cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Kinetic description and convergence analysis of genetic algorithms for global optimization
Creators: name: Borghi, Giacomo
name: Pareschi, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65C35, 90C26, 90C59, 35Q90, 35Q20

description: Genetic Algorithms (GA) are a class of metaheuristic global optimization methods inspired by the process of natural selection among individuals in a population. Despite their widespread use, a comprehensive theoretical analysis of these methods remains challenging due to the complexity of the heuristic mechanisms involved. In this work, relying on the tools of statistical physics, we take a first step towards a mathematical understanding of GA by showing how their behavior for a large number of individuals can be approximated through a time-discrete kinetic model. This allows us to prove the convergence of the algorithm towards a global minimum under mild assumptions on the objective function for a popular choice of selection mechanism. Furthermore, we derive a time-continuous model of GA, represented by a Boltzmann-like partial differential equation, and establish relations with other kinetic and mean-field dynamics in optimization. Numerical experiments support the validity of the proposed kinetic approximation and investigate the asymptotic configurations of the GA particle system for different selection mechanisms and benchmark problems.
title: Masterstudiengang Frühe Kindheit – über die Grenzen hinweg
Creators: name: Burkhardt Bossi, Carine
Publisher: name: Publikationsserver der Pädagogischen Hochschule Thurgau
Year: 2013

description: Im Oktober 2011 startete der erste interdisziplinäre Studienjahrgang Master Frühe Kindheit der Pädagogischen Hochschule Thurgau (PHTG) und der Universität Konstanz.
description: Schulblatt des Kantons Thurgau, no. 2, p. 7
Cell and animal models of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and immunity
Creators: name: Leist, S.R
name: Schäfer, A
name: Martinez, D.R
Publisher: name: Company of Biologists Ltd
Year: 2020

description: The spread of the novel virus SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was explosive, with cases first identified in December 2019, and >22 million people infected and >775,000 deaths as of August 2020. SARS-CoV-2 can cause severe respiratory disease in humans leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The development of effective clinical interventions, such as antivirals and vaccines that can limit or even prevent the burden and spread of SARS-CoV-2, is a global health priority. Testing of leading antivirals, monoclonal antibody therapies and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 will require robust animal and cell models of viral pathogenesis. In this Special Article, we discuss the cell-based and animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis that have been described as of August 2020. We also outline the outstanding questions for which researchers can leverage animal and cell-based models to improve our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and protective immunity. Taken together, the refinement of models of SARS-CoV-2 infection will be critical to guide the development of therapeutics and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 to end the COVID-19 pandemic.
One-loop effective action of the IKKT model for cosmological backgrounds
Creators: name: Battista, Emmanuele
name: Steinacker, Harold C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study cosmological solutions of the IKKT model with $k=-1$ FLWR geometry, taking into account one-loop corrections. A previously discussed covariant quantum spacetime is found to be stabilized through one-loop effects at early times, without adding a mass term to the model. At late times, this background is modified and approaches a solution of the classical model where $a(t) \sim const$, but the dilaton decreases in time. This suggests that a more complete treatment of the system is required in the late-time regime.
description: v2: sign error in Eq. (79) corrected; conclusions modified
Magnus and Iordanskii Forces in Superfluids
Creators: name: Wexler, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The total transverse force acting on a quantized vortex in a superfluid is a problem that has eluded a complete understanding for more than three decades. In this letter I propose a remarkably simple argument, somewhat reminiscent of Laughlin's beautiful argument for the quantization of conductance in the quantum Hall effect, to define the superfluid velocity part of the transverse force. This term is found to be $- ρ_s κ_s \times {v}_s$. Although this result does not seem to be overly controversial, this thermodynamic argument based only on macroscopic properties of the superfluid does offer a robust derivation. A recent publication by Thouless, Ao and Niu has demonstrated that the vortex velocity part of the transverse force in a homogeneous neutral superfluid is given by the usual form $ρ_s κ_s \times {v}_V$. A combination of these two independent results and the required Galilean invariance yields that there cannot be any transverse force proportional to the normal fluid velocity, in apparent conflict with Iordanskii's theory of the transverse force due to phonon scattering by the vortex.
description: RevTex, 1 Encapsulated Postscript figure
Probing modified gravitational-wave propagation with extreme mass-ratio inspirals
Creators: name: Liu, Chang
name: Laghi, Danny
name: Tamanini, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs), namely binary systems composed of a massive black hole and a compact stellar-mass object, are anticipated to be among the gravitational wave (GW) sources detected by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Similarly to compact binary mergers detected by current GW detectors, EMRIs can be used as cosmic rulers to probe the expansion of the Universe. Motivated by tensions in current cosmological observations as well as by alternative models of dark energy, modified gravity theories can affect the propagation of GWs across cosmological distances, with modifications commonly parametrised in terms of two phenomenological parameters, $Ξ_0$ and $n$. In this work we adopt a Bayesian approach to constrain for the first time parametrised deviations from General Relativity using the loudest simulated EMRIs detected by LISA as dark sirens with a simulated galaxy catalog. Assuming all the cosmological parameters except $Ξ_0$ are already tightly constrained, our forecasts show that $Ξ_0$ can be constrained to a few percent level (90% C.I.) with 4 years of LISA observations, unless EMRI detection rates turn out to be closer to current pessimistic expectations. These results quickly degrade if additional cosmological parameters are inferred simultaneously, but become more robust with an extended LISA observation period of 10 years. Overall, we find that EMRIs with LISA are better at constraining modified GW propagation than current second-generation ground-based GW detectors, but they will only be comparable to third-generation detectors in the most optimistic scenarios.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables - Matches published version
Foamy virus Bet proteins function as novel inhibitors of the APOBEC3 family of innate antiretroviral defense factors
Creators: name: McClure, M.O
name: Schäfer, A
name: Wiegand, H.L
name: Moore, M.D
name: Russell, R.A
name: Cullen, B.R
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Foamy viruses are a family of complex retroviruses that establish common, productive infections in a wide range of nonhuman primates. In contrast, humans appear nonpermissive for foamy virus replication, although zoonotic infections do occur. Here we have analyzed the ability of primate and mouse APOBEC3G proteins to inhibit the infectivity of primate foamy virus (PFV) virions produced in their presence. We demonstrate that several APOBEC3 proteins can potently inhibit the infectivity of a PFV-based viral vector. This inhibition correlated with the packaging of inhibitory APOBEC3 proteins into PFV virions, due to a specific PFV Gag/APOBEC3 interaction, and resulted in the G to A hypermutation of PFV reverse transcripts. While inhibition of PFV virion infectivity by primate APOBEC3 proteins was largely relieved by coexpression of the PFV Bet protein, a cytoplasmic auxiliary protein of previously uncertain function, Bet failed to relieve inhibition caused by murine APOBEC3. PFV Bet bound to human, but not mouse, APOBEC3 proteins in coexpressing cells, and this binding correlated with the specific inhibition of their incorporation into PFV virions. Of note, both PFV Bet and a second Bet protein, derived from an African green monkey foamy virus, rescued the infectivity of Vif-deficient human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virions produced in the presence of African green monkey APOBEC3G and blocked the incorporation of this host factor into HIV-1 virion particles. However, neither foamy virus Bet protein reduced APOBEC3 protein expression levels in virion producer cells. While these data identify the foamy virus Bet protein as a functional ortholog of the HIV-1 Vif auxiliary protein, they also indicate that Vif and Bet block APOBEC3 protein function by distinct mechanisms.
Orbitally Driven Spin Pairing in the 3D Non-Magnetic Mott Insulator BaVS3: Evidence from Single Crystal Studies
Creators: name: Mihaly, G.
name: Kezsmarki, I.
name: Zamborszky, F.
name: Miljak, M.
name: Penc, K.
name: Fazekas, P.
name: Berger, H.
name: Forro, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Static electrical and magnetic properties of single crystal BaVS_3 were measured over the structural (T_S=240K), metal-insulator (T_MI=69K), and suspected orbital ordering (T_X=30K) transitions. The resistivity is almost isotropic both in the metallic and insulating states. An anomaly in the magnetic anisotropy at T_X signals a phase transition to an ordered low-T state. The results are interpreted in terms of orbital ordering and spin pairing within the lowest crystal field quasi-doublet. The disordered insulator at T_X
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, revtex, epsf, and multicol style. Problem with figures fixed. To appear in Phys. Rev. B Rap. Comm
Asymmetry of resonance Raman profiles in semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes at the first excitonic transition
Creators: name: Gordeev, Georgy
name: Flavel, Benjamin
name: Krupke, Ralph
name: Kusch, Patryk
name: Reich, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Electron-phonon coupling
subject: Excitons
subject: Phonons
subject: Nanotubes
subject: Perturbation theory
subject: Photoluminescence
subject: Raman spectroscopy
subject: Resonance techniques
subject: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: Carbon nanotubes are one-dimensional nanoscale systems with strongly pronounced chirality-dependent optical properties with multiple excitonic transitions. We investigate the high-energy G mode of semiconducting single-walled nanotubes of different chiralities at first excitonic transition by applying resonant Raman spectroscopy. The G mode intensity dependence on excitation energy yielded asymmetric resonance Raman profiles similar to ones we reported for the second excitonic transition. We find the scattering efficiency to be strongest at the incoming Raman resonance. Still, the degree of asymmetry is different for the first and second transitions and the first transition profiles provide a narrower line shape due to longer exciton lifetimes. The overall scattering efficiency is up to a factor of 25 times more intense at first excitonic transition, compared to the second transition. The fifth-order perturbation theory, with implemented phonon scattering pathways between excitonic states, excellently reproduced experimental data.
Matrix Completion under Low-Rank Missing Mechanism
Creators: name: Mao, Xiaojun
name: Wong, Raymond K. W.
name: Chen, Song Xi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Matrix completion is a modern missing data problem where both the missing structure and the underlying parameter are high dimensional. Although missing structure is a key component to any missing data problems, existing matrix completion methods often assume a simple uniform missing mechanism. In this work, we study matrix completion from corrupted data under a novel low-rank missing mechanism. The probability matrix of observation is estimated via a high dimensional low-rank matrix estimation procedure, and further used to complete the target matrix via inverse probabilities weighting. Due to both high dimensional and extreme (i.e., very small) nature of the true probability matrix, the effect of inverse probability weighting requires careful study. We derive optimal asymptotic convergence rates of the proposed estimators for both the observation probabilities and the target matrix.
description: 29 pages, 0 figures
Constraining black hole feedback in galaxy clusters from X-ray power spectra
Creators: name: Heinrich, Annie
name: Chen, Yi-Hao
name: Heinz, Sebastian
name: Zhuravleva, Irina
name: Churazov, Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Jets launched by the supermassive black holes in the centers of cool-core clusters are the most likely heat source to solve the cooling flow problem. One way for this heating to occur is through generation of a turbulent cascade by jet-inflated bubbles. Measurements of the X-ray intensity power spectra show evidence of this cascade in different regions of the cluster, constraining the role of driving mechanisms. We analyze feedback simulations of the Perseus cluster to constrain the effect of the jet activity on the intensity fluctuations and kinematics of the cluster atmosphere. We find that, within the inner 60 kiloparsecs, the power spectra of the predicted surface brightness fluctuations are broadly consistent with those measured by Chandra and that even a single episode of jet activity can generate a long-lasting imprint on the intensity fluctuations in the innermost region of the cluster. AGN-driven motions within the same region approach the values reported by Hitomi during and right after the AGN episode. However, the line-of-sight velocity dispersion excited by the jet in simulations underpredicts the Hitomi measurement. This indicates that driving a volume-filling sustained level of turbulence requires several episodes of jet activity, and/or additional processes drive turbulence outside the 60-kpc sphere. This also suggests that sharp edges of the bubbles in the innermost region of the cluster contribute substantially to the intensity of fluctuations, consistent with the Perseus observations in the inner 30-kpc region. We discuss new diagnostics to decompose annular power spectra to constrain past episodes of jet activity.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Cîteaux dit Cartulare Antiquum t.3 (2e moitié XIIIe siècle), Cart. 168 (11 H 66), f. 0182v
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2010
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Cîteaux dit Cartulare Antiquum t.3 (2e moitié XIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 168 (11 H 66), f. 0182v, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Cîteaux dit Cartulare Antiquum t.3 (2e moitié XIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 168 (11 H 66), f. 0182v, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Additional file 1: of The association between voluntary work and health care use among older adults in Germany
Creators: name: Flennert, Maike
name: Hans-Helmut KĂśnig
name: AndrĂŠ Hajek
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Composition of specialists. (DOCX 13 kb)
Theoretical investigation of a spectrally pure-state generation from isomorphs of KDP crystal at near-infrared and telecom wavelengths
Creators: name: Jin, Rui-Bo
name: Cai, Neng
name: Huang, Ying
name: Hao, Xiang-Ying
name: Wang, Shun
name: Li, Fang
name: Song, Hai-Zhi
name: Zhou, Qiang
name: Shimizu, Ryosuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectrally uncorrelated biphoton state generated from the spontaneous nonlinear optical process is an important resource for quantum information. Currently such spectrally uncorrelated biphoton state can only be prepared from limited kinds of nonlinear media, thus limiting their wavelengths. In order to explore wider wavelength range, here we theoretically study the generation of spectrally uncorrelated biphoton state from 14 isomorphs of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal. We find that 11 crystals from the `KDP family' still maintain similar nonlinear optical properties of KDP, such as KDP, DKDP, ADP, DADP, ADA, DADA, RDA, DRDA, RDP, DRDP and KDA, which satisfy 3 kinds of the group-velocity matching conditions for spectrally uncorrelated biphoton state generation from near-infrared to telecom wavelengths. Based on the uncorrelated biphoton state, we investigate the generation of heralded pure-state single photon by detecting one member of the biphoton state to herald the output of the other. The purity of the heralded single photon is as high as 0.98 without using a narrow-band filter; the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference from independent sources can also achieve a visibility of 98%. This study may provide more and better single-photon sources for quantum information processing at near-infrared and telecom wavelengths.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Inhibition of a yeast LTR retrotransposon by human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases
Creators: name: Kenny, A.E
name: Curcio, M.J
name: Cullen, B.R
name: Dutko, J.A
name: Schäfer, A
Publisher: name: Cell Press
Year: 2005

description: The mammalian APOBEC3 family of cytidine deaminases includes several members that possess potent antiretroviral activity. Human APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G are specifically incorporated into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) progeny virions in the absence of virion infectivity factor (Vif), where they deaminate deoxycytidine to deoxyuridine on the minus strand of nascent reverse transcripts. Editing of the HIV-1 cDNA leads to its degradation or to G to A hypermutation of the integrated provirus [1-8]. Here, we show that APOBEC3 proteins also restrict the activity of a distantly related long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon. When expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, human APOBEC3C, APOBEC3F, or APOBEC3G or mouse APOBEC3 potently inhibit replication of the Ty1 LTR retrotransposon. APOBEC3G interacts with Ty1 Gag and is packaged into Ty1 virus-like particles (VLPs) by a mechanism that closely resembles the one it uses to enter HIV-1 virions. Expression of APOBEC3G results in a reduced level of Ty1 cDNA integration and G to A editing of integrated Ty1 cDNA. Our findings indicate that APOBEC3G restricts Ty1 and HIV-1 by similar mechanisms and suggest that the APOBEC3 proteins target a substantially broader spectrum of retroelements than previously appreciated.
SeLeP: Learning Based Semantic Prefetching for Exploratory Database Workloads
Creators: name: Zirak, Farzaneh
name: Choudhury, Farhana
name: Borovica-Gajic, Renata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Prefetching is a crucial technique employed in traditional databases to enhance interactivity, particularly in the context of data exploitation. Data exploration is a query processing paradigm in which users search for insights buried in the data, often not knowing what exactly they are looking for. Data exploratory tools deal with multiple challenges such as the need for interactivity with no a priori knowledge being present to help with the system tuning. The state-of-the-art prefetchers are specifically designed for navigational workloads only, where the number of possible actions is limited. The prefetchers that work with SQL-based workloads, on the other hand, mainly rely on data logical addresses rather than the data semantics. They fail to predict complex access patterns in cases where the database size is substantial, resulting in an extensive address space, or when there is frequent co-accessing of data. In this paper, we propose SeLeP, a semantic prefetcher that makes prefetching decisions for both types of workloads, based on the encoding of the data values contained inside the accessed blocks. Following the popular path of using machine learning approaches to automatically learn the hidden patterns, we formulate the prefetching task as a time-series forecasting problem and use an encoder-decoder LSTM architecture to learn the data access pattern. Our extensive experiments, across real-life exploratory workloads, demonstrate that SeLeP improves the hit ratio up to 40% and reduces I/O time up to 45% compared to the state-of-the-art, attaining impressive 95% hit ratio and 80% I/O reduction on average.
Theory of continuum percolation III. Low density expansion
Creators: name: Drory, Alon
name: Berkowitz, Brian
name: Parisi, Giorgio
name: Balberg, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a previously introduced mapping between the continuum percolation model and the Potts fluid (a system of interacting s-states spins which are free to move in the continuum) to derive the low density expansion of the pair connectedness and the mean cluster size. We prove that given an adequate identification of functions, the result is equivalent to the density expansion derived from a completely different point of view by Coniglio et al. [J. Phys A 10, 1123 (1977)] to describe physical clustering in a gas. We then apply our expansion to a system of hypercubes with a hard core interaction. The calculated critical density is within approximately 5% of the results of simulations, and is thus much more precise than previous theoretical results which were based on integral equations. We suggest that this is because integral equations smooth out overly the partition function (i.e., they describe predominantly its analytical part), while our method targets instead the part which describes the phase transition (i.e., the singular part).
description: 42 pages, Revtex, includes 5 EncapsulatedPostscript figures, submitted to Phys Rev E
Differential sensitivity of murine leukemia virus to APOBEC3-mediated inhibition is governed by virion exclusion
Creators: name: Wiegand, H.L
name: Schäfer, A
name: Cullen, B.R
name: Bogerd, H.P
name: Doehle, B.P
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: While members of the APOBEC3 family of human intrinsic resistance factors are able to restrict the replication of Vif-deflcient forms of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), they are unable to block replication of wild-type HIV-1 due to the action of Vif, which induces their degradation. In contrast, HIV-1 Vif is unable to block inhibition mediated by APOBEC3 proteins expressed by several heterologous species, including mice. Here, we have asked whether the simple retrovirus murine leukemia virus (MLV) is sensitive to restriction by the cognate murine or heterologous, human APOBEC3 proteins. We demonstrate that MLV is highly sensitive to inhibition by human APOBEC3G and APOBEC3B but resistant to inhibition by murine APOBEC3 or by other human APOBEC3 proteins, including APOBEC3F. This sensitivity fully correlates with the ability of these proteins to be packaged into MLV virion particles: i.e., human APOBEC3G and APOBEC3B are packaged while murine APOBEC3 and human APOBEC3F are excluded. Moreover, this packaging in turn correlates with the differential ability of these APOBEC3 proteins to bind MLV Gag. Together, these data suggest that MLV Gag has evolved to avoid binding, and hence virion packaging, of the cognate murine APOBEC3 protein but that MLV infectivity is still restricted by certain heterologous APOBEC3 proteins that retain this ability. Moreover, these results suggest that APOBEC3 proteins may help prevent the zoonotic infection of humans by simple retroviruses and provide a mechanism for how simple retroviruses can avoid inhibition by APOBEC3 family members.
Instructions for qualitative interviews on the qualitative perception of scientific publications
Creators: name: Herb, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Quality
Scientific Publications
Interviews

description: The following guidelines were used in the project "Making Open Access publications visible in the holdings of a library - visOA ". They were developed on the basis of a literature study on the qualitative perception of scientific publications and were used to conduct qualitative interviews on the same topic. Both studies (literature study and qualitative interviews) were part of the accompanying research of visOA.
description: Gefördert vom Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) "Förderrichtlinie des freien Informationsflusses in der Wissenschaft – Open Access des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)" Vorhaben: Sichtbarmachung von Open-Access-Publikationen in den Nachweisinstrumenten einer Bibliothek - visOA Ausführende Stelle: Leibniz-Institut für Neue Materialien gGmbH (INM) Projektleitung: Uwe Geith Förderkennzeichen: 16OA060 Funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) "Programme for the Free Flow of Information in Science - Open Access of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)" Project: Making Open Access publications visible in the holdings of a library - visOA Executing authority: Leibniz Institute for New Materials gGmbH (INM) Project Management: Uwe Geith Grant reference number: 16OA060
Relaxation to persistent currents in a Hubbard trimer coupled to fermionic baths
Creators: name: Szpak, Nikodem
name: Schaller, Gernot
name: Schützhold, Ralf
name: König, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a ring of fermionic quantum sites, modeled by the Fermi--Hubbard Hamiltonian, in which electrons can move and interact strongly via the Coulomb repulsion. The system is coupled to fermionic cold baths which by the exchange of particles and energy induce relaxation in the system. We eliminate the environment and describe the system effectively by Lindblad master equations in various versions valid for different coupling parameter regimes. The early relaxation phase proceeds in a universal way, irrespective of the relative couplings and approximations. The system settles down to its low--energy sector and is consecutively well approximated by the Heisenberg model. We compare different Lindblad approaches which, in the late relaxation, push the system towards different final states with opposite, extreme spin orders, from ferromagenetic to antiferromagnetic. Due to spin frustration in the trimer (a three site ring), degenerate ground states are formed by spin waves (magnons). The system described by the global coherent version of the Lindblad operators relaxes towards the final states carrying directed persistent spin currents. We numerically confirm these predictions.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures
Weak coupling limit of the Anisotropic KPZ equation
Creators: name: Cannizzaro, Giuseppe
name: Erhard, Dirk
name: Toninelli, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H17, 82C27

description: In the present work, we study the two-dimensional anisotropic KPZ equation (AKPZ), which is formally given by \begin{equation*} \partial_t h=\tfrac12 Δh + λ((\partial_1 h)^2)-(\partial_2 h)^2) +ξ\,, \end{equation*} where $ξ$ denotes a space-time white noise and $λ>0$ is the so-called coupling constant. The AKPZ equation is a {\it critical} SPDE, meaning that not only it is analytically ill-posed but also the breakthrough path-wise techniques for singular SPDEs [M. Hairer, Ann. Math. 2014] and [M. Gubinelli, P. Imkeller and N. Perkowski, Forum of Math., Pi, 2015] are not applicable. As shown in [G. Cannizzaro, D. Erhard, F. Toninelli, arXiv, 2020], the equation regularised at scale $N$ has a diffusion coefficient that diverges logarithmically as the regularisation is removed in the limit $N\to\infty$. Here, we study the \emph{weak coupling limit} where $λ=λ_N=\hatλ/\sqrt{\log N}$: this is the correct scaling that guarantees that the nonlinearity has a still non-trivial but non-divergent effect. In fact, as $N\to\infty$ the sequence of equations converges to the linear stochastic heat equation \begin{equation*} \partial_t h =\tfrac{ν_{\rm eff}}{2} Δh + \sqrt{ν_{\rm eff}}ξ\,, \end{equation*} where $ν_{\rm eff} >1$ is explicit and depends non-trivially on $\hatλ$. This is the first full renormalization-type result for a critical, singular SPDE which cannot be linearised via Cole-Hopf or any other transformation.
description: 5 figures
title: Falsche oder echte Freunde?: Entrepreneurship, Making und die Nützlichkeitsfalle
Creators: name: Hermann, Thomas
Publisher: name: Publikationsserver der Pädagogischen Hochschule Thurgau
Year: 2019

description: In der Diskussion um Makerspaces taucht die Entrepreneurship Education gerne als verwandte Disziplin auf. Dieser Beitrag geht auf konzeptionelle Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen Making und unternehmerischem Denken ein und warnt davor, beide auf den Aspekt der Nützlichkeit zu reduzieren. Aufgabe der Schule ist es nicht, Produktentwicklerinnen bzw. -entwickler oder Unternehmerinnen bzw. Unternehmer heranzuziehen, sondern Menschen, die den Herausforderungen ihrer Zeit gewachsen sind, und die diese gleichzeitig kritisch reflektieren können.
description: Merz: Medien + Erziehung: Zeitschrift für Medienpädagogik, no. 4, p. 38
Search for Highly-Ionizing Particles in pp Collisions During LHC Run-2 Using the Full MoEDAL Detector
Creators: name: MoEDAL Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This search for Magnetic Monopoles (MMs) and High Electric Charge Objects (HECOs) with spins 0, 1/2 and 1, uses for the first time the full MoEDAL detector, exposed to 6.6 fb^-1 proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV. The results are interpreted in terms of Drell-Yan and photon-fusion pair production. Mass limits on direct production of MMs of up to 10 Dirac magnetic charges and HECOs with electric charge in the range 5e to 350e were achieved. The charge limits placed on MM and HECO production are currently the strongest in the world. MoEDAL is the only LHC experiment capable of being directly calibrated for highly-ionizing particles using heavy ions and with a detector system dedicated to definitively measuring magnetic charge.
Anisotropic space-times in homogeneous string cosmology
Creators: name: Batakis, N. A.
name: Kehagias, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of the early universe may have been profoundly influenced by spatial anisotropies. A search for such backgrounds in the context of string cosmology has uncovered the existence of an entire class of (spatatially) homogeneous but not necessarily isotropic space-times, analogous to the class of Bianchi-types in general relativity. Configurations with vanishing cosmological constant but non-vanishing dilaton and antisymmetric field are explicitly found for all types. This is a new class of solutions, whose isotropy limits reproduce all known and, further, all possible FRW-type of models in the string-cosmology context considered. There is always an initial singularity and no inflation. Other features of the general solutions, including their behaviour under abelian duality are are also discussed.
description: 18 pages, Latex, no figures
The latency-associated nuclear antigen homolog of herpesvirus saimiri inhibits lytic virus replication
Creators: name: Wieser, C
name: Ensser, A
name: Fleckenstein, B
name: Grillhösl, C
name: Schäfer, A
name: Lengenfelder, D
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS), a T-lymphotropic tumor virus of neotropical primates, and the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV) belong to the gamma-2-herpesvirus (Rhadinovirus) subfamily and share numerous features of genome structure and organization. The KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) protein appears to be relevant for viral persistence, latency, and transformation. It binds to DNA, colocalizes with viral episomal DNA, and presumably mediates efficient persistence of viral genomes. LANA further represses the transcriptional and proapoptotic activities of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. Here we report on the ORF73 gene of HVS strain C488, which is the positional and structural homolog of KSHV LANA. The ORF73 gene in OMK cells can encode a 62-kDa protein that localizes to the nucleus in a pattern similar to that of LANA. We show that the ORF73 gene product can regulate viral gene expression by acting as a transcriptional modulator of latent and lytic viral promoters. To define the HVS ORF73 function in the background of a replication-competent virus, we constructed a viral mutant that expresses ORF73 under the transcriptional control of a mifepristone (RU-486)-inducible promoter. The HVS ORF73 gene product efficiently suppresses lytic viral replication in permissive cells, indicating that it defines a critical control point between viral persistence and lytic replication.
Additional file 1: of Are left-behind families of migrant workers at increased risk of attempted suicide? â a cohort study of 178,000+ individuals in Sri Lanka
Creators: name: Duleeka Knipe
name: Lambert, Helen
name: Pearson, Melissa
name: Eddleston, Michael
name: Shaluka Jayamanne
name: Kolitha Wickramage
name: Hawton, Keith
name: Konradsen, Flemming
name: Metcalfe, Chris
name: Gunnell, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Characteristics of participants with missing data and crude risk of attempted suicide by household migrant status. Table S1. Number of participants with missing data for each variable of interest. Table S2. Unadjusted risk of attempted suicide by household (hh) migrant status. (DOCX 15 kb)
Semi-supervised GANs to Infer Travel Modes in GPS Trajectories
Creators: name: Yazdizadeh, Ali
name: Patterson, Zachary
name: Farooq, Bilal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Semi-supervised Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are developed in the context of travel mode inference with uni-dimensional smartphone trajectory data. We use data from a large-scale smartphone travel survey in Montreal, Canada. We convert GPS trajectories into fixed-sized segments with five channels (variables). We develop different GANs architectures and compare their prediction results with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The best semi-supervised GANs model led to a prediction accuracy of 83.4%, while the best CNN model was able to achieve the prediction accuracy of 81.3%. The results compare favorably with previous studies, especially when taking the large-scale real-world nature of the dataset into account.
Quantum field theory at finite temperature for 3D periodic backgrounds
Creators: name: Santamaria-Sanz, Lucia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The one-loop quantum corrections to the internal energy of some lattices due to the quantum fluctuations of the scalar field of phonons are studied. The band spectrum of the lattice is characterised in terms of the scattering data, allowing to compute the quantum vacuum interaction energy between nodes at zero temperature, as well as the total Helmholtz free energy, the entropy, and the Casimir pressure between nodes at finite non-zero temperature. Some examples of periodic potentials built from the repetition in one of the three spatial dimensions of the same punctual or compact supported potential are addressed: a stack of parallel plates constructed by positioning $δδ'$-functions at the lattice nodes, and an 'upside-down tiled roof' of parallel two-dimensional Pöschl-Teller wells centred at the nodes. They will be called generalised Dirac comb and Pöschl-Teller comb, respectively. Positive one-loop quantum corrections to the entropy appear for both combs at non-zero temperatures. Moreover, the Casimir force between the lattice nodes is always repulsive for both chains when non-trivial temperatures are considered, implying that the primitive cell increases its size due to the quantum interaction of the phonon field.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures. Version 2 (published version in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, 2024) includes additional comments and a change of title
The SARS-CoV-2 viral load in COVID-19 patients is lower on face mask filters than on nasopharyngeal swabs
Creators: name: Smolinska, Agnieszka
name: Jessop, David S.
name: Pappan, Kirk L.
name: De Saedeleer, Alexandra
name: Kang, Amerjit
name: Martin, Alexandra L.
name: Allsworth, Max
name: Tyson, Charlotte
name: Bos, Martine P.
name: Clancy, Matt
name: Morel, Mike
name: Cooke, Tony
name: Dymond, Tom
name: Harris, Claire
name: Galloway, Jacqui
name: Bresser, Paul
name: Dijkstra, Nynke
name: Jagesar, Viresh
name: Savelkoul, Paul H. M.
name: Beuken, Erik V. H.
name: Nix, Wesley H. V.
name: Louis, Renaud
name: Delvaux, Muriel
name: Calmes, Doriane
name: Ernst, Benoit
name: Pollini, Simona
name: Peired, Anna
name: Guiot, Julien
name: Tomassetti, Sara
name: Budding, Andries E.
name: McCaughan, Frank
name: Marciniak, Stefan J.
name: Van Der Schee, Marc P.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/326/2521
/692/53/2421
/692/699/255
article

description: Abstract: Face masks and personal respirators are used to curb the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory droplets; filters embedded in some personal protective equipment could be used as a non-invasive sample source for applications, including at-home testing, but information is needed about whether filters are suited to capture viral particles for SARS-CoV-2 detection. In this study, we generated inactivated virus-laden aerosols of 0.3–2 microns in diameter (0.9 µm mean diameter by mass) and dispersed the aerosolized viral particles onto electrostatic face mask filters. The limit of detection for inactivated coronaviruses SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63 extracted from filters was between 10 to 100 copies/filter for both viruses. Testing for SARS-CoV-2, using face mask filters and nasopharyngeal swabs collected from hospitalized COVID-19-patients, showed that filter samples offered reduced sensitivity (8.5% compared to nasopharyngeal swabs). The low concordance of SARS-CoV-2 detection between filters and nasopharyngeal swabs indicated that number of viral particles collected on the face mask filter was below the limit of detection for all patients but those with the highest viral loads. This indicated face masks are unsuitable to replace diagnostic nasopharyngeal swabs in COVID-19 diagnosis. The ability to detect nucleic acids on face mask filters may, however, find other uses worth future investigation.
Isotope effect in the presence of a pseudogap
Creators: name: Dahm, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the question whether the unusual doping dependence of the isotope exponent observed in underdoped high-Tc superconductors might be related to another unusual phenomenon observed in these systems: the pseudogap phenomenon. Within different approximations we study the influence of a phenomenological pseudogap on the isotope exponent and find that it generally strongly increases the isotope exponent, in qualitative agreement with experiments on underdoped high-Tc compounds. This result is stable against strong-coupling self-energy corrections and also holds for recently proposed spinfluctuation exchange models, if a weak additional electron-phonon coupling is considered.
description: 6 pages, 3 Postscript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
DPGNN: Dual-Perception Graph Neural Network for Representation Learning
Creators: name: Zhou, Li
name: Chen, Wenyu
name: Zeng, Dingyi
name: Cheng, Shaohuan
name: Liu, Wanlong
name: Zhang, Malu
name: Qu, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph neural networks (GNNs) have drawn increasing attention in recent years and achieved remarkable performance in many graph-based tasks, especially in semi-supervised learning on graphs. However, most existing GNNs are based on the message-passing paradigm to iteratively aggregate neighborhood information in a single topology space. Despite their success, the expressive power of GNNs is limited by some drawbacks, such as inflexibility of message source expansion, negligence of node-level message output discrepancy, and restriction of single message space. To address these drawbacks, we present a novel message-passing paradigm, based on the properties of multi-step message source, node-specific message output, and multi-space message interaction. To verify its validity, we instantiate the new message-passing paradigm as a Dual-Perception Graph Neural Network (DPGNN), which applies a node-to-step attention mechanism to aggregate node-specific multi-step neighborhood information adaptively. Our proposed DPGNN can capture the structural neighborhood information and the feature-related information simultaneously for graph representation learning. Experimental results on six benchmark datasets with different topological structures demonstrate that our method outperforms the latest state-of-the-art models, which proves the superiority and versatility of our method. To our knowledge, we are the first to consider node-specific message passing in the GNNs.
description: Published in Knowledge-Based Systems
Stein's method, Gaussian processes and Palm measures, with applications to queueing
Creators: name: Barbour, A. D.
name: Ross, Nathan
name: Zheng, Guangqu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 60G15, 60G55, secondary 60K25, 60F25

description: We develop a general approach to Stein's method for approximating a random process in the path space $D([0,T]\to R^d)$ by a real continuous Gaussian process. We then use the approach in the context of processes that have a representation as integrals with respect to anunderlying point process, deriving a general quantitative Gaussian approximation. The error bound is expressed in terms of couplings of the original process to processes generated from the reduced Palm measures associated with the point process. As applications, we study certain $\text{GI}/\text{GI}/\infty$ queues in the "heavy traffic" regime.
description: 40 pages
Ensemble model aggregation using a computationally lightweight machine-learning model to forecast ocean waves
Creators: name: O'Donncha, Fearghal
name: Zhang, Yushan
name: Chen, Bei
name: James, Scott c.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study investigated an approach to improve the accuracy of computationally lightweight surrogate models by updating forecasts based on historical accuracy relative to sparse observation data. Using a lightweight, ocean-wave forecasting model, we created a large number of model ensembles, with perturbed inputs, for a two-year study period. Forecasts were aggregated using a machine-learning algorithm that combined forecasts from multiple, independent models into a single "best-estimate" prediction of the true state. The framework was applied to a case-study site in Monterey Bay, California. A~learning-aggregation technique used historical observations and model forecasts to calculate a weight for each ensemble member. Weighted ensemble predictions were compared to measured wave conditions to evaluate performance against present state-of-the-art. Finally, we discussed how this framework, which integrates ensemble aggregations and surrogate models, can be used to improve forecasting systems and further enable scientific process studies.
Non-classical correlations between photons and phonons of center-of-mass motion of a mechanical oscillator
Creators: name: Galinskiy, Ivan
name: Enzian, Georg
name: Parniak, Michał
name: Polzik, Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate non-classical correlations between phonons and photons created using opto-mechanical spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a system based on a soft-clamped ultracoherent membrane oscillator inside of a Fabry-Pérot optical resonator. Non-Gaussian quantum features are demonstrated for the center-of-mass motion of a sub-millimeter nanogram-scale mechanical oscillator. We show that phonons stored in the mechanical oscillator, when subsequently read out, display strong signs of quantum coherence, which we demonstrate by single-photon counting enabled by our state-of-the-art optical filtering system. We observe a violation of the classical two-time Cauchy-Schwarz inequality between a heralding write photon and a stored phonon with a confidence of $>92\%$.
description: New version! 6 pages, 4 figures + 4 pages, 5 figures supplement