cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Finite element interpolated neural networks for solving forward and inverse problems
Creators: name: Badia, Santiago
name: Li, Wei
name: Martín, Alberto F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a general framework for solving forward and inverse problems constrained by partial differential equations, where we interpolate neural networks onto finite element spaces to represent the (partial) unknowns. The framework overcomes the challenges related to the imposition of boundary conditions, the choice of collocation points in physics-informed neural networks, and the integration of variational physics-informed neural networks. A numerical experiment set confirms the framework's capability of handling various forward and inverse problems. In particular, the trained neural network generalises well for smooth problems, beating finite element solutions by some orders of magnitude. We finally propose an effective one-loop solver with an initial data fitting step (to obtain a cheap initialisation) to solve inverse problems.
Spin imaging of Poiseuille flow of viscous electronic fluid
Creators: name: Denisov, K. S.
name: Baryshnikov, K. A.
name: Alekseev, P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent progress in fabricating high-quality conductors with small densities of defects has initiated the studies of the viscous electron fluid and has motivated the search for the evidences of the hydrodynamic regime of electron transport. In this work we come up with the spin imaging technique allowing us to attest to the emergence of electron hydrodynamic flows. Based on numerical calculations we demonstrate that the injected electron spin density is inhomogeneous across the channel when the viscous electron fluid forms the Poiseuille flow. We also argue that the Hanle curves at different positions across the channel acquire relative phase shifts resulting from the variation of the electron drift velocity in inhomogeneous hydrodynamic flows. The studied effects can be employed to evidence and study the viscous electron fluid non-invasively.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
การพัฒนาการเรียนรู้นักเรียนที่มีความต้องการจำเป็นพิเศษโดยครอบครัวและชุมชนในจังหวัดชัยภูมิ
Creators: name: ดวงชนก  ลันดา
name: จรูญเกียรติ  กุลสอน
Publisher: name: บัณฑิตวิทยาลัย มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏนครสวรรค์
Year: 2559
Subjects: การพัฒนาการเรียนรู้
นักเรียน
ครอบครัวและชุมชน

description: วารสารวิชาการและวิจัยสังคมศาสตร์, 11, 33, 13-24
IMSRG-Net: A machine learning-based solver for In-Medium Similarity Renormalization Group
Creators: name: Yoshida, Sota
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel method, IMSRG-Net, which utilizes machine learning techniques as a solver for the in-medium Similarity Renormalization Group (IMSRG). The primary objective of IMSRG-Net is to approximate the Magnus operators $Ω(s)$ in the IMSRG flow equation, thereby offering an alternative to the computationally intensive part of IMSRG calculations. The key idea of IMSRG-Net is its design of the loss function inspired by physics-informed neural networks to encode the underlying {\it physics}, i.e., IMSRG flow equation, into the model. Through training on a dataset comprising ten data points with flow parameters up to $s = 20$, capturing approximately one-eighth to one-quarter of the entire flow, IMSRG-Net exhibits remarkable accuracy in extrapolating the ground state energies and charge radii of ${}^{16}$O and ${}^{40}$Ca. Furthermore, this model demonstrates effectiveness in deriving effective interactions for a valence space.
description: 8 pages, accepted version for Phys. Rev. C
กิจกรรมค่ายคณิตศาสตร์เพื่อพัฒนาทักษะการให้เหตุผลทางคณิตศาสตร์สำหรับนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 1 ปีการศึกษา 2558 โรงเรียนสิงห์บุรี
Creators: name: วันชนะ  ปานสุวรรณภรณ์
name: นวลชื่น  ธานีพูน
name: สุดาภรณ์  ภู่แพร
Publisher: name: บัณฑิตวิทยาลัย มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏนครสวรรค์
Year: 2559
Subjects: ค่ายคณิตศาสตร์
ศักยภาพทางคณิตศาสตร์

description: วารสารวิชาการและวิจัยสังคมศาสตร์, 11, 33, 25-42
A High-Resolution Hubble Space Telescope Study of Apparent Lyman Continuum Leakers at $z\sim3$
Creators: name: Mostardi, Robin E.
name: Shapley, Alice E.
name: Steidel, Charles C.
name: Trainor, Ryan F.
name: Reddy, Naveen A.
name: Siana, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present $U_{336}V_{606}J_{125}H_{160}$ follow-up $HST$ observations of 16 $z\sim3$ candidate LyC emitters in the HS1549+1919 field. With these data, we obtain high spatial-resolution photometric redshifts of all sub-arcsecond components of the LyC candidates in order to eliminate foreground contamination and identify robust candidates for leaking LyC emission. Of the 16 candidates, we find one object with a robust LyC detection that is not due to foreground contamination. This object (MD5) resolves into two components; we refer to the LyC-emitting component as MD5b. MD5b has an observed 1500Å to 900Å flux-density ratio of $(F_{UV}/F_{LyC})_{obs}=4.0\pm2.0$, compatible with predictions from stellar population synthesis models. Assuming minimal IGM absorption, this ratio corresponds to a relative (absolute) escape fraction of $f_{esc,rel}^{MD5b}=75-100$% ($f_{esc,abs}^{MD5b}=14-19$%). The stellar population fit to MD5b indicates an age of $\lesssim50$Myr, which is in the youngest 10% of the $HST$ sample and the youngest third of typical $z\sim3$ Lyman break galaxies, and may be a contributing factor to its LyC detection. We obtain a revised, contamination-free estimate for the comoving specific ionizing emissivity at $z=2.85$, indicating (with large uncertainties) that star-forming galaxies provide roughly the same contribution as QSOs to the ionizing background at this redshift. Our results show that foreground contamination prevents ground-based LyC studies from obtaining a full understanding of LyC emission from $z\sim3$ star-forming galaxies. Future progress in direct LyC searches is contingent upon the elimination of foreground contaminants through high spatial-resolution observations, and upon acquisition of sufficiently deep LyC imaging to probe ionizing radiation in high-redshift galaxies.
description: 31 pages, 5 tables, 19 figures. Accepted to ApJ. Version with full-resolution figures is available at: http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~aes/Mostardi_HST_LyC.pdf
The effect of screening on the relaxation dynamics in the Coulomb glass
Creators: name: Bhandari, Preeti
name: Malik, Vikas
name: Schechter, Moshe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper examines the relaxation dynamics of a two-dimensional Coulomb glass lattice model with high disorders. The study aims to investigate the effects of disorder and Coulomb interactions on glassy dynamics by computing the eigenvalue distribution of the linear dynamical matrix using mean-field approximations. The findings highlight the significance of the single-particle density of states (DOS) as the main controlling parameter affecting the relaxation at intermediate and long times. For the model with unscreened Coulomb interactions, our results indicate that the depletion of the DOS near the Fermi level leads to logarithmic decay at intermediate times. As the relaxation progresses to longer times, a power-law decay emerges, with the exponent approaching zero as the disorder strength increases, suggesting the manifestation of logarithmic decay at high disorders. The effects of screening of interactions on the dynamics are also studied at various screening and disorder strengths. The findings reveal that screening leads to the filling of the gap in the density of states, causing deviation from logarithmic decay at intermediate disorders. Moreover, in the strong disorder regime, the relaxation dynamics are dominated by disorder, and even with screened Coulomb interactions, the electronic relaxation remains similar to the unscreened case. The time at which crossover to exponential decay occurs increases with increasing disorder and interaction strength.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Learning Microbial Interaction Networks from Metagenomic Count Data
Creators: name: Mcdonald, Meredith
name: Dangl, Jeffery L.
name: Biswas, Surojit
name: Jojic, Vladimir
name: Lundberg, Derek S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Abstract Many microbes associate with higher eukaryotes and impact their vitality. To engineer microbiomes for host benefit, we must understand the rules of community assembly and maintenance that, in large part, demand an understanding of the direct interactions among community members. Toward this end, we have developed a Poisson-multivariate normal hierarchical model to learn direct interactions from the count-based output of standard metagenomics sequencing experiments. Our model controls for confounding predictors at the Poisson layer and captures direct taxon–taxon interactions at the multivariate normal layer using an ℓ1 penalized precision matrix. We show in a synthetic experiment that our method handily outperforms state-of-the-art methods such as SparCC and the graphical lasso (glasso). In a real in planta perturbation experiment of a nine-member bacterial community, we show our model, but not SparCC or glasso, correctly resolves a direct interaction structure among three community members that ...
Realizations of the Extended Snyder Model
Creators: name: Bilać, Tea Martinić
name: Meljanac, Stjepan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the exact realization of the extended Snyder model. Using similarity transformations, we construct realizations of the original Snyder and the extended Snyder models. Finally, we present the exact new realization of the $κ$-deformed extended Snyder model.
โมเดลโครงสร้างของปัจจัยที่ส่งผลต่อความสำเร็จในการบริหารโรงเรียนสังกัดองค์การบริหารส่วนจังหวัด
Creators: name: กฤตย์  ไชยวงศ์
Publisher: name: บัณฑิตวิทยาลัย มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏนครสวรรค์
Year: 2559
Subjects: การบริหารโรงเรียน
โรงเรียนสังกัดองค์การบริหารส่วนจังหวัด
ปัจจัยความสำเร็จ

description: วารสารวิชาการและวิจัยสังคมศาสตร์, 11, 33, 43-58
แนวทางการดำเนินงานประกันคุณภาพภายในสถานศึกษาตามมาตรฐานของโรงเรียนต้นแบบ สังกัดสำนักงานเขตพื้นที่การศึกษาประถมศึกษานครสวรรค์ เขต 2
Creators: name: อนุศรา  พูลคุ้ม
Publisher: name: บัณฑิตวิทยาลัย มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏนครสวรรค์
Year: 2559
Subjects: การประกันคุณภาพภายใน
มาตรฐานโรงเรียนต้นแบบ
โรงเรียนต้นแบบ

description: วารสารวิชาการและวิจัยสังคมศาสตร์, 11, 33, 59-76
ผลการเรียนรู้ด้วยชุดฝึกอบรมแบบสร้างเสริมประสบการณ์การพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยบริบทท้องถิ่น สำหรับมัคคุเทศก์น้อย
Creators: name: หทัยวรรณ  จันทร์อยู่
Publisher: name: บัณฑิตวิทยาลัย มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏนครสวรรค์
Year: 2559
Subjects: ชุดฝึกอบรมแบบสร้างเสริมประสบการณ์
การพูดภาษาอังกฤษ

description: วารสารวิชาการและวิจัยสังคมศาสตร์, 11, 33, 77-92
Scattering Hypervolume of Fermions in Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Wang, Zipeng
name: Tan, Shina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define the three-body scattering hypervolume $D_F$ for identical spin-polarized fermions in two dimensions, by considering the wave function of three such fermions colliding at zero energy and zero orbital angular momentum. We derive the asymptotic expansions of such a wave function when three fermions are far apart or one pair and the third fermion are far apart, and $D_F$ appears in the coefficients of such expansions. For weak interaction potentials, we derive an approximate formula of $D_F$ by using the Born expansion. We then study the shift of energy of three such fermions in a large periodic area due to $D_F$. This shift is proportional to $D_F$ times the square of the area of the triangle formed by the momenta of the fermions. We also calculate the shifts of energy and of pressure of spin-polarized two-dimensional Fermi gases due to a nonzero $D_F$ and the three-body recombination rate of spin-polarized ultracold atomic Fermi gases in two dimensions.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2107.05309
Quantum State Preparation and Non-Unitary Evolution with Diagonal Operators
Creators: name: Schlimgen, Anthony W.
name: Head-Marsden, Kade
name: Sager-Smith, LeeAnn M.
name: Narang, Prineha
name: Mazziotti, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Realizing non-unitary transformations on unitary-gate based quantum devices is critically important for simulating a variety of physical problems including open quantum systems and subnormalized quantum states. We present a dilation based algorithm to simulate non-unitary operations using probabilistic quantum computing with only one ancilla qubit. We utilize the singular-value decomposition (SVD) to decompose any general quantum operator into a product of two unitary operators and a diagonal non-unitary operator, which we show can be implemented by a diagonal unitary operator in a 1-qubit dilated space. While dilation techniques increase the number of qubits in the calculation, and thus the gate complexity, our algorithm limits the operations required in the dilated space to a diagonal unitary operator, which has known circuit decompositions. We use this algorithm to prepare random sub-normalized two-level states on a quantum device with high fidelity. Furthermore, we present the accurate non-unitary dynamics of two-level open quantum systems in a dephasing channel and an amplitude damping channel computed on a quantum device. The algorithm presented will be most useful for implementing general non-unitary operations when the SVD can be readily computed, which is the case with most operators in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing era.
The efficient application of automatic differentiation for computing gradients in financial applications
Creators: name: Xu, Wei
name: Coleman, Thomas F.
name: Chen, Xi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Automatic differentiation (AD) is a practical field of computational mathematics that is of growing interest across many industries, including finance. The use of reverse mode AD is particularly interesting, since it allows for the computation of gradients in the same time required to evaluate the objective function itself. However, it requires excessive memory. This memory requirement can make reverse-mode AD infeasible in some cases (depending on the function complexity and available RAM) and slower than expected in others, due to the use of secondary memory and non-localized memory references. However, it turns out that many complex (expensive) functions in finance exhibit a natural substitution structure. In this paper, we illustrate this structure in computational finance as it arises in calibration and inverse problems, and determine Greeks in a Monte Carlo setting. In these cases, the required memory is a small fraction of that required by reverse-mode AD, but the computing time complexity is the same. In fact, our results indicate a significant realized speedup compared with straight reverse-mode AD.
Transition between radial and toroidal orders in a trimer-based magnetic metasurface
Creators: name: Tuz, Vladimir R.
name: Evlyukhin, Andrey B.
name: Fesenko, Volodymyr I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The change in the arrangement of magnetic dipole moments in a magnetic metasurface, due to the influence of an external static magnetic field, is discussed. Each meta-atom of the metasurface is composed of three identical disk-shaped resonators (trimer) made of magnetically saturated ferrite. To provide physical insight, full-wave numerical simulations of the near-fields and transmission characteristics of the metasurface are complemented by the theoretical description based on the multipole decomposition method. With these methods, the study of eigenmodes and scattering conditions of a single magnetic resonator, trimer, and their array forming the metasurface is performed. It is found that the magnetic dipole-based collective hybrid mode of the trimer can be gradually transformed from the radial (pseudomonopole) to azimuthal (toroidal) order and vice versa by varying the bias magnetic field strength. This is because the magnetic dipole moment of each individual disk constituting the trimer undergoes rotation as the bias magnetic field strength changes. This transition between two orders is accompanied by various patterns of localization of the electric field inside the meta-atoms. Due to the unique field configuration of these modes, the proposed metasurface can be considered for designing magnetic field sensors and nonreciprocal devices.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
แนวทางการนิเทศภายในของสถานศึกษาในอำเภอแม่เปินสังกัดสำนักงานเขตพื้นที่การศึกษาประถมศึกษานครสวรรค์ เขต 2
Creators: name: ณัทญาทิพย์ สหัสสรังสี
Publisher: name: บัณฑิตวิทยาลัย มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏนครสวรรค์
Year: 2559
Subjects: การนิเทศภายใน
ปัญหาการนิเทศภายใน
แนวทางการนิเทศภายใน
สถานศึกษาในอำเภอแม่เปิน

description: วารสารวิชาการและวิจัยสังคมศาสตร์, 11, 33, 93-108
GRB 201104A: A "Repetitive" Short Gamma-Ray Burst?
Creators: name: Wang, Yun
name: Jiang, Lu-Yao
name: Ren, Jia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are divided into short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) and long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) based on the bimodal distribution of their durations. LGRBs and SGRBs are typically characterized by different statistical characteristics. Nevertheless, there are some samples that challenge such a framework, such as GRB 060614, a long-duration burst with short-burst characteristics. Furthermore, GRBs are generally considered to be an event with no periodic or repetitive behavior, since the progenitors usually undergo destructive events, such as massive explosions or binary compact star mergers. In this work, we investigated Fermi data for possible quasiperiodic oscillations and repetitive behaviors of GRBs using timing analysis methods and report a special event GRB 201104A, which is a long-duration burst with the characteristics of an SGRB, and it exhibits a "repetitive" behavior. We propose that such a situation may arise from lensed SGRBs and attempt to verify it by Bayesian inference. In addition, we extend the spectral analysis to Bayesian inference. In spite of the existence of at least two distinct time periods with a nearly identical spectrum, there is no strong evidence that they result from a lensing GRB. Taking the gravitational-lensing scenario out of consideration, a long burst would resemble a short burst in its repetitive behavior, which presents a challenge for the current classification scheme.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables; Accepted for publication in ApJ
การพัฒนาความเข้าใจมโนมติวิทยาศาสตร์ เรื่อง กรดเบส ด้วยวัฏจักรการเรียนรู้แบบสืบเสาะ 5 ขั้น ผสมผสานกับเทคนิคการแข่งขันเกมแบบกลุ่ม สำหรับนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 5
Creators: name: ศิริธร  อ่างแก้ว
Publisher: name: บัณฑิตวิทยาลัย มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏนครสวรรค์
Year: 2559
Subjects: การเรียนรู้แบบสืบเสาะ
การแข่งขันเกมแบบกลุ่ม
มโนมติวิทยาศาสตร์, กรด-เบส

description: วารสารวิชาการและวิจัยสังคมศาสตร์, 11, 33, 109-124
Encyonopsis krammeri Reichardt
Creators: name: Kennedy, Bryan
name: Buckley, Yvonne
name: Allott, Norman
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ochrophyta
Bacillariophyceae
Cymbellales
Cymbellaceae
Encyonopsis
Encyonopsis krammeri

description: Encyonopsis krammeri Reichardt (Figs 417–480)
 Description: Two different forms with differing apices are documented here. Valves are moderately dorsiventral and narrow-lanceolate in outline in the most widespread form. Dorsal margin is more clearly curved relative to the weakly convex ventral side, without shoulders. Poles are rostrate and may be weakly deflected ventrally, but variable in populations. Axial area very narrow and central area absent to weakly developed. Length 9.6–23.5 μm; width 2.6–3.8 μm; maximum L:W ratio 7.0.A more clearly capitate form with a near lanceolate outline (Figs 461–472) was found with type material of E. alpina and also occurs in calcareous lakes in Ireland. It shares the same ultrastructural combination of features as E. krammeri, including identical raphe design, a characteristic thin plate-like silica thickening visible internally between the helictoglossa and apices (Fig. 442; 479–480) and transapically elongate linear shaped puncta. Striae density is higher (32–36 in 10 μm) in these populations than originally published for E. krammeri.
Ecology: A cosmopolitan and widespread diatom found in 31 lakes and reaching a maximum relative abundance of 43%. It occurs at higher densities in calcareous lakes in oligotrophic to mesotrophic conditions (Fig. 532).
description: Published as part of Kennedy, Bryan, Buckley, Yvonne & Allott, Norman, 2019, Taxonomy, ecology and analysis of type material of some small Encyonopsis with description of new species in Ireland, pp. 89-128 in Phytotaxa 395 (2) on pages 113-117, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.395.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/13716561
Asymptotic safety of gravity-matter systems
Creators: name: Meibohm, Jan
name: Pawlowski, Jan M.
name: Reichert, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ultraviolet stability of gravity-matter systems for general numbers of minimally coupled scalars and fermions. This is done within the functional renormalisation group setup put forward in \cite{Christiansen:2015rva} for pure gravity. It includes full dynamical propagators and a genuine dynamical Newton's coupling, which is extracted from the graviton three-point function. We find ultraviolet stability of general gravity-fermion systems. Gravity-scalar systems are also found to be ultraviolet stable within validity bounds for the chosen generic class of regulators, based on the size of the anomalous dimension. Remarkably, the ultraviolet fixed points for the dynamical couplings are found to be significantly different from those of their associated background counterparts, once matter fields are included. In summary, the asymptotic safety scenario does not put constraints on the matter content of the theory within the validity bounds for the chosen generic class of regulators.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures
Band lineup at hexagonal Si$_x$Ge$_{1-x}$/Si$_y$Ge$_{1-y}$ alloy interfaces
Creators: name: Belabbes, Abderrezak
name: Botti, Silvana
name: Bechstedt, Friedhelm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The natural and true band profiles at heterojunctions formed by hexagonal Si$_x$Ge$_{1-x}$ alloys are investigated by a variety of methods: density functional theory for atomic geometries, approximate quasiparticle treatments for electronic structures, different band edge alignment procedures, and construction of various hexagonal unit cells to model alloys and heterojunctions. We demonstrate that the natural band offsets are rather unaffected by the choice to align the vacuum level or the branch point energy, as well as by the use of a hybrid or the Tran-Blaha functional. At interfaces between Ge-rich alloys we observe a type-I heterocharacter with direct band gaps, while Si-rich junctions are type-I but with an indirect band gap. The true band lineups at pseudomorphically grown heterostructures are strongly influenced by the generated biaxial strain of opposite sign in the two adjacent alloys. Our calculations show that the type-I character of the interface is reduced by strain. To prepare alloy heterojunctions suitable for active optoelectronic applications, we discuss how to decrease the compressive biaxial strain at Ge-rich alloys.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures
Composite two-Higgs doublet model from dilaton effective field theory
Creators: name: Appelquist, Thomas
name: Ingoldby, James
name: Piai, Maurizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a composite two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM) within the context of dilaton effective field theory. This EFT describes the particle spectrum observed in lattice simulations of a near-conformal $SU(3)$ gauge field theory. A second Higgs doublet is naturally accommodated within the EFT, used previously to construct a one-Higgs-doublet model. We explore the interplay of phenomenological and EFT requirements, supplemented by information from numerical lattice studies of the $SU(3)$ gauge theory with eight fundamental (Dirac) fermions. We build a viable model with moderate parameter tuning. In the relevant portion of parameter space, we match the model to a conventional general description of 2HDMs, and comment on the role of custodial symmetry (breaking) in the scalar potential. Contributions to the precision electroweak parameter $T$ provide a possible explanation for the recent measurement of the W-boson mass by CDF II.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, references added
A continuum mechanics-based musculo-mechanical model for esophageal transport
Creators: name: Kahrilas, Peter J.
name: Griffith, Boyce E.
name: Kou, Wenjun
name: Pandolfino, John E.
name: Patankar, Neelesh A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: In this work, we extend our previous esophageal transport model using an immersed boundary (IB) method with discrete fiber-based structural model, to one using a continuum mechanics-based model that is approximated based on finite elements (IB-FE). To deal with the leakage of flow when the Lagrangian mesh becomes coarser than the fluid mesh, we employ adaptive interaction quadrature points to deal with Lagrangian-Eulerian interaction equations based on a previous work (Griffith and Luo [1]). In particular, we introduce a new anisotropic adaptive interaction quadrature rule. The new rule permits us to vary the interaction quadrature points not only at each time-step and element but also at different orientations per element. This helps to avoid the leakage issue without sacrificing the computational efficiency and accuracy in dealing with the interaction equations. For the material model, we extend our previous fiber-based model to a continuum-based model. We present formulations for general fiber-reinforced material models in the IB-FE framework. The new material model can handle non-linear elasticity and fiber-matrix interactions, and thus permits us to consider more realistic material behavior of biological tissues. To validate our method, we first study a case in which a three-dimensional short tube is dilated. Results on the pressure-displacement relationship and the stress distribution matches very well with those obtained from the implicit FE method. We remark that in our IB-FE case, the three-dimensional tube undergoes a very large deformation and the Lagrangian mesh-size becomes about 6 times of Eulerian mesh-size in the circumferential orientation. To validate the performance of the method in handling fiber-matrix material models, we perform a second study on dilating a long fiber-reinforced tube. Errors are small when we compare numerical solutions with analytical solutions. The technique is then applied to the problem of esophageal transport. We use two fiber-reinforced models for the esophageal tissue: a bi-linear model and an exponential model. We present three cases on esophageal transport that differ in the material model and the muscle fiber architecture. The overall transport features are consistent with those observed from the previous model. We remark that the continuum-based model can handle more realistic and complicated material behavior. This is demonstrated in our third case where a spatially varying fiber architecture is included based on experimental study. We find that this unique muscle fiber architecture could generate a so-called pressure transition zone, which is a luminal pressure pattern that is of clinical interest. This suggests an important role of muscle fiber architecture in esophageal transport.
COCONUT, a novel fast-converging MHD model for solar corona simulations: I. Benchmarking and optimization of polytropic solutions
Creators: name: Perri, Barbara
name: Leitner, Peter
name: Brchnelova, Michaela
name: Baratashvili, Tinatin
name: Kuzma, Blazej
name: Zhang, Fan
name: Lani, Andrea
name: Poedts, Stefaan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel global 3-D coronal MHD model called COCONUT, polytropic in its first stage and based on a time-implicit backward Euler scheme. Our model boosts run-time performance in comparison with contemporary MHD-solvers based on explicit schemes, which is particularly important when later employed in an operational setting for space weather forecasting. It is data-driven in the sense that we use synoptic maps as inner boundary input for our potential field initialization as well as an inner boundary condition in the further MHD time evolution. The coronal model is developed as part of the EUropean Heliospheric FORecasting Information Asset (EUHFORIA) and will replace the currently employed, more simplistic, empirical Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA) model. At 21.5 Rs where the solar wind is already supersonic, it is coupled to EUHFORIA's heliospheric model. We validate and benchmark our coronal simulation results with the explicit-scheme Wind-Predict model and find good agreement for idealized limit cases as well as real magnetograms, while obtaining a computational time reduction of up to a factor 3 for simple idealized cases, and up to 35 for realistic configurations, and we demonstrate that the time gained increases with the spatial resolution of the input synoptic map. We also use observations to constrain the model and show that it recovers relevant features such as the position and shape of the streamers (by comparison with eclipse white-light images), the coronal holes (by comparison with EUV images) and the current sheet (by comparison with WSA model at 0.1 AU).
description: 30 pages, 15 figures, accepted in the Astrophysical Journal (ApJ). B Perri and P Leitner contributed equally to this work
Mid-T Heat Treatments on BCPed Coaxial Cavities at TRIUMF
Creators: name: Kolb, Philipp
name: Yao, Zhongyuan
name: Blackburn, Arthur
name: Gregory, RuthAnn
name: Hedji, Daniel
name: McMullin, Mattias
name: Junginger, Tobias
name: Laxdal, Robert Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mid-T heat treatments in the range from 250 to 400 C on superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities have been shown to provide high quality factors that rise with applied rf field strength in high frequency, electro-polished (EP), elliptical cavities operating at 2K, similar to nitrogen doped cavities. The rise in quality factor is attributed to a decrease in the temperature dependent part of the surface resistance $R_{BCS}$. Until now, no results have been reported for these new treatments on quarter-wave resonators (QWR) and half-wave resonators (HWR). The TRIUMF multi-mode coaxial cavities are dedicated test cavities that allow frequency and temperature resolved performance characterization of treatments without changing environments, therefore providing an excellent test vehicle to test these new treatments with rf frequencies ranging from 200 to 1200 MHz. In this paper, performance measurements from both QWR and HWR cavities are reported and their performance compared with four different treatments: baseline, a conventional 120C low temperature bake for 48 hours, and two mid-T bakes at 300 and 400C for 3 hours. In addition, sample analysis using SEM, EDX and SIMS of witness samples is also shown. It is found that the mid-T bakes are not directly transferable to low frequency cavities. In the fundamental modes of the two test cavities, no performance gain over the baseline treatment nor a decreasing temperature dependent component with rising rf amplitude was observed. At frequencies above 1GHz and low temperatures, the mid-T bakes show a reduced field dependence of $R_{BCS}$ compared to both the baseline and 120C treatments.
Extending local features with contextual information in graph kernels
Creators: name: Navarin, Nicolò
name: Sperduti, Alessandro
name: Tesselli, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph kernels are usually defined in terms of simpler kernels over local substructures of the original graphs. Different kernels consider different types of substructures. However, in some cases they have similar predictive performances, probably because the substructures can be interpreted as approximations of the subgraphs they induce. In this paper, we propose to associate to each feature a piece of information about the context in which the feature appears in the graph. A substructure appearing in two different graphs will match only if it appears with the same context in both graphs. We propose a kernel based on this idea that considers trees as substructures, and where the contexts are features too. The kernel is inspired from the framework in [6], even if it is not part of it. We give an efficient algorithm for computing the kernel and show promising results on real-world graph classification datasets.
description: To appear in ICONIP 2015
Overweight and obesity among women living in peri-urban areas in West Africa
Creators: name: Malik, Koussoh Simone
name: Adoubi, Anicet
name: Kouadio, Kouamé
name: Kouamé, Jérôme
name: Hounsa, Annita
name: Sackou, Julie
Publisher: name: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH)
Year: 2019

description: Aim: This study assessed selected correlates of overweight and obesity among women in a sub-urban population of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during April-May, 2014 in Abobo-Anonkoi 3, a peri-urban city of Abidjan in Côte d’Ivoire. Women of 18 years and older healthy in appearance were randomly recruited from households. Overweight and obesity were measured by BMI respectively greater or equal to 25 and 30 kg/m2. Abdominal obesity was defined by waist to hip ratio greater or equal to 0.80. The level of physical activity was evaluated by the IPAQ questionnaire and the blood pressure according to the criteria of the JNC7 report. A regression analysis of the associated factors with overweight and obesity (age, marital status, level of study, level of physical activity, blood pressure, and socioeconomic status) was carried out. Results: We visited 486 households in which 398 women were approached and 327 agreed to participate in the survey. The average age was 35.25 ± 12.4 years. The prevalence of overweight was 27.2% and that of obesity was 19.6%; 72.2%of women had abdominal obesity. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 90.6% among obese people. Age (p=0.006), marital status (p=0.002) and blood pressure (p=0.004) were significantly associated with obesity. With regard to abdominal obesity, there was a significant association of educational level in addition to the above factors. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity are a reality in this population of Côte d’Ivoire and about one in five people are affected by the scourge of obesity.
description: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH), Volume XII, 2019
Numerical approach for unstructured quantum key distribution
Creators: name: Coles, Patrick J.
name: Metodiev, Eric M.
name: Lütkenhaus, Norbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows for communication with security guaranteed by quantum theory. The main theoretical problem in QKD is to calculate the secret key rate for a given protocol. Analytical formulas are known for protocols with symmetries, since symmetry simplifies the analysis. However, experimental imperfections break symmetries, hence the effect of imperfections on key rates is difficult to estimate. Furthermore, it is an interesting question whether (intentionally) asymmetric protocols could outperform symmetric ones. Here, we develop a robust numerical approach for calculating the key rate for arbitrary discrete-variable QKD protocols. Ultimately this will allow researchers to study "unstructured" protocols, that is, those that lack symmetry. Our approach relies on transforming the key rate calculation to the dual optimization problem, which dramatically reduces the number of parameters and hence the calculation time. We illustrate our method by investigating some unstructured protocols for which the key rate was previously unknown.
description: 11 + 12 pages, 6 figures, added framework for MDI QKD and decoy state QKD
Variational Inference for Nonlinear Inverse Problems via Neural Net Kernels: Comparison to Bayesian Neural Networks, Application to Topology Optimization
Creators: name: Keshavarzzadeh, Vahid
name: Kirby, Robert M.
name: Narayan, Akil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Inverse problems and, in particular, inferring unknown or latent parameters from data are ubiquitous in engineering simulations. A predominant viewpoint in identifying unknown parameters is Bayesian inference where both prior information about the parameters and the information from the observations via likelihood evaluations are incorporated into the inference process. In this paper, we adopt a similar viewpoint with a slightly different numerical procedure from standard inference approaches to provide insight about the localized behavior of unknown underlying parameters. We present a variational inference approach which mainly incorporates the observation data in a point-wise manner, i.e. we invert a limited number of observation data leveraging the gradient information of the forward map with respect to parameters, and find true individual samples of the latent parameters when the forward map is noise-free and one-to-one. For statistical calculations (as the ultimate goal in simulations), a large number of samples are generated from a trained neural network which serves as a transport map from the prior to posterior latent parameters. Our neural network machinery, developed as part of the inference framework and referred to as Neural Net Kernels (NNK), is based on hierarchical (deep) kernels which provide greater flexibility for training compared to standard neural networks. We showcase the effectiveness of our inference procedure in identifying bimodal and irregular distributions compared to a number of approaches including Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling approaches and a Bayesian neural network approach.
title: General Practitioners' Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Systems : Interview Study
Creators: name: Buck, Christoph
name: Doctor, Eileen
name: Hennrich, Jasmin
name: Jöhnk, Jan
name: Eymann, Torsten
Publisher: name: University of Bayreuth
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial intelligence
subject: AI
subject: attitude
subject: primary care
subject: general practitioner
subject: GP
subject: qualitative interview
subject: diagnosis
subject: clinical decision support system
subject: 004
subject: 330

description: Background: General practitioners (GPs) take care of a large number of patients with various diseases in very short timeframes under high uncertainty. Thus, systems enabled by artificial intelligence (AI) are promising and time-saving solutions that may increase the quality of care. Objective: This study seeks to understand GPs’ attitudes towards AI-enabled systems in medical diagnosis. Methods: We interviewed 18 GPs from Germany between March and May 2020 to identify determinants of GPs’ attitudes towards AI-based systems in diagnosis. By analyzing the interview transcripts, we identified 307 open codes, which we then further structured to derive relevant attitude determinants. Results: We merged the open codes into 21 concepts and finally into five categories: (1) concerns, (2) expectations, (3) environmental influences, (4) individual characteristics, and (5) minimum requirements of AI-enabled systems. Concerns include all doubts and fears of the interviewees regarding AI-enabled systems. Expectations reflect GPs’ thoughts and beliefs about expected benefits and limitations of AI-enabled systems in terms of GP care. Environmental influences include influences resulting from an evolving working environment, key stakeholders’ perspectives and opinions, the available IT hardware and software resources, and the media environment. Individual characteristics are determinants that describe a physician as a person, including character traits, demographic specifics, and knowledge. Besides, the interviews also revealed minimum requirements of AI-enabled systems, which are preconditions that must be met for GPs to contemplate using AI-enabled systems. Moreover, we identified relationships between these categories, which we conflate in our proposed model. Conclusions: This study provides a thorough understanding of the perspective of future users of AI-enabled systems in primary care and lays the foundation for successful market penetration. We contribute to the research stream of analyzing and designing socio-technical systems and the literature on attitude towards technology and practice by fostering the understanding of GPs and their attitude on AI-enabled systems. Our findings provide relevant information to technology developers and policymakers, and stakeholder institutions of GP care.
Charge-resolved entanglement in the presence of topological defects
Creators: name: Horvath, David X.
name: Fraenkel, Shachar
name: Scopa, Stefano
name: Rylands, Colin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological excitations or defects such as solitons are ubiquitous throughout physics, supporting numerous interesting phenomena like zero energy modes with exotic statistics and fractionalized charges. In this paper, we study such objects through the lens of symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy. Specifically, we compute the charge-resolved entanglement entropy for a single interval in the low-lying states of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model in the presence of topological defects. Using a combination of exact and asymptotic analytical techniques, backed up by numerical analysis, we find that, compared to the unresolved counterpart and to the pure system, a richer structure of entanglement emerges. This includes a redistribution between its configurational and fluctuational parts due to the presence of the defect and an interesting interplay with entanglement equipartition. In particular, in a subsystem that excludes the defect, equipartition is restricted to charge sectors of the same parity, while full equipartition is restored if the subsystem includes the defect, as long as the associated zero mode remains unoccupied. Additionally, by exciting zero modes in the presence of multiple defects, we observe a significant enhancement of entanglement in certain charge sectors, due to charge splitting on the defects. The two different scenarios featuring the breakdown of entanglement equipartition are underlied by a joint mechanism, which we unveil by relating them to degeneracies in the spectrum of the entanglement Hamiltonian. In addition, equipartition is shown to stem from an equidistant entanglement spectrum.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures and 4 appendices
Polarizability, plasmons, and screening in 1T${^\prime}$-MoS$_2$ with tilted Dirac bands
Creators: name: Balassis, Antonios
name: Gumbs, Godfrey
name: Roslyak, Oleksiy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the presence of an external vertical electric field and strain, it is evident that 1T${^\prime}$-MoS$_2$ exhibits tilted Dirac bands which are valley-spin-polarized. Additionally, this material experiences a topological phase change between a topological insulator and band insulator for a critical value of the electric field. Using linear response theory, we calculated the polarization function which is in turn employed to obtain the dielectric function. This latter quantity is subsequently utilized in calculations to determine the plasmons dispersion relation, their decay rate and impurity screening corresponding to various levels of doping, the critical applied vertical electric field strengths and the spin-orbit coupling gap in 1T${^\prime}$-MoS$_2$ with tilted Dirac bands.
South Eastern European Journal of Public Health: A new international online journal
Creators: name: Burazeri, Genc
name: Jankovic, Slavenka
name: Laaser, Ulrich
name: Martin-Moreno, Jose M.
Publisher: name: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH)
Year: 2015

description: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH), Volume I, 2014
Use of Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (SWI) in the Detection of Brain Hemorrhagic Metastases from Breast Cancer and Melanoma
Creators: name: Castillo, Mauricio
name: Franceschi, Ana Marija
name: Glaubiger, Samuel
name: Moschos, Stergios J.
name: Lee, Yueh Z.
name: Anders, Carey K.
name: Lee, Carrie B.
name: Collichio, Frances A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: SWI has significantly increased our sensitivity in detecting hemorrhagic brain lesions. We sought to explore the prevalence of intra-tumoral hemorrhage as detected by SWI in brain metastases from melanoma and breast cancer.
Neutron oscillation and Baryogenesis from six dimensions
Creators: name: Arun, Mathew Thomas
name: Choudhury, Debajyoti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Considering a six-dimensional geometry orbifolded on $S^1/Z_2\times S^1/Z_2$ with quarks and leptons localised on orthogonal branes, we show that the construction admits observable $n-\bar{n}$ oscillation while naturally suppressing the proton decay rates. Consistent with other low-energy observables, the model also accommodates baryogenesis at $\mathcal{O}$(10 TeV) scale.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure