cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Growth and bioenergetic models for stellar sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) in Alaska
Creators: name: Winship, Arliss J.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The primary goal of my study was to develop a bioenergetic model to predict the food requirements of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). An important component of the bioenergetic model was a physical growth model. Growth models were constructed using morphometric measurements of males (> 1 year old), females (> 1 year old), and pregnant females with a foetus that had been shot on rookeries, haulouts, and in the coastal waters of southeastern Alaska, the Gulf of Alaska and along the Bering Sea ice edge between 1976 and 1989. A Richards model best described age related growth in body length and mass. Males grew (in length) over a longer period than females and exhibited a growth spurt in mass which coincided with sexual maturity. Sexual dimorphism in both body length and mass was significant by 3 years of age. The average predicted standard lengths of males and females older than 12 years were 3.04 m and 2.32 m respectively, while the average predicted weights were 681 kg and 273 kg respectively. Residuals of the size at age models indicated seasonal changes in growth rates. Young animals (<6 years old) and adult males grew little during the breeding season (May - July), and adult males did not resume growth until sometime after November. The bioenergetic model was used to estimate the food requirements of the Alaskan Steller sea lion population in the 1990's and to examine how these food requirements varied seasonally and spatially. Input included age/sex-specific energy requirements, population size/composition, and diet composition/energy content by date and region of Alaska. Error in model predictions was calculated using uncertainty in parameter values and Monte Carlo simulation methods. Food requirements were generally lowest in the summer and highest in the winter and spring mainly due to changes in activity budgets and the energy content of the diet. The mean daily food requirement of pregnant females was only marginally greater than the mean daily food requirement of non-pregnant females of the same age, but the mean daily food requirement of females nursing pups was about 70% greater than females of the same age without pups. Per capita population food requirements differed by up to 12% among regions of Alaska due to differences in the energy content of the diet. Steller sea lion predation was small relative to total walleye pollock natural mortality, but accounted for a large part of total Atka mackerel natural mortality. Of the bioenergetic, population, and diet parameters, uncertainty in bioenergetic parameters resulted in the largest error in model predictions. The model provided both a quantitative estimate of the Alaskan Steller sea lion population's food requirements and direction for future research.
IMPACTS OF INCORPORATING LAND EXCHANGES BETWEEN FORESTRY AND AGRICULTURE IN SECTOR MODELS
Creators: name: Alig, Ralph J.
name: Adams, Darius M.
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
name: Alig, Ralph J.
name: Adams, Darius M.
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Agriculture
subject: Conservation
subject: Forest sector
subject: Land use
subject: Projections

description: The forest and agriculture sectors are linked by having a portion of their land bases suitable for use in either sector. A substantial part of the southern land base is suitable for either forestry or agriculture use, with most of forestation on U.S. agriculture land in the South. We examine how land exchanges between forestry and agriculture are influenced by specific federal conservation and farm support policies, including changes in the Conservation Reserve Program. Reallocation of land is a significant part of the sectors' responses to the policies, along with intensification of timber management on existing southern forests.
La S.W.O.T. Analysis nella valutazione del PSL Gargano 2000-2006
Creators: name: Giacobbe, Glauco
Publisher: name: ----
Year: 2015
Subjects: SWOT Analysis, PSL Gal Gargano, Programma Leader Plus 2000/2006.

description: Il presente lavoro, previa breve trattazione della S.W.O.T. analysis, propone uno studio pratico condotto con una valutazione S.W.O.T. dei punti di forza, debolezza, opportunità e minacce  estrapolato dal P.S.L. Gargano, redatto dal Gal Gargano e basato su dati ISTAT.
description: ----, Vol 6, No 3 (2015): Issue 3 - 2015
REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION: COUNTY-LEVEL EVIDENCE FROM THE U.S. SOUTH
Creators: name: Ngarambe, Octavian
name: Goetz, Stephan J.
name: Debertin, David L.
name: Ngarambe, Octavian
name: Goetz, Stephan J.
name: Debertin, David L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Causality
subject: Economic growth
subject: Inequality
subject: U.S. South

description: Changes in income distribution are estimated for the U.S. South over the 1970 and 1980 decades using Gini coefficients for county-level, real family income. To explicitly investigate causal relationships between economic growth and inequality, a two-stage least squares model was estimated. In the 1970s, more rapid increases in inequality were associated with a reduced income growth rate, ceteris paribus, while in the 1980s, the opposite was true. Faster rates of income growth were associated with more rapid increases in inequality during the 1980s, but rates of income growth had no effect on changes in inequality during the 1970s.
Role of Orbitals in the Physics of Correlated Electron Systems
Creators: name: Khomskii, D. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rich properties of systems with strongly correlated electrons, such as transition metal oxides, is largely connected with an interplay of different degrees of freedom in them: charge, spin, orbital ones, as well as crystal lattice. Specific and often very important role is played by orbital degrees of freedom. In this comment I will shortly summarize the main concepts and discuss some of the well-known manifestations of orbital degrees of freedom, but will mostly concentrate on a recent development in this field.
description: To be published in "Comments on Solid State Physics", part of "Physica Scripta"
La_sexualidad_en_Confesiones_de_una_masc.pdf
Creators: name: Sagnotti, Jorge Castelo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 200518 Literature in Japanese
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: 130308 Gender, Sexuality and Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 200205 Culture, Gender, Sexuality
subject: FOS: Other humanities

description: En Historia de la Sexualidad, Michael Foucault revela que el discurso decimonónico sobre la sexualidad europeo se convierte en una herramienta más del poder. Este discurso se expandió también a Japón durante la rápida industrialización Meiji y podemos detectar su presencia en lugares como la literatura. A través del análisis de Confesiones de una máscara de Mishima Yukio, veremos cómo dicho discurso sirve para construir el personaje principal de la obra –el narrador– y sus líneas argumentales.Utilizando el análisis de cómo se articula el discurso sobre la sexualidad llevado a cabo por Foucault, podremos detectar qué partes del mismo aparecen en la obra de Mishima y de qué manera. A través de este método, podremos confirmar el trasvase de dicho discurso de poder desde occidente a Japón, y su aparición en esta obra literaria, condicionando la construcción del personaje principal de la misma. Además, podremos determinar qué implicaciones tiene este último hecho, y cómo se relacionan con la visión que el mundo tiene sobre Mishima Yukio.
Subdiffusive-Brownian crossover in membrane proteins: a Generalized Langevin Equation-based approach
Creators: name: Di Cairano, Loris
name: Stamm, Benjamin
name: Calandrini, Vania
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a Generalized Langevin Equation (GLE)-based model to describe the lateral diffusion of a protein in a lipid bilayer. The memory kernel is represented in terms of a viscous (instantaneous) and an elastic (non instantaneous) component modeled respectively through a Dirac delta function and a three-parameter Mittag-Leffler type function. By imposing a specific relationship between the parameters of the three-parameters Mittag-Leffler function, the different dynamical regimes, namely ballistic, subdiffusive and Brownian, as well as the crossover from one regime to another, are retrieved. Within this approach, the transition time from the ballistic to the subdiffusive regime and the distribution of relaxation times underlying the transition from the subdiffusive to the Brownian regime are given. The reliability of the model is tested by comparing the Mean Squared Displacement (MSD) derived in the framework of this model and the MSD of a protein diffusing in a membrane calculated through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
A SECTORAL ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION
Creators: name: Kennedy, P. Lynn
name: Atici, Cemal
name: Kennedy, P. Lynn
name: Atici, Cemal
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Agricultural policy
subject: European Union
subject: Trade liberalization
subject: United States

description: Complete agricultural trade liberalization between the United States and the European Union is examined with respect to the agricultural sector. A static, partial equilibrium model, distinguishing among the European Union, the United States, and a politically passive rest of the world, is used to simulate agricultural free trade. The results of this research reveal how European Union and United States adoption of free trade affects domestic and world prices, production, consumption, self-sufficiency, and welfare.
Multiple orthogonal polynomials of mixed type and non-intersecting Brownian motions
Creators: name: Daems, E.
name: Kuijlaars, A. B. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a generalization of multiple orthogonal polynomials of type I and type II, which we call multiple orthogonal polynomials of mixed type. Some basic properties are formulated, and a Riemann-Hilbert problem for the multiple orthogonal polynomials of mixed type is given. We derive a Christoffel-Darboux formula for these polynomials using the solution of the Riemann-Hilbert problem. The main motivation for studying these polynomials comes from a model of non-intersecting one-dimensional Brownian motions with a given number of starting points and endpoints. The correlation kernel for the positions of the Brownian paths at any intermediate time coincides with the Christoffel-Darboux kernel for the multiple orthogonal polynomials of mixed type with respect to Gaussian weights.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures
Good and Bad Boundaries in Ultrasound Compounding: Preserving Anatomic Boundaries While Suppressing Artifacts
Creators: name: Hung, Alex Ling Yu
name: Galeotti, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ultrasound 3D compounding is important for volumetric reconstruction, but as of yet there is no consensus on best practices for compounding. Ultrasound images depend on probe direction and the path sound waves pass through, so when multiple intersecting B-scans of the same spot from different perspectives yield different pixel values, there is not a single, ideal representation for compounding (i.e. combining) the overlapping pixel values. Current popular methods inevitably suppress or altogether leave out bright or dark regions that are useful, and potentially introduce new artifacts. In this work, we establish a new algorithm to compound the overlapping pixels from different view points in ultrasound. We uniquely leverage Laplacian and Gaussian Pyramids to preserve the maximum boundary contrast without overemphasizing noise and speckle. We evaluate our algorithm by comparing ours with previous algorithms, and we show that our approach not only preserves both light and dark details, but also somewhat suppresses artifacts, rather than amplifying them.
description: Int J CARS (2021)
Gamma radiation exposure of MCT diode arrays
Creators: name: Sizov, F. F.
name: Lysiuk, I. O.
name: Gumenjuk-Sichevska, J. V.
name: Bunchuk, S. G.
name: Zabudsky, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Investigations of electrical properties of long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) arrays exposed to gamma-radiation have been performed. Resistance-area product characteristics of LWIR n{+}-p photodiodes have been investigated using microprobe technique at T=78 K before and after an exposure to various doses of gamma-radiation. The current transport mechanisms for those structures are described within the framework of the balance equation model taking into account the occupation of the trap states in the band gap.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Semiconductor Science and Technology
Venus Observations at 40 and 90 GHz with CLASS
Creators: name: Dahal, Sumit
name: Brewer, Michael K.
name: Appel, John W.
name: Ali, Aamir
name: Bennett, Charles L.
name: Bustos, Ricardo
name: Chan, Manwei
name: Chuss, David T.
name: Cleary, Joseph
name: Couto, Jullianna D.
name: Datta, Rahul
name: Denis, Kevin L.
name: Eimer, Joseph
name: Espinoza, Francisco
name: Essinger-Hileman, Thomas
name: Gothe, Dominik
name: Harrington, Kathleen
name: Iuliano, Jeffrey
name: Karakla, John
name: Marriage, Tobias A.
name: Novack, Sasha
name: Núñez, Carolina
name: Padilla, Ivan L.
name: Parker, Lucas
name: Petroff, Matthew A.
name: Reeves, Rodrigo
name: Rhoades, Gary
name: Rostem, Karwan
name: Valle, Deniz A. N.
name: Watts, Duncan J.
name: Weiland, Janet L.
name: Wollack, Edward J.
name: Xu, Zhilei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor, we measure the disk-averaged absolute Venus brightness temperature to be 432.3 $\pm$ 2.8 K and 355.6 $\pm$ 1.3 K in the Q and W frequency bands centered at 38.8 and 93.7 GHz, respectively. At both frequency bands, these are the most precise measurements to date. Furthermore, we observe no phase dependence of the measured temperature in either band. Our measurements are consistent with a CO$_2$-dominant atmospheric model that includes trace amounts of additional absorbers like SO$_2$ and H$_2$SO$_4$.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, published in PSJ
Radiative transitions of $D^*_{sJ}(2317)$ and $D_{sJ}(2460)$
Creators: name: Colangelo, P.
name: De Fazio, F.
name: Ozpineci, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study radiative decays of $D^*_{sJ}(2317)$ and $D_{sJ}(2460)$ using light-cone QCD sum rules. In particular, we consider the decay modes $D^*_{sJ}(2317)\to D_s^* γ$ and $D_{sJ}(2460)\to D_s^{(*)} γ, D^*_{sJ}(2317) γ$ and evaluate the hadronic parameters in the transition amplitudes analyzing correlation functions of scalar, pseudoscalar, vector and axial-vector quark currents. In the case of $D^*_{sJ}(2317)\to D_s^* γ$ we also consider determinations based on two different correlation functions in HQET. The decay widths turn out to be different than previous estimates obtained by other methods; the results favour the interpretation of $D^*_{sJ}(2317)$ and $D_{sJ}(2460)$ as ordinary $\bar c s$ mesons.
description: RevTex, 23 pages, 9 eps figures
MRZ code extraction from visa and passport documents using convolutional neural networks
Creators: name: Liu, Yichuan
name: James, Hailey
name: Gupta, Otkrist
name: Raviv, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Detecting and extracting information from Machine-Readable Zone (MRZ) on passports and visas is becoming increasingly important for verifying document authenticity. However, computer vision methods for performing similar tasks, such as optical character recognition (OCR), fail to extract the MRZ given digital images of passports with reasonable accuracy. We present a specially designed model based on convolutional neural networks that is able to successfully extract MRZ information from digital images of passports of arbitrary orientation and size. Our model achieved 100% MRZ detection rate and 98.36% character recognition macro-f1 score on a passport and visa dataset.
description: This is a preprint of https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-021-00384-2
Instanton Counting, Quantum Geometry and Algebra
Creators: name: Kimura, Taro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The aim of this memoir for "Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches" is to present quantum geometric and algebraic aspects of supersymmetric gauge theory, which emerge from non-perturbative nature of the vacuum structure induced by instantons. We start with a brief summary of the equivariant localization of the instanton moduli space, and show how to obtain the instanton partition function and its generalization to quiver gauge theory and supergroup gauge theory in three ways: the equivariant index formula, the contour integral formula, and the combinatorial formula. We then explore the geometric description of $\mathcal{N} = 2$ gauge theory based on Seiberg-Witten geometry together with its string/M-theory perspective. Through its relation to integrable systems, we show how to quantize such a geometric structure via the $Ω$-deformation of gauge theory. We also discuss the underlying quantum algebraic structure arising from the supersymmetric vacua. We introduce the notion of quiver W-algebra constructed through double quantization of Seiberg-Witten geometry, and show its specific features: affine quiver W-algebras, fractional quiver W-algebras, and their elliptic deformations.
description: Habilitation memoir. 308 pages; v2. minor updates, typos corrected; v3. reference updated, typos corrected. This is a preprint of the following work: Taro Kimura, Instanton Counting, Quantum Geometry and Algebra, 2021, Springer, reproduced with permission of Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76190-5
Onset of Deconfinement and Critical Point: NA49 and NA61/SHINE at the CERN SPS
Creators: name: Gazdzicki, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is dedicated to the memory of Jozsef Zimanyi one of the founders of the experiment NA49 at the CERN SPS. Firstly, the paper summarizes the main results of NA49 concerning observation of the onset of deconfinement in central Pb+Pb collisions at the low SPS energies. Secondly, it sketches the physics program of NA61 at the CERN SPS, the successor of NA49, which in particular aims to discover the critical point of strongly interacting matter. Finaly, a brief review of the future experimental programs in the CERN SPS energy range is given.
description: Presented at Zimanyi 75 Memorial Workshop on Hadronic and Quark Matter, Budapest, Hungary, July 2-4, 2007
Forced alignment of child speech (Mahr et al., 2021)
Creators: name: Mahr, Tristan J.
name: Berisha, Visar
name: Kawabata, Kan
name: Liss, Julie
name: Hustad, Katherine C.
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 170204 Linguistic Processes (incl. Speech Production and Comprehension)
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 200404 Laboratory Phonetics and Speech Science
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Purpose: Acoustic measurement of speech sounds requires first segmenting the speech signal into relevant units (words, phones, etc.). Manual segmentation is cumbersome and time consuming. Forced-alignment algorithms automate this process by aligning a transcript and a speech sample. We compared the phoneme-level alignment performance of five available forced-alignment algorithms on a corpus of child speech. Our goal was to document aligner performance for child speech researchers.Method: The child speech sample included 42 children between 3 and 6 years of age. The corpus was force-aligned using the Montreal Forced Aligner with and without speaker adaptive training, triphone alignment from the Kaldi speech recognition engine, the Prosodylab-Aligner, and the Penn Phonetics Lab Forced Aligner. The sample was also manually aligned to create gold-standard alignments. We evaluated alignment algorithms in terms of accuracy (whether the interval covers the midpoint of the manual alignment) and difference in phone-onset times between the automatic and manual intervals.Results: The Montreal Forced Aligner with speaker adaptive training showed the highest accuracy and smallest timing differences. Vowels were consistently the most accurately aligned class of sounds across all the aligners, and alignment accuracy increased with age for fricative sounds across the aligners too.Conclusion: The best-performing aligner fell just short of human-level reliability for forced alignment. Researchers can use forced alignment with child speech for certain classes of sounds (vowels, fricatives for older children), especially as part of a semi-automated workflow where alignments are later inspected for gross errors.
Supplemental Material S1. Analysis code.
Mahr, T. J., Berisha, V., Kawabata, K., Liss, J., & Hustad, K. C. (2021). Performance of forced-alignment algorithms on children's speech. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00268
Publisher Note: This article is part of the Special Issue: Select Papers From the 2020 Conference on Motor Speech.
Average Extinction Curves and Relative Abundances for QSO Absorption Line Systems at 1 <= z_abs < 2
Creators: name: York, Donald G.
name: Khare, Pushpa
name: Berk, Daniel Vanden
name: Kulkarni, Varsha P.
name: Crotts, Arlin P. S.
name: Lauroesch, James T.
name: Richards, Gordon T.
name: Schneider, Donald P.
name: Welty, Daniel E.
name: Alsayyad, Yusra
name: Kumar, Abhishek
name: Lundgren, Britt
name: Shanidze, Natela
name: Smith, Tristan
name: Vanlandingham, Johnny
name: Baugher, Britt
name: Hall, Patrick B.
name: Jenkins, Edward B.
name: Menard, Brice
name: Rao, Sandhya
name: Tumlinson, Jason
name: Turnshek, David
name: Yip, Ching-Wa
name: Brinkmann, Jon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied a sample of 809 Mg II absorption systems with 1.0 < z_abs < 1.86 in the spectra of SDSS QSOs, with the aim of understanding the nature and abundance of the dust and the chemical abundances in the intervening absorbers. Normalized, composite spectra were derived, for abundance measurements, for the full sample and several sub-samples, chosen on the basis of the line strengths and other absorber and QSO properties. Average extinction curves were obtained for the sub-samples by comparing their geometric mean spectra with those of matching samples of QSOs without absorbers in their spectra. There is clear evidence for the presence of dust in the intervening absorbers. The 2175 A feature is not present in the extinction curves, for any of the sub-samples. The extinction curves are similar to the SMC extinction curve with a rising UV extinction below 2200 A. The absorber rest frame colour excess, E(B-V), derived from the extinction curves, depends on the absorber properties and ranges from < 0.001 to 0.085 for various sub-samples. The column densities of several ions do not show such a correspondingly large variation. The depletion pattern is similar to halo clouds in the Galaxy. Assuming an SMC gas-to-dust ratio we find a trend of increasing abundance with decreasing extinction; systems with N_H I \~ 10^{20} cm^{-2} show solar abundance of Zn. The large velocity spread of strong Mg II systems seems to be mimicked by weak lines of other elements. The ionization of the absorbers, in general appears to be low. QSOs with absorbers are, in general, at least three times as likely to have highly reddened spectra as compared to QSOs without any absorption systems in their spectra.
description: 38 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Asymmetric excitation of left- and right-tail extreme events probed using a Hawkes model: application to financial returns
Creators: name: Tomlinson, Matthew F.
name: Greenwood, David
name: Mucha-Kruczynski, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a two-tailed peak-over-threshold Hawkes model that captures asymmetric self- and cross-excitation in and between left- and right-tail extreme values within a time series. We demonstrate its applicability by investigating extreme gains and losses within the daily log-returns of the S&P 500 equity index. We find that the arrivals of extreme losses and gains are described by a common conditional intensity to which losses contribute twice as much as gains. However, the contribution of the former decays almost five times more quickly than that of the latter. We attribute these asymmetries to the different reactions of market traders to extreme upward and downward movements of asset prices: an example of negativity bias, wherein trauma is more salient than euphoria.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, and 8 tables
Self-organizing social hierarchies in a timid society
Creators: name: Odagaki, Takashi
name: Tsujiguchi, Masaru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Emergence of hierarchies is investigated by Monte Carlo simulation in a timid society where all individuals are pacifist. The self-organiztion of hierarchies is shown to occur in two steps as the population is increased, i.e. there are three states, one egalitarian and two hierarchical states;the transition from the egalitarian to the first hierarchical state is continuous and the transition from the first hierachical state to the second one is discontinuous. In the first hierarchical society, all individuals belong to either middle class or losers and no winners appear. In the second hierarchical society, many winners emerge and the population of the middle class is reduced. The hierarchy in the second hierarchical society is stronger than the hierachy in a no-preference society studied by Bonabeau et al [ Physica A{\bf 217}, 373 (1995)]
description: 8pages with 6figures
Disconnection and entropic repulsion for the harmonic crystal with random conductances
Creators: name: Chiarini, Alberto
name: Nitzschner, Maximilian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60F10, 60G15, 60K35, 60K37, 82B43

description: We study level-set percolation for the harmonic crystal on $\mathbb{Z}^d$, $d \geq 3$, with uniformly elliptic random conductances. We prove that this model undergoes a non-trivial phase transition at a critical level that is almost surely constant under the environment measure. Moreover, we study the disconnection event that the level-set of this field below a level $α$ disconnects the discrete blow-up of a compact set $A \subseteq \mathbb{R}^d$ from the boundary of an enclosing box. We obtain quenched asymptotic upper and lower bounds on its probability in terms of the homogenized capacity of $A$, utilizing results from Neukamm, Schäffner and Schlömerkemper, see arXiv:1606.06533. Furthermore, we give upper bounds on the probability that a local average of the field deviates from some profile function depending on $A$, when disconnection occurs. The upper and lower bounds concerning disconnection that we derive are plausibly matching at leading order. In this case, this work shows that conditioning on disconnection leads to an entropic push-down of the field. The results in this article generalize the findings of arXiv:1802.02518 and arXiv:1808.09947 by the authors which treat the case of constant conductances. Our proofs involve novel "solidification estimates" for random walks, which are similar in nature to the corresponding estimates for Brownian motion derived by Sznitman and the second author in arXiv:1706.07229.
description: 58 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Communications in Mathematical Physics
Singlet VA \tilde V correlator within the instanton vacuum model
Creators: name: Dorokhov, A. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The correlator of singlet axial-vector and vector currents in the external electromagnetic field is studied within the instanton liquid model of QCD vacuum. In the chiral limit we calculate the longitudinal w_L^0 and transversal w_T^0 with respect to axial-vector index invariant amplitudes at arbitrary momentum transfer q. It is demonstrated how the anomalous longitudinal part of the correlator is renormalized at low momenta due to the presence of the U_A(1) anomaly.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity in a nonuniform electric field
Creators: name: Kozii, Vladyslav
name: Avdoshkin, Alexander
name: Zhong, Shudan
name: Moore, Joel E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how the intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity is modified in two-dimensional crystals with broken time-reversal symmetry due to weak inhomogeneity of the applied electric field. Focusing on a clean noninteracting two-band system without band crossings, we derive the general expression for the Hall conductivity at small finite wave vector $q$ to order $q^2$, which governs the Hall response to the second gradient of the electric field. Using the Kubo formula, we show that the answer can be expressed through the Berry curvature, Fubini-Study quantum metric, and the rank-3 symmetric tensor which is related to the quantum geometric connection and physically corresponds to the gauge-invariant part of the third cumulant of the position operator. We further compare our results with the predictions made within the semiclassical approach. By deriving the semiclassical equations of motion, we reproduce the result obtained from the Kubo formula in some limits. We also find, however, that the conventional semiclassical description in terms of the definite position and momentum of the electron is not fully consistent because of singular terms originating from the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. We thus present a clear example of a case when the semiclassical approach inherently suffers from the uncertainty principle, implying that it should be applied to systems in nonuniform fields with extra care.
NEW AND NOTEWORTHY IN NUTRITION - Issue 41, September 30, 2003
Creators: name: Kadiyala, Suneetha
name: Gillespie, Stuart
name: Kadiyala, Suneetha
name: Gillespie, Stuart
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Headlines: Child Survival, Growth, and Development; HIV/AIDS; Micronutrients; Obesity; Crises and Shocks; Policy; The Back Page.
Compensation after exposure to auditory errors (Niziolek & Parrell, 2021)
Creators: name: Niziolek, Caroline A.
name: Parrell, Benjamin
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 170204 Linguistic Processes (incl. Speech Production and Comprehension)
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Purpose: Speakers use auditory feedback to guide their speech output, although individuals differ in the magnitude of their compensatory response to perceived errors in feedback. Little is known about the factors that contribute to the compensatory response or how fixed or flexible they are within an individual. Here, we test whether manipulating the perceived reliability of auditory feedback modulates speakers’ compensation to auditory perturbations, as predicted by optimal models of sensorimotor control.Method: Forty participants produced monosyllabic words in two separate sessions, which differed in the auditory feedback given during an initial exposure phase. In the veridical session exposure phase, feedback was normal. In the noisy session exposure phase, small, random formant perturbations were applied, reducing reliability of auditory feedback. In each session, a subsequent test phase introduced larger unpredictable formant perturbations. We assessed whether the magnitude of within-trial compensation for these larger perturbations differed across the two sessions.Results: Compensatory responses to downward (though not upward) formant perturbations were larger in the veridical session than the noisy session. However, in post hoc testing, we found the magnitude of this effect is highly dependent on the choice of analysis procedures. Compensation magnitude was not predicted by other production measures, such as formant variability, and was not reliably correlated across sessions.Conclusions: Our results, though mixed, provide tentative support that the feedback control system monitors the reliability of sensory feedback. These results must be interpreted cautiously given the potentially limited stability of auditory feedback compensation measures across analysis choices and across sessions.
Supplemental Material S1. Additional analysis.
Niziolek, C. A., & Parrell, B. (2021). Responses to auditory feedback manipulations in speech may be affected by previous exposure to auditory errors. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00263
Publisher Note: This article is part of the Special Issue: Select Papers From the 2020 Conference on Motor Speech.
Is the Mott transition relevant to f-electron metals ?
Creators: name: Medici, L. de'
name: Georges, A.
name: Kotliar, G.
name: Biermann, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how a finite hybridization between a narrow correlated band and a wide conduction band affects the Mott transition. At zero temperature, the hybridization is found to be a relevant perturbation, so that the Mott transition is suppressed by Kondo screening. In contrast, a first-order transition remains at finite temperature, separating a local moment phase and a Kondo- screened phase. The first-order transition line terminates in two critical endpoints. Implications for experiments on f-electron materials such as the Cerium alloy Ce$_{0.8}$La$_{0.1}$Th$_{0.1}$ are discussed.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Gottesdienst - geschlossene Gesellschaft? Solidarität mit der Welt
Creators: name: Beckmann, Heinz
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 22 Nr. 3 (1973): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 22, Heft 3
Atomic transitions for adaptive optics
Creators: name: Yang, Rui
name: Hellemeier, Joschua
name: Hickson, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reviews atoms and ions in the upper atmosphere, including the mesospheric metals Na, Fe, Mg$^+$, Si$^+$, Ca$^+$, K and also non-metallic species N, N$^+$, O, H, considering their potential for astronomical adaptive optics. Na and Fe are the best candidates for the creation of polychromatic laser guide stars, with the strongest returns coming from transitions that can be reached by excitation at two wavelengths. Ca$^+$ and Si$^+$ have strong visible-light transitions, but require short wavelengths, beyond the atmospheric cutoff, for excitation from the ground state. Atomic O, N and N$^+$ have strong transitions and high abundances in the mesosphere. The product of column density and cross section for these species can be as high as $10^5$ for O and several hundred for N and N$^+$, making them potential candidates for amplified spontaneous emission. However they require vacuum-ultraviolet wavelengths for excitation.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
Laser calibration system for the CERES Time Projection Chamber
Creators: name: Miskowiec, Dariusz
name: Braun-Munzinger, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Nd:YAG laser was used to simulate charged particle tracks at known positions in the CERES Time Projection Chamber at the CERN SPS. The system was primarily developed to study the response of the readout electronics and to calibrate the electron drift velocity. Further applications were the determination of the gating grid transparency, the chamber position calibration, and long-term monitoring of drift properties of the gas in the detector.
description: 28 pages, 26 figures; reference to the TPC preprint updated
Exploring AI futures through role play
Creators: name: Avin, S
name: Gruetzemacher, R
name: Fox, J
Publisher: name: ACM
Year: 2020
Subjects: 46 Information and Computing Sciences
4608 Human-Centred Computing
8.3 Policy, ethics, and research governance
Generic health relevance

description: We present an innovative methodology for studying and teaching the impacts of AI through a role play game. The game serves two primary purposes: 1) training AI developers and AI policy professionals to reflect on and prepare for future social and ethical challenges related to AI and 2) exploring possible futures involving AI technology development, deployment, social impacts, and governance. While the game currently focuses on the inter relations between short --, mid and long term impacts of AI, it has potential to be adapted for a broad range of scenarios, exploring in greater depths issues of AI policy research and affording training within organizations. The game presented here has undergone two years of development and has been tested through over 30 events involving between 3 and 70 participants. The game is under active development, but preliminary findings suggest that role play is a promising methodology for both exploring AI futures and training individuals and organizations in thinking about, and reflecting on, the impacts of AI and strategic mistakes that can be avoided today.
The winter ecology of juvenile coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch) in interior British Columbia streams
Creators: name: Bratty, Jessica Margaret
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: I investigated seasonal patterns in habitat related movement, distribution and abundance of juvenile coho salmon in two interior British Columbia streams, and in particular, used individual and categorical marks to examine how size-dependent overwinter growth and survival relate to freshwater production. Counter to results from coastal streams, I found no evidence of autumnal movement into off-channel areas or other sites considered favourable winter habitat. Abundance in these habitat types remained relatively constant throughout both years indicating juveniles utilized refuge areas year-round, not just during winter. During a year when overall juvenile abundance was relatively high, the proportion of both fall and post-winter standing stock found in off-channels was comparable to the availability of this habitat in the streams (~ 20 %). However, during a year when juvenile production was likely limited by spawner abundance, off-channels accounted for much higher proportions (~ 55 %) of estimated standing stock. These habitat types may therefore be particularly important to coho production when spawning stocks are low. Results suggested relatively short, low gradient streams on the North Thompson River floodplain may contribute much more to regional coho production than previously recognized, and counter to some suggestions, adequately seeded interior systems may exhibit production levels comparable to those of coastal streams (~ 0.2 to 0.4 smolts-m⁻²). Investigations of size-dependent growth and survival differed from some previous studies. Smaller juveniles grew more during the winter than their larger conspecifics, and differences in specific growth rate were greater than predicted from an allometric model. Greater overwinter growth by smaller fish may have been driven by selective pressure for individuals to attain a certain threshold smolt size. However, in a cold stream with relatively unfavourable winter growth conditions, the smallest juveniles grew the least overwinter, indicating that in some situations it may be favourable for fish to delay smolting and spend an additional year in freshwater. Counter to some previous studies, there was no consistent evidence of size-related overwinter survival, and higher winter growth rates by small juveniles were not associated with decreased overwinter survival. Fall location appeared to explain more of the variation in overwinter survival than initial fish size, and in one year, juveniles in off-channels exhibited both higher recapture probabilities and growth rates than fish in mainstem areas. Results from this study indicate an existing production model based on a positive size-dependent survival function may not be applicable in interior streams.
Sourced fluctuations in generic slow contraction
Creators: name: Artymowski, Michał
name: Ben-Dayan, Ido
name: Thattarampilly, Udaykrishna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a set of generic conditions for the slow contracting Universe and for a narrowed-down category of models called fast-roll models. We present general conditions for super horizon freeze-out of scalar and tensor perturbations and show that any fast-roll model satisfies them, as in the case of inflation. We are interested in the "Sourced Bounce" scenario, where perturbations are sourced by a $U(1)$ gauge field coupled to a bouncer scalar field. The requirement of a slightly red tilted scalar spectrum greatly restricts the allowed couplings between the scalar and the gauge field. We show that a viable slightly red scalar spectrum is achievable. However, within the fast-roll approximation, the tensor-to-scalar ratio is in general $r\simeq 1/9$, inconsistent with current observations. We demonstrate the general result with an explicit example we dub "Intermediate contraction". We prove that small modifications in fast-roll that do not alter the Green's functions do not result in $r<0.06$ consistent with the data for more than an e-fold. Hence, a successful "Sourced Bounce" requires a different source or a significant deviation from fast-roll.
description: This version matches the Published version of this article. We have added an extended discussion on irrelevance of sub horizon modes
Multiplicity fluctuations in the string clustering approach
Creators: name: Cunqueiro, L.
name: Ferreiro, E. G.
name: del Moral, F.
name: Pajares, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present our results on multiplicity fluctuations in the framework of the string clustering approach. We compare our results --with and without clustering formation-- with CERN SPS NA49 data. We find a non-monotonic behaviour of these fluctuations as a function of the collision centrality, which has the same origin as the observed fluctuations of transverse momentum: the correlations between the produced particles due to the cluster formation.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, revtex
Skill-driven Recommendations for Job Transition Pathways
Creators: name: Dawson, Nikolas
name: Williams, Mary-Anne
name: Rizoiu, Marian-Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Job security can never be taken for granted, especially in times of rapid, widespread and unexpected social and economic change. These changes can force workers to transition to new jobs. This may be because new technologies emerge or production is moved abroad. Perhaps it is a global crisis, such as COVID-19, which shutters industries and displaces labor en masse. Regardless of the impetus, people are faced with the challenge of moving between jobs to find new work. Successful transitions typically occur when workers leverage their existing skills in the new occupation. Here, we propose a novel method to measure the similarity between occupations using their underlying skills. We then build a recommender system for identifying optimal transition pathways between occupations using job advertisements (ads) data and a longitudinal household survey. Our results show that not only can we accurately predict occupational transitions (Accuracy = 76%), but we account for the asymmetric difficulties of moving between jobs (it is easier to move in one direction than the other). We also build an early warning indicator for new technology adoption (showcasing Artificial Intelligence), a major driver of rising job transitions. By using real-time data, our systems can respond to labor demand shifts as they occur (such as those caused by COVID-19). They can be leveraged by policy-makers, educators, and job seekers who are forced to confront the often distressing challenges of finding new jobs.
Fractal Spacetime Structure in Asymptotically Safe Gravity
Creators: name: Lauscher, O.
name: Reuter, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Four-dimensional Quantum Einstein Gravity (QEG) is likely to be an asymptotically safe theory which is applicable at arbitrarily small distance scales. On sub-Planckian distances it predicts that spacetime is a fractal with an effective dimensionality of 2. The original argument leading to this result was based upon the anomalous dimension of Newton's constant. In the present paper we demonstrate that also the spectral dimension equals 2 microscopically, while it is equal to 4 on macroscopic scales. This result is an exact consequence of asymptotic safety and does not rely on any truncation. Contact is made with recent Monte Carlo simulations.
description: 20 pages, latex