cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dynamic morphometric characterization of local connective tissue network structure in humans using ultrasound
Creators: name: Langevin, Helene
name: Rizzo, Donna
name: Fox, James
name: Badger, Gary
name: Wu, Junru
name: Konofagou, Elisa E.
name: Stevens-Tuttle, Debbie
name: Bouffard, Nicole
name: Krag, Martin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Collagen
Diagnostic ultrasonic imaging
Connective tissues--Physiology
Biology--Classification
Histology

description: Background: In humans, connective tissue forms a complex, interconnected network throughout the body that may have mechanosensory, regulatory and signaling functions. Understanding these potentially important phenomena requires non-invasive measurements of collagen network structure that can be performed in live animals or humans. The goal of this study was to show that ultrasound can be used to quantify dynamic changes in local connective tissue structure in vivo. We first performed combined ultrasound and histology examinations of the same tissue in two subjects undergoing surgery: in one subject, we examined the relationship of ultrasound to histological images in three dimensions; in the other, we examined the effect of a localized tissue perturbation using a previously developed robotic acupuncture needling technique. In ten additional non-surgical subjects, we quantified changes in tissue spatial organization over time during needle rotation vs. no rotation using ultrasound and semi-variogram analyses. Results: 3-D renditions of ultrasound images showed longitudinal echogenic sheets that matched with collagenous sheets seen in histological preparations. Rank correlations between serial 2-D ultrasound and corresponding histology images resulted in high positive correlations for semi-variogram ranges computed parallel (r = 0.79, p < 0.001) and perpendicular (r = 0.63, p < 0.001) to the surface of the skin, indicating concordance in spatial structure between the two data sets. Needle rotation caused tissue displacement in the area surrounding the needle that was mapped spatially with ultrasound elastography and corresponded to collagen bundles winding around the needle on histological sections. In semi-variograms computed for each ultrasound frame, there was a greater change in the area under the semi-variogram curve across successive frames during needle rotation compared with no rotation. The direction of this change was heterogeneous across subjects. The frame-to-frame variability was 10-fold (p < 0.001) greater with rotation than with no rotation indicating changes in tissue structure during rotation. Conclusion: The combination of ultrasound and semi-variogram analyses allows quantitative assessment of dynamic changes in the structure of human connective tissue in vivo.
FerroX : A GPU-accelerated, 3D Phase-Field Simulation Framework for Modeling Ferroelectric Devices
Creators: name: Kumar, Prabhat
name: Nonaka, Andrew
name: Jambunathan, Revathi
name: Pahwa, Girish
name: Salahuddin, Sayeef
name: Yao, Zhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a massively parallel, 3D phase-field simulation framework for modeling ferro-electric materials based scalable logic devices. We self-consistently solve the time-dependent Ginzburg Landau (TDGL) equation for ferroelectric polarization, Poisson equation for electric potential, and charge equation for carrier densities in semiconductor regions. The algorithm is implemented using the AMReX software framework, which provides effective scalability on manycore and GPU-based supercomputing architectures. We demonstrate the performance of the algorithm with excellent scaling results on NERSC multicore and GPU systems, with a significant (15x) speedup on the GPU using a node-by-node comparison. We further demonstrate the applicability of the code in simulations of ferroelectric domain-wall induced negative capacitance (NC) effect in Metal-Ferroelectric-Insulator-Metal (MFIM) and Metal-Ferroelectric-Insulator-Semiconductor-Metal (MFISM) devices. The charge (Q) v.s. applied voltage (V) responses for these structures clearly indicates stabilized negative capacitance.
Origin of defect-related green emission from ZnO nanoparticles: effect of surface modification
Creators: name: Gong, Yinyan
name: Andelman, Tamar
name: Neumark, Gertrude
name: O’Brien, Stephen
name: Kuskovsky, Igor
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Photoluminescence
Nanofluids
Spectral energy distribution
Nanoparticles
Nanoscience
Physics
Chemistry, Physical and theoretical

description: We investigated the optical properties of colloidal-synthesized ZnO spherical nanoparticles prepared from 1-octadecene (OD), a mixture of trioctylamine (TOA) and OD (1:10), and a mixture of trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and OD (1:12). It is found that the green photoluminescence (PL) of samples from the mixture of TOA/ OD and TOPO/OD is largely suppressed compared with that from pure OD. Moreover, it is found that all spherical nanoparticles have positive zeta potential, and spherical nanoparticles from TOA/OD and TOPO/OD have a smaller zeta potential than those from OD. A plausible explanation is that oxygen vacancies, presumably located near the surface, contribute to the green PL, and the introduction of TOA and TOPO will reduce the density of oxygen vacancies near the surfaces. Assuming that the green emission arises due to radiative recombination between deep levels formed by oxygen vacancies and free holes, we estimate the size of optically active spherical nanoparticles from the spectral energy of the green luminescence. The results are in good agreement with results from TEM. Since this method is independent of the degree of confinement, it has a great advantage in providing a simple and practical way to estimate the size of spherical nanoparticles of any size. We would like to point out that this method is only
applicable for samples with a small size distribution.
The Adiabatic Wigner-Weisskopf Model
Creators: name: Joye, Alain
name: Merkli, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Q05

description: We consider a slowly varying time dependent d-level atom interacting with a photon field. Restricted to the single excitation atom-field sector, the model is a time-dependent generalization of the Wigner-Weisskopf model describing spontaneous emission of an atomic excitation into the radiation field. We analyze the dynamics of the atom and of the radiation field in the adiabatic and small coupling approximations, in various regimes. In particular, starting with an excited atomic state, we provide a description of both the radiative decay of the atom and of the buildup of the photon excitation in the field.
Modeling individual-specific changes in circadian rest-activity rhythm before and during a depressive episode
Creators: name: Minaeva, Olga
name: Schat, Evelien
name: Ceulemans, Eva
name: Kunkels, Yoram
name: Smit, Arnout
name: Wichers, M.
name: Booij, Sanne
name: Riese, Harriette
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mental and Social Health
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: Circadian rest-activity rhythm (RAR) and sleep disturbances are common in individuals with depression. Depressed individuals tend to have a delayed RAR, dampened amplitude, and lower MESOR (midline of the rhythm). Additionally, more depressive symptoms are associated with lower stability and higher fragmentation of the diurnal rhythm. Other studies also report lower levels of physical activity among depressed compared to non-depressed individuals, as well as worse reported sleep quality and often a shorter or excessively longer sleep duration. But no one has examined whether disturbances in circadian rhythm dynamics arise just before depressive symptoms kick in. It is crucial to establish when circadian rhythm elements (RAR, sleep, and physical activity) change with regards to the moment of transition to a depressive state as it might support the idea that the mechanism is causally related to depression. In the current study, we plan to investigate when changes in circadian rhythm elements occur regarding transitions from a non-depressed state to a depressed state using an idiographic (n=1) research approach. This means that we will analyze time-series data of individual patients tapering their antidepressants to unravel if changes in each of these patients’ circadian rhythms precede the recurrence of depressive symptoms and if changes did not occur if participants did not develop new depressive symptoms. This will potentially allow an important novel step in finding evidence for a causal role of the circadian rhythm in depression.
Adiabatic processes like isothermal processes
Creators: name: Nazé, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The objective of this work is to show that adiabatic processes can be very similar to isothermal ones. First, we show that the criteria for the compatibility of linear-response theory with the Second Law of Thermodynamics for thermally isolated systems are the same as those for systems performing isothermal processes. Motivated by such a result, we explore the thermodynamic consequences of the time-average excess work, observing an unexpected existence of a well-defined relaxation time for thermally isolated systems that obeys the Second Law of Thermodynamics. This is justified by recognizing that such systems, in the usual sense, present random relaxation time, which can be ``averaged'' by taking the time average of the relaxation function. Such a procedure is very similar to what happens in isothermal processes, where a stochastic average must be done on the relaxation function to have a well-defined relaxation time. In the end, we analyze the Landau-Zener model from this new point of view, discussing the construction of slowly-varying processes from linear-response theory and observing negative entropy production rates for non-monotonic and rapid protocols.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
A Simple Procedure to Extend the Gauss Method of Determining Orbital Parameters from Three to N Points
Creators: name: Mirtorabi, Taghi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple procedure is developed to determine orbital elements of an object orbiting in a central force field which contribute more than three independent celestial positions. By manipulation of formal three point Gauss method of orbit determination, an initial set of heliocentric state vectors ${\bf r}_i$ and $\dot{\bf{r}}_i$ is calculated. Then using the fact that the object follows the path that keep the constants of motion unchanged, I derive conserved quantities by applying simple linear regression method on state vectors ${\bf r}_i$ and $\dot{\bf{r}}_i$. The best orbital plane is fixed by applying an iterative procedure which minimize the variation in magnitude of angular momentum of the orbit. Same procedure is used to fix shape and orientation of the orbit in the plane by minimizing variation in total energy and Laplace Runge Lenz vector. The method is tested using simulated data for a hypothetical planet rotating around the sun.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science
Chance-constrained allocation of UFLS candidate feeders under high penetration of distributed generation
Creators: name: Badesa, Luis
name: O'Malley, Cormac
name: Parajeles, Maria
name: Strbac, Goran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Under-Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) schemes are the last resort to contain a frequency drop in the grid by disconnecting part of the demand. The allocation methods for selecting feeders that would contribute to the UFLS scheme have traditionally relied on the fact that electric demand followed fairly regular patterns, and could be forecast with high accuracy. However, recent integration of Distributed Generation (DG) increases the uncertainty in net consumption of feeders which, in turn, requires a reformulation of UFLS-allocation methods to account for this uncertainty. In this paper, a chance-constrained methodology for selecting feeders is proposed, with mathematical guarantees for the disconnection of the required amount of load with a certain pre-defined probability. The correlation in net-load forecasts among feeders is explicitly considered, given that uncertainty in DG power output is driven by meteorological conditions with high correlation across the network. Furthermore, this method is applicable either to systems with conventional UFLS schemes (where relays measure local frequency and trip if this magnitude falls below a certain threshold), or adaptive UFLS schemes (where relays are triggered by control signals sent in the few instants following a contingency). Relevant case studies demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, and the need for explicit consideration of uncertainty in the UFLS-allocation process.
description: International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
title: Bewohner von Unterfranken!; [ca. 1848]
title: Der Tag der Entscheidung naht, der die künftige Verfassung des deutschen Reichs bestimmen wird ...
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Kopftitel
UVMULTIFIT: A versatile tool for fitting astronomical radio interferometric data
Creators: name: Marti-Vidal, I.
name: Vlemmings, W. H. T.
name: Muller, S.
name: Casey, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analysis of astronomical interferometric data is often performed on the images obtained after deconvolution of the interferometer's point spread function (PSF). This strategy can be understood (especially for cases of sparse arrays) as fitting models to models, since the deconvolved images are already non-unique model representations of the actual data (i.e., the visibilities). Indeed, the interferometric images may be affected by visibility gridding, weighting schemes (e.g., natural vs. uniform), and the particulars of the (non-linear) deconvolution algorithms. Fitting models to the direct interferometric observables (i.e., the visibilities) is preferable in the cases of simple (analytical) sky intensity distributions. In this paper, we present UVMULTIFIT, a versatile library for fitting visibility data, implemented in a Python-based framework. Our software is currently based on the CASA package, but can be easily adapted to other analysis packages, provided they have a Python API. We have tested the software with synthetic data, as well as with real observations. In some cases (e.g., sources with sizes smaller than the diffraction limit of the interferometer), the results from the fit to the visibilities (e.g., spectra of close by sources) are far superior to the output obtained from the mere analysis of the deconvolved images. UVMULTIFIT is a powerful improvement of existing tasks to extract the maximum amount of information from visibility data, especially in cases close to the sensitivity/resolution limits of interferometric observations.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures. Accepted in A&A. Code available at http://nordic-alma.se/support/software-tools
High-harmonic probing of electronic coherence in dynamically aligned molecules
Creators: name: Kraus, P. M.
name: Zhang, S. B.
name: Gijsbertsen, A.
name: Lucchese, R. R.
name: Rohringer, N.
name: Wörner, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce and demonstrate a new approach to measuring coherent electron wave packets using high-harmonic spectroscopy. By preparing a molecule in a coherent superposition of electronic states, we show that electronic coherence opens previously unobserved high-harmonic-generation channels that connect distinct but coherently related electronic states. Performing the measurements in dynamically aligned nitric oxide (NO) molecules we observe the complex temporal evolution of the electronic coherence under coupling to nuclear motion. Choosing a weakly allowed transition to prepare the wave packet, we demonstrate an unprecedented sensitivity that arises from optical interference between coherent and incoherent pathways. This mechanism converts a 0.1 $%$ excitation fraction into a $\sim$20 $%$ signal modulation.
Dynamic structure factors of Cu, Ag, and Au: A comparative study from first principles
Creators: name: Alkauskas, Audrius
name: Schneider, Simon D.
name: Hébert, Cécile
name: Sagmeister, Stephan
name: Draxl, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comparative theoretical and experimental study of dynamic structure factors (momentum-dependent loss functions) of the noble metals Cu, Ag, and Au in the energy range of 0$-$60 eV. The emphasis is on theoretical results that are compared with new as well as available experimental data. Dynamic structure factors are calculated within the linear-response formalism of time-dependent density-functional theory, using the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FP-LAPW) method. For the studied energy range, local-field effects are found to be very important for Ag and Au and only marginally relevant for Cu. We present an explanation for this surprising behavior. Loss functions of all three metals possess a complex multi-peak structure. We classify the features in the loss function as being related to collective excitations, interband transitions, or mixed modes. The impact of short-range correlations on the dynamic response functions are evaluated by comparing the results of the random-phase approximation to those of the time-dependent local-density approximation. Exchange correlation effects are found to be weak for small momentum transfers, but increasingly important for larger momenta. The calculated structure factors agree well with experiments.
Reduction of Clostridium Difficile and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus contamination of environmental surfaces after an intervention to improve cleaning methods
Creators: name: Eckstein, Brittany
name: Adams, Daniel
name: Eckstein, Elizabeth
name: Rao, Agam
name: Sethi, Ajay
name: Yadavalli, Gopala
name: Donskey, Curtis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Hospital buildings--Disinfection
Enterococcus
Clostridium difficile
Epidemiology
Health services administration
Medical care

description: Background: Contaminated environmental surfaces may play an important role in transmission of some healthcare-associated pathogens. In this study, we assessed the adequacy of cleaning practices in rooms of patients with Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) colonization or infection and examined whether an intervention would result in improved decontamination of surfaces. Methods: During a 6-week period, we cultured commonly touched surfaces (i.e. bedrails, telephones, call buttons, door knobs, toilet seats, and bedside tables) in rooms of patients with CDAD and VRE colonization or infection before and after housekeeping cleaning, and again after disinfection with 10% bleach performed by the research staff. After the housekeeping staff received education and feedback, additional cultures were collected before and after housekeeping cleaning during a 10-week follow-up period. Results: Of the 17 rooms of patients with VRE colonization or infection, 16 (94%) had one or more positive environmental cultures before cleaning versus 12 (71%) after housekeeping cleaning (p = 0.125), whereas none had positive cultures after bleach disinfection by the research staff (p < 0.001). Of the 9 rooms of patients with CDAD, 100% had positive cultures prior to cleaning versus 7 (78%) after housekeeping cleaning (p = 0.50), whereas only 1 (11%) had positive cultures after bleach disinfection by research staff (p = 0.031). After an educational intervention, rates of environmental contamination after housekeeping cleaning were significantly reduced. Conclusion: Our findings provide additional evidence that simple educational interventions directed at housekeeping staff can result in improved decontamination of environmental surfaces. Such interventions should include efforts to monitor cleaning and disinfection practices and provide feedback to the housekeeping staff.
Noncommutative Cross-Ratios
Creators: name: Retakh, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14N20, 51N35, 16K99

description: We present a definition of and discuss basic properties of cross-ratios over noncommutative skew-fields. A new theorem was added.
description: LaTex, 6 pages
An instrumented baffle for the Advanced Virgo Input Mode Cleaner End Mirror
Creators: name: Andres-Carcasona, M.
name: Ballester, O.
name: Blanch, O.
name: Campos, J.
name: Caneva, G.
name: Cardiel, L.
name: Cavalli-Sforza, M.
name: Chiggiato, P.
name: Chiummo, A.
name: Ferreira, J. A.
name: Illa, J. M.
name: Karathanasis, C.
name: Kolstein, M.
name: Martinez, M.
name: Macquet, A.
name: Menendez-Vazquez, A.
name: Mir, Ll. M.
name: Mundet, J.
name: Pasqualetti, A.
name: Piccinni, O.
name: Pio, C.
name: Romero-Rodriguez, A.
name: Serrano, D.
name: Dattilo, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel instrumented baffle surrounding the suspended end mirror in the input mode cleaner cavity of the Virgo interferometer was installed in spring 2021. Since then, the device has been regularly operated in the experiment and the obtained results indicate a good agreement with simulations of the stray light inside the optical cavity. The baffle will operate in the upcoming O4 observation run, serving as a demonstrator of the technology designed to instrument the baffles in front of the main mirrors in time for O5. In this paper we present a detailed description of the baffle design, including mechanics, front-end electronics, data acquisition, as well as optical and vacuum tests, calibration and installation procedures, and performance results.
description: 12 pages, 21 figures, 3 tables, to be submitted to PRD
Computational indistinguishability and boson sampling
Creators: name: Nikolopoulos, Georgios M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a computational problem of distinguishing between the output of an ideal coarse-grained boson sampler and the output of a true random number generator, as a resource for cryptographic schemes, which are secure against computationally unbounded adversaries. Moreover, we define a cryptographic setting for the implementation of such schemes, including message encryption and authentication, as well as entity authentication.
Invited talk: The role of spontaneous activity in sensory processing
Creators: name: Abbott, Larry
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Sensory stimulation
subject: Neurophysiology--Mathematical models
subject: Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology)
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Spontaneous, background activity in sensory areas is often similar in both magnitude and form to evoked responses. Embedding responses evoked by sensory stimuli in such strong and complex background activity seems like a confusing way to represent information about the outside world. However, modeling studies indicate that, contrary to intuition, information about sensory stimuli may be better conveyed by a network displaying chaotic background activity than in a network without spontaneous activity.
CCTV – human factor challenges
Creators: name: WOOD, John
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: CCTV technology advances raise new human factor challenges in the use and
operation of these systems. Increasingly it’s the operators’ abilities which now must be fully considered if the full potential of a CCTV system is to be realised. This paper will present some core human factor considerations including, target size requirements, the impact of monitor numbers, image complexity and a taxonomy for CCTV tasks. Experiments will be described on the impact of different arrangements of images on a motorway detection task.
Combination of Scattering Matrix Code and Process Model to Optimize a Microwave Applicator Suitable for the Stabilization of PAN Fibers
Creators: name: Hofele, Julia
name: Engler, Moritz
name: Link, Guido
name: Jelonnek, John
Publisher: name: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Year: 2022

description: Carbon fiber production is an energy intensive process requiring new approaches for energy efficient heating. One possible option might be the dielectric heating. A basic requirement to design an efficient applicator is the knowledge of the variation of dielectric properties during processing. The experience shows strongly increasing dielectric loss of a Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber with increasing temperatures while it decreases during the chemical transformation in the stabilization stage. For the applicator design an electrical field that counteracts the variation of the dielectric loss is a suitable choice. In this presentation the focus is on the combination of the generalized scattering matrix (GSM) code with a process model. It shall allow for the optimization of the geometry of a cylindrical resonator usable during the stabilization stage of the PAN fiber. The scattering matrix code is utilized to calculate the field profile of a cylindrical resonator with step-wise changing diameter that acts as applicator. The number of steps can be varied, depending on the ability of production and spacial requirements.
The Role of Yemeni Translators in Promoting Humanitarian Action in Yemen During the Civil War
Creators: name: Moneus, Ahmed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 200302 English Language
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Seven years have passed since the forgotten war in Yemen, as Western media called it. During these years, the Yemeni translator played a prominent role in promoting humanitarian work by accompanying international aid and medical staff their interventions and responses in an internally displaced person (IDP) camps, field hospitals, shelters, and food and drug distribution centres. This study aimed to examine the roles played by the Yemeni translators in promoting human actions and meet community needs. An interview was conducted with 10 Yemeni translators working in the field of relief and humanitarian actions in Yemen. The United Nations has classified Yemen as one of the worst humanitarian disasters in the world. Therefore, to meet the needs of society and the huge number of internally displaced people because of the ongoing conflict. Several international organizations provided urgent assistance to affected families and IDP camps, which required bilingual translators and assistants to provide field support, monitor the needs of indigenous people. The study found that Yemeni translators have played a key role in promoting humanitarian work, despite the difficulties and risks facing their works in the field. Therefore, this study recommended training the local translators by provide an adequate and up to date training for local translators who are working in the field of translation to reach effective and professional results.
State-dependence of sensory-evoked responses in neocortex
Creators: name: Curto, Carina
name: Sakata, Shuzo
name: Itskov, Vladimir
name: Harris, Kenneth
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology)
subject: Sensory stimulation
subject: Neocortex
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: The neocortex typically operates in one of two states. The activated (desynchronized) state, typical of alert wakefulness and REM sleep, is characterized by a high-frequency, low amplitude local field potential (LFP). The inactivated (synchronized) state exhibits high low-frequency power, and spontaneous transitions between UP states of widespread depolarization and spiking, and DOWN states of generalized silence. Cortical responses to sensory stimuli exhibit enormous trial-to-trial variability, much of which is state-dependent. This presents a problem for averaging in order to find the "typical" response. One solution is to classify trials (repeated presentations of the same stimulus) into categories depending on the cortical state at the time of the stimulus (activated vs. inactivated, UP vs. DOWN, etc.). In this work, we are more interested in understanding how the intrinsic dynamics associated to different states controls population activity. We investigated the state-dependence of sensory-evoked responses using a dynamical systems approach. Cortical LFPs and population spike trains were recorded from the auditory cortex of urethane-anesthetized rats using multi-site silicon microelectrodes. 5 ms noise click stimuli were presented, and intervals of silence were used to investigate spontaneous activity. Activated states were induced by electrical stimulation of the pendunculo-pontine tegmental nucleus (PPT). We quantified the strength of "initial" and "persistent" network responses using multiple unit activity (MUA). In the activated state, initial responses were more or less consistent, whereas persistent network activity merely reflected a return to baseline. In contrast, the inactivated state exhibited greater variability in initial responses, and persistent activity that often reflected transitions between UP and DOWN states. We found that a "past activity" variable, which summarizes recent network activity, is highly correlated to persistent network activity after a stimulus presentation. In the activated state, the correlation was strongly positive, whereas in the inactivated state, the correlation was strongly negative. By viewing the MUA as the output of a dynamical system driven by external sensory stimuli, we constructed a simple nonlinear model that captures the essential dynamic differences between the activated and inactivated states, and explains much of the trial-to-trial variability of sensory-evoked responses. By fitting the model to data, we were able to determine the phase diagram associated to each kind of activity, and the bifurcation that transitions from activated to inactivated state. Furthermore, using the model we made predictions for initial and persistent responses that were better than those using past activity alone.
Magnetic control of the valley degree of freedom of massive Dirac fermions with application to transition metal dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Cai, Tianyi
name: Yang, Shengyuan A.
name: Li, Xiao
name: Zhang, Fan
name: Shi, Junren
name: Yao, Wang
name: Niu, Qian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the valley-dependent magnetic and transport properties of massive Dirac fermions in multivalley systems such as the transition metal dichalcogenides. The asymmetry of the zeroth Landau level between valleys and the enhanced magnetic susceptibility can be attributed to the different orbital magnetic moment tied with each valley. This allows the valley polarization to be controlled by tuning the external magnetic field and the doping level. As a result of this magnetic field induced valley polarization, there exists an extra contribution to the ordinary Hall effect. All these effects can be captured by a low energy effective theory with a valley-orbit coupling term.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Ultra high energy cosmic rays from past activity of Andromeda galaxy
Creators: name: Zirakashvili, V. N.
name: Ptuskin, V. S.
name: Rogovaya, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the relativistic jets associated with the growth and past activity of the supermassive black hole in the Andromeda galaxy could be the main source of cosmic rays with energies above $10^{15}$ eV. Most of the cosmic ray energy is related to a bow shock of the jet that produces multi-PeV cosmic rays with light composition. The highest energy cosmic rays with heavy composition are produced in the jet itself. The spectra of energetic particles produced in Andromeda galaxy and propagated to the Earth are calculated and compared with observations.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, corrected references, published in MNRAS Letters
HF/E in shaky places
Creators: name: MOORE, Dave
name: MEYER-COHEN, Felipe
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: This paper considers the actual and potential contribution of Human Factors /
Ergonomics in regions impacted by extreme natural events. The data is from nine
interviews with HF/E practitioners and related professionals in New Zealand and Chile, places that have recently experienced trauma from earthquakes, tsunami, inundation and related problems. The findings include suggestions of areas in which we should be more active in order to better prepare, respond and recover. Of concern to participants, is that the HF/E services offered by practitioners were too often perceived as irrelevant by the community; raising the question of what we as HF/E specialists are really here for. Can we survive and thrive when considered a luxury item?
Guaman Poma's Yupana and Inca Astronomy
Creators: name: Kak, Subhash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An explanation is provided for the Inca counting board described by Guaman Poma in 1615. Although the board could have been used in more than one way, we show that based on certain reasonable assumptions regarding non-uniform representation of numbers its most likely use was counting in multiples of 6, 24, and 72. The independent numbers represented on its five rows are 92, 31, 29, 79, and 56 that appear to be astronomically connected to sub-periods within the year and planet periods in a manner similar to Mayan astronomy. Based on these and other considerations we propose that the board fulfilled an astronomical counting function.
description: 11 pages, 15 figures
Leptoquark and vectorlike quark extended models as the explanation of $(g-2)_μ$ anomaly
Creators: name: He, Shi-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In minimal leptoquark (LQ) models, the $R_2$ and $S_1$ can be the solution to the $(g-2)_μ$ anomaly because of the chiral enhancements. Here, we study the LQ and vectorlike quark (VLQ) extended models. In the one LQ and one VLQ extended models, the $(g-2)_μ$ can receive the contributions from top and top partner $T$ because of the $t-T$ mixing. Besides the traditional $R_2$ and $S_1$ representations, we find that the $S_3$ LQ can also explain the anomaly when including the $(X,T,B)_{L,R}$ triplet at the same time. Moreover, we find that the LQ has the new decay channel $Tμ$ in these models.
description: 6 pages, 1 captioned figure, 4 tables. Based on the paper arXiv:2112.13490 [hep-ph]. Online talk presented at the 41st International Conference on High Energy Physics - ICHEP2022 (6-13 July, 2022, Bologna, Italy). Accepted for publication in Proceedings of Science
title: Adresse an die deutsche Reichsversammlung in Frankfurt; [1848]
title: Viele treffliche Redner der deutschen Reichsversammlung votirten unbedingte Gewerbefreiheit für Deutschland ... ; München, den 13. Juli 1848
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Kopftitel
Unequal working conditions in female and male dominated operations in Swedish municipalities
Creators: name: JONSSON, Christina
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: The Swedish Work Environment Authority has been assigned by the Swedish government to develop and implement directed initiatives aiming at preventing the exclusion of women from working life due to factors in the work environment. Increased equality at workplaces is an important issue. In 2013 we inspected female and maledominated operations in 56 municipalities from a gender perspective, home care services and technical management. Working environment deficiencies were found in both operations, but we put more demands on the home care services.
Quantitative Raman Spectrum and Reliable Thickness Identification for Atomic Layers on Insulating Substrates
Creators: name: Li, Song-Lin
name: Miyazaki, Hisao
name: Song, Haisheng
name: Kuramochi, Hiromi
name: Nakaharai, Shu
name: Tsukagoshi, Kazuhito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the possibility in quantifying the Raman intensities for both specimen and substrate layers in a common stacked experimental configuration and, consequently, propose a general and rapid thickness identification technique for atomic-scale layers on dielectric substrates. Unprecedentedly wide-range Raman data for atomically flat MoS2 flakes are collected to compare with theoretical models. We reveal that all intensity features can be accurately captured when including optical interference effect. Surprisingly, we find that even freely suspended chalcogenide few-layer flakes have a stronger Raman response than that from the bulk phase. Importantly, despite the oscillating intensity of specimen spectrum versus thickness, the substrate weighted spectral intensity becomes monotonic. Combined with its sensitivity to specimen thickness, we suggest this quantity can be used to rapidly determine the accurate thickness for atomic layers.
Motor strategies during meat cutting tasks in simulated and real environment
Creators: name: MADELEINE, Pascal
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: Butcher work often involves static and repetitive loads to the neck and shoulder that can lead to the development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD).
Motor strategies were assessed by recordings discomfort/pain intensity, work task timing, cutting forces, surface electromyographic and 3D kinematics in both laboratory and field settings. Novice butchers developing discomfort or shoulder pain are characterized by a motor strategy that can predispose them to develop WMSD. The motor strategies are changed in presence of discomfort and shoulder pain. These changes underlined the role of the known physical risk factors as well as the importance of motor variability.
Volume Renormalization and the Higgs
Creators: name: Dai, De-Chang
name: Stojkovic, Dejan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Traditionally, Quantum Field Theory (QFT) treats particle excitations as point-like objects, which is the source of ubiquitous divergences. We demonstrate that a minimal modification of QFT with finite volume particles may cure QFT of divergences and illuminate the physics behind the mathematical construct of our theories. The method allows for a non-perturbative treatment of the free field and self-interacting theories (though extensions to all interacting field theories might be possible). In particular, non-perturbatively defined mass is finite. When applied to the standard model Higgs mechanism, the method implies that a finite range of parameters allows for creation of a well defined Higgs particle, whose Compton wavelength is larger than its physical size, in the broken symmetry phase (as small oscillations around the vacuum). This has profound consequences for Higgs production at the LHC. The parameter range in which the Higgs excitation with the mass of 125 GeV behaves as a proper particle is very restricted.
description: Published in Europhysics Letters, Volume 105, Issue 1, article id. 11002 (2014)
Uncertainty Quantification of Nonlinear Lagrangian Data Assimilation Using Linear Stochastic Forecast Models
Creators: name: Chen, Nan
name: Fu, Shubin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Lagrangian data assimilation exploits the trajectories of moving tracers as observations to recover the underlying flow field. One major challenge in Lagrangian data assimilation is the intrinsic nonlinearity that impedes using exact Bayesian formulae for the state estimation of high-dimensional systems. In this paper, an analytically tractable mathematical framework for continuous-in-time Lagrangian data assimilation is developed. It preserves the nonlinearity in the observational processes while approximating the forecast model of the underlying flow field using linear stochastic models (LSMs). A critical feature of the framework is that closed analytic formulae are available for solving the posterior distribution, which facilitates mathematical analysis and numerical simulations. First, an efficient iterative algorithm is developed in light of the analytically tractable statistics. It accurately estimates the parameters in the LSMs using only a small number of the observed tracer trajectories. Next, the framework facilitates the development of several computationally efficient approximate filters and the quantification of the associated uncertainties. A cheap approximate filter with a diagonal posterior covariance derived from the asymptotic analysis of the posterior estimate is shown to be skillful in recovering incompressible flows. It is also demonstrated that randomly selecting a small number of tracers at each time step as observations can reduce the computational cost while retaining the data assimilation accuracy. Finally, based on a prototype model in geophysics, the framework with LSMs is shown to be skillful in filtering nonlinear turbulent flow fields with strong non-Gaussian features.
T-even transverse momentum dependent gluon fragmentation functions in a spectator model
Creators: name: Xie, Xiupeng
name: Lu, Zhun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model calculation of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) gluon fragmentation functions for the spin-1/2 and spin-0 hadrons. The model is based on the assumption that a time-like off-shell gluon can fragments into a hadron and a single spectator particle. So far such spectator models have only been used to calculate the TMD distribution functions of quark and gluons. The gluon-hadron-spectator coupling is described by an effective vertex containing two form factors. We obtain the analytic expressions for the four T-even TMD fragmentation functions of the gluon. We also present the numerical results for the $z$-dependence and $k_T$-dependence of the fragmentation functions. Our study shows that the effects of these fragmentation functions may be significant and could be probed by future experimental measurements.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
From spikes to space: reconstructing features of the environment from spikes alone
Creators: name: Itskov, Vladimir
name: Curto, Carina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Sensory stimulation
subject: Neurons
subject: Algorithms
subject: Hippocampus (Brain)--Physiology
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: A common stimulus reconstruction paradigm involves first computing the receptive fields of recorded neurons (using both spike trains and the presented stimuli), and then using the receptive field information together with neuronal activity in order to "predict" the pattern of stimuli based on local stimulus features. Some brain regions (such as hippocampus) undergo remapping of receptive fields, depending on context. How do downstream neurons integrate the mosaic of individual neuronal responses, with potentially varying receptive fields, to extract global characteristics of presented stimuli? In rodent dorsal hippocampus spatial information is encoded by place cells, i.e. pyramidal cells that fire in a restricted convex area of the spatial environment, and are mostly silent outside. The receptive fields of individual place cells (place fields) can be thus thought of as small convex domains in a two-dimensional environment. The place fields for the same neurons re-map from one spatial environment to another. In this work we show how certain global features of a spatial environment can be computed from hippocampal spiking activity alone. In particular, we consider a variety of two-dimensional environments which differ in the number of obstacles (or holes) constraining the region accessible to a freely-foraging rat. Assuming only basic properties of hippocampal place fields, we construct an algorithm that distinguishes between these different environments by computing standard topological invariants (homology groups) from population spiking activity. These invariants precisely determine the numbers of obstacles/holes in the environment – and can be computed without ever using any position-tracking information, or any other feature of the rat's trajectory through space. In particular, we never compute place fields or any other correlations between cell firing and external stimuli. We tested the algorithm using simulated data, staying as close as possible to physiological parameters seen in real data. For each of five distinct environments, open field and N-obstacle environments for N = 1,..,4, we simulated place cell spike trains corresponding to a random walk. (Place fields in different environments were completely unrelated.) The algorithm correctly identified each environment from the population spiking data. Furthermore, on shuffled data sets, the computed homology groups reflected high-dimensional, non-physical environments. We have thus shown that global features of the spatial environment can be reconstructed from hippocampal place cell spiking activity alone.
Phonetic Characteristics of Filled Pauses of Turkish Heritage Speakers
Creators: name: Ertan, Esra
name: Tunçer, Aylin Müge
Publisher: name: Phonetik und Phonologie im deutschsprachigen Raum
Year: 2022

description: Phonetik und Phonologie im deutschsprachigen Raum, Phonetik und Phonologie im deutschsprachigen Raum