Cyphocaris tartaros Hughes & Lowry, 2015, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Hughes, Lauren E.
name: Lowry, James K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Cyphocarididae
Cyphocaris
Cyphocaris tartaros

description: Cyphocaris tartaros sp. nov.
(Figs 21–24)
Type material. Holotype, female (with setose oostegites), 22 mm dissected (parts in vial), AM P.66431, Norfolk Ridge, eastern Tasman Sea (32°36'23"S 167°50'35"E), 1331–1345 m, beam trawl, 30 May 2003, coll. P.B. Berents, RV Tangaroa, NORFANZ expedition (TAN0308/121).
Paratypes: 4 female specimens (with non-setose oostegites, poor condition), AM P.66414, Tasman Sea, Lord Howe Rise (34°12'26"S 162°39'30"E), 758–760 m, beam trawl, 26 May 2003, coll., P.B. Berents, RV Tangaroa, NORFANZ expedition (TAN0308/082); 1 male, mature, AM P.66416, Tasman Sea (34°11'02"S 162°39'11"E), 435–440 m, orange roughy trawl, 26 May 2003, coll. P.B. Berents, RV Tangaroa, NORFANZ expedition (TAN0308/088); 2 specimens (male and female with setose oostegites, with calceoli), AM P.66417, Tasman Sea (34°12'11"S 162°41'11"E), 748–772 m, ratcatcher trawl, 26 May 2003, coll. P.B. Berents, RV Tangaroa, NORFANZ expedition (TAN0308/089); 2 specimens, AM P.66419, Tasman Sea (33°49'28"S 167 03'27"E), 804– 944 m, orange roughy trawl, 27 May 2003, coll. P.B. Berents, RV Tangaroa, NORFANZ expedition (TAN0308/ 093); 1 mature male, AM P.66420, Tasman Sea (33°49'30"S 166°58'48"E), 950–987 m, beam trawl, 27 May 2003, coll. P.B. Berents, RV Tangaroa, NORFANZ expedition (TAN0308/094); 3 specimens (2 females non-ovigerous and male, poor condition), AM P.66429, Tasman Sea (32°35'39"S 167°47'03"E), 957–977 m, orange roughy trawl, 30 May 2003, coll. P.B. Berents, RV Tangaroa, NORFANZ expedition (TAN0308/119); 5 specimens AM P.66438, Tasman Sea (34°19'08"S 168°24'38"E), 831–846 m, orange roughy trawl, 2 June 2003, coll. P.B. Berents, RV Tangaroa, NORFANZ expedition (TAN0308/140); 4 specimens, AM P.66443, Tasman Sea (34°34'08"S 168°56'29"E), 1013–1340 m, orange roughy trawl, 3 June 2003, coll. P.B. Berents, RV Tangaroa, NORFANZ expedition (TAN0308/151); 7 specimens, AM P.66448, Tasman Sea (35°17'10"S 169°33'38"E), 815–867 m, orange roughy trawl, 5 June 2003, coll. P.B. Berents, RV Tangaroa, NORFANZ expedition (TAN0308/166).
Additional material examined. Tasman Sea. 1 male specimen, AM P.83776, Bass Canyon, Bass Strait (38°34'59"S 148°50'40"E), 2685 m, beam trawl, 13 October 2009, coll. D. Cummings & S. Holmes, RV Southern Surveyor (SS transit 03/2009/19).
Type locality. Norfolk Ridge, eastern Tasman Sea (32°36'23"S 167°50'35"E), 1331–1345 m depth.
Etymology. Named from ‘Tartaros’ the Greek primordial deity for the deepest and darkest region of the underworld, used as a noun in apposition.
Description. Based on holotype, female, 22 mm, AM P.66431. Body smooth, without setae. Pereonite 1 conspicuously produced anterodorsally, length 4.8 × basal width. Head narrow, much deeper than long, eyes distinct, oval, abutting head anterior margin; rostrum absent; lateral cephalic lobe rounded, anterodistal corner truncate. Antenna 1 length extending beyond pereonite 7 (broken); peduncular article 1 longer than article 2 and 3 combined; accessory flagellum short, slender, 4 –articulate; primary flagellum article 1 very long, densely covered with aesthetascs, calceoli absent. Antenna 2 length extending to at least pleonite 2; calceoli absent. Lower lip with broad outer lobes, mandibular lobes apically rounded. Mandibles, left mandible incisor notched, lacinia mobilis multidentate, accessory setal row with 2 setae; right mandible incisor smooth, lacinia mobilis absent, accessory setal row with 3 setae; molar well-developed triturative; mandibular palp 3-articulate, article 1 much shorter than 2–3; article 2 posterior margin near straight, anterior margin weakly angular, with dense row of submarginal setae, article 3 length 0.70 x article 2, lined with dense row of slender setae. Maxilla 1 outer plate with 9 (right) and 9 (left) setal teeth, palp broad with 9 robust dentate setae and with 9 (left) and 7(right) submarginal slender plumose setae; inner plate tapering distally, inner margin lined with 9 robust seta e. Maxilla 2 with broad, triangular inner plate, inner and outer plate with apical setae only. Maxilliped inner plate rectangular with 3 nodular apical robust setae, medial margin lined with plumose setae; outer plate subovate, apicolateral margin with long plumose setae, medial margin with 8 nodular robust setae which are apically irregular/jagged; palp long, 4-articulate, articles 1–3 lined with long slender setae; article 1–2 length similar; article 3 shorter than article 2, surface lined with short fine setae; dactylus large, curved, length 1.3 x article 3, with 3 apical setae, unguis absent.
Pereon. Gnathopod 1 weakly subchelate; coxa small, ventrally rounded; basis long, length 6 × width; ischium broader than long; merus posteriorly produced, acute, posterior surface covered in short fine setae; carpus length 1.1 × propodus, posterior surface covered in short fine setae; propodus length twice width, palm margin finely serrate, with line of long robust setae; dactylus posterior margin finely serrate, with distal spine, and 3 apical slender setae. Gnathopod 2 minutely subchelate; coxa tapering ventrally, rounded ventral margin; basis straight, extremely elongate, length 8 × width; ischium length 3.5 × width, merus slightly longer than broad; carpus much longer than propodus, length 4.1 × width, surface lined with short fine setae; propodus length 3.4 × width, palm margin finely serrate distally, palm defined by long robust setae and subquadrate corner; dactylus posterior margin smooth, with 1 tooth and 2 apical slender setae. Pereopod 3 slender, extremely elongate; coxa anteriorly produced; basis slender straight, length 5 × width; merus, carpus and propodus subequal in length; dactylus recurved, length 0. 5 × propodus. Pereopod 4 coxa larger than coxa 3, broadly rounded; basis slender straight, length 4+ × width (broken); merus, carpus and propodus subequal in length; dactylus recurved, length 0.4 × propodus. Pereopod 5 coxa larger than coxa 4, ventral margin irregular, undulating; basis posterior margin forming elongate spur, length 49 % as long as body length, with serrate dorsal margin and single serration in middle of ventral margin; merus shorter than carpus, length 2.5 × width; carpus similar in length to propodus, length 6 × width; dactylus short length 0.25 × propodus, slightly recurved. Pereopod 6 coxa ventrally straight, posteriorly rounded; basis proximally broad, distally narrow, posterior margin with a few serrations, posterodistal corner absent; merus slightly shorter than carpus, length 4 × width; carpus shorter than propodus, length 6 × width, propodus long, length 15 × width; dactylus slender, straight, tapering, length 0.33 × propodus. Pereopod 7 coxa ventral margin weakly concave; basis subrectangular, posterior margin with 5 serrations, posterodistal corner acute; merus similar in length to carpus; propodus slightly longer than carpus, length 9 × width; dactylus short, straight, tapering, length 0.2 × propodus.
Pleon. Pleonites 1–3 smooth. Epimeron 1 subquadrate, corner rounded. Epimera 2–3 subquadrate, corner with small acute tooth. Urosomite 1 with anterodorsal notch. Uropod 1 elongate, peduncle with 1 robust seta, length 5 × width, rami (broken). Uropod 2 long, extending beyond uropod 3 and telson; rami subequal in length, 1.2 × peduncle length, with 3 robust setae, lateral margins lined with fine setae. Uropod 3 shorter than uropod 1, peduncle length 2 × width, dorsal margin with long slender setae; rami foliaceous, inner ramus shorter than outer ramus, lined with plumose swimming setae; outer ramus 2-articulate, article 1 lined with plumose setae, article 2 small, length 1.5 × width. Telson elongate, deeply cleft to 85%, lobes tapering distally, lateral and apical margin without robust setae.
Depth range. 435–2685 m
Remarks. Cyphocaris tartaros sp. nov. belongs to the group of species characterised by an extremely elongate spur on the posterior margin of the pereopod 5 basis reaching beyond pleonite 1: C. bellona Lowry & Stoddart, 1994, C. cornuta Ledoyer, 1978, C. geyserensis Ledoyer, 1986, C. johnsoni Shoemaker, 1934, C. ohtsukai Tomikawa, 2009 and C. tunicola Lowry & Stoddart, 1997.
Cyphocaris tartaros is most similar to C. cornuta, C. geyserensis and to C. ohtsukai where the ventral margin of pereopod 5 basis has one or more serrations. In C. tartaros and C. geyerensis the ventral margin of the pereopod 5 basis spur has a single serration, positioned different with each species, however multiple serrations are present in C. cornuta and C. ohtsukai.
Distribution. SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN. Bass Strait, Tasman Sea, Coral Sea (current study).
description: Published as part of Hughes, Lauren E. & Lowry, James K., 2015, A review of the world Cyphocarididae with description of three new species (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Lysianassoidea), pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 4058 (1) on pages 27-31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/235526