cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Pulsed VHE emission from the Crab Pulsar in the context of magnetocentrifugal particle acceleration
Creators: name: Osmanov, Z.
name: Rieger, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Crab Pulsar has been recently detected at very high energies (VHE) with its pulsed VHE emission reaching up to $1.5$ TeV. The VHE peaks appear synchronised with the peaks at GeV energies and show VHE spectra following hard power-law functions. These new findings have been interpreted as evidence for a gamma-ray production that happens very close to the light cylinder. Motivated by these experimental results we consider the efficiency of magnetocentrifugal particle acceleration in the magnetosphere of the Crab Pulsar, reexamining and extending results obtained in a previous work (Osmanov & Rieger 2009). It is shown that efficient magnetocentrifugal acceleration close to the light cylinder could provide the required electron Lorentz factors of $5\times 10^6$ and that the resulting inverse Compton (IC) scattering off thermal photons might explain the enigmatic TeV emission of the pulsar. We estimate the corresponding VHE luminosity and provide a derivation of its spectral characteristics, that appear remarkably close to the observational results to encourage further studies.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Design issues and volume based description of solids
Creators: name: Sankar, Balasubramanian.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Time and Charge-Sign Dependence of the Heliospheric Modulation of Cosmic Rays
Creators: name: Aslam, O. P. M.
name: Bisschoff, D.
name: Ngobeni, M. D.
name: Potgieter, M. S.
name: Munini, R.
name: Boezio, M.
name: Mikhailov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simultaneous and continuous observations of galactic cosmic-ray electrons and positrons from the PAMELA and AMS02 space experiments are most suitable for numerical modeling studies of the heliospheric modulation of these particles below 50 GeV. A well-established comprehensive three-dimensional modulation model is applied to compute full spectra for electrons and positrons with the purpose of reproducing the observed ratio positrons/electrons for a period which covers the previous long and unusual deep solar minimum activity and the recent maximum activity phase including the polarity reversal of the solar magnetic field. For this purpose the very local interstellar spectra for these particles were established first. Our study is focused on how the main modulation processes, including particle drifts, and other parameters such as the three major diffusion coefficients, had evolved, and how the corresponding charge-sign dependent modulation had occurred subsequently. The end result of our effort is the detailed reproduction of positron/electrons from 2006 to 2015, displaying both qualitative and quantitative agreement with the main observed features. Particularly, we determine how much particle drifts is needed to explain the time dependence exhibited by the observed positron/electron during each solar activity phase, especially during the polarity reversal phase when no well-defined magnetic polarity was found.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, Submitted to Astrophysical Journal
Burrows-Wheeler transform and LCP array construction in constant space
Creators: name: Louza, Felipe A.
name: Gagie, Travis
name: Telles, Guilherme P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this article we extend the elegant in-place Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) algorithm proposed by Crochemore et al. (Crochemore et al., 2015). Our extension is twofold: we first show how to compute simultaneously the longest common prefix (LCP) array as well as the BWT, using constant additional space; we then show how to build the LCP array directly in compressed representation using Elias coding, still using constant additional space and with no asymptotic slowdown. Furthermore, we provide a time/space tradeoff for our algorithm when additional memory is allowed. Our algorithm runs in quadratic time, as does Crochemore et al.'s, and is supported by interesting properties of the BWT and of the LCP array, contributing to our understanding of the time/space tradeoff curve for building indexing structures.
description: Accepted to JDA
A Continuous Variable Born Machine
Creators: name: Čepaitė, Ieva
name: Coyle, Brian
name: Kashefi, Elham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generative Modelling has become a promising use case for near term quantum computers. In particular, due to the fundamentally probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics, quantum computers naturally model and learn probability distributions, perhaps more efficiently than can be achieved classically. The Born machine is an example of such a model, easily implemented on near term quantum computers. However, in its original form, the Born machine only naturally represents discrete distributions. Since probability distributions of a continuous nature are commonplace in the world, it is essential to have a model which can efficiently represent them. Some proposals have been made in the literature to supplement the discrete Born machine with extra features to more easily learn continuous distributions, however, all invariably increase the resources required to some extent. In this work, we present the continuous variable Born machine, built on the alternative architecture of continuous variable quantum computing, which is much more suitable for modelling such distributions in a resource-minimal way. We provide numerical results indicating the models ability to learn both quantum and classical continuous distributions, including in the presence of noise.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
Are there two types of pulsars?
Creators: name: Contopoulos, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to investigate the importance of dissipation in the pulsar magnetosphere we decided to combine Force-Free with Aristotelian Electrodynamics. We obtain solutions that are ideal (non-dissipative) everywhere except in an equatorial current sheet where Poynting flux from both hemispheres converges and is dissipated into particle acceleration and radiation. We find significant dissipative losses (up to about 50% of the pulsar spindown luminosity), similar to what is found in global PIC simulations in which particles are provided only on the stellar surface. We conclude that there might indeed exist two types of pulsars, strongly dissipative ones with particle injection only from the stellar surface, and ideal (weakly dissipative) ones with particle injection in the outer magnetosphere and in particular at the Y-point.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, Monthly Notices Letters
Sampling constrained stochastic trajectories using Brownian bridges
Creators: name: Koehl, Patrice
name: Orland, Henri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new method to sample conditioned trajectories of a system evolving under Langevin dynamics, based on Brownian bridges. The trajectories are conditioned to end at a certain point (or in a certain region) in space. The bridge equations can be recast exactly in the form of a non linear stochastic integro-differential equation. This equation can be very well approximated when the trajectories are closely bundled together in space, i.e. at low temperature, or for transition paths. The approximate equation can be solved iteratively, using a fixed point method. We discuss how to choose the initial trajectories and show some examples of the performance of this method on some simple problems. The method allows to generate conditioned trajectories with a high accuracy.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Estratto di frutta dal retrogusto antivirale
Creators: name: Luganini, Anna
name: Sibille, Giulia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: vaccini, pandemia, virus, frutta e verdura

description: La recente pandemia da Sars-CoV-2 ci ha fatto capire molto su come affrontare un’infezione virale, o peggio una pandemia. Sicuramente la prima ®® che i vaccini sono la miglior arma di protezione che abbiamo per difenderci dai microrganismi. Grazie alla vaccinazione siamo protetti perché è come se le nostre cellule indossassero l’armatura del Lancillotto: ricordiamoci perché ricordiamoci che questa protezione non è sempre invincibile, quindi il virus può trovare altre vie di ingresso per colpirci! Continua a leggere
Photonic hyperuniform networks by silicon double inversion of polymer templates
Creators: name: Muller, Nicolas
name: Haberko, Jakub
name: Marichy, Catherine
name: Scheffold, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hyperuniform disordered networks belong to a peculiar class of structured materials predicted to possess partial and complete photonic bandgaps for relatively moderate refractive index contrasts. The practical realization of such photonic designer materials is challenging however, as it requires control over a multi-step fabcrication process on optical length scales. Here we report the direct-laser writing of hyperuniform polymeric templates followed by a silicon double inversion procedure leading to high quality network structures made of polycrystalline silicon. We observe a pronounced gap in the shortwave infrared centered at a wavelength of $λ_{\text{Gap}}\simeq $ 2.5 $μ$m, in nearly quantitative agreement with numerical simulations. In the experiments the typical structural length scale of the seed pattern can be varied between 2 $μ$m and 1.54 $μ$m leading to a blue-shift of the gap accompanied by an increase of the silicon volume filling fraction.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
Massive MIMO Hybrid Precoding for LEO Satellite Communications With Twin-Resolution Phase Shifters and Nonlinear Power Amplifiers
Creators: name: You, Li
name: Qiang, Xiaoyu
name: Li, Ke-Xin
name: Tsinos, Christos G.
name: Wang, Wenjin
name: Gao, Xiqi
name: Ottersten, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission technology has recently attracted much attention in the non-geostationary, e.g., low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication (SATCOM) systems since it can significantly improve the energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency. In this work, we develop a hybrid analog/digital precoding technique in the massive MIMO LEO SATCOM downlink, which reduces the onboard hardware complexity and power consumption. In the proposed scheme, the analog precoder is implemented via a more practical twin-resolution phase shifting (TRPS) network to make a meticulous tradeoff between the power consumption and array gain. In addition, we consider and study the impact of the distortion effect of the nonlinear power amplifiers (NPAs) in the system design. By jointly considering all the above factors, we propose an efficient algorithmic approach for the TRPS-based hybrid precoding problem with NPAs. Numerical results show the EE gains considering the nonlinear distortion and the performance superiority of the proposed TRPS-based hybrid precoding scheme over the baselines.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, to appear in IEEE Transactions on Communications
Nerve and muscle properties in the rat and cat during growth and regeneration
Creators: name: Ziegenbein, Robert William.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
The First Data Release of CNIa0.02 -- A Complete Nearby (Redshift <0.02) Sample of Type Ia Supernova Light Curves
Creators: name: Chen, Ping
name: Dong, Subo
name: Kochanek, C. S.
name: Stanek, K. Z.
name: Post, R. S.
name: Stritzinger, M. D.
name: Prieto, J. L.
name: Filippenko, Alexei V.
name: Kollmeier, Juna A.
name: Elias-Rosa, N.
name: Katz, Boaz
name: Tomasella, Lina
name: Bose, S.
name: Ashall, Chris
name: Benetti, S.
name: Bersier, D.
name: Brimacombe, Joseph
name: Brink, Thomas G.
name: Brown, P.
name: Buckley, David A. H.
name: Cappellaro, Enrico
name: Christie, Grant W.
name: Fraser, Morgan
name: Gromadzki, Mariusz
name: Holoien, Thomas W. -S.
name: Hu, Shaoming
name: Kankare, Erkki
name: Koff, Robert
name: Lundqvist, P.
name: Mattila, S.
name: Milne, P. A.
name: Morrell, Nidia
name: Munoz, J. A.
name: Mutel, Robert
name: Natusch, Tim
name: Nicolas, Joel
name: Pastorello, A.
name: Prentice, Simon
name: Roth, Tyler
name: Shappee, B. J.
name: Stone, Geoffrey
name: Thompson, Todd A.
name: Villanueva, Steven
name: Zheng, WeiKang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CNIa0.02 project aims to collect a complete, nearby sample of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) light curves, and the SNe are volume-limited with host-galaxy redshifts z_host < 0.02. The main scientific goal is to infer the distributions of key properties (e.g., the luminosity function) of local SNe Ia in a complete and unbiased fashion in order to study SN explosion physics. We spectroscopically classify any SN candidate detected by the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) that reaches peak brightness < 16.5 mag. Since ASAS-SN scans the full sky and does not target specific galaxies, our target selection is effectively unbiased by host-galaxy properties. We perform multi-band photometric observations starting from the time of discovery. In the first data release (DR1), we present the optical light curves obtained for 247 SNe from our project (including 148 SNe in the complete sample), and we derive parameters such as the peak fluxes, dm15 and s_BV.
description: published in ApJS
Spatially Resolved Observations of Betelgeuse at 7mm and 1.3cm Just Prior to the Great Dimming
Creators: name: Matthews, L. D.
name: Dupree, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spatially resolved observations of Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis) obtained with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) at wavelengths of ~7mm (44~GHz) and ~1.3cm (22~GHz) on 2019 August 2, just prior to the onset of the historical optical dimming that occurred between late 2019 and early 2020. Our measurements suggest recent changes in the temperature and density structure of the atmosphere between radii r~2-3R*. At 7mm the star is ~20% dimmer than in previously published observing epochs between 1996--2004. We measure a mean gas temperature of T_B = 2270 +\- 260 K at r~2.1R*, where R* is the canonical photospheric radius. This is ~2 sigma lower than previously reported temperatures at comparable radii and >1200K lower than predicted by previous semi-empirical models of the atmosphere. The measured brightness temperature at r~2.6R* (T_B = 2580 +\- 260 K) is also cooler than expected based on trends in past measurements. The stellar brightness profile in our current measurements appears relatively smooth and symmetric, with no obvious signatures of giant convective cells or other surface features. However, the azimuthally averaged brightness profile is found to be more complex than a uniform elliptical disk. Our observations were obtained approximately six weeks before spectroscopic measurements in the ultraviolet revealed evidence of increases in the chromospheric electron density in the southern hemisphere of Betelgeuse, coupled with a large-scale outflow. We discuss possible scenarios linking these events with the observed radio properties of the star, including the passage of a strong shock wave.
description: 11 pages. Accepted to ApJ
Reconstruction of polytopes from the modulus of the Fourier transform with small wave length
Creators: name: Engel, Konrad
name: Laasch, Bastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 42B10 (Primary) 52B11, 81U40 (Secondary)

description: Let $\mathcal{P}$ be an $n$-dimensional convex polytope and $\mathcal{S}$ be a hypersurface in $\mathbb{R}^n$. This paper investigates potentials to reconstruct $\mathcal{P}$ or at least to compute significant properties of $\mathcal{P}$ if the modulus of the Fourier transform of $\mathcal{P}$ on $\mathcal{S}$ with wave length $λ$, i.e., $|\int_{\mathcal{P}} e^{-i\frac{1}λ\mathbf{s}\cdot\mathbf{x}} \,\mathbf{dx}|$ for $\mathbf{s}\in\mathcal{S}$, is given, $λ$ is sufficiently small and $\mathcal{P}$ and $\mathcal{S}$ have some well-defined properties. The main tool is an asymptotic formula for the Fourier transform of $\mathcal{P}$ with wave length $λ$ when $λ\rightarrow 0$. The theory of X-ray scattering of nanoparticles motivates this study since the modulus of the Fourier transform of the reflected beam wave vectors are approximately measurable in experiments.
LOss-Based SensiTivity rEgulaRization: towards deep sparse neural networks
Creators: name: Tartaglione, Enzo
name: Bragagnolo, Andrea
name: Fiandrotti, Attilio
name: Grangetto, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: LOBSTER (LOss-Based SensiTivity rEgulaRization) is a method for training neural networks having a sparse topology. Let the sensitivity of a network parameter be the variation of the loss function with respect to the variation of the parameter. Parameters with low sensitivity, i.e. having little impact on the loss when perturbed, are shrunk and then pruned to sparsify the network. Our method allows to train a network from scratch, i.e. without preliminary learning or rewinding. Experiments on multiple architectures and datasets show competitive compression ratios with minimal computational overhead.
Nickel-catalysed hydrocarboxylation of alkynes
Creators: name: Bangun, Nimpan.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
A new statistical distance scale for planetary nebulae, based on Gaia EDR3
Creators: name: Ali, A.
name: Algarni, E.
name: Mindil, A.
name: Alghamdi, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: astrophysics

description: The present work aims to build a new statistical distance scale for planetary nebulae (PNe) based on a rigorous calibration sample. The distances of the calibration sample are derived from the trigonometric parallax method using the recent measurements of Gaia early third data release (Gaia EDR3). The new distance scale is created by applying the well-known linear relationship between the radio surface brightness temperature and the nebular radius. The calibration sample is made up of 96 PNe of accurately computed distances with uncertainties less than $20\%$. Earlier ground- and space-based trigonometric parallaxes of PNe display inconsistency with those of Gaia, particularly the HIPPARCOS results. In addition, these measurements have appreciably lower precision than that of Gaia. When compared to the trigonometric technique, the expansion and kinematic methods exhibited more consistency than the spectroscopic, extinction, gravity, and photo-ionization methods. Furthermore, contrary to earlier results in the literature, the extinction and gravity methods, on average, underestimate and slightly overestimate the PN distances. As a byproduct of extracting the Gaia parallaxes, we detect the radial velocity and variability for 14 and 3 PN central stars (CSs), respectively. To our knowledge, the variability of Hen 2-447 CS has been determined for the first time.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, 7 tables
Linking microstructural evolution and macro-scale friction behavior in metals
Creators: name: Argibay, Nicolas
name: Chandross, Michael E.
name: Cheng, Shengfeng
name: Michael, Joseph R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A correlation is established between the macro-scale friction regimes of metals and a transition between two dominant atomistic mechanisms of deformation. Metals tend to exhibit bi-stable friction behavior -- low and converging or high and diverging. These general trends in behavior are shown to be largely explained using a simplified model based on grain size evolution, as a function of contact stress and temperature, and are demonstrated for pure copper and gold. Specifically, the low friction regime is linked to the formation of ultra-nanocrystalline surface films (10 to 20 nm), driving toward shear accommodation by grain boundary sliding. Above a critical combination of stress and temperature -- demonstrated to be a material property -- shear accommodation transitions to dislocation dominated plasticity and high friction. We utilize a combination of experimental and computational methods to develop and validate the proposed structure-property relationship. This quantitative framework provides a shift from phenomenological to mechanistic and predictive fundamental understanding of friction for crystalline materials, including engineering alloys.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures
Non-Abelian gauge theories with composite fields in the background field method
Creators: name: Moshin, Pavel Yu.
name: Reshetnyak, Alexander A.
name: Castro, Ricardo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T10, 81T13, 81T18, 81T40, 81T70, 70S15, 70S05

description: Non-Abelian gauge theories with composite fields are examined in the background field method. Generating functionals of Green's functions for a Yang--Mills theory with composite and background fields are introduced, including the generating functional of vertex Green's functions (effective action). The corresponding Ward identities are obtained, and the issue of gauge dependence is investigated. A gauge variation of the effective action is found in terms of a nilpotent operator depending on the composite and background fields. On-shell independence from the choice of gauge fixing for the effective action is established. In the study of the Ward identities and gauge dependence, finite field-dependent BRST transformations with a background field are introduced and utilized on a systematic basis. On the one hand, this involves the consideration of (modified) Ward identities with a field-dependent anticommuting parameter, also depending on a non-trivial background.On the other hand, the issue of gauge dependence is studied with reference to a finite variation of the gauge Fermion. The concept of a joint introduction of composite and background fields to non-Abelian gauge theories is exemplified by the Gribov--Zwanziger theory, including the case of a local BRST-invariant horizon, and by the Volovich--Katanaev model of two-dimensional gravity with dynamical torsion.
description: 42 pages, presentation improved, references added, summary improved, version accepted for publication in Universe
Exploring QCD dynamics in medium energy $γA$ semiexclusive collisions
Creators: name: Larionov, A. B.
name: Strikman, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that studies of the semiexclusive large angle photon - nucleus reactions: $γ+ A\to h_1+h_2 +(A-1)^*$ with tagged photon beams of energies $6 ÷10$ GeV which can be performed in Hall D at Thomas Jefferson National Acceleration Facility (TJNAF) would allow to probe several aspects of the QCD dynamics: establish the $t$-range in which transition from soft to hard dynamics occurs, compare the strength of the interaction of various mesons and baryons with nucleons at the energies of few GeV, as well as look for the color transparency effects.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, minor revisions, version accepted in Phys. Lett. B
Ultraholomorphic sectorial extensions of Beurling type
Creators: name: Nenning, David Nicolas
name: Rainer, Armin
name: Schindl, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove sectorial extension theorems for ultraholomorphic function classes of Beurling type defined by weight functions with a controlled loss of regularity. The proofs are based on a reduction lemma, due to the second author, which allows to extract the Beurling from the Roumieu case, which was treated recently by Jiménez-Garrido, Sanz, and the third author. In order to have control on the opening of the sectors, where the extensions exist, we use the (mixed) growth index and the order of quasianalyticity of weight functions. As a consequence we obtain corresponding extension results for classes defined by weight sequences. Additionally, we give information on the existence of continuous linear extension operators.
description: 17 pages; paper was restructured and shortened, 15 pages, accepted for publication in Annals of Functional Analysis
The acute effects of maternal hyperthermia on the ovine fetus
Creators: name: Davies, Andrew Neil.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Real-time characterization of chemical threat agent aerosols for improvement of inhalation studies
Creators: name: de Bruin-Hoegée, Mirjam
name: Alkema, Duurt P. W.
name: Busker, Ruud W.
name: Joosen, Marloes J.A
name: van Wuijckhuijse, Arjan L.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry
Medicine
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Deliberate or accidental release of chemical treat agents in the aerosol form can cause an inhalation hazard. Since the relationship between aerosol properties and health hazards is poorly understood, research into the toxicological consequences of exposure to aerosols is needed. The aim of the present study was to improve the characterization of particles for inhalation studies. Several aerosol measurement technologies were compared for their potential to physically and chemically characterize particles in the inhalation size range in real-time. For that purpose, we compared the performance of an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS), a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and an electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI) in an experimental set-up in which particles were generated by a Collison nebulizer and subsequently delivered into a nose-only inhalation exposure system. We found that more than 95% of the number of particles, equating to more than 83% of the mass generated by the 6-jet Collison nebulizer, were below 0.5 µm. To characterize the entire size range, the APS as single detector has only limited value, therefore the addition of supplementary instrumentation such as the SMPS or the ELPI is required. After real-time measurements in the size range of 30 nm to 10 µm, ex-situ chromatographic chemical analysis is essential for quantification of the delivered mass concentration. In summary, the present work demonstrates the utility of the ELPI technology, in combination with off-line analysis, for characterizing aerosols with various size, shape, charge, and composition. This makes the aerosol generation and analysis suite described a promising tool for quantitative inhalation exposure studies. Multiple analysis techniques were applied for real-time aerosol characterizationAerosol size distributions are characterized for inhalation exposure studies.Analytical analysis following ELPI measurements is essential for mass quantification. Multiple analysis techniques were applied for real-time aerosol characterization Aerosol size distributions are characterized for inhalation exposure studies. Analytical analysis following ELPI measurements is essential for mass quantification.
Spectrum of light nuclei in a finite volume
Creators: name: Yaron, Roee
name: Bazak, Betzalel
name: Schäfer, Martin
name: Barnea, Nir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lattice quantum chromodynamics calculations of multi-baryon systems with physical quark masses would start a new age of ab initio predictions in nuclear physics. Performed on a finite grid, such calculations demand extrapolation of their finite volume numerical results to free-space physical quantities. Such extraction of the physical information can be carried out fitting effective field theories (EFTs) directly to the finite-volume results or utilizing the Lüscher free-space formula or its generalizations for extrapolating the lattice data to infinite volume. To understand better the effect of periodic boundary conditions on the binding energy of few nucleon systems we explore here light nuclei with physical masses in a finite box and in free space. The stochastic variational method is used to solve the few-body systems. Substantial optimizations of the method are introduced to enable efficient calculations in a periodic box. With the optimized code, we perform accurate calculations of light nuclei $A \le 4$ within leading order pionless EFT. Using Lüscher formula for the two-body system, and its generalization for 3- and 4-body systems, we examine the box effect and explore possible limitations of these formulas for the considered nuclear systems.
SWAG Newsletter (May, 1977)
Creators: name: Group, Victoria Status Of Women Action
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sex discrimination against women
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1114376
subject: Women's rights
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1178818
subject: Women
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176568
subject: Women--Societies and clubs
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176970
subject: Women--Employment--Law and legislation
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176724
subject: Feminism
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/922671
subject: Women--Legal status, laws, etc.
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176824
subject: Women--Social conditions
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176947
subject: Women--Economic conditions
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176665

description: The Victoria chapter of the Status of Women Action Group (SWAG) was formed in 1971 in response to the 1970 Report of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women. SWAG is a feminist organization that promotes economic, political and social equality and freedom for women. It is a non-profit society with several committees working on specific issues of concern to women. The group is an active member of the BC and Yukon Association of Women's Centres and the National Action Committee on the Status of Women.
title: Intraspecific taxonomy of plant genetic resources – Important for differentiation of medicinal and aromatic plants?
Creators: name: Lohwasser, Ulrike
name: Börner, Andreas
name: Marthe, Frank
Publisher: name: Julius Kühn-Institut
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: parsley
subject: plant genetic resources
subject: opium poppy
subject: taxonomy

description: Julius-Kühn-Archiv 453
description: Taxonomy of plant genetic resources is an important input in characterising and evaluating cultivated plants and essential for identification and documentation of the diversity of genebank collections. In former times taxonomical determination was based only on morphological characters. Nowadays, new molecular and chemical methods and techniques are available for providing additional information. As examples, investigations of parsley (Petroselinum crispum [Mill.] Nyman, Apiaceae) and opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L., Papaveraceae) collections of the German genebank are demonstrated. In addition to morphological description, the molecular distance and the phylogenetic relationship of the accessions were performed with molecular marker analysis. Essential oil compound and content for parsley and the content of the five main alkaloids (morphine, codeine, thebaine, noscapine, papaverine) for opium poppy were measured with GC (gas chromatography) and HPLC (high pressure liquid chromatography), respectively. For parsley the results of the three methods support the existing taxonomy partly, a separation of root and leaf parsley was confirmed. However, the taxonomy of opium poppy should be revised because molecular and chemical data do not verify the morphological results. But nevertheless taxonomy of cultivated plants is an important tool to describe the variability of plant genetic resources.
Asymptotic Symmetries in de Sitter and Inflationary Spacetimes
Creators: name: Ferreira, Ricardo Z.
name: Sandora, McCullen
name: Sloth, Martin S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Soft gravitons produced by the expansion of de Sitter can be viewed as the Nambu-Goldstone bosons of spontaneously broken asymptotic symmetries of the de Sitter spacetime. We explicitly construct the associated charges, and show that acting with the charges on the vacuum creates a new state equivalent to a change in the local coordinates induced by the soft graviton. While the effect remains unobservable within the domain of a single observer where the symmetry is unbroken, this change is physical when comparing different asymptotic observers, or between a transformed and un-transformed initial state, consistent with the scale-dependent statistical anisotropies previously derived using semiclassical relations. We then compute the overlap, $\langle0| 0'\rangle$, between the unperturbed de Sitter vacuum $|0\rangle$, and the state $| 0'\rangle$ obtained by acting $\mathcal{N}$ times with the charge. We show that when $\mathcal{N}\to M_p^2/H^2$ this overlap receives order one corrections and $\langle0| 0'\rangle\to 0$, which corresponds to an infrared perturbative breakdown after a time $t_{dS} \sim M_p^2/H^3$ has elapsed, consistent with earlier arguments in the literature arguing for a perturbative breakdown on this timescale. We also discuss the generalization to inflation, and rederive the 3-point and one-loop consistency relations.
description: 22 pages + appendices, 3 figures. V2: Typos fixed, references and clarifications added
Exotic phase transitions of k-cores in clustered networks
Creators: name: Bhat, Uttam
name: Shrestha, Munik
name: Hébert-Dufresne, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The giant $k$-core --- maximal connected subgraph of a network where each node has at least $k$ neighbors --- is important in the study of phase transitions and in applications of network theory. Unlike Erdős-Rényi graphs and other random networks where $k$-cores emerge discontinuously for $k\ge 3$, we show that transitive linking (or triadic closure) leads to 3-cores emerging through single or double phase transitions of both discontinuous and continuous nature. We also develop a $k$-core calculation that includes clustering and provides insights into how high-level connectivity emerges.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Search for heavy long-lived charged $R$-hadrons with the ATLAS detector in 3.2 fb$^{-1}$ of proton--proton collision data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for heavy long-lived charged $R$-hadrons is reported using a data sample corresponding to 3.2$^{-1}$ of proton--proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The search is based on observables related to large ionisation losses and slow propagation velocities, which are signatures of heavy charged particles travelling significantly slower than the speed of light. No significant deviations from the expected background are observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are provided on the production cross section of long-lived $R$-hadrons in the mass range from 600 GeV to 2000 GeV and gluino, bottom and top squark masses are excluded up to 1580 GeV, 805 GeV and 890 GeV, respectively.
description: 15 pages, plus author list: 32 pages total, 5 figures, 3 tables. Submitted to PLB. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/SUSY-2016-02/
Maximally symmetric nonlinear extension of electrodynamics and charged particles
Creators: name: Lechner, Kurt
name: Marchetti, Pieralberto
name: Sainaghi, Andrea
name: Sorokin, Dmitri P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider couplings of electrically and magnetically charged sources to the maximally symmetric non-linear extension of Maxwell's theory called ModMax. The aim is to reveal physical effects which distinguish ModMax from Maxwell's electrodynamics. We find that, in contrast to generic models of non-linear electrodynamics, Lienard-Wiechert fields induced by a moving electric or magnetic particle, or a dyon are exact solutions of the ModMax equations of motion. We then study whether and how ModMax non-linearity affects properties of electromagnetic interactions of charged objects, in particular the Lorentz force, the Coulomb law, the Lienard-Wiechert fields, Dirac's and Schwinger's quantization of electric and magnetic charges, and the Compton Effect. In passing we also present an alternative form of the ModMax Lagrangian in terms of the coupling of Maxwell's theory to axion-dilaton-like auxiliary scalar fields which may be relevant for revealing the effective field theory origin of ModMax.
description: 20 pages, v2: title changed to match the PRD version, typos corrected, references updated
Symplectically convex and symplectically star-shaped curves -- a variational problem
Creators: name: Albers, Peter
name: Tabachnikov, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article we propose a generalization of the 2-dimensional notions of convexity resp. being star-shaped to symplectic vector spaces. We call such curves symplectically convex resp. symplectically star-shaped. After presenting some basic results we study a family of variational problems for symplectically convex and symplectically star-shaped curves which is motivated by the affine isoperimetric inequality. These variational problems can be reduced back to two dimensions. For a range of the family parameter extremal points of the variational problem are rigid: they are multiply traversed conics. For all family parameters we determine when non-trivial first and second order deformations of conics exist. In the last section we present some conjectures and questions and two galleries created with the help of a Mathematica applet by Gil Bor.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures; v3: various minor typos corrected
Mathematical theory for topological photonic materials in one dimension
Creators: name: Lin, Junshan
name: Zhang, Hai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work presents a rigorous theory for topological photonic materials in one dimension. The main focus is on the existence and stability of interface modes that are induced by topological properties of the bulk structure. For a general 1D photonic structure with time-reversal symmetry, the associated Zak phase (or Berry phase) may not be quantized. We investigate the existence of an interface mode which is induced by a Dirac point upon perturbation. Specifically, we establish conditions on the perturbation which guarantee the opening of a band gap around the Dirac point and the existence of an interface mode. For a periodic photonic structure with both time-reversal and inversion symmetry, the Zak phase is quantized, taking only two values $0, π$. We show that the Zak phase is determined by the parity (even or odd) of the Bloch modes at the band edges. For a photonic structure consisting of two semi-infinite systems on the two sides of an interface with distinct topological indices, we show the existence of an interface mode inside the common gap. The stability of the mode under perturbations is also investigated. Finally, we study resonances for finite topological structures. Our results are based on the transfer matrix method and the oscillation theory for Sturm-Liouville operators. The methods and results can be extended to general topological Sturm-Liouville systems in one dimension.
An investigation into the mechanisms controlling vascular tone of the fetal vessels of the human isolated perfused placenta
Creators: name: Gude, Neil Murray.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Dynamic scaling in natural swarms
Creators: name: Cavagna, A.
name: Conti, D.
name: Creato, C.
name: Del Castello, L.
name: Giardina, I.
name: Grigera, T. S.
name: Melillo, S.
name: Parisi, L.
name: Viale, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collective behaviour in biological systems pitches us against theoretical challenges way beyond the borders of ordinary statistical physics. The lack of concepts like scaling and renormalization is particularly grievous, as it forces us to negotiate with scores of details whose relevance is often hard to assess. In an attempt to improve on this situation, we present here experimental evidence of the emergence of dynamic scaling laws in natural swarms. We find that spatio-temporal correlation functions in different swarms can be rescaled by using a single characteristic time, which grows with the correlation length with a dynamical critical exponent z~1. We run simulations of a model of self-propelled particles in its swarming phase and find z~2, suggesting that natural swarms belong to a novel dynamic universality class. This conclusion is strengthened by experimental evidence of non-exponential relaxation and paramagnetic spin-wave remnants, indicating that previously overlooked inertial effects are needed to describe swarm dynamics. The absence of a purely relaxational regime suggests that natural swarms are subject to a near-critical censorship of hydrodynamics.
description: 12 pages. 6 figures, 1 table and 2 supplementary videos
Level correlations of the CMB temperature angular power spectrum
Creators: name: Khan, Md Ishaque
name: Saha, Rajib
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If the principle of statistical isotropy is valid, then the angular power spectrum (APS) of cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation is uncorrelated between different multipoles. We propose a novel technique to analyse any possible correlations of the foreground cleaned CMB temperature angular power spectrum (APS) measures ($C_{\ell}$ and $\mathcal{D}_\ell=\frac{\ell(\ell+1)}{2π}C_\ell$). This is motivated by the behaviour of level spacings between random matrix eigenvalues. The method helps distinguish uncorrelated statistically isotropic CMB APS from correlated APS, where the latter can arise due to breakdown of isotropy or presence of some residual systematics in the foreground cleaned CMB maps. Spacings of statistically isotropic CMB $C_\ell$'s and $\mathcal{D}_\ell$'s are seen to closely obey Poisson statistics and introduction of correlations changes the distribution to appropriate Wigner-Dyson statistics. For foreground cleaned CMB, we employ the average spacing of consecutive multipole APS for multipoles $\in [2,31]$. This estimator is sensitive to departures from the null hypothesis of zero correlations between the APS measures of statistically isotropic CMB. We study full sky WMAP 9 year ILC and 2018 Planck foreground cleaned maps (Commander, NILC and SMICA). Sans parity distinctions, average spacings are in good agreement with theoretical expectation. With parity distinctions, even multipoles indicate unusually low average spacings for both $C_\ell$'s (at $\geq 98.86\%$ C.L.) and $\mathcal{D}_\ell$'s (at $\geq 95.07\%$ C.L.). We use an inpainting method based on constrained Gaussian realisations and show that for the Planck $U73$ and WMAP $KQ75$ masks, all the foreground cleaned inpainted CMB maps robustly confirm the existence of such unusually low average spacings of even multipole APS. In addition, this signal is independent of the non-Gaussian cold spot.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures