cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Shielding design for the High Brilliance neutron Source (HBS) target station
Creators: name: Hanslik, R.
name: Achten, R.
name: Randriamalala, T. H.
name: Li, Jingjing
name: Mauerhofer, E.
name: Baggemann, Johannes
name: Zakalek, P.
name: Rücker, U.
name: Gutberlet, T.
name: Brückel, T.
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2023

description: Eighth European Conference on Neutron Scattering, ECNS 2023, TUM Department of Mechanical Engineering and the new Science Congress Center Munich, Germany, 19 Mar 2023 - 23 Mar 2023
description: In recent years, the development of high-current accelerator-based neutron sources (HiCANS) has gained in interest to propose a novel option for the next generation of neutron sources. In HiCANS high neutron yields are achieved by irradiating metal targets with proton beams with energies in the MeV range bellow the spallation threshold and currents of several tens of milliamps. Based on this concept, the High Brilliance neutron Source (HBS) project was developed at Forschungszentrum Jülich to deliver a high flux of neutrons to various scattering, analytics and imaging instruments.Relying on the experience and challenges of assembling the HBS shielding prototype at Forschungszentrum Jülich, the HBS target station shielding was developed from several layers of lead and borated polyethylene with a suitable stepped support structure. The aim of the shielding is to keep the dose rate in the monitored area well below the radiation protection criteria. The entire target station is modelled for particle transport simulation on the basis of the mechanical design. The dose rate distribution inside the target station as well as on the outside of the bunker walls is calculated during beam operation and also when the beam is switched off. The analysis of neutron and gamma flux and dose rate distribution in the target station from the radiation protection aspects will be presented.This work is part of the collaboration within ELENA and LENS on the development of HiCANS.
Holographic Ricci dark energy as running vacuum
Creators: name: George, Paxy
name: Mathew, Titus K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Holographic Ricci dark energy has been proposed ago has faced with problems of future singularity. In the present work we consider the Ricci dark energy with an additive constant in it's density as running vacuum energy. We have analytically solved the Friedmann equations and also the role played by the general conservation law followed by the cosmic components together. We have shown that the running vacuum energy status of the Ricci dark energy helps to remove the possible future singularity in the model. The additive constant in the density of the running vacuum played an important role, such that, without that, the model predicts either eternal deceleration or eternal acceleration. But along with the additive constant, equivalent to a cosmological constant, the model predicts a late time acceleration in the expansion of the universe, and in the far future of the evolution it tends to de Sitter universe.
description: 10 pages
Is a hyperchaotic attractor superposition of two multifractals?
Creators: name: Harikrishnan, K. P.
name: Misra, R.
name: Ambika, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of chaotic dynamical systems with exponential divergence of nearby trajectories in phase space, hyperchaos is defined as a state where there is divergence or stretching in at least two directions during the evolution of the system. Hence the detection and characterization of a hyperchaotic attractor is usually done using the spectrum of Lyapunov Exponents (LEs) that measure this rate of divergence along each direction. Though hyperchaos arise in different dynamical situations and find several practical applications, a proper understanding of the geometric structure of a hyperchaotic attractor still remains an unsolved problem. In this paper, we present strong numerical evidence to suggest that the geometric structure of a hyperchaotic attractor can be characterized using a multifractal spectrum with two superimposed components. In other words, apart from developing an extra positive LE, there is also a structural change as a chaotic attractor makes a transition to the hyperchaotic phase and the attractor changes from a simple multifractal to a dual multifractal, equivalent to two inter-mingled multifractals. We argue that a cross-over behavior in the scaling region for computing the correlation dimension is a manifestation of such a structure. In order to support this claim, we present an illustrative example of a synthetically generated set of points in the unit interval (a Cantor set with a variable iteration scheme) displaying dual multifractal spectrum. Our results are also used to develop a general scheme to generate both hyperchaotic as well as high dimensional chaotic attractors by coupling two low dimensional chaotic attractors and tuning a time scale parameter.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, To appear in Chaos Solitons & Fractals
The Circumstellar Disk of the Be Star $o$~Aquarii
Creators: name: Sigut, T. A. A.
name: Tycner, C.
name: Jansen, B.
name: Zavala, R. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Omicron Aquarii is late-type, Be shell star with a stable and nearly symmetric H$α$ emission line. We combine H$α$ interferometric observations obtained with the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer (NPOI) covering 2007 through 2014 with H$α$ spectroscopic observations over the same period and a 2008 observation of the system's near-infrared spectral energy distribution to constrain the properties of $o$~Aqr's circumstellar disk. All observations are consistent with a circumstellar disk seen at an inclination of $75\pm\,3^{\circ}$ with a position angle on the sky of $110\pm\,8^{\circ}$ measured E from N. From the best-fit disk density model, we find that 90\% of the H$α$ emission arises from within $9.5$ stellar radii, and the mass associated with this H$α$ disk is $\sim 1.8\times10^{-10}$ of the stellar mass and the associated angular momentum, assuming Keplerian rotation for the disk, is $\sim 1.6\times10^{-8}$ of the total stellar angular momentum. The occurrence of a central quasi-emission (CQE) feature in Mg\,{\sc ii} $λ\,4481$ is also predicted by this best-fit disk model and the computed profile compares successfully with observations from 1999. To obtain consistency between the H$α$ line profile modelling and the other constraints, it was necessary in the profile fitting to weight the line core (emission peaks and central depression) more heavily than the line wings, which were not well reproduced by our models. This may reflect the limitation of assuming a single power-law for the disk's equatorial density variation. The best-fit disk density model for $o$~Aqr predicts that H$α$ is near its maximum strength as a function of disk density, and hence the H$α$ equivalent width and line profile change only weakly in response to large (factor of $\sim 5$) changes in the disk density.
description: 16 pages; 16 figures
Rejoinder to discussions of "Frequentist coverage of adaptive nonparametric Bayesian credible sets"
Creators: name: Szabó, Botond
name: van der Vaart, A. W.
name: van Zanten, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Rejoinder of "Frequentist coverage of adaptive nonparametric Bayesian credible sets" by Szabó, van der Vaart and van Zanten [arXiv:1310.4489v5].
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/15-AOS1270REJ in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Smart Garments to Enhance the Health and Wellbeing of Athletes: A Scoping Review Protocol
Creators: name: Mahmud, Abdullah
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
subject: Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces
subject: Computer Sciences
subject: Endurance athletes
subject: Human-Computer Interaction
subject: Smart garments

description: The objective of this scoping review is to assess the existing studies to understand the existing smart garment technologies, which are developed to enhance the health and wellbeing of athletes.
The Operator Product Expansion between the 16 Lowest Higher Spin Currents in the N=4 Superspace
Creators: name: Ahn, Changhyun
name: Kim, Man Hea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some of the operator product expansions (OPEs) between the lowest 16 higher spin currents of spins (1, 3/2, 3/2, 3/2, 3/2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 5/2, 5/2, 5/2, 5/2, 3) in an extension of the large N=4 linear superconformal algebra were constructed in the N=4 superconformal coset SU(5)/SU(3) theory previously. In this paper, by rewriting the above OPEs in the N=4 superspace developed by Schoutens (and other groups), the remaining undetermined OPEs where the corresponding singular terms possess the composite fields with spins s =7/2, 4, 9/2, 5 are completely determined. Furthermore, by introducing the arbitrary coefficients in front of the composite fields in the right hand sides of the above complete 136 OPEs, reexpressing them in the N=2 superspace and using the N=2 OPEs mathematica package by Krivonos and Thielemans, the complete structures of the above OPEs with fixed coefficient functions are obtained with the help of various Jacobi identities. Then one obtains ten N=2 super OPEs between the four N=2 higher spin currents denoted by (1, 3/2, 3/2, 2), (3/2, 2, 2, 5/2), (3/2, 2, 2, 5/2) and (2, 5/2, 5/2, 3) (corresponding 136 OPEs in the component approach) in the N=4 superconformal coset SU(N+2)/SU(N) theory. Finally, one describes them as one single N=4 super OPE between the above sixteen higher spin currents in the N=4 superspace. The fusion rule for this OPE contains the next 16 higher spin currents of spins of (2, 5/2, 5/2, 5/2, 5/2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 7/2, 7/2, 7/2, 7/2, 4) in addition to the quadratic N=4 lowest higher spin multiplet and the large N=4 linear superconformal family of the identity operator. The various structure constants (fixed coefficient functions) appearing in the right hand side of this OPE depend on N and the level k of the bosonic spin-1 affine Kac-Moody current.
description: 412 pages
Stress in nurses’ caring for stroke patients and families: a mixed-method study
Creators: name: Saramago, Ines
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Other Nursing
subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: nursing
subject: perceived stress scale
subject: stress
subject: stroke

description: Data collected from surveys for the research article "Stress in nurses’ caring for stroke patients and families: a mixed-method study"
The Role of Kinesiologists in Researching Best Practices and Providing Clinical Exercise Interventions in Stroke and Coronary Artery Disease: A Scoping Review Protocol
Creators: name: Whyte, Elizabeth
name: Larkin, Jillian
name: Thomas, Scott
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Kinesiology
subject: Exercise Science
subject: Life Sciences

description: A scoping review protocol
Distribution of reducible polynomials with a given coefficient set
Creators: name: Chern, Shane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11C08 (Primary), 11N45 (Secondary)

description: For a given set of integers $\mathcal{S}$, let $\mathcal{R}_n^*(\mathcal{S})$ denote the set of reducible polynomials $f(X)=a_nX^n+a_{n-1}X^{n-1}+\cdots+a_1X+a_0$ over $\mathbb{Z}[X]$ with $a_i\in\mathcal{S}$ and $a_0a_n\ne 0$. In this note, we shall give an explicit bound of $|\mathcal{R}_n^*(\mathcal{S})|$. We also present an application of this bound to reducible bivariate polynomials over $\mathbb{Z}[X,Y]$.
Development of Peptidic Inhibitors for Triple-Negative and Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer
Creators: name: Cheng, Changfeng
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) accounts for 20% of all breast cancer cases and is one of the most clinically challenging subtypes of breast cancer due to its aggressive nature. Recently, Histone Deacetylase associated transcriptional regulatory proteins SIN3A and SIN3B have emerged as potential molecular targets for TNBC therapeutics. Peptidic inhibitors and small molecules targeting the PAH2 domain, a well-characterized protein-interaction domain of the SIN3 homologs have shown induction of epigenetic reprogramming along with upregulation of differentiation markers and downregulations of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers in TNBC cell lines. Our efforts have resulted in a library of hydrocarbon stapled peptidic inhibitors based on a known binding partner (MXD1) with various positions of cyclization. Fluorescence Anisotropy assays show increased binding affinity of these stapled peptides, as well as anti-proliferative effects when used as treatment with MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cell lines as compared to the wild type MXD1 peptide. These compounds will serve as potential therapeutic leads as well as chemical tools for elucidation of the mechanisms and action of SIN3A and SIN3B. While the prognosis for patients whose disease remains confined to the breast is good, nearly 30% of breast cancers become metastatic. Of those patients who develop metastatic breast cancer, 30-40% also acquire a mutation to the estrogen receptor ligand binding domain. Patients with these somatic ER mutations have been shown to have significantly shorter survival rates compared to those without (20.7 vs. 32.1 months). These mutations render ER constitutively active and are relatively resistant to known therapies, so that new ways of targeting mutant ERs are desperately needed. Previous work in our lab described hydrocarbon-constrained, high-affinity γ-substituted peptides that are able to directly block binding of the ER to steroid receptor coactivators and have selectivity for the most common ER mutation in patients: D538G. We aim to design and synthesize peptides that take advantage of the D538G mutation to create specific antagonists for the D538G estrogen receptor, by creation of a novel, unnatural amino acid capable of olefin metathesis and γ-functionalization. This novel building block offers the potential for site-selective SAR and other conjugations at the gamma position of a stapling residue and may be a valuable tool for peptide chemistry.
Romance and pleasure: Ariostan discourses from Torquato Tasso and Miguel de Cervantes
Creators: name: Nienaber, Joseph
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: This study investigates the relationship of sixteenth-century Italian debates over romances of chivalry to Cervantes's Don Quixote. It argues that Cervantes's novel is a literary installment to the debate and that the novel makes use of imitation and genre-bending to achieve its objective of asserting pleasure as the primary theoretical criterion. Torquato Tasso's discourses are examined in opposition to Cervantes's novel, and similarities between them are explored.
Stratospheric Imaging of Polar Mesospheric Clouds: A New Window on Small-Scale Atmospheric Dynamics
Creators: name: Miller, A. D.
name: Fritts, D. C.
name: Chapman, D.
name: Jones, G.
name: Limon, M.
name: Araujo, D.
name: Didier, J.
name: Hillbrand, S.
name: Kjellstrand, C. B.
name: Korotkov, A.
name: Tucker, G.
name: Vinokurov, Y.
name: Wan, K.
name: Wang, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Instabilities and turbulence extending to the smallest dynamical scales play important roles in the deposition of energy and momentum by gravity waves throughout the atmosphere. However, these dynamics and their effects have been impossible to quantify to date due to lack of observational guidance. Serendipitous optical images of polar mesospheric clouds at ~82 km obtained by star cameras aboard a cosmology experiment deployed on a stratospheric balloon provide a new observational tool, revealing instability and turbulence structures extending to spatial scales < 20 m. At 82 km, this resolution provides sensitivity extending to the smallest turbulence scale not strongly influenced by viscosity: the "inner scale" of turbulence, $l_0\sim$10($ν^3$/$ε$)$^{1/4}$. Such images represent a new window into small-scale dynamics that occur throughout the atmosphere but are impossible to observe in such detail at any other altitude. We present a sample of images revealing a range of dynamics features, and employ numerical simulations that resolve these dynamics to guide our interpretation of several observed events.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. Figures available online: http://cosmology.phys.columbia.edu/pmc/
Probing the Physical Conditions of Supernova Ejecta with the Measured Sizes of Presolar Al2O3 Grains
Creators: name: Nozawa, Takaya
name: Wakita, Shigeru
name: Hasegawa, Yasuhiro
name: Kozasa, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A few particles of presolar Al2O3 grains with sizes above 0.5 mum are believed to have been produced in the ejecta of core-collapse supernovae (SNe). In order to clarify the formation condition of such large Al2O3 grains, we investigate the condensation of Al2O3 grains for wide ranges of the gas density and cooling rate. We first show that the average radius and condensation efficiency of newly formed Al2O3 grains are successfully described by a non-dimensional quantity "Lambda_on" defined as the ratio of the timescale with which the supersaturation ratio increases to the collision timescale of reactant gas species at dust formation. Then, we find that the formation of submicron-sized Al2O3 grains requires at least ten times higher gas densities than those presented by one-dimensional SN models. This indicates that presolar Al2O3 grains identified as a SN origin might be formed in dense gas clumps, allowing us to propose that the measured sizes of presolar grains can be a powerful tool to constrain the physical conditions in which they formed. We also briefly discuss the survival of newly formed Al2O3 grains against the destruction in the shocked gas within the SN remnants.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters
Association of biological and other factors with the risk and course of Covid-19 and with risk-related behavior – a longitudinal study
Creators: name: Flegr, Jaroslav
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences
subject: borreliosis
subject: covid
subject: disease
subject: health
subject: rh factor
subject: risk factor
subject: toxoplasmosis

description: The aim of the present study is to identify the factors that are associated with increased or decreased risk of Covid-9, course of the disease, and increased or decreased willingness to accept and follow particular anti-epidemic measures. The file with the questionnaire to be used in the study will be a part of this registration.
Automatic sequences fulfill the Sarnak conjecture
Creators: name: Müllner, Clemens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B85, 11L20, 37B10

description: We present in this paper a new method to deal with automatic sequences. This method allows us to prove a Möbius-randomness-principle for automatic sequences from which we deduce the Sarnak conjecture for this class of sequences. Furthermore, we can show a Prime Number Theorem for automatic sequences that are generated by strongly connected automata where the initial state is fixed by the transition corresponding to $0$.
description: 55 pages
Indian Factor in Pak-Iran Relations
Creators: name: Sohail, Muhammad
name: Iqbal, Hamid
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The anomaly in Pak-Iran relations started due to Afghanistan, and served as a stimulus for Indo-Iranian strategic convergence in the longer run. India’s ties with Iran cater to its ambition of circumventing Pakistan in its western backyard. India has been trying to bring Afghanistan into its sphere of influence through Iran, to undermine Pakistan’s interest. This has adversely impacted Pak-Iran ties and rejuvenation has become a formidable challenge. The paper argues that Pakistan and Iran have to resurrect mutual strategic relationship. Notwithstanding Chabahar and Gwadar projects, both need to recalibrate their bilateral ties with respect to regional dynamics, to explore the potential for entente, and to neutralize Indian factor in the relations. For Pakistan, Iran provides connectivity to Central Asian Republics (CARs). There is also a great potential for boosting energy trade, developing border security mechanism and a joint plan to address the issue of terrorism.
Thresholded Power Law Size Distributions of Instabilities in Astrophysics
Creators: name: Aschwanden, Markus J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Power law-like size distributions are ubiquitous in astrophysical instabilities. There are at least four natural effects that cause deviations from ideal power law size distributions, which we model here in a generalized way: (1) a physical threshold of an instability; (2) incomplete sampling of the smallest events below a threshold $x_0$; (3) contamination by an event-unrelated background $x_b$; and (4) truncation effects at the largest events due to a finite system size. These effects can be modeled in simplest terms with a "thresholded power law" distribution function (also called generalized Pareto [type II] or Lomax distribution), $N(x) dx \propto (x+x_0)^{-a} dx$, where $x_0 > 0$ is positive for a threshold effect, while $x_0 < 0$ is negative for background contamination. We analytically derive the functional shape of this thresholded power law distribution function from an exponential-growth evolution model, which produces avalanches only when a disturbance exceeds a critical threshold $x_0$. We apply the thresholded power law distribution function to terrestrial, solar (HXRBS, BATSE, RHESSI), and stellar flare (Kepler) data sets. We find that the thresholded power law model provides an adequate fit to most of the observed data. Major advantages of this model are the automated choice of the power law fitting range, diagnostics of background contamination, physical inastability thresholds, instrumental detection thresholds, and finite system size limits. When testing self-organized criticality models, which predict ideal power laws, we suggest to include these natural truncation effects.
description: 42 pages, 16 Figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal (2015 Oct 7)
Emergence of Classical Rotation in Superfluid Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creators: name: White, Angela
name: Hennessy, Tara
name: Busch, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase transitions can modify quantum behaviour on mesoscopic scales and give access to new and unusual quantum dynamics. Here we investigate the superfluid properties of a rotating two-component Bose--Einstein condensate as a function of changes in the interaction energy and in particular through the phase transition from miscibility to immiscibility. We show that the breaking of one of the hallmarks of superfluid flow, namely the quantisation condition on circulation, is continuous throughout an azimuthal phase separation process and displays intriguing density dynamics. We find that the resulting currents are stable for long times and possess a phase boundary that exhibits classical solid body rotation, despite the quantum nature of superfluid flow. To support this co-existence of classical and quantum behaviour the system develops a unique velocity flow profile, which includes unusual radial flow in regions near the phase boundary.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
VERCE delivers a productive e-Science environment for seismology research
Creators: name: Atkinson, Malcolm
name: Carpené, Michele
name: Casarotti, Emanuele
name: Claus, Steffen
name: Filgueira, Rosa
name: Frank, Anton
name: Galea, Michelle
name: Garth, Tom
name: Gemünd, André
name: Igel, Heiner
name: Klampanos, Iraklis
name: Krause, Amrey
name: Krischer, Lion
name: Leong, Siew Hoon
name: Magnoni, Federica
name: Matser, Jonas
name: Michelini, Alberto
name: Rietbrock, Andreas
name: Schwichtenberg, Horst
name: Spinuso, Alessandro
name: Vilotte, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The VERCE project has pioneered an e-Infrastructure to support researchers using established simulation codes on high-performance computers in conjunction with multiple sources of observational data. This is accessed and organised via the VERCE science gateway that makes it convenient for seismologists to use these resources from any location via the Internet. Their data handling is made flexible and scalable by two Python libraries, ObsPy and dispel4py and by data services delivered by ORFEUS and EUDAT. Provenance driven tools enable rapid exploration of results and of the relationships between data, which accelerates understanding and method improvement. These powerful facilities are integrated and draw on many other e-Infrastructures. This paper presents the motivation for building such systems, it reviews how solid-Earth scientists can make significant research progress using them and explains the architecture and mechanisms that make their construction and operation achievable. We conclude with a summary of the achievements to date and identify the crucial steps needed to extend the capabilities for seismologists, for solid-Earth scientists and for similar disciplines.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures. Pre-publication version of paper accepted and published at the IEEE eScience 2015 conference in Munich with substantial additions, particularly in the analysis of issues
Simple Elastic Network Models for Exhaustive Analysis of Long Double-Stranded DNA Dynamics with Sequence Geometry Dependence
Creators: name: Isami, Shuhei
name: Sakamoto, Naoaki
name: Nishimori, Hiraku
name: Awazu, Akinori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Simple elastic network models of DNA were developed to reveal the structure-dynamics relationships for several nucleotide sequences. First, we propose a simple all-atom elastic network model of DNA that can explain the profiles of temperature factors for several crystal structures of DNA. Second, we propose a coarse-grained elastic network model of DNA, where each nucleotide is described only by one node. This model could effectively reproduce the detailed dynamics obtained with the all-atom elastic network model according to the sequence-dependent geometry. Through normal-mode analysis for the coarse-grained elastic network model, we exhaustively analyzed the dynamic features of a large number of long DNA sequences, approximately $\sim 150$ bp in length. These analyses revealed positive correlations between the nucleosome-forming abilities and the inter-strand fluctuation strength of double-stranded DNA for several DNA sequences.
Constraint on modified dispersion relations for gravitational waves from gravitational Cherenkov radiation
Creators: name: Kiyota, Satoshi
name: Yamamoto, Kazuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the hypothetical process of gravitational Cherenkov radiation, which may occur in modified gravity theories. We obtain a useful constraint on a modified dispersion relation for propagating modes of gravitational waves, which could be predicted as a consequence of violation of the Lorentz invariance in modified theories of gravity. The constraint from gravitational Cherenkov radiation and that from direct measurements of the gravitational waves emitted by a compact binary system are complementary to each other.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Nontrivial rheological exponents in sheared yield stress fluids
Creators: name: Agoritsas, Elisabeth
name: Martens, Kirsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we discuss possible physical origins for non-trivial exponents in the athermal rheology of soft materials at low but finite driving rates. A key ingredient in our scenario is the presence of a self-consistent mechanical noise that stems from the spatial superposition of long-range elastic responses to localized plastically deforming regions. We study analytically a mean-field model, in which this mechanical noise is accounted for by a stress diffusion term coupled to the plastic activity. Within this description we show how a dependence of the shear modulus and/or the local relaxation time on the shear rate introduces corrections to the usual mean-field prediction, concerning the Herschel-Bulkley-type rheological response of exponent 1/2. This feature of the mean-field picture is then shown to be robust with respect to structural disorder and partial relaxation of the local stress. We test this prediction numerically on a mesoscopic lattice model that implements explicitly the long-range elastic response to localized shear transformations, and we conclude on how our scenario might be tested in rheological experiments.
Idealistic and distorted: Dante’s vision of the city becomes its own travesty in hell
Creators: name: Debs, Jenna Michelle
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2010

description: Dante Alighieri's pride in being a Florentine citizen is clearly demonstrated in his life choices and in his writings. Attempting for years as a public official and then as a writer to influence public opinion, Dante's eventual exile out of his beloved Florence led to the most powerful work of his career, the writing of the Comedy: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. In the Inferno, Dante takes his boldest, explicit steps in representing his own judgments as to what has become of his beloved and ideal city, and what should happen to those in power, and thus responsible for its downfall. Throughout this thesis, various themes of the ideal city, their parodies, and their distortions in the Inferno of La Divina Commedia will be explored.
A holographic realization of light dilatons
Creators: name: Megias, Eugenio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a realization of light dilatons by considering Conformal Field Theories deformed by a nearly marginal operator ${\cal O}$. This is discussed in the holographic setup consisting of Renormalization Group flows that end on a soft wall. We obtain a mass formula for the dilaton as an average along the flow. Finally we discuss the holographic method to compute the condensate $\langle {\cal O} \rangle$.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures. Talk given by E.Megias at the XXIIIth International Conference on Integrable Systems and Quantum symmetries (ISQS-23), Prague, Czech Republic, 23-27 June, 2015
Limb-darkening coefficients from line-blanketed non-LTE hot-star model atmospheres
Creators: name: Reeve, D. C.
name: Howarth, I. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present grids of limb-darkening coefficients computed from non-LTE, line-blanketed TLUSTY model atmospheres, covering effective-temperature and surface-gravity ranges of 15--55kK and 4.75 dex (cgs) down to the effective Eddington limit, at 1x, 1x, 0.5x (LMC), 0.2x (SMC), and 0.1x solar. Results are given for the Bessell UBVRIJKHL, Sloan ugriz, Stromgren ubvy, WFCAM ZYJHK, Hipparcos, Kepler, and Tycho passbands, in each case characterized by several different limb-darkening `laws'. We examine the sensitivity of limb darkening to temperature, gravity, metallicity, microturbulent velocity, and wavelength, and make a comparison with LTE models. The dependence on metallicity is very weak, but limb darkening is a moderately strong function of log(g) in this temperature regime.
description: Accepted for MNRAS
Young adults make rational sexual decisions
Creators: name: Hatz, Laura
name: Park, Sanghyuk
name: McCarty, Kayleigh
name: McCarthy, Denis
name: Davis-Stober, Clintin
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: choice modeling
subject: classification
subject: decision making
subject: lexicographic semiorders
subject: random preference
subject: rationality
subject: weak orders

description: Online supplements for the paper "Young adults make rational sexual decisions"
HDIdx: High-Dimensional Indexing for Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search
Creators: name: Wan, Ji
name: Tang, Sheng
name: Zhang, Yongdong
name: Li, Jintao
name: Wu, Pengcheng
name: Hoi, Steven C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fast Nearest Neighbor (NN) search is a fundamental challenge in large-scale data processing and analytics, particularly for analyzing multimedia contents which are often of high dimensionality. Instead of using exact NN search, extensive research efforts have been focusing on approximate NN search algorithms. In this work, we present "HDIdx", an efficient high-dimensional indexing library for fast approximate NN search, which is open-source and written in Python. It offers a family of state-of-the-art algorithms that convert input high-dimensional vectors into compact binary codes, making them very efficient and scalable for NN search with very low space complexity.
ALOJA-ML: A Framework for Automating Characterization and Knowledge Discovery in Hadoop Deployments
Creators: name: Berral, Josep Ll.
name: Poggi, Nicolas
name: Carrera, David
name: Call, Aaron
name: Reinauer, Rob
name: Green, Daron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.4; I.2.6

description: This article presents ALOJA-Machine Learning (ALOJA-ML) an extension to the ALOJA project that uses machine learning techniques to interpret Hadoop benchmark performance data and performance tuning; here we detail the approach, efficacy of the model and initial results. Hadoop presents a complex execution environment, where costs and performance depends on a large number of software (SW) configurations and on multiple hardware (HW) deployment choices. These results are accompanied by a test bed and tools to deploy and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the different hardware configurations, parameter tunings, and Cloud services. Despite early success within ALOJA from expert-guided benchmarking, it became clear that a genuinely comprehensive study requires automation of modeling procedures to allow a systematic analysis of large and resource-constrained search spaces. ALOJA-ML provides such an automated system allowing knowledge discovery by modeling Hadoop executions from observed benchmarks across a broad set of configuration parameters. The resulting performance models can be used to forecast execution behavior of various workloads; they allow 'a-priori' prediction of the execution times for new configurations and HW choices and they offer a route to model-based anomaly detection. In addition, these models can guide the benchmarking exploration efficiently, by automatically prioritizing candidate future benchmark tests. Insights from ALOJA-ML's models can be used to reduce the operational time on clusters, speed-up the data acquisition and knowledge discovery process, and importantly, reduce running costs. In addition to learning from the methodology presented in this work, the community can benefit in general from ALOJA data-sets, framework, and derived insights to improve the design and deployment of Big Data applications.
description: Submitted to KDD'2015. Part of the Aloja Project. Partially funded by European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 639595) - HiEST Project
Sensor Selection for Target Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks with Uncertainty
Creators: name: Cao, Nianxia
name: Choi, Sora
name: Masazade, Engin
name: Varshney, Pramod K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a multiobjective optimization framework for the sensor selection problem in uncertain Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The uncertainties of the WSNs result in a set of sensor observations with insufficient information about the target. We propose a novel mutual information upper bound (MIUB) based sensor selection scheme, which has low computational complexity, same as the Fisher information (FI) based sensor selection scheme, and gives estimation performance similar to the mutual information (MI) based sensor selection scheme. Without knowing the number of sensors to be selected a priori, the multiobjective optimization problem (MOP) gives a set of sensor selection strategies that reveal different trade-offs between two conflicting objectives: minimization of the number of selected sensors and minimization of the gap between the performance metric (MIUB and FI) when all the sensors transmit measurements and when only the selected sensors transmit their measurements based on the sensor selection strategy. Illustrative numerical results that provide valuable insights are presented.
Measurement of the $K_L$ nuclear interaction length in the NaI(Tl) calorimeter
Creators: name: Achasov, M. N.
name: Beloborodov, K. I.
name: Berdyugin, A. V.
name: Bogdanchikov, A. G.
name: Vasiljev, A. V.
name: Golubev, V. B.
name: Dimova, T. V.
name: Druzhinin, V. P.
name: Korol, A. A.
name: Koshuba, S. V.
name: Pakhtusova, E. V.
name: Serednyakov, S. I.
name: Silagadze, Z. K.
name: Usov, Yu. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the study of the reaction $e^+e^-\to K_{S}K_{L}$ at the VEPP-2M $e^+e^-$ collider with the SND detector the nuclear interaction length of $K_{L}$ meson in NaI(Tl) has been measured. Its value is found to be 30--50 cm in the $K_{L}$ momentum range 0.11--0.48 GeV/$c$. The results are compared with the values used in the simulation programs GEANT4 and UNIMOD.
description: accepted in JINST
Recovering dark-matter clustering from galaxies with Gaussianization
Creators: name: McCullagh, Nuala
name: Neyrinck, Mark
name: Norberg, Peder
name: Cole, Shaun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Gaussianization transform has been proposed as a method to remove the issues of scale-dependent galaxy bias and nonlinearity from galaxy clustering statistics, but these benefits have yet to be thoroughly tested for realistic galaxy samples. In this paper, we test the effectiveness of the Gaussianization transform for different galaxy types by applying it to realistic simulated blue and red galaxy samples. We show that in real space, the shapes of the Gaussianized power spectra of both red and blue galaxies agree with that of the underlying dark matter, with the initial power spectrum, and with each other to smaller scales than do the statistics of the usual (untransformed) density field. However, we find that the agreement in the Gaussianized statistics breaks down in redshift space. We attribute this to the fact that red and blue galaxies exhibit very different fingers of god in redshift space. After applying a finger-of-god compression, the agreement on small scales between the Gaussianized power spectra is restored. We also compare the Gaussianization transform to the clipped galaxy density field and find that while both methods are effective in real space, they have more complicated behaviour in redshift space. Overall, we find that Gaussianization can be useful in recovering the shape of the underlying dark matter power spectrum to k ~ 0.5 h/Mpc and of the initial power spectrum to k ~ 0.4 h/Mpc in certain cases at z = 0.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Optimal interactions of light with magnetic and electric resonant particles
Creators: name: Colom, Remi
name: Devilez, Alexis
name: Bonod, Nicolas
name: Stout, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work studies the limits of far and near-field electromagnetic response of sub-wavelength scatterers, like the unitary limit and of lossless scatterers, and the ideal absorption limit of lossy particles. These limit behaviors are described in terms of analytic formulas that approximate finite size effects while rigorously including radiative corrections. This analysis predicts the electric and/or magnetic limit responses of both metallic and dielectric nanoparticles while quantitatively describing near-field enhancements.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
Simple Online and Realtime Tracking
Creators: name: Bewley, Alex
name: Ge, Zongyuan
name: Ott, Lionel
name: Ramos, Fabio
name: Upcroft, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper explores a pragmatic approach to multiple object tracking where the main focus is to associate objects efficiently for online and realtime applications. To this end, detection quality is identified as a key factor influencing tracking performance, where changing the detector can improve tracking by up to 18.9%. Despite only using a rudimentary combination of familiar techniques such as the Kalman Filter and Hungarian algorithm for the tracking components, this approach achieves an accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art online trackers. Furthermore, due to the simplicity of our tracking method, the tracker updates at a rate of 260 Hz which is over 20x faster than other state-of-the-art trackers.
description: Presented at ICIP 2016, code is available at https://github.com/abewley/sort
Spin- and valley-dependent transport through arrays of ferromagnetic silicene junctions
Creators: name: Missault, N.
name: Vasilopoulos, P.
name: Vargiamidis, V.
name: Peeters, F. M.
name: Van Duppen, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study ballistic transport of Dirac fermions in silicene through arrays of barriers, of width $d$, in the presence of an exchange field $M$ and a tunable potential of height $U$ or depth $-U$. The spin- and valley-resolved conductances as functions of $U$ or $M$, exhibit resonances away from the Dirac point (DP) and close to it a pronounced dip that becomes a gap when a critical electric field $E_z$ is applied. This gap widens by increasing the number of barriers and can be used to realize electric field-controlled switching of the current. The spin $p_s$ and valley $p_v$ polarizations of the current near the DP increase with $E_z$ or $M$ and can reach 100\% for certain of their values. These field ranges widen significantly by increasing the number of barriers. Also, $p_s$ and $p_v$ oscillate nearly periodically with the separation between barriers or wells and can be inverted by reversing $M$.
description: 9 pages, 43 figures, to appear in PRB, figure resolutions reduced for size
title: Towards Compact Laser-Driven Neutron Sources: A numerical study of liquid leaf targets for high repetition rate laser experiments and neutron production using deep learning
Creators: name: Schmitz, Benedikt
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2023

description: More than 20 years ago, the first ion acceleration experiments were performed using Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA). Most TNSA experiments relied on low repetition rates and fixed foil targets. Recent technological advances have enabled the development of laser-plasma accelerators with high repetition rates. The core aspect of the high repetition rate is gas or liquid-based targets, of which the liquid leaf target seems particularly promising. Despite the potential to achieve high repetition rate laser pulses for TNSA, the predictive capabilities of the proposed Liquid Leaf target remain limited. This research investigates the plasma generated by a Liquid Leaf target and its interaction with any laser using particle-in-cell simulations. A surrogate model is developed to predict the full spectrum of the generated beam and the maximum ion energy. This model also allows numerical optimization of the experiment. A surrogate model for the neutron yield is also developed based on Monte Carlo simulations and artificial neural networks. Combining these models makes it possible to determine the potential of a compact laser-driven neutron source. Optimizing a laser plasma experiment is performed as an example for two different optimization conditions, focusing on maximizing the proton yield. The optimized solutions utilize an effect caused by different ions, oxygen, and hydrogen, propagating in the same expanding plasma. These ions interact, causing spectra to deviate from plasma expansion models. This effect can be predicted and applied to other applications outside neutron production. The neutron model allows comparing different designs of compact neutron sources. This allows determining the particle numbers and repetition rates required to make laser-driven neutron sources competitive. Since simulations are insufficient for real-world applications, a new method is proposed to improve data analysis using radiochromic film stacks. The method uses algorithmic solutions to reduce operator inaccuracy while increasing the evaluation speed, allowing Big Data analysis of laser-plasma acceleration data to be performed soon.
The Role of Kinesiologists in Researching Best Practices and Providing Clinical Exercise Interventions for Cancer Patients: A Scoping Review Protocol
Creators: name: Larkin, Jillian
name: Whyte, Elizabeth
name: Thomas, Scott
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Kinesiology
subject: Exercise Science
subject: Life Sciences

description: A scoping review protocol