cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Uniform distribution of sequences of points and partitions
Creators: name: Infusino, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11K06, 11K38, 11K45, 28A80

description: The interest for uniformly distributed (u.d.) sequences of points, in particular for sequences with small discrepancy, arises from various applications. For instance, low-discrepancy sequences, which are sequences with a discrepancy of order $((\log N)^d)/N$ ($d$ is the dimension of the space where the sequence lies), are a fundamental tool for getting faster rate of convergence in approximation involving Quasi-Monte Carlo methods. The objectives of this work can be summarized as follows (1)The research of explicit techniques for introducing new classes of u.d. sequences of points and of partitions on $[0,1]$ and also on fractal sets (2) A quantitative analysis of the distribution behaviour of a class of generalized Kakutani's sequences on $[0,1]$ through the study of their discrepancy. Concerning (1), we propose an algorithm to construct u.d. sequences of partitions and of points on fractals generated by an Iterated Function System (IFS) of similarities having the same ratio and satisfying a natural separation condition of their components called Open Set Condition (OSC). We also provide an estimate for the elementary discrepancy of these sequences. We generalize these results to a wider class of fractals by using a recent generalization of Kakutani's splitting procedure on $[0,1]$, namely the technique of $ρ-$refinements. First, we focus on (2) and get precise bounds for the discrepancy of a large class of generalized Kakutani's sequences, exploiting a correspondence between the tree representation associated to successive $ρ-$refinements and the tree generated by Khodak's coding algorithm. Then we adapt the $ρ-$refinements method to the new class of fractals and prove bounds for the elementary discrepancy of the sequences of partitions constructed with such a procedure.
description: 120 pages, 7 figures, PhD Thesis. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0901.3235 by other authors
Superconducting nanowires by electron-beam-induced deposition
Creators: name: Sengupta, Shamashis
name: Li, Chuan
name: Baumier, Cedric
name: Kasumov, Alik
name: Gueron, S.
name: Bouchiat, H.
name: Fortuna, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconducting nanowires can be fabricated by decomposition of an organometallic gas using a focused beam of Ga ions. However, physical damage and unintentional doping often results from the exposure to the ion beam, motivating the search for a means to achieve similar structures with a beam of electrons instead of ions. This has so far remained an experimental challenge. We report the fabrication of superconducting tungsten nanowires by electron-beam-induced-deposition, with critical temperature of 2.0 K and critical magnetic field of 3.7 T, and compare them with superconducting wires made with ions. This work opens up new possibilities for the realization of nanoscale superconducting devices, without the requirement of an ion beam column.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Viral Single-Strand DNA Induces p53-Dependent Apoptosis in Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Creators: name: Dumitru, Raluca
name: Yadav, Swati
name: Hirsch, Matthew L.
name: Pevny, Larysa H.
name: Bower, Jacquelyn J.
name: Porteus, Matthew H.
name: Samulski, R. Jude
name: Fagan, B. Matthew
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are primed for rapid apoptosis following mild forms of genotoxic stress. A natural form of such cellular stress occurs in response to recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) single-strand DNA genomes, which exploit the host DNA damage response for replication and genome persistence. Herein, we discovered a unique DNA damage response induced by rAAV transduction specific to pluripotent hESCs. Within hours following rAAV transduction, host DNA damage signaling was elicited as measured by increased gamma-H2AX, ser15-p53 phosphorylation, and subsequent p53-dependent transcriptional activation. Nucleotide incorporation assays demonstrated that rAAV transduced cells accumulated in early S-phase followed by the induction of apoptosis. This lethal signaling sequalae required p53 in a manner independent of transcriptional induction of Puma, Bax and Bcl-2 and was not evident in cells differentiated towards a neural lineage. Consistent with a lethal DNA damage response induced upon rAAV transduction of hESCs, empty AAV protein capsids demonstrated no toxicity. In contrast, DNA microinjections demonstrated that the minimal AAV origin of replication and, in particular, a 40 nucleotide G-rich tetrad repeat sequence, was sufficient for hESC apoptosis. Our data support a model in which rAAV transduction of hESCs induces a p53-dependent lethal response that is elicited by a telomeric sequence within the AAV origin of replication.
Thermodynamic geometry of pure Lovelock black holes
Creators: name: Khuzani, Mohammadreza Ebrahimi
name: Mirza, Behrouz
name: Kachi, Mahnaz Tavakoli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study thermodynamic geometry for pure Lovelock black holes. The thermodynamics scalar curvature contains information about the interaction of microstates that might be repulsive or attractive. We obtain critical exponents and critical amplitudes of scalar and extrinsic curvatures for small and large black holes for various dimensions. We demonstrate that this model thermodynamic Ricci scalar scaling behavior has a universal behavior for different dimensions. Moreover, we determine the order of phase transition by using Ehrenfest equations and the Prigogine Defay ratio. We also consider the extended phase space and investigate the critical behavior of the pure Lovelock black holes for various dimensions.
description: 21 Pages, 27 Figures
Gated Si nanowires for large thermoelectric power factors
Creators: name: Neophytou, Neophytos
name: Kosina, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of electrostatic gating on the thermoelectric power factor of p-type Si nanowires (NWs) of up to 20nm in diameter in the [100], [110] and [111] crystallographic transport orientations. We use atomistic tight-binding simulations for the calculation of the NW electronic structure, coupled to linearized Boltzmann transport equation for the calculation of the thermoelectric coefficients. We show that gated NW structures can provide ~5x larger thermoelectric power factor compared to doped channels, attributed to their high hole phonon-limited mobility, as well as gating induced bandstructure modifications which further improve mobility. Despite the fact that gating shifts the charge carriers near the NW surface, surface roughness scattering is not strong enough to degrade the transport properties of the accumulated hole layer. The highest power factor is achieved for the [111] NW, followed by the [110], and finally by the [100] NW. As the NW diameter increases, the advantage of the gated channel is reduced. We show, however, that even at 20nm diameters, (the largest ones that we were able to simulate), a ~3x higher power factor for gated channels is observed. Our simulations suggest that the advantage of gating could still be present in NWs with diameters of up to ~40nm.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: August/September Kaiser Health Tracking Poll--2010 Affordable Care Act
Creators: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Rating local community (1); most important Congress election issues (2); opinion of Affordable Care Act (1); preferred Senate party majority (1); enthusiasm toward voting (2); factors affecting congressional vote (6); better party to handle various issues (4); source of ACA impression (1); Congress reaction to ACA (1); ACA effects (3); hearing from political candidates about various issues (5); Congress debating ACA (1); ACA advertisements (6); news stories followed closely (11); personal insurance coverage (2); pre-existing conditions (1); personal health rating (1).
Yes-Associated Protein 65 (YAP) Expands Neural Progenitors and Regulates Pax3 Expression in the Neural Plate Border Zone
Creators: name: Moody, Sally A.
name: Kramer, Kenneth L.
name: Conlon, Frank L.
name: Gee, Stephen T.
name: Milgram, Sharon L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Yes-associated protein 65 (YAP) contains multiple protein-protein interaction domains and functions as both a transcriptional co-activator and as a scaffolding protein. Mouse embryos lacking YAP did not survive past embryonic day 8.5 and showed signs of defective yolk sac vasculogenesis, chorioallantoic fusion, and anterior-posterior (A-P) axis elongation. Given that the YAP knockout mouse defects might be due in part to nutritional deficiencies, we sought to better characterize a role for YAP during early development using embryos that develop externally. YAP morpholino (MO)-mediated loss-of-function in both frog and fish resulted in incomplete epiboly at gastrulation and impaired axis formation, similar to the mouse phenotype. In frog, germ layer specific genes were expressed, but they were temporally delayed. YAP MO-mediated partial knockdown in frog allowed a shortened axis to form. YAP gain-of-function in Xenopus expanded the progenitor populations in the neural plate (sox2+) and neural plate border zone (pax3+), while inhibiting the expression of later markers of tissues derived from the neural plate border zone (neural crest, pre-placodal ectoderm, hatching gland), as well as epidermis and somitic muscle. YAP directly regulates pax3 expression via association with TEAD1 (N-TEF) at a highly conserved, previously undescribed, TEAD-binding site within the 5′ regulatory region of pax3. Structure/function analyses revealed that the PDZ-binding motif of YAP contributes to the inhibition of epidermal and somitic muscle differentiation, but a complete, intact YAP protein is required for expansion of the neural plate and neural plate border zone progenitor pools. These results provide a thorough analysis of YAP mediated gene expression changes in loss- and gain-of-function experiments. Furthermore, this is the first report to use YAP structure-function analyzes to determine which portion of YAP is involved in specific gene expression changes and the first to show direct in vivo evidence of YAP's role in regulating pax3 neural crest expression.
Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: October Kaiser Health Tracking Poll--2010 Affordable Care Act/Ebola
Creators: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Opinion of Affordable Care Act (1); most important congressional election issues (10); Congress debating ACA (1); improving or repealing ACA (1); understanding ACA (1); impact of ACA on family (1); health insurance exchanges (1); state expanding Medicaid (1); ACA providing financial help (1); open enrollment periods (1); contacted about ACA (1); ACA related advertisements (6); worried about Ebola (2); Ebola cases in United States (2); following Ebola news stories (2); US fighting Ebola (8); confidence in Ebola containment (3); Ebola media coverage (2); methods of Ebola transmissions (4); Ebola outbreak under control (1); additional effects of US aid (3); reason for combatting Ebola (1); other news stories followed closely (7); uninsured (3); obtaining insurance (4).
4D Multi-Modality Tissue Segmentation of Serial Infant Images
Creators: name: Shi, Feng
name: Yap, Pew-Thian
name: Lin, Weili
name: Wang, Li
name: Shen, Dinggang
name: Gilmore, John H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Accurate and consistent segmentation of infant brain MR images plays an important role in quantifying patterns of early brain development, especially in longitudinal studies. However, due to rapid maturation and myelination of brain tissues in the first year of life, the intensity contrast of gray and white matter undergoes dramatic changes. In fact, the contrast inverse around 6–8 months of age, when the white and gray matter tissues are isointense and hence exhibit the lowest contrast, posing significant challenges for segmentation algorithms. In this paper, we propose a longitudinally guided level set method to segment serial infant brain MR images acquired from 2 weeks up to 1.5 years of age, including the isointense images. At each single-time-point, the proposed method makes optimal use of T1, T2 and the diffusion-weighted images for complimentary tissue distribution information to address the difficulty caused by the low contrast. Moreover, longitudinally consistent term, which constrains the distance across the serial images within a biologically reasonable range, is employed to obtain temporally consistent segmentation results. Application of our method on 28 longitudinal infant subjects, each with 5 longitudinal scans, shows that the automated segmentations from the proposed method match the manual ground-truth with much higher Dice Ratios than other single-modality, single-time-point based methods and the longitudinal but voxel-wise based methods. The software of the proposed method is publicly available in NITRC (http://www.nitrc.org/projects/ibeat).
A Cell Permeable Peptide Inhibitor of NFAT Inhibits Macrophage Cytokine Expression and Ameliorates Experimental Colitis
Creators: name: Maharshak, Nitsan
name: Ryu, Hyungjin S.
name: Jobin, Christian
name: Kobayashi, Taku
name: Elloumi, Houda Z.
name: Rao, Kavitha N.
name: Plevy, Scott E.
name: Mühlbauer, Marcus
name: Li, Fengling
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) plays a critical role in the development and function of immune and non-immune cells. Although NFAT is a central transcriptional regulator of T cell cytokines, its role in macrophage specific gene expression is less defined. Previous work from our group demonstrated that NFAT regulates Il12b gene expression in macrophages. Here, we further investigate NFAT function in murine macrophages and determined the effects of a cell permeable NFAT inhibitor peptide 11R-VIVIT on experimental colitis in mice. Treatment of bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) with tacrolimus or 11R-VIVIT significantly inhibited LPS and LPS plus IFN-γ induced IL-12 p40 mRNA and protein expression. IL-12 p70 and IL-23 secretion were also decreased. NFAT nuclear translocation and binding to the IL-12 p40 promoter was reduced by NFAT inhibition. Experiments in BMDMs from IL-10 deficient (Il10−/−) mice demonstrate that inhibition of IL-12 expression by 11R-VIVIT was independent of IL-10 expression. To test its therapeutic potential, 11R-VIVIT was administered systemically to Il10−/− mice with piroxicam-induced colitis. 11R-VIVIT treated mice demonstrated significant improvement in colitis compared to mice treated with an inactive peptide. Moreover, decreased spontaneous secretion of IL-12 p40 and TNF in supernatants from colon explant cultures was demonstrated. In summary, NFAT, widely recognized for its role in T cell biology, also regulates important innate inflammatory pathways in macrophages. Selective blocking of NFAT via a cell permeable inhibitory peptide is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
A Comparative Study of the Arabidopsis thaliana Guard-Cell Transcriptome and Its Modulation by Sucrose
Creators: name: Yang, Jing
name: Sun, Jindong
name: Chattopadhyay, Maitreyi
name: Bates, George W.
name: Jones, Alan M.
name: Peffer, Emily
name: Ort, Donald R.
name: Rosenthal, David M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Microarray analysis was performed on RNA isolated from guard cells that were manually dissected from leaves of Arabidopsis. By pooling our data with those of two earlier studies on Arabidopsis guard cell protoplasts, we provide a robust view of the guard-cell transcriptome, which is rich in transcripts for transcription factors, signaling proteins, transporters, and carbohydrate-modifying enzymes. To test the hypothesis that photosynthesis-derived sugar signals guard cells to adjust stomatal opening, we determined the profile of genes expressed in guard cells from leaves that had been treated with sucrose. The results revealed that expression of 440 genes changed in guard cells in response to sucrose. Consistent with this hypothesis, these genes encoded cellular functions for photosynthesis and transport of sugars, water, amino acids, and ions. Plants of T-DNA insertion lines for 50 genes highly responsive to sucrose were examined for defects in guard cell function. Twelve genes not previously known to function in guard cells were shown to be important in leaf conductance, water-use efficiency, and/or stomate development. Of these, three are of particular interest, having shown effects in nearly every test of stomatal function without a change in stomatal density: TPS5 (At4g17770), a TRAF domain-containing protein (At1g65370), and a WD repeat–containing protein (At1g15440).
A Late Miocene Accipitrid (Aves: Accipitriformes) from Nebraska and Its Implications for the Divergence of Old World Vultures
Creators: name: Zhang, Zihui
name: Feduccia, Alan
name: James, Helen F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: BackgroundOld World vultures are likely polyphyletic, representing two subfamilies, the Aegypiinae and Gypaetinae, and some genera of the latter may be of independent origin. Evidence concerning the origin, as well as the timing of the divergence of each subfamily and even genera of the Gypaetinae has been elusive.Methodology/Principal FindingsCompared with the Old World, the New World has an unexpectedly diverse and rich fossil component of Old World vultures. Here we describe a new accipitriform bird, Anchigyps voorhiesi gen. et sp. nov., from the Ash Hollow Formation (Upper Clarendonian, Late Miocene) of Nebraska. It represents a form close in morphology to the Old World vultures. Characteristics of its wing bones suggest it was less specialized for soaring than modern vultures. It was likely an opportunistic predator or scavenger having a grasping foot and a mandible morphologically similar to modern carrion-feeding birds.Conclusions/SignificanceThe new fossil reported here is intermediate in morphology between the bulk of accipitrids and the Old World gypaetine vultures, representing a basal lineage of Accipitridae trending towards the vulturine habit, and of its Late Miocene age suggests the divergence of true gypaetine vultures, may have occurred during or slightly before the Miocene.
A Predictive Framework for Integrating Disparate Genomic Data Types Using Sample-Specific Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Multi-Task Learning
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Sayan
name: Xiong, Qing
name: Furey, Terrence S.
name: Bennett, Brian D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Understanding the root molecular and genetic causes driving complex traits is a fundamental challenge in genomics and genetics. Numerous studies have used variation in gene expression to understand complex traits, but the underlying genomic variation that contributes to these expression changes is not well understood. In this study, we developed a framework to integrate gene expression and genotype data to identify biological differences between samples from opposing complex trait classes that are driven by expression changes and genotypic variation. This framework utilizes pathway analysis and multi-task learning to build a predictive model and discover pathways relevant to the complex trait of interest. We simulated expression and genotype data to test the predictive ability of our framework and to measure how well it uncovered pathways with genes both differentially expressed and genetically associated with a complex trait. We found that the predictive performance of the multi-task model was comparable to other similar methods. Also, methods like multi-task learning that considered enrichment analysis scores from both data sets found pathways with both genetic and expression differences related to the phenotype. We used our framework to analyze differences between estrogen receptor (ER) positive and negative breast cancer samples. An analysis of the top 15 gene sets from the multi-task model showed they were all related to estrogen, steroids, cell signaling, or the cell cycle. Although our study suggests that multi-task learning does not enhance predictive accuracy, the models generated by our framework do provide valuable biological pathway knowledge for complex traits.
Reheating with Effective Potentials
Creators: name: Katuwal, S.
name: Miao, S. P.
name: Woodard, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider reheating for a charged inflaton which is minimally coupled to electromagnetism. The evolution of such an inflaton induces a time-dependent mass for the photon. We show how the massive photon propagator can be expressed as a spatial Fourier mode sum involving three different sorts of mode functions, just like the constant mass case. We develop accurate analytic approximations for these mode functions, and use them to approximate the effective force exerted on the inflaton $0$-mode. This effective force allows one to simply compute the evolution of the inflaton $0$-mode and to follow the progress of reheating.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures, uses LaTeX2e, Version 2 has 2 small typos corrected to reflect the published version
THE PECULIARITIES OF USING VISUAL MATERIALS FOR TEACHING ENGLISH
Creators: name: Anarkulova, Zubayda
name: Aminboyeva, Muxlisa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In this article we revealed the advantages of utilizing visual materials (e.g., pictures, flash cards, cartoons, and films) as an innovative method of easing difficulties which learners may undergo in the process of gaining language knowledge and inspire them to learn this target language with enthusiasm.
A Unified Anatomy Ontology of the Vertebrate Skeletal System
Creators: name: Hall, Brian K.
name: Segerdell, Erik
name: Lundberg, John G.
name: Balhoff, James P.
name: Vickaryous, Matthew K.
name: Dahdul, Wasila M.
name: Blackburn, David C.
name: Westerfield, Monte
name: Van Slyke, Ceri E.
name: Ringwald, Martin
name: Mungall, Christopher J.
name: Diehl, Alexander D.
name: Mabee, Paula M.
name: Lapp, Hilmar
name: Haendel, Melissa A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The skeleton is of fundamental importance in research in comparative vertebrate morphology, paleontology, biomechanics, developmental biology, and systematics. Motivated by research questions that require computational access to and comparative reasoning across the diverse skeletal phenotypes of vertebrates, we developed a module of anatomical concepts for the skeletal system, the Vertebrate Skeletal Anatomy Ontology (VSAO), to accommodate and unify the existing skeletal terminologies for the species-specific (mouse, the frog Xenopus, zebrafish) and multispecies (teleost, amphibian) vertebrate anatomy ontologies. Previous differences between these terminologies prevented even simple queries across databases pertaining to vertebrate morphology. This module of upper-level and specific skeletal terms currently includes 223 defined terms and 179 synonyms that integrate skeletal cells, tissues, biological processes, organs (skeletal elements such as bones and cartilages), and subdivisions of the skeletal system. The VSAO is designed to integrate with other ontologies, including the Common Anatomy Reference Ontology (CARO), Gene Ontology (GO), Uberon, and Cell Ontology (CL), and it is freely available to the community to be updated with additional terms required for research. Its structure accommodates anatomical variation among vertebrate species in development, structure, and composition. Annotation of diverse vertebrate phenotypes with this ontology will enable novel inquiries across the full spectrum of phenotypic diversity.
The effect of the buffer layer coupling on the lattice parameter of epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001)
Creators: name: Schumann, Timo
name: Dubslaff, Martin
name: Oliveira, Myriano H.
name: Hanke, Michael
name: Lopes, J. Marcelo J.
name: Riechert, Henning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GID) was employed to probe the structure of atomically thin carbon layers on SiC(0001): a so-called buffer layer (BL) with a $6(\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3})$R30$^\circ$ periodicity, a monolayer graphene (MLG) on top of the BL, and a bilayer graphene (BLG). The GID analysis was complemented by Raman spectroscopy. The lattice parameter of each layer was measured with high precision by GID. The BL possesses a different lattice parameter and corrugation when it is uncovered or beneath MLG. Our results demonstrate that the interfacial BL is the main responsible for the strain in MLG. By promoting its decoupling from the substrate via intercalation, it turns into graphene, leading to a simultaneous relaxation of the MLG and formation of a quasi-free-standing BLG.
description: Accepted at Phys. Rev. B Rapid Communications. Supplementary material included
Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: November Kaiser Health Tracking Poll--2010 Affordable Care Act/Cost of Health Insurance
Creators: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Congressional voter participation (1); congressional party preference (1); most important congressional election issues (5); opinion of Affordable Care Act (1); Congress debates over ACA (1); repealing or expanding ACA (1); impact of ACA on family (3); future generation of quality of life (2); feeling financially secure (1); contacted about ACA (1); ACA related advertisements (2); open enrollment periods (1); importance of having health insurance (1); yearly physical exams (2); news stories followed closely (8); importance of Medicare (1); how well Medicare functions (1); Medicare financial status (1); comparing Medicare and private plans (3); changing Medicare system (1); uninsured (3); obtaining insurance (4); employment situation as stressful (1).
Adolescent Expectations of Early Death Predict Adult Risk Behaviors
Creators: name: Poole, Charles
name: Halpern, Carolyn T.
name: Hussey, Jon M.
name: Nguyen, Quynh C.
name: Villaveces, Andres
name: Marshall, Stephen W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Only a handful of public health studies have investigated expectations of early death among adolescents. Associations have been found between these expectations and risk behaviors in adolescence. However, these beliefs may not only predict worse adolescent outcomes, but worse trajectories in health with ties to negative outcomes that endure into young adulthood. The objectives of this study were to investigate perceived chances of living to age 35 (Perceived Survival Expectations, PSE) as a predictor of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and substance use in young adulthood. We examined the predictive capacity of PSE on future suicidal ideation/attempt after accounting for sociodemographics, depressive symptoms, and history of suicide among family and friends to more fully assess its unique contribution to suicide risk. We investigated the influence of PSE on legal and illegal substance use and varying levels of substance use. We utilized the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) initiated in 1994–95 among 20,745 adolescents in grades 7–12 with follow-up interviews in 1996 (Wave II), 2001–02 (Wave III) and 2008 (Wave IV; ages 24–32). Compared to those who were almost certain of living to age 35, perceiving a 50–50 or less chance of living to age 35 at Waves I or III predicted suicide attempt and ideation as well as regular substance use (i.e., exceeding daily limits for moderate drinking; smoking ≥ a pack/day; and using illicit substances other than marijuana at least weekly) at Wave IV. Associations between PSE and detrimental adult outcomes were particularly strong for those reporting persistently low PSE at both Waves I and III. Low PSE at Wave I or Wave III was also related to a doubling and tripling, respectively, of death rates in young adulthood. Long-term and wide-ranging ties between PSE and detrimental outcomes suggest these expectations may contribute to identifying at-risk youth.
Adjoint Optimisation for Wind Farm Flow Control with a Free-Vortex Wake Model
Creators: name: Broek, Maarten J. van den
name: De Tavernier, Delphine
name: Sanderse, Benjamin
name: van Wingerden, Jan-Willem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wind farm flow control aims to improve wind turbine performance by reducing aerodynamic wake interaction between turbines. Dynamic, physics-based models of wind farm flows have been essential for exploring control strategies such as wake redirection and dynamic induction control. Free vortex methods can provide a computationally efficient way to model wind turbine wake dynamics for control optimisation. We present a control-oriented free-vortex wake model of a 2D and 3D actuator disc to represent wind turbine wakes. The novel derivation of the discrete adjoint equations allows efficient gradient evaluation for gradient-based optimisation in an economic model-predictive control algorithm. Initial results are presented for mean power maximisation in a two-turbine case study. An induction control signal is found using the 2D model that is roughly periodic and supports previous results on dynamic induction control to stimulate wake mixing. The 3D model formulation effectively models a curled wake under yaw misalignment. Under time-varying wind direction, the optimisation finds solutions demonstrating both wake steering and a smooth transition to greedy control. The free-vortex wake model with gradient information shows potential for efficient optimisation and provides a promising way to further explore dynamic wind farm flow control.
description: 32 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Renewable Energy, minor revisions after reviewer comments
Ferromagnetism in UGe2 : A microscopic model
Creators: name: Wysokiński, Marcin M.
name: Abram, Marcin
name: Spałek, Jozef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anderson lattice model is used to rationalize the principal features of the heavy fermion compound UGe2 by means of the generalized Gutzwiller approach (the SGA method). This microscopic approach successfully reproduces magnetic and electronic properties of this material, in a qualitative agreement with experimental findings from the magnetization measurements, the neutron scattering, and the de Haas-van Alphen oscillations. Most importantly, it explains the appearance, sequence, character, and evolution in an applied magnetic field of the observed in UGe2 ferro- and, para-magnetic phases as an effect of a competition between the f-f electrons Coulomb interaction energy and f-conduction electrons kinetic energy (hybridization)
description: submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Polyhedral results and stronger Lagrangean bounds for stable spanning trees
Creators: name: Samer, Phillippe
name: Haugland, Dag
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.2.2
subject: 90C27, 90C57 (Primary) 90C10, 52B05, 52B12 (Secondary)

description: Given a graph $G=(V,E)$ and a set $C$ of unordered pairs of edges regarded as being in conflict, a stable spanning tree in $G$ is a set of edges $T$ inducing a spanning tree in $G$, such that for each $\left\lbrace e_i, e_j \right\rbrace \in C$, at most one of the edges $e_i$ and $e_j$ is in $T$. The existing work on Lagrangean algorithms to the NP-hard problem of finding minimum weight stable spanning trees is limited to relaxations with the integrality property. We exploit a new relaxation of this problem: fixed cardinality stable sets in the underlying conflict graph $H =(E,C)$. We find interesting properties of the corresponding polytope, and determine stronger dual bounds in a Lagrangean decomposition framework, optimizing over the spanning tree polytope of $G$ and the fixed cardinality stable set polytope of $H$ in the subproblems. This is equivalent to dualizing exponentially many subtour elimination constraints, while limiting the number of multipliers in the dual problem to $|E|$. It is also a proof of concept for combining Lagrangean relaxation with the power of MILP solvers over strongly NP-hard subproblems. We present encouraging computational results using a dual method that comprises the Volume Algorithm, initialized with multipliers determined by Lagrangean dual-ascent. In particular, the bound is within 5.5% of the optimum in 146 out of 200 benchmark instances; it actually matches the optimum in 75 cases. All of the implementation is made available in a free, open-source repository.
description: 24 pages
Robots Still Outnumber Humans in Web Archives, But Less Than Before
Creators: name: Jayanetti, Himarsha R.
name: Garg, Kritika
name: Alam, Sawood
name: Nelson, Michael L.
name: Weigle, Michele C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To identify robots and humans and analyze their respective access patterns, we used the Internet Archive's (IA) Wayback Machine access logs from 2012 and 2019, as well as Arquivo.pt's (Portuguese Web Archive) access logs from 2019. We identified user sessions in the access logs and classified those sessions as human or robot based on their browsing behavior. To better understand how users navigate through the web archives, we evaluated these sessions to discover user access patterns. Based on the two archives and between the two years of IA access logs (2012 vs. 2019), we present a comparison of detected robots vs. humans and their user access patterns and temporal preferences. The total number of robots detected in IA 2012 is greater than in IA 2019 (21% more in requests and 18% more in sessions). Robots account for 98% of requests (97% of sessions) in Arquivo.pt (2019). We found that the robots are almost entirely limited to "Dip" and "Skim" access patterns in IA 2012, but exhibit all the patterns and their combinations in IA 2019. Both humans and robots show a preference for web pages archived in the near past.
Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: December Kaiser Health Tracking Poll--2010 Affordable Care Act/Health Insurance Reform
Creators: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Opinion of Affordable Care Act (1); Congress action on ACA (1); main feature of ACA (2); effects of ACA on various groups (8); contacted about ACA (1); ACA provisions (7); insurance marketplace choices (1); problems with insurance website (1); number of enrollees (1); insurance sign-up deadline (1); fine for being uninsured (2); opinion of ACA provisions (5); changing mind about unfavorable mandates (6); changing mind about favorable mandates (3); news story followed the closest (2); recent news stories followed closely (10); Republican lawsuit against Barack Obama ACA implementation (1); state-run insurance marketplaces (1); Supreme Court state-run marketplaces case (1); source of insurance plan (2); plans to get insurance (1); paying uninsured fine (1); foreign aid spending (3); improving health in developing countries (14); impact of spending on foreign health (4); Ebola outbreak (1).
Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: January Kaiser Health Tracking Poll--Sources of Information about the 2010 Affordable Care Act
Creators: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Opinion of Affordable Care Act (1); source of ACA impression (1); Congress reaction to ACA (1); Republican alternative to ACA (1); hearing about ACA debate (1); Congress changes to ACA (1); reason for opposing ACA (1); information about ACA (5); contacted about ACA (1); impact of ACA on family (1); knowledge of ACA provisions (4); health plan choices (1); tax on medical devices (1); employer insurance requirements (3); health insurance marketplaces (3); Supreme Court marketplace case (2); state level marketplace (1); news stories followed closely (9); personal insurance plan (2); uninsured (2).
Structure and transport properties of poly(ethylene oxide) based cross-linked polymer electrolytes -- A Molecular Dynamics Simulations study
Creators: name: Fischer, Mirko
name: Heuer, Andreas
name: Diddens, Diddo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) based densely cross-linked polymers, focussing on structural properties as well as the systems dynamics in the presence of lithium salt. Motivated by experimental findings for networks with short PEO strands we employ a combination of LiTFSI (Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide) and LiDFOB (Lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate). Recently, it has been shown that such multi-salt systems outperform classical single salt systems (Shaji et al., Energy Storage Materials, 2022, 44, 263). To analyse the microscopic scenario we employ an analytical model, originally developed for non-cross-linked polymer electrolytes or blends (Maitra et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 2007, 98, 227802 and Diddens et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 2017, 164, E3225-E3231). Excluding very short PEO strands, the local dynamics is only slightly restricted compared to linear PEO and is not significantly dependent on the network structure. The transfer of lithium ions between PEO chains and the motion along the polymer backbone may be controlled through the employed salt.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures Supplementary Information: 20 pages, 18 figures
A Dataset and Baseline Approach for Identifying Usage States from Non-Intrusive Power Sensing With MiDAS IoT-based Sensors
Creators: name: Muppasani, Bharath
name: Anand, Cheyyur Jaya
name: Appajigowda, Chinmayi
name: Srivastava, Biplav
name: Johri, Lokesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The state identification problem seeks to identify power usage patterns of any system, like buildings or factories, of interest. In this challenge paper, we make power usage dataset available from 8 institutions in manufacturing, education and medical institutions from the US and India, and an initial un-supervised machine learning based solution as a baseline for the community to accelerate research in this area.
description: 6 pages, power data, state identification, Accepted to appear - Nov 2022
Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: March Kaiser Health Tracking Poll--2010 Affordable Care Act/Sexual Assault Prevention of College Campuses/Health Insurance
Creators: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Opinion of Affordable Care Act (3); Congress action on ACA (1); having enough knowledge about ACA (1); impact of ACA on family (3); knowledge of ACA provisions (4); families owing government money (1); health insurance requirement (1); filing 2014 taxes (3); paying fine for being uninsured (2); financial assistance for insurance Supreme Court case (13); news stories followed closely (10); measles outbreak (2); sexual assaults on college campuses (13); personal insurance coverage (8); satisfaction with insurance plan (7); problems with insurance plan (6).
Affective Responses by Adults with Autism Are Reduced to Social Images but Elevated to Images Related to Circumscribed Interests
Creators: name: Dichter, Gabriel S.
name: Sasson, Noah J.
name: Bodfish, James W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) demonstrate increased visual attention and elevated brain reward circuitry responses to images related to circumscribed interests (CI), suggesting that a heightened affective response to CI may underlie their disproportionate salience and reward value in ASD. To determine if individuals with ASD differ from typically developing (TD) adults in their subjective emotional experience of CI object images, non-CI object images and social images, 213 TD adults and 56 adults with ASD provided arousal ratings (sensation of being energized varying along a dimension from calm to excited) and valence ratings (emotionality varying along dimension of approach to withdrawal) for a series of 114 images derived from previous research on CI. The groups did not differ on arousal ratings for any image type, but ASD adults provided higher valence ratings than TD adults for CI-related images, and lower valence ratings for social images. Even after co-varying the effects of sex, the ASD group, but not the TD group, gave higher valence ratings to CI images than social images. These findings provide additional evidence that ASD is characterized by a preference for certain categories of non-social objects and a reduced preference for social stimuli, and support the dissemination of this image set for examining aspects of the circumscribed interest phenotype in ASD.
Attractiveness, Image, and Competitiveness in Cagayan Valley Region.pdf
Creators: name: Razalan, Allen
name: Razalan, Allen Mark
name: Borbon, Noelah Mae
name: Apritado, Jennie Margaret
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 350804
subject: Tourism marketing
classificationCode: 350803
subject: Tourism management

description: The current paper investigates the destination attractiveness, image, and competitiveness of Cagayan Valley tourism and proposes a destination management framework.
Experimental Proof of Adjustable Single-Knob Ion Beam Emittance Partitioning
Creators: name: Groening, L.
name: Maier, M.
name: Xiao, C.
name: Dahl, L.
name: Gerhard, P.
name: Kester, O. K.
name: Mickat, S.
name: Vormann, H.
name: Vossberg, M.
name: Chung, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The performance of accelerators profits from phase space tailoring by coupling of planes. The previously applied techniques swap the emittances among the three planes but the set of available emittances is fixed. In contrast to these emittance exchange scenarios the emittance transfer scenario presented here allows for arbitrarily changing the set of emittances as long as the product of the emittances is preserved. This letter is on the first experimental demonstration of transverse emittance transfer along an ion beam line. The amount of transfer is chosen by setting just one single magnetic field value. The envelope-functions (beta) and -slopes (alpha) of the finally uncorrelated and re-partitioned beam at the exit of the transfer line do not depend on the amount of transfer.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
What is the most general class of quasiprobabilities of work?
Creators: name: Francica, Gianluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: How to give a statistical description of thermodynamics in quantum systems is an open fundamental question. Concerning the work, the presence of initial quantum coherence in the energy basis can give rise to a quasiprobability of work, which can take negative values. Our aim is to identify the most general quasiprobability of work satisfying some fundamental conditions. By doing so, we introduce a general notion of quasiprobability in analogy to the Gleason's theorem. Then, we use these quasiprobabilities to define the quasiprobability of work, and finally we discuss the contextuality of the protocol.
description: 5 pages. Comments welcome
An Experimental Field Study of Delayed Density Dependence in Natural Populations of Aedes albopictus
Creators: name: Apperson, Charles S.
name: Bradley, Caitlin
name: Gould, Fred
name: Walsh, Rachael K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Aedes albopictus, a species known to transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses, is primarily a container-inhabiting mosquito. The potential for pathogen transmission by Ae. albopictus has increased our need to understand its ecology and population dynamics. Two parameters that we know little about are the impact of direct density-dependence and delayed density-dependence in the larval stage. The present study uses a manipulative experimental design, under field conditions, to understand the impact of delayed density dependence in a natural population of Ae. albopictus in Raleigh, North Carolina. Twenty liter buckets, divided in half prior to experimentation, placed in the field accumulated rainwater and detritus, providing oviposition and larval production sites for natural populations of Ae. albopictus. Two treatments, a larvae present and larvae absent treatment, were produced in each bucket. After five weeks all larvae were removed from both treatments and the buckets were covered with fine mesh cloth. Equal numbers of first instars were added to both treatments in every bucket. Pupae were collected daily and adults were frozen as they emerged. We found a significant impact of delayed density-dependence on larval survival, development time and adult body size in containers with high larval densities. Our results indicate that delayed density-dependence will have negative impacts on the mosquito population when larval densities are high enough to deplete accessible nutrients faster than the rate of natural food accumulation.