cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The structure and characteristic scales of molecular clouds
Creators: name: Dib, Sami
name: Bontemps, Sylvain
name: Schneider, Nicola
name: Elia, Davide
name: Ossenkopf-Okada, Volker
name: Shadmehri, Mohsen
name: Arzoumanian, Doris
name: Motte, Frederique
name: Heyer, Mark
name: Nordlund, Ake
name: Ladjelate, Bilal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of molecular clouds (MCs) holds important clues on the physical processes that lead to their formation and subsequent evolution. While it is well established that turbulence imprints a self-similar structure to the clouds, other processes, such as gravity and stellar feedback, can break their scale-free nature. The break of self-similarity can manifest itself in the existence of characteristic scales that stand out from the underlying structure generated by turbulent motions. We investigate the structure of the Cygnus-X North and the Polaris MCs which represent two extremes in terms of their star formation activity. We characterize the structure of the clouds using the delta-variance ($Δ$-variance) spectrum. In Polaris, the structure of the cloud is self-similar over more than one order of magnitude in spatial scales. In contrast, the $Δ$-variance spectrum of Cygnus-X exhibits an excess and a plateau on physical scales of ~0.5-1.2 pc. In order to explain the observations for Cygnus-X, we use synthetic maps in which we overlay populations of discrete structures on top of a fractal Brownian motion (fBm) image. The properties of these structures such as their major axis sizes, aspect ratios, and column density contrasts are randomly drawn from parameterized distribution functions. We show that it is possible to reproduce a $Δ$-variance spectrum that resembles the one of the Cygnus-X cloud. We also use a "reverse engineering" approach in which we extract the compact structures in the Cygnus-X cloud and re-inject them on an fBm map. The calculated $Δ$-variance using this approach deviates from the observations and is an indication that the range of characteristic scales observed in Cygnus-X is not only due to the existence of compact sources, but is a signature of the whole population of structures, including more extended and elongated structures
description: Accepted to A&A. Version after language and other minor corrections
Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Pakistan
Creators: name: Dorosh, Paul A.
name: Salam, Abdul
name: Dorosh, Paul A.
name: Salam, Abdul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Distorted incentives
subject: agricultural and trade policy reforms
subject: national agricultural development

description: -
Does the shape of the shadow of a black hole depend on motional status of an observer?
Creators: name: Chang, Zhe
name: Zhu, Qing-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent work on rotating black hole shadows [Phys. Rev. D{\bf 101}, 084029 (2020)], we proposed a new approach for calculating size and shape of the shadows in terms of astrometrical observables with respect to finite-distance observers. In this paper, we introduce a distortion parameter for the shadow shapes and discuss the appearance of the shadows of static spherical black holes and Kerr black holes in a uniform framework. We show that the shape of the shadow of a spherical black hole is circular in the view of arbitrary observers, and the size of the shadows tends to be shrunk in the view of a moving observer. The diameter of the shadows is contracted even in the direction perpendicular to the observers' motion. This seems not to be understood as length contraction effect in special relativity. The shape of Kerr black holes is dependent on motional status of observers located at finite distance. In spite of this, it is found that there is not a surrounding observer who could view the shape of the Kerr black hole shadows as circularity. These results could be helpful for observation of the Sagittarius A* in the centre of the Milky Way, as our solar system is moving around the centre black hole.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures; v2: published in PRD
DPN -- Dependability Priority Numbers
Creators: name: Guo, Zhensheng
name: Zeller, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper proposes a novel model-based approach to combine the quantitative dependability (safety, reliability, availability, maintainability and IT security) analysis and trade-off analysis. The proposed approach is called DPN (Dependability Priority Numbers) and allows the comparison of different actual dependability characteristics of a systems with its target values and evaluates them regarding trade-off analysis criteria. Therefore, the target values of system dependability characteristics are taken as requirements, while the actual value of a specific system design are provided by quantitative and qualitative dependability analysis (FHA, FMEA, FMEDA, of CFT-based FTA). The DPN approach evaluates the fulfillment of individual target requirements and perform trade-offs between analysis objectives. We present the workflow and meta-model of the DPN approach, and illustrate our approach using a case study on a brake warning contact system. Hence, we demonstrate how the model-based DPNs improve system dependability by selecting the project crucial dependable design alternatives or measures.
Bagridae Bleeker 1858
Creators: name: Çiçek, Erdogan
name: Sungur, Sevil
name: Fricke, Ronald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Bagridae

description: Bagridae Bleeker 1858   Mystus pelusius (Solander, 1794) [N]―[LC], Tigris mystus/Mezopotamya kedi baligi/Euphrates and Tigris river basins (Kuru 2004; Geldiay & Balik 2007; Fricke et al. 2007; Kuru et al. 2014; Çiçek et al. 2015).
description: Published as part of Çiçek, Erdogan, Sungur, Sevil & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, Freshwater lampreys and fishes of Turkey; a revised and updated annotated checklist 2020, pp. 241-270 in Zootaxa 4809 (2) on page 254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4809.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3934124
Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in India
Creators: name: Pursell, Garry
name: Gulati, Ashok
name: Gupta, Kanupriya
name: Pursell, Garry
name: Gulati, Ashok
name: Gupta, Kanupriya
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Distorted incentives
subject: agricultural and trade policy reforms
subject: national agricultural development

description: -
No-hair theorems for non-canonical self-gravitating static multiple scalar fields
Creators: name: Doneva, Daniela
name: Yazadjiev, Stoytcho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove under certain assumptions no-hair theorems for non-canonical self-gravitating static multiple scalar fields in spherically symmetric spacetimes. It is shown that the only static, spherically symmetric and asymptotically flat black hole solutions consist of the Schwarzschild metric and a constant multi-scalar map. We also prove that there are no static, horizonless, asymptotically flat, spherically symmetric solutions with static scalar fields and a regular center. The last theorem shows that the static, asymptotically flat, spherically symmetric reflecting compact objects with Neumann boundary conditions can not support a non-trivial self-gravitating non-canonical (and canonical) multi-scalar map in their exterior spacetime regions. In order to prove the no-hair theorems we derive a new divergence identity.
description: 7 pages
Excitation spectrum of two correlated electrons in a lateral quantum dot with negligible Zeeman splitting
Creators: name: Ellenberger, C.
name: Ihn, T.
name: Yannouleas, C.
name: Landman, U.
name: Ensslin, K.
name: Driscoll, D.
name: Gossard, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The excitation spectrum of a two-electron quantum dot is investigated by tunneling spectroscopy in conjuction with theoretical calculations. The dot made from a material with negligible Zeeman splitting has a moderate spatial anisotropy leading to a splitting of the two lowest triplet states at zero magnetic field. In addition to the well-known triplet excitation at zero magnetic field, two additional excited states are found at finite magnetic field. The lower one is identified as the second excited singlet state on the basis of an avoided crossing with the first excited singlet state at finite fields. The measured spectra are in remarkable agreement with exact diagonalization calculations. The results prove the significance of electron correlations and suggest the formation of a state with Wigner-molecular properties at low magnetic fields.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
What's Driving Food Prices? March 2009 Update
Creators: name: Abbott, Philip C.
name: Hurt, Christopher
name: Tyner, Wallace E.
name: Abbott, Philip C.
name: Hurt, Christopher
name: Tyner, Wallace E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: In the spring and early summer of 2008, the temperature of the rhetoric in the food-versus-fuel debate was skyrocketing right along with the prices of corn, soybeans and crude oil. Farm Foundation is not about heat or fueling fires. Our mission is to be a catalyst for sound public policy by providing objective information to foster deeper understanding of the complex issues before the food system today. We commissioned Purdue University economists Wallace Tyner, Philip Abbott and Christopher Hurt to provide a comprehensive, objective assessment of the forces driving food prices. Released in July 2008, What’s Driving Food Prices? identified three major drivers of prices—depreciation of the U.S. dollar, changes in production and consumption, and growth in biofuels production. The three economists also reviewed more than two dozen reports and studies in the academic and popular press about commodity prices, biofuels and food prices, summarizing them in light of their own examination of the facts. Today, just eight months later, the landscape is remarkably different. The 2008/2009 crop production was higher than forecast, quieting talk of inadequate supplies. Significant declines have occurred in crude oil, grain and oilseed crop prices. Biofuel production has slowed. The value of the U.S. dollar has appreciated. A global financial crisis and recession now dominate the news. Given this remarkable reversal of conditions, we asked Tyner, Abbott and Hurt to reexamine the drivers of food prices. Their analysis indicates that now, as eight months ago, the answers are not simple. While the level of food prices has dropped, the forces driving those prices remain the same today as in July 2008, as does the need to understand how those forces work and interact. As did the July 2008 report, this update reinforces the fact that food prices are influenced by diverse and multiple factors generated by complex global economic issues. It is the intent of Farm Foundation that the objective information provided in this report will help public and private leaders better understand the functions of these driving forces as they make business and public policy decisions for the future.
Waveguide bandgap N-qubit array with a tunable transparency resonance
Creators: name: Greenberg, Ya. S.
name: Shtygashev, A. A.
name: Moiseev, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a single photon transmission through 1D N- qubit chain. The qubits are supposed to be identical with equal distance between neighbors. We express the transfer matrix of N- qubit chain in terms of Chebyshev polynomials, which allows us to obtain simple expressions for the transmission and reflection amplitudes for arbitrarily large N. If the distance between neighbor qubits is equal to half wavelength, the transmission spectrum exhibits a flat bandgap structure with very steep walls. We show that for odd N the tuning of the excitation frequency of a central qubit gives rise to the appearance within a bandgap of a narrow resonance with a full transmission. The position of the resonance and its width can be controlled by the frequency of a central qubit. We show that the formation of the bandgap and of the transmission resonance is conditioned by the overlapping the widths of individual qubits which results from the strong coupling between qubits and waveguide photons.
description: Two figures and several new references have been added
Determining the Critical Condition for Flow Transition in a Full-Developed Annulus Flow
Creators: name: Dou, Hua-Shu
name: Khoo, Boo Cheong
name: Tsai, Her Mann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Axial flow in an annulus between two concentric cylinders is commonly seen in various flow devices used in chemical processing industries and petroleum science and engineering. The flow state in the annulus strongly influences the performance of fluid transportation in the devices. Therefore, the determination of flow state which is laminar flow or turbulent flow is an important task to predict the performance of the flow devices. In previous works, we have proposed an energy gradient method for studying the flow instability and turbulent transition. In this method, it is shown that the flow instability and turbulent transition in wall bounded shear flows depend on the relative magnitude of the gradient of the total mechanical energy in transverse direction and the rate of loss of the total mechanical energy along the streamwise direction for a given imposed disturbance. For pipe and plane Poiseuille flows, it has been demonstrated that the transition to turbulence for these wall bounded parallel flows occurs at a consistent value of the energy gradient parameter (Kmax). In present study, the critical condition for turbulent transition in annulus flow is calculated with the energy gradient method for various radius ratios. The critical flow rate and critical Reynolds number are given for various radius ratios. Then, the analytical results are compared with the experiments in the literature. Finally, the implication of the result is discussed in terms of the drag reduction and mixing as well as heat transfer in practical industrial applications of various fluid delivery devices.
description: 20 gapes; 4 figures (2010, in press)
The hazard from fragmenting comets
Creators: name: Napier, W. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comet disintegration proceeds both through sublimation and discrete splitting events. The cross-sectional area of material ejected by a comet may, within days, become many times greater than that of the Earth, making encounters with such debris much more likely than collisions with the nucleus itself. The hierarchic fragmentation and sublimation of a large comet in a short period orbit may yield many hundreds of such short-lived clusters. We model this evolution with a view to assessing the probability of an encounter which might have significant terrestrial effects, through atmospheric dusting or multiple impacts. Such an encounter may have contributed to the large animal extinctions and sudden climatic cooling of 12,900 years ago, and the near-simultaneous collapse of civilisations around 2350 BC.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Appearance vs. health : subtitle does the reason for dieting affect dieting behaviour?
Creators: name: Putterman, Erin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dieting out of concern for one's health, as opposed to for appearance reasons, is associated with the same negative consequences normally associated with chronic dieting. Method: 110 student and 96 community women dieters completed self-report measures of various eating behaviours, psychological variables, and motivations behind their dieting. Results: The findings indicated that individuals who were motivated to change their appearance through dieting were younger than those dieting to improve their health. They were also more likely to use drastic dieting strategies, and to score higher on measures of disinhibited eating, or lapses in restraint. On the other hand, it was found that dieting driven by health concerns was associated with fewer negative sequelae. Discussion: These results suggest that not all dietary behaviour labelled as 'dieting' is equally harmful, and that the driving force behind the dieting is a more important factor to consider than dietary restriction per se.
Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Japan, Korea and Taiwan
Creators: name: Honma, Masayoshi
name: Hayami, Yujiro
name: Honma, Masayoshi
name: Hayami, Yujiro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Distorted incentives
subject: agricultural and trade policy reforms
subject: national agricultural development

description: -
Dynamical models linking BH masses and DM content
Creators: name: Buyle, Pieter
name: Dejonghe, Herwig
name: Baes, Maarten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relation between the dark matter distribution of galaxies and their central supermassive black holes which is suggested by the v_c-sigma relation. Since early-type galaxies appear to have larger black holes than late-type ones, we look for an equivalent pattern in the dark matter distribution as a function of Hubble type. To achieve our goal we use a state-of-the-art modelling code that allows a variety of geometries to be fitted to a combination of radio and optical observations of galaxies with different morphology.
description: 2 pages, 2 figures, contributed paper to Proceedings of the Conference "Growing Black Holes" held in Garching, Germany, June 21-25, 2004, edited by A. Merloni, S. Nayakshin and R. Sunyaev, Springer-Verlag series of "ESO Astrophysics Symposia"
A fast algorithm for the electromagnetic scattering from a large rectangular cavity in three dimensions
Creators: name: Chen, Yanli
name: Jiang, Xue
name: Lai, Jun
name: Li, Peijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 78A40, 78M25

description: The paper is concerned with the three-dimensional electromagnetic scattering from a large open rectangular cavity that is embedded in a perfectly electrically conducting infinite ground plane. By introducing a transparent boundary condition, the scattering problem is formulated into a boundary value problem in the bounded cavity. Based on the Fourier expansions of the electric field, the Maxwell equation is reduced to one-dimensional ordinary differential equations for the Fourier coefficients. A fast algorithm, employing the fast Fourier transform and the Gaussian elimination, is developed to solve the resulting linear system for the cavity which is filled with either a homogeneous or a layered medium. In addition, a novel scheme is designed to evaluate rapidly and accurately the Fourier transform of singular integrals. Numerical experiments are presented for large cavities to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method.
Current Driven Magnetization Reversal in Orbital Chern Insulators
Creators: name: Huang, Chunli
name: Wei, Nemin
name: MacDonald, Allan H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene multilayers with flat moiré minibands can exhibit the quantized anomalous Hall effect due to the combined influence of spontaneous valley polarization and topologically non-trival valley-projected bands. The sign of the Hall effect in these Chern insulators can be reversed either by applying an external magnetic field, or by driving a transport current through the system. We propose a current-driven mechanism whereby reversal occurs along lines in the (current $I$, magnetic-field $B$) control parameter space with slope $dI/dB = (e/h)\, M A_{M} \, (1-γ^2)/γ$, where $M$ is the magnetization, $A_M$ is the moiré unit cell area, and $γ<1$ is the ratio of the chemical potential difference between valleys along a domain wall to the electrical bias $eV$.
description: 4 + epsilon pages
Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Egypt
Creators: name: Cassing, James
name: Nassar, Saad
name: Siam, Gamal
name: Moussa, Hoda
name: Cassing, James
name: Nassar, Saad
name: Siam, Gamal
name: Moussa, Hoda
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Distorted incentives
subject: agricultural and trade policy reforms
subject: national agricultural development

description: -
Glyptosterninae Gill 1861
Creators: name: Çiçek, Erdogan
name: Sungur, Sevil
name: Fricke, Ronald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Sisoridae

description: Glyptosterninae Gill 1861   Glyptothorax armeniacus (Berg, 1918) [N]―[NE], Armenian mountain cat/Igneli küçük yayin baligi/Euphrates and Tigris ba- sins (Kuru 2004; Geldiay & Balik 2007; Fricke et al. 2007; Kuru et al. 2014; Çiçek et al. 2015).
 Glyptothorax kurdistanicus (Berg, 1931) [N]―[DD], Iran cat/Vantuzlu yayin baligi/Euphrates and Tigris basins (Kuru 2004; Geldiay & Balik 2007; Fricke et al. 2007; Kuru et al. 2014; Çiçek et al. 2015).
description: Published as part of Çiçek, Erdogan, Sungur, Sevil & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, Freshwater lampreys and fishes of Turkey; a revised and updated annotated checklist 2020, pp. 241-270 in Zootaxa 4809 (2) on page 254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4809.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3934124
Clariidae Bonaparte 1845
Creators: name: Çiçek, Erdogan
name: Sungur, Sevil
name: Fricke, Ronald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Clariidae

description: Clariidae Bonaparte 1845   Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822 [N]―[LC], North African catfish/Karabalik, sekiz biyik/Southern Anatolia and translocated into some other parts of Anatolia, e.g. River and Pinarbasi Stream, Eskisehir (Geldiay & Balik 2007, Kuru 2004, Fricke et al. 2007; Kuru et al. 2014; Çiçek et al. 2015; Emiroglu et al. 2016).
description: Published as part of Çiçek, Erdogan, Sungur, Sevil & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, Freshwater lampreys and fishes of Turkey; a revised and updated annotated checklist 2020, pp. 241-270 in Zootaxa 4809 (2) on page 254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4809.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3934124
Dasar-dasar HTML
Creators: name: Sunaryo, Budi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Pemgroraman Web, HTML

description: Materi pemrograman web kali ini membahas tentang dasar-dasar HTML yaitu tag, attribute, value, content, format text, paragraph, list, menyisipkan gambar, fieldset dan legend, table, serta element form.
Supercritical String Cosmology drains the Swampland
Creators: name: Ellis, John
name: Mavromatos, Nick
name: Nanopoulos, Dimitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The First and Second Swampland Conjectures (FSC & SSC) are substantially modified in non-critical string cosmology, in which cosmic time is identified with the time-like Liouville mode of the supercritical string. In this scenario the Friedmann equation receives additional contributions due to the non-criticality of the string. These are potentially important when one seeks to apply the Bousso bound for the entropy of states that may become light as the dilaton takes on trans-Planckian values, as in a de Sitter phase, and restore consistency with the FSC and in at least some cases also the SSC. The weak gravity conjecture (WGC) for scalar potentials is saturated in the supercritical string scenarios discussed in this work, but only if one uses the dilaton as appears in the string effective action, with a kinetic term that is not canonically normalised. In the case of a non-critical Starobinsky potential, the WGC is satisfied by both the canonically-normalised dilaton and the dilaton used in the string effective action.
description: 30 pages, 1 figure, amended version with an extra subsection on Embedding the supercritical string cosmology into microscopic conformal field theory models; no effects on conclusions, version to be published in Physical Review D
Heteropneustidae Hora 1936
Creators: name: Çiçek, Erdogan
name: Sungur, Sevil
name: Fricke, Ronald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Heteropneustidae

description: Heteropneustidae Hora 1936   Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) [I]―[LC], Stinging catfish/-/ Tigris River (Ünlü et al. 2011; Çiçek et al. 2015).
description: Published as part of Çiçek, Erdogan, Sungur, Sevil & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, Freshwater lampreys and fishes of Turkey; a revised and updated annotated checklist 2020, pp. 241-270 in Zootaxa 4809 (2) on page 255, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4809.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3934124
Anexo - Sinergia entre Analítica del Aprendizaje y Diseños del Aprendizaje. Estudio de Mapeo Sistemático.
Creators: name: Panizzi, Marisa Daniela
name: Sattolo, Iris Inés
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Anexo - Sinergia entre Analítica del Aprendizaje y Diseños del Aprendizaje. Estudio de Mapeo Sistemático.
Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Ukraine
Creators: name: Von Cramon-Taubadel, Stephan
name: Nivievskyi, Oleg
name: Von Der Malsburg, Emanuel Elsner
name: Movchan, Veronika
name: Von Cramon-Taubadel, Stephan
name: Nivievskyi, Oleg
name: Von Der Malsburg, Emanuel Elsner
name: Movchan, Veronika
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Distorted incentives
subject: agricultural and trade policy reforms
subject: national agricultural development

description: -
Instability induced by exchange forces in a 2-D electron gas in a magnetic field with uniform gradient
Creators: name: Hoodbhoy, Pervez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exchange interaction is investigated theoretically for electrons confined to a 2-D sample placed in a linearly varying magnetic field perpendicular to the plane. Unusual and interesting behavior is predicted: starting from zero, as one adds electrons to the system, its size will increase continuously but will then collapse. However this collapse will be reversed as the number crosses another critical value, which we estimate here. For electron parameters typical for 2DEG's, the instability could be observable at sufficiently low electron densities. A Hartree Fock equation is derived and investigated. We also show that in an appropriate asymptotic limit an approximate local potential can be derived. One key lesson is that the exchange interaction is large and cannot be reasonably excluded from any valid theoretical investigation.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures. Revised for greater clarity
Logical analysis of the Bohr Complementarity Principle in Afshar's experiment under the NAFL interpretation
Creators: name: Srinivasan, Radhakrishnan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The NAFL (non-Aristotelian finitary logic) interpretation of quantum mechanics requires that no `physical' reality can be ascribed to the wave nature of the photon. The NAFL theory QM, formalizing quantum mechanics, treats the superposed state ($S$) of a single photon taking two or more different paths at the same time as a logical contradiction that is formally unprovable in QM. Nevertheless, in a nonclassical NAFL model for QM in which the law of noncontradiction fails, $S$ has a meaningful metamathematical interpretation that the classical path information for the photon is not available. It is argued that the existence of an interference pattern does not logically amount to a proof of the self-interference of a single photon. This fact, when coupled with the temporal nature of NAFL truth, implies the logical validity of the retroactive assertion of the path information (and the logical superfluousness of the grid) in Afshar's experiment. The Bohr complementarity principle, when properly interpreted with the time dependence of logical truth taken into account, holds in Afshar's experiment. NAFL supports, but not demands, a metalogical reality for the particle nature of the photon even when the semantics of QM requires the state $S$.
description: 28 pages, 1 figure. Ref. [7] updated. Typo corrected
The contribution of cationic antimicrobial peptides to the host immune response to bacterial infection
Creators: name: Scott, Monisha Gough
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Many species produce cationic antimicrobial peptides as components of their immune systems. To combat bacterial infections, the host immune response, or treatment regime, must aim to kill the invading pathogen and manage the inflammatory response to the bacteria and its released components. Certain cationic peptides, such as the human peptide, LL-37, can be produced in large quantities at sites of infection/inflammation and their expression can be further induced by bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-cc (TNF-α). The primary focus of this research was to further define the contribution of cationic peptides to the immune response to bacterial infection. A greater understanding of the biological characteristics of these molecules will help in evaluating their therapeutic potential. Both synthetic and natural peptides were studied here, most notably a hybrid peptide of cecropin and melittin (CEMA) and the human peptide, LL-37.1 found that the cationic peptides had multifaceted activities including the ability to bind to lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and LPS and in the case of LPS, to interfere with its ability to bind LPS binding protein (LBP). The peptides were also found to be effective in neutralizing the host response to bacterial components from both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. I found that CEMA selectively inhibited macrophage gene expression in response to LPS stimulation. CEMA and LL-37 treatment of murine macrophages resulted in the up-regulation of at least 35 genes and downregulation of at least 21 genes. Macrophage genes affected by the peptides included those involved in chemotaxis. These changes were then confirmed at the protein level in both in vitro and in vivo situations. For example, CEMA and LL-37 induced the production of chemokines and up-regulated the surface expression of chemokine receptors. When given intratracheally to mice, LL-37 increased levels of the chemokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) but not the pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α. Thus, this study indicated that synthetic as well as natural cationic peptides produced in response to bacterial infections could contribute to the immune response by limiting the damage caused by bacterial products and by recruiting immune cells to tissue sites harboring infectious agents.
Dust particle size, shape, and optical depth during the 2018/MY34 Martian Global Dust Storm retrieved by MSL Curiosity rover navigation cameras
Creators: name: Chen-Chen, Hao
name: Perez-Hoyos, Santiago
name: Sanchez-Lavega, Agustin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Martian planet-encircling dust storms or global dust storms (GDS), resulting from the combined influence of local and regional storms, are uncommon aperiodic phenomena: with an average frequency of approximately one every 3-4 MY, they produce a substantial rise in the atmospheric dust loading that lasts from weeks to months and have a significant impact on the atmospheric properties, energy budget, and global circulation. During the 2018/MY34 global dust storm, initiated at L_S = 185$^\circ$ (30-31 May 2018), an intensive atmospheric science campaign was carried out by the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover to monitor the environmental parameters at Gale Crater. We contribute to previous studies with independent retrievals to constrain the dust opacity and characterise the aerosol particle properties, including: size, shape and single scattering phase function. An iterative radiative transfer retrieval procedure was implemented to determine the aerosol parameters that best fit the angular distribution of sky radiance at forward and backward scattering regions observed by MSL Navigation Cameras (Navcams) during the 2018/MY34 GDS.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures
Esocidae Rafinesque 1815
Creators: name: Çiçek, Erdogan
name: Sungur, Sevil
name: Fricke, Ronald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Esociformes
Esocidae

description: Esocidae Rafinesque 1815   Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 [N]―[LC], Northern pike/Turna baligi/Black Sea and central Anatolian lakes and introduced to some reservoirs in Anatolia (Kuru 2004; Geldiay & Balik 2007; Fricke et al. 2007; Kuru et al. 2014; Çiçek et al. 2015).
description: Published as part of Çiçek, Erdogan, Sungur, Sevil & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, Freshwater lampreys and fishes of Turkey; a revised and updated annotated checklist 2020, pp. 241-270 in Zootaxa 4809 (2) on page 255, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4809.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3934124
On the Singularities of the Exponential Map in Infinite Dimensional Riemannian Manifolds
Creators: name: Biliotti, L.
name: Exel, R.
name: Piccione, P.
name: Tausk, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58B20

description: Using symplectic techniques and spectral analysis of smooth paths of self-adjoint operators, we characterize the set of conjugate instants along a geodesic in an infinite dimensional Riemannian Hilbert manifold.
description: LaTeX2e, amsart.cls, 18 pages, no figure
Light nuclei production in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7-80 GeV from UrQMD model
Creators: name: Deng, X. G.
name: Ma, Y. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light nuclei production in relativistic $^{197}$Au + $^{197}$Au collisions from 7.7 to 80 GeV is investigated within the Ultra-relativistic-Quantum-Molecular-Dynamics model (UrQMD) with a naive coalescence approach. The results of the production of light nuclei at midrapidity can essentially match up the experimental data and a slight enhancement of combined ratio of ${N_{p}N_{t}}/{N_{d}^{2}}$ where $N_p, N_d$ and $N_t$ represent respectively the yields of proton, deuteron and triton, which is sensitive to the neutron density fluctuations, occurs around 20 GeV. However, this enhanced ${N_{p}N_{t}}/{N_{d}^{2}}$ ratio should not be over-understood considering that the present UrQMD model is a cascade version without equation of state (EoS), i.e. there is an absence of critical end point mechanism. Furthermore, within different rapidity regions, the kinetic temperatures of different light nuclei are extracted by the Blast-wave model analysis and ratios among different light nuclei are also discussed.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Unified Performance Analysis of Hybrid FSO/RF System with Diversity Combining
Creators: name: Huang, Long
name: Liu, Siming
name: Dai, Pan
name: Li, Mi
name: Chang, Gee-Kung
name: Shi, Yuechun
name: Chen, Xiangfei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Hybrid free space optical (FSO)/radio frequency (RF) systems have been proved to be reliable links for high-data-rate wireless backhauls. In this paper, we present a unified performance analysis of the hybrid FSO/RF transmission system which transmits the identical data in both links and implements two popular diversity combining schemes, namely, selection combining (SC) and maximal ratio combining (MRC), in the receiver. Specially, for the FSO link, the Gamma-Gamma turbulence with pointing errors under heterodyne detection (HD) and intensity modulation/direction detection (IM/DD) is considered in our analysis while the general \k{appa}-μ shadowed fading which unifies popular RF fading models is employed for the analysis of the RF link. As a result, unified closed-form expressions of outage probabilities and average bit error rates for different modulation schemes are derived. Analytical and Monte Carlo simulation results are provided to characterize the performance of the hybrid FSO/RF link which is compared to the single FSO link and the single RF link. The agreement between the analytical and simulation results confirms the unification of various FSO channels and RF fading scenarios into a single closed-form expression.
Near-field radiative heat transfer between twisted nanoparticle gratings
Creators: name: Luo, Minggang
name: Zhao, Junming
name: Antezza, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the near-field radiative heat transfer between two twisted finite-size polar dielectric nanoparticle gratings. Differently from previous studies of the same configuration, we do not rely on any approximated effective medium theory to describe the gratings. By the full many-body radiative heat transfer theory we are able to investigate how the size, distance and relative orientation between the gratings influence the radiative heat flux. By changing the twisting angle $θ$, we show a significant oscillation of the thermal conductance $G(θ)$, due to the size effect for gratings of both square and circular shapes. The distance- and twisting-dependent coupling between the gratings accounts for a strong and characteristic modulation of radiative thermal conductance with implications for the energy management, sensing, and NEMS/MEMS devices.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Super-resolution Localization of Nitrogen Vacancy Centers in Diamond with Quantum Controlled Photoswitching
Creators: name: Wang, Pengfei
name: Huang, You
name: Guo, Maosen
name: Shen, Mengze
name: Yu, Pei
name: Wang, Mengqi
name: Wang, Ya
name: Duan, Chang-Kui
name: Shi, Fazhan
name: Du, Jiangfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the super-resolution localization of the nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond by a novel fluorescence photoswitching technique based on coherent quantum control. The photoswitching is realized by the quantum phase encoding based on pulsed magnetic field gradient. Then we perform super-resolution imaging and achieve a localizing accuracy better than 1.4 nm under a scanning confocal microscope. Finally, we show that the quantum phase encoding plays a dominant role on the resolution, and a resolution of 0.15 nm is achievable under our current experimental condition. This method can be applied in subnanometer scale addressing and control of qubits based on multiple coupled defect spins.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Occurrence of the Malabar Lark on Kulang Fort in Maharashtra, India
Creators: name: ROHAN BHAGAT
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 50202 Conservation and Biodiversity
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The article describes about occurrence of the Malabar Lark on Kulang Fort in Maharashtra, India
FORECAST EVALUATION FOR MULTIVARIATE TIME-SERIES MODELS: THE U.S. CATTLE MARKET
Creators: name: Park, Timothy A.
name: Park, Timothy A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: A set of rigorous diagnostic techniques is used to evaluate the forecasting performance of five multivariate time-series models for the U.S. cattle sector. The root-mean-squared-error criterion along with an evaluation of the rankings of forecast errors reveals that the Bayesian vector autoregression (BVAR) and the unrestricted VAR (UVAR) models generate forecasts which are superior to both a restricted VAR (RVAR) and a vector autoregressive moving-average (VARMA) model. Two methods for calculating a test evaluating the ability to forecast directional changes are implemented. The BVAR models and the UVAR model unambiguously outperform the VARMA model in the forecasting directional change
REGIONAL ADJUSTMENT RESPONSE IN THE U.S. DAIRY SECTOR TO CHANGES IN MILK SUPPORT PRICE
Creators: name: Weersink, Alfons
name: Howard, Wayne H.
name: Weersink, Alfons
name: Howard, Wayne H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Milk production supply response at the regional level for the U.S. dairy sector is estimated through the use of dynamic dual models. Adjustment rates and elasticity measures are presented, and then the estimated parameter coefficients are used to stimulate shifts in production resulting from price changes. A drop in milk price designed to realign market conditions is projected to be borne largely by the Corn Belt and, to a lesser extent, the western states.
ESTIMATION OF SOIL EROSION TIME PATHS: THE VALUE OF SOIL MOISTURE AND TOPSOIL DEPTH INFORMATION
Creators: name: Weisensel, Ward P.
name: Van Kooten, G. Cornelis
name: Weisensel, Ward P.
name: Van Kooten, G. Cornelis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Rates of soil erosion in the dryland cropping region of Saskatchewan are investigated under alternative cropping strategies. Chemical fallow is examined as an alternative to tillage fallow for moisture and soil conservation. Conclusions include: (a) flexible cropping increases net discounted returns and substantially reduced soil erosion compared to the predominant crop rotation; (b) chemical fallow is a viable alternative to tillage fallow but only when topsoil already has been eroded substantially; and (c) an increase in the discount rate is soil conserving, since it causes producers to plant more often rather than fallow.
Anexo - Sinergia entre Analítica del Aprendizaje y Diseños del Aprendizaje. Estudio de Mapeo Sistemático.
Creators: name: Panizzi, Marisa Daniela
name: Sattolo, Iris Inés
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Anexo - Sinergia entre Analítica del Aprendizaje y Diseños del Aprendizaje. Estudio de Mapeo Sistemático.
THE DEMAND FOR FLUID MILK PRODUCTS IN THE U.S.: A DEMAND SYSTEMS APPROACH
Creators: name: Gould, Brian W.
name: Cox, Thomas L.
name: Perali, Carlo Federico
name: Gould, Brian W.
name: Cox, Thomas L.
name: Perali, Carlo Federico
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Livestock Production/Industries

description: The demand for fluid milk products has changed dramatically in recent years not only in terms of lower levels consumed but also in terms of the composition of the products consumed. A time-series based demand system analysis of the market for lowfat and whole milk products is developed incorporating the effects of changes in prices and demographic characteristics. From the estimated model, the impacts of future changes in the demographic profile of the U.S. population on fluid milk demand are analyzed.
DYNAMIC REGIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE CALIFORNIA ALFALFA MARKET WITH GOVERNMENT POLICY IMPACTS
Creators: name: Konyar, Kazim
name: Knapp, Keith C.
name: Konyar, Kazim
name: Knapp, Keith C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries

description: Alfalfa's heavy reliance on irrigation water and its role as an alternate to program crops makes it susceptible to changes in government farm policies. This article presents a dynamic spatial equilibrium model of the California alfalfa market. The model is used to forecast alfalfa acreage, prices paid and received, and transportation flows for the short run and the long run under the base year conditions. The base year results then are compared to a situation of changing demand due to reductions in federal water subsidies and the implementation of a cotton acreage-reduction program.