cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cosmology with massive neutrinos I: towards a realistic modeling of the relation between matter, haloes and galaxies
Creators: name: Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco
name: Marulli, Federico
name: Viel, Matteo
name: Branchini, Enzo
name: Castorina, Emanuele
name: Sefusatti, Emiliano
name: Saito, Shun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using a suite of large box-size N-body simulations that incorporate massive neutrinos as an extra set of particles, we investigate the impact of neutrino masses on the spatial distribution of dark matter haloes and galaxies. We compute the bias between the spatial distribution of dark matter haloes and the overall matter and cold dark matter distributions using statistical tools such as the power spectrum and the two-point correlation function. Overall we find a scale-dependent bias on large scales for the cosmologies with massive neutrinos. However, our results indicate that the scale-dependence in the bias is reduced if the latter is computed with respect to the cold dark matter distribution only. We find that the value of the bias on large scales is reasonably well reproduced by the Tinker fitting formula once the linear cold dark matter power spectrum is used, instead of the total matter power spectrum. We investigate whether scale-dependent bias really comes from purely neutrino's effect or from nonlinear gravitational collapse of haloes. For this purpose, we address the $Ω_ν$-$σ_8$ degeneracy and find that such degeneracy is not perfect, implying that neutrinos imprint a slight scale dependence on the large-scale bias. Finally, by using a simple halo occupation distribution (HOD) model, we investigate the impact of massive neutrinos on the distribution of galaxies within dark matter haloes. We use the main galaxy sample in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey II Data Release 7 to investigate if the small-scale galaxy clustering alone can be used to discriminate among different cosmological models with different neutrino masses. Our results suggest that different choices of the HOD parameters can reproduce the observational measurements relatively well, and we quantify the difference between the values of the HOD parameters between massless and massive neutrino cosmologies.
description: 35 pages, 15 figures
Curvature-mediated Programming of Liquid Crystal Microflows
Creators: name: Fedorowicz, Kamil
name: Prosser, Robert
name: Sengupta, Anupam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using experiments and numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the curvature of microscale conduits allow programming of liquid crystal (LC) flows. Focusing on a nematic LC flowing through U- and L-shaped channels of rectangular cross-section, our results reveal that curved flow paths can trigger gradients of flow-induced director field in the transverse direction. The emergent director field feeds back into the flow field, ultimately leading to LC flows controlled by the channel curvature. This curvature-mediated flow control, identified by polarizing optical microscopy and supported by the nematofluidic solutions, offers novel concepts in LC-based microfluidic valves and throttles, wherein the throughput distribution is determined by the Ericksen number and the variations in the local curvature. Finally, this work highlights the role of deformation history on flow-induced director alignments, when the viscous and elastic effects comparable in strength.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Hot spot runaway in thin film photovoltaics and related structures
Creators: name: Karpov, V. G.
name: Vasko, A.
name: Vijh, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that thin film diode structures, such as photovoltaics and light emitting arrays, can undergo zero threshold localized thermal runaway leading to thermal and electrical nonuniformities spontaneously emerging in originally uniform systems. The linear stability analysis is developed for a system of thermally and electrically coupled two discrete diodes, and for a distributed system. These results are verified with numerical modeling that is not limited to small fluctuations. The discovered instability negatively affects the device performance and reliability. It follows that these problems can be mitigated by properly designing the device geometry and thermal insulation.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Diamond as a solid state quantum computer with a linear chain of nuclear spins system
Creators: name: López, G. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By removing a $^{12}C$ atom from the tetrahedral configuration of the diamond, replace it by a $^{13}C$ atom, and repeating this in a linear direction, it is possible to have a linear chain of nuclear spins one half and to build a solid state quantum computer. One qubit rotation and controlled-not (CNOT) quantum gates are obtained immediately from this configuration, and CNOT quantum gate is used to determined the design parameters of this quantum computer.
description: 4 figures,13 pages
Quantum noise and its evasion in feedback oscillators
Creators: name: Loughlin, Hudson A.
name: Sudhir, Vivishek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an abstract model of an oscillator realized by an amplifier embedded in a positive feedback loop. The power and frequency stability of the output of such an oscillator are limited by quantum noise added by two elements in the loop: the amplifier, and the out-coupler. The resulting frequency instability gives the Schawlow-Townes formula. Thus the applicability of the Schawlow-Townes formula is extended to a large class of oscillators, and is shown to be related to the Haus-Caves quantum noise limit for a linear amplifier, while identifying the role of quantum noise added at the out-coupler. By illuminating the precise origin of amplitude and frequency quantum noise in the output of an oscillator, we reveal several techniques to systematically evade them.
High altitude semi-arid region atmospheric water harvesting in South Africa
Creators: name: NTWAMPE, KARABO
name: Mkabane, Palesa
name: Mahomet, Njoya
name: Waanders, Frans
name: Alili, Ali Al
Publisher: name: North-West University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Environmental engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Article on atmospheric water harvesting in South Africa, Ga-Rankuwa
Reconstructing Past Solar Activity using Meridian Solar Observations: the Case of the Royal Observatory of the Spanish Navy (1833-1840)
Creators: name: Vaquero, J. M.
name: Gallego, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar meridian observations have been used to evaluate the solar activity of the past. Some important examples are the solar meridian observations made at the Basilica of San Petronio in Bologna by several astronomers and the observations made by Hevelius published in his book Machina Coelestis. However, we do not know whether these observations, which were not aimed to estimate the solar activity, are reliable for evaluating solar activity. In this paper, we present the marginal notes about sunspots that are included in the manuscripts of the meridian solar observations made at the Royal Observatory of the Spanish Navy during the period 1833-1840. We compare these observations with other solar activity indices such as sunspot area and number. Our conclusion is that solar meridian observations should be used with extreme caution to evaluate past solar activity.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Advances in Space Research
Laser-Doping of Crystalline Silicon Substrates using Doped Silicon Nanoparticles
Creators: name: Meseth, Martin
name: Lamine, Kais
name: Dehnen, Martin
name: Kayser, Sven
name: Brock, Wolfgang
name: Behrenberg, Dennis
name: Orthner, Hans
name: Elsukova, Anna
name: Hartmann, Nils
name: Wiggers, Hartmut
name: Hülser, Tim
name: Nienhaus, Hermann
name: Benson, Niels
name: Schmechel, Roland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Crystalline Si substrates are doped by laser annealing of solution processed Si. For this experiment, dispersions of highly B-doped Si nanoparticles (NPs) are deposited onto intrinsic Si and laser processed using an 807.5nm cw-laser. During laser processing the particles as well as a surface-near substrate layer are melted to subsequently crystallize in the same orientation as the substrate. The doping profile is investigated by secondary ion mass spectroscopy revealing a constant B concentration of 2x10^18 cm^-3 throughout the entire analyzed depth of 5μm. Four-point probe measurements demonstrate that the effective conductivity of the doped sample is increased by almost two orders of magnitude. The absolute doping depth is estimated to be in between 8μm and 100μm. Further, a pn-diode is created by laser doping an n-type c-Si substrate using the Si NPs.
description: 12 pages 6 figures
Online Ridesharing with Meeting Points [Technical Report]
Creators: name: Wang, Jiachuan
name: Cheng, Peng
name: Zheng, Libin
name: Chen, Lei
name: Zhang, Wenjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Nowadays, ridesharing becomes a popular commuting mode. Dynamically arriving riders post their origins and destinations, then the platform assigns drivers to serve them. In ridesharing, different groups of riders can be served by one driver if their trips can share common routes. Recently, many ridesharing companies (e.g., Didi and Uber) further propose a new mode, namely "ridesharing with meeting points". Specifically, with a short walking distance but less payment, riders can be picked up and dropped off around their origins and destinations, respectively. In addition, meeting points enables more flexible routing for drivers, which can potentially improve the global profit of the system. In this paper, we first formally define the Meeting-Point-based Online Ridesharing Problem (MORP). We prove that MORP is NP-hard and there is no polynomial-time deterministic algorithm with a constant competitive ratio for it. We notice that a structure of vertex set, $k$-skip cover, fits well to the MORP. $k$-skip cover tends to find the vertices (meeting points) that are convenient for riders and drivers to come and go. With meeting points, MORP tends to serve more riders with these convenient vertices. Based on the idea, we introduce a convenience-based meeting point candidates selection algorithm. We further propose a hierarchical meeting-point oriented graph (HMPO graph), which ranks vertices for assignment effectiveness and constructs $k$-skip cover to accelerate the whole assignment process. Finally, we utilize the merits of $k$-skip cover points for ridesharing and propose a novel algorithm, namely SMDB, to solve MORP. Extensive experiments on real and synthetic datasets validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithms.
description: 18 pages, VLDB 2023
Optimal control of strong-field ionization with time-dependent density-functional theory
Creators: name: Hellgren, M.
name: Rasanen, E.
name: Gross, E. K. U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that quantum optimal control theory (OCT) and time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) can be combined to provide realistic femtosecond laser pulses for an enhanced ionization yield in many-electron systems. Using the H$_2$-molecule as a test case, the optimized laser pulse from the numerically exact scheme is compared to pulses obtained from OCT+TDDFT within the TD exact-exchange (TDEXX) and the TD local-density approximation (TDLDA). We find that the TDDFT-pulses produces an ionization yield of up to 50% when applied to the exact system. In comparison, pulses with a single frequency but the same fluence typically reach to yields around 5-15%, unless the frequency is carefully tuned into a Fano-type resonance that leads to $\sim 30%$ yield. On the other hand, optimization within the exact system alone leads to yields higher than 80%, demonstrating that correlation effects beyond the TDEXX and TDLDA can give rise to even more efficient ionization mechanisms.
Global fits of simplified models for dark matter with GAMBIT I. Scalar and fermionic models with s-channel vector mediators
Creators: name: Chang, Christopher
name: Scott, Pat
name: Gonzalo, Tomás E.
name: Kahlhoefer, Felix
name: Kvellestad, Anders
name: White, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simplified models provide a useful way to study the impacts of a small number of new particles on experimental observables and the interplay of those observables, without the need to construct an underlying theory. In this study, we perform global fits of simplified dark matter models with GAMBIT using an up-to-date set of likelihoods for indirect detection, direct detection and collider searches. We investigate models in which a scalar or fermionic dark matter candidate couples to quarks via an s-channel vector mediator. Large parts of parameter space survive for each model. In the case of Dirac or Majorana fermion dark matter, excesses in LHC monojet searches and relic density limits tend to prefer the resonance region, where the dark matter has approximately half the mass of the mediator. A combination of vector and axial-vector couplings to the Dirac candidate also leads to competing constraints from direct detection and unitarity violation.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables, v2: matches EPJC version
HITS: A network to create inquiry-based case studies that make high-throughput approaches and discovery accessible
Creators: name: Goller, Carlos
name: Robertson, Sabrina
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2020

description: HITS brings together interdisciplinary groups of HT researchers and instructors to produce authentic HT case studies that can be implemented in a variety of courses, allowing students to analyze real data and learn valuable quantitative skills.
Astraeus VIII: A new framework for Lyman-$α$ emitters applied to different reionisation scenarios
Creators: name: Hutter, Anne
name: Trebitsch, Maxime
name: Dayal, Pratika
name: Gottlöber, Stefan
name: Yepes, Gustavo
name: Legrand, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the {\sc astraeus} framework to investigate how the visibility and spatial distribution of Lyman-$α$ (Ly$α$) emitters (LAEs) during reionisation is sensitive to a halo mass-dependent fraction of ionising radiation escaping from the galactic environment ($f_\mathrm{esc}$) and the ionisation topology. To this end, we consider the two physically plausible bracketing scenarios of $f_\mathrm{esc}$ increasing and decreasing with rising halo mass. We derive the corresponding observed Ly$α$ luminosities of galaxies for three different analytic Ly$α$ line profiles and associated Ly$α$ escape fraction ($f_\mathrm{esc}^\mathrm{Lyα}$) models: importantly, we introduce two novel analytic Ly$α$ line profile models that describe the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM) as dusty gas clumps. They are based on parameterising results from radiative transfer simulations, with one of them relating $f_\mathrm{esc}^\mathrm{Lyα}$ to $f_\mathrm{esc}$ by assuming the ISM of being interspersed with low-density tunnels. Our key findings are: (i) for dusty gas clumps, the Ly$α$ line profile develops from a central to double peak profile as a galaxy's halo mass increases; (ii) LAEs are galaxies with $M_h\gtrsim10^{10}M_\odot$ located in overdense and highly ionised regions; (iii) for this reason, the spatial distribution of LAEs is primarily sensitive to the global ionisation fraction and only weakly in second-order to the ionisation topology or a halo mass-dependent $f_\mathrm{esc}$; (iv) furthermore, as the observed Ly$α$ luminosity functions reflect the Ly$α$ emission from more massive galaxies, there is a degeneracy between the $f_\mathrm{esc}$-dependent intrinsic Ly$α$ luminosity and the Ly$α$ attenuation by dust in the ISM if $f_\mathrm{esc}$ does not exceed $\sim50\%$.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Third-order exceptional point in an ion-cavity system
Creators: name: Kim, Jinuk
name: Ha, Taegyu
name: Kim, Donggeon
name: Lee, Dowon
name: Lee, Ki-Se
name: Won, Jongcheol
name: Moon, Youngil
name: Lee, Moonjoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a scheme for observing the third-order exceptional point (EP3) in an ion-cavity setting. In the lambda-type level configuration, the ion is driven by a pump field, and the resonator is probed with another weak laser field. We exploit the highly asymmetric branching ratio of an ion's excited state to satisfy the weak-excitation limit, which allows us to construct the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian $(H_{\textrm{nH}})$. Via fitting the cavity-transmission spectrum, the eigenvalues of $H_{\textrm{nH}}$ are obtained. The EP3 appears at a point where the Rabi frequency of the pump laser and the atom-cavity coupling constant balance the loss rates of the system. Feasible experimental parameters are provided.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Off-shell effects in the relativistic mean field model and their role in CC (anti)neutrino scattering at MiniBooNE kinematics
Creators: name: Ivanov, M. V.
name: Gonzalez-Jimenez, R.
name: Caballero, J. A.
name: Barbaro, M. B.
name: Donnelly, T. W.
name: Udias, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relativistic mean field (RMF) model is used to describe nucleons in the nucleus and thereby to evaluate the effects of having dynamically off-shell spinors. Compared with free, on-shell nucleons as employed in some other models, within the RMF nucleons are described by relativistic spinors with strongly enhanced lower components. In this work it is seen that for MiniBooNE kinematics, neutrino charged-current quasielastic cross sections show some sensitivity to these off-shell effects, while for the antineutrino-nucleus case the total cross sections are seen to be essentially independent of the enhancement of the lower components. As was found to be the case when comparing the RMF results with the neutrino-nucleus data, the present impulse approximation predictions within the RMF also fall short of the MiniBooNE antineutrino-nucleus data.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Physics Letters B
WISDOM project -- XIV. SMBH mass in the early-type galaxies NGC0612, NGC1574, and NGC4261 from CO dynamical modelling
Creators: name: Ruffa, Ilaria
name: Davis, Timothy A.
name: Cappellari, Michele
name: Bureau, Martin
name: Elford, Jacob S.
name: Iguchi, Satoru
name: Lelli, Federico
name: Liang, Fu-Heng
name: Liu, Lijie
name: Lu, Anan
name: Sarzi, Marc
name: Williams, Thomas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a CO dynamical estimate of the mass of the super-massive black hole (SMBH) in three nearby early-type galaxies: NGC0612, NGC1574 and NGC4261. Our analysis is based on Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Cycle 3-6 observations of the $^{12}$CO(2-1) emission line with spatial resolutions of $14-58$ pc ($0.01"-0.26"$). We detect disc-like CO distributions on scales from $\lesssim200$ pc (NGC1574 and NGC4261) to $\approx10$ kpc (NGC0612). In NGC0612 and NGC1574 the bulk of the gas is regularly rotating. The data also provide evidence for the presence of a massive dark object at the centre of NGC1574, allowing us to obtain the first measure of its mass, $M_{\rm BH}=(1.0\pm0.2)\times10^{8}$ M$_{\odot}$ (1$σ$ uncertainty). In NGC4261, the CO kinematics is clearly dominated by the SMBH gravitational influence, allowing us to determine an accurate black hole mass of $(1.62{\pm 0.04})\times10^{9}$ M$_{\odot}$ ($1σ$ uncertainty). This is fully consistent with a previous CO dynamical estimate obtained using a different modelling technique. Signs of non-circular gas motions (likely outflow) are also identified in the inner regions of NGC4261. In NGC0612, we are only able to obtain a (conservative) upper limit of $M_{\rm BH}\lesssim3.2\times10^{9}$ M$_{\odot}$. This has likely to be ascribed to the presence of a central CO hole (with a radius much larger than that of the SMBH sphere of influence), combined with the inability of obtaining a robust prediction for the CO velocity curve. The three SMBH mass estimates are overall in agreement with predictions from the $M_{\rm BH}-σ_{\star}$ relation.
description: Main text: 20 pages, 14 Figures; Appendix: 7 pages, 6 Figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS on 2023 March 28
Exploring the electromagnetic properties of the $Ξ_c^{(\prime,\,*)} \bar D_s^*$ and $Ω_c^{(*)} \bar D_s^*$ molecular states
Creators: name: Wang, Fu-Lai
name: Luo, Si-Qiang
name: Zhou, Hong-Yan
name: Liu, Zhan-Wei
name: Liu, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a systematic investigation of the electromagnetic properties of the hidden-charm molecular pentaquarks within the constituent quark model. Specifically, it focuses on two types of pentaquarks: the $Ξ_c^{(\prime,*)} \bar{D}_s^{*}$-type pentaquarks with double strangeness and the $Ω_{c}^{(*)}\bar D_s^{*}$-type pentaquarks with triple strangeness. The study explores various electromagnetic properties, including the magnetic moments, the transition magnetic moments, and the radiative decay behavior of these pentaquarks. To ensure realistic calculations, the $S$-$D$ wave mixing effect and the coupled channel effect are taken into account. By examining the electromagnetic properties of the hidden-charm molecular pentaquarks with double and triple strangeness, this research contributes to the deeper understanding of their spectroscopic behavior. These findings form a valuable addition to the ongoing investigation into the broader spectrum of properties exhibited by the hidden-charm molecular pentaquarks.
description: 17 pages, 10 tables, 1 figure
The Megasecond Chandra XVP Observation of NGC 3115: Witnessing the Flow of Hot Gas within the Bondi Radius
Creators: name: Wong, Ka-Wah
name: Irwin, Jimmy A.
name: Shcherbakov, Roman V.
name: Yukita, Mihoko
name: Million, Evan T.
name: Bregman, Joel N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observational confirmation of hot accretion model predictions has been hindered by the challenge to resolve spatially the Bondi radii of black holes with X-ray telescopes. Here, we use the Megasecond Chandra X-ray Visionary Project (XVP) observation of the NGC~3115 supermassive black hole to place the first direct observational constraints on the spatially and spectroscopically resolved structures of the X-ray emitting gas inside the Bondi radius of a black hole. We measured temperature and density profiles of the hot gas from a fraction out to tens of the Bondi radius (R_B = 2.4-4.8 arcsec = 112-224 pc). The projected temperature jumps significantly from ~0.3 keV beyond 5 arcsec to ~0.7 keV within ~4-5 arcsec, but then abruptly drops back to ~0.3 keV within ~3 arcsec. This is contrary to the expectation that the temperature should rise toward the center for a radiatively inefficient accretion flow. A hotter thermal component of ~1 keV inside 3 arcsec (~150 pc) is revealed using a two component thermal model, with the cooler ~0.3 keV thermal component dominating the spectra. We argue that the softer emission comes from diffuse gas physically located within $\sim 150$~pc from the black hole. The density profile is broadly consistent with rho ~ r^{-1} within the Bondi radius for either the single temperature or the two-temperature model. The X-ray data alone with physical reasoning argue against the absence of a black hole, supporting that we are witnessing the onset of the gravitational influence of the supermassive black hole.
description: 19 pages including 4 appendix pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Black holes and hot shells in the Euclidean path integral approach to quantum gravity
Creators: name: Lemos, José P. S.
name: Zaslavskii, O. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a spherical black hole surrounded by a hot self-gravitating thin shell in the canonical ensemble, i.e., a black hole and a hot shell inside a heat reservoir acting as a boundary with its area and temperature fixed. To work out the quantum partition function, from which the thermodynamics of the system follows, we use the Euclidean path integral approach to quantum gravity that identifies the path integral of the gravitational system with the partition function. In a semiclassical approximation, one needs only to compute the classical action of the system. Then, one finds that the total entropy, i.e., the sum of black hole and matter entropies, is a function of the gravitational radius of the system alone. So, the black hole inside the shell has no direct influence on the entropy. One also finds the free energy, the thermodynamic energy, and the temperature stratification. The reservoir temperature is composed of a free function of the gravitational radius of the system divided by the redshift. Upon specification of the reduced temperature free function, the solutions for the gravitational radii compatible with the data are found. The black hole inside has two possible horizon radii. It is shown that there is a first law of thermodynamics for the system, another for the hot shell, and yet another for the black hole. A thermodynamic stability analysis is performed. By specifying for the free function the Hawking temperature for the gravitational radius of the system, which is not a black hole, one finds a remarkable exact thermodynamic solution. With it one establishes that pure black holes, hot shells with a black hole, pure hot shells, and hot flat spaces are phases that cohabit in the ensemble, with some acting as thermodynamic mimickers. This exact solution is a model to situations involving black holes and hot gravitons. The high temperature limits reveal important aspects.
description: 26 pages, 2 figures
Tracing the cosmic growth of super massive black holes to z ~ 3 with Herschel
Creators: name: Delvecchio, I.
name: Gruppioni, C.
name: Pozzi, F.
name: Berta, S.
name: Zamorani, G.
name: Cimatti, A.
name: Lutz, D.
name: Scott, D.
name: Vignali, C.
name: Cresci, G.
name: Feltre, A.
name: Cooray, A.
name: Vaccari, M.
name: Fritz, J.
name: Floc'h, E. Le
name: Magnelli, B.
name: Popesso, P.
name: Oliver, S.
name: Bock, J.
name: Carollo, M.
name: Contini, T.
name: Févre, O. Le
name: Lilly, S.
name: Mainieri, V.
name: Renzini, A.
name: Scodeggio, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a sample of Herschel-PACS selected galaxies within the GOODS-South and the COSMOS fields in the framework of the PACS Evolutionary Probe (PEP) project. Starting from the rich multi-wavelength photometric data-sets available in both fields, we perform a broad-band Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) decomposition to disentangle the possible active galactic nucleus (AGN) contribution from that related to the host galaxy. We find that 37 per cent of the Herschel-selected sample shows signatures of nuclear activity at the 99 per cent confidence level. The probability to reveal AGN activity increases for bright ($L_{\rm 1-1000} > 10^{11} \rm L_{\odot}$) star-forming galaxies at $z>0.3$, becoming about 80 per cent for the brightest ($L_{\rm 1-1000} > 10^{12} \rm L_{\odot}$) infrared (IR) galaxies at $z \geq 1$. Finally, we reconstruct the AGN bolometric luminosity function and the super-massive black hole growth rate across cosmic time up to $z \sim 3$ from a Far-Infrared (FIR) perspective. This work shows general agreement with most of the panchromatic estimates from the literature, with the global black hole growth peaking at $z \sim 2$ and reproducing the observed local black hole mass density with consistent values of the radiative efficiency $ε_{\rm rad}$ ($\sim$0.07).
description: 20 pages, 14 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Instabilities near the QCD phase transition in the holographic models
Creators: name: Gursoy, Umut
name: Lin, Shu
name: Shuryak, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper discusses phenomena close to the critical QCD temperature, using the holographic model. One issue studied is the overcooled high-T phase, in which we calculate quasi normal sound modes. We do not find instabilities associated with other first order phase transitions, but nevertheless observe drastic changes in sound propagation/dissipation. The rest of the paper considers a cluster of the high-T phase in the UV in coexistence with the low-T phase, in a simplified ansatz in which the wall separating them is positioned only in the holographic coordinate. This allows to find the force on the wall and classical motion of the cluster. When classical motion is forbidden, we evaluate tunneling probability through the remaining barrier.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Perturbing the perturbed: Stability of quasinormal modes in presence of a positive cosmological constant
Creators: name: Sarkar, Subhodeep
name: Rahman, Mostafizur
name: Chakraborty, Sumanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we wish to address the question -- whether the quasi-normal modes, the characteristic frequencies associated with perturbed black hole spacetimes, central to the stability of these black holes, are themselves stable. Though the differential operator governing the perturbation of black hole spacetimes is self-adjoint, the boundary conditions are dissipative in nature, so that the spectral theorem becomes inapplicable, and there is no guarantee regarding the stability of the quasi-normal modes. We have provided a general method of transforming to the hyperboloidal coordinate system, for both asymptotically flat and asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes which neatly captures the dissipative boundary conditions, and the differential operator becomes non-self-adjoint. Employing the pseudospectrum analysis and numerically implementing the same through Chebyshev's spectral method, we present how the quasi-normal modes will drift away from their unperturbed values under external perturbation of the scattering potential. Intriguingly, for strong enough perturbation, even the fundamental quasi-normal mode, associated with gravitational perturbations, drifts away from its unperturbed position for asymptotically de Sitter black holes, in stark contrast to the case of asymptotically flat black holes. Besides presenting several other interesting results, specifically for asymptotically de Sitter black holes, we also discuss the implications of the instability of the fundamental quasi-normal mode on the strong cosmic censorship conjecture.
description: v2: 48 pages, 13 figures, minor modifications, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Symmetry Tests in Photo-Pion Production
Creators: name: Bernstein, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Small angle electron scattering with intense electron beams opens up the possibility of performing almost real photon induced reactions with thin, polarized hydrogen and few body targets, allowing for the detection of low energy charged particles.This promises to be much more effective than conventional photon tagging techniques. For photo-pion reactions some fundamental new possibilities include: tests of charge symmetry in the N-N system by measurement of the neutron-neutron scattering length $a_{nn}$ in the $γD \rightarrow π^{+} nn$ reaction; tests of isospin breaking due to the mass difference of the up and down quarks; measurements with polarized targets are sensitive to $π$N phase shifts and will test the validity of the Fermi-Watson (final state interaction) theorem. All of these experiments will test the accuracy and energy region of validity of chiral effective theories.
description: 4 pages, Contributed paper to the Workshop to Explore Physics Opportunities with Intense. Polarized Electron Beams with Energy up to 300 MeV, MIT, March 2013
Muon g-2 and LHC phenomenology in the $L_μ-L_τ$ gauge symmetric model
Creators: name: Harigaya, Keisuke
name: Igari, Takafumi
name: Nojiri, Mihoko M.
name: Takeuchi, Michihisa
name: Tobe, Kazuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we consider phenomenology of a model with an $L_μ-L_τ$ gauge symmetry. Since the muon couples to the $L_μ-L_τ$ gauge boson (called $Z''$ boson), its contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment (muon g-2) can account for the discrepancy between the standard model prediction and the experimental measurements. On the other hand, the $Z''$ boson does not interact with the electron and quarks, and hence there are no strong constraints from collider experiments even if the $Z''$ boson mass is of the order of the electroweak scale. We show an allowed region of a parameter space in the $L_μ-L_τ$ symmetric model, taking into account consistency with the electroweak precision measurements as well as the muon g-2. We study the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) phenomenology, and show that the current and future data would probe the interesting parameter space for this model.
description: 26 pages, 12 figures
Finiteness criteria for Gorenstein flat dimension and stability
Creators: name: Kaperonis, Ilias
name: Stergiopoulou, Dimitra-Dionysia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16E05, 16E10, 18G20

description: Projectively coresolved Gorenstein flat modules were introduced recently by Saroch and Stovicek and were shown to be Gorenstein projective. While the relation between Gorenstein projective and Gorenstein flat modules is not well understood, the class of projectively coresolved Gorenstein flat modules is contained in the class of Gorenstein flat modules. This paper proves necessary and sufficient conditions for a module of finite Gorenstein flat dimension to be projectively coresolved Gorenstein flat, or of finite flat dimension. Stability results for the class of projectively coresolved Gorenstein flat modules are also established.
description: 17 pages
Withdrawal of biologic therapy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis due to remission: predictors of flare and outcomes
Creators: name: Tanatar, Ayşe
name: Akgün, Özlem
name: Çağlayan, Şengül
name: Bağlan, Esra
name: Yener, Gülçin Otar
name: Öztürk, Kübra
name: Çakan, Mustafa
name: Sönmez, Hafize Emine
name: Sözeri, Betül
name: Ayaz, Nuray Aktay
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: To investigate patients who flared after discontinuation of biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic agents (bDMARDs) and identify risk factors associated with flare. A multicenter study evaluating systemic and non-systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA and non-sJIA) patients whose bDMARDs were ceased after remission. A total of 101 patients whose bDMARDs were ceased after remission was evaluated. Children with sJIA had the lowest risk of flare and 11.1% of 36 sJIA patients experienced flare after a median of 9 (4–24) months of bDMARDs cessation with three of them flaring in the first year. High leukocyte counts in sJIA patients were associated with inactive disease at 1-year after the start of treatment (p = 0.004). In the non-sJIA group, 46.1% patients experienced flare after a median of 7 (1–32) months of biologic cessation, and of these, 25 flared in the first year. Antinuclear antibody positivity (p = 0.02), earlier disease onset (p = 0.03), long disease duration (p = 0.01), and follow-up (p = 0.02) and extended time from diagnosis to first biological onset (p = 0.03) were more common among patients with flare. When considering discontinuation of bDMARDs, it should be kept in mind that the risk of exacerbation requiring re-initiation therapy is quite significant within the first year after discontinuation of therapy.
Transverse Single Spin Asymmetries and Charmonium Production
Creators: name: Godbole, Rohini M.
name: Misra, Anuradha
name: Mukherjee, Asmita
name: Rawoot, Vaibhav S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate transverse spin single spin asymmetry(TSSA) in the process $e+p^\uparrow \to J/ψ+X$ using color evaporation model of charmonium production. We take into account transverse momentum dependent(TMD) evolution of Sivers function and parton distribution function and show that the there is a reduction in the asymmetry as compared to our earlier estimates wherein the $Q^2$ - evolution was implemented only through DGLAP evolution of unpolarized gluon densities.
description: Proceedings of Light Cone 2012, New Delhi, India
Dissipative dynamics of a heavy impurity in a Bose gas in the strong coupling regime
Creators: name: Petković, Aleksandra
name: Ristivojevic, Zoran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the motion of a heavy impurity in a one-dimensional Bose gas. The impurity experiences the friction force due to scattering off thermally excited quasiparticles. We present detailed analysis of an arbitrarily strong impurity-boson coupling in a wide range of temperatures within a microscopic theory. Focusing mostly on weakly interacting bosons, we derive an analytical result for the friction force and uncover new regimes of the impurity dynamics. Particularly interesting is the low-temperature $T^2$ dependence of the friction force obtained for a strongly coupled impurity, which should be contrasted with the expected $T^4$ scaling. This new regime applies to systems of bosons with an arbitrary repulsion strength. We finally study the evolution of the impurity with a given initial momentum. We evaluate analytically its non-stationary momentum distribution function. The impurity relaxation towards the equilibrium is a realization of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process in momentum space.
Gravity-improved metastability bounds for the Type-I Seesaw Mechanism
Creators: name: Chauhan, Garv
name: Steingasser, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Right-handed neutrinos (RHN) destabilize the electroweak vacuum by increasing its decay rate. In the SM, the latter is dominated by physics at the RG scale at which $λ$ reaches its minimum, $μ_*^{\text{SM}} \sim 10^{17}$ GeV. For large neutrino Yukawa coupling $Y_ν$, RHNs can push $μ_*$ beyond the Planck scale, implying that gravitational effects need to be taken into account. In this work, we perform the first comprehensive study of electroweak vacuum metastability in the type-I seesaw mechanism including these effects. Our analysis covers both low- and high-scale seesaw models, with two as well as three RHNs and for multiple values of the Higgs' non-minimal coupling to gravity. We find that gravitational effects can significantly stabilize the vacuum, leading to weaker metastability bounds. We show that metastability sets the strongest bounds for low-scale seesaws with $M_N>1$ TeV. For high-scale seesaws, we find upper bounds on the allowed masses for the RHNs, which are relevant for high-scale leptogenesis. We also point out that $\text{Tr}(Y_ν^\dagger Y_ν)$, which is commonly used to express these metastability bounds, cannot be used for all of parameter space. Instead, we argue that bounds can always be expressed reliably through $\text{Tr}(Y_ν^\dagger Y_ν\,Y_ν^\dagger Y_ν)$. Lastly, we use this insight to develop a new technique for an easier RG analysis applicable to scenarios with degenerate RHN masses.
description: 41 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables ; version to appear in JHEP
Four-qubit pure states as fermionic states
Creators: name: Chen, Lin
name: Djokovic, Dragomir Z.
name: Grassl, Markus
name: Zeng, Bei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The embedding of the $n$-qubit space into the $n$-fermion space with $2n$ modes is a widely used method in studying various aspects of these systems. This simple mapping raises a crucial question: does the embedding preserve the entanglement structure? It is known that the answer is affirmative for $n=2$ and $n=3$. That is, under either local unitary (LU) operations or with respect to stochastic local operations and classical communication (SLOCC), there is a one-to-one correspondence between the 2- (or 3)-qubit orbits and the 2- (or 3)-fermion orbits with 4 (or 6) modes. However these results do not generalize as the mapping from the $n$-qubit orbits to the $n$-fermion orbits with $2n$ modes is no longer surjective for $n>3$. Here we consider the case of $n=4$. We show that surprisingly, the orbit mapping from qubits to fermions remains injective under SLOCC, and a similar result holds under LU for generic orbits. As a byproduct, we obtain a complete answer to the problem of SLOCC equivalence of pure 4-qubit states.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Jordan-Wigner fermionization of quantum spin systems on arbitrary 2D lattices: A mutual Chern-Simons approach
Creators: name: Das, Jagannath
name: Kumar, Aman
name: Maity, Avijit
name: Tripathi, Vikram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A variety of analytical approaches have been developed for the study of quantum spin systems in two dimensions, the notable ones being spin-waves, slave boson/fermion parton constructions, and for lattices with one-to-one local correspondence of faces and vertices, the 2D Jordan-Wigner (JW) fermionization. Field-theoretically, JW fermionization is implemented through Chern-Simons (CS) flux attachment. For a correct fermionization of lattice quantum spin-$1/2$ magnets, it is necessary that the fermions obey mutual bosonic (anyonic) statistics under exchange - this is not possible to implement on arbitrary 2D lattices if fermionic matter couples only to the lattice gauge fields. Enlarging the gauge degrees of freedom to include the dual lattice allows the construction of consistent mutual Chern-Simons field theories. Here we propose a mutual CS theory where the microscopic (spin) degrees of freedom are represented as lattice fermionic matter additionally coupled to specific combinations of dual lattice gauge fields that depend on the local geometry. We illustrate the use of this method for understanding the properties of a honeycomb Kitaev model subjected to a strong Zeeman field in the $z$-direction. Our CS gauge theory framework provides an understanding why the topological phase is degraded at lower (higher) critical fields for the ferro- (antiferro-) magnetic Kitaev interaction. Additionally, we observe an effectively one-dimensional character of the low-excitations at higher fields in the $z$-direction which we also confirm by spin-wave calculations.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Jitter analysis of a superconducting nanowire single photon detector
Creators: name: You, Lixing
name: Yang, Xiaoyan
name: He, Yuhao
name: Zhang, Wenxing
name: Liu, Dengkuan
name: Zhang, Weijun
name: Zhang, Lu
name: Zhang, Ling
name: Liu, Xiaoyu
name: Chen, Sijing
name: Wang, Zhen
name: Xie, Xiaoming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Jitter is one of the key parameters for a superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD). Using an optimized time-correlated single photon counting system for jitter measurement, we extensively studied the dependence of system jitter on the bias current and working temperature. The signal-to-noise ratio of the single-photon-response pulse was proven to be an important factor in system jitter. The final system jitter was reduced to 18 ps by using a high-critical-current SNSPD, which showed an intrinsic SNSPD jitter of 15 ps. A laser ranging experiment using a 15-ps SNSPD achieved a record depth resolution of 3 mm at a wavelength of 1550 nm.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Self-organized Voids Revisited: Experimental Verification of the Formation Mechanism*
Creators: name: Song, Juan
name: Ye, Junyi
name: Qian, Mengdi
name: Luo, Fangfang
name: Li, Xian
name: Bian, Huadong
name: Dai, Ye
name: Ma, Guo-hong
name: Chen, Qingxi
name: Jiang, Yan
name: Zhao, Quanzhong
name: Qiu, Jianrong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, several experiments were conducted to further clarify the formation mechanism of self organized void array induced by a single laser beam, including energy-related experiments, refractive-index-contrast-related experiments, depth-related experiments and effective-numerical-aperture experiment. These experiments indicate that the interface spherical aberration is indeed responsible for the formation of void arrays.