cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Contour binning: a new technique for spatially-resolved X-ray spectroscopy applied to Cassiopeia A
Creators: name: Sanders, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new technique for choosing spatial regions for X-ray spectroscopy, called "contour binning". The method chooses regions by following contours on a smoothed image of the object. In addition we re-explore a simple method for adaptively smoothing X-ray images according to the local count rate, we term "accumulative smoothing", which is a generalisation of the method used by FADAPT. The algorithms are tested by applying them to a simulated cluster data set. We illustrate the techniques by using them on a 50 ks Chandra observation of the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant. Generated maps of the object showing abundances in eight different elements, absorbing column density, temperature, ionisation timescale and velocity are presented. Tests show that contour binning reproduces surface brightness considerably better than other methods. It is particularly suited to objects with detailed spatial structure such as supernova remnants and the cores of galaxy clusters, producing aesthetically pleasing results.
description: Accepted by MNRAS, 14 pages, colour, high quality and B&W versions available at http://www-xray.ast.cam.ac.uk/papers/contbin/
Neutrino emission due to Cooper-pair recombination in neutron stars revisited
Creators: name: Kolomeitsev, E. E.
name: Voskresensky, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrino emission in processes of breaking and formation of neutron and proton Cooper pairs is calculated within the Larkin-Migdal-Leggett approach for a superfluid Fermi liquid. We demonstrate explicitly that the Fermi-liquid renormalization respects the Ward identity and assures the weak vector current conservation. The systematic expansion of the emissivities for small temperatures and nucleon Fermi velocity, v_{F,i}, i=n,p, is performed. Both neutron and proton processes are mainly controlled by the axial-vector current contributions, which are not strongly changed in the superfluid matter. Thus, compared to earlier calculations the total emissivity of processes on neutrons paired in the 1S_0 state is suppressed by a factor ~(0.9-1.2) v_{F,n}^2. A similar suppression factor (~v_{F,p}^2) arises for processes on protons.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure
Effective field theory of magnon: Dynamics in chiral magnets and Schwinger mechanism
Creators: name: Hongo, Masaru
name: Fujimori, Toshiaki
name: Misumi, Tatsuhiro
name: Nitta, Muneto
name: Sakai, Norisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the effective field theoretical descriptions of spin systems in the presence of symmetry-breaking effects: the magnetic field, single-ion anisotropy, and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Starting from the lattice description of spin systems, we show that the symmetry-breaking terms corresponding to the above effects can be incorporated into the effective field theory as a combination of a background (or spurious) $\SO(3)$ gauge field and a scalar field in the symmetric tensor representation, which are eventually fixed at their physical values. We use the effective field theory to investigate mode spectra of inhomogeneous ground states, with focusing on one-dimensionally inhomogeneous states, such as helical and spiral states. Although the helical and spiral ground states share a common feature of supporting the gapless Nambu-Goldstone modes associated with the translational symmetry breaking, they have qualitatively different dispersion relations: isotropic in the helical phase while anisotropic in the spiral phase. We also discuss the magnon production induced by an inhomogeneous magnetic field, and find a formula akin to the Schwinger formula. Our formula for the magnon production gives a finite rate for antiferromagnets, and a vanishing rate for ferromagnets, whereas that for ferrimagnets interpolates between the two cases.
description: 45 pages, 8 figures
Higher angular momentum Kondo liquids
Creators: name: Ghaemi, Pouyan
name: Senthil, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conventional heavy Fermi liquid phases of Kondo lattices involve the formation of a "Kondo singlet" between the local moments and the conduction electrons. This Kondo singlet is usually taken to be in an internal s-wave angular momentum state. Here we explore the possibility of phases where the Kondo singlet has internal angular momentum that is d-wave. Such states are readily accessed in a slave boson mean field formulation, and are energetically favorable when the Kondo interaction is between a local moment and an electron at a nearest neighbor site. The properties of the d-wave Kondo liquid are studied. Effective mass and quasiparticle residue show large angle dependence on the Fermi surface. Remarkably in certain cases, the quasiparticle residue goes to zero at isolated points (in two dimensions) on the Fermi surface. The excitations at these points then include a free fractionalized spinon. We also point out the possibility of quantum Hall phenomena in two dimensional Kondo {\em insulators}, if the Kondo singlet has complex internal angular momentum. We suggest that such d-wave Kondo pairing may provide a useful route to thinking about correlated Fermi liquids with strong anisotropy along the Fermi surface.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Comparison of free energy methods for molecular systems
Creators: name: Ytreberg, F. Marty
name: Swendsen, Robert H.
name: Zuckerman, Daniel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed comparison of computational efficiency and precision for several free energy difference ($ΔF$) methods. The analysis includes both equilibrium and non-equilibrium approaches, and distinguishes between uni-directional and bi-directional methodologies. We are primarily interested in comparing two recently proposed approaches, adaptive integration and single-ensemble path sampling, to more established methodologies. As test cases, we study relative solvation free energies, of large changes to the size or charge of a Lennard-Jones particle in explicit water. The results show that, for the systems used in this study, both adaptive integration and path sampling offer unique advantages over the more traditional approaches. Specifically, adaptive integration is found to provide very precise long-simulation $ΔF$ estimates as compared to other methods used in this report, while also offering rapid estimation of $ΔF$. The results demonstrate that the adaptive integration approach is the best overall method for the systems studied here. The single-ensemble path sampling approach is found to be superior to ordinary Jarzynski averaging for the uni-directional, ``fast-growth'' non-equilibrium case. Closer examination of the path sampling approach on a two-dimensional system suggests it may be the overall method of choice when conformational sampling barriers are high. However, it appears that the free energy landscapes for the systems used in this study have rather modest configurational sampling barriers.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
The role of stereoscopic depth cues in place recognition
Creators: name: Halfmann, Marc
name: Mallot, Hanspeter A.
name: Prozmann, Viktoria
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: The recognition of places can be based on a variety of cues, such as landmark configuration or raw snapshot information (Gillner, et al., 2008). Here we address the question if place recognition is possible also with pure depth information. To test this we designed a virtual environment that is presented as a dynamic pattern of random dots with limited lifetime. A mirror stereoscope was used to ensure that participants could perceive a 3D impression from stereoscopic and motion parallax cues. Presenting a stimulus in this way, all other cues but depth information were excluded. Participants did a ‘return-to-cued-location’ task in two conditions (rich, textured environment vs. depth only, random dot). Results show, that place recognition based on depth information is possible, but subjects’ performance improved when more cues were available. A pre-test for participants’ stereo vision (no motion parallax) showed no correlation in performance with the main experiment. In a second study we therefore tested participants in a monocular condition with motion parallax as the only available depth cue. The results indicate that place recognition is still possible but performance is markedly reduced as compared to the stereo condition. Motion parallax seems to play only a minor role.
Tonal multiplicity in Schoenberg’s first string quartet, op.7
Creators: name: Cavanagh, Lynn Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study describes the integration of harmonic idiom and tonal design in Schoenberg's First Quartet, op. 7. Two general questions are answered: whether the composition should be judged by common-practice-period norms, and whether a coherent tonal structure is truly discernible. Chapter 1 first surveys the existing literature. It then describes a prime motivator of foreground chromaticism in the quartet—the chromatic surrounding of tonic and dominant pitches—and discusses two features of large-scale pitch organization applicable to Schoenberg's first-period music that contravene common-practice-period norms: tonal structure consisting of a pattern of keys, and systematic use of dual or even multiple tonics in place of monotonality. Examples illustrate three types of graphic representation of tonal duality to be used in the study. The next four chapters describe tonal process within and across the four "movements" of the quartet (Schoenberg's Parts I through IV). Chapter 2, which studies Part I, reveals systematic avoidance of V-I function in the opening key, D, tonal rivalries between D and each of its two semitone-related keys, and the beginning of a large-scale chromatic surrounding of the key of D. Chapter 3, on Part II of the quartet, demonstrates continuation of the rivalry between tonics D and Dt> by their use as competing secondary tonics within the Scherzo, and the harmonic progression VII-I replacing V-I at a crucial structural point. Chapter 4, on Part III of the quartet, describes tonal duality as it occurs in the Adagio, the furthering of the tonal plot in a section that engages in a "plagal" system of tonality, and the beginning of a large chromatic surrounding of A. Chapter 5 shows that Part IV eschews a simple relationship between the A-major tonic of the Rondo and the D-major tonic of the Coda by allowing the infiltration of elements of the Db-major collection. Chapter 6 summarizes the evidence contradicting a monotonal understanding of the composition and reviews evidence that the demonstrated multi-tonal coherence is part of the musical reality of the work.
The effect of simulated vision loss on walking paths
Creators: name: Dunn, Matt
name: Rushton, Simon
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Individuals with unilateral visual neglect have difficulties walking.  They tend to pass through doorways off-centre, and collide with objects on the neglected side.  Neglect is an attentional disorder associated with a reduced awareness of objects to one side of the body.  Hemianopia, a sensory deficit, often co-occurs with neglect.  In hemianopia there is a reduced awareness of objects to one side of fixation.  We simulated the perceptual effects of neglect and hemianopia and examined their contribution to walking difficulties. Twelve healthy volunteers wore a head-mounted display and walked through free-roaming virtual environments.  Trajectories were recorded as participants walked towards virtual targets located 7 m away in open, closed, empty and cluttered environments. Walking paths through empty space towards targets were unperturbed by simulated hemianopia or neglect.  When walking through cluttered spaces, participants occasionally collided with obstacles. We conclude that the restriction of seen space associated with neglect or hemianopia is not responsible for the major difficulties experienced by patients with neglect.
Electron microphysics at plasma-solid interfaces
Creators: name: Bronold, F. X.
name: Rasek, K.
name: Fehske, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most fundamental response of a solid to a plasma and vice versa is electric. An electric double layer forms with a solid-bound electron-rich region-the wall charge-and a plasma-bound electron-depleted region-the plasma sheath. But it is only the plasma sheath which has been studied extensively ever since the beginning of plasma physics. The wall charge received much less attention. Especially little is known about the in-operando electronic structure of plasma-facing solids and how it affects the spatio-temporal scales of the wall charge. The purpose of this perspective is to encourage investigations of this terra incognito by techniques of modern surface physics. Using our own theoretical explorations of the electron microphysics at plasma-solid interfaces and a proposal for measuring the wall charge by infrared reflectivity to couch the discussion, we hope to put together enough convincing reasons for getting such efforts started. They would open up-at the intersection of plasma and surface physics-a new arena for applied as well as fundamental research.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures
New "Bigs" in cosmology
Creators: name: Yurov, Artyom V.
name: Moruno, Prado Martin
name: Gonzalez-Diaz, Pedro F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper contains a detailed discussion on new cosmic solutions describing the early and late evolution of a universe that is filled with a kind of dark energy that may or may not satisfy the energy conditions. The main distinctive property of the resulting space-times is that they make to appear twice the single singular events predicted by the corresponding quintessential (phantom) models in a manner which can be made symmetric with respect to the origin of cosmic time. Thus, big bang and big rip singularity are shown to take place twice, one on the positive branch of time and the other on the negative one. We have also considered dark energy and phantom energy accretion onto black holes and wormholes in the context of these new cosmic solutions. It is seen that the space-times of these holes would then undergo swelling processes leading to big trip and big hole events taking place on distinct epochs along the evolution of the universe. In this way, the possibility is considered that the past and future be connected in a non-paradoxical manner in the universes described by means of the new symmetric solutions.
description: 7 figures, 13 pages, RevTeX
Breathy vs. clear wordlist and vowels (30 M)
Creators: name: Intanai, Thongwilai
name: Sidam, Narongsak
name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: kdt

description: Elicitation of breathy/clear minimal pairs interspersed with other words targeting various vowels. ThwIn in background. Recorder: Zoom H4n. Microphone: C544-L Headset Microphone.
Asymptotics of characters of symmetric groups related to Stanley character formula
Creators: name: Féray, Valentin
name: Sniady, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E10

description: We prove an upper bound for characters of the symmetric groups. Namely, we show that there exists a constant a>0 with a property that for every Young diagram λwith n boxes, r(λ) rows and c(λ) columns |Tr ρ^λ(π) / Tr ρ^λ(e)| < [a max(r(λ)/n, c(λ)/n,|π|/n) ]^{|π|}, where |π| is the minimal number of factors needed to write π\in S_n as a product of transpositions. We also give uniform estimates for the error term in the Vershik-Kerov's and Biane's character formulas and give a new formula for free cumulants of the transition measure.
description: Version 4: Change of title, shortened to 20 pages. Version 3: 24 pages, the title and the list of authors were changed. Version 2: 14 pages, the title, abstract and the main result were changed. Version 1: 10 pages (mistake in Lemma 7- which is false)
A study of postharvest moisture loss in carrots (Daucus carota L.) during short term storage
Creators: name: Shibairo, Solomon Igosangwa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Postharvest moisture loss leads to wilting of horticultural produce which shortens their shelf life and reduces their commercial value. Effects of preharvest water stress, potassium (K), cultivar, water vapour pressure deficit (WVPD) and recharging (rehydration in water) on postharvest moisture loss of carrots (Daucus carvta L.) during short term storage were studied. In greenhouse experiments, carrots subjected to water stress for 4.5 weeks preceding harvest had higher postharvest moisture loss, compared to unstressed carrots. Root water potential followed by relative solute leakage (RSL), accounted for most of the variation in moisture loss. It is suggested that preharvest water stress increases carrot tissue permeability which enhances moisture loss. Increase in K fertilization to 1.0 mM increased carrot size and lowered cell \\k and osmotic potentials (ip^ and RSL from the root tissue. Regression analysis showed that K affects moisture loss mainly by influencing carrot size and tissue permeability, and that the benefit of K fertilization in improving shelf life is limited to conditions of low K availability. Consistent differences in postharvest moisture loss among eight field-grown, late harvested carrot cultivars were observed at low relative humidity. These differences, which accounted for up to 6 days of difference in shelf life, were associated with specific surface area and transpiration coefficient of carrot roots. Carrots at high WVPD lost more moisture. The results showed carrot tissue permeability increases during storage at high WVPD which further enhances the rate of moisture loss. Increase in duration of recharging increased carrot weight gain but had no effect on the rate of moisture loss during subsequent storage. Weight gain was greatest during the first week after harvest. Recharging, therefore, should be explored as a means to replace moisture lost and extend shelf life of carrots. The effects of preharvest water stress, nutrition and cultivar on specific surface area, \j4 and tissue permeability were found to be important in determining the shelf life of carrots, It may be possible to improve the shelf life by reducing preharvest water stress, K fertilization, cultivar selection, storage at high relative humidity, and recharging.
Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with TNG. The old open clusters Collinder 350, Gulliver 51, NGC 7044, and Ruprecht 171
Creators: name: Casali, G.
name: Magrini, L.
name: Frasca, A.
name: Bragaglia, A.
name: Catanzaro, G.
name: D'Orazi, V.
name: Sordo, R.
name: Carretta, E.
name: Origlia, L.
name: Andreuzzi, G.
name: Fu, X.
name: Vallenari, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of the Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) project, we present new observations and spectral analysis of four sparsely studied open clusters, namely Collinder 350, Gulliver 51, NGC 7044, and Ruprecht 171. We exploit the HARPS-N spectrograph at the TNG telescope to acquire high-resolution optical spectra for 15 member stars of four clusters. We derive stellar parameters using both the EW analysis and the spectral fitting technique. We compute elemental abundances for light, a-, iron-peak, and n-capture elements using the EW measurement approach. We investigate the origin of the correlation between metallicity and stellar parameters derived with the EW method for the coolest stars of the sample (Teff < 4300 K). The correlation is likely due to the challenging continuum setting and to a general inaccuracy of model atmospheres used to reproduce the conditions of very cool giant stars. We locate the properties of our clusters in the radial distributions of metallicity and abundance ratios, comparing our results with clusters from the Gaia-ESO and APOGEE surveys. We present the [X/Fe]-[Fe/H] and [X/Fe]-Rgc trends for elements in common between the two surveys and derive the C and Li abundances as a function of the evolutionary phase and compare them with theoretical models. The SPA survey allows us to fully characterise the chemistry of nearby clusters. With a single set of spectra, we provide chemical abundances for some chemical elements, which are comparable to those obtained in two of the largest surveys combined. The metallicities and abundance ratios of our clusters fit very well in the radial distributions defined by the recent literature, reinforcing the importance of star clusters to outline the spatial distribution of abundances in our Galaxy. Moreover, the abundances of C and Li agree with evolutionary prescriptions for their masses and metallicities.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, Accepted by A&A
Polarized QED splittings of massive fermions and dipole subtraction for non-collinear-safe observables
Creators: name: Dittmaier, Stefan
name: Kabelschacht, Alois
name: Kasprzik, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Building on earlier work, the dipole subtraction formalism for photonic corrections is extended to various photon--fermion splittings where the resulting collinear singularities lead to corrections that are enhanced by logarithms of small fermion masses. The difference to the earlier treatment of photon radiation is that now no cancellation of final-state singularities is assumed, i.e. we allow for non-collinear-safe final-state radiation. Moreover, we consider collinear fermion production from incoming photons, forward-scattering of incoming fermions, and collinearly produced fermion-antifermion pairs. For all cases we also provide the corresponding formulas for the phase-space slicing approach, and particle polarization is supported for all relevant situations. A comparison of numerical results obtained with the proposed subtraction procedure and the slicing method is explicitly performed for the sample process e- gamma -> e- mu- mu+.
description: 44 pages, latex
Constraints on Metric-Palatini Gravity from QPO Data
Creators: name: Ghorani, Elham
name: Mitra, Samik
name: Rayimbaev, Javlon
name: Puliçe, Beyhan
name: Atamurotov, Farruh
name: Abdujabbarov, Ahmadjon
name: Demir, Durmuş
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study metric-Palatini gravity extended by the antisymmetric part of the affine curvature. This gravity theory leads to general relativity plus a geometric Proca field. Using our previous construction of its static spherically-symmetric AdS solution [Eur. Phys. J. C83 (2023) 4, 318], we perform a detailed analysis in this work using the observational quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) data. To this end, we use the latest data from stellar-mass black hole GRO J1655-40, intermediate-mass black hole in M82-X1, and the super-massive black hole in SgA* (our Milky Way) and perform a Monte-Carlo-Markov-Chain (MCMC) analysis to determine or bound the model parameters. Our results shed light on the allowed ranges of the Proca mass and other parameters. The results imply that our solutions can cover all three astrophysical black holes. Our analysis can also be extended to more general metric-affine gravity theories.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in European Physical Journal C. Dedicated to Durmu\c{s} Demir (1967-2024), our supervisor and candid friend
CUDA-based focused Gaussian beams second-harmonic generation efficiency calculator
Creators: name: Sanchez, A. D.
name: Kumar, S. Chaitanya
name: Ebrahim-Zadeh, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an object-oriented programming (OOP) CUDA-based package for fast and accurate simulation of second-harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency using focused Gaussian beams. The model includes linear as well as two-photon absorption that can ultimately lead to thermal lensing due to self-heating effects. Our approach speeds up calculations by nearly 40x (11x) without (with) temperature profiles with respect to an equivalent implementation using CPU. The package offers a valuable tool for experimental design and study of 3D field propagation in nonlinear three-wave interactions. It is useful for optimization of SHG-based experiments and mitigates undesired thermal effects, enabling improved oven designs and advanced device architectures, leading to stable, efficient high-power SHG.
Automatic test system of the back-end card for the JUNO experiment
Creators: name: Clerbaux, Barbara
name: Hang, Shuang
name: Petitjean, Pierre-Alexandre
name: Wang, Peng
name: Yang, Yifan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a medium-baseline neutrino experiment under construction in China, with the goal to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy. The JUNO electronics readout system consists of an underwater front-end electronics system and an outside-water back-end electronics system. These two parts are connected by 100-meter Ethernet cables and power cables. The back-end card (BEC) is the part of the JUNO electronics readout system used to link the underwater boxes to the trigger system is connected to transmit the system clock and triggered signals. Each BEC is connected to 48 underwater boxes, and in total around 150 BECs are needed. It is essential to verify the physical layer links before applying real connection with the underwater system. Therefore, our goal is to build an automatic test system to check the physical link performance. The test system is based on a custom designed FPGA board, in order to make the design general, only JTAG is used as the interface to the PC. The system can generate and check different data pattern at different speeds for 96 channels simultaneously. The test results of 1024 continuously clock cycles are automatically uploaded to PC periodically. We describe the setup of the automatic test system of the BEC and present the latest test results.
Precise constraints on the dark matter content of Milky Way dwarf galaxies for gamma-ray experiments
Creators: name: Strigari, Louis E.
name: Koushiappas, Savvas M.
name: Bullock, James S.
name: Kaplinghat, Manoj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the prospects for detecting gamma-rays from dark matter annihilation in the six most promising dwarf spheroidal (dSph) satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. We use recently-measured velocity dispersion profiles to provide a systematic investigation of the dark matter mass distribution of each galaxy, and show that the uncertainty in the gamma-ray flux from mass modeling is less than a factor of ~ 5 for each dSph if we assume a smooth NFW profile. We show that Ursa Minor and Draco are the most promising dSphs for gamma-ray detection with GLAST and other planned observatories. For each dSph, we investigate the flux enhancement resulting from halo substructure, and show that the enhancement factor relative to a smooth halo flux cannot be greater than about 100. This enhancement depends very weakly on the lower mass cut-off scale of the substructure mass function. While the amplitude of the expected flux from each dSph depends sensitively on the dark matter model, we show that the flux ratios between the six Sphs are known to within a factor of about 10. The flux ratios are also relatively insensitive to the current theoretical range of cold dark matter halo central slopes and substructure fractions.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
A machine learning approach for efficient multi-dimensional integration
Creators: name: Yoon, Boram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a novel multi-dimensional integration algorithm using a machine learning (ML) technique. After training a ML regression model to mimic a target integrand, the regression model is used to evaluate an approximation of the integral. Then, the difference between the approximation and the true answer is calculated to correct the bias in the approximation of the integral induced by a ML prediction error. Because of the bias correction, the final estimate of the integral is unbiased and has a statistically correct error estimation. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated on six different types of integrands at various dimensions and integrand difficulties. The results show that, for the same total number of integrand evaluations, the new algorithm provides integral estimates with more than an order of magnitude smaller uncertainties than those of the VEGAS algorithm in most of the test cases.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure
Regional Attention Network (RAN) for Head Pose and Fine-grained Gesture Recognition
Creators: name: Behera, Ardhendu
name: Wharton, Zachary
name: Ghahremani, Morteza
name: Kumar, Swagat
name: Bessis, Nik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Affect is often expressed via non-verbal body language such as actions/gestures, which are vital indicators for human behaviors. Recent studies on recognition of fine-grained actions/gestures in monocular images have mainly focused on modeling spatial configuration of body parts representing body pose, human-objects interactions and variations in local appearance. The results show that this is a brittle approach since it relies on accurate body parts/objects detection. In this work, we argue that there exist local discriminative semantic regions, whose "informativeness" can be evaluated by the attention mechanism for inferring fine-grained gestures/actions. To this end, we propose a novel end-to-end \textbf{Regional Attention Network (RAN)}, which is a fully Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to combine multiple contextual regions through attention mechanism, focusing on parts of the images that are most relevant to a given task. Our regions consist of one or more consecutive cells and are adapted from the strategies used in computing HOG (Histogram of Oriented Gradient) descriptor. The model is extensively evaluated on ten datasets belonging to 3 different scenarios: 1) head pose recognition, 2) drivers state recognition, and 3) human action and facial expression recognition. The proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art by a considerable margin in different metrics.
description: This manuscript is the accepted version of the published paper in IEEE Transaction on Affective Computing
A direct electrophysiological demonstration of object based sensory processing
Creators: name: Ossandón, José
name: Kietzmann, Tim C
name: Timm, Silja
name: König, Peter
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: INTRODUCTION:
Evidence for sensory processing in an object-based frame of reference has previously only been indirectly demonstrated, through object-based attentional deficits in the neglect syndrome. As a result, no direct physiological evidence exists of sensory processing differentiating, for instance, the left and right parts of an object in a non-retinotopic object-based coordinate system. In the present study we investigate electroencephalographic correlates of different coding schemes in 27 healthy participants. To differentiate cortical responses to the left and right side of faces, independently of retinotopic position, a steady-state paradigm was employed, tagging the two face-halves with distinct frequencies.
METHODS:
On each trial one out of two faces was presented in 1 of 7 different positions around the center of the screen. In each 10 s trial, each side of the face was presented at a different tagging frequency (5 or 6 Hz). Position and tagging frequency were randomized such that on different trials left and right hemifaces were presented at the same position and tagging frequency. 26 subjects participated in the EEG experiment. They were required to mantain fixation on the middle of the screen and to report a sudden change of face identity (trials not used in the analysis). Frequency tagging of visual input resulted in narrow EEG spectral responses at the corresponding frequencies, harmonics and inter- modulation frequencies. Three main factors were modeled for each subject and sensor using a GLM: Face Side (2 levels), Frequency (2) and Position (5). To test for significance at the group level while controlling for multiple comparisons, a cluster statistic was used.
RESULTS:
The linear model explains a substantial proportion of the variance across trials at 5 and 6 Hz, specially at posterior electrodes.Model factor Position results in significant modulation of tagging response, resulting in partially lateralized responses. Importantly, the factor Face Side resulted in an independent significant modulation: a lateralized cluster of response to the left hemisphere for the right side of the face and to both hemisphere for the left side. Preliminary bivariate analysis demonstrates increased coherence between left electrode pairs for the right side of the face and for right electrode pairs for the left side of the face.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results provide the first direct evidence of an object-based refer- ence frame in healthy humans, specifically encoding the left and right side of n upright face, independently of retinotopic coordinates.
The observed effects could possibly be mediated by increased with- in-frequency coherence between lateralized electrodes pairs.
Two simple sufficient conditions for FDR control
Creators: name: Blanchard, Gilles
name: Roquain, Etienne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62J15, 62G10

description: We show that the control of the false discovery rate (FDR) for a multiple testing procedure is implied by two coupled simple sufficient conditions. The first one, which we call ``self-consistency condition'', concerns the algorithm itself, and the second, called ``dependency control condition'' is related to the dependency assumptions on the $p$-value family. Many standard multiple testing procedures are self-consistent (e.g. step-up, step-down or step-up-down procedures), and we prove that the dependency control condition can be fulfilled when choosing correspondingly appropriate rejection functions, in three classical types of dependency: independence, positive dependency (PRDS) and unspecified dependency. As a consequence, we recover earlier results through simple and unifying proofs while extending their scope to several regards: weighted FDR, $p$-value reweighting, new family of step-up procedures under unspecified $p$-value dependency and adaptive step-up procedures. We give additional examples of other possible applications. This framework also allows for defining and studying FDR control for multiple testing procedures over a continuous, uncountable space of hypotheses.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-EJS180 the Electronic Journal of Statistics (http://www.i-journals.org/ejs/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Misaligned Twin Molecular Outflows From Class-0 Proto-stellar Binary System VLA 1623A Unveiled by ALMA
Creators: name: Hara, Chihomi
name: Kawabe, Ryohei
name: Nakamura, Fumitaka
name: Hirano, Naomi
name: Takakuwa, Shigehisa
name: Shimajiri, Yoshito
name: Kamazaki, Takeshi
name: Di Francesco, James
name: Machida, Masahiro N.
name: Tamura, Motohide
name: Saigo, Kazuya
name: Matsumoto, Tomoaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of ALMA observations toward the low-mass Class-0 binary system, VLA 1623Aab in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud in $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO, and C$^{18}$O(2--1) lines. Our $^{12}$CO ($J$=2--1) data reveal that the VLA 1623 outflow consists of twin spatially overlapped outflows/jets. The redshifted northwestern jet exhibits the three cycles of wiggle with a spatial period of 1360$\pm$10 au, corresponding to a time period of 180 yr. The wiggle-like structure is also found in the position-velocity (PV) diagram, showing an amplitude in velocity of about 0.9 km s$^{-1}$. Both the period and the velocity amplitude of the wiggle are roughly consistent with those expected from the binary parameters, i.e., the orbital period (460$\pm$20 yr) and the Keplerian velocity (2.2 km s$^{-1}$). Our $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O images reveal the nature of the dense gas in the two cm/mm sources, VLA 1623-B and -W, and its relation to the outflows, and strongly support the previous interpretation that both are shocked cloudlets. The driving sources of the twin molecular outflows are, therefore, likely to be within the VLA 1623Aab binary. The axes of the two molecular outflows are estimated to be inclined by 70$\arcdeg$ from each other across the plane of sky, implying that the associated protostellar disks are also misaligned by $70\arcdeg$. Such a misalignment, together with a small binary separation of 34 au in the one of the youngest protobinary systems known, is difficult to explain by models of disk fragmentation in quiescent environments. Instead, other effects such as turbulence probably play roles in misaligning the disks.
description: 52 pages, accepted by ApJ
Roadmaps to Nowhere?
Creators: name: Etches, Phillip William
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Iraq
Insurgency
Naji
al-Suri
Jihadism

description: This paper seeks to determine the extent to which the al-Qa’ida in Iraq (AQI) and Islamic State (IS) insurgencies were influenced by—respectively—Abu Mus’ab al-Suri and Abu Bakr Naji’s strategic thought, and why the extent of that influence may have ultimately been limited. This is relevant for scholars of strategic studies because these strategic thinkers’ influence upon those insurgencies is an assumption within some academic and journalistic works which has thus far gone untested. To address this, the paper takes a comparative historical approach, measuring al-Suri and Naji’s strategic thought—as expressed in their principal written works—and the AQI and IS insurgencies according to a single analytical framework of organisational, operational, and lifecycle stage phenomena, and then using the results to compare strategic thought with insurgent practice. It then establishes whether externally-ascertainable issues can account for variance identified between strategic thought and insurgent practice. This approach yields two findings. First, AQI and IS’s insurgencies were ultimately conducted in a manner mostly at variance with al-Suri and Naji’s strategic thought, and second, such variance appeared resultant from insurgencies’ limited capacity to operate at increased scale, the tendency of jihadi insurgent organisations towards inflexibility and insularity, and the impact which the operational environment can have upon insurgencies. These findings support a conclusion that the influence of al-Suri and Naji’s strategic thought upon AQI and IS’s insurgencies was significantly limited, due apparently to externally-recognisable issues affecting jihadi insurgent organisations’ behaviour.
The effect of 2-D and 3-D configuration on depth magnitude percepts from disparity
Creators: name: Wilcox, Laurie
name: Deas, Lesley
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Here, we systematically evaluate the impact of specific 2-D contextual properties including connectedness, collinearity, and proximity to understand their role in this phenomenon. Concurrently, we assessed their interaction with a new stereoscopic grouping principle ‘good stereoscopic continuation’. We used closed rectangular stimuli and systematically varied 2-D and 3-D contextual cues. In all conditions, observers estimated the amount of depth between the vertical edges of the rectangle viewed in a stereoscope. Our results show that the dramatic effects of closure on perceived depth do not require that the lines are physically connected, but critically depend on the degree of collinearity and location of the horizontal connector. Both collinearity and corners (L-junctions) are necessary to create the percept of a closed object, and reduce depth estimates. Importantly, these effects critically depend on the presence of good stereoscopic continuation (a 3-D grouping cue). Taken together, our results highlight the often-neglected role of stereoscopic depth in the perception of object form.
Extreme gas kinematics in the z=2.2 powerful radio galaxy MRC1138-262: Evidence for efficient AGN feedback in the early Universe?
Creators: name: Nesvadba, N. P. H.
name: Lehnert, M. D.
name: Eisenhauer, F.
name: Gilbert, A.
name: Tecza, M.
name: Abuter, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To explain the properties of the most massive low-redshift galaxies and the shape of their mass function, recent models of galaxy evolution include strong AGN feedback to complement starburst-driven feedback in massive galaxies. Using the near-infrared integral-field spectrograph SPIFFI on the VLT, we searched for direct evidence for such a feedback in the optical emission line gas around the z=2.16 powerful radio galaxy MRC1138-262, likely a massive galaxy in formation. The kpc-scale kinematics, with FWHMs and relative velocities <= 2400 km/s and nearly spherical spatial distribution, do not resemble large-scale gravitational motion or starburst-driven winds. Order-of-magnitude timescale and energy arguments favor the AGN as the only plausible candidate to accelerate the gas, with a total energy injection of a few x 10^60 ergs or more, necessary to power the outflow, and relatively efficient coupling between radio jet and ISM. Observed outflow properties are in gross agreement with the models, and suggest that AGN winds might have a similar, or perhaps larger, cosmological significance than starburst-driven winds, if MRC1138-262 is indeed archetypal. Moreover, the outflow has the potential to remove significant gas fractions (<= 50%) from a >L* galaxy within a few 10 to 100 Myrs, fast enough to preserve the observed [alpha/Fe] overabundance in massive galaxies at low redshift. Using simple arguments, it appears that feedback like that observed in MRC1138-262 may have sufficient energy to inhibit material from infalling into the dark matter halo and thus regulate galaxy growth as required in some recent models of hierarchical structure formation.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Reconstructing seawater carbonate chemistry using foraminiferal B/Ca
Creators: name: Dai, Yuhao
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Palaeoceanography AND Paleoceanography
foraminifera
B/Ca
Mg/Ca
carbon cycle
Southern Ocean

description: Planktonic B/Ca holds promise of reconstructing the surface seawater carbonate chemistry, which is linked to the past levels of atmospheric partial pressure of CO2. However, it is still not clear to what extent the carbonate chemistry control on planktonic B/Ca is complicated by physiological activities of foraminifera. In this thesis, the environmental controls on B/Ca in two planktonic foraminiferal species, Globigerinoides ruber (white) and Globigerinoides sacculifer (without final sac-like chamber), are examined using core-top samples from the Atlantic Ocean. For an accurate estimation of the ambient calcification environments, the calcification depths and seasonality of the studied species at these core-top locations are determined by planktonic Mg/Ca. The dissolution effect on B/Ca, which is evident from planktonic B/Ca data from three depth transects, proves to have little impact on the interpretation of planktonic B/Ca data from the Atlantic core-tops. While the carbonate chemistry control on planktonic B/Ca can be detected from these core-top data, a strong calcification rate control on planktonic B/Ca is demonstrated by the correlation between B/Ca and Sr/Ca, where Sr/Ca is employed as an indicator of the calcification rate. This calcification rate control on planktonic B/Ca complicates the direct link between planktonic B/Ca and seawater carbonate chemistry. Nevertheless, based on the different responses of B/Ca in the two studied species to the calcification rate, it is possible that B/Ca in some species are less susceptible to this influence, and thus can be employed for carbonate chemistry reconstructions. Benthic B/Ca is a recently developed quantitative proxy for deepwater carbonate ion concentration ([CO32-]). In this thesis, deepwater [CO32-] variations during the last 150 thousand years are reconstructed using two cores from the deep Southwestern Pacific, a critical but not fully investigated region to regulate the carbon inventory in the deep ocean. Since Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5a, the deep the SW Pacific [CO32-] varied in concert with benthic carbon isotopes (δ13Cb). These covariations, on the timescale of ~10 kyr, are similar to those observed in the deep Atlantic. This suggests that the deep SW Pacific [CO32-] could be affected by changes in the Atlantic Overturning Circulation and the biological pump. However, the deep SW Pacific [CO32-] showed little change during Termination II (T II), despite that variations of δ13Cb, neodymium isotopes (εNd), and foraminifer-bound nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) were similar to those during Termination I (T I). This difference is interpreted as the result of coral reef regrowth on continental shelves, which decreased the whole ocean [CO32-] and counteracted the [CO32-] increase due to the influences from Atlantic Overturning Circulation and the biological pump changes during T II.
Breakfast with host family
Creators: name: Intanai, Thongwilai
name: Thawichart, Samrij
name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: kdt

description: Conversation over breakfast with host family. Recorder: Zoom H4n. Microphone: internal.