cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dissomphalus graun Mugrabi & Azevedo 2016, n. sp.
Creators: name: Mugrabi, Daniele F.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Dissomphalus
Dissomphalus graun

description: Dissomphalus graun n. sp. Figures 26-28, 122, 215, 361-362 TYPE MATERIAL — Holotype, ♂, Papua New Guinea. Province Madang, Mount Wilhelm (-5.759910, 145.2347), 1700m, 26-27/10/2012, leg Valeba, Tulei, Novotny, Leponce, Plot 2, understorey, Malaise - MAL-MW1700B-02/16-d02, P218- 11356 (MNHN). DESCRIPTION — MALE: Body length 2.6 mm. Head, mesosoma and metasoma dark castaneous. Head (Figures 26-28). Mandible with four apical teeth. Clypeus with median lobe ill-defined; median tooth angled with flat platform overlap medium region; median carina absent. Two teeth on hipostomal carina angled. Frons weakly coriaceous. Mesosoma. Pronotal disc with anterior margin ecarinate, weakly coriaceous. Metapectal-propodeal complex with lateral and posterior areas ecarinate. Metasoma (Figure 122). Tergal process with deep, longitudinally elliptical and sublateral pair of depression, 0.6 x as long as tergite II, diverging posterad, with long and thin setae on lateral area; each depression with large tubercle on its inner area, conical in longitudinal section, high, entirely dorsad, with broad pit on top, with long tuft of setae dorsad. Hypopygium (Figure 215) with median stalk evenly narrow, 0.8 x as long as hypopygial plate; lateral stalk triangular; posterior margin straight with median concavity. Genitalia (Figure 369-370). Paramere with dorsal margin much developed, to such an extent that covers aedeagus. Aedeagal dorsal body with apex lower than parameral apex, wider medially, narrowing abruptly apicad; apical lobe very long. Aedeagal ventral ramus with apex lower than aedeagal dorsal body apex; apical region rounded, narrow and smooth. Genital ring produced, each half convex in dorsal view. FEMALE: Unknown. ETYMOLOGY — The noun in apposition graun means world in Tok Pisin.
description: Published as part of Mugrabi, Daniele F. & Azevedo, Celso O., 2016, Description of 91 new species of DIssomphalus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) from New Guinea Island and surrounded areas, pp. 451-564 in Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 209 on pages 495-496
Apparent Fracture in Polymeric Fluids under Step Shear
Creators: name: Agimelen, Okpeafoh S.
name: Olmsted, Peter D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent step strain experiments in well-entangled polymeric liquids demonstrated a bulk fracture-like phenomenon. We have studied this instability using a modern version of the Doi-Edwards theory for entangled polymers, and we find close quantitative agreement with the experiments. The phenomenon occurs because the viscoelastic liquid is sheared into a rubbery state that possesses an elastic constitutive instability (Marrucci and Grizzuti, 1983). The fracture is a transient manifestation of this instability, which relies on the amplification of spatially inhomogeneous fluctuations. This mechanism differs from fracture in glassy materials and dense suspensions.
description: 5 pages,3 figures. Accepted in the Physical Review Letters
Supramolecular organic and inorganic photochemistry: Radical pair recombination in micelles, electron transfer on starburst dendrimers, and the use of DNA as a molecular wire
Creators: name: Turro, Nicholas J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Supramolecular chemistry is concerned with systems for which noncovalent interactions become significant or dominate in determining the chemistry of the guedhost systems. Supramolecular photochemistry is concerned with systems where non-covalent interactions become significant or dominate in determining the observed photochemistry. The supramolecular photochemistry of ketones adsorbed in micelles and of metal complexes adsorbed on starburst dendrimers and DNA is the subject of this report.
Many, many more intrinsically knotted graphs
Creators: name: Goldberg, Noam
name: Mattman, Thomas W.
name: Naimi, Ramin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C10

description: We list more than 200 new examples of minor minimal intrinsically knotted graphs and describe many more that are intrinsically knotted and likely minor minimal.
description: 19 pages, 16 figures, Appendix
Molecular mobility in polymer thin films
Creators: name: Tseng, K. C.
name: Turro, Nicholas J.
name: Durning, Christopher James
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching was used to measure in-plane dye-probe diffusion coefficients, D, in thin films of monodisperse polystyrene supported on fused quartz substrates. The substrates were prepared with a high density of surface hydroxyl groups which interact favorably with repeat units of the polymer. The effects of temperature and film thickness were investigated, at temperatures above the bulk glass transition of the polymer, T_g, and in the range of film thicknesses from 1-10² times the radius of gyration (R_g) of individual polymer molecules. As the film thickness decreases towards R_g the value of D increases above the bulk values, with significant effects first appearing in films ≃20R_g. In the thinnest films studied, about 4R_g, the values of D lie as much as two orders over bulk values. At the same time, the temperature dependence of D becomes much weaker than in bulk. Analysis by free volume theory indicates that apparent values of both T_g and the thermal expansion coefficient for liquid state, α_L, decrease as the film thickness decreases. The possible effects of surface segregation of the dye probe are discussed.
title: Zufriedenheit mit Einkommen, Arbeit und Gesundheit unterscheidet sich nach Haushaltseinkommen, Alter und Elternschaft
Creators: name: Buchinger, Laura
name: Entringer, Theresa
name: Graeber, Daniel
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: D60 Welfare Economics: General
subject: D63 Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
subject: Well-being
subject: satisfaction
subject: domains
subject: inequality

description: Das subjektive Wohlbefinden ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Lebensqualität und Gesundheit einer Gesellschaft. Studien zeigen, dass zufriedenere Menschen bessere soziale Beziehungen führen, produktiver sind und eine längere Lebenserwartung haben. Infolge der Debatte über die Eignung des Bruttoinlandsprodukts als Wohlstandsmaß wird auch die Lebenszufriedenheit als Alternative beziehungsweise als Ergänzung diskutiert. Daher sind die Erkenntnisse darüber für Wissenschaft und Politik relevant. Dieser Wochenbericht untersucht die Zufriedenheit der Bevölkerung in Deutschland mit den Lebensbereichen Einkommen, Arbeit und Gesundheit von 2004 bis 2021. Dabei analysiert der Bericht, ob Unterschiede zwischen Geschlechtern, Regionen (Ost/ West), Altersgruppen, Elternschaft und Einkommensgruppen bestehen. Die Daten stammen aus dem Sozio-oekonomischen Panel (SOEP). Die Analyse zeigt, dass die allgemeine Zufriedenheit sowie die Bereichszufriedenheiten in den letzten 20 Jahren gestiegen oder stabil geblieben sind. Es bestehen jedoch teils gravierende Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen, insbesondere in der Zufriedenheit mit der Gesundheit. Vor allem Menschen mit niedrigen Einkommen oder mit Kindern im Haushalt sind vergleichsweise unzufrieden. Politische Maßnahmen zur Entlastung von Eltern und Verbesserung der Betreuungssituation sind erforderlich.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 34, S. 523-531
Cooperative Sequential Spectrum Sensing Based on Level-triggered Sampling
Creators: name: Yilmaz, Yasin
name: Moustakides, George
name: Wang, Xiaodong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a new framework for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks, that is based on a novel class of non-uniform samplers, called the event-triggered samplers, and sequential detection. In the proposed scheme, each secondary user computes its local sensing decision statistic based on its own channel output; and whenever such decision statistic crosses certain predefined threshold values, the secondary user will send one (or several) bit of information to the fusion center. The fusion center asynchronously receives the bits from different secondary users and updates the global sensing decision statistic to perform a sequential probability ratio test (SPRT), to reach a sensing decision. We provide an asymptotic analysis for the above scheme, and under different conditions, we compare it against the cooperative sensing scheme that is based on traditional uniform sampling and sequential detection. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme, using even 1 bit, can outperform its uniform sampling counterpart that uses infinite number of bits under changing target error probabilities, SNR values, and number of SUs.
title: Ausbau der Solarenergie boomt derzeit – weitere Schritte zur Markt- und Netzintegration aber notwendig: Interview
Creators: name: Schmidt, Felix
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 33, S. 518
Additional file 6: of Mitochondrial genomes of two diplectanids (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) expose paraphyly of the order Dactylogyridea and extensive tRNA gene rearrangements
Creators: name: Zhang, Dong
name: Li, Wen
name: Zou, Hong
name: Wu, Shan
name: Li, Ming
name: Jakovlić, Ivan
name: Zhang, Jin
name: Chen, Rong
name: Wang, Gui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Figure S3. Stem-loop structures of the consensus repeat pattern in highly repetitive regions of the long non-coding regions of Lepidotrema longipenis and Lamellodiscus spari. dG denotes the structure’s free energy (ΔG in Kcal/mol at 37 °C). (PDF 297 kb)
title: Ausbau der Solarenergie: viel Licht, aber auch Schatten
Creators: name: Schmidt, Felix
name: Roth, Alexander
name: Schill, Wolf-Peter
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Q41 Energy: Demand and Supply
subject: Q42 Alternative Energy Sources
subject: Q48 Energy: Government Policy
subject: Solar PV
subject: renewable energy
subject: energy transition
subject: prosumer
subject: Germany

description: Die Beschleunigung der Energiewende ist erklärtes Ziel der Ampel-Koalition. Eine Schlüsseltechnologie ist die Photovoltaik (PV), die derzeit weltweit einen regelrechten Boom erlebt. Der Ampel-Monitor Energiewende des DIW Berlin zeigt: Auch in Deutschland hat der PV-Zubau stark Fahrt aufgenommen und übertrifft momentan sogar den anvisierten Wachstumspfad. Haupttreiber hierfür ist ein kräftiger Zubau von kleineren PV-Anlagen auf Gebäuden, die aufgrund von Eigenverbrauchsvorteilen attraktiv sind. Neben viel Licht gibt es aber auch Schatten: Bei den Freiflächenanlagen gibt es noch Potenzial, den Zubau über den derzeit geplanten Wachstumspfad hinaus voranzutreiben. Gleichzeitig mit dem Ausbau der PV sind die mit dem Solarstrom am Großhandelsmarkt erzielbaren Preise tendenziell gesunken. Ausgeprägte Niedrigpreisphasen in den Stunden der höchsten Solarstromeinspeisung deuten darauf hin, dass die vorhandenen Speicher nicht ausreichen oder nicht so betrieben werden, dass die Preisdifferenzen stärker geglättet würden. Die Politik sollte künftig darauf zielen, die vorhandenen Potenziale für eine marktorientierte Speicherung und Lastverschiebung im Eigenverbrauchsbereich zu heben. Außerdem sollte sie eine Antwort auf die stark zugenommene PV-Importabhängigkeit von China finden.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 33, S. 507-517
Dissomphalus sis Mugrabi & Azevedo 2016, n. sp.
Creators: name: Mugrabi, Daniele F.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Dissomphalus
Dissomphalus sis

description: Dissomphalus sis n. sp. Figures 73, 167, 259, 498-499 TYPE MATERIAL — Holotype, ♂, Papua New Guinea. Province Madang, Mount Wilhelm (-5.759269, 145.2356) 1700m, 25- 27/10/2012, Coll. by Valeba, Tulei, Novotny, Leponce, understorey, FIT-MW1700-D-1/8-d01, P 1902-15374 (MNHN). DESCRIPTION — MALE: Body length 3.7 mm. Head and mesosoma black; metasoma dark castaneous. Head (Figure 73). Mandible with two apical teeth. Clypeus with median lobe subtrapezoidal; median tooth subangulate, outlined by carina; median carina distinctly incomplete apically and straight in profile. Frons strongly coriaceous. Mesosoma. Pronotal disc with anterior margin ecarinate, strongly coriaceous. Metapectal-propodeal complex with lateral and posterior areas ecarinate. Metasoma (Figure 167). Tergal process with shallow, subcircular and sublateral pair of depression, 0.48 x as long as tergite II, diverging posterad, with very long and thin setae on lateral area; each depression with small tubercle on its anterior area, evenly wide in longitudinal section, low, entirely dorsad, with small pit on top, with small few setae dorsad. Hypopygium (Figure 259) with median stalk evenly narrow, 1.0 x as long as hypopygial plate; lateral stalk triangular; posterior margin straight or nearly so. Genitalia (Figures 498-499). Basal margin of paramere with rounded projection. Aedeagal dorsal body with apex lower than parameral apex, wider basally, narrowing progressively apicad. Aedeagal ventral ramus with apex lower than aedeagal dorsal body apex, slightly trifurcated on apical region; apical region subangled and smooth. Genital ring strongly produced, each half straight in dorsal view. FEMALE: Unknown. ETYMOLOGY — The noun in apposition sis means cheese in Tok Pisin.
description: Published as part of Mugrabi, Daniele F. & Azevedo, Celso O., 2016, Description of 91 new species of DIssomphalus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) from New Guinea Island and surrounded areas, pp. 451-564 in Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 209 on page 543
Direct energy transfer from excited organic adsorbates to intrinsic defect sites in silicalite
Creators: name: Leheny, A. R.
name: Turro, Nicholas J.
name: Drake, J. M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: The decay of the excited singlet state of an aromatic molecule such as naphthalene adsorbed to the surface of silica is nonexponential. This nonexponential decay is shown to result from a multipolar interaction between the excited adsorbate and the intrinsic defects of silica. We present experimental evidence for direct energy transfer between the donor molecules, naphthalene and 2-methoxynaphthalene, and acceptor defects sites of a crystalline silica zeloite (silicalite). The principal condition for direct energy transfer, spectral overlap between the optical absorption of the defects and the fluorescence emission of the adsorbate is demonstrated for this system, and the nonexponential relaxation of the donor is shown to be described by a Forster-type stretched exponential. Based on the spectral overlap and energy transfer rate determined, the intrinsic defect density of silicalite is calculated to be 3±2×10 cm^-3.
Status of High-Index Materials for Generation-Three 193nm Immersion Lithography
Creators: name: Zimmerman, Paul A.
name: Peski, Chris Van
name: Rice, Bryan
name: Byers, Jeff
name: Turro, Nicholas J.
name: Lei, Xuegong
name: López-Gejo, Juan
name: Liberman, Vladimir
name: Palmacci, Steve
name: Rothchild, Mordy
name: Whitker, Andrew
name: Blakey, Idriss
name: Chen, Lan
name: Dargaville, Bronwin
name: Liu, Heping
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Generation-three (Gen-3) immersion lithography can be an enabler for the 32nm half-pitch node. For Gen-3 lithography to be successful, however, there must be three major breakthroughs in materials development: high refractive index ("high-index") lenses, high-index immersion fluids, and high-index photo-resists. Currently a material for a high-index lens element, lutetium aluminum garnet (LuAG), has been identified. However, suitable materials choices remain elusive for both the Gen-3 fluid and resist. This paper reviews the successes and failures in the search for Gen-3 high-index materials.
General MSSM signatures at the LHC with and without R-parity
Creators: name: Dreiner, H.
name: Porod, W.
name: Staub, F.
name: Vicente, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the possible signatures appearing in general realizations of the MSSM based on 14 unrelated mass parameters at the SUSY scale. The parameters of the general MSSM are reduced by assuming a degeneracy of the sfermions of the first two generations with the same quantum numbers. We also assume no mass-splitting between neutral and charged Higgsinos. We do allow for separate soft breaking terms for the third generation sfermons. We consider all possible resulting $14! \approx 9 \cdot10^{10}$ relevant mass orderings and check for the dominant decay cascades and the corresponding collider signatures. In determining the dominant decay modes we assume that mixing between sparticles is sub-dominant. As preferred signatures, we consider charged leptons, missing transverse momentum, jets, and $W, Z$ or Higgs bosons. We include also the cases of bi- and trilinear R-parity violation and show that specific signatures can be used to distinguish the different scenarios.
description: 18 pages, 14 tables. v2: Minor changes to improve readability of the results
Ruthenium(II)—tris-bipyridine/titanium dioxide codoped zeolite Y photocatalysts: II. Photocatalyzed degradation of the model pollutant 2,4-xylidine, evidence for percolation behavior
Creators: name: Bossmann, Stefan H.
name: Jockusch, Steffen
name: Schwarz, Peter
name: Baumeister, Bodo
name: Göb, Sabine
name: Schnabel, Claudia
name: Payawan, Leon
name: Pokhrel, Megh Raj
name: Wörner, Michael
name: Braun, André M.
name: Turro, Nicholas J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: A considerably arduous test of a novel class of composite materials consisting of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and TiO2 codoped zeolites Y is presented here. The [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and TiO2 codoped zeolites Y served as photocatalysts in the oxidation of the model compounds 2,4-dimethylaniline (2,4-xylidine) by H2O2 in an acidic aqueous medium. Zeolite-embedded TiO2(nano)particles play an important role in the degradation mechanism. The first step in this complex mechanism is the photoelectron transfer from photoexcited [Ru(bpy)3]2+*, located inside the supercage of zeolite Y, to a neighboring TiO2 nanoparticle. During this electron transfer process, electron injection into the conduction band of TiO2 is achieved. The second decisive step is the reaction of this electron with H2O2, which was previously chemisorbed at the surface-region of the TiO2 nanoparticles. In this reaction, a TiO2 bound hydroxyl radical (TiO2—HO ) is created. This highly reactive intermediate initiates then the oxidation of 2,4-xylidine, which enters the zeolites framework in its protonated form (Hxyl+). The formation of 2,4-dimethylphenol as first detectable reaction product indicated that this oxidation proceeds via an electron transfer mechanism. Furthermore, [Ru(bpy)3]3+, which was created in the initiating photoelectron transfer reaction between [Ru(bpy)3]2+* and TiO2, also takes place in the oxidation of Hxyl+. [Ru(bpy)3]2+ is recycled in that reaction, which also belongs to the group of electron transfer reactions. In addition to the primary steps of this particular Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP), the dependence of the efficiency of the 2,4-xylidine degradation as a function of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and TiO2 loadings of the zeolite Y framework is also reported here. The quenching of [Ru(bpy)3]2+* by H2O2 as well as the photocatalytic activity of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and TiO2 codoped zeolite Y catalysts both follow a distinct percolation behavior in dependence of their TiO2 content.
A comparative time-resolved CW EPR and FT EPR investigation of the addition of 2-hydroxy-2-propyl radicals to acrylate and methacrylate monomers
Creators: name: Weber, Matthias
name: Turro, Nicholas J.
name: Beckert, Dieter
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: The addition of 2-hydroxy-2-propyl radicals to n-butyl acrylate and n-butyl methacrylate has been investigated by time-resolved continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (TR CW EPR) and time-resolved Fourier transform electron paramagnetic resonance (TR FT EPR). The 2-hydroxy-2-propyl radicals were generated by the photolysis of acetone in propan-2-ol (through hydrogen abstraction) and by the photolysis of a ketone 5 (through α-cleavage). The TR CW and TR FT spectra were experimentally equivalent for the addition of 2-hydroxy-2-propyl radicals to n-butyl acrylate to produce 3a. However, there are distinct differences between the TR CW and TR FT spectra for the addition of 2-hydroxy-2-propyl radicals to n-butyl methacrylate which produces the radical adduct 4a. In particular, a number of hyperfine lines clearly present in the TR CW spectra are much weaker in, or are absent from, the TR FT spectra. The differences in the TR CW and TR FT spectra are attributed to hindered rotation, which is important in the spectrum of the adduct of 2-hydroxy-2-propyl radicals to n-butyl methacrylate (4a), but not in the spectrum of the adduct of 2-hydroxy-2-propyl radicals to n-butyl acrylate (3a). The hindered rotation is shown to selectively shorten the spin–spin relaxation time, T2, for certain hyperfine lines in the spectrum of 4a, resulting in broadening or disappearance of these lines and explaining the differences between the TR CW and TR FT spectra.
NLO QCD corrections to tW' and tZ' production in forward-backward asymmetry models
Creators: name: Adelman, J.
name: Ferrando, J.
name: White, C. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider Z' and W' models recently proposed to explain the top forward-backward asymmetry at the Tevatron. We present the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to associated production of such vector bosons together with top quarks at the Large Hadron Collider, for centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The corrections are significant, modifying the total production cross-section by 30-50%. We consider the effects of the corrections on the top and vector-boson kinematics. The results are directly applicable to current experimental searches, for both the ATLAS and CMS collaborations.
description: 62 pages, 13 figures, 36 tables. v3 Updated to correspond to Journal version and incorporate supplementary material
Influence of capping groups on the synthesis of γ-Fe2O3 nanocrystals
Creators: name: Yin, Ming
name: Willis, Amanda
name: Redl, Franz
name: Turro, Nicholas J.
name: O'Brien, Stephen P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Monodisperse and uniform γ-Fe_2O_3 (maghemite) nanocrystals of variable size were prepared by thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl [Fe(CO)_5] in the presence of surfactants, following controlled oxidation with trimethylamine N-oxide as a mild oxidant. The influence of carboxylic acids with variable alkyl carbon chain lengths on the synthesis of γ-Fe_2O_3 nanocrystals was investigated. The effect of the molar ratios of surfactant to iron precursor was also studied. The nanocrystals were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD showed the particles were highly crystalline at the nanometer scale. The results showed that the size and shape of the nanocrystal is strongly influenced by the decomposition temperature of iron pentacarbonyl and closely related to the length of carbon chain of the capping groups and the molar ratio of surfactant to iron precursor. Following controlled evaporation from nonpolar solvents, self-assembly into two-dimensional arrays could be observed by TEM. It was also found that the distance between the nanocrystals in self-assembled structures matched the length of the capping molecules very well.
Additional file 7: of Mitochondrial genomes of two diplectanids (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) expose paraphyly of the order Dactylogyridea and extensive tRNA gene rearrangements
Creators: name: Zhang, Dong
name: Li, Wen
name: Zou, Hong
name: Wu, Shan
name: Li, Ming
name: JakovliÄ, Ivan
name: Zhang, Jin
name: Chen, Rong
name: Wang, Gui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Figure S4. Maximum likelihood tree of nucleotide dataset with partition model. Figure S5. Maximum likelihood tree of amino acid dataset with partition model. Figure S6. AliGROOVE analysis. Table S3. The best partitioning scheme. (DOCX 517 kb)
Substrate properties that influence the enzymatic hydrolysis of organosolv-pretreated softwoods at low enzyme loadings
Creators: name: Del Rio, Luis Fernando
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Lignocellulosic biomass is a potential source of sugars for the production of fuels and chemicals. However, its resistance to chemical and biological degradation poses a significant challenge. Consequently, a pretreatment is required to increase the accessibility of cellulose to cellulases. The organosolv process is one of the few pretreatments that can process softwoods to generate substrates that are readily hydrolyzed by cellulases. However, because the residual lignin and hemicelluloses can restrict cellulose accessibility, obtaining significant cellulose conversion at low enzyme loadings (< 5 FPU g-¹ cellulose) remains a challenge. As complete delignification is not economically viable, we hypothesize that other substrate properties could be altered to reduce the recalcitrance of organosolv-pretreated softwoods. The initial work reported in this thesis compared the effects of pretreatment severity on the physico-chemical properties and enzymatic hydrolysis of organosolv-pretreated lodgepole pine and hybrid poplar (a representative hardwood). As expected, hybrid poplar was less recalcitrant than lodgepole pine. However, unlike lodgepole pine, which remained unaffected by changes in pretreatment severity, the recalcitrance of hybrid poplar increased with pretreatment severity. Interestingly, it was found that this increased recalcitrance was due to non-productive binding between lignin and cellulases. In contrast the inhibitory effect of lignin on the enzymatic hydrolysis of lodgepole pine was due to a combination of restricted cellulose accessibility and hydrophobic interactions between lignin and cellulases. Subsequent studies showed that rather than a single substrate characteristic such as lignin content, particle size or cellulose degree of polymerization, the overall cellulose accessibility is the key substrate characteristic that governs the susceptibility of the organosolv-pretreated substrates to enzymatic hydrolysis. Surprisingly, attempts to increase cellulose accessibility through PFI-mill refining were unsuccessful. However, increasing the hydrophilicity of the residual lignin via neutral sulphonation resulted in significant increases in enzymatic hydrolysis at 5 and 2.5 FPU g-¹ cellulose (from 80% to 95% and from 35% to 80%, respectively). This was likely due to decreased nonspecific interactions between the sulphonated lignin and cellulases. Overall, the results suggest that increasing the hydrophilicity of the residual lignin could be a viable strategy to reduce the recalcitrance of organosolv-pretreated softwoods.
Hangup Kicks: Still Larger Recoils by Partial Spin/Orbit Alignment of Black-Hole Binaries
Creators: name: Lousto, Carlos O.
name: Zlochower, Yosef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the scenario of the gravitational radiation recoil acquired by the final remnant of a black-hole-binary merger by studying a set of configurations that have components of the spin both aligned with the orbital angular momentum and in the orbital plane. We perform a series of 42 new full numerical simulations for equal-mass and equal-spin-magnitude binaries. We extend previous recoil fitting formulas to include nonlinear terms in the spins and successfully include both the new and known results. The new predicted maximum velocity approaches 5000km/s for spins partially aligned with the orbital angular momentum, which leads to an important increase of the probabilities of large recoils in generic astrophysical mergers. We find non-negligible probabilities for recoils of several thousand km/s from accretion-aligned binaries.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, revtex 4, references fixed. To appear in PRL
title: Die Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen müsste langfristig gestärkt werden: Interview
Creators: name: Gehlen, Annica
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 31/32, S. 503
title: Abschaffung der Mütterrente würde Altersarmut erhöhen
Creators: name: Blesch, Maximilian
name: Gehlen, Annica
name: Geyer, Johannes
name: Haan, Peter
name: Klotz, Stefan
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: D31 Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
subject: J14 Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-labor Market Discrimination
subject: J26 Retirement; Retirement Policies
subject: H55 Social Security and Public Pensions
subject: Women
subject: child credits
subject: pension reform
subject: income distribution

description: Angesichts demografiebedingt steigender Ausgaben in der Rentenversicherung wird verstärkt über Einsparpotenziale diskutiert. Dabei wird unter anderem vorgeschlagen, die vor zehn Jahren eingeführte Mütterrente wieder abzuschaffen. Allerdings hätte eine Streichung dieser Rentenzuschüsse für Frauen, die ihre Kinder vor 1992 geboren haben, erhebliche verteilungspolitische Auswirkungen. Berechnungen auf Basis des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) mit dem Mikrosimulationsmodell GETTSIM zeigen, dass eine Abschaffung der Mütterrente die Bruttorenten älterer Frauen um durchschnittlich etwa 85 Euro pro Monat mindern würde. Da die Mütterrente vor allem im unteren und mittleren Einkommensbereich wirkt, würde das Armutsrisiko von älteren Frauen um 14,4 Prozent steigen. Die Mütterrente rückgängig zu machen ist also nicht nur rechtlich fragwürdig, es hätte auch finanziell erhebliche negative Folgen. Langfristig sinnvoller wäre es, Ungleichheit und Altersarmutsrisiken schon während der Erwerbsphase anzugehen, indem gezielt Maßnahmen für eine höhere Frauenerwerbstätigkeit und eine Stärkung der partnerschaftlichen Aufteilung der Sorgearbeit ergriffen werden. Dafür ist es notwendig, Kinderbetreuung und Pflegeinfrastruktur auszubauen sowie die Anreize im Steuersystem durch eine Reform des Ehegattensplittings und der Minijobs zu verbessern.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 31/32, S. 495-502
title: Charlotte Felicitas von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Hannover
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Charlotte Felicitas von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Hannover as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Direct measurement of the singlet oxygen lifetime in zeolites by near-IR phosphorescence
Creators: name: Jockusch, Steffen
name: Sivaguru, J.
name: Turro, Nicholas J.
name: Ramamurthy, V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering
subject: Chemistry

description: Time-resolved near-IR phosphorescence spectroscopy was employed to determine the lifetime of singlet oxygen in Y-zeolites and porous silica and it was found to depend strongly on the alumina content of the zeolite.
Highly Ionized Collimated Outflow from HE 0238 - 1904
Creators: name: Muzahid, Sowgat
name: Srianand, Raghunathan
name: Savage, Blair D.
name: Narayanan, Anand
name: Mohan, Vijay
name: Dewangan, Gulab C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of a highly ionized, multiphased and collimated outflowing gas detected through O V, O VI, Ne VIII and Mg X absorption associated with the QSO HE 0238 - 1904 (z_em ~ 0.629). Based on the similarities in the absorption line profiles and estimated covering fractions, we find that the O VI and Ne VIII absorption trace the same phase of the absorbing gas. Simple photoionization models can reproduce the observed N(Ne VIII), N(O VI) and N(Mg X) from a single phase whereas the low ionization species (e.g. N III, N IV, O IV) originate from a different phase. The measured N(Ne VIII)/N(O VI) ratio is found to be remarkably similar (within a factor of ~ 2) in several individual absorption components kinematically spread over ~ 1800 km/s. Under photoionization this requires a fine tuning between hydrogen density (nH) and the distance of the absorbing gas from the QSO. Alternatively this can also be explained by collisional ionization in hot gas with T > 10^{5.7} K. Long-term stability favors the absorbing gas being located outside the broad line region (BLR). We speculate that the collimated flow of such a hot gas could possibly be triggered by the radio jet interaction.
description: Minor revision (accepted for publication in MNRAS letter)
Amplification of the index of refraction of aqueous immersion fluids with crown ethers
Creators: name: LÃ³pez-Gejo, Juan
name: Kunjappu, Joy T.
name: Turro, Nicholas J.
name: Conley, Will
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: There is a current need for high refractive index (RI) materials that can be used in aqueous systems for improving 193-nm immersion photolithography. Although heavy metal salts such as Ca2+ and Ba2+ have the potential to substantially increase the RI of aqueous solutions, the water solubility of these salts with common anions is often too low to achieve concentrations that significantly increase the RI to the desired values. We therefore investigate the use of crown ethers to enhance the solubility of these cations. Most of crown ethers are soluble in water, are inexpensive materials, and are available commercially. 15-crown-5-ether and 12-crown-4-ether are liquids at room temperature and therefore can be used as neat immersion fluids without dilution in water. Saturation of crown ethers with inorganic salts do not lead to any increase in the refractive index due to their low solubility in such an apolar medium. Thus, the use of inorganic salts as refractive index enhancement agents does not seem to be a desirable proposition in the present case. Instead, the use of crown ethers or their derivatives can be an alternative system, since these compounds have properties such as density, viscosity, and boiling point similar to aqueous media.
title: Etienne Chauvin
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Etienne Chauvin as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Holonomic gradient method for the distribution function of the largest root of a Wishart matrix
Creators: name: Hashiguchi, Hiroki
name: Numata, Yasuhide
name: Takayama, Nobuki
name: Takemura, Akimichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62H10, 13N10

description: We apply the holonomic gradient method introduced by Nakayama et al.(2011) to the evaluation of the exact distribution function of the largest root of a Wishart matrix, which involves a hypergeometric function 1F1 of a matrix argument. Numerical evaluation of the hypergeometric function has been one of the longstanding problems in multivariate distribution theory. The holonomic gradient method offers a totally new approach, which is complementary to the infinite series expansion around the origin in terms of zonal polynomials. It allows us to move away from the origin by the use of partial differential equations satisfied by the hypergeometric function. From numerical viewpoint we show that the method works well up to dimension 10. From theoretical viewpoint the method offers many challenging problems both to statistics and D-module theory.
title: Charles-Honoré Chevreuse
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Charles-Honoré Chevreuse as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
title: Die AfD ist in überalterten Kreisen mit wirtschaftlichen und strukturellen Problemen stark: Interview
Creators: name: Kriwoluzky, Alexander
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 30, S. 489
Polyurethane Nanocomposites
Creators: name: Khudyakov, Igor V.
name: Zopf, R. David
name: Turro, Nicholas J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: This review describes the present state of science and technology of photopolymerizable (UV-curable) polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites which include nanosilica and organically-modified clay (organoclay). A number of documented improvements of properties of PU nanocomposites compared to the pristine PU are presented. Many data on the structure and properties of PU nanocomposites were obtained not only for UV-cured urethane acrylate oligomers, but also for nanocomposites produced in the dark reactions. These data are critically reviewed. There is an expectation in the field of dramatic improvement of properties of PU nanocomposites under low loading (1-5 wt%) of organoclay.
Critical metrics of the $L^2$-norm of the scalar curvature
Creators: name: Catino, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we investigate complete critical metrics of the $L^{2}$-norm of the scalar curvature. We prove that any complete critical metric with positive scalar curvature has constant scalar curvature and we characterize critical metrics with nonnegative scalar curvature in dimension three and four.
Configuration Management and Security
Creators: name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
name: Bush, Randy
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Computer science

description: Proper configuration management is vital for host and network security. We outline the problems, especially for large-scale environments, and discuss the security aspects of a number of different configuration scenarios, including security appliances (e.g., firewalls), desktop and server computers, and PDAs. We conclude by discussing research challenges.
title: Aymar de Chouppes
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Aymar de Chouppes as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
title: Wirtschaft, Demografie und strukturelle Missstände: Die Faktoren hinter dem Erfolg der AfD bei der Europawahl 2024
Creators: name: Franz, Christian
name: Garamow, Adelina
name: Kritikos, Alexander S.
name: Kriwoluzky, Alexander
name: Fratzscher, Marcel
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: D72 Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
subject: Z13 Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Social and Economic Stratification
subject: political parties
subject: elections
subject: Germany
subject: economy
subject: demography
subject: migration
subject: structural data
subject: European elections
subject: Federal elections

description: Die Europawahl 2024 hat in Deutschland zu einer Zweiteilung der politischen Landkarte geführt. Während in den westlichen Bundesländern überwiegend die Union zur stärksten Partei gekürt wird, dominiert im Osten die AfD. Dieser Wochenbericht untersucht, welche regionalen Faktoren im Zusammenhang mit den Wahlerfolgen der AfD und des neu gegründeten Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht (BSW) stehen. Dazu analysiert der Bericht Daten auf Kreisebene und teilt diese in vier Dimensionen auf: Wirtschaftslage, strukturelle Faktoren wie Anteil der Handwerksunternehmen und Beschäftigte im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe, Demografie und Zuwanderung. Die Analyse zeigt, dass die beiden populistischen Parteien im Osten vor allem in überalterten Regionen stark sind. Im Westen schneiden sie zusätzlich in Industrieregionen mit vielen Beschäftigen, deren Jobs durch Automatisierung und Digitalisierung bedroht sind, in Regionen mit einem hohen Ausländer*innenanteil, sowie – und das gilt für die AfD mehr noch als für das BSW – in Regionen mit schwacher Wirtschaftslage besser ab. Für die Politik folgt daraus, dass sie die Probleme in strukturschwachen und demografisch älteren Kreisen systematischer als bisher angehen muss.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 30, S. 479-488
Ground-State Dirac Monopole
Creators: name: Ruokokoski, Emmi
name: Pietilä, Ville
name: Möttönen, Mikko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show theoretically that a monopole defect, analogous to the Dirac magnetic monopole, may exist as the ground state of a dilute spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate. The ground-state monopole is not attached to a single semi-infinite Dirac string, but forms a point where the circulation of a single vortex line is reversed. Furthermore, the three-dimensional dynamics of this monopole defect are studied after the magnetic field pinning the monopole is removed and the emergence of antimonopoles is observed. Our scheme is experimentally realizable with the present-day state of the art.
Electron-hole puddles in the absence of charged impurities
Creators: name: Gibertini, Marco
name: Tomadin, Andrea
name: Guinea, Francisco
name: Katsnelson, Mikhail I.
name: Polini, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is widely believed that carrier-density inhomogeneities ("electron-hole puddles") in single-layer graphene on a substrate like quartz are due to charged impurities located close to the graphene sheet. Here we demonstrate by using a Kohn-Sham-Dirac density-functional scheme that corrugations in a real sample are sufficient to determine electron-hole puddles on length scales that are larger than the spatial resolution of state-of-the-art scanning tunneling microscopy.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, published version
Photophysics, mechanistic studies and biosensing capability of pyridinium and isoquinolinium betaines
Creators: name: MCDONALD, PETER WILLIAM-NOEL
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 320602
subject: Medical biotechnology diagnostics (incl. biosensors)

description: Environmentally sensitive molecules have a wide range of applications, including as sensors or imaging agents for biological processes. One way this can be achieved is by measuring changes of fluorescence (variation in the colour of light emitted). This work describes the synthesis of such materials and several studies used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for their sensitive behaviour. As an application, one of these molecules was tethered to a known drug and used to test sensing capability on binding to a cell membrane-embedded protein receptor.
Gender Differences in Mate Selection: Evidence from a Speed Dating Experiment
Creators: name: Fisman, Raymond J.
name: Iyengar, Sheena Sethi
name: Kamenica, Emir
name: Simonson, Itamar
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Managerial economics
Dating (Social customs)
Sex role

description: We study dating behavior using data from a Speed Dating experiment where we generate random matching of subjects and create random variation in the number of potential partners. Our design allows us to directly observe individual decisions rather than just final matches. Women put greater weight on the intelligence and the race of partner, while men respond more to physical attractiveness. Moreover, men do not value women's intelligence or ambition when it exceeds their own. Also, we find that women exhibit a preference for men who grew up in affluent neighborhoods. Finally, male selectivity is invariant to group size, while female selectivity is strongly increasing in group size.