cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lithium and its isotopes as a tracer of fluid flow mechanisms in the Catalina Schist melange zone
Creators: name: Roble, Leigh Anne
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geology
subject: catalina schist
subject: isotopes
subject: lithium
subject: melange

description: Mélange zones are areas of highly mixed and deformed rock believed to form from shearing between subducting slab and peridotite mantle wedge. They have high -pressure/low-temperature mineral assemblages and contain a fine-grained matrix with centimeter to meter scale blocks surrounded by rinds, thought to represent a reaction zone between the block and matrix. These rinds are not well understood, but could be formed due to mechanical mixing, diffusion, or infiltration. Lithium is used to determine the role played by fluid-mediated processes in the Catalina Schist mélange zone because it is fluid mobile and has high diffusivity. Samples from amphibolite, lawsonite-blueschist, and lawsonite-albite facies were retrieved from the Catalina Schist subduction complex on Santa Catalina Island. Lithium isotopic compositions and concentrations were determined using mass spectrometry techniques. One-dimensional diffusion models were applied to the data to determine the extent of the different mechanisms responsible for fluid transport throughout the subduction complex.
"Pusasunki animayki suñuynikipi", nel tuo sogno ti porta la tua anima. Finestre oniriche: dialogo tra anima e mondo nei sogni sulle Ande
Creators: name: Cairati, Elisa
Publisher: name: Università degli  Studi di Milano
Year: 2015

description: "Pusasunki animayki suñuynikipi", nel tuo sogno ti porta la tua anima.

Finestre oniriche: dialogo tra anima e mondo nei sogni sulle Ande
description: Altre Modernità, 2015: NUMERO SPECIALE Finestre: sguardi e riflessi, trasparenze e opacità
Dall'antropologia filosofica all'ontologia sociale e ritorno: che fare con la sesta tesi di Marx su Feuerbach?
Creators: name: Balibar, Etienne
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2015
Subjects: Marx; Feuerbach; materia; transindividuale; soggetto

description: Il testo che qui presentiamo riproduce un articolo tratto dal volume miscellaneo Il transindividuale. Soggetti, relazioni, mutazioni, a cura di E. Balibar e V. Morfino, Mimesis, Milano 2014, (pp. 147-178).
description: Nóema, No 6-1 (2015): La materia
The Medium Amplitude Response of Nonlinear Maxwell-Oldroyd Type Models in Simple Shear
Creators: name: Lennon, Kyle R.
name: McKinley, Gareth H.
name: Swan, James W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general framework for Maxwell-Oldroyd type differential constitutive models is examined, in which an unspecified nonlinear function of the stress and rate-of-deformation tensors is incorporated into the well-known corotational version of the Jeffreys model discussed by Oldroyd. For medium amplitude simple shear deformations, the recently developed mathematical framework of medium amplitude parallel superposition (MAPS) rheology reveals that this generalized nonlinear Maxwell model can produce only a limited number of distinct signatures, which combine linearly in a well-posed basis expansion for the third order complex viscosity. This basis expansion represents a library of MAPS signatures for distinct constitutive models that are contained within the generalized nonlinear Maxwell model. We describe a framework for quantitative model identification using this basis expansion, and discuss its limitations in distinguishing distinct nonlinear features of the underlying constitutive models from medium amplitude shear stress data. The leading order contributions to the normal stress differences are also considered, revealing that only the second normal stress difference provides distinct information about the weakly nonlinear response space of the model. After briefly considering the conditions for time-strain separability within the generalized nonlinear Maxwell model, we apply the basis expansion of the third order complex viscosity to derive the medium amplitude signatures of the model in specific shear deformation protocols. Finally, we use these signatures for estimation of model parameters from rheological data obtained by these different deformation protocols, revealing that three-tone oscillatory shear deformations produce data that is readily able to distinguish all features of the medium amplitude, simple shear response space of this generalized class of constitutive models.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures
ATTITUDE OF ADOLESCENT SCHOOL CHILDREN TOWARDS GENDER ROLES
Creators: name: Vidyanand Khandagale
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 130308 Gender, Sexuality and Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: Gender roles are relative and subjective in nature as they differ from place to place. The roles performed by the parents at home and in the society are observed and perceived by an individual and accordingly it shapes their concepts and attitudes. The behavioural pattern, activities supposed to be performed and attributed are put forth by the society and eventually shape the attitude of men and women. The objective of the present study was to find out the attitudes of school-going adolescents towards gender roles based on the type of family they belong to and the occupations their parents are engaged in. Descriptive survey was conducted by administrating 19 statements among school going adolescents and it was found that the family type does not affect the attitude of adolescents towards gender roles wherein the adolescents whose mothers are working women are more progressive about their attitudes towards gender roles.
DESIGNING CONNECTED CURRICULUM FOR THE POST GRADUATE COURSE IN EDUCATION
Creators: name: Vidyanand Khandagale
name: Asmita Shinde
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 130202 Curriculum and Pedagogy Theory and Development
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: This paper explores the six dimensions and possibilities that the value–based connected curriculum framework offers to higher education. Keeping in view the world-wide trends in curriculum reforms, the researchers have made an attempt to find out the extent to which the connected curriculum framework is practised in the Master of Education course and based on the status and need analysis the connected curriculum design for the said course has been developed.
LEARNING STYLES AMONG POST GRADUATE STUDENTS: A STUDY
Creators: name: Vidyanand Khandagale
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 130309 Learning Sciences
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: Students are the cynosure in the education system and they are from different background having versatile style of learning. It is essential to give an opportunity to the student’s to express during the teaching learning process .Learning styles refer to a range of competing and contested theories that aim to account for differences in individuals' learning. Every student has their own learning styles. In this paper researchers had made an attempt to identify and explore the learning styles of Post Graduate Students belongs to different faculties with reference to curriculum. For the present study quantitative approach has been adopted and it was found that post graduate students preferred to have participant and Independent learning style
ESL for political action : a critical evaluation of the farmworkers ESL crusade and its Freire-inspired philosophy
Creators: name: Jackson, David Lee
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis evaluates the first three years of the Canadian Farmworkers Union ESL Crusade and the Freire-based philosophy which inspired it. Based on the author's three years of participant-observation, it pursues the following question: In the context of the union, is it possible to operate an ESL program which will both teach basic ESL and further the union's goal of organizing Punjabi farmworkers? The thesis begins by summarizing Freire's educational/ political philosophy, and continues by examining the program's context: conditions of farmwork in British Columbia, the role of CFU in improving them, and the dynamics of the Punjabi community which affect this process. This is followed by a detailed description and evaluation of the Crusade: its objectives, recruiting and training of volunteer tutors, teaching methods and materials, curriculum topics, organizing strategies, results in terms of both teaching ESL and organizing, and finally analysis of the program's limitations. The following section re-evaluates Freire's philosophy in view of three years experience in a North American setting. Key issues include the relationship between students' concerns and the union's agenda, dialogue versus banking, the complex nature of oppression for North American immigrants, the distinction between a realistic and idealistic frame of reference in operating and evaluating a program, and the importance of organizers reflecting on their own vested interests. All these issues proved salient to the daily operation of the program and have ramifications for other programs. In the course of three years, the Crusade was able to develop methods and materials which had good potential both for ESL instruction and organizing, and which approached the Freirian ideal. However, a number of limitations prevented the program from fulfilling this potential. Some of these could be overcome with changes in the Crusade's format, such as using full-time Punjabi tutors rather than Anglo volunteers. The study concludes by outlining these changes plus directions for further research.
Curriculum Transaction in Teacher Education A Critical Study
Creators: name: Vidyanand Khandagale
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 130202 Curriculum and Pedagogy Theory and Development
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: Curriculum transaction is the process of planning and organizing the curriculum in a particular subject area for different levels of education. Specifically, curriculum transaction or implementation not only refers to the teaching of the contents of various theory subjects out also to the practical work to be done in each area of study as prescribed. Teacher education is the backbone of education system as it produces teaching professional to teach at various level of School education. Curriculum transaction is the most important process of an education system and if it is educated well at teacher’s level it will produce quality teaching professionals. In the present study researcher had made an attempt to survey the curriculum transaction by implementing questionnaire for the implementation of curriculum transaction by teacher educator and had cross verified using interviews and check list and the findings were contradictory to the survey findings.
Structure and clumping in the fast wind of NGC6543
Creators: name: Prinja, R. K.
name: Hodges, S. E.
name: Massa, D. L.
name: Fullerton, A. W.
name: Burnley, A. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Far-UV spectroscopy from the FUSE satellite is analysed to uniquely probe spatial structure and clumping in the fast wind of the central star of the H-rich planetary nebula NGC6543 (HD164963). Time-series data of the unsaturated PV 1118, 1128 resonance line P Cygni profiles provide a very sensitive diagnostic of variable wind conditions in the outflow. We report on the discovery of episodic and recurrent optical depth enhancements in the PV absorption troughs, with some evidence for a 0.17-day modulation time-scale. SEI line-synthesis modelling is used to derive physical properties, including the optical depth evolution of individual `events'. The characteristics of these features are essentially identical to the `discrete absorption components' (DACs) commonly seen in the UV lines of massive OB stars. We have also employed the unified model atmosphere code CMFGEN to explore spectroscopic signatures of clumping, and report in particular on the clear sensitivity of the PV lines to the clump volume filling factor. The results presented here have implications for the downward revision of mass-loss rates in PN central stars. We conclude that the temporal structures seen in the PV lines of NGC6543 likely have a physical origin that is similar to that operating in massive, luminous stars, and may be related to near-surface perturbations caused by stellar pulsation and/or magnetic fields.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Duality Rotations in Nonlinear Electrodynamics and in Extended Supergravity
Creators: name: Aschieri, Paolo
name: Ferrara, Sergio
name: Zumino, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the general theory of duality rotations which, in four dimensions, exchange electric with magnetic fields. Necessary and sufficient conditions in order for a theory to have duality symmetry are established. A nontrivial example is Born-Infeld theory with n abelian gauge fields and with Sp(2n,R) self-duality. We then review duality symmetry in supergravity theories. In the case of N=2 supergravity duality rotations are in general not a symmetry of the theory but a key ingredient in order to formulate the theory itself. This is due to the beautiful relation between the geometry of special Kaehler manifolds and duality rotations.
description: Invited contribution to Rivista del Nuovo Cimento in occasion of the 2005 Enrico Fermi Prize of the Italian Physical Society. 96 pages, corrected typos
Learning future terrorist targets through temporal meta-graphs
Creators: name: Campedelli, Gian Maria
name: Bartulovic, Mihovil
name: Carley, Kathleen M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the last 20 years, terrorism has led to hundreds of thousands of deaths and massive economic, political, and humanitarian crises in several regions of the world. Using real-world data on attacks occurred in Afghanistan and Iraq from 2001 to 2018, we propose the use of temporal meta-graphs and deep learning to forecast future terrorist targets. Focusing on three event dimensions, i.e., employed weapons, deployed tactics and chosen targets, meta-graphs map the connections among temporally close attacks, capturing their operational similarities and dependencies. From these temporal meta-graphs, we derive 2-day-based time series that measure the centrality of each feature within each dimension over time. Formulating the problem in the context of the strategic behavior of terrorist actors, these multivariate temporal sequences are then utilized to learn what target types are at the highest risk of being chosen. The paper makes two contributions. First, it demonstrates that engineering the feature space via temporal meta-graphs produces richer knowledge than shallow time-series that only rely on frequency of feature occurrences. Second, the performed experiments reveal that bi-directional LSTM networks achieve superior forecasting performance compared to other algorithms, calling for future research aiming at fully discovering the potential of artificial intelligence to counter terrorist violence.
description: 19 pages, 18 figures
Designing high-performance superconductors with nanoparticle inclusions: comparisons to strong pinning theory
Creators: name: Jones, Sarah C.
name: Miura, Masashi
name: Yoshida, Ryuji
name: Kato, Takeharu
name: Civale, Leonardo
name: Willa, Roland
name: Eley, Serena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most promising routes for achieving unprecedentedly high critical currents in superconductors is to incorporate dispersed, non-superconducting nanoparticles to control the dissipative motion of vortices. However, these inclusions reduce the overall superconducting volume and can strain the interlaying superconducting matrix, which can detrimentally reduce $T_c$. Consequently, an optimal balance must be achieved between the nanoparticle density $n_p$ and size $d$. Determining this balance requires garnering a better understanding of vortex-nanoparticle interactions, described by strong pinning theory. Here, we map the dependence of the critical current on nanoparticle size and density in (Y$_{0.77}$,Gd$_{0.23}$)Ba$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-δ}$ films in magnetic fields up to 35 T, and compare the trends to recent results from time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau simulations. We identify consistencies between the field-dependent critical current $J_c(B)$ and expectations from strong pinning theory. Specifically, we find that that $J_c \propto B^{-α}$, where $α$ decreases from $0.66$ to $0.2$ with increasing density of nanoparticles and increases roughly linearly with nanoparticle size $d/ξ$ (normalized to the coherence length). At high fields, the critical current decays faster ($\sim B^{-1}$), suggestive that each nanoparticle has captured a vortex. When nanoparticles capture more than one vortex, a small, high-field peak is expected in $J_c(B)$. Due to a spread in defect sizes, this novel peak effect remains unresolved here. Lastly, we reveal that the dependence of the vortex creep rate $S$ on nanoparticle size and density roughly mirrors that of $α$, and compare our results to low-$T$ nonlinearities in $S(T)$ that are predicted by strong pinning theory.
Light rings and long-lived modes in quasi-black hole spacetimes
Creators: name: Guo, Minyong
name: Zhong, Zhen
name: Wang, Jinguang
name: Gao, Sijie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been argued that ultracompact objects, which possess light rings but no horizons, may be unstable against gravitational perturbations. To test this conjecture, we revisit the quasi-black hole solutions, a family of horizonless spacetimes whose limit is the extremal Reissner-Nordström black hole. We find a critical parameter at which the light rings just appear. We then calculate the quasinormal modes of the quasi-black holes. Both the WKB result and the numerical result show that long-live modes survive for the range where light rings exist, indicating that horizonless spacetimes with light rings are unstable. Our work provides a strong and explicit example that light rings could be direct observational evidence for black holes.
description: matched version in prd
Topological order in a 3D toric code at finite temperature
Creators: name: Castelnovo, Claudio
name: Chamon, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study topological order in a toric code in three spatial dimensions, or a 3+1D Z_2 gauge theory, at finite temperature. We compute exactly the topological entropy of the system, and show that it drops, for any infinitesimal temperature, to half its value at zero temperature. The remaining half of the entropy stays constant up to a critical temperature Tc, dropping to zero above Tc. These results show that topologically ordered phases exist at finite temperatures, and we give a simple interpretation of the order in terms of fluctuating strings and membranes, and how thermally induced point defects affect these extended structures. Finally, we discuss the nature of the topological order at finite temperature, and its quantum and classical aspects.
description: (28 pages, 9 figures)
Unjamming of Granular Packings due to Local Perturbations: Stability and Decay of Displacements
Creators: name: Shaebani, M. Reza
name: Unger, Tamas
name: Kertesz, Janos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the mechanical response generated by local deformations in jammed packings of rigid disks. Based on discrete element simulations we determine the critical force of the local perturbation that is needed to break the mechanical equilibrium and examine the generated displacement field. Displacements decay as a power law of the distance from the perturbation point. The decay exponent and the critical force exhibit nontrivial dependence on the friction: Both quantities are nonmonotonic and have a sharp maximum at the friction coefficient 0.1. We find that the mechanical response properties are closely related to the problem of force-indeterminacy where similar nonmonotonic behavior was observed previously. We establish direct connection between the critical force and the ensemble of static force networks.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Output, input and interaction in formal/informal teacher interactions and in NS, NNS children's interactions
Creators: name: McRae, Vicki
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Output, input and interaction are examined in this study for a native English speaking (NS) teacher and for native and non-native English speaking (NS, NNS) young children in two situations in the classroom, child organized and teacher organized. Video tapes and transcripts of fourteen samples of interactions in teacher organized situations and fourteen samples of naturally occurring interactions in child organized situations, each limited to the first consecutive one hundred utterances, were analyzed. Output was assessed in terms of verbal participation - utterances and words. Input and interaction were assessed both for discourse features (twelve negotiating devices) and in terms of the situational structure of the contexts that existed during the interactions - their distance from the speaker and the action was assessed with measures of exophoric and anaphoric reference (twenty-four reference items). The results indicate: 1) that output or verbal participation varies for the teacher and the NS, NNS children with situation, 2) that discourse features, often used to assess input, vary in their use by the teacher and the children with the situational context, increase with verbal participation, and may not be useful measures of input, and 3) that the situational structure of the contexts that exist during teacher organized interactions and child organized interactions vary with situation - the distance of the language and the action from the speaker as well as the nature of the interaction. Individual variations amongst items, within and across groups are noted. It is concluded that: 1) output, input and interaction vary with situation, 2) data analyses concerning input and interaction are more meaningful if they are related to the output occurring in different situations, and 3) L2 researchers will benefit from moving beyond the analysis of discourse features as the sole predictors of input during interaction to examine other aspects of the interaction situation.
The Effect of the Approach to Gas Disk Gravitational Instability on the Rapid Formation of Gas Giant Planets. II. Quadrupled Spatial Resolution
Creators: name: Boss, Alan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations support the hypothesis that gas disk gravitational instability might explain the formation of massive or wide-orbit gas giant exoplanets. The situation with regard to Jupiter-mass exoplanets orbiting within $\sim$ 20 au is more uncertain. Theoretical models yield divergent assessments often attributed to the numerical handling of the gas thermodynamics. Boss (2019) used the $β$ cooling approximation to calculate three dimensional hydrodynamical models of the evolution of disks with initial masses of 0.091 $M_\odot$ extending from 4 to 20 au around 1 $M_\odot$ protostars. The models considered a wide range (1 to 100) of $β$ cooling parameters and started from an initial minimum Toomre stability parameter of $Q_i = 2.7$ (gravitationally stable). The disks cooled down from initial outer disk temperatures of 180 K to as low as 40 K as a result of the $β$ cooling, leading to fragmentation into dense clumps, which were then replaced by virtual protoplanets (VPs) and evolved for up to $\sim$ 500 yr. The present models test the viability of replacing dense clumps with VPs by quadrupling the spatial resolution of the grid once dense clumps form, sidestepping in most cases VP insertion. After at least $\sim$ 200 yr of evolution, the new results compare favorably with those of Boss (2019): similar numbers of VPs and dense clumps form by the same time for the two approaches. The results imply that VP insertion can greatly speed disk instability calculations without sacrificing accuracy.
description: 25 pages, 3 tables, 7 figures, in press, ApJ
On the Quality of Uncertainty Estimates from Neural Network Potential Ensembles
Creators: name: Kahle, Leonid
name: Zipoli, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neural network potentials (NNPs) combine the computational efficiency of classical interatomic potentials with the high accuracy and flexibility of the ab initio methods used to create the training set, but can also result in unphysical predictions when employed outside their training set distribution. Estimating the epistemic uncertainty of an NNP is required in active learning or on-the-fly generation of potentials. Inspired from their use in other machine-learning applications, NNP ensembles have been used for uncertainty prediction in several studies, with the caveat that ensembles do not provide a rigorous Bayesian estimate of the uncertainty. To test whether NNP ensembles provide accurate uncertainty estimates, we train such ensembles in four different case studies, and compare the predicted uncertainty with the errors on out-of-distribution validation sets. Our results indicate that NNP ensembles are often overconfident, underestimating the uncertainty of the model, and require to be calibrated for each system and architecture. We also provide evidence that Bayesian NNPs, obtained by sampling the posterior distribution of the model parameters using Monte-Carlo techniques, can provide better uncertainty estimates.
The time horizon and its role in multiple species conservation planning
Creators: name: Hartig, Florian
name: Drechsler, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Survival probability within a certain time horizon T is a common measure of population viability. The choice of T implicitly involves a time preference, similar to economic discounting: Conservation success is evaluated at the time horizon T, while all effects that occur later than T are not considered. Despite the obvious relevance of the time horizon, ecological studies seldom analyze its impact on the evaluation of conservation options. In this paper, we show that, while the choice of T does not change the ranking of conservation options for single species under stationary conditions, it may substantially change conservation decisions for multiple species. We conclude that it is of crucial importance to investigate the sensitivity of model results to the choice of the time horizon or other measures of time preference when prioritizing biodiversity conservation efforts.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures. Minor changes to v1. This version corredponds to the final publication in Biological Conservation
CONTEXTUAL E -CONTENT DEVELOPMENT FOR CONTENT ENRICHMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Creators: name: Vidyanand Khandagale
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 130203 Economics, Business and Management Curriculum and Pedagogy
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 130202 Curriculum and Pedagogy Theory and Development

description: E-Content generation and adoption procedures are proposed for the effective teaching and learning of different subjects. There is remarkable digital divide among urban and rural areas. The content and its quality are the key components for the development of e-content. The overall goal is to suggest curriculum guidelines for content enrichment through the use of e-content suitable for different aspects of higher education in rural areas considering several social, economical and technological constraints in their education. Enhancing the knowledge and experience of their field of interest might be helpful to them in future. The content such as e-text, PPT, animations & graphics and audio-visual lectures could be developed as per the need and requirement of the learners which would enhance their quality of learning. This paper is an attempt to make suggestions regarding curriculum guidelines for developing e-content with reference to higher education based on secondary resource of data.
Typicality Derived
Creators: name: Page, Don N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hartle and Srednicki have suggested that standard quantum theory does not favor our typicality. Here an alternative version is proposed in which typicality is likely, Eventual Quantum Mechanics. This version allows one to calculate normalized probabilities for alternatives obeying what I call the Principle of Observational Discrimination, that each possible complete observation or data set should uniquely distinguish one element from the set of alternatives.
description: 7 pages, LaTeX, version accepted 2008 June 4 for Physical Review D
Stability of skyrmion crystal phase in antiferromagnetic triangular lattice with DMI and single-ion anisotropy
Creators: name: Mohylna, M.
name: Žukovič, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a frustrated antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on a triangular lattice with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) in the presence of an external magnetic field and a single-ion anisotropy. Phase diagrams in the temperature-field plane for both easy-axis and easy-plane anisotropy of a varying strength are constructed in the regimes of a moderate and strong DMI by parallel tempering Monte Carlo simulations. For the considered range of parameters the phase diagrams featuring up to four ordered phases are identified. A skyrmion lattice (SkX) phase is found to be stabilized within some temperature and field window for sufficiently large DMI and not too strong anisotropy. For the systems with moderate (larger) DMI, a small easy-plane (easy-axis) anisotropy is concluded to be beneficial by extending (shifting) the field window of the SkX appearance to lower values. The Metropolis dynamics is employed to probe the persistence of SkX upon quenching the field to zero or small finite values. The most favorable conditions for the skyrmions persistence are confirmed at low temperatures, small DMI and small easy-plane anisotropy values.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures
title: Automatenlernen für das Testen und die Analyse der Sicherheit in vernetzten Umgebungen
Creators: name: Pferscher, Andrea
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2024

description: Modelle, die das Verhalten eines Systems beschreiben, stellen in der Softwareentwicklung ein hilfreiches Werkzeug zur Verifikation und Analyse von Systemen dar. Die Verfügbarkeit solcher Modelle ist jedoch limitiert, vor allem in komplexen Systemumgebungen, in denen viele heterogene Komponenten interagieren, wie z. B. im Internet-der-Dinge (IdD). Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass der Einblick in einzelne Komponenten oft eingeschränkt ist. Automatenlernen hat sich als erfolgreiche Technik hervorgetan, um solche Modelle automatisch von Black-Box-Systemen zu generieren. Die folgende Zusammenfassung der Dissertation beschreibt, wie Automatenlernen außerdem im IdD
zielführend angewandt werden kann, um Modelle von Kommunikationsprotokollen zu lernen. Dafür werden neue Lerntechniken vorgeschlagen, um bestehende Herausforderungen zu überwinden, aber auch um sicherheitskritisches Verhalten zu lernen. Zusätzlich wird gezeigt, wie Automatenlernen etablierte Sicherheitstesttechniken wie Fuzz-Testen unterstützen kann. Die Resultate der entwickelten zustandsbasierten Black-Box-Testtechnik legen offen, dass Protokollimplementierungen Sicherheits- und Zuverlässigkeitsprobleme aufweisen.
The light curve of the companion to PSR B1957+20
Creators: name: Reynolds, Mark
name: Callanan, Paul
name: Fruchter, Andrew
name: Torres, Manuel
name: Beer, Martin
name: Gibbons, Rachel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new analysis of the light curve for the secondary star in the eclipsing binary millisecond pulsar system PSR B1957+20. Combining previous data and new data points at minimum from the Hubble Space Telescope, we have 100% coverage in the R-band. We also have a number of new K_s-band data points, which we use to constrain the infrared magnitude of the system. We model this with the Eclipsing Light Curve code (ELC). From the modelling with the ELC code we obtain colour information about the secondary at minimum light in BVRI and K. For our best fit model we are able to constrain the system inclination to 65 +/- 2 degrees for pulsar masses ranging from 1.3 -- 1.9 M_sun. The pulsar mass is unconstrained. We also find that the secondary star is not filling its Roche lobe. The temperature of the un-irradiated side of the companion is in agreement with previous estimates and we find that the observed temperature gradient across the secondary star is physically sustainable.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures & 3tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Pulsar kicks by anisotropic neutrino emission from quark matter in strong magnetic fields
Creators: name: Sagert, I.
name: Schaffner-Bielich, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a pulsar acceleration mechanism based on asymmetric neutrino emission from the direct quark Urca process in the interior of proto neutron stars. The anisotropy is caused by a strong magnetic field which polarises the spin of the electrons opposite to the field direction. Due to parity violation the neutrinos and anti-neutrinos leave the star in one direction accelerating the pulsar. We calculate for varying quark chemical potentials the kick velocity in dependence of the quark phase temperature and its radius. Ignoring neutrino quark scattering we find that within a quark phase radius of 10 km and temperatures larger than 5 MeV kick velocities of 1000km s$^{-1}$ can be reached very easily. On the other hand taking into account the small neutrino mean free paths it seems impossible to reach velocities higher than 100km s$^{-1}$ even when including effects from colour superconductivity where the neutrino quark interactions are suppressed.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
title: Effiziente, Datenbasierte Wahrnehmung mit Eventkameras
Creators: name: Gehrig, Daniel
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2024

description: Eventkameras messen zeitlich hochauflösende, asynchrone und spärliche Intensitätsänderungen (“Events”), die viel latenz- und datenärmer sind als die einer bildbasierten Hochgeschwindigkeitskamera. Trotz dieser Vorteile, nutzen datenbasierte Methoden nicht ihr volles Potenzial: Sie sind (i) ineffizient, da sie den spärlichen und asynchronen Eventcharakter verwerfen, (ii) anwendungslimitiert wegen der Seltenheit von Datensätzen und (iii) fragil, wegen des geringen semantischen Eventkontexts, der nur ineffizient und unter Verwurf der hohen Zeitauflösung mit komplementärem Bildkontext fusioniert werden kann. Die Dissertation bietet Lösungsansätze zur Effizienzsteigerung von Netzwerken, Erschliessung von Eventdatensätzen und Entwicklung effizienter und zeitlich hochauflösender Bildfusionsalgorithmen. Die entwickelten Algorithmen schalten das volle Potenzial von Eventkameras zur effizienten, robusten und hochauflösenden Wahrnehmung frei.
Squeezed light at 2128 nm for future gravitational-wave observatories
Creators: name: Darsow-Fromm, Christian
name: Gurs, Julian
name: Schnabel, Roman
name: Steinlechner, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All gravitational-wave observatories (GWOs) have been using the laser wavelength of 1064 nm. Ultra-stable laser devices are at the sites of GEO 600, Kagra, LIGO and Virgo. Since 2019, not only GEO 600 but also LIGO and Virgo have been using separate devices for squeezing the uncertainty of the light, so-called squeeze lasers. The sensitivities of future GWOs will strongly gain from reducing the thermal noise of the suspended mirrors, which involves shifting the wavelength into the 2 $μ$m region. Our work aims for reusing the existing high-performance lasers at 1064 nm. Here, we report the realisation of a squeeze laser at 2128 nm that uses ultra-stable pump light at 1064 nm. We achieve the direct observation of 7.2 dB of squeezing, as the first step, at MHz sideband frequencies. The squeeze factor achieved is mainly limited by the photodiode's quantum efficiency, which we estimated to (92$\pm$3)%. Reaching larger squeeze factors seems feasible, also in the required audio and sub-audio sideband, provided photo diodes with sufficiently low dark noise will be available. Our result promotes 2128 nm as the new, cost-efficient wavelength of GWOs.
Nonlinear flexural-gravity waves due to a body submerged in the uniform stream
Creators: name: Semenov, Y. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two-dimensional nonlinear problem of steady flow past a body submerged beneath an elastic sheet is considered. The mathematical model is based on the velocity potential theory with fully nonlinear boundary conditions on the fluid boundary and on the elastic sheet, which are coupled throughout the numerical procedure. The integral hodograph method is employed to derive the complex velocity potential of the flow which contains the velocity magnitude on the interface in explicit form. The coupled problem has been reduced to a system of nonlinear equations with respect to the unknown magnitude of the velocity on the interface, which is solved using a collocation method. Case studies are undertaken for both subcritical and supercritical flow regimes. Results for interface shape, bending moment and pressure distribution are presented for the wide ranges of Froude numbers and depths of submergence. According to the dispersion equation, two waves on the interface may exist. The first, longest wave is that caused by gravity, and the second, shorter wave is that caused by the elastic sheet. The obtained solution exhibits strongly nonlinear interaction of these waves above the submerged body. It is found that near the critical Froude number, there is a range of submergences in which the solution does not converge.
title: Methodenentwicklung für die groß angelegte Vorhersage und Modellierung von Protein-Protein-Wechselwirkungen
Creators: name: Elsayed, Hadeer
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2024

description: Protein-Protein-Interaktionen (PPIs), die für zahlreiche biologische Prozesse entscheidend sind, stellen die Biowissenschaften vor große Herausforderungen. Meine Dissertation befasste sich mit der Vorhersage und dreidimensionalen Modellierung von PPIs auf Proteomebene in vier verschiedenen Projekten. Zunächst haben wir experimentelle und rechnerische Methoden zur Charakterisierung von PPIs im Hochdurchsatzverfahren untersucht. Zweitens befassten wir
uns mit den Herausforderungen des evolutionären Kopplungsansatzes EVcomplex, indem wir seine Überschaubarkeit um das Fünffache auf das Proteom von Escherichia coli (E. coli) und auf eukaryo-
tische Interaktionen erweiterten. Darüber hinaus haben wir eine neuartige Pipeline für die automatisierte Strukturanalyse von groß angelegten Vernetzungsdaten entwickelt und sie zur Erforschung des menschlichen endolysosomalen Kompartiments eingesetzt. Schließlich haben wir ein neuartiges Framework, XLEC, entwickelt, das spärliche Daten aus Quervernetzungen (XL) und evolutionärer Kopplung (EC) für eine efﬁziente Charakterisierung von PPIs integriert. Diese Forschungsarbeit löst
erfolgreich die Herausforderungen bei der Charakterisierung von PPIs und bietet neue Einblicke in die komplizierte Landschaft der Proteininteraktionen.
Polaris the Cepheid returns: 4.5 years of monitoring from ground and space
Creators: name: Bruntt, H.
name: Evans, N. R.
name: Stello, D.
name: Penny, A. J.
name: Eaton, J. A.
name: Buzasi, D. L.
name: Sasselov, D. D.
name: Preston, H. L.
name: Miller-Ricci, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of 4.5 years of nearly continuous observations of the classical Cepheid Polaris, which comprise the most precise data available for this star. We have made spectroscopic measurements from ground and photometric measurements from the WIRE star tracker and the SMEI instrument on the Coriolis satellite. Measurements of the amplitude of the dominant oscillation (P = 4 days), that go back more than a century, show a decrease from 120 mmag to 30 mmag (V magnitude) around the turn of the millennium. It has been speculated that the reason for the decrease in amplitude is the evolution of Polaris towards the edge of the instability strip. However, our new data reveal an increase in the amplitude by about 30% from 2003-2006. It now appears that the amplitude change is cyclic rather than monotonic, and most likely the result of a pulsation phenomenon. In addition, previous radial velocity campaigns have claimed the detection of long-period variation in Polaris (P > 40 days). Our radial velocity data are more precise than previous datasets, and we find no evidence for additional variation for periods in the range 3-50 days with an upper limit of 100 m/s. However, in the WIRE data we find evidence of variation on time-scales of 2-6 days, which we interpret as being due to granulation.
description: Accepted by ApJ. 8 pages. Quality of figures 1+3+7 degraded
Multi-Objective Path-Based D* Lite
Creators: name: Ren, Zhongqiang
name: Rathinam, Sivakumar
name: Likhachev, Maxim
name: Choset, Howie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Incremental graph search algorithms such as D* Lite reuse previous, and perhaps partial, searches to expedite subsequent path planning tasks. In this article, we are interested in developing incremental graph search algorithms for path finding problems to simultaneously optimize multiple objectives such as travel risk, arrival time, etc. This is challenging because in a multi-objective setting, the number of "Pareto-optimal" solutions can grow exponentially with respect to the size of the graph. This article presents a new multi-objective incremental search algorithm called Multi-Objective Path-Based D* Lite (MOPBD*) which leverages a path-based expansion strategy to prune dominated solutions. Additionally, we introduce a sub-optimal variant of MOPBD* to improve search efficiency while approximating the Pareto-optimal front. We numerically evaluate the performance of MOPBD* and its variants in various maps with two and three objectives. Results show that our approach is more efficient than search from scratch, and runs up to an order of magnitude faster than the existing incremental method for multi-objective path planning.
description: 8 pages
title: Zeitliche und Quantitative Erweiterungen der Antwortmengenprogrammierung
Creators: name: Kiesel, Rafael
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2024

description: In dieser Arbeit betrachten wir die Antwortmengenprogrammierung und ihre zahllosen quantitativen und zeitlichen Erweiterungen. Hierbei kümmern wir uns zunächst um die Verallgemeinerung und Vereinheitlichung der numerischen Aspekte durch algebraische Methoden, um diese dann mit der zeitlichen Ebene integrieren zu können. Im zweiten Schritt führen wir eine gründliche Analyse des erzeugten Formalismus durch. Besonderes Augenmerk legen wir dabei darauf, wie wir die theoretische algorithmische Komplexität durch die algebraischen Eigenschaften der verfügbaren numerischen Operationen einschränken können. Basierend auf dieser Grundlagen schaffenden Vor-
arbeit wenden wir uns im dritten Schritt der praktischen Entwicklung effizienter Evaluierungsmethoden für ein wichtiges Fragment unserer Sprache zu. Bemerkenswerterweise erzielen wir trotz der Allgemeintauglichkeit unserer Implementierung signifikante Verbesserungen gegenüber dem Stand der Technik, durch die Nutzung innovativer struktureller Parameter des Problems.
A fuzzy-rough uncertainty measure to discover bias encoded explicitly or implicitly in features of structured pattern classification datasets
Creators: name: Nápoles, Gonzalo
name: Koumeri, Lisa Koutsoviti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The need to measure bias encoded in tabular data that are used to solve pattern recognition problems is widely recognized by academia, legislators and enterprises alike. In previous work, we proposed a bias quantification measure, called fuzzy-rough uncer-tainty, which relies on the fuzzy-rough set theory. The intuition dictates that protected features should not change the fuzzy-rough boundary regions of a decision class significantly. The extent to which this happens is a proxy for bias expressed as uncertainty in adecision-making context. Our measure's main advantage is that it does not depend on any machine learning prediction model but adistance function. In this paper, we extend our study by exploring the existence of bias encoded implicitly in non-protected featuresas defined by the correlation between protected and unprotected attributes. This analysis leads to four scenarios that domain experts should evaluate before deciding how to tackle bias. In addition, we conduct a sensitivity analysis to determine the fuzzy operatorsand distance function that best capture change in the boundary regions.
The British Business Census of Entrepreneurs 1851-1911 (BBCE): User Guide
Creators: name: Bennett, Robert
name: Smith, Harry
name: Van Lieshout, Carry
name: Montebruno, Piero
name: Newton, Gill
Publisher: name: University of Cambridge
Year: 2019
Subjects: Entrepreneurs
Small business
Employers
Self-employed
Census

description: The British Business Census of Entrepreneurs 1851-1911 (BBCE) is a major output from the ESRC-supported project ES/M010953: ‘Drivers of Entrepreneurship and Small Businesses’, Principal Investigator Professor Bob Bennett, the authors of this Guide, and other researchers and assistants (as acknowledgement), with additional support from the Leverhulme Trust, and Isaac Newton Trust. The aim of the database is to provide to users an quality-controlled, consistent, and integrated database that is as complete as feasible for all business proprietors in the period 1851-1911 and aligned to modern definitions used up to the 2011 census. This includes as fully as possible all: o Employers (those who employed others), o Sole proprietor own account self-employed (those who employed no-one else), o Directors of corporations (Limited Companies).