cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Impact of Including a Photo with a News Headline on Veracity Judgements for Fake News
Creators: name: Ewing, Maxine
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 170202 Decision Making
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Fake News comes in many, pervasive forms, and has dominated the conversation aroundimportant world events, including the 2016 and 2020 United States presidential election. In thisstudy, we explore how photos as a medium may be impacting how people are able to distinguishreal from fake news. Previous research has explored how elements such as news sources, traitsand characterizations of people, and system 1 and 2 processing affect how people discern fakefrom real news. However, the question of how different types of media may be impacting howpeople read news has yet to be explored. In the current study participants judged the veracity of30 news article headlines, all of which actually circulated in the US around 2016 to more currenttimes. Inclusion of a photo did not significantly change how well participants discriminated fakefrom real news, suggesting that people do not use photos as a cue for the believability of a story.Further research is necessary to better understand how photos and other forms of media mayimpact the believability of news.
Classical Cepheids: Yet another version of the Baade-Becker-Wesselink method
Creators: name: Rastorguev, Alexey S.
name: Dambis, Andrei K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new version of the Baade--Becker--Wesselink technique, which allows one to independently determine the colour excess and the intrinsic colour of a radially pulsating star, in addition to its radius, luminosity, and distance. It is considered to be a generalization of the Balona approach. The method also allows the function F(CI) = BC + 10 log (Teff) for the class of pulsating stars considered to be calibrated. We apply this technique to a number of classical Cepheids with very accurate light and radial-velocity curves and with bona fide membership in open clusters (SZ Tau, CF Cas, U Sgr, DL Cas, GY Sge), and find the results to agree well with the reddening estimates of the host open clusters. The new technique can also be applied to other pulsating variables, e.g. RR Lyrae and RV Tauri.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, 1 table; Submitted to Astrophysical Bulletin, 2011
Elliptic problems on weighted locally finite graphs
Creators: name: Imbesi, Maurizio
name: Bisci, Giovanni Molica
name: Repovš, Dušan D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 35R02, Secondary: 35J91, 35A15

description: Let $\mathscr G:= (V,E)$ be a weighted locally finite graph whose finite measure $μ$ has a positive lower bound. Motivated by wide interest in the current literature, in this paper we study the existence of classical solutions for a class of elliptic equations involving the $μ$-Laplacian operator on the graph $\mathscr G$, whose analytic expression is given by \begin{equation*} Δ_μ u(x) := \frac{1}{μ(x)} \sum_{y\sim x} w(x,y) (u(y)-u(x)),\ \hbox{for all} \ x\in V, \end{equation*} where $w : V\times V \rightarrow [0,+\infty)$ is a weight symmetric function and the sum on the right-hand side of the above expression is taken on the neighbors vertices $x,y\in V$, that is $x\sim y$ whenever $w(x,y) > 0$. More precisely, by exploiting direct variational methods, we study problems whose simple prototype has the following form $$-Δ_μ u(x)=λf(x,u(x)),\ x \in \mathop D\limits^ \circ , \ \hbox{and} \ u|_{\partial D}=0,$$ where $D$ is a bounded domain of $V$ such that $\mathop D\limits^ \circ\neq \emptyset$ and $\partial D\neq \emptyset$, the nonlinear term $f : D \times \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ satisfy suitable structure conditions and $λ$ is a positive real parameter. By applying a critical point result coming out from a classical Pucci-Serrin theorem in addition to a local minimum result for differentiable functionals due to Ricceri, we are able to prove the existence of at least two solutions for the treated problems. We emphasize the crucial role played by the famous Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz growth condition along the proof of the main theorem and its consequences. Our results improve the general results obtained by Grigor'yan, Lin, and Yang (J. Differential Equations 261(9) (2016), 4924-4943).
Global multiplicity for parametric anisotropic Neumann $(p,q)$-equations
Creators: name: Papageorgiou, Nikolaos S.
name: Rădulescu, Vicenţiu D.
name: Repovš, Dušan D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 35A16, 35J20, Secondary: 03H05, 35J70, 47J30, 58E05

description: We consider a Neumann boundary value problem driven by the anisotropic $(p,q)$-Laplacian plus a parametric potential term. The reaction is ``superlinear". We prove a global (with respect to the parameter) multiplicity result for positive solutions. Also, we show the existence of a minimal positive solution and finally, we produce a nodal solution.
Applications of machine learning for solving complex quantum problems
Creators: name: Vargas-Hernández, Rodrigo Alejandro
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2019

description: This thesis illustrates the use of machine learning algorithms and exact numerical methods to study quantum observables for different systems. The first part of this thesis depicts how to construct accurate potential energy surfaces (PESs) using supervised learning algorithms such as Gaussian Process (GP) regression. PESs have a leading part in quantum chemistry since they are used to study chemical reaction dynamics. Constructing the PES from quantum reactive scattering calculations, as the reaction probability, is known as the inverse scattering problem. Here, we illustrate a possible solution to the inverse scattering problem with a two-tiered GP model one GP model interpolates the PES and the second in Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithm. The end result is an accurate PES constructed with a GP with fewer points than with standard methods previously used for PES. BO is an optimization algorithm for black-box functions that use GP regression as an approximation of the interrogative function. We applied BO to find the optimal parameters of hybrid-density functionals. Quantum observables can differ between phases of matter. GP models with kernel combinations can extrapolate quantum observables such as the polaron dispersion energy between different phases and discover phases of matter. The same algorithm can predict quantum observables where standard numerical techniques lack convergence. In the second half of the dissertation, we studied the evolution of quantum walks in various graphs with Hamiltonians permitting particle number changes. We showed that particle number-changing interactions accelerate quantum walks for any of the graph considered. Quantum simulators to study many-body physics is an active research field. We proposed the use of magnetic atoms trapped in optical lattices to experimentally mimic Bose-Hubbard type models by preparing atoms in different Zeeman states.
Inter-Domain Fusion for Enhanced Intrusion Detection in Power Systems: An Evidence Theoretic and Meta-Heuristic Approach
Creators: name: Sahu, Abhijeet
name: Davis, Katherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: False alerts due to misconfigured/ compromised IDS in ICS networks can lead to severe economic and operational damage. To solve this problem, research has focused on leveraging deep learning techniques that help reduce false alerts. However, a shortcoming is that these works often require or implicitly assume the physical and cyber sensors to be trustworthy. Implicit trust of data is a major problem with using artificial intelligence or machine learning for CPS security, because during critical attack detection time they are more at risk, with greater likelihood and impact, of also being compromised. To address this shortcoming, the problem is reframed on how to make good decisions given uncertainty. Then, the decision is detection, and the uncertainty includes whether the data used for ML-based IDS is compromised. Thus, this work presents an approach for reducing false alerts in CPS power systems by dealing uncertainty without the knowledge of prior distribution of alerts. Specifically, an evidence theoretic based approach leveraging Dempster Shafer combination rules are proposed for reducing false alerts. A multi-hypothesis mass function model is designed that leverages probability scores obtained from various supervised-learning classifiers. Using this model, a location-cum-domain based fusion framework is proposed and evaluated with different combination rules, that fuse multiple evidence from inter-domain and intra-domain sensors. The approach is demonstrated in a cyber-physical power system testbed with Man-In-The-Middle attack emulation in a large-scale synthetic electric grid. For evaluating the performance, plausibility, belief, pignistic, etc. metrics as decision functions are considered. To improve the performance, a multi-objective based genetic algorithm is proposed for feature selection considering the decision metrics as the fitness function.
description: 11 pages, 21 Figures (out of which 17 sub-figures), 1 table
Software Runtime Monitoring with Adaptive Sampling Rate to Collect Representative Samples of Execution Traces
Creators: name: Mertz, Jhonny
name: Nunes, Ingrid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Monitoring software systems at runtime is key for understanding workloads, debugging, and self-adaptation. It typically involves collecting and storing observable software data, which can be analyzed online or offline. Despite the usefulness of collecting system data, it may significantly impact the system execution by delaying response times and competing with system resources. The typical approach to cope with this is to filter portions of the system to be monitored and to sample data. Although these approaches are a step towards achieving a desired trade-off between the amount of collected information and the impact on the system performance, they focus on collecting data of a particular type or may capture a sample that does not correspond to the actual system behavior. In response, we propose an adaptive runtime monitoring process to dynamically adapt the sampling rate while monitoring software systems. It includes algorithms with statistical foundations to improve the representativeness of collected samples without compromising the system performance. Our evaluation targets five applications of a widely used benchmark. It shows that the error (RMSE) of the samples collected with our approach is 9-54% lower than the main alternative strategy (sampling rate inversely proportional to the throughput), with 1-6% higher performance impact.
description: in Journal of Systems and Software
Terminalia tetraphylla Gere & Boatwr.
Creators: name: Molino, Jean-François
name: Sabatier, Daniel
name: Grenand, Pierre
name: Engel, Julien
name: Frame, Dawn
name: Delprete, Piero G.
name: Fleury, Marie
name: Odonne, Guillaume
name: Davy, Damien
name: Lucas, Eve J.
name: Martin, Claire A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Myrtales
Combretaceae
Terminalia
Terminalia tetraphylla

description: [414] Terminalia tetraphylla (Aubl.) Gere & Boatwr.
 Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 184 (3): 322 [epubl. 22 June 2017] (Gere & Boatwright 2017). — Cordia tetraphylla Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 224 [Jun.-Dec. 1775] (Aublet 1775). — Firensia lutea Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 40 (Rafinesque 1838), nom. illeg. superfl. (based on Cordia tetraphylla). — Lithocardium tetraphyllum (Aubl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 977 [5 Nov. 1891] (Kuntze 1891). — Buchenavia tetraphylla (Aubl.) R.A.Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 64 (2): 266 [Apr. 1983] (Howard 1983). — Gerascanthus tetraphyllus (Aubl.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 34 (3-4): 402 (Borhidi 1988).
 Bucida capitata Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 50 (Vahl 1797). — Buchenavia capitata (Vahl) Eichler, Flora 49 (11): 165 (Eichler 1866). — Terminalia capitata (Vahl) C.Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Med. Habana 5: 410 (Wright 1869).
 Hudsonia arborea A.Rob. ex Lunan, Hort. Jamaic. 2: 310 (Lunan 1814).
 Terminalia obovata Cambess., Fl. Bras.Merid. [A. St.-Hil.] (quarto ed.) 2 (17): 241 [“1829” publ. 4 Dec. 1830] (Cambessèdes 1830). — Terminalia hilariana Steud., Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 668 (Steudel 1841), nom. illeg. superfl. (based on Terminalia obovata).
 Bucida angustifolia Spruce ex Eichler, Flora 49 (11): 165 (Eichler 1866), nom. illeg. hom., non DC. (Candolle 1828).
 Pseudolmedia bucidifolia Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 109 (Bello 1883), “ bucidaefolia ”.
 Buchenavia gracilis Glaz., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 54 (Mém. 3c): 203 [“1907” publ. 22 Feb. 1908] (Glaziou 1908), nom. nud.
 Buchenavia macahensis Glaz., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 54 (Mém. 3c): 203 [“1907” publ. 22 Feb. 1908] (Glaziou 1908), nom. nud.
 Buchenavia vaupesana Cuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27 (1): 108 (Cuatrecasas 1950).
 Buchenavia ptariensis Steyerm., Fieldiana, Bot. 28 (2): 423 (Steyermark 1952).
VERNACULAR NAMES. — Ka: katulimya • Wp: kwata kaya, tatulimã sili • Cr: tapouliman, zanmann-sovaj • Br: cuiarana, mirindiba.
 HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 16 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: D. Loubry 1934.
INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 10 trees in 10 plots; Fmax <1 %; dbhinv = 75 cm.
description: Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 443, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777
Two Particle Correlations at Forward Rapidity in STAR
Creators: name: Braidot, Ermes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During the 2008 run RHIC provided high luminosity in both p+p and d+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 200$ GeV. Electromagnetic calorimeter acceptance in STAR was enhanced by the new Forward Meson Spectrometer (FMS), and is now almost contiguous from $-1
description: proceeding for the RBRC workshop: "Saturation, the Color Glass Condensate and Glasma: What Have we Learned from RHIC?"
Study of formation of stable fragments in central heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Goyal, Supriya
name: Puri, Rajeev K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stability of fragments using microscopic binding energy criteria in heavy-ion collisions.
Counter-rotating black holes from FRII lifetimes
Creators: name: Garofalo, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Estimates suggest that while FRII jets appear to have lifetimes constrained to hundreds of millions of years, radio galaxies with FRI jets appear to be longer lived. We illustrate the nature of this time constraint from model perspectives, showing how compatibility between theory and data match in a way suggesting a key difference between active galaxies whose engines are characterized by accretion onto co-rotating versus counter-rotating black holes. We calculate a range of timescales for counter-rotating black holes for a range of accretion rates compatible with theory which we then compare to data. The validity of these timescales constitutes the most powerful recent piece of evidence for considering counter-rotation between black holes and accretion disks in high energy astrophysics.
Sudden transition between classical and quantum decoherence in dissipative cavity QED and stationary quantum discord
Creators: name: He, Qi-Liang
name: Xu, Jing-Bo
name: Yao, Dao-Xin
name: Zhang, Ye-Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the phenomenon of sudden transition between classical and quantum decoherence in the study of quantum discord for a dissipative cavity QED system, which consists of two noninteracting two-level atoms, each trapped in a dissipative cavity. It is found that the quantum discord between two atoms, which are prepared initially in the X-type quantum states, is not destroyed by the dissipation of the cavities for a finite time interval and the stationary quantum discord can arise in the interaction of atoms with cavities as the time approach to infinite. The transition time is sensitive to the initial state parameter of the two atoms and the mean photon number of the coherent field. Interestingly, the quantum discord between the two atoms is completely unaffected by the dissipation of the cavities if we choose the suitable value of the ratio, which depends on the decay rate of two cavities and the atom-field coupling constant.
description: 8 pages, 14 figures
On the existence and structures of almost axisymmetric solutions to 3-D Navier-Stokes equations
Creators: name: Liu, Yanlin
name: Xu, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we consider 3-D Navier-Stokes equations with almost axisymmetric initial data, which means that by writing $u_0 =u^r_0 e_r+u^θ_0 e_θ+u^z_0 e_z$ in the cylindrical coordinates, then $\partial_θu^r_0,\,\partial_θu^θ_0$ and $\partial_θu^z_0$ are small in some sense (recall axisymmetric means these three quantities vanish). Then with additional smallness assumption on $u^θ_0$, we prove the global existence of a unique strong solution $u$, and this solution keeps close to some axisymmetric vector field. We also establish some refined estimates for the integral average in $θ$ variable for $u$. Moreover, as $u^r_0,\,u^θ_0$ and $u^z_0$ here depend on $θ$, it is natural to expand them into Fourier series in $θ$ variable. And we shall consider one special form of $u_0$, with some small parameter $\varepsilon$ to measure its swirl part and oscillating part. We study the asymptotic expansion of the corresponding solution, and the influences between different profiles in the asymptotic expansion. In particular, we give some special symmetric structures that will persist for all time. These phenomena reflect some features of the nonlinear terms in Navier-Stokes equations.
Automatic Arabic Translation of English Educational Content Online using Neural Machine Translation: the Case of Khan Academy
Creators: name: Bendou, Imane
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) offer valuable and high quality learningopportunities and educational content in several disciplines to many students, to a large extentregardless of their background, location, and personal circumstances. However, language representsa major barrier for them, keeping non-native English speakers from benefiting from these onlineeducational resources, since online content most available is in English. Given there are over 300schools in Qatar covering all topics in Arabic, in order to make online educational resources moreavailable to students in them, we designed and implemented an automatic machine translationsolution based on deep learning techniques. It aims to make high-quality Arabic translations ofsubtitles available in English. We focused on the case of Khan Academy which provides apersonalized learning experience that is mainly focused on videos. These videos have subtitles thatare generally generated by volunteers for different languages. Our system covers several subjectsranging from Physics and Mathematics to Programming and Arts and Humanities, with a focus onhigh school level students. Our system was trained using a high-quality parallel corpus from theeducation domain developed by the Qatar Computing Research Institute (QCRI). Furthermore, thesystem underwent intrinsic evaluation by comparing its output to a high-quality referencetranslation, as well as extrinsic evaluation in a pilot study, where we aimed at testing the quality ofthe system’s output in schools to evaluate its contribution to student understanding.
RecA-mediated homology search as a nearly optimal signal detection system
Creators: name: Savir, Yonatan
name: Tlusty, Tsvi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Homologous recombination facilitates the exchange of genetic material between homologous DNA molecules. This crucial process requires detecting a specific homologous DNA sequence within a huge variety of heterologous sequences. The detection is mediated by RecA in E. coli, or members of its superfamily in other organisms. Here we examine how well is the RecA-DNA interaction adjusted to its task. By formulating the DNA recognition process as a signal detection problem, we find the optimal value of binding energy that maximizes the ability to detect homologous sequences. We show that the experimentally observed binding energy is nearly optimal. This implies that the RecA-induced deformation and the binding energetics are fine-tuned to ensure optimal sequence detection. Our analysis suggests a possible role for DNA extension by RecA, in which deformation enhances detection. The present signal detection approach provides a general recipe for testing the optimality of other molecular recognition systems.
description: www.weizmann.ac.il/complex/tlusty/papers/MolCell2010.pdf
Solving the Direction Field for Discrete Agent Motion
Creators: name: Schultz, Michael
name: Kretz, Tobias
name: Fricke, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models for pedestrian dynamics are often based on microscopic approaches allowing for individual agent navigation. To reach a given destination, the agent has to consider environmental obstacles. We propose a direction field calculated on a regular grid with a Moore neighborhood, where obstacles are represented by occupied cells. Our developed algorithm exactly reproduces the shortest path with regard to the Euclidean metric.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
title: DEPRECATED: Spread spectrum-based video watermarking algorithms for copyright protection
Creators: name: Serdean, Cristian Vasile
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 2002

description: Merged with duplicate record 10026.1/2263 on 14.03.2017 by CS (TIS)
description: Digital technologies know an unprecedented expansion in the last years. The consumer can now benefit from hardware and software which was considered state-of-the-art several years ago. The advantages offered by the digital technologies are major but the same digital technology opens the door for unlimited piracy. Copying an analogue VCR tape was certainly possible and relatively easy, in spite of various forms of protection, but due to the analogue environment, the subsequent copies had an inherent loss in quality. This was a natural way of limiting the multiple copying of a video material. With digital technology, this barrier disappears, being possible to make as many copies as desired, without any loss in quality whatsoever. Digital watermarking is one of the best available tools for fighting this threat. The aim of the present work was to develop a digital watermarking system compliant with the recommendations drawn by the EBU, for video broadcast monitoring. Since the watermark can be inserted in either spatial domain or transform domain, this aspect was investigated and led to the conclusion that wavelet transform is one of the best solutions available. Since watermarking is not an easy task, especially considering the robustness under various attacks several techniques were employed in order to increase the capacity/robustness of the system: spread-spectrum and modulation techniques to cast the watermark, powerful error correction to protect the mark, human visual models to insert a robust mark and to ensure its invisibility. The combination of these methods led to a major improvement, but yet the system wasn't robust to several important geometrical attacks. In order to achieve this last milestone, the system uses two distinct watermarks: a spatial domain reference watermark and the main watermark embedded in the wavelet domain. By using this reference watermark and techniques specific to image registration, the system is able to determine the parameters of the attack and revert it. Once the attack was reverted, the main watermark is recovered. The final result is a high capacity, blind DWr-based video watermarking system, robust to a wide range of attacks.
Search and characterization of T-type planetary mass candidates in the sigma Orionis cluster
Creators: name: Ramírez, K. Peña
name: Osorio, M. R. Zapatero
name: Béjar, V. J. S.
name: Rebolo, R.
name: Bihain, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) We aim to: i) confirm the presence of methane absorption in S Ori 73 (a T-type member candidate of the sig Orionis cluster, 3 Myr, 352 pc) through methane imaging; ii) study S Ori 70 and 73 cluster membership via photometric colors and accurate proper motion analysis; iii) perform a new search to identify additional T-type sig Orionis member candidates with likely masses below 7 Mjup. We obtained HAWK-I (VLT) J, H, and CH4off photometry of an area of 119.15 sq. arcmin in sig Orionis down to Jcomp = 21.7 and Hcomp = 21 mag. Near-infrared data were complemented with optical photometry using images acquired with OSIRIS (GTC) and VISTA as part of the VISTA Orion survey. We derived proper motions by comparison of the new HAWK-I and VISTA images with published near-infrared data taken 3.4 - 7.9 yr ago. S Ori 73 has a red H-CH4off color indicating methane absorption in the H-band and a spectral type of T4 +/- 1. S Ori 70 displays a redder methane color than S Ori 73 in agreement with its latter spectral classification. Our proper motion measurements are larger than the motion of sig Orionis, rendering S Ori 70 and 73 cluster membership uncertain. We identified one new photometric candidate with J = 21.69 +/- 0.12 mag and methane color consistent with spectral type greater than T8. S Ori 73 has colors similar to those of T3-T5 field dwarfs, which in addition to its high proper motion suggests that it is probably a field dwarf located at 170-200 pc. The origin of S Ori 70 remains unclear: it can be a field, foreground mid- to late-T free-floating dwarf with peculiar colors, or an orphan planet ejected through strong dynamical interactions from sig Orionis or from a nearby star-forming region in Orion.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Characterization of the cricket paralysis virus 3C protease and its substrate specificity
Creators: name: Brito, Ruhi Nichalle
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2019

description: Many positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses encode an open reading frame that is translated as a polyprotein. This viral polyprotein is subsequently cleaved by its virally encoded protease or in some instances with the aid of host proteases. It has been well established that +ssRNA viruses, such as poliovirus encode protease(s) that can cleave and target host protein substrates in order to facilitate viral infection. The Dicistrovirade family, are +ssRNA viruses that primarily infect arthropods such as honey bees, shrimp, and crickets and can have an impact on agriculture and the economy. Dicistroviruses encode a cysteine protease, 3C, that is responsible for the cleavage of its own polyprotein. To date little is known about dicistrovirus protease structure, catalytic efficiency, cleavage site specificity and substrate specificity. Cricket paralysis virus (CrPV), a dicistrovirus, has been well characterized within its family. CrPV has been characterized for its translation mechanism as well as a few of its encoded proteins such as 1A, thus making it a good model to study. Given that other +ssRNA viral 3C proteases, such as poliovirus, cleave host substrates during infection, it could be thought that the CrPV 3C protease cleaves target host proteins during infection. In order to better understand the fundamental processes that are regulated during infection, CrPV was chosen as a model. In this thesis CrPV 3C protease was purified to address two aims. 1) Purify and verify activity of CrPV 3C protease and 2) Determine cleavage site specificity of CrPV 3C protease. This will help give a better understanding of the catalytic efficiency and target substrate specificity of the purified protease.
Bird Distribution Modelling using Remote Sensing and Citizen Science data
Creators: name: Teng, Mélisande
name: Elmustafa, Amna
name: Akera, Benjamin
name: Larochelle, Hugo
name: Rolnick, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Climate change is a major driver of biodiversity loss, changing the geographic range and abundance of many species. However, there remain significant knowledge gaps about the distribution of species, due principally to the amount of effort and expertise required for traditional field monitoring. We propose an approach leveraging computer vision to improve species distribution modelling, combining the wide availability of remote sensing data with sparse on-ground citizen science data. We introduce a novel task and dataset for mapping US bird species to their habitats by predicting species encounter rates from satellite images, along with baseline models which demonstrate the power of our approach. Our methods open up possibilities for scalably modelling ecosystems properties worldwide.
Diffusion between evolving interfaces
Creators: name: Juntunen, Janne
name: Merikoski, Juha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diffusion in an evolving environment is studied by continuos-time Monte Carlo simulations. Diffusion is modelled by continuos-time random walkers on a lattice, in a dynamic environment provided by bubbles between two one-dimensional interfaces driven symmetrically towards each other. For one-dimensional random walkers constrained by the interfaces, the bubble size distribution domi- nates diffusion. For two-dimensional random walkers, it is also controlled by the topography and dynamics of the interfaces. The results of the one-dimensional case are recovered in the limit where the interfaces are strongly driven. Even with simple hard-core repulsion between the interfaces and the particles, diffusion is found to depend strongly on the details of the dynamical rules of particles close to the interfaces. Article reference: Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 22, 465402 (2010).
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Analysis of Gaussian width of nucleons in semi-classical model
Creators: name: Goyal, Supriya
name: Puri, Rajeev K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present study we find that nuclei having double width do not emit free nucleons for a long period of time necessary to study heavy-ion collisions. Also, the ground state properties of all the nuclei are also described well. In the low mass region, the obtained nuclei are less bound but stable. Heavy mass nuclei have proper binding energy and are stable
Who Trains the Future?
Creators: name: Feldgoise, Jacob
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 130103 Higher Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: U.S. higher education institutions’ (HEIs) ability to attract Chinese students will likely shape the future of U.S. international relations with China, as well as both countries’ economies and innovation enterprises. A substantial literature on international talent flows documents how the supply of foreign students to U.S. schools has changed over time, and the causal implications thereof. However, scholars have primarily focused on understanding the flow of students to U.S. graduate education programs—PhD programs in particular—ignoring the largest group of international students in the United States: undergraduates. In this study, the author leverages data from the Institute of International Education (1997-2018), the Chinese Ministry of Education (1996-2018), and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (2005-2018) to determine the proportion of Chinese undergraduate students enrolled at U.S. HEIs. The author finds that while the proportion of Chinese undergraduate students enrolled at U.S. HEIs (all fields) rose from 2008 to 2017, the proportion of engineering students only rose until 2014, after which it stagnated. In contrast, the proportion of Chinese undergraduate students enrolled in U.S. social science programs increased over the entire period (2008-2017). The causal factors behind the 2008 increase in overall Chinese student enrollment in the U.S. are difficult to determine due to the simultaneous increased affordability of U.S. higher education (due to rising Chinese household incomes and appreciation of the Yuan) and loosening U.S. immigration policies (specifically a U.S. June 2005 extension of Chinese students’ visa validity from six months to one year). Further research is needed to understand why the proportion of Chinese undergraduates enrolled in U.S. engineering programs stagnated while the same proportion for social sciences has continued to rise. Explanations might include field-specific discrepancies with respect to job market access and salaries in China or that students in social sciences are disproportionately attracted to the open academic environment at U.S. HEIs.
Steady state entanglement of two coupled qubits
Creators: name: del Valle, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The maximum entanglement between two coupled qubits in the steady state under two independent incoherent sources of excitation is reported. Asymmetric configurations where one qubit is excited while the other one dissipates the excitation are optimal for entanglement, reaching values three times larger than with thermal sources. The reason is the purification of the steady state mixture (that includes a Bell state) thanks to the saturation of the pumped qubit. Photon antibunching between the cross emission of the qubits can be used to experimentally evidence the large degrees of entanglement.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Exploring Digital Resilience in Qatar: A Socio-Technical Perspective
Creators: name: Al-Abdulghani, Yara
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in major global disruptions to organizational and societal operations. To accommodate the ensuing restrictions many operations have shifted online. Anecdotally, most organizations and industries reported successful digital transitions. However, the extent to which individuals assimilated to such rapid transition remains largely unclear. Therefore, this study explores factors that enable individuals to develop resilience in the digital context. A new theoretical development is needed to fill this gap. In this research, an integrated conceptual model was developed derived from psychological resilience and Information Technology adoption disciplines. This integrated model aimed to provide a holistic framework of factors that constitute perceived digital resilience among individuals.
Findings from this study hold important theoretical implications for the emerging field of digital resilience, specifically in establishing a foundation for future research, along with practical implications given the continuation of the pandemic induced restrictions. The implications to Qatar are particularly pertinent given its aspirations towards digital development and readiness.
OEMC project use case: EU reforestation tool
Creators: name: OpenGeoHub Foundation
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2025
Subjects: Reforestation
Forest management
Sustainable forest management
Forest restoration
Climate smart forestry
Forest planning
Tree planting

description: The European Forest Institute (EFI) is an international organization which conducts research and provides policy support on forest related issues in Europe. It provides knowledge and support in matters of bioeconomy, resilience and governance of forest resources. EFI has a track record of over 30 projects at EU scale carried out for the European Commission: one which is currently ongoing may be of particular interest for this use-case. The SUPERB project aims to upscale forest restoration and restore thousands of hectares of forest landscape across Europe and create lasting changes towards large-scale restoration. The project has 12 large-scale demonstration areas scattered across Europe which represent the diversity of stressors on European forests and the wide range of necessary restoration actions needed.
Leveraging the ongoing findings of this project, the OEMC project proposes a tool that will help identify what kind of tree species can be planted in specific areas of interest. The final version of the tool will provide a list of suitable species per location at a spatial resolution of 1 chilometre: each pixel will show the number of suitable species and the users can then decide which ones to plant according to specific needs (increasing biodiversity, production, protection etc). The tool will be limited to areas currently covered by forests, croplands (to incentivize the creation of agroforestry systems), grasslands and transitional (shrubs, bushes) areas.
Recorded talks (ordered chronologically):

"Predicting the future Earth under climate scenarios" by Leandro Parente and Carmelo Bonannella, Open-Earth-Monitor — Global Workshop 2023;
"Multidecadal analysis and forest disturbance assessment of European tree species" by Carmelo Bonannella, Open-Earth-Monitor — Global Workshop 2024.
Giant Pulses with Nanosecond Time Resolution detected from the Crab Pulsar at 8.5 and 15.1 GHz
Creators: name: Jessner, Axel
name: Popov, Mikhail V.
name: Kondratiev, Vladislav I.
name: Kovalev, Yuri Y.
name: Graham, Dave
name: Zensus, Anton
name: Soglasnov, Vladimir A.
name: Bilous, Anna V.
name: Moshkina, Olga A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of shape, spectra and polarization properties of giant pulses (GPs) from the Crab pulsar at the very high frequencies of 8.5 and 15.1 GHz. Studies at 15.1 GHz were performed for the first time. Observations were conducted with the 100-m radio telescope in Effelsberg in Oct-Nov 2007 at the frequencies of 8.5 and 15.1 GHz as part of an extensive campaign of multi-station multi-frequency observations of the Crab pulsar. A selection of the strongest pulses was recorded with a new data acquisition system, based on a fast digital oscilloscope, providing nanosecond time resolution in two polarizations in a bandwidth of about 500 MHz. We analyzed the pulse shapes, polarisation and dynamic spectra of GPs as well as the cross-correlations between their LHC and RHC signals. No events were detected outside main pulse and interpulse windows. GP properties were found to be very different for GPs emitted at longitudes of the main pulse and the interpulse. Cross-correlations of the LHC and RHC signals show regular patterns in the frequency domain for the main pulse, but these are missing for the interpulse GPs. We consider consequences of application of the rotating vector model to explain the apparent smooth variation in the position angle of linear polarization for main pulse GPs. We also introduce a new scenario of GP generation as a direct consequence of the polar cap discharge. We find further evidence for strong nano-shot discharges in the magnetosphere of the Crab pulsar. The repetitive frequency spectrum seen in GPs at the main pulse phase is interpreted as a diffraction pattern of regular structures in the emission region. The interpulse GPs however have a spectrum that resembles that of amplitude modulated noise. Propagation effects may be the cause of the differences.
description: Astronomy & Astrophysics (accepted)
The effect of substrate waviness on random sequential adsorption packing properties
Creators: name: Kubala, Piotr
name: Cieśla, Michał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Random sequential adsorption of spheres on a wavy surface was studied. It was determined how surface structure influences random packing properties such as the packing fraction, the kinetics of packing growth, and the two-particle density correlation function. Until the substrate varies within the range one order of magnitude smaller than the particle's diameter, the properties of the packings obtained do not differ significantly from those on a flat surface. On the other hand, for the higher amplitude of unevenness, the packing fraction, low-density growth kinetics, and the density autocorrelation function change significantly, while asymptotic growth kinetics seems to be barely sensitive to surface waviness. Besides fundamental significance, the study suggests that the experimental measurement of the aforementioned basic properties of adsorption monolayers can reveal the surface's porous structure without investigating the surface itself.
Bond-specific reaction kinetics during the oxidation of (111) Si: Effect of n-type doping
Creators: name: Gokce, Bilal
name: Aspnes, David E.
name: Lucovsky, Gerald
name: Gundogdu, Kenan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that a higher concentration of free carriers leads to a higher oxide growth rate in the thermal oxidation of silicon. However, the role of electrons and holes in oxidation chemistry is not clear. Here, we report real-time second-harmonic-generation data on the oxidation of H-terminated (111)Si that reveal that high concentrations of electrons increase the chemical reactivity of the outer-layer Si-Si back bonds relative to the Si-H up bonds. However, the thicknesses of the natural oxides of all samples stabilize near 1 nm at room temperature, regardless of the chemical kinetics of the different bonds.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Narrative Summarization in the Domain of Finance
Creators: name: Abdaljalil, Samir
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The number of electronic text documents is growing and so is the need for automatic text summarizers. In the financedomain, documents can be quite long, averaging at approximately 180 pages. This creates a need for finding efficient ways to make use of technology to leverage the existence of these textual datasets. This goes hand in hand with the pressing need to make investment/financial decisions in a fast manner to ensure maximized financial gain. However, exhaustive reading of financial documents is extremely laborious. Hence, Automatic summarization methods could greatly simplify this task. In this work, we present several approaches for summarizing the qualitative sections of annual reports using extractive summarization, Natural Language Processing (NLP), and Machine Learning techniques. We investigated multiple approaches under two different types of explorations, sentence-based summarization and a section-based summarization tailored to the structure of financial reports. We then evaluated the quality of the summaries using an existing dataset of annual reports published by FNS-2020 shared-task that consists of annual reports by British Firms belonging to the London Stock Exchange.
On the methanol masers in G9.62+0.20E and G188.95+0.89
Creators: name: van der Walt, DJ
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A comparison between the observed light curves of periodic masers in G9.62+0.20E and G188.95+0.89 and the results of a simple colliding-wind binary model is made to establish whether the flaring and other time-dependent behaviour of the masers in these two star forming regions can be ascribed to changes in the environment of the masers or in the continuum emission from parts of the background \ion{H}{2} region. It is found that the light curves of widely different shape and amplitude in these two objects can be explained within the framework of a periodic pulse of ionizing radiation that raises the electron density in a volume of partially ionized gas against which the masers are projected. It is also shown that the decay of the 11.405 $\kmps$ maser in G188.95+0.89 can be explained very well in terms of the recombination of the ionized gas against which the maser is projected while it would require very special conditions to explain it in terms of changes in environment of the maser. We conclude that for G9.62+0.20E and G188.95+0.89 the observed changes in the masers are most likely due to changes in the background free-free emission which is amplified by the masers.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures