cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
EBV Latent Membrane Protein 1 Activates Akt, NFκB, and Stat3 in B Cell Lymphomas
Creators: name: Shair, Kathy H. Y.
name: Bendt, Katherine M.
name: Bedford, Elisabeth C.
name: Raab-Traub, Nancy
name: Nielsen, Judith N.
name: Edwards, Rachel H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is the major oncoprotein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In transgenic mice, LMP1 promotes increased lymphoma development by 12 mo of age. This study reveals that lymphoma develops in B-1a lymphocytes, a population that is associated with transformation in older mice. The lymphoma cells have deregulated cell cycle markers, and inhibitors of Akt, NFκB, and Stat3 block the enhanced viability of LMP1 transgenic lymphocytes and lymphoma cells in vitro. Lymphoma cells are independent of IL4/Stat6 signaling for survival and proliferation, but have constitutively activated Stat3 signaling. These same targets are also deregulated in wild-type B-1a lymphomas that arise spontaneously through age predisposition. These results suggest that Akt, NFκB, and Stat3 pathways may serve as effective targets in the treatment of EBV-associated B cell lymphomas.
Reducing Anxiety with Nature and Gardening (RANG): Evaluating the Impacts of Gardening and Outdoor Activities on Anxiety among U.S. Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Creators: name: Gerdes, Megan E.
name: Aistis, Lucy A.
name: Sachs, Naomi A.
name: Williams, Marcus
name: Roberts, Jennifer D.
name: Rosenberg, Goldstein Rachel E.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: anxiety
COVID-19
pandemic
gardening
outdoor environment
nature

description: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted mental health. Growing research has identified the mental health benefits of nature contact, including gardening. We used a cross-sectional survey to investigate the association between gardening and other outdoor activities with anxiety among U.S. adults. The RANG (Reducing Anxiety with Nature and Gardening) survey was distributed online from June–September 2020 through social media (Twitter and Facebook) and a national Master Gardeners listserv. Survey questions captured demographics, COVID-19 experiences, gardening, outdoor activities, and anxiety using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale. Data were analyzed using chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and Kruskal–Wallis tests, as well as logistic regression. Among participants, 46% reported anxiety symptoms. Participants who had gardened ≥ 15 years and those gardening > 8 h over two weeks had lower anxiety scores. Spending more time outdoors on weekdays also decreased anxiety scores. After adjusting for covariates, lower odds of anxiety were identified for 50–69 and 70–89-year-olds vs. 18–29-year-olds; males vs. females; and Texas vs. Maryland residents. These findings confirm increased anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic and suggest that sustained gardening and other outdoor activities could help reduce anxiety.
Exact expressions for the weights used in least-squares regression estimation for the log-logistic and Weibull distribution
Creators: name: van Zyl, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Estimation for the log-logistic and Weibull distributions can be performed by using the equations used for probability plotting. The equations leads to highly heteroscedastic regression. Exact expressions for the variances of the residuals are derived which can be used to perform weighted regression. In large samples maximum likelihood performs best, but it is shown that in smaller samples the weighted regression outperforms maximum likelihood estimation with respect to bias and mean square error.
White-Tailed Deer Spatial Distribution in Relation to ‘4-Poster’ Tick Control Devices in Suburbia
Creators: name: Roden-Reynolds, Patrick
name: Kent, Cody M.
name: Li, Andrew Y.
name: Mullinax, Jennifer M.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: 4-Poster
bait
deer
integrated pest management
movement
Odocoileus virginianus
suburban
supplemental feeding
ticks

description: Deer are keystone hosts for adult ticks and have enabled the spread of tick distributions. The ‘4-Poster’ deer bait station was developed by the United States Department of Agriculture to control ticks feeding on free-ranging deer. Although effective in certain scenarios, ‘4-Poster’ deer treatment stations require the use of bait to attract deer to one location, which may cause increased deer disease transmission rates and habitat damage. To better understand and manage the impact of baited ‘4-Poster’ stations on deer movements, we captured and GPS-monitored 35 deer as part of an integrated pest management project. Fifteen ‘4-Poster’ stations were deployed among three suburban county parks to control ticks. To quantify the effects of ‘4-Poster’ stations, we calculated deer movement metrics before and after feeders were filled with whole kernel corn, and we gathered information on visitation rates to feeders. Overall, 83.3% of collared deer visited a feeder and revisited approximately every 5 days. After feeders were refilled, collared deer were ~5% closer to feeders and conspecifics than before filling. Males used a higher percentage of available feeders and visited them more throughout the deployment periods. Although these nuanced alterations in behavior may not be strong enough to increase local deer abundance, in light of infectious diseases affecting deer populations and effective ‘4-Poster’ densities, the core range shifts and clustering after refilling bait may be a cause for concern. As such, trade-offs between conflicting management goals should be carefully considered when deploying ‘4-Poster’ stations.
When is a container a comonad?
Creators: name: Ahman, Danel
name: Chapman, James
name: Uustalu, Tarmo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Abbott, Altenkirch, Ghani and others have taught us that many parameterized datatypes (set functors) can be usefully analyzed via container representations in terms of a set of shapes and a set of positions in each shape. This paper builds on the observation that datatypes often carry additional structure that containers alone do not account for. We introduce directed containers to capture the common situation where every position in a data-structure determines another data-structure, informally, the sub-data-structure rooted by that position. Some natural examples are non-empty lists and node-labelled trees, and data-structures with a designated position (zippers). While containers denote set functors via a fully-faithful functor, directed containers interpret fully-faithfully into comonads. But more is true: every comonad whose underlying functor is a container is represented by a directed container. In fact, directed containers are the same as containers that are comonads. We also describe some constructions of directed containers. We have formalized our development in the dependently typed programming language Agda.
V3 Loop Truncations in HIV-1 Envelope Impart Resistance to Coreceptor Inhibitors and Enhanced Sensitivity to Neutralizing Antibodies
Creators: name: Leslie, George J.
name: Jordan, Andrea P. O.
name: Doms, Robert W.
name: Biscone, Mark
name: Agrawal, Caroline
name: Romano, Josephine
name: Su, Lishan
name: Haggarty, Beth
name: Hoxie, James A.
name: Meissner, Eric G.
name: Laakso, Meg M.
name: Lee, Fang-Hua
name: Nolan, Katrina M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The V1/V2 region and the V3 loop of the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) envelope (Env) protein are targets for neutralizing antibodies and also play an important functional role, with the V3 loop largely determining whether a virus uses CCR5 (R5), CXCR4 (X4), or either coreceptor (R5X4) to infect cells. While the sequence of V3 is variable, its length is highly conserved. Structural studies indicate that V3 length may be important for interactions with the extracellular loops of the coreceptor. Consistent with this view, genetic truncation of the V3 loop is typically associated with loss of Env function. We removed approximately one-half of the V3 loop from three different HIV-1 strains, and found that only the Env protein from the R5X4 strain R3A retained some fusion activity. Loss of V1/V2 (ΔV1/V2) was well tolerated by this virus. Passaging of virus with the truncated V3 loop resulted in the derivation of a virus strain that replicated with wild-type kinetics. This virus, termed TA1, retained the V3 loop truncation and acquired several adaptive changes in gp120 and gp41. TA1 could use CCR5 but not CXCR4 to infect cells, and was extremely sensitive to neutralization by HIV-1 positive human sera, and by antibodies to the CD4 binding site and to CD4-induced epitopes in the bridging sheet region of gp120. In addition, TA1 was completely resistant to CCR5 inhibitors, and was more dependent upon the N-terminal domain of CCR5, a region of the receptor that is thought to contact the bridging sheet of gp120 and the base of the V3 loop, and whose conformation may not be greatly affected by CCR5 inhibitors. These studies suggest that the V3 loop protects HIV from neutralization by antibodies prevalent in infected humans, that CCR5 inhibitors likely act by disrupting interactions between the V3 loop and the coreceptor, and that altered use of CCR5 by HIV-1 associated with increased sensitivity to changes in the N-terminal domain can be linked to high levels of resistance to these antiviral compounds.
Host Cell Egress and Invasion Induce Marked Relocations of Glycolytic Enzymes in Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites
Creators: name: Luk, Flora C. Y.
name: Pomel, Sebastien
name: Beckers, Con J. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Apicomplexan parasites are dependent on an F-actin and myosin-based motility system for their invasion into and escape from animal host cells, as well as for their general motility. In Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium species, the actin filaments and myosin motor required for this process are located in a narrow space between the parasite plasma membrane and the underlying inner membrane complex, a set of flattened cisternae that covers most the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane. Here we show that the energy required for Toxoplasma motility is derived mostly, if not entirely, from glycolysis and lactic acid production. We also demonstrate that the glycolytic enzymes of Toxoplasma tachyzoites undergo a striking relocation from the parasites' cytoplasm to their pellicles upon Toxoplasma egress from host cells. Specifically, it appears that the glycolytic enzymes are translocated to the cytoplasmic face of the inner membrane complex as well as to the space between the plasma membrane and inner membrane complex. The glycolytic enzymes remain pellicle-associated during extended incubations of parasites in the extracellular milieu and do not revert to a cytoplasmic location until well after parasites have completed invasion of new host cells. Translocation of glycolytic enzymes to and from the Toxoplasma pellicle appears to occur in response to changes in extracellular [K+] experienced during egress and invasion, a signal that requires changes of [Ca2+]c in the parasite during egress. Enzyme translocation is, however, not dependent on either F-actin or intact microtubules. Our observations indicate that Toxoplasma gondii is capable of relocating its main source of energy between its cytoplasm and pellicle in response to exit from or entry into host cells. We propose that this ability allows Toxoplasma to optimize ATP delivery to those cellular processes that are most critical for survival outside host cells and those required for growth and replication of intracellular parasites.
Immune Mechanisms Responsible for Vaccination against and Clearance of Mucosal and Lymphatic Norovirus Infection
Creators: name: Virgin, Herbert W.
name: LoBue, Anna D.
name: Baric, Ralph S.
name: Strong, David W.
name: Chachu, Karen A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Two cardinal manifestations of viral immunity are efficient clearance of acute infection and the capacity to vaccinate against secondary viral exposure. For noroviruses, the contributions of T cells to viral clearance and vaccination have not been elucidated. We report here that both CD4 and CD8 T cells are required for efficient clearance of primary murine norovirus (MNV) infection from the intestine and intestinal lymph nodes. Further, long-lasting protective immunity was generated by oral live virus vaccination. Systemic vaccination with the MNV capsid protein also effectively protected against mucosal challenge, while vaccination with the capsid protein of the distantly related human Lordsdale virus provided partial protection. Fully effective vaccination required a broad immune response including CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and B cells, but the importance of specific immune cell types varied between the intestine and intestinal lymph nodes. Perforin, but not interferon gamma, was required for clearance of MNV infection by adoptively transferred T lymphocytes from vaccinated hosts. These studies prove the feasibility of both mucosal and systemic vaccination against mucosal norovirus infection, demonstrate tissue specificity of norovirus immune cells, and indicate that efficient vaccination strategies should induce potent CD4 and CD8 T cell responses.
Gap generation in Weyl semimetals in a model with local four-fermion interaction
Creators: name: Sukhachov, P. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the gap generation in Weyl semimetals in a model with local four-fermion interaction. It is shown that there exists a critical value of coupling constant separating the symmetric and broken symmetry phases, and the corresponding phase diagram is described. The gap generation in a more general class of Weyl materials with small bare gap is studied, and the quasiparticle energy spectrum is determined. It is found that, in this case, the dynamically generated gap leads to additional splitting of the quasiparticle energy bands.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
On Investigating the Dynamical Factors Modulating Surface Chlorophyll-a Variability along the South Java Coast
Creators: name: Mandal, Samiran
name: Susanto, Raden Dwi
name: Ramakrishnan, Balaji
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: Java
chlorophyll-a concentration
upwelling
Eddy dynamics
South Java coastal currents
Indian Ocean Dipole
marine heatwaves

description: Twelve years of remotely sensed all-sat merged chlorophyll-a concentration unveils strong signatures of chlorophyll-a blooms along the south Java coast. An unprecedented three-times increase in chlorophyll-a concentration is significantly observed along the south Java coast during the southeast monsoon (June–October) than the northwest monsoon (December–April). The multiple regression analysis of dynamic factors evidently indicates that seasonal upwelling is predominantly controlled by the seasonally evolving coastal eddies associated with the seasonally reversing south Java coastal currents (SJCC) and Ekman mass transport (EMT), followed by the relative roles of sea surface temperature (SST) and wind stress curl. The eddy-induced upwelling and EMT-induced coastal upwelling lead to chlorophyll-a blooms during southeast monsoon, well-supported by the entrainment of cold and saline waters (thermocline doming) with low spiciness. On the other hand, the coastal eddies associated with SJCC and SST anomalies play a significant role in modulating the interannual surface chlorophyll-a variability in the domain. Intense chlorophyll-a blooms are observed during the positive IOD years, whereas the least chlorophyll-a concentration is observed during the negative IOD years. The unprecedentedly least chlorophyll-a concentrations during 2010 and 2016 are attributed to the intense and prolonged surface marine heatwaves.
Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Tidal Mixing Signatures in Indonesian Seas from High-Resolution Sea Surface Temperature
Creators: name: Susanto, Raden Dwi
name: Ray, Richard D.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: Indonesian seas
tidal mixing
spring-neap tide
fortnightly
Indonesian throughflow
monsoon
enso
Indian Ocean Dipole

description: With their complex narrow passages and vigorous mixing, the Indonesian seas provide the only low-latitude pathway between the Pacific and Indian Oceans and thus play an essential role in regulating Pacific-Indian Ocean exchange, regional air-sea interaction, and ultimately, global climate phenomena. While previous investigations using remote sensing and numerical simulations strongly suggest that this mixing is tidally driven, the impacts of monsoon and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on tidal mixing in the Indonesian seas must play an important role. Here we use high-resolution sea surface temperature from June 2002 to June 2021 to reveal monsoon and ENSO modulations of mixing. The largest spring-neap (fortnightly) signals are found to be localized in the narrow passages/straits and sills, with more vigorous tidal mixing during the southeast (boreal summer) monsoon and El Niño than that during the northwest (boreal winter monsoon) and La Niña. Therefore, tidal mixing, which necessarily responds to seasonal and interannual changes in stratification, must also play a feedback role in regulating seasonal and interannual variability of water mass transformations and Indonesian throughflow. The findings have implications for longer-term variations and changes of Pacific–Indian ocean water mass transformation, circulation, and climate.
A New Method for Generating the SMOPS Blended Satellite Soil Moisture Data Product without Relying on a Model Climatology
Creators: name: Yin, Jifu
name: Zhan, Xiwu
name: Liu, Jicheng
name: Ferraro, Ralph R.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: SMOPS
soil moisture
bias-correction

description: Soil moisture operational product system (SMOPS) is developed by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to provide the real-time blended soil moisture (SM) for numeric weather prediction and national water model applications. However, all individual satellite SM data ingested into the current operational SMOPS are scaled to global land data assimilation system (GLDAS) 0–10 cm SM climatology before the combination. As a result, the useful information from the original microwave SM retrievals could be lost, and the GLDAS model errors could be brought into the final SMOPS blended product. In this paper, we propose to scale the individual SM retrievals to the soil moisture active passive (SMAP) data through building regression models. The rescaled individual SM data and the SMAP observations then have similar climatology and dynamics, which allows producing the SMOPScdr (distinguishing with the current operational SMOPSopr) data using an equal-weight averaging approach. With respect to the in situ SM measurements, the developed SMOPScdr is more successful tracking the surface SM status than the individual satellite SM products with significantly decreased errors. The proposed method also preserves the climatology of the reference SMAP data for the period when SMAP is not available, allowing us to produce a long-term SMOPScdr data product.
New Ideas for Brain Modelling 2
Creators: name: Greer, Kieran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes a relatively simple way of allowing a brain model to self-organise its concept patterns through nested structures. For a simulation, time reduction is helpful and it would be able to show how patterns may form and then fire in sequence, as part of a search or thought process. It uses a very simple equation to show how the inhibitors in particular, can switch off certain areas, to allow other areas to become the prominent ones and thereby define the current brain state. This allows for a small amount of control over what appears to be a chaotic structure inside of the brain. It is attractive because it is still mostly mechanical and therefore can be added as an automatic process, or the modelling of that. The paper also describes how the nested pattern structure can be used as a basic counting mechanism. Another mathematical conclusion provides a basis for maintaining memory or concept patterns. The self-organisation can space itself through automatic processes. This might allow new neurons to be added in a more even manner and could help to maintain the concept integrity. The process might also help with finding memory structures afterwards. This extended version integrates further with the existing cognitive model and provides some new conclusions.
description: This is an extended version of arXiv:1403.6274, with a different conclusions section as well
Analysing road traffic crash causation from a systems-based perspective: applying the Driver Reliability and Error Analysis Method
Creators: name: Talbot, Rachel
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Design not elsewhere classified

description: This thesis comprises eight peer reviewed publications which were published between 2008 and 2020. Six of these present analyses using the Driver Reliability and Error Analysis Method (DREAM) crash causation method. The remaining publications employ two other systems-based crash causation methods to explore the potential benefits of non-DREAM alternatives. These publications represent a number of contributions to the application and further development of methods over the course of the 12-year research programme, which have helped to build a more systemic understanding of road crash causality. This thesis demonstrates the new contributions to knowledge made by the application of DREAM, and subsequent refinement of the analysis procedures, to large datasets and less ideal data sources. In the first part of the thesis the application of the DREAM method to a large European road crash causation database is described and evaluated. The publications presented establish procedures for applying the DREAM method and demonstrate its effectiveness in describing crash causation. The second part of the thesis documents the analysis of data from UK fatal collision investigation reports using two alternative systems-based methods (a project specific case-study based method and AcciMap) before exploring the potential role of DREAM to analyse such data. This was the first time DREAM had been applied to data generated from UK fatal collision investigation reports and represents an expansion of the DREAM method. This thesis demonstrates that DREAM is an effective methodology in identifying the contributory factors of crashes within large European datasets and can be used to address a variety of different research questions. With its use within the European Commission supported projects SafetyNet, DaCoTA and SaferWheels, DREAM is the most widely applied systems-based causation analysis methodology in road safety. This thesis demonstrates that DREAM can be used as a valuable tool to allow systems methodologies to be applied within a road safety context by producing systematic crash causation analyses. The individual publications included in this thesis also provide examples of the new knowledge that can be generated by conducting analyses, for example, the role of inattention and distraction in crashes and the main causes of Powered Two-Wheeler collisions that occur at junctions. In the future the DREAM taxonomy could be combined with other established systems based accident causation methodologies such as AcciMap to provide broader knowledge on road crash causation.
Avian Influenza Virus Glycoproteins Restrict Virus Replication and Spread through Human Airway Epithelium at Temperatures of the Proximal Airways
Creators: name: Pickles, Raymond J.
name: Scull, Margaret A.
name: Subbarao, Kanta
name: Roberts, Kim L.
name: Santos, Celia
name: Barclay, Wendy S.
name: Bordonali, Elena
name: Gillim-Ross, Laura
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Transmission of avian influenza viruses from bird to human is a rare event even though avian influenza viruses infect the ciliated epithelium of human airways in vitro and ex vivo. Using an in vitro model of human ciliated airway epithelium (HAE), we demonstrate that while human and avian influenza viruses efficiently infect at temperatures of the human distal airways (37°C), avian, but not human, influenza viruses are restricted for infection at the cooler temperatures of the human proximal airways (32°C). These data support the hypothesis that avian influenza viruses, ordinarily adapted to the temperature of the avian enteric tract (40°C), rarely infect humans, in part due to differences in host airway regional temperatures. Previously, a critical residue at position 627 in the avian influenza virus polymerase subunit, PB2, was identified as conferring temperature-dependency in mammalian cells. Here, we use reverse genetics to show that avianization of residue 627 attenuates a human virus, but does not account for the different infection between 32°C and 37°C. To determine the mechanism of temperature restriction of avian influenza viruses in HAE at 32°C, we generated recombinant human influenza viruses in either the A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2) or A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) genetic background that contained avian or avian-like glycoproteins. Two of these viruses, A/Victoria/3/75 with L226Q and S228G mutations in hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) from A/Chick/Italy/1347/99 and A/PR/8/34 containing the H7 and N1 from A/Chick/Italy/1347/99, exhibited temperature restriction approaching that of wholly avian influenza viruses. These data suggest that influenza viruses bearing avian or avian-like surface glycoproteins have a reduced capacity to establish productive infection at the temperature of the human proximal airways. This temperature restriction may limit zoonotic transmission of avian influenza viruses and suggests that adaptation of avian influenza viruses to efficient infection at 32°C may represent a critical evolutionary step enabling human-to-human transmission.
Compartmentalized Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Originates from Long-Lived Cells in Some Subjects with HIV-1–Associated Dementia
Creators: name: Schnell, Gretja
name: Harrington, Patrick
name: Price, Richard W.
name: Swanstrom, Ronald
name: Spudich, Serena
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) invades the central nervous system (CNS) shortly after systemic infection and can result in the subsequent development of HIV-1–associated dementia (HAD) in a subset of infected individuals. Genetically compartmentalized virus in the CNS is associated with HAD, suggesting autonomous viral replication as a factor in the disease process. We examined the source of compartmentalized HIV-1 in the CNS of subjects with HIV-1–associated neurological disease and in asymptomatic subjects who were initiating antiretroviral therapy. The heteroduplex tracking assay (HTA), targeting the variable regions of env, was used to determine which HIV-1 genetic variants in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were compartmentalized and which variants were shared with the blood plasma. We then measured the viral decay kinetics of individual variants after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Compartmentalized HIV-1 variants in the CSF of asymptomatic subjects decayed rapidly after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy, with a mean half-life of 1.57 days. Rapid viral decay was also measured for CSF-compartmentalized variants in four HAD subjects (t1/2 mean = 2.27 days). However, slow viral decay was measured for CSF-compartmentalized variants from an additional four subjects with neurological disease (t1/2 range = 9.85 days to no initial decay). The slow decay detected for CSF-compartmentalized variants was not associated with poor CNS drug penetration, drug resistant virus in the CSF, or the presence of X4 virus genotypes. We found that the slow decay measured for CSF-compartmentalized variants in subjects with neurological disease was correlated with low peripheral CD4 cell count and reduced CSF pleocytosis. We propose a model in which infiltrating macrophages replace CD4+ T cells as the primary source of productive viral replication in the CNS to maintain high viral loads in the CSF in a substantial subset of subjects with HAD.
CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL PERSONAL QUALITIES OF FUTURE EDUCATORS
Creators: name: Khabilova, S.T.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: There are various forms and methods of developing the skills of future educators, and they can be implemented step by step. Among the many forms and methods aimed at developing competence in working with educators, the following can be distinguished: Seminar - creative classes aimed at developing creative thinking and creating innovative projects. game modeling business and role-playing games involve the modeling of a real process, during which optimal professional decisions are made based on the analysis of artificially created pedagogical situations. Collective problem solving, group discussion or brainstorming; trainings in small groups to improve professional skills, methods of self-education, scientific and practical conferences on the results of innovative activities of preschool educational institutions.
Predictive Capabilities of Avalanche Models for Solar Flares
Creators: name: Strugarek, Antoine
name: Charbonneau, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We assess the predictive capabilities of various classes of avalanche models for solar flares. We demonstrate that avalanche models cannot generally be used to predict specific events due to their high sensitivity to their embedded stochastic process. We show that deterministically driven models can nevertheless alleviate this caveat and be efficiently used for large events predictions. Our results promote a new approach for large (typically X-class) solar flares predictions based on simple and computationally inexpensive avalanche models.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in Solar Physics
Pilot-Scale Production of the Natural Colorant Laetiporic Acid, Its Stability and Potential Applications
Creators: name: Bergmann, Pia
name: Frank, Christina
name: Reinhardt, Olena
name: Takenberg, Meike
name: Werner, Anett
name: Berger, Ralf G.
name: Ersoy, Franziska
name: Zschaetzsch, Marlen
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: laetiporic acid
subject: Laetiporus sulphureus
subject: natural colorants
subject: natural dye
subject: basidiomycete
subject: bioprocess
subject: submerged fermentation
subject: biotechnology
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Laetiporus sulphureus, a wood-decaying basidiomycete, produces yellow-orange pigments in fruiting bodies and, as was recently shown, in submerged cultivated mycelia. Out of four strains, the most potent laetiporic acid producer was identified and its yield compared in different media. The complex Moser b medium was replaced by potato dextrose broth, achieving higher yields at a lower cost. Cultivation was then scaled up from shake flask to a 7 L stirred tank bioreactor. Optimization of parameters led to increased product concentrations up to 1 g L−1, the highest yield reported so far. An in situ product recovery strategy with a biphasic system was established, increasing the yield by 19% on the shake flask scale. A crude ethanolic extract of the biomass was examined for color stability and application trials. In contrast to what has been suggested in the past, the pigment showed limited long-term stability to oxygen and light, but was stable under storage in the dark at 4 °C under nitrogen. The orange extract was successfully incorporated into different matrices like foods, cosmetics and textiles. Laetiporic acid can potentially replace petrochemical based synthetic dyes, and can thus support the development of a circular bioeconomy.
Methylation-Dependent Binding of the Epstein-Barr Virus BZLF1 Protein to Viral Promoters
Creators: name: Gruffat, Henri
name: Dickerson, Sarah J.
name: Kenney, Shannon C.
name: Robinson, Amanda R.
name: Xing, Yongna
name: Seaman, William T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The switch between latent and lytic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is mediated by the viral immediate-early (IE) protein, BZLF1 (Z). Z, a homologue of c-jun that binds to AP1-like motifs (ZREs), induces expression of the BRLF1 (R) and BRRF1 (Na) viral proteins, which cooperatively activate transcription of the Z promoter and thereby establish a positive autoregulatory loop. A unique feature of Z is its ability to preferentially bind to, and activate, the methylated form of the BRLF1 promoter (Rp). To date, however, Rp is the only EBV promoter known to be regulated in this unusual manner. We now demonstrate that the promoter driving transcription of the early BRRF1 gene (Nap) has two CpG-containing ZREs (ACGCTCA and TCGCCCG) that are only bound by Z in the methylated state. Both Nap ZREs are highly methylated in cells with latent EBV infection. Z efficiently activates the methylated, but not unmethylated, form of Nap in reporter gene assays, and both ZREs are required. Z serine residue 186, which was previously shown to be required for Z binding to methylated ZREs in Rp, but not for Z binding to the AP1 site, is required for Z binding to methylated Nap ZREs. The Z(S186A) mutant cannot activate methylated Nap in reporter gene assays and does not induce Na expression in cells with latent EBV infection. Molecular modeling studies of Z bound to the methylated Nap ZREs help to explain why methylation is required for Z binding, and the role of the Z Ser186 residue. Methylation-dependent Z binding to critical viral promoters may enhance lytic reactivation in latently infected cells, where the viral genome is heavily methylated. Conversely, since the incoming viral genome is initially unmethylated, methylation-dependent Z activation may also help the virus to establish latency following infection.
Precision lifetime measurement of the cesium $6P_{3/2}$ level using ultrafast pump-probe laser pulses
Creators: name: Patterson, Brian M.
name: Sell, Jerry F.
name: Ehrenreich, Thomas
name: Gearba, Mirela A.
name: Brooke, George M.
name: Scoville, James
name: Knize, Randy J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the inherent timing stability of pulses from a mode-locked laser, we have precisely measured the cesium $6P_{3/2}$ excited state lifetime. An initial pump pulse excites cesium atoms in two counter-propagating atomic beams to the $6P_{3/2}$ level. A subsequent synchronized probe pulse ionizes atoms which remain in the excited state, and the photo-ions are collected and counted. By selecting pump pulses which vary in time with respect to the probe pulses, we obtain a sampling of the excited state population in time, resulting in a lifetime value of 30.462(46) ns. The measurement uncertainty (0.15%) is larger than our previous report of 0.12% [Phys. Rev. A 84, 010501(R) (2011)] due to the inclusion of additional data and systematic errors. In this follow-up paper we present details of the primary systematic errors encountered in the measurement, which include atomic motion within the intensity profiles of the laser beams, quantum beating in the photo-ion signal, and radiation trapping. Improvements to further reduce the experimental uncertainty are also discussed
description: 12 pages, 13 figures; submitted to Physical Review A
Mucosal Lipocalin 2 Has Pro-Inflammatory and Iron-Sequestering Effects in Response to Bacterial Enterobactin
Creators: name: Bachman, Michael A.
name: Weiser, Jeffrey N.
name: Miller, Virginia L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Nasal colonization by both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens induces expression of the innate immune protein lipocalin 2 (Lcn2). Lcn2 binds and sequesters the iron-scavenging siderophore enterobactin (Ent), preventing bacterial iron acquisition. In addition, Lcn2 bound to Ent induces release of IL-8 from cultured respiratory cells. As a countermeasure, pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family such as Klebsiella pneumoniae produce additional siderophores such as yersiniabactin (Ybt) and contain the iroA locus encoding an Ent glycosylase that prevents Lcn2 binding. Whereas the ability of Lcn2 to sequester iron is well described, the ability of Lcn2 to induce inflammation during infection is unknown. To study each potential effect of Lcn2 on colonization, we exploited K. pneumoniae mutants that are predicted to be susceptible to Lcn2-mediated iron sequestration (iroA ybtS mutant) or inflammation (iroA mutant), or to not interact with Lcn2 (entB mutant). During murine nasal colonization, the iroA ybtS double mutant was inhibited in an Lcn2-dependent manner, indicating that the iroA locus protects against Lcn2-mediated growth inhibition. Since the iroA single mutant was not inhibited, production of Ybt circumvents the iron sequestration effect of Lcn2 binding to Ent. However, colonization with the iroA mutant induced an increased influx of neutrophils compared to the entB mutant. This enhanced neutrophil response to Ent-producing K. pneumoniae was Lcn2-dependent. These findings suggest that Lcn2 has both pro-inflammatory and iron-sequestering effects along the respiratory mucosa in response to bacterial Ent. Therefore, Lcn2 may represent a novel mechanism of sensing microbial metabolism to modulate the host response appropriately.
CLASH-VLT: The stellar mass function and stellar mass density profile of the z=0.44 cluster of galaxies MACS J1206.2-0847
Creators: name: Annunziatella, M.
name: Biviano, A.
name: Mercurio, A.
name: Nonino, M.
name: Rosati, P.
name: Balestra, I.
name: Presotto, V.
name: Girardi, M.
name: Gobat, R.
name: Grillo, C.
name: Kelson, D.
name: Medezinski, E.
name: Postman, M.
name: Scodeggio, M.
name: Brescia, M.
name: Demarco, R.
name: Fritz, A.
name: Koekemoer, A.
name: Lemze, D.
name: Lombardi, M.
name: Sartoris, B.
name: Umetsu, K.
name: Vanzella, E.
name: Bradley, L.
name: Coe, D.
name: Donahue, M.
name: Infante, L.
name: Kuchner, U.
name: Maier, C.
name: Regos, E.
name: Verdugo, M.
name: Ziegler, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The study of the galaxy stellar mass function (SMF) in relation to the galaxy environment and the stellar mass density profile, rho(r), is a powerful tool to constrain models of galaxy evolution. Aims. We determine the SMF of the z=0.44 cluster of galaxies MACS J1206.2-0847 separately for passive and star-forming (SF) galaxies, in different regions of the cluster, from the center out to approximately 2 virial radii. We also determine rho(r) to compare it to the number density and total mass density profiles. Methods. We use the dataset from the CLASH-VLT survey. Stellar masses are obtained by SED fitting on 5-band photometric data obtained at the Subaru telescope. We identify 1363 cluster members down to a stellar mass of 10^9.5 Msolar. Results. The whole cluster SMF is well fitted by a double Schechter function. The SMFs of cluster SF and passive galaxies are statistically different. The SMF of the SF cluster galaxies does not depend on the environment. The SMF of the passive population has a significantly smaller slope (in absolute value) in the innermost (<0.50 Mpc), highest density cluster region, than in more external, lower density regions. The number ratio of giant/subgiant galaxies is maximum in this innermost region and minimum in the adjacent region, but then gently increases again toward the cluster outskirts. This is also reflected in a decreasing radial trend of the average stellar mass per cluster galaxy. On the other hand, the stellar mass fraction, i.e., the ratio of stellar to total cluster mass, does not show any significant radial trend. Conclusions. Our results appear consistent with a scenario in which SF galaxies evolve into passive galaxies due to density-dependent environmental processes, and eventually get destroyed very near the cluster center to become part of a diffuse intracluster medium.
description: A&A accepted, 15 pages, 13 figures
MPEC 2023-F227 : 2023 FV10
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 FV10

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Geometrical confinement effects in layered mesoscopic vortex-matter
Creators: name: Bolecek, N. R. Cejas
name: Dolz, M. I.
name: Kolton, A.
name: Pastoriza, H.
name: van der Beek, C. J.
name: Konczykowski, M.
name: Menghini, M.
name: de la Cruz, F.
name: Nieva, G.
name: Fasano, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study geometrical confinement effects in Bi$_{2}$Sr$_{2}$CaCu$_{2}$O$_{8 +δ}$ mesoscopic vortex-matter with edge-to-surface ratio of $7-12$%. Samples have in-plane square and circular edges, 30\,$μ$m widths, and $\sim 2\,μ$m thickness. Direct vortex imaging reveals the compact planes of the structure align with the sample edge by introducing topological defects. The defects density is larger for circular than for square edges. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest this density is not an out-of-equilibrium property but rather determined by the geometrical confinement.
description: accepted in Journal of Low Temperature Physics
The attractor for a nonlinear reaction-diffusion system in an unbounded domain
Creators: name: Efendiev, Messoud
name: Zelik, Sergey
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Reaction-diffusion systems
subject: unbounded domains
subject: global attractor
subject: trajectory attractor
subject: Hausdorff and fractal dimension
subject: 35B40
subject: 35B45

description: In this paper the quasilinear second order parabolic systems of reaction-diffusion type in an unbounded domain are considered. Our aim in this article is to study the long-time behaviour of parabolic systems for which the nonlinearity depends explicitely on the gradient of the unknown functions. To this end we give a systematic study of given parabolic systems and their attractors in weighted Sobolev spaces. Dependence of the Hausdorff dimension of attractors from weight of the Sobolev spaces are considered.
Adaptive estimation of linear functionals in Hilbert scales from indirect white noise observations
Creators: name: Goldenshluger, Alexander
name: Pereverzev, Sergei V.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Adaptive estimation
subject: discretization
subject: Hilbert scales
subject: inverse problems
subject: linear functionals
subject: regularization
subject: minimax risk
subject: 62G05
subject: 65J10
subject: 41A25

description: We consider adaptive estimating the value of a linear functional from indirect white noise observations. For a flexible approach, the problem is embedded in an abstract Hilbert scale. We develop an adaptive estimator that is rate optimal within a logarithmic factor simultaneously over a wide collection of balls in the Hilbert scale. It is shown that the proposed estimator has the best possible adaptive properties for a wide range of linear functionals. The case of discretized indirect white noise observations is studied, and the adaptive estimator in this setting is developed.
Pre-Micro RNA Signatures Delineate Stages of Endothelial Cell Transformation in Kaposi Sarcoma
Creators: name: O'Hara, Andrea J.
name: Damania, Blossom
name: Dittmer, Dirk P.
name: Harrington, William J.
name: Netto, Eduardo M.
name: Dezube, Bruce J.
name: Wang, Ling
name: Luz, Estrella
name: Chugh, Pauline
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: MicroRNAs (miRNA) have emerged as key regulators of cell lineage differentiation and cancer. We used precursor miRNA profiling by a novel real-time QPCR method (i) to define progressive stages of endothelial cell transformation cumulating in Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and (ii) to identify specific miRNAs that serve as biomarkers for tumor progression. We were able to compare primary patient biopsies to well-established culture and mouse tumor models. Loss of mir-221 and gain of mir-15 expression demarked the transition from merely immortalized to fully tumorigenic endothelial cells. Mir-140 and Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus viral miRNAs increased linearly with the degree of transformation. Mir-24 emerged as a biomarker specific for KS.
Estimating the reproduction number of Ebola virus (EBOV) during the 2014 outbreak in West Africa
Creators: name: Althaus, Christian L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The 2014 Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak in West Africa is the largest outbreak of the genus Ebolavirus to date. To better understand the spread of infection in the affected countries, it is crucial to know the number of secondary cases generated by an infected index case in the absence and presence of control measures, i.e., the basic and effective reproduction number. In this study, I describe the EBOV epidemic using an SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered) model and fit the model to the most recent reported data of infected cases and deaths in Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia. The maximum likelihood estimates of the basic reproduction number are 1.51 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50-1.52) for Guinea, 2.53 (95% CI: 2.41-2.67) for Sierra Leone and 1.59 (95% CI: 1.57-1.60) for Liberia. The model indicates that in Guinea and Sierra Leone the effective reproduction number might have dropped to around unity by the end of May and July 2014, respectively. In Liberia, however, the model estimates no decline in the effective reproduction number by end-August 2014. This suggests that control efforts in Liberia need to be improved substantially in order to stop the current outbreak.
description: Published version, PLOS Currents Outbreaks. 2014 Sep 2