cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantum sweeps, synchronization, and Kibble-Zurek physics in dissipative quantum spin systems
Creators: name: Henriet, Loïc
name: Hur, Karyn Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address dissipation effects on the non-equilibrium quantum dynamics of an ensemble of spins-1/2 coupled via an Ising interaction. Dissipation is modeled by a (ohmic) bath of harmonic oscillators at zero temperature and correspond either to the sound modes of a one-dimensional Bose-Einstein (quasi-)condensate or to the zero-point fluctuations of a long transmission line. We consider the dimer comprising two spins and the quantum Ising chain with long-range interactions, and develop a (mathematically and numerically) exact stochastic approach to address non-equilibrium protocols in the presence of an environment. For the two spin case, we first investigate the dissipative quantum phase transition induced by the environment through quantum quenches, and study the effect of the environment on the synchronization properties. Then, we address Landau-Zener-Stueckelberg-Majorana protocols for two spins, and for the spin array. In this latter case, we adopt a stochastic mean-field point of view and present a Kibble-Zurek type argument to account for interaction effects in the lattice. Such dissipative quantum spin arrays can be realized in ultra-cold atoms, trapped ions, mesoscopic systems, and are related to Kondo lattice models.
description: Extended Version: 24 pages and 15 figures
Additional file 4 of Exploring the contribution of case study research to the evidence base for occupational therapy: a scoping review
Creators: name: McQuaid, Leona
name: Thomson, Katie
name: Bannigan, Katrina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4. Data extraction instrument (Non-empirical studies).
Adherens junction-dependent and -independent steps in the establishment of epithelial cell polarity in Drosophila
Creators: name: Peifer, Mark
name: Harris, Tony J.C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Adherens junctions (AJs) are thought to be key landmarks for establishing epithelial cell polarity, but the origin of epithelial polarity in Drosophila remains unclear. Thus, we examined epithelial polarity establishment during early Drosophila development. We found apical accumulation of both Drosophila E-Cadherin (DE-Cad) and the apical cue Bazooka (Baz) as cells first form. Mutant analyses revealed that apical Baz accumulations can be established in the absence of AJs, whereas assembly of apical DE-Cad complexes requires Baz. Thus, Baz acts upstream of AJs during epithelial polarity establishment. During gastrulation the absence of AJs results in widespread cell dissociation and depolarization. Some epithelial structures are retained, however. These structures maintain apical Baz, accumulate apical Crumbs, and organize polarized cytoskeletons, but display abnormal cell morphology and fail to segregate the basolateral cue Discs large from the apical domain. Thus, although epithelial polarity develops in the absence of AJs, AJs play specific roles in maintaining epithelial architecture and segregating basolateral cues.
Industrial Use of Phosphate Food Additives: A Mechanism Linking Ultra-Processed Food Intake to Cardiorenal Disease Risk?
Creators: name: Uribarri, Jaime
name: Calvo, Mona S.
name: Dunford, Elizabeth K.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Year: 2023

description: The consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) keeps rising, and at the same time, an increasing number of epidemiological studies are linking high rates of consumption of UPF with serious health outcomes, such as cardiovascular disease, in the general population. Many potential mechanisms, either in isolation or in combination, can explain the negative effects of UPF. In this review, we have addressed the potential role of inorganic phosphate additives, commonly added to a wide variety of foods, as factors contributing to the negative effects of UPF on cardiorenal disease. Inorganic phosphates are rapidly and efficiently absorbed, and elevated serum phosphate can lead to negative cardiorenal effects, either directly through tissue/vessel calcification or indirectly through the release of mineral-regulating hormones, parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor-23. An association between serum phosphate and cardiovascular and bone disease among patients with chronic kidney disease is well-accepted by nephrologists. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between serum phosphate and dietary phosphate intake and mortality, even in the general American population. The magnitude of the role of inorganic phosphate additives in these associations remains to be determined, and the initial step should be to determine precise estimates of population exposure to inorganic phosphate additives in the food supply.
A Comparison of Islamic Economics and the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy: Implications for Sustainable Development in Muslim Communities
Creators: name: Saran Sarntisart
Publisher: name: College of Politics and Governance (COPAG), Mahasarakham University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Islamic Economics
Sufficiency Economy
Sustainable Development
Muslim Community

description: Journal of Politics and Governance, 12, 1, 286-313
The large lookup-table codes for nighttime ionospheric retrieval
Creators: name: Qin, Jianqi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: These codes contain the large lookup tables described in (Qin et al., 2023):
Inferring the ionospheric state with the far ultraviolet imager on the Fengyun-4C geostationary satellite: Retrieval algorithm and verification
Mammalian PAR-1 determines epithelial lumen polarity by organizing the microtubule cytoskeleton
Creators: name: Müsch, Anne
name: Rodriguez-Boulan, Enrique
name: Brennwald, Patrick J.
name: Cohen, David
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Epithelial differentiation involves the generation of luminal surfaces and of a noncentrosomal microtubule (MT) network aligned along the polarity axis. Columnar epithelia (e.g., kidney, intestine, and Madin-Darby canine kidney [MDCK] cells) generate apical lumina and orient MT vertically, whereas liver epithelial cells (hepatocytes and WIFB9 cells) generate lumina at cell–cell contact sites (bile canaliculi) and orient MTs horizontally. We report that knockdown or inhibition of the mammalian orthologue of Caenorhabditis elegans Par-1 (EMK1 and MARK2) during polarization of cultured MDCK and WIFB9 cells prevented development of their characteristic lumen and nonradial MT networks. Conversely, EMK1 overexpression induced the appearance of intercellular lumina and horizontal MT arrays in MDCK cells, making EMK1 the first known candidate to regulate the developmental branching decision between hepatic and columnar epithelial cells. Our experiments suggest that EMK1 primarily promotes reorganization of the MT network, consistent with the MT-regulating role of this gene product in other systems, which in turn controls lumen formation and position.
Phosphorylation of paxillin by p38MAPK is involved in the neurite extension of PC-12 cells
Creators: name: Borchers, Christoph H.
name: Jacobson, Ken
name: Huang, Cai
name: Schaller, Michael D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Cell adhesions play an important role in neurite extension. Paxillin, a focal adhesion adaptor protein involved in focal adhesion dynamics, has been demonstrated to be required for neurite outgrowth. However, the molecular mechanism by which paxillin regulates neurite outgrowth is unknown. Here, we show that paxillin is phosphorylated by p38MAPK in vitro and in nerve growth factor (NGF)–induced PC-12 cells. Ser 85 (Ser 83 for endogenous paxillin) is identified as one of major phosphorylation sites by phosphopeptide mapping and mass spectrometry. Moreover, expression of the Ser 85 → Ala mutant of paxillin (paxS85A) significantly inhibits NGF-induced neurite extension of PC-12 cells, whereas expression of wild-type (wt) paxillin does not influence neurite outgrowth. Further experiments indicate that cells expressing paxS85A exhibit small, clustered focal adhesions which are not normally seen in cells expressing wt paxillin. Although wt paxillin and paxS85A have the same ability to bind vinculin and focal adhesion kinase, wt paxillin more efficiently associates with Pyk2 than paxS85A. Thus, phosphorylation of paxillin is involved in NGF-induced neurite extension of PC-12 cells, probably through regulating focal adhesion organization.
IPBES Invasive alien species assessment, data management report for Chapter 3. Section 3.4.1: Natural hazards
Creators: name: Ricciardi, Anthony
name: Vandvik, Vigdis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Data management report

description: Section 3.4.1 reviews the role of natural hazards as drivers in facilitating the transport of species beyond their native ranges in Chapter 3 of IPBES thematic assessment of invasive alien species and their control.
Magnetohydrodynamic-Particle-in-Cell Method for Coupling Cosmic Rays with a Thermal Plasma: Application to Non-relativistic Shocks
Creators: name: Bai, Xue-Ning
name: Caprioli, Damiano
name: Sironi, Lorenzo
name: Spitkovsky, Anatoly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate a magnetohydrodynamic-particle-in-cell (MHD-PIC) method for describing the interaction between collisionless cosmic ray (CR) particles and a thermal plasma. The thermal plasma is treated as a fluid, obeying equations of ideal MHD, while CRs are treated as relativistic Lagrangian particles subject to the Lorentz force. Backreaction from CRs to the gas is included in the form of momentum and energy feedback. In addition, we include the electromagnetic feedback due to CR-induced Hall effect that becomes important when the electron-ion drift velocity of the background plasma induced by CRs approaches the Alfvén velocity. Our method is applicable on scales much larger than the ion inertial length, bypassing the microscopic scales that must be resolved in conventional PIC methods, while retaining the full kinetic nature of the CRs. We have implemented and tested this method in the Athena MHD code, where the overall scheme is second-order accurate and fully conservative. As a first application, we describe a numerical experiment to study particle acceleration in non-relativistic shocks. Using a simplified prescription for ion injection, we reproduce the shock structure and the CR energy spectra obtained with more self-consistent hybrid-PIC simulations, but at substantially reduced computational cost. We also show that the CR-induced Hall effect reduces the growth rate of the Bell instability and affects the gas dynamics in the vicinity of the shock front. As a step forward, we are able to capture the transition of particle acceleration from non relativistic to relativistic regimes, with momentum spectrum $f(p)\sim p^{-4}$ connecting smoothly through the transition, as expected from the theory of Fermi acceleration.
description: 24 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Infant antibody and B-cell responses following confirmed pediatric GII.17 norovirus infections functionally distinguish GII.17 genetic clusters
Creators: name: Baric, Ralph S.
name: Brewer-Jensen, Paul D.
name: Gonzalez, Fredman
name: Reyes, Yaoska
name: Vinjé, Jan
name: Lindesmith, Lisa C.
name: Montmayeur, Anna M.
name: Costantini, Verónica P.
name: Averill, April M.
name: Bucardo, Filemon
name: May, Samantha
name: Mallory, Michael L.
name: Diehl, Sean A.
name: Becker-Dreps, Sylvia
name: McElvany, Benjamin D.
name: Zepeda, Omar
name: Strother, Camilla A.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media SA
Year: 2023

description: Genogroup II (GII) noroviruses are a major cause of diarrheal disease burden in children in both high- and low-income countries. GII.17 noroviruses are composed of distinct genetic clusters (I, II, IIIa, and IIIb) and have shown potential for replacing historically more prevalent GII.4 strains, but the serological basis for GII.17 antigenic diversity has not been studied in children. Utilizing samples from a birth cohort, we investigated antibody and B-cell responses to GII.17 cluster variants in confirmed GII.17 infections in young children as well as demonstrated that the distinct genetic clusters co-circulate. Polyclonal serum antibodies bound multiple clusters but showed cluster-specific blockade activity in a surrogate virus neutralization assay. Antibodies secreted by immortalized memory B cells (MBCs) from an infant GII.17 case were highly specific to GII.17 and exhibited blockade activity against this genotype. We isolated an MBC-derived GII.17-specific Immunoglobulin A (IgA) monoclonal antibody called NVA.1 that potently and selectively blocked GII.17 cluster IIIb and recognized an epitope targeted in serum from cluster IIIb–infected children. These data indicate that multiple antigenically distinct GII.17 variants co-circulate in young children, suggesting retention of cluster diversity alongside potential for immune escape given the existence of antibody-defined cluster-specific epitopes elicited during infection.
Inhibition of CDK1 by RO-3306 Exhibits Anti-Tumorigenic Effects in Ovarian Cancer Cells and a Transgenic Mouse Model of Ovarian Cancer
Creators: name: Bae-Jump V.
name: Huang Y.
name: Deng B.
name: Shen X.
name: Sun W.
name: Zhao Z.
name: Fan Y.
name: Staley A.
name: West L.
name: Pierce S.R.
name: Yin Y.
name: Tucker K.
name: Zhang X.
name: Zhou C.
name: Emanuele M.J.
name: Suo H.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Year: 2023

description: Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological malignancy of the reproductive organs in the United States. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is an important cell cycle regulatory protein that specifically controls the G2/M phase transition of the cell cycle. RO-3306 is a selective, ATP-competitive, and cell-permeable CDK1 inhibitor that shows potent anti-tumor activity in multiple pre-clinical models. In this study, we investigated the effect of CDK1 expression on the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer and the anti-tumorigenic effect of RO-3306 in both ovarian cancer cell lines and a genetically engineered mouse model of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (KpB model). In 147 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, the overexpression of CDK1 was significantly associated with poor prognosis compared with a low expression group. RO-3306 significantly inhibited cellular proliferation, induced apoptosis, caused cellular stress, and reduced cell migration. The treatment of KpB mice with RO-3306 for four weeks showed a significant decrease in tumor weight under obese and lean conditions without obvious side effects. Overall, our results demonstrate that the inhibition of CDK1 activity by RO-3306 effectively reduces cell proliferation and tumor growth, providing biological evidence for future clinical trials of CDK1 inhibitors in ovarian cancer.
การศึกษาพฤติกรรมการอยู่อาศัยของผู้สูงอายุในประเทศไทย กรณีศึกษา ภาคมหานคร
Creators: name: พนิต ภู่จินดา
Publisher: name: คณะสถาปัตยกรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2022
Subjects: สังคมผู้สูงอายุ
ผู้สูงอายุ
พฤติกรรมการอยู่อาศัย
การออกแบบที่อยู่อาศัย
อารยสถาปัตย์

description: วารสาร สิ่งแวดล้อมสรรค์สร้างวินิจฉัย (Built Environment Inquiry BEI), 21, 3, 177-196
The forces that position a mitotic spindle asymmetrically are tethered until after the time of spindle assembly
Creators: name: McCarthy, Erin K.
name: Goldstein, Bob
name: Labbé, Jean-Claude
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Regulation of the mitotic spindle's position is important for cells to divide asymmetrically. Here, we use Caenorhabditis elegans embryos to provide the first analysis of the temporal regulation of forces that asymmetrically position a mitotic spindle. We find that asymmetric pulling forces, regulated by cortical PAR proteins, begin to act as early as prophase and prometaphase, even before the spindle forms and shifts to a posterior position. The spindle does not shift asymmetrically during these early phases due to a tethering force, mediated by astral microtubules that reach the anterior cell cortex. We show that this tether is normally released after spindle assembly and independently of anaphase entry. Monitoring microtubule dynamics by photobleaching segments of microtubules during anaphase revealed that spindle microtubules do not undergo significant poleward flux in C. elegans. Together with the known absence of anaphase A, these data suggest that the major forces contributing to chromosome separation during anaphase originate outside the spindle. We propose that the forces positioning the mitotic spindle asymmetrically are tethered until after the time of spindle assembly and that these same forces are used later to drive chromosome segregation at anaphase.
Structural and configurational properties of nanoconfined monolayer ice from first principles
Creators: name: Corsetti, Fabiano
name: Matthews, Paul
name: Artacho, Emilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the structural tendencies of nanoconfined water is of great interest for nanoscience and biology, where nano/micro-sized objects may be separated by very few layers of water. Here we investigate the properties of ice confined to a quasi-2D monolayer by a featureless, chemically neutral potential, in order to characterize its intrinsic behaviour. We use density-functional theory simulations with a non-local van der Waals density functional. An ab initio random structure search reveals all the energetically competitive monolayer configurations to belong to only two of the previously-identified families, characterized by a square or honeycomb hydrogen-bonding network, respectively. We discuss the modified ice rules needed for each network, and propose a simple point dipole 2D lattice model that successfully explains the energetics of the square configurations. All identified stable phases for both networks are found to be non-polar (but with a topologically non-trivial texture for the square) and, hence, non-ferroelectric, in contrast to previous predictions from a five-site empirical force-field model. Our results are in good agreement with very recently reported experimental observations.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 5 of Exploring the contribution of case study research to the evidence base for occupational therapy: a scoping review
Creators: name: McQuaid, Leona
name: Thomson, Katie
name: Bannigan, Katrina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 5. Characteristics of included empirical studies.
Essential role of CIB1 in regulating PAK1 activation and cell migration
Creators: name: Liu, Mingjuan
name: Jaffer, Zahara M.
name: Parise, Leslie V.
name: Leisner, Tina M.
name: Chernoff, Jonathan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: p21-activated kinases (PAKs) regulate many cellular processes, including cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell migration. In this study, we report a direct and specific interaction of PAK1 with a 22-kD Ca2+-binding protein, CIB1, which results in PAK1 activation both in vitro and in vivo. CIB1 binds to PAK1 within discrete regions surrounding the inhibitory switch domain in a calcium-dependent manner, providing a potential mechanism of CIB1-induced PAK1 activation. CIB1 overexpression significantly decreases cell migration on fibronectin as a result of a PAK1-and LIM kinase–dependent increase in cofilin phosphorylation. Conversely, the RNA interference–mediated depletion of CIB1 increases cell migration and reduces normal adhesion-induced PAK1 activation and cofilin phosphorylation. Together, these results demonstrate that endogenous CIB1 is required for regulated adhesion-induced PAK1 activation and preferentially induces a PAK1-dependent pathway that can negatively regulate cell migration. These results point to CIB1 as a key regulator of PAK1 activation and signaling.
Studying Activities, Behaviors, and Impression of Users in the Green Spaces in Khon Kaen University Campus
Creators: name: Sothearoth Saroeun
Publisher: name: คณะสถาปัตยกรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2022
Subjects: Green space
Campus
Activities and Behaviors
Users
Impressions

description: วารสาร สิ่งแวดล้อมสรรค์สร้างวินิจฉัย (Built Environment Inquiry BEI), 21, 3, 197-210
Reduced Apaf-1 levels in cardiomyocytes engage strict regulation of apoptosis by endogenous XIAP
Creators: name: Vaughn, Allyson E.
name: Potts, Malia B.
name: Patterson, Cam
name: McDonough, Holly
name: Deshmukh, Mohanish
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Overexpression studies have identified X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) as a potent inhibitor of caspases. However, the exact function of endogenous XIAP in regulating mammalian apoptosis is less clear. Endogenous XIAP strictly regulates cytochrome c–dependent caspase activation in sympathetic neurons but not in many mitotic cells. We report that postmitotic cardiomyocytes, unlike fibroblasts, are remarkably resistant to cytosolic microinjection of cytochrome c. The cardiomyocyte resistance to cytochrome c is mediated by endogenous XIAP, as XIAP-deficient cardiomyocytes die rapidly with cytosolic cytochrome c alone. Importantly, we found that cardiomyocytes, like neurons, have markedly reduced Apaf-1 levels and that this decrease in Apaf-1 is directly linked to the tight regulation of caspase activation by XIAP. These data identify an important function of XIAP in cardiomyocytes and point to a striking similarity in the regulation of apoptosis in postmitotic cells.
The yeast lgl family member Sro7p is an effector of the secretory Rab GTPase Sec4p
Creators: name: Grosshans, Bianka L.
name: Andreeva, Anna
name: Brennwald, Patrick
name: Novick, Peter
name: Niessen, Sherry
name: Yates, John R.
name: Gangar, Akanksha
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Rab guanosine triphosphatases regulate intracellular membrane traffic by binding specific effector proteins. The yeast Rab Sec4p plays multiple roles in the polarized transport of post-Golgi vesicles to, and their subsequent fusion with, the plasma membrane, suggesting the involvement of several effectors. Yet, only one Sec4p effector has been documented to date: the exocyst protein Sec15p. The exocyst is an octameric protein complex required for tethering secretory vesicles, which is a prerequisite for membrane fusion. In this study, we describe the identification of a second Sec4p effector, Sro7p, which is a member of the lethal giant larvae tumor suppressor family. Sec4-GTP binds to Sro7p in cell extracts as well as to purified Sro7p, and the two proteins can be coimmunoprecipitated. Furthermore, we demonstrate the formation of a ternary complex of Sec4-GTP, Sro7p, and the t-SNARE Sec9p. Genetic data support our conclusion that Sro7p functions downstream of Sec4p and further imply that Sro7p and the exocyst share partially overlapping functions, possibly in SNARE regulation.
On Convex Least Squares Estimation when the Truth is Linear
Creators: name: Chen, Yining
name: Wellner, Jon A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62E20, 62G07, 62G08, 62G10, 60G15, 62G20

description: We prove that the convex least squares estimator (LSE) attains a $n^{-1/2}$ pointwise rate of convergence in any region where the truth is linear. In addition, the asymptotic distribution can be characterized by a modified invelope process. Analogous results hold when one uses the derivative of the convex LSE to perform derivative estimation. These asymptotic results facilitate a new consistent testing procedure on the linearity against a convex alternative. Moreover, we show that the convex LSE adapts to the optimal rate at the boundary points of the region where the truth is linear, up to a log-log factor. These conclusions are valid in the context of both density estimation and regression function estimation.
description: 35 pages, 5 figures
Longitudinal Examination of Which Married Young Women Use Contraception to Delay a First Pregnancy in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India
Creators: name: Zavier A.J.F.
name: Hainsworth G.
name: Calhoun L.M.
name: Guilkey D.K.
name: Speizer I.S.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Year: 2023

description: Early marriage and childbearing put young women and their babies at risk of poor health and well-being. This study uses two rounds of longitudinal data from young women ages 15–19 in 2015–2016 and followed in 2018–2019 to determine factors associated with contraceptive use before a first pregnancy among young, married women in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India. Discrete time hazard models were used to analyze time to first use starting from the month of marriage. Overall, use of contraception prior to a first pregnancy was low in this sample (between 12 to 20% used before a first pregnancy). Young women who reported that someone discussed the importance of delaying a first birth at the time of marriage were significantly more likely to have used a method of family planning (FP) before a first pregnancy than those who did not receive this information. Further, women who discussed FP with their husband before a first pregnancy were more likely to use contraception. Finally, among recently married young women, those who experienced pressure to have a child were less likely to use before a first pregnancy. As young women recognize the advantages of delaying a first birth and adopt FP to meet their needs, social norms around early childbearing will slowly adjust and early use to delay a first pregnancy will become more normative.
A role for a novel centrosome cycle in asymmetric cell division
Creators: name: Rusan, Nasser M.
name: Peifer, Mark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Tissue stem cells play a key role in tissue maintenance. Drosophila melanogaster central brain neuroblasts are excellent models for stem cell asymmetric division. Earlier work showed that their mitotic spindle orientation is established before spindle formation. We investigated the mechanism by which this occurs, revealing a novel centrosome cycle. In interphase, the two centrioles separate, but only one is active, retaining pericentriolar material and forming a “dominant centrosome.” This centrosome acts as a microtubule organizing center (MTOC) and remains stationary, forming one pole of the future spindle. The second centriole is inactive and moves to the opposite side of the cell before being activated as a centrosome/MTOC. This is accompanied by asymmetric localization of Polo kinase, a key centrosome regulator. Disruption of centrosomes disrupts the high fidelity of asymmetric division. We propose a two-step mechanism to ensure faithful spindle positioning: the novel centrosome cycle produces a single interphase MTOC, coarsely aligning the spindle, and spindle–cortex interactions refine this alignment.
DFG Practical Guidelines on Digitisation. Updated version 2022.
Creators: name: Altenhöner, Reinhard
name: Berger, Andreas
name: Bracht, Christian
name: Klimpel, Paul
name: Meyer, Sebastian
name: Neuburger, Andreas
name: Stäcker, Thomas
name: Stein, Regine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Practical guidelines
Digitisation
Indexing
Information infrastructures
Standardisation
NFDI

description: The DFG Practical Guidelines on Digitisation provide a fundamental basis for DFG-funded digitisation projects in its “Digitisation and Indexing” programme: They formulate standards and contain information on organisational, methodological and technical issues in the context of digitising and indexing objects relevant for research. They thus make an important contribution towards the sustainability, accessibility and compatibility of funded projects and to the resulting infrastructure. This document is an updated version of the Practical Guidelines last published in 2016 by the DFG. It was developed in consultation with the DFG Head Office by a group of authors initiated by the NFDI consortium NFDI4Culture, the majority of whose members have long played a part in shaping the Practical Guidelines and are actively involved in the NFDI consortia NFDI4Culture, NFDI4Memory, NFDI4Objects and Text+. The now revised Practical Guidelines on Digitisation serve as starting point for a material- and community-related differentiation of the Practical Guidelines by the communities. All communities and institutions concerned with the digitisation of research-relevant objects are encouraged to contribute their expertise to the further process.
Supersymmetric Duality in Superloop Space
Creators: name: Faizal, Mir
name: Tsun, Tsou Sheung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we constructed superloop space duality for a four dimensional supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with $\mathcal{N} =1$ supersymmetry. This duality reduces to the ordinary loop space duality for the ordinary Yang-Mills theory. It also reduces to the Hodge duality for an abelian gauge theory. Furthermore, the electric charges, which are the sources in the original theory, appear as monopoles in the dual theory. Whereas, the magnetic charges, which appear as monopoles in the original theory, become sources in the dual theory.
description: 9 pages, 0 figures, Accepted for publication in EPJC
Male partners’ support and influence on pregnant women’s oral PrEP use and adherence in Malawi
Creators: name: Young A.M.
name: Chi B.H.
name: Tseka J.
name: Hill L.M.
name: Pearce L.D.
name: Mutale W.
name: Maman S.
name: Golin C.E.
name: Bula A.
name: Saidi F.
name: Mmodzi P.
name: Phanga T.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media SA
Year: 2023

description: Introduction: Daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a safe and effective HIV prevention method for pregnant and postpartum women, but adherence barriers exist. Understanding the role of male partners in supporting PrEP use may inform strategies to support PrEP adherence among pregnant and breastfeeding women. Methods: To understand male partners’ involvement in women's use of PrEP, we conducted in-depth interviews with pregnant women in Lilongwe, Malawi who had recently decided to use PrEP (n = 30) and their male partners (n = 20) in the context of a PrEP adherence trial. Women were purposively recruited to ensure variation in their partners’ HIV status. Interviews were conducted in Chichewa using a semistructured guide. We followed a thematic approach to analyze the interview data. Results: Most male partners were receptive to women using PrEP during pregnancy because it eased their fears of the woman and baby acquiring HIV. Men often played a key role in women's PrEP adherence by providing daily reminders and encouragement to adhere to their medication. The majority of women appreciated this support from the men as it lessened the burden of remembering to take their medications daily on their own and aided their adherence. However, several women who lacked male partner support spoke of wanting their partners to be more involved. Many men living with HIV found the mutual support beneficial for their antiretroviral therapy adherence, while men without HIV or with status unknown appreciated knowing that the family was protected. While most men were open to women continuing PrEP beyond the current study, some would only support it if women were still at risk for acquiring HIV. Conclusion: In this study, male partners were strongly motivated to support the PrEP adherence of their female partners as a way of ensuring that the pregnant women and unborn babies were protected against HIV. Promoting disclosure and tangible support that arises organically among men may be helpful, but programs to enhance this support and identify ways to support women who do not receive support from their partners or do not wish to disclose their PrEP use to partners may be needed. 2023 Young, Saidi, Phanga, Tseka, Bula, Mmodzi, Pearce, Maman, Golin, Mutale, Chi and Hill.
Mindshift in autism: a call to professionals in research, clinical, and educational settings
Creators: name: Jones, Desiree R.
name: Nicolaidis, Christina
name: Waisman, T. C.
name: McVey, Alana J.
name: Raymaker, Dora M.
name: Maddox, Brenna B.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media SA
Year: 2023

description: Autistic people often have poor outcomes over the life course, including in health, education, employment, and community inclusion. Many professionals working with Autistic adults in research, clinical, and educational settings devote their careers to trying to improve such outcomes. However, we maintain that real progress cannot happen without a fundamental mindshift. The status quo for professionals is to view autism as an illness. Instead, the neurodiversity movement encourages us to value and embrace autism as an aspect of human diversity and asks us to view Autistic people as a marginalized group that experiences significant disparities. While some professionals may be adopting language and concepts from the neurodiversity movement, we argue that making this mindshift fundamentally changes our practice across research, clinical, and educational settings. In this perspective, we call on professionals to embrace this mindshift to reduce discrimination and stigma, halt the spread of harmful ideologies, and help Autistic adults live fulfilling lives.
Additional file 6 of Exploring the contribution of case study research to the evidence base for occupational therapy: a scoping review
Creators: name: McQuaid, Leona
name: Thomson, Katie
name: Bannigan, Katrina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 6. Characteristics of included non-empirical papers.
DFG-Praxisregeln "Digitalisierung". Aktualisierte Fassung 2022.
Creators: name: Altenhöner, Reinhard
name: Berger, Andreas
name: Bracht, Christian
name: Klimpel, Paul
name: Meyer, Sebastian
name: Neuburger, Andreas
name: Stäcker, Thomas
name: Stein, Regine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Praxisregeln
Digitalisierung
Erschließung
Informationsinfrastrukturen
Standardbildung
NFDI

description: Die DFG-Praxisregeln „Digitalisierung“ stellen eine zentrale Grundlage für DFG-geförderte Projekte im Programm „Digitalisierung und Erschließung“ dar: Sie formulieren Standards und enthalten Informationen zu organisatorischen, methodischen und technischen Fragen im Kontext der Digitalisierung und Erschließung forschungsrelevanter Objekte. Sie leisten damit einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Nachhaltigkeit, Zugänglichkeit und Anschlussfähigkeit geförderter Projekte und der in diesem Zusammenhang entstehenden Infrastruktur. Das vorliegende Dokument stellt eine aktualisierte Fassung der zuletzt 2016 durch die DFG publizierten Praxisregeln dar. Es wurde in Absprache mit der DFG-Geschäftsstelle durch eine vom NFDI-Konsortium NFDI4Culture initiierte Autor*innengruppe erarbeitet, deren Mitglieder mehrheitlich seit langem an der Ausgestaltung der Praxisregeln beteiligt waren sowie aktiv in die NFDI-Konsortien NFDI4Culture, NFDI4Memory, NFDI4Objects und Text+ eingebunden sind. Die jetzt überarbeitet vorliegenden Praxisregeln „Digitalisierung“ dienen als Ausgangspunkt für eine material- und communitybezogene Ausdifferenzierung der Praxisregeln durch die Communitys. Alle mit der Digitalisierung forschungsrelevanter Objekte befassten Communitys und Einrichtungen sind dazu aufgerufen, mit ihrer Expertise am weiteren Prozess mitzuwirken.
title: Bibliotheken im Veränderungsmodus – Einblicke in den Prozess der Open Access-Transformation an der Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena
Creators: name: Satzinger, Lea
name: Mutschler, Thomas
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Open Access
subject: Bibliothek
subject: 020

description: Im Kontext der Open Access-Transformation können sich Bibliotheken längst nicht mehr auf ihre etablierte Rolle als Literatur- und Informationsversorger zurückziehen, sondern sie sind inzwischen vielfältig als eigenständige Akteure im Forschungs- und Publikationsprozess gefragt. Eine besondere Herausforderung stellt die Open Access-Transformation für Bibliotheken an forschungsintensiven Hochschulstandorten dar. Wie verändern DEAL und Open Access die etablierte Rolle der Bibliothek? Welche Konsequenzen hat der Transformationsprozess für die Ressourcen und Finanzströme? Und welche Möglichkeiten der Kooperation mit Verlagen bieten sich den Bibliotheken? Am Beispiel der Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek gewähren Thomas Mutschler und Lea Satzinger Einblicke in den Transformations-Prozess an einer Hochschulbibliothek.
Multi-Omics Analysis of NCI-60 Cell Line Data Reveals Novel Metabolic Processes Linked with Resistance to Alkylating Anti-Cancer Agents
Creators: name: Rushing, Blake R.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: This study aimed to elucidate the molecular determinants influencing the response of cancer cells to alkylating agents, a major class of chemotherapeutic drugs used in cancer treatment. The study utilized data from the National Cancer Institute (NCI)-60 cell line screening program and employed a comprehensive multi-omics approach integrating transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and SNP data. Through integrated pathway analysis, the study identified key metabolic pathways, such as cysteine and methionine metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and purine metabolism, that differentiate drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells. The analysis also revealed potential druggable targets within these pathways. Furthermore, copy number variant (CNV) analysis, derived from SNP data, between sensitive and resistant cells identified notable differences in genes associated with metabolic changes (WWOX, CNTN5, DDAH1, PGR), protein trafficking (ARL17B, VAT1L), and miRNAs (MIR1302-2, MIR3163, MIR1244-3, MIR1302-9). The findings of this study provide a holistic view of the molecular landscape and dysregulated pathways underlying the response of cancer cells to alkylating agents. The insights gained from this research can contribute to the development of more effective therapeutic strategies and personalized treatment approaches, ultimately improving patient outcomes in cancer treatment.
title: Spin-base-invariant formulation of Hilbert-Palatini gravity
Creators: name: Küspert, Ruben
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie
subject: Spin
subject: Dirac-Matrizen
subject: 530

description: In dieser Arbeit leiten wir eine neue Formulierung der Allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie ab, welche koordinatenabhängige Dirac Matrizen und einen verallgemeinerten Spin-Zusammenhang als Freiheitsgrade verwendet und die volle Spin-Basis-Invarianz - eine Symmetrie aller fermionischen Materie in der Natur - bewahrt. Die koordinatenabhängigen Dirac Matrizen werden dabei durch eine verallgemeinerte Clifford Algebra definiert, welche lokal postuliert wird. Diese Dirac Matrizen sind die natürlichen Variablen des so genannten Spin-Basen Formalismus, der es erlaubt, Spinore in gekrümmten Raumzeiten zu definieren, ohne ein spezielles Koordinatensystem einzuführen zu müssen, d.h. ein Vielbein-Feld ist nicht erforderlich. In der Verallgemeinerung des Spin-Zusammenhangs finden wir einen uneingeschränkten Freiheitsgrad, der neben der explizit implementierten Spin-Basis-Symmetrie eine weitere Symmetrie der neuen Formulierung aufdeckt. Weiter untersuchen wir in der Krümmung quadratische Terme, aus denen ein kinetischer Term für diesen unbeschränkten Freiheitsgrad hervorgeht, der ihn zu einem dynamischen Bestandteil der Theorie macht.
description: In this thesis we derive a novel formulation of General Relativity that uses curved (spacetimedependent) Dirac matrices and generalized spin connections as degrees of freedom and preserves full spin-base invariance - a symmetry of all fermionic matter sectors in nature. The curved Dirac matrices are thereby defined by virtue of a generalized Clifford algebra, which is postulated to hold locally. These Dirac matrices are the natural variables of the so called spin-base formalism, which allows to define spinors in curved spacetimes without introducing a coframe, i.e. a vielbein field is not required. In the generalization of the spin connection, we find an unconstrained degree of freedom, which uncovers a new symmetry of the novel formulation aside from the spin-base symmetry explicitly implemented. We investigate terms quadratic in the curvature, which give rise to a kinetic term for this unconstrained degree of freedom promoting it to a dynamical constituent of the theory.
From strings in 6d to strings in 5d
Creators: name: Haghighat, Babak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how recent progress in computing elliptic genera of strings in six dimensions can be used to obtain expressions for elliptic genera of strings in five-dimensional field theories which have a six-dimensional parent. We further connect our results to recent mathematical results about sheaf counting on ruled surfaces.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures. v3: Definitions clarified, Section "Concluding Thoughts" added
Liturgie und Leben
Creators: name: Garhammer, E.
name: Werner, Winfried
name: Hofer, Hermann
name: Jantsch, Franz
name: Scheuermann, Michael
name: Schulz, Ehrenfried
name: Schmid, Peter F.
Publisher: name: Diakonia
Year: 1970

description: Diakonia, Bd. 21 Nr. 1 (1990): Diakonia, Band 21, Heft 1
Actin-dependent intranuclear repositioning of an active gene locus in vivo
Creators: name: Matera, A. Gregory
name: Ospina, Jason K.
name: Hager, Gordon L.
name: Upender, Madhvi
name: John, Sam
name: Dundr, Miroslav
name: Sung, Myong-Hee
name: Ried, Thomas
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Although bulk chromatin is thought to have limited mobility within the interphase eukaryotic nucleus, directed long-distance chromosome movements are not unknown. Cajal bodies (CBs) are nuclear suborganelles that nonrandomly associate with small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and histone gene loci in human cells during interphase. However, the mechanism responsible for this association is uncertain. In this study, we present an experimental system to probe the dynamic interplay of CBs with a U2 snRNA target gene locus during transcriptional activation in living cells. Simultaneous four-dimensional tracking of CBs and U2 genes reveals that target loci are recruited toward relatively stably positioned CBs by long-range chromosomal motion. In the presence of a dominant-negative mutant of β-actin, the repositioning of activated U2 genes is markedly inhibited. This supports a model in which nuclear actin is required for these rapid, long-range chromosomal movements.
National trends in emergency conditions through the Omicron COVID-19 wave in commercial and Medicare Advantage enrollees
Creators: name: Melnick E.R.
name: Janke A.T.
name: Stevens M.A.
name: Jeffery M.M.
name: Nath B.
name: Savitz S.T.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Year: 2023

description: Objective: To evaluate trends in emergency care sensitive conditions (ECSCs) from pre-COVID (March 2018–February 2020) through Omicron (December 2021–February 2022). Methods: This cross-sectional analysis evaluated trends in ECSCs using claims (OptumLabs Data Warehouse) from commercial and Medicare Advantage enrollees. Emergency department (ED) visits for ECSCs (acute appendicitis, aortic aneurysm/dissection, cardiac arrest/severe arrhythmia, cerebral infarction, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, opioid overdose, pre-eclampsia) were reported per 100,000 person months from March 2018 to February 2022 by pandemic wave. We calculated the percent change for each pandemic wave compared to the pre-pandemic period. Results: There were 10,268,554 ED visits (March 2018−February 2022). The greatest increases in ECSCs were seen for pulmonary embolism, cardiac arrest/severe arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and pre-eclampsia. For commercial enrollees, pulmonary embolism visit rates increased 22.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.6%–26.9%) during Waves 2−3, 37.2% (95% CI, 29.1%–45.8%] during Delta, and 27.9% (95% CI, 20.3%–36.1%) during Omicron, relative to pre-pandemic rates. Cardiac arrest/severe arrhythmia visit rates increased 4.0% (95% CI, 0.2%–8.0%) during Waves 2−3; myocardial infarction rates increased 4.9% (95% CI, 2.1%–7.8%) during Waves 2−3. Similar patterns were seen in Medicare Advantage enrollees. Pre-eclampsia visit rates among reproductive-age female enrollees increased 31.1% (95% CI, 20.9%–42.2%), 23.7% (95% CI, 7.5%,–42.3%), and 34.7% (95% CI, 16.8%–55.2%) during Waves 2−3, Delta, and Omicron, respectively. ED visits for other ECSCs declined or exhibited smaller increases. Conclusions: ED visit rates for acute cardiovascular conditions, pulmonary embolism and pre-eclampsia increased despite declines or stable rates for all-cause ED visits and ED visits for other conditions. Given the changing landscape of ECSCs, studies should identify drivers for these changes and interventions to mitigate them.
Chromatin modification of Apaf-1 restricts the apoptotic pathway in mature neurons
Creators: name: Wright, Kevin M.
name: Farrag, Lila
name: Smith, Michelle I.
name: Deshmukh, Mohanish
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Although apoptosis has been extensively studied in developing neurons, the dynamic changes in this pathway after neuronal maturation remain largely unexplored. We show that as neurons mature, cytochrome c– mediated apoptosis progresses from inhibitor of apoptosis protein–dependent to –independent regulation because of a complete loss of Apaf-1 expression. However, after DNA damage, mature neurons resynthesize Apaf-1 through the cell cycle–related E2F1 pathway and restore their apoptotic potential. Surprisingly, we find that E2F1 is sufficient to induce Apaf-1 expression in developing but not mature neurons. Rather, Apaf-1 up-regulation in mature neurons requires both chromatin derepression and E2F1 transcriptional activity. This differential capacity of E2F1 to induce Apaf-1 transcription is because of the association of the Apaf-1 promoter with active chromatin in developing neurons and repressed chromatin in mature neurons. These data specifically illustrate how the apoptotic pathway in mature neurons becomes increasingly restricted by a novel mechanism involving the regulation of chromatin structure.
Additional file 7 of Exploring the contribution of case study research to the evidence base for occupational therapy: a scoping review
Creators: name: McQuaid, Leona
name: Thomson, Katie
name: Bannigan, Katrina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 7. Studies ineligible following full-text review post 2016.