cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Unveiling Giant Hidden Rashba Effects in Two-Dimensional Si$_2$Bi$_2$
Creators: name: Lee, Seungjun
name: Kwon, Young-Kyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, it has been known that the hidden Rashba (R-2) effect in two-dimensional materials gives rise to a novel physical phenomenon called spin-layer locking (SLL). However, not only has its underlying fundamental mechanism been unclear, but also there are only a few materials exhibiting weak SLL. Here, through the first-principles density functional theory and model Hamiltonian calculation, we reveal that the R-2 SLL can be determined by the competition between the sublayer-sublayer interaction and the spin-orbit coupling (SOC), which is related to the Rashba strength. In addition, the orbital angular momentum distribution is another crucial point to realize the strong R-2 SLL. We propose that a novel 2D material Si$_2$Bi$_2$ possesses an ideal condition for the strong R-2 SLL, whose Rashba strength is evaluated to be 2.16 eVÅ, which is the greatest value ever observed in 2D R-2 materials to the best of our knowledge. Furthermore, we reveal that the interlayer interaction in a bilayer structure ensures R-2 states spatially farther apart, implying a potential application in spintronics.
description: Main manuscript: 18 pages, 4 figures Supplementary Information: 12 pages, 8 figures
Gapped optical excitations from gapless phases: imperfect nesting in unconventional density waves
Creators: name: Dóra, Balázs
name: Ványolos, András
name: Maki, Kazumi
name: Virosztek, Attila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the effect of imperfect nesting in quasi-one-dimensional unconventional density waves in the case, when the imperfect nesting and the gap depends on the same wavevector component. The phase diagram is very similar to that in a conventional density wave. The density of states is highly asymmetric with respect to the Fermi energy. The optical conductivity at T=0 remains unchanged for small deviations from perfect nesting. For higher imperfect nesting parameter, an optical gap opens, and considerable amount of spectral weight is transferred to higher frequencies. This makes the optical response of our system very similar to that of a conventional density wave. Qualitatively similar results are expected in d-density waves.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Determinants of Poverty among U.S. Farm Households
Creators: name: El-Osta, Hisham S.
name: Morehart, Mitchell J.
name: El-Osta, Hisham S.
name: Morehart, Mitchell J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: composite measure of economic well-being
subject: government programs
subject: off-farm work
subject: poverty

description: This research uses data from the 2004 Agricultural Resource Management Survey and probit regression to examine the determinants of poverty among U.S. farm households. The findings reveal, among others, the importance of a livelihood strategy that combines participation in government programs and off-farm work in lowering poverty rates. Findings also show the importance of educational attainment of the farm operator in mitigating poverty, but only when poverty is measured on a relative rather than an absolute basis. Policy recommendations are provided in the context of these findings.
Myrmarachne imbellis
Creators: name: Benjamin, Suresh P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Myrmarachne
Myrmarachne imbellis

description: Myrmarachne imbellis (Peckham and Peckham, 1892)
(Figures 8A–F, 9A–D, 10A–C, 11A–C, 12A–F)   Salticus imbellis Peckham and Peckham, 1892: 36.    Type material
 Syntypes of Salticus imbellis from Sri Lanka, one male and one juvenile, GW and EG Peckham collection, MCZ-21602, examined.    Diagnosis
 Very similar to M. dishani sp. n.; however, males are separated by the broad-based RTA with a stout tip (Figures 10A–C, 12A–C). Females are separated by the rounded CO and relatively longer S (Figure 11A–C). Separated from M. dishani sp. n. by the presence of bands fringed with white hairs present in the chelicerae and prosoma of males (Figure 9A–D).    Description
Male from Horton plains NP: total length: 6.8; prosoma length: 4.0, width: 1.4. Leg I: femur 1.2, patella 0.6, tibia 1.2, metatarsus 0.8, tarsus 0.4. Prosoma oval, almost as much as 2× longer than wide. The cephalic half is only slightly elevated from the thoracic half, lateral sides parallel. Opisthosoma cylindrical, almost as much as 2× longer than wide, uniformly dark brown (Figure 8A–D). Preserved specimens are yellowish with darker lateral sides (Figure 8A–D). All legs are brownish with dark rings, yellowish in preserved specimens. All eyes surrounded by dark rings. Chelicerae long but shorter than carapace with slightly convex inner and outer sides (Figure 8A–D). The dorsal surface is broader than the ventral surface. Leg formula 4132. Leg spination not examined. Palps as in Figure 10A–C. Female from Horton plains NP: total length: 5.6; prosoma length: 2.8, width: 1.2. Leg 1: femur 1.2, patella 0.6, tibia 1.2, metatarsus 0.8 tarsus 0.4. Morphology as above. Leg formula 4132. Leg spination not examined. Epigynum and vulva as in Figure 11A–C. CO rounded and S relatively longer (Figure 11A–C).   Distribution
Known only from Sri Lanka.   Other material examined
Sri Lanka, Central province, 1 male, Kandaela Reservoir, 5.6 mi SW of Nuwara Eliya, 1889 m, 10–21 February 1970, Davis & Rowe, USNM. 1 male, Horton plains NP, Worlds-end, 2072 m, 21 February 1970, Davis & Rowe, USNM. 1 female, Nuwara Eliaya District, Path to Pitdurutalagalla, in light jungle, 17 November 1972 – 18 January 1973, P. Lehtinen, A. Withanage, & N. Wickremasinghe, MZT. 2 males, Horton Plains NP, 9 March 2000, SP. Benjamin, MHNG. 2 males 1 female, Nuwara Eliaya District, Horton Plains NP, 20–21 February 2007, SP. Benjamin and Z. Jaleel, MHNG.
description: Published as part of Benjamin, Suresh P., 2015, Model mimics: antlike jumping spiders of the genus Myrmarachne from Sri Lanka, pp. 2609-2666 in Journal of Natural History 49 (43) on pages 2623-2625, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1034209, http://zenodo.org/record/4000863
Ab-inito study on different phases of ferromagnetic CeMnNi4
Creators: name: Murugan, P.
name: Singh, Abhishek Kumar
name: Das, G. P.
name: Kawazoe, Yoshiyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using first-principles density functional calculations, we study the possible phases of CeMnNi$_{4}$ and show that the ground state is ferromagnetic. We observed the hexagonal phase to be lowest in energy whereas experimentally observed cubic phase lies slightly higher in energy. We optimized the structure in both phases and in all different magnetic states to explore the possibility of the structural and magnetic phase transitions at ground state. We do not find any phase transitions between the magnetic and non-magnetic phases. The calculated structural, magnetic properties of cubic phase are in excellent agreement with experiments. Further, we do not observe half metallic behavior in any of the phases. However, the cubic phase does have fewer density of states for down-spin component giving a possibility of forming half metallic phase artificially, introducing vacancies, and disorder in lattice.
Distance-depending transcriptome changes of pancreatic stellate cells in paracrine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma co-culture models
Creators: name: Zourelidis, Anaïs Aurelia
name: Trojanowicz, Bogusz
name: Sunami, Yoshiaki
name: Hause, Gerd
name: Vieweg, David
name: Kleeff, Jörg H.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) are one source of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and play, therefore, an essential role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Paracrine signalling between PDA cells and CAF has been widely studied, yet external influences on paracrine crosstalk are poorly understood. This study aimed to gain a deeper insight into the communication of PSC and cancer cells under different co-culture conditions via analysis of PSC gene expression profiles. Two contactless co-culture models with tumor cells from the p48-Cre; lox-stop-lox-KrasG12D/+; lox-stop-lox-Trp53R172H/+ mouse model (KPC) and murine PSC separated through a microporous membrane and grown in different compartments (standard co-culture) or on different sides of the same membrane (inverse co-culture), were established. RNA-Sequencing analysis of PSC mRNA was performed 24 h and 72 h after co-culture with KPC cells. For selected genes, results were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Standard co-culture displayed 19 differentially expressed genes (DEG) at 24 h and 52 DEG at 72 h. In inverse co-culture, 800 DEG at 24 h and 2213 DEG at 72 h were enriched. PSC showed great heterogeneity in their gene expression profiles; however, mutually regulated genes of both co-cultures, such as VCAN and CHST11, could be identified. VCAN-protein–protein interaction-network analysis revealed several shared genes between co-culture models, such as SDC4 and FN1. In conclusion, PSC show a varying susceptibility to cancer cell signals depending on the co-culture method, with intensified transcriptome changes with closer proximity.
The nature of gravitational singularities
Creators: name: Garfinkle, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of gravitational singularities, long mysterious, has now become clear through a combination of mathematical and numerical analysis. As the singularity is approached, the time derivative terms in the field equations dominate, and the singularity behaves locally like a homogeneous oscillatory spacetime.
description: received "honorable mention" in Gravity Research Foundation essay contest
Akt og Dom i Sagen mod Lisbeth Nypan og hendes Mand Ole Olsøn Nypan angaande Hexeri og Trolldom 1670
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: Nypan, Lisbet

description: "Sorenskriver Willem Knudsens og 12 Laugrettemænds Hjemtings-Act og Dom ... med Laugmand Hans Mortensson Weslings paategnede Confirmation".
description: Vedlegg: To kopier + fragmenter (se notat vedlagt).
description: Trykt i 1881: Akt og Dom i Sagen mod Lisbeth Nypan og hendes Mand Ole Olsøn Nypan angaande Hexeri og Trolldom 1670 : Paa ny udi Trykken befordret. Etterord av Lorents Ewensen, 1784.
A micromirror array with annular partitioning for high-speed random-access axial focusing
Creators: name: Ersumo, Nathan Tessema
name: Yalcin, Cem
name: Antipa, Nick
name: Pegard, Nicolas
name: Waller, Laura
name: Lopez, Daniel
name: Muller, Rikky
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamic axial focusing functionality has recently experienced widespread incorporation in microscopy, augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR), adaptive optics, and material processing. However, the limitations of existing varifocal tools continue to beset the performance capabilities and operating overhead of the optical systems that mobilize such functionality. The varifocal tools that are the least burdensome to drive (ex: liquid crystal, elastomeric or optofluidic lenses) suffer from low (~ 100 Hz) refresh rates. Conversely, the fastest devices sacrifice either critical capabilities such as their dwelling capacity (ex: acoustic gradient lenses or monolithic micromechanical mirrors) or low operating overhead (e.g., deformable mirrors). Here, we present a general-purpose random-access axial focusing device that bridges these previously conflicting features of high speed, dwelling capacity and lightweight drive by employing low-rigidity micromirrors that exploit the robustness of defocusing phase profiles. Geometrically, the device consists of an 8.2 mm diameter array of piston-motion and 48 um-pitch micromirror pixels that provide 2pi phase shifting for wavelengths shorter than 1 100 nm with 10-90 % settling in 64.8 us (i.e., 15.44 kHz refresh rate). The pixels are electrically partitioned into 32 rings for a driving scheme that enables phase-wrapped operation with circular symmetry and requires less than 30 V per channel. Optical experiments demonstrated the array's wide focusing range with a measured ability to target 29 distinct, resolvable depth planes. Overall, the features of the proposed array offer the potential for compact, straightforward methods of tackling bottlenecked applications including high-throughput single-cell targeting in neurobiology and the delivery of dense 3D visual information in AR/VR.
description: 38 pages, 8 figures
Kerker Effect, Superscattering, and Scattering Dark State in Atomic Antennas
Creators: name: Alaee, Rasoul
name: Safari, Akbar
name: Sandoghdar, Vahid
name: Boyd, Robert W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study scattering phenomena such as the Kerker effect, superscattering, and scattering dark states in a subwavelength atomic antenna consisting of atoms with only electric dipole transitions. We show that an atomic antenna can exhibit arbitrarily large or small scattering cross sections depending on the geometry of the structure and the direction of the impinging light. We also demonstrate that atoms with only an electric dipole transition can exhibit a directional radiation pattern with zero backscattering when placed in a certain configuration. This is a special case of a phenomenon known as the Kerker effect, which typically occurs in the presence of both electric and magnetic transitions. Our findings open a pathway to design highly directional emitters, nonradiating sources, and highly scattering objects based on individually controlled atoms.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures
EYM equations in the presence of q-stars is scalar-tensor gravitational theories
Creators: name: Prikas, Athanasios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Einstein-Yang-Mills equations in the presence of a gravitating non-topological soliton field configuration consisted of a Higgs doublet, in Brans-Dicke and general scalar-tensor gravitational theories. The results of General Relativity are reproduced in the $ω_{\textrm{BD}},ω_0\to\infty$ limit. The numerical solutions correspond to a soliton star with a non-abelian gauge field. We study the effects of the coupling constant, the frequency of the Higgs field and the Brans-Dicke field on the soliton parameters
description: 17 pages, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Topological critical states and anomalous electronic transmittance in one dimensional quasicrystals
Creators: name: Jeon, Junmo
name: Lee, SungBin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to the absence of periodic length scale, electronic states and their topological properties in quasicrystals have been barely understood. Here, we focus on one dimensional quasicrystal and reveal that their electronic critical states are topologically robust. Based on tiling space cohomology, we exemplify the case of one dimensional aperiodic tilings especially Fibonacci quasicrystal and prove the existence of topological critical states at zero energy. Furthermore, we also show exotic electronic transmittance behavior near such topological critical states. Within the perturbative regime, we discuss lack of translational symmetries and presence of topological critical states lead to unconventional scaling behavior in transmittance. Considering both analytic analysis and numerics, electronic transmittance is computed in cases where the system is placed in air or is connected by semi-infinite periodic leads. Finally, we also discuss generalization of our analysis to other quasicrystals. Our findings open a new class of topological quantum states which solely exist in quasicrystals due to exotic tiling patterns in the absence of periodic length scale, and their anomalous electronic transport properties applicable to many experiments.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures
Additional file 9 of Complicated hospitalization due to influenza: results from the Global Hospital Influenza Network for the 2017–2018 season
Creators: name: Lina, Bruno
name: Georges, Alexandre
name: Burtseva, Elena
name: Nunes, Marta C.
name: Andrew, Melissa K.
name: McNeil, Shelly A.
name: Ruiz-Palacios, Guillermo M.
name: Luzhao Feng
name: Kyncl, Jan
name: Vanhems, Philippe
name: Ortiz, Justin R.
name: Paget, John
name: Reiner, Robert C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 9: Supplemental Figure 3. Proportion of influenza-positive patients admitted to an ICU, requiring mechanical ventilation, or that died while hospitalized by age group.
Norsk Familie- og Waaben-Samling / [samlet og supplert av Christopher Hammer]
Creators: name: Hammer, Christopher
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1593
Subjects: Sand, slekten
Hammer, slekten
Wincke, slekten
Blix, slekten
Coldevin, slekten
Stranger, slekten

description: 2 b. (79 dok. + bilag)
description: Særlig om Christopher Hammers slekt: Sand (Hurum), Hammer (Gudbrandsdalen/Gran), Coldevin, og Blix (Fredrikstad/Halden), med materiale om bl.a. Stranger, Wincke, og Hammer (Hedmark). Hammer har benyttet materialet ved utarbeidelsen av manuskriptet Den Granske Præstehistorie tillige med Stam-Tavle over adskillige Norske Familier (1772).
Percolative phase transition on ferromagnetic insulator manganites: uncorrelated to correlated polaron clusters
Creators: name: Lopes, A. M. L.
name: Araujo, J. P.
name: Ramasco, J. J.
name: Rita, E.
name: Amaral, V. S.
name: Correia, J. G.
name: Suryanarayanan, R.
name: Collaboration, the ISOLDE
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we report an atomic scale study on the ferromagnetic insulator manganite LaMnO$_{3.12}$ using $γ-γ$ PAC spectroscopy. Data analysis reveals a nanoscopic transition from an undistorted to a Jahn-Teller-distorted local environment upon cooling. The percolation thresholds of the two local environments enclose a macroscopic structural transition (Rhombohedric-Orthorhombic). Two distinct regimes of JT-distortions were found: a high temperature regime where uncorrelated polaron clusters with severe distortions of the Mn$^{3+}$O$_{6}$ octahedra survive up to $T \approx 800 K$ and a low temperature regime where correlated regions have a weaker JT-distorted symmetry.
description: 4 pages, 4 Figures, submitted to PRL, new version with more data, text reformulated
Myrmarachne morningside Benjamin 2015, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Benjamin, Suresh P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Myrmarachne
Myrmarachne morningside

description: Myrmarachne morningside sp. nov.
(Figures 20A–D, 21A–D, 22A–D)   Type material
 Holotype. male from Sri Lanka, Sabaragamuuwa Province, Ratnapura District, Eastern Sinharaja, Morningside section, 23 February 2007, SP. Benjamin and Z. Jaleel, MHNG.    Paratype
Male from Sri Lanka, same data as holotype.   Etymology
The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.   Diagnosis
 Very similar in outward appearance to M. spissa. Separated from it by the diskshaped tegulum and shiny appearance, mostly of the dorsal parts of the prosoma. In addition M. spissa has a pair of long whitish setae at about the centre of its prosoma, which are absent in M. morningside. Very similar in size, habitat preference and genital morphology to M. paludosa comb. nov. and M. aurantiaca sp. nov. M. paludosa comb. nov. has an upward pointing, tapering RTA and M. aurantiaca sp. nov. has an RTA with a curved base. It is predicted that females of this species would have an elongated S similar to other endemic Myrmarachne of the island.    Description
Male holotype from Morningside: total length: 5.6; prosoma length: 3.5, width: 1.0. Leg I: femur 1.1, patella 0.4, tibia 1.1, metatarsus 1.0, tarsus 0.4. Prosoma oval, 1.5× long than wide. Opisthosoma oval, 2× longer than wide, constricted at the centre of the anterior half. Uniformly black in colour, legs a lighter yellow-brown. Prosoma and opisthosoma are both covered with fine whitish hairs. Chelicerae, somewhat longer than carapace, anteriorly bulb-like, tapering towards the base, dentition not examined. Leg formula 4132. Leg spination not examined. Male palps as in Figures 21C, D, 22A–D. Female unknown.   Distribution
Endemic to Sri Lanka.   Natural history
 Collected together with ants of the genus Camponotus – probably the same species collected with M. paludosa comb. nov. However, it is not the Camponotus species found with M. prava.    Other material examined
Sri Lanka, Sabaragamuwa province, 1 male, Ratnapura District, Gilimale Forest Reserve, 23 February 2007, SP. Benjamin and Z. Jaleel, MHNG.
description: Published as part of Benjamin, Suresh P., 2015, Model mimics: antlike jumping spiders of the genus Myrmarachne from Sri Lanka, pp. 2609-2666 in Journal of Natural History 49 (43) on pages 2628-2629, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1034209, http://zenodo.org/record/4000863
Does the Food Stamp Program Affect Food Security Status and the Composition of Food Expenditures?
Creators: name: Pan, Suwen
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Pan, Suwen
name: Jensen, Helen H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: food away from home
subject: food insecurity
subject: food stamps

description: This article considers interaction among participation in the Food Stamp Program (FSP), food security status, and the composition of food expenditures. A quadratic almost ideal demand system with a bootstrapping two-step method of estimation is applied to data from the Current Population Survey–Food Security Supplement data and used to estimate the model and account for endogeneity between the FSP participation and food insecurity. The results show that FSP participation is endogenously related with food security status and significantly affects total food expenditure and food-away-from-home expenditures.
Asymmetric skyrmion-antiskyrmion production in ultrathin ferromagnetic films
Creators: name: Ritzmann, Ulrike
name: Desplat, Louise
name: Dupé, Bertrand
name: Camley, Robert E.
name: Kim, Joo-Von
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrathin ferromagnets with frustrated exchange and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction can support topological solitons such as skyrmions and antiskyrmions, which are metastable and can be considered particle-antiparticle counterparts. When spin-orbit torques are applied, the motion of an isolated antiskyrmion driven beyond its Walker limit can generate skyrmion-antiskyrmion pairs. Here, we use atomistic spin dynamics simulations to shed light on the scattering processes involved in this pair generation. Under certain conditions a proliferation of these particles and antiparticles can appear with a growth rate and production asymmetry that depend on the strength of the chiral interactions and the dissipative component of the spin-orbit torques. These features are largely determined by scattering processes between antiskyrmions, which can be elastic or result in bound states or annihilation.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Economic Determinants of Invasion and Discovery of Nonindigenous Insects
Creators: name: Hlasny, Vladimir
name: Livingston, Michael J.
name: Hlasny, Vladimir
name: Livingston, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: identifications
subject: insects
subject: introductions
subject: invasive species
subject: nonindegenous

description: Introductions of nonindigenous organisms into the United States have been linked to international trade. The individual contributions of imports, immigration, and international travel, however, are poorly understood because introduction dates are unavailable. We examine relationships between economic trends and discoveries of nonindegenous insects and use these relationships to infer the timing and determinants of introductions. We find that a few variables can explain much variation in species introductions and identifications. The most significant contributor to the introduction appears to be agricultural imports. Currently available proxies for academic effort are weak determinants of the probability that introduced species are identified.
Myrmarachne melanocephala MacLeay 1839
Creators: name: Benjamin, Suresh P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Myrmarachne
Myrmarachne melanocephala

description: Myrmarachne melanocephala MacLeay, 1839
(Figures 17A–D, 18A–D, 19A–D)   Myrmarachne orientales Tikader, 1973: 60–62, figures 3–6. New synonymy.    Synonymy
 M. orientales is well illustrated and is here compared with the neotype of M. melanocephala. I can find no characters that would suggest that the specimens
 from India illustrated by Tikader (1973) constitute a species different from M. melanocephala.    Diagnosis
 Separated from other Sri Lankan Myrmarachne species by the dorsally flattened chelicerae, elongated prosoma with a constriction at the 50% point, anterior half rectangular and black in colour, posterior half oval and red/brown in colour. Opisthosoma elongated with a constriction at the posterior 25% margin, anterior 25% brown/black, posterior 75% black (Figure 17A – D). Further, the flattened hookshaped RTA and the elongated petioles are diagnostic (Figures 17A – D, 19A – D). Similar to M. prava. However, can be easily separated from M. prava by the overall black colour of the male, very much shorter pedicel, slanted dorsal surface of the chelicerae, oval opisthosoma, and by the tapering, straight RTA in M. prava.    Description
See Edwards and Benjamin (2009).   Natural history
 Edwards and Benjamin (2009) and Tikader (1973) report that this species mimics the ant Tetraponera allaborans (Walker, 1859).    Distribution
Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan to Indonesia (Edwards and Benjamin 2009).   Material examined
See Edwards and Benjamin (2009).
description: Published as part of Benjamin, Suresh P., 2015, Model mimics: antlike jumping spiders of the genus Myrmarachne from Sri Lanka, pp. 2609-2666 in Journal of Natural History 49 (43) on pages 2625-2628, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1034209, http://zenodo.org/record/4000863
Proton transfer kinetics in histidine side chains determined by pH-dependent multi-nuclear NMR relaxation
Creators: name: Raum, Heiner N.
name: Modig, Kristofer
name: Akke, Mikael
name: Weininger, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 530

description: Histidine is a key amino-acid residue in proteins with unique properties engendered by its imidazole side chain that can exist in three different states: two different neutral tautomeric forms and a protonated, positively charged one with a pKa value close to physiological pH. Commonly, two or all three states coexist and interchange rapidly, enabling histidine to act as both donor and acceptor of hydrogen bonds, coordinate metal ions, and engage in acid/base catalysis. Understanding the exchange dynamics among the three states is critical for assessing histidine’s mechanistic role in catalysis, where the rate of proton exchange and interconversion among tautomers might be rate limiting for turnover. Here, we determine the exchange kinetics of histidine residues with pKa values representative of the accessible range from 5 to 9 by measuring pH-dependent 15N, 13C, and 1H transverse relaxation rate constants for 5 nuclei in each imidazole. Proton exchange between the imidazole and the solvent is mediated by hydronium ions at acidic and neutral pH, whereas hydroxide mediated exchange becomes the dominant mechanism at basic pH. Proton transfer is very fast and reaches the diffusion limit for pKa values near neutral pH. We identify a direct pathway between the two tautomeric forms, likely mediated by a bridging water molecule or, in the case of high pH, hydroxide ion. For histidines with pKa 7, we determine all rate constants (lifetimes) involving protonation over the entire pH range. Our approach should enable critical insights into enzymatic acid/base catalyzed reactions involving histidines in proteins.
Vortex stretching and enstrophy production in high Reynolds number turbulence
Creators: name: Buaria, Dhawal
name: Bodenschatz, Eberhard
name: Pumir, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An essential ingredient of turbulent flows is the vortex stretching mechanism, which emanates from the non-linear interaction of vorticity and strain-rate tensor and leads to formation of extreme events. We analyze the statistical correlations between vorticity and strain rate by using a massive database generated from very well resolved direct numerical simulations of forced isotropic turbulence in periodic domains. The grid resolution is up to $12288^3$, and the Taylor-scale Reynolds number is in the range $140-1300$. In order to understand the formation and structure of extreme vorticity fluctuations, we obtain statistics conditioned on enstrophy (vorticity-squared). The magnitude of strain, as well as its eigenvalues, is approximately constant when conditioned on weak enstrophy; whereas they grow approximately as power laws for strong enstrophy, which become steeper with increasing $R_λ$. We find that the well-known preferential alignment between vorticity and the intermediate eigenvector of strain tensor is even stronger for large enstrophy, whereas vorticity shows a tendency to be weakly orthogonal to the most extensive eigenvector (for large enstrophy). Yet the dominant contribution to the production of large enstrophy events arises from the most extensive eigendirection, the more so as $R_λ$ increases. Nevertheless, the stretching in intense vorticity regions is significantly depleted, consistent with the kinematic properties of weakly-curved tubes in which they are organized. Further analysis reveals that intense enstrophy is primarily depleted via viscous diffusion, though viscous dissipation is also significant. Implications for modeling are nominally addressed as appropriate.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
Verbal source code descriptor
Creators: name: Tehrani, Sima Soudian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Program comprehension and understanding is a demanding cognitive task in software maintenance. Program understanding involves the construction of a mental model of the software. Researchers introduced various cognitive models for program understanding, such as the top-down model [8], bottom-up model [7], the knowledge-based model [9], the systematic and as-needed program understanding model [11], and the integrated program understanding meta-model [12]. Many tools have been developed to assist program comprehension based on aspects of the above models. These tools basically create visual high-level information about the software under investigation, particularly at the structure and design level, and are designed to form the mental models of the software in hand. This research presents a new approach to program comprehension with the goal of reducing the cost of existing tools and overcoming some of their limitations, such as language dependency, and the insufficiency of providing information for complete program understanding. Program understanding information basically exists at the time of programming, and can be captured with less cost and effort; however some problems, such as mental loading problem, prevent programmers from providing such information in the form of written documentation. I have developed a verbal documentation strategy to reduce the overhead of typing at the time of programming. The hypothesis is that we can capture more useful understanding information from the programmer using this strategy. . The Verbal Source Code Descriptor (VSCD) System is introduced as a tool to help programmers document their source code verbally, while writing the code. A preliminary evaluation with 12 programmers was carried out to evaluate the feasibility and ease of using the VSCD System. This is compared with more conventional implementation documenting techniques, which is still in the form of putting comments inside the source code. The results indicate the VSCD system may be useful and efficient in generating comments. Future studies must verify the quality of VSCD comments and investigate the efficiencies of using this strategy to make program comprehension more flexible and faster. These studies may combine the VSCD strategy with existing methods to investigate the effects of this approach.
First in-situ detection of the CN radical in comets and evidence for a distributed source
Creators: name: Hänni, Nora
name: Altwegg, Kathrin
name: Pestoni, Boris
name: Rubin, Martin
name: Schroeder, Isaac
name: Schuhmann, Markus
name: Wampfler, Susanne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although the debate regarding the origin of the cyano (CN) radical in comets has been ongoing for many decades, it has yielded no definitive answer to date. CN could previously only be studied remotely, strongly hampering efforts to constrain its origin because of very limited spatial information. Thanks to the European Space Agency's Rosetta spacecraft, which orbited comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko for two years, we can investigate, for the first time, CN around a comet at high spatial and temporal resolution. On board Rosetta's orbiter module, the high-resolution double-focusing mass spectrometer DFMS, part of the ROSINA instrument suite, analyzed the neutral volatiles (including HCN and the CN radical) in the inner coma of the comet throughout that whole two-year phase and at variable cometocentric distances. From a thorough analysis of the full-mission data, the abundance of CN radicals in the cometary coma has been derived. Data from a close flyby event in February 2015 indicate a distributed origin for the CN radical in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Charm meson resonances in $D \to P \ell ν$ decays
Creators: name: Fajfer, S.
name: Kamenik, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent experimental results we reconsider semileptonic $D \to P \ell ν_{\ell} $ decays within a model which combines heavy quark symmetry and properties of the chiral Lagrangian. We include excited charm meson states, some of them recently observed, in our Lagrangian and determine their impact on the charm meson semileptonic form factors. We find that the inclusion of excited charm meson states in the model leads to a rather good agreement with the experimental results on the $q^2$ shape of the $F_+(q^2)$ form factor. We also calculate branching ratios for all $D \to P \ell ν_{\ell} $ decays.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures; minor corrections, added some discussion, version as published
Modelling a bright z = 6 galaxy at the faint end of the AGN luminosity function
Creators: name: Trebitsch, Maxime
name: Volonteri, Marta
name: Dubois, Yohan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent deep surveys have unravelled a population of faint active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the high redshift Universe, leading to various discussions on their nature and their role during the Epoch of Reionization. We use cosmological radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of a bright galaxy at z = 6 ($M_\star \gtrsim 10^{10} M_\odot$) hosting an actively growing super-massive black hole to study the properties of these objects. In particular, we study how the black hole and the galaxy co-evolve and what is the relative contribution of the AGN and of the stellar populations to the luminosity budget of the system. We find that the feedback from the AGN has no strong effect on the properties of the galaxy, and does not increase the total ionizing luminosity of the host. The average escape fraction of our galaxy is around $f_{\rm esc} \sim 5\%$. While our galaxy would be selected as an AGN in deep X-ray surveys, most of the UV luminosity is originating from stellar populations. This confirms that there is a transition in the galaxy population from star forming galaxies to quasar hosts, with bright Lyman-Break Galaxies (LBGs) with $M_{\rm UV}$ around -22 falling in the overlap region. Our results also suggest that faint AGN do not contribute significantly to reionizing the Universe.
description: 10+1 pages, 10+1 figures. Accepted for publications in MNRAS. Key figures: 5 and 10
Additional file 7 of Complicated hospitalization due to influenza: results from the Global Hospital Influenza Network for the 2017–2018 season
Creators: name: Lina, Bruno
name: Georges, Alexandre
name: Burtseva, Elena
name: Nunes, Marta C.
name: Andrew, Melissa K.
name: McNeil, Shelly A.
name: Ruiz-Palacios, Guillermo M.
name: Luzhao Feng
name: Kyncl, Jan
name: Vanhems, Philippe
name: Ortiz, Justin R.
name: Paget, John
name: Reiner, Robert C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 7: Supplemental Figure 1. Influenza strain circulation by year-week for individual sites within the East Europe influenza transmission zone.
Active Intent Disambiguation for Shared Control Robots
Creators: name: Gopinath, Deepak E.
name: Argall, Brenna D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Assistive shared-control robots have the potential to transform the lives of millions of people afflicted with severe motor impairments. The usefulness of shared-control robots typically relies on the underlying autonomy's ability to infer the user's needs and intentions, and the ability to do so unambiguously is often a limiting factor for providing appropriate assistance confidently and accurately. The contributions of this paper are four-fold. First, we introduce the idea of intent disambiguation via control mode selection, and present a mathematical formalism for the same. Second, we develop a control mode selection algorithm which selects the control mode in which the user-initiated motion helps the autonomy to maximally disambiguate user intent. Third, we present a pilot study with eight subjects to evaluate the efficacy of the disambiguation algorithm. Our results suggest that the disambiguation system (a) helps to significantly reduce task effort, as measured by number of button presses, and (b) is of greater utility for more limited control interfaces and more complex tasks. We also observe that (c) subjects demonstrated a wide range of disambiguation request behaviors, with the common thread of concentrating requests early in the execution. As our last contribution, we introduce a novel field-theoretic approach to intent inference inspired by dynamic field theory that works in tandem with the disambiguation scheme.
Tobacco Farmer Interest and Success in Income Diversification
Creators: name: Beach, Robert H.
name: Jones, Alison Snow
name: Tooze, Janet A.
name: Beach, Robert H.
name: Jones, Alison Snow
name: Tooze, Janet A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Financial Economics
subject: diversification
subject: farm programs
subject: farmer survey
subject: quota buyout
subject: tobacco

description: As farm income from tobacco production has declined in recent years, there has been increasing interest in identifying alternative sources of income for tobacco farmers in the southern United States The recent termination of the tobacco quota program has accelerated the exit of tobacco farmers and has heightened concern regarding the availability of substitutes for tobacco production. In this study, we examine factors influencing tobacco farmers’ attempts to identify profitable alternatives to tobacco, their off-farm employment behavior, and changes in acres of tobacco cultivated using survey data collected from a panel of North Carolina tobacco farmers combined with market data
Additional file 8 of Maternal effects shape the alternative splicing of parental alleles in reciprocal cross hybrids of Megalobrama amblycephala × Culter alburnus
Creators: name: Ren, Li
name: Xiaojing Yan
name: Gao, Xin
name: Jialin Cui
name: Pengcheng Yan
name: Wu, Chang
name: Wuhui Li
name: Shaojun Liu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 8: Table S4. The AS events and their gene distribution predicted from Illumina data.
To What Surprises Do Hog Futures Markets Respond?
Creators: name: Frank, Julieta
name: Garcia, Philip
name: Irwin, Scott H.
name: Frank, Julieta
name: Garcia, Philip
name: Irwin, Scott H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: HPR
subject: new information
subject: rationality
subject: two-limit tobit
subject: USDA announcements

description: We reassess the effect of new information in the Hogs and Pigs Reports (HPR) focusing on announcements’ rationality and alternative surprises. HPR announcements are irrational estimates of final estimates, and market expectations are irrational estimates of HPR numbers. Using the market’s best forecast and incorporating final estimates, we modify conventional information measures. Despite differences as large as 33 cents/cwt in price response, findings suggest there is little to differentiate among surprise measures. Regardless, the message that HPR provides new information to the market is strongly supported. On balance, marketing (breeding) information has a larger effect on short-term (long-term) price changes.
Can a nonextremal black hole be a particle accelerator?
Creators: name: Zaslavskii, O. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider particle collisions in the background of a nonextremal black hole. Two particles fall from infinity, particle 1 is fine-tuned (critical), collision occurs in its turning point. The first example is the Reissner-Nordström (RN) one. If the energy at infinity $E_{1}$ is big enough, the turning point is close to the horizon. Then, we derive a simple formula according to which $E_{c.m.}\sim E_{1}κ^{-1/2}$, where $κ$ is a surface gravity. Thus significant growth of $E_{c.m.}$ is possible if (i) particle 1 is ultrarelativistic (if both particles are ultrarelativistic, this gives no gain as compared to collisions in flat space-time), (ii) a black hole is near-extremal (small $κ$). In the scenario of multiple collisions the energy $E_{c.m.}$ is finite in each individual collision. However, it can grow in subsequent collisions, provided new near-critical particles are heavy enough. For neutral rotating black holes, in case (i) a turning point remains far from the horizon but large $E_{c.m.}$ is still possible. Case (ii) is similar to that for collisions in the RN metric. We develop a general theoretical scheme, direct astrophysical applications can be a next step to be studied.
description: 19 pages. Typose corrected. Matches published version
The Impact of Situation and Outlook Information in Corn and Soybean Futures Markets: Evidence from WASDE Reports
Creators: name: Isengildina-Massa, Olga
name: Irwin, Scott H.
name: Good, Darrel L.
name: Gomez, Jennifer K.
name: Isengildina-Massa, Olga
name: Irwin, Scott H.
name: Good, Darrel L.
name: Gomez, Jennifer K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Financial Economics
subject: corn
subject: market impact
subject: outlook
subject: situation
subject: soybeans
subject: WASDE

description: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of situation and outlook information from World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) in corn and soybean futures markets over the period 1985 to 2006. Results indicate that WASDE reports containing National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) crop production estimates and other domestic and international situation and outlook information have the largest impact; causing return variance on report sessions to be 7.38 times greater than normal return variance in corn futures and 6.87 times greater than normal return variance in soybean futures. WASDE reports limited to international situation information and domestic and international outlook information have a smaller impact. The results show that the impact of WASDE reports has increased over time.
Additional file 8 of Complicated hospitalization due to influenza: results from the Global Hospital Influenza Network for the 2017–2018 season
Creators: name: Lina, Bruno
name: Georges, Alexandre
name: Burtseva, Elena
name: Nunes, Marta C.
name: Andrew, Melissa K.
name: McNeil, Shelly A.
name: Ruiz-Palacios, Guillermo M.
name: Luzhao Feng
name: Kyncl, Jan
name: Vanhems, Philippe
name: Ortiz, Justin R.
name: Paget, John
name: Reiner, Robert C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 8: Supplemental Figure 2. Description of data: Influenza strain circulation by year-week for individual sites within the South West Europe influenza transmission zone.