cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions at RHIC - with Focus on Non-Central Collisions
Creators: name: Csanad, Mate
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: bose-einstein
correlations
levy
elliptic
flow
run04
au+au

description: This thesis outlines the development of the online monitoring software for the ZDC detector component in PHENIX. The online monitoring is a program that produces plots from the data. We report the two - pion correlation function C2 as a function of qinv = √(k1−k2)2 and the three - pion correlation function C3 as a function of qinv of the three pairs in the triplet, q12, q23, q31. The calculated correlation functions were fitted using Gaussian, L ́evy and Edgeworth shapes hence determining the allowed region for the fraction of the hydrodynamically evolving core (fc) and the fraction of a partially coherent part (pc) within the core.
Perceptual evaluation of listener envelopment using spatial granular synthesis
Creators: name: Riedel, Stefan
name: Frank, Matthias
name: Zotter, Franz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Listener envelopment refers to the sensation of being surrounded by sound, either by multiple direct sound events or by a diffuse reverberant sound field. More recently, a specific attribute for the sensation of being covered by sound from elevated directions has been proposed by Sazdov et al. and was termed listener engulfment. This contribution investigates the effect of the temporal and directional density of sound events on listener envelopment and engulfment. A spatial granular synthesis technique is used to precisely control the temporal and directional density of sound events. Experimental results indicate that a directionally uniform distribution of sound events at time intervals $Δt < 20$ milliseconds is required to elicit a sensation of diffuse envelopment, whereas longer time intervals lead to localized auditory events. It shows that elevated loudspeaker layers do not increase envelopment, but contribute specifically to listener engulfment. Lowpass-filtered stimuli increase envelopment, but lead to a decreased control over engulfment. The results can be exploited in the technical design and creative application of spatial sound synthesis and reverberation algorithms.
description: Submitted to the Journal of the Audio Engineering Society (JAES)
Gauge turbulence, topological defect dynamics, and condensation in Higgs models
Creators: name: Gasenzer, Thomas
name: McLerran, Larry
name: Pawlowski, Jan M.
name: Sexty, Dénes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The real-time dynamics of topological defects and turbulent configurations of gauge fields for electric and magnetic confinement are studied numerically within a 2+1D Abelian Higgs model. It is shown that confinement is appearing in such systems equilibrating after a strong initial quench such as the overpopulation of the infrared modes. While the final equilibrium state does not support confinement, metastable vortex defect configurations appear in the gauge field which are found to be closely related to the appearance of physically observable confined electric and magnetic charges. These phenomena are seen to be intimately related to the approach of a non-thermal fixed point of the far-from-equilibrium dynamical evolution, signalled by universal scaling in the gauge-invariant correlation function of the Higgs field. Even when the parameters of the Higgs action do not support condensate formation in the vacuum, during this approach, transient Higgs condensation is observed. We discuss implications of these results for the far-from-equilibrium dynamics of Yang-Mills fields and potential mechanisms how confinement and condensation in non-abelian gauge fields can be understood in terms of the dynamics of Higgs models. These suggest that there is an interesting new class of dynamics of strong coherent turbulent gauge fields with condensates.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures
Combinatorial Abstractions of Dynamical Systems
Creators: name: Wisniewski, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: B.5.3; B.2.2; B.1.4; I.2.8

description: Formal verification has been successfully developed in computer science for verifying combinatorial classes of models and specifications. In like manner, formal verification methods have been developed for dynamical systems. However, the verification of system properties, such as safety, is based on reachability calculations, which are the sources of insurmountable complexity. This talk addresses indirect verification methods, which are based on abstracting the dynamical systems by models of reduced complexity and preserving central properties of the original systems.
description: In Proceedings HAS 2013, arXiv:1308.4904
Meningitis and climate: from science to practice
Creators: name: Perez García-Pando, Carlos
name: Thomson, Madeleine C.
name: Stanton, Michelle
name: Diggle, Peter
name: Hopson, Thomas
name: Pandya, Rajul
name: Miller, Ronald L.
name: Hugonnet, Stéphane
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Climatic zones
Meningitis, Cerebrospinal
Epidemiology

description: Meningococcal meningitis is a climate sensitive infectious disease. The regional extent of the Meningitis Belt in Africa, where the majority of epidemics occur, was originally defined by Lapeysonnie in the 1960s. A combination of climatic and environmental conditions and biological and social factors have been associated to the spatial and temporal patterns of epidemics observed since the disease first emerged in West Africa over a century ago. However, there is still a lack of knowledge and data that would allow disentangling the relative effects of the diverse risk factors upon epidemics. The Meningitis Environmental Risk Information Technologies Initiative (MERIT), a collaborative research-to-practice consortium, seeks to inform national and regional prevention and control strategies across the African Meningitis Belt through the provision of new data and tools that better determine risk factors. In particular MERIT seeks to consolidate a body of knowledge that provides evidence of the contribution of climatic and environmental factors to seasonal and year-to-year variations in meningococcal meningitis incidence at both district and national scales. Here we review recent research and practice seeking to provide useful information for the epidemic response strategy of National Ministries of Health in the Meningitis Belt of Africa. In particular the research and derived tools described in this paper have focused at “getting science into policy and practice” by engaging with practitioner communities under the umbrella of MERIT to ensure the relevance of their work to operational decision-making. We limit our focus to that of reactive vaccination for meningococcal meningitis. Important but external to our discussion is the development and implementation of the new conjugate vaccine, which specifically targets meningococcus A.
Proechimys canicollis
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Echimyidae
Proechimys
Proechimys canicollis

description: Proechimys canicollis (J. A. Allen, 1899). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 12: 200. TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia, Magdalena Dept., Bonda. DISTRIBUTION: N. Colombia to S. Guyana; perhaps adjacent Brazil. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410029011002001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 589, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
Isolate record for VAFB-ISO-540
Creators: name: Holloway, Corinne
Year: 1900
Subjects: subject: Santa Barbara (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/3486/santa-barbara-county
subject: Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/85469/vandenberg-air-force-base-vafb
subject: Vandenberg Space Force Base (VSFB)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/85584/vandenberg-space-force-base-vsfb
subject: California (State / Territory)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/1484/california-state-territory
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Chert
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/213/chert
subject: Reconnaissance / Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/7/reconnaissance-survey

description: This document is the isolated find record for VAFB-ISO-540. The artifact is a black mottled Monterey chert flake.
May Aphanocladium album Preuss. W. Gams (Deuteromycetes) be an effective scale insects biotechnical control agent?
Creators: name: Francesco, Porcelli
name: D'Onghia Anna Maria
name: Thaer, Yassen
name: Marilita, Gallo
name: Convertini Stefano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010

description: Several fungi species show antagonistic activity both in nature and in the laboratory. Aphanocladium album (isolate Mx-95) may infect scale insects, whiteflies, and the associated sooty mould. We report observations on the activity of A. album against Lichtensia viburni Signoret on Viburnum tinus Linn. in urban areas and on Icerya purchasi Maskell, Aonidiella aurantii Maskell and Lepidosaphes beckii Newmann on several Citrus spp. and hybrids growing in a biologically managed screen house in southern Italy (Puglia). This fungus produces chitinase that dissolves the insect’s cuticle, which serves as food for the fungus. More, the white hyphae infect recently laid eggs still protected by wax layers or in egg sacks. A. album thrives on shredded exuviae, sooty mould and parasitized whiteflies (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood and Bemisia tabaci Gennadius). The fungus does not persist in the orchard and, thus, requires to be sprayed as frequently as conventional chemicals. The broad range of A. album-susceptible scale insect species reported by Humber (1992) demonstrates that the fungus should control many pests. Observations suggest that the A. album may contribute to a practical scale insect pest biotechnical control within an IPM pest control strategy.
Shaping global agendas on climate risk management and climate services: an IRI perspective
Creators: name: Hansen, James W.
name: Zebiak, Stephen E.
name: Coffey, Kevin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Climatic changes--Risk assessment
Climatic changes--International cooperation
Climatic changes

description: This paper provides a historical overview of the development and mainstreaming of global agendas on climate risk management and climate services from the vantage point of the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), and present two examples that illustrate how efforts to mainstream these agendas shaped both the institute and the broader communities that it sought to engage. In the first example, we trace developments that led to the emergence of a global agenda on climate services, including creation of the Climate Services Partnership
(CSP). The CSP is an informal, open network of interested climate information users, providers, donors and researchers, serves as a platform for knowledge sharing and collaboration to advance climate service capabilities worldwide. The second example is mainstreaming climate risk management within the international agricultural research-for-development community. The CGIAR research program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) was structured to include a research theme on “Adaptation through Managing Climate Risk,” which put climate risk management on the same footing within the agenda as adaptation to future climate change. We conclude with several lessons drawn from IRI’s involvement in the processes that shaped global agendas around
climate risk management and climate services.
On Batching Variable Size Inputs for Training End-to-End Speech Enhancement Systems
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Philippe
name: Alstrøm, Tommy Sonne
name: May, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The performance of neural network-based speech enhancement systems is primarily influenced by the model architecture, whereas training times and computational resource utilization are primarily affected by training parameters such as the batch size. Since noisy and reverberant speech mixtures can have different duration, a batching strategy is required to handle variable size inputs during training, in particular for state-of-the-art end-to-end systems. Such strategies usually strive for a compromise between zero-padding and data randomization, and can be combined with a dynamic batch size for a more consistent amount of data in each batch. However, the effect of these strategies on resource utilization and more importantly network performance is not well documented. This paper systematically investigates the effect of different batching strategies and batch sizes on the training statistics and speech enhancement performance of a Conv-TasNet, evaluated in both matched and mismatched conditions. We find that using a small batch size during training improves performance in both conditions for all batching strategies. Moreover, using sorted or bucket batching with a dynamic batch size allows for reduced training time and GPU memory usage while achieving similar performance compared to random batching with a fixed batch size.
description: Accepted to ICASSP 2023
Groups and Semigroups Defined by Colorings of Synchronizing Automata
Creators: name: D'Angeli, Daniele
name: Rodaro, Emanuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 20E08, 05E99, 20M35, 20M05

description: In this paper we combine the algebraic properties of Mealy machines generating self-similar groups and the combinatorial properties of the corresponding deterministic finite automata (DFA). In particular, we relate bounded automata to finitely generated synchronizing automata and characterize finite automata groups in terms of nilpotency of the corresponding DFA. Moreover, we present a decidable sufficient condition to have free semigroups in an automaton group. A series of examples and applications is widely discussed, in particular we show a way to color the De Bruijn automata into Mealy automata whose associated semigroups are free, and we present some structural results related to the associated groups.
Uplink Scheduling in Federated Learning: an Importance-Aware Approach via Graph Representation Learning
Creators: name: Skocaj, Marco
name: Rivera, Pedro Enrique Iturria
name: Verdone, Roberto
name: Erol-Kantarci, Melike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising framework for distributed training of AI-based services, applications, and network procedures in 6G. One of the major challenges affecting the performance and efficiency of 6G wireless FL systems is the massive scheduling of user devices over resource-constrained channels. In this work, we argue that the uplink scheduling of FL client devices is a problem with a rich relational structure. To address this challenge, we propose a novel, energy-efficient, and importance-aware metric for client scheduling in FL applications by leveraging Unsupervised Graph Representation Learning (UGRL). Our proposed approach introduces a relational inductive bias in the scheduling process and does not require the collection of training feedback information from client devices, unlike state-of-the-art importance-aware mechanisms. We evaluate our proposed solution against baseline scheduling algorithms based on recently proposed metrics in the literature. Results show that, when considering scenarios of nodes exhibiting spatial relations, our approach can achieve an average gain of up to 10% in model accuracy and up to 17 times in energy efficiency compared to state-of-the-art importance-aware policies.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, conference paper
Stochastic Policy Gradient Methods: Improved Sample Complexity for Fisher-non-degenerate Policies
Creators: name: Fatkhullin, Ilyas
name: Barakat, Anas
name: Kireeva, Anastasia
name: He, Niao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.1.6
subject: 90C26, 90C15

description: Recently, the impressive empirical success of policy gradient (PG) methods has catalyzed the development of their theoretical foundations. Despite the huge efforts directed at the design of efficient stochastic PG-type algorithms, the understanding of their convergence to a globally optimal policy is still limited. In this work, we develop improved global convergence guarantees for a general class of Fisher-non-degenerate parameterized policies which allows to address the case of continuous state action spaces. First, we propose a Normalized Policy Gradient method with Implicit Gradient Transport (N-PG-IGT) and derive a $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(\varepsilon^{-2.5})$ sample complexity of this method for finding a global $\varepsilon$-optimal policy. Improving over the previously known $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(\varepsilon^{-3})$ complexity, this algorithm does not require the use of importance sampling or second-order information and samples only one trajectory per iteration. Second, we further improve this complexity to $\tilde{ \mathcal{\mathcal{O}} }(\varepsilon^{-2})$ by considering a Hessian-Aided Recursive Policy Gradient ((N)-HARPG) algorithm enhanced with a correction based on a Hessian-vector product. Interestingly, both algorithms are $(i)$ simple and easy to implement: single-loop, do not require large batches of trajectories and sample at most two trajectories per iteration; $(ii)$ computationally and memory efficient: they do not require expensive subroutines at each iteration and can be implemented with memory linear in the dimension of parameters.
description: This work was initially submitted in October 2022
Proechimys cuvieri Petter 1978
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Echimyidae
Proechimys
Proechimys cuvieri

description: Proechimys cuvieri Petter, 1978. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, ser. D, 287:263. TYPE LOCALITY: French Guiana, Saul. DISTRIBUTION: French Guiana; Surinam; Guyana.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 589, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
Small sample properties of rare variant analysis methods
Creators: name: Swartz, Michael
name: Kim, Taebeom
name: Niu, Jiangong
name: Yu, Robert
name: Shete, Sanjay
name: Ionita-Laza, Iuliana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Human genetics--Variation
subject: Biometry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We are now well into the sequencing era of genetic analysis, and methods to investigate rare variants associated with disease remain in high demand. Currently, the more common rare variant analysis methods are burden tests
and variance component tests. This report introduces a burden test known as the modified replication based sum statistic and evaluates its performance, and the performance of other common burden and variance component tests under the setting of a small sample size (103 total cases and controls) using the Genetic Analysis Workshop 18 simulated data with complete knowledge of the simulation model. Specifically we look at the variable threshold sum statistic, replication-based sum statistics, the C-alpha, and sequence kernel association test. Using minor allele frequency thresholds of less than 0.05, we find that the modified replication based sum statistic is competitive with all methods and that using 103 individuals leads to all methods being vastly underpowered. Much larger sample sizes are needed to confidently find truly associated genes.
Comparing the power of family-based association tests for sequence data with applications in the GAW18 simulated data
Creators: name: Huang, Jing
name: Chen, Yong
name: Swartz, Michael
name: Ionita-Laza, Iuliana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Human genetics--Variation
subject: Biometry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We apply a family-based extension of the sequence kernel association test (SKAT) to 93 trios extracted from the 20 pedigrees in the Genetic Analysis Workshop 18 simulated data. Each extracted trio includes a unique set of parents to ensure conditionally independent trios are sampled. We compare the empirical type I error and power between the family-based SKAT and the burden test under varying percentages of causal single-nucleotide polymorphisms included in the analysis. Our investigation using simulated data suggests that, under the setting used for Genetic Analysis Workshop 18 data, both the family-based SKAT and the burden test have limited power, and that there is no substantial impact of percentage of signal on the power of either test. The low power is partially a result of the small sample size. However, we find that both the family-based SKAT and the burden test are more powerful when we use only rare variants, rather than common variants, to test the association.
The Regional Spillover Effects of the Tohoku Earthquake
Creators: name: Dekle, Robert
name: Hong, Eunpyo
name: Xie, Wei
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Industrial productivity
Regional economics--Econometric models
Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami (Japan : 2011)
Commerce

description: In this paper, we trace out how a decline in industrial production in one region can be propagated throughout a country. We use the model to measure how a shock to industrial production in Tohoku--owing to the Earthquake and Tsunami from 2011--can be propagated throughout Japan. In our econometric model, regions and industries within regions are linked by specific structures and these structures discipline how the shocks are spatially propagated.
Changes in vitamin and mineral supplement use after breast cancer diagnosis in the Pathways Study: a prospective cohort study
Creators: name: Greenlee, Heather
name: Kwan, Marilyn
name: Ergas, Isaac
name: Strizich, Garrett
name: Roh, Janise
name: Wilson, Allegra
name: Lee, Marion
name: Sherman, Karen
name: Ambrosone, Christine
name: Hershman, Dawn L.
name: Neugut, Alfred L.
name: Kushi, Lawrence
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Dietary supplements
Breast--Cancer
Oncology

description: Background: Vitamin and mineral supplement use after a breast cancer diagnosis is common and controversial. Dosages used and the timing of initiation and/or discontinuation of supplements have not been clearly described. Methods: We prospectively examined changes in use of 17 vitamin/mineral supplements in the first six months following breast cancer diagnosis among 2,596 members (28% non-white) of Kaiser Permanente Northern California. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine demographic, clinical, and lifestyle predictors of initiation and discontinuation. Results: Most women used vitamin/mineral supplements before (84%) and after (82%) diagnosis, with average doses far in excess of Institute of Medicine reference intakes. Over half (60.2%) reported initiating a vitamin/mineral following diagnosis, 46.3% discontinuing a vitamin/mineral, 65.6% using a vitamin/mineral continuously, and only 7.2% not using any vitamin/mineral supplement before or after diagnosis. The most commonly initiated supplements were calcium (38.2%), vitamin D (32.01%), vitamin B6 (12.3%) and magnesium (11.31%); the most commonly discontinued supplements were multivitamins (17.14%), vitamin C (15.97%) and vitamin E (45.62%). Higher education, higher intake of fruits/vegetables, and receipt of chemotherapy were associated with initiation (p-values <0.05). Younger age and breast-conserving surgery were associated with discontinuation (p-values <0.05). Conclusions: In this large cohort of ethnically diverse breast cancer patients, high numbers of women used vitamin/mineral supplements in the 6 months following breast cancer diagnosis, often at high doses and in combination with other supplements. The immediate period after diagnosis is a critical time for clinicians to counsel women on supplement use.
Energy Loss and Flow of Heavy Quarks in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV
Creators: name: Dion, Alan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: heavy flavor
charm
flow
au+au
electron
azimuthal
anisotropy
run04
emcal
drift chamber

description: This dissertation details the measurement of electrons from heavy quark decays from Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV using the PHENIX detector over a transverse momentum range of 0.3 GeV/c < pT< 9.0 GeV/c. The measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy with respect to the reaction plane of electrons from heavy quark decays is also presented. The nuclear modification factor RAA was calculated from the invariant yield in Au+Au collisions and in p+p collisions.
Isolate record for VAFB-ISO-531
Creators: name: Holloway, Corinne
Year: 1900
Subjects: subject: Santa Barbara (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/3486/santa-barbara-county
subject: Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/85469/vandenberg-air-force-base-vafb
subject: Vandenberg Space Force Base (VSFB)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/85584/vandenberg-space-force-base-vsfb
subject: California (State / Territory)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/1484/california-state-territory
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Chert
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/213/chert
subject: Reconnaissance / Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/7/reconnaissance-survey

description: This document is the isolated find record for VAFB-ISO-531. The artifact is a black and white banded Monterey chert biface.
Relaxing Hardware Requirements for Surface Code Circuits using Time-dynamics
Creators: name: McEwen, Matt
name: Bacon, Dave
name: Gidney, Craig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The typical time-independent view of quantum error correction (QEC) codes hides significant freedom in the decomposition into circuits that are executable on hardware. Using the concept of detecting regions, we design time-dynamic QEC circuits directly instead of designing static QEC codes to decompose into circuits. In particular, we improve on the standard circuit constructions for the surface code, presenting new circuits that can embed on a hexagonal grid instead of a square grid, that can use ISWAP gates instead of CNOT or CZ gates, that can exchange qubit data and measure roles, and that move logical patches around the physical qubit grid while executing. All these constructions use no additional entangling gate layers and display essentially the same logical performance, having teraquop footprints within 25% of the standard surface code circuit. We expect these circuits to be of great interest to quantum hardware engineers, because they achieve essentially the same logical performance as standard surface code circuits while relaxing demands on hardware.
On low-depth algorithms for quantum phase estimation
Creators: name: Ni, Hongkang
name: Li, Haoya
name: Ying, Lexing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81P60

description: Quantum phase estimation is one of the critical building blocks of quantum computing. For early fault-tolerant quantum devices, it is desirable for a quantum phase estimation algorithm to (1) use a minimal number of ancilla qubits, (2) allow for inexact initial states with a significant mismatch, (3) achieve the Heisenberg limit for the total resource used, and (4) have a diminishing prefactor for the maximum circuit length when the overlap between the initial state and the target state approaches one. In this paper, we prove that an existing algorithm from quantum metrology can achieve the first three requirements. As a second contribution, we propose a modified version of the algorithm that also meets the fourth requirement, which makes it particularly attractive for early fault-tolerant quantum devices.
description: Accepted at Quantum
Effect of loss on the dispersion relation of photonic and phononic crystals
Creators: name: Laude, Vincent
name: Escalante, Jose Maria
name: Martinez, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical analysis is made of the transformation of the dispersion relation of waves in artificial crystals under the influence of loss, including the case of photonic and phononic crystals. Considering a general dispersion relation in implicit form, an analytic procedure is derived to obtain the transformed dispersion relation. It is shown that the dispersion relation is generally shifted in the complex $(k,ω)$ plane, with $k$ the wavenumber and $ω$ the angular frequency. The value of the shift is obtained explicitly as a function of the perturbation of material constants accounting for loss. The method is shown to predict correctly the transformation of the complex band structure $k(ω)$. Several models of the dispersion relation near a symmetry point of the Brillouin zone are analyzed. A lower bound for the group velocity, related to the local shape of the band around symmetry points, is derived for each case.
Thin cylindrical magnetic nanodots revisited: variational formulation, accurate solution and phase diagram
Creators: name: Müller, Alexander
name: Bischoff, Manfred
name: Keip, Marc-André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the variational formulation and corresponding minimizing energies for the detection of energetically favorable magnetization states of thin cylindrical magnetic nanodots. Opposed to frequently used heuristic procedures found in the literature, we revisit the underlying governing equations and construct a rigorous variational approach that takes both exchange and demagnetization energy into account. Based on a combination of Ritz's method and a Fourier series expansion of the solution field, we are able to pinpoint the precision of solutions, which are given by vortex modes or single-domain states, down to an arbitrary degree of precision. Furthermore, our model allows to derive an expression for the demagnetization energy in closed form for the in-plane single-domain state, which we compare to results from the literature. A key outcome of the present investigation is an accurate phase diagram, which we obtain by comparing the vortex mode's energy minimizers with those of the single-domain states. This phase diagram is validated with data of two- and three-dimensional models from literature. By means of the phase diagram, we particularly find the critical radius at which the vortex mode becomes unfavorable with machine precision. All relevant data and codes related to the present contribution are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.18419/darus-3103.
Networked Embedded Control Systems: from Modelling to Implementation
Creators: name: Di Benedetto, Maria Domenica
name: Pola, Giordano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Networked Embedded Control Systems are distributed control systems where the communication among plants, sensors, actuators and controllers occurs in a shared network. They have been the subject of intensive study in the last few years. In this paper we survey our contribution to this research topic.
description: In Proceedings HAS 2013, arXiv:1308.4904
Proechimys dimidiatus
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Echimyidae
Proechimys
Proechimys dimidiatus

description: Proechimys dimidiatus (Gunther, 1877). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1876:747. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro. DISTRIBUTION: E. Brazil. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410029011003001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 589, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
Cosmologically Varying Kinetic Mixing
Creators: name: Gan, Xucheng
name: Liu, Di
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The portal connecting the invisible and visible sectors is one of the most natural explanations of the dark world. However, the early-time dark matter production via the portal faces extremely stringent late-time constraints. To solve such tension, we construct the scalar-controlled kinetic mixing varying with the ultralight CP-even scalar's cosmological evolution. To realize this and eliminate the constant mixing, we couple the ultralight scalar within $10^{-33}\text{eV} \lesssim m_0 \ll \text{eV}$ with the heavy doubly charged messengers and impose the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry under the dark charge conjugation. Via the varying mixing, the $\text{keV}-\text{MeV}$ dark photon dark matter is produced through the early-time freeze-in when the scalar is misaligned from the origin and free from the late-time exclusions when the scalar does the damped oscillation and dynamically sets the kinetic mixing. We also find that the scalar-photon coupling emerges from the underlying physics, which changes the cosmological history and provides the experimental targets based on the fine-structure constant variation and the equivalence principle violation. To ensure the scalar naturalness, we discretely re-establish the broken shift symmetry by embedding the minimal model into the $\mathbb{Z}_N$-protected model. When $N \sim 10$, the scalar's mass quantum correction can be suppressed much below $10^{-33}\text{eV}$.
description: v2: 26 pages, 3 appendices, 10 figures, main text streamlined, references added, results and conclusions unchanged
Growth Convergence and the Middle Income Trap
Creators: name: Ito, Takatoshi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Economic development
Currency crises
Global Financial Crisis (2008-2009)
Convergence (Economics)
Finance

description: Asian emerging market countries have followed growth convergence from a low-income, high-growth state to a middle-income, middle-growth state through industrialization. The economic development of Japan was first followed by the “four tigers” in the 1970s, by the ASEAN countries in the 1980s, and China in the 1990s to 2000s. Asian economies were
severely affected by the Asian Currency Crisis of 1997-98, and again by the Global Financial Crisis of 2008-09, but much more so by the former. The growth rates of Asian countries are slowing over time. The growth rate may fall to the advanced countries level, before the income level fully catches up to the advanced countries’ level, which is defined as the middle income trap in the paper. This paper proposes a hypothesis that there exist three convergence paths in Asia: low-income, middle-income, and high-income. Countries need to shift from one convergence path to a higher one by implementing economic and political reforms that would generate innovations. Without reform, countries may fall into a low-income trap or a middle-income trap. The findings in the paper have important implications for the literature about
middle-income traps. Providing an interpretation of the middle-income trap in the growth convergence framework is novel. Empirical investigations using panel data are also new. Some Asian countries are successfully transforming to a high-income convergence path, but others have failed thus far to make that transition. However, these results are more in the form of suggestive evidence than a hypothesis testing due to the limited sample size.
Optimal Transport for Change Detection on LiDAR Point Clouds
Creators: name: Fiorucci, Marco
name: Naylor, Peter
name: Yamada, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Unsupervised change detection between airborne LiDAR data points, taken at separate times over the same location, can be difficult due to unmatching spatial support and noise from the acquisition system. Most current approaches to detect changes in point clouds rely heavily on the computation of Digital Elevation Models (DEM) images and supervised methods. Obtaining a DEM leads to LiDAR informational loss due to pixelisation, and supervision requires large amounts of labelled data often unavailable in real-world scenarios. We propose an unsupervised approach based on the computation of the transport of 3D LiDAR points over two temporal supports. The method is based on unbalanced optimal transport and can be generalised to any change detection problem with LiDAR data. We apply our approach to publicly available datasets for monitoring urban sprawling in various noise and resolution configurations that mimic several sensors used in practice. Our method allows for unsupervised multi-class classification and outperforms the previous state-of-the-art unsupervised approaches by a significant margin.
description: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No101027956. Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie Action (Individual Fellowship): OPtimal Transport for Identifying Marauder Activities on LiDAR (OPTIMAL) https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101027956
Corispermum squarrosum Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Caryophyllales
Amaranthaceae
Corispermum
Corispermum squarrosum

description: Corispermum squarrosum, spec. nov.
 2. Corispermum spicis squarrosis. Hort. ups.3. *
 Rhagrostis foliis arundinaceis. Buxb. cent.3. p.30. t.55.
 Habitat ad Wolgam Tartariae , inque desertis Cossacorum . ☉.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
Helicity-dependent Ultrafast Photocurrents in Weyl Magnet Mn$_3$Sn
Creators: name: Hamara, Dominik
name: Lange, Gunnar F.
name: Kholid, Farhan Nur
name: Markou, Anastasios
name: Felser, Claudia
name: Slager, Robert-Jan
name: Ciccarelli, Chiara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an optical pump-THz emission study on non-collinear antiferromagnet Mn$_3$Sn. We show that Mn$_3$Sn acts as a source of THz radiation when irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses. The polarity and amplitude of the emitted THz fields can be fully controlled by the polarisation of optical excitation. We explain the THz emission with the photocurrents generated via the photon drag effect by combining various experimental measurements as a function of pump polarisation, magnetic field, and sample orientation with thorough symmetry analysis of response tensors.
description: 10+13 pages; 4+5 figures
Colonic atresia and anorectal malformation in a Haitian patient: a case study of rare diseases
Creators: name: Derenoncourt, Max
name: Baltazar, Gerard
name: Lubell, Tamar
name: Ruscica, Alice
name: Sahyoun, Cyril D
name: Velcek, Francisca
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Abnormalities, Human
Colon (Anatomy)
Medical sciences

description: Introduction: Colonic atresia and anorectal malformation are rare congenital anomalies individually. Few reports of the conditions combined in a single patient have been published in the literature. Neither colonic atresia, anorectal malformation or a combination of the disorders has previously been reported in the Haitian population. Case presentation: A 5-day-old female presented with feculent emesis, failure to pass stool since birth and an imperforate and stenotic anus. Exploratory laparotomy revealed colorectal atresia distal to a malformed cecum and a Wingspread low subtype anorectal malformation without any associated urogenital fistulae. Temporizing percutaneous ileal drainage was followed by second-stage anal perforation and dilation, ileal J-pouch and pull through. Discussion: This is the first reported case of colonic atresia, anorectal malformation or the combination of the disorders among the Haitian population and one of only a handful of such cases reported worldwide. Although vascular accidents in utero have been implicated as the etiology of colonic atresia, simultaneous presence of anorectal malformation suggests a multifactorial cause. Investigation for multisystem abnormalities is warranted. Two-staged operative correction is considered the best treatment; however, long-term postoperative outcomes are uncertain. Conclusion: The coexistence of colonic atresia and anorectal malformation is a very rare occurrence and presents unique clinical and operative challenges. Investigation for additional congenital abnormalities is appropriate, and although two-stage operative correction is considered the best treatment, long-term outcomes are uncertain.
Preconception maternal nutrition: a multi-site randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Hambidge, K
name: Krebs, Nancy
name: Westcott, Jamie
name: Garces, Ana
name: Goudar, Shivaprasad
name: Kodkany, Balachandra
name: Pasha, Omrana
name: Tshefu, Antoinette
name: Bose, Carl
name: Figueroa, Lester
name: Goldenberg, Robert L.
name: Derman, Richard
name: Friedman, Jacob
name: Frank, Daniel
name: McClure, Elizabeth
name: Stolka, Kristen
name: Das, Abhik
name: Koso-Thomas, Marion
name: Sundberg, Shelly
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Preconception care
Mothers--Nutrition
Obstetrics
Gynecology

description: Background: Research directed to optimizing maternal nutrition commencing prior to conception remains very limited, despite suggestive evidence of its importance in addition to ensuring an optimal nutrition environment in the periconceptional period and throughout the first trimester of pregnancy. Methods/Study design: This is an individually randomized controlled trial of the impact on birth length (primary outcome) of the time at which a maternal nutrition intervention is commenced: Arm 1: ≥ 3 mo preconception vs. Arm 2: 12-14 wk gestation vs. Arm 3: none. 192 (derived from 480) randomized mothers and living offspring in each arm in each of four research sites (Guatemala, India, Pakistan, Democratic Republic of the Congo). The intervention is a daily 20 g lipid-based (118 kcal) multi-micronutient (MMN) supplement. Women randomized to receive this intervention with body mass index (BMI) <20 or whose gestational weight gain is low will receive an additional 300 kcal/d as a balanced energy-protein supplement. Researchers will visit homes biweekly to deliver intervention and monitor compliance, pregnancy status and morbidity; ensure prenatal and delivery care; and promote breast feeding. The primary outcome is birth length. Secondary outcomes include: fetal length at 12 and 34 wk; incidence of low birth weight (LBW); neonatal/infant anthropometry 0-6 mo of age; infectious disease morbidity; maternal, fetal, newborn, and infant epigenetics; maternal and infant nutritional status; maternal and infant microbiome; gut inflammatory biomarkers and bioactive and nutritive compounds in breast milk. The primary analysis will compare birth Length-for-Age Z-score (LAZ) among trial arms (independently for each site, estimated effect size: 0.35). Additional statistical analyses will examine the secondary outcomes and a pooled analysis of data from all sites. Discussion: Positive results of this trial will support a paradigm shift in attention to nutrition of all females of child-bearing age. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01883193.