cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evidence on facilitators and barriers for migrant children in accessing mental health care for mental health conditions: a scoping review
Creators: name: Cen, Danlu
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mental and Social Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: The work encompasses a comprehensive scoping review of the academic and grey literature to answer questions related to migrant children’s access to mental health services for mental health conditions. Specifically, we will review and synthesize scientific and grey literature on the following question: What is the evidence on access and/or barriers (e.g., policy and legal barriers, health system barriers, community-level barriers and including gender and age considerations) for migrant children in accessing mental health care (including prevention and mental services) for mental health conditions? We will use the definition of “migrant” as “a person who moves away from his or her place of usual residence, whether within a country or across an international border, temporarily or permanently, and for a variety of reasons” (International Organization for Migration, 2019). Based on this definition, we will develop a strategy to search scientific databases for articles relevant to mental health service utilization in migrant children and adolescents. Sample: Migrant children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger PI: Facilitators and/or barriers for accessing mental health services for mental health problems. Design: Published literature of any research design, grey literature. Evaluation: Prevalence, measures of association, views, characteristics. Research type: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods peer reviewed studies. Grey literature including government reports and briefings, theses, conference proceedings.
Recent advances in hole-spin qubits
Creators: name: Fang, Yinan
name: Philippopoulos, Pericles
name: Culcer, Dimitrie
name: Coish, W. A.
name: Chesi, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, hole-spin qubits based on semiconductor quantum dots have advanced at a rapid pace. We first review the main potential advantages of these hole-spin qubits with respect to their electron-spin counterparts, and give a general theoretical framework describing them. The basic features of spin-orbit coupling and hyperfine interaction in the valence band are discussed, together with consequences on coherence and spin manipulation. In the second part of the article we provide a survey of experimental realizations, which spans a relatively broad spectrum of devices based on GaAs, Si, or Si/Ge heterostructures. We conclude with a brief outlook.
description: 46 pages, 5 figures
Supplementary Material from The left ventral premotor cortex is involved in hand shaping for intransitive gestures: evidence from a two-person imitation experiment
Creators: name: Reader, Arran T.
name: Holmes, Nicholas P.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 179999 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This file features all supplementary tables and figures
Evidence on facilitators and barriers for migrant children in accessing mental health care: a scoping review
Creators: name: Cen, Danlu
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: adolescents
subject: children
subject: mental health
subject: mental health services
subject: migrant

description: The work encompasses a comprehensive scoping review of the academic and grey literature to answer questions related to migrant children’s access to mental health services for major mental health conditions (e.g., Depression, Anxiety and Psychosis). Specifically, we will review and synthesize scientific and grey literature on the following questions: 1. What is the evidence on access and/or barriers (e.g., policy and legal barriers, health system barriers, community-level barriers and including gender and age considerations) for migrant children in accessing mental health care (including prevention and mental services) for mental health conditions? 2. What is the evidence on access and/or barriers for refugee and migrant children in accessing mental health services for major mental health conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic? We will use the definition of “migrant” as “a person who moves away from his or her place of usual residence, whether within a country or across an international border, temporarily or permanently, and for a variety of reasons” (International Organization for Migration, 2019). Based on this definition, we will develop a strategy to search scientific databases for articles relevant to mental health service utilization in migrant children and adolescents. Sample: Migrant children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger PI: Facilitators and/or barriers for accessing mental health services for major mental health problems (depression, anxiety and psychosis). Design: Published literature of any research design, grey literature. Evaluation: Prevalence, measures of association, views, characteristics. Research type: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods peer reviewed studies. Grey literature including government reports and briefings, theses, conference proceedings.
RNA Replicon Delivery via Lipid-Complexed PRINT Protein Particles
Creators: name: Xu, Jing
name: Smith, Jonathan
name: Berglund, Peter
name: Napier, Mary E.
name: Wang, Jin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Herein we report the development of a non-viral lipid-complexed PRINT® (particle replication in non-wetting templates) protein particle system (LPP particle) for RNA replicon delivery with a view towards RNA replicon-based vaccination. Cylindrical bovine serum albumin (BSA) particles (diameter (d) 1 µm, height (h) 1 µm) loaded with RNA replicon and stabilized with a fully reversible disulfide cross-linker were fabricated using PRINT technology. Highly efficient delivery of the particles to Vero cells was achieved by complexing particles with a mixture of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) lipids. Our data suggest that: 1) this lipid-complexed protein particle is a promising system for delivery of RNA replicon-based vaccines, and 2) it is necessary to use a degradable cross-linker for successful delivery of RNA replicon via protein-based particles.
Twin stars as probes of the nuclear equation of state: effects of rotation through the PSR J0952-0607 pulsar and constraints via the tidal deformability from the GW170817 event
Creators: name: Tsaloukidis, Lazaros
name: Koliogiannis, P. S.
name: Kanakis-Pegios, A.
name: Moustakidis, Ch. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In agreement with the constantly increasing gravitational wave events, new aspects of the internal structure of compact stars can be considered. A scenario in which a first order transition takes place inside these stars is of particular interest as it can lead, under conditions, to a third gravitationally stable branch (besides white dwarfs and neutron stars), the twin stars. The new branch yields stars with the same mass as normal compact stars but quite different radii. In the present work, we focus on hybrid stars undergone a hadron to quark phase transition near their core and how this new stable configuration arises. Emphasis is to be given on the aspects of the phase transition and its parametrization in two different ways, namely with Maxwell and Gibbs construction. We systematically study the gravitational mass, the radius, and the tidal deformability, and we compare them with the predictions of the recent observation by LIGO/VIRGO collaboration, the GW170817 event, along with the mass and radius limits, suggesting possible robust constraints. Moreover, we extent the study in order to include rotation effects on the twin stars configurations. The recent discovery of the fast rotating supermassive pulsar PSR J0952-0607 triggered the effort to constrain the equation of state and moreover to examine possible predictions related to the phase transition in dense nuclear matter. We pay special attention to relate the PSR J0952-0607 pulsar properties with the twin stars predictions and mainly to explore the possibility that the existence of such a massive object would rule out the existence of twin stars. Finally, we discuss the constraints on the radius and mass of the recently observed compact object within the supernova remnant HESS J1731-347. The estimations implies that this object is either the lightest neutron star known, or a star with a more exotic equation of state.
description: v1: 16 pages, 17 figures; v2 : 17 pages, 17 figures, updated references; accepted for publication in Physical Review D
(400365) James Wilson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Conditional Lipschitz shadowing for ordinary differential equations
Creators: name: Backes, Lucas
name: Dragicevic, Davor
name: Onitsuka, Masakazu
name: Pituk, Mihaly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce the notion of conditional Lipschitz shadowing, which does not aim to shadow every pseudo-orbit, but only those which belong to a certain prescribed set. We establish two types of sufficient conditions under which certain non\-auto\-nomous ordinary differential equations have such a property. The first criterion applies to a semilinear differential equation provided that its linear part is hyperbolic and the nonlinearity is small in a neighborhood of the prescribed set. The second criterion requires that the logarithmic norm of the derivative of the right-hand side with respect to the state variable is uniformly negative in a neighborhood of the prescribed set. The results are applicable to important classes of model equations including the logistic equation, whose conditional shadowing has recently been studied. Several examples are constructed showing that the obtained conditions are optimal.
Biodistribution and in Vivo Activities of Tumor-Associated Macrophage-Targeting Nanoparticles Incorporated with Doxorubicin
Creators: name: Niu, Mengmeng
name: Aldayel, Abdulaziz M.
name: Naguib, Youssef W.
name: Hersh, Matthew A.
name: Cui, Zhengrong
name: Shi, Yan-chun
name: Hursting, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are increasingly considered a viable target for tumor imaging and therapy. Previously, we reported that innovative surface-functionalization of nanoparticles may help target them to TAMs. In this report, using poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles incorporated with doxorubicin (DOX) (DOX-NPs), we studied the effect of surface-modification of the nanoparticles with mannose and/or acid-sensitive sheddable polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the biodistribution of DOX and the uptake of DOX by TAMs in tumor-bearing mice. We demonstrated that surface-modification of the DOX-NPs with both mannose and acid-sensitive sheddable PEG significantly increased the accumulation of DOX in tumors, enhanced the uptake of the DOX by TAMs, but decreased the distribution of DOX in mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), such as liver. We also confirmed that the acid-sensitive sheddable PEGylated, mannose-modified DOX-nanoparticles (DOX-AS-M-NPs) targeted TAMs because depletion of TAMs in tumor-bearing mice significantly decreased the accumulation of DOX in tumor tissues. Furthermore, in a B16-F10 tumor-bearing mouse model, we showed that the DOX-AS-M-NPs were significantly more effective than free DOX in controlling tumor growth but had only minimum effect on the macrophage population in mouse liver and spleen. The AS-M-NPs are promising in targeting cytotoxic or macrophage-modulating agents into tumors to improve tumor therapy.
Non-Contact Friction for Ion-Surface Interactions
Creators: name: Jentschura, U. D.
name: Lach, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-contact friction forces are exerted on physical systems through dissipative processes, when the two systems are not in physical contact with each other, or, in quantum mechanical terms, when the overlap of their wave functions is negligible. Non-contact friction is mediated by the exchange of virtual quanta, with the additional requirement that the scattering process needs to have an inelastic component. For finite-temperature ion-surface interactions, the friction is essentially caused by Ohmic resistance due to the motion of the image charge moving in a dielectric material. A conceivable experiment is difficult because the friction force needs to be isolated from the interaction with the image charge, which significantly distorts the ion's flight path. We propose an experimental setup which is designed to minimize the influence of the image charge interaction though a compensation mechanism, and evaluate the energy loss due to non-contact friction for helium ions (He+) interacting with gold, vanadium, titanium and graphite surfaces. Interactions with the infinite series of mirror charges in the plates are summed in terms of the logarithmic derivatives of the Gamma function, and of the Hurwitz zeta function.
description: 9 pages; ReVTeX; accepted for publication in Eur.Phys.J.D
(400366) John Wilson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Doubly Robust Goodness-of-Fit Test of Coarse Structural Nested Mean Models with Application to Initiating combination antiretroviral treatment in HIV-Positive Patients
Creators: name: Yang, Shu
name: Lok, Judith J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Coarse Structural Nested Mean Models (SNMMs) provide useful tools to estimate treatment effects from longitudinal observational data with time-dependent confounders. Coarse SNMMs lead to a large class of estimators,within which an optimal estimator can be derived under the conditions of well-specified models for the treatment effect, for treatment initiation, and for nuisance regression outcomes (Lok & Griner, 2015). The key assumption lies in a well-specified model for the treatment effect; however, there is no existing guidance to specify the treatment effect model, and model misspecification leads to biased estimators, preventing valid inference. To test whether the treatment effect model matches the data well, we derive a goodness-of-fit (GOF) test procedure based on overidentification restrictions tests (Sargan, 1958; Hansen, 1982). We show that our GOF statistic is doubly-robust in the sense that with a correct treatment effect model, if either the treatment initiation model or the nuisance regression outcome model is correctly specified, the GOF statistic has a Chi-squared limiting distribution with degrees of freedom equal to the number of overidentification restrictions. We demonstrate the empirical relevance of our methods using simulation designs based on an actual dataset. In addition, we apply the GOF test procedure to study how the initiation time of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) after infection predicts the one-year treatment effect in HIV-positive patients with acute and early infection.
description: 25 pages, 0 figure
REVIEW ON NEW DRUG DEVELOPMENT IN CANCER
Creators: name: V. S. Chandrasekaran
name: Vasa Kalyani
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The past decade has seen the publication of a number of new proposals for the design of phase 1 trials of anti-cancer agents. As addressed by the recent Food and Drug Administration Critical Path Initiative, tools are urgently needed to increasethe speed, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of drug development for cancer and other diseases Scientists have revealed details of the discovery of a new cancer drug that could be used to treat a range of cancer types, including some blood cancers and solid tumors. Recently,the rapid growth of computational toolsfor drug discovery, includinganticancer therapies, has exhibited a significant and outstanding impact on anticancer drug design and has also provided fruitful insightsinto the area of cancer therapy.Generally, drug development is a long process because a potential new drug must be identified and then evaluated in preclinical and clinicalstudies. The discoveryof a potential new drug can occur in several different ways. Researchers may identify a new drug by testing numerous compounds in a laboratory panel to assess for any beneficial effects,such as stopping cancer cell growth or killing cancer cells.
KEY WORDS: Drug development, Cancer, Clinical Practice, Pharmacogenomics, Cytochrome.
A mathematical model of cocoa bean fermentation: Supplementary Material.
Creators: name: Moreno-Zambrano, Mauricio
name: Grimbs, Sergio
name: Ullrich, Matthias S.
name: Marc-Thorsten Hütt
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Cocoa bean fermentation relies on the sequential activation of several microbial populations, triggering a temporal pattern of biochemical transformations. Understanding this complex process is of tremendous importance as it is known to form the precursors of the resulting chocolate’s flavour and taste. At the same time, cocoa bean fermentation is one of the least controlled processes in the food industry. Here, a quantitative model of cocoa bean fermentation is constructed based on available microbiological and biochemical knowledge. The model is formulated as a system of coupled ordinary differential equations with two distinct types of state variables: (i) metabolite concentrations of glucose, fructose, ethanol, lactic acid and acetic acid and (ii) population sizes of yeast, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria. We demonstrate that the model can quantitatively describe existing fermentation time series and that the estimated parameters, obtained by a Bayesian framework, can be used to extract and interpret differences in environmental conditions. The proposed model is a valuable tool towards a mechanistic understanding of this complex biochemical process, and can serve as a starting point for hypothesis testing of new systemic adjustments. In addition to providing the first quantitative mathematical model of cocoa bean fermentation, the purpose of our investigation is to show how differences in estimated parameter values for two experiments allow us to deduce differences in experimental conditions.
Combinational Delivery of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Anticancer Drugs in Single Nanoemulsions To Treat MDR in Cancer
Creators: name: Wang, Dun
name: Fallon, John K.
name: He, Zhonggui
name: Ma, Yan
name: Yang, Xinggang
name: Liu, Dan
name: Wang, Yongjun
name: Liu, Feng
name: Fu, Qiang
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: In this study, we developed the core-matched nanoemulsions (NEs) functionalized by vitamin E (VE) and tocopherol poly(ethylene glycol)succinate (TPGS) to codeliver hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, paclitaxel (PTX) and 5-fluoroucacil (5-FU), in order to achieve synergistic effects and overcome PTX resistance in a multi-drug-resistant (MDR) human epidermal carcinoma cell line KB-8-5. Antitumor effect of the combination therapy based on core-matched technology (CMT) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in mice. The core-matched NEs showed entrapment efficiency of >90% and were of nanoscale particle size and negative zeta-potential. The combined core-matched NEs exhibited concentration and time-dependent cytotoxicity against PTX-sensitive KB-3-1 cells and PTX-resistant KB-8-5 cells as well as an obviously increased G2/M phase block. The improvements in therapeutic response over either PTX–VE or 5-FU–TPGS therapy alone were demonstrated by the ability to effectively induce the apoptosis of tumor cells via up-regulation of tumor suppressor p53 and β-tubulin and by the significant inhibition of cell cycle progression. The combination therapy led to dramatic inhibition of tumor growth with little toxicity in vivo, especially in the PTX-resistant KB-8-5 tumors, whereas Taxol had little therapeutic effect. This was mainly ascribed to the synergism of PTX and 5-FU and the reverse of MDR by the inhibition of ATPase activity by VE and TPGS. Coencapsulation of two chemotherapeutic agents with different mechanisms allows simultaneous interruption of diverse anticancer pathways, resulting in increased therapeutic response and low toxicity. The CMT markedly facilitated the long circulation of PTX and 5-FU, which was closely associated with the high accumulation of chemotherapeutic agents within the tumors and the improvement of antitumor efficacy. The current study demonstrated the feasibility of incorporating PTX and 5-FU targeting to different pathways into a single core-matched NE for the reversal of MDR and synergism in cancer therapy.
(400367) David Wilson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Pluronics and MDR Reversal: An Update
Creators: name: Alakhova, Daria Y.
name: Kabanov, Alexander V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains one of the biggest obstacles for effective cancer therapy. Currently there are only few methods that are available clinically that are used to bypass MDR with very limited success. In this review we describe how MDR can be overcome by a simple yet effective approach of using amphiphilic block copolymers. Triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO), arranged in a triblock structure PEO-PPO-PEO, Pluronics or “poloxamers”, raised a considerable interest in the drug delivery field. Previous studies demonstrated that Pluronics sensitize MDR cancer cells resulting in increased cytotoxic activity of Dox, paclitaxel, and other drugs by 2–3 orders of magnitude. Pluronics can also prevent the development of MDR in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, promising results of clinical studies of Dox/Pluronic formulation reinforced the need to ascertain a thorough understanding of Pluronic effects in tumors. These effects are extremely comprehensive and appear on the level of plasma membranes, mitochondria, and regulation of gene expression selectively in MDR cancer cells. Moreover, it has been demonstrated recently that Pluronics can effectively deplete tumorigenic intrinsically drug-resistant cancer stem cells (CSC). Interestingly, sensitization of MDR and inhibition of drug efflux transporters is not specific or selective to Pluronics. Other amphiphilic polymers have shown similar activities in various experimental models. This review summarizes recent advances of understanding the Pluronic effects in sensitization and prevention of MDR.
(400368) Thomas Wilson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Matrix-product-state method with a dynamical local basis optimization for bosonic systems out of equilibrium
Creators: name: Brockt, Christoph
name: Dorfner, Florian
name: Vidmar, Lev
name: Heidrich-Meisner, Fabian
name: Jeckelmann, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method for simulating the time evolution of one-dimensional correlated electron-phonon systems which combines the time-evolving block decimation algorithm with a dynamical optimization of the local basis. This approach can reduce the computational cost by orders of magnitude when boson fluctuations are large. The method is demonstrated on the nonequilibrium Holstein polaron by comparison with exact simulations in a limited functional space and on the scattering of an electronic wave packet by local phonon modes. Our study of the scattering problem reveals a rich physics including transient self-trapping and dissipation.
Complex decoherence-free interactions between giant atoms
Creators: name: Du, Lei
name: Guo, Lingzhen
name: Li, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Giant atoms provide a promising platform for engineering decoherence-free interactions which is a major task in modern quantum technologies. Here we study systematically how to implement complex decoherence-free interactions among giant atoms resorting to periodic coupling modulations and suitable arrangements of coupling points. We demonstrate that the phase of the modulation, which is tunable in experiments, can be encoded into the decoherence-free interactions, and thus enables phase-dependent dynamics when the giant atoms constitute an effective closed loop. Moreover, we consider the influence of non-Markovian retardation effect arising from large separations of the coupling points and study its dependence on the modulation parameters.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Shape-Controlled Paclitaxel Nanoparticles with Multiple Morphologies: Rod-Shaped, Worm-Like, Spherical, and Fingerprint-Like
Creators: name: Ma, Yan
name: Liu, Feng
name: Fu, Qiang
name: Wang, Yongjun
name: Liu, Dan
name: Wang, Dun
name: Racette, Kelly
name: He, Zhonggui
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Although many nanocarriers have been developed to encapsulate paclitaxel (PTX), the drug loading and circulation time in vivo always are not ideal because of its rigid “brickdust” molecular structure. People usually concentrate their attention on the spherical nanocarriers, here paclitaxel nanoparticles with different geometries were established through the chemical modification of PTX, nanoprecipitation, and core-matched cargos. Previously we have developed rod-shape paclitaxel nanocrystals using block copolymer, pluronic F127. Unfortunately, the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of PTX nanocrystals is very poor. However, when PTX was replaced by its prodrug, the geometry of the nanoparticles changed from rod-shaped to worm-like. The worm-like nanoparticles can be further changed to spherical nanoparticles using the nanoprecipitation method, and changed to fingerprint-like nanoparticles upon the addition of the core-matched PTX. The nanoparticles with nonspherical morphologies, including worm-like nanoparticles and fingerprint-like nanoparticles, offer significant advantages in regards to key PK parameters in vivo. More important, in this report the application of the core-matching technology in creating a core-matched environment capable of controlling the in vivo PK of paclitaxel was demonstrated, and it revealed a novel technique platform to construct nanoparticles and improve the poor PK profiles of the drugs.
Τρισδιάστατη διανυσματική μοντελοποίηση και μέθοδοι υπολογισμού του βαρυτικού και του μαγνητικού πεδίου πεπερασμένων κατανομών
Creators: name: Αναστασιάδης, Κωσταντίνος Π.
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2024
Subjects: Βαρυτικά πεδία
Μαγνητικά πεδία
Μοντελοποίηση με κλειστές κατανομές
Μέθοδοι υπολογισμού βαρυτικών και μαγνητικών πεδίων από απόσταση
3D polyhedral modeling
Methods for calculating gravity and magnetism
Remote computation of gravity on polyhedral 3D models.
Stable computation of gravity due to distance from target

description: Το θέμα της διδακτορικής διατριβής αναφέρεται στην μοντελοποίηση τρισδιάστατων πεπερασμένων κατανομών με διανυσματικό λογισμό, σε τρόπο ώστε να γίνεται δυνατός ο υπολογισμός των βαρυτικών και μαγνητικών του πεδίων από ένα σημείο που βρίσκεται εκτός αυτών και σε απόσταση. Αναλύονται και αναπτύσσονται διεξοδικά μέθοδοι υπολογισμού και εμβαθύνεται η βελτιστοποίηση αυτών, όσον αφορά τον παράγοντα απόσταση. Η απόσταση μεταξύ του σημείου παρατήρησης και του σημείου αναφοράς της κατανομής, όσο αυξάνεται μειώνεται και η εμβέλεια του συγκεκριμένου αλγόριθμου. Ως εκ τούτου μια μέθοδος που θα μειώνει την αριθμητική πολυπλοκότητα του αλγορίθμου, θα ήταν παράγοντας αύξησης της εμβέλειας του. Στην διδακτορική αυτή διατριβή προτείνεται μια νέα μέθοδος ανάλυσης εκ των προτέρων πριν την επεξεργασία του αλγόριθμου, έτσι ώστε να απλουστεύονται οι πράξεις μεγάλης τάξης και να μειώνεται η αριθμητική πολυπλοκότητα. Ενισχύεται το επιχείρημα της ανάγκης μείωσης του μεγέθους της τάξης των όρων που λαμβάνουν χώρα στον υπολογισμό με παραδείγματα επι γής αλλά και στο διάστημα σε συγκεκριμένους αστεροειδείς. Τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν καθαρά ότι οι μέθοδοι που χρησιμοποιούν εκ των προτέρων ανάλυση με ακύρωση των κυρίαρχων όρων υπερισχύουν σε εμβέλεια αυτών που δεν χρησιμοποιούν την τεχνική αυτή.
description: The topic of the PhD thesis refers to the modeling of three-dimensional finite distributions with vector calculus, in such a way that it is possible to calculate its gravitational and magnetic fields from a point outside them and at a distance. Camputation methods are thoroughly analyzed and presented and their optimization, with respect to the distance factor, is deepened. As the distance between the observation point and the reference point of the distribution increases, the range of the particular algorithm decreases. Therefore, a method that would reduce the numerical complexity of the algorithm, would be a factor of increasing its scope. In this PhD thesis, a new method of pre-analysis is proposed before the processing of the algorithm, so as to simplify the large-order operations and reduce the numerical complexity. The argument of the need to reduce the size of the order of the terms that take place in the calculation is strengthened with examples of acceleration and also in space in specific asteroids. The results clearly show that methods that use a priori analysis with cancellation of dominant terms outperform those that do not use this technique.
(400361) Margaret Brown Wilson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
PET Imaging of Dll4 Expression in Glioblastoma and Colorectal Cancer Xenografts Using 64 Cu-Labeled Monoclonal Antibody 61B
Creators: name: Wang, Hui
name: Zhou, Bin
name: Wang, Mengzhe
name: Shan, Hong
name: Giglio, Benjamin C.
name: Liu, Ren
name: Gill, Parkash S.
name: Li, Zibo
name: Deng, Huaifu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) expressed in tumor cells plays a key role to promote tumor growth of numerous cancer types. Based on a novel anti-human Dll4 monoclonal antibody (61B), we developed a (64)Cu-labeled probe for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of tumor Dll4 expression. In this study, 61B was conjugated with the (64)Cu-chelator DOTA through lysine on the antibody. Human IgG (hIgG)-DOTA, which did not bind to Dll4, was also prepared as a control. The Dll4 binding activity of the probes was evaluated through the bead-based binding assay with Dll4-alkaline phosphatase. The resulting PET probes were evaluated in U87MG glioblastoma and HT29 colorectal cancer xenografts in athymic nude mice. Our results demonstrated that the 61B-DOTA retained (77.2 ± 3.7) % Dll4 binding activity of the unmodified 61B, which is significantly higher than that of hIgG-DOTA (0.06 ± 0.03) %. Confocal microscopy analysis confirmed that 61B-Cy5.5, but not IgG-Cy5.5, predominantly located within the U87MG and HT29 cells cytoplasm. U87MG cells showed higher 61B-Cy5.5 binding as compared to HT29 cells. In U87MG xenografts, 61B-DOTA-(64)Cu demonstrated remarkable tumor accumulation (10.5 ± 1.7 and 10.2 ± 1.2 %ID/g at 24 and 48 hour post injection, respectively). In HT29 xenografts, tumor accumulation of 61B-DOTA-(64)Cu was significantly lower than that of U87MG (7.3 ± 1.3 and 6.6 ± 1.3 %ID/g at 24 and 48 hour post injection, respectively). The tumor accumulation of 61B-DOTA-(64)Cu was significantly higher than that of hIgG-DOTA-(64)Cu in both xenografts models. Immunofluorescence staining of the tumor tissues further confirmed that tumor accumulation of 61B-Cy5.5 was correlated well with in vivo PET imaging data using 61B-DOTA-(64)Cu. In conclusion, 61B-DOTA-(64)Cu PET probe was successfully synthesized and demonstrated prominent tumor uptake by targeting Dll4. 61B-DOTA-(64)Cu has great potential to be used for noninvasive Dll4 imaging, which could be valuable for tumor detection, Dll4 expression level evaluation, and Dll4-based treatment monitoring.
BAXMC: a CEGAR approach to Max#SAT
Creators: name: Vigouroux, Thomas
name: Ene, Cristian
name: Monniaux, David
name: Mounier, Laurent
name: Potet, Marie-Laure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Max#SAT is an important problem with multiple applications in security and program synthesis that is proven hard to solve. It is defined as: given a parameterized quantifier-free propositional formula compute parameters such that the number of models of the formula is maximal. As an extension, the formula can include an existential prefix. We propose a CEGAR-based algorithm and refinements thereof, based on either exact or approximate model counting, and prove its correctness in both cases. Our experiments show that this algorithm has much better effective complexity than the state of the art.
description: FMCAD 2022, Oct 2022, Trente, Italy
Smart Polymeric Nanoparticles for Cancer Gene Delivery
Creators: name: Zhang, Hong
name: Lin, Guimei
name: Huang, Leaf
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The massive amount of human genetic information already available has accelerated the identification of target genes, making gene and nucleic acid therapy the next generation of medicine. Nanoparticle (NP)-based anticancer gene therapy treatment has received significant interest in this evolving field. Recent advances in vector technology have improved gene transfection efficiencies of nonviral vectors to a level similar to viruses. This review serves as an introduction to surface modifications of NPs based on polymeric structural improvements and target moieties. A discussion regarding the future perspective of multifunctional NPs in cancer therapy is also included.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 64 Cu-DOTA-NT-Cy5.5 as a Dual-Modality PET/Fluorescence Probe to Image Neurotensin Receptor-Positive Tumor
Creators: name: Li, Zibo
name: Wu, Zhanhong
name: Wang, Mengzhe
name: Deng, Huaifu
name: Wang, Hui
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Overexpression of neurotensin receptors (NTRs) has been suggested to play important roles in the growth and survival of a variety of tumor types. The aim of this study is to develop a dual-modality probe (64Cu -DOTA-NT-Cy5.5) for imaging NTR1 expression in vivo with both positron emission tomography (PET) and fluorescence. In this approach, the thiol group and N terminal amino group of neurotensin analogue (Cys-NT) were chemically modified with Cy5.5 dye and DOTA chelator, respectively. After radiolabeling with 64Cu, the resulting probe (64Cu-DOTA-NT-Cy5.5) was evaluated in NTR1 positive HT-29 tumor model. Small animal PET quantification analysis demonstrated that the tumor uptake was 1.91 ± 0.22 and 1.79 ± 0.16%ID/g at 1 and 4 h postinjection (p.i.), respectively. The tumor-to-muscle ratio was 17.44 ± 3.25 at 4 h p.i. based on biodistribution. Receptor specificity was confirmed by the successful blocking experiment at 4 h p.i. (0.42 ± 0.05%ID/g). In parallel with PET experiment, fluorescence imaging was also performed, which demonstrated prominent tumor uptake in HT-29 model. As a proof of concept, an imaging guided surgery was performed to the fluorescent moiety of this probe and could provide potential surgery guidance for NTR positive patients. In summary, our results clearly indicated that the dual-modality probe, 64Cu-DOTA-NT-Cy5.5, could serve as a promising agent to image NTR positive tumors in vivo.
title: Cultural violence and fragmentation on social media
Creators: name: Haunschild, Jasmin
name: Kaufhold, Marc-André
name: Reuter, Christian
Publisher: name: Routledge
Year: 2022

description: As a prime example of socio-technological transformation, social media services exert an enormous impact on modern culture. They are nowadays widely established for everyday life uses, but also during natural and man-made crises and political conflicts. For instance, Facebook was part of the Arabic Spring, facilitating the communication and interaction between participants of political protests. However, social media is not only used for good: Based on the notions of cultural violence and cultural peace, this chapter shows the potential for political fragmentation through social media, focusing on fake news and terrorism propaganda and their amplified dissemination through social bots. The chapter shows that regarding both the problematic aspects and the countermeasures, technology plays the role of an amplifier, enabling effects such as astroturfing and smoke screening, but also enhancing social bot detection. This chapter examines what these socio-technological transformations through social media imply in terms of legitimacy and trust.
Soft-Output Signal Detection for Cetacean Vocalizations Using Spectral Entropy, K-Means Clustering and the Continuous Wavelet Transform
Creators: name: Rademan, Marco W.
name: Versfeld, Daniel J.
name: Preez, Johan A. du
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60G35

description: Underwater acoustic monitoring systems record many hours of audio data for marine research, making fast and reliable non-causal signal detection paramount. Such detectors assist in reducing the amount of labor required for signal annotations, which often contain large portions devoid of signals. Cetacean vocalization detection based on spectral entropy is investigated as a means of vocalization discovery. Previous techniques using spectral entropy (SE) mostly consider time-frequency enhancement of the entropy measure, and utilize the STFT as its time-frequency (TF) decomposition. SE methods also requires the user to set a detection threshold manually, which call for knowledge of the produced entropy measures. This paper considers median filtering as a simple, effective way to provide temporal stabilization to the entropy measure, and considers the CWT as an alternative TF decomposition. K-means clustering is used to determine the threshold required to accurately separate the signal/no-signal entropy measures, resulting in a one-dimensional, two-class classification problem. The class means are used to perform pseudo-probabilistic soft class assignment, which is a useful metric in algorithmic development. The effect of median filtering, signal-to-noise ratio and the chosen TF decomposition are investigated. The proposed method shows a significant improvement in detection accuracy and specificity, while also providing a more interpretable detection threshold setting via soft class assignment.
description: 22 pages, 16 figures, preprint for Elsevier Ecological Informatics
A mathematical model of cocoa bean fermentation: Supplementary Material
Creators: name: Moreno-Zambrano, Mauricio
name: Grimbs, Sergio
name: Ullrich, Matthias S.
name: Marc-Thorsten Hütt
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Cocoa bean fermentation relies on the sequential activation of several microbial populations, triggering a temporal pattern of biochemical transformations. Understanding this complex process is of tremendous importance as it is known to form the precursors of the resulting chocolate’s flavour and taste. At the same time, cocoa bean fermentation is one of the least controlled processes in the food industry. Here, a quantitative model of cocoa bean fermentation is constructed based on available microbiological and biochemical knowledge. The model is formulated as a system of coupled ordinary differential equations with two distinct types of state variables: (i) Metabolite concentrations of glucose, fructose, ethanol, lactic acid and acetic acid and (ii) Population sizes of yeast, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria. We demonstrate that the model can quantitatively describe existing fermentation time series and that the estimated parameters, obtained by a Bayesian framework, can be used to extract and interpret differences in environmental conditions. The proposed model is a valuable tool towards a mechanistic understanding of this complex biochemical process, and can serve as a starting point for hypothesis testing of new systemic adjustments. In addition to providing the first quantitative mathematical model of cocoa bean fermentation, the purpose of our investigation is to show how differences in estimated parameter values for two experiments allow us to deduce differences in experimental conditions.
Deep NuSTAR and Swift Monitoring Observations of the Magnetar 1E 1841-045
Creators: name: An, Hongjun
name: Archibald, Robert F.
name: Hascoet, Romain
name: Kaspi, Victoria M.
name: Beloborodov, Andrei M.
name: Archibald, Anne M.
name: Beardmore, Andy
name: Boggs, Steven E.
name: Christensen, Finn E.
name: Craig, William W.
name: Gehrels, Niel
name: Hailey, Charles J.
name: Harrison, Fiona A.
name: Kennea, Jamie
name: Kouveliotou, Chryssa
name: Stern, Daniel
name: Younes, George
name: Zhang, William W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a 350-ks NuSTAR observation of the magnetar 1E 1841-045 taken in 2013 September. During the observation, NuSTAR detected six bursts of short duration, with $T_{90}<1$ s. An elevated level of emission tail is detected after the brightest burst, persisting for $\sim$1 ks. The emission showed a power-law decay with a temporal index of 0.5 before returning to the persistent emission level. The long observation also provided detailed phase-resolved spectra of the persistent X-ray emission of the source. By comparing the persistent spectrum with that previously reported, we find that the source hard-band emission has been stable over approximately 10 years. The persistent hard X-ray emission is well fitted by a coronal outflow model, where $e^{+/-}$ pairs in the magnetosphere upscatter thermal X-rays. Our fit of phase-resolved spectra allowed us to estimate the angle between the rotational and magnetic dipole axes of the magnetar, $α_{mag}=0.25$, the twisted magnetic flux, $2.5\times10^{26}\rm \ G\ cm^2$, and the power released in the twisted magnetosphere, $L_j=6\times10^{36}\rm \ erg\ s^{-1}$. Assuming this model for the hard X-ray spectrum, the soft X-ray component is well fit by a two-blackbody model, with the hotter blackbody consistent with the footprint of the twisted magnetic field lines on the star. We also report on the 3-year Swift monitoring observations obtained since 2011 July. The soft X-ray spectrum remained stable during this period, and the timing behavior was noisy, with large timing residuals.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ