cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Antiproton beam profile measurements using Gas Electron Multipliers
Creators: name: Pinto, Serge Duarte
name: Carrière, Philippe
name: Spanggaard, Jens
name: Tranquille, Gerard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The new beam profile measurement for the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) at CERN is based on a single Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) with a 2D readout structure. This detector is very light, ~0.4% X_0, as required by the low energy of the antiprotons, 5.3 MeV. This overcomes the problems previously encountered with multi-wire proportional chambers (MWPC) for the same purpose, where beam interactions with the detector severely affect the obtained profiles. A prototype was installed and successfully tested in late 2010, with another five detectors now installed in the ASACUSA and AEgIS beam lines. We will provide a detailed description of the detector and discuss the results obtained. The success of these detectors in the AD makes GEM-based detectors likely candidates for upgrade of the beam profile monitors in all experimental areas at CERN. The various types of MWPC currently in use are aging and becoming increasingly difficult to maintain.
description: Submitted to the IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium conference record
Attosecond streaking of correlated two-electron transitions in helium
Creators: name: Pazourek, Renate
name: Nagele, Stefan
name: Feist, Johannes
name: Burgdörfer, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present fully ab initio simulations of attosecond streaking for ionization of helium accompanied by shake-up of the second electron. This process represents a prototypical case for strongly correlated electron dynamics on the attosecond timescale. We show that streaking spectroscopy can provide detailed information on the Eisenbud-Wigner-Smith time delay as well as on the infrared field dressing of both bound and continuum states. We find a novel contribution to the streaking delay that stems from the interplay of electron-electron and infrared-field interactions in the exit channel. We quantify all the contributions with attosecond precision and provide a benchmark for future experiments.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
One Relation for All Wavelengths: The Far-Ultraviolet to Mid-Infrared Milky Way Spectroscopic R(V) Dependent Dust Extinction Relationship
Creators: name: Gordon, Karl D.
name: Clayton, Geoffrey C.
name: Decleir, Marjorie
name: Fitzpatrick, E. L.
name: Massa, Derck
name: Misselt, Karl A.
name: Tollerud, Erik J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dust extinction is one of the fundamental measurements of dust grain sizes, compositions, and shapes. Most of the wavelength dependent variations seen in Milky Way extinction are strongly correlated with the single parameter R(V)=A(V)/E(B-V). Existing R(V) dependent extinction relationships use a mixture of spectroscopic and photometry observations, hence do not fully capture all the important dust features nor continuum variations. Using four existing samples of spectroscopically measured dust extinction curves, we consistently measure the R(V) dependent extinction relationship spectroscopically from the far-ultraviolet to mid-infrared for the first time. Linear fits of A(lambda)/A(V) dependent on R(V) are done using a method that fully accounts for their significant and correlated uncertainties. These linear parameters are fit with analytic wavelength dependent functions to determine the smooth R(V) (2.3-5.6) and wavelength (912 A-32 micron) dependent extinction relationship. This relationship shows that the far-UV rise, 2175 A bump, and the three broad optical features are dependent on R(V), but the 10 and 20 micron features are not. Existing literature relationships show significant deviations compared to this relationship especially in the far-ultraviolet and infrared. Extinction curves that clearly deviate from this relationship illustrate that this relationship only describes the average behavior versus R(V). We find tentative evidence that the relationship may not be linear with 1/R(V) especially in the ultraviolet. For the first time, this relationship provides measurements of dust extinction that spectroscopically resolve the continuum and features in the ultraviolet, optical, and infrared as a function of R(V) enabling detailed studies of dust grains properties and full spectroscopic accounting for the effects of dust extinction on astrophysical objects.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, ApJ, in press
Magnetic field tuning of terahertz Dirac plasmons in graphene
Creators: name: Yan, Hugen
name: Li, Zhiqiang
name: Li, Xuesong
name: Zhu, Wenjuan
name: Avouris, Phaedon
name: Xia, Fengnian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Boundaries and edges of a two dimensional system lower its symmetry and are usually regarded, from the point of view of charge transport, as imperfections. Here we present a first study of the behavior of graphene plasmons in a strong magnetic field that provides a different perspective. We show that the plasmon resonance in micron size graphene disks in a strong magnetic field splits into edge and bulk plasmon modes with opposite dispersion relations, and that the edge plasmons at terahertz frequencies develop increasingly longer lifetimes with increasing magnetic field, in spite of potentially more defects close to the graphene edges. This unintuitive behavior is attributed to increasing quasi-one dimensional field-induced confinement and the resulting suppression of the back-scattering. Due to the linear band structure of graphene, the splitting rate of the edge and bulk modes develops a strong doping dependence, which differs from the behavior of traditional semiconductor two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) systems. We also observe the appearance of a higher order mode indicating an anharmonic confinement potential even in these well-defined circular disks. Our work not only opens an avenue for studying the physics of graphene edges, but also supports the great potential of graphene for tunable terahertz magneto-optical devices.
description: 27 pages, 4 figures with supplementary information, submitted
Gemini Near Infrared Spectrograph - Distant Quasar Survey: Prescriptions for Calibrating UV-Based Estimates of Supermassive Black Hole Masses in High-Redshift Quasars
Creators: name: Dix, Cooper
name: Matthews, Brandon
name: Shemmer, Ohad
name: Brotherton, Michael S.
name: Myers, Adam D.
name: Andruchow, I.
name: Brandt, W. N.
name: Ferrero, Gabriel A.
name: Green, Richard
name: Lira, Paulina
name: Plotkin, Richard M.
name: Richards, Gordon T.
name: Schneider, Donald P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most reliable single-epoch supermassive black hole mass ($M_{\rm BH}$) estimates in quasars are obtained by using the velocity widths of low-ionization emission lines, typically the H$β$ $\lambda4861$ line. Unfortunately, this line is redshifted out of the optical band at $z\approx1$, leaving $M_{\rm BH}$ estimates to rely on proxy rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) emission lines, such as C IV $\lambda1549$ or Mg II $\lambda2800$, which contain intrinsic challenges when measuring, resulting in uncertain $M_{\rm BH}$ estimates. In this work, we aim at correcting $M_{\rm BH}$ estimates derived from the C IV and Mg II emission lines based on estimates derived from the H$β$ emission line. We find that employing the equivalent width of C IV in deriving $M_{\rm BH}$ estimates based on Mg II and C IV provides values that are closest to those obtained from H$β$. We also provide prescriptions to estimate $M_{\rm BH}$ values when only C IV, only Mg II, and both C IV and Mg II are measurable. We find that utilizing both emission lines, where available, reduces the scatter of UV-based $M_{\rm BH}$ estimates by $\sim15\%$ when compared to previous studies. Lastly, we discuss the potential of our prescriptions to provide more accurate and precise estimates of $M_{\rm BH}$ given a much larger sample of quasars at $3.20 \lesssim z \lesssim 3.50$, where both Mg II and H$β$ can be measured in the same near-infrared spectrum.
description: 19 pages (AASTeX 6.3.1), 9 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
When cultural competence is inadequate : an opportunity for a new approach to child welfare in Nunavut
Creators: name: Johnston, Patricia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This research explores Nunavut’s child welfare system through a review of research on child welfare in rural Aboriginal communities, the experiences of social workers who have worked in Nunavut’s child welfare system, and a discussion of social work theory and Inuit traditional knowledge. Through data analysis the role of Qallunaat child welfare workers as colonial agents with particular attention paid to the employment of and power held by Qallunaat social workers, colonialism and the imposition of southern Canadian ideology are examined. Child welfare in Nunavut is then discussed in light of the values and beliefs built into the territory’s mainstream model of child welfare and the contrast between Inuit culture and world view, with that of the dominant culture in southern Canada. This study looks at the development of Nunavut’s child welfare system, the direction of Inuit self-government and the need for increased Inuit control and decision-making power over child welfare. This research determined that child welfare in Nunavut, as in the rest of Canada, is not meeting the needs of children and families. Culturally competent child welfare services were also found to be inadequate in providing culturally specific child welfare services to Inuit families. In addition, this study also came to the conclusion that a new approach to child welfare is needed for Inuit communities and such an approach must be created out of Inuit traditional knowledge and an Inuit perspective of community needs.
Removal Of Active Region Inflows Reveals a Weak Solar Cycle Scale Trend In Near-surface Meridional Flow
Creators: name: Mahajan, Sushant S.
name: Sun, Xudong
name: Zhao, Junwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using time-distance local helioseismology flow maps within 1 Mm of the solar photosphere, we detect inflows toward activity belts that contribute to solar cycle scale variations in near-surface meridional flow. These inflows stretch out as far as 30 degrees away from active region centroids. If active region neighborhoods are excluded, the solar cycle scale variation in background meridional flow diminishes to below 2~m~s$^{-1}$, but still shows systematic variations in the absence of active regions between Sunspot Cycles 24 and 25. We, therefore, propose that the near-surface meridional flow is a three component flow made up of: a constant baseline flow profile that can be derived from quiet Sun regions, variations due to inflows around active regions, and solar cycle scale variation of the order of 2~m~s$^{-1}$. Torsional oscillation, on the other hand, is found to be a global phenomenon i.e. exclusion of active region neighborhoods does not affect its magnitude or phase significantly. This non-variation of torsional oscillation with distance away from active regions and the three-component breakdown of the near-surface meridional flow serve as vital constraints for solar dynamo models and surface flux transport simulations.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Excitation Dynamics in Low Band Gap Donor-Acceptor Copolymers and Blends
Creators: name: Gieseking, Björn
name: Jäck, Berthold
name: Preis, Eduard
name: Jung, Stefan
name: Forster, Michael
name: Scherf, Ullrich
name: Deibel, Carsten
name: Dyakonov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Donor-acceptor (D-A) type copolymers show great potential for the application in the active layer of organic solar cells. Nevertheless the nature of the excited states, the coupling mechanism and the relaxation pathways following photoexcitation are yet to be clarified. We carried out comparative measurements of the steady state absorption and photoluminescence (PL) on the copolymer poly[N-(1-octylnonyl)-2,7-carbazole] -alt-5,5-[4',7' -di(thien-2-yl)-2',1',3' -benzothiadiazole] (PCDTBT), its building blocks as well as on the newly synthesized N-(1-octylnonyl)-2,7-bis-[(5-phenyl)thien-2-yl)carbazole (BPT-carbazole) (see Figure 1). The high-energy absorption band (HEB) of PCDTBT was identified with absorption of carbazoles with adjacent thiophene rings while the low-energy band (LEB) originates instead from the charge transfer (CT) state delocalized over the aforementioned unit with adjacent benzothiadiazole group. Photoexcitation of the HEB is followed by internal relaxation prior the radiative decay to the ground state. Adding PC70BM results in the efficient PL quenching within the first 50 ps after excitation. From the PL excitation experiments no evidence for a direct electron transfer from the HEB of PCDTBT towards the fullerene acceptor was found, therefore the internal relaxation mechanisms within PCDTBT can be assumed to precede. Our findings indicate that effective coupling between copolymer building blocks governs the photovoltaic performance of the blends.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Inferring the Astrophysical Population of Gravitational Wave Sources in the Presence of Noise Transients
Creators: name: Heinzel, Jack
name: Talbot, Colm
name: Ashton, Gregory
name: Vitale, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The global network of interferometric gravitational wave (GW) observatories (LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA) has detected and characterized nearly 100 mergers of binary compact objects. However, many more real GWs are lurking sub-threshold, which need to be sifted from terrestrial-origin noise triggers (known as glitches). Because glitches are not due to astrophysical phenomena, inference on the glitch under the assumption it has an astrophysical source (e.g. binary black hole coalescence) results in source parameters that are inconsistent with what is known about the astrophysical population. In this work, we show how one can extract unbiased population constraints from a catalog of both real GW events and glitch contaminants by performing Bayesian inference on their source populations simultaneously. In this paper, we assume glitches come from a specific class with a well-characterized effective population (blip glitches). We also calculate posteriors on the probability of each event in the catalog belonging to the astrophysical or glitch class, and obtain posteriors on the number of astrophysical events in the catalog, finding it to be consistent with the actual number of events included.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Dynamics of escaping Earth ejecta and their collision probability with different Solar System bodies
Creators: name: Reyes-Ruiz, M.
name: Chavez, C. E.
name: Hernandez, M. S.
name: Vazquez, R.
name: Aceves, H.
name: Nuñez, P. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been suggested that the ejection to interplanetary space of terrestrial crustal material, accelerated in a large impact, may result in the interchange of biological material between Earth and other Solar System bodies. In this paper, we analyze the fate of debris ejected from Earth by means of numerical simulations of the dynamics of a large collection of test particles. This allows us to determine the probability and conditions for the collision of ejecta with other planets of the Solar System. We also estimate the amount of particles falling-back to Earth as a function of time after being ejected. We find that, in general, the collision rates of Earth ejecta with Venus and the Moon, as well as the fall-back rates, are consistent with results reported in the literature. By considering a larger number of particles than in all previous calculations we have also determined directly the collision probability with Mars and, for the first time, computed collision probabilities with Jupiter. We find that the collision probability with Mars is greater than values determined from collision cross section estimations previously reported.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures & 1 table. Submitted to Icarus
Non-thermal motions and atmospheric heating of cool stars
Creators: name: Saikia, S. Boro
name: Lueftinger, T.
name: Airapetian, V. S.
name: Ayres, T.
name: Bartel, M.
name: Guedel, M.
name: Jin, M.
name: Kislyakova, K. G.
name: Testa, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic processes associated with the non-thermal broadening of optically thin emission lines appear to carry enough energy to heat the corona and accelerate the solar wind. We investigate whether non-thermal motions in cool stars exhibit the same behaviour as on the Sun by analysing archival stellar spectra taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, and full-disc Solar spectra taken by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph. We determined the non-thermal velocities by measuring the excess broadening in optically thin emission lines formed in the stellar atmosphere; the chromosphere, the transition region and the corona. Assuming the non-thermal broadening is caused by the presence of Alfvén waves, we also determined the associated wave energy densities. Our results show that, with a non-thermal velocity of $\sim$23 kms$^{-1}$ the Sun-as-a-star results are in very good agreement with values obtained from spatially-resolved solar observations. The non-thermal broadening in our sample show correlation to stellar rotation, with the strength of the non-thermal velocity decreasing with decreasing rotation rate. Finally, the non-thermal velocity in cool Sun-like stars varies with atmospheric height or temperature of the emission lines, and peaks at transition region temperatures. This points towards a solar-like Alfvén wave driven heating in stellar atmospheres. However, the peak is at a lower temperature in some cool stars suggesting that, other magnetic process such as flaring events could also dominate.
description: 13 pages, 8 Figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Spin and valley quantum Hall ferromagnetism in graphene
Creators: name: Young, Andrea F.
name: Dean, Cory R.
name: Wang, Lei
name: Ren, Hechen
name: Cadden-Zimansky, Paul
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Hone, James
name: Shepard, Kenneth L.
name: Kim, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a graphene Landau level (LL), strong Coulomb interactions and the fourfold spin/valley degeneracy lead to an approximate SU(4) isospin symmetry. At partial filling, exchange interactions can spontaneously break this symmetry, manifesting as additional integer quantum Hall plateaus outside the normal sequence. Here we report the observation of a large number of these quantum Hall isospin ferromagnetic (QHIFM) states, which we classify according to their real spin structure using temperature-dependent tilted field magnetotransport. The large measured activation gaps confirm the Coulomb origin of the broken symmetry states, but the order is strongly dependent on LL index. In the high energy LLs, the Zeeman effect is the dominant aligning field, leading to real spin ferromagnets with Skyrmionic excitations at half filling, whereas in the `relativistic' zero energy LL, lattice scale anisotropies drive the system to a spin unpolarized state, likely a charge- or spin-density wave.
description: Supplementary information available at http://pico.phys.columbia.edu
Implications of curriculum change for the junior high school media center in Alberta: as indicated through an analysis of the grade seven social studies curriculum
Creators: name: Lipnicka, Mary Beatrice
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1974
Subjects: subject: LB 3044 L54 1974 Microfiche
subject: Instructional materials centers
subject: School libraries

description: Bibliography: p. 89-95.
Seminário "Metrologia Ambiental aplicada à Instrumentação Meteorológica"
Creators: name: Santana, Márcio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: calibração
sensores meteorológicos
metrologia ambiental

description: Seminário “Metrologia Ambiental aplicada à Instrumentação Meteorológica” UFBA / PEI, Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Industrial. Disciplina: Análise de dados e estimação de parâmetros. Novembro, 2020.
Molecular and biochemical characterization of the role of the Cucumber necrosis virus coat protein in particle structure and subcellular targeting
Creators: name: Hui, Elizabeth Lai-Wun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The Cucumber necrosis virus (CNV) particle is a T = 3 icosahedron composed of 180 identical coat protein (CP) subunits. Each subunit consists of: an RNA binding domain (R); a S domain that forms the shell and a protruding domain (P) that projects from the particle surface. The R and S domains are connected by a 34 aa arm. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the CP N-terminal region in particle structure and subcellular targeting. Results of deletion CP mutant analyses indicate that mutants lacking the β region of the arm are capable of producing particles in infected plants; however, mutants lacking the complete arm or the ε region do not produce particles. β deletion mutant particles are less thermally stable and, under conditions where wild-type CNV particles “swell”, β(-) mutant particles disassemble, reinforcing the role of the β region in particle stability. In addition, it was found that β(-) mutant particles bind fungal zoospores less efficiently and are not fungally transmissible. GFP fusion protein constructs of CP R and arm deletion mutants were used in agro-infiltration and confocal analyses to assess the role of these regions in subcellular targeting. The studies show that specific regions in the CP N-terminus are involved in mitochondrial and chloroplast targeting. Western blot and organellar subfractionation studies show that the R domain associates with the mitochondrial inner membrane and that the C-terminal 27 aa of the arm along with the first four aa of the S domain are sufficient for targeting fusion proteins to the chloroplast stroma. In addition, a 22 aa region at the N-terminus of the S domain facilitates entry of the respective fusion proteins into the chloroplast stroma and mitochondrial matrix. The arm region of R/arm/S₂₂ GFP fusion protein associates with both mitochondria and chloroplasts; these results suggest a novel mode of dual-targeting. Together, these results demonstrate a multifunctional role for the N-terminal region of the CNV CP in virus structure and function. The possible role of subcellular targeting in virus assembly and disassembly is discussed.
Atmospheric reactions of sulfur dioxide and monoterpenes
Creators: name: Boyle, John M.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: TD 885.5 S8 B69 1975 Microfiche
subject: Sulphur dioxide
subject: Atmospheric ozone
subject: Oxidation
subject: Photochemistry

description: Bibliography: p. 86-97.
A Broadband Study of the Emission from the Composite Supernova Remnant MSH 11-62
Creators: name: Slane, Patrick
name: Hughes, John P.
name: Temim, Tea
name: Rousseau, Romain
name: Castro, Daniel
name: Foight, Dillon
name: Gaensler, B. M.
name: Funk, Stefan
name: Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne
name: Gelfand, Joseph D.
name: Moffett, David A.
name: Dodson, Richard G.
name: Bernstein, Joseph P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MSH 11-62 (G291.1-0.9) is a composite supernova remnant for which radio and X-ray observations have identified the remnant shell as well as its central pulsar wind nebula. The observations suggest a relatively young system expanding into a low density region. Here we present a study of MSH 11-62 using observations with the Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Fermi observatories, along with radio observations from the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). We identify a compact X-ray source that appears to be the putative pulsar that powers the nebula, and show that the X-ray spectrum of the nebula bears the signature of synchrotron losses as particles diffuse into the outer nebula. Using data from the Fermi LAT, we identify gamma-ray emission originating from MSH 11-62. With density constraints from the new X-ray measurements of the remnant, we model the evolution of the composite system in order to constrain the properties of the underlying pulsar and the origin of the gamma-ray emission.
description: 12 Pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Spectral Type and Geometric Albedo of (98943) 2001 CC21, the Hayabusa2# Mission Target
Creators: name: Geem, Jooyeon
name: Ishiguro, Masateru
name: Granvik, Mikael
name: Naito, Hiroyuki
name: Akitaya, Hiroshi
name: Sekiguchi, Tomohiko
name: Hasegawa, Sunao
name: Kuroda, Daisuke
name: Oono, Tatsuharu
name: Bach, Yoonsoo P.
name: Jin, Sunho
name: Imazawa, Ryo
name: Kawabata, Koji S.
name: Takagi, Seiko
name: Yoshikawa, Makoto
name: Djupvik, Anlaug A.
name: Gadeberg, Julie Thiim
name: Pursimo, Tapio
name: Pedros, Oliver Durfeldt
name: Thomsen, Jeppe Sinkbaek
name: Gray, Zuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conducted optical polarimetry and near-infrared spectroscopy of JAXA's Hayabusa2# mission target, (98943) 2001 CC21, in early 2023. Our new observations indicated that this asteroid has a polarimetric inversion angle of ~21 deg, absorption bands around 0.9 and 1.9 um, and a geometric albedo of 0.285 +- 0.083. All these features are consistent with those of S-type but inconsistent with L-type. Based on this evidence, we conclude that JAXA's Hayabusa2# spacecraft will explore an S-type asteroid with albedo and size (0.42-0.56 km when we assume the absolute magnitude of 18.6) similar to (25143) Itokawa.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, Submitted to MNRAS Letter on 2023 April 3
The Extent to which subject versus experimenter control: graduated versus non-graduated time exposure and corresponding feedback are effective in fear reduction
Creators: name: Hepner, Alain
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1974
Subjects: subject: BF 575 F2 H47 1973 Microfiche
subject: Fear
subject: Psychology, Physiological
subject: Behavior modification
subject: Conditioned response

description: Bibliography: p. 48-52.
استراتيجية التحول الرقمي في الدولة المصرية وسُبل تعزيز تطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعى
Creators: name: Ramez Salah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Digital Tansformation, The Egyptian state, Strategy, Political System, Artificial intelligence

description: The research addresses the digital transformation of the Egyptian state as an important means of achieving political and economic integration, and thus the development of the Egyptian political system. The meaning of digital transformation, the digital economy, as well as artificial intelligence is presented. The dimensions of this digital transformation in the Egyptian state strategy, knowledge of the role of digital transformation in the financial integration of the Egyptian state, the objectives of digital transformation in the Egyptian state and the digital transformation processes in the various sectors of government, as well as the challenges of implementing this digital transformation, and ways to enhance the applications of artificial intelligence in the Egyptian state.
 Keywords: - Digital Transformation - The Egyptian State - Strategy - Artificial Intelligence.
Extensional Flow of a Free Film of Nematic Liquid Crystal with Moderate Elasticity
Creators: name: Taranchuk, M. J.
name: Cummings, L. J.
name: Driscoll, T. A.
name: Braun, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by problems arising in tear film dynamics, we present a model for the extensional flow of thin sheets of nematic liquid crystal. The rod-like molecules of these substances impart an elastic contribution to its response. We rescale a weakly elastic model due to Cummings et al. [European Journal of Applied Mathematics 25 (2014): 397-423] to describe a case of moderate elasticity. The resulting system of two nonlinear partial differential equations for sheet thickness and axial velocity is nonlinear and fourth order in space, but still represents a significant reduction of the full system. We analyze solutions arising from several different boundary conditions, motivated by the underlying application, with particular focus on dynamics and underlying mechanisms under stretching. We solve the system numerically, via collocation with either finite difference or Chebyshev spectral discretization in space, together with implicit time stepping. At early times, depending on the initial film shape, pressure either aids or opposes extensional flow, which changes the shape of the sheet and may result in the loss of a minimum or maximum at the moving end. We contrast this finding with the cases of weak elasticity and Newtonian flow, where the sheet retains all extrema from the initial condition throughout time.
description: Copyright (2023) M.J. Taranchuk, L.J. Cummings, T.A. Driscoll, and R.J. Braun. This article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) License. The following article has been submitted to Physics of Fluids. After it is published, it will be found at https://aip.scitation.org/journal/phf
Reaction kinetics of CN + toluene and its implication on the productions of aromatic nitriles in the Taurus molecular cloud and Titan's atmosphere
Creators: name: Wu, Mengqi
name: Wu, Xiaoqing
name: Hou, Qifeng
name: Huang, Jiangbin
name: Zhao, Dongfeng
name: Zhang, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reactions between cyano radical and aromatic hydrocarbons are believed to be important pathways for the formation of aromatic nitriles in the interstellar medium (ISM) including those identified in the Taurus molecular cloud (TMC-1). Aromatic nitriles might participate in the formation of polycyclic aromatic nitrogen containing hydrocarbons (PANHs) in Titan's atmosphere. Here, ab initio kinetics simulations reveal a high efficiency of $\rm \sim10^{-10}~cm^{3}~s^{-1}$ and the competition of the different products of 30-1800 K and $10^{-7}$-100 atm of the CN + toluene reaction. In the star-forming region of TMC-1 environment, the product yields of benzonitrile and tolunitriles for CN reacting with toluene may be approximately 17$\%$ and 83$\%$, respectively. The detection of main products, tolunitriles, can serve as proxies for the undetected toluene in the ISM due to their much larger dipole moments. The competition between bimolecular and unimolecular products is extremely intense under the warmer and denser PANH forming region of Titan's stratosphere. The computational results show that the fractions of tolunitriles, adducts, and benzonitrile are 19$\%$-68$\%$, 15$\%$-64$\%$ and 17$\%$, respectively, at 150-200 K and 0.0001-0.001 atm (Titan's stratosphere). Then, benzonitrile and tolunitriles may contribute to the formation of PANHs by consecutive $\rm C_{2}H$ additions. Kinetic information of aromatic nitriles for the CN + toluene reaction calculated here helps to explain the formation mechanism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or PANHs under different interstellar environments and constrains corresponding astrochemical models.
Resonant magnetic exciton mode in the heavy-fermion antiferromagnet CeB6
Creators: name: Friemel, G.
name: Li, Yuan
name: Dukhnenko, A. V.
name: Shitsevalova, N. Yu.
name: Sluchanko, N. E.
name: Ivanov, A.
name: Filipov, V. B.
name: Keimer, B.
name: Inosov, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resonant magnetic excitations are widely recognized as hallmarks of unconventional superconductivity in copper oxides, iron pnictides, and heavy-fermion compounds. Numerous model calculations have related these modes to the microscopic properties of the pair wave function, but the mechanisms underlying their formation are still debated. Here we report the discovery of a similar resonant mode in the non-superconducting, antiferromagnetically ordered heavy-fermion metal CeB6. Unlike conventional magnons, the mode is non-dispersive, and its intensity is sharply concentrated around a wave vector separate from those characterizing the antiferromagnetic order. The magnetic intensity distribution rather suggests that the mode is associated with a coexisting order parameter of the unusual antiferro-quadrupolar phase of CeB6, which has long remained "hidden" to the neutron-scattering probes. The mode energy increases continuously below the onset temperature for antiferromagnetism, in parallel to the opening of a nearly isotropic spin gap throughout the Brillouin zone. These attributes bear strong similarity to those of the resonant modes observed in unconventional superconductors below their critical temperatures. This unexpected commonality between the two disparate ground states indicates the dominance of itinerant spin dynamics in the ordered low-temperature phases of CeB6 and throws new light on the interplay between antiferromagnetism, superconductivity, and "hidden" order parameters in correlated-electron materials.
Incremental stimulus intensity effect and habituation of autnomic nervous system components of the orienting reflex
Creators: name: Wilson, Barry G.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1977
Subjects: subject: QP 372 W55 1977 Microfiche
subject: Reflexes
subject: Habituation (Neuropsychology)
subject: Orientation

description: Bibliography: p. 129-132.
On varieties with higher osculating defect
Creators: name: De Poi, Pietro
name: Di Gennaro, Roberta
name: Ilardi, Giovanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 53A20. Secondary: 14N15, 51N35

description: In this paper, using the method of moving frames, we generalise some of Terracini's results on varieties with tangent defect. In particular, we characterise varieties with higher order osculating defect in terms of Jacobians of higher fundamental forms and moreover we characterise varieties with "small" higher fundamental forms as contained in scrolls.
description: AMS-LaTeX; 17 pages. To appear in Revista Matem\'atica Iberoam\'ericana
Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). Complex Kinematics in the AS 209 Disk Induced by a Forming Planet and Disk Winds
Creators: name: Galloway-Sprietsma, Maria
name: Bae, Jaehan
name: Teague, Richard
name: Benisty, Myriam
name: Facchini, Stefano
name: Aikawa, Yuri
name: Alarcón, Felipe
name: Andrews, Sean M.
name: Bergin, Edwin
name: Cataldi, Gianni
name: Cleeves, L. Ilsedore
name: Czekala, Ian
name: Guzmán, Viviana V.
name: Huang, Jane
name: Law, Charles J.
name: Gal, Romane Le
name: Liu, Yao
name: Long, Feng
name: Ménard, François
name: Öberg, Karin I.
name: Walsh, Catherine
name: Wilner, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the kinematics of the AS 209 disk using the J=2-1 transitions of $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO, and C$^{18}$O. We derive the radial, azimuthal, and vertical velocity of the gas, taking into account the lowered emission surface near the annular gap at ~1.7 (200 au) within which a candidate circumplanetary disk-hosting planet has been reported previously. In $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO, we find a coherent upward flow arising from the gap. The upward gas flow is as fast as $150~{\rm m~s}^{-1}$ in the regions traced by $^{12}$CO emission, which corresponds to about 50% of the local sound speed or $6\%$ of the local Keplerian speed. Such an upward gas flow is difficult to reconcile with an embedded planet alone. Instead, we propose that magnetically driven winds via ambipolar diffusion are triggered by the low gas density within the planet-carved gap, dominating the kinematics of the gap region. We estimate the ambipolar Elsasser number, Am, using the HCO$^+$ column density as a proxy for ion density and find that Am is ~0.1 at the radial location of the upward flow. This value is broadly consistent with the value at which numerical simulations find ambipolar diffusion drives strong winds. We hypothesize the activation of magnetically-driven winds in a planet-carved gap can control the growth of the embedded planet. We provide a scaling relationship which describes the wind-regulated terminal mass: adopting parameters relevant to 100 au from a solar-mass star, we find the wind-regulated terminal mass is about one Jupiter mass, which may help explain the dearth of directly imaged super-Jovian-mass planets.
description: This paper has been accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal (ApJ)
Study on initial geometry fluctuations via participant plane correlations in heavy ion collisions: part II
Creators: name: Jia, Jiangyong
name: Teaney, Derek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Further investigation of the participant plane correlations within a Glauber model framework is presented, focusing on correlations between three or four participant planes of different order. A strong correlation is observed for $\cos(2Φ_{2}^*+3Φ_{3}^*-5Φ_{5}^*)$ which is a reflection of the elliptic shape of the overlap region. The correlation between the corresponding experimental reaction plane angles can be easily measured. Strong correlations of similar geometric origin are also observed for $\cos(2Φ_{2}^*+4Φ_{4}^*-6Φ_{6}^*)$, $\cos(2Φ_2^*-3Φ_3^*-4Φ_4^*+5Φ_5^*)$, $\cos(6Φ_2^*+3Φ_3^*-4Φ_4^*-5Φ_5^*)$, $\cos(Φ_1^*-2Φ_2^*-3Φ_3^*+4Φ_4^*)$, $\cos(Φ_1^*+6Φ_2^*-3Φ_3^*-4Φ_4^*)$, and $\cos(Φ_1^*+2Φ_2^*+3Φ_3^*-6Φ_6^*)$, which are also measurable. Experimental measurements of the corresponding reaction plane correlators in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC may improve our understanding of the physics underlying the measured higher order flow harmonics.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Resource-efficient digital characterization and control of classical non-Gaussian noise
Creators: name: Dong, Wenzheng
name: Paz-Silva, Gerardo A.
name: Viola, Lorenza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show the usefulness of frame-based characterization and control [PRX Quantum 2, 030315 (2021)] for non-Markovian open quantum systems subject to classical non-Gaussian dephasing. By focusing on the paradigmatic case of random telegraph noise and working in a digital window frame, we demonstrate how to achieve higher-order control-adapted spectral estimation for noise-optimized dynamical decoupling design. We find that, depending on the operating parameter regime, control that is optimized based on non-Gaussian noise spectroscopy can substantially outperform standard Walsh decoupling sequences as well as sequences that are optimized based solely on Gaussian noise spectroscopy. This approach is also intrinsically more resource-efficient than frequency-domain comb-based methods.
"I don't want to die, but I accept that it can happen" : taking risks and doing gender among BASE jumpers
Creators: name: Forsey, Caitlin Andrea
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Using ethnographic data generated through semi-structured interviews with 16 male BASE jumpers, observations of over 1000 BASE jumps (parachuting from fixed objects such as Buildings, Antennas, Spans and Earth), and textual analyses of BASE-related websites, images, and publications, this research provides a sociocultural analysis of the relationship between masculinity and voluntary risk-taking. Drawing on wider debates about modernization, individualization, technology, gender relations, embodiment, and the sociology of the everyday, I illustrate the multifaceted nature of this phenomenon, in addition to the advantages of using a theoretically diverse approach. I link the emergence of BASE jumping in contemporary Western society to military history and the synthesis of two extreme sports, namely, bungee jumping and skydiving. I explore the practices, ethics, technologies, and mentoring styles specific to the practice, with the goal of demonstrating how BASE jumping integrates individuals into social groups. An analysis of the gender regime operating within the BASE community reveals tensions between engagement in the practice and issues of responsibility related to fatherhood, marriage, and other intimate relations. My findings further suggest BASE jumping provides a forum for learning, practicing, and perfecting valued skills within the localized field of the BASE community, in addition to other spheres of personal and professional life. Taken together, these insights provide a deeper understanding of gendered participation in the high-risk activity of BASE jumping, thereby addressing an important lacuna in the voluntary risk-taking and extreme sport literatures.
Ising superconductivity: a first-principles perspective
Creators: name: Wickramaratne, Darshana
name: Mazin, Igor I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of Ising superconductivity has garnered a lot of interest due in part to the resilience of these superconductors to large in-plane magnetic fields. In this Perspective we explain the basic concepts that define the behavior of Ising superconductors, provide an overview of the electronic structure and magnetic properties with a focus on NbSe$_2$, summarize key experimental observations that have been made in this class of superconductors, highlight the role that defects and proximity-induced effects at interfaces have on Ising superconductivity and finally discuss the prospects for observing Ising superconductivity in bulk materials.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Irreducible Scalar Many-Body Casimir Energies: Theorems and Numerical Studies
Creators: name: Schaden, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define irreducible N-body spectral functions and Casimir energies and consider a massless scalar quantum field interacting locally by positive potentials with classical objects. Irreducible N-body spectral functions in this case are shown to be conditional probabilities of random walks. The corresponding irreducible contributions to scalar many-body Casimir energies are finite and positive/negative for an odd/even number of objects. The force between any two finite objects separable by a plane is always attractive in this case. Analytical and numerical world-line results for the irreducible four-body Casimir energy of a scalar with Dirichlet boundary conditions on a tic-tac-toe pattern of lines are presented. Numerical results for the irreducible three-body Casimir energy of a massless scalar satisfying Dirichlet boundary conditions on three intersecting lines forming an isosceles triangle are also reported. In both cases the symmetric configuration (square and isosceles triangle) corresponds to the minimal irreducible contribution to the Casimir energy.
description: Writeup of talk given at QFEXT11 (Sept.18-24) in Benasque, Spain. 10 pages, 3 figures
Novel resistive charge-multipliers for dual-phase LAr-TPCs: towards stable operation at higher gains
Creators: name: Tesi, A.
name: Moleri, L.
name: Leardini, S.
name: Breskin, A.
name: Gonzalez-Diaz, D.
name: Olano-Vegas, L.
name: Jash, A.
name: Bressler, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cryogenic versions of Resistive WELL (RWELL) and Resistive Plate WELL (RPWELL) detectors have been developed, aimed at stable avalanche multiplication of ionization electrons in dual-phase TPCs. In the RWELL, a thin resistive layer deposited on top of an insulator is inserted in between the electron multiplier (THGEM) and the readout anode; in the RPWELL, a resistive plate is directly coupled to the THGEM. Radiation-induced ionization electrons in the liquid are extracted into the gaseous phase. They drift into the THGEM's holes where they undergo charge multiplication. Embedding resistive materials into the multiplier proved to enhance operation stability due to the mitigation of electrical discharges - thus allowing operation at higher charge gain compared to standard THGEM (a.k.a. LEM) multipliers. We present the detector concepts and report on the main preliminary results.
Supersolid phase and magnetization plateaus observed in anisotropic spin-3/2 Heisenberg model on bipartite lattices
Creators: name: Romhanyi, Judit
name: Pollmann, Frank
name: Penc, Karlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spin-3/2 Heisenberg model including easy-plane and exchange anisotropies in one and two dimensions. In the Ising limit, when the off-diagonal exchange interaction J is zero, the phase diagram in magnetic field is characterized by magnetization plateaus that are either translationally invariant or have a two-sublattice order, with phase boundaries that are macroscopically degenerate. Using a site factorized variational wave function and perturbational expansion around the Ising limit, we find that superfluid and supersolid phases emerge between the plateaus for small finite values of J. The variational approach is complemented by a Density Matrix Renormalization Group study of a one-dimensional chain and exact diagonalization calculations on small clusters of a square lattice. The studied model may serve as a minimal model for the layered Ba2CoGe2O7 material compound, and we believe that the vicinity of the uniform 1/3 plateau in the model parameter space can be observed as an anomaly in the measured magnetization curve.
description: 16 pages, 17 figures