Auranus leonidas Colmenares, Porto & Tourinho, 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Colmenares, Pío A.
name: Porto, Willians
name: Tourinho, Ana Lúcia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Opiliones
Stygnidae
Auranus
Auranus leonidas

description: Auranus leonidas sp. nov.
(Figs 1 A–F, 2A–D, 6B, 7B)
Type material: Holotype: male (INPA-OP 003027) from (- 0.99539 S, - 62.15904W), Tatocuara, Comunidade Caicubí, Rio Jufari, Municipio de Caracaraí, Arquipélago de Mariuí e Baixo Rio Branco, Médio Rio Negro, Roraima Brasil; Leg. G. Giribet et al.; v.2012 (photo voucher). Paratypes: 1 female (INPA-OPI 003428) same data as holotype. 1male and 1 female (INPA-OPI 003430) same data as holotype. 1 male (dissected) and 3 females (INPA-OPI 003429) same data as holotype. 2 females (INPA-OP 3084), Caracaraí, Rio Jufari, Arquipiélago Mariuá-Jauaperi (01˚00´32.04” S, 62˚07´10.56” W), Roraima, Brasil; Leg. A. Tourinho et al.; 26.v.2012; leaf-litter.
Etymology: Noun in apposition, named after Leonidas I, king of the Greek state of Sparta, who died fighting against Xerxes I in the Thermopylae battle. He was also characterized as the defender hero in the recent Hollywood movie “300”.
Diagnosis: Easily distinguishable from A. parvus and A. tepui by having two dorsoapical tubercles on femur IV. Distinguishable from A. hehu by having tibia IV with only one row of large tubercles. Different from A. parvus by absence of rows of granules on lateral margins of the dorsal scutum.
Male description (holotype): Measurements: DSL: 2.5; PL: 1.8; DSW: 1.5; PW: 1.4; ID: 0.9; MH: 1.2; GOL: 0.5; GOW: 0.3.
Dorsum (Figs 1 A–B): Dorsal scutum rectangular. Prosoma: anterior margin smooth; anterior hump very low in lateral view, with two anterior paramedian tubercles and 3–4 small tubercles on each side. Opisthosoma: area I divided, with two tubercles each side; area II slightly divided, with two tubercles each side; area III with one pair of paramedian high spines, with one distal tubercle, and one posterior row of four tubercles. Posterior margin with one row of six tubercles. Free tergite I with five tubercles, II with four, and III with three. Anal plate with one pair of paramedian conspicuous tubercles.
Venter: Coxa I with two anterior tubercles and one median row of four tubercles; II–IV with sparse small tubercles. Posterior margin and free sternites with one row of minute setiferous tubercles.
Chelicerae: Segment I with well defined bulla, with two tubercles; II swollen and covered with setae distally, finger with two sub-distal small teeth; III with one basal tooth and three sub-distal small teeth.
Pedipalps (Figs 1 C–D): Coxa with one dorsal mesal tubercle and one conspicuous tubercle. Trochanter with one dorsal and one ventral small tubercle. Femur thin and smooth, distal half slightly wider. Patella smooth, swollen distally. Tibia: ectal IiiIi, mesal IiiIi. Tarsus: ectal IiiIii, mesal IiIiIi.
Legs (Figs 1 E–F): Coxae I, II, and III with two dorsal tubercles; IV with two sub-distal tubercles and some lateral granules. Trochanter I dorsally smooth, with one ventral tubercle; II with one dorsal and two small ventral tubercles; III dorsally smooth, with two small ventral tubercles; IV with one dorsal apical tubercle and two ventral tubercles. Femora I–II dorsally smooth, with two rows of small tubercles in the proximal half; III with two rows of ventral tubercles larger than I–II; IV with one retrolateral and two ventral rows of large tubercles, growing in size distally. Patella I–II smooth; III granulated; IV tuberculated, with three dorsoapical tubercles (Fig. 1 E). Tibiae I–II smooth; III with one ventral row of minute tubercles; IV with three rows of tubercles: one prolateral, one retrolateral and one ventral (Figs 1 E–F). Tarsal formula 6(3)/9(3)/6/7.
Penis (Figs 2 A–D). Calyx with a dorsoapical central hollow and two lateral flat processes directed ventrally. Malleus projected laterally and dorsally. Chaetotaxy: MS A–B bifid: A1–A2 inserted on lateral projections of malleus, A3 inserted lateroventrally on malleus, B1 inserted ventrally on malleus. MS C: three pairs, cylindrical, curved and sharp, forming an oblique row on sides of calyx. MS D: one small pair, placed basally on lamina parva, hidden by expansion of malleus (Fig. 2 D). E: reduced to one pair (E1), sharp and curved, placed ventrally, ending row formed by MS C. Glans membranous and compressed dorsoventrally, stylus long, without dorsal process.
Color (Figs 6 B, 7B). Lateral portions of prosoma and sulci light ochre, with two central regions of dark reticle. Scutal areas, lateral margins and legs dark brown, except trochanter, which is lighter. Chelicerae lighter than dorsal scutum. Femora with 1–2 subdistal clear rings on darker background.
Female description (paratype INPA-OP 003430): Measurements: DSL: 2.5; PL: 0.9; DSW: 1.5; PW: 1.3; ID: 0.7; MH: 1.6; GOL: 0.5; GOW: 0.3. Chelicerae smaller than male. Femur and tibia IV with two rows of ventral minute tubercles instead of large tubercles. Tarsal formula: 6(3)/11(3)/6/7.
Distribution (Fig. 8): only known from type locality.
Other material examined: 3 females (INPA-OP 3080), Caracaraí, Rio Jufari, Arquipiélago Mariuá-Jauaperi (01˚01´7.38” S, 62˚05´2.33” W), Roraima, Brasil; Leg. G. Giribet et al.; 29.v.2012; active nocturnal searching. 1 male and 1 female (INPA-OPI 003431) same data as holotype. 2 females (INPA-OPI 003432) same data as holotype.
description: Published as part of Colmenares, Pío A., Porto, Willians & Tourinho, Ana Lúcia, 2016, Taxonomic notes on the genus Auranus (Opiliones, Laniatores, Stygnidae), with description of two new species, pp. 117-129 in Zootaxa 4103 (2) on pages 119-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/271185