cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIFFERENTIALS IN CHILD STUNTING ARE CONSTENTLY LARGER IN URBAN THAN RURAL AREAS
Creators: name: Menon, Purnima
name: Ruel, Marie T.
name: Morris, Saul Sutkover
name: Menon, Purnima
name: Ruel, Marie T.
name: Morris, Saul Sutkover
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy

description: Urban-rural comparisons of childhood undernutrition suggest that urban populations are better-off than rural populations. However, these comparisons could mask the large differentials that exist among socioeconomic groups in urban areas. Data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) for 11 countries from three regions were used to test the hypothesis that intra-urban differentials in child stunting were greater than intra-rural differentials, and that the prevalence of stunting among the urban and the rural poor was equally high. A socioeconomic status (SES) index based on household assets, housing quality, and availability of services was created separately for rural and urban areas of each country, using principal components analysis. Odds ratios (OR) were computed to estimate the magnitude of differentials in stunting (height-for-age Z-scores < −2) between urban and rural areas and between the lowest and highest SES quintiles within areas. The prevalence of stunting was lower in urban than in rural areas for all countries, but rural-urban ORs were relatively small (< 3.3). As hypothesized, the gap between low and high SES was markedly larger in urban (median OR = 4) than rural (median OR = 1.8) areas, and differences were statistically significant (interaction between area and SES in logistic regression) in all but three countries. Within-urban ORs as high as 10 were found in Peru and the Dominican Republic, whereas within-rural ORs were smaller than 3.5, except in Brazil. In most countries, stunting in the poorest urban quintile was almost on par with that of poor rural dwellers. Thus, malnutrition in urban areas continues to be of concern, and effective targeting of nutrition programs to the poorest segments of the urban population will be critical to their success and cost-effectiveness.
THE EFFECT OF LEASING ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED OIL & GAS COMPANIES IN NIGERIA.
Creators: name: Shamsuddeen Yusuf, Bugaje (FCNA, MTM, M.Sc. Ph.D.)
name: Bishir Balarabe, (M.Sc.)
name: Khalid Shariff, Abdulkadir (BSc. M.Sc.)
Publisher: name: TOP Journal
Year: 2024
Subjects: lease finance, Return on Asset

description: This study evaluated the financial performance of businesses and lease finance. Its goal was to investigate how lease finance affected the oil and gas businesses in Nigeria's financial performance, which was determined by Return on Asset (ROA). The study's data came from the annual reports and accounts of six selected firms in the Nigerian oil and gas sector that finance leases and were listed by January 2013 on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). An investigation of the impact of lease financing on return on assets (ROA) is conducted using robust OLS regression. The study's findings showed that lease financing significantly affects Nigerian oil and gas businesses' return on assets (ROA). Consequently, the study suggests that businesses should embrace lease financing as a method of financing their operations as proof suggests that value is added over the use of lease financing.
Correlation-Induced Octahedral Rotations in SrMoO$_3$
Creators: name: Hampel, Alexander
name: Lee-Hand, Jeremy
name: Georges, Antoine
name: Dreyer, Cyrus E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Distortions of the oxygen octahedra influence the fundamental electronic structure of perovskite oxides, such as their bandwidth and exchange interactions. Utilizing a fully ab-initio methodology based on density functional theory plus dynamical mean field theory (DFT+DMFT), we study the crystal and magnetic structure of SrMoO$_3$. Comparing our results with DFT+$U$ performed on the same footing, we find that DFT+$U$ overestimates the propensity for magnetic ordering, as well as the octahedral rotations, leading to a different ground state structure. This demonstrates that structural distortions can be highly sensitive to electronic correlation effects, and to the considered magnetic state, even in a moderately correlated metal such as SrMoO$_3$. Moreover, by comparing different downfolding schemes, we demonstrate the robustness of the DFT+DMFT method for obtaining structural properties, highlighting its versatility for applications to a broad range of materials.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Transgression forms and extensions of Chern-Simons gauge theories
Creators: name: Mora, Pablo
name: Olea, Rodrigo
name: Troncoso, Ricardo
name: Zanelli, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A gauge invariant action principle, based on the idea of transgression forms, is proposed. The action extends the Chern-Simons form by the addition of a boundary term that makes the action gauge invariant (and not just quasi-invariant). Interpreting the spacetime manifold as cobordant to another one, the duplication of gauge fields in spacetime is avoided. The advantages of this approach are particularly noticeable for the gravitation theory described by a Chern-Simons lagrangian for the AdS group, in which case the action is regularized and finite for black hole geometries in diverse situations. Black hole thermodynamics is correctly reproduced using either a background field approach or a background-independent setting, even in cases with asymptotically nontrivial topologies. It is shown that the energy found from the thermodynamic analysis agrees with the surface integral obtained by direct application of Noether's theorem.
description: 28 pages, no figures. Minor changes in the introduction, final comments and references
PAGER: A Distributed Algorithm for the Dead-end Problem of Location-based Routing in Sensor Networks
Creators: name: Lu, Mi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 100503 Computer Communications Networks
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The dead-end problem is an importance issue of location-based routing in sensor network, which occurs when a message falls into a local minimum using greedy forwarding. Current methods for this problem are insufficient either in eliminating traffic/path memorization or finding satisfied short paths. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm, named Partial-partition Avoiding Geographic Routing (PAGER), to solve the problem. The basic idea of PAGER is to divide a sensor network graph into functional sub-graphs, and provide each sensor node with message forwarding directions based on these sub-graphs. That results in loop-free short paths without memorization of traffics/paths in sensor nodes. We implement our algorithm in a protocol and evaluate it in sensor networks with different parameters. Results show that PAGER generates considerably shorter paths, higher delivery ratio and lower energy consumption than the Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing protocol. At the same time, PAGER achieves better performance in handling large-scale network than the Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector protocol.
INTRAHOUSEHOLD ALLOCATION AND GENDER RELATIONS: NEW EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM FOUR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Creators: name: Quisumbing, Agnes R.
name: Maluccio, John A.
name: Quisumbing, Agnes R.
name: Maluccio, John A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: The paper reviews recent theory and empirical evidence testing unitary versus collective models of the household. In contrast to the unitary model, the collective model posits that individuals within households have different preferences and do not pool their income. Moreover, the collective model predicts that intrahousehold allocations reflect differences in preferences and "bargaining power" of individuals within the household. Using new household data sets from Bangladesh, Indonesia, Ethiopia, and South Africa, we present measures of individual characteristics that are highly correlated with bargaining power, namely human capital and individually-controlled assets, evaluated at the time of marriage. In all country case studies we reject the unitary model as a description of household behavior, but to different degrees. Results suggest that assets controlled by women have a positive and significant effect on expenditure allocations toward the next generation, such as education and children's clothing. We also examine individual-level education outcomes and find that parents do not have identical preferences toward sons and daughters within or across countries.
Investigation of Co$_2$FeSi: The Heusler compound with Highest Curie Temperature and Magnetic Moment
Creators: name: Wurmehl, Sabine
name: Fecher, Gerhard H.
name: Kandpal, Hem Chandra
name: Ksenofontov, Vadim
name: Felser, Claudia
name: Lin, Hong-Ji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work reports on structural and magnetic investigations of the Heusler compound Co$_2$FeSi. X-Ray diffraction and Mößbauer spectrometry indicate an ordered $L2_1$ structure. Magnetic measurements by means of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and magnetometry revealed that this compound is, currently, the material with the highest magnetic moment ($6 μ_B$) and Curie-temperature (1100K) in the classes of Heusler compounds as well as half-metallic ferromagnets.
Compressive spectral image classification using 3D coded convolutional neural network
Creators: name: Zhang, Hao
name: Ma, Xu
name: Zhao, Xianhong
name: Arce, Gonzalo R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hyperspectral image classification (HIC) is an active research topic in remote sensing. Hyperspectral images typically generate large data cubes posing big challenges in data acquisition, storage, transmission and processing. To overcome these limitations, this paper develops a novel deep learning HIC approach based on compressive measurements of coded-aperture snapshot spectral imagers (CASSI), without reconstructing the complete hyperspectral data cube. A new kind of deep learning strategy, namely 3D coded convolutional neural network (3D-CCNN) is proposed to efficiently solve for the classification problem, where the hardware-based coded aperture is regarded as a pixel-wise connected network layer. An end-to-end training method is developed to jointly optimize the network parameters and the coded apertures with periodic structures. The accuracy of classification is effectively improved by exploiting the synergy between the deep learning network and coded apertures. The superiority of the proposed method is assessed over the state-of-the-art HIC methods on several hyperspectral datasets.
On the Circular Polarisation of Repeating Fast Radio Bursts
Creators: name: Dai, Shi
name: Lu, Jiguang
name: Wang, Chen
name: Wang, Weiyang
name: Xu, Renxin
name: Yang, Yuanpei
name: Zhang, Songbo
name: Hobbs, George
name: Li, Di
name: Luo, Rui
name: Filipovic, Miroslav
name: Jiang, Jinchen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast spinning (e.g., sub-second) neutron star with ultra-strong magnetic fields (or so-called magnetar) is one of the promising origins of repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs). Here we discuss circularly polarised emissions produced by propagation effects in the magnetosphere of fast spinning magnetars. We argue that the polarisation-limiting region is well beyond the light cylinder, suggesting that wave mode coupling effects are unlikely to produce strong circular polarisation for fast spinning magnetars. Cyclotron absorption could be significant if the secondary plasma density is high. However, high degrees of circular polarisation can only be produced with large asymmetries in electrons and positrons. We draw attention to the non-detection of circular polarisation in current observations of known repeating FRBs. We suggest that the circular polarisation of FRBs could provide key information on their origins and help distinguish different radiation mechanisms.
description: ApJ accepted
PAGER-M: A Novel Location-based Routing Protocol for Mobile Sensor Networks
Creators: name: Lu, Mi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 100503 Computer Communications Networks
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper we present a location-based routing protocol called Partial-partition Avoiding Geographic Routing-Mobile (PAGER-M), for mobile sensor networks that consist of frequently moving sensors. The protocol uses the location information of sensors and the base station to assign a cost function to each sensor node, which is close to the Euclidean length of a sensor node’s shortest path to the base station. A packet is forwarded to the base station using greedy forwarding whenever possible. When a packet reaches sensor nodes near local minimums, where greedy forwarding will be impossible after a number of hops, the packet is forwarded following the high-cost-to-low-cost rule. Extensive simulations are used to compare the performance of PAGER-M with Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) and Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector protocol (AODV) in mobile sensor networks. Experimental results show that PAGER-M achieves higher delivery ratio, lower routing overhead and lower energy consumption.
The Phantom Divide in String Gas Cosmology
Creators: name: McInnes, Brett
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the main virtues of string gas cosmology is that it resolves cosmological singularities. Since the Universe can be approximated by a locally asymptotically de Sitter spacetime by the end of the inflationary era, a singularity theorem implies that these cosmologies effectively violate the Null Energy Condition [not just the Strong Energy Condition]. We stress that this is an extremely robust result, which does not depend on assuming that the spatial sections remain precisely flat in the early Universe. This means, however, that it must be possible for string cosmologies to cross the recently much-discussed "phantom divide" [from w < -1 to w > -1, where w is the equation-of-state parameter]. This naturally raises the question as to whether the phantom divide can be crossed again, to account for recent observations suggesting that w < -1 at the present time. We argue that non-perturbative string effects rule out this possibility, even if the NEC violation in question is only "effective".
description: 29 pages, 5 eps figures, references added
Supplementary document for Information Theoretical Computational Lithography based on Pattern Density Statistics - 7411116.pdf
Creators: name: Wang, Bingyang
name: Ma, Xu
name: Liu, Jiamin
name: Jiang, Hao
name: Liu, Shiyuan
name: Arce, Gonzalo
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental Document
Large-size sub-keV sensitive germanium detectors for the CONUS experiment
Creators: name: Bonet, H.
name: Bonhomme, A.
name: Buck, C.
name: Fülber, K.
name: Hakenmüller, J.
name: Heusser, G.
name: Hugle, T.
name: Legras, J. B.
name: Lindner, M.
name: Maneschg, W.
name: Marian, V.
name: Rink, T.
name: Schröder, T.
name: Strecker, H.
name: Wink, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intense fluxes of reactor antineutrinos offer a unique possibility to probe the fully coherent character of elastic neutrino scattering off atomic nuclei. In this regard, detectors face the challenge to register tiny recoil energies of a few keV at the maximum. The CONUS experiment was installed in 17.1 m distance from the reactor core of the nuclear power plant in Brokdorf, Germany, and was designed to detect this neutrino interaction channel by using four 1 kg-sized point contact germanium detectors with sub-keV energy thresholds. This report describes the unique specifications addressed to the design, the research and development, and the final production of these detectors. It demonstrates their excellent electronic performance obtained during commissioning under laboratory conditions as well as during the first two years of operation at the reactor site which started on April 1, 2018. It highlights the long-term stability of different detector parameters and the achieved background levels of the germanium detectors inside the CONUS shield setup.
description: (18 pages, 12 figures)
Field induced linear magneto-elastic coupling in multiferroic TbMnO3
Creators: name: Aliouane, N.
name: Argyriou, D. N.
name: Strempfer, J.
name: Zegkinoglou, I.
name: Landsgesell, S.
name: Zimmermann, M. v.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used in-field neutron and X-ray single crystal diffraction to measure the incommensurability δ of the crystal and magnetic structure of multiferroic TbMnO3 . We show that the flop in the electric polarization at the critical field HC, for field H along the a− and b−axis coincides with a 1st order transition to a commensurate phase with propagation vector κ = (0, 1/4, 0). In-field X-ray diffraction measurements show that the quadratic magneto-elastic coupling breaks down with applied field as shown by the observation of the 1st harmonic lattice reflections above and below HC . This indicates that magnetic field induces a linear magneto-elastic coupling. We argue that the commensurate phase can be described by an ordering of Mn-O-Mn bond angles.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Kiaeroceras kaebliki Kröger, 2025, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Kröger, Björn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Cyrtogomphoceratidae
Kiaeroceras
Kiaeroceras kaebliki

description: Kiaeroceras kaebliki sp. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 50E19EA5-FCD5-4F44-8B9A-2A14C1789E05
Figs 37F, H, 40C, G
Diagnosis
Kiaeroceras with a CHI of 1.2, with an adult body chamber height of less than 40 mm; mature body chamber slightly longer than high (RBL ca 1.1).
Etymology
From the small bird Käblik (Estonian), referring to the small size of this species.
Type material
Holotype
ESTONIA • Vormsi Island, Saxby shore; Kõrgessaare Formation, Vormsi Regional Stage; GIT 878-31.
Paratypes
ESTONIA • 2 specs; same data as for holotype; GIT 426-1123, GIT 878-158 • 1 spec.; Sutlema quarry; Kõrgessaare Formation, Vormsi Regional Stage; GIT 878-163
Description
Specimen GIT 878-31 is an orthoconic fragment of a mature body chamber and parts of the phragmocone. At the base of the body chamber, the conch height is 37 mm and the width 32 mm (CHI = 1.2). The outer shell is not preserved but the conch surface was apparently smooth. The conch cross section is oval, the conch margin on the prosiphuncular side is more narrowly curved. The body chamber is 40 mm long and has a simple, straight peristome with an inconspicuous, wide hyponomic sinus, ca 3 mm deep, at the antisiphuncular side. The conch height is 34 mm at the peristome. In lateral view, the body chamber is slightly convex, its greatest width occurs at the adapical third of the length with a conch height of 38 mm. The phragmocone height increases from 35 mm to 37 mm at a length of 17 mm (angle of expansion = 7°). The sutures form wide, shallow lobes laterally and have a distance of 5 mm where the conch height is 37 mm (RCL = 0.14). The siphuncle (Fig. 37H) is nearly marginal with a septal foramen 4 mm in diameter, where the conch height is 37 mm (RSH = 0.11).
Specimen GIT 878-1123 is a fragment of a mature body chamber and eight chambers of the phragmocone (Fig. 40C, G). In this specimen, the ontogenetic change of the suture shape is well seen. At a conch height of ca 37 mm, the sutures are nearly straight and 5 mm distant (RCL = 0.14) and ca 20 mm further adorally the sutures form shallow lateral lobes, and are only 2–3 mm apart. The preserved part of the phragmocone is nearly tubular and straight. The siphuncular segments are expanded within the chambers and wide. Endosiphuncular bullettes deposits occur which protract in apical direction from the septal necks (Fig. 37F).
Comparison
This species of Kiaeroceras differs from all other species of the genus in having a small adult size of less than 40 mm conch height at the base of the mature body chamber.
description: Published as part of Kröger, Björn, 2025, The Lyckholm acme of cephalopods - Review of the late Katian (Vormsi-Pirgu regional stages) Ordovician cephalopods of Estonia, pp. 1-169 in European Journal of Taxonomy 978 on pages 107-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.978.2801, http://zenodo.org/record/14988376
Dynamic Updating DNA Computing Algorithms
Creators: name: Lu, Mi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 10399 Numerical and Computational Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It has been clearly shown that DNA computing can be used to solve those problems that are currently intractable on even the fastest electronic computers. For methods to design the algorithms for DNA computing, however, is not straightforward. To develop efficient DNA computing algorithms requires a strong background in both DNA molecule and computer engineering. All of these algorithms need to start over from the very beginning when their initial conditions change. It is very frustrating, especially when the initial condition change is very small. The existing models based on which a few DNA computing algorithms were developed are not able to accomplish the dynamic updating. People have been talking about the huge memory made possible through DNA computing due to the fact that each strand can be treated as both storage media and processor for a long time. Currently, there is no existing application that has used this huge memory because although it is easy to read from this memory, it is extremely hard to store data in it. Memories can only be ready after data has been stored. A new DNA computing model is introduced based on which new algorithms are developed to solve the 3-coloring problem. These algorithms are presented as vehicles to demonstrate the advantages of the new model. They can be expanded to solve other NP-complete problems. They have the advantage of dynamic updating, so answers can be changed when the initial conditions are modified. The new model takes advantage of this huge memory by generating “lookup tables” during the process of implementing the algorithms. When the initial conditions change, the answers are changed accordingly. The new model can be used to solve computationally intense problems both efficiently and attractively
High-order Finite Difference Modeling on Reconfigurable Computing Platform
Creators: name: Lu, Mi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 10399 Numerical and Computational Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: High-order finite difference schemes are always considered appropriate for seismic modeling applications because of their excellent numerical properties in dispersion, dissipation, and anisotropy. However, these algorithms are too computationally intensive to be used routinely, especially for 3D acoustic and elastic modeling cases. In this paper, an inexpensive Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based reconfigurable computing (RC) platform is proposed to accelerate the execution of ordinary second order and high-order FD schemes. Our early experiments demonstrated 4 X ~ 19 X performance improvements for different FD schemes comparing with their conventional pure software solutions running on a 3.0GHz referential Linux workstation. This RC platform is also consistent with the prevailing PC-Cluster systems and can achieve much better price-performance ratio along with much lower power consumption.
All-Optical Long-Distance Quantum Communication with Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill qubits
Creators: name: Fukui, Kosuke
name: Alexander, Rafael N.
name: van Loock, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum repeaters are a promising platform for realizing long-distance quantum communication and thus could form the backbone of a secure quantum internet, a scalable quantum network, or a distributed quantum computer. Repeater protocols that encode information in single- or multi-photon states are limited by transmission losses and the cost of implementing entangling gates or Bell measurements. In this work, we consider implementing a quantum repeater protocol using Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) qubits. These qubits are natural elements for quantum repeater protocols, because they allow for deterministic Gaussian entangling operations and Bell measurements, which can be implemented at room temperature. The GKP encoding is also capable of correcting small displacement errors. At the cost of additional Gaussian noise, photon loss can be converted into a random displacement error channel by applying a phase-insensitive amplifier. Here we show that a similar conversion can be achieved in two-way repeater protocols by using phase-sensitive amplification applied in the post-processing of the measurement data, resulting in less overall Gaussian noise per (sufficiently short) repeater segment. We also investigate concatenating the GKP code with higher level qubit codes while leveraging analog syndrome data, post-selection, and path-selection techniques to boost the rate of communication. We compute the secure key rates and find that GKP repeaters can achieve a comparative performance relative to methods based on photonic qubits while using orders-of-magnitude fewer qubits.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures. See also the related work by Rozpedek et al., npj Quantum Information 7 (1), 1-12 (2021)
Bi-GCN: Binary Graph Convolutional Network
Creators: name: Wang, Junfu
name: Wang, Yunhong
name: Yang, Zhen
name: Yang, Liang
name: Guo, Yuanfang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved tremendous success in graph representation learning. Unfortunately, current GNNs usually rely on loading the entire attributed graph into network for processing. This implicit assumption may not be satisfied with limited memory resources, especially when the attributed graph is large. In this paper, we pioneer to propose a Binary Graph Convolutional Network (Bi-GCN), which binarizes both the network parameters and input node features. Besides, the original matrix multiplications are revised to binary operations for accelerations. According to the theoretical analysis, our Bi-GCN can reduce the memory consumption by an average of ~30x for both the network parameters and input data, and accelerate the inference speed by an average of ~47x, on the citation networks. Meanwhile, we also design a new gradient approximation based back-propagation method to train our Bi-GCN well. Extensive experiments have demonstrated that our Bi-GCN can give a comparable performance compared to the full-precision baselines. Besides, our binarization approach can be easily applied to other GNNs, which has been verified in the experiments.
description: Accepted by CVPR 2021 as oral presentation
Parametric or Nonparametric Approaches to the Estimation of Marginal Cost in Dairy Production? A Comparison of Estimation Results
Creators: name: Wieck, Christine
name: Heckelei, Thomas
name: Wieck, Christine
name: Heckelei, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Dairy production
subject: marginal costs
subject: nonparametric regression

description: This paper compares various nonparametric models for the estimation of farm specific marginal costs function in the dairy sector. Specifically, locally weighted regression approaches using theory-consistent cost function frameworks as polynomials in the nonparametric approach are applied. A comparison of average marginal cost levels as well as marginal cost distributions across farms illustrates the different approaches.
Phase Space Reconstruction and Nonlinear Equilibrium Dynamics in the United States Beef Market
Creators: name: McCullough, Michael
name: Marsh, Thomas L.
name: Huffaker, Ray G.
name: McCullough, Michael
name: Marsh, Thomas L.
name: Huffaker, Ray G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: nonlinear time series
subject: phase space reconstruction
subject: food safety
subject: health effects

description: This paper investigates dynamic interactions in the US beef market using phase space reconstruction, which has been developed to analyze nonlinear dynamical systems. This approach provides important and unique empirical insights into consumers' behavior in the beef market. Our results from a phase space reconstruction analysis demonstrate distinct differences between intertemporal short run impacts from food safety outbreaks (e.g., E. Coli) and longer run health effects (e.g., cholesterol). Adjustments due to factors such as cholesterol are permanent changes and do not affect the manner by which people consume, while consumers react to food safety scares by adjusting consumption for a short period of time and then returning to their normal steady state cycle of consumption.
The baryonic specific angular momentum of disc galaxies
Creators: name: Piña, Pavel E. Mancera
name: Posti, Lorenzo
name: Fraternali, Filippo
name: Adams, Elizabeth A. K.
name: Oosterloo, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) Specific angular momentum is one of the key parameters that control the evolution of galaxies. We derive the baryonic specific angular momentum of disc galaxies and study its relation with the dark matter specific angular momentum. Using a combination of high-quality HI rotation curves and HI/near-IR surface densities, we homogeneously measure the stellar ($j_{\rm *}$) and gas ($j_{\rm gas}$) specific angular momenta for a large sample of local disc galaxies. This allows us to determine the baryonic specific angular momentum ($j_{\rm bar}$) with high accuracy and across a very wide range of masses. The $j_{\ast}-M_\ast$ relation is an unbroken power-law from $7 \lesssim$ log($M_\ast$/$M_\odot) \lesssim 11.5$, with slope $0.54 \pm 0.02$. For the gas component, we find that the $j_{\rm gas}-M_{\rm gas}$ relation is also an unbroken power-law from $6 \lesssim$ log($M_{\rm gas}$/$M_\odot) \lesssim 11$, with a steeper slope of $1.02 \pm 0.04$. Regarding the baryonic relation, our data support a correlation characterized by single power-law with slope $0.60 \pm 0.02$. Our most massive spirals and smallest dwarfs lie along the same $j_{\rm bar}-M_{\rm bar}$ sequence. While the relations are tight and unbroken, we find internal correlations inside them: At fixed $M_\ast$, galaxies with larger $j_\ast$ have larger disc scale lengths, and at fixed $M_{\rm bar}$, gas-poor galaxies have lower $j_{\rm bar}$ than expected. We estimate the retained fraction of baryonic specific angular momentum, finding it constant across our entire mass range with a value of $\sim 0.6$, indicating that the $j_{\rm bar}$ of present-day disc galaxies is comparable to the initial specific angular momentum of their dark matter haloes. These results set important constraints for hydrodynamical simulations and semi-analytical models aiming to reproduce galaxies with realistic specific angular momenta.
description: Matching the published version of January (2021A&A...647A..76M) The full version of the main table is available at https://www.dropbox.com/s/xizhjqiuahqbdtp/tbsam.dat
Future of low-x forward physics at RHIC
Creators: name: Bland, L. C.
name: Bieser, F.
name: Brown, R. L.
name: Crawford, H. J.
name: Derevshchikov, A. A.
name: Drachenberg, J. L.
name: Engelage, J.
name: Eun, L.
name: Gagliardi, C. A.
name: Heppelmann, S.
name: Judd, E. G.
name: Kravtsov, V. I.
name: Matulenko, Yu. A.
name: Meschanin, A. P.
name: Morozov, D. A.
name: Nogach, L. V.
name: Nurushev, S. B.
name: Ogawa, A.
name: Perkins, C.
name: Rakness, G.
name: Shestermanov, K. E.
name: Vasiliev, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rapidity dependence of inclusive and coincident particle production in d(p)+Au collisions at RHIC can be used to probe nuclear parton distribution functions down to small momentum fractions where theory anticipates that parton saturation could be present. This paper describes how such experiments could be completed.
description: Contribution to the Hard Probes 2004 proceedings, 8 pages, 6 figures
NONPECUNIARY BENEFITS TO FARMING AND DECOUPLED PAYMENTS
Creators: name: Key, Nigel D.
name: Roberts, Michael J.
name: Key, Nigel D.
name: Roberts, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Decoupled payments
subject: government payments
subject: nonpecuniary benefits
subject: labor supply
subject: trade

description: The first part of this paper presents a simple labor supply and production model wherein farmers with diminishing marginal utility of income derive nonpecuniary benefits from farming. We use the model to show how lump-sum or 'decoupled' government payments could have positive and substantial effects on the supply of agricultural products. The result is simple and intuitive: payments allow those who enjoy farming to continue farming while maintaining a reasonably high living standard. Without payments, a lower living standard leads to higher marginal utility of income, making higher off-farm wages more desirable than lower on-farm wages plus non-pecuniary benefits from farming. Farmers respond to a reduction in payments by shifting their labor off-farm or exiting farming. This effect on labor supply and production is potentially much larger than effects predicted by earlier theoretical models that rely on utility with declining absolute risk aversion. The second part of this paper estimates the hourly nonpecuniary benefits to farming, for farms where the operator or spouse works off-farm, by comparing returns to household labor on-farm and off-farm. Results indicate substantial nonpecuniary benefits to farming. The empirical findings support a necessary (though not sufficient) condition for lump-sum payments having a substantial influence on production via an income effect.
Prestack Kirchhoff Time Migration on High Performance Reconfigurable Computing Platform
Creators: name: Lu, Mi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80203 Computational Logic and Formal Languages
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 10399 Numerical and Computational Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A reconfigurable computing (RC) platform called SPACE (Seismic data Processing Accelerator with reconfigurable Engine) is proposed to accelerate the execution of 3D prestack Kirchhoff time migration (PSTM) based on the optimized 6th order NMO Correction technology (Sun et. al. 2002). Our simulations demonstrated up to 22 X performance improvement on the proposed RC platform comparing with the pure software solution running on a P4 2.4 GHz referential Linux workstation. This RC platform is also consistent with prevailing PC-Cluster systems and can achieve much better price-performance ratio along with much lower power consumption.
Virtual Distillation for Quantum Error Mitigation
Creators: name: Huggins, William J.
name: McArdle, Sam
name: O'Brien, Thomas E.
name: Lee, Joonho
name: Rubin, Nicholas C.
name: Boixo, Sergio
name: Whaley, K. Birgitta
name: Babbush, Ryan
name: McClean, Jarrod R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Contemporary quantum computers have relatively high levels of noise, making it difficult to use them to perform useful calculations, even with a large number of qubits. Quantum error correction is expected to eventually enable fault-tolerant quantum computation at large scales, but until then it will be necessary to use alternative strategies to mitigate the impact of errors. We propose a near-term friendly strategy to mitigate errors by entangling and measuring $M$ copies of a noisy state $ρ$. This enables us to estimate expectation values with respect to a state with dramatically reduced error, $ρ^M/ \mathrm{Tr}(ρ^M)$, without explicitly preparing it, hence the name "virtual distillation". As $M$ increases, this state approaches the closest pure state to $ρ$, exponentially quickly. We analyze the effectiveness of virtual distillation and find that it is governed in many regimes by the behavior of this pure state (corresponding to the dominant eigenvector of $ρ$). We numerically demonstrate that virtual distillation is capable of suppressing errors by multiple orders of magnitude and explain how this effect is enhanced as the system size grows. Finally, we show that this technique can improve the convergence of randomized quantum algorithms, even in the absence of device noise.
Revisiting the population of Galactic open clusters
Creators: name: Piskunov, A. E.
name: Kharchenko, N. V.
name: Röser, S.
name: Schilbach, E.
name: Scholz, R. -D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of a study of the galactic open cluster population based on the all-sky catalogue ASCC-2.5 (I/280A) compiled from Tycho-2, Hipparcos and other catalogues. The sample of optical clusters from ASCC-2.5 is complete up to about 850 pc from the Sun. The symmetry plane of the clusters' distribution is determined to be at $Z_0=-22\pm4$ pc, and the scale height of open clusters is only $56\pm3$ pc. The total surface density and volume density in the symmetry plane are $Σ=$ 114 kpc$^{-2}$ and $D(Z_0)=1015$ kpc$^{-3}$, respectively. We find the total number of open clusters in the Galactic disk to be of order of 10$^5$ at present. Fluctuations in the spatial and velocity distributions are attributed to the existence of four open cluster complexes (OCCs) of different ages containing up to a few tens of clusters. Members in an OCC show the same kinematic behaviour, and a narrow age spread. We find, that the youngest cluster complex, OCC~1 ($\log t<7.9$), with 19 deg inclination to the Galactic plane, is apparently a signature of Gould's Belt. The most abundant OCC~2 complex has moderate age ($\log t\approx8.45$). The clusters of the Perseus-Auriga group, having the same age as OCC~2, but different kinematics are seen in breaks between Perseus-Auriga clouds. The oldest ($\log t\approx8.85$) and sparsest group was identified due to a large motion in the Galactic anticentre direction. Formation rate and lifetime of open clusters are found to be $0.23\pm0.03$ kpc$^{-2}$Myr$^{-1}$ and 322$\pm$31 Myr, respectively. This implies a total number of cluster generations in the history of the Galaxy between 30 to 40. We estimate that less than about 10% of the total Galactic stellar disk population has ever passed an open cluster membership.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures, Fig2ab, Fig.7, Fig.8 and Fig.10 are only available as jpeg files, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Learning by mirror averaging
Creators: name: Juditsky, A.
name: Rigollet, P.
name: Tsybakov, A. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G08 (Primary) 62C20, 62G05, 62G20 (Secondary)

description: Given a finite collection of estimators or classifiers, we study the problem of model selection type aggregation, that is, we construct a new estimator or classifier, called aggregate, which is nearly as good as the best among them with respect to a given risk criterion. We define our aggregate by a simple recursive procedure which solves an auxiliary stochastic linear programming problem related to the original nonlinear one and constitutes a special case of the mirror averaging algorithm. We show that the aggregate satisfies sharp oracle inequalities under some general assumptions. The results are applied to several problems including regression, classification and density estimation.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AOS546 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Two Pion Production in Photon Induced Reactions
Creators: name: Schadmand, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Differences in the photoproduction of mesons on the free proton and on nuclei are expected to reveal changes in the properties of hadrons. Inclusive studies of nuclear photoabsorption have provided evidence of medium modifications. However, the results have not been explained in a model independent way. A deeper understanding of the situation is anticipated from a detailed experimental study of meson photoproduction from nuclei in exclusive reactions. In the energy regime above the Delta(1232) resonance, the dominant double pion production channels are of particular interest. Double pion photoproduction from nuclei is also used to investigate the in-medium modification of meson-meson interactions.
description: Proceedings of the Workshop on Hadron Physics, Puri, India, 2005
Supplemental Information for: Photosynthetic carbon cycling signal preserved in carbonate δ13C values of ancient thrombolites
Creators: name: Snell, Kathryn
name: Clyde, Will
name: Hagen, Cedric
name: Olsen-Valdez, Juliana
name: Widlansky, Sarah
name: Trower, Lizzy
Publisher: name: OSF
Year: 2025

description: Supplemental material for the manuscript "Photosynthetic carbon cycling signal preserved in d13C values of ancient thrombolites." This repository includes a Supplemental Material document with additional text, figures, and tables. This repository also includes a folder with data spreadsheets and R script for averaging and plotting d13C data and a folder with the R script for running the version of the diurnal carbon cycling model used in this study.
Spatial Aggregation and Weather Risk Management
Creators: name: Woodard, Joshua D.
name: Garcia, Philip
name: Woodard, Joshua D.
name: Garcia, Philip
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: weather derivatives
subject: spatial aggregation
subject: corn
subject: yield risk
subject: crop insurance
subject: hedging

description: Previous studies identify limited potential efficacy of weather derivatives in hedging agricultural exposures. In contrast to earlier studies which investigate the problem at low levels of aggregation, we find using straight forward temperature contracts that better weather hedging opportunities exist at higher levels of spatial aggregation. Aggregating production exposures reduces idiosyncratic (i.e. localized or region specific) risk, leaving a greater proportion of the total risk in the form of systemic weather risk which can be effectively hedged using weather derivatives. The aggregation effect suggests that the potential for weather derivatives in agriculture may be greater than previously thought, particularly for aggregators of risk such as re/insurers.
Post-processing of DCT-based image and video decoded data in error-prone environments
Creators: name: Shirani, Shahram
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Compressed image and video bit streams are very sensitive to channel errors and may be altered or lost during transmission. Error concealment by post-processing intends to reconstruct lost visual information by exploiting the correlation between the image/video data. The applications of concealment of errors in coded visual information include visual communication over unreliable channels such as wireless networks and the Internet. For most types of encoders and input data, coded visual information consists of a collection of coded texture (DCT coefficients), shape and motion information. In this thesis we present concealment methods for errors in texture and shape information, and address the concealment of errors in motion data in conjunction with its corresponding texture or shape information. The method developed for concealment of errors in coded texture involves compensation of the effects of the missing data on the rest of the texture information and then using, a deterministic or a statistical algorithm for the restoration of missing information. The deterministic algorithm achieves a good performance level in the reconstruction of edges. The statistical algorithm which is based on maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation, employs an adaptive Markov random field (MRF) as the image a-priori model. The adaptation enables the estimation procedure to incorporate more information without a dramatic increase in computational complexity. MAP estimation is also employed for the reconstruction of missing shape data. Although it uses an adaptive MRF, the estimator is different in the sense that it is designed for binary shape information. In the second part of the thesis, we evaluate the performance of the developed concealment methods for three different types of coded visual data: baseline JPEG coded still images, H.263 coded video and MPEG-4 coded video. Our experimental results demonstrate that the methods presented in this thesis achieve consistently good computation-performance tradeoffs, making them very beneficial for real time communication over error prone networks. In fact, the proposed error concealment methods can lead to acceptable visual quality at loss rates as high as 20%.
Ruf, Walter (Hrsg.), Evangelische Mission, Jahrbuch 1973
Creators: name: Boeckler, Richard
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 22 Nr. 3 (1973): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 22, Heft 3