cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamics of Gaussian fluctuations and paraconductivity in layered superconductors
Creators: name: Mishonov, Todor
name: Penev, Evgeni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A detailed theoretical analysis of the Gaussian fluctuations of the order parameter in layered superconductors is performed within the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory. The available results for the Gaussian fluctuations are systematized and a number of novel formulae for the fluctuation magnetization, nonlinear magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity and high-frequency conductivity in layered superconductors are derived. We propose several new prescriptions: how to determine the life-time constant of fluctuation Cooper pairs tau_0, the in-plane coherence length xi_ab(0), the energy cutoff parameter e_cut=c hbar^2 / 2m_ab xi^2_ab(0), and the Ginzburg number e_Gi. It is demonstrated, for example, how the spectroscopy of the life-time can be used to verify the existence of depairing mechanisms in layered cuprates. The ultraviolet regularization of the GL free energy is carried out by means of the well-known from the field theory zeta-function method. We further show that the archetype of the latter method has its origin in the century of enlightenment and the novel result is that the fluctuation part of the thermodynamic variables of the layered superconductors can be expressed in terms of the Euler Gamma-function and its derivatives. Universal scaling curves for the magnetic field dependence of the paraconductivity sigma_ab(T_c,B), fluctuation magnetization M(T_c,B) and the heat capacity C(T_c,B) are found for the quasi-2D superconductors at T_c and further related to the form-factor of the Cooper pairs.
description: 48 pages, 2 figures, LaTeX. Final version: typos observed in the published paper corrected. See http://arXiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0004023v1 for first version of the manuscript: Mon, 3 Apr 2000 15:12:56 GMT
title: Immobilization of Chromium by Iron Oxides in Nickel–Cobalt Laterite Mine Tailings
Creators: name: Delina, Ruth Esther
name: Perez, Jeffrey Paulo H.
name: Roddatis, Vladimir V.
name: Stammeier, Jessica A.
name: Prieur, Damien
name: Scheinost, Andreas C.
name: Tan, Mark M.
name: Garcia, Jhonard John L.
name: Arcilla, Carlo A.
name: Benning, Liane G.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: mine waste
subject: high pressure acid leaching
subject: coprecipitation
subject: hematite
subject: chromite
subject: sequential extraction
subject: X-ray absorption spectroscopy
classificationCode: 540
subject: Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Mine tailings generated from hydrometallurgical processing of nickel–cobalt laterite deposits contain high levels of chromium (Cr), with the hexavalent species being a toxic pollutant and carcinogen. However, the partitioning, speciation, and local bonding environment of Cr in the mine tailings remain largely unknown, hindering our ability to predict its toxicity and long-term behavior. Coupling detailed mineralogical, spectroscopic, and geochemical characterization with sequential extraction of tailings from active and rehabilitated dams, we show that Cr is present in its least toxic form, Cr(III), and largely immobilized by recalcitrant minerals. This immobilization also regulates dissolved Cr concentrations in the interacting waters to levels up to five times lower than the global regulatory limit (50 μg L–1). Solid-phase Cr concentrations were ≤1.5 wt % with 39–61% of Cr incorporated into hematite, and to a lesser extent, alunite, both of which formed early in the hydrometallurgical extraction process of mined laterite ores. The remaining Cr was present as recalcitrant chromite residues from the primary source laterites. We highlight that, although hydrometallurgical extractions liberate Cr from laterite ores during processing, they also provide ideal chemical pathways for the formation of highly stable, crystalline hematite that successfully sequesters Cr, while restricting its environmental mobility.
ORSIm Detector: A Novel Object Detection Framework in Optical Remote Sensing Imagery Using Spatial-Frequency Channel Features
Creators: name: Wu, Xin
name: Hong, Danfeng
name: Tian, Jiaojiao
name: Chanussot, Jocelyn
name: Li, Wei
name: Tao, Ran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the rapid development of spaceborne imaging techniques, object detection in optical remote sensing imagery has drawn much attention in recent decades. While many advanced works have been developed with powerful learning algorithms, the incomplete feature representation still cannot meet the demand for effectively and efficiently handling image deformations, particularly objective scaling and rotation. To this end, we propose a novel object detection framework, called optical remote sensing imagery detector (ORSIm detector), integrating diverse channel features extraction, feature learning, fast image pyramid matching, and boosting strategy. ORSIm detector adopts a novel spatial-frequency channel feature (SFCF) by jointly considering the rotation-invariant channel features constructed in frequency domain and the original spatial channel features (e.g., color channel, gradient magnitude). Subsequently, we refine SFCF using learning-based strategy in order to obtain the high-level or semantically meaningful features. In the test phase, we achieve a fast and coarsely-scaled channel computation by mathematically estimating a scaling factor in the image domain. Extensive experimental results conducted on the two different airborne datasets are performed to demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness in comparison with previous state-of-the-art methods.
Ageing in Place vs. Ageing Relocation and the Elderly's Behaviours
Creators: name: Chawit Yonghencharoen
Publisher: name: Mae Fah Luang University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Elderly Population
Ageing Relocation
Senior Nursing Home
Ageing in Place
Elderly Decision Making

description: MFU Connexion: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 10, 1, 41
Adapted-operator representations: Selective versus collective properties of quantum networks
Creators: name: Otte, Alexander
name: Mahler, Guenter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on local unitary operators acting on a n-dimensional Hilbert-space, we investigate selective and collective operator basis sets for N-particle quantum networks. Selective cluster operators are used to derive the properties of general cat-states for any n and N. Collective operators are conveniently used to account for permutation symmetry: The respective Hilbert-space dimension is then only polynomial in N and governed by strong selection rules. These selection rules can be exploited for the design of decoherence-free subspaces as well as for the implementation of efficient routes to entanglement if suspended switching between states of different symmetry classes could be realized.
description: 17 pages
Altersalkoholismus – vom Bruch zur Brücke: Sozialarbeiterische Interventionsmöglichkeiten in der Unterstützung von selbstständig wohnenden Late Onset Erkrankten
Creators: name: Steger, Stefanie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Alkohol gilt als eine der ältesten Drogen der Menschheit. Seit Generationen ist er für seine berauschende Wirkung bekannt und wird auch von älteren Menschen konsumiert. Lange Zeit hielt sich der Glaube, dass Seniorinnen und Senioren im Zuge ihres Alterungsprozesses aus einer Abhängigkeit «hinauswachsen» würden (Dirk Wolter, 2011, S. 21), dass dem nicht so ist und es im Gegenteil sogar verschiedene Formen der Alkoholabhängigkeit im Alter gibt, wird in dieser Arbeit behandelt. Die Spätmanifestation des Alkoholismus, auch Late Onset genannt, wird in den Fokus gerückt und spezifisch die Lage von Menschen im Pensionsalter, die noch selbstständig zu Hause leben, untersucht. Dazu wurde die vorhandene Literatur gesichtet und zentrale Erkenntnisse festgehalten, die das Potential sozialarbeiterischer Interventionen aufzeigen. Ihre Herleitung basiert einerseits auf der Beschreibung von Begrifflichkeiten und des aktuellen Stands der Ursachenforschung, andererseits auf Erklärungsansätzen von Sucht-, wie auch Alterstheorien, und ebenso auf der sozialarbeiterischen Bewertung und ihrer Legitimation. Die Ausarbeitung der Interventionen erfolgt dreigeteilt auf den Ebenen Gesellschaft, Umfeld und Individuum. Methoden der Gesprächsführung werden dabei als sozialarbeiterisches Grundwissen vorausgesetzt und nicht spezifisch thematisiert.
description: + Code Diss LU: hslusa basa 2019 + Fussnote: Bachelorarbeit, Hochschule Luzern - Soziale Arbeit, Ausbildungsgang Sozialarbeit, 2019 + NL-Code: NLLUHSA201909
Additional file 1: of Drastic effect of shearing on graphite microtexture: attention and application to Earth science
Creators: name: Kouketsu, Yui
name: Miyake, Akira
name: Igami, Yohei
name: Taguchi, Tomoki
name: Kagi, Hiroyuki
name: Enami, Masaki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S1. STEMâ EDS mapping data. (a) STEM image of mapped area, (b) EDS spectrum of the entire mapped area. (c) to (f) shows element maps of carbon (C), silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), and oxygen (O), respectively. Only C was detected in the map area, and impurities such as Si, Al, and O were not detected. In the EDS spectrum, small peaks of Si, Fe, and Co peaks are derived from pole piece and/or TEM sample holder, Ga and Pt peaks were derived at the FIB process, and Cu peaks were derived from the sample holder. (PDF 133 kb)
Nucleotide composition and synonymous codon usage of open reading frames in Norovirus GII.4 variants
Creators: name: Dan, Wei
name: Jin, Yan
name: Tang, Zizhong
name: Li, Yongmin
name: Yao, Huipeng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Norovirus GII.4 variants, a genotype in genogroup II belonging to the genus Norovirus, is a single-strand positive sense RNA containing three open reading frames (ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3) and is the most important pathogen causing nonbacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks. By using bioinformatic softwares such as Codon W, SPSS and so on, a total of 292 strains of the viruses isolated from 1974 to 2016 were analyzed for nucleotide composition and synonymous codon usage in each ORF. The result shows that it is enriched for A over the other bases in nucleotide composition, G behind the other bases in the 3rd site of all synonymous codons in the three ORFs. The patterns of nucleotide composition and codon bias of ORF2 are similar to those of ORF3 and different from those of ORF1. There are generally UpA motif and CpG motif in the codons with the lowest proportion. Correspondence analysis indicates that the codon usage may be changing over a certain time period for ORF1 in 2006 and 2012, ORF2 in 2012, and ORF3 in 2013. ENC (effective number of codons) plot and other analyses indicate that both natural selection and mutational pressure play partly roles in the ORFs, but natural selection is more important for ORF2 and ORF3. Besides, we also found all optimal codons in the ORFs. The study provides a basic understanding of the mechanism for norovirus GII.4 codon usage bias.
AbbreviationsORFOpen Reading FrameENCEffective Number of CodonsCOAcorrespondence analysisRSCURelative Synonymous Codon UsageCAICodon Adaptation IndexCBICodon Bias IndexFopfrequency of optimal codonsL_symnumber of synonymous codonsL_aalength amino acidsGRAVYgrand average of hydropathicityAromaaromaticity Open Reading Frame Effective Number of Codons correspondence analysis Relative Synonymous Codon Usage Codon Adaptation Index Codon Bias Index frequency of optimal codons number of synonymous codons length amino acids grand average of hydropathicity aromaticity Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Gravitational-Wave Searches for Cosmic String Cusps in Einstein Telescope Data using Deep Learning
Creators: name: Meijer, Quirijn
name: Lopez, Melissa
name: Tsuna, Daichi
name: Caudill, Sarah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational-wave searches for cosmic strings are currently hindered by the presence of detector glitches, some classes of which strongly resemble cosmic string signals. This confusion greatly reduces the efficiency of searches. A deep-learning model is proposed for the task of distinguishing between gravitational wave signals from cosmic string cusps and simulated blip glitches in design sensitivity data from the future Einstein Telescope. The model is an ensemble consisting of three convolutional neural networks, achieving an accuracy of 79%, a true positive rate of 76%, and a false positive rate of 18%. This marks the first time convolutional neural networks have been trained on a realistic population of Einstein Telescope glitches. On a dataset consisting of signals and glitches, the model is shown to outperform matched filtering, specifically being better at rejecting glitches. The behaviour of the model is interpreted through the application of several methods, including a novel technique called waveform surgery, used to quantify the importance of waveform sections to a classification model. In addition, a method to visualise convolutional neural network activations for one-dimensional time series is proposed and used. These analyses help further the understanding of the morphological differences between cosmic string cusp signals and blip glitches. Because of its classification speed in the order of magnitude of milliseconds, the deep-learning model is suitable for future use as part of a real-time detection pipeline. The deep-learning model is transverse and can therefore potentially be applied to other transient searches.
description: 15 pages, 20 figures
title: GETAE: Graph Information Enhanced Deep Neural NeTwork Ensemble ArchitecturE for fake news detection
Creators: name: Truica, Ciprian-Octavian
name: Apostol, Elena-Simona
name: Marogel, Marius
name: Paschke, Adrian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Fake news detection
subject: Social network analysis
subject: Deep Neural Network Ensemble Architectures
subject: Propagation embeddings
subject: Propagation-Enhanced Content Embedding
classificationCode: 004
subject: Datenverarbeitung; Informatik

description: In today’s digital age, fake news has become a major problem with serious consequences, ranging from social unrest to political upheaval. New methods for detecting and mitigating fake news are required to address this issue. In this work, we propose incorporating contextual and network-aware features into the detection process. This involves analyzing not only the content of a news article but also the context in which it was shared and the network of users who shared it, i.e., the information diffusion. Thus, we propose GETAE, Graph Information Enhanced Deep Neural NeTwork Ensemble ArchitecturE for Fake News Detection, a novel ensemble architecture that uses textual content together with the social interactions to improve fake news detection. GETAE contains two Branches: the Text Branch and the Propagation Branch. The Text Branch combines Word and Transformer embeddings with a Deep Neural Network architecture based on feed-forward and bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks ([Bi]RNN) to capture contextual features and generate a Text Content Embedding. This integrated approach allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the textual information. The Propagation Branch considers the information propagation within the graph network and proposes a Deep Learning architecture that employs Node Embeddings to create novel Propagation Embedding. GETAE’s Ensemble module combines the Text Content and Propagation Embeddings, to create a powerful and unique Propagation-Enhanced Content Embedding which is afterward used for classification. The experimental results obtained on two real-world publicly available datasets, i.e., Twitter15 and Twitter16, prove that this approach improves fake news detection and outperforms state-of-the-art models.
A Three-Dimensional Model for the Development of an Ethical Landscape: A Case Study of the Ethical Environment in the Province of Chiang Rai
Creators: name: Phoranee Kaewbovorn
Publisher: name: Mae Fah Luang University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Three-Dimensional Model
Ethical Landscapes
Ethical Environment

description: MFU Connexion: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 10, 1, 51
Expansion of Liquid 4He Through the Lambda Transition
Creators: name: Dodd, M. E.
name: Hendry, P. C.
name: Lawson, N. S.
name: McClintock, P. V. E.
name: Williams, C. D. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Zurek suggested [Nature 317 (1985) 505] that the Kibble mechanism, through which topological defects such as cosmic strings are believed to have been created in the early Universe, can also result in the formation of topological defects in liquid 4He, i.e. quantised vortices, during rapid quenches through the superfluid transition. Preliminary experiments [Hendry et al, Nature 368 (1994) 315] seemed to support this idea in that the quenches produced the predicted high vortex-densities. The present paper describes a new experiment incorporating a redesigned expansion cell that minimises vortex creation arising from conventional hydrodynamic flow. The post-quench line-densities of vorticity produced by the new cell are no more than 10^10 m^{-2}, a value that is at least two orders-of-magnitude less than the theoretical prediction. We conclude that most of the vortices detected in the original experiment must have been created through conventional flow processes.
description: 21 pages, 19 figures
Semi-Analytical Calculation of the Rouse Dynamics of Randomly Branched Polymers
Creators: name: Kemp, Josh P.
name: Chen, Zheng Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a semi-analytical approach to the determination of the dynamic properties of randomly branched polymers under the Rouse approximation. The principle procedure is based on examining a spectrum of eigenvalues which represents the average dynamic behavior of various structures. The calculated spectra show that the eigenvalue distribution is random even within a single structure which in turn produces a continuous spectrum of values for the entire class. The auto-correlation functions for the radius of gyration squared were calculated based on these spectra, which confirms that the dynamics is non-exponential as earlier reported. A universal stretched exponent is also found in this study.
description: 5 pages, 8 figures, Submitted to Phys. Rev. E
A note on measurement
Creators: name: d'Espagnat, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Grounded on the quantum measurement riddle, a general argument against the universal validity of the superposition principle was recently put forward by Bassi and Ghirardi. It is pointed out that this argument is valid only within the realm of the philosophy of ``objectivistic realism'' which is not a necessary part of the foundations of physics, and that recent developments including decoherence theory do account for the appearance of macroscopic objects without resorting to a break of the principle.
description: 10 pages
The Density Matrix Renormalization Group technique with periodic boundary conditions
Creators: name: Gendiar, Andrej
name: Surda, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) method with periodic boundary conditions is introduced for two dimensional classical spin models. It is shown that this method is more suitable for derivation of the properties of infinite 2D systems than the DMRG with open boundary conditions despite the latter describes much better strips of finite width. For calculation at criticality, phenomenological renormalization at finite strips is used together with a criterion for optimum strip width for a given order of approximation. For this width the critical temperature of 2D Ising model is estimated with seven-digit accuracy for not too large order of approximation. Similar precision is reached for critical indices. These results exceed the accuracy of similar calculations for DMRG with open boundary conditions by several orders of magnitude.
description: REVTeX format contains 8 pages and 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Additional file 2: of Improving office workersâ mental health and cognition: a 3-arm cluster randomized controlled trial targeting physical activity and sedentary behavior in multi-component interventions
Creators: name: Nooijen, Carla
name: Blom, Victoria
name: ĂRjan Ekblom
name: Ekblom, Maria
name: Kallings, Lena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Team leadersâ role in interventions (DOCX 16 kb)
Inhibited Recombination of Charged Magnetoexcitons
Creators: name: Okamura, H.
name: Heiman, D.
name: Sundaram, M.
name: Gossard, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements show that the decay time for charged excitons in a GaAs two-dimensional electron gas increases by an order of magnitude at high magnetic fields. Unlike neutral excitons, the charged exciton center-of-mass is spatially confined in a ``magnetically-adjustable quantum dot'' by the cyclotron orbit and the quantum well. The inhibited recombination is explained by a reduced phase coherence volume of the magnetically-confined charged excitons.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRB rapid
Random Projection using Random Quantum Circuits
Creators: name: Kumaran, Keerthi
name: Sajjan, Manas
name: Oh, Sangchul
name: Kais, Sabre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The random sampling task performed by Google's Sycamore processor gave us a glimpse of the "Quantum Supremacy era". This has definitely shed some spotlight on the power of random quantum circuits in this abstract task of sampling outputs from the (pseudo-) random circuits. In this manuscript, we explore a practical near-term use of local random quantum circuits in dimensional reduction of large low-rank data sets. We make use of the well-studied dimensionality reduction technique called the random projection method. This method has been extensively used in various applications such as image processing, logistic regression, entropy computation of low-rank matrices, etc. We prove that the matrix representations of local random quantum circuits with sufficiently shorter depths ($\sim O(n)$) serve as good candidates for random projection. We demonstrate numerically that their projection abilities are not far off from the computationally expensive classical principal components analysis on MNIST and CIFAR-100 image data sets. We also benchmark the performance of quantum random projection against the commonly used classical random projection in the tasks of dimensionality reduction of image datasets and computing Von Neumann entropies of large low-rank density matrices. And finally using variational quantum singular value decomposition, we demonstrate a near-term implementation of extracting the singular vectors with dominant singular values after quantum random projecting a large low-rank matrix to lower dimensions. All such numerical experiments unequivocally demonstrate the ability of local random circuits to randomize a large Hilbert space at sufficiently shorter depths with robust retention of properties of large datasets in reduced dimensions.
description: Minor typos fixed in this version
Effective Charge and Spin Hamiltonian for the Quarter-Filled Ladder Compound $α'$-NaV$_2$O$_5$
Creators: name: Sa, Debanand
name: Gros, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An effective intra- and inter-ladder charge-spin hamiltonian for the quarter-filled ladder compound $α'$-NaV$_2$O$_5$ has been derived by using the standard canonical transformation method. In the derivation, it is clear that a finite inter-site Coulomb repulsion is needed to get a meaningful result otherwise the perturbation becomes ill-defined. Various limiting cases depending on the values of the model parameters have been analyzed in detail and the effective exchange couplings are estimated. We find that the effective intra-ladder exchange may become ferromagnetic for the case of zig-zag charge ordering in a purely electronic model. We estimate the magnitude of the effective inter-rung Coulomb repulsion in a ladder and find it to be about one-order of magnitude too small in order to stabilize charge-ordering.
description: Eur. Phys. J. B (submitted)
Experimental and Computational Analysis of Energy Absorption Characteristics of Three Biomimetic Lattice Structures Under Compression
Creators: name: Vafaeefar, Mahtab
name: Moerman, Kevin M.
name: Vaughan, Ted J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The objective of this study is to evaluate the mechanical properties and energy absorption characteristics of the gyroid, dual-lattice and spinodoid structures, as biomimetic lattices, through finite element analysis and experimental characterisation. As part of the study, gyroid and dual-lattice structures at 10 percent volume fraction were 3D-printed using an elastic resin, and mechanically tested under uniaxial compression. Computational models were calibrated to the observed experimental data and the response of higher volume fraction structures were simulated in an explicit finite element solver. Stress-strain data of groups of lattices at different volume fractions were studied and energy absorption parameters including total energy absorbed per unit volume, energy absorption efficiency and onset of densification strain were calculated. Also, the structures were characterized into bending-dominant and stretch-dominant structures, according to their nodal connectivity and Gibson-and-Ashby's law. The results of the study showed that the dual-lattice is capable of absorbing more energy at each volume fraction cohort. However, gyroid structures showed higher energy absorption efficiency and the onset of densification at higher strains. The spinodoid structure was found to be the poorest structure in terms of energy absorption, specifically at low volume fractions. Also, the results showed that the dual-lattice was a stretch dominated structure, while the gyroid structure was a bending dominated structure, which may be a reason that it is a better candidate for energy absorption applications.
Probing quantum spin liquids with a quantum twisting microscope
Creators: name: Peri, Valerio
name: Ilani, Shahal
name: Lee, Patrick A.
name: Refael, Gil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The experimental characterization of quantum spin liquids poses significant challenges due to the absence of long-range magnetic order, even at absolute zero temperature. The identification of these states of matter often relies on the analysis of their excitations. In this paper, we propose a method for detecting the signatures of the fractionalized excitations in quantum spin liquids using a tunneling spectroscopy setup. Inspired by the recent development of the quantum twisting microscope, we consider a planar tunneling junction, in which a candidate quantum spin liquid material is placed between two graphene layers. By tuning the relative twist angle and voltage bias between the leads, we can extract the dynamical spin structure factor of the tunneling barrier with momentum and energy resolution. Our proposal presents a promising tool for experimentally characterizing quantum spin liquids in two-dimensional materials.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures
Nucleotide composition and synonymous codon usage of open reading frames in Norovirus GII.4 Variants
Creators: name: Dan, Wei
name: Jin, Yan
name: Tang, Zizhong
name: Li, Yongmin
name: Yao, Huipeng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Norovirus GII.4 variants, a genotype in genogroup II belonging to the genus Norovirus, is a single-strand positive sense RNA containing three open reading frames (ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3) and is the most important pathogen causing nonbacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks. By using bioinformatic softwares such as Codon W, SPSS and so on, a total of 292 strains of the viruses isolated from 1974 to 2016 were analyzed for nucleotide composition and synonymous codon usage in each ORF. The result shows that it is enriched for A over the other bases in nucleotide composition, G behind the other bases in the 3rd site of all synonymous codons in the three ORFs. The patterns of nucleotide composition and codon bias of ORF2 are similar to those of ORF3 and different from those of ORF1. There are generally UpA motif and CpG motif in the codons with the lowest proportion. Correspondence analysis indicates that the codon usage may be changing over a certain time period for ORF1 in 2006 and 2012, ORF2 in 2012, and ORF3 in 2013. ENC (Effective number of codons) plot and other analyses indicate that both natural selection and mutational pressure play partly roles in the ORFs, but natural selection is more important for ORF2 and ORF3. Besides, we also found all optimal codons in the ORFs. The study provides a basic understanding of the mechanism for norovirus GII.4 codon usage bias.
Superconducting Phase-Diagram of H3S under High Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Mozaffari, Shirin
name: Sun, Dan
name: Minkov, Vasily S.
name: Knyazev, Dmitry
name: Betts, Jonathan B.
name: Einaga, Mari
name: Shimizu, Katsuya
name: Eremets, Mikhail I.
name: Balicas, Luis
name: Balakirev, Fedor F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the temperature dependence of the upper critical fields $μ_0H_{c2}(T)$ of the high temperature superconductor H$_3$S under applied pressures of 155 and 160 GPa through the electrical resistance transition observed under DC and pulsed magnetic fields up to 65 T, a record high combination of fields and pressures. We find that $H_{c2}(T)$ generally follows the Werthamer, Helfand and Hohenberg (WHH) formalism at low fields, albeit with noticeable deviations upon approaching our experimental limit of $μ_0H = 65$ T. In fact, $H_{c2}(T)$ displays a remarkably linear dependence on temperature over an extended temperature range also found in multigap or in strongly-coupled superconductors. The best fit of $H_{c2}(T)$ to the WHH formula yields a negligible value for the Maki parameter $α$ and for spin-orbit scattering constant $λ_{\text{SO}}$. However, its behavior is relatively well-described by a model based on strong coupling superconductivity with a coupling constant $λ\sim 2$. Therefore, we conclude that H$_3$S behaves as a strong-coupled orbital-limited superconductor over the entire range of temperatures and fields used for our measurements.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Identification of all Hardy-type correlations for two photons or particles with spin 1/2
Creators: name: Cereceda, Jose L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using an alternative, equivalent form of the CHSH inequality and making extensive use of the experimentally testable property of physical locality we determine the 64 different Bell-type inequalities (each one involving four joint probabilities) into which Hardy's nonlocality theorem can be cast. This allows one to identify all the two-qubit correlations which can exhibit Hardy-type nonlocality.
description: LaTeX file, 22 pages, no figures. Forthcoming in Found. Phys. Letters
MPEC 2025-H132 : DAILY ORBIT UPDATE (2025 April 25)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Differential Equations for Approximate Solutions of Painlevé Equations: Application to the Algebraic Solutions of the Painlevé-III $({\rm D}_7)$ Equation
Creators: name: Buckingham, Robert J.
name: Miller, Peter D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34E05, 34M55, 37K10

description: It is well known that the Painlevé equations can formally degenerate to autonomous differential equations with elliptic function solutions in suitable scaling limits. A way to make this degeneration rigorous is to apply Deift-Zhou steepest-descent techniques to a Riemann-Hilbert representation of a family of solutions. This method leads to an explicit approximation formula in terms of theta functions and related algebro-geometric ingredients that is difficult to directly link to the expected limiting differential equation. However, the approximation arises from an outer parametrix that satisfies relatively simple conditions. By applying a method that we learned from Alexander Its, it is possible to use these simple conditions to directly obtain the limiting differential equation, bypassing the details of the algebro-geometric solution of the outer parametrix problem. In this paper, we illustrate the use of this method to relate an approximation of the algebraic solutions of the Painlevé-III (D$_7$) equation valid in the part of the complex plane where the poles and zeros of the solutions asymptotically reside to a form of the Weierstrass equation.
Qutrit Circuits and Algebraic Relations: A Pathway to Efficient Spin-1 Hamiltonian Simulation
Creators: name: Ogunkoya, Oluwadara
name: Kim, Joonho
name: Peng, Bo
name: Özgüler, A. Barış
name: Alexeev, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum information processing has witnessed significant advancements through the application of qubit-based techniques within universal gate sets. Recently, exploration beyond the qubit paradigm to $d$-dimensional quantum units or qudits has opened new avenues for improving computational efficiency. This paper delves into the qudit-based approach, particularly addressing the challenges presented in the high-fidelity implementation of qudit-based circuits due to increased complexity. As an innovative approach towards enhancing qudit circuit fidelity, we explore algebraic relations, such as the Yang-Baxter-like turnover equation, that may enable circuit compression and optimization. The paper introduces the turnover relation for the three-qutrit time propagator and its potential use in reducing circuit depth. We further investigate whether this relation can be generalized for higher-dimensional quantum circuits, including a focused study on the one-dimensional spin-1 Heisenberg model. Our work outlines both rigorous and numerically efficient approaches to potentially achieve this generalization, providing a foundation for further explorations in the field of qudit-based quantum computing.
Additional file 3: of Improving office workersâ mental health and cognition: a 3-arm cluster randomized controlled trial targeting physical activity and sedentary behavior in multi-component interventions
Creators: name: Nooijen, Carla
name: Blom, Victoria
name: ĂRjan Ekblom
name: Ekblom, Maria
name: Kallings, Lena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Overview of measurements (DOCX 16 kb)
Statistical Analysis of Magnetic Field Spectra
Creators: name: Wang, Jian
name: Guo, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have calculated and statistically analyzed the magnetic-field spectrum (the ``B-spectrum'') at fixed electron Fermi energy for two quantum dot systems with classically chaotic shape. This is a new problem which arises naturally in transport measurements where the incoming electron has a fixed energy while one tunes the magnetic field to obtain resonance conductance patterns. The ``B-spectrum'', defined as the collection of values ${B_i}$ at which conductance $g(B_i)$ takes extremal values, is determined by a quadratic eigenvalue equation, in distinct difference to the usual linear eigenvalue problem satisfied by the energy levels. We found that the lower part of the ``B-spectrum'' satisfies the distribution belonging to Gaussian Unitary Ensemble, while the higher part obeys a Poisson-like behavior. We also found that the ``B-spectrum'' fluctuations of the chaotic system are consistent with the results we obtained from random matrices.
Magic Star and Exceptional Periodicity: an approach to Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Truini, Piero
name: Marrani, Alessio
name: Rios, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a periodic infinite chain of finite generalisations of the exceptional structures, including the exceptional Lie algebra $\mathbf{e_8}$, the exceptional Jordan algebra (and pair) and the octonions. We will also argue on the nature of space-time and indicate how these algebraic structures may inspire a new way of going beyond the current knowledge of fundamental physics.
description: 1+8 pages, 6 figures. Presented by PT at the 32nd International Colloquium on Group Theoretical Methods in Physics, Prague, July 9-13, 2018
title: Explainable AI reveals Clever Hans effects in unsupervised learning models
Creators: name: Kauffmann, Jacob
name: Dippel, Jonas
name: Ruff, Lukas
name: Samek, Wojciech
name: Müller, Klaus-Robert
name: Montavon, Grégoire
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Computer science
subject: Scientific data
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
classificationCode: 004
subject: Datenverarbeitung; Informatik

description: Unsupervised learning has become an essential building block of artifical intelligence systems. The representations it produces, for example, in foundation models, are critical to a wide variety of downstream applications. It is therefore important to carefully examine unsupervised models to ensure not only that they produce accurate predictions on the available data but also that these accurate predictions do not arise from a Clever Hans (CH) effect. Here, using specially developed explainable artifical intelligence techniques and applying them to popular representation learning and anomaly detection models for image data, we show that CH effects are widespread in unsupervised learning. In particular, through use cases on medical and industrial inspection data, we demonstrate that CH effects systematically lead to significant performance loss of downstream models under plausible dataset shifts or reweighting of different data subgroups. Our empirical findings are enriched by theoretical insights, which point to inductive biases in the unsupervised learning machine as a primary source of CH effects. Overall, our work sheds light on unexplored risks associated with practical applications of unsupervised learning and suggests ways to systematically mitigate CH effects, thereby making unsupervised learning more robust.
Additional file 1: of Improving office workersâ mental health and cognition: a 3-arm cluster randomized controlled trial targeting physical activity and sedentary behavior in multi-component interventions
Creators: name: Nooijen, Carla
name: Blom, Victoria
name: ĂRjan Ekblom
name: Ekblom, Maria
name: Kallings, Lena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Active components of counselling according to the behavior change technique taxonomy (DOCX 15 kb)
Magnetic Foehn Effect in Nonadiabatic Transition
Creators: name: Saito, Keiji
name: Miyashita, Seiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetization curves as a response of sweeping magnetic field in the thermal environment are investigated using the quantum master equation. In a slow velocity region where the system almost behaves adiabatically, the magnetic plateau appears which has been observed in the recent experiment of V$_{15}$ [ Phys. Rev. Lett. (2000)]. We investigate its mechanism and propose that this phenomenon is quite universal in the quasi-adiabatic transition with small inflow of the heat, and we call it 'Magnetic Foehn Effect'. We observe the crossover between this mechanism and the Landau-Zener-Stückelberg mechanism changing the velocity. Some experiment is proposed to clarify the inherent mechanism of this effect.
description: 4 pages including 4 figures
A new approach to the study of the ground-state properties of 2D Ising spin glass
Creators: name: Zhan, Zhi Fang
name: Lee, Lik Wee
name: Wang, Jian-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new approach known as flat histogram method is used to study the +/-J Ising spin glass in two dimensions. Temperature dependence of the energy, the entropy, and other physical quantities can be easily calculated and we give the results for the zero-temperature limit. For the ground-state energy and entropy of an infinite system size, we estimate e0 = -1.4007 +/- 0.0085 and s0 = 0.0709 +/- 0.006, respectively. Both of them agree well with previous calculations. The time to find the ground-states as well as the tunneling times of the algorithm are also reported and compared with other methods.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
AGN selection in the AKARI NEP deep field with the fuzzy SVM algorithm
Creators: name: Poliszczuk, Artem
name: Solarz, Aleksandra
name: Pollo, Agnieszka
name: Bilicki, Maciej
name: Takeuchi, Tsutomu T.
name: Matsuhara, Hideo
name: Goto, Tomotsugu
name: Takagi, Toshinobu
name: Wada, Takehiko
name: Ohyama, Yoichi
name: Hanami, Hitoshi
name: Miyaji, Takamitsu
name: Oi, Nagisa
name: Malkan, Matthew
name: Murata, Kazumi
name: Kim, Helen
name: Tello, Jorge Díaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this work is to create a new catalog of reliable AGN candidates selected from the AKARI NEP-Deep field. Selection of the AGN candidates was done by applying a fuzzy SVM algorithm, which allows to incorporate measurement uncertainties into the classification process. The training dataset was based on the spectroscopic data available for selected objects in the NEP-Deep and NEP-Wide fields. The generalization sample was based on the AKARI NEP-Deep field data including objects without optical counterparts and making use of the infrared information only. A high quality catalog of previously unclassified 275 AGN candidates was prepared.
description: 17 pages, accepted to PASJ AKARI special issue
Supplementary document for MXene-based ultra-sensitive optical fiber salinity sensor - 5549909.pdf
Creators: name: Yi, Duo
name: Cong, Wang
name: Gao, Lingfeng
name: chen, yuzhi
name: Liu, Fei
name: Geng, Youfu
name: Zhang, Han
name: LI, Xuejin
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supporting Information
Magnetic Properties of Quantum Ferrimagnetic Spin Chains
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Shoji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic susceptibilities of spin-$(S,s)$ ferrimagnetic Heisenberg chains are numerically investigated. It is argued how the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic features of quantum ferrimagnets are exhibited as functions of $(S,s)$. Spin-$(S,s)$ ferrimagnetic chains behave like combinations of spin-$(S-s)$ ferromagnetic and spin-$(2s)$ antiferromagnetic chains provided $S=2s$.
description: 4 pages, 7 PS figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. B: Rapid Commun