cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 4 of Association between osteoarthritis and unmet medical needs in Korea: limitations in activities as a mediator
Creators: name: Hooin Jo
name: Eun-San Kim
name: Boyoung Jung
name: Sung, Soo-Hyun
name: Ha, In-Hyuk
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Table S3. Effects on unmet needs are presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval). Propensity score matching using nearest method with 0.01 caliper was used. TE total effects, NDE natural direct effects, NIE natural indirect effects.
Ultrafast Topological Engineering in Metamaterials
Creators: name: Yu, Renwen
name: Alaee, Rasoul
name: Boyd, Robert W.
name: de Abajo, F. Javier García
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transient optical heating provides an efficient way to trigger phase transitions in naturally occurring media through ultrashort laser pulse irradiation. A similar approach could be used to induce topological phase transitions in the photonic response of suitably engineered artificial structures known as metamaterials. Here, we predict a topological transition in the isofrequency dispersion contours of a layered graphene metamaterial under optical pumping. We show that the contour topology transforms from elliptic to hyperbolic within a subpicosecond timescale by exploiting the extraordinary photothermal properties of graphene. This new phenomenon allows us to theoretically demonstrate applications in engineering the decay rate of proximal optical emitters, ultrafast beam steering, and dynamical far-field subwavelength imaging. Our study opens a disruptive approach toward ultrafast control of light emission, beam steering, and optical image processing.
High-mass star formation within the bright-rimmed cloud SFO 79
Creators: name: Urquhart, J. S.
name: Thompson, M. A.
name: Morgan, L. K.
name: White, Glenn J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report Radio Recombination Line (RRL) and continuum observations toward the IRAS point source 16362--4845, embedded within the Bright-Rimmed Cloud (BRC) SFO 79, a small molecular cloud lying at the edge of the HII region RCW 108. High resolution observations of the H92alpha hydrogen recombination line and of the continuum emission (3.6 and 6 cm) confirm the presence of a resolved Ultra Compact (UC) HII region embedded within the molecular cloud. The integrated radio fluxes suggest the source of the ionisation to be an O9 Zero Age Main Sequence (ZAMS) star. Millimetre observations of 12CO, 13CO and C18O (J=1--0) molecular lines reveal the presence of a molecular condensation offset \~30 arcsec to the north of the IRAS position on the boundary of the UC HII region. Analysis of 2MASS data has led to the identification of a small IR cluster of Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) that are positionally coincident with the UC HII region, lying to the south east of the peak of the radio emission. Moreover, the UC HII region appears to be extended in the direction of the IR cluster, which suggests that the radio emission and the IR cluster are in some way related to each other. MSX 8.3 micron and 21.3 micron images have been used to trace the large scale structure of the BRC, revealing the presence of a Photo Dominated Region (PDR) and three embedded thermal sources within the molecular cloud. The alignment of the three thermal sources along a line parallel to the bright rim suggests that they could have been triggered by the propagation of a plane parallel shock through the cloud.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures, the images in this version are low resolution. High resolution images are available on request from the lead author
Low frequency conductance fluctuations (1/f^αnoise) in 15nm Ag nanowires: Implication on its stability
Creators: name: Bid, Aveek
name: Bora, Achyut
name: Raychaudhuri, A. K.
name: Chakravortya, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the low frequency (1mHz
description: 5 pages, 5 figures. Published in Physical Review B
Framework for a model of ecosystem based community development for the Bribris of Mojoncito, Costa Rica
Creators: name: Grandy, Jake Brionn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The conventional model of development, which unduly emphasizes the economic component, has claimed that through modernization and trade liberalization, poverty among the world's rural poor would be alleviated. A growing body of scholarly literature suggests that this is not the case and the conventional model of development is widening the gap between rich and poor and severely damaging the ecosystem in the process. This thesis examines the development experience of a small community of Bribri indigenous farmers in Costa Rica to determine if their present path of development has increased their well-being, and if it is ecologically sustainable. It also examined the traditional ecological knowledge of the Bribris to determine if it could be used as an alternative basis of community development. The final aim of this thesis was to develop a framework of a model of ecosystem based community development for the Bribri community. Through Ecological Footprint Analysis and Participatory Research, I found that of the three systems analysed (traditional polyculture, organic banana monoculture, conventional plantain monoculture), the two farming systems typical of the conventional model of development: organic banana production, conventional (chemically-based) plantain production, had larger footprints and therefore are less sustainable than the traditional polyculture farm based on the ecological knowledge of the Bribris. Through interviews with Bribri farmers and other independent research, a foundation for an ecosystem-based model of development was formulated which involved both farm design strategies and organizational strategies for the community.
Point Contact Spectroscopy of Superconducting Gap Anisotropy in Nickel Borocarbide Compound LuNi2B2C
Creators: name: Bobrov, N. L.
name: Beloborod'ko, S. I.
name: Tyutrina, L. V.
name: Yanson, I. K.
name: Naugle, D. G.
name: Rathnayaka, K. D. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Point contacts are used to investigate the anisotropy of the superconducting energy gap in LuNi2B2C in the ab plane and along the c axis. It is shown that the experimental curves should be described assuming that the superconducting gap is non-uniformly distributed over the Fermi surface. The largest and the smallest gaps have been estimated by two-gap fitting models. It is found that the largest contribution to the point-contact conductivity in the c direction is made by a smaller gap and, in the ab plane by a larger gap. The deviation from the one-gap BCS model is pronounced in the temperature dependence of the gap in both directions. The temperature range, where the deviation occurs, is for the c direction approximately 1.5 times more than in the ab plane. The Γparameter, allowing quantitatively estimate the gap anisotropy by one-gap fitting, in c direction is also about 1.5 times greater than in the ab plane. Since it is impossible to describe satisfactorily such gap distribution either by the one- or two-gap models, a continuous, dual-maxima model of gap distribution over the Fermi surface should be used to describe superconductivity in this material.
description: 10 pages, 14 Figs, accepted in PRB
Suggestions for the Road to Copenhagen
Creators: name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Zhao, Jinhua
name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Zhao, Jinhua
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Kyoto protocol
subject: escape clause
subject: emissions trade
subject: taxes versus cap and trade
subject: price stability
subject: carbon leakage
subject: trade restrictions
subject: differentiated responsibility
subject: clean development mechanism
subject: sectoral agreements

description: We provide a unified discussion of the issues that confront negotiators of the next international climate agreement. We offer a novel proposal that entitles countries to discharge their treaty obligations by paying a “fine”. This escape clause provides cost insurance, simplifies the problem of enforcing compliance, and increases incentives to participate in the agreement. We explain why developed country obligations should rely on a cap and trade commitment rather than carbon taxes. A Central Bank maintains stability of carbon prices by defending a price ceiling and floor. An so-called intensity target is not a good alternative to an emissions cap. Modest trade restrictions, consistent with WTO law, will form an important part of the next agreement. Developed and developing countries have differentiated responsibilities. Developing countries do not adopt binding targets at the next round of negotiations, but they accept the principle of binding targets in the subsequent agreement, beginning in the early 2020s. Developed country participation relies on a reformed CDM and sectoral agreements that are financed by the sale of emissions permits.
Diffusion-based height analysis reveals robust microswimmer-wall separation
Creators: name: Ketzetzi, Stefania
name: de Graaf, Joost
name: Kraft, Daniela J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microswimmers typically move near walls, which can strongly influence their motion. However, direct experimental measurements of swimmer-wall separation remain elusive to date. Here, we determine this separation for model catalytic microswimmers from the height dependence of the passive component of their mean-squared displacement. We find that swimmers exhibit "ypsotaxis", a tendency to assume a fixed height above the wall for a range of salt concentrations, swimmer surface charges, and swimmer sizes. Our findings indicate that ypsotaxis is activity-induced, posing restrictions on future modeling of their still debated propulsion mechanism.
NNLO QCD predictions of the asymmetry probe of the $Zγ$ pair-production process
Creators: name: Saygin, Kadir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper presents for the first time a novel idea of exploiting asymmetry between differential cross sections of the $Zγ$ pair-production in proton-proton ($pp$) collisions for the final states of a charged-lepton pair plus a photon $pp \rightarrow Zγ\rightarrow l^{+}l^{-}γ$ (leptonic decay) and of a neutrino pair plus a photon $pp \rightarrow Z γ\rightarrow ν\barνγ$ (invisible decay). Asymmetry between the leptonic and invisible decays of the $Zγ$ process is investigated by using fixed-order predictions through inclusion of next-to-next-to-leading (NNLO) radiative corrections in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) perturbation theory. NNLO QCD predictions are presented at various $pp$-collision energies as functions of several key observables including transverse momenta and azimuthal-angle separation, regarding the $Zγ$ decay products. The predicted distributions for the $Zγ$ asymmetry are provided based on realistic fiducial phase-space requirements in line with the related hadron-collider measurements. The predicted distributions are assessed at various $pp$-collision energies and in different phase-space regions such as with higher lepton-pair invariant mass $m^{l^{+}l^{-}}$ or higher neutrino-pair transverse momentum $p_{\rm{T}}^{ν\barν}$ requirements. The $Zγ$ asymmetry is shown to be significantly sensitive in different regions of phase space including high-$m^{l^{+}l^{-}}$ and high-$p_{\rm{T}}^{ν\barν}$ regions. The $Zγ$ asymmetry can therefore be translated into an important quantity for probing deviation from the Standard Model (SM) predictions. In this regard, the asymmetry probe is proposed as a sensitive indicator for indirect searches for physics beyond the SM encompassing high-mass resonances and dark-matter sector.
description: 25 pages, 10 figures
On the parabolic-elliptic Keller-Segel system with signal-dependent motilities: a paradigm for global boundedness and steady states
Creators: name: Wang, Zhi-An
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35A01, 35B44, 35K57, 35Q92, 92C17

description: This paper is concerned with a parabolic-elliptic Keller-Segel system where both diffusive and chemotactic coefficients (motility functions) depend on the chemical signal density. This system was originally proposed by Keller and Segel in \cite{KS-1971-JTB2} to describe the aggregation phase of {\it Dictyostelium discoideum} cells in response to the secreted chemical signal cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), but the available analytical results are very limited by far. Considering system in a bounded smooth domain with Neumann boundary conditions, we establish the global boundedness of solutions in any dimensions with suitable general conditions on the signal-dependent motility functions, which are applicable to a wide class of motility functions. The existence/nonexistence of non-constant steady states is studied and abundant stationary profiles are found. Some open questions are outlined for further pursues. Our results demonstrate that the global boundedness and profile of stationary solutions to the Keller-Segel system with signal-dependent motilities depend on the decay rates of motility functions, space dimensions and the relation between the diffusive and chemotactic motilities, which makes the dynamics immensely wealthy.
High Mass Star Formation I: The Mass Distribution of Submillimeter Clumps in NGC 7538
Creators: name: Reid, M. A.
name: Wilson, C. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present submillimeter continuum maps at 450 and 850 microns of a 12 x 8 arcminute region of the NGC 7538 high-mass star-forming region, made using the Submillimeter Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. We used an automated clump-finding algorithm to identify 67 clumps in the 450 micron image and 77 in the 850 micron image. Contrary to previous studies, we find a positive correlation between high spectral index, alpha, and high submillimeter flux, with the difference being accounted for by different treatments of the error beam. We interpret the higher spectral index at submillimeter peaks as a reflection of elevated dust temperature, particularly when there is an embedded infrared source, though it may also reflect changing dust properties. The clump mass-radius relationship is well-fit by a power law of the form M \propto R^(-x) with x = 1.5-2.1, consistent with theories of turbulently-supported clumps. According to our most reliable analysis, the high-mass end (approx. 100-2700 M_sun) of the submillimeter clump mass function in NGC 7538 follows a Salpeter-like power law with index 2.0 +/- 0.3. This result agrees well with similar studies of lower-mass regions rho Oph and Orion B. We interpret the apparent invariance of the shape of the clump mass function over a broad range of parent cloud masses as evidence for the self-similarity of the physical processes which determine it. This result is consistent with models which suggest that turbulent fragmentation, acting at early times, is sufficient to set the clump mass function.
description: 37 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Transient Blurring of the Scintillation Arc of Pulsar B1737+13
Creators: name: Chen, Yen-Hua
name: Siegel, Samuel
name: Baker, Daniel
name: Pen, Ue-Li
name: Stinebring, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For many pulsars, the scattering structures responsible for scintillation are typically dominated by a single, thin screen along the line of sight, which persists for years or decades. In recent years, an increasing number of doubly-lensed events have been observed, where a secondary lens crosses the line of sight. This causes additional or distorted scintillation arcs over time scales ranging from days to months. In this work we report such a transient event for pulsar B1737+13 and propose a possible lensing geometry including the distance to both lenses, and the orientation of the main screen. Using phase retrieval techniques to separate the two lenses in the wavefield, we report a curvature and rate of motion of features associated with the secondary lens as it passed through the line of sight. By fitting the annual variation of the curvature, we report a possible distance and orientation for the main screen. The distance of the secondary lens is found by mapping the secondary feature onto the sky and tracking its position over time for different distances. We validate this method using B0834+06, for which the screen solutions are known through VLBI, and successfully recover the correct solution for the secondary feature. With the identified lensing geometry, we are able to estimate the size of the secondary lens, 1 - 3 au. Although this an appropriate size for a structure that could cause an extreme scattering event, we do not have conclusive evidence for or against that possibility.
description: 20 pages, 19 figures
The unusual morphology of the intragroup medium in NGC 5171
Creators: name: Osmond, John P. F.
name: Ponman, Trevor J.
name: Finoguenov, Alexis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a 24 ks XMM-Newton observation of the NGC 5171 group of galaxies. NGC 5171 is unusual in that it is an X-ray bright group (L > 10^42 erg/s), with irregular contours which are not centred on a bright galaxy. The global spectrum is adequately described by a single temperature APEC model with T = 0.96 +/- 0.04 keV, and Z = 0.13 +/- 0.02 Zsol, in good agreement with previous ROSAT data. We find the X-ray contours are centred on a bright ridge of emission stretching from the BGG to a nearby galaxy. Spectral mapping reveals this ridge to be both cool (T ~ 1.1 keV) and metallic (Z ~ 0.4 Zsol) in comparison to its surrounding, suggesting it is the result of a tidal interaction between the two galaxies. Optical data reveals the member galaxies to have a high velocity dispersion (sigma = 494 +/- 99 km/s), and a significantly non-Gaussian velocity distribution, suggesting the group is in the process of merging. A region of hot gas with T = 1.58 +/- 0.36 keV is found to the West of the bright central ridge, and we interpret this as shock-heating resulting from the merging. A further region of emission to the South-East of the bright central ridge, with T = 1.14 +/- 0.13 keV, is probably associated with a background group, four times more distant.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, to be published in MNRAS
International Environmental Agreements: Emissions trade, safety valves and escape clauses
Creators: name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Zhao, Jinhua
name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Zhao, Jinhua
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Kyoto Protocol
subject: escape clause
subject: emissions trade
subject: cost uncertainty
subject: participation game
subject: International Environmental Agreement

description: We explain how the structure of multi-national or multi-regional environmental agreements affect their chance of success. Trade in emissions permits has ambiguous and in some cases surprising effects on both the equilibrium level of abatement, and on the ability to persuade nations or regions to participate in environmental agreements. An escape clause policy and a safety valve policy have essentially the same properties when membership in environmental agreement is pre-determined, but they create markedly different effects on the incentives to join such an agreement. The two policies lead to a qualitative difference in the leverage that a potential member of the agreement exercises on other members.
Ultraviolet Line Identifications and Spectral Formation Near Max-Light in Type Ia Supernovae 2011fe
Creators: name: DerKacy, James M.
name: Baron, E.
name: Branch, David
name: Hoeflich, Peter
name: Hauschildt, Peter
name: Brown, Peter J.
name: Wang, Lifan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present ultraviolet line identifications of near maximum-light HST observations of SN 2011fe using synthetic spectra generated from both SYNOW and $\texttt{PHOENIX}$. We find the spectrum to be dominated by blends of iron group elements Fe, Co, and Ni (as expected due to heavy line blanketing by these elements in the UV) and for the first time identify lines from C IV and Si IV in a supernova spectrum. We also find that classical delayed detonation models of Type Ia supernovae are able to accurately reproduce the flux levels of SN 2011fe in the UV. Further analysis reveals that photionization edges play an important role in feature formation in the far-UV, and that temperature variations in the outer layers of the ejecta significantly alter the Fe III/Fe II ratio producing large flux changes in the far-UV and velocity shifts in mid-UV features. SN 2011fe is the best observed core-normal SNe Ia, therefore analysis its of UV spectra shows the power of UV spectra in discriminating between different metalicities and progenitor scenarios of Type Ia supernovae, due to the fact that the UV probes the outermost layers of the Type Ia supernova, which are most sensitive to metalicity and progenitor variations.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Non-perturbative Enhancement of Heavy Quark-Antiquark Pair Annihilation in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
Creators: name: Wu, Xin
name: He, Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The annihilation of heavy particles close to thermal equilibrium, which plays a prominent role in the chemical equilibration of heavy quarks in the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) as well as in many classic dark matter scenarios, is reexamined. We derive a scattering amplitude that resums near-threshold attractive interaction of the annihilating particles in terms of the non-relativistic scattering $T$-matrix and Green's function, thereby capturing the pertinent Sommerfeld enhancement from both nonperturbative scattering state and bound state solutions. The derived formula is of such generality that it applies to arbitrary partial wave processes of two-particle annihilation, and enables to incorporate finite widths of the annihilating particles. In a screened potential model, the non-perturbative scattering amplitude is computed and the Sommerfeld enhancement is identified for heavy quark-antiquark annihilation in the QGP.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Serial Scammers and Attack of the Clones: How Scammers Coordinate Multiple Rug Pulls on Decentralized Exchanges
Creators: name: Huynh, Phuong Duy
name: Dau, Son Hoang
name: Huppert, Nicholas
name: Cervenjak, Joshua
name: Sun, Hoonie
name: Tran, Hong Yen
name: Li, Xiaodong
name: Viterbo, Emanuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We explored the ubiquitous phenomenon of serial scammers, each of whom deployed dozens to thousands of addresses to conduct a series of similar Rug Pulls on popular decentralized exchanges. We first constructed two datasets of around 384,000 scammer addresses behind all one-day Simple Rug Pulls on Uniswap (Ethereum) and Pancakeswap (BSC), and identified distinctive scam patterns including star, chain, and major (scam-funding) flow. These patterns, which collectively cover about $40\%$ of all scammer addresses in our datasets, reveal typical ways scammers run multiple Rug Pulls and organize the money flow among different addresses. We then studied the more general concept of scam cluster, which comprises scammer addresses linked together via direct ETH/BNB transfers or behind the same scam pools. We found that scam token contracts are highly similar within each cluster (average similarities $>70\%$) and dissimilar across different clusters (average similarities $<30\%$), corroborating our view that each cluster belongs to the same scammer/scam organization. Lastly, we analyze the scam profit of individual scam pools and clusters, employing a novel cluster-aware profit formula that takes into account the important role of wash traders. The analysis shows that the existing formula inflates the profit by at least $32\%$ on Uniswap and $24\%$ on Pancakeswap.
description: Accepted by WWW'25
Joint galaxy-galaxy lensing and clustering constraints on galaxy formation
Creators: name: Renneby, Malin
name: Henriques, Bruno M. B.
name: Hilbert, Stefan
name: Nelson, Dylan
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
name: Angulo, Raúl E.
name: Springel, Volker
name: Hernquist, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare predictions for galaxy-galaxy lensing profiles and clustering from the Henriques et al. (2015) public version of the Munich semi-analytical model of galaxy formation (SAM) and the IllustrisTNG suite, primarily TNG300, with observations from KiDS+GAMA and SDSS-DR7 using four different selection functions for the lenses (stellar mass, stellar mass and group membership, stellar mass and isolation criteria, stellar mass and colour). We find that this version of the SAM does not agree well with the current data for stellar mass-only lenses with $M_\ast > 10^{11}\,M_\odot$. By decreasing the merger time for satellite galaxies as well as reducing the radio-mode AGN accretion efficiency in the SAM, we obtain better agreement, both for the lensing and the clustering, at the high mass end. We show that the new model is consistent with the signals for central galaxies presented in Velliscig et al. (2017). Turning to the hydrodynamical simulation, TNG300 produces good lensing predictions, both for stellar mass-only ($χ^2 = 1.81$ compared to $χ^2 = 7.79$ for the SAM), and locally brightest galaxies samples ($χ^2 = 3.80$ compared to $χ^2 = 5.01$). With added dust corrections to the colours it matches the SDSS clustering signal well for red low mass galaxies. We find that both the SAMs and TNG300 predict $\sim 50\,\%$ excessive lensing signals for intermediate mass red galaxies with $10.2 < \log_{10} M_\ast [ M_\odot ] < 11.2$ at $r \approx 0.6\,h^{-1}\,\mathrm{Mpc}$, which require further theoretical development.
description: 30 pages, 20 figures, 10 tables, minor revisions, matches version accepted by MNRAS
Additional file 1 of Association between osteoarthritis and unmet medical needs in Korea: limitations in activities as a mediator
Creators: name: Hooin Jo
name: Eun-San Kim
name: Boyoung Jung
name: Sung, Soo-Hyun
name: Ha, In-Hyuk
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Table S1. Sociodemographic characteristics of the population according to severity. Values are presented as number (percentage) and mean ± standard deviation. OA: Osteoarthritis.
The Limits of Motion Prediction Support for Ad hoc Wireless Network Performance
Creators: name: Bush, Stephen F.
name: Smith, Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2.1

description: A fundamental understanding of gain provided by motion prediction in wireless ad hoc routing is currently lacking. This paper examines benefits in routing obtainable via prediction. A theoretical best-case non-predictive routing model is quantified in terms of both message overhead and update time for non-predictive routing. This best- case model of existing routing performance is compared with predictive routing. Several specific instances of predictive improvements in routing are examined. The primary contribution of this paper is quantification of predictive gain for wireless ad hoc routing.
description: Introduces flash routing
Sacrifice, discounting and climate policy: five questions
Creators: name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Karp, Larry S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: climate change
subject: discounting
subject: intergenerational conflict
subject: catastrophic risk
subject: hyperbolic discounting

description: I provide a selective review of discounting and climate policy. After reviewing evidence on the importance of the discount rate in setting policy, I ask whether standard models tend to exaggerate the sacrifices that the current generation needs to undertake in order to internalize climate damages. I then consider whether the risk of catastrophic damage really overwhelms discounting, in the determination of optimal policy. I revisit the question of how we actually think about the distant future.
Additional file 2 of Association between osteoarthritis and unmet medical needs in Korea: limitations in activities as a mediator
Creators: name: Hooin Jo
name: Eun-San Kim
name: Boyoung Jung
name: Sung, Soo-Hyun
name: Ha, In-Hyuk
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Table S2. Sociodemographic characteristics of the population according to severity by mediators. Values are presented as number (percentage) and mean ± standard deviation. OA: Osteoarthritis.
Quantum thermal machine as a rectifier
Creators: name: Santiago-García, M.
name: Pusuluk, O.
name: Müstecaplıoğlu, Ö. E.
name: Çakmak, B.
name: Román-Ancheyta, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a chain of interacting individual quantum systems connected to heat baths at different temperatures on both ends. Starting with the two-system case, we thoroughly investigate the conditions for heat rectification (asymmetric heat conduction), compute thermal conductance, and generalize the results to longer chains. We find that heat rectification in the weak coupling regime can be independent of the chain length and that negative differential thermal conductance occurs. We also examine the relationship between heat rectification with entanglement and the entropy production. In the strong coupling regime, the system exhibits an asymmetric Rabi-type splitting in the thermal conductance, leading to enhanced heat transport and improved rectification inaccessible in the weak coupling. This setup represents the simplest quantum thermal machine that consumes incoherent resources and delivers entanglement while acting as a rectifier and heat valve.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Supply Chain Issues in China’s Milk Adulteration Incident
Creators: name: Gale, H. Frederick
name: Hu, Dinghuan
name: Gale, H. Frederick
name: Hu, Dinghuan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: China
subject: milk
subject: dairy industry
subject: food safety
subject: adulteration
subject: market structure
subject: supply chain

description: China’s melamine milk adulteration crisis highlights the challenges that arise as large well-capitalized companies procure raw materials from a diffused supply chain of scattered small farmers and milk collection stations. As milk prices climbed sharply in 2007 and companies branched out into new territories, intense competition for raw milk supplies strengthened incentives to water down and adulterate milk. Effective food safety measures must account for incentives, the distribution of market power in the supply chain and market dynamics.
Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of point defects in polyaniline (C3N) and graphene monolayers: A comparative study
Creators: name: Sevim, K.
name: Sevinçli, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The newly synthesized two-dimensional polyaniline (C3N) is structurally similar to graphene, and has interesting electronic, magnetic, optical, and thermal properties. Motivated by the fact that point defects in graphene give rise to interesting features, like magnetization in an all carbon material, we perform density functional theory calculations to investigate vacancy and Stone-Wales type point defects in monolayer C3N. We compare and contrast the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of these defects with those in graphene. While monovacancies and Stone-Wales defects of C3N result in reconstructions similar to those in graphene, divacancies display dissimilar geometrical features. Different from graphene, all vacancies in C3N have metallic character because of altered stoichiometry, those which have low-coordinated atoms have finite magnetic moments. We further investigate the robustness of the reconstructed structures and the changes in the magnetic moments by applying tensile and compressive biaxial strain. We find that, with the advantage of finite band gap, point defects in C3N are qualified as good candidates for future spintronics applications.
Galaxy mass profiles from strong lensing III: The two-dimensional broken power-law model
Creators: name: O'Riordan, Conor M.
name: Warren, Stephen J.
name: Mortlock, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When modelling strong gravitational lenses, i.e., where there are multiple images of the same source, the most widely used parameterisation for the mass profile in the lens galaxy is the singular power-law model $ρ(r)\propto r^{-γ}$. This model may be insufficiently flexible for very accurate work, for example measuring the Hubble constant based on time delays between multiple images. Here we derive the lensing properties - deflection angle, shear, and magnification - of a more adaptable model where the projected mass surface density is parameterised as a continuous two-dimensional broken power-law (2DBPL). This elliptical 2DBPL model is characterised by power-law slopes $t_1$, $t_2$ either side of the break radius $θ_\mathrm{B}$. The key to the 2DBPL model is the derivation of the lensing properties of the truncated power law (TPL) model, where the surface density is a power law out to the truncation radius $θ_\mathrm{T}$ and zero beyond. This TPL model is also useful by itself. We create mock observations of lensing by a TPL profile where the images form outside the truncation radius, so there is no mass in the annulus covered by the images. We then show that the slope of the profile interior to the images may be accurately recovered for lenses of moderate ellipticity. This demonstrates that the widely-held notion that lensing measures the slope of the mass profile in the annulus of the images, and is insensitive to the mass distribution at radii interior to the images, is incorrect.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Reduction and Coherent States
Creators: name: Rousseva, Jenia
name: Uribe, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Q20 (Primary), 35S30 (Secondary)

description: We apply a quantum version of dimensional reduction to Gaussian coherent states in Bargmann space to obtain squeezed states on complex projective spaces. This leads to a definition of a family of squeezed spin states with excellent semi-classical properties, governed by a symbol calculus. We prove semiclassical norm estimates and a propagation result.
description: 33 pages, 4 figures
Vulnerability and vigilance : exploring communication in the care of patients with End Stage Renal Disease
Creators: name: Mahoney, Karen M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: For patients living with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), encounters with health care providers are frequent and long-term. Communication forms much of the basis of these encounters and yet little is known about communication in ESRD care. This study was thus undertaken in an attempt to develop some preliminary understandings of helpful and unhelpful communication in the context of the care of these patients. Interpretive description was the qualitative method utilized in this study, where the investigator posed the question: How do individuals with ESRD explain and describe helpful and unhelpful communication in renal disease care? Eight people participated in this study. Four women and three men who had been diagnosed with ESRD for at least five years were interviewed regarding their experiences of communication. One family member of a patient with ESRD also participated. Participants had experienced at least one of the four treatment modalities, and several had experienced all four, thereby providing perspectives from the full range of ESRD treatments, where patient-provider communication take varying forms. Descriptions of helpful and unhelpful communication with ESRD care providers, were grouped into two major themes that illuminate the complexities of communicating while experiencing illness and dealing with a changing and complex health care system. Vulnerability and vigilance were those themes, within which several sub-themes arose. Specifically, being ill, recognizing that care is fragmented and that not all providers are helpful communicators were contributors to vulnerability. In an effort to mediate this vulnerability, participants undertook vigilant behaviors, such as getting educated in order to monitor the activities expected of providers, and creating networks of health care allies who were supportive and helpful. Participants thus functioned, in varying ways, as coordinators of their own care and utilized their health care allies to provide advice, emotional and political support, depending on what was necessary in the moment. However, the work of vigilance proved to be considerable. The communication and responsibilities involved in coordinating care, maintaining networks and ensuring the appropriateness of care presented unique challenges for participants. The findings of this study suggest that ESRD care providers might benefit from further consideration about the ways in which health care is communicated, organized, and delivered in order to make illness management less burdensome for patients.
Two-Dimensional Single- and Multiple-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy in Zero-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Creators: name: Sjolander, Tobias F.
name: Blanchard, John W.
name: Budker, Dmitry
name: Pines, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present single- and multiple-quantum correlation $J$-spectroscopy detected in zero ($
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Jordanian Quantum Deformations of D=4 Anti-de-Sitter and Poincare Superalgebras
Creators: name: Borowiec, A.
name: Lukierski, J.
name: Tolstoy, V. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a superextension of the extended Jordanian twist, describing nonstandard quantization of anti-de-Sitter ($AdS$) superalgebra $osp(1|4)$ in the form of Hopf superalgebra. The super-Jordanian twisting function and corresponding basic coproduct formulae for the generators of $osp(1|4)$ are given in explicit form. The nonlinear transformation of the classical superalgebra basis not modifying the defining algebraic relations but simplifying coproducts and antipodes is proposed. Our physical application is to interpret the new super-Jordanian deformation of $osp(1|4)$ superalgebra as deformed D=4 $AdS$ supersymmetries. Subsequently we perform suitable contraction of quantum Jordanian $AdS$ superalgebra and obtain new $κ$-deformation of D=4 Poincare superalgebra, with the bosonic sector describing the light cone $κ$-deformation of Poincare symmetries.
description: LaTeX,13 pages, comments and references added, to be published in Eur.Phys.J.C
Additional file 1 of Effectiveness of diet and physical activity interventions among Chinese-origin populations living in high income countries: a systematic review
Creators: name: Beasley, Jeannette M.
name: Wagnild, Janelle M.
name: Pollard, Tessa M.
name: Roberts, Timothy R.
name: Ahkter, Nasima
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1 Ovid Medline Database Search Strategy.
Improving Graph Convolutional Networks with Transformer Layer in social-based items recommendation
Creators: name: Hoang, Thi Linh
name: Pham, Tuan Dung
name: Ta, Viet Cuong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we have proposed an approach for improving the GCN for predicting ratings in social networks. Our model is expanded from the standard model with several layers of transformer architecture. The main focus of the paper is on the encoder architecture for node embedding in the network. Using the embedding layer from the graph-based convolution layer, the attention mechanism could rearrange the feature space to get a more efficient embedding for the downstream task. The experiments showed that our proposed architecture achieves better performance than GCN on the traditional link prediction task.
Cites on the edge : periurbanisation in South-East China
Creators: name: Anderson, Samantha
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In this thesis, I examine the process of urbanisation in several peri-urban villages surrounding the medium-sized city of Quanzhou, in Fujian Province, China. I look at several villages in various states of incorporation into the city proper, and examine the meaning of urbanisation from physical, social and administrative perspectives. Primary material is based on interviews with municipal, neighbourhood and village officials, with migrant workers and residents of peri-urban villages. Some of the major changes of the reform era in China are discussed as they pertain to urbanisation, including the transformation from a primarily agricultural economy to a primarily industrial one, and the mass movement of labour migrants from rural to urban areas in search of employment. I describe and critique Quanzhou's Master Plan. I argue that the gradual approach the city has taken to this point in incorporating peri-urban villages into the core is a better approach than the Master Plan, and that the Master Plan is more an attempt by government officials to satisfy a need for control and response to a more generalised concern of the perceived problems of peri-urban areas than a way to address actual conditions in Quanzhou.
Crop insurance market development in a transition economy: The case of Kazakhstan
Creators: name: Heidelbach, Olaf
name: Bokusheva, Raushan
name: Heidelbach, Olaf
name: Bokusheva, Raushan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Risk-management
subject: crop insurance
subject: institutions
subject: mathematical programming
subject: Kazakhstan

description: We analyze the current state and future requirements of an agricultural income stabilization mechanism in a transition country – namely, the crop insurance system in Kazakhstan. Three objectives will be pursued: First, factors influencing the development of the crop insurance market will be identified. Second, insurance’s capabilities to efficiently stabilize income under transition circumstances will be evaluated. Finally, recommendations for developing crop insurance as an effective income stabilization tool will be provided. Results indicate that the prevailing institutional framework for establishing a sustainable crop insurance system is rather weak, and available insurance products are not preventing the problem of asymmetric information to a satisfying degree. Examination of potential insurance products suggests that area-yield and weather-index insurance is most appropriate under transition conditions. This evaluation is supported by the results of a mathematical programming model, which tests the utility-efficiency of various risk-management instruments.
Wavelength Assignment in Quantum Access Networks with Hybrid Wireless-Fiber Links
Creators: name: Bahrani, Sima
name: Elmabrok, Osama
name: Currás-Lorenzo, Guillermo
name: Razavi, Mohsen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a low-complexity near-optimal wavelength allocation technique for quantum key distribution access networks that rely on wavelength division multiple access. Such networks would allow users to send quantum and classical signals simultaneously on the same optical fiber infrastructure. Users can be connected to the access network via optical wireless or wired links. We account for the background noise present in the environment, as well as the Raman noise generated by classical channels, and calculate the secret key generation rate for quantum channels in the finite-key setting. This allows us to examine the feasibility of such systems in realistic scenarios when the secret key exchange needs to be achieved in a limited time scale. Our numerical results show that, by proper choice of system parameters for this noisy system, it is possible to exchange a secret key in tens of seconds. Moreover, our proposed algorithm can enhance the key rate of quantum channels, especially in high noise and/or high loss regimes of operation.