cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Toward a simplified calibration method for 23 nm automotive particle counters using atomized inorganic salt particles
Creators: name: Krasa, H.
name: Kupper, M.
name: Schriefl, M. A.
name: Bergmann, A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: In 2011, the Euro 5b light-duty vehicle legislation introduced particle number (PN) limits for vehicle homologation. To measure PN concentrations, specific condensation particle counters (CPC) with a counting efficiency (CE) of 50% at 23 nm are required. The usage of such automotive CPCs will significantly increase with the upcoming legislation for PN measurements during periodic technical inspections, which comes along with the need for simple calibration methods for particle number counters using salt particles. In this work, we examined the counting characteristics of an automotive AVL 23 nm CPC with inorganic salt particles. We further investigated the usability of different atomized inorganic salt particles for calibration purposes focusing on CE and linearity. The CE varies greatly depending on the chemical salt composition: While NaI was fully activated down to 18 nm and linear over the full concentration range, the CE of other atomized salt solutions showed a strong concentration dependency with a d50 diameter ranging from 38.2 nm to 69.5 nm for atomized NaCl with increasing concentration. Such effects were not found for tube-furnace generated salt particles within similar concentration ranges. When a hot dilution was applied, the non-linear behavior was minimized and the CE overall increased, leading to a d50 of 27.3 nm for atomized NaCl. Based on those findings, we propose a simplified calibration method for automotive PN counters without the need for a differential mobility analyzer due to the high CE of atomized NaI particles.
A mechanism for electrostatically generated magnetoresistance in chiral systems without spin-dependent transport
Creators: name: Tirion, Sytze H.
name: van Wees, Bart J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Significant attention has been drawn to electronic transport in chiral materials coupled to ferromagnets in the chirality induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. A large magnetoresistance (MR) is usually observed which is widely interpreted to originate from spin (dependent) transport. However, there are severe discrepancies between the experimental results and theoretical interpretations, most notably the apparent failure of the Onsager reciprocity relation in the linear response regime. We provide an alternative explanation for the mechanism of the two terminal MR in chiral systems coupled to a ferromagnet. For this we point out that it was observed that the electrostatic contact potential of chiral materials on a ferromagnet depends on the magnetization direction and chirality. In our explanation this causes the transport barrier to be modified by the magnetization direction, already in equilibrium, in the absence of a bias current. This strongly alters the charge transport through/over the barrier, not requiring spin transport. This provides a mechanism that allows the linear response resistance to be sensitive to the magnetization direction and also explains the failure of the Onsager reciprocity relations. We propose experimental configurations to confirm our alternative mechanism for MR.
title: TC DE TÓRAX EN ESPIRACIÓN  Y EN DECÚBITO PRONO: revisión de su utilidad en distintas patologías pulmonares.
Creators: name: Baraibar Argota, Nerea
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Infection
subject: Congenital
subject: Artifacts
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: CT
subject: Thorax
subject: Respiratory system
subject: Lung

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
Los estudios detomografía computarizada (TC)en espiración y en decúbito prono son estudios complementarios al estudio de TC de tóraxinspiratorio.El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar una serie de patologías en las que estos estudios...
Le migrazioni irlandesi in Francia fra il XVI secolo e i primi decenni del XIX secolo. Lo status quaestionis
Creators: name: Binasco, Matteo
Publisher: name: Biblioteca di Studi di Filologia Moderna: Series, Journals and Workshop
Year: 2014

description: The aim of this paper is to provide a historiographical overview of the Irish migrations to France from the second half of the sixteenth to the early nineteenth centuries. Over the last fifteen years, research on Irish migrations to France and the rest of Europe during this period has generated an impressive amount of scholarship, thus demonstrating  how this can be considered a phenomenon which anticipated the great Irish diaspora of the nineteenth century.
description: Studi irlandesi. A Journal of Irish Studies, No 4 (2014)
High-accuracy effective density measurements of sodium methanesulfonate and aminium chloride nanoparticles using a particulate calibration standard
Creators: name: Perraud, Véronique
name: Smith, James N.
name: Olfert, Jason
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Methanesulfonate and aminium salts are commonly found in ambient nanoparticles and are often used as calibration standards. However, the effective densities of the particles generated from these standards are required if they are to be used to calibrate aerosol mass spectrometers or to estimate hygroscopic growth factors from electrodynamic balance experiments. A centrifugal particle mass analyzer and scanning mobility particle sizer were used in tandem (CPMA-SMPS) to measure the effective density of five salts. The effective densities were determined to be: sodium methanesulfonate, 1474 ± 13 kg m−3; methylammonium chloride, 1236 ± 29 kg m−3, monoethanolamine hydrochloride, 1136 ± 26 kg m−3; 1,4-diaminobutane dihydrochloride, 1135 ± 33 kg m−3; and NaCl was found to have a size-dependent effective density due to its non-spherical shape. It is also shown how Santovac® vacuum pump oil can be used to accurately calibrate the CPMA-SMPS system for particles less than 100 nm in diameter, which is a size range that has been problematic for calibration techniques relying on polystyrene latex spheres. Copyright © 2023 American Association for Aerosol Research
title: Robust hybrid/mixed finite elements for rubber-like materials under severe compression
Creators: name: Schönherr, Josef Arthur
name: Schneider, Patrick
name: Mittelstedt, Christian
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2025

description: A new family of hybrid/mixed finite elements optimized for numerical stability is introduced. It comprises a linear hexahedral and quadratic hexahedral and tetrahedral elements. The element formulation is derived from a consistent linearization of a well-known three-field functional and related to Simo–Taylor–Pister (STP) elements. For the quadratic hexahedral and tetrahedral elements we derive (static reduced) discontinuous hybrid elements, as well as continuous mixed finite elements with additional primary unknowns for the hydrostatic pressure and the dilation, whereas the linear hexahedral element is of the discontinuous type. The elements can readily be used in combination with any isotropic, invariant-based hyperelastic material model and can be considered as being locking-free. In a representative numerical benchmark test the elements numerical stability is assessed and compared to STP-elements and the family of discontinuous hybrid elements implemented in the commercial finite element code Abaqus/Standard. The new elements show a significant advantage concerning the numerical robustness.
The role of q-spin singlet pairs of physical spins in the dynamical properties of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg-Ising XXZ chain
Creators: name: Carmelo, José M. P.
name: Sacramento, Pedro D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical correlation functions contain important physical information on correlated spin models. Here a dynamical theory suitable suitable to the isotropic spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain in a longitudinal magnetic field is extended to anisotropy larger than one . The aim of this paper is the study of the line shape of the spin dynamical structure factor components +-, -+ and zz of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg-Ising chain in a longitudinal magnetic field near their sharp peaks. To reach that goal, the nature of the specific type of elementary magnetic configurations both unbound and associated with real Bethe-ansatz rapidities and bound and described by complex Bethe strings is clarified: They are singlet q-spin pairs of physical spins 1/2. We derive analytical expressions for the line shapes of dynamical structure factor components +-, -+ and zz valid in the vicinity of lines of sharp peaks. Those are mostly located at and just above lower thresholds of continua associated with both real-rapidity states with only unbound q-spin singlet pairs and states with real and complex rapidities populated by such unbound pairs and a single 2-string or a single 3-string. The latter contain 2 and 3 bound q-spin singlet pairs, respectively. Our results provide physically interesting and important information on the microscopic processes that determine the dynamical properties of the non-perturbative spin-1/2 Heisenberg-Ising chain in a longitudinal magnetic field.
description: 42 pages, 9 figures
'Tilting' the Universe with the Landscape Multiverse: The 'Dark' Flow
Creators: name: Mersini-Houghton, L.
name: Holman, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theory for the selection of the initial state of the universe from the landscape multiverse predicts superhorizon inhomogeneities induced by nonlocal entanglement of our Hubble volume with modes and domains beyond the horizon. Here we show these naturally give rise to a bulk flow with correlation length of order horizon size. The modification to the gravitational potential has a characteristic scale $L_{1} \simeq 10^{3} H^{-1}$, and it originates from the preinflationary remnants of the landscape. The 'tilt' in the potential induces power to the lowest CMB multipoles, with the dominant contribution being the dipole and next, the quadrupole. The induced multipoles $l \le 2$ are aligned with an axis normal to their alignment plane being oriented along the preferred frame determined by the dipole. The preferred direction is displayed by the velocity field of the bulk flow relative to the expansion frame of the universe. The parameters are tightly constrained thus the derived modifications lead to robust predictions for testing our theory. The 'dark' flow was recently discovered by Kashlinsky et al. to be about $700 km/s$ which seems in good agreement with our predictions for the induced dipole of order $3 μK$. Placed in this context, the discovery of the bulk flow by Kashlinsky et al. becomes even more interesting as it may provide a probe of the preinflationary physics and a window onto the landscape multiverse.
description: 7 pgs, 2 figs
Autecology of Blidingia minima var. Subsalsa (Chlorophyceae) in the Squamish River estuary, British Columbia
Creators: name: Prange, Robert K.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The autecology of the estuarine alga, Blidingia minima var. subsalsa (Kjellman) Scagel (Chlorophyceae) was considered with regard to its growth, reproduction and distribution. Studies were conducted on the Squamish River estuary, British Columbia, from May 1974 to July 1975 and in the laboratory from January to August 1975. The major environmental factors considered were light, temperature, salinity, nutrients and desiccation. The alga occurred on the Squamish River delta in the upper intertidal zone. Biomass, as estimated by percent cover, increased in the period March to early May, then remained stable or decreased during spring runoff in May and June, finally increasing to a maximum in August. Increases in percent cover were associated with brackish salinity, high light intensity, high air temperature, considerable desiccation, an absence of algal competitors and possibly favourable ion ratios. The three factors investigated in the laboratory (temperature, salinity and nutrients) interacted in their effect on net photosynthesis. Reproduction in the laboratory occurred by release of quadri-flagellate and isomorphic biflagellate swarmers. Some biflagellate swarmers fused and germinated, producing isomorphic plants. The period of swarmer release was from January to early May. The alga was perennial but during the winter only its prostrate basal disc was present. Maximum vertical distribution was from 1.5 to 4.0 m above chart datum (lowest low water). Maximum percent cover occurred at ca. 3.25 m. The upper limit appeared to be associated with unfavourable osmotic conditions, e.g. rain or desiccation, and the lower limit with low light intensities. Horizontal distribution was limited by absence of salt water on the freshwater side and competition from Fucus distichus subsp. edentatus (De la Pylaie) Powell on the marine side of the estuary. Blidingia minima var. subsalsa1s geographical and habitat distribution was also examined by reference to literature reports and herbarium collections. The species is cosmopolitan, occurring in every ocean except the Indian and Antarctic with most reports from polar and temperate regions. The variety occurs in brackish, marine and freshwater habitats.
BO'LAJAK PEDAGOGNING METODIK TAYYORGARLIGI USTIDA ISHLASH
Creators: name: Maxmudova, O.T.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Innovatsion rivojlanish jarayonining markazida yuqori ijodiy salohiyat va kasbiy mahoratga ega bo‘lgan inson turadi. Innovatsion rivojlanishning sur’ati va muvaffaqiyati uning tayyorgarlik darajasiga, ijodiy qobiliyatlarining rivojlanishiga, ichki zaxiralarini safarbar qilishga tayyorligiga, o‘zgaruvchan hayot sharoitlarida moslashuvchan bo‘lishiga hal qiluvchi darajada bog‘liq. Bu borada innovatsion rivojlanishni tezlashtirishning muhim omili sifatida ta’lim alohida ahamiyat kasb etadi.
In silico investigation of the effect of particle diameter on deposition uniformity in pulmonary drug delivery
Creators: name: Min, Hyunhong J.
name: Stride, Eleanor P.
name: Payne, Stephen J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Systemic drug delivery via the pulmonary route has a critical limitation because dose uniformity is strongly dependent upon patient inhalation technique. The most frequent and critical errors in inhalation technique are overly forceful inspiration and insufficient breath-holding. In this study, response surface methodology was used with an in silico whole lung particle deposition model for bolus administration to investigate whether varying the inhaled drug particle size could reduce the dependence of deposition upon flow rate and/or breath-holding duration. The range of particle aerodynamic diameters studied was 0.1–10 µm for flow rates between 500–2000 mL/s and breath-holding duration between 0–15 seconds. Comparison with published experimental data showed that this modeling approach can accurately predict the lung deposition. The simulation results indicated that the deposition of particles with aerodynamic diameter in the range of 0.1–1.5 µm should be minimally affected by flow rate over the 500–2000 mL/s range. There was found to be no particle size whose deposition was completely independent of breath-holding duration. The smallest particles, whose deposition is diffusion-driven, were found to be the least sensitive to breath-holding time, but this size is of limited practical use. On the other hand, the simulations indicated that particles with a 1.5 µm diameter would provide acceptable consistency in dose reaching the acini region when the breath-holding duration was greater than 10 seconds. It is hoped that this finding could provide a means of improving dose uniformity for systemic delivery via the pulmonary route by facilitating simplified patient instructions.
Estimating the parameters of non-spinning binary black holes using ground-based gravitational-wave detectors: Statistical errors
Creators: name: Ajith, P.
name: Bose, Sukanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged): We assess the statistical errors in estimating the parameters of non-spinning black-hole binaries using ground-based gravitational-wave detectors. While past assessments were based on only the inspiral/ring-down pieces of the coalescence signal, the recent progress in analytical and numerical relativity enables us to make more accurate projections using "complete" inspiral-merger-ringdown waveforms. We employ the Fisher matrix formalism to estimate how accurately the source parameters will be measurable using a single interferometer as well as a network of interferometers. Those estimates are further vetted by Monte-Carlo simulations. We find that the parameter accuracies of the complete waveform are, in general, significantly better than those of just the inspiral waveform in the case of binaries with total mass M > 20 M_sun. For the case of the Advanced LIGO detector, parameter estimation is the most accurate in the M=100-200 M_sun range. For an M=100M_sun system, the errors in measuring the total mass and the symmetric mass-ratio are reduced by an order of magnitude or more compared to inspiral waveforms. For binaries located at a luminosity distance d_L and observed with the Advanced LIGO--Advanced Virgo network, the sky-position error varies widely across the sky: For M=100M_sun systems at d_L=1Gpc, this variation ranges from ~0.01 square-degrees to one square-degree, with an average value of ~0.1 square-degrees. This is more than forty times better than the average sky-position accuracy of inspiral waveforms at this mass-range. The error in estimating d_L is dominated by the error in measuring the wave's polarization and is ~43% for low-mass binaries and ~23% for high-mass binaries located at d_L=1Gpc.
description: 20 pages, 19 figures, Version published in Phys. Rev. D
Temperature & Time: The Effect(s) of Storage Conditions on Touch DNA Deposited onto Drug Baggies
Creators: name: Keller, Kaitlin S
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Activity-level propositions in forensic biology address the question “how did the DNA get there,” rather than simply “who’s DNA is it?” DNA transfer, persistence, prevalence and recovery (DNA-TPPR) are key activity-level variables useful in developing the explanations that inform activity-level propositions. In this project, the focus will be looking at these key variables. Present work will use true fingerprints on drug baggies stored at different time intervals and temperatures to define these activity-level variables. In Aim 1, we will change the time since deposition to see the effect on the deposited touch DNA. The different time points are 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days. In Aim 2, we will change the temperature to see the effect on the deposited touch DNA. The different temperatures are room temperature and 37℃. Both Aim 1 and 2 will look at cell count and DNA quantity to evaluate the possible changes. The cell count of the samples will be obtained with Diamond Dye and a Dino-Lite or Trypan Blue Stain and a microscope. The DNA quantity of the samples with be obtained through an organic extraction and real-time PCR. The cell count or DNA quantity will be plotted verse the storage length or temperature to determine a relationship. We would expect to define the mean and range of cell count and DNA quantity for these different storage lengths at different temperatures to relate to the key activity-level variables.
On the chain length dependence of local correlations in polymer melts and a perturbation theory of symmetric polymer blends
Creators: name: Morse, David C.
name: Chung, Jun Kyung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The self-consistent field (SCF) theory of dense polymer liquids assumes that short-range correlations are almost independent of how monomers are connected into polymers. Some limits of this idea are explored in the context of a perturbation theory for mixtures of structurally identical polymer species, A and B, in which the AB pair interaction differs slightly from the AA and BB interaction, and the difference is controlled by a parameter alpha Expanding the free energy to O(α) yields an excess free energy of the form alpha $z(N)ϕ_{A}ϕ_{B}$, in both lattice and continuum models, where z(N) is a measure of the number of inter-molecular near neighbors of each monomer in a one-component liquid. This quantity decreases slightly with increasing N because the self-concentration of monomers from the same chain is slightly higher for longer chains, creating a deeper correlation hole for longer chains. We analyze the resulting $N$-dependence, and predict that $z(N) = z^{\infty}[1 + β\bar{N}^{-1/2}]$, where $\bar{N}$ is an invariant degree of polymerization, and $β=(6/π)^{3/2}$. This and other predictions are confirmed by comparison to simulations. We also propose a way to estimate the effective interaction parameter appropriate for comparisons of simulation data to SCF theory and to coarse-grained theories of corrections to SCF theory, which is based on an extrapolation of coefficients in this perturbation theory to the limit $N \to \infty$. We show that a renormalized one-loop theory contains a quantitatively correct description of the $N$-dependence of local structure studied here.
description: submitted to J. Chem. Phys
Photocathodes for Photochemical Cells, Exploring Charge Separation and Ultrafast Lasers
Creators: name: Hargenrader, George Nik
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Research efforts discussed in this thesis focus on strategies to effect photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to simple hydrocarbons, using solar radiation as the driving force. Chapter 1 consists of a brief introduction on the need to store solar energy as well as the associated challenges. The importance of CO2 reduction is presented and the current methodologies are reviewed. In Chapter 2, the construction of an ultrafast transient absorption pump probe spectrometer is presented. This instrument was used for all the studies presented in this thesis to probe photochemical processes that occur immediately after photon absorption; specifically, charge transfer and the non-productive relaxation pathways. Many of the technical challenges faced during the endeavor are discussed in detail. In Chapter 3, a light harvesting antenna constructed via self-assembly of graphene quantum dots into stacked disc nanowires is investigated. A pair of cobalt based hydrogen evolution catalysts were covalently attached to the monomer unit (“HBCPy”) and the ability of the antenna to funnel excited state energy to the reaction site was evaluated. It was found that the HBCPy nanowires allowed excitons to sample 50 monomer units before relaxing, which is significant compared to similar systems. However, energy or electron transfer to the catalyst was not observed, likely due to the formation of non-productive energy pathways. This work gives insight for future improvements for the use of HBCPY as a light harvesting antenna. In Chapter 4, a strategy to photochemically regenerate an NAD+ analog is explored by covalently attaching the catalyst to the wide band gap p-type semiconductor NiO, which serves as an electron donor. The purpose is to address the fact that sequential reduction of CO2 to simple hydrocarbons have been hampered by the high energy intermediate singly reduced state CO2●¯. The strategy of reducing CO2 via a hydride donating catalyst based on NADH may provide a way to avoid this high energy intermediates. However, the strategy is only viable if the NADH analog acts as a true catalyst by being regenerated, as opposed to being consumed in stoichiometric amounts. This work highlights some of the mechanistic challenges associated with photo regeneration of hydride donors. In Chapter 5, a summary is provided of the research presented in this thesis. Future directions are highlighted to address the challenges discussed herein.
Charged Hadron Properties in Background Electric Fields
Creators: name: Detmold, William
name: Tiburzi, Brian C.
name: Walker-Loud, Andre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a lattice calculation demonstrating a novel new method to extract the electric polarizability of charged pseudo-scalar mesons by analyzing two point correlation functions computed in classical background electric fields.
description: Poster presented at The XXVII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 26-31 2009, Peking University, Beijing, China: v2 typos corrected
Modelling of silica synthesis in a laminar flame by coupling an extended population balance model with computational fluid dynamics
Creators: name: Tsagkaridis, Malamas
name: Rigopoulos, Stelios
name: Papadakis, George
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: In the present study, we propose a novel extended population balance equation (PBE) model for aggregation and sintering and couple it with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate synthesis of silica nanoparticles in a laminar diffusion flame. The extended PBE includes finite-rate sintering of primary particles by solving the PBE together with a transport equation for the number concentration of primary particles. In the process simulated, the particles are formed via the oxidation of a vapour precursor, hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), and the aerosol processes include nucleation, condensation, aggregation and sintering. The model is validated with the detailed experimental in-situ SAXS data of Camenzind et al. (2008) and is also compared with a monodisperse and a two-PBE approach. Good agreement is found between the extended one-PBE and two-PBE models, while both of them provide a substantial improvement over the monodisperse one. Furthermore, the coupled CFD-PBE simulation with the extended one-PBE model reduces substantially the computational time as compared with the two-PBE model and requires less than twice the time needed for the monodisperse model. Excellent agreement is found between numerical predictions and experimental data for temperature along the centreline and reasonably good agreement is found between numerical predictions and SAXS data for primary particle diameters. While results for the particle number concentration are in qualitative agreement with the experimental data, the particle formation rate is overpredicted, leading to an overestimation of the number concentration of the primary particles. This is attributed to uncertainties in the experimental data and precursor decomposition kinetics.
Dualities for Lie superalgebras
Creators: name: Cheng, Shun-Jen
name: Wang, Weiqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We explain how Lie superalgebras of types gl and osp provide a natural framework generalizing the classical Schur and Howe dualities. This exposition includes a discussion of super duality, which connects the parabolic categories O between classical Lie superalgebras and Lie algebras. Super duality provides a conceptual solution to the irreducible character problem for these Lie superalgebras in terms of the classical Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials.
description: 41 pages, lecture notes for ECNU summer school 2009 in Shanghai, version 2, minor changes, some typos fixed and refenreces added/updated.
Hybrid Collaborative Virtual Environments
Creators: name: Bharadwaj, Krishna K N
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Collaborative Virtual Environments have been increasingly used in supporting group work. Several collaborative systems have come up in recent years as a way of meeting the ever changing needs of group work, with asymmetric setups being the latest addition to a diverse collection of systems. In recent years, we see attempts at multi-domain collaboration. Research on interdisciplinary collaboration reveals a need for supporting a hybrid of tools and representations that are familiar to users of different domains. In this dissertation, I present a prototype implementation of a Hybrid Collaborative Virtual Environment that combines multiple representations to facilitate multi-domain collaboration. Preliminary evaluation of the prototype showed that hybridization of different representations can lead to role formation due to dependency on representations, when users are limited to interacting with a single representation. Integrating shared views and shared interaction into this Hybrid Collaborative Virtual Environment with the help of a large shared display environment can help solve the representational dependency issue. Shared views and shared interactions enable users to freely interact with any of the different representations and also eases communication amongst them. I evaluate this integration by means of a formal study having a within group design: A group of three participants perform collaborative tasks using the Hybrid Collaborative Virtual Environment with and without the integration of shared views and shared interactions. I discuss the results of the study and show how shared views and shared interaction improves the collaborative experience.
Manifestation of the anisotropic properties of the molecular J-aggregate shell in optical spectra of plexcitonic nanoparticles
Creators: name: Kondorskiy, Alexey D.
name: Moritaka, Sergey S.
name: Lebedev, Vladimir S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theoretical studies of light absorption and scattering spectra of the plexcitonic two-layer triangular nanoprisms and three-layer nanospheres are reported. The optical properties of such metal-organic core--shell and core--double-shell nanostructures were previously explained within the framework of pure isotropic models for describing their outer excitonic shell. In this work, we show that the anisotropy of the excitonic shell permittivity can drastically affect the optical spectra of such hybrid nanostructures. This fact is confirmed by directly comparing our theory with some available experimental data, which cannot be treated using conventional isotropic shell models. We have analyzed the influence of the shell anisotropy on the optical spectra and proposed a type of hybrid nanostructure that seems most convenient for experimental observation of the effects associated with the anisotropy of the excitonic shell. A strong dependence of the anisotropic properties of the J-aggregate shell on the material of the intermediate spacer layer is demonstrated. This allows proposing a new way to effectively control the optical properties of metal-organic nanostructures by selecting the spacer material. Our results extend the understanding of physical effects in optics of plexcitonic nanostructures to more complex systems with the anisotropic and multi-excitonic properties of their molecular aggregate shell.
The use of transmission electron microscopy with scanning mobility particle size spectrometry for an enhanced understanding of the physical characteristics of aerosol particles generated with a flow tube reactor
Creators: name: Tackman, Emma C.
name: Higgins, Devon N.
name: Kerecman, Devan E.
name: Ott, Emily-Jean E.
name: Johnston, Murray V.
name: Freedman, Miriam Arak
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Aerosol particles are found throughout the atmosphere with considerable variety in morphological characteristics and chemical composition. Identifying and characterizing these particle attributes is a significant step toward improving our understanding of atmospheric chemistry. Many methods exist for measuring the size and spreading of Aitken mode particles, but there are few studies rigorously comparing the results generated between approaches in this field. Here, we compare two methods for assessing aerosol particles – scanning mobility particle size spectrometry (SMPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Aitken mode particles consisting of salt seed particles and seed particles coated with α-pinene secondary organic material were produced in a flow tube reactor. The same populations of particles were analyzed using both techniques to facilitate direct comparison. For ammonium sulfate particles impacted onto carbon and Si TEM substrates, diameters increased by +0% to +30% when compared to the suspended electrical mobility diameters, an unexpectedly wide range for a single component system. Coated particles had unpredictable diameter differences, sometimes evaluated at larger and sometimes smaller sizes after impaction when compared to the corresponding SMPS electrical mobility diameter, from –34% to +60%. While all particles were generally round in shape, variation in particle morphology was also observed in coated samples. Between 0% and 98% of particles displayed obvious phase separation suggesting more population-level diversity than expected from these particle generation processes. Characterizing the differences between TEM and SMPS results better elucidates the role of a substrate where present and shows nonequivalence in particle size distributions obtained from different instruments.
Conexão Acadêmica na Pesquisa: criação de um portal de Cidades Inteligentes georreferenciado através do uso do estágio docência em Programa de Doutorado
Creators: name: Teixeira, João Vitor Souza
name: Porto, Renata Maria Abrantes Baracho
Publisher: name: Labfront/UEMG
Year: 2023

description:  

O estágio docência é uma importante prática na jornada de formação de um doutor. Através do mesmo, é possível adquirir experiência em sala de aula nos diferentes níveis acadêmicos. É importante, porém, que o mesmo sirva como uma das ferramentas para o processo do doutorando em construir e aprimorar a sua pesquisa, para que seu tempo em sala de aula seja ainda mais aproveitado. No presente artigo, serão apresentados resultados da utilização de alunos de graduação lecionados dentro do estágio docência de doutorado para criação de um banco de dados de iniciativas em Cidades Inteligentes. Esse banco de dados foi transformado em uma plataforma online georreferenciada que apresenta as iniciativas adotadas por 100 cidades inteligentes mapeadas ao redor do mundo. A plataforma foi publicada e está disponível para servir de benchmarking para gestores municipais, pesquisadores do tema e interessados como uma espécie de repositório.
title: In utero exposure to violence and child health in Iraq
Creators: name: Sardoschau, Sulin
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Stress
subject: Child health
subject: Iraq
subject: I12
subject: J13
subject: O15
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften

description: This paper examines the impact of exposure to violence during pregnancy on anthropometric and cognitive outcomes of children in the medium run. I combine detailed household-level data on more than 36,000 children with geo-coded information on civilian casualties in the aftermath of the US invasion of Iraq between 2003 and 2009 and exploit within-mother differences in prenatal exposure to violence. I find that one violent incident during pregnancy decreases height- and weight-for-age z-scores by 0.13 standard deviations and lowers cognitive and behavioral skills of children. Leveraging information on the severity, type and perpetrator of violence, I isolate the effect of stress from access to prenatal care. The analysis reveals that stressful events, particularly those involving direct threats to personal safety (violence directed at the civilian population and involving execution and torture), exert an even larger negative impact on child health than those incidents that disrupt health infrastructure and access to prenatal care.
Foundations of the AdS_5 x S^5 Superstring. Part I
Creators: name: Arutyunov, Gleb
name: Frolov, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the recent advances towards finding the spectrum of the AdS_5 x S^5 superstring. We thoroughly explain the theoretical techniques which should be useful for the ultimate solution of the spectral problem. In certain cases our exposition is original and cannot be found in the existing literature. The present Part I deals with foundations of classical string theory in AdS_5 x S^5, light-cone perturbative quantization and derivation of the exact light-cone world-sheet scattering matrix.
description: 161 pages
A generic new platform for topological quantum computation using semiconductor heterostructures
Creators: name: Sau, Jay D.
name: Lutchyn, Roman M.
name: Tewari, Sumanta
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a film of a semiconductor such as GaAs, in which s-wave superconductivity and a Zeeman splitting are induced by proximity effect, supports zero-energy Majorana fermion modes in the ordinary vortex excitations. The key to the topological order is the existence of spin-orbit coupling, coexisting with proximity-induced s-wave superconductivity. Since time reversal symmetry is explicitly broken, the edge of the film constitutes a chiral Majorana wire. The heterostructure we propose -- a semiconducting thin film sandwiched between an s-wave superconductor and a magnetic insulator -- is a generic system which can be used as the platform for topological quantum computation by virtue of the existence of non-Abelian Majorana fermions.
description: 4 pages, 3 eps figures; accepted for publication in PRL
Quantitative .Analysis of D9-tetrabydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol in Consumer Hemp Products
Creators: name: Baidya, Reenie
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Today, Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Colorado, Michigan, Illinois, Massachusetts, Vermont, Maine, Alaska, Montana, Arizona, New Jersey, and Washington D.C have all legalized recreational use of marijuana (cannabis). With more states legalizing cannabis concerns arise. Some of these concerns are regarding the regulation of cannabis, cannabis-derived products, hemp, and hemp-derived products. This study intends to look further into the legal documentation of cannabis regulation federally and within different states. Additionally, this study will examine potential issues that other states have had to inform states that have currently legalized or are going through the process of legalizing cannabis. Finally, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of cannabinoids in cannabidiol hemp products from various retail stores in Chicago, Illinois is performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). These products vary from oil, plant, and solid samples such as powders and edible gummies. The study compares the concentration of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) that is analyzed to the concentration on the label of these products and statistically shows if a significant difference is present. Investigating these products and determining if they are mislabeled is important in understanding the how mislabeled cannabis and hemp products can affect consumers and these businesses negatively. This study investigated 34 samples purchased from two different retail shops. These samples ran in triplicate and by running a standard curve for both THC and CBD, the limit of detection and limit of quantitation was determined. Additionally, standard curves were used to determine the concentration of THC and CBD in the purchased samples. Positive controls of THC and CBD and negative controls of all solvents used for extraction were run on the GC-MS to ensure that the method of analysis was working properly and that all solvents were not contaminated. Before quantification on all samples could be performed, deciding to derivatize samples and deciding what solvent will be best to use for extraction (methanol, petroleum ether, or acetonitrile) was necessary.
Automated Description Generation for Software Patches
Creators: name: Vu, Thanh Trong
name: Bui, Tuan-Dung
name: Do, Thanh-Dat
name: Nguyen, Thu-Trang
name: Vo, Hieu Dinh
name: Nguyen, Son
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Software patches are pivotal in refining and evolving codebases, addressing bugs, vulnerabilities, and optimizations. Patch descriptions provide detailed accounts of changes, aiding comprehension and collaboration among developers. However, manual description creation poses challenges in terms of time consumption and variations in quality and detail. In this paper, we propose PATCHEXPLAINER, an approach that addresses these challenges by framing patch description generation as a machine translation task. In PATCHEXPLAINER, we leverage explicit representations of critical elements, historical context, and syntactic conventions. Moreover, the translation model in PATCHEXPLAINER is designed with an awareness of description similarity. Particularly, the model is explicitly trained to recognize and incorporate similarities present in patch descriptions clustered into groups, improving its ability to generate accurate and consistent descriptions across similar patches. The dual objectives maximize similarity and accurately predict affiliating groups. Our experimental results on a large dataset of real-world software patches show that PATCHEXPLAINER consistently outperforms existing methods, with improvements up to 189% in BLEU, 5.7X in Exact Match rate, and 154% in Semantic Similarity, affirming its effectiveness in generating software patch descriptions.
description: Accepted for publication in Information and Software Technology
Renormalized one-loop theory of correlations in polymer blends
Creators: name: Qin, Jian
name: Morse, David C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The renormalized one-loop theory is a coarse-grained theory of corrections to the self-consistent field theory (SCFT) of polymer liquids, and to the random phase approximation (RPA) theory of composition fluctuations. We present predictions of corrections to the RPA for the structure function $S(k)$ and to the random walk model of single-chain statics in binary homopolymer blends. We consider an apparent interaction parameter $χ_{a}$ that is defined by applying the RPA to the small $k$ limit of $S(k)$. The predicted deviation of $χ_{a}$ from its long chain limit is proportional to $N^{-1/2}$, where $N$ is chain length. This deviation is positive (i.e., destabilizing) for weakly non-ideal mixtures, with $χ_{a} N \alt 1$, but negative (stabilizing) near the critical point. The positive correction to $χ_{a}$ for low values of $χ_{a} N$ is a result of the fact that monomers in mixtures of shorter chains are slightly less strongly shielded from intermolecular contacts. The depression in $χ_{a}$ near the critical point is a result of long-wavelength composition fluctuations. The one-loop theory predicts a shift in the critical temperature of ${\cal O}(N^{-1/2})$, which is much greater than the predicted ${\cal O}(N^{-1})$ width of the Ginzburg region. Chain dimensions deviate slightly from those of a random walk even in a one-component melt, and contract slightly with increasing $χ_{e}$. Predictions for $S(k)$ and single-chain properties are compared to published lattice Monte Carlo simulations.
description: submitted to J. Chem. Phys
Isospin symmetry breaking
Creators: name: Rusetsky, Akaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the separation of isospin-symmetric and isospin-breaking contributions in the hadronic observables within the framework of QCD plus QED. Further, we briefly review some recent work on the low-energy hadron phenomenology, in which the isospin-breaking effect plays a prominent role.
description: Plenary talk at Sixth International Workshop on Chiral Dynamics, 6-10 July 2009, Bern (Switzerland)