cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Animal house costs and management
Creators: name: Dalton, Rodger G.
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: In this paper, a sequel to 'Animal House Costs' (Dalton 1989), the author describes aspects of management of a large University animal house, making economies in annual expenditure and improving efﬁciency. Relative costs of ’in-house’ breeding and purchasing animals are considered and the problems of adapting animal house accomodation to meet changing requirements. Some fundamental concepts of animal accommodation are questioned and how these may relate to making savings on building capital and recurrent costs.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 16 No. 4 (1989)
Pulsed force sequences for fast phase-insensitive quantum gates in trapped ions
Creators: name: Steane, A M
name: Imreh, G
name: Home, J P
name: Leibfried, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to create quantum gates of arbitrary speed between trapped ions, using a laser walking wave, with complete insensitivity to drift of the optical phase, and requiring cooling only to the Lamb-Dicke regime. We present pulse sequences that satisfy the requirements and are easy to produce in the laboratory.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Comparative placentation in laboratory animals A review
Creators: name: Björkman, N.
name: Dantzer, V.
name: Leiser, R.
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: Many structural and functional differences between various placentas of laboratory animals are pointed out with emphasis on the two major groups, namely hemochorial and non-hemochorial types of placentation. This should be considered when species are selected for experiments involving placenta.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 16 No. 4 (1989)
Wood gnawing in mice is not associated with open-field behaviour
Creators: name: Omtzigt, C M
name: Van Den Broek, F A R
name: Beynen, A C
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: The question was addressed whether in two strains of mice the amount chewed off supplied balsa wood is correlated with one of six measured aspects of open-field behaviour. For individual mice there were no significant correlations. This may either relate to a different nature of wood gnawing and open-field behaviour or to the observed low degree of stability of these behaviours in individual animals.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 19 No. 3 (1992)
7 keV Scalar Dark Matter and the Anomalous Galactic X-ray Spectrum
Creators: name: Babu, K. S.
name: Mohapatra, Rabindra N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple model for a 7 keV scalar dark matter particle which also explains the recently reported anomalous peak in the galactic X-ray spectrum at 3.55 keV in terms of its two photon decay. The model is arguably the simplest extension of the Standard Model, with the addition of a real scalar gauge singlet field subject to a reflection symmetry. This symmetry breaks spontaneously at an energy scale of a few MeV which triggers the decay of the dark matter particle into two photons. In this framework, the Higgs boson of the Standard Model is also the source of dark matter in the Universe. The model fits the relic dark matter abundance and the partial lifetime for two photon decay, while being consistent with constraints from domain wall formation and dark matter self-interactions. We show that all these features of the model are preserved in its natural embedding into a simple dark $U(1)$ gauge theory with a Higgs mechanism. The properties of the dark photon get determined in such a scenario. High precision cosmological measurements can potentially test these models, as there are residual effects from domain wall formation and non-negligible self-interactions of dark matter.
description: Improved discussion of relic density and references updated; 22 pages, 5 figures
Investigating the origin of optical flares from the TeV blazar S4 0954+65
Creators: name: Pandey, Ashwani
name: Bachev, Rumen
name: Czerny, Bozena
name: Wiita, Paul J.
name: Gupta, Alok C.
name: Strigachev, Anton
name: Popowicz, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We aim to investigate the extreme variability properties of the TeV blazar S4 0954+65 using optical photometric and polarisation observations carried out between 2017 and 2023 using three ground-based telescopes. Methods. We examined an extensive dataset comprised of 138 intraday (observing duration shorter than a day) light curves (LCs) of S4 0954+65 for flux, spectral, and polarisation variations on diverse timescales. For the variable LCs, we computed the minimum variability timescales. We investigated flux-flux correlations and colour variations to look for spectral variations on long (several weeks to years) timescales. Additionally, we looked for connections between optical R-band flux and polarisation degree. Results. We found significant variations in 59 out of 138 intraday LCs. We detected a maximum change of 0.58$\pm$0.11 in V-band magnitude within $\sim$2.64 h and a corresponding minimum variability timescale of 18.21$\pm$4.87 mins on 2017 March 25. During the course of our observing campaign, the source brightness changed by $\sim$4 magnitudes in V and R bands; however, we did not find any strong spectral variations. The slope of the relative spectral energy distribution was 1.37$\pm$0.04. The degree of polarisation varied from $\sim$ 3% to 39% during our monitoring. We observed a change of $\sim$120 degrees in polarisation angle (PA) within $\sim$3 h on 2022 April 13. No clear correlation was found between optical flux and the degree of polarisation. Conclusions. The results of our optical flux, colour, and polarisation study provide hints that turbulence in the relativistic jet could be responsible for the intraday optical variations in the blazar S4 0954+65. However, the long-term flux variations may be caused by changes in the Doppler factor.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables, 4 appendix, Astronomy & Astrophysics journal (in press)
In situ method to estimate local effect of nasal preparations
Creators: name: Gizurarson, Sveinbjörn
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: The potential local toxicity to the respiratory mucosa of drugs, excipients and formulations should be tested in an appropriate animal model. Today: many models are available for such studies, giving different information. Since the mucociliary clearance is one of the most important defence mechanism of the human body against inhaled dust, allergens and microorganisms this mechanism may not be alTected or destroyed. Environmental conditions, such as humidity, temperature, airborne toxins, as well as chemicals and many pharmaceutical excipients affects this mechanism. This review gives a short insight into this field, focusing mainly on the frog palate model, Where the effect of drugs on the mueoeiliary transport rate may be studied.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 19 No. 3 (1992)
Generating Natural Language Descriptions from OWL Ontologies: the NaturalOWL System
Creators: name: Androutsopoulos, Ion
name: Lampouras, Gerasimos
name: Galanis, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present NaturalOWL, a natural language generation system that produces texts describing individuals or classes of OWL ontologies. Unlike simpler OWL verbalizers, which typically express a single axiom at a time in controlled, often not entirely fluent natural language primarily for the benefit of domain experts, we aim to generate fluent and coherent multi-sentence texts for end-users. With a system like NaturalOWL, one can publish information in OWL on the Web, along with automatically produced corresponding texts in multiple languages, making the information accessible not only to computer programs and domain experts, but also end-users. We discuss the processing stages of NaturalOWL, the optional domain-dependent linguistic resources that the system can use at each stage, and why they are useful. We also present trials showing that when the domain-dependent llinguistic resources are available, NaturalOWL produces significantly better texts compared to a simpler verbalizer, and that the resources can be created with relatively light effort.
Follow-up radio observations of the $τ$ Boötis exoplanetary system: Preliminary results from NenuFAR
Creators: name: Turner, Jake D.
name: Zarka, Philippe
name: Griessmeier, Jean-Mathias
name: Mauduit, Emilie
name: Lamy, Laurent
name: Kimura, Tomoki
name: Cecconi, Baptiste
name: Girard, Julien N.
name: Koopmans, L. V. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studying the magnetic fields of exoplanets will provide valuable information about their interior structures, atmospheric properties (escape and dynamics), and potential habitability. One of the most promising methods to detect exoplanetary magnetic fields is to study their auroral radio emission. However, there are no confirmed detections of an exoplanet in the radio despite decades of searching. Recently, Turner et al. 2021 reported a tentative detection of circularly polarized bursty emission from the $τ$ Boo exoplanetary system using LOFAR low-frequency beamformed observations. The likely source of this emission was presumed to be from the $τ$ Boo planetary system and a possible explanation is radio emission from the exoplanet $τ$ Boo b, produced via the cyclotron maser mechanism. Assuming the emission is from the planet, Turner et al. 2021 found that the derived planetary magnetic field is compatible with theoretical predictions. The need to confirm this tentative detection is critical as a conclusive detection would have broad implications for exoplanetary science. In this study, we performed a follow-up campaign on the $τ$ Boo system using the newly commissioned NenuFAR telescope in 2020. We do not detect any bursty emission in the NenuFAR observations. There are many different degenerate explanations for our non-detection. For example, the original bursty signal may have been caused by an unknown instrumental systematic. Alternatively, the planetary emission from $τ$ Boo b is variable. As planetary radio emission is triggered by the interaction of the planetary magnetosphere with the magnetized stellar wind, the expected intensity of the planetary radio emission varies greatly with stellar rotation and along the stellar magnetic cycle. More observations are needed to fully understand the mystery of the possible variability of the $τ$ Boo b radio emission.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication (Sept 4, 2023) for the Planetary, Solar, and Heliospheric Radio Emissions IX Proceedings. Refereed by 2 referees
Experimental model for CAPD studies in the rabbit
Creators: name: Schambye, Hans T
name: Pedersen, Regize B
name: Flesner, Per
name: Hardt-Madsen, Michael
name: Antonsen, Steen
name: Chemnitz, John
name: Pedersen, Fritz B
name: Detmer, Ann
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: An animal model suitable for bioeompatibility studies of peritoneal dialysis solutions is presented. It permits fluid exchanges to be performed 3 times a day for at least 28 days. thus simulating Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) in humans. The surgical procedure is lenient, without omentectomy and nephrectomy. A closed, subcutaneous placed eatheter-system permits the animals to thrive well and move freely between dialysis-fluid exchanges. A Y-shaped dialysis equipment which prevents air- and over-infusion was developed and is presented. The surgical procedure and the implanted catheter caused only minor histological changes of the peritoneum. No catheter-tunnel infections were observed. Our findings suggest that a slight peritoneal irritation is caused by the C:\PD-solutions, as non-infected, dialysed animals had a slightly higher body-temperature than controls and as the LD content of the dialysate was high probably indicating cell-lysis. Though peritonitis was not avoided this experimental model using rabbits was found suitable for long term CAPD studies.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 19 No. 3 (1992)
Effect of temperature on measurement of fundamental constants using white dwarfs in Gaia-EDR3 survey
Creators: name: Uniyal, Akhil
name: Kalita, Surajit
name: Chakrabarti, Sayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fundamental constants are crucial for comprehending physical mechanisms, but their measurements contain uncertainties due to experimental limitations. We investigate the impact of system temperature on these uncertainties using nearby white dwarfs observed in the Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) survey. Using the structures of these white dwarfs, we show that the variation in system temperature can affect the accuracy of measurements for fundamental parameters such as the fine-structure constant and the proton-to-electron mass ratio. This exploration emphasizes the importance of considering the energy of a system while putting bounds on the values of fundamental constants.
description: 6 pages with 3 figures; Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Convolution of orbital measures on symmetric spaces of type $C_p$ and $D_p$
Creators: name: Graczyk, Piotr
name: Sawyer, Patrice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the absolute continuity of the convolution $δ_{e^X}^\natural \starδ_{e^Y}^\natural$ of two orbital measures on the symmetric spaces ${\bf SO}_0(p,p)/{\bf SO}(p)\times{\bf SO}(p)$, $\SU(p,p)/{\bf S}({\bf U}(p)\times{\bf U}(p))$ and $\Sp(p,p)/{\bf Sp }(p)\times\Sp(p)$. We prove sharp conditions on $X$, $Y\in\a$ for the existence of the density of the convolution measure. This measure intervenes in the product formula for the spherical functions.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1212.0002
Real Time Speckle Image De-Noising
Creators: name: Kumar, D. Sachin
name: Seshadri, P. R.
name: Vaishnav, N.
name: Janaki, Dr. Saraswathi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The paper presents real time speckle de-noising based on activity computation algorithm and wavelet transform. Speckles arise in an image when laser light is reflected from an illuminated surface. The process involves detection of speckles in an image by obtaining a number of frames of the same object under different illumination or angle and comparing the frames for the granular computation and de-noising the same on presence of greater activity index. The project can be implemented in FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) technology. The results can be shown that the used activity computation algorithm and wavelet transform has better accuracy in the process of speckle detection and de-noising.
description: 9 pages
Conceptual Framework for Autonomous Cognitive Entities
Creators: name: Shapiro, David
name: Li, Wangfan
name: Delaflor, Manuel
name: Toxtli, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.4.0

description: The rapid development and adoption of Generative AI (GAI) technology in the form of chatbots such as ChatGPT and Claude has greatly increased interest in agentic machines. This paper introduces the Autonomous Cognitive Entity (ACE) model, a novel framework for a cognitive architecture, enabling machines and software agents to operate more independently. Drawing inspiration from the OSI model, the ACE framework presents layers of abstraction to conceptualize artificial cognitive architectures. The model is designed to harness the capabilities of the latest generative AI technologies, including large language models (LLMs) and multimodal generative models (MMMs), to build autonomous, agentic systems. The ACE framework comprises six layers: the Aspirational Layer, Global Strategy, Agent Model, Executive Function, Cognitive Control, and Task Prosecution. Each layer plays a distinct role, ranging from setting the moral compass and strategic thinking to task selection and execution. The ACE framework also incorporates mechanisms for handling failures and adapting actions, thereby enhancing the robustness and flexibility of autonomous agents. This paper introduces the conceptual framework and proposes implementation strategies that have been tested and observed in industry. The goal of this paper is to formalize this framework so as to be more accessible.
description: 34 pages, 12 figures
Investigation of Evaporation and Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel
Creators: name: AMSAL, MOHAMED
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Experimental methods in fluid flow, heat and mass transfer
Chemical and thermal processes in energy and combustion
Automotive combustion and fuel engineering
Computational methods in fluid flow, heat and mass transfer (incl. computational fluid dynamics)

description: Commercial adoption of renewable fuels such as biodiesels has been poor thus far due to their inherent combustion limitations. This thesis investigates the fundamental evaporation characteristics of palm biodiesel under varied environmental conditions to identify possible routes of enhancements to the overall combustion process. Higher temperatures and lower pressures were found to improve the evaporation of biodiesel droplets before ignition. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were also found to improve evaporation significantly. At optimum evaporation conditions, biodiesel flames produced lower nitrogen oxide emissions but more carbon monoxide than diesel and gasoline surrogate fuels.
Plasma-free amino acid response to changes in dietary protein in pregnant and non-pregnant Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
Creators: name: Berglund, LÖ
name: Lindberg, B
name: Gebre-Medhin, M
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: The plasma free amino acid response to shortterm dietary isoealoric protein reduction was studied in tour non-pregnant and four pregnant rhesus monkeys (Mariam mulatm). Before the introduction of the protein-reduced diet. a general reduction of most plasma free amino acids was observed during pregnancy compared to the nonpregnant state. The pregnant and non-pregnant monkeys responded differently to the proteinreduced diet, suggesting different mechanisms of coping with dietary protein restriction. The pregnant monkeys showed a further reduction of Virtually all amino acids while on the protein reduced diet, but normalized these changes after return to the habitual diet. The non-pregnant monkeys showed a decrease in both the essential and non-essential amino acids and an increase in mainly the non~essential amino acids, while on the protein-reduced diet. The decrease was reverted and the increase continued on resumption of the habitual diet. This is probably the pattern of plasma-free amino acid changes that can be expected in primate studies involving both pregnant and non-pregnant Rhesus monkeys using an isocalorie protein-redueed diet.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 19 No. 3 (1992)
Electronic and magnetic properties of Co_n Mo_m nanoclusters with n+m = x and 2<=x<=6 atoms from DFT calculations
Creators: name: Liebing, Simon
name: Martin, Claudia
name: Trepte, Kai
name: Kortus, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of the density functional theory study of Co_n Mo_m nanoclusters with n+m=x and 2<=x<=6 atoms on the all-electron level using the generalized gradient approximation. The discussion of the properties of the pure cobalt and molybdenium cluster is followed by an analysis of the respective mixed clusters of each cluster size x. We found that the magnetic moment of a given cluster is mainly due to the Co content and increases with increasing n. The magnetic anisotropy on the other hand becomes smaller for larger magnetic moments S. We observe an increase in the binding energy, electron affinity, and average bond length with increasing cluster size as well as a decrease in the ionization potential, chemical potential, molecular hardness and the HOMO-LUMO gap.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Fundamental challenges in packing problems: from spherical to non-spherical particles
Creators: name: Baule, Adrian
name: Makse, Hernán A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Random packings of objects of a particular shape are ubiquitous in science and engineering. However, such jammed matter states have eluded any systematic theoretical treatment due to the strong positional and orientational correlations involved. In recent years progress on a fundamental description of jammed matter could be made by starting from a constant volume ensemble in the spirit of conventional statistical mechanics. Recent work has shown that this approach, first introduced by S. F. Edwards more than two decades ago, can be cast into a predictive framework to calculate the packing fractions of both spherical and non-spherical particles.
description: Highlight article in Soft Matter
Three-dimensional solitons in Rydberg-Dressed cold atomic gases with spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Zhao, Yuan
name: Hu, Heng-Jie
name: Zhou, Qian-Qian
name: Qiu, Zhang-Cai
name: Xue, Li
name: Xu, Si-Liu
name: Zhou, Qin
name: Malomed, Boris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present numerical results for three-dimensional (3D) solitons with symmetries of the semi-vortex (SV) and mixed-mode (MM) types, which can be created in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates of Rydberg atoms under the action of the spin-orbit coupling (SOC). By means of systematic numerical computations, we demonstrate that the interplay of SOC and long-range spherically symmetric Rydberg interactions stabilize the 3D solitons, improving their resistance to collapse. We find how the stability range depends on the strengths of the SOC and Rydberg interactions and the soft-core atomic radius.
description: to be published in Scientific Reports
The cylindrical jet base of M87 within 100$μ\rm{as}$ of the central engine
Creators: name: Punsly, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent article on high-resolution 86 GHz observations with the Global Millimeter VLBI Array, the phased Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, and the Greenland Telescope describes the detection of a limb-brightened cylindrical jet, $25 μ\rm{as}< z< 100 μ\rm{as}$, where $z$ is the axial displacement from the supermassive black hole in the sky plane. It was shown to be much wider and much more collimated than 2D simulations of electromagnetic (Blandford-Znajek) jets from the event horizon predicted. This was an unanticipated discovery. The claimed detection of a jet connected to the accretion flow provides a direct observational constraint on the geometry and physics of the jet launching region for the first time in any black hole jetted system. This landmark detection warrants further analysis. This Letter focuses on the most rudimentary properties, the shape and size of the source of the detected jet emission, the determination of which is not trivial due to line-of-sight effects. Simple thick-walled cylindrical shell models for the source were analyzed to constrain the thickness of the jet wall. The analysis indicates a tubular jet source with a radius $R\approx 144 μ\rm{as}\approx 38M$ and that the tubular jet walls have a width $W \approx 36μ\rm{as} \approx 9.5 M$, where $M$ is the geometrized mass of the black hole (a volume comparable to that of the interior cavity). The observed cylindrical jet connects continuously to the highly limb-brightened jet (previously described as a thick-walled tubular jet) that extends to $z> 0.65$ mas, and the two are likely in fact the same outflow (i.e., from the same central engine).
description: To be published as an A&A Letter
Strain restricted typing sera for the use in the genetic monitoring of inbred strains of mice and rats from two danish SPF breeders
Creators: name: Jensen, Lene
name: Hansen, Axel Kornerup
name: Dagnaes-Hansen, Frederik
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: Strain restricted typing sera (SRTS) were produced for some of the most used inbred mouse and rat strains in Denmark by injecting lymphocytes pooled from several different strains intraperitoneally into the recipients. The SRTS were combined with a complement dependent cytotoxieity assay. It was possible to distinguish animals from strains with different MHC haplotypes but not animals from strains with the same MHC haplotype. It was concluded that the SRTS eomhined with a complement dependent cytotoxicity assay could distinguish between some of the most commonly used inbred strains of rats and mice in Denmark.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 19 No. 3 (1992)
The Microscopic Features of Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation May Affect the Macroscopic Morphology of Atmospheric Ice Crystals
Creators: name: Cox, Stephen J.
name: Raza, Zamaan
name: Kathmann, Shawn M.
name: Slater, Ben
name: Michaelides, Angelos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is surprisingly difficult to freeze water. Almost all ice that forms under "mild" conditions (temperatures > -40 degrees Celsius) requires the presence of a nucleating agent - a solid particle that facilitates the freezing process - such as clay mineral dust, soot or bacteria. In a computer simulation, the presence of such ice nucleating agents does not necessarily alleviate the difficulties associated with forming ice on accessible timescales. Nevertheless, in this work we present results from molecular dynamics simulations in which we systematically compare homogeneous and heterogeneous ice nucleation, using the atmospherically important clay mineral kaolinite as our model ice nucleating agent. From our simulations, we do indeed find that kaolinite is an excellent ice nucleating agent but that contrary to conventional thought, non-basal faces of ice can nucleate at the basal face of kaolinite. We see that in the liquid phase, the kaolinite surface has a drastic effect on the density profile of water, with water forming a dense, tightly bound first contact layer. Monitoring the time evolution of the water density reveals that changes away from the interface may play an important role in the nucleation mechanism. The findings from this work suggest that heterogeneous ice nucleating agents may not only enhance the ice nucleation rate, but also alter the macroscopic structure of the ice crystals that form.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Spectroscopy of van der Waals nanomaterials: Opportunities and Challenges
Creators: name: Mambakkam, Sivakumar Vishnuvardhan
name: Law, Stephanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of van der Waals (vdW) materials has seen increased interest in recent years, due to the wide range of uses for these materials because of their unique mechanical, electronic, and optical properties. This area has recently expanded further into studying the behavior of vdW nanomaterials, as decreasing dimensions open up opportunities to interact with these materials in new ways. However, measuring the band structures of nanomaterials, which is key to understanding how confinement affects material properties and interactions, comes with several challenges. In this review, we survey a range of techniques for synthesizing and characterizing vdW nanomaterials, in order to outline the key material and characterization challenges. This includes controlling the Fermi level in vdW nanoparticles, preparing these particles for either ensemble or individual particle measurement, as well as protecting the pristine surface from oxidation.
title: Environmental Public Health Tracking: Characterisation of Environmental Hazards, Exposures and Related Health Outcomes
Creators: name: Crabbe, Helen
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2024

description: The World Health Organization estimates that 12.6 million deaths each year are attributable to unhealthy environments and 23% of global deaths are due to modifiable environmental factors. Priority areas include chemicals, air quality, water, waste and climate change, all of which have been identified as environmental hazards that impact health the most.

Monitoring environmental change and impacts on health is key to managing these effects, guiding sustainable environmental practices and public health interventions. The field of environmental public health monitors environmental change and aims to minimize its impacts and burden on health. Surveillance and characterisation of environmental exposures and hazards and the resultant health impacts are techniques involved in Environmental Public Health Tracking (EPHT), a concept first introduced in the USA in the late 1990s by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and adopted in 2010 by the UK’s Health Security Agency forerunners. The development of EPHT in the UK and the application of such surveillance through case studies and method development is the focus of this thesis.

This thesis is based on the author’s 11 publications on the application of EPHT to characterise environmental hazards, exposures and related health outcomes. The thesis critically assesses the benefit of developing EPHT in England using case studies, applied to different environmental media (air, land and water). The papers appraise examples of hazard tracking (geology influence on arsenic in water), exposure tracking (housing characteristics as a risk for elevated blood lead concentrations, and outcome tracking (carbon monoxide and bushfire related hospital admissions). Methods and tools assessed include the use of event-based surveillance, decision support tools and cluster investigation 
guidance.

This research has contributed to developing a global network of EPHT practice, supporting countries in characterising environmental health impacts, applying prioritization methods and developing best practice guidance and techniques.
Chronic inﬂammatory lung lesions in rabbits free of known respiratory pathogens
Creators: name: Feinstein, Ricardo E.
name: Uzal, Francisco A.
name: Rehbinder, Claes
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: Chronic inﬂammatory lung lesions were studied in 58 purpose bred, clinically healthy rabbits that were found negative for Bordetella branchiseptica, Pasleurel/a multocida, Toxoplasma gondii, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, and lung worms. The changes found consisted of focal chronic interstitial pneumonia and chronic bronchitis and bronchiolitis, which were frequently associated with perivascular infiltrations of mononuclear leukocytes and vasculitis involving small lung vessels. The etiology of these alterations remains unknown.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 16 No. 2 (1989)
A method for evaluation of epididymal sperm count and motility in the rat
Creators: name: Ernst, Erik
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: To study possible deleterious effects of environmental agents upon the male fertility a method to obtain live spermatozoa from rat epididymis was developed. The method was easy to carry out and produced reproducible results. The semen obtained was of good quality. Other methods to obtain sperm from rats and problems connected with these are discussed. Factors influencing the number and motility of spermatozoa obtained from rat epididymis are discussed.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 16 No. 2 (1989)
Transgenic mice: A powerful tool for basic research
Creators: name: Karlström, Olle
name: Jensen, Niels Aagård
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: Our intention with this paper is to explain why transgenic mice have become an indispensable tool to molecular biology. The central parts of the paper are: a description of how transgenic mice are made by microinjection of DNA into the nucleus of an early embryo, a background orientation about molecular biology, and three examples of uses of transgenic mice. The examples illustrate how transgenic mice can be used to help in the answering of the following grand questions: 1. How is an individual gene regulated during the embryological development? 2. How is cell proliferation normally controlled, and how does the control become defective when normal cells turn into cancer cells? 3. How can a gene defect be related to function as seen in the individual and in an affected tissue? Furthermore, we discuss some difficulties that concern the making oftransgenic animals and finally comment briefly on a few further develop— ments, present and immediately foreseen.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 16 No. 2 (1989)
Down the rabbit hole with theories of class S
Creators: name: Razamat, Shlomo S.
name: Willett, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review some of the properties of 3d N=4 theories obtained by dimensionally reducing theories of class S. We study 3d partition functions, and certain limits thereof, for such theories, and the properties implied for these by 3d mirror symmetry.
Ontological Approach toward Cybersecurity in Cloud Computing
Creators: name: Takahashi, Takeshi
name: Kadobayashi, Youki
name: Fujiwara, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Widespread deployment of the Internet enabled building of an emerging IT delivery model, i.e., cloud computing. Albeit cloud computing-based services have rapidly developed, their security aspects are still at the initial stage of development. In order to preserve cybersecurity in cloud computing, cybersecurity information that will be exchanged within it needs to be identified and discussed. For this purpose, we propose an ontological approach to cybersecurity in cloud computing. We build an ontology for cybersecurity operational information based on actual cybersecurity operations mainly focused on non-cloud computing. In order to discuss necessary cybersecurity information in cloud computing, we apply the ontology to cloud computing. Through the discussion, we identify essential changes in cloud computing such as data-asset decoupling and clarify the cybersecurity information required by the changes such as data provenance and resource dependency information.
description: This is a preprint version of our paper presented in SIN'10, Sept. 7-11, 2010, Taganrog, Rostov Oblast, Russia, International Conference on Security of Information and Networks, 2010
Deciduous wood chips as bedding material: Estimation of dust yield, water absorption and microbiological comparison
Creators: name: Haataja, Heli
name: Voipio, Hanna-Marja
name: Nevalainen, Aino
name: Jantunen, Matti J.
name: Nevalainen, Timo
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: Dust yield, water absorbing capacity and airborne microbes of laboratory animal beddings made of deciduous wood were compared. Three different bedding materials, aspen, alder and birch, two chip sizes and effects of a softening treatment were studied. Overall dust yield from Chips was relatively low. Aspen should, however, be preferred to alder, because it was less dusty. Small (1 X 2 X 1 mm) aspen Chips yielded less inhalable dust than the large chips (4 X 4 X 1 mm). Water absorbing capacity was better in small chips than in large chips and could also be increased with a softening procedure. In this study softening of small aspen chips resulted in unacceptable high dust yield. Though alder had a better water absorbing capacity, aspen seems to soak up urine well enough during a normal change cycle.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 16 No. 3 (1989)
Quantum transport evidence for a three-dimensional Dirac semimetal phase in Cd3As2
Creators: name: He, L. P.
name: Hong, X. C.
name: Dong, J. K.
name: Pan, J.
name: Zhang, Z.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Li, S. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The material termed three-dimensional (3D) Dirac semimetal has attracted great interests recently, since it is an electronic analogue to two-dimensional graphene. Starting from this novel phase, various topologically distinct phases may be obtained, such as topological insulator, Weyl semimetal, quantum spin Hall insulator, and topological superconductor. Soon after the theoretical predictions, the angle-resolve photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy experiments gave evidences for 3D Dirac points in Na3Bi and Cd3As2. Here we report quantum transport properties of Cd3As2 single crystal in magnetic field. A sizable linear quantum magnetoresistance is observed at high temperature. With decreasing temperature, the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations appear in both longitudinal resistance Rxx and transverse Hall resistance Rxy. From the strong oscillatory component ΔRxx, the linear dependence of Landau index n on 1/B gives an n-axis intercept 0.58. Our quantum transport result clearly reveals a nontrivial π Berry's phase, thus provides strong bulk evidence for a 3D Dirac semimetal phase in Cd3As2. This may open new perspectives for its use in electronic devices.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Large isoperimetric regions in asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds
Creators: name: Chodosh, Otis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show the existence of isoperimetric regions of sufficiently large volumes in general asymptotically hyperbolic three manifolds. Furthermore, we show that large coordinate spheres in compact perturbations of Schwarzschild-anti-deSitter are uniquely isoperimetric. This is relevant in the context of the asymptotically hyperbolic Penrose inequality. Our results require that the scalar curvature of the metric satisfies $R_{g}\geq -6$, and we construct an example of a compact perturbation of Schwarzschild-anti-deSitter without $R_{g}\geq -6$ so that large centered coordinate spheres are not isoperimetric. The necessity of scalar curvature bounds is in contrast with the analogous uniqueness result proven by Bray for compact perturbations of Schwarzschild, where no such scalar curvature assumption is required. This demonstrates that from the point of view of the isoperimetric problem, mass behaves quite differently in the asymptotically hyperbolic setting compared to the asymptotically flat setting. In particular, in the asymptotically hyperbolic setting, there is an additional quantity, the "renormalized volume," which has a strong effect on the large-scale geometry of volume.
description: 57 pages, 1 figure. Comments welcome!
The holographic dual of a Hawking pair has a wormhole
Creators: name: Jensen, Kristan
name: Karch, Andreas
name: Robinson, Brandon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In previous work, two of us constructed the holographic dual of a single Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair in maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. Here we extend that work in two directions. First, we use a Randall-Sundrum brane to couple the entangled pair to dynamical gravity. Second, we consider the entangled pair in the background of a black hole with the particles on opposite sides of the horizon, turning the EPR pair into a Hawking pair. We give general arguments that ER=EPR should be understood as a duality between two equivalent descriptions of the same physical reality.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures; references updated
Animal house costs
Creators: name: Dalton, Rodger G.
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: The costs of providing the facility of a modern University animal house of 1,000 square metres usable area are analysed. These include capital expenditure on the building and its equipment, recurrent costs of the building’s services, staff and animals. Estimated total costs are £350,000 per annum. Building capital and recurrent costs represent approximately 50%, staff costs 30% and animal costs 20%. Thus, the University, as the central financing body, pays 80% of the cost of providing the facility for experimental work on animals.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 16 No. 3 (1989)
Vital staining of calcifying tissue in animals with Tetracycline, Calcein green and Xylenol orange
Creators: name: Kramhoft, Morten
name: Jensen, Lars Nimb
name: Jensen, Jorgen Steen
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: Vital staining of calcifying tissue has been reported in previous studies‘ but such investigations have involved either a constant labelling with one dye. or double or triple labelling; with one or more dyes. 1n the present study five adult dogs had a constant oral administration of Tetracyclines and two infusions of Caleein green and Xylenol orange, each administered twice after 3 and 4 weeks and 11 and 12 weeks, respectively. This method caused all newly formed bone to be marked with Tetracycline. Qualitative information can be obtained by observing the location of the Caleein green bands and the Xy1enol orange bands. The bone formation rate can be determined by measuring the distance between labelling bands of Caleein green and Xylenol orange. We found this method of combined labelling to be of value in the investigation of bone remodelling, particularly in cases ofsurgieal trauma.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 19 No. 2 (1992)
VR PreM+ : An Immersive Pre-learning Branching Visualization System for Museum Tours
Creators: name: Gao, Ze
name: Li, Xiang
name: Liu, Changkun
name: Wang, Xian
name: Wang, Anqi
name: Yang, Liang
name: Wang, Yuyang
name: Hui, Pan
name: Braud, Tristan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.2; I.2.7
subject: 14J60 (Primary) 14F05, 14J26 (Secondary)

description: We present VR PreM+, an innovative VR system designed to enhance web exploration beyond traditional computer screens. Unlike static 2D displays, VR PreM+ leverages 3D environments to create an immersive pre-learning experience. Using keyword-based information retrieval allows users to manage and connect various content sources in a dynamic 3D space, improving communication and data comparison. We conducted preliminary and user studies that demonstrated efficient information retrieval, increased user engagement, and a greater sense of presence. These findings yielded three design guidelines for future VR information systems: display, interaction, and user-centric design. VR PreM+ bridges the gap between traditional web browsing and immersive VR, offering an interactive and comprehensive approach to information acquisition. It holds promise for research, education, and beyond.
description: Accepted for publication at The Eleventh International Symposium of Chinese CHI (Chinese CHI 2023), Bali
On Moduli Spaces in $\bf{AdS_4}$ Supergravity
Creators: name: de Alwis, Senarath
name: Louis, Jan
name: McAllister, Liam
name: Triendl, Hagen
name: Westphal, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the structure of the supersymmetric moduli spaces of ${\cal N}=1$ and ${\cal N}=2$ supergravity theories in $AdS_4$ backgrounds. In the ${\cal N}=1$ case, the moduli space cannot be a complex submanifold of the Kähler field space, but is instead real with respect to the inherited complex structure. In ${\cal N}=2$ supergravity the same result holds for the vector multiplet moduli space, while the hypermultiplet moduli space is a Kähler submanifold of the quaternionic-Kähler field space. These findings are in agreement with AdS/CFT considerations.
description: LaTeX, 1+24 pages, 1 figure
Immunohistochemical staining for S-lOO and GFAP proteins of spontaneous brain tumours in Wistar rats
Creators: name: Madsen, C.
name: Ladefoged, O.
Publisher: name: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences
Year: 2019

description: The occurrence of spontaneous brain tumours in rats is relatively rare. The need for a histological correct classiﬁcation of rat brain tumours is of great importance in evaluation of chemical induced brain neoplasms in long term carcinogenicity studies. The value of additional immunohistochemical staining for GFAP and S-100 proteins were investigated in a long term carcinogenicity study. Astrocytomas were positive for the GFAP protein but no tumours had a clear positive reaction for the S-100 protein. The most common tumour type was granular cell tumour which did not stain for the GFAP and S-100 proteins. However one tumour of this type had a subpopulation of cells that stained for GFAP protein. In the light of the relatively few astrocytomas in the material, no ﬁrm conclusion on the value of staining for GFAP protein can be drawn. However the investigation suggests that staining for GFAP protein is of value in the diagnosis ofastrocytomas. Staining for S-100 protein did not show a positive reaction in any ofthe tumours. In conclusion staining for S-100 protein in this study did not have any diagnostic value.
description: Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Vol. 16 No. 1 (1989)