cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
(400131) Helen Lindsay
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Maternal infection and white matter toxicity
Creators: name: Harry, G. Jean
name: Lawler, Cindy
name: Brunssen, Susan H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Studies examining maternal infection as a risk factor for neurological disorders in the offspring have suggested that altered maternal immune status during pregnancy can be considered as an adverse event in prenatal development. Infection occurring in the mother during the gestational period has been implicated in multiple neurological effects. The current manuscript will consider the issue of immune/inflammatory conditions during prenatal development where adverse outcomes have been linked to maternal systemic infection. The discussions will focus primary on white matter and oligodendrocytes as they have been identified as target processes. This white matter damage occurs in very early preterm infants and in various other human diseases currently being examined for a linkage to maternal or early developmental immune status. The intent is to draw attention to the impact of altered immune status during pregnancy on the offspring for the consideration of such contributing factors to the general assessment of developmental neurotoxicology.
(400128) James Earl Blain
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Spatial and visual discrimination reversals in adult and geriatric rats exposed during gestation to methylmercury and n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Creators: name: Day, Jeremy J.
name: Newland, M. Christopher
name: Paletz, Elliott M.
name: Craig-Schmidt, Margaret C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Fish contain essential long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 (or n-3) PUFA, but are also the main source of exposure to methylmercury (MeHg), a potent developmental neurotoxicant. Since n-3 PUFAs support neural development and function, benefits deriving from a diet rich in n-3s have been hypothesized to protect against deleterious effects of gestational MeHg exposure. To determine whether protection occurs at the behavioral level, female Long-Evans rats were exposed, in utero, to 0, 0.5, or 5 ppm of Hg as MeHg via drinking water, approximating exposures of 0, 40, and 400 μg Hg/kg/day and producing 0, 0.29, and 5.50 ppm of total Hg in the brains of siblings at birth. They also received pre- and postnatal exposure to one of two diets, both based on the AIN-93 semipurified formulation. A “fish-oil” diet was high in, and a “coconut-oil” diet was devoid of, DHA. Diets were approximately equal in α-linolenic acid and n-6 PUFAs. As adults, the rats were first assessed with a spatial discrimination reversal (SDR) procedure and later with a visual (nonspatial) discrimination reversal (VDR) procedure. MeHg increased the number of errors to criterion for both SDR and VDR during the first reversal, but effects were smaller or nonexistent on the original discrimination and on later reversals. No such MeHg-related deficits were seen when the rats were retested on SDR after two years of age. These results are consistent with previous reports and hypotheses that gestational MeHg exposure produces perseverative responding. No interactions between Diet and MeHg were found, suggesting that n-3 PUFAs do not guard against these behavioral effects. Brain Hg concentrations did not differ between the diets, either. In geriatric rats, failures to respond were less common and response latencies were shorter for rats fed the fish oil diet, suggesting that exposure to a diet rich in n-3s may lessen the impact of age-related declines in response initiation.
On the Fourier analytic structure of the Brownian graph
Creators: name: Fraser, Jonathan M.
name: Sahlsten, Tuomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B10, 60H30 (primary), 60J65, 28A80 (secondary)

description: In a previous article (\textit{Int. Math. Res. Not.} 2014, 2730--2745) T. Orponen and the authors proved that the Fourier dimension of the graph of any real-valued function on $\mathbb{R}$ is bounded above by $1$. This partially answered a question of Kahane ('93) by showing that the graph of the Wiener process $W_t$ (Brownian motion) is almost surely not a Salem set. In this article we complement this result by showing that the Fourier dimension of the graph of $W_t$ is almost surely $1$. In the proof we introduce a method based on Ito calculus to estimate Fourier transforms by reformulating the question in the language of Ito drift-diffusion processes and combine it with the classical work of Kahane on Brownian images.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures. v3: removed the equidistribution section. To appear in Analysis & PDE
Anti-cancer drug induced neurotoxicity and identification of Rho pathway signaling modulators as potential neuroprotectants
Creators: name: Longo, Frank M.
name: Lu, Qun
name: Yang, Tao
name: James, Sarah E.
name: Burden, Hubert
name: Massa, Stephen M.
name: Burgess, Russell
name: Xie, Youmei
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Many chemotherapy drugs are known to cause significant clinical neurotoxicity, which can result in the early cessation of treatment. To identify and develop more effective means of neuroprotection it is important to understand the toxicity of these drugs at the molecular and cellular levels. In the present study, we examine the effects of paclitaxel (taxol), cisplatin, and methotrexate on primary rat neurons including hippocampal, cortical, and dorsal horn/dorsal root ganglion neuronal cultures. We found that all of these anti-cancer drugs induce substantial neurotoxicity evidenced by neurite degeneration. The neurons are capable of recovering after treatment withdrawal, but taxol exerts a biphasic effect that results in the collapse of processes days after treatment is withdrawn. After cisplatin and methotrexate treatment, we observed the degeneration of neuronal processes including the reduction of dendritic branching, length, and altered growth cone formation, indicating an abnormal arrangement of the actin cytoskeleton consistent with the involvement of Rho family small GTPases. Inhibiting RhoA downstream effector p160ROCK/Rho kinase using Y-27632, or activating p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) using non-peptide mimetic LM11A-31, were able to reverse the degeneration caused by cisplatin and methotrexate. Therefore, the neurotoxicity resulting from exposure to the anti-cancer drugs cisplatin and methotrexate can be alleviated by inhibiting Rho signaling pathway.
(400129) Samuel George Puplett
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Photometric and proper motion study of neglected open cluster NGC 2215
Creators: name: Fitzgerald, M. T.
name: Inwood, L.
name: McKinnon, D. H.
name: Dias, W. S.
name: Sacchi, M.
name: Scott, B.
name: Zolinski, M.
name: Danaia, L.
name: Edwards, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical UBVRI photometric measurements using the Faulkes Telescope North were taken in early 2011 and combined with 2MASS JHK$_s$ and WISE infrared photometry as well as UCAC4 proper motion data in order to estimate the main parameters of the galactic open cluster NGC 2215 of which large uncertainty exists in the current literature. Fitting a King model we estimate a core radius of 1.12$'\pm$0.04$'$ (0.24$\pm$0.01pc) and a limiting radius of $4.3'\pm$0.5$'$ (0.94$\pm$0.11pc) for the cluster. The results of isochrone fits indicates an age of $log(t)=8.85\pm0.10$ with a distance of $d=790\pm90$pc, a metallicity of $[Fe/H]=-0.40\pm0.10$ dex and a reddening of $E(B-V)=0.26\pm0.04$. A proportion of the work in this study was undertaken by Australian and Canadian upper secondary school students involved in the Space to Grow astronomy education project, and is the first scientific publication to have utilized our star cluster photometry curriculum materials.
description: 10 pages, 9 Figures, 3 Tables
Revisiting numerical real-space renormalization group for quantum lattice systems
Creators: name: Cen, Li-Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although substantial progress has been achieved in solving quantum impurity problems, the numerical renormalization group (NRG) method generally performs poorly when applied to quantum lattice systems in a real-space blocking form. The approach was thought to be unpromising for most lattice systems owing to its flaw in dealing with the boundaries of the block. Here the discovery of intrinsic prescriptions to cure interblock interactions is reported which clears up the boundary obstacle and is expected to reopen the application of NRG to quantum lattice systems. While the resulting RG transformation turns out to be strict in the thermodynamic limit, benchmark tests of the algorithm on a one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet and a two-dimensional tight-binding model demonstrate its numerical efficiency in resolving low-energy spectra for the lattice systems.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables, minor revisions
mohring_tables_figures_ESM.pdf from Drivers of within- and among-individual variation in risk-taking behaviour during reproduction in a long-lived bird
Creators: name: Mohring, Bertille
name: Angelier, Frédéric
name: Jaatinen, Kim
name: Steele, Ben
name: Lönnberg, Elin
name: Öst, Markus
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Electronic supplementary materials S1-S7
Endotoxin induces a delayed loss of TH-IR neurons in substantia nigra and motor behavioral deficits
Creators: name: Hong, Jau Shyong
name: Qian, Li
name: Wilson, Belinda
name: Liu, Yuxin
name: Crews, Fulton T.
name: Granholm, Ann Charlotte
name: Qin, Liya
name: Wu, Xuefei
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: We have previously reported that a single injection of endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg, i.p.), causes a delayed and progressive loss of TH-IR neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) in C57BL/six male mice. In this study, we determined sex differences and behavioral deficits accompanying the loss of TH-IR neurons in response to peripheral LPS injection. A single injection of LPS (5 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to produce any loss of TH-IR neurons in the SN of female mice over a 12-month period. To determine if multiple-injections were required, female mice received five injections of LPS (5 mg/kg, i.p.) at either weekly or monthly intervals. Behavioral motor ability and TH-IR neuronal loss were determined after the first injection of LPS. We found significant differences in both behavioral activities and neuronal loss between these two injection paradigms. Between 7 and 20 months after the first injection of LPS, progressive behavioral changes, measured by rotor-rod and open-field activities, and neuronal loss in SN were observed in monthly injected, but not in weekly injected mice. In addition, reduced rotor-rod ability in monthly injected mice were restored following treatment of l-dopa/carbidopa (30 mg/3 mg/kg), i.p.). Approximately 40 and 50% loss of TH-IR neurons at 9 and 20 months, respectively, was observed after exposure to LPS, suggesting that the behavioral deficit is related to loss of dopamine function in the nigrastriatal pathway. More intense immuno-staining of α-synuclein and inflammatory markers were detected in brain sections exposed to LPS. In conclusion, these results show that multi-LPS monthly injections can induce a delayed and progressive loss of TH-IR neurons andmotor deficits which resemble the progressive nature of Parkinson’s disease. Further, the present study reveals a clear sex difference: female mice are more resistant to LPS than male mice. Repeated monthly LPS injections are required to cause both motor behavioral deficits and DA neuronal loss in female mice.
Brain levels of the neurotoxic pyridinium metabolite HPP+ and extrapyramidal symptoms in haloperidol-treated mice
Creators: name: Castagnoli, Neal
name: Crowley, James J.
name: Ashraf-Khorassani, Mehdi
name: Sullivan, Patrick F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The typical antipsychotic haloperidol is a highly effective treatment for schizophrenia but its use is limited by a number of serious, and often irreversible, motor side effects. These adverse drug reactions, termed extrapyramidal syndromes (EPS), result from an unknown pathophysiological mechanism. One theory relates to the observation that the haloperidol metabolite HPP+ (4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]-pyridinium) is structurally similar to MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium), a neurotoxin responsible for an irreversible neurodegenerative condition similar to Parkinson's disease. To determine whether HPP+ contributes to haloperidol-induced EPS, we measured brain HPP+ and haloperidol levels in strains of mice at high (C57BL/6J and NZO/HILtJ) and low (BALB/cByJ and PWK/PhJ) liability to haloperidol-induced EPS following chronic treatment (7–10 adult male mice per strain). Brain levels of HPP+ and the ratio of HPP+ to haloperidol were not significantly different between the haloperidol-sensitive and haloperidol-resistant strain groups (P = 0.50). Within each group, however, strain differences were seen (P < 0.01), indicating that genetic variation regulating steady-state HPP+ levels exists. Since the HPP+ levels that we observed in mouse brain overlap the range of those detected in post-mortem human brains following chronic haloperidol treatment, the findings from this study are physiologically relevant to humans. The results suggest that strain differences in steady-state HPP+ levels do not explain sensitivity to haloperidol-induced EPS in the mice we studied.
Product competitiveness and stages of its evaluation
Creators: name: Vashkiv, Oleksandr
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 140205 Environment and Resource Economics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 140206 Experimental Economics
subject: 140209 Industry Economics and Industrial Organisation

description: In modern markets, the competitiveness of products is directly related to its quality and a number of its properties, focused on satisfying both existing and potential consumer demand. In addition, a product can be considered competitive if its selling price does not exceed the market price, and the quality is not inferior in its characteristics to goods of a similar purpose that are presented on the market.
Thus, the competitiveness of products can be interpreted as a characteristic that reflects its difference from a competitor product and as it matches a specific social need, and in terms of the cost of satisfying it. The basis for assessing the competitiveness of products are the results of a study of customer needs and market requirements. Indicators reflecting such a difference characterize the level of competitiveness of the analyzed product in comparison with a competing product or a reference sample.
Considering that the needs of a particular consumer are formed under the influence of a certain complex of factors and are marked by an individual character, the estimates of the same product by different consumers may differ from each other. Ultimately, consumers will give different preferences to specific products, their choice from the mass of similar products on the market. The consumer considers the products to be competitive if the ratio of benefit and costs is the largest compared to other products. Consequently, with respect to a particular consumer, the competitiveness of a product is a purely individual characteristic.
Insights and Current Perspectives on Pharmacogenomics of Antimalarial Drugs
Creators: name: Julius Olugbenga Soyinka
name: Charles, Okeke Nnadi
name: Sharon, Iyobor Igbinoba
name: Cyprian Ogbonna Onyeji
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Antimalarial drugs; Cytochrome P450; Gene Variants; Pharmacogenomics

description: ABSTRACT
Malaria constitutes a major public health concern in tropical and other malaria-endemic regions. Genetic and non-genetic factors are known to influence the pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics of drugs including antimalarial drugs resulting in variability in drug responses. This article aimed to update perspectives on pharmacogenomics and also provide an updated appraisal of genetic variability in drug-metabolizing enzymes which alter the disposition of antimalarial drugs causing variations in treatment outcomes. Important literature databases such as Elsevier, IEEExplore, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and BioMed Central were selected based on the quality, extant content, and broad area of the discipline. The specific keywords related to the study were identified and used for the study purposely to identify related works. Advances in genetic research have facilitated the identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) that alter the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes that metabolize most antimalarial drugs. There is an association between isoforms of CYP450 gene variants and the efficacy of some antimalarial drugs, and this may be applied to the optimization of malarial therapy. Although identification of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) gene variants can be used for personalization of malaria treatment, several challenges are encountered in this process but some resources provide education and guidelines on how to use the pharmacogenetic results of specific drugs.
Keywords: Antimalarial drugs; Cytochrome P450; Gene Variants; Pharmacogenomics
(400125) Clara Jane Puplett
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Electromagnetic shielding in quantum metrology
Creators: name: Jin, Yao
name: Yu, Hongwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of the quantum Fisher information of the parameters of the initial atomic state and atomic transition frequency is studied, in the framework of open quantum systems, for a static polarizable two-level atom coupled in the multipolar scheme to a bath of fluctuating vacuum electromagnetic fields without and with the presence of a reflecting boundary. Our results show that in the case without a boundary, the electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations always cause the quantum Fisher information of the initial parameters and thus the precision limit of parameter estimation to decrease. Remarkably, however, with the presence of a boundary, the quantum Fisher information becomes position and atomic polarization dependent, and as a result, it may be enhanced as compared to that in the case without a boundary and may even be shielded from the influence of the vacuum fluctuations in certain circumstances as if it were a closed system.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
(400126) Frederick Hamilton George Blain
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Particulate matter neurotoxicity in culture is size-dependent
Creators: name: Lippmann, Morton
name: Chen, Lung Chi
name: Veronesi, Bellina
name: Tajuba, Julianne
name: Gillespie, Patricia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution produces inflammatory damage to the cardiopulmonary system. This toxicity appears to be inversely related to the size of the PM particles, with the ultrafine particle being more inflammatory than larger sizes. Exposure to PM has more recently been associated with neurotoxicity. This study examines if the size-dependent toxicity reported in cardiopulmonary systems also occurs in neural targets. For this study, PM ambient air was collected over a 2 week period from Sterling Forest State Park (Tuxedo, New York) and its particulates sized as Accumulation Mode, Fine (AMF) (>0.18-1μm) or Ultrafine (UF) (<0.18μm) samples. Rat dopaminergic neurons (N27) were exposed to suspensions of each PM fraction (0, 12.5, 25, 50μm/ml) and cell loss (as measured by Hoechst nuclear stain) measured after 24h exposure. Neuronal loss occurred in response to all tested concentrations of UF (>12.5μg/ml) but was only significant at the highest concentration of AMF (50μg/ml). To examine if PM size-dependent neurotoxicity was retained in the presence of other cell types, dissociated brain cultures of embryonic rat striatum were exposed to AMF (80μg/ml) or UF (8.0μg/ml). After 24h exposure, a significant increase of reactive nitrogen species (nitrite) and morphology suggestive of apoptosis occurred in both treatment groups. However, morphometric analysis of neuron specific enolase staining indicated that only the UF exposure produced significant neuronal loss, relative to controls. Together, these data suggest that the inverse relationship between size and toxicity reported in cardiopulmonary systems occurs in cultures of isolated dopaminergic neurons and in primary cultures of the rat striatum.
Prenatal cocaine exposure affects social behavior in Sprague-Dawley rats
Creators: name: Noonan, Linda R.
name: Johns, Josephine M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: Children prenatally exposed to cocaine are reported to exhibit inappropriate social behavior, including aggression. We have recently observed a similar phenomenon in rats prenatally exposed to cocaine. Pregnant females were injected twice daily with 15 mg/kg cocaine hydrochloride or saline on gestation days l–20. Offspring were tested for social behavior towards two unfamiliar, untreated rats of the same age and sex. Cocaine-treated males (90 PND) took longer to reciprocate contact and cocaine-treated females (60 PND) spent more time rough grooming unfamiliar females. Male cocaine offspring (180 PND) tested for aggression exhibited an increased frequency and duration and decreased latency to chase an intruder. ACTH was lower in cocaine-treated males (150–180 PND) following plus-maze exposure or exposure to an unfamiliar male. Our data indicate that prenatal cocaine treatment in rats increases fear or aggression responses, dependent on sex and stimulus situation.
Cocaine disrupts pup-induced maternal behavior in juvenile and adult rats
Creators: name: Haslup, Amber
name: Elliott, Deborah L.
name: Elliott, Jay C.
name: Mirza, Raessa
name: Jarrett, Thomas M.
name: Middleton, Christopher L.
name: Johns, Josephine M.
name: McMurray, Matthew S.
name: Walker, Cheryl H.
name: Hofler, Vivian E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Impaired onset of maternal behavior in first generation rat dams was previously correlated with rearing by cocaine-treated dams and prenatal cocaine exposure. Pup-induced maternal behavior in non-lactating rats has not been examined with regard to cocaine exposure and rearing conditions. First generation male and female juveniles and young adult males reared by cocaine-treated or control dams and prenatally exposed to either cocaine or control conditions were tested for pup-induced maternal behavior at postnatal days 28 and 60. We now report disruptions in pup-induced maternal behavior in both 28 and 60 day old first generation offspring attributable to rearing condition and prenatal cocaine exposure.
(400127) Charles Stuart Blain
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
mohring_datasets_ESM.pdf from Drivers of within- and among-individual variation in risk-taking behaviour during reproduction in a long-lived bird
Creators: name: Mohring, Bertille
name: Angelier, Frédéric
name: Jaatinen, Kim
name: Steele, Ben
name: Lönnberg, Elin
name: Öst, Markus
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Datasets used in the analyses
Gestational ethanol and nicotine exposure: Effects on maternal behavior, oxytocin, and offspring ethanol intake in the rat
Creators: name: Williams, S. K.
name: Jarrett, T. M.
name: Walker, C. H.
name: Cox, E. T.
name: McMurray, M. S.
name: Overstreet, D. H.
name: Fay, E. E.
name: Johns, J. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Alcohol consumption and smoking during pregnancy is common, despite the known adverse effects of these drugs on fetal development. Though studies on the effects of each drug separately are published, little is known about the effect of concurrent use of alcohol and nicotine in humans or in preclinical models. In this report, we examined the impact of continuous gestational exposure to both ethanol via liquid diet and nicotine via an osmotic minipump on maternal behavior, offspring ethanol intake, and oxytocin levels in a rat model. Dams were tested for the onset of maternal behavior with litters of unexposed surrogate pups and then killed to examine oxytocin levels within specific brain regions. Drug-exposed offspring reared by surrogate dams were tested for ethanol intake at either adolescence or adulthood, and oxytocin levels were measured in relevant brain regions after behavioral tests. Dams exhibited minor deficits in maternal care, which were associated with lower oxytocin levels in both the ventral tegmental and medial preoptic areas compared to control dams. Prenatal exposure altered sex-specific ethanol intake, with differential effects at adolescence and adulthood. Oxytocin system changes were also apparent in the ventral tegmental and medial preoptic regions of drug-exposed adolescent and adult offspring. These results suggest that dam treatment with ethanol and nicotine can somewhat negatively affect the early rearing environment, and that prenatal exposure to both of these drugs results in drinking behavior differing from what would be expected from either drug alone. Oxytocin’s possible involvement in the mediation of these effects is highlighted.
Chirality and spin transformation of triplet Cooper pairs upon interaction with singlet condensate
Creators: name: Moor, Andreas
name: Volkov, Anatoly F.
name: Efetov, Konstantin B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the fully polarized triplet s-wave component is characterized not only by the spin direction, but also by chirality. Interaction of a polarized triplet component and a singlet one results in creation of triplet Cooper pairs with opposite spin direction or of different chiralities. Such spin transformation leads to interesting phenomena in multiterminal magnetic Josephson junctions. We calculate the dc Josephson current $I_{\text{J}}$ in a multiterminal Josephson contact of the S$_{\text{m}}$/n/S$_{\text{m}}^{\prime}$ type with "magnetic" superconductors S$_{\text{m}}$ that generate fully polarized triplet components. The superconductors S$_{\text{m}}$ are attached to magnetic insulators (filters) which let to pass electrons with a fixed spin direction only. The filter axes are assumed to be oriented antiparallel to each other. The Josephson current is zero in two-terminal Josephson junction, i.e., in S/n/S$_{\text{m}}$ or in S$_{\text{m}}$/n/S$_{\text{m}}^{\prime}$ contact. But in the three-terminal Josephson junction, with another S superconductor attached to the normal wire, the finite current $I_{\text{J}}$ appears flowing from the S~superconductor to S$_{\text{m}}$ superconductors. The currents through the right (left) superconductors S$_{\text{m}}$ are opposite in sign, ${I_{\text{R}} \equiv I_{\text{J}} = I_{\text{c}} \sin (χ_{\text{R}} + χ_{\text{L}} - 2 χ) = - I_{\text{L}}}$, where $χ_{\text{L/R}}$ and $χ$ are the phases of superconductors S$_{\text{m}}$, S$_{\text{m}}^{\prime}$, and S, respectively. We discuss possibilities of experimental observation of the effect.
description: published version | 8+ pages | 4 figures | text updated
Simultaneous prenatal ethanol and nicotine exposure affect ethanol consumption, ethanol preference and oxytocin receptor binding in adolescent and adult rats
Creators: name: Williams, Sarah K.
name: Walker, Cheryl H.
name: Johns, Josephine M.
name: Fay, Emily E.
name: McMurray, Matthew S.
name: Overstreet, David H.
name: Cox, Elizabeth T.
name: Jarrett, Thomas M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Ethanol consumption and smoking during pregnancy are common, despite the known adverse effects on the fetus. The teratogenicity of each drug independently is well established; however, the effects of concurrent exposure to ethanol and nicotine in preclinical models remain unclear. This study examined the impact of simultaneous prenatal exposure to both ethanol and nicotine on offspring ethanol preference behaviors and oxytocin system dynamics. Rat dams were given liquid diet (17% ethanol derived calories(EDC)) on gestational day (GD) 5 and 35% EDC fromGD 6-20 and concurrently an osmotic minipump delivered nicotine (3-6 mg/kg/day) from GD 4 - postpartum day 10. Offspring were tested for ethanol preference during adolescence (postnatal day (PND) 30-43) and again at adulthood (PND 60-73), followed by assays for oxytocin mRNA expression and receptor binding in relevant brain regions. Prenatal exposure decreased ethanol preference in males during adolescence, and decreased consumption and preference in females during adulthood compared to controls. Oxytocin receptor binding in the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus was increased in adult prenatally exposed males only. Prenatal exposure to these drugs sex-specifically decreased ethanol preference behavior in offspring unlike reports for either drug separately. The possible role of oxytocin in reduction of ethanol consumption behavior is highlighted.
The local Jacquet--Langlands correspondence and congruences modulo {\ell}
Creators: name: Mínguez, Alberto
name: Sécherre, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let F be a non-Archimedean local field of residual characteristic p, and {\ell} be a prime number different from p. We consider the local Jacquet-Langlands correspondence between {\ell}-adic discrete series of GL(n,F) and an inner form GL(m,D). We show that it respects the relationship of congruence modulo {\ell}. More precisely, we show that two integral {\ell}-adic discrete series of GL(m,D) are congruent modulo {\ell} if and only if the same holds for their Jacquet-Langlands transfers to GL(m,D).
description: in French
A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE CONDITIONS FOR THE RISE OF FAR-RIGHT PARTIES IN SCANDINAVIA
Creators: name: Zimelis, Andris
name: Zimelis, Andris
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Political Economy
subject: far-right parties
subject: extremism
subject: xenophobia
subject: anti-immigration
subject: nationalism

description: Subject and purpose of work: This article analyzes the factors depicted in the literature as essential for the emergence of far-right parties and assesses the importance of unemployment, immigration and political establishments in the failures of the far-right wing parties in Sweden and Finland in early 2000s. Materials and methods: Multi-methods approach is used in this study including case studies and a novel technique based on Boolean algebra. Results: The findings of this paper lead to the conclusion that the correlation between unemployment rates and the electoral strength of far-right parties is weak and does not support simplistic thesis such as high unemployment leads to extremism. Moreover, despite objectively favorable conditions in terms of high immigration rates, the presence of non-European immigrants in a country does not in itself explain the emergence of far-right parties. Conclusions: The study points to the importance of political factors such as the differences between the mainstream parties and tackling the immigration issue by the Liberal Party in Sweden and the wide ideological span of the coalition government and the role of Finland’s special relationship with the USSR that militated against the emergence of far-right parties in these countries.
Electrically tunable magnetoplasmons in a monolayer of silicene or germanene
Creators: name: Tahir, M.
name: Vasilopoulos, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study electrically tunable magnetoplasmons in a monolayer of silicene or germanene. We derive the dynamical response function and take into account the effects of strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and of an external electric filed $E_z$ perpendicular to the plane of the buckled silicene/germanene. Employing the random-phase approximation we analyze the magnetoplasmon spectrum. The dispersion relation has the same form as in a two-dimensional electron gas with the cyclotron and plasma frequencies modified due to the SOC and the field $E_z$. In the absence of SOC and $E_z$, our results agree well with recent experiments on graphene. The predicted effects could be tested by experiments similar to those on graphene and would be useful for future spintronics and optoelectronic devices.
description: 8 pages and 6 figs
A proposal to facilitate weight-of-evidence assessments: Harmonization of Neurodevelopmental Environmental Epidemiology Studies (HONEES)
Creators: name: Mattison, Donald R.
name: Youngstrom, Eric
name: Squibb, Katherine
name: Anthony, Laura Gutermuth
name: Makris, Susan L.
name: Lipkin, Paul H.
name: Bale, Ambuja S.
name: Kenworthy, Lauren
name: Raffaele, Kathleen C.
name: Lakind, Judy S.
name: Goodman, Michael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The ability to conduct weight-of-evidence assessments to inform the assessment of potential environmental neurotoxicants is limited by lack of comparability of study methods, data analysis, and reporting. There is a need to establish consensus guidelines for conducting, analyzing, and reporting neurodevelopmental environmental epidemiologic studies, while recognizing that consistency is likewise needed for epidemiology studies examining other health outcomes. This paper proposes a set of considerations to be used by the scientific community at-large as a tool for systematically evaluating the quality of proposed and/or published studies in terms of their value for weight-of-evidence assessments. Particular emphasis is placed on evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of neurodevelopmental function tests, as these characteristics directly affect the risk of false positive and false negative decisions at the level of the individual, thus influencing the risk of incorrect conclusions at the level of study findings. The proposed considerations are the first step in what must be a larger consensus-based process and can serve to catalyze such a discussion. Achieving consensus in these types of endeavors is difficult; however, opportunities exist for further interdisciplinary discussion, collaboration, and research that will help realize this goal. Broad acceptance and application of such an approach can facilitate the expanded use of environmental epidemiology studies of potential neurodevelopmental toxicants in the protection of public health, and specifically children's health.
Ventromedian forebrain dysgenesis follows early prenatal ethanol exposure in mice
Creators: name: Dehart, Deborah B.
name: Godin, Elizabeth A.
name: Sulik, Kathleen K.
name: O'Leary-Moore, Shonagh K.
name: Parnell, Scott E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Ethanol exposure on gestational day (GD) 7 in the mouse has previously been shown to result in ventromedian forebrain deficits along with facial anomalies characteristic of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). To further explore ethanol's teratogenic effect on the ventromedian forebrain in this mouse model, scanning electron microscopic and histological analyses were conducted. For this, time mated C57Bl/6J mice were injected with 2.9 g/kg ethanol or saline twice, at a four hour interval, on their 7th day of pregnancy. On GD 12.5, 13 and 17, control and ethanol-exposed specimens were collected and processed for light and scanning electron microscopic analyses. Gross morphological changes present in the forebrains of ethanol-exposed embryos included cerebral hemispheres that were too close in proximity or rostrally united, enlarged foramina of Monro, enlarged or united lateral ventricles, and varying degrees of hippocampal and ventromedian forebrain deficiency. In GD 12.5 control and ethanol-exposed embryos, in situ hybridization employing probes for Nkx2.1 or Fzd8 to distinguish the preoptic area and medial ganglionic eminences (MGE) from the lateral ganglionic eminences, respectively, confirmed the selective loss of ventromedian tissues. Immunohistochemical labeling of oligodendrocyte progenitors with Olig2, a transcription factor necessary for their specification, and of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, showed ethanol-induced reductions in both. To investigate later consequences of ventromedian forebrain loss, MGE-derived somatostatin-expressing interneurons in the subpallial region of GD 17 fetal mice were examined, with results showing that the somatostatin-expressing interneurons that were present were dysmorphic in the ethanol-exposed fetuses. The potential functional consequences of this insult are discussed.
Disruption of social approach by MK-801, amphetamine, and fluoxetine in adolescent C57BL/6J mice
Creators: name: Knapp, Darin J.
name: Nikolova, Viktoriya D.
name: Agster, Kara L.
name: Moy, Sheryl S.
name: Baker, Lorinda K.
name: Nonneman, Randal J.
name: Riddick, Natallia V.
name: Shafer, Geoffrey O.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Autism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder, diagnosed on the basis of core behavioral symptoms. Although the mechanistic basis for the disorder is not yet known, genetic analyses have suggested a role for abnormal excitatory/inhibitory signaling systems in brain, including dysregulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission. In mice, the constitutive knockdown of NMDA receptors leads to social deficits, repetitive behavior, and self-injurious responses that reflect aspects of the autism clinical profile. However, social phenotypes differ with age: mice with reduced NMDA-receptor function exhibit hypersociability in adolescence, but markedly deficient sociability in adulthood. The present studies determined whether acute disruption of NMDA neurotransmission leads to exaggerated social approach, similar to that observed with constitutive disruption, in adolescent C57BL/6J mice. The effects of MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist, were compared with amphetamine, a dopamine agonist, and fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on performance in a three-chamber choice task. Results showed that acute treatment with MK-801 led to social approach deficits at doses without effects on entry numbers. Amphetamine also decreased social preference, but increased number of entries at every dose. Fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) had selective effects on social novelty preference. Withdrawal from a chronic ethanol regimen decreased activity, but did not attenuate sociability. Low doses of MK-801 and amphetamine were also evaluated in a marble-burying assay for repetitive behavior. MK-801, at a dose that did not disrupt sociability or alter entries, led to a profound reduction in marble-burying. Overall, these findings demonstrate that moderate alteration of NMDA, dopamine, or serotonin function can attenuate social preference in wild type mice.
"DISTRIBUTION AND CURRENT STATUS OF THE SPECIES HEDYSARUM DROBOVII KOROTKOVA ."
Creators: name: Bahromjon Nazarov
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Данный кейс является результатом реализации индивидуального проекта BAHROM NAZAROVA по теме “DISTRIBUTION AND CURRENT STATUS OF THE SPECIES HEDYSARUM DROBOVII KOROTKOVA ."
Consistency of PT-symmetric quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Brody, Dorje C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent reports, suggestions have been put forward to the effect that parity and time-reversal (PT) symmetry in quantum mechanics is incompatible with causality. It is shown here, in contrast, that PT-symmetric quantum mechanics is fully consistent with standard quantum mechanics. This follows from the surprising fact that the much-discussed metric operator on Hilbert space is not physically observable. In particular, for closed quantum systems in finite dimensions there is no statistical test that one can perform on the outcomes of measurements to determine whether the Hamiltonian is Hermitian in the conventional sense, or PT-symmetric---the two theories are indistinguishable. Nontrivial physical effects arising as a consequence of PT symmetry are expected to be observed, nevertheless, for open quantum systems with balanced gain and loss.
description: 6 pages, final version to appear in J Phys A
Strategieerwerb beim schriftlichen Erzählen in der Primarstufe
Creators: name: Knott, Christina
name: Wild, Johannes
name: Goldenstein, Marina
name: Sontag, Christine
name: Stöger, Heidrun
name: Schilcher, Anita
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 430 Deutsch
subject: 830 Deutsche Literatur

description: Die digitale Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Fachdidaktik (GFD) vom 23. bis zum 25. September 2020 wurde von der Physikdidaktik der Universität Regensburg organisiert. Die Tagung wurde zusätzlich unterstützt vom Regensburger Universitätszentrum für Lehrerbildung RUL. Das Tagungsthema lautete: Fachliche Bildung und digitale Transformation - Fachdidaktische Forschung und Diskurse. Fachliche Bildung unterliegt grundlegenden Veränderungen im Zei­chen digitaler Transformation. Diese zeigen sich auf der Ebene fachli­chen Lehrens und Lernens. So wandeln sich die Rollenverteilung von Lehrenden wie Lernenden und das Bewusstsein darüber, wie Verantwortung in beiden Gruppen verteilt und genutzt werden kann. Lern­zeiten lassen sich individualisieren und Schülerinnen und Schülern er­öffnen sich neue Räume für selbstgesteuertes und partizipatives fach­liches Lernen. Zugleich sind digitale Formen der Gewinnung, Darstel­lung, Vermittlung und Aneignung fachlichen Wissens und fachbezo­gener Fähigkeiten weit mehr als neue Werkzeuge des Lehrens und Lernens im Fach. Vielmehr unterliegt jedes Fach und jede Fachdidak­tik auf je eigene Weise einem Prozess digitaler Transformation. Dieser schließt fachdidaktische Forschung und die Anforderungen an die Lehrerbildung in der ersten, zweiten und dritten Phase mit ein. Auch Fragen digitaler Ethik im Zeichen von Algorithmisierung, Big Data und KI sind berührt. Die ca. 50 Beiträge repräsentieren die fachdidaktischen Arbeiten, die in im Rahmen von Gruppenvorträgen, Einzelvorträgen, Workshops und Postern präsentiert wurden. (Herausgeber)