cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
UltraLogLog: A Practical and More Space-Efficient Alternative to HyperLogLog for Approximate Distinct Counting
Creators: name: Ertl, Otmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Since its invention HyperLogLog has become the standard algorithm for approximate distinct counting. Due to its space efficiency and suitability for distributed systems, it is widely used and also implemented in numerous databases. This work presents UltraLogLog, which shares the same practical properties as HyperLogLog. It is commutative, idempotent, mergeable, and has a fast guaranteed constant-time insert operation. At the same time, it requires 28% less space to encode the same amount of distinct count information, which can be extracted using the maximum likelihood method. Alternatively, a simpler and faster estimator is proposed, which still achieves a space reduction of 24%, but at an estimation speed comparable to that of HyperLogLog. In a non-distributed setting where martingale estimation can be used, UltraLogLog is able to reduce space by 17%. Moreover, its smaller entropy and its 8-bit registers lead to better compaction when using standard compression algorithms. All this is verified by experimental results that are in perfect agreement with the theoretical analysis which also outlines potential for even more space-efficient data structures. A production-ready Java implementation of UltraLogLog has been released as part of the open-source Hash4j library.
description: 25 pages, extended version, accepted at VLDB 2024
Method of Measurement of CO2 Adsorbed into α-Cyclodextrin by Infra-Red CO2 Probe
Creators: name: Ho, Thao M.
name: Tuyen, Truong
name: Howes, Tony
name: Bhesh R. Bhandari
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: A simple CO2 probe system for quantifying CO2 gas adsorbed in solid matrix of α-cyclodextrin powder (α-CD) by measuring the gas concentration in the headspace was developed and validated. The essential components of this system are an infrared CO2 probe and an air tight chamber equipped with a two-fan system to uniformly mix the relatively high density CO2 gas. First, a known weight of dry ice (considered as pure CO2) was used to create different amounts of CO2 in the headspace of the chamber, and the resultant gas concentrations were measured by the probe and gas chromatography. The gas concentrations measured by both methods were quite similar (R2 = 0.9950), and the calculated amount of dry-ice in the headspace using the probe was highly comparable to the amount of dry ice initially added in the chamber (R2 = 0.9970). This system was then tested to measure adsorbed CO2 content in CO2-α-CD complexed powder by using water injection to release CO2 from the complexed powder into the headspace. The measured results using this system were quite similar (R2 = 0.9972) to those determined by a conventional acid-base titration method.
Primary and Secondary Order Parameters in the Fully Frustrated Transverse Field Ising Model on the Square Lattice
Creators: name: Schumm, Gabe
name: Shao, Hui
name: Guo, Wenan
name: Mila, Frédéric
name: Sandvik, Anders W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using quantum Monte Carlo simulations and field-theory arguments, we study the fully frustrated (Villain) transverse-field Ising model on the square lattice. We consider a "primary" spin order parameter and a "secondary" dimer order parameter, which both lead to the same phase diagram but detect $Z_8$ and $Z_4$ symmetry, respectively. The spin order scales with conventional exponents, both in the finite temperature critical phase and at the $T = 0$ quantum critical point. The scaling of the dimer order requires more detailed investigations of the applicable low-energy theories; the height model at $T > 0$ and the $O(2)$ model in 2+1 dimensions at $T = 0$. Relating the order parameters to operators in these effective models, we predict the secondary critical exponents and confirm them numerically. The relationships between the primary and secondary order parameters have not been previously discussed in this context and provide insight more broadly for Ising models whose low-energy physics involves dimer degrees of freedom.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures
شروع به جرم ،جرم عقیم و محال با نگاه به مساله تجری
Creators: name: Sarkhosh, Javad
name: سیده زهرا کیمیا
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: تجری، جرم عقیم، جرم محال، شروع به جرم

description: این مقاله به بررسی مقدمات جرم پرداخته وتعریفی از جرم ،شروع به جرم ، جرم عقیم وجرم محال ارایه نموده است . ضمن بررسی این مفاهیم به بررسی مفهوم تجری نیز پرداخته است و سعی نموده رابطه ای بین واژه اخیر و سایر واژه ها ی ذکر شده برقرار کند . در خصوص حکم تجری سه نظریه وجود دارد:1- تحریم که نظر آخوند خراسانی است،وی معتقد است نفس جرات بر مولی حرام و مستحق مجازات است . 2- عدم تحریم که رای شیخ انصاری است که وی عقیده دارد تجری فقط قبح فاعلی دارد و متجری مستحق مجازا ت و عقاب نیست .3- قول به تفصیل که نظر صاحب فصول است . مهم ترین مصداق متجری در مقررات حقوقی مرتکبان جرایم ناقص مانند شروع به جرم ، جرم عقیم وجرم محال هستند. قانونگذار در قوانین فعلی واکنش علیه انواع متجری را نپذیرفته است .به نظر می رسد بنا به دیدگاه فقها و اصولیین و دید گاههای جرم شناسی ،لازم است واکنش مقتضی علیه متجریان صورت گیرد تا جامعه از امنیت روانی وحتی جانی برخوردار شود . در قانون مجازات فعلی ایران ،شروع به جرم نیز جرم نبوده مگر آن مقدمات خود فعلی باشد که از نظر قانونگذار جرم محسوب شده باشد .
Controlled asymmetric Ising model implemented with parametric micromechanical oscillators
Creators: name: Han, C.
name: Wang, M.
name: Zhang, B.
name: Dykman, M. I.
name: Chan, H. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Asymmetric Ising model, in which coupled spins affect each other differently, plays an important role in diverse fields, from physics to biology to artificial intelligence. We show that coupled parametric oscillators provide a well-controlled and fully characterizable physical system to implement the model. Such oscillators are bistable. The coupling changes the rate of interstate switching of an oscillator depending on the state of other oscillators. Our experiment on two coupled micromechanical resonators reveals unusual features of asymmetric Ising systems, including the onset of a probability current that circulates in the stationary state. We relate the asymmetry to the exponentially strong effect of a periodic force on the switching rates of an individual parametric oscillator, which we measure. Our findings open the possibilities of constructing and exploring asymmetric Ising systems with controlled parameters and connectivity.
Suppression of Chemotactic Blowup by Strong Buoyancy in Stokes-Boussinesq Flow with Cold Boundary
Creators: name: Hu, Zhongtian
name: Kiselev, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we show that the Keller-Segel equation equipped with zero Dirichlet Boundary condition and actively coupled to a Stokes-Boussinesq flow is globally well-posed provided that the coupling is sufficiently large. We will in fact show that the dynamics is quenched after certain time. In particular, such active coupling is blowup-suppressing in the sense that it enforces global regularity for some initial data leading to a finite-time singularity when the flow is absent.
description: 34 pages; acknowledgement added
Multi-scale modelling and optimisation of sustainable chemical processes
Creators: name: Gonzalez Garay, Andres
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: This dissertation explores the process modelling and optimisation of chemical processes under sustainability criteria. Resting on process systems engineering techniques combined with life cycle assessment (LCA), we present implementation strategies to improve flowsheet performance and reduce environmental impacts from early design stages. We first address the relevance of sustainability assessments in the sector and present process and environmental modelling techniques available. Under the observation that chemical processes are subject to market, technical, and environmental fluctuations, we next present an approach to account for these uncertainties. Process optimisation is then tackled by combining surrogate modelling, objective-reduction, and multi-criteria decision analysis tools. The framework proved the enhancement of the assessments by reducing the use of computational resources and allowing the ranking of optimal alternatives based on the concept of efficiency. We finally introduce a scheme to assess sustainable performance at a multi-scale level, from catalysis development to planet implications. This approach aims to provide insights about the role of catalysis and establish priorities for process development, while also introducing absolute sustainability metrics via the concept of ‘Planetary boundaries’. Ultimately, this allows a clear view of the impact that a process incurs in the current and future status of the Earth. The capabilities of the methods developed are tested in relevant applications that address challenges in the sector to attain sustainable performance. We present how concepts like circular economy, waste valorisation, and renewable raw materials can certainly bring benefits to the industry compared to their fossil-based alternatives. However, we also show that the development of new processes and technologies is very likely to shift environmental impacts from one category to another, concluding that cross-sectorial cooperation will become essential to meet sustainability targets, such as those determined by the Sustainable Development Goals.
Glyptothorax cous
Creators: name: Sayyadzadeh, Golnaz
name: Esmaeili, Hamid Reza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Siluriformes
Sisoridae
Glyptothorax
Glyptothorax cous

description: 212. Glyptothorax cous (Linnaeus, 1766)
Common name. Catfish
Taxonomy. Original description: Silurus cous Linnaeus, 1766: 504 [Qweik River, at Aleppo, Syria; holotype: BMNH 1955.6.25.2].
Revisions. Freyhof et al. (2021: 465), Sayyadzadeh et al. (2022).
Illustrations. Freyhof et al. (2021: figs. 10-17), Sayyadzadeh et al. (2022: 22, fig. 9).
Distribution in Iran. —Distribution in River Basin: Tigris.—Distribution in Ecoregions: 441-Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris & Euphrates.
Status in Iran. [Native].—Gorbemahi.—First record from Iran by Sayyadzadeh et al. (2022).—Iran material: ZM-CBSU.
Conservation. —IUCN: NE.
description: Published as part of Sayyadzadeh, Golnaz & Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, 2024, Freshwater lamprey and fishes of Iran: Reappraisal and updated checklist with a note on Eagderi et al. (2022), pp. 1-99 in Zootaxa 5402 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5402.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10524097
Neutrophils in respiratory syncytial virus infection
Creators: name: Kirsebom, Freja
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections, especially in infants. In clinical studies of RSV infection, neutrophils have long been implicated as drivers of disease severity as they make up the vast majority of the cellular composition of the airways of infants hospitalised with severe disease. Furthermore, a transcriptomic analysis found that genes related to neutrophil function were over-expressed in infants hospitalised with severe RSV infections. Although airway neutrophilia is a hallmark of severe RSV disease, the mechanisms underlying neutrophil recruitment and activation in the lung are not yet well understood. Furthermore, it is unclear whether airway neutrophilia during RSV infection contributes to viral control and/or drives disease severity. Mechanistic studies into the role of neutrophils during RSV infection in murine and bovine models of disease have suggested that neutrophils may release NETs in response to RSV but whether this causes lung pathology in a manner which affects the outcome of disease is unknown. In these studies, the innate immune signalling pathways underlying neutrophil recruitment and activation in RSV-infected mice were investigated. MyD88/TRIF signalling was found to be essential for lung neutrophil recruitment while MAVS signalling, leading to type I IFN production, was necessary for neutrophil activation. Furthermore, antibody mediated neutrophil depletion was used to investigate the role of neutrophils during RSV infection. Neutrophils were not required for the production type I interferons (IFNs) in response to RSV, nor did neutrophils contribute to viral control. Neutrophil depletion also demonstrated that neutrophil recruitment during primary RSV infection was not required for the formation of memory T cell responses during RSV re-challenge. Neither neutrophil removal nor the enhancement of airway neutrophilia, by administration of the chemoattractant CXCL1 following RSV infection, affected disease severity as measured by weight loss. However, increased airway neutrophilia pre-infection, as established by administration of CXCL1, enhanced disease severity as measured by weight loss during RSV infection. This was associated with an enhanced recruitment of CD8+ T cells to the lung at the peak of disease. This study found that two distinct pathogen sensing pathways must collaborate for neutrophil recruitment and activation during RSV infection. Furthermore, although neutrophil recruitment in response to RSV does not appear to drive disease in mice, pre-existing infections or conditions which heighten airway neutrophilia may contribute to disease severity during RSV infection.
Markers for Distinguishing Cultured Human Corneal Endothelial Cells from Corneal Stromal Myofibroblasts
Creators: name: Yamaguchi, Masahiro
name: Shima, Nobuyuki
name: Kimoto, Miwa
name: Ebihara, Nobuyuki
name: Murakami, Akira
name: Yamagami, Satoru
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Microbiology
subject: Medicine
subject: Engineering

description: Purpose: Eliminating contamination by corneal stromal cells is critical when preparing cultured human corneal endothelial cells (CECs) transplantation. We investigated markers for the purification of cultured human CECs and markers for excluding cultured human corneal stromal myofibroblasts (CSMFs) from cultured human CECs.Materials and methods: CECs and CSMFs were obtained from human donor corneas by culturing separately in serum-containing medium. Candidate markers of CECs and CSMFs were screened with microarray analysis in the fourth passaged CECs and CSMFs. Then, selected factors were evaluated in reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry to investigate differential markers for each cell.Results: Among the genes identified by microarray analysis, cultured human CECs, but not CSMFs, expressed integrin alpha 3 (ITGA3 and CD49c) protein according to immunocytochemistry and western blotting. Iroquois homeobox 2 (IRX2) gene was a marker that distinguished CSMFs from cultured human CECs by RT-PCR. The IRX2 gene can be used as a marker of CSMFs contaminating cultured CECs.Conclusion: These molecules could be important markers for the production of highly purified cultured CECs for regenerative medicine.
Self-explainable Graph Neural Network for Alzheimer's Disease And Related Dementias Risk Prediction
Creators: name: Hu, Xinyue
name: Sun, Zenan
name: Nian, Yi
name: Wang, Yichen
name: Dang, Yifang
name: Li, Fang
name: Feng, Jingna
name: Yu, Evan
name: Tao, Cui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background:
 Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) ranks as the sixth leading cause of death in the US, underlining the importance of accurate ADRD risk prediction. While recent advancement in ADRD risk prediction have primarily relied on imaging analysis, yet not all patients undergo medical imaging before an ADRD diagnosis. Merging machine learning with claims data can reveal additional risk factors and uncover interconnections among diverse medical codes.
 Objective:
 Our goal is to utilize Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) with claims data for ADRD risk prediction. Addressing the lack of human-interpretable reasons behind these predictions, we introduce an innovative method to evaluate relationship importance and its influence on ADRD risk prediction, ensuring comprehensive interpretation.
 Methods:
 We employed Variationally Regularized Encoder-decoder Graph Neural Network (VGNN) for estimating ADRD likelihood. We created three scenarios to assess the model's efficiency, using Random Forest and Light Gradient Boost Machine as baselines. We further used our relation importance method to clarify the key relationships for ADRD risk prediction.
 Results:
 VGNN surpassed other baseline models by 10% in the area under the receiver operating characteristic. The integration of the GNN model and relation importance interpretation could potentially play an essential role in providing valuable insight into factors that may contribute to or delay ADRD progression.
 Conclusions:
 Employing a GNN approach with claims data enhances ADRD risk prediction and provides insights into the impact of interconnected medical code relationships. This methodology not only enables ADRD risk modeling but also shows potential for other image analysis predictions using claims data.
Risk assessments for chronic exposure of children and prospective parents to ethylbenzene (CAS No. 100-41-4)
Creators: name: Sweeney, Lisa M.
name: Kester, Janet E.
name: Kirman, Christopher R.
name: P. Robinan Gentry
name: Banton, Marcy I.
name: Bus, James S.
name: Gargas, Michael L.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Cancer
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Biochemistry

description: Potential chronic health risks for children and prospective parents exposed to ethylbenzene were evaluated in response to the Voluntary Children's Chemical Evaluation Program. Ethylbenzene exposure was found to be predominately via inhalation with recent data demonstrating continuing decreases in releases and both outdoor and indoor concentrations over the past several decades. The proportion of ethylbenzene in ambient air that is attributable to the ethylbenzene/styrene chain of commerce appears to be relatively very small, less than 0.1% based on recent relative emission estimates. Toxicity reference values were derived from the available data, with physiologically based pharmacokinetic models and benchmark dose methods used to assess dose–response relationships. An inhalation non-cancer reference concentration or RfC of 0.3 parts per million (ppm) was derived based on ototoxicity. Similarly, an oral non-cancer reference dose or RfD of 0.5 mg/kg body weight/day was derived based on liver effects. For the cancer assessment, emphasis was placed upon mode of action information. Three of four rodent tumor types were determined not to be relevant to human health. A cancer reference value of 0.48 ppm was derived based on mouse lung tumors. The risk characterization for ethylbenzene indicated that even the most highly exposed children and prospective parents are not at risk for non-cancer or cancer effects of ethylbenzene.
Discovery of novel macrocyclic peptide inhibitors of CD59 through chemical biology
Creators: name: Bickel, Jasmine Kaileigh
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for various cancers, with several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) having reached clinical trials or receiving FDA approval. mAbs function through several mechanisms of action, including complement dependent cytotoxicity (CdC). CdC activates the terminal pathway of the complement system to form membrane attack complex (MAC) pores on the tumour cell membrane, resulting in lysis. However, resistance or unresponsiveness to treatment remain serious barriers to full therapeutic benefit. One of the most prominent mechanisms of evasion is through overexpression of membrane bound complement regulatory proteins on the tumour cell surface, in particular CD59. Inhibitors of CD59 function therefore offer a promising therapeutic avenue to enhance the efficacy of mAb cancer therapies. Streptococcus intermedius intermedilysin (ILY) is a bacterial pore forming toxin which hijacks CD59 binding to promote pore formation on host cell membranes. The recombinant domain 4 of ILY, rILYd4, has been proposed as an inhibitor of CD59 function, however its therapeutic potential is limited by immunogenicity and poor metabolic stability. Using a co crystal structure of the ILY CD59 complex, cyclic peptides were developed based on the primary binding interface of these two proteins. Strategies to improve membrane anchoring and beta-hairpin characteristics were therefore developed with the aim of improving efficacy. Further, state of the art techniques to screen DNA encoded libraries of more than one trillion unique peptide sequences have emerged as highly powerful methodologies in ligand discovery. Two such screens, phage display and mRNA display, were therefore undertaken to identify novel cyclic peptide binders of CD59. Whilst the output of the phage display screen is yet to be fully determined, the mRNA display screen successfully identified a panel of high affinity cyclic peptide binders of CD59. One of the most promising peptides, mRNA 06, was identified with a KD of 11 nM and the co crystal structure was solved in complex with CD59. Structural studies provide unprecedented insight into the key binding residues and conformational characteristics of this peptide. In addition, functional studies show that mRNA 06 competes with ILY, and consequently rILYd4, for CD59 binding. Inhibition of CD59 represents an attractive and tractable strategy to reactivate the CdC effect of cancer therapeutic mAbs. The chemical tools and methodology developed here provides a major advance in targeting of CD59 with cyclic peptides, providing a road map for future studies. mRNA 06 represents the best performing CD59 binder identified thus far, displaying genuine promise for optimisation as an adjuvant for mAb therapy.
Panel data analysis and partisan variables: how periodization does influence partisan effects
Creators: name: Schmitt, Carina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: One central result of macro-quantitative studies in comparative public policy is that the importance of partisan politics on policy outputs has strongly decreased in recent decades. This finding may well be a methodological artefact. I argue that ad hoc standards in panel data analysis, especially using country-years as periodization, create estimation problems which potentially influence results against partisan variables. Therefore, I propose a simple and straightforward, as well as theoretically suitable, alternative to test the influence of partisan politics on policies and use cabinets instead of country-years. Using comparative welfare state research as an example, I show that partisan effects are strong and stable when using a cabinet-based periodization and fragile and weak within the standard procedure based on annual data. This article aims at suggesting that annual periods do not need to be the best simplification of time in empirical analyses.
Engineering artificial cells that can sense and respond to their environment
Creators: name: Hindley, James Wilkinson
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Artificial cells (ACs) are biomimetic constructs that aim to reconstitute the functions and behaviours of living systems. Many recent developments have led to a variety of ACs of differing composition, however such structures often lack the ability to respond to their local environments or user-designed external cues. This is especially the case for lipid vesicles composed of phospholipid amphiphiles. To overcome this limitation, this research has focused on the development of lipid vesicles that can respond to elements of their environment. To achieve this, a molecular functionalisation strategy has been adopted using chemical functional groups, membrane biophysics and membrane protein (mechanosensitive channel) reconstitution to generate vesicles capable of triggered release in response to optical, thermal and enzymatic/ionic stimuli respectively. To illustrate the utility of mechanosensitive channel functionalisation, lipid vesicles have been designed that can respond to enzymatic (secretory phospholipase and protease) elements of prostate cancer microenvironments through protein–membrane–membrane protein (P1-M-P2) and protein– protein (P1-P2) interactions. Control of vesicle composition and mechanosensitive channel number enables modulation of triggered release across different biological microenvironments. Secondly, functionalised nanoscale vesicles have been used as synthetic ‘organelles’ in multi-compartment, nested giant vesicles. Such cell mimics can be generated in a modular approach via the emulsion phase transfer method. This has been used to create a light-responsive microreactor with the capability for user-controlled enzymatic catalysis, where irradiation time can be used to control the rate of catalysis. A second project has used calcium flux to control P1-M-P2 communication within nested vesicles, creating a signalling pathway that mimics various elements of biological signal transduction. These achievements highlight the flexibility of this modular construction approach, which can also incorporate elements of chemistry and nanotechnology challenging to introduce into living systems. These advances further the development of bottom-up synthetic biology, providing a framework for the design of increasingly biomimetic artificial cells for use in applications across biotechnology.
ماهیت جبران خسارت بدنی در فقه و قانون مجازات
Creators: name: Sarkhosh, Javad
name: زینب مولایی
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: مسیولیت ، کیفری ، مدنی ، خسارت بدنی

description: یکی از موضوعات مهم در فقه اسلام مسیله جبران خسارت بدنی است . مسیولیت به معنای قانونی آن التزام شخص به تحمل حکم قهری قانون در قبال رفتاری است که از وی صادر شده است. مسیولیت اقسام مختلفی دارد مانند مسیولیت اخلاقی و حقوقی. مسیولیت حقوقی دارای دو قسم است : مسیولیت کیفری و مسیولیت مدنی. مسیولیت کیفری یا جزایی، مسیولیت شخصی است که مرتکب جرمی می شود که آن جرم در قانون تصریح شده باشد و شخص مرتکب به یکی از مجازاتهای مقرر در قانون برسد. مسیولیت مدنی در اصطلاح حقوقی به مسیولیت شخصی در مقام جبران خسارتی است که خود یا کسیکه تحت مراقبت یا اداره وی باشد به دیگری وارد می آورد. در اکثر نظام های حقوقی دنیای معاصر صدمه زننده مسیول و ضامن جبران تمام خسارات ناشی از این صدمه است که در فقه اسلام از آن تعبیر به دیه می شود. در اینکه ماهیت دیه مسیولیت کیفری است یا مسیولیت مدنی اختلاف وجود دارد. در این رابطه نظر دیگری هم وجود دارد که دیه ماهیتی دوگانه دارد. در این مقاله به بررسی نظرات پرداخته خواهد شد.
Efficient circular Dyson Brownian motion algorithm
Creators: name: Buijsman, Wouter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Circular Dyson Brownian motion describes the Brownian dynamics of particles on a circle (periodic boundary conditions), interacting through a logarithmic, long-range two-body potential. Within the log-gas picture of random matrix theory, it describes the level dynamics of unitary ("circular") matrices. A common scenario is that one wants to know about an initial configuration evolved over a certain interval of time, without being interested in the intermediate dynamics. Numerical evaluation of this is computationally expensive as the time-evolution algorithm is accurate only on short time intervals because of an underlying perturbative approximation. This work proposes an efficient and easy-to-implement improved circular Dyson Brownian motion algorithm for the unitary class (Dyson index $β= 2$, physically corresponding to broken time-reversal symmetry). The algorithm allows one to study time evolution over arbitrarily large intervals of time at a fixed computational cost, with no approximations being involved.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
title: Economic information for Aquaculture Opportunity Areas off Southern California
Creators: name: Dealy, Donna D.
name: Hilger, James R.
name: Stohs, Stephen M.
Publisher: name: NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/022d75229
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: NOAA technical memorandum NMFS-SWFSC ; 697
description: An Aquaculture Opportunity Area (AOA) is a defined geographic area that has been evaluated to determine its potential suitability for commercial aquaculture (NOAA AOA Website). NOAA is engaged in a process of identifying AOAs off Southern California (WCR AOA Website). The areas under consideration for identification as AOAs in Southern California are offshore but inside the Southern California Bight and the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the West Coast. This report provides relevant economic information for areas under consideration for identification as AOAs in the Southern California Bight.
Overcoming the Newtonian paradigm: The unfinished project of theoretical biology from a Schellingian perspective
Creators: name: Gare, Arran
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Defending Robert Rosen's claim that in every confrontation between physics and biology it is physics that has always had to give ground, it is shown that many of the most important advances in mathematics and physics over the last two centuries have followed from Schelling's demand for a new physics that could make the emergence of life intelligible. Consequently, while reductionism prevails in biology, many biophysicists are resolutely anti-reductionist. This history is used to identify and defend a fragmented but progressive tradition of anti-reductionist biomathematics. It is shown that the mathematico-physico-chemical morphology research program, the biosemiotics movement, and the relational biology of Rosen, although they have developed independently of each other, are built on and advance this anti-reductionist tradition of thought. It is suggested that understanding this history and its relationship to the broader history of post-Newtonian science could provide guidance for and justify both the integration of these strands and radically new work in post-reductionist biomathematics.
The Effects of Job Engagement and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors on the Relationship between Employees' CSR Perception and Performance in the Garment Business
Creators: name: Tidarat Pongvachirint
Publisher: name: University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce
Year: 2024
Subjects: Employees' CSR Perception (ECP)
job engagement (JE)
organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs)
task performance(TP)

description: Journal of Family Business and Management Studies, 16, 1, 135-150
Cosmological Correlators Through the Looking Glass: Reality, Parity, and Factorisation
Creators: name: Stefanyszyn, David
name: Tong, Xi
name: Zhu, Yuhang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the evolution of quantum fields during inflation, and show that the total-energy singularities appearing in the perturbative expansion of the late-time Wavefunction of the Universe are purely real when the external states are massless scalars and massless gravitons. Our proof relies on the tree-level approximation, Bunch-Davies initial conditions, and exact scale invariance (IR-convergence), but without any assumptions on invariance under de Sitter boosts. We consider all $n$-point functions and allow for the exchange of additional states of any mass and integer spin. Our proof makes use of a decomposition of the inflationary bulk-bulk propagator of massive spinning fields which preserves UV-convergence and ensures that the time-ordered contributions are purely real after we rotate to Euclidean time. We use this reality property to show that the maximally-connected parts of wavefunction coefficients, from which total-energy singularities originate, are purely real. In a theory where all states are in the complementary series, this reality extends to the full wavefunction coefficient. We then use our reality theorem to show that parity-odd correlators (correlators that are mirror asymmetric) are factorised and do not diverge when the total-energy is conserved. We pay special attention to the parity-odd four-point function (trispectrum) of inflationary curvature perturbations and use our reality/factorisation theorems to show that this observable is factorised into a product of cubic diagrams thereby enabling us to derive exact shapes. We present examples of couplings between the inflaton and massive spin-1 and spin-2 fields, with the parity-violation in the trispectrum driven by Chern-Simons corrections to the spinning field two-point function, or from parity-violating cubic interactions which we build within the Effective Field Theory of Inflation.
description: 67 pages, 7 figures, v2: 70 pages, 9 figures, more discussions added
Contextualizing Personal Experiences
Creators: name: Nissen, Adam Taylor
name: Emorie D Beck
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2026
Subjects: subject: Personality and Social Contexts
subject: Health Psychology
subject: Quantitative Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The study primarily aims to understand how individual lives unfold in everyday life among sexual and gender minorities (SGMs). Much of the work on SGM experiences typically involves taking a standard battery of questions and administering them to participants on a single occasion. Recent advances in experience sampling methods and intensive longitudinal designs allow researchers to capture smaller snapshots of a participant’s life many times, allowing for a more nuanced view of daily behaviors and experiences. Such rich information provides two critical advancements on prior work. First, we are able to test underlying processes of SGM well-being (e.g., minority stress theory and social safety theory) and how SGMs react in the face of positive and negative experiences. Second, we are able to not only ask how these experiences relate to the well-being and personality expression of SGMs in general but also examine for whom certain experiences are more impactful and meaningful.
Conformal field theory approach to parton fractional quantum Hall trial wave functions
Creators: name: Henderson, Greg J.
name: Sreejith, G. J.
name: Simon, Steven H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that all lowest Landau level projected and unprojected chiral parton type fractional quantum Hall ground and edge state trial wave functions, which take the form of products of integer quantum Hall wave functions, can be expressed as conformal field theory (CFT) correlation functions, where we can associate a chiral algebra to each parton state such that the CFT defined by the algebra is the ``smallest'' such CFT that can generate the corresponding ground and edge state trial wave functions. A field-theoretic generalisation of Laughlin's plasma analogy, known as generalised screening, is formulated for these states. If this holds, we argue that the inner products of edge state trial wave functions, for parton states where the ``densest'' trial wave function is unique, can be expressed as matrix elements of an exponentiated local action operator of the CFT, generalising the result of Dubail et al. [PRB 85, 11531 (2012)], which implies the equality between edge state and entanglement level counting to state counting in the corresponding CFT. We numerically test this result in two specific cases. We discuss how Read's arguments [PRB 79, 045308 (2009)] still apply, implying that conformal blocks of the CFT defined by the corresponding chiral algebra are valid quasi-hole trial wave functions, with the adiabatic braiding statistics given by the monodromy of these functions, assuming the existence of a quasi-particle trapping Hamiltonian. Generalisations of these constructions are discussed. It is shown that all chiral composite fermion wave functions can be expressed as CFT correlation functions without explicit symmetrisation or anti-symmetrisation and that the ground, edge, and certain quasi-hole trial wave functions of the $ϕ_n^m$ parton states can be expressed as the conformal blocks of the $U(1) \otimes SU(n)_m$ WZW models.
description: 64 pages, 8 figures, 10 tables
Linking patient-specific basal MET phosphorylation levels to liver health.
Creators: name: Fröhlich, Fabian
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: Signalling & Oncogenes
subject: Signalling & Oncogenes
classificationCode: Computational & Systems Biology
subject: Computational & Systems Biology
classificationCode: Biochemistry & Proteomics
subject: Biochemistry & Proteomics
classificationCode: Structural Biology & Biophysics
subject: Structural Biology & Biophysics
classificationCode: Synthetic Biology
subject: Synthetic Biology
classificationCode: Cell Biology
subject: Cell Biology

description: No description supplied
Bad Actor, Good Advisor: Exploring the Role of Large Language Models in Fake News Detection
Creators: name: Hu, Beizhe
name: Sheng, Qiang
name: Cao, Juan
name: Shi, Yuhui
name: Li, Yang
name: Wang, Danding
name: Qi, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Detecting fake news requires both a delicate sense of diverse clues and a profound understanding of the real-world background, which remains challenging for detectors based on small language models (SLMs) due to their knowledge and capability limitations. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various tasks, but whether and how LLMs could help with fake news detection remains underexplored. In this paper, we investigate the potential of LLMs in fake news detection. First, we conduct an empirical study and find that a sophisticated LLM such as GPT 3.5 could generally expose fake news and provide desirable multi-perspective rationales but still underperforms the basic SLM, fine-tuned BERT. Our subsequent analysis attributes such a gap to the LLM's inability to select and integrate rationales properly to conclude. Based on these findings, we propose that current LLMs may not substitute fine-tuned SLMs in fake news detection but can be a good advisor for SLMs by providing multi-perspective instructive rationales. To instantiate this proposal, we design an adaptive rationale guidance network for fake news detection (ARG), in which SLMs selectively acquire insights on news analysis from the LLMs' rationales. We further derive a rationale-free version of ARG by distillation, namely ARG-D, which services cost-sensitive scenarios without querying LLMs. Experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate that ARG and ARG-D outperform three types of baseline methods, including SLM-based, LLM-based, and combinations of small and large language models.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, and 9 tables. To appear at AAAI 2024
عوامل موثر در بیداری اسلامی در پرتو آیات و روایات
Creators: name: Sarkhosh, Javad
name: تهمینه ملازاده شاخالی
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: قران، روایات،بیداری. بصیرت، وحدت

description: قرآن کتاب بیداری است و آیات متعدد ان حدیث بیداری و بصیرت است.خداوند از مومنانی سخن می گوید که تبلیغات مخالف سعی داشته، اراده روانی آنها را در هم شکسته و قدرت تسلط در وضعیت عمومی را به آنان خاطر نشان کند.قرآن این مساله را در زمینه عملی به عنوان تجربه ای کارآمد به تصویر کشیده ، تجربه ای که بر اساس اراده قوی برخاسته از ایمان، خداباوری، ثبات در موضعگیریو تن ندادن به ترس ها ، پیامدهای مثبتی را به دنبال دارد. این خط الهام بخش از مومنان می خواهد از تجربیات کسانی که سابقه ایمان داشتند و در عرصه های درگیری فعال بوده اند، درس بگیرند.پیامبران که رسالت بیداری انسان ها را به دوش می کشیدند با هرگونه عوامل انحرافی خصوصا عوامل خارجی، استثمار و استعمار در ستیز بوده و جز مهارت ابدی انسان ها، آرمانی نداشتند، از این رو فرهنگ و تمدن، پویایی انسانی خود را وام دار بیدارگران الهی می داند.قران کریم به عنوان آخرین و جامع ترین برنامه زندگی، صحنه هایی را از شقاوت انسان ها که در اثر غفلت به ان دچار شده بودند، به تصویر کشیده ، از پیامدهای آن برای مردم سخن گفته و بصیرت را پیشنهاد می کند تا هرگز دچار شقاوت ابدی نشویم.از بیداری اسلامی به پدیده ای اجتماعی تعبیر می کنند که به معنای بازگشت بیداری امت اسلامی است تا به خدا باوری برسد و به کرامت انسانی خود، مباهات نماید.به تعبیر دیگر بیداری اسلامی را می توان مجموعه هایی از باورهای دینی دانست که در دوره کنونی در میان مسلمانان ، شیوع پیدا کرده است. اساسا بیداری اسلامی از مصادیق گرایش های معنوی در جهان اسلام است. پس حرکتی که هدف آن بازگشت به اسلام ناب و هویت فراموش شده دینی و رهایی از دست استکبار جهانی باشد را بیداری اسلامی می گویند.
A proposed terminology of theropod teeth (Dinosauria, Saurischia)
Creators: name: Hendrickx, Christophe
name: Mateus, Octávio
name: Araújo, Ricardo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: ABSTRACTTheropod teeth are typically not described in detail, yet these abundant vertebrate fossils are not only frequently reported in the literature, but also preserve extensive anatomical information. Often in descriptions, important characters of the crown and ornamentations are omitted, and in many instances, authors do not include a description of theropod dentition at all. The paucity of information makes identification of isolated teeth difficult and taxonomic assignments uncertain. Therefore, we here propose a standardization of the anatomical and morphometric terms for tooth anatomical subunits, as well as a methodology to describe isolated teeth comprehensively. As a corollary, this study exposes the importance of detailed anatomical descriptions with the utilitarian purpose of clarifying taxonomy and identifying isolated theropod teeth.SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/ujvp
title: North Minam and East Lostine Trail Bridge Replacements
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: Endangered Species Act Section 7(a)(2) Biological Opinion and Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act Essential Fish Habitat Response for the North Minam and East Lostine Trail Bridge Replacements, North Minam River (HUC 170601050503) and Upper Lostine River (HUC 170601050201), Wallowa County, Oregon
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Year: 2024

description: WCRO-2024-00901
مسئولیت مدنی قاضی ناشی از اشتباه درانشاء حکم
Creators: name: Sarkhosh, Javad
name: فهیمه قربانی
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: مسیولیت مدنی، قاضی، اشتباه، تقصیر، اصل 171 قانون اساسی

description: ازآنجایی که رسیدگی به امر قضاوت در یک جامعه از ضروریات است و این وظیفه در عصر غیبت کبری به عهده ی اشخاصی که دارای شرایطی هم چون عدل، علم و...سپرده شده ولی نبودن گوهر عصمت در این اشخاص سبب وقوع خطا و اشتباه هایی از سوی قضات در حکم هایی که صادر می کنند می شود، به همین دلیل فرض ضمانتهای اجرایی در زمینه ی عملکرد قضات امر ضروری به نظر می رسد به همین خاطر در قانون اساسی کشور،حقوق موضوعه ایران و هم در قانون مجازات اسلامی، احکام و مقرراتی درباره ی مسیولیت مدنی قاضی وضع گردیده است.این پژوهش برآن است تا با توجه به آیات قرآنی و روایات موجود دامنه ی مسیولیت مدنی قاضی را روشن کندو بعد از آن مواد قانونی که در زمینه ی مسیولیت مدنی قاضی تدوین گشته است را مورد بررسی قرار می دهد و اختلاف نظرهای موجود در آن ها را بیان می کند تا از این طریق تفسیر درستی از آنها حاصل شود وسپس به تفاوت دو مفهوم اشتباه و تقصیر پرداخته و مسیولیت مدنی قاضی در قبال هر یک از آنها بیان می شود.
title: Zeitgeschichte, Psychologie und Psychoanalyse
Creators: name: Dörr, Nikolas R.
Publisher: name: ZZF - Centre for Contemporary History: Docupedia
Year: 2020

description: Obwohl Psychologie und Psychoanalyse Nachbardisziplinen der Geschichtswissenschaft sind, findet eine methodische und theoretische Auseinandersetzung mit diesen kaum statt. Dennoch können sie, wie Nikolas R. Dörr im vorliegenden Beitrag erörtert, hervorragende Hilfswissenschaften der (zeit-)historischen Forschung sein, wenn sie richtig ausgewählt und angewendet werden. Er plädiert für eine (Wieder-)Entdeckung beider Disziplinen und erörtert den Nutzen mithilfe eines kurzen geschichtlichen Abrisses sowie von praxisbezogenen Anwendungsbeispielen.
Continuous Preview Control of Dual-Stage Actuator systems for reduced transition time
Creators: name: Salton, Aurelio
name: Chen, Zhiyong
name: Zheng, Jinchuan
name: Fu, Minyue
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Preview control design is proposed in order to reduce the settling time of Dual-Stage Actuators (DSAs). It is shown that a significantly better performance is achieved by exploring the extra degree of freedom provided by the secondary actuator before the output transition instant. Given the information of the immediate future reference point, the proposed strategy allows the slow actuator to move ahead of time while the fast actuator maintains the total output at the desired reference. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology when compared to a conventional form of DSA control design.