cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Shape coexistence from lifetime and branching-ratio measurements in 68,70Ni
Creators: name: Carpenter, M.P.
name: Crider, B.P.
name: Janssens, R.V.F.
name: Suchyta, S.
name: Walters, W.B.
name: Carroll, J.J.
name: David, H.M.
name: Chen, J.
name: Dombos, A.C.
name: Lauritsen, T.
name: Zhu, S.
name: Recchia, F.
name: Lewis, R.
name: Chiara, C.J.
name: Go, S.
name: Prokop, C.J.
name: Al-Shudifat, M.
name: Spyrou, A.
name: Quinn, S.J.
name: Grzywacz, R.
name: Liddick, S.N.
name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
name: Harker, J.
name: Larson, N.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2016

description: Shape coexistence near closed-shell nuclei, whereby states associated with deformed shapes appear at relatively low excitation energy alongside spherical ones, is indicative of the rapid change in structure that can occur with the addition or removal of a few protons or neutrons. Near 68Ni (Z=28, N=40), the identification of shape coexistence hinges on hitherto undetermined transition rates to and from low-energy 0+ states. In 68,70Ni, new lifetimes and branching ratios have been measured. These data enable quantitative descriptions of the 0+ states through the deduced transition rates and serve as sensitive probes for characterizing their nuclear wave functions. The results are compared to, and consistent with, large-scale shell-model calculations which predict shape coexistence. With the firm identification of this phenomenon near 68Ni, shape coexistence is now observed in all currently accessible regions of the nuclear chart with closed proton shells and mid-shell neutrons.
Ensuring the Reliable Operation of the Power Grid: State-Based and Distributed Approaches to Scheduling Energy and Contingency Reserves
Creators: name: Prada, Jose Fernando
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 99999 Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: Keeping a contingency reserve in power systems is necessary to preserve the security of real-time operations. This work studies two different approaches to the optimal allocation of energy and reserves in the day-ahead generation scheduling process. Part I presents a stochastic security-constrained unit commitment model to co-optimize energy and the locational reserves required to respond to a set of uncertain generation contingencies, using a novel state-based formulation. The model is applied in an offer-based electricity market to allocate contingency reserves throughout the power grid, in order to comply with the N-1 security criterion under transmission congestion. The objective is to minimize expected dispatch and reserve costs, together with post contingency corrective redispatch costs, modeling the probability of generation failure and associated post contingency states. The characteristics of the scheduling problem are exploited to formulate a computationally efficient method, consistent with established operational practices. We simulated the distribution of locational contingency reserves on the IEEE RTS96 system and compared the results with the conventional deterministic method. We found that assigning locational spinning reserves can guarantee an N-1 secure dispatch accounting for transmission congestion at a reasonable extra cost. The simulations also showed little value of allocating downward reserves but sizable operating savings from co-optimizing locational nonspinning reserves. Overall, the results indicate the computational tractability of the proposed method. Part II presents a distributed generation scheduling model to optimally allocate energy and spinning reserves among competing generators in a day-ahead market. The model is based on the coordination between individual generators and a market entity. The proposed method uses forecasting, augmented pricing and locational signals to induce efficient commitment of generators based on firm posted prices. It is price-based but does not rely on multiple iterations, minimizes information exchange and simplifies the market clearing process. Simulations of the distributed method performed on a six-bus test system showed that, using an appropriate set of prices, it is possible to emulate the results of a conventional centralized solution, without need of providing make-whole payments to generators. Likewise, they showed that the distributed method can accommodate transactions with different products and complex security constraints.
Q-ball stress stability criterion in the $U(1)$ gauged scalar theories
Creators: name: Loiko, Victor
name: Shnir, Yakov
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the canonical energy-momentum tensor of the spherically symmetric $U(1)$ gauged Q-ball configurations in the two-component Fridberg-Lee-Sirlin-Maxwell model, and in the one-component scalar model with a sixtic potential. We evaluate the distributions of the corresponding shear forces and pressure and study the stability criteria for these solutions. It is shown that the electrostatic repulsion may destabilize the $U(1)$ gauged Q-balls. However, in the limiting case of the Fridberg-Lee-Sirlin-Maxwell model with a long ranged real scalar component, the gauged Q-balls always remain stable.
description: 15 pages, 8 fugures, Added new sets of figures, clarifying comments and references. Matches version accepted for publication in PRD
Decision Diagram Relaxations for Integer Programming
Creators: name: Tjandraatmadja, Christian
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Mixed-integer programming (MIP) is often a practitioner’s primary approach when tackling hard discrete optimization problems. This important role was enabled by decades of theory and practical experience poured into modern MIP solvers. However, many problems are still challenging for MIP solvers, which motivates the need for novel perspectives to enhance MIP technology. In this dissertation, we explore the use of relaxed decision diagrams to improve MIP solvers. Relaxed decision diagrams are graph structures that encode relaxations of discrete optimization problems. One of their many uses in optimization is to generate bounds on the optimal value, which are strong in practice in the presence of certain types of structure. However, exporting decision diagram techniques to integer programming can be challenging due to the lack of clear structure to exploit. A first step is to develop methods to construct good relaxed decision diagrams from integer programming models. We propose a framework that focuses on a substructure of the problem and incorporates remaining constraints via Lagrangian relaxation and constraint propagation. In particular, we explore the use of a prevalent substructure in MIP solvers known as the conflict graph. Computational experiments indicate that they yield strong bounds under this framework. Once we understand how to build good relaxed decision diagrams, the next question is how to apply them in the context of a MIP solver. A MIP solver has several components, which include presolve, cutting planes, primal heuristics, and branch-and-bound. We show how relaxed decision diagrams can aid each of these components throughout the subsequent chapters. In particular, we view decision diagrams from a polyhedral perspective in order to generate cutting planes. Through a connection between decision diagrams and polarity, we develop an algorithm that generates cuts that are facet-defining for the convex hull of a decision diagram relaxation. We provide computational evidence that this algorithm generates strong cuts for structured problems. Finally, we investigate a broader integration of decision diagrams into MIP solvers. First, we show how relaxed decision diagrams can be used for bound and coefficient strengthening in the presolve step of a MIP solver. Second, we investigate the effect of applying cuts from decision diagrams throughout a branch-and-bound tree. Third, we generate both primal and dual bounds from decision diagrams to improve pruning within a branch-and-bound tree, which can result in significant improvements in solving time.
Large Extra Dimensions and neutrino experiments
Creators: name: Forero, D. V.
name: Giunti, C.
name: Ternes, C. A.
name: Tyagi, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of Large Extra Dimensions can be probed in various neutrino experiments. We analyze several neutrino data sets in a model with a dominant large extra dimension. We show that the Gallium anomaly can be explained with neutrino oscillations induced by the large extra dimension, but the region of parameter space which is preferred by the Gallium anomaly is in tension with the bounds from reactor rate data, as well as the data of Daya Bay and MINOS. We also present bounds obtained from the analysis of the KATRIN data. We show, that current experiments can put strong bounds on the size $R_{\text{ED}}$ of the extra dimension: $R_{\text{ED}} < 0.20~μ\text{m}$ and $R_{\text{ED}} < 0.10~μ\text{m}$ at 90\% C.L. for normal and inverted ordering of the standard neutrino masses, respectively.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures
The Gaia-ESO Survey: Kinematics of seven Galactic globular clusters
Creators: name: Lardo, C.
name: Pancino, E.
name: Bellazzini, M.
name: Bragaglia, A.
name: Donati, P.
name: Gilmore, G.
name: Randich, S.
name: Feltzing, S.
name: Jeffries, R. D.
name: Vallenari, A.
name: Alfaro, E. J.
name: Prieto, C. Allende
name: Flaccomio, E.
name: Koposov, S. E.
name: Recio-Blanco, A.
name: Bergemann, M.
name: Carraro, G.
name: Costado, M. T.
name: Damiani, F.
name: Hourihane, A.
name: Jofre, P.
name: de Laverny, P.
name: Marconi, G.
name: Masseron, T.
name: Morbidelli, L.
name: Sacco, G. G.
name: Worley, C. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Gaia-ESO survey is a large public spectroscopic survey aimed at investigating the origin and formation history of our Galaxy by collecting spectroscopy of representative samples (about 10^5 Milky Way stars) of all Galactic stellar populations, in the field and in clusters. The survey uses globular clusters as intra- and inter-survey calibrators, deriving stellar atmospheric parameters and abundances of a significant number of stars in clusters, along with radial velocity determinations. We used precise radial velocities of a large number of stars in seven globular clusters (NGC 1851, NGC 2808, NGC 4372, NGC 4833, NGC 5927, NGC 6752, and NGC 7078) to validate pipeline results and to preliminarily investigate the cluster internal kinematics. Radial velocity measurements were extracted from FLAMES/GIRAFFE spectra processed by the survey pipeline as part of the second internal data release of data products to ESO. We complemented our sample with ESO archival data obtained with different instrument configurations. Reliable radial velocity measurements for 1513 bona fide cluster star members were obtained in total. We measured systemic rotation, estimated central velocity dispersions, and present velocity dispersion profiles of all the selected clusters, providing the first velocity dispersion curve and the first estimate of the central velocity dispersion for the cluster NGC~5927. Finally, we explore the possible link between cluster kinematics and other physical parameters. The analysis we present here demonstrates that Gaia-ESO survey data are sufficiently accurate to be used in studies of kinematics of stellar systems and stellar populations in the Milky Way.
description: 10 pages, 5 tables, 18 figures. Accepted to A&A
Design, Fabrication and Characterization of an Autonomous, Sub-millimeter Scale Modular Robot
Creators: name: Karagozler, Mustafa Emre
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Engineering
subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A 1mm diameter, cylindrical, autonomous, modular robot has been designed: its manufacturing and assembly techniques have been developed; and its operation has been demonstrated. The robot, called a catom, is the first step toward realizing the basic unit of Claytronics, a modular robotic system designed to scale to millions of units.
Additional file 1 of Plastics shape the black soldier fly larvae gut microbiome and select for biodegrading functions
Creators: name: De Filippis, Francesca
name: Bonelli, Marco
name: Bruno, Daniele
name: Sequino, Giuseppina
name: Montali, Aurora
name: Reguzzoni, Marcella
name: Pasolli, Edoardo
name: Savy, Davide
name: Cangemi, Silvana
name: Cozzolino, Vincenza
name: Tettamanti, Gianluca
name: Ercolini, Danilo
name: Casartelli, Morena
name: Caccia, Silvia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Growth and development of BSF larvae reared on different substrates, Figure S2. SEM analysis, Figure S3. Heatplot of sample clustering based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Figure S4. Alpha-diversity indices of midgut microbiome, Figure S5. 1H NMR spectra, Figure S6. Relative abundance of known and unknown SGB.
Conditions for global minimum in the A4 symmetric 3HDM
Creators: name: Carrolo, Sergio
name: Romao, Jorge C.
name: Silva, Joao P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There has been a great interest in three Higgs doublet models (3HDM) symmetric under an exact A4 symmetry. We provide the complete analytic necessary and sufficient conditions for a point to be the global minimum along the neutral directions in such models, discussing many of the subtleties involved. We also present a number of numerical examples, to highlight those issues. We then turn to the directions which break electric charge, presenting a safe analytical sufficient condition for bounded from below (BFB) potentials. Based on extensive numerical simulations, we discuss one conjecture on BFB along charge breaking directions.
description: Latex, 18 pages
Shape coexistence and the role of axial asymmetry in 72Ge
Creators: name: Richard, A.
name: Lauritsen, T.
name: Allmond, J.M.
name: Seweryniak, D.
name: Hoffman, C.R.
name: Janssens, R.V.F.
name: Zhu, S.
name: Wu, C.Y.
name: Almaraz-Calderon, S.
name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
name: Wiens, A.
name: Carpenter, M.P.
name: Harker, J.
name: Bucher, B.
name: Kay, B.P.
name: Macchiavelli, A.O.
name: Cline, D.
name: Chiara, C.J.
name: David, H.M.
name: Kolos, K.
name: Albers, M.
name: Hayes, A.B.
name: Wood, J.L.
name: Crawford, H.L.
name: Korichi, A.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2016

description: The quadrupole collectivity of low-lying states and the anomalous behavior of the 02+ and 23+ levels in 72Ge are investigated via projectile multi-step Coulomb excitation with GRETINA and CHICO-2. A total of forty six E2 and M1 matrix elements connecting fourteen low-lying levels were determined using the least-squares search code, gosia. Evidence for triaxiality and shape coexistence, based on the model-independent shape invariants deduced from the Kumar-Cline sum rule, is presented. These are interpreted using a simple two-state mixing model as well as multi-state mixing calculations carried out within the framework of the triaxial rotor model. The results represent a significant milestone towards the understanding of the unusual structure of this nucleus.
Pre-acceleration in the Electron Foreshock II: Oblique Whistler Waves
Creators: name: Morris, Paul J.
name: Bohdan, Artem
name: Weidl, Martin S.
name: Tsirou, Michelle
name: Fulat, Karol
name: Pohl, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal electrons have gyroradii many orders of magnitude smaller than the finite width of a shock, thus need to be pre-accelerated before they can cross it and be accelerated by diffusive shock acceleration. One region where pre-acceleration may occur is the inner foreshock, which upstream electrons must pass through before any potential downstream crossing. In this paper, we perform a large scale particle-in-cell simulation that generates a single shock with parameters motivated from supernova remnants. Within the foreshock, reflected electrons excite the oblique whistler instability and produce electromagnetic whistler waves, which co-move with the upstream flow and as non-linear structures eventually reach radii of up to 5 ion-gyroradii. We show that the inner electromagnetic configuration of the whistlers evolves into complex non-linear structures bound by a strong magnetic field around 4 times the upstream value. Although these non-linear structures do not in general interact with co-spatial upstream electrons, they resonate with electrons that have been reflected at the shock. We show that they can scatter, or even trap, reflected electrons, confining around $0.8\%$ of the total upstream electron population to the region close to the shock where they can undergo substantial pre-acceleration. This acceleration process is similar to, yet approximately 3 times more efficient than, stochastic shock drift acceleration.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Some recent developments in quantization of fractal measures
Creators: name: Kesseböhmer, Marc
name: Zhu, Sanguo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A75, 28A80, 94A15

description: We give an overview on the quantization problem for fractal measures, including some related results and methods which have been developed in the last decades. Based on the work of Graf and Luschgy, we propose a three-step procedure to estimate the quantization errors. We survey some recent progress, which makes use of this procedure, including the quantization for self-affine measures, Markov-type measures on graph-directed fractals, and product measures on multiscale Moran sets. Several open problems are mentioned.
description: 13 pages
Algebraic and machine learning approach to hierarchical triple-star stability
Creators: name: Vynatheya, Pavan
name: Hamers, Adrian S.
name: Mardling, Rosemary A.
name: Bellinger, Earl P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present two approaches to determine the dynamical stability of a hierarchical triple-star system. The first is an improvement on the Mardling-Aarseth stability formula from 2001, where we introduce a dependence on inner orbital eccentricity and improve the dependence on mutual orbital inclination. The second involves a machine learning approach, where we use a multilayer perceptron (MLP) to classify triple-star systems as `stable' and `unstable'. To achieve this, we generate a large training data set of 10^6 hierarchical triples using the N-body code MSTAR. Both our approaches perform better than previous stability criteria, with the MLP model performing the best. The improved stability formula and the machine learning model have overall classification accuracies of 93 % and 95 % respectively. Our MLP model, which accurately predicts the stability of any hierarchical triple-star system within the parameter ranges studied with almost no computation required, is publicly available on Github in the form of an easy-to-use Python script.
description: Accepted for publication by MNRAS
Safety Filtering for Reinforcement Learning-based Adaptive Cruise Control
Creators: name: Hailemichael, Habtamu
name: Ayalew, Beshah
name: Kerbel, Lindsey
name: Ivanco, Andrej
name: Loiselle, Keith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Reinforcement learning (RL)-based adaptive cruise control systems (ACC) that learn and adapt to road, traffic and vehicle conditions are attractive for enhancing vehicle energy efficiency and traffic flow. However, the application of RL in safety critical systems such as ACC requires strong safety guarantees which are difficult to achieve with learning agents that have a fundamental need to explore. In this paper, we derive control barrier functions as safety filters that allow an RL-based ACC controller to explore freely within a collision safe set. Specifically, we derive control barrier functions for high relative degree nonlinear systems to take into account inertia effects relevant to commercial vehicles. We also outline an algorithm for accommodating actuation saturation with these barrier functions. While any RL algorithm can be used as the performance ACC controller together with these filters, we implement the Maximum A Posteriori Policy Optimization (MPO) algorithm with a hybrid action space that learns fuel optimal gear selection and torque control policies. The safety filtering RL approach is contrasted with a reward shaping RL approach that only learns to avoid collisions after sufficient training. Evaluations on different drive cycles demonstrate significant improvements in fuel economy with the proposed approach compared to baseline ACC algorithms.
Support Recovery with Orthogonal Matching Pursuit in the Presence of Noise: A New Analysis
Creators: name: Wang, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Support recovery of sparse signals from compressed linear measurements is a fundamental problem in compressed sensing (CS). In this paper, we study the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm for the recovery of support under noise. We consider two signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) settings: i) the SNR depends on the sparsity level $K$ of input signals, and ii) the SNR is an absolute constant independent of $K$. For the first setting, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the exact support recovery with OMP, expressed as lower bounds on the SNR. Our results indicate that in order to ensure the exact support recovery of all $K$-sparse signals with the OMP algorithm, the SNR must at least scale linearly with the sparsity level $K$. In the second setting, since the necessary condition on the SNR is not fulfilled, the exact support recovery with OMP is impossible. However, our analysis shows that recovery with an arbitrarily small but constant fraction of errors is possible with the OMP algorithm. This result may be useful for some practical applications where obtaining some large fraction of support positions is adequate.
description: 13 pages
Direct Evidence of Octupole Deformation in Neutron-Rich Ba 144
Creators: name: Seweryniak, D.
name: Crawford, H.L.
name: Campbell, C.M.
name: Richard, A.
name: Gregor, E.T.
name: Vondrasek, R.
name: Korichi, A.
name: Carpenter, M.P.
name: Albers, M.
name: Wu, C.Y.
name: Kay, B.P.
name: Savard, G.
name: Hoffman, C.R.
name: Dickerson, C.
name: Chiara, C.J.
name: Pardo, R.C.
name: Janssens, R.V.F.
name: Bucher, B.
name: Riley, M.A.
name: Macchiavelli, A.O.
name: David, H.M.
name: Butler, P.A.
name: Cline, D.
name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
name: Scheck, M.
name: Harker, J.
name: Wiens, A.
name: Cromaz, M.
name: Lauritsen, T.
name: Smith, M.K.
name: Clark, J.A.
name: Hayes, A.B.
name: Zhu, S.
name: Kondev, F.G.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2016

description: The neutron-rich nucleus Ba144 (t1/2=11.5 s) is expected to exhibit some of the strongest octupole correlations among nuclei with mass numbers A less than 200. Until now, indirect evidence for such strong correlations has been inferred from observations such as enhanced E1 transitions and interleaving positive- and negative-parity levels in the ground-state band. In this experiment, the octupole strength was measured directly by sub-barrier, multistep Coulomb excitation of a post-accelerated 650-MeV Ba144 beam on a 1.0-mg/cm2 Pb208 target. The measured value of the matrix element, 31-M(E3)01+ ©=0.65(+17-23) eb3/2, corresponds to a reduced B(E3) transition probability of 48(+25-34) W.u. This result represents an unambiguous determination of the octupole collectivity, is larger than any available theoretical prediction, and is consistent with octupole deformation.
Effects of Heat Treatments and Compositional Modification on Carbide Network and Matrix Microstructure in Ultrahigh Carbon Steels
Creators: name: Hecht, Matthew David
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Materials engineering

description: This dissertation investigates microstructure/property relations in ultrahigh carbon steel (UHCS) with the aim of improving toughness while retaining high hardness. Due to high C contents (ranging from 1 to 2 wt%), UHCS exhibit high strength, hardness, and wear resistance. Despite this, applications for UHCS are currently limited because they typically contain a continuous network of proeutectoid cementite that greatly reduces ductility and toughness. In previous research, thermomechanic processing had seen considerable success in breaking up the network. However, the processing is difficult and has thus far seen very limited industrial application. Chemical modification of the steel composition has also seen some success in network break-up, but is still not well understood. There have been relatively few fundamental studies of microstructure evolution in UHCS; studies in the literature typically focused on lower C steels (up to 1 wt% C) or on cast irons (>2.1 wt% C). Thus, this work was undertaken to gain a better understanding of microstructural changes that occur during heat treatment and/or chemical modification of UHCS with a focus on the distribution of proeutectoid cementite within the microstructure. This dissertation is composed of eight chapters. The first chapter presents an introduction to phases found in UHCS, descriptions of research materials used in each chapter, and the hypotheses and objectives guiding the work. The second chapter describes a study of the microstructure found in a 2C-4Cr UHCS before and after an industrial-scale austenitizating heat treatment that increased hardness and toughness and also produced discrete carbide particles in the matrix. The third chapter establishes and demonstrates a metric for measuring connectivity in carbide networks. The fourth chapter describes a series of heat treatments designed to investigate kinetics of spheroidization and coarsening of carbide particles and denuded zones near cementite network branches in 2C-4Cr UHCS. The fifth chapter describes an additional series of heat treatments comparing coarsening kinetics in 2C-1Cr and 2C-4Cr UHCS. Lowering the Cr content caused clustering of cementite particles near grain boundaries, in contrast to the denuded zones observed in the higher Cr UHCS. The fifth chapter details four in situ confocal laser scanning microscopy heat treatments of 2C-4Cr UHCS. The seventh chapter investigates the effects of a 2wt% Nb addition on 2C-4Cr UHCS. The eighth and final chapter summarizes the findings of all the experiments of the previous chapters and revisits the objectives and conclusions.
Experimental study of the astrophysically important Na 23 (α,p) Mg 26 and Na 23 (α,n) Al 26 reactions
Creators: name: Nusair, O.
name: Rehm, K.E.
name: Pardo, R.C.
name: Talwar, R.
name: Santiago-Gonzalez, D.
name: Avila, M.L.
name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
name: Lai, J.
name: Dickerson, C.
name: Kay, B.P.
name: Hoffman, C.R.
name: Almaraz-Calderon, S.
name: Ugalde, C.
name: Jiang, C.L.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2016

description: The Na23(α,p)Mg26 and Na23(α,n)Al26 reactions are important for our understanding of the Al26 abundance in massive stars. The aim of this work is to report on a direct and simultaneous measurement of these astrophysically important reactions using an active target system. The reactions were investigated in inverse kinematics using He4 as the active target gas in the detector. We measured the excitation functions in the energy range of about 2 to 6 MeV in the center of mass. We have found that the cross sections of the Na23(α,p)Mg26 and the Na23(α,n)Al26 reactions are in good agreement with previous experiments and with statistical-model calculations. The astrophysical reaction rate of the Na23(α,n)Al26 reaction has been reevaluated and it was found to be larger than the recommended rate.
A Brief Comparison Between Available Bio-printing Methods
Creators: name: Bakhshinejad, Ali
name: D'Souza, Roshan M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scarcity of organs for transplant has led to large waiting lists of very sick patients. In drug development, the time required for human trials greatly increases the time to market. Drug companies are searching for alternative environments where the in-vivo conditions can be closely replicated. Both these problems could be addressed by manufacturing artificial human tissue. Recently, researchers in tissue engineering have developed tissue generation methods based on 3-D printing to fabricate artificial human tissue. Broadly, these methods could be classified as laser-assisted and laser free. The former have very fine spatial resolutions (10s of $μ$m) but suffer from slow speed ( $< 10^2$ drops per second). The later have lower spatial resolutions (100s of $μ$ m) but are very fast (up to $5\times 10^3$ drops per second). In this paper we review state-of-the-art methods in each of these classes and provide a comparison based on reported resolution, printing speed, cell density and cell viability.
Elasticity of Lipid Membrane Leaflets: Determining Pivotal Plane and Tilt Modulus in Computer Simulations
Creators: name: Wang, Xin
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 20399 Classical Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This thesis introduces a novel protocol to measure two elastic quantities of lipid membranes, the pivotal plane of a single leaflet and the lipid tilt modulus. The key setup relies on the simulation of a buckled membrane, a configuration that had been previously proposed to measure a membrane's bending rigidity. Since this method solely depends on the geometrical analysis of the membrane shape, and can hence even be applied to existing simulation trajectories of buckled membranes, it can provide two additional physical quantities at no extra simulation cost. Due to the high precision of its result, many technical subtleties are considered throughout the derivation, pertaining for instance to higher order corrections due to Poisson ratio effects. This calculation, as shown in this thesis, can be used to provide both a reference for other study as well as deeper insight into the nature of lipid models, especially the limitation of the coarse-grained ones.
title: Conversaciones. apuntes sobre el sistema del arte contemporáneo en Costa Rica. 2008-2016
Creators: name: Rodríguez-Mateo, Juan Ramón
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2023

description:

La Costa Rica è stata, nel campo dell’arte contemporanea, un importante polo d’attrazione e di diffusione nel corso dei 15 anni di transizione fra il secolo XX e il XXI. Questa proiezione regionale ed internazionale, di artisti e curatori, sembra aver subito un rallentamento contestualmente con lo spostamento del centro di attenzione verso il Panama o il Guatemala. Il presente elaborato raccoglie una serie di dialoghi con artisti e curatori e altri protagonisti del sistema delle arti nei quali si riflette sulla situazione dell’arte sviluppato durante il periodo fra gli anni 2008-2016. Questa ricerca non si propone di eseguire un’analisi stilistica né un bilancio critico, ma vuol essere una valutazione storiografica relativa a un periodo circoscritto attraverso le voci dei protagonisti stessi.
Polymers in disordered environments
Creators: name: Blavatska, V.
name: Fricke, N.
name: Janke, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A brief review of our recent studies aiming at a better understanding of the scaling behaviour of polymers in disordered environments is given. The main emphasis is on a simple generic model where the polymers are represented by (interacting) self-avoiding walks and the disordered environment by critical percolation clusters. The scaling behaviour of the number of conformations and their average spatial extent as a function of the number of monomers and the associated critical exponents $γ$ and $ν$ are examined with two complementary approaches: numerical chain-growth computer simulations using the PERM algorithm and complete enumerations of all possible polymer conformations employing a recently developed very efficient exact counting method.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Safe Reinforcement Learning for an Energy-Efficient Driver Assistance System
Creators: name: Hailemichael, Habtamu
name: Ayalew, Beshah
name: Kerbel, Lindsey
name: Ivanco, Andrej
name: Loiselle, Keith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Reinforcement learning (RL)-based driver assistance systems seek to improve fuel consumption via continual improvement of powertrain control actions considering experiential data from the field. However, the need to explore diverse experiences in order to learn optimal policies often limits the application of RL techniques in safety-critical systems like vehicle control. In this paper, an exponential control barrier function (ECBF) is derived and utilized to filter unsafe actions proposed by an RL-based driver assistance system. The RL agent freely explores and optimizes the performance objectives while unsafe actions are projected to the closest actions in the safe domain. The reward is structured so that driver's acceleration requests are met in a manner that boosts fuel economy and doesn't compromise comfort. The optimal gear and traction torque control actions that maximize the cumulative reward are computed via the Maximum a Posteriori Policy Optimization (MPO) algorithm configured for a hybrid action space. The proposed safe-RL scheme is trained and evaluated in car following scenarios where it is shown that it effectively avoids collision both during training and evaluation while delivering on the expected fuel economy improvements for the driver assistance system.
Additional file 2 of Current evidence for designing self-management support for underserved populations: an integrative review using the example of diabetes
Creators: name: Litchfield, Ian
name: Barrett, Tim
name: Hamilton-Shield, Julian
name: Moore, Theresa
name: Narendran, Parth
name: Redwood, Sabi
name: Searle, Aidan
name: Uday, Suma
name: Wheeler, Jess
name: Greenfield, Sheila
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Supplementary Material 2
Triaxial-band structures, chirality, and magnetic rotation in la 133
Creators: name: Guo, S.
name: Kondev, F.G.
name: Chen, Q.B.
name: Nayak, B.K.
name: Ghugre, S.S.
name: Garg, U.
name: Petrache, C.M.
name: Palit, R.
name: Janssens, R.V.F.
name: Carpenter, M.P.
name: Matta, J.T.
name: Lauritsen, T.
name: Zhu, S.
name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
name: Seweryniak, D.
name: Patel, D.
name: Chiara, C.J.
name: Meng, J.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2016

description: The structure of La133 has been investigated using the Cd116(Ne22,4pn) reaction and the Gammasphere array. Three new bands of quadrupole transitions and one band of dipole transitions are identified and the previously reported level scheme is revised and extended to higher spins. The observed structures are discussed using the cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky formalism, covariant density functional theory, and the particle-rotor model. Triaxial configurations are assigned to all observed bands. For the high-spin bands it is found that rotations around different axes can occur, depending on the configuration. The orientation of the angular momenta of the core and of the active particles is investigated, suggesting chiral rotation for two nearly degenerate dipole bands and magnetic rotation for one dipole band. It is shown that the h11/2 neutron holes present in the configuration of the nearly degenerate dipole bands have significant angular momentum components not only along the long axis but also along the short axis, contributing to the balance of the angular momentum components along the short and long axes and thus giving rise to a chiral geometry.
Structure of the nucleus of 1928+738
Creators: name: Roland, J.
name: Britzen, S.
name: Kun, E.
name: Henri, G.
name: Lambert, S.
name: Zensus, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modeling of the trajectories of VLBI components ejected by the nucleus of 1928+738 shows the VLBI jet contains three families of trajectories, i.e. VLBI components are ejected from three different origins. The fit of components C1, C6 and C8 indicates that the nucleus of 1928+738 contains two binary black hole systems. The first binary black hole system is associated with the stationary components Cg and CS and is characterized by a radius $R_{bin,1} \approx 0.220$ mas; both black holes ejected VLBI components quasi regularly between 1990 and 2010. The second binary black hole system is not associated with stationary components and is characterized by a radius $R_{bin,2} \approx 0.140$ mas; it ejected only three VLBI components between 1994 and 1999. The two black hole sytems are separated by $\approx 1.35$ mas. We briefly discuss the consequences of the existence of binary black holes systems in radio quasars to make the link between radio quasars and GAIA.
description: 18 pages, 24 figures, submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1307.3700
Intensities of KCs $E(4)^1Σ^+\to (a^3Σ^+,X^1Σ^+)$ band system up to dissociation threshold: an interplay between spin-orbit, hyperfine and rovibronic coupling effects
Creators: name: Klincare, I.
name: Tamanis, M.
name: Ferber, R.
name: Pazyuk, E. A.
name: Stolyarov, A. V.
name: Havalyova, I.
name: Pashov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81V55, 81V45

description: The relative intensity distribution in the rotationally resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectra belonging to the $E(4)^1Σ^+\to (a^3Σ^+_1,X^1Σ^+)$ band systems of the KCs molecule was analyzed. The experimental intensities in doublet $P$,$R$ progressions assigned to spin-allowed $E\to X$ and spin-forbidden $E\to a$ transitions up to their common ground dissociation limit were described in the framework of a coupled-channels (CC) deperturbation model applied for the interacting \Xstate\ and \astate\ states. The CC intensity simulation was based solely on fixed electronic structure parameters as functions of the internuclear distance $R$, namely: accurate empirical potential energy curves for all three states, \emph{ab initio} estimates for matrix elements $A(R)$ of the hyperfine structure (HFS) , and transition dipole moments $d_{EX}(R)$ and $d_{Ea}(R)$. A comparison between the measured intensities and their theoretical counterparts demonstrates a strong competition between different intramolecular interactions. A weak spin-orbit coupling of the upper \Estate\ state with the remote $^3Π$ states is responsible for appearance of the $E\to a$ vibrational bands for the intermediate $v_a$-values. In turn, the HFS coupling between \Xstate\ and \astate\ states leads to peculiarities in $E\to (X,a)$ intensities, which are pronounced for high $v_{X/a}$-values in the vicinity of K(4$^2S$)+Cs(6$^2S$) dissociation threshold. Both adiabatic ro-vibrational and non-adiabatic electronic-rotational interactions explain the abrupt deviation of some observed $P/R$ intensity ratios from the expected Hönl-London factors.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Error Analysis of Near-Field High Energy Diffraction Microscopy
Creators: name: Menasche, David
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 20399 Classical Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among non-destructive characterization techniques able to probe the properties of bulk polycrystals, High Energy Diffraction Microscopy (HEDM) has become the method of choice for researchers seeking spatial resolution of grain orientations and strain states. From HEDM data collected in the near field, the forward modeling method (FMM) of reconstruction is capable of producing micro-scale resolution of the orientation field, despite complex grain morphologies and significant plastic strains. In this thesis, the accuracy of the FMM reconstruction is examined through direct comparison with an Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) measurement of a pure gold specimen. The sensitivity of the FMM reconstruction to its inputs is probed through a series of simulations. Given raw diffraction data collected under optimum experimental conditions, spatial resolution is found to be accurate to within intrinsic limits set by the experimental equipment. Resolution of reconstructed crystallographic orientations is found to be <0:05o. Input parameters most likely to cause reconstruction errors are identified, and a novel method is proposed to determine proper values for experimental inputs. Two case studies are also presented.
A lensed radio jet at milli-arcsecond resolution I: Bayesian comparison of parametric lens models
Creators: name: Powell, Devon M.
name: Vegetti, Simona
name: McKean, J. P.
name: Spingola, Cristiana
name: Stacey, Hannah R.
name: Fassnacht, Christopher D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the mass structure of a strong gravitational lens galaxy at $z=0.350$, taking advantage of the milli-arcsecond (mas) angular resolution of very long baseline interferometric (VLBI) observations. In the first analysis of its kind at this resolution, we jointly infer the lens model parameters and pixellated radio source surface brightness. We consider several lens models of increasing complexity, starting from an elliptical power-law density profile. We extend this model to include angular multipole structures, a separate stellar mass component, additional nearby field galaxies, and/or a generic external potential. We compare these models using their relative Bayesian log-evidence (Bayes factor). We find strong evidence for angular structure in the lens; our best model is comprised of a power-law profile plus multipole perturbations and external potential, with a Bayes factor of $+14984$ relative to the elliptical power-law model. It is noteworthy that the elliptical power-law mass distribution is a remarkably good fit on its own, with additional model complexity correcting the deflection angles only at the $\sim5$ mas level. We also consider the effects of added complexity in the lens model on time-delay cosmography and flux-ratio analyses. We find that an overly simplistic power-law ellipsoid lens model can bias the measurement of $H_0$ by $\sim3$ per cent and mimic flux ratio anomalies of $\sim8$ per cent. Our results demonstrate the power of high-resolution VLBI observations to provide strong constraints on the inner density profiles of lens galaxies.
description: 24 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables. Accepted in MNRAS
Integrability and regularity of rational functions
Creators: name: Knese, Greg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26C, 47A57, 46C05, 32A40, 30C15

description: Motivated by recent work in the mathematics and engineering literature, we study integrability and non-tangential regularity on the two-torus for rational functions that are holomorphic on the bidisk. One way to study such rational functions is to fix the denominator and look at the ideal of polynomials in the numerator such that the rational function is square integrable. A concrete list of generators is given for this ideal as well as a precise count of the dimension of the subspace of numerators with a specified bound on bidegree. The dimension count is accomplished by constructing a natural pair of commuting contractions on a finite dimensional Hilbert space and studying their joint generalized eigenspaces. Non-tangential regularity of rational functions on the polydisk is also studied. One result states that rational inner functions on the polydisk have non-tangential limits at every point of the n-torus. An algebraic characterization of higher non-tangential regularity is given. We also make some connections with the earlier material and prove that rational functions on the bidisk which are square integrable on the two-torus are non-tangentially bounded at every point. Several examples are provided.
description: 50 pages including several background sections, appendices, and examples
Anomalous circular phonon dichroism in transition metal dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Shan, Wen-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A magnetic field can generally induce circular phonon dichroism based on the formation of Landau levels of electrons. Here, we study the magnetization-induced circular phonon dichroism in transition metal dichalcogenides, without forming Landau levels. We find that, instead of the conventional deformation potential coupling, pseudogauge-type electron-phonon coupling plays an essential role in the emergence of the phenomenon. As a concrete example, a large dichroism signal is obtained in monolayer MoTe2 on a EuO substrate, even without considering Rashba spin-orbit coupling. Due to the two-dimensional spin-valley-coupled band structure, MoTe2 shows a reciprocal and nonreciprocal absorption of circularly polarized acoustic phonons upon reversing the direction of phonon propagation and magnetization, respectively. By varying the gate voltage, a tunable circular phonon dichroism can be realized, which paves a way toward different physics and applications of two-dimensional acoustoelectronics.
description: 6 pages,3 figures
Linear Collisionless Landau Damping in Hilbert Space
Creators: name: Zocco, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The equivalence between the Laplace transform [Landau L., J. Phys. USSR, 10 (1946), 25] and Hermite transform [Zocco and Schekochihin, Phys. Plasmas, 18, 102309 (2011)] solutions of the linear collisionless Landau damping problem is proven.