cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
INADEQUATE HUMAN RESOURCES AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE SERVICE DELIVERY OF ADAMAWA STATE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE DEVELOPMENT AGENCY
Creators: name: Hassan, Adebayo Ibrahim
Publisher: name: AYDEN JOURNAL
Year: 2024
Subjects: Inadequate, Human Resource, Performance, Agency

description: The effect of inadequate human resources on performance of Adamawa state primary health care Development agency, is very crucial for Effective delivery of Health care services the research is to investigated the effect of human resources inadequacy on work load of staff of the agency, personnel inadequacy impact the job satisfaction of employees at Adamawa State Primary Health Care Development Agency between 2015 and 2020, relationship between human resource inadequacy, the training and development of staff at Adamawa State Primary Health Care Development Agency. The research employed both qualitative and quantitative method of data analysis using regression and correlation analysis. the analysis revealed that a significant proportion of respondents perceived negative effects across various dimensions like timely access to care, patient outcomes, patient satisfaction, availability of essential equipment, and communication. This suggests inadequacy of staff training and development in Adamawa State Primary Health Care Development Agency, as well evaluate the financial implications of human resource inadequacy on Agency Operations. The study concluded that lack of staff training and development, as well as paucity of financial significantly compromised the performance of the Primary Health Care Development Agency from 20152020 across multiple domains. Personnel shortages had widespread detrimental effects on healthcare service access, quality, delivery, utilization, patient satisfaction, health outcomes and system productivity, and suggest that personnel shortages compromised quality, and therefore recommended that improve funding and investment into health workers training, compensation and benefit to attract and retain personnel.
Antimicrobial Resistance from A One Health Standpoint: Review
Creators: name: Saqib, Muhammad
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most significant public health threats facing the world today. The overuse and misuse of antimicrobial agents have led to the emergence and spread of bacteria that are resistant to multiple antimicrobial drugs, making the treatment of infections increasingly challenging. The emergence of AMR is a complex and multifaceted issue, with a variety of factors contributing to its development, including human behavior, animal husbandry practices, and environmental factors. The One Health perspective, which recognizes the interconnections between human, animal, and environmental health, provides a comprehensive framework for addressing the challenge of AMR. It highlights the importance of considering the impact of human activities on animal and environmental health, as well as the impact of animal and environmental health on human health. The role of animals in the emergence and spread of AMR is particularly significant, as they can act as reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which can then be transmitted to humans. For example, the overuse of antimicrobial drugs in agriculture and animal husbandry practices has been identified as a major driver of AMR in bacteria affecting both animals and humans. In addition to the threat to human health, AMR has significant implications for animal health and welfare, as well as for global food security. The treatment of infected animals is becoming increasingly difficult, leading to increased animal suffering and death. This, in turn, can have a significant impact on global food security, as reduced animal productivity and increased costs associated with treatment and control measures can result in higher food prices for consumers. To mitigate the spread of AMR, a multi-faceted approach is required, incorporating strategies at both the human and animal levels, as well as in the environment. This includes reducing the use of antimicrobial drugs in human and veterinary medicine, improving hygiene and infection control measures, and promoting responsible use of antimicrobial agents in agriculture and animal husbandry practices. It is also important to invest in research and development of new antimicrobial drugs, as well as alternative treatments for infections, to ensure that effective treatment options are available for both humans and animals. In conclusion, the rise of AMR is a complex and challenging issue, with serious implications for human, animal, and environmental health. Adopting a One Health perspective is critical for effectively addressing this issue, as it recognizes the interconnections between human, animal, and environmental health and considers the role of each in the emergence and spread of AMR. Interdisciplinary collaboration and a comprehensive, multi-faceted approach are essential to mitigate the threat posed by AMR and ensure a healthier future for all.
ПРАВОВЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ПАРТИЙ
Creators: name: Саидбоева, М.Р.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: В статье рассмотрены вопросы, касающиеся финансирование политических партий. Порядок финансирования политических партий и сравнительный анализ с другими государствами.
Animal Food Demand in Indonesia: A Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System Approach
Creators: name: Nikmatul Khoiriyah
name: Ratya Anindita
name: Nuhfil Hanani
name: Muhaimin, Abdul Wahib
name: Nikmatul Khoiriyah
name: Ratya Anindita
name: Nuhfil Hanani
name: Muhaimin, Abdul Wahib
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Production Economics
subject: Food demand system,
subject: elasticity,
subject: price change,
subject: Indonesia.

description: This research aims to analyze the impact of the price change, the income, and the household size on the demand for five commodity groups, i.e. eggs, chicken, beef, fish and powder milk. The data utilized in this study is based on the Indonesian National Socio-Economic Survey 2016. There are 291,414 data of households in Indonesia which was analyzed by Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System. The result shows that all of the price elasticity was negative and the income elasticity was positive. The effect of income causes the demand for animal foods in Indonesia to be more elastic rather than other commodities with the highest demand of elasticity, i.e. beef, powder milk, fish, meat and eggs by 2.19%, 1.96%, 1.53%, 1.43%, and 0.53% respectively. The beef has the most sensitive effect to changes the income. Therefore, the government requires maintaining the stability of beef prices to increase beef consumption in Indonesia.
Design and Realization of Interconnection of Multifunctional Weighing Device with Sigfox Data Network
Creators: name: Magdin, Martin
name: Miloš Valovič
name: Štefan Koprda
name: Balogh, Zoltán
name: Magdin, Martin
name: Miloš Valovič
name: Štefan Koprda
name: Balogh, Zoltán
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Arduino microcontroller,
subject: Sigfox network,
subject: LPWAN,
subject: bee multifunction weighing device.

description: With the increasing expansion of IoT networks, people are trying to connect more and more devices to data networks. Nowadays, such devices are made possible by platforms such as Arduino and Espressif. In recent years, one of the areas of interest for IoT has been the development and maintenance of beekeeping. Although there are various commercial solutions for multifunctional hive scales (BeeSpy or Alya), they are quite expensive. In this paper, we present a hardware and software solution to this problem. From a hardware point of view, our goal was to design such a device that would be competitive, capture various data using ambient sensors, and communicate over the new SigFox data network that was introduced in Slovakia in 2018. From a software point of view, we aimed to design and implement an application for smartphones. With this application, it is possible to fully visualize all acquired sensor data. The communication between the multifunction weighing device and the user's smartphone is ensured via SMS messages.
The Unusual Kuiper Belt Object 2003 SQ317
Creators: name: Lacerda, Pedro
name: McNeill, Andrew
name: Peixinho, Nuno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report photometric observations of Kuiper belt object 2013 SQ317 obtained between 2011 August 21 and 2011 November 1 at the 3.58 m New Technology Telescope, La Silla. We obtained a rotational lightcurve for 2013 SQ317 with a large peak-to-peak photometric range 0.85+/-0.05 mag, and a periodicity, P=7.210+/-0.001 hr. We also measure a nearly neutral broadband colour B-R=1.05+/-0.18 mag and a phase function with slope beta=0.95+/-0.41 mag/deg. The large lightcurve range implies an extremely elongated shape for 2013 SQ317, possibly as a single elongated object but most simply explained as a compact binary. If modelled as a compact binary near hydrostatic equilibrium, the bulk density of 2013 SQ317 is near 2670 kg m^(-3). If 2003 SQ317 is instead a single, elongated object, then its equilibrium density is about 860 kg m^(-3). These density estimates become uncertain at the 30% level if we relax the hydrostatic assumption and account for solid, "rubble pile"-type configurations. 2013 SQ317 has been associated with the Haumea family based on its orbital parameters and near-infrared colour; we discuss our findings in this context. If confirmed as a close binary, 2013 SQ317 will be the second object of its kind identified in the Kuiper belt.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables. Submitted to MNRAS
Engineering the unitary charge-conjugation operator of quantum field theory for particle-antiparticle using trapped ions and light fields in cavity QED
Creators: name: de Almeida, N. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method to engineer the unitary charge conjugation operator, as given by quantum field theory, in the highly controlled context of quantum optics, thus allowing one to simulate the creation of charged particles with well-defined momenta simultaneously with their respective antiparticles. Our method relies on trapped ions driven by a laser field and interacting with a single mode of a light field in a high Q cavity.
description: 10 pages, no figure
Low-Latency Track Triggering in High-Energy Physics
Creators: name: Ardila Pérez, Luis Eduardo
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2022
Subjects: Electronics
Programmable Logic
FPGAs
Optical data Transmission
System-on-Chip
CMS
Trigger systems
Track Reconstruction
Terabit/s DAQ-Systems
Real-Time Data Processing
Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA) industry standard

description: Das Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) ist ein Experiment am Large Hadron Collider ( LHC ), mit dem eine Vielzahl von Phänomenen der Hochenergiephysik untersucht werden soll. Es verwendet einen großen Silizium Spurdetektor innerhalb eines homogenen 3,8 T -Magnetfelds, der die genaue Messung der Trajektorien, des Transversalimpulses (pT) und die Rekonstruktion der Scheitelposition der geladenen Teilchen aus den LHC-Kollisionen ermöglicht. Die Aufrüstung des LHC für hohe Luminosität (HL) im Jahr 2025 wird die Zahl der gleichzeitigen Proton-Proton-Kollisionen von derzeit durchschnittlich 25 auf bis zu 200 alle 25 ns erhöhen. Bei der Aufrüstung wird der Silizium Spurdetektor vollständig durch einen ersetzt, der speziell dafür gebaut wurde, die geladenen Teilchen auf den Modulen zu selektieren, deren pT höher als 2 GeV ist. Die Informationen dieser Treffer werden an eine Off-Detektor-Elektronik zur Echtzeit-Spur-Rekonstruktion mit einer Latenz von 4 μs weitergeleitet. Die rekonstruierten Tracker-Primitive werden erstmalig in einem Teilchenphysikexperiment in die First-Level-Trigger-Entscheidung einbezogen, mit dem Ziel, die Triggerrate von CMS unter 750 kHz zu halten. In dieser Doktorarbeit werden verschiedene Firmware- und Hardware-Entwicklungen für einen FPGA-basierten Echtzeit-Spurensucher vorgestellt, der eine räumlich segmentierte und vollständig zeitmultiplexierte Architektur verwendet. Der Time-multiplexed Track Trigger (TMTT)-Rekonstruktionsalgorithmus enthält vier Verarbeitungsstufen, von denen zwei vom Autor in Hardwarebeschreibungssprache (HDL) implementiert wurden und in dieser Dissertation detailliert beschrieben werden. Optimierungen solcher Algorithmen, zur Erhöhung der Taktfrequenz und zur Reduktion der Ressourcennutzung, werden ebenfalls vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus wird die Entwicklung spezieller Hardware auf Basis des ATCA-Form-faktor (Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture) vorgestellt. Das Board verfügt über ausreichend Hochgeschwindigkeits-I/O für den Einsatz im HL CMS Tracker Off-Detector Processing System. Es implementiert eine neuartige Slow-Control-Lösung für ATCA Systeme, die den Intelligent Platform Management Controller (IPMC), eine Linux Slow-Control-Software und einen FPGA für anwendungsspezifische Slow-Control-Aufgaben in einem einzigen Zynq Ultrascale+ (US+)System-on-Chip (SoC)-Modul integriert.
Artificial Sweetener Use and One-Year Weight Change Among Women
Creators: name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Garfinkel, Lawrence
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1986
Subjects: Medical sciences
Nutrition

description: Weight change over a 1-year period was examined in a highly homogeneous group of 78,694 women ages 50-69 enrolled in a prospective mortality study. Artificial sweetener usage increased with relative weight and decreased with age. Users were significantly more likely than nonusers to gain weight, regardless of initial weight. Average weight gains or losses by artificial sweetener users differed by less than 2 pounds from gains or losses among nonusers. These results were not explicable by differences in food consumption patterns. The data do not support the hypothesis that long-term artificial sweetener use either helps weight loss or prevents weight gain.
Welfare with IoT Technology Using Fuzzy Logic
Creators: name: Vojtěch Novák
name: Pavlík, Jan
name: Stočes, Michal
name: Jiří Vaněk
name: Jarolímek, Jan
name: Vojtěch Novák
name: Pavlík, Jan
name: Stočes, Michal
name: Jiří Vaněk
name: Jarolímek, Jan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: IoT,
subject: Fuzzy Logic,
subject: Welfare,
subject: Networks,
subject: Precision Agriculture,
subject: Smart Agriculture,
subject: JavaScript.

description: The article describes the concept of deploying IoT technologies within the environment of agrarian operations using a system approach with a focus on fuzzy logic. In addition to the introductory acquaintance with IoT and fuzzy theory, the paper focuses on specific possibilities of applying the fuzzy approach, especially in the case of animal husbandry. The main benefit for this field is the fulfillment of welfare principles and the achievement of economic savings based on optimization. The article also showcases a practical implementation of a demonstrative solution in the JavaScript programming language using data from IoT sensors.
Health Risks of Passive Smoking
Creators: name: Papier, Cheri M.
name: Stellman, Steven D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1987
Subjects: Public health
Oncology

description: Passive or involuntary smoking is the inhalation of smoke which escapes directly into the air from the lit end of a burning cigarette. This unfiltered smoke contains the same toxic components of the mainstream smoke inhaled directly by the smoker, including numerous carcinogens, many in greater concentrations. It has long been known that exposure to this type of smoke leads to increased respiratory and other adverse health conditions in non-smokers, especially children. During the past five years, evidence has been accumulating that risk of lung cancer is also higher, particularly in non-smoking women whose husbands smoke. Despite uncertainties and differences in interpretation of various cancer studies, there is ample justification for public health measures now in place or proposed, such as restriction or elimination of smoking in the workplace and in public places
Towards in silico CLIP-seq: predicting protein-RNA interaction via sequence-to-signal learning.
Creators: name: Horlacher, Marc
name: Wagner, Nils
name: Moyon, Lambert
name: Kuret, Klara
name: Goedert, Nicolas
name: Salvatore, Marco
name: Ule, Jernej
name: Gagneur, Julien
name: Winther, Ole
name: Marsico, Annalisa
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biochemistry & Proteomics
subject: Gene Expression
subject: Genetics & Genomics
subject: Stem Cells
subject: Ecology,Evolution & Ethology
subject: Computational & Systems Biology

description: We present RBPNet, a novel deep learning method, which predicts CLIP-seq crosslink count distribution from RNA sequence at single-nucleotide resolution. By training on up to a million regions, RBPNet achieves high generalization on eCLIP, iCLIP and miCLIP assays, outperforming state-of-the-art classifiers. RBPNet performs bias correction by modeling the raw signal as a mixture of the protein-specific and background signal. Through model interrogation via Integrated Gradients, RBPNet identifies predictive sub-sequences that correspond to known and novel binding motifs and enables variant-impact scoring via in silico mutagenesis. Together, RBPNet improves imputation of protein-RNA interactions, as well as mechanistic interpretation of predictions.
Greenland Telescope (GLT) Project: "A Direct Confirmation of Black Hole with Submillimeter VLBI"
Creators: name: Nakamura, M.
name: Algaba, J. -C.
name: Asada, K.
name: Chen, B.
name: Chen, M. -T.
name: Han, J.
name: Ho, P. H. P.
name: Hsieh, S. -N.
name: Huang, T.
name: Inoue, M.
name: Koch, P.
name: Kuo, C. -Y.
name: Martin-Cocher, P.
name: Matsushita, S.
name: Meyer-Zhao, Z.
name: Nishioka, H.
name: Nystom, G.
name: Pradel, N.
name: Pu, H. -Y.
name: Raffin, P.
name: Shen, H. -Y.
name: Tseng, C. -Y.
name: Team, the Greenland Telescope Project
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The GLT project is deploying a new submillimeter (submm) VLBI station in Greenland. Our primary scientific goal is to image a shadow of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) of six billion solar masses in M87 at the center of the Virgo cluster of galaxies. The expected SMBH shadow size of 40-50 $μ$as requires superbly high angular resolution, suggesting that the submm VLBI would be the only way to obtain the shadow image. The Summit station in Greenland enables us to establish baselines longer than 9,000 km with ALMA in Chile and SMA in Hawaii as well as providing a unique $u$--$v$ coverage for imaging M87. Our VLBI network will achieve a superior angular resolution of about 20 $μ$as at 350 GHz, corresponding to $\sim2.5$ times of the Schwarzschild radius of the supermassive black hole in M87. We have been monitoring the atmospheric opacity at 230 GHz since August. 2011; we have confirmed the value on site during the winter season is comparable to the ALMA site thanks to high altitude of 3,200 m and low temperature of $-50\degr$C. We will report current status and future plan of the GLT project towards our expected first light on 2015--2016.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures; to appear in the conference proceedings of "Innermost Regions of Relativistic Jets and Their Magnetic Fields", June 10-14, 2013, Granada, Spain
General relativistic density perturbations
Creators: name: Lim, Woei Chet
name: Coley, Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a general relativistic mechanism in which spikes generate matter overdensities in the early universe. When the cosmological fluid is tilted, the tilt provides another mechanism in generating matter inhomogeneities. We numerically investigate the effect of a sign change in the tilt, when there is a spike but the tilt does not change sign, and when the spike and the sign change in the tilt coincide. We find that the tilt plays the primary role in generating matter inhomogeneities, and it does so by creating both local overdensities and underdensities. We discuss of the physical implications of the work.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures
On the Communitarian Possibilities of MOOCs
Creators: name: Filreis, Al
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Education

description: Al Filreis presents: "Open Access Humanities, Open Pedagogy: Exploring The Communitarian Possibilities of MOOCs." Filreis teaches a massively open online version of his U Penn course Modern & Contemporary American Poetry to tens of thousands of students worldwide. In 2013, the Chronicle of Higher Education identified him as one of 10 key technology innovators in education, and in September 2014 his MOOC will begin its third consecutive year on Coursera. Filreis has been teaching poetry online with various technologies since 1994. In his conversation at Columbia, "Open Access Humanities, Open Pedagogy: Exploring the Communitarian Possibilities of MOOCs," he presents thirteen provocative theses - "contentions," he calls them - about MOOCs and teaching and learning. Al Filreis is Kelly Professor, Faculty Director of the Kelly Writers House, Director of the Center for Programs in Contemporary Writing, Co-Director of PennSound, and Publisher of Jacket2 - all at the University of Pennsylvania.
Self-dual Maxwell-Chern-Simons solitons from a Lorentz-violating model
Creators: name: Casana, Rodolfo
name: Sourrouille, Lucas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-dual abelian Higgs system, involving both the Maxwell and Chern-Simons terms are obtained from Carroll-Field-Jackiw theory by dimensional reduction. Bogomol'nyi-type equations are studied from theoretical and numerical point of view. In particular we show that the solutions of these equations are Nielsen-Olesen vortices with electric charge.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Statistical method for revealing form-function relations in biological networks.
Creators: name: Mugler, Andrew
name: Grinshpun, Boris
name: Franks, Riley
name: Wiggins, Chris H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Over the past decade, a number of researchers in systems biology have sought to relate the function of biological systems to their network-level descriptions—lists of the most important players and the pairwise interactions between them. Both for large networks (in which statistical analysis is often framed in terms of the abundance of repeated small subgraphs) and for small networks which can be analyzed in greater detail (or even synthesized in vivo and subjected to experiment), revealing the relationship between the topology of small subgraphs and their biological function has been a central goal. We here seek to pose this revelation as a statistical task, illustrated using a particular setup which has been constructed experimentally and for which parameterized models of transcriptional regulation have been studied extensively. The question “how does function follow form” is here mathematized by identifying which topological attributes correlate with the diverse possible information-processing tasks which a transcriptional regulatory network can realize. The resulting method reveals one form-function relationship which had earlier been predicted based on analytic results, and reveals a second for which we can provide an analytic interpretation. Resulting source code is distributed via http://formfunction.sourceforge.net.
State Estimation over Sensor Networks with Correlated Wireless Fading Channels
Creators: name: Quevedo, Daniel E.
name: Ahlen, Anders
name: Johansson, Karl H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 93E11, 93E15

description: Stochastic stability for centralized time-varying Kalman filtering over a wireles ssensor network with correlated fading channels is studied. On their route to the gateway, sensor packets, possibly aggregated with measurements from several nodes, may be dropped because of fading links. To study this situation, we introduce a network state process, which describes a finite set of configurations of the radio environment. The network state characterizes the channel gain distributions of the links, which are allowed to be correlated between each other. Temporal correlations of channel gains are modeled by allowing the network state process to form a (semi-)Markov chain. We establish sufficient conditions that ensure the Kalman filter to be exponentially bounded. In the one-sensor case, this new stability condition is shown to include previous results obtained in the literature as special cases. The results also hold when using power and bit-rate control policies, where the transmission power and bit-rate of each node are nonlinear mapping of the network state and channel gains.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Production of available water content maps from existing soil properties datasets using pedotransfer models –  towards application to spatial crop modeling
Creators: name: Lavarenne, Jérémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: soil science
agronomy
hydrology

description: Soil water availability is crucial for ecosystem services, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa where agriculture depends heavily on rainfed systems, directly impacting food security. The key to estimating water available for crops lies in the Available Water Content (AWC) – a metric indicating the water that soil can retain and provide to plants. AWC plays a vital role in crop and ecological models and is particularly integral to spatial crop simulation models. Despite many digital soil mapping endeavors, the production of AWC maps remains limited. This study illustrates the initial phase in crafting a high-resolution AWC map for Burkina Faso, utilizing iSDA Africa's 30m soil properties maps and the USDA Rosetta pedotransfer model. It also frames a research question for a student project proposed during the IDIL graduate program launch event (Montpellier University, sept. 6, 2023), aimed at refining the AWC map development method, focusing on identifying and overcoming barriers to generalize the method for global application and to enhance the usability of AWC data in crop models.
Fast dynamics of supercoiled DNA revealed by single-molecule experiments.
Creators: name: Crut, Aurelien
name: Koster, Daniel A.
name: Seidel, Ralf
name: Wiggins, Chris H.
name: Dekker, Nynke H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biophysics
Biomechanics

description: The dynamics of supercoiled DNA play an important role in various cellular processes such as transcription and replication that involve DNA supercoiling. We present experiments that enhance our understanding of these dynamics by measuring the intrinsic response of single DNA molecules to sudden changes in tension or torsion. The observed dynamics can be accurately described by quasistatic models, independent of the degree of supercoiling initially present in the molecules. In particular, the dynamics are not affected by the continuous removal of the plectonemes. These results set an upper bound on the hydrodynamic drag opposing plectoneme removal, and thus provide a quantitative baseline for the dynamics of bare DNA.
Information-Based Physics: An Observer-Centric Foundation
Creators: name: Knuth, Kevin H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is generally believed that physical laws, reflecting an inherent order in the universe, are ordained by nature. However, in modern physics the observer plays a central role raising questions about how an observer-centric physics can result in laws apparently worthy of a universal nature-centric physics. Over the last decade, we have found that the consistent apt quantification of algebraic and order-theoretic structures results in calculi that possess constraint equations taking the form of what are often considered to be physical laws. I review recent derivations of the formal relations among relevant variables central to special relativity, probability theory and quantum mechanics in this context by considering a problem where two observers form consistent descriptions of and make optimal inferences about a free particle that simply influences them. I show that this approach to describing such a particle based only on available information leads to the mathematics of relativistic quantum mechanics as well as a description of a free particle that reproduces many of the basic properties of a fermion. The result is an approach to foundational physics where laws derive from both consistent descriptions and optimal information-based inferences made by embedded observers.
description: To be published in Contemporary Physics. The manuscript consists of 43 pages and 9 Figures
Essays on the Insights of Women Entrepreneurship: Dark-Side Experiences and Training Efficacy
Creators: name: Wibawa, Berto Mulia
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 380102
subject: Behavioural economics
classificationCode: 350704
subject: Entrepreneurship

description: This thesis explores women entrepreneurship in Indonesia through two chapters. The first chapter examines the dark side of single mother micro-entrepreneurs using qualitative methods, revealing challenges like social stigma, financial insecurity, and isolation. The second chapter quantitatively assesses the impact of growth mindset and digital marketing training on women micro-entrepreneurs. This research highlights the crucial role of mindset in skill acquisition and demonstrates the long-term benefits of such training. These insights are valuable for developing targeted interventions and policies to support women entrepreneurs, promoting an inclusive and supportive entrepreneurial environment in developing countries.
Allosteric collaboration between elongation factor G and the ribosomal L1 stalk directs tRNA movements during translation
Creators: name: Fei, Jingyi
name: Bronson, Jonathan E.
name: Hofman, Jake M.
name: Stevens, Rathi L.
name: Wiggins, Chris H.
name: Gonzalez Jr., Ruben L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biophysics

description: Determining the mechanism by which tRNAs rapidly and precisely transit through the ribosomal A, P, and E sites during translation remains a major goal in the study of protein synthesis. Here, we report the real-time dynamics of the L1 stalk, a structural element of the large ribosomal subunit that is implicated in directing tRNA movements during translation. Within pretranslocation ribosomal complexes, the L1 stalk exists in a dynamic equilibrium between open and closed conformations. Binding of elongation factor G (EF-G) shifts this equilibrium toward the closed conformation through one of at least two distinct kinetic mechanisms, where the identity of the P-site tRNA dictates the kinetic route that is taken. Within posttranslocation complexes, L1 stalk dynamics are dependent on the presence and identity of the E-site tRNA. Collectively, our data demonstrate that EF-G and the L1 stalk allosterically collaborate to direct tRNA translocation from the P to the E sites, and suggest a model for the release of E-site tRNA.
Theory of a Directive Optical Leaky Wave Antenna Integrated into a Resonator and Enhancement of Radiation Control
Creators: name: Guclu, Caner
name: Campione, Salvatore
name: Boyraz, Ozdal
name: Capolino, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide for the first time the detailed study of the radiation performance of an optical leaky wave antenna (OLWA) integrated into a Fabry-Pérot resonator. We show that the radiation pattern can be expressed as the one generated by the interference of two leaky waves counter-propagating in the resonator leading to a design procedure for achieving optimized broadside radiation, i.e., normal to the waveguide axis. We thus report a realizable implementation of the OLWA made of semiconductor and dielectric regions. The theoretical modeling is supported by full-wave simulation results, which are found to be in good agreement. We aim to control the radiation intensity in the broadside direction via excess carrier generation in the semiconductor regions. We show that the presence of the resonator can provide an effective way of enhancing the radiation level modulation, which reaches values as high as 13.5 dB, paving the way for novel promising control capabilities that might allow the generation of very fast optical switches, as an example.
description: 10 pages, 14 figures
Quantification of Cell Edge Velocities and Traction Forces Reveals Distinct Motility Modules during Cell Spreading
Creators: name: Dubin-Thaler, Benjamin J.
name: Hofman, Jake M.
name: Cai, Yunfei
name: Xenias, Harry
name: Spielman, Ingrid
name: Shneidman, Anna V.
name: David, Lawrence A.
name: Dobereiner, Hans-Gunther
name: Wiggins, Chris H.
name: Sheetz, Michael P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biophysics
Cytology

description: Actin-based cell motility and force generation are central to immune response, tissue development, and cancer metastasis, and understanding actin cytoskeleton regulation is a major goal of cell biologists. Cell spreading is a commonly used model system for motility experiments – spreading fibroblasts exhibit stereotypic, spatially-isotropic edge dynamics during a reproducible sequence of functional phases: 1) During early spreading, cells form initial contacts with the surface. 2) The middle spreading phase exhibits rapidly increasing attachment area. 3) Late spreading is characterized by periodic contractions and stable adhesions formation. While differences in cytoskeletal regulation between phases are known, a global analysis of the spatial and temporal coordination of motility and force generation is missing. Implementing improved algorithms for analyzing edge dynamics over the entire cell periphery, we observed that a single domain of homogeneous cytoskeletal dynamics dominated each of the three phases of spreading. These domains exhibited a unique combination of biophysical and biochemical parameters – a motility module. Biophysical characterization of the motility modules revealed that the early phase was dominated by periodic, rapid membrane blebbing; the middle phase exhibited continuous protrusion with very low traction force generation; and the late phase was characterized by global periodic contractions and high force generation. Biochemically, each motility module exhibited a different distribution of the actin-related protein VASP, while inhibition of actin polymerization revealed different dependencies on barbed-end polymerization. In addition, our whole-cell analysis revealed that many cells exhibited heterogeneous combinations of motility modules in neighboring regions of the cell edge. Together, these observations support a model of motility in which regions of the cell edge exhibit one of a limited number of motility modules that, together, determine the overall motility function. Our data and algorithms are publicly available to encourage further exploration.
Detecting and quantifying stellar magnetic fields -- Sparse Stokes profile approximation using orthogonal matching pursuit
Creators: name: Carroll, T. A.
name: Strassmeier, K. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the recent years, we have seen a rapidly growing number of stellar magnetic field detections for various types of stars. Many of these magnetic fields are estimated from spectropolarimetric observations (Stokes V) by using the so-called center-of-gravity (COG) method. Unfortunately, the accuracy of this method rapidly deteriorates with increasing noise and thus calls for a more robust procedure that combines signal detection and field estimation. We introduce an estimation method that provides not only the effective or mean longitudinal magnetic field from an observed Stokes V profile but also uses the net absolute polarization of the profile to obtain an estimate of the apparent (i.e., velocity resolved) absolute longitudinal magnetic field. By combining the COG method with an orthogonal-matching-pursuit (OMP) approach, we were able to decompose observed Stokes profiles with an overcomplete dictionary of wavelet-basis functions to reliably reconstruct the observed Stokes profiles in the presence of noise. The elementary wave functions of the sparse reconstruction process were utilized to estimate the effective longitudinal magnetic field and the apparent absolute longitudinal magnetic field. A multiresolution analysis complements the OMP algorithm to provide a robust detection and estimation method. An extensive Monte-Carlo simulation confirms the reliability and accuracy of the magnetic OMP approach.
description: A&A, in press, 15 pages, 14 figures
Optimal Signal Processing in Small Stochastic Biochemical Networks
Creators: name: Ziv, Etay
name: Nemenman, Ilya
name: Wiggins, Chris H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biochemistry

description: We quantify the influence of the topology of a transcriptional regulatory network on its ability to process environmental signals. By posing the problem in terms of information theory, we do this without specifying the function performed by the network. Specifically, we study the maximum mutual information between the input (chemical) signal and the output (genetic) response attainable by the network in the context of an analytic model of particle number fluctuations. We perform this analysis for all biochemical circuits, including various feedback loops, that can be built out of 3 chemical species, each under the control of one regulator. We find that a generic network, constrained to low molecule numbers and reasonable response times, can transduce more information than a simple binary switch and, in fact, manages to achieve close to the optimal information transmission fidelity. These high-information solutions are robust to tenfold changes in most of the networks' biochemical parameters; moreover they are easier to achieve in networks containing cycles with an odd number of negative regulators (overall negative feedback) due to their decreased molecular noise (a result which we derive analytically). Finally, we demonstrate that a single circuit can support multiple high-information solutions. These findings suggest a potential resolution of the “cross-talk” phenomenon as well as the previously unexplained observation that transcription factors that undergo proteolysis are more likely to be auto-repressive.
Signpost of Multiple Planets in Debris Disks
Creators: name: Su, Kate Y. L.
name: Rieke, George H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the nearby debris disk structures revealed by multi-wavelength images from Spitzer and Herschel, and complemented with detailed spectral energy distribution modeling. Similar to the definition of habitable zones around stars, debris disk structures should be identified and characterized in terms of dust temperatures rather than physical distances so that the heating power of different spectral type of stars is taken into account and common features in disks can be discussed and compared directly. Common features, such as warm (~150 K) dust belts near the water-ice line and cold (~50 K) Kuiper-belt analogs, give rise to our emerging understanding of the levels of order in debris disk structures and illuminate various processes about the formation and evolution of exoplanetary systems. In light of the disk structures in the debris disk twins (Vega and Fomalhaut), and the current limits on the masses of planetary objects, we suggest that the large gap between the warm and cold dust belts is the best signpost for multiple (low-mass) planets beyond the water-ice line.
description: 4 pages, IAU Symposium 299 Exploring the Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems
Passive Sorting of Asteroid Material Using Solar Radiation Pressure
Creators: name: Yárnoz, Daniel García
name: Sanchez, Joan-Pau
name: McInnes, Colin R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding dust dynamics in the vicinity of asteroids is key for future science missions and, in the long-term, for asteroid exploitation. This paper analyzes the feasibility of manipulating asteroid material by means of solar radiation pressure. A novel method is proposed for passively sorting material as a function of its grain size or density, where solar radiation pressure is used as a passive in-situ "mass spectrometer". A simplified analysis shows that in principle this method allows an effective sorting of regolith material. This could have immediate applications for a sample return mission, and for industrial scale in-situ resource utilization to separate and concentrate regolith according to particle size or composition.
description: Pre-print proof reading version. Accepted for publication in Journal of Guidance Control and Dynamics
A Case-Control Study of Multiple Myeloma Nested in the American Cancer Society Prospective Study
Creators: name: Boffetta, P.
name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Garfinkel, L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: Oncology
Medical sciences
Public health
Epidemiology

description: Among the subjects enrolled in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II, a large nation-wide prospective study, 282 died from multiple myeloma (MM) during the first 4 years of follow-up. These were divided into incident cases who were initially free from disease and prevalent cases who reported MM or related symptoms at the time of enrollment. For each case, 4 controls matched for age, sex, ethnic group and residence were randomly selected. Previous history of diabetes [odds ratio (OR) = 2.0] and employment as farmer (OR = 2.7) were the risk factors consistently suggested by the results of the analysis. The risk associated with farming showed a linear trend with duration of exposure. Pesticide or herbicide exposure was not a risk factor per se but, when combined with farming, it increased the OR to 4.3. Low education, occupational exposure to dyes, and employment in a bank, on the railroad or as a maid were also suggested risk factors, but either they were not statistically significant or they were based on small numbers of exposed subjects. No association between MM and asbestos exposure was observed.
Fermi Contour Anisotropy of GaAs Electron-Flux Composite Fermions in Parallel Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Kamburov, D.
name: Mueed, M. A.
name: Shayegan, M.
name: Pfeiffer, L. N.
name: West, K. W.
name: Baldwin, K. W.
name: Lee, J. J. D.
name: Winkler, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In high-quality two-dimensional electrons confined to GaAs quantum wells, near Landau level filling factors $ν=$ 1/2 and 1/4, we observe signatures of the commensurability of the electron-flux composite fermion cyclotron orbits with a unidirectional periodic density modulation. Focusing on the data near $ν=1/2$, we directly and quantitatively probe the shape of the composite fermions' cyclotron orbit, and therefore their Fermi contour, as a function of magnetic field ($B_{||}$) applied parallel to the sample plane. The composite fermion Fermi contour becomes severely distorted with increasing $B_{||}$ and appears to be elliptical, in sharp contrast to the electron Fermi contour which splits as the system becomes bilayer-like at high $B_{||}$. We present a simple, qualitative model to interpret our findings.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Elastohydrodynamic study of actin filaments using fluorescence microscopy
Creators: name: Riveline, D.
name: Wiggins, Chris H.
name: Golstein, Raymond E.
name: Ott, A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Biophysics

description: We probed the bending of actin subject to external forcing and viscous drag. Single actin filaments were moved perpendicular to their long axis in an oscillatory way by means of an optically tweezed latex bead attached to one end of the filaments. Shapes of these polymers were observed by epifluorescence microscopy. They were found to be in agreement with predictions of semiflexible polymer theory and slender-body hydrodynamics. A persistence length of 7.4±0.2 μm could be extracted.
Metadata generation, enrichment and linkage across the three domains health, environment and earth observation
Creators: name: Dallavalle, Marco
name: Gey, Ronny
name: Staab, Jeroen
name: Bumberger, Jan
name: Taubenböck, Hannes
name: Ferland, Maike
name: Standl, Marie
name: Wolf, Kathrin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Health
Environment
Earth observation
Metadata generation
Mapping

description: Cross-domain research is often hampered by the lack of harmonized metadata schemas and standards. Metadata of different domains vary in origin, format and scope, so they cannot be merged routinely. In the interdisciplinary field of environmental epidemiology, an efficient linkage of health data with the multitude of environmental and earth observation data is crucial to quantify human exposures. To bridge the gap between the metadata of our different research fields, we aim to compile machine-readable and interoperable metadata schemas for exemplary data of our three domains Health (HMGU), Earth & Environment (UFZ), and Aeronautics, Space & Transport (DLR). As use cases for metadata compilation, enrichment, and pooling, the project partners contributed with metadata of the child cohorts GINI and LISA (HMGU), drought monitor (UFZ) and land cover (DLR). UFZ and DLR will adopt as common standard ISO 19115: Geographic Metadata Information. For HMGU, we reviewed several metadata standards for health data (e.g. CDISC ODM, Snomed CT, HL7 FHIR) and started to upload our metadata to the NFDI4health StudyHub, an inventory of German health studies on COVID-19. In addition, we have developed a workflow to transform base cohort information in an ISO 19115 compliant manner without exposing sensitive information about participants’ data. Spatial and time coverage will be the main mapping criteria. The metadata of our three domains will be uploaded into an instance of GeoNetwork, a catalog application that we are currently setting up in a testing environment, where they can be jointly queried and searched. We aim to have a server version ready by the end of the project that can be augmented with additional metadata from our domains, but also from other fields, to facilitate interdisciplinary research.