cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Everybody In? Critical Perspectives on Participatory Online Classical Music Projects
Creators: name: Helms, Joanna
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Year: 2015
Subjects: Music

description: This thesis identifies and critiques a recent trend wherein institutions, composers, performers, and other actors within Western classical music have turned to the internet to produce musical projects that encourage active participation. I define participatory online classical music projects as a cohesive object of study and develop theories through which to understand them, exploring their relationship to traditional understandings of classical music-making and assessing the widespread claims of accessibility, both implicit and explicit, which underlie them. While acknowledging the strengths and value of the projects, I argue for a more critical examination of their claims, in part because the problems they raise are not always immediately evident. I undertake my examination through the lenses of participation, embodied and disembodied practices of performance, and an examination of representation and benefit.
Biomass energy as a possibility for innovative agriculture initiatives
Creators: name: Pimenta Ribeiro, Ana
name: Dalmolin, Silvio
Publisher: name: Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biomass potential
subject: Doce river basin
subject: Renewable energy
subject: Spatial planning
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: In searching for sustainable solutions for humans’ necessities, clean and safe energy possibilities have been pursued. The objective of this research is to develop a procedure that improves the integration of renewable technologies into local planning processes. The methodology should be suitable for different contexts. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the potential of energy production through agricultural waste, ensuring the sustainability and development of clean technologies, the ideal allocation of the energy production unit, and the costs involved in the enterprise. The research hypothesis is that the potential for sustainable use of biomass can be identified and evaluated, thus showing the way for an improved energy plan for Brazil. The study area is within the Doce River Basin in Brazil. The methods developed in the study could be relevant for municipalities to record their potentials for energy production and pursue investments and local arrangements, promoting sustainable biomass energy generation. The results show that with proper investment, the energy generation through biomass residues could be viable and pay itself in a short amount of time, moreover in a scenario where the agricultural area is increased, growing the power generation capacity of a biomass power plant. The current agricultural production would cover 20% of the local energy demand.
Housing Refurbishment for Energy Efficiency and Comfort
Creators: name: Nguyen, Phan Anh
Publisher: name: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment
Year: 2021

description: The housing stock in Vietnam has boomed in the last few decades, especially in urbanised areas. However, the increasing number of housing units did not go along with housing quality, a healthy living environment or a sustainable building stock. Recent legislation only applies to public buildings but not the private housing sector, which accounts for the majority of the building stock. Therefore, this research aimed to contribute to a more sustainable building stock in Vietnam by improving the energy efficiency in new and renovated urban houses. This research started with examining the energy upgrade potential of the existing houses in Vietnam. Both passive and active refurbishment design measures were investigated for the Vietnamese context. Among the measures, a green facade has a large potential in energy saving. Effect of a green facade on thermal and energy performance was tested by conducting a physical experiment on a real tube house in Hanoi. Next, a stepped design strategy was introduced in a student design workshop in Vietnam. The participants were trained to apply sustainable and energy efficient design measures for Vietnamese tube houses. In addition, the vision for designing future tube houses was discussed on several sustainability aspects: urban densification, energy efficiency, circular economy and social interaction. This research is also expected to contribute to the establishing of a future national technical regulation for private housing in Vietnam.
description: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment, No. 02 (2021): Housing Refurbishment for Energy Efficiency and Comfort
Geometry on the Utility Space
Creators: name: Durand, François
name: Kloeckner, Benoît
name: Mathieu, Fabien
name: Noirie, Ludovic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the geometrical properties of the utility space (the space of expected utilities over a finite set of options), which is commonly used to model the preferences of an agent in a situation of uncertainty. We focus on the case where the model is neutral with respect to the available options, i.e. treats them, a priori, as being symmetrical from one another. Specifically, we prove that the only Riemannian metric that respects the geometrical properties and the natural symmetries of the utility space is the round metric. This canonical metric allows to define a uniform probability over the utility space and to naturally generalize the Impartial Culture to a model with expected utilities.
description: in Fourth International Conference on Algorithmic Decision Theory, Sep 2015, Lexington, United States. pp.16, 2015, Fourth International Conference on Algorithmic Decision Theory
Natural and Synthetic Oligoarylamides: Privileged Structures for Medical Applications
Creators: name: Seedorf, Tim
name: Kirschning, Andreas
name: Solga, Danny
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: aromatic oligoamides
subject: cystobactamids
subject: DNA-binding
subject: dystamycin
subject: foldamers
subject: protein–protein interactions
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::660 | Technische Chemie

description: The term “privileged structure” refers to a single molecular substructure or scaffold that can serve as a starting point for high-affinity ligands for more than one receptor type. In this report, a hitherto overlooked group of privileged substructures is addressed, namely aromatic oligoamides, for which there are natural models in the form of cystobactamids, albicidin, distamycin A, netropsin, and others. The aromatic and heteroaromatic core, together with a flexible selection of substituents, form conformationally well-defined scaffolds capable of specifically binding to conformationally well-defined regions of biomacromolecules such as helices in proteins or DNA often by acting as helices mimics themselves. As such, these aromatic oligoamides have already been employed to inhibit protein–protein and nucleic acid–protein interactions. This article is the first to bring together the scattered knowledge about aromatic oligoamides in connection with biomedical applications.
Topological Dirac Nodal Lines and Surface Charges in fcc Alkaline Earth Metals
Creators: name: Hirayama, Motoaki
name: Okugawa, Ryo
name: Miyake, Takashi
name: Murakami, Shuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In nodal-line semimetals, the gaps close along loops in ${\bf k}$ space, which are not at high-symmetry points. Typical mechanisms for the emergence of nodal lines involve mirror symmetry and the $π$ Berry phase. Here, we show via ab initio calculations that fcc calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr) and ytterbium (Yb) have topological nodal lines with the $π$ Berry phase near the Fermi level, when spin-orbit interaction is neglected. In particular, Ca becomes a nodal-line semimetal at high pressure. Owing to nodal lines, the Zak phase becomes either $π$ or 0 depending on the wavavector ${\bf k}$, and the $π$ Zak phase leads to surface polarization charge. Carriers eventually screen it, leaving behind large surface dipoles. In materials with nodal lines, both the large surface polarization charge and the emergent drumhead surface states enhance Rashba splitting when heavy adatoms are present, as we have shown to occur in Bi/Sr(111) and in Bi/Ag(111).
description: 14 pages, 11 figures
Improvements in the fatigue design of support structures for offshore wind turbines
Creators: name: Schaumann, Peter
name: Böhm, Manuela
name: Schürmann, Karsten
Publisher: name: Berlin : Ernst & Sohn
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: connections
subject: Experiments
subject: fatigue strength
subject: Masts and towers
subject: offshore wind energy
subject: Special structures
subject: standardization
subject: support structures
subject: welded steel joints
subject: Welding and cutting
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::690 | Hausbau, Bauhandwerk

description: Extended keynote paper of Eurosteel 2021. This article provides an overview of the various support structures for offshore wind turbines and addresses the challenges that arise for the different design variants. First of all, the existing types of support structures are explained and their benefits and shortcomings discussed. Following that, the focus is on material fatigue and its analysis, which is of great importance due to the cyclic loading on the structures. A central topic of this article is the experimental evaluation of fatigue strength using large-scale test setups and state-of-the-art measurement methods. Critical and complex design details such as welds for extremely thick plates, tubular joints, grouted connections, large HV bolts and ring flanges are investigated to improve methods of analysis. Further, the new series of German standards (DIN 18088) for support structures for wind energy turbines and platforms is addressed. Finally, these topics are summarized and the importance of offshore wind energy for the transition to cleaner energy is emphasized.
A new class of de Sitter vacua in String Theory Compactifications
Creators: name: Achúcarro, Ana
name: Ortiz, Pablo
name: Sousa, Kepa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the stability of the complex structure moduli in the large volume regime of type-IIB flux compactifications. We argue that when the volume is not exponentially large, such as in Kähler uplifted dS vacua, the quantum corrections to the tree-level mass spectrum can induce tachyonic instabilities in this sector. We discuss a Random Matrix Theory model for the classical spectrum of the complex structure fields, and derive a new stability bound involving the compactification volume and the (very large) number of moduli. We also present a new class of vacua for this sector where the mass spectrum presents a finite gap, without invoking large supersymmetric masses. At these vacua the complex structure sector is protected from tachyonic instabilities even at non-exponential volumes. A distinguishing feature is that all fermions in this sector are lighter than the gravitino.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Public Rental Housing Governance in Urban China
Creators: name: Yan, Juan
Publisher: name: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment
Year: 2021

description: Recently, Chinese Public Rental Housing (PRH) provision has witnessed a shift from ‘government’ to ‘governance’: policy making shifted from government steering to mixed forms involving government, market and civic actors to pursue effective and fair policies. In the meantime, this new-era PRH governance is credited with mixed results. However, the existing studies fail to describe the mechanisms underlying this new-era governance of PRH with the rising involvement of market actors and those in civil society and whether the new-era governance is considered to be effective, achieving the objective of stability. Therefore, this PhD research aims to fill the two research gaps through building a better understanding of the PRH governance in the current Chinese context and evaluating PRH governance. To fulfil this aim, this dissertation is underpinned by a theoretical foundation from the governance perspective and adopts a mixedmethod approach with quantitative and qualitative data in the study of Chinese PRH provision. The dissertation reveals the essence of the current Chinese PRH governance by bringing forth a governance model and shows the structures and mechanisms for non-governmental actors to play a role in the governance of PRH. The dissertation also shows the perceived governance outcomes from tenants’ perspective and demonstrates two main governance challenges of Inclusionary Housing, a newly introduced instrument adopted in the Chinese PRH governance. Based on the results, this PhD research theoretically and empirically contributes to the housing governance literature.
description: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment, No. 01 (2021): Public Rental Housing Governance in Urban China
Business Innovation Towards a Circular Economy
Creators: name: Konietzko, Jan
Publisher: name: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment
Year: 2021

description: We currently live in a carbon intensive linear economy. On the basis of burning fossil fuels, we take, make and waste an increasing amount of materials. This has pushed us against serious planetary boundaries. Radical reductions in environmental impact are needed over the coming decades. Entire economies and societies will have to reorganize. A promising candidate to support this reorganizing is a circular economy. It cuts waste, emissions and pollution, and it keeps the value of products, components and materials high over time. Companies can innovate towards a circular economy by following five key resource strategies: narrow, slow, close, regenerate, and inform. This thesis explores these strategies – through case research and a design science approach. It shows that an ecosystem perspective is necessary to implement these strategies – and provides tools and methods that can help to put an ecosystem perspective into action. This can help companies to develop circular ecosystem value propositions: that propose a positive collective outcome, fulfill user needs in exciting ways, and minimize environmental impact.
description: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment, No. 22 (2020): Business Innovation Towards a Circular Economy
Children’s Practice of the Social Construction of Scientific Facts: A Meta-Ethnographic Synthesis
Creators: name: Cooper, James Buchanan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Science education researchers have attempted descriptions of the relationship between science studies and science education. Such descriptions have applied the aggregate logic of literature reviews to the interpretive works of sociologists and anthropologists. Metaethnography (Noblit & Hare, 1988) provides a framework for the synthesis of interpretive studies which may be more appropriate to describing the relationship between science education and science and technology studies. This project attempts to articulate that relationship further using Latour and Woolgar’s Laboratory Life, a seminal work in science studies, and Barton's Teaching Science For Social Justice, a study of the scientific practice of youth who live in homeless shelters. The meta-ethnographic synthesis reveals that the relationship between the two communities of scientific practice and the knowledge they use and produce does much to determine the form of that practice.
Coupling of a nano mechanical oscillator and an atomic three-level medium
Creators: name: Sanz-Mora, A.
name: Eisfeld, A.
name: Wüster, S.
name: Rost, J. -M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the coupling of an ultracold three-level atomic gas and a nano-mechanical mirror via classical electromagnetic radiation. The radiation pressure on the mirror is modulated by absorption of a probe light field, caused by the atoms which are electromagnetically rendered nearly transparent, allowing the gas to affect the mirror. In turn, the mirror can affect the gas as its vibrations generate opto-mechanical sidebands in the control field. We show that the sidebands cause modulations of the probe intensity at the mirror frequency, which can be enhanced near atomic resonances. Through the radiation pressure from the probe beam onto the mirror, this results in resonant driving of the mirror. Controllable by the two photon detuning, the phase relation of the driving to the mirror motion decides upon amplification or damping of mirror vibrations. This permits direct phase locking of laser amplitude modulations to the motion of a nano-mechanical element opening a perspective for cavity-free cooling through coupling to an atomic gas.
description: 8 pages, 5 figs
Methane Production and Consumption in Alaskan Arctic Lake Sediments
Creators: name: Bretz, Kristen Alexandra
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2012

description: Methanogenesis and methane oxidation were studied in the sediments of 6 Alaskan arctic lakes during the 2010 and 2011 thaw seasons. Rates of methane production were significantly higher in shallow than in deep lake types, varying from 848 to 21791 μmol m-2 d-1 and were correlated to sedimentation rate and oxygen penetration depth; the data overall indicate that higher organic supply to sediments leads to greater methanogenic activity. Addition of hydrogen provided a significantly stimulating effect on methanogenesis in sediments from every lake, while other methanogenic substrates and alternate electron acceptors (NO3-, Fe3+, SO42-) had variable effects. Methane oxidation rates were much more consistent among lakes (246 μmol m-2 d-1 to 536 μmol m-2 d-1). Increased loading of nutrients and organic matter to lakes from melting permafrost along with warming sediment temperatures may stimulate methanogenesis, but based on calculated rates of CH4 diffusion to oxic sediments, methane oxidize
SU(1,1) solutions for the relativistic quantum particle in cosmic string spacetime
Creators: name: Yesiltas, Ozlem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied a relativistic electron in the presence of a uniform magnetic field and scalar potential in the cosmic string spacetime. The exact solutions of the Dirac equation with a Coulomb-like scalar potential and linear vector potential through the gravitational fields are found using SU(1,1) Lie algebras.
Globally Optimal Energy-Efficient Power Control and Receiver Design in Wireless Networks
Creators: name: Zappone, Alessio
name: Björnson, Emil
name: Sanguinetti, Luca
name: Jorswieck, Eduard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The characterization of the global maximum of energy efficiency (EE) problems in wireless networks is a challenging problem due to the non-convex nature of investigated problems in interference channels. The aim of this work is to develop a new and general framework to achieve globally optimal solutions. First, the hidden monotonic structure of the most common EE maximization problems is exploited jointly with fractional programming theory to obtain globally optimal solutions with exponential complexity in the number of network links. To overcome this issue, we also propose a framework to compute suboptimal power control strategies characterized by affordable complexity. This is achieved by merging fractional programming and sequential optimization. The proposed monotonic framework is used to shed light on the ultimate performance of wireless networks in terms of EE and also to benchmark the performance of the lower-complexity framework based on sequential programming. Numerical evidence is provided to show that the sequential fractional programming framework achieves global optimality in several practical communication scenarios.
description: Accepted for publication in the IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Discomfort by Association: Identifying Differences in Symbolic vs. Contact Moral Contagion
Creators: name: Iqmal, Muhammad
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: contamination
subject: disgust
subject: moral
subject: moral contagion
subject: reputation

description: This is Study 2 of a project on moral contagion. Study 1 findings gave rise to two observations we aim to address with the current study. First, that objects that have been in contact with immoral sources are not necessarily deemed very immoral themselves (as revealed by the mean ratings of the first study), but rather that immoral people can be contaminating. Second, that different types of immoral associations give rise to different motivations for avoidance. Also, that with an immoral symbol, the appraisal of immorality and the disgust towards the symbol are not related to appraisals of the object as morally contaminating and discomfort wearing the object is not related to perceiving the object as morally contaminating. Rather, individual difference measures suggest that the discomfort may be driven more by reputation concern, while these perceptions are driven by contamination fear for cases of contact with an immoral source. Exploring this distinction between immoral symbols and immoral contact is the purpose of the current study.
endoscopic-endonasal-resection-of-sinonasal-tumors-feasibility-and-outcome-nci-experience-624bf994847d9.pdf
Creators: name: Raafat, Abdalwahab
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Health management

description: endoscopic-endonasal-resection-of-sinonasal-tumors-feasibility-and-outcome-nci-experience-624bf994847d9.pdf
Urban Renewal Decision - Making in China
Creators: name: Zhuang, Taozhi
Publisher: name: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment
Year: 2020

description: To meet the growing rigid demand of urban housing, urban renewal has played a significant role, which significantly promotes the urban prosperity in China. However, at the same time, many problems occurred through large-scale urban renewal projects. To avoid unintended consequences that occurred in urban renewal, how these decisions were made can be one key focus. To better achieve the goal of sustainability, this research aims to deepen the understanding of urban renewal decision-making in China and contribute to recommend strategies to improve the system. Based on the participatory decision-making theory and the characteristics of urban renewal, a conceptual framework is built to achieve the aim of this research. According to the research framework, this research firstly conducted an empirical study of stakeholders’ expectations in urban renewal projects. Eighteen factors are identified and compared among the main stakeholder groups. Secondly, this research explores the stakeholders and their participation in the decision-making of urban renewal in China. Stakeholder Analysis and Social Network Analysis are complemented as the research methodology. In the third step, transaction costs theory is adopted to improve the understanding of urban renewal decision-making process in China. Based on the results of the above three steps, the last step of this research systematically determines a set of strategies for improving urban renewal decision-making in China by adopting the Analytic Network Process. The findings of this research add new knowledge on the exploration of the decision-making of public projects and can be directly adopted by the authority in practice.
description: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment, No. 16 (2020): Urban Renewal Decision- Making in China
title: Παραγωγή αερίου σύνθεσης εμπλουτισμένου σε υδρογόνο, από καταλυτική αεριοποίηση στερεών αποβλήτων με ατμό, με ελαχιστοποίηση εκπομπών διοξειδίου του άνθρακα

Creators: name: Ελμαζαι Γιουλιαν
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2023

description: Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία μελετήθηκε η αεριοποίηση με ατμό  αγροτοβιομηχανικών αποβλήτων, συγκεκριμένα στέμφυλων ως αποβλήτων οινοποιείων, χρησιμοποιώντας παιπάλη από απόβλητα λατομείου επεξεργασίας λεπτομερών αδρανών ως απορροφητικό υλικό για την συγκράτηση του διοξειδίου του άνθρακα από τα αέρια προϊόντα και ανθρακικά αλκάλια των K, Li, Na ως καταλύτες. Ο σκοπός της εργασίας ήταν να μεγιστοποιηθεί η απόδοση σε καύσιμο H2, με παράλληλη μείωση των εκπομπών αερίων του θερμοκηπίου. Διερευνήθηκαν η επίδραση του λόγου Ca/C του απορροφητικού υλικού, η ποσότητα εμποτισμού των καταλυτών και η θερμοκρασία αεριοποίησης στην απόδοση σε αέριο, την σύσταση του αερίου, την απόδοση σε υδρογόνο και την ανώτερη θερμογόνο δύναμη. Τα πειράματα διεξήχθησαν σε σύστημα αντιδραστήρα σταθερής κλίνης και σε  σύστημα θερμοζυγού-φασματογράφου μάζας (TG-MS). Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι για λόγο Ca/C=1 και θερμοκρασία αεριοποίησης 750°C, παράχθηκε το μέγιστο ποσοστό σε υδρογόνο 74.8% mol, ενώ η απορρόφηση του διοξειδίου του άνθρακα από τα αέρια προϊόντα έφτασε το 82.6%. Όσον αφορά τους καταλύτες, τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι η σειρά καταλυτικής ενεργότητας για ποσοστό 20% κ.β. ήταν Na2CO3>K2CO3>Li2CO3, ενώ για ποσοστό 30% κ.β. αντιστράφηκε Li2CO3>K2CO3>Na2CO3. Ως καλύτερος καταλύτης αποδείχθηκε το Na2CO3, καθώς είχε σαν αποτέλεσμα το υψηλότερο ποσοστό σε υδρογόνο 95.9% mol στο αέριο μείγμα με απόδοση 4.7 m3/kg, την υψηλότερη ανώτερη θερμογόνο δύναμη αέριου προϊόντος 13.1 MJ/m3 και ποσοστό απορρόφησης του διοξειδίου του άνθρακα περίπου 95%.
Verification-based software-fault detection
Creators: name: Gladisch, Christoph David
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2011
Subjects: Fault Detection
Theorem Proving
Model Generation
Test Generation
Dynamic Logic

description: Software is used in many safety- and security-critical systems. Software development is, however, an error-prone task. In this work new techniques for the detection of software faults (or software "bugs") are described which are based on a formal deductive verification technology. The described techniques take advantage of information obtained during verification and combine verification technology with deductive fault detection and test generation in a very unified way.
Revisiting time reversal and holography with spacetime transformations
Creators: name: Bacot, Vincent
name: Labousse, Matthieu
name: Eddi, Antonin
name: Fink, Mathias
name: Fort, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wave control is usually performed by spatially engineering the properties of a medium. Because time and space play similar roles in wave propagation, manipulating time boundaries provides a complementary approach. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the relevance of this concept by introducing instantaneous time mirrors. We show with water waves that a sudden change of the effective gravity generates time-reversed waves that refocus at the source. We generalize this concept for all kinds of waves introducing a universal framework which explains the effect of any time disruption on wave propagation. We show that sudden changes of the medium properties generate instant wave sources that emerge instantaneously from the entire space at the time disruption. The time-reversed waves originate from these "Cauchy sources" which are the counterpart of Huygens virtual sources on a time boundary. It allows us to revisit the holographic method and introduce a new approach for wave control.
description: 5 figures
Ein neues Konzept zur automatisierten Bewertung von Fertigkeiten in der minimal invasiven Chirurgie für Virtual Reality Simulatoren in Grid-Umgebungen
Creators: name: Boll, Marie-Theres
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2011
Subjects: Bewertung
minimal invasive Chirurgie
Simulator

description: Die minimal invasive Chirurgie stellt besondere Anforderungen an die Chirurgen. Deshalb ist ein Simulator-Training wichtig. Für ein effektives Training ist eine automatisierte Beurteilung wesentlich. Deshalb wird hier ein neues, umfassendes Konzept für die automatisierte Bewertung von Fertigkeiten in der minimal invasiven Chirurgie für Virtual Reality Simulatoren vorgestellt. Dabei wird das Bewertungssystem für eine zeitnahe Beurteilung in einer Grid-Umgebung implementiert.
Mechanical Response of Random Fibrous Structures subjected to Local Contractile Forces
Creators: name: Mishra, Ashutosh
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: Random fibrous networks are integral structural components found in a wide range of materials, encompassing both biological and non-biological domains. These networks contribute to the structural support and unique functionalities exhibited by materials such as paper, fabric, rubber, cell cytoskeleton, and extracellular matrix (ECM). The mechanical behaviors displayed by fibrous networks are distinctive, with nonlinear strain stiffening being a notable characteristic. As a result, there has been a growing interest in studying these network-based materials for two primary reasons. Firstly, there is a strong desire to understand the behavior and functionality of fibrous networks in their natural environments and gain insights into the underlying mechanisms that contribute to their unique mechanical behavior. Secondly, exploring fibrous materials opens up possibilities for developing advanced materials that mimic or even exceed the unique properties exhibited by natural networks. This thesis focuses on investigating the nonlinear strain stiffening behavior of random fibrous networks through simulations and analyses under various loading conditions. The aim is to gain a deeper understanding of their mechanical response and functionalities. Additionally, the influence of prestress on network behavior and the significance of random networks in the long-range transmission of physical cues are examined. By studying the effect of prestress on fibrous networks, the goal is to enhance our understanding of their response in real-world conditions. Furthermore, investigating the role of random networks in the transmission of physical cues provides valuable insight into how these networks facilitate communication within materials. The study of fibrous random networks offers significant potential in understanding their unique mechanical response, paving the way for the development of materials with tailored structural properties.
Numerische Simulation turbulenter reaktiver Strömungen mit einem hybriden CFD/transported PDF Modell
Creators: name: Lipp, Stefan
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2011
Subjects: Numerische Simulation
turbulente Flammen
hybride transported PDF Modelle
Drallflammen
Instabilitäten

description: Die mathematische Modellierung turbulenter Flammen ist auf Grund der intensiven Kopplung zwischen turbulenten Transportprozessen und der chemischen Kinetik eine herausfordernde Aufgabe. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Modell vorgestellt, das seinen Fokus auf der detaillierten Simulation der Turbulenz-Chemie-Interaktion hat. Das Modell soll dabei generisch sein in dem Sinne, als das es für verschiedene Verbrennungsregime anwendbar und prädiktiv ist.
Facile synthesis of new, highly efficient SnO2/carbon nitride composite photocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Creators: name: Fettkenhauer, Christian
name: Clavel, Guylhaine
name: Kailasam, Kamalakannan
name: Antonietti, Markus
name: Dontsova, Dariya
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Novel SnO2/carbon nitride photocatalysts having surface areas up to 220 m(2) g(-1) were prepared for the first time by condensation of dicyandiamide in alkali metal chloride/SnCl2-containing salt melts at 550 degrees C, without the use of hard templates. XRD and HR-TEM investigations showed that the obtained materials are composed of 5-10 nm SnO2 nanoparticles deposited onto nanosheets set up from 1D-melon ribbons. The morphology and crystalline structure of products appear to be greatly dependent on the synthesis temperature. SnO2/carbon nitride composites are found to be highly efficient in the photocatalytic reactions, as exemplified by Rhodamine B degradation and water reduction using Pt as a cocatalyst. Under the optimized synthesis conditions, these composite photocatalysts achieve hydrogen evolution rates more than 2 times higher than the mesoporous carbon nitride (mp-CN) under visible light irradiation. In principle, this new method based on utilization of MCl/SnCl2 salt melts as a reaction medium allows carrying out various polymerization reactions in the presence of the mild Lewis acid in the solution phase in the wide temperature range of 180-550 degrees C. Moreover, SnCl2 eutectics are even suitable for post-synthesis modification of the bulk carbon nitride to tune its morphology and greatly increase the surface area and photocatalytic activity.
Prozessintegration des Target Costings in der Fertigungsindustrie am Beispiel Sondermaschinenbau
Creators: name: Meier, Gunter
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2011
Subjects: Target Costing
Produktentwicklung
PLM
Maschinenbau
Zielkostenermittlung

description: Target Costing dient der Entwicklung wirtschaftlicher Produkte, wobei das Verfahren Schwächen und fehlende Ausgestaltungen hat. Aus diesem Grund werden Methoden und Prozessverbesserungen entwickelt, die das Target Costing erweitern und unterstützen. Die Methoden und Prozessverbesserungen werden in einem Anwendungsfall des Maschinenbaus in Bezug auf ihre Praxistauglichkeit überprüft. Es wird gezeigt, wodurch die Produktentwicklung von den neuen Methoden und Prozessverbesserungen profitiert.
A Mathematical Model for the Genetic Code(s) Based on Fibonacci Numbers and their q-Analogues
Creators: name: Negadi, Tidjani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This work aims at showing the relevance and the applications possibilities of the Fibonacci sequence, and also its q-deformed or quantum extension, in the study of the genetic code(s). First, after the presentation of a new formula, an indexed double Fibonacci sequence, comprising the first six Fibonacci numbers, is shown to describe the 20 amino acids multiplets and their degeneracy as well as a characteristic pattern for the 61 meaningful codons. Next, the twenty amino acids, classified according to their increasing atom-number (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur), exhibit several Fibonacci sequence patterns. Several mathematical relations are given, describing various atom-number patterns. Finally, a q-Fibonacci simple phenomenological model, with q a real deformation parameter, is used to describe, in a unified way, not only the standard genetic code, when q=1, but also all known slight variations of this latter, when q~1, as well as the case of the 21st amino acid (Selenocysteine) and the 22nd one (Pyrrolysine), also when q~1. As a by-product of this elementary model, we also show that, in the limit q=0, the number of amino acids reaches the value 6, in good agreement with old and still persistent claims stating that life, in its early development, could have used only a small number of amino acids.
A Miniature Animal-Computer Interface for Use with Free-Flying Moths
Creators: name: Springthorpe, Dwight, II
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2011

description: Although the neurophysiological basis of insect flight control has been studied extensively and successfully in animals attached to rigid tethers, these conditions disrupt the natural feedback between the subject's intentions, sensory input, and motor output. Understanding how individual control algorithms are integrated at a behavioral level requires acquisition and modification of biopotentials in completely untethered, free-flying animals. Herein, I present and test a miniaturized animal-computer interface for use with freely-flying Manduca sexta hawkmoths. This device is capable of simultaneously acquiring two independent biopotential signals, applying electrical neuromuscular stimulation, and correlating collected and applied signals with behavioral data from high-speed videography. Application of this device may offer substantial insight into how insects fly and, by replicating these mechanisms, facilitate wider application of micro air vehicles through improved flight efficiency, stability, and maneuverability.
Multiscale spatial contexts and neighbourhood effects
Creators: name: Petrović, Ana
Publisher: name: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment
Year: 2020

description: This thesis has developed alternative methods of operationalising neighbourhoods at multiple spatial scales and used them to advance our understanding of spatial inequalities and neighbourhood effects. The underlying problem that motivated this thesis is that many empirical studies use predefined administrative units, and this does not often align with the underlying theory or geography. Despite the extensive literature on neighbourhood effects and, more generally, on sociospatial inequalities, spatial scale remains an under-analysed concept. As a response to this research gap, this thesis takes a multiscale approach to both theory and empirical analysis of neighbourhood effects, highlighting the multitude of spatial processes that may affect individual outcomes of people. To operationalise this, we created bespoke areas (centred around each location) at a range of one hundred scales representing people’s residential contexts, primarily in the Netherlands but also in multiple European capitals. Using microgeographic data and a large number of scales combined with small distance increments revealed subtle changes in sociodemographic characteristics across space. In doing so, we provided new insights into ethnic segregation, potential exposures to poverty, and neighbourhood effects on income, all in light of the fundamental issue of spatial scale: The analyses of sociospatial inequalities are substantially affected by the scale used to operationalise spatial context, and this varies within and between cities and urban regions. The aim of this thesis was therefore not to find a single, ‘true’ scale of neighbourhood, but to acknowledge, operationalise, and better understand the multiplicity of spatial scales.
description: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment, No. 15 (2020): Multiscale spatial contexts and neighbourhood effects
Magnetic fields in primordial accretion disks
Creators: name: Latif, Muhammad A.
name: Schleicher, Dominik R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic fields are considered as a vital ingredient of contemporary star formation, and may have been important during the formation of the first stars in the presence of an efficient amplification mechanism. Initial seed fields are provided via plasma fluctuations, and are subsequently amplified by the small-scale dynamo, leading to a strong tangled magnetic field. Here we explore how the magnetic field provided by the small-scale dynamo is further amplified via the $α-Ω$ dynamo in a protostellar disk and assess its implications. For this purpose, we consider two characteristic cases, a typical Pop.~III star with $10$~M$_\odot$ and an accretion rate of $10^{-3}$~M$_\odot$~yr$^{-1}$, and a supermassive star with $10^5$~M$_\odot$ and an accretion rate of $10^{-1}$~M$_\odot$~yr$^{-1}$. For the $10$~M$_\odot$ Pop.~III star, we find that coherent magnetic fields can be produced on scales of at least $100$~AU, which are sufficient to drive a jet with a luminosity of $100$~L$_\odot$ and a mass outflow rate of $10^{-3.7}$~M$_\odot$~yr$^{-1}$. For the supermassive star, the dynamical timescales in its environment are even shorter, implying smaller orbital timescales and an efficient magnetization out to at least $1000$~AU. The jet luminosity corresponds to $\sim10^{6.0}$~L$_\odot$, and a mass outflow rate of $10^{-2.1}$~M$_\odot$~yr$^{-1}$. We expect that the feedback from the supermassive star can have a relevant impact on its host galaxy.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics, comments are still welcome
Systemansatz zur anregungsunabhängigen Charakterisierung des Schwingungskomforts eines Fahrzeugs
Creators: name: Iliev, Vladimir
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2011
Subjects: Fahrzeugtechnik
Schwingungskomfort
Übertragungsverhalten
Fahrbahnanregung
Übertragungsfunktion

description: Im Rahmen der Arbeit wird ein Systemansatz entwickelt, der den Schwingungskomfort eines Fahrzeugs unabhängig von der Fahrbahnanregung durch sechs Parameter charakterisiert. Hierfür werden zur Berücksichtigung der nichtlinearen Eigenschaften zwischen der Fahrbahnanregung und den Aufbaubeschleunigungen anregungsabhängige Übertragungsfunktionen aus dem Fahrbetrieb identifiziert. Diese dienen zusammen mit einem Validierungsverfahren der anregungsunabhängigen Charakterisierung des Schwingungskomforts.
Herstellung und Eigenschaften von Optokeramiken auf der Basis von Mg-Spinell und Aluminiumoxid
Creators: name: Kahraman, Deniz
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2011
Subjects: Optokeramik
Mg-Spinell
Aluminiumoxid
transparent
Keramik

description: Doppelbrechendes Aluminiumoxid und isotroper Mg-Spinell sind zwei Vertreter der technischen Keramiken, die aufgrund ihrer großen Bandlücken zur optisch-transparenten Verdichtung geeignet sind. Die Gefügeentwicklung in Keramiken, die mittels Sintern und anschließender heißisostatischer Verdichtung bzw. über ein Heißpressverfahren hergestellt werden, wird untersucht. Anhand von Spektralphotometrie erfolgt die Beurteilung der Eignung der Formgebungs- und Verdichtungsrouten.
Topological phase transitions with SO(4) symmetry in (2+1)d interacting Dirac fermions
Creators: name: Xu, Xiao Yan
name: Beach, K. S. D.
name: Sun, Kai
name: Assaad, F. F.
name: Meng, Zi Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interaction-driven topological phase transitions in Dirac semimetals are investigated by means of large-scale quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations. The interaction among Dirac fermions is introduced by coupling them to Ising spins that realize the quantum dynamics of the two-dimensional transverse field Ising model. The ground state phase diagram, in which the tuning parameters are the transverse field and the coupling between fermion and Ising spins, is determined. At weak and intermediate coupling, a second-order Ising quantum phase transition and a first-order topological phase transition between two topologically distinct Dirac semimetals are observed. Interestingly, at the latter, the Dirac points smear out to form nodal lines in the Brillouin zone, and collective bosonic fluctuations with SO(4) symmetry are strongly enhanced. At strong coupling, these two phase boundaries merge into a first-order transition.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Cool white dwarf companions to four millisecond pulsars
Creators: name: Bassa, C. G.
name: Antoniadis, J.
name: Camilo, F.
name: Cognard, I.
name: Koester, D.
name: Kramer, M.
name: Ransom, S. R.
name: Stappers, B. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on photometric and spectroscopic observations of white dwarf companions to four binary radio millisecond pulsars, leading to the discovery of companions to PSRs J0614-3329, J1231-1411 and J2017+0603. We place limits on the brightness of the companion to PSR J0613-0200. Optical spectroscopy of the companion to PSR J0614-3329 identifies it as a DA type white dwarf with a temperature of Teff=6460+-80 K, a surface gravity log g=7.0+-0.2 cgs and a mass of Mwd=0.24+-0.04 Msun. We find that the distance to PSR J0614-3329 is smaller than previously estimated, removing the need for the pulsar to have an unrealistically high gamma-ray efficiency. Comparing the photometry with predictions from white dwarf cooling models allows us to estimate temperatures and cooling ages of the companions to PSRs J0613-0200, J1231-1411 and J2017+0603. We find that the white dwarfs in these systems are cool Teff<4000 K and old >5 Gyr. Thin Hydrogen envelopes are required for these white dwarfs to cool to the observed temperatures, and we suggest that besides Hydrogen shell flashes, irradiation driven mass loss by the pulsar may have been important.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Dispersionsverstärkte Sinterstähle hergestellt über Field Assisted Sintering
Creators: name: Schwarz, Sebastian
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2011
Subjects: Metall-Keramik-Verbund
Tribologie
mechanische Eigenschaften
Maraging Stahl
Spark Plasma Sintering

description: Es wird die Herstellung und Charakterisierung von partikulären Stahl-Keramik-Verbundwerkstoffen beschrieben. Die Rohmaterialien wurden pulvermetallurgisch verarbeitet und durch sogenanntes "Field Assisted Sintering" (auch SPS) verdichtet. Anschließend wurde Mikrostruktur, Härtbarkeit, mechanische und tribologische Eigenschaften untersucht. Härte und Verschleißbeständigkeit konnten deutlich verbessert werden, wobei die Festigkeit und Zähigkeit mit höheren Partikelgehalten deutlich abnahm.