cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nonuniform viscosity in the solar nebula and large masses of Jupiter and Saturn
Creators: name: Jin, Liping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I report a novel theory that nonuniform viscous frictional force in the solar nebula accounts for the largest mass of Jupiter and Saturn and their largest amount of H and He among the planets, two outstanding facts that are unsolved puzzles in our understanding of origin of the Solar System. It is shown that the nebula model of uniform viscosity does not match the present planet masses. By studying current known viscosity mechanisms, I show that viscosity is more efficient in the inner region inside Mercury and the outer region outside Jupiter-Saturn than the intermediate region. The more efficient viscosity drives faster radial inflow of material during the nebula evolution. Because the inflow in the outer region is faster than the intermediate region, the material tends to accumulate in Jupiter-Saturn region which is between the outer and intermediate region. It is demonstrated that the gas trapping time of Jovian planets is longer than the inflow time in the outer region. Therefore the gas already flows to Jupiter-Saturn region before Uranus and Neptune can capture significant gas. But the inflow in the Jupiter-Saturn region is so slow that they can capture large amount of gas before the gas can flow further inward. Hence they have larger masses with larger H and He content than Uranus and Neptune. I also extend the discussion to the masses of the terrestrial planets, especially low mass of Mercury. The advantages of this theory are discussed.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, A&A Letters accepted
Photon-Mediated Interaction between Two Distant Atoms
Creators: name: Rist, Stefan
name: Eschner, Jürgen
name: Hennrich, Markus
name: Morigi, Giovanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the photonic interactions between two distant atoms which are coupled by an optical element (a lens or an optical fiber) focussing part of their emitted radiation onto each other. Two regimes are distinguished depending on the ratio between the radiative lifetime of the atomic excited state and the propagation time of a photon between the two atoms. In the two regimes, well below saturation the dynamics exhibit either typical features of a bad resonator, where the atoms act as the mirrors, or typical characteristics of dipole-dipole interaction. We study the coherence properties of the emitted light and show that it carries signatures of the multiple scattering processes between the atoms. The model predictions are compared with the experimental results in J. Eschner {\it et al.}, Nature {\bf 413}, 495 (2001).
description: 18 pages, 15 figures
Cluster scaling relations from cosmological hydrodynamic simulations in dark energy dominated universe
Creators: name: Aghanim, N.
name: da Silva, A. C.
name: Nunes, N. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Clusters are potentially powerful tools for cosmology provided their observed properties such as the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) or X-ray signals can be translated into physical quantities like mass and temperature. Scaling relations are the appropriate mean to perform this translation. It is therefore, important to understand their evolution and their modifications with respect to the physics and to the underlying cosmology. In this spirit, we investigate the effect of dark energy on the X-ray and SZ scaling relations. The study is based on the first hydro-simulations of cluster formation for diferent models of dark energy. We present results for four dark energy models which differ from each other by their equations of state parameter, $w$. Namely, we use a cosmological constant model $w=-1$ (as a reference), a perfect fluid with constant equation of state parameter $w=-0.8$ and one with $w = -1.2$ and a scalar field model (or quintessence) with varying $w$. We generate N-body/hydrodynamic simulations that include radiative cooling with the public version of the Hydra code, modified to consider an arbitrary dark energy component. We produce cluster catalogues for the four models and derive the associated X-ray and SZ scaling relations. We find that dark energy has little effect on scaling laws making it safe to use the $Λ$CDM scalings for conversion of observed quantities into temperature and masses.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, submitted to A&A
Integrable String Models in Terms of Chiral Invariants of SU(n), SO(n), SP(n) Groups
Creators: name: Gershun, Victor D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We considered two types of string models: on the Riemmann space of string coordinates with null torsion and on the Riemman-Cartan space of string coordinates with constant torsion. We used the hydrodynamic approach of Dubrovin, Novikov to integrable systems and Dubrovin solutions of WDVV associativity equation to construct new integrable string equations of hydrodynamic type on the torsionless Riemmann space of chiral currents in first case. We used the invariant local chiral currents of principal chiral models for SU(n), SO(n), SP(n) groups to construct new integrable string equations of hydrodynamic type on the Riemmann space of the chiral primitive invariant currents and on the chiral non-primitive Casimir operators as Hamiltonians in second case. We also used Pohlmeyer tensor nonlocal currents to construct new nonlocal string equation.
description: This is a contribution to the Proc. of the Seventh International Conference ''Symmetry in Nonlinear Mathematical Physics'' (June 24-30, 2007, Kyiv, Ukraine), published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
Adiabatic orientation of rotating dipole molecules in an external field
Creators: name: Bulthuis, J.
name: Becker, J. A.
name: Moro, R.
name: Kresin, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The induced polarization of a beam of polar clusters or molecules passing through an electric or magnetic field region differs from the textbook Langevin-Debye susceptibility. This distinction, which is important for the interpretation of deflection and focusing experiments, arises because instead of acquiring thermal equilibrium in the field region, the beam ensemble typically enters the field adiabatically, i.e., with a previously fixed distribution of rotational states. We discuss the orientation of rigid symmetric-top systems with a body-fixed electric or magnetic dipole moment. The analytical expression for their "adiabatic-entry" orientation is elucidated and compared with exact numerical results for a range of parameters. The differences between the polarization of thermodynamic and "adiabatic-entry" ensembles, of prolate and oblate tops, and of symmetric-top and linear rotators are illustrated and identified.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
Partition of Networks into Basins of Attraction
Creators: name: Carmi, Shai
name: Krapivsky, P. L.
name: ben-Avraham, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study partition of networks into basins of attraction based on a steepest ascent search for the node of highest degree. Each node is associated with, or "attracted" to its neighbor of maximal degree, as long as the degree is increasing. A node that has no neighbors of higher degree is a peak, attracting all the nodes in its basin. Maximally random scale-free networks exhibit different behavior based on their degree distribution exponent $γ$: for small $γ$ (broad distribution) networks are dominated by a giant basin, whereas for large $γ$ (narrow distribution) there are numerous basins, with peaks attracting mainly their nearest neighbors. We derive expressions for the first two moments of the number of basins. We also obtain the complete distribution of basin sizes for a class of hierarchical deterministic scale-free networks that resemble random nets. Finally, we generalize the problem to regular networks and lattices where all degrees are equal, and thus the attractiveness of a node must be determined by an assigned weight, rather than the degree. We derive the complete distribution of basins of attraction resulting from randomly assigned weights in one-dimensional chains.
Label-set Loss Functions for Partial Supervision: Application to Fetal Brain 3D MRI Parcellation
Creators: name: Fidon, Lucas
name: Aertsen, Michael
name: Emam, Doaa
name: Mufti, Nada
name: Guffens, Frédéric
name: Deprest, Thomas
name: Demaerel, Philippe
name: David, Anna L.
name: Melbourne, Andrew
name: Ourselin, Sébastien
name: Deprest, Jan
name: Vercauteren, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep neural networks have increased the accuracy of automatic segmentation, however, their accuracy depends on the availability of a large number of fully segmented images. Methods to train deep neural networks using images for which some, but not all, regions of interest are segmented are necessary to make better use of partially annotated datasets. In this paper, we propose the first axiomatic definition of label-set loss functions that are the loss functions that can handle partially segmented images. We prove that there is one and only one method to convert a classical loss function for fully segmented images into a proper label-set loss function. Our theory also allows us to define the leaf-Dice loss, a label-set generalization of the Dice loss particularly suited for partial supervision with only missing labels. Using the leaf-Dice loss, we set a new state of the art in partially supervised learning for fetal brain 3D MRI segmentation. We achieve a deep neural network able to segment white matter, ventricles, cerebellum, extra-ventricular CSF, cortical gray matter, deep gray matter, brainstem, and corpus callosum based on fetal brain 3D MRI of anatomically normal fetuses or with open spina bifida. Our implementation of the proposed label-set loss functions is available at https://github.com/LucasFidon/label-set-loss-functions
description: Accepted at MICCAI 2021
Gravitational Radiation from Neutron Stars and Black Holes
Creators: name: Sopuerta, Carlos F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational Wave Astronomy is becoming a reality as Earth-based interferometric gravitational-wave detectors reach the design sensitivities and move towards advanced configurations that may lead to gravitational-wave detections in the immediate future. In this contribution, I briefly summarize the basic characteristics of this new area, the discovery prospects and the potential for fundamental physics. Then, I present results of some investigations of two different sources of gravitational waves that are potential targets for present and future planned observatories. First, I will discuss the generation of gravitational radiation by non-linear effects arising from the coupling between radial and non-radial oscillations of neutron stars, which may produce distinctive gravitational-wave signatures. The gravitational radiation emitted by these sources is in the frequency band of Earth-based detectors. And second, I will discuss the gravitational-wave emission during the inspiral of extreme-mass-ratio compact binaries. In this case, the gravitational waves have low frequencies, inside the frequency band of space observatories like LISA.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures. Proceedings of the conference "Supernovae: lights in the darkness" (XXIII Trobades Cientifiques de la Mediterrania), October 3-5, 2007, Mao, Menorca (Spain). To appear in Proceedings of Science
Talbot photolithography optimization with engineered hybrid metal-dielectric mask: High-contrast and highly-uniform Talbot stripes
Creators: name: Geints, Yu. E.
name: Minin, I. V.
name: Minin, O. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2
subject: 65Z05

description: Conventional projection Talbot lithography usually employs opaque (amplitude) or transparent (phase) masks for creating a periodic array of Fresnel diffraction fringes in the photosensitive substrate. For particular mask design the longitudinal periodicity of Talbot carpet can be avoided producing quasi uniform striped pattern (Talbot stripes). We propose a novel hybrid amplitude-phase mask which is engineered for obtaining extremely smooth Talbot stripes and simultaneously high lateral optical contrast and extreme spatial resolution better than a third of laser wavelength. By means of the numerical simulations, we demonstrate the robustness of produced striped diffraction patterns against mask design deviation and light incidence angle variations. The reproducibility of the Talbot stripes is reported also for 1D and 2D metal-dielectric projection masks.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
Efficient $\mathcal{O}(N^2)$ approach to solve the Bethe-Salpeter equation for excitonic bound states
Creators: name: Fuchs, F.
name: Rödl, C.
name: Schleife, A.
name: Bechstedt, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Excitonic effects in optical spectra and electron-hole pair excitations are described by solutions of the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) that accounts for the Coulomb interaction of excited electron-hole pairs. Although for the computation of excitonic optical spectra in an extended frequency range efficient methods are available, the determination and analysis of individual exciton states still requires the diagonalization of the electron-hole Hamiltonian $\hat{H}$. We present a numerically efficient approach for the calculation of exciton states with quadratically scaling complexity, which significantly diminishes the computational costs compared to the commonly used cubically scaling direct-diagonalization schemes. The accuracy and performance of this approach is demonstrated by solving the BSE numerically for the Wannier-Mott two-band model in {\bf k} space and the semiconductors MgO and InN. For the convergence with respect to the $\vk$-point sampling a general trend is identified, which can be used to extrapolate converged results for the binding energies of the lowest bound states.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, 1 table, submitted to PRB
The relationship of hyperkinesis and family stress : a clinical study
Creators: name: McKee, Kelly Edward
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of hyper-kinesis and family stress. The relevant family stress and hyperkinesis literature is reviewed. Research suggests that families containing a hyperkinetic child experience stress due to the possible lack of coping resources. Using both standardized measures and non-structured clinical interviews and observations, the coping efficiency and coping resources of five families were studied. The variables examined included parent self-concept, child-rearing attitude, family adaptability and cohesion, marital communication and parent anxiety. It was hypothesized that parents of hyperkinetic children would perceive themselves as having low self-concept, more autocratic child-rearing attitudes, poor marital communication and high anxiety. They would perceive their families as enmeshed and highly structured, and as having a depletion of coping resources. In addition to these hypotheses, a number of secondary research questions were examined. Differences between mother and father scores, and the effects of SES and the sex of child, and the family rules, alliances and triangles, on family coping were explored. Evidence of hyperactivity in the extended family was also examined. The results of the study suggest that families with hyperkinetic children lack coping resources, especially in the area of internal strengths. The families tended to perceive themselves as being disconnected and structured, and as having poor communication patterns. Parents did perceive themselves as having average self-concept, low anxiety, more democratic child-rearing attitudes and as successfully managed family life. Although the aforementioned trends were evident in the sample population, the study had a number of limitations. The sample consisted of volunteers who were found to be abnormal specimens due to SES and their membership in parenting group for parents of hyperactive children. The instrument used to assess the level of stress in the family did not accurately measure this variable. Finally, the reliance on paper and pencil measures for the data was found to be a limitation. The results from these measures were consistently contradicted by the nonstandardized measures. Further research should be done to determine the generalizability of the results of this study. Areas of concentration should be on determining more specific areas of resource deficiency, causes of marital communication problems and the impact of stress on the family sub-systems.
Exact results on decoherence and entanglement in a system of N driven atoms and a dissipative cavity mode
Creators: name: Bina, M.
name: Casagrande, F.
name: Lulli, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We solve the dynamics of an open quantum system where N strongly driven two-level atoms are equally coupled on resonance to a dissipative cavity mode. Analytical results are derived on decoherence, entanglement, purity, atomic correlations and cavity field mean photon number. We predict decoherence-free subspaces for the whole system and the N-qubit subsystem, the monitoring of quantum coherence and purity decay by atomic populations measurements, the conditional generation of atomic multi-partite entangled states and of cavity cat-like states. We show that the dynamics of atoms prepared in states invariant under permutation of any two components remains restricted within the subspace spanned by the completely symmetric Dicke states. We discuss examples and applications in the cases N=3,4.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted in EPJD
Benchmarking NetBASILISK: a Network Security Project for Science
Creators: name: Guhit, Jem
name: Colone, Edward
name: McKee, Shawn
name: Steinhoff, Kris
name: Thomas, Katarina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Infrastructures supporting distributed scientific collaborations must address competing goals in both providing high-performance access to resources while simultaneously securing the infrastructure against security threats. The NetBASILISK project is attempting to improve the security of such infrastructures while not adversely impacting their performance. This paper will present our work to create a benchmark and monitoring infrastructure that allows us to test for any degradation in transferring data into a NetBASILISK protected site.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, presented at vCHEP '21 Conference
title: Βελτιστοποίηση σχεδιασμού φωτοβολταϊκών συστημάτων σε κτήρια με αξιολόγηση της οπτικής τους επίδρασης
title: Design optimization of photovoltaic systems on buildings by evaluating their visual impact
Creators: name: Τυχαλας Πετρος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2021

description: Τα τελευταία χρόνια πολλές χώρες έχουν αρχίσει να επενδύουν στις Ανανεώσιμες Πήγες Ενέργειας (Α.Π.Ε.) θέτοντας υψηλούς στόχους μέχρι και για πλήρη κάλυψη των ενεργειακών αναγκών τους από αυτές γεγονός που οφείλεται κυρίως στα σημαντικά περιβαλλοντικά πλεονεκτήματά τους, όπως η μείωση εκπομπών CO2 σε σχέση με τους συμβατικούς σταθμούς παραγωγής ενέργειας. Ένας βασικός τρόπος για να επιτευχθεί αυτό είναι η αξιοποίηση επιφανειών, οι οποίες δεν έχουν κάποια ιδιαίτερη χρήση, όπως είναι οι ταράτσες, οι σκεπές και οι τοίχοι των κτιρίων, των οποίων η κάλυψη με φωτοβολταϊκά (Φ/Β) συστήματα θα προσέφερε ένα σημαντικό ποσό ενέργειας. Πέρα από τα πλεονεκτήματα τους όμως, τα Φ/Β συστήματα μπορούν να δημιουργήσουν ανεπιθύμητες καταστάσεις, όπως είναι για παράδειγμα αλλαγές στο τοπίο, οι οποίες έχουν οπτικό αντίκτυπο στον άνθρωπο.
Σκοπός αυτής της διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η ελαχιστοποίηση του κόστους σε κτίρια με ενσωματωμένα Φ/Β πλαίσια, βρίσκοντας τον βέλτιστο συνδυασμό διαστασιολόγησης με παράλληλη αξιολόγηση της οπτικής τους επίδρασης. Ο αλγόριθμος που υλοποιήθηκε έχει τη δυνατότητα προσομοίωσης Φ/Β συστήματος διασυνδεδεμένου με το ηλεκτρικό δίκτυο με δυνατότητα αποθήκευσης ενέργειας. Η ελαχιστοποίηση του κόστους και η βελτιστοποίηση του σχεδιασμού του Φ/Β συστήματος έχουν υλοποιηθεί με τη χρήση του αλγορίθμου Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Η καινοτομία της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η εύρεση του βέλτιστου συνδυασμού διαστασιολόγησης λαμβάνοντας παράλληλα υπόψιν την οπτική επίδραση του σχεδιαζόμενου Φ/Β συστήματος.
Hard Lefschetz actions in Riemannian geometry with special holonomy
Creators: name: Leung, Naichung Conan
name: Li, Changzheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is known that the hard Lefschetz action, together with Kähler identities for Kähler (resp. hyperkähler) manifolds, determines a $\mathfrak{su}(1,1)_{sup}$ (resp. $\mathfrak{sp}(1,1)_{sup}$) Lie superalgebra action on differential forms. In this paper, we explain the geometric origin of this action, and we also generalize it to manifolds with other holonomy groups. For semi-flat Calabi-Yau (resp. hyperkähler) manifolds, these symmetries can be enlarged to a $\mathfrak{so}(2,2)_{sup}$ (resp. $\mathfrak{su}(2,2)_{sup}$) action.
description: 16 pages
Crack detection models based on digital image correlation and convolutional neural networks
Creators: name: Melching, David
name: Strohmann, Tobias
name: Requena, Guillermo
name: Breitbarth, Eric
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: crack detection
digital image correlation
convolutional neural networks
machine learning

description: This project contains crack detection models based on trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs). These models take planar displacement fields obtained by digital image correlation (DIC) during fatigue crack growth experiments as input and predict the crack tip and path information. The models were trained with the manually labelled dataset S160,4.7 from 10.5281/zenodo.5740216 following the implementation 10.5281/zenodo.6605441 (https://github.com/dlr-wf/explainable-crack-tip-detection) of the article "Explainable machine learning for precise fatigue crack tip detection" (Sci Rep, 2022). The repository features two PyTorch models: crack tip detector: ParallelNets.pth crack path detector: UNetPath.pth
De Haas-van Alphen oscillations in the charge-density wave compound lanthanum tritelluride (LaTe_3)
Creators: name: Ru, N.
name: Borzi, R. A.
name: Rost, A.
name: Mackenzie, A. P.
name: Laverock, J.
name: Dugdale, S. B.
name: Fisher, I. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: De Haas-van Alphen oscillations were measured in lanthanum tritelluride (LaTe_3) to probe the partially gapped Fermi surface resulting from charge density wave (CDW) formation. Three distinct frequencies were observed, one of which can be correlated with a FS sheet that is unaltered by CDW formation. The other two frequencies arise from FS sheets that have been reconstructed in the CDW state.
description: 8 pages
Protecting entanglement in superconducting qubits
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Liu, Yu-xi
name: Li, Chun-Wen
name: Tarn, Tzyh-Jong
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a two-qubit system is initially maximally-entangled, two independent decoherence channels, one per qubit, would greatly reduce the entanglement of the two-qubit system when it reaches its stationary state. We propose a method on how to minimize such a loss of entanglement in open quantum systems. We find that the quantum entanglement of general two-qubit systems with controllable parameters can be protected by tuning both the single-qubit parameters and the two-qubit coupling strengths. Indeed, the maximum fidelity $F_{\rm max}$ between the stationary entangled state, $ρ_{\infty}$, and the maximally-entangled state, $ρ_m$, can be about $2/3\approx\max\{{\rm tr}(ρ_{\infty}ρ_m)\}=F_{\rm max}$, corresponding to a maximum stationary concurrence, $C_{\rm max}$, of about $1/3\approx C(ρ_{\infty})=C_{\rm max}$. This is significant because the quantum entanglement of the two-qubit system can be protected, even for a long time. We apply our proposal to several types of two-qubit superconducting circuits, and show how the entanglement of these two-qubit circuits can be optimized by varying experimentally-controllable parameters.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
Reproduction of Mediterranean zooxanthellate and azooxanthellate scleractinian corals along environmental gradients
Creators: name: Airi, Valentina <1979>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: BIO/05 Zoologia

description: Despite extensive studies focus mainly on sexual reproductive characteristics in tropical scleractinian species, there is limited knowledge on temperate regions. The Mediterranean is a biodiversity hotspot under intense pressure from anthropogenic impacts. Climatic models further predict that the Mediterranean basin will be one of the most impacted regions by the ongoing warming trend. This makes it a potential model of more global patterns to occur in the world’s marine biota, and a natural focus of interest for research on climate. The present research contributed to increase data on reproductive modes and sexuality of temperate scleractinian corals, highlighting their developmental plasticity, showing different forms of propagation and different responses to environmental change. For the first time, sexuality and reproductive mode in Caryophyllia inornata were determined. An unusual embryogenesis without a clear seasonal pattern was observed, suggesting the possibility of an asexual origin. Sexual reproduction of Astroides calycularis was governed by annual changes in seawater temperature, as observed for other Mediterranean dendrophylliids. Defining the reproductive biology of these species is the starting point for studying their potential response to variations of environmental parameters, on a global climate change context. The results on the influence of temperature on reproductive output of the zooxanthellate (symbiosis with unicellular algae) Balanophyllia europaea and the non-zooxanthellate Leptopsammia pruvoti suggest that the latter may be quite tolerant to temperature increase, since the zooxanthellate species resulted less efficient at warm temperatures. A possible explanation could be related to their different trophic system. In B. europaea thermal tolerance is primarily governed by the symbiotic algae, making it more sensitive to temperature changes. On the contrary, the absence of symbionts in L. pruvoti might make it more resistant to temperature. In a progressively warming Mediterranean, the efficiency on scleractinian reproduction could be influenced in different ways, reflecting their extraordinary adaptability.
Formation of blue compact dwarf galaxies from merging and interacting gas-rich dwarfs
Creators: name: Bekki, Kenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of numerical simulations which show the formation of blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxies from merging between very gas-rich dwarfs with extended HI gas disks. We show that dwarf-dwarf merging can trigger central starbursts and form massive compact cores dominated by young stellar populations. We also show that the pre-existing old stellar components in merger precursor dwarfs can become diffuse low surface brightness components after merging. The compact cores dominated by younger stellar populations and embedded in more diffusely distributed older ones can be morphologically classified as BCDs. Since new stars can be formed from gas transferred from the outer part of the extended gas disks of merger precursors, new stars can be very metal-poor ([Fe/H] < -1). Owing to very high gaseous pressure exceeding 10^5 k_B (where k_B is the Boltzmann constant) during merging, compact star clusters can be formed in forming BCDs. The BCDs formed from merging can still have extended HI gas disks surrounding their blue compact cores. We discuss whether tidal interaction of gas-rich dwarfs without merging can also form BCDs.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted MNRAS, Letters
Shocks in asymmetric simple exclusion processes of interacting particles
Creators: name: Mukherji, Sutapa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study shocks and related transitions in asymmetric simple exclusion processes of particles with nearest neighbor interactions. We consider two kinds of inter-particle interactions. In one case, the particle-hole symmetry is broken due to the interaction. In the other case, particles have an effective repulsion due to which the particle-current-density drops down near the half filling. These interacting particles move on a one dimensional lattice which is open at both the ends with injection of particles at one end and withdrawal of particles at the other. In addition to this, there are possibilities of attachments or detachments of particles to or from the lattice with certain rates. The hydrodynamic equation that involves the exact particle current-density of the particle conserving system and additional terms taking care of the attachment-detachment kinetics is studied using the techniques of boundary layer analysis.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
title: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Creators: name: Bouyer, Patricia
name: Srinivasan, Srikanth
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Front Matter
subject: Table of Contents
subject: Preface
subject: Conference Organization
subject: Theory of computation
subject: Computing methodologies
subject: Software and its engineering

description: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
description: LIPIcs, Vol. 284, 43rd IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2023), pages 0:i-0:xvi
Modeling the complete prevention of disruption-generated runaway electron beam formation with a passive 3D coil in SPARC
Creators: name: Tinguely, RA
name: Izzo, VA
name: Garnier, DT
name: Sundström, A
name: Särkimäki, K
name: Embréus, O
name: Fülöp, T
name: Granetz, RS
name: Hoppe, M
name: Pusztai, I
name: Sweeney, R
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The potential formation of multi-mega-ampere beams of relativistic "runaway" electrons (REs) during sudden terminations of tokamak plasmas poses a significant challenge to the tokamak's development as a fusion energy source. Here, we use state-of-the-art modeling of disruption magnetohydrodynamics coupled with a self-consistent evolution of RE generation and transport to show that a non-axisymmetric in-vessel coil will passively prevent RE beam formation during disruptions in the SPARC tokamak, a compact, high-field, high-current device capable of achieving a fusion gain Q > 2 in deuterium-tritium plasmas.
Crack detection models based on digital image correlation and convolutional neural networks
Creators: name: Melching, David
name: Strohmann, Tobias
name: Requena, Guillermo
name: Breitbarth, Eric
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: crack detection
digital image correlation
convolutional neural networks
machine learning

description: This project contains crack detection models based on trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs). These models take planar displacement fields obtained by digital image correlation (DIC) during fatigue crack growth experiments as input and predict the crack tip and path information. The models were trained with the manually labelled dataset S160,4.7 from 10.5281/zenodo.5740216 following the implementation 10.5281/zenodo.6605441 (https://github.com/dlr-wf/explainable-crack-tip-detection) of the article "Explainable machine learning for precise fatigue crack tip detection" (Sci Rep, 2022). The repository features two PyTorch model state_dict's: crack tip detector: ParallelNets.pth crack path detector: UNetPath.pth
title: Wahlordnung für die Wahl zum Fakultätsrat und für die Wahl des Dekanats bzw. der Dekanin oder des Dekans und der Prodekaninnen oder Prodekane der Fakultät für Elektrotechnik, Informatik und Mathematik an der Universität Paderborn
title: vom 22. Mai 2019
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Universität Paderborn
Publisher: name: UB-PAD - Paderborn University Library
Year: 2019

description: Amtliche Mitteilungen / Universität Paderborn
Novel relations in massive gravity at Hawking-Page transition
Creators: name: Yerra, Pavan Kumar
name: Bhamidipati, Chandrasekhar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sign and magnitude of Ruppeiner's curvature $R_N$ is an empirical indicator of the respective nature and strength of microstructures of a thermodynamic system. For d-dimensional Schwarzschild black holes in AdS, $R_N$ at the Hawking-Page (HP) transition point is a universal constant. In this article we study the nature of $R_N$ at HP transition in a massive gravity theory and show that its constancy is broken due to the dependence on graviton mass as well as horizon topology. Although, when the graviton mass reaches a critical value the HP transition is driven to zero temperature, and $R_N$ at this point again approaches a universal negative constant, independent of all parameters of the theory. The geometry of black holes in AdS close to the HP transition point is also studied via novel near horizon scaling limits, and reveals the emergence of fully decoupled Rindler spacetimes.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures
Polymeric membranes for CO2 separation: effect of aging, humidity and facilitated transport
Creators: name: Ansaloni, Luca <1984>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: ING-IND/24 Principi di ingegneria chimica

description: Polymeric membranes represent a promising technology for gas separation processes, thanks to low costs, reduced energy consumption and limited waste production. The present thesis aims at studying the transport properties of two membrane materials, suitable for CO2 purification applications. In the first part, a polyimide, Matrimid 5218, has been throughout investigated, with particular reference to the effect of thermal treatment, aging and the presence of water vapor in the gas transport process. Permeability measurements showed that thermal history affects relevantly the diffusion of gas molecules across the membrane, influencing also the stability of the separation performances. Subsequently, the effect of water on Matrimid transport properties has been characterized for a wide set of incondensable penetrants. A monotonous reduction of permeability took place at increasing the water concentration within the polymer matrix, affecting the investigated gaseous species to the same extent, despite the different  thermodynamic and kinetic features. In this view, a novel empirical model, based on the Free Volume Theory, has been proposed to qualitatively describe the phenomenon. Moreover, according to the accurate representation of the experimental data, the suggested approach has been combined with a more rigorous thermodynamic tool (NELF Model), allowing an exhaustive description of water influence on the single parameters contributing to the gas permeation across the membrane. In the second part, the study has focused on the synthesis and characterization of facilitated transport membranes, able to achieving outstanding separation performances thanks to the chemical enhancement of CO2 permeability. In particular, the transport properties have been investigated for high pressure CO2 separation applications and specific solutions have been proposed to solve stability issues, frequently arising under such severe conditions. Finally, the effect of different process parameters have been investigated, aiming at the identification of the optimal conditions capable to maximize the separation performance.
D5.4 Optimized Full Prototype of Data Proces-sors for City Weather Model
Creators: name: De la Fuente Daruich, Lucas
name: Fessel, Adrian
name: Kuhn, Dietrich
name: Bayer, Anita
name: Spagnolli, Marco
name: Popoviciu, Ruben-Mihael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This document presents the development and optimization of the Full Prototype (FP) of data processors, a key deliverable that enables the efficient generation and preparation of data for the services offered by the project. This milestone introduces the optimized versions of the In-Situ Data Processor, Airborne Data Processor, and Spaceborne Data Processor, each designed to handle and process diverse data types essential for urban climate analysis.
Elementary derivation of the Lense-Thirring precession
Creators: name: Chashchina, O. I.
name: Iorio, L.
name: Silagadze, Z. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An elementary pedagogical derivation of the Lense-Thirring precession is given based on the use of Hamilton vector. The Hamilton vector is an extra constant of motion of the Kepler/Coulomb problem related simply to the more popular Runge-Lenz vector. When a velocity-dependent Lorentz-like gravitomagnetic force is present, the Hamilton vector, as well as the canonical orbital momentum are no longer conserved and begin to precess. It is easy to calculate their precession rates, which are related to the Lense-Thirring precession of the orbit.
description: 16 pages, somewhat modified, a reference added, to be published in Acta Physica Polonica B
Revisiting the inflammatory pathway with network biology
Creators: name: Dimitri, Giovanna Maria
name: Tieri, Paolo
name: Guarnieri, Tiziana
name: Manni, Luigi
name: Martelli, Davide
name: Sala, Claudia
name: Plaksienko, Anna
name: Angelini, Claudia
name: Frascella, Francesca
name: Napione, Lucia
name: Nardini, Christine
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2021

description: Motivation Inflammation is part of the complex function that addresses harmful stimuli, and the first phase of wound healing (WH), which guarantees living systems’ homeostasis. Deviances from physiology make inflammation turn acute (sepsis, 11M death/y) or chronic (non-communicable diseases, 41M death/y). Therefore, tackling inflammation is a key priority. We recently proposed (Maturo et al., 2020) to revise the conventional inflammatory pathway (innate immune response) to include WH (expanded inflammatory pathway).
 Methods We manually identified the Reactome pathways that include all reactions and species relevant to WH. Cytoscape was then used to perform the union of the SBML converted pathways, with the largest connected component being retained (732 nodes, 13.944 edges). The same was done for the innate immune response (R-HSA-168249.8) with 487 nodes, 11.744 edges. We then focused on: NF-kB (fundamental hub in all inflammatory reactions), TNF-α (renown target of inflammatory diseases) and RAC1 (key player in mechanotransduction events of WH).
 Results Preliminary topological results highlight the stability of closeness centrality, i.e. all molecules preserve their efficiency in spreading information. Conversely, betweenness centrality is stable for NF-kB (0.068), confirming NF-kB relevance, while halving its (very low) value in the expanded pathway for TNF-α (from 2.85E-06 to 1.29E-06). This indicates that the ability to bridge different parts of the graphs is less effective if we consider inflammation as an expanded concept, possibly contributing to explain the many side effects of anti-TNF-α therapies. Interestingly, RAC1 presents stable betweenness (from 0.094 to 0.093), comparable to NF-kB, supporting the hypothesis that WH-leveraging therapies could act on a relevant and stable target, so far neglected (Nardini et al., 2016).
 References
 Maturo, M.G., Soligo, M., Gibson, G., Manni, L., Nardini, C., 2020. The greater inflammatory pathway-high clinical potential by innovative predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach. EPMA J 11, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13167-019-00195-w
 Nardini, C., Devescovi, V., Liu, Y., Zhou, X., Lu, Y., Dent, J.E., 2016. Systemic Wound Healing Associated with local sub-Cutaneous Mechanical Stimulation. Sci. Rep. 6. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39043
Decay of Dirac Massive Hair in the Background of Spherical Black Hole
Creators: name: Moderski, Rafał
name: Rogatko, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intermediate and late-time behaviour of massive Dirac hair in the static spherically symmetric black hole spacetime was studied. It was revealed that the intermediate asymptotic pattern of decay of massive Dirac spinor hair is dependent on the mass of the field under consideration as well as the multiple number of the wave mode. The long-lived oscillatory tail observed at timelike infinity in the considered background decays slowly as t^{-5/6}.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, RevTex, to be published in Phys.Rev.D15
Spectroscopy of bright quasars: emission lines and internal extinction
Creators: name: Bachev, R.
name: Strigachev, A.
name: Semkov, E.
name: Mihov, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main purpose of this work is to improve the existing knowledge about the most powerful engines in the Universe - quasars. Although a lot is already known, we still have only a vague idea how these engines work exactly, why they behave as they do, and what the relation is between their evolution and the evolution of their harboring galaxy. Methods we used are based on optical spectroscopy of visually bright quasars, many of which have recently been discovered as X-ray sources, but eventually missed in color-selected surveys. The spectra typically cover the 4200-7000 AA region, allowing measurements of the characteristics of the hydrogen lines, the FeII contribution, and other lines of interest. We present accurate redshift estimates and Seyfert type classification of the objects. We also show that the contribution of the host galaxy to the optical continuum is non-negligible in many cases, as is the intrinsic AGN absorption. Consequences of not correcting for those factors when estimating different quasar parameters are discussed. We also find some evidence of a non-unity slope in the relation between the internal extinction based on the Balmer decrement and the one on the optical continuum slope, implying, if further confirmed, the intriguing possibility that some absorbing material might actually be located between the continuum source and the broad-line region.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted by A&A
Stamnodini Forbes 1948
Creators: name: Pohl, Greg
name: Anweiler, Gary
name: Schmidt, Christian
name: Kondla, Norbert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Geometridae

description: Stamnodini 1292 R Stamnodes topazata (Strecker, 1899) L Apr – M May M B – L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM
description: Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on page 200, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629
description: {"references": ["Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165."]}
Shear Viscosity of a Non-Relativistic Conformal Gas in Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Chen, Jiunn-Wei
name: Wen, Wen-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The shear viscosity, eta, of a fermi gas with non-relativistic conformal symmetry in two spatial dimensions is investigated. We find that eta/s, s being the entropy density, diverges as a gas of free particles in this system. It is in contrast to the eta/s=1/(4 pi) found using non-relativistic AdS/CFT correspondence, which requires a strongly interacting CFT. It implies the unitary fermi gas in two spatial dimensions is not likely to have a weakly interacting gravity dual.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure; minor corrections and references added
Quantum batteries at the verge of a phase transition
Creators: name: Barra, Felipe
name: Hovhannisyan, Karen V.
name: Imparato, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from the observation that the reduced state of a system strongly coupled to a bath is, in general, an athermal state, we introduce and study a cyclic battery-charger quantum device that is in thermal equilibrium, or in a ground state, during the charge storing stage. The cycle has four stages: the equilibrium storage stage is interrupted by disconnecting the battery from the charger, then work is extracted from the battery, and then the battery is reconnected with the charger; finally, the system is brought back to equilibrium. At no point during the cycle are the battery-charger correlations artificially erased. We study the case where the battery and charger together comprise a spin-1/2 Ising chain, and show that the main figures of merit - the extracted energy and the thermodynamic efficiency - can be enhanced by operating the cycle close to the quantum phase transition point. When the battery is just a single spin, we find that the output work and efficiency show a scaling behavior at criticality and derive the corresponding critical exponents. Due to always present correlations between the battery and the charger, operations that are equivalent from the perspective of the battery can entail different energetic costs for switching the battery-charger coupling. This happens only when the coupling term does not commute with the battery's bare Hamiltonian, and we use this purely quantum leverage to further optimize the performance of the device.