cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Accuracy of Bayes and Logistic Regression Subscale Probabilities for Educational and Certification Tests
Creators: name: Rudner, Lawrence
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2016

description: In the machine learning literature, it is commonly accepted as fact that as calibration sample sizes increase, NaÃ¯ve Bayes classifiers initially outperform Logistic Regression classifiers in terms of classification accuracy. Applied to subtests from an on-line final examination and from a highly regarded certification examination, this study shows that the conclusion also applies to the probabilities estimated from short subtests of mental abilities and that small samples can yield excellent accuracy. The calculated Bayes probabilities can be used to provide meaningful examinee feedback regardless of whether the test was originally designed to be unidimensional. Accessed 2,759 times on https://pareonline.net from July 26, 2016 to December 31, 2019. For downloads from January 1, 2020 forward, please click on the PlumX Metrics link to the right.
Spin transport of indirect excitons
Creators: name: Leonard, J. R.
name: Kuznetsova, Y.
name: Yang, Sen
name: Butov, L. V.
name: Ostatnický, T.
name: Kavokin, A.
name: Gossard, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin transport of indirect excitons in GaAs/AlGaAs coupled quantum wells was observed by measuring the spatially resolved circular polarization of exciton emission. Exciton spin transport over several microns originates from a long spin relaxation time and long lifetime of indirect excitons.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Electron spin resonance of electrolytically generated nitro- and cyano anion radicals.
Creators: name: Fischer, Peter Hans Herman
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The radical anions of 1,2-dinitrobenzene, 1,3-dinitro-benzene, 1,3-dinitrobenzene-d₄, 1,4-dinitronaphthalene, 1,5-dinitronaphthalene, 1,8-dinitronaphthalene, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, 2,2', 4,4',6,6'-hexanitrobiphenyl, 1,2-dicyanobenzene, 1,4-dicyanobenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene, and 7,7',8,8'-tetracyanoquinodi-methane have been generated by electrochemical means, and the electron spin resonance spectra recorded. The spectra have been analyzed completely in terms of the various coupling constants consistent with the symmetry of the paramagnetic species. In the isomeric dinitrobenzenes, evidence is presented which indicates that the spin density at the N¹⁴ nuclei is positive. A very large anomaly in the ESR spectrum of 1,3-dinitrobenzene radical anion is explained by assumption of rotational isomerism. A relation is presented, expressing the nitrogen coupling constants of the nitro group N¹⁴ nuclei in terms of the spin density distribution of the radical anion, calculated by the simple Huckel M.O. method. Anomalous behaviour of the 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene system is explained in terms of an electron-donor-acceptor complex between radical anion and neutral molecule. The results obtained for the cyanoaromatic anions have been compared with those of Fraenkel et al. with the exception of 7,7',8,8'-tetracyanoquinodimethane anion radical, for which a more detailed discussion is presented. C¹³ splittings have been calculated theoretically and found to agree reasonably well with experimentally determined values. For the TCNQ¯ species, evidence is also present which indicates a positive spin density at the N¹⁴ nuclei.
Additional file 2 of Trend in cancer incidence in Mato Grosso and its health regions, Brazil, 2001–2018
Creators: name: das Neves, Marco Aurélio Bertúlio
name: Galvão, Noemi Dreyer
name: de Lima, Fernanda Cristina da Silva
name: Oliveria, Júlio Fernando Pinto
name: Xavier, Sancho Pedro
name: da Silva, Kátia Moreira
name: Almeida, Ádila de Queiroz Neves
name: da Silva, Ageo Mário Cândido
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 2
Mass Transport Through Freestanding Carbon Nanomembranes
Creators: name: Yang, Yang
Publisher: name: Universität Bielefeld
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 530

description: Membrane separation provides an energy-efficient technology for molecular separation. Conventional filtration systems are constrained by a trade-off between permeance and selectivity that results from broad pore size distribution. Recent developments on nanotechnology have demonstrated the potential to overcome this limitation by utilizing well-defined nanoconduits that allow a coordinated passage of water molecules. Fabrication of these materials is still very challenging, but their performance inspires research toward nanofabricated membranes. Carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) are a special class of 2D materials made by crosslinking of self-assembled monolayers. This work will present the rapid and selective water permeation through a ~1.2 nm thin CNM fabricated from terphenylthiol (TPT) precursors. Molecular transport through TPT CNMs is investigated by mass-loss measurements and gas permeation in vacuum system. TPT CNMs block the passage of most gases and liquids, while permitting water and helium to pass through. In particular, water transits with a remarkably high permeance of ~1.1×10−4 mol·m−2·s−1·Pa−1, 2,500 times faster than helium. Scanning probe microscopy reveals that the membrane consists of sub-nanometer channels with a high areal density of 1018 m−2. Assuming all channels in a TPT CNM are active in mass transport, we find a single-channel permeation of ∼66 water molecules·s−1·Pa−1. This suggests that water molecules translocate fast and cooperatively through the sub-nanometer channels, similar to carbon nanotubes and membrane proteins (aquaporins). Furthermore, ion transport across these membranes are investigated by conductance measurements using both DC and AC methods. The results show that freestanding TPT CNMs act as ionic insulators, preventing the penetration of ionic species including protons. The specific membrane resistance reaches ~104 Ω·cm2, comparable to the typical high resistance of planar lipid bilayers. The single-channel conductance yields 2×10−18 S in 1 M KCl solution, ~107 lower than that of biological porins. This again confirms the existing of sub-nm channels within TPT CNMs. Unlike other nanostructured membranes, CNMs are built in a versatile and scalable fabrication process, thus these 2D sieves will inspire the development of various advanced filtration systems that require highly efficient and precise separations.
Accretion Discs in Blazars
Creators: name: Jolley, E. J. D.
name: Kuncic, Z.
name: Bicknell, G. V.
name: Wagner, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The characteristic properties of blazars (rapid variability, strong polarization, high brightness) are widely attributed to a powerful relativistic jet oriented close to our line of sight. Despite the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) being strongly jet-dominated, a "big blue bump" has been recently detected in sources known as flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs). These new data provide a unique opportunity to observationally test coupled jet-disc accretion models in these extreme sources. In particular, as energy and angular momentum can be extracted by a jet magnetically coupled to the accretion disc, the thermal disc emission spectrum may be modified from that predicted by the standard model for disc accretion. We compare the theoretically predicted jet-modified accretion disc spectra against the new observations of the "big blue bump" in FSRQs. We find mass accretion rates that are higher, typically by a factor of two, than predicted by standard accretion disc theory. Furthermore, our results predict that the high redshift blazars PKS 0836+710, PKS 2149-307, B2 0743+25 and PKS 0537-286 may be predominantly powered by a low or moderate spin (a < 0.6) black hole with high mass accretion rates mdot_a ~ 50 - 200 msol/yr, while 3C 273 harbours a rapidly spinning black hole (a = 0.97) with mdot_a ~ 20 msol/yr. We also find that the black hole masses in these high redshift sources must be > 5 * 10^9 msol.
description: Accepted for publication (17 August 2009) in MNRAS
title: Investigating Causal DIF via Propensity Score Methods
Creators: name: Liu, Y.
name: Zumbo, B.
name: Gustafson, P.
name: Huang, Y.
name: Kroc, E.
name: Wu, A.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2016

description: A variety of differential item functioning (DIF) methods have been proposed and used for ensuring that a test is fair to all test takers in a target population in the situations of, for example, a test being translated to other languages. However, once a method flags an item as DIF, it is difficult to conclude that the grouping variable (e.g., test language) is responsible for the DIF result because there may exist many confounding variables that lead to the DIF result. The present study aims to (i) demonstrate the application of propensity score methods in psychometric research on DIF for day-to-day researchers, and (ii) describe conditional logistic regression for matched data in a DIF context. Propensity score methods can help to achieve the comparability between different populations or groups with respect to participantsâ€™ pre-test differences, which can assist in examining the validity of making a causal claim with regard to DIF. Accessed 3,183 times on https://pareonline.net from December 20, 2016 to December 31, 2019. For downloads from January 1, 2020 forward, please click on the PlumX Metrics link to the right.
Mushroom Body Extrinsic Neurons in Walking Bumblebees Correlate With Behavioral States but Not With Spatial Parameters During Exploratory Behavior
Creators: name: Jin, Nanxiang
name: Paffhausen, Benjamin H.
name: Duer, Aron
name: Menzel, Randolf
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: bumblebee
subject: mushroom body extrinsic neurons
subject: behavioral states
subject: exploratory behavior
subject: artificial arena environment
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Central place foraging insects like honeybees and bumblebees learn to navigate efficiently between nest and feeding site. Essential components of this behavior can be moved to the laboratory. A major component of navigational learning is the active exploration of the test arena. These conditions have been used here to search for neural correlates of exploratory walking in the central arena (ground), and thigmotactic walking in the periphery (slope). We chose mushroom body extrinsic neurons (MBENs) because of their learning-related plasticity and their multi-modal sensitivities that may code relevant parameters in a brain state-dependent way. Our aim was to test whether MBENs code space-related components or are more involved in state-dependent processes characterizing exploration and thigmotaxis. MBENs did not respond selectively to body directions or locations. Their spiking activity differently correlated with walking speed depending on the animals’ locations: on the ground, reflecting exploration, or on the slope, reflecting thigmotaxis. This effect depended on walking speed in different ways for different animals. We then asked whether these effects depended on spatial parameters or on the two states, exploration and thigmotaxis. Significant epochs of stable changes in spiking did not correlate with restricted locations in the arena, body direction, or walking transitions between ground and slope. We thus conclude that the walking speed dependencies are caused by the two states, exploration and thigmotaxis, rather than by spatial parameters.
The impact of south asian ethnicity on inflammatory bowel disease epidemiology and insights into pathogenesis through microbial and metabolic profiling
Creators: name: Misra, Ravi
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: The inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic autoimmune diseases associated with significant co-morbidity. Previous epidemiological studies have shown differences in incidence and phenotype of IBD between South Asian (SA) migrants and Caucasians however the reasons for this observation remain unclear. This thesis aimed to re-examine the incidence, phenotype and disease behaviour of IBD and describe the microbial and metabolic profile of SA and Caucasians with Ulcerative colitis (UC). A systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated a higher incidence of UC and pan-colonic phenotype in SAs compared to Caucasians. A comparison between ethnic groups of colectomy rates for refractory UC demonstrated the Indian ethnic group had a significantly higher colectomy rate versus the White European and Pakistani groups (9.8%, 6.9% and 6.3% respectively). A multicentre prospective cohort identified 339 incident cases. The age adjusted incidence of IBD and UC were significantly higher in the Indian group (25.2.100,000 and 20.5/100,000) compared to White European (14.9/100,000, p=0.009 and 8.2/100,000, p<0.001) and Pakistani groups (14.9/100,000, p=0.001 and 11.2/100,000, p=0.007). A pilot study of newly diagnosed patients with UC was performed. 16S rRNA, urinary 1HNMR and mass spectroscopy (hydrophobic liquid chromatography and bile acid assays) techniques were employed to create microbial and metabolic profiles for comparison between SA and Caucasians with UC. Dietary assessment revealed no significant differences in macronutrient or micronutrient dietary intake. Significant metataxonomic differences at the phylum [higher relative abundance of Firmicutes (p=3.0x10-3) and Bacteroidetes (p=7.9x10-3) in Caucasians], family [higher relative abundance Bifidobacteriaceae (p=0.018), Streptococcaceae (p=0.03) and Veillonellaceae (p=0.035) in SA] and genus level [higher relative abundance of Ruminococcus (p=0.025) and Lachnospiraceae p=0.043) in Caucasians] were demonstrated. The relative concentration of urinary metabolites associated with gut microbial activity were significantly lower in SAs (hippurate and 4-cresol sulfate, p<0.001). Untargeted liquid chromatography analysis of faecal samples showed significant overall differences in metabolite profile HILIC (R2X 0.129, R2Y 0.8, Q2Y 0.596, p=6.47x10-5) between SA and Caucasians but no discriminatory metabolites could be identified. Targeted bile acids assay showed conjugated and primary conjugated bile acids concentrations in faeces were significantly higher in the SA group (p=0.02 and p=0.03 respectively). Conclusions The Indian population appears to be more susceptible to UC with pan-colonic disease and higher colectomy rates. SA ethnicity may alter microbial and metabolic profiles in UC patients. Further studies targeting the Indian population may provide reasons behind differences in disease behaviour.
Additional file 3 of Trend in cancer incidence in Mato Grosso and its health regions, Brazil, 2001–2018
Creators: name: das Neves, Marco Aurélio Bertúlio
name: Galvão, Noemi Dreyer
name: de Lima, Fernanda Cristina da Silva
name: Oliveria, Júlio Fernando Pinto
name: Xavier, Sancho Pedro
name: da Silva, Kátia Moreira
name: Almeida, Ádila de Queiroz Neves
name: da Silva, Ageo Mário Cândido
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 3
A molecular state of correlated electrons in a quantum dot
Creators: name: Kalliakos, Sokratis
name: Rontani, Massimo
name: Pellegrini, Vittorio
name: Garcia, Cesar Pascual
name: Pinczuk, Aron
name: Goldoni, Guido
name: Molinari, Elisa
name: Pfeiffer, Loren N.
name: West, Ken W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Correlation among particles in finite quantum systems leads to complex behaviour and novel states of matter. One remarkable example is predicted to occur in a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) where at vanishing density the Coulomb correlation among electrons rigidly fixes their relative position as that of the nuclei in a molecule. In this limit, the neutral few-body excitations are roto-vibrations, which have either rigid-rotor or relative-motion character. In the weak-correlation regime, on the contrary, the Coriolis force mixes rotational and vibrational motions. Here we report evidence of roto-vibrational modes of an electron molecular state at densities for which electron localization is not yet fully achieved. We probe these collective modes by inelastic light scattering in QDs containing four electrons. Spectra of low-lying excitations associated to changes of the relative-motion wave function -the analogues of the vibration modes of a conventional molecule- do not depend on the rotational state represented by the total angular momentum. Theoretical simulations via the configuration-interaction (CI) method are in agreement with the observed roto-vibrational modes and indicate that such molecular excitations develop at the onset of short-range correlation.
description: PDF file only; 24 pages, 7 figures, 2 table. Supplementary Information included
Thermodynamics of nano-spheres encapsulated in virus capsids
Creators: name: Siber, Antonio
name: Zandi, Roya
name: Podgornik, Rudolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the thermodynamics of complexation of functionalized charged nano-spheres with viral proteins. The physics of this problem is governed by electrostatic interaction between the proteins and the nano-sphere cores (screened by salt ions), but also by configurational degrees of freedom of the charged protein N-tails. We approach the problem by constructing an appropriate complexation free energy functional. On the basis of both numerical and analytical studies of this functional we construct the phase diagram for the assembly which contains the information on the assembled structures that appear in the thermodynamical equilibrium, depending on the size and surface charge density of the nano-sphere cores. We show that both the nano-sphere core charge as well as its radius determine the size of the capsid that forms around the core.
description: Submitted
Optimizing Anharmonicity in Nanoscale Weak Link Josephson Junction Oscillators
Creators: name: Vijay, R.
name: Sau, J. D.
name: Cohen, Marvin L.
name: Siddiqi, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Josephson tunnel junctions are widely used as nonlinear elements in superconducting circuits such as low noise amplifiers and quantum bits. However, microscopic defects in the oxide tunnel barrier can produce low and high frequency noise which can potentially limit the coherence times and quality factors of resonant circuits. Weak link Josephson junctions are an attractive alternative provided that sufficient nonlinearity can be engineered. We compute the current phase relation for superconducting weak links, with dimensions comparable to the zero temperature coherence length, connected to two and three dimensional superconducting electrodes. Our results indicate that 50-100 nm long aluminum nanobridges connected with three dimensional banks can be used to construct nonlinear oscillators for bifurcation amplification. We also show that under static current bias, these oscillators have a sufficiently anharmonic energy level structure to form a qubit. Such weak link junctions thus present a practical new route for realizing sensitive quantum circuits.
A generalised immersed boundary method for flows of dense suspension of solid particles
Creators: name: Bin Abdol Azis, Mohd Hazmil Syahidy
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Immersed boundary method (IBM) provides computational advantages in approximating moving solid surfaces on fixed numerical meshes. It has been widely used for fully-resolved simulations of particulate flows. This thesis proposes a generalised formulation of IBM with improved applicability to flows with dense concentrations of particles and unstructured meshes. The new IBM formulation, which is based on the smooth-interface direct forcing approach, directly uses the algebraic discretised terms of the momentum equations in the evaluation of the forces on Lagrangian immersed boundary (IB) points, and evaluate the integral Lagrangian volumes based on these forces. Appropriate reconstructions of the boundary forces are adopted to ensure the compatibility with the momentum-weighted interpolation used for the finite-volume discretisation with a collocated mesh arrangement. A modified direct forcing formulation is also proposed, which results in an efficiency gain of a devised segregated flow-particle coupling scheme. The novel framework is applied to flows with stationary and moving IBs on both Cartesian and arbitrary triangular/tetrahedral meshes, and the results are similar or better than other related methods that are mostly developed for Cartesian meshes. Accurate and stable enforcement of the no-slip condition on the IB at every time-step is demonstrated, even for flows with strong transient behaviour and high velocity and pressure gradients. Local continuity in the vicinity of the IB is also preserved, ensuring local and global mass conservation alongside the local no-slip condition. Adaptations devised for unstructured meshes results in an accuracy close to that obtained on Cartesian meshes. The framework is successfully applied in the simulations of fluidisation of dense particle bed and a rising pack of light particles, showing robust stability. The issues related to the interfering regularised forces of different particle surfaces are not significant using the present formulation, hence eliminate unphysical flow patterns between aggregated particles.
title: Getting Lucky: How Guessing Threatens the Validity of Performance Classifications
Creators: name: Foley , Brett P.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2016

description: There is always a chance that examinees will answer multiple choice (MC) items correctly by guessing. Design choices in some modern exams have created situations where guessing at random through the full examâ€”rather than only for a subset of items where the examinee does not know the answerâ€”can be an effective strategy to pass the exam. This paper describes two case studies to illustrate this problem, discusses test development decisions that can help address the situation, and provides recommendations to testing professionals to help identify when guessing at random can be an effective strategy to pass the exam.
Solvent mediated interactions between model colloids and interfaces: A microscopic approach
Creators: name: Hopkins, Paul
name: Archer, Andrew J.
name: Evans, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the solvent mediated contribution to the effective potentials for model colloidal or nano- particles dispersed in a binary solvent that exhibits fluid-fluid phase separation. Using a simple density functional theory we calculate the density profiles of both solvent species in the presence of the `colloids', which are treated as external potentials, and determine the solvent mediated (SM) potentials. Specifically, we calculate SM potentials between (i) two colloids, (ii) a colloid and a planar fluid-fluid interface, and (iii) a colloid and a planar wall with an adsorbed wetting film. We consider three different types of colloidal particles: colloid A which prefers the bulk solvent phase rich in species 2, colloid C which prefers the solvent phase rich in species 1, and `neutral' colloid B which has no strong preference for either phase, i.e. the free energies to insert the colloid into either of the coexisting bulk phases are almost equal. When a colloid which has a preference for one of the two solvent phases is inserted into the disfavored phase at statepoints close to coexistence a thick adsorbed `wetting' film of the preferred phase may form around the colloids. The presence of the adsorbed film has a profound influence on the form of the SM potentials.
description: 17 Pages, 13 Figures. Accepted for publication in Journal of Chemical Physics
Additional file 4 of Trend in cancer incidence in Mato Grosso and its health regions, Brazil, 2001–2018
Creators: name: das Neves, Marco Aurélio Bertúlio
name: Galvão, Noemi Dreyer
name: de Lima, Fernanda Cristina da Silva
name: Oliveria, Júlio Fernando Pinto
name: Xavier, Sancho Pedro
name: da Silva, Kátia Moreira
name: Almeida, Ádila de Queiroz Neves
name: da Silva, Ageo Mário Cândido
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 4
The electronic spectra of crystalline charge-transfer complexes.
Creators: name: Lower, Stephen Kent
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Charge-transfer complexes of the aromatic hydrocarbon-trinitrobenzene type are stabilized principally by interaction between a dative- and a "no-bond" state: φN= a ψ₀ (DA) + b ψ₁ (D⁺A¯) . The resulting complexes usually possess a colour which is associated with an electronic transition between the ground state φN and a predominantly dative excited state; the transition therefore corresponds to the partial transfer of an electron from the donor (D- usually the hydrocarbon) to the acceptor (A). Most of the previous spectroscopic work on CT complexes has been concerned with solutions of the complexes; no detailed investigation of a crystalline complex has been made. The somewhat random nature of CT interaction in solution tends to limit the amount of information we can gain from such studies, and this has prompted the present work on solid complexes. With a system of definite composition and structure, both the spectroscopic examination and theoretical treatment can be carried out at a more quantitative level. The results of a detailed spectroscopic study of the crystalline anthracene-trinitrobenzene complex are presented. It is shown that 1) The CT transition moment is strongly polarized parallel to the c-axis of the crystal (approximately perpendicular to the molecular planes), with a polarization ratio greater than that predicted by the simple oriented gas model. 2) A portion of the intensity of the CT state is derived from mixing with the more intense ¹La state of anthracene, confirming the prediction of J. Murrell. 3) The crystal emission spectrum consists almost entirely of CT fluorescence with vibrational structure similar to that of the absorption. The entire spectrum is blue-shifted with respect to that of the rigid-glass solution; as in solution, there is a very wide gap between the absorption and fluorescence origins. 4) The emission intensity is strongly temperature dependent; a portion of this dependence is reversible, while the remainder is apparently connected with the creation of crystal defects on cooling, and cannot be reversed. It is suggested that the CT state is highly delocalized in the crystal, and that the transition dipole moment connecting the ground- and CT states must be polarized along the c-axis of the crystal, rather than between the centers of the individual donor-acceptor pairs. A number of TNB complexes of other hydrocarbons were studied, although in much less detail. Their spectroscopic properties appear to be similar to those of anthracene-TNB. Polarized phosphorescence- and triplet-triplet absorption spectra of several aromatic hydrocarbons dissolved in crystalline benzophenone are given. This is the first reported observation of triplet-triplet absorption in crystals, and it is shown that it is polarized mainly in the planes of the molecules investigated.
A posteriori inclusion of parton density functions in NLO QCD final-state calculations at hadron colliders: The APPLGRID Project
Creators: name: Carli, Tancredi
name: Clements, Dan
name: Cooper-Sarkar, Amanda
name: Gwenlan, Claire
name: Salam, Gavin P.
name: Siegert, Frank
name: Starovoitov, Pavel
name: Sutton, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method to facilitate the consistent inclusion of cross-section measurements based on complex final-states from HERA, TEVATRON and the LHC in proton parton density function (PDF) fits has been developed. This can be used to increase the sensitivity of LHC data to deviations from Standard Model predictions. The method stores perturbative coefficients of NLO QCD calculations of final-state observables measured in hadron colliders in look-up tables. This allows the posteriori inclusion of parton density functions (PDFs), and of the strong coupling, as well as the a posteriori variation of the renormalisation and factorisation scales in cross-section calculations. The main novelties in comparison to original work on the subject are the use of higher-order interpolation, which substantially improves the trade-off between accuracy and memory use, and a CPU and computer memory optimised way to construct and store the look-up table using modern software tools. It is demonstrated that a sufficient accuracy on the cross-section calculation can be achieved with reasonably small look-up table size by using the examples of jet production and electro-weak boson (Z, W) production in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV at the LHC. The use of this technique in PDF fitting is demonstrated in a PDF-fit to HERA data and simulated LHC jet cross-sections as well as in a study of the jet cross-section uncertainties at various centre-of-mass energies.
Additional file 5 of Trend in cancer incidence in Mato Grosso and its health regions, Brazil, 2001–2018
Creators: name: das Neves, Marco Aurélio Bertúlio
name: Galvão, Noemi Dreyer
name: de Lima, Fernanda Cristina da Silva
name: Oliveria, Júlio Fernando Pinto
name: Xavier, Sancho Pedro
name: da Silva, Kátia Moreira
name: Almeida, Ádila de Queiroz Neves
name: da Silva, Ageo Mário Cândido
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 5
Mass dependent Evolution of Field Early-Type Galaxies Since z=1
Creators: name: Fritz, Alexander
name: Jorgensen, Inger
name: Schiavon, Ricardo P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the Fundamental Plane (FP) of field early-type galaxies at 0.5
description: 2 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the proceedings of the IAU Symposium no. 262, "Stellar Populations - Planning for the Next Decade", eds. G. R. Bruzual and S. Charlot
Negative-index media for matter-wave optics
Creators: name: Baudon, J.
name: Hamamda, M.
name: Grucker, J.
name: Perales, F.
name: Dutier, G.
name: Boustimi, M.
name: Ducloy, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the extension of optical meta-materials to matter waves. We show that the generic property of pulsed comoving magnetic fields allows us to fashion the wave-number dependence of the atomic phase shift. It can be used to produce a transient negative group velocity of an atomic wave packet, which results into a negative refraction of the matter wave. Application to slow metastable argon atoms Ar*(3P2) shows that the device is able to operate either as an efficient beam splitter or an atomic meta-lens. Implications of "meta-media" in atom optics are considered.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted at PRL 4 November 2008
title: Regularization Methods for Fitting Linear Models with Small Sample Sizes: Fitting the Lasso Estimator using R
Creators: name: Finch, W. Holmes
name: Hernandez Finch, Maria E.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2016

description: Researchers and data analysts are sometimes faced with the problem of very small samples, where the number of variables approaches or exceeds the overall sample size; i.e. high dimensional data. In such cases, standard statistical models such as regression or analysis of variance cannot be used, either because the resulting parameter estimates exhibit very high variance and can therefore not be trusted, or because the statistical algorithm cannot converge on parameter estimates at all. There exist an alternative set of model estimation procedures, known collectively as regularization methods, which can be used in such circumstances, and which have been shown through simulation research to yield accurate parameter estimates. The purpose of this paper is to describe, for those unfamiliar with them, the most popular of these regularization methods, the lasso, and to demonstrate its use on an actual high dimensional dataset involving adults with autism, using the R software language. Results of analyses involving relating measures of executive functioning with a full scale intelligence test score are presented, and implications of using these models are discussed. Accessed 4,969 times on https://pareonline.net from May 08, 2016 to December 31, 2019. For downloads from January 1, 2020 forward, please click on the PlumX Metrics link to the right.
Multi-frequency imaging of the galaxy cluster Abell 2163 using the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect
Creators: name: Nord, M.
name: Basu, K.
name: Pacaud, F.
name: Ade, P. A. R.
name: Bender, A. N.
name: Benson, B. A.
name: Bertoldi, F.
name: Cho, H. -M.
name: Chon, G.
name: Clarke, J.
name: Dobbs, M.
name: Ferrusca, D.
name: Halverson, N. W.
name: Holzapfel, W. L.
name: Horellou, C.
name: Johansson, D.
name: Kennedy, J.
name: Kermish, Z.
name: Kneissl, R.
name: Lanting, T.
name: Lee, A. T.
name: Lueker, M.
name: Mehl, J.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Plagge, T.
name: Reichardt, C. L.
name: Richards, P. L.
name: Schaaf, R.
name: Schwan, D.
name: Spieler, H.
name: Tucker, C.
name: Weiss, A.
name: Zahn, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We used the APEX-SZ and LABOCA bolometer cameras on the APEX telescope to map the decrement of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect at 150 GHz and the increment at 345 GHz toward the galaxy cluster Abell 2163. The SZE images were used to model the radial density and temperature distribution of the ICM, and to derive the gas mass fraction in the cluster under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium. We used the isothermal beta model to fit the SZE decrement/increment radial profiles. We performed a simple, non-parametric de-projection of the radial density and temperature profiles, in conjunction with XMM-Newton X-ray data, under the simplifying assumption of spherical symmetry. We combined the peak SZE signals derived in this paper with published SZE measurements of this cluster to derive the cluster line-of-sight bulk velocity and the central Comptonization, using priors on the ICM temperature. We find that the best-fit isothermal model to the SZE data is consistent with the ICM properties implied by the X-ray data, particularly inside the central 1 Mpc radius. Although the assumptions of hydrostatic equilibrium and spherical symmetry may not be optimal for this complex system, the results obtained under these assumptions are consistent with X-ray and weak-lensing measurements. This shows the applicability of the simple joint SZE and X-ray de-projection technique described in this paper for clusters with a wide range of dynamical states. (Abridged)
description: 14 pages, 9 figures. To appear in A&A. Sections 4 and 5 updated
title: Confidence Intervals for Effect Sizes: Applying Bootstrap Resampling
Creators: name:  Banjanovic, Erin S.
name: Osborne, Jason W.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2016

description: Confidence intervals for effect sizes (CIES) provide readers with an estimate of the strength of a reported statistic as well as the relative precision of the point estimate. These statistics offer more information and context than null hypothesis statistic testing. Although confidence intervals have been recommended by scholars for many years, these statistics are often not reported. This may be partially due to the complexity of calculating confidence intervals for many statistics. Bootstrap resampling can be used to easily estimate confidence intervals around almost any type of point estimate. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate this methodology using real-world data and to develop several simple principles around this methodology to guide readers in appropriate application Accessed 9,491 times on https://pareonline.net from March 11, 2016 to December 31, 2019. For downloads from January 1, 2020 forward, please click on the PlumX Metrics link to the right.
Submillimeter and X-ray observations of an X Class flare
Creators: name: de Castro, C. G. Gimenez
name: Trottet, G.
name: Silva-Valio, A.
name: Krucker, S.
name: Costa, J. E. R.
name: Kaufmann, P.
name: Correia, E.
name: Levato, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The GOES X1.5 class flare that occurred on August 30,2002 at 1327:30 UT is one of the few events detected so far at submillimeter wavelengths. We present a detailed analysis of this flare combining radio observations from 1.5 to 212 GHz (an upper limit of the flux is also provided at 405 GHz) and X-ray. Although the observations of radio emission up to 212 GHz indicates that relativistic electrons with energies of a few MeV were accelerated, no significant hard X-ray emission was detected by RHESSI above ~ 250 keV. Images at 12--20 and 50--100 keV reveal a very compact, but resolved, source of about ~ 10" x 10". EUV TRACE images show a multi-kernel structure suggesting a complex (multipolar) magnetic topology. During the peak time the radio spectrum shows an extended flatness from ~ 7 to 35 GHz. Modeling the optically thin part of the radio spectrum as gyrosynchrotron emission we obtained the electron spectrum (spectral index delta, instantaneous number of emitting electrons). It is shown that in order to keep the expected X-ray emission from the same emitting electrons below the RHESSI background at 250 keV, a magnetic field above 500 G is necessary. On the other hand, the electron spectrum deduced from radio observations >= 50 GHz is harder than that deduced from ~ 70 - 250 keV X-ray data, meaning that there must exist a breaking energy around a few hundred keV. During the decay of the impulsive phase, a hardening of the X-ray spectrum is observed which is interpreted as a hardening of the electron distribution spectrum produced by the diffusion due to Coulomb collisions of the trapped electrons in a medium with an electron density of n_e ~ 3E10 - 5E10 cm-3.
description: Accpeted in Astronomy & Astrophysics. 9 Pages, 6 Figures ADDED REFERENCES
title: A Brief Guide to Decisions at Each Step of the Propensity Score Matching Process
Creators: name: Harris, Heather
name: Horst, S. Jeanne
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2016

description: Propensity score matching techniques are becoming increasingly common as they afford applied practitioners the ability to account for systematic bias related to self-selection. However, "best practices" for implementing these techniques in applied settings is scattered throughout the literature. The current article aims to provide a brief overview of important considerations at each step of the propensity score matching process. Our hope is that this article will serve as a resource to assessment practitioners and augment previously published papers.
The Fermi blazars' divide based on the diagnostic of the SEDs peak frequencies
Creators: name: Tramacere, A.
name: Cavazzuti, E.
name: Giommi, P.
name: Mazziotta, N.
name: Monte, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the quasi-simultaneous Spectral Energy Distributions (SED) of 48 LBAS blazars, detected within the three months of the LAT Bright AGN Sample (LBAS) data taking period, combining Fermi and Swift data with radio NIR-Optical and hard-X/gamma-ray data. Using these quasi-simultaneous SEDs, sampling both the low and the high energy peak of the blazars broad band emission, we were able to apply a diagnostic tool based on the estimate of the peak frequencies of the synchrotron (S) and Inverse Compton (IC) components. Our analysis shows a Fermi blazars' divide based on the peak frequencies of the SED. The robust result is that the Synchrotron Self Compton (SSC) region divides in two the plane were we plot the peak frequency of the synchrotron SED vs the typical Lorentz factor of the electrons most contributing to the synchrotron emission and to the inverse Compton process. Objects within or below this region, radiating likely via the SSC process, are high-frequency-peaked BL Lac object (HBL), or low/intermediate-frequency peaked BL Lac object (LBL/IBL). All of the IBLs/LBLs within or below the SSC region are not Compton dominated. The objects lying above the SSC region, radiating likely via the External radiation Compton (ERC) process, are Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars and IBLs/LBLs. All of the IBLs/LBLs in the ERC region show a significant Compton dominance.
description: Contribution to the Workshop SciNeGHe 2009/Gamma-ray Physics in the LHC era (Assisi - Italy, Oct. 7-9 2009)
Additional file 1 of Influence of maxillofacial skeletal morphology on difficult laryngoscopy
Creators: name: Sekino, Reiko
name: Hikida, Minami
name: Shinozuka, Keiji
name: Nagasaki, Maki
name: Kusano, Akemi
name: Tonogi, Morio
name: Oka, Shunichi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
title: Accuracy of range restriction correction with multiple imputation in small and moderate samples: A simulation study
Creators: name: Pfaffel, Andreas
name: Spiel, Christiane
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2016

description: Approaches to correcting correlation coefficients for range restriction have been developed under the framework of large sample theory. The accuracy of missing data techniques for correcting correlation coefficients for range restriction has thus far only been investigated with relatively large samples. However, researchers and evaluators are often faced with a small or moderate number of applicants but must still attempt to estimate the population correlation between predictor and criterion. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the accuracy of population correlation estimates and their associated standard error in terms of small and moderate sample sizes. We applied multiple imputation by chained equations for continuous and naturally dichotomous criterion variables. The results show that multiple imputation by chained equations is accurate for a continuous criterion variable, even for a small number of applicants when the selection ratio is not too small. In the case of a naturally dichotomous criterion variable, a small or moderate number of applicants leads to biased estimates when the selection ratio is small. In contrast, the standard error of the population correlation estimate is accurate over a wide range of conditions of sample size, selection ratio, true population correlation, for continuous and naturally dichotomous criterion variables, and for direct and indirect range restriction scenarios. The findings of this study provide empirical evidence about the accuracy of the correction, and support researchers and evaluators in their assessment of conditions under which correlation coefficients corrected for range restriction can be trusted. Accessed 2,759 times on https://pareonline.net from September 13, 2016 to December 31, 2019. For downloads from January 1, 2020 forward, please click on the PlumX Metrics link to the right.