Milnesium tardigradum Doyere 1840, sensu lato
Creators: name: Kaczmarek, Łukasz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Tardigrada
Eutardigrada
Apochela
Milnesiidae
Milnesium
Milnesium tardigradum

description: 46. Milnesium tardigradum Doyère, 1840 sensu lato [T] [m]
M. tardigradum Doy. (Murray 1907a, Pardi 1941)
Arctiscon tardigradum Schrank (Murray 1913)
M. tardigradum Doy.? 1812 (Marcus (1936)
Milnesium tardigradum (Franceschi 1957)
Milnesium tardigradum Doyère 1840 (da Cunha & do Nascimento 1964, Pilato et al. 2003) Milnesium tardigradum (Ramløv & Kristensen 1985)
Milnesium tardigradum Doyere, 1840 (Middleton 2003)
Milnesium tardigradum Doyère, 1840 (Gąsiorek et al. 2017)
Terra typica: France (Europe), terra neotypica: Germany (Europe)
Angola:
• 07°47′S, 15°01′E; 650 m asl: Uíge Province, near Carmona [Uíge], Estate at Pumba Loge, mosses and lichens. da Cunha & do Nascimento (1964)
• 14°55′S, 13°30′E; 1,750 m asl: Huíla Province, surroundings of Sá da Bandeira [Lubango], mosses and lichens. da Cunha & do Nascimento (1964)
Botswana:
• 19°10′S, 23°25′E; 950 m asl: North West District, Moremi, moss or lichen on tree or rock. Middleton (2003)
• 24°25′S, 25°31′E; 1,150 m asl: Kweneng District, Molepolole, moss or lichen on tree or rock. Middleton (2003) Democratic Republic of Congo:
• 00°04′S, 29°18′E; 1,950 m asl: North Kivu Province, outskirts of Lukanga, lichen. Pilato et al. (2003)
• 01°10′S, 28°28′E; 1,000 m asl: North Kivu Province, outskirts of Mohanga, moss (Entodon sp.). Pilato et al. (2003)
Ethiopia:
• 04°03′N, 38°19′E; 1,700 m asl: Oromia Region, Mēga, moss (Neckera sp.) on tree (Juniperus procera), plant no 80, lichen, former English residence, moss on tree (Juniperus procera) and lichen on tree (bark of Juniperus procera) (4 samples). Pardi (1941)
Israel and Palestinian National Authority:
• 31°48′N, 35°06′E; 700 m asl: Judean Mountains, Kiriath-Jearim [Kariathiarim], semi-humid climate. Rahm (1936)
• 31°46′N, 35°12′E; 750 m asl: Judean Mountains, Jerusalem, Monastery of the Cross, garden in Katamin, semi-humid climate, lichen (Xanthoria parietina L.) on olive tree. Rahm (1936)
Jordan:
• 31°50′N, 36°49′E; 500 m asl: Zarqa Governorate, Zarqa [Azarq Wetland Reserve], moss. Kaczmarek & Michalczyk (2004a)
Kenya:
• 00°01′S, 37°54′E: Undefined locality, British East Africa [Kenya], moss. Murray (1913)
Lesotho:
• 29°19′S, 27°29′E; 1,550 m asl: Maseru District, Maseru, moss or lichen on tree or rock. Middleton (2003)
• 29°35′S, 29°17′E; 2,900 m asl: Thaba-Tseka District, Sani Pass, lichen on stone fence. Meyer & Hinton (2009)
• 29°38′S, 27°31′E; 1,750 m asl: Maseru District, Morija, moss or lichen on tree or rock. Middleton (2003)
Morocco:
• 33°31′N, 05°07′W; 1,650 m asl: Meknès-Tafilalet Region, Ras al Ma [Res el Ma], mosses trees (Cedrus) and rocks. Séméria (1986)
• 33°27′N, 05°13′W; 1,250 m asl: Meknès-Tafilalet Region, ca. 30 [60] km S of Meknes, Azrou, lichens. Séméria (1986)
• 32°25′N, 05°13′W; 1,750 m asl: Meknès-Tafilalet Region, S of Azrou, cedar forest, mosses on limestone boulders and basalt in the forest glade (2 samples). Ramløv & Kristensen (1985)
• 30°27′N, 07°32′W; 1,850 m asl: Souss-Massa-Drâa Region, Tizi-n-Taghatine, sparse vegetation, mosses and lichens on isolated basalt cliffs. Ramløv & Kristensen (1985)
Namibia:
• 20°28′S, 16°39′E; 1,500 m asl: Otjozondjupa Region, Otjiwarongo. Marcus (1936)
Republic of South Africa:
• 23°03′S, 29°54′E; 950 m asl: Limpopo Province, Louis Trihardt, moss or lichen on tree or rock. Middleton (2003)
• 25°45′S, 28°11′E; 1,300 m asl: Gauteng Province, Pretoria, moss. Murray (1913)
• 29°38′S, 27°31′E [25°32′S, 26°05′E]; 1,250 m asl: North West Province, Rustenberg [Rustenburg], moss or lichen on tree or rock. Middleton (2003)
• 25°39′S, 27°10′E; 1,300 m asl: North West Province, Rustenberg [Rustenburg], moss or lichen on tree or rock. Middleton (2003)
• 25°58′S, 27°32′E [25°59′S, 27°33′E]; 1,400 m asl: Gauteng Province, Magaliseberg [Magaliesburg], moss or lichen on tree or rock. Middleton (2003)
• 26°18′S, 26°55′E [26°19′S, 26°49′E]; 1,500 m asl: North West Province, Ventersdorp, moss or lichen on tree or rock. Middleton (2003)
• 28°13′S, 31°57′E; 350 m asl: KwaZulu-Natal Province, Hluhluwe-Imfolozi Game Park, lichen on tree (Acacia). Meyer & Hinton (2009)
• 29°44′S, 22°44′E: Undefined locality, Cape Colony [Cape Province]. Murray (1907a)
• 29°44′S, 30°32′E; 750 m asl: KwaZulu-Natal Province, Tala Private Game Reserve, lichen on tree (Acacia). Meyer & Hinton (2009)
Somalia:
• 11°20′N, 49°45′E; 2,000 m asl: Bari Region, Migiurtinia, Uar Medò mountain group [Warmadoow] lichen. Franceschi (1957)
Tunisia:
• 36°57′N, 08°45′E; 0 m asl: Jendouba Governorate, surroundings of Tabarka. Binda & Pilato (1987)
• 36°07′N, 08°30′E; 350 m asl: Kef Governorate, road between El Kef and Sakiet, 23 km W El Kef, Qued el Kohl, scrub, sparse vegetation, with stony ground and thin layer of surface soil, soil with vegetable debris or litter under trees (Pinus halepensis and Juniperus phoenicus). Iharos (1978)
• 36°07′N, 08°32′E; 450 m asl: Kef Governorate, along road from El Kef and Sakiet, “strongly insolated area”, lichen on soil. Iharos (1978)
• 36°22'55''N, 10°07'03''E; 357 m asl: Zaghouan Governorate, Zaghouan, forest, moss on soil. Gąsiorek et al. (2017)
Uganda:
• 01°22′N, 32°17′E: Undefined locality. Murray (1913)
Zimbabwe:
• 20°30′S, 30°30′E [20°16′S, 30°56′E]; 1,150 m asl: Masvingo Province, Great Zimbabwe, moss or lichen on tree or rock.
Middleton (2003)
• 20°49′S, 30°30′E [20°30′S, 28°26′E]; 1,400 m asl: Matabeleland South Province, Matopos, moss or lichen on tree or rock. Middleton (2003)
Record numbers. Angola: 2, Botswana: 2, Democratic Republic of Congo: 2, Ethiopia: 1, Israel and Palestinian National Authority: 3, Jordan; 1, Kenya: 1, Lesotho: 3, Morocco: 4, Namibia: 1, Republic of South Africa: 9, Somalia: 1, Tunisia: 4, Uganda: 1, Zimbabwe: 2; total: 37.
Remarks. For over 150 years Milnesium was considered to be a monotypic, highly cosmopolitan genus. However, current research recognises over twenty congeners and suggests that Milnesium tardigradum sensu stricto is confined to the Palaearctic (see: Michalczyk et al. 2012a,b). All African reports of M. tardigradum pre-date the re-description of M. tardigradum sensu stricto (Michalczyk et al. 2012a,b) and therefore these records should be questioned and re-examination using modern taxonomy. Currently, there is no evidence to confirm or deny the presence of M. tardigradum s. s. in Africa, and the above list probably represents a number of different Milnesium species (Michalczyk et al. 2012a,b).
description: Published as part of Kaczmarek, Łukasz, 2017, Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part IV: Africa, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 4284 (1) on pages 20-22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4284.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1010400