cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Excitation spectra of strongly correlated lattice bosons and polaritons
Creators: name: Pippan, Peter
name: Evertz, Hans Gerd
name: Hohenadler, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral properties of the Bose-Hubbard model and a recently proposed coupled-cavity model are studied by means of quantum Monte Carlo simulations in one dimension. Both models exhibit a quantum phase transition from a Mott insulator to a superfluid phase. The dynamic structure factor $S(k,ω)$ and the single-particle spectrum $A(k,ω)$ are calculated, focusing on the parameter region around the phase transition from the Mott insulator with density one to the superfluid phase, where correlations are important. The strongly interacting nature of the superfluid phase manifests itself in terms of additional gapped modes in the spectra. Comparison is made to recent analytical work on the Bose-Hubbard model. Despite some subtle differences due to the polaritonic particles in the cavity model, the gross features are found to be very similar to the Bose-Hubbard case. For the polariton model, emergent particle-hole symmetry near the Mott lobe tip is demonstrated, and temperature and detuning effects are analyzed. A scaling analysis for the generic transition suggests mean field exponents, in accordance with field theory results.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures, final version
Torelli theorem for graphs and tropical curves
Creators: name: Caporaso, Lucia
name: Viviani, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05CXX, 14HXX

description: Algebraic curves have a discrete analogue in finite graphs. Pursuing this analogy we prove a Torelli theorem for graphs. Namely, we show that two graphs have the same Albanese torus if and only if the graphs obtained from them by contracting all separating edges are 2-isomorphic. In particular, the strong Torelli theorem holds for 3-connected graphs. Next, using the correspondence between compact tropical curves and metric graphs, we prove a tropical Torelli theorem giving necessary and sufficient conditions for two tropical curves to have the same principally polarized tropical Jacobian. Finally we describe some natural posets associated to a graph and prove that they characterize its Delaunay decomposition.
description: Final version incorporating the referee's suggestions. To appear in DMJ. 30 pages
Tiny pores turning the tide
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Soumya
name: Champness, Neil R.
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: A decade ago, Zaworotko and co-workers engaged the principles of crystal engineering to demonstrate that narrow-pore (<0.7 nm) coordination networks are ideal sorbent platforms for small-molecule sorbates. This approach transformed sorbent design for such separations and has provided several performance benchmarks in trace gas capture-enabled purifications.
Homines Diversi: Heterogeneous Earner Behaviors in the Platform Economy
Creators: name: Cansoy, Mehmet
name: Eddy, Samantha
name: Ladegaard, Isak
name: Schor, Juliet B.
Publisher: name: Sociologica
Year: 2021

description: The platform economy has entered its second decade, and researchers are developing new theorizations of it as an economic form. One important feature is a heterogeneous labor force with respect to hours of work. In this paper, we identify another type of heterogeneity, which is the diversity of economic orientation of earners. Using in-depth interview data from 102 earners on three platforms (Airbnb, TaskRabbit, and StocksyUnited) we find that even within individual platforms, earners have different behavioral models. We have identified three — the maximizing homo economicus; sociologists’ relational homo socialis; and homo instrumentalis. We present evidence of these three types. We then discuss platform policies and how earner diversity aligns with their imperatives for growth.
description: Sociologica, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2020): Power and Control in Platform Monopoly Capitalism
Additional file 1 of Regional differences in clonal Japanese knotweed revealed by chemometrics-linked attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
Creators: name: Holden, Claire A.
name: Morais, Camilo L. M.
name: Taylor, Jane E.
name: Martin, Francis L.
name: Beckett, Paul
name: McAinsh, Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1.
ZAMONAVIY ENERGETIKADA REKTENNALARDAN FOYDALANISH IMKONIYATLARI
Creators: name: Abduraxmanov, G.
name: Reymbaeva, S.
name: Almardonov, Sh.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Toza qayta tiklanadigan energiyaga global talabning tobora ortib borayotgani bizning sayyoramiz kelajagi uchun katta iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy ta'sir ko'rsatadigan muhim mavzudir. Ta’biiy qazilma energiya resurslari cheklanganligi bois, butun dunyoda energetikaning istiqbolli yo’nalishlarida izlanishlar olib borilmoqda. Quyosh doimiy energiya manbai, shuning uchun uning nuridan elektr energiyasi olishning samaraliroq usullarini yaratish aholini va iqtisodiyot tarmoqlarini energiya bilan ta’minlash muammosini hal qiladi hamda atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilishga yordam beradi.
Transformation or Structural Change? What Polanyi Can Teach Us about the Platform Economy
Creators: name: Kenney, Martin
name: Zysman, John
name: Bearson, Dafna
Publisher: name: Sociologica
Year: 2021

description: The rise of the platform economy marks the latest phase in the ongoing digital revolution. Indeed, the platform is to this digital era what the factory was to the industrial era, both a symbol and an organizing mechanism. Gernot Grabher and Jonas König (2020) used Karl Polanyi’s analysis of what he termed the “great transformation” to frame the rise of platform economy. The platform economy is remarkable as it confirms Polanyi’s (and Marx’s before him) insight that the reach of the market is based upon increased commodification as it has been able to reach into ever more parts of social life. We introduced the term “platform economy” in 2015 because we recognized that the digital platforms were changing the dynamics of capitalist accumulation – an analysis framed by regulationist school of political economy. The intuition was that the socio-technical innovation of digital online platforms was the critical fulcrum for an economic restructuring that would rewire the flows of data and ultimately money and power. The firms we have termed the "mega-platforms", Apple, Amazon, Facebook, Google, and Microsoft, have become the most valuable and powerful firms in the world. Importantly, the reach of these platforms is global and yet local and personal. Moreover, this platform power has only been reinforced during the COVID-19 pandemic.
description: Sociologica, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2020): Power and Control in Platform Monopoly Capitalism
Electronic structure of the SrTiO$_3$/LaAlO$_3$ interface revealed by resonant soft x-ray scattering
Creators: name: Wadati, H.
name: Hawthorn, D. G.
name: Geck, J.
name: Higuchi, T.
name: Hikita, Y.
name: Hwang, H. Y.
name: Huang, S. -W.
name: Huang, D. J.
name: Lin, H. -J.
name: Schussler-Langeheine, C.
name: Wu, H. -H.
name: Schierle, E.
name: Weschke, E.
name: Sawatzky, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the electronic structure of the SrTiO$_3$/LaAlO$_3$ superlattice (SL) by resonant soft x-ray scattering. The (003) peak, which is forbidden for our "ideal" SL structure, was observed at all photon energies, indicating reconstruction at the interface. From the peak position analyses taking into account the effects of refraction, we obtained evidence for electronic reconstruction of Ti 3d and O $2p$ states at the interface. From reflectivity analyses, we concluded that the AlO$_2$/LaO/TiO$_2$/SrO and the TiO$_2$/SrO/AlO$_2$/LaO interfaces are quite different, leading to highly asymmetric properties.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Perspectives of pain specialists, patients, and family members on long-term opioid use for chronic non-cancer pain: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Seangrung, Rattaphol
name: Tempeetikul, Thongchai
name: Pannarunothai, Supasit
name: Sakdanuwatwong, Supalak
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
NI4OS-Europe Stakeholder map, inventory, policy matrix update
Creators: name: Kosanović, Biljana
name: Ševkušić, Milica
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Stakeholder map, inventory, policy matrix update: Along with identifying changes in the landscape (new stakeholder clusters within NOSCIs; new inventories; new policies), the deliverable provides the details as captured in the second half of NI4OS-Europe, highlights the value of the sources of information created during the project and mechanisms to keep these sources updated.
Souslin's conjecture and some equivalences
Creators: name: Daniel, Ian Alistair
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This thesis deals with some equivalences to Soulin's hypothesis. Also included is a consequence of its negation, the existence of a normal Hausdorff space which is not countably paracompact. Two equivalences to Souslin's hypothesis can be obtained by considering the countable chain condition in the product with itself of an ordered continuum and by considering Peano maps on ordered continua. An equivalence to a negative answer is the existence of a tree of cardinality, [formula omitted] ₁, in which every chain and antichain (set of pairwise incomparable objects) is countable. Another equivalence to Souslin's hypothesis is obtained by assuming that a continuum which is the continuous image of an ordered continuum is metrizable if and only if it has the countable chain condition. We get yet another by assuming that a compactum which is the continuous image of an ordered compactum is separable if and only if it has the countable chain condition. Finally, if we restrict ourselves to compacta of the type just mentioned we find that Souslin's hypothesis is equivalent to a generalization of a metrization theorem of S. Mardeśic.
A Pandemic of Prediction: On the Circulation of Contagion Models between Public Health and Public Safety
Creators: name: Heimstädt, Maximilian
name: Egbert, Simon
name: Esposito, Elena
Publisher: name: Sociologica
Year: 2021

description: Digital prediction tools increasingly complement or replace other practices of coping with an uncertain future. The current COVID-19 pandemic, it seems, is further accelerating the spread of prediction. The prediction of the pandemic yields a pandemic of prediction. In this paper, we explore this dynamic, focusing on contagion models and their transmission back and forth between two domains of society: public health and public safety. We connect this movement with a fundamental duality in the prevention of contagion risk concerning the two sides of being-at-risk and being-a-risk. Both in the spread of a disease and in the spread of criminal behavior, a person at risk can be a risk to others and vice versa. Based on key examples, from this perspective we observe and interpret a circular movement in three phases. In the past, contagion models have moved from public health to public safety, as in the case of the Strategic Subject List used in the policing activity of the Chicago Police Department. In the present COVID-19 pandemic, the analytic tools of policing wander to the domain of public health – exemplary of this movement is the cooperation between the data infrastructure firm Palantir and the UK government’s public health system NHS. The expectation that in the future the predictive capacities of digital contact tracing apps might spill over from public health to policing is currently shaping the development and use of tools such as the Corona-Warn-App in Germany. In all these cases, the challenge of pandemic governance lies in managing the connections and the exchanges between the two areas of public health and public safety while at the same time keeping the autonomy of each.
description: Sociologica, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2020): Power and Control in Platform Monopoly Capitalism
Measurement of Conduction Electron Polarization Via the Pairing Resonance
Creators: name: Xiong, Y. M.
name: Adams, P. W.
name: Catelani, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the pairing resonance in the Pauli-limited normal state of ultra-thin superconducting Al films provides a spin-resolved probe of conduction electron polarization in thin magnetic films. A superconductor-insulator-ferromagnet tunneling junction is used to measure the density of states in supercritical parallel magnetic fields that are well beyond the Clogston-Chandresekhar limit, thus greatly extending the field range of the tunneling density of states technique. The applicability and limitations of using the pairing resonance as a spin probe are discussed.
description: 4 figures; to appear in PRL
Universal linear Bogoliubov transformations through one-way quantum computation
Creators: name: Ukai, Ryuji
name: Yoshikawa, Jun-ichi
name: Iwata, Noriaki
name: van Loock, Peter
name: Furusawa, Akira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show explicitly how to realize an arbitrary linear unitary Bogoliubov transformation (LUBO) on a multi-mode quantum state through homodyne-based one-way quantum computation. Any LUBO can be approximated by means of a fixed, finite-sized, sufficiently squeezed Gaussian cluster state that allows for the implementation of beam splitters (in form of three-mode connection gates) and general one-mode LUBOs. In particular, we demonstrate that a linear four-mode cluster state is a sufficient resource for an arbitrary one-mode LUBO. Arbitrary input quantum states including non-Gaussian states could be efficiently attached to the cluster through quantum teleportation.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of Sugammadex, neostigmine and postoperative pulmonary complications: an international randomised feasibility and pilot trial
Creators: name: Leslie, Kate
name: Chan, Matthew T. V.
name: Darvall, Jai N.
name: De Silva, Anurika P.
name: Braat, Sabine
name: Devlin, Nancy J.
name: Peyton, Philip J.
name: Radnor, Jade
name: Lam, Carmen K. M.
name: Sidiropoulos, Sofia
name: Story, David A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Жизнь, подвиг и память об Александре Николаевиче Пехтине
Creators: name: Дранишников Тимур Ильич
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Александр Николаевич Пехтин
Великая Отечественная война
оборона Севастополя
Северное укрепление
Глазов
Alexander Nikolaevich Pekhtin
The Great Patriotic War
defense of Sevastopol
Northern fortification
Glazov

description: Аннотация. В статье изучена история жизни Александра Николаевича Пехтина, который внес значительный вклад во Вторую оборону Севастополя, командуя обороной Северного укрепления, длившейся с 19 по 22 июня 1942 года. Рассматриваются действия, увековечивающие память о нем и подвиг гарнизона Северного укрепления. Сделан вывод, что в Севастополе, городе, за который погиб Александр Пехтин, практически нет упоминаний о нем. Необходимо проводить работу по  распространению информации о его подвиге. 

Annotation. The article examines the life story of Alexander Nikolaevich Pekhtin, who made a significant contribution to the second defense of Sevastopol, commanding the defense of the Northern Fort, which lasted from June 19 to June 22, 1942. The actions perpetuating the memory of him and the feat of the garrison of the Northern Fortification are considered. It is concluded that in Sevastopol, the city for which Alexander Pekhtin died, there is practically no mention of him and that it is necessary to carry out work to disseminate information about his feat.
Pseudo-bosons, Riesz bases and coherent states
Creators: name: Bagarello, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper, Trifonov suggested a possible explicit model of a PT-symmetric system based on a modification of the canonical commutation relation. Although being rather intriguing, in his treatment many mathematical aspects of the model have just been neglected, making most of the results of that paper purely formal. For this reason we are re-considering the same model and we repeat and extend the same construction paying particular attention to all the subtle mathematical points. From our analysis the crucial role of Riesz bases clearly emerges. We also consider coherent states associated to the model.
description: in press in journal of mathematical physics
title: ÐÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð°Ð½ÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ ÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ² Ð² ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð±Ð¸Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÐ·Ð¸ 4-Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ
title: Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÐµÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐµÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: ÐÐ»Ð¸Ð±ÐµÐº, ÐÐ¹Ð´Ð¾Ñ
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2016
Subjects: ÐÐ½ÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ
Ð Ð°Ð´Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÐ·Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð½Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ

description: Ð Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐµÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð°ÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¼Ð° Â«ÐÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð°Ð½ÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼ Ð² ÑÐµÑÐ¸ Ð¼Ð¾Ð±Ð¸Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÐ·Ð¸ 4-Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÂ». ÐÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ²ÑÐ·Ð¸ ÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ð°ÑÑÐ° LTE Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ MIMO Ð² ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸ÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ ÑÐ¸Ð³Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð². ÐÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¾ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ðµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÐºÐ°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð² LTE Ñ MIMO Ñ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ Vienna LTE Link ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ°. ÐÑÐ»Ð¾ Ð²ÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ¸Ð¼ÑÑÐµÑÑÐ²Ð¾ MIMO Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ SISO: Ð² Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ SNR Ð´Ð¾ 10 Ð´Ð Ð¿ÑÐµÐ¸Ð¼ÑÑÐµÑÑÐ²Ð¾ Ð² 3 ÑÐ°Ð·Ð° Ð° Ð² Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¾Ñ 15 Ð´Ð Ð´Ð¾ 20 Ð´Ð Ð´Ð»Ñ 64-QAM Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð² 9 ÑÐ°Ð·. Ð¢Ð°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¾ Ð½ÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð±Ð¸Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¾ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¸ ÑÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹.
description: In the thesis topic is developed âThe research questions the use of many antenna devices in a mobile 4th generation systemâ. The analysis bandwidth mobile communication systems using standard LTE-MIMO signals under fading. Mathematical simulation throughput LTE-MIMO channels using Vienna LTE Simulator. MIMO revealed advantage over SISO: SNR in value up to 10 dB advantage in 3 times and values of 15 dB to 20 dB for 64-QAM 9 times the modulation. Also it proved impossible to achieve the stated rates of mobile operators speeds.
Additional file 1 of CircPVT1 promotes proliferation of lung squamous cell carcinoma by binding to miR-30d/e
Creators: name: Shi, Jie
name: Lv, Xin
name: Zeng, Lizhong
name: Li, Wei
name: Zhong, Yujie
name: Yuan, Jingyan
name: Deng, Shanshan
name: Liu, Boxuan
name: Yuan, Bo
name: Chen, Yang
name: Ming, Zongjuan
name: Yang, Xia
name: Fang, Ping
name: Yang, Shuanying
name: Chen, Guoan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Sequences of primers used in this study. Table S2. Sequences of siRNAs used in this study.
On a linear form for Catalan's constant
Creators: name: Krattenthaler, Christian
name: Rivoal, Tanguy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11J72 (Primary); 11J82, 33C20 (Secondary)

description: It is shown how Andrews' multidimensional extension of Watson's transformation between a very-well-poised $_8ϕ_7$-series and a balanced $_4ϕ_3$-series can be used to give a straightforward proof of a conjecture of Zudilin and the second author on the arithmetic behaviour of the coefficients of certain linear forms of 1 and Catalan's constant. This proof is considerably simpler and more stream-lined than the first proof, due to the second author.
description: 12 pages, AmS-LaTeX
Finite size phase transitions in QCD with adjoint fermions
Creators: name: Cossu, Guido
name: D'Elia, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a lattice investigation of QCD with three colors and 2 flavors of Dirac (staggered) fermions in the adjoint representation, defined on a 4d space with one spatial dimension compactified, and study the phase structure of the theory as a function of the size Lc of the compactified dimension. We show that four different phases take place, corresponding to different realizations of center symmetry: two center symmetric phases, for large or small values of Lc, separated by two phases in which center symmetry is broken in two different ways; the dependence of these results on the quark mass is discussed. We study also chiral properties and how they are affected by the different realizations of center symmetry; chiral symmetry, in particular, stays spontaneously broken at the phase transitions and may be restored at much lower values of the compactification radius. Our results could be relevant to a recently proposed conjecture of volume indepedence of QCD with adjoint fermions in the large Nc limit.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures; extended discussion about the chiral limit and the chiral properties; 2 figures and references added
Additional file 1 of Prognostic impact of hypochromic erythrocytes in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Creators: name: Xanthouli, Panagiota
name: Theobald, Vivienne
name: Benjamin, Nicola
name: Marra, Alberto M.
name: D’Agostino, Anna
name: Egenlauf, Benjamin
name: Shaukat, Memoona
name: Ding, Cao
name: Cittadini, Antonio
name: Bossone, Eduardo
name: Kögler, Maria
name: Grünig, Ekkehard
name: Muckenthaler, Martina U.
name: Eichstaedt, Christina A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Characteristics at one year follow-up of the study cohort.
Magnesium Green used for measurement of ATP production does not interfere with mitochondrial respiration
Creators: name: Cardoso, Luiza H. D.
name: Doerrier, Carolina
name: Gnaiger, Erich
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This material is linked to the preprint: Cardoso LHD, Doerrier C, Gnaiger E (2021) Magnesium Green for fluorometric measurement of ATP production does not interfere with mitochondrial respiration. MitoFit Preprints 2021.1. doi:10.26124/mitofit:2021-0001 All DatLab files (.DLD extension) containing the raw data of oxygen calibration and SUIT-006 experiments (oxygen concentration/flux and MgG fluorescence) that were used for the publication are available here.
description: This work was partially funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 859770, NextGen-O2k project.
Inclusion of relatives in stroke rehabilitation: Perception of quality of services they received in the context of early supported discharged (ESD), in- and out-patient services
Creators: name: Rochette, Annie
name: Dugas, Ariane
name: Anne-Sophie Morissette-Gravel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Relatives of stroke patients should be an integral part of the continuum of rehabilitation services. The objective was to describe their perception of the quality of the services they received in the context of early supported discharged (ESD), in- and out-patient rehabilitation services. Descriptive study using the Quality of Services Questionnaire for Relatives post-stroke (QSQR) completed online by relatives after the patient’s discharge. It consists of 22 statements with respect to three subscales: 1) the training/instructions, 2) the information provision and 3) the organizational process of the service offer. Space is allowed for free comments and two open-ended questions. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, and we used a content analysis for qualitative data. One-third (30/90; 33.3%) of the sample are composed of relatives aged 55 and under, with a majority (81%) of women and 51.3% of spouses. The training/instructions and information provision were perceived positively with a mean % agreement at 85.0 ± 29.6 and 84.8 ± 22.4, respectively. The mean % agreement was 91.4 ± 17.8 for the organizational process subscale. A significantly higher score (p = 0,03; Kruskal Wallis test) was found for out-patient services (n = 20) as compared to ESD (n = 29) or in-patient rehabilitation (n = 41). Qualitatively, a lack of involvement of relatives was mentioned as well as a lack of personalized information about stroke and its consequences and provision of resources available. However, communication between professionals, their availability, and their professionalism were appreciated. Despite quantitative high scores, qualitative data allowed the identification of concrete avenues for improvement to truly and systematically include relatives in stroke rehabilitation.
Quantized magnetic confinement in quantum wires
Creators: name: Tarasov, A.
name: Hugger, S.
name: Xu, Hengyi
name: Cerchez, M.
name: Heinzel, T.
name: Zozoulenko, I. V.
name: Gasser-Szerer, U.
name: Reuter, D.
name: Wieck, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ballistic quantum wires are exposed to longitudinal profiles of perpendicular magnetic fields composed of a spike (magnetic barrier) and a homogeneous part. An asymmetric magnetoconductance peak as a function of the homogeneous magnetic field is found, comprising quantized conductance steps in the interval where the homogeneous magnetic field and the magnetic barrier have identical polarities, and a characteristic shoulder with several resonances in the interval of opposite polarities. The observations are interpreted in terms of inhomogeneous diamagnetic shifts of the quantum wire modes leading to magnetic confinement.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Existence of normal linear positive functionals on a von Neumann algebra invariant with respect to a semigroup of contractions
Creators: name: Hsieh, Tsu-Teh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Let A be a von Neumann algebra of linear operators on the Hilbert space H . A linear operator T (resp. a linear bounded. functional ϕ ) on A is said to be normal if for any increasing net [formula omitted] of positive elements in A with least upper bound B , T(B) is the least upper bound of [formula omitted]. Two linear positive functionals ψ1 and ψ2 on A are said to be equivalent if ψ1 (B) = 0 <=> ψ2 (B) = 0 for any positive element B in A. Let ϕ0 be a positive normal linear functional on A . Let S be a semigroup and, {T(s) : s ε S} an antirepresentation of S as normal positive linear contraction operators on A . We find in this thesis equivalent conditions for the existence of a positive normal linear functional ϕ on A which is equivalent to ϕ0 and invariant under the semigroup {T(s) : s ε S} (i.e. ϕ(T(s)B) = ϕ(B) for all B in A and s ε S ). We also extend the concept of weakly-wandering sets, which was first introduced by Hajian-Kakutani, to weakly-wandering projections in A. We give a relation between the non-existence of weakly-wandering projections in A and the existence of positive normal linear functionals on A, invariant with respect to an antirepresentation {T(s) : s ε S} of normal *-homomorphisms on A . Finally we investigate the existence of a complete set of positive normal linear functionals on A which are invariant under the semigroup {T(s) : s ε S}.
Analysis of antigen handling by epidermal Langerhans' cells during the early neonatal period
Creators: name: Bellette, Bernadette M.
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Antigen applied to the epidermis of 4-day-old mice results in antigen specific immune suppression and is linked to a decrease in the amount of antigen transported to the draining lymph node by epidermal Langerhans cells (LC). It was therefore proposed that a decrease in receptor-mediated endocytosis was responsible for the reduced antigen transport by the LC. Consequently the aims of this study were to characterise the expression of antigen uptake receptors during development of neonatal mice, evaluate their capacity to internalise antigens via receptor-mediated and fluid phase uptake and to assess antigen proteolysis and MHC-II complexing following exposure to maturation stimuli. Langerhans cells isolated from 4-day-old epidermis express reduced levels of the Ctype lectin receptors DEC-205 and Langerin in comparison to LC isolated from 6- week-old epidermis. Despite this reduction neonatal LC were efficient in the uptake of the mannosylated antigen FITC-dextran. When incubated in the presence of the macropinocytosis inhibitor wortmannin, antigen uptake was reduced to a greater extent in neonatal LC than adult counterparts. As such, neonatal LC preferentially utilise a wortmannin-sensitive fluid phase pathway, such as macropinocytosis, to internalise antigens such as FITC-dextran. Despite the presence of LAMP-1 +MHC-II+ vesicles within LC from neonatal epidermis, proteolysed DQ-OVA was localised to a MHC-II\ compartment. This suggests that antigen was internalised via macropinocytosis and retained in a LAMPmacropinosome. As no differences were observed in DQ-OVA+ vesicle localisation it was evident that neonatal and adult LC were associated with a comparable proteolytic activity. 24 hours following exposure to a maturationinducing dose of LPS membrane MHC-II:peptide complexes were evident on adult LC but not on neonatal LC. Although neonatal LC demonstrated both CD86 upregulation and MHC-II redistribution following LPS exposure the transport of MHC-II:peptide complexes to the membrane was diminished. This reduced transport was not simply due to a defect in MHC-II recycling as LPS stimulation of LC caused a redistribution of MHC-II from an intracellular endosome to the cell surface. Therefore the reduced transport of MHC-II:peptide to the cell surface was most likely a consequence of a failure to associate with MHC-II in the cytoplasm. The capacity of neonatal LC to sample their external environment without inducing immunity has important biological consequences for the protection against inappropriate responses during the developmental period."
Recovering isolated galaxies from large scale surveys: problems and strategies
Creators: name: Santander-Vela, Juan de Dios
name: Verley, Simon
name: Verdes-Montenegro, Lourdes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The large survey programs being performed nowadays, being the SDSS their flagship, provide us with morphological parameters which allow for extraction of large galaxy samples. We will analyze the methodology for obtaining an AMIGA-like catalogue of isolated galaxies from the SDSS DR5 photometric catalogue of galaxy objects, together with the roadblocks found in the process, and suggested workarounds.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the International Conference CIG09: Galaxies in Isolation, held in May 19th in Granada, Spain
Suppression of Jahn-Teller distortion by chromium and magnesium doping in spinel LiMn2O4: A first-principles study using GGA and GGA+U
Creators: name: Singh, Gurpreet
name: Gupta, S. L.
name: Prasad, R.
name: Auluck, S.
name: Gupta, Rajeev
name: Sil, Anjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of doping spinel LiMn2O4 with chromium and magnesium has been studied using the first-principles spin density functional theory within GGA (generalized gradient approximation) and GGA+U. We find that GGA and GGA+U give different ground states for pristine LiMn2O4 and same ground state for doped systems. For LiMn2O4 the body centered tetragonal phase was found to be the ground state structure using GGA and face centered orthorhombic using GGA+U, while for LiM0.5Mn1.5O4 (M= Cr or Mg) it was base centered monoclinic and for LiMMnO4 (M= Cr or Mg) it was body centered orthorhombic in both GGA and GGA+U. We find that GGA predicts the pristine LiMn2O4 to be metallic while GGA+U predicts it to be the insulating which is in accordance with the experimental observations. For doped spinels, GGA predicts the ground state to be half metallic while GGA+U predicts it to be insulating or metallic depending on the doping concentration. GGA+U predicts insulator-metal-insulator transition as a function of doping in case of Cr and in case of Mg the ground state is found to go from insulating to a half metallic state as a function of doping. Analysis of the charge density and the density of states suggest a charge transfer from the dopants to the neighboring oxygen atoms and manganese atoms. We have calculated the Jahn-Teller active mode displacement Q3 for doped compounds using GGA and GGA+U. The bond lengths calculated from GGA+U are found to be in better agreement with the experimental bond lengths. Based on the bond lengths of metal and oxygen, we have also estimated the average oxidation states of the dopants.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures
The Spread of the Credit Crisis: View from a Stock Correlation Network
Creators: name: Smith, Reginald D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The credit crisis roiling the world's financial markets will likely take years and entire careers to fully understand and analyze. A short empirical investigation of the current trends, however, demonstrates that the losses in certain markets, in this case the US equity markets, follow a cascade or epidemic flow like model along the correlations of various stocks. This phenomenon will be shown by the graphical display of stock returns across the network as well as the dependence of stock returns on topological measures. Finally, whether the idea of "epidemic" or a "cascade" is a metaphor or model for this crisis will be discussed.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; to appear in the Journal of the Physical Society of Korea; animations of credit crisis spread available at: http://reggiesmithsci.googlepages.com/creditcrisis
Additional file 2 of CircPVT1 promotes proliferation of lung squamous cell carcinoma by binding to miR-30d/e
Creators: name: Shi, Jie
name: Lv, Xin
name: Zeng, Lizhong
name: Li, Wei
name: Zhong, Yujie
name: Yuan, Jingyan
name: Deng, Shanshan
name: Liu, Boxuan
name: Yuan, Bo
name: Chen, Yang
name: Ming, Zongjuan
name: Yang, Xia
name: Fang, Ping
name: Yang, Shuanying
name: Chen, Guoan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. A luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the luciferase activity of LUC-cPVT1 in T293 cells transfected with miRNA mimics to identify miRNAs that bind to the circPVT1 sequence. Data are shown as mean ± SD, ***P < 0.001.
Quasi-classical model of dynamic molecular structure and non-destructive wavepacket manipulation by ultrashort laser pulses
Creators: name: Bryan, W A
name: Calvert, C R
name: King, R B
name: Nemeth, G R A J
name: Greenwood, J B
name: Williams, I D
name: Newell, W R
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quasi-classical model (QCM) of molecular dynamics in intense femtosecond laser fields has been developed, and applied to a study of the effect of an ultrashort `control' pulse on the vibrational motion of a deuterium molecular ion in its ground electronic state. A nonadiabatic treatment accounts for the initial ionization-induced vibrational population caused by an ultrashort `pump' pulse. In the QCM, the nuclei move classically on the molecular potential as it is distorted by the laser-induced Stark shift and transition dipole. The nuclei then adjust to the modified potential, non-destructively shifting the vibrational population and relative phase. This shift has been studied as a function of control pulse parameters. Excellent agreement is observed with predictions of time-dependent quantum simulations, lending confidence to the validity of the model and permitting new observations to be made. The applicability of the QCM to more complex multi-potential energy surface molecules (where a quantum treatment is at best difficult) is discussed.
description: 15 pages, 7 colour figures
Gravitational perturbations of Schwarzschild spacetime at null infinity and the hyperboloidal initial value problem
Creators: name: Zenginoglu, Anil
name: Nunez, Dario
name: Husa, Sascha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study gravitational perturbations of Schwarzschild spacetime by solving a hyperboloidal initial value problem for the Bardeen-Press equation. Compactification along hyperboloidal surfaces in a scri-fixing gauge allows us to have access to the gravitational waveform at null infinity in a general setup. We argue that this hyperboloidal approach leads to a more accurate and efficient calculation of the radiation signal than the common approach where a timelike outer boundary is introduced. The method can be generalized to study perturbations of Kerr spacetime using the Teukolsky equation.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
Intrinsic localized modes in parametrically-driven arrays of nonlinear resonators
Creators: name: Kenig, Eyal
name: Malomed, Boris A.
name: Cross, M. C.
name: Lifshitz, Ron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study intrinsic localized modes (ILMs), or solitons, in arrays of parametrically-driven nonlinear resonators with application to microelectromechanical and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS). The analysis is performed using an amplitude equation in the form of a nonlinear Schroedinger equation with a term corresponding to nonlinear damping (also known as a forced complex Ginzburg-Landau equation), which is derived directly from the underlying equations of motion of the coupled resonators, using the method of multiple scales. We investigate the creation, stability, and interaction of ILMs, show that they can form bound states, and that under certain conditions one ILM can split into two. Our findings are confirmed by simulations of the underlying equations of motion of the resonators, suggesting possible experimental tests of the theory.
description: New version contains a new section discussing the dynamical formation of solitons and the stability of non-zero uniform states
Some combinatorial properties of the diagonal sums of doubly stochastic matrices
Creators: name: Wang, Edward Tzu-Hsia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Let Ωn denote the convex polyhedron of all nxn d.s. (doubly stochastic) matrices. The main purpose of this thesis is to study some combinatorial properties of the diagonal sums of matrices in Ωn. In Chapter I, we determine, for all d.s. matrices unequal to Jn ; the maximum number of diagonals that can have a common diagonal sum. The key will be a Decomposition Theorem that enables us to characterize completely the structure of a d.s. matrix when this maximum number is attained, provided that the common sum is not one. When the common sum is one, the question is more difficult and remains open. Several applications of the Decomposition Theorem are also given. In Chapter II, we concentrate on the diagonals with maximum diagonal sum h and the diagonals with minimum diagonal sum k. We obtain the best possible bounds for entries on these diagonals and for various kinds of functions of h and k. The key will be a Covering Theorem that enables us to analyze the cases when those bounds are attained. A conjecture is given. In Chapter III, we study the properties of the h-function and the k-function, the functions that associate with each d.s. matrix its maximum and minimum diagonal sums respectively. In particular, we investigate the behavior of these functions on the Kronecker product of d.s. matrices. Furthermore, we show that the h-function is very similar to the rank function ƿ in many respects. We also prove that for A ε Ωn, h(A) ≤ ƿ(A) and per (A) ≤ [formula omitted] which improves a result by M. Marcus and H. Mine. A conjecture is given.
Uniqueness of Rotating Charged Black Holes in Five-Dimensional Minimal Gauged Supergravity
Creators: name: Ahmedov, Haji
name: Aliev, Alikram N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a five-dimensional spacetime admitting, in the presence of torsion, a non-degenerate conformal Killing-Yano 2-form which is closed with respect to both the usual exterior differentiation and the exterior differentiation with torsion. Furthermore, assuming that the torsion is closed and co-closed with respect to the exterior differentiation with torsion, we prove that such a spacetime is the only spacetime given by the Chong-Cvetic-Lu-Pope solution for stationary, rotating charged black holes with two independent angular momenta in five-dimensional minimal gauged supergravity.
description: Dedicated to Nihat Berker on the occasion of his 60th birthday; 13 pages, REVTeX
Cracking the Liu key exchange protocol in its most secure state with Lorentzian spectra
Creators: name: Kish, Lazar L.
name: Zhang, Bruce
name: Kish, Laszlo B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We have found a security risk in the Liu's cypher based on random signals and feedback, when it utilizes a large class of noises for communication in its most secure state, the steady state. For the vulnerability to exist, the noise must have a spectrum which can be transformed to white-like noise by linear filtering. For the cracking, we utilize the natural properties of power density spectra and autocorrelation functions. We introduce and demonstrate the method for Lorentzian spectra. Some of the implications of the results concern the transient operation during changing bits, where the modulation products of noise cannot be band-limited therefore the cypher is vulnerable. We propose the application of line filters to provide a proper spectral shape and to improve the security.
description: Accepted for publication at November 18, 2009
Additional file 1 of Predicted norovirus resurgence in 2021–2022 due to the relaxation of nonpharmaceutical interventions associated with COVID-19 restrictions in England: a mathematical modeling study
Creators: name: O’Reilly, Kathleen M.
name: Sandman, Frank
name: Allen, David
name: Jarvis, Christopher I.
name: Gimma, Amy
name: Douglas, Amy
name: Larkin, Lesley
name: Wong, Kerry L. M.
name: Baguelin, Marc
name: Baric, Ralph S.
name: Lindesmith, Lisa C.
name: Goldstein, Richard A.
name: Breuer, Judith
name: Edmunds, W. John
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Full description of the mathematical model for norovirus. Table S1. Parameters within the mathematical model for norovirus and sources of values used.
title: Fish, jellyfish, and Killing the Winner
Creators: name: Opdal, Anders Frugård
name: Aksnes, Dag Lorents
Publisher: name: ASC 2014 - Theme session A
Year: 2023
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: Killing the Winner (KtW) is a generic model of competition involving a defense specialist and a competition specialist that is controlled by a predator. It has previously been proposed that this model might predict how mass is channelized between fish and jellyfish as a function eutrophication and water clarity in the Baltic Sea. The main finding from this approach is that above a certain eutrophication threshold, all added mass to the system will channel directly to jellyfish. Here we analyze observations from several areas where major jellyfish blooms have been reported. In systems where jellyfish have a relatively large footprint, like the Black Sea, our results suggests that the abundances of fish and jellyfish are consistent with the KtW predictions previously described for the Baltic Sea. However, in systems like the northern Benguela and the Bering Sea, jellyfish, although present in comparable biomasses to fish, appear to leave a relatively small footprint, consuming only a moderate part of the available mass in the system. Thus, these systems could be considered as dominated by fish, not jellies.