cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Latitudinal variability in Jupiter's tropospheric disequilibrium species: GeH$_4$, AsH$_3$ and PH$_3$
Creators: name: Giles, Rohini S.
name: Fletcher, Leigh N.
name: Irwin, Patrick G. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Jupiter's tropospheric composition is studied using high resolution spatially-resolved 5-micron observation from the CRIRES instrument at the Very Large Telescope. The high resolving power (R=96,000) allows us to spectrally resolve the line shapes of individual molecular species in Jupiter's troposphere and, by aligning the slit north-south along Jupiter's central meridian, we are able to search for any latitudinal variability. Despite the high spectral resolution, we find that there are significant degeneracies between the cloud structure and aerosol scattering properties that complicate the retrievals of tropospheric gaseous abundances and limit conclusions on any belt-zone variability. However, we do find evidence for variability between the equatorial regions of the planet and the polar regions. Arsine (AsH$_3$) and phosphine (PH$_3$) both show an enhancement at high latitudes, while the abundance of germane (GeH$_4$) remains approximately constant. These observations contrast with the theoretical predictions from Wang et al. (2016) and we discuss the possible explanations for this difference.
description: 20 pages, 17 figures, manuscript accepted for publication in Icarus
Biralvand_et_al_Suppl_Mat_Revised_October2023
Creators: name: Biralvand, Masoud
name: Ballato, Paolo
name: Balestrieri, Maria Laura
name: mohajjel, mahammad
name: Sobel, Edward
name: Dunkl, István
name: Montegrossi, Giordano
name: Ghassemi, Mohammad R.
name: Glodny, Johannes
name: Strecker, Manfred R
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Thermodynamics
subject: 40303 Geochronology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 40402 Geodynamics
subject: Geology
subject: 40404 Geothermics and Radiometrics
subject: 40301 Basin Analysis
subject: 40313 Tectonics

description: Low-temperature thermochronologic response to magmatic reheating: insights from the Takab metallogenic district of NW Iran, (Arabia-Eurasia collision zone)
Automatic Train Control Standard for Ethiopia
Creators: name: Sintayehu, Bezabih
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2014

description: Railway transportation, which is needed in the achievement of effective development, is an efficient, cost-effective and it is environmental friendly transport system. In addition to the low railway network connectivity in Ethiopia like other developing countries, the available one is not modern; has low capacity and is insufficient to facilitate transit trade; and also Ethiopian railway transport has not standardized guidelines to design the control system. In this study an attempt is made to standardize guidelines for railway automatic train control system specifically standardization of equipments, interfaces, procedures of exchange of signals and transmission techniques for conventional (main) lines in Ethiopia. To achieve such objectives the research had a methodology of a task involving literature review discussion and comparison of different country standardization practice; and adaptation of the standards of the different countries according to the context of our country for railway system in Ethiopia. Standardization of guidelines for the automatic train system for Ethiopia context is done based on topography, economy of the country (cost of the control system), interoperability future development of the railway system of the country ,capacity of the control system ,level of safety , culture of the people and different literature reviews. In this automatic train control standard the research suggests two levels of train control system which are European Train Control System (ETCS) level 1 and Communication Based Train Control system (CBTC) according to the above parameters.
Portable continuous wave Doppler ultrasound for primary healthcare in South Africa: can the EUnetHTA Core Model guide evaluation before technology adoption?
Creators: name: Mueller, Debjani
name: Pattinson, Robert C.
name: Hlongwane, Tsakane M.
name: Busse, Reinhard
name: Panteli, Dimitra
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
subject: health technology assessment
subject: Doppler ultrasound
subject: South Africa

description: Background This study had a threefold aim: to test the value of stakeholder involvement in HTA to reduce evidence gaps and interpret findings; and to assess a medical device by applying the EUnetHTA Core Model (CM) in South Africa and thus ultimately provide a first overview of evidence for potential widespread adoption of the technology in a primary health care (PHC) setting. Used in primary healthcare setting for obstetric use, the technology under assessment is a low-cost continuous wave Doppler ultrasound (DUS). Methods The scoping of the assessment was defined by involving policy makers in selecting the domains and corresponding questions relevant to the ultrasound and its use. Additionally, hospital managers were invited to respond to dichotomous questions on the criteria for procurement. To substantiate evidence obtained from an initial literature review, different stakeholders were identified and consulted. The evidence generated fromall steps was used to populate the high-ranked assessment elements of the CM. Results The HTA on continuous-wave DUS incorporated the evidence on organizational, ethical, and social value of its use together with effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of the technology. The domains on “health problem” and “safety” had a higher rank than the rest of the nine domains. Unexplained fetal mortality is the largest single contributor to perinatal deaths in South Africa. Pregnant women in PHC setting were examined using a continuous-wave DUS, after their routine antenatal visit. The healthcare professionals interviewed, indicated the benefit in the use of continuous-wave DUS in the PHC setting and the need for training. Conclusions Collection and generation of evidence based on the HTA CM and the chosen decision criteria provided a generalized but structured guidance on the methodology. Several questions were not applicable for the technology and the context of its use and elimination of those that are inappropriate for the African context, resulted in a pragmatic solution. Engaging and consulting local stakeholders was imperative to understand the context, reduce evidence gaps, and address the uncertainties in the evidence, ultimately paving the way for technology adoption. Given the ongoing studies and the evolving evidence base, the potential of this technology should be reassessed.
Constraints on hadronic models in extensive air showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory
Creators: name: Espadanal, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extensive air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays are sensitive to the details of hadronic interactions models, so we present the main results obtained using the data of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The depth at which the maximum of the electromagnetic development takes place is the most sensitive parameter to infer the nature of the cosmic rays. However, the hadronic models cannot describe consistently the maximum and the muon measurements at energies higher than those reached at the LHC.
description: Proceeding of the MESON 2016 (14th International Workshop on Meson Production, Properties and Interaction KRAK\'OW, POLAND 2nd - 7th June 2016)
Influence of Rail Vehicle Parameters on Lateral and Vertical Accelerations of a Passenger Rail Vehicle
Creators: name: Fiseha, Mengisteab
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2014

description: This paper presents parametric analysis study of the influence of rail vehicle parameters on vertical and lateral car body accelerations. Vehicle parameters such as bogie wheel base, primary and secondary suspension parameters, car body mass, car body yaw, pitch and roll mass moment of inertias have been studied by varying from - 25% to +25% of their original values. The analysis was conducted by modeling and simulating 41 DOF passenger rail vehicle using SIMPACK, multibody dynamics simulation software. The considered vehicle was a conventional rail vehicle with typical measured rail irregularities from SMPACK model data base. The parametric analysis results, in the human ride sensitivity frequency ranges i.e. 0.5-2Hz for lateral and 5-10Hz for vertical accelerations according to ISO 2631, showed that car body mass, car body pitch mass moment of inertia, secondary suspension vertical damping, secondary suspension vertical stiffness, primary suspension vertical damping, primary suspension vertical stiffness and wheel base were sensitive parameters influencing vertical car body acceleration. While lateral acceleration of the vehicle was influenced by car body mass, car body roll & yaw mass moment of inertias, and secondary suspension lateral stiffness & damping, primary suspension lateral stiffness & damping and wheelbase. The analysis was validated by comparing with experimental results. The study will give vital information to designers in optimization of rail vehicles.
Improved weather generator algorithm for multisite simulation of precipitation and temperature
Creators: name: King, Leanna M.
name: McLeod, Ian
name: Simonovic, Slobodan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 62M10

description: The KnnCAD Version 4 weather generator algorithm for nonparametric, multisite simulations of temperature and precipitation data is presented. The K-nearest neighbour weather generator essentially reshuffles the historical data, with replacement. In KnnCAD Version 4, a block resampling scheme is introduced to preserve the temporal correlation structure in temperature data. Perturbation of the reshuffled variable data is also added to enhance the generation of extreme values. A case study of the Upper Thames River Basin in Ontario, Canada is performed and the model is shown to simulate effectively the historical characteristics at the site. The KnnCAD Version 4 approach offers a major advantage over parametric and semi-parametric weather generators as it can be applied to multiple sites for simulation of temperatures and precipitation amounts without making assumptions regarding the spatial correlations and the probability distributions for each variable.
description: 40 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables
Electrical and Computer Engineering for Railway System Analysis of Power Quality Issues in Ethiopia Railway Traction System: The Case of Awash-Woldia Project
Creators: name: Sintayehu, Yilma
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2016

description: The economic growth of any country depends on the utilization of energy resources. This paper presents the traction system power quality issues and methods of improvement about harmonics current, voltage unbalance, and power factor problems. Power quality issues in power systems have been increased due to nonlinear loads. To compensate these problems direct power compensator (DPC) will be proposed in this paper, in which a capacitive coupled hybrid LLC structure is added. The proposed DPC contains back to back converter by giving out the same dc link power and also connected with the secondary side of 132/27.5kV v/v transformer to provide a voltage balance in transmission line. A dual converter with a compensator is employed together with co-phase traction transformers to reduce the current harmonics, telecommunication disturbance, voltage unbalance and power factor problems. Reduction in direct power compensator (DPC) operation voltage can lead to a decrease in the compensation device capacity, power consumptions, and installation cost. The parameter design procedures for minimum dc voltage operation of direct power compensator (DPC) are being explored. To inject the same compensating currents to the traction power supply system, the DC bus voltage of the direct power compensator (DPC) could be much lower than that of a conventional railway power conditioner (RPC). As a result, the cost of the power quality conditioner is reduced. Simulation models are built with a direct power compensator (DPC) connected to the secondary side of a 132 kV/27.5 kV V/V transformer. Simulation results shows the direct power compensator (DPC) could compensate reactive power, unbalance voltage and current harmonics simultaneously. According to this research the system voltage and current harmonic distortion without direct power compensator was 6.71% and 26.46% respectively with power factor value of 0.81. But when DPC is used voltage and current harmonic distortion is changed to 0.82% and 1.28% with power factor value of 0.99. Co-phase traction power supply with proposed direct power compensator (DPC) is therefore, suitable for high-speed traction applications.
Damped large amplitude oscillations in a solar prominence and a bundle of coronal loops
Creators: name: Zhang, Quanhao
name: Wang, Yuming
name: Liu, Rui
name: Shen, Chenglong
name: Zhang, Min
name: Gou, Tingyu
name: Liu, Jiajia
name: Liu, Kai
name: Zhou, Zhenjun
name: Wang, Shui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the evolutions of two prominences (P1,P2) and two bundles of coronal loops (L1,L2), observed with SDO/AIA near the east solar limb on 2012 September 22. It is found that there were large-amplitude oscillations in P1 and L1, but no detectable motions in P2 and L2. These transverse oscillations were triggered by a large-scale coronal wave, originating from a large flare in a remote active region behind the solar limb. By carefully comparing the locations and heights of these oscillating and non-oscillating structures, we conclude that the propagating height of the wave is between 50 Mm and 130 Mm. The wave energy deposited in the oscillating prominence and coronal loops is at least of the order of $10^{28}$ erg. Furthermore, local magnetic field strength and Alfvén speeds are derived from the oscillating periods and damping time scales, which are extracted from the time series of the oscillations. It is demonstrated that oscillations can be used in not only coronal seismology, but also revealing the properties of the wave.
description: This paper is to be published in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Deep Learning and Adversarial Approach to Time Series Classification and Healthcare Engineering
Creators: name: Harford, Samuel
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation explores the applications of deep learning techniques in time series classification and healthcare, particularly in the context of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Deep learning algorithms have shown their ability to identify underlying patterns in both fields. The contributions of this dissertation include the development of a multivariate adversarial generator, the use of octave convolutions to improve classification accuracy, a transfer learning algorithm for detecting out-of-distribution data, and a deep learning technique to model OHCA survival and decision-making. These contributions aim to support OHCA community interventions and showcase the potential of deep learning in healthcare. With the availability of large datasets and new sensing technologies, deep learning techniques are rapidly evolving and hold great promise in fields beyond classification tasks.
Towards Model Size-Agnostic Memory-Based Inference of Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Giacomini, Davide
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: The rapid advancement of deep neural networks has led to significant improvements in various tasks such as image and speech recognition. However, as the complexity of these models increases, so does the computational cost and the number of parameters, making it diﬀicult to deploy them on resource-constrained devices [1]. In this thesis, to address this issue, I will propose a novel approach called Memory-Based Inference (MBI). MBI’s objective is to eliminate the heavy and time-consuming computation required in- ference. As networks grow deeper and larger, the power and time required for inference also increase, making it more diﬀicult to deploy them in constrained applications. MBI addresses this issue by solely relying on a pre-trained table made by inputs and outputs of the model. Without computing matrix or vector multiplications, MBI extracts outputs directly from the trained table, comparing the new sample with the inputs present in the table. As a result, inference becomes size-agnostic and is no longer dependent on the depth or size of the network. Furthermore, this approach is highly scalable, even when modifications are made to the network’s structure.
A new methodology for assessing cracked complex structures
Creators: name: Wallbrink., Christopher Duncan
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
William Pendry Bidelman (1918-2011)
Creators: name: Bond, Howard E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: William P. Bidelman--Editor of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific from 1956 to 1961--passed away on 2011 May 3, at the age of 92. He was one of the last of the masters of visual stellar spectral classification and the identification of peculiar stars. I review his contributions to these subjects, including the discoveries of barium stars, hydrogen-deficient stars, high-galactic-latitude supergiants, stars with anomalous carbon content, and exotic chemical abundances in peculiar A and B stars. Bidelman was legendary for his encyclopedic knowledge of the stellar literature. He had a profound and inspirational influence on many colleagues and students. Some of the bizarre stellar phenomena he discovered remain unexplained to the present day.
description: Obituary of W. P. Bidelman, to appear in Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Investigating the Wheel Wear of Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit (AALRT)
Creators: name: Dula, Fekadu
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2017

description: This paper presents a reasonable approach to the causes behind the wheel wear at Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit (AALRT). Factors that led to wheel wear were investigated through site inspections/interviews with experts which gave the general truth of the problem and hinted potential factors that brought about the problem. Based on these findings, combination of issues related to inadequate friction management and poor track infrastructure are key factors which have led to wheel wear. Additionally, analysis of actual wheel data measurements taken from AALRT depots was used to find out the type of wear and from the two lines, North-South and East-West lines, identifying the line that is affected more by comparing vehicles from both lines. The tight curves at AALRT, mainly in the North-South line, contribute to high flange wear as of the wheel data analysis under taken. Then Multi-Body Simulation analysis of AALRT vehicle was carried out using SIMPACK software. AALRT vehicle's performance was simulated in curves and straight tracks, then validated against the standards of the vehicle such as, coefficient of derailment, ride index and lateral force. Then parameters, namely critical speed, coefficient of friction and passenger loading, are identified from literature reviews and their effects on wear index were determined based on existing track infrastructure of AALRT. The simulation results gave longitudinal/lateral creepages and longitudinal/ lateral creep forces which were then used to calculate wear index. Based on the simulation results, critical speed of 40 km/hr led to the highest wear index of 1303.78 while the lowest wear index of 1240.14 is obtained at the critical speed of 20 km/hr, based on existing track infrastructure. In addition, higher coefficient of friction, 0.55 resulted in higher wear index of 3136.33; the lowest coefficient of friction, 0.25, resulted in the lowest wear index of 888.44. It is also evident that based on existing track infrastructure, overload of 20 tons caused higher wear index of 1278.63 compared to empty load obtaining the lowest wear index of 977.07. To minimize the problem of wheel wear at AALRT, suitable lubrication and better method of application, improved wheel/rail material, revised track alignment for easing of sharper curves and improved workshop facilities are recommended in this work.
Fatigue Failure Analysis on Curved Rail of Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit (AALRT)
Creators: name: Gemechu, Dugassa
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2017

description: The rails are the supporting parts with which the wheels are in contact. Rails, as the heart of the railway system, are subjected to very high service loads and harsh environmental conditions. Fatigue failure in rails can be initiated at the rail head, at the web and/or at the foot. The main objective of the study is analyzing fatigue on curved rail due to cyclic wheel load that causes failures and determining fatigue life of rail in Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit. The fatigue analysis on curved rail route on going with 3D modelling on CATIA V5 software and imported to ANSYSv16 workbench software for finite element analysis. The analysis deals with the curved rail route profile with fifty meter radius located at three places (stadium, saint lideta and autobistera) with working period during morning peak hour, day flat hour, and afternoon peak hour. During the analysis of wheel/rail contact in ANSYS software, the parameters have been used are wheel vertical load, wheel lateral load, angular velocity and gravitational acceleration. From ANSYS workbench software result at stadium during afternoon peak hour is highly exposed to the equivalent alternating stress, pressure distribution and fatigue damage than the result at saint lideta and autobistera. For this reason, the rail service life at stadium during afternoon peak hour is small as compared to the rail service life at saint lideta and autobistera curved rail route location. On the curved rail at autobistera: the equivalent alternating stress, pressure distribution and fatigue damage is small in comparison to the curved rail at stadium and saint lideta. The fatigue life will be better at autobistera.
Airborne Particulate-Bound Metals in Chicago: Seasonal and Spatial Variability
Creators: name: Foss, Kelsey L
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: Airborne particulate matter (PM) samples were collected continuously at the University of Illinois Chicago (UIC) for 39.6 weeks throughout 2021, separated into three size fractions (0.3-1.2 µm, 1.2-2.5 µm, and > 2.5 µm), and analyzed via Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry for a suite of metals. Statistical methods including principal components analysis, Mahalanobis distances, correlation tests, Ward’s clustering, and box-and-whisker plots were used to evaluate the resulting concentrations for differences between size fractions and seasonal and spatial variability in comparison to contemporaneous data collected at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sites across the Chicago region. Overall, samples in the coarsest size fraction (PM>2.5) contain the most metal, contributed by the greatest number of elements; half the analyzed elements were rarely or never detected in the finer two size fractions (PM0.3-2.5) at UIC. The distribution of metals in PM0.3-2.5 exhibits seasonal variability, whereas the relative abundance of metals in PM>2.5 remains similar throughout the year. PM>2.5-bound metals are also more strongly correlated to one another than PM0.3-2.5-bound metals. In PM>2.5, concentrations of Ag, As, Ca, Cd, Fe, Mg, Mo, Pb, Sb, and Ti are positively correlated to southerly and/or southwesterly winds throughout the year; in PM0.3-2.5, only Mo concentrations are positively correlated to southwesterly winds. According to the EPA’s Toxics Emissions Inventory (2022), the industrial point sources responsible for the heaviest atmospheric metals emissions are located south of UIC. PM0.3-2.5 samples collected during 4/20-4/27, 6/2-6/9, and 9/8-9/15 contain unusually high concentrations of certain metals – not only at UIC but also at EPA sites. Despite contemporaneous spikes in certain elements at multiple sites, no metals are positively correlated across all sites except for Al, Cu, and Ti. Aluminum, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Ti are associated with one another at all sites. These five elements, along with Cu, likely share road dust as a major source. Because several of the most abundant metals (e.g., Al, Fe, Mn) throughout the study region are linked to health hazards, and because EPA data only represent atmospheric conditions during 1/3 of the year at most, further continuous monitoring of PM-bound metals is recommended.
Wessel_etal_SuppFigs from Pigmentation biosynthesis influences the microbiome in sea urchins
Creators: name: Wessel, Gary M.
name: Kiyomoto, Masato
name: Reitzel, Adam M.
name: Carrier, Tyler J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: All supplemental figures
Function-Space Based Solution Scheme for the Size-Modified Poisson-Boltzmann Equation in Full-Potential DFT
Creators: name: Ringe, Stefan
name: Oberhofer, Harald
name: Hille, Christoph
name: Matera, Sebastian
name: Reuter, Karsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The size-modified Poisson-Boltzmann (MPB) equation is an efficient implicit solvation model which also captures electrolytic solvent effects. It combines an account of the dielectric solvent response with a mean-field description of solvated finite-sized ions. We present a general solution scheme for the MPB equation based on a fast function-space oriented Newton method and a Green's function preconditioned iterative linear solver. In contrast to popular multi-grid solvers this approach allows to fully exploit specialized integration grids and optimized integration schemes. We describe a corresponding numerically efficient implementation for the full-potential density-functional theory (DFT) code FHI-aims. We show that together with an additional Stern layer correction the DFT+MPB approach can describe the mean activity coefficient of a KCl aqueous solution over a wide range of concentrations. The high sensitivity of the calculated activity coefficient on the employed ionic parameters thereby suggests to use extensively tabulated experimental activity coefficients of salt solutions for a systematic parametrization protocol.
description: Just accepted at Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation. This document is the unedited Authors version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in the Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, copyright American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work see http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00435
Partial discharge and dissipation factor data analysis for condition-monitoring of generator stator conductors
Creators: name: Wai., George Leung
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Computer Program for Deflection Chart of Simply Supported Prestressed Railway Girder
Creators: name: Fiseha, Nega
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2016

description: Light rail transit has been under construction in the city for the last two years and it crosses many intersection and roundabouts. Most of the time the rail crosses the road with elevated bridge using a prestressed girder but due to design limitation the span of the bridge is limited and this leads to a number of closely spaced piers in the city centers which interferes with the traffic flow and causes more traffic congestion to the ever growing city of Addis Ababa. Traffic congestion around intersection and round about is the major problem in big cities like Addis Ababa. Therefore when other infrastructure interferes with the existing flow the problem is worse. And one of the main factors that limit the span of the structure is deflection requirement. Therefore being able to assess and know the deflection of prestressed girder as precisely as possible will indeed help in designing an economical large span girders. In designing prestressed girder, calculating deflection the necessary and rigorous step which one has to calculate at the end of the design process and tell whether the design girder is within the allowable limit or not. If it is not the designer has to change the cross sectional dimension and repeat the whole step once again. But if the designer can certainly know the deflection of that structure in advance of those steps he/she can eliminate such iteration. Therefore this thesis intended to develop a program that plot a deflection chart for simply supported prestressed railway girder. MATLAB programing language has been used to develop the program of deflection calculation and to plot the chart. Microsoft excel has also been used to develop a deflection calculation template for checking purpose. Mainly AAHSTO LRFD Bridge specification, American Concrete Institute (ACI) publications and American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-way Association (AREMA) has been used in this thesis but other important material has also been referred when needed. The findings were one can control the deflection or camber of the prestressed member with the magnitude of the applied load and varying the eccentricity of the tendon profile both at the support and at the mid-span. However the deflection vs. span length chart will show some unexpected behavior after a certain span length. It suddenly changes is dimension and direction in unanticipated manner. And this leads to the development of another chart "the design chart" which tells the minimum prestressing force needed and the working range of a certain geometric section for a given load. And from this we notice that for a given load and a given cross-sectional geometry a prestressed member has not only a maximum span length limit but also a minimum span length limit in order to serve the intended function without failure.
Primeness property for graded central polynomials of verbally prime algebras
Creators: name: Diniz, Diogo
name: Junior, Claudemir Fidelis Bezerra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16R20 16W50 16R99

description: Let $F$ be an infinite field. The primeness property for central polynomials of $M_n(F)$ was proved by A. Regev, i.e., if the product of two polynomials in distinct variables is central then each factor is also central. In this paper we consider the analogous property for $M_n(F)$ and determine, within the elementary gradings with commutative neutral component, the ones that satisfy this property, namely the crossed product gradings. Next we consider $M_n(R)$, where $R$ admits a regular grading, with a grading such that $M_n(F)$ is a homogeneous subalgebra and provide sufficient conditions - satisfied by $M_n(E)$ with the trivial grading - to prove that $M_n(R)$ has the primeness property if $M_n(F)$ does. We also prove that the algebras $M_{a,b}(E)$ satisfy this property for ordinary central polynomials. Hence over a field of characteristic zero every verbally prime algebra as the primeness property.
Inorganic substances in super-critical fluids
Creators: name: Wadsley., Michael Wright
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
A Bilocal Model for the Relativistic Spinning Particle
Creators: name: Rempel, Trevor
name: Freidel, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we show that a relativistic spinning particle can be described at the classical and the quantum level as being composed of two physical constituents which are entangled and separated by a fixed distance. This bilocal model for spinning particles allows for a natural description of particle interactions as a local interaction at each of the constituents. This form of the interaction vertex provides a resolution to a long standing issue on the nature of relativistic interactions for spinning objects in the context of the worldline formalism. It also potentially brings a dynamical explanation for why massive fundamental objects are naturally of lowest spin. We analyze first a non-relativistic system where spin is modeled as an entangled state of two particles with the entanglement encoded into a set of constraints. It is shown that these constraints can be made relativistic and that the resulting description is isomorphic to the usual description of the phase space of massive relativistic particles with the restriction that the quantum spin has to be an integer.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
Wastewater Reuse: Drivers, Policies, Technologies, Sustainability, and Case Studies
Creators: name: Kandou, Valeria Beauty
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: Water reuse is a practical solution to augment water supplies in areas where water resources are increasingly scarce. Water reuse technology is versatile and can be used to alleviate the different causes of water scarcity, such as groundwater depletion or increased availability of brackish water. Treatment technologies can be tailored specifically to the end use of recycled water, focusing on these drivers that are region specific, for a more cost-effective treatment system. This is called “Fit-for-Purpose” strategy that is commonly implemented in any water reuse project. However, implementing water reuse can be challenging due to infrastructural requirements, economic issues, and social acceptance. To help navigate these challenges, this article provides a comprehensive review of water reuse cases and presents guidelines that can act as a reference framework for future water reuse projects.
Economical Analysis and Design for The Selection of A Pre-Stressed T–And Box Girder Railway Bridges
Creators: name: Khaire, Mohamed
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2016

description: A bridge is an important part of a transport network since it involves a lot of money, effort and required during railway construction project. Girder bridges are by the far the most common of all bridges types nowadays and using pre-stressed concrete instead reinforced concrete is a way to obtain a lighter structure self-weight particularly when designing a railway bridges because of their heavier loads in counter part of the highway bridges. The aim of this thesis is to develop a useful excel sheets for analysis and design and finally perform the selection of an economical types of bridges whether a pre-stressed Tor Box-girder taking construction cost as basis of comparisons. The designed bridges have the lengths between 20 and 30 meters because the expected demarcation point is located in this range and the AREMA recommendations have been considered. There will be some limitations in the calculations for example post-tensioned system is used, the bridges are supposed to have straight track and are considered simple supported. The developed sheets are illustrated using particular examples of both T- and Box-Girder bridges. The conducted comparative study based on the prevailing rates of construction cost as main comparator in order to identify the economical span range of the both superstructures girders revealed that pre-stressed T-girder is economical up to 24m and that of the Box-girder is economical beyond 24m.
Eberhardt's inequality and recent loophole-free experiments
Creators: name: Hnilo, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments using innovative optical detectors and techniques have strongly increased the capacity of testing the violation of the Bell's inequalities in the Nature. Most of them have used the Eberhardt's inequality (EI) to close the "detection" loophole. Closing the "locality" loophole has been attempted by space-like separated detections and fast and random changes in the setting of the bases of observation. Also, pulsed pumping and time stamped data to close the "time-coincidence" loophole, and sophisticated statistical methods to close the "memory" loophole, have been used. In this paper, the meaning of the EI is reviewed. A simple hidden-variables theory based on a relaxation of the condition of "measurement independence", which was devised long ago for the Clauser-Horne-Shimony and Holt inequality, is adapted to the EI case. It is used here to evaluate the significance of the results of the new experiments, which are briefly described. A Table summarizes the main results.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
A study of some slot discontinuities in rectangular waveguides
Creators: name: Khac., Thong Vu
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Manual for Citizen Science Community Building
Creators: name: Greta, Nasi
name: Novaro Riccardo
name: Angelidou Margarita
name: Stylianidis Efstratios
name: Wildewuur Sabine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The deliverable D2.3 “Manual for Citizen Science community building” has been developed under the framework of the H2020 INCENTIVE project. This project aims at empowering European Research Performing and Funding Organizations (RPFOs) to establish sustainable transdisciplinary hubs for stimulating and supporting excellent Citizen Science (CS). While the RPFOs are ultimately responsible for designing, setting up, and operating their CSHs, the consortium’s partners provided inspiration with a set of baseline elements for the governance, operating, and monitoring model of the hubs, and guidance with the core principle of RRI. This deliverable elaborates a manual and defines the tools needed to incentivise and engage QH stakeholders in the Citizen Science Hubs (CSHs) of the four RPFOs (University of Twente, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Vilnius Gediminas Technical University). Also, this task builds on the work of other Work Packages (in
 particular D1.2 “Profile of the 4 RPFOs: Institutional structure, capacity and needs”, D1.3 “Requirements and motivations of quadruple helix stakeholders for active engagement in the Citizen Science Hubs”, and D2.1 “Co-Creation Workshop and its outcomes”). To collect further information, an online survey has been developed, involving an overall sample of 1052 participants representative of the four countries (Greece, Lithuania, the Netherlands and Spain). The results provide relevant insights for what concerns the most effective tools to be implemented in the four local contexts to foster stakeholders’ engagement and maintain it over time. The deliverable is structured as follows:
 • Chapter 1 introduces the aim of the manual, together with the research question and the methodological approach to tackle it.
 • Chapter 2 presents the theoretical background, for what concerns the individual willingness to co-produce and participate in Citizen Science projects and the main tools
 exploited in the literature.
 • Chapter 3 moves towards the empirical part of the manual, presenting the methodological approach exploited to test some of the most relevant tools chosen from the previous chapter.
 • Chapter 4 presents the main evidence of a survey, with a focus on potential cultural
 heterogeneities and on specific potentially underrepresented categories of citizens.
 • Chapter 5 concludes, by summarising the main results.
 • Chapter 6 provides concrete guidelines to incentivise stakeholders, while Chapter 7
 focuses on further implications.
 • The Appendix presents the text of the survey plus some additional tables.
The bound fraction of young star clusters
Creators: name: Brinkmann, N.
name: Banerjee, S.
name: Motwani, B.
name: Kroupa, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The residual gas within newly formed star clusters is expelled through stellar feedback on timescales ~ 1 Myr. The subsequent expansion of the cluster results in an unbinding of a fraction of stars before the remaining cluster members can re-virialize and form a surviving cluster. We investigate the bound fraction after gas expulsion as a function of initial cluster mass in stars and gauge the influence of primordial mass segregation, stellar evolution and the tidal field at the solar distance. We also assess the impact of the star-formation efficiency and gas expulsion velocity. We perform N-body simulations using Sverre Aarseth's NBODY7 code, starting with compact clusters in their embedded phase and approximate the gas expulsion by means of an exponentially depleting external gravitational field. We follow the process of re-virialization through detailed monitoring of different Lagrange radii over several Myr, examining initial half-mass radii of 0.1 pc, 0.3 pc and 0.5 pc and initial masses usually ranging from $5\times10^3 M_\odot$ to $5\times10^4 M_\odot$. The adopted star-formation efficiency of 0.33 in the cluster volume results in a distinct sensitivity to the gas expulsion velocity over a wide mass range, while a variation of the star-formation efficiency can make the cluster robust to the rapidly decreasing external potential. We confirm that primordial mass segregation leads to a smaller bound fraction, its influence possibly decreasing with mass. Stellar evolution has a higher impact on lower mass clusters, but heating through dynamical friction could expand the cluster to a similar extent. The examined clusters expand well within their tidal radii and would survive gas expulsion even in a strong tidal field.
description: 12 pages, 21 figures. In press with Astronomy and Astrophysics
Efficient Evaluation of Massive Mellin--Barnes Integrals
Creators: name: Gluza, Janusz
name: Jelinski, Tomasz
name: Kosower, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to evaluate one-dimensional Minkowski-region Mellin-Barnes representations arising from massive loop integrals, by modifying the contours of integration. We implement an exact solution to the differential equation determining the contours of stationary phase. We also present several simple approximations to these contours. Our approach points the way to more efficient computations of massless and massive Mellin-Barnes integrals in both Euclidean and Minkowski regions.
description: 53 pages, 32 figures
Distributionally Robust Structural Learning
Creators: name: Li, Yeshu
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: Decision-making under uncertainty is common in various areas of study. Structural learning is a decision problem that involves seeking the optimal structure typically from an exponential number of structures. The task is usually performed on a finite set of samples observed from uncertain environments, which may be subject to unexpected contamination thus unreliable. The combinatorial nature and uncertainty pose challenges to relevant algorithms, particularly in the large-scale setting. We suggest that a successful structural learning method should have low time complexity, high sample efficiency, estimator consistency and robustness at the same time. In this dissertation, we propose a statistical learning framework that fulfills these requirements to tackle several structural learning problems based on techniques in the emerging fields of distributionally robust optimization (DRO). Our models hedge against a set of distributions consistent with data in terms of certain a priori assumptions. The set constitutes our uncertainty about the underlying data-generating mechanism and can be constructed in a flexible way. We establish desirable theoretical guarantees and put forward practical algorithms for specific learning problems with judiciously chosen uncertainty sets.
Time resolved spectroscopy and photometry of three little known bright cataclysmic variables: LS IV -08$^{\rm o}$ 3, HQ Monocerotis and ST Chamaeleontis
Creators: name: Bruch, Albert
name: Diaz, Marcos P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As part of a project to better characterize comparatively bright but so far little studied cataclysmic variables in the southern hemisphere, we have obtained spectroscopic and photometric data of the nova-like variables LS IV -08$^{\rm o}$ 3 and HQ Mon, and of the Z Cam type dwarf nova ST Cha. The spectra of all systems are as expected for their respective types. We derive improved orbital ephemeris of LS IV -08$^{\rm o}$ 3 and map its accretion disk in the light of the H$α$ emission using Doppler tomography. We find that the emission has a two component origin, arising in the outer parts of the accretion disk and possibly on the illuminated face of the secondary star. The light curve of LS IV -08$^{\rm o}$ 3 exhibits a low level of flickering and indications for a modulation on the orbital period. Spectroscopy of HQ Mon suggests an orbital period of $\approx$5.15 hours which is incompatible with previous (uncertain) estimates. The light curves show the typical low scale flickering of UX UMa type nova-like systems, superposed upon variations on longer time scales. During one night a modulation with a period of $\approx$41 min is observed, visible for at least 4 hours. However, it does not repeat itself in other nights. A spectroscopic orbital period of $\approx$5.5 hours is derived for ST Cha. A previously suspected period of 6.8 hours (or alternatively 9.6 hours), based on historical photographic photometry is incompatible with the spectroscopic period. Moreover, we show that our new as well as previous photometry does not contain evidence for the quoted photometric period.