cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Chern-Simons Invariants and Heterotic Superpotentials
Creators: name: Anderson, Lara B.
name: Gray, James
name: Lukas, Andre
name: Wang, Juntao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The superpotential in four-dimensional heterotic effective theories contains terms arising from holomorphic Chern-Simons invariants associated to the gauge and tangent bundles of the compactification geometry. These effects are crucial for a number of key features of the theory, including vacuum stability and moduli stabilization. Despite their importance, few tools exist in the literature to compute such effects in a given heterotic vacuum. In this work we present new techniques to explicitly determine holomorphic Chern-Simons invariants in heterotic string compactifications. The key technical ingredient in our computations are real bundle morphisms between the gauge and tangent bundles. We find that there are large classes of examples, beyond the standard embedding, where the Chern-Simons superpotential vanishes. We also provide explicit examples for non-flat bundles where it is non-vanishing and fractionally quantized, generalizing previous results for Wilson lines.
description: 32 pages
Experimental Test of the validity of "Isotropic" Approximation for the Mechanical Behaviour of Clay
Creators: name: Evesque, P.
name: Hattab, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental data from axially symmetric compression test at constant mean pressure p on kaolinite clay are used to study the validity of an "isotropic" modelling as a function of the overconsolidation ratio (OCR).The isotropic assumption is found to be quite good for 24. For very large OCR (OCR >10), anisotropic response is observed at few percents of axial deformation. Relation with anisotropic distribution of local forces is made. Pacs # : 5.40 ; 45.70 ; 62.20 ; 83.70.Fn
description: 6 pages + 1 page, 1 figure
Globalisation of Indian diets and the transformation of food supply systems
Creators: name: Pingali, Prabhu
name: Khwaja, Yasmeen
name: Pingali, Prabhu
name: Khwaja, Yasmeen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: India
subject: Globalization
subject: Diet Transformation
subject: Food Supply

description: This paper examines the change in the nature of food demand in India in the last twenty years. It identifies two distinct stages of diet transition associated with the period of economic growth. During the first stage, income-induced diet diversification,
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-ae060t.pdf
Internal mobility and international migration in Albania
Creators: name: Carletto, Calogero
name: Davis, Benjamin
name: Stampini, Marco
name: Trento, Stefano
name: Zezza, Alberto
name: Carletto, Calogero
name: Davis, Benjamin
name: Stampini, Marco
name: Trento, Stefano
name: Zezza, Alberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Migration
subject: Albania
subject: Migration Networks
subject: Remittances
subject: Coping Strategies.

description: Using evidence from two recent data sources – the 2002 Albania Living Standards Measurement Survey (LSMS) and the 2001 Population Census of Albania – the paper documents the phenomena of internal and external migration in Albania, a country that in the pa
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-ae068t.pdf
Using electric fields to induce patterning in leaky dielectric fluids in a rod-annular geometry
Creators: name: Wang, Qiming
name: Papageorgiou, Demetrios T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76W05

description: The stability and axisymmetric deformation of two immiscible, viscous, perfect or leaky dielectric fluids confined in the annulus between two concentric cylinders are studied in the presence of radial electric fields. The fields are set up by imposing a constant voltage potential difference between the inner and outer cylinders. We derive a set of equations for the interface in the long-wavelength approximation which retains the essential physics of the system and allows for interfacial deformations to be as large as the annular gap hence accounting for possible touchdown at the inner or outer electrode. The effects of the electric parameters are evaluated initially by performing a linear stability analysis which shows excellent agreement with the linear theory of the full axisymmetric problem in the appropriate long wavelength regime. The nonlinear interfacial dynamics are investigated by carrying out direct numerical simulations of the derived long wave models, both in the absence and presence of electric fields. For non-electrified thin layer flows (i.e. one of the layers thin relative to the other) the long-time dynamics agree with the lubrication approximation results found in literature. When the liquid layers have comparable thickness our results demonstrate the existence of both finite time and infinite time singularities (asymptotic touching solutions) in the system. It is shown that a two-side touching solution is possible for both the non-electrified and perfect dielectric cases, while only one-side touching is found in the case of leaky dielectric liquids, where the flattened interface shape resembles the pattern solutions found in literature. Meanwhile the finite-time singular solution agrees qualitatively with the experiments of~\cite{Reynolds1965}.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures
Quantum thermodynamics with missing reference frames: Decompositions of free energy into non-increasing components
Creators: name: Janzing, Dominik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If an absolute reference frame with respect to time, position, or orientation is missing one can only implement quantum operations which are covariant with respect to the corresponding unitary symmetry group G. Extending observations of Vaccaro et al., I argue that the free energy of a quantum system with G-invariant Hamiltonian then splits up into the Holevo information of the orbit of the state under the action of G and the free energy of its orbit average. These two kinds of free energy cannot be converted into each other. The first component is subadditive and the second superadditive; in the limit of infinitely many copies only the usual free energy matters. Refined splittings of free energy into more than two independent (non-increasing) terms can be defined by averaging over probability measures on G that differ from the Haar measure. Even in the presence of a reference frame, these results provide lower bounds on the amount of free energy that is lost after applying a covariant channel. If the channel properly decreases one of these quantities, it decreases the free energy necessarily at least by the same amount, since it is unable to convert the different forms of free energies into each other.
description: 17 pages, latex, 1 figure
Food insecurity and vulnerability in Viet Nam: Profiles of four vulnerable groups
Creators: name: Food Security And Agricultural Projects Analysis Service (ESAF)
name: Food Security And Agricultural Projects Analysis Service (ESAF)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Vulnerability
subject: Food Insecurity
subject: Vulnerable Groups
subject: Livelihoods Profiling
subject: Nepal.

description: This report documents the main findings of the vulnerable profiling work carried out in Viet Nam, in cooperation with national partners and under the framework of a UNDP “Policy and Strategy for Sustainable Food Security in Viet Nam” project, as a means t
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-ae066t.pdf
Prospects for Dark Energy Evolution: a Frequentist Multi-Probe Approach
Creators: name: Yeche, Ch.
name: Ealet, A.
name: Refregier, A.
name: Tao, C.
name: Tilquin, A.
name: Virey, J. -M.
name: Yvon, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A major quest in cosmology is the understanding of the nature of dark energy. It is now well known that a combination of cosmological probes is required to break the underlying degeneracies on cosmological parameters. In this paper, we present a method, based on a frequentist approach, to combine probes without any prior constraints, taking full account of the correlations in the parameters. As an application, a combination of current SNIa and CMB data with an evolving dark energy component is first compared to other analyses. We emphasise the consequences of the implementation of the dark energy perturbations on the result for a time varying equation of state. The impact of future weak lensing surveys on the measurement of dark energy evolution is then studied in combination with future measurements of the cosmic microwave background and type Ia supernovae. We present the combined results for future mid-term and long-term surveys and confirm that the combination with weak lensing is very powerful in breaking parameter degeneracies. A second generation of experiment is however required to achieve a 0.1 error on the parameters describing the evolution of dark energy.
description: Submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics 14 pages, 8 figures
Valuation methods for environmental benefits in forestry and watershed investment projects
Creators: name: Cavatassi, Romina
name: Cavatassi, Romina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: economic analysis
subject: forest values
subject: global environmental benefits
subject: externalities
subject: carbon sequestration

description: The understatement or omission of the environmental costs and benefits associated with forest management options results in project evaluations and policy prescriptions that are less than socially optimal. The aim of this paper is to examine the full rang
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-ae056t.pdf
Comparison of 13CO Line and Far-Infrared Continuum Emission as a Diagnostic of Dust and Molecular Gas Physical Conditions: II. The Simulations: Testing the Method
Creators: name: Wall, W. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reliability of modeling the far-IR continuum to 13CO J=1-0 spectral line ratios applied to the Orion clouds (Wall 2006) is tested by applying the models to simulated data. The two-component models are found to give the dust-gas temperature difference, $\DT$, to within 1 or 2$ $K. However, other parameters like the column density per velocity interval and the gas density can be wrong by an order of magnitude or more. In particular, the density can be systematically underestimated by an order of magnitude or more. The overall mass of the clouds is estimated correctly to within a few percent. The one-component models estimate the column density per velocity interval and density within factors of 2 or 3, but their estimates of $\DT$ can be wrong by 20$ $K. They also underestimate the mass of the clouds by 40-50%. These results may permit us to reliably constrain estimates of the Orion clouds' physical parameters, based on the real observations of the far-IR continuum and 13CO J=1-0 spectral line. Nevertheless, other systematics must be treated first. These include the effects of background/foreground subtraction, effects of the HI component of the ISM, and others. These will be discussed in a future paper (Wall 2006a).
description: The somewhat severe restriction imposed by arXiv.org on file size required me to simplify some figures. Consequently, many figures show no error bars
Using classical Cepheids to study the far side of the Milky Way disk: I. Spectroscopic classification and the metallicity gradient
Creators: name: Minniti, J. H.
name: Sbordone, L.
name: Rojas-Arriagada, A.
name: Zoccali, M.
name: Ramos, R. Contreras
name: Minniti, D.
name: Marconi, M.
name: Braga, V. F.
name: Catelan, M.
name: Duffau, S.
name: Gieren, W.
name: Valcarce, A. A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure, kinematics, and chemical composition of the far side of the Milky Way disk, beyond the bulge, are still to be revealed. Classical Cepheids (CCs) are young and luminous standard candles. We aim to use a well-characterized sample of these variable stars to study the present time properties of the far side of the Galactic disk. A sample of 45 Cepheid variable star candidates were selected from near infrared time series photometry obtained by the VVV survey. We characterized this sample using high quality near infrared spectra obtained with VLT/X-Shooter, deriving radial velocities and iron abundances for all the sample Cepheids. This allowed us to separate the CCs, which are metal rich and with kinematics consistent with the disk rotation, from type II Cepheids (T2Cs), which are more metal poor and with different kinematics. We estimated individual distances and extinctions using VVV photometry and period-luminosity relations, reporting the characterization of 30 CCs located on the far side of the Galactic disk, plus 8 T2Cs mainly located in the bulge region, of which 10 CCs and 4 T2Cs are new discoveries. This is the first sizeable sample of CCs in this distant region of our Galaxy that has been spectroscopically confirmed. We use their positions, kinematics, and metallicities to confirm that the general properties of the far disk are similar to those of the well-studied disk on the solar side of the Galaxy. In addition, we derive for the first time the radial metallicity gradient on the disk's far side. Considering all the CCs with $R_{\mathrm{GC}} < 17\,\rm{kpc}$, we measure a gradient with a slope of $-0.062 \, \mathrm{dex\, kpc^{-1}}$ and an intercept of $+0.59 \, \rm{dex}$, which is in agreement with previous determinations based on CCs on the near side of the disk.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Identifying the factors that influence small-scale farmers' transaction costs in relation to seed acquisition
Creators: name: Badstue, Lone B.
name: Badstue, Lone B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Farm Management
subject: Small-scale farmers
subject: Transaction costs
subject: Seed acquisitions
subject: Maize (Zea mays L.)
subject: Informal seed sector
subject: Oaxaca

description: Using an ethnographic approach, this study explores small-scale farmers’ perceived transaction costs in relation to maize seed acquisition in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca. These farmers have different needs and require seed of diverse maize types with mu
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-ae126t.pdf
Mining for co-occurring motion trajectories : sport analysis
Creators: name: Dimitrijević, Maja
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis investigates the applicability of a data mining algorithm for automatic pattern discovery widely used for conventional databases, called Apriori, to a new domain - 2D motion trajectory data. This is one the first attempts to analyze motion trajectory data, in the data mining style, i.e., to develop methods for automatic finding of interesting patterns or rules in the object motion trajectories. While our focus is on the application to the hockey game analysis, similar methods could also be used in the area of video surveillance, for sport game strategies, or more generally in geographic applications. More specifically, our focus is on the discovery of the hockey game patterns that contain frequent motion trajectories of the hockey players, where the frequency is defined with respect to a motion trajectory similarity measure. Furthermore, the patterns relate motion of the players of the same or opposing teams, which should be correlated according to their roles in the game. We design and implement a system that discovers such patterns, and test its effectiveness and efficiency on a real life and semi-randomly generated data set. Our effectiveness tests tend to prove the right choice of the motion trajectory similarity measure, and the validity of the algorithm. Our tests also include a comparison of using the Apriori algorithm, with a semi-naive algorithm, proving the importance of using Apriori, which outperforms the semi-naive algorithm for various choices of parameters and data sizes.
High frequency longitudinal and transverse dynamics in water
Creators: name: Pontecorvo, E.
name: Krisch, M.
name: Cunsolo, A.
name: Monaco, G.
name: Mermet, A.
name: Verbeni, R.
name: Sette, F.
name: Ruocco, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-resolution, inelastic x-ray scattering measurements of the dynamic structure factor S(Q,ω) of liquid water have been performed for wave vectors Q between 4 and 30 nm^-1 in distinctly different thermodynamic conditions (T= 263 - 420 K ; at, or close to, ambient pressure and at P = 2 kbar). In agreement with previous inelastic x-ray and neutron studies, the presence of two inelastic contributions (one dispersing with Q and the other almost non-dispersive) is confirmed. The study of their temperature- and Q-dependence provides strong support for a dynamics of liquid water controlled by the structural relaxation process. A viscoelastic analysis of the Q-dispersing mode, associated with the longitudinal dynamics, reveals that the sound velocity undergoes the complete transition from the adiabatic sound velocity (c_0) (viscous limit) to the infinite frequency sound velocity (c_\infinity) (elastic limit). On decreasing Q, as the transition regime is approached from the elastic side, we observe a decrease of the intensity of the second, weakly dispersing feature, which completely disappears when the viscous regime is reached. These findings unambiguously identify the second excitation to be a signature of the transverse dynamics with a longitudinal symmetry component, which becomes visible in the S(Q,ω) as soon as the purely viscous regime is left.
description: 28 pages, 12 figures
Colour superconductivity in a strong magnetic field
Creators: name: Ferrer, Efrain J.
name: de la Incera, Vivian
name: Manuel, Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the effects of an applied strong external magnetic field in a three flavour massless colour superconductor. The long-range component of the B field that penetrates the superconductor enhances some quark condensates, leading to a different condensation pattern. The external field also reduces the flavour symmetries in the system, and thus it changes drastically the corresponding low energy physics. Our considerations are relevant for the study of highly magnetized compact stars.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure; contribution to the proceedings of QFEXT05, Barcelona (Spain), September 2005
The FRET-based structural dynamics challenge -- community contributions to consistent and open science practices
Creators: name: Lerner, Eitan
name: Ambrose, Benjamin
name: Barth, Anders
name: Birkedal, Victoria
name: Blanchard, Scott C.
name: Borner, Richard
name: Cordes, Thorben
name: Craggs, Timothy D.
name: Ha, Taekjip
name: Haran, Gilad
name: Hugel, Thorsten
name: Ingargiola, Antonino
name: Kapanidis, Achillefs
name: Lamb, Don C.
name: Laurence, Ted
name: Lee, Nam ki
name: Lemke, Edward A.
name: Margeat, Emmanuel
name: Michaelis, Jens
name: Michalet, Xavier
name: Nettels, Daniel
name: Peulen, Thomas-Otavio
name: Schuler, Benjamin
name: Seidel, Claus A. M.
name: So-leimaninejad, Hamid
name: Weiss, Shimon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) has become a mainstream technique for probing biomolecular structural dynamics. The rapid and wide adoption of the technique by an ever-increasing number of groups has generated many improvements and variations in the technique itself, in methods for sample preparation and characterization, in analysis of the data from such experiments, and in analysis codes and algorithms. Recently, several labs that employ smFRET have joined forces to try to bring the smFRET community together in adopting a consensus on how to perform experiments and analyze results for achieving quantitative structural information. These recent efforts include multi-lab blind-tests to assess the accuracy and precision of smFRET between different labs using different procedures, the formal assembly of the FRET community and development of smFRET procedures to be considered for entries in the wwPDB. Here we delve into the different approaches and viewpoints in the field. This position paper describes the current "state-of-the field", points to unresolved methodological issues for quantitative structural studies, provides a set of 'soft recommendations' about which an emerging consensus exists, and a list of resources that are openly available. To make further progress, we strongly encourage 'open science' practices. We hope that this position paper will provide a roadmap for newcomers to the field, as well as a reference for seasoned practitioners.
Hexagons become second if symmetry is broken
Creators: name: Reimann, Bert
name: Richter, Reinhard
name: Knieling, Holger
name: Friedrichs, Rene
name: Rehberg, Ingo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pattern formation on the free surface of a magnetic fluid subjected to a magnetic field is investigated experimentally. By tilting the magnetic field the symmetry can be broken in a controllable manner. When increasing the amplitude of the tilted field, the flat surface gives way to liquid ridges. A further increase results in a hysteretic transition to a pattern of stretched hexagons. The instabilities are detected by means of a linear array of magnetic hall sensors and compared with theoretical predictions.
description: accepted for publication by Physical Review E/Rapid Communication
Anisotropic superconducting strip in an oblique magnetic field
Creators: name: Brandt, E. H.
name: Mikitik, G. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The critical state of a thin superconducting strip in an oblique applied magnetic field H_a is analyzed without any restrictions on the dependence of the critical current density j_c on the local magnetic induction {\bf B}. In such a strip, j_c is not constant across the thickness of the sample and differs from J_c/d, where J_c is the critical sheet current. It is shown that in contrast to the case of {\bf B}-independent j_c, the profiles H_z(x) of the magnetic-field component perpendicular to the strip plane generally depend on the in-plane component H_{ax} of the applied magnetic field H_a, and on how H_a is switched on. On the basis of this analysis, we explain how and under what conditions one can extract j_c({\bf B}) from the magnetic-field profiles H_z(x) measured by magneto-optical imaging or by Hall-sensor arrays at the upper surface of the strip.
description: 7 pages with 4 figures
Being poor, feeling poorer: Combining objective and subjective measures of welfare in Albania
Creators: name: Carletto, Calogero
name: Zezza, Alberto
name: Carletto, Calogero
name: Zezza, Alberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Poverty
subject: Poverty Measurement
subject: Subjective Poverty
subject: Equivalence Scales
subject: Economies of Scale in Consumption
subject: Albania.

description: As shown empirically for many transition economies, even small changes in assumptions on economies of size and adult equivalence scales are likely to produce significant changes in the analysis of poverty and its distribution across households and indivi
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-ae067t.pdf
Experimental Test of the "Isotropic" Approximation for Granular Materials using p=constant Compression
Creators: name: Evesque, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental data from axially symmetric compression test at constant mean pressure p on Hostun sand from Bouvard experiments are used to study the validity of an "isotropic" modelling as a function of the density .The isotropic assumption is found to be quite good for loose samples and/or in the range of large pressure. For smaller mean pressure, anisotropic response is observed at few percents of axial deformation. Relation with anisotropic distribution of local force is made. Pacs # : 5.40 ; 45.70 ; 62.20 ; 83.70.Fn
description: 6 pages + 1 page, 1 figure
On a thermostated Kac model with rescaling
Creators: name: Cortez, Roberto
name: Tossounian, Hagop
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82C40 (Primary), 82C22 (Secondary)

description: We introduce a global thermostat on Kac's 1D model for the velocities of particles in a space-homogeneous gas subjected to binary collisions, also interacting with a (local) Maxwellian thermostat. The global thermostat rescales the velocities of all the particles, thus restoring the total energy of the system, which leads to an additional drift term in the corresponding nonlinear kinetic equation. We prove ergodicity for this equation, and show that its equilibrium distribution has a density that, depending on the parameters of the model, can exhibit heavy tails, and whose behaviour at the origin can range from being analytic, to being $C^k$, and even to blowing-up. Finally, we prove propagation of chaos for the associated $N$-particle system, with a uniform-in-time rate of order $N^{-η}$ in the squared $2$-Wasserstein metric, for an explicit $η\in (0, 1/3]$.
description: 33 pages, 1 figure
Investing in agriculture for growth and food security in the ACP countries
Creators: name: Skoet, Jacob
name: Stamoulis, Kostas
name: Deuss, Annelies
name: Skoet, Jacob
name: Stamoulis, Kostas
name: Deuss, Annelies
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: ACP countries
subject: hunger
subject: agriculture
subject: rural development
subject: food security
subject: resource mobilisation.

description: Countries in the ACP region will face significant challenges in the years to come as they try to step up economic growth, deal with increasingly integrated world markets and meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), especially those focused on hunger
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-ae404t.pdf
The Jahn-Teller effect and spin--orbit coupling: friends or foes?
Creators: name: Streltsov, S. V.
name: Khomskii, D. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Jahn-Teller effect is one of the most fundamental phenomena important not only for physics, but also for chemistry and material science. Solving the Jahn-Teller problem and taking into account strong electron correlations we show that quantum entanglement of the spin and orbital degrees of freedom via spin--orbit coupling strongly affects this effect. Depending on the number of $d$ electrons it may quench (electronic configurations $t_{2g}^2$, $t_{2g}^4$, and $t_{2g}^5$), partially suppress ($t_{2g}^1$) or in contrast induce ($t_{2g}^3$) Jahn-Teller distortions. Moreover, in certain situations, interplay between the Jahn-Teller effect and spin--orbit coupling promotes formation of the "Mexican hat" energy surface facilitating various quantum phenomena.
Resource Abundance, Poverty and Development
Creators: name: Bulte, Erwin H.
name: Damania, Richard
name: Deacon, Robert T.
name: Bulte, Erwin H.
name: Damania, Richard
name: Deacon, Robert T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: resource abundance
subject: economic growth
subject: developing countries
subject: cross-country analysis.

description: The negative correlation between resource endowments and GDP growth remains one of the most robust findings in the empirical growth literature, and has been coined the "resource curse hypothesis". The policy consequences of this result are potentially far reaching. If natural resources are an inescapable curse, this may imply that countries richly endowed with natural resources can only develop by turning their backs on their comparative advantage and diversifying into other non-resource based activities. This paper analyzes whether the negative statistical relationship between natural resource abundance and economic growth spills over to other important economic and social indicators. The impact of resource wealth on several proxies of economic underdevelopment and welfare are scrutinized. While underdevelopment and welfare are clearly not independent of economic growth, it is known that there exist important differences between these variables. The research presented in this paper represents a step forward in the understanding of the resource curse, and the channels through which it is manifested.
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/a-ae058t.pdf
D0 Search for the Higgs Boson in Multijet Events
Creators: name: Melnitchouk, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present two searches for the Higgs boson in \sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV p\bar{p}collisions using data taken with the \dz detector during Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider. The first study is a search for neutral Higgs bosons produced in association with bottom quarks. We set upper limits on the production of neutral Higgs bosons in the mass range of 90 to 150 GeV.The second study is a search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with the Z boson. We study the p\bar{p}\to ZH \to ν\barν b \bar{b} channel, which is one of the most sensitive ways to search for light Higgs bosons at the Tevatron. We search for a peak in invariant mass distribution of two b-tagged jets. After subtracting the backgrounds, we set the 95% C.L. upper limits on the σ(p\bar{p} \to ZH \to ν\barν) \times BR(H) \to b\bar{b}) for Higgs masses between 105 and 135 GeV.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, PANIC2005, to be published in AIP proceedings
Global monopoles, cosmological constant and maximal mass conjecture
Creators: name: Brihaye, Yves
name: Hartmann, Betti
name: Radu, Eugen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider global monopoles as well as black holes with global monopole hair in Einstein-Goldstone model with a cosmological constant in four spacetime dimensions. Similar to the $Λ=0$ case, the mass of these solutions defined in the standard way diverges. We use a boundary counterterm subtraction method to compute the mass and action of $Λ\neq 0$ configurations. The mass of the asymptotically de Sitter solutions computed in this way turns out to take positive values in a specific parameter range and, for a relaxed set of asymptotic boundary conditions, yields a counterexample to the maximal mass conjecture.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures; v2: references added, typos corrected, extended discussion on mass computation
Interactions between the Agricultural Sector and the HIV/AIDS Pandemic: Implications for Agricultural Policy
Creators: name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Villarreal, Marcela
name: Pingali, Prabhu L.
name: Hemrich, Gunter
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Villarreal, Marcela
name: Pingali, Prabhu L.
name: Hemrich, Gunter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Policy
subject: HIV/AIDS
subject: Structural Transformation
subject: Production Factors.

description: This paper considers how the design of agricultural policies and programmes might be modified to better achieve policy objectives in the context of severe HIV epidemics and underscores the central role of agricultural policy in mitigating the spread and impacts of the epidemic. Based on projections of future demographic change in the hardest-hit countries of eastern and southern Africa, HIV/AIDS is likely to have the following effects on the agricultural sector: (1) increased rural inequality caused by disproportionately severe effects of AIDS on relatively poor households; (2) a reduction in household assets and wealth, leading to less capital-intensive cropping systems for severely affected communities and households; and (3) problems in transferring knowledge of crop husbandry and marketing to the succeeding generation of African farmers. It is argued that -- even though the absolute number of working age adults in the hardest-hit countries is projected to remain roughly the same over the next two decades -- the cost of labour in agriculture may rise in some areas as increasing scarcity of capital (notably, animal draft power for land preparation and weeding) will increase the demand for labour in agricultural production or shift agricultural systems to less labour- and capital-intensive crops. The paper suggests that the most effective means for agricultural policy to respond to HIV/AIDS will entail focusing on: (1) investing in agricultural research to generate improved technologies capable of raising the productivity of crop and livestock systems; (2) rehabilitating agricultural extension services; (3) instituting crop and input marketing systems that contribute to small scale farmers productivity and food security. Finally, the paper provides some elements of a framework for governments and donors to assess and potentially modify existing agricultural programmes, policies, and investment strategies for achieving their agricultural and rural development objectives after factoring in the impacts of HIV/AIDS on the rural socio-economy.
description: FAO Document Repository: http://www.fao.org/3/ae061e/ae061e00.pdf
Iceberg-cube computation with PC cluster
Creators: name: Yin, Yu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Iceberg queries constitute one of the most important classes of queries for OLAP applications. This thesis investigates using low cost PC clusters to parallelize the computation of iceberg queries. We concentrate on techniques for querying large, high-dimensional data sets. Our exploration of an algorithmic space considers tradeoffs between parallelism, compuation, memory and I/O. The main contribution of this thesis is the development and evaluation of various novel, parallel algorithms for CUBE computation and online aggregation. These include the following: one, the CUBE Algorithm RP, which is a straightforward parallel version of BUC[BR99]; two, the CUBE Algorithm BPP, which attempts to reduce I/O by outputting results in a more efficient way; three, the CUBE Algorithms ASL and AHT, which maintain cells in a cuboid in a skip list and a hash table respectively, designed to put the utmost priority on load balancing; four, alternatively, the CUBE Algorithm PT load-balances by using binary partitioning to divide the cube lattice as evenly as possible; and five, the online aggregating algorithm POL, based on ASL and sampling technique, which gives back instant response and further progressive refinement. We present a thorough performance evaluation of all these algorithms in a variety of parameters, including the dimensionality and the sparseness the cube, the selectivity of the constraints, the number of processors, and the size of the data set. The key to understanding the CUBE algorithms is in that one-algorithm-does-not-fit- all. We recommend a "recipe" which uses PT as the default algorithm, but may also deploy ASL or AHT in appropriate circumstances. The online aggregation algorithm, POL, is especially suitable for computing a high dimensional query over a large data set with a cluster of machines connected by high speed networks.
Asymmetry of magnetic-field profiles in superconducting strips
Creators: name: Mikitik, G. P.
name: Brandt, E. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the magnetic-field profiles H_z(x) at the upper (lower) surface of a superconducting strip in an external magnetic field, with z perpendicular to the plane of the strip and x along its width. The external magnetic field H_a is perpendicular or inclined to the plane of the strip. We show that an asymmetry of the profiles H_z(x) appears in an oblique magnetic field H_a and also in the case when the angular dependence of the critical current density j_c in the superconductor is not symmetric relative to the z axis. The asymmetry of the profiles is related to the difference ΔH_z(x) of the magnetic fields at the upper and lower surfaces of the strip, which we calculate. Measurement of this difference or, equivalently, of the asymmetry of the profiles can be used as a new tool for investigation of flux-line pinning in superconductors.
description: 9 pages with 7 figures
Competitiveness and Agri-food Trade: An Empirical Analysis in the European Union
Creators: name: Banterle, Alessandro
name: Banterle, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: competitive performance measures
subject: competitiveness
subject: agri-food trade
subject: European Union

description: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the competitive performance of the EU countries for food trade in the European market during the period 1990-2003. To assess such performance the analysis considers comparative advantage and evaluates three indices: export market share (EMS), revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and net export index (NEI). These three indices are found to be high in the Netherlands, France, Belgium and Spain, but only Spain has shown significant competitive performance during the last decade. Also the competitive performance of Germany and Italy is good, although their RCA and NEI values are low. Among the other countries the trend in the indices for Austria, Portugal and Sweden is on the increase.
Interactive Music and Synchronous Reactive Programming
Creators: name: Petit, Bertrand
name: Serrano, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents Skini, a programming methodology and an execution environment for interactive structured music. With this system, the composer programs his scores in the HipHop.js synchronous reactive language. They are then executed, or played, in live concerts, in interaction with the audience. The system aims at helping composers to find a good balance between the determinism of the compositions and the nondeterminism of the interactions with the public. Each execution of a Skini score yields to a different but aesthetically consistent interpretation. This work raises many questions in the musical fields. How to combine composition and interaction? How to control the musical style when the audience influences what is to play next? What are the possible connections with generative music? These are important questions for the Skini system but they are out of the scope of this paper that focuses exclusively on the computer science aspects of the system. From that perspective, the main questions are how to program the scores and in which language? General purpose languages are inappropriate because their elementary constructs (i.e., variables, functions, loops, etc.) do not match the constructions needed to express music and musical constraints. We show that synchronous programming languages are a much better fit because they rely on temporal constructs that can be directly used to represent musical scores and because their malleability enables composers to experiment easily with artistic variations of their initial scores. The paper mostly focuses on scores programming. It exposes the process a composer should follow from his very first musical intuitions up to the generation of a musical artifact. The paper presents some excerpts of the programming of a classical music composition that it then precisely relates to an actual recording. Examples of techno music and jazz are also presented, with audio artifact, to demonstrate the versatility of the system. Finally, brief presentations of past live concerts are presented as an evidence of viability of the system.
Creation of Kink and Antikink Pairs Forced By Radiation
Creators: name: Romanczukiewicz, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction between kink and radiation in nonlinear one-dimensional real scalar field is investigated. The process of discrete vibrational mode excitation in $ϕ^4$ model is considered. The role of this oscillations in creation of kink and antikink is discussed. Numerical results are presented as well as some attempts of analytical explanations. An intriguing fractal structure in parameter space dividing regions with creation and without is also presented.
Vor 50 Jahren : Weltbund für Internationale Freundschaftsarbeit der Kirchen
Creators: name: Siegmund-Schultze, Friedrich
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 13 Nr. 4 (1964): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 13, Heft 4
CAP Reform in the Light of the WTO Doha Round Negotiations
Creators: name: Halmai, Peter
name: Elekes, Andrea
name: Halmai, Peter
name: Elekes, Andrea
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: CAP reform
subject: WTO
subject: decoupling

description: Our paper focuses on the question: how the measures of June 2003 agreement can help the EU to meet the new WTO commitments. As decoupling of direct payments and WTO classification of the new payments seem to be one of the most important questions from the point of view of WTO negotiations, our analysis focuses mainly on the Single Farm Payment (SFP). We assesses the decoupled nature of the single farm payment (SFP) based on WTO and OECD criteria. We conclude that the SFP meets not only the current WTO (design based) criteria of decoupling, but can also be qualified as effective fully decoupled system using the OECD terminology.
SMIE: Weakness is Power!: Auto-indentation with incomplete information
Creators: name: Monnier, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatic indentation of source code is fundamentally a simple matter of parsing the code and then applying language- and style-specific rules about relative indentation of the various constructs. Yet, in practice, full parsing is not always an option, either because of quirks of the language, or because the code is temporarily syntactically incorrect, or because of an incomplete or broken grammar. I present the design of Emacs's Simple-Minded Indentation Engine (SMIE), which gets its power from the weakness of the underlying parsing technique. It makes it possible to perform local parsing, which is hence unaffected by irrelevant surrounding code. This provides a form of graceful degradation in the face of incomplete, erroneous, or just plain problematic information.
Folding model analysis of proton scattering from $^{18,20,22}$O nuclei
Creators: name: Gupta, D.
name: Khan, E.
name: Blumenfeld, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The elastic and inelastic proton scattering on $^{18,20,22}$O nuclei are studied in a folding model formalism of nucleon-nucleus optical potential and inelastic form factor. The DDM3Y effective interaction is used and the ground state densities are obtained in continuum Skyrme-HFB approach. A semi-microscopic approach of collective form factors is done to extract the deformation parameters from inelastic scattering analysis while the microscopic approach uses the continuum QRPA form factors. Implications of the values of the deformation parameters, neutron and proton transition moments for the nuclei are discussed. The p-analyzing powers on $^{18,20,22}$O nuclei are also predicted in the same framework.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Long range vortex configurations in generalized models with the Maxwell or Chern-Simons dynamics
Creators: name: Andrade, I.
name: Bazeia, D.
name: Marques, M. A.
name: Menezes, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we deal with vortices in Maxwell-Higgs or Chern-Simons-Higgs models that engender long range tails. We find first order differential equations that support minimum energy solutions which solve the equations of motion. In the Maxwell scenario, we work with generalised magnetic permeabilities that lead to vortices described by solutions, magnetic field and energy density with power-law tails that extend farther than the standard exponential ones. We also find a manner to obtain a Chern-Simons model with the same scalar and magnetic field profiles of the Maxwell case. By doing so, we also find vortices with the aforementioned long range feature, which is also present in the electric field in the Chern-Simons model. The present results may motivate investigations on nonrelativistic models, in particular in the case involving Rydberg atoms, which are known to present long range interactions and relatively long lifetimes.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures. To appear in PRD
Brazilian Agricultural Credit Interest Rate Equalization Policy: A Growth Subsidy?
Creators: name: Castro, Eduardo Rodrigues De
name: Teixeira, Erly Cardoso
name: Castro, Eduardo Rodrigues De
name: Teixeira, Erly Cardoso
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: IRES subsidy
subject: growth
subject: input-output

description: The Brazilian Interest Rate Equalization System (IRES) subsidizes farmers by providing them with credit at lower than market interest rates. The objective of this research is to evaluate the IRES by comparing its monetary cost with its benefits as measured by Brazilian GDP growth. Estimates are carried out using input-output matrix. The results suggest that each Brazilian real spent by IRES to assist Brazilian family farms increases Brazilian GDP by R$ 1.75 and that each real spent to assist commercial farms increases GDP by R$ 3.57. The IRES is a subsidy that generates economic growth greater than its cost to society.