cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 2 of Estimating interactions in individual participant data meta-analysis: a comparison of methods in practice
Creators: name: Walker, Ruth
name: Stewart, Lesley
name: Simmonds, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Material Table 1. Number of women with and without an event (aggregate counts across all trials) for each outcome and covariate of interest, by treatment allocation. Supplementary Material Table 2. Treatment-covariate interaction coefficients estimated by six methods meta-analysis for the outcome pre-eclampsia and nine covariates. Supplementary Material Table 3. Treatment-covariate interaction coefficients estimated by six methods meta-analysis for the outcome fetal or neonatal death and nine covariates. Supplementary Material Table 4. Treatment-covariate interaction coefficients estimated by six methods meta-analysis for the outcome pregnancy with a serious adverse outcome and nine covariates. Supplementary Material Table 5. Treatment-covariate interaction coefficients estimated by six methods meta-analysis for the outcome preterm birth <34 weeks and nine covariates. Supplementary Material Table 6. Treatment-covariate interaction coefficients estimated by six methods meta-analysis for the outcome small for gestational age infant and nine covariates.
Latent Deformation Models for Multivariate Functional Data and Time Warping Separability
Creators: name: Carroll, Cody
name: Müller, Hans-Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multivariate functional data present theoretical and practical complications which are not found in univariate functional data. One of these is a situation where the component functions of multivariate functional data are positive and are subject to mutual time warping. That is, the component processes exhibit a common shape but are subject to systematic phase variation across their domains in addition to subject-specific time warping, where each subject has its own internal clock. This motivates a novel model for multivariate functional data that connects such mutual time warping to a latent deformation-based framework by exploiting a novel time warping separability assumption. This separability assumption allows for meaningful interpretation and dimension reduction. The resulting Latent Deformation Model is shown to be well suited to represent commonly encountered functional vector data. The proposed approach combines a random amplitude factor for each component with population based registration across the components of a multivariate functional data vector and includes a latent population function, which corresponds to a common underlying trajectory. We propose estimators for all components of the model, enabling implementation of the proposed data-based representation for multivariate functional data and downstream analyses such as Fréchet regression. Rates of convergence are established when curves are fully observed or observed with measurement error. The usefulness of the model, interpretations, and practical aspects are illustrated in simulations and with application to multivariate human growth curves and multivariate environmental pollution data.
description: 29 pages, 6 figures
Principal reconstructed modes of dark energy and gravity
Creators: name: Raveri, Marco
name: Pogosian, Levon
name: Martinelli, Matteo
name: Koyama, Kazuya
name: Silvestri, Alessandra
name: Zhao, Gong-Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, in [1], we presented the first combined non-parametric reconstruction of the three time-dependent functions that capture departures from the standard cosmological model, $Λ$CDM, in the expansion history and gravitational effects on matter and light from the currently available combination of the background and large scale structure data. The reconstruction was performed with and without a theory-informed prior, built on the general Horndeski class of scalar-tensor theories, that correlates the three functions. In this work, we perform a decomposition of the prior and posterior covariances of the three functions to determine the structure of the modes that are constrained by the data relative to the Horndeski prior. We find that the combination of all data can constrain 15 combined eigenmodes of the three functions with respect to the prior. We examine and interpret their features in view of the well-known tensions between datasets within the $Λ$CDM model. We also assess the bias introduced by the simplistic parameterizations commonly used in the literature for constraining deviations from GR on cosmological scales.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures
On Hochschild cohomology of a self-injective special biserial algebra obtained by a circular quiver with double arrows
Creators: name: Itaba, Ayako
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We calculate the dimensions of the Hochschild cohomology groups of a self-injective special biserial algebra $Λ_{s}$ obtained by a circular quiver with double arrows. Moreover, we give a presentation of the Hochschild cohomology ring modulo nilpotence of $Λ_{s}$ by generators and relations. This result shows that the Hochschild cohomology ring modulo nilpotence of $Λ_{s}$ is finitely generated as an algebra.
Single-shot readout and relaxation of singlet/triplet states in exchange-coupled $^{31}$P electron spins in silicon
Creators: name: Dehollain, Juan P.
name: Muhonen, Juha T.
name: Tan, Kuan Y.
name: Saraiva, André
name: Jamieson, David N.
name: Dzurak, Andrew S.
name: Morello, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the experimental observation of a large exchange coupling $J \approx 300$ $μ$eV between two $^{31}$P electron spin qubits in silicon. The singlet and triplet states of the coupled spins are monitored in real time by a Single-Electron Transistor, which detects ionization from tunnel-rate-dependent processes in the coupled spin system, yielding single-shot readout fidelities above 95%. The triplet to singlet relaxation time $T_1 \approx 4$ ms at zero magnetic field agrees with the theoretical prediction for $J$-coupled $^{31}$P dimers in silicon. The time evolution of the 2-electron state populations gives further insight into the valley-orbit eigenstates of the donor dimer, valley selection rules and relaxation rates, and the role of hyperfine interactions. These results pave the way to the realization of 2-qubit quantum logic gates with spins in silicon, and highlight the necessity to adopt gating schemes compatible with weak $J$-coupling strengths.
description: Main: 5 pages, 4 figures. Supp.Mat: 1 page, 1 figure. Final version with journal reference
Damping of Confined Modes in a Ferromagnetic Thin Insulating Film: Angular Momentum Transfer Across a Nanoscale Field-defined Interface
Creators: name: Adur, Rohan
name: Du, Chunhui
name: Wang, Hailong
name: Manuilov, Sergei A.
name: Bhallamudi, Vidya P.
name: Zhang, Chi
name: Pelekhov, Denis V.
name: Yang, Fengyuan
name: Hammel, P. Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observe a dependence of the damping of a confined mode of precessing ferromagnetic magnetization on the size of the mode. The micron-scale mode is created within an extended, unpatterned YIG film by means of the intense local dipolar field of a micromagnetic tip. We find that damping of the confined mode scales like the surface-to-volume ratio of the mode, indicating an interfacial damping effect (similar to spin pumping) due to the transfer of angular momentum from the confined mode to the spin sink of ferromagnetic material in the surrounding film. Though unexpected for insulating systems, the measured intralayer spin-mixing conductance $g_{\uparrow \downarrow} = 5.3 \times 10^{19} {\rm m}^{-2}$ demonstrates efficient intralayer angular momentum transfer.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
X-ray monitoring of classical novae in the central region of M31. III. Autumn and winter 2009/10, 2010/11 and 2011/12
Creators: name: Henze, M.
name: Pietsch, W.
name: Haberl, F.
name: Della Valle, M.
name: Sala, G.
name: Hatzidimitriou, D.
name: Hofmann, F.
name: Hernanz, M.
name: Hartmann, D. H.
name: Greiner, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] Classical novae (CNe) represent the major class of supersoft X-ray sources (SSSs) in the central region of our neighbouring galaxy M31. We performed a dedicated monitoring of the M31 central region, aimed to detect SSS counterparts of CNe, with XMM-Newton and Chandra between Nov and Mar of the years 2009/10, 2010/11 and 2011/12. In total we detected 24 novae in X-rays. Seven of these sources were known from previous observations, including the M31 nova with the longest SSS phase, M31N~1996-08b, which was found to fade below our X-ray detection limit 13.8 yr after outburst. Of the new discoveries several novae exhibit significant variability in their short-term X-ray light curves with one object showing a suspected period of about 1.3 h. We studied the SSS state of the most recent outburst of a recurrent nova which had previously shown the shortest time ever observed between two outbursts (about 5 yr). The total number of M31 novae with X-ray counterpart was increased to 79 and we subjected this extended catalogue to detailed statistical studies. Four previously indicated correlations between optical and X-ray parameters could be confirmed and improved. We found indications that the multi-dimensional parameter space of nova properties might be dominated by a single physical parameter. We discuss evidence for a different X-ray behaviour of novae in the M31 bulge and disk. Exploration of the multi-wavelength parameter space of optical and X-ray measurements is shown to be a powerful tool for examining properties of extragalactic nova populations. While there are hints that the different stellar populations of M31 (bulge vs disk) produce dissimilar nova outbursts, there is also growing evidence that the overall behaviour of an average nova might be understood in surprisingly simple terms.
description: 39 pages (half of them for 9 tables), 14 figures, accepted for publication in A&A; updated after language editing stage
FAIRnets search - A prototype search service to find neural networks
Creators: name: Nguyen, Anna
name: Weller, Tobias
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2019
Subjects: Neural network
ontology
reusability
FAIR

description: Research on neural networks has gained significant momen- tum over the past few years. A vast number of neural networks is current- ly being developed and trained on available data in research as well as in industry. As the number of neural network architectures increases, we want to support people in the field of machine learning by making existing architectures easier to find and reuse. In this Demo, we support the findability and reusability of Neural Net- works by using the FAIRnets Search. Attendees will learn how to use the FAIRnets Search web service to search the FAIRnets dataset. The FAIRnets dataset is an RDF dataset containing information about alrea- dy modeled neural networks. By applying RDF and OWL, our system can be queried using SPARQL queries indicating the desired character- istics of the neural network. As a result, all neural networks fulfilling the search query are returned to the user. The returned search results support users to gain insights into existing neural networks. Furthermore, we give the possibility to get more detailed information about the archi- tecture of the networks, as well as further links. The demo is available at http://km.aifb.kit.edu/services/fairnets/.
Additional file 1 of Coping with dysmenorrhea: a qualitative analysis of period pain management among students who menstruate
Creators: name: Ní Chéileachair, Fódhla
name: McGuire, Brian E.
name: Durand, Hannah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. COREQ checklist.
A coarse geometric expansion of a variant of Arthur's truncated traces and some applications
Creators: name: Yu, Hongjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let F be a global function field with constant field $\mathbb{F}_q$. Let G be a reductive group over $\mathbb{F}_q$. We establish a variant of Arthur's truncated kernel for G and for its Lie algebra which generalizes Arthur's original construction. We establish a coarse geometric expansion for our variant truncation. As applications, we consider some existence and uniqueness problems of some cuspidal automorphic representations for the functions field of the projective line $\mathbb{P}^1_{\mathbb{F}_q}$ with two points of ramifications.
description: 38 pages, minor revision
Additional file 2 of Coping with dysmenorrhea: a qualitative analysis of period pain management among students who menstruate
Creators: name: Ní Chéileachair, Fódhla
name: McGuire, Brian E.
name: Durand, Hannah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Interview topic guide.
Lattice cohomology and $q$-series invariants of $3$-manifolds
Creators: name: Akhmechet, Rostislav
name: Johnson, Peter K.
name: Krushkal, Vyacheslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An invariant is introduced for negative definite plumbed $3$-manifolds equipped with a spin$^c$-structure. It unifies and extends two theories with rather different origins and structures. One theory is lattice cohomology, motivated by the study of normal surface singularities, known to be isomorphic to the Heegaard Floer homology for certain classes of plumbed 3-manifolds. Another specialization gives BPS $q$-series which satisfy some remarkable modularity properties and recover ${\rm SU}(2)$ quantum invariants of $3$-manifolds at roots of unity. In particular, our work gives rise to a $2$-variable refinement of the $\widehat Z$-invariant.
description: 30 pages. Version 2 contains an improved exposition and a normalization of the power of $t$
Synchronizing weighted automata
Creators: name: Iván, Szabolcs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce two generalizations of synchronizability to automata with transitions weighted in an arbitrary semiring K=(K,+,*,0,1). (or equivalently, to finite sets of matrices in K^nxn.) Let us call a matrix A location-synchronizing if there exists a column in A consisting of nonzero entries such that all the other columns of A are filled by zeros. If additionally all the entries of this designated column are the same, we call A synchronizing. Note that these notions coincide for stochastic matrices and also in the Boolean semiring. A set M of matrices in K^nxn is called (location-)synchronizing if M generates a matrix subsemigroup containing a (location-)synchronizing matrix. The K-(location-)synchronizability problem is the following: given a finite set M of nxn matrices with entries in K, is it (location-)synchronizing? Both problems are PSPACE-hard for any nontrivial semiring. We give sufficient conditions for the semiring K when the problems are PSPACE-complete and show several undecidability results as well, e.g. synchronizability is undecidable if 1 has infinite order in (K,+,0) or when the free semigroup on two generators can be embedded into (K,*,1).
description: In Proceedings AFL 2014, arXiv:1405.5272
title: Potential Theory on Gromov Hyperbolic Spaces
Creators: name: Kemper, Matthias
name: Lohkamp, Joachim
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematics
subject: 515 Analysis
subject: 516 Geometry

description: Gromov hyperbolic spaces have become an essential concept in geometry, topology and group theory. Herewe extend Ancona's potential theory on Gromov hyperbolic manifolds and graphs of bounded geometry to a large class of Schrödinger operators on Gromov hyperbolic metric measure spaces, unifying these settings in a common framework ready for applications to singular spaces such as RCD spaces or minimal hypersurfaces. Results include boundary Harnack inequalities and a complete classification of positive harmonic functions in terms of the Martin boundary which is identified with the geometric Gromov boundary.
description: Finanziert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der Universität Münster.
Reheating constraints to inflationary models
Creators: name: Dai, Liang
name: Kamionkowski, Marc
name: Wang, Junpu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evidence from the BICEP2 experiment for a significant gravitational-wave background has focussed attention on inflaton potentials $V(ϕ) \propto ϕ^α$ with $α=2$ ("chaotic" or "$m^2ϕ^2$" inflation) or with smaller values of $α$, as may arise in axion-monodromy models. Here we show that reheating considerations may provide additional constraints to these models. The reheating phase preceding the radiation era is modeled by an effective equation-of-state parameter $w_{\rm re}$. The canonical reheating scenario is then described by $w_{\rm re}=0$. The simplest $α=2$ models are consistent with $w_{\rm re} = 0$ for values of $n_s$ well within the current $1σ$ range. Models with $α=1$ or $α=2/3$ require a more exotic reheating phase, with $-1/31/3$, unless $n_s$ is close to the lower limit of the $2σ$ range. For $m^2ϕ^2$ inflation and canonical reheating as a benchmark, we derive a relation $\log_{10}\left(T_{\rm re}/10^6\,{\rm GeV} \right) \simeq 2000\,(n_s-0.96)$ between the reheat temperature $T_{\rm re}$ and the scalar spectral index $n_s$. Thus, if $n_s$ is close to its central value, then $T_{\rm re}\lesssim 10^6$~GeV, just above the electroweak scale. If the reheat temperature is higher, as many theorists may prefer, then the scalar spectral index should be closer to $n_s\simeq0.965$ (at the pivot scale $k=0.05\,{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$), near the upper limit of the $1σ$ error range. Improved precision in the measurement of $n_s$ should allow $m^2ϕ^2$, axion-monodromy, and $ϕ^4$ models to be distinguished, even without precise measurement of $r$, and to test the $m^2ϕ^2$ expectation of $n_s\simeq0.965$.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures. Revised version clarifies the dependence of the result on the pivot scale
Weakly Supervised Concept Map Generation through Task-Guided Graph Translation
Creators: name: Lu, Jiaying
name: Dong, Xiangjue
name: Yang, Carl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of concept map generation techniques due to their advantages in providing well-structured summarization of knowledge from free texts. Traditional unsupervised methods do not generate task-oriented concept maps, whereas deep generative models require large amounts of training data. In this work, we present GT-D2G (Graph Translation-based Document To Graph), an automatic concept map generation framework that leverages generalized NLP pipelines to derive semantic-rich initial graphs, and translates them into more concise structures under the weak supervision of downstream task labels. The concept maps generated by GT-D2G can provide interpretable summarization of structured knowledge for the input texts, which are demonstrated through human evaluation and case studies on three real-world corpora. Further experiments on the downstream task of document classification show that GT-D2G beats other concept map generation methods. Moreover, we specifically validate the labeling efficiency of GT-D2G in the label-efficient learning setting and the flexibility of generated graph sizes in controlled hyper-parameter studies.
description: Accepted by IEEE TKDE. All code and data available at https://github.com/lujiaying/GT-doc2graph
Compton Scattering from \nuc{6}{Li} at 86 MeV
Creators: name: Myers, L. S.
name: Ahmed, M. W.
name: Feldman, G.
name: Kafkarkou, A.
name: Kendellen, D. P.
name: Mazumdar, I.
name: Mueller, J. M.
name: Sikora, M. H.
name: Weller, H. R.
name: Zimmerman, W. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cross sections for \nuc{6}{Li}($γ$,$γ$)\nuc{6}{Li} have been measured at the High Intensity Gamma-Ray Source (\HIGS) and the sensitivity of these cross sections to the nucleon isoscalar polarizabilities was studied. Data were collected using a quasi-monoenergetic 86 MeV photon beam at photon scattering angles of 40$^{\circ}$--160$^{\circ}$. These results are an extension of a previous measurement at a lower energy. The earlier work indicated that the \nuc{6}{Li}($γ$,$γ$)\nuc{6}{Li} reaction at 60 MeV provides a means of extracting the nucleon polarizabilities; this work demonstrates that the sensitivity of the cross section to the polarizabilities is increased at 86 MeV. A full theoretical treatment is needed to verify this conclusion and produce values of the polarizabilities.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, resubmission to Phys. Rev. C
Additional file 1 of Film-trigger applicator (FTA) for improved skin penetration of microneedle using punching force of carboxymethyl cellulose film acting as a microneedle applicator
Creators: name: Kim, Youseong
name: Min, Hye Su
name: Shin, Jiwoo
name: Nam, Jeehye
name: Kang, Geonwoo
name: Sim, Jeeho
name: Yang, Huisuk
name: Jung, Hyungil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plasma Physics

description: Additional file 1. A zoomed image of single micropillar and DMN. DMN bottom diameter is larger than micropillar’s diameter (350 µm). The micropillar, punctured film, and CMN are indicated by arrowheads (Scale bar, 500 µm).
Understanding the Use of e-Prints on Reddit and 4chan's Politically Incorrect Board
Creators: name: Yudhoatmojo, Satrio Baskoro
name: De Cristofaro, Emiliano
name: Blackburn, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The dissemination and reach of scientific knowledge have increased at a blistering pace. In this context, e-Print servers have played a central role by providing scientists with a rapid and open mechanism for disseminating research without waiting for the (lengthy) peer review process. While helping the scientific community in several ways, e-Print servers also provide scientific communicators and the general public with access to a wealth of knowledge without paying hefty subscription fees. This motivates us to study how e-Prints are positioned within Web community discussions. In this paper, we analyze data from two Web communities: 14 years of Reddit data and over 4 from 4chan's Politically Incorrect board. Our findings highlight the presence of e-Prints in both science-enthusiast and general-audience communities. Real-world events and distinct factors influence the e-Prints people's discussions; e.g., there was a surge of COVID-19-related research publications during the early months of the outbreak and increased references to e-Prints in online discussions. Text in e-Prints and in online discussions referencing them has a low similarity, suggesting that the latter are not exclusively talking about the findings in the former. Further, our analysis of a sample of threads highlights: 1) misinterpretation and generalization of research findings, 2) early research findings being amplified as a source for future predictions, and 3) questioning findings from a pseudoscientific e-Print. Overall, our work emphasizes the need to quickly and effectively validate non-peer-reviewed e-Prints that get substantial press/social media coverage to help mitigate wrongful interpretations of scientific outputs.
A standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant using gravitational wave events from the first three LIGO/Virgo observing runs and the DESI Legacy Survey
Creators: name: Palmese, Antonella
name: Bom, Clecio R.
name: Mucesh, Sunil
name: Hartley, William G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new constraint on the Hubble constant $H_0$ using a sample of well-localized gravitational wave (GW) events detected during the first three LIGO/Virgo observing runs as dark standard sirens. In the case of dark standard sirens, a unique host galaxy is not identified, and the redshift information comes from the distribution of potential host galaxies. From the third LIGO/Virgo observing run detections, we add the asymmetric-mass binary black hole GW190412, the high-confidence GW candidates S191204r, S200129m, and S200311bg to the sample of dark standard sirens analyzed. Our sample contains the top $20\%$ (based on localization) GW events and candidates to date with significant coverage by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Legacy Survey. We combine the $H_0$ posterior for eight dark siren events, finding $H_0 = 79.8^{+19.1}_{-12.8}~{\rm km~s^{-1}~Mpc^{-1}}$ ($68\%$ Highest Density Interval) for a prior in $H_0$ uniform between $[20,140]~{\rm km~s^{-1}~Mpc^{-1}}$. This result shows that a combination of 8 well-localized dark sirens combined with an appropriate galaxy catalog is able to provide an $H_0$ constraint that is competitive ($\sim 20\%$ versus $18\%$ precision) with a single bright standard siren analysis (i.e. assuming the electromagnetic counterpart) using GW170817. When combining the posterior with that from GW170817, we obtain $H_0 = 72.77^{+11.0}_{-7.55}~{\rm km~s^{-1}~Mpc^{-1}}$. This result is broadly consistent with recent $H_0$ estimates from both the Cosmic Microwave Background and Supernovae.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
History-dependent friction and slow slip from time-dependent microscopic junction laws studied in a statistical framework
Creators: name: Thøgersen, Kjetil
name: Trømborg, Jørgen Kjoshagen
name: Scheibert, Julien
name: Sveinsson, Henrik Andersen
name: Malthe-Sørenssen, Anders
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To study the microscopic origins of friction, we build a framework to describe the collective behaviour of a large number of individual micro-junctions forming a macroscopic frictional interface. Each micro-junction can switch in time between two states: A pinned state characterized by a displacement-dependent force, and a slipping state characterized by a time-dependent force. Instead of tracking each micro-junction individually, the state of the interface is described by two coupled distributions for (i) the stretching of pinned junctions and (ii) the time spent in the slipping state. We show how this framework represents an overarching structure for important models existing in the friction literature. We then use it to study systematically the effect of the time-scale that controls the duration of the slipping state. We first find the steady-state friction force as a function of the sliding velocity. As the framework allows for a whole family of micro-junction behaviour laws, we show how these laws can be chosen to obtain monotonic (strengthening or weakening) or non-monotonic velocity dependence at the macroscale. By then considering transient situations, we predict that the macroscopic static friction coefficient is strongly influenced by the way the interface was prepared, in particular by the slip dynamics of the previous sliding event. We also show that slow slip spontaneously occurs in the framework for a wide range of behaviour laws.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 2 of Film-trigger applicator (FTA) for improved skin penetration of microneedle using punching force of carboxymethyl cellulose film acting as a microneedle applicator
Creators: name: Kim, Youseong
name: Min, Hye Su
name: Shin, Jiwoo
name: Nam, Jeehye
name: Kang, Geonwoo
name: Sim, Jeeho
name: Yang, Huisuk
name: Jung, Hyungil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plasma Physics

description: Additional file 2. Fluorescence intensity at the bottom of cadaver skin in the DMN patch and FTA groups. The value was expressed as relative fluorescence intensity of each group using the ImageJ program (n = 5, mean ± S.E.). The average fluorescence intensity of DMN patch was 70.36 ± 3.83 and FTA was 102.52 ± 7.81. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p <0.001.
Bayesian Optimization for Cascade-type Multi-stage Processes
Creators: name: Kusakawa, Shunya
name: Takeno, Shion
name: Inatsu, Yu
name: Kutsukake, Kentaro
name: Iwazaki, Shogo
name: Nakano, Takashi
name: Ujihara, Toru
name: Karasuyama, Masayuki
name: Takeuchi, Ichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Complex processes in science and engineering are often formulated as multistage decision-making problems. In this paper, we consider a type of multistage decision-making process called a cascade process. A cascade process is a multistage process in which the output of one stage is used as an input for the subsequent stage. When the cost of each stage is expensive, it is difficult to search for the optimal controllable parameters for each stage exhaustively. To address this problem, we formulate the optimization of the cascade process as an extension of the Bayesian optimization framework and propose two types of acquisition functions based on credible intervals and expected improvement. We investigate the theoretical properties of the proposed acquisition functions and demonstrate their effectiveness through numerical experiments. In addition, we consider an extension called suspension setting in which we are allowed to suspend the cascade process at the middle of the multistage decision-making process that often arises in practical problems. We apply the proposed method in a test problem involving a solar cell simulator, which was the motivation for this study.
description: 70pages, 7 figures
Topological Inflation with Large Tensor-to-scalar Ratio
Creators: name: Chung, Yu-Chieh
name: Lin, Chunshan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: BICEP2's detection on the primordial B-mode of CMB polarization suggests that inflation occurred around GUT scale, with the tensor-to-scalar ratio r~0.2. Inspired by this discosvery, we study the topological inflation which was driven by a double/single/no well potential. We show that with proper choice of parameters, all these three types of topological inflationary models could be consistent with the constraints from current observations.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures, PRD format; v2 typos corrected, references added
Velocity selective bi-polarization spectroscopy for laser cooling of metastable Krypton atoms
Creators: name: Kale, Y. B.
name: Tiwari, V. B.
name: Singh, S.
name: Mishra, S. R.
name: Rawat, H. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a velocity selective bi-polarization spectroscopy (VS-BPS) technique to generate a background-free, dispersion-like reference signal which is tunable over a wide range of frequency. In this technique, a pair of linearly polarized weak probe beams passing through a gas cell of metastable Krypton (Kr*) atoms, overlaps with a pair of counter-propagating circularly polarized strong pump beams derived from an independently tunable control laser. The polarization spectroscopy signals from the two probe beams, after subtraction, result in VS-BPS signal. The spectral shifting in VS-BPS signal can be achieved by tuning the frequency of the control laser. The dependence of the amplitude and slope of the VS-BPS signal on the RF power used for excitation of Kr atoms in the gas cell and on the power of pump beams has been studied. The frequency stability of a diode laser locked with VS-BPS signal has been found to be better than the frequency stability of the laser locked with a saturated absorption spectroscopy (SAS) signal. The VS-BPS signal is finally used for stabilization and tuning of the cooling laser frequency for a magneto-optical trap (MOT) for Kr* atoms.
description: 10 Pages, 11 figures, research article
Velocity reconstruction with the cosmic microwave background and galaxy surveys
Creators: name: Cayuso, Juan
name: Bloch, Richard
name: Hotinli, Selim C.
name: Johnson, Matthew C.
name: McCarthy, Fiona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The kinetic Sunyaev Zel'dovich (kSZ) and moving lens effects, secondary contributions to the cosmic microwave background (CMB), carry significant cosmological information due to their dependence on the large-scale peculiar velocity field. Previous work identified a promising means of extracting this cosmological information using a set of quadratic estimators for the radial and transverse components of the velocity field. These estimators are based on the statistically anisotropic components of the cross-correlation between the CMB and a tracer of large scale structure, such as a galaxy redshift survey. In this work, we assess the challenges to the program of velocity reconstruction posed by various foregrounds and systematics in the CMB and galaxy surveys, as well as biases in the quadratic estimators. To do so, we further develop the quadratic estimator formalism and implement a numerical code for computing properly correlated spectra for all the components of the CMB (primary/secondary blackbody components and foregrounds) and a photometric redshift survey, with associated redshift errors, to allow for accurate forecasting. We create a simulation framework for generating realizations of properly correlated CMB maps and redshift binned galaxy number counts, assuming the underlying fields are Gaussian, and use this to validate a velocity reconstruction pipeline and assess map-based systematics such as masking. We highlight the most significant challenges for velocity reconstruction, which include biases associated with: modelling errors, characterization of redshift errors, and coarse graining of cosmological fields on our past light cone. Despite these challenges, the outlook for velocity reconstruction is quite optimistic, and we use our reconstruction pipeline to confirm that these techniques will be feasible with near-term CMB experiments and photometric galaxy redshift surveys.
description: 71 pages, 29 figures. Code available at: https://github.com/jcayuso/ReCCO
Additional file 3 of Film-trigger applicator (FTA) for improved skin penetration of microneedle using punching force of carboxymethyl cellulose film acting as a microneedle applicator
Creators: name: Kim, Youseong
name: Min, Hye Su
name: Shin, Jiwoo
name: Nam, Jeehye
name: Kang, Geonwoo
name: Sim, Jeeho
name: Yang, Huisuk
name: Jung, Hyungil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plasma Physics

description: Additional file 3. (a) Blood glucose level expressed in a bar graph. (b) Plasma insulin level expressed in a bar graph. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. n.s. indicates non-significant.
Variable gravity: A suitable framework for quintessential inflation
Creators: name: Hossain, Md. Wali
name: Myrzakulov, R.
name: Sami, M.
name: Saridakis, Emmanuel N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate a scenario of variable gravity and apply it to the unified description of inflation and late time cosmic acceleration dubbed quintessential inflation. The scalar field called "cosmon" which in this model unifies both the concepts reduces to inflaton at early epochs. We calculate the slow-roll parameters, the Hubble parameter at the end of inflation, the reheating temperature,the tensor-to-scalar ration and demonstrate the agreement of the model with observations and the Planck data.As for the post inflationary dynamics, cosmon tracks the background before it exits the scaling regime at late times. The scenario gives rise to correct epoch sequence of standard cosmology, namely, radiative regime, matter phase and dark-energy. We show that the long kinetic regime after inflation gives rise to enhancement of relic gravity wave amplitude resulting into violation of nucleosynthesis constraint at the commencement of radiative regime in case of an inefficient reheating mechanism such as gravitational particle production. Instant preheating is implemented to successfully circumvent the problem. As a generic feature, the scenario gives rise to a blue spectrum for gravity waves on scales smaller than the comoving horizon scale at the commencement of the radiative regime.
description: 21 Latex pages, 13 figures and one table, minor clarifications added, typos corrected and references updated. To appear in PRD
Practical Continuous-variable Quantum Key Distribution with Feasible Optimization Parameters
Creators: name: Ma, Li
name: Yang, Jie
name: Zhang, Tao
name: Shao, Yun
name: Liu, Jinlu
name: Luo, Yujie
name: Wang, Heng
name: Huang, Wei
name: Fan, Fan
name: Zhou, Chuang
name: Zhang, Liangliang
name: Zhang, Shuai
name: Zhang, Yichen
name: Li, Yang
name: Xu, Bingjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) offers an approach to achieve a potential high secret key rate (SKR) in metropolitan areas. There are several challenges in developing a practical CV-QKD system from the laboratory to the real world. One of the most significant points is that it is really hard to adapt different practical optical fiber conditions for CV-QKD systems with unified hardware. Thus, how to improve the performance of practical CV-QKD systems in the field without modification of the hardware is very important. Here, a systematic optimization method, combining the modulation variance and error correction matrix optimization, is proposed to improve the performance of a practical CV-QKD system with a restricted capacity of postprocessing. The effect of restricted postprocessing capacity on the SKR is modeled as a nonlinear programming problem with modulation variance as an optimization parameter, and the selection of an optimal error correction matrix is studied under the same scheme. The results show that the SKR of a CV-QKD system can be improved by 24% and 200% compared with previous frequently used optimization methods theoretically with a transmission distance of 50 km. Furthermore, the experimental results verify the feasibility and robustness of the proposed method, where the achieved optimal SKR achieved practically deviates <1.6% from the theoretical optimal value. Our results pave the way to deploy high-performance CV-QKD in the real world.
ОБРАЗ ЛИРИЧЕСКОГО «Я» В ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ БУЛАТА ОКУДЖАВЫ И БОБА ДИЛАНА
Creators: name: Гауров Мор
name: Сурьянараян Нилакши
Publisher: name: Cross Cultural Studies: Education and Science
Year: 2020
Subjects: Поэт
авторская песня
Булат Окуджава
Боб Дилан
лирическое Я
сравнительный анализ

description: Настоящая статья представляет собой сравнительное исследование избранных стихов двух разных авторов, русского Булата Окуджавы и американца Боба Дилана, которые через общий язык поэзии и песни, понятный каждому, могли выразить свои мысли и чувства и привести множество людей. ценить идеалы свободы и гуманизма. Опираясь на различные теоретические подходы к понятию лирического «Я» и его проявлению в поэзии, мы попытались проанализировать характерные для поэзии Окуджавы и Дилана образы лирического «Я». Булат Окуджава и Боб Дилан принадлежат к разным странам и культурам, но разделяют любовь к поэзии и музыке. Они являются пионерами феномена авторской песни в своих странах. Два тела, одна душа советский / русский Дилан (Булат Окуджава) и американский Булат из Дулута (Боб Дилан), они написали песни в самых разных жанрах. и оказали огромное влияние на культуру своих стран.
Additional file 4 of Film-trigger applicator (FTA) for improved skin penetration of microneedle using punching force of carboxymethyl cellulose film acting as a microneedle applicator
Creators: name: Kim, Youseong
name: Min, Hye Su
name: Shin, Jiwoo
name: Nam, Jeehye
name: Kang, Geonwoo
name: Sim, Jeeho
name: Yang, Huisuk
name: Jung, Hyungil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plasma Physics

description: Additional file 4. Thickness of films prepared using 2%, 4%, and 6% CMC polymer solution (n = 10, mean ± S.E.). The thickness of films was 12.23 ± 1.20 µm, 23.05 ± 1.35 µm, and 33.14 ± 1.30 µm at 2%, 4%, and 6% CMC film concentrations, respectively.
Performance comparison of optimization methods on variational quantum algorithms
Creators: name: Bonet-Monroig, Xavier
name: Wang, Hao
name: Vermetten, Diederick
name: Senjean, Bruno
name: Moussa, Charles
name: Bäck, Thomas
name: Dunjko, Vedran
name: O'Brien, Thomas E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) offer a promising path toward using near-term quantum hardware for applications in academic and industrial research. These algorithms aim to find approximate solutions to quantum problems by optimizing a parametrized quantum circuit using a classical optimization algorithm. A successful VQA requires fast and reliable classical optimization algorithms. Understanding and optimizing how off-the-shelf optimization methods perform in this context is important for the future of the field. In this work, we study the performance of four commonly used gradient-free optimization methods: SLSQP, COBYLA, CMA-ES, and SPSA, at finding ground-state energies of a range of small chemistry and material science problems. We test a telescoping sampling scheme (where the accuracy of the cost-function estimate provided to the optimizer is increased as the optimization converges) on all methods, demonstrating mixed results across our range of optimizers and problems chosen. We further hyperparameter tune two of the four optimizers (CMA-ES and SPSA) across a large range of models and demonstrate that with appropriate hyperparameter tuning, CMA-ES is competitive with and sometimes outperforms SPSA (which is not observed in the absence of hyperparameter tuning). Finally, we investigate the ability of an optimizer to beat the `sampling noise floor' given by the sampling noise on each cost-function estimate provided to the optimizer. Our results demonstrate the necessity for tailoring and hyperparameter-tuning known optimization techniques for inherently-noisy variational quantum algorithms and that the variational landscape that one finds in a VQA is highly problem- and system-dependent. This provides guidance for future implementations of these algorithms in the experiment.
description: Published version
The MIS Check-Dam Dataset for Object Detection and Instance Segmentation Tasks
Creators: name: Tundia, Chintan
name: Kumar, Rajiv
name: Damani, Om
name: Sivakumar, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep learning has led to many recent advances in object detection and instance segmentation, among other computer vision tasks. These advancements have led to wide application of deep learning based methods and related methodologies in object detection tasks for satellite imagery. In this paper, we introduce MIS Check-Dam, a new dataset of check-dams from satellite imagery for building an automated system for the detection and mapping of check-dams, focusing on the importance of irrigation structures used for agriculture. We review some of the most recent object detection and instance segmentation methods and assess their performance on our new dataset. We evaluate several single stage, two-stage and attention based methods under various network configurations and backbone architectures. The dataset and the pre-trained models are available at https://www.cse.iitb.ac.in/gramdrishti/.