cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Role of the equatorial Pacific SST forecast error in the late winter California precipitation forecast for the 2015-16 El Niño
Creators: name: Jong, Bor-Ting
name: Ting, Mingfang
name: Seager, Richard
name: Henderson, Naomi L.
name: Lee, Dong Eun
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Teleconnections (Climatology)
Ocean temperature
Precipitation forecasting
Climatic changes

description: During the strong 2015/16 El Niño, only normal to below-average precipitation fell across California in the late winter. This disagrees with both predictions by the ensemble mean of forecast models and expectations for strong El Niños. The authors examine one of the possible reasons why this event did not bring expected precipitation to California in the late winter. The maximum equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) were located, compared to the 1982/83 and 1997/98 strong El Niños, farther to the west in the 2015/16 winter, which possibly caused less convection in the eastern tropical Pacific and shifted the teleconnection patterns westward in the North Pacific, thus weakening the influences on California. The SSTA and precipitation forecast for February–April 2016, based on the North American Multimodel Ensemble, showed large discrepancies from observations, with the ensemble mean of most of the models overestimating SSTAs in the eastern tropical Pacific and California precipitation. Atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the warmer eastern tropical Pacific SSTA forecast may have caused the wetter forecast in California in 2015/16 compared to observations. The AGCM experiments suggest it is difficult to assert that the eastern tropical Pacific SSTAs caused the too-wet California precipitation forecast, especially in Southern California, given that the models disagree. Results indicate forecast error can be influenced by atmosphere-model sensitivity to forecast SSTs, but they also indicate atmospheric internal variability may have been responsible for the combination of a strong El Niño and near-normal California precipitation.
Spectral Variation of the Hard X-ray Emission from the Crab Nebula with the Suzaku Hard X-ray Detector
Creators: name: Kouzu, Tomomi
name: Tashiro, Makoto S.
name: Terada, Yukikatsu
name: Yamada, Shin'ya
name: Bamba, Aya
name: Enoto, Teruaki
name: Mori, Koji
name: Fukazawa, Yasushi
name: Makishima, Kazuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Crab Nebula is one of the brightest and most stable sources in the X-ray sky. Year-scale flux variation from the object was recently revealed in the hard X-ray band by four satellites. This marked the first detection of year-scale variability from pulsar wind nebulae in the hard X-ray band. The Crab Nebula has been observed at least once a year for calibration purposes with the Suzaku Hard X-ray Detector (HXD) since its launch in 2005. In order to investigate possible spectral changes as well as flux variation, the archival data of the HXD were analyzed. The flux variation reported by other instruments was confirmed in the 25 -- 100 keV band by the HXD in a few percent level, but flux above 100 keV did not follow the trend in variation below 100 keV. The hardness ratios produced utilizing the PIN and GSO sensors installed in the HXD exhibit significant scattering, thereby indicating spectral variations in the hard X-ray. The spectral changes are quantified by spectral fitting with a broken power-law model. The difference between the two photon indexes of the broken power-law model in harder and softer energy bands is in the range of < 2.54. Taking into account flux variation of 6.3% and spectral variation time-scale of a few days, multi components of the broken power-law-shaped synchrotron emission with different cooling times are suggested.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, PASJ accepted
Trans-Pacific ENSO teleconnections pose a correlated risk to agriculture
Creators: name: Anderson, Weston B.
name: Seager, Richard
name: Baethgen, Walter E.
name: Cane, Mark A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Southern oscillation
Teleconnections (Climatology)
Crop yields
Food security
Climatic changes

description: The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major source of interannual climate variability. ENSO life cycles and the associated teleconnections evolve over multiple years at a global scale. This analysis is the first attempt to characterize the structure of the risk posed by trans-Pacific ENSO teleconnections to crop production in the greater Pacific Basin region. In this analysis we identify the large-scale atmospheric dynamics of ENSO teleconnections that affect heat and moisture stress during the growing seasons of maize, wheat and soy. We propose a coherent framework for understanding how trans-Pacific ENSO teleconnections pose a correlated risk to crop yields in major agricultural belts of the Americas, Australia and China over the course of an ENSO life cycle by using observations and a multi-model ensemble of climate anomalies during crop flowering seasons. Trans-Pacific ENSO teleconnections are often (but not always) offsetting between major producing regions in the Americas and those in northern China or Australia. El Niños tend to create good maize and soybean growing conditions in the US and southeast South America, but poor growing conditions in northern China, southern Mexico and the Cerrado in Brazil. The opposite is true during La Niña. Wheat growing conditions in southeast South America generally have the opposite sign of those in Australia. Furthermore, multi-year La Niñas can force multi-year growing season anomalies in Argentina and Australia. Most ENSO teleconnections relevant for crop flowering seasons are the result of a single trans-Pacific circulation anomaly that develops in boreal summer and persists through the following spring. During the late summer and early fall of a developing ENSO event, the tropical Pacific forces an atmospheric anomaly in the northern midlatitudes that spans the Pacific from northern China to North America and in the southern midlatitudes from Australia to southeast South America. This anomaly directly links the soybean and maize growing seasons of the US, Mexico and China and the wheat growing seasons of Argentina, southern Brazil and Australia. The ENSO event peaks in boreal winter, when the atmospheric circulation anomalies intensify and affect maize and soybeans in southeast South America. As the event decays, the ENSO-induced circulation anomalies persist through the wheat flowering seasons in China and the US.
The role of the stratosphere in future mid-latitude climate projections
Creators: name: Simpson, Isla R.
name: Hitchcock, Peter
name: Seager, Richard
name: Wu, Yutian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Atmospheric circulation
Stratospheric circulation
Stratosphere
Climatic changes

description: One of the greatest uncertainties when it comes to future projections of regional climate is how the large-scale atmospheric circulation will change (Shepherd 2014). While there is a general consensus among models on a zonal mean poleward shifting of the mid-latitude westerlies and associated storm tracks (Yin 2005; Kidston and Gerber 2010; Chang et al. 2012; Swart and Fyfe 2012; Wilcox et al. 2012; Barnes and Polvani 2013), there is a large spread in the magnitude of this response. In addition to this zonal mean, poleward shifting view, there are more localized changes in the circulation associated with altered stationary wave patterns (Stephenson and Held 1993; Joseph et al. 2004; Simpson et al. 2014). For many of these predicted changes, we do not have a good physical understanding of the mechanisms that produce them, or the factors that govern their uncertainty. The stratosphere and how it is expected to change in the future is one source of uncertainty, among many, in future tropospheric mid-latitude circulation change. There are a variety of ways in which the stratosphere’s mean state, variability and composition may impact on tropospheric climate change. Instead of providing an exhaustive review of this topic, we focus on the role of changes in the extra-tropical mean state of the stratosphere in future projections of tropospheric mid-latitude climate by considering two particular aspects. For the Northern Hemisphere we discuss the impact of uncertainty in future changes in the stratospheric polar vortex on tropospheric climate change. For the Southern Hemisphere we discuss the relative roles of stratospheric ozone depletion and changing greenhouse gas concentrations on the future evolution of the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude jet stream.
Leptonic commutators and clean T violation in neutrino oscillations
Creators: name: Xing, Zhi-zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A realistic medium- or long-baseline neutrino experiment may suffer from terrestrial matter effects which are likely to contaminate the genuine T-violating asymmetry between ν_α\to ν_βand ν_β\to ν_αoscillations. With the help of the commutators of lepton mass matrices in matter, we show that this kind of contamination is negligible for a variety of experiments provided the neutrino beam energy E and the baseline length L satisfy the condition 10^{-7} (L/km)^2 (GeV/E) << 1. The same observation is true for the CP-violating term of the asymmetry between ν_α\to ν_βand \barν_α\to \barν_βoscillations in matter.
description: LaTeX 7 pages. More discussions added. Accepted for publication in PRD
SCIM MILQ: An HPC Quantum Scheduler
Creators: name: Seitz, Philipp
name: Geiger, Manuel
name: Ufrecht, Christian
name: Plinge, Axel
name: Mutschler, Christopher
name: Scherer, Daniel D.
name: Mendl, Christian B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the increasing sophistication and capability of quantum hardware, its integration, and employment in high performance computing (HPC) infrastructure becomes relevant. This opens largely unexplored access models and scheduling questions in such quantum-classical computing environments, going beyond the current cloud access model. SCIM MILQ is a scheduler for quantum tasks in HPC infrastructure. It combines well-established scheduling techniques with methods unique to quantum computing, such as circuit cutting. SCIM MILQ can schedule tasks while minimizing the makespan, i.e., the time that elapses from the start of work to the end, improving on average by 25%. Additionally, it reduces the noise in the circuit by up to 10%, increasing the outcome's reliability. We compare it against an existing baseline and show its viability in an HPC environment.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables, 1 algorithm, submission to Quantum Week 2024
Dynamics and Variability of the Spring Dry Season in the United States Southwest as Observed in AmeriFlux and NLDAS-2 Data
Creators: name: Pascolini-Campbell, Madeleine Anne
name: Seager, Richard
name: Williams, A. Park
name: Cook, Benjamin I.
name: Pinson, Ariane
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Spring
Hydrology
Atmospheric temperature
Climatic changes

description: The spring dry season occurring in an arid region of the southwestern United States, which receives both winter storm track and summer monsoon precipitation, is investigated. Bimodal precipitation and vegetation growth provide an opportunity to assess multiple climate mechanisms and their impact on hydroclimate and ecosystems. We detect multiple shifts from wet to drier conditions in the observational record and land surface model output. Focusing on the recent dry period, a shift in the late 1990s resulted in earlier and greater spring soil moisture draw down, and later and reduced spring vegetation green-up, compared to a prior wet period (1979–97). A simple soil moisture balance model shows this shift is driven by changes in winter precipitation. The recent post-1999 dry period and an earlier one from 1948 to 1966 are both related to the cool tropics phase of Pacific decadal variability, which influences winter precipitation. In agreement with other studies for the southwestern United States, we find the recent drought cannot be explained in terms of precipitation alone, but also is due to the rising influence of temperature, thus highlighting the sensitivity of this region to warming temperatures. Future changes in the spring dry season will therefore be affected by how tropical decadal variability evolves, and also by emerging trends due to human-driven warming.
Climate Variability and Change in Western U.S. Rangelands
Creators: name: Greene, Arthur M.
name: Seager, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Rangelands
Grazing
Climatic changes
Hydrology

description: We examine variability and change components of precipitation and minimum and maximum daily temperatures, and the derived variables potential evapotranspiration (PET) and the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), over rangelands in the region 30-50N, 100- 125W. We focus on areas administered by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), with a view toward understanding how future climate variations may affect ecosystems, and ultimately, grazing on these lands. Based on an analysis of the annual precipitation cycle we adopt a three-season partition for the year, classifying land areas by season of maximum precipitation; this yields a coherent subregional map. Masking with a combined BLM/BIA footprint, we find that in all subregions both tmin and tmax have increased in response to anthropogenic forcing, the rate being generally greater for tmax. Significant precipitation trends are not detected, whereas PET exhibits significant upward trends in all regions. While PET-normalized precipitation, as well as PDSI, do not exhibit significant trends individually (by variable and region), the fact that most trend downward nevertheless suggests a systematic drying. We conclude that temperature constitutes the principal detectable control on hydroclimatic changes in rangelands within the study area. Although ecosystem responses may be complex, future temperature increases are expected generally to reduce soil water availability. The unforced component of variability is investigated with respect to several key climate indices on both interannual and decadal time scales.
Probing top anomalous couplings at the LHC with trilepton signatures in the single top mode
Creators: name: Agram, Jean-Laurent
name: Andrea, Jeremy
name: Conte, Eric
name: Fuks, Benjamin
name: Gelé, Denis
name: Lansonneur, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate trilepton final states to probe top anomalous couplings at the Large Hadron Collider. We focus on events originating from the associated production of a single top quark with a Z-boson, a channel sensitive to several flavor-changing neutral interactions of top and up/charm quarks. In particular, we explore a way to access simultaneously their anomalous couplings to Z-bosons and gluons and derive the discovery potential of trilepton final states to such interactions with 20 fb-1 of 8 TeV collisions. We show that effective coupling strengths of O(0.1-1) TeV-1 can be reached. Equivalently, branching fractions of top quarks into lighter quarks and gluons or Z-bosons can be constrained to be below O(0.1-1)%.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; version accepted by PLB
Divergent Regional Climate Consequences of Maintaining Current Irrigation Rates in the 21st Century
Creators: name: Cook, Benjamin I.
name: McDermid, Sonali
name: Puma, Michael
name: Williams, A. Park
name: Seager, Richard
name: Kelley, Maxwell
name: Nazarenko, Larissa S.
name: Aleinov, Igor D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Land use
Irrigation
Irrigation farming--Climatic factors
Greenhouse gases--Environmental aspects
Climatic changes

description: There is strong evidence that the expansion and intensification of irrigation over the twentieth century has affected climate in many regions. However, it remains uncertain if these irrigation effects, including buffered warming trends, will weaken or persist under future climate change conditions. Using a 20-member climate model ensemble simulation, we demonstrate that irrigation will continue to attenuate greenhouse gas-forced warming and soil moisture drying in many regions over the 21st century, including Mexico, the Mediterranean, Southwest Asia, and China. Notably, this occurs without any further expansion or intensification of irrigation beyond current levels, even while greenhouse gas forcing steadily increases. However, the magnitude and significance of these moderating irrigation effects vary across regions and are highly sensitive to the background climate state and the degree to which evapotranspiration is supply (moisture) versus demand (energy) limited. Further, limitations on water and land availability may restrict our ability to maintain modern irrigation rates into the future. Nevertheless, it is likely that irrigation, alongside other components of intensive land management, will continue to strongly modulate regional climate impacts in the future. Irrigation should therefore be considered in conjunction with other key regional anthropogenic forcings (e.g., land cover change and aerosols) when investigating the local manifestation of global climate drivers (e.g., greenhouse gases) in model projections.
Thermal Area Law in Long-Range Interacting Systems
Creators: name: Kim, Donghoon
name: Kuwahara, Tomotaka
name: Saito, Keiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The area law of the bipartite information measure characterizes one of the most fundamental aspects of quantum many-body physics. In thermal equilibrium, the area law for the mutual information universally holds at arbitrary temperatures as long as the systems have short-range interactions. In systems with power-law decaying interactions, $r^{-α}$ ($r$: distance), conditions for the thermal area law are elusive. In this work, we aim to clarify the optimal condition $α> α_c$ such that the thermal area law universally holds. A standard approach to considering the conditions is to focus on the magnitude of the boundary interaction between two subsystems. However, we find here that the thermal area law is more robust than this conventional argument suggests. We show the optimal threshold for the thermal area law by $α_c= (D+1)/2$ ($D$: the spatial dimension of the lattice), assuming a power-law decay of the clustering for the bipartite correlations. Remarkably, this condition encompasses even the thermodynamically unstable regimes $α< D$. We verify this condition numerically, finding that it is qualitatively accurate for both integrable and non-integrable systems. Unconditional proof of the thermal area law is possible by developing the power-law clustering theorem for $α> D$ above a threshold temperature. Furthermore, the numerical calculation for the logarithmic negativity shows that the same criterion $α> (D+1)/2$ applies to the thermal area law for quantum entanglement.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures
Quantifying atmosphere and ocean origins of North American precipitation variability. Climate Dynamics
Creators: name: Zhang, Honghai
name: Seager, Richard
name: He, Jie
name: Diao, Hansheng
name: Pascale, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Atmospheric circulation
Ocean-atmosphere interaction
Precipitation variability

description: How atmospheric and oceanic processes control North American precipitation variability has been extensively investigated, and yet debates remain. Here we address this question in a 50 km-resolution fux-adjusted global climate model. The high spatial resolution and fux adjustment greatly improve the model’s ability to realistically simulate North American precipitation, the relevant tropical and midlatitude variability and their teleconnections. Comparing two millennium-long simulations with and without an interactive ocean, we fnd that the leading modes of North American precipitation variability on seasonal and longer timescales exhibit nearly identical spatial and spectral characteristics, explained fraction of total variance and associated atmospheric circulation. This fnding suggests that these leading modes arise from internal atmospheric dynamics and atmosphere-land coupling. However, in the fully coupled simulation, North American precipitation variability still correlates signifcantly with tropical ocean variability, consistent with observations and prior literature. We fnd that tropical ocean variability does not create its own type of atmospheric variability but excites internal atmospheric modes of variability in midlatitudes. This oceanic impact on North American precipitation is secondary to atmospheric impacts based on correlation. However, relative to the simulation without an interactive ocean, the fully coupled simulation amplifes precipitation variance over southwest North America (SWNA) during late spring to summer by up to 90%. The amplifcation is caused by a stronger variability in atmospheric moisture content that is attributed to tropical Pacifc sea surface temperature variability. Enhanced atmospheric moisture variations over the tropical Pacifc are transported by seasonal mean southwesterly winds into SWNA, resulting in larger precipitation variance
Computing the interaction of light pulses with objects moving at relativistic speeds
Creators: name: Vavilin, Maxim
name: Mazo-Vásquez, Juan Diego
name: Fernandez-Corbaton, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction of light with short light pulses is relevant in optical traps, optical tweezers, and many other applications. The theoretical description of such polychromatic light-matter interaction is challenging, and more so when the object is moving with respect to the light source, albeit with constant speed. Light sails are futuristic examples where such speed should reach the relativistic regime. In here, we provide a methodology for the theoretical and numerical analysis of the interaction of light pulses with objects moving with constant speed. The methodology allows one, in particular, to readily compute the transfer of fundamental quantities such as energy and momentum from the light pulse to the object. As an example, we compute the transfer of energy and momentum between a given pulse and a silicon sphere moving at relativistic speeds. The methodology, however, is valid for generic pulses and objects. Particularizing the equations to the case of zero speed allows one to treat static or quasi-static objects. The method is based on the polychromatic T-matrix formalism, which leverages the many publicly available resources for computing T-matrices.
Data Visualization, Dashboards, and Evidence Use in Schools: Data Collaborative Workshop Perspectives of Educators, Researchers, and Data Scientists
Creators: name: Bowers, Alex J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Visualization--Data processing
Data curation
Teaching

description: Educators globally are continually encouraged to use data to inform instructional improvement in schools, yet while there have been many recent innovations in data visualization and data science, educators are rarely included in dashboard co-design. On December 5 and 6, 2019, the Education Data Analytics Collaborative Workshop was held at Teachers College, Columbia University in New York City with approximately 80 participants. This workshop was part of the final phase of the collaborative National Science Foundation funded research project (#1560720) "Building Community and Capacity for Data-Intensive Evidence-Based Decision Making in Schools and Districts", a research practice partnership (RPP) on data use and evidence-based improvement cycles in collaboration with Nassau County Long Island BOCES (Board of Cooperative Education Services) and their 56 school districts in Nassau County Long Island, New York, USA. This edited book details the results from the workshop through 28 chapters from authors who were attendees, including educators, data scientists, and researchers. We aimed to achieve three goals through a collaborative workshop: (a) to bring educators together with data scientists in collaborative co-design to build conversation, workflows, visualizations, and pilot code; (b) to train educators and data scientists around data use in schools using the current data systems available and focusing on educator problems of practice; and (c) to publish open-access code as well as educator perceptions of this intersection of data use, visualization, and education data science to inform evidence-based improvement cycles for instructional improvement in schools.
Full 1-loop calculation of BR$(B_{s,d}^0\to \ell \bar \ell)$ in models beyond the MSSM with SARAH and SPheno
Creators: name: Dreiner, H.
name: Nickel, K.
name: Porod, W.
name: Staub, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the possibility of calculating the quark flavor changing neutral current decays $B_{s}^0\to \ell \bar \ell$ and $B_{d}^0\to \ell \bar \ell$ for a large variety of supersymmetric models. For this purpose, the complete one-loop calculation has been implemented in a generic form in the Mathematica package SARAH. This information is used by SARAH to generate Fortran source code for SPheno for a numerical evaluation of these processes in a given model. We comment also on the possibility to use this setup for non-supersymmetric models.
description: v3: fixed title v2: extended discussion of input parameters and support of FLHA; new appendix about massless limits of loop functions. Matches version accepted for publication by CPC
Effect of Electro-Osmotic Flow on Energy Conversion on Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Creators: name: Seshadri, Gowrishankar
name: Baier, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been suggested that superhydrophobic surfaces, due to the presence of a no-shear zone, can greatly enhance transport of surface charges, leading to a considerable increase in the streaming potential. This could find potential use in micro-energy harvesting devices. In this paper, we show using analytical and numerical methods, that when a streaming potential is generated in such superhydrophobic geometries, the reverse electro-osmotic flow and hence current generated by this, is significant. A decrease in streaming potential compared to what was earlier predicted is expected. We also show that, due to the electro-osmotic streaming-current, a saturation in both the power extracted and efficiency of energy conversion is achieved in such systems for large values of the free surface charge densities. Nevertheless, under realistic conditions, such microstructured devices with superhydrophobic surfaces have the potential to even reach energy conversion efficiencies only achieved in nanostructured devices so far.
Extensions of Lorentzian spacetime geometry: From Finsler to Cartan and vice versa
Creators: name: Hohmann, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83D05

description: We briefly review two recently developed extensions of the Lorentzian geometry of spacetime and prove that they are in fact closely related. The first is the concept of observer space, which generalizes the space of Lorentzian observers, i.e., future unit timelike vectors, using Cartan geometry. The second is the concept of Finsler spacetimes, which generalizes the Lorentzian metric of general relativity to an observer-dependent Finsler metric. We show that every Finsler spacetime possesses a well-defined observer space that can naturally be equipped with a Cartan geometry. Conversely, we derive conditions under which a Cartan geometry on observer space gives rise to a Finsler spacetime. We further show that these two constructions complement each other. We finally apply our constructions to two gravity theories, MacDowell-Mansouri gravity on observer space and Finsler gravity, and translate their actions from one geometry to the other.
description: 33 pages, no figures, journal version
Comparison Between the IPCC Reporting Framework and Country Practice
Creators: name: Chen, Jiarui
name: Brauch, Martin Dietrich
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Climatic changes--Government policy
Greenhouse gases--Government policy

description: This study examines national GHG inventories prepared by Australia, China, Germany, Japan, and the United States, and highlights how the inventories of different countries—though following the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories—reflect different choices of GHG accounting methodologies and approaches, emission factors, and categories and gases reported. These choices, allowed under the IPCC Guidelines, result in significant differences in reported GHG emissions, reinforcing the case for adopting a harmonized GHG accounting framework.
Comment on "Magnetotransport through graphene spin valves" and its following works
Creators: name: Zhou, Y.
name: Wu, M. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the key formula in the works [Ding, Zhu, and Berakdar, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 79}, 045405 (2009); {\bf 84}, 115433 (2011); Ding, Zhu, Zhang, and Berakdar, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 82}, 155143 (2010)] is invalid in the extended graphene system they investigated. The correct formalism in the extended infinite system is also presented in this comment.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure, to be published in PRB
Guide on incentives for responsible investment in agriculture and food systems
Creators: name: Bulman, Anna
name: Cordes, Kaitlin Y.
name: Mehranvar, Ladan
name: Merrill, Ella Nora
name: Fiedler, Yannick
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Land use
Food supply
Agricultural administration

description: This guide aims to provide policymakers and government technical staff with guidance on how investment incentives can be used (and how they should not be used) to enhance responsible investment in agriculture and food systems. The guide identifies key policy challenges associated with investment incentives, and offers guidance on how to design, implement, monitor, and evaluate investment incentives that are aligned with national development priorities and that contribute to the realisation of the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. By focusing on the full ambit of investors—domestic and foreign, small-, mid- and large-scale—the guide provides a unique contribution regarding the use of incentives for responsible investment. The guide covers the following: • Part I explains what responsible investment in agriculture and food systems is and who the key stakeholders are, as a starting point for understanding how incentives may be used in this context. • Part II provides an overview of investment incentives and discusses some of the most common types of incentives used. • Part III offers general considerations on how incentives can be used—as well as how they should not be used—to improve the quality and quantity of responsible investment in agriculture and food systems. • Part IV discusses how to plan for, design, monitor, and evaluate investment incentives for responsible investment in agriculture and food systems.
On the nature of the red, 2MASS selected AGN in the local Universe I: an optical spectroscopic study
Creators: name: Rose, Marvin
name: Tadhunter, Clive
name: Holt, Joanna
name: Zaurín, Javier Rodríguez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present optical spectra for a representative sample of 27 nearby (z < 0.2) 2MASS-selected AGN with red near-IR colours (J-K 2.0). The spectra were taken with the ISIS spectrograph on the WHT with the aim of determining the nature of the red 2MASS AGN, in particular whether they are young quasars obscured by their natal cocoon of gas and dust. We compare our findings with those obtained for comparison samples of PG quasars and unobscured type 1 AGN. The spectra show a remarkable variety, including moderately reddened type 1 objects (45%), type 1 objects that appear similar to traditional UV/optical selected AGN (11%), narrow-line Seyfert 1 AGN (15%), type 2 AGN (22%) and HII/composite objects (7%). The high Balmer decrements that we measure in many of the type 1 objects are consistent with their red J-KS colours being due to moderate levels of dust extinction (0.2 < E(B-V) < 1.2). However, we measure only modest velocity shifts and widths for the broader [OIII]λ5007 emission line components that are similar to those measured in the comparison samples. This suggests that the outflows in the red 2MASS objects are not unusual compared with those of optical/UV selected AGN of similar luminosity. In addition, the Eddington ratios for the 2MASS sample are relatively modest. Overall, based on their optical spectra, we find no clear evidence that the population of red, 2MASS selected AGN at low redshifts represents young quasars. Most plausibly, these objects are normal type 1 AGN that are moderately obscured by material in the outer layers of the circum-nuclear tori or in the disks of the host galaxies.
description: 30 pages, 22 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS
The Fair Value Option as an Accounting Policy on Income Smoothing: Evidence from Risk-Related Incentives in Executive Compensation
Creators: name: Tai, Chia-Wei
name: Chen, Weitzu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 350103
subject: Financial accounting
classificationCode: 350202
subject: Finance

description: Because risk-related incentives urge managers to make riskier investment decisions, leading to unexpected earnings volatility, managers tend to smooth income by avoiding unanticipated economic consequences. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 159 allows firms to measure financial instruments at fair value and effectively reduces earnings volatility. This study provides evidence that the risk-related incentive motivates bank managers to elect the fair value option as an income-smoothing accounting policy even though managers do consider characteristics of financial instruments when selecting specific instruments. Empirical findings imply that banks conform to SFAS 159’s intention when they choose an accounting policy.
COVID-19 and Land-based Investment: Changing Landscapes
Creators: name: Marsac, Clarisse
name: Jacobs, Nathaniah
name: Mebratu-Tsegaye, Tehtena
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: COVID-19 (Disease)
Land use--Government policy

description: Building on earlier work by IIED and CCSI, this report reflects on select COVID-related developments that may result in longer-term shifts relevant to land-based investments in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Our objectives are two-fold. In the short term, monitoring developments can support more effective interventions that anticipate and respond to impacts on the governance of land-based investments. In the medium to longer term, analyzing developments can inform efforts to support inclusive post-COVID-19 economic recovery strategies in low- and middle-income countries. The report draws on our efforts to monitor developments that affect the governance of land-based investments in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Building on a conceptual framework, we tracked developments at three broad levels: • changes in the overall political economy context, • changes in governance systems and regulatory frameworks related to land-based investments, and • developments related to specific land-based investments.
Heavy Quarkonium moving in a Quark-Gluon Plasma
Creators: name: Escobedo, Miguel Angel
name: Giannuzzi, Floriana
name: Mannarelli, Massimo
name: Soto, Joan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By means of effective field theory techniques, we study the modifications of some properties of weakly coupled heavy quarkonium states propagating through a quark-gluon plasma at temperatures much smaller than the heavy quark mass, m_Q. Two different cases are considered, corresponding to two different hierarchies between the typical size of the bound state, r, the binding energy, E, the temperature, T, and the screening mass, m_D. The first case corresponds to the hierarchy m_Q >> 1/r >> T >> E >> m_D, relevant for moderate temperatures, and the second one to the hierarchy m_Q >> T >> 1/r, m_D >> E, relevant for studying the dissociation mechanism. In the first case we determine the perturbative correction to the binding energy and to the decay width of states with arbitrary angular momentum, finding that the width is a decreasing function of the velocity. A different behavior characterizes the second kinematical case, being the width of s-wave states a non-monotonic function of the velocity, increasing at moderate velocities and decreasing in the ultra-relativistic limit. We obtain a simple analytical expression of the decay width for T >> 1/r >> m_D >> E at moderate velocities, and we derive the s-wave spectral function for the more general case T >> 1/r, m_D >> E. A brief discussion of the possible experimental signatures as well as a comparison with the relevant lattice data are also presented.
description: Published version, title changed and improved bibliography, 21 pages. 8 figures
I AM! Black Women Healing From Generational Trauma
Creators: name: Fortune, Monique
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Psychology and religion
Black theology
Womanist theology
Womanism
Psychic trauma

description: I AM! Black Women Healing From Generational Trauma manifests into a choreopoem that recognizes the generational trauma and celebrates the sacred spiritual bonds of Black women of the African diaspora. The purpose of this choreopoem is to utilize the art forms of poetry and dance to acknowledge the internal oppression, pain and violence Black women experience in intrapersonal and generational ways. The choreopoem will also serve as a vehicle for personal and collective healing opportunities. The accompanying research paper explains the womanist and theological influences that gave rise to the creation of the choreopoem - Black Women!: Healing from Generational Trauma. The research paper that accompanies the project will examine the psychological, emotional, spiritual and theological issues that impact Black women’s generational trauma. As a womanist, educator, minister and poet, I lean into the artistic influences of Ntozake Shange, George C. Wolfe, Gwendolyn Brooks, Genesis B., Erykah Badu, Ruby Dee, Toni Morrison, Rita Dove, Alice Walker, Augusta Savage, Varnette Honeywood, Urban Bush Women, Miriam Makeba, Forces of Nature Dance troupe and other artists and creative forces who have provided profound life-giving insights about the powers of Black women spirituality, sexuality, vulnerability and communal connections.
Study of the stall-spin phenomena using analysis and interactive 3-D graphics
Creators: name: Dubois, Pascale C.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1986
Subjects: 3-D
Aeronautics
Stall-Spin

description: The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the nonlinear stall-spin phenomenon through numerical analysis and interactive 3-D graphics.

The linear aerodynamic range was thoroughly examined for the NAVION, a light aviation aircraft. Nonlinear aerodynamic behavior was modeled by adding nonlinearities to the lift, pitching and rolling moments. The results of this analysis are promising; however, a more sophisticated model is needed to fully simulate the stall-spin phenomenon.

A graphic tool is described which allows the user to interact with the simulation process. This gives the user a "feel" for the dynamics of aircraft and effectively displays the characteristic features of the dynamic model.
Preliminary Market Analysis: Energy efficiency and flexibility in process industries
Creators: name: Crippa, Claudia
name: Folco, Giuliana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Energy and materials flexibility
Energy management
Sustainable planning
Energy efficiency
Waste heat recovery
Valorisation
Monitoring systems
Energy intensive industry
Energy and resource flexibility in highly energy intensive industries

description: This document provides the preliminary release of the market analysis foreseen in the framework of Task 11.1 (“Business Model Refinement and Business Plan Development”) of the BAMBOO project. The project addresses challenges related to energy and resource efficiency in 4 energy intensive industries: • Steel; • Petrochemicals; • Pulp & paper; • Minerals. through the development of 6 innovative technologies and processes allowing full industrial flexibility. These include: • Decision Support System (DSS) for flexibility management, demonstrated across sectors; • Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), demonstrated in petrochemicals; • High temperature heat pump, demonstrated in the steel sector; • Flame monitoring system, demonstrated in the steel sector; • Drying process for bio-sludge valorisation, demonstrated in pulp & paper; • Multifuel low-NOx burners, demonstrated in the mineral sector.
Hard ellipses: Equation of state, structure and self-diffusion
Creators: name: Xu, Wen-Sheng
name: Li, Yan-Wei
name: Sun, Zhao-Yan
name: An, Li-Jia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an event-driven molecular dynamics study for hard ellipses and assess the effects of aspect ratio and area fraction on their physical properties. For state points in the plane of aspect ratio (k=1-9) and area fraction (phi=0.01-0.8), we identify three different phases, including isotropic, plastic and nematic states. The equation of state (EOS) is shown for a wide range of aspect ratios and is compared with the scaled particle theory (SPT) for the isotropic states. We find that SPT provides a good description of the EOS for the isotropic phase of hard ellipses. At large fixed phi, the reduced pressure p increases with k in both the isotropic and the plastic phases, and interestingly, its dependence on k is rather weak in the nematic phase. We rationalize the thermodynamics of hard ellipses in terms of particle motions. The plastic crystal is shown to form for aspect ratios up to k=1.4, while appearance of the stable nematic phase starts approximately at k=3. We quantitatively determine the locations of the isotropic-plastic (I-P) transition and the isotropic-nematic (I-N) transition by analyzing the bond-orientation correlations and the angular correlations, respectively. As expected, the I-P transition point is found to increase with k, while a larger k leads to a smaller area fraction where the I-N transition takes place. Moreover, our simulations strongly support that the two-dimensional nematic phase in hard ellipses has only quasi-long-range orientational order. The self-diffusion of hard ellipses is further explored and connections are revealed between the structure and the self-diffusion. We discuss the relevance of our results to the glass transition in hard ellipses. Finally, the results of the isodiffusivity lines are evaluated for hard ellipses and we discuss the effect of spatial dimension on the diffusive dynamics of hard ellipsoidal particles.
description: 17 pages, 19 figures, J.Chem.Phys. 2013, in press
title: Poppy seeds in food: The content of opium alkaloid thebaine should be reduced as much as possible: BfR Opinion No 039/2018 of 7 December 2018
Creators: name: Bundesinstitut Für Risikobewertung
Publisher: name: Bundesbehörden und Einrichtungen im Geschäftsbereich des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL)
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 000

description: BfR-Stellungnahmen, vol. 2018, no. 039
The Critical Importance of Citizen Science Data
Creators: name: De Sherbinin, Alexander M.
name: Bowser, Anne
name: Chuang, Tyng-Ruey
name: Cooper, Caren
name: Danielsen, Finn
name: Edmunds, Rorie
name: Elias, Peter
name: Faustman, Elaine
name: Hultquist, Carolynne G.
name: Mondardini, Rosy
name: Popescu, Ioana
name: Shonowo, Adenike
name: Sivakumar, Kishore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Science--Citizen participation
Research--Data processing
Research--Information services

description: Citizen science is an important vehicle for democratizing science and promoting the goal of universal and equitable access to scientific data and information. Data generated by citizen science groups have become an increasingly important source for scientists, applied users and those pursuing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Citizen science data are used extensively in studies of biodiversity and pollution; crowdsourced data are being used by UN operational agencies for humanitarian activities; and citizen scientists are providing data relevant to monitoring the sustainable development goals (SDGs). This article provides an International Science Council (ISC) perspective on citizen science data generating activities in support of the 2030 Agenda and on needed improvements to the citizen science community's data stewardship practices for the benefit of science and society by presenting results of research undertaken by an ISC-sponsored Task Group.
Does Mapo Tofu Contain Coffee? Probing LLMs for Food-related Cultural Knowledge
Creators: name: Zhou, Li
name: Karidi, Taelin
name: Liu, Wanlong
name: Garneau, Nicolas
name: Cao, Yong
name: Chen, Wenyu
name: Li, Haizhou
name: Hershcovich, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent studies have highlighted the presence of cultural biases in Large Language Models (LLMs), yet often lack a robust methodology to dissect these phenomena comprehensively. Our work aims to bridge this gap by delving into the Food domain, a universally relevant yet culturally diverse aspect of human life. We introduce FmLAMA, a multilingual dataset centered on food-related cultural facts and variations in food practices. We analyze LLMs across various architectures and configurations, evaluating their performance in both monolingual and multilingual settings. By leveraging templates in six different languages, we investigate how LLMs interact with language-specific and cultural knowledge. Our findings reveal that (1) LLMs demonstrate a pronounced bias towards food knowledge prevalent in the United States; (2) Incorporating relevant cultural context significantly improves LLMs' ability to access cultural knowledge; (3) The efficacy of LLMs in capturing cultural nuances is highly dependent on the interplay between the probing language, the specific model architecture, and the cultural context in question. This research underscores the complexity of integrating cultural understanding into LLMs and emphasizes the importance of culturally diverse datasets to mitigate biases and enhance model performance across different cultural domains.
description: cultural bias analysis, cultural knowledge probing, large language models, cultural NLP; Accepted by NAACL2025