cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Early resumption of sexual activity following voluntary medical male circumcision in Botswana: A qualitative study
Creators: name: Ntsuape, Conrad
name: Spees, Lisa P.
name: Ramabu, Nankie M.
name: Semo, Bazghina-Werq
name: Ledikwe, Jenny H.
name: Wirth, Kathleen E.
name: Barnhart, Scott
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Unprotected sexual intercourse after undergoing voluntary medical male circumcision but prior to complete wound healing can lead to major adverse events including HIV acquisition. To better understand perceptions related to early resumption of sex prior to wound healing, 27 focus group discussions were conducted among 238 adult men, women, and community leaders in Botswana. Median age among all participants was 31 years of whom 60% were male and 51% were either employed and receiving salary or self-employed. Only 12% reported being currently married. Pain, not risk of HIV acquisition, was perceived as the main adverse consequence of early resumption of sex. In fact, no participant mentioned that early resumption of sex could lead to an increase in HIV risk. Demonstrating masculinity and virility, fear of losing female partners, and misperception about post-operative wound healing also played key roles in the decision to resume sex prior to complete wound healing. Findings from this study highlight a potentially widespread lack of awareness of the increased risk of HIV acquisition during the wound healing period. Strengthening post-operative counseling and identifying strategies to discourage the early resumption of sex will be increasingly important as older men and HIV-positive men seek voluntary medical male circumcision services.
title: Fäkale Inkontinenz aus Sicht des Urogynäkologen
Creators: name: Fischer, Nicolas
name: Friedrich, M. G.
name: Muctar, S.
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Die fäkale Inkontinenz ist eine wissenschaftlich unterrepräsentierte Erkrankung. Die bisherigen Behandlungsansätze sind noch von unbefriedigender Qualität. Die Ursachen für diese Erkrankung sind vielfältig. Die häufigste Ursache jedoch ist die vaginale[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie
Hourglass alternative and the finiteness conjecture for the spectral characteristics of sets of non-negative matrices
Creators: name: Kozyakin, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A18, 15B48, 15A60

description: Recently Blondel, Nesterov and Protasov proved that the finiteness conjecture holds for the generalized and the lower spectral radii of the sets of non-negative matrices with independent row/column uncertainty. We show that this result can be obtained as a simple consequence of the so-called hourglass alternative earlier used by the author and his companions to analyze the minimax relations between the spectral radii of matrix products. Axiomatization of the statements that constitute the hourglass alternative makes it possible to define a new class of sets of positive matrices having the finiteness property, which includes the sets of non-negative matrices with independent row uncertainty. This class of matrices, supplemented by the zero and identity matrices, forms a semiring with the Minkowski operations of addition and multiplication of matrix sets, which gives means to construct new sets of non-negative matrices possessing the finiteness property for the generalized and the lower spectral radii.
description: 17 pages, 38 bibliography references, minor corrections, accepted for publication in Linear Algebra and its Applications
title: Robotisch assistierte radikale Prostatovesiculektomie als Therapieoption bei rezidivierenden Blasenhalsstenosen
Creators: name: Krause, Martin
name: Boy, Anselm
name: Janusonis, Justas
name: Schöning, Uta
name: Jäger, Jens
name: Paulics, Laslo
name: Roosen, Alexander
name: Ubrig, Burkhard
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Blasenhalsstenosen treten nach TUR-P/HoLEP/Greenlight-Laserung in ca. 2-5% (je nach Verfahren) und nach einer radikalen Prostatovesiculektomie in bis zu ca. 5% auf. Häufig handelt es sich um ein schwerwiegendes Problem: in ca. 40-50% kommt es nach einer initialen[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie
Learning Conditional Invariance through Cycle Consistency
Creators: name: Samarin, Maxim
name: Nesterov, Vitali
name: Wieser, Mario
name: Wieczorek, Aleksander
name: Parbhoo, Sonali
name: Roth, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Identifying meaningful and independent factors of variation in a dataset is a challenging learning task frequently addressed by means of deep latent variable models. This task can be viewed as learning symmetry transformations preserving the value of a chosen property along latent dimensions. However, existing approaches exhibit severe drawbacks in enforcing the invariance property in the latent space. We address these shortcomings with a novel approach to cycle consistency. Our method involves two separate latent subspaces for the target property and the remaining input information, respectively. In order to enforce invariance as well as sparsity in the latent space, we incorporate semantic knowledge by using cycle consistency constraints relying on property side information. The proposed method is based on the deep information bottleneck and, in contrast to other approaches, allows using continuous target properties and provides inherent model selection capabilities. We demonstrate on synthetic and molecular data that our approach identifies more meaningful factors which lead to sparser and more interpretable models with improved invariance properties.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures, published at the DAGM German Conference on Pattern Recognition, Sep. 28 - Oct. 1, 2021
Zenodo - DCN Sustaining Open Research: Virtual Learning Series
Creators: name: Holmes, Kristi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: data sharing
Zenodo
InvenioRDM
Prism

description: From: https://datacurationnetwork.org/sustaining-open-research-virtual-learning-series/ Event 4: Wednesday, October 11, 12:00pm-1:30pm Eastern Developing and maturing IR technology platforms to support data sharing For the final event in our Sustaining Open Research Virtual Learning Series, join the Data Curation Network for a series of lightning talks about different repository technologies. This event will feature a panel discussion on different repository platform implementations, and how that can be used to support research data services at an institution. We have invited 4 presenters to speak for about 5-7 minutes each, with a moderated panel discussion afterwards. We are asking speakers to respond to the following questions about their repository: What do you love about what it does? What do you wish it did? What does it take to run? (dollars, FTE?) Consider not just the platform, but also the unseen processes and infrastructure.
title: Genitale Verbrennungen durch E-Zigaretten
Creators: name: Fischer, Nicolas
name: Weinknecht, Stephan
name: Friedrich, Martin
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Genitalverbrennungen stellen mit 1,7% aller Verbrennungsverletzungen eine seltene Diagnose dar. Diese sind jedoch zu 67,5% drittgradig und damit operationspflichtig. Aufgrund der zunehmenden Beliebtheit der sog. E-Zigaretten häufen sich Berichte solcher Verbrennungen. Methode:[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie
Statistics of projective measurement on a quantum probe as a witness of noncommutativity of algebra of a probed system
Creators: name: Sakuldee, Fattah
name: Cywiński, Łukasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a quantum probe $P$ undergoing pure dephasing due to its interaction with a quantum system $S$. The dynamics of $P$ is then described by a well-defined sub-algebra of operators of $S,$ i.e. the "accessible" algebra on $S$ from the point of view of $P.$ We consider sequences of $n$ measurements on $P,$ and investigate the relationship between Kolmogorov consistency of probabilities of obtaining sequences of results with various $n,$ and commutativity of the accessible algebra. For a finite-dimensional $S$ we find conditions under which the Kolmogorov consistency of measurement on $P,$ given that the state of $S$ can be arbitrarily prepared, is equivalent to the commutativity of this algebra. These allow us to describe witnesses of nonclassicality (understood here as noncommutativity) of part of $S$ that affects the probe. For $P$ being a qubit, the witness is particularly simple: observation of breaking of Kolmogorov consistency of sequential measurements on a qubit coupled to $S$ means that the accessible algebra of $S$ is noncommutative.
Effect of innate antiviral glycoproteins in breast milk on seroconversion to rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) in children in Lusaka, Zambia
Creators: name: Simuyandi, Michelo
name: Mwila-Kazimbaya, Katayi
name: Chisenga, Caroline Cleopatra
name: Bosomprah, Samuel
name: Laban, Natasha Makabilo
name: Garcia, Miguel Pugliese
name: Permar, Sallie Robey
name: Chilengi, Roma
name: Munsaka, Sody
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Rotavirus vaccines have been introduced into national immunization programmes to mitigate morbidity and mortality associated rotavirus diarrhoea. Lower vaccine effectiveness has however been noted in low-middle income countries, but little is known about the role of maternal components found in breast milk. This study assessed the effect of lactoferrin, lactadherin, and tenascin-c on rotavirus vaccine seroconversion.
Effects of patient load and travel distance on HIV transmission in rural China: Implications for treatment as prevention
Creators: name: Ning, Chuanyi
name: Cohen, Myron S.
name: Liu, Huixin
name: Wang, Ning
name: He, Wensheng
name: Miller, William C.
name: Smith, M. Kumi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Sustained viral suppression through ART reduces sexual HIV transmission risk, but may require routine access to reliable and effective medical care which may be difficult to obtain in resource constrained areas. We investigated the roles of patient load and travel distance to HIV care clinic on transmission risk in HIV serodiscordant couples in Henan Province, China.
The R-Process Alliance: Chemo-Dynamically Tagged Groups II. An Extended Sample of Halo $r$-Process-Enhanced Stars
Creators: name: Shank, Derek
name: Beers, Timothy C.
name: Placco, Vinicius M.
name: Gudin, Dmitrii
name: Catapano, Thomas
name: Holmbeck, Erika M.
name: Ezzeddine, Rana
name: Roederer, Ian U.
name: Sakari, Charli M.
name: Frebel, Anna
name: Hansen, Terese T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Orbital characteristics based on Gaia Early Data Release 3 astrometric parameters are analyzed for ${\sim} 1700$ $r$-process-enhanced (RPE; [Eu/Fe] $> +0.3$) metal-poor stars ([Fe/H] $\leq -0.8$) compiled from the $R$-Process Alliance, the GALactic Archaeology with HERMES (GALAH) DR3 survey, and additional literature sources. We find dynamical clusters of these stars based on their orbital energies and cylindrical actions using the \HDBSCAN ~unsupervised learning algorithm. We identify $36$ Chemo-Dynamically Tagged Groups (CDTGs) containing between $5$ and $22$ members; $17$ CDTGs have at least $10$ member stars. Previously known Milky Way (MW) substructures such as Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus, the Splashed Disk, the Metal-Weak Thick Disk, the Helmi Stream, LMS-1 (Wukong), and Thamnos are re-identified. Associations with MW globular clusters are determined for $7$ CDTGs; no recognized MW dwarf galaxy satellites were associated with any of our CDTGs. Previously identified dynamical groups are also associated with our CDTGs, adding structural determination information and possible new identifications. Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor RPE (CEMP-$r$) stars are identified among the targets; we assign these to morphological groups in the Yoon-Beers $A$(C)$_{c}$ vs. [Fe/H] Diagram. Our results confirm previous dynamical analyses that showed RPE stars in CDTGs share common chemical histories, influenced by their birth environments.
description: accepted by ApJ. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2201.08337, arXiv:2109.08600
Marte Meo – eine wirkungsvolle Methode für die Unterrichtsberatung von Lehrerinnen und Lehrern
Creators: name: Merz, Bettina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Methode
Unterricht
Beratung
Masterarbeit

description: Marte Meo ist eine videobasierte, ressourcenorientierte Beratungsmethode, die den Blick auf Kommunikationsfähigkeiten lenkt. In der Masterarbeit wird die Frage untersucht, wie die Marte-Meo-Methode eine Schulische Heilpädagogin bei der Unterrichtsberatung von Lehrerinnen und Lehrern unterstützt. Im Rahmen einer Aktionsforschung wurden Beratungen mit sieben Lehrkräften mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, das Beratungshandeln weiterzuentwickeln. Im Anschluss wurden die Ergebnisse mit den Teilnehmenden kommunikativ validiert. Die Methode erweist sich in der Unterrichtsberatung als wirkungsvoll, weil den Lehrkräften gelingendes Handeln in Bezug auf Interaktion und Kommunikation sichtbar gemacht wird. Die gemeinsame Unterrichtsbeobachtung wird als eine geeignete kollegiale Beratungsmethode angesehen, wenn die Schulische Heilpädagogin mit Sorgfalt und spezifischer Beratungskompetenz vorgeht.
Understanding Performance Problems in Deep Learning Systems
Creators: name: Cao, Junming
name: Chen, Bihuan
name: Sun, Chao
name: Hu, Longjie
name: Wu, Shuaihong
name: Peng, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.5

description: Deep learning (DL) has been widely applied to many domains. Unique challenges in engineering DL systems are posed by the programming paradigm shift from traditional systems to DL systems, and performance is one of the challenges. Performance problems (PPs) in DL systems can cause severe consequences such as excessive resource consumption and financial loss. While bugs in DL systems have been extensively investigated, PPs in DL systems have hardly been explored. To bridge this gap, we present the first comprehensive study to i) characterize symptoms, root causes, and introducing and exposing stages of PPs in DL systems developed in TensorFLow and Keras, with 224 PPs collected from 210 StackOverflow posts, and to ii) assess the capability of existing performance analysis approaches in tackling PPs, with a constructed benchmark of 58 PPs in DL systems. Our findings shed light on the implications on developing high-performance DL systems, and detecting and localizing PPs in DL systems. To demonstrate the usefulness of our findings, we develop a static checker Deep-Perf to detect three types of PPs. It has detected 488 new PPs in 130 GitHub projects. 105 and 27 PPs have been confirmed and fixed.
description: Has been accepted by ESEC/FSE 2022
A 216–256 GHz fully differential frequency multiplier-by-8 chain with 0 dBm output power
Creators: name: Eissa, Mohamed Hussein
name: Malignaggi, Andrea
name: Ko, Minsu
name: Schmalz, Klaus
name: Borngräber, Johannes
name: Ulusoy, Ahmet Cagri
name: Kissinger, Dietmar
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: direct conversion
subject: mixers
subject: receivers

description: Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: This work presents a fully differential wideband and low power 240 GHz multiplier-by-8 chain, manufactured in IHP's 130 nm SiGe:C BiCMOS technology with fT/fmax = 300/500 GHz. A single ended 30 GHz input signal is multiplied by 8 using Gilbert cell-based quadrupler and doubler, and then amplified with a wideband differential 3-stage cascode amplifier. To achieve wide bandwidth and optimize for power consumption, the power budget has been designed in order to operate the frequency multipliers and the output amplifier in saturation. With this architecture the presented circuit achieves a 3 dB bandwidth of 40 GHz, meaning a relative 3 dB bandwidth of 17%, and a peak saturated output power of 0 dBm. Harmonic rejections better than 25 dB were measured for the 5th, 6th, and 7th harmonics. It dissipates 255 mW from 3 V supply which results in drain efficiency of 0.4%, while occupying 1.2 mm2. With these characteristics the presented circuit suits very well as a frequency multiplier chain for driving balanced mixers in 240 GHz transceivers for radar, communication, and sensing applications.
ESTIMATION OF AVERAGE PRODUCTION COST FUNCTION FOR IRAN CARPET COMPANY'S WORKSHOPS
Creators: name: Mohammadreza SHARIFIKHEIRABADI
Publisher: name: TUENGR Group
Year: 2018
Subjects: Living standards
Conceptual model
rating of regions
Clustering of regions
Development of the system

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 9, 6, 495-502
Partial synchronization and community switching in phase-oscillator networks and its analysis based on a bidirectional, weighted chain of three oscillators
Creators: name: Kato, Masaki
name: Kori, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex networks often possess communities defined based on network connectivity. When dynamics undergo in a network, one can also consider dynamical communities; i.e., a group of nodes displaying a similar dynamical process. We have investigated both analytically and numerically the development of dynamical community structure, where the community is referred to as a group of nodes synchronized in frequency, in networks of phase oscillators. We first demonstrate that using a few example networks, the community structure changes when network connectivity or interaction strength is varied. In particular, we found that community switching, i.e., a portion of oscillators change the group to which they synchronize, occurs for a range of parameters. We then propose a three-oscillator model: a bidirectional, weighted chain of three Kuramoto phase oscillators, as a theoretical framework for understanding the community formation and its variation. Our analysis demonstrates that the model shows a variety of partially synchronized patterns: oscillators with similar natural frequencies tend to synchronize for weak coupling, while tightly connected oscillators tend to synchronize for strong coupling. We obtain approximate expressions for the critical coupling strengths by employing a perturbative approach in a weak coupling regime and a geometric approach in a strong coupling regimes. Moreover, we elucidate the bifurcation types of transitions between different patterns. Our theory might be useful for understanding the development of partially synchronized patterns in a wider class of complex networks than community structured networks.
Exploring factors associated with ART adherence and retention in care under Option B+ strategy in Malawi: A qualitative study
Creators: name: Chikonda, Janet
name: Gugsa, Salem
name: O’Malley, Gabrielle
name: Phiri, Sam
name: Sande, Odala
name: Sikwese, Pascal
name: Potter, Katy
name: Tweya, Hannock
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Although several studies have documented challenges related to inadequate adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and high loss to follow-up (LTFU) among Option B+ women, there is limited understanding of why these challenges occur and how to address them. This qualitative study examines women’s experiences with ART adherence and retention in care. Between July and October 2015, in-depth interviews were conducted with 39 pregnant and lactating women who initiated ART at Bwaila Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. Study participants included 14 in care and 25 out of care women, according to facility records. Data were analyzed using an inductive, open-coding approach to thematic analysis. Ten of the respondents (7 out of care, 3 in-care) had stopped and re-started treatment before the interview date. One of the most important factors influencing adherence and retention was the strength of women’s support systems. In contrast to women in-care, most out-of-care women lacked emotional and financial support from male partners, received minimal counseling from providers at initiation, lacked designated guardians to assist with medication refills or clinic appointments, and were highly mobile. Mobility led to difficulties in accessing treatment in new settings. The most common reasons women re-started treatment following interruptions were due to providers’ counseling and encouragement and the mother’s desire to be healthy. Improved counseling at initiation, active follow-up counseling, women’s economic empowerment interventions, promotion of peer counseling schemes and meaningful engagement of male partners can help in addressing the identified barriers and promoting sustained retention of Option B+ women.
Bayesian and frequentist regression approaches for very large data sets
Creators: name: Geppert, Leo Nikolaus
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Regression analysis
subject: Very large data sets
subject: Random projections
subject: Merge & reduce
subject: Data reduction
subject: 310
subject: Regressionsanalyse
subject: Massendaten
subject: Datenkompression
subject: Dimensionsreduktion

description: This thesis is concerned with the analysis of frequentist and Bayesian regression models for data sets with a very large number of observations. Such large data sets pose a challenge when conducting regression analysis, because of the memory required (mainly for frequentist regression models) and the running time of the analysis (mainly for Bayesian regression models). I present two different approaches that can be employed in this setting. The first approach is based on random projections and reduces the number of observations to manageable level as a first step before the regression analysis. The reduced number of observations depends on the number of variables in the data set and the desired goodness of the approximation. It is, however, independent of the number of observations in the original data set, making it especially useful for very large data sets. Theoretical guarantees for Bayesian linear regression are presented, which extend known guarantees for the frequentist case. The fundamental theorem covers Bayesian linear regression with arbitrary normal distributions or non-informative uniform distributions as prior distributions. I evaluate how close the posterior distributions of the original model and the reduced data set are for this theoretically covered case as well as for extensions towards hierarchical models and models using q-generalised normal distributions as prior. The second approach presents a transfer of the Merge & Reduce-principle from data structures to regression models. In Computer Science, Merge & Reduce is employed in order to enable the use of static data structures in a streaming setting. Here, I present three possibilities of employing Merge & Reduce directly on regression models. This enables sequential or parallel analysis of subsets of the data set. The partial results are then combined in a way that recovers the regression model on the full data set well. This approach is suitable for a wide range of regression models. I evaluate the performance on simulated and real world data sets using linear and Poisson regression models. Both approaches are able to recover regression models on the original data set well. They thus offer scalable versions of frequentist or Bayesian regression analysis for linear regression as well as extensions to generalised linear models, hierarchical models, and q-generalised normal distributions as prior distribution. Application on data streams or in distributed settings is also possible. Both approaches can be combined with multiple algorithms for frequentist or Bayesian regression analysis.
fastball: A fast algorithm to sample bipartite graphs with fixed degree sequences
Creators: name: Godard, Karl
name: Neal, Zachary P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many applications require randomly sampling bipartite graphs with fixed degrees, or randomly sampling incidence matrices with fixed row and column sums. Although several sampling algorithms exist, the ``curveball'' algorithm is the most efficient with an asymptotic time complexity of O(n log n), and has been proven to sample uniformly at random. In this paper, we introduce the ``fastball'' algorithm, which adopts a similar approach but has an asymptotic time complexity of O(n). We show that a C++ implementation of fastball randomly samples large bipartite graphs with fixed degrees faster than curveball, and illustrate the value of this faster algorithm in the context of the fixed degree sequence model for backbone extraction.
description: Journal of Complex Networks (2022)
Exploring the HIV continuum of care among young black MSM
Creators: name: Hurt, Christopher B.
name: Egger, Joseph
name: Hightow-Weidman, Lisa
name: LeGrand, Sara
name: Choi, Seul Ki
name: Muessig, Kathryn E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: HIV disproportionately impacts young, black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) who experience disparities across the HIV care continuum. A more nuanced understanding of facilitators and barriers to engagement in care, missed visits, antiretroviral uptake, adherence and viral suppression could improve care and intervention design.
Mass fluctuations in Random Average Transfer Process in open set-up
Creators: name: Dandekar, Rahul
name: Kundu, Anupam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define a new mass transport model on a one-dimensional lattice of size $N$ with continuous masses at each site. The lattice is connected to mass reservoirs of different `chemical potentials' at the two ends. The mass transfer dynamics in the bulk is equivalent to the dynamics of the gaps between particles in the Random Average Process. In the non-equilibrium steady state, we find that the multi-site arbitrary order cumulants of the masses can be expressed as an expansion in powers of $1/N$ where at each order the cumulants have a scaling form. We introduce a novel operator approach which allows us to compute these scaling functions at different orders of $1/N$. Moreover, this approach reveals that, to express the scaling functions for higher order cumulants completely one requires all lower order multi-site cumulants. This is in contrast to the Wick's theorem in which all higher order cumulants are expressed solely in terms of two-site cumulants. We support our results with evidence from Monte-Carlo simulations.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, comments welcome
title: Totalsynthese von Belizentrin Methylester
title: Ein enantiodivergenter Zugang zu chiralen Allenen
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Anderl, Felix
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Belizentrin Methylester
subject: Allene
subject: Totalsynthese
subject: 540
subject: Allene
subject: Totalsynthese

description: Die Synthese von Naturstoffen ist seit fast 200 Jahren eine Kerndisziplin der organischen Chemie. Dabei bieten komplexe natürliche Moleküle immer neue Herausforderungen für Chemiker und verlangen dadurch neue Lösungen. Besonders marine (Mikro-)Organismen haben sich als eine ergiebige Quelle verschiedenster chemisch wie auch biologisch interessanter Naturstoffe erwiesen. Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt hauptsächlich die Totalsynthese von Belizentrin Methylester. Die Stammverbindung Belizentrin wurde 2014 aus dem Dinoflagellaten Prorocentrum belizeanum isoliert. Schon während der Isolierung hat sich diese Verbindung als sehr instabil gezeigt, was sich auch im Lauf unseres Syntheseprojektes bestätigte. Im Zuge dessen fanden wir aber auch, dass der entsprechende Methylester noch immer empfindlich, aber ausreichend stabil ist. Schließlich gelang eine sehr konvergente Totalsynthese dieser Verbindung. Diese Synthese wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit Dr. Sylvester Größl durchgeführt, der die polyhydroxyierte Seitenkette hergestellt hat. Seine Beiträge sind an den entsprechenden Stellen gekennzeichnet. Die Schlüsselschritte in der Synthese des makrozyklischen Teiles des Moleküls waren zwei Palladium-katalysierte Kreuzkupplungen um drei Fragmente zu verbinden, gefolgt von der intramolekularen Aminolyse eines Spirolactons um den Makrolactam-Ring zu schließen. Anschließend wurden Makrozyklus und Seitenkette nach wenigen Schutzgruppen- und Redox- Manipulationen durch eine E-selektive Julia-Kocienski Olefinierung zusammen gefügt. Globale Entschützung lieferte schließlich den zuvor genannten Belizentrin Methylester.
Determining all thermodynamic transport coefficients for an interacting large N quantum field theory
Creators: name: Weiner, Max
name: Romatschke, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermodynamic transport coefficients can be calculated directly from quantum field theory without requiring analytic continuation to real time. We determine all second-order thermodynamic transport coefficients for the uncharged N-component massless (critical) scalar field theory with quartic interaction in the large N limit, for any value of the coupling. We find that in the large N limit, all thermodynamic transport coefficients for the interacting theory can be expressed analytically in terms of the in-medium mass and sums over modified Bessel functions. We expect our technique to allow a similar determination of all thermodynamic transport coefficients for all theories that are solvable in the large N limit, including certain gauge theories.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures
Quantifying uncertainties due to irreducible three-body forces in deuteron-nucleus reactions
Creators: name: Hlophe, Linda
name: Kravvaris, Konstantinos
name: Quaglioni, Sofia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: \noindent{\bf Background:} Deuteron-induced nuclear reactions are an essential tool for probing the structure of nuclei as well as astrophysical information such as $(n,γ)$ cross sections. The deuteron-nucleus system is typically described within a Faddeev three-body model consisting of a neutron ($n$), a proton ($p$), and the target nucleus ($A$) interacting through pairwise phenomenological potentials. While Faddeev techniques enable the exact description of the three-body dynamics, their predictive power is limited in part by the omission of irreducible neutron-proton-nucleus three-body force ($n$-$p$-$A$ 3BF). {\bf Results:} By comparing the Faddeev and NCSM/RGM results, we show that the irreducible $n$-$p$-$α$ 3BF has a non-negligible effect on bound state and scattering observables alike. Specifically, the Faddeev approach %are yields a $^6$Li ground state that is approximately $600$~keV shallower than the one obtained with the NCSM/RGM. Additionally, the Faddeev calculations for $d$+$α$ scattering yield a $3^+$ resonance that is located approximately $400$~keV higher in energy compared to the NCSM/RGM result. The shape of the $d$+$α$ angular distributions computed using the two approaches also differ, owing to the discrepancy in the predictions of the $3^+$ resonance energy.
Modeling the debonding process of osseointegrated implants due to coupled adhesion and friction
Creators: name: Immel, Katharina
name: Nguyen, Vu-Hieu
name: Haiat, Guillaume
name: Sauer, Roger A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cementless implants have become widely used for total hip replacement surgery. The long-term stability of these implants is achieved by bone growing around and into the porous surface of the implant, a process called osseointegration. However, debonding of the bone-implant interface can still occur due to aseptic implant loosening and insufficient osseointegration, which may have dramatic consequences. The aim of this work is to describe a new 3D finite element frictional contact formulation for the debonding of partially osseointegrated implants. The contact model is based on a modified Coulomb's friction law (Immel et al. 2020, Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol.) that takes into account the tangential debonding of the bone-implant interface. This model is extended in the direction normal to the bone-implant interface by considering a cohesive zone model, to account for adhesion phenomena in the normal direction and for adhesive friction of partially bonded interfaces. The model is applied to simulate the debonding of an acetabular cup implant. The influence of partial osseointegration and adhesive effects on the long-term stability of the implant is assessed. The influence of different patient- and implant-specific parameters such as the friction coefficient, the trabecular Young's modulus and the interference fit is also analyzed, in order to determine the optimal stability for different configurations. Furthermore, this work provides guidelines for future experimental and computational studies, that are necessary for further parameter calibration.
description: Biomech Model Mechanobiol (2022)
Supplementary document for Reconfigurable All-Optical Bistability/Tristability in Dual Injection-Locked Fabry-Pérot Laser Diodes - 6448466.pdf
Creators: name: Banovic, Mladen
name: Atanasijevic, Petar
name: Krstic, Marko
name: Mihailovic, Pedja
name: Crnjanski, Jasna
name: Petricevic, Slobodan
name: Gvozdic, Dejan
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Lasers and Quantum Electronics

description: Supplementary document giving more insight into double bistability and optical tristability hysteresis formations from the perspective of carrier rate versus carrier concentration phase space. Document is accompanied with Visualizations 1 and 2.
Metric Effects based on Fluctuations in values of k in Nearest Neighbor Regressor
Creators: name: Gupta, Abhishek
name: Joshi, Raunak
name: Kanvinde, Nandan
name: Gerela, Pinky
name: Laban, Ronald Melwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Regression branch of Machine Learning purely focuses on prediction of continuous values. The supervised learning branch has many regression based methods with parametric and non-parametric learning models. In this paper we aim to target a very subtle point related to distance based regression model. The distance based model used is K-Nearest Neighbors Regressor which is a supervised non-parametric method. The point that we want to prove is the effect of k parameter of the model and its fluctuations affecting the metrics. The metrics that we use are Root Mean Squared Error and R-Squared Goodness of Fit with their visual representation of values with respect to k values.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures. To appear in proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics (ICDICI 2022)
Extreme low dose of 5-fluorouracil reverses MDR in cancer by sensitizing cancer associated fibroblasts and down-regulating P-gp
Creators: name: Fallon, John K.
name: Wang, Yongjun
name: Xu, Zhenghong
name: Ma, Yan
name: Wang, Yuhua
name: Liu, Feng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: We conducted a prospective, meaningful study of extreme low dose of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) as a metronomic agent targeting cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to reverse Multidrug resistance (MDR) by sensitizing cancer associated fibroblasts and down-regulating P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The combination of 5FU and Taxol inhibited resistant KB-8-5 tumor growth by 79% and H460/Tax-R tumor growth by 55%. The inhibition was significant for both tumor types compared with Taxol treatment alone (p<0.001 and p = 0.0067, respectively). Nevertheless, the low-dose 5FU (2.2 mg/kg compared to the therapeutic dose of 50–150 mg/kg) showed negligible tumor inhibitory effect. The tumor growth inhibition study on resistant tumors demonstrated that the continuous administration of low dose 5FU with Taxol significantly inhibited the tumor growth. The treatment overcomes drug resistance in tumors by down-regulating multi-drug resistance transporter protein (P-gp), and more importantly, by eliminating CAFs recruited by resistant tumors. Compared with traditional metronomic chemotherapy, 5FU as metronomic agent targeting CAFs can avoid the disadvantages resulted from the concomitant administration of antiangiogenetic drug. The approach has good translational potential for clinical trials when treating stroma-rich drug resistant tumors.
Renyi Entropy Correction to Expanding Universe
Creators: name: Fazlollahi, H. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Renyi entropy coprises a group of data estimates that sums up the well-known Shannon entropy, acquiring a considerable lot of its properties. It appears as unqualified and restrictive entropy, relative entropy, or common data, and has found numerous applications in information theory. in the Renyi's argument, the area law of the black hole entropy plays a significant role. However, the total entropy can be modified by some quantum effects, motivated by the randomness of a system. In this note, by employing this modified entropy relation, we have derived corrections to Newton's law of gravitation. Taking this entropy associated with the apparent horizon of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Universe and assuming the first law of thermodynamics, dE=TdS+WdV, satisfies the apparent horizon, we have reconsidered expanding Universe and find modified Friedmann equations. Also, the second thermodynamics law has been examined.
On the prompt contribution to the atmospheric neutrino flux
Creators: name: Ostapchenko, Sergey
name: Garzelli, Maria Vittoria
name: Sigl, Günter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The prompt contribution to the atmospheric neutrino flux is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the corresponding theoretical uncertainties related to perturbative treatment of charm production, notably, the ones stemming from the low and high $x$ behavior of parton distribution functions, can be conveniently studied at the level of charm quark production. Additionally, we discuss the non-perturbative contribution to the prompt neutrino flux, related to the intrinsic charm content of the proton, and analyze its main features.
description: v2: accepted version
On the Nature of Spatial Universes in 3D Lorentzian Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Brunekreef, J.
name: Loll, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three-dimensional Lorentzian quantum gravity, expressed as the continuum limit of a nonperturbative sum over spacetimes, is tantalizingly close to being amenable to analytical methods, and some of its properties have been described in terms of effective matrix and other models. To gain a more detailed understanding of three-dimensional quantum gravity, we perform a numerical investigation of the nature of spatial hypersurfaces in three-dimensional Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT). We measure and analyze several quantum observables, the entropy exponent, the local and global Hausdorff dimensions, and the quantum Ricci curvature of the spatial slices, and try to match them with known continuum properties of systems of two-dimensional quantum geometry. Above the first-order phase transition of CDT quantum gravity, we find strong evidence that the spatial dynamics lies in the same universality class as two-dimensional Euclidean (Liouville) quantum gravity. Below the transition, the behaviour of the spatial slices does not match that of any known quantum gravity model. This may indicate the existence of a new type of two-dimensional quantum system, induced by the more complex nature of the embedding three-dimensional quantum geometry.
description: 42 pages, 17 figures
Passive superconducting circulator on a chip
Creators: name: Navarathna, Rohit
name: Le, Dat Thanh
name: Hamann, Andrés Rosario
name: Nguyen, Hien Duy
name: Stace, Thomas M.
name: Fedorov, Arkady
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An on-chip microwave circulator that is compatible with superconducting devices is a key element for scale-up of superconducting circuits. Previous approaches to integrating circulators on chip involve either external driving that requires extra microwave lines or a strong magnetic field that would compromise superconductivity. Here we report the first proof-of-principle realisation of a passive on-chip circulator which is made from a superconducting loop interrupted by three notionally-identical Josephson junctions and is tuned with only DC control fields. Our experimental results shows evidence for nonreciprocal scattering, and excellent agreement with theoretical simulations. We also present a detailed analysis of quasiparticle tunneling in our device using a hidden Markov model. By reducing the junction asymmetry and utilising the known methods of protection from quasiparticles, we anticipate that Josephson-loop circulator will become ubiquitous in superconducting circuits.
Long-Term Simulations of Dynamical Ejecta: Homologous Expansion and Kilonova Properties
Creators: name: Neuweiler, Anna
name: Dietrich, Tim
name: Bulla, Mattia
name: Chaurasia, Swami Vivekanandji
name: Rosswog, Stephan
name: Ujevic, Maximiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate numerical-relativity simulations are essential to study the rich phenomenology of binary neutron star systems. In this work, we focus on the material that is dynamically ejected during the merger process and on the kilonova transient it produces. Typically, radiative transfer simulations of kilonova light curves from ejecta make the assumption of homologous expansion, but this condition might not always be met at the end of usually very short numerical-relativity simulations. In this article, we adjust the infrastructure of the BAM code to enable longer simulations of the dynamical ejecta with the aim of investigating when the condition of homologous expansion is satisfied. In fact, we observe that the deviations from a perfect homologous expansion are about 30% at roughly 100ms after the merger. To determine how these deviations might affect the calculation of kilonova light curves, we extract the ejecta data for different reference times and use them as input for radiative transfer simulations. Our results show that the light curves for extraction times later than 80ms after the merger deviate by less than 0.4mag and are mostly consistent with numerical noise. Accordingly, deviations from the homologous expansion for the dynamical ejecta component are negligible for the purpose of kilonova modelling.
Heisenberg models with minimal number of parameters for two-dimensional magnetic crystals
Creators: name: Zberecki, K.
name: Wilczynnski, M.
name: Wierzbicki, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we investigated adequacy of the Heisenberg model application to novel two-dimensional magnetic materials, on an example of monolayer CrI3. We introduced the concept of the mean tensor invariant under symmetry operations of the magnetic structure, which allows the number of parameters of the anisotropic tensor Heisenberg model to be significantly reduced, while maintaining the compliance with the results of ab-initio calculations. We derived the expressions for fourth-order corrections to Heisenberg Hamiltonian and to Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in the form of quartic symmetry invariants with minimal number of parameters. We tested the physical adequacy of such approach in the case of monolayer CrI3, utilizing an alternative to four-states energy mapping -- the all-parameters least square fit.