born more centrally concentrated than the primordial. The analysis of high-resolution spectra quantitatively demonstrates that the two detected sequences correspond to the first (Na-poor) generation and the second (Na-rich) generation, thus confirming the importance of synergy between photometry and spectroscopy.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Steps Towards Integration of PV-Electricity into the Grid
Creators: name: Baumgartner, F.P.
name: Achtnich, T.
name: Remund, J.
name: Gnos, S.
name: Nowak, S.
name: Wiese, F.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and High Penetration of Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Integration

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4806-4812
description: The high growth rate of photovoltaic (PV) installations leads to the question about the consequences
for grid integration and management [1, 2]. As a case study, we present an analysis of the first limits for the amount
of PV electricity in the utility grid of the greater Zurich area. The first limit is found at an amount of 6 % of the
yearly electricity generation from PV, where the PV generation capacity begins to exceed the daytime increase of the
load profile. This scenario assumes no changes of the daily constant base load generation. If the PV power is further
increased to an amount of 10% of the overall electricity generation, about 8 % of the PV electricity production could
find no demand, starting with a surplus of PV production at noon at sunny weekends in summer time. This would
reduce the nominal working hours of the PV plants by 8 %, increasing the PV generation costs by the same factor.
An amount of 17 % of PV generation can be reached in the Zurich utility grid by storing the surplus of unused PV
electricity as produced, by the widely available pumped hydro plants in the Swiss Alps. The 17 % PV target would
also be possible without storage, but it would require reducing the base load power production in favour of PV
electricity generation. To further increase the amount of PV electricity generation above 20 %, low cost storage
means or changes of the load profile would be required.
Thermalized connectivity networks of jammed packings
Creators: name: Buss, Clemens
name: Heussinger, Claus
name: Hallatschek, Oskar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Jammed packings of repulsive elastic spheres have emerged as a rich model system within which elastic properties of disordered glassy materials may be elucidated. Most of the work on these packings have focused on the case of vanishing temperature. Here, we explore the elastic properties of the associated connectivity network for finite temperatures, ignoring the breaking of bonds and the formation of new ones. Using extensive Monte Carlo simulations, we find that, as the temperature is increased, the resulting spring network shrinks and exhibits a rapidly softening bulk modulus via a cusp. Moreover, the shear modulus stiffens in a fixed volume ensemble but not in a fixed pressure ensemble. These counter-intuitive behaviors may be understood from the characteristic spectrum of soft modes near isostaticity, which resembles the spectrum of a rod near its buckling instability. Our results suggest a generic mechanism for negative thermal expansion coefficients in marginal solids. We discuss the consequences of bond breaking and an apparent analogy between thermalization and shear.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
Optical Characterization of Crystalline Silicon Surfaces for Solar Cell Applications
Creators: name: Petersson, A.M.
name: Persson, H.
name: Roos, A.
name: Boström, T.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2095-2099
description: Spectrophotometers are used to measure the optical characteristics of silicon wafers after different
production steps. Advanced spectrophotometers are equipped with integrating spheres, two monochromators and two
detectors to cover a wide spectral range. A discontinuity has been observed to arise in the reflectance curves at the
monochromator- and detector change when measuring crystalline silicon surfaces. To understand the cause of the
ambiguity, mono- and multicrystalline samples with different surface morphology have been investigated. It is
suggested that alkaline etched surfaces reflect light inhomogeneously in the integrating sphere so that the detectors
measure different reflectance values. Further, the incident light beam is strongly and differently polarized before and
after the monochromator change, and hence differently reflected by linearly featured surfaces.
Resummation of Goldstone boson contributions to the MSSM effective potential
Creators: name: Kumar, Nilanjana
name: Martin, Stephen P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the resummation of the Goldstone boson contributions to the effective potential of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). This eliminates the formal problems of spurious imaginary parts and logarithmic singularities in the minimization conditions when the tree-level Goldstone boson squared masses are negative or approach zero. The numerical impact of the resummation is shown to be almost always very small. We also show how to write the two-loop minimization conditions so that Goldstone boson squared masses do not appear at all, and so that they can be solved without iteration.
description: 28 pages. v2: references added
Quasi-Steady-State Photoconductance Measurements on Crystalline Silicon Thin-Film Material
Creators: name: Rosenits, P.
name: Kopp, F.
name: Roth, T.
name: Warta, W.
name: Reber, S.
name: Glunz, S.W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2103-2106
description: In this contribution, a method to determine the excess carrier lifetime epi in the electrically active
epitaxial layer of crystalline silicon thin-film material is presented. The concept is based on the determination of the
emitter saturation current density J0e by means of quasi-steady-state photoconductance measurements of thin-film
lifetime samples with different epitaxial layer thicknesses. An increasing J0e with increasing epitaxial layer thickness
is expected. In principle, also quantitative results regarding epi can be made. First measurements on microelectronicgrade
and solar-grade crystalline thin-film material are presented in this work.
Analysis and Characterisation of Sloped Irradiated Solar Modules
Creators: name: Wolf, J.
name: Boell, M.
name: Hartkopf, T.
name: Khanh, T.Q.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 2978-2985
description: This research deals with two crucial issues in the design process of solar installations. The first purpose of this research is to provide an overview on available solar panels performance under different angles of incident irradiation. The results allow a more efficient strategy when planning a solar facility. The second issue deals with mathematical models describing the path of the sun. Various models are implemented, simulated and compared. The objective of this paper is to establish the maximum acceptable deviation between sun position and tracked surface, and at which point the loss of power becomes significant for performance optimization.
Efficiency and Annual Output of a Monocrystalline Photovoltaic Module Under Actual Operating Conditions
Creators: name: Durisch, W.
name: Mayor, J.-C.
name: Lam, K.H.
name: Close, J.
name: Stettler, S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 2992-2995
description: This work covers extensive outdoor testing of a mc-Si module from Jumao Photonics (JM-050W-S4-G). All tests were performed at PSI’s Solar Test Facility. The location of PSI represents a typical site in the Swiss Midland. The module was fixed on a sun tracker and tested under clear sky conditions as well as under a cloudy sky. During testing, the global-normal irradiance varied between 56 and 1087 W/m2, the cell temperature between 9 and 67°C, and the relative air mass between 1.1 and 9.6. About 2000 current/voltage characteristics were automatically acquired, leading to the efficiency as a function of irradiance, cell temperature and air mass. The data were used to develop a new efficiency model to calculate the efficiency under all relevant operating conditions. The model contains six parameters. They were determined by applying non-linear fitting techniques. Applying mathematical transformations reported on earlier, measurements and the efficiency model can be compared and validated in two-dimensional representations. The module shows a modest efficiency behavior over the irradiance range (bad part-load efficiency). The STC efficiency (referred to the active cell area) was found to be 12.6%, corresponding to an STC module output power of 45.5 W (manufacturer: 50 W). An efficiency maximum of 12.7% was found at 832 W/m2. The efficiency linearly decreases with temperature. Its temperature coefficient was found to be –0.0507 percentage points/°C. Regarding the impact of air mass, the efficiency exhibits a maximum value of 12.7% at an air mass of 3.77. The module shows fairly good red light sensitivity in the late afternoon.
The nuclear dust lane of Circinus: collimation without a torus
Creators: name: Mezcua, M.
name: Prieto, M. A.
name: Fernández-Ontiveros, J. A.
name: Tristram, K. R. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In some AGN, nuclear dust lanes connected to kpc-scale dust structures provide all the extinction required to obscure the nucleus, challenging the role of the dusty torus proposed by the Unified Model. In this letter we show the pc-scale dust and ionized gas maps of Circinus constructed using sub-arcsec-accuracy registration of infrared VLT AO images with optical \textit{Hubble Space Telescope} images. We find that the collimation of the ionized gas does not require a torus but is caused by the distribution of dust lanes of the host galaxy on $\sim$10 pc scales. This finding questions the presumed torus morphology and its role at parsec scales, as one of its main attributes is to collimate the nuclear radiation, and is in line with interferometric observations which show that most of the pc-scale dust is in the polar direction. We estimate that the nuclear dust lane in Circinus provides $1/3$ of the extinction required to obscure the nucleus. This constitutes a conservative lower limit to the obscuration at the central parsecs, where the dust filaments might get optically thicker if they are the channels that transport material from $\sim$100 pc scales to the centre.
description: 5 pages, MNRAS Letters, in press
Full jet evolution in quark-gluon plasma and nuclear modification of jet production and jet shape in Pb+Pb collisions at 2.76 ATeV at the LHC
Creators: name: Chang, Ning-Bo
name: Qin, Guang-You
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of full jet shower in quark-gluon plasma via solving a set of coupled differential transport equations for the three-dimensional momentum distributions of quarks and gluons contained in the full jets. In our jet evolution equations, we include all partonic splitting processes as well as the collisional energy loss and transverse momentum broadening for both the leading and radiated partons of the full jets. Combining with a realistic (2+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamic simulation for the space-time profiles of the hot and dense nuclear medium produced in heavy-ion collisions, we apply our formalism to calculate the nuclear modification of single inclusive full jet spectra, the momentum imbalance of photon-jet and dijet pairs, and jet shape function (at partonic level) in Pb+Pb collisions at 2.76 ATeV. The roles of various jet-medium interaction mechanisms on the full jet modification are studied. We find that the nuclear modification of jet shape is sensitive to the interplay of different interaction mechanisms as well as the energies of the full jets.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Ultrasound Measurement of the Position of the Growing Interface During Directional Solidification of Silicon
Creators: name: Azizi, M.
name: Meissner, E.
name: Friedrich, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1520-1523
description: One of the most important parameters in crystal growth is the velocity of the moving solid/liquid interface. A
common technique to detect the position of the solid/liquid interface is the sequential mechanical touching of the
solidification front using a rod. The obvious disadvantage is that the solid/liquid interface can be disturbed during
these measurements. Therefore, a sensor based on the ultrasound method was tested as a contactless, in-situ detection
technique of the crystal growth interface. The setup consists of a standard ultrasonic transducer, which is positioned
on top of a high temperature resistant ultrasonic waveguide. The waveguide itself is dipped into the silicon melt, in
order to transfer the ultrasonic signal from the transducer through the melt. The signal can then be reflected either at
the bottom of the crucible or at the solid/liquid interface. First measurements using this ultrasound diagnostic tool
were performed. As a first prove the speed of sound in liquid silicon was measured. The obtained value corresponds
well to published data. In a second experiment the growth rate was determined in/situ during directional solidification
of multicrystalline silicon. The measured growth rate correlates well with the value obtained from mechanical
touching of the interface. The deviations of the growth rate obtained by these two methods will be discussed.
Results of Technical and Financial Monitoring of a Micro-Financed Program for Solar Homes Systems in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Wiese, R.
name: Schacht, V.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: PV Systems
Off-grid Applications

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4935-4938
description: The Solar Home System (SHS) dissemination program in Bangladesh is considered to be one of the
most successful programs of its kind worldwide. Since 2003 nearly 582,000 SHS have been installed, the vast
majority is at 50 Wp. Systems have been implemented in rural areas where grid electricity supply is neither
available nor envisaged in the mid-term future. Supported by grants and soft loans from the World Bank, GTZ,
KfW and Asian Development Bank, installation rates have increased to over 30,000 SHS per month. The
program management responsibility lies with the Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL). 20
micro-finance institutions (MFI) are responsible for the technical and financial implementation. They provide
micro-financing to enable their customers to purchase the SHS.
The authors carried out a technical monitoring of around 4,200 SHS. It was found that 7% of the systems had
technical problems which required immediate repairs to prevent damage to the SHS. The main problems in this
category were damages to or bypassing of the charge controller.
The authors also assessed the financial performance of the MFIs. As a result, measures for credit risk
management were introduced which have strengthen the financial performance.
Challenges on the Pathway to Introduce Hybrid Renewable Mini-Grids in Rural Villages in Northern Africa
Creators: name: Cabañero, M.
name: Rutz, D.
name: Janssen, R.
name: Papadakis, G.
name: Mohamed, E.S.
name: Kyriakarakos, G.
name: Kassem, A.-W.S.
name: Linares, A.
name: López-Manzanares, L.
name: Bard, J.
name: Panahandeh, B.
name: Outzourhit, A.
name: El Khazen, A.
name: Kyritsis, E.
name: Kyritsis, S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: PV Systems
Off-grid Applications

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4942-4947
description: Renewable Energy Hybrid systems are a sustainable energy source of electricity in remotes areas
of northern Africa which are far away from the public grid. The only options to generate electricity in these areas
are solar home systems which often provide insufficient supply or diesel generators with operation cost
increasing considerably with the remoteness of the location. Hybrid renewable energy systems ensure sufficient
and continuous electricity supply in rural remote areas with reasonable cost. The aim of the HYRESS project
(Renewable Energy Systems for the Supply of Services in Rural Settlements of Mediterranean Partner Countries)
was to design, install, operate and monitor renewable hybrid systems in rural settlements in three North African
countries (Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco). This paper discusses the results of the technical, socio-economic and
environmental monitoring for the three hybrid systems during its planning, installation and operation.
Improved mc-Si Crystal Growth Control Through Multiple Heat Zones and Heat Sink Design
Creators: name: Pihan, E.
name: Camel, D.
name: Enjalbert, N.
name: Monna, R.
name: Flahaut, E.
name: Sarti, D.
name: Lay, P.
name: Vannier, C.
name: Trouillot, Y.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1513-1516
description: The continuously increasing need for manufacturing multi-crystalline silicon ingots for PV is a driving force
for increasing the quality of the ingots. The quality is strongly dependent on the furnace technology. We propose an
innovative 3D thermal gradient control applied on an industrial scale 400-800kg furnace. Experimentally, the main
originalities are the presence of (i) 3 independent heaters (top, side and bottom) in order to control the 3D thermal gradients
inside the heated area (ii) an original heat sink design used to extract the solidification heat from the bottom of the crucible.
The flexibility in the overall 3D thermal gradients applied during crystal growth, post-growth annealing and cooling offers
the possibility to control the impact of thermal conditions on nucleation, segregation homogeneity, impurity diffusion from
surfaces and thermal stress generation. The impact of the front shape variation on resistivity profiles will be discussed using
various silicon feedstock qualities from non purified silicon to electronic grade silicon. The thermal conditions during growth
and cooling of ingots strongly affect the diffusion of impurities from the edges to the bulk of the ingots. Its consequences on
the spatial distribution of the minority carrier lifetime will also be shown for bricks and resulting wafers.
Photovoltaics in India
Creators: name: Sastry, E.V.R.
name: Bhargava, B.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: PV Systems
Off-grid Applications

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4953-4956
description: India has had among the world’s largest national programmes in photovoltaics for many years. The
emphasis of the programme till recently has been on meeting rural energy needs and providing power to applications
on a stand-alone mode. Considering India’s own growing power needs, a National Solar Mission has been launched
in 2010. The mission has a goal of installing 20,000 MW of grid-connected power plants and 2,000 MW of off-grid
systems by March 2022, using both PV and solar thermal technologies. The mission is to be implemented in three
phases. Feed-in tariff mechanisms as well as a host of other incentives have been devised to implement the mission.
It is expected that the Indian domestic PV market will grow from a few tens of MW per year at present to about 2
GW in the next decade. A corresponding rise in manufacturing activity is also anticipated. The paper describes the
main features of the solar mission and the likely growth path of photovoltaics in India.
Nanostructured Back Side Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Voisin, P.
name: Peters, M.
name: Hauser, H.
name: Helgert, C.
name: Kley, E.-B.
name: Pertsch, T.
name: Bläsi, B.
name: Hermle, M.
name: Glunz, S.W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 1997-2000
description: In this paper, we report our investigation on the light trapping enhancement of silicon solar cells via
the introduction of nanoscale gratings on the back side of solar cells. The grating is designed to diffract long
wavelengths, typically from 900 nm to 1100 nm, leading to an enhancement of the photons path length in the solar
cell. Therefore, a gain in current and then efficiency can be expected. The optimal grating parameters were first
calculated via RCWA simulations, and were found to be a period of 310 nm for a flat front side and 410 nm for a
textured front side. Test structures, with flat and textured front and back side and various silicon dioxide thicknesses
on the back side, were then fabricated to confirm the simulation results. Reflection measurements performed on these
test structures show a decrease of the reflection in that particular wavelength range for a flat front side. However,
spectral response measurements of solar cells will be the only characterisation that can assure us that this decrease in
reflection is inducing an increase of absorption in the silicon, as expected by simulation and not in the aluminium
layer.
A Mathematical Model of Silicon Purification by the Method of Extraction from Solid Phase Subject to the Reverse Diffusion from a Substance-Extractant
Creators: name: Karabanov, S.M.
name: Suvorov, D.V.
name: Sazhin, B.N.
name: Slivkin, E.V.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1533-1537
description: The purpose of this paper is the development of the improved mathematical model of silicon
purification by the method of extraction from the solid phase, the usage of the model for calculation of different
modes of impurities diffusion and quantitative determination of the main parameters of the technological process,
when high purification efficiency is obtained. In the calculations the diffusion of the basic impurities determining
the quality of solar-grade silicon (boron, phosphorus, aluminum, carbon, iron, and copper) has been considered.
The paper presents the data of the impurity concentration distribution across the particles at various points of
time, the dynamics of each impurity average concentration in time under different conditions – temperature,
particle diameter, different proportions of silicon volumes and substance-extractant. The obtained data show the
opportunity to use the given technology for the commercial silicon purification process in order to produce solargrade
silicon.
Characterization of Emitter in mc-Si Solar Cells by Scanning Electron Microscopy
Creators: name: Fülle, A.
name: Krause, A.
name: Kutzer, M.
name: Wagner, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2110-2112
description: The principle of emitter characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been described
firstly by Oatley and Everhart [1]. Aim of this work is to correlate the emitter quality resp. depth in cz and mc-Si
solar cells and the local microstructure. Emitter thickness and doping profile has been characterized using an
scanning electron microscope under reverse bias. The local quality of the solar cells has been investigated by forward
electro luminescence. The main results of this work are that the emitter formation is not only dependant on the
phosphor diffusion process itself and the applicability of this technique to determine the quality of the emitter in
crystalline solar cells.
US PV Market Development in the American Southwest
Creators: name: Gunther, E.A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: PV Taking Off: Large-scale Deployment
Markets for Large-scale PV

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 5224-5230
description: For the past few years, the United States has been expected to evolve into the next, large market for
Photovoltaic (PV) solar. Indifferent Federal policy was eclipsed by leadership at the State level until President
Obama’s progressive clean energy and climate policies reinvigorated investment in energy efficiency, technology,
projects, and transmission infrastructure (the “Smart Grid”) with a strong focus on renewable energy. Even under the
US Federal 30% Solar Investment Tax Credit (ITC) umbrella, State and Local policy still determine if PV projects
can generate a return on investment. California dominates the US PV Market driven by a Renewable Portfolio
Standard (RPS) quota system and backed by the $2.167 Billion California Solar Initiative (CSI). Southwestern states
including Arizona, Nevada, and New Mexico have excellent solar resource and with improving state policies will
begin to emerge and harness their PV potential in 2010. The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA
2008, Bailout Bill) eliminated the prohibition on utilities benefiting from the Federal Investment Tax Credit. Though
enamored with CSP (Concentrating Solar Power) plants in the desert despite siting, permitting, and water rights
obstacles, southwestern Investor Owned Utilities (IOUs) are changing US PV market dynamics by also investing in
MegaWatt scale, distributed rooftop and ground mount PV projects. Federal, State, and Local policies and incentives
for utility scale and commercial PV in the US Southwest will be surveyed and key PV project enablers and barriers
will be identified. PV market prospects and proposed utility scale PV projects will be assessed. Driven by utility scale
projects, the United States Photovoltaic Market is ready to grow up beyond 1 GW (GigaWatt) by 2011.
Cost Relevant Improvements of Mono-Silicon Cell Performance by Magnetic Czochralski
Creators: name: De Potter, A.
name: Regnier, V.
name: Fischer, B.
name: Krischel, D.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1517-1519
description: Silicon is currently the most common material used to manufacture photovoltaic cells. The materials and
manufacturing processes are the subject of ambitious research programs to reduce the overall production costs, and
increase efficiency and lifetime of photovoltaic cells. This paper addresses the use of magnetic fields during the growth
of the single crystal ingot. By doing numerical experiments by means of the FEMAG-CZ simulation software, we show
the capability of the Bruker-ASC magnet to (1) decrease the risk of structure loss, (2) increase the maximum pull speed
of a given hot zone configuration and (3) decrease the oxygen content in the crystal.
Eutrema tianshanense G. Q. Hao, J. Quan. Liu & Al-Shehbaz 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Hao, Guoqian
name: Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan A.
name: Liang, Qianlong
name: Wang, Qian
name: Liu, Jianquan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Brassicales
Brassicaceae
Eutrema
Eutrema tianshanense

description: Eutrema tianshanense G.Q. Hao, J.Quan. Liu & Al-Shehbaz, sp. nov.
 Type:— China. Xinjiang: border of Nileke Xian and Wusu Shi, near glaciers, roadsides of mountain pass, 3200–3800 m, 28 June 2013, Liu, J. Q. & Hao, G. Q. 13062 (Holotype: SZ). Fig. 4.
 Herbs, perennial, glabrous throughout, with simple or few-branced caudex and fleshy roots. Stem (5–)8–14(–16) cm tall, erect, simple, one to several from caudex. Basal leaves rosulate, somewhat fleshy; petiole (0.5–)1–1.5(–2) cm; leaf blade broadly ovate to orbicular, 0.8–1.2 × 0.4–0.5 cm, base rounded or truncate, margin entire, apex rounded or obtuse; middle cauline leaves linear, narrowly elliptic, or oblanceolate, 1–1.3(–2) × 0.3–0.5 cm, pinnately veined, sessile, base cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse. Racemes ebracteate, elongated considerably in fruit, several but <20-flowered; fruiting pedicels divaricate to ascending, curved upward or sometimes straight, 3–8 cm. Sepals ovate to oblong, 1.5–2 mm, deciduous, deep red or rose; petals white, spatulate, 2–3 × 0.7–1 mm; filaments white, ca. 2 mm; anthers oblong, ca. 0.2 mm. Fruit linear, lanceolate, to narrowly oblong, 5–8 × 1–2 mm, not torulose; valves cuneate at both ends; gynophore 0.1–0.4 mm; septum complete or rarely perforate; style ca. 0.4 mm. Seeds not seen. Flowering: May–July; fruiting: July–September.
 Additional specimens examined: China. Xinjiang: Wulumuqi Xian, Urumqi Glacier No. 1, H. W. Jintian & Y. Yang 106 (PE).
 Eutrema tianshanense is most morphologically similar to E. edwardsii, and both have elongated racemes with divaricate-ascending fruiting pedicels curved upward. However, it differs from the latter by having broadly ovate to orbicular (vs. ovate to oblong) basal leaves rounded to obtuse (vs. subacute) at apex. More morphological studies at the population level are needed to establish whether or not there are other character that separate these two closely similar species. It is also morphologically similar to E. racemosum and E. heterophyllum, but differs from the former by having ascending (vs. somewhat reflexed) fruiting pedicels and from E. heterophyllum by having lax and elongated (vs. compact) fruiting racemes.
 One specimen, Wu et al. 4892 (HNWP, KUN) from Khungerab Pass, Tashkurgan Xian, was found to be morphologically similar to Eutrema tianshanense, but further molecular studies are needed to check whether or not it is genetically closely-related to the Tian Shan plants.
description: Published as part of Hao, Guoqian, Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan A., Liang, Qianlong, Wang, Qian & Liu, Jianquan, 2016, Eutrema tianshanense (Brassicaceae), a new species from Tian Shan Mountains of central Asia, pp. 23-31 in Phytotaxa 286 (1) on pages 28-29, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.286.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/13648203
Fuzzy Maximum Satisfiability
Creators: name: Halaby, Mohamed El
name: Abdalla, Areeg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we extend the Maximum Satisfiability (MaxSAT) problem to Łukasiewicz logic. The MaxSAT problem for a set of formulae Φ is the problem of finding an assignment to the variables in Φ that satisfies the maximum number of formulae. Three possible solutions (encodings) are proposed to the new problem: (1) Disjunctive Linear Relations (DLRs), (2) Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) and (3) Weighted Constraint Satisfaction Problem (WCSP). Like its Boolean counterpart, the extended fuzzy MaxSAT will have numerous applications in optimization problems that involve vagueness.
description: 10 pages
False positive probabilties for all Kepler Objects of Interest: 1284 newly validated planets and 428 likely false positives
Creators: name: Morton, Timothy D.
name: Bryson, Stephen T.
name: Coughlin, Jeffrey L.
name: Rowe, Jason F.
name: Ravichandran, Ganesh
name: Petigura, Erik A.
name: Haas, Michael R.
name: Batalha, Natalie M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present astrophysical false positive probability calculations for every Kepler Object of Interest (KOI)---the first large-scale demonstration of a fully automated transiting planet validation procedure. Out of 7056 KOIs, we determine that 1935 have probabilities <1% to be astrophysical false positives, and thus may be considered validated planets. 1284 of these have not yet been validated or confirmed by other methods. In addition, we identify 428 KOIs likely to be false positives that have not yet been identified as such, though some of these may be a result of unidentified transit timing variations. A side product of these calculations is full stellar property posterior samplings for every host star, modeled as single, binary, and triple systems. These calculations use 'vespa', a publicly available Python package able to be easily applied to any transiting exoplanet candidate.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures. Published in ApJ. Instructions to reproduce results can be found at https://github.com/timothydmorton/koi-fpp
Using young massive star clusters to understand star formation and feedback in high-redshift-like environments
Creators: name: Longmore, Steven
name: Barnes, Ashley
name: Battersby, Cara
name: Bally, John
name: Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik
name: Dale, James
name: Henshaw, Jonathan
name: Walker, Daniel
name: Rathborne, Jill
name: Testi, Leonardo
name: Ott, Juergen
name: Ginsburg, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation environment of stars in massive stellar clusters is similar to the environment of stars forming in galaxies at a redshift of 1 - 3, at the peak star formation rate density of the Universe. As massive clusters are still forming at the present day at a fraction of the distance to high-redshift galaxies they offer an opportunity to understand the processes controlling star formation and feedback in conditions similar to those in which most stars in the Universe formed. Here we describe a system of massive clusters and their progenitor gas clouds in the centre of the Milky Way, and outline how detailed observations of this system may be able to: (i) help answer some of the fundamental open questions in star formation and (ii) quantify how stellar feedback couples to the surrounding interstellar medium in this high-pressure, high-redshift analogue environment.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, to appear in proceedings of The 6th Zermatt ISM Symposium: Conditions and Impact of Star Formation From Lab to Space, eds. R. Simon, M. Rollig
Electric dipole spin resonance in systems with a valley dependent g-factor
Creators: name: Rančić, Marko J.
name: Burkard, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this theoretical study we qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the electric dipole spin resonance (EDSR) in a single Si/SiGe quantum dot in the presence of a magnetic field gradient, e.g., produced by a ferromagnet. We model a situation in which the control of electron spin states is achieved by applying an oscillatory electric field, inducing real-space oscillations of the electron inside the quantum dot. One of the goals of our study is to present a microscopic theory of valley dependent $g$-factors in Si/SiGe quantum dots and investigate how valley relaxation combined with a valley dependent $g$-factor leads to a novel electron spin dephasing mechanism. Furthermore, we discuss the interplay of spin and valley relaxations in Si/SiGe quantum dots. Our findings suggest that the electron spin dephases due to valley relaxation, and are in agreement with recent experimental studies [Nature Nanotechnology 9, 666-670 (2014)].
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Probing the origin of our universe through primordial gravitational waves by Ali CMB project
Creators: name: Cai, Yi-Fu
name: Zhang, Xinmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a research highlight invited by SCIENCE CHINA Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy.
description: Research highlight invited by SCIENCE CHINA Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy; 3 pages, 1 figure
Lepton Flavor Violating Decays of Neutral Higgses in Extended Mirror Fermion Model
Creators: name: Chang, Chia-Feng
name: Chang, Chia-Hung Vincent
name: Nugroho, Chrisna Setyo
name: Yuan, Tzu-Chiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform the one-loop induced charged lepton flavor violating decays of the neutral Higgses in an extended mirror fermion model with non-sterile electroweak-scale right-handed neutrinos and a horizontal $A_4$ symmetry in the lepton sector. We demonstrate that for the 125 GeV scalar $h$ there is tension between the recent LHC result ${\cal B}(h \to τμ) \sim $ 1% and the stringent limits on the rare processes $μ\to e γ$ and $τ\to (μ$ or $e) γ$ from low energy experiments.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures. Added some of reference
Characterisation and Modelling of Lithium-Ion Secondary Batteries for Application in Solar Systems
Creators: name: Schwunk, S.
name: Rudolph, A.
name: Thomas, R.
name: Bopp, G.
name: Vetter, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Balance of System Components

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 2964-2968
description: Declining prices and higher demands in technical applications make it more and more attractive to use lithium-ion secondary batteries in solar applications. The main advantages compared to lead acid secondary batteries are higher energy density, good cycling performance, higher efficiency and little problems with cycling at and remaining in high depth of discharge for long periods. Therefore lithium ion batteries were tested, characterised and modelled in respect to suitability in solar applications. For modelling lithium-ion batteries a modified Shepherd approach was used and good simulation results for the low currents typically occurring in off grid systems could be achieved.
Climatic and Hardware Factors Influencing the Output Performances of Silicon Modules in Siberia and the Far East Conditions
Creators: name: Yurchenko, A.
name: Kozloff, A.
name: Volkov, A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 2989-2991
description: In 1996 in Tomsk the unique experimental base for conducting the field trials of solar energy systems was constructed, which includes: TOR – station of atmosphere parameters control (38 parameters), mobile station of functioning
monitoring of PV modules, demonstrational functioning zone of the 240Watt solar energy complex, laboratory test benches. As the result of the 11-year natural tests of the silicon PV modules of 5 to 650 Watt, having been conducted in Siberia and the Far East conditions, the physico-mathematical model of the solar battery functioning under the influence of climatic and hardware factors has been built. Using the mobile station of the PV modules performance monitoring, TOR – station, demonstrational functioning zone the comparison of the obtained results of PV modules of 5 to 650 Watt on the Baikal, in Krasnoyarsk, in Abakan and in Vladivostok with the mathematical modeling was carried out during the 2005-2008 years. It was shown that the error of the prediction makes 5% of the real produced PV modules power.