cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On a new species of the genus Lytocestus, Cohn, 1908 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea) from Wallago attu from Terna river at Aurad, India.
Creators: name: Shaikh, Ishrat
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Veterinary parasitology

description: Nineteen specimens of cestode parasites, were collected from the intestine of Wallogo attu. The worms are stained with Harris Haematoxylin and prepared whole mount slides, in D.P.X. All measurements are in mm.
Supplemental Fig. 4 from Three-dimensional myocardial strain correlates with murine left ventricular remodelling severity post-infarction.
Creators: name: Soepriatna, Arvin H.
name: A. Kevin Yeh
name: Clifford, Abigail D.
name: Bezci, Semih E.
name: O'Connell, Grace D.
name: Goergen, Craig J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biological Engineering
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: Representative day 28 long-axis ultrasound images (top), 3D surface strains (middle), and bullseye strain maps (bottom) of the remodeled LVs for all five mice in the PL group. The akinetic myocardium is marked in dashed yellow lines, the strain estimated infarct boundary is outlined in solid black line, and the wall-thinned infarct boundary is marked in dotted white line. Sternal artifact is shaded in gray with black dashed border. Scalebar: 1mm.
Continued PSP/WISPR Observations of a Phaethon-related Dust Trail
Creators: name: Battams, Karl
name: Gutarra-Leon, Angel J.
name: Gallagher, Brendan M.
name: Knight, Matthew M.
name: Stenborg, Guillermo
name: Tanner, Sarah
name: Linton, Mark G.
name: Szalay, Jamey R.
name: Kelley, Michael S. P.
name: Howard, Russell A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an update to the first white-light detections of a dust trail observed closely following the orbit of asteroid (3200) Phaethon, as seen by the Wide-field Imager for Parker Solar Probe (WISPR) instrument on the NASA Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission. Here we provide a summary and analysis of observations of the dust trail over nine separate mission encounters between October 2018 and August 2021 that saw the spacecraft approach to within 0.0277 au of the orbit of Phaethon. We find the photometric and estimated dust mass properties to be inline with those in the initial publication, with a visual (V) magnitude of approximately 16.1$\pm$0.3 per pixel, corresponding to a surface brightness of 26.1 mag arcsec$^{-2}$, and an estimated mass of dust within the range $10^{10}$ kg - $10^{12}$ kg depending on the assumed dust properties. However, the key finding of this survey is the discovery that the dust trail does not perfectly follow the orbit of Phaethon, with a clear separation noted between them that increases as a function of true anomaly, though the trail may differ from Phaethon's orbit by as little as 1-degree in periapsis.
description: 25 pages, 14 figures; Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal (Jul 25, 2022)
Views of Breastfeeding in Public among Informally-Working Mothers of Infants under 6 Months in Moshi Urban District, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania: A Qualitative Study
Creators: name: Grounds, Samantha
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Background: Optimal infant feeding practices include exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for 6 months, which necessitates breastfeeding infants regularly throughout the day. It is a common practice for women working in the informal sector to bring their infants to work with them, which typically requires breastfeeding in public settings. Women’s views and feelings towards breastfeeding in public can be a barrier to achieving optimal breastfeeding recommendations.
Objective: To understand the views surrounding breastfeeding in public among mothers working in the informal sector in Moshi Urban District, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania.
Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted among 20 women who work in the informal sector, have infants <6 months of age, and were breastfeeding their infants. 
Results: Many women reported negative views towards breastfeeding in public, and evil eye, that is, of having someone look at the infant when breastfeeding and cause some sort of affliction, was the most cited concern. Participants described multiple strategies for addressing evil eye. However, not all women reported believing in evil eye or using these strategies, and a few participants appeared to have no major issues with breastfeeding in public. Participants reported multiple 
strategies for breastfeeding in public, such as moving aside and using coverings. 
Conclusion: It is important to create public environments where mothers feel comfortable breastfeeding as well as to counsel mothers on how to breastfeed when outside the home and promote awareness and acceptability of breastfeeding in public to support mothers. Healthcare providers should understand evil eye beliefs and the role they play in infant feeding. Future research should evaluate community views and assess the relationship between mothers’ infant feeding practices and their views towards breastfeeding in public.
Design considerations for buckling of composite cylindrical shells on elastic foundations
Creators: name: Ansari, Mohammad
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: Engineering

description: Cylindrical shell structures are widely used in aerospace engineering, and buckling considerations often drive their design. However, cylindrical shell structures under compression loading are highly sensitive to imperfections of different nature. Indeed, geometrical, material, loading and boundary imperfections can severely reduce their load-carrying capability. Despite considerable research devoted to geometrical imperfections, relatively little attention has been given to the effects of boundary imperfections on the buckling load of cylindrical shell structures. However, boundary imperfections can reduce the buckling load by more than 50%. As a result, investigating both the effects of boundary imperfections and the stiffness of the cylinder's surrounding structure becomes important for more accurate predictions of their buckling loads. Therefore, this thesis addresses the effects of boundary conditions and elastic edge support on the buckling behaviour of composite cylindrical shells under axial compression. First, the buckling behaviour of a fully homogenised quasi-isotropic cylindrical shell structure under compression is investigated under several combinations of boundary conditions. Besides these considerations, three different knockdown expressions for axial, radial and tangential elastic foundations are developed to assist designers in estimating the critical buckling load of thin cylindrical shells with elastic foundations. In addition, the presence of bend/twist anisotropy effects in combination with boundary conditions can reduce the critical buckling load of quasi-isotropic composite cylindrical shells by 61%. As a result, a thorough investigation is conducted for laminates with low, medium and high levels of bend/twist anisotropy. Furthermore, new empirical formulae are devised for axial, radial, and tangential elastic foundations to compute the upper and lower bounds of the critical buckling load, representing various boundary conditions at the ends of the cylinder. Finally, potting supports around cylindrical shells are widely used to apply a uniform compression load and avoid edge crippling during laboratory testing. Therefore, the effect of potting single-sided potting and double-sided potting was investigated and found to significantly alter the buckling response of cylinder under axial compression by changing the nature of the boundary conditions.
Move Like Water
Creators: name: Autry, Nya
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Move Like Water is a collection of six short stories. The collection is being submitted to The Department of English and Comparative Literature and UNC Chapel Hill as an Honors Thesis. Move Like Water is about separate versions of life that are connected by the uncontrollability of the cosmos. It's about adapting to whatever situation you're in and learning to flow with the current, to move like water.
Supplemental Fig. 6 from 3D myocardial strain correlates with murine left ventricular remodelling severity post-infarction
Creators: name: Soepriatna, Arvin H.
name: A. Kevin Yeh
name: Clifford, Abigail D.
name: Bezci, Semih E.
name: O'Connell, Grace D.
name: Goergen, Craig J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biological Engineering
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: Comparison of maximum principal strains estimated with 3D Direct Deformation Estimation (DDE, solid lines) and Vic2D (dashed lines). Short-axis ultrasound strain data along the anterior (red) and posterior (blue) myocardial walls are shown at baseline and at day 28 post-permanent ligation. Although both 3D-DDE and Vic2D demonstrated significantly lower strain values along the infarcted, anterior myocardium post-surgery, the 3D-DDE method more appropriately tracked changes in myocardial strain, as strain values returned to 0 at the end of the cardiac cycle.
The Infrared Medium-deep Survey. IX. Discovery of Two New $z\sim6$ Quasars and Space Density down to $M_{1450}\sim-23.5$ mag
Creators: name: Kim, Yongjung
name: Im, Myungshin
name: Jeon, Yiseul
name: Kim, Minjin
name: Jiang, Linhua
name: Shin, Suhyun
name: Choi, Changsu
name: Hyun, Minhee
name: Jun, Hyunsung D.
name: Kim, Dohyeong
name: Kim, Duho
name: Kim, Jae-Woo
name: Kim, Ji Hoon
name: Lee, Bumhyun
name: Lee, Seong-Kook
name: Molina, Juan
name: Pak, Soojong
name: Park, Won-Kee
name: Taak, Yoon Chan
name: Yoon, Yongmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the result of the Infrared Medium-deep Survey (IMS) $z\sim6$ quasar survey, using the combination of the IMS near-infrared images and the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS) optical images. The traditional color-selection method results in 25 quasar candidates over $86$ deg$^{2}$. We introduce the corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) with the high-redshift quasar and late-type star models to prioritize the candidates efficiently. Among the color-selected candidates, seven plausible candidates finally passed the AICc selection of which three are known quasars at $z\sim6$. The follow-up spectroscopic observations for the remaining four candidates were carried out, and we confirmed that two out of four are $z\sim6$ quasars. With this complete sample, we revisited the quasar space density at $z\sim6$ down to $M_{1450}\sim-23.5$ mag. Our result supports the low quasar space density at the luminosity where the quasar's ultraviolet ionizing emissivity peaks, favoring a minor contribution of quasars to the cosmic reionization.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in AJ
(692) Mary [Davison]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Homefront
Creators: name: Timothy Sloan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: "Homefront" is a collection of fictional stories about United States Marines returning from a 2013 deployment to Helmand Province, Afghanistan. Each of the four primary characters has a short story dedicated to their unique perspective and struggles post-deployment. These struggles include difficulties adjusting to the United States, relationship issues, trauma from the deployment, family conflict, and other topics. While these stories and characters are fictional, the collection aims to capture some of the unique circumstances military members may go through when returning home during the later years of the United States' War on Terror.
Supplemental Fig. 5 from 3D myocardial strain correlates with murine left ventricular remodelling severity post-infarction
Creators: name: Soepriatna, Arvin H.
name: A. Kevin Yeh
name: Clifford, Abigail D.
name: Bezci, Semih E.
name: O'Connell, Grace D.
name: Goergen, Craig J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biological Engineering
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: Representative day-28 maximum principal 3D strains are presented along the entire thickness of the LV wall for each surgical group. Yellow and blue regions correspond to areas of high and low strains respectively. A: anterior, S: septal, L: lateral; B: base. Scalebar: 1mm.
The ALMA Survey of 70 μm Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). VI. The core-scale CO-depletion
Creators: name: Sabatini, Giovanni
name: Bovino, Stefano
name: Sanhueza, Patricio
name: Morii, Kaho
name: Li, Shanghuo
name: Redaelli, Elena
name: Zhang, Qizhou
name: Lu, Xing
name: Feng, Siyi
name: Tafoya, Daniel
name: Izumi, Natsuko
name: Sakai, Takeshi
name: Tatematsu, Kenichi
name: Allingham, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studying the physical and chemical properties of cold and dense molecular clouds is crucial for the understanding of how stars form. Under the typical conditions of infrared dark clouds, CO is removed from the gas phase and trapped on to the surface of dust grains by the so-called depletion process. This suggests that the CO depletion factor ($f_{\rm D}$) can be a useful chemical indicator for identifying cold and dense regions (i.e., prestellar cores). We have used the 1.3 mm continuum and C$^{18}$O(2-1) data observed at the resolution of $\sim$5000 au in the ALMA Survey of 70 $μ$m Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES) to construct averaged maps of $f_{\rm D}$ in twelve clumps to characterise the earliest stages of the high-mass star formation process. The average $f_{\rm D}$ determined for 277 of the 294 ASHES cores follows an unexpected increase from the prestellar to the protostellar stage. If we exclude the temperature effect due to the slight variations in the NH$_3$ kinetic temperature among different cores, we explain this result as a dependence primarily on the average gas density, which increases in cores where protostellar conditions prevail. This shows that $f_{\rm D}$ determined in high-mass star-forming regions at the core scale is insufficient to distinguish among prestellar and protostellar conditions for the individual cores, and should be complemented by information provided by additional tracers. However, we confirm that the clump-averaged $f_{\rm D}$ values correlates with the luminosity-to-mass ratio of each source, which is known to trace the evolution of the star formation process.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal (ApJ)
(693) Henry Whitely
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Adaptation of the Rao-Wu rescaling bootstrap for seroprevalence estimation in complex survey studies
Creators: name: Vias, Nishma P
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted a need for accurate seroprevalence estimators in order to monitor virus transmission and mortality rates. Furthermore, seroprevalence data is used to inform public health policy. Adjustments for diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity in seroprevalence estimation are complicated by concerns regarding proper confidence interval (CI) coverage and width given that the proportion of a population considered seropositive may be relatively small. As such, these methods are not widely implemented at present, particularly for complex survey studies. This paper presents a two-stage, non-parametric bootstrap method, adapted from the Rao-Wu rescaling bootstrap, for adjusted CI construction. Simulation of a stratified, multi-stage cluster sample was conducted to assess the performance of the proposed method as measured by empirical bias, 95% CI coverage, and CI width. Across 500 simulations, the mean empirical bias was 0.0008 (range, -0.0411–0.0348), the CI empirical coverage was 95.6%, and CI width was 0.0487. Further application of the proposed method to preliminary study data from a Chatham County, North Carolina seroprevalence study demonstrated directionally appropriate adjustments for the diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity. The proposed method, paired with the Rogan-Gladen estimator for true prevalence, will allow for sensitivity-specificity adjusted seroprevalence estimation in complex survey designs while minimizing the CI width and coverage issues that are common for small proportions.
(690) George Stead
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplemental Fig. 4 from 3D myocardial strain correlates with murine left ventricular remodelling severity post-infarction
Creators: name: Soepriatna, Arvin H.
name: A. Kevin Yeh
name: Clifford, Abigail D.
name: Bezci, Semih E.
name: O'Connell, Grace D.
name: Goergen, Craig J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biological Engineering
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: Representative day 28 long-axis ultrasound images (top), 3D surface strains (middle), and bullseye strain maps (bottom) of the remodeled LVs for all five mice in the PL group. The akinetic myocardium is marked in dashed yellow lines, the strain estimated infarct boundary is outlined in solid black line, and the wall-thinned infarct boundary is marked in dotted white line. Sternal artifact is shaded in gray with black dashed border. Scalebar: 1mm.
(691) George Stead
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Global Modeling of Nebulae With Particle Growth, Drift, and Evaporation Fronts. II. The Influence of Porosity on Solids Evolution
Creators: name: Estrada, Paul R.
name: Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
name: Umurhan, Orkan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Incremental particle growth in turbulent protoplanetary nebulae is limited by a combination of barriers that can slow or stall growth. Moreover, particles that grow massive enough to decouple from the gas are subject to inward radial drift which could lead to the depletion of most disk solids before planetesimals can form. Compact particle growth is probably not realistic. Rather, it is more likely that grains grow as fractal aggregates which may overcome this so-called radial drift barrier because they remain more coupled to the gas than compact particles of equal mass. We model fractal aggregate growth and compaction in a viscously evolving solar-like nebula for a range of turbulent intensities $α_{\rm{t}} = 10^{-5}-10^{-2}$. We do find that radial drift is less influential for porous aggregates over much of their growth phase; however, outside the water snowline fractal aggregates can grow to much larger masses with larger Stokes numbers more quickly than compact particles, leading to rapid inward radial drift. As a result, disk solids outside the snowline out to $\sim 10-20$ AU are depleted earlier than in compact growth models, but outside $\sim 20$ AU material is retained much longer because aggregate Stokes numbers there remain lower initially. Nevertheless, we conclude even fractal models will lose most disk solids without the intervention of some leap-frog planetesimal forming mechanism such as the Streaming Instability (SI), though conditions for the SI are generally never satisfied, except for a brief period %for a brief stage around $\sim 0.2$ Myr at the snowline for $α_{\rm{t}}=10^{-5}$.
description: 45 pages, 19 figures, 2 tables
Variational Monte Carlo study of gapless spin liquid in the spin-$1/2$ XXZ antiferromagnetic model on the kagome lattice
Creators: name: Hu, Wen-Jun
name: Gong, Shou-Shu
name: Becca, Federico
name: Sheng, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using the variational Monte Carlo technique, we study the spin-$1/2$ XXZ antiferromagnetic model (with easy-plane anisotropy) on the kagome lattice. A class of Gutzwiller projected fermionic states with a spin Jastrow factor is considered to describe either spin liquids (with $U(1)$ or $Z_2$ symmetry) or magnetically ordered phases (with ${\bf q}=(0,0)$ or ${\bf q}=(4π/3,0)$). We find that the magnetic states are not stable in the thermodynamic limit. Moreover, there is no energy gain to break the gauge symmetry from $U(1)$ to $Z_2$ within the spin-liquid states, as previously found in the Heisenberg model. The best variational wave function is therefore the $U(1)$ Dirac state, supplemented by the spin Jastrow factor. Furthermore, a vanishing $S=2$ spin gap is obtained at the variational level, in the whole regime from the $XY$ to the Heisenberg model.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Global Modeling of Nebulae With Particle Growth, Drift, and Evaporation Fronts. III. Redistribution of Refractories and Volatiles
Creators: name: Estrada, Paul R.
name: Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Formation of the first planetesimals remains an unsolved problem. Growth by sticking must initiate the process, but multiple studies have revealed a series of barriers that can slow or stall growth, most of them due to nebula turbulence. In a companion paper, we study the influence of these barriers on models of fractal aggregate and solid, compact particle growth in a viscously evolving solar-like nebula for a range of turbulent intensities $α_{\rm{t}} = 10^{-5}-10^{-2}$. Here, we examine how disk composition in these same models changes with time. We find that advection and diffusion of small grains and vapor, and radial inward drift for larger compact particles and fractal aggregates, naturally lead to diverse outcomes for planetesimal composition. Larger particles can undergo substantial inward radial migration due to gas drag before being collisionally fragmented or partially evaporating at various temperatures. This leads to enhancement of the associated volatile in both vapor inside, and solids outside, their respective evaporation fronts, or ``snowlines''. In cases of lower $α_{\rm{t}}$, we see narrow belts of volatile or supervolatile material develop in the outer nebula, which could be connected to the bands of ``pebbles" seen by ALMA. Volatile bands, which migrate inwards as the disk cools, can persist over long timescales as their gas phase continues to advect or diffuse outward across its evaporation front. These belts could be sites where supervolatile-rich planetesimals form, such as the rare CO-rich and water-poor comets; giant planets formed just outside the H$_2$O snowline may be enhanced in water.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures and 2 tables
Two Dimensional Configuration and Temporal Evolution of Sparking discharges in Pulsars
Creators: name: Basu, Rahul
name: Melikidze, George I.
name: Mitra, Dipanjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the evolution of a system of sparking discharges in the inner acceleration region (IAR) above the pulsar polar cap. The surface of the polar cap is heated to temperatures around $10^6$ K and forms a partially screened gap (PSG) due to thermionic emission of positively charged ions from the stellar surface. The sparks lag behind the co-rotation speed during their lifetimes due to variable $E$x$B$ drift. In a PSG the sparking discharges arise in locations where the surface temperatures go below the critical level ($T_i$) for ions to freely flow from the surface. The sparking commences due to the large potential drop developing along the magnetic field lines in these lower temperature regions and subsequently the back streaming particles heat the surface to $T_i$. The temperature regulation requires the polar cap to be tightly filled with sparks and a continuous presence of sparks is required around its boundary since no heating is possible from the closed field line region. We have estimated the time evolution of the sparking system in the IAR which shows a gradual shift in the spark formation along two distinct directions resembling clockwise and anti-clockwise motion in two halves of the polar cap. Due to the differential shift of the sparking pattern in the two halves, a central spark develops representing the core emission. The temporal evolution of the sparking process was simulated for different orientations of the non-dipolar polar cap and reproduced the diverse observational features associated with subpulse drifting.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
The Role of Suv39h2 in Heterochromatin Formation
Creators: name: Chiriboga, Guido
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Chromatin functions to package and regulate genomic information within eukaryotic cells and can be present in two distinct states, heterochromatin and euchromatin. Chromatin conformation is dictated by a vast array of epigenetic post-translational modifications (PTMs). One particularly complex PTM is histone tail methylation, catalyzed by histone methyltransferases (HMTs), wherein a single amino acid residue is mono- (me1), di- (me2), or tri- (me3) methylated; each level of methylation contributing to different chromatin states. Histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) is a hallmark of heterochromatin formation and is one of the most abundant and stable modifications characterized. While the effects of HMTs are known, the individual contribution of each HMT remains unidentified. HMTs Suv39h1, SETDB1, and Suv39h2 all lead to H3K9me2 and H3K9me3, but their discrete roles in the establishment of these PTMs remain unclear. Here we laid the groundwork to test and identify the role of Suv39h2, by generating a Suv39h2 knockout (KO) mouse ES cell line using CRISPR-Cas9. While the DNA sequence of the Suv39h2 KO cells showed successful In/Del mutations, western blots indicated retained protein content. In the future, a dCas9-mediated Suv39h2 gene knockdown will be used to generate another mouse ES cell line, and its heterochromatin formation rate will be compared to WT Suv39h2 cells using flow cytometry.
Optimal control of an epidemic model with inclusion of game theory in vaccination
Creators: name: Wang, Wenzhong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: An SIR epidemic model is expanded to include a game theory characterization of changes in human vaccination acceptance. Using the vaccination capacity as a control, we apply optimal control theory to the model and minimize the infected population and social cost simultaneously. We conduct numerical simulations and analyze different scenarios to control COVID-19. Numerical results suggest that the scenario with an optimal control on vaccination capacity may offer a feasible approach for eliminating the epidemic with minimal cost and time. We give a specific vaccination plan based on the optimal control scenario.
Appendices from Posterior-based proposals for speeding up Markov chain Monte Carlo.
Creators: name: C. M. Pooley
name: S. C. Bishop
name: A. Doeschl-Wilson
name: G. Marion
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 10299 Applied Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Provide additional information not contained in the main text.
3D Hydrodynamics of Pre-supernova Outbursts in Convective Red Supergiant Envelopes
Creators: name: Tsang, Benny T. -H.
name: Kasen, Daniel
name: Bildsten, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Eruptive mass loss likely produces the energetic outbursts observed from some massive stars before they undergo core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). The resulting dense circumstellar medium (CSM) may also cause the subsequent SNe to be observed as Type IIn events. The leading hypothesis of the cause of these outbursts is the response of the envelope of the red supergiant (RSG) progenitor to energy deposition in the months to years prior to collapse. Early theoretical studies of this phenomena were limited to 1D, leaving the 3D convective RSG structure unaddressed. Using FLASH's hydrodynamic capabilities, we explore the 3D outcomes by constructing convective RSG envelope models and depositing energies less than the envelope binding energies on timescales shorter than the envelope dynamical time deep within them. We confirm the 1D prediction of an outward moving acoustic pulse steepening into a shock, unbinding the outermost parts of the envelope. However, we find that the initial 2-4 km/s convective motions seed the intrinsic convective instability associated with the high entropy material deep in the envelope, enabling gas from deep within the envelope to escape, increasing the amount of ejected mass compared to an initially "quiescent" envelope. The 3D models reveal a rich density structure, with column densities varying by 10x along different lines of sight. Our work highlights that the 3D convective nature of RSG envelopes impacts our ability to reliably predict the outburst dynamics, the amount, and the spatial distribution of the ejected mass associated with deep energy deposition.
description: 19 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Distributed YSOs in the Perseus Molecular Cloud from the Gaia and LAMOST Surveys
Creators: name: Wang, Xiao-Long
name: Fang, Min
name: Gao, Yu
name: Zhang, Hong-Xin
name: Herczeg, Gregory J.
name: Ma, Hong-Jun
name: Chen, En
name: Zhou, Xing-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Identifying the young optically visible population in a star-forming region is essential for fully understanding the star formation event. In this paper, We identify 211 candidate members of the Perseus molecular cloud based on Gaia astronomy. We use LAMOST spectra to confirm that 51 of these candidates are new members, bringing the total census of known members to 856. The newly confirmed members are less extincted than previously known members. Two new stellar aggregates are identified in our updated census. With the updated member list, we obtain a statistically significant distance gradient of $\rm 4.84\;pc\;deg^{-1}$ from west to east. Distances and extinction corrected color-magnitude diagrams indicate that NGC 1333 is significantly younger than IC 348 and the remaining cloud regions. The disk fraction in NGC 1333 is higher than elsewhere, consistent with its youngest age. The star formation scenario in the Perseus molecular cloud is investigated and the bulk motion of the distributed population is consistent with the cloud being swept away by the Per-Tau Shell.
description: 27 pages, 14 figures, 1 table; Accepted for publication in ApJ
Comment on "Solvability of the two-photon Rabi Hamiltonian"
Creators: name: Maciejewski, Andrzej J.
name: Przybylska, Maria
name: Stachowiak, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An implicit formula for the spectrum of the two-photon Rabi model was presented by Travenec in Phys. Rev. A 85, 043805 (2012) in analogy to the method of Braak [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 100401 (2011)]. The spectrum is given by common zeros of four functions $G_c(z, E)$ taken with a fixed value of $z\in\mathbb{C}$. We point out that all the $G_c(z,E)$ functions defined by Travenec are identically zero, thus the spectrum is not in fact given by their roots.
description: 2 pages
An introductory lecture on Generalised Parton Distributions
Creators: name: Mezrag, Cédric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: These lecture notes on Generalised Parton Distributions aim at providing a general picture of the field on the theoretical and phenomenological sides to master and Ph.D. students. They go along with the lecture given at the Baryon International School of Physics in 2021.
description: 21 pages, 14 figures
Visualization of steps and surface reconstructions in Helium Ion Microscopy with atomic precision
Creators: name: Hlawacek, Gregor
name: Jankowski, Maciej
name: Wormeester, Herbert
name: van Gastel, Raoul
name: Zandvliet, Harold J. W.
name: Poelsema, Bene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Helium Ion Microscopy is known for its surface sensitivity and high lateral resolution. Here, we present results of a Helium Ion Microscopy based investigation of a surface confined alloy of Ag on Pt(111). Based on a change of the work function of 25\,meV across the atomically flat terraces we can distinguish Pt rich from Pt poor areas and visualize the single atomic layer high steps between the terraces. Furthermore, dechanneling contrast has been utilized to measure the periodicity of the hcp/fcc pattern formed in the 2--3 layers thick Ag/Pt alloy film. A periodicity of 6.65\,nm along the $\langle\overline{11}2\rangle$ surface direction has been measured. In terms of crystallography a hcp domain is obtained through a lateral displacement of a part of the outermost layer by $1/\sqrt{3}$ of a nearest neighbour spacing along $\langle\overline{11}2\rangle$. This periodicity is measured with atomic precision: coincidence between the Ag and the Pt lattices is observed for 23 Ag atoms on 24 Pt atoms. The findings are perfectly in line with results obtained with Low Energy Electron Microscopy and Phase Contrast Atomic Force Microscopy.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
(688) Frederck J W Davison
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Compute-Compress-and-Forward: Exploiting Asymmetry of Wireless Relay Networks
Creators: name: Tan, Yihua
name: Yuan, Xiaojun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Compute-and-forward (CF) harnesses interference in a wireless networkby allowing relays to compute combinations of source messages. The computed message combinations at relays are correlated, and so directly forwarding these combinations to a destination generally incurs information redundancy and spectrum inefficiency. To address this issue, we propose a novel relay strategy, termed compute-compress-and-forward (CCF). In CCF, source messages are encoded using nested lattice codes constructed on a chain of nested coding and shaping lattices. A key difference of CCF from CF is an extra compressing stage inserted in between the computing and forwarding stages of a relay, so as to reduce the forwarding information rate of the relay. The compressing stage at each relay consists of two operations: first to quantize the computed message combination on an appropriately chosen lattice (referred to as a quantization lattice), and then to take modulo on another lattice (referred to as a modulo lattice). We study the design of the quantization and modulo lattices and propose successive recovering algorithms to ensure the recoverability of source messages at destination. Based on that, we formulate a sum-rate maximization problem that is in general an NP-hard mixed integer program. A low-complexity algorithm is proposed to give a suboptimal solution. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the superiority of CCF over the existing CF schemes.
description: 23 pages, 4 figures, journal version
Dense Gas and Star Formation in Nearby Infrared Bright Galaxies: APEX survey of HCN and HCO+ J=2-1
Creators: name: Zhou, Jing
name: Zhang, Zhi-Yu
name: Gao, Yu
name: Wang, Junzhi
name: Shi, Yong
name: Gu, Qiusheng
name: Yang, Chentao
name: Wang, Tao
name: Tan, Qinghua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Both Galactic and extragalactic studies on star formation suggest that stars form directly from dense molecular gas. To trace such high volume density gas, HCN and HCO+ J=1-0 have been widely used for their high dipole moments, relatively high abundances, and often being the strongest lines after CO. However, HCN and HCO+ J=1-0 emission could be arguably dominated by the gas components at low volume densities. HCN J=2-1 and HCO+ J=2-1, with more suitable critical densities and excitation requirements, would trace typical dense gas closely related to star formation. Here we report new observations of HCN J=2-1 and HCO+ J=2-1 towards 17 nearby infrared-bright galaxies with the APEX 12-m telescope. The correlation slopes between luminosities of HCN J=2-1, and HCO+ J=2-1 and total infrared emission are 1.03 +- 0.05 and 1.00 +- 0.05, respectively. The correlations of their surface densities, normalised with the area of radio/sub-millimeter continuum, show even tighter relations (Slopes: 0.99 +- 0.03 and 1.02 +- 0.03). The eight AGN-dominated galaxies show no significant difference from the eleven star-formation dominated galaxies in above relations. The average HCN/HCO+ ratios are 1.15 +- 0.26 and 0.98 +- 0.42 for AGN-dominated and star-formation dominated galaxies, respectively, without obvious dependencies on infrared luminosity, dust temperature, or infrared pumping. The Magellanic Clouds roughly follow the same correlations, expanding to eight orders of magnitude. On the other hand, ultra-luminous infrared galaxies with active galactic nucleus (AGN) systematically lay above the correlations, indicating potential biases introduced by AGNs.
description: 28 pages, 12 figures, 6 tables
Inner crust equations of state for CompOSE
Creators: name: Malik, Tuhin
name: Pais, Helena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present some relativistic mean-field inner crust equations of state that have recently been uploaded in the CompOSE online repository. These equations of state fulfill experimental and microscopic constraints, and are also able to reproduce two solar-mass stars. We integrate the TOV equations to obtain the mass-radius relation, and we also calculate the tidal deformability, compactness, and effective tidal deformability to compare with the latest astrophysical data from NICER and LIGO and Virgo.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in the EPJA's Topical Issue "CompOSE: a repository for Neutron Star Equations of State and Transport Properties"
Evolving Peptoid-Based Hydrophobic Binding Pockets
Creators: name: Davis, Delaney C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biomimetics
Peptoids
Macromolecules

description: Peptoids, otherwise known as N-substituted glycine oligomers, belong to a class of molecules known as peptidomimetics, which are small protein-like chains that mimic peptides. Peptoids are ideal peptidomimetics for macromolecular binding scaffolds due to their combination of the scalability of synthetic polymers and the modularity of peptides. Due to their greater flexibility, peptoids can form higher-order structures and access conformations inaccessible to peptides. While peptoids are sequence-defined, there has been little success in rationally designing peptoids for globule formation based on primary sequence. An emerging area of research is aqueous intramolecular peptoid self-assembly, in which peptoids have been used to create a range of nanoassemblies by modulating side chain length and sequence order. However, there is currently no way to look at a peptoid primary sequence and predict its tertiary structure or behaviors.  Our goal is to analyze and exploit the relationship between peptoid primary sequence and peptoid tertiary structure to create hydrophobic binding pockets for applications such as dynamic combinatorial chemistry and small molecule binding. This thesis approaches this challenge in four parts: optimization of peptoid synthesis, analysis of primary sequence design, peptoid modeling, and the thioether synthesis for the long-term goal of receptor development.
On the impact of relativistic gravity on the rate of tidal disruption events
Creators: name: Coughlin, Eric R.
name: Nixon, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tidal disruption of stars by supermassive black holes (SMBHs) probes relativistic gravity. In the coming decade, the number of observed tidal disruption events (TDEs) will grow by several orders of magnitude, allowing statistical inferences of the properties of the SMBH and stellar populations. Here we analyse the probability distribution functions of the pericentre distances of stars that encounter an SMBH in the Schwarzschild geometry, where the results are completely analytic, and the Kerr metric. From this analysis we calculate the number of observable TDEs, defined to be those that come within the tidal radius $r_{\rm t}$ but outside the direct capture radius (which is, in general, larger than the horizon radius). We find that relativistic effects result in a steep decline in the number of stars that have pericenter distances $r_{\rm p} \lesssim 10\,r_{\rm g}$, where $r_{\rm g} = GM/c^2$, and that for maximally spinning SMBHs the distribution function of $r_{\rm p}$ at such distances scales as $f_{\rm r_{\rm p}}\propto r_{\rm p}^{4/3}$, or in terms of $β\equiv r_{\rm t}/r_{\rm p}$ scales as $f_β \propto β^{-10/3}$. We find that spin has little effect on the TDE fraction until the very high-mass end, where instead of being identically zero the rate is small ($\lesssim 1\%$ of the expected rate in the absence of relativistic effects). Effectively independent of spin, if the progenitors of TDEs reflect the predominantly low-mass stellar population and thus have masses $\lesssim 1M_{\odot}$, we expect a substantial reduction in the rate of TDEs above $10^{7}M_{\odot}$.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, ApJ accepted