Additional file 1 of New material connections in a mother-of-pearl Enconchado from the Viceroyalty of New Spain
Creators: name: Dismukes, Avalon H.
name: Lazarte, José L.
name: Centeno, Silvia A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Table S1. Stratigraphy and materials identified in cross-sections from Adoration of the Magi and its frame. Fig. S1. Schematic of Adoration’s stratigraphy. From the bottom up: (1) wood support; (2) canvas support; (3) two-layer ground preparation; (4) underdrawing; (5) shells and leveling gypsum layer; and (6) gilding, paint, and pigmented glazes. Fig. S2. Diagram indicating the sample locations. Fig. S3. Overall image of the panel verso photographed in normal light. Fig. S4. (A) SEM-BSE image of Sample S1, 100x. (B) SEM-BSE image acquired in the location indicated by a red rectangle in (A), 417x, showing a coarse ground layer (layer 1, not complete), and a finer ground layer (layer 2). Fig. S5. (A) Photomicrograph where the underdrawing visible through the translucent inlaid mother-of-pearl is indicated with a red arrow. (B) Infrared reflectogram (IRR) of Adoration. (C) Detail of the IRR in the area indicated by a rectangle in (B), where the carbon-based underdrawing is indicated by a red arrow. Fig. S6. SEM-BSE images of (A) Sample S3 with shell areas outlined in red, 1130x. (B-D) EDS maps of S, Ca, and Fe, respectively. (E-F) SEM-BSE details of Sample S3 with additional enhancements by 2.6x and 3.9x, respectively, showing shell tablet morphology. Fig. S7. Point XRF spectrum taken from the inlaid shell Sample S2B showing the presence of Sr and Ca. Fig. S8. (A) EDS spectrum taken of the shell inclusion in Sample S1 with (B) etail of the higher energy Sr peaks centered at 14.1 keV. Table S2 shows the elemental composition of the shell with Sr concentration, as determined by EDS, highlighted in yellow. Fig. S9. Sr distribution map acquired by MA-XRF in Adoration. The white arrow indicates a larger inlaid shell, the yellow arrow shows a smaller shell fragment, and the blue arrow points to more finely divided Sr-containing particles. Fig. S10. SEM-BSE image of Sample S5, 350x. The red arrow indicates the location of the shell gold layer. Table S3 shows the elemental composition of the shell gold as determined by EDS analysis. Fig. S11. Elemental distribution maps acquired by MA-XRF on Adoration: (A) Pb, (B) Hg, (C) Fe, and (D) Mn. Fig. S12. Raman spectrum acquired in Sample S6: (A) from 200 to 1300 cm-1 and (B) from 1100 to 1900 cm-1; λ0= 785 nm. Black asterisks indicate the peaks attributed to the indigo pigment (L. Burgio and R. J. H. Clark,  ‘Library of FT-Raman spectra of pigments, minerals, pigment media and varnishes, and supplement to existing library of Raman spectra of pigments with visible excitation,’ Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2001 Vol. 57. DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(00)00495-9). Fig. S13. (A) MA-XRF map of Cu showing only the areas corresponding to the distribution of Cu-based pigment, likely a verdigris (areas corresponding to the ‘bronze’ paint have been subtracted). (B) Photomicrograph taken in Melchior’s robe, showing the green pigment particles. Fig. S14. (A) Detail of the brush-applied outlines as seen in the bull, in the bottom right of Adoration. (B) Photomicrograph taken with visible illumination in the area indicated by the red arrow in (A), in which the overlap of the different-colored outlines is seen. : Fig. S6 Additional File 1: Fig. S6. Fig. S15. Elemental distribution maps acquired by MA-XRF on Adoration: (A) Cu, (B) Zn, (C) Overlay of Cu-Zn (green) and Au (yellow), and (D) Distribution of materials from the old restoration campaign: Cu-Zn (green) and Cr-based pigment, possibly a chrome-oxide (orange). Fig. S16. (A) SEM-BSE image of Sample S7, showing a detail of the ‘bronze’ paint restoration, 988x. The red box indicates the location where the elemental composition shown in Table S4 was acquired by EDS. Fig. S17. Elemental distribution maps acquired by MA-XRF in an area of the upper member of the frame: (A) Cu-Zn overlap and (B) Cu-Zn overlap in green with Au distribution in yellow. Fig. S18. (A) Photomicrograph of Sample S9 taken under visible illumination, original magnification 200x and (B) SEM-BSE image of the sample shown in (A), 141x. (C-J) EDS maps of Hg, S, Pb, Ca, Si, Al, Cl, and K, respectively.