cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Late-time spectral line formation in Type IIb supernovae, with application to SN 1993J, SN 2008ax, and SN 2011dh
Creators: name: Jerkstrand, A.
name: Ergon, M.
name: Smartt, S. J.
name: Fransson, C.
name: Sollerman, J.
name: Taubenberger, S.
name: Bersten, M.
name: Spyromilio, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate line formation processes in Type IIb supernovae (SNe) from 100 to 500 days post-explosion using spectral synthesis calculations. The modeling identifies the nuclear burning layers and physical mechanisms that produce the major emission lines, and the diagnostic potential of these. We compare the model calculations with data on the three best observed Type IIb SNe to-date - SN 1993J, SN 2008ax, and SN 2011dh. Oxygen nucleosynthesis depends sensitively on the main-sequence mass of the star and modeling of the [O I] 6300, 6364 lines constrains the progenitors of these three SNe to the M_ZAMS=12-16 M_sun range (ejected oxygen masses 0.3-0.9 M_sun), with SN 2011dh towards the lower end and SN 1993J towards the upper end of the range. The high ejecta masses from M_ZAMS >= 17 M_sun progenitors give rise to brighter nebular phase emission lines than observed. Nucleosynthesis analysis thus supports a scenario of low/moderate mass progenitors for Type IIb SNe, and by implication an origin in binary systems. We demonstrate how oxygen and magnesium recombination lines may be combined to diagnose the magnesium mass in the SN ejecta. For SN 2011dh, a magnesium mass of of 0.02-0.14 M_sun is derived, which gives a Mg/O production ratio consistent with the solar value. Nitrogen left in the He envelope from CNO-burning gives strong [N II] 6548, 6583 emission lines that dominate over H-alpha emission in our models. The hydrogen envelopes of Type IIb SNe are too small and dilute to produce any noticeable H-alpha emission or absorption after ~150 days, and nebular phase emission seen around 6550 A is in many cases likely caused by [N II] 6548, 6583. Finally, the influence of radiative transport on the emergent line profiles is investigated...(abridged)
description: Published version
Informal mentoring and young adult employment
Creators: name: Erickson, Lance D.
name: Johnson, Monica Kirkpatrick
name: McDonald, Steve
name: Elder, Glen H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: This study explores the role of informal mentoring (i.e., developing an important relationship with a non-parental adult) in the transition to full time employment among young adults (age 23-28). Multivariate analysis of the Add Health data reveals that mentoring is positively related to the likelihood of full time employment, and the relationship involves both selection and causation processes. Entrance into the world of work facilitates the development of mentoring relationships, especially among youth who identify work-related mentors after adolescence. These relationships have the potential for promoting attachment to the labor force. Mentoring relationships that develop outside of work settings and during adolescence have a positive impact on the odds of full time employment. The receipt of guidance and advice from mentors, as well as access to weak-tied mentoring relationships, teacher mentors, and friend mentors all contribute to the increased odds of employment in young adulthood. However, adolescent mentoring may be less effective among young women than it is among young men.
Birth setting decisions during COVID-19: A comparative qualitative study
Creators: name: Crook, Laura
name: Lyerly, Anne
name: Holdren, Sarah
Publisher: name: SAGE
Year: 2024

description: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an increased number of out-of-hospital births in the United States and other nations. While many studies have sought to understand the experiences of pregnant and birthing people during this time, few have compared experiences across birth locations. Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the narratives and decision-making processes of those who gave birth in and out of hospitals during the pandemic. Design: We conducted semi-structured narrative interviews with 24 women who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Interviews were transcribed and coded, and a thematic narrative analysis was employed. Final themes and exemplary quotes were determined in discussion among the research team. Results: Results from narrative analysis revealed three themes that played into participants’ birth location decisions: (1) birth efficacy and values, (2) diverse definitions of safety, and (3) childcare and other logistics. In each of these themes, participants who gave birth in birthing centers, at the hospital, and at home describe their individualized approach to achieving a supportive birth environment while mitigating the risk of labor complications and COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: Our study suggests that for some childbearing people, the pandemic did not change birthing values or decisions but rather brought enhanced clarity to their individual needs during birth and perceived risks, benefits, and limitations of each birthing space. This study further highlights the need for improved structural support for birthing people to access a range of safe and supportive birthing environments.
The Cheshire Cap
Creators: name: Martinec, Emil J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A key role in black hole dynamics is played by the inner horizon; most of the entropy of a slightly nonextremal charged or rotating black hole is carried there, and the covariant entropy bound suggests that the rest lies in the region between the inner and outer horizon. An attempt to match this onto results of the microstate geometries program suggests that a `Higgs branch' of underlying long string states of the configuration space realizes the degrees of freedom on the inner horizon, while the `Coulomb branch' describes the inter-horizon region and beyond. Support for this proposal comes from an analysis of the way singularities develop in microstate geometries, and their close analogy to corresponding structures in fivebrane dynamics. These singularities signal the opening up of the long string degrees of freedom of the theory, which are partly visible from the geometry side. A conjectural picture of the black hole interior is proposed, wherein the long string degrees of freedom resolve the geometrical singularity on the inner horizon, yet are sufficiently nonlocal to communicate information to the outer horizon and beyond.
description: 64 pages, 8 figures. Version 2: References added, together with substantial elaborations and clarifications
Who trusts? Race, gender, and the September 11 rally effect among young adults
Creators: name: Smolek, Sondra J.
name: Perrin, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: First proposed by Mueller, the theory of the “rally effect” predicts that public support for government officials will increase when an event occurs that (1) is international; (2) involves the United States; and (3) is specific, dramatic, and sharply focused (Mueller 1973, p. 209). Using the natural experiment of a large (N=15,127) survey of young adults ages 18-27 that was in the field during the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, we confirm the existence of a rally effect on trust in government as well as its subsequent decay. We then use a predictive modeling approach to investigate individual-level dynamics of rallying around the flag and anti-rallying in the face of the national threat. By disaggregating predictors of rallying, we demonstrate remarkably different patterns of response to the attacks based on sex and, particularly, race. The results confirm expectations of national threat inciting a rally effect, but indicate that the dynamics of this rally effect are complex and race and gender-dependent. The article offers previously-unavailable insights into the dynamics of rallying and trust in government.
Due inediti di Ezio Raimondi su letteratura, paesaggio e sostenibilità del lessico. Con una nota di Forte Clò
Creators: name: Di Franco, Alberto
Publisher: name: Griseldaonline
Year: 2023

description: In vista del XXVI Congresso nazionale dell’Associazione degli Italianisti Contemplare/abitare: la natura nella letteratura italiana, si propongono due inediti di Ezio Raimondi dedicati a questo tema. Il primo, L’ambiente e il paesaggio nella letteratura italiana, risale al 1998; il secondo, Il lessico della sostenibilità, è del 2001.
description: Griseldaonline, Vol. 22 No. 1 (2023): Il semplice. Vite e voci di una rivista
Dark Matter Searches in Jet plus Missing Energy in $\rm γp$ collision at CERN LHC
Creators: name: Sun, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the $\rm γp$ photoproduction of jet plus missing energy signal to set limits on the couplings of the fermionic dark matter to the quarks at the LHC via the main reaction $\rm pp\rightarrow pγp\rightarrow p χχj$. We assume a typical LHC multipurpose forward detectors and work in a model independent Effective Field Theory framework. Typically, when we do the background analysis, we also include their corresponding Single Diffractive (SD) productions. Our result shows that by requiring a $5σ$ ($\rm S/\sqrt{B} \geq 5$) signal deviation, with an integrated luminosity of $\rm {\cal L} = 200 fb^{-1}$, the lower bounds of WIMP masses scale can be detected up to $\rm Λ$ equal 665.5, 808.9 and 564.0 GeV for the forward detector acceptances $ξ_1$, $ξ_2$, and $ξ_3$, respectively, where $0.0015
description: 33pages, 7figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1406.3897, arXiv:1402.1817, change grammer errors, to appear in Phys.Rev.D
Later first marriage and marital success
Creators: name: Glenn, Norval D.
name: Uecker, Jeremy E.
name: Love, Robert W.B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The research reported here used measures of marital success based on both marital survival and marital quality to assess how well first marriages entered at relatively late ages fare in comparison with those entered younger. Analysis of data from five American data sets indicated that the later marriages fare very well in survival but rather poorly in quality. The greatest indicated likelihood of being in an intact marriage of the highest quality is among those who married at ages 22-25, net of the estimated effects of time since first marriage and several variables that might commonly affect age at marriage and marital outcomes. The negative relationship beyond the early to mid twenties between age at marriage and marital success is likely to be at least partially spurious, and thus it would be premature to conclude that the optimal time for first marriage for most persons is ages 22-25. However, the findings do suggest that most persons have little or nothing to gain in the way of marital success by deliberately postponing marriage beyond the mid twenties.
Detection of 2D electron g-factor sign inversion in narrow GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells
Creators: name: Solovyev, V. V.
name: Dietsche, W.
name: Kukushkin, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By means of CW polarization-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy we demonstrate the sign inversion of $g_z$-component of 2D electron g-factor with narrowing of a hosting GaAs/Al$_{0.33}$Ga$_{0.67}$As quantum well (QW). The energy splitting between spectral lines correspoding to recombination from the electron lowest Landau level and possessing opposite curcular polarization is analyzed. Due to exchange interaction, this value reveals maximum or minimum as a function of magnetic field strength in the vicinity of electron filling factor $ν=3$. The actual type of extremum depends on the electron $g_z$-component sign. The method allows to detect the sign inversion of electron Lande g-factor with its absolute value changing by less than $Δg \approx 0.06$. The reversal happens at a QW width of ($65\pm 3$ Å).
description: 9 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to JETP letters. Main text in Russian
Optical response of C60 fullerene from a Time Dependent Thomas Fermi approach
Creators: name: Palade, D. I.
name: Baran, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the collective electron dynamics in C60 clusters within the Time Dependent Thomas Fermi method in the frame of jellium model. The results regarding the optical spectrum are in good agreement with the experimental data, our simulations being able to reproduce both resonances from 20eV and 40eV . We compare also, the results with those from other theoretical approaches and investigate the implications of quantum effects including exchange-correlation corrections, or gradient corrections from a Weizsacker term. The nature of the second resonance is studied using transition densities and analysing the probability current amplitudes.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
title: К вопросу о влиянии уголовно-процессуального законодательства на эффективность реализации уголовной ответственности
title: On Influence of Criminal Procedure Legislation on Implementation Effectiveness of Criminal Liability
Creators: name: Сурихин, Петр Леонидович
name: Попова, Лариса Александровна
Publisher: name: Издательский центр СурГУ
Year: 2019

description: В статье на основе междисциплинарного подхода рассмотрены проблемы повышения эффективности уголовного закона с позиции реализации положений Уголовно-процессуального кодекса Российской Федерации (УПК РФ) в процессе привлечения лица к уголовной ответственности, влияние норм УПК РФ, обеспечивающих реализацию положений Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации (УК РФ), на решение задач, стоящих перед уголовным законодательством России.
description: The article, based on an interdisciplinary approach, addresses the problems of effectiveness increasing of criminal law from the perspective of implementing the provisions of the Russian Federation Code of Criminal Procedure in the process of bringing a person to criminal liability. The influence of the norms of the Russian Federation Code of Criminal Procedure as ensuring the implementation of the provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on the tasks solving facing the criminal legislation of Russia is considered.
Sechzehnter Deutscher Kunsthistorikertag, Düs­seldorf, 3.-6. 10. 1978.
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2023

description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 32 Nr. 1 (1979): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Extended-family resources and racial inequality in the transition to homeownership
Creators: name: Crowder, Kyle
name: Hall, Matthew
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: We use longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine how access to financial resources in the extended family affects the accumulation of wealth among non-owners and how these resources subsequently affect transitioning into homeownership. Our findings show that economic conditions of the extended family have substantial effects on non-owners’ wealth accumulation and likelihood of becoming homeowners, even after adjusting for individual sociodemographic and economic characteristics. We find significant effects of extended-family wealth for both black and white households, but effects of extended-family income insufficiency for blacks only. Consequently, limited access to wealth and greater level of poverty in the extended family hamper blacks’ transition to homeownership. Our results show that the level of extended-family wealth necessary for black householders to equalize their likelihood of becoming homeowners with whites is very high. In fact, our findings indicate that white householders embedded in extended families with no net wealth are just as likely to make the transition to ownership as are black householders with affluent extended families. These findings support arguments related to the importance of extended-family resources in processes of residential attainment but also point to important racial differences in not only levels but also consequences of these family resources.
Bottlebrush Elastomers with Crystallizable Side Chains: Monolayer-like Structure of Backbones Segregated in Intercrystalline Regions
Creators: name: Dashtimoghadam, Erfan
name: Ivanov, Dimitri A.
name: Nikitina, Evgeniia A.
name: Sheiko, Sergei S.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024

description: Bottlebrush (BB) elastomers with water-soluble side chains and tissue-mimetic mechanical properties are promising for biomedical applications like tissue implants and drug depots. This work investigates the microstructure and phase transitions of BB elastomers with crystallizable polyethylene oxide (PEO) side chains by real-time synchrotron X-ray scattering. In the melt, the elastomers exhibit the characteristic BB peak corresponding to the backbone-to-backbone correlation. This peak is a distinct feature of BB systems and is observable in small- or medium-angle X-ray scattering curves. In the systems studied, the position of the BB peak ranges from 3.6 to 4.8 nm in BB elastomers. This variation is associated with the degree of polymerization of the polyethylene oxide (PEO) side chains, which ranges from 19 to 40. Upon crystallization of the side chains, the intensity of the peak decays linearly with crystallinity and eventually vanishes due to BB packing disordering within intercrystalline amorphous gaps. This behavior of the bottlebrush peak differs from an earlier study of BBs with poly(ε-caprolactone) side chains, explained by stronger backbone confinement in the case of PEO, a high-crystallinity polymer. Microstructural models based on 1D SAXS correlation function analysis suggest crystalline lamellae of PEO side chains separated by amorphous gaps of monolayer-like BB backbones.
Transparent subdiffraction optics: nanoscale light confinement without metal
Creators: name: Jahani, Saman
name: Jacob, Zubin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The integration of nanoscale electronics with conventional optical devices is restricted by the diffraction limit of light. Metals can confine light at the subwavelength scales needed, but they are lossy, while dielectric materials do not confine evanescent waves outside a waveguide or resonator, leading to cross talk between components. We introduce a paradigm shift in light confinement strategy and show that light can be confined below the diffraction limit using completely transparent artificial media. Our approach relies on controlling the optical momentum of evanescent waves, an important electromagnetic property overlooked in photonic devices. For practical applications, we propose a class of waveguides using this approach that outperforms the cross talk performance by 1 order of magnitude as compared to any existing photonic structure. Our work overcomes a critical stumbling block for nanophotonics by completely averting the use of metals and can impact electromagnetic devices from the visible to microwave frequency ranges.
Metropolitan influences on migration into poor and nonpoor neighborhoods
Creators: name: Crowder, Kyle
name: Pais, Jeremy
name: South, Scott J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and three decennial U.S. censuses are used to examine the influence of metropolitan-area characteristics on black and white households' propensity to move into poor versus nonpoor neighborhoods. We find that a nontrivial portion of the variance in the odds of moving to a poor rather to a nonpoor neighborhood exists between metropolitan areas. Net of established individual-level predictors of inter-neighborhood migration, black and white households are more likely to move to a poor or extremely poor tract rather than to a nonpoor tract in metropolitan areas containing many poor neighborhoods and a paucity of recently-built housing in nonpoor areas. Blacks are especially likely to move to a poor tract in metropolitan areas characterized by high levels of racial residential segregation and in which poor tracts have a sizeable concentration of blacks. White households are more likely to move to a poor than to a nonpoor tract in metropolitan areas that have comparatively few African Americans.
Chemobiosis reveals tardigrade tun formation is dependent on reversible cysteine oxidation
Creators: name: Daughtridge M.H.
name: Salas A.A.
name: Mubarek S.N.
name: Smythers A.L.
name: Hnilica M.E.
name: Lewis H.C.
name: Kolling D.R.J.
name: O’Dell H.M.
name: Stair E.R.
name: Crislip J.R.
name: Flinn B.B.
name: Hicks L.M.
name: Joseph K.M.
name: Clark T.A.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2024

description: Tardigrades, commonly known as ‘waterbears’, are eight-legged microscopic invertebrates renowned for their ability to withstand extreme stressors, including high osmotic pressure, freezing temperatures, and complete desiccation. Limb retraction and substantial decreases to their internal water stores results in the tun state, greatly increasing their ability to survive. Emergence from the tun state and/or activity regain follows stress removal, where resumption of life cycle occurs as if stasis never occurred. However, the mechanism (s) through which tardigrades initiate tun formation is yet to be uncovered. Herein, we use chemobiosis to demonstrate that tardigrade tun formation is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). We further reveal that tuns are dependent on reversible cysteine oxidation, and that this reversible cysteine oxidation is facilitated by the release of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). We provide the first empirical evidence of chemobiosis and map the initiation and survival of tardigrades via osmobiosis, chemobiosis, and cryobiosis. In vivo electron paramagnetic spectrometry suggests an intracellular release of reactive oxygen species following stress induction; when this release is quenched through the application of exogenous antioxidants, the tardigrades can no longer survive osmotic stress. Together, this work suggests a conserved dependence of reversible cysteine oxidation across distinct tardigrade cryptobioses.
Spatial and temporal dimensions of neighborhood effects on high school graduation
Creators: name: South, Scott J.
name: Crowder, Kyle
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Research into the effects of neighborhood characteristics on children’s behavior has burgeoned in recent years, but these studies have generally adopted a limited conceptualization of the spatial and temporal dimensions of neighborhood effects. We use longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and techniques of spatial data analysis to examine how both the socioeconomic characteristics of extralocal neighborhoods—neighborhoods surrounding the immediate neighborhood of residence—and the duration of exposure to disadvantaged neighborhoods throughout the childhood life course influence the likelihood of graduating from high school. Among blacks and whites, socioeconomic advantage in the immediate neighborhood increases the likelihood of completing high school, but among whites higher levels of socioeconomic advantage in extralocal neighborhoods decrease high school graduation rates. Extralocal neighborhood advantage suppresses the influence of advantage in the immediate neighborhood so that controlling for extralocal conditions provides stronger support for the neighborhood effects hypothesis than has previously been observed. Exposure to advantaged neighborhoods over the childhood life course exerts a stronger effect than point-in-time measures on high school graduation, and racial differences in exposure to advantaged neighbors over the childhood life course help to suppress a net black advantage in the likelihood of completing high school.
A Gauss-Bonnet-Chern theorem for complex Finsler manifolds
Creators: name: Zhao, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we establish a Gauss-Bonnet-Chern theorem for general closed complex Finsler manifolds.
Racconti all’insegna di Lemuel Gulliver. Le «Etnografie e popolazioni immaginate» de «Il semplice»
Creators: name: Maiolani, Michele
Publisher: name: Griseldaonline
Year: 2023

description: Il saggio si concentra sui racconti di etnografia fantastica inclusi nel secondo numero della rivista «Il semplice», scritti da Gianni Celati, Ginevra Bompiani, Ugo Cornia, Jean Talon, Stefano Benni e Henri Michaux. Dopo aver tracciato una panoramica della presenza dell’etnografia e dell’etnografia fantastica nella rivista, ho analizzato da vicino i rapporti di entrambi i generi con la letteratura di viaggio. Sono poi passato a considerare il ruolo cruciale dei Viaggi di Gulliver, evidenziando l’uso di diverse tipologie di straniamento di possibile derivazione swiftiana nei racconti raccolti nella rivista. Nell’ultimo paragrafo, ho concluso confrontando lo Gli Hiviniziki di Michaux con gli altri racconti brevi della sezione, evidenziando le continuità nel rappresentare il rapporto tra popolazioni immaginarie e ambiente.
description: Griseldaonline, Vol. 22 No. 1 (2023): Il semplice. Vite e voci di una rivista
Современные методы обследования и диагностики повышенной стираемости зубов
Creators: name: Степанов Дмитрий Алексеевич
name: Галкин Алексей Николаевич
name: Шпак Елена Игоревна
name: Корецкая Екатерина Александровна
Publisher: name: Вестник Пензенского государственного университета
Year: 2018
Subjects: МЕТОДЫ ДИАГНОСТИКИ
ПОВЫШЕННАЯ СТИРАЕМОСТЬ ЗУБОВ
АТОМНО-СИЛОВАЯ МИКРОСКОПИЯ
ЭЛЕКТРОННОЕ МИКРОЗОНДИРОВАНИЕ
МАСС-СПЕКТРОМЕТРИЯ
КОНУСНО-ЛУЧЕВАЯ КОМПЬЮТЕРНАЯ ТОМОГРАФИЯ
ГНАТОДИНАМОМЕТРИЯ

description: Посвящено анализу литературы, касающейся вопроса диагностики повышенной стираемости зубов. Отражены современные методики выявления патологической стираемости твердых тканей, представлены основные изменения, происходящие при интенсивной убыли эмали и дентина и служащие диагностическими критериями.
Housing crowding effects on children’s wellbeing
Creators: name: Solari, Claudia D.
name: Mare, Robert D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The degree to which children grow up in crowded housing is a neglected but potentially important aspect of social inequality. Poor living conditions can serve as a mechanism of social stratification, affecting children’s wellbeing and resulting in the intergenerational transmission of social inequality. This paper reports an investigation of housing crowding on children’s academic achievement, behavior, and health in the U.S. and Los Angeles, a city with atypically high levels of crowding. We use data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics’ Child Development Supplement and the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey to explore the effect of living in a crowded home on an array of child wellbeing indicators. We find that several dimensions of children’s wellbeing suffer when exposed to crowded living conditions, particularly in Los Angeles, even after controlling for socioeconomic status. The negative effects on children raised in crowded homes can persist throughout life, affecting their future socioeconomic status and adult wellbeing.
Los Angeles Times Poll # 450: Historical Aftermath of the 2000 Presidential Election
Creators: name: Los Angeles Times
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: President Bill Clinton job performance (2); economy (2); 2000 elections (11); Dick Cheney (1); George Bush (8); Al Gore (5); Supreme Court (6); Florida (5); media (13); Bush vs Gore (1); electoral college (2); Congress (3); tax cut (1); Social Security (1); education (1); standardized voting (2); politics (2).
Interferometry with independently prepared Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Wasak, T.
name: Szańkowski, P.
name: Chwedeńczuk, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that it is possible to reach the sub shot-noise sensitivity of the phase estimation using two independently prepared Bose-Einstein condensates as an input of an interferometer. In this scenario, the quantum correlations between the particles, which are necessary to beat the shot-noise limit, arise from the indistinguishability of bosons. Allowing for atom number fluctuations independently in each condensate, we calculate the ultimate bound of the sensitivity. Our main conclusion is that even in presence of major atom number fluctuations, an interferometer operating on two independent condensates can give very high sensitivity. We also show that the estimation from the measurement of the number of atoms utilizes these quantum correlations. This observation, in context of recent measurement of the Fisher information in a many-body system [H. Strobel {\it et al}, Science {\bf 345}, 424 (2014)], opens the way towards the construction of a new type of an interferometer operating below the shot-noise limit.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
OnResource Efficient Transfer Learning via End Task Aware Training
Creators: name: Dery, Lucio Mwinmaarong
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing not elsewhere classified

description: Transfer learning is a machine learning (ML) paradigm where performance on a  desired end task is improved by exploiting ”knowledge” from other tasks. The technique has become a critical workhorse driving many of the advances on the envelope  of capabilities of machine learning models. The current formula is relatively simple– train a large model on large amounts of data from the transfer task(s); then apply  the learned model either zero-shot or adapted to the desired downstream task(s).  
This thesis recognizes that these powerful models are not developed in-vacuo but rather require non-trivial resources to train and deploy. As such, there are a wide  range of salient problems and communities of researchers that the status-quo leaves  behind. In the first part of this thesis, we will focus on the training time problem of data-efficient transfer learning. We will begin by making a case for exploiting  advanced knowledge of the desired downstream task(s)– which is commonly the  case in many ML settings– to inform different dimensions of transfer learning. We  dub this end task aware transfer learning. Next, we will present a set of novel end  task aware optimization algorithms that bias the learning trajectory towards data efficient solutions with strong generalization on the end task. We will close this part  byproviding an automated approach to constructing and searching over task-relevant  transfer objectives when only end task data is available and in limited amounts.  
For the second section of this thesis, we will develop algorithms for compute  and memory efficient transfer learning. Our goal will be to deliver a small and  efficient yet performant task specific model for deployment seeded from a large,  generalist model that has already been pre-trained on a transfer task (or set of tasks).  Focusing on structured pruning as the technique for making models smaller, we  will investigate pruning under two resource constrained settings: (1) limited task  data, where we will exploit extra transfer tasks to learn pruning structures that, at  the same task performance, lead to more compute and memory efficient models (2)  settings of limited memory, where many of the classical pruning techniques break  down because they require gradient-based optimization which can have prohibitive  memory overhead.  
This thesis concludes by presenting more avenues for future work on resource efficient transfer learning by building on our past work and suggesting novel branches  of investigation.
«Urca, che paròli!»: nastrobiografie e dintorni
Creators: name: Narros, Jacopo
Publisher: name: Griseldaonline
Year: 2023

description: «Il semplice» ospita nelle sue pagine testi nati da registrazioni e sbobinature: si tratta di testi autobiografici, prevalentemente relativi alla vita dei pittori naïfs fino a pochi decenni fa attivi lungo le sponde del Po. Questi autori improvvisati parlano di sé dando forma verbale a un mondo personale ma riconoscibile; la vena di oralità di cui è fatto il loro racconto si incontra in modo congeniale con le modalità espressive delle altre voci presenti nella rivista.
description: Griseldaonline, Vol. 22 No. 1 (2023): Il semplice. Vite e voci di una rivista
Focus on topological quantum computation
Creators: name: Pachos, Jiannis K.
name: Simon, Steven H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological quantum computation started as a niche area of research aimed at employing particles with exotic statistics, called anyons, for performing quantum computation. Soon it evolved to include a wide variety of disciplines. Advances in the understanding of anyon properties inspired new quantum algorithms and helped in the characterisation of topological phases of matter and their experimental realisation. The conceptual appeal of topological systems as well as their promise for building fault-tolerant quantum technologies fuelled the fascination in this field. This `focus on' brings together several of the latest developments in the field and facilitates the synergy between different approaches.
description: 5 pages, Editorial for NJP Focus Issue on Topological Quantum Computation, some references added, minor modifications
Spatial variation in poverty-generating processes: Child poverty in the United States
Creators: name: Voss, Paul R.
name: Long, David D.
name: Curtis, Katherine J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: This study builds on research demonstrating that sub-regions within the United States have different processes that abet poverty and that child poverty is spatially differentiated. We focus on the social attributes of the local area to assess what the geographic place represents in terms of social characteristics, namely racial/ethnic composition and economic structure, and to resolve apparent inconsistencies in poverty research. Using spatial regime and spatial error regression techniques to analyze county census data, we examine spatial differentiation in the relationships that generate child poverty. Our approach addresses the conceptual and technical aspects of spatial inequality. Results show that local-area processes are at play with implications for more nuanced theoretical models and anti-poverty policies that consider systematic differences in factors contributing to child poverty according to the racial/ethnic and economic contexts.
Comparison of commercially available, rapid, point-of-care C-reactive protein assays among children with febrile illness in southwestern Uganda
Creators: name: Kibaba, Georget
name: Boyce, Ross M.
name: Mulogo, Edgar M.
name: Ciccone, Emily J.
name: Kabugho, Lydiah
name: Lin, Bradley
name: Juliano, Jonathan J.
name: Cassidy, Caitlin A.
name: Hollingsworth, Brandon
name: Baguma, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2024

description: In Uganda, children with febrile illness are often treated with antibiotics even though most have self-limiting, likely viral, infections. C-reactive protein (CRP) measurement can help identify those who are more likely to have a bacterial infection and therefore need antibiotic treatment. Implementation of a CRP rapid diagnostic test (RDT) at the point-of-care in resource-constrained settings with minimal laboratory infrastructure could reduce unnecessary antibiotic use. In this study, we evaluated the performance of three semi-quantitative CRP RDTs (Actim, BTNX, Duo) against a reference CRP assay requiring an electrically powered analyzer (Afinion). While both tests demonstrated substantial agreement with Afinion, Actim had slightly higher agreement than BTNX. The sensitivity was higher for the BTNX test, whereas the Actim test had a higher specificity, at cut-offs of 40 mg/L and 80 mg/L. At a cut-off of 20 mg/L, Duo demonstrated substantial agreement with the Afinion test as well. Our results demonstrate the reliability of CRP RDTs when compared to a reference standard. CRP RDTs without the need for a laboratory-based analyzer are promising tools for optimizing antibiotic use in low-resource settings.
The Ag...Ag dispersive interaction and exotic physical properties of Ag3Co(CN)6
Creators: name: Fang, Hong
name: Dove, Martin T.
name: Refson, Keith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a density functional theory (DFT) study of Ag3Co(CN)6, a material noted for its colossal positive and negative thermal expansion, and its giant negative linear compressibility. Here we explicitly include the dispersive interaction within the DFT calculation, and find that it is essential to reproduce the ground state, the high-pressure phase, and the phonons of this material; and hence essential to understand this material's remarkable physical properties. New exotic properties are predicted. These include heat enhancement of the negative linear compressibility, a large reduction in the coefficient of thermal expansion on compression with change of sign of the mode Grueneisen parameters under pressure, and large softening of the material on heating. Our results suggest that these are associated with the weak Ag...Ag dispersive interactions acting with an efficient hinging mechanism in the framework structure.
Period effects, cohort effects, and the narrowing gender wage gap
Creators: name: Pearlman, Jessica
name: Campbell, Colin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Despite the abundance of sociological research on the gender wage gap, questions remain. In particular, the role of cohorts is under investigated. Using data from the Current Population Survey, we use Age-Period-Cohort analysis to uniquely estimate age, period, and cohort effects on the gender wage gap. The narrowing of the gender wage gap that occurred between 1975 and 2009 is largely due to cohort effects. Since the mid-1990s, the gender wage gap has continued to close absent of period effects. While gains in female wages contributed to declines in the gender wage gap for cohorts born before 1950, for later cohorts the narrowing of the gender wage gap is primarily a result of declines in male wages.
«Il semplice», laboratorio di brevità
Creators: name: Raccis, Giacomo
Publisher: name: Griseldaonline
Year: 2023

description: In questo contributo si propone una prima analisi delle sperimentazioni intorno alle forme brevi del narrare realizzate nei sei numeri della rivista «Il semplice» (1995-1997). Dimensione statutaria e inevitabile della testualità di una rivista, la brevitas diventa in questo caso il vero e proprio ‘radicale cognitivo’ da cui discende la scelta di una sterminata varietà di tipologie testuali negli indici della rivista, dalle scritture pratiche ai microracconti o alle trascrizioni della viva voce di chi non c’è più. La forma breve è lo strumento di una battaglia condotta da Ermanno Cavazzoni, Gianni Celati, Daniele Benati e dagli altri curatori della rivista contro l’onnipotenza e l’onnipresenza conformista del romanzo, ma anche il terreno di espressione di una comune vocazione ‘repertoriale’ testimoniata dal Catalogo delle prose secondo la specie in apertura di ogni numero, che cela un’idea della letteratura come mappatura del mondo. Un’impresa capillare ed eccentrica, necessariamente imperfetta e per questo inesauribile.
description: Griseldaonline, Vol. 22 No. 1 (2023): Il semplice. Vite e voci di una rivista
title: The development of children’s egalitarianism in the context of group membership and resource valence
title: Die Entwicklung von Egalitarismus bei Kindern im Kontext von Gruppenzugehörigkeit und Ressourcenvalenz
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Zmyj, Norbert
name: Rausch, Anne
name: Schröder, Lisa
name: Seehagen, Sabine
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Egalitarianism
subject: Resource valence
subject: Children
subject: Sharing
subject: Ingroup bias
subject: Egalitarismus
subject: Ressourcenvalenz
subject: Kinder
subject: Teilen
subject: Eigengruppenpräferenz
subject: 150
subject: Egalitarismus
subject: Ressourcen
subject: Kind
subject: Gruppe
subject: Eigengruppe
subject: Präferenz
subject: Teilen

description: Children’s motivation for the egalitarian allocation of resources is reflected in their allocation of positive and negative resources between themselves and others. In the present study, 6- (n = 29) and 8-year-olds (n = 25) could choose between different allocations of positive and negative resources to themselves and others in a series of games. The other player was either an ingroup member or an outgroup member. Results revealed that, overall and irrespective of resource valence, 8-year-olds were more likely to choose an egalitarian allocation of resources than 6-year-olds. 8-year-olds also shared more positive resources with the outgroup member than 6-year-olds. Children’s egalitarianism is discussed in light of theories of prosocial development.
description: Die Motivation von Kindern, Ressourcen egalitär zu verteilen zeigt sich bei der Verteilung von positiven wie auch negativen Ressourcen zwischen sich selbst und anderen. In dieser Studie konnten 6- (n = 29) und 8-Jährige (n = 25) zwischen verschiedenen Verteilungen von positiven und negativen Ressourcen zwischen sich selbst und einem anderen Kind in einer Reihe von Spielen entscheiden. Das andere Kind war entweder ein Mitglied der Eigengruppe oder ein Mitglied einer Fremdgruppe. Als Ergebnis zeigte sich, dass 8-Jährige häufiger als 6-Jährige unabhängig von der Valenz der Ressource eine Gleichverteilung wählten. Des Weiteren teilten die 8-Jährigen häufiger als 6-Jährige positive Ressourcen egalitär zwischen sich und dem Kind der Fremdgruppe auf. Dieser Egalitarismus bei Kindern wird vor dem Hintergrund von Theorien zur Entwicklung prosozialen Verhaltens diskutiert.
description: Z. Entwicklungspsychol. Paedagog. Psychol.;54(3)
«Il ronzio delle parti in movimento». Maurizio Salabelle attraverso «Il semplice»
Creators: name: Farina, Michele
Publisher: name: Griseldaonline
Year: 2023

description: Il saggio ambisce ad approfondire la figura di Maurizio Salabelle (1959-2003), uno degli autori più misconosciuti della letteratura italiana degli anni Novanta del secolo scorso. Dopo aver fornito alcune precisazioni anagrafiche e aver ricostruito il contesto in cui si inserisce la sua parabola letteraria, il saggio esplora la poetica di Salabelle a partire dall’analisi dei testi pubblicati dall’autore sulla rivista «Il semplice». Nel fare questo, si cercheranno di enucleare i motivi di affinità fra l’autore e gli altri narratori antologizzati nella rivista, ma anche di sottolineare gli elementi di alterità che rendono Salabelle uno degli esempi di comicità letteraria più significativi nella letteratura italiana degli anni Novanta.
description: Griseldaonline, Vol. 22 No. 1 (2023): Il semplice. Vite e voci di una rivista
Modifications of Heavy-Flavor Spectra in $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=62.4~{\rm GeV}$ Au-Au Collisions
Creators: name: He, Min
name: Fries, Rainer J.
name: Rapp, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate open heavy-flavor (HF) production in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=62.4 GeV utilizing a nonperturbative transport approach as previously applied in nuclear collisions at top RHIC and LHC energies. The effects of hot QCD matter are treated in a strong-coupling framework, by implementing heavy-quark diffusion, hadronization and heavy-flavor meson diffusion within a hydrodynamic background evolution. Since in our approach the heavy-flavor coupling to the medium is strongest in the pseudo-critical region, it is of interest to test its consequences at lower collision energies where the sensitivity to this region should be enhanced relative to the hotter (early) fireball temperatures reached at top RHIC and LHC energies. We find that the suppression and flow pattern of the non-photonic electrons from heavy-flavor decays at 62.4 GeV emerges from an intricate interplay of thermalization and initial-state effects, in particular a Cronin enhancement which is known to become more pronounced toward lower collision energies.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Lepton Mixing from Delta (3 n^2) and Delta (6 n^2) and CP
Creators: name: Hagedorn, C.
name: Meroni, A.
name: Molinaro, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a detailed study of lepton mixing patterns arising from a scenario with three Majorana neutrinos in which a discrete flavor group Gf=Delta (3 n^2) or Gf=Delta(6 n^2) and a CP symmetry are broken to residual symmetries Ge=Z3 and Gnu=Z2 x CP in the charged lepton and neutrino sectors, respectively. While we consider all possible Z3 and Z2 generating elements, we focus on a certain set of CP transformations. The resulting lepton mixing depends on group theoretical indices and one continuous parameter. In order to study the mixing patterns comprehensively for all admitted Ge and Gnu, it is sufficient to discuss only three types of combinations. One of them requires as flavor group Delta (6 n^2). Two types of combinations lead to mixing patterns with a trimaximal column, while the third one allows for a much richer structure. For the first type of combinations the Dirac as well as one Majorana phase are trivial, whereas the other two ones predict in general all CP phases to be non-trivial and also non-maximal. Already for small values of the index n of the group, n <= 11, experimental data on lepton mixing can be accommodated well for particular choices of the parameters of the theory. We also comment on the relation of the used CP transformations to the automorphisms of Delta (3 n^2) and Delta (6 n^2).
description: 60 pages, 12 tables and 10 figures. v2: typos corrected, references updated, some minor improvement of the text, matches version accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics B