cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Estimated Minimum Savings to a State’s Medicaid Budget by Implementing a Primary Seat Belt Law: Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, and Missouri  [Traffic Tech]
title: Traffic Tech: Estimated Minimum Savings to a State’s Medicaid Budget by Implementing a Primary Seat Belt Law: Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, and Missouri
Traffic Safety Facts no. 323 (March 2007)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Publisher: name: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04gcfqs37
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2007
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/93812
subject: Manual safety belts
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/88916
subject: State laws
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90859
subject: Medical services
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/88674
subject: Costs
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91474
subject: Savings

description: 2 p. : ill.;Traffic tech No. 323 (March 2007)
description: For front seat occupants of passenger cars, seat belts can reduce the risk of death by 45% and the risk of serious non-fatal injuries by 50%. One method proven to be successful in increasing belt use is enacting primary seat belt laws in States. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, passing a primary law can increase seat belt use rates among non-users by 40%. A primary seat belt law allows a police officer to issue a seat belt citation whenever they observe an unbelted front seat occupant. A secondary law allows police to only issue a seat belt citation if the vehicle has been stopped for another violation. Currently, only 25 States have primary laws. A 2003 study estimated that if all States had primary laws from 1995 to 2002, over 12,000 lives would have been saved. Failure to implement a primary belt law creates a real cost to a State’s budget for Medicaid and other State medical expenditures. NHTSA contracted with Preusser Research Group to examine the minimum estimated savings on direct medical costs paid through Medicaid if primary belt laws were implemented in four States: Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, and Missouri.
Non-factorizable Joint Probabilities and Evolutionarily Stable Strategies in the Quantum Prisoner's Dilemma Game
Creators: name: Iqbal, Azhar
name: Abbott, Derek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The well known refinement of the Nash Equilibrium (NE) called an Evolutionarily Stable Strategy (ESS) is investigated in the quantum Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) game that is played using an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen type setting. Earlier results report that in this scheme the classical NE remains intact as the unique solution of the quantum PD game. In contrast, we show here that interestingly in this scheme a non-classical solution for the ESS emerges for the quantum PD.
description: 9 pages, no figure
Supplementary Appendix from Human locomotion over obstacles reveals real-time prediction of energy expenditure for optimized decision-making
Creators: name: Daniels, Katherine A. J.
name: Burn, J. F.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Figures S1 and S2; Supplementary Methods
CyVerse Container Camp 2022
Creators: name: Swetnam, Tyson L.
name: Culshaw-Maurer, Michael
name: Cosi, Michele
name: Sprinkle, Mary Margaret
name: Cooksey, Amanda
name: Skidmore, Edwin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Materials and instructions for Container Camp 2022. Includes: Basic and Advanced content. Docker and Singularity containerization instructions and management. Introduction to Kubernetes, JetStream2. Instructions for GitHub Actions, and CodeSpaces. In class discussions and FAQs.
Additional file 1 of Efficacy of a curcumin extract (Curcugen™) on gastrointestinal symptoms and intestinal microbiota in adults with self-reported digestive complaints: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Creators: name: Lopresti, Adrian L.
name: Smith, Stephen J.
name: Alethea Rea
name: Michel, Shavon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Changes in OTU of individual bacteria over time. Supplementary Table 2. Pearson’s correlation coefficient between change in diversity index and change in GSRS total score. Supplementary Table 3. Self-reported frequency of adverse effects.
Kinematic properties of early-type galaxy haloes using planetary nebulae
Creators: name: Coccato, L.
name: Gerhard, O.
name: Arnaboldi, M.
name: Das, P.
name: Douglas, N. G.
name: Kuijken, K.
name: Merrifield, M. R.
name: Napolitano, N. R.
name: Noordermeer, E.
name: Romanowsky, A. J.
name: Capaccioli, M.
name: Cortesi, A.
name: De Lorenzi, F.
name: Freeman, K. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new planetary nebulae (PNe) positions, radial velocities, and magnitudes for 6 early-type galaxies obtained with the Planetary Nebulae Spectrograph, their two-dimensional velocity and velocity dispersion fields. We extend this study to include an additional 10 early-type galaxies with PNe radial velocity measurements available from the literature, to obtain a broader description of the outer-halo kinematics in early-type galaxies. These data extend the information derived from stellar kinematics to typically up to ~8 Re. The combination of photometry, stellar and PNe kinematics shows: i) good agreement between the PNe number density and the stellar surface brightness in the region where the two data sets overlap; ii) good agreement between PNe and stellar kinematics; iii) that the mean rms velocity profiles fall into two groups: with of the galaxies characterized by slowly decreasing profiles and the remainder having steeply falling profiles; iv) a larger variety of velocity dispersion profiles; v) that twists and misalignments in the velocity fields are more frequent at large radii, including some fast rotators; vi) that outer haloes are characterised by more complex radial profiles of the specific angular momentum-related lambda_R parameter than observed within 1Re; vii) that many objects are more rotationally dominated at large radii than in their central parts; and viii) that the halo kinematics are correlated with other galaxy properties, such as total luminosity, isophotal shape, total stellar mass, V/sigma, and alpha parameter, with a clear separation between fast and slow rotators.
description: 36 pages, 21 figures, revised version for MNRAS
The relationship between inkblot barrier scores and sociometric status in adolescents
Creators: name: Morton, Joyce Constance
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This study attempted to relate barrier scores to socio-metric status among adolescents on the theory that high barrier individuals tend to be more "person" oriented and therefore more successful in interpersonal relationships. Eighty-seven pupils (46 males and 41 females with an age range of 12-15) from grades seven, eight and nine of a junior high school were examined with the short form of the group version of the Holtzman Inkblot Technique and a modification of the sociometric test described by Northway. Analysis of the data revealed no direct relationship between sociometric test scores and barrier scores. A relationship was found, however, between barrier scores of choosers and those whom they choose. Significant sex differences in barrier score at all ages and some age differences in barrier score were found. There was no significant difference apparent in sociometric status of high barrier males and females.
Additional file 1 of Neonatal mortality in the central districts of Ghana: analysis of community and composition factors
Creators: name: Adjei, George
name: Darteh, Eugene K. M.
name: Obed Ernest A. Nettey
name: Doku, David Teye
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
title:  CLUSTERING STATES TO IMPROVE THE STRATEGIC HIGHWAY SAFETY PLAN
Creators: name: Cambron, Victoria
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 2.1
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Each update to a Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP) can require a large amount of time, resources, and funding. From the requirements in U.S.C.148(a)(13)(E-F), in the SHSP update process states must consider the results of other transportation planning processes and develop a list of strategies to reduce or eliminate fatal and serious injury crashes (United States, 2023). To fulfill these requirements more efficiently and to gain the largest amount of benefit from said research, this thesis asks the question: how do we select other state transportation plans to study for ideas on improving our own SHSP? In this thesis, a k-means clustering method is proposed to group states based on a variety of factors. These include state demographics, roadway attributes, highway safety performance, and SHSP characteristics. Specific clusters of states can then be selected based on other states that share characteristics most like our own, or based on other states that have the best safety performance. Then, in future studies, the smaller group of states selected can be studied for successful safety improvement programs that have been implemented to gain ideas for improving our own state’s next SHSP. As a case study, the methodology and resulting conclusions are applied to Kentucky in this thesis.
description: 2023 Victoria Cambron
Supplemental Figures from Body mass index does not decline during winter for the sedentary marine gastropod Crepidula fornicata
Creators: name: Franklin, Amanda M.
name: Rivera, Alberto
name: Robbins, Justin
name: Pechenik, Jan A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Supplemental Figures
Computer vision for farm management and welfare monitoring of grazing cattle
Creators: name: Haumont, Jérémie
name: Maselyne, Jarissa
name: De Visscher, Anneleen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Computer vision
livestock
pasture
welfare monitoring
farm management

description: Livestock production, particularly dairy farming, is significant in Europe's agricultural sector. Grazing land, despite its known benefits for cattle welfare, is declining in use. Animal welfare, guided by the five freedoms principle, is crucial, and studies show that pasture-based systems can improve welfare indicators such as lameness and mastitis. However, challenges like weather extremes and parasite infections exist. Precision livestock farming (PLF) technologies offer solutions, with sensors and computer vision aiding in monitoring. The XGain project, aims to enhance the sustainability of remote farming through innovative technology adoption, including vision-based monitoring for grazing livestock.

 

This work has been developed in the context of the XGain project (101060294). XGain fosters a sustainable, balanced, and inclusive development of rural, coastal and urban areas by facilitating access to relevant stakeholders to a comprehensive inventory of smart XG, last-mile connectivity and edge computing solutions, and of related assessment methods. Learn more at xgain-project.eu.
Spontaneous emission interference in negative-refractive-index waveguides
Creators: name: Li, G. X.
name: Evers, J.
name: Keitel, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spontaneous decay of a V-type three-level atom placed in a negative-refractive-index waveguide is analyzed. We find that in thin waveguides, highly efficient surface guided modes are supported, which do not occur in positive index waveguides. In addition, at low absorption, the mode density and thus spontaneous emission into particular regular guided modes is enhanced by several orders of magnitude as compared to regular dielectric waveguides. The asymmetries between emission into the different modes and the enhancement of particular guided modes allow to induce strong spontaneous-emission interference between transitions with orthogonal transition dipole moments.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
The location and kinematics of the coronal-line emitting regions in AGN
Creators: name: Mullaney, J. R.
name: Ward, M. J.
name: Done, C.
name: Ferland, G. J.
name: Schurch, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the photoionisation code Cloudy to determine both the location and the kinematics of the optical forbidden, high ionisation line (hereafter, FHIL) emitting gas in the narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxy Ark 564. The results of our models are compared with the observed properties of these emission lines to produce a physical model that is used to explain both the kinematics and the source of this gas. The main features of this model are that the FHIL emitting gas is launched from the putative dusty torus and is quickly accelerated to its terminal velocity of a few hundred km/s. Iron-carrying grains are destroyed during this initial acceleration. This velocity is maintained by a balance between radiative forces and gravity in this super-Eddington source. Eventually the outflow is slowed at large radii by the gravitational forces of and interactions with the host galaxy. In this model, FHIL emission traces the transition between the AGN and bulge zones of influence.
description: 6 Pages, 5 Figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
William James and the will to believe
Creators: name: Ornstein, Jack Hervey
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The problem considered in this thesis is whether or not there is an ethics of belief. The notion that it could be right or wrong to believe something is examined. William James, in The Will To Believe, advocated the right to believe, in certain cases, whatever most tempts one's will. William Kingdon Clifford had earlier argued in The Ethics Of Belief that it is always wrong to believe anything for which the evidence is insufficient. I have argued that belief is not an action that can be executed or refrained from at will but is the acceptance of something as being true. As such, it is not possible for us to believe what most appeals to us unless we deem it true. If 'belief’ is used in any other sense than 'deem true', the true-false distinction is vitiated. Since belief is not an action and is therefore not voluntary, the ethics of belief cannot apply to what is believed. The right or wrong of belief applies to the attitude we adopt to a certain proposition or to the manner in which we acquire our beliefs. The distinction is made between belief-cultivation and inquiry. A detailed analysis of The Will To Believe is then undertaken. The claim that religion is a hypothesis which we can verify is questioned. It seems that before one can 'test' the hypothesis, one must believe it already — thus there is really no test at all. The contrasts between science and religion are presented -- explanation being the main concern of the former and consolation that of the latter. The following six claims are called into question: 1) the decision regarding the truth or falsity of religion is forced and momentous, 2) no test of what is really true has ever been agreed upon, 3) there is a striking similarity between the potential religious believer and the scientific investigator, 4) the universe must have a purpose, 5) in religion, faith creates its own verification, 6) to believe in religion requires hope and courage while to doubt or disbelieve indicates fear and cowardice. It is concluded that even if religious belief influences or changes our actions and reactions, this is proof not of the truth of religion but of its utility, which may be helpful or harmful to the individual and to society. My thesis, in short, is that insofar as we attempt to proportion belief to our desires and not to the evidence, we risk losing the true-false distinction altogether. We thus risk loss of communication with others. And effective communication, I submit, is essential to the acquisition and transmission of knowledge — the raison d'etre of philosophy.
Ixmati, 9(16). Septiembre-Diciembre 2023
Creators: name: Chavarría Piscil, Monsserath
name: Torres Romero, María Norma
name: Patiño, Fabricio
name: Vázquez, Missael
name: Onofre, Jair Emmanuel
name: Testón, Nancy
name: Ramírez, Juan
name: Campa, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Nos complace presentarles una nueva edición de nuestra revista, que abarca el periodo septiembre-diciembre de 2023.En esta ocasión, nos sumergimos en cuatro fascinantes temas relacionados con la responsabilidad social y sostenibilidad en distintos aspectos de la industria alimentaria y hotelera, así como en la apertura a nuevas formas de alimentación. “Responsabilidad Social en la Promoción de Alimentos en Irlanda”En el primer artículo, exploramos las prácticas de responsabilidad social en la promoción de alimentos en Irlanda. Un análisis detallado revela cómo las empresas del sector alimentario están abrazando un enfoque más consciente y ético en su comercialización, reconociendo el impacto directo que tienen en la salud pública y en la sostenibilidad ambiental.
C.acutus_Supplemental information_03.10.12BL from Discovery of facultative parthenogenesis in a new world crocodile
Creators: name: Booth, Warren
name: Levine, Brenna A.
name: Corush, Joel B.
name: Davis, Mark A.
name: Dwyer, Quetzal
name: Plecker, Roel De
name: Schuett, Gordon W.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplemental methods
Mod p equality theorem for Seiberg-Witten invariants under Z_p-actions
Creators: name: Nakamura, Nobuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R57, 57S17 (Primary) 57M60 (Secondary)

description: When a cyclic group G of prime order acts on a 4-manifold X, we prove a formula which relates the Seiberg-Witten invariants of X to those of X/G.
description: 8 pages
The Feasibility of Limiting Access to Fingerprintable Surfaces in Web Browsers
Creators: name: Gretenkort, Jakob
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2021

description: In dieser Arbeit untersuchen wir die Möglichkeit, Browser Fingerprinting zum Verfolgen von Nutzern ineffektiv zu machen, indem der Zugang von Webseiten zu fingerprintbaren Browseroberflächen beschränkt wird. Insbesondere möchten wir bestimmen, ob das von Google als teil der von ihnen entwickelten Privacy Sandbox vorgeschlagene Privacy Budget sich hierzu eignet. Dieses Privacy Budget beobachtet wie viel Information zum Fingerprinten eine Webseite aus einer Browserinstallation gewinnt und schneidet der Webseite den Zugang zu weiteren Informationen ab, wenn sie einen gewissen Grenzwert erreicht. Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass das Privacy Budget zwar umsetzbar und zweckmäßig ist, aber einige wichtige Fragen dazu aktuell noch geklärt werden müssen. Der aktuelle Vorschlag zum Budget sieht keine Nutzung der Tatsache vor, dass Fingerprints unter Umständen instabil sind. Wir versuchen, diese Richtung der Forschung voran zu treiben, indem wir eine neue Metrik für die Stabilität von Fingerprints einführen, die auf Entropie basiert. Das Budget beachtet außerdem aktuell nicht die Möglichkeit, Fingerprinting über mehrere Webseiten zu verteilen. Wir beleuchten diese Möglichkeit näher. Wir untersuchen eine Gruppe von 10000 pupolären webseiten darauf, welche fingerprintbaren Browseroberflächen sie nutzen um zu bestimmen, ob die Einführung des Budgets sie in ihrer Funktion einschränken würde. Hierfür entwickeln wir FPLog, einen modifizierten Browser der Zugriffe auf seine Oberflächen live protokolliert. Die Ergebnisse des Besuchs der 10000 Websieten mit diesem Browser führen uns zu dem Ergebnis, dass aktuelle Webseiten zwar auf viele Fingerprintbare Oberflächen zugreifen, aber nicht so viele, dass entropiebasierte Einschränkungen wie die vom Privacy Budget nicht sinnvoll umzusetzen wären.
Chlorine Dioxide Gas  Decontamination
Creators: name: Alvarez, Mike
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: chemical safety
toxic gas
chlorine gas
chlorine dioxide gas
sterilization

description: The purpose of this SOP is to describe procedures for the proper and safe operation of the ClorDiSys™ Chlorine Dioxide Gas Decontamination Equipment in Veterinary Service Center (VSC)-managed animal facilities for the decontamination of inanimate objects.
Breaking Down Paywalls and Building Up Equity: Open Access, Open Science, and Connections to Inclusive Knowledge
Creators: name: Rouhi, Sara
name: Bourg, Chris
name: Hosoi, Mihoko
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2021

description: Presented as part of UMD Libraries' 2021 Open Access Week events.
description: This live, moderated discussion with two experts will provide a broad overview of the many reasons why open access and open science are beneficial and ethical in scholarly communication. Panelists include Sara Rouhi, Director of Strategic Partnerships at PLOS and Dr. Chris Bourg, Director of Libraries at MIT and Co-Founder of the Center for Research on Equitable and Open Scholarship (CREOS). Discussion and questions will be moderated by Mihoko Hosoi, Associate Dean of Collections, Research, and Scholarly Communications at Pennsylvania State University. The panelists will touch upon the ways that inequity affects BIPOC and women scholars throughout the scholarly communication life cycle. They will affirm the impact of “green open access” approaches and the ways in which open access models are changing to become more equitable and inclusive for members of the scholarly community.
Additional file 1 of Unraveling the roles of the reductant and free copper ions in LPMO kinetics
Creators: name: Stepnov, Anton A.
name: Forsberg, Zarah
name: Sørlie, Morten
name: Giang-Son Nguyen
name: Wentzel, Alexander
name: Røhr, Åsmund K.
name: Eijsink, Vincent G. H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig S1. Cellulose solubilization by two batches of AA10_07. Fig S2. Underestimation of H2O2 in the presence of ascorbic acid or gallic acid. Fig S3. Cellulose solubilization by increasing amounts of AA10_07 in the presence of ascorbic acid or gallic acid. Fig S4. Cellulose solubilization by 1 μM AA10_07 in the presence of protein-free filtrates. Fig S5. Comparing the activity of two different batches of ScLPMO10C. Fig S6. The effect of DMSO on AA10_07 reactions with cellulose.
Magnetic Anistropy due to the Casimir Effect
Creators: name: Metalidis, G.
name: Bruno, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Casimir interaction between a ferromagnetic and a non-magnetic mirror, and show how the Casimir effect gives rise to a magnetic anisotropy in the ferromagnetic layer. The anisotropy is out-of-plane if the non-magnetic plate is optically isotropic. If the non-magnetic plate shows a uniaxial optical anisotropy (with optical axis in the plate plane), we find an in-plane magnetic anisotropy. In both cases, the energetically most favorable magnetization orientation is given by the competition between polar, longitudinal and transverse contributions to the magneto-optical Kerr effect, and will therefore depend on the interplate distance. Numerical results will be presented for a magnetic plate made out of iron, and non-magnetic plates of gold (optically isotropic), quartz, calcite and barium titanate (all uniaxially birefringent).
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Risk assessment in precapillary pulmonary hypertension: a comparative analysis
Creators: name: Sonnweber, Thomas
name: Eva-Maria Schneider
name: Nairz, Manfred
name: Theurl, Igor
name: Weiss, Günter
name: Tymoszuk, Piotr
name: Löffler-Ragg, Judith
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. STROBE diagram for analysis cohort. Fig. S2. Model selection, score calculation, and score testing scheme for FPHR risk model refinement. Fig. S3. Kaplan–Meier analysis for candidate FPHR3p-modifying variables. Table S1. Variables used for risk stratification according to five different risk assessment tools. Table S2. Cut-offs used to define risk category for each risk parameters. Table S3. Baseline hemodynamic characteristics assessed by right-heart catheter at rest. Table S4. Mortality risk models including right-heart catheter parameters at baseline. Table S5. Mortality risk-assessment models according to the three-parametric FPHR and the mRASP model.
Raw data associated with the paper "Form function relationships underlie rapid dietary changes in a lizard"
Creators: name: Taverne, M.
name: Watson, P. J.
name: Dutel, H.
name: Boistel, R.
name: Lisicic, D.
name: Tadic, Z.
name: Fabre, A-C.
name: Fagan, M. J.
name: Herrel, A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Macroevolutionary changes such as variation in habitat use or diet are often associated with convergent, adaptive changes in morphology. However, it is still unclear how small-scale morphological variation at the population level can drive shifts in ecology as observed at a macroevolutionary scale. Here, we address this question by investigating how variation in cranial form and feeding mechanics relate to rapid changes in diet in an insular lizard (Podarcis siculus) after experimental introduction into a new environment. We first quantified differences in the skull shape and jaw muscle architecture between the source and introduced population using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics and dissections. Next, we tested the impact of the observed variation in morphology on the mechanical performance of the masticatory system using computer-based biomechanical simulation techniques. Our results show that small differences in shape, combined with variation in muscle architecture, can result in significant differences in performance allowing access to novel trophic resources. The confrontation of these data with the already described macroevolutionary relationships between cranial form and function in these insular lizards provides insights into how selection can, over relatively short time scales, drive major changes in ecology through its impact on mechanical performance.
Leveraging auxiliary data from arbitrary distributions to boost GWAS discovery with Flexible cFDR
Creators: name: Hutchinson, Anna
name: Reales, Guillermo
name: Willis, Thomas
name: Wallace, Chris
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Research and analysis methods
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Engineering and technology
subject: FOS: Engineering and technology

description: Funder: GlaxoSmithKline; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100004330
description: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of genetic variants that are associated with complex traits. However, a stringent significance threshold is required to identify robust genetic associations. Leveraging relevant auxiliary covariates has the potential to boost statistical power to exceed the significance threshold. Particularly, abundant pleiotropy and the non-random distribution of SNPs across various functional categories suggests that leveraging GWAS test statistics from related traits and/or functional genomic data may boost GWAS discovery. While type 1 error rate control has become standard in GWAS, control of the false discovery rate can be a more powerful approach. The conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) extends the standard FDR framework by conditioning on auxiliary data to call significant associations, but current implementations are restricted to auxiliary data satisfying specific parametric distributions, typically GWAS p-values for related traits. We relax these distributional assumptions, enabling an extension of the cFDR framework that supports auxiliary covariates from arbitrary continuous distributions (“Flexible cFDR”). Our method can be applied iteratively, thereby supporting multi-dimensional covariate data. Through simulations we show that Flexible cFDR increases sensitivity whilst controlling FDR after one or several iterations. We further demonstrate its practical potential through application to an asthma GWAS, leveraging various functional genomic data to find additional genetic associations for asthma, which we validate in the larger, independent, UK Biobank data resource.
Deforestación en Mendoza y San Juan entre 1900 y 1942. Distribución espacial y procesos socioeconómicos del desmonte de los algarrobales.
Creators: name: Rojas, Juan Facundo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Geography
Environmental History
Environmental Geography

description: Tesis de Licenciatura en Geografía de Juan Facundo Rojas, defendida en agosto de 2009. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras (FFyL), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Mendoza, Argentina. Dirección: María del Rosario Prieto. Codirección: Silvia Robledo.
Nearly-Kaehler dimensional reduction of the heterotic string
Creators: name: Chatzistavrakidis, Athanasios
name: Zoupanos, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effective action in four dimensions resulting from the ten-dimensional N=1 heterotic supergravity coupled to N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills upon dimensional reduction over nearly-Kaehler manifolds is discussed. Nearly-Kaehler manifolds are an interesting class of manifolds admitting an SU(3)-structure and in six dimensions all homogeneous nearly-Kaehler manifolds are included in the class of the corresponding non-symmetric coset spaces plus a group manifold. Therefore it is natural to apply the Coset Space Dimensional Reduction scheme using these coset spaces as internal manifolds in order to determine the four-dimensional theory.
description: 11 pages, based on talk given at the Workshop on Cosmology-Strings, 6-13 September 2009, second week of the 9th Hellenic School and Workshops on Elementary Particle Physics and Gravity, Corfu, Greece
A Model for Emission from Jets in X-ray Binaries: Consequences of a Single Acceleration Episode
Creators: name: Pe'er, Asaf
name: Casella, Piergiorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are strong evidence for powerful jets in the low/hard state of black-hole X-ray binaries (BHXRBs). Here, we present a model in which electrons are accelerated once at the base of the jet, and are cooled by synchrotron emission and possible adiabatic energy losses. The accelerated electrons assume a Maxwellian distribution at low energies and possible energetic power law tail. These assumptions yield to a wealth of spectra, which we study in details. We identify critical values of the magnetic field, and five transition frequencies in the spectra. In particular, we show that: (I) the decay of the magnetic field along the jet enables, for wide jets, production of flat radio spectra without the need for electrons re-acceleration along the jet. (II) An increase of the magnetic field above a critical value of ~10^5 G leads to a sharp decrease in the flux at the radio band, while the flux at higher frequencies saturates to a constant value. (III) For strong magnetic field, the flux decays in the optical/UV band as F_nu ~ nu^{-1/2}, irrespective of the electrons initial distribution. (IV) For B_0 ~ 10^4 G, the X-ray flux gradually steepens. (V) With adiabatic energy losses, flat spectrum can be obtained only at a limited frequency range, and under certain conditions (VI) For narrow jets, r(x) ~ x^{alpha} with alpha < 1/2, flat radio spectrum cannot be obtained. We provide full description of the spectrum in the different scenarios, and show that our model is consistent with the key observed properties of BHXRBs.
description: Slightly shortened; references added; accepted for publication in ApJ
Regional TMPRSS2 V197M Allele Frequencies Are Correlated with COVID-19 Case Fatality Rates.
Creators: name: Jeon, Sungwon
name: Blazyte, Asta
name: Yoon, Changhan
name: Ryu, Hyojung
name: Jeon, Yeonsu
name: Bhak, Youngjune
name: Bolser, Dan
name: Manica, Andrea
name: Shin, Eun-Seok
name: Cho, Yun Sung
name: Kim, Byung Chul
name: Ryoo, Namhee
name: Choi, Hansol
name: Bhak, Jong
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Allele frequency
Case Fatality Rate
Tmprss2
Covid-19
Sars-cov-2
Humans
Serine Endopeptidases
Mortality
Gene Frequency
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Models, Molecular
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
European Continental Ancestry Group
Republic of Korea
COVID-19

description: Coronavirus disease, COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), has a higher case fatality rate in European countries than in others, especially East Asian ones. One potential explanation for this regional difference is the diversity of the viral infection efficiency. Here, we analyzed the allele frequencies of a nonsynonymous variant rs12329760 (V197M) in the TMPRSS2 gene, a key enzyme essential for viral infection and found a significant association between the COVID-19 case fatality rate and the V197M allele frequencies, using over 200,000 present-day and ancient genomic samples. East Asian countries have higher V197M allele frequencies than other regions, including European countries which correlates to their lower case fatality rates. Structural and energy calculation analysis of the V197M amino acid change showed that it destabilizes the TMPRSS2 protein, possibly negatively affecting its ACE2 and viral spike protein processing.
title: What are the experiences and perceptions of leadership education and development for clinical leaders in the Emergency Department (ED) of an English NHS Acute Trust?
Creators: name: Scheffer, Johann Heinrich
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2022

description: Whilst there is considerable research on leadership development in the business sector, this topic is less well researched in the National Health Service (NHS), especially in relation to how clinicians in emergency departments learn to lead, what their experiences of leadership are, and their development needs for the future. This is surprising as the NHS is going through something of a crisis, with good leadership on the ground arguably being the key to its future success. This study makes an original contribution in exploring this issue from the perspectives of emerging leaders, middle management, and senior management, and specifically addresses the knowledge gap in identifying the training needs of clinical leaders in urgent and emergency care (UEC). The main research question was defined as ‘what are the experiences and perceptions, of clinical leadership development in the emergency department (ED) of an English Acute Trust?’ A sample of clinical leaders (emerging leaders, middle management, and senior management) (n=36) were surveyed, alongside 12 semi structured interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data were analysed using a thematic approach drawing on a conceptual framework based on the inter-related concepts of culture, professional identity, and leadership development. This study offers insights into the perception of culture and the influence of values and behaviours across all three levels of management, on the organisational purpose and its norms. The impact of leadership progression on personal and professional identity, and the ethical dilemmas all clinical leaders must balance, in offering high-quality patient care, is also explored. The findings reveal that a bespoke approach to leadership development is needed. It advocates a more individual centric focus on leadership development in relation to inter alia multi-disciplinary team development, system collaboration and new ways of working. The study proposes an original leadership development framework for UEC staff. It proposes foundational development programmes to support clinical leaders, who are often good clinicians, to enable them to be the best leaders they could be. The results have implications for senior management and organisational development practitioners to ensure appropriate investment in talent management, succession planning and career pathway development are in place, in the future, to ensure the sustainable success of the organisation.
Star Formation from Spitzer (Lyman) to Spitzer (Space Telescope) and Beyond
Creators: name: Alves, Joao
name: Trimble, Virginia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A summary of JENAM 2008 Symposium 9 "Star Formation from Spitzer (Lyman) to Spitzer (Space Telescope) and Beyond", held in Vienna, 10-12 September 2008.
description: 6 pages
Spectra of secondary electrons generated in water by energetic ions
Creators: name: Scifoni, Emanuele
name: Surdutovich, Eugene
name: Solov'yov, Andrey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy distributions of secondary electrons produced by energetic carbon ions (in the energy range used, e.g., in hadron therapy), incident on liquid water, are discussed. For low-energy ions, a new parameterization of the singly-differential ionization cross sections is introduced, based on tuning the position of the Bragg peak. The resulting parameterization allows a fast calculation of the energy spectra of secondary electrons at different depths along the ion's trajectory, especially near the Bragg peak. At the same time, this parameterization provides penetration depths for a broad range of initial-ion energies within the therapeutically-accepted error. For high-energy ions, the energy distribution is obtained with a use of the dielectric response function approach. Different models are compared and discussed.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures. submitted to Phys.Rev.E
Additional file 1 of The micro revolution: effect of Bite-Sized Teaching (BST) on learner engagement and learning in postgraduate medical education
Creators: name: Manning, Kimberly D.
name: Spicer, Jennifer O.
name: Golub, Lucas
name: Akbashev, Mikhail
name: Klein, Robin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Transfusion Medicine Topics and Learning Objectives used for intervention and control teaching sessions.
Interference and Deployment Issues for Cognitive Radio Systems in Shadowing Environments
Creators: name: Hanif, Muhammad Fainan
name: Shafi, Mansoor
name: Smith, Peter J.
name: Dmochowski, Pawel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we describe a model for calculating the aggregate interference encountered by primary receivers in the presence of randomly placed cognitive radios (CRs). We show that incorporating the impact of distance attenuation and lognormal fading on each constituent interferer in the aggregate, leads to a composite interference that cannot be satisfactorily modeled by a lognormal. Using the interference statistics we determine a number of key parameters needed for the deployment of CRs. Examples of these are the exclusion zone radius, needed to protect the primary receiver under different types of fading environments and acceptable interference levels, and the numbers of CRs that can be deployed. We further show that if the CRs have apriori knowledge of the radio environment map (REM), then a much larger number of CRs can be deployed especially in a high density environment. Given REM information, we also look at the CR numbers achieved by two different types of techniques to process the scheduling information.
description: to be presented at IEEE ICC 2009. This posting is the same as the original one. Only author's list is updated that was unfortunately not correctly mentioned in first version
Supplementary Methods and Results from Evidence for maintenance of key components of vocal learning in ageing budgerigars despite diminished affiliative social interaction
Creators: name: Moussaoui, Bushra
name: Overcashier, Samantha L.
name: Kohn, Gregory M.
name: Araya-Salas, Marcelo
name: Wright, Timothy F.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional analyses related to "Evidence for maintenance of key components of vocal learning in aging budgerigars despite diminished affiliative social interaction"
Additional file 1 of Past eight-year malaria data in Gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia: trend, reporting-quality, spatiotemporal distribution, and association with socio-demographic and meteorological variables
Creators: name: Molla, Eshetu
name: Sinknesh Wolde Behaksra
name: Fitsum G. Tadesse
name: Sisay Dugassa
name: Endalamaw Gadisa
name: Hassen Mamo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. District level Plasmodia species distribution in Gedeo zone, South Ethiopia, 2012–2019. Supplementary Table 1. Association of HC-level monthly confirmed malaria cases and meteorological variables using GLM regression, Gedeo zone, 2012–2019.
Conserved ancestral tropical niche but different continental histories explain the latitudinal diversity gradient in brush-footed butterflies.
Creators: name: Chazot, Nicolas
name: Condamine, Fabien L
name: Dudas, Gytis
name: Peña, Carlos
name: Kodandaramaiah, Ullasa
name: Matos-Maraví, Pável
name: Aduse-Poku, Kwaku
name: Elias, Marianne
name: Warren, Andrew D
name: Lohman, David J
name: Penz, Carla M
name: DeVries, Phil
name: Fric, Zdenek F
name: Nylin, Soren
name: Müller, Chris
name: Kawahara, Akito Y
name: Silva-Brandão, Karina L
name: Lamas, Gerardo
name: Kleckova, Irena
name: Zubek, Anna
name: Ortiz-Acevedo, Elena
name: Vila, Roger
name: Vane-Wright, Richard I
name: Mullen, Sean P
name: Jiggins, Chris D
name: Wheat, Christopher W
name: Freitas, Andre V L
name: Wahlberg, Niklas
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: Funder: Lunds Universitet
description: Funder: Leverhulme Trust
description: The global increase in species richness toward the tropics across continents and taxonomic groups, referred to as the latitudinal diversity gradient, stimulated the formulation of many hypotheses to explain the underlying mechanisms of this pattern. We evaluate several of these hypotheses to explain spatial diversity patterns in a butterfly family, the Nymphalidae, by assessing the contributions of speciation, extinction, and dispersal, and also the extent to which these processes differ among regions at the same latitude. We generate a time-calibrated phylogeny containing 2,866 nymphalid species (~45% of extant diversity). Neither speciation nor extinction rate variations consistently explain the latitudinal diversity gradient among regions because temporal diversification dynamics differ greatly across longitude. The Neotropical diversity results from low extinction rates, not high speciation rates, and biotic interchanges with other regions are rare. Southeast Asia is also characterized by a low speciation rate but, unlike the Neotropics, is the main source of dispersal events through time. Our results suggest that global climate change throughout the Cenozoic, combined with tropical niche conservatism, played a major role in generating the modern latitudinal diversity gradient of nymphalid butterflies.
Phenomenology of SUSY with scalar sequestering
Creators: name: Perez, Gilad
name: Roy, Tuhin S.
name: Schmaltz, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The defining feature of scalar sequestering is that the MSSM squark and slepton masses as well as all entries of the scalar Higgs mass matrix vanish at some high scale. This ultraviolet boundary condition - scalar masses vanish while gaugino and Higgsino masses are unsuppressed - is independent of the supersymmetry breaking mediation mechanism. It is the result of renormalization group scaling from approximately conformal strong dynamics in the hidden sector. We review the mechanism of scalar sequestering and prove that the same dynamics which suppresses scalar soft masses and the B_mu term also drives the Higgs soft masses to -|mu|^2. Thus the supersymmetric contribution to the Higgs mass matrix from the mu-term is exactly canceled by the soft masses. Scalar sequestering has two tell-tale predictions for the superpartner spectrum in addition to the usual gaugino mediation predictions: Higgsinos are much heavier (mu > TeV) than scalar Higgses (m_A ~ few hundred GeV), and third generation scalar masses are enhanced because of new positive contributions from Higgs loops.
description: 16 pages and 3 figures