cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
One-shot Joint Extraction, Registration and Segmentation of Neuroimaging Data
Creators: name: Su, Yao
name: Qian, Zhentian
name: Ma, Lei
name: He, Lifang
name: Kong, Xiangnan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Brain extraction, registration and segmentation are indispensable preprocessing steps in neuroimaging studies. The aim is to extract the brain from raw imaging scans (i.e., extraction step), align it with a target brain image (i.e., registration step) and label the anatomical brain regions (i.e., segmentation step). Conventional studies typically focus on developing separate methods for the extraction, registration and segmentation tasks in a supervised setting. The performance of these methods is largely contingent on the quantity of training samples and the extent of visual inspections carried out by experts for error correction. Nevertheless, collecting voxel-level labels and performing manual quality control on high-dimensional neuroimages (e.g., 3D MRI) are expensive and time-consuming in many medical studies. In this paper, we study the problem of one-shot joint extraction, registration and segmentation in neuroimaging data, which exploits only one labeled template image (a.k.a. atlas) and a few unlabeled raw images for training. We propose a unified end-to-end framework, called JERS, to jointly optimize the extraction, registration and segmentation tasks, allowing feedback among them. Specifically, we use a group of extraction, registration and segmentation modules to learn the extraction mask, transformation and segmentation mask, where modules are interconnected and mutually reinforced by self-supervision. Empirical results on real-world datasets demonstrate that our proposed method performs exceptionally in the extraction, registration and segmentation tasks. Our code and data can be found at https://github.com/Anonymous4545/JERS
description: Published as a research track paper at KDD 2023. Code: https://github.com/Anonymous4545/JERS
A Dispersive Treatment of $K_{\ell4}$ Decays
Creators: name: Colangelo, Gilberto
name: Passemar, Emilie
name: Stoffer, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $K_{\ell4}$ decays offer several reasons of interest: they allow an accurate measurement of $ππ$-scattering lengths; they provide the best source for the determination of some low-energy constants of ChPT; one form factor is directly related to the chiral anomaly, which can be measured here. We present a dispersive treatment of $K_{\ell4}$ decays that provides a resummation of $ππ$- and $Kπ$-rescattering effects. The free parameters of the dispersion relation are fitted to the data of the high-statistics experiments E865 and NA48/2. The matching to ChPT at NLO and NNLO enables us to determine the LECs $L_1^r$, $L_2^r$ and $L_3^r$. With recently published data from NA48/2, the LEC $L_9^r$ can be determined as well. In contrast to a pure chiral treatment, the dispersion relation describes the observed curvature of one of the form factors, which we understand as a rescattering effect beyond NNLO.
description: 86 pages, 21 figures. Draws on and extends arXiv:1412.5171 [hep-ph] and arXiv:1209.0755 [hep-ph]
Experiências dos operacionais húngaros em Angola depoimentos
Creators: name: János, Besenyő
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 160604 Defence Studies
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 210399 Historical Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: History and archaeology
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 210310 Middle Eastern and African History

description: Nas missões da ONU de manutenção de paz em Angola, entre 1991 e 1999, prestaram serviço militares e polícias húngaros. Para além de testemunhos pessoais, o presente livro oferece um relance sobre a história de Angola e sobrea complexidade étnico-religiosa da sua sociedade e cultura, incluindo também os aspectos económicos e geopolíticos da actualidade neste país.Os militares e policiais húngaros que chegaram a Angola cumpriram principalmente tarefas de verifi cação e de observação da paz, e fi zeram-no num contexto assaz puritano e muito diferente quando comparado com as condições húngaras, no que diz respeito ao clima e higiene. Para estes operacionais, o perigo maior, além dos provenientes do próprio exercício da sua atividadede manutenção de paz, foram as doenças contagiosas e tropicais, como a malária, a varíola, a disenteria ou o tifo.É muito provável que a maioria dos leitores nunca tenha ouvido falar sobre as diversas relações que uniram Angola e Hungria, países fi sicamente tão distantes.A título de exemplo: Magyar László, chegado ao território da actual Angola em 1848, como enviado do sultão de Kalabar, acaba por casar um ano depois com uma das fi lhas do rei do Bié. O diário que escreveu informa-nos detalhadamente sobre as suas viagens de exploração e, em reconhecimento do alto valor das suas observações, em 1858 este ‘descobridor’ húngaro foi eleito membro correspondente da Academia das Ciências Húngaras. Desafortunadamente,a maioria dos seus papéis perdeu-se num incêndio em Benguela, pelo que a sua obra persiste apenas de forma fragmentária.Os autores do presente volume foram entrevistando e recolhendo as memórias ainda vivas dos observadores húngaros da ONU, cujas experiências pessoaisem Angola – relatadas nas páginas seguintes – enriquecem os nossos conhecimentos. Ao informar-nos do quotidiano duma missão, os seus valiosos depoimentos tornam próximo e humano o mundo tão distante em quetrabalharam.Constitui um motivo de alegria especial este excelente livro – fruto da colaboração do Centro de Investigação Científi ca do Estado Maior do Exército Húngaro, da Embaixada de Angola e da Universidade ELTE de Budapeste ser agora publicado em português, reforçando as relações de amizade que unem os dois povos. Sinto-me satisfeito e orgulhoso pelo empenho dos soldados húngaros, que souberam contribuir para o estabelecimento da estabilidadee da paz angolanas.
The classification of algebras of level two
Creators: name: Khudoyberdiyev, A. Kh.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is devoted to the description of complex finite-dimensional algebras of level two. We obtain the classification of algebras of level two in the varieties of Jordan, Lie and associative algebras.
Identifying ribosome heterogeneity using ribosome profiling.
Creators: name: Alkan, Ferhat
name: Wilkins, Oscar G
name: Hernández-Pérez, Santiago
name: Ramalho, Sofia
name: Silva, Joana
name: Ule, Jernej
name: Faller, William J
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biochemistry & Proteomics
subject: Gene Expression
subject: Genetics & Genomics
subject: Stem Cells
subject: Ecology,Evolution & Ethology
subject: Computational & Systems Biology

description: Recent studies have revealed multiple mechanisms that can lead to heterogeneity in ribosomal composition. This heterogeneity can lead to preferential translation of specific panels of mRNAs, and is defined in large part by the ribosomal protein (RP) content, amongst other things. However, it is currently unknown to what extent ribosomal composition is heterogeneous across tissues, which is compounded by a lack of tools available to study it. Here we present dripARF, a method for detecting differential RP incorporation into the ribosome using Ribosome Profiling (Ribo-seq) data. We combine the 'waste' rRNA fragment data generated in Ribo-seq with the known 3D structure of the human ribosome to predict differences in the composition of ribosomes in the material being studied. We have validated this approach using publicly available data, and have revealed a potential role for eS25/RPS25 in development. Our results indicate that ribosome heterogeneity can be detected in Ribo-seq data, providing a new method to study this phenomenon. Furthermore, with dripARF, previously published Ribo-seq data provides a wealth of new information, allowing the identification of RPs of interest in many disease and normal contexts. dripARF is available as part of the ARF R package and can be accessed through https://github.com/fallerlab/ARF.
Electron Heating by the Ion Cyclotron Instability in Collisionless Accretion Flows. I. Compression-Driven Instabilities and the Electron Heating Mechanism
Creators: name: Sironi, Lorenzo
name: Narayan, Ramesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In systems accreting well below the Eddington rate, the plasma in the innermost regions of the disk is collisionless and two-temperature, with the ions hotter than the electrons. Yet, whether a collisionless faster-than-Coulomb energy transfer mechanism exists in two-temperature accretion flows is still an open question. We study the physics of electron heating during the growth of ion velocity-space instabilities, by means of multi-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. A large-scale compression - embedded in a novel form of the PIC equations - continuously amplifies the field. This constantly drives a pressure anisotropy P_perp > P_parallel, due to the adiabatic invariance of the particle magnetic moments. We find that, for ion plasma beta values beta_i ~ 5-30 appropriate for the midplane of low-luminosity accretion flows, mirror modes dominate if the electron-to-proton temperature ratio is > 0.2, whereas if it is < 0.2 the ion cyclotron instability triggers the growth of strong Alfven-like waves, that pitch-angle scatter the ions to maintain marginal stability. We develop an analytical model of electron heating during the growth of the ion cyclotron instability, which we validate with PIC simulations. We find that for cold electrons (beta_e < m_e/m_i), the electron energy gain is controlled by the magnitude of the E-cross-B velocity induced by the ion cyclotron waves. This term is independent of the initial electron temperature, so it provides a solid energy floor even for electrons starting with extremely low temperatures. On the other hand, the electron energy gain for beta_e > m_e/m_i - governed by the conservation of the magnetic moment in the growing fields of the instability - is proportional to the initial electron temperature. Our results have implications for two-temperature accretion flows as well as the solar wind and intracluster plasmas. [abridged]
description: 24 pages, 6 figures, 2 appendices, submitted to ApJ
Cannibalism's lingering imprint on the matter power spectrum
Creators: name: Erickcek, A.L.
name: Shelton, J.
name: Ralegankar, P.
Publisher: name: IOP Publishing Ltd
Year: 2022

description: The early universe may have contained internally thermalized dark sectors that were decoupled from the Standard Model. In such scenarios, the relic dark thermal bath, composed of the lightest particle in the dark sector, can give rise to an epoch of early matter domination prior to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, which has a potentially observable impact on the smallest dark matter structures. This lightest dark particle can easily and generically have number-changing self-interactions that give rise to "cannibal"behavior. We consider cosmologies where an initially sub-dominant cannibal species comes to temporarily drive the expansion of the universe, and we provide a simple map between the particle properties of the cannibal species and the key features of the enhanced dark matter perturbation growth in such cosmologies. We further demonstrate that cannibal self-interactions can determine the small-scale cutoff in the matter power spectrum even when the cannibal self-interactions freeze out prior to cannibal domination.
Increasing the Rate of Magnesium Intercalation Underneath Epitaxial Graphene on 6H-SiC(0001)
Creators: name: Kotsakidis, Jimmy C.
name: Currie, Marc
name: Grubišić-Čabo, Antonija
name: Tadich, Anton
name: Myers-Ward, Rachael L.
name: DeJarld, Matthew
name: Daniels, Kevin M.
name: Liu, Chang
name: Edmonds, Mark T.
name: de Parga, Amadeo L. Vázquez
name: Fuhrer, Michael S.
name: Gaskill, D. Kurt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnesium intercalated 'quasi-freestanding' bilayer graphene on 6H-SiC(0001) (Mg-QFSBLG) has many favorable properties (e.g., highly n-type doped, relatively stable in ambient conditions). However, intercalation of Mg underneath monolayer graphene is challenging, requiring multiple intercalation steps. Here, we overcome these challenges and subsequently increase the rate of Mg intercalation by laser patterning (ablating) the graphene to form micron-sized discontinuities. We then use low energy electron diffraction to verify Mg-intercalation and conversion to Mg-QFSBLG, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the Mg intercalation rate for patterned and non-patterned samples. By modeling Mg intercalation with the Verhulst equation, we find that the intercalation rate increase for the patterned sample is 4.5$\pm$1.7. Since the edge length of the patterned sample is $\approx$5.2 times that of the non-patterned sample, the model implies that the increased intercalation rate is proportional to the increase in edge length. Moreover, Mg intercalation likely begins at graphene discontinuities in pristine samples (not step edges or flat terraces), where the 2D-like crystal growth of Mg-silicide proceeds. Our laser patterning technique may enable the rapid intercalation of other atomic or molecular species, thereby expanding upon the library of intercalants used to modify the characteristics of graphene, or other 2D materials and heterostructures.
description: 24 pages, 4 figures
Regulated religion : examining the interplay of the religious and the secular in the interpretation of the modern Egyptian constitution
Creators: name: Layman, Allyson
name: 0009-0002-3352-8787
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Constitution
subject: Egypt
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Modern law
subject: Article 2

description: Article 2 of the Egyptian constitution establishes, “Islam is the religion of the state and Arabic is its official language. The principles of Islamic Shari’a are the principal source of legislation.” Entrenched in historical commitments to Islam as a source of political legitimacy and the necessity to evolve in accordance with the demands of the modern nation state, contemporary Islamicate societies have reconciled discrepancies between secular and Islamic interests through constitutional means. In contemporary Egypt, the attempt to reconcile secular and Islamic interests is most clearly embodied in the interpretation of Article 2 cases. This thesis argues that the interpretation of five Article 2 cases, from 1993 to 2017, by the Egyptian Supreme Court (SCC) establishes a pattern in which secular power renders the specificities of religious traditions irrelevant, illustrating an expansion of “the secular.” By interpreting Islamic norms in determining legislation, the state necessarily pursues a form of secularization.
Tractors and Preharvest Equipment, Delta Area, Mississippi: Costs of Owning and Operating by Size of Farm, 1957
Creators: name: Starbird, Irving R.
name: Vermeer, James
name: Starbird, Irving R.
name: Vermeer, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1961
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management
Production Economics

description: Excerpt from the report Summary: This report presents the findings of one phase of a study of farm organization, costs, and practices on cotton farms in the Delta area of Mississippi. It is based on an enumerative survey of 163 operating units for the year 1957. Estimates of the costs of owning and operating preharvest items of equipment by size of farm in the Delta are presented. Analyses of equipment costs were made for four size-of-farm groups in terms of acreage of cropland: (1) Less than 60 acres, (2) 60 to 399 acres, (3) 400 to 999 acres, and (4) 1,000 or more acres. Information on equipment owned and used was obtained from farmers; secondary sources of cost and performance data were used in estimating annual costs of ownership and operation
Upadacitinib in rheumatoid arthritis: a profile of its use
Creators: name: Duggan, Sean
name: Keam, Susan J.
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine

description: DeclarationsFunding The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding.Authorship and conflict of interest Sean Duggan and Susan Keam are salaried employees of Adis International Ltd/Springer Nature, and declare no relevant conflicts of interest. All authors contributed to the review and are responsible for the article content.Ethics approval, consent to participate, consent for publication, availability of data and material, code availability Not applicable.Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here.

Abstract Upadacitinib (Rinvoq™), an oral Janus kinase (JAK) 1 inhibitor, is approved as monotherapy or in combination with nonbiological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), including methotrexate, in adult patients with moderate to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have responded inadequately to, or who are intolerant to one or more DMARD. Across phase 3 trials in patients with RA, once-daily upadacitinib treatment was generally well tolerated and associated with rapid and clinically relevant disease remission or low disease activity when administered as monotherapy or in combination conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs), including in patients who were intolerant to or had an inadequate response to prior csDMARDs or biological DMARD (bDMARD) therapy. In addition, in head-to-head trials, upadacitinib was more effective than both adalimumab in patients with an inadequate response to methotrexate and abatacept in patients with an inadequate response to or intolerance to bDMARDs. The clinical benefits of upadacitinib, including slowing progression of joint damage, were maintained over the longer term and no new safety signals were identified.
title: Weitergabe der Stellungnahme von Tierschutzbeauftragten an die Kommission nach § 15 Tierschutzgesetz: Empfehlung Nr. 007/2022 des Nationalen Ausschusses TierSchG vom 13. September 2022
Creators: name: Bundesinstitut Für Risikobewertung
Publisher: name: Bundesbehörden und Einrichtungen im Geschäftsbereich des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL)
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 000

description: BfR-Stellungnahmen, vol. 2022, no. 007
ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫКИ В ОБУЧЕНИИ САМЫЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНЫЙ МЕТОДЫ
Creators: name: Акбаева, Колье
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: В статье другой на языках ресурсов использовать и язык знать уровень увеличивать для большинство короткий время внутри помощь предоставление советы есть. В статье новый слова выучить наизусть эффективный методы с узнать и длинный время в течение иностранный на языке коммуникация в процессе навыки увеличивать помощь дает.
Cotton Farms, San Joaquin Valley, California: Organization, Costs, and Returns, 1947-59
Creators: name: Brown, W. Herbert
name: Caton, Douglas D.
name: Brown, W. Herbert
name: Caton, Douglas D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1961
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Production Economics

description: Excerpt from the report Summary: Costs and returns data for 1947 through 1959 are presented in this report for three size types of cotton farms in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Between 1947-49 and 1959, net farm incomes on the three types of farms trended upward. The trend was greatest on the large cotton-general farms and least on the cotton-specialty farms. The upward trend in net farm income was due mainly to increases in size (measured in inputs) of farm and increased physical efficiency. Increased physical efficiency contributed more to the upward trend than did the increase in size of farm as measured by inputs. After about 1952, price changes generally had a downward effect on net farm income.
Open Science cards
Creators: name: Giglia, Elena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: open science

description: Card games based upon Bianca Kramer and Jeroen Bosman original, see Kramer, Bianca; Bosman, Jeroen (2017): Open Science practices (editable powerpoint slides). figshare. Presentation. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4627999.v1
Pew Research Center: American Trends Panel Wave 47
Creators: name: Pew Research Center
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Country right direction/wrong track (1); President Donald Trump job performance (1); trust Democrats vs. Republicans in Congress on issues (3); vote in 2018 midterm election (1); how are you feeling today (1); favorability of politicians (5); Congress act in best interest of public (1); Affordable Care Act approval (1); priority on gun laws (1); armed conflict in Syria (1); China's revised criminal procedure law (1); community where you grew up (2); activities when you visit a new city (1); hours spent online (1); social media use (1); internet access (1); how do you decide when you buy a new computer (1); skill to learn in retirement (1); registered to vote (1); how often do you talk with neighbors (1); volunteer activities (2); goals for elected leaders in Washington (1); favorability of Israeli and Palestinian governments (2); Trump favoring Israelis or Palestinians (1); online dating site (1); relationships (5).
Effects of particle size and background rotation on the settling of particle clouds
Creators: name: Kriaa, Quentin
name: Subra, Eliot
name: Favier, Benjamin
name: Bars, Michael Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally investigate the behaviour of instantaneous localised releases of heavy particles falling as turbulent clouds in quiescent water, both with and without background rotation. We present the results of 514 systematic experiments for no rotation and for three rotation rates $Ω= 5,10,20$rpm, and for the size of particles in the range $5μm$ to $1mm$, exploring four decades of the Rouse number $\mathcal{R} \in [6\times 10^{-4},4]$ which quantifies the inertia of particles. In the canonical framework of turbulent thermals described by Morton \textit{et al.}, [Proc. R. Soc. A: Math. Phys. Sci. \textbf{234}, 1 (1956)], we compare particle clouds with salt-water thermals to highlight specificities due to the particulate nature of the turbulence forcing. In the absence of rotation, particle clouds initially behave as salty thermals with a modulation of their entrainment capacity, which is optimally enhanced for a finite inertia $\mathcal{R}\simeq 0.3$ due to particulate effects. However this regime of turbulence is limited in time due to the inertial decoupling between turbulent eddies and particles. For the three values of $Ω$ explored here, the particulate enhancement of entrainment is inhibited. Moreover the cloud's expansion is interrupted when the Coriolis force overcomes its inertia, forcing the cloud to transform into vortical columnar flows which considerably increase the residence time of particles.
Snowmass2021 theory frontier white paper: Astrophysical and cosmological probes of dark matter
Creators: name: Mishra-Sharma, S.
name: Vegetti, S.
name: Leane, R.K.
name: Weniger, C.
name: Muñoz, J.B.
name: Witte, S.J.
name: Rodd, N.L.
name: McDermott, S.D.
name: Price-Whelan, A.
name: Buschmann, M.
name: Natarajan, P.
name: Ali-Haïmoud, Y.
name: Croon, D.
name: Nadler, E.O.
name: Lisanti, M.
name: Gluscevic, V.
name: Cholis, I.
name: Boddy, K.K.
name: Erickcek, A.L.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2022

description: While astrophysical and cosmological probes provide a remarkably precise and consistent picture of the quantity and general properties of dark matter, its fundamental nature remains one of the most significant open questions in physics. Obtaining a more comprehensive understanding of dark matter within the next decade will require overcoming a number of theoretical challenges: the groundwork for these strides is being laid now, yet much remains to be done. Chief among the upcoming challenges is establishing the theoretical foundation needed to harness the full potential of new observables in the astrophysical and cosmological domains, spanning the early Universe to the inner portions of galaxies and the stars therein. Identifying the nature of dark matter will also entail repurposing and implementing a wide range of theoretical techniques from outside the typical toolkit of astrophysics, ranging from effective field theory to the dramatically evolving world of machine learning and artificial-intelligence-based statistical inference. Through this work, the theory frontier will be at the heart of dark matter discoveries in the upcoming decade.
Cannibal domination and the matter power spectrum
Creators: name: Ralegankar, P.
name: Shelton, J.
name: Erickcek, A.L.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2021

description: Decoupled hidden sectors can easily and generically result in a period of cannibal domination, during which the dominant component of the Universe has an equation of state intermediate between radiation and matter due to self-heating by number-changing interactions. We present for the first time the consequences of a cannibal-dominated era prior to big bang nucleosynthesis for structure formation on small scales. We find that an early cannibal-dominated era imprints a characteristic peak on the dark matter power spectrum, with scale and amplitude directly determined by the mass, lifetime, and number-changing interaction strength of the cannibal field. This enhancement to the small-scale matter power spectrum will generate early-forming dark matter microhalos, and we provide a detailed and transparent map between the properties of the cannibal species and the characteristic mass and formation time of these structures. These relations demonstrate how the internal workings of a hidden sector leave a potentially observable imprint on the matter power spectrum even if dark matter has no direct couplings to the Standard Model.
ECONOMETRIC MODELING OF THE VOLUME OF SERVICES PROVIDED IN TASHKENT REGION
Creators: name: Ruziyev, Alisher
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: in the article, econometric modeling of the main types of services that affect the volume of services provided in Tashkent region is carried out. At the same time, proposals were made regarding the future forecast values of the volume of services in the region.
Boletin CEAZAMar - Julio 2022 (2022). Análisis de las Condiciones Atmosféricas y Oceanográficas de la Región de Coquimbo (Marzo 2022 - Mayo 2022)
Creators: name: CEAZAMar, CEAZA
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: El Boletín CEAZAMar surge del quehacer científico desarrollado en el borde costero y del océano de la Región de Coquimbo por el Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA). Este boletín busca constituirse como una herramienta de orientación y consulta para las múltiples actividades productivas y no-productivas que tienen lugar en las costas de la Región de Coquimbo. Para tal efecto, el Boletín proveerá información de variables del sistema atmosférico y oceanográfico que resultan clave para la planificación de las actividades en el mar, con el fin de mejorar la toma de decisiones de los usuarios, y aportar a la capacidad adaptativa de las comunidades costeras frente a la variabilidad ambiental y climática. A través de información satelital y de equipos de monitoreo desplegados a lo largo de la costa de la Región, este Boletín provee información relativa al viento, Temperatura Superficial del Mar (TSM), nivel del mar, entre otras, las cuales se relacionan con el estado del mar y la ocurrencia de surgencia costera (viento), productividad (concentración de clorofila), y presencia o ausencia de distintas facetas de El Niño. Este análisis atmosférico y oceanográfico trata de representar la heterogeneidad espacial y temporal de las condiciones hidrográficas costeras que alberga la Región de Coquimbo. Esto a través del uso de mapas y series de tiempo y análisis trimestrales de dichas variables ambientales, para múltiples localidades de la Región, tales como Chañaral de Aceituno, Punta de Choros, Bahía de Coquimbo, Bahía de Tongoy, Punta Lengua de Vaca, La Cebada, Huentelauquén y Los Vilos. Finalmente, se vincula el diagnóstico de las condiciones atmosféricas y oceanográficas de la Región de Coquimbo con los indicadores de productividad acuícola disponibles para el periodo de interés.
Thermoelectric response enhanced by surface/edge states in physical nanogaps
Creators: name: García-Suárez, Víctor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose here a feasible and effective design of new thermoelectric systems based on physical gaps in nanoscale junctions. We show that, depending on the type of features, i.e. the character of surface/edge states, on both sides of the gap, it is possible to achieve rather high figures of merit. In particular, we show that for configurations that have localized states at the surfaces/edges, which translate into sharp resonances in the transmission, it is possible to achieve large Seebeck coefficients and figures of merit by carefully tuning their energy and their coupling to other states. We calculate the thermoelectric coefficients as a function of different parameters and find non-obvious behaviours, like the existence of a certain coupling between the localized and bulk states for which these quantities have a maximum. The highest Seebeck coefficients and figures of merit are achieved for symmetric junctions, which have the same coupling between the localized state and the bulk states on both sides of the gap. The features and trends of the thermoelectric properties and their change with various parameters that we find here cannot only be applied to systems with nanogaps, but also to many other nanoscale junctions, such as e.g. those that have surface states or states localized near the contacts between the nanoscale object and the electrodes. The model presented here can therefore be used to characterize and predict the thermoelectric properties of many different nanoscale junctions and can also serve as a guide for studying other systems. These results pave then the way for the design and fabrication of stable next-generation thermoelectric devices with robust features and improved performances.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
Breaking a dark degeneracy: The gamma-ray signature of early matter domination
Creators: name: Linden, T.
name: Delos, M.S.
name: Erickcek, A.L.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2019

description: The Universe's early thermal history is poorly constrained, and it is possible that it underwent a period of early matter domination driven by a heavy particle or an oscillating scalar field that decayed into radiation before the onset of big bang nucleosynthesis. The entropy sourced by this particle's decay reduces the cross section required for thermal-relic dark matter to achieve the observed abundance. This degeneracy between dark matter properties and the thermal history vastly widens the field of viable dark matter candidates, undermining efforts to constrain dark matter's identity. Fortunately, an early matter-dominated era also amplifies density fluctuations at small scales and leads to early microhalo formation, boosting the dark matter annihilation rate and bringing smaller cross sections into the view of existing indirect-detection probes. Employing several recently developed models of microhalo formation and evolution, we develop a procedure to derive indirect-detection constraints on dark matter annihilation in cosmologies with early matter domination. This procedure properly accounts for the unique morphology of microhalo-dominated signals. While constraints depend on dark matter's free-streaming scale, the microhalos make it possible to obtain upper bounds as small as âσvâ ©â‰10-32 cm3 s-1 using Fermi-LAT observations of the isotropic gamma-ray background and the Draco dwarf galaxy.
Constraining nonthermal dark matter's impact on the matter power spectrum
Creators: name: Erickcek, A.L.
name: Murgia, R.
name: Miller, C.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2019

description: The inclusion of a period of (effective) matter domination following inflation and prior to the onset of radiation domination has interesting and observable consequences for structure growth. During this early matter-dominated era (EMDE), the Universe was dominated by massive particles, or an oscillating scalar field, that decayed into Standard Model particles, thus reheating the Universe. This decay process could also be the primary source of dark matter. In the absence of fine-tuning between the masses of the parent and daughter particles, both dark matter particles and Standard Model particles would be produced with relativistic velocities. We investigate the effects of the nonthermal production of dark matter particles with relativistic velocities on the matter power spectrum by determining the resulting velocity distribution function for the dark matter. We find that the vast majority of dark matter particles produced during the EMDE are still relativistic at reheating, so their free streaming erases the perturbations that grow during the EMDE. The free streaming of the dark matter particles can also prevent the formation of satellite galaxies around the Milky Way and the structures observed in the Lyman-α forest. For a given reheat temperature, these observations put an upper limit on the velocity of the dark matter particles at their creation. For example, for a reheat temperature of 10 MeV, dark matter must be produced with a Lorentz factor γ550.
On the separability of dynamical and non-local correlations in three dimensions
Creators: name: Schäfer, T.
name: Toschi, A.
name: Tomczak, Jan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While second-order phase transitions always cause strong non-local fluctuations, their effect on spectral properties crucially depends on the dimensionality. For the important case of three dimensions, we show that the electron self-energy is well separable into a local dynamical part and static non-local contributions. In particular, our non-perturbative many-body calculations for the 3D Hubbard model at different fillings demonstrate that the quasi-particle weight remains essentially momentum-independent, also in the presence of overall large non-local corrections to the self-energy. Relying on this insight we propose a "space-time-separated" scheme for many-body perturbation theory that is up to ten times more efficient than current implementations. Besides these far-reaching implications for state-of-the-art electronic structure schemes, our analysis will also provide guidance to the quest of going beyond them.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures and supplementary material
Singular behavior of the dark universe under the effect of thermal radiation in curved spacetime
Creators: name: Brevik, Iver
name: Timoshkin, Alexander V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the late-time accelerated universe in the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) spacetime with a nonzero curvature, and investigate cosmological models when the cosmic fluid is taken to be inhomogeneous and viscous (bulk viscous), coupled to dark matter. We consider the influence from thermal effects caused by Hawking radiation on the formation of singularities of various classified types, within a finite time. It is shown that under the influence of Hawking radiation the time of formulation of a singularity, and the nature of the singularity itself, can change. It is also shown that by jointly taking into account radiation, viscosity, and space curvature, one can obtain a singularity-free universe. The symmetry properties of this kind of theory lie in the assumption about spatial isotropy. The spatial isotropy is also reflected in our use of a bulk, instead of a shear, viscosity.
description: 7 pages, latex2e
Annihilation signatures of hidden sector dark matter within early-forming microhalos
Creators: name: Erickcek, A.L.
name: Delos, M.S.
name: Blanco, C.
name: Hooper, D.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2019

description: If the dark matter is part of a hidden sector with only very feeble couplings to the Standard Model, the lightest particle in the hidden sector will generically be long lived and could come to dominate the energy density of the Universe prior to the onset of nucleosynthesis. During this early matter-dominated era, density perturbations will grow more quickly than otherwise predicted, leading to a large abundance of sub-Earth-mass dark matter microhalos. Since the dark matter does not couple directly to the Standard Model, the minimum halo mass is much smaller than expected for weakly interacting dark matter, and the smallest halos could form during the radiation-dominated era. In this paper, we calculate the evolution of density perturbations within the context of such hidden sector models and use a series of N-body simulations to determine the outcome of nonlinear collapse during radiation domination. The resulting microhalos are extremely dense, which leads to very high rates of dark matter annihilation and to large indirect detection signals that resemble those ordinarily predicted for decaying dark matter. We find that the Fermi Collaboration's measurement of the high-latitude gamma-ray background rules out a wide range of parameter space within this class of models. The scenarios that are most difficult to constrain are those that feature a very long early matter-dominated era; if microhalos form prior to the decay of the unstable hidden sector matter, the destruction of these microhalos effectively heats the dark matter, suppressing the later formation of microhalos.
The Exascale IO Challenge - orchestrating data movement from disk to registers and back again
Creators: name: Yates, Jeremy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: UKSRC
SKA
IO
RSE

description: Presentation was given at the 6th Conference for Research Software Engineering 2022 (Tuesday 6th to Thursday 8th September 2022) on the Exascale IO Challenge - orchestrating data movement from disk to registers and back again.
Is cosmological constant screened in Liouville gravity with matter?
Creators: name: Inami, Takeo
name: Koyama, Yoji
name: Nakayama, Yu
name: Suzuki, Mariko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There has been a proposal that infrared quantum effects of massless interacting field theories in de-Sitter space may provide time-dependent screening of the cosmological constant. As a concrete model of the proposal, we study the three loop corrections to the energy-momentum tensor of massless $λϕ^4$ theory in the background of classical Liouville gravity in $D=2$ dimensional de-Sitter space. We find that the cosmological constant is screened in sharp contrast to the massless $λϕ^4$ theory in $D=4$ dimensions due to the sign difference between the cosmological constant of the Liouville gravity and that of the Einstein gravity. To argue for the robustness of our prediction, we introduce the concept of time-dependent infrared counter-terms and examine if they recover the de-Sitter invariance in the $λϕ^4$ theory in comparison with the Sine-Gordon model where it was possible.
description: 28 pages, 7 eps figures
The Modernisation of Disabled Students’ Allowances, 2014-2018. Help or hindrance to Inclusive Teaching and Learning?
Creators: name: Newman, Ivan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Education

description: The UK's Equality Act (2010) requires HE providers to make reasonable adjustments for their disabled students and to take anticipatory actions to avoid direct or indirect discrimination resulting in initiatives to improve inclusive teaching and learning.
 English HE students can apply for Disabled Students Allowances (DSA) to help fund additional their support requirements. A series of modernising actions were made to DSAs 2014-2018.
 Through six mixed method studies and five further studies using Freedom of Information Act (2000) requests this research examines the interpaly between those modernising actions and the delivery of inclusive teaching and learning.
The evolving SFR-M_star relation and sSFR since z~5 from the VUDS spectroscopic survey
Creators: name: Tasca, L. A. M.
name: Fevre, O. Le
name: Hathi, N. P.
name: Schaerer, D.
name: Ilbert, O.
name: Zamorani, G.
name: Lemaux, B. C.
name: Cassata, P.
name: Garilli, B.
name: Brun, V. Le
name: Maccagni, D.
name: Pentericci, L.
name: Thomas, R.
name: Vanzella, E.
name: Zucca, E.
name: Amorin, R.
name: Bardelli, S.
name: Cassara, L. P.
name: Castellano, M.
name: Cimatti, A.
name: Cucciati, O.
name: Durkalec, A.
name: Fontana, A.
name: Giavalisco, M.
name: Grazian, A.
name: Paltani, S.
name: Ribeiro, B.
name: Scodeggio, M.
name: Sommariva, V.
name: Talia, M.
name: Tresse, L.
name: Vergani, D.
name: Capak, P.
name: Charlot, S.
name: Contini, T.
name: Cuby, J. G.
name: de la Torre, S.
name: Dunlop, J.
name: Fotopoulou, S.
name: Koekemoer, A.
name: Lopez-Sanjuan, C.
name: Mellier, Y.
name: Pforr, J.
name: Salvato, M.
name: Scoville, N.
name: Taniguchi, Y.
name: Wang, P. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of the star formation rate (SFR) - stellar mass (M_star) relation and specific star formation rate (sSFR) of star forming galaxies (SFGs) since a redshift z~5.5 using 2435 (4531) galaxies with highly reliable (reliable) spectroscopic redshifts in the VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey (VUDS). It is the first time that these relations can be followed over such a large redshift range from a single homogeneously selected sample of galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts. The log(SFR) - log(M_star) relation for SFGs remains roughly linear all the way up to z=5 but the SFR steadily increases at fixed mass with increasing redshift. We find that for stellar masses M_star>3.2 x 10^9 M_sun the SFR increases by a factor ~13 between z=0.4 and z=2.3. We extend this relation up to z=5, finding an additional increase in SFR by a factor 1.7 from z=2.3 to z=4.8 for masses M_star > 10^10 M_sun. We observe a turn-off in the SFR-M_star relation at the highest mass end up to a redshift z~3.5. We interpret this turn-off as the signature of a strong on-going quenching mechanism and rapid mass growth. The sSFR increases strongly up to z~2 but it grows much less rapidly in 2
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, submitted to A&A
Density profiles of ultracompact minihalos: Implications for constraining the primordial power spectrum
Creators: name: Erickcek, A.L.
name: Bailey, A.P.
name: Alvarez, M.A.
name: Delos, M.S.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2018

description: Enhanced density fluctuations on small scales would lead to the formation of numerous dark matter minihalos, so limits on the minihalo abundance can place upper bounds on the small-scale primordial power spectrum. In particular, the ultracompact minihalo (UCMH), a dark matter structure hypothesized to possess a r-9/4 density profile due to its formation at z≥1000, has been used to establish an upper bound on the primordial power spectrum at scales smaller than 2 Mpc. The extreme slope of this density profile amplifies the observational signals of UCMHs. However, we recently showed via N-body simulations that the r-9/4 density profile does not develop in realistic formation scenarios, throwing UCMH-derived power spectrum constraints into question. Instead, minihalos develop shallower inner profiles with power-law indices between -3/2 and -1. In this paper, we expand on that result and discuss its implications. Using a model that is calibrated to simulation results and predicts halo structures in spiked power spectra based on their formation times, we calculate new upper bounds on the primordial power spectrum based on limits on the dark matter annihilation rate within the Galaxy. We find that despite assuming shallower profiles, this minihalo model actually yields stronger constraints than the previous UCMH picture owing to its inclusion of all minihalos instead of only the earliest-forming ones.
Additional file 8 of BORIS/CTCFL epigenetically reprograms clustered CTCF binding sites into alternative transcriptional start sites
Creators: name: Pugacheva, Elena M.
name: Bhatt, Dharmendra Nath
name: Rivero-Hinojosa, Samuel
name: Tajmul, Md
name: Fedida, Liron
name: Price, Emma
name: Ji, Yon
name: Loukinov, Dmitri
name: Strunnikov, Alexander V.
name: Ren, Bing
name: Lobanenkov, Victor V.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 8: Supplementary Table S7. A list of primers sequences used for RT-qPCR.
Growth of dark matter perturbations during kination
Creators: name: Erickcek, A.L.
name: Trezza, A.
name: Redmond, K.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2018

description: If the Universe's energy density was dominated by a fast-rolling scalar field while the radiation bath was hot enough to thermally produce dark matter, then dark matter with larger-than-canonical annihilation cross sections can generate the observed dark matter relic abundance. To further constrain these scenarios, we investigate the evolution of small-scale density perturbations during such a period of kination. We determine that once a perturbation mode enters the horizon during kination, the gravitational potential drops sharply and begins to oscillate and decay. Nevertheless, dark matter density perturbations that enter the horizon during an era of kination grow linearly with the scale factor prior to the onset of radiation domination. Consequently, kination leaves a distinctive imprint on the matter power spectrum: scales that enter the horizon during kination have enhanced inhomogeneity. We also consider how matter density perturbations evolve when the dominant component of the Universe has a generic equation-of-state parameter w. We find that matter density perturbations do not grow if they enter the horizon when 0<w<1/3. If matter density perturbations enter the horizon when w>1/3, their growth is faster than the logarithmic growth experienced during radiation domination. The resulting boost to the small-scale matter power spectrum leads to the formation of enhanced substructure, which effectively increases the dark matter annihilation rate and could make thermal dark matter production during an era of kination incompatible with observations.