cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Simulation of Groundwater Flow in Cache Valley, Utah and Idaho
Creators: name: Myers, Barry
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2003

description: A groundwater model of Cache Valley was created using MODFLOW. Steady-state calibration of the model demonstrated that recharge to the lower confined aquifer may occur along the margin of the valley that borders the Wellsville Mountains and the Bear River Range. Steady-state calibration also showed that discharge from the unconfined aquifer may occur along the eastern and western margins of the valley in both the Utah and the Idaho portions of the valley. Two simulations were run with increased pumping of 3 5 cubic feet per second (1 cubic meter per second) from the principal aquifer. The first simulation was run with the average annual precipitation value of 1.2 feet per year (0.36 meters per year), while the second was run with a less than average annual precipitation value of 1 foot per year (0.3 meters per year). The first simulation produced very little change within the unconfined aquifer. The discharge from the groundwater system through springs, seepage to streams, evapotranspiration, and general head boundaries remained unchanged with the increase in discharge through pumping. This indicates that the two continuous, confining layers that blanket the valley may serve as a barrier to groundwater flow between the unconfined and lower confined aquifer. The increased pumping within the principal aquifer did not stimulate increased recharge along the western margin of the valley. This indicates that true steady-state conditions were not achieved in the amount of time that the model had indicated. During the second simulation, decreased recharge to the groundwater system through infiltration of precipitation caused a decrease in discharge from the groundwater system through seepage to streams, springs, evapotranspiration, and general head boundaries. The increased pumping within the principal aquifer also did not stimulate increased recharge along the western margin of the valley. As with the first simulation, this indicates that true steady-state conditions were not achieved in the amount of time that the model had indicated. A sensitivity analysis of the model concluded that the hydraulic conductivity of the two continuous, confining layers that blanket the valley proved to have a relatively substantial impact on the water levels in the confined aquifers. The sensitivity analysis also showed that altering the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the lower confined aquifer produced minimal head changes.
title: Cattle as Grazing Management and Seed Dispersal Tools for Increasing Native Species Diversity on Great Basin Rangelands
Creators: name: Whitacre, Marina K
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2004

description: A series of experiments evaluated: 1) the influence of seed intake and gut
retention time on seed passage , recovery , and germinability; 2) fecal seeding and
broadcast /trampling as techniques to incorporate seeds into a well-established
Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schult. stand in Skull Valley , Utah; 3) intensive
grazing as a means to reduce Agropyron biomass and increase establishment and
survival of seeded species; and 4) the recovery and germinability of seed extracted
from dung collected from the field. Two shrubs (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp.
wyomingensis Beetle & Young and Atriplex confertifolia Torr. & Frem.), a grass
(Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey) , and a forb (Sphaeralcea grossulariaefolia (H. &
A.) Rydb.) were selected as representative native species. Holstein heifers were fed
15,000 , 30 ,000 , and 60,000 seeds of Artemisia , Sphaeralcea, and Elymus. Elymus
recovery was negatively correlated to seed intake. Sphaeralcea had the highest
percentage of recovered, undamaged seed, followed by Elymus and Artemisia.
Sphaeralcea and Artemisia seed passage was highest on Day 1 then dropped sharply.
Elymus passage and recovery were more consistent through time. Post-passage
germjnability was highest for Elymus and Sphaeralcea on Day 1. Artemisia
germjnation was neghgible.
In the fall seeding, Sphaeralcea emerged in 6% of the subplots (half were
volunteers). Overall seedling mortality was 93%. Elymus emerged in 63% of the
dung pats, with 86% mortality. No Artemisia emerged. Drought and Anabrus
simplex herbivory contributed to low seedling emergence and survival. In April
2003, similar treatments were applied, except Atriplex seed was substituted for
Artemisia, and a third treatment was added (broadcast seeding/raking). No
emergence was observed. Sphaeralcea had the highest seed recovery from dung
collected in the field trials, followed by Elymus, Atriplex, and Artemisia.
Sphaeralcea germinability was similar for seeds collected from both trials (11 %) and
Elymus germination was highest in the fall seeding (13%).
These studies indicate that: 1) physical seed properties (size, shape, density,
seed coat) influence seed passage , recovery, and germination; 2) intensive grazing
can reduce Agropyron biomass by 50% for 2 years; 3) broadcast/trampling may be
effective for Sphaeralcea; and 4) an average-sized dung pat (714 g) may have ample
germinable Sphaeralcea and Elymus seeds for plant establishment.
Impact of Kondo correlations and spin-orbit coupling on spin-polarized transport in carbon nanotube quantum dot
Creators: name: Krychowski, D.
name: Lipiński, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin polarized transport through a quantum dot coupled to ferromagnetic electrodes with noncollinear magnetizations is discussed in terms of nonequilibrium Green functions formalism in the finite-U slave boson mean field approximation. The difference of orientations of the magnetizations of electrodes opens off-diagonal spin-orbital transmission and apart from spin currents of longitudinal polarization also spin-flip currents appear. We also study equilibrium pure spin current at zero bias and discuss its dependence on magnetization orientation, spin-orbit coupling strength and gate voltage. Impact of these factors on tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) is also undertaken. In general spin-orbit coupling weakens TMR, but it can change its sign.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 3 of Compliance with national snakebite treatment guidelines in rural Sri Lankan hospitals: a cluster randomized controlled trial of a brief educational intervention
Creators: name: Shahmy, Seyed
name: Kularatne, Senanayake A. M.
name: Gawarammana, Indika B.
name: Rathnayake, Shantha S.
name: Dawson, Andrew H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: 24 Predetermined Points.
title: Natural and Anthropogenic Effects on Life History Characteristics in the Side-blotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)
Creators: name: Smith, Geoffrey David Stuart
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Survival is a prerequisite for successful reproduction, and is thus intertwined with fitness. Some physiological systems can improve survival, like the immune system, but compete with other processes for resources. Because animals evolved with resource limitation, it is important to understand how these resource-allocation decisions are made. To meet this end, I performed four investigations addressing how life-history characteristics shift in side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana) using laboratory studies and multi-year field sampling. First, I measured metabolic rates in response to different immune challenges and different energy states in male lizards. I found that, surprisingly, cutaneous biopsies were associated with a downregulation of metabolic rate, lipopolysaccharide injection did not affect metabolic rate, and the fastest-healing individuals had the largest decrease in metabolic rate, regardless of feeding treatment. In my second experiment, female lizards were challenged with a cutaneous biopsy and follicle-stimulating hormone to force a trade-off between the reproductive and immune systems. I learned that follicle-stimulating hormone increased metabolic rates and cutaneous biopsies decreased them, and that a combination of both treatments reduced metabolic rate the most. In my third experiment, I sampled wild lizards from northern populations in eastern Oregon and southern populations in southern Utah. In the first year, longer-lived northern lizards had higher circulating corticosterone concentration, decreased reproductive investment, and increased microbiocidal ability, but the subsequent year did not hold to these trends. A subsequent common-garden experiment revealed that southern lizards were faster at healing cutaneous wounds, but lost much more body mass than the northern individuals, which healed more slowly but maintained body mass. Finally, I have conducted a 5-year field investigation addressing the life-history trade-offs associated with urbanization, which reveals interesting effects of precipitation on survival and reproductive effort at urban and rural sites.
Different molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Clostridium difficile in the Asia-Pacific region*
Creators: name: Luo, Yun
name: Cheong, Elaine
name: Bian, Qiao
name: Collins, Deirdre A.
name: Ye, Julian
name: Shin, Jeong Hwan
name: Yam, Wing Cheong
name: Takata, Tohru
name: Song, Xiaojun
name: Wang, Xianjun
name: Kamboj, Mini
name: Gottlieb, Thomas
name: Jiang, Jianmin
name: Riley, Thomas V.
name: Tang, Yi-Wei
name: Jin, Dazhi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has been extensively studied in North America and Europe; however, limited data on CDI are available in the Asia-Pacific region. A multicentre retrospective study was conducted in this region. C. difficile isolates were subjected to multilocus sequence typing (ST) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Totally, 394 isolates were collected from Hangzhou, Hong Kong, China; Busan, South Korea; Fukuoka, Japan; Singapore; Perth, Sydney, Australia; New York, the United States. C. difficile isolates included 337 toxin A-positive/B-positive/binary toxin-negative (A+B+CDT-), 48 A-B+CDT-, and nine A+B+CDT+. Distribution of dominant STs varied geographically with ST17 in Fukuoka (18.6%), Busan (56.0%), ST2 in Sydney (20.4%), Perth (25.8%). The antimicrobial resistance patterns were significantly different among the eight sites (χ2 = 325.64, p < 0.001). Five major clonal complexes correlated with unique antimicrobial resistances. Healthcare-associated (HA) CDI was mainly from older patients with more frequent antimicrobial use and higher A-B+ positive rates. Higher resistance to gatifloxacin, tetracycline, and erythromycin were observed in HA-CDI patients (χ2 = 4.76-7.89, p = 0.005-0.029). In conclusion, multiple C. difficile genotypes with varied antimicrobial resistance patterns have been circulating in the Asia-Pacific region. A-B+ isolates from older patients with prior antimicrobial use were correlated with HA-CDI.
Additional file 11 of Functional gene-guided enrichment plus in situ microsphere cultivation enables isolation of new crucial ureolytic bacteria from the rumen of cattle
Creators: name: Liu, Sijia
name: Yu, Zhongtang
name: Zhong, Huiyue
name: Zheng, Nan
name: Huws, Sharon
name: Wang, Jiaqi
name: Zhao, Shengguo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: Additional file 11: Supplementary Fig. 6. Urea hydrolysis rates (A) and urea-utilization rates of each ureolytic isolate per unit of culture optical density (OD, n = 3).
An evolutionary divergent pestivirus lacking the Npro gene systemically infects a whale species
Creators: name: Jo, Wendy K.
name: van Elk, Cornelis
name: van de Bildt, Marco
name: van Run, Peter
name: Petry, Monique
name: Jesse, Sonja T.
name: Jung, Klaus
name: Ludlow, Martin
name: Kuiken, Thijs
name: Osterhaus, Albert
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Pestiviruses typically infect members of the order Artiodactyla, including ruminants and pigs, although putative rat and bat pestiviruses have also been described. In the present study, we identified and characterized an evolutionary divergent pestivirus in the toothed whale species, harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). We tentatively named the virus Phocoena pestivirus (PhoPeV). PhoPeV displays a typical pestivirus genome organization except for the unique absence of Npro, an N-terminal autoprotease that targets the innate host immune response. Evolutionary evidence indicates that PhoPeV emerged following an interspecies transmission event from an ancestral pestivirus that expressed Npro. We show that 9% (n = 10) of stranded porpoises from the Dutch North Sea coast (n = 112) were positive for PhoPeV and they displayed a systemic infection reminiscent of non-cytopathogenic persistent pestivirus infection. The identification of PhoPeV extends the host range of pestiviruses to cetaceans (dolphins, whales, porpoises), which are considered to have evolved from artiodactyls (even-toed ungulates). Elucidation of the pathophysiology of PhoPeV infection and Npro unique absence will add to our understanding of molecular mechanisms governing pestivirus pathogenesis.
Digital Learning of Machines and its Interfacing Techniques. American Journal of Scientific Research and Essays,(AJSRE -2019).4:25
Creators: name: Nair, Prashant Unnikrishnan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90602 Control Systems, Robotics and Automation
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 91007 Manufacturing Robotics and Mechatronics (excl. Automotive Mechatronics)

description: Paper discusses a unique robot interface model that facilitates direct communication with any intelligent or learning system of artificial intelligence. Learning aspects improves efficiencies where the interface allows learning of movements for optimized routes and replication of action performed previously by selecting the shortest paths.
The Ejecta Distributions of the Heavy Elements in the Cygnus Loop
Creators: name: Uchida, Hiroyuki
name: Tsunemi, Hiroshi
name: Katsuda, Satoru
name: Kimura, Masashi
name: Kosugi, Hiroko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyzed the metal distribution of the Cygnus Loop using 14 and 7 pointings observation data obtained by the \textit{Suzaku} and the \textit{XMM-Newton} observatories. The spectral analysis shows that all the spectra are well fitted by the two-$kT_e$ non-equilibrium ionization plasma model as shown by the earlier observations. From the best-fit parameters of the high-$kT_e$ component, we calculated the emission measures about various elements and showed the metal distribution of the ejecta component. We found that the distributions of Si and Fe are centered at the southwest of the geometric center toward the blow-out region. From the best-fit parameters, we also estimated the progenitor mass of the Cygnus Loop from our field of view and the metal rich region with a radius of 25 arcmin from the metal center. The result from the metal circle is similar to that from our entire FOV, which suggests the mixing of the metal. From the results, we estimated the mass of the progenitor star at 12-15\MO.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, PASJ, Vol.61, No.2
title: Structural and Kinematic Evolution of Eocene-Oligocene Grasshopper Extensional Basin, Southwest Montana
Creators: name: Kickham, Julie C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2002

description: The Grasshopper basin of southwest Montana is a complex east-dipping graben containing five unconformity-bounded sequences of Tertiary sedimentary rocks. The Eocene-Oligocene basin lies within the northern Rocky Mountain Basin and Range province. Geologic mapping in five and a half 7.5 minute quadrangles indicates that at least three distinct phases of extension characterize the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Grasshopper basin from approximately 46 Ma toMa.
The significant phases of extension in Grasshopper basin were phases 1 and 3. During the first phase of extension (46-27 Ma) the nonplanar Muddy-Grasshopper fault was initiated and 90% of the basin fill was deposited. At least 7 km of dip-slip displacement along this fault controlled the deposition of the Medicine Lodge beds (3.5 km thick) and development of a transverse fold train and a longitudinal anticline. The second phase of extension (late Eocene-early Oligocene) resulted in northwest-southeast trending extensional structures and was probably coincident with deformation along the Lemhi Pass fault (20 km to the southwest). The third phase of deformation (early Oligocene-middle Miocene) dismembered the once larger protobasin into smaller subbasins and tilted the northwest-dipping limb of the longitudinal anticline. The structures formed during this phase have north-south and northeast trends. Little sediment was deposited during phases 2 and 3. Overall >85% E-W extension accrued.
Extensional folds are common in Grasshopper basin and formed during all three phases of extension. One orthogonal fold set was recorded. Two-dimensional kinematic analysis of the longitudinal Bachelor Mountain anticline shows that this fold is a double-­rollover that probably developed above a longitudinal ramp in the Muddy-Grasshopper fault. The transverse folds are the result of the changing strike of the downward­-flattening Muddy-Grasshopper fault. A transverse syncline developed above a convex up part of the fault whereas a transverse anticline formed above a concave up part of the fault that reflects changes in the strike of the fault. Three-dimensional inclined shear probably created this geometry.
Effective Elastic Moduli in Solids with High Crack Density
Creators: name: Spatschek, Robert
name: Gugenberger, Clemens
name: Brener, Efim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the weakening of elastic materials through randomly distributed circles and cracks numerically and compare the results to predictions from homogenization theories. We find a good agreement for the case of randomly oriented cracks of equal length in an isotropic plane-strain medium for lower crack densities; for higher densities the material is weaker than predicted due to precursors of percolation. For a parallel alignment of cracks, where percolation does not occur, we analytically predict a power law decay of the effective elastic constants for high crack densities, and confirm this result numerically.
description: 8 pages
Digital Learning of Machines and its Interfacing Techniques. American Journal of Scientific Research and Essays,2019.4:25
Creators: name: Nair, Prashant Unnikrishnan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90602 Control Systems, Robotics and Automation
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 91007 Manufacturing Robotics and Mechatronics (excl. Automotive Mechatronics)

description: Paper discusses a unique robot interface model that facilitates direct communication with any intelligent or learning system of artificial intelligence. Learning aspects improves efficiencies where the interface allows learning of movements for optimized routes and replication of action performed previously by selecting the shortest paths.
EarlyCause - Deliverable 2.2: Data Coordination Centre
Creators: name: Ahamed, Alisha
name: Rajan, Jeena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: This deliverable explains the function and features of the Data Coordination Centre (DCC) with regard to the EarlyCause project and outlines various methods for project partners to store, access and analyse data. The ultimate aim is to build a centralised research platform using the existing ELIXIR1 infrastructure to enable integration and management of multi-dimensional data, thus allowing a rich search and browse environment for the discovery and selection of appropriate data sets with relevant project protocols for further exploration of causative mechanisms and molecular pathways linking early life stress (ELS) to psycho-cardiometabolic multi-morbidity. The DCC will provide comprehensive support to project partners, as well as a foundation to be sustained beyond the term of the project to support ongoing research in this important domain.
description: This deliverable has been produced in the context of the EarlyCause ("Causative mechanisms & integrative models linking early-life-stress to psycho-cardio-metabolic multi-morbidity") Research and Innovation Action, funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 programme (grant agreement No 848158).
Additional file 1 of Usability and acceptability of self-testing for hepatitis C virus exposure in a high-prevalence urban informal settlement in Karachi, Pakistan
Creators: name: Mazzilli, Sara
name: Aslam, Muhammad K.
name: Akhtar, Javed
name: Miazek, Marta
name: Wailly, Yves
name: Hamid, Saeed
name: Shilton, Sonjelle
name: Donchuk, Dimitri
name: de Glanville, William A.
name: Isaakidis, Petros
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Additional file 7 of Compliance with national snakebite treatment guidelines in rural Sri Lankan hospitals: a cluster randomized controlled trial of a brief educational intervention
Creators: name: Shahmy, Seyed
name: Kularatne, Senanayake A. M.
name: Gawarammana, Indika B.
name: Rathnayake, Shantha S.
name: Dawson, Andrew H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 7: Formulas for R script.
title: The Quaternary Stratigraphy of the Henrys Fork and Western Browns Park, Northeastern Uinta Mountains, Utah and Wyoming
Creators: name: Counts, Ronald C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2005

description: The landscape evolution of the northeastern Uinta Mountains and the manner in which climatic and tectonic forcing have influenced it are not well constrained. Surficial deposits covering ~325 km2 below the glacial termini in the Henrys Fork and ~50 km2 along the Green River in western Browns Park were mapped at 1:24,000 scale to develop a Quaternary stratigraphic framework for the northeastern Uinta Mountains.
The Henrys Fork mapping area spans from late Wisconsinan moraines to Flaming Gorge Reservoir. The Henrys Fork stratigraphy contains 10 mainstem gravels, six piedmont gravels, and landslide deposits. Terraces preserved along the Henrys Fork converge downstream and are strath terraces underlain by clast-supported, cobble gravel derived from the Uinta Mountain Group and Paleozoic limestone units. The Henrys Fork terrace stratigraphy was correlated to the Wind River terrace stratigraphy for age control, and incision rates were estimated at 80-110 m/m.y.
The Browns Park mapping area includes Little Hole and continues through lower Red Canyon into westernmost Browns Park, ending at the Warren Draw-Swallow Canyon quadrangle boundary. The Browns Park stratigraphy includes eight mainstem gravels, five piedmont gravels, and various landslide, colluvial, and eolian deposits. A tuffaceous bed with Lava Creek Bash (640 ka) was identified near the top of a deposit at Little Hole that was previously mapped as Miocene basin fill. Minimum Green River incision rates were estimated between 90 and 115 m/m.y. using the Lava Creek Bash for age control. These rates are comparable to estimates for the Henrys Fork, but are about half of the rates reported for the south flank of the Uintas and other central Rocky Mountain ranges.
A series of three distinct deposits in western Browns Park are interpreted as evidence for the landslide impoundment and subsequent outburst flooding of the Green River. These include slackwater deposits at Little Hole, an outburst flood deposit in western Browns Park, and a large paleolandslide deposit that lies between them. Estimates of sediment accumulation rates behind the paleolandslide dam suggest it was stable for ~605 years. Peak discharge estimates from impounded water volume estimates and paleoflow competence indicators suggest that the resulting outburst flood was ~22,000 m3/s.
title: Quantifying Riverbed Sediment Using Recreational-Grade Side Scan Sonar
Creators: name: Hamill, Daniel
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: The size and organization of bed material, bed texture, is a fundamental attribute of channels and is one component of the physical habitat of aquatic ecosystems. Multiple discipline-specific definitions of texture exist and there is not a universally accepted metric(s) to quantify the spectrum of possible bed textures found in aquatic environments. Moreover, metrics to describe texture are strictly statistical. Recreational-grade side scan sonar systems now offer the possibility of imaging submerged riverbed sediment at resolutions potentially sufficient to identify subtle changes in bed texture with minimal cost,expertise in sonar, or logistical effort. However, inferring riverbed sediment from side scan sonar data is limited because recreational-grade systems were not designed for this purpose and methods to interpret the data have relied on manual and semi-automated routines. Visual interpretation of side scan sonar data is not practically applied to large volumes of data because it is labor intensive and lacks reproducibility. This thesis addresses current limitations associated with visual interpretation with two objectives: 1) objectively quantify side scan sonar imagery texture, and 2) develop an automated texture segmentation algorithm for broad-scale substrate characterization.
To address objective 1), I used a time series of imagery collected along a 1.6 km reach of the Colorado River in Marble Canyon, AZ. A statistically based texture analysis was performed on georeferenced side scan sonar imagery to identify objective metrics that could be used to discriminate different sediment types. A Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix based texture analysis was found to successfully discriminate the textures associated with different sediment types. Texture varies significantly at the scale of ≈ 9 m2 on side scan sonar imagery on a regular 25 cm grid. A minimum of three and maximum of five distinct textures could be observed directly from side scan sonar imagery. To address objective 2), linear least squares and a Gaussian mixture modeling approach were developed and tested. Both sediment classification methods were found to successfully classify heterogeneous riverbeds into homogeneous patches of sand, gravel, and boulders. Gaussian mixture models outperformed the least squares models because they classified gravel with the highest accuracies.Additionally, substrate maps derived from a Gaussian modeling approach were found to be able to better estimate reach averaged proportions of different sediments types when they were compared to similar maps derived from multibeam sonar.
Measuring Distance Ratios with CMB-Galaxy Lensing Cross-correlations
Creators: name: Das, Sudeep
name: Spergel, David N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method for cosmographic measurements by combining gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) with cosmic shear surveys. We cross-correlate the galaxy counts in the lens plane with two different source planes: the CMB at $z \sim 1100$ and galaxies at an intermediate redshift. The ratio of the galaxy count/CMB lensing cross-correlation to the galaxy count/galaxy lensing cross correlation is shown to be a purely geometric quantity, depending only on the distribution function of the source galaxies. By combining Planck, ADEPT and LSST the ratio can be measured to $\sim 4%$ accuracy, whereas a future polarization based experiment like CMBPOL can make a more precise ($\sim 1%$) measurement. For cosmological models where the curvature and the equation of state parameter are allowed to vary, the direction of degeneracy defined by the measurement of this ratio is different from that traced out by Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) measurements. Combining this method with the stacked cluster mass reconstruction cosmography technique as proposed by Hu, Holz and Vale (2007), the uncertainty in the ratio can be further reduced, improving the constraints on cosmological parameters. We also study the implications of the lensing-ratio measurement for early dark energy models, in context of the parameterization proposed by Doran and Robbers (2006). For models which are degenerate with respect to the CMB, we find both BAO and lensing-ratio measurements to be insensitive to the early component of the dark energy density.
description: 8 pages; 7 figures
XERUS: An open-source tool for quick XRD phase identification and refinement automation
Creators: name: de Castro, Pedro Baptista
name: Terashima, Kensei
name: Echevarría, Miren Garbiñe Esparza
name: Takeya, Hiroyuki
name: Takano, Yoshihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analysis of XRD diffraction patterns is one of the keystones of materials science and materials research. With the advancement of data-driven methods for materials design, candidate materials can be quickly screened for the study of a desired physical property. Efficient methods to automatically analyze and identify phases present in a given pattern, are paramount for the success of this new paradigm. To aid this process, the open source python package Xray Estimation and Refinement Using Similarity (XERUS) for semi-automatic/automatic phase identification is presented. XERUS takes advantages of open crystal structure databases, not relying on proprietary databases, to obtain crystal structures on the fly, being then chemical space agnostic. By wrapping around GSASII, it can automatically simulate patterns and calculate similarity measures used for phase identification. Our approach is simple and quick but also applicable to multiphase identification, by coupling the similarity calculations with quick refinements followed by an iterative peak removal process. XERUS is shown in action in four different experimental datasets and also it is benchmarked against a recently proposed deep learning method for a mixture dataset covering the Li-Mn-O-F chemical space. XERUS will be freely available on https://www.github.com/pedrobcst/Xerus/
Isobaric Yield Ratios and The Symmetry Energy In Fermi Energy Heavy Ion Reactions
Creators: name: Huang, M.
name: Chen, Z.
name: Kowalski, S.
name: Ma, Y. G.
name: Wada, R.
name: Keutgen, T.
name: Hagel, K.
name: Wang, J.
name: Qin, L.
name: Natowitz, J. B.
name: Materna, T.
name: Sahu, P. K.
name: Barbui, M.
name: Bottosso, C.
name: Rodrigues, M. R. D.
name: Bonasera, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relative isobaric yields of fragments produced in a series of heavy ion induced multifragmentation reactions have been analyzed in the framework of a Modified Fisher Model, primarily to determine the ratio of the symmetry energy coefficient to the temperature, $a_a/T$, as a function of fragment mass A. The extracted values increase from 5 to ~16 as A increases from 9 to 37. These values have been compared to the results of calculations using the Antisymmetrized Molecular Dynamics (AMD) model together with the statistical decay code Gemini. The calculated ratios are in good agreement with those extracted from the experiment. In contrast, the ratios determined from fitting the primary fragment distributions from the AMD model calculation are ~ 4 and show little variation with A. This observation indicates that the value of the symmetry energy coefficient derived from final fragment observables may be significantly different than the actual value at the time of fragment formation. The experimentally observed pairing effect is also studied within the same simulations. The Coulomb coefficient is also discussed.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures
title: Mitigation, Monitoring, and Geomorphology Related to Gully Erosion of Archaeological sites in Grand Canyon
Creators: name: Petersen, Paul A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2003

description: Gully erosion has been damaging archaeological sites in Grand Canyon during the last several decades, and there is a need to protect these features through mitigation, monitoring, and better geomorphic understanding. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of erosion-control structures , determine the accuracy and utility of aerial photogrammetry for monitoring gullies , and understand the geomorphology of the erosion . We performed total-station surveys and other data collection during February and October , 2002, at nine study sites in eastern and western Grand Canyon.
Erosion-control structures are more prone to be damaged by flow when they are placed in reaches of very high local gradient. Treatments are generally successful in slowing erosion or causing deposition of sediment, but damaged erosion-control structures were shown to be less effective than intact structures, and actually increase local erosion in cases.
Aerial photogrammetry was performed on four eroding archaeological sites in western Grand Canyon in March and October 2002 in order to assess the accuracy and change-detection utility of this tool. Accuracy was assessed on several different levels by comparing photogrammetry data to ground-survey data, and mean absolute vertical error ranged from 6-10 cm.
Error of manual photogrammetry digital terrain models (DTMs) increased with topographic ruggedness and decreased with greater photogrammetric point density. Mean error reached a minimum of 5 cm for March and 6.5 cm for October when the ratio of point density to topographic ruggedness was ~40. Ground surveys and repeat photography indicated that two study gullies eroded or aggraded during the study period by 10-20 cm, but these changes were mostly undetected in the photogrammetry DTMs.
Repeat ground surveys showed that gullies erode most at knickpoints and in steep reaches , and that new knickpoints tend to form in relatively steep reaches of a given channel. An area-slope erosion threshold was identified for the study sites and applied in a GIS-based model at four sites to show areas that exceed the threshold and are sensitive to gully erosion . Overall results show an upcatchment control of gully erosion and suggest that baselevel changes due to Glen Canyon Dam operation are subordinate controls.
Additional file 10 of Functional gene-guided enrichment plus in situ microsphere cultivation enables isolation of new crucial ureolytic bacteria from the rumen of cattle
Creators: name: Liu, Sijia
name: Yu, Zhongtang
name: Zhong, Huiyue
name: Zheng, Nan
name: Huws, Sharon
name: Wang, Jiaqi
name: Zhao, Shengguo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: Additional file 10: Supplementary Fig. 5. Urease gene clusters identified among the ureolytic isolates.
Molecular gas and a new young stellar cluster in the far outer Galaxy
Creators: name: Yun, Joao L.
name: Elia, Davide
name: Palmeirim, Pedro M.
name: Gomes, Joana I.
name: Martins, Andre M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the star-formation ocurring in the region towards IRAS07527-3446 in the molecular cloud [MAB97]250.63-3.63, in the far outer Galaxy. We report the discovery of a new young stellar cluster, and describe its properties and those of its parent molecular cloud. Near-infrared JHKS images were obtained with VLT/ISAAC, and millimetre line CO spectra were obtained with the SEST telescope. VLA archive date were also used. The cloud and cluster are located at a distance of 10.3 kpc and a Galactocentric distance of 15.4 kpc, in the far outer Galaxy. Morphologically, IRAS 07527-3446 appears as a young embedded cluster of a few hundred stars seen towards the position of the IRAS source, extending for about 2-4 pc and exhibiting sub-clustering. The cluster contains low and intermediate-mass young reddened stars, a large fraction having cleared the inner regions of their circumstellar discs responsible for (H-Ks) colour excess. The observations are compatible with a < 5 Myr cluster with variable spatial extinction of between Av = 5 and Av = 11. Decomposition of CO emission in clumps, reveals a clump clearly associated with the cluster position, of mass 3.3 x 10^3 M(solar). Estimates of the slopes of the Ks-band luminosity function and of the star-formation efficiency yield values similar to those seen in nearby star-formation sites. These findings reinforce previous results that the distant outer Galaxy continues to be active in the production of new and rich stellar clusters, with the physical conditions required for the formation of rich clusters continuing to be met in the very distant environment of the outer Galactic disc.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures
Additional file 1 of Barriers to prevention in oral health care for english NHS dental patients: a qualitative study of views from key stakeholders
Creators: name: Leggett, Heather
name: Vinall-Collier, Karen
name: Csikar, Julia
name: Veronica Ann Douglas, Gail
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional File 1: Topic guides for each stakeholder group.
Cosmology with the cluster mass function: mass estimators and shape systematics in large weak lensing surveys
Creators: name: Corless, Virginia L.
name: King, Lindsay J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate measurement of the cluster mass function is a crucial element in efforts to constrain structure formation models, the normalisation of the matter power spectrum and the cosmological matter density, and the nature and evolution of dark energy. Large weak lensing surveys of ~20,000 galaxy clusters and groups will be key tools in the observational pursuit of that goal. These weak lensing studies often proceed by stacking the lensing signals of many clusters and groups binned by mass-correlated observables such as richness and luminosity; typically such analyses ignore the triaxial structure of dark matter halos on the assumption that the averaging of many shear signals within each mass bin makes its effects (as large as factors of two in mass model parameter estimates from individual clusters) negligible. We test this assumption and find that triaxiality can bias 3D virial mass estimates compared to those for a spherical population by a few percent if suboptimal mass estimators are used. This bias affects not only direct lensing constraints on the mass function but can also affect the scatter and normalization of the mass-observable relations derived from lensing that are so crucial to constraining the cluster mass function with large samples. However, we demonstrate that a careful choice of mass estimator can remove the bias very effectively if the lensing signals from a sufficient number of triaxial halos are averaged together, and further quantify that sufficient number for adequate shape averaging. We thus show that by choosing observable bins to contain an adequate number of halos and by utilizing a carefully chosen 3D mass estimator stacked weak-lensing analyses can give unbiased constraints on the triaxial mass function.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
"You don't mind my calling you Harry?"
Creators: name: Backhaus, Peter
Publisher: name: International Journal of Literary Linguistics
Year: 2020

description: This paper examines the use of address terms in John Updike's Rabbit books ((Updike 1995). As will be argued, the data provide a unique, long-term perspective on how an individual is addressed in American society. The first part of the analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the great variety of address terms used towards the protagonist, Harry Angstrom, in the decades covered by the books. In a second step, the paper focuses on two important side characters to examine how their address behavior changes through the course of the series. The main aim of the paper is to demonstrate the great potential of fictional data for the study of address terms and, vice versa, how the study of address terms can contribute to a more profound understanding of a literary text.
description: International Journal of Literary Linguistics, Vol 9 No 4 (2020): ‘You don’t mind my calling you Harry?’ Terms of Address in John Updike’s Rabbit Tetralogy
title: The Quaternary Tectonic and Structural Evolution of the San Felipe Hills, California
Creators: name: Kirby, Stefan M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2005

description: We examine the transition between extension and strike-s lip in the San Felipe Hills, western Salton Trough, southern California using new and compiled geologic mapping, measured stratigraphic sections, magnetostratigraphy, and structural analysis. A 625 m measured section describes the Borrego, Ocotillo , and Brawley formations in the SE San Felipe Hills and constrains a regional disconformity and correlative angular unconformity at ~ 1 Ma. Sedimentation rates for the Brawley Formation above the disconformity range from 1.0 to 1.2 mm/yr, palcoflow was to the ENE. The Brawley Formation consists of three interbeddcd lithofac ics; (I) fluvial and fluvio-d eltaic, (2) lacustrinc, (3) and eolian depo sits. Changes in facies, provenance , and paleoflow , with deposition of Ocotillo and Brawley formations record onset and evolution of cross cutting strike- slip faults other than the San Jacinto fault zone in the western Salton Trough at ~ 1 Ma.
Since deposition of the Brawley Formation (~ 0.5 Ma), rocks of the San Felipe hills have been uplifted and complexly deformed. new data suggest that strands of the Clark fault persist SE of its previously mapped termination, transferring slip into folded rocks in the central and southern San Felipe Hills. Equivalent right lateral slip form folding for the Clark fault in the San Felipe Hills is 5.6 km. Minimum slip rates for the Clark strand are between 9 and 11 mm/year. Since ~ 0.5 Ma, evolving strands of the San Jacinto fault zone, including the Coyote Creek and Clark faults, have deformed rocks of the San Felipe Hills.
title: Relating Bedrock Strength to Hydraulic Driving Forces along the Large-Scale Profile of the Colorado River in Glen and Grand Canyons
Creators: name: Mackley, Rob D.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2005

description: The role of bedrock on the longitudinal profile of the Colorado River has intrigued workers for over a century. The river's profile exhibits large-scale (10 to 100 km) variations in geomorphology that are qualitatively associated with changes in rock type. This study provides the first bedrock-strength data to quantitatively test the relation of bedrock-resisting to hydraulic-driving forces in Glen and Grand canyons. The intent of this study is to explore the role, if any, that bedrock has on large-scale geomorphic variations along the profile of the Colorado River. Rock-strength data collected at 84 sites along the river corridor in Glen and Grand canyons include intact-rock strength, fracture spacing , and other characteristics associated with Selby rock-mass strength (RMS). These strength data were statistically related to measurements of channel width, gradient, and calculations of unit stream power.
At the canyon scale (100 km), rocks in Grand Canyon have significantly higher intact-rock strength, lower fracture spacing, and higher RMS than those in Glen Canyon. These observations correspond to the fact that Grand Canyon is steeper and narrower, and has greater mean unit stream power. Furthermore, smaller scale, reach-average values of rock strength correlate significantly to width, gradient, and unit stream power, although there are outliers related to local-scale effects such as rapids. The Colorado River runs in a narrower and steeper channel in reaches confined by resistant bedrock ( e.g., Upper Granite Gorge, RM 77-114). In contrast , reaches floored in weaker bedrock (e.g., lower Marble Canyon, river miles 37 to 58) are associated with wider channels and lower gradient.
This study confirms previous research linking rock type to the geomorphology of the Colorado River. Results imply that knickzones in the profile are persistent features that reflect a dynamic equilibrium between hydraulic-driving and bedrock-resisting forces, rather than transient waves of incision due to tectonics or drainage integration. They support the hypothesis that bedrock sets the long-term, large-scale template for the Colorado River. Bedrock hypothetically acts as a direct control on the river's width and gradient, particularly when the river is in contact with bedrock. Rock-strength and weathering properties of bedrock within tributary catchments, where debris flows initiate, act as an indirect control through their influence on hillslope-to-river sediment production during episodes, such as today, when the river is not on bedrock.
Phase diagram of the spin-1/2 $J_1$-$J_2$-$J_3$ Heisenberg model on the square lattice
Creators: name: Sindzingre, Philippe
name: Shannon, Nic
name: Momoi, Tsutomu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We presents the results of an extensive numerical study of the phase diagram of the spin-1/2, \protect{$J_1$-$J_2$-$J_3$} Heisenberg model on a square lattice, for both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interactions $J_1$, using exact diagonalization with periodic and twisted boundary conditions. Comparison is made with published spin wave calculations. We show that quantum fluctuations play a very important role, changing both the extent and the wave vector of classical spiral phases, and leading to new quantum phases where the classical spiral states have a high degeneracy. These include a new phase with small or vanishing spin-stiffness, in addition to known valence-bond-solid and bond-nematic phases.
description: submitted for the International Conference on Magnetism to be held 26-31 July 2009 in Karlsruhe