cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evolution of cosmological perturbations and the production of non-Gaussianities through a nonsingular bounce: Indications for a no-go theorem in single field matter bounce cosmologies
Creators: name: Quintin, Jerome
name: Sherkatghanad, Zeinab
name: Cai, Yi-Fu
name: Brandenberger, Robert H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assuming that curvature perturbations and gravitational waves originally arise from vacuum fluctuations in a matter-dominated phase of contraction, we study the dynamics of the cosmological perturbations evolving through a nonsingular bouncing phase described by a generic single scalar field Lagrangian minimally coupled to Einstein gravity. In order for such a model to be consistent with the current upper limits on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, there must be an enhancement of the curvature fluctuations during the bounce phase. We show that, while it remains possible to enlarge the amplitude of curvature perturbations due to the nontrivial background evolution, this growth is very limited because of the conservation of curvature perturbations on super-Hubble scales. We further perform a general analysis of the evolution of primordial non-Gaussianities through the bounce phase. By studying the general form of the bispectrum we show that the non-Gaussianity parameter $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$ (which is of order unity before the bounce phase) is enhanced during the bounce phase if the curvature fluctuations grow. Hence, in such nonsingular bounce models with matter given by a single scalar field, there appears to be a tension between obtaining a small enough tensor-to-scalar ratio and not obtaining a value of $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$ in excess of the current upper bounds. This conclusion may be considered as a "no-go" theorem that rules out any single field matter bounce cosmology starting with vacuum initial conditions for the fluctuations.
description: 31 pages, 2 figures; v2: minor changes, references added, matches published version
Immune Signatures Predict Prognosis in Localized Cancer
Creators: name: Acharya, Chaitanya R.
name: Drake, Charles G.
name: Anders, Carey K.
name: Febbo, Phillip G.
name: Lyerly, H. Kim
name: Hsu, David S.
name: Morse, Michael A.
name: Kim, Mickey K.
name: Clay, Tim
name: Balakumaran, Bala S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The host immune response can impact cancer growth, prognosis, and response to therapy. In colorectal cancer, the presence of cells involved with T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity predicts survival better than the current staging method. We used the expression of genes recently associated with host immune responses (TH1-mediated adaptive immunity, inflammation, and immune suppression) to perform hierarchical clustering of multiple large cohorts of cancer specimens to determine if immune-related gene expression resulted in clinical significant groupings of tumors. Microarray data from prostate cancer (n = 79), breast cancer (n = 132), lung cancer (n = 84), glioblastoma multiforme (n = 120), and lymphoma (n = 127) were analyzed. Among adenocarcinomas, the TH1-mediated adaptive immunity genes were consistently associated with better prognosis, while genes associated with inflammation and immune suppression were variably associated with outcome. Specifically, increased expression of the TH1-mediated adaptive immunity genes was associated with good prognosis in breast cancer patients under 45 years of age (p = .04, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.42) and in prostate cancer patients (p = .03, HR = 0.36) but not in lung cancer patients (p = 0.45, HR = 1.37). In lymphoma, patients with increased expression of inflammation and immune suppression genes had better prognosis than those expressing the TH1-mediated adaptive immunity genes (p = .01, HR = 0.43) and in glioblastoma multiforme, the expression of inflammation genes conferred improved prognosis than those expressing immune suppression genes (p = 0.05, HR = 0.62). In aggregate, the gene expression signatures implicating specific components of the immune response hold prognostic import across solid tumors.
title: DON’T READ THIS BEFORE BED! food inspired signs in radiology
Creators: name: Ilangovan, Gurubharath
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To elaborate on some of the common and frequently encountered radiological food related signs so as to serve as a refreshing tool for...
Should Cause of Death From the Death Certificate Be Used to Examine Cancer-Specific Survival? A Study of Patients With Distant Stage Disease
Creators: name: Yabroff, K. Robin
name: Harlan, Linda C.
name: Warren, Joan L.
name: Lund, Jennifer L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Death certificates are used to classify cause of death for studies of cancer survival and mortality. Using data from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, we evaluated cause of death (site-specific, cancer cause-specific, or other cause of death) for 229,181 patients with distant stage disease during 1994–2003 who died by 2005. Agreement between coded cause of death and initial diagnosis was 85% in patients with only one primary and 64% in patients with more than one primary. Our findings support the usefulness of site and cancer cause-specific causes of death reported on the death certificate for distant stage patients with a single cancer.
Quantum Extremal Surfaces and the Holographic Entropy Cone
Creators: name: Akers, Chris
name: Hernández-Cuenca, Sergio
name: Rath, Pratik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum states with geometric duals are known to satisfy a stricter set of entropy inequalities than those obeyed by general quantum systems. The set of allowed entropies derived using the Ryu-Takayanagi (RT) formula defines the Holographic Entropy Cone (HEC). These inequalities are no longer satisfied once general quantum corrections are included by employing the Quantum Extremal Surface (QES) prescription. Nevertheless, the structure of the QES formula allows for a controlled study of how quantum contributions from bulk entropies interplay with HEC inequalities. In this paper, we initiate an exploration of this problem by relating bulk entropy constraints to boundary entropy inequalities. In particular, we show that requiring the bulk entropies to satisfy the HEC implies that the boundary entropies also satisfy the HEC. Further, we also show that requiring the bulk entropies to obey monogamy of mutual information (MMI) implies the boundary entropies also obey MMI.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures, 1 appendix, citations added in v2
title: SCROTAL PATHOLOGIES IN CHILDREN - Dont drag the bag
Creators: name: Ilangovan, Gurubharath
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genital / Reproductive system male
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Describing the protocols, classic imaging features and the role of ultrasound imaging in evaluation of scrotal pathologies and important imaging features in spectrum of scrotal disorders to distinguish it from each other which will have a similar...
title: Pretreatment CECT Radiomics for Prediction of Pathological Regression Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Preliminary Multicenter Study
Creators: name: Xie, Kun
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Stomach (incl. Oesophagus)
subject: CT
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Outcomes

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: The response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancers is varied but in the absence of an effective predictive marker. We aimed to propose and validate a practical treatment efficacy prediction method based on CECT radiomics....
Electronic Toxicity Monitoring and Patient-Reported Outcomes
Creators: name: Abernethy, Amy P.
name: Rogak, Lauren
name: Blauel, Emily
name: Clauser, Stephen B.
name: Basch, Ethan M.
name: Mitchell, Sandra A.
name: Sit, Laura
name: Minasian, Lori
name: Bruner, Deborah
name: Chilukuri, Ram
name: Baumgartner, Paul
name: Reeve, Bryce B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Understanding the potential profile of adverse events associated with cancer treatment is essential in balancing safety vs. benefits. Multiple stakeholders make use of this information towards decision-making, including patients, clinicians, researchers, regulators, and payors. Currently, adverse events are reported by clinical research staff, yet evidence suggests that this may contribute to under-reporting of symptom events. Direct patient reporting via electronic interfaces offers a promising mechanism to enhance the efficiency and precision of our current approach, and may complement clinician reports of adverse events. The National Cancer Institute has contracted to develop and test an item bank and software system for directly eliciting adverse symptom event information from patients in cancer clinical research, called the Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE). The validity, usability, and scalability of the PRO-CTCAE prototype are currently being examined in academic and community-based settings.
(401821) Janet Edmonston
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Electronic Supplementary Material from Higher songs of city birds may not be an individual response to noise.
Creators: name: Zollinger, Sue Anne
name: Slater, Peter J. B.
name: Nemeth, Erwin
name: Brumm, Henrik
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Details on playback treatments and tutor regimes
(401822) William Curr Nairn
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Gut Microbiome and Colorectal Adenomas
Creators: name: Dulal, Santosh
name: Keku, Temitope O.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The trillions of bacteria that naturally reside in the human gut collectively constitute the complex system known the gut microbiome, a vital player for the host’s homeostasis and health. However, there is mounting evidence that dysbiosis, a state of pathological imbalance in the gut microbiome is present in many disease states. In this review, we present recent insights concerning the gut microbiome’s contribution to the development of colorectal adenomas and the subsequent progression to colorectal cancer (CRC). In the United States alone, CRC is the second leading cause of cancer deaths. As a result, there is a high interest in identifying risk factors for adenomas, which are intermediate precursors to CRC. Recent research on CRC and the microbiome suggest that modulation of the gut bacterial composition and structure may be useful in preventing adenomas and CRC. We highlight the known risk factors for colorectal adenomas and the potential mechanisms by which microbial dysbiosis may contribute to the etiology of CRC. We also underscore novel findings from recent studies on the gut microbiota and colorectal adenomas along with current knowledge gaps. Understanding the microbiome may provide promising new directions towards novel diagnostic tools, biomarkers, and therapeutic interventions for CRC.
Paracausal deformations of Lorentzian metrics and Møller isomorphisms in algebraic quantum field theory
Creators: name: Moretti, Valter
name: Murro, Simone
name: Volpe, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C50, 81T05 (Primary), 35L52, 58J45 (Secondary)

description: Given a pair of normally hyperbolic operators over (possibily different) globally hyperbolic spacetimes on a given smooth manifold, the existence of a geometric isomorphism, called {\em Møller operator}, between the space of solutions is studied. This is achieved by exploiting a new equivalence relation in the space of globally hyperbolic metrics, called {\em paracausal relation}. In particular, it is shown that the Møller operator associated to a pair of paracausally related metrics and normally hyperbolic operators also intertwines the respective causal propagators of the normally hyperbolic operators and it preserves the natural symplectic forms on the space of (smooth) initial data. Finally, the Møller map is lifted to a $*$-isomorphism between (generally off-shell) $CCR$-algebras. It is shown that the Wave Front set of a Hadamard bidistribution (and of a Hadamard state in particular) is preserved by the pull-back action of this $*$-isomorphism.
description: 56 pages, 7 figures - accepted in Selecta Mathematica New Series
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV): Molecular biology and oncogenesis
Creators: name: Wen, Kwun Wah
name: Damania, Blossom
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a double-stranded DNA herpesvirus belonging to the gammaherpesvirinae subfamily. KSHV has been associated with the development of three neoplastic diseases: Kaposi sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD). In this review, we discuss the three KSHV-associated malignancies, KSHV genome, latent and lytic aspects of the viral lifecycle, putative viral oncogenes, as well as therapeutic regimens used for the treatment of KS, PEL, and MCD.
Gut microbiota and probiotics in colon tumorigenesis
Creators: name: Jobin, Christian
name: Young, Howard A.
name: Michelle Luo, T.
name: Zhu, Yuanmin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex and abundant microbial community reaching as high as 1013–1014 microorganisms in the colon. This endogenous microbiota forms a symbiotic relationship with their eukaryotic host and this close partnership helps maintain homeostasis by performing essential and non-redundant tasks (e.g. nutrition/energy and, immune system balance, pathogen exclusion). Although this relationship is essential and beneficial to the host, various events (e.g. infection, diet, stress, inflammation) may impact microbial composition, leading to the formation of a dysbiotic microbiota, further impacting on health and disease states. For example, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, collectively termed inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), have been associated with the establishment of a dysbiotic microbiota. In addition, extra-intestinal disorders such as obesity and metabolic syndrome are also associated with the development of a dysbiotic microbiota. Consequently, there is an increasing interest in harnessing the power of the microbiome and modulating its composition as a means to alleviate intestinal pathologies/disorders and maintain health status. In this review we will discuss the emerging relationship between the microbiota and development of colorectal cancer as well as present evidence that microbial manipulation (probiotic, prebiotic) impacts disease development.
(401824) Grace Mackie
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: "Change of Pace": Organizational Change Management In Radiology: Application of the Kotter 8-Step Change Model
Creators: name: Gerard, Perry
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Professional issues
subject: PACS
subject: Decision analysis
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To discuss the Kotter 8-step Change Management Model and outline its various steps. To demonstrate a variety of examples in radiology where Kotter’s Model may assist in establishing new practices and improve patient...
The Symmetrized Holographic Entropy Cone
Creators: name: Fadel, Matteo
name: Hernández-Cuenca, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The holographic entropy cone (HEC) characterizes the entanglement structure of quantum states which admit geometric bulk duals in holography. Due to its intrinsic complexity, to date it has only been possible to completely characterize the HEC for at most $n=5$ numbers of parties. For larger $n$, our knowledge of the HEC falls short of incomplete: almost nothing is known about its extremal elements. Here, we introduce a symmetrization procedure that projects the HEC onto a natural lower dimensional subspace. Upon symmetrization, we are able to deduce properties that its extremal structure exhibits for general $n$. Further, by applying this symmetrization to the quantum entropy cone, we are able to quantify the typicality of holographic entropies, which we find to be exponentially rare quantum entropies in the number of parties.
description: Comments are welcome!
Ion acceleration 'via' relativistic self induced transparency in subwavelength target
Creators: name: Choudhary, Shivani
name: Holkundkar, Amol R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we have studied the effect of target thickness on relativistic self-induced transparency (RSIT) and found out that for subwavelength targets the corresponding threshold target density (beyond which target is opaque to incident laser pulse of a given intensity) increases. The accelerating longitudinal electrostatic field created by RSIT from subwavelength target is used to accelerate the ion bunch from a thin, low density layer behind the main target to $\sim$ 100 MeV. A suitable scaling law for optimum laser and target conditions is also deduced. The word `via' in the title signifies the fact that we are interested in acceleration of ions from the layer placed behind the target. It is also being observed that as per as energy spectrum is concerned; an extra low density layer is advantageous than relying on target ions alone.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
SSR: An Efficient and Robust Framework for Learning with Unknown Label Noise
Creators: name: Feng, Chen
name: Tzimiropoulos, Georgios
name: Patras, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite the large progress in supervised learning with neural networks, there are significant challenges in obtaining high-quality, large-scale and accurately labelled datasets. In such a context, how to learn in the presence of noisy labels has received more and more attention. As a relatively complex problem, in order to achieve good results, current approaches often integrate components from several fields, such as supervised learning, semi-supervised learning, transfer learning and resulting in complicated methods. Furthermore, they often make multiple assumptions about the type of noise of the data. This affects the model robustness and limits its performance under different noise conditions. In this paper, we consider a novel problem setting, Learning with Unknown Label Noise}(LULN), that is, learning when both the degree and the type of noise are unknown. Under this setting, unlike previous methods that often introduce multiple assumptions and lead to complex solutions, we propose a simple, efficient and robust framework named Sample Selection and Relabelling(SSR), that with a minimal number of hyperparameters achieves SOTA results in various conditions. At the heart of our method is a sample selection and relabelling mechanism based on a non-parametric KNN classifier~(NPK) $g_q$ and a parametric model classifier~(PMC) $g_p$, respectively, to select the clean samples and gradually relabel the noisy samples. Without bells and whistles, such as model co-training, self-supervised pre-training and semi-supervised learning, and with robustness concerning the settings of its few hyper-parameters, our method significantly surpasses previous methods on both CIFAR10/CIFAR100 with synthetic noise and real-world noisy datasets such as WebVision, Clothing1M and ANIMAL-10N. Code is available at https://github.com/MrChenFeng/SSR_BMVC2022.
description: Accepted to BMVC2022
Products of normal, beta and gamma random variables: Stein operators and distributional theory
Creators: name: Gaunt, Robert E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F05, 60E10

description: In this paper, we extend Stein's method to products of independent beta, gamma, generalised gamma and mean zero normal random variables. In particular, we obtain Stein operators for mixed products of these distributions, which include the classical beta, gamma and normal Stein operators as special cases. These operators lead us to closed-form expressions involving the Meijer $G$-function for the probability density function and characteristic function of the mixed product of independent beta, gamma and central normal random variables.
description: 32 pages, to appear in Brazilian Journal of Probability and Statistics, 2016+
(401819) Janet [Jessie] Howden Nairn
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Electronic Supplementary Material from Higher songs of city birds may not be an individual response to noise
Creators: name: Zollinger, Sue Anne
name: Slater, Peter J. B.
name: Nemeth, Erwin
name: Brumm, Henrik
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Details on playback treatments and tutor regimes
Non-Arrhenius conduction due to the interface-trap-induced disorder in X-doped amorphous InXZnO thin-film transistors
Creators: name: Benwadih, Mohammed
name: Chroboczek, J. A.
name: Ghibaudo, Gerard
name: Coppard, Romain
name: Vuillaume, Dominique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thin film transistors, with channels composed of In-X-Zn oxides, IXZO, with X dopants: Ga, Sb, Be, Mg, Ag, Ca, Al, Ni, and Cu, were fabricated and their I-V characteristics were taken at selected temperatures in the 77K
title: "Quality Time": Utilizing The "Parasuraman Gap Model" To Identify Deficiencies In Radiology Service Quality
Creators: name: Gerard, Perry
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Radiographers
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Education
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The quality of radiologic services may be difficult to assess Certain aspects of the delivery process are often intangible and heterogenous Receipt of services often occur in the same environment in which they are delivered It is important to...
The Ages of A-Stars I: Interferometric Observations and Age Estimates for Stars in the Ursa Major Moving Group
Creators: name: Jones, Jeremy
name: White, R. J.
name: Boyajian, T.
name: Schaefer, G.
name: Baines, E.
name: Ireland, M.
name: Patience, J.
name: Brummelaar, T. ten
name: McAlister, H.
name: Ridgway, S. T.
name: Sturmann, J.
name: Sturmann, L.
name: Turner, N.
name: Farrington, C.
name: Goldfinger, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed and spatially resolved a set of seven A-type stars in the nearby Ursa Major moving group with the Classic, CLIMB, and PAVO beam combiners on the CHARA Array. At least four of these stars have large rotational velocities ($v \sin i$ $\gtrsim$ 170 $\mathrm{km~s^{-1}}$) and are expected to be oblate. These interferometric measurements, the stars' observed photometric energy distributions, and $v \sin i$ values are used to computationally construct model oblate stars from which stellar properties (inclination, rotational velocity, and the radius and effective temperature as a function of latitude, etc.) are determined. The results are compared with MESA stellar evolution models (Paxton et al. 2011, 2013) to determine masses and ages. The value of this new technique is that it enables the estimation of the fundamental properties of rapidly rotating stars without the need to fully image the star. It can thus be applied to stars with sizes comparable to the interferometric resolution limit as opposed to those that are several times larger than the limit. Under the assumption of coevality, the spread in ages can be used as a test of both the prescription presented here and the MESA evolutionary code for rapidly rotating stars. With our validated technique, we combine these age estimates and determine the age of the moving group to be 414 $\pm$ 23 Myr, which is consistent with, but much more precise than previous estimates.
description: Accepted by ApJ
(401820) Charles Nairn
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
AI Ethics Principles in Practice: Perspectives of Designers and Developers
Creators: name: Sanderson, Conrad
name: Douglas, David
name: Lu, Qinghua
name: Schleiger, Emma
name: Whittle, Jon
name: Lacey, Justine
name: Newnham, Glenn
name: Hajkowicz, Stefan
name: Robinson, Cathy
name: Hansen, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.4.1; K.4.2; K.4.3; K.7.4; K.7.m; I.2.m; I.5.m
subject: 68T01

description: As consensus across the various published AI ethics principles is approached, a gap remains between high-level principles and practical techniques that can be readily adopted to design and develop responsible AI systems. We examine the practices and experiences of researchers and engineers from Australia's national scientific research agency (CSIRO), who are involved in designing and developing AI systems for many application areas. Semi-structured interviews were used to examine how the practices of the participants relate to and align with a set of high-level AI ethics principles proposed by the Australian Government. The principles comprise: (1) privacy protection and security, (2) reliability and safety, (3) transparency and explainability, (4) fairness, (5) contestability, (6) accountability, (7) human-centred values, (8) human, social and environmental wellbeing. Discussions on the gained insights from the interviews include various tensions and trade-offs between the principles, and provide suggestions for implementing each high-level principle. We also present suggestions aiming to enhance associated support mechanisms.
description: submitted to IEEE Transactions on Technology & Society
2′-Behenoyl-paclitaxel conjugate containing lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer
Creators: name: Rahima Benhabbour, S.
name: Feng, Lan
name: Mumper, Russell J.
name: Ma, Ping
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The aim of these studies was to develop a novel 2’-behenoyl-paclitaxel (C22-PX) conjugate nanoparticle (NP) formulation for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. A lipophilic paclitaxel derivative C22-PX was synthesized and incorporated into lipid-based NPs. Free C22-PX and its NP formulation were evaluated in a series of in-vitro and in-vivo studies. The results demonstrated that C22-PX NPs were much better tolerated and had significantly higher plasma and tumor AUCs compared to Taxol at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in a subcutaneous 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma model. These benefits resulted in significantly improved antitumor efficacy with the NP-based formulation.
Location-domination in line graphs
Creators: name: Foucaud, Florent
name: Henning, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A set $D$ of vertices of a graph $G$ is locating if every two distinct vertices outside $D$ have distinct neighbors in $D$; that is, for distinct vertices $u$ and $v$ outside $D$, $N(u) \cap D \neq N(v) \cap D$, where $N(u)$ denotes the open neighborhood of $u$. If $D$ is also a dominating set (total dominating set), it is called a locating-dominating set (respectively, locating-total dominating set) of $G$. A graph $G$ is twin-free if every two distinct vertices of $G$ have distinct open and closed neighborhoods. It is conjectured [D. Garijo, A. Gonzalez and A. Marquez, The difference between the metric dimension and the determining number of a graph. Applied Mathematics and Computation 249 (2014), 487--501] and [F. Foucaud and M. A. Henning. Locating-total dominating sets in twin-free graphs: a conjecture. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 23 (2016), P3.9] respectively, that any twin-free graph $G$ without isolated vertices has a locating-dominating set of size at most one-half its order and a locating-total dominating set of size at most two-thirds its order. In this paper, we prove these two conjectures for the class of line graphs. Both bounds are tight for this class, in the sense that there are infinitely many connected line graphs for which equality holds in the bounds.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures
A critical review of lipid-based nanoparticles for taxane delivery
Creators: name: Mumper, Russell J.
name: Feng, Lan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Nano-based delivery systems have attracted a great deal of attention in the past two decades as a strategy to overcome the low therapeutic index of conventional anticancer drugs and delivery barriers in solid tumors. Myriads of preclinical studies have been focused on developing nano-based formulations to effectively deliver taxanes, one of the most important and most prescribed anticancer drug types in the clinic. Given the hydrophobic property of taxanes, lipid-based NPs, serve as a viable alternative delivery system. This critical review will provide an overview and perspective of the advancement of lipid-based nanoparticles for taxane delivery. Currently available formulations of taxanes and their drawbacks as well as criteria for idea taxane delivery system will be discussed.
On the $x$-$y$ Symmetry of Correlators in Topological Recursion via Loop Insertion Operator
Creators: name: Hock, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L54, 15B52, 16R60, 05A18

description: Topological Recursion generates a family of symmetric differential forms (correlators) from some initial data $(Σ,x,y,B)$. We give a functional relation between the correlators of genus $g=0$ generated by the initial data $(Σ,x,y,B)$ and by the initial data $(Σ,y,x,B)$, where $x$ and $y$ are interchanged. The functional relation is derived with the loop insertion operator by computing a functional relation for some intermediate correlators. Additionally, we show that our result is equivalent to the recent result of \cite{Borot:2021thu} in case of $g=0$. Consequently, we are providing a simplified functional relation between generating series of higher order free cumulants and moments in higher order free probability.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures, an assumptions is added to the second version
Table S1; Fig. S1; Appendix S1; Figure S2; Figure S3; Figure S4 from Dodging silver bullets: good CRISPR gene-drive design is critical for eradicating exotic vertebrates.
Creators: name: Prowse, Thomas A. A.
name: Cassey, Phillip
name: Ross, Joshua V.
name: Pfitzner, Chandran
name: Wittmann, Talia
name: Thomas, Paul
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Demographic parameters used for the stochastic individual-based model.; Diagram of the individual-based model structure and flow.; R function to calculate transition probabilities (Psj) for germline homing, assuming simultaneous expression of multiplexed gRNAs.; Impact of reproductive compensation on the homozygotic embryonic non-viability strategy.; Probability of successful homing under sequential and simultaneous gRNA expression.; Mean time to simulated eradication for different pest species.
Picosecond Avalanche Detector — working principle and gain measurement with a proof-of-concept prototype
Creators: name: Paolozzi, L.
name: Munker, M.
name: Cardella, R.
name: Milanesio, M.
name: Gurimskaya, Y.
name: Martinelli, F.
name: Picardi, A.
name: Rücker, H.
name: Trusch, A.
name: Valerio, P.
name: Cadoux, F.
name: Cardarelli, R.
name: Débieux, S.
name: Favre, Y.
name: Fenoglio, C.A.
name: Ferrere, D.
name: Gonzalez-Sevilla, S.
name: Kotitsa, R.
name: Magliocca, C.
name: Moretti, T.
name: Nessi, M.
name: Pizarro Medina, A.
name: Sabater Iglesias, J.
name: Saidi, J.
name: Vicente Barreto Pinto, M.
name: Zambito, S.
name: Iacobucci, G.
Publisher: name: London : Inst. of Physics
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Particle tracking detectors (Solid-state detectors)
subject: Pixelated detectors and associated VLSI electronics
subject: Solid state detectors
subject: Timing detectors
subject: 610

description: The Picosecond Avalanche Detector is a multi-junction silicon pixel detector based on a (NP)drift(NP)gain structure, devised to enable charged-particle tracking with high spatial resolution and picosecond time-stamp capability. It uses a continuous junction deep inside the sensor volume to amplify the primary charge produced by ionizing radiation in a thin absorption layer. The signal is then induced by the secondary charges moving inside a thicker drift region. A proof-of-concept monolithic prototype, consisting of a matrix of hexagonal pixels with 100 μm pitch, has been produced using the 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS process by IHP microelectronics. Measurements on probe station and with a 55Fe X-ray source show that the prototype is functional and displays avalanche gain up to a maximum electron gain of 23. A study of the avalanche characteristics, corroborated by TCAD simulations, indicates that space-charge effects due to the large primary charge produced by the conversion of X-rays from the ^55Fe source limits the effective gain.
A New Method to Calculate the Stochastic Background of Gravitational Waves Generated by Compact Binaries
Creators: name: Evangelista, E. F. D.
name: de Araujo, J. C. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the study of gravitational waves (GWs), the stochastic background generated by compact binary systems are among the most important kinds of signals. The reason for such an importance has to do with their probable detection by the interferometric detectors [such as the Advanced LIGO (ALIGO) and Einstein Telescope (ET)] in the near future. In this paper we are concerned with, in particular, the stochastic background of GWs generated by double neutron star (DNS) systems in circular orbits during their periodic and quasi--periodic phases. Our aim here is to describe a new method to calculate such spectra, which is based on an analogy with a problem of Statistical Mechanics. Besides, an important characteristic of our method is to consider the time evolution of the orbital parameters.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
(401817) James Jobson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Expedited emergency surgery by emergency radiology quality control with dedicated emergency radiology: A propensity-score matching study
Creators: name: Kim, Bona
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Emergency
subject: CT
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: Outcomes

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: The time to emergency surgical intervention is critical for outcomes in patients with an acute surgical condition [1]. Imaging delay is a major contributor to emergency department (ED) or hospital length of stay (LOS) [2], and dedicated emergency...
Architectures of Compact Multi-planet Systems: Diversity and Uniformity
Creators: name: Weiss, Lauren M.
name: Millholland, Sarah C.
name: Petigura, Erik A.
name: Adams, Fred C.
name: Batygin, Konstantin
name: Bloch, Anthony M.
name: Mordasini, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most important developments in exoplanet science in the past decade is the discovery of multi-planet systems with sub-Neptune-sized planets interior to 1~AU. This chapter explores the architectures of these planetary systems, which often display a remarkable degree of uniformity: the planets have nearly equal sizes, regular orbital spacing, low eccentricities, and small mutual inclinations. This uniformity stands in sharp contrast to the diverse nature of the exoplanet sample considered as a whole (as well as our inner solar system). We begin with a critical review of the observations -- including possible biases -- and find that these peas-in-a-pod planetary systems are apparently a common outcome of the planet formation process. Modest departures from exact uniformity suggest additional patterns, such as the planet mass slowly increasing with semi-major axis. The star formation process naturally produces circumstellar disks with the properties required to produce these planetary systems, although the solid material must move inward from its initial location. We discuss primary modes of planetary assembly, the role of orbital migration, and post-nebular atmospheric loss. Mature planetary systems are found to be near their minimum energy (tidal equilibrium) configurations; this finding provides a partial explanation for their observed properties and indicates that efficient energy dissipation must occur. Finally, we consider population synthesis models and show that peas-in-a-pod patterns emerge with reasonable choices for the input parameters. Nonetheless, interesting observational and theoretical challenges remain in order to understand how these surprisingly organized planetary systems arise from the disorder of their formation processes.
description: Chapter for publication in Protostars and Planets VII, 42 pages, 17 Figures
title: Gastro-intestinal causes of a painful right lower quadrant in children: Acute appendicitis and beyond
Creators: name: Ramdani, Hanae
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Emergency
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Infection
subject: Inflammation
subject: Neoplasia

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Highlight imaging's role in the setting of a painful RLQ in a child. Review and hierarchize the available imaging tools. List the various gastrointestinal conditions that mimic appendicitis and recognize their imaging...
(401818) Alexander Jobson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Li-Yau inequalities for the Helfrich functional and applications
Creators: name: Rupp, Fabian
name: Scharrer, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C42 (primary), 49Q10, 92C10 (secondary)

description: We prove a general Li-Yau inequality for the Helfrich functional where the spontaneous curvature enters with a singular volume type integral. In the physically relevant cases, this term can be converted into an explicit energy threshold that guarantees embeddedness. We then apply our result to the spherical case of the variational Canham-Helfrich model. If the infimum energy is not too large, we show existence of smoothly embedded minimizers. Previously, existence of minimizers was only known in the classes of immersed bubble trees or curvature varifolds.
description: 46 Pages, 10 Figures. Fixed some typos
Targeted delivery of EV peptide to tumor cell cytoplasm using lipid coated calcium carbonate nanoparticles
Creators: name: Foote, Michael B.
name: Huang, Leaf
name: Kim, Sang Kyoon
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Intracellular-acting peptide drugs are effective for inhibiting cytoplasmic protein targets, yet face challenges with penetrating the cancer cell membrane. We have developed a lipid nanoparticle formulation that utilizes a pH-sensitive calcium carbonate complexation mechanism to enable the targeted delivery of the intracellular-acting therapeutic peptide EEEEpYFELV (EV) into lung cancer cells. Lipid-calcium-carbonate (LCC) nanoparticles were conjugated with anisamide, a targeting ligand for the sigma receptor which is expressed on lung cancer cells. LCC EV nanoparticle treatment provoked severe apoptotic effects in H460 non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro. LCC NPs also mediated the specific delivery of Alexa- 488-EV peptide to tumor tissue in vivo, provoking a high tumor growth retardation effect with minimal uptake by external organs and no toxic effects.