cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Transdifferentiation of α- to β-cells is Enhanced in FSTL3 KO Mice
Creators: name: Schneyer, Alan
name: Andrzejewski, Danielle
name: Burnside, Amy
name: Brown, Melissa
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes involve loss of functional pancreatic B-cells which is driving research into potential replacement sources. Expansion of functional B-cell mass, such as through induction of B-cell neogenesis or through transdifferentiation of A-cells into functional B-cells represent appealing therapeutic solutions to restoring glucose control. To date, however, these processes have been induced through genetic manipulation or severe pancreatic injury. It remains to be determined whether transdifferentiation or neogenesis contribute to functional B-cell mass under normal physiological conditions and/or contribute to B-cell expansion and how these processes are regulated.

We have reported that inactivation of the activin antagonist follistatin like-3 (FSTL3) resulted in a 2-fold increase in mean islet size with an enlarged B-cell component. We hypothesized that the B-cell expansion resulted from accelerated A- to B-cell transdifferentiation that was induced by the enhanced activin bioavailability of the FSTL3 KO mouse. We first demonstrated that activin suppressed important A-cell gene expression and promoted B-cell gene expression in A- and B-cell lines. We then used cell sorting based on natural fluorescence of A- and B-cells to achieve >95% enrichment of these cell populations. Activin treatment of these primary cells also suppressed A-cell gene expression including ARX. To explore whether activin had this effect in vivo, we used lineage tracing to label A-cells with YFP using Gluc-Cre/YFP mice crossed with FSTL3 KO mice. Cell sorting identified 2 additional populations, YFP labeled A-cells and YFP labeled B-cells with the number of YFP+Ins+ cells increased in FSTL3 KO islets compared to WT. These results suggest that A- to B-cell transdifferentiation occurs in the absence of genetic drivers or injury, that this process is increased in FSTL3 KO mice, and that activin may promote transdifferentiation to increase B-cell mass. Supported by JDRF (17-2012-414)
title: Differences in Patient Characteristics Prior to TKA and THA Between Switzerland and the US
Creators: name: Franklin, Patricia D.
name: Harrold, Leslie R.
name: Miozzari, Hermes
name: Hoffmeyer, Pierre
name: Ayers, David C.
name: Lubbeke, Anne
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Introduction: Total knee (TKA) and hip (THA) arthroplasty results, including patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), complication and implant survival rates, are often generalized across countries, although patient- and environment-dependent factors may differ considerably. We described and compared preoperative characteristics from two large TKA and THA cohort studies, one in Switzerland and the other in the US.

Materials & methods: Patient characteristics were collected prospectively on all elective primary TKAs and THAs performed (1) at a large tertiary center in Switzerland between 1/2010 and 12/2011 and (2) in FORCE-TJR, a US diverse, large national sample between 6/2011 and 8/2012. Information was obtained on age, sex, BMI, diagnosis, medical co-morbidities, and PROMs (WOMAC pain and function, SF-12/36 physical and mental component scores). We calculated risk ratios, and mean differences, and effect sizes, to compare preoperative scores.

Results: Overall, 2508 TKAs and 1,912 THAs (US) and 855 TKAs and 673 THAs (Swiss) were evaluated. U.S. patients, compared to Swiss, were younger (mean age TKA: 67 vs. 72 yrs; THA: 64 vs. 68 yrs), more obese (BMI ≥35 TKA: 27% vs. 17%; THA: 39% vs. 23%). US TKA patients had more cardiac disease, higher preoperative WOMAC pain scores (52 vs. 41 points) indicating less knee-specific pain at time of TKA. US THA patients had more diabetes (13% vs. 10%), higher WOMAC pain scores (47 vs. 40 points) indicating less hip-specific pain at the time of THA. While significant physical disability (SF) was reported in both countries, US TKA and THA patients reported lower physical function scores.

Conclusion: We found substantial differences in baseline characteristics with younger age, greater obesity, in the US TKA and THA patients, and more cardiac disease (TKA), diabetes and preoperative hip pain (THA). Significant levels of disability were reported across countries. These findings call for adequate risk adjustment in cross-cultural comparisons.
Two Proofs of Fine's Theorem
Creators: name: Halliwell, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fine's theorem concerns the question of determining the conditions under which a certain set of probabilities for pairs of four bivalent quantities may be taken to be the marginals of an underlying probability distribution. The eight CHSH inequalities are well-known to be necessary conditions, but Fine's theorem is the striking result that they are also a sufficient condition. It has application to the question of finding a local hidden variables theory for measurements of pairs of spins for a system in an EPRB state. Here we present two simple and self-contained proofs of Fine's theorem in which the origins of this non-obvious result can be easily seen. The first is a physically motivated proof which simply notes that this matching problem is solved using a local hidden variables model given by Peres. The second is a straightforward algebraic proof which uses a representation of the probabilities in terms of correlation functions and takes advantage of certain simplifications naturally arising in that representation. A third, unsuccessful attempt at a proof, involving the maximum entropy technique is also briefly described
description: 17 pages, latex. Revised argument for setting average spins to zero. References added. Corrected figure
Deep Learning for Predictive Analytics in Reversible Steganography
Creators: name: Chang, Ching-Chun
name: Wang, Xu
name: Chen, Sisheng
name: Echizen, Isao
name: Sanchez, Victor
name: Li, Chang-Tsun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Deep learning is regarded as a promising solution for reversible steganography. There is an accelerating trend of representing a reversible steo-system by monolithic neural networks, which bypass intermediate operations in traditional pipelines of reversible steganography. This end-to-end paradigm, however, suffers from imperfect reversibility. By contrast, the modular paradigm that incorporates neural networks into modules of traditional pipelines can stably guarantee reversibility with mathematical explainability. Prediction-error modulation is a well-established reversible steganography pipeline for digital images. It consists of a predictive analytics module and a reversible coding module. Given that reversibility is governed independently by the coding module, we narrow our focus to the incorporation of neural networks into the analytics module, which serves the purpose of predicting pixel intensities and a pivotal role in determining capacity and imperceptibility. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impacts of different training configurations upon predictive accuracy of neural networks and provide practical insights. In particular, we investigate how different initialisation strategies for input images may affect the learning process and how different training strategies for dual-layer prediction respond to the problem of distributional shift. Furthermore, we compare steganographic performance of various model architectures with different loss functions.
Optimality of contraction-driven crawling
Creators: name: Recho, P.
name: Joanny, J. -F.
name: Truskinovsky, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a model of cell motility where the condition of optimal trade-off between performance and metabolic cost can be made precise. In this model a steadily crawling fragment is represented by a layer of active gel placed on a frictional surface and driven by contraction only. We find analytically the distribution of contractile elements (pullers) ensuring that the efficiency of self-propulsion is maximal. We then show that natural assumptions about advection and diffusion of pullers produce a distribution that is remarkably close to the optimal one and is qualitatively similar to the one observed in experiments on fish keratocytes.
Semi-Sparsity for Smoothing Filters
Creators: name: Huang, Junqing
name: Wang, Haihui
name: Wang, Xuechao
name: Ruzhansky, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose an interesting semi-sparsity smoothing algorithm based on a novel sparsity-inducing optimization framework. This method is derived from the multiple observations that semi-sparsity prior knowledge is more universally applicable, especially in areas where sparsity is not fully admitted, such as polynomial-smoothing surfaces. We illustrate that this semi-sparsity can be identified into a generalized $L_0$-norm minimization in higher-order gradient domains, thereby giving rise to a new "feature-aware" filtering method with a powerful simultaneous-fitting ability in both sparse features (singularities and sharpening edges) and non-sparse regions (polynomial-smoothing surfaces). Notice that a direct solver is always unavailable due to the non-convexity and combinatorial nature of $L_0$-norm minimization. Instead, we solve the model based on an efficient half-quadratic splitting minimization with fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) for acceleration. We finally demonstrate its versatility and many benefits to a series of signal/image processing and computer vision applications.
description: Final version but delete the graphic processing part
title: Predictors of Patient-reported Outcomes after TKR not Included in Risk Models Based on Administrative Data
Creators: name: Franklin, Patricia D.
name: Harrold, Leslie R.
name: Li, Wenjun
name: Lewis, Courtland
name: Allison, Jeroan J.
name: Ayers, David C.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Introduction: Because total knee replacement (TKR) surgery is performed to relieve pain and improve physical function in patients with advanced arthritis, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are important to assess TKR effectiveness. The UK and others require PROs. Understanding pre-existing clinical factors that influence PROs after surgery is needed before comparing PROs across providers. We evaluated the roles of medical and musculoskeletal comorbidities in explaining variation in 6 month post-TKR pain relief and functional gain in a national cohort of TKR patients.

Materials & methods: FORCE-TJR, funded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), is a national consortium in which 100% patients, surgeons and hospitals submit data: patients demographics (age, gender, BMI, race), complete medical and musculoskeletal comorbidities, PROs including SF-36 Physical Component Score (PCS), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), clinically refined adverse events and implant data. Predictors of change in pre-to-6 month post-TKR pain and function were examined using linear mixed models adjusting for clustering within site.

Results: TKR patients had a mean age of 67 years, mean BMI of 31.2, were 63% female and 4.5% black, 9% with Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) of 2-5, 15% with CCI of 6, 7% moderate/severe pain in 2-3 knee/hip joints, 27% moderate/severe lumbar pain. After adjusting for socio-demographic factors, significant predictors of poorer 6 month post-TKR pain included poorer emotional health, higher CCI, 1-2 nonsurgical hip/knee joints with moderate/severe pain, any lumbar pain at time of TKR. These same factors also predicted poorer 6 month function.

Conclusion: Before adopting PROs as a standard measure of TKR outcome, a complete understanding of pre-existing clinical factors associated with poorer pain relief and functional gain is needed. Greater musculoskeletal, and medical, comorbid conditions were associated with post-operative PROs and should be included in risk-adjustment models before cross-hospital comparisons can be made.
Données probantes : la résistance étudiante aux pédagogies actives
Creators: name: Dubé, Jean-Sébastien
Publisher: name: Université de Sherbrooke, Service de soutien à la formation
Year: 2018
Subjects: Enseignement supérieur--Méthodes actives
Pédagogie universitaire
Enseignement universitaire
Étudiants--Attitudes
Professeurs (Enseignement supérieur)--Attitudes
Enseignants--Attitudes
Relations enseignants-étudiants

description: Article basé sur la littérature scientifique qui démontre la résistance étudiante aux pédagogies actives et qui met en lumière des stratégies facilitatrices.
description: Ressources éducatives libres

REL

Open Educational Resources

OER
Complex networks analysis in socioeconomic models
Creators: name: Varela, Luis M.
name: Rotundo, Giulia
name: Ausloos, Marcel
name: Carrete, Jesus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This chapter aims at reviewing complex networks models and methods that were either developed for or applied to socioeconomic issues, and pertinent to the theme of New Economic Geography. After an introduction to the foundations of the field of complex networks, the present summary adds insights on the statistical mechanical approach, and on the most relevant computational aspects for the treatment of these systems. As the most frequently used model for interacting agent-based systems, a brief description of the statistical mechanics of the classical Ising model on regular lattices, together with recent extensions of the same model on small-world Watts-Strogatz and scale-free Albert-Barabasi complex networks is included. Other sections of the chapter are devoted to applications of complex networks to economics, finance, spreading of innovations, and regional trade and developments. The chapter also reviews results involving applications of complex networks to other relevant socioeconomic issues, including results for opinion and citation networks. Finally, some avenues for future research are introduced before summarizing the main conclusions of the chapter.
description: 39 pages, 185 references, (not final version of) a chapter prepared for Complexity and Geographical Economics - Topics and Tools, P. Commendatore, S.S. Kayam and I. Kubin Eds. (Springer, to be published)
Hydrogen adsorption and diffusion around Si(001)/Si(110) corners in nanostructures
Creators: name: Smith, Richard
name: Brazdova, Veronika
name: Bowler, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While the diffusion of hydrogen on silicon surfaces has been relatively well characterised both experimentally and theoretically, the diffusion around corners between surfaces, as will be found on nanowires and nanostructures, has not been studied. Motivated by nanostructure fabrication by Patterned Atomic Layer Epitaxy (PALE), we present a density functional theory (DFT) study of the diffusion of hydrogen around the edge formed by the orthogonal (001) and (110) surfaces in silicon. We find that the barrier from (001) to (110) is approximately 0.3 eV lower than from (110) to (001), and that it is comparable to diffusion between rows on the clean surface, with no significant effect on the hydrogen patterns at the growth temperatures used.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Improving and complementing virtual memory using hardware techniques
Creators: name: Albuquerque Cox, Guilherme
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2018

description: Virtual memory is a classic computer science abstraction and is ubiquitous in all scales of computing today. However, despite years of research, virtual memory faces critical performance and security challenges. This thesis aims to address these challenges. The first challenge we address is the growing performance overheads faced by virtual memory as workloads continue demanding ever-increasing amounts of memory. The key culprit of these overheads is address translation, the mechanism by which virtual memory translates a program's virtual addresses to physical addresses. Performing fast address translation requires the design of fast and efficient hardware translation lookaside buffer (TLB) caches. Unfortunately, TLBs struggle to perform efficiently for ``big data" workloads. This thesis proposes a range of hardware mechanisms to improve TLB performance. The second challenge we address pertains to the security mechanisms offered by the virtual memory abstraction through memory protection and process isolation. Despite their utility, protection/isolation are insufficient to avoid important classes of remote attacks. Attackers can corrupt the operating system and thereby gain control of the entire machine. Therefore, there is a need for security mechanisms complementary to those provided by virtual memory. We propose low-overhead mechanisms achieve this. Our approach is to build hardware that can snapshot physical memory in an efficient manner, so that we can enable faster/better memory forensics to enhance system security. Both sets of studies highlight some important themes in this thesis. One unifying theme of our work is to build hardware mechanisms that are transparent to application developers and systems programmers. Another unifying theme is ease of implementation -- we deliberately use hardware mechanisms that require modest hardware modifications. In situations when the modifications are more substantial, we formally verify the correctness of our approach. Finally, we quantify the benefits of our approaches using not only software performance models (like most architecture studies), but also go beyond by quantifying real-system performance when possible.
Friction-enhanced lifetime of bundled quantum vortices
Creators: name: Galantucci, Luca
name: Krstulovic, Giorgio
name: Barenghi, Carlo F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments in the early 1980s have shown that a compact bundle of quantum vortex rings in superfluid helium remains coherent and travels a significant distance compared to its size. This is surprising because a single vortex ring, under the effect of friction with the background of thermal excitations (the so-called normal fluid), would quickly lose energy and decay. The observation of these long-lived vortex structures has remained an unsettled question since their experimental detection. In this work, by taking into account the fully coupled dynamics of superfluid vortices and the normal fluid, we show that the motion of the superfluid bundle generates a large-scale wake in the normal fluid which reduces the overall friction experienced by the bundle, enhancing its lifetime. This collective effect is similar to the drag reduction observed in systems of active, hydrodynamically cooperative agents such as bacteria in aqueous suspensions, fungal spores in the atmosphere and cyclists in pelotons.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Some finite abelian group theory and some q-series identities
Creators: name: Garton, Derek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E15 (Primary) 20K01 (Secondary)

description: For a fixed odd prime $\ell$, we present new families of identities defined on various subposets of the poset of isomorphism classes of finite abelian $\ell$-groups, generalizing identities of Hall and Cohen-Lenstra. We also present a $q$-series identity.
description: 8 pages, simplified proof of Corollary 4.2, updated references
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Ethics in the Science Classroom Case Study #3
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2021
Subjects: Human Subjects Research
Informed Consent
Vulnerable Populations
Research and Practice

description: This is one of six cases from Michael Pritchard and Theodore Golding's instructor guide, "Ethics in the Science Classroom." that provide background and some discussion guidelines around the historical TuskegeeSyphilis Study.

Categories Illustrated by This Case:Issues related to experimentation on human subjects.
Intrinsic decoherence dynamics in the three-coupled harmonic oscillators interaction
Creators: name: Urzúa, Alejandro R.
name: Moya-Cessa, Héctor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Applying the Milburn equation to describe intrinsic decoherence, we study the interaction of three-coupled quantum harmonic oscillators or quantized fields. We give an explicit solution for the complete equation, i.e., beyond the usual second order approximation used to arrive to the Lindblad form. Then we calculate the expectation value of the number operator of each oscillator or mode for one of the modes given in an initial coherent
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
The MIXMAX random number generator
Creators: name: Savvidy, Konstantin G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this note, we give a practical solution to the problem of determining the maximal period of matrix generators of pseudo-random numbers which are based on an integer-valued unimodular matrix of size NxN known as MIXMAX and arithmetic defined on a Galois field GF[p] with large prime modulus p. The existing theory of Galois finite fields is adapted to the present case, and necessary and sufficient condition to attain the maximum period is formulated. Three efficient algorithms are presented. First, allowing to compute the multiplication by the MIXMAX matrix with O(N) operations. Second, to recursively compute the characteristic polynomial with O(N^2) operations, and third, to apply skips of large number of steps S to the sequence in O(N^2 log(S)) operations. It is demonstrated that the dynamical properties of this generator dramatically improve with the size of the matrix N, as compared to the classes of generators based on sparse matrices and/or sparse characteristic polynomials. Finally, we present the implementation details of the generator and the results of rigorous statistical testing.
description: 15 pages, 3 Figures
title: Getting to the Root of Bacterial Hairs: What is “s”?
Creators: name: Gaddis, Rebecca
name: O'Conner, Samantha
name: Anderson, Evan
name: Camesano, Terri
name: Burnham, Nancy
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: An atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to measure the steric forces of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the biofilm-forming bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is well known that LPS play a vital role in biofilm formation. These forces were characterized with a modified version of the Alexander and de Gennes (AdG) model for polymers, which is a function of equilibrium brush length, L, probe radius, R, temperature, T, separation distance, D, and an indefinite density variable, s. This last parameter was originally distinguished by de Gennes as the root spacing or mesh spacing depending upon the type of polymer adhesion; however since then it has been commonly thought of as the root spacing. This study aims to clarify the ambiguity of this parameter as a first step in characterizing biofilm formation. Varying the temperature and pH at which the steric forces of the LPS are measured and then analyzing the produced force curves with Matlab, should allow us to measure s. The Matlab program has been written to crop large numbers of force curves in accordance with the Alexander and de Gennes polymer model objectively and quickly. If s is the root spacing it should remain constant regardless of the changing polymer lengths, on the other hand if it is the mesh spacing it will be proportional to the temperature and pH. Preliminary data suggest that the LPS vary with temperature and pH. The data also suggest that s represents the mesh spacing. Once s has been described, further studies can be done to determine how environmental changes influence L, and s and consequently biofilm formation.
Overly Ambitious Researchers - Fabricating Data: Ethics in the Science Classroom Case Study #1
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2021
Subjects: Authorship
Collaboration
Fabrication
Handling Misconduct Allegations
Publication Ethics
Research and Practice
Research Misconduct

description: A historical case study about the cases of Dr. John Darsee and Dr.Stephen Breuning who both were found to have fabricated data as part of their research.
NIAPU: network-informed adaptive positive-unlabeled learning for disease gene identification
Creators: name: Stolfi, Paola
name: Mastropietro, Andrea
name: Pasculli, Giuseppe
name: Tieri, Paolo
name: Vergni, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Gene-disease associations are fundamental for understanding disease etiology and developing effective interventions and treatments. Identifying genes not yet associated with a disease due to a lack of studies is a challenging task in which prioritization based on prior knowledge is an important element. The computational search for new candidate disease genes may be eased by positive-unlabeled learning, the machine learning setting in which only a subset of instances are labeled as positive while the rest of the data set is unlabeled. In this work, we propose a set of effective network-based features to be used in a novel Markov diffusion-based multi-class labeling strategy for putative disease gene discovery. The performances of the new labeling algorithm and the effectiveness of the proposed features have been tested on ten different disease data sets using three machine learning algorithms. The new features have been compared against classical topological and functional/ontological features and a set of network- and biological-derived features already used in gene discovery tasks. The predictive power of the integrated methodology in searching for new disease genes has been found to be competitive against state-of-the-art algorithms.
description: This article has been accepted for publication in Bioinformatics, Published by Oxford University Press
Star-regularity and regular completions
Creators: name: Gran, Marino
name: Janelidze, Zurab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 2010: 18A35, 18C05, 18D20, 08B20, 08B30, 08B05

description: In this paper we establish a new characterisation of star-regular categories, using a property of internal reflexive graphs, which is suggested by a recent result due to O. Ngaha Ngaha and the first author. We show that this property is, in a suitable sense, invariant under regular completion of a category in the sense of A. Carboni and E. M. Vitale. Restricting to pointed categories, where star-regularity becomes normality in the sense of the second author, this reveals an unusual behaviour of the exactness property of normality (i.e. the property that regular epimorphisms are normal epimorphisms) compared to other closely related exactness properties studied in categorical algebra.
description: 13 pages
The Millikan Case - Discrimination Versus Manipulation of Data: Ethics in the Science Classroom Case Study #2
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2006
Subjects: Data Management
Reproducibility
Research and Practice
Research Misconduct

description: This historical case study looks at the work of Robert A. Millikan who is famous due to his important and innovative measurement of the charge on the electron and some important ethical issues raised by his collection, treatment, and presentation of his scientific data.
2015 Taking America’s Pulse Survey, Designed by Students at Cornell
Creators: name: University, Cornell
name: Schuldt, Jonathon P.
name: Enns, Peter K.
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Years of education needed to get ahead in life (1); satisfaction with formal education (1); public school administration acts in best interests of students (1); chance of succeeding in life same/different for low/middle/upper income students (1); undergraduate degree applicable to current job (1); comfortable with rap/hip-hop songs depicting violence (1); sexual assault on campuses (1); healthy eater (1); health insurance covering gender reassignment (sex change) surgery (1); criticize/feel criticized or attacked by others on social media (1); using social media increases/decreases self-esteem (1); digital advertising on websites/social media (1); posting a positive/negative restaurant review online (1); privacy on social media (1); concerns with technology/Internet (1); academic credit for Ivy League athletes (1); performance enhancing drugs for professional athletes (1); rule changes to decrease risk of brain damage in football (1); colleges/universities considering student’s athletic ability/family connections to the college in admissions (1); college athletes exploited/only interested in money (1); use public funds to construct new arena for local sports team (1); intended political activity over next few years (1); feelings of people outside US about US gun laws (1); sending weapons to a foreign country/using military drone strikes in a foreign country (1); support/oppose torture of suspected terrorist (1); military as last resort/military used readily (1); attitude toward China (1); death penalty for murder (1); same-sex marriage (1); presidential candidate having/had extra-marital affair (1); Islamic values vs. Western values (1); mainstream Islam encourages/discourages violence against non-Muslims (1); free market/protectionist policies with China (1); marijuana or alcohol cause more harm (1); voting for someone outside the political party with which you are registered (1); sentences for crime/violent assault/non-violent drug offense (1); feminism (1); physician-assisted suicide (1); concern over becoming victim of terrorist attack (1); required distance between schools and stores that sell alcohol (1); electric cars (1); recreational activities (1); temperature difference between cities and non-cities (1); concern about climate change (1); percentage of homeless Americans (1).
Prototype-Guided Memory Replay for Continual Learning
Creators: name: Ho, Stella
name: Liu, Ming
name: Du, Lan
name: Gao, Longxiang
name: Xiang, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Continual learning (CL) refers to a machine learning paradigm that learns continuously without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. Thereby, major difficulty in CL is catastrophic forgetting of preceding tasks, caused by shifts in data distributions. Existing CL models often save a large number of old examples and stochastically revisit previously seen data to retain old knowledge. However, the occupied memory size keeps enlarging along with accumulating seen data. Hereby, we propose a memory-efficient CL method by storing a few samples to achieve good performance. We devise a dynamic prototype-guided memory replay module and incorporate it into an online meta-learning model. We conduct extensive experiments on text classification and investigate the effect of training set orders on CL model performance. The experimental results testify the superiority of our method in terms of forgetting mitigation and efficiency.
description: Accepted by IEEE TNNLS. This is the pre-print version which has not been fully undergone peer review
Representation and Misrepresentation: Tufte and the Morton Thiokol Engineers on the Challenger
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2006

description: This lecture discusses and evaluates the charge made by Edward Tufte, in his major work on visual representations, Visual Explanations, that Morton-Thiokol engineers were at fault for not using more convincing graphical representations of the risk in arguing against the launch of the ill-fated Challenger Space Shuttle.
BV equivalence with boundary
Creators: name: Simão, Francisco Manuel Castela
name: Cattaneo, Alberto S.
name: Schiavina, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T70, 83C47, 70S15, 70B05

description: An extension of the notion of classical equivalence of equivalence in the Batalin--(Fradkin)--Vilkovisky (BV) and (BFV) framework for local Lagrangian field theory on manifolds possibly with boundary is discussed. Equivalence is phrased in both a strict and a lax sense, distinguished by the compatibility between the BV data for a field theory and its boundary BFV data, necessary for quantisation. In this context, the first- and second-order formulations of non-Abelian Yang--Mills and of classical mechanics on curved backgrounds, all of which admit a strict BV-BFV description, are shown to be pairwise equivalent as strict BV-BFV theories. This in particular implies that their BV-complexes are quasi-isomorphic. Furthermore, Jacobi theory and one-dimensional gravity coupled with scalar matter are compared as classically-equivalent reparametrisation-invariant versions of classical mechanics, but such that only the latter admits a strict BV-BFV formulation. They are shown to be equivalent as lax BV-BFV theories and to have isomorphic BV cohomologies. This shows that strict BV-BFV equivalence is a strictly finer notion of equivalence of theories.
description: Published version
title: Cup Feeding in the ICU: The Influence of Health Care Team Knowledge
Creators: name: Ghareeb, Sameh
name: Chiodo, Lisa
name: Lewandowski, Linda
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Background: Preterm birth has significantly increased in the last two decades. Preterm infants lack synchrony and coordination in sucking, swallowing, and breathing necessary for oral feeding. Cup feeding has been identified as a safe alternative for preterm infants who are not able to fully breastfeed, yet the practice is limited. One potential reason this alternative is underutilized is lack of health care provider knowledge regarding cup feeding. Understanding health care provider knowledge will provide information to guide cup feeding education efforts.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between health care team knowledge and the use of cup feeding in neonatal intensive care units.

Methods: A non-experimental cross-cultural correlational design will be used to evaluate study goals. A convenience sample of ~350 neonatal nurses and physicians from US and Jordan will be recruited to complete a web-based survey. Recruitment strategies will include Email, website links, and snowballing. To evaluate health care provider knowledge about cup feeding a questionnaire was developed. The questionnaire includes items asking about demographic data (e.g. Age, ethnicity, occupation, and experience). A 7-point Likert scale ranging from Always to never was used to assess knowledge regarding feeding type (bottle, breast, NGT, and cup). Multivariate Regression analysis will be conducted to examine the relation between health care provider knowledge and cup feeding practices. Regressions will control for potential covariates (e.g., provider age, culture, experience, and education).

Findings and Conclusions: Research still in process. Preliminary results will be available by May. Nurses and physicians have the authority to decide which feeding method to use for an infant. In addition, parents are influenced by health care provider advice. Identifying health care provider knowledge of cup feeding can identify misconceptions regarding cup feeding. These findings will lead to educational interventions aimed at improving feeding of preterm infants.
Dark Matter on Top
Creators: name: Gomez, M. A.
name: Jackson, C. B.
name: Shaughnessy, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a simplified model of fermionic dark matter which couples exclusively to the right-handed top quark via a renormalizable interaction with a color-charged scalar. We first compute the relic abundance of this type of dark matter and investigate constraints placed on the model parameter space by the latest direct detection data. We also perform a detailed analysis for the production of dark matter at the LHC for this model. We find several kinematic variables that allow for a clean signal extraction and we show that the parameter space of this model will be well probed during LHC Run-II. Finally, we investigate the possibility of detecting this type of dark matter via its annihilations into gamma rays. We compute the continuum and the line emission (which includes a possible "Higgs in Space" line) and its possible discovery by future gamma-ray telescopes. We find that the annihilation spectrum has distinctive features which may distinguish it from other models.
description: 26 pages, 13 figures. v2: included additional elastic scattering processes
title: Acute Symptomatic Influenza A Virus (IAV) Infection in Humans Leads to Expansion of Highly Diverse CD8 T Cell Repertoires Crossreactive with Persistent Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)
Creators: name: Gil, Anna
name: Misha, Rabinarayan
name: Aslan, Nuray
name: Selin, Liisa K.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: The competence of T cell responses predominantly depends on how efficient T cell receptors (TCRs) are at recognizing antigenic epitopes. We show here that during acute severely symptomatic IAV infection there was an expansion of IAV-M1/EBV-BRLF1 and IAV-M1/EBV-BMLF1 double-tetramer+ cells directly ex-vivo in 5 HLA-A2+ patients. We questioned whether this expansion specific to these two different crossreactive responses would lead to alterations in the TCR repertoire of the IAV-M158 , EBV-BRLF1109 and -BMLF1280 from before, during and following acute IAV infection. Using staining with Vb MAb we found that T cell responses generated to these epitopes became surprisingly more polyclonal, with the sharing of Vb between M1, BMLF1 and BRLF1 populations which is not seen in healthy donors and which decreased 2 months later consistent with crossreactive expansion. Furthermore, by using single-cell analysis of TCRα and TCRβ repertoire of tetramer sorted IAV-M1 cells we showed dramatic changes in specific clonotype usage and in JA and JB family usage during acute IAV infection compared to before infection. In summary, these changes in TCR repertoire during acute symptomatic IAV infection suggest that during severe infection there is a preferential expansion of highly diverse crossreactive responses between IAV and the persistent virus, EBV, which leads to permanent changes in TCR repertoires to both of these two viruses. (NIHAI49320).
Discovery of Single Independent Latent Variable
Creators: name: Shaham, Uri
name: Svirsky, Jonathan
name: Katz, Ori
name: Talmon, Ronen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Latent variable discovery is a central problem in data analysis with a broad range of applications in applied science. In this work, we consider data given as an invertible mixture of two statistically independent components and assume that one of the components is observed while the other is hidden. Our goal is to recover the hidden component. For this purpose, we propose an autoencoder equipped with a discriminator. Unlike the standard nonlinear ICA problem, which was shown to be non-identifiable, in the special case of ICA we consider here, we show that our approach can recover the component of interest up to entropy-preserving transformation. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach in several tasks, including image synthesis, voice cloning, and fetal ECG extraction.
description: Published as a conference paper at Neurips 2022. In the current version the proof of the lemma is modified
ICM cooling, AGN feedback and BCG properties of galaxy groups-Five properties where groups differ from clusters
Creators: name: Bharadwaj, V.
name: Reiprich, T. H.
name: Schellenberger, G.
name: Eckmiller, H. J.
name: Mittal, R.
name: Israel, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Chandra data for a sample of 26 galaxy groups, we constrained the central cooling times (CCTs) of the ICM and classified the groups as strong cool-core (SCC), weak cool-core (WCC) and non-cool-core (NCC) based on their CCTs. The total radio luminosity of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) was obtained using radio catalog data and literature, which was compared to the CCT to understand the link between gas cooling and radio output. We determined K-band luminosities of the BCG with 2MASS data, and used it to constrain the masses of the SMBH, which were then compared to the radio output. We also tested for correlations between the BCG luminosity and the overall X-ray luminosity and mass of the group. The observed cool-core/non-cool-core fractions for groups are comparable to those of clusters. However, notable differences are seen. For clusters, all SCCs have a central temperature drop, but for groups, this is not the case as some SCCs have centrally rising temperature profiles. While for the cluster sample, all SCC clusters have a central radio source as opposed to only 45% of the NCCs, for the group sample, all NCC groups have a central radio source as opposed to 77% of the SCC groups. For clusters, there are indications of an anticorrelation trend between radio luminosity and CCT which is absent for the groups. Indications of a trend of radio luminosity with black hole mass observed in SCC clusters is absent for groups. The strong correlation observed between the BCG luminosity and the cluster X-ray luminosity/cluster mass weakens significantly for groups. We conclude that there are important differences between clusters and groups within the ICM cooling/AGN feedback paradigm.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
title: Targeted Destruction of Triple Negative Breast Cancer using Nanoparticles
Creators: name: Adejumo, Adeyinka C.
name: Ochin, Chinedu Charles
name: Jadia, Rahul
name: Kanik, Fulya Ekiz
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a combination of light and photosensitizing drug in which a photosensitizer is injected intravenously and accumulates in the tissue. This tissue is then irradiated by light at an appropriate wavelength and the drug leads to cytotoxicity with a cascade of biochemical responses which affects and inactivates the cancer cells in the tumor tissue. In the cells, PDT generally induces mitochondrial damage and apoptosis which destroy the tissue and induce an antitumor activity upon illumination. Benzoporphyrin-derivative verteporfin (BPD) and curcumin are two photosensitizer drugs having the capability in use of PDT. The therapeutic potential of BPD and curcumin as photosensitizers is limited by their low aqueous solubility and applicability. In this study, it is aimed to increase the bioavailability of these drugs to induce antitumor activity in the tumor cells. Liposomes and PLGA-based polymeric nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) are used as the drug carrier nanoparticles which have been considered as perfect carriers for cancer therapeutics and they are remarkably used in cancer therapy. BPD and curcumin-loaded liposomes and PLGA NPs were synthesized and characterized in terms of size, zeta potential, drug encapsulation efficiency and morphology. These nanoparticles were targeted towards breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) in vitro MTS cytotoxicity assays and imaging.
Hairy black holes in theories with massive gravitons
Creators: name: Volkov, Mikhail S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a brief survey of the known black hole solutions in the theories of ghost-free bigravity and massive gravity. Various black holes exist in these theories, in particular those supporting a massive graviton hair. However, it seems that solutions which could be astrophysically relevant are the same as in General Relativity, or very close to them. Therefore, the no-hair conjecture essentially applies, and so it would be hard to detect the graviton mass by observing black holes.
description: References added. 20 pages, 3 figures, based on the talk given at the 7-th Aegean Summer School "Beyond Einstein's theory of gravity", September 2013
title: Objective Analysis of Preschoolers Physical Activity Patterns during Free Playtime
Creators: name: Greever, Cory
name: Sirard, John
name: Alhassan, Sofiya
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: PURPOSE: Preschool-age children are not meeting the recommended levels of daily physical activity (PA), leading states to implement policies requiring preschools to provide students with 30-60 minutes of free playtime. Preschoolers’ activity patterns are intermittent nature. It is possible that current PA policies are not conducive in increasing PA in preschoolers. Currently, there is no data on the temporal patterns of PA intensities during preschoolers’ free playtime. The purpose of this study was to examine the temporal patterns of preschoolers’ PA levels during a typical 30-minute playtime.

METHODS: Baseline playtime accelerometer counts from three preschool intervention studies were utilized (n=363, age=4.0±0.8 years). Thirty minutes of data were collected using 15-second epochs and classified into sedentary, light and moderate-to-vigorous intensity, and averaged in 5-minute blocks [B1 (0-5minute)-B6 (25-30minute)]. Differences between blocks were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA, with a Bonferroni correction for pairwise comparisons.

RESULTS: There were significant main effects for percent epochs in sedentary (F (5, 1625)=3.73, p=0.0003), light (F (5, 1625)=2.65, p=0.02) and MVPA (MVPA, F (5, 1625)=2.87, p<0.0001). The percent of sedentary epochs significantly decreased from B1 to B4 and never significantly increased. The percent of MVPA epochs significantly increased between B1 and B4, significantly decreasing at B5.

CONCLUSIONS: The present data suggest that PA strategies should be implemented to improve the activity level of preschoolers within the first and last 10-minutes of a 30-min playtime or providing more frequent, but shorter playtimes. Additional research is needed to understand the play patterns of preschoolers during shorter/longer playtimes.