cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fidelity-Controllable Extreme Image Compression with Generative Adversarial Networks
Creators: name: Iwai, Shoma
name: Miyazaki, Tomo
name: Sugaya, Yoshihiro
name: Omachi, Shinichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a GAN-based image compression method working at extremely low bitrates below 0.1bpp. Most existing learned image compression methods suffer from blur at extremely low bitrates. Although GAN can help to reconstruct sharp images, there are two drawbacks. First, GAN makes training unstable. Second, the reconstructions often contain unpleasing noise or artifacts. To address both of the drawbacks, our method adopts two-stage training and network interpolation. The two-stage training is effective to stabilize the training. Moreover, the network interpolation utilizes the models in both stages and reduces undesirable noise and artifacts, while maintaining important edges. Hence, we can control the trade-off between perceptual quality and fidelity without re-training models. The experimental results show that our model can reconstruct high quality images. Furthermore, our user study confirms that our reconstructions are preferable to state-of-the-art GAN-based image compression model. The code will be available.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures
Hierarchical community structure in networks
Creators: name: Schaub, Michael T.
name: Li, Jiaze
name: Peel, Leto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modular and hierarchical community structures are pervasive in real-world complex systems. A great deal of effort has gone into trying to detect and study these structures. Important theoretical advances in the detection of modular have included identifying fundamental limits of detectability by formally defining community structure using probabilistic generative models. Detecting hierarchical community structure introduces additional challenges alongside those inherited from community detection. Here we present a theoretical study on hierarchical community structure in networks, which has thus far not received the same rigorous attention. We address the following questions: 1) How should we define a hierarchy of communities? 2) How do we determine if there is sufficient evidence of a hierarchical structure in a network? and 3) How can we detect hierarchical structure efficiently? We approach these questions by introducing a definition of hierarchy based on the concept of stochastic externally equitable partitions and their relation to probabilistic models, such as the popular stochastic block model. We enumerate the challenges involved in detecting hierarchies and, by studying the spectral properties of hierarchical structure, present an efficient and principled method for detecting them.
description: 25 pages, 14 figures
Surface bundles and the section conjecture
Creators: name: Li, Wanlin
name: Litt, Daniel
name: Salter, Nick
name: Srinivasan, Padmavathi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F35 (Primary) 14G05 (Secondary)

description: We formulate a tropical analogue of Grothendieck's section conjecture: that for every stable graph G of genus g>2, and every field k, the generic curve with reduction type G over k satisfies the section conjecture. We prove many cases of this conjecture. In so doing we produce many examples of curves satisfying the section conjecture over fields of geometric interest, and then over p-adic fields and number fields via a Chebotarev argument. We construct two Galois cohomology classes o_1 and o_2, which obstruct the existence of pi_1-sections and hence of rational points. The first is an abelian obstruction, closely related to the period of a curve and to a cohomology class on the moduli space of curves M_g studied by Morita. The second is a 2-nilpotent obstruction and appears to be new. We study the degeneration of these classes via topological techniques, and we produce examples of surface bundles over surfaces where these classes obstruct sections. We then use these constructions to produce curves over p-adic fields and number fields where each class obstructs pi_1-sections and hence rational points. Among our geometric results are a new proof of the section conjecture for the generic curve of genus g>2, and a proof of the section conjecture for the generic curve of even genus with a rational divisor class of degree one (where the obstruction to the existence of a section is genuinely non-abelian).
description: Fixed a mistake in Theorem 3.1.1 of the earlier version, main results of the paper remain the same
Mesoscopic fluctuations of the single-particle Green's function at Anderson transitions with Coulomb interaction
Creators: name: Repin, E. V.
name: Burmistrov, I. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the two-loop analysis and the background field method we demonstrate that the local pure scaling operators without derivatives in the Finkel'stein nonlinear sigma model can be constructed by straightforward generalization of the corresponding operators for the noninteracting case. These pure scaling operators demonstrate multifractal behavior and describe mesoscopic fluctuations of the single-particle Green's function. We determine anomalous dimensions of all such pure scaling operators in the interacting theory within the two-loop approximation.
description: Latex, 15 pages
An Efficient Paradigm for Feasibility Guarantees in Legged Locomotion
Creators: name: Abdallah, Abdelrahman
name: Focchi, Michele
name: Orsolino, Romeo
name: Semini, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Developing feasible body trajectories for legged systems on arbitrary terrains is a challenging task. In this paper, we present a paradigm that allows to design feasible Center of Mass (CoM) and body trajectories in an efficient manner. In our previous work [1], we introduced the notion of the 2D feasible region, where static balance and the satisfaction of joint torque limits were guaranteed, whenever the projection of the CoM lied inside the proposed admissible region. In this work we propose a general formulation of the improved feasible region that guarantees dynamic balance alongside the satisfaction of both joint-torque and kinematic limits in an efficient manner. To incorporate the feasibility of the kinematic limits, we introduce an algorithm that computes the reachable region of the CoM. Furthermore, we propose an efficient planning strategy that utilizes the improved feasible region to design feasible CoM and body orientation trajectories. Finally, we validate the capabilities of the improved feasible region and the effectiveness of the proposed planning strategy, using simulations and experiments on the 90 kg Hydraulically actuated Quadruped (HyQ) and the 21 kg Aliengo robots.
description: 18 pages, 16 figures, journal
Squeezing Microwaves by Magnetostriction
Creators: name: Li, Jie
name: Wang, Yi-Pu
name: You, J. Q.
name: Zhu, Shi-Yao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Squeezed light finds many important applications in quantum information science and quantum metrology, and has been produced in a variety of physical systems involving optical nonlinear processes. Here, we show how a nonlinear magnetostrictive interaction in a ferrimagnet in cavity magnomechanics can be used to reduce quantum noise of the electromagnetic field. We show optimal parameter regimes where a substantial and stationary squeezing of the microwave output field can be achieved. The scheme can be realized within the reach of current technology in cavity electromagnonics and magnomechanics. Our work provides a new and practicable approach for producing squeezed vacuum states of electromagnetic fields, and may find promising applications in quantum information processing and quantum metrology.
description: Accepted by National Science Review
From Carbon Budgets to Limit Values
Creators: name: Röck, Martin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Keynote presentation at the Nordic Sustainable Construction Forum 2023, 15/09/2023, Helsinki (FI).  Description //
 A specialist introduction by Dr. Martin Röck (KU Leuven) to the whole life carbon roadmap and limit value discussion for buildings, based on recent findings and research projects in the EU context. Including a reminder of why embodied emissions are relevant in the case of new (energy efficient) buildings. Sections //  The Crucial Role of Embodied Carbon in the Building Life Cycle Whole Life Embodied Carbon Metrics to support European Climate Policy Insights from Supporting an EU Roadmap for Reducing Whole Life Carbon of Buildings #carbonbudget #sustainableconstruction #materials #roadmap #buildings #construction #operation #wholelifecarbon #lifecycleassessment #buildingstock #sciencetopolicy #research #participation #stakeholders #consultation #climate #regulation #Europe #EU #emissions #embodiedcarbon
Intersecting geodesics on the modular surface
Creators: name: Jung, Junehyuk
name: Sardari, Naser Talebizadeh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce the \textit{modular intersection kernel}, and we use it to study how geodesics intersect on the full modular surface $\mathbb{X}=PSL_2\left(\mathbb{Z}\right) \backslash \mathbb{H}$. Let $C_d$ be the union of closed geodesics with discriminant $d$ and let $β\subset \mathbb{X}$ be a compact geodesic segment. As an application of Duke's theorem to the modular intersection kernel, we prove that $ \{\left(p,θ_p\right)~:~p\in β\cap C_d\}$ becomes equidistributed with respect to $\sin θds dθ$ on $β\times [0,π]$ with a power saving rate as $d \to +\infty$. Here $θ_p$ is the angle of intersection between $β$ and $C_d$ at $p$. This settles the main conjectures introduced by Rickards \cite{rick}. We prove a similar result for the distribution of angles of intersections between $C_{d_1}$ and $C_{d_2}$ with a power-saving rate in $d_1$ and $d_2$ as $d_1+d_2 \to \infty$. Previous works on the corresponding problem for compact surfaces do not apply to $\mathbb{X}$, because of the singular behavior of the modular intersection kernel near the cusp. We analyze the singular behavior of the modular intersection kernel by approximating it by general (not necessarily spherical) point-pair invariants on $PSL_2\left(\mathbb{Z}\right) \backslash PSL_2\left(\mathbb{R}\right)$ and then by studying their full spectral expansion.
description: Fixed a few errors in the proof. Revised to improve the readability. 25 pages
SOHO Comets: 20-Years and 3,000 Objects Later
Creators: name: Battams, Karl
name: Knight, Matthew M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a summary of the more than 3,000 sungrazing and near-Sun comets discovered in coronagraph images returned by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), since its launch in December 1995. We address each of the four main populations of objects observed by SOHO: Kreutz (sungrazing) group, Meyer group, Marsden and Kracht (96P-Family) group, and non-group comets. Discussions for each group include basic properties, discovery statistics, and morphological appearance. In addition to updating the community on the status of the discoveries by SOHO, we also show that the rate of discovery of Kreutz sungrazers has likely remained static since approximately 2003, and report on the first likely fragmentation pair observed within the Meyer group.
description: Accepted for publication in Philosophical Transactions A, as part of the special issue "Cometary Science after Rosetta"; 11 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables
Heavy decaying dark matter at future neutrino radio telescopes
Creators: name: Chianese, Marco
name: Fiorillo, Damiano F. G.
name: Hajjar, Rasmi
name: Miele, Gennaro
name: Morisi, Stefano
name: Saviano, Ninetta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the next decades, ultra-high-energy neutrinos in the EeV energy range will be potentially detected by next-generation neutrino telescopes. Although their primary goals are to observe cosmogenic neutrinos and to gain insight into extreme astrophysical environments, they can also indirectly probe the nature of dark matter. In this paper, we study the projected sensitivity of up-coming neutrino radio telescopes, such as RNO-G, GRAND and IceCube-gen2 radio array, to decaying dark matter scenarios. We investigate different dark matter decaying channels and masses, from $10^7$ to $10^{15}$ GeV. By assuming the observation of cosmogenic or newborn pulsar neutrinos, we forecast conservative constraints on the lifetime of heavy dark matter particles. We find that these limits are competitive with and highly complementary to previous multi-messenger analyses.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures. v3: Fig.2 has been fixed, results are unchanged
On spacetime structure and electrodynamics
Creators: name: Ni, Wei-Tou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since almost all phenomena electrodynamics deal with have energy scales much lower than the Higgs mass energy and intermediate boson energy, electrodynamics of continuous media should be applicable and the constitutive relation of spacetime/vacuum should be local and linear. What is the key characteristic of the spacetime/vacuum? It is the Weak Equivalence Principle (WEP I) for photons/wave packets of light which states that the spacetime trajectory of light in a gravitational field depends only on its initial position and direction of propagation, and does not depend on its frequency (energy) and polarization, i.e. nonbirefringence of light propagation in spacetime/vacuum. With this principle it is proved by the author in 1981 in the weak field limit, and by Lammerzahl and Hehl in 2004 together with Favaro and Bergamin in 2011 without assuming the weak-field condition that the constitutive tensor must be of the core metric form with only two additional degrees of freedom - the pseudoscalar (Abelian axion or EM axion) degree of freedom and the scalar (dilaton) degree of freedom (i.e. metric with axion and dilaton). In this paper, we review this connection and the ultrahigh precision empirical tests of nonbirefringence together with present status of tests of cosmic Abelian axion and dilaton. If the stronger version of WEP is assumed, i.e. WEP II for photons (wave packets of light) which states in addition to WEP I also that the polarization state of the light would not change (e.g. no polarization rotation for linear polarized light) and no amplification/attenuation of light, then no Abelian (EM) axion and no dilaton, and we have a pure metric theory.
description: 32 pages, 2 tables, review for the special issue on "Spacetime Structure and Electrodynamics" of International Journal of Modern Physics D, Vol. 25, No.14 (2016). arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1512.08426
Triple point in the $O(2)$ ghost model with higher-order gradient term
Creators: name: Péli, Zoltán
name: Nagy, Sándor
name: Sailer, Kornél
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase structure and the infrared behaviour of the Euclidean 3-dimensional $O(2)$ symmetric ghost scalar field $ϕ$ has been investigated in Wegner and Houghton's renormalization group framework, including higher-derivatives in the kinetic term. It is pointed out that higher-derivative coupling provides three phases and leads to a triple point in that RG scheme. The types of the phase transitions have also been identified.
description: 8 pages, 15 figures
Hubble Space Telescope Proper Motions of Individual Stars in Stellar Streams: Orphan, Sagittarius, Lethe, and the New "Parallel" Stream
Creators: name: Sohn, Sangmo Tony
name: van der Marel, Roeland P.
name: Kallivayalil, Nitya
name: Majewski, Steven R.
name: Besla, Gurtina
name: Carlin, Jeffrey L.
name: Law, David R.
name: Siegel, Michael H.
name: Anderson, Jay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a multi-epoch Hubble Space Telescope (HST) study of stellar proper motions (PMs) for four fields along the Orphan Stream. We determine absolute PMs of several individual stars per target field using established techniques that utilize distant background galaxies to define a stationary reference frame. Five Orphan Stream stars are identified in one of the four fields based on combined color-magnitude and PM information. The average PM is consistent with the existing model of the Orphan stream by Newberg et al. In addition to the Orphan stream stars, we detect stars that likely belong to other stellar streams. To identify which stellar streams these stars belong to, we examine the 2-d bulk motion of each group of stars on the sky by subtracting the PM contribution of the solar motion (which is a function of position on the sky and distance) from the observed PMs, and comparing the vector of net motion with the spatial extent of known stellar streams. By doing this, we identify candidate stars in the Sagittarius and Lethe streams, and a newly-found stellar stream at a distance of ~17 kpc, which we tentatively name the "Parallel stream". Together with our Sagittarius stream study (Sohn et al., 2015, ApJ, 803, 56), this work demonstrates that even in the Gaia era, HST will continue to be advantageous in measuring PMs of old stellar populations on a star-by-star basis, especially for distances beyond ~10 kpc.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
On Héthelyi-Külshammer's conjecture for principal blocks
Creators: name: Hung, Nguyen Ngoc
name: Fry, A. A. Schaeffer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that the number of irreducible ordinary characters in the principal $p$-block of a finite group $G$ of order divisible by $p$ is always at least $2\sqrt{p-1}$. This confirms a conjecture of Héthelyi and Külshammer for principal blocks and provides an affirmative answer to Brauer's Problem 21 for principal blocks of bounded defect. Our proof relies on recent works of Maróti and Malle-Maróti on bounding the conjugacy class number and the number of $p'$-degree irreducible characters of finite groups, earlier works of Broué-Malle-Michel and Cabanes-Enguehard on the distribution of characters into unipotent blocks and $e$-Harish-Chandra series of finite reductive groups, and known cases of the Alperin-McKay conjecture.
description: 27 pages
Orbital-selective single molecule excitation and spectroscopy based on plasmon-exciton coupling
Creators: name: Imada, Hiroshi
name: Miwa, Kuniyuki
name: Imai-Imada, Miyabi
name: Kawahara, Shota
name: Kimura, Kensuke
name: Kim, Yousoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic excitation of molecules triggers diverse phenomena such as luminescence and photovoltaic effects, which are the bases of various energy-converting devices. Understanding and control of the excitations at the single-molecule level are long standing targets, however, they have been hampered by the limited spatial resolution in optical probing techniques. Here we investigate the electronic excitation of a single molecule with sub-molecular precision using a localised plasmon at the tip apex of a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) as an excitation probe. Coherent energy transfer between the plasmon and molecular excitons is discovered when the plasmon is located in the proximity of isolated molecules, which is corroborated by a theoretical analysis. The polarised plasmonic field enables selective excitation of an electronic transition between anisotropic frontier molecular orbitals. Our findings have established the foundation of a novel single-molecule spectroscopy with STM, providing an integrated platform for real-space investigation of localised excited states.
Fits of Weak Annihilation and Hard Spectator Scattering Corrections in $B_{u,d}\to VV$ Decays
Creators: name: Chang, Qin
name: Li, Xiao-Nan
name: Sun, Jun-Feng
name: Yang, Yue-Ling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, the contributions of weak annihilation and hard spectator scattering in $B\to ρK^*$, $ K^* \bar{K}^*$, $ϕK^*$, $ρρ$ and $ϕϕ$ decays are investigated within the framework of QCD factorization. Using the experimental data available, we perform $χ^2$ analyses of end-point parameters in four cases based on the topology-dependent and polarization-dependent parameterization schemes. The fitted results indicate that: (i) In the topology-dependent scheme, the relation $(ρ_A^{i},ϕ_A^{i})\neq (ρ_A^{f},ϕ_A^{f})$ gotten through $B\to PP$ and $PV$ decays is favored by the penguin-dominated $B\to VV$ decays at 95\% C. L., (ii) The large hard spectator scattering corrections and/or the simplification $ (ρ_H,ϕ_H)= (ρ_A^{i},ϕ_A^{i})$ are challenged by ${\cal B}(\bar{B}^0\to ρ^0 ρ^0)$, even though they are allowed by $B\to PP$ and $PV$ decays and helpful for resolving "$ππ$ puzzle", (iii) In the polarization-dependent scheme, the relation $(ρ_A^{L},ϕ_A^{L})\neq (ρ_A^{T},ϕ_A^{T})$ is always required. Moreover, we have updated the theoretical results for $B\to VV$ decays with the best-fit values of end-point parameters. A few observables, such as the ones of pure annihilation $B_d\to ϕϕ$ decay, are also identified for probing the annihilation corrections.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures
Transforming Feature Space to Interpret Machine Learning Models
Creators: name: Brenning, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.5.1
subject: 68T05

description: Model-agnostic tools for interpreting machine-learning models struggle to summarize the joint effects of strongly dependent features in high-dimensional feature spaces, which play an important role in pattern recognition, for example in remote sensing of landcover. This contribution proposes a novel approach that interprets machine-learning models through the lens of feature space transformations. It can be used to enhance unconditional as well as conditional post-hoc diagnostic tools including partial dependence plots, accumulated local effects plots, or permutation feature importance assessments. While the approach can also be applied to nonlinear transformations, we focus on linear ones, including principal component analysis (PCA) and a partial orthogonalization technique. Structured PCA and diagnostics along paths offer opportunities for representing domain knowledge. The new approach is implemented in the R package `wiml`, which can be combined with existing explainable machine-learning packages. A case study on remote-sensing landcover classification with 46 features is used to demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach for model interpretation by domain experts.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Impacts of the agricultural pollutant 17β-trenbolone on survival, development, and behaviour in Australian amphibians
Creators: name: ORFORD, JACK TAYLOR
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310301
subject: Behavioural ecology

description: Agricultural activities are a major source of chemical pollution into the environment. One pollutant of particular concern is 17β-trenbolone. Despite being repeatedly shown to affect reproduction and development, little is known regarding the effects of 17β-trenbolone on behaviour. Amphibians, the most imperilled vertebrate taxa globally, are at particular risk of exposure to this pollutant, as they often live and breed in polluted agricultural areas. I found that 17β-trenbolone can impact the behaviour and morphology of amphibians. Further, my thesis presents evidence for interactive effects of 17β-trenbolone and ultraviolet radiation, and highlights the need for increasing environmental realism in ecotoxicological studies.
Shintani-Barnes cocycles and values of the zeta functions of algebraic number fields
Creators: name: Bekki, Hohto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11R42 (Primary), 11F75, 55N91 (Secondary)

description: In this paper, we construct a new Eisenstein cocycle called the Shintani-Barnes cocycle which specializes in a uniform way to the values of the zeta functions of general number fields at positive integers. Our basic strategy is to generalize the construction of the Eisenstein cocycle presented in the work of Vlasenko and Zagier by using some recent techniques developed by Bannai, Hagihara, Yamada, and Yamamoto in their study of the polylogarithm for totally real fields. We also closely follow the work of Charollois, Dasgupta, and Greenberg. In fact, one of the key ingredients in this paper which enables us to deal with general number fields is the introduction of a new technique called the ``exponential perturbation'' which is a slight modification of the Q-perturbation studied in their work.
description: 49 pages
The SleepWise Study: A randomised controlled feasibility trial of a person-based web-based sleep intervention aimed at adolescents
Creators: name: Aznar, Ana
name: Gray, Debra
name: Husted, Margaret
name: Shokraneh Moghadam
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Digital interventions
subject: Adolescents
subject: Behavior change
subject: Sleep

description: Adolescents are advised to sleep for 8 to 10 hours per night, but most do not sleep for this recommended amount. Poor adolescent sleep is associated with many detrimental health outcomes, including reduced physical activity levels, risk-taking behaviors and increased levels of depression and anxiety, making this a significant public health concern. Existing interventions targeting adolescent sleep are often unsuccessful or their effectiveness unclear, as they are frequently non-interactive, do not address age-specific needs, are time-consuming and lack a strong theoretical foundation. The main goal of this study is to understand the acceptability and feasibility of a web and person-based sleep intervention (called SleepWise) aimed at adolescents.
Emotional food cue reactivity in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa
Creators: name: Voderholzer, Ulrich
name: Eichin, Katharina
name: Georgii, Claudio
name: Blechert, Jens
name: Schnepper, Rebekka
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: emotional eating
subject: Bulimia Nervosa
subject: EEG
subject: Anorexia Nervosa
subject: food picture viewing
subject: Eating disorders
subject: food cue reactivity

description: Data for 'Emotional food-cue-reactivity in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa: An electroencephalography study'. Contains liking ratings and averaged EEG data for images of foods and objects in an emotionally neutral and negative condition. Participants include individuals with Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Healthy Controls.
Hierarchies, entropy, and quantitative propagation of chaos for mean field diffusions
Creators: name: Lacker, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper develops a non-asymptotic, local approach to quantitative propagation of chaos for a wide class of mean field diffusive dynamics. For a system of $n$ interacting particles, the relative entropy between the marginal law of $k$ particles and its limiting product measure is shown to be $O((k/n)^2)$ at each time, as long as the same is true at time zero. A simple Gaussian example shows that this rate is optimal. The main assumption is that the limiting measure obeys a certain functional inequality, which is shown to encompass many potentially irregular but not too singular finite-range interactions, as well as some infinite-range interactions. This unifies the previously disparate cases of Lipschitz versus bounded measurable interactions, improving the best prior bounds of $O(k/n)$ which were deduced from global estimates involving all $n$ particles. We also cover a class of models for which qualitative propagation of chaos and even well-posedness of the McKean-Vlasov equation were previously unknown. At the center of a new approach is a differential inequality, derived from a form of the BBGKY hierarchy, which bounds the $k$-particle entropy in terms of the $(k+1)$-particle entropy.
Structure of Gibbs measures for planar FK-percolation and Potts models
Creators: name: Glazman, Alexander
name: Manolescu, Ioan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B20, 60K35, 82B26

description: We prove that all Gibbs measures of the $q$-state Potts model on $\mathbb{Z}^2$ are linear combinations of the extremal measures obtained as thermodynamic limits under free or monochromatic boundary conditions. In particular all Gibbs measures are invariant under translations. This statement is new at points of first-order phase transition, that is at $T=T_{c}(q)$ when $q>4$. In this case the structure of Gibbs measures is the most complex in the sense that there exist $q+1$ distinct extremal measures. Most of the work is devoted to the FK-percolation model on $\mathbb{Z}^{2}$ with $q\geq 1$, where we prove that every Gibbs measure is a linear combination of the free and wired ones. The arguments are non-quantitative and follow the spirit of the seminal works of Aizenman and Higuchi, which established the Gibbs structure for the two-dimensional Ising model. Infinite-range dependencies in FK-percolation (i.e., a weaker spatial Markov property) pose serious additional difficulties compared to the case of the Ising model. For example, it is not automatic, albeit true, that thermodynamic limits are Gibbs. The result for the Potts model is then derived using the Edwards-Sokal coupling and auto-duality. The latter ingredient is necessary since applying the Edwards-Sokal procedure to a Gibbs measure for the Potts model does not automatically produce a Gibbs measure for FK-percolation. Finally, the proof is generic enough to adapt to the FK-percolation and Potts models on the triangular and hexagonal lattices and to the loop $O(n)$ model in the range of parameters for which its spin representation is positively associated.
description: 46 pages, 6 figures
Accurate Shapley Values for explaining tree-based models
Creators: name: Amoukou, Salim I.
name: Brunel, Nicolas J-B.
name: Salaün, Tangi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Shapley Values (SV) are widely used in explainable AI, but their estimation and interpretation can be challenging, leading to inaccurate inferences and explanations. As a starting point, we remind an invariance principle for SV and derive the correct approach for computing the SV of categorical variables that are particularly sensitive to the encoding used. In the case of tree-based models, we introduce two estimators of Shapley Values that exploit the tree structure efficiently and are more accurate than state-of-the-art methods. Simulations and comparisons are performed with state-of-the-art algorithms and show the practical gain of our approach. Finally, we discuss the limitations of Shapley Values as a local explanation. These methods are available as a Python package.
description: Accepted at the 25th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 2022. V2: The section on Active Shapley Values has been removed in this updated version
Color superconductivity in the Nambu Jona-Lasinio model complemented by a Polyakov loop
Creators: name: Blanquier, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The color superconductivity was studied with an adaptation of the Nambu and Jona-Lasinio model (NJL). This one was coupled to a Polyakov loop, to form the PNJL model. A $μ$-dependent Polyakov loop potential was considered. An objective of the presented works was to describe the analytical calculations required to establish the equations to be solved, in all of the treated cases. They concerned the normal quark phase, the 2-flavor color-superconducting and the color-flavor-locked phases, in an SU(3)f X SU(3)c description. The calculations were performed according to the temperature T, the chemical potentials $μ_{f}$ or according to the densities $ρ_{f}$, with or without the isospin symmetry. Among the obtained results, it was found that at low T, the restoration of the chiral symmetry, the deconfinement transition and the transition between the normal quark and 2-flavor color-superconducting phases occur via first order phase transitions at the same chemical potential. Moreover, an sSC phase was identified in the $ρ_{q}$, $ρ_{s}$ plane.
Charmonium dissociation in collision with phi meson in hadronic matter
Creators: name: Ji, Shi-Tao
name: Xu, Xiao-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phi-charmonium dissociation reactions in hadronic matter are studied. Unpolarised cross sections for 12 reactions are calculated in the Born approximation, in the quark-interchange mechanism and with a temperature-dependent quark potential. The potential leads to remarkable temperature dependence of the cross sections. With the cross sections and the phi distribution function we calculate the dissociation rates of the charmonia in the interactions with the phi meson in hadronic matter. The dependence of the rates on temperature and charmonium momentum is meaningful to the influence of phi mesons on charmonium suppression.
description: 21 pages, 12 figures
Land development by flipping and hump & hollowing
Creators: name: Thomas, Steve
name: Horrocks, Abie
name: Craighead, Murray
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015

description: This guide has been prepared by Abie Horrocks and Steve Thomas, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, and Murray Craighead, Nutrient Solutions Limited. It updates the previous guide ‘Land Development by Flipping and Humping & Hollowing’ 2006, prepared by Murray Craighead, Nutrient Solutions Limited, and Richard Reynolds, formally of Dexcel. This revised guide presents key findings from recent projects as well as current information on land development provided by experienced farmers, contractors, researchers, councils and dairy industry groups (such as Westland Milk Products Limited and Landcorp New Zealand). It offers West Coast farmers the most up to date information to support land development.
description: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The revisions have been made possible by a Sustainable Farming Fund (SFF) grant from the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) to extend project 11/091 'Efficient fertiliser use on hump and hollows on the West Coast'. Westland Milk products Limited, DairyNZ Limited, Ballance Agri-Nutrients Limited, Landcorp New Zealand and The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited also sponsored the publication of this guide. The authors wish to thank the following contractors and farmers for sharing their knowledge and experience: Noel Robb, Colin van der Geest, Paul Steegh, Darryn Fairhall, Paul Fahey, Henry Raymond, Jesse Brownlee, Sue Wordsworth, Mark Burnett, Alex King, Bruce Hamilton and Matt O'Regan. Photographs have been supplied by Craig Ross, Landcare Research Limited; Abie Horrocks, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited; Murray Craighead, Nutrient Solutions Limited; Chris Pullen, Westland Milk Products Limited; and the West Coast Regional Council. We hope this information will assist farmers and contractors when making decisions about land development.
Observation of Many-body Dynamical Delocalization in a Kicked Ultracold Gas
Creators: name: Toh, Jun Hui See
name: McCormick, Katherine C.
name: Tang, Xinxin
name: Su, Ying
name: Luo, Xi-Wang
name: Zhang, Chuanwei
name: Gupta, Subhadeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Contrary to a driven classical system that exhibits chaos phenomena and diffusive energy growth, a driven quantum system can exhibit dynamical localization that features energy saturation. However, the evolution of the dynamically localized state in the presence of many-body interactions has long remained an open question. Here we experimentally study an interacting 1D ultracold gas periodically kicked by a pulsed optical lattice, and observe the interaction-driven emergence of dynamical delocalization and many-body quantum chaos. The observed dynamics feature a sub-diffusive energy growth manifest over a broad parameter range of interaction and kick strengths, and shed light on an area where theoretical approaches are extremely challenging.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures including supplementary materials
A GUIDE FOR FERTILISER SPREADING ON HUMPS & HOLLOWS
Creators: name: Project Team
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015

description: This guide is designed to help improve fertiliser-spreading on a range of hump & hollow systems and increase pasture production per kilogram of fertiliser applied. Fertiliser spreaders are designed for flat ground. Spreading patterns on humps & hollows may differ greatly from those on the flat.
Rare events in stochastic populations under bursty reproduction
Creators: name: Be'er, Shay
name: Assaf, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Recently, a first step was made by the authors towards a systematic investigation of the effect of reaction-step-size noise - uncertainty in the step size of the reaction - on the dynamics of stochastic populations. This was done by investigating the effect of bursty influx on the switching dynamics of stochastic populations. Here we extend this formalism to account for bursty reproduction processes, and improve the accuracy of the formalism to include subleading-order corrections. Bursty reproduction appears in various contexts, where notable examples include bursty viral production from infected cells, and reproduction of mammals involving varying number of offspring. The main question we quantitatively address is how bursty reproduction affects the overall fate of the population. We consider two complementary scenarios: population extinction and population survival; in the former a population gets extinct after maintaining a long-lived metastable state, whereas in the latter a population proliferates despite undergoing a deterministic drift towards extinction. In both models reproduction occurs in bursts, sampled from an arbitrary distribution. In the extinction problem, we show that bursty reproduction broadens the quasi-stationary distribution of population sizes in the metastable state, which results in an exponential decrease of the mean time to extinction. In the survival problem, bursty reproduction yields an exponential increase in survival probability of the population. Close to the bifurcation limit our analytical results simplify considerably and are shown to depend solely on the mean and variance of the burst-size distribution. Our formalism is demonstrated on several realistic distributions which all compare well with numerical Monte-Carlo simulations.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
Closed forms of the Zassenhaus formula
Creators: name: Dupays, Léonce
name: Pain, Jean-Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Zassenhaus formula finds many applications in theoretical physics or mathematics, from fluid dynamics to differential geometry. The non-commutativity of the elements of the algebra implies that the exponential of a sum of operators cannot be expressed as the product of exponentials of operators. The exponential of the sum can then be decomposed as the product of the exponentials multiplied by a supplementary term which takes generally the form of an infinite product of exponentials. Such a procedure is often referred to as ``disentanglement''. However, for some special commutators, closed forms can be found. In this work, we propose a closed form for the Zassenhaus formula when the commutator of operators $\hat{X}$ and $\hat{Y}$ satisfy the relation $[\hat{X},\hat{Y}]=u\hat{X}+v\hat{Y}+c\mathcal{I}$. Such an expression boils down to three equivalent versions, a left-sided, a centered and a right-sided formula: \begin{equation*} e^{\hat{X}+\hat{Y}}=e^{\hat{X}}e^{\hat{Y}}e^{g_{r}(u,v)[\hat{X},\hat{Y}]}=e^{\hat{X}}e^{g_{c}(u,v)[\hat{X},\hat{Y}]}e^{\hat{Y}}=e^{g_{\ell}(u,v)[\hat{X},\hat{Y}]}e^{\hat{X}}e^{\hat{Y}}, \end{equation*} with respective arguments, \begin{eqnarray*} g_{r}(u,v)&=&g_{c}(v,u)e^{u}=g_{\ell}(v,u)=\frac{u\left(e^{u-v}-e^{u}\right)+v\left(e^{u}-1\right)}{vu(u-v)} \end{eqnarray*} for $u\ne v$ and \begin{eqnarray*} g_{r}(u,u)=\frac{u+1-e^u}{u^2}\;\;\;\;\mathrm{with}\;\;\;\; g_r(0,0)=-1/2. \end{eqnarray*} With additional special case \begin{eqnarray*} g_{r}(0,v)= -\frac{e^{-v}-1+v}{v^{2}}, \quad & g_{r}(u,0)=\frac{e^{u}(1-u)-1}{u^{2}}. \end{eqnarray*}
description: 10 pages
Mars sedimentary rock erosion rates constrained using crater counts, with applications to organic matter preservation and to the global dust cycle
Creators: name: Kite, Edwin S.
name: Mayer, David P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Small-crater counts on Mars light-toned sedimentary rock are often inconsistent with any isochron; these data are usually plotted then ignored. We show (using an 18-HiRISE-image, >10^4 crater dataset) that these non-isochron crater counts are often well-fit by a model where crater production is balanced by crater obliteration via steady exhumation. For these regions, we fit erosion rates. We infer that Mars light-toned sedimentary rocks typically erode at ~10^2 nm/yr, when averaged over 10 km^2 scales and 10^7-10^8 yr timescales. Crater-based erosion-rate determination is consistent with independent techniques, but can be applied to nearly all light-toned sedimentary rocks on Mars. Erosion is swift enough that radiolysis cannot destroy complex organic matter at some locations (e.g. paleolake deposits at SW Melas), but radiolysis is a severe problem at other locations (e.g. Oxia Planum). The data suggest that the relief of the Valles Marineris mounds is currently being reduced by wind erosion, and that dust production on Mars <3 Gya greatly exceeds the modern reservoir of mobile dust.
description: Accepted by Icarus. 8 figures
Wilson loops in the abelian lattice Higgs model
Creators: name: Forsström, Malin P.
name: Lenells, Jonatan
name: Viklund, Fredrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70S15, 81T13, 81T25, 82B20

description: We consider the lattice Higgs model on $\mathbb{Z}^4$, with structure group given by $ \mathbb{Z}_n $ for $ n \geq 2 $. We compute the expected value of the Wilson loop observable to leading order when the gauge coupling constant and hopping parameter are both sufficiently large. The leading order term is expressed in terms of a quantity arising from the related but much simpler $ \mathbb{Z}_n $ model, which reduces to the Ising model when $n=2$. As part of the proof, we construct a coupling between the lattice Higgs model and the $ \mathbb{Z}_n $ model.
description: 60 pages, 8 figures
Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Strategic Reasoning
Creators: name: Lomuscio, Alessio
name: Vardi, Moshe Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This volume contains the proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Strategic Reasoning (SR 2016), held in New York City (USA), July 10, 2016. The workshop consisted of 2 keynote talks and 9 contributed presentations on themes of logic, verification, games and equilibria. More information about the Strategic Workshop series is available at http://www.strategicreasoning.net/
Emergent equilibrium in many-body optical bistability
Creators: name: Foss-Feig, Michael
name: Niroula, Pradeep
name: Young, Jeremy T.
name: Hafezi, Mohammad
name: Gorshkov, Alexey V.
name: Wilson, Ryan M.
name: Maghrebi, Mohammad F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many-body systems constructed of quantum-optical building blocks can now be realized in experimental platforms ranging from exciton-polariton fluids to ultracold gases of Rydberg atoms, establishing a fascinating interface between traditional many-body physics and the driven-dissipative, non-equilibrium setting of cavity-QED. At this interface, the standard techniques and intuitions of both fields are called into question, obscuring issues as fundamental as the role of fluctuations, dimensionality, and symmetry on the nature of collective behavior and phase transitions. Here, we study the driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard model, a minimal description of numerous atomic, optical, and solid-state systems in which particle loss is countered by coherent driving. Despite being a lattice version of optical bistability---a foundational and patently non-equilibrium model of cavity-QED---the steady state possesses an emergent equilibrium description in terms of a classical Ising model. We establish this picture by identifying a limit in which the quantum dynamics is asymptotically equivalent to non-equilibrium Langevin equations, which support a phase transition described by model A of the Hohenberg-Halperin classification. Numerical simulations of the Langevin equations corroborate this picture, producing results consistent with the behavior of a finite-temperature Ising model.
description: 11 pages + appendices, 8 figures