cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Effects of soy milk consumption on gut microbiota, inflammatory markers, and disease severity in patients with ulcerative colitis: a study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Creators: name: Sadeghi, Omid
name: Alireza Milajerdi
name: Siadat, Seyed Davar
name: Keshavarz, Seyed Ali
name: Sima, Ali Reza
name: Vahedi, Homayoon
name: Adibi, Peyman
name: Esmaillzadeh, Ahmad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Comparing responses from web and paper-based collection modes in a choice modelling experiment
Creators: name: Windle, Jill
name: Rolfe, John
name: Windle, Jill
name: Rolfe, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: web-based surveys
subject: internet surveys
subject: paper-based surveys
subject: stated preference
subject: collection mode
subject: choice experiments

description: Comparing responses from web and paper-based collection modes in a choice modelling experiment
Quadrupole moments and hyperfine constants of metastable states of Ca$^+$, Sr$^+$, Ba$^+$, Yb$^+$, Hg$^+$, and Au
Creators: name: Itano, W. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomic quadrupole moments and hyperfine constants of the metastable $^2 D_{3/2, 5/2}$ states of Ca$^+$, Sr$^+$, Ba$^+$, Yb$^+$, and Hg$^+$ are calculated by the multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock and relativistic configuration-interaction methods. For Hg$^+$, the configuration is $5d^9 6s^2$. For the other ions, the configuration consists of a single $d$-electron outside a set of closed shells. Current interest in the quadrupole moments of these states is due to the fact that optical transitions of these ions may be useful as references for frequency standards. Energy shifts of the metastable states due to the interactions of the quadrupole moments with external electric field gradients are among the largest sources of error in these frequency standards. For the quadrupole moments, agreement is obtained to within about 10~% with the available measurements. For the hyperfine constants, good agreement is obtained with measurements and with other calculations, except for the $A$ factors of the $^2D_{5/2}$ states of Sr$^+$, Ba$^+$, and Yb$^+$, where the correlation effects are so large that they reverse the sign of the constant relative to the Dirac-Hartree-Fock value. As a test of the Hg$^+$ calculational methods, quadrupole moments and hyperfine constants are calculated for the $5d^9 6s^2 ^2 D_{3/2, 5/2}$ states in isoelectronic neutral Au. This yields a new value of the nuclear quadrupole moment $Q$($^{197}$Au) = +0.587(29) b.
description: 11 pages. Accepted by Physical Review A Added references. Corrected typos
Comparing a best management practice scorecard with an auction metric to select proposals in a water quality tender
Creators: name: Rolfe, John
name: Windle, Jill
name: Rolfe, John
name: Windle, Jill
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The focus of this paper is to compare different evaluation frameworks for selecting landholder proposals to improve water quality. The case study is a water quality tender performed in the Burdekin region in Northern Australia in 2007/2008 where bids could be assessed using an inputs-based best management practice scorecard or an outputs-based auction metric. The scorecard approach and other variants of multi-criteria analysis are commonly applied in grant schemes, where landholder proposals are rated by a range of inputs-based criteria. Output-based approaches are typically applied in water quality and conservation tenders, where an environmental benefits index is constructed to summarise the cost-effectiveness of each proposal. The case study evaluation reported in this paper demonstrates that multi-criteria analysis type assessments are flawed, and that the efficiency of public funding can be more than doubled by using auction metrics to assess proposals for landholders to improve water quality.
Robustness of deformed catlike states under dissipative decoherence
Creators: name: Belfakir, Abdessamad
name: Belhaj, Adil
name: Hassouni, Yassine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generation of coherent superposition of distinct physical systems and the construction of robust entangled states under decoherence are the most experimental challenges of quantum technologies. In this work, we investigate the behaviors of catlike states of a deformed harmonic oscillator under dissipative decoherence. Varying the deformation parameters, we obtain catlike states having more resistance against decoherence than catlike states of the ordinary harmonic oscillator. Furthermore, we study nonclassical properties and entanglement of different catlike states subjects to decoherence caused by a dissipative interaction with a large environment. Depending on different deformation parameters, we reveal that the nonclassical properties of catlike states under dissipative interaction can be more retarded and preserved in the time.
description: Accepted in Physical Review D
Closing the factory doors until better times: CGE modelling of drought using a theory of excess capacity
Creators: name: Wittwer, Glyn
name: Griffith, Marnie
name: Wittwer, Glyn
name: Griffith, Marnie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The aim of this paper is to analyse the regional economic impacts of a prolonged period of recurrent droughts. The model used for analysis is TERM-H2O, a dynamic successor to the bottom-up, comparative static TERM (The Enormous Regional Model). We concentrate on the regions of the southern Murray-Darling basin. Large change simulations are a challenge for modellers. Drought brings substantial inward supply shifts for farm sectors. This paper outlines various theoretical modifications undertaken to improve the modelling of drought in a computable general equilibrium (CGE) framework and then applies them to the period from 2005–06 on. In particular, we apply a theory of sticky capital adjustment to downstream processing sectors, whereby processors temporarily retire capital in response to scarcer farm products, limiting upward price movements in farm outputs and resulting in more realistic modelling of drought. Results are explained using a back-of-the-envelope approach. This framework allows us to estimate the economic impacts of allowing water trade. In addition, the approach provides some estimate as to the impact of prolonged drought on structural change in predominantly rural regions of south-eastern Australia.
CONSUMER ATTITUDES TOWARDS FAIR TRADE COFFEE
Creators: name: McGarry Wolf, Marianne
name: Romberger, Carissa Leigh
name: McGarry Wolf, Marianne
name: Romberger, Carissa Leigh
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This study examines consumers’ awareness of fair trade coffee and their purchase interest concerning fair trade coffee. The research uses a survey instrument that was administered through the use of a personal interview. The random sample of 200 coffee purchasers was collected in San Luis Obispo County, California. San Luis Obispo County was designated the best test market in the United States by Demographics Daily (Jackoway 2001). San Luis Obispo was found to be the best of 3,141 counties to represent a microcosm of the United States based on 33 statistical indicators. This research uses simulated test marketing research to examine consumer interest in purchasing a branded fair trade coffee and finds that the branded fair trade coffee is appealing to only a small percentage of coffee consumers. Consumers indicate that the very desirable characteristics of coffee when making a purchase decision are: is flavorful, has a rich taste, high in quality, reasonably priced, and is a good value for the money. The fair trade coffee examined in this research rates lower in consumers’ perceptions than the conventionally produced coffee of the same brand on four of the most desirable characteristics: is flavorful, has a rich taste, reasonably priced, and is a good value for the money. Thus, consumers perceive the fair trade product to be inferior.
Color-flavor locked quark stars in energy-momentum squared gravity
Creators: name: Singh, Ksh. Newton
name: Banerjee, Ayan
name: Maurya, S. K.
name: Rahaman, Farook
name: Pradhan, Anirudh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several attempts have been made in the past decades to search for the true ground state of the dense matter at sufficiently large densities and low temperatures via compact astrophysical objects. Focusing on strange stars, we derive the hydrostatic equilibrium assuming a maximally symmetric phase of homogeneous superconducting quark matter called the \textit{color-flavor-locked} (CFL) phase in the background of energy-momentum squared gravity (EMSG). Theoretical and experimental investigations show that strange quark matter (SQM) in a CFL state can be the true ground state of hadronic matter at least for asymptotic densities, and even if the unequal quark masses. Motivated by these theoretical models, we explore the structure of stellar objects in recently proposed EMSG, which allows a correction term $T_{μν}T^{μν}$ in the action functional of the theory. Interestingly, EMSG may be effective to resolve the problems at high energy densities, e.g., relevant to the early universe and dense compact astrophysical objects without invoking some new forms of fluid stress, such as bulk viscosity or scalar fields. Finally, we solve the complicated field equations numerically to obtain the mass-radius relations for strange stars in CFL equation of state.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures; accepted for publication in Phys.Dark Univ
Dimensionality of metallic atomic wires on surfaces
Creators: name: Jeckelmann, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the low-energy collective charge excitations (plasmons, holons) in metallic atomic wires deposited on semiconducting substrates. These systems are described by two-dimensional correlated models representing strongly anisotropic lattices or weakly coupled chains. Well-established theoretical approaches and results are used to study their properties: random phase approximation for anisotropic Fermi liquids and bosonization for coupled Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids as well as Bethe Ansatz and density-matrix renormalization group methods for ladder models. We show that the Fermi and Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theories predict the same qualitative behavior for the dispersion of excitations at long wave lengths. Moreover, their scaling depends on the choice of the effective electron-electron interaction but does not characterize the dimensionality of the metallic state. Our results also suggest that such anisotropic correlated systems can exhibit two-dimensional dispersions due to the coupling between wires but remain quasi-one-dimensional strongly anisotropic conductors or retain typical features of Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids such as the power-law behaviour of the density of states at the Fermi energy. Thus it is possible that atomic wire materials such as Au/Ge(100) exhibit a mixture of features associated with one and two dimensional metals.
Testing heterogeneous anchoring and shift effect in double-bounded models: The case of recreational fishing in Tasmania
Creators: name: Jennings, Sarah
name: Rust, Steven
name: Yamazaki, Satoshi
name: Lyle, Jeremy
name: Jennings, Sarah
name: Rust, Steven
name: Yamazaki, Satoshi
name: Lyle, Jeremy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Contingent valuation
subject: anchoring bias
subject: shift effect
subject: heterogeneity
subject: recreational fishing

description: This paper explores the extent and nature of anchoring and shift effects in a double-bounded contingent valuation of recreational fishing in Tasmania’s inshore saltwater fishery. In particular we model the situation where respondents, when answering the second valuation question, evaluate the bid amount partly with reference to the size of the first bid amount. The estimates of the coefficients and mean WTP for a day of fishing are compared across different contingent valuation models, including a single-bounded model, a conventional double-bounded model and models that control anchoring and exogenous shift effects in both homogeneous and heterogeneous forms. Overall we find consistent evidence of anchoring, but mixed evidence of a shift effect. Results show that both males and females anchor in the same way, but that respondents who have a mainstream view of what recreational fishing represents anchor more strongly than those whose view of fishing is not mainstream. The estimated mean WTP for a day’s recreational fishing is consistently higher in all models which account for bias in responses than in either the single-bounded or double-bounded models. We indicate the possibility that anchoring behaviour may be more complex than is captured in our models and suggest that this needs to be addressed if the results of contingent valuations are to reliably inform resource allocation decisions and recreational fishing management.
Has growth in productivity in Australian broadacre agriculture slowed?
Creators: name: Sheng, Yu
name: Mullen, John D.
name: Zhao, Shiji
name: Sheng, Yu
name: Mullen, John D.
name: Zhao, Shiji
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Total factor productivity
subject: structural change analysis
subject: CUSUM index

description: Agricultural productivity growth has been strong relative to other sectors in the Australian economy, and relative to the agricultural sectors of other developed countries. However, as commonly observed among other developed economies, growth in productivity in the broadacre sector of Australian agriculture seems to have slowed in the past decade. This paper uses the adjusted cumulative sum square (CUSQ) index to examine the trend stability of total factor productivity in Australian broadacre agriculture over the period 1952-53 to 2006-07. The results show that a significant slowdown occurred around the mid-1990s. Further analysis shows that the slowdown in productivity growth is driven by a longterm decline in public R&D investment in addition to poor seasonal conditions in the past decade.
On the Physical Hilbert Space of Loop Quantum Cosmology
Creators: name: Noui, Karim
name: Perez, Alejandro
name: Vandersloot, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present a model of Riemannian loop quantum cosmology with a self-adjoint quantum scalar constraint. The physical Hilbert space is constructed using refined algebraic quantization. When matter is included in the form of a cosmological constant, the model is exactly solvable and we show explicitly that the physical Hilbert space is separable consisting of a single physical state. We extend the model to the Lorentzian sector and discuss important implications for standard loop quantum cosmology.
Spin vortex lattice in the Landau vortex-free state of rotating superfluids
Creators: name: Volovik, G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the Landau vortex-free state in rotating container may give rise to the lattice of spin vortices. We consider this effect on example of spin vortices in magnon Bose-Einstein condensate (the phase coherent spin precession) in the B-phase of superfluid $^3$He, and on example of spin vortices in the polar phase of $^3$He.
description: 4 pages, no figures
Interacting fluids generating identical, dual and phantom cosmologies
Creators: name: Chimento, Luis P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find the group of symmetry transformations generated by interacting fluids in spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) spacetime which links cosmologies with the same scale factor {\it (identity)} or with scale factors $a$ and $a^{-1}$ {\it (duality)}. There exists a duality between contracting and superaccelerated expanding scenarios associated with {\it (phantom)} cosmologies. We investigate the action of this symmetry group on self-interacting minimally(conformally) coupled quintessence and $k$-essence cosmologies.
description: 5 pages, revised version accepted for publication in PLB
Leveraging literals for knowledge graph embeddings
Creators: name: Gesese, Genet Asefa
Publisher: name: CEUR-WS.org
Year: 2021
Subjects: Knowledge Graph Embedding
Knowledge Graph Completion
Link Prediction
Literals
Benchmark Datasets

description: Nowadays, Knowledge Graphs (KGs) have become invaluable for various applications such as named entity recognition, entity linking, question answering. However, there is a huge computational and storage cost associated with these KG-based applications. Therefore, there arises the necessity of transforming the high dimensional KGs into low dimensional vector spaces, i.e., learning representations for the KGs. Since a KG represents facts in the form of interrelations between entities and also using attributes of entities, the semantics present in both forms should be preserved while transforming the KG into a vector space. Hence, the main focus of this thesis is to deal with the multimodality and multilinguality of literals when utilizing them for the representation learning of KGs. The other task is to extract benchmark datasets with a high level of difficulty for tasks such as link prediction and triple classification. These datasets could be used for evaluating both kind of KG Embeddings, those using literals and those which do not include literals.
Evaluating the Cost of Poverty Alleviation Transfer Programs: An Illustration Based on PROGRESA in Mexico
Creators: name: Coady, David P.
name: Perez, Raul
name: Vera-Illamas, Hadid
name: Coady, David P.
name: Perez, Raul
name: Vera-Illamas, Hadid
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: cost efficiency
subject: poverty alleviation
subject: human capital
subject: Mexico

description: One of the common criticisms of poverty alleviation programs is that the high share of administrative (nontransfer) costs substantially reduces the programs’ impact on poverty. But very little empirical evidence exists on program costs. For example, a recent extensive international review of targeted poverty alleviation programs in developing countries could find data on costs for only 32 out of the 111 program reviewed. Even then, the numbers available were not always comparable. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the cost structure of a program recently introduced in Mexico, called PROGRESA. Our analysis shows how cost data can be used as the basis for an evaluation of the cost efficiency of anti-poverty programs. It cautions, however, that one must be very careful when interpreting cost numbers or undertaking comparisons across programs in order to avoid misleading conclusions. Any credible analysis of a program’s cost efficiency must involve a detailed analysis of cost structure and not simply provide aggregate cost information. We also highlight the importance of not neglecting private costs incurred by households in taking up transfers.
Realism, not relativism : a critique of Gilbert Harman
Creators: name: Rawlings, Adam D.H.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis will critique Gilbert Harman's moral relativism. Harman argues for a form of moral relativism he calls a "conventionalist" account of morality. He supports this by defending a view of explanations, a view of simplicity, and a view of the moral "ought." However, the anthropological literature contains strong evidence against his drawing of this relativist conclusion — and in support of a contrary one. According to anthropologists, there is a universal belief in the moral wrongness of incest, the "incest taboo": its existence suggests that Harman may have better supported a form of moral realism than the relativism he endorses. Thus, at the very least, Harman's argument does not prove that relativism is true; more strongly, it may prove that relativism is false, and realism true.
Additional file 4 of Intravenous lidocaine to prevent endothelial dysfunction after major abdominal surgery: a randomized controlled pilot trial
Creators: name: Pustetto, Marco
name: Goldsztejn, Nicolas
name: Touihri, Karim
name: Engelman, Edgard
name: Ickx, Brigitte
name: Obbergh, Luc Van
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4. Consort checklist.
Optimal mass transportation and Mather theory
Creators: name: Bernard, Patrick
name: Buffoni, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49Q20 70H20 49L20

description: We study optimal transportation of measures on compact manifolds for costs defined from convex Lagrangians. We prove that optimal transportation can be interpolated by measured Lipschitz laminations, or geometric currents. The methods are inspired from Mather theory on Lagrangian systems. We make use of viscosity solutions of the associated Hamilton-Jacobi equation in the spirit of Fathi's approach to Mather theory.
DeepGG: a Deep Graph Generator
Creators: name: Stier, Julian
name: Granitzer, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learning distributions of graphs can be used for automatic drug discovery, molecular design, complex network analysis, and much more. We present an improved framework for learning generative models of graphs based on the idea of deep state machines. To learn state transition decisions we use a set of graph and node embedding techniques as memory of the state machine. Our analysis is based on learning the distribution of random graph generators for which we provide statistical tests to determine which properties can be learned and how well the original distribution of graphs is represented. We show that the design of the state machine favors specific distributions. Models of graphs of size up to 150 vertices are learned. Code and parameters are publicly available to reproduce our results.
description: 8 pages condensed preprint with github link, under review
Schematic diagram;J–V characteristics ;AFM images;Bode phase plots and the parameters from The effect of gold quantum dots/grating-coupled surface plasmons in inverted organic solar cells
Creators: name: Kulrisa Kuntamung
name: Patrawadee Yaiwong
name: Chutiparn Lertvachirapaiboon
name: Ishikawa, Ryousuke
name: Shinbo, Kazunari
name: Kato, Keizo
name: Kontad Ounnunkad
name: Baba, Akira
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 30399 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30699 Physical Chemistry not elsewhere classified

description: Schematic diagram of the fabrication process of inverted OSCs.;The J–V characteristics of the flat surface inverted OSCs based on individual AuQDs and compared with the reference cell.;AFM images.;Bode phase plots and the parameters of the fabricated device.
Additional file 1 of Excess free fructose, apple juice, high fructose corn syrup and childhood asthma risk – the National Children’s Study
Creators: name: DeChristopher, Luanne R.
name: Tucker, Katherine L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Flow Chart showing Exclusions and Sample Sizes.
Simulation of adsorbate-induced faceting on curved surfaces
Creators: name: Niewieczerzal, Daniel
name: Oleksy, Czeslaw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple solid-on-solid model, proposed earlier to describe overlayer-induced faceting of bcc(111) surface, is applied to faceting of spherical surfaces covered by adsorbate monolayer. Monte Carlo simulation results show that morphology of faceted surface depends on annealing temperature. At initial stage surface around the [111] pole consists of 3-sided pyramids and step-like facets, then step-like facets dominate and their number decreases with temperature, finally a single big pyramid is formed. It is shown that there is reversible phase transition at which faceted surface transforms to almost spherical one. It is found that temperature of this phase transition is an increasing function of surface curvature. Simulation results show that measurements of high temperature properties performed directly and after fast cooling to low temperature lead to different results.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures
Is Greater Decisionmaking Power of Women Associated With Reduced Gender Discrimination in South Asia?
Creators: name: Smith, Lisa C.
name: Byron, Elizabeth
name: Smith, Lisa C.
name: Byron, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: gender discrimination
subject: nutritional status
subject: Bangladesh
subject: India
subject: Nepal
subject: Pakistan

description: Recent research has shown that improving women’s decisionmaking power relative to men’s within households leads to improvements in a variety of well-being outcomes for children. In South Asia, where the influence of women’s power is particularly strong, these outcomes include children’s nutritional status and the quality of feeding and health care practices. Focusing on nutritional status, this paper presents the results of a study investigating whether increases in women’s power have a stronger positive influence on the nutritional status of their daughters than their sons. If so, then increasing women’s power not only improves the well-being of children as a group, but also serves as a force to reduce long-standing discrimination that undermines female capabilities in many important areas of life as well as human and economic development in general. To investigate this issue, the study draws on Demographic and Health Survey data collected during the 1990s in four countries: Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. The main empirical technique employed is multivariate regression analysis with statistical tests for significant differences in effects for girl and boy children. A total of 30,334 women and 33,316 children under three years old are included in the analysis. The study concludes that, for the South Asia region as a whole, an increase in women’s decisionmaking power relative to men’s, if substantial, would be an effective force for reducing discrimination against girl children. However, this finding is not applicable in all countries and for all areas and age groups of children. Indeed the study finds evidence that in some areas, for instance the northern and western states of India as a group, increasing women’s power would lead to a worsening of gender discrimination against girls. This is likely the result of deeply embedded son preference associated with highly patriarchal social systems. The lesson for policymakers and development practitioners is that while increasing women’s power is likely to improve the well-being of children, in some geographical areas it will not necessarily diminish discrimination against girls, which violates human rights and undermines the region’s economic development and the health of its population. In these areas, to overcome son preference, economic returns to girls will have to be increased and efforts to change customs regarding marriage and inheritance associated with patriarchal kinship systems, which favor males, will have to be made.
A 150MG magnetic white dwarf in the cataclysmic variable RX J1554.2+2721
Creators: name: Gaensicke, B. T.
name: Jordan, S.
name: Beuermann, K.
name: de Martino, D.
name: Szkody, P.
name: Marsh, T.
name: Thorstensen, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of Zeeman-split Lalpha absorption pi and sigma+ lines in the far-ultraviolet Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph spectrum of the magnetic cataclysmic variable RX J1554.2+2721. Fitting the STIS data with magnetic white dwarf model spectra, we derive a field strength of B~144MG and an effective temperature of 17000K
description: 4 pages, accepted for ApJ Letters
Community, Inequality, and Local Public Goods: Evidence From School Financing in South Africa
Creators: name: Yamauchi, Futoshi
name: Mishiyama, Shinichi
name: Yamauchi, Futoshi
name: Mishiyama, Shinichi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: local public goods
subject: school finance
subject: willingness to pay
subject: human capital
subject: South Africa

description: To examine how local income distribution affects both a community’s ability to pay for schooling and the quality of that schooling, this research merges household and school census data from South Africa. Empirical results are twofold. First, while the median income and the average household income increase school fees, inequality in household income (standard deviation) decreases school fees, which indicates that the lower tail of income distribution pulls down school fees. Second, an increase in school fees significantly improves school quality, decreasing the learner-educator ratio and increasing the number of nonsubsidized educators. The result is consistent with (1) strategic behavior of the low-income group and (2) optimal school fee determination with incomplete interhousehold income transfers. Empirical results and simulations demonstrate the possibility that income and asset inequality may reduce the quality of public goods, decreasing human capital and income growth for the next generation.
AdS$_3$ wormholes from a modular bootstrap
Creators: name: Cotler, Jordan
name: Jensen, Kristan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent work we computed the path integral of three-dimensional gravity with negative cosmological constant on spaces which are topologically a torus times an interval. Here we employ a modular bootstrap to show that the amplitude is completely fixed by consistency conditions and a few basic inputs from gravity. This bootstrap is notably for an ensemble of CFTs, rather than for a single instance. We also compare the 3d gravity result with the Narain ensemble. The former is well-approximated at low temperature by a random matrix theory ansatz, and we conjecture that this behavior is generic for an ensemble of CFTs at large central charge with a chaotic spectrum of heavy operators.
description: 20 pages, 1 figure; v2: typos fixed, reference added; v3: published version, minor typo fixed
M-matrices satisfy Newton's inequalities
Creators: name: Holtz, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A42, 15A15, 15A45, 15A48, 15A63, 05E05, 05A10, 05A17, 05A19, 26D05, 65F18

description: Newton's inequalities $c_n^2 \ge c_{n-1}c_{n+1}$ are shown to hold for the normalized coefficients $c_n$ of the characteristic polynomial of any $M$- or inverse $M$-matrix. They are derived by establishing first an auxiliary set of inequalities also valid for both of these classes. They are also used to derive some new necessary conditions on the eigenvalues of nonnegative matrices.
description: 6 pages
High-Fidelity Accelerated MRI Reconstruction by Scan-Specific Fine-Tuning of Physics-Based Neural Networks
Creators: name: Hosseini, Seyed Amir Hossein
name: Yaman, Burhaneddin
name: Moeller, Steen
name: Akçakaya, Mehmet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long scan duration remains a challenge for high-resolution MRI. Deep learning has emerged as a powerful means for accelerated MRI reconstruction by providing data-driven regularizers that are directly learned from data. These data-driven priors typically remain unchanged for future data in the testing phase once they are learned during training. In this study, we propose to use a transfer learning approach to fine-tune these regularizers for new subjects using a self-supervision approach. While the proposed approach can compromise the extremely fast reconstruction time of deep learning MRI methods, our results on knee MRI indicate that such adaptation can substantially reduce the remaining artifacts in reconstructed images. In addition, the proposed approach has the potential to reduce the risks of generalization to rare pathological conditions, which may be unavailable in the training data.
Additional file 2 of Intravenous lidocaine to prevent endothelial dysfunction after major abdominal surgery: a randomized controlled pilot trial
Creators: name: Pustetto, Marco
name: Goldsztejn, Nicolas
name: Touihri, Karim
name: Engelman, Edgard
name: Ickx, Brigitte
name: Obbergh, Luc Van
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Image 2 shows the evolution of StO2 during the test in one participant.
XMM-Newton detection of type I X-ray bursts in M 31
Creators: name: Pietsch, W.
name: Haberl, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We searched for X-ray bursts in XMM-Newton archival data of X-ray sources in M 31 globular clusters (GCs) and GC candidates. We detected two bursts simultaneously in EPIC pn and MOS detectors and some more candidates in EPIC pn. The energy distribution of the burst photons and the intrinsic luminosity during the peak of the bursts indicate that at least the strongest burst was a type I radius expansion burst. The bursts identify the sources as neutron star low mass X-ray binaries in M 31. The type I X-ray bursts in M 31 are the first detected outside the Milky Way and show that with the help of XMM-Newton X-ray bursts can be used to classify neutron star low mass X-ray binaries in Local Group galaxies.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for A&A Letters
Additional file 3 of Intravenous lidocaine to prevent endothelial dysfunction after major abdominal surgery: a randomized controlled pilot trial
Creators: name: Pustetto, Marco
name: Goldsztejn, Nicolas
name: Touihri, Karim
name: Engelman, Edgard
name: Ickx, Brigitte
name: Obbergh, Luc Van
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Image 3 shows the evolution of the brachial artery diameter and shear rate during a test in one participant.
Alternative signaling pathways of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor
Creators: name: Ehses, Jan A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) regulates pancreatic β -cell function by binding to its cognate Family B, G protein-coupled receptor and elevating intracellular cAMP and Ca2 + . The main rationale for the studies described in this Thesis was that multiple interacting intracellular signal transduction pathways were proposed to mediate GIP's pleiotropic actions on the pancreatic β-cell. Moreover, the ability of GIP to potentiate insulin secretion is blunted in some type 2 diabetics, implying potential defects at the receptor signaling level. Therefore, the major aim was to characterize further the intricate network of GIP receptor signaling pathways underlying β-cell processes using β-cell models. Using GIP receptor-transfected CHO-K1 cells and βTC-3 and INS-1 tumour cell lines, it was possible to correlate GIP receptor activation with the regulation of lipid signaling (arachidonic acid release), K + ATP channel-independent events, MAP kinase signaling (Raf->Mekl/2->ERKl/2->p90RSK and p38 MAPK), and CREB signaling. These events were demonstrated to be functionally relevant for insulin secretion, cell growth and survival (MAPK signaling), and insulin gene transcription (CREB signaling) respectively. Through insulin secretion studies and pharmacological approaches, GIP was shown to regulate the secretion of insulin via activation of PLA2 and K+ATP channel-independent mechanisms in βTC-3 cells. In an attempt to elucidate novel signals coupled to the GIP receptor, we examined the expression of 75 protein kinases and 25 protein phosphatases in CHO-K1, βTC-3, and INS-1 cells. This has allowed the partial mapping of intracellular signal transduction pathways for these cell models. From this, GIP receptor coupled signaling events were studied using phospho-specific antibodies, transfection techniques, pharmacological inhibitors, and gene reporter assays. Studies in CHO-K1 cells expressing the GIP receptor and in INS-1 B-cells have implicated cAMP/PKA signaling in the regulation of the mitogenic ERK 1/2 module, Raf->Mekl/2->ERKl/2->p90RSK. Results further suggest that the GIP receptor is coupled to β-cell survival via cAMP mediated inhibition of p38 MAPK and caspase-3 activity. Finally, coupling of the GIP receptor to rat insulin promoter activity was shown to occur via cAMP/PKA and a CREB family transcription factor. These events were found to be independent of phosphoregulation of S133 CREB/S117 CREM/S63 ATF-1, and suggest that the tightly regulated phosphorylation of these transcription factors by GIP may be involved in novel signals regulating β-cell function.
Linearly polarized X-ray flares following short gamma-ray bursts
Creators: name: Fan, Y. Z.
name: Zhang, Bing
name: Proga, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Soft X-ray flares were detected to follow the short-duration gamma-ray burst GRB 050724. The temporal properties of the flares suggest that they are likely due to the late time activity of the central engine. We argue that if short GRBs are generated through compact star mergers, as is supported by the recent observations, the jet powering the late X-ray flares must be launched via magnetic processes rather than via neutrino-antineutrino annihilations. As a result, the X-ray flares following short GRBs are expected to be linearly polarized. The argument may also apply to the X-ray flares following long GRBs. Future observations with the upcoming X-ray polarimeters will test this prediction.
description: 4 pages (no figure), accepted for publication in ApJL, typos corrected
Optimal Contracting for Cattle Feeding: An Assessment of Climatic Conditions
Creators: name: Rahman, Shaikh Mahfuzur
name: Rahman, Shaikh Mahfuzur
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Cattle
subject: Feeding
subject: Contracts
subject: Climate

description: A unique approach using a biophysical growth model from the animal science literature is used to examine optimal contract cattle feeding behavior under alternative climatic conditions. The examination of incentives and outcomes in an unusually comprehensive contract parameter and behavioral space is made possible by combining simulated feedlot and carcass performance of a large set of cattle with public price and weather data. The model uniquely fits typical risk aversion levels and rationalizes existing contract types. The results show that optimal cattle feeding contract varies with climatic condition, but there is a tendency to replace cost-of-gain contracts with yardage-feed contracts as grid pricing has emerged.
Arbitrary spatial mode sorting in a multimode fiber
Creators: name: Defienne, Hugo
name: Faccio, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sorting spatial optical modes is a key challenge that underpins many applications from super-resolved imaging to high-dimensional quantum key distribution. However, to date implementations of optical mode sorters only operate on specific sets of modes, such as those carrying orbital angular momentum, and therefore lack versatility with respect to operation with an arbitrary spatial basis. Here, we demonstrate an arbitrary spatial mode sorter by harnessing the random mode mixing process occurring during light propagation in a multimode fibre by wavefront shaping. By measuring the transmission matrix of the fibre, we show sorting of up to $25$ transverse spatial modes of the Fourier, Laguerre-Gaussian and a random basis to an arbitrary set of positions at the output. Our approach provides a spatial mode sorter that is compact, easy-to-fabricate, programmable and usable with any spatial basis, which is promising for quantum and classical information science.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Controlled low-temperature molecular manipulation of sexiphenyl molecules on Ag(111) using scanning tunneling microscopy
Creators: name: Hla, Saw-Wai
name: Braun, Kai-Felix
name: Wassermann, Bernhard
name: Rieder, Karl-Heinz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel scanning tunneling microscope manipulation scheme for a controlled molecular transport of weakly adsorbed molecules is demonstrated. Single sexiphenyl molecules adsorbed on a Ag(111) surface at 6 K are shot towards single silver-atoms by excitation with the tip. To achieve atomically straight shooting paths, an electron resonator consisting of linear standing wave fronts is constructed. The sexiphenyl manipulation signals reveal a pi-ring flipping as the molecule moves from hcp to fcc site. Abinitio calculations show an incorporation of the Ag atom below the center of a pi-ring.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
Evidence for top quark production in nucleus-nucleus collisions
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions recreate in the laboratory the thermodynamical conditions prevailing in the early universe up to 10$^{-6}$ seconds, thereby allowing the study of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter with deconfined partons. The top quark, the heaviest elementary particle known, is accessible in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN LHC, and constitutes a novel probe of the QGP. Here, we report the first-ever evidence for the production of top quarks in nucleus-nucleus collisions, using lead-lead collision data at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment. Two methods are used to measure the cross section for top quark pair production ($σ_\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$) via the decay into charged leptons (electrons or muons) and bottom quarks. One method relies on the leptonic information alone, and the second one exploits, in addition, the presence of bottom quarks. The measured cross sections, $σ_\mathrm{t\bar{t}} = $ 2.54 $^{+0.84}_{-0.74}$ and 2.03 $^{+0.71}_{-0.64}$ $μ$b, respectively, are compatible with expectations from scaled proton-proton data and QCD predictions.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIN-19-001 (CMS Public Pages)
Reconciling Theoretical Hedging Models with the Experience of Cotton Merchants in March 2008
Creators: name: Janzen, Joseph P.
name: Janzen, Joseph P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Futures
subject: Hedging
subject: Liquidity constraints
subject: Cotton

description: Analysis of the cotton futures price spike and its effects on commercial hedgers suggest that we do not completely understand the behavior of markets and firms in periods of extreme volatility. After presenting the story of the cotton futures price spike, this paper argues that explanations related to the funding liquidity of firms and the liquidity of the markets themselves may help us better understand market volatility. A simple model of futures market equilibrium in the presence of liquidity constraints demonstrates how prices can spike as fast as they did and why such spikes can drive firms to exit.
Electronic Structure and Bulk Spin Valve Behavior in Ca$_3$Ru$_2$O$_7$
Creators: name: Singh, D. J.
name: Auluck, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report density functional calculations of the magnetic properties and Fermiology of Ca$_3$Ru$_2$O$_7$. The ground state consists of ferromagnetic bilayers, stacked antiferromagnetically. The bilayers are almost but not exactly half-metallic. In the ferromagnetic state opposite spin polarizations are found for in-plane and out-of-plane transport. Relatively high out of plane conductivity is found for the majority spin, which is relatively weakly conductive in-plane. In the ground state in-plane quantities are essentially the same, but the out of plane transport is strongly reduced.
description: 5 pages