cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Identity in Black and White: Indian Boarding School Postcards
Creators: name: Adams, Shae Ann
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: digital history
historiography
Indian boarding schools
postcards

description: During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, thousands of American Indian children attended off-reservation boarding schools where administrators hoped to assimilate students into mainstream Anglo society. To achieve this goal, administrators forcefully changed the outward appearances of students while depriving them of their own languages and traditions. Postcards of these schools were sold to school curious school outsiders. This thesis examines those postcards in relation to the myriad of student experiences within the framework on an online exhibition. The exhibit argues that students found ways to shape their own experiences at the boarding schools through resistance and delicate cultural navigation. The various decisions students made while attending school impacted the evolution of personal and inter-tribal identities, transforming individuals and tribes alike. In addition, the exhibition provokes visitors to consider the tension that existed between administrator goals and the lived realities of students in the context of manufactured postcard imagery.
A Model of Intra-seasonal Oscillations in the Earth atmosphere
Creators: name: Kartashova, Elena
name: L'vov, Victor S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest a way of rationalizing an intra-seasonal oscillations (IOs) of the Earth atmospheric flow as four meteorological relevant triads of interacting planetary waves, isolated from the system of all the rest planetary waves. Our model is independent of the topography (mountains, etc.) and gives a natural explanation of IOs both in the North and South Hemispheres. Spherical planetary waves are an example of a wave mesoscopic system obeying discrete resonances that also appears in other areas of physics.
description: 4 pages, 2 figs, Submitted to PRL
Film flip and transfer process to enhance light harvesting in ultrathin absorber films on specular back-reflectors
Creators: name: Kay, Asaf
name: Scherrer, Barbara
name: Piekner, Yifat
name: Malviya, Kirtiman Deo
name: Grave, Daniel A
name: Dotan, Hen
name: Rothschild, Avner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical interference is used to enhance light-matter interaction and harvest broadband light in ultrathin semiconductor absorber films on specular back-reflectors. However, the high-temperature processing in oxygen atmosphere required for oxide absorbers often degrades metallic back-reflectors and their specular reflectance. In order to overcome this problem, we present a newly developed film flip and transfer process that allows for high-temperature processing without degradation of the metallic back-reflector and without the need of passivation interlayers. The film flip and transfer process improves the performance of photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting comprising ultrathin (< 20 nm) hematite (Fe2O3) films on silver-gold alloy (90 at% Ag-10 at% Au) back-reflectors. We obtain specular back-reflectors with high reflectance below hematite films, which is necessary for maximizing the productive light absorption in the hematite film and minimizing non-productive absorption in the back-reflector. Furthermore, the film flip and transfer process opens up a new route to attach thin film stacks onto a wide range of substrates including flexible or temperature sensitive materials.
Orphnebius jumlaicus ASSING 2006
Creators: name: Assing, Volker
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Orphnebius
Orphnebius jumlaicus

description: Orphnebius jumlaicus ASSING, 2006
Material examined Nepal: 1♂, 1♀, Karnali province, Jumla district, 2 km W Gothichaur, 2700 m, 20.V.1995, leg. Weigel (NME); 1♀, Karnali province, Munigaon, Babila river, 2500 m, 4.V.1995, leg. Weigel (NME); 1♂, Jumla district, 2 km W Churta, 2900 m, pitfall trap, 19.V.1995, leg. Weigel (cAss); 1♀, Jumla district, Jumla env., 23.V.1995, leg. Weigel (cAss). All the above specimens have the following identification label attached to them: " Orphnebius hauseri Epp., det. R. Pace 2003"; 1♂, Karnali prov., Jumla distr., Maharigaon, 29°20'N, 82°23'E, 3250 m, 8.-9.VII.1999, leg. Hartmann (NME); 1♂, same data, but 3200 m, 16.VI.1977, leg. Weipert (NME); 1♂, Karnali prov., Jumla distr., 14 km E Jumla, Jharjwala, 2600 m, stream valley, 23.V.1995, leg. Hartmann (NME); 8 exs., Karnali prov., Jumla distr., Gothichaur, 29°12'N, 82°18'E, 2850 m, forest, pitfall, 13.VI.1997, leg. Weigel (NME, cAss); 1 ex., 2 km W Gothichaur, 29°12'N, 82°19'E, 2850 m, 13.VI.1997, leg. Hartmann (NME); 1 ex., Gothichaur, 29°12'N, 82°19'E, 2900-3100 m, 12.VI.1997, leg. Weipert (cAss). Kashmir: 1 ex., Aru, X.1977, leg. Franz (NHMW); 5 exs., Pahalgam, X.1977, leg. Franz (NHMW, cAss). India: 1 ex., Himachal Pradesh, Katrain near Kulu [PA358], leg. Franz (cAss).
Comment: Orphnebius jumlaicus was previously known only from Jumla district in West Nepal (ASSING 2006a). The above records from Himachal Pradesh and Kashmir considerably expand the known distribution westwards. Some of the above material from West Nepal had been misidentified as O. hauseri.
description: Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2015, On the Orphnebius fauna of the East Palaearctic region. VI. Six new species from China and Taiwan, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini), pp. 101-125 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 47 (1) on page 105, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5413940
Sensitivity of transfer cross sections to the bound-state wave functions
Creators: name: Shubhchintak
name: Descouvemont, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We test the sensitivity of transfer reactions to the bound state wave functions within a distorted wave Born approximation formalism. Using supersymmetric transformations, we remove the Pauli-forbidden states from the two-body potentials and generate an equivalent supersymmetric partner. Wave functions from these potentials have the same asymptotics, but they differ in the nuclear interior. This allows us to study the influence of the nuclear interior on transfer cross sections. We apply the calculations to the $^{16}$O($d, p$)$^{17}$O and $^{12}$C($^7$Li, $t$)$^{16}$O reactions, which are typical examples of nucleon and $α$ transfer, respectively. The spectroscopic factors for $^{17}$O are decreased by about 30\% when using supersymmetric potentials. For $^{16}$O, the differences are smaller. However, we show that ambiguities exist in the determination of the spectroscopic factors, due to the choice of the angular range where the fit is performed.
description: Accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
ICEDIG - Data Management Plan
Creators: name: Saarenmaa Hannu
name: Agosti Donat
name: Chagnoux Simon
name: Emily, Van Egmond
name: Groom Quenting
name: Hardisty Alex
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: ICEDIG is a design study for the proposed new research infrastructure Distributed System of Scientific
 Collections (DiSSCo), focusing on the issues around digitisation of the collections and making their data
 freely and openly available following the FAIR principles (data being Findable, Accessible, Interoperable,
 and Re-usable).
 As a design study, ICEDIG does not implement anything in an operational fashion, and therefore the
 amount of research data which ICEDIG will deal with is limited. DiSSCo, on the other hand, is expected to
 deal with huge amounts of data. The data management plan (DMP) for DiSSCo will be produced as one of
 the design documents of ICEDIG. In other words, ICEDIG will produce two data management plans: one for
 ICEDIG and another for DiSSCo.
 In order to achieve its objectives, ICEDIG will carry out a number of tasks, including specific pilots which
 may produce limited amounts of research data. ICEDIG will also deploy large volumes of already existing
 research data in order to explore how it can best be pooled in the available European Open Science Cloud
 infrastructures.
 This data management plan follows the Horizon 2020 DMP template, which has been designed to be
 applicable to any Horizon 2020 project that produces, collects or processes research data. The template is a
 set of questions that have been answered with a level of detail appropriate to the project. It has been
 understood that the DMP is a living document which may be updates as the implementation of the project
 progresses and when significant changes occur.
Energy efficiency of slotted LoRaWAN communication with out-of-band synchronization
Creators: name: Beltramelli, Luca
name: Mahmood, Aamir
name: Österberg, Patrik
name: Gidlund, Mikael
name: Ferrari, Paolo
name: Sisinni, Emiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Although the idea of using wireless links for covering large areas is not new, the advent of LPWANs has recently started changing the game. Simple, robust, narrowband modulation schemes permit the implementation of low-cost radio devices offering high receiver sensitivity, thus improving the overall link budget. The several technologies belonging to the LPWAN family, including the well-known LoRaWAN solution, provide a cost-effective answer to many Internet-of-things (IoT) applications, requiring wireless communication capable of supporting large networks of many devices (e.g., smart metering). Generally, the adopted MAC strategy is based on pure ALOHA, which, among other things, allows to minimize the traffic overhead under constrained duty cycle limitations of the unlicensed bands. Unfortunately, ALOHA suffers from poor scalability, rapidly collapsing in dense networks. This work investigates the design of an improved LoRaWAN MAC scheme based on slotted ALOHA. In particular, the required time dissemination is provided by out-of-band communications leveraging on FM-RDS broadcasting. An experimental setup based on low-cost hardware is used to characterize the obtainable synchronization performance and derive a timing error model. Consequently, improvements in success probability and energy efficiency have been validated by means of simulations in very large networks with up to 10000 nodes. It is shown that the advantage of the proposed scheme over conventional LoRaWAN communication is up to 100% when short update time and large payload are required. Similar results are obtained regarding the energy efficiency improvement, which is close to 100% for relatively short transmission intervals and long message duration; however, due to the additional overhead for listening to the time dissemination messages, efficiency gain can be negative for short-duration messages fastly repeating.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, to appear in IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
Hilltop: A Historic African American Community
Creators: name: Alexander, Dorothy Beyer
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: African American
Community Activism
Ellicott City
Fels Lane
Housing
Race

description: In 1969, Howard County built Hilltop, a public housing development for the local African American community who lived on Fels Lane in Ellicott City. This community lived in substandard housing: many houses lacked proper fire safety and sanitation facilities. In the 1960s, the community organized around the issue of decent housing; it created the Fels Lane Neighborhood Association and the Ellicott City Civic Club with the goal of not only appealing to the County to build better housing, but have representation in development planning. When Howard County demolished Hilltop in 2011, it not only dislocated a strong community, but evidence of local African American history. This thesis addresses the history of the Fels Lane community, specifically housing related community activism, and argues that demolished places such as Fels Lane and Hilltop are anchors of memory for local African American communities. Interpreting the history of these places reveals how black communities responded to housing discrimination. Included are oral history transcripts and drafts of historic signage for on-site interpretation of community activism.
GEORGE WASHINGTON'S LABORING WOMEN: AN EXAMINATION OF THE WORK AND LIVES OF THE ENSLAVED FEMALE FIELD WORKERS AT MOUNT VERNON'S OUTLYING PLANTATIONS, 1785-1787
Creators: name: Donnelly, Theresa L.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: Enslaved Women
Field workers
George Washington
Plantation
Slavery

description: Abstract: The strenuous labor of the enslaved women who worked as unskilled hands on the outlying properties at George Washington's Mount Vernon is the focus of this thesis.  Through a close examination of Washington's farm and plantation records from 1785-87 as well as scrutiny of his diary entries, letters, and other writings from this time period, this thesis crafts a detailed picture of the kinds of work women enslaved at Mount Vernon's outlying farms carried out and how they dealt with so-called gang work assignment patterns.  Moreover, it sheds light on these women's roles as nursing, pregnant, and caregiving mothers within the context of their demanding work lives.  This thesis posits that though enslaved men were certainly pivotal in the transition to diversified agriculture in the eighteenth-century Chesapeake, enslaved women performed many of the tasks that were vital to the success of that transition at Mount Vernon. Finally, this thesis argues that the fact that women did many of the monotonous and difficult tasks that were key this transition paved the way for enslaved men to gain opportunities for skilled labor.
Plasma induced neutrino radiative decay instead of neutrino spin light
Creators: name: Kuznetsov, A. V.
name: Mikheev, N. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conversion nu_L -> nu_R gamma^* of a neutrino with a magnetic moment is considered, caused by the additional Wolfenstein energy acquired by a left-handed neutrino in medium, with an accurate taking account of the photon γ^* dispersion in medium. It is shown that the threshold arises in the process, caused by the photon (plasmon) effective mass. This threshold leaves no room for the so-called "neutrino spin light" in the most of astrophysical situations.
description: 7 pages, LaTeX, 1 EPS figure, submitted to Modern Physics Letters A
Executive Privilege and the Spirit of Republicanism in the Washington Administration
Creators: name: Warner, David
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014
Subjects: congress
early republic
executive privilege
george washington
nixon
wolkinson

description: Executive privilege is the term commonly associated with the authority of the President of the United States to withhold information from Congress or the courts.  President George Washington first exercised the power of executive privilege and his precedent is regularly cited as support for the legitimacy and scope of the privilege.  Washington is generally considered by modern scholars as having used executive privilege in a limited way and only in the best interests of the public.  However, a closer examination of the political history of the Federalist Era and the context in which the President exercised the privilege suggests that Washington may have also used executive privilege to achieve domestic political goals that primarily served the best interests of the President and his administration.
Application of Attributables to the Correlation of Surveillance Radar Measurements
Creators: name: Reihs, Benedikt
name: Vananti, Alessandro
name: Schildknecht, Thomas
name: Siminski, Jan
name: Flohrer, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Space surveillance by radar is especially used for the low Earth orbit to maintain a database, also called catalogue, of objects on orbit. Among others, surveillance radars which are constantly scanning a region of interest in the sky are used for this purpose. The detections from such a radar which cannot be assigned to an already known catalogue object might not contain enough information to obtain a reliable initial orbit for a new catalogue entry from a single measured pass, also called tracklet. Instead, two tracklets can be combined to improve the quality of the initial orbit which leads to the correlation problem. This means that it has to be tested whether two tracklets belong to the same object and an initial orbit has to be derived by combining the tracklets. A common approach to condense the information in the tracklet is fitting them with so-called attributables. Because radar observations include different types of observables, the fitting of these attributables has to be considered as an important part of the entire correlation process. This paper analyses the effect of the attributable fitting considering the achieved accuracy and influence on the tracklet correlation. A new singularity-free coordinate system is introduced, which improves the results of the fitting and correlation. Finally, a test on a simulated survey scenario introduces two additional filters to remove false positive correlations. It is shown that the attributable-based approach can be applied successfully to tracklets of up to three minutes length with different detection frequencies.
description: 36 pages, 33 figures
Reconfigurable neuromorphic synapse interconnects with TFT
Creators: name: Soeren Steudel
name: Myny, Kris
name: J. Stuijt
name: F. Catthoor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Every neuron in a human brain is connected via its synapses to 10-15.000 other neurons. Those connections can over time be reconfigured allowing new connections with any other neuron. But only few of the longer connections are concurrently active. BEOL TFT should enable large scale reconfigurable interconnect that allows to connect every neuron with every neuron even across the whole neuromorphic IC but with only limited amount of them concurrently active.
Supporting learners in a remote computer-supported collaborative learning environment: the importance of task and communication
Creators: name: Graves, David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This paper describes novel research in the area of remote Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. A multimedia activity (Builder) was designed to allow a pair of players to build a house together, each working from his or her own computer. Features of the activity include: interactive graphical interface, two- and three-dimensional views, sound feedback, and real-time written and spoken communication. Mathematical concepts, including area, perimeter, volume, and tiling of surfaces, are embedded in the task.' Afield study with 134 elementary school children was undertaken to assess the learning and collaborative potential of the activity. Specifically, the study addressed how different modes of communication and different task directives affected learning, interpersonal attitudes, and the perceived value and enjoyment of the task. It was found that playing led to academic gains in the target math areas, and that the nature of how the task was specified had a significant impact on the size of the gains. The mode of communication was found to affect attitudes toward the game and toward the player's partner. Gender differences were found in attitude toward the game, perceived collaboration and attitude toward partner.
Beer Wars: The Fight for Independent Brewing in Progressive Era Baltimore
Creators: name: Carroll, William John
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: Baltimore
beer
brewing
culture
German
immigrant

description: The closing decades of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century saw a great deal of change in the United States of America.  Rapid technological advancement changed how businesses operated and how ownership interacted with their workers.  The beer brewing industry in Baltimore was one such industry that was drastically altered by new equipment and production methods.  When the Maryland Brewing Company was formed in 1899 with the express purpose of absorbing as many Baltimore breweries as possible under one ownership and management, some brewers fought back as independent firms seeking to preserve the quality and tradition of the craft.  Simultaneously, labor unions emerged to combat the economic and social inequities arising in the wake of industrialization.  This caused the German-American community in Baltimore to fracture along class lines.  The middle and upper classes sought the support of the working class within their community to help reassert their unique cultural heritage in the face of increasing external pressure to assimilate.  The experiences of the Baltimore brewers run parallel to and act as a window on the German-American struggle for cultural expression among pressure to assimilate.
Hot exciton relaxation in coupled ultra-thin CdTe/ZnTe quantum well structures
Creators: name: Agekyan, V.
name: Budkin, G.
name: Chukeev, M.
name: Filosofov, N.
name: Karczewski, G.
name: Serov, A.
name: Reznitsky, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The photoluminescence (PL) and PL excitation (PLE) spectra of CdTe/ZnTe asymmetric double quantum well (QW) structures are studied on a series of samples containing two CdTe layers with nominal thicknesses of 2 and 4 monolayers (ML) in the ZnTe matrix. The samples differ in the thickness of the ZnTe spacer between CdTe QWs which is 45, 65 and 75 ML. It has been found that at above-barrier excitation the PL from a shallow QW at sufficiently weak excitation intensities is determined by recombination of hot excitons. It is shown that under these conditions, when PL is excited by lasers with different wavelengths, the ratio of the PL intensities from shallow and deep QWs decreases exponentially with an increase of the initial kinetic energy of hot excitons. It is found that energy relaxation of hot excitons with LO phonon emission determine the shape of the PLE spectrum of shallow QW in the range of exciton kinetic energies up to more than 20 LO phonons above ZnTe bandgap. We have shown that the results obtained are well described by the model of charge and energy transfer between QWs.
Inflating branes inside abelian strings
Creators: name: Brihaye, Y.
name: Delsate, T.
name: Hartmann, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a 6-dimensional brane world model with an abelian string residing in the two extra dimensions. We study both static as well as inflating branes and find analytic solutions for the case of trivial matter fields in the bulk. Next to singular space-times, we also find solutions which are regular including cigar-like universes as well as solutions with periodic metric functions. These latter solutions arise if in a singular space-time a static brane is replaced by an inflating brane. We determine the pattern of generic solutions for positive, negative and zero bulk cosmological constant.
description: 14 Latex pages, 11 postscript figures; references added, discussion extended; reference added
Resolution as Intersection Subtyping via Modus Ponens
Creators: name: Marntirosian, Koar
name: Schrijvers, Tom
name: Oliveira, Bruno C. d. S.
name: Karachalias, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Resolution and subtyping are two common mechanisms in programming languages. Resolution is used by features such as type classes or Scala-style implicits to synthesize values automatically from contextual type information. Subtyping is commonly used to automatically convert the type of a value into another compatible type. So far the two mechanisms have been considered independently of each other. This paper shows that, with a small extension, subtyping with intersection types can subsume resolution. This has three main consequences. Firstly, resolution does not need to be implemented as a separate mechanism. Secondly, the interaction between resolution and subtyping becomes apparent. Finally, the integration of resolution into subtyping enables first-class (implicit) environments. The extension that recovers the power of resolution via subtyping is the modus ponens rule of propositional logic. While it is easily added to declarative subtyping, significant care needs to be taken to retain desirable properties, such as transitivity and decidability of algorithmic subtyping, and coherence. To materialize these ideas we develop $λ_i^{\mathsf{MP}}$, a calculus that extends a iprevious calculus with disjoint intersection types, and develop its metatheory in the Coq theorem prover.
description: 43 pages, 20 figures; typos corrected, link to artifact added
Similarity-based data mining for online domain adaptation of a sonar ATR system
Creators: name: de Bodinat, Jean
name: Guerneve, Thomas
name: Vazquez, Jose
name: Jegorova, Marija
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Due to the expensive nature of field data gathering, the lack of training data often limits the performance of Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) systems. This problem is often addressed with domain adaptation techniques, however the currently existing methods fail to satisfy the constraints of resource and time-limited underwater systems. We propose to address this issue via an online fine-tuning of the ATR algorithm using a novel data-selection method. Our proposed data-mining approach relies on visual similarity and outperforms the traditionally employed hard-mining methods. We present a comparative performance analysis in a wide range of simulated environments and highlight the benefits of using our method for the rapid adaptation to previously unseen environments.
description: Accepted for publication in IEEE OCEANS2020
Quantum Entanglement in the S=1/2 Spin Ladder with Ring Exchange
Creators: name: Song, Jun-Liang
name: Gu, Shi-Jian
name: Lin, Hai-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the concurrence and the block-block entanglement in the $S=1/2$ spin ladder with four-spin ring exchange by the exact diagonalization method of finite cluster of spins. The relationship between the global phase diagram and the ground-state entanglement is investigated. It is shown that the block-block entanglement of different block size and geometry manifests richer information of the system. We find that the extremal point of the two-site block-block entanglement on the rung locates a transition point exactly due to SU(4) symmetry at this point. The scaling behavior of the block-block entanglement is discussed. Our results suggest that the block-block entanglement can be used as a convenient marker of quantum phase transition in some complex spin systems.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures
Normal state electronic structure in the heavily overdoped regime of Bi1.74Pb0.38Sr1.88CuO6+delta single-layer cuprate superconductors
Creators: name: Yang, K.
name: Xie, B. P.
name: Shen, D. W.
name: Zhao, J. F.
name: Ou, H. W.
name: Wei, J.
name: Wang, S.
name: Wang, Y. H.
name: Lu, D. H.
name: He, R. H.
name: Arita, M.
name: Qiao, S.
name: Ino, A.
name: Namatame, H.
name: Taniguchi, M.
name: Xu, F. Q.
name: Kaneko, N.
name: Eisaki, H.
name: Feng, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the electronic structure in the heavily overdoped regime of the single layer cuprate superconductor Bi1.74Pb0.38Sr1.88CuO6+delta. We found that the nodal quasiparticle behavior is dominated mostly by phonons, while the antinodal quasiparticle lineshape is dominated by spin fluctuations. Moreover, while long range spin fluctuations diminish at very high doping, the local magnetic fluctuations still dominate the quasiparticle dispersion, and the system exhibits a strange metal behavior in the entire overdoped regime.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Diversity of universes created by pure gravity
Creators: name: Bronnikov, K. A.
name: Konoplich, R. V.
name: Rubin, S. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a number of problems of modern cosmology may be solved in the framework of multidimensional gravity with high-order curvature invariants, without invoking other fields. We use a method employing a slow-change approximation, able to work with rather a general form of the gravitational action, and consider Kaluza-Klein type space-times with one or several extra factor spaces. A vast choice of effective theories suggested by the present framework may be stressed: even if the initial Lagrangian is entirely fixed, one obtains quite different models for different numbers, dimensions and topologies of the extra factor spaces. As examples of problems addressed we consider (i) explanation of the present accelerated expansion of the Universe, with a reasonably small cosmological constant, and the problem of its fine tuning is considered from a new point of view; (ii) the mechanism of closed wall production in the early Universe; such walls are necessary for massive primordial black hole formation which is an important stage in some scenarios of cosmic structure formation; (iii) sufficient particle production rate at the end of inflation; (iv) it is shown that our Universe may contain spatial domains with a macroscopic size of extra dimensions. We also discuss chaotic attractors appearing at possible nodes of the kinetic term of the effective scalar field Lagrangian.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, revtex4. Final version, some considerations added in response to referee remarks
Interpreting severe occlusions in region-based stereo vision
Creators: name: Tucakov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis presents a theory of correspondence matching in region-based stereo vision under severe occlusions. The general purpose of stereo vision is to perform distance measurements based on correspondence between slightly offset cameras. Region-based stereo vision performs matching in terms of regions in each image. Regions are generally obtained using a segmentation algorithm and matching is done by comparing the properties of the regions. The goal of this thesis is to analyze and explicitly model the effects of occlusions on the region-based stereo matching process. In order to explicitly model only occlusions it is assumed that segmentation can be done correctly and that properties of the regions can be altered only by occlusions. In order to systematically solve the problem, occlusions are separated into categories depending on the effect they had on the properties of the regions. Each occlusion type is modeled in terms of a number of constraints. A constraint satisfaction process is introduced in order to identify the existence and kind of occlusion. The matching process allows establishing one-to-one, one-to-none, one-to-multiple, as well as, multiple-to-multiple region correspondences. A software system has been developed in order to test the correctness of the presented theory. The system allows the user to create a virtual scene with severe occlusions. Stereo images of the scene are then generated and passed onto the stereo algorithm. The system is able to correctly identify all occlusion types and reliably establish correct correspondences between regions. Further, the system was able to produce explanations for the match or lack of a match between regions. The system has also been successfully tested using real stereo images.
Fiber-based angular filtering for high-resolution Brillouin spectroscopy in the 20-300 GHz frequency range
Creators: name: Rodriguez, A.
name: Priya
name: Ortiz, O.
name: Senellart, P.
name: Gomez-Carbonell, C.
name: Lemaître, A.
name: Esmann, M.
name: Lanzillotti-Kimura, N. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Brillouin spectroscopy emerges as a promising non-invasive tool for nanoscale imaging and sensing. One-dimensional semiconductor superlattice structures are eminently used for selectively enhancing the generation or detection of phonons at few GHz. While commercially available Brillouin spectrometers provide high-resolution spectra, they consist of complex experimental techniques and are not suitable for semiconductor cavities operating at a wide range of optical wavelengths. We develop a pragmatic experimental approach for conventional Brillouin spectroscopy integrating a widely tunable excitation-source. Our setup combines a fibered-based angular filtering and a spectral filtering based on a single etalon and a double grating spectrometer. This configuration allows probing confined acoustic phonon modes in the 20-300 GHz frequency range with excellent laser rejection and high spectral resolution. Remarkably, our scheme based on the excitation and collection of the enhanced Brillouin scattering signals through the optical cavity, allows for better angular filtering for low phonon frequency. It can be implemented for the study of cavity optomechanics and stimulated Brillouin scattering over broadband optical and acoustic frequency ranges.
Machine Learning and Data Analytics for Design and Manufacturing of High-Entropy Materials Exhibiting Mechanical or Fatigue Properties of Interest
Creators: name: Steingrimsson, Baldur
name: Fan, Xuesong
name: Kulkarni, Anand
name: Gao, Michael C.
name: Liaw, Peter K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This chapter presents an innovative framework for the application of machine learning and data analytics for the identification of alloys or composites exhibiting certain desired properties of interest. The main focus is on alloys and composites with large composition spaces for structural materials. Such alloys or composites are referred to as high-entropy materials (HEMs) and are here presented primarily in context of structural applications. For each output property of interest, the corresponding driving (input) factors are identified. These input factors may include the material composition, heat treatment, manufacturing process, microstructure, temperature, strain rate, environment, or testing mode. The framework assumes the selection of an optimization technique suitable for the application at hand and the data available. Physics-based models are presented, such as for predicting the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) or fatigue resistance. We devise models capable of accounting for physics-based dependencies. We factor such dependencies into the models as a priori information. In case that an artificial neural network (ANN) is deemed suitable for the applications at hand, it is suggested to employ custom kernel functions consistent with the underlying physics, for the purpose of attaining tighter coupling, better prediction, and for extracting the most out of the - usually limited - input data available.
description: Machine learning, Data analytics, Material design, Additive manufacturing, High-entropy material, Statistical regression, Sequential learning, Bayesian inference, Feature selection, Data curation, Inverse design representation, Forward prediction, Backward prediction, Joint optimization, Physics-based modeling, Reinforcement learning, Statistical fatigue life model, Low-data environment
Tunneling Under the Influence of Quantum Gravity in Black Rings
Creators: name: Ali, Riasat
name: Bamba, Kazuharu
name: Asgher, Muhammad
name: Shah, Syed Asif Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the Lagrangian equation in the background of generalized uncertainty principle. The tunneling radiation through the black ring horizon is observed. We investigated the tunneling radiation through the Hamilton-Jacobi method for solutions of Einstein-Maxwell-dilation gravity theory. The radiation of black ring without back reaction and self interaction of particles are studied. Furthermore, we consider the quantum gravity effect on the stability of black ring.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, version accepted for publication in International Journal of Modern Physics D
A Quantitative Quality Control Model for Parallel and Distributed Crowdsourcing Tasks
Creators: name: Zhu, Shaojian
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014
Subjects: Control
Crowdsourcing
Distributed
Parallel
Quality

description: Crowdsourcing is an emerging research area that has experienced rapid growth in the past few years. Although crowdsourcing has demonstrated its potential in numerous domains, several key challenges continue to hinder its application. One of the major challenges is quality control. How can crowdsourcing requesters effectively control the quality from the crowdsourcing workers? To address that challenge, a data-driven empirical model of quality control for crowdsourcing was designed to automatically assess the quality of an individual's contribution to a task, without much manual intervention or external data support. This model is designed to categorize the data from each crowdsourcing worker into one of several quality groups. The model was initiated by estimating thresholds for different quality groups based on analyzing the two categories of quantitative training data from tasks (i.e., user effort measures and task natures). Then the model integrated the expected variance within individual workers to adjust the initial estimates. These computed thresholds are then used to judge the quality of each user contribution. Two studies under different task domains were conducted to evaluate the model. The results from both studies support the effectiveness of the model. A comparison study was conducted between our model and the iterative voting approach, a commonly used quality judging method in crowdsourcing. The comparison study results confirmed the advantages of our model over iterative voting. A blacklist-based enhancement was added to the original model inspired by the Gold Standard method, to defend against gaming under the assumption that gamers will always cheat and never provide valid data inputs. A Java implementation of the quality judging model was shared as an open source package to allow an easy adoption of the designed model. Regarding theoretical contributions, this dissertation proposed a three-stage (i.e., training, refinement, and classification) quality judging model to automatically determine data quality based on two categories of quantitative measures for crowdsourcing tasks. Practically, the crowdsourcing community can directly use or build upon this work to control crowdsourcing data quality more effectively.
MODEL STUDIES OF POTENTIAL INTERMOLECULAR HEMOGLOBIN CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS
Creators: name: Dabek, Margaret
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2012
Subjects: 4-nitrocinnamyl
Blood substitute
Hemoglobin
Michael addition
thio-Michael

description: The search for a safe and effective alternative to whole blood or packed red blood cells (RBC) has long been of interest in the medical and scientific communities. Hemoglobin (Hb) is the oxygen-carrying protein found within RBCs, and blood substitutes based on stroma-free hemoglobin (SFHb) have been modified by cross-linking reagents so that the hemoglobins can function outside the RBC. The drawbacks of SFHb include its (1) short retention time of SFHb in circulation, (2) facile dissociation into dimers which lead to renal toxicity, (3) nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, and (4) too high oxygen affinity.   A reagent that is able to intermolecularly join several intramolecularly cross-linked Hb molecules in a well-defined and predictable fashion is of particular interest as it would provide the desired large size, homogeneity, as well as specificity for the modified SFHb for use as a safe and effective blood substitute.  We have discovered a novel conjugated Michael acceptor system containing a 4-nitrocinnamyl moiety, which is capable of reacting specifically with thiols, in the presence of other nucleophiles, including amines and alcohols. Since the surface of Hb has only two exposed and available cysteine residues per molecule: B1-B2Cys93, whose thiol group can function as a Michael donor, making the reaction with our intermolecular linkers well-defined and specific.  My model studies involved the construction of a dimeric intermolecular linker 1, containing two of these 4-nitrocinnamyl Michael acceptor sites, bound by a long tether, and its subsequent testing with prototypical thiols to confirm its specificity toward reaction with thiols, representative of the surface of Hb. As expected, reactions with prototypical amines did not proceed to form Michael adducts. A tetrameric linker 2, containing four Michael acceptor sites, was also synthesized. This dissertation also describes the successful synthesis of a water-soluble tetrameric linker, 15, which presents a novel notion of reversing the roles of electrophile and nucleophile between linker reagent and hemoglobin. The advent of these novel acceptor models represents an important step in the ultimate goal of synthesized blood.
Turbulent Compressible Convection with Rotation - Penetration above a Convection Zone
Creators: name: Pal, Partha S.
name: Singh, Harinder P.
name: Chan, Kwing L.
name: Srivastava, M. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform Large eddy simulations of turbulent compressible convection in stellar-type convection zones by solving the Naviér-Stokes equations in three dimensions. We estimate the extent of penetration into the stable layer above a stellar-type convection zone by varying the rotation rate ({\boldmath$\rmΩ$}), the inclination of the rotation vector ($θ$) and the relative stability ($S$) of the upper stable layer. The computational domain is a rectangular box in an f-plane configuration and is divided into two regions of unstable and stable stratification with the stable layer placed above the convectively unstable layer. Several models have been computed and the penetration distance into the stable layer above the convection zone is estimated by determining the position where time averaged kinetic energy flux has the first zero in the upper stable layer. The vertical grid spacing in all the model is non-uniform, and is less in the upper region so that the flows are better resolved in the region of interest. We find that the penetration distance increases as the rotation rate increases for the case when the rotation vector is aligned with the vertical axis. However, with the increase in the stability of the upper stable layer, the upward penetration distance decreases. Since we are not able to afford computations with finer resolution for all the models, we compute a number of models to see the effect of increased resolution on the upward penetration. In addition, we estimate the upper limit on the upward convective penetration from stellar convective cores.
description: Accepted for Publication in Asttrophysics & Space Science
Comment on "Open is not forever: a study of vanished open access journals"
Creators: name: Shelomi, Matan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We comment on a recent article by Laakso et al. (arXiv:2008.11933 [cs.DL]), in which the disappearance of 176 open access journals from the Internet is noted. We argue that one reason these journals may have vanished is that they were predatory journals. The de-listing of predators from the Directory of Open Access Journals in 2014 and the abundance of predatory journals and awareness thereof in North America parsimoniously explain the temporal and geographic patterns Laakso et al. observed.
description: 3 pages excluding title and abstract
Two-dimensional chiral waveguide quantum electrodynamics: long range qubit correlations and flat-band dark polaritons
Creators: name: Marques, Y.
name: Shelykh, I. A.
name: Iorsh, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a two-dimensional extension of the 1D waveguide quantum electrodynamics and investigate the nature of linear excitations in two-dimensional arrays of qubits coupled to networks of chiral waveguides. We show that the combined effects of chirality and long-range photon mediated qubit-qubit interactions lead to the emergence of the two-dimensional flat bands in the polaritonic spectrum, corresponding to slow strongly correlated light.