cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 9: of Genes related to mitochondrial functions are differentially expressed in phosphine-resistant and -susceptible Tribolium castaneum
Creators: name: Oppert, Brenda
name: Guedes, Raul
name: Aikins, Michael
name: Perkin, Lindsey
name: Zhaorigetu Chen
name: Phillips, Thomas
name: Zhu, Kun
name: Opit, George
name: Hoon, Kelly
name: Yongming Sun
name: Meredith, Gavin
name: Bramlett, Kelli
name: Hernandez, Natalie
name: Sanderson, Brian
name: Taylor, Madison
name: Dhingra, Dalia
name: Blakey, Brandon
name: MarcĂŠ Lorenzen
name: Folukemi Adedipe
name: Arthur, Frank
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: ArrayStar statistics on alignment of reads to Tcas3 (Total Reference bases - 32,060,158; Total Reference sequences - 18,428; Total Genome bases - 160,464,614). Parameters: mer length = 5; mer repeat threshold = fixed, 150; read assignment qualification - match 80Â % of read or 20 bases. (PDF 60 kb)
title: Application of the Good Lives Model to Street Gang Members
Creators: name: Mallion, Jaimee Sheila
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: Despite being recognized as a global public health emergency, there is a lack of evidence-base supporting the effectiveness of street gang interventions. In particular, street gang interventions suffer from a lack of theoretical foundation, unclear goals/objectives, and have a negative, risk-based focus. This thesis proposes that the Good Lives Model (GLM), a strengths-based framework for offender rehabilitation, can provide an innovative approach to street gang intervention. Utilizing approach-goals, the GLM assumes that improving an individual's internal skills and external opportunities will reduce the need to belong to a street gang. Prior to implementing GLM-consistent interventions with street gang members, it was essential to first establish whether the etiological assumptions of the GLM are upheld in this population. To examine this, qualitative interviews were conducted with 30 incarcerated, adult male offenders (17 street gang, 13 non-gang). Findings support all of the etiological assumptions of the GLM: street gang participants aimed to achieve each of the 11 primary goods (i.e., universal human needs). Furthermore, as suggested in the GLM, street gang participants experienced four obstacles (i.e., problems in capacity, coherence, scope and means), which prevented attainment of primary goods through prosocial means. Critically, street gang participants were more likely to experience a multitude of internal (e.g., emotion regulation difficulties, perfectionism, and poor coping skills) and external obstacles (e.g., poor social support, and exposure to violence) across all five risk domains (individual, peer, school, family and community), than their non-gang offending counterparts. Overall, the research described in this thesis suggests that the etiological assumptions of the GLM can be upheld in a street gang population; supporting the implementation of GLM-consistent interventions with street gang members.
Microscopics of meson degrees of freedom in nucleons and mesons in nuclei - what can be seen in the process of quasielastic knockout of mesons by high-energy electrons
Creators: name: Neudatchin, V. G.
name: Obukhovsky, I. T.
name: Sviridova, L. L.
name: Yudin, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Developed earlier concept of quasielastic knock out of pions from nucleons by high-energy electrons is propounded as a tool for checking microscopical model ($^3P_0$ - fluctuation) for decay of N to different channels $π+B$ and Preparata model of nucleus structure.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, Talk given at 16 Baldin Symposium in June 2002
The global variation of medical student engagement in teaching: Implications for medical electives
Creators: name: Wenlock, Rhys D.
name: Bath, Michael F.
name: Bashford, Tom
name: Kohler, Katharina
name: Hutchinson, Peter J.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Social sciences
subject: FOS: Social sciences
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: People and places
subject: Research and analysis methods
subject: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Introduction: International medical electives, whereby undergraduates visit an institution in a country other than their own, are a common part of medical training. Visiting students are often asked to provide local teaching, which may be acceptable where the visitor is acting within the bounds of their own competency and the normal practices of both their home and host institutions. However, the extent to which teaching is an accepted student activity globally has not previously been described. This study aims to address this using an international survey approach. Methods: A voluntary electronic survey, created using the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES) framework, was distributed across established international medical student networks. This assessed the involvement of medical students in teaching and the educator training they receive, with the intention of comparing experiences between high-income countries (HICs) and low/middle-income countries (LMICs) to gauge the engagement of both “host” and “visiting” students. Results: 443 students from 61 countries completed the survey, with an equal proportion of respondents from LMICs (49.4%, 219/443) and HICs (50.6%, 224/443). Around two thirds of students reported providing teaching whilst at medical school, with most reporting teaching numerous times a year, mainly to more junior medical students. There was with no significant difference between LMICs and HICs. Around 30 per cent of all medical students reported having received no teacher training, including 40 per cent of those already providing teaching. Conclusion: This study suggests that students are engaged in teaching globally, with no difference between HIC and LMIC contexts. However, students are underprepared to act as educators in both settings. Providing teaching as part of an elective experience may be ethically acceptable to both host and home institutions, but needs to be supported by formal training in delivering teaching.
Durgades breviceps
Creators: name: C. A. Viraktamath
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Durgades
Durgades breviceps

description: Durgades breviceps (Matsumura)
 Agallia breviceps Matsumura 1912: 317. HOLOTYPE ♀, TAIWAN [EIHU, examined].
 Durgades breviceps (Matsumura): Viraktamath 1973: 309, fig. 3.
This species is based on a single female type and the male remains unknown. Matsumura has given a good color description of this species.The posterior margin of the female seventh sternite is medially excavated.
 Material examined. TAIWAN: HOLOTYPE ♀, Arisan, 20.iv.1907, Matsumrua (EIHU).
description: Published as part of C. A. Viraktamath, 2011, Revision of the Oriental and Australian Agalliini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae) 2844, pp. 1-118 in Zootaxa 2844 on page 42
Envelope Ejection: an Alternative Process for some Early Case B Binaries
Creators: name: Eggleton, Peter P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the evolution of binaries with moderately high masses (about 10 - 30 solar masses), and with periods of about 3 - 300d, corresponding mostly to early Case B. These are usually thought to evolve either by reasonably conservative Roche-lobe overflow, if the initial mass ratio is fairly mild, or else by highly non-conservative common-envelope evolution, with spiral-in to short periods (hours, typically), if the initial mass ratio is rather extreme. We discuss here a handful of binaries from part of this period range (about 50 - 250d), which appear to have followed a different path: we argue that they must have lost a large proportion of initial mass (about 70 - 80%), but without shortening their periods at all. We suggest that their behaviour may be due to the fact that stars of such masses, when evolved also to rather large radii, are not far from the Humphreys-Davidson limit where single stars lose their envelopes spontaneously in P Cygni winds, and so have envelopes which are only lightly bound to the core. These envelopes therefore may be relatively easily dissipated by the perturbing effect of a companion. In addition, some or all of the stars considered here may have been close to the Cepheid instability strip when they filled their Roche lobes. One or other, or both, of high luminosity and Cepheid instability, in combination with an appropriately close binary companion, may be implicated.
INSTITUTIONAL CREDIT FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT: AN OVERVIEW OF THE BANGLADESH CASE
Creators: name: Hosssan, Mahabub
name: Hosssan, Mahabub
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: Growth of institutional credit disbursement and its relation with growth in fertilizer use shows significant positive relationship but credit disbursement shows poor relationship with growth in crop output. The reason for this poor relation are access of a small proportion of large and medium farmers to credit institutions, inadequate and untimely disbursement owing to complicated loan sanctioning procedure, and overlapping of credit institutional operation. Compared to agricultural credit, rural credit for non-farm activities particularly those provided by the Grameen Bank has been better utilized, and timely repaid. However, Grameen Bank still covers a tiny proportion of the total rural poor, so its success should be interpreted with caution.
Additional file 8: of Genes related to mitochondrial functions are differentially expressed in phosphine-resistant and -susceptible Tribolium castaneum
Creators: name: Oppert, Brenda
name: Guedes, Raul
name: Aikins, Michael
name: Perkin, Lindsey
name: Zhaorigetu Chen
name: Phillips, Thomas
name: Zhu, Kun
name: Opit, George
name: Hoon, Kelly
name: Yongming Sun
name: Meredith, Gavin
name: Bramlett, Kelli
name: Hernandez, Natalie
name: Sanderson, Brian
name: Taylor, Madison
name: Dhingra, Dalia
name: Blakey, Brandon
name: MarcĂŠ Lorenzen
name: Folukemi Adedipe
name: Arthur, Frank
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Treatment and sequencing strategy for T. castaneum adults (RFB). Abbreviations: RFBSusc, phosphinesusceptible laboratory colony; RFBPhosResBr, phosphine-resistant population from Brazil. Overall there were four treatments: RFBSusc not exposed to phosphine (blue); RFBPhosResBr not exposed to phosphine (orange); RFBSusc and RFBPhos-ResBr exposed to phosphine* (red). Each treatment was in triplicate; lower tier describes the samples that were extracted for mRNA used in the RNA-Seq experiments. (PDF 278 kb)
AGRICULTURAL CREDIT INSTITUTIONS AND POLICIES IN BANGLADESH, 1974-84
Creators: name: Rahim, A. M. A.
name: Rahim, A. M. A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The paper shows that there has been considerable geographical and institutional overlap in the coverage is of the rural areas involving inefficiency in resource allocation and stop-uniform coverage of the clientele. Operation of the lead bank system has also proved to be difficult. Multiple lending to defaulters of other and multiple pledging of the same security remain serious problems. A number of suggestions made to improve the situation.
Durgades dunchensis Viraktamath
Creators: name: C. A. Viraktamath
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Durgades
Durgades dunchensis

description: Durgades dunchensis Viraktamath
Figs 189–195.
 Durgades dunchensis Viraktamath 2004: 368–369, figs 17–23. HOLOTYPE ♂, NEPAL: Dunche [BPBM, examined].
Sexually dimorphic.
 Male (color). Black. Ochraceous areas as follows: two spots on inner margin of eye on face and vertex, two spots on either side of median line on vertex continued on face as rectangular area, one oblique stripe from each ocellus to antennal ledge, antennal ledge, upper median spot on frontoclypeus, outer margin of gena, inner margin of gena and upper margin of lorum. Hind margin of pronotum and connected two discal spots. Scutellum with two posterolateral areas ochraceous to ivory. Forewing cells with brownish suffusions. Abdomen black with ochraceous hind margins. Subgenital plates ochraceous.
 Male genitalia. Subgenital plates slender, triangular. Dorsum of ninth segment membranous narrow, anterior margin, pigmented. Pygofer caudo-dorsally strongly curved and terminated by spine and subapically forked on caudal margin. Styles slender, elongate, articulated with connective at about anterior 0.33 of length, inner arm longer than outer and with subapical tooth. Preatrium of aedeagus well developed with unpaired elongate process, atrium elongate, shaft short and stout; gonopore terminal, large and surrounded by rim of varying width, dorsal apodeme deeply bifurcate. Tenth segment sclerotized.
 Female (color). Pale brown. Two small spots on vertex, two spots on outer margin of ocellus, transverse band across antennal ledges, series of specks to frontoclypeus and apical 0.66 of clypellus, four spots on scutellum, black. Seventh sternite medially fuscous.
 Female genitalia. Hind margin of seventh sternite deeply excavated in middle.
 Measurements. Male 3.7 (3.4–3.9) mm long, 1.8 mm wide across eyes. Female 4.05 mm long and 2.0 mm wide across eyes.
 Material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂, NEPAL: Dunche, 28 Km N. of Trisuli (Nuawakot), 1950m, 7– 12.xi.1965, L.W. Quate (BPBM). PARATYPES: 6 ♂, 1 ♀, same data as holotype; 1 ♂, Bokaihunde, 20 Km N of Trisuli (Nuawakot), 2100m, 13–17.xi.1965, L.W.Quate (BPBM). Additional material: NEPAL: 2 ♀, Ulleri, Godavari 4.xi.1981; 5 ♂, 3 ♀, Chitre, 5.xi.1981; 3 ♀, Phalate, 6.xi.1981; 3 ♂, 3 ♀, Kaku, 9.xi.1981; Letekhola, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 9.xi.1981; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Kalopani, 10.xi.1981; 7 ♂, 3 ♀, Lete, 10–11.xi.1981; all collected by I. Dworakowska (BMNH, NPC, UASB, NMNH, ZSI). Other material: INDIA: 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Himachal Pradesh: Simla, on clover, No.S 21, CIEA 9478, Durgades sp. Det. MSK, Ghauri, 1977 (BMNH).
 Remarks. This species is closely related to D. montana from which it can be easily distinguished by its long preatrial process of the aedeagus.
description: Published as part of C. A. Viraktamath, 2011, Revision of the Oriental and Australian Agalliini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae) 2844, pp. 1-118 in Zootaxa 2844 on page 44
AGRICULTURAL CREDIT REFORM IN BA NGLADESH: LESSONS LEARNED FROM A PILOT PROJECT
Creators: name: Antholt, Charles H.
name: Wennergren, E. Boyd
name: Antholt, Charles H.
name: Wennergren, E. Boyd
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Subsidized interest rate policy has been identified as the major pitfall of the past credit programmes. Findings of a pilot project has been reported to illustrate the viability of charging higher commercial, even if not real, terse of interest and mobilizing private savings in rural financial markets.
Exploring Anisotropic flow via the Boltzmann Transport Equation Employing the Tsallis Blast Wave Description at LHC energies
Creators: name: Akhil, Aviral
name: Tiwari, Swatantra Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anisotropic flows $i.e.$ azimuthal anisotropies in particle production are one of the important probes in characterizing the properties of the strongly interacting matter created in the relativistic heavy-ion collisions. These observables are sensitive to both the transport properties as well as the equation of state (EOS) of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) matter. We have adopted the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) in the relaxation time approximation (RTA) to describe the experimental data for harmonic flows such as elliptic flow ($v_2$), triangular flow ($v_3$), quadrangular flow ($v_4$) obtained in heavy-ion collisions at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies. In this analysis, we have used Tsallis statistics as an initial distribution and the Tsallis Blast wave (TBW) description is used as the equilibrium distribution function while describing the evolution of the particle production in BTE. We have fitted the transverse momentum spectra, $v_2$, $v_3$, and $v_4$ of identified hadrons such as pion, kaon, and proton for Pb-Pb and Xe-Xe collisions at the LHC energies of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV and $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.44 TeV, respectively for various centralities. Our study offers a comparative analysis between the two distinct collision systems operating at comparable collision energies. The present formulation successfully fits the experimental data for $p_T$-spectra upto $p_T$ = 8 GeV and effectively explains the anisotropic flows data upto $p_T$ = 10 GeV with a very favourable $χ^2/ndf$. We observe that the average transverse flow velocity ($<β_r>$) and the kinetic freeze-out temperature ($T$) extracted in our analysis decrease as we go towards the peripheral collisions. The azimuthal modulation amplitudes ($ρ_a$) exhibit an increasing pattern as one moves from central to peripheral collisions in both the Pb-Pb and Xe-Xe nuclei interactions.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures, Published version of the article
Divide et Impera: Multi-Transformer Architectures for Complex NLP-Tasks
Creators: name: Helland, Solveig
name: Gavagnin, Elena
name: de Spindler, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The growing capabilities of transformer models pave the way for solving increasingly complex NLP tasks. A key to supporting application-specific requirements is the ability to fine-tune. However, compiling a fine-tuning dataset tailored to complex tasks is tedious and results in large datasets, limiting the ability to control transformer output. We present an approach in which complex tasks are divided into simpler subtasks. Multiple transformer models are fine-tuned to one subtask each, and lined up to accomplish the complex task. This simplifies the compilation of fine-tuning datasets and increases overall controllability. Using the example of reducing gender bias as a complex task, we demonstrate our approach and show that it performs better than using a single model.
description: Proceedings of the Swiss Text Analytics Conference 2023
Durgades idiocera Pruthi
Creators: name: C. A. Viraktamath
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Durgades
Durgades idiocera

description: Durgades idiocera Pruthi
Figs 196–197.
 Durgades idiocera Pruthi 1930: 13–15; figs.15–17, pl II, figs. 1, 1a, 2. Viraktamath 2004: 369–370, figs 24–25. SYNTYPES ♂ ♀, PAKISTAN: Murree Hills [ZSI, examined].
 Male genitalia. Pygofer shorter than subgenital plates with internal short tooth. Aedeagus with short shaft and apical gonopore surrounded by three curved finger-like processes and one straighter process.
 Material examined. SYNTYPES: PAKISTAN: 3 ♂, 6 ♀, Murree, Kachhut, 4412 ft (1247m), 7.ix.1928 (1 ♂, reg. No. 517); Jikka Gal, 6730 ft (2041 m), 17.ix.1928 (1 ♂); Kuldauana, 7006 ft (2124m, 13.ix.1928 (1 ♂) on wild grass, H.S.Pruthi (ZSI).
 Remarks. Pruthi’s (1930) description is quite adequate. This species differs from the other known species of Durgades in lacking cross vein between the claval veins of the forewings. It appears closely related to D. mirabilis judging from the shape of the female seventh sternite.
description: Published as part of C. A. Viraktamath, 2011, Revision of the Oriental and Australian Agalliini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae) 2844, pp. 1-118 in Zootaxa 2844 on page 46
Additional file 7: of Genes related to mitochondrial functions are differentially expressed in phosphine-resistant and -susceptible Tribolium castaneum
Creators: name: Oppert, Brenda
name: Guedes, Raul
name: Aikins, Michael
name: Perkin, Lindsey
name: Zhaorigetu Chen
name: Phillips, Thomas
name: Zhu, Kun
name: Opit, George
name: Hoon, Kelly
name: Yongming Sun
name: Meredith, Gavin
name: Bramlett, Kelli
name: Hernandez, Natalie
name: Sanderson, Brian
name: Taylor, Madison
name: Dhingra, Dalia
name: Blakey, Brandon
name: MarcĂŠ Lorenzen
name: Folukemi Adedipe
name: Arthur, Frank
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Summary of SNPs/INDELs found in transcripts encoding DLD from phoshine-susceptible (A, unexposed; B, exposed) or -resistant (C, unexposed; D, exposed) T. castaneum adults, when transcripts were assembled to QTC4 ((gi|399108166|gb|AFP20530.1|) using SeqManNGen (DNAStar). (PDF 115 kb)
Whole-chromosome hitchhiking driven by a male-killing endosymbiont
Creators: name: Martin, Simon H.
name: Singh, Kumar Saurabh
name: Gordon, Ian J.
name: Omufwoko, Kennedy Saitoti
name: Collins, Steve
name: Warren, Ian A.
name: Munby, Hannah
name: Brattström, Oskar
name: Traut, Walther
name: Martins, Dino J.
name: Smith, David A. S.
name: Jiggins, Chris D.
name: Bass, Chris
name: Ffrench-Constant, Richard H.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Short Reports
Biology and life sciences

description: Neo-sex chromosomes are found in many taxa, but the forces driving their emergence and spread are poorly understood. The female-specific neo-W chromosome of the African monarch (or queen) butterfly Danaus chrysippus presents an intriguing case study because it is restricted to a single ‘contact zone’ population, involves a putative colour patterning supergene, and co-occurs with infection by the male-killing endosymbiont Spiroplasma. We investigated the origin and evolution of this system using whole genome sequencing. We first identify the ‘BC supergene’, a broad region of suppressed recombination across nearly half a chromosome, which links two colour patterning loci. Association analysis suggests that the genes yellow and arrow in this region control the forewing colour pattern differences between D. chrysippus subspecies. We then show that the same chromosome has recently formed a neo-W that has spread through the contact zone within approximately 2,200 years. We also assembled the genome of the male-killing Spiroplasma, and find that it shows perfect genealogical congruence with the neo-W, suggesting that the neo-W has hitchhiked to high frequency as the male-killer has spread through the population. The complete absence of female crossing-over in the Lepidoptera causes whole-chromosome hitchhiking of a single neo-W haplotype, carrying a single allele of the BC supergene and dragging multiple non-synonymous mutations to high frequency. This has created a population of infected females that all carry the same recessive colour patterning allele, making the phenotypes of each successive generation highly dependent on uninfected male immigrants. Our findings show how hitchhiking can occur between the physically unlinked genomes of host and endosymbiont, with dramatic consequences.
On extrema of the objective functional for short-time generation of single qubit quantum gates
Creators: name: Pechen, Alexander
name: Il'in, Nikolay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work the extrema of the objective functional for the problem of generation of quantum gates (logical elements for quantum computations) for two--level systems are investigated for short duration of the control. The problem of existence of local but not global extrema, the so called traps, is considered. In prior works the absence of traps was proved for a sufficiently long control duration. In this paper we prove that for almost all target unitary operators and system Hamiltonians traps are absent for an arbitrarily small control duration. For the remainder target unitary operators and Hamiltonians we obtain a new estimate for the lower boundary of the control duration which guarantees the absence of traps.
Quasiparticle mass enhancement as a measure of entanglement in the Kondo problem
Creators: name: Pari, Nayra A. Álvarez
name: García, D. J.
name: Cornaglia, Pablo S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the quantum entanglement between opposite spin projection electrons in the ground state of the Anderson impurity model. In this model, a single level impurity with intralevel repulsion U is tunnel coupled to a free electron gas. The Anderson model presents a strongly correlated many body ground state with mass enhanced quasiparticle excitations. We find, using both analytical and numerical tools, that the quantum entanglement between opposite spin projection electrons is a monotonic universal function of the quasiparticle mass enhancement Z. The mass enhancement, which is used to quantify the correlations in quantum many body systems, could therefore be used to quantify spin entanglement.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, supplemental material
Rhodium Doped Manganites : Ferromagnetism and Metallicity
Creators: name: Raveau, Bernard
name: Hebert, Sylvie
name: Maignan, Antoine
name: Fresard, Raymond
name: Hervieu, Maryvonne
name: Khomskii, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility to induce ferromagnetism and insulator to metal transitions in small A site cation manganites Ln_{1-x}Ca_xMnO_3 by rhodium doping is shown for the first time. Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) properties are evidenced for a large compositional range (0.35 \leq x < 0.60). The ability of rhodium to induce such properties is compared to the results obtained by chromium and ruthenium doping. Models are proposed to explain this behavior.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
The Interior and Atmosphere of the Habitable-zone Exoplanet K2-18b
Creators: name: Madhusudhan, Nikku
name: Nixon, Matthew C.
name: Welbanks, Luis
name: Piette, Anjali A. A.
name: Booth, Richard A.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Exoplanet atmospheres
Planetary interior
Exoplanet atmospheric composition
Exoplanet surface characteristics
Habitable planets
Habitable zone

description: Funder: Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK
description: Funder: Gates Cambridge Trust
description: Abstract: Exoplanets orbiting M-dwarfs present a valuable opportunity for their detection and atmospheric characterization. This is evident from recent inferences of H2O in such atmospheres, including that of the habitable-zone exoplanet K2-18b. With a bulk density between Earth and Neptune, K2-18b may be expected to possess a H/He envelope. However, the extent of such an envelope and the thermodynamic conditions of the interior remain unexplored. In the present work, we investigate the atmospheric and interior properties of K2-18b based on its bulk properties and its atmospheric transmission spectrum. We constrain the atmosphere to be H2-rich with a H2O volume mixing ratio of 0.02%–14.8%, consistent with previous studies, and find a depletion of CH4 and NH3, indicating chemical disequilibrium. We do not conclusively detect clouds/hazes in the observable atmosphere. We use the bulk parameters and retrieved atmospheric properties to constrain the internal structure and thermodynamic conditions in the planet. The constraints on the interior allow multiple scenarios between rocky worlds with massive H/He envelopes and water worlds with thin envelopes. We constrain the mass fraction of the H/He envelope to be ≲6%; spanning ≲10−5 for a predominantly water world to ∼6% for a pure iron interior. The thermodynamic conditions at the surface of the H2O layer range from the supercritical to liquid phases, with a range of solutions allowing for habitable conditions on K2-18b. Our results demonstrate that the potential for habitable conditions is not necessarily restricted to Earth-like rocky exoplanets.
Nearly minimax empirical Bayesian prediction of independent Poisson observables
Creators: name: Li, Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this study, simultaneous predictive distributions for independent Poisson observables were considered and the performance of predictive distributions was evaluated using the Kullback-Leibler (K-L) loss. This study proposes a class of empirical Bayesian predictive distributions that dominate the Bayesian predictive distribution based on the Jeffreys prior. The K-L risk of the empirical Bayesian predictive distributions is demonstrated to be less than 1.04 times the minimax lower bound.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2209.14618
title: Rethinking the Political Judge: The Civil Liberties Jurisprudence of Learned and Augustus Hand, 1909-1961
Creators: name: Allen, Jak
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: Allegations of voting on partisan or political lines has become a regular feature of discussions on the role of the U.S. judiciary. The result has been the framing of judges within the conventional political binary of liberalism and conservatism. This tendency has also extended to the scholarly analysis of historical judicial actors. However, this thesis argues that the application of such labels distorts and simplifies the complex role of judges, both past and present. It does so by investigating the role of fellow lower federal court judges, and cousins, Learned and Augustus Hand, in civil liberties cases in the early-to-mid twentieth century. Although both men have been popularly regarded as symbols of judicial independence, their contributions to law have typically been framed in political terms. This thesis examines the Hands through a judicial biography focused on civil liberties cases to reveal the ways in which their opinions and rulings reflected a complex philosophical methodology that transcended political labels. In turn, it exposes the limitations of the contemporary political binary as an accurate measure of judicial decision making.The thesis traces this approach through the Hands' formative years and the legal areas of political speech, obscenity, immigration, and criminal rights. It scrutinises landmark and highly contentious civil liberties cases, as well as lesser known and unstudied cases, to highlight how they reshaped law whilst maintaining judicial independence. Furthermore, it draws on new documents and letters to display how their relationship dynamic prompted differing views on the optimal approach to maintaining judicial restraint. In so doing, the thesis shows how the Hands were able to avoid political and personal inclinations to provide lasting contributions that continue to influence and shape current legal debates. With the Supreme Court under intensifying calls for reform, this thesis adds timely nuance to our historical understanding of the delicate relationship between politics and law.
Unsustainable Groundwater Use in Punjab Agriculture: Insights from Cost of Cultivation Survey
Creators: name: Srivastava, S.K.
name: Chand, Ramesh
name: Raju, S.S.
name: Jain, Rajni
name: I., Kingsly
name: Sachdeva, Jatinder
name: Singh, Jaspal
name: Kaur, Amrit Pal
name: Srivastava, S.K.
name: Chand, Ramesh
name: Raju, S.S.
name: Jain, Rajni
name: I., Kingsly
name: Sachdeva, Jatinder
name: Singh, Jaspal
name: Kaur, Amrit Pal
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Groundwater
subject: Footprints
subject: Productivity
subject: Inefficiency
subject: Cost of cultivation data.

description: Groundwater depletion has emerged as the major constraint in sustaining growth in agriculturally advanced state of Punjab. The study unravels unsustainable groundwater use in crop production using unit-level cost of cultivation survey data. The deterioration in groundwater resources is the outcome of technology and policy led shift in cropping pattern (towards paddy), irrigation source (towards groundwater) and energy source (towards electricity) in Punjab. Presently, total annual groundwater draft in the state is 72 per cent higher than the sustainable limit of 20 BCM. Agriculture being the largest user of groundwater draft bears the prime responsibility in averting groundwater crisis. Paddy emerged as the most water-guzzling crop consuming 45 to 88 per cent higher groundwater than other crops. Consequently, paddy had highest groundwater footprints (cum/kg) and lowest groundwater productivity (Rs./cum). Further, there exists large scale inefficiency in groundwater use for paddy cultivation. The optimum level of groundwater use for paddy cultivation should be about 52 per cent less than the present level of 1.2 ha-metre. Interestingly, large farmers emerged as more efficient user of groundwater resources and productive as compared to farmers with smaller land holdings. The strategy to ensure sustainability must include both groundwater supply augmentation and demand reduction measures with greater emphasis on improving water use efficiency and curtailing non-productive use of groundwater resources.
Role of surface waves on the relation between crack speed and the work of fracture
Creators: name: Parisi, Andrea
name: Ball, Robin C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the delivery of fracture work to the tip of an advancing planar crack is strongly reduced by surface phonon emission, leading to forbidden ranges of crack speed. The emission can be interpreted through dispersion of the group velocity, and Rayleigh and Love branches contribute as well as other high frequency branches of the surface wave dispersion relations. We also show that the energy release rate which enters the Griffith criterion for the crack advance can be described as the product of the continuum solution with a function that only depends on the lattice geometry and describes the lattice influence on the phonon emission. Simulations are performed using a new finite element model for simulating elasticity and fractures. The model, built to allow fast and very large three-dimensional simulations, is applied to the simplified case of two dimensional samples.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures; title changed, notation leading to table I revised and caption clarified, length reduced by 2 pages, spelling checked
Additional file 5: of Genes related to mitochondrial functions are differentially expressed in phosphine-resistant and -susceptible Tribolium castaneum
Creators: name: Oppert, Brenda
name: Guedes, Raul
name: Aikins, Michael
name: Perkin, Lindsey
name: Zhaorigetu Chen
name: Phillips, Thomas
name: Zhu, Kun
name: Opit, George
name: Hoon, Kelly
name: Yongming Sun
name: Meredith, Gavin
name: Bramlett, Kelli
name: Hernandez, Natalie
name: Sanderson, Brian
name: Taylor, Madison
name: Dhingra, Dalia
name: Blakey, Brandon
name: Marcé Lorenzen
name: Folukemi Adedipe
name: Arthur, Frank
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Relative coverage of transcripts from susceptible (A, B) and phosphine-resistant (C, D) T. castaneum adults from this study, either not exposed (A, C) or exposed (B, D) to phosphine, aligning to DLD mRNA from a phosphine-susceptible T. castaneum adult strain (QTC4, accession JX434604) using SeqMan Pro (DNAStar). Thin red line – single strand coverage; thick red line – exceeds threshold of coverage; thin green – coverage on both strands; thick green – above threshold coverage; thin cyan – single direction coverage only. (PDF 99 kb)
Toward Metrics for Differentiating Out-of-Distribution Sets
Creators: name: Abbasi, Mahdieh
name: Shui, Changjian
name: Rajabi, Arezoo
name: Gagne, Christian
name: Bobba, Rakesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Vanilla CNNs, as uncalibrated classifiers, suffer from classifying out-of-distribution (OOD) samples nearly as confidently as in-distribution samples. To tackle this challenge, some recent works have demonstrated the gains of leveraging available OOD sets for training end-to-end calibrated CNNs. However, a critical question remains unanswered in these works: how to differentiate OOD sets for selecting the most effective one(s) that induce training such CNNs with high detection rates on unseen OOD sets? To address this pivotal question, we provide a criterion based on generalization errors of Augmented-CNN, a vanilla CNN with an added extra class employed for rejection, on in-distribution and unseen OOD sets. However, selecting the most effective OOD set by directly optimizing this criterion incurs a huge computational cost. Instead, we propose three novel computationally-efficient metrics for differentiating between OOD sets according to their "protection" level of in-distribution sub-manifolds. We empirically verify that the most protective OOD sets -- selected according to our metrics -- lead to A-CNNs with significantly lower generalization errors than the A-CNNs trained on the least protective ones. We also empirically show the effectiveness of a protective OOD set for training well-generalized confidence-calibrated vanilla CNNs. These results confirm that 1) all OOD sets are not equally effective for training well-performing end-to-end models (i.e., A-CNNs and calibrated CNNs) for OOD detection tasks and 2) the protection level of OOD sets is a viable factor for recognizing the most effective one. Finally, across the image classification tasks, we exhibit A-CNN trained on the most protective OOD set can also detect black-box FGS adversarial examples as their distance (measured by our metrics) is becoming larger from the protected sub-manifolds.
description: Workshop on Safety and Robustness in Decision Making, NeurIPS 2019
Polaron percolation in diluted magnetic semiconductors
Creators: name: Kaminski, A.
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the development of spontaneous magnetization in diluted magnetic semiconductors as arising from a percolation of bound magnetic polarons. Within the framework of a generalized percolation theory we derive analytic expressions for the Curie temperature and the magnetization, obtaining excellent quantitative agreement with Monte Carlo simulation results and good qualitative agreement with experimental results.
description: 5 pages
Diversification, Climate Risk and Vulnerability to Poverty: Evidence from Rural Malawi
Creators: name: Asfaw, Solomon
name: McCarthy, Nancy
name: Paolantonio, Adriana
name: Cavatassi, Romina
name: Amare, Mulubrhan
name: Lipper, Leslie
name: Asfaw, Solomon
name: McCarthy, Nancy
name: Paolantonio, Adriana
name: Cavatassi, Romina
name: Amare, Mulubrhan
name: Lipper, Leslie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Development
subject: Climate change
subject: diversification
subject: impact
subject: Malawi

description: This paper investigates factors that impact cropland, labour and income diversification decisions and subsequent impacts on welfare. We use geo-referenced household data collected in 2011 from Malawi. The results show that measures of climate risk generally increase diversification across labour, cropland and income indicating that rainfall riskiness is a “push” factor for these indices. Our results also reveal that “pull” factors such as household wealth and education status of the household generally increase diversification across labour, land and income. Results also show that vulnerability to poverty is lower in environments with greater climate variability. Availability of services and support from rural institutions tends to increase diversification and reduce vulnerability to poverty. Looking at welfare measures as a function of diversification indices, all three measures of diversification increase consumption per capita, but income diversification has the strongest impacts on current consumption per capita and in reducing vulnerability to poverty.
Formal Analysis of "Luk Lor Luk Khat" in Thai Classical Music: A Case Study of Phleng Khamen Rajaburi
Creators: name: Jarernchai Chonpairot
Publisher: name: บัณฑิตศึกษา สถาบันบัณฑิตพัฒนศิลป์ กระทรวงวัฒนธรรม
Year: 2021
Subjects: formal analysis
luk lor-luk khat
Thai classical piece
formal design

description: วิพิธพัฒนศิลป์, 1, 1, 70-93
miR-1-5p targets TGF-βR1 and is suppressed in the hypertrophying hearts of rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Creators: name: Connolly, Martin
name: Garfield, Benjamin E.
name: Crosby, Alexi
name: Morrell, Nick W.
name: Wort, Stephen J.
name: Kemp, Paul R.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Biology and life sciences
Research and analysis methods
Medicine and health sciences

description: The microRNA miR-1 is an important regulator of muscle phenotype including cardiac muscle. Down-regulation of miR-1 has been shown to occur in left ventricular hypertrophy but its contribution to right ventricular hypertrophy in pulmonary arterial hypertension are not known. Previous studies have suggested that miR-1 may suppress transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signalling, an important pro-hypertrophic pathway but only indirect mechanisms of regulation have been identified. We identified the TGF-β type 1 receptor (TGF-βR1) as a putative miR-1 target. We therefore hypothesized that miR-1 and TGF-βR1 expression would be inversely correlated in hypertrophying right ventricle of rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension and that miR-1 would inhibit TGF-β signalling by targeting TGF-βR1 expression. Quantification of miR-1 and TGF-βR1 in rats treated with monocrotaline to induce pulmonary arterial hypertension showed appropriate changes in miR-1 and TGF-βR1 expression in the hypertrophying right ventricle. A miR-1-mimic reduced enhanced green fluorescent protein expression from a reporter vector containing the TGF-βR1 3’- untranslated region and knocked down endogenous TGF-βR1. Lastly, miR-1 reduced TGF-β activation of a (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog) SMAD2/3-dependent reporter. Taken together, these data suggest that miR-1 targets TGF-βR1 and reduces TGF-β signalling, so a reduction in miR-1 expression may increase TGF-β signalling and contribute to cardiac hypertrophy.
Optimization of metasurfaces for lasing with symmetry constraints on the modes
Creators: name: Parry, Matthew
name: Crozier, Kenneth B.
name: Sukhorukov, Andrey A.
name: Neshev, Dragomir N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of active metasurface systems, such as lasing metasurfaces, requires the optimization of multiple modes at the absorption and lasing wavelength bands, including their quality factor, mode profile and angular dispersion. Often, these requirements are contradictory and impossible to obtain with conventional design techniques. Importantly, the properties of the eigenmodes of a metasurface are directly linked to their symmetry, which offers an opportunity to explore mode symmetry as an objective in optimization routines for active metasurface design. Here, we propose and numerically demonstrate a novel multi-objective optimization technique based on symmetry projection operators to quantify the symmetry of the metasurface eigenmodes. We present, as an example, the optimization of a lasing metasurface based on up-converting nano-particles. Our technique allows us to optimize the absorption mode dispersion, as well as the directionality of the lasing emission and therefore offers advantages for novel lasing systems with high directionality and low lasing threshold.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
Retrieval-Extinction and Relapse Prevention: Rewriting Maladaptive Drug Memories?
Creators: name: Kuijer, Eloise J.
name: Ferragud, Antonio
name: Milton, Amy L.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Behavioral Neuroscience
memory reconsolidation
extinction
retrieval-extinction
addiction
rat

description: Addicted individuals are highly susceptible to relapse when exposed to drug-associated conditioned stimuli (CSs; “drug cues”) even after extensive periods of abstinence. Until recently, these maladaptive emotional drug memories were believed to be permanent and resistant to change. The rediscovery of the phenomenon of memory reconsolidation—by which retrieval of the memory can, under certain conditions, destabilize the previously stable memory before it restabilizes in its new, updated form—has led to the hypothesis that it may be possible to disrupt the strong maladaptive drug-memories that trigger a relapse. Furthermore, recent work has suggested that extinction training “within the reconsolidation window” may lead to a long-term reduction in relapse without the requirement for pharmacological amnestic agents. However, this so-called “retrieval-extinction” effect has been inconsistently observed in the literature, leading some to speculate that rather than reflecting memory updating, it may be the product of facilitation of extinction. In this mini review article, we will focus on factors that might be responsible for the retrieval-extinction effects on preventing drug-seeking relapse and how inter-individual differences may influence this therapeutically promising effect. A better understanding of the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms underpinning the “retrieval-extinction” paradigm, and individual differences in boundary conditions, should provide insights with the potential to optimize the translation of “retrieval-extinction” to clinical populations.