cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Unifying semiclassics and quantum perturbation theory at nonlinear order
Creators: name: Kaplan, Daniel
name: Holder, Tobias
name: Yan, Binghai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear electrical response permits a unique window into effects of band structure geometry. It can be calculated either starting from a Boltzmann approach for small frequencies, or using Kubo's formula for resonances at finite frequency. However, a precise connection between both approaches has not been established. Focusing on the second order nonlinear response, here we show how the semiclassical limit can be recovered from perturbation theory in the velocity gauge, provided that finite quasiparticle lifetimes are taken into account. We find that matrix elements related to the band geometry combine in this limit to produce the semiclassical nonlinear conductivity. We demonstrate the power of the new formalism by deriving a quantum contribution to the nonlinear conductivity which is of order $τ^{-1}$ in the relaxation time $τ$, which is principally inaccessible within the Boltzmann approach. We outline which steps can be generalized to higher orders in the applied perturbation, and comment about potential experimental signatures of our results.
description: 11 pages (main text) + 4 appendix. Comments appreciated
EMU: Evolutionary Map of the Universe
Creators: name: Norris, Ray P.
name: Hopkins, A. M.
name: Afonso, J.
name: Brown, S.
name: Condon, J. J.
name: Dunne, L.
name: Feain, I.
name: Hollow, R.
name: Jarvis, M.
name: Johnston-Hollitt, M.
name: Lenc, E.
name: Middelberg, E.
name: Padovani, P.
name: Prandoni, I.
name: Rudnick, L.
name: Seymour, N.
name: Umana, G.
name: Andernach, H.
name: Alexander, D. M.
name: Appleton, P. N.
name: Bacon, D.
name: Banfield, J.
name: Becker, W.
name: Brown, M. J. I.
name: Ciliegi, P.
name: Jackson, C.
name: Eales, S.
name: Edge, A. C.
name: Gaensler, B. M.
name: Giovannini, G.
name: Hales, C. A.
name: Hancock, P.
name: Huynh, M. Y.
name: Ibar, E.
name: Ivison, R. J.
name: Kennicutt, R.
name: Kimball, Amy E.
name: Koekemoer, A. M.
name: Koribalski, B. S.
name: López-Sánchez, Á. R.
name: Mao, M. Y.
name: Murphy, T.
name: Messias, H.
name: Pimbblet, K. A.
name: Raccanelli, A.
name: Randall, K. E.
name: Reiprich, T. H.
name: Roseboom, I. G.
name: Röttgering, H.
name: Saikia, D. J.
name: Sharp, R. G.
name: Slee, O. B.
name: Smail, Ian
name: Thompson, M. A.
name: Urquhart, J. S.
name: Wall, J. V.
name: Zhao, G. -B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: EMU is a wide-field radio continuum survey planned for the new Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope. The primary goal of EMU is to make a deep (rms ~ 10 microJy/beam) radio continuum survey of the entire Southern Sky at 1.3 GHz, extending as far North as +30 degrees declination, with a resolution of 10 arcsec. EMU is expected to detect and catalogue about 70 million galaxies, including typical star-forming galaxies up to z~1, powerful starbursts to even greater redshifts, and AGNs to the edge of the visible Universe. It will undoubtedly discover new classes of object. This paper defines the science goals and parameters of the survey, and describes the development of techniques necessary to maximise the science return from EMU.
description: Accepted by PASA; see http://www.atnf.csiro.au/people/rnorris/papers/n252.pdf for higher-resolution figures
Remarks on the Myers-Perry and Einstein Gauss-Bonnet Rotating Solutions
Creators: name: Anabalon, A.
name: Deruelle, N.
name: Tempo, D.
name: Troncoso, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kerr-type solutions of the five-dimensional Einstein and Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet equations look pretty similar when written in Kerr-Schild form. However the Myers-Perry spacetime is circular whereas the rotating solution of the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory is not. We explore some consequences of this difference in particular regarding the (non) existence of Boyer-Lindquist-type coordinates and the extension of the manifold.
title: Qingdao, Siege of/German-Japanese War
title: Qingdao, Siege of/German-Japanese War
Creators: name: Saaler, Sven
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Belagerung von Tsingtau
subject: Qingdao (China)--History--Siege, 1914

description: Japan declared war on Germany in August 1914 and, after a two-month siege, captured the German-leased territory of Jiāozhōu in China. Notwithstanding the limited scope of what Japan called the “Japanese-German War,” this event had major repercussions on debates about Japan’s place in the world and the nation’s identity.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Characterization of Atmosphere-Skimming Cosmic-Ray Showers in High-Altitude Experiments
Creators: name: Tueros, Matias
name: Cabana-Freire, Sergio
name: Álvarez-Muñiz, Jaime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atmosphere-skimming showers are initiated by cosmic rays with incoming directions such that the full development of the cascade occurs inside the atmosphere without ever reaching the ground. This new class of showers has been observed in balloon-borne experiments such as ANITA, but a characterisation of their properties is lacking. The interplay between the Earth's magnetic field, the long distances over which atmosphere-skimming showers develop, and the low density of the atmosphere they traverse gives rise to several effects that are not seen in downward-going cascades, and require detailed modeling. In this article, we used the latest version of the ZHAireS-RASPASS shower simulation program to tackle this problem, and dwell on the particular phenomena that arises from the peculiar environment on which these showers develop. We focus in particular on the properties of the longitudinal profile of the shower and its fluctuations as a function of cosmic-ray energy, direction and primary mass. We have also studied the phase-space of cosmic-ray arrival directions where detection in high-altitude experiments is more likely, and have found that only in a small range of directions the showers are sufficiently developed before reaching the altitude of the detector. Our results are relevant for the design of high-altitude and in particular balloon-borne experiments, and for the interpretation of the data they collect.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures. Submited to JCAP
Preface "Nonlinear processes in oceanic and atmospheric flows"
Creators: name: Mancho, A. M.
name: Wiggins, S.
name: Turiel, A.
name: Hernandez-Garcia, E.
name: Lopez, C.
name: Garcia-Ladona, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear phenomena are essential ingredients in many oceanic and atmospheric processes, and successful understanding of them benefits from multidisciplinary collaboration between oceanographers, meteorologists, physicists and mathematicians. The present Special Issue on ``Nonlinear Processes in Oceanic and Atmospheric Flows'' contains selected contributions from attendants to the workshop which, in the above spirit, was held in Castro Urdiales, Spain, in July 2008. Here we summarize the Special Issue contributions, which include papers on the characterization of ocean transport in the Lagrangian and in the Eulerian frameworks, generation and variability of jets and waves, interactions of fluid flow with plankton dynamics or heavy drops, scaling in meteorological fields, and statistical properties of El Niño Southern Oscillation.
description: This is the introductory article to a Special Issue on "Nonlinear Processes in Oceanic and Atmospheric Flows'', published in the journal Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, where the different contributions are summarized. The Special Issue itself is freely available from http://www.nonlin-processes-geophys.net/special_issue103.html
Acceptability and authority in chinese and non-chinese english teachers' judgment of language use in english writing by chinese university students
Creators: name: Heng Hartse, Joel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: This study solicits Chinese and non-Chinese English teachers’ judgments of linguistic (un)acceptability in writing by presenting teachers with essays by Chinese university students and asking them to comment on unacceptable features. Studies of error and variation in first and second language writing studies have often focused on errors in writers’ texts (see Bitchener & Ferris, 2012), but recent sociolinguistic perspectives used in this study take a broader view, considering variations from standard written English in light of the globalization of English. These perspectives, including world Englishes (Canagarajah, 2006; Matsuda & Matsuda, 2010), English as a Lingua Franca (Horner, 2011; Jenkins, 2014), and translingual (Canagarajah, 2013; Horner, Lu, Royster, & Trimbur, 2011) approaches to L2 writing, are applicable to academic English writing in international contexts. This study thus adopts a non-error-based approach to teachers’ reactions to nonstandard language use in Chinese students’ English writing, using the construct of “acceptability” (Greenbaum, 1977). The study includes two parts: first, it solicits a group (n=46) of Chinese (n=30) and non-Chinese (n=16) English language teachers’ judgments of (un)acceptability by presenting teachers with seven essays by Chinese university students and asking them to comment on unacceptable features. Second, in follow-up interviews (n=20), the study examines teachers’ explanations for accepting or rejecting features of students’ writing and the ways in which they claim the authority to make these judgments. Using these methods, the study is able to determine which lexical and grammatical features of the texts the Chinese and non-Chinese participants judge to be unacceptable, how participants react when they encounter putative features of Chinese English and English as a Lingua Franca, and how they describe their authority to make judgments of linguistic unacceptability. The study finds wide variation in the features of the texts that participants judge as unacceptable, and identifies some possible differing priorities in the Chinese and non-Chinese teachers’ judgments. It also describes how participants from both groups claim authority in judgments, variously positioning themselves as mediators, educators, and language users. The study adds to a body of scholarship which suggests that the identification of “errors” in writing is highly variable and contextual.
Optimal design of chemoepitaxial guideposts for directed self-assembly of block copolymer systems using an inexact-Newton algorithm
Creators: name: Luo, Dingcheng
name: Cao, Lianghao
name: Chen, Peng
name: Ghattas, Omar
name: Oden, J. Tinsley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block-copolymers (BCPs) is one of the most promising developments in the cost-effective production of nanoscale devices. The process makes use of the natural tendency for BCP mixtures to form nanoscale structures upon phase separation. The phase separation can be directed through the use of chemically patterned substrates to promote the formation of morphologies that are essential to the production of semiconductor devices. Moreover, the design of substrate pattern can formulated as an optimization problem for which we seek optimal substrate designs that effectively produce given target morphologies. In this paper, we adopt a phase field model given by a nonlocal Cahn--Hilliard partial differential equation (PDE) based on the minimization of the Ohta--Kawasaki free energy, and present an efficient PDE-constrained optimization framework for the optimal design problem. The design variables are the locations of circular- or strip-shaped guiding posts that are used to model the substrate chemical pattern. To solve the ensuing optimization problem, we propose a variant of an inexact Newton conjugate gradient algorithm tailored to this problem. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our computational strategy on numerical examples that span a range of target morphologies. Owing to our second-order optimizer and fast state solver, the numerical results demonstrate five orders of magnitude reduction in computational cost over previous work. The efficiency of our framework and the fast convergence of our optimization algorithm enable us to rapidly solve the optimal design problem in not only two, but also three spatial dimensions.
description: 35 Pages, 17 Figures
Cyclotron-Bloch dynamics of a quantum particle in a 2D lattice
Creators: name: Kolovsky, A. R.
name: Mantica, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper studies the quantum dynamics of a charged particle in a 2D square lattice, under the influence of electric and magnetic fields, the former being aligned with one of the lattice axes and the latter perpendicular to the lattice plane. While in free space these dynamics consist of uniform motions in the direction orthogonal to the electric field vector, we find that, in a lattice, this directed drift takes place only for specific initial conditions and for electric field magnitudes smaller than a critical value. Otherwise, the quantum wave--packet spreads ballistically in both directions orthogonal to the electric field. We quantify this ballistic spreading and identify the subspace of initial conditions insuring directed transport with the drift velocity. We also describe the effect of disorder in the system.
description: APS preprint format, 23 pages, 11 figures
On the domino shuffle and matrix refactorizations
Creators: name: Chhita, Sunil
name: Duits, Maurice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is motivated by computing correlations for domino tilings of the Aztec diamond. It is inspired by two of the three distinct methods that have recently been used in the simplest case of a doubly periodic weighting, that is the two-periodic Aztec diamond. One of the methods, powered by the domino shuffle, involves inverting the Kasteleyn matrix giving correlations through the local statistics formula. Another of the methods, driven by a Wiener-Hopf factorization for two-by-two matrix valued functions, involves the Eynard-Mehta theorem. For arbitrary weights the Wiener-Hopf factorization can be replaced by an LU- and UL-decomposition, based on a matrix refactorization, for the product of the transition matrices. This paper shows that, for arbitrary weightings of the Aztec diamond, the evolution of the face weights under the domino shuffle and the matrix refactorization is the same. In particular, these dynamics can be used to find the inverse of the LGV matrix in the Eynard-Mehta Theorem.
description: 57 pages; 14 figures. Minor updates
Planetary parameters, XUV environments and mass-loss rates for nearby gaseous planets with X-ray detected host-stars
Creators: name: Spinelli, R.
name: Gallo, E.
name: Haardt, F.
name: Caldiroli, A.
name: Biassoni, F.
name: Borsa, F.
name: Rauscher, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We leverage Gaia DR2 parallactic distances to deliver new or revised estimates of planetary parameters and X-ray irradiation for a distance-limited ($\lesssim 100$ pc) sample of 27 gaseous planets (from super-Earths to hot Jupiters) with publicly available Chandra and/or XMM observations, for which we carry out a homogeneous data reduction. For 20 planets with X-ray detected host stars we make use of the photoionization hydrodynamics code ATES to derive updated atmospheric mass outflow rates. The newly derived masses/radii are not consistent with the exoplanet.eu values for five systems; HD 149026b and WASP-38, for mass; and Au Mic b, HAT-P-20 and HAT-P-2 for radii. Notably, the lower mass implies a (Saturn-like) density of $0.86\pm 0.09$ g cm$^{-3}$ for HD 149026 b. This independent estimate is consistent with the lowest values reported in the literature. Separately, we report on the X-ray detection of GJ 9827, HD 219134 and LHS 1140 for the first time. The inferred stellar X-ray luminosity of LHS 1140 ($1.34^{+0.19}_{-0.21} \times 10^{26}$ erg sec$^{-1}$) implies that LHS 1140 b is the least irradiated transiting super-Earth known to orbit within the habitable zone of a nearby M-dwarf.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ
Bayesian Statistical Pragmatism
Creators: name: Gelman, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Discussion of "Statistical Inference: The Big Picture" by R. E. Kass [arXiv:1106.2895]
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-STS337C the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Barrier height prediction by machine learning correction of semiempirical calculations
Creators: name: García-Andrade, Xabier
name: Tahoces, Pablo García
name: Pérez-Ríos, Jesús
name: Núñez, Emilio Martínez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Different machine learning (ML) models are proposed in the present work to predict DFT-quality barrier heights (BHs) from semiempirical quantum-mechanical (SQM) calculations. The ML models include multi-task deep neural network, gradient boosted trees by means of the XGBoost interface, and Gaussian process regression. The obtained mean absolute errors (MAEs) are similar or slightly better than previous models considering the same number of data points. Unlike other ML models employed to predict BHs, entropic effects are included, which enables the prediction of rate constants at different temperatures. The ML corrections proposed in this paper could be useful for rapid screening of the large reaction networks that appear in Combustion Chemistry or in Astrochemistry. Finally, our results show that 70% of the bespoke predictors are amongst the features with the highest impact on model output. This custom-made set of predictors could be employed by future delta-ML models to improve the quantitative prediction of other reaction properties.
Computing Lagrangian means
Creators: name: Kafiabad, Hossein A.
name: Vanneste, Jacques
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lagrangian averaging plays an important role in the analysis of wave--mean-flow interactions and other multiscale fluid phenomena. The numerical computation of Lagrangian means, e.g. from simulation data, is however challenging. Typical implementations require tracking a large number of particles to construct Lagrangian time series which are then averaged using a low-pass filter. This has drawbacks that include large memory demands, particle clustering and complications of parallelisation. We develop a novel approach in which the Lagrangian means of various fields (including particle positions) are computed by solving partial differential equations (PDEs) that are integrated over successive averaging time intervals. We propose two strategies, distinguished by their spatial independent variables. The first, which generalises the algorithm of Kafiabad (2022, J. Fluid Mech. 940, A2), uses end-of-interval particle positions; the second directly uses the Lagrangian mean positions. The PDEs can be discretised in a variety of ways, e.g. using the same discretisation as that employed for the governing dynamical equations, and solved on-the-fly to minimise the memory footprint. We illustrate the new approach with a pseudospectral implementation for the rotating shallow-water model. Two applications to flows that combine vortical turbulence and Poincare waves demonstrate the superiority of Lagrangian averaging over Eulerian averaging for wave--vortex separation.
Dynamical quantum phase transitions in Stark quantum spin chains
Creators: name: Faridfar, Mona
name: Fouladi, Ahmad A.
name: Vahedi, Javad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of one-dimension spin models in the presence of a uniform force. The linear potential induces delocalization-localization transition in the free particles model which is known as the Wannier-Stark effect. We study dynamical quantum phase transition (DQPT) due to sudden global quenches across a quantum critical point when the system undergoes a localization-delocalization transition. In this regard, we consider the XX and XXZ spin chains and explore two types of quenches with and without ramping through the delocalization-localization point. The XX model was mapped to the free fermion particles, so both analytical and numerical results were provided. Results unveil that the dynamical signature of localization-delocalization transition can be characterized by the nonanalyticities in dynamical free energy (corresponds to the zero points in the Loschmit echo). We also explore the interaction effects considering XXZ spin chains, using the time-dependent extension of the numerical DMRG technique. Our results show that depending on the anisotropic parameter $Δ\lessgtr1.0$, if both the initial and post-quench Hamiltonian are in the same phase or not, DQPTs may happen. Moreover, the interrelation between DQPTs with different correlation measures such as the equilibrium order parameters or entanglement entropy production of the system remains unclear. We provide more analyses on the feature of DQPTs, in both types of quenches, by connecting them to the average local magnetization, entanglement entropy production, and the Schmidt gap.
description: 11 pages including 9 multi-panel figures
Determining the optimal locations for shock acceleration in magnetohydrodynamical jets
Creators: name: Polko, Peter
name: Meier, David L.
name: Markoff, Sera
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of relativistic jets from black holes systems suggest that particle acceleration often occurs at fixed locations within the flow. These sites could be associated with critical points that allow the formation of standing shock regions, such as the magnetosonic modified fast point. Using the self-similar formulation of special relativistic magnetohydrodynamics by Vlahakis & Königl, we derive a new class of flow solutions that are both relativistic and cross the modified fast point at a finite height. Our solutions span a range of Lorentz factors up to at least 10, appropriate for most jets in X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei, and a range in injected particle internal energy. A broad range of solutions exists, which will allow the eventual matching of these scale-free models to physical boundary conditions in the analysis of observed sources.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 1 of Enhanced tolerance to drought stress resulting from Caragana korshinskii CkWRKY33 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana
Creators: name: Li, Zhen
name: Liang, Fengping
name: Zhang, Tianbao
name: Fu, Na
name: Pei, Xinwu
name: Long, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Sequence of primers for gene cloning
Warm dark matter from a gravitational freeze-in in extra dimensions
Creators: name: de Giorgi, Arturo
name: Vogl, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the freeze-in of gravitationally interacting dark matter in extra dimensions. Focusing on a minimal dark matter candidate that only interacts with the SM via gravity in a five-dimensional model we find that a large range of dark matter and Kaluza-Klein graviton masses can lead to the observed relic density. The preferred values of the masses and the strength of the interaction make this scenario very hard to test in terrestrial experiments. However, significant parts of the parameter space lead to warm dark matter and can be tested by cosmological and astrophysical observations.
description: 18 pages
Algebraic arctic curves in the domain-wall six-vertex model
Creators: name: Colomo, F.
name: Noferini, V.
name: Pronko, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The arctic curve, i.e. the spatial curve separating ordered (or `frozen') and disordered (or `temperate) regions, of the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions is discussed for the root-of-unity vertex weights. In these cases the curve is described by algebraic equations which can be worked out explicitly from the parametric solution for this curve. Some interesting examples are discussed in detail. The upper bound on the maximal degree of the equation in a generic root-of-unity case is obtained.
description: 15 pages, no figures; v2: metadata corrected
Additional file 1 of Acupuncture for diabetic peripheral neuropathy: study protocol for a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Creators: name: Deng, Haiping
name: Shu, Yu
name: Lv, Peiran
name: Zhao, Ling
name: Cheng, Ke
name: Zhang, Tingting
name: Song, Yi
name: Yang, Hua
name: Tang, Hong
name: Pei, Jian
name: Shen, Xueyong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Completed Standard Protocol Items: Recommendation for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) 2013 Checklist: items addressed in this clinical trial protocol.
General second order scalar-tensor theory, self tuning, and the Fab Four
Creators: name: Charmousis, Christos
name: Copeland, Edmund J.
name: Padilla, Antonio
name: Saffin, Paul M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from the most general scalar-tensor theory with second order field equations in four dimensions, we establish the unique action that will allow for the existence of a consistent self-tuning mechanism on FLRW backgrounds, and show how it can be understood as a combination of just four base Lagrangians with an intriguing geometric structure dependent on the Ricci scalar, the Einstein tensor, the double dual of the Riemann tensor and the Gauss-Bonnet combination. Spacetime curvature can be screened from the net cosmological constant at any given moment because we allow the scalar field to break Poincaré invariance on the self-tuning vacua, thereby evading the Weinberg no-go theorem. We show how the four arbitrary functions of the scalar field combine in an elegant way opening up the possibility of obtaining non-trivial cosmological solutions.
description: Just over 4 pages. Minor typos corrected. References added
A framework for understanding post-earthquake decisions on multi-storey concrete buildings in Christchurch, New Zealand
Creators: name: Marquis, Frederic
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: The 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquakes, which involved widespread damage during the February 2011 event and subsequent aftershocks, left this community with more than $NZD 40 billion in losses, demolition of approximately 60% of multi-storey concrete buildings, and closure of the core business district for over 2 years. This thesis presents a framework to understand the issues and complexities in relation to post-earthquake decisions (repair or demolish) on multi-storey concrete buildings in Christchurch. The primary research data for this thesis were collected through in-depth investigations on 15 case-study buildings using 27 interviews with various building stakeholders in New Zealand. As expected, the level of damage and repairability (cost to repair) generally dictated the course of action. There is strong evidence, however, that variables such as insurance, business strategies, perception of risks, uncertainty, and building regulations have significantly influenced the decision on a number of buildings. The decision-making process for each building is typically complex and unique, not solely driven by structural damage. The analysis of the case-study buildings and the interviews have shown that the main driving factors in the predominance of building demolitions in Christchurch were the ambiguous wording of insurance policies offered in New Zealand, the changes in building regulations following the earthquakes, and the lack of criteria for the evaluation of the residual capacity of damaged structures. Because of inadequate insurance cover, conservative engineering evaluations due to uncertainties in structural damage and capacity, and the difficulty of satisfying policy clauses, buildings were often considered uneconomical to repair. Furthermore, most property investors interviewed considered it a favourable outcome if their building was declared a total loss by their insurer and subsequently demolished, because of the availability, flexibility, and rapidity of cash settlements. This thesis also argues that the absence of clear criteria for the repairability of earthquake-damaged buildings implicitly counteracts resilience and sustainable development objectives of building codes. This lack of standards contributed to the demolition of potentially salvageable buildings, resulting in a substantial loss of the built environment.
Theoretical studies on switching of magnetisation in thin film
Creators: name: Naskar, Moumita
name: Acharyya, Muktish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present chapter, we focus on the switching of magnetisation, or the metastable lifetime of a ferromagnetic system. In this regard, particularly the Ising model and the Blume-Capel model, have been simulated in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field by the Monte-Carlo simulation technique based on the Metropolis algorithm. Magnetisation switching is found to be faster in the presence of disorder, modelled here by a quenched random field. The strength of the random field is observed to play a similar role to that played by temperature. Becker-Döring theory of classical nucleation (originally proposed for the spin-1/2 Ising system) has been verified in the random field Ising model. However, a stronger random field affects the nucleation regime. In a cubic Ising lattice, surface reversal time is found to be different from the bulk reversal time. That distinct behaviour of the surface in contrast to the bulk has been studied here by introducing a relative interfacial interaction strength ($R$). Depending on $R$, temperature, and applied field, a competitive switching of magnetisation of surface and bulk is noticed. The effect of anisotropy ($D$) on the metastable lifetime has been investigated. We report a linear dependency of the mean macroscopic reversal time on a suitably defined microscopic reversal time. The saturated magnetisation $M_f$, after the reversal, is noticed to be strongly dependent on $D$. $M_f$, $D$, and $h$ (field) are found to follow a proposed scaling relation. Finally, Becker-Döring theory as well as Avrami's law are verified in spin-$s$ Ising and Blume-Capel models. The switching time depends on the number of accessible spin states.
description: Invited review article, to appear in Comprehensive Materials Processing (2E), Elsevier
Additional file 2 of Gene regulation network analyses of pistil development in papaya
Creators: name: Liao, Zhenyang
name: Dong, Fei
name: Liu, Juan
name: Xu, Lele
name: Marshall-Colon, Amy
name: Ming, Ray
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2. Global transcript analysis in different stages/samples. a, Count the expression ratio of high/medium/low expressed genes. Percentage is used to indicate the number of genes at different expression levels b, Comparison of the number of expressed genes between females and males. The height of the histogram represents the number of gene expressions in different stages.
Inflating with Baryons
Creators: name: Baumann, Daniel
name: Green, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a field theory solution to the eta problem. By making the inflaton field the phase of a baryon of SU(N_c) supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory we show that all operators that usually spoil the flatness of the inflationary potential are absent. Our solution naturally generalizes to non-supersymmetric theories.
description: 5 pages
One-parameter dynamical dark-energy from the generalized Chaplygin gas
Creators: name: von Marttens, Rodrigo
name: Barbosa, Dinorah
name: Alcaniz, Jailson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fact that Einstein's equations connect the space-time geometry to the total matter content of the cosmic substratum, but not to individual contributions of the matter species, can be translated into a degeneracy in the cosmological dark sector. Such degeneracy makes it impossible to distinguish cases where dark energy (DE) interacts with dark matter (DM) from a dynamical non-interacting scenario using observational data based only on time or distance measurements. In this paper, based on the non-adiabatic generalized Chaplygin gas (gCg) model, we derive and study some cosmological consequences of a varying one-parameter dynamical DE parameterization, which does not allow phantom crossing. We perform a parameter selection using the most recent public available data, such as the data from Planck 2018, eBOSS DR16, Pantheon and KiDS-1000. We find that current observations provide strong constraints on the model parameters, leading to values very close to the $Λ$CDM cosmology, at the same time that the well-known $σ_8$ tension is reduced from $\sim 3σ$ to $\sim 1σ$ level.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, LaTeX
Automatic Hybrid-Precision Quantization for MIMO Detectors
Creators: name: Ge, Yingmeng
name: Ji, Zhenhao
name: Huang, Yongming
name: Zhang, Zaichen
name: You, Xiaohu
name: Zhang, Chuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In the design of wireless systems, quantization plays a critical role in hardware, which directly affects both area efficiency and energy efficiency. Being an enabling technique, the wide applications of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) heavily relies on efficient implementations balancing both performance and complexity. However, most of the existing detectors uniformly quantize all variables, resulting in high redundancy and low flexibility. Requiring both expertise and efforts, an in-depth tailored quantization usually asks for prohibitive costs and is not considered by conventional MIMO detectors. In this paper, a general framework named the automatic hybrid-precision quantization (AHPQ) is proposed with two parts: integral quantization determined by probability density function (PDF), and fractional quantization by deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Being automatic, AHPQ demonstrates high efficiency in figuring out good quantizations for a set of algorithmic parameters. For the approximate message passing (AMP) detector, AHPQ achieves up to $58.7\%$ lower average bitwidth than the unified quantization (UQ) one with almost no performance sacrifice. The feasibility of AHPQ has been verified by implementation with $65$ nm CMOS technology. Compared with its UQ counterpart, AHPQ exhibits $2.97\times$ higher throughput-to-area ratio (TAR) with $19.3\%$ lower energy dissipation. Moreover, by node compression and strength reduction, the AHPQ detector outperforms the state-of-the-art (SOA) in both throughput ($17.92$ Gb/s) and energy efficiency ($7.93$ pJ/b). The proposed AHPQ framework is also applicable for other digital signal processing algorithms.
Happiness Maximizing Sets under Group Fairness Constraints (Technical Report)
Creators: name: Zheng, Jiping
name: Ma, Yuan
name: Ma, Wei
name: Wang, Yanhao
name: Wang, Xiaoyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Finding a happiness maximizing set (HMS) from a database, i.e., selecting a small subset of tuples that preserves the best score with respect to any nonnegative linear utility function, is an important problem in multi-criteria decision-making. When an HMS is extracted from a set of individuals to assist data-driven algorithmic decisions such as hiring and admission, it is crucial to ensure that the HMS can fairly represent different groups of candidates without bias and discrimination. However, although the HMS problem was extensively studied in the database community, existing algorithms do not take group fairness into account and may provide solutions that under-represent some groups. In this paper, we propose and investigate a fair variant of HMS (FairHMS) that not only maximizes the minimum happiness ratio but also guarantees that the number of tuples chosen from each group falls within predefined lower and upper bounds. Similar to the vanilla HMS problem, we show that FairHMS is NP-hard in three and higher dimensions. Therefore, we first propose an exact interval cover-based algorithm called IntCov for FairHMS on two-dimensional databases. Then, we propose a bicriteria approximation algorithm called BiGreedy for FairHMS on multi-dimensional databases by transforming it into a submodular maximization problem under a matroid constraint. We also design an adaptive sampling strategy to improve the practical efficiency of BiGreedy. Extensive experiments on real-world and synthetic datasets confirm the efficacy and efficiency of our proposal.
description: Technical report, a shorter version to appear in PVLDB 16(2)
Distributed computing applied applied to the identification of new drugs
Creators: name: Isea, Raul
name: Mayo, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This work emphasizes the assets of implementing the distributed computing for the intensive use in computational science devoted to the search of new medicines that could be applied in public healthy problems.
description: 12 pages, Spanish
Strong quantum nonlocality without entanglement in $n$-partite system with even $n$
Creators: name: Zhou, Huaqi
name: Gao, Ting
name: Yan, Fengli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In multipartite systems, great progress has been made recently on the study of strong quantum nonlocality without entanglement. However, the existence of orthogonal product sets with strong quantum nonlocality in even party systems remains unknown. Here the even number is greater than four. In this paper, we successfully construct strongly nonlocal orthogonal product sets in $n$-partite systems for all even $n$, which answers the open questions given by Halder et al. [\href{https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.040403} {Phys. Rev. Lett \textbf{122}, 040403 (2019)}] and Yuan et al. [\href{https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.102.042228} {Phys. Rev. A \textbf{102}, 042228 (2020)}] for any possible even party systems. Thus, we find general construction of strongly nonlocal orthogonal product sets in space $\otimes_{i=1}^{n}\mathcal{C}^{d_{i}}$ ($n,d_{i}\geq 3$) and show that there do exist incomplete orthogonal product bases that can be strongly nonlocal in any possible $n$-partite systems for all even $n$. Our newly constructed orthogonal product sets are asymmetric. We analyze the differences and connections between these sets and the known orthogonal product sets in odd party systems. In addition, we present a local state discrimination protocol for our sets by using additional entangled resource. When at least two subsystems have dimensions greater than three, the protocol consumes less entanglement than teleportation-based protocol. Strongly nonlocal set implies that the information cannot be completely accessed as long as it does not happen that all parties are together. As an application, we connect our sets with local information hiding in multipartite system.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
How Earthquakes can affect Health Sector of the Economy.pdf
Creators: name: shahpari, mehran
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 130203 Economics, Business and Management Curriculum and Pedagogy
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: This study tries to focus on the impacts of earthquakes on the health sector, which is the most crucial sector through post-earthquakes phases. Damage to the healthcare centers is extremely important due to healthcare’s functions to save lives. Therefore, the aim is to study total loss to the health sector due to the earthquake. To overcome the difficulty of finding data about the number of healthcare centers destroyed during earthquakes, considering four factors: development level, older events, severity of the earthquake and the population of the places where the quakes happened, the number of destroyed healthcare centers for 29 earthquakes were simulated. Using an ARDL approach, the total loss to the health sector was considered to affect by the severity of earthquake, healthcare centers destroyed by disasters, GDP of the health sector and human development levels of countries. The results confirm that after the earthquake in the short run, the financial loss of the health sector is less in countries which have a powerful health sector. In the long run, the goods and services production of the healthcare sector must increase to meet the needs of reduction in the capital stock. Therefore, governments should reconstruct demolished centers, buildings etc. to meet the health needs of people.
Hall effect in a strong magnetic field: Direct comparisons of compressible magnetohydrodynamics and the reduced Hall magnetohydrodynamic equations
Creators: name: Martin, L. N.
name: Dmitruk, P.
name: Gomez, D. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we numerically test a model of Hall magnetohydrodynamics in the presence of a strong mean magnetic field, the reduced Hall MHD model (RHMHD) derived by Gomez et al., with the addition of weak compressible effects. The main advantage of this model lies in the reduction of computational cost. Nevertheless, up until now the degree of agreement with the original Hall MHD system and the range of validity in a regime of turbulence was not established. In this work direct numerical simulations of three-dimensional Hall MHD turbulence in the presence of a strong mean magnetic field are compared with simulations of the weak compressible RHMHD model. The results show that the degree of agreement is very high (when the different assumptions of RHMHD, like spectral anisotropy, are satisfied). Nevertheless, when the initial conditions are isotropic but the mean magnetic field is maintained strong, the results differ at the beginning but asymptotically reach a good agreement at relatively short times. We also found evidence that the compressibility still plays a role in the dynamics of these systems, and the weak compressible RHMHD model is able to capture these effects. In conclusion the weak compressible RHMHD model is a valid approximation of the Hall MHD turbulence in the relevant physical context.
Which Factors are associated with Open Access Publishing? A Springer Nature Case Study
Creators: name: Momeni, Fakhri
name: Dietze, Stefan
name: Mayr, Philipp
name: Biesenbender, Kristin
name: Peters, Isabella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Open Access (OA) facilitates access to articles. But, authors or funders often must pay the publishing costs preventing authors who do not receive financial support from participating in OA publishing and citation advantage for OA articles. OA may exacerbate existing inequalities in the publication system rather than overcome them. To investigate this, we studied 522,411 articles published by Springer Nature. Employing correlation and regression analyses, we describe the relationship between authors affiliated with countries from different income levels, their choice of publishing model, and the citation impact of their papers. A machine learning classification method helped us to explore the importance of different features in predicting the publishing model. The results show that authors eligible for APC waivers publish more in gold-OA journals than others. In contrast, authors eligible for an APC discount have the lowest ratio of OA publications, leading to the assumption that this discount insufficiently motivates authors to publish in gold-OA journals. We found a strong correlation between the journal rank and the publishing model in gold-OA journals, whereas the OA option is mostly avoided in hybrid journals. Also, results show that the countries' income level, seniority, and experience with OA publications are the most predictive factors for OA publishing in hybrid journals.