cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Inflation, space-borne interferometers and the expansion history of the Universe
Creators: name: Giovannini, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to the common wisdom, between a fraction of the mHz and few Hz the spectral energy density of the inflationary gravitons can be safely disregarded even assuming the most optimistic sensitivities of the space-borne detectors. In this analysis we show that this conclusion is evaded if, prior to nucleosynthesis, the post-inflationary evolution includes a sequence of stages expanding either faster or slower than radiation. As a consequence, contrary to the conventional lore, it is shown that below a fraction of the Hz the spectral energy density of the relic gravitons may exceed (even by eight orders of magnitude) the signal obtained under the hypothesis of radiation dominance throughout the whole expansion history prior to the formation of light nuclei. Since the slopes and the amplitudes of the spectra specifically reflect both the inflationary dynamics and the subsequent decelerated evolution, it is possible to disentangle the contribution of the relic gravitons from other (late-time) bursts of gravitational radiation associated, for instance, with a putative strongly first-order phase transition at the TeV scale. Hence, any limit on the spectral energy density of the relic gravitons in the mHz range simultaneously constrains the post-inflationary expansion history and the inflationary initial data.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures; added complementary remarks and related references
The $16$th Hilbert problem on algebraic limit cycles
Creators: name: Xiang, Zhang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34C05, 34C07, 37G15

description: For real planar polynomial differential systems there appeared a simple version of the $16$th Hilbert problem on algebraic limit cycles: {\it Is there an upper bound on the number of algebraic limit cycles of all polynomial vector fields of degree $m$?} In [J. Differential Equations, 248(2010), 1401--1409] Llibre, Ramírez and Sadovskia solved the problem, providing an exact upper bound, in the case of invariant algebraic curves generic for the vector fields, and they posed the following conjecture: {\it Is $1+(m-1)(m-2)/2$ the maximal number of algebraic limit cycles that a polynomial vector field of degree $m$ can have?} In this paper we will prove this conjecture for planar polynomial vector fields having only nodal invariant algebraic curves. This result includes the Llibre {\it et al}\,'s as a special one. For the polynomial vector fields having only non--dicritical invariant algebraic curves we answer the simple version of the 16th Hilbert problem.
description: 16. Journal Differential Equations, 2011
FastChem 2: An improved computer program to determine the gas-phase chemical equilibrium composition for arbitrary element distributions
Creators: name: Stock, Joachim W.
name: Kitzmann, Daniel
name: Patzer, A. Beate C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The computation of complex neutral/ionised chemical equilibrium compositions is invaluable to obtain scientific insights of, for example, the atmospheres of extrasolar planets and cool stars. We present FastChem 2, a new version of the established semi-analytical thermochemical equilibrium code FastChem. Whereas the original version is limited to atmospheres containing a significant amount of hydrogen, FastChem 2 is also applicable to chemical mixtures dominated by any other species, such as CO$_2$ or N$_2$. The new C++ code and an optional Python module are publicly available under the GPLv3 license at https://github.com/exoclime/FastChem. The program is backward compatible so that the previous version can be easily substituted. We updated the thermochemical database by adding HNC, FeH, TiH, Ca$^-$, and some organic molecules. In total 523 species are now in the thermochemical database including 28 chemical elements. The user can reduce the total number of species to, for example, increase the computation performance or can add further species if the thermochemical data are available. The program is validated against its previous version and extensively tested over an extended pressure-temperature grid with pressures ranging from $10^{-13}\,\mathrm{bar}$ up to $10^3\,\mathrm{bar}$ and temperatures between $100\,\mathrm{K}$ and $6000\,\mathrm{K}$. FastChem 2 is successfully applied to a number of different scenarios including nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen-dominated atmospheres as well as test cases without hydrogen and helium. Averaged over the extended pressure-temperature grid FastChem 2 is up to 50 times faster than the previous version and is also applicable to situations not treatable with version 1.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Detection and Isolation of Failures in Directed Networks of LTI Systems
Creators: name: Rahimian, Mohammad Amin
name: Preciado, Victor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a methodology to detect and isolate link failures in a weighted and directed network of identical multi-input multi-output LTI systems when only the output responses of a subset of nodes are available. Our method is based on the observation of jump discontinuities in the output derivatives, which can be explicitly related to the occurrence of link failures. The order of the derivative at which the jump is observed is given by $r(d+1)$, where $r$ is the relative degree of each system's transfer matrix, and $d$ denotes the distance from the location of the failure to the observation point. We then propose detection and isolation strategies based on this relation. Furthermore, we propose an efficient algorithm for sensor placement to detect and isolate any possible link failure using a small number of sensors. Available results from the theory of sub-modular set functions provide us with performance guarantees that bound the size of the chosen sensor set within a logarithmic factor of the smallest feasible set of sensors. These results are illustrated through elaborative examples and supplemented by computer experiments.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1309.5540. appears in IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems, 2015
Strain modulation of photocurrent in Weyl semimetal TaIrTe4
Creators: name: Ding, Ying
name: Wang, XinRu
name: Liao, LieHong
name: Chen, XinYu
name: Zhang, JiaYan
name: Wang, YueYue
name: Ying, Hao
name: Li, Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of the strain on the energy bands of TaIrTe4 sheet and the photocurrent in the Cu-TaIrTe4-Cu heterojunction by using the quantum transport simulations. It is found that the Weyl points can be completely broken with increasing of the strain along z dirction. One can obtain a large photocurrent in the Cu-TaIrTe4-Cu heterojunction in the absence of the strain. While the photocurrent can be sharply enhanced by the strain and reach a large value. Accordingly, the maximum values of the photocurrent can be explained in terms of the transitions between peaks of density of states and band structures. The strain-induced energy bands and photocurrent exhibit anisotropic behaviors. Our results provide a novel route to effectively modulate the energy bands and the photocurrent by utilizing mechanical methods for TaIrTe4-based devices.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures
A model program for providing health services for migrant farmworker mothers and children.
Creators: name: Watkins, E
name: Larson, K
name: Young, S
name: Harlan, C
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1990

description: A bilingual, multidisciplinary team of health professionals collaborated with a migrant health center in North Carolina to develop a model program to deliver primary health care services to migrant farmworker women and children. The program included case finding and outreach, coordination of maternal and child health services locally as well as interstate, and innovative health education programming. Data were collected on the health status of 359 pregnant migrant farmworker women and 560 children, ages birth to 5 years, the majority of Mexican descent, who received primary care services at the center. The mean age of the women was 23.1 years and their mean gravidity was 2.9. Dietary assessments showed that the protein intakes of most met or exceeded the U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowances, but their consumption of foods in the milk-dairy group and the fruit-vegetable group was below recommended standards. Low hematocrit was a common problem among the women (43 percent) and, to a lesser extent, among the children (26 percent). Among the infants and children, 18 percent were obese. Black American women had the highest proportion of low birth weight infants. The project emphasized coordinated services for migrant farmworker mothers and children, such as transportation services, language translation, followup, and advocacy. An outreach strategy involved case finding, home visits, and services by lay health advisors. By the third year of the project, there were increases in the average number of prenatal visits, the proportion of women entering prenatal care in their first trimester, and in the use of well-child services. The project demonstrated effective methods for delivering culturally appropriate health care services to migrant farmworkermothers and children using bilingual public health professionals.
Measurement of the total cross section from elastic scattering in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement of the total $pp$ cross section at the LHC at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV is presented. In a special run with high-$β^{\star}$ beam optics, an integrated luminosity of 80 $μ$b$^{-1}$ was accumulated in order to measure the differential elastic cross section as a function of the Mandelstam momentum transfer variable $t$. The measurement is performed with the ALFA sub-detector of ATLAS. Using a fit to the differential elastic cross section in the $|t|$ range from 0.01 GeV$^2$ to 0.1 GeV$^2$ to extrapolate to $|t|\rightarrow 0$, the total cross section, $σ_{\mathrm{tot}}(pp\rightarrow X)$, is measured via the optical theorem to be: $$σ_{\mathrm{tot}}(pp\rightarrow X) = 95.35 \; \pm 0.38 \; ({\mbox{stat.}}) \pm 1.25 \; ({\mbox{exp.}}) \pm 0.37 \; (\mbox{extr.}) \; \mbox{mb},$$ where the first error is statistical, the second accounts for all experimental systematic uncertainties and the last is related to uncertainties in the extrapolation to $|t|\rightarrow 0$. In addition, the slope of the elastic cross section at small $|t|$ is determined to be $B = 19.73 \pm 0.14 \; ({\mbox{stat.}}) \pm 0.26 \; ({\mbox{syst.}}) \; \mbox{GeV}^{-2}$.
description: 38 pages plus author list + cover pages (54 pages total), 21 figures, 11 tables, submitted to Nuclear Physics B, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2013-10/
Problems in estimating the number of women in need of subsidized prenatal care.
Creators: name: Siegel, E
name: Buescher, P
name: Peoples-Sheps, M
name: Guild, P
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1991

description: For effective allocation of resources, public program planners need to know how many women require subsidized prenatal care and where they are located. Because sample surveys are expensive, indirect methods of estimation using secondary data sources are frequently used to arrive at quick annual estimates. Census data on poverty are often incorporated into such methods, but out study of the eight southeast States in Federal Region IV shows that available census data severely underestimate the proportion of pregnant women who are poor. Updated poverty data from the 1990 census will not solve this problem of underestimation. Alternative methods for estimating the number of women in need of subsidized prenatal care services, for measuring unmet need, and for doing estimates on the county level are presented and evaluated. Such considerations are especially important, given the new Title V block grant reporting requirements.
Applying total quality management concepts to public health organizations
Creators: name: SIMPSON, K
name: MCLAUGHLIN, C.
name: KALUZNY, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: Total quality management (TQM) is a participative, systematic approach to planning and implementing a continuous organizational improvement process. Its approach is focused on satisfying customers' expectations, identifying problems, building commitment, and promoting open decision-making among workers. TQM applies analytical tools, such as flow and statistical charts and check sheets, to gather data about activities within an organization. TQM uses process techniques, such as nominal groups, brainstorming, and consensus forming to facilitate communication and decision making.Total quality management (TQM) is a participative, systematic approach to planning and implementing a continuous organizational improvement process. Its approach is focused on satisfying customers' expectations, identifying problems, building commitment, and promoting open decision-making among workers. TQM applies analytical tools, such as flow and statistical charts and check sheets, to gather data about activities within an organization. TQM uses process techniques, such as nominal groups, brainstorming, and consensus forming to facilitate communication and decision making.
Self-probed ptychography from semiconductor high-harmonic generation
Creators: name: Fröhlich, Sven
name: Liu, Xu
name: Hamdou, Aimrane
name: Meunier, Alric
name: Hussain, Mukhtar
name: Carole, Mathieu
name: Kaassamani, Shatha
name: Froidevaux, Marie
name: Lavoute, Laure
name: Gaponov, Dmitry
name: Ducros, Nicolas
name: Fevrier, Sebastien
name: Zeitoun, Philippe
name: Kovacev, Milutin
name: Fajardo, Marta
name: Boutu, Willem
name: Gauthier, David
name: Merdji, Hamed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a method to image an object using a self-probing approach based on semiconductor high-harmonic generation. On one hand, ptychography enables high-resolution imaging from the coherent light diffracted by an object. On the other hand, high-harmonic generation from crystals is emerging as a new source of extreme-ultraviolet ultrafast coherent light. We combine these two techniques by performing ptychography measurements with nano-patterned crystals serving as the object as well as the generation medium of the harmonics. We demonstrate that this strong field in situ approach can provide structural information about the object. With the future developments of crystal high harmonics as a compact short-wavelength light source, our demonstration can be an innovative approach for nanoscale imaging of photonic and electronic devices in research and industry.
Histogram-Based Flash Channel Estimation
Creators: name: Wang, Haobo
name: Chen, Tsung-Yi
name: Wesel, Richard D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Current generation Flash devices experience significant read-channel degradation from damage to the oxide layer during program and erase operations. Information about the read-channel degradation drives advanced signal processing methods in Flash to mitigate its effect. In this context, channel estimation must be ongoing since channel degradation evolves over time and as a function of the number of program/erase (P/E) cycles. This paper proposes a framework for ongoing model-based channel estimation using limited channel measurements (reads). This paper uses a channel model characterizing degradation resulting from retention time and the amount of charge programmed and erased. For channel histogram measurements, bin selection to achieve approximately equal-probability bins yields a good approximation to the original distribution using only ten bins (i.e. nine reads). With the channel model and binning strategy in place, this paper explores candidate numerical least squares algorithms and ultimately demonstrates the effectiveness of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm which provides both speed and accuracy.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures, Submitted to the IEEE International Communications Conference (ICC) 2015
Increasing participation by private physicians in the EPSDT Program in rural North Carolina.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: This study evaluated a method to increase physicians' participation in Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment (EPSDT), a preventive health care program for Medicaid eligible children. Use of EPSDT can improve children's health status and reduce health care costs. Although the potential benefits of EPSDT are clear, the program is underused; low rates of participation by private physicians contribute to underuse. This study targeted a population of 73 primary care physicians in six rural counties in North Carolina where the physician supply, their participation in EPSDT, and use of EPSDT were low. A mailed intervention packet attempted to address barriers to participation perceived by private providers. The packet consisted of a carefully constructed letter, an informative journal article, and an educational pamphlet. Participation in EPSDT screening increased from 15 to 25 private physicians (67 percent), at a cost, on average, of less than $30 per recruited provider. Suggestions are presented for adapting the intervention packet to other settings
Master equation approach for transport through Majorana zero modes
Creators: name: Jin, Jinshuang
name: Li, Xin-Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on an exact formulation, we present a master equation approach to transport through Majorana zero modes (MZMs). Within the master equation treatment, the occupation dynamics of the regular fermion associated with the MZMs holds a quite different picture from the BdG S-matrix scattering process, in which the "positive" and "negative" energy states are employed, while the master equation treatment does not involve them at all. Via careful analysis for the structure of the rates and the rate processes governed by the master equation, we reveal the intrinsic connection between both approaches. This connection enables us to better understand the confusing issue of teleportation when the Majorana coupling vanishes. We illustrate the behaviors of transient rates, occupation dynamics and currents. Through the bias voltage dependence, we also show the Markovian condition for the rates, which can extremely simplify the applications in practice. As future perspective, the master equation approach developed in this work can be applied to study important time-dependent phenomena such as photon-assisted tunneling through the MZMs and modulation effect of the Majorana coupling energy.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Case study of the integration of a local health department and a community health center
Creators: name: RICKETTS, T.
name: MORRISEY, J.
name: LAMBREW, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: As rural communities struggle to sustain health services locally, innovative alternatives to traditional programs are being developed. A significant adaptation is the rural health network or alliance that links local health departments and community health centers. The authors describe how a rural local health department and community health center, the core organisations in publicly sponsored primary care, came to share a building and administrative and service activities. Both the details of this alliance and its development are examined. The case history reveals that circumstance and State involvement were the catalysts,for senice integration, more so than the need,for or the benefits of the arrangement.As rural communities struggle to sustain health services locally, innovative alternatives to traditional programs are being developed. A significant adaptation is the rural health network or alliance that links local health departments and community health centers. The authors describe how a rural local health department and community health center, the core organisations in publicly sponsored primary care, came to share a building and administrative and service activities. Both the details of this alliance and its development are examined. The case history reveals that circumstance and State involvement were the catalysts,for senice integration, more so than the need,for or the benefits of the arrangement.
The Longest Delay: a 14.5 Yr Campaign to Determine the Third Time Delay in the Lensing Cluster SDSS~J1004+4112
Creators: name: Muñoz, J. A.
name: Kochanek, C. S.
name: Fohlmeister, J.
name: Wambsganss, J.
name: Falco, E.
name: Forés-Toribio, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new light curves for the four bright images of the five image cluster-lensed quasar gravitational lens system SDSS~J1004+4112. The light curves span 14.5 yr and allow measurement of the time delay between the trailing bright quasar image D and the leading image C. When we fit all four light curves simultaneously and combine the models using the Bayes information criterion, we find a time delay of $Δt_{DC}= 2458.47 \pm 1.02$ days (6.73 yr), the longest ever measured for a gravitational lens. For the other two independent time delays we obtain $Δt_{BC}=782.20 \pm 0.43$ days (2.14 yr) and $Δt_{AC}= 825.23 \pm 0.46$ days (2.26 yr), in agreement with previous results. The information criterion is needed to weight the results for light curve models with different polynomial orders for the intrinsic variability and the effects of differential microlensing. The results using the Akaike information criterion are slightly different, but, in practice, the absolute delay errors are all dominated by the $\sim 4\%$ cosmic variance in the delays rather than the statistical or systematic measurement uncertainties. Despite the lens being a cluster, the quasar images show slow differential variability due to microlensing at the level of a few tenths of a magnitude.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures. ApJ in press
Cooling mechanical resonators to quantum ground state from room temperature
Creators: name: Liu, Yong-Chun
name: Liu, Rui-Shan
name: Dong, Chun-Hua
name: Li, Yan
name: Gong, Qihuang
name: Xiao, Yun-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ground-state cooling of mesoscopic mechanical resonators is a fundamental requirement for test of quantum theory and for implementation of quantum information. We analyze the cavity optomechanical cooling limits in the intermediate coupling regime, where the light-enhanced optomechanical coupling strength is comparable with the cavity decay rate. It is found that in this regime the cooling breaks through the limits in both the strong and weak coupling regimes. The lowest cooling limit is derived analytically at the optimal conditions of cavity decay rate and coupling strength. In essence, cooling to the quantum ground state requires $Q_{\mathrm{m}}>2.4n_{\mathrm{th}% }$, with $Q_{\mathrm{m}}$ being the mechanical quality factor and $n_{\mathrm{th}}$ being the thermal phonon number. Remarkably, ground-state cooling is achievable starting from room temperature, when mechanical $Q$-frequency product $Q_{\mathrm{m}}{ν>1.5}\times10^{13}$, and both of the cavity decay rate and the coupling strength exceed the thermal decoherence rate. Our study provides a general framework for optimizing the backaction cooling of mesoscopic mechanical resonators.
The impact of critical events of the 1980s on core functions for a selected group of local health departments.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: Directors of 14 public health departments were surveyed for their perceptions on the impact of 20 critical events of the 1980s on public health performance. The departments were selected in 1979 from among those that were highly regarded by public health experts for exemplary performance, especially with regard to personal health services. The departments were the subjects of intensive case studies in 1979, 1983, and again in 1992. The public health functions that were most benefited in the 1980s were assessment and policy development. The assurance function was equivocally affected. Greatest positive impact was exerted by the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-human immunodeficiency virus epidemic, by increase in fee income, and by the Institute of Medicine report, "The Future of Public Health." Negative influences, especially on the assurance function were exerted by loss of Federal grants, demographic changes, substance abuse, and economic downturn. Other critical events had equivocal or idiosyncratic effects. Analysis of public health practice according to the functions of assessment, policy development, and assurance appears to have utility for purposes of evaluation and planning.
A rural-urban comparative study of nonphysician providers in community and migrant health centers.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: This is a study of the employment of nonphysician providers--nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and certified nurse midwives--in both rural and urban Community and Migrant Health Centers and of factors associated with their employment, based on a 1991 national survey of 383 Centers. Results of the survey suggest that nonphysician providers, in particular nurse practitioners and certified nurse midwives, primarily serve as physician substitutes, and are more likely to be employed by Centers that are larger and have affiliations with nonphysician provider training programs. Rural or urban location is not significantly related to the employment of nonphysician providers after controlling for center size. The fact that rural centers employ fewer nonphysician providers than urban centers can primarily be accounted for by their relatively small size, rather than a lack of interest. These findings demonstrate that the use of nonphysician providers is an important way both to achieve cost containment and improve access to primary care for those residing in medically underserved areas.
Generalized rational first integrals of analytic differential systems
Creators: name: Cong, Wang
name: Llibre, Jaume
name: Zhang, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34A34, 34C05, 34C14

description: In this paper we mainly study the necessary conditions for the existence of functionally independent generalized rational first integrals of ordinary differential systems via the resonances. The main results extend some of the previous related ones, for instance the classical Poincaré's one \cite{Po}, the Furta's one, part of Chen's ones, and the Shi's one. The key point in the proof of our main results is that functionally independence of generalized rational functions implies the functionally independence of their lowest order rational homogeneous terms.
description: 22. Journal of Differential Equations, 2011
Enabling Open Science practices in Helmholtz!
Creators: name: Schrader, Antonia
name: Bertelmann, Roland
name: Bruch, Christoph
name: Ferguson, Lea Maria
name: Pampel, Heinz
name: Schultze-Motel, Paul
name: Weisweiler, Nina Leonie
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2022
Subjects: open science
open research data
FAIR
open access
open research software

description: HMC conference 2022, ; doi:10.5281/ZENODO.7120472
description: The Helmholtz Open Science Office (OS Office) embraces this mission since it was founded by the Helmholtz Association in 2005. It supports the Helmholtz Association as a service provider in shaping the cultural change towards open science. Furthermore, it promotes dialogue on open science within and beyond Helmholtz and regularly offers events on open science developments to provide impulses and guidelines for the Helmholtz Association. In the area of open research data, the Helmholtz Open Science Office supports the Helmholtz Centers in developing policies and implementing corresponding practices for handling digital research data. Furthermore, the OS Office supports the discussion on the re-use and thus also reproducibility of research data in Helmholtz and the interdisciplinary exchange in this field. The National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI) and the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) represent central infrastructures in this context. Numerous NFDI consortia are being implemented with substantial Helmholtz participation, and Helmholtz Centers are also actively involved in the implementation of the EOSC. The OS Office actively animates and supports these activities. Helmholtz's participation in the international Research Data Alliance (RDA) and in Research Data Alliance Germany (RDA-DE) is also accompanied and coordinated by the Helmholtz Open Science Office. Moreover, the OS Office is active in third-party funded projects on open research data and persistent identifiers, such as re3data COREF and ORCID DE . The work of the Helmholtz Open Science Office thus complements the developments of platforms in the Helmholtz Incubator and contributes to the utilization of the FAIR principles in Helmholtz, such as the Helmholtz Metadata Collaboration (HMC) .
Sequential Monte Carlo samplers for semilinear inverse problems and application to magnetoencephalography
Creators: name: Sommariva, Sara
name: Sorrentino, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We discuss the use of a recent class of sequential Monte Carlo methods for solving inverse problems characterized by a semi-linear structure, i.e. where the data depend linearly on a subset of variables and nonlinearly on the remaining ones. In this type of problems, under proper Gaussian assumptions one can marginalize the linear variables. This means that the Monte Carlo procedure needs only to be applied to the nonlinear variables, while the linear ones can be treated analytically; as a result, the Monte Carlo variance and/or the computational cost decrease. We use this approach to solve the inverse problem of magnetoencephalography, with a multi-dipole model for the sources. Here, data depend nonlinearly on the number of sources and their locations, and depend linearly on their current vectors. The semi-analytic approach enables us to estimate the number of dipoles and their location from a whole time-series, rather than a single time point, while keeping a low computational cost.
description: 26 pages, 6 figures
Comparing mothers' reports on the content of prenatal care received with recommended national guidelines for care.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: The Public Health Service's Expert Panel on the Content of Prenatal Care Report in 1989 provided detailed guidelines for the components of each prenatal visit. However, the extent to which women were receiving the recommended care when the guidelines were being formulated has yet to be determined. The 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey results permit an examination of the proportion of women who reported receiving some of the recommended procedures.
Star formation quenching in simulated group and cluster galaxies: When, how, and why?
Creators: name: Bahe, Yannick M.
name: McCarthy, Ian G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Star formation is observed to be suppressed in group and cluster galaxies compared to the field. To gain insight into the quenching process, we have analysed ~2000 galaxies formed in the GIMIC suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. The time of quenching varies from ~2 Gyr before accretion (first crossing of r200,c) to >4 Gyr after, depending on satellite and host mass. Once begun, quenching is rapid (>~ 500 Myr) in low-mass galaxies (M* < 10^10 M_Sun), but significantly more protracted for more massive satellites. The simulations predict a substantial role of outflows driven by ram pressure -- but not tidal forces -- in removing the star-forming interstellar matter (ISM) from satellite galaxies, especially dwarfs (M* ~ 10^9 M_Sun) where they account for nearly two thirds of ISM loss in both groups and clusters. Immediately before quenching is complete, this fraction rises to ~80% even for Milky Way analogues (M* ~ 10^10.5 M_Sun) in groups (M_host ~ 10^13.5 M_Sun). We show that (i) ISM stripping was significantly more effective at early times than at z = 0; (ii) approximately half the gas is stripped from `galactic fountains' and half directly from the star forming disk; (iii) galaxies undergoing stripping experience ram pressure up to ~100 times the average at a given group/cluster-centric radius, because they are preferentially located in overdense ICM regions. Remarkably, stripping causes at most half the loss of the extended gas haloes surrounding our simulated satellites. These results contrast sharply with the current picture of strangulation -- removal of the ISM through star formation after stripping of the hot halo -- being the dominant mechanism quenching group and cluster satellites.
description: 24 pages, 21 figures; accepted by MNRAS
Combining advanced photoelectron spectroscopy approaches to analyse deeply buried GaP(As)/Si(100) interfaces: Interfacial chemical states and complete band energy diagrams
Creators: name: Romanyuk, O.
name: Paszuk, A.
name: Gordeev, I.
name: Wilks, R. G.
name: Ueda, S.
name: Hartmann, C.
name: Félix, R.
name: Bär, M.
name: Schlueter, C.
name: Gloskovskii, A.
name: Bartoš, I.
name: Nandy, M.
name: Houdková, J.
name: Jiříček, P.
name: Jaegermann, W.
name: Hofmann, J. P.
name: Hannappel, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The epitaxial growth of the polar GaP(100) on the nonpolar Si(100) substrate suffers from inevitable defects at the antiphase domain boundaries, resulting from mono-atomic steps on the Si(100) surface. Stabilization of Si(100) substrate surfaces with arsenic is a promising technological step enabling the preparation of Si substrates with double atomic steps and reduced density of the APDs. In this paper, 4-50 nm thick GaP epitaxial films were grown on As-terminated Si(100) substrates with different types of doping, miscuts, and As-surface termination by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The GaP(As)/Si(100) heterostructures were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) combined with gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) sputtering and by hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). We found residuals of arsenic atoms in the GaP lattice (0.2-0.3 at.%) and a localization of As atoms at the GaP(As)/Si(100) interface (1 at.%). Deconvolution of core level peaks revealed interface core level shifts. In As core levels, chemical shifts between 0.5-0.8 eV were measured and identified by angle-resolved XPS measurements. Similar valence band offset (VBO) values of 0.6 eV were obtained, regardless of the doping type of Si substrate, Si substrate miscut or type of As-terminated Si substrate surface. The band alignment diagram of the heterostructure was deduced.
HIV prevention in prisons and jails: obstacles and opportunities.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: High rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among jail and prison inmates suggest that HIV prevention efforts should focus on incarcerated populations. Overcrowding, the high prevalence of injection drug use, and other high-risk behaviors among inmates create a prime opportunity for public health officials to affect the course of the HIV epidemic if they can remedy these problems. Yet, along with the opportunity, there are certain obstacles that correctional institutions present to public health efforts. The various jurisdictions have differing approaches to HIV prevention and control.
Discrete-time Rigid Body Pose Estimation based on Lagrange-d'Alembert principle
Creators: name: Bhatt, Maulik
name: Sukumar, Srikant
name: Sanyal, Amit K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The problem of rigid body pose estimation is treated in discrete-time via discrete Lagrange-d'Alembert principle and discrete Lyapunov methods. The position and attitude of the rigid body are to be estimated simultaneously with the help of vision and inertial sensors. For the discrete-time estimation of pose, the continuous-time rigid body kinematics equations are discretized appropriately. We approach the pose estimation problem as minimising the energies stored in the errors of estimated quantities. With the help of measurements obtained through optical sensors, artificial rotational and translation potential energy-like terms have been designed. Similarly, artificial rotational and translation kinetic energy-like terms have been devised using inertial sensor measurements. This allows us to construct a discrete-time Lagrangian as the difference of the kinetic and potential energy like terms, to which a Lagrange-d'Alembert principle is applied to obtain an optimal pose estimation filter. The dissipation terms in the optimal filter are designed through discrete-Lyapunov analysis on a suitably constructed Morse-Lyapunov function and the overall scheme is proven to be almost globally asymptotically stable. The filtering scheme is simulated using noisy sensor data to verify the theoretical properties.
Rehabilitation in the nursing home: how much, why, and with what results.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: Although rehabilitation is considered an important component of long-term care, few studies have looked at the factors associated with the provision of rehabilitation in this setting. The authors examined one State's skilled nursing homes to gain information on their rehabilitation practices. Data for this study came from a mail survey and from the licensing applications filed with the State Division of Facility Services. Sixty-nine percent of the State's nursing homes responded to the survey.
Survey of exposure to violence among the children of migrant and seasonal farm workers.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: Numerous children of migrant and seasonal farm workers live in rural areas of our country. The lifestyles and living conditions of farm workers place the children of these families at high risk for many health problems. However, few studies have focused on the emotional and behavioral well-being of these children. This study extends past research by examining the emotional and behavioral health of the children of farm workers in relation to a potentially risky environmental exposure, namely, exposure to violence. In this descriptive study, the extent of violence exposure, including being a witness to and a victim of violence, is examined among 8-11-year-old children of migrant and seasonal farm workers. Potential relationships between sociodemographic factors and violence exposure are examined, and associations between violence exposure and children's emotional and behavioral problems, and weapon carrying behavior are investigated. The results show that more than half of the study children had been exposed to violence, with 46 percent having witnessed violence among others and 19 percent having been the direct victims of violence. There was a fair degree of overlap between having witnessed violence and having been a victim of violence; 13 percent of all study children both witnessed and had been victims of violence, 33 percent only had witnessed violence, and 6 percent only had been victims of violence. Violence exposure was positively related to children's emotional problems, behavioral problems, and weapon carrying behavior. Compared to non exposed children, violence exposed children were eight times more likely to evidence internalizing problems, were six times more likely to evidence externalizing problems, and were four times more likely to carry weapons (specifically, knives or guns).These findings suggest that there is a need for further research on this high-risk population, as well as the need to develop and implement innovative public health interventions for rural children.
The embedding flows of $C^\infty$ hyperbolic diffeomorphisms
Creators: name: Xiang, Zhang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34A34, 34C20, 34C41, 37G05

description: In [{\it American J. Mathematics}, 124(2002), 107--127] we proved that for a germ of $C^\infty$ hyperbolic diffeomorphisms $F(x)=Ax+f(x)$ in $(\mathbb R^n,0)$, if $A$ has a real logarithm with its eigenvalues weakly nonresonant, then $F(x)$ can be embedded in a $C^\infty$ autonomous differential system. Its proof was very complicated, which involved the existence of embedding periodic vector field of $F(x)$ and the extension of the Floquet's theory to nonlinear $C^\infty$ periodic differential systems. In this paper we shall provide a simple and direct proof to this last result. Next we shall show that the weakly nonresonant condition in the last result on the real logarithm of $A$ is necessary for some $C^\infty$ diffeomorphisms $F(x)=Ax+f(x)$ to have $C^\infty$ embedding flows. Finally we shall prove that a germ of $C^\infty$ hyperbolic diffeomorphisms $F(x)=Ax+f(x)$ with $f(x)=O(|x|^2)$ in $(\mathbb R^2,0)$ has a $C^\infty$ embedding flow if and only if either $A$ has no negative eigenvalues or $A$ has two equal negative eigenvalues and it can be diagonalizable.
description: 23. Journal of Differential Equations, 2011
Extracting Hale Cycle Related Components from Cosmic-Ray Data Using Principal Component Analysis
Creators: name: Takalo, Jouni J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We decompose the monthly cosmic-ray data, using several neutron monitor count rates, of Cycles 19-24 with principal component analysis (PCA). We show using different cycle limits that the first and second PC of cosmic-ray (CR) data explain 77-79% and 13-15% of the total variation of the Oulu CR Cycles 20-24 (C20- C24), 73-77% and 13-17% of the variation of Hermanus C20-C24, and 74-78% and 17-21% of the Climax C19-C22, respectively. The PC1 time series of the CR Cycles 19-24 has only one peak in its power spectrum at the period 10.95 years, which is the average solar cycle period for the interval SC19-SC24. The PC2 time series of the same cycles has a clear peak at period 21.90 (Hale cycle) and another peak at 1/3 of that period with no peak at the solar cycle period. We show that the PC2 of the CR is essential in explaining the differences in the intensities of the even and odd cycles of the CR. The odd cycles have positive phase in the first half and negative phase in the second half of their PC2. This leads to slow decrease of the intensity in the beginning of the cycle and at minimum for the odd cycles. On the contrary, for the even cycles the phases are vice versa and this leads to faster decrease and more rapid recovery in the CR intensity of the cycle. As a consequence the even cycles have more peak-like structure. The only exceptions of this rule are Cycles 23 and 24 such the former has almost zero line PC2, and the latter has similar PC2 than the earlier odd cycles. These results are confirmed with skewness-kurtosis (S-K) analysis. Furthermore, S-K shows that other even and odd cycles, except Cycle 21, are on the regression line with correlation coefficient 0.85. The Cycles 21 of all calculated eight stations are compactly located in the S -K coordinate system and have smaller skewnesses and higher kurtoses than the odd Cycles 23.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures, accepted to Solar Physics
title: Book review : Plummer, Deborah M. (2017). Inspiring and Creative Ideas For Working with Children, How to Build Relationships and Enable Change. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, ISBN 978184956519
Creators: name: O'Neill, Linda
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2017

description: At first look, from a children's services worker's perspective, this looks like a 'pick up and play' kind of book. It has a colourful illustrated cover with lots of child-style drawings and words — myriads of which I had when I worked in schools — that contain bite-sized activities any group worker can pick up, quickly read and deliver a fun and engaging activity for children. Close attention should be paid to the tagline 'How to Build Relationships and Enable Change' though, because this is the substance of this easy to read and digestible book.