cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A high resolution permanent magnet MPI device
Creators: name: He, Ning
name: Xu, Chenxiao
name: Zhang, Zhonghao
name: Hu, Jiawei
name: Li, Lei
name: Wang, Qinbin
name: Guo, Pengyue
name: Gao, Yunpeng
name: Liao, Yidong
name: Ge, Dawei
name: Shi, Chenglong
name: Luo, Man
name: Zhu, Shouping
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging IJMPI
Year: 2023

description: Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a novel emerging tomographic technique with high resolution and high sensitivity.Typically, the magnetic fields of MPI scanners are generated electromagnetically, resulting in an immense power consumption and making it difficult to apply in clinical research. The MPI device based on Halbach array provide a new solution. In this device, a mechanically driven scanning MPI device was designed using a Halbach permanent magnet array. The device consists of four layers of Halbach arrays, and is ultimately capable of achieving a FOV of 70mmdiameter, and a resolution better than 0.5mm. Compared with the previous Halbach permanent magnet MPI device, this device generates three dimensions of gradients that can be used for 3D imaging. Moreover, the stability of the structure was analyzed by structural mechanics calculations and magnetic field error simulations, and the feasibility of the device was analyzed by simulations of the system scan trajectory and image reconstruction.
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging IJMPI, Vol 9 No 1 Suppl 1 (2023)
On the Dipole Approximation with Error Estimates
Creators: name: Boßmann, Lea
name: Grummt, Robert
name: Kolb, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Q10, 35Q41, 46N50

description: The dipole approximation is employed to describe interactions between atoms and radiation. It essentially consists of neglecting the spatial variation of the external field over the atom. Heuristically, this is justified by arguing that the wavelength is considerably larger than the atomic length scale, which holds under usual experimental conditions. We prove the dipole approximation in the limit of infinite wavelengths compared to the atomic length scale and estimate the rate of convergence. Our results include N-body Coulomb potentials and experimentally relevant electromagnetic fields such as plane waves and laser pulses.
description: 6 pages. Revised version: improved presentation, error corrections, updated bibliography
title: Die Westfassade der Zwiefaltener Klosterkirche bleibt steinsichtig
Creators: name: Ast, Doris
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2014

description: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 9, Nr. 1 (1980), Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Ausgaben pro Band: 4
Quantum Field Theory and its Anomalies for Topological Matter
Creators: name: Corianò, Claudio
name: Cretì, Mario
name: D'Agostino, Stefania
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topology enters in quantum field theory (qft) in multiple forms: one of the most important, in non-abelian gauge theories, being in the identification of the $θ$ vacuum in QCD. A very relevant aspect of this connection is through the phenomenon of chiral and conformal qft anomalies. It has been realized that a class of materials, comprising topological insulators and Weyl semimetals, also exhibit the phenomenon of anomalies, which are responsible for several exotic phenomena, such as the presence of edge currents, resilient under perturbations and scattering by impurities. Another example comes from the response functions of these materials under thermal and mechanical stresses, that may be performed using correlation functions of stress energy tensors in General Relativity. In this case the conformal anomaly plays an important role. We briefly illustrate some salient features of this correspondence, and the effective action describing the long-range interactions that may account for such topological effects.
description: 6 pages, contributed to QCD at work Lecce, 27-30 June 2020
Fort Nelson First Nation-Owned Tu Deh-Kah Geothermal Project: A Socio-economic Study
Creators: Chitsaz, Sara
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

As global greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase, there is a growing focus on low-carbon initiatives, specifically renewable alternatives to conventional fossil fuels for energy production. Transitions to renewable energy sources may occur across scales, including community-scale energy production. As technologies develop, there is a gap in academic literature on the local-scale impacts and factors involved in community-level renewable energy projects.

Northern British Columbia is one of the last remaining regions of the province that is reliant on fossil fuels for electricity production. The Clarke Lake gas field, a depleted gas field in the territory of the Fort Nelson First Nation (FNFN), has been identified as having potential for viable geothermal energy production. The Fort Nelson First Nation initiated the Tu Deh-Kah (TDK) geothermal project in 2019 in the Clarke Lake field – one of the first commercial scale geothermal energy projects to be developed in Canada. As a fully First Nation-owned project, TDK is a unique example of Indigenous community energy in the context of Canada as a settler-colonial state.

This research aims to provide baseline data for the TDK project through original survey and interview data, and census data analysis. This thesis outlines a range of perspectives and expected outcomes of the TDK project as identified by FNFN community members, as well as social and economic indicators for the regional context of the project. Results demonstrate how the social and economic effects of boom-and-bust cycles or loss of industry in resource-dependent communities may be visible in some quantitative indicators, in this case in labour force participation rates. The high value of potential career and skill development opportunities for local community members through the TDK project is a key finding of this thesis. Results of this research may be used for future assessment of TDK’s outcomes and impacts in its local context.
Testing and Applying Thermodynamic Models for the Melting of Mantle Peridotites
Creators: Wang, Daoheng
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

The covariance of increasing spinel Cr# and olivine Mg# (“the olivine-spinel mantle array” or “OSMA”) has been used as a sensitive indicator for the melting history of mantle peridotites. The basis for this model has been largely empirical thus far. In this study, the most recent THERMOCALC-based models are used to study the melting of mantle peridotites in batch melting, isobaric fractional melting, and decompression melting, with a view to placing the OSMA array on a firmer theoretical foundation. The effects of water, bulk composition, Fe3+/Fe2+, temperature, and pressure on the mineralogy and phase chemistry in anhydrous and hydrous peridotites have also been modelled.

The calculated results for anhydrous batch melting of fertile source peridotites KLB-1, KR4003, and MM3 using TH21* model agree well with experiments. In contrast, modelling hydrous melting was less successful, moving the focus of the results of this study to the residual products of volatile-free melting of Earth’s mantle in the context of the OSMA. Using anhydrous peridotite melting models, varying bulk Fe3+ had minimal effect on spinel stability. The solidus and the temperature of spinel stability for fertile peridotites are lower than for depleted peridotites. Adding alkalis can reduce the melting temperature of a lherzolite or a depleted peridotite source. With the TH21 model, spinel survives to a much higher degree of melting in batch melting (>40%) than fractional melting (85) in all melting models. The behaviour of Al and Cr during batch melting and the distribution coefficient of Al and Cr in spinel and melt have been studied to understand the varying spinel Cr# in residual peridotites.

By studying decompression melting, with different bulk compositions following adiabats with distinct mantle potential temperatures, the evolution of mantle melting from Archean to present-day can be modelled more rigorously.

*TH21: after Tomlinson and Holland (2021)
Rare-Earth-Containing Selenides and Oxyselenides
Creators: Mishra, Vidyanshu
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

In this thesis, rare-earth-containing chalcogenides and oxychalcogenides were sought with the aim to identify new crystal structures and to evaluate their potential as optical and thermoelectric materials.  They were synthesized in the form of pure microcrystalline powders and single crystals through high-temperature reactions.  To address frequently made claims that the bonding in oxychalcogenides can be partitioned separately within the more ionic oxide vs. the more covalent chalcogenide blocks within their structures, electron localization function maps were examined carefully to evaluate the bonding character.

Many ternary chalcogenides RE-Tr-Ch (RE = rare-earth metal; Tr = Ga, In, Tl; Ch = S, Se, Te) are known, but most of them (about 75%) are sulfides, while the corresponding selenides and tellurides are still underexplored.  Among the series of chalcogenides RE3TrCh6, there remain some ambiguities in the existence of several members and their structures.  Several new compounds in the RE3InSe6 series were prepared.  They exhibit an unusual structural evolution in which the In atoms occupy tetrahedral or octahedral sites, depending on the RE.  They have relatively narrow band gaps in the attractive range of 1.2-1.4 eV, making them suitable as potential photovoltaic materials.

The major portion of the thesis was motivated by an initially naive hypothesis that oxychalcogenides could be prepared by successively substituting O for Ch atoms within the existing series of chalcogenides.  In this way, Sm3GaSe5O was obtained; however, its structure is new and unrelated to RE3GaSe6.  Instead, it contains unprecedented GaSe5 units in trigonal pyramidal geometry.  Attempts to substitute other RE components led to two series of oxychalcogenides:  La4Ga2Se6O3 and RE4Ga2Se7O2 (RE = Pr, Nd).  They adopt new framework structures that can be contrasted with the layered structures more commonly associated with oxychalcogenides.  They have relatively small band gaps of 1.7–1.8 eV, as determined from optical diffuse reflectance spectra, which suggests that they could be viable candidates as thermoelectric materials.  To evaluate this potential application, electronic and thermal properties were calculated from the first principles.
Structure in the Magnetic Field of the Milky Way Disk and Halo traced by Faraday Rotation
Creators: name: Dickey, John M.
name: West, Jennifer
name: Thomson, Alec J. M.
name: Landecker, T. L.
name: Bracco, A.
name: Carretti, E.
name: Han, J. L.
name: Hill, A. S.
name: Ma, Y. K.
name: Mao, S. A.
name: Ordog, A.
name: Brown, Jo-Anne C.
name: Douglas, K. A.
name: Erceg, A.
name: Jelic, V.
name: Kothes, R.
name: Wolleben, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic fields in the ionized medium of the disk and halo of the Milky Way impose Faraday rotation on linearly polarized radio emission. We compare two surveys mapping the Galactic Faraday rotation, one showing the rotation measures of extragalactic sources seen through the Galaxy (from Hutschenreuter et al 2022), and one showing the Faraday depth of the diffuse Galactic synchrotron emission from the Global Magneto-Ionic Medium Survey. Comparing the two data sets in 5deg x 10deg bins shows good agreement at intermediate latitudes, 10 < |b| < 50 deg, and little correlation between them at lower and higher latitudes. Where they agree, both tracers show clear patterns as a function of Galactic longitude: in the Northern Hemisphere a strong sin(2 x longitude) pattern, and in the Southern hemisphere a sin(longitude + pi) pattern. Pulsars with height above or below the plane |z| > 300 pc show similar longitude dependence in their rotation measures. Nearby non-thermal structures show rotation measure shadows as does the Orion-Eridanus superbubble. We describe families of dynamo models that could explain the observed patterns in the two hemispheres. We suggest that a field reversal, known to cross the plane a few hundred pc inside the solar circle, could shift to positive z with increasing Galactic radius to explain the sin(2xlongitude) pattern in the Northern Hemisphere. Correlation shows that rotation measures from extragalactic sources are one to two times the corresponding rotation measure of the diffuse emission, implying Faraday complexity along some lines of sight, especially in the Southern hemisphere.
description: 37 pages, 26 figures, Ap. J. accepted
Tape #16: compilation of Bella Abzug commenting on CNN about various topics
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Politics and government

description: Election, losers, Gallup, Post Election, changes, 11/5/80; Chanukah, Latin America, 96th Congress, Hit list, 12/30/80; Elder Abuse, Census Figures, Patrick Gray, Democratic Party, Cabinet appointment, 12/18/80
title: Ein Reitergrab des frühen Mittelalters an der oberen Donau
Creators: name: Fingerlin, Gerhard
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2014

description: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 9, Nr. 1 (1980), Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Ausgaben pro Band: 4
A formula for the derivative of the p-adic L-function of the symmetric square of a finite slope modular form
Creators: name: Rosso, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let f be a modular form of weight k and Nebentypus $ψ$. By generalizing a construction of Dabrowski and Delbourgo, we construct a p-adic L-function interpolating the special values of the L-function $L(s,\mathrm{Sym}^2(f)\otimes ξ)$, where $ξ$ is a Dirichlet character. When s=k-1 and $ξ=ψ^{-1}$, this p-adic L-function vanishes due to the presence of a so-called trivial zero. We give a formula for the derivative at s=k-1 of this p-adic L-function when the form f is Steinberg at p. If the weight of f is even, the conductor is even and squarefree, and the Nebentypus is trivial this formula implies a conjecture of Benois.
title: Inhalt
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2014

description: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 9, Nr. 3 (1980), Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Ausgaben pro Band: 4
title: Mühlen - Untergang eines Bautyps
Creators: name: Krins, Hubert
name: Scholkmann, Klaus
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2014

description: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 9, Nr. 3 (1980), Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Ausgaben pro Band: 4
Testing for Monotonicity in Credit Risk Modelling
Creators: Xie, Zhangqian
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

Credit risk management, which deals with mitigating losses from lending activities, is crucial for financial institutions. Hence, credit risk modelling can be employed to reduce potential losses and avoid financial crises. There are sometimes monotonic relationships in credit risk models, which can simplify forms of models, reduce computational time, or be necessary to fulfill restrictions observed in reality. After reviewing commonly used credit risk models, several monotonicity testing methods are established and adapted to the situation for binary output of default indicators. Furthermore, we present a new test using the weighted sum of differences as the test statistic, with the weights optimized through combinations of their moments. Finally, we compare the performance of these tests on simulated data regarding the accuracy and power of the tests.
On Baker type lower bounds for linear forms
Creators: name: Matala-aho, Tapani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11J82, 11J72, 11J83

description: A criterion is given for studying (explicit) Baker type lower bounds of linear forms in numbers $1,Θ_1,...,Θ_m\in\mathbb{C}^*$ over the ring $\mathbb{Z}_{\mathbb{I}}$ of an imaginary quadratic field $\mathbb{I}$. This work deals with the simultaneous auxiliary functions case.
Tape #22: Abzug on CNN; Baseball Hall of Fame
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Politics and government

description: Gardens and Taxes, Military write-in, 2/9/83; Susan B. Anthony, Bush, Fact or Fiction, Toy Soldiers, Sharon, 2/16/83; Polluter Gate, Coddling war, Squeal law squelched, Ken Adelman, Jobs bill, 2/23/83; International Women's Day, National Gas Prices, Urban Woes, El Salvador, 3/2/83; Starts with BA CNN commentary; ends with short news clip about Baseball Hall of Fame
Polytropic equation of state and primordial quantum fluctuations
Creators: name: Freitas, R. C.
name: Gonçalves, S. V. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the primordial Universe in a cosmological model where inflation is driven by a fluid with a polytropic equation of state $p = αρ+ kρ^{1 + 1/n}$. We calculate the dynamics of the scalar factor and build a Universe with constant density at the origin. We also find the equivalent scalar field that could create such equation of state and calculate the corresponding slow-roll parameters. We calculate the scalar perturbations, the scalar power spectrum and the spectral index.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Time Domain System Matrix (TD-SM) for Isotropic Resolution and Artifact Removal image reconstruction in X-space MPI
Creators: name: Shan, Shihao
name: Zhang, Chenglong
name: Yang, Xiaoli
name: Tian, Jie
name: Du, Yang
name: Ma, Xiaopeng
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging IJMPI
Year: 2023

description: Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is an emerging medical imaging modality based on the non-linear response of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), and imaging the concentration of the SPIONs. At present, MPI reconstruction mainly includes x-space and system matrix methods. The x-space method has an extremely fast reconstruction speed and the final reconstructed image can be seen as the result of convolution of particle distribution with point spread function (PSF), but it causes anisotropic resolution and artifacts due to the effect of anisotropic PSF. In this work, we propose a hybrid approach that combines the x-space and model-based system matrix methods to remove the PSF blur and reconstruct the isotropic resolution and artifact removal MPI images. We first build the system matrix in the time domain transformed by the ideal MPI scan model in the time domain. Then, we convert the x-space reconstruction process into a matrix operation, and subsequently combine several matrices into a system matrix (forward model). The input of this forward model is particle distribution and the output is the x-space reconstructed image, which is affected by the PSF blurring. The PSF blur removal is then converted to an inverse problem solving, which we implement using the Kaczmarz method to obtain isotropic resolution and artifact removal images. The results of simulation and phantom experiments demonstrate that our method could achieve the best isotropic resolution and image quality comparing with the standard x-space method and other PSF removal methods.
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging IJMPI, Vol 9 No 1 Suppl 1 (2023)
Probabilistic Fréchet Means for Time Varying Persistence Diagrams
Creators: name: Munch, Elizabeth
name: Turner, Katharine
name: Bendich, Paul
name: Mukherjee, Sayan
name: Mattingly, Jonathan
name: Harer, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In order to use persistence diagrams as a true statistical tool, it would be very useful to have a good notion of mean and variance for a set of diagrams. In 2011, Mileyko and his collaborators made the first study of the properties of the Fréchet mean in $(\mathcal{D}_p,W_p)$, the space of persistence diagrams equipped with the p-th Wasserstein metric. In particular, they showed that the Fréchet mean of a finite set of diagrams always exists, but is not necessarily unique. The means of a continuously-varying set of diagrams do not themselves (necessarily) vary continuously, which presents obvious problems when trying to extend the Fréchet mean definition to the realm of vineyards. We fix this problem by altering the original definition of Fréchet mean so that it now becomes a probability measure on the set of persistence diagrams; in a nutshell, the mean of a set of diagrams will be a weighted sum of atomic measures, where each atom is itself a persistence diagram determined using a perturbation of the input diagrams. This definition gives for each $N$ a map $(\mathcal{D}_p)^N \to \mathbb{P}(\mathcal{D}_p)$. We show that this map is Hölder continuous on finite diagrams and thus can be used to build a useful statistic on time-varying persistence diagrams, better known as vineyards.
Automatically Detecting Affect in Computer-based Learning Environments: A Systematic Literature Review
Creators: González Esparza, Lydia
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

Affect detection is increasingly viewed as an essential component of computer-based learning systems because it aims to improve learner outcomes by adapting to the learner’s affect. However, most computer-based learning environments used across formal and informal educational contexts do not respond to students’ affective needs. Moreover, it is not clear which affective states should be assessed and which states have a positive or a negative effect on student learning. The aim of this review is to examine how affect is automatically detected and analyzed via affect-sensitive computational systems in educational settings. This systematic literature review analyzes 36 peer-reviewed publications that focus on finding relationships between affect and learning in computational applications. Evidence from the reviewed articles shows that most studies (1) were published in the last four years; (2) mainly used facial expressions to detect affect; (3) identified engagement, boredom, frustration, and confusion as the most frequent affective states in learning settings; and (4) used supervised machine learning algorithms to classify learner emotions. The present review identifies the following gaps in the related literature. First, it revealed that there is a paucity of studies in non-STEM domains and that sample K-12 students and participants from countries other than the US, given that two-thirds of the reviewed studies sampled university students, almost half of the studies sampled participants from North America, and almost three quarters of the studies focused on STEM contexts. Second, it identified facial expression as the most common physiological and behavioral data channel, with system log data being the most frequent performance-related channel. Third, it found that few studies examined both affect and achievement measures. Finally, it revealed that few studies employed unsupervised learning techniques or supervised learning regressors, given that supervised learning classifiers were overwhelmingly employed to predict affective states. This research provides recommendations on how to address these gaps, including the need for more methodological approaches, both theory- and data-driven, in capturing and analyzing affect. This review suggests the exploration and development of adaptive intelligent educational interfaces that use affective and behavioral states to provide a better learning experience by offering suitable responses. Likewise, the review suggests the exploration of creating affective datasets to improve existing machine learning affect detecting models.
title: Urgeschichtliche Feuchtbodensiedlungen in Baden-Württemberg. Der Aufgabenbereich des „Projektes Bodensee-Oberschwaben"
Creators: name: Schlichtherle, Helmut
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2014

description: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 9, Nr. 3 (1980), Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Ausgaben pro Band: 4
Freeze-out Forbidden Dark Matter in the Hidden Sector in the Mass Range from sub-GeV to TeV
Creators: name: Yang, Kwei-Chou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kinematically forbidden channels can set the freeze-out dark matter (DM) relic abundance. These channels are described by DM annihilations into heavier states, which vanish at zero temperature limit, but occur at finite temperatures in the early Universe. For the case that the final state of the forbidden channel is scalar mediators that couple to Standard Model (SM) matter through mixing with the SM Higgs, the signals from DM-nucleon interactions and from mediator-related missing energy or displaced vertices could be detected by direct detections and particle physics experiments, respectively. We thus present a study on the simplest secluded vector dark matter model that can exhibit this scenario in the mass range from sub-GeV to TeV. The dark matter resides in the hidden sector, which is in thermal equilibrium with the SM before freeze-out. During freeze-out, the depletion of its density results from its annihilation into two heavier but metastable scalars, where the coupling can be determined by having the correct relic density and constrained by the perturbative unitarity bound. However, much of the allowed parameter space is insensitive to the mixing angle between the hidden scalar and SM Higgs. We find that a more significant mass splitting between DM and the mediator can be allowed only in the sub-GeV region. Moreover, the mass splitting in the TeV region is required to be within the percent level. This model of the forbidden DM interacting with SM particles through the scalar portal is testable in experiments.
description: 35 pages, 8 figures, 1 table; Freeze-in curves in Fig. 1 revised; Table 1 updated; Fig. 7 (new) added; Fig. 8 updated; discussions about the large mass splitting corrected
S6 - Starrett Interviews
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Discrimination in housing--U.S. states
Housing
Low-income housing--Government policy

description: Jack Hassid & Steve Jacoby; Sandra Rosenthal; Frank Livingston of Draper & Kramer; Marty Bresnick; Jerry Leggatt
Theory and Application of Thomson Scattering to Particle Transport and Magnetic Field Measurements in Laser-Produced Plasmas
Creators: Bruulsema, Colin
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

The particle transport, plasma currents, and magnetic fields were investigated in laboratory plasmas, both with the Optical Thomson Scattering (OTS) diagnostic and in theory and numerical simulations.    %despite the presence of hot ion tails, which would be more suppressed by collisions in real counter-streaming plasma  Weibel-unstable plasma was simulated using the OSIRIS particle-in-cell code to examine the capabilities of the OTS diagnostics in counter-streaming plasmas.  Synthetic OTS spectra were generated from the simulations, allowing OTS measurement uncertainties to be analyzed. Accurate measurements of current were demonstrated and applied to magnetic field calculations.  In experiments at the OMEGA laser facility and MAGPIE pulsed power device, this technique was used successfully to measure magnetic field structures formed in plasma.    In order to understand plasma ablation in Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) experiments, metal spheres were shot at the OMEGA laser facility.  Ablated plasma was measured with OTS, with basic plasma properties in good agreement with simulations.  Heat transport was measured using the ion acoustic wave spectrum, finding heat fluxes consistent with local transport in the second half of the shot duration, but strongly inhibited during the initial laser heating period.  Theory and application of the OTS heat transport measurements were supported by Vlasov-Fokker-Planck simulations to determine the electron distribution functions and the resulting OTS spectra.
Asymptotic symmetries and soft theorems in higher-dimensional gravity
Creators: name: Lionetti, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Soft theorems can be recast as Ward identities of asymptotic symmetries. We review such relation for the leading and subleading soft graviton theorems in arbitrary even dimensions. While soft theorems are trivially generalized to dimensions higher than four, the charges of asymptotic symmetries are plagued by divergences requiring a renormalization. We argue that the renormalized charges of these symmetries can be determined by rewriting soft theorems as Ward identities. In order to show that the charges of such identities generate asymptotic symmetries, we propose a suitable commutation relation among certain components of the metric fields
description: 7 pages, contribution to QCD@Work 2022
Enumeration of real curves in CP^{2n-1} and a WDVV relation for real Gromov-Witten invariants
Creators: name: Georgieva, Penka
name: Zinger, Aleksey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D45, 14N35

description: We establish a homology relation for the Deligne-Mumford moduli spaces of real curves which lifts to a WDVV-type relation for real Gromov-Witten invariants of real symplectic manifolds; we also obtain a vanishing theorem for these invariants. For many real symplectic manifolds, these results reduce all genus 0 real invariants with conjugate pairs of constraints to genus 0 invariants with a single conjugate pair of constraints. In particular, we give a complete recursion for counts of real rational curves in odd-dimensional projective spaces with conjugate pairs of constraints and specify all cases when they are nonzero and thus provide non-trivial lower bounds in high-dimensional real algebraic geometry. We also show that the real invariants of the three-dimensional projective space with conjugate point constraints are congruent to their complex analogues modulo 4.
description: 45 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables; exposition revised in Sections 1 and 2; omitted proofs of corollaries added
title: Innenarchitektur des Jugendstils
Creators: name: Howaldt, Gabriele
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2014

description: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 9, Nr. 3 (1980), Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Ausgaben pro Band: 4
Advances in Simulation-Based Search and Batch Reinforcement Learning
Creators: Xiao, Chenjun
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

Reinforcement learning (RL) defines a general computational problem where the learner must learn to make good decisions through interactive experience. To be effective in solving this problem, the learner must be able to explore the environment, make accurate predictions about the future, and compute strategic plans. These joint challenges distinguish RL from other machine learning problems. This dissertation considers two sub-topics of RL: Planning and Batch RL.

For planning, we contribute two novel techniques to improve the efficiency of Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS): 1) Memory-augmented MCTS incorporates a memory structure into MCTS in order to generate an approximate value estimate that combines the estimate of similar states; 2) a new MCTS algorithm that applies maximum entropy policy optimization to general sequential decision-making.

For batch RL, we offer three analyses towards a better understanding of the theoretical foundations of batch RL: 1) a minimax and instance-dependent analysis of batch policy optimization algorithms; 2) a characterization of the curse of passive data collection in batch RL; and 3) a theoretical analysis of convergence and generalization properties of value prediction algorithms with overparameterized models.
Tape #18: compilation of Bella Abzug commenting on CNN about various topics
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Politics and government

description: Poland, Winter shutoffs, Computer games, Family Planning, 12/15/81; Comp. test ban, Modern day wise men, MX/Xmas, social security, Peace on Earth, 12/22/87; Increase tax for revenue, Reagan, Losing Midas touch, 12/28/81
Self-supervised signal denoising in magnetic particle imaging
Creators: name: Peng, Huiling
name: Tian, Jie
name: Hui, Hui
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging IJMPI
Year: 2023

description: Various noises restrict magnetic particle imaging (MPI) to achieve higher resolution and sensitivity in practice. In this study,we proposed a self-supervised learning method to denoise MPI signals. The deep learning-based architecture consisted with four encoder’s blocks (EcBs) and four decoder’s blocks (DcBs). This model was trained with limited data of MPI magnetization signals to efficiently suppress noise related features by directly learning from the noisy signals. Simulated experiments showed that the selfsupervised method could reduce the noise interference in MPI signals and eventually improve image quality
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging IJMPI, Vol 9 No 1 Suppl 1 (2023)
Heroes of Old, Warriors of Renown: Historicizing the Role of Nephilim in Popular Culture
Creators: Harding, Mack
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

The identity of the mysterious Nephilim found in the Hebrew Bible has puzzled biblical readers for over two thousand years, and in the last half-century significant interest in these shadowy beings has been displayed both in religious settings and popular culture. The biblical text contains only two brief mentions of Nephilim in Genesis 6:1-4 and Numbers 13:32-33, with the prevailing ancient conception imagining them as monstrous giants. There are conflicting views on whether they are their own race or if they are the offspring of humans and rebellious angels, but this ambiguity allows Nephilim to be presented in a variety of ways: where once these creatures were conceptualized as giants, today they are depicted as anything from teenage superheroes to terrible ancient gods. This thesis analyzes the reception history of Nephilim, tracing their ancient literary influences to their proliferation in modern novels, films, video games, and more. This is done to best understand the resurgence of interest in Nephilim and their association with occultism in popular media, instead of their biblical context. Regardless of a text’s proclaimed religious allegiance, Nephilim always represent some concept of primordial chaos – the ancient fear that civilization is a step away from plunging back into anarchy and disorder. Nephilim serve as a striking example of what Charles Taylor calls the post-secular, a time where the divide between the “religious” and the “secular” is becoming increasingly dulled.

To best understand the resurgence of interest in Nephilim, I analyze the various contexts they are found in through an academic approach akin to those used by Monster Studies scholars such as Timothy Beal and Stephen T. Asma, focusing primarily on Sigmund Freud’s concept of the unheimlich regarding aspects of horror and monstrosity. Doing so helps explain the resurgence of these creatures in popular media and why they have been increasingly associated with esoteric horror narratives as opposed to the biblical tales they originate from. I examine dozens of examples, beginning with their first fictional appearance in Madeleine L’Engle’s 1986 novel Many Waters. Here, Nephilim are shapeshifting angels who have been barred from heaven and engage in sexual misconduct with humans. This began a trend that spanned genres and mediums, with some distinct examples such as The X-Files television series and The Mortal Instruments novel series. Both texts depict Nephilim as the descendants of angels but with vastly different forms and narrative functions. This study explores how these sources (and many others) make claims on concepts of heroism, victimhood, gender, and birthright by utilizing the Nephilim mythos.
Cohomology of local systems on the moduli of principally polarized abelian surfaces
Creators: name: Petersen, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F46, 14K10, 11G18, 11F67, 11F75

description: Let A_2 be the moduli stack of principally polarized abelian surfaces and V a smooth l-adic sheaf on A_2 associated to an irreducible rational finite dimensional representation of Sp(4). We give an explicit expression for the cohomology of V in any degree in terms of Tate type classes and Galois representations attached to elliptic and Siegel cusp forms. This confirms a conjecture of Faber and van der Geer. As an application we prove a dimension formula for vector-valued Siegel cusp forms for Sp(4,Z) of weight three, which had been conjectured by Ibukiyama.
description: 18 pages. v3: Added a proof of a dimension formula for vector-valued Siegel cusp forms for Sp(4,Z) of weight three, previously conjectured by Ibukiyama. v4: Many minor changes and improvements. Final version, to appear in Pacific Journal of Mathematics
Gravitational coupling of QED and QCD: 3- and 4- point functions in momentum space
Creators: name: Maglio, Matteo Maria
name: Tommasi, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conformal symmetry has important consequences for strong interactions at short distances and provides powerful tools for practical calculations. Even if the Lagrangians of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and Electrodynamics (QED) are invariant under conformal transformations, this symmetry is broken by quantum corrections. The signature of the symmetry breaking is encoded in the presence of massless poles in correlators involving stress-energy tensors. We present a general study of the correlation functions $\langle TJJ\rangle$ and $\langle TTJJ\rangle$ of conformal field theory (CFT) in the flat background limit in momentum space, following a reconstruction method for tensor correlators. Furthermore, our analysis also focuses on studying the dimensional degeneracies of the tensor structures related to these correlators.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, QCD@work 2022 conference proceeding
title: Inhalt
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2014

description: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 9, Nr. 4 (1980), Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Ausgaben pro Band: 4
Exploring how soil fungi can be used to restore native trees on reclaimed substrates containing petroleum hydrocarbons
Creators: Franklin, James
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

As part of reclaiming landscapes mined for bitumen, ecosystems must be revegetated to restore self-sustaining ecosystems in the boreal forest of western Canada. Current reclamation practices can involve the construction of large landforms, sometimes from overburden containing up to 8% hydrocarbons, known as lean oil sand (LOS). This overburden is capped with a layer of salvaged soils, which acts as a base for revegetation. However, residual petroleum hydrocarbons can be present in these reclaimed landforms, and it is unclear what effect they may have on establishing native vegetation. In this same region, forests occur on natural surficial bitumen deposits and some vegetation persists on abandoned ore piles. Understanding how trees are able to survive in naturally occurring shallow-bituminous soils may be key to restoring forests on reclaimed landscapes, where residual petroleum hydrocarbons remain. The majority of the boreal forest plants interact with a group of root-associated fungi, namely mycorrhizal fungi. In addition to providing nutritional benefits, these fungi also have been found to increase a plant’s tolerance to refined petroleum hydrocarbons. Exploring the interaction between trees and mycorrhizal fungi in naturally occurring bituminous soils provides a unique opportunity to investigate whether mycorrhizas promote plant tolerance to residual hydrocarbons in LOS. First, I tested whether LOS is detrimental to plants as a result of hydrocarbons and/or barriers including poor nutrient concentration, water availability, and air availability. I found even at low concentrations (0.88%); LOS reduces plant growth. I also found that none of the ‘barrier modifications’ alleviated the detrimental effects of LOS on plant biomass. Next, I surveyed soil fungi across sites varying in hydrocarbon concentrations and fractions. I then used small amounts of soil from the field sites as inoculum for two conifer species grown in pots. The effect of inoculum varied by origin and tree species suggesting that soil inoculum may be an effective method for establishing some tree species on reclaimed landscapes. This experiment was followed by further testing across several experiments on the effect of LOS on fungal growth. I found that even at low concentrations (1.5%), LOS reduces fungal growth. Overall, my research provides evidence that even at low concentrations, if LOS is present within the rooting zone, plant and fungal growth may be impeded.
The cosmology of a fundamental scalar
Creators: name: Holland, Jonathan
name: Sparling, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83C60 (primary), 83F05 (secondary)

description: We observe that the standard homogeneous cosmologies, those of Minkowski, de Sitter, and anti-de Sitter, which form the matrix for the Robertson--Walker scale factor, live naturally as isolated points inside a larger family of conformally flat metrics obtained by allowing a tensor containing the information of conformal symmetry breaking to be more general. So the standard cosmological metrics are parametrically unstable in this sense, and therefore unphysical. When we pass to the stable family of perturbed metrics, we immediately encounter a scalar field, which drives the conformal expansion of the universe and which automatically obeys the non-linear sine-Gordon equation. The Lagrangian for the sine-Gordon equation is a cosine potential agreeing to the fourth order with the potential used in the approach to the generation of mass in gauge theories. Accordingly we identify our geometric scalar field---actually of the type of an abelian gauge field---with the recently discovered scalar field. There are two constants in the theory: the first, named $m$, is positive and defines a mass scale for the universe; the second, named $Λ$, is the cosmological constant. For the space-time to be everywhere non-singular, equivalently for the (strict) dominant energy condition to hold, these constants must obey the inequality $Λ> m^2/4$.
description: 11 pages
An effective reconstruction method for magnetic particle imaging based on deep neural networks constrained by a physical model
Creators: name: Chen, Xueli
name: Huang, Pengfei
name: Ren, Shenghan
name: Meng, Yu
name: Zhang, Zhonghao
name: Chen, Duofang
name: Zhu, Shouping
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging IJMPI
Year: 2023

description: Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) visualizes the spatial distribution of magnetic particles based on their nonlinear response signals. Such a process can be implemented by image reconstruction. In recent years, deep learning techniques supported by large amounts of training data have been widely used in various medical image reconstructions. However, the acquisition of MPI data requires a long time of obtaining and preprocessing. This makes it impractical to obtain a sufficient amount of data for training. In this work, we propose an MPI image reconstruction framework that incorporates physical model constraints into deep learning networks to overcome the limitation of dependence on training data. This framework optimizes the network parameters through constraints of the physical model rather than training with paired data. Simulation results show that this is an effective reconstruction strategy and has good reconstruction robustness.
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging IJMPI, Vol 9 No 1 Suppl 1 (2023)
title: Der Marienbrunnen auf dem Marktplatz in Schwäbisch Gmünd
Creators: name: Breuer, Judith
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2014

description: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 13, Nr. 2 (1984), Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Ausgaben pro Band: 4
In silico analysis of changes in predicted metabolic capabilities of intestinal microbiota after fecal microbial transplantation for treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection
Creators: Dahiya, Monica
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

Importance: Fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) is effective in treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile (RCDI) infection. The therapeutic efficacy of FMT is thought to be related to restoration of intestinal microbial composition and diversity and key microbially derived compounds, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids.  However, it is unknown if other microbially derived metabolites or processes contribute to FMT efficacy.

Aim: To identify changes in KEGG orthology (KO) groups pre-FMT versus post-FMT to explore other potential microbial derived products that may be important for the therapeutic benefits of FMT in treatment of RCDI.

Methods: In-silico analyses of shotgun metagenomics sequencing data was used to examine the change in KO groups comparing pre-FMT to post-FMT stool samples in patients with RCDI.  Statistical significance was determined using univariate linear mixed models analyses to estimate changes in KOs pre-FMT and at week 1, 4, and 12 post-FMT, with time (weeks) as the main variable. A literature review was completed to propose biological relevance.

Results: Of the 59,987 KO groups identified by shotgun metagenomics sequencing, only 27 demonstrated a statistically significant change after FMT. These KO groups are involved in many cellular processes including metabolism (10/27), DNA synthesis/replication/repair (8/27), cellular signaling (2/27), substrate transport (6/27), and other miscellaneous functions (1/27). Of interest, KO groups involved in iron homeostasis, glycerol metabolism, and arginine regulation, have been implicated to play an important role bacterial growth and virulence, in addition to modulating the intestinal microbial composition.

Conclusion: Our analyses demonstrate several biologically plausible KO groups that are potentially important in mediating the efficacy of FMT in RCDI, beyond microbial diversity, SCFAs, and bile acids.