cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
(100834) Charles Austin Burroughs
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Body Mass Index, Cigarette Smoking, and Alcohol Consumption and Cancers of the Oral Cavity, Pharynx, and Larynx: Modeling Odds Ratios in Pooled Case-Control Data
Creators: name: Schwartz, Stephen M.
name: Neto, Jose Eluf
name: Lazarus, Philip
name: Daudt, Alexander W.
name: Talamini, Renato
name: Matos, Elena
name: Lubin, Jay H.
name: Wünsch-Filho, Victor
name: Menezes, Ana
name: Levi, Fabio
name: Chen, Chu
name: Castellsague, Xavier
name: Sturgis, Erich M.
name: Muscat, Joshua
name: Hayes, Richard B.
name: Boffetta, Paolo
name: Maso, Luigino Dal
name: Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonilia
name: Franceschi, Silvia
name: Zhang, Zuo Feng
name: Winn, Deborah
name: Olshan, Andrew F.
name: Mates, Ioan Nicolae
name: Wei, Qingyi
name: Fernandez, Leticia
name: Fabianova, Eleonora
name: Purdue, Mark P.
name: Hashibe, Mia
name: Shangina, Oxana
name: Gaudet, Mia M.
name: Morgenstern, Hal
name: Curado, Maria Paula
name: McClean, Michael
name: Koifman, Sergio
name: Brennan, Paul
name: Herrero, Rolando
name: Kelsey, Karl
name: La Vecchia, Carlo
name: Lissowska, Jolanta
name: Rudnai, Peter
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Odds ratios for head and neck cancer increase with greater cigarette and alcohol use and lower body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height2 (m2)). Using data from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium, the authors conducted a formal analysis of BMI as a modifier of smoking- and alcohol-related effects. Analysis of never and current smokers included 6,333 cases, while analysis of never drinkers and consumers of ≤10 drinks/day included 8,452 cases. There were 8,000 or more controls, depending on the analysis. Odds ratios for all sites increased with lower BMI, greater smoking, and greater drinking. In polytomous regression, odds ratios for BMI (P = 0.65), smoking (P = 0.52), and drinking (P = 0.73) were homogeneous for oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers. Odds ratios for BMI and drinking were greater for oral cavity/pharyngeal cancer (P < 0.01), while smoking odds ratios were greater for laryngeal cancer (P < 0.01). Lower BMI enhanced smoking- and drinking-related odds ratios for oral cavity/pharyngeal cancer (P < 0.01), while BMI did not modify smoking and drinking odds ratios for laryngeal cancer. The increased odds ratios for all sites with low BMI may suggest related carcinogenic mechanisms; however, BMI modification of smoking and drinking odds ratios for cancer of the oral cavity/pharynx but not larynx cancer suggests additional factors specific to oral cavity/pharynx cancer.
Das Spiel „Dobble“ als Feld kreativen mathematischen Arbeitens
Creators: name: Hartmann, Mutfried
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Didaktik der Mathematik
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 510

description: Spiele bieten oft sehr schöne Anlässe für mathematische Analysen. Am Beispiel der Analyse des Spiels Dobble soll hier exemplarisch aufgezeigt werden, welche Charakteristika ein solches Problem so attraktiv zur Entwicklung von Problemlösekompetenzen machen.
Non-uniform black strings and the critical dimension in the $1/D$ expansion
Creators: name: Suzuki, Ryotaku
name: Tanabe, Kentaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-uniform black strings (NUBS) are studied by the large $D$ effective theory approach. By solving the near-horizon geometry in the $1/D$ expansion, we obtain the effective equation for the deformed horizon up to the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in $1/D$. We also solve the far-zone geometry by the Newtonian approximation. Matching the near and far zones, the thermodynamic variables are computed in the $1/D$ expansion. As the result, the large $D$ analysis gives a critical dimension $D_*\simeq13.5$ at which the translation-symmetry-breaking phase transition changes between first and second order. This value of $D_*$ agrees perfectly, within the precision of the $1/D$ expansion, with the result previously obtained by E. Sorkin through the numerical resolution. We also compare our NNLO results for the thermodynamics of NUBS to earlier numerical calculations, and find good agreement within the expected precision.
description: 33 pages, 8 figures, Ancillary Mathematica notebook contains details of NNLO results; v2: Published version
Ethnic Density and Preterm Birth in African-, Caribbean-, and US-Born Non-Hispanic Black Populations in New York City
Creators: name: Mason, Susan M.
name: Hogan, Vijaya K.
name: Kaufman, Jay S.
name: Savitz, David A.
name: Emch, Michael E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Segregation studies suggest that the health of blacks in the United States is poorer in majority-black compared with mixed-race neighborhoods. However, segregation studies have not examined black immigrants, who may benefit from social support and country-of-origin foods in black immigrant areas. The authors used 1995–2003 New York City birth records and a spatial measure of ethnic density to conduct a cross-sectional investigation of the risks of preterm birth for African-, Caribbean-, and US-born non-Hispanic black women associated with neighborhood-level African-, Caribbean-, and US-born non-Hispanic black density, respectively. Preterm birth risk differences were computed from logistic model coefficients, comparing neighborhoods in the 90th percentile of ethnic density with those in the 10th percentile. African black preterm birth risks increased with African density, especially in more deprived neighborhoods, where the risk difference was 6.1 per 1,000 (95% confidence interval: 1.9, 10.2). There was little evidence of an ethnic density effect among non-Hispanic black Caribbeans. Among US-born non-Hispanic blacks, an increase in preterm birth risk associated with US-born black density was observed in more deprived neighborhoods only (risk difference = 12.5, 95% confidence interval: 6.6, 18.4). Ethnic density seems to be more strongly associated with preterm birth for US-born non-Hispanic blacks than for non-Hispanic black immigrants.
Micropropagation of three endemic and endangered fig (Ficus carica L.) genotypes
Creators: name: Shahcheraghi, S.T.
name: Shekafandeh, A.
Publisher: name: Advances in Horticultural Science
Year: 2017

description: In this research, in vitro propagation of three endangered and endemic fig genotypes named ‘Bargchenari’, ‘Dehdez’ and ‘Runu’ were investigated. For shoots proliferation, nodal explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium were treated with different concentrations of growth regulators. Rooting of shoots was initiated by the use of MS and MS/2 media and various concentrations of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0, 0.5, 1 or 1.5 mg l-1). The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design. Results showed that shoots proliferation improved as subcultures increased. The highest shoot numbers per explant 13.67 and 8.8 were achieved eight weeks after second subculture in ‘Runu’ and ‘Bargchenari’ genotypes respectively, when MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l-1 benzyl adenine (BA) and 0.2 mg l-1 N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenine (2ip). In ‘Dehdez’ genotype, the number of shoots was 4.4 per explant, when culture media were supplemented with 6 mg l-1 Kinetin (Kn) and 0.2 mg l-1 6-α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The highest root numbers (2.23) were obtained in ‘Bargchenari’ genotype on MS/2 medium containing 1.5 mg l-1 IBA.
description: Advances in Horticultural Science, Vol 30 No 3 (2016)
(100829) Matilda Mactire Clarke
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Fitting General Relative Risk Models for Survival Time and Matched Case-Control Analysis
Creators: name: Langholz, Bryan
name: Richardson, David B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of survival data and conditional logistic regression analysis of matched case-control data are methods that are widely used by epidemiologists. Standard statistical software packages accommodate only log-linear model forms, which imply exponential exposure-response functions and multiplicative interactions. In this paper, the authors describe methods for fitting non-log-linear Cox and conditional logistic regression models. The authors use data from a study of lung cancer mortality among Colorado Plateau uranium miners (1950–1982) to illustrate these methods for fitting general relative risk models to matched case-control control data, countermatched data with weights, d:m matching, and full cohort Cox regression using the SAS statistical package (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina).
Statistics Netherlands' Person Network: improvements, expansions and applications
Creators: name: Das, Marjolijn
name: van der Laan, Jan
name: de Jonge, Edwin
name: de Vries, Marieke
name: de Heij, Vincent
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: CBS (Statistics Netherlands) developed Person Network (PN), a file that describes networks of the entire population of the Netherlands in 2018. The potential networks of individuals are derived from administrative data (microdata) and contain five so-called network layers: family members, household members, neighbours, colleagues, and classmates. The first pilot for this work, focusing on the information over 2014, was developed earlier through the ODISSEI Secure Super Computer (OSSC). This article discusses the main improvements and extensions in the Person Network file and describes some of the results of the application of the file in the segregation research.
(100831) Benjamin Gustavus Burroughs
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Generalizing Evidence From Randomized Clinical Trials to Target Populations: The ACTG 320 Trial
Creators: name: Cole, Stephen R.
name: Stuart, Elizabeth A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Properly planned and conducted randomized clinical trials remain susceptible to a lack of external validity. The authors illustrate a model-based method to standardize observed trial results to a specified target population using a seminal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment trial, and they provide Monte Carlo simulation evidence supporting the method. The example trial enrolled 1,156 HIV-infected adult men and women in the United States in 1996, randomly assigned 577 to a highly active antiretroviral therapy and 579 to a largely ineffective combination therapy, and followed participants for 52 weeks. The target population was US people infected with HIV in 2006, as estimated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results from the trial apply, albeit muted by 12%, to the target population, under the assumption that the authors have measured and correctly modeled the determinants of selection that reflect heterogeneity in the treatment effect. In simulations with a heterogeneous treatment effect, a conventional intent-to-treat estimate was biased with poor confidence limit coverage, but the proposed estimate was largely unbiased with appropriate confidence limit coverage. The proposed method standardizes observed trial results to a specified target population and thereby provides information regarding the generalizability of trial results.
Micro-physics simulations of columnar recombination along nuclear recoil tracks in high-pressure Xe gas for directional dark matter searches
Creators: name: Nakajima, Y.
name: Goldschmidt, A.
name: Long, M.
name: Nygren, D.
name: Oliveira, C.
name: Renner, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Directional sensitivity is one of the most important aspects of WIMP dark matter searches. Yet, making the direction of nuclear recoil visible with large target masses is a challenge. To achieve this, we are exploring a new method of detecting directions of short nuclear recoil tracks in high-pressure Xe gas, down to a few micron long, by utilizing columnar recombination. Columnar recombination changes the scintillation and ionization yields depending on the angle between a track and the electric field direction. In order to realize this, efficient cooling of electrons is essential. Trimethylamine(TMA) is one of the candidate additives to gaseous Xe in order to enhance the effect, not only by efficiently cooling the electrons, but also by increasing the amount of columnar recombination by Penning transfer. We performed a detailed simulation of ionization electrons transport created by nuclear recoils in a Xe + TMA gas mixture, and evaluated the size of the columnar recombination signal. The results show that the directionality signal can be obtained for a track longer than a few micrometers in some ideal cases. Although more studies with realistic assumptions are still needed in order to assess feasibility of this technique, this potentially opens a new possibility for dark matter searches.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the seventh international symposium on large TPCs for low-energy rare event detection, Paris, December 15-17, 2014
Genetic Variants Identified in a European Genome-Wide Association Study That Were Found to Predict Incident Coronary Heart Disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Creators: name: Bressler, Jan
name: Volcik, Kelly A.
name: Folsom, Aaron R.
name: Boerwinkle, Eric
name: Couper, David J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: In 2007, the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) performed a genome-wide association study in 2,000 British coronary heart disease (CHD) cases and 3,000 controls after genotyping 469,557 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Seven variants associated with CHD were initially identified, and 5 SNPs were later found in replication studies. In the current study, the authors aimed to determine whether the 12 SNPs reported by the WTCCC predicted incident CHD through 2004 in a biracial, prospective cohort study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) comprising 15,792 persons aged 45–64 years who had been selected by probability sampling from 4 different US communities in 1987–1989. Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for age and gender were used to estimate CHD hazard rate ratios (HRRs) over a 17-year period (1,362 cases in whites and 397 cases in African Americans) under an additive genetic model. The results showed that 3 SNPs in whites (rs599839, rs1333049, and rs501120; HRRs were 1.10 (P = 0.044), 1.14 (P < 0.001), and 1.14 (P = 0.030), respectively) and 1 SNP in African Americans (rs7250581; HRR = 1.60, P = 0.05) were significantly associated with incident CHD. This study demonstrates that genetic variants revealed in a case-control genome-wide association study enriched for early disease onset may play a role in the genetic etiology of CHD in the general population.
Intake of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Distal Large Bowel Cancer Risk in Whites and African Americans
Creators: name: Sandler, Robert S.
name: Kim, Sangmi
name: Sandler, Dale P.
name: Galanko, Joseph
name: Martin, Christopher
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may have antineoplastic properties in the colon. The authors examined the association between intakes of different PUFAs and distal large bowel cancer in a population-based case-control study of 1,503 whites (716 cases; 787 controls) and 369 African Americans (213 cases; 156 controls) in North Carolina (2001–2006). Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for distal large bowel cancer risk in relation to quartiles of PUFA intake. Increased consumption of long-chain ω-3 PUFAs was associated with reduced risk of distal large bowel cancer in whites (multivariable odds ratios = 0.88 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63, 1.22), 0.69 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.98), and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.71) for second, third, and highest vs. lowest quartile) (Ptrend < 0.01). Intake of individual eicosapentaenoic acids and docosahexaenoic acids was inversely related to distal large bowel cancer risk, whereas the ratio of ω-6 to long-chain ω-3 PUFAs was associated with increased risk of distal large bowel cancer in whites, but not among African Americans (Pinteraction < 0.05). Study results support the hypothesis that long-chain ω-3 PUFAs have beneficial effects in colorectal carcinogenesis. Whether or not the possible benefit of long-chain ω-3 PUFAs varies by race warrants further evaluation.
Pre-storage putrescine treatment maintains quality and prolongs postharvest life of Musa acuminata L.
Creators: name: Hosseini, M.S.
name: Zahedi, S.M.
name: Fakhar, Z.
Publisher: name: Advances in Horticultural Science
Year: 2017

description: The study was carried out to determine the effect of putrescine on quality and postharvest life of Musa acuminata L. during storage. The fruits were dipped at different concentrations of putrescine (0.5, 1 and 2 mM for 30 min) and distilled water as ‘control’. Changes in fruit quality attributes such as weight loss, firmness, skin color (L*, hue angle), total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), pH, ascorbic acid, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and polygalacturonase (PG) enzymatic activity were calculated at harvest and after 5, 10, 15 and 20 days of storage at 0±1°C, 80-85% relative humidity. Weight loss, fruit softening, skin color changes, TSS, pH, the activity of PPO and PG increased during fruit ripening but the rate of changes was significantly slowed in putrescine treated fruits. Moreover, putrescine application maintained higher levels of TA, ascorbic acid and reduced the loss of sensory acceptability and decay incidence compared to control. In conclusion, the postharvest dip treatment of putrescine could be an effective means for extending the storage life of Musa acuminata L.
description: Advances in Horticultural Science, Vol 30 No 3 (2016)
Mapping Health Data: Improved Privacy Protection With Donut Method Geomasking
Creators: name: Miller, William C.
name: Leone, Peter A.
name: Fitch, Molly K.
name: Hampton, Kristen H.
name: Gesink, Dionne C.
name: Doherty, Irene A.
name: Allshouse, William B.
name: Serre, Marc L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: A major challenge in mapping health data is protecting patient privacy while maintaining the spatial resolution necessary for spatial surveillance and outbreak identification. A new adaptive geomasking technique, referred to as the donut method, extends current methods of random displacement by ensuring a user-defined minimum level of geoprivacy. In donut method geomasking, each geocoded address is relocated in a random direction by at least a minimum distance, but less than a maximum distance. The authors compared the donut method with current methods of random perturbation and aggregation regarding measures of privacy protection and cluster detection performance by masking multiple disease field simulations under a range of parameters. Both the donut method and random perturbation performed better than aggregation in cluster detection measures. The performance of the donut method in geoprivacy measures was at least 42.7% higher and in cluster detection measures was less than 4.8% lower than that of random perturbation. Results show that the donut method provides a consistently higher level of privacy protection with a minimal decrease in cluster detection performance, especially in areas where the risk to individual geoprivacy is greatest.
title: Deux garçons à l’épreuve. La désobéissance punie
title: Two boys on trial. Disobedience punished
Creators: name: Tersis, Nicole
Publisher: name: Pangloss
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Linguistique
subject: Dendi

description: Ce conte présente le parcours initiatique de deux garçons face à un certain nombre d’épreuves que leur fait subir une vieille femme. L’un d’entre eux suivra toutes les recommandations de la vieille femme et obtiendra la richesse, l’autre ne tiendra pas compte de ces demandes et restera dans la misère.
title: Prospective multicenter study on DRLs comparison according to clinical indication and anatomical region. Intermediate results.
Creators: name: Brat, Hugues
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: CT
subject: Thorax
subject: Abdomen
subject: Action 13 - Stakeholder engagement and collaboration
subject: Action 2 - Clinical diagnostic reference levels (DRLs)
subject: Action 10 - Improved communication and collaboration of health professionals in radiation protection
subject: Action 3 - Optimisation, diagnostic reference levels, image quality
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Dosimetric comparison

description: Background/Introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and Recommendations Personal/Organisational information References
description: Background/Introduction: How can we improve patient's X-ray exposure, given that most countries have their own DRLs: with huge differences in terms of values when comparing countries besides they are few and always linked to anatomical regions There is clearly a lack of...
ISP-friendly Peer-assisted On-demand Streaming of Long Duration Content in BBC iPlayer
Creators: name: Karamshuk, Dmytro
name: Sastry, Nishanth
name: Secker, Andrew
name: Chandaria, Jigna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In search of scalable solutions, CDNs are exploring P2P support. However, the benefits of peer assistance can be limited by various obstacle factors such as ISP friendliness - requiring peers to be within the same ISP, bitrate stratification - the need to match peers with others needing similar bitrate, and partial participation - some peers choosing not to redistribute content. This work relates potential gains from peer assistance to the average number of users in a swarm, its capacity, and empirically studies the effects of these obstacle factors at scale, using a month-long trace of over 2 million users in London accessing BBC shows online. Results indicate that even when P2P swarms are localised within ISPs, up to 88% of traffic can be saved. Surprisingly, bitrate stratification results in 2 large sub-swarms and does not significantly affect savings. However, partial participation, and the need for a minimum swarm size do affect gains. We investigate improvements to gain from increasing content availability through two well-studied techniques: content bundling - combining multiple items to increase availability, and historical caching of previously watched items. Bundling proves ineffective as increased server traffic from larger bundles outweighs benefits of availability, but simple caching can considerably boost traffic gains from peer assistance.
description: In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2015
Neighborhood Poverty and Injection Cessation in a Sample of Injection Drug Users
Creators: name: Kirk, Gregory D.
name: Cole, Stephen R.
name: Mehta, Shruti H.
name: Chu, Haitao
name: Celentano, David D.
name: Latimer, William W.
name: Galea, Sandro
name: Vlahov, David
name: Nandi, Arijit
name: Glass, Thomas A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Neighborhood socioeconomic environment may be a determinant of injection drug use cessation. The authors used data from a prospective cohort study of Baltimore City, Maryland, injection drug users assessed between 1990 and 2006. The study examined the relation between living in a poorer neighborhood and the probability of injection cessation among active injectors, independent of individual characteristics and while respecting the temporality of potential confounders, exposure, and outcome. Participants’ residences were geocoded, and the crude, adjusted, and inverse probability of exposure weighted associations between neighborhood poverty and injection drug use cessation were estimated. Weighted models showed a strong association between neighborhood poverty and injection drug use cessation; living in a neighborhood with fewer than 10%, compared with more than 30%, of residents in poverty was associated with a 44% increased odds of not injecting in the prior 6 months (odds ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence interval: 1.14, 1.82). Results show that neighborhood environment may be an important determinant of drug injection behavior independent of individual-level characteristics.
The Potentially Modifiable Burden of Incident Heart Failure Due to Obesity: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Creators: name: Rosamond, Wayne D.
name: Heiss, Gerardo
name: Chang, Patricia P.
name: Loehr, Laura R.
name: Poole, Charles
name: Deswal, Anita
name: McNeill, Ann Marie
name: Folsom, Aaron R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The authors estimated the generalized impact fraction (GIF) for heart failure (HF) related to obesity, representing the proportion of incident HF events that could be prevented from reductions in obesity and/or overweight. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study is a biracial population-based cohort study of persons aged 45–64 years from 4 US communities with a median 14 years of follow-up (1987–2003) for incident, hospitalized, or fatal HF. Body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)2) was measured at baseline (1987–1989) and categorized as normal weight (BMI <25), overweight (BMI 25–29.9), or obese (BMI ≥30). After exclusion of prevalent HF, missing BMI, and poorly represented racial groups, the sample size was 14,642. The GIF and attributable fraction were calculated using a case-load weighted-sum method. A 95% distribution of the GIF was estimated from bootstrapped data sets. A 30% hypothetical reduction in obesity/overweight would potentially prevent 8.5% (95% simulation interval: 6.1, 10.7) of incident HF events. The attributable fraction, which assumes complete elimination of obesity/overweight, was 28% (95% simulation interval: 20, 36)—approximately 3 times larger than the most optimistic GIF calculated here. Investigators studying exposures that are unlikely to be eradicated given current prevention efforts, such as obesity, should consider estimating the GIF to avoid overestimates of population impact.
(100827) Benjamin Gustavus Burroughs
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Self-evaluation of computed tomography use in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease
Creators: name: Hakumäki, Juhana
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Cardiac
subject: Action 5 - Performance indicators for radiation protection management
subject: Action 2 - Clinical diagnostic reference levels (DRLs)
subject: Action 6 - Clinical audit tool for imaging
subject: Action 9 - Development of criteria for safe imaging procedures
subject: Action 3 - Optimisation, diagnostic reference levels, image quality
subject: Action 2 - Clinical audit
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Dosimetric comparison
subject: Quality assurance

description: Background/Introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and Recommendations Personal/Organisational information References
description: Background/Introduction: Clinical Audit is a systematic review of the radiological procedures in order to improve the quality and the outcome of patient care 1 . The Member States are required to implement clinical audits in accordance with national procedures. In 2011, the...
title: Novel Semiconductor Materials for Mid-Infrared Optoelectronic Application
Creators: name: Cao, Zhongming
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2021

description: Thin film gallium antimony bismuth (GaSbBi) grown on GaSb substrate via molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) have been explored in this thesis by characterising the films electrical, physical and optical properties. From these wafers Schottky diodes, and metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (MSM-PDs) have been investigated. Another promising material for infrared photodetectors is InAs, in this work the use of high-k based dielectrics has been investigated to improve the passivation of InAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs). Initially, the influence of postgrowth thermal annealing on GaSbBi Schottky barrier diodes has been investigated. The I-V characteristics indicated a better ideality factor and less leakage current at the reverse bias, as the annealing temperature increased up to 500 °C for a duration of 30 min. X-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscope measurements were performed to verify that the bismuth composition was unaffected during the annealing process. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis indicated that Sb clustering occurs at high annealing temperatures, resulting in a concomitant degradation in the electrical performance. The optimum electrical characteristics of the diode were obtained with an annealing temperature of 500 °C for 30 min, resulting in an ideality factor of 1.3 being achieved. The optimised GaSbBi and GaSbN samples were then fabricated into MSM-PDs and verify the viability of using GaSbBi and GaSbN as active layers in photodetector. The cut-off wavelength extended to 1950 nm (2.9% Bi), 1990 nm (3.8% Bi), 2080 nm (4.5% Bi) and 2190 nm (1.5% N) have been observed, demonstrating the viability of using Bi and N for mid-infrared sensing. The comparison of different geometry on the photo spectral response indicating Bi incorporation increase the lattice expansion, which reduce the carrier concentration of the devices. Optimization of InAs based APDs are reported in this thesis. The use of high-k dielectric material as a passivation layer to improve the performance of InAs APDs are discussed. Three potential passivation layers, including ZnO, Al2O3 and MgO have been identified, all of which enables the suppression of surface leakage in smaller sized InAs APDs with a radius of 50 ìm and at lower temperatures of 175 K compared to a reference SU8 device. The influence of repeated temperature cycling on these layers has also been investigated with ZnO observed clear degradation after ten cycle, MgO shows almost a 10% higher current at a constant voltage after ten temperature cycles and Al2O3 passivated device, exhibiting no change in performance after temperature cycles. Suggesting Al2O3 as an effective and stable material for InAs APDs.
title: Activities of the EuroSafe Imaging European CT Dose Repository Subgroup
Creators: name: Neri, Emanuele
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Action 5 - Performance indicators for radiation protection management
subject: Action 2 - Clinical diagnostic reference levels (DRLs)
subject: Action 6 - Clinical audit tool for imaging
subject: Action 9 - Development of criteria for safe imaging procedures
subject: Action 3 - Optimisation, diagnostic reference levels, image quality
subject: Action 2 - Clinical audit
subject: CT
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Quality assurance

description: Background/Introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and Recommendations Personal/Organisational information References
description: Background/Introduction: The CT Dose repository is the 3rd EuroSafe imaging subgroup, which members are D. Caramella (IT), G. Paulo (PT), J. Damilakis (Gr) and A. Torresin (IT), with S. Ebdon-Jackson, a co-opted member from HERCA (European Radiological protection Competent...
Evaporation effects in elastocapillary aggregation
Creators: name: Hadjittofis, Andreas
name: Lister, John R.
name: Singh, Kiran
name: Vella, Dominic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the effect of evaporation on the aggregation of a number of elastic objects due to a liquid's surface tension. In particular, we consider an array of spring--block elements in which the gaps between blocks are filled by thin liquid films that evaporate during the course of an experiment. Using lubrication theory to account for the fluid flow within the gaps, we study the dynamics of aggregation. We find that a non-zero evaporation rate causes the elements to aggregate more quickly and, indeed, to contact within finite time. However, we also show that the number of elements within each cluster decreases as the evaporation rate increases. We explain these results quantitatively by comparison with the corresponding two-body problem and discuss their relevance for controlling pattern formation in elastocapillary systems.
description: Revised version - more or less as published
Time Scale and Adjusted Survival Curves for Marginal Structural Cox Models
Creators: name: Jacobson, Lisa P.
name: Tien, Phyllis C.
name: Cole, Stephen R.
name: Funk, Michele Jonsson
name: Anastos, Kathryn
name: Kingsley, Lawrence
name: Westreich, Daniel
name: Chmiel, Joan S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Typical applications of marginal structural time-to-event (e.g., Cox) models have used time on study as the time scale. Here, the authors illustrate use of time on treatment as an alternative time scale. In addition, a method is provided for estimating Kaplan-Meier–type survival curves for marginal structural models. For illustration, the authors estimate the total effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on time to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or death in 1,498 US men and women infected with human immunodeficiency virus and followed for 6,556 person-years between 1995 and 2002; 323 incident cases of clinical AIDS and 59 deaths occurred. Of the remaining 1,116 participants, 77% were still under observation at the end of follow-up. By using time on study, the hazard ratio for AIDS or death comparing always with never using highly active antiretroviral therapy from the marginal structural model was 0.52 (95% confidence interval: 0.35, 0.76). By using time on treatment, the analogous hazard ratio was 0.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.32, 0.60). In time-to-event analyses, the choice of time scale may have a meaningful impact on estimates of association and precision. In the present example, use of time on treatment yielded a hazard ratio further from the null and more precise than use of time on study as the time scale.
Analysis of a Zero of a Beta Function Using All-Orders Summation of Diagrams
Creators: name: Shrock, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conventionally, one calculates a zero in a beta function by computing this function to a given loop order and solving for the zero. Here we discuss a different method which is applicable in theories where one can perform a partial diagrammatic summation to infinite-loop order. We show that this method, compared with the conventional method, yields much better agreement with exact results in the case of an asymptotically free gauge theory with ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetry. Applications to other field theories are also discussed.
description: 5 pages, latex
(100828) Matilda Fenella Clarke
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Using Marginal Structural Measurement-Error Models to Estimate the Long-term Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on Incident AIDS or Death
Creators: name: Kingsley, Lawrence
name: Jacobson, Lisa P.
name: Cole, Stephen R.
name: Tien, Phyllis C.
name: Anastos, Kathryn
name: Chmiel, Joan S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: To estimate the net effect of imperfectly measured highly active antiretroviral therapy on incident acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or death, the authors combined inverse probability-of-treatment-and-censoring weighted estimation of a marginal structural Cox model with regression-calibration methods. Between 1995 and 2007, 950 human immunodeficiency virus–positive men and women were followed in 2 US cohort studies. During 4,054 person-years, 374 initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy, 211 developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or died, and 173 dropped out. Accounting for measured confounders and determinants of dropout, the weighted hazard ratio for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or death comparing use of highly active antiretroviral therapy in the prior 2 years with no therapy was 0.36 (95% confidence limits: 0.21, 0.61). This association was relatively constant over follow-up (P = 0.19) and stronger than crude or adjusted hazard ratios of 0.75 and 0.95, respectively. Accounting for measurement error in reported exposure using external validation data on 331 men and women provided a hazard ratio of 0.17, with bias shifted from the hazard ratio to the estimate of precision as seen by the 2.5-fold wider confidence limits (95% confidence limits: 0.06, 0.43). Marginal structural measurement-error models can simultaneously account for 3 major sources of bias in epidemiologic research: validated exposure measurement error, measured selection bias, and measured time-fixed and time-varying confounding.
title: Activities of the EuroSafe Imaging "Appropriate Image Quality" Subgroup
Creators: name: Stiller, Wolfram
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Radiation safety
subject: Digital radiography
subject: CT
subject: Cone beam CT
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Action 5 - Performance indicators for radiation protection management
subject: Action 9 - Facilitation of research in advanced topics of radiation protection
subject: Action 2 - Clinical diagnostic reference levels (DRLs)
subject: Action 9 - Development of criteria for safe imaging procedures
subject: Action 7 - Medical radiation protection research: MELODI, EURAMED
subject: Action 3 - Optimisation, diagnostic reference levels, image quality
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Education and training
subject: Quality assurance

description: Background/Introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and Recommendations Personal/Organisational information References
description: Background/Introduction: In clinical routine, different imaging tasks require different levels of quality: Images of the highest quality are not essential for all diagnostic tasks. Instead, the level of image quality needed (e.g. good low-contrast discernibility at low...
(100825) Matthew Inglett Fortescue Brickdale
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Fundamental gaps with approximate density functionals: the derivative discontinuity revealed from ensemble considerations
Creators: name: Kraisler, Eli
name: Kronik, Leeor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fundamental gap is a central quantity in the electronic structure of matter. Unfortunately, the fundamental gap is not generally equal to the Kohn-Sham gap of density functional theory (DFT), even in principle. The two gaps differ precisely by the derivative discontinuity, namely, an abrupt change in slope of the exchange-correlation (xc) energy as a function of electron number, expected across an integer-electron point. Popular approximate functionals are thought to be devoid of a derivative discontinuity, strongly compromising their performance for prediction of spectroscopic properties. Here we show that, in fact, all exchange-correlation functionals possess a derivative discontinuity, which arises naturally from the application of ensemble considerations within DFT, without any empiricism. This derivative discontinuity can be expressed in closed form using only quantities obtained in the course of a standard DFT calculation of the neutral system. For small, finite systems, addition of this derivative discontinuity indeed results in a greatly improved prediction for the fundamental gap, even when based on the most simple approximate exchange-correlation density functional - the local density approximation (LDA). For solids, the same scheme is exact in principle, but when applied to LDA it results in a vanishing derivative discontinuity correction. This failure is shown to be directly related to the failure of LDA in predicting fundamental gaps from total energy differences in extended systems.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
The fraction and kinematics of broad absorption line quasars across cosmic time
Creators: name: Bischetti, Manuela
name: Fiore, Fabrizio
name: Feruglio, Chiara
name: D'Odorico, Valentina
name: Arav, Nahum
name: Costa, Tiago
name: Zubovas, Kastytis
name: Becker, George
name: Bosman, Sarah E. I.
name: Cupani, Guido
name: Davies, Rebecca
name: Eilers, Anna-Christina
name: Farina, Emanuele Paolo
name: Ferrara, Andrea
name: Gaspari, Massimo
name: Mazzucchelli, Chiara
name: Onoue, Masafusa
name: Piconcelli, Enrico
name: Zanchettin, Maria-Vittoria
name: Zhu, Yongda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Luminous quasars are powerful targets to investigate the role of feedback from supermassive black-holes (BHs) in regulating the growth phases of BHs themselves and of their host galaxies, up to the highest redshifts. Here we investigate the cosmic evolution of the occurrence and kinematics of BH-driven outflows, as traced by broad absorption line (BAL) features, due to the C IV ionic transition. We exploit a sample of 1935 quasars quasars at $z=2.1-6.6$ with bolometric luminosity log($L_{\rm bol}/$erg s$^{-1})\gtrsim46.5$, drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and from the X-shooter legacy survey of Quasars at Reionisation (XQR-30). We consider rest-frame optical bright quasars to minimise observational biases due to quasar selection criteria. We apply a homogeneous BAL identification analysis, based on employing composite template spectra to estimate the quasar intrinsic emission. We find a BAL quasar fraction close to 20\% at $z\sim2-4$, while it increases to almost 50\% at $z\sim6$. The velocity and width of the BAL features also increase at $z\gtrsim4.5$. We exclude that the redshift evolution of the BAL properties is due to differences in terms of quasar luminosity and accretion rate. These results suggest significant BH feedback occurring in the 1 Gyr old Universe, likely affecting the growth of BHs and, possibly, of their host galaxies, as supported by models of early BH and galaxy evolution.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ