cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Constraints on the formation mechanism of the planetary mass companion of 2MASS 1207334-393254
Creators: name: Lodato, G.
name: Delgado-Donate, E.
name: Clarke, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we discuss the nature and the possible formation scenarios of the companion of the brown dwarf 2MASS 1207334-393254. We initially discuss the basic physical properties of this object and conclude that, although from its absolute mass ($5M_{\rm Jup}$), it is a planetary object, in terms of its mass ratio $q$ and of its separation $a$ with respect to the primary brown dwarf, it is consistent with the statistical properties of binaries with higher primary mass. We then explore the possible formation mechanism for this object. We show that the standard planet formation mechanism of core accretion is far too slow to form this object within 10 Myr, the observed age of the system. On the other hand, the alternative mechanism of gravitational instability (proposed both in the context of planet and of binary formation) may, in principle, work and form a system with the observed properties.
description: 5 pages, MNRAS in press
Additional file 1 of The effect of cash transfers on mental health – new evidence from South Africa
Creators: name: Ohrnberger, Julius
name: Fichera, Eleonora
name: Sutton, Matt
name: Anselmi, Laura
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
AdS instability: resonant system for gravitational perturbations of AdS${}_5$ in the cohomogeneity-two biaxial Bianchi IX ansatz
Creators: name: Hunik-Kostyra, Dominika
name: Rostworowski, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider five-dimensional, vacuum Einstein equations with negative cosmological constant within cohomogenity-two biaxial Bianchi IX ansatz. This model allows to investigate the stability of AdS without adding any matter to the energy-momentum tensor, thus analyzing instability of genuine gravtational degrees of freedom. We derive the resonant system and identify vanishing secular terms. The results resemble those obtained for Einstein equations coupled to a spherically-symmetric, massless scalar field, backing the evidence that the scalar field model captures well the relevant features of AdS instability problem. We also list recurrence relations for the interaction coefficients of the resonant system, which might be useful in both numerical simulations and further analytical studies.
description: 40 pages, no figures
Additional file 1 of Improving cytosolic aspartate biosynthesis increases glucoamylase production in Aspergillus niger under oxygen limitation
Creators: name: Weiqiang Cao
name: Wang, Guan
name: Hongzhong Lu
name: Liming Ouyang
name: Chu, Ju
name: Yufei Sui
name: Yingping Zhuang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Amino acid contents of biomass protein and glucoamylase.
Rigorous bounds on dynamical response functions and time-translation symmetry breaking
Creators: name: Medenjak, Marko
name: Prosen, Tomaz
name: Zadnik, Lenart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical response functions are standard tools for probing local physics near the equilibrium. They provide information about relaxation properties after the equilibrium state is weakly perturbed. In this paper we focus on systems which break the assumption of thermalization by exhibiting persistent temporal oscillations. We provide rigorous bounds on the Fourier components of dynamical response functions in terms of extensive or local dynamical symmetries, i.e. extensive or local operators with periodic time dependence. Additionally, we discuss the effects of spatially inhomogeneous dynamical symmetries. The bounds are explicitly implemented on the example of an interacting Floquet system, specifically in the integrable Trotterization of the Heisenberg XXZ model.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures, slightly revised version with new references
Extremal limit for charged and rotating 2+1-dimensional black holes and Bertotti-Robinson geometry
Creators: name: Matyjasek, Jerzy
name: Zaslavskii, O. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider 2+1--dimensional analogues of the Bertotti-Robinson (BR) spacetimes in the sense that the coefficient at the angular part is a constant. We show that such BR-like solutions are either pure static or uncharged rotating. We trace the origin of the inconsistency between a charge and rotation, considering the BR-like spacetime as a result of the limiting transition of a non-extremal black hole to the extremal state. We also find that the quasilocal energy and angular momentum of such BR-like spacetimes calculated within the boundary $l=const$ ($l$ is the proper distance) are constants independent of the position of the boundary.
description: Presentation simplified. To appear in CQG
Shifting To Sustainable Drinking Water Consumption At UBC: A Social Marketing Plan
Creators: name: Sadowski, Rosalind
name: Willock, Angela
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Hemispheric handedness in the Galactic synchrotron polarization foreground
Creators: name: Brandenburg, Axel
name: Brüggen, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The large-scale magnetic field of the Milky Way is thought to be created by an alpha-Omega dynamo, which implies that it should have opposite handedness North and South of the Galactic midplane. Here we attempt to detect a variation in handedness using polarization data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe. Previous analyzes of the parity-even and parity-odd parts of linear polarization of the global dust and synchrotron emission have focused on quadratic correlations in spectral space of, and between, these two components. Here, by contrast, we analyze the parity-odd polarization itself and show that it has, on average, opposite signs in Northern and Southern Galactic hemispheres. Comparison with a Galactic mean-field dynamo model shows broad qualitative agreement and reveals that the sign of the observed hemispheric dependence of the azimuthally averaged parity-odd polarization is not determined by the sign of alpha, but by the sense of differential rotation.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, submitted to ApJL
Mobility gap in intermediate valent TmSe
Creators: name: Dumm, M.
name: Gorshunov, B.
name: Dressel, M.
name: Matsumura, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The infrared optical conductivity of intermediate valence compound TmSe reveals clear signatures for hybridization of light $d$- and heavy f-electronic states with m* ~ 1.6 m_0 and m* ~ 16 m_0, respectively. At moderate and high temperatures, the metal-like character of the heavy carriers dominate the low-frequency response while at low temperatures (T_N < T < 100 K) a gap-like feature is observed in the conductivity spectra below 10 meV which is assigned to be a mobility gap due to localization of electrons on local Kondo singlets, rather than a hybridization gap in the density of states.
STRATEGIC DELAY IN A REAL OPTIONS MODEL OF R&D COMPETITION
Creators: name: Weeds, Helen
name: Weeds, Helen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: real options
subject: preemption
subject: R&D
subject: investment

description: This paper considers irreversible investment in competing research projects with uncertain returns under a winner-takes-all patent system. Uncertainty takes two distinct forms: the technological success of the project is probabilistic, while the economic value of the patent to be won evolves stochastically over time. According to the theory of real options uncertainty generates an option value of delay, but with two competing firms the fear of preemption would appear to undermine this approach. In non-cooperative equilibrium two patterns of investment emerge depending on parameter values. In a preemptive leader-follower equilibrium firms invest sequentially and option values are reduced by competition. A symmetric outcome may also occur, however, in which investment is more delayed than the single-firm counterpart. Comparing this with the optimal cooperative investment pattern, investment is found to be more delayed when firms act non-cooperatively, as each holds back from investing in the fear of starting a patent race. Implications of the analysis for empirical and policy issues in R&D are considered
Interaction signatures and non-Gaussian photon states from a strongly driven atomic ensemble coupled to a nanophotonic waveguide
Creators: name: Olmos, B.
name: Buonaiuto, G.
name: Schneeweiss, P.
name: Lesanovsky, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically a laser-driven one-dimensional chain of atoms interfaced with the guided optical modes of a nanophotonic waveguide. The period of the chain and the orientation of the laser field can be chosen such that emission occurs predominantly into a single guided mode. We find that the fluorescence excitation line shape changes as the number of atoms is increased, eventually undergoing a splitting that provides evidence for the waveguide-mediated all-to-all interactions. Remarkably, in the regime of strong driving the light emitted into the waveguide is non-classical, with a significant negativity of the associated Wigner function. We show that both the emission properties and the non-Gaussian character of the light are robust against voids in the atom chain, enabling the experimental study of these effects with present-day technology. Our results offer a route towards novel types of fiber-coupled quantum light sources and an interesting perspective for probing the physics of interacting atomic ensembles through light.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
title: Adult learners, educational change and public libraries in the Netherlands, 1969-1991
Creators: name: Dale, Sheila M.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2003

description: This study examines the extent to which the educational potential of public libraries was recognized by the educationalists and politicians attempting to open up educational opportunities in the Netherlands in the period 1969-1991, and by the library profession itself in its reaction and responses, and demonstrates that the full realization of the educational potential of public libraries depends not on the vision and will of the library profession alone, nor entirely on the attitudes of adult educators. The governmental structure within which libraries are situated, the relation of this to the structure for the education of adults, and political and economic circumstances are also crucial factors.

The study is thus concerned with the history of an idea (the concept of continuing education) and the reaction of a profession to this idea and its implementation. The latter is traced in terms of the profession's views on its own role and contribution to the introduction of educational change, and the extent to which it failed or succeeded in its response. The emphasis is on libraries in relation to educational change rather than educational change per SB, and principally on non-traditional students. The study is both descriptive and analytical, operating at the societal as well as the institutional level.

Although the period under review is 1969-1991, from time to time earlier periods are touched on, as necessary background. Similarly, although the study is situated in the Netherlands, occasional comparisons (direct or implicit) are made with Great Britain.

The method used is that of systematic literature review. A strong secondary aim of the study was to open up the literature on the topic, which is mainly in the Dutch language. This has been done by detailed summarizing and quoting (in translation) of the relevant documents.
SLEEPING PATENTS AND COMPULSORY LICENSING: AN OPTIONS ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Weeds, Helen
name: Weeds, Helen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Real options
subject: R&D
subject: sleeping patents
subject: compulsory licensing

description: Why should a firm wish to create a new technology that it will leave unexploited for some time? Sleeping patents have long been perceived as anticompetitive devices, used by dominant firms to block entry into their market. In a real options framework with both economic and technological uncertainty, we show that a sleeping patent may arise as the result of optimal forward-looking behavior, in the absence of any anticompetitive motive. We also consider the effect of possible measures to enforce the development of sleeping patents and find that these are likely to harm incentives for firms to engage in research.
Supersymmetric pairing of kinks for polynomial nonlinearities
Creators: name: Rosu, H. C.
name: Cornejo-Perez, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how one can obtain kink solutions of ordinary differential equations with polynomial nonlinearities by an efficient factorization procedure directly related to the factorization of their nonlinear polynomial part. We focus on reaction-diffusion equations in the travelling frame and damped-anharmonic-oscillator equations. We also report an interesting pairing of the kink solutions, a result obtained by reversing the factorization brackets in the supersymmetric quantum mechanical style. In this way, one gets ordinary differential equations with a different polynomial nonlinearity possessing kink solutions of different width but propagating at the same velocity as the kinks of the original equation. This pairing of kinks could have many applications. We illustrate the mathematical procedure with several important cases, among which the generalized Fisher equation, the FitzHugh-Nagumo equation, and the polymerization fronts of microtubules
description: 13 pages, 2 figures, revised during the 2nd week of Dec. 2004
Coupled plasmon-phonon modes in a two-dimensional electron gas in the presence of Rashba effect
Creators: name: Xu, W.
name: Das, M. P.
name: Lin, L. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elementary electronic excitation is studied theoretically for a 2DEG in the presence of spin orbit (SO) interaction induced by Rashba effect. In such a system, coupled plasmon-phonon excitation can be achieved via intra- and inter-SO electronic transitions. As a result, six branches of the coupled plasmon-phonon oscillations can be observed. The interesting features of these excitation modes are analyzed.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
‘REVERSE HYSTERESIS’: R&D INVESTMENT WITH STOCHASTIC INNOVATION
Creators: name: Weeds, Helen
name: Weeds, Helen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Real options
subject: R&D
subject: investment
subject: hysteresis

description: We consider optimal investment behavior for a firm facing both technological and economic uncertainty, in the context of a research project with unpredictable outcomes. The optimal investment strategy, in the form of a pair of trigger points for investment and abandonment, is derived. As in Dixit (1989), the investment trigger exceeds the Marshallian investment point. However the abandonment trigger may exceed the Marshallian exit point, in contrast to the Dixit result, giving rise to ‘reverse hysteresis.’ Thus the firm tends to abandon research rapidly as profitability declines, at times despite the existence of positive expected profits. The model also provides a unified framework encompassing two existing models as limiting cases.
COMPUTING POWER INDICES FOR LARGE VOTING GAMES
Creators: name: Leech, Dennis
name: Leech, Dennis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Political Economy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Voting
subject: Weighted Voting
subject: Power Index
subject: Weighted Majority Game
subject: Empirical Game Theory

description: Voting Power Indices enable the analysis of the distribution of power in a legislature or voting body in which different members have different numbers of votes. Although this approach to the measurement of power, based on co-operative game theory, has been known for a long time its empirical application has been to some extent limited, in part by the difficulty of computing the indices when there are many players. This paper presents new algorithms for computing the power indices of Shapley and Shubik and of Banzhaf, that are essentially modifications of approximation methods due to Owen, and have been shown to work well in real applications. They are of most utility in situations where both the number of players is large and their voting weights are very concentrated, some members having considerably larger numbers of votes than others, where Owen's approximation methods are least accurate.
The appearance of a compact jet in the soft-intermediate state of 4U 1543-47
Creators: name: Russell, D. M.
name: Casella, P.
name: Kalemci, E.
name: Motlagh, A. Vahdat
name: Saikia, P.
name: Pirbhoy, S. F.
name: Maitra, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advancements in the understanding of jet-disc coupling in black hole candidate X-ray binaries (BHXBs) have provided close links between radio jet emission and X-ray spectral and variability behaviour. In 'soft' X-ray states the jets are suppressed, but the current picture lacks an understanding of the X-ray features associated with the quenching or recovering of these jets. Here we show that a brief, ~4 day infrared (IR) brightening during a predominantly soft X-ray state of the BHXB 4U 1543-47 is contemporaneous with a strong X-ray Type B quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO), a slight spectral hardening and an increase in the rms variability, indicating an excursion to the soft-intermediate state (SIMS). This IR 'flare' has a spectral index consistent with optically thin synchrotron emission and most likely originates from the steady, compact jet. This core jet emitting in the IR is usually only associated with the hard state, and its appearance during the SIMS places the 'jet line' between the SIMS and the soft state in the hardness-intensity diagram for this source. IR emission is produced in a small region of the jets close to where they are launched (~ 0.1 light-seconds), and the timescale of the IR flare in 4U 1543-47 is far too long to be caused by a single, discrete ejection. We also present a summary of the evolution of the jet and X-ray spectral/variability properties throughout the whole outburst, constraining the jet contribution to the X-ray flux during the decay.
description: Accepted to MNRAS. 11 pages, 6 figures
V445 Puppis -- Helium nova on a massive white dwarf
Creators: name: Kato, Mariko
name: Hachisu, Izumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 2000 outburst of V445 Puppis shows unique properties, such as absence of hydrogen, enrichment of helium and carbon, slow development of the light curve with a small amplitude that does not resemble any classical novae. This object has been suggested to be the first example of helium novae. We calculate theoretical light curves of helium novae and reproduce the observational light curve of V445 Pup. Modeling indicates a very massive white dwarf (WD), more massive than 1.3 Msun. The companion star is possibly either a helium star or a helium-rich main-sequence star. We estimate the ignition mass as several times 10^{-5} Msun, the corresponding helium accretion rate as several times 10^{-7} Msun yr^{-1}, and the recurrence period as several tens of years. These values suggest that the WD is growing in mass and ends up either a Type Ia supernova or an accretion induced collapse to a neutron star.
description: 6 pages including 3 figures, to appear in ApJL
The impact of fallback on the compact remnants and chemical yields of core-collapse supernovae
Creators: name: Chan, Conrad
name: Mueller, Bernhard
name: Heger, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fallback in core-collapse supernovae plays a crucial role in determining the properties of the compact remnants and of the ejecta composition. We perform three-dimensional simulations of mixing and fallback for selected non-rotating supernova models to study how explosion energy and asymmetries correlate with the remnant mass, remnant kick, and remnant spin. We find that the strongest kick and spin is imparted by partial fallback in an asymmetric explosion. Black hole (BH) kicks of several hundred $\mathrm{km}\,\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ and spin parameters of $\mathord{\sim}0.25$ can be obtained in this scenario. If the initial explosion energy barely exceeds the envelope binding energy, stronger fallback results, and the remnant kick and spin remain small. If the explosion energy is high with respect to the envelope binding energy, there is little fallback with a small effect on the remnant kick, but the spin-up by fallback can be substantial. For a non-rotating $12\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$ progenitor, we find that the neutron star (NS) is spun up to millisecond periods. The high specific angular momentum of the fallback material can also lead to disk formation around black holes. Fallback may thus be a pathway towards millisecond-magnetar or collapsar-type engines for hypernovae and gamma-ray bursts that does not require rapid progenitor rotation. Within our small set of simulations, none reproduced the peculiar layered fallback necessary to explain the metal-rich iron-poor composition of many carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars. Models with different explosion energy and different realisations of asymmetries may, however, be compatible with CEMP abundance patterns.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Breaking the mass / anisotropy degeneracy in the Coma cluster
Creators: name: Mamon, Gary A.
name: Lokas, Ewa L.
name: Sanchis, Teresa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide the first direct lifting of the mass/anisotropy degeneracy for a cluster of galaxies, by jointly fitting the line of sight velocity dispersion and kurtosis profiles of the Coma cluster, assuming an NFW tracer density profile, a generalized-NFW dark matter profile and a constant anisotropy profile. We find that the orbits in Coma must be quasi-isotropic, and find a mass consistent with previous analyses, but a concentration parameter 50% higher than expected in cosmological N-body simulations. We then test the accuracy of our method on realistic non-spherical systems with substructure and streaming motions, by applying it to the ten most massive structures in a cosmological N-body simulation. We find that our method yields fairly accurate results on average (within 20%), although with a wide variation (factor 1.7 at 1 sigma) for the concentration parameter, with decreased accuracy and efficiency when the projected mean velocity is not constant with radius.
description: 5 pages, oral presentation at IAU Colloquium 195, Outskirts of Galaxy Clusters: intense life in the suburbs, ed. A. Diaferio
Do Elections Always Motivate Incumbents?
Creators: name: Le Borgne, Eric
name: Lockwood, Ben
name: Le Borgne, Eric
name: Lockwood, Ben
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Political Economy
subject: Public Economics
subject: Career Concerns
subject: Elections
subject: Citizen-Candidate
subject: Experimentation
subject: Tournaments
subject: Political Business Cycles

description: This paper studies a principal-agent model of the relationship between o¢ceholders and the electorate, where the o¢ce-holder is initially uninformed about her ability (following Holmström, 1999). If o¢ce-holder e¤ort and ability interact in the “production function” that determines performance in o¢ce, then an o¢ce-holder has an incentive to experiment, i.e. raise e¤ort so that performance becomes a more accurate signal of her ability. Elections reduce the experimentation e¤ect, and the reduction in this e¤ect may more than o¤set the positive “career concerns” e¤ect of elections on e¤ort. Moreover, when this occurs, appointment of o¢cials (random selection from the citizenry and tenure) may Pareto-dominate elections.
Determining the Neutrino Lifetime from Cosmology
Creators: name: Chacko, Zackaria
name: Dev, Abhish
name: Du, Peizhi
name: Poulin, Vivian
name: Tsai, Yuhsin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the cosmological signals of theories in which the neutrinos decay into invisible dark radiation after becoming non-relativistic. We show that in this scenario, near-future large scale structure measurements from the Euclid satellite, when combined with cosmic microwave background data from Planck, may allow an independent determination of both the lifetime of the neutrinos and the sum of their masses. These parameters can be independently determined because the Euclid data will cover a range of redshifts, allowing the growth of structure over time to be tracked. If neutrinos are stable on cosmological timescales, these observations can improve the lower limit on the neutrino lifetime by seven orders of magnitude, from $\mathcal{O}(10)$ years to $2\times 10^8$ years ($95\%$ C.L.), without significantly affecting the measurement of neutrino mass. On the other hand, if neutrinos decay after becoming non-relativistic but on timescales less than $\mathcal{O}(100)$ million years, these observations may allow, not just the first measurement of the sum of neutrino masses, but also the determination of the neutrino lifetime from cosmology.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Schizotricha crassa Pena Cantero and Vervoort 2004
Creators: name: Peña Cantero, A. L.
name: Vervoort, W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Halopterididae
Schizotricha
Schizotricha crassa

description: Schizotricha crassa Peña Cantero and Vervoort, 2004
 Schizotricha crassa Peña Cantero and Vervoort 2004a, p 30 –32, Figure 1.
 Material examined. 12/1003, one stem fragment ca 50 mm long, with gonothecae (USNM 1012901); 575/061, numerous unbranched stems up to 220 mm high, with gonothecae (USNM 1012902, RMNH-Coel. 30915, MNCN 2.03 /313); 575/070, two broken stems (largest fragment ca 130 mm long), with gonothecae (holotype, USNM 1012900; paratype, RMNH-Coel. 30916); 575/074, one basally truncated stem ca 150 mm high (USNM 1012903); 7/499, several stem fragments up to 105 mm long, with gonothecae (USNM 1012904, RMNH-Coel. 30917).
 Diagnosis. Colonies with unbranched stems. Main cauline tube with single hydrothecate internodes with two to five infrathecal nematothecae and occasionally with extra suprathecal nematotheca. Without node between cauline apophyses and hydrocladia; occasionally, however, present and then cauline apophyses with two or three nematothecae. Hydrocladia up to 12th order. Hydrocladia divided into hydrothecate internodes. Unforked hydrocladial internode with one or two infrathecal nematothecae at approximately same level. Hydrotheca deep. Forked hydrocladial internodes with one to three infrathecal nematothecae; hydrocladial apophyses with two or three nematothecae.
 Remarks. The material of this species was previously described and figured by Peña Cantero and Vervoort (2004a). Schizotricha crassa is characterized by the usual absence of a node between cauline apophyses and hydrocladia, the strong development of perisarc, the angle of ca 90 u formed by the cauline apophyses, the high degree of hydrocladial branching, the strongly arched structure of the hydrocladia which, due also to the acute angle formed by the cauline apophyses, stand on the same side of the stem, and the characteristic shape of the male gonothecae, which have a relatively long and thin basal chamber.
Sometimes double hydrocladial internodes are present, provided with two hydrothecae, each with the typical set of nematothecae.
 Ecology and distribution. Schizotricha crassa was collected at depths from 93 to 238 m. Fertile colonies were found in March, May and June. It is used as a substratum by Sertularella sp. Schizotricha crassa seems to be endemic in West Antarctica, having been collected NE of Joinville Island, in the Antarctic Peninsula area, south of the South Orkney Islands, and off Visokoi and Zavodovski Islands, in the South Sandwich Archipelago (cf. Peña Cantero and Vervoort 2004a).
description: Published as part of Peña Cantero, A. L. & Vervoort, W., 2005, Species of Schizotricha Allman, 1883 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Halopterididae) from US Antarctic expeditions with the description of two new species, pp. 795-818 in Journal of Natural History 39 (11) on pages 801-803, DOI: 10.1080/00222930400001541, http://zenodo.org/record/4657775
Enhancing CHBE Indoor Air Quality: Biowall Technology
Creators: name: Curtis, Lindsey
name: Stuart, Maggie
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
IS COMPREHENSIVE EDUCATION REALLY FREE? A CASE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL ADMISSIONS POLICIES ON HOUSE PRICES IN ONE LOCAL AREA
Creators: name: Leech, Dennis
name: Campos, Erick
name: Leech, Dennis
name: Campos, Erick
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: This study investigates the question of whether house prices are higher in the catchment area of popular and heavily oversubscribed secondary schools. It is often claimed that parents are willing to pay more for housing in order to secure a choice of school for their children. Advertisements for houses for sale often mention the school catchment area if it is a popular one. This question has not previously been examined by means of a rigorous statistical analysis and the only evidence we have on it is anecdotal. This study test for such effects using a sample based on two popular comprehensive schools, in one local authority, Coventry, that are regularly oversubscribed. It compares prices of houses for sale in their catchment areas with those of neighbouring schools, using statistical techniques to allow for differences in the house size and quality. The basic data consists of a sample of 248 houses for sale in July 2000. It finds that houses are more expensive in the catchment areas of these two schools, after having taken account of all the other factors that influence house prices. Houses in the Coundon Court catchment area are found to be about 20 percent more expensive than outside. For an average house in the Coundon area this increases its price by about £10,000 and for an average house in Allesley by about twice that. Houses in the Finham Park catchment area are about 16 percent more expensive which adds about £16,000 to the price of an average house in Earlsdon.
Amiota (Amiota) palpifera Okada 1971
Creators: name: Chen, Hong-Wei
name: Watabe, Hide-Aki
name: Gao, Jian-Jun
name: Takamori, Hisaki
name: Zhang, Ya-Ping
name: Aotsuka, Tadashi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Amiota
Amiota palpifera

description: Amiota (Amiota) palpifera Okada
 Amiota (Amiota) palpifera Okada, 1971: 89; Chen and Toda, 2001: 1533.
description: Published as part of Chen, Hong-Wei, Watabe, Hide-Aki, Gao, Jian-Jun, Takamori, Hisaki, Zhang, Ya-Ping & Aotsuka, Tadashi, 2005, Species diversity of the subgenus Amiota (s. str.) Loew, 1862 (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in southern China, pp. 265-310 in Journal of Natural History 39 (3) on page 276, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001657883, http://zenodo.org/record/4657896
International Food Security Assessment, 2022–32
Creators: name: Zereyesus, Yacob Abrehe
name: Cardell, Lila
name: Valdes, Constanza
name: Ajewole, Kayode
name: Zeng, Wendy
name: Beckman, Jayson
name: Ivanic, Maros
name: Hashad, Reem N.
name: Jelliffe, Jeremy
name: Kee, Jennifer
name: Zereyesus, Yacob Abrehe
name: Cardell, Lila
name: Valdes, Constanza
name: Ajewole, Kayode
name: Zeng, Wendy
name: Beckman, Jayson
name: Ivanic, Maros
name: Hashad, Reem N.
name: Jelliffe, Jeremy
name: Kee, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Public Economics
subject: Calories
subject: Coronavirus
subject: COVID-19
subject: Ukraine
subject: food demand
subject: food insecurity
subject: food prices
subject: income
subject: inflation
subject: nutritional threshold
subject: pandemic
subject: Asia
subject: Latin America and the Caribbean
subject: North Africa
subject: Sub-Saharan Africa
subject: U.S. Department of Agriculture
subject: USDA
subject: Economic Research Service
subject: ERS

description: Millions of people around the world are food insecure and do not have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs for an active and healthy life. Using a demand-driven international food security assessment model, this report helps the U.S. Department of Agriculture and its stakeholders estimate food security trends in 77 low- and middle-income countries. Food security in countries covered in the International Food Security Assessment (IFSA) report is expected to deteriorate in 2022 due to the continued effects of the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic and high food commodity prices that have been intensified by the Russian military invasion of Ukraine. The number of food insecure people in 2022 is estimated at 1.3 billion in the 77 low- and middle-income countries covered by this assessment, an increase of 9.8 percent (118.7 million people) from the 2021 estimate. This increase implies that 32.9 percent of the population of the countries in the assessment may be unable to consume 2,100 kilocalories a day, an average caloric level necessary to sustain a healthy and active lifestyle. However, over the next 10 years, food security is projected to improve in all countries analyzed by this assessment. By 2032, the number of food insecure people in the 77 IFSA countries is projected to be 577.3 million and falling to 12.4 percent of the population (62.5 percent less than in 2022). Given the evolving nature of the conflict in Ukraine and a rapidly changing global macroeconomic environment, the estimation results presented in this report are more representative of a conservative scenario.
Water Absorption From Line-of-Sight Clouds Toward W49A
Creators: name: Plume, Rene
name: Kaufman, Michael J.
name: Neufeld, David A.
name: Snell, Ronald L.
name: Hollenbach, David J.
name: Goldsmith, Paul F.
name: Howe, John
name: Bergin, Edwin A.
name: Melnick, Gary J.
name: Bensch, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed 6 clouds along the line-of-sight toward W49A using the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS) and several ground-based observatories. The ortho-H2O 1-0 and OH (1665 and 1667 MHz) transitions are observed in absorption, whereas the low-J CO, 13CO, and C18O lines, as well as the [CI] 1-0 transition, are seen in emission. By using both the o-H218O and o-H2O absorption lines, we are able to constrain the column-averaged o-H_2O abundances in each line-of-sight cloud to within about an order of magnitude. Assuming the standard N(H2)/N(CO) ratio of 10^4, we find N(o-H2O)/N(H2) = 8.1 x 10^-8 - 4 x 10^-7 for three clouds with optically thin water lines. In three additional clouds, the H$_2$O lines are saturated so we have used observations of the H218O ground-state transition to find upper limits to the water abundance of 8.2x 10^-8 - 1.5x10^-6. We measure the OH abundance from the average of the 1665 and 1667 MHz observations and find N(OH)/N(H2) = 2.3x10^-7 - 1.1x10^-6. The o-H2O and OH abundances are similar to those determined for line-of-sight water absorption features towards W51 and Sgr B2 but are higher than those seen from water emission lines in molecular clouds. However, the clouds towards W49 have lower ratios of OH relative to H2O column densities than are predicted by simple models which assume that dissociative recombination is the primary formation pathway for OH and H2O. Building on the work of Neufeld et al. (2002), we present photo-chemistry models including additional chemical effects, which can also explain the observed OH and H2O column densities as well as the observed H2O/CO abundance ratios.
description: 32 pages, 7 figures, To appear in ApJ April 10 issue
title: Resource Contention in Real-time Systems
Creators: name: Smart, Robert John
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2003

description: The divide—and—conquer method is extensively used for system design. For real-time systems the separated components execute concurrently using some common computational infrastructure and this can lead to contention for system resources, such as processors, memory, communication channels, and so on. Unless the resource contention is accommodated, then a system built from the composition of components may not function as expected and the “proven” behaviour of the components can be invalid. To overcome this uncertainty a divide—conquer—and—system-composition method is required.

 This thesis takes a different approach to many of the existing notations which focus on descriptions of behaviour. The Composite Transition System notation and algebra presented here enables the resource usage of the components to be specified and combined to form a composite system of concurrently executing components. By relating the composite system to the realisable behaviour of the system resources provided by the common infrastructure it becomes possible to determine any violation of the constraints imposed by the system resources. If the composite system model is then constrained by the resource behaviours then it is possible through an extraction operation to determine the modified behaviour of the components that will yield a system free of resource contention.

 Component specification, concurrent composition, the application of system level constraints and extraction are applied in this thesis to a system encountered in a commercial application. The purpose of this example is to demonstrate contention modelling and the mathematics of the notation, rather than to prove any specific properties of the application. Deployment of the notation to more complex applications will require the development of software tools to compute concurrent composition and extraction, and this is the motivation for the mathematical treatment in this thesis.
Additional file 1 of Determinants of Acute Asthma Attack among adult asthmatic patients visiting hospitals of Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019: case control study
Creators: name: Melaku Negash
name: Hagos Tsegabrhan
name: Teklit Meles
name: Degena Bahrey Tadesse
name: Gebreamlak Gidey
name: Yemane Berhane
name: Kibrom Berhanu
name: Tsgalem Haylemaryam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Annex I: English version structured interview questionnaire.
Ultra-fast vortex motion in dirty Nb-C superconductor with a close-to-perfect edge barrier
Creators: name: Dobrovolskiy, O. V.
name: Vodolazov, D. Yu.
name: Porrati, F.
name: Sachser, R.
name: Bevz, V. M.
name: Mikhailov, M. Yu.
name: Chumak, A. V.
name: Huth, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ultra-fast dynamics of superconducting vortices harbors rich physics generic to nonequilibrium collective systems. The phenomenon of flux-flow instability (FFI), however, prevents its exploration and sets practical limits for the use of vortices in various applications. To suppress the FFI, a superconductor should exhibit a rarely achieved combination of properties: weak volume pinning, close-to-depairing critical current, and fast heat removal from heated electrons. Here, we demonstrate experimentally ultra-fast vortex motion at velocities of 10-15 km/s in a directly written Nb-C superconductor in which a close-to-perfect edge barrier orders the vortex motion at large current values. The spatial evolution of the FFI is described using the edge-controlled FFI model, implying a chain of FFI nucleation points along the sample edge and their development into self-organized Josephson-like junctions (vortex rivers). In addition, our results offer insights into the applicability of widely used FFI models and suggest Nb-C to be a good candidate material for fast single-photon detectors.
description: 12 pages, 7 pages
Amiota (Amiota) cuii Chen and Toda, 2001: 1542
Creators: name: Chen, Hong-Wei
name: Watabe, Hide-Aki
name: Gao, Jian-Jun
name: Takamori, Hisaki
name: Zhang, Ya-Ping
name: Aotsuka, Tadashi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Amiota
Amiota cuii

description: Amiota (Amiota) cuii Chen and Toda
 Amiota (Amiota) cuii Chen and Toda, 2001: 1542.
 Specimens examined. Hunan: 10 „, Mt Badagong, 1–9 September 2000, Y.-G. Hu, M. Nozawa and H. Takamori leg.
 Distribution. China (Hunan, Guangxi).
description: Published as part of Chen, Hong-Wei, Watabe, Hide-Aki, Gao, Jian-Jun, Takamori, Hisaki, Zhang, Ya-Ping & Aotsuka, Tadashi, 2005, Species diversity of the subgenus Amiota (s. str.) Loew, 1862 (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in southern China, pp. 265-310 in Journal of Natural History 39 (3) on page 287, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001657883, http://zenodo.org/record/4657896
SDSS-IV MaNGA: Stellar population correlates with stellar root-mean-square velocity $V_{\rm rms}$ gradients or total-density-profile slopes at fixed effective velocity dispersion $σ_{\rm e}$
Creators: name: Lu, Shengdong
name: Cappellari, Michele
name: Mao, Shude
name: Ge, Junqiang
name: Li, Ran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy properties are known to correlate most tightly with the galaxy effective stellar velocity dispersion $σ_{\rm e}$. Here we look for {\em additional} trends at fixed $σ_{\rm e}$ using 1339 galaxies ($M_\ast \gtrsim 6\times10^9$ M$_\odot$) with different morphologies in the MaNGA (DR14) sample with integral-field spectroscopy data. We focus on the gradients ($γ_{\rm rms} \equiv σ(R_{\rm e}/4)/σ_{\rm e}$) of the stellar root-mean-square velocity ($V_{\rm rms} \equiv \sqrt{V^2 + σ^2}$), which we show traces the total mass density gradient $γ_{\rm tot}$ derived from dynamical models and, more weakly, the bulge fraction. We confirm that $γ_{\rm rms}$ increases with $σ_{\rm e}$, age and metallicity. We additionally find that these correlations still exist at fixed $σ_{\rm e}$, where galaxies with larger $γ_{\rm rms}$ are found to be older and more metal-rich. It means that mass density gradients contain information of the stellar population which is not fully accounted for by $σ_{\rm e}$. This result puts an extra constraint on our understanding of galaxy quenching. We compare our results with galaxies in the IllustrisTNG hydrodynamical simulations and find that, at fixed $σ_{\rm e}$, similar trends exist with age, the bulge fraction, and the total mass density slope but, unlike observations, no correlation with metallicity can be detected in the simulations.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures; Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Field-Effect Transistors on Tetracene Single Crystals
Creators: name: de Boer, R. W. I.
name: Klapwijk, T. M.
name: Morpurgo, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the fabrication and electrical characterization of field-effect transistors at the surface of tetracene single crystals. We find that the mobility of these transistors reaches the room-temperature value of $0.4 \ cm^2/Vs$. The non-monotonous temperature dependence of the mobility, its weak gate voltage dependence, as well as the sharpness of the subthreshold slope confirm the high quality of single-crystal devices. This is due to the fabrication process that does not substantially affect the crystal quality.
description: Accepted by Appl. Phys. Lett, tentatively scheduled for publication in the November 24, 2003 issue