cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Computational advantage from quantum superposition of multiple temporal orders of photonic gates
Creators: name: Taddei, Márcio M.
name: Cariñe, Jaime
name: Martínez, Daniel
name: García, Tania
name: Guerrero, Nayda
name: Abbott, Alastair A.
name: Araújo, Mateus
name: Branciard, Cyril
name: Gómez, Esteban S.
name: Walborn, Stephen P.
name: Aolita, Leandro
name: Lima, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models for quantum computation with circuit connections subject to the quantum superposition principle have been recently proposed. There, a control quantum system can coherently determine the order in which a target quantum system undergoes $N$ gate operations. This process, known as the quantum $N$-switch, is a resource for several information-processing tasks. In particular, it provides a computational advantage -- over fixed-gate-order quantum circuits -- for phase-estimation problems involving $N$ unknown unitary gates. However, the corresponding algorithm requires an experimentally unfeasible target-system dimension (super)exponential in $N$. Here, we introduce a promise problem for which the quantum $N$-switch gives an equivalent computational speed-up with target-system dimension as small as 2 regardless of $N$. We use state-of-the-art multi-core optical-fiber technology to experimentally demonstrate the quantum $N$-switch with $N=4$ gates acting on a photonic-polarization qubit. This is the first observation of a quantum superposition of more than $N=2$ temporal orders, demonstrating its usefulness for efficient phase-estimation.
description: Main text: 9 pages, 3 figures; total 15 pages, 5 figures
Improving local prevalence estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infections using a causal debiasing framework.
Creators: name: Nicholson, George
name: Lehmann, Brieuc
name: Padellini, Tullia
name: Pouwels, Koen B
name: Jersakova, Radka
name: Lomax, James
name: King, Ruairidh E
name: Mallon, Ann-Marie
name: Diggle, Peter J
name: Richardson, Sylvia
name: Blangiardo, Marta
name: Holmes, Chris
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Article
/692/308/174
/692/699/255/2514
article

description: Funder: Oxford University | Jesus College, University of Oxford; doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000645
description: Funder: Joint Biosecurity Centre
description: Global and national surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology is mostly based on targeted schemes focused on testing individuals with symptoms. These tested groups are often unrepresentative of the wider population and exhibit test positivity rates that are biased upwards compared with the true population prevalence. Such data are routinely used to infer infection prevalence and the effective reproduction number, Rt, which affects public health policy. Here, we describe a causal framework that provides debiased fine-scale spatiotemporal estimates by combining targeted test counts with data from a randomized surveillance study in the United Kingdom called REACT. Our probabilistic model includes a bias parameter that captures the increased probability of an infected individual being tested, relative to a non-infected individual, and transforms observed test counts to debiased estimates of the true underlying local prevalence and Rt. We validated our approach on held-out REACT data over a 7-month period. Furthermore, our local estimates of Rt are indicative of 1-week- and 2-week-ahead changes in SARS-CoV-2-positive case numbers. We also observed increases in estimated local prevalence and Rt that reflect the spread of the Alpha and Delta variants. Our results illustrate how randomized surveys can augment targeted testing to improve statistical accuracy in monitoring the spread of emerging and ongoing infectious disease.
Ephesiella Chamberlin 1919
Creators: name: Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.
name: Carrera-Parra, Luis F.
name: Muir, Alexander I.
name: León-González, Jesús Angel De
name: Piotrowski, Christina
name: Sato, Masanori
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Phyllodocida
Sphaerodoridae
Ephesiella

description: Ephesiella Chamberlin, 1919 gallardi Fauchald, 1974: Bay of Nha Trang, Vietnam. LACM 934
description: Published as part of Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., Carrera-Parra, Luis F., Muir, Alexander I., León-González, Jesús Angel De, Piotrowski, Christina & Sato, Masanori, 2014, Polychaete species (Annelida) described from the Philippine and China Seas, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 3842 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3842.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4928482
Aonides Claparede 1864
Creators: name: Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.
name: Carrera-Parra, Luis F.
name: Muir, Alexander I.
name: León-González, Jesús Angel De
name: Piotrowski, Christina
name: Sato, Masanori
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Spionida
Spionidae
Aonides

description: Aonides Claparède, 1864 diverapoda Hoagland, 1920: Taratara, Philippines. USNM 18961 (= Trochochaeta diverapoda fide Mackie 1990 a)
description: Published as part of Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., Carrera-Parra, Luis F., Muir, Alexander I., León-González, Jesús Angel De, Piotrowski, Christina & Sato, Masanori, 2014, Polychaete species (Annelida) described from the Philippine and China Seas, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 3842 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3842.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4928482
The Growth of Supermassive Black Holes and QSO Formation
Creators: name: Umemura, Masayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel mechanism to build up a supermassive black hole (SMBH) is proposed. Here, relativistic radiation-hydrodynamic processes are considered from a galactic scale to a horizon scale. In the present scenario, the mass of a SMBH is predicted to be in proportion to the bulge mass, and it turns out that the SMBH-to-bulge mass ratio is basically determined by the nuclear energy conversion efficiency from hydrogen to helium, $ε=0.007$. The BH hierarchy is also addressed in relation to the BH formation in globular clusters. Futhermore, a new picture for QSO formation is proposed based on the present SMBH formation scenario. It is predicted that a host luminosity-dominant ``proto-QSO phase'' exists before the QSO phase, and the proto-QSO phase is preceded by an optically-thick ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) phase.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Microspio Mesnil 1896
Creators: name: Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.
name: Carrera-Parra, Luis F.
name: Muir, Alexander I.
name: León-González, Jesús Angel De
name: Piotrowski, Christina
name: Sato, Masanori
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Spionida
Spionidae
Microspio

description: Microspio Mesnil, 1896 multidentata Zhou, Ji & Li, 2009: Changhe, Fujian, China. MBM 198608, MBM 198609-198611
description: Published as part of Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., Carrera-Parra, Luis F., Muir, Alexander I., León-González, Jesús Angel De, Piotrowski, Christina & Sato, Masanori, 2014, Polychaete species (Annelida) described from the Philippine and China Seas, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 3842 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3842.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4928482
title: Investigating the role of histones in fission yeast centromere function
Creators: name: Mellone, Barbara
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2002

description: The centromere is the chromosomal region which is responsible for the accurate segregation of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. Failure to properly segregate replicated chromosomes causes aneuploidy and contributes to cancer progression.
 Fission Yeast centromeres display several features in common with the centromeres of higher eukaryotes. They are assembled in a specialised silent heterochromatin composed of underacetylated histones and methylated histone H3.
 To investigate the role of histone H3 and H4 N-tails in centromere structure and function, conserved lysines of histone N-termini were mutated to mimic hyperacetylated or non-methylated states. Since the fission yeast haploid genome contains three copies of both histones H3 and H4, initially a strain harbouring a single H3 and H4 gene was generated and analysed. This phenotypically wild type strain provided a genetic background in which to perform site-directed mutagenesis of the histone tails. These mutants showed that the H4 tail is not critical for silencing, while the H3 tail plays an essential role and is required for centromere function.
 Centromeric nucleosomes contain an essential histone H3-like protein, CENP-A. Antibodies were raised against the fission yeast CENP-A homologue Cnpl and were used to map Cnp1 association with the central domain of the centromere. Cnp1 appears to replace histone H3 in this domain and can coat a large fragment of non-centromeric DMA artificially inserted within this centromeric domain. Futhermore, strains expressing more histone H3 than H4 showed delocalisation of Cnp1, alleviation of centromeric silencing and missegregation of chromosomes in mitosis indicating that a fine balance between histone H3 and H4 is important for centromere function and that histone H3 can compete with Cnp1 in nucleosome assembly.
Multi-Agent Meta-Reinforcement Learning for Self-Powered and Sustainable Edge Computing Systems
Creators: name: Munir, Md. Shirajum
name: Tran, Nguyen H.
name: Saad, Walid
name: Hong, Choong Seon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The stringent requirements of mobile edge computing (MEC) applications and functions fathom the high capacity and dense deployment of MEC hosts to the upcoming wireless networks. However, operating such high capacity MEC hosts can significantly increase energy consumption. Thus, a base station (BS) unit can act as a self-powered BS. In this paper, an effective energy dispatch mechanism for self-powered wireless networks with edge computing capabilities is studied. First, a two-stage linear stochastic programming problem is formulated with the goal of minimizing the total energy consumption cost of the system while fulfilling the energy demand. Second, a semi-distributed data-driven solution is proposed by developing a novel multi-agent meta-reinforcement learning (MAMRL) framework to solve the formulated problem. In particular, each BS plays the role of a local agent that explores a Markovian behavior for both energy consumption and generation while each BS transfers time-varying features to a meta-agent. Sequentially, the meta-agent optimizes (i.e., exploits) the energy dispatch decision by accepting only the observations from each local agent with its own state information. Meanwhile, each BS agent estimates its own energy dispatch policy by applying the learned parameters from meta-agent. Finally, the proposed MAMRL framework is benchmarked by analyzing deterministic, asymmetric, and stochastic environments in terms of non-renewable energy usages, energy cost, and accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed MAMRL model can reduce up to 11% non-renewable energy usage and by 22.4% the energy cost (with 95.8% prediction accuracy), compared to other baseline methods.
description: Accepted article by IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, DOI: 10.1109/TNSM.2021.3057960. Copyright 2021 IEEE
Nerine Johnston 1838
Creators: name: Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.
name: Carrera-Parra, Luis F.
name: Muir, Alexander I.
name: León-González, Jesús Angel De
name: Piotrowski, Christina
name: Sato, Masanori
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Spionida
Spionidae
Nerine

description: Nerine Johnston, 1838 faughni Gallardo, 1968: Nha Trang, Vietnam. LACM 289, MZUC 8242
description: Published as part of Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., Carrera-Parra, Luis F., Muir, Alexander I., León-González, Jesús Angel De, Piotrowski, Christina & Sato, Masanori, 2014, Polychaete species (Annelida) described from the Philippine and China Seas, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 3842 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3842.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4928482
Constraining Cosmological and Galaxy Parameters using Strong Gravitational Lensing Systems
Creators: name: Kumar, Darshan
name: Jain, Deepak
name: Mahajan, Shobhit
name: Mukherjee, Amitabha
name: Rani, Nisha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong gravitational lensing along with the distance sum rule method can constrain both cosmological parameters as well as density profiles of galaxies without assuming any fiducial cosmological model. To constrain galaxy parameters and cosmic curvature $(Ω_{k0})$, we use the distance ratio data from a recently compiled database of $161$ galactic scale strong lensing systems. We use databases of supernovae type-Ia (Pantheon) and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) for calculating the luminosity distance. To study the model of the lens galaxy, we consider a general lens model namely, the Extended Power-Law model. Further, we take into account two different parametrisations of the mass density power-law index $(γ)$ to study the dependence of $γ$ on redshift. The best value of $Ω_{k0}$ suggests a closed universe, though a flat universe is accommodated at $68\%$ confidence level. We find that parametrisations of $γ$ have a negligible impact on the best fit value of the cosmic curvature parameter. Furthermore, measurement of time delay can be a promising cosmographic probe via "time delay distance" that includes the ratio of distances between the observer, the lens and the source. We again use the distance sum rule method with time-delay distance dataset of H0LiCOW to put constraints on the Cosmic Distance Duality Relation (CDDR) and the cosmic curvature parameter $(Ω_{k0})$. For this we consider two different redshift-dependent parametrisations of the distance duality parameter $(η)$. The best fit value of $Ω_{k0}$ clearly indicates an open universe. However, a flat universe can be accommodated at $95\%$ confidence level. Further, at $95\%$ confidence level, no violation of CDDR is observed. We believe that a larger sample of strong gravitational lensing systems is needed in order to improve the constraints on the cosmic curvature and distance duality parameter.
description: 15 Pages, 6 Figures and 11 Tables. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Autonomous Planning Based on Spatial Concepts to Tidy Up Home Environments with Service Robots
Creators: name: Taniguchi, Akira
name: Isobe, Shota
name: Hafi, Lotfi El
name: Hagiwara, Yoshinobu
name: Taniguchi, Tadahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Tidy-up tasks by service robots in home environments are challenging in robotics applications because they involve various interactions with the environment. In particular, robots are required not only to grasp, move, and release various home objects but also to plan the order and positions for placing the objects. In this paper, we propose a novel planning method that can efficiently estimate the order and positions of the objects to be tidied up by learning the parameters of a probabilistic generative model. The model allows a robot to learn the distributions of the co-occurrence probability of the objects and places to tidy up using the multimodal sensor information collected in a tidied environment. Additionally, we develop an autonomous robotic system to perform the tidy-up operation. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method by an experimental simulation that reproduces the conditions of the Tidy Up Here task of the World Robot Summit 2018 international robotics competition. The simulation results show that the proposed method enables the robot to successively tidy up several objects and achieves the best task score among the considered baseline tidy-up methods.
description: This paper has been accepted to Advanced Robotics
Material design with the van der Waals stacking of bismuth-halide chains realizing a higher-order topological insulator
Creators: name: Noguchi, Ryo
name: Kobayashi, Masaru
name: Jiang, Zhanzhi
name: Kuroda, Kenta
name: Takahashi, Takanari
name: Xu, Zifan
name: Lee, Daehun
name: Hirayama, Motoaki
name: Ochi, Masayuki
name: Shirasawa, Tetsuroh
name: Zhang, Peng
name: Lin, Chun
name: Bareille, Cédric
name: Sakuragi, Shunsuke
name: Tanaka, Hiroaki
name: Kunisada, So
name: Kurokawa, Kifu
name: Yaji, Koichiro
name: Harasawa, Ayumi
name: Kandyba, Viktor
name: Giampietri, Alessio
name: Barinov, Alexei
name: Kim, Timur K.
name: Cacho, Cephise
name: Hashimoto, Makoto
name: Lu, Donghui
name: Shin, Shik
name: Arita, Ryotaro
name: Lai, Keji
name: Sasagawa, Takao
name: Kondo, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The van der Waals (vdW) materials with low dimensions have been extensively studied as a platform to generate exotic quantum properties. Advancing this view, a great deal of attention is currently paid to topological quantum materials with vdW structures. Here, we provide a new concept of designing topological materials by the vdW stacking of quantum spin Hall insulators (QSHIs). Most interestingly, a slight shift of inversion center in the unit cell caused by a modification of stacking is found to induce the topological variation from a trivial insulator to a higher-order topological insulator (HOTI). Based on that, we present the first experimental realization of a HOTI by investigating a bismuth bromide Bi4Br4 with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). The unique feature in bismuth halides capable of selecting various topology only by differently stacking chains, combined with the great advantage of the vdW structure, offers a fascinating playground for engineering topologically non-trivial edge-states toward future spintronics applications.
description: Nature Materials, in press. The final version of this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-00871-7
Polydora Bosc 1802
Creators: name: Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.
name: Carrera-Parra, Luis F.
name: Muir, Alexander I.
name: León-González, Jesús Angel De
name: Piotrowski, Christina
name: Sato, Masanori
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Spionida
Spionidae
Polydora

description: Polydora Bosc, 1802 cavitensis Pillai, 1965: Binkayan, Cavite, Manila, Philippines. RTS 22, NHM AN03 1965.33.30-33 fulva Grube, 1878: Bohol, Philippines. MPW 343, ZMB 4736 fusca Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000: Taiwan. ASIZ 54 mabinii Williams, 2001: Anilao, Philippines. USNM 187573, 187574 robi Williams, 2000: Mindoro, Philippines. USNM 186472, 186473–186481, AMNH 4218 triglanda Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000: Tanshui River estuary, Taiwan. ASIZ 65 umangivora Williams, 2001: Sombrero, Philippines. USNM 187553, 187547–187552, 187554–187572 AMNH 4251, 4252 villosa Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000: Taiwan. ASIZ 77
description: Published as part of Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., Carrera-Parra, Luis F., Muir, Alexander I., León-González, Jesús Angel De, Piotrowski, Christina & Sato, Masanori, 2014, Polychaete species (Annelida) described from the Philippine and China Seas, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 3842 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3842.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4928482
Additional file 1 of Randomized trial evaluating the effectiveness of within versus across-category front-of-package lower-calorie labelling on food demand
Creators: name: Finkelstein, Eric Andrew
name: Ang, Felicia Jia Ler
name: Doble, Brett
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Full category list, number of products, and percentage of products per category receiving the Lower Calorie Label in the Within-category and Across-category arms; Table S2. Group Shopping Order; Table S3. Regression Coefficients for Beverages Only with Moderator Mood (N = 184); Table S4. Regression Coefficients for Beverages Only with Moderator Hunger (N = 184).
title: Physical, Transcriptional and Comparative Mapping on the Human X Chromosome
Creators: name: Howell, Gareth Rhys
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2002

description: Progress in the study of the human genome has resulted in the production of a complete clone map and associated 'working draft' sequence. This will underpin the completion of the sequence itself, the annotation of genes and other features, and application of this new found knowledge. This thesis focuses on the evolving methods to determine the map, and to use the emerging sequence for the study of genes, incorporating new studies of other genomes to enhance progress in understanding and interpretation to biology and medicine. The success of the endeavours is necessarily accompanied by the development and evolution of new technologies and by critical assessment of the progress in acquiring knowledge of the genomic information.

 Evolution of mapping technologies included the development of the larger insert bacterial cloning systems (PACs) and (BACs), and an increase in available landmarks both from Y AC maps and RH maps. The work described in chapter 3, followed this evolution and was applied to construct a 6 Mb sequence-ready bacterial clone contig map in Xq22. A minimum set of clones was chosen for genomic sequencing. The resulting sequence map was compared to previously published maps and analysed both for common repeats, and previously unidentified low copy repeats.

 The availability of the emerging sequence of the human genome provided a resource for identification of the features encoded within. In chapter 4, the sequence of a 7 Mb region in Xq23-24 was analysed for the presence of genes using a combination of sequence similarity searches against both protein and DNA databases, and ab initio gene prediction. Predicted genes were confirmed where possible, by generating novel cDNA sequence. The region contained 33 confirmed genes (of which 14 were confirmed during this study), 11 predicted genes and 20 pseudogenes.

 Comparative genome sequence analysis is a powerful method both for aiding human gene identification and identifying other features encoded within the human genome such as regulatory elements. Comparing the genomes of two or more species also provides insights into the evolution of the species since the divergence from a common ancestor. Sequence from a 1 Mb region in human Xq24 was compared in two other species, mouse and zebrafish. In chapter 5, bacterial clone contigs for sequencing were constructed in the mouse by designing mouse-specific STSs orthologous to human sequence for clone isolation. In chapter 6, bacterial clone contigs for sequencing were constructed in zebrafish using STS from exons of human genes to identify zebrafish BAC clones by reduced stringency hybridisation. Comparative analysis of the region showed that humans and mice are more highly conserved than humans and zebrafish, in terms of gene content and organisation. A combination of comparative sequence analysis tools identified 14 novel potential conserved sequences between human and mouse, one of which was also conserved in zebrafish.
Fock-space relativistic coupled-cluster calculation of hyperfine induced $\bf {^1S_0 \rightarrow {^3P^o_0}}$ clock transition in Al$^+$
Creators: name: Kumar, Ravi
name: Chattopadhyay, S.
name: Angom, D.
name: Mani, B. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed an all-particle Fock-space relativistic coupled-cluster method to calculate the properties of two-valence atoms and ions. Using the method we compute the properties associated with hyperfine induced $^1S_0 - ^3P^o_0$ clock transition in Al$^+$. Our result of the $^3P^o_0$ metastable state life time, $20.20 \pm 0.91$ s, is in excellent agreement with the experimental value, $20.60 \pm 1.4$ s [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 98}, 220801 (2007)]. Our studies show that the contributions from the triple excitations, and the corrections from the Breit interaction and QED effects are essential to obtain accurate clock properties in Al$^+$.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, 6 tables
Observing the high redshift universe using the VIMOS-IFU
Creators: name: Foucaud, S.
name: Scodeggio, M.
name: Zanichelli, A.
name: Garilli, B.
name: Giallongo, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the advantages of using Integral Field Spectroscopy to observe deep fields of galaxy. The VIMOS Integral Field Unit is particularly suitable for this kind of studies thanks to its large field-of-view (~ 1 arcmin^2). After a short description of the VIMOS-IFU data reduction, we detail the main scientific issues which can be addressed using observations of the Hubble Deep Field South with a combination of Integral Field Spectroscopy and broad band optical and Near-Infrared imaging.
description: 4 pages, accepted for publishing in AN (ref. proc. of Euro3D Science workshop, IoA Cambridge, May 2003)
Pre-existing polymerase-specific T cells expand in abortive seronegative SARS-CoV-2.
Creators: name: Swadling, Leo
name: Diniz, Mariana O
name: Schmidt, Nathalie M
name: Amin, Oliver E
name: Chandran, Aneesh
name: Shaw, Emily
name: Pade, Corinna
name: Gibbons, Joseph M
name: Le Bert, Nina
name: Tan, Anthony T
name: Jeffery-Smith, Anna
name: Tan, Cedric CS
name: Tham, Christine YL
name: Kucykowicz, Stephanie
name: Aidoo-Micah, Gloryanne
name: Rosenheim, Joshua
name: Davies, Jessica
name: Johnson, Marina
name: Jensen, Melanie P
name: Joy, George
name: McCoy, Laura E
name: Valdes, Ana M
name: Chain, Benjamin M
name: Goldblatt, David
name: Altmann, Daniel M
name: Boyton, Rosemary J
name: Manisty, Charlotte
name: Treibel, Thomas A
name: Moon, James C
name: COVIDsortium Investigators
name: Van Dorp, Lucy
name: Balloux, Francois
name: McKnight, Áine
name: Noursadeghi, Mahdad
name: Bertoletti, Antonio
name: Maini, Mala K
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Article
/631/250/2152/1566/1571
/631/250/254
/631/250/1619/554
/631/326/596/4130
/13/1
/13/31
/13/106
/82/75
article

description: Individuals with potential exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) do not necessarily develop PCR or antibody positivity, suggesting that some individuals may clear subclinical infection before seroconversion. T cells can contribute to the rapid clearance of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronavirus infections1-3. Here we hypothesize that pre-existing memory T cell responses, with cross-protective potential against SARS-CoV-2 (refs. 4-11), would expand in vivo to support rapid viral control, aborting infection. We measured SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells, including those against the early transcribed replication-transcription complex (RTC)12,13, in intensively monitored healthcare workers (HCWs) who tested repeatedly negative according to PCR, antibody binding and neutralization assays (seronegative HCWs (SN-HCWs)). SN-HCWs had stronger, more multispecific memory T cells compared with a cohort of unexposed individuals from before the pandemic (prepandemic cohort), and these cells were more frequently directed against the RTC than the structural-protein-dominated responses observed after detectable infection (matched concurrent cohort). SN-HCWs with the strongest RTC-specific T cells had an increase in IFI27, a robust early innate signature of SARS-CoV-2 (ref. 14), suggesting abortive infection. RNA polymerase within RTC was the largest region of high sequence conservation across human seasonal coronaviruses (HCoV) and SARS-CoV-2 clades. RNA polymerase was preferentially targeted (among the regions tested) by T cells from prepandemic cohorts and SN-HCWs. RTC-epitope-specific T cells that cross-recognized HCoV variants were identified in SN-HCWs. Enriched pre-existing RNA-polymerase-specific T cells expanded in vivo to preferentially accumulate in the memory response after putative abortive compared to overt SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data highlight RTC-specific T cells as targets for vaccines against endemic and emerging Coronaviridae.
Generalized Laplacian decomposition of vector fields on fractal surfaces
Creators: name: Campos, Daniel González
name: de la Rosa, Marco Antonio Pérez
name: Reyes, Juan Bory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the behavior of generalized Laplacian vector fields on a Jordan domain of $\mathbb{R}^{3}$ with fractal boundary. Our approach is based on properties of the Teodorescu transform and suitable extension of the vector fields. Specifically, the present article addresses the decomposition problem of a Hölder continuous vector field on the boundary (also called reconstruction problem) into the sum of two generalized Laplacian vector fields in the domain and in the complement of its closure, respectively. In addition, conditions on a Hölder continuous vector field on the boundary to be the trace of a generalized Laplacian vector field in the domain are also established.
Cropland Reflux: Trends In and Locations of Land Use Change in the Dakotas, 2007 to 2012 and 2012 to 2017
Creators: name: Wang, Tong
name: Ayesh, Abubakr
name: Hennessy, David
name: Feng, Hongli
name: Wang, Tong
name: Ayesh, Abubakr
name: Hennessy, David
name: Feng, Hongli
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: land use conversion
subject: cropland data layer (CDL)
subject: commodity prices
subject: South Dakota
subject: North Dakota

description: This article analyzed land use trends in South and North Dakota over the 2007-2012 and 2012-2017 periods using USDA NASS cropland data layer (CDL) data. Most grassland to cropland conversions occurred during the 2007-2012 period. In South Dakota, nearly 20% of grassland in 2007 was converted to cropland in 2012. During the 2012 to 2017 period, substantial reversion to grass occurred. Land use change trends in North Dakota were similar to those in South Dakota over the 2007-2012 time frame, with a high grassland to cropland conversion rate during 2007-2012 (19.90%) and a greatly curtailed conversion rate during 2012-2017 period (7.81%). To a large degree, changes in land conversion trends in the Dakotas between 2007-2012 and 2012-2017 can be attributed to changing crop prices. Yet due to the "hysteresis" phenomena, even though crop prices have been overall declining since 2012, grassland acres in the future are not likely to revert to the same level as 2007.
A Replication Package For The Paper "Anti-bloater Class Restructuring: An Exploratory Study"
Creators: name: Jo\~Ao Paulo L. Machado
name: Sobrinho, V. P.
name: Maia, Marcelo A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: refactoring
temporal analysis
predictive models

description: This is the replication package for the paper: Anti-bloater class restructuring: an exploratory study.
Spin switch and spin amplifier: magnetic bipolar transistor in the saturation regime
Creators: name: Fabian, Jaroslav
name: Zutic, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that magnetic bipolar transistors (MBT) can amplify currents even in the saturation regime, in which both the emitter-base and collector-base junctions are forward biased. The collector current and the current gain can change sign as they depend on the relative orientation of the equilibrium spin in the base and on the nonequilibrium spin in the emitter and collector. The predicted phenomena should be useful for electrical detection of nonequilibrium spins in semiconductors, as well as for magnetic control of current amplification and for current switching.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures; paper to a presentation at XXXIII International School on the Physics of Semiconductor Compounds Jaszowiec 2004
Additional file 1 of School health in Europe: a review of workforce expenditure across five countries
Creators: name: Pol, Simon Van Der
name: Postma, Maarten J.
name: Jansen, Danielle E. M. C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Online appendix. Online appendix containing additional tables (public data sources, survey results and workforce cost estimations) and a figure detailing the calculation steps.
Host galaxies and black hole masses of low and high luminosity radio loud active nuclei
Creators: name: Falomo, Renato
name: Carangelo, Nicoletta
name: Treves, Aldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the host galaxy luminosities of BL Lac Objects (BLLs) and Radio Loud Quasars (RLQs) at z<0.5 imaged with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). From a homogeneous treatment of the data we construct the host galaxy luminosity functions (HGLFs) and find that RLQ hosts are ~0.5 mag brighter than those of BLL: _BLL= -23.5. For both classes the HGLFs exhibit a remarkably different distribution with respect to that of normal (inactive) ellipticals, with clear preference for more luminous galaxies to show nuclear activity. We make use of the black hole mass -- bulge luminosity (M[BH] -L[bulge]) relation, derived for nearby inactive ellipticals, to estimate the central black hole mass in our sample of radio loud active galaxies. In spite of a ~2 order of magnitude difference of intrinsic nuclear luminosity BLL and RLQ have BH of similar mass _BLL= 5.6x10^{8},
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 7 pages, 5 postscript figures
Surrogate-free machine learning-based organ dose reconstruction for pediatric abdominal radiotherapy
Creators: name: Virgolin, M.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Balgobind, B. V.
name: van Dijk, I. W. E. M.
name: Wiersma, J.
name: Kroon, P. S.
name: Janssens, G. O.
name: van Herk, M.
name: Hodgson, D. C.
name: Zaletel, L. Zadravec
name: Rasch, C. R. N.
name: Bel, A.
name: Bosman, P. A. N.
name: Alderliesten, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To study radiotherapy-related adverse effects, detailed dose information (3D distribution) is needed for accurate dose-effect modeling. For childhood cancer survivors who underwent radiotherapy in the pre-CT era, only 2D radiographs were acquired, thus 3D dose distributions must be reconstructed from limited information. State-of-the-art methods achieve this by using 3D surrogate anatomies. These can lack personalization and lead to coarse reconstructions. We present and validate a surrogate-free dose reconstruction method based on Machine Learning (ML). Abdominal planning CTs ($n$=142) of recently-treated childhood cancer patients were gathered, their organs at risk were segmented, and 300 artificial Wilms' tumor plans were sampled automatically. Each artificial plan was automatically emulated on the 142 CTs, resulting in 42,600 3D dose distributions from which dose-volume metrics were derived. Anatomical features were extracted from digitally reconstructed radiographs simulated from the CTs to resemble historical radiographs. Further, patient and radiotherapy plan features typically available from historical treatment records were collected. An evolutionary ML algorithm was then used to link features to dose-volume metrics. Besides 5-fold cross-validation, a further evaluation was done on an independent dataset of five CTs each associated with two clinical plans. Cross-validation resulted in Mean Absolute Errors (MAEs) $\leq$0.6 Gy for organs completely inside or outside the field. For organs positioned at the edge of the field, MAEs $\leq$1.7 Gy for D$_{mean}$, $\leq$2.9 Gy for D$_{2cc}$, and $\leq$13% for V$_{5Gy}$ and V$_{10Gy}$, were obtained, without systematic bias. Similar results were found for the independent dataset. Our novel, ML-based organ dose reconstruction method is not only accurate but also efficient, as the setup of a surrogate is no longer needed.
description: M. Virgolin and Z. Wang share first authorship
A non-abelian Seiberg-Witten invariant for integral homology 3-spheres
Creators: name: Lim, Yuhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R57, 57M27

description: A new diffeomorphism invariant of integral homology 3-spheres is defined using a non-abelian 'quaternionic' version of the Seiberg-Witten equations.
description: Published by Geometry and Topology at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/gt/GTVol7/paper28.abs.html
Effects of Different Water Treatment on Yield and Agronomic Traits of Wheat
Creators: name: WANG, Weiwei
name: YU, Liang
name: NIU, Liya
name: WANG, Wei
name: LU, Li
name: WANG, Fengzhi
name: ZHAO, Songshan
name: WANG, Weiwei
name: YU, Liang
name: NIU, Liya
name: WANG, Wei
name: LU, Li
name: WANG, Fengzhi
name: ZHAO, Songshan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Wheat, Yield, Irrigation, Agronomic traits

description: In order to make clear the effects of water on yield and agronomic traits of wheat in Cangzhou, 18 wheat cultivars from north part of Huanghuai Plain were collected for spring irrigation. The indoor and field surveys were used to analyze the effects of irrigation frequency on stem tiller situation, leaf area coefficient, yield and other traits of different wheat cultivars. The results indicated that the average yield of irrigation 1 increased by 68.07 kg compared with that of irrigation 0, while the average yield of irrigation 2 increased by 60.00 kg compared with that of irrigation 1. The survey of flag leaf area of wheat cultivars at the grain filling stage showed that the leaf area of irrigation 0 was the smallest (18.15 cm2 on average), the leaf area of irrigation 1 was 20.34 cm2, and the leaf area of irrigation 2 was 24.05 cm2. With the increase in the irrigation times, the volume weight of wheat cultivars declined, the number of infertile spikelet dropped, and the plant height gradually increased. In conclusion, every decrease of one time of irrigation times, there will be loss of yield about 60.00 kg.
An Empirical Study on Agritainment Consumption Behavior of Urban Residents —— A Case Study of Huangpi District of Wuhan City
Creators: name: XIAO, Xiao
name: XIAO, Xiao
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agritainment, Rural tourism, Consumption behavior, Huangpi District

description: Based on the theory of consumer behavior, with reference to theories of the tourism, according to EBM model in consumer behavior model, it analyzed the agritainment consumption behavior through building a three-stage model for the agritainment consumption behavior, namely decision stage before travel, travel stage, and evaluation stage after consumption. Taking the urban residents of Huangpi District of Wuhan City as the research objects, using SPSS software, it designed the questionnaire and conducted the survey of agritainment tourists, and analyzed basic characteristics of tourists and their consumption behavior characteristics. In conclusion, the age of tourists has a significant influence on their choice of destination, information channel, and entertainment activities. It is recommended that operators of agritainment can set up entertainment activities according to different age of tourists and transmit information to the right tourists in the right place.
title: The Design and Development of a Recirculating Water Channel: A Critical Assessment
Creators: name: Millward, Adrian
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2001

description: The thesis critically assesses the design, development and equipment of a recirculating water channel: the channel in the Department of Engineering at the University of Liverpool It is intended to provide a valuable reference manual for such facilities.

 The channel is a versatile item of equipment wliich can be used in four different configurations:- as a free surface water channel, including the ability to simulate shallow water and also to generate regular head waves; as a water tunnel; as a free surface cavitation channel or as a cavitation tunnel, with a minimum pressure of 1/30 atmosphere. Uie working section is 3.66m long, 1.4m wide and 0.84m deep with a maximum water speed of 5.7 m/s.

The thesis includes:

 1. A description of the water channel in its four configurations and earlier development of a jet injection system to overcome a velocity defect at the water surface.

 The flow velocity in tlie working section and methods of flow measurement are discussed together with new measurements of turbulence velocity and the time to reach equilibrium speed.

 The wavemaker has been shown to produce waves which are good approximations to a sinusoidal shape at low water speeds and can be maintained over a long period of time. At higher speeds it was found that the wave shape progressively degenerated; methods for improving the wave-maker are suggested.

 2. The force measuring equipment is reviewed including a dynamometer for ship models and a miniature version for much smaller forces obtained on sea shells at low water speeds.

 3. The principles of model testing are discussed together with a technique for measuring the actual wetted surface area in the case of fast ships. A new experimental and theoretical investigation into the effect of model size relative to the size of the working section is reported.

 4. A final chapter reviews the design of the flume and all its equipment. Suggestions are made for further improvements suitable for a future water channel.
Polydorella Augener 1914
Creators: name: Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.
name: Carrera-Parra, Luis F.
name: Muir, Alexander I.
name: León-González, Jesús Angel De
name: Piotrowski, Christina
name: Sato, Masanori
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Spionida
Spionidae
Polydorella

description: Polydorella Augener, 1914 dawydoffi Radashevsky, 1996: Tre-Island, Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam. ZRC 1989 2-11 kamakamai Williams, 2004: Puerto Galera, Philippines. USNM 1008710, 1008711–1008712
description: Published as part of Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., Carrera-Parra, Luis F., Muir, Alexander I., León-González, Jesús Angel De, Piotrowski, Christina & Sato, Masanori, 2014, Polychaete species (Annelida) described from the Philippine and China Seas, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 3842 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3842.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4928482
Tunable Flux through a Synthetic Hall Tube of Neutral Fermions
Creators: name: Luo, Xi-Wang
name: Zhang, Jing
name: Zhang, Chuanwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hall tube with a tunable flux is an important geometry for studying quantum Hall physics, but its experimental realization in real space is still challenging. Here, we propose to realize a synthetic Hall tube with tunable flux in a one-dimensional optical lattice with the synthetic ring dimension defined by atomic hyperfine states. We investigate the effects of the flux on the system topology and study its quench dynamics. Utilizing the tunable flux, we show how to realize topological charge pumping, where interesting charge flow and transport are observed in rotated spin basis. Finally, we show that the recently observed quench dynamics in a synthetic Hall tube can be explained by the random flux existing in the experiment.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
Adaptive mesh refinement for conservative systems: multi-dimensional efficiency evaluation
Creators: name: Keppens, R.
name: Nool, M.
name: Toth, G.
name: Goedbloed, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Obtainable computational efficiency is evaluated when using an Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) strategy in time accurate simulations governed by sets of conservation laws. For a variety of 1D, 2D, and 3D hydro- and magnetohydrodynamic simulations, AMR is used in combination with several shock-capturing, conservative discretization schemes. Solution accuracy and execution times are compared with static grid simulations at the corresponding high resolution and time spent on AMR overhead is reported. Our examples reach corresponding efficiencies of 5 to 20 in multidimensional calculations and only 1.5 -- 8 % overhead is observed. For AMR calculations of multi-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic problems, several strategies for controlling the $\nabla \cdot \BB =0$ constraint are examined. Three source term approaches suitable for cell-centered $\BB$ representations are shown to be effective. For 2D and 3D calculations where a transition to a more globally turbulent state takes place, it is advocated to use an approximate Riemann solver based discretization at the highest allowed level(s), in combination with the robust Total Variation Diminishing Lax-Friedrichs method on the coarser levels. This level-dependent use of the spatial discretization acts as a computationally efficient, hybrid scheme.
description: Published in Computer Physics Communications, figures absent due to file sizes, complete version at http://www.phys.uu.nl/~toth/