cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Transformation of sugarcane molasses into fructooligosaccharides with enhanced prebiotic activity using whole-cell biocatalysts from Aureobasidium pullulans FRR 5284 and an invertase-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1403-7A
Creators: name: Khatun, Most Sheauly
name: Hassanpour, Morteza
name: Mussatto, Solange I.
name: Harrison, Mark D.
name: Speight, Robert E.
name: O’Hara, Ian M.
name: Zhang, Zhanying
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Anaerobic growth (indicated by OD600 values) of nine probiotic strains in the presence of FOS and non-FOS sugars.
Measurement of Relative Permeabilities at Low Saturation using a Multi-step Drainage Process
Creators: name: Wang, Shengdong
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Petroleum
subject: Relative Permeability Measurement
subject: Genetic Algorithm
subject: Tube-bundle-model
subject: Gas Drainage Process
subject: End Points Measurement
subject: Coreflood Test

description: The gravity drainage mechanism is important for both maximization of storage capacity of gas and depletion of oil from oil reservoirs. A sensitivity analysis based on numerical simulation of CO2 storage confirms that the liquid(s) relative permeabilities at low liquid saturations and the end points are important for both reservoir simulation and volumetric modeling of these processes. This thesis employs the multi-step drainage process to determine the wetting phase permeabilities close to the end points. In this process, the wetting phase production history was modeled with fully-coupled capillary pressure, by numerical, analytical and pore-scale modelling methods. These models leads to corresponding relative permeability calculation methods, including numerical modeling with automatic history matching, direct estimation using analytical modelling, and an interactive tube-bundle model correlating the pore structure and the relative permeabilities. The first step was to program a simulator in order to mimic the multi-step drainage process. A group of equations were employed to model the one dimensional multi-step drainage process according to Darcy's Law and the mass conservation equations. The equations were solved numerically using PcSim, a program coded using the C++. This program was used as a benchmark to all other models developed in this thesis. Using the program, automatic history matching was introduced as a conventional method to determine the relative permeabilities from the multi-step drainage process. Guo Tao genetic algorithm (GTGA) was successfully applied to history match the two-phase flow in a porous medium. The results indicate the application of the GTGA is faster and more reliable than the conventional genetic algorithm. It was also found that at low wetting phase saturation, the permeabilities of the wetting phase dominate the production history. Following that, an analytical method was developed to directly estimate the relative permeabilities of the wetting phase. The newly developed analytical method simplifies the calculation of the relative permeabilities close to the end points to a level as easy as calculation of absolute permeability using Darcy's Equation. In addition, an interactive tube-bundle model conceptually validated the findings and models developed in this thesis. Further development of this model could potentially be used to history match the experimental data. Finally, experiments carried out with both sandpacks and core samples indicate that these methods can be applied to measure the relative permeabilities close to the end points using a multi-step drainage process for gas/water, oil/water and gas/oil/water systems.
The magnetized medium around the radio galaxy B2 0755+37: an interaction with the intra-group gas
Creators: name: Guidetti, D.
name: Laing, R. A.
name: Croston, J. H.
name: Bridle, A. H.
name: Parma, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the magneto-ionic environment of the isolated radio galaxy B2 0755+37 using detailed imaging of the distributions of Faraday rotation and depolarization over the radio source from Very Large Array observations at 1385,1465 and 4860 MHz and new X-ray data from XMM-Newton. The Rotation Measure (RM) distribution is complex, with evidence for anisotropic fluctuations in two regions. The approaching lobe shows low and uniform RM in an unusual `stripe' along an extension of the jet axis and a linear gradient transverse to this axis over its Northern half. The leading edge of the receding lobe shows arc-like RM structures with sign reversals. Elsewhere, the RM structures are reasonably isotropic. The RM power spectra are well described by cut-off power laws with slopes ranging from 2.1 to 3.2 in different sub-regions. The corresponding magnetic-field autocorrelation lengths, where well-determined, range from 0.25 to 1.4 kpc. It is likely that the fluctuations are mostly produced by compressed gas and field around the leading edges of the lobes. We identify areas of high depolarization around the jets and inner lobes. These could be produced by dense gas immediately surrounding the radio emission containing a magnetic field which is tangled on small scales. We also identify four ways in which the well known depolarization (Faraday depth) asymmetry between jetted and counter-jetted lobes of extended radio sources can be modified by interactions with the surrounding medium.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. Full resolution paper available at: ftp://ftp.ira.inaf.it/pub/outgoing/guidetti/ Subjects: Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
Effect of Temperature on Performance of Vapex Process for Heavy Oil
Creators: name: Haghighat, Parnian
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Petroleum
subject: Vapex
subject: gravity drainage

description: Incorporating some heat injection along with the solvent injection appears to be the most viable option for improving the oil drainage rate of Vapex (Vapor Extraction) in extra-heavy oil formations. This study was aimed at quantifying the upper limit of oil rates achievable with heated solvent injection. Results of the performed research can also be used to assess the applicability of Vapex to naturally warm reservoirs and reservoirs with mobile oil in place. The experimental phase of current research involved conducting Vapex experiments in a high-pressure physical model, packed with 250 Darcy sand, saturated with Athabasca bitumen (Mackay River) using propane as the solvent. The physical model was pre-heated to 40, 50 and 60 °C and propane was injected within 0.817 to 1.55 MPa pressure to investigate the effect of temperature elevation and injection pressure on Vapex performance. Due to the mobility of the original oil in place at elevated temperatures, the total rate of oil production is controlled by two mechanisms: 1. solvent dissolution and oil mobilization at the boundaries of the vapor chamber 2. free fall gravity drainage of undiluted oil within the sand matrix beyond the solvent penetration zone. To evaluate warm Vapex performance under different operating conditions, the contribution of free fall gravity drainage to total recovery was experimentally and numerically determined. Experimental results were compared against Vapex analytical models and a reported empirical correlation. The empirical correlation was modified based on the findings of the current experimental study by incorporating the effect of live oil viscosity into the original correlation. The experimental results of warm Vapex tests were numerically simulated with a commercial compositional simulator, Computer Modelling Group’s (CMG) GEM. Bitumen characterization and thermo physical modeling of bitumen/propane system were performed as part of the numerical study. The developed simulation model verified by the experimental production data was used to extend the study to wider ranges of temperature. Results of the current study indicates that elevating the reservoir temperature to 50oC without increasing the injection pressure, can improve production rate only by 70% and reservoir temperature elevation to above 60 oC is required to achieve more impressive rate increase of nearly 200% when Vapex is performed in heavy oil reservoirs.
Probabilistic AutoRegressive Neural Networks for Accurate Long-range Forecasting
Creators: name: Panja, Madhurima
name: Chakraborty, Tanujit
name: Kumar, Uttam
name: Hadid, Abdenour
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Forecasting time series data is a critical area of research with applications spanning from stock prices to early epidemic prediction. While numerous statistical and machine learning methods have been proposed, real-life prediction problems often require hybrid solutions that bridge classical forecasting approaches and modern neural network models. In this study, we introduce the Probabilistic AutoRegressive Neural Networks (PARNN), capable of handling complex time series data exhibiting non-stationarity, nonlinearity, non-seasonality, long-range dependence, and chaotic patterns. PARNN is constructed by improving autoregressive neural networks (ARNN) using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) feedback error, combining the explainability, scalability, and "white-box-like" prediction behavior of both models. Notably, the PARNN model provides uncertainty quantification through prediction intervals, setting it apart from advanced deep learning tools. Through comprehensive computational experiments, we evaluate the performance of PARNN against standard statistical, machine learning, and deep learning models, including Transformers, NBeats, and DeepAR. Diverse real-world datasets from macroeconomics, tourism, epidemiology, and other domains are employed for short-term, medium-term, and long-term forecasting evaluations. Our results demonstrate the superiority of PARNN across various forecast horizons, surpassing the state-of-the-art forecasters. The proposed PARNN model offers a valuable hybrid solution for accurate long-range forecasting. By effectively capturing the complexities present in time series data, it outperforms existing methods in terms of accuracy and reliability. The ability to quantify uncertainty through prediction intervals further enhances the model's usefulness in decision-making processes.
Additional file 1 of Decreasing hospital burden of COVID-19 during the first wave in Regione Lombardia: an emergency measures context
Creators: name: Maria, Grosso Francesca
name: Margaret, Presanis Anne
name: Kevin, Kunzmann
name: Chris, Jackson
name: Alice, Corbella
name: Giacomo, Grasselli
name: Aida, Andreassi
name: Annalisa, Bodina
name: Maria, Gramegna
name: Silvana, Castaldi
name: Danilo, Cereda
name: Daniela, De Angelis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Quantitatively linking morphology and optical response of individual silver nanohedra
Creators: name: Wang, Yisu
name: Sztranyovszky, Zoltan
name: Zilli, Attilio
name: Albrecht, Wiebke
name: Bals, Sara
name: Borri, Paola
name: Langbein, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical response of metal nanoparticles is governed by plasmonic resonances, which are dictated by the particle morphology. A thorough understanding of the link between morphology and optical response requires quantitatively measuring optical and structural properties of the same particle. Here we present such a study, correlating electron tomography and optical micro-spectroscopy. The optical measurements determine the scattering and absorption cross-section spectra in absolute units, and electron tomography determines the 3D morphology. Numerical simulations of the spectra for the individual particle geometry, and the specific optical setup used, allow for a quantitative comparison including the cross-section magnitude. Silver nanoparticles produced by photochemically driven colloidal synthesis, including decahedra, tetrahedra and bi-tetrahedra are investigated. A mismatch of measured and simulated spectra is found when assuming pure silver particles, which is resolved by the presence of a few atomic layers of tarnish on the surface, not evident in electron tomography. The presented method tightens the link between particle morphology and optical response, supporting the predictive design of plasmonic nanomaterials.
FEATURES OF THE CONDITION OF THE ORAL CAVITY IN CHILDREN OF A PATIENT WITH CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS
Creators: name: Shadieva, Shodiya
name: Kamolova, Lobar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Among the diseases, diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract in children occur in 3-4% of cases. In addition to a high indicator in the composition of children's diseases, the pathology of the urinary system attracts attention with the severity of the prognosis. Unspecified diseases and late treatment often lead to the development of a pathological process and the development of chronic kidney failure, which leads to a delay in the growth and development of Children, Disability and a significant decrease in life expectancy.
$^4$He energies and radii by the coupled-cluster method with many-body average potential
Creators: name: Kohno, M.
name: Okamoto, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reformulated coupled-cluster method (CCM), in which average many-body potentials are introduced, provides a useful framework to organize numerous terms appearing in CCM equations, which enables us to clarify the structure of the CCM theory and physical importance of various terms more easily. We explicitly apply this framework to $^4$He, retaining one-body and two-body correlations as the first illustrating attempt. Numerical results with using two modern nucleon-nucleon interactions (AV18 and CD-Bonn) and their low-momentum interactions are presented. The characters of short-range and many-body correlations are discussed. Although not considered explicitly, the expression of the ground-state energy in the presence of a three-nucleon force is given.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in PRC
Process-Based Simulation in SimFC
Creators: name: Siadat, Seyed Jamal
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Civil
subject: Engineering--Operations Research
subject: SimFC
subject: Process-based Simulation
subject: Pile simulation
subject: Special purpose simulator
subject: user-interface improvement
subject: Construction simulation

description: Although CPM-based scheduling is a widely accepted planning tool, it is unable to represent many of the repetitive operational processes. Computer simulation is a viable alternative which has demonstrated the ability to effectively model construction processes, occurring at the operation level. However, many simulation platforms are complex requiring advanced programming knowledge and expertise. Further challenges arise due to the lack of integration support with other planning tools such as CPM based schedules, reducing the applicability of these platforms. The research presented in this thesis builds on the current body of knowledge in order to remedy this situation. The end result was the introduction of Simulator For Construction (SimFC for short), which is a new process-based simulator with the ability to reduce the complexities of process-based simulation by providing simple, and intuitive interfaces. SimFC also reduces the gap between activity-based scheduling and process-based simulation in an effective and reliable manner. A unique depth first algorithm was designed and implemented to import project activities, and resource information from CPM-based schedules. The elements of the common SimFC template could then be used to define the desired process behaviours. Reusable, domain specific components can also be developed by grouping elements provided in the common template. These elements can then be saved and reused as part of a special purpose simulator. Although, using SimFC does require a solid understanding of process-simulation concepts, no programming knowledge is required to build specific models or domain specific simulators. Results from studies show that complex SimFC-based tools can be developed at a pace exceeding that of existing systems by a factor of ten.
The Variation of the Solar Neutrino Fluxes over Time in the Homestake, GALLEX(GNO) and Super-Kamiokande Experiments
Creators: name: Sakurai, K.
name: Haubold, H. J.
name: Shirai, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the records of the fluxes of solar neutrinos from the Homestake, GALLEX (GNO), and Super-Kamiokande experiments, their statistical analyses were performed to search for whether there existed a time variation of these fluxes. The results of the analysis for the three experiments indicate that these fluxes are varying quasi-biennially. This means that both efficiencies of the initial p-p and the pp-III reactions of the proton-proton chain are varying quasi-biennially together with a period of about 26 months. Since this time variation prospectively generated by these two reactions strongly suggests that the efficiency of the proton-proton chain as the main energy source of the Sun has a tendency to vary quasi-biennially due to some chaotic or non-linear process taking place inside the gravitationally stabilized solar fusion reactor. It should be, however, remarked that, at the present moment, we have no theoretical reasoning to resolve this mysterious result generally referred to as the quasi-biennial periodicity in the time variation of the fluxes of solar neutrinos. There is an urgent need to search for the reason why such a quasi-biennial periodicity is caused through some physical process as related to nuclear fusion deep inside the Sun.
description: 11 pages, pdf
Musikalisch-bildliche Dialoge / Feldman - Rohthko
Creators: name: Peter Oberosler
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Handout for the seminar: Musikhistorisches Seminar: Bildbezogenes Komponieren at University Innsbruck / Musicology / WS 2011/12;
Instructor: Prof. Dr. Monika Fink-Naumann / Speaker: Peter Oberosler;
Topic: intermediality / Morton Feldman / Mark Rothko
Visual displays in elementary schools: more than just a pretty picture
Creators: name: Martens, Sherry
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Education--Art
subject: Education--Curriculum and Instruction
subject: Education--Elementary
subject: Visual Displays
subject: Bulletin Boards
subject: Hermeneutics
subject: Interpretive Inquiry
subject: Arts Based Research Methodology
subject: Visual Culture in Schools
subject: Teacher Identity
subject: History of Education in Canada
subject: History of Education in Calgary
subject: School Decoration Movement
subject: Reggio-Inspired Philosophy
subject: Picture Study
subject: Poetic Transcription
subject: Curriculum Theory

description: This dissertation is a hermeneutic inquiry into the meaning of visual displays in elementary schools. Specifically, I address the question of how visual displays have come to appear in our schools. I explore, through my conversations with three elementary teacher participants, the topic of visual displays. The inquiry explores historical, pedagogical, cultural and personal narratives through teacher identity that open up an understanding of the topic of visual displays in elementary schools. The inquiry also investigates the intersubjectivity of visual culture in education and how this relates to a tradition of images in schools. This dissertation draws upon the philosophical writings of Hans-Georg Gadamer and nineteenth-century social theorist John Ruskin to understand how the appearance of tradition, joy, beauty, and labor came to be associated with the existence of visual displays. I critically trace the historic threads of “object-study,” “nature study,” the school-decoration movement and picture-study as they speak to the current practices of visual displays in today’s schools. Understanding that “images speak” is an important notion for the twenty-first century educator yet is rarely discussed or taken up critically. Thus, my exploration into the meaning and significance of the topic of visual displays in elementary schools opens up the possibility for new understandings of visuality in education.
Visualization Psychology for Eye Tracking Evaluation
Creators: name: Koch, Maurice
name: Kurzhals, Kuno
name: Burch, Michael
name: Weiskopf, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Technical progress in hardware and software enables us to record gaze data in everyday situations and over long time spans. Among a multitude of research opportunities, this technology enables visualization researchers to catch a glimpse behind performance measures and into the perceptual and cognitive processes of people using visualization techniques. The majority of eye tracking studies performed for visualization research is limited to the analysis of gaze distributions and aggregated statistics, thus only covering a small portion of insights that can be derived from gaze data. We argue that incorporating theories and methodology from psychology and cognitive science will benefit the design and evaluation of eye tracking experiments for visualization. This book chapter provides an overview of how eye tracking can be used in a variety of study designs. Further, we discuss the potential merits of cognitive models for the evaluation of visualizations. We exemplify these concepts on two scenarios, each focusing on a different eye tracking study. Lastly, we identify several call for actions.
Nonequilibrium dynamics of strings in time-dependent plane wave backgrounds
Creators: name: Nardi, R.
name: Vancea, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate and study the nonequilibrium dynamics of strings near the singularity of the time-dependent plane wave background in the framework of the Nonequilibrium Thermo Field Dynamics (NETFD). In particular, we construct the Hilbert space of the thermal string oscillators at nonequilibrium and generalize the NETFD to describe the coordinates of the center of mass of the thermal string. The equations of motion of the thermal fields and the Hamiltonian are derived. Due to the time-dependence of the oscillator frequencies, a counterterm is present in the Hamiltonian. This counterterm determines the correlation functions in a perturbative fashion. We compute the two point correlation function of the thermal string at zero order in the power expansion.
description: 21 pages
Dose verification of a stereotactic IMRT treatment planning system
Creators: name: Xian, Zheng
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In this project, ion chamber measurement and film dosimetry were used to verify dose distributions for a new stereotactic IMRT (Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy) treatment planning system. This technique combines the principles of stereotactic radiosurgery and IMRT to significantly increase the positioning accuracy compared with conventional IMRT . Ion chamber measurements reveal that the discrepancy between the measured and the calculated dose at the isocenter can be up to 2%. Angular dependence of ion chamber sensitivity and the tissue equivalence of the phantom material were determined to be the main sources of this discrepancy. Radiochromic film was used as the film dosimeter in the project. A set of performance tests of Gafchromic EBT film indicated that the uncertainty in Gafchromic EBT film dosimety was expected to be 2.5%. However, the discrepancies we found in measurements of clinical cases using the film were much larger than this. And further investigation into this discrepancy was beyond the scope of this thesis.
Additional file 2 of Insights into 6S RNA in lactic acid bacteria (LAB)
Creators: name: Cataldo, Pablo Gabriel
name: Klemm, Paul
name: Thüring, Marietta
name: Saavedra, Lucila
name: Hebert, Elvira Maria
name: Hartmann, Roland K.
name: Lechner, Marcus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: Additional file 2 Full 6S RNA phylogeny (pdf). Sequence- and structure-based reconstruction of 6S RNA phylogeny in LAB including the annotation of species with located cre sites. Full taxonomic resolution of Fig. 1.
Assessing Rodent Euthanasia Methods through Evaluation of Physiological Parameters
Creators: name: Chisholm, Jessica
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: Veterinary Science

description: Two million rodents are euthanized in Canada annually; the majority of these animals will be euthanized with carbon dioxide gas. Avoidance-approach studies have indicated that its use is aversive for rodents. Other studies have linked CO2 nasal nociceptor activation (painful in humans) to bradycardia. This study assessed the following euthanasia methods through evaluation of physiological parameters (electroencephalography, electrocardiography, electromyography): carbon dioxide, isoflurane, carbon dioxide/oxygen and sodium pentobarbital. Loss of consciousness was assessed by testing the righting reflex. Thirty-two adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were instrumented with telemetric transmitters and euthanized seven days post-instrumentation. Carbon dioxide caused bradycardia in rats prior to loss of consciousness, the severity of bradycardia was lessened by the addition of supplemental oxygen. Carbon dioxide was the fastest euthanasia technique followed by isoflurane, carbon dioxide/oxygen and sodium pentobarbital. Neither recumbency nor muscle quiescence were reliable indicators of loss of consciousness. Overall isoflurane is the preferred method of euthanasia.
Recognition of Words from the EEG Laplacian
Creators: name: de Barros, J. Acacio
name: Carvalhaes, C. G.
name: de Mendonça, J. P. R. F.
name: Suppes, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Recent works on the relationship between the electro-encephalogram (EEG) data and psychological stimuli show that EEG recordings can be used to recognize an auditory stimulus presented to a subject. The recognition rate is, however, strongly affected by technical and physiological artifacts. In this work, subjects were presented seven auditory simuli in the form of English words (first, second, third, left, right, yes, and no), and the time-locked electric field was recorded with a 64 channel Neuroscan EEG system. We used the surface Laplacian operator to eliminate artifacts due to sources located at regions far from the electrode. Our intent with the Laplacian was to improve the recognition rates of auditory stimuli from the electric field. To compute the Laplacian, we used a spline interpolation from spherical harmonics. The EEG Laplacian of the electric field were average over trials for the same auditory stimulus, and with those averages we constructed prototypes and test samples. In addition to the Laplacian, we applied Butterworth bandpass digital filters to the averaged prototypes and test samples, and compared the filtered test samples against the prototypes using a least squares metric in the time domain. We also analyzed the effects of the spline interpolation order and bandpass filter parameters in the recognition rates. Our results show that the use of the Laplacian improves the recognition rates and suggests a spatial isomorphism between both subjects.
Identification of Physical Processes and Unknown Parameters of 3D Groundwater Contaminant Problems via Theory-guided U-net
Creators: name: He, Tianhao
name: Chang, Haibin
name: Zhang, Dongxiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Identification of unknown physical processes and parameters of groundwater contaminant sources is a challenging task due to their ill-posed and non-unique nature. Numerous works have focused on determining nonlinear physical processes through model selection methods. However, identifying corresponding nonlinear systems for different physical phenomena using numerical methods can be computationally prohibitive. With the advent of machine learning (ML) algorithms, more efficient surrogate models based on neural networks (NNs) have been developed in various disciplines. In this work, a theory-guided U-net (TgU-net) framework is proposed for surrogate modeling of three-dimensional (3D) groundwater contaminant problems in order to efficiently elucidate their involved processes and unknown parameters. In TgU-net, the underlying governing equations are embedded into the loss function of U-net as soft constraints. For the considered groundwater contaminant problem, sorption is considered to be a potential process of an uncertain type, and three equilibrium sorption isotherm types (i.e., linear, Freundlich, and Langmuir) are considered. Different from traditional approaches in which one model corresponds to one equation, these three sorption types are modeled through only one TgU-net surrogate. The three mentioned sorption terms are integrated into one equation by assigning indicators. Accurate predictions illustrate the satisfactory generalizability and extrapolability of the constructed TgU-net. Furthermore, based on the constructed TgU-net surrogate, a data assimilation method is employed to identify the physical process and parameters simultaneously. This work shows the possibility of governing equation discovery of physical problems that contain multiple and even uncertain processes by using deep learning and data assimilation methods.
description: 40 pages, 19 figures
Josephson super-current in graphene-superconductor junction
Creators: name: Sarvestani, E.
name: Jafari, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the tunneling Hamiltonian formulation for the eight-component spinors,the Josephson critical super-current has been calculated in a planar superconductor-normal graphene-superconductor junction. Coupling between superconductor regions and graphene is taken into account by a tunneling Hamiltonian which contains two types of tunneling, intra-valley and inter-valley tunneling. Within the present tunneling approach, we find that the contributions of two kinds of tunneling to the critical super-current, are completely separable. Therefore, it is possible to consider the effect of the inter-valley tunnelings in the critical super-current. The incorporation of these type of processes into the tunneling Hamiltonian, exposes a special feature of the graphene Josephson junctions. The effect of inter-valley tunneling appears in the length dependence plot of critical current in the form of oscillations. We also present the results for temperature dependence of critical super-current and compare with experimental results and other theoretical calculations.
Vacuum Annealed Cu contacts for graphene electronics
Creators: name: Malec, C. E.
name: Elkus, B.
name: Davidovic, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present transfer-length-method measurements of the contact resistance between Cu and graphene, and a method to significantly reduce the contact resistance by vacuum annealing. Even in samples with heavily contaminated contacts, the contacts display very low contact resistance post annealing. Due to the common use of Cu, and it's low chemical reactivity with graphene, thermal annealing will be important for future graphene devices requiring non-perturbing contacts with low contact resistance.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Glass: Opportunities in Design and Technology
Creators: name: Ortiz Ortega, Alejandra
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Design and Decorative Arts
subject: Glass
subject: Design
subject: technology

description: The objective of this thesis research is to identify and explore the design opportunities and the potential capabilities and applications for new glass products, given recent advances in glass material and the incorporation of digital technologies. In order to accomplish this objective, different issues, such as the history of glass, the state of the art in glass, the technology in its broadest sense, the relationships established between people and technology were explored. Analysis and insight into these issues allowed a focus on semiotic pollution, which in turn informed an industrial design response.
cuPSO: GPU Parallelization for Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithms
Creators: name: Wang, Chuan-Chi
name: Ho, Chun-Yen
name: Tu, Chia-Heng
name: Hung, Shih-Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a stochastic technique for solving the optimization problem. Attempts have been made to shorten the computation times of PSO based algorithms with massive threads on GPUs (graphic processing units), where thread groups are formed to calculate the information of particles and the computed outputs for the particles are aggregated and analyzed to find the best solution. In particular, the reduction-based method is considered as a common approach to handle the data aggregation and analysis for the calculated particle information. Nevertheless, based on our analysis, the reduction-based method would suffer from excessive memory accesses and thread synchronization overheads. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm to alleviate the above overheads with the atomic functions. The threads within a thread group update the calculated results atomically to the intra-group data queue conditionally, which prevents the frequent accesses to the memory as done by the parallel reduction operations. Furthermore, we develop an enhanced version of the algorithm to alleviate the synchronization barrier among the thread groups, which is achieved by allowing the thread groups to run asynchronously and updating to the global, lock-protected variables occasionally if necessary. Our experimental results show that our proposed algorithm running on the Nvidia GPU is about 200 times faster than the serial version executed by the Intel Xeon CPU. Moreover, the novel algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art method (the parallel reduction approach) by a factor of 2.2.
description: Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the owner/author(s)
Evidence Based Design: Exploring Research, Education, and Application in Interior Design
Creators: name: Nemeth, Cynthia
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Design and Decorative Arts
subject: Education--Adult and Continuing
subject: Interior Design
subject: Evidence Based Design
subject: Research Based Practice
subject: Continuing Professional Education
subject: Reflective Practice
subject: Professional Practice
subject: Design Process
subject: Instructional Design

description: The purpose of this thesis is to explore the role of continuing professional education as a vehicle for linking research to professional interior design practice. Evidence-based design is an approach which enhances an established design process by calling upon the practitioner to create solutions in the built environment based on credible research. However, the role of research is currently not well understood and generally not the focus of professional continuing education courses in interior design. The objective of the study is to demonstrate a ‘prototype’ evidence-based design continuing professional education unit for ID practitioners. The results of the exploration show that practitioners consider research-based elements valuable in design practice given projects with a supportive client. Using a research approach in practice contributes to a culture of professional inquiry, and increased understanding of evidence-based design concepts can add value to the unique professional knowledge base used in ID professional practice.
Additional file 3 of Insights into 6S RNA in lactic acid bacteria (LAB)
Creators: name: Cataldo, Pablo Gabriel
name: Klemm, Paul
name: Thüring, Marietta
name: Saavedra, Lucila
name: Hebert, Elvira Maria
name: Hartmann, Roland K.
name: Lechner, Marcus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: Additional file 3 16S rRNA phylogeny (pdf). Phylogenetic reconstruction of LAB 16S rRNA.
Inferring electrochemical performance and parameters of Li-ion batteries based on deep operator networks
Creators: name: Zheng, Qiang
name: Yin, Xiaoguang
name: Zhang, Dongxiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Li-ion battery is a complex physicochemical system that generally takes applied current as input and terminal voltage as output. The mappings from current to voltage can be described by several kinds of models, such as accurate but inefficient physics-based models, and efficient but sometimes inaccurate equivalent circuit and black-box models. To realize accuracy and efficiency simultaneously in battery modeling, we propose to build a data-driven surrogate for a battery system while incorporating the underlying physics as constraints. In this work, we innovatively treat the functional mapping from current curve to terminal voltage as a composite of operators, which is approximated by the powerful deep operator network (DeepONet). Its learning capability is firstly verified through a predictive test for Li-ion concentration at two electrodes. In this experiment, the physics-informed DeepONet is found to be more robust than the purely data-driven DeepONet, especially in temporal extrapolation scenarios. A composite surrogate is then constructed for mapping current curve and solid diffusivity to terminal voltage with three operator networks, in which two parallel physics-informed DeepONets are firstly used to predict Li-ion concentration at two electrodes, and then based on their surface values, a DeepONet is built to give terminal voltage predictions. Since the surrogate is differentiable anywhere, it is endowed with the ability to learn from data directly, which was validated by using terminal voltage measurements to estimate input parameters. The proposed surrogate built upon operator networks possesses great potential to be applied in on-board scenarios, such as battery management system, since it integrates efficiency and accuracy by incorporating underlying physics, and also leaves an interface for model refinement through a totally differentiable model structure.
description: 32 pages, 15 figures
Highly anisotropic anomaly in the dispersion of the copper-oxygen bond-bending phonon in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 from inelastic neutron scattering
Creators: name: Raichle, M.
name: Reznik, D.
name: Lamago, D.
name: Heid, R.
name: Li, Y.
name: Bakr, M.
name: Ulrich, C.
name: Hinkov, V.
name: Hradil, K.
name: Lin, C. T.
name: Keimer, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by predictions of a substantial contribution of the "buckling" vibration of the CuO2 layers to d-wave superconductivity in the cuprates, we have performed an inelastic neutron scattering study of this phonon in an array of untwinned crystals of YBa2Cu3O7. The data reveal a pronounced softening of the phonon at the in-plane wave vector q = (0, 0.3) upon cooling below ~ 105 K, but no corresponding anomaly at q = (0.3, 0). Based on the observed in-plane anisotropy, we argue that the electron-phonon interaction responsible for this anomaly supports an electronic instability associated with a uniaxial charge-density modulation and does not mediate d-wave superconductivity.
description: to appear in PRL
A computational study of nematic core structure and disclination interactions in elastically anisotropic nematics
Creators: name: Myers, Lucas
name: Swift, Carter
name: Ronning, Jonas
name: Angheluta, Luiza
name: Vinals, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A singular potential method in the Q tensor order parameter representation of a nematic liquid crystal is used to study the equilibrium configuration of a disclination dipole. Unlike the well studied isotropic limit (the so called one constant approximation), we focus on the case of anisotropic Frank elasticity (bend/splay elastic constant contrast). Prior research has established that the singular potential method provides an accurate description of the tensor order parameter profile in the vicinity of a disclination core of a highly anisotropic lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal. This research is extended here to two interacting disclinations forming a dipole configuration. The director angle is shown to decay in the far field inversely with distance to the dipole as is the case in the isotropic limit, but with a different angular dependence. Therefore elastic constant anisotropy modifies the elastic screening between disclinations, with implications for the study of ensembles of defects as seen, for example, in active matter in the extended system limit.
Small scale anisotropy in turbulent shearless mixing
Creators: name: Tordella, Daniela
name: Iovieno, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generation of small-scale anisotropy in turbulent shearless mixing is numerically investigated. Data from direct numerical simulations at Taylor Reynolds' numbers between 45 and 150 show that there is not only a significant departure of the longitudinal velocity derivative moments from the values found in homogeneous and isotropic turbulence, but that the variation of skewness has an opposite sign for the components across the mixing layer and parallel to it. The anisotropy induced by the presence of a kinetic energy gradient has a very different pattern from the one generated by an homogeneous shear. The transversal derivative moments in the mixing are in fact found to be very small, which highlights that smallness of the transversal moments is not a sufficient condition for isotropy.
description: Physical Review Letters (in press). 5 pages, 5 figures
Predicting Fracture in the Proximal Humerus using Phase Field Models
Creators: name: Hug, L.
name: Dahan, G.
name: Kollmannsberger, S.
name: Rank, E.
name: Yosibash, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Proximal humerus impacted fractures are of clinical concern in the elderly population. Prediction of such fractures by CT-based finite element methods encounters several major obstacles such as heterogeneous mechanical properties and fracture due to compressive strains. We herein propose to investigate a variation of the phase field method (PFM) embedded into the finite cell method (FCM) to simulate impacted humeral fractures in fresh frozen human humeri. The force-strain response, failure loads and the fracture path are compared to experimental observations for validation purposes. The PFM (by means of the regularization parameter $l_0$) is first calibrated by one experiment and thereafter used for the prediction of the mechanical response of two other human fresh frozen humeri. All humeri are fractured at the surgical neck and strains are monitored by Digital Image Correlation (DIC). Experimental strains in the elastic regime are reproduced with good agreement ($R^2 = 0.726$), similarly to the validated finite element method [9]. The failure pattern and fracture evolution at the surgical neck predicted by the PFM mimic extremely well the experimental observations for all three humeri. The maximum relative error in the computed failure loads is $3.8\%$. To the best of our knowledge this is the first method that can predict well the experimental compressive failure pattern as well as the force-strain relationship in proximal humerus fractures.
Stochastic-Based Pattern Recognition Analysis
Creators: name: Canals, V.
name: Morro, A.
name: Rosselló, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work we review the basic principles of stochastic logic and propose its application to probabilistic-based pattern-recognition analysis. The proposed technique is intrinsically a parallel comparison of input data to various pre-stored categories using Bayesian techniques. We design smart pulse-based stochastic-logic blocks to provide an efficient pattern recognition analysis. The proposed rchitecture is applied to a specific navigation problem. The resulting system is orders of magnitude faster than processor-based solutions.
Additional file 5 of Insights into 6S RNA in lactic acid bacteria (LAB)
Creators: name: Cataldo, Pablo Gabriel
name: Klemm, Paul
name: Thüring, Marietta
name: Saavedra, Lucila
name: Hebert, Elvira Maria
name: Hartmann, Roland K.
name: Lechner, Marcus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: Additional file 5 6S RNA grouped consensus alignment (pdf). Folded consensus structure of the 6S RNA groups analogous to Fig. 3.