cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Thermal Transitions in Domain Wall AdS/QCD
Creators: name: Evans, Nick
name: Mitchell, Jack
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study thermal transitions in a Domain Wall AdS/QCD model. The model is based on the D5/probe D7 system with a discontinuous mass profile which restricts chiral fermions to 3+1 dimensional domain walls. Fluctuations on the domain wall are dual to the quark mass and condensate and reveal the relation between domain wall separation and the quark mass. The massive quarks exhibit a second order thermal, meson melting transition. Witten's multi-trace prescription can be used to interpret these configurations as having a dynamical mass from a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio interaction - here the transition is first order. Confinement can be introduced into the gauge sector by compactifying one direction of the D5. Compactification induces chiral symmetry breaking and there is a first order thermal restoration transition. If an NJL interaction is also introduced then the confinement and chiral symmetry breaking scales can be separated.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures - Updated to match published version: Added figure and comments
MILLIY VA XORIJIY PSIXOLOGIYADA DIVERGENT TAFAKKURNING MOHIYATI VA UNING O'RGANILISHI
Creators: name: Adizova, Nigora
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: ushbu maqolada dunyo tajribasidan kelib chiqib, zamonaviy ta'lim tizimadagi divergent fikrlashga oid tadqiqotlar ilmiy nazariy tahlil qilingan.
Polarization-sensitive Compton scattering by accelerated electrons
Creators: name: Moscibrodzka, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe upgrades to a numerical code which computes synchrotron and inverse-Compton emission from relativistic plasma including full polarization. The introduced upgrades concern scattering kernel which is now capable of scattering the polarized and unpolarized photons on non-thermal population of electrons. We describe the scheme to approach this problem and we test the numerical code against known analytic solution. Finally, using the upgraded code, we predict polarization of light that is scattered off sub-relativistic thermal or relativistic thermal and non-thermal free electrons. The upgraded code enables more realistic simulations of emissions from plasma jets associated with accreting compact objects.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted to The Astrophysical Journal Supplement series
Recursive Algorithms for Distributed Forests of Octrees
Creators: name: Isaac, Tobin
name: Burstedde, Carsten
name: Wilcox, Lucas C.
name: Ghattas, Omar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The forest-of-octrees approach to parallel adaptive mesh refinement and coarsening (AMR) has recently been demonstrated in the context of a number of large-scale PDE-based applications. Although linear octrees, which store only leaf octants, have an underlying tree structure by definition, it is not often exploited in previously published mesh-related algorithms. This is because the branches are not explicitly stored, and because the topological relationships in meshes, such as the adjacency between cells, introduce dependencies that do not respect the octree hierarchy. In this work we combine hierarchical and topological relationships between octree branches to design efficient recursive algorithms. We present three important algorithms with recursive implementations. The first is a parallel search for leaves matching any of a set of multiple search criteria. The second is a ghost layer construction algorithm that handles arbitrarily refined octrees that are not covered by previous algorithms, which require a 2:1 condition between neighboring leaves. The third is a universal mesh topology iterator. This iterator visits every cell in a domain partition, as well as every interface (face, edge and corner) between these cells. The iterator calculates the local topological information for every interface that it visits, taking into account the nonconforming interfaces that increase the complexity of describing the local topology. To demonstrate the utility of the topology iterator, we use it to compute the numbering and encoding of higher-order $C^0$ nodal basis functions. We analyze the complexity of the new recursive algorithms theoretically, and assess their performance, both in terms of single-processor efficiency and in terms of parallel scalability, demonstrating good weak and strong scaling up to 458k cores of the JUQUEEN supercomputer.
description: 35 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables
The Fast Flavor Instability in Hypermassive Neutron Star Disk Outflows
Creators: name: Fernández, Rodrigo
name: Richers, Sherwood
name: Mulyk, Nicole
name: Fahlman, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the effect of neutrino flavor transformation by the fast flavor instability (FFI) on long-term mass ejection from accretion disks formed after neutron star mergers. Neutrino emission and absorption in the disk set the composition of the disk ejecta, which subsequently undergoes $r$-process nucleosynthesis upon expansion and cooling. Here we perform 28 time-dependent, axisymmetric, viscous-hydrodynamic simulations of accretion disks around hypermassive neutron stars (HMNSs) of variable lifetime, using a 3-species neutrino leakage scheme for emission and an annular-lightbulb scheme for absorption. We include neutrino flavor transformation due the FFI in a parametric way, by modifying the absorbed neutrino fluxes and temperatures, allowing for flavor mixing at various levels of flavor equilibration, and also in a way that aims to respect the lepton-number preserving symmetry of the neutrino self-interaction Hamiltonian. We find that for a promptly-formed black hole (BH), the FFI lowers the average electron fraction of the disk outflow due to a decrease in neutrino absorption, driven primarily by a drop in electron neutrino/antineutrino flux upon flavor mixing. For a long-lived HMNS, the disk emits more heavy lepton neutrinos and reabsorbs more electron neutrinos than for a BH, with a smaller drop in flux compensated by a higher neutrino temperature upon flavor mixing. The resulting outflow has a broader electron fraction distribution, a more proton-rich peak, and undergoes stronger radiative driving. Disks with intermediate HMNS lifetimes show results that fall in between these two limits. In most cases, the impact of the FFI on the outflow is moderate, with changes in mass ejection, average velocity, and average electron fraction of order $\sim 10\%$, and changes in the lanthanide/actinide mass fraction of up to a factor $\sim 2$.
description: Accepted by PRD. Added appendix with derivation of asymmetric oscillation coefficients, minor changes otherwise
Multiparametric cytotoxicity assessment: the effect of gold nanoparticle ligand functionalization on SKOV3 ovarian carcinoma cell death
Creators: name: McDougall, Rachel M.
name: Cahill, Hannah F.
name: Power, Madeline E.
name: MacCormack, Tyson J.
name: Meli, M-Vicki
name: Rourke, Jillian L.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are promising anti-cancer agents because of their modifiable properties and high biocompatibility. This study used multiple parallel analyses to investigate the cytotoxic properties of 5 nm AuNP conjugated to four different ligands with distinct surface chemistry: polyethylene glycol (PEG), trimethylammonium bromide (TMAB), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and carboxyl (COOH). We used a range of biochemical and high-content microscopy methods to evaluate the metabolic function, oxidative stress, cell health, cell viability, and cell morphology in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. Each AuNP displayed a distinct cytotoxicity profile. All AuNP species assessed exhibited signs of dose-dependent cytotoxicity when morphology, clonogenic survival, lysosomal uptake, or cell number were measured as the marker of toxicity. All particles except for AuNP-COOH increased SKOV3 apoptosis. In contrast, AuNP-TMAB was the only particle that did not alter the metabolic function or induce significant signs of oxidative stress. These results demonstrate that AuNP surface chemistry impacts the magnitude and mechanism of SKOV3 cell death. Together, these findings reinforce the important role for multiparametric cytotoxicity characterization when considering the utility of novel particles and surface chemistries.
Edge-decompositions of graphs with high minimum degree
Creators: name: Barber, Ben
name: Kühn, Daniela
name: Lo, Allan
name: Osthus, Deryk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C70

description: A fundamental theorem of Wilson states that, for every graph $F$, every sufficiently large $F$-divisible clique has an $F$-decomposition. Here a graph $G$ is $F$-divisible if $e(F)$ divides $e(G)$ and the greatest common divisor of the degrees of $F$ divides the greatest common divisor of the degrees of $G$, and $G$ has an $F$-decomposition if the edges of $G$ can be covered by edge-disjoint copies of $F$. We extend this result to graphs $G$ which are allowed to be far from complete. In particular, together with a result of Dross, our results imply that every sufficiently large $K_3$-divisible graph of minimum degree at least $9n/10+o(n)$ has a $K_3$-decomposition. This significantly improves previous results towards the long-standing conjecture of Nash-Williams that every sufficiently large $K_3$-divisible graph with minimum degree at least $3n/4$ has a $K_3$-decomposition. We also obtain the asymptotically correct minimum degree thresholds of $2n/3 +o(n)$ for the existence of a $C_4$-decomposition, and of $n/2+o(n)$ for the existence of a $C_{2\ell}$-decomposition, where $\ell\ge 3$. Our main contribution is a general `iterative absorption' method which turns an approximate or fractional decomposition into an exact one. In particular, our results imply that in order to prove an asymptotic version of Nash-Williams' conjecture, it suffices to show that every $K_3$-divisible graph with minimum degree at least $3n/4+o(n)$ has an approximate $K_3$-decomposition,
description: 41 pages. This version includes some minor corrections, updates and improvements
Quasi-normal modes of rotating black holes in Einstein-dilaton Gauss-Bonnet gravity: the second order in rotation
Creators: name: Pierini, Lorenzo
name: Gualtieri, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most promising strategies to test gravity in the strong-field, large curvature regime is gravitational spectroscopy: the measurement of black hole quasi-normal modes from the ringdown signal emitted in the aftermath of a compact binary coalescence, searching for deviations from the predictions of general relativity. This strategy is only effective if we know how quasi-normal modes of black holes are affected by modifications of general relativity; and if we know this for rotating black holes, since binary coalescences typically lead to black holes with spins $J/M^2\sim 0.7$. In this article, we compute for the first time the gravitational quasi-normal modes of rotating black holes up to second order in the spin in a modified gravity theory. We consider Einstein-dilaton Gauss-Bonnet gravity, one of the simplest theories which modifies the large-curvature regime of gravity and which can be tested with black hole observations. To enhance the domain of validity of the spin expansion, we perform a Padé resummation of the quasi-normal modes. We find that when the second order in spin is not included, the effect of gravity modifications may be seriously underestimated. A comparison with the general relativistic case suggests that this approach should be accurate up to spins $\sim 0.7$; therefore, our results can be used in the data analysis of ringdown signals.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables. Minor changes to match the version published in Phys. Rev. D. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2103.09870
Separating toxicity and shading in algal growth inhibition tests of nanomaterials and colored substances
Creators: name: Skjolding, Lars Michael
name: Sørensen, Sara Nørgaard
name: Dyhr, Karen Scharling
name: Hjorth, Rune
name: Schlüter, Louise
name: Hedberg, Camilla
name: Hartmann, Nanna B.
name: Mayer, Philipp
name: Baun, Anders
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Nanoparticles and colored substances can inhibit algal growth by light shading and chemical toxicity. This study presents two complementary approaches to account for shading in algal growth inhibition tests of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and colored substances. The first approach distinguishes between shading effects and toxicity by varying the light path in parallel algal growth inhibition tests. This Multiple Path-Length (MPL) test was applied to TiO2 ENMs and the colored substances sodium picramate and Rhodamine B. A left shifting of concentration-response curves, with increasing light path lengths, indicated shading for Rhodamine B, sodium picramate and TiO2 ENMs. EC50-values obtained at the shortest light path length were generally found best suited to quantify the toxicity of ENMs and colored substances. The second approach addresses shading at the cellular level, where particles can attach to the cell surface and affect photo-pigment content and composition. Pigments associated with photosystem I and II were determined at varying light intensities and concentrations of TiO2 ENMs. The photo-pigments that increased in response to physical shading, decreased after TiO2 ENMs exposure. This indicates that toxicity rather than cellular shading dominated the response of algae exposed to TiO2 ENMs. Additional tests were conducted with the nanomaterials CeO2 and goethite to evaluate the applicability of this approach to other ENMs. On this basis, we recommend MPL testing for determining EC50-values that are not confounded by shading in the test solution, and the pigment-based approach for investigating shading on the cellular level.
COSMOS2020: UV selected galaxies at $z\geq7.5$
Creators: name: Kauffmann, O. B.
name: Ilbert, O.
name: Weaver, J. R.
name: McCracken, H. J.
name: Milvang-Jensen, B.
name: Brammer, G.
name: Davidzon, I.
name: Fèvre, O. Le
name: Liu, D.
name: Mobasher, B.
name: Moneti, A.
name: Shuntov, M.
name: Toft, S.
name: Casey, C. M.
name: Dunlop, J. S.
name: Kartaltepe, J. S.
name: Koekemoer, A. M.
name: Sanders, D. B.
name: Tresse, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a new search for $z\geq7.5$ galaxies using the COSMOS2020 photometric catalogues. Finding galaxies at the reionization epoch through deep imaging surveys remains observationally challenging. The larger area covered by ground-based surveys like COSMOS enables the discovery of the brightest galaxies at these high redshifts. Covering $1.4$deg$^2$, our COSMOS catalogues were constructed from the latest UltraVISTA data release (DR4) combined with the final Spitzer/IRAC COSMOS images and the Hyper-Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program DR2 release. We identify $17$ new $7.5
description: 25 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables, accepted in A&A
Semi-analytical Study on the Generic Degeneracy for Galaxy Clustering Measurements
Creators: name: Guarnizo, Alejandro
name: Amendola, Luca
name: Kunz, Martin
name: Vollmer, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From the galaxy power spectrum in redshift space, we derive semi-analytical results on the generic degeneracy of galaxy clustering measurements. Defining the observables $\bar{A}= Gbσ_8$ and $\bar{R} = Gfσ_8$, (being $G$ the growth function, $b$ the bias, $f$ the growth rate, and $σ_8$ the amplitude of the power spectrum), we perform a Fisher matrix formalism to forecast the expected precision of these quantities for a Euclid-like survey. Among the results we found that galaxy surveys have generically a slightly negative correlation between $\bar{A}$ and $\bar{R}$, and they can always measure $\bar{R}$ about 3.7 to 4.7 times better than $\bar{A}$.
description: 4 pages, typos corrected, to appear in the proceedings of the IAU Symposium 306 "Statistical Challenges in 21st Century Cosmology", May 25-29, 2014, Lisbon, Portugal
Large Room Temperature Bulk DNP of $^{13}$C via P1 Centers in Diamond
Creators: name: Shimon, Daphna
name: Cantwell, Kelly A.
name: Joseph, Linta
name: Williams, Ethan Q.
name: Peng, Zaili
name: Takahashi, Susumu
name: Ramanathan, Chandrasekhar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use microwave-induced dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) of the substitutional nitrogen defects (P1 centers) in diamond to hyperpolarize bulk $^{13}$C nuclei in both single crystal and powder samples at room temperature at 3.34 T. The large ($>100$-fold) enhancements demonstrated correspond to a greater than 10,000 fold improvement in terms of signal averaging of the 1\% abundant $^{13}$C spins. The DNP was performed using low-power solid state sources under static (non-spinning) conditions. The DNP spectrum (DNP enhancement as a function of microwave frequency) of diamond powder shows features that broadly correlate with the EPR spectrum. A well-defined negative Overhauser peak and two solid effect peaks are observed for the central ($m_I=0$) manifold of the $^{14}$N spins. Previous low temperature measurements in diamond had measured a positive Overhauser enhancement in this manifold. Frequency-chirped millimeter-wave excitation of the electron spins is seen to significantly improve the enhancements for the two outer nuclear spin manifolds ($m_I = \pm 1$) and to blur some of the sharper features associated with the central manifolds. The outer lines are best fit using a combination of the cross effect and a truncated cross effect -- which is known to mimic features of an Overhauser effect. Similar features are also observed in experiments on single crystal samples. The observation of all of these mechanisms in a single material system under the same experimental conditions is likely due to the significant heterogeneity of the high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) type Ib diamond samples used. Large room temperature DNP enhancements at fields above a few Tesla enable spectroscopic studies with better chemical shift resolution under ambient conditions.
Integrated approaches to testing and assessment for grouping nanomaterials following dermal exposure
Creators: name: Di Cristo, Luisana
name: Janer, Gemma
name: Dekkers, Susan
name: Boyles, Matthew
name: Giusti, Anna
name: Keller, Johannes G.
name: Wohlleben, Wendel
name: Braakhuis, Hedwig
name: Ma-Hock, Lan
name: Oomen, Agnes G.
name: Haase, Andrea
name: Stone, Vicki
name: Murphy, Fiona
name: Johnston, Helinor J.
name: Sabella, Stefania
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Exposure to different nanoforms (NFs) via the dermal route is expected in occupational and consumer settings and thus it is important to assess their dermal toxicity and the contribution of dermal exposure to systemic bioavailability. We have formulated four grouping hypotheses for dermal toxicity endpoints which allow NFs to be grouped to streamline and facilitate risk assessment. The grouping hypotheses are developed based on insight into how physicochemical properties of NFs (i.e. composition, dissolution kinetics, size, and flexibility) influence their fate and hazard following dermal exposure. Each hypothesis is accompanied by a tailored Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment (IATA) that is structured as a decision tree and tiered testing strategies (TTS) for each relevant question (at decision nodes) that indicate what information is needed to guide the user to accept or reject the grouping hypothesis. To develop these hypotheses and IATAs, we gathered and analyzed existing information on skin irritation, skin sensitization, and dermal penetration of NFs from the published literature and performed experimental work to generate data on NF dissolution in sweat simulant fluids. We investigated the dissolution of zinc oxide and silicon dioxide NFs in different artificial sweat fluids, demonstrating the importance of using physiologically relevant conditions for dermal exposure. All existing and generated data informed the formulation of the grouping hypotheses, the IATAs, and the design of the TTS. It is expected that the presented IATAs will accelerate the NF risk assessment for dermal toxicity via the application of read-across.
Métodos potenciométricos y conductimétricos de bajo costo: una revisión
Creators: name: Vilasó-Cadre, Javier E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Electroanalytical chemistry

description: La potenciometría y la conductimetría son los métodos electroanalíticos más comunes en los laboratorios. Una de las ventajas de los métodos electroquímicos es la posibilidad de construir instrumentación no comercial de bajo costo, ya que la interacción física y la respuesta fisicoquímica del sistema son de naturaleza eléctrica. La instrumentación no comercial de bajo costo permite el acceso a los métodos tanto para la investigación como para la enseñanza; además, facilita la adecuación para diseños experimentales o procesos con requerimientos específicos tales como el monitoreo en tiempo real. Varios autores han trabajado en el desarrollo de instrumentación potenciométrica y conductimétrica de bajo costo, implementando sistemas que contemplan desde los electrodos hasta el instrumento de medición. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión sobre los métodos potenciométricos y conductimétricos no comerciales de bajo costo, partiendo de instrumentación muy sencilla hasta circuitos electrónicos más avanzados. Los trabajos que se discuten demuestran que es posible la construcción de instrumentación potenciométrica y conductimétrica con resultados analíticos dentro de los requerimientos establecidos para el análisis químico.
Maass-Jacobi Poincaré series and Mathieu Moonshine
Creators: name: Bringmann, Kathrin
name: Duncan, John
name: Rolen, Larry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F20, 11F22, 11F37, 11F50, 20C34, 20C35

description: Mathieu moonshine attaches a weak Jacobi form of weight zero and index one to each conjugacy class of the largest sporadic simple group of Mathieu. We introduce a modification of this assignment, whereby weak Jacobi forms are replaced by semi-holomorphic Maass-Jacobi forms of weight one and index two. We prove the convergence of some Maass-Jacobi Poincaré series of weight one, and then use these to characterize the semi-holomorphic Maass-Jacobi forms arising from the largest Mathieu group.
description: 27 pages, minor corrections
Transgenic zebrafish larvae as a non-rodent alternative model to assess pro-inflammatory (neutrophil) responses to nanomaterials
Creators: name: Gillies, Suzanne
name: Verdon, Rachel
name: Stone, Vicki
name: Brown, David M.
name: Henry, Theodore
name: Tran, Lang
name: Tucker, Carl
name: Rossi, Adriano G.
name: Tyler, Charles R.
name: Johnston, Helinor J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Hazard studies for nanomaterials (NMs) commonly assess whether they activate an inflammatory response. Such assessments often rely on rodents, but alternative models are needed to support the implementation of the 3Rs principles. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) offer a viable alternative for screening NM toxicity by investigating inflammatory responses. Here, we used non-protected life stages of transgenic zebrafish (Tg(mpx:GFP)i114) with fluorescently-labeled neutrophils to assess inflammatory responses to silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) NMs using two approaches. Zebrafish were exposed to NMs via water following a tail fin injury, or NMs were microinjected into the otic vesicle. Zebrafish were exposed to NMs at 3 days post-fertilization (dpf) and neutrophil accumulation at the injury or injection site was quantified at 0, 4, 6, 8, 24, and 48 h post-exposure. Zebrafish larvae were also exposed to fMLF, LTB4, CXCL-8, C5a, and LPS to identify a suitable positive control for inflammation induction. Aqueous exposure to Ag and ZnO NMs stimulated an enhanced and sustained neutrophilic inflammatory response in injured zebrafish larvae, with a greater response observed for Ag NMs. Following microinjection, Ag NMs stimulated a time-dependent neutrophil accumulation in the otic vesicle which peaked at 48 h. LTB4 was identified as a positive control for studies investigating inflammatory responses in injured zebrafish following aqueous exposure, and CXCL-8 for microinjection studies that assess responses in the otic vesicle. Our findings support the use of transgenic zebrafish to rapidly screen the pro-inflammatory effects of NMs, with potential for wider application in assessing chemical safety (e.g. pharmaceuticals).
Star forming and gas rich brightest cluster galaxies at $z\sim0.4$ in the Kilo-Degree Survey
Creators: name: Castignani, G.
name: Radovich, M.
name: Combes, F.
name: Salomé, P.
name: Maturi, M.
name: Moscardini, L.
name: Bardelli, S.
name: Giocoli, C.
name: Lesci, G.
name: Marulli, F.
name: Puddu, E.
name: Sereno, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs) are typically massive ellipticals at the centers of clusters. They are believed to experience strong environmental processing, and their mass assembly and star formation history are still debated. We have selected three star forming BCGs in the equatorial field of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) at intermediate redshifts. We have observed them with the IRAM-30m telescope in the first three CO transitions. We remarkably detected all BCGs at high signal-to-noise ratio ${\rm S/N}\simeq(3.8-10.2)$, for a total of 7 detected lines out of 8, corresponding to a success rate of $88\%$. This allows us to double the number of distant BCGs with clear detections in at least two CO lines. We have then combined our observations with available stellar, star formation, and dust properties of the BCGs, and we have compared them with a sample of $\sim100$ distant cluster galaxies with observations in CO. Our analysis yields large molecular gas reservoirs $M_{H_2}\simeq(0.5-1.4)\times10^{11}~M_\odot$, excitation ratios $r_{31}= L^{\prime}_{\rm CO(3\rightarrow2)}/L^{\prime}_{\rm CO(1\rightarrow0)}\simeq(0.1-0.3)$, long depletion times $τ_{\rm dep}\simeq(2-4)$~Gyr, and high $M_{H_2}/M_{\rm dust}\simeq(170-300)$. The excitation ratio $r_{31}$ of intermediate-$z$ BCGs appears to be well correlated with the star formation rate and efficiency, which suggests that excited gas is found only in highly star forming and cool-core BCGs. By performing color-magnitude plots and a red sequence modeling we find that recent bursts of star formation are needed to explain the fact that the BCGs are measurably bluer than photometrically selected cluster members. We suggest that a substantial amount of the molecular gas has been accreted by the KiDS BCGs, but still not efficiently converted into stars.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, version after the proof corrections, A&A in press
The geomorphology of the Makran Trench in the context of the geological and geophysical settings of the Arabian Sea
Creators: name: Lemenkova, Polina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90901 Cartography
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geophysics
subject: Environmental Science
subject: Solid Earth Sciences

description: The study focuses on the Makran Trench in the Arabian Sea basin, in the north Indian Ocean. The area is tectonically active, with a system of ridges and fracture zones morphologically separating the Arabian Sea. The study examined the relationships between the topographic structure of the Makran Trench and the regional settings of the Arabian Sea: geomorphology, sediment thickness, geophysical fields, geology and tectonic lineaments. The methodology is based on the GMT scripting toolset. The spatial analysis includes high-resolution datasets GEBCO, EGM2008, GlobSed and data on tectonics, geology, geophysics, sediment thickness and topographic terrain model visualized by GMT. The paper also defined a way in which the proprietary ESRI data format can be transformed into the freely available GMT geospatial data of the geoid EGM2008 model. The geomorphological modeling included the automatic digitization of 300-km width cross-section profiles of the trench demonstrating its submarine relief. The analysis showed a correlation between the geological and tectonic structures, asymmetric geomorphology and geophysical anomaly fields. Gravity data indicate a crustal structure with anomalies generated by the bending of the lithosphere into the Makran subduction zone and density variations in the mantle reflected on the gravity maps. The gravity correlates with lineaments of the geomorphic structures. Bathymetric analysis revealed the most frequent depth (448 samples) at −3,250 to −3,500 m, followed by intervals: −3,000 to −3,250 m, −2,750 to −3,000 m. The declining continental slope correlates with gradually decreasing depths as equally distributed bins: 124 samples (−2,500 to −2,750 m), 96 (−2,250 to −2,500 m), 86 (−2,000 to −2,250 m). The trench is an asymmetric form with a high steepness on the continental slope of Pakistan and low steepness with a flat valley on the oceanward side. The multi-source data integration is important for seafloor mapping and the geomorphological analysis of oceanic trenches hidden to direct observations. The machine learning methods of GMT and cartographic modeling provide possibilities for the effective visualization of the trench. The comparison of the geomorphology with gravity anomalies, tectonic lineation, geological structures and topographical variations provides more detail to studies of the seafloor in the Arabian Sea.
Optical Confirmation and Redshift Estimation of the Planck Cluster Candidates overlapping the Pan-STARRS Survey
Creators: name: Liu, J.
name: Hennig, C.
name: Desai, S.
name: Hoyle, B.
name: Koppenhoefer, J.
name: Mohr, J. J.
name: Paech, K.
name: Burgett, W. S.
name: Chambers, K. C.
name: Cole, S.
name: Draper, P. W.
name: Kaiser, N.
name: Metcalfe, N.
name: Morgan, J. S.
name: Price, P. A.
name: Stubbs, C. W.
name: Tonry, J. L.
name: Wainscoat, R. J.
name: Waters, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results of a study of Planck Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) selected galaxy cluster candidates using the Panoramic Survey Telescope & Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS) imaging data. We first examine 150 Planck confirmed galaxy clusters with spectroscopic redshifts to test our algorithm for identifying optical counterparts and measuring their redshifts; our redshifts have a typical accuracy of $σ_{z/(1+z)} \sim 0.022$ for this sample. Using 60 random sky locations, we estimate that our chance of contamination through a random superposition is ~ 3 per cent. We then examine an additional 237 Planck galaxy cluster candidates that have no redshift in the source catalogue. Of these 237 unconfirmed cluster candidates we are able to confirm 60 galaxy clusters and measure their redshifts. A further 83 candidates are so heavily contaminated by stars due to their location near the Galactic plane that we do not attempt to identify counterparts. For the remaining 94 candidates we find no optical counterpart but use the depth of the Pan-STARRS1 data to estimate a redshift lower limit $z_{\text{lim}(10^{15})}$ beyond which we would not have expected to detect enough galaxies for confirmation. Scaling from the already published Planck sample, we expect that $\sim$12 of these unconfirmed candidates may be real clusters.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Stellar evolution models with overshooting based on 3-equation non-local theories I. Physical basis and the computation of the dissipation rate
Creators: name: Kupka, F.
name: Ahlborn, F.
name: Weiss, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Mixing by convective overshooting has long been suggested to play an important role for the amount of hydrogen available to nuclear burning in convective cores of stars. The best way to model this effect is still debated. Aims. We suggest an improved model for the computation of the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy which can be used in non-local models of stellar convection and can readily be implemented and self-consistently used in 1D stellar evolution calculations. Methods. We review the physics underlying various models to compute the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy, ε, in local and particularly in non-local models of convection in stellar astrophysics. The different contributions to the dissipation rate and their dependence on local stratification and on non-local transport are analysed and a new method to account for at least some of these physical mechanisms is suggested. Results. We show how the new approach influences predictions of stellar models of intermediate-mass main-sequence stars and how these changes differ from other modifications of the non-local convection model that focus on the ratio of horizontal to vertical (turbulent) kinetic energy. Conclusions. The new model is shown to allow for a physically more complete description of convective overshooting and mixing in massive stars. Dissipation by buoyancy waves is found to be a key ingredient which has to be accounted for in non-local models of turbulent convection.
description: author accepted manuscript, 17 pages, 8 figures, to appear in Astronmy & Astrophysics
Stellar evolution models with overshooting based on 3-equation non-local theories, II. Main-sequence models of A- and B-type stars
Creators: name: Ahlborn, Felix
name: Kupka, Friedrich
name: Weiss, Achim
name: Flaskamp, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Convective overshoot mixing is a critical ingredient of stellar structure models, but is treated in most cases by ad hoc extensions of the mixing-length theory for convection. Advanced theories which are both more physical and numerically treatable are needed. Convective flows in stellar interiors are highly turbulent. This poses a number of numerical challenges for the modelling of convection in stellar interiors. We include an effective turbulence model into a 1D stellar evolution code in order to treat non-local effects within the same theory. We use a turbulent convection model which relies on the solution of second order moment equations. We implement this into a state of the art 1D stellar evolution code. To overcome a deficit in the original form of the model, we take the dissipation due to buoyancy waves in the overshooting zone into account. We compute stellar models of intermediate mass main-sequence stars between 1.5 and 8 $M_\odot$. Overshoot mixing from the convective core and modified temperature gradients within and above it emerge naturally as a solution of the turbulent convection model equations. For a given set of model parameters the overshooting extent determined from the turbulent convection model is comparable to other overshooting descriptions, the free parameters of which had been adjusted to match observations. The relative size of the mixed cores decreases with decreasing stellar mass without additional adjustments. We find that the dissipation by buoyancy waves constitutes a necessary and relevant extension of the turbulent convection model in use.
description: 17 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Reliability of Erasure Coded Storage Systems: A Geometric Approach
Creators: name: Campello, Antonio
name: Vaishampayan, Vinay A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.3; B.3.2; G.2.1; E.4

description: We consider the probability of data loss, or equivalently, the reliability function for an erasure coded distributed data storage system under worst case conditions. Data loss in an erasure coded system depends on probability distributions for the disk repair duration and the disk failure duration. In previous works, the data loss probability of such systems has been studied under the assumption of exponentially distributed disk failure and disk repair durations, using well-known analytic methods from the theory of Markov processes. These methods lead to an estimate of the integral of the reliability function. Here, we address the problem of directly calculating the data loss probability for general repair and failure duration distributions. A closed limiting form is developed for the probability of data loss and it is shown that the probability of the event that a repair duration exceeds a failure duration is sufficient for characterizing the data loss probability. For the case of constant repair duration, we develop an expression for the conditional data loss probability given the number of failures experienced by a each node in a given time window. We do so by developing a geometric approach that relies on the computation of volumes of a family of polytopes that are related to the code. An exact calculation is provided and an upper bound on the data loss probability is obtained by posing the problem as a set avoidance problem. Theoretical calculations are compared to simulation results.
description: 28 pages. 8 figures. Presented in part at IEEE International Conference on BigData 2013, Santa Clara, CA, Oct. 2013 and to be presented in part at 2014 IEEE Information Theory Workshop, Tasmania, Australia, Nov. 2014. New analysis added May 2015. Further Update Aug. 2015
The Development of a Taiwanese Poet in the Diaspora: Yang Mu's Prose Peregrinations Abroad
Creators: Lupke, Christopher
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2013

The contemporary Taiwanese author Wang Ching-hsien (penname: Yang Mu) occupies a nearly unique position in modern literature from Taiwan as a native Taiwanese with complex affiliations to modernism, nativism, lyricism, literary scholarship, and prose. He is best known for his poetry but he is a prolific writer of prose essays as well. Most of the scholarship on him in English focuses on his poetry. This essay seeks to examine more carefully several of Yang Mu’s most important essays, and it suggests that such an examination sheds important light on the other facets of Yang Mu’s life, in particular his poetry. The essays also all dwell on various experiences that Yang Mu had in the United States, his adopted second homeland. As an immigrant, Yang Mu is able to reflect on the strangeness and sometimes alienating dimensions of the United States, such as the wide-open spaces and social reserve of Americans in contrast with the crowds and more group-oriented culture he perceived in Taiwan. He also wrote extensively about his experiences as a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley and some of his most important mentors. These experiences helped shape his literary sensibilities and work ethic and had a dramatic impact on the kind of writer Yang Mu came to be. The one consistent point running through his essays is the author’s sense of inclusivity and tolerance. Above all, Yang Mu is an eclectic poet and scholar of comparative literature, and a culturally hybrid intellectual.
Supersymmetry and Cotangent Bundle over Non-compact Exceptional Hermitian Symmetric Space
Creators: name: Arai, Masato
name: Baba, Kurando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct N=2 supersymmetric nonlinear sigma models on the cotangent bundles over the non-compact exceptional Hermitian symmetric spaces M=E_{6(-14)}/SO(10)xU(1) and E_{7(-25)}/E_6xU(1). In order to construct them we use the projective superspace formalism which is an N=2 off-shell superfield formulation in four-dimensional space-time. This formalism allows us to obtain the explicit expression of N=2 supersymmetric nonlinear sigma models on the cotangent bundles over any Hermitian symmetric spaces in terms of the N=1 superfields, once the Kahler potentials of the base manifolds are obtained. We derive the N=1 supersymmetric nonlinear sigma models on the Kahler manifolds M. Then we extend them into the N=2 supersymmetric models with the use of the result in arXiv:1211.1537 developed in the projective superspace formalism. The resultant models are the N=2 supersymmetric nonlinear sigma models on the cotangent bundles over the Hermitian symmetric spaces M. In this work we complete constructing the cotangent bundles over all the compact and non-compact Hermitian symmetric spaces.
description: 37 pages, 1 table, V2:introduction modified, reference added, V3:title and abstract changed, 1 figure added, derivation of (co)tangent bundle over E_{7(-25)}/E_6xU(1) added, reference added, sections and appendices rearranged according to the mentioned changes, V4: typos corrected, V5: typos corrected, version to appear in JHEP
Dynamical disruption timescales and chaotic behavior of hierarchical triple systems
Creators: name: Hayashi, Toshinori
name: Trani, Alessandro A.
name: Suto, Yasushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We examine the stability of hierarchical triple systems using direct $N$-body simulations without adopting a secular perturbation approximation. We estimate their disruption timescales in addition to the mere stable/unstable criterion, with particular attention to the mutual inclination between the inner and outer orbits. First, we improve the fit to the dynamical stability criterion by \citet{Mardling1999,Mardling2001} widely adopted in the previous literature. Especially, we find that that the stability boundary is very sensitive to the mutual inclination; coplanar retrograde triples and orthogonal triples are much more stable and unstable, respectively, than coplanar prograde triples. Next, we estimate the disruption timescales of triples satisfying the stability condition up to $10^9$ times the inner orbital period. The timescales follow the scaling predicted by \citet{Mushkin2020}, especially at high $e_\mathrm{out}$ where their random walk model is most valid. We obtain an improved empirical fit to the disruption timescales, which indicates that the coplanar retrograde triples are significantly more stable than the previous prediction. We furthermore find that the dependence on the mutual inclination can be explained by the energy transfer model based on a parabolic encounter approximation. We also show that the disruption timescales of triples are highly sensitive to the tiny change of the initial parameters, reflecting the genuine chaotic nature of the dynamics of those systems.
description: 33 pages, 19 figures, 1 table, ApJ, in press. Comments welcome
Effective field theories on solitons of generic shapes
Creators: name: Gudnason, Sven Bjarke
name: Nitta, Muneto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A class of effective field theories for moduli or collective coordinates on solitons of generic shapes is constructed. As an illustration, we consider effective field theories living on solitons in the O(4) non-linear sigma model with higher-derivative terms.
description: LaTeX: 6 pages, 1 figure; V2: published version, added discussion of higher-order corrections
Entanglement area law from specific heat capacity
Creators: name: Brandao, Fernando G. S. L.
name: Cramer, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the scaling of entanglement in low-energy states of quantum many-body models on lattices of arbitrary dimensions. We allow for unbounded Hamiltonians such that systems with bosonic degrees of freedom are included. We show that if at low enough temperatures the specific heat capacity of the model decays exponentially with inverse temperature, the entanglement in every low-energy state satisfies an area law (with a logarithmic correction). This behaviour of the heat capacity is typically observed in gapped systems. Assuming merely that the low-temperature specific heat decays polynomially with temperature, we find a subvolume scaling of entanglement. Our results give experimentally verifiable conditions for area laws, show that they are a generic property of low-energy states of matter, and, to the best of our knowledge, constitute the first proof of an area law for unbounded Hamiltonians beyond those that are integrable.
description: v3 now featuring bosonic systems