cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Combining Orthogonal Monolingual and Multilingual Sources of Evidence for All Words WSD
Creators: name: Guo, Weiwei
name: Diab, Mona
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Computer science

description: Word Sense Disambiguation remains one of the most complex problems facing computational linguists to date. In this paper we present a system that combines evidence from a monolingual WSD system together with that from a multilingual WSD system to yield state of the art performance on standard All-Words data sets. The monolingual system is based on a modiﬁcation of the graph based state of the art algorithm In-Degree. The multilingual system is an improvement over an AllWords unsupervised approach, SALAAM. SALAAM exploits multilingual evidence as a means of disambiguation. In this paper, we present modiﬁcations to both of the original approaches and then their combination. We ﬁnally report the highest results obtained to date on the SENSEVAL 2 standard data set using an unsupervised method, we achieve an overall F measure of 64.58 using a voting scheme.
Boltzmann equation for non-equilibrium particles and its application to non-thermal dark matter production
Creators: name: Hamaguchi, Koichi
name: Moroi, Takeo
name: Mukaida, Kyohei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a scalar field (called $ϕ$) which is very weakly coupled to thermal bath, and study the evolution of its number density. We use the Boltzmann equation derived from the Kadanoff-Baym equations, assuming that the degrees of freedom in the thermal bath are well described as "quasi-particles." When the widths of quasi-particles are negligible, the evolution of the number density of $ϕ$ is well governed by a simple Boltzmann equation, which contains production rates and distribution functions both evaluated with dispersion relations of quasi-particles with thermal masses. We pay particular attention to the case that dark matter is non-thermally produced by the decay of particles in thermal bath, to which the above mentioned formalism is applicable. When the effects of thermal bath are properly included, the relic abundance of dark matter may change by $O(10-100%)$ compared to the result without taking account of thermal effects.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures; v2: minor changes to reflect the published version
Analyse von Todesbescheinigungen im Einzugsgebiet des Gesundheitsamtes Chemnitz unter besonderer Berücksichtigung kardial bedingter Todesfälle
Creators: name: Illing, Heinrich Georg
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Die Leichenschau als der letzte Dienst des Arztes am Patienten ist in den letzten Jahren zunehmend in die Kritik geraten. Ziel war es anhand der Daten aus Chemnitz zu untersuchen, welchen Einfluss der Sterbeort, der leichenschauende Arzt, das Alter und Geschlecht der Verstorbenen auf die Kodierungsvollständigkeit und Kodierungsqualität der Todesursachen in den Todesbescheinigungen hat. Es wurden insgesamt 15.612 Todesbescheinigungen und 353 Obduktionsscheine des Gesundheitsamts Chemnitz aus den Sterbebuchjahren 2010-2013 ausgewertet. Die Auswertung erfolgte hierbei gemäß den formalen Kriterien des Deutschen Instituts für Medizinische Dokumentation und Information für das grundsätzliche Ausfüllen von Todesbescheinigungen. Die Obduktionsrate betrug 2,3%. Das Grundleiden wurde in 34,1% nicht dokumentiert. Hohes Alter und Sterben außerhalb des Krankenhauses sowie die Durchführung der Leichenschau durch einen ambulant tätigen Arzt, waren mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit einer ICD-10 Fehlkodierung assoziiert. Die Obduktion führt häufig zu einer Änderung des Grundleidens, weswegen die Obduktion eine wichtige Qualitätskontrolle der Todesursachenfeststellung bleibt.
description: Postmortem examination as the last service of physicians has been criticized recently. The aim of this project is to study the influence of placed of death, type of postmortem physician, age and sex of the dead body on the completeness and quality of ICD-10 coding of death certificates by physicians in Chemnitz, Germany. We reviewed 15.612 death certificates and 353 autopsy reports of the health office of Chemnitz for the years 2010-2013. The analysis accorded to the rules of German Institute of Medical Documentation and Information. The autopsy rate was 2,3%. The underlying condition was not documented in 34,1%. High age at death, dying out of hospitals, and postmortem examination done by physicians out of hospitals were associated with a higher probability of ICD-10 miscoding. Physicians have to be sensitized for the appropriate documentation of causes of death. The autopsy very frequently results in a change of the underlying cause of death and therefore remains an important quality control measure for the cause of death certification. ICD-10 coding of causes of death is not a primary task of physicians and should not be enforced law from physicians.
A 95 GHz Class I Methanol Maser Survey Toward A Sample of GLIMPSE Point Sources Associated with BGPS Clumps
Creators: name: Chen, Xi
name: Ellingsen, Simon P.
name: He, Jin-Hua
name: Xu, Ye
name: Gan, Cong-Gui
name: Shen, Zhi-Qiang
name: An, Tao
name: Sun, Yan
name: Ju, Bing-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a survey with the Purple Mountain Observatory (PMO) 13.7-m radio telescope for class I methanol masers from the 95 GHz (8_0 - 7_1 A^+) transition. The 214 target sources were selected by combining information from both the Spitzer GLIMPSE and 1.1 mm BGPS survey catalogs. The observed sources satisfy both the GLIMPSE mid-IR criteria of [3.6]-[4.5]>1.3, [3.6]-[5.8]>2.5, [3.6]-[8.0]>2.5 and 8.0 um magnitude less than 10, and also have an associated 1.1 mm BGPS source. Class I methanol maser emission was detected in 63 sources, corresponding to a detection rate of 29% for this survey. For the majority of detections (43), this is the first identification of a class I methanol maser associated with these sources. We show that the intensity of the class I methanol maser emission is not closely related to mid-IR intensity or the colors of the GLIMPSE point sources, however, it is closely correlated with properties (mass and beam-averaged column density) of the BGPS sources. Comparison of measures of star formation activity for the BGPS sources with and without class I methanol masers indicate that the sources with class I methanol masers usually have higher column density and larger flux density than those without them. Our results predict that the criteria log(S_{int})22.1, which utilizes both the integrated flux density (S_{int}) and beam-averaged column density (N_{H_{2}}^{beam}) of the BGPS sources, are very efficient for selecting sources likely to have an associated class I methanol maser. Our expectation is that searches using these criteria will detect 90% of the predicted number of class I methanol masers from the full BGPS catalog (~ 1000), and do so with a high detection efficiency (~75%).
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Supplement. 58 pages, 12 figures, 7 tables
Majorana Neutrino: Chirality and Helicity
Creators: name: Dvoeglazov, Valeriy V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the Majorana spinors in the momentum representation. They obey the Dirac-like equation with eight components, which has been first introduced by Markov. Thus, the Fock space for corresponding quantum fields is doubled (as shown by Ziino). The particular attention has been paid to the questions of chirality and helicity (two concepts which frequently are confused in the literature) for Dirac and Majorana states.
description: Misprints corrected. 19 pp., no figures. The talk given at the QTS7 Conference (Prague, Czech Republic, August 7-13, 2011)
Market Power in Electricity Markets
Creators: name: Chan, Erik
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Market Power
subject: Electricity Markets
subject: Stochastic Differential Equations
subject: Education--Mathematics

description: Electricity markets exhibit unique price dynamics not found elsewhere in other commodity markets. Characteristics such as limited storability, highly inelastic demand, and physical laws requiring continuous production to match consumption cause erratic price dynamics and short periods of extremely high prices known as spikes. We create a diffusion model under the assumption that a participating firm controls sufficient production capacity can significantly increase the spot price by bidding according to a strategy defined by a decision curve. We then extend Barlow's diffusion model to incorporate the decision curve and show results.
Simfinder: A flexible clustering tool for summarization
Creators: name: Hatzivassiloglou, Vasileios
name: Klavans, Judith L.
name: Holcombe, Melissa L.
name: Barzilay, Regina
name: Kan, Min-Yen
name: McKeown, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: We present a statistical similarity measuring and clustering tool, SIMFINDER, that organizes small pieces of text from one or multiple documents into tight clusters. By placing highly related text units in the same cluster, SIMFINDER enables a subsequent content selection/generation component to reduce each cluster to a single sentence, either by extraction or by reformulation. We report on improvements in the similarity and clustering components of SIMFINDER, including a quantitative evaluation, and establish the generality of the approach by interfacing SIMFINDER to two very different summarization systems.
Characterization and analysis of discontinuous subsidence associated with block cave mining using advanced numerical modelling and insar deformation monitoring
Creators: name: Woo, Kyuseok
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: While block caving presents an economic means to develop lower grade ore deposits, it often leads to significant ground deformations threatening the safety of overlying mine infrastructure. For guidance on relationships between caving depth and surface subsidence, a comprehensive cave mining database was developed and the database clearly shows caving-induced surface deformations tend to be discontinuous and asymmetric due to large movements around the cave being controlled by geologic structures, rock mass heterogeneity and topographic effects. Also shown is that as undercut depth increases, the magnitude and extent of the caved zone on surface decreases. Numerical modelling conducted in a benchmark study testing several different numerical methods (finite-element, distinct-element, FEM-DEM with brittle fracture and 3-D finite-difference) indicates this is only the case for macro deformations and the lateral extent of smaller strain deformations increases as a function of undercut depth, which indicates caution should be taken against relying on existing empirical design charts for estimates of caving-induced subsidence where small strain subsidence is of concern, as the empirical data does not properly extrapolate beyond the macro deformations. In addition,sophisticated 3-D numerical modelling was investigated as a means of predicting the extent and magnitudes of caving-induced surface subsidence. Results from a back analysis of the cave-pit interactions at the Palabora mine were used to constrain the rock mass properties and far-field in-situ stresses derived from field characterization data. The “best fit” set of input properties obtained was then used for forward modelling. Further calibration was performed using high-resolution InSAR monitoring data. The close fit achieved between the predictive 3-D numerical model and InSAR monitoring data demonstrates the significant value of InSAR calibrated 3-D numerical models.Collectively, the results of this research help to further the characterization, assessment and understanding of block-caving subsidence, by addressing existing limitations in the use of empirical and numerical subsidence analysis methods. The limitations and uncertainty arising from mine site data are described, specifically the representation of mine geology, rock mass properties, in-situ stresses and cave propagation, together with means to constrain these inputs and calibrate sophisticated 3-D numerical models through back analysis and integration with InSAR data.
Spline-Methoden für die modellbasierte 3D-Oberflächeninspektion
Creators: name: Enzberg, Nikolaus Sebastian Von
Publisher: name: Otto von Guericke University Library, Magdeburg, Germany
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Maschinelles Sehen
subject: 000 Informatik, Wissen, Systeme

description: Die 3D-Oberflächenforminspektion ist insbesondere für komplex geformte und verformbare Bauteile eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe. Dabei wird die Oberfläche auf kleinste lokale Verformungen wie z. B. Beulen und Dellen untersucht, die im mittleren Mikrometerbereich, und somit unterhalb von Bauteiltoleranzen und -verformungen, aber oberhalb der Oberflächenrauheit liegen. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt ein automatisches, modellbasiertes Oberflächeninspektionssystem, das auf einem photogrammetrischen Messsystem mit Musterprojektion aufbaut. Klassische Inspektionssysteme sind stark ingenieursmäßig motiviert und bedienen sich Methoden aus der Messtechnik und der digitalen Signalverarbeitung. Der Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit liegt im Einsatz von Methoden aus der Computergrafik, vornehmlich B-Spline-Oberflächenmodellen und maschinellen Lernverfahren, insbesondere autoassoziative künstliche neuronale Netze (Assoziativspeicher). Entlang der gesamten Verarbeitungskette werden neue Verfahren zur Verbesserung des Inspektionssystems vorgeschlagen: Ein hierarchischer Assoziativspeicher sowie ein splinebasierter Assoziativspeicher als Oberflächenmodell, ein spline-basiertes Registrierungsverfahren sowie eine Multi-Schwellen-Segmentierung.
description: 3D surface inspection of manufactured surfaces is a challenging task, especially for complexly shaped, non-rigid parts. Its purpose is the detection of local surface deformation in the medium micro-meter range, e. g. dents or bumps. The surface defects lie within part tolerances and deformation, but well above surface roughness. This thesis presents an automated model-based surface inspection system based on a photogrammetric measurement system using pattern projection. Conventional inspection systems are mostly motivated by electrical engineering disciplines as metrology and digital signal processing. This work focuses on the application of techniques borrowed from computer graphics, namely B-spline surface models, as well as machine learning, particularly auto-associative artificial neural networks (associative memory). Novel methods for improvement of the inspection system are proposed alongside the entire processing chain: A hierarchical associative memory as well as a spline-based associative memory as a surface model, a spline-based registration approach as well as a multithreshold segmentation algorithm.
Taste non-Goldstone, flavor-charged pseudo-Goldstone boson masses in staggered chiral perturbation theory
Creators: name: Bailey, Jon A.
name: Kim, Hyung-Jin
name: Lee, Weonjong
name: Collaboration, SWME
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the masses of taste non-Goldstone pions and kaons in staggered chiral perturbation theory through next-to-leading order in the standard power counting. The results can be used to quantitatively understand taste violations in existing lattice data generated with staggered fermions and to extract the $u$, $d$, and $s$ quark masses and Gasser-Leutwyler parameters from the experimentally observed spectrum. The expressions for the non-Goldstone masses contain low-energy couplings unique to the non-Goldstone sector. With two exceptions these enter as coefficients of analytic terms; all the new couplings can be fixed by performing spectrum calculations. We report one-loop results for the quenched case and the fully dynamical and partially quenched 1+1+1 and 2+1 flavor cases in the chiral SU(3) and SU(2) theories.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables, typos are fixed and references are updated
Correction to: Comparing methods to estimate incremental inpatient costs and length of stay due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Alberta, Canada
Creators: name: Kirwin, Erin
name: Varughese, Marie
name: Waldner, David
name: Simmonds, Kimberley
name: Joffe, A. M
name: Smith, Stephanie
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2019

description: In the original publication of this article [1], the authors want to add the following sentence in the Acknowledgement section
Biomixing by chemotaxis and efficiency of biological reactions: the critical reaction case
Creators: name: Kiselev, Alexander
name: Ryzhik, Lenya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K55, 76Z99, 92B05

description: Many phenomena in biology involve both reactions and chemotaxis. These processes can clearly influence each other, and chemotaxis can play an important role in sustaining and speeding up the reaction. In continuation of our earlier work, we consider a model with a single density function involving diffusion, advection, chemotaxis, and absorbing reaction. The model is motivated, in particular, by the studies of coral broadcast spawning, where experimental observations of the efficiency of fertilization rates significantly exceed the data obtained from numerical models that do not take chemotaxis (attraction of sperm gametes by a chemical secreted by egg gametes) into account. We consider the case of the weakly coupled quadratic reaction term, which is the most natural from the biological point of view and was left open. The result is that similarly to higher power coupling, the chemotaxis plays a crucial role in ensuring efficiency of reaction. However, mathematically, the picture is quite different in the quadratic reaction case and is more subtle. The reaction is now complete even in the absence of chemotaxis, but the timescales are very different. Without chemotaxis, the reaction is very slow, especially for the weak reaction coupling coefficient. With chemotaxis, the timescale and efficiency of reaction are independent of the coupling parameter.
description: 10 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1101.2440
Domain -independent detection, extraction, and labeling of Atomic Events
Creators: name: Hatzivassiloglou, Vasileios
name: Filatova, Elena
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: The notion of an “event ” has been widely used in the computational linguistics literature as well as in information retrieval and various NLP applications, although with significant variance in what exactly an event is. We describe an empirical study aimed at developing an operational definition of an event at the atomic (sentence or predicate) level, and use our observations to create a system for detecting and prioritizing the atomic events described in a collection of texts. We report results from testing our system on several sets of related texts, including human assessments of the system’s output and a comparison with information extraction techniques. We discuss how event detection at this level can be used for indexing, summarization, and question-answering.
WiSlow: A WiFi Network Performance Troubleshooting Tool for End Users
Creators: name: Kim, Kyung Hwa
name: Nam, Hyunwoo
name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Computer science

description: The increasing number of 802.11 APs and wireless devices results in more contention, which causes unsatisfactory WiFi network performance. In addition, non-WiFi devices sharing the same spectrum with 802.11 networks such as microwave ovens, cordless phones, and baby monitors severely interfere with WiFi networks. Although the problem sources can be easily removed in many cases, it is difficult for end users to identify the root cause. We introduce WiSlow, a software tool that diagnoses the root causes of poor WiFi performance with user-level network probes and leverages peer collaboration to identify the location of the causes. We elaborate on two main methods: packet loss analysis and 802.11 ACK pattern analysis.
The stellar metallicity distribution of disc galaxies and bulges in cosmological simulations
Creators: name: Calura, F.
name: Gibson, B. K.
name: Michel-Dansac, L.
name: Stinson, G. S.
name: Cignoni, M.
name: Dotter, A.
name: Pilkington, K.
name: House, E. L.
name: Brook, C. B.
name: Few, C. G.
name: Bailin, J.
name: Couchman, H. M. P.
name: Wadsley, J.
name: .
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By means of high-resolution cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of Milky Way-like disc galaxies, we conduct an analysis of the associated stellar metallicity distribution functions (MDFs). After undertaking a kinematic decomposition of each simulation into spheroid and disc sub-components, we compare the predicted MDFs to those observed in the solar neighbourhood and the Galactic bulge. The effects of the star formation density threshold are visible in the star formation histories, which show a modulation in their behaviour driven by the threshold. The derived MDFs show median metallicities lower by 0.2-0.3 dex than the MDF observed locally in the disc and in the Galactic bulge. Possible reasons for this apparent discrepancy include the use of low stellar yields and/or centrally-concentrated star formation. The dispersions are larger than the one of the observed MDF; this could be due to simulated discs being kinematically hotter relative to the Milky Way. The fraction of low metallicity stars is largely overestimated, visible from the more negatively skewed MDF with respect to the observational sample. For our fiducial Milky Way analog, we study the metallicity distribution of the stars born "in situ" relative to those formed via accretion (from disrupted satellites), and demonstrate that this low-metallicity tail to the MDF is populated primarily by accreted stars. Enhanced supernova and stellar radiation energy feedback to the surrounding interstellar media of these pre-disrupted satellites is suggested as an important regulator of the MDF skewness.
description: 20 pages, 14 figures, MNRAS, accepted
Text-Based Approaches for the Categorization of Images
Creators: name: Hatzivassiloglou, Vasileios
name: Sable, Carl L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: The rapid expansion of multimedia digital collections brings to the fore the need for classifying not only text documents but their embedded non-textual parts as well. We propose a model for basing classification of multimedia on broad, non-topical features, and show how information on targeted nearby pieces of text can be used to effectively classify photographs on a first such feature, distinguishing between indoor and outdoor images. We examine several variations to a TF*IDF-based approach for this task, empirically analyze their effects, and evaluate our system on a large collection of images from current news newsgroups. In addition, we investigate alternative classification and evaluation methods, and the effect that a secondary feature can have on indoor/outdoor classification. We obtain a classification accuracy of 82%, a number that clearly outperforms baseline estimates and competing image-based approaches and nears the accuracy of humans who perform the same task with access to comparable information.
Significant Incidents of Academic Misconduct in Canada 2010-2019 - Timeline Infographic
Creators: name: Eaton, Sarah Elaine
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2020
Subjects: academic integrity
academic misconduct
Canada
timeline
academic dishonesty

description: This timeline infographic highlights significant cases of academic misconduct in Canada from 2010 to 2019. All cases noted on the timeline were publicly disclosed by mainstream media sources. This is not a comprehensive list of cases, but rather shows major cases that occurred during that decade. For more information about this research, contact Sarah Elaine Eaton, Werklund School of Education.
KVM/ARM: Experiences Building the Linux ARM Hypervisor
Creators: name: Dall, Christoffer
name: Nieh, Jason
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Computer science

description: As ARM CPUs become increasingly common in mobile devices and servers, there is a growing demand for providing the benefits of virtualization for ARMbased devices. We present our experiences building the Linux ARM hypervisor, KVM/ARM, the first full system ARM virtualization solution that can run unmodified guest operating systems on ARM multicore hardware. KVM/ARM introduces split-mode virtualization, allowing a hypervisor to split its execution across CPU modes to take advantage of CPU mode-specific features. This allows KVM/ARM to leverage Linux kernel services and functionality to simplify hypervisor development and maintainability while utilizing recent ARM hardware virtualization extensions to run application workloads in guest operating systems with comparable performance to native execution. KVM/ARM has been successfully merged into the mainline Linux 3.9 kernel, ensuring that it will gain wide adoption as the virtualization platform of choice for ARM. We provide the first measurements on real hardware of a complete hypervisor using ARM hardware virtualization support. Our results demonstrate that KVM/ARM has modest virtualization performance and power costs, and can achieve lower performance and power costs compared to x86-based Linux virtualization on multicore hardware.
Depth-Sensing Indentation on REBa2Cu3O(7-δ) Single Crystals obtained from Xenotime Mineral
Creators: name: Serbena, Francisco Carlos
name: Foerster, Carlos Eugênio
name: Jurelo, Alcione Roberto
name: Mikowski, Alexandre
name: Júnior, Pedro Rodrigues
name: Carubelli, Célia Regina
name: Lepienski, Carlos Maurício
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A natural mixture of heavy rare earths oxides extracted from xenotime mineral have been used to prepare large single crystals of high-temperature REBa2Cu3O(7-δ) superconductor grown using the CuO-BaO self-flux method. Its mechanical properties along the ab-plane were characterized using instrumented indentation. Hardness and elastic modulus were obtained by the Oliver and Pharr method and corresponds to 7.4 \pm 0.2 GPa and in range 135-175 GPa at small depths, respectively. Increasing the load promotes the nucleation of lateral cracks that causes a decrease in hardness and the measured elastic modulus by instrumented indentation at higher loads. The indentation fracture toughness was estimated by measuring the radial crack length from cube-corner indentations at various loads and was 0.8 \pm 0.2 MPa.m1/2. The observed slip systems of REBa2Cu3O(7-δ) single crystals were [100](001) and [010](001), the same as for YBa2Cu3O(7-δ) single crystals. The initial stages of deformation and fracture in the indentation process were investigated. The hardness and elastic modulus were not strongly modified by the crystallographic orientation in the ab-plane. This was interpreted in terms of the resolved shear stresses in the active slip systems. Evidence of cracking along the {100} and {110} planes on the ab-plane was observed. As a conclusion, the mechanical properties of REBa2Cu3O(7-δ) single crystals prepared from xenotime are equivalent to those of YBa2Cu3O(7-δ) single crystals produced by conventional rare earths oxides.
description: The paper will appear in Volume 42 (2012) of the Brazilian Journal of Physics
The effects of landscape heterogeneity on arthropod communities in rice agro-ecosystems
Creators: name: Dominik, Christophe
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 577

description: Bewässerte Reisanbaugebiete gehören zu den biologisch vielfältigsten globalen Agrarökosystemen. Allerdings ist diese Biodiversität gefährdet durch landwirtschaftliche Intensivierung und monokultureller Verarmung von Anbauflächen, welche einen Abbau von Ökosystemleistungen, wie natürliche Schädlingsregulierung, nach sich ziehen. Während Nachweise zeigen, dass unehmende Heterogenität der Landschaft von Agrarökosystemen zur Erhöhung von Feindpopulationen und Verbesserung biologischer Kontrolle führen kann, ist wenig bekannt über Multiskalen-Effekte von Landschaftzusammensetzung und -konfiguration auf Arthropodengemeinschaften in Reis-Agrarökosystemen. In dieser Dissertation untersuchte ich den Einfluss von Landschaftsheterogenität auf die Verteilung von Athropoden in drei philippinischen Reisanbauregionen, um Empfehlungen für den Erhalt von Biodiversität und Verbesserung biologischer Kontrolle in Reis-Agrarökosystemen zu geben. In den verschiedenen Kapiteln der Dissertation, habe ich die Landschaftsheterogenität auf verschiedenen Skalen gemessen und deren Auswirkung auf die Arthropodendiversität (taxonomische und funktionelle Diversität) getestet.
description: Irrigated rice croplands are among the most biologically diverse agroecosystems globally. However, this biodiversity is threatened by agricultural intensification and homogenization of farmed areas, resulting in a degradation of ecosystem services such as natural pest regulation. While evidence exists that increasing landscape heterogeneity in some agroecosystems can enhance natural enemy populations and promote bio-control, little is known about the multi-scale effects of landscape composition and configuration on arthropod communities in rice agroecosystems. In this thesis, I examined the influence of landscape heterogeneity on the distribution of arthropods in three rice-production regions in the Philippines and derived practical recommendations to improve biodiversity and biological control in rice production systems. Through the different chapters of this thesis, I measured landscape heterogeneity at different levels of complexity and spatial scales, and tested its effect on different types of the arthropod biodiversity (taxonomic and functional diversity).
Constraining Very Heavy Dark Matter Using Diffuse Backgrounds of Neutrinos and Cascaded Gamma Rays
Creators: name: Murase, Kohta
name: Beacom, John F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider multi-messenger constraints on very heavy dark matter (VHDM) from recent Fermi gamma-ray and IceCube neutrino observations of isotropic background radiation. Fermi data on the diffuse gamma-ray background (DGB) shows a possible unexplained feature at very high energies (VHE), which we have called the "VHE Excess" relative to expectations for an attenuated power law extrapolated from lower energies. We show that VHDM could explain this excess, and that neutrino observations will be an important tool for testing this scenario. More conservatively, we derive new constraints on the properties of VHDM for masses of 10^3-10^10 GeV. These generic bounds follow from cosmic energy budget constraints for gamma rays and neutrinos that we developed elsewhere, based on detailed calculations of cosmic electromagnetic cascades and also neutrino detection rates. We show that combining both gamma-ray and neutrino data is essential for making the constraints on VHDM properties both strong and robust. In the lower mass range, our constraints on VHDM annihilation and decay are comparable to other results; however, our constraints continue to much higher masses, where they become relatively stronger.
description: 33 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication in JCAP
Bouncing models with a cosmological constant
Creators: name: Maier, Rodrigo
name: Pereira, Stella
name: Pinto-Neto, Nelson
name: Siffert, Beatriz B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bouncing models have been proposed by many authors as a completion, or even as an alternative to inflation for the description of the very early and dense Universe. However, most bouncing models contain a contracting phase from a very large and rarefied state, where dark energy might have had an important role as it has today in accelerating our large Universe. In that case, its presence can modify the initial conditions and evolution of cosmological perturbations, changing the known results already obtained in the literature concerning their amplitude and spectrum. In this paper, we assume the simplest and most appealing candidate for dark energy, the cosmological constant, and evaluate its influence on the evolution of cosmological perturbations during the contracting phase of a bouncing model, which also contains a scalar field with a potential allowing background solutions with pressure and energy density satisfying p = w*rho, w being a constant. An initial adiabatic vacuum state can be set at the end of domination by the cosmological constant, and an almost scale invariant spectrum of perturbations is obtained for w~0, which is the usual result for bouncing models. However, the presence of the cosmological constant induces oscillations and a running towards a tiny red-tilted spectrum for long wavelength perturbations.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
Topics in statistical minimax hypothesis testing
Creators: name: Gutzeit, Maurilio
Publisher: name: Otto von Guericke University Library, Magdeburg, Germany
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematische Statistik
subject: 519

description: In dieser Dissertation präsentieren wir neue theoretische Ergebnisse im Gebiet derstatistischen minimax Hypothesentests in sehr unterschiedlichen Situationen. Spe-ziell leiten wirnicht-asymptotische minimax “separation rates”(Abstandsraten) fürTestprobleme her, bei denen beideHypothesenzusammengesetzt sind.Im einführenden Kapitel beschreiben wir die allgemeine Situation und Idee fürminimax Tests und besprechen relevante Literatur. Zudem werden für das Thematypische Ideen und Phänomene anhand eines speziellen“signal-detection”-Problemsillustriert.Danach gehen wir auf drei verschiedene Szenarien mit zusammengesetzten Hypothe-sen ein:Zunächst wird das Testproblem untersucht, ob der Erwartungsvektor einesd-dimen-sionalen Gauss’schen Vektors in einer konvexen Menge C ⊆Rd liegt. Dieses Prob-lem im minimax-Sinne mit kleinenTyp-I-undTyp-II-Fehler-Wahrscheinlichkeitenzu lösen, erfordert im Allgemeinen einen positiven Abstand zwischen derNull-undAlternativhypotheseund wir sind am kleinsten Euklidischen Abstand interessiert,sodass ein Test mit der gewünschten Leistung existiert. Im Laufe des Kapitels en-twickeln wir einen Einblick darüber, inwiefern der minimax-optimale Abstand vonder Form vonCabhängt.Danach beschäftigen wir uns mit dem Testproblem, ob zwei zufällige Graphen auf dergleichen Verteilung beruhen. Speziell beobachten wir uiv Realisierungen zweier (un-terschiedlicher)inhomogener Erdős-Renyi-Graphen mit ParametermatrizenPundQauf einer gemeinsamen Knotenmenge und sind am kleinsten Abstand zwischen P und Q interessiert, sodass ein Test die Verteilungen mit kleinen Fehlerwahrscheinlichkeiten unterscheiden kann. Wir zeigen, dass die minimax-optimale Abstandsrate– und sogar die grundsätzliche Lösbarkeit des Problems – stark vom gewählten Ab-standsmaß zwischen P und Q abhängt.Das letzte Kapitel beschäftigt sich damit, den Grad der Regularität (imSobolev-Sinne) einer Funktionfbasierend auf einer verrauschten Beobachtung vonfzutesten. Speziell nehmen wir an, dass f∈Bt(R)(ein Sobolev-Ball mit Regularitätt >0und RadiusR >0) gilt und testen, ob sogarf∈Bs(R)für eins > tgilt. Nununtersuchen wir den kleinsten Abstand im L2-Sinne zwischen Bs(R)und f, sodass ein Test diesen mit kleinen Fehlerwahrscheinlichkeiten erkennen kann. Überraschenderweise hängt die minimax-optimale Abstandsrate nicht von s ab.
Connecting the Physical World with Arduino in SECE
Creators: name: Janak, Jan
name: Nam, Hyunwoo
name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Computer science

description: The Internet of Things (IoT) enables the physical world to be connected and controlled over the Internet. This paper presents a smart gateway platform that connects everyday objects such as lights, thermometers, and TVs over the Internet. The proposed hardware architecture is implemented on an Arduino platform with a variety of off the shelf home automation technologies such as Zigbee and X10. Using the microcontroller-based platform, the SECE (Sense Everything, Control Everything) system allows users to create various IoT services such as monitoring sensors, controlling actuators, triggering action events, and periodic sensor reporting. We give an overview of the Arduino-based smart gateway architecture and its integration into SECE.
Effectiveness of Teaching Metamorphic Testing, Part II
Creators: name: Mishra, Kunal S.
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
name: Sheth, Swapneel Kalpesh
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Computer science

description: We study the ability of students in a senior/graduate software engineering course to understand and apply metamorphic testing, a relatively recently invented advance in software testing research that complements conventional approaches such as equivalence partitioning and boundary analysis. We previously reported our investigation of the fall 2011 offering of the Columbia University course COMS W4156 Advanced Software Engineering, and here report on the fall 2012 offering and contrast it to the previous year. Our main findings are: 1) Although the students in the second offering did not do very well on the newly added individual assignment specifically focused on metamorphic testing, thereafter they were better able to find metamorphic properties for their team projects than the students from the previous year who did not have that preliminary homework and, perhaps most significantly, did not have the solution set for that homework. 2) Students in the second offering did reasonably well using the relatively novel metamorphic testing technique vs. traditional black box testing techniques in their projects (such comparison data is not available for the first offering). 3) Finally, in both semesters, the majority of the student teams were able to apply metamorphic testing to their team projects after only minimal instruction, which would imply that metamorphic testing is a viable strategy for student testers.
Non-minimally coupled Dirac equation with torsion: Poincaré gauge theory of gravity with even and odd parity terms
Creators: name: Adak, Muzaffer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We take a Dirac field non-minimally coupled to the gravitational field within the framework of the Poincaré gauge theory of gravity with torsion and curvature. We study the subcase of "weak" gravity, that is, the gravitational Lagrangian depends only linearly on the curvature and quadratically on the torsion. We include all pieces in curvature and torsion that are of odd parity. The second field equation of gravity is derived by varying the Lorentz connection. We solve it with respect to the torsion and decompose the first field equation of gravity and the Dirac equation into Einsteinian pieces and post-Riemannian terms.
description: Title and content have been changed. To appear in CQG
Fu Ori outbursts and the planet-disc mass exchange
Creators: name: Nayakshin, Sergei
name: Lodato, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been recently proposed that giant protoplanets migrating inward through the disc more rapidly than they contract could be tidally disrupted when they fill their Roche lobes ~ 0.1 AU away from their parent protostars. Here we consider the process of mass and angular momentum exchange between the tidally disrupted planet and the surrounding disc in detail. We find that the planet's adiabatic mass-radius relation and its ability to open a deep gap in the disc determine whether the disruption proceeds as a sudden runaway or a balanced quasi-static process. In the latter case the planet feeds the inner disc through its Lagrangian L1 point like a secondary star in a stellar binary system. As the planet loses mass it gains specific angular momentum and normally migrates in the outward direction until the gap closes. Numerical experiments show that planet disruption outbursts are preceded by long "quiescent" periods during which the disc inward of the planet is empty. The hole in the disc is created when the planet opens a deep gap, letting the inner disc to drain onto the star while keeping the outer one stalled behind the planet. We find that the mass-losing planet embedded in a realistic protoplanetary disc spawns an extremely rich set of variability patterns. In a subset of parameter space, there is a limit cycle behaviour caused by non-linear interaction between the planet mass loss and the disc hydrogen ionisation instability. We suggest that tidal disruptions of young massive planets near their stars may be responsible for the observed variability of young accreting protostars such as FU Ori, EXor and T Tauri stars in general.
description: revised and resubmitted to MNRAS. 23 pages, 16 figures
Expanding the clinical spectrum and management of Traboulsi syndrome: report on two siblings homozygous for a novel pathogenic variant in ASPH
Creators: name: Van Hoorde, Tom
name: Nerinckx, Fanny
name: Kreps, Elke
name: Roels, Dimitri
name: Huyghe, Philippe
name: Van Heetvelde, Mattias
name: Verdin, Hannah
name: De Baere, Elfride
name: Balikova, Irina
name: Leroy, Bart P.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Traboulsi syndrome is a very rare, syndromic form of ectopia lentis that is potentially sight-threatening at a young age. It is characterized by typical facial, skeletal and ocular signs. Two siblings, born to consanguineous parents, with a clinical phenotype consistent with Traboulsi syndrome, underwent extensive ophthalmic imaging and exome-based genetic testing. Both were treated with unilateral clear lens extraction via a limbal approach. Two siblings, one male and one female, presented with systemic and ocular features consistent with Traboulsi syndrome. Lens subluxation was present in all 4fouraffected eyes, and spontaneous subconjunctival bleb formation was detected in one eye. This eye also showed evidence of keratoconus-related corneal thinning. The clinical diagnosis of Traboulsi syndrome was confirmed molecularly. A homozygous, novel, pathogenic nonsense variant was identified in exon 25 of the ASPH gene: c.2181_2183dup, p.(Val727_Trp728insTer). Excellent visual outcomes following clear lens extraction and postoperative rigid gas-permeable contact lens fitting were obtained. We expanded the genetic spectrum of Traboulsi syndrome with a novel frameshift variant in the ASPH gene. We showed that lensectomy followed by gas-permeable contact lenses is an efficient therapeutic approach to treat lens subluxation in Traboulsi syndrome. However, lifelong follow-up is crucial to avoid (late) postoperative complications.
Cost and Scalability of Hardware Encryption Techniques
Creators: name: Waksman, Adam Scott
name: Sethumadhavan, Lakshminarasimhan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Computer science

description: We discuss practical details and basic scalability for two recent ideas for hardware encryption for trojan prevention. The broad idea is to encrypt the data used as inputs to hardware circuits to make it more difficult for malicious attackers to exploit hardware trojans. The two methods we discuss are data obfuscation and fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). Data obfuscation is a technique wherein specific data inputs are encrypted so that they can be operated on within a hardware module without exposing the data itself to the hardware. FHE is a technique recently discovered to be theoretically possible. With FHE, not only the data but also the operations and the entire circuit are encrypted. FHE primarily exists as a theoretical construct currently. It has been shown that it can theoretically be applied to any program or circuit. It has also been applied in a limited respect to some software. Some initial algorithms for hardware applications have been proposed. We find that data obfuscation is efficient enough to be immediately practical, while FHE is not yet in the practical realm. There are also scalability concerns regarding current algorithms for FHE.
The Comorbidity of Eating Disorders and Substance Abuse in Adolescents and Young Adults
Creators: name: Trilling, Eleanor
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Mental health
Clinical psychology

description: Eating disorders and substance abuse are both predominant issues that the United States faces today especially within the adolescent populations. Together, they can have serious consequences. And unfortunately many individuals suffering from an eating disorder or substance abuse problem develop its counterpart at some point in their lifetime. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) at Columbia University found in their three year study (2003) that “individuals with eating disorders are up to five times likelier to abuse alcohol or illicit drugs and those to abuse alcohol or illicit drugs and those who abuse alcohol or illicit drugs are up to 11 times likelier to have eating disorders”. This paper explores the comorbidity of eating disorders and substance abuse among the adolescent population in America. It will first look very briefly at each disorder separately, and then review the literature and studies that look at the overlap between the two. By comparing common personal, social and societal risks that are shared by those affected by eating disorders and substance abuse, this paper will attempt to explain the co-occurrence between the two disorders and demonstrate the causal linkages. Finally, I will bring my own thoughts, reactions, critiques and areas where I see need for further exploration.
Representations of solvable Lie algebras with filtrations
Creators: name: Panov, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B30

description: We construct representation theory of Lie algebras with filtrations. In this framework a classification of irreducible representations is obtained and spectra of some reducible representations are found.
description: 15 pages