cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Jet stream intraseasonal oscillations drive dominant ecosystem variations in Oregon's summertime coastal upwelling system
Creators: name: Letelier, R. M.
name: Spitz, Y. H.
name: Peterson, W. T.
name: Bane, J. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Summertime wind stress along the coast of the northwestern United States typically exhibits intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) with periods from ≈15 to 40 days, as well as fluctuations on the 2- to 6-day “weather-band” and 1-day diurnal time scales. Coastal upwelling of cool, nutrient-rich water is driven by extended periods of equatorward alongshore winds, and we show that the ≈20-day ISOs in alongshore wind stress dominated the upwelling process during summer 2001 off Oregon. These wind stress ISOs resulted from north–south positional ISOs of the atmospheric jet stream (JS). Upper-ocean temperature, phytoplankton, and zooplankton varied principally on the ≈20-day time scale as well, and these correlated with the ISOs in alongshore wind stress and JS position, even though there also were weather-band stress fluctuations of comparable magnitude. Such wind stress ISOs are typical along Oregon in the summer upwelling season, occurring in 10 of 12 years examined, including 2001. We present a previously unreported direct connection from the atmospheric JS to oceanic primary and secondary production on the intraseasonal time scale and show the leading importance of ISOs in driving this coastal upwelling ecosystem during a typical summer.
Management Civil II EMC22P1 ; EMC22B1
Creators: name: Mfabane, Nthabiseng
name: Ndoloshe, Mbuyisi
Publisher: name: Walter Sisulu University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Civil engineering not elsewhere classified
Construction materials
Civil geotechnical engineering
Structural engineering
Timber engineering
Transport engineering
Water resources engineering

description: Subject : Management Civil II Subject code : EMC22P1; EMC22B1 Qualification : National Diploma Engineering: Civil Examiners : Mrs. NP Mfabane & Mr M Ndoloshe Moderator : Mr W Dicks & Mr Z Ngovela Date : June 2019
An Analysis of Changes Onion Yields in Korea using Panel Regression Analysis and Bayesian Network Model
Creators: name: Lee, Seungin
name: Lee, Seungin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: meteorological factors
subject: farm input cost factors
subject: onion yield

description: This study examined the effects of meteorological and farm input cost factors on the onion yields in Korea by employing a panel regression analysis. Also, it investigated the variables’ interdependencies and their relations to the onion yields by using a Bayesian network model. We collected the panel data from 1991 to 2019 for our analysis. More specifically, we used the panel data of the regional meteorological factors by month (cumulative precipitation, cumulative sunshine duration, average relative humidity, average temperature), farm input cost factors of the onion (the cost of fertilizer and the cost of agricultural medicines), and the onion yield of three regions in Korea. We used STATA 14.0 and Hugin Expert for descriptive analysis, panel regression analysis, and the Bayesian network model. Our analysis can be summarized in two significant ways. First, we chose the fixed-effect model based on the Hausman test. The results based on the fixed-effect model confirmed that the average relative humidity (October, -), the cumulative precipitation (January, -; March, +; May, +), the cumulative sunshine duration (April, +), the average temperature (June, -), the cost of fertilizer(+) and the cost of agricultural medicines(+) were the significant variables of the model. Second, we analyzed the relationship between meteorological factors and farm input cost factors on the onion yields through the Bayesian network model and showed that the Bayesian network model is a promising analysis method that is useful in the agricultural sector to predict the yield. We also discussed the implications and limitations of this study and future research directions at the end of the paper.
Local set approximation: Mattila-Vuorinen type sets, Reifenberg type sets, and tangent sets
Creators: name: Badger, Matthew
name: Lewis, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 49J52, Secondary 28A75, 35R35, 49Q20

description: We investigate the interplay between the local and asymptotic geometry of a set $A \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$ and the geometry of model sets $\mathcal{S} \subset \mathcal{P}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, which approximate $A$ locally uniformly on small scales. The framework for local set approximation developed in this paper unifies and extends ideas of Jones, Mattila and Vuorinen, Reifenberg, and Preiss. We indicate several applications of this framework to variational problems that arise in geometric measure theory and partial differential equations. For instance, we show that the singular part of the support of an $(n-1)$-dimensional asymptotically optimally doubling measure in $\mathbb{R}^n$ ($n\geq 4$) has upper Minkowski dimension at most $n-4$.
description: 52 pages, 5 figures
Kinetic insulation as an effective mechanism for achieving pathway specificity in intracellular signaling networks
Creators: name: Dohlman, H. G.
name: Behar, M.
name: Elston, T. C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Intracellular signaling pathways that share common components often elicit distinct physiological responses. In most cases, the biochemical mechanisms responsible for this signal specificity remain poorly understood. Protein scaffolds and cross-inhibition have been proposed as strategies to prevent unwanted cross-talk. Here, we report a mechanism for signal specificity termed “kinetic insulation.” In this approach signals are selectively transmitted through the appropriate pathway based on their temporal profile. In particular, we demonstrate how pathway architectures downstream of a common component can be designed to efficiently separate transient signals from signals that increase slowly over time. Furthermore, we demonstrate that upstream signaling proteins can generate the appropriate input to the common pathway component regardless of the temporal profile of the external stimulus. Our results suggest that multilevel signaling cascades may have evolved to modulate the temporal profile of pathway activity so that stimulus information can be efficiently encoded and transmitted while ensuring signal specificity.
Loss of a histone deacetylase dramatically alters the genomic distribution of Spo11p-catalyzed DNA breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Creators: name: Petes, T. D.
name: Mieczkowski, P. A.
name: Dominska, M.
name: Buck, M. J.
name: Lieb, J. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: In eukaryotes, meiotic recombination events are distributed nonrandomly in the genome, with certain regions having high levels of recombination (hotspots) and others having low levels (coldspots). Species with similar DNA sequences (for example, chimpanzees and humans) can have strikingly different patterns of hotspots and coldspots. Below, by using a microarray analysis that allows us to measure the frequency of the meiosis-specific double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) of all 6,000 yeast genes, we show that mutation of a single gene (SIR2), which encodes a histone deacetylase, significantly changes DSB frequencies of 12% of yeast genes, elevating DSBs of 5%, and reducing DSBs of 7%. Many of the genes with repressed recombination are located in large (50–100 kb) regions located near, but not at, the telomeres. Some of the genes with altered frequencies of DSBs (including the ribosomal RNA gene cluster) are known targets of Sir2p deacetylation in the wild-type strain.
Discovery of Carbon Radio Recombination Lines in M82
Creators: name: Morabito, Leah K.
name: Oonk, J. B. R.
name: Salgado, Francisco
name: Toribio, M. Carmen
name: Rottgering, H. J. A.
name: Tielens, A. G. G. M.
name: Beck, Rainer
name: Adebahr, Bjorn
name: Best, Philip
name: Beswick, Robert
name: Bonafede, Annalisa
name: Brunetti, Gianfranco
name: Bruggen, Marcus
name: Chyzy, Krzysztof T.
name: Conway, J. E.
name: van Driel, Wim
name: Gregson, Jonathan
name: Haverkorn, Marijke
name: Heald, George
name: Horellou, Cathy
name: Horneffer, Andreas
name: Iacobelli, Marco
name: Jarvis, Matt J.
name: Marti-Vidal, Ivan
name: Miley, George
name: Mulcahy, D. D.
name: Orru, Emanuela
name: Pizzo, Roberto
name: Scaife, A. M. M.
name: Varenius, Eskil
name: van Weeren, Reinout J.
name: White, Glenn J.
name: Wise, Michael W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Carbon radio recombination lines (RRLs) at low frequencies (<=500 MHz) trace the cold, diffuse phase of the interstellar medium, which is otherwise difficult to observe. We present the detection of carbon RRLs in absorption in M82 with LOFAR in the frequency range of 48-64 MHz. This is the first extragalactic detection of RRLs from a species other than hydrogen, and below 1 GHz. Since the carbon RRLs are not detected individually, we cross-correlated the observed spectrum with a template spectrum of carbon RRLs to determine a radial velocity of 219 +- 9 km/s . Using this radial velocity, we stack 22 carbon-α transitions from quantum levels n = 468-508 to achieve an 8.5 sigma detection. The absorption line profile exhibits a narrow feature with peak optical depth of 0.003 and FWHM of 31 km/s. Closer inspection suggests that the narrow feature is superimposed on a broad, shallow component. The total line profile appears to be correlated with the 21 cm H I line profile reconstructed from H I absorption in the direction of supernova remnants in the nucleus. The narrow width and centroid velocity of the feature suggests that it is associated with the nuclear starburst region. It is therefore likely that the carbon RRLs are associated with cold atomic gas in the direction of the nucleus of M82.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
Lung development and repair: Contribution of the ciliated lineage
Creators: name: Ostrowski, L. E.
name: Rawlins, E. L.
name: Randell, S. H.
name: Hogan, B. L. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The identity of the endogenous epithelial cells in the adult lung that are responsible for normal turnover and repair after injury is still controversial. In part, this is due to a paucity of highly specific genetic lineage tools to follow efficiently the fate of the major epithelial cell populations: the basal, secretory, ciliated, neuroendocrine, and alveolar cells. As part of a program to address this problem we have used a 1-kb FOXJ1 promoter to drive CreER in the ciliated cells of the embryonic and adult lung. Analysis of FOXJ1-GFP transgenic lungs shows that labeled cells appear in a proximal-distal pattern during embryogenesis and that the promoter drives expression in all ciliated cells. Using FOXJ1CreER adult mice, we have followed the fate of ciliated cells after epithelial injury by naphthalene or sulfur dioxide. From quantitative analysis and confocal microscopy we conclude that ciliated cells transiently change their morphology in response to lung injury but do not proliferate or transdifferentiate as part of the repair process.
Analysis of the Impact of Imported Grain Prices on Consumer Prices
Creators: name: Kim, Jongjin
name: Kim, Jongjin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: imported grain prices
subject: consumer prices
subject: price transmission model

description: This study analyzes the effects of international grain price variations on the domestic consumer price index using a nonlinear ARDL model, which significantly reduces specification errors. The key results show that only when international grain prices increase, the domestic consumer price index goes together with them but not vice versa. More specifically, when international grain price increased by 10%, the domestic total consumer price index went up by 0.39%. These results have significance as we obtained very similar results from our analysis of the effects of using individual products. Also, this study is distinguishable from others because we considered the possibility of omitted variable biases from exchange rates and imported prices of other goods closely correlated with imported grain prices.
Integrability of D1-brane on Group Manifold
Creators: name: Kluson, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is devoted to the analysis of the integrability of D1-brane on group manifold. We consider D1-brane as principal chiral model, determine corresponding equations of motions and find Lax connection. Then we calculate the Poisson brackets of Lax connection and we find that it has similar structure as in case of principal chiral model. As the second example we consider more general background with non-zero NS-NS two form. We again show that D1-brane theory is integrable on this background and determine Poisson brackets of Lax connection.
description: 13 pages
Andreev reflection in rotating superfluid $^3$He-B
Creators: name: Eltsov, V. B.
name: Hosio, J. J.
name: Krusius, M.
name: Mäkinen, J. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Andreev reflection of quasiparticle excitations from quantized line vortices is reviewed in the isotropic B phase of superfluid $^3$He in the temperature regime of ballistic quasiparticle transport at $T \leq 0.20\,T_\mathrm{c}$. The reflection from an array of rectilinear vortices in solid-body rotation is measured with a quasiparticle beam illuminating the array mainly in the orientation along the rotation axis. The result is in agreement with the calculated Andreev reflection. The Andreev signal is also used to analyze the spin down of the superfluid component after a sudden impulsive stop of rotation from an equilibrium vortex state. In a measuring setup where the rotating cylinder has a rough bottom surface, annihilation of the vortices proceeds via a leading rapid turbulent burst followed by a trailing slow laminar decay from which the mutual friction dissipation can be determined. In contrast to currently accepted theory, mutual friction is found to have a finite value in the zero temperature limit: $α(T \rightarrow 0) = (5 \pm 0.5) \cdot 10^{-4}$.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, overview of Andreev reflection measurements in a rotating cylinder
Mechanisms controlling the acquisition of a cardiac phenotype by liver stem cells
Creators: name: Coleman, W. B.
name: Esch, G. L.
name: Cascio, W. E.
name: Grisham, J. W.
name: Muller-Borer, B. J.
name: Malouf, N. N.
name: Anderson, P. A. W.
name: Kim, H.-S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The mechanisms underlying stem cell acquisition of a cardiac phenotype are unresolved. We studied early events during the acquisition of a cardiac phenotype by a cloned adult liver stem cell line (WB F344) in a cardiac microenvironment. WB F344 cells express a priori the transcription factors GATA4 and SRF, connexin 43 in the cell membrane, and myoinositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor in the perinuclear region. Functional cell–cell communication developed between WB F344 cells and adjacent cocultured cardiomyocytes in 24 h. De novo cytoplasmic [Ca2+]c and nuclear [Ca2+]nu oscillations appeared in WB F344 cells, synchronous with [Ca2+]i transients in adjacent cardiomyocytes. The [Ca2+] oscillations in the WB F344 cells, but not those in the cardiomyocytes, were eliminated by a gap junction uncoupler and reappeared with its removal. By 24 h, WB F344 cells began expressing the cardiac transcription factors Nkx2.5, Tbx5, and cofactor myocardin; cardiac proteins 24 h later; and a sarcomeric pattern 4–6 days later. Myoinositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor inhibition suppressed WB F344 cell [Ca2+]nu oscillations but not [Ca2+]c oscillations, and L-type calcium channel inhibition eliminated [Ca2+] oscillations in cardiomyocytes and WB F344 cells. The use of these inhibitors was associated with a decrease in Nkx2.5, Tbx5, and myocardin expression in the WB F344 cells. Our findings suggest that signals from cardiomyocytes diffuse through shared channels, inducing [Ca2+] oscillations in the WB F344 cells. We hypothesize that the WB F344 cell [Ca2+]nu oscillations activate the expression of a cardiac specifying gene program, ushering in a cardiac phenotype.
Open Data Cube - Custom Mosaics
Creators: name: CEOS SEO/AMA
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2022

description: Custom Mosaics
A mosaic is a composite image created by combining the most appropriate pixels from a collection of source images. A common use case is to create cloud-free images for applications that are not time-dependent. There are a number of approaches.
Real Pixel Mosaics
These are cloud-filtered mosaics based on time series data where a specific non-cloudy pixel is selected from a time series. The resulting product will be made up of pixels from different times, and the overall composite may have varying cloud cover percentages throughout, as these algorithms only consider the time series for each individual pixel, meaning cloud cover percentage may vary between pixels. Common selection techniques include:
 

Most Recent / Least Recent Pixel 
A cloud-free mosaic using the most recent (newest) or least recent (oldest) clear pixel in a time series.
 

Maximum Value Composite (MVC)
A cloud-free mosaic based on the maximum value of an index (e.g. NDVI) in a time series. This type of mosaic is best for agriculture or forest detection in a time series. In some cases, the minimum value composite is also desired.
 
Synthetic Pixel Mosaics
These are cloud-filtered mosaics produced using an algorithm to determine the desired spectral combination. Two common algorithms are:
 

Median Mosaic
Creates cloud-filtered mosaics using the "middle" spectral response of each band in a time series. Since the bands can vary independently, the result is often a "synthetic" product that is not representative of any particular time. This type of mosaic is also possible with radar data.

Geomedian Mosaic
A new algorithm developed by Geoscience Australia (GA) that creates a synthetic mosaic, similar to a median, but which is more representative of the spectral relationship between bands.
Meridian Surfaces in E^4 with Pointwise 1-type Gauss Map
Creators: name: Arslan, Kadri
name: Bulca, Betul
name: Milousheva, Velichka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A07, 53C40, 53C42

description: In the present article we study a special class of surfaces in the four-dimensional Euclidean space, which are one-parameter systems of meridians of the standard rotational hypersurface. They are called meridian surfaces. We show that a meridian surface has a harmonic Gauss map if and only if it is part of a plane. Further, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a meridian surface to have pointwise 1-type Gauss map and find all meridian surfaces with pointwise 1-type Gauss map.
description: 11 pages
Witnessing the degree of nonclassicality of light
Creators: name: Mraz, M.
name: Sperling, J.
name: Vogel, W.
name: Hage, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an experimentally accessible method to measure a unique degree of nonclassicality, based on the quantum superposition principle, for arbitrary quantum states. We formulate witnesses and test a given state for any particular value of this measure. The construction of optimal tests is presented as well as the general numerical implementation. We apply this approach on examples such as squeezed states, and we show how to formulate conditions to certify a particular degree of nonclassicality for single- and multimode radiation fields.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Discovery of extremely lead-rich subdwarfs: does heavy metal signal the formation of subdwarf B stars?
Creators: name: Neelamkodan, Naslim
name: Jeffery, Simon
name: Hibbert, Alan
name: Behara, Natalie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hot subdwarfs represent a group of low-mass helium-burning stars formed through binary-star interactions and include some of the most chemically-peculiar stars in the Galaxy. Stellar evolution theory suggests that they should have helium-rich atmospheres but, because radiation causes hydrogen to diffuse upwards, a majority are extremely helium poor. Questions posed include: when does the atmosphere become chemically stratified and at what rate? The existence of several helium-rich subdwarfs suggests further questions; are there distinct subgroups of hot subdwarf, or do hot subdwarfs change their surface composition in the course of evolution? Recent analyses have revealed remarkable surface chemistries amongst the helium-rich subgroup. In this paper, we analyse high-resolution spectra of nine intermediate helium-rich hot subdwarfs. We report the discovery that two stars, HE 2359-2844 and HE 1256-2738, show an atmospheric abundance of lead which is nearly ten thousand times that seen in the Sun. This is measured from optical Pb IV absorption lines never previously seen in any star. The lead abundance is ten to 100 times that measured in normal hot subdwarf atmospheres from ultraviolet spectroscopy. HE 2359-2844 also shows zirconium and yttrium abundances similar to those in the zirconium star LS IV-14 116. The new discoveries are interpreted in terms of heavily stratified atmospheres and the general picture of a surface chemistry in transition from a new-born helium-rich subdwarf to a normal helium-poor subdwarf.
description: Published in MNRAS
Measuring the Social Welfare through changing the GAP Standards
Creators: name: Nam, Kyungsoo
name: Nam, Kyungsoo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: Good Agricultural Practice (GAP)
subject: social welfare
subject: certification standard

description: This study analyzes social welfare changes as a result of improving the GAP certification standards by taking into consideration both the consumer and producer sides of agricultural products. In the analysis, we set hypotheses for improving the GAP certification standards in three directions, including promoting consumption, pursuing internationalization, and accelerating popularization. Also, we calculated social welfare changes following each scenario of the improvement of GAP certification standards. Our analysis shows that social welfare associated with all agricultural products is likely to increase along with enhanced GAP certification standards.
Dataset Treatment of early childhood caries with three different topical fluoride treatments: a randomised clinical trial
Creators: name: Uribe, Sergio E
name: Maldupa, Ilze
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Latvia
subject: silver diamine fluoride
subject: Dentistry
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: non-invasive caries management
subject: clinical trial
subject: early childhood caries
subject: dataset

description: These files contain the data and the research script about the effectiveness of the 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF, SDI Riva Star) and Tiefenfluorid (TF, Humanchemie GmbH), using two different application protocols in children ≤71 months of age with early childhood caries, with a focus on patient-centred outcomes including major complications (pain, abscess, extraction) and minor complications (lesion progression).
Loop Corrections in Double Field Theory: Non-trivial Dilaton Potentials
Creators: name: Lv, Songlin
name: Wu, Houwen
name: Yang, Haitang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is believed that the invariance of the generalised diffeomorphisms prevents any non-trivial dilaton potential from double field theory. It is therefore difficult to include loop corrections in the formalism. We show that by redefining a non-local dilaton field, under strong constraint which is necessary to preserve the gauge invariance of double field theory, the theory does permit non-constant dilaton potentials and loop corrections. If the fields have dependence on only one single coordinate, the non-local dilaton is identical to the ordinary one with an additive constant.
description: V3, 11 pages, references added, typos corrected, version to appear in JHEP
Meridian Surfaces of Elliptic or Hyperbolic Type with Pointwise 1-type Gauss Map in Minkowski 4-Space
Creators: name: Arslan, Kadri
name: Milousheva, Velichka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 53A35, Secondary 53B20, 53B25

description: In the present paper we consider a special class of spacelike surfaces in the Minkowski 4-space which are one-parameter systems of meridians of the rotational hypersurface with timelike or spacelike axis. They are called meridian surfaces of elliptic or hyperbolic type, respectively. We study these surfaces with respect to their Gauss map. We find all meridian surfaces of elliptic or hyperbolic type with harmonic Gauss map and give the complete classification of meridian surfaces of elliptic or hyperbolic type with pointwise 1-type Gauss map.
description: 18 pages
Monoalkyl sulfates as alkylating agents in water, alkylsulfatase rate enhancements, and the "energy-rich" nature of sulfate half-esters
Creators: name: Yuan, Y.
name: Wolfenden, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Alkyl sulfate monoesters are involved in cell signaling and structure. Alkyl sulfates are also present in many commercial detergents. Here, we show that monomethyl sulfate acts as an efficient alkylating agent in water, reacting spontaneously with oxygen nucleophiles >100-fold more rapidly than do alkylsulfonium ions, the usual methyl donors in living organisms. These reactions of methyl sulfate, which are much more rapid than its hydrolysis, are insensitive to the nature of the attacking nucleophile, with a Brønsted βnuc value of −0.01. Experiments at elevated temperatures indicate a rate constant of 2 × 10−11 s−1 for the uncatalyzed hydrolysis of methyl sulfate at 25°C (t1/2 = 1,100 y), corresponding to a rate enhancement of ≈1011-fold by a human alkylsulfatase. Equilibria of formation of methyl sulfate from methanol and sodium hydrogen sulfate indicate a group transfer potential (ΔG′pH7) of −8.9 kcal/mol for sulfate ester hydrolysis. The magnitude of that value, involving release of the strong acid HSO4−, helps to explain the need for harnessing the free energy of hydrolysis of two ATP molecules in activating sulfate for the biosynthesis of sulfate monoesters. The “energy-rich” nature of monoalkyl sulfate esters, coupled with their marked resistance to hydrolysis, renders them capable of acting as sulfating or alkylating agents under relatively mild conditions. These findings raise the possibility that, under appropriate circumstances, alkyl groups may undergo transfer from alkyl sulfate monoesters to biological target molecules.
Crystal field of rare earth impurities in LaF$_3$
Creators: name: Novák, P.
name: Kuneš, J.
name: Knížek, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The crystal field parameters of 13 trivalent lanthanide ions substituted for La in LaF$_3$ were calculated using the combination of the band structure and Wannier function calculations. Performing an atomic exact diagonalization with thus obtained crystal-field parameters we compute the crystal-field splitting of atomic multiplets. The calculation is compared with the available experimental results and a good agreement is found.
Myocardin is a bifunctional switch for smooth versus skeletal muscle differentiation
Creators: name: Miano, J. M.
name: Wang, D.-Z.
name: Long, X.
name: Creemers, E. E.
name: Olson, E. N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Skeletal and smooth muscle can mutually transdifferentiate, but little molecular insight exists as to how each muscle program may be subverted to the other. The myogenic basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors MyoD and myogenin (Myog) direct the development of skeletal muscle and are thought to be dominant over the program of smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation. Myocardin (Myocd) is a serum response factor (SRF) coactivator that promotes SMC differentiation through transcriptional stimulation of SRF-dependent smooth muscle genes. Here we show by lineage-tracing studies that Myocd is expressed transiently in skeletal muscle progenitor cells of the somite, and a majority of skeletal muscle is derived from Myocd-expressing cell lineages. However, rather than activating skeletal muscle-specific gene expression, Myocd functions as a transcriptional repressor of Myog, inhibiting skeletal muscle differentiation while activating SMC-specific genes. This repressor function of Myocd is complex, involving histone deacetylase 5 silencing of the Myog promoter and Myocd's physical contact with MyoD, which undermines MyoD DNA binding and transcriptional synergy with MEF2. These results reveal a previously unrecognized role for Myocd in repressing the skeletal muscle differentiation program and suggest that this transcriptional coregulator acts as a bifunctional molecular switch for the smooth versus skeletal muscle phenotypes.
The Relationship of Consumer Anxiety of Food Hazard, and Food Consumer Information Literacy with Dietary Life Satisfaction
Creators: name: Choi, Kyoungsook
name: Choi, Kyoungsook
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: dietary life satisfaction
subject: food hazards
subject: consumer anxiety

description: This study examined the effect of consumer anxiety on food hazards and food consumer information literacy for dietary life satisfaction with domestic and imported foods. Our analysis resulted in three significant findings. First, the information utilization, synthesis, and evaluation factor, the information search and access factor, goal setting for information search factor among food consumer information literacy, consumer anxiety on food hazards, and dietary life satisfaction showed significant correlations. Second, due to our analysis of the effect of consumer anxiety of food hazards and food consumer information literacy on dietary life satisfaction, consumer anxiety on food hazards and the consumer’s gender affect dietary life satisfaction with domestic and imported foods. Third, goal setting for information search had a full mediating effect on dietary life satisfaction with domestic foods. Information utilization, synthesis, and evaluation showed a full mediating effect on dietary life satisfaction with imported foods. On the other hand, goal setting for information search had a partial mediating effect. Consequently, food consumer information literacy has direct or indirect impacts on dietary life satisfaction with domestic and imported foods.
Pollen tetrad-based visual assay for meiotic recombination in Arabidopsis
Creators: name: Bey, A. L.
name: Lam, S. Y.
name: Copenhaver, G. P.
name: Francis, K. E.
name: Harrison, B. D.
name: Berchowitz, L. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Recombination, in the form of cross-overs (COs) and gene conversion (GC), is a highly conserved feature of meiosis from fungi to mammals. Recombination helps ensure chromosome segregation and promotes allelic diversity. Lesions in the recombination machinery are often catastrophic for meiosis, resulting in sterility. We have developed a visual assay capable of detecting Cos and GCs and measuring CO interference in Arabidopsis thaliana. This flexible assay utilizes transgene constructs encoding pollen-expressed fluorescent proteins of three different colors in the qrt1 mutant background. By observing the segregation of the fluorescent alleles in 92,489 pollen tetrads, we demonstrate (i) a correlation between developmental position and CO frequency, (ii) a temperature dependence for CO frequency, (iii) the ability to detect meiotic GC events, and (iv) the ability to rapidly assess CO interference.
Primordial Magnetic Helicity Constraints from WMAP Nine-Year Data
Creators: name: Kahniashvili, Tina
name: Maravin, Yurii
name: Lavrelashvili, George
name: Kosowsky, Arthur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If a primordial magnetic field in the universe has non-zero helicity, the violation of parity symmetry results in non-zero correlations between cosmic microwave background temperature and B-mode polarization. In this paper we derive approximations to the relevant microwave background power spectra arising from a helical magnetic field. Using the cross-power spectrum between temperature and B-mode polarization from the WMAP nine-year data, we set a 95\% confidence level upper limit on the helicity amplitude to be 10 nG$^2$ Gpc for helicity spectral index $n_H = -1.9$, for a cosmological magnetic field with effective field strength of 3 nG and a power-law index $n_B = -2.9$ near the scale-invariant value. Future microwave background polarization maps with greater sensitivity will be able to detect the helicity of an inflationary magnetic field well below the maximum value allowed by microwave background constraints on the magnetic field amplitude.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, minor changes, matches PRD version
Proteome-wide identification of family member-specific natural substrate repertoire of caspases
Creators: name: Pang, H.
name: Dong, B.
name: Liu, R.
name: Gao, W.
name: Ju, W.
name: Valencia, C. A.
name: Ke, Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Caspases are proteolytic enzymes that are essential for apoptosis. Understanding the many discrete and interacting signaling pathways mediated by caspases requires the identification of the natural substrate repertoire for each caspase of interest. Using an amplification-based protein selection technique called mRNA display, we developed a high-throughput screen platform for caspase family member specific substrates on a proteome-wide scale. A large number of both known and previously uncharacterized caspase-3 substrates were identified from the human proteome. The proteolytic features of these selected substrates, including their cleavage sites and specificities, were characterized. Substrates that were cleaved only by caspase-8 or granzyme B but not by caspase-3, were readily selected. The method can be widely applied for efficient and systematic identification of the family member specific natural substrate repertoire of any caspase in an organism of interest, in addition to that of numerous other proteases with high specificity.
Vanishing Viscosity Solutions of the Compressible Euler Equations with Spherical Symmetry and Large Initial Data
Creators: name: Chen, Gui-Qiang G.
name: Perepelitsa, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q31, 35L65, 76N10, 35D30, 76M45

description: We are concerned with spherically symmetric solutions of the Euler equations for multidimensional compressible fluids, which are motivated by many important physical situations. Various evidences indicate that spherically symmetric solutions of the compressible Euler equations may blow up near the origin at certain time under some circumstance. The central feature is the strengthening of waves as they move radially inward. A longstanding open, fundamental question is whether concentration could form at the origin. In this paper, we develop a method of vanishing viscosity and related estimate techniques for viscosity approximate solutions, and establish the convergence of the approximate solutions to a global finite-energy entropy solution of the compressible Euler equations with spherical symmetry and large initial data. This indicates that concentration does not form in the vanishing viscosity limit, even though the density may blow up at certain time. To achieve this, we first construct global smooth solutions of appropriate initial-boundary value problems for the Euler equations with designed viscosity terms, an approximate pressure function, and boundary conditions, and then we establish the strong convergence of the viscosity approximate solutions to a finite-energy entropy solutions of the Euler equations.
description: 29 pages
Levodopa impairs lysosomal function in sensory neurons in vitro
Creators: name: Hickey, Miriam
Publisher: name: University of Tartu
Year: 2024
Subjects: dorsal root ganglion
rotenone
levodopa
mitochondria
lysosome
Parkinson’s disease
50B11

description: Each worksheet corresponds to a figure or figure part. Please see name of worksheet.
description: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common chronic, degenerative brain diseases worldwide. Patients are diagnosed on the basis of slowness of movement and/or tremor and/or stiffness. However, many symptoms that are not movement related are now well recognized. Patients show changes in skin sensation, and the vast majority of patients show loss of sensory neurites, which enable sensation in skin. These changes in skin sensation occur prior to diagno-sis; however, sensory issues may also be exacerbated by levodopa, an important drug used in the treatment of PD. Undoubtedly, levodopa is critical for the treatment of PD, but at high doses, it has repeatedly been shown to impair sensation in PD patients. Here, we show for the first time that high-dose levodopa impairs function of sensory neurons. Importantly, we also show for the first time that lysosomes, a critical organelle involved in recycling, are impaired by levodopa concentrations observed in patients. These data are important given the well-known lysosomal dysfunction observed in PD. Our data sheds light on how levodopa, the most important drug in the treatment of PD, may contribute to sensory deficits in PD.
Recognition of trimethyllysine by a chromodomain is not driven by the hydrophobic effect
Creators: name: Khorasanizadeh, S.
name: Wiggins, K. R.
name: Waters, M. L.
name: Hughes, R. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Posttranslational modifications of histone proteins regulate gene expression via complex protein–protein and protein–DNA interactions with chromatin. One such modification, the methylation of lysine, has been shown to induce binding to chromodomains in an aromatic cage [Nielsen PR, et al. (2002) Nature 416:103–107]. The binding generally is attributed to the presence of cation–π interactions between the methylated lysine and the aromatic pocket. However, whether the cationic component of the interaction is necessary for binding in the aromatic cage has not been addressed. In this article, the interaction of trimethyllysine with tryptophan is compared with that of its neutral analog, tert-butylnorleucine (2-amino-7,7-dimethyloctanoic acid), within the context of a β-hairpin peptide model system. These two side chains have near-identical size, shape, and polarizabilities but differ in their charges. Comparison of the two peptides reveals that the neutral side chain has no preference for interacting with tryptophan, unlike trimethyllysine, which interacts strongly in a defined geometry. In vitro binding studies of the histone 3A peptide containing trimethyllysine or tert-butylnorleucine to HP1 chromodomain indicate that the cationic moiety is critical for binding in the aromatic cage. This difference in binding affinities demonstrates the necessity of the cation–π interaction to binding with the chromodomain and its role in providing specificity. This article presents an excellent example of synergy between model systems and in vitro studies that allows for the investigation of the key forces that control biomolecular recognition.
Static Vacuum Solutions in Non-Riemannian Gravity
Creators: name: Maier, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of non-riemannian geometry, we derive exact static vacuum solutions of the field equations obtained from the full equivalent version of the Einstein-Hilbert action when torsion degrees of freedom are taken into account. By imposing spherical symmetry and a suitable choice for the contorsion degrees of freedom, the static geometry provides deviations on the predictions of the observational tests predicted by General Relativity -- namely on the advance of planetary perihelia and the bending of light rays -- which we infer. The analytical extension is built in two particular domains of the parameter space. In the first domain we obtain a solution exhibiting an event horizon analogous to that of the Schwarzschild geometry. For the second domain, we show that the metric furnishes an exterior event horizon, and two interior horizons which enclose the singularity. For both branches we examine the effects of torsion corrections on the Hawking radiation. In this scenario the model extends Bekenstein's black hole geometrical thermodynamics, with an extra work term connected to a torsion parameter.
description: 14 pages, 3 figs, accepted for publication in Gen. Rel. Grav. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1212.2571
title: The Lothian Diary Project - Sep 2022
title: Lothian Diary Project
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Hall-Lew, Lauren
name: Cowie, Claire
name: McNulty, Stephen
name: Markl, Nina
name: Liu, Sarah
name: Lai, Catherine
name: Llewellyn, Clare
name: Alex, Beatrice
name: Fang, Nini
name: Elliott Slosarova, Zuzana
name: Klingler, Anita
Publisher: name: University of Edinburgh. School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences; School of Social and Political Science
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: COVID-19
subject: video diaries
subject: audio diaries
subject: sociolinguistics
subject: politics
subject: psychology
subject: Scotland
subject: oral history
subject: self-recording
subject: pandemic
subject: lockdown
subject: Social studies

description: The Lothian Diary Project consists of 195 audio/video recordings collected between May 2020 and July 2021 from residents of Edinburgh and the Lothian counties in Scotland. The diaries comprise self-recorded monologues or semi-structured interviews in which participants discuss their experiences during different stages of the Covid-19 pandemic. Recordings were uploaded to an online survey that also collected consent, demographic information, and opinion regarding Covid-related policies. This archive contains all Lothian Diaries with maximum sharing consent (internet, TV, radio etc.) submitted to The Lothian Diary Project after 4 October 2020. There are 44 diaries submitted by participants who agree for their names to be made public (in folder 'Name_Public') and 42 by participants who would like to remain anonymous (in folder 'Anon_Public'). Some recordings were submitted in several parts. All diaries are identified by a unique participant ID (number). Diaries are stored in WAV format (audio) or MP4 format (video) and time-aligned transcriptions are stored in tab-delimited plain text files. All transcriptions were auto-generated and have been hand-corrected.
Reconstitution of a human ATR-mediated checkpoint response to damaged DNA
Creators: name: Choi, J.-H.
name: Sancar, A.
name: Lindsey-Boltz, L. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The DNA damage checkpoint response delays cell cycle progression upon DNA damage and prevents genomic instability. Genetic analysis has identified sensor, mediator, signal transducer, and effector components of this global signal transduction pathway. Here we describe an in vitro system with purified human checkpoint proteins that recapitulates key elements of the DNA damage checkpoint. We show that the damage sensor ATR in the presence of topoisomerase II binding protein 1 (TopBP1) mediator/adaptor protein phosphorylates the Chk1 signal-transducing kinase in a reaction that is strongly dependent on the presence of DNA containing bulky base lesions. The dependence on damaged DNA requires DNA binding by TopBP1, and, indeed, TopBP1 shows preferential binding to damaged DNA. This in vitro system provides a useful platform for mechanistic studies of the human DNA damage checkpoint response.
The Analysis of the WTP for Sustainable Livestock Production in Korea
Creators: name: Sung, Jaehoon
name: Sung, Jaehoon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: sustainable livestock production
subject: willingness-to-pay
subject: choice experiment

description: Sustainable livestock production has been on the focus as an alternative to conventional factory livestock. This study analyzed society’s demand for sustainable livestock production and its policy implications. The enhancement in breeding conditions, the supply of safe livestock products, and decreases in negative environmental effects were defined as the three attributes of sustainable livestock production. The choice experiment was applied to evaluate the demand for sustainable livestock production. Policy portfolios consisted of policies regarding three attributes and additional taxation for the implementation of those policies. Given the policy portfolios, respondents were asked to choose a preferable option. The results show that the WTP (willingness to pay) for breeding condition enhancement and WTP for the supply of safe livestock products are more extensive than WTP for decreases in negative environmental effects. The aggregated WTP for sustainable livestock production is also quite large. To be specific, the aggregated WTP for sustainable pig production is about 3.7 ~ 4.4 trillion won per year. The aggregated WTP for sustainable cattle production is about 3.4 ~ 3.9 trillion won per year. Lastly, the aggregated WTP for sustainable chicken production is about 3.4 ~ 4.2 trillion won per year. These results imply that the government would have to correspond to high demand for sustainable livestock production by facilitating related policies and programs.