cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figs 1, 2 and Table 1. The subantarctic lithospheric mantle
Creators: name: Delpech, Guillaume
name: Scott, James
name: Grégoire, Michel
name: Li, Dongxu
name: Liu, Jingao
name: Pearson, Graham
name: van der Meer, Quinten
name: E. Waight, Tod
name: Michon, Gilbert
name: Guillaume, Damien
name: O'Reilly, Suzanne
name: Cottin, Jean-Yves
name: Giret, André
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2021

description: Photomicrographs of microstructures, plane-polarized views of peridotites and summary table of peridotites
The Collinear Limit of the Energy-Energy Correlator
Creators: name: Dixon, Lance J.
name: Moult, Ian
name: Zhu, Hua Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy-energy-correlator (EEC) observable in $e^+e^-$ annihilation measures the energy deposited in two detectors as a function of the angle between the detectors. The collinear limit, where the angle between the two detectors approaches zero, is of particular interest for describing the substructure of jets produced at hadron colliders as well as in $e^+e^-$ annihilation. We derive a factorization formula for the leading power asymptotic behavior in the collinear limit of a generic quantum field theory, which allows for the resummation of logarithmically enhanced terms to all orders by renormalization group evolution. The relevant anomalous dimensions are expressed in terms of the timelike data of the theory, in particular the moments of the timelike splitting functions, which are known to high perturbative orders. We relate the small angle and back-to-back limits to each other via the total cross section and an integral over intermediate angles. This relation provides us with the initial conditions for quark and gluon jet functions at order $α_s^2$. In QCD and in $\mathcal{N}=1$ super-Yang-Mills theory, we then perform the resummation to next-to-next-to-leading logarithm, improving previous calculations by two perturbative orders. We highlight the important role played by the non-vanishing $β$ function in these theories, which while subdominant for Higgs decays to gluons, dominates the behavior of the EEC in the collinear limit for $e^+e^-$ annihilation, and in $\mathcal{N}=1$ super-Yang-Mills theory. In conformally invariant $\mathcal{N}=4$ super-Yang-Mills theory, reciprocity between timelike and spacelike evolution can be used to express our factorization formula as a power law with exponent equal to the spacelike twist-two spin-three anomalous dimensions, thus providing a connection between timelike and spacelike approaches.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures + Appendices
Additional file 1: of Social group and health care provider interventions to increase the demand for malaria rapid diagnostic test among community members in Ebonyi state, Nigeria: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Ugwu Omale
name: Azuogu, Benedict
name: Chihurumnanya Alo
name: Ugochukwu Madubueze
name: Onyinyechukwu Oka
name: Okeke, Kingsley
name: Ifeyinwa Okafor
name: Utulu, Rowland
name: Uduak Akpan
name: Chijioke Iloke
name: Anthonia Nnubia
name: Ifeyinwa Eze
name: Ogechukwu Anene
name: Chukwuka Nnabu
name: Ibemesi, Deborah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: SPIRIT 2013 checklist (DOC 122 kb)
Gauge Symmetry Breaking through the Hosotani Mechanism in Softly Broken Supersymmetric QCD
Creators: name: Takenaga, Kazunori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gauge symmetry breaking through the Hosotani mechanism (the dynamics of nonintegrable phases) in softly broken supersymmetric QCD with $N_F^{fd}$ flavors is studied. For $N=$ even, there is a single SU(N) symmetric vacuum state, while for $N=$ odd, there is a doubly degenerate SU(N) symmetric vacuum state in the model. We also study generalized supersymmetric QCD by adding $N_F^{adj}$ numbers of massless adjoint matter. The gauge symmetry breaking pattern such as $SU(3)\to SU(2)\times U(1)$ is possible for appropriate choices of the matter content and values of the supersymmetry breaking parameter. The massless state of the adjoint Higgs scalar is also discussed in the models.
description: 19 pages, no figure, final version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Selective excitation of multipolar spoof plasmons using orbital angular momentum of light
Creators: name: Arikawa, Takashi
name: Hiraoka, Tomoki
name: Morimoto, Shohei
name: Blanchard, Francois
name: Tani, Shuntaro
name: Tanaka, Tomoko
name: Sakai, Kyosuke
name: Kitajima, Hiroki
name: Sasaki, Keiji
name: Tanaka, Koichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of light-matter interaction is governed by the spatial-temporal structures of a light field and material wavefunctions. The emergence of the light beam with transverse phase vortex, or equivalently orbital angular momentum (OAM) has been providing intriguing possibilities to induce unconventional optical transitions beyond the framework of the electric dipole interaction. The uniqueness stems from the OAM transfer from light to material, as demonstrated using the bound electron of a single trapped ion. However, many aspects of the vortex light-matter interaction are still unexplored especially in solids with extended electronic states. Here, we unambiguously visualized dipole-forbidden multipolar excitations in a solid-state electron system; spoof localized surface plasmon, selectively induced by the terahertz vortex beam. The results obey the selection rules governed by the conservation of the total angular momentum, which is numerically confirmed by the electromagnetic field analysis. Our results show light's OAM can be efficiently transferred to an elementary excitation in solids.
Additional file 1 of The effect of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths on expressive language skills among African preschool children
Creators: name: Mazibuko, Xolisile I.
name: Chimbari, Moses
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Appendix C/ MOEMS 1.
Equation-of-state Constraints and the QCD Phase Transition in the Era of Gravitational-Wave Astronomy
Creators: name: Bauswein, Andreas
name: Bastian, Niels-Uwe Friedrich
name: Blaschke, David
name: Chatziioannou, Katerina
name: Clark, James Alexander
name: Fischer, Tobias
name: Janka, Hans-Thomas
name: Just, Oliver
name: Oertel, Micaela
name: Stergioulas, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a multi-messenger interpretation of GW170817, which yields a robust lower limit on NS radii. This excludes NSs with radii smaller than about 10.7 km and thus rules out very soft nuclear matter. We stress the potential of this type of constraints when future detections become available. A very similar argumentation may yield an upper bound on the maximum mass of nonrotating NSs. We also discuss simulations of NS mergers, which undergo a first-order phase transition to quark matter. We point out a different dynamical behavior. Considering the gravitational-wave signal, we identify an unambiguous signature of the QCD phase transition in NS mergers. The occurrence of quark matter through a strong first-order phase transition during merging leads to a characteristic shift of the dominant postmerger frequency. The frequency shift is indicative for a phase transition if it is compared to the postmerger frequency which is expected for purely hadronic EoS models. A very strong deviation of several 100 Hz is observed for hybrid EoSs in an otherwise tight relation between the tidal deformability and the postmerger frequency. We address the potential impact of a first-order phase transition on the electromagnetic counterpart of NS mergers. Our simulations suggest that there would be no significant qualitative differences between a system undergoing a phase transition to quark matter and purely hadronic mergers. The quantitative differences are within the spread which is found between different hadronic EoS models. This implies on the one hand that GW170817 is compatible with a possible transition to quark matter. On the other hand these considerations show that it may not be easy to identify quantitative differences between purely hadronic mergers and events in which quark matter occurs considering solely their electromagnetic counterpart or their nucleosynthesis products. (abridged)
description: 15 pages, 11 figures, submitted to the AIP Conference Proceedings of the Xiamen-CUSTIPEN Workshop on the EOS of Dense Neutron-Rich Matter in the Era of Gravitational Wave Astronomy (January 3 - 7, 2019, Xiamen, China)
Communicating Evidence about the Causes of Obesity and Support for Obesity Policies: Two Population-Based Survey Experiments
Creators: name: Reynolds, James P.
name: Vasiljevic, Milica
name: Pilling, Mark
name: Hall, Marissa G.
name: Ribisl, Kurt M.
name: Marteau, Theresa M.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: policy
acceptability
overweight
attributions
framing
communication

description: Public support for numerous obesity policies is low, which is one barrier to their implementation. One reason for this low support is the tendency to ascribe obesity to failings of willpower as opposed to the environment. Correlational evidence supports this position. However, the experimental evidence is mixed. In two experimental studies, participants were randomised to receive no message, messages about the environment’s influence on obesity (Study 1 2), or messages about the environment’s influence on human behaviour (Study 1). We investigated whether communicating these messages changed support for obesity policies and beliefs about the causes of obesity. Participants were recruited from nationally representative samples in Great Britain (Study 1 2) and the USA (Study 2) (total n = 4391). Study 2 was designed to replicate existing research. Neither study found evidence that communicating the messages increased support for obesity policies or strengthened beliefs about the environment’s role in obesity. Study 2, therefore, did not replicate two earlier experimental studies. Instead, the studies reported here suggest that people’s beliefs about the causes of obesity are resistant to change in response to evidence and are, therefore, not a promising avenue to increase support for obesity policies.
MOESM2 of The therapeutic effects of microRNAs in preclinical studies of acute kidney injury: a systematic review protocol
Creators: name: Zankar, Sarah
name: Rodriguez, Rosendo
name: Vinas, Jose
name: Burns, Kevin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Search strategy
Solar Activity and Cloud Opacity Variations: A Modulated Cosmic-Ray Ionization Model
Creators: name: Marsden, David
name: Lingenfelter, Richard E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed correlation between global low cloud amount and the flux of high energy cosmic rays supports the idea that ionization plays a crucial role in tropospheric cloud formation. We explore this idea quantitatively with a simple model linking the concentration of cloud condensation nuclei to the varying ionization rate due to cosmic rays. Among the predictions of the model is a variation in global cloud optical thickness, or opacity, with cosmic-ray rate. Using the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project database (1983-1999), we search for variations in the yearly mean visible cloud opacity and visible cloud amount due to cosmic rays. After separating out temporal variations in the data due to the Mt. Pinatubo eruption and El Nino/Southern Oscillation, we identify systematic variations in opacity and cloud amount due to cosmic rays. We find that the fractional amplitude of the opacity variations due to cosmic rays increases with cloud altitude, becoming approximately zero or negative (inverse correlation) for low clouds. Conversely, the fractional changes in visible cloud amount due to cosmic rays are only positively-correlated for low clouds and become negative or zero for the higher clouds. The opacity trends suggest behavior contrary to the current predictions of ion-mediated nucleation (IMN) models, but more accurate temporal modeling of the ISCCP data is needed before definitive conclusions can be drawn.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures. To appear in JAS
Hoplitis (Anthocopa) infrapicta
Creators: name: Kuhlmann, M.
name: Gess, F. G.
name: Koch, F.
name: Gess, S. K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Hoplitis
Hoplitis infrapicta

description: Hoplitis (Anthocopa) infrapicta (Cockerell, 1916)
 Megachile infrapicta Cockerell, 1916: 203.
 Female type: TYPE / B.M. Type HYM.17a.2510 / (Cockerell’s handwriting): Megachile infrapicta Ckll. TYPE / (red label): OSMIA / Ex Coll. C.K.B. Oranjezicht, Nov. 30.07 (NHML).
 Osmia infrapicta Cockerell: Cockerell 1920: 257; Cockerell 1931: 339; Cockerell 1932c: 439; Cockerell 1935: 72–73; Cockerell 1936b: 38; Cockerell 1937b: 285; Cockerell 1938: 230.
 Hoplitis (Anthocopa) infrapicta (Cockerell) comb. nov.: Michener 1968: 339 (nesting).
 Hoplitis (Anthocopa) infrapicta (Cockerell): Eardley and Urban 2010: 212.
 Flower visiting. Unknown.
 Nesting. This bee was found by Charles Michener (Michener 1968) nesting on a slope behind Noordhoek on the Cape Peninsula. The nests were in a slightly sloping path of loose gravelly clay. Two nests of one cell each were found. As they were only 2 cm apart and one had been completed and closed and the other was being provisioned, Michener suggested that they were made by the same bee. The burrow leading to each cell was vertical. The cell itself was curved and slanting. The cell wall was rough, irregular, pebbly, not or scarcely compacted. The lining was of thin purple petals, four or five layers thick. In the cell, still being provisioned, the petals reached the surface of the soil. Closure of the cell had been achieved by turning the uppermost parts of the petals inward. The inner petals had first been bent over and a little loose soil had been placed on top of them. Then other petals had similarly been turned in and soil added. Finally the outermost petals had been bent in, with probably one or two additional petal fragments placed on top of these, and soil added to the level of the ground surface.
description: Published as part of Kuhlmann, M., Gess, F. G., Koch, F. & Gess, S. K., 2011, Southern African osmiine bees: taxonomic notes, two new species, a key to Wainia, and biological observations (Hymenoptera: Anthophila: Megachilidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3108 on pages 5-6
Yet another way to measure $γ$
Creators: name: Diehl, M.
name: Hiller, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the CKM phase $2 β+γ$ can be extracted from measurement of the time dependent rates in the decays $\bar{B}^0 \to D^{(*)\pm} M^\mp$ and $B^0 \to D^{(*)\pm} M^\mp$, where $M=a_0$, $π(1300)$, $b_1$, $a_2$, $π_2$, $ρ_3$. These channels have a large asymmetry between decays of $\bar{B}^0$ and $B^0$ into the same final state. Even though the branching ratios are small, their sensitivity to $γ$ can be competitive with decays into $D^{(*)}$ and $(π,ρ,a_1)$.
description: 5 pages, some clarifications and references added
Psychological interventions countering misinformation in social media. A scoping review. Research protocol
Creators: name: Gwiaździński, Paweł
name: Kunst, Jonas R.
name: Gundersen, Aleksander
name: Noworyta, Karolina
name: Olejniuk, Agata
name: Piasecki, Jan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 179999 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Introduction
 Misinformation is a complex concept and its meaning can encompass several kinds of different phenomena. Liang Wu et el. consider a wide variety of online behavior as misinformation:1 unintentionally spreading false information, intentionally spreading false information, disseminating urban legends, sharing fake news, unverified information, and rumors, as well as crowdturfing, spamming, trolling, and propagating hate speech, or being involved in cyberbullying. The aim of this review is to address the following question: “What psychological interventions countering misinformation can be deployed on popular social media platforms (e.g. Twitter, Facebook)?”. In order to address this question, we have designed a systematic scoping review procedure in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.2,3 Effective measures of countering misinformation on social media are instrumental for facilitating and fostering reliable public conversation about political and social problems. Moreover, countering misinformation on social media platforms can be also considered a public health intervention, especially in the time of health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.   Methods and analysis  A scoping review is a modern, rigorous approach to synthesis science, developed among others by the Joanna Briggs Institute team. For data extractions, we plan to use the following databases: Embase, Scopus, and PubMed. For paper selection, eligibility criteria were defined.
Long-term strategies to control COVID-19 in low and middle-income countries: an options overview of community-based, non-pharmacological interventions
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Rajiv
name: Luhar, Shammi
name: Khan, Nusrat
name: Choudhury, Sohel Reza
name: Matin, Imran
name: Franco, Oscar H.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Covid-19
COVID-19
Low and middle-income countries
Non-pharmacological interventions
Exit plan
Zonal lockdown
Local lockdown
Rolling lockdown
Mitigation

description: Abstract: In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), strict social distancing measures (e.g., nationwide lockdown) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic are unsustainable in the long-term due to knock-on socioeconomic and psychological effects. However, an optimal epidemiology-focused strategy for ‘safe-reopening’ (i.e., balancing between the economic and health consequences) remain unclear, particularly given the suboptimal disease surveillance and diagnostic infrastructure in these settings. As the lockdown is now being relaxed in many LMICs, in this paper, we have (1) conducted an epidemiology-based “options appraisal” of various available non-pharmacological intervention options that can be employed to safely lift the lockdowns (namely, sustained mitigation, zonal lockdown and rolling lockdown strategies), and (2) propose suitable application, pre-requisites, and inherent limitations for each measure. Among these, a sustained mitigation-only approach (adopted in many high-income countries) may not be feasible in most LMIC settings given the absence of nationwide population surveillance, generalised testing, contact tracing and critical care infrastructure needed to tackle the likely resurgence of infections. By contrast, zonal or local lockdowns may be suitable for some countries where systematic identification of new outbreak clusters in real-time would be feasible. This requires a generalised testing and surveillance structure, and a well-thought out (and executed) zone management plan. Finally, an intermittent, rolling lockdown strategy has recently been suggested by the World Health Organization as a potential strategy to get the epidemic under control in some LMI settings, where generalised mitigation and zonal containment is unfeasible. This strategy, however, needs to be carefully considered for economic costs and necessary supply chain reforms. In conclusion, while we propose three community-based, non-pharmacological options for LMICs, a suitable measure should be context-specific and based on: (1) epidemiological considerations, (2) social and economic costs, (3) existing health systems capabilities and (4) future-proof plans to implement and sustain the strategy.
MOESM1 of The therapeutic effects of microRNAs in preclinical studies of acute kidney injury: a systematic review protocol
Creators: name: Zankar, Sarah
name: Rodriguez, Rosendo
name: Vinas, Jose
name: Burns, Kevin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA-P 2015 Checklist
Do AGN triggering mechanisms vary with radio power? I.Optical morphologies of radio-intermediate HERGs
Creators: name: Pierce, Jonathon C. S.
name: Tadhunter, Clive N.
name: Almeida, Cristina Ramos
name: Bessiere, Patricia
name: Rose, Marvin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio AGNs with intermediate radio powers are capable of driving multi-phase outflows in galaxy bulges, and are also more common than their high-radio-power counterparts. In-depth characterisation of the typical host galaxies and likely triggering mechanisms for this population is therefore required in order to better understand the role of radio AGN feedback in galaxy evolution. Here, we use deep optical imaging data to study the detailed host morphologies of a complete sample of 30 local radio AGNs with high-excitation optical emission (HERG) spectra and intermediate radio powers (z $$ 25.0 WHz$^{-1}$) with strong optical emission lines: 53 $\pm$ 9 per cent and 94 $\pm$ 4 per cent, respectively. In addition, the most radio-powerful half of the sample has a higher frequency of morphological disturbance than the least radio-powerful half (67 $\pm$ 12 per cent and 40 $\pm$ 13 per cent, respectively), including the eight most highly-disturbed galaxies. This suggests that the importance of triggering nuclear activity in HERGs through mergers and interactions reduces with radio power. Both visual inspection and detailed light profile modelling reveal a mixed population of early-type and late-type morphologies, contrary to the massive elliptical galaxy hosts of radio-powerful AGNs. The prevalence of late-type hosts could suggest that triggering via secular, disk-based processes has increased importance for HERGs with lower radio powers (e.g. disk instabilities, large scale bars).
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 20 pages, 8 figures
Elastic meson production and Compton scattering
Creators: name: Diehl, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss recent progress in the theory of exclusive meson production and Compton scattering, focusing on hard-scattering factorization and on the dipole formalism.
description: 15 pages. Talk given at the Ringberg Workshop on New Trends in HERA Physics 2001. v2: References added
Hoplitis (Anthocopa) mediorufa Kuhlmann & Gess & Koch & Gess 2011, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Kuhlmann, M.
name: Gess, F. G.
name: Koch, F.
name: Gess, S. K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Hoplitis
Hoplitis mediorufa

description: Hoplitis (Anthocopa) mediorufa (Cockerell, 1932) comb. nov.
 Osmia mediorufa Cockerell, 1932a: 363–364.
 Female type: (handwritten): Graaf Reinet [sic!], Oct. 27, J.O. / (Cockerell’s handwriting): Osmia mediorufa Ckll. TYPE / B.M. Type HYM.17a.2717 (NHML).
description: Published as part of Kuhlmann, M., Gess, F. G., Koch, F. & Gess, S. K., 2011, Southern African osmiine bees: taxonomic notes, two new species, a key to Wainia, and biological observations (Hymenoptera: Anthophila: Megachilidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3108 on page 6
ERICC Technical Brief _ Education Research Agenda in Conflict-Affected Contexts of Myanmar 2024
Creators: name: ERICC Consortium
name: Rinehart, Gray
name: Naing, Thein
name: Pherali, Tejendra
name: Chase, Elaine
name: Zaw, Htet Thiha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 390201
subject: Education policy

description: This brief draws on a detailed report: Education Research Agenda in Conflict-Affected Contexts of Myanmar (Rinehart et al, 2024b). Here, we present key indicative research questions under four research themes. We identified and prioritised these themes by analysing data from workshops and interviews with key educational stakeholders who are working in the context of Myanmar. We encourage readers to consult the full research agenda report, in which we provide an extensive discussion of the methodology, description of the context, and detailed sub-questions that could be relevant to researchers. We reviewed education evidence to identify gaps in knowledge about education during Myanmar’s conflict (Rinehart et al, 2024a). We used these findings to inform our research agenda. We intend for the research agenda to build a stronger foundation of evidence for understanding how diverse actors design and deliver education for ethnic, refugee and migrant children. The research agenda uses the ERICC conceptual framework (Kim et al, 2024) to situate the research themes and aims. This ensures that the research is intentionally organised within a theoretical understanding of education within conflict and crisis settings.
Evaluation of (−)-epicatechin metabolites as recovery biomarker of dietary flavan-3-ol intake
Creators: name: Ottaviani, Javier I.
name: Fong, Reedmond
name: Kimball, Jennifer
name: Ensunsa, Jodi L.
name: Gray, Nicola
name: Vogiatzoglou, Anna
name: Britten, Abigail
name: Lucarelli, Debora
name: Luben, Robert
name: Grace, Philip B.
name: Mawson, Deborah H.
name: Tym, Amy
name: Wierzbicki, Antonia
name: Smith, A. David
name: Wareham, Nicholas J.
name: Forouhi, Nita G.
name: Khaw, Kay-Tee
name: Schroeter, Hagen
name: Kuhnle, Gunter G. C.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Article
/692/308/174
/692/499
/141
article

description: Abstract: Data from dietary intervention studies suggest that intake of (−)-epicatechin mediates beneficial vascular effects in humans. However, population-based investigations are required to evaluate associations between habitual intake and health and these studies rely on accurate estimates of intake, which nutritional biomarkers can provide. Here, we evaluate a series of structurally related (−)-epicatechin metabolites (SREM), particularly (−)-epicatechin-3′-glucuronide, (−)-epicatechin-3′-sulfate and 3′-O-methyl-(−)-epicatechin-5-sulfate (SREMB), as flavan-3-ol and (−)-epicatechin intake. SREMB in urine proved to be a specific indicator of (−)-epicatechin intake, showing also a strong correlation with the amount of (−)-epicatechin ingested (R2: 0.86 (95% CI 0.8l; 0.92). The median recovery of (−)-epicatechin as SREMB in 24 h urine was 10% (IQR 7–13%) and we found SREMB in the majority of participants of EPIC Norfolk (83% of 24,341) with a mean concentration of 2.4 ± 3.2 µmol/L. Our results show that SREMB are suitable as biomarker of (−)-epicatechin intake. According to evaluation criteria from IARC and the Institute of Medicine, the results obtained support use of SREMB as a recovery biomarker to estimate actual intake of (−)-epicatechin.
Psychological interventions countering misinformation in social media. A scoping review. Research protocol
Creators: name: Gwiaździński, Paweł
name: Kunst, Jonas R.
name: Gundersen, Aleksander
name: Noworyta, Karolina
name: Piasecki, Jan
name: Olejniuk, Agata
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 179999 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Introduction
 Misinformation is a complex concept and its meaning can encompass several kinds of different phenomena. Liang Wu et el. consider a wide variety of online behavior as misinformation:1 unintentionally spreading false information, intentionally spreading false information, disseminating urban legends, sharing fake news, unverified information, and rumors, as well as crowdturfing, spamming, trolling, and propagating hate speech, or being involved in cyberbullying. The aim of this review is to address the following question: “What psychological interventions countering misinformation can be deployed on popular social media platforms (e.g. Twitter, Facebook)?”. In order to address this question, we have designed a systematic scoping review procedure in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.2,3 Effective measures of countering misinformation on social media are instrumental for facilitating and fostering reliable public conversation about political and social problems. Moreover, countering misinformation on social media platforms can be also considered a public health intervention, especially in the time of health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.   Methods and analysis  A scoping review is a modern, rigorous approach to synthesis science, developed among others by the Joanna Briggs Institute team. For data extractions, we plan to use the following databases: Embase, Scopus, and PubMed. For paper selection, eligibility criteria were defined.
String Interactions in PP-Waves
Creators: name: Gopakumar, Rajesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that string interactions in a PP-wave spacetime are governed by an effective coupling $g_{eff}=g_s(μp^+\apm)f(μp^+ \apm)$ where $f(μp^+ \apm)$ is proportional to the light cone energy of the string states involved in the interaction. This simply follows from generalities of a Matrix String description of this background. $g_{eff}$ nicely interpolates between the expected result ($g_s$) for flat space (small $μp^+\apm$) and a recently conjectured expression from the perturbative gauge theory side (large $μp^+\apm$).
description: 8 pages
Hoplitis (Anthocopa) namaquaensis Kuhlmann & Gess & Koch & Gess 2011, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Kuhlmann, M.
name: Gess, F. G.
name: Koch, F.
name: Gess, S. K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Hoplitis
Hoplitis namaquaensis

description: Hoplitis (Anthocopa) namaquaensis (Friese, 1913) comb. nov.
 Osmaia [sic!] namaquaensis Friese, 1913b: 590–591.
 Female type: Namaqual. (Bushmanl.) / (Friese’s handwriting): Osmia namaquaensis ♀ 1913 Friese det. / (red label): Type / (two identical labels): Coll. Friese / (two identical labels): Zool. Mus. Berlin (ZMHB).
 Osmia ausica Cockerell, 1944: 249. syn. nov.
 Female type: Aus, 8-30.xi.1929 / S.W. Africa, R.E. Turner, Brit. Mus., 1930-113 / (Cockerell’s handwriting): Osmia ausica Ckll. TYPE / B.M. Type HYM.17a.2719 (NHML).
description: Published as part of Kuhlmann, M., Gess, F. G., Koch, F. & Gess, S. K., 2011, Southern African osmiine bees: taxonomic notes, two new species, a key to Wainia, and biological observations (Hymenoptera: Anthophila: Megachilidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3108 on page 6
Sublinear-Time Language Recognition and Decision by One-Dimensional Cellular Automata
Creators: name: Modanese, Augusto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: After an apparent hiatus of roughly 30 years, we revisit a seemingly neglected subject in the theory of (one-dimensional) cellular automata: sublinear-time computation. The model considered is that of ACAs, which are language acceptors whose acceptance condition depends on the states of all cells in the automaton. We prove a time hierarchy theorem for sublinear-time ACA classes, analyze their intersection with the regular languages, and, finally, establish strict inclusions in the parallel computation classes $\mathsf{SC}$ and (uniform) $\mathsf{AC}$. As an addendum, we introduce and investigate the concept of a decider ACA (DACA) as a candidate for a decider counterpart to (acceptor) ACAs. We show the class of languages decidable in constant time by DACAs equals the locally testable languages, and we also determine $Ω(\sqrt{n})$ as the (tight) time complexity threshold for DACAs up to which no advantage compared to constant time is possible.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures, to appear at DLT 2020
Mass Expansions of Screened Perturbation Theory
Creators: name: Andersen, Jens. O
name: Strickland, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermodynamics of massless phi^4-theory is studied within screened perturbation theory (SPT). In this method the perturbative expansion is reorganized by adding and subtracting a mass term in the Lagrangian. We analytically calculate the pressure and entropy to three-loop order and the screening mass to two-loop order, expanding in powers of m/T. The truncated m/T-expansion results are compared with numerical SPT results for the pressure, entropy and screening mass which are accurate to all orders in m/T. It is shown that the m/T-expansion converges quickly and provides an accurate description of the thermodynamic functions for large values of the coupling constant.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures
MOESM1 of Transcriptional profiling of innate immune responses in sheep PBMCs induced by Haemonchus contortus soluble extracts
Creators: name: Wang, Si
name: Hu, Dandan
name: Wang, Chaoyue
name: Tang, Xinming
name: Du, Mengze
name: Gu, Xiaolong
name: Suo, Jingxia
name: Hu, Min
name: Fang, Rui
name: Zhu, Xingquan
name: Zhang, Xichen
name: Du, Aifang
name: Suo, Xun
name: Liu, Xianyong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers used for real-time PCR.
The flux tube spectrum and the world-sheet axion
Creators: name: Athenodorou, Andreas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Flux Tubes, Confining Strings, Axion, Effective String Theory

description: Invited presentation at the conference Flux tubes, Quark Confinement and Exotic Hadrons hosted at the KITP Program: Confinement, Flux Tubes and Large N (KITP Program: Confinement, Flux Tubes, and Large N (ucsb.edu))
Creating genetic reports that are understood by nonspecialists: a case study
Creators: name: Recchia, Gabriel
name: Chiappi, Antonia
name: Chandratillake, Gemma
name: Raymond, Lucy
name: Freeman, Alexandra L. J.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Article
article
genetic test reports
comprehension
user-centered design
risk communication
personalized medicine

description: Abstract: Purpose: Guidelines recommend that genetic reports should be clear to nonspecialists, including patients. We investigated the feasibility of creating reports for cystic fibrosis carrier testing through a rapid user-centered design process that built on a previously developed generic template. We evaluated the new reports’ communication efficacy and effects on comprehension against comparable reports used in current clinical practice. Methods: Thirty participants took part in three rounds of interviews. Usability problems were identified and rectified in each round. One hundred ninety-three participants took part in an evaluation of the resulting reports measuring subjective comprehension, risk probability comprehension, perceived communication efficacy, and other factors, as compared with standard reports. Results: Participants viewing the user-centered reports rated them as clearer, easier to understand, and more effective at communicating key information than standard reports. Both groups ended up with equivalent knowledge of risk probabilities, although we observed differences in how those probabilities were perceived. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that by starting with a patient-friendly generic report template and modifying it for specific scenarios with a rapid user-centered design process, reports can be produced that are more effective at communicating key information. The resulting reports are now being implemented into clinical care.
Additional file 1 of Tibial internal rotation in combined anterior cruciate ligament and high-grade anterolateral ligament injury and its influence on ACL length
Creators: name: Hodel, Sandro
name: Torrez, Carlos
name: Flury, Andreas
name: Fritz, Benjamin
name: Steinwachs, Matthias R.
name: Vlachopoulos, Lazaros
name: Fucentese, Sandro F.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1.
Performance of vertical drains in liquefaction mitigation under structures
Creators: name: García-Torres, Samy
name: Madabhushi, Gopal Santana Phani
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Review Article
Liquefaction
Earthquakes
Centrifuge
Drains
Soil–structure interaction

description: Abstract: Several techniques have been developed in order to mitigate damage to buildings during and after liquefaction events. Benefits of using vertical drains have been verified by analysing their performance in the soil and evaluating their effectiveness in dissipation of excess pore pressures generated by the earthquake. However, the effect of drains in the soil below structures requires further investigation. In this paper, a dynamic centrifuge test series was carried out to evaluate the performance of a vertical drains arrangement below shallow foundations. High permeable rubble brick was used as coarse material inside the drains to provide positive results not only from a geotechnical point of view but also from an environmental and sustainable perspective. The behaviour of drains was analysed when they are located under shallow foundations of a building, in terms of the excess pore pressures generated during the earthquake and subsequent post-seismic dissipation, the foundation settlement and its dynamic response.
Hoplitis (Anthocopa) neavei Kuhlmann & Gess & Koch & Gess 2011, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Kuhlmann, M.
name: Gess, F. G.
name: Koch, F.
name: Gess, S. K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Hoplitis
Hoplitis neavei

description: Hoplitis (Anthocopa) neavei (Cockerell, 1936) comb. nov.
 Osmia neavei Cockerell, 1936b: 37–38.
 Female type: B.M. Type HYM.17a.2528 / (Cockerell’s handwriting): Osmia neavei Ckll. TYPE / N.E. Rhodesia, Nianadzi R., Nr. Nawalia / 17-22 Aug. 1910, 2000 ft., S.A. Neave (NHML).
description: Published as part of Kuhlmann, M., Gess, F. G., Koch, F. & Gess, S. K., 2011, Southern African osmiine bees: taxonomic notes, two new species, a key to Wainia, and biological observations (Hymenoptera: Anthophila: Megachilidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3108 on page 7
MOESM1 of Knowledge of neonatal danger signs and associated factors among mothers who gave birth during the last 4 months while attending immunization services in Harar town public health facilities, Ethiopia, 2017
Creators: name: Fissaha Welay
name: Nega Kassa
name: Gebrekiros Gebremeskel
name: Natnael Assefa
name: Meresa Mengesha
name: Mulu Weldemariam
name: Senait Gebremeskel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Sociodemographic characteristics of mothers who gave birth the last 4 months attending baby immunization in Harar town public health facilities, Eastern Ethiopia, February 2017. Table S2. Antenatal care service utilization and obstetric conditions of mothers who gave birth the last 4 month attending immunization in Harar town public health facilities, Eastern Ethiopia, February 2017. Figure S1. Place of delivery of mothers who gave birth the last 4 month attending baby immunization in Harar town public health facilities, Eastern Ethiopia, February 2017 (n = 432)
The evolution of an SBNS-accredited NANSIG simulated skills workshop for aspiring neurosurgical trainees: an analysis of qualitative and quantitative data
Creators: name: Gough, Melissa
name: Solomou, Georgios
name: Khan, Danyal Zaman
name: Kamel, Mohammed
name: Fountain, Daniel
name: Kumaria, Ashwin
name: Ashpole, Richard
name: Sinha, Saurabh
name: Mendoza, Nigel
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Original Article - Neurosurgery Training
Neurosurgery training
Simulation
Neurosurgery
Training
Improvement

description: Funder: Newcastle University
description: Abstract: Background: The Neurology and Neurosurgery Interest Group (NANSIG) neurosurgical skills workshop is novel in teaching neurosurgical skills solely to medical students and foundation trainees in the UK. The aim is to offer an affordable option for a high-fidelity simulation course enabling students to learn and practise specific neurosurgical skills in a safe, supervised environment. Methods: A 10-delegate cohort was quantitatively assessed at the NANSIG neurosurgical skills workshop. Two assessors used a novel modified Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (mOSATS) assessment tool, comprising 5 domains ranked according to a 5-point scale to rate delegates’ ability to create a burr hole. Qualitative data from previous workshops were collected, consisting of open-ended, closed-ended and 5-point Likert scale responses to pre- and post-workshop questionnaires. Data were analysed using SPSS® software. Results: Delegates scored a mean total of 62.1% (21.75/35) and 85.1% (29.8/35) in pre- and post-workshop assessments respectively revealing a statistically significant improvement. Regarding percentage of improvement, no significant difference was shown amongst candidates when comparing the number of neurosurgical cases observed and/or assisted in the past. There was no significant difference in the overall rating between the last two workshops (4.89 and 4.8 out of 5, respectively). One hundred percent of the attendees reported feeling more confident in assisting in theatre after the last two workshops. Conclusion: We show that a simulation workshop cannot only objectively quantify the improvement of surgical skill acquisition but can also be beneficial regardless of the extent of prior experience.
Solid angle subtended by a cylindrical detector at a point source in terms of elliptic integrals
Creators: name: Prata, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The solid angle subtended by a right circular cylinder at a point source located at an arbitrary position generally consists of a sum of two terms: that defined by the cylindrical surface ($Ω_{cyl}$) and the other by either of the end circles ($Ω_{circ}$). We derive an expression for $Ω_{cyl}$ in terms of elliptic integrals of the first and third kinds and give similar expressions for $Ω_{circ}$ using integrals of the first and second kinds. These latter can be used alternatively to an expression also in terms of elliptic integrals, due to Philip A. Macklin and included as a footnote in Masket (Rev. Sci. Instr., 28 (3), 191-197, 1957). The solid angle subtended by the whole cylinder when the source is located at an arbitrary location can then be calculated using elliptic integrals.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, LaTex. Typos corrected. References added. Accepted in Rad. Phys. Chem
ERICC Technical Brief _ Diversity and Fragmentation of Myanmar Education: Schooling Shaped by Protracted Conflict and Crisis
Creators: name: ERICC Consortium
name: Rinehart, Gray
name: Pherali, Tejendra
name: Chase, Elaine
name: Zaw, Htet Thiha
name: Naing, Thein
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 390201
subject: Education policy

description: This technical brief highlights key findings from a detailed report of a rigorous review of the existing body of research in education in the conflict-affected context of Myanmar: Diversity and Fragmentation of Myanmar Education: Schooling Shaped by Protracted Conflict and Crisis (Rinehart et al, 2024). Myanmar’s history since its independence in 1948 has been characterised predominantly by political instability and violent internal conflicts involving ethnic armed organisations (EAOs) and the Myanmar military. As a result of the 2021 coup, 98% of Myanmar children, including approximately 11.4 million school-aged children, are affected by the ongoing crisis. Over 3.5 million are out-of-school and 6.5 million are experiencing learning deprivation despite attending school (Valenza and Stoff, 2023). Schools have been caught in the conflicts between armed resistance actors and the State Administration Council (SAC) military junta. Moreover, educational provisions have become heavily politicised, often used to serve the ideologies and political visions of different armed groups, making education a victim of political controversies as well as the ongoing violence. There is an urgent need for a robust evidence base to help education providers – and those that support them – navigate the barriers to education and mitigate disruptions to teaching and learning amid ongoing violence. This review draws upon relevant studies conducted since 2000 as well as complementary findings from journalistic writing and key informant interviews conducted in 2024. It organises, describes and analyses the current evidence base for education in Myanmar and identifies evidence gaps for future research. It looks primarily at three educational settings affected by conflict and crisis contexts: non-state ethnic minority education provided by various actors in areas contested by or under the control of different EAOs, operating in parallel to the central state education system;  refugee education provided in the nine refugee camps on the Thailand side of Myanmar’s border, overseen by two ethnic minority refugee committees (Karen and Karenni); and  migrant education in Thailand’s Tak Province, consisting of over 60 learning centres for