cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Rheology of mixed solutions of sulfonated methyl esters and betaine in relation to the growth of giant micelles and shampoo applications
Creators: name: Yavrukova, V. I.
name: Radulova, G. M.
name: Danov, K. D.
name: Kralchevsky, P. A.
name: Xu, H.
name: Ung, Y. W.
name: Petkov, J. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a review article on the rheological properties of mixed solutions of sulfonated methyl esters (SME) and cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB), which are related to the synergistic growth of giant micelles. Effects of additives, such as fatty alcohols, cocamide monoethanolamine (CMEA) and salt, which are expected to boost the growth of wormlike micelles, are studied. We report and systematize the most significant observed effects with an emphasis on the interpretation at molecular level and understanding the rheological behavior of these systems. The experiments show that the mixing of SME and CAPB produces a significant rise of viscosity, which is greater than in the mixed solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate and CAPB. The addition of fatty alcohols, CMEA and cationic polymer, leads to broadening of the synergistic peak in viscosity without any pronounced effect on its height. The addition of NaCl leads to a typical salt curve with high maximum, but in the presence of dodecanol this maximum is much lower. At lower salt concentrations, the fatty alcohol acts as a thickener, whereas at higher salt concentrations - as a thinning agent. Depending on the shape of the frequency dependences of the measured storage and loss moduli, the investigated micellar solutions behave as systems of standard or nonstandard rheological behavior. The systems with standard behavior obey the Maxwell viscoelastic model (at least) up to the crossover point and can be analyzed in terms of the Cates reptation-reaction model. The systems with nonstandard rheological behavior obey the Maxwell model only in a restricted domain below the crossover frequency; they can be analyzed in the framework of an augmented version of the Maxwell model. The methodology for data analysis and interpretation could be applied to any other viscoelastic micellar system.
Productivity and Food Processing Costs
Creators: name: Waldorf, William H.
name: Waldorf, William H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1962
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Measures of productivity, for agriculture as well as for the private sector of the economy as a whole, have a long and fruitful history in helping to interpret movements in output, prices, and factor costs. To an economist who is familiar with productivity research, and who has watched the continuing rise in marketing charges for farm products, the inevitable question is: What can measures of productivity tell us about the continued rise in the Farm-Food Marketing Bill and the Farm-Food Market Basket (farm-retail spread)? 1 This paper is only a step in that direction (1) 2—it presents some new information, and it brings together our major findings on productivity in factories that process farm food products (10). (Similar work on distribution of farm foods is now underway.) Within the last decade, food processing costs in factories have accounted for roughly a third of the Farm-Food Marketing Bill. The eventual product of this area of research should advance our knowledge of supply relations for marketing services for food and, therefore, better our understanding of the relationship between consumer demand for food at retail level and the marketing system's derived demand for agricultural products at the farm level. Briefly summarized, the principal finding in this paper is that, during the post-World War II period, food manufacturing as a whole was an average sector with regard to total productivity and price increases—the postwar rise in the price of food processing services was part of the general price rise in the economy as a whole. The author expresses his appreciation to Jerome Mark, Frank deLeeuw, William Wesson, Forrest Scott, and Allen Paul for their helpful comments.
Surface modification of alkali-activated materials with regard to durability
Creators: name: Procházka, Lukáš
name: Brázdová, Adéla
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: concrete
coating
chemical frost resistance
chrl
tensile strenght
surface modification
granulated blast furnace slag
fly ash
cement by-pass dust

description: This paper deals with the possibility of applying a surface modification coating to hybrid alkali-activated materials based on granulated blast-furnace slag with disodium metasilicate anhydrous with partial replacement of silica fly ash and cement by-pass dust in the amounts of 15% and 15%. The selected coatings (epoxy and synthetic) were applied in two series - the first, deposited in the water after demolding, and the second, wrapped in foil. The strength of the materials, the thickness of the coating and the effect of scaling resistance were monitored in the experiment. The compressive strength of this formulation was around 68 MPa and the flexural strength was around 6.5 MPa after 28 days of curing. For the tensile strengths of the prepared composites, slightly higher strengths were obtained for the samples deposited in the plastic foil, with the strengths of both series being around 2.4 MPa. For the scaling resistance, the lowest weight losses were achieved for the specimens coated with synthetic coating, which is true for both deposition methods.
Yield Probabilities as a Markov Process
Creators: name: Bostwick, Don
name: Bostwick, Don
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1962
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The shape and consequences of fortuitous events are subjects of much discussion in economics. Wheat yields on dryland are one member of such a set of events. Much research effort has been devoted to establishment of causal factors in observed yield variability and in attempts to derive probability models without waiting for causal understanding. The discussion that follows is another in the list of attempts of the latter kind. Thanks are due James S. Plaxico of Oklahoma State University, others of the GP-2 Technical Committee, and members of the Farm Economics Division, Economic Research Service staff in Washington, D.C., who read the manuscript and suggested improvements.
Spin Susceptibility and Superexchange Interaction in the Antiferromagnet CuO
Creators: name: Shimizu, T.
name: Matsumoto, T.
name: Goto, A.
name: Rao, T. V. Chandrasekhar
name: Yoshimura, K.
name: Kosuge, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evidence for the quasi one-dimensional (1D) antiferromagnetism of CuO is presented in a framework of Heisenberg model. We have obtained an experimental absolute value of the paramagnetic spin susceptibility of CuO by subtracting the orbital susceptibility separately from the total susceptibility through the $^{63}$Cu NMR shift measurement, and compared directly with the theoretical predictions. The result is best described by a 1D $S=1/2$ antiferromagnetic Heisenberg (AFH) model, supporting the speculation invoked by earlier authors. We also present a semi-quantitative reason why CuO, seemingly of 3D structure, is unexpectedly a quasi 1D antiferromagnet.
description: 7 pages including 4 tables and 9 figures
A Method for Evaluating Erosion Control in Farm Planning
Creators: name: Landgren, Norman E.
name: Andersen, Jay C.
name: Landgren, Norman E.
name: Andersen, Jay C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1962
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Farm Management

description: Many good studies dealing with economics of conservation have been reported, but some essential questions remain unanswered. What effect does planning the farm to achieve conservation goals have on farm income? How much income could a farmer earn if he ignored conservation? How would income differ between farms planned to keep erosion losses below an acceptable physical level and the same farms planned to get the most profit? This article shows how linear programming can be used to answer questions of this type. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Farm Economics Division, Economic Research Service, or the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Modes and states in Quantum Optics
Creators: name: Fabre, Claude
name: Treps, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A few decades ago, quantum optics stood out as a new domain of physics by exhibiting states of light with no classical equivalent. The first investigations concerned single photons, squeezed states, twin beams and EPR states, that involve only one or two modes of the electromagnetic field. The study of the properties of quantum light then evolved in the direction of more and more complex and rich situations, involving many modes, either spatial, temporal, frequency, or polarization modes. Actually, each mode of the electromagnetic field can be considered as an individual quantum degree of freedom. It is then possible, using the techniques of nonlinear optics, to couple different modes, and thus to build in a controlled way a quantum network in which the nodes are optical modes and that is endowed with a strong multipartite entanglement. In addition, such networks are easily reconfigurable and subject only to weak decoherence. They open indeed many promising perspectives for optical communications and computation. Because of the linearity of Maxwell equations a linear superposition of two modes is another mode. This means that a "modal superposition principle" exists hand in hand with the regular quantum state superposition principle. The purpose of the present review is to show the interest of considering these two aspects of multimode quantum light in a global way. Indeed using different sets of modes allows to consider the same quantum state under different perspectives: a given state can be entangled in one basis, factorized in another. We will show how to produce, characterize and tailor multimode quantum light. Finally we will describe some applications to quantum technologies, such as parameter estimation and measurement-based quantum computation.
description: Review paper
MOESM3 of Early intervention for children at risk of visual processing dysfunctions from 1 year of age: a randomized controlled trial protocol
Creators: name: Marlou Kooiker
name: Linden, Yoni
name: Dijk, Jenneke
name: Ymie Zee
name: Swarte, Renate
name: Smit, Liesbeth
name: Steen-Kant, Sanny
name: Loudon, Sjoukje
name: Reiss, Irwin
name: Kuyper, Kees
name: Pel, Johan
name: Steen, Johannes
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Intervention protocol template
Precise surface temperature measurements at kHz-rates using phosphor thermometry to study flame-wall interactions in narrow passages
Creators: name: Ojo, Anthony O.
name: Escofet-Martin, David
name: Abram, Christopher
name: Fond, Benoit
name: Peterson, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermographic phosphor ScVO4:Bi3+ is used to obtain time-resolved surface temperature measurements with sub-oC precision at 5 kHz. Measurements are used to study transient heat loss and flame-wall interactions (FWI) within a dedicated narrow two-wall passage (crevice) in an optically accessible fixed volume chamber. This passage emulates a crevice relevant in many technical environments, where FWI is less understood due to lack of detailed measurements. Chemiluminescence (CH*) imaging is performed simultaneously with phosphor thermometry to resolve how the spatiotemporal flame features influence the local surface temperature. ScVO4:Bi3+ is benchmarked against Gd3Ga5O12:Cr,Ce, a common phosphor used at low-kHz rates in FWI environments. ScVO4:Bi3+ is shown to offer higher luminescence signal levels and temperature sensitivity as well as negligible cross dependence on the excitation laser fluence, improving the precision and repeatability of the wall temperature measurement. ScVO4:Bi3+ is further used to resolve transient heat loss for variations in crevice spacing and uniquely capture temperature transients associated with flame dynamics. Taking advantage of these precise surface temperature measurements the wall heat flux is calculated with crevice spacing of 1.2 mm, where flame extinction is prevalent. Wall heat flux and estimated quenching distance are reported for flames that actively burn or extinguish at the measurement location.
description: This manuscript was recently accepted to Combustion and Flame. The article does not yet have the associated volume and page numbers, as it is still in the proofing stages
Optical detection of the black widow binary PSR J2052+1219
Creators: name: Zharikov, S.
name: Kirichenko, A.
name: Zyuzin, D.
name: Shibanov, Yu.
name: Deneva, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present optical time-resolved multi-band photometry of the black widow binary millisecond pulsar J2052+1219 using direct-imaging observations with the 2.1m telescope of Observatorio Astronomico Nacional San Pedro Martir, Mexico (OAN-SPM). The observations revealed a variable optical source whose position and periodicity P = 2.752h coincide with the pulsar coordinates and the orbital period obtained from radio timing. This allowed us to identify it with the binary companion of the pulsar. We reproduce light curves of the source modelling the companion heating by the pulsar and accounting for the system parameters obtained from the radio data. As a result, we independently estimate the distance to the system of 3.94(16) kpc, which agrees with the dispersion measure distance. The companion star size is 0.12-0.15 Rsun, close to filling its Roche lobe. It has a surface temperature difference of about 3000 K between the side facing the pulsar and the back side. We summarise characteristics of all black widow systems studied in the optical and compare them with the PSR J2052+1219 parameters derived from our observations.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 10 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 2 of Functional identification of PsMYB57 involved in anthocyanin regulation of tree peony
Creators: name: Zhang, Yanzhao
name: Xu, Shuzhen
name: Cheng, Yanwei
name: Wang, Jing
name: Wang, Xiangxiang
name: Liu, Runxiao
name: Han, Jianming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Primers used for PCR amplification of MYB genes.
Efficient Regional Allocation of Farm Products and Programmed Supply Prices
Creators: name: Heady, Earl O.
name: Egbert, Alvin C.
name: Heady, Earl O.
name: Egbert, Alvin C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1964
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Demand and Price Analysis

description: Information on efficient regional patterns of agricultural production can be useful in devising policies for adjustments in farming that are consistent with modern conditions and concepts of economic development. Such knowledge can also indicate the amount and location of land to be withdrawn from production if surpluses and related treasury costs are to be reduced. If long-run solutions to the "farm problem" are to be attained, the Nation needs data indicating the number and location of crop acreages and outputs under a variety of situations. This information can be made available only by analysis of relationships among regions. In this paper the writers discuss the application of relatively simple linear programming models to the specification of efficiein interregional allocation of agricultural production. A more detailed discussion appeared in a recent report of cooperative research with Iowa, U.S. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1294, Regional Analysis of Production Adjustments in the Major Field Crops: Historical and Prospective (November 1963).
MOESM2 of Early intervention for children at risk of visual processing dysfunctions from 1 year of age: a randomized controlled trial protocol
Creators: name: Marlou Kooiker
name: Linden, Yoni
name: Dijk, Jenneke
name: Ymie Zee
name: Swarte, Renate
name: Smit, Liesbeth
name: Steen-Kant, Sanny
name: Loudon, Sjoukje
name: Reiss, Irwin
name: Kuyper, Kees
name: Pel, Johan
name: Steen, Johannes
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Model consent form â€“ in Dutch.
Variable Resource Programming for Appraising Farm Adjustment Opportunities
Creators: name: Bolton, Bill
name: Bolton, Bill
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1964
Subjects: Agribusiness
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Economists are faced with the continual need for reliable estimates of farmers' aggregate supply response. They search accordingly for procedures that will reduce the computational burden and strengthen the reliability of these estimates. The author describes how the "variable resource programming" technique can be used to help alleviate a major problem encountered when "representative" farms are analyzed to generate aggregate information. This is the problem of determining the proper kind and number of farms to include in the analysis. The article also illustrates how variable resource programming can contribute a wealth of information pertaining to other production research problems, such as determining the optimum combination of enterprises for specific farm resource situations.
Self-generated Self-similar Traffic
Creators: name: Haga, P.
name: Pollner, P.
name: Simon, G.
name: Csabai, I.
name: Vattay, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Self-similarity in the network traffic has been studied from several aspects: both at the user side and at the network side there are many sources of the long range dependence. Recently some dynamical origins are also identified: the TCP adaptive congestion avoidance algorithm itself can produce chaotic and long range dependent throughput behavior, if the loss rate is very high. In this paper we show that there is a close connection between the static and dynamic origins of self-similarity: parallel TCPs can generate the self-similarity themselves, they can introduce heavily fluctuations into the background traffic and produce high effective loss rate causing a long range dependent TCP flow, however, the dropped packet ratio is low.
description: 8 pages, 12 Postscript figures, accepted in Nonlinear Phenomena in Complex Systems
Infrared Spectroscopy of 15 Radio Galaxies at 2
Creators: name: Iwamuro, F.
name: Motohara, K.
name: Maihara, T.
name: Kimura, M.
name: Eto, S.
name: Shima, T.
name: Mochida, D.
name: Wada, S.
name: Imai, S.
name: Aoki, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near-infrared spectra of 15 high-redshift radio galaxies (HzRGs) located at $2
description: 23 pages, 7 figures, Corrected typos and style. Accepted for publication in ApJ (November 20, 2003)
Precise measurement of angles between two magnetic moments and their configurational stability in single-molecule magnets
Creators: name: Westerström, Rasmus
name: Dubrovin, Vasilii
name: Junghans, Katrin
name: Kostanyan, Aram
name: Schlesier, Christin
name: Dreiser, Jan
name: Büchner, Bernd
name: Avdoshenko, Stanislav M.
name: Popov, Alexey A.
name: Greber, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A key parameter for the low-temperature magnetic coupling of in dinuclear lanthanide single-molecule magnets (SMMs) is the barrier $U_{FA}$ resulting from the exchange and dipole interactions between the two $4f$ moments. Here we extend the pseudospin model previously used to describe the ground state of dinuclear endofullerenes to account for variations in the orientation of the single-ion anisotropy axes and apply it to the two SMMs Dy$_2$ScN@C$_{80}$ and Dy$_2$TiC@C$_{80}$. While x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) indicates the same $J_z=15/2$ Dy groundstate in both molecules, the Dy-Dy coupling strength and the stability of magnetization is distinct. We demonstrate that both the magnitude of the barrier $U_{FA}$ and the angle between the two $4f$ moments are determined directly from precise temperature-dependent magnetization data to an accuracy better than $1^{\circ}$. The experimentally found angles between the $4f$ moments are in excellent agreement with calculated angles between the quantisation axes of the two Dy ions. Theory indicates a larger deviation of the orientation of the Dy magnetic moments from the Dy bond axes to the central ion in Dy$_2$TiC@C$_{80}$. This may explain the lower stability of the magnetisation in Dy$_2$TiC@C$_{80}$, although it exhibits a $\sim 49\%$ stronger exchange coupling than in Dy$_2$ScN@C$_{80}$.
description: 4 figures, 6 pages
MOESM5 of Online-group intervention after suicide bereavement through the use of webinars: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Wagner, Birgit
name: Hofmann, Laura
name: Maaß, Ulrike
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5. Questionnaire on Police Delivery of Death News.
Suppression of the Persistent Spin Hall Current by Defect Scattering
Creators: name: Inoue, Jun-ichiro
name: Bauer, Gerrit E. W.
name: Molenkamp, Laurens W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the linear response spin Hall conductivity of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in the presence of the Rashba spin orbit interaction in the diffusive transport regime. When defect scattering is modeled by isotropic short-range potential scatterers the spin Hall conductivity vanishes due to the vertex correction. A non-vanishing spin Hall effect may be recovered for dominantly forward defect scattering.
description: Submitted to The Physical Review B
Additional file 7 of Transcriptional response of Bacillus megaterium FDU301 to PEG200-mediated arid stress
Creators: name: Zhao, Lei
name: Zhou, Yanjun
name: Li, Jianbei
name: Xia, Yucheng
name: Wang, Weiyun
name: Luo, Xiuqi
name: Yin, Juan
name: Zhong, Jiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Figure S3. Effect of different water activity regulators on the expression of tipA gene. The expression of tipA gene in B. megaterium FDU301 grown in LB medium of aw 0.985, using PEG200, sodium chloride and glycerol to adjust the water activity, respectively, were determined by real-time RT-qPCR. FC: fold of change in the transcriptional level in arid condition medium comparing to normal LB medium.
Sharing nonfungible information requires shared nonfungible information
Creators: name: Fields, Chris
name: Marcianò, Antonino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that sharing a quantum reference frame requires sharing measurement operators that identify the reference frame in addition to operators that measure its state. Observers restricted to finite resources cannot, in general, operationally determine that they share such operators. Uncertainty about whether system-identification operators are shared induces decoherence.
description: Published version
Two-loop self-energy correction in high-Z hydrogen-like ions
Creators: name: Yerokhin, V. A.
name: Indelicato, P.
name: Shabaev, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A complete evaluation of the two-loop self-energy diagrams to all orders in Zαis presented for the ground state of H-like ions with Z\ge 40.
description: RevTeX, 5 figures, 1 table
MOESM4 of Online-group intervention after suicide bereavement through the use of webinars: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Wagner, Birgit
name: Hofmann, Laura
name: Maaß, Ulrike
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4. German Translation of the Stigma of Suicide Attempt and the Stigma of Suicide and Suicide Survivor Scales.
Toddler-Guidance Learning: Impacts of Critical Period on Multimodal AI Agents
Creators: name: Park, Junseok
name: Park, Kwanyoung
name: Oh, Hyunseok
name: Lee, Ganghun
name: Lee, Minsu
name: Lee, Youngki
name: Zhang, Byoung-Tak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.0; I.6.5

description: Critical periods are phases during which a toddler's brain develops in spurts. To promote children's cognitive development, proper guidance is critical in this stage. However, it is not clear whether such a critical period also exists for the training of AI agents. Similar to human toddlers, well-timed guidance and multimodal interactions might significantly enhance the training efficiency of AI agents as well. To validate this hypothesis, we adapt this notion of critical periods to learning in AI agents and investigate the critical period in the virtual environment for AI agents. We formalize the critical period and Toddler-guidance learning in the reinforcement learning (RL) framework. Then, we built up a toddler-like environment with VECA toolkit to mimic human toddlers' learning characteristics. We study three discrete levels of mutual interaction: weak-mentor guidance (sparse reward), moderate mentor guidance (helper-reward), and mentor demonstration (behavioral cloning). We also introduce the EAVE dataset consisting of 30,000 real-world images to fully reflect the toddler's viewpoint. We evaluate the impact of critical periods on AI agents from two perspectives: how and when they are guided best in both uni- and multimodal learning. Our experimental results show that both uni- and multimodal agents with moderate mentor guidance and critical period on 1 million and 2 million training steps show a noticeable improvement. We validate these results with transfer learning on the EAVE dataset and find the performance advancement on the same critical period and the guidance.
description: ICMI2021 Oral Presentation, 9 pages, 9 figures
Excess Capacity in U.S. Agriculture
Creators: name: Tyner, Fred H.
name: Tweeten, Luther G.
name: Tyner, Fred H.
name: Tweeten, Luther G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1964
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Political Economy

description: The commercial farm problem has been defined as an excess of farm output over utilization at "satisfactory" prices. Evidence of farm production in excess of market outlets has been apparent in declining farm commodity prices and net incomes, growing stocks of farm products, or large Government costs for price supports, production restraints, and surplus disposal. Programs such as free markets, mandatory production controls, and action to increase exports and the mobility of farm resources have been advanced as possible solutions to problems of overproduction. A definitive analysis of ameliorative measures requires first an estimate of the problematic gap—the excess capacity in agriculture. This gap, defined in terms of the difference between the existing situation and some acceptable norm, is one measure of the magnitude of the problems faced.
Additional file 1: of DegNorm: normalization of generalized transcript degradation improves accuracy in RNA-seq analysis
Creators: name: Xiong, Bin
name: Yang, Yiben
name: Fineis, Frank
name: Wang, Ji-Ping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Supplementary methods. (DOCX 109 kb)
Pre- and post-accession performance to the WTO: A vulnerability study of Jamaica’s beef industry
Creators: name: Seepersad, Govind
name: Felix, Nkosi
name: Maharaj, Omardath
name: Seepersad, Govind
name: Felix, Nkosi
name: Maharaj, Omardath
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: WTO
subject: Jamaica
subject: Beef Industry
subject: Vulnerability Index

description: The World Trade Organization (WTO) has completed its twelfth year of existence. It has promoted a rule-based approach for agriculture, principles of transparency in trade, elimination of discrimination, increased liberal trade through negotiation and similar treatment, promotion of competition while encouraging economic and social development and, finally reform amongst its signatories. After more than a decade of adjustment and adoption, the WTO’s impact on Caribbean agriculture has been varied. The issue has been the subject of many debates; however, the empirical evidence to support this has not been fully collated. It is therefore necessary to gauge the impact of the WTO on the position of different economies and especially productive sectors through a series of yardsticks that are based on empirical evidence upon which we can make positive statements. This paper analyzes the performance of one segment of the Jamaican agricultural economy, (beef) in pre- and post-WTO periods using various indicators and benchmarks those against the performance of another leading economy, the United States of America (USA). The paper suggests different yardsticks and proposes a Vulnerability Index that may be used for such an exercise. This can prove to be useful to policy makers in assessing other sectors in the post-WTO period.
description: Bridgetown, Barbados 6th – 10th July, 2009
Stem-loop formation drives RNA folding in mechanical unzipping experiments
Creators: name: Rissone, Paolo
name: Bizarro, Cristiano Valim
name: Ritort, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate knowledge of RNA hybridization is essential for understanding RNA structure and function. Here we mechanically unzip and rezip a 2-kbp RNA hairpin and derive the 10 nearest-neighbor base pair (NNBP) RNA free energies in sodium and magnesium with 0.1 kcal/mol precision using optical tweezers. Notably, force-distance curves (FDCs) exhibit strong irreversible effects with hysteresis and several intermediates, precluding the extraction of the NNBP energies with currently available methods. The combination of a suitable RNA synthesis with a tailored pulling protocol allowed us to obtain the fully reversible FDCs necessary to derive the NNBP energies. We demonstrate the equivalence of sodium and magnesium free-energy salt corrections at the level of individual NNBP. To characterize the irreversibility of the unzipping-rezipping process, we introduce a barrier energy landscape of the stem-loop structures forming along the complementary strands, which compete against the formation of the native hairpin. This landscape correlates with the hysteresis observed along the FDCs. RNA sequence analysis shows that base stacking and base pairing stabilize the stem-loops that kinetically trap the long-lived intermediates observed in the FDC. Stem-loops formation appears as a general mechanism to explain a wide range of behaviors observed in RNA folding.
description: Main: 10 pages, 5 figues, 1 table; SI: 22 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables
Single Mott Transition in Multi-Orbital Hubbard Model
Creators: name: Liebsch, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Mott transition in a multi-orbital Hubbard model involving subbands of different widths is studied within the dynamical mean field theory. Using the iterated perturbation theory for the quantum impurity problem it is shown that at low temperatures inter-orbital Coulomb interactions give rise to a single first-order transition rather than a sequence of orbital selective transitions. Impurity calculations based on the Quantum Monte Carlo method confirm this qualitative behavior. Nevertheless, at finite temperatures, the degree of metallic or insulating behavior of the subbands differs greatly. Thus, on the metallic side of the transition, the narrow band can exhibit quasi-insulating features, whereas on the insulating side the wide band exhibits pronounced bad-metal behavior. This complexity might partly explain contradictory results between several previous works.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures
MOESM3 of Online-group intervention after suicide bereavement through the use of webinars: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Wagner, Birgit
name: Hofmann, Laura
name: Maaß, Ulrike
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. German Translation of the Grief Experience Questionnaire.
The Farther From Ocean, The Later Occurred Outburst: The Role of Atmospheric Oceanic Iodine?
Creators: name: Besharati, Mohammad Reza
name: Izadi, Mohammad
name: Alireza Talebpour
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Sars-Cov-2, Covid-19, Ocean, Iodine, Atmospheric, Outburst, Spatiality, March 2021

description: The Farther From Ocean, The Later Occurred Outburst: The Role of Atmospheric Oceanic Iodine? (For March 2021 COVID-19 Data)
Maximizing specific energy by breeding deuterium
Creators: name: Ball, Justin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Specific energy (i.e. energy per unit mass) is one of the most fundamental and consequential properties of a fuel source. In this work, a systematic study of measured fusion cross-sections is performed to determine which reactions are potentially feasible and identify the fuel cycle that maximizes specific energy. This reveals that, by using normal hydrogen to breed deuterium via neutron capture, the conventional catalyzed D-D fusion fuel cycle can attain a specific energy greater than anything else. Simply surrounding a catalyzed D-D reactor with water enables deuterium fuel, the dominant stockpile of energy on Earth, to produce as much as 65% more energy. Lastly, the impact on space propulsion is considered, revealing that an effective exhaust velocity exceeding that of deuterium-helium-3 is theoretically possible.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
Conservation Tillage of Grain Sorghum and Soybeans:A Stochastic Dominance Analysis
Creators: name: Mikesell, Chris L.
name: Williams, Jeffery R.
name: Long, James H.
name: Mikesell, Chris L.
name: Williams, Jeffery R.
name: Long, James H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: conservation tillage
subject: risk
subject: stochastic dominance
subject: grain sorghum
subject: soybeans

description: Three tillage systems: conventional tillage, ridge tillage and notillage are evaluated using stochastic dominance with respect to a function analysis. Each tillage system is evaluated for three cropping patterns: continuous grain sorghum, continuous soybeans, and soybeans after grain sorghum. Conventional tillage continuous grain sorghum would be preferred by risk averse managers, although small changes in production costs and yield differences could lead to indifference between a no-tillage system and the conventional tillage system.
Design of electrically small antennas and electrically small ground planes for maximizing ground wave transmission
Creators: name: Lim, Sungkyun
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2004
Subjects: High frequency ground-wave
Electrically small antennas
Spiral ground plane

description: In this thesis, a top-loaded, inductively-coupled, electrically small antenna is designed for high-frequency (HF) ground-wave transmission. The parameters of the antenna are optimized using a genetic algorithm together with the Numerical Electromagnetics Code. Prototypes for two top-loaded antenna designs are tested, and the measured results match well with simulations. Both antenna designs have an electrical size kr of 0.2, an efficiency greater than 65%, and a transmission performance within 1 dB of that of a commercial whip. In the second part of this thesis, the design of a miniaturized ground plane is investigated. It is first shown that when the size of the ground plane is reduced to less than one tenth of a wavelength, the transmission loss increases rapidly due to impedance mismatch. A spiral ground-plane design is then proposed that reduces the ground-plane size without a rapid increase in transmission loss. The spiral ground plane is tested under a quarter-wave monopole, and the measured results match well with simulation. Outdoor transmission test demonstrates that the transmission loss of a 0.43m-diameter spiral ground plane can achieve nearly the same transmission performance as that of a 1.2m-diameter eight-arm radial ground plane
Search for decaying heavy dark matter in an effective interaction framework: a comparison of $γ$-ray and radio observations
Creators: name: Ghosh, Avirup
name: Kar, Arpan
name: Mukhopadhyaya, Biswarup
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate and compare the possibilities of observing decaying dark matter (DM) in $γ$-ray and radio telescopes. The special emphasise of the study is on a scalar heavy DM particle with mass in the trans-TeV range. DM decays, consistent with existing limits on the life time, are assumed to be driven by higher dimensional effective operators. We consider both two-body decays of a scalar dark particle and a dark sector having three-body decays, producing two standard model particles. It is found that the Fermi-LAT data on isotropic $γ$-ray background provides the best constraints so far, although the CTA telescope may be more effective for decays where one or two photons are directly produced. In all cases, deeper probes of the effective operators are possible in the upcoming SKA radio telescope with a few hundred hours of observation, using the radio synchrotron flux coming from energetic electrons produced in the decay cascades within dwarf spheroidal galaxies. Finally, we estimate how the SKA can constrain the parameter space spanned by the galactic magnetic field and the diffusion coefficient, if observations consistent with $γ$-ray data actually take place.
description: 28 pages, 11 figures, matches with the version published in JCAP
MOESM1 of Early intervention for children at risk of visual processing dysfunctions from 1 year of age: a randomized controlled trial protocol
Creators: name: Marlou Kooiker
name: Linden, Yoni
name: Dijk, Jenneke
name: Ymie Zee
name: Swarte, Renate
name: Smit, Liesbeth
name: Steen-Kant, Sanny
name: Loudon, Sjoukje
name: Reiss, Irwin
name: Kuyper, Kees
name: Pel, Johan
name: Steen, Johannes
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents.
C-reactive protein and ground-glass opacity as predictors for intractable interstitial lung disease in patients with systemic sclerosis under cyclophosphamide treatment regardless of concomitant glucocorticoids
Creators: name: Yoshida, Yusuke
name: Sugimoto, Tomohiro
name: Hosokawa, Yohei
name: Harumichi Suma
name: Kobayashi, Hiroki
name: Michinori Ishitoku
name: Kohno, Hiroki
name: Tokunaga, Tadahiro
name: Watanabe, Hirofumi
name: Mokuda, Sho
name: Takaki Nojima
name: Hirata, Shintaro
name: Sugiyama, Eiji
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Cyclophosphamide (CYC) has been proposed as a standard induction regimen for interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc). However, there remain patients with SSc-ILD who are intractable to the therapy. This study aimed to identify factors associated with inadequate response to CYC and investigate how to treat SSc-ILD, especially in the need for glucocorticoids (GCs) combined with CYC. This retrospective study included consecutive patients diagnosed with SSc-ILD and treated with CYC between 2009 and 2020. Logistic regression models were used to determine the prognostic factors indicating significant progression of ILD (SP-ILD). The clinical findings of patients treated with vs. without GCs were compared. Nineteen patients were registered, with a median age of 61.0 years. Fifteen were females, and five were classified into SP-ILD. Baseline high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and non-widespread or localized ground-glass opacities (GGOs) predicted SP-ILD in multivariable analyses, and the cut-off level of CRP was 0.41 mg/dL. In clinical courses, SSc-ILD with high inflammation temporarily responded to CYC, regardless of the combined use of GCs; however, the therapeutic effects deteriorated soon after stopping CYC. High CRP levels with non-widespread GGO predicted progressive ILD in patients with SSc treated with CYC.
Axisymmetric stability criterion for two gravitationally coupled singular isothermal discs
Creators: name: Shen, Yue
name: Lou, Yu-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the two-fluid formalism with the polytropic approximation, we examine the axisymmetric stability criterion for a composite system of gravitationally coupled stellar and gaseous singular isothermal discs (SIDs).
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted by MNRAS
SciServer: a Science Platform for Astronomy and Beyond
Creators: name: Taghizadeh-Popp, Manuchehr
name: Kim, Jai Won
name: Lemson, Gerard
name: Medvedev, Dmitry
name: Raddick, M. Jordan
name: Szalay, Alexander S.
name: Thakar, Aniruddha R.
name: Booker, Joseph
name: Chhetri, Camy
name: Dobos, Laszlo
name: Rippin, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present SciServer, a science platform built and supported by the Institute for Data Intensive Engineering and Science at the Johns Hopkins University. SciServer builds upon and extends the SkyServer system of server-side tools that introduced the astronomical community to SQL (Structured Query Language) and has been serving the Sloan Digital Sky Survey catalog data to the public. SciServer uses a Docker/VM based architecture to provide interactive and batch mode server-side analysis with scripting languages like Python and R in various environments including Jupyter (notebooks), RStudio and command-line in addition to traditional SQL-based data analysis. Users have access to private file storage as well as personal SQL database space. A flexible resource access control system allows users to share their resources with collaborators, a feature that has also been very useful in classroom environments. All these services, wrapped in a layer of REST APIs, constitute a scalable collaborative data-driven science platform that is attractive to science disciplines beyond astronomy.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astronomy and Computing journal
Pion Generalized Distribution Amplitudes in the Nonlocal Chiral Quark Model
Creators: name: Praszalowicz, Michal
name: Rostworowski, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a simple, instanton motivated, nonlocal chiral quark model to calculate pion Generalized Distribution Amplitudes (GDAs). The nonlocality appears due to the momentum dependence of the constituent quark mass, which we take in a form of a generalized dipole formula. With this choice all calculations can be performed directly in the Minkowski space and the sensitivity to the shape of the cutoff function can be studied. We demonstrate that the model fulfills soft pion theorems both for chirally even and chirally odd GDAs. The latter one cannot be derived by the methods of current algebra. Whenever possible we compare our results with the existing data. This can be done for the pion electromagnetic form factor and quark distributions as measured in the proton-pion scattering.
description: 32 pages, 26 figures, submitted to Acta Phys. Pol. B
Comment on "c-axis Josephson tunneling in $D_{x^2-y^2}$-wave superconductors''
Creators: name: Arnold, G. B.
name: Klemm, R. A.
name: Körner, W.
name: Scharnberg, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This comment points out that the recent paper by Maki and Haas [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 67}, 020510 (2003)] is completely wrong.
description: 1 page, submittted to Phys. Rev. B