cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mit einer chronischen Erkrankung leben : Kompetenzen von Ergotherapeuten und Ergotherapeutinnen zur Unterstützung des Selbstmanagements von Erwachsenen mit chronischen Erkrankungen
Creators: name: Widmer, Mara
name: Zimmermann, Martina
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2017
Subjects: Self-management
Competence
Occupational therapy
Chronic disease
Patient education
615.8515: Ergotherapie

description: Hintergrund: Viele Menschen leiden an chronischen Krankheiten, die oft einen grossen Einfluss auf ihren Alltag haben. Selbstmanagement ist ein Konzept zum Umgang mit physischen, emotionalen und sozialen Auswirkungen der Krankheit. Diese Interventionen nehmen in der Ergotherapie an Bedeutung zu und verlangen von den Fachpersonen spezifische Kompetenzen.

Ziel: Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, aufzuzeigen und zu begründen, welche Kompetenzen Ergotherapeuten und Ergotherapeutinnen für die Unterstützung des Selbstmanagements bei erwachsenen Klienten und Klientinnen mit chronischen Erkrankungen benötigen.

Methode: Eine systematische Literaturrecherche ergab fünf qualitative Studien und ein Literaturreview, die zusammengefasst und kritisch beurteilt wurden.
Ergebnisse: Es wurden 13 Kompetenzen identifiziert, die ergotherapeutische Fachpersonen benötigen, um das Selbstmanagement chronisch kranker Erwachsener zu unterstützen. Diese beinhalten unter anderem klientenzentrierte und ganzheitliche Ansätze sowie Kommunikationsfertigkeiten für die Stärkung der therapeutischen Beziehung und der Motivation, Verhaltensänderungen anzustreben. Die Kompetenzen wurden anschliessend den Enablement Skills des ergotherapeutischen Modells CMOP-E zugeordnet und diskutiert.

Schlussfolgerung: Alle in dieser Arbeit definierten Kompetenzen werden implizit mit den Enablement Skills abgedeckt. In der Literatur fehlt jedoch die explizite Benennung der Kompetenzen von Ergotherapeuten und Ergotherapeutinnen in Bezug auf die Unterstützung des Selbstmanagements chronisch kranker Personen. Deshalb besteht weiterer Forschungsbedarf.
Miniature arts of China and Japan
Creators: name: Till, Barry, 1951-
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Miniature objects
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1022722
subject: Miniature art, Chinese
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1894598
subject: Exhibition catalogs
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1424028
subject: Netsukes
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1036206
subject: Miniature art
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1745894
subject: Snuff boxes and bottles
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1122055
subject: Art, Japanese
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/816467
subject: Exhibitions
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/918097
subject: Art Gallery of Greater Victoria
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/510434
subject: Art objects, Japanese
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/815738
subject: Art
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/815177

description: Catalogue of an exhibition held at the Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, September 3, 2010 to January 16, 2011. Table of contents: Foreword / Jon Tupper -- Miniature arts in China and Japan / Barry Till -- Chinese snuff bottles -- Japanese snuff bottles -- Chinese opium boxes -- Chinese pith painting -- Japanese tsuba sword guards -- Japanese netsuke toggles, ojime beads and inro containers -- Contemporary and international netsuke -- Inro, ojime and netsuke -- Japanese okimono sculptures.
Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Impacts of Phenolics on Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium
Creators: name: Alvarado-Martinez, Zabdiel
name: Bravo, Paulina
name: Kennedy, Nana-Frekua
name: Krishna, Mayur
name: Hussain, Syed
name: Young, Alana C.
name: Biswas, Debabrata
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
phytochemicals
phenolic acids
antimicrobials
gallic acid
protocatechuic acid
vanillic acid

description: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) remains a major infectious agent in the USA, with an increasing antibiotic resistance pattern, which requires the development of novel antimicrobials capable of controlling ST. Polyphenolic compounds found in plant extracts are strong candidates as alternative antimicrobials, particularly phenolic acids such as gallic acid (GA), protocatechuic acid (PA) and vanillic acid (VA). This study evaluates the effectiveness of these compounds in inhibiting ST growth while determining changes to the outer membrane through fluorescent dye uptake and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in addition to measuring alterations to virulence genes with qRT-PCR. Results showed antimicrobial potential for all compounds, significantly inhibiting the detectable growth of ST. Fluorescent spectrophotometry and microscopy detected an increase in relative fluorescent intensity (RFI) and red-colored bacteria over time, suggesting membrane permeabilization. SEM revealed severe morphological defects at the polar ends of bacteria treated with GA and PA, while VA-treated bacteria were found to be mid-division. Relative gene expression showed significant downregulation in master regulator hilA and invH after GA and PA treatments, while fliC was upregulated in VA. Results suggest that GA, PA and VA have antimicrobial potential that warrants further research into their mechanism of action and the interactions that lead to ST death.
Bildungskontexte und (Aus-)Bildungswege von jungen Geflüchteten im Spannungsfeld von Ein- und Ausgrenzung
Creators: name: Sowe, Rahel
name: Aeppli, Petra
name: Mayer, Alexandra
name: Schlegel, Frida
name: Roos, Kim
Publisher: name: Verein emf – Ergotherapie für Menschen mit Fluchterfahrung
Year: 2021
Subjects: Fluchterfahrung
Asylsuchende
Gemeindenahe Ergotherapie
Projektarbeit
Empowerment
Resilienzförderung
Traumatisierung
371: Schulen und schulische Tätigkeiten
615.8515: Ergotherapie

description: Kinder aus Familien mit Fluchterfahrung, können im Schulalltag Heraus- und Überforderungen erleben. Nebst kulturellen und sprachlichen Barrieren sind auch posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen und damit einhergehende Symptome wie körperliche Unruhe, hohe Ablenkbarkeit, kurze Konzentrationsspanne, Flashbacks, Angstzustände häufig.  
Seit dem Herbstsemester 2020 bietet der Verein emf (Ergotherapie für Menschen mit Fluchterfahrung) an einer Schule in Zürich (CH) ein schulbasiertes Gruppenangebot für Kinder und Jugendliche aus Familien mit Fluchterfahrung an.
Der emf ist ein junger Verein mit dem Ziel, in der Schweiz die Ergotherapie in der Arbeit mit Menschen mit Fluchterfahrung zu etablieren und ihnen den Zugang zur Ergotherapie und anderen medizinischen und sozialen Angeboten zu vereinfachen.
Bei unserem Gruppenangebot im Herbstsemester 2020/21 sind wir von einer Schule angestellt. Wir führen wöchentlich mit zwei Gruppen à 6-8 Kindern 2 Lektionen durch. Das Angebot nennt sich Projektgruppe. Einschlusskriterium ist, dass das Kind oder die Eltern in die Schweiz geflüchtet sind und den Schulalltag nicht problemlos bewältigen können. Eine Gruppe ist für die Primarstufe und eine für die Sekundarstufe ausgelegt.
Ziel der Projektgruppe ist es, gemeinsam ein Projekt zu planen und durchzuführen und dadurch die Eigenverantwortung und die Handlungsfähigkeit der Kinder zu steigern. Durch die Eigenverantwortung im Projekt wird die Resilienz jedes Mitglieds gestärkt. Mit ergotherapeutischer Unterstützung lernen sie, eigene Ideen zu entwickeln, einen Plan zu entwerfen und diesen umzusetzen. Mit Herausforderungen und Rückschlägen umzugehen, gehört zum Lernprozess, wie auch mit Unterstützung die erfolgreiche Handlungsfähigkeit zu erfahren. In der Gruppe werden zahlreiche Fähigkeiten, wie Kommunikation, soziales Verhalten oder Problemlösung gefördert. 
Die Kinder entscheiden, was sie gemeinsam machen möchten. Projektideen können sein: ein Parfüm herzustellen, einen Pausenkiosk, Kinonachmittag, Velotour, oder einen Fussballmatch zu organisieren und durchzuführen. Die SchülerInnen werden unterstützt, selbstbestimmt und kreativ vorzugehen und miteinander Lösungen für Probleme zu finden und ihre Stärken in die Gruppe einzubringen. Da die Projektgruppe ressourcenorientiert arbeitet, empfinden sie die Teilnahme am Projekt positiv. Durch den selbstgewählten Inhalt ist die Motivation bei der Teilnahme und Lernbereitschaft hoch. Gleichzeitig werden keine überfordernden Aufgaben für das Kind kreiert, da sich das Projekt immer an den vorhandenen Fähigkeiten der Kinder orientiert.
Biomarkers heat up during earthquakes: New evidence of seismic slip in the rock record
Creators: name: Savage, Heather Moore
name: Polissar, Pratigya Jeremy
name: Sheppard, Rachel
name: Rowe, Christie D.
name: Brodsky, Emily E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Faults (Geology)
subject: Biochemical markers
subject: Rocks--Thermal properties--Measurement
subject: Organic compounds
subject: Sedimentary rocks
subject: Seismology
subject: Earthquakes
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: During earthquakes, faults heat up due to frictional work. However, evidence of heating from paleoearthquakes along exhumed faults remains scarce. Here we describe a method using thermal maturation of organic molecules in sedimentary rock to determine whether a fault has experienced differential heating compared to surrounding rocks. We demonstrate the utility of this method on an ancient, pseudotachylyte-hosting megathrust at Pasagshak Point, Alaska. Measurements of the ratio of thermally stable to thermally unstable compounds (diamondoids/n-alkanes) show that the melt-bearing rocks have higher thermal maturity than surrounding rocks. Furthermore, the mineralogy of the survivor grains and the presence of any organic molecules allow us to constrain the temperature rise during the ancient earthquakes to 840–1170 °C above ambient temperatures of ∼260 °C. From this temperature rise, we estimate that the frictional work of the earthquake was ∼105–228 MJ/m2. Using experimental friction measurements as a constraint, we estimate that the minimum slip necessary for heating was ∼1–8 m. This paper demonstrates that biomarkers will be a useful tool to identify seismic slip along faults without frictional melt.
Orbital-selective metal-insulator transition and gap formation above Tc in superconducting Rb1-xFe2-ySe2
Creators: name: Wang, Zhe
name: Schmidt, M.
name: Fischer, J.
name: Tsurkan, V.
name: Greger, M.
name: Vollhardt, D.
name: Loidl, A.
name: Deisenhofer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a hierarchy of temperatures Tc < Tgap < Tmet in superconducting Rb1-xFe2-ySe2 observed by THz spectroscopy. Above Tmet = 90 K the material reveals semiconducting characteristics. Below Tmet a coherent metallic THz response emerges. This metal-to-insulator type, orbital selective transition is clearly indicated by an isosbestic point in the temperature dependence of the optical conductivity and dielectric constant at THz-frequencies. At Tgap = 61 K a gap opens in the THz regime and then the superconducting transition occurs at Tc = 32 K. This sequence of temperatures seems to reflect a corresponding hierarchy of the electronic correlations in the different bands.
Real-Time Pill Identification for the Visually Impaired Using Deep Learning
Creators: name: Dang, Bo
name: Zhao, Wenchao
name: Li, Yufeng
name: Ma, Danqing
name: Yu, Qixuan
name: Zhu, Elly Yijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The prevalence of mobile technology offers unique opportunities for addressing healthcare challenges, especially for individuals with visual impairments. This paper explores the development and implementation of a deep learning-based mobile application designed to assist blind and visually impaired individuals in real-time pill identification. Utilizing the YOLO framework, the application aims to accurately recognize and differentiate between various pill types through real-time image processing on mobile devices. The system incorporates Text-to- Speech (TTS) to provide immediate auditory feedback, enhancing usability and independence for visually impaired users. Our study evaluates the application's effectiveness in terms of detection accuracy and user experience, highlighting its potential to improve medication management and safety among the visually impaired community. Keywords-Deep Learning; YOLO Framework; Mobile Application; Visual Impairment; Pill Identification; Healthcare
Environmental Influences of High-Density Agricultural Animal Operation on Human Forearm Skin Microflora
Creators: name: Peng, Mengfei
name: Biswas, Debabrata
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: human skin microbiome
farm animal
dysbiosis
microbial diversity
metagenomics

description: The human forearm skin microbiome ecosystem contains rich and diverse microbes, which are influenced by environmental exposures. The microbial representatives can be exchanged between human and environment, specifically animals, by which they share certain or similar epidermal microbes. Livestock and poultry are the microbial sources that are associated with the transmission of community-based pathogenic infections. Here, in this study, we proposed investigating the environmental influences introduced by livestock/poultry operations on forearm skin microflora of on-site farm workers. A total of 30 human skin swab samples were collected from 20 animal workers in dairy or integrated farms and 10 healthy volunteer controls. The skin microbiome was 16S metagenomics that were sequenced with Illumina MiSeq system. For skin microbial community analysis, the abundance of major phyla and genera as well as alpha and beta diversities were compared across groups. We identified distinctive microbial compositional patterns on skin of workers in farm with different animal commodities. Workers in integrated farms containing various animals were associated with higher abundances of epidermal Proteobacteria, especially Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter, but lower Actinobacteria, especially Corynebacterium and Propionibacterium. For those workers with frequent dairy cattle operations, their Firmicutes in the forearm skin microbiota were enriched. Furthermore, farm animal operations also reduced Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, as well as modulated the microbial biodiversity in farm workers’ skin microbiome. The alterations of forearm skin microflora in farm workers, influenced by their frequent farm animal operations, may increase their risk in skin infections with unusual pathogens and epidermal diseases.
Simulator for Microlens Planet Surveys
Creators: name: Ipatov, Sergei I.
name: Horne, Keith
name: Alsubai, Khalid A.
name: Bramich, Daniel M.
name: Dominik, Martin
name: Hundertmark, Markus P. G.
name: Liebig, Christine
name: Snodgrass, Colin D. B.
name: Street, Rachel A.
name: Tsapras, Yiannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We summarize the status of a computer simulator for microlens planet surveys. The simulator generates synthetic light curves of microlensing events observed with specified networks of telescopes over specified periods of time. Particular attention is paid to models for sky brightness and seeing, calibrated by fitting to data from the OGLE survey and RoboNet observations in 2011. Time intervals during which events are observable are identified by accounting for positions of the Sun and the Moon, and other restrictions on telescope pointing. Simulated observations are then generated for an algorithm that adjusts target priorities in real time with the aim of maximizing planet detection zone area summed over all the available events. The exoplanet detection capability of observations was compared for several telescopes.
description: Proc. IAU Symp. No. 293 "Formation, detection, and characterization of extrasolar habitable planets", ed. by N. Haghighipour. 4 pages, in press
Seafloor fault ruptures along the North Anatolia Fault in the Marmara Sea, Turkey: Link with the adjacent basin turbidite record
Creators: name: McHugh, Cecilia M.
name: Braudy, Nicole
name: Çağatay, M. Namik
name: Sorlien, Christopher
name: Cormier, Marie-Helene
name: Seeber, Leonardo
name: Henry, Pierre
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Submarine topography
subject: Plate tectonics
subject: Earthquake hazard analysis
subject: Holocene Geologic Period
subject: Turbidity currents
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Submarine geology

description: The relation between seafloor fault ruptures and the generation of turbidity currents was investigated to better understand the structural growth of tectonic basins with direct implications for earthquake hazard assessment. This study focuses on the Holocene earthquake record of transtensional basins in the Marmara Sea, Turkey, that are associated with the North Anatolian Fault system. The physical and chemical composition of three 10 m-long cores recovered from the Central Basin was studied at high-resolution and turbidite–homogenite units were identified. Turbidite–homogenite units (T–H units) are complex deposits that consist of a sharp basal contact and multiple fining upward beds of sand to coarse silt, above. All are capped by a 25 cm to 75 cm thick layer of medium to fine silt. A chronology developed from radiocarbon and short-lived radioisotopes allowed the correlation of these T–H units to the historical record of earthquakes that in Turkey goes back 2000 years. We found that the best location to recover the most complete sedimentation record is in the deepest part of a basin or “depocenter” where T–H units constitute ~ 80% of the sediments. A very good correlation was established between T–H units in Central Basin and proximal inferred historic epicentres along the central Marmara segment of the North Anatolia Fault that occurred in 1343, 860, 740, and 557 AD, and two more distal earthquakes that occurred in 268 and 1963 (or possibly1964). These sedimentation events can then be referred to as “seismo-turbidites”. The results when compared to findings from other transform basins in Marmara Sea reveal a very good correlation between T–H units and historic ruptures. Most importantly, there is a strong correlation between the inferred locations of historical earthquakes and the preservation of turbidite–homogenite units in the basin adjacent to the inferred rupture. The 740 AD earthquake correlates with T–H units in Izmit Gulf and Central Basin and could represent a multi-segment rupture of the NAF. Generally, T–H units appear to be clustered through the Holocene sections, suggesting temporal earthquake clustering in the Marmara Sea region. Such clustering may account for the lack of T–H units and hence large ruptures through the Central Basin since 1343.
GdWN$_3$ is a Nitride Perovskite
Creators: name: Smaha, Rebecca W.
name: Mangum, John S.
name: Yadav, Neha
name: Rom, Christopher L.
name: Wieliczka, Brian M.
name: Julien, Baptiste
name: Treglia, Andrew
name: Perkins, Craig L.
name: Gorai, Prashun
name: Bauers, Sage R.
name: Zakutayev, Andriy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nitride perovskites $AB$N$_3$ are an emerging and highly under-explored class of materials that are of interest due to their intriguing calculated ferroelectric, optoelectronic, and other functional properties. Incorporating novel $A$-site cations is one strategy to tune and expand such properties; for example, Gd$^{3+}$ is compelling due to its large magnetic moment, potentially leading to multiferroic behavior. However, the theoretically predicted ground state of GdWN$_3$ is a non-perovskite monoclinic structure. Here, we experimentally show that GdWN$_3$ crystallizes in a perovskite structure. High-throughput combinatorial sputtering with activated nitrogen is employed to synthesize thin films of Gd$_{1-x}$W$_{x}$N$_{3-y}$ with low oxygen content within the bulk of the films. Ex-situ annealing crystallizes a polycrystalline perovskite phase in a narrow composition window near $x=1$. LeBail fits of synchrotron grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering data are consistent with a perovskite ground-state structure. New density functional theory calculations that included antiferromagnetic configurations confirm that the ground-state structure of GdWN$_3$ is a distorted $Pnma$ perovskite with antiferromagnetic ordering, in contrast to prior predictions. Initial property measurements find that GdWN$_3$ is paramagnetic down to $T=2$ K with antiferromagnetic correlations and that the absorption onset depends on cation stoichiometry. This work provides an important stepping stone towards the rapid expansion of the emerging family of nitride perovskites and towards our understanding of their potential multiferroic properties.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Bio-Electrochemical Enhancement of Hydrogen and Methane Production in a Combined Anaerobic Digester (AD) and Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) from Dairy Manure
Creators: name: Hassanein, Amro
name: Witarsa, Freddy
name: Lansing, Stephanie
name: Qiu, Ling
name: Liang, Yong
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: biogas
MEC
bio-hydrogen
manure
digestion

description: Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a biological-based technology that generates methane-enriched biogas. A microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) uses electricity to initiate bacterial oxidization of organic matter to produce hydrogen. This study determined the effect of energy production and waste treatment when using dairy manure in a combined AD and MEC (AD-MEC) system compared to AD without MEC (AD-only). In the AD-MEC system, a single chamber MEC (150 mL) was placed inside a 10 L digester on day 20 of the digestion process and run for 272 h (11 days) to determine residual treatment and energy capacity with an MEC included. Cumulative H2 and CH4 production in the AD-MEC (2.43 L H2 and 23.6 L CH4) was higher than AD-only (0.00 L H2 and 10.9 L CH4). Hydrogen concentration during the first 24 h of MEC introduction constituted 20% of the produced biogas, after which time the H2 decreased as the CH4 concentration increased from 50% to 63%. The efficiency of electrical energy recovery (ηE) in the MEC was 73% (ηE min.) to 324% (ηE max.), with an average increase of 170% in total energy compared to AD-only. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was higher in the AD-MEC (7.09 kJ/g COD removed) system compared to AD-only (6.19 kJ/g COD removed). This study showed that adding an MEC during the digestion process could increase overall energy production and organic removal from dairy manure.
Numerical studies on the Impact of the Last Glacial Cycle on recent borehole temperature profiles: implications for terrestrial energy balance
Creators: name: Beltrami, Hugo
name: Matharoo, Gurpreet S.
name: Tarasov, L.
name: Rath, V.
name: Smerdon, Jason E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Glacial landforms
subject: Climatic changes--Data processing
subject: Paleoclimatology
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geomorphology

description: Reconstructions of past climatic changes from borehole temperature profiles are important independent estimates of temperature histories over the last millennium. There remain, however, multiple uncertainties in the interpretation of these data as climatic indicators and as estimates of the changes in the heat content of the continental subsurface due to long-term climatic change. One of these uncertainties is associated with the often ignored impact of the last glacial cycle (LGC) on the subsurface energy content, and on the estimate of the background quasi steady-state signal associated with the diffusion of accretionary energy from the Earth's interior. Here, we provide the first estimate of the impact of the development of the Laurentide ice sheet on the estimates of energy and temperature reconstructions from measurements of terrestrial borehole temperatures in North America. We use basal temperature values from the data-calibrated Memorial University of Newfoundland glacial systems model (MUN-GSM) to quantify the extent of the perturbation to estimated steady-state temperature profiles, and to derive spatial maps of the expected impacts on measured profiles over North America. Furthermore, we present quantitative estimates of the potential effects of temperature changes during the last glacial cycle on the borehole reconstructions over the last millennium for North America. The range of these possible impacts is estimated using synthetic basal temperatures for a period covering 120 ka to the present day that include the basal temperature history uncertainties from an ensemble of results from the calibrated numerical model. For all the locations, we find that within the depth ranges that are typical for available boreholes (≈600 m), the induced perturbations to the steady-state temperature profile are on the order of 10 mW m⁻², decreasing with greater depths. Results indicate that site-specific heat content estimates over North America can differ by as much as 50%, if the energy contribution of the last glacial cycle in those areas of North America that experienced glaciation is not taken into account when estimating recent subsurface energy changes from borehole temperature data.
Hyperquarks and bosonic preon bound states
Creators: name: Schmid, Michael L.
name: Buchmann, Alfons J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a model in which leptons, quarks, and the recently introduced hyperquarks are built up from two fundamental spin 1/2 preons, the standard model weak gauge bosons emerge as preon bound states. In addition, the model predicts a host of new composite gauge bosons, in particular those responsible for hyperquark and proton decay. Their presence entails a left-right symmetric extension of the standard model weak interactions and a scheme for a partial and grand unification of nongravitational interactions based on respectively the effective gauge groups SU(6)_P and SU(9)_G. This leads to a prediction of the Weinberg angle at low energies in good agreement with experiment. Furthermore, using evolution equations for the effective coupling strengths, we calculate the partial and grand unification scales, the hyperquark mass scale, as well as the mass and decay rate of the lightest hyperhadron.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures
A Q-Continuum of Off-Shell Supermultiplets
Creators: name: Hubsch, Tristan
name: Katona, Gregory A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore a continuum of observably and usefully inequivalent, finite-dimensional off-shell representations of worldline N=4-extended supersymmetry, differing from one another only in the value of a "tuning parameter." Their dynamics turns out to be nontrivial already when restricting to just bilinear Lagrangians. In particular, we find a 34-parameter family of bilinear Lagrangians that couple two differently "tuned" of these supermultiplets to each other and to external magnetic fields, where the explicit dependence on the tuning parameters cannot be removed by any field redefinition and so is observable.
description: 12 page, 1 illustration; references updated
Transforming the Bootstrap: Using Transformers to Compute Scattering Amplitudes in Planar N = 4 Super Yang-Mills Theory
Creators: name: Cai, Tianji
name: Merz, Garrett W.
name: Charton, François
name: Nolte, Niklas
name: Wilhelm, Matthias
name: Cranmer, Kyle
name: Dixon, Lance J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We pursue the use of deep learning methods to improve state-of-the-art computations in theoretical high-energy physics. Planar N = 4 Super Yang-Mills theory is a close cousin to the theory that describes Higgs boson production at the Large Hadron Collider; its scattering amplitudes are large mathematical expressions containing integer coefficients. In this paper, we apply Transformers to predict these coefficients. The problem can be formulated in a language-like representation amenable to standard cross-entropy training objectives. We design two related experiments and show that the model achieves high accuracy (> 98%) on both tasks. Our work shows that Transformers can be applied successfully to problems in theoretical physics that require exact solutions.
description: 26+10 pages, 9 figures, 7 tables, application of machine learning aimed at physics and machine learning audience; v2: clarifications added, matches published version
Robust Low-rank Tensor Recovery: Models and Algorithms
Creators: name: Goldfarb, Donald
name: Qin, Zhiwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Robust tensor recovery plays an instrumental role in robustifying tensor decompositions for multilinear data analysis against outliers, gross corruptions and missing values and has a diverse array of applications. In this paper, we study the problem of robust low-rank tensor recovery in a convex optimization framework, drawing upon recent advances in robust Principal Component Analysis and tensor completion. We propose tailored optimization algorithms with global convergence guarantees for solving both the constrained and the Lagrangian formulations of the problem. These algorithms are based on the highly efficient alternating direction augmented Lagrangian and accelerated proximal gradient methods. We also propose a nonconvex model that can often improve the recovery results from the convex models. We investigate the empirical recoverability properties of the convex and nonconvex formulations and compare the computational performance of the algorithms on simulated data. We demonstrate through a number of real applications the practical effectiveness of this convex optimization framework for robust low-rank tensor recovery.
description: appearing in SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications
Development of a Machine Learning-Based Radiometric Bias Correction for NOAA’s Microwave Integrated Retrieval System (MiRS)
Creators: name: Zhou, Yan
name: Grassotti, Christopher
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: machine learning
neural network
bias correction
MiRS

description: We present the development of a dynamic over-ocean radiometric bias correction for the Microwave Integrated Retrieval System (MiRS) which accounts for spatial, temporal, spectral, and angular dependence of the systematic differences between observed and forward model-simulated radiances. The dynamic bias correction, which utilizes a deep neural network approach, is designed to incorporate dependence on the atmospheric and surface conditions that impact forward model biases. The approach utilizes collocations of observed Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership/Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (SNPP/ATMS) radiances and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model analyses which are used as input to the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) forward model to develop training data of radiometric biases. Analysis of the neural network performance indicates that in many channels, the dynamic bias is able to reproduce realistically both the spatial patterns of the original bias and its probability distribution function. Furthermore, retrieval impact experiments on independent data show that, compared with the baseline static bias correction, using the dynamic bias correction can improve temperature and water vapor profile retrievals, particularly in regions with higher Cloud Liquid Water (CLW) amounts. Ocean surface emissivity retrievals are also improved, for example at 23.8 GHz, showing an increase in correlation from 0.59 to 0.67 and a reduction of standard deviation from 0.035 to 0.026.
Small Extended Formulations for Cyclic Polytopes
Creators: name: Bogomolov, Yuri
name: Fiorini, Samuel
name: Maksimenko, Aleksandr
name: Pashkovich, Kanstantsin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We provide an extended formulation of size O(log n)^{\lfloor d/2 \rfloor} for the cyclic polytope with dimension d and n vertices (i,i^2,\ldots,i^d), i in [n]. First, we find an extended formulation of size log(n) for d= 2. Then, we use this as base case to construct small-rank nonnegative factorizations of the slack matrices of higher-dimensional cyclic polytopes, by iterated tensor products. Through Yannakakis's factorization theorem, these factorizations yield small-size extended formulations for cyclic polytopes of dimension d>2.
Unplanned Natural Experiments: The Case of Remote Sensing of Primary Production and Its Environmental Correlations in the Negev
Creators: name: Prince, Stephen D.
name: Jackson, Hasan
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: natural experiment
productivity
NPP
dryland
Local NPP Scaling (LNS)
Negev

description: Studies of the correlations of environmental factors with vegetation growth using remotely sensed measurements are necessarily made against a background of biophysical and anthropogenic factors, such as local fertility, microclimate, and the effects of human land use, in addition to the factors of interest. This is an inevitable outcome of a natural (unplanned) design where the effects of the factors of interest are confounded with other, often unknown factors, possibly rendering the results inaccurate or poorly-constrained. The problems associated with a natural design would be reduced if sites could be identified in which uncontrolled variables had no impact. However, rarely are such sites known a priori. Here, a component of the net primary production (NPP) local scaling (LNS) method was used to estimate the potential NPP in the absence of confounding factors. Subsequent analyses of the effects of the selected environmental variables were carried out using the potential NPP. The method was tested in relation to NPP along the transitional ecotone from desert to semiarid conditions in the northern Negev, Israel. The effects of four environmental factors were tested: precipitation, topography, land cover, and interannual variability. While precipitation is generally the only environmental variable that is considered in drylands, the other factors were found to be significant. The results provided unambiguous evidence of the value of the method.
A fixed sublithospheric source for the late Neogene track of the Yellowstone hotspot: Implications of the Heise and Picabo volcanic fields
Creators: name: Anders, Mark H.
name: Rodgers, David W.
name: Hemming, Sidney R.
name: Saltzman, Janet
name: DiVenere, Victor J.
name: Hagstrum, Jonathan T.
name: Embree, Glenn F.
name: Walter, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Volcanic fields
subject: Calderas
subject: Geology, Structural
subject: Neogene Geologic Period
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geology
subject: Plate tectonics
subject: Geochemistry

description: The Heise and Picabo volcanic fields of eastern Idaho are part of the more extensive time-transgressive Yellowstone-Snake River Plain hotspot track. Calderas associated with these two silicic volcanic fields are buried under 1 to 3 km of younger basalt, so their locations and eruption record histories have been based on analysis of silicic units along the margins of the eastern Snake River Plain along with some limited geophysical data. A 1.5 km borehole penetrating through basalt into underlying silicic rocks provides new data we used to reassess caldera locations and the timing of eruptions of these volcanic fields. Using these new caldera locations, we calculate an extension-adjusted rate of 2.35 cm/yr for the North American plate over the last 6.66 m.y. and a velocity of 2.30 cm/yr over the 10.27 m.y. Recalculation of a previously determined plate velocity-based migration of the deformation field surrounding the eastern Snake River Plain yields an extension-adjusted rate of 2.38 ± 0.21 cm/yr. These migration rates all fall within the previously published range of North American plate velocities of 2.2 ± 0.8 cm/yr, 2.4 cm/yr, and 2.68 ± 0.78 cm/yr based on a global hot spot reference frame. The consistency of these rates suggest that over the last 10 m.y., the Yellowstone hot spot is fixed with respect to the motion of the North American plate and therefore consistent with a classical deep-sourced hotspot model.
Interactions with a Complex Microbiota Mediate a Trade-Off between the Host Development Rate and Heat Stress Resistance
Creators: name: Slowinski, Samuel
name: Ramirez, Isabella
name: Narayan, Vivek
name: Somayaji, Medha
name: Para, Maya
name: Pi, Sarah
name: Jadeja, Niharika
name: Karimzadegan, Siavash
name: Pees, Barbara
name: Shapira, Michael
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: microbiome
microbiota
life-history traits
tradeoffs
C. elegans
development
heat stress

description: Animals and plants host diverse communities of microorganisms, and these microbiotas have been shown to influence host life history traits. Much has been said about the benefits that host-associated microbiotas bestow on the host. However, life history traits often demonstrate tradeoffs among one another. Raising Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes in compost microcosms emulating their natural environment, we examined how complex microbiotas affect host life history traits. We show that soil microbes usually increase the host development rate but decrease host resistance to heat stress, suggesting that interactions with complex microbiotas may mediate a tradeoff between host development and stress resistance. What element in these interactions is responsible for these effects is yet unknown, but experiments with live versus dead bacteria suggest that such effects may depend on bacterially provided signals.
Ultra-fast Digital DPC Yielding High Spatio-Temporal Resolution for Low-Dose Phase Characterisation
Creators: name: Bekkevold, Julie Marie
name: Peters, Jonathan J. P.
name: Ishikawa, Ryo
name: Shibata, Naoya
name: Jones, Lewys
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the scanning transmission electron microscope, both phase imaging of beam-sensitive materials and characterisation of a material's functional properties using in-situ experiments are becoming more widely available. As the practicable scan speed of 4D-STEM detectors improves, so too does the temporal resolution achievable for both differential phase contrast (DPC) and ptychography. However, the read-out burden of pixelated detectors, and the size of the gigabyte to terabyte sized data sets, remain a challenge for both temporal resolution and their practical adoption. In this work, we show that a high-fidelity DPC phase reconstruction can be achieved from both annular segmented detectors or pixelated arrays with relatively few elements using signal digitisation. Unlike conventional analog data, even at the fastest scan speeds, phase reconstructions from digitised DPC-segment images yield reliable data. Finally, dose fractionation by fast scanning and multi-framing allows for post-process binning of frame streams to balance signal-to-noise ratio and temporal resolution for low-dose phase imaging for in-situ experiments.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures + 6 supplementary figures, 1 supplementary table. This revised version includes minor fixes and clarifications
A Multisensor Comparison of Ocean Wave Frequency Spectra from a Research Vessel during the Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment
Creators: name: Cifuentes-Lorenzen, Alejandro
name: Edson, James B.
name: Zappa, Christopher J.
name: Bariteau, Ludovic
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Ocean waves--Spectra
subject: Hydrology
subject: Ocean waves--Measurement
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Obtaining accurate measurements of wave statistics from research vessels remains a challenge due to the platform motion. One principal correction is the removal of ship heave and Doppler effects from point measurements. Here, open-ocean wave measurements were collected using a laser altimeter, a Doppler radar microwave sensor, a radar-based system, and inertial measurement units. Multiple instruments were deployed to capture the low- and high-frequency sea surface displacements. Doppler and motion correction algorithms were applied to obtain a full 1D (0.035–1.3 ± 0.2 Hz) wave spectrum. The radar-based system combined with the laser altimeter provided the optimal low- and high-frequency combination, producing a frequency spectrum in the range from 0.035 to 1.2 Hz for cruising speeds ≤3 m s−1 with a spectral rolloff of f−4 Hz and noise floor of −20/−30 dB. While on station, the significant wave height estimates were comparable within 10%–15% among instrumentation. Discrepancies in the total energy and in the spectral shape between instruments arise when the ship is in motion. These differences can be quantified using the spectral behavior of the measurements, accounting for aliasing and Doppler corrections. The inertial sensors provided information on the amplitude of the ship’s modulation transfer function, which was estimated to be ~1.3 ± 0.2 while on station and increased while underway [2.1 at ship-over-ground (SOG) speed; 4.3 m s−1]. The correction scheme presented here is adequate for measurements collected at cruising speeds of 3 m s−1 or less. At speeds greater than 5 m s−1, the motion and Doppler corrections are not sufficient to correct the observed spectral degradation.
Impact of the Built Environment Measured at Multiple Levels on Nonmotorized Travel Behavior: An Ecological Approach to a Florida Case Study
Creators: name: Mahmoudi, Jina
name: Zhang, Lei
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: nonmotorized travel behavior
walking
bicycling
built environment
ecological model

description: Research continues to reveal the benefits of nonmotorized travel modes such as walking and bicycling. Therefore, identification of the factors that nurture these activities is essential in developing sustainable urban planning policies and designs. Among those factors are the built environment characteristics of the place of residence. To date, research on the role of the built environment in nonmotorized travel has focused on neighborhood-level factors. However, people do not stay within their neighborhoods; they live and work at a regional scale and travel to various destinations and distances each day. Nonetheless, little is known about the impact of built environment factors at larger spatial scales on nonmotorized travel behavior. Guided by the principles of the ecological model of behavior, this study investigates the role of the built environment at hierarchical spatial scales in nonmotorized travel behavior. Multilevel Structural Equation Models have been developed to comprehensively examine the complex links between the built environment and individuals’ nonmotorized travel. Findings indicate that built environment factors at multiple spatial scales can influence nonmotorized travel behavior. Thus, to promote walking and bicycling, more effective policies are those that include multilevel built environment and land use interventions and consider the overall physical form of urban areas.
Quark gap equation in an external magnetic field
Creators: name: Watson, Peter
name: Reinhardt, Hugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonperturbative quark gap equation under the rainbow truncation and with two versions of a phenomenological one-gluon exchange interaction is studied in the presence of a uniform external magnetic field, with emphasis on the small field limit. The chiral quark condensate, magnetic moment and susceptibility are calculated and compared to recent lattice data.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
A theorem for the closed-form evaluation of the first generalized Stieltjes constant at rational arguments and some related summations
Creators: name: Blagouchine, Iaroslav V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recently, it was conjectured that the first generalized Stieltjes constant at rational argument may be always expressed by means of Euler's constant, the first Stieltjes constant, the $Γ$-function at rational argument(s) and some relatively simple, perhaps even elementary, function. This conjecture was based on the evaluation of $γ_1(1/2)$, $γ_1(1/3)$, $γ_1(2/3)$, $γ_1(1/4)$, $γ_1(3/4)$, $γ_1(1/6)$, $γ_1(5/6)$, which could be expressed in this way. This article completes this previous study and provides an elegant theorem which allows to evaluate the first generalized Stieltjes constant at any rational argument. Several related summation formulæ involving the first generalized Stieltjes constant and the Digamma function are also presented. In passing, an interesting integral representation for the logarithm of the $Γ$-function at rational argument is also obtained. Finally, it is shown that similar theorems may be derived for higher Stieltjes constants as well; in particular, for the second Stieltjes constant the theorem is provided in an explicit form.
Interaction effects on atomic laboratory trapped Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Briscese, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the effect of inter-atoms interactions on the condensation temperature $T_c$ of an atomic laboratory trapped Bose-Einstein condensate. We show that, in the mean-field Hartree-Fock and semiclassical approximations, interactions produce a shift $ΔT_{c}/T_{c}^{0} \approx b_1 (a/λ_{T_c}) + b_2 (a/λ_{T_c})^2 + ψ[a/λ_{T_c}]$ with $a$ the s-wave scattering length, $λ_T$ the thermal wavelength and $ψ[a/λ_{T_c}]$ a non-analytic function such that $ψ[0] = ψ'[0] = ψ"[0] = 0$ and $|ψ"'[0]| = \infty$. Therefore, with no more assumptions than Hartree-Fock and semiclassical approximations, interaction effecs are perturbative to second order in $a/λ_{T_c}$ and the expected non-perturbativity of physical quantities at critical temperature appears only to third order. We compare this finding with different results by other authors, which are based on more than the Hartree-Fock and semiclassical approximations. Moreover, we obtain an analytical estimation for $b_2 \simeq 18.8$ which improves a previous numerical result. We also discuss how the discrepancy between $b_2$ and the empirical value of $b_2 = 46 \pm 5$ may be explained with no need to resort to beyond-mean field effects.
description: 6 pages, to appear in Eur. Phys. J. B (2013)