cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Role of catechin on collagen type I stability upon oxidation: a NMR approach
Creators: name: Lucarini, Massimo
name: Sciubba, Fabio
name: Capitani, Donatella
name: Cocco, Maria Enrica Di
name: D’Evoli, Laura
name: Durazzo, Alessandra
name: Delfini, Maurizio
name: Boccia, Ginevra Lombardi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: The study focuses on the understanding, at molecular level, the mechanism of interaction between protein and flavonoids. Collagen and catechin interactions were investigated by NMR in solution and solid state. The effect of catechin on the stability of collagen to oxidation was also explored. Collagen was treated with two concentrations of catechin solutions. Oxidation was carried out by incubation of collagen solution with three oxidation systems: Fe(II)/H2O2, Cu(II)/H2O2, and NaOCl/H2O2. The effects of oxidation systems were evaluated by high resolution 1 D and 2 D proton spectroscopy and solid state NMR (13C CP MAS) experiments. Interactions between collagen and catechin preferentially occur between catechin B ring and the amino acids Pro and Hyp of collagen. Results showed that both iron and copper oxidation systems were able to interact with collagen by site specific attack. Moreover, catechin protects collagen proline from oxidation by metal/H2O2 systems, preventing copper and iron approach to collagene molecule;this behaviour was more evident for the copper/H2O2 system.
A Comprehensive Statistical Analysis of the Gas Distribution in Lyman-limit and Damped Lyman-alpha Absorption Systems
Creators: name: Bandiera, Rino
name: Corbelli, Edvige
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we show how to use data on Lyman-limit and Damped Lyman-alpha absorption systems to derive the hydrogen ionization fractions and the distribution of the face-on total gas column density. We consider axially symmetric, randomly oriented absorbers, ionized by an external background radiation field in order to relate the face-on total gas distribution to that of the neutral hydrogen observed along the line of sight. We devise a statistical procedure based on the Maximum Likelihood criterion, that is able to treat simultaneously data coming from different surveys and statistically recovers the "true" column densities in the presence of large uncertainties: this is especially important for Lyman-limit systems which leave an unmeasurable residual flux at wavelengths shorter than the Lyman break. We make use of simulated data to look for possible observational biases and extensively test our procedure. For a large statistical sample of real data in the redshift range [1.75,3.25] (collected from all published surveys) our Maximum Likelihood procedure gives a power-law slope for the total hydrogen distribution of -2.7. All together Lyman-limit systems therefore contain more gas than Damped Lyman-alpha systems. Analysis of data at other redshifts shows that more observations are needed to reach a compelling evidence for a cosmological evolution of the slope of the gas distribution.
description: 30 pages with 7 eps figures, LaTeX accepted for publication in ApJ main journal
Explanations for the Decline in Spending at Older Ages
Creators: name: Rohwedder, Susann
name: Hurd, Michael D.
name: Hudomiet, Péter
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Saving adequacy, household consumption, life-cycle model
subject: Population and Demography
subject: Social Sciences

description: We use new data from the 2019 wave of the Consumption and Activities Mail Survey to help interpret the observed decline in spending as individuals age. At one extreme, forward-looking individuals optimally chose the decline; at the other, myopic individuals overspent and were forced to reduce spending because they had run out of wealth. Which interpretation is correct has important implications for the measurement of economic preparation for retirement. According to their own assessments, the fraction of respondents feeling financially constrained is lower at advanced ages, and the fraction satisfied with their economic situation is considerably higher at older ages than at ages near retirement. An important mechanism reconciling the evidence of reduced spending and greater economic satisfaction at older ages may be that individuals’ enjoyment of several activities declines with worsening health, widowing, and increasing age, leading to a lessening desire to spend on them. We find strong support for this hypothesis. Nonetheless, close to 20% of those older than 80 report not being satisfied with their financial situation, pointing to heterogeneity in economic security.
Lychas mucronatus
Creators: name: Di, Zhi-Yong
name: Cao, Zhi-Jian
name: Wu, Ying-Liang
name: Zhu, Lin
name: Liu, Hui
name: Li, Wen-Xin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Scorpiones
Buthidae
Lychas
Lychas mucronatus

description: Lychas mucronatus (Fabricius, 1798)
(Figures 48–69, 90; Tables 1–2)
 Lychas mucronatus: Pocock, 1900: 36–37; Kovařík, 1997: 341–344, figs. 10, 12, 29, 31, 80–82, 93, 98; Fet & Lowe, 2000: 164, 165.
description: Published as part of Di, Zhi-Yong, Cao, Zhi-Jian, Wu, Ying-Liang, Zhu, Lin, Liu, Hui & Li, Wen-Xin, 2013, The scorpions of Hainan Island, China (Arachnida: Scorpiones), pp. 1-22 in Euscorpius 153 on page 7
On two continuous models for the dynamics of sandpile surfaces
Creators: name: Prigozhin, Leonid
name: Zaltzman, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a modified BCRE model for pile surface dynamics (Bouchaud, Cates, Ravi Prakash, and Edwards, J. Phys. I France, v. 4, p. 1383, 1994) and show that in the long-scale limit this model converges to a quasistationary model of pile growth in the form of an evolutionary variational inequality (Prigozhin, Phys. Rev. E, v. 49, p. 1161, 1994).
description: 6 pages
The Singlet-Triplet Pseudo-Jahn-Teller Centers in Copper Oxides
Creators: name: Moskvin, A. S.
name: Panov, Yu. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most exciting features of the hole centers CuO_{4}^{5-} in doped cuprates is an unusually complicated ground state which is the result of the electronic quasi-degeneracy. An additional hole, doped to the basic CuO_{4}^{6-} cluster with the b_{1g} hole can occupy both the same hybrid Cu3d-O2p orbital state resulting in a Zhang-Rice singlet ^1A_{1g} and the purely oxygen e_u molecular orbital resulting in a singlet or triplet ^{1,3}E_u term with the close energies. We present detailed analysis of the (pseudo)-Jahn-Teller effect driven by the near-degeneracy within the (^1A_{1g},^{1,3}E_u)-manifold.
description: RevTex, 20 pages, 8 figures; to be published in J.Phys.Chem.Sol
Probabilistic Dataset Reconstruction from Interpretable Models
Creators: name: Ferry, Julien
name: Aïvodji, Ulrich
name: Gambs, Sébastien
name: Huguet, Marie-José
name: Siala, Mohamed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Interpretability is often pointed out as a key requirement for trustworthy machine learning. However, learning and releasing models that are inherently interpretable leaks information regarding the underlying training data. As such disclosure may directly conflict with privacy, a precise quantification of the privacy impact of such breach is a fundamental problem. For instance, previous work have shown that the structure of a decision tree can be leveraged to build a probabilistic reconstruction of its training dataset, with the uncertainty of the reconstruction being a relevant metric for the information leak. In this paper, we propose of a novel framework generalizing these probabilistic reconstructions in the sense that it can handle other forms of interpretable models and more generic types of knowledge. In addition, we demonstrate that under realistic assumptions regarding the interpretable models' structure, the uncertainty of the reconstruction can be computed efficiently. Finally, we illustrate the applicability of our approach on both decision trees and rule lists, by comparing the theoretical information leak associated to either exact or heuristic learning algorithms. Our results suggest that optimal interpretable models are often more compact and leak less information regarding their training data than greedily-built ones, for a given accuracy level.
Mesobuthus martensii subsp. hainanensis
Creators: name: Di, Zhi-Yong
name: Cao, Zhi-Jian
name: Wu, Ying-Liang
name: Zhu, Lin
name: Liu, Hui
name: Li, Wen-Xin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Scorpiones
Buthidae
Mesobuthus
Mesobuthus martensii
Mesobuthus martensii hainanensis (birula, 1904)

description: Mesobuthus martensii hainanensis (Birula, 1904)
 Buthus confucius hainanensis Birula, 1904: 27. Mesobuthus martensii hainanensis: Fet & Lowe, 2000: 178.
description: Published as part of Di, Zhi-Yong, Cao, Zhi-Jian, Wu, Ying-Liang, Zhu, Lin, Liu, Hui & Li, Wen-Xin, 2013, The scorpions of Hainan Island, China (Arachnida: Scorpiones), pp. 1-22 in Euscorpius 153 on page 15
Quasinormal modes of Reissner-Nordström-AdS: the approach to extremality
Creators: name: Ficek, Filip
name: Warnick, Claude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the quasinormal spectrum of scalar and axial perturbations of the Reissner-Nordström-AdS black hole as the horizon approaches extremality. By considering a foliation of the black hole by spacelike surfaces which intersect the future horizon we implement numerical methods which are well behaved up to and including the extremal limit and which admit initial data which is nontrivial at the horizon. As extremality is approached we observe a transition whereby the least damped mode ceases to be oscillatory in time, and the late time signal changes qualitatively as a consequence.
description: 15 pages, revised version
HST Time-Series Photometry of the Transiting Planet of HD 209458
Creators: name: Brown, Timothy M.
name: Charbonneau, David
name: Gilliland, Ronald L.
name: Noyes, Robert W.
name: Burrows, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed 4 transits of the planet of HD 209458 using the STIS spectrograph on HST. Summing the recorded counts over wavelength between 582 nm and 638 nm yields a photometric time series with 80 s time sampling and relative precision of about 1.1E-4 per sample. The folded light curve can be fit within observational errors using a model consisting of an opaque circular planet transiting a limb-darkened stellar disk. In this way we estimate the planetary radius R_p = 1.347 +/- 0.060 R_Jup, the orbital inclination i = 86.68 +/- 0.14 degrees, the stellar radius R_* = 1.146 +/- 0.050 R_solar, and one parameter describing the stellar limb darkening. Our estimated radius is smaller than those from earlier studies, but is consistent within measurement errors, and is also consistent with theoretical estimates of the radii of irradiated Jupiter-like planets. Satellites or rings orbiting the planet would, if large enough, be apparent from distortions of the light curve or from irregularities in the transit timings. We find no evidence for either satellites or rings, with upper limits on satellite radius and mass of 1.2 Earth radii and 3 Earth masses, respectively. Opaque rings, if present, must be smaller than 1.8 planetary radii in radial extent. The high level of photometric precision attained in this experiment confirms the feasibility of photometric detection of Earth-sized planets circling Sun-like stars.
description: 28 pages, 9 figures. To be published in the Astrophysical Journal
Strong Effects of Weak Localization in Charge Density Wave/Normal Metal Hybrids
Creators: name: Visscher, Mark I.
name: Rejaei, Behzad
name: Bauer, Gerrit E. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collective transport through a multichannel disordered conductor in contact with charge-density-wave electrodes is theoretically investigated. The statistical distribution function of the threshold potential for charge-density wave sliding is calculated by random matrix theory. In the diffusive regime weak localization has a strong effect on the sliding motion.
description: To be published in Physical Review B
Antifouling properties of layer by layer DNA coatings
Creators: name: Guruprakash Subbiahdoss
name: Guanghong Zeng
name: Aslan, Hüsnü
name: Friis, Jakob Ege
name: Iruthayaraj, Joseph
name: Zelikin, Alexander N.
name: Meyer, Rikke Louise
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Fouling is a major concern for solid/liquid interfaces of materials used in different applications. One approach of fouling control is the use of hydrophilic polymer coatings made from poly-anions and poly-cations using the layer-by-layer (LBL) method. The authors hypothesized that the poly-anionic properties and the poly-phosphate backbone of DNA would provide anti-biofouling and anti-scaling properties. To this end, poly(ethyleneimine)/DNA LBL coatings against microbial and inorganic fouling were developed, characterized and evaluated. DNA LBL coatings reduced inorganic fouling from tap water by 90% when incubated statically or under flow conditions mimicking surfaces in heat exchangers. The coatings also impaired biofilm formation by 93% on stainless steel from tap water, and resulted in a 97% lower adhesion force and reduced initial attachment of the human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on glass. This study demonstrates a proof of concept that LBL coatings with poly-anions harboring phosphate groups can address fouling in several applications.
title: How Redistributive Are Public Health Care Schemes? Evidence from Medicare and Medicaid in Old Age
title: The Impact of Public Health Insurance on Financial Resources and Medical Expense Risk at Older Ages
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Arapakis, Karolos
name: French, Eric
name: Jones, John Bailey
name: McCauley, Jeremy
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicare; Medicaid; Social Security; means-testing; life cycle; savings; household finance
subject: Population and Demography
subject: Social Sciences

description: Most health care for the U.S. population 65 and older is publicly provided through Medicare and Medicaid. Despite the massive expenditures of these systems, little is known about how redistributive they are. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study matched to administrative Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security earnings records, we estimate the distribution of lifetime Medicare and Medicaid benefits received and the distribution of lifetime taxes paid to finance these benefits. For the cohort who turned 65 between 1999 and 2004, we find that benefits are greater among those with high income, in large part because they live longer. Nonetheless, high-income people pay more in the way of taxes. Middle-income households gain the most from these programs as these people live long yet pay modest taxes. All income groups gain from these programs: This cohort’s lifetime tax contribution did not cover the medical benefits it received. This deficit is paid by younger cohorts.
The Floquet Fermi Liquid
Creators: name: Shi, Li-kun
name: Matsyshyn, Oles
name: Song, Justin C. W.
name: Villadiego, Inti Sodemann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the existence of a non-equilibrium "Floquet Fermi Liquid" state arising in partially filled Floquet Bloch bands weakly coupled to ideal fermionic baths, which possess a collection of "Floquet Fermi surfaces" enclosed inside each other, resembling matryoshka dolls. We elucidate several properties of these states, including their quantum oscillations under magnetic fields which feature slow beating patterns of their amplitude reflecting the different areas of the Floquet Fermi surfaces, consistent with those observed in microwave induced resistance oscillation experiments. We also investigate their specific heat and thermodynamic density of states and demonstrate how by controlling properties of the drive, such as its frequency, one can tune some of the Floquet Fermi surfaces towards non-equilibrium van-Hove singularities without changing the electron density.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures
Liocheles Sundevall 1833
Creators: name: Di, Zhi-Yong
name: Cao, Zhi-Jian
name: Wu, Ying-Liang
name: Zhu, Lin
name: Liu, Hui
name: Li, Wen-Xin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Scorpiones
Hormuridae
Liocheles

description: Genus Liocheles Sundevall, 1833
 Liocheles: Monod & Volschenk, 2004: 677.
 Diagnosis: See Monod & Volschenk (2004).
description: Published as part of Di, Zhi-Yong, Cao, Zhi-Jian, Wu, Ying-Liang, Zhu, Lin, Liu, Hui & Li, Wen-Xin, 2013, The scorpions of Hainan Island, China (Arachnida: Scorpiones), pp. 1-22 in Euscorpius 153 on page 15
Predicting soldier retention from army spouse characteristics and attitudes: Soldiering on with spouse support
Creators: name: Sims, Carra S.
name: Trail, Thomas E.
name: Coe, Jessie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: The U.S. Army has a vested interest in retaining the skilled personnel necessary to achieve its mission and strategic goals. A wealth of research has investigated the retention process and what influences service member decisions to stay in the military. While families are an important influence on soldier retention decisions, research on the mechanism by which this happens is lacking. This report explores the relationship between spouse attitudes and perceptions, resource use, and soldier retention almost two years later, using a proposed theoretical model. Our results generally support our model, with the important change that resource use and unmet needs and stress were not directly associated with specific attitudes toward staying in the military as we had expected. Instead, the association was accounted for by relationship with general attitudes toward the military. Spouses whose needs were unmet after seeking help from available resources experienced greater stress, and spouse unmet needs and reports of greater stress were associated with worse general attitudes toward the military; worse general attitudes toward the military were associated with less inclination to stay a military family; which in turn predicted soldier turnover almost two years later. As the research in this report shows, providing benefits to military spouses is also associated with a tangible and important outcome for the military: improved service member retention.
Strong decays of the $Y(4660)$ as a vector tetraquark state in solid quark-hadron duality
Creators: name: Wang, Zhi-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we choose the $[sc]_P[\bar{s}\bar{c}]_A-[sc]_A[\bar{s}\bar{c}]_P$ type tetraquark current to study the hadronic coupling constants in the strong decays $Y(4660)\to J/ψf_0(980)$, $η_c ϕ(1020)$, $χ_{c0}ϕ(1020)$, $D_s\bar{D}_s$, $ D_s^* \bar{D}^*_s$, $ D_s \bar{D}^*_s$, $D_s^* \bar{D}_s$, $ψ^\prime π^+π^-$, $J/ψϕ(1020)$ with the QCD sum rules based on solid quark-hadron quality. The predicted width $Γ(Y(4660) )= 74.2^{+29.2}_{-19.2}\,{\rm{MeV}}$ is in excellent agreement with the experimental data $68\pm 11\pm 1 {\mbox{ MeV}}$ from the Belle collaboration, which supports assigning the $Y(4660)$ to be the $[sc]_P[\bar{s}\bar{c}]_A-[sc]_A[\bar{s}\bar{c}]_P$ type tetraquark state with $J^{PC}=1^{--}$. In calculations, we observe that the hadronic coupling constants $ |G_{Yψ^\prime f_0}|\gg |G_{Y J/ψf_0}|$, which is consistent with the observation of the $Y(4660)$ in the $ψ^\primeπ^+π^-$ mass spectrum, and favors the $ψ^{\prime}f_0(980)$ molecule assignment. It is important to search for the process $Y(4660)\to J/ψϕ(1020)$ to diagnose the nature of the $Y(4660)$, as the decay is greatly suppressed.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1811.12821, arXiv:1901.06938
Metastable states and information propagation in a 1D array of locally-coupled bistable cells
Creators: name: Anantram, M. P.
name: Roychowdhury, Vwani P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of metastable states on the relaxation process (and hence information propagation) in locally coupled and boundary-driven structures. We first give a general argument to show that metastable states are inevitable even in the simplest of structures, a wire. At finite temperatures, the relaxation mechanism is a thermally assisted random walk. The time required to reach the ground state and its life time are determined by the coupling parameters. These time scales are studied in a model based on an array of quantum dots.
description: Accepted for publication in Journal of Applied Physics
Optical and Infrared Photometry of the Micro-Quasar GRO J1655-40 in Quiescence
Creators: name: Greene, Jenny
name: Bailyn, Charles D.
name: Orosz, Jerome A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present BVIJK photometry of the black-hole candidate GRO J1655-40 in full quiescence. We report a refined orbital period of 2.62191 +/- 0.00020 days. The light curves are dominated by ellipsoidal variations from the secondary star. We model the light curves with an upgraded code which includes a more accurate treatment of limb darkening. Previous models containing a large cool disk are ruled out, and indeed our data can be fit with a pure ellipsoidal light curve without any disk contribution. In general agreement with previous results, we derive a confidence region of the correlated quantities of inclination and mass ratio, centered on an inclination of 70.2 +/ 1.9 degrees, and mass ratio 2.6 +/- 0.3, resulting in a primary mass M = 6.3 +/- 0.5 Mo (all 95% confidence). The complex limits and errors on these values, and on the possible disk contribution to the light curve, are discussed.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures. To be published in The Astrophysical Journal
Charging effects in the ac conductance of a double barrier resonant tunneling structure
Creators: name: Anantram, M. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There have been many studies of the linear response ac conductance of a double barrier resonant tunneling structure (DBRTS). While these studies are important, they fail to self-consistently include the effect of time dependent charge density in the well. In this paper, we calculate the ac conductance by including the effect of time dependent charge density in the well in a self-consistent manner. The charge density in the well contributes to both the flow of displacement currents and the time dependent potential in the well. We find that including these effects can make a significant difference to the ac conductance and the total ac current is not equal to the average of non-selfconsitently calculated conduction currents in the two contacts, an often made assumption. This is illustrated by comparing the results obtained with and without the effect of the time dependent charge density included properly.
Anion, cation and ion-pair recognition by bis-urea based receptors containing a polyether bridge
Creators: name: Jancarlo Gómez-Vega
name: Moreno-Corral, Ramón Alfonso
name: Hisila Santacruz Ortega
name: Corona-Martínez, David Octavio
name: Höpfl, Herbert
name: Sotelo-Mundo, Rogerio R.
name: Ochoa-Terán, Adrián
name: Raymundo Enrique Escobar-Picos
name: Ramírez-Ramírez, José Zeferino
name: Juárez-Sánchez, Octavio
name: Lara, Karen Ochoa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Two bis-urea type receptors were synthesized containing a polyether bridge and two 4-nitrophenyl groups as chromogenic units, R1 and R2. Molecular recognition studies of receptors towards different tetraalkylammonium and alkali metal salts were carried out in DMSO by UV-Vis and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The receptors were found to have high affinity for diverse anions and ion-pairs, showing the highest affinities towards the tetramethylammonium and sodium salts. The cation binding ability of the receptors was evidenced by means 1H NMR, mass spectrometric ESI+ studies and the crystal structures of some precursors. Additionally, the molecular modelling at the DFT level of the tetramethylammonium acetate complexes illustrates the potential ion-pair binding ability of the receptors: the anion is recognized through strong hydrogen bonds from the NH─ groups from the two urea sites, while the cation is bound by a combination of cation─π, C-H···O and C-H···π interactions.
Transformational leadership, well-being, morale, and readiness: The mediating role of empowerment
Creators: name: Michaud, Kathy
name: Barbeau-Julien, Kheana
name: Slinger, Michael
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Transformational leadership is embedded in the value system of the Canadian military ethos. Research suggests that transformational leadership can be viewed as a form of empowering leadership facilitating empowered psychological states among their followers, which in turn, enhances their performance, wellbeing, and engagement. The current study examined the associations between transformational leadership and Canadian Armed Forces members’ psychological distress, morale, and pre-deployment readiness and the mediating role of psychological empowerment in these relationships. A path analysis model of the data collected through a pre-deployment survey completed by Canadian Armed Force (CAF) members (N = 2,391) revealed that transformational leadership was associated with lower psychological distress and greater morale and these relationships were partly explained by increased feelings of empowerment, namely higher levels of autonomy, competence, and meaning. Furthermore, transformational leadership was also associated with higher perceptions of pre-deployment readiness, and this was partly explained by increased feelings of meaning and competence. The results of this research suggest that transformational leadership is an effective strategy to bolster psychological resources and readiness in the CAF.
Observational Signatures of the First Stars
Creators: name: Venkatesan, Aparna
name: Truran, James W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At present, there are several feasible observational probes of the first stars in the universe. Here, we examine the constraints on early stellar activity from the metallicity of the high-redshift Ly-$α$ clouds, from the effects of stellar ionizing photons on reionization and the cosmic microwave background (CMB), and from the implications of gravitational microlensing results for the presence of stellar remnants in galactic halos. We also discuss whether the above signatures are consistent with each other, i.e., if they reflect the same population of stars.
description: 3 pages, to appear in the conference proceedings of "Cosmic Evolution", Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, November, 2000
Quantum-enhanced super-sensitivity of Mach-Zehnder interferometer using squeezed Kerr state
Creators: name: Yadav, Dhiraj
name: Shukla, Gaurav
name: Sharma, Priyanka
name: Mishra, Devendra Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phase super-sensitivity of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with the squeezed Kerr and coherent states as the inputs. We discuss the lower bound in phase sensitivity by considering the quantum Fisher information (QFI) and corresponding quantum Cramer-Rao bound (QCRB). With the help of single intensity detection (SID), intensity difference detection (IDD) and homodyne detection (HD) schemes, we find that our scheme gives better sensitivity in both the lossless as well as in lossy conditions as compared to the combination of well-known results of inputs as coherent plus vacuum, coherent plus squeezed vacuum and double coherent state as the inputs. Because of the possibility of generation of squeezed Kerr state (SKS) with the present available quantum optical techniques, we expect that SKS may be an alternative nonclassical resource for the improvement in the phase super-sensitivity of the MZI under realistic scenario.
description: We welcome comments
Reaction-diffusion systems derived from kinetic theory for Multiple Sclerosis
Creators: name: Travaglini, Romina
name: Oliveira, João Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 35B36, 37N25, 92C17, 92C45, 92C50

description: We present a mathematical study for the development of Multiple Sclerosis in which a spatio-temporal kinetic { theory} model describes, at the mesoscopic level, the dynamics of a high number of interacting agents. We consider both interactions among different populations of human cells and the motion of immune cells, stimulated by cytokines. Moreover, we reproduce the consumption of myelin sheath due to anomalously activated lymphocytes and its restoration by oligodendrocytes. Successively, we fix a small time parameter and assume that the considered processes occur at different scales. This allows us to perform a formal limit, obtaining macroscopic reaction-diffusion equations for the number densities with a chemotaxis term. A natural step is then to study the system, inquiring about the formation of spatial patterns through a Turing instability analysis of the problem and basing the discussion on the microscopic parameters of the model. In particular, we get spatial patterns oscillating in time that may reproduce brain lesions characteristic of different phases of the pathology.
Charge occupancy of two interacting electrons on artificial molecules - exact results
Creators: name: Aharony, A.
name: Entin-Wohlman, O.
name: Imry, Y.
name: Levinson, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present exact solutions for two interacting electrons on an artificial atom and on an artificial molecule made by one and two (single level) quantum dots connected by ideal leads. Specifically, we calculate the accumulated charge on the dots as function of the gate voltage, for various strengths of the electron-electron interaction and of the hybridization between the dots and the (one-dimensional) leads. With increasing of the (negative) gate voltage, the accumulated charge in the two-electron ground state increases in gradual steps from 0 to 1 and then to 2. The value 0 represents an "insulating" state, where both electrons are bound to shallow states on the impurities. The value of 1 corresponds to a "metal", with one electron localized on the dots and the other extended on the leads. The value of 2 corresponds to another "insulator", with both electrons strongly localized. The width of the "metallic" regime diverges with strength of the electron-electron interaction for the single dot, but remains very narrow for the double dot. These results are contrasted with the simple Coulomb blockade picture.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
An automated content-based measure of closed loop communication among critical care air transport teams
Creators: name: Robinson, F. Eric
name: Grimm, David
name: Horning, Dain
name: Gorman, Jamie C.
name: Winner, Jennifer
name: Wiese, Christopher W.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Successful teamwork is essential to ensure critical care air transport (CCAT) patients receive effective care. Despite the importance of team performance, current training methods rely on subjective performance assessments and do not evaluate performance at the team level. Researchers have developed the Team Dynamics Measurement System (TDMS) to provide real-time, objective measures of team coordination to assist trainers in providing CCAT aircrew with feedback to improve performance. The first iteration of TDMS relied exclusively on communication flow patterns (i.e., who was speaking and when) to identify instances of various communication types such as closed loop communication (CLC). The research presented in this paper significantly advances the TDMS project by incorporating natural language processing (NLP) to identify CLC. The addition of NLP to the existing TDMS resulted in greater accuracy and fewer false alarms in identifying instances of CLC compared to the previous flow-based implementation. We discuss ways in which these improvements will facilitate instructor feedback and support further refinement of the TDMS.
Electron transport through a circular constriction
Creators: name: Nikolic, Branislav
name: Allen, Philip B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the conductance of a circular constriction of radius $a$ in an insulating diaphragm which separates two conducting half-spaces characterized by the mean free path $\ell$. Our exact result interpolates between the Maxwell conductance in diffusive ($\ell \ll a$) and the Sharvin conductance in ballistic ($\ell \gg a$) transport regime. Following the earlier approach of Wexler we find the explicit form of the Green's function for the linearized Boltzmann operator. The formula for the conductance deviates by less than 11% from the naive interpolation formula obtained by adding resistances in the diffusive and the ballistic regime.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Geometrical selection in growing needles
Creators: name: Krapivsky, P. L.
name: Nazarov, L. I.
name: Tamm, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the growth of needles from a flat substrate. We focus on the situation when needles suddenly begin to grow from the seeds randomly distributed on the line. The width of needles is ignored and we additionally assume that (i) the growth rate is the same for all needles; (ii) the direction of the growth of each needle is randomly chosen from the same distribution; (iii) whenever the tip of a needle hits the body of another needle, the former needle freezes, while the latter continues to grow. We elucidate the large time behavior by employing an exact analysis and the Boltzmann equation approach. We also analyze the evolution when seeds are located on a half-line, on a finite interval. Needles growing from the two-dimensional substrate are also examined.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
A Ray-Tracing Model of the Vela Pulsar
Creators: name: Hirano, C.
name: Gwinn, C. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the relativistic plasma surrounding a pulsar, a subluminal ordinary-mode electromagnetic wave will propagate along a magnetic field line. After some distance, it can break free of the field line and escape the magnetosphere to reach an observer. We describe a simple model of pulsar radio emission based on this scenario and find that applying this model to the case of the Vela pulsar reproduces qualitative characteristics of the observed Vela pulse profile.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 1 of Identification of the blast resistance genes in three elite restorer lines of hybrid rice
Creators: name: Hassan, Beenish
name: Peng, Yu-Ting
name: Li, Sha
name: Yin, Xiao-Xiao
name: Chen, Chen
name: Gulzar, Faiza
name: Zhou, Shi-Xin
name: Pu, Mei
name: Ji, Yun-Peng
name: Wang, Yu-Ping
name: Zhao, Wensheng
name: Huang, Fu
name: Peng, You-Liang
name: Zhao, Zhi-Xue
name: Wang, Wen-Ming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. An alignment of the Pikm1 sequence. Sequences were aligned by the CLUSTALW and displayed by using ESPript 3.0. Figure S2. An alignment of the Pikm2 sequence. Sequences were aligned by the CLUSTALW and displayed by using ESPript 3.0. Figure S3. An alignment of the Pi2 sequence. Sequences were aligned by the CLUSTALW and displayed by using ESPript 3.0.
Computational limits to the legibility of the imaged human brain
Creators: name: Ruffle, James K
name: Gray, Robert J
name: Mohinta, Samia
name: Pombo, Guilherme
name: Kaul, Chaitanya
name: Hyare, Harpreet
name: Rees, Geraint
name: Nachev, Parashkev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Our knowledge of the organisation of the human brain at the population-level is yet to translate into power to predict functional differences at the individual-level, limiting clinical applications, and casting doubt on the generalisability of inferred mechanisms. It remains unknown whether the difficulty arises from the absence of individuating biological patterns within the brain, or from limited power to access them with the models and compute at our disposal. Here we comprehensively investigate the resolvability of such patterns with data and compute at unprecedented scale. Across 23 810 unique participants from UK Biobank, we systematically evaluate the predictability of 25 individual biological characteristics, from all available combinations of structural and functional neuroimaging data. Over 4526 GPU hours of computation, we train, optimize, and evaluate out-of-sample 700 individual predictive models, including fully-connected feed-forward neural networks of demographic, psychological, serological, chronic disease, and functional connectivity characteristics, and both uni- and multi-modal 3D convolutional neural network models of macro- and micro-structural brain imaging. We find a marked discrepancy between the high predictability of sex (balanced accuracy 99.7%), age (mean absolute error 2.048 years, R2 0.859), and weight (mean absolute error 2.609Kg, R2 0.625), for which we set new state-of-the-art performance, and the surprisingly low predictability of other characteristics. Neither structural nor functional imaging predicted psychology better than the coincidence of chronic disease (p<0.05). Serology predicted chronic disease (p<0.05) and was best predicted by it (p<0.001), followed by structural neuroimaging (p<0.05). Our findings suggest either more informative imaging or more powerful models are needed to decipher individual level characteristics from the human brain.
description: 38 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, 2 supplementary figures, 1 supplementary table
Calchas Birula 1899
Creators: name: Yağmur, Ersen Aydın
name: Soleglad, Michael E.
name: Fet, Victor
name: Kovařík, František
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Scorpiones
Iuridae
Calchas

description: Calchas Birula, 1899   Synonyms:
 Paraiurus Francke, 1985. See Fet & Madge (1987) and Sissom & Fet (2000) for details on synonymy.
description: Published as part of Yağmur, Ersen Aydın, Soleglad, Michael E., Fet, Victor & Kovařík, František, 2013, Etudes on iurids, VI. Further revision of Calchas Birula, 1899 (Scorpiones: Iuridae), with a description of a new genus and two new species, pp. 1-37 in Euscorpius 159 (159) on page 8
Scaling in the time-dependent failure of a fiber bundle with local load sharing
Creators: name: Zhang, Shu-dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the scaling behaviors of a time-dependent fiber-bundle model with local load sharing. Upon approaching the complete failure of the bundle, the breaking rate of fibers diverges according to $r(t)\propto (T_f-t)^{-ξ}$, where $T_f$ is the lifetime of the bundle, and $ξ\approx 1.0$ is a quite universal scaling exponent. The average lifetime of the bundle $$ scales with the system size as $N^{-δ}$, where $δ$ depends on the distribution of individual fiber as well as the breakdown rule.
description: 5 pages, 4 eps figures; to appear in Phys. Rev. E
Chemical composition of essential oils from different parts of Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand and their in vitro antibacterial activity
Creators: name: Cabral, Rodrigo S. C.
name: Alves, Cassia C. F.
name: Batista, Hellen R. F.
name: Sousa, Wendel C.
name: Abrahão, Isabela S.
name: Antônio E. M. Crotti
name: Santiago, Mariana B.
name: Martins, Carlos H. G.
name: Mayker L. D. Miranda
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: In Brazilian folk medicine, Protium heptaphyllum is used to treat inflammatory conditions and to hasten wound repair. This paper aims to investigate the chemical composition and the in vitro antibacterial effects of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from P. heptaphyllum leaves and ripe and unripe fruits against a representative panel of oral pathogens. The GC-FID and GC-MS analysis revealed that the major components determined in P. heptaphyllum essential oils were myrcene (59.0%), β-elemene (17.2%), limonene (12.9%), spathulenol (12.6%), α-cubebene (11.6%), germacrene D (10.6%), trans-nerolidol (9.8%), and α-cadinol (8.8%). The essential oils of the ripe and unripe fruits showed the strongest antibacterial activity against the anaerobic bacteria Prevotella nigrescens (MIC = 50 µg/mL). The leaf essential oil displayed very promising activity against Streptococcus mutans (MIC = 50 µg/mL) and Streptococcus mitis (MIC = 62.5 µg/mL). The antibacterial activity of EOs against oral pathogens is also described for the first time.
Microscopic study of the impurity effect in the kagome superconductor La(Ru$_{1-x}$Fe$_{x}$)$_{3}$Si$_{2}$
Creators: name: Mielke, C.
name: Das, D.
name: Spring, J.
name: Nakamura, H.
name: Shin, S.
name: Liu, H.
name: Sazgari, V.
name: Joehr, S.
name: Lyu, J.
name: Graham, J. N.
name: Shiroka, T.
name: Medarde, M.
name: Hasan, M. Z.
name: Nakatsuji, S.
name: Khasanov, R.
name: Gawryluk, D. J.
name: Luetkens, H.
name: Guguchia, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the effect of magnetic impurities on the microscopic superconducting (SC) properties of the kagome-lattice superconductor La(Ru$_{1-x}$Fe$_{x}$)$_{3}$Si$_{2}$ using muon spin relaxation/rotation. A strong suppression of the superconducting critical temperature $T_{\rm c}$, the SC volume fraction, and the superfluid density was observed. We further find a correlation between the superfluid density and $T_{\rm c}$ which is considered a hallmark feature of unconventional superconductivity. Most remarkably, measurements of the temperature-dependent magnetic penetration depth $λ$ reveal a change in the low-temperature behavior from exponential saturation to a linear increase, which indicates that Fe doping introduces nodes in the superconducting gap structure at concentrations as low as $x=$~0.015. Our results point to a rare example of unconventional superconductivity in the correlated kagome lattice and accessible tunability of the superconducting gap structure, offering new insights into the microscopic mechanisms involved in superconducting order.
description: 8 page article with 4 figures, 7 page Supplementary Information with 4 figures