cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Immunomodulation and Inflammation Caused by 4th-generation E-cigarettes and Dual Use with THC
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Cigarette smoking causes inflammation in the lung and systemically, which drives inflammatory lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and inflammatory diseases throughout the body, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Together, COPD and CVD are the 1st-3rd leading causes of death worldwide. Over the past several years, we and others have unfortunately found that chronic use of e-cigarette tobacco products is not without risk, with detrimental alterations in inflammation, physiology, and immune function. Most recently, in a pilot study utilizing human subjects recruited in 2017, we found significant pulmonary and systemic inflammatory and innate immune (neutrophil and monocyte) changes in e-cigarette users. These findings support our hypothesis that chronic use of e-cigarettes will lead to both lung and systemic inflammation and downstream diseases, and thus propagate tobacco related diseases. In this proposal we leverage airway and blood samples obtained from human subjects recruited via our TRDRP High Impact Pilot Award and Supplement (2019-2022) to define the inflammatory changes and immunomodulation caused by chronic use of 4th generation, high-nicotine, pod-based e-cigarettes. Further, our survey-based studies and recruitment of human subjects have both found a high rate of dual use of nicotine e-cigarettes with inhaled forms of cannabis, particularly vaped tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). These patterns of dual use (THC + nicotine vaping) are even higher in populations disproportionally affected by tobacco, including Hispanics, American Indians, and Black Americans. For the work proposed, we will leverage blood and sputum samples collected from a cohort of dual users of nicotine e-cigarettes and THC vape devices, plus a cohort of THC-only vapers, to assess for additive or synergistic effects of pulmonary and systemic inflammation, and on circulating host immune cell phenotypes. The data generated from the proposed aims will increase our understanding of tobacco-related diseases which will arise from long-term use of e-cigarettes, both those containing nicotine and those containing THC.
Impact of tobacco use, secondhand tobacco exposure, and cannabis use on school system costs
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Youth tobacco use is prevalent. Despite many parents having smoke-free homes, fewer enforce vape-free policies. Active tobacco use and passive tobacco exposure pose health risks to kids. However, the full manifestation of diseases takes time. Hence, healthcare costs related to tobacco use and secondhand exposure among kids might not fully capture the short-run economic impact. Tobacco use and secondhand exposure are more likely to lead to kids missing school (absenteeism) and having behavior/learning problems. Research has found that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder resulting from secondhand smoke exposure imposes a burden on schools four times greater than on the healthcare system. Tobacco use and secondhand exposure among kids will impact schools in various ways, including funding losses due to absenteeism, increased costs associated with addressing and reducing tobacco use, counseling for behavioral issues related to tobacco use, and managing hazardous tobacco product waste. School resource reduction can jeopardize educational quality, potentially exacerbating tobacco-related disparities. Unfortunately, little scientific attention has been given to schools' financial burdens in this context. Our study delves into the school costs attributable to youth tobacco use (ages 12-17) and secondhand exposure in children (ages 6-11) at home. Given the popularity of cannabis use among California youth and the similar but unknown effects of cannabis use on school funding loss from absenteeism and school costs, we will also consider the impacts of youth cannabis use for a more comprehensive analysis. We will estimate California annual school funding losses from absenteeism associated with the use of e-cigarettes, combustible tobacco, cannabis for youth, and secondhand tobacco exposure at home for children. We will also examine the disparities in funding losses by socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and rural/urban residency. Lastly, we will estimate the economic impact of youth tobacco and cannabis use on school costs, considering costs related to waste management, support programs, and monitoring efforts and comparing these costs across urban and rural schools. The findings of our study will help conduct impact evaluations of the state and local tobacco control policies, informing effective decisions for advancing the tobacco endgame strategy.
Additional file 1 of Push out bond strength of hydraulic cements used at different thicknesses
Creators: name: Durán, C. Ruiz
name: Gancedo-Caravia, Dra L.
name: González, V. Vera
name: Losada, C. González
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. 1. Push-out bond strength results and stadistical analysis results. 1.1 ESTADÍSTICA DESCRIPTIVA instead Descriptive stadistics. 1.2. Test de normalidad instead Normality test. 1.3. ANÁLISIS DE VARIANZA instead Bifactorial Anova Test.
Supplemental Material, sj-docx-1-ahp-10.1177_0890117120919366 - Who Uses Wearable Activity Trackers and Why? A Comparison of Former and Current Users in the United States
Creators: name: Ciarán P. Friel
name: Garber, Carol Ewing
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplemental Material, sj-docx-1-ahp-10.1177_0890117120919366 for Who Uses Wearable Activity Trackers and Why? A Comparison of Former and Current Users in the United States by Ciarán P. Friel and Carol Ewing Garber in American Journal of Health Promotion
"NISHOTIY NING HUSN VA DIL DOSTONI HAMDA AYRIM MIFOLOGIK OBRAZLAR TALQINI".
Creators: name: Matmusayeva, Yulduzxon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Mazkur maqolada Muhammadniyoz Nishotiyning “Husn va Dil” dostonidagi ayrim mifologik obrazlar, dostonning xalq og’zaki ijodi bilan  o’xshash tomonlari tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, shoirning xalq an’analari, diniy–mifologik tasavvurlar bilan epik uslubni uyg‘unlashtirgani  haqida so‘z yuritildi. Maqolaning dolzarbligi, doston kompozitsion qurilishi boshqa dostonlarda uchramaydigan o’ziga xos farqli jihatlarini yoritib berishdir.
Optimizing small molecule degraders of HELLS helicase to overcome PARP inhibitor resistance in SCLC
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the US, accounting for about 1 in 5 of all cancer deaths. Approximately 15% of lung cancer patients are diagnosed with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), a highly aggressive cancer. SCLC is strikingly associated with tobacco: approximately 95% of SCLC patients have a history of tobacco use, and smoking cessation is currently the most effective primary prevention strategy. However, there are no effective treatments for patients with SCLC, who have an overall 5-year survival rate of <8%. Previously, SCLC cells were found to be sensitive to small molecule inhibitors that target a family of proteins called poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerases (or PARPs) that are involved in DNA repair. While there was a great deal of excitement around the possibility that PARP inhibitors could be effective treatments for SCLC, clinical trials disappointingly demonstrated that this class of inhibitors had only mixed results in patients. Understanding how SCLC resist PARP inhibitors and finding new drugs that overcome this resistance could greatly benefit patients with SCLC, who urgently need more effective treatment options. Genome-scale screens have recently identified a helicase (an enzyme that unwinds DNA) as a key driver of resistance to PARP inhibition. As such, drugging this helicase may boost the effectiveness of PARP inhibitors in SCLC. However, helicases in general have been difficult to drug, and there are no FDA-approved helicase inhibitors for cancer. To overcome this, we recently discovered small molecules that induce the degradation of this helicase and found that this could sensitize SCLC cells to PARP inhibition in cell culture models. Here, we propose to optimize our lead compounds so that they are suitable for use in mouse models of SCLC. If successful, we will have identified a novel therapeutic target for overcoming resistance to PARP inhibitors in SCLC. Moreover, we will have demonstrated that it is druggable, and our optimized compound will be poised for rapid development for future clinical studies. The proposed studies could lead to safer and more effective treatments for patients with SCLC, a cancer highly associated with tobacco use.
Additional file 1 of Can allele-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification be used for rapid detection of target-site herbicide resistance in Lolium spp.?
Creators: name: Panozzo, Silvia
name: Farinati, Silvia
name: Sattin, Maurizio
name: Scarabel, Laura
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1. Graphic representations of allelic variants of each target mutation: chromatogram details of the different ‘Reference tested plants’ focused on the mutation points of the ALS and ACCase genes.
JOM916233_Supplemental_material_CLN – Supplemental material for Mapping Patent Usage in Management Research: The State of Prior Art
Creators: name: Savage, Jeff P.
name: Mengge Li
name: Turner, Scott F.
name: Hatfield, Donald E.
name: Cardinal, Laura B.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150310 Organisation and Management Theory
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Supplemental material, JOM916233_Supplemental_material_CLN for Mapping Patent Usage in Management Research: The State of Prior Art by Jeff P. Savage, Mengge Li, Scott F. Turner, Donald E. Hatfield and Laura B. Cardinal in Journal of Management
SupplementalFile3 – Supplemental material for Exploring the relationship between parent–child communication about epilepsy and psychosocial well-being
Creators: name: O’Toole, Stephanie
name: Gallagher, Pamela
name: Benson, Ailbhe
name: Amre Shahwan
name: Austin, Joan K
name: Lambert, Veronica
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplemental material, SupplementalFile3 for Exploring the relationship between parent–child communication about epilepsy and psychosocial well-being by Stephanie O’Toole, Pamela Gallagher, Ailbhe Benson, Amre Shahwan, Joan K Austin and Veronica Lambert in Journal of Health Psychology
title:  Eigensystem Assignment Using Singular Value Decomposition
Creators: name: Alley, Ronald Dean
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1980

description: An interactive approach to computer-based control system design is formulated and presented. There are four key features to this approach. Singular value decomposition is used for several matrix operations, rather than Gaussian methods, for improved numerical accuracy. Dynamic memory allocation is implemented to reduce system core requirements for matrix storage. Interactive plant parameter modification is implemented to allow user interaction with the program~ reducing design time. Finally, disk input-output is minimized to increase response time.

This design system is demonstrated in examples in which distinct user specified eigenvalues are achieved, and eigenvectors close to a user specified set of eigenvectors~ in a least squares sense~ are computed.
Extended intervention for tobacco use (EXIT) for people experiencing homelessness
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: The goals of this proposal are to reduce the burden of tobacco use and associated chronic disease burden among people experiencing homelessness (PEH) – one of California’s priority populations. California has the highest rates of homelessness in the U.S., with 171,521 PEH on any given day, which is about one-fifths of the nation’s PEH. About half of the population experiencing homelessness in California resides in Los Angeles and San Francisco counties, the two counties that are the focus of this proposal. A 2023 study on California homelessness confirmed the high rates of cigarette smoking among PEH—70% among PEH compared to 6.2% in California and 11% nationally. PEH have lower rates of successful cessation than the general population, despite making similar number of quit attempts. To address these gaps, we conducted a pilot intervention using an innovative model leveraging community pharmacists to provide one-time tobacco treatment using the 5As (Ask, Advice, Assess, Assist and Arrange) model and arranged for monthly delivery of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for 3 months (“pharm-only”) to PEH staying in a homeless shelter in San Francisco, CA. The pharm-only intervention reduced consumption and increased quitting behaviors, but participants endorsed long-term behavioral and medication support to quit completely. In this proposal, we build on the 3-month pharm-only intervention by developing a protocol for an Extended Intervention for Tobacco use (EXIT) for PEH that consists of: 1) a single session of pharmacist-delivered 5As and monthly delivery of NRT for 6 months, and 2) health coach-delivered, weekly-to-monthly wellness-focused telephone coaching for 6 months addressing tobacco use within the context of co-occurring psychiatric and substance-use comorbidities. We will evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy on tobacco abstinence by conducting a randomized controlled trial of EXIT vs. the pharm-only intervention among 150 PEH staying in transitional shelters or short-term hotels in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California. This proposal is aligned with TRDRP’s priority of social and behavioral prevention and treatment of tobacco use and contributes to the California Endgame Initiative by increasing capacity for tobacco treatment among community-based organizations serving populations experiencing homelessness.
The Art of Resilience UC Climate Action Arts Network: engaging California’s public for change
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Scientific understanding of climate change has accelerated in recent decades, but climate action has yet to keep pace. As the impacts of climate change become increasingly evident and public concern gains momentum, it is a pivotal time to integrate the role of the arts and cultural sectors in closing the gap between knowledge and action. Cultural and artistic production are proven strategies uniquely positioned to amplify the awareness, insight, and vision required to raise awareness and inspire impactful public engagement. UC Climate Action Arts Network (CAAN) unites arts & culture programming rooted in climate justice to address the knowledge-action gap as a climate art movement with exhibitions, education, and experiential learning. CAAN works strategically with community partners to co-create climate action knowledge together while advancing the priorities of California’s Climate Adaptation Strategies to Strengthen Protections for Climate Vulnerable Communities by 1) Engaging with & building capacity in climate-vulnerable communities 2) Improving understanding of climate impacts on California’s communities. Informed by our 2019 MPRI Placemaking planning grant and the United Nations Art Charter for Climate Action, CAAN encompasses a network of interconnected arts centers, institutes, and research groups as a system-wide database of artists, research programs, centers that partner with communities, corporate, and civic affiliates fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and innovative research endeavors for public engagement, cultural preservation, urban design, and workforce development. CAAN identifies critical areas of emphasis, including relationships between humanity and nature, the imperative of ethically navigating issues of othering and belonging, and the aligned efforts for economic, political, and social change by empowering California communities. CAAN provides competitive research fellowships, individual scholars undertaking compelling arts field research to collaborative groups bridging diverse academic backgrounds. CAAN tackles vital questions at the intersection of art, ecology, human and more than human rights, harnessing the collective expertise of knowledge and creativity while leveraging the strengths of California's vibrant arts & culture sectors to protect the planet and effect meaningful change on a statewide and global scale.
Reimagining Refuge: California for Just Migrant Futures
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Amid climate change, political upheaval, and organized crime, record numbers of migrants are arriving at the US southern border seeking asylum. Many are families and youth. In cities like San Diego, up to 1000 people have landed daily, overwhelming NGOs and service providers. Once in the US, migrants’ needs intersect with enduring urban challenges, from homelessness to health disparities. The “crisis” (as dubbed by politicians like Trump and Abbott) has made immigration a key flashpoint in US politics. California, a border state that is 40% Latino and 28% foreign-born is poised to lead the way to reimagining the process of refuge. This project brings together leading UC immigration scholars, students, and organizations across California and the US-Mexico border to 1) conduct an unprecedented, multi-sited, and multi-scalar analysis of the impacts of US treatment of asylum seekers, by and for California’s immigrants, and 2) seed a just future for migrants. Funding will support two major initiatives: The PIs will collaborate with immigrant NGOs and UC graduate and undergraduate students to conduct interviews, participant observation, and art workshops with asylum-seeking families across California, in detention, at the US-Mexico border, and in Mexico en route to the United States. Researchers co-design the study with NGOs and service providers and work with migrants to understand their lived experiences. The study will connect California’s major regions and compare practices in California to other sites in the US and beyond. These data will provide a first-of-its kind understanding of the impacts of current US policies and enforcement practices for migrants, with a focus on youth and families. In addition, the study will identify, design, and test humane alternatives to border militarization, detention, and long-term urban limbo. We will build a California-wide community of scholars and practitioners reimagining and practicing just resettlement. We will offer small grants to UC faculty, graduate students, undergraduates, community organizers, and artists, to cultivate innovation and cross-sector dialogue. And, we will hold annual two-day convenings and regular workshops to bring together these groups and reimagine refuge, intellectually, artistically, and practically.
Materials Science for Climate-Proof Agriculture
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Agriculture is the highest value industry in the state of California, yielding ~$60 billion of output annually. However, there are several factors threatening the health and productivity of the agricultural sector. The principal challenge is the changing climate, but other factors such as availability of farmland and the growing population are also a massive challenge. In addition, agricultural research suffers from a severe lack of funding relative to perceived high-value areas such as biomedical research and health care. For instance, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has a ~$48 billion budget, which primarily funds biomedical research, while the National Institutes of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) only invests ~$90 million in research grants per year. The agricultural sector on its own is extremely important for the vibrancy of the California population, but when food security is considered, new research that could lead to improved crop yields directly impacts human health, as well. This proposal develops a multi-institutional and collaborative framework to relieve pressure on the agricultural sector by using materials science to grow plants in environments that do not require specific soil or climate conditions, essentially making plant growth ‘climate proof’. The interdisciplinary team includes a plant scientist, synthetic biologist, materials scientist and a mechanical engineer whose expertise is manufacturing. We aim to develop plant culture substrates that can be used in hydroponic or vertical farming practices that are self-fertilizing, provide resistance to pests and pathogens, and allow for precise control of nutrients and water to the growing plants. To enable this, the collaborative team will develop hydrogels (e.g. gelatin or pectin) that can serve as soil replacements. The proposed materials will incorporate symbiotic microbes that continuously produce beneficial plant hormones to program plant growth and natural defense molecules to enhance stress resistance, develop new materials that promote plant growth, and integrate the entire package into a 3D-printable hydrogel to enable root formation, water retention, and nutrient diffusion. The multi-disciplinary team can achieve these lofty goals but requires a catalytic source of funding to generate impactful data that can lead to the first UC Plant Science Nanotechnology Center.
Fast Practical Matrix Multiplication
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Matrix multiplication is a fundamental building block in many areas of science and technology, from computer graphics and digital communications to scientific simulations. The standard method for multiplying two nxn matrices requires a number of operations of cubic order in n, which takes a long time to perform for large matrices. In 1969, Volker Strassen shocked the world by discovering a way to multiply 2x2 matrices using only 7 multiplications instead of the usual 8, which led to the first sub-cubic time algorithm for multiplying square matrices of all sizes. Since then, researchers have found increasingly ingenious methods for multiplying larger matrices faster than the standard approach. However, most of these methods remain purely theoretical and not practically implementable because, unlike Strassen's, they are not based on small-size matrix multiplication. This project aims to supercharge the search for new, faster, easy-to-implement matrix multiplication algorithms using a three-pronged approach: We will use powerful optimization tools such as SAT solvers to search for special tensors and their so-called `flattenings' (matrix triples) that provide the blueprint for new multiplication algorithms. We will harness the power of artificial intelligence to guide the search for promising new tensors that enable faster multiplication. We will utilize random walks on flip graphs - networks that encode relationships between fast matrix multiplication algorithms. Navigating these networks in clever ways can lead us to discover new, faster methods. The faster matrix multiplication algorithms we aim to discover could dramatically accelerate computations across the sciences and technology. In an age of big data, this acceleration is becoming ever more critical. Multiplying huge matrices is a key bottleneck in machine learning, data mining, physics simulations and more. By combining tools from computer science, artificial intelligence and pure mathematics in innovative ways, this project will break new ground in one of the grand challenges of algorithms research. It will bring the extraordinary power of the latest optimization and AI technology to attack a mathematical problem of immense practical importance. The results could be transformative, delivering matrix multiplication speedups that help usher in the next generation of computational discovery.
appendix_1_-_item_descriptions – Supplemental material for Stress, Schizophrenia, and Violence: A Machine Learning Approach
Creators: name: Kirchebner, Johannes
name: Sonnweber, Martina
name: Nater, Urs M.
name: Günther, Moritz
name: Lau, Steffen
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 160299 Criminology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Law

description: Supplemental material, appendix_1_-_item_descriptions for Stress, Schizophrenia, and Violence: A Machine Learning Approach by Johannes Kirchebner, Martina Sonnweber, Urs M. Nater, Moritz Günther and Steffen Lau in Journal of Interpersonal Violence
Developing the UC Obstetric Consortium On Real-world Evidence (UC OB CORE)
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: The United States is in the midst of an ongoing health crisis in maternity care, with increasing rates of maternal morbidity, mortality, and disparities. At the same time, there is insufficient evidence to guide management and treatment of pregnant individuals, due to their historic exclusion from clinical trials. An alternative to the clinical trial for evidence generation is the utilization of real-world evidence (RWE), defined as evidence derived from non-trial data sources. Pregnancy-related RWE generation has traditionally been limited to single institutions, which lack sufficient sample size, or administrative databases, which lack clinical detail. As a result, the ability to advance clinical knowledge based on currently available RWE is limited, particularly when comparing variations in care and resultant outcomes among specific subpopulations. This pilot project will establish the University of California Obstetric Consortium On Real-world Evidence (UC OB CORE), a new collaboration of leaders and junior scholars within four UC Health (San Francisco, San Diego, Los Angeles, and Irvine) medical centers who will work to advance RWE generation within pregnancy care. We will accomplish this through three primary aims. First, we plan to establish a central clinical data repository for all pregnancies and livebirths that occur within the four centers through a collaborative clinical, informatics, and data science effort that will harmonize pregnancy-related electronic health record data. Second, we will leverage these data to examine the management of diabetes in pregnancy as a use case to demonstrate the variations in care within the system and the subsequent impact on maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Third, we will host a UC OB CORE workshop that draws from the clinical expertise of academic obstetricians, technical expertise of physician informaticists, and methodological expertise of data scientists, epidemiologists, and engineers from across UC to develop a roadmap for expansion, including cross-specialty collaboration, mentorship, and career development. Successful completion of this pilot project will develop the foundation for obstetric RWE generation within UC that will ultimately improve the quality of maternal healthcare throughout California.
Leveraging California's linguistic diversity to improve large language models
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Engineered systems built around large language models (LLMs) are now ubiquitous. Their transformative potential comes with the risk of replicating an all-too-familiar problem: entrenching a particular language variety and language user, thereby raising barriers of access to services, education, and the workforce. The proposed MRPI builds upon an existing network of researchers in California to develop a solution-oriented assessment of how linguistic and neurocognitive diversity can be best incorporated into the design of LLMs for more equitable use. LLMs are very large statistical models trained on trillions of words and implemented with many thousands more parameters than traditional models. They are capable of producing a wide variety of styles of language, including dialogues (like ChatGPT), in a convincingly human-like way. Nonetheless, training data for these models draw disproportionately on texts produced in perceived standard varieties of English, by neurotypical, monolingual speakers with high educational attainment (Cai et al, 2024). We hypothesize that responses generated by LLMs fail to address the needs of users who don't fall as squarely in those categories, in terms of both content-generation and ease of use (Dwivedi et al, 2024). Our team proposes to explore how severe the misalignment is between user background/needs and how it can be mitigated. In doing so it aims to better match the powerful new generation of AI tools with the linguistically and socially diverse population of California. Our team will develop tools to assess gaps in the usability of systems built on LLMs and to minimize potential harms. The project has three primary strands: 1) experimental pilots employing psycholinguistic methods to identify gaps in user experiences with LLM content, assessing how these gaps might decrease accessibility to services, 2) four technical workshops (2 in-person, 2 virtual) introducing UC students and researchers to LLMs and the linguistic diversity of California, 3) a set of online, modular resources to expand graduate/undergraduate curricula, with datasets, scripts, and analyses, to be use in courses or training events across UC. Workshops will be collocated with the California Meeting of Psycholinguistics (started in 2017 by Co-PI Harris), inviting presenters to incorporate social science, humanistic and clinical/applied perspectives.
Additional file 6 of Genomic signatures of local adaptation in recent invasive Aedes aegypti populations in California
Creators: name: Soudi, Shaghayegh
name: Crepeau, Marc
name: Collier, Travis C.
name: Lee, Yoosook
name: Cornel, Anthony J.
name: Lanzaro, Gregory C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6: Supplementary Figure 3. Inferred relationship among 12 populations of the Ae.aegypti represented by a. a hierarchical clustering tree derived from the matrix Ω estimated under the core model and b. a correlation plot.
Infiltrative-type hepatocellular carcinoma with neoplastic portal thrombosis: value of diffusion-weighted and hepatocyte-specific contrast MRI
Creators: name: Tonolini, Massimo
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Liver
subject: Portal system / Hepatic veins
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Neoplasia

description: Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
description: female, 55 years
description: Clinical History: Back pain, dyspnoea, non-tender abdominal distension in a 55-year-old female with long-standing history of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver disease previously treated with interferon+ribavirin, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection i... Final Diagnosis: Infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma with neoplastic portal thrombosis.
An unusual case of right lower quadrant pain: Spigelian hernia
Creators: name: Serrado, Maria Ana
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Hernia

description: Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
description: female, 65 years
description: Clinical History: A 65-year-old woman presents to the ER with marked right lower quadrant pain and positive blumberg sign. Laboratory results revealed a slight elevation of C-reactive protein (8, 7 mg/L; normal <5mg/L). She had history of diverticulosis and colonic poly... Final Diagnosis: Spigelian hernia
The UC Active Matter Hub
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Active materials–collections of energy-consuming entities that organize in emergent structures–are a new paradigm for physics and biology. Nature provides many examples, from colonies of ants to epithelia and organoids. Moreover, synthetic biomimetic active materials, such as self-propelled colloids and dense biopolymers driven by molecular motors, are under development. These synthetic realizations exhibit many life-like properties and enable quantitative experiments and strict tests of theory. Importantly, they are revolutionizing bioinspired design to create the next generation of responsive and adaptive technologies, wearable devices, and biologically inspired fluidic systems. The field of active matter has grown exponentially over the past decade and promises to be of enduring technological importance, with opportunities for external center-type support. The University of California has made key hires in this area, but has not established a critical mass of faculty at any one campus. This proposal links together three UC campuses (UCM, UCSB, UCSD)–each of which has strong research groups in this area, including some of the founders of the field–to create a synergistic hub of excellence that will make UC an international leader in active matter and provide the seed for establishing the UC Active Matter Hub as an externally funded center. The field has so far focused on studying active fluids, where active forces generate turbulent-like flows. Signature new directions of the UC Active Matter Hub will include developing techniques for controlling active flows and designing tunable active solids. Control and tunability via designed feedback are intrinsic properties of living matter, essential for technological applications and provide the physical basis for synthetic organ design. The UC Active Matter Hub will become the focus of active matter research on the West Coast through synergistic collaborations, workshops, shared educational moduli, and student exchanges, uniquely fueling the California biotech ecosystem. The UC Active Matter Hub will train graduate and undergraduate students of diverse backgrounds (all campuses are minority-serving institutions) in this newly emerging field, augmenting and diversifying the California STEM workforce. Research exchanges among UC campuses will uniquely enrich student interdisciplinary training and networking.
title: Panel „Arbeitsmarkt und soziale Sicherung“ (PASS), Campus File (PASS-CF_0617_v1)
title: PASS CF 0617
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Beste, Jonas
name: Frodermann, Corinna
Publisher: name: Forschungsdatenzentrum (FDZ) der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) im Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB)
Year: 2019

description: Ausschließlich für die Nutzung in der akademischen Lehre an Universitäten, Hochschulen oder Forschungsinstituten hat das Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB) einen Campus File (CF) als absolut anonymisierte Stichprobe des Panel Arbeitsmarkt und soziale Sicherung (PASS) erzeugt, das PASS-CF_0617_v1. Dieser Datenreport gibt einen kurzen Überblick über des-sen Konzeption und Erstellung, sowie Möglichkeiten und Einschränkungen im Umgang mit dem Campus File.
Tools for Community-Engagement Initiatives to Educate Youth for an Environmentally Just Future
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: The increasing urgency of the global climate crisis and its disproportionate impact on people from non-dominant communities has motivated the emergence of numerous community-engagement initiatives focused on educating youth. Researchers generally agree that mitigating the climate crisis necessitates long-term, collective, and concerted efforts with multiple stake-holders, including researchers, teachers, students, parents, and community activists. There is also growing evidence that youth, teachers, and schools are critical to the climate change movement. However, we lack systematic research on the common components of community-engagement initiatives connected to both schools and out-of-school programs for youth that result in consequential outcomes, and how one can facilitate such collaborations among multiple stakeholders in a transformative and justice-centered way. This pilot project aims to generate a framework, design principles, and illustrative cases that guide UC researcher-involved community-engagement initiatives for youth that aim to promote justice. Employing a design-based research approach, we will study four community-engagement initiatives (one per campus) at the four participating UCs for two years. All four initiatives involve collaborative partnerships among researchers from multiple disciplines, K-12 teachers and students, and community members. The team will convene monthly to share their partnership activities in various local contexts, discuss successes and challenges and share research findings, to develop and refine a framework and set of design principles. The following two questions will guide our research activities: (1) What framework and principles effectively guide the design and facilitation of justice-centered community-engagement activities for youth? (2) What types of partnerships result in actionable outcomes that can effectively promote climate justice? This project is significant because it will produce tools useful to other researcher-community initiatives connected to education and to youth. These products will have the features of generativity and locality by attending to the diversity of initiatives in different local contexts. Also, this project will have a broad impact both nationally and globally given the many community-engagement initiatives focusing on environmental and climate change education.
Additional file 1 of Predictors of readmission in a medical department of a tertiary university hospital in the Philippines
Creators: name: Balane, Janika Adrienne L.
name: Yap, Celina Daia DG.
name: Villanueva, Cary Amiel G.
name: Palileo-Villanueva, Lia Aileen M.
name: Tamondong-Lachica, Diana R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
title: Optimization of the manufacturing of thick-walled fiber plastic components through 3D-preforming with reversible resin flow channels
Creators: name: Zhang, X.
name: Ziegmann, G.
name: Bollengier, Q.
name: Cherif, Ch.
Publisher: name: TU Clausthal
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: 620

description: The demand for high-strength, lightweight materials has driven advancements in composite manufacturing, especially in applications like aerospace, automotive, and energy. This study addresses the challenges in impregnating thick-wall composites through the development of a novel textile integration technique. Traditional liquid composite molding (LCM) processes face limitations in thick composites due to slow infiltration, void formation, and compromised mechanical integrity. Our work introduces an innovative 3D weft-knitted preform with integrated, reversible flow channels (RFC), optimizing resin permeability while maintaining fiber volume. The proposed method reduces cycle times and improves the mechanical performance of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites, presenting a promising alternative to conventional flow aids.
description: Tagungsband 6. Symposium Materialtechnik: 20. bis 21. Februar 2025
Leveraging Coherent Quantum Electrodynamics for Attosecond X-ray Sciences
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Many scientific breakthroughs are enabled by investigating the laws of nature using photons. From the heat of supernovae to ultracold atoms and from gravitational waves to the wave function of a single photon, experiments reaching higher degrees of control of photon sources beyond previously accessible parameters have revealed fundamental facts about the universe from the smallest to the largest scales. One commonality amongst these phenomena is the necessity of well-crafted control over photonic and electronic wavepackets to either drive processes in matter or conduct (quantum) measurements and computation with unprecedented precision in both time and space at fundamental atomic scales. At the intersection between photon and free electrons, intriguing physics in quantum electrodynamics (QED) presents new opportunities to upend the paradigm of X-ray science and engineering and circumvent traditional cost-accessibility tradeoffs in basic sciences, and commercial and medical applications. Emerging QED theory has revived interest in studying new X-ray production regimes, namely quantum X-ray emission, promising to unveil new quantum physical phenomena relevant in life and energy sciences, quantum computation, and metrology. Technologically, quantum X-ray emission can enable a dramatic cost reduction and portability of integrated (on-chip) X-ray sources to affect their application and upend their limited accessibility. This proposal presents two specific near-term objectives for future ultracompact and portable, high-brightness X-ray sources and novel QED photon-electron technologies: (Objective 1) a first-time demonstration of quantum X-ray emission, i.e., coherent multi-state X-ray radiation via electron waveshaping, and (Objective 2) its extension to pulsed and time-domain tailored X-ray emission via laser-based modulation of multi-state electron wavepackets. The quantum wave nature of electrons provides new degrees of freedom for controlling light emission via electron waveshaping and could lead to the emergence of more versatile and powerful light sources, opening the door to ultrabright and ultracompact radiation sources such as portable and mode-locked (attosecond) X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), compact (on-chip) accelerators, and QED integrated computational devices.
Just Transitions in large socioecological systems: Drought, sea-level rise & salinity in the Delta
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: This research project addresses one of the most challenging, complex, and controversial issues in the management of the California Bay-Delta: how to balance nationally significant agricultural and fisheries interests, statewide water supply reliability interests, federally and state-protected ecological interests, and local recreational, cultural-historical, and subsistence interests in the management of salinity, an increasing challenge in the face of extended drought and sea-level rise. Through a participatory scenario-based approach, we use state-of-the-art computing, coupled with locally sourced knowledge, to build holistic understanding of the multifaceted tradeoffs associated with alternative nature-based, regulatory, demand-based, and engineering scenarios for salinity management while building social capital and information-sharing networks through extended public engagement and open-science technologies. Throughout, we test how the components of this approach (e.g., stakeholder workshops, technological resources) change stakeholders’ perceptions of the issues and the acceptability of potential management strategies, their trust in science, policy, and other stakeholders, and their understanding of complex scientific issues. Research outcomes include: 1) quantitative understanding of how nature-based, policy-based, and engineering strategies may function independently or in combination to mitigate future salinity challenges–with applications to other estuaries such as the Chesapeake Bay, where salinity intrusion is a growing concern; 2) new understanding of how a topically-focused, participatory, scenario-based approach may promote a “just transition” in science-informed governance for resilience of large socio-ecological systems with deep histories of conflict; and 3) open cyberinfrastructure tools and enhanced social capital that lay a foundation for addressing other “wicked problems” (e.g., harmful algal blooms, species recovery) in the Bay-Delta. Training–for undergraduate and graduate students and public agency scientists–is integrated into the research program through new curricula, a Summer Institute, formal mentorship, and capstone/incubator projects. Trainees will develop games, tools, and visualizations that will enhance stakeholder engagement and will work directly with data generated from the project.