cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High CO 2 Levels Cause Skeletal Muscle Atrophy via AMP-activated Kinase (AMPK), FoxO3a Protein, and Muscle-specific Ring Finger Protein 1 (MuRF1)
Creators: name: Gusarova, Galina
name: Cheng, Yuan
name: Welch, Lynn C.
name: Liu, Chang
name: Ceco, Ermelinda
name: Shigemura, Masahiko
name: Lecuona, Emilia
name: Nader, Gustavo A.
name: Sznajder, Jacob I.
name: Dada, Laura A.
name: Jaitovich, Ariel
name: Patterson, Cam
name: Barreiro, Esther
name: Angulo, Martín
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute lung injury, and critical care illness may develop hypercapnia. Many of these patients often have muscle dysfunction which increases morbidity and impairs their quality of life. Here, we investigated whether hypercapnia leads to skeletal muscle atrophy. Mice exposed to high CO2 had decreased skeletal muscle wet weight, fiber diameter, and strength. Cultured myotubes exposed to high CO2 had reduced fiber diameter, protein/DNA ratios, and anabolic capacity. High CO2 induced the expression of MuRF1 in vivo and in vitro, whereas MuRF1−/− mice exposed to high CO2 did not develop muscle atrophy. AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), a metabolic sensor, was activated in myotubes exposed to high CO2, and loss-of-function studies showed that the AMPKα2 isoform is necessary for muscle-specific ring finger protein 1 (MuRF1) up-regulation and myofiber size reduction. High CO2 induced AMPKα2 activation, triggering the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of FoxO3a, and leading to an increase in MuRF1 expression and myotube atrophy. Accordingly, we provide evidence that high CO2 activates skeletal muscle atrophy via AMPKα2-FoxO3a-MuRF1, which is of biological and potentially clinical significance in patients with lung diseases and hypercapnia.
Pair-Reaction Dynamics in Water: Competition of Memory, Potential Shape, and Inertial Effects
Creators: name: Brünig, Florian N.
name: Daldrop, Jan O.
name: Netz, Roland R.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: pair-reaction dynamics
subject: water
subject: competition
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: When described by a one-dimensional reaction coordinate, pair-reaction rates in a solvent depend, in addition to the potential barrier height and the friction coefficient, on the potential shape, the effective mass, and the friction relaxation spectrum, but a rate theory that accurately accounts for all of these effects does not exist. After a review of classical reaction-rate theories, we show how to extract all parameters of the generalized Langevin equation (GLE) and, in particular, the friction memory function from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of two prototypical pair reactions in water, the dissociation of NaCl and of two methane molecules. The memory exhibits multiple time scales and, for NaCl, pronounced oscillatory components. Simulations of the GLE by Markovian embedding techniques accurately reproduce the pair-reaction kinetics from MD simulations without any fitting parameters, which confirms the accuracy of the approximative form of the GLE and of the parameter extraction techniques. By modification of the GLE parameters, we investigate the relative importance of memory, mass, and potential shape effects. Neglect of memory slows down NaCl and methane dissociation by roughly a factor of 2; neglect of mass accelerates reactions by a similar factor, and the harmonic approximation of the potential shape gives rise to slight acceleration. This partial error cancellation explains why Kramers’ theory, which neglects memory effects and treats the potential shape in harmonic approximation, describes reaction rates better than more sophisticated theories. In essence, all three effects, friction memory, inertia, and the potential shape nonharmonicity, are important to quantitatively describe pair-reaction kinetics in water.
In Vitro Reconstitution of Rab GTPase-dependent Vesicle Clustering by the Yeast Lethal Giant Larvae/Tomosyn Homolog, Sro7
Creators: name: Watson, Kelly
name: Temple, Brenda
name: Demonch, Mallory
name: Rossi, Guendalina
name: Brennwald, Patrick
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Intracellular traffic in yeast between the Golgi and the cell surface is mediated by vesicular carriers that tether and fuse in a fashion that depends on the function of the Rab GTPase, Sec4. Overexpression of either of two Sec4 effectors, Sro7 or Sec15, results in the formation of a cluster of post-Golgi vesicles within the cell. Here, we describe a novel assay that recapitulates post-Golgi vesicle clustering in vitro utilizing purified Sro7 and vesicles isolated from late secretory mutants. We show clustering in vitro closely replicates the in vivo clustering process as it is highly dependent on both Sro7 and GTP-Sec4. We also make use of this assay to characterize a novel mutant form of Sro7 that results in a protein that is specifically defective in vesicle clustering both in vivo and in vitro. We show that this mutation acts by effecting a conformational change in Sro7 from the closed to a more open structure. Our analysis demonstrates that the N-terminal propeller needs to be able to engage the C-terminal tail for vesicle clustering to occur. Consistent with this, we show that occupancy of the N terminus of Sro7 by the t-SNARE Sec9, which results in the open conformation of Sro7, also acts to inhibit vesicle cluster formation by Sro7. This suggests a model by which a conformational switch in Sro7 acts to coordinate Rab-mediated vesicle tethering with SNARE assembly by requiring a single conformational state for both of these processes to occur.
FORMAZIONE DELLE UOVA DUREVOLI IN PENILIA AVIROSTRIS DANA
Creators: name: DELLA CROCE, N.
name: BETTANIN, S.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1969

description: The A.A. have studied the morphological development of the resting egg of the marine cladoceran Penilia avirostris Dana. Nine stages have been described; six stages belong to the organization process, and three stages to the real formation of the resting egg. The morphological development of the resting eggs in the marine cladocerans Evadne nordmanni and Podon intermedius has been discussed.
Acceleration phases of a solar filament during its eruption
Creators: name: Song, Hongqiang
name: Chen, Yao
name: Zhang, Jie
name: Cheng, Xin
name: Fu, Hui
name: Li, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Filament eruptions often lead to coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which can affect critical technological systems in space and on the ground when they interact with the geo-magnetosphere in high speeds. Therefore, it is an important issue to investigate the acceleration mechanisms of CMEs in solar/space physics. Based on observations and simulations, the resistive magnetic reconnection and the ideal instability of magnetic flux rope have been proposed to accelerate CMEs. However, it remains elusive whether both of them play a comparable role during a particular eruption. It has been extremely difficult to separate their contributions as they often work in a close time sequence during one fast acceleration phase. Here we report an intriguing filament eruption event, which shows two apparently separated fast acceleration phases and provides us an excellent opportunity to address the issue. Through analyzing the correlations between velocity (acceleration) and soft (hard) X-ray profiles, we suggest that the instability and magnetic reconnection make a major contribution during the first and second fast acceleration phases, respectively. Further, we find that both processes have a comparable contribution to accelerate the filament in this event.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures (Accepted by the Astrophysical Journal Letters)
(3872) William Webster
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Inhibited Insulin Signaling in Mouse Hepatocytes Is Associated with Increased Phosphatidic Acid but Not Diacylglycerol
Creators: name: Cooper, Daniel E.
name: Hwarng, Gwen
name: Coleman, Rosalind A.
name: Natarajan, Viswanathan
name: Grevengoed, Trisha J.
name: Harris, Thurl E.
name: Eaton, James M.
name: Zhang, Chongben
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Although an elevated triacylglycerol content in non-adipose tissues is often associated with insulin resistance, the mechanistic relationship remains unclear. The data support roles for intermediates in the glycerol-3-phosphate pathway of triacylglycerol synthesis: diacylglycerol (DAG), which may cause insulin resistance in liver by activating PKCϵ, and phosphatidic acid (PA), which inhibits insulin action in hepatocytes by disrupting the assembly of mTOR and rictor. To determine whether increases in DAG and PA impair insulin signaling when produced by pathways other than that of de novo synthesis, we examined primary mouse hepatocytes after enzymatically manipulating the cellular content of DAG or PA. Overexpressing phospholipase D1 or phospholipase D2 inhibited insulin signaling and was accompanied by an elevated cellular content of total PA, without a change in total DAG. Overexpression of diacylglycerol kinase-θ inhibited insulin signaling and was accompanied by an elevated cellular content of total PA and a decreased cellular content of total DAG. Overexpressing glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-1 or -4 inhibited insulin signaling and increased the cellular content of both PA and DAG. Insulin signaling impairment caused by overexpression of phospholipase D1/D2 or diacylglycerol kinase-θ was always accompanied by disassociation of mTOR/rictor and reduction of mTORC2 kinase activity. However, although the protein ratio of membrane to cytosolic PKCϵ increased, PKC activity itself was unaltered. These data suggest that PA, but not DAG, is associated with impaired insulin action in mouse hepatocytes.
First confirmed record of Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758 from west Greece
Creators: name: KARACHLE, Paraskevi K.
name: MACHIAS, Athanassios
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2014

description: In this report, we present the first confirmed record of Petromyzon marinus in the Ionian Sea, west Greece. In April 2013, a female individual (total length = 849 mm, weight = 983 g) was caught with nets off Kefalonia Island.
Characterization of hitherto unknown Valsartan photodegradation impurities
Creators: name: Kurzawa, Timon
name: Fazzani, Salim
name: Tempel, Rene
name: Helmboldt, Hannes
name: Bleschke, Christian
name: Kohlmann, Andreas
name: Hagenbach, Adelheid
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Valsartan
subject: Photodegradation
subject: Potential impurities
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: A detailed investigation of Valsartan`s light-induced degradation is reported. Based on UPLC-HRMS studies of stressed solutions several degradation pathways are proposed. Some of the proposed structures were obtained by forced degradation experiments. Examination of analytical data including crystal structures allowed for structural revision of one literature-known degradant. In addition, irradiation under aerobic conditions revealed further degradative pathways leading to two previously unknown decomposition products. Mechanistic considerations regarding their origin helped to identify structural weak points of Valsartan under the influence of light.
Bacteriological analysis to Arca noae (Linnaeus, 1758) in the South of Italy: the first record of halophilic Vibrio
Creators: name: ZIINO, Graziella
name: DONATO, Giorgio
name: GIARRATANA, Filippo
name: GIUFFRIDA, Alessandro
name: PANEBIANCO, Antonio
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2014

description: Arca noae is one of four commercially exploited bivalves in the eastern Adriatic and it is a common dish in many Italian, Slovenian and Croatian regions, as both a raw and lightly cooked foodstuff. In this study, Arca noae samples collected along the Tyrrhenian coast near Patti (Sicily, Italy) were examined in order to assess their bacteriological characteristics and suitability for consumption. The total viable microrganisms (TVM), halophilc bacteria (HB), faecal coliforms, enterococci, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio spp., and Salmonella spp. were determined. Presumptive Vibrio colonies were initially identified using biochemical tests, and strains identified as V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus were subsequently examined by PCR for the presence of different regulatory or virulence genes (toxR, toxRS, tl, trh, and tdh). In all samples, TVM and HB were very low ranging from 2.30 ± 0.35 to 3.52 ± 0.15 log cfu.g-1 and from 2.95 ± 0.22 to 3.65 ± 0.41 log cfu.g-1, respectively. Other bacteriological determinations were below the detection limits. The levels of Vibrio spp. contamination ranged from < 1.0 log cfu.g-1 (69.23% of samples) to 2.60 ± 0.31 log cfu.g-1. The qualitative method revealed the contamination of different potentially pathogenic Vibrio spp. in 86.41% of the samples. V. alginolyticus (55.56%) and V. parahaemolyticus (31.11%) were the most common species. All V. parahaemolyticus isolates were positive for the tl gene, while 78.57% were toxR(+), 14.21% toxRS(+), and only 7.14% toxR(+) toxRS(+). Among V. alginolyticus strains, 32% were toxR(+) and 4% toxR(+) toxRS(+). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the isolation of V. parahaemolyticus strains from A. noae bivalves collected along the Italian coasts. The results indicate that potentially pathogenic vibrios are frequently found in A. noae, despite the remaining low microbiological content, suggesting that routine examination of bivalve molluscs for these pathogenic agents is advisable.
Self-consistent Markovian embedding of generalized Langevin equations with configuration-dependent mass and a nonlinear friction kernel
Creators: name: Ayaz, Cihan
name: Tepper, Lucas
name: Netz, Roland R.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Non-Markovian processes
subject: Markovian embedding
subject: nonlinear friction
subject: configuration-dependent mass
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: We consider a generalized Langevin equation (GLE) in which the deterministic force, the mass and the friction kernel are configuration-dependent, i.e. general nonlinear functions of the reaction coordinate. We introduce a projection operator that allows for a self-consistent Markovian embedding of such GLEs. Self-consistency means that trajectories generated by the Markovian embedding are described by a GLE with the same configuration-dependent deterministic force, mass and friction kernel. Using the projection operator, we derive a closed-form relation between the parameters of the Markovian embedding Langevin equations and the parameters of the GLE. This is accomplished by applying the projection operator formalism to the system of Markovian embedding stochastic equations.
Comparing Visual Understanding by Humans and Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: , Elena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: explainable AI, psychology, neural networks

description: In this presentation, I would like to introduce my work on comparing visual understanding as performed by humans and deep neural networks. Computational modelling of the human visual recognition system allows better understanding of how this system is designed in humans. This understanding can potentially help with visual deficits and diseases, such as dyslexia. The presented experiments document important differences, but also similarities between visual processing performed by neural networks and by humans. In particular, we found that the studied neural network model did not exhibit crowding, and had a much lower efficiency/tolerance to noise when these conditions are not present during training. However, the network was able to reproduce the speed accuracy tradeoff phenomenon.
Effect of shallow hydrothermal venting on the richness of benthic diatom species
Creators: name: ESTRADAS-ROMERO, Alejandro
name: PROL-LEDESMA, Rosa María
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2014

description: A qualitative analysis of the diatom community was conducted on sediment samples from two shallow submarine venting localities off the Mexican coast: Bahía Concepción (BC) on the Gulf coast of the Baja California Peninsula and Punta de Mita (PM) on the Pacific coast of Nayarit. In both areas, control sites were also examined. Ninety- nine diatom species and two silicoflagellates were found at the BC vent location, and 77 diatom species were found at the PM vent location. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling and cluster analysis, based on Bray-Curtis similarity index (presence/absence), showed that the control sites grouped together, whereas the vent sites were distinct from the control sites and each other. The Simprof test, associated with the cluster analysis of the vent areas, indicated a clear difference between the two vent sites (pi = 2.05, p < 7%). The floristic composition revealed that the difference between the two study areas (vents) is due to the difference in species richness. Hydrothermal vent sites in both areas had higher species richness than the respective control locations. This higher richness in species may be due to venting hydrothermal fluids, which are enriched with nutrients and trace elements that favour the proliferation of primary producers.
AMPELISCA-LUSITANICA N-SP, A NEW SPECIES OF AMPELISCA (CRUSTACEA, AMPHIPODA) FROM THE COAST OF PORTUGAL (NORTHEAST ATLANTIC)
Creators: name: Santini, D. B.
name: Marques, J. C.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1986

Abstract
Integrated Approaches for Genome-wide Interrogation of the Druggable Non-olfactory G Protein-coupled Receptor Superfamily
Creators: name: Roth, Bryan L.
name: Kroeze, Wesley K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are frequent and fruitful targets for drug discovery and development, as well as being off-targets for the side effects of a variety of medications. Much of the druggable non-olfactory human GPCR-ome remains under-interrogated, and we present here various approaches that we and others have used to shine light into these previously dark corners of the human genome.
Supersymmetric BKP systems and their symmetries
Creators: name: Li, Chuanzhong
name: He, Jingsong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we construct the additional symmetries of the supersymmetric BKP(SBKP) hierarchy. These additional flows constitute a B type $SW_{1+\infty}$ Lie algebra because of the B type reduction of the supersymmetric BKP hierarchy. Further we generalize the SBKP hierarchy to a supersymmetric two-component BKP (S2BKP) hierarchy equipped with a B type $SW_{1+\infty}\bigoplus SW_{1+\infty}$ Lie algebra. As a Bosonic reduction of the S2BKP hierarchy, we define a new constrained system called the supersymmetric Drinfeld-Sokolov hierarchy of type D which admits a $N=2$ supersymmetric Block type symmetry.
description: 22 Pages, Nuclear Physics B 896(2015) 716-737
Mitochondrial Single-stranded DNA-binding Proteins Stimulate the Activity of DNA Polymerase γ by Organization of the Template DNA
Creators: name: Kaguni, Laurie S.
name: Rosado-Ruiz, Fernando A.
name: Ciesielski, Grzegorz L.
name: Griffith, Jack D.
name: Neitzke, Orrin J.
name: Hovde, Stacy L.
name: Bermek, Oya
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The activity of the mitochondrial replicase, DNA polymerase γ (Pol γ) is stimulated by another key component of the mitochondrial replisome, the mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein (mtSSB). We have performed a comparative analysis of the human and Drosophila Pols γ with their cognate mtSSBs, evaluating their functional relationships using a combined approach of biochemical assays and electron microscopy. We found that increasing concentrations of both mtSSBs led to the elimination of template secondary structure and gradual opening of the template DNA, through a series of visually similar template species. The stimulatory effect of mtSSB on Pol γ on these ssDNA templates is not species-specific. We observed that human mtSSB can be substituted by its Drosophila homologue, and vice versa, finding that a lower concentration of insect mtSSB promotes efficient stimulation of either Pol. Notably, distinct phases of the stimulation by both mtSSBs are distinguishable, and they are characterized by a similar organization of the template DNA for both Pols γ. We conclude that organization of the template DNA is the major factor contributing to the stimulation of Pol γ activity. Additionally, we observed that human Pol γ preferentially utilizes compacted templates, whereas the insect enzyme achieves its maximal activity on open templates, emphasizing the relative importance of template DNA organization in modulating Pol γ activity and the variation among systems.
(3868) John Sawtell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Effects of season and site of catch on the biochemical composition of the muscle and by-products of Penaeus kerathurus and Metapenaeus monoceros from Tunisian coasts
Creators: name: LIMAM, Zouhour
name: SADOK, Saloua
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2014

description: We assessed the seasonal and regional biochemical variations of two crustacean species Penaeus kerathurus and Metapenaeus monoceros, caught in the North and South coasts of Tunisia. The animals were collected in October 2005, January, April and July 2006. The percentage of protein in muscles was found to be significantly higher than that in by- products in both species. It varied between 18.75 ± 2.65 and 19.91 ± 0.43 g.100g-1 in the north, whereas in the south, it ranged from 19.88 ± 0.35 to 22.29 ± 0.88 g.100g-1 dry weight. ANOVA revealed neither regional nor seasonal difference in protein content for both species. Moreover, protein was found as the major biochemical constituent. For all the studied samples the carbohydrate levels reached minimum values in April (0.04 to 0.06 g.100g-1) and gradually rose in the following months, with a peak in January (0.42 to 0.66 g/100g). In both regions, from winter to summer, P. kerathurus lipid levels ranged from 1.59 to 5.62% and 0.36 to 3.68% in by-products and muscle, respectively. However, for M. monoceros fat levels ranged from 0.58 to 3.78% and 1.27 to 6.89% in muscle and by-products, respectively. The highest lipid percentage was found in the inedible parts of the southern M. monoceros (6.89%), while the lowest value was observed in P. kerathurus muscle caught in the south region in October (0.36%) (p < 0.05). The percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids was important in the tissues and by-products of both species from both regions. They constitute the major fraction (range: 24.34-39.89%) followed by saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (17-31%). The present research indicates that these seafood products and by- products have a good nutritional quality, which may provide some health benefits to consumers.
Открытый доступ как нативная реклама научного журнала
Creators: name: Семячкин Дмитрий Александрович
name: Сергеев Михаил Александрович
name: Кисляк Евгений Владимирович
Publisher: name: Университетская книга
Year: 2016

description: В 1991 г. на основании философии свободного обмена научными данными возникла глобальная сеть Интернет. Её создатель, Тим Бернерс-Ли, хорошо понимая важность доступности информации для дальнейших достижений в науке, пытался придумать то, что было нужно прежде всего ему самому как учёному-исследователю. Со временем в Сети появились закрытые информационные островки и целые проприетарные острова, недоступные широкой аудитории, что нарушило изначальную концепцию. Ограничения затронули самую разную информацию, в том числе и научную, так необходимую для эффективной коммуникации учёных. Именно поэтому в 2002 г. появилась Будапештская инициатива [2], в рамках которой впервые было сформулировано понятие открытого доступа.
(3869) Ivy Christobel Bishop-Ackerman
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(3870) Daniel Whitehouse Bishop- Ackerman
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Molecular Insights into Inhibition of the Methylated Histone-Plant Homeodomain Complexes by Calixarenes
Creators: name: Li, Janessa
name: Rothbart, Scott B.
name: Rincon-Arano, Hector
name: Hof, Fraser
name: Strahl, Brian D.
name: Allen, Hillary F.
name: Kutateladze, Tatiana G.
name: Ali, Muzaffar
name: Strongin, Daniel E.
name: Daze, Kevin D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Plant homeodomain (PHD) finger-containing proteins are implicated in fundamental biological processes, including transcriptional activation and repression, DNA damage repair, cell differentiation, and survival. The PHD finger functions as an epigenetic reader that binds to posttranslationally modified or unmodified histone H3 tails, recruiting catalytic writers and erasers and other components of the epigenetic machinery to chromatin. Despite the critical role of the histone-PHD interaction in normal and pathological processes, selective inhibitors of this association have not been well developed. Here we demonstrate that macrocyclic calixarenes can disrupt binding of PHD fingers to methylated lysine 4 of histone H3 in vitro and in vivo. The inhibitory activity relies on differences in binding affinities of the PHD fingers for H3K4me and the methylation state of the histone ligand, whereas the composition of the aromatic H3K4me-binding site of the PHD fingers appears to have no effect. Our approach provides a novel tool for studying the biological roles of methyllysine readers in epigenetic signaling.
Slow oscillations of in-plane magnetoresistance in strongly anisotropic quasi-two-dimensional rare-earth tritellurides
Creators: name: Grigoriev, P. D.
name: Sinchenko, A. A.
name: Lejay, P.
name: Leynaud, O.
name: Zverev, V. N.
name: Monceau, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Slow oscillations of the in-plane magnetoresistance are observed in the rare-earth tritellurides and proposed as an effective tool to determine the parameters of electronic structure in various strongly anisotropic quasi-two-dimensional compounds. These oscillations do not originate from the small Fermi surface pockets, as revealed usually by the Shubnikov-de-Haas oscillations, but from the entanglement of close frequencies due to a finite interlayer transfer integral $t_z$, which allows to estimate its value. For TbTe$_3$ and GdTe$_3$ we obtain the estimate $t_z\approx 1$ meV.
description: 6 pages with 4 figures
Effects of square mesh panels position of bottom trawls on by-catch bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1776) selectivity in the Southern Coast of the Black Sea, Turkey
Creators: name: ÖZDEMİR, Süleyman
name: ERDEM, Yakup
name: ERDEM, Ercan
name: BİRİNCİ ÖZDEMİR, Zekiye
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2014

description: The selectivity parameters for by-catch bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix caught by demersal trawl, a nominal 40 mm diamond mesh size codend outfitted with square mesh escape panels, was determined on the southern coast of the Black Sea. Square mesh panels of nominal 36 mm were evaluated in two separate combinations: left-right and middle on the codend. The 50% retention lengths (L50) and selection ranges of left-right (SDS), middle (DSD) combinations and control codend for blue fish were estimated to be 13.03 and 3.82 cm, 12.91 and 3.71 cm, 12.49 and 3.68 cm respectively. The L50 value of SDS and DSD codend were comparable with the L50 value of the control codend; however, the control codend value was rather low. The values of SDS and DSD codend weren't very close to MLS of the bluefish (20 cm). For this reason, more than 36 mm square mesh panels can be used alternatively, instead of the 36 mm square mesh panel on the codends for the fishery of the bluefish and higher size selectivity can be obtained. However, it may not be successful fisheries when considering the minimum landing size for dominant species (whiting Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758) and red mullet Mullus barbatus ponticus (Essipov, 1927), 13 cm) in the Black Sea trawl fishery. These results show that increasing the size selectivity in a multi-species trawl fishery using a single position or square mesh size is quite diffi- cult. Furthermore, square mesh panel codends were more selective than diamond mesh codend (p < 0.05). Differences between left-right (SDS) position and middle (DSD) position were no significant (p > 0.05) for the square mesh panel codend. Although the left-right (SDS) combination had a higher total area than the other combination (DSD) with square mesh in the middle and was preferable for bluefish.
Evolutionary adaptation and species barriers under climate change
Creators: name: SANCHEZ, CRISTOBAL FELIPE GALLEGOS
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolutionary ecology
Evolutionary impacts of climate change

description: Climate change poses new selective pressures for biodiversity. Populations and species risk decline unless they respond adaptively with plastic or genetic changes that let them tolerate the new environments they face, or with range shifts that let them track environments to which they are already adapted. In turn, reproductive interactions may also change, with implications for species barriers. Given the complexity of these responses, our understanding of them remains limited. This thesis contributes novel insights into evolutionary adaptation and species barriers that may inform predictions of biological responses to future climates, and aid the evolutionarily-enlightened management and conservation of biodiversity.
Physiological Consequences of Compartmentalized Acyl-CoA Metabolism
Creators: name: Cooper, Daniel E.
name: Young, Pamela A.
name: Klett, Eric L.
name: Coleman, Rosalind A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Meeting the complex physiological demands of mammalian life requires strict control of the metabolism of long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs because of the multiplicity of their cellular functions. Acyl-CoAs are substrates for energy production; stored within lipid droplets as triacylglycerol, cholesterol esters, and retinol esters; esterified to form membrane phospholipids; or used to activate transcriptional and signaling pathways. Indirect evidence suggests that acyl-CoAs do not wander freely within cells, but instead, are channeled into specific pathways. In this review, we will discuss the evidence for acyl-CoA compartmentalization, highlight the key modes of acyl-CoA regulation, and diagram potential mechanisms for controlling acyl-CoA partitioning.
Age and growth of the nakedband gaper, Champsodon nudivittis (Ogilby, 1895), from the Iskenderun Bay, Northeastern Mediterranean
Creators: name: YAGLIOGLU, Deniz
name: DENİZ, Tomris
name: ERGUDEN, Deniz
name: GURLEK, Mevlut
name: TURAN, Cemal
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2014

description: The nakedband gaper Champsodon nudivittis (Ogilby, 1895) was first recorded in 2009 on Turkish coastal waters, and has rapidly increased around this region. C. nudivittis is the first lessepsian immigrant of Champsodontid species in the Turkish coastal waters. The present study aims to determine the age and growth parameters of C. nudivittis colonized in the Iskenderun Bay, North-eastern Mediterranean Sea. A total of 296 collected individuals (seasonally average 74 specimens) were studied from November 2011 to October 2012. Total specimen lengths and weights ranged from 6.00 to 14.40 cm and from 1.4 to 29.3 g respectively. Maximum age was 2 years for both sexes. The length-weight relationship was described as W = 0.0040 × L3.207 (R2 = 0.957), W = 0.0005 × L3.158 (R2 = 0.959) and W = 0.0040 × L3.196 (R2 = 0.955). The parameters of von Bertalanffy growth fitted to mean observed total lengths-at-age for each sex separately and estimated as L∞ = 20.41 cm, K= 0.224 year-1, t0 = -2.491 year for females, L∞ = 21.53 cm, K= 0.199 year-1, t0 = -2.154 year for males, and as L∞ = 21.10 cm, K= 0.210 year-1, t0 = -2.639 year for combined sexes.
Anisotropic distributions in a multi-phase transport model
Creators: name: Zhou, You
name: Xiao, Kai
name: Feng, Zhao
name: Liu, Feng
name: Snellings, Raimond
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) model we investigate the relation between the magnitude, fluctuations and correlations of the initial state spatial anisotropy $\varepsilon_{n}$ and the final state anisotropic flow coefficients $v_{n}$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}=$ 200 GeV. It is found that the relative eccentricity fluctuations in AMPT account for the observed elliptic flow fluctuations, in agreement with measurements of the STAR collaboration. In addition, the studies based on 2- and multi-particle correlations and event-by-event distributions of the anisotropies suggest that the Elliptic-Power function is a promising candidate of the underlying probability density function of the event-by-event distributions of $\varepsilon_{n}$ as well as $v_{n}$. Furthermore, the correlations between different order symmetry planes and harmonics in the initial coordinate space and final state momentum space are presented. Non-zero values of these correlations have been observed. The comparison between our calculations and data will, in the future, shed new insight into the nature of the fluctuations of the Quark-Gluon Plasma produced in heavy ion collisions.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, accepted by PRC
Post-translational Down-regulation of Melanoma Antigen-A11 (MAGE-A11) by Human p14-ARF Tumor Suppressor
Creators: name: Wilson, Elizabeth M.
name: Minges, John T.
name: Grossman, Gail
name: Zhang, Ping
name: Kafri, Tal
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: X-linked primate-specific melanoma antigen-A11 (MAGE-A11) is a human androgen receptor (AR) coactivator and proto-oncogene expressed at low levels in normal human reproductive tract tissues and at higher levels in castration-resistant prostate cancer where it is required for androgen-dependent cell growth. In this report, we show that MAGE-A11 is targeted for degradation by human p14-ARF, a tumor suppressor expressed from an alternative reading frame of the p16 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor INK4a/ARF gene. MAGE-A11 degradation by the proteasome was mediated by an interaction with p14-ARF and was independent of lysine ubiquitination. A dose-dependent inverse relationship between MAGE-A11 and p14-ARF correlated with p14-ARF inhibition of the MAGE-A11-induced increase in androgen-dependent AR transcriptional activity and constitutive activity of a splice variant-like AR. Reciprocal stabilization between MAGE-A11 and AR did not protect against degradation promoted by p14-ARF. p14-ARF prevented MAGE-A11 interaction with the E2F1 oncoprotein and inhibited the MAGE-A11-induced increase in E2F1 transcriptional activity. Post-translational down-regulation of MAGE-A11 promoted by p14-ARF was independent of HDM2, the human homologue of mouse double minute 2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase inhibited by p14-ARF. However, MAGE-A11 had a stabilizing effect on HDM2 in the absence or presence of p14-ARF and cooperated with HDM2 to increase E2F1 transcriptional activity in the absence of p14-ARF. We conclude that degradation of MAGE-A11 promoted by the human p14-ARF tumor suppressor contributes to low levels of MAGE-A11 in nontransformed cells and that higher levels of MAGE-A11 associated with low p14-ARF increase AR and E2F1 transcriptional activity and promote the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Interstitial cumaceans from sandy bottoms and Cymodocea meadows of the Canary Islands
Creators: name: CORBERA, Jordi
name: BRITO, Mari Carmen
name: NÚÑEZ, Jorge
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2002

description: During the study of the interstitial fauna from Cymodocea nodosa meadows and nearby sandy bottoms of the
 Canary Islands (Eastern Central Atlantic Ocean), six cumacean species were collected. Iphinoe inermis was recorded for the
 first time in the Atlantic Ocean and a new species, Iphinoe canariensis sp. nov., is described. During the monthly monitoring
 survey, cumaceans showed a low frequency of occurrence (25%) in the whole community. The two-year seasonal samplings
 showed higher cumacean densities in winter, when 77% of specimens were collected. Cumaceans were more abundant in
 the nearby sandy bottoms (62%) than in Cymodocea meadows, and in the upper layer of sediment than in the lower layers.
Non-linear vibration transmission through rolling-element bearings in rotating machines
Creators: name: Haslam, Alexander
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Modern aircraft engines are pushing established design methodologies to the limits, in order to satisfy current environmental and economic constraints. This calls existing assumptions into question, such as modelling rolling-element bearings (REB) with linear springs, which cannot accurately predict the transmission of vibrations from one rotor to another, known as ``cross-shaft coupling''. This is further complicated by the inherent non-linearities present in REBs. An improved understanding of the mechanisms governing this phenomenon is required, in order to be able to better diagnose such vibration problems and develop mitigating strategies. An in-depth numerical study was first carried out, analysing the nonlinear dynamic response of a Jeffcott rotor supported by an REB. A physical bearing model was developed based on the existing literature, which could capture the effect of a wide range of parameters, and the response was computed using a novel application of the Harmonic Balance Method. A strongly nonlinear response was observed due to the bearing, with large shifts in the resonance frequency with excitation amplitude. An extensive parameter study was then carried out, with a particular emphasis on providing physical explantations for the observed behaviour. These results were then investigated using an existing rotordynamic rig. A well-correlated model of the rig was first developed and parameterised with extensive component-level testing. A separate bearing test rig was designed and built, which was used to validate the bearing model and to identify some key parameters. The focus then moved onto the unbalance response of the rotor rig. The bearing model was found to accurately predict both the vibration transmission to ground, as well as some of the non-linear behaviour, thereby validating the modelling approach in a rotordynamic setting. The main outcome of this thesis was a fully validated bearing model, which is capable of accurately predicting the vibration transmission, as well as the associated simulation methods. These tools can now be applied in industry, in order to better predict cross-shaft coupling in the future.
Two new species of the genus Dactylopodola (Gastrotricha: Macrodasyida) from the Bahamas, with an updated key to the genus
Creators: name: GILSA, Aydin Von Und Zu
name: KIENEKE, Alexander
name: HOCHBERG, Rick
name: SCHMIDT-RHAESA, Andreas
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2014

description: We here describe two new species from the genus Dactylopodola (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) collected from several sites at two localities in the Bahamas, San Salvador Island and Lee Stocking Island. One new species, Dactylopodola deminuitubulata sp. nov., resembles D. australiensis Hochberg, 2003 and D. typhle (Remane, 1927) in many respects, but shows a new combination of characters in the distribution of adhesive tubes, especially the arrangement of the three most caudal lateral adhesive tubes, which appears unique within the genus. A second species, Dactylopodola axi, sp. nov., also resembles D. australiensis and D. typhle, but differs from these species in the position of the pharyngeal pores and the distance between the last lateral adhesive tubes. All Dactylopodola species known so far can be distinguished by the distribution pattern of their adhesive tubes, for which we provide an updated taxonomic key with figures.
(3867) Sarah Talbot
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Performance Analysis and Capacity Planning of Multi-stage Stochastic Order Fulfilment Systems with Levelled Order Release and Order Deadlines
Creators: name: Mohring, Uta
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2022
Subjects: Order fulfilment
Glättung
Kapazitätsplanung
Markov-Kette
ableitungsfreie Optimierung
order fulfilment
workload balancing
capacity planning
Markov chain
derivative-free optimisation

description: Order fulfilment systems are forced to manage a volatile customer demand while meeting customer-required short order deadlines. To handle these challenges, we introduce the Strategy of Levelled Order Release (LOR) for workload balancing over time. The contributions of this work are (1) the workload balancing concept LOR, (2) a discrete-time Markov chain for performance analysis, and (3) an algorithm for capacity planning under performance constraints in order fulfilment systems with LOR.
Role of Deacetylase Activity of N -Deacetylase/ N -Sulfotransferase 1 in Forming N -Sulfated Domain in Heparan Sulfate
Creators: name: Xu, Yongmei
name: Dou, Wenfang
name: Pagadala, Vijayakanth
name: Pedersen, Lars C.
name: Liu, Jian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Heparan sulfate (HS) is a highly sulfated polysaccharide that plays important physiological roles. The biosynthesis of HS involves a series of enzymes, including glycosyltransferases (or HS polymerase), epimerase, and sulfotransferases. N-Deacetylase/N-Sulfotransferase isoform 1 (NDST-1) is a critical enzyme in this pathway. NDST-1, a bifunctional enzyme, displays N-deacetylase and N-sulfotransferase activities to convert an N-acetylated glucosamine residue to an N-sulfo glucosamine residue. Here, we report the cooperative effects between N-deacetylase and N-sulfotransferase activities. Using baculovirus expression in insect cells, we obtained three recombinant proteins: full-length NDST-1 and the individual N-deacetylase and N-sulfotransferase domains. Structurally defined oligosaccharide substrates were synthesized to test the substrate specificities of the enzymes. We discovered that N-deacetylation is the limiting step and that interplay between the N-sulfotransferase and N-deacetylase accelerates the reaction. Furthermore, combining the individually expressed N-deacetylase and N-sulfotransferase domains produced different sulfation patterns when compared with that made by the NDST-1 enzyme. Our data demonstrate the essential role of domain cooperation within NDST-1 in producing HS with specific domain structures.