cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Arsenic transformation in marine macroalgae
Creators: name: Granchinho, Sophia Catarina Reineke
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) system was utilized for the determination of arsenate (As(V)), arsenite (As(III)), monomethylarsonate (MMA), dimethylarsinate (DMA) and arsenosugars X - XIII. In marine algae and in a marine fungus, the system was used to study pathways for the biotransformation of arsenicals. Fucus gardneri, Nereocystis luetkeana and Fusarium oxysporum melonis were grown in media enriched with arsenicals. Arsenosugars in the algae were identified by comparing the retention times with the organoarsenic compounds previously identified in oyster tissue standard reference material (NIST-1566a) and Fucus sample standard (IAEA-140/TM). Two HPLC columns and two mobile phase conditions were used. Arsenate, when added to Fucus gardneri under different environmental conditions, was reduced to As(III) and methylated to DMA and several different arsenosugars. The amount of arsenic species varied depending on the environmental condition. High levels of salinity and high levels of phosphate resulted in lower amounts of the arsenic species compared to low levels of salinity and phosphate. The presence or absence of antibiotics in the medium did not result in any major changes in the amount of arsenic species produced. This may indicate that the presence of more complex arsenicals in environmental algae samples is dependent on symbiotic interactions between the algae and its surroundings, rather than resulting from independent synthesis by the algae. The bull kelp Nereocystis luetkeana reduced and methylated As(V) to DMA. Significant amounts of more complex arsenic species, such as arsenosugars, were not observed in the cells or medium. The bioaccumulation and biomethylation of arsenic species by Nereocystis was found to be different than Fucus gardneri. The Fusarium fungus, which grows with Fucus gardneri in a parasitic relationship produces arsenite and DMA when incubated with arsenate. The amounts, however, were about 1000 times lower than produced by Fucus. Water soluble arsenic species were determined in a variety of marine algae collected from two sampling areas in British Columbia. Arsenate, MMA and arsenosugars X , XII and XIII were the predominant species extracted from the samples. The total arsenic content was determined by ICP-MS and the water content was determined by freeze-drying for all the samples collected. It was found that the kelp samples contained the highest amounts of total arsenic as well as the highest water content. The extraction efficiency varied between samples.
Many-body wavefunctions for quantum impurities out of equilibrium. II. Charge fluctuations
Creators: name: Culver, Adrian B.
name: Andrei, Natan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the general formalism discussed in the previous paper [A. B. Culver and N. Andrei, Phys. Rev. B 103, 195106 (2021)] to two models with charge fluctuations: the interacting resonant level model and the Anderson impurity model. In the interacting resonant level model, we find the exact time-evolving wavefunction and calculate the steady state impurity occupancy to leading order in the interaction. In the Anderson impurity model, we find the nonequilibrium steady state for small or large Coulomb repulsion $U$, and we find that the steady state current to leading order in $U$ agrees with a Keldysh perturbation theory calculation.
description: 40 pages (main text 27 pages), 2 figures. Published version
The Effect of Close Reading on Reading Comprehension Scores of Fifth Grade Students with Specific Learning Disabilities
Creators: name: Blouin, Erica
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of explicit reading comprehension strategies versus close reading strategies for aiding reading comprehension of similar historical fiction texts. The measurement tools were researcher-created assessments. The study involved a pre-experimental design with a convenience sample of a group of eight fifth grade students with specific learning disabilities that served as their own controls. The results of both assessments showed that there were no significant differences between the mean reading comprehension scores under the explicit (Mean = 66.63, SD = 6.41) and closed (Mean = 66.88, SD = 13.85) [t(7) = 0.06, p > .05] conditions. Implications and recommendations for future are discussed throughout the study.
Charmonia Production at the CERN/SPS
Creators: name: Borges, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the final results of experiment NA50 on charmonia production in Pb-Pb interactions at 158 A GeV. A strong increasing suppression is observed with increasing centrality, for both the jpsi and psiprime resonances. We also present new developments regarding the jpsi and psiprime normal nuclear absorption determinations deduced from proton-nucleus data only. Their comparison with Pb-Pb results allows us to conclude that the jpsi anomalous suppression sets in at mid-centralities while the S-U results show a reasonable agreement with the p-A behavior. The psiprime suffers a significantly stronger suppression already in S-U interactions, which continuously increases in the Pb-Pb system, and is completely incompatible with the expected behavior deduced from p-A collisions.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, XXXXth Rencontres de Moriond conference
Parasaniwa wyomingensis Gilmore 1928
Creators: name: Sahni, Ashok
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1972
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Varanidae
Parasaniwa
Parasaniwa wyomingensis

description: Parasaniwa wyomingensis Gilmore, 1928
Figure 8J
A left dentary fragment of Parasaniwa containing three tooth bases, AMNH 8499 (fig. 8J), has been recovered from Clambank Hollow. The dentary consists of a large, ventrally convex tooth-bearing border which descends anteriorly to the ventral edge of the lower jaw. The tooth bases are prominently folded externally as well as internally. The number of folds exceeds that found in Paraderma and may be as high as 10 on the lingual side. The tooth base is not expanded and usually a small foramen is present on its posterior side.
The anterior portion of a maxilla, AMNH 8503, has been recovered from Clambank Hollow. Its teeth are identical to those found on the dentary and the anterior two or three are much smaller than the posterior teeth. Externally, the maxilla is smooth and the sculpturing is not so marked as in Exostinus or Paraderma.
description: Published as part of Sahni, Ashok, 1972, The vertebrate Fauna of the Judith River formation, Montana, pp. 319-416 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 147 (6) on pages 355-357, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3382461
On Classical Teleportation and Classical Nonlocality
Creators: name: Mor, Tal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An interesting protocol for classical teleportation of an unknown classical state was recently suggested by Cohen, and by Gour and Meyer. In that protocol, Bob can sample from a probability distribution P that is given to Alice, even if Alice has absolutely no knowledge about P. Pursuing a similar line of thought, we suggest here a limited form of nonlocality - "classical nonlocality". Our nonlocality is the (somewhat limited) classical analogue of the Hughston-Jozsa-Wootters (HJW) quantum nonlocality. The HJW nonlocality tells us how, for a given density matrix rho, Alice can generate any rho-ensemble on the North Star. This is done using surprisingly few resources - one shared entangled state (prepared in advance), one generalized quantum measurement, and no communication. Similarly, our classical nonlocality presents how, for a given probability distribution P, Alice can generate any P-ensemble on the North Star, using only one correlated state (prepared in advance), one (generalized) classical measurement, and no communication. It is important to clarify that while the classical teleportation and the classical non-locality protocols are probably rather insignificant from a classical information processing point of view, they significantly contribute to our understanding of what exactly is quantum in their well established and highly famous quantum analogues.
description: 8 pages, Version 2 is using the term "quantum remote steering" to describe HJW idea, and "classical remote steering" is the main new result of this current paper. Version 2 also has an additional citation (to Gisin's 89 paper)
Turbulence, magnetic fields and plasma physics in clusters of galaxies
Creators: name: Schekochihin, A. A.
name: Cowley, S. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of galaxy clusters show that the intracluster medium (ICM) is likely to be turbulent and is certainly magnetized. The properties of this magnetized turbulence are determined both by fundamental nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic interactions and by the plasma physics of the ICM, which has very low collisionality. Cluster plasma threaded by weak magnetic fields is subject to firehose and mirror instabilities. These saturate and produce fluctuations at the ion gyroscale, which can scatter particles, increasing the effective collision rate and, therefore, the effective Reynolds number of the ICM. A simple way to model this effect is proposed. The model yields a self-accelerating fluctuation dynamo whereby the field grows explosively fast, reaching the observed, dynamically important, field strength in a fraction of the cluster lifetime independent of the exact strength of the seed field. It is suggested that the saturated state of the cluster turbulence is a combination of the conventional isotropic magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, characterized by folded, direction-reversing magnetic fields and an Alfvén-wave cascade at collisionless scales. An argument is proposed to constrain the reversal scale of the folded field. The picture that emerges appears to be in qualitative agreement with observations of magnetic fields in clusters.
description: revtex, 9 pages, 5 figures; invited talk for the 47th APS DPP Meeting, Denver, CO, Oct 2005; minor corrections to match the published version
Critical Behavior of Light
Creators: name: Weill, Rafi
name: Rosen, Amir
name: Gordon, Ariel
name: Gat, Omri
name: Fischer, Baruch
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light is shown to exhibit critical and tricritical behavior in passive mode-locked lasers with externally injected pulses. It is a first and unique example of critical phenomena in a one-dimensional many body light-mode system. The phase diagrams consist of regimes with continuous wave, driven para-pulses, spontaneous pulses via mode condensation, and heterogeneous pulses, separated by phase transition lines which terminate with critical or tricritical points. Enhanced nongaussian fluctuations and collective dynamics are observed at the critical and tricritical points, showing a mode system analog of the critical opalescence phenomenon. The critical exponents are calculated and shown to comply with the mean field theory, which is rigorous in the light system.
description: RevTex, 5 pages, 3 figures
Partikularität und Universalität Israels und der Kirche aus christlicher Sicht
Creators: name: Weth, Rudolf
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 24 Nr. 1 (1975): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 24, Heft 1
Interlacings: Naturalism and Christianity in Frank Norris's McTeague
Creators: name: Ani, Miriam
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research -- Periodicals.
Humanities -- Research -- Periodicals.
Social sciences -- Research -- Periodicals.

description: I attempted this essay last year while confronting my fundamental question about literary criticism: “why bother?” An interdisciplinary major, I have always been interested in pushing at the boundaries of the fields I study and I wanted to challenge myself to move beyond the tendency to tie up literature with the ribbons of tidy theories, encapsulating them into orderly packages. I had been reading Derrida’s Margins of Philosophy at the time and was taken by what he terms différance, which “exceeds the order of truth at a certain precise point.” For me this essay was a self-directed challenge and a very personal exercise to see if I could breathe life into Norris’s text by allowing it to speak for itself in all its contradictions and multiplicity. From the faculty nominator, Mary Marchand: Miriam Ani wrote this essay for a literature course that focuses on turn-of-the-century American Literature. When she first told me about her idea for the essay, I knew immediately that she'd uncovered an important source of tension in the novel, one that to my knowledge had never been discussed. It represents a fresh and orginial approach to reading Norris. Once she'd written the essay, I was impressed by her clear and cogent account of how these two conflicting discourses come into play in the novel. Most importantly, I respected her refusal to try to resolve--or even tidy up--these tensions. Most of us approach literature, especially acknowleged classics like McTeague, with the conviction that the artist is in control of his or her materials, or at least sufficiently in control to avoid major ruptures like the one Miriam identifies. We're oftened trained, as interpreters, to try to resolve seeming contradictions. However one feels about postmodern theory, it's given us permission to explore the messiness of art.
description: Mary Marchand
description: http://blogs.goucher.edu/verge/verge-2/
The Incidence of Pollution Control Policies
Creators: name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Sigman, Hilary
name: Walls, Margaret
name: Williams, Roberton C.
name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Sigman, Hilary
name: Walls, Margaret
name: Williams, Roberton C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: distributional incidence
subject: emissions taxes
subject: tradable permits
subject: environmental benefits
subject: distributional weights

description: This paper reviews theoretical and empirical literature on the household distribution of the costs and benefits of pollution control policies, and ways of integrating distributional issues into environmental cost-benefit analysis. Most studies find that policy costs fall disproportionately on poorer groups, though this is less pronounced when lifetime income is used, and policies affect prices of inputs used pervasively across the economy. The policy instrument itself is also critical; freely allocated emission permits may hurt the poor the most, as they transfer income to shareholders via scarcity rents created by higher prices, while emissions taxes offer opportunities for progressive revenue recycling. And although low-income households appear to bear a disproportionate share of environmental risks, policies that reduce risks are not always progressive, for example, they may alter property values in ways that benefit the wealthy. The review concludes by noting a number of areas where future research is badly needed.
Charge-Spin Interconversion in Epitaxial Pt Probed by Spin-Orbit Torques in a Magnetic Insulator
Creators: name: Li, Peng
name: Riddiford, Lauren J.
name: Bi, Chong
name: Wisser, Jacob J.
name: Sun, Xiao-Qi
name: Vailionis, Arturas
name: Veit, Michael J.
name: Altman, Aaron
name: Li, Xiang
name: DC, Mahendra
name: Wang, Shan X.
name: Suzuki, Y.
name: Emori, Satoru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure spin-orbit torques (SOTs) in a unique model system of all-epitaxial ferrite/Pt bilayers to gain insights into charge-spin interconversion in Pt. With negligible electronic conduction in the insulating ferrite, the crystalline Pt film acts as the sole source of charge-to-spin conversion. A small field-like SOT independent of Pt thickness suggests a weak Rashba-Edelstein effect at the ferrite/Pt interface. By contrast, we observe a sizable damping-like SOT that depends on the Pt thickness, from which we deduce the dominance of an extrinsic spin-Hall effect (skew scattering) and Dyakonov-Perel spin relaxation in the crystalline Pt film. Furthermore, our results point to a large internal spin-Hall ratio of $\approx$0.8 in epitaxial Pt. Our experimental work takes an essential step towards understanding the mechanisms of charge-spin interconversion and SOTs in Pt-based heterostructures, which are crucial for power-efficient spintronic devices.
Chaos in Glassy Systems from a TAP Perspective
Creators: name: Rizzo, Tommaso
name: Yoshino, Hajime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss level crossing of the free-energy of TAP solutions under variations of external parameters such as magnetic field or temperature in mean-field spin-glass models that exhibit one-step Replica-Symmetry-Breaking (1RSB). We study the problem through a generalized complexity that describes the density of TAP solutions at a given value of the free-energy and a given value of the extensive quantity conjugate to the external parameter. We show that variations of the external parameter by any finite amount can induce level crossing between groups of TAP states whose free-energies are extensively different. In models with 1RSB, this means strong chaos with respect to the perturbation. The linear-response induced by extensive level crossing is self-averaging and its value matches precisely with the disorder-average of the non self-averaging anomaly computed from the 2nd moment of thermal fluctuations between low-lying, almost degenerate TAP states. We present an analytical recipe to compute the generalized complexity and test the scenario on the spherical multi-$p$ spin models under variation of temperature.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
Quantum phase transition in a non-Hermitian XY spin chain with global complex transverse field
Creators: name: Liu, Yu-Guo
name: Xu, Lu
name: Li, Zhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we investigate the quantum phase transition in a non-Hermitian XY spin chain. The phase diagram shows that the critical points of Ising phase transition expand into a critical transition zone after introducing a non-Hermitian effect. By analyzing the non-Hermitian gap and long-range correlation function, one can distinguish different phases by means of different gap features and decay properties of correlation function, a tricky problem in traditional XY model. Furthermore, the results reveal the relationship among different regions of the phase diagram, non-Hermitian energy gap and long-range correlation function.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
The Effect of Traditional and Non-Traditional Academic Models on High School Graduation Rates
Creators: name: Beard, Kenya
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: The purpose of this study is to determine whether a traditional school academic model and a non- traditional academic model are equally effective in leading students in a low income, urban high school to meet graduation requirements. The study used a causal-comparative design with a convenience sample to compare graduation rates of seniors who followed a traditional academic model and those who followed a non-traditional academic model. A chi-square test was used to compare the proportion of traditional and non-traditional students that met graduation requirements. The null hypothesis indicated that in a year in which some seniors participated in a traditional academic model and other seniors participated in a non-traditional academic model, there would be no significant difference in the proportion of students that graduated. The null hypothesis failed to be rejected. Research revealed that both traditional and non-traditional academic models provide a notable means of success for students.
Clustering of SZ clusters on a past light-cone: acoustic oscillations and constraints on dark energy
Creators: name: Huetsi, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the clustering of SZ-selected galaxy clusters on a past light-cone, particularly paying attention to the possibility of constraining properties of dark energy. The prospects of detecting baryonic features in the cluster power spectrum for a wide and shallow survey like PLANCK, and for an SPT-like narrow and deep survey are discussed. It is demonstrated that these future blank sky SZ surveys will have capability to improve significantly over the recently announced detection of baryonic oscillations based on the SDSS Luminous Red Galaxy (LRG) sample. We carry out parameter estimation using Fisher matrix approach taking into account the anisotropic nature of the power spectrum due to redshift space and cosmological distortions. The clustering signal which is not too sensitive to systematic uncertainties serves as a valuable piece of information that in combination with other sources of data helps in breaking degeneracies between the cosmological parameters.
description: 18 pages, 17 figures, version accepted in A&A
Pollution Regulation and the Efficiency Gains from Technological Innovation
Creators: name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Parry, Ian W.H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: emissions tax
subject: tradable emissions permits
subject: performance standard
subject: R&D
subject: efficiency effects
subject: patents

description: Previous studies suggest that emissions taxes are more efficient at stimulating the development of improved pollution abatement technologies than other policy instruments, such as (non-auctioned) tradable emissions permits. We present results from a competitive model that cast some doubt on the empirical importance of this assertion. For example, we find that efficiency in the market for "environmental R&D" under tradable permits is typically less than 6 percent lower than that under an emissions tax for innovations that reduce pollution abatement costs by 10 percent or less. However the discrepancy is more significant in the case of more major innovations. We also find that the presence of R&D spillovers per se does not necessarily imply large inefficiency in the R&D market. For example, efficiency in the R&D market under a Pigouvian emissions tax is generally more than 90 percent of that in the first best outcome if the private benefit from innovation exceeds 50 percent of the social benefit. Thus the R&D spillover effect must substantially limit the private benefit from R&D in our analysis for there be a potentially "large" efficiency gain from additional policies -- such as research subsidies -- to stimulate innovation.
[Totonaco de Filomena Mata field notes]
Creators: name: Jeronimo Laureano, Miguel
name: McFarland, Teresa
name: Santiago Francisco, Jose
name: Santiago Francisco, Miguel
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: tlp
subject: Filomeno Mata-Coahuitlán Totonac language

description: Digital images of the seventh of ten notebooks from fieldwork in Veracruz, Mexico. Original dated August 27 - Septemer 13, 2005.
Globular cluster numbers in dark matter haloes in a dual formation scenario: an empirical model within EMERGE
Creators: name: Valenzuela, Lucas M.
name: Moster, Benjamin P.
name: Remus, Rhea-Silvia
name: O'Leary, Joseph A.
name: Burkert, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an empirical model for the number of globular clusters (GCs) in galaxies based on recent data showing a tight relationship between dark matter halo virial masses and GC numbers. While a simple base model forming GCs in low-mass haloes reproduces this relation, we show that a second formation pathway for GCs is needed to account for observed younger GC populations. We confirm previous works that reported the observed linear correlation as being a consequence of hierarchical merging and its insensitivity to the exact GC formation processes at higher virial masses, even for a dual formation scenario. We find that the scatter of the linear relation is strongly correlated with the relative amount of smooth accretion: the more dark matter is smoothly accreted, the fewer GCs a halo has compared to other haloes of the same mass. This scatter is smaller than that introduced by halo mass measurements, indicating that the number of GCs in a galaxy is a good tracer for its dark matter mass. Smooth accretion is also the reason for a lower average dark matter mass per GC in low-mass haloes. Finally, we successfully reproduce the observed general trend of GCs being old and the tendency of more massive haloes hosting older GC systems. Including the second GC formation mechanism through gas-rich mergers leads to a more realistic variety of GC age distributions and also introduces an age inversion in the halo virial mass range $\log M_\mathrm{vir}/\mathrm{M}_\odot = 11{-}13$.
description: 18 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
A Statistical Analysis of Landmark Conference Women’s Soccer
Creators: name: Rauscher, Nathan T.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: The purpose of this study was to determine if a statistically significant relationship existed between box score statistics and success in winning Landmark Conference women’s soccer games. The researcher used measures in the form of box score statistics from previously contested Landmark Conference women’s soccer games. An independent samples median test was used for each of the following factors: number of shots taken, shots on goal, shots on goal percentage, corner kicks, and the number of fouls committed. A stepwise regression analysis, in particular a discriminant analysis, was used to determine whether variables entered after the best predictor contributed anything additional to the predictive power of the model. Initially, both shots taken and shots on goal were identified as significant predictors. However, once the best predictor, shots taken, was taken into account, none of the others added any additional information to improve the prediction. Shots taken and shots on goal are correlated and predictive of winning versus losing. The other two actions—fouls and percent shots on goal—are not. Therefore, the null hypothesis was retained for fouls and percent shots on goal and rejected for the other two actions. Despite the demonstrated importance of taking more shots, a team may not put all of its effort into shooting, as many other aspects of a match will affect shooting rates. This points to the need for future research on factors such as passing accuracy and team possession that affect the volume of shooting opportunities generated within a match.
Output-Based Allocations of Emissions Permits: Efficiency and Distributional Effects in a General Equilibrium Setting with Taxes and Trade
Creators: name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Fox, Alan K.
name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Fox, Alan K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: emissions trading
subject: output-based allocation
subject: tax interaction
subject: carbon leakage

description: The choice of mechanism for allocating tradable emissions permits has important efficiency and distributional effects when tax and trade distortions are considered. We present different rules for allocating carbon allowances within sectors (lump-sum grandfathering, output-based allocation [OBA], and auctioning) and among sectors (historical emissions and value-added shares). Using a partial equilibrium model, we explore how OBA mitigates price increases, limits incentives for conservation in favor of lowering energy intensity, and changes relative output prices among sectors. We then use a computable general equilibrium model from the Global Trade Analysis Project, modified to incorporate a labor/leisure choice, to compare overall mechanism performance. The output subsidies implicit in OBA mitigate tax interactions, which can lead to higher welfare than grandfathering. OBA with sectoral distributions based on value added generates effective subsidies similar to a broad-based tax reduction, performing nearly like auctioning with revenue recycling, which generates the highest welfare. OBA based on historical emissions supports the output of more polluting industries, which more effectively counteracts carbon leakage but is more costly in welfare terms. Industry production and trade impacts among sectors that are less energy intensive are also quite sensitive to allocation rules.
Field theoretical analysis of adsorption of polymer chains at surfaces: Critical exponents and Scaling
Creators: name: Usatenko, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The process of adsorption on a planar repulsive, "marginal" and attractive wall of long-flexible polymer chains with excluded volume interactions is investigated. The performed scaling analysis is based on formal analogy between the polymer adsorption problem and the equivalent problem of critical phenomena in the semi-infinite $|ϕ|^4$ n-vector model (in the limit $n\to 0$) with a planar boundary. The whole set of surface critical exponents characterizing the process of adsorption of long-flexible polymer chains at the surface is obtained. The polymer linear dimensions parallel and perpendicular to the surface and the corresponding partition functions as well as the behavior of monomer density profiles and the fraction of adsorbed monomers at the surface and in the interior are studied on the basis of renormalization group field theoretical approach directly in d=3 dimensions up to two-loop order for the semi-infinite $|ϕ|^4$ n-vector model. The obtained field- theoretical results at fixed dimensions d=3 are in good agreement with recent Monte Carlo calculations. Besides, we have performed the scaling analysis of center-adsorbed star polymer chains with $f$ arms of the same length and we have obtained the set of critical exponents for such system at fixed d=3 dimensions up to two-loop order.
description: 22 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables
Dynamics of cellular flame deformation after a head-on interaction with a shock wave: reactive Richtmyer-Meshkov instability
Creators: name: Yang, Hongxia
name: Radulescu, Matei Ioan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shock flame interactions are fundamental problems in many combustion applications ranging from flame acceleration to flame control in supersonic propulsion applications. The present paper seeks to quantify the rate of deformation of the flame surface and burning velocity caused by the interaction and to clarify the underlying mechanisms. The interaction of a single shock wave with a cellular flame in a Hele-Shaw shock tube configuration was studied experimentally, numerically, and theoretically. A mixture of stoichiometric hydrogen-air at sub-atmospheric pressure was chosen such that large cells can be isolated and their deformation studied with precision subsequent to the interaction. Following passage of the incident shock and vorticity deposition along the flame surface, the flame cusps are flattened and reversed backwards into the burnt gas. The reversed flame then goes through four stages. At times significantly less than the characteristic flame burning time, the flame front deforms as an inert interface due to the Ricthmyer-Meshkov instability with non-linear effects becoming noticeable. At times comparable to the laminar flame time, dilatation due to chemical energy release amplifies the growth rate of Ricthmyer-Meshkov instability. This stage is abruptly terminated by the transverse burnout of the resulting flame funnels, followed by a longer front re-adjustment to a new cellular flame evolving on the cellular time scale of the flame. The proposed flame evolution model permits to predict the evolution of the flame geometry and burning rate for arbitrary shock strength below the shock-induced auto-ignition point and flames with unit Lewis number in two-dimensions.
description: This paper includes 37 pages, 31 figures, and 1 table. It has been submitted to the Journal of Fluid Mechanics for peer review
A Quality-Adjusted Cost Index for Estimating Future Consumer Surplus from Innovation
Creators: name: Austin, David H.
name: MacAuley, Molly K.
name: Austin, David H.
name: MacAuley, Molly K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: quality-adjusted cost index
subject: consumer surplus
subject: innovation

description: This paper describes a model for estimating, in a probabilistic framework, expected future consumer surplus from planned new product innovations. The model has been applied to estimations of taxpayer benefits from NASA's New Millenium Program (NMP), which develops new technologies for space science, and to the digital data storage technologies being supported by the Department of Commerce's Advanced Technology Program (ATP). The model uses cost index methods based on consumers' estimated marginal valuation for quality improvements in the technology. Probabilistic values for performance increases are taken from the innovators' own expectations. The analysis reveals the sensitivity of welfare increases to these values, which are assumed to be biased upward. The cost index, when combined with an expected rate of adoption, estimates consumer benefits from the innovation, gross of its research and development costs. Benefits are estimated net of a dynamic baseline defined by the best available substitute technology, which is also assumed to improve over time. Findings are therefore expressed in terms of the economic value of the innovation to consumers, compared to advances that might occur in the absence of the NMP or ATP investments. Illustrative results--estimated cost indices and 95% confidence bounds--are presented for technologies that are expected to improve consumer welfare and for those that, on a quality-adjusted cost basis, are likely to be outperformed by the selected baseline technology.
Droplet Excitations for the Spin-1/2 XXZ Chain with Kink Boundary Conditions
Creators: name: Nachtergaele, Bruno
name: Spitzer, Wolfgang
name: Starr, Shannon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B10; 82B20; 82B23

description: We give a precise definition for excitations consisting of a droplet of size n in the XXZ chain with various choices of boundary conditions, including kink boundary conditions and prove that, for each n, the droplet energies converge to a boundary condition independent value in the thermodynamic limit. We rigorously compute an explicit formula for this limiting value using the Bethe ansatz.
description: 36 pages, figures included as eps files
STRATEGIC CHOICE ALONG THE VERTICAL COORDINATION CONTINUUM
Creators: name: Peterson, H. Christopher
name: Wysocki, Allen F.
name: Peterson, H. Christopher
name: Wysocki, Allen F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Industrial Organization

description: Fundamental changes are underway in the U.S. agri-food system, changes that are altering traditional marketing relationships. Parts of the food system are becoming tightly integrated, such as the poultry subsector and, increasingly, the pork subsector. The tightening of vertical linkages has been characterized by movement from open markets to various forms of managed coordination, e.g. contracting, strategic alliances, and single ownership of multiple market stages. 1998 AAEA Symposium
FOCALIZZARE LA FORMA: SVILUPPO DELLA COMPETENZA LINGUISTICA NELLA CLASSE MULTILINGUE DELLA SCUOLA PRIMARIA
Creators: name: Whittle, Anna
Publisher: name: Italiano LinguaDue
Year: 1970

description: L’obiettivo di questo contributo è la descrizione di modelli di didattica della grammatica all’interno di un approccio comunicativo all'insegnamento della L2. L’etichetta focus on form raccoglie alcune strategie di interazione che promuovono l’accuratezza linguistica all'interno di un dispositivo che non perde di vista l’aggancio con la dimensione del significato. Per delineare i tratti di questo approccio sono stati proposti degli esempi, tratti da trascrizioni di interventi in classe, che illustrano opzioni diverse di insegnamento della grammatica nella classe multilingue: da un modello deduttivo e decontestualizzato (focus on forms), ad un intervento di riflessione sulla lingua utile a notare delle regolarità linguistiche e una focalizzazione sulla forma basata sul feedback correttivo (focus on form). Per chiarire il ruolo che la focalizzazione sulla forma può avere in un task comunicativo sono state messe a confronto due sequenze di insegnamento, una di L1 e l'altra di L2 nella stessa classe di scuola primaria frequentata dal 50% di bambini non italofoni di cui 5 di livello basico. I due approcci sono stati ricondotti alla distinzione fra focus on meaning (didattica della L1) e focus on form (didattica della L2). Tutti gli esempi sono tratti da tre classi seconde della stessa scuola coinvolte in un esperimento didattico sull’acquisizione di tre forme del presente indicativo italiano.

Focusing on the form: the development of expertise in multilingual primary school classes
The paper describes communicative grammar teaching models in L2 teaching. The label “focus on form” collects some interaction strategies that promote linguistic accuracy without losing sight of the link with the dimension of meaning. Examples taken from transcripts of speeches in class outline the features of this approach, showing different options for teaching grammar in the multilingual classroom: from a deductive and decontextualized model (focus on forms), to a reflection on language to note regularities and focus on form-based corrective feedback (focus on form). To clarify the role that the focus on form can have in a communication task, two teaching sequences were compared, one L1 and the other L2, in the same primary school class attended by 50% of children do not speak Italian, of which 5 were at a basic level. The two approaches reconsidered the distinction between focus on meaning (teaching L1) and focus on form (teaching L2). All examples were taken from three second-year classes at the same school involved in an educational experiment on the acquisition of three forms of the present indicative tense in Italian.
description: Italiano LinguaDue, Vol 7, No 2 (2015)
Mechanistic studies of xanthomonas manihotis b-galactosidase and the development of a rapid transglycosylation screen
Creators: name: Blanchard, Jan E.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The Xanthomonas manihotis /3-galactosidase (BgaX) is a 66 kDa retaining glycosidase that hydrolyzes glycosidic bonds through a double displacement mechanism involving a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. Characterization of a recombinant form of this enzyme showed that it hydrolyzes pNPGal, DNPGal, pNPFuc, pNPcu- L-Ara, pNPGalNAc, pNPGlc and pNPXyl with kinetic parameters in the range of k[sub cal] = 0.0217-36 s⁻¹ and K[sub m] = 0.050-4.3 mM. The mechanism based inactivator 2,4-dinitrophenyl 2-deoxy-2-fluorogalactopyranoside was shown to inhibit BgaX through the accumulation of a 2-deoxy-2-fluorogalactosyl-enzyme intermediate with the kinetic parameters k[sub inact] = 0.030 ± 0.004 s ⁻¹ and K; = 0.031 ± 0.005 mM. The fluorogalactosyl-enzyme intermediate was long lived, with a half life of 40 hr. Peptic digestion of this labeled enzyme and analysis by HPLC/mass spectrometry allowed the elucidation of G l u²⁶⁰ as the catalytic nucleophile involved in the formation of the glycosyl-enzyme intermediate during catalysis. Retaining glycosidases are capable of catalysing the formation of glycosidic bonds through transglycosylation to an acceptor bound in the aglycone site of the enzyme. The second part of this study involved the development of a strategy to rapidly screen compounds for their potential as acceptors in transglycosylation reactions. This methodology was based on the premise that the reactivation, or turnover, of a glycosidase trapped as a 2-deoxy-2-fluoroglycosyl-enzyme is accelerated in the presence of a compound which productively binds to the aglycone site. The approach involved incubation of samples of the fluoroglycosyl-enzyme in the presence of a number of potential acceptors, followed by monitoring of the amount of enzyme reactivated due to transglycosylation at a fixed time. Using a 96-well plate format, seven glycosidases were screened in this manner using 46 different potential acceptors. Of the glycosides tested, 16-36% were positively identified as candidates to act as good acceptors for the given enzyme. Further evaluation of relative reactivation rates with these candidates was performed by monitoring the extent of reactivation of the fluoroglycosyl-enzyme species at a series of time points. The acceptors were ranked according to the observed initial velocity of reactivation. Generally, aryl glycosides and disaccharides were the preferred acceptors. Validation of the screening strategy as a method by which to identify good acceptors was carried out by the identification of products formed from some of the positively screened acceptors in four different cases.
GLOBALIZATION AND THE POTENTIAL FOR FROZEN POTATO PROCESSING IN MEXICO
Creators: name: Phillips, Jon C.
name: Phillips, Jon C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Agribusiness
International Relations/Trade

description: An analysis of the potential for the establishment and survival of frozen potato processing in Mexico is provided. Tools used include demand analysis (including demographic data and elasticities) and Porter's competitive forces model. The process of globalization is reviewed, from an agribusiness perspective. Prepared for the "Globalization and Its (Dis) Contents: Multiple Perspectives" Conference held April 3-4, 1998, East Lansing, Michigan.
MADRELINGUA E ITALIANO L2: UN’INDAGINE SU BILINGUISMO E PERSONALITÀ
Creators: name: Milazzo, Rosangela
Publisher: name: Italiano LinguaDue
Year: 1970

description: L’articolo presenta i risultati di una ricerca che trae origine dalla lettura di un saggio di Camilla Bettoni, Usare un’altra lingua. Guida alla pragmatica interculturale (Laterza, Roma-Bari 2006) in cui affronta, tra gli altri, il tema della doppia personalità nell’ambito di uno studio sul bilinguismo e il biculturalismo, e si chiede se esista una relazione tra bilinguismo e personalità, ovvero se l’alternanza delle lingue conosciute comporti cambiamenti nella personalità dei bilingui. In questo contributo, un cambiamento di personalità, intesa nel senso più esteriore degli atteggiamenti e dei comportamenti messi in atto nell’alternare la madrelingua con l’italiano L2, ma anche intesa nella sua  dimensione più interiore che coinvolge gli stati affettivi fino al senso di identità personale, è stato indagato direttamente su alcuni soggetti bilingui residenti in Italia e con una conoscenza dell’italiano come lingua seconda attestata a livelli di progresso e padronanza, secondo il Quadro comune europeo di riferimento per le lingue.

Mother tongue and Italian L2: a survey on bilingualism and personality
The article presents the results of a study inspired by from an essay by Camilla Bettoni, Using Another Language. Pragmatic Intercultural Guide (Yale University Press, Rome-Bari 2006) which addressed, among other issues, the theme of split personality in a study on bilingualism and biculturalism, and poses the question of whether there is a relationship between bilingualism and personality, and whether switching between languages causes personality changes in bilinguals. In this paper, personality change meant the most outward attitudes and behaviors adopted when alternating between the mother tongue and Italian L2, as well as less visible changes involving affective states and personal identity. The participants were bilingual subjects residing in Italy with a knowledge of Italian as a second language measured according to the levels of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages.
description: Italiano LinguaDue, Vol 7, No 2 (2015)
NARRAZIONE, APPRENDIMENTO E IDENTITÀ CULTURALE NELLA CLASSE DI ITALIANO L2
Creators: name: Fiorentino Et Alii, Giuliana
Publisher: name: Italiano LinguaDue
Year: 1970

description: L’articolo coniuga la ricerca sulla narrazione come attività fondativa dell’individuo e della collettività per la costruzione dell’identità con la ricerca glottodidattica nell’ambito dell’italiano lingua seconda, in un contesto di adulti migranti. Partendo da alcune considerazioni di carattere antropologico e psicologico sulla riscoperta del valore della narrazione come pratica sociale, culturale e di costruzione del sé, si approda ad una sintetica considerazione della sua utilizzabilità e disponibilità nella classe di lingua. Alla riflessione teorica segue una parte descrittiva  in cui si riporta un’esperienza didattica nella classe di italiano L2 e si osserva la ricchezza di spunti didattici a cui un’unità di apprendimento sulla narrazione di viaggi e autobiografica può dare luogo.

Narration, learning and cultural identity in italian L2 classrooms
The article combines research on storytelling as a foundational activity for both individuals and the community in the construction of identity with research in the field of Italian L2 teaching, with a group of adult migrants. Starting from anthropological and psychological considerations regarding rediscovering the value of narration as a social, cultural and self-construction practice, there is also a briefoverview of its usability and availability in the language class. Theoretical reflection follows a descriptive part, featuring a didactic experience in an Italian L2 class, offering a wealth of teaching suggestions that spring from a learning unit on travel and autobiographical narrative.
description: Italiano LinguaDue, Vol 7, No 2 (2015)