cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
EtherClue: Digital investigation of attacks on Ethereum smart contracts
Creators: name: Aquilina, Simon Joseph
name: Casino, Fran
name: Vella, Mark
name: Ellul, Joshua
name: Patsakis, Constantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Programming errors in Ethereum smart contracts can result in catastrophic financial losses from stolen cryptocurrency. While vulnerability detectors can prevent vulnerable contracts from being deployed, this does not mean that such contracts will not be deployed. Once a vulnerable contract is instantiated on the blockchain and becomes the target of attacks, the identification of exploit transactions becomes indispensable in assessing whether it has been actually exploited and identifying which malicious or subverted accounts were involved. In this work, we study the problem of post-factum investigation of Ethereum attacks using Indicators of Compromise (IoCs) specially crafted for use in the blockchain. IoC definitions need to capture the side-effects of successful exploitation in the context of the Ethereum blockchain. Therefore, we define a model for smart contract execution, comprising multiple abstraction levels that mirror the multiple views of code execution on a blockchain. Subsequently, we compare IoCs defined across the different levels in terms of their effectiveness and practicality through EtherClue, a prototype tool for investigating Ethereum security incidents. Our results illustrate that coarse-grained IoCs defined over blocks of transactions can detect exploit transactions with less computation; however, they are contract-specific and suffer from false negatives. On the other hand, fine-grained IoCs defined over virtual machine instructions can avoid these pitfalls at the expense of increased computation which are nevertheless applicable for practical use.
Hyperfine-mediated transitions between electronic spin-1/2 levels of transition metal defects in SiC
Creators: name: Gilardoni, Carmem M.
name: Ion, Irina
name: Hendriks, Freddie
name: Trupke, Michael
name: van der Wal, Caspar H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transition metal defects in SiC give rise to localized electronic states that can be optically addressed in the telecom range in an industrially mature semiconductor platform. This has led to intense scrutiny of the spin and optical properties of these defect centers. For spin-1/2 defects, a combination of the defect symmetry and the strong spin-orbit coupling may restrict the allowed spin transitions, giving rise to defect spins that are long lived, but hard to address via microwave spin manipulation. Here, we show via analytical and numerical results that the presence of a central nuclear spin can lead to a non-trivial mixing of electronic spin states, while preserving the defect symmetry. The interplay between a small applied magnetic field and hyperfine coupling opens up magnetic microwave transitions that are forbidden in the absence of hyperfine coupling, enabling efficient manipulation of the electronic spin. We also find that an electric microwave field parallel to the c-axis can be used to manipulate the electronic spin via modulation of the relative strength of the dipolar hyperfine term.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures
Q^2 Dependence of the S_{11}(1535) Photocoupling and Evidence for a P-wave resonance in eta electroproduction
Creators: name: Denizli, H.
name: Mueller, J.
name: al., S. Dytman et
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New cross sections for the reaction $ep \to e'ηp$ are reported for total center of mass energy $W$=1.5--2.3 GeV and invariant squared momentum transfer $Q^2$=0.13--3.3 GeV$^2$. This large kinematic range allows extraction of new information about response functions, photocouplings, and $ηN$ coupling strengths of baryon resonances. A sharp structure is seen at $W\sim$ 1.7 GeV. The shape of the differential cross section is indicative of the presence of a $P$-wave resonance that persists to high $Q^2$. Improved values are derived for the photon coupling amplitude for the $S_{11}$(1535) resonance. The new data greatly expands the $Q^2$ range covered and an interpretation of all data with a consistent parameterization is provided.
description: 31 pages, 9 figures
Interactive biology of two seagrasses, Zostera marina L. and Zostera japonica Aschers. & Graebn.
Creators: name: Nomme, Kathy Margaret
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The two seagrasses Zostera marina L. and Zostera japonica Aschers. and Graebn. coexist in an intertidal region of the south-west coast of British Columbia. At the Roberts Bank study area three vegetation zones were identified; a seaward monospecific zone of Z. marina cover, a zone of mixed Z. marina and Z. japonica, and a landward monospecific zone of Z. japonica. The study investigating possible interactions between the two species was undertaken in three parts. First, a descriptive component compared numerous morphological characters, phenological data, and the population dynamics for each species between monospecific and mixed populations using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. For both species shoots in deeper intertidal waters tended to be longer and with greater biomass than shoots from shallower intertidal areas. The most pronounced difference was the suppression of lateral shoot development of Z. japonica under a Z. marina canopy. Second, transplants of monospecific adult patches indicated that vigorous lateral branching would proceed regardless of location on the intertidal gradient and confirmed that the suppression of Z. japonica growth was due to competition. Third, a manipulation experiment using artificial shoots to mimic shading under a Z. marina canopy did not directly indicate that the attenuation of light under a Z. marina canopy was the mechanism for suppression of Z. japonica population growth. The artificial shoots did not adequately mimic Z. marina shoots as a shading canopy. In addition the "patch" design of the manipulation experiment enhanced lateral branching while reducing shoot length. The results of the manipulation experiment were therefore considered in conjunction with the results of the descriptive study and the transplant experiments.
The Cosmology of Ricci-Tensor-Squared Gravity in the Palatini Variational Approach
Creators: name: Li, Baojiu
name: Barrow, John D.
name: Mota, David F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the cosmology of the Ricci-tensor-squared gravity in the Palatini variational approach. The gravitational action of standard general relativity is modified by adding a function f(R^abR_ab) to the Einstein-Hilbert action, and the Palatini variation is used to derive the field equations. A general method of obtaining the background and first-order covariant and gauge-invariant perturbation equations is outlined. As an example, we consider the cosmological constraints on such theories arising from the supernova type Ia and cosmic microwave background observations. We find that the best fit to the data is a non-null leading-order correction to Einstein gravity, but the current data exhibit no significant preference over the concordance model. The growth of non-relativistic matter density perturbations at late times is also analyzed, and we find that a scale-dependent (positive or negative) sound-speed-squared term generally appears in the growth equation for small-scale density perturbations. We also estimate the observational bound imposed by the matter power spectrum for the model with f(R^abR_ab) = alpha(R^abR_ab)^beta to be roughly |β| \lesssim O(10^{-5}) so long as the dark matter does not possess compensating anisotropic stresses.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures; version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Inferring DNA sequences from mechanical unzipping data: the large-bandwidth case
Creators: name: Baldazzi, Valentina
name: Bradde, Serena
name: Cocco, Simona
name: Marinari, Enzo
name: Monasson, Remi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The complementary strands of DNA molecules can be separated when stretched apart by a force; the unzipping signal is correlated to the base content of the sequence but is affected by thermal and instrumental noise. We consider here the ideal case where opening events are known to a very good time resolution (very large bandwidth), and study how the sequence can be reconstructed from the unzipping data. Our approach relies on the use of statistical Bayesian inference and of Viterbi decoding algorithm. Performances are studied numerically on Monte Carlo generated data, and analytically. We show how multiple unzippings of the same molecule may be exploited to improve the quality of the prediction, and calculate analytically the number of required unzippings as a function of the bandwidth, the sequence content, the elasticity parameters of the unzipped strands.
Hydrodynamic fluctuations in relativistic superfluids
Creators: name: Valle, Manuel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hamiltonian formulation of superfluids based on noncanonical Poisson brackets is studied in detail. The assumption that the momentum density is proportional to the flow of the conserved energy is shown to lead to the covariant relativistic theory previously suggested by Khalatnikov, Lebedev and Carter, and some potentials in this theory are given explicitly. We discuss hydrodynamic fluctuations in the presence of dissipative effects and we derive the corresponding set of hydrodynamic correlation functions. Kubo relations for the transport coefficients are obtained.
description: 13 pages, no figures, two references added
Triggering at High Luminosity Colliders
Creators: name: Beck, Hans Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article discusses the techniques used to select online promising events at high energy and high luminosity colliders. After a brief introduction, explaining some general aspects of triggering, the more specific implementation options for well established machines like the Tevatron and Large Hadron Collider are presented. An outlook on what difficulties need to be met is given when designing trigger systems at the Super Large Hadron Collider, or at the International Linear Collider
description: Accepted for publication in New Journal of Physics
A New Perspective on DGP Gravity
Creators: name: Gregory, Ruth
name: Kaloper, Nemanja
name: Myers, Robert C.
name: Padilla, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine brane induced gravity on codimension-1 branes, a.k.a DGP gravity, as a theory of five-dimensional gravity containing a certain class four-dimensional branes. From this perspective, the model suffers from a number of pathologies which went unnoticed before. By generalizing the 5D geometry from Minkowski to Schwarzschild, we find that when the bulk mass is large enough, the brane hits a pressure singularity at finite radius. Further, on the self-accelerating branch, the five-dimensional energy is unbounded from below, implying that the self-accelerating backgrounds are unstable. Even in an empty Minkowski bulk, standard Euclidean techniques suggest that the spontaneous nucleation of self-accelerating branes is unsuppressed. If so, quantum effects will strongly modify any classical intuition about the theory. We also note that unless considered as Z_2-orbifold boundaries, self-accelerating branes correspond to `wormhole' configurations, which introduces the usual problematic issues associated with wormholes. Altogether these pathologies present a serious challenge that any proposed UV completion of the DGP model must overcome.
description: 37 pages, 3 figures. References added. Some points clarified
Swift observations of the 2006 outburst of the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi: II. 1D hydrodynamical models of wind driven shocks
Creators: name: Vaytet, N. M. H.
name: O'Brien, T. J.
name: Bode, M. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following the early Swift X-ray observations of the latest outburst of the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi in February 2006 (Paper I), we present new 1D hydrodynamical models of the system which take into account all three phases of the remnant evolution. The models suggest a novel way of modelling the system by treating the outburst as a sudden increase then decrease in wind mass-loss rate and velocity. The differences between this wind model and previous Primakoff-type simulations are described. A more complex structure, even in 1D, is revealed through the presence of both forward and reverse shocks, with a separating contact discontinuity. The effects of radiative cooling are investigated and key outburst parameters such as mass-loss rate, ejecta velocity and mass are varied. The shock velocities as a function of time are compared to the ones derived in Paper I. We show how the manner in which the matter is ejected controls the evolution of the shock and that for a well-cooled remnant, the shock deceleration rate depends on the amount of energy that is radiated away.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Electromagnetic Coulomb Gas with Vector Charges and "Elastic'' Potentials : Renormalization Group Equations
Creators: name: Carpentier, David
name: Doussal, Pierre Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed derivation of the renormalization group equations for two dimensional electromagnetic Coulomb gases whose charges lie on a triangular lattice (magnetic charges) and its dual (electric charges). The interactions between the charges involve both angular couplings and a new electromagnetic potential. This motivates the denomination of ``elastic'' Coulomb gas. Such elastic Coulomb gases arise naturally in the study of the continuous melting transition of two dimensional solids coupled to a substrate, either commensurate or with quenched disorder.
Additional file 2 of Genetic deletion of Krüppel-like factor 11 aggravates traumatic brain injury
Creators: name: Zhou, Chao
name: Sun, Ping
name: Hamblin, Milton H.
name: Yin, Ke-Jie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Animal number and mortality rate in this study.
Enhanced microwave transmission through quasicrystal hole arrays
Creators: name: Papasimakis, N.
name: Fedotov, V. A.
name: de Abajo, F. J. Garcia
name: Schwanecke, A. S.
name: Zheludev, N. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the observation of enhanced microwave transmission through quasi-periodic hole arrays in metal films. The fraction of transmitted light reaches 50% in a self-standing metal film and approaches 90% when the film is sandwiched between thin dielectric slabs, while the holes occupy only 10% of the sample area. The maximum transmission is accompanied by zero phase change, rendering the film almost 'invisible' over a wide frequency range. The extraordinary transmission phenomenon is interpreted in terms of resonances in the self-consistent interaction between holes, which are represented by effective electric and magnetic dipoles.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
CSLens: Towards Better Deploying Charging Stations via Visual Analytics -- A Coupled Networks Perspective
Creators: name: Zhang, Yutian
name: Xu, Liwen
name: Tao, Shaocong
name: Guan, Quanxue
name: Li, Quan
name: Zeng, Haipeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, the global adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has surged, prompting a corresponding rise in the installation of charging stations. This proliferation has underscored the importance of expediting the deployment of charging infrastructure. Both academia and industry have thus devoted to addressing the charging station location problem (CSLP) to streamline this process. However, prevailing algorithms addressing CSLP are hampered by restrictive assumptions and computational overhead, leading to a dearth of comprehensive evaluations in the spatiotemporal dimensions. Consequently, their practical viability is restricted. Moreover, the placement of charging stations exerts a significant impact on both the road network and the power grid, which necessitates the evaluation of the potential post-deployment impacts on these interconnected networks holistically. In this study, we propose CSLens, a visual analytics system designed to inform charging station deployment decisions through the lens of coupled transportation and power networks. CSLens offers multiple visualizations and interactive features, empowering users to delve into the existing charging station layout, explore alternative deployment solutions, and assess the ensuring impact. To validate the efficacy of CSLens, we conducted two case studies and engaged in interviews with domain experts. Through these efforts, we substantiated the usability and practical utility of CSLens in enhancing the decision-making process surrounding charging station deployment. Our findings underscore CSLens's potential to serve as a valuable asset in navigating the complexities of charging infrastructure planning.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures; Accepted by IEEE IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2024 (TVCG)
Analysis of Interdependencies between CITI and other Critical Infrastructures using RISKS Forum data
Creators: name: Rahman, Hafiz Abdur
name: Beznosov, Konstantin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Security of Critical Infrastructures
JIIRP
CITI
infrastructure interdependcies

description: * Objectives * Information Requirement for CITI Failure Analysis * Use of Public Domain Failure Reports * Existing Classification Methods * Our Method of Classification and Analysis * Results of our Analysis * Conclusions
More about F-term uplifting
Creators: name: Abe, Hiroyuki
name: Higaki, Tetsutaro
name: Kobayashi, Tatsuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study moduli stabilization and a realization of de Sitter vacua in generalized F-term uplifting scenarios of the KKLT-type anti-de Sitter vacuum, where the uplifting sector X directly couples to the light Kähler modulus T in the superpotential through, e.g., stringy instanton effects. F-term uplifting can be achieved by a spontaneous supersymmetry breaking sector, e.g., the Polonyi model, the O'Raifeartaigh model and the Intriligator-Seiberg-Shih model. Several models with the X-T mixing are examined and qualitative features in most models {\it even with such mixing} are almost the same as those in the KKLT scenario. One of the quantitative changes, which are relevant to the phenomenology, is a larger hierarchy between the modulus mass m_T and the gravitino mass $m_{3/2}$, i.e., $m_T/m_{3/2} = {\cal O}(a^2)$, where $a \sim 4 π^2$. In spite of such a large mass, the modulus F-term is suppressed not like $F^T = {\cal O}(m_{3/2}/a^2)$, but like $F^T = {\cal O}(m_{3/2}/a)$ for $\ln (M_{Pl}/m_{3/2}) \sim a$, because of an enhancement factor coming from the X-T mixing. Then we typically find a mirage-mediation pattern of gaugino masses of ${\cal O}(m_{3/2}/a)$, while the scalar masses would be generically of ${\cal O}(m_{3/2})$.
description: 22 pages; a sign error in the evaluation of F^X and the related part corrected, references added
Metastable String Vacua
Creators: name: Angelantonj, C.
name: Dudas, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that tachyon-free type I string vacua with supersymmetry breaking in the open sector at the string scale can be interpreted, via S and T-duality arguments, as metastable vacua of supersymmetric type I superstring. The dynamics of the process can be partially captured via nucleation of brane-antibrane pairs out of the non-supersymmetric vacuum and subsequent tachyon condensation.
description: 15 pages. v2 refs added and minor improvements
Sequence and organization of the nonstructural proteins and noncoding regions of melon necrotic spot virus
Creators: name: Rivière, Carol Jeanne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV), is an isometric plant virus with a monopartite, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. This thesis reports the nucleotide sequence of regions of the MNSV genome which are noncoding or which encode nonstructural proteins, as well as the number and approximate sizes of the subgenomic RNAs produced by MNSV during infection. These data show that the MNSV genome comprises at least 4,262 nucleotides encoding, in two different reading frames, three or four nonstructural proteins for which there is some evidence of in vivo expression. These proteins, listed in order of their location on the genome from the 5' terminus, have molecular weights of ca. 29,000 (p29), 89,000 (p89), 7,000 (p7) and 14,000 (pl4). The p29 and P89 proteins are probably translated from genomic length RNA, while p7 and pl4 are probably translated from a ca. 1.9 kb subgenomic RNA. A second subgenomic RNA of ca. 1.6 kb is the likely template for translation of the 3' proximal, 42 kDa coat protein. Expression of p89 and p14 requires read-through of the amber termination codons of p29 and p7, respectively. MNSV p89 is the putative viral replicase; its read-through domain contains the GDD motif characteristic of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of several plant and animal viruses. The MNSV replicase shows very little amino acid sequence similarity with the replicases of viruses from either of the two established virus supergroups. The MNSV polymerase, however, shows a high degree of similarity with the polymerases of maize chlorotic mottle virus as well as carmo-, tombus- and luteoviruses which have been suggested to form a third virus supergroup. The role of p29 is unknown, but it presumably functions in replication. The functions of p7 and p14 are also unknown, but may be related to virus transport. Although MNSV shows amino acid sequence similarity in some of its proteins with viruses in several plant virus groups, it shows the most extensive similarities with members of the carmovirus group. MNSV also closely resembles these viruses in the number, sizes and genomic organization of its proteins as well as in its probable translation strategy. For these reasons, as well as previously reported physico-chemical similarities with the carmoviruses, MNSV should be classified as a member of the carmovirus group.
A tree without leaves
Creators: name: Meyer-Berthaud, Brigitte
name: Decombeix, Anne-Laure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The puzzle presented by the famous stumps of Gilboa, New York, finds a solution in the discovery of two fossil specimens that allow the entire structure of these early trees to be reconstructed.
New constraints on Planck-scale Lorentz Violation in QED from the Crab Nebula
Creators: name: Maccione, Luca
name: Liberati, Stefano
name: Celotti, Annalisa
name: Kirk, John G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We set constraints on O(E/M) Lorentz Violation in QED in an effective field theory framework. A major consequence of such assumptions is the modification of the dispersion relations for electrons/positrons and photons, which in turn can affect the electromagnetic output of astrophysical objects. We compare the information provided by multiwavelength observations with a full and self-consistent computation of the broad-band spectrum of the Crab Nebula. We cast constraints of order 10^{-5} at 95% confidence level on the lepton Lorentz Violation parameters.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures. v2: added comments and references, matches version accepted by JCAP
Characteristic forms of complex Cartan geometries
Creators: name: McKay, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C28

description: We calculate relations on characteristic classes which are obstructions preventing closed Kähler manifolds from carrying holomorphic Cartan geometries. We apply these relations to give global constraints on the phase spaces of complex analytic determined and underdetermined systems of differential equations.
description: 29 pages (on A4 paper). I split off the results about Calabi-Yaus into a separate paper
The effect of type I migration on the formation of terrestrial planets in hot-Jupiter systems
Creators: name: Fogg, Martyn J.
name: Nelson, Richard P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Our previous models of a giant planet migrating through an inner protoplanet/planetesimal disk find that the giant shepherds a portion of the material it encounters into interior orbits, whilst scattering the rest into external orbits. Scattering tends to dominate, leaving behind abundant material that can accrete into terrestrial planets. Aims: We add to the possible realism of our model by simulating type I migration forces which cause an inward drift, and strong eccentricity and inclination damping of protoplanetary bodies. This extra dissipation might be expected to enhance shepherding at the expense of scattering, possibly modifying our previous conclusions. Methods: We employ an N-body code that is linked to a viscous gas disk algorithm capable of simulating: gas accretion onto the central star; gap formation in the vicinity of the giant planet; type II migration of the giant planet; type I migration of protoplanets; and the effect of gas drag on planetesimals. We use the code to re-run three scenarios from a previous work where type I migration was not included. Results: The additional dissipation introduced by type I migration enhances the inward shepherding of material but does not severely reduce scattering. We find that > 50% of the solids disk material still survives the migration in scattered exterior orbits: most of it well placed to complete terrestrial planet formation at < 3 AU. The shepherded portion of the disk accretes into hot-Earths, which survive in interior orbits for the duration of our simulations. Conclusions: Water-rich terrestrial planets can form in the habitable zones of hot-Jupiter systems and hot-Earths and hot-Neptunes may also be present. These systems should be targets of future planet search missions.
description: Accepted by A&A. 15 pages, 14 figures. Higher resolution pdf available at http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~mfogg/7950fogg.pdf
A morphological study of the formation of the dentino-enamel junction in the rat molar : the role of dentin in enamel formation
Creators: name: Robinson, Bruce William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis is a morphological study detailing the initial formation of the dentino-enamel junction (DEJ) in the rat molar. It was undertaken to determine how enamel apatite crystals are initiated during tooth development. The DEJ was investigated along its developmental gradient so that both the spatial and temporal sequences of dentin and enamel mineralization could be observed. For this investigation both conventional and selected-area dark-field electron microscopy were applied. The results of this study indicate that enamel crystals arise by epitaxial growth from preformed dentin crystals. This is supported by the temporal relationship beween dentin and enamel where dentin mineralization preceeds enamel mineralization and the intimate spatial relationship between the apatite crystals of dentin and enamel at both the newly formed and the more mature dentino-enamel junction. These results also suggest that the terminal portions of collagen fibrils in the pre-dentin matrix undergo some alteration prior to mineralization which may be related to their function in presenting dentin apatite to the enamel matrix. The interrelatonship between both the inorganic and organic matrices of dentin and enamel are presented in a working model and discussed in light of the mechanisms by which mineralized dentin may promote the formation of enamel crystals.
Q0045-3337: models including strong lensing by a spiral galaxy
Creators: name: Chieregato, M.
name: Miranda, M.
name: Jetzer, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. Falomo et al. (2005) discovered a disk-like galaxy at ~ 1.2 arcsec from the QSO Q0045-3337 by means of ESO VLT adaptive optics. They estimated a galaxy Einstein radius (for a point mass) of comparable size, thus pointing up the existence of a new, rare, spiral lens candidate, despite no evident image splitting. Here we discuss the possible lensing effect of the galaxy in some more detail. Methods. We performed two dimensional surface photometry on the VLT image of the galaxy, confirming its spiral nature. We then verified if simple mass models, partially constrained by observational data, require unrealistic parameters to produce a still hidden second quasar image. We also evaluated the respective viability of an instrumental or a lensing origin of the observed QSO deformation. Results. After galaxy model subtraction, we found a residual image, likely not related to gravitational lensing. Existing data are not sufficient to assess the presence of image splitting, nor to constrain the number of images or discriminate between galaxy mass models. Conclusion. Further observations are mandatory to progress in the study of this remarkable system, that could shed more light on the lensing behaviour of spiral galaxies.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication on A&A
ULTRACAM: an ultra-fast, triple-beam CCD camera for high-speed astrophysics
Creators: name: Dhillon, V. S.
name: Marsh, T. R.
name: Stevenson, M. J.
name: Atkinson, D. C.
name: Kerry, P.
name: Peacocke, P. T.
name: Vick, A. J. A.
name: Beard, S. M.
name: Ives, D. J.
name: Lunney, D. W.
name: McLay, S. A.
name: Tierney, C. J.
name: Kelly, J.
name: Littlefair, S. P.
name: Nicholson, R.
name: Pashley, R.
name: Harlaftis, E. T.
name: O'Brien, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: ULTRACAM is a portable, high-speed imaging photometer designed to study faint astronomical objects at high temporal resolutions. ULTRACAM employs two dichroic beamsplitters and three frame-transfer CCD cameras to provide three-colour optical imaging at frame rates of up to 500 Hz. The instrument has been mounted on both the 4.2-m William Herschel Telescope on La Palma and the 8.2-m Very Large Telescope in Chile, and has been used to study white dwarfs, brown dwarfs, pulsars, black-hole/neutron-star X-ray binaries, gamma-ray bursts, cataclysmic variables, eclipsing binary stars, extrasolar planets, flare stars, ultra-compact binaries, active galactic nuclei, asteroseismology and occultations by Solar System objects (Titan, Pluto and Kuiper Belt objects). In this paper we describe the scientific motivation behind ULTRACAM, present an outline of its design and report on its measured performance.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
MeV Dark Matter and Small Scale Structure
Creators: name: Hooper, Dan
name: Kaplinghat, Manoj
name: Strigari, Louis E.
name: Zurek, Kathryn M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: WIMPs with electroweak scale masses (neutralinos, etc.) remain in kinetic equilibrium with other particle species until temperatures approximately in the range of 10 MeV to 1 GeV, leading to the formation of dark matter substructure with masses as small as $10^{-4} M_{\odot}$ to $10^{-12} M_{\odot}$. However, if dark matter consists of particles with MeV scale masses, as motivated by the observation of 511 keV emission from the Galactic Bulge, such particles are naturally expected to remain in kinetic equilibrium with the cosmic neutrino background until considerably later times. This would lead to a strong suppression of small scale structure with masses below about $10^7 M_{\odot}$ to $10^4 M_{\odot}$. This cutoff scale has important implications for present and future searches for faint Local Group satellite galaxies and for the missing satellites problem.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
On the migration of protoplanets embedded in circumbinary disks
Creators: name: Pierens, Arnaud
name: Nelson, Richard P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of hydrodynamical simulations of low mass protoplanets embedded in circumbinary accretion disks. The aim is to examine the migration and long term orbital evolution of the protoplanets, in order to establish the stability properties of planets that form in circumbinary disks. Simulations were performed using a grid--based hydrodynamics code. First we present a set of calculations that study how a binary interacts with a circumbinary disk. We evolve the system for 10^5 binary orbits, which is the time needed for the system to reach a quasi-equilibrium state. From this time onward the apsidal lines of the disk and the binary are aligned, and the binary eccentricity remains essentially unchanged with a value of e_b ~ 0.08. Once this stationary state is obtained, we embed a low mass protoplanet in the disk and let it evolve under the action of the binary and disk forces. We consider protoplanets with masses of 5, 10 and 20 Earth masses. In each case, we find that inward migration of the protoplanet is stopped at the edge of the tidally truncated cavity formed by the binary. This effect is due to positve corotation torques, which can counterbalance the net negative Lindblad torques in disk regions where the surface density profile has a sufficiently large positive gradient. Halting of migration occurs in a region of long-term stability, suggesting that low mass circumbinary planets may be common, and that gas giant circumbinary planets should be able to form in circumbinary disks.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Is there a relativistic nonlinear generalization of quantum mechanics?
Creators: name: Elze, Hans-Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Yes, there is. - A new kind of gauge theory is introduced, where the minimal coupling and corresponding covariant derivatives are defined in the space of functions pertaining to the functional Schroedinger picture of a given field theory. While, for simplicity, we study the example of an U(1) symmetry, this kind of gauge theory can accommodate other symmetries as well. We consider the resulting relativistic nonlinear extension of quantum mechanics and show that it incorporates gravity in the (0+1)-dimensional limit, where it leads to the Schroedinger-Newton equations. Gravity is encoded here into a universal nonlinear extension of quantum theory. The probabilistic interpretation, i.e. Born's rule, holds provided the underlying model has only dimensionless parameters.
description: 10 pages; talk at DICE 2006 (Piombino, September 11-15, 2006); to appear in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (2007)
Asymmetry-induced order in multilayer networks
Creators: name: Medeiros, Everton S
name: Feudel, Ulrike
name: Zakharova, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Symmetries naturally occur in real-world networks and can significantly influence the observed dynamics. For instance, many synchronization patterns result from the underlying network symmetries, and high symmetries are known to increase the stability of synchronization. Yet, here we find that general macroscopic features of network solutions such as regularity can be induced by breaking their symmetry of interactions. We demonstrate this effect in an ecological multilayer network where the topological asymmetries occur naturally. These asymmetries rescue the system from chaotic oscillations by establishing stable periodic orbits and equilibria. We call this phenomenon asymmetry-induced order and uncover its mechanism by analyzing both analytically and numerically the suppression of dynamics on the system's synchronization manifold. Moreover, the bifurcation scenario describing the route from chaos to order is also disclosed. We demonstrate that this result also holds for generic node dynamics by analyzing coupled paradigmatic Rössler and Lorenz systems.
DRILL: Dynamic Representations for Imbalanced Lifelong Learning
Creators: name: Ahrens, Kyra
name: Abawi, Fares
name: Wermter, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Continual or lifelong learning has been a long-standing challenge in machine learning to date, especially in natural language processing (NLP). Although state-of-the-art language models such as BERT have ushered in a new era in this field due to their outstanding performance in multitask learning scenarios, they suffer from forgetting when being exposed to a continuous stream of data with shifting data distributions. In this paper, we introduce DRILL, a novel continual learning architecture for open-domain text classification. DRILL leverages a biologically inspired self-organizing neural architecture to selectively gate latent language representations from BERT in a task-incremental manner. We demonstrate in our experiments that DRILL outperforms current methods in a realistic scenario of imbalanced, non-stationary data without prior knowledge about task boundaries. To the best of our knowledge, DRILL is the first of its kind to use a self-organizing neural architecture for open-domain lifelong learning in NLP.
Towards massless and massive event shapes in the large-$β_0$ limit
Creators: name: Gracia, Néstor G.
name: Mateu, Vicent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results for SCET and bHQET matching coefficients and jet functions in the large-$β_0$ limit. Our computations exactly predict all terms of the form $α_s^{n+1} n_f^n$ for any $n\geq 0$, and we find full agreement with the coefficients computed in the full theory up to $\mathcal{O}(α_s^4)$. We obtain all-order closed expressions for the cusp and non-cusp anomalous dimensions (which turn out to be unambiguous) as well as matrix elements (with ambiguities) in this limit, which can be easily expanded to arbitrarily high powers of $α_s$ using recursive algorithms to obtain the corresponding fixed-order coefficients. Examining the poles laying on the positive real axis of the Borel-transform variable $u$ we quantify the perturbative convergence of a series and estimate the size of non-perturbative corrections. We find a so far unknown $u=1/2$ renormalon in the bHQET hard factor $H_m$ that affects the normalization of the peak differential cross section for boosted top quark pair production. For ambiguous series the so-called Borel sum is defined with the principal value prescription. Furthermore, one can assign an ambiguity based on the arbitrariness of avoiding the poles by contour deformation into the positive or negative imaginary half-plane. Finally, we compute the relation between the pole mass and four low-scale short distance masses in the large-$β_0$ approximation (MSR, RS and two versions of the jet mass), work out their $μ$- and $R$-evolution in this limit, and study how their implementation improves the convergence of the position-space bHQET jet function, whose three-loop coefficient in full QCD is numerically estimated.
description: 60 pages + appendices, 19 figures, 6 tables. Added references, fixed typos, matches published version
From Cooperative Paramagnet to Néel Order in Y_2Ru_2O_7
Creators: name: van Duijn, J.
name: Hur, N.
name: Taylor, J. W.
name: Qiu, Y.
name: Huang, Q. Z.
name: Cheong, S. -W.
name: Broholm, C.
name: Perring, T. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin correlations in the pyrochlore antiferromagnet Y_2Ru_2O_7 with Curie-Weiss temperature $Θ_{CW}=-1100$ K and critical temperature T_N=77 K were examined through neutron scattering. For $T_N
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRB-RC
Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect of $\mathrm{Tb_2Rh_3Ge}$
Creators: name: Sahu, Baidyanath
name: Strydom, AM
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: F.2.2; I.2.7
subject: Magnetic material

description: We report the structural, magnetic properties, and magnetocaloric effect of a new polycrystalline compound of $\mathrm{Tb_2Rh_3Ge}$. This present compound crystallizes with $\mathrm{Mg_2Ni_3Si}$-type of rhombohedral Laves phases (space group $R\overline{3}m$, hR18). The magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect of the $\mathrm{Tb_2Rh_3Ge}$ is explored through dc-magnetization measurements. Temperature dependence of magnetization revealed that the compound exhibits ferromagnetic behavior with $T_C$$=$56 K. The field dependence of magnetization indicates that $\mathrm{Tb_2Rh_3Ge}$ is a soft ferromagnet. The obtained isothermal magnetic entropy changes ($ΔS_m$), and refrigeration capacity (relative power cooling) for a change of magnetic field 0-9 T are 12.74 J/kg-K, and 497(680) J/kg respectively. The Arrott plots and universal curve of normalized $ΔS_m$ indicate that this compound undergoes second order ferromagnetic phase transition
description: 5 pages, and 8 figures
Additional file 5 of Genetic deletion of Krüppel-like factor 11 aggravates traumatic brain injury
Creators: name: Zhou, Chao
name: Sun, Ping
name: Hamblin, Milton H.
name: Yin, Ke-Jie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 5: Table S4. Pearson correlation analysis (p value).
J0316+4328: a Probable "Asymmetric Double" Lens
Creators: name: Boyce, E. R.
name: Myers, S. T.
name: Browne, I. W. A.
name: Stroman, W. J.
name: Jackson, N. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a probable gravitational lens J0316+4328, one of 19 candidate asymmetric double lenses (2 images at a high flux density ratio) from CLASS. Observations with the Very Large Array (VLA), MERLIN and the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) imply that J0316+4328 is a lens with high confidence. It has 2 images separated by 0.40", with 6 GHz flux densities of 62 mJy and 3.2 mJy. The flux density ratio of ~19 (constant over the frequency range 6-22 GHz) is the largest for any 2 image gravitational lens. High resolution optical imaging and deeper VLBI maps should confirm the lensing interpretation and provide inputs to detailed lens models. The unique configuration will give strong constraints on the lens galaxy's mass profile.
description: Accepted to MNRAS Letters. 5 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
Boundary triplets and M-functions for non-selfadjoint operators, with applications to elliptic PDEs and block operator matrices
Creators: name: Brown, Malcolm
name: Marletta, Marco
name: Naboko, Serguei
name: Wood, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J25; 35P05; 47A10; 47A11

description: Starting with an adjoint pair of operators, under suitable abstract versions of standard PDE hypotheses, we consider the Weyl M-function of extensions of the operators. The extensions are determined by abstract boundary conditions and we establish results on the relationship between the M-function as an analytic function of a spectral parameter and the spectrum of the extension. We also give an example where the M-function does not contain the whole spectral information of the resolvent, and show that the results can be applied to elliptic PDEs where the M-function corresponds to the Dirichlet to Neumann map.
description: 16 pages, submitted to LMS; v2: including more references and some minor corrections; changed presentation in section 2, added theorem 4.4, modified example in section 5; v3: includes new references