cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Irreversibility and the arrow of time in a quenched quantum system
Creators: name: Batalhao, T. B.
name: Souza, A. M.
name: Sarthour, R. S.
name: Oliveira, I. S.
name: Paternostro, M.
name: Lutz, E.
name: Serra, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Irreversibility is one of the most intriguing concepts in physics. While microscopic physical laws are perfectly reversible, macroscopic average behavior has a preferred direction of time. According to the second law of thermodynamics, this arrow of time is associated with a positive mean entropy production. Using a nuclear magnetic resonance setup, we measure the nonequilibrium entropy produced in an isolated spin-1/2 system following fast quenches of an external magnetic field and experimentally demonstrate that it is equal to the entropic distance, expressed by the Kullback-Leibler divergence, between a microscopic process and its time-reverse. Our result addresses the concept of irreversibility from a microscopic quantum standpoint.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, RevTeX4-1; Accepted for publication Phys. Rev. Lett
Eppur si muove: Positional and kinematic correlations of satellite pairs in the low Z universe
Creators: name: Ibata, Rodrigo A.
name: Famaey, Benoit
name: Lewis, Geraint F.
name: Ibata, Neil G.
name: Martin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have recently shown (Ibata et al. 2014) that pairs of satellite galaxies located diametrically opposite each other around their host possess predominantly anti-correlated velocities. This is consistent with a scenario in which $\sim 50$% of satellite galaxies belong to kinematically-coherent rotating planar structures, similar to those detected around the giant galaxies of the Local Group. Here we extend this analysis, examining the incidence of satellites of giant galaxies drawn from an SDSS photometric redshift catalog. We find that there is a $\sim 17$% overabundance ($> 3 σ$ significance) of candidate satellites at positions diametrically opposite a spectroscopically confirmed satellite. We show that cosmological simulations do not possess this property when the contamination is included, and that there are in fact, after subtracting contamination, 2 to 3 times more satellites diametrically opposed to a spectroscopically confirmed satellite than at $90°$ from it. We also examine the correlation between the satellite pair positions and the orientation of the host galaxy major axis. We find that those satellite pairs with anti-correlated velocities have a strong preference ($\sim 3:1$) to align with the major axis of the host whereas those with correlated velocities display the opposite behavior. This correlation of the satellite alignments appears to be stronger than the well-documented preference of satellites to be located close to the major axis of their host. We finally show that repeating a similar analysis to Ibata et al. (2014) with same-side satellites is generally hard to interpret, but is not inconsistent with our previous results when strong quality-cuts are applied on the sample. All these unexpected correlations strongly suggest that a substantial fraction of satellite galaxies are causally-linked in their formation and evolution.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, ApJ accepted. This paper notably addresses all concerns raised in Cautun et al. (2014) http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1410.7778
Melanoma molecular subtypes: Unifying and paradoxical results
Creators: name: Thomas, N.E.
name: Begg, C.B.
name: Conway, K.
name: Berwick, M.
name: Kanetsky, P.A.
Publisher: name: Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2010

description: In this issue, Hacker and colleagues provide further evidence that molecular subtypes of malignant melanoma may develop along divergent pathways. The authors did not find an association between somatic BRAF-mutant melanoma and germline melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene status. We discuss this seeming paradox in light of previous studies demonstrating strong associations.
Butter catfish (Ompok ceylonensis).docx
Creators: name: Wijesinghe, W.A.D.M.
name: Madurasinghe, Ama
name: Hirimuthugoda, Nalini
name: Gamage, Kumudu R.
name: Mudalige, A.R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 70201 Animal Breeding
subject: FOS: Animal and dairy science
subject: 70204 Animal Nutrition
subject: 70401 Aquaculture
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: W.A.D.M. Wijesinghe1, S.P.A.K. Mdurasinghe1, N.Y. Hirimuthugoda1 , Kumudu R. Gamage2 and A.R. Mudalige3
 1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka 2 Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences & Technology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka 3Fresh Water Fish Genetic Development Center, National Aquaculture Development Authority, Dambulla, Sri Lanka.
 Abstract Butter catfish (Ompok ceylonensis) is an underutilized endangered species in Sri Lanka and has not yet been introduced to aquaculture industry due to insufficient research data on hatchery rearing. Hence, in the present study, an attempt is made to observe GnRh induced breeding and rearing of larvae with phytogenic food additives. Brooders were successfully bred at Dambulla Fish Breeding Center using GnRh at a rate of 0.25ml/kg for males and 0.5ml/kg for females. The larvae were fed three types of formulated diets T1 (Moringa oleifera added), T2 ( Alternanthera sessilis added) and T3 (control) at two-hour intervals throughout the day in replicate for three weeks. Specific growth rate, weight gain and survival rate were measured. Weight gain and specific growth rate (<0.05) were significantly increased in both feeds with added phytogenic additives. The highest survival rate was observed at T1 and the lowest at T2. In conclusion, it can be found that GnRh can be successfully used for butter catfish breeding and frequent feeding of compound feed with added Moringa and Alternanthera is advisable to improve growth as well as reduce cannibalism.
Liturgie im Wandel
Creators: name: Erharter, Helmut
name: Nausner, Helmut
name: Gabriel, Doris
name: Grabner-Haider, Anton
Publisher: name: Diakonia
Year: 1970

description: Diakonia, Bd. 30 Nr. 2 (1999): Diakonia, Band 30, Heft 2
Prostate cancer aggressiveness and financial toxicity among prostate cancer patients
Creators: name: Trapido, E.J.
name: Mohler, J.L.
name: Madhav, K.C.
name: Rozek, L.S.
name: Vohra, S.
name: Bensen, J.T.
name: Oral, E.
name: Peters, E.S.
name: Steck, S.E.
name: Song, L.
name: Khan, S.
name: Rung, A.L.
name: Fontham, E.T.H.
name: Farnan, L.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Year: 2023

description: Introduction: Financial toxicity (FT) is a growing concern among cancer survivors that adversely affects the quality of life and survival. Individuals diagnosed with aggressive cancers are often at a greater risk of experiencing FT. The objectives of this study were to estimate FT among prostate cancer (PCa) survivors after 10−15 years of diagnosis, assess the relationship between PCa aggressiveness at diagnosis and FT, and examine whether current cancer treatment status mediates the relationship between PCa aggressiveness and FT. Methods: PCa patients enrolled in the North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP) were recontacted for long-term follow-up. The prevalence of FT in the PCaP cohort was estimated. FT was estimated using the COmprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity, a validated measure of FT. The direct effect of PCa aggressiveness and an indirect effect through current cancer treatment on FT was examined using causal mediation analysis. Results: More than one-third of PCa patients reported experiencing FT. PCa aggressiveness was significantly independently associated with high FT; high aggressive PCa at diagnosis had more than twice the risk of experiencing FT than those with low or intermediate aggressive PCa (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.14−3.96). The proportion of the effect of PCa aggressiveness on FT, mediated by treatment status, was 10%, however, the adjusted odds ratio did not indicate significant evidence of mediation by treatment status (aOR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.95−1.20). Conclusions: Aggressive PCa was associated with high FT. Future studies should collect more information about the characteristics of men with high FT and identify additional risk factors of FT.
Characteristics and outcomes associated with anxiety and depression in a head and neck cancer survivorship cohort
Creators: name: Yarbrough, W.G.
name: Lenze, N.R.
name: Shuman, A.G.
name: Bensen, J.T.
Publisher: name: W.B. Saunders
Year: 2022

description: Purpose: To assess the prevalence and predictors of mental health disorders (MDHs) among head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) survivors, and the association with health-related quality of life (HRQOL), pain, and survival outcomes. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of HNSCC survivors surveyed at an outpatient oncology clinic from May 2012 through July 2016. Results: Among 198 HNSCC survivors, 21% reported a MHD. Female sex (OR 6.60, 95% CI 2.08 to 20.98; p = 0.001) and Medicare insurance status (OR 4.95, 95% CI 1.52 to 16.11; p = 0.008) were significant predictors of reporting a MHD in the fully adjusted model. Patients reporting a MHD reported significantly worse pain (p < 0001) and worse HRQOL on the PROMIS Physical (p < 0.001), PROMIS Mental (p < 0.001), and FACT-GP (p < 0.026) questionnaires. Diagnosis of a MHD was not correlated with 5-year OS (74% vs. 84%; p = 0.087). Conclusion: Initiatives for early identification and intervention of MHDs as part of survivorship initiatives may engender clinically meaningful outcomes in head and neck cancer.
A coarse-graining approach for dilepton production at SPS energies
Creators: name: Endres, Stephan
name: van Hees, Hendrik
name: Weil, Janus
name: Bleicher, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coarse-grained output from transport calculations is used to determine thermal dilepton emission rates by applying medium-modified spectral functions from thermal quantum field theoretical models. By averaging over an ensemble of events generated with the UrQMD transport model, we extract the local thermodynamic properties at each time step of the calculation. With an equation of state the temperature $T$ and chemical potential $μ_{\mathrm{B}}$ can be determined. The approach goes beyond simplified fireball models of the bulk-medium evolution by treating the full (3+1)-dimensional expansion of the system with realistic time and density profiles. For the calculation of thermal dilepton rates we use the in-medium spectral function of the $ρ$ meson developed by Rapp and Wambach and consider thermal QGP and multi-pion contributions as well. The approach is applied to the evaluation of dimuon production in In+In collisions at top SPS energy. Comparison to the experimental results of the NA60 experiment shows good agreement of this ansatz. We find that the experimentally observed low-mass dilepton excess in the mass region from 0.2 to 0.6 GeV can be explained by a broadening of the $ρ$ spectral function with a small mass shift. In contrast, the intermediate mass region ($M > 1.5$ GeV) is dominated by a contribution from the quark-gluon plasma. These findings agree with previous calculations with fireball parametrizations. This agreement in spite of differences in the reaction dynamics between both approaches indicates that the time-integrated dilepton spectra are not very sensitive to details of the space-time evolution of the collision.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
Configurational temperature in active matter. I. Lines of invariant physics in the phase diagram of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model
Creators: name: Saw, Shibu
name: Costigliola, Lorenzo
name: Dyre, Jeppe C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper shows that the configurational temperature of liquid-state theory, $\Tc$, defines an energy scale, which can be used for adjusting model parameters of active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particle (AOUP) models in order to achieve approximately invariant structure and dynamics upon a density change. The required parameter changes are calculated from the variation of a single configuration's $\Tc$ for a uniform scaling of all particle coordinates. The resulting equations are justified theoretically for models involving a potential-energy function with hidden scale invariance. The validity of the procedure is illustrated by computer simulations of the Kob-Andersen binary Lennard-Jones AOUP model, demonstrating lines of approximate reduced-unit invariance of the radial distribution function and time-dependent mean-square displacement.
description: Paper II is available at arXiv:2212.09041
The thermal conductivity of Earth's lower mantle
Creators: name: Tang, Xiaoli
name: Ntam, Moses C.
name: Dong, Jianjun
name: Rainey, Emma S. G.
name: Kavner, Abby
Publisher: name: American Geophysical Union
Year: 2014

description: We assess the thermal conductivity of the Earth’s lower mantle anchored on our first-principles calculations of lattice thermal conductivity of MgSiO3 perovskite. Our calculations agree with measurements of iron-free perovskite at ambient conditions and show a lower pressure dependence compared with other recent calculations. In addition, we show that the effect of iron on the lattice thermal conductivity of silicate perovskite is likely to be small at high temperatures. To provide an assessment of thermal conductivity throughout the lower mantle, we reevaluate existing high-pressure optical absorption data to constrain an upper bound radiative contribution to diffusive heat transfer and examine a composite model for combining thermal conductivity of oxide and perovskite phases in the lower mantle. We find that the overall thermal conductivity of the lower mantle is approximately constant between 2.5 and 3.5 W/m/K. These values imply that the mantle has a blanketing effect on heat flow across the core-mantle boundary.
MOESM1 of Birth preparedness as a precursor to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality among pregnant mothers in Medebay Zana District, Northern Ethiopia
Creators: name: Hailay Gebreyesus
name: Tesfay Berhe
name: Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Antenatal care services and awareness on obstetric danger signs among pregnant women in Medebay Zana district, July 2017.
VLT/UVES spectroscopy of V4332 Sagittarii in 2005: The best view on a decade-old stellar-merger remnant
Creators: name: Tylenda, R.
name: Górny, S. K.
name: Kamiński, T.
name: Schmidt, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: V4332 Sgr is a red transient (red nova) whose eruption was observed in 1994. The remnant of the eruption shows a unique optical spectrum: strong emission lines of atoms and molecules superimposed on an M-type stellar spectrum. The stellar-like remnant is presumably embedded in a disc-like dusty envelope seen almost face-on. The observed optical spectrum is assumed to result from interactions of the central-star radiation with dust and gas in the disc and outflows initiated in 1994. We reduced and measured a high-resolution (R = ~40 000) spectrum of V4332 Sgr obtained with VLT/UVES in April/May 2005. The spectrum comes from the ESO archives and is the best quality spectrum of the object ever obtained. We identified and measured over 200 emission features belonging to 11 elements and 6 molecules. The continuous, stellar-like component can be classified as ~M3. The interstellar reddening was estimated to be 0.35 < E(B-V) < 0.75. From radial velocities of interstellar absorption features in the NaI D lines, we estimated a lower limit of ~5.5 kpc to the distance of V4332 Sgr. The spectrum of V4332 Sgr considerably evolved between 2005 and 2009. The object significantly faded in the optical, which resulted from cooling of the main remnant by 300-350 K, corresponding to its spectral-type change from M3 to M5-6. The object increased in luminosity by ~50%, however, implying a significant expansion of its dimensions. Most of the emission features seen in 2005 significantly faded or even disappeared from the spectrum of V4332 Sgr in 2009. These resulted from fading of the optical central-star radiation and a decrease of the optical thickness of the cirumstellar matter. V4332 Sgr bears several resemblances to V1309 Sco, which erupted in 2008. This can indicate a similar nature of the eruptions of the two objects. The outburst resulted from merger of a contact binary in V1309 Sco.
description: A&A in press
Incubation Conditions Are More Important in Determining Early Thermoregulatory Ability than Posthatch Resource Conditions in a Precocial Bird
Creators: name: DuRant, S. E.
name: Hopkins, W. A.
name: Carter, A. W.
name: Stachowiak, C. M.
name: Hepp, G. R.
Publisher: name: University of Chicago Press
Year: 2013

description: Recent research in birds suggests that investing in incubation is one mechanism by which parents can enhance the phenotype of their offspring. Posthatch environmental conditions can also shape an individual’s phenotype, and it is thus possible for preand posthatch conditions to have interactive effects on an individual’s phenotype. In this study, we examined the individual and interactive effects of prehatch incubation temperature and posthatch food availability on growth, food consumption, and thermoregulatory ability in wood duck (Aix sponsa) ducklings. Eggs were incubated at one of three temperatures (35.0, 35.9, or 37.0C), and then ducklings were reared on an either ad lib. or time-restricted diet for 12 d after hatching. We found that food availability influenced duckling growth, with the slowest growth occurring in ducklings fed the restricted diet. Incubation temperature also interacted with food conditions to influence duckling growth: ducklings fed ad lib. from the lowest incubation temperature grew slower than ducklings fed ad lib. from the higher incubation temperatures. Most importantly, we found that the improvement in a duckling’s ability to maintain body temperature in the face of a thermal challenge was influenced by embryonic incubation temperature but not feeding conditions. Ducklings from the highest incubation temperature experienced the greatest improvement in thermoregulatory performance with age. Our findings suggest that the prehatch environment is more important than posthatch resource conditions in determining some physiological functions and underscores the important role that incubation temperature plays in determining offspring phenotype in birds.
Comparative study of physical fitness parameters among the Kho-Kho & Atyapatya players
Creators: name: Mr. Prashant Chandrakant Sawant
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Physical fitness, Kho-Kho, Kabaddi, Vertical-jump, Chin-up & Shuttle-run test.

description: Abstract: The present study was attempts to compare physical fitness parameters among inter collegiate male Kho-Kho and Atyapatya players. For this study, cooper's JCR motor fitness test was applied to Kho-Kho and Atyapatya players to compare their physical fitness performance. 20 Kabaddi & 20 Kho-Kho intercollegiate level players were selected for this research study. Analyzed data through to independent samples t-test was find out significance difference among Kho-Kho & Atyapatya players physical fitness. Result shown the vertical-jump performance of Kho-Kho players high compared to Atyapatya players, indicates that insignificant differences between Kho-Kho & Atyapatya players chin-ups test performance in that Atyapatya players performed better than Kho-Kho players and found that Kho-Kho players looked superior on shuttle-run test performance compare to Atyapatya players.
A generating function associated with the alternating elements in the positive part of $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_2)$
Creators: name: Ruan, Chenwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B37 (Primary) 05E14, 81R50 (Secondary)

description: The positive part $U_q^+$ of $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_2)$ admits an embedding into a $q$-shuffle algebra. This embedding was introduced by M. Rosso in 1995. In 2019, Terwilliger introduced the alternating elements $\{W_{-n}\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$, $\{W_{n+1}\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$, $\{G_{n+1}\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$, $\{\tilde{G}_{n+1}\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ in $U_q^+$ using the Rosso embedding. He showed that the alternating elements $\{W_{-n}\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$, $\{W_{n+1}\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$, $\{\tilde{G}_{n+1}\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ form a PBW basis for $U_q^+$, and he expressed $\{G_{n+1}\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ in this alternating PBW basis. In his calculation, Terwilliger used some elements $\{D_n\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ with the following property: the generating function $D(t)=\sum_{n \in \mathbb{N}}D_nt^n$ is the multiplicative inverse of the generating function $\tilde{G}(t)=\sum_{n \in \mathbb{N}}\tilde{G}_nt^n$ where $\tilde{G}_0=1$. Terwilliger defined $\{D_n\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ recursively; in this paper, we will express $\{D_n\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ in closed form.
description: 16 pages; minor changes in abstract and introduction; added two propositions in section 3; minor adjustment on bibliography; fixed a typo
Expansion of the Range of the Introduced Greenhouse Frog, Eleutherodactylus planirostris, in Coastal Alabama
Creators: name: Alix, Diane M.
name: Guyer, Craig
name: Anderson, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: Eagle Hill Institute
Year: 2014

description: Eleutherodactylus planirostris (Greenhouse Frog), originally from Cuba, the Bahamas, and the Florida Keys, has been introduced to mainland Florida and has spread across the southeastern US. We used automated recording devices to determine the distribution and activity patterns of Greenhouse Frogs at 15 headwater-slope wetlands in Baldwin County, AL, during 2011 and 2012. We detected this species at 5 widely distributed wetlands confirming that the Greenhouse Frog has spread since its initial introduction to Alabama.
Neighborhood deprivation and risk of mortality among men with prostate cancer: Findings from a long-term follow-up study
Creators: name: Rung, A.L.
name: Trapido, E.J.
name: Madhav, K.C.
name: Bensen, J.T.
name: Oral, E.
name: Farnan, L.
name: Peters, E.S.
name: Mohler, J.L.
name: Rozek, L.S.
name: Fontham, E.T.H.
name: Steck, S.E.
name: Song, L.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Year: 2022

description: Background: The overall survival rate of prostate cancer (PCa) has improved over the past decades. However, huge socioeconomic and racial disparities in overall and prostate cancer-specific mortality exist. The neighborhood-level factors including socioeconomic disadvantage and lack of access to care may contribute to disparities in cancer mortality. This study examines the impact of neighborhood deprivation on mortality among PCa survivors. Methods: North Carolina–Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP) data were used. A total of 2113 men, 1046 AA and 1067 EA, with PCa were included in the analysis. Neighborhood deprivation was measured by the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) at the census block group level using data from the US Census Bureau. Quintiles of ADI were created. Cox proportional hazards and competing risk models with mixed effects were performed to estimate the effect of neighborhood deprivation on all-cause and PCa-specific mortality adjusted for age, race, study site, insurance status, and comorbidities. Results: Participants living in the most deprived neighborhoods had an increased risk for all-cause mortality (quintiles 4 + 5: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16–1.96) compared to those in the least deprived (quintile 1) neighborhoods. The risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality was also higher among those living in the deprived neighborhoods (quintiles 4 + 5: aHR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.10–3.50) than those in the least deprived neighborhood. Conclusions: The findings suggest neighborhood-level resources or health interventions are essential to improve survival among men with PCa. Additional research should focus on the mechanisms of how the neighborhood environment affects mortality.
A weak-type expression of the Orlicz modular
Creators: name: Křepela, Martin
name: Mihula, Zdeněk
name: Soria, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An equivalent expression of Orlicz modulars in terms of measure of level sets of difference quotients is established. The result in a sense complements the famous Maz'ya-Shaposhnikova formula for the fractional Gagliardo-Slobodeckij seminorm and its recent extension to the setting of Orlicz functions.
Long-Term Decrease in Coloration: A Consequence of Climate Change?
Creators: name: López-Idiáquez, David
name: Teplitsky, Céline
name: Grégoire, Arnaud
name: Fargevieille, Amélie
name: Del Rey, María
name: De Franceschi, Christophe
name: Charmantier, Anne
name: Doutrelant, Claire
Publisher: name: University of Chicago Press
Year: 2022
Subjects: ornaments
heritability
predicted breeding values
phenotypic plasticity
blue tit
global warming

description: Climate change has been shown to affect fitness-related traits in a wide range of taxa; for instance, warming leads to phenological advancements in many plant and animal species. The influence of climate change on social and secondary sexual traits, which are associated with fitness because of their role as quality signals, is, however, unknown. Here, we use more than 5,800 observations collected on two Mediterranean blue tit subspecies (Cyanistes caeruleus caeruleus and Cyanistes caeruleus ogliastrae) to explore whether blue crown and yellow breast patch colorations have changed over the past 15 years. Our data suggest that coloration has become duller and less chromatic in both sexes. In addition, in the Corsican C.c. ogliastrae, but not in the mainland C.c. caeruleus, the decrease is associated with an increase in temperature at molt. Quantitative genetic analyses do not reveal any microevolutionary change in the color traits over the study period, strongly suggesting that the observed change over time was caused by a plastic response to the environmental conditions. Overall, this study suggests that ornamental colorations could become less conspicuous because of warming, revealing climate change effects on sexual and social ornaments and calling for further research on the proximate mechanisms behind these effects.
Gamma-rays from Type Ia supernova SN2014J
Creators: name: Churazov, E.
name: Sunyaev, R.
name: Isern, J.
name: Bikmaev, I.
name: Bravo, E.
name: Chugai, N.
name: Grebenev, S.
name: Jean, P.
name: Knödlseder, J.
name: Lebrun, F.
name: Kuulkers, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The whole set of INTEGRAL observations of type Ia supernova SN2014J, covering the period 19-162 days after the explosion has being analyzed. For spectral fitting the data are split into "early" and "late" periods covering days 19-35 and 50-162, respectively, optimized for $^{56}$Ni and $^{56}$Co lines. As expected for the early period much of the gamma-ray signal is confined to energies below $\sim$200 keV, while for the late period it is most strong above 400 keV. In particular, in the late period $^{56}$Co lines at 847 and 1248 keV are detected at 4.7 and 4.3 $σ$ respectively. The lightcurves in several representative energy bands are calculated for the entire period. The resulting spectra and lightcurves are compared with a subset of models. We confirm our previous finding that the gamma-ray data are broadly consistent with the expectations for canonical 1D models, such as delayed detonation or deflagration models for a near-Chandrasekhar mass WD. Late optical spectra (day 136 after the explosion) show rather symmetric Co and Fe lines profiles, suggesting that unless the viewing angle is special, the distribution of radioactive elements is symmetric in the ejecta.
description: 21 pages, 16 figures, accepted by ApJ
Additional file 3 of NEMO/NF-κB signaling functions as a double-edged sword in PanIN formation versus progression to pancreatic cancer
Creators: name: Tsesmelis, Miltiadis
name: Büttner, Ulrike F. G.
name: Gerstenlauer, Melanie
name: Manfras, Uta
name: Tsesmelis, Konstantinos
name: Du, Ziwei
name: Sperb, Nadine
name: Weissinger, Stephanie Ellen
name: Möller, Peter
name: Barth, Thomas F. E.
name: Maier, Harald J.
name: Chan, Lap Kwan
name: Wirth, Thomas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 3.
Natal Kicks on Compact Objects: Insights from Gaia's Precision Astrometry
Creators: name: Zhao, Yue
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The death of massive stars can impart an impulse to the remnant black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs) during supernova explosions. This impulse, also known as a natal kick (NK), can propel the compact objects to substantial space velocities. Understanding the motions perturbed by NKs not only sheds light on the underlying supernova physics but also plays a crucial role in the evolution of compact object binary which are potential gravitational wave sources. This presentation will focus on our recent investigation on systemic peculiar velocities (v_pec) in an extended sample of binaries hosting NSs or BHs. Our analysis finds no clear difference in v_pec distributions between binaries hosting BHs and NSs. However, it uncovers a significant difference between binaries hosting low-mass (LM) and high-mass (HM) non-degenerate companions. HM binaries are constrained to v_pec lower than 100 km/s while LM binaries exhibit a more extensive distribution, reaching about 400 km/s. We further found a significant anti-correlation of v_pec with binary mass, which is consistent with our expectation that heavier binaries are more resistant to acceleration by NKs. This presentation will also present a related discussion based on an already-developed kinematic framework.
Reproductive Value and the Stochastic Demography of Age-Structured Populations
Creators: name: Engen, Steinar
name: Lande, Russell
name: Sæther, Bernt‐Erik
name: Dobson, Stephen
Publisher: name: University of Chicago Press
Year: 2009
Subjects: individual reproductive value
age structure
demographicstochasticity
environmental stochasticity
reproductive value
age-dependent stochastic demography

description: The dynamics of an age-structured population in a fluctuating environment is determined by the stochastic individual contributions from annual survival and fecundity to the total reproductive value of the population the next year. All parameters required to describe the population dynamics are simple properties of the distribution of these individual demographic contributions, which we call individual reproductive value. The asymptotic population growth rate in the average environment and the demographic and environmental variances are respectively the mean individual reproductive value over individuals through time and the variance within and between years. Our approach leads to an intuitive understanding of demographic and environmental variances in age-structured populations and their decomposition into additive age-specific components due to survival and reproduction. We show how to apply this approach to estimate the demographic and environmental variances and their components. The estimates are based on yearly random samples of individual vital rates and require no information about the total population size.
EIC Simulation Infrastructure (LDRD Proposal)
Creators: name: Kauder, Kolja
name: Potekhin, Maxim
name: Wenaus, Torre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: ldrd
eic
software
simulation
python

description: EIC Simulation Infrastructure - a LDRD Proposal submitted to BNL leadership, in summer 2023.
Are we underestimating the genetic variances of dimorphic traits?
Creators: name: Wolak, Mathew E.
name: Roff, Derek A.
name: Fairbairn, Daphne J.
Publisher: name: WILEY-BLACKWELL
Year: 2015
Subjects: Animal model
between-sex genetic correlation
offspring-parent covariance
sexual dimorphism
sire and dam variances
QUANTITATIVE GENETICS
HERITABILIT
EVOLUTION
Weight

description: Populations often contain discrete classes or morphs (e.g., sexual dimorphisms, wing dimorphisms, trophic dimorphisms) characterized by distinct patterns of trait expression. In quantitative genetic analyses, the different morphs can be considered as different environments within which traits are expressed. Genetic variances and covariances can then be estimated independently for each morph or in a combined analysis. In the latter case, morphs can be considered as separate environments in a bivariate analysis or entered as fixed effects in a univariate analysis. Although a common approach, we demonstrate that the latter produces downwardly biased estimates of additive genetic variance and heritability unless the quantitative genetic architecture of the traits concerned is perfectly correlated between the morphs. This result is derived for four widely used quantitative genetic variance partitioning methods. Given that theory predicts the evolution of genotype-by-environment (morph) interactions as a consequence of selection favoring different trait combinations in each morph, we argue that perfect correlations between the genetic architectures of the different morphs are unlikely. A sampling of the recent literature indicates that the majority of researchers studying traits expressed in different morphs recognize this and do estimate morph-specific quantitative genetic architecture. However, ca. 16% of the studies in our sample utilized only univariate, fixed-effects models. We caution against this approach and recommend that it be used only if supported by evidence that the genetic architectures of the different morphs do not differ.
The spin rate of pre-collapse stellar cores: wave-driven angular momentum transport in massive stars
Creators: name: Fuller, Jim
name: Cantiello, Matteo
name: Lecoanet, Daniel
name: Quataert, Eliot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The core rotation rates of massive stars have a substantial impact on the nature of core-collapse supernovae and their compact remnants. We demonstrate that internal gravity waves (IGW), excited via envelope convection during a red supergiant phase or during vigorous late time burning phases, can have a significant impact on the rotation rate of the pre-SN core. In typical ($10 \, M_\odot \lesssim M \lesssim 20 \, M_\odot$) supernova progenitors, IGW may substantially spin down the core, leading to iron core rotation periods $P_{\rm min,Fe} \gtrsim 30 \, {\rm s}$. Angular momentum (AM) conservation during the supernova would entail minimum NS rotation periods of $P_{\rm min,NS} \gtrsim 3 \, {\rm ms}$. In most cases, the combined effects of magnetic torques and IGW AM transport likely lead to substantially longer rotation periods. However, the stochastic influx of AM delivered by IGW during shell burning phases inevitably spin up a slowly rotating stellar core, leading to a maximum possible core rotation period. We estimate maximum iron core rotation periods of $P_{\rm max,Fe} \lesssim 5 \times 10^3 \, {\rm s}$ in typical core-collapse supernova progenitors, and a corresponding spin period of $P_{\rm max, NS} \lesssim 500 \, {\rm ms}$ for newborn neutron stars. This is comparable to the typical birth spin periods of most radio pulsars. Stochastic spin-up via IGW during shell O/Si burning may thus determine the initial rotation rate of most neutron stars. For a given progenitor, this theory predicts a Maxwellian distribution in pre-collapse core rotation frequency that is uncorrelated with the spin of the overlying envelope.
description: Published in ApJ
A leptoquark and vector-like quark extended model for the simultaneous explanation of the $W$ boson mass and muon $g-2$ anomalies
Creators: name: He, Shi-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CDF collaboration recently announced a new measurement result of the $W$ boson mass, and it is in tension with the standard model (SM) prediction. In this paper, we explain this anomaly in the vector-like quark (VLQ) $(X,T,B)_{L,R}$ and leptoquark (LQ) $S_3$ extended model. In this model, both the VLQ and LQ have positive corrections to the $W$ boson mass. Moreover, it can also be a solution to the $(g-2)_μ$ anomaly because of the chiral enhancements from top, $T$, and $B$ quarks.
description: 26 pages, 4 captioned figures. Add the $U$ parameter contributions. Consider the constraints from electroweak precision observables. Typos corrected. References updated. Presentation improved. Match the published version in Chinese Physics C
Bioinformatics analysis of microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3A) and (BECN1) genes in autophagy.
Creators: name: Mirzaei, Alireza
name: Fazeli, Farzaneh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Bioinformatics and computational biology not elsewhere classified
Plant cell and molecular biology
Animal cell and molecular biology
Genetics not elsewhere classified
Gene expression (incl. microarray and other genome-wide approaches)
Agronomy

description: Autophagy is an effective regulatory process for eliminating tumors and worn-out intracellular components. Different groups of enzymes and regulatory elements are involved in the autophagy process. MAP1LC3A and BECN1 genes are the most important gene groups in autophagy. These genes, through the production of beclin-1 and lc3 proteins, are involved in the production of autophagosomes. In general, both MAP1LC3A and BECN1 genes are active in cellular responses and the biological process. The aim of this study was bioinformatics analysis at the level of genome and proteome and to evaluate and compare the expression of MAP1LC3A and BECN1 genes in different human body tissues. The results of this study showed that the expression level of the BECN1 gene was relatively higher than the MAP1LC3A gene in different mammals. Cell analysis of MAP1LC3A and BECN1 genes by antibodies that bind to proteins of target genes showed that the protein encoded by the BECN1 gene is more present in the cytosol and the proteins encoded by MAP1LC3A gene are locally present in vesicles. It was also found that the protein encoded by the MAP1LC3A gene had a higher expression in brain tissues than in other tissues, while the beclin-1 protein in cardiac tissue showed higher expression than in other tissues. Finally, by using this information, it is possible to provide the ground for targeted therapies.
СКРИНИНГ ПРИВЕРЖЕННОСТИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ ПРИ ЛЕЧЕНИИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ НЕИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ
Creators: name: Ходжива, Г.С.
name: Джумаев, А.А.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: На сегодняшний день, проблема хронических неинфекционных заболеваний (ХНЗ) в современном обществе сохраняет социальную и медицинскую актуальность в связи со значительной распространенностью, высоким уровнем инвалидизации и смертности. Изученные данные многолетних исследований свидетельствуют о недостаточной вторичной профилактике ХНЗ как на популяционном уровне, так и среди лиц с высоким риском ее развития. Среди причин такой ситуации особое место отводится недостаточной приверженности пациентов к медикаментозной и немедикаментозной терапии. Изучение отношения пациентов к назначенной терапии и степени ее соблюдения является достаточно новым направлением научных исследований. Развитие данного направления обусловлено большой ролью парадигмы взаимодействия врача и пациента, переходом с патерналистской модели к партнерским отношениям и осознанием пациентом собственной активной роли в терапии.
Smoothing 3-dimensional polyhedral spaces
Creators: name: Lebedeva, Nina
name: Matveev, Vladimir
name: Petrunin, Anton
name: Shevchishin, Vsevolod
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C20, 53C21, 53C44

description: We show that 3-dimensional polyhedral manifolds with nonnegative curvature in the sense of Alexandrov can be approximated by nonnegatively curved 3-dimensional Riemannian manifolds.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Additional file 2: of Effectiveness of the implementation project â  Donâ  t forget the mouth!â   of community dwelling older people with dementia: a prospective longitudinal single-blind multicentre study protocol (DFTM!)
Creators: name: Ho, Bach
name: Weijenberg, Roxane
name: Maarel-Wierink, Claar
name: Visscher, Corine
name: Gert-Jan Putten
name: Scherder, Erik
name: Lobbezoo, Frank
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Model information and consent form of the participants, informal caregivers, and health care professionals. (PDF 812 kb)
The Effective Theory of Gravity and Dynamical Vacuum Energy
Creators: name: Mottola, Emil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravity and general relativity are considered as an Effective Field Theory at low energies and macroscopic distances. The effective action of the conformal anomaly of light or massless quantum fields has significant effects on macroscopic scales, due to associated light cone singularities that are not captured by an expansion in local curvature invariants. A compact local form for the WZ effective action of the conformal anomaly and stress tensor is given, requiring the introduction of a new light scalar field, which it is argued should be included in the low energy effective action for gravity. The scalar conformalon couples to the conformal part of the spacetime metric and allows the effective value of the vacuum energy, described as a condensate of a 4-form abelian gauge field strength F=dA, to change in space and time. This is achieved by the identification of the torsion dependent part of the Chern-Simons 3-form of the Euler class with the gauge potential A, which enters the effective action of the conformal anomaly as a J.A interaction analogous to electromagnetism. The conserved 3-current J describes the worldtube of 2-surfaces that separate regions of differing vacuum energy. The resulting EFT thus replaces the fixed constant Lambda of classical gravity, and its apparently unnaturally large sensitivity to UV physics, with a dynamical condensate whose ground state value in empty flat space is Lambda = 0 identically. By allowing Lambda to vary rapidly near the 2-surface of a black hole horizon, the proposed EFT of dynamical vacuum energy provides an effective Lagrangian for gravitational condensate stars, as the final state of complete gravitational collapse consistent with quantum theory. The possible consequences of dynamical vacuum dark energy for cosmology, the cosmic coincidence problem, and the role of conformal invariance for other fine tuning issues in the SM are discussed.
description: 41 pages, Revised Version published in JHEP 2022, 37 (2022). Previous Sec. 2 expanded to Secs. 2-3. The role of the torsional part of the Chern-Simons 3-form and source current for the 4-form field strength clarified in Secs. 5-7. Previous Sec. 5 moved to Appendix B and modified to discuss torsional susceptibility kappa. Previous Sec. 6 eliminated as unnecessary. Conclusions are unchanged
Severe mammal declines coincide with proliferation of invasive Burmese pythons in Everglades National Park
Creators: name: Dorcas, Michael E.
name: Wilson, John D
name: Reed, Robert N.
name: Snow, Ray W.
name: Rochford, Michael R.
name: Miller, Melissa A.
name: Meshaka, Walter E.
name: Andreadis, Paul T.
name: Mazzotti, Frank J.
Publisher: name: National Academy of Sciences
Year: 2012

description: Invasive species represent a significant threat to global biodiversity and a substantial economic burden. Burmese pythons, giant constricting snakes native to Asia, now are found throughout much of southern Florida, including all of Everglades National Park (ENP). Pythons have increased dramatically in both abundance and geographic range since 2000 and consume a wide variety of mammals and birds. Here we report severe apparent declines in mammal populations that coincide temporally and spatially with the proliferation of pythons in ENP. Before 2000, mammals were encountered frequently during nocturnal road surveys within ENP. In contrast, road surveys totaling 56,971 km from 2003–2011 documented a 99.3% decrease in the frequency of raccoon observations, decreases of 98.9% and 87.5% for opossum and bobcat observations, respectively, and failed to detect rabbits. Road surveys also revealed that these species are more common in areas where pythons have been discovered only recently and are most abundant outside the python's current introduced range. These findings suggest that predation by pythons has resulted in dramatic declines in mammals within ENP and that introduced apex predators, such as giant constrictors, can exert significant top-down pressure on prey populations. Severe declines in easily observed and/or common mammals, such as raccoons and bobcats, bode poorly for species of conservation concern, which often are more difficult to sample and occur at lower densities.