cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Atmospheric Trace Gas Oxidation in Bacteria
Creators: name: ISLAM, ZAHRA FATIMA
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Microbiology not elsewhere classified

description: Bacteria that exist in environments with low or variable nutrient levels are reliant on alternate energy sources, such as atmospheric gases to maintain their energy needs. This thesis provides a broad overview of the determinants of atmospheric gas oxidation in bacteria, spanning from whole organism level down to molecular factors. It has expanded the diversity of trace gas scavenging bacteria characterised, validated previous ecosystem-based studies and highlights the usefulness of trace gases not only for supporting persistence but also during growth.
How Easy it is to Know How: An Upper Bound for the Satisfiability Problem
Creators: name: Areces, Carlos
name: Cassano, Valentin
name: Fervari, Raul
name: Castro, Pablo
name: Saravia, Andres
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate the complexity of the satisfiability problem for a modal logic expressing `knowing how' assertions, related to an agent's abilities to achieve a certain goal. We take one of the most standard semantics for this kind of logics based on linear plans. Our main result is a proof that checking satisfiability of a `knowing how' formula can be done in $Σ_2^P$. The algorithm we present relies on eliminating nested modalities in a formula, and then performing multiple calls to a satisfiability checking oracle for propositional logic.
Hayward black hole in scalar-Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity in four dimensions
Creators: name: Nojiri, Shin'ichi
name: Nashed, G. G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of scalar-Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, we construct the model which realizes the Hayward black hole and discuss the absence of ghosts in this model. Because Hayward black hole has two horizons but no curvature singularity, it may solve the problem of the information loss that might be generated by black holes. The Gauss-Bonnet term appears as a stringy correction, and therefore, our results might indicate that the stringy correction would solve the information loss problem.
description: 13 pages 2 figures, To appear in Phys. Rev. D
Write error rate of spin-transfer-torque random access memory including micromagnetic effects using rare event enhancement
Creators: name: Roy, Urmimala
name: Pramanik, Tanmoy
name: Register, Leonard F.
name: Banerjee, Sanjay K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-transfer-torque random access memory (STT-RAM) is a promising candidate for the next-generation of random-access-memory due to improved scalability, read-write speeds and endurance. However, the write pulse duration must be long enough to ensure a low write error rate (WER), the probability that a bit will remain unswitched after the write pulse is turned off, in the presence of stochastic thermal effects. WERs on the scale of 10$^{-9}$ or lower are desired. Within a macrospin approximation, WERs can be calculated analytically using the Fokker-Planck method to this point and beyond. However, dynamic micromagnetic effects within the bit can affect and lead to faster switching. Such micromagnetic effects can be addressed via numerical solution of the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski (LLGS) equation. However, determining WERs approaching 10$^{-9}$ would require well over 10$^{9}$ such independent simulations, which is infeasible. In this work, we explore calculation of WER using "rare event enhancement" (REE), an approach that has been used for Monte Carlo simulation of other systems where rare events nevertheless remain important. Using a prototype REE approach tailored to the STT-RAM switching physics, we demonstrate reliable calculation of a WER to 10$^{-9}$ with sets of only approximately 10$^{3}$ ongoing stochastic LLGS simulations, and the apparent ability to go further.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Unanimity, Coexistence and Rigidity: Three Sides of Polarization
Creators: name: Galam, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Political polarization is perceived as a threat to democracies. Using the Galam model of opinion dynamics deployed in a five-dimensional parameter space, I show that polarization is the byproduct of an essential hallmark of a vibrant democratic society, namely the open and informal discussions among agents. Indeed, within a homogeneous social community with floaters, the dynamics leads gradually toward unanimity (zero entropy). Polarization can eventually appear as the juxtaposition of non-mixing social groups sharing different prejudices about the issue at stake. On the other hand, the inclusion of contrarian agents produces a polarization within a community that mixes when their proportion $x$ is beyond a critical value $x_c=\frac{1}{6}\approx 0.167$ for discussing groups of size 3 and 4. Similarly, the presence of stubborn agents produces also a polarization of a community that mixes when the proportion of stubborns is greater than some critical value. For equal proportions of stubborns $a$ along each opinion, $a_c=\frac{2}{9}\approx 0.22$ for group size 4 against $a_c=\frac{1}{4}= 0.25$ for group size 3. However, the evaluation of the proportion of individual opinion shifts at the attractor $\frac{1}{2}$ indicates that the polarization produced by contrarians is fluid with a good deal of agents who keep shifting between the two opposed blocks (high entropy). That favors a coexistence of opposite opinions in a divided community. In contrast, the polarization created by stubborn agents is found to be frozen with very few individuals shifting opinion between the two opinions (low entropy). That yields a basis for the emergence of hate between the frozen opposed blocks.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures
Separation and Identification Strategies for Lipids and Volatiles Analysis in Natural Oils
Creators: name: Waktola, Habtewold Deti
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Separation science
Analytical chemistry not elsewhere classified

description: The thesis project detailed the development of analytical methods that can be used to determine chemical composition of natural oil products such as extra virgin olive oil. Separation and identification methods for lipids in oil samples, and methods for differentiation of olive oil varieties were developed. The methods are useful to evaluate the authenticity and quality of edible oil products. Thus, can be utilised by oil industries to control the quality of their products and also by regulatory authorities to monitor the quality and authenticity of edible oils circulating in the supermarkets.
Asymmetric angular dependence of spin-transfer torques in CoFe/Mg-B-O/CoFe magnetic tunnel junctions
Creators: name: Tang, Ling
name: Xu, Zhi-Jun
name: Zuo, Xian-Jun
name: Yang, Ze-Jin
name: Gao, Qing-He
name: Linghu, Rong-Feng
name: Guo, Yun-Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a first-principles noncollinear wave-function-matching method, we studied the spin-transfer torques (STTs) in CoFe/Mg-B-O/CoFe(001) magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), where three different types of B-doped MgO in the spacer are considered, including B atoms replacing Mg atoms (Mg$_3$BO$_4$), B atoms replacing O atoms (Mg$_4$BO$_3$), and B atoms occupying interstitial positions (Mg$_4$BO$_4$) in MgO. A strong asymmetric angular dependence of STT can be obtained both in ballistic CoFe/Mg$_3$BO$_4$ and CoFe/Mg$_4$BO$_4$ based MTJs, whereas a nearly symmetric STT curve is observed in the junctions based on CoFe/Mg$_4$BO$_3$. Furthermore, the asymmetry of the angular dependence of STT can be suppressed significantly by the disorder of B distribution. Such skewness of STTs in the CoFe/Mg-B-O/CoFe MTJs could be attributed to the interfacial resonance states induced by the B diffusion into MgO spacer. The present investigation demonstrates the feasibility of effectively enhancing microwave output power in MgO based spin torque oscillator (STO) by doping the B atoms into MgO spacer.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Rejuvenating Star Formation Activity in an Early-type Dwarf Galaxy, LEDA 1915372, with Accreted HI Gas
Creators: name: Paudel, Sanjaya
name: Yoon, Suk-Jin
name: Bait, Omkar
name: Sengupta, Chandreyee
name: Zee, Woong-Bae G.
name: Chhatkuli, Daya Nidhi
name: Adhikari, Binod
name: Aryal, Binil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a rare astrophysical phenomenon, in which an early-type dwarf galaxy (dE), LEDA 1915372, is accreting gas from a nearby star-forming dwarf galaxy, MRK 0689, and is rejuvenating star-formation activity at the center. Both LEDA 1915372 and MRK 0689 have similar brightness of $M_{r}$ = $-$16.99 and $-$16.78 mag, respectively. They are located in a small group environment, separated by a sky-projected distance of 20.27 kpc (up to 70 kpc in three dimension), and have a relative line-of-sight radial velocity of 6 km/s. The observation of 21 cm emission with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope provides strong evidence of interaction between the pair dwarf galaxies in terms of neutral hydrogen (HI) morphology and kinematics. In particular, the HI map reveals that the two galaxies are clearly connected by a gas bridge, and the gas components of both LEDA 1915372 and MRK 0689 share a common direction of rotation. We also find that the HI emission peak deviates from LEDA 1915372 toward its optical blue plume, suggesting a tidal origin of ongoing central star formation. Our findings provide a new path to the formation of blue-cored dEs.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL
When Memory Mappings Attack: On the (Mis)use of the ARM Cortex-M FPB Unit
Creators: name: Shan, Haoqi
name: Sullivan, Dean
name: Arias, Orlando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years we have seen an explosion in the usage of low-cost, low-power microcontrollers (MCUs) in embedded devices around us due to the popularity of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Although this is good from an economics perspective, it has also been detrimental for security as microcontroller-based systems are now a viable attack target. In response, researchers have developed various protection mechanisms dedicated to improve security in these resource-constrained embedded systems. We demonstrate in this paper these defenses fall short when we leverage benign memory mapped design-for-debug (DfD) structures added by MCU vendors in their products. In particular, we utilize the Flash Patch and Breakpoint (FPB) unit present in the ARM Cortex-M family to build new attack primitives which can be used to bypass common defenses for embedded devices. Our work serves as a warning and a call in balancing security and debug structures in modern microcontrollers.
description: This paper has been accepted by IEEE Asian Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Symposium (AsianHOST' 2023) and won Best Paper Award
HeisenTrojans: They Are Not There Until They Are Triggered
Creators: name: Mavurapu, Akshita Reddy
name: Shan, Haoqi
name: Guo, Xiaolong
name: Arias, Orlando
name: Sullivan, Dean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The hardware security community has made significant advances in detecting Hardware Trojan vulnerabilities using software fuzzing-inspired automated analysis. However, the Electronic Design Automation (EDA) code base itself remains under-examined by the same techniques. Our experiments in fuzzing EDA tools demonstrate that, indeed, they are prone to software bugs. As a consequence, this paper unveils HeisenTrojan attacks, a new hardware attack that does not generate harmful hardware, but rather, exploits software vulnerabilities in the EDA tools themselves. A key feature of HeisenTrojan attacks is that they are capable of deploying a malicious payload on the system hosting the EDA tools without triggering verification tools because HeisenTrojan attacks do not rely on superfluous or malicious hardware that would otherwise be noticeable. The aim of a HeisenTrojan attack is to execute arbitrary code on the system on which the vulnerable EDA tool is hosted, thereby establishing a permanent presence and providing a beachhead for intrusion into that system. Our analysis reveals 83% of the EDA tools analyzed have exploitable bugs. In what follows, we demonstrate an end- to-end attack and provide analysis on the existing capabilities of fuzzers to find HeisenTrojan attacks in order to emphasize their practicality and the need to secure EDA tools against them.
description: This paper has been accepted by IEEE Asian Hardware Oriented Security and Trust Symposium (AsianHOST' 2023)
Low-metallicity Young Clusters in the Outer Galaxy I. Sh 2-207
Creators: name: Yasui, Chikako
name: Kobayashi, Naoto
name: Tokunaga, Alan T.
name: Saito, Masao
name: Izumi, Natsuko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To study star formation in low metallicity environments ([M/H] ~ -1 ,dex), we obtained deep near-infrared (NIR) images of Sh 2-207 (S207), which is an HII region in the outer Galaxy with spectroscopically determined metallicity of [O/H] ~= -0.8 dex. We identified a young cluster in the western region of S207 with a limiting magnitude of Ks =19.0 mag (10 sigma) that corresponds to a mass detection limit of
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, and 3 Tables. Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
Basalys orion Nixon 1980
Creators: name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Diapriidae
Basalys
Basalys orion

description: Basalys orion Nixon, 1980: 26, fig. 81.
Valid name
Basalys orion Nixon, 1980.
Summary of types
Holotype ♀, BMNH number 9.818, by original designation. Paratype ♀.
Primary type data
Berks:/ Windsor Forest/ ix.1931 / H.St.J.Donisthorpe; Basalys / orion Nixon / type ♀, 197.
Type locality
England, Berkshire, Windsor Forest.
Remarks
The holotype is mounted on a card point and is entire.
description: Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on page 97, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773
SAppKG: Mobile App Recommendation Using Knowledge Graph and Side Information-A Secure Framework
Creators: name: Dave, Daksh
name: Sharma, Aditya
name: Abdulhamid, Shafii Muhammad
name: Ahmed, Adeel
name: Akhunzada, Adnan
name: Amin, Rashid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Due to the rapid development of technology and the widespread usage of smartphones, the number of mobile applications is exponentially growing. Finding a suitable collection of apps that aligns with users needs and preferences can be challenging. However, mobile app recommender systems have emerged as a helpful tool in simplifying this process. But there is a drawback to employing app recommender systems. These systems need access to user data, which is a serious security violation. While users seek accurate opinions, they do not want to compromise their privacy in the process. We address this issue by developing SAppKG, an end-to-end user privacy-preserving knowledge graph architecture for mobile app recommendation based on knowledge graph models such as SAppKG-S and SAppKG-D, that utilized the interaction data and side information of app attributes. We tested the proposed model on real-world data from the Google Play app store, using precision, recall, mean absolute precision, and mean reciprocal rank. We found that the proposed model improved results on all four metrics. We also compared the proposed model to baseline models and found that it outperformed them on all four metrics.
Dynamically Emergent Flavor in a Confining Theory with Unbroken Chiral Symmetry
Creators: name: Shifman, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss "truncated" QCD studied recently by Glozman et al. through numerical simulations. For two flavors it was observed that truncation restores the full chiral U(2)\times U(2) symmetry of the Lagrangian. Moreover, additional enhancement of the above symmetry connecting representations with distinct Lorentz spins was observed. I argue that the chiral symmetry restoration in a confining theory could entail emergent (extra) dynamical flavors which would show up in the spectrum of color-singlet particles provided their mass \neq 0. As an example, I consider truncated QCD with a single massless Dirac quark. Assuming the validity of the above observations,I demonstrate how a dynamical SU(2)_{fl} symmetry could emerge for massive spin-1 mesons without contradicting general principles.
description: 14 pp, 1 figure
Confirming the intrinsic abundance spread in the globular cluster NGC 6273 (M 19) with calcium triplet spectroscopy
Creators: name: Yong, David
name: Da Costa, Gary S.
name: Norris, John E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present metallicities for red giant stars in the globular cluster NGC 6273 based on intermediate resolution GMOS-S spectra of the calcium triplet region. For the 42 radial velocity members with reliable calcium triplet line strength measurements, we obtain metallicities, [Fe/H], using calibrations established from standard globular clusters. We confirm the presence of an intrinsic abundance dispersion identified by Johnson et al. (2015). The total range in [Fe/H] is ~1.0 dex and after taking into account the measurement errors, the intrinsic abundance dispersion is σ[Fe/H] = 0.17 dex. Among the Galactic globular clusters, the abundance dispersion in NGC 6273 is only exceeded by omega Cen, which is regarded as the remnant of a disrupted dwarf galaxy, and M 54, which is the nuclear star cluster of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy. If these three globular clusters share the same formation mechanism, then NGC 6273 may also be the remnant nucleus of a disrupted dwarf galaxy.
description: MNRAS in press
Periodic Radio Emission from the T8 Dwarf WISE J062309.94-045624.6
Creators: name: Rose, Kovi
name: Pritchard, Joshua
name: Murphy, Tara
name: Caleb, Manisha
name: Dobie, Dougal
name: Driessen, Laura
name: Duchesne, Stefan W.
name: Kaplan, David L.
name: Lenc, Emil
name: Wang, Ziteng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the detection of rotationally modulated, circularly polarized radio emission from the T8 brown dwarf WISE J062309.94-045624.6 between 0.9 and 2.0 GHz. We detected this high proper motion ultracool dwarf with the Australian SKA Pathfinder in $1.36$ GHz imaging data from the Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey. We observed WISE J062309.94-045624.6 to have a time and frequency averaged Stokes I flux density of $4.17\pm0.41$ mJy beam$^{-1}$, with an absolute circular polarization fraction of $66.3\pm9.0\%$, and calculated a specific radio luminosity of $L_ν\sim10^{14.8}$ erg s$^{-1}$ Hz$^{-1}$. In follow-up observations with the Australian Telescope Compact Array and MeerKAT we identified a multi-peaked pulse structure, used dynamic spectra to place a lower limit of $B>0.71$ kG on the dwarf's magnetic field, and measured a $P=1.912\pm0.005$ h periodicity which we concluded to be due to rotational modulation. The luminosity and period we measured are comparable to those of other ultracool dwarfs observed at radio wavelengths. This implies that future megahertz to gigahertz surveys, with increased cadence and improved sensitivity, are likely to detect similar or later-type dwarfs. Our detection of WISE J062309.94-045624.6 makes this dwarf the coolest and latest-type star observed to produce radio emission.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters; 11 pages, 3 figures and 2 tables
Atmospheric muon suppression for Baikal-GVD cascade analysis
Creators: name: Aynutdinov, V. M.
name: Allakhverdyan, V. A.
name: Avrorin, A. D.
name: Avrorin, A. V.
name: Bardačová, Z.
name: Belolaptikov, I. A.
name: Bondarev, E. A.
name: Borina, I. V.
name: Budnev, N. M.
name: Chadymov, V. A.
name: Chepurnov, A. S.
name: Dik, V. Y.
name: Domogatsky, G. V.
name: Doroshenko, A. A.
name: Dvornický, R.
name: Dyachok, A. N.
name: Dzhilkibaev, Zh. -A. M.
name: Eckerová, E.
name: Elzhov, T. V.
name: Fajt, L.
name: Fomin, V. N.
name: Gafarov, A. R.
name: Golubkov, K. V.
name: Gorshkov, N. S.
name: Gress, T. I.
name: Kebkal, K. G.
name: Kharuk, I. V.
name: Khramov, E. V.
name: Kolbin, M. M.
name: Koligaev, S. O.
name: Konischev, K. V.
name: Korobchenko, A. V.
name: Koshechkin, A. P.
name: Kozhin, V. A.
name: Kruglov, M. V.
name: Kulepov, V. F.
name: Lemeshev, Y. E.
name: Milenin, M. B.
name: Mirgazov, R. R.
name: Naumov, D. V.
name: Nikolaev, A. S.
name: Petukhov, D. P.
name: Pliskovsky, E. N.
name: Rozanov, M. I.
name: Ryabov, E. V.
name: Safronov, G. B.
name: Seitova, D.
name: Shaybonov, B. A.
name: Shelepov, M. D.
name: Shilkin, S. D.
name: Shirokov, E. V.
name: Šimkovic, F.
name: Sirenko, A. E.
name: Skurikhin, A. V.
name: Solovjev, A. G.
name: Sorokovikov, M. N.
name: Štekl, I.
name: Stromakov, A. P.
name: Suvorova, O. V.
name: Tabolenko, V. A.
name: Ulzutuev, B. B.
name: Yablokova, Y. V.
name: Zaborov, D. N.
name: Zavyalov, S. I.
name: Zvezdov, D. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Baikal-GVD (Gigaton Volume Detector) is a neutrino telescope installed at a depth of 1366 m in Lake Baikal. The expedition of 2023 brought the number of optical modules in the array up to 3492 (including experimental strings). These optical modules detect the Cherenkov radiation from secondary charged particles coming from the neutrino interactions. Neutrinos produce different kinds of topologically distinct light signatures. Charged current muon neutrino interactions create an elongated track in the water. Charged and neutral current interactions of other neutrino flavors yield hadronic and electromagnetic cascades. The background in the neutrino cascade channel arises mainly due to discrete stochastic energy losses produced along atmospheric muon tracks. In this paper, a developed algorithm for the cascade event selection is presented.
description: Presented at the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2023)
Evaluating the paleomagnetic potential of single zircon crystals using the Bishop Tuff
Creators: name: Fu, Roger R.
name: Weiss, Benjamin P.
name: Lima, Eduardo A.
name: Kehayias, Pauli
name: Araujo, Jefferson F. D. F.
name: Glenn, David R.
name: Gelb, Jeff
name: Einsle, Joshua F.
name: Bauer, Ann M.
name: Harrison, Richard J.
name: Ali, Guleed A. H.
name: Walsworth, Ronald L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Zircon crystals offer a unique combination of suitability for high-precision radiometric dating and high resistance to alteration. Paleomagnetic experiments on ancient zircons may potentially constrain the earliest geodynamo, which holds broad implications for the early Earth interior and atmosphere. However, the ability of zircons to record accurately the geomagnetic field has not been fully demonstrated. Here we conduct thermal and room temperature alternating field (AF) paleointensity experiments on 767.1 thousand year old (ka) zircons from the Bishop Tuff, California. The rapid emplacement of these zircons in a well-characterized magnetic field provides a high-fidelity test of the zircons intrinsic paleomagnetic recording accuracy. Successful dual heating experiments on nine zircons measured using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscope yield a mean paleointensity of 46.2 +/- 18.8 microtesla (1sigma), which agrees closely with high-precision results from Bishop Tuff whole rock (43.0 +/- 3.2 microtesla). High-resolution quantum diamond magnetic mapping, electron microscopy, and X-ray tomography indicate that the bulk of the remanent magnetization in Bishop Tuff zircons is carried by Fe oxides associated with apatite inclusions, which would be susceptible to destruction via metamorphism and aqueous alteration in older zircons. As such, while zircons can reliably record the geomagnetic field, robust zircon-derived paleomagnetic results require careful characterization of the ferromagnetic carrier and demonstration of their occurrence in primary inclusions. We further conclude that a combination of quantum diamond magnetometry and high-resolution imaging can provide detailed, direct characterization of the ferromagnetic mineralogy of geological samples.
description: In review in Earth and Planetary Science Letters
Total Ionizing Dose Effects on CMOS Image Sensor for the ULTRASAT Space Mission
Creators: name: Berlea, Vlad D.
name: Worm, Steven
name: Kaipachery, Nirmal
name: Kulkarni, Shrinivasrao R.
name: Kumar, Shashank
name: Barschke, Merlin F.
name: Berge, David
name: Birman, Adi
name: Alfassi, Shay
name: Fenigstein, Amos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: ULTRASAT (ULtraviolet TRansient Astronomy SATellite) is a wide-angle space telescope that will perform deep time-resolved surveys in the near-ultraviolet spectrum. ULTRASAT is a space mission led by the Weizmann Institute of Science and the Israel Space Agency and is planned for launch in 2025. The camera implements backside-illuminated, stitched pixel sensors. The pixel has a dual-conversion-gain 4T architecture, with a pitch of $9.5$ $μm$ and is produced in a $180$ $nm$ process by Tower Semiconductor. Before the final sensor was available for testing, test sensors provided by Tower were used to gain first insights into the pixel's radiation tolerance. One of the main contributions to sensor degradation due to radiation for the ULTRASAT mission is Total Ionizing Dose (TID). TID measurements on the test sensors have been performed with a Co-60 gamma source at Helmholz Zentrum Berlin and CC-60 facility at CERN and preliminary results are presented.
description: Part of the conference: Frontier Detectors for Frontier Physics: 15th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors, La Biodola - Isola d'Elba Published in: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment Available online 15 June 2023, 168463. In Press, Journal Pre-proof
Iron isotope geochemistry and crystal chemistry of jarosite in acidic, sulfate–rich environments
Creators: name: WHITWORTH, ANNE JANE
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Geochemistry not elsewhere classified
Mineralogy and crystallography
Isotope geochemistry

description: Jarosite is a common mineral in acidic, sulfate-rich environments where it can regulate acidity and capture toxic metals. This research examined jarosite-bearing outcrops in Victoria, Australia, to better understand jarosite formation and behaviour which is critical for its management. Geochemistry and crystal structure analysis showed that jarosite formation in acid-sulfate environments involves an interplay of chemical processes that, together with jarosite recrystallisation and environmental interactions, results in jarosite having chemical and structural complexity. Thorough characterisation of jarosite in acid-sulfate environments is therefore crucial to manage them in these environments successfully.
Double cascade reconstruction in the Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope
Creators: name: Aynutdinov, V. M.
name: Allakhverdyan, V. A.
name: Avrorin, A. D.
name: Avrorin, A. V.
name: Bardačová, Z.
name: Belolaptikov, I. A.
name: Bondarev, E. A.
name: Borina, I. V.
name: Budnev, N. M.
name: Chadymov, V. A.
name: Chepurnov, A. S.
name: Dik, V. Y.
name: Domogatsky, G. V.
name: Doroshenko, A. A.
name: Dvornický, R.
name: Dyachok, A. N.
name: Dzhilkibaev, Zh. -A. M.
name: Eckerová, E.
name: Elzhov, T. V.
name: Fajt, L.
name: Fomin, V. N.
name: Gafarov, A. R.
name: Golubkov, K. V.
name: Gorshkov, N. S.
name: Gress, T. I.
name: Kebkal, K. G.
name: Kharuk, I. V.
name: Khramov, E. V.
name: Kolbin, M. M.
name: Koligaev, S. O.
name: Konischev, K. V.
name: Korobchenko, A. V.
name: Koshechkin, A. P.
name: Kozhin, V. A.
name: Kruglov, M. V.
name: Kulepov, V. F.
name: Lemeshev, Y. E.
name: Milenin, M. B.
name: Mirgazov, R. R.
name: Naumov, D. V.
name: Nikolaev, A. S.
name: Petukhov, D. P.
name: Pliskovsky, E. N.
name: Rozanov, M. I.
name: Ryabov, E. V.
name: Safronov, G. B.
name: Seitova, D.
name: Shaybonov, B. A.
name: Shelepov, M. D.
name: Shilkin, S. D.
name: Shirokov, E. V.
name: Šimkovic, F.
name: Sirenko, A. E.
name: Skurikhin, A. V.
name: Solovjev, A. G.
name: Sorokovikov, M. N.
name: Štekl, I.
name: Stromakov, A. P.
name: Suvorova, O. V.
name: Tabolenko, V. A.
name: Ulzutuev, B. B.
name: Yablokova, Y. V.
name: Zaborov, D. N.
name: Zavyalov, S. I.
name: Zvezdov, D. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Baikal Gigaton Volume Detector is a cubic kilometer scale neutrino telescope under construction in Lake Baikal. As of July 2023, Baikal-GVD consists of 96 fully deployed strings resulting in 3456 optical modules installed. The observation of neutrinos is based on detection of Cherenkov radiation emitted by the products of neutrino interactions. In this contribution, description of the double cascade reconstruction technique as well as evaluation of precision of this algorithm is given.
description: Presented at the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2023)
Preliminary Tc calculations for iron-based superconductivity in NaFeAs, LiFeAs, FeSe and nanostructured FeSe/SrTiO3 Superconductors
Creators: name: Ho, Wong Chi
name: Lortz, Rolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many theoretical models of iron-based superconductors have been proposed but Tc calculations based on the models are usually missing. We have chosen two models of iron-based superconductors in the literature and then compute the Tc values accordingly: Recently two models have been announced which suggest that superconducting electron concentration involved in the pairing mechanism of iron-based superconductors may have been underestimated, and that the antiferromagnetism and the induced xy potential may even have a dramatic amplification effect on electron-phonon coupling. We use bulk FeSe, LiFeAs and NaFeAs data to calculate the Tc based on these models and test if the combined model can predict the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of the nanostructured FeSe monolayer well. To substantiate the recently announced xy potential in the literature, we create a two-channel model to separately superimpose the dynamics of the electron in the upper and lower tetrahedral plane. The results of our two-channel model support the literature data. Our computational model takes into account this amplifying effect of antiferromagnetism and the correction of the electron-phonon scattering matrix together with the abnormal soft out-of-plane lattice vibration of the layered structure, which allows us to calculate theoretical Tc values of LiFeAs, NaFeAs and FeSe as a function of pressure that correspond reasonably well to the experimental values. More importantly, by taking into account the interfacial effect between an FeSe monolayer and its SrTiO3 substrate as an additional gain factor, our calculated Tc value is up to 91 K high, and provides evidence that the strong Tc enhancement recently observed in such monolayers with Tc reaching 100 K may be contributed from the electrons within the ARPES range.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1905.13426
Understanding the Universal Dust Attenuation Scaling Relation of Star-Forming Galaxies
Creators: name: Qin, J.
name: Zheng, X. Z.
name: Wuyts, S.
name: Lv, Z.
name: Qiao, M.
name: Huang, J. -S.
name: Liu, F. S.
name: Katsianis, A.
name: Gonzalez, V.
name: Bian, F.
name: Xu, H.
name: Pan, Z.
name: Liu, W.
name: Tan, Q. -H.
name: An, F. X.
name: Shi, D. D.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Wen, R.
name: Liu, S.
name: Yang, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Star-forming galaxies (SFGs) adhere to a surprisingly tight scaling relation of dust attenuation parameterized by the infrared excess (IRX=$L_{\rm IR}/L_{\rm UV}$), being jointly determined by the star formation rate (SFR), galaxy size ($R_{\rm e}$), metallicity ($Z$/Z$_\odot$) and axial ratio ($b/a$). We examine how these galaxy parameters determine the effective dust attenuation and give rise to the universal IRX relation, utilizing a simple two-component star-dust geometry model in which dust in the dense and diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) follows exponential mass density profiles, connected with but not necessarily identical to the stellar mass profiles. Meanwhile, empirical relations are adopted to link galaxy properties, including the gas--star formation relation, the dust-to-stellar size relation, as well as the dust-to-gas ratio versus metallicity relation. By fitting a large sample of local SFGs with the model, we obtain the best-fitting model parameters as a function of metallicity, showing that the two-component geometry model is able to successfully reproduce the dependence of IRX on SFR, $R_{\rm e}$, $b/a$ at given $Z$/Z$_\odot$, as well as the dependence of power-law indices on metallicity. Moreover, we also retrieve constraints on the model geometry parameters, including the optical depth of birth clouds (BCs), BC-to-total dust mass fraction, BC covering factor of UV-emitting stars, and star-to-total dust disc radius ratio, which all evolve with galaxy metallicity. Finally, a consistent picture of how the star-dust geometry in SFGs evolves with galaxy metallicity is discussed.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, published in MNRAS (2024, Volume 528, Issue 1, pp.658-675); A PHTHON package IRX_TAU_TOT is available at https://github.com/LvZF/irx_tau_tot/ to calculate the total dust optical depth of a galaxy with given metallicity and best-fitting geometry parameters
The causes of variability in the membrane bioreactor treatment of pulp and paper wastewater
Creators: name: SCHOLES, EMILY ROBYN
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Wastewater treatment processes
Separation technologies
Timber, pulp and paper

description: The Gippsland Water Factory treats pulping and bleaching wastewater from Australian Paper. This study of a full-scale treatment system investigated the causes of periods of reduced treatment efficiency in the membrane bioreactors. This cross disciplinary investigation combined aspects of engineering, process microbiology, process chemistry and statistics to gain a high-quality picture of the possible causes. Data indicated a relatively stable bacterial population which was not affected by the periods of low treatment efficiency. The ultimate cause was determined to be carbonaceous colloids from ‘Black Liquor’ which is resistant to treatment and accumulates in the mixed liquor supernatant.
The influence of interchain coupling on intramolecular oscillation mobility in coupled macromolecular chains: the case of coplanar parallel chains
Creators: name: Čevizović, D.
name: Petković, S.
name: Galović, S.
name: Chizhov, A.
name: Reshetnyak, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We enlarge our results from the study of the hopping mechanism of the oscillation excitation transport in 1D model of one biology-like macromolecular chain to the case of a system composed from two 1D parallel macromolecular chains with consideration of the properties of intramolecular oscillation excitations. We suppose, that due to the exciton interaction with thermal oscillation (generated by mechanical phonon subsystem) of structural elements (consisting of the peptide group) of the chains, the exciton becomes by self trapped and forms the polaron state. We suggest a model which generalizes the modified Holstein polaron model to the case of two macromolecular chains and find that because of the interchain coupling, the exciton energy band is splitted into two subbands. The hopping process of exciton migration along the macromolecular chains is studied in dependence of system parameters and temperature. We pay an special attention to the temperature range (near T=300 K) in which living cells operate. It is found that for the certain values of the system parameters there exists the abrupt change of the exciton migration nature from practically free (light) exciton motion to an immobile (heavy, dressed by phonon cloud) quasiparticle We discuss an application of the obtained results to the exciton transport both within deoxyribonucleic acid molecule and in the 2D polymer films organized from such macromolecular chains.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, based on the talk on the Conference "Advanced Materials with Hierarchical Structure for New Technologies and Reliable Structures`2015", September 21-25 2015, Tomsk, Russia
On Direction Preserving Discretizations for Computing Phase-Space Densities
Creators: name: Chappell, David J.
name: Richter, Martin
name: Tanner, Gregor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Ray flow methods provide efficient tools for modelling wave energy transport in complex systems at high-frequencies. We compare two Petrov-Galerkin discretizations of a phase-space boundary integral model for stationary wave energy densities in two-dimensional domains. The directional dependence is approximated using a finite set of directions oriented into the domain from the boundary. The propagation direction can be preserved across multi-component domains when the directions within the local set for a given region of the boundary are taken as a subset of a global direction set. In this work we compare the use of piecewise constant and piecewise linear test functions, which physically corresponds to the interpolation scheme used when the transport is in a direction not belonging to the finite global set.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of ICNAAM 2021
Two Dimensional Antiferromagnetic Chern Insulator NiRuCl6
Creators: name: Zhou, P.
name: Sun, L. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on DFT and Berry curvature calculations, we predict that quantum anomalous hall effect (QAHE) can be realized in two dimensional anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) NiRuCl6 with zero net magnetic moment. By tuning spin-orbits coupling (SOC), we find that the topological properties of NiRuCl6 come from its energy band reversal. The results indicate that NiRuCl6 behaves as AFM Chern insulator and its spin-polarized electronic structure and strong spin-orbits coupling (SOC) are the origin of QAHE. Considering the compatibility between AFM and insulator, AFM Chern insulator is more suitable to realize high temperature QAHE because generally Neel temperature of AFM systems is more easily improved than Curie temperature of ferromagnetic (FM) systems. Due to the different magnetic coupling mechanism between FM and AFM Chern insulator, AFM Chern insulator provides a new way to archive high temperature QAHE in experiments.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Understanding attitudes to and increasing recognition and articulation of employability skills amongst science undergraduates
Creators: name: HILL, MICHELLE ARLENE
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Higher education

description: This study investigated whether science undergraduates recognise that they are developing employability (transferable) skills during their degree and understand the importance of such skills in employment. It established that students’ views of their skill development were narrow and that they failed to recognise that employers are seeking graduates with a wide range of transferable skills. The study explored two interventions that may assist students and concluded that students’ recognition of their skill development may be enhanced by displaying skills badges on curriculum materials and through written reflection. Reflecting on skill development experiences improved students’ ability to articulate their skills.
A unified theory for some non Newtonian fluids under singular forcing
Creators: name: Bulíček, Miroslav
name: Burczak, Jan
name: Schwarzacher, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J60, 35Q35

description: We consider a model of steady, incompressible non-Newtonian flow with neglected convective term under external forcing. Our structural assumptions allow for certain non-degenerate power-law or Carreau-type fluids. We provide the full-range theory, namely existence, optimal regularity and uniqueness of solutions, not only with respect to forcing belonging to Lebesgue spaces, but also with respect to their refinements, namely the weighted Lebesgue spaces, with weights in a respective Muckenhoupt class. The analytical highlight is derivation of existence and uniqueness theory for forcing with its regularity well-below the natural duality exponent, via estimates in weighted spaces. It is a generalization of [Bulíček, Diening, Schwarzacher] to incompressible fluids. Moreover, two technical results, needed for our analysis, may be useful for further studies. They are: the solenoidal, weighted, biting div-curl lemma and the solenoidal Lipschitz approximations on domains.
Accurate force-field methodology capturing atomic reconstructions in transition metal dichalcogenide moiré systems
Creators: name: Nielsen, Carl Emil Mørch
name: da Cruz, Miguel
name: Torche, Abderrazak
name: Bester, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, a generalized force-field methodology for the relaxation of large moiré heterostructures is proposed. The force-field parameters are optimized to accurately reproduce the structural degrees of freedom of some computationally manageable cells relaxed using density functional theory. The parameters can then be used to handle large moiré systems. We specialize to the case of 2H-phased twisted transition-metal dichalcogenide homo- and heterobilayers using a combination of the Stillinger-Weber intralayer- and the Kolmogorov-Crespi interlayer-potential. Force-field parameters are developed for all combinations of MX$_2$ for $\text{M}\in\{\text{Mo},\text{W}\}$ and $\text{X}\in\{\text{S},\text{Se},\text{Te}\}$. The results show agreement within 20 meV in terms of band structure between density functional theory and force-field relaxation. Using the relaxed structures, a simplified and systematic scheme for the extraction of the interlayer moiré potential is presented for both R- and H-stacked systems. We show that in-plane and out-of-plane relaxation effects on the moiré potential, which is made both deeper and wider after relaxation, are essential. An interpolation based methodology for the calculation of the interlayer binding energy is also proposed. Finally, we show that atomic reconstruction, which is captured by the force-field method, becomes especially prominent for angles below 4-5$^\circ$, when there is no mismatch in lattice constant between layers.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures. Accepted by and to be published in Physical Review B
Coherent and Incoherent Coupling Dynamics between Neutral and Charged Excitons in Monolayer MoSe2
Creators: name: Hao, Kai
name: Xu, Lixiang
name: Nagler, Philipp
name: Singh, Akshay
name: Tran, Kha
name: Dass, Chandriker Kavir
name: Schüller, Christian
name: Korn, Tobias
name: Li, Xiaoqin
name: Moody, Galan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical properties of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides are dominated by both neutral excitons (electron-hole pairs) and charged excitons (trions) that are stable even at room temperature. While trions directly influence charge transport properties in optoelectronic devices, excitons may be relevant through exciton-trion coupling and conversion phenomena. In this work, we reveal the coherent and incoherent nature of exciton-trion coupling and the relevant timescales in monolayer MoSe2 using optical two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy. Coherent interaction between excitons and trions is definitively identified as quantum beating of cross-coupling peaks that persists for a few hundred femtoseconds. For longer times up to 10 ps, surprisingly, the relative intensity of the cross-coupling peaks increases, which is attributed to incoherent energy transfer likely due to phonon-assisted up-conversion and down-conversion processes that are efficient even at cryogenic temperature.