cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tailoring the Fermi level of the leads in molecular-electronic devices
Creators: name: García-Suárez, V. M.
name: Lambert, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dependence of the transport properties on the specific location of the Fermi level in molecular electronics devices is studied by using electrodes of different materials. The zero-bias transport properties are shown to depend dramatically on the elemental composition of the electrodes, even though the shape of the transmission coefficients is very similar. By using alkaline materials it is possible to move the Fermi level from the HOMO-LUMO gap to the LUMO resonance and change dramatically the length dependence of the conductance of molecular wires, which opens the possibility of using molecules with different lengths and very similar conductances in nanoscale circuits. This method shows how to dramatically increase the conductance of molecular devices and alter qualitatively and quantitatively their electronic and transport properties.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
merowingerzeitliche Filigranscheibenfibel aus der Wüstung Groß Orden bei Quedlinburg – Gedanken zu Datierung, Herkunft und Bedeutung
Creators: name: Küntzel, Thomas
Publisher: name: Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte
Year: 2021

description: Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte, Bd. 93 2009(2012): Jahresschrift für Mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte
Glockenbecher- und Aunjetitzer Kultur zwischen Benzingerode und Heimburg – Befunde und Funde der Ausgrabungen an der B 6n
Creators: name: Koch, Franziska
Publisher: name: Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte
Year: 2021

description: Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte, Bd. 93 2009(2012): Jahresschrift für Mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte
Two-impurity scattering in quasi-one-dimensional systems
Creators: name: Ioselevich, A. S.
name: Peshcherenko, N. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a quasi-one-dimensional system (a tube) with low concentration of defects $n$ the resistivity $ρ$ has peaks (van-Hove singularities) as a function of Fermi-energy. We show that due to non-Born scattering effects a deep narrow gap should appear just in the center of each peak. The resistivity at the bottom of a gap ($ρ_{\min}\propto n^2$) is dominated by scattering at rare "twin" pairs of close defects, while scattering at solitary defects is suppressed. The predicted effect is characteristic for multi-channel systems, it can not be observed in strictly one-dimensional one.
The velocity structure of moving magnetic feature pairs around sunspots: support for the U-loop model
Creators: name: Zhang, Jun
name: Solanki, S. K.
name: Woch, J.
name: Wang, Jingxiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using data recorded by the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) instrument on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), we have traced 123 pairs of opposite magnetic polarity moving magnetic features (MMFs) in three active regions NOAA ARs 8375, 0330 and 9575. At the time of observation, AR 8375 was young, AR 0330 mature, and AR 9575 decaying. The vertical velocity indicates that the elements of MMF pairs with polarity opposite to that of the sunspot support a downflow of around 50-100 m s$^{-1}$. The average Doppler shift difference between negative and positive elements of an MMF pair is about 150 m s$^{-1}$ in AR 8375, 100 m s$^{-1}$ in AR 0330, and 20 m s$^{-1}$ in AR 9575. These observational results are in agreement with the model that MMF pairs are part of a U-loop emanating from the sunspot's magnetic canopy. According to this model the downflow is caused by the Evershed flow returning below the solar surface. For AR 8375, the horizontal velocity of MMFs ranges from 0.1 km s$^{-1}$ to 0.7 km s$^{-1}$, and on average, the velocity of an MMF pair decreases significantly (from 0.6 km s$^{-1}$ to 0.35 km s$^{-1}$) with increasing distance from the MMF's birth place. This result suggests that the change in MMF flow speed does not reflect the radial structure of the moat flow, but rather is intrinsic to the evolution of the MMF pairs. This result is also in agreement with the U-loop model of MMF pairs. We also find that properties of MMF pairs, most strikingly the lifetime, depend on the evolution stages of the parent sunspot. The mean lifetimes of MMF pairs in ARs 9575 and 0330 are 0.7 hours and 1.6 hours, respectively, which is considerably shorter than the 4 hours lifetime previously found for AR 8375.
description: Submitted to A&A
Keramikinventare aus der Siedlung Barleben, Lkr. Börde – Ein Beitrag zum Verhältnis spätneolithischer Keramikstile im nördlichen Mitteldeutschland1
Creators: name: Dittrich, Annett
Publisher: name: Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte
Year: 2021

description: Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte, Bd. 93 2009(2012): Jahresschrift für Mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte
Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Fraud Detection in Retail Banking Products
Creators: name: Katta, Ashok Kumar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 350202
subject: Finance
classificationCode: 350206
subject: Insurance studies

description: Artificialintelligence(AI),now and again called machine insight is a reenactment of human knowledge in machines. It is the insight displayed by machines, rather than the regular information showed by people Artificial Intelligence is a quick creating innovation across the world. The financial area is becoming one of the main adopters of man-made consciousness. Man-made thinking is communicated to be information by machines. Financial trades of the banks are inspected for learning, decisive reasoning, and choice creation with automated thinking, and by using tremendous data, advanced examination joined with AI estimations. The paper isconnected to focusing on the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the n monetary region in India and the challenges looked by the monetary region in completing Artificial Intelligence. The mark of the survey is to examine the benefits of Artificial Intelligence in the monetary region in India.
Onsager-Machlup theory and work fluctuation theorem for a harmonically driven Brownian particle
Creators: name: Singh, Navinder
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend Tooru-Cohen analysis for nonequilirium steady state(NSS) of a Brownian particle to nonequilibrium oscillatory state (NOS) of Brownian particle by considering time dependent external drive protocol. We consider an unbounded charged Brownian particle in the presence of an oscillating electric field and prove work fluctuation theorem, which is valid for any initial distribution and at all times. For harmonically bounded and constantly dragged Brownian particle considered by Tooru and Cohen, work fluctuation theorem is valid for any initial condition(also NSS), but only in large time limit. We use Onsager-Machlup Lagrangian with a constraint to obtain frequency dependent work distribution function, and describe entropy production rate and properties of dissipation functions for the present system using Onsager-Machlup functional.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Tachyonic Preheating in Plateau Inflation
Creators: name: Tomberg, Eemeli
name: Veermäe, Hardi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plateau inflation is an experimentally consistent framework in which the scale of inflation can be kept relatively low. Close to the edge of the plateau, scalar perturbations are subject to a strong tachyonic instability. Tachyonic preheating is realized when, after inflation, the oscillating inflaton repeatedly re-enters the plateau. We develop the analytic theory of this process and expand the linear approach by including backreaction between the coherent background and growing perturbations. For a family of plateau models, the analytic predictions are confronted with numerical estimates. Our analysis shows that the inflaton fragments in a fraction of an $e$-fold in all examples supporting tachyonic preheating, generalizing the results of previous similar studies. In these scenarios, the scalar-to-tensor ratio is tiny, $r<10^{-7}$.
description: 32 pages, 7 figures. v2: Updated to match published version. Added references
The effects of task complexity & proficiency on foreigner talk discourse and communication strategies in the NS-NNS interaction
Creators: name: Shortreed, Ian McFarland
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of task complexity and learner proficiency in native speaker (NS)/non-native speaker (NNS) interaction. A total of 24 Japanese NSs and 12 NNSs subjects representing three levels of proficiency, low (n=4), intermediate (n=4) and advanced (n=4), were randomly assigned to dyads to complete two communication tasks, each differing in relative complexity. Three composite variables made up of 32 dependent variables were used to measure the frequency of formal reduction, communication and repair strategies across both tasks. The hypothesis that NSs would simplify their speech and use a higher frequency of interactional modifications in accordance with the level of proficiency of the NNSs and the complexity of the tasks was tested. The results for the first independent variable of proficiency, indicated there was a trend showing that NSs simplified their speech when addressing NNSs in general and in particular, when addressing lower level learners of Japanese. The results for the second independent variable of task complexity revealed that there was a significant effect on the number of reduction, communication and repair strategies used on the more complex task for all groups. These findings are discussed in relation to previous research on NS-NNS interaction and implications for second language teaching are explored.
Effects of current on nanoscale ring-shaped magnetic tunnel junctions
Creators: name: Wei, Hong-Xiang
name: He, Jiexuan
name: Wen, Zhen-Chao
name: Han, Xiu-Feng
name: Zhan, Wen-Shan
name: Zhang, Shufeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the observation and micromagnetic analysis of current-driven magnetization switching in nanoscale ring-shaped magnetic tunnel junctions. When the electric current density exceeds a critical value of the order of $6\times 10^{6}$A/cm$^2$, the magnetization of the two magnetic rings can be switched back and forth between parallel and antiparallel onion states. Theoretical analysis and micromagnetic simulation show that the dominant mechanism for the observed current-driven switching is the spin torque rather than the current-induced circular Oersted field.
VLBI measurement of the vector baseline between geodetic antennas at Kokee Park Geophysical Observatory, Hawaii
Creators: name: Niell, A. E.
name: Barrett, J. P.
name: Cappallo, R. J.
name: Corey, B. E.
name: Elosegui, P.
name: Mondal, D.
name: Rajagopalan, G.
name: Ruszczyk, C. A.
name: Titus, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measured the components of the 31-m-long vector between the two Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) antennas at the Kokee Park Geophysical Observatory (KPGO), Hawaii, with approximately 1 mm precision using phase-delay observables from dedicated VLBI observations in 2016 and 2018. The two KPGO antennas are the 20 m legacy VLBI antenna and the 12 m VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS) antenna. Independent estimates of the vector between the two antennas were obtained by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) using standard optical surveys in 2015 and 2018. The uncertainties of the latter survey were 0.3 and 0.7 mm in the horizontal and vertical components of the baseline, respectively. We applied corrections to the measured positions for the varying thermal deformation of the antennas on the different days of the VLBI and survey measurements, which can amount to 1 mm, bringing all results to a common reference temperature. The difference between the VLBI and survey results are 0.2 +/- 0.4 mm, -1.3 +/- 0.4 mm, and 0.8 +/- 0.8 mm in the East, North, and Up topocentric components, respectively. We also estimate that the Up component of the baseline may suffer from systematic errors due to gravitational deformation and uncalibrated instrumental delay variations at the 20 m antenna that may reach +/-10 mm and -2 mm, respectively, resulting in an accuracy uncertainty on the order of 10 mm for the relative heights of the antennas. Furthermore, possible tilting of the 12 m antenna increases the uncertainties in the differences in the horizontal components to 1.0 mm. These results bring into focus the importance of (1) correcting to a common reference temperature the measurements of the reference points of all geodetic instruments within a site, (2) obtaining measurements of the gravitational deformation of all antennas, and (3) monitoring local motions of the geodetic instruments.
description: 34 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Journal of Geodesy
Parkkiesgrube Hundisburg – Ein klassischer Fundplatz der Altsteinzeit im Lichte neuer Ausgrabungen
Creators: name: Ertmer, Stefan
Publisher: name: Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte
Year: 2021

description: Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte, Bd. 93 2009(2012): Jahresschrift für Mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte
UDP: an integral management system of embedded scripts implemented into the IMaX instrument of the Sunrise mission
Creators: name: Munoz, R. Morales
name: Mellado, P.
name: de la Rosa, J. Marco
name: Team, IMaX
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The UDP (User Defined Program) system is a scripting framework for controlling and extending instrumentation software. It has been specially designed for air- and space-borne instruments with flexibility, error control, reuse, automation, traceability and ease of development as its main objectives. All the system applications are connected through a database containing the valid script commands including descriptive information and source code. The system can be adapted to different projects without changes in the framework tools, thus achieving great level of flexibility and reusability. The UDP system comprises: an embedded system for the execution of scripts by the instrument software; automatic tools for aiding in the creation, modification, documentation and tracing of new scripting language commands; and interfaces for the creation of scripts and execution control.
description: This paper has been presented in the SPIE 2008, Marselle, France
Optimal parent Hamiltonians for time-dependent states
Creators: name: Rattacaso, Davide
name: Passarelli, Gianluca
name: Mezzacapo, Antonio
name: Lucignano, Procolo
name: Fazio, Rosario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given a generic time-dependent many-body quantum state, we determine the associated parent Hamiltonian. This procedure may require, in general, interactions of any sort. Enforcing the requirement of a fixed set of engineerable Hamiltonians, we find the optimal Hamiltonian once a set of realistic elementary interactions is defined. We provide three examples of this approach. We first apply the optimization protocol to the ground states of the one-dimensional Ising model and a ferromagnetic $p$-spin model but with time-dependent coefficients. We also consider a time-dependent state that interpolates between a product state and the ground state of a $p$-spin model. We determine the time-dependent optimal parent Hamiltonian for these states and analyze the capability of this Hamiltonian of generating the state evolution. Finally, we discuss the connections of our approach to shortcuts to adiabaticity.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures
S. Jülich: Die frühmittelalterliche Saline von Soest im europäischen Kontext
Creators: name: Herrmann, Volker
Publisher: name: Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte
Year: 2021

description: Rezension zu: S. Jülich: Die frühmittelalterliche Saline von Soest im europäischen Kontext. Bodenaltertümer Westfalens 44. Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2007. Textband mit 513 Seiten, 70 Textabbildungen und 63 vorwiegend farbigen Tafeln sowie Schuber mit 70 Tafeln
description: Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte, Bd. 93 2009(2012): Jahresschrift für Mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte
Polynomial methods in statistical inference: theory and practice
Creators: name: Wu, Yihong
name: Yang, Pengkun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This survey provides an exposition of a suite of techniques based on the theory of polynomials, collectively referred to as polynomial methods, which have recently been applied to address several challenging problems in statistical inference successfully. Topics including polynomial approximation, polynomial interpolation and majorization, moment space and positive polynomials, orthogonal polynomials and Gaussian quadrature are discussed, with their major probabilistic and statistical applications in property estimation on large domains and learning mixture models. These techniques provide useful tools not only for the design of highly practical algorithms with provable optimality, but also for establishing the fundamental limits of the inference problems through the method of moment matching. The effectiveness of the polynomial method is demonstrated in concrete problems such as entropy and support size estimation, distinct elements problem, and learning Gaussian mixture models.
description: Foundations and Trends in Communications and Information Theory: Vol. 17: No. 4, pp 402-586, 2020. ISBN to printed book: 978-1-68083-730-8. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1807.07237
Frequency Windows of Absolute Negative Conductance in Josephson Junctions
Creators: name: Machura, L.
name: Kostur, M.
name: Talkner, P.
name: Hanggi, P.
name: Luczka, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on anomalous conductance in a resistively and capacitively shunted Josephson junction which is simultaneously driven by ac and dc currents. The dependence of the voltage across the junction on the frequency of the ac current shows windows of absolute negative conductance regimes, i.e. for a positive (negative) dc current, the voltage is negative (positive).
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Vergleichende Untersuchungen zu den Bestattungssitten Mittel- und Osteuropas seit der frühen Bronzezeit
Creators: name: Häusler, Alexander
Publisher: name: Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte
Year: 2021

description: Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte, Bd. 93 2009(2012): Jahresschrift für Mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte
Summary of the DUNE Mission Concept
Creators: name: Refregier, Alexandre
name: Douspis, Marian
name: collaboration, the DUNE
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Dark UNiverse Explorer (DUNE) is a wide-field imaging mission concept whose primary goal is the study of dark energy and dark matter with unprecedented precision. To this end, DUNE is optimised for weak gravitational lensing, and also uses complementary cosmolo gical probes, such as baryonic oscillations, the integrated Sachs-Wolf effect, a nd cluster counts. Immediate additional goals concern the evolution of galaxies, to be studied with groundbreaking statistics, the detailed structure of the Milky Way and nearby galaxies, and the demographics of Earth-mass planets. DUNE is a medium class mission consisting of a 1.2m telescope designed to carry out an all-sky survey in one visible and three NIR bands (1deg$^2$ field-of-view) which will form a unique legacy for astronomy. DUNE has been selected jointly with SPACE for an ESA Assessment phase which has led to the Euclid merged mission concept.
description: 9 pages; To appear in Proc. of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation (23 - 28 June 2008, Marseille, France)
Boundary-Induced Topological and Mid-Gap States in Charge Conserving One-Dimensional Superconductors
Creators: name: Pasnoori, Parameshwar R.
name: Andrei, Natan
name: Azaria, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate one-dimensional charge conserving, spin-singlet (SSS) and spin-triplet (STS) superconductors in the presence of boundary fields. In systems with Open Boundary Conditions (OBC) it has been demonstrated that STS display a four-fold topological degeneracy, protected by the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry which reverses the spins of all fermions, whereas SSS are topologically trivial. In this work we show that it is not only the type of the bulk superconducting instability that determines the eventual topological nature of a phase, but rather the interplay between bulk and boundary properties. In particular we show by means of the Bethe Ansatz technique that SSS may as well be in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-protected topological phase provided suitable "twisted" open boundary conditions ${\widehat{OBC}}$ are imposed. More generally, we find that depending on the boundary fields, a given superconductor, either SSS or STS, may exhibits several types of phases such as topological, mid-gap and trivial phases; each phase being characterized by a boundary fixed point which which we determine. Of particular interest are the mid-gap phases which are stabilized close to the topological fixed point. They include both fractionalized phases where spin-$\frac{1}{4}$ bound-states are localized at the two edges of the system and un-fractionalized phases where a spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ bound-state is localized at either the left or the right edge.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
Deterministic preparation of W states via spin-photon interactions
Creators: name: Ozaydin, Fatih
name: Yesilyurt, Can
name: Bugu, Sinan
name: Koashi, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin systems such as silicon or nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond, quantum dots and quantum dot molecules coupled to optical cavities appear as key elements for creating quantum networks as not only constituting the nodes of the network, but also assisting the creation of photonic networks. Here we study deterministic preparation of arbitrary size $W$ states with spin systems. We present an efficient operation on three qubits, two being the logical qubits and one being the ancillary qubit, where no interaction between the logical qubits are required. The proposed operation can create a $W$-type Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair from two separable qubits, and expand that EPR pair or an arbitrary size $W$ state by one, creating a $W$-like state. Taking this operation as the fundamental building block, we show how to create a large scale $W$ state out of separable qubits, or double the size of a $W$ state. Based on this operation and focusing on nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond as an exemplary spin system, we propose a setup for preparing $W$ states of circularly polarized photons, assisted by a single spin qubit, where no photon-photon interactions are required. Next, we propose a setup for preparing $W$ states of spin qubits of spatially separated systems, assisted by a single photon. We also analyze the effects of possible imperfections in implementing the gates on the fidelity of the generated $W$ states. In our setups, neither post-measurement, nor post-processing on the states of spin or photonic qubit is required. Our setups can be implemented with current technology, and we anticipate that they contribute to quantum science and technologies.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Holographic approach to a minimal Higgsless model
Creators: name: Casalbuoni, R.
name: De Curtis, S.
name: Dominici, D.
name: Dolce, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, following an holographic approach, we carry out a low energy effective study of a minimal Higgsless model based on SU(2) bulk symmetry broken by boundary conditions, both in flat and warped metric. The holographic procedure turns out to be an useful computation technique to achieve an effective four dimensional formulation of the model taking into account the corrections coming from the extra dimensional sector. This technique is used to compute both oblique and direct contributions to the electroweak parameters in presence of fermions delocalized along the fifth dimension.
description: Latex file, 23 pages
Comparison of simulated neutrino emission models with data on Supernova 1987A
Creators: name: Olsen, Jackson
name: Qian, Yong-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare models of supernova (SN) neutrino emission with the Kamiokande II data on SN 1987A using the Bayesian approach. These models are taken from simulations and are representative of current 1D SN models. We find that models with a brief accretion phase of neutrino emission are the most favored. This result is not affected by varying the overall flux normalization or considering neutrino oscillations. We also check the compatibility of the best-fit models with the data.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Arbitrary synthetic dimensions via multi-boson dynamics on a one-dimensional lattice
Creators: name: Cheng, Dali
name: Peng, Bo
name: Wang, Da-Wei
name: Chen, Xianfeng
name: Yuan, Luqi
name: Fan, Shanhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The synthetic dimension, a research topic of both fundamental significance and practical applications, is attracting increasing attention in recent years. In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework to construct arbitrary synthetic dimensions, or N-boson synthetic lattices, using multiple bosons on one-dimensional lattices. We show that a one-dimensional lattice hosting N indistinguishable bosons can be mapped to a single boson on a N-dimensional lattice with high symmetry. Band structure analyses on this N-dimensional lattice can then be mathematically performed to predict the existence of exotic eigenstates and the motion of N-boson wavepackets. As illustrative examples, we demonstrate the edge states in two-boson Su-Schrieffer-Heeger synthetic lattices without interactions, interface states in two-boson Su-Schrieffer-Heeger synthetic lattices with interactions, and weakly-bound triplon states in three-boson tight-binding synthetic lattices with interactions. The interface states and weakly-bound triplon states have not been thoroughly understood in previous literatures. Our proposed theoretical framework hence provides a novel perspective to explore the multi-boson dynamics on lattices with boson-boson interactions, and opens up a future avenue in the fields of multi-boson manipulation in quantum engineering.
COSMIC-LAB: Terzan 5 as a fossil remnant of the Galactic bulge formation epoch
Creators: name: Massari, Davide <1987>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: FIS/05 Astronomia e astrofisica

description: The formation and evolution of galaxy bulges is a greatly debated topic in modern astrophysics.
An approach to address this issue is to look at the Galactic bulge, the closest to us.
According to some theoretical models, our bulge built-up from the merger of substructures formed from the instability and fragmentation of a proto-disk in the early phases of Galactic evolution.
We may have discovered the remnant of one of these substructures: the stellar system Terzan 5.
Terzan 5 hosts two stellar populations with different iron abundances, thus suggesting it once was far more massive than today. Moreover, its peculiar chemistry resembles that observed only in the Galactic bulge.
In this Thesis we perform a detailed photometric and spectroscopic analysis of this cluster to determine its formation and evolutionary histories. Form the photometric point of view we built a high-resolution differential reddening map in Terzan 5 direction and we measured relative proper motions to separate its member population from the contaminating field stars. This information represents the necessary work to measure the absolute ages of Terzan 5 populations via the Turn-off luminosity method.
From the spectroscopic point of view we measured abundances for more than 600 stars belonging to Terzan 5 and its surroundings in order to build the largest field-decontaminated metallicity distribution for this system.
We find that the metallicity distribution is extremely wide (more than 1 dex) and we discovered a third, metal-poor and alpha-enhanced population with average [Fe/H]=-0.8.
The striking similarity between Terzan 5 and the bulge in terms of their chemical formation and evolution revealed by this Thesis suggests that Terzan 5 formed in situ with the bulge itself. In particular its metal-poor populations trace the early stages of the bulge formation, while its most metal-rich component contains crucial information on the bulge more recent evolution.
title: Eine dynamische, Dienste-orientierte Softwarearchitektur für die Anwendung im Automobil
Creators: name: Kampman, Alexandru
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2024

description: Diese Arbeit stellt die Automotive Service-oriented Software Architecture (ASOA) vor,
eine updatebare, und orchestrierte Dienste-orientierte Softwarearchitektur für den Einsatz im Au-
tomobil. Im Gegensatz zu traditionellen, zur Entwurfszeit integrierten Architekturen wird ein mit
ASOA implementiertes System zur Laufzeit dynamisch integriert. Durch die Orchestrierung er-
möglicht ASOA zudem die Trennung nicht-modularer Aspekte der Systemintegration von syste-
magnostischen Software-Diensten. Diese Trennung begünstigt die Updatebarkeit der Softwarearchi-
tektur, da Software-Dienste in geringerem Umfang von Update-bedingten Seiteneffekten betroffen
sind. ASOA erlaubt außerdem eine detaillierte Introspektion in reaktive Wirkketten, wodurch sys-
tematische Optimierungspotenziale hinsichtlich Ressourcenverbrauch und Ende-zu-Ende-Latenzen
erschlossen werden. ASOA-Dienste sind sowohl auf zukünftigen High-Performance-Steuergeräten
als auch auf ressourcenbeschränkten Mikroprozessoren lauffähig. Darüber hinaus verfügt ASOA
über ein Tool für die kollaborative Systementwicklung. Der Einsatz der ASOA wurde in vier voll-
ständigen automatisierten Fahrzeugprotoypen demonstriert, die im Kontext eines deutschlandweiten
Großprojektes entstanden sind. Durch die Kombination dieser Merkmale birgt ASOA das Potenzial,
Entwicklungszyklen und die Time-to-Market von Softwareinnovationen zu verkürzen. Diese Fähig-
keiten sind angesichts der stark wachsenden Bedeutung von Software in der Automobilindustrie von
essenzieller Bedeutung.
Photon-Pixel coupling – acquisition, processing & interpretation
Creators: name: Gagniuc, Paul A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 80104 Computer Vision
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Data Format
subject: 80402 Data Encryption
subject: 80403 Data Structures
subject: 80106 Image Processing
subject: Information Systems
subject: 80607 Information Engineering and Theory
subject: 80705 Informetrics
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 80205 Numerical Computation

description: Photon-Pixel coupling –how to make acquisition, processing & interpretation (Gagniuc, P.A., Ionescu-Tirgoviste, C., Gagniuc, E.. Photon-pixel coupling: a method for parallel acquisition of electrical signals for scientific investigations. Methods X, 6(2019) 968-979).
A study of all-electric electron spin resonance using Floquet quantum master equations
Creators: name: Reina-Gálvez, Jose
name: Lorente, Nicolás
name: Delgado, Fernando
name: Arrachea, Liliana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical framework to describe experiments directed to controlling single-atom spin dynamics by electrical means using a scanning tunneling microscope. We propose a simple model consisting of a quantum impurity connected to electrodes where an electrical time-dependent bias is applied. We solve the problem in the limit of weak coupling between the impurity and the electrodes by means of a quantum master equation that is derived by the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism. We show results in two cases. The first case is just a single atomic orbital subjected to a time-dependent electric field, and the second case consists of a single atomic orbital coupled to a second spin-1/2. The first case reproduces the main experimental features Ti atoms on MgO/Ag (100) while the second one directly addresses the experiments on two Ti atoms. These calculations permit us to explore the effect of different parameters on the driving of the atomic spins as well as to reproduce experimental fingerprints.
description: This article is a resubmitted version that will be sent to publish soon
Quantitative Age Estimation of Supernova Remnants and Associated Pulsars
Creators: name: Suzuki, Hiromasa
name: Bamba, Aya
name: Shibata, Shinpei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The age of a supernova remnant (SNR) is, though undoubtedly one of the most important properties for study of its evolution, difficult to estimate reliably in most cases. In this study, we compare the dynamical and plasma ages of the SNRs and characteristic ages of their associated pulsars with the corresponding SNRs' ages that are generally thought to be reliable ($t_{\rm r}$): historical and light-echo ages of the SNRs, kinematic ages of the ejecta knots and kinematic ages of the associated neutron stars (NS). The kinematic age of ejecta knots or a NS is the time that they have taken to reach the current positions from the explosion center. We use all of the available 24 systems for which $t_{\rm r}$ is already available (historical, light-echo, and ejecta kinematic ages) or measurable (NS kinematic age). We estimate the NS kinematic ages for eight SNR-NS systems by determining quantitatively the geometric centers of the SNR shells. The obtained $t_{\rm r}$ ranges from 33 yr to $\approx 400$ kyr. We find that the two SNR ages, dynamical and plasma ages, are consistent with $t_{\rm r}$ within a factor of four, whereas the characteristic ages of the pulsars differ from $t_{\rm r}$ by more than a factor of four in some systems. Using the $t_{\rm r}$ summarized in this work, we present the initial spin periods of the associated pulsars, which are more strictly constrained than the previous works, as well.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Non-intersecting Brownian bridges in the flat-to-flat geometry
Creators: name: Grela, Jacek
name: Majumdar, Satya N.
name: Schehr, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study $N$ vicious Brownian bridges propagating from an initial configuration $\{a_1 < a_2 < \ldots< a_N \}$ at time $t=0$ to a final configuration $\{b_1 < b_2 < \ldots< b_N \}$ at time $t=t_f$, while staying non-intersecting for all $0\leq t \leq t_f$. We first show that this problem can be mapped to a non-intersecting Dyson's Brownian bridges with Dyson index $β=2$. For the latter we derive an exact effective Langevin equation that allows to generate very efficiently the vicious bridge configurations. In particular, for the flat-to-flat configuration in the large $N$ limit, where $a_i = b_i = (i-1)/N$, for $i = 1, \cdots, N$, we use this effective Langevin equation to derive an exact Burgers' equation (in the inviscid limit) for the Green's function and solve this Burgers' equation for arbitrary time $0 \leq t\leq t_f$. At certain specific values of intermediate times $t$, such as $t=t_f/2$, $t=t_f/3$ and $t=t_f/4$ we obtain the average density of the flat-to-flat bridge explicitly. We also derive explicitly how the two edges of the average density evolve from time $t=0$ to time $t=t_f$. Finally, we discuss connections to some well known problems, such as the Chern-Simons model, the related Stieltjes-Wigert orthogonal polynomials and the Borodin-Muttalib ensemble of determinantal point processes.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures
Fire Hazard of the Contemporary American Home
Creators: name: Hanson, Robert E.
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Engineering
subject: Fire
subject: Residential
subject: Risk

description: Annual direct property damage for one- and two- family residential fires is estimated as $5.9 billion in the United States. Recent research has suggested that the level of fire hazard in contemporary homes is greater than legacy homes. This study utilizes national fire incident data from 2003 to 2010 to examine trends and characteristics of residential fires. The Item First Ignited and Heat Source for fires are analyzed in a risk model. Structural Member is the Item First Ignited that contributes the greatest amount of risk in one- and two- family houses. The Heat Source for Structural Member is concentrated among three main categories: Operating Equipment, Electrical Arcing, and Hot or Smoldering Objects. Grouping together the items Upholstered Sofas, Mattresses, and Bedding as representing soft furnishings in the house, contribute the second greatest amount of risk. The main Heat Source for these items is Other Open Flame or Smoking Materials
Endmember-Guided Unmixing Network (EGU-Net): A General Deep Learning Framework for Self-Supervised Hyperspectral Unmixing
Creators: name: Hong, Danfeng
name: Gao, Lianru
name: Yao, Jing
name: Yokoya, Naoto
name: Chanussot, Jocelyn
name: Heiden, Uta
name: Zhang, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Over the past decades, enormous efforts have been made to improve the performance of linear or nonlinear mixing models for hyperspectral unmixing, yet their ability to simultaneously generalize various spectral variabilities and extract physically meaningful endmembers still remains limited due to the poor ability in data fitting and reconstruction and the sensitivity to various spectral variabilities. Inspired by the powerful learning ability of deep learning, we attempt to develop a general deep learning approach for hyperspectral unmixing, by fully considering the properties of endmembers extracted from the hyperspectral imagery, called endmember-guided unmixing network (EGU-Net). Beyond the alone autoencoder-like architecture, EGU-Net is a two-stream Siamese deep network, which learns an additional network from the pure or nearly-pure endmembers to correct the weights of another unmixing network by sharing network parameters and adding spectrally meaningful constraints (e.g., non-negativity and sum-to-one) towards a more accurate and interpretable unmixing solution. Furthermore, the resulting general framework is not only limited to pixel-wise spectral unmixing but also applicable to spatial information modeling with convolutional operators for spatial-spectral unmixing. Experimental results conducted on three different datasets with the ground-truth of abundance maps corresponding to each material demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the EGU-Net over state-of-the-art unmixing algorithms. The codes will be available from the website: https://github.com/danfenghong/IEEE_TNNLS_EGU-Net.
title: Effiziente Zustandsverwaltung mit Persistentem Speicher
Creators: name: Benson, Lawrence
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2024

description: In dieser Arbeit untersuchen wir persistenten Speicher (PMem) in Form von Intel Optane
als neue grundlegende Technologie in der Speicherhierarchie für Datenmanagement. Dazu evaluieren
wir zuerst die Performance von PMem in einer Vielzahl von Serverkonfigurationen. Darauf aufbauend
zeigen wir, wie PMem-spezifische Zugriffsmuster in einem Key-Value-Store (names Viper) zu
signifikanten Performancevorteilen gegenüber bisherigen Systemen führen. Wir übertragen diese
Erkenntnisse auf Datenstromverarbeitung und zeigen, wie mit Hilfe von PMem sowohl Datenpersistenz
als auch hohe Performance erreicht werden können. Abschließend diskutieren wir, wie Erkenntnisse
aus der PMem-Forschung auf zukünftige Mehrschicht-Speichertechnologien wie CXL übertragen
werden können und wie dadurch die Forschungsergebnisse trotz der Einstellung der Entwicklung von
Optane ihre Relevanz behalten. Zusammenfassend zeigen wir einerseits, dass PMem signifikante
Leistungsvorteile für Datenverwaltung bietet und andererseits, wie PMem in solchen Systemen
eingesetzt werden muss, um optimale Leistung zu erreichen.
title: Evidenzbasierte Gestaltung von Experimenten zum Codeverstehen
Creators: name: Wyrich, Marvin
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2024

description: Die Dissertation beschäftigt sich im Kern mit der Beurteilung der Validität von empi-
rischen Studien im Software Engineering. Während es mittlerweile die Regel ist, dass Forschende
potenzielle Gefahren der Validität ihres Studiendesigns als Teil ihrer Publikation diskutieren, erfolgt
die Beurteilung dieser Gefahren zumeist rein intuitiv. Dies führt zu Unsicherheiten im Entwerfen
von Studien sowie zu Meinungsverschiedenheiten im Peer-Review. Die Dissertation zeigt, wie eine
Forschungsgemeinschaft bestimmte Hürden überkommen kann, um Studiendesigns evidenzbasiert
beurteilen zu können. Konkret demonstrieren wir das im Kontext experimenteller Forschungsmethoden
mit menschlichen Studienteilnehmern und im thematischen Kontext der Codeverständnis-Forschung
title: Die Konstruktion von Realitäten – Ansätze professioneller Entwicklung zur prototypischen Gestaltung von XR-Anwendungen
Creators: name: Krauß, Veronika
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2024

description: Diese Arbeit untersucht Entwicklungspraktiken im Kontext professioneller Softwareent-
wicklung für Augmented und Virtual Reality (XR) Anwendungen. Die Verbindung einer Design
Science Linse mit praxeologischen Ansätzen ermöglicht einen umfassenden Einblick in existierende
und aufkommende Entwicklungsprozesse in der aufstrebenden XR-Softwareindustrie. Angesichts des
aktuellen Mangels an Design Guidelines, Entwicklungs- und Technologiestandards sowie unterstüt-
zenden Entwicklungswerkzeugen bietet die Arbeit einen ganzheitlichen Überblick und entwickelt
mögliche Lösungsansätze sowie Designvorschläge zur (softwarebasierten) Unterstützung professio-
neller XR-Entwickler in interdisziplinären Teams.
title: Modulare and Parameter-effiziente Fine-abstimmung von Sprachmodellen
Creators: name: Pfeiffer, Jonas
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2024

description: Transferlernen ist zum führenden Paradigma in der Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache (NLP)
geworden, wobei vortrainierte Modelle für nachgelagerte Aufgaben mit minimalen Beispielen fein-
abgestimmt (fine-tuned) werden. Diese Dissertation befasst sich mit der Herausforderung, Modelle zu
entwickeln, die effizient neue Informationen aufnehmen und ohne negativen Transfer verallgemeinern.
Modulares Deep Learning, das Berechnungseinheiten innerhalb von Modulen effizient und asynchron
aktualisiert, bietet hierfür eine Schlüssellösung. Diese Module, zwischen neuronalen Schichten
(Layern) integriert oder mit vortrainierten Parametern verknüpft, ermöglichen eine kompositionelle
Generalisierung durch die Neustrukturierung von Wissen. Diese Dissertation bietet einen umfassenden
Blick auf Modularität in NLP, aufgeteilt in vier Dimensionen: Berechnungsfunktionen, Routingfunktio-
nen, Aggregationsfunktionen und das Trainingsszenario. Zu den Kernbeiträgen zählen ein vielseitiges
Forschungsframework, eine innovative “attention”-basierte Aggregationsfunktion zur Integration
von Modulen, Routingmechanismen für cross-linguale Szenarien, Strategien für multimodales und
multilinguales Lernen sowie eine modulare Vortrainingsstrategie, um katastrophale Interferenzen in
heterogenen Daten zu mindern.
title: Daten mit Personenbezug als insolvenzrechtlicher Vermögenswert – Zur insolvenzrechtlichen Behandlung und Verwertung des Vermögens von Unternehmen der Digitalwirtschaft
Creators: name: Hodgson, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2024

description: Daten stellen die Rechtsordnung seit geraumer Zeit vor erhebliche Herausforderungen.
Wegen ihrer immateriellen und technologischen Besonderheiten stoßen die klassischen rechtlichen
Theorien auf verschiedenen Ebenen an ihre Grenzen. Besonders der Umgang mit gescheiterten
Geschäftsmodellen, die eine Datenverarbeitung zum Gegenstand haben, wirft große Probleme auf.
Bislang lässt sich kein einheitliches rechtliches Konzept für die Zuordnung des wirtschaftlichen Werts
von Daten ausmachen. Es ist daher unklar, wie ein Insolvenzverwalter mit Daten, insbesondere solchen
mit Personenbezug, umgehen kann und darf. Fraglich ist, ob sie überhaupt zur Gläubigerbefriedigung
zur Verfügung stehen und ob sie verwertet, also verkauft werden dürfen. Die vorliegende Untersuchung
bietet einen Leitfaden, mithilfe dessen die vielzähligen aus dem Ineinanderwirken von Insolvenzrecht,
„Datenrecht“ und Datenschutzrecht resultierenden Problematiken nach aktueller Rechtslage bewältigt
werden können.
title: Prototyp-basiertes Lernen von Repräsentationen mittels Deep Clustering
Creators: name: Miklautz, Lukas
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2024

description: Diese Arbeit präsentiert neue Ansätze für das Clustering hochdimensionaler Daten mittels Deep Learning, bekannt als Deep Clustering. Dabei werden Herausforderungen bestehender Deep Clustering Algorithmen gelöst und ihre Kompetenzen durch nicht-redundantes Clustering,
Konsensus Clustering und Common-Subspace Clustering erweitert. Außerdem, wird erstmals ein nicht-redundantes Deep Clustering von komplexen archäologischen Daten vorgestellt. Insgesamt wird untersucht, wie Deep Learning dazu beitragen kann, Clustering Algorithmen zu verbessern.