cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Automatic Segmentation and Location Learning of Neonatal Cerebral Ventricles in 3D Ultrasound Data Combining CNN and CPPN
Creators: name: Martin, Matthieu
name: Sciolla, Bruno
name: Sdika, Michaël
name: Quétin, Philippe
name: Delachartre, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Preterm neonates are highly likely to suffer from ventriculomegaly, a dilation of the Cerebral Ventricular System (CVS). This condition can develop into life-threatening hydrocephalus and is correlated with future neuro-developmental impairments. Consequently, it must be detected and monitored by physicians. In clinical routing, manual 2D measurements are performed on 2D ultrasound (US) images to estimate the CVS volume but this practice is imprecise due to the unavailability of 3D information. A way to tackle this problem would be to develop automatic CVS segmentation algorithms for 3D US data. In this paper, we investigate the potential of 2D and 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to solve this complex task and propose to use Compositional Pattern Producing Network (CPPN) to enable the CNNs to learn CVS location. Our database was composed of 25 3D US volumes collected on 21 preterm nenonates at the age of $35.8 \pm 1.6$ gestational weeks. We found that the CPPN enables to encode CVS location, which increases the accuracy of the CNNs when they have few layers. Accuracy of the 2D and 3D CNNs reached intraobserver variability (IOV) in the case of dilated ventricles with Dice of $0.893 \pm 0.008$ and $0.886 \pm 0.004$ respectively (IOV = $0.898 \pm 0.008$) and with volume errors of $0.45 \pm 0.42$ cm$^3$ and $0.36 \pm 0.24$ cm$^3$ respectively (IOV = $0.41 \pm 0.05$ cm$^3$). 3D CNNs were more accurate than 2D CNNs in the case of normal ventricles with Dice of $0.797 \pm 0.041$ against $0.776 \pm 0.038$ (IOV = $0.816 \pm 0.009$) and volume errors of $0.35 \pm 0.29$ cm$^3$ against $0.35 \pm 0.24$ cm$^3$ (IOV = $0.2 \pm 0.11$ cm$^3$). The best segmentation time of volumes of size $320 \times 320 \times 320$ was obtained by a 2D CNN in $3.5 \pm 0.2$ s.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures
Detection of HCN and diverse redox chemistry in the plume of Enceladus
Creators: name: Peter, Jonah S.
name: Nordheim, Tom A.
name: Hand, Kevin P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cassini spacecraft observed that Saturn's moon Enceladus possesses a series of jets erupting from its South Polar Terrain. Previous studies of in situ data collected by Cassini's Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) have identified H$_2$O, CO$_2$, CH$_4$, NH$_3$, and H$_2$ within the plume of ejected material. Identification of minor species in the plume remains an ongoing challenge, owing to the large number of possible combinations that can be used to fit the INMS data. Here, we present the detection of several new compounds of strong importance to the habitability of Enceladus, including HCN, C$_2$H$_2$, C$_3$H$_6$, and C$_2$H$_6$. Our analyses of the low velocity INMS data, coupled with our detailed statistical framework, enable discrimination between previously ambiguous species in the plume by alleviating the effects of high dimensional model fitting. Together with plausible mineralogical catalysts and redox gradients derived from surface radiolysis, these compounds could potentially support extant microbial communities or drive complex organic synthesis leading to the origin of life.
description: revised manuscript
On Some Lie Groups in Degenerate Clifford Geometric Algebras
Creators: name: Filimoshina, E. R.
name: Shirokov, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 15A66, 11E88

description: In this paper, we introduce and study five families of Lie groups in degenerate Clifford geometric algebras. These Lie groups preserve the even and odd subspaces and some other subspaces under the adjoint representation and the twisted adjoint representation. The considered Lie groups contain degenerate spin groups, Lipschitz groups, and Clifford groups as subgroups in the case of arbitrary dimension and signature. The considered Lie groups can be of interest for various applications in physics, engineering, and computer science.
description: 31 pages
XTrace: Making the most of every sample in stochastic trace estimation
Creators: name: Epperly, Ethan N.
name: Tropp, Joel A.
name: Webber, Robert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65C05, 65F30, 68W20

description: The implicit trace estimation problem asks for an approximation of the trace of a square matrix, accessed via matrix-vector products (matvecs). This paper designs new randomized algorithms, XTrace and XNysTrace, for the trace estimation problem by exploiting both variance reduction and the exchangeability principle. For a fixed budget of matvecs, numerical experiments show that the new methods can achieve errors that are orders of magnitude smaller than existing algorithms, such as the Girard-Hutchinson estimator or the Hutch++ estimator. A theoretical analysis confirms the benefits by offering a precise description of the performance of these algorithms as a function of the spectrum of the input matrix. The paper also develops an exchangeable estimator, XDiag, for approximating the diagonal of a square matrix using matvecs.
description: 31 pages, 8 figures
Gauged Laplacians on quantum Hopf bundles
Creators: name: Landi, Giovanni
name: Reina, Cesare
name: Zampini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 58B32

description: We study gauged Laplacian operators on line bundles on a quantum 2-dimensional sphere. Symmetry under the (co)-action of a quantum group allows for their complete diagonalization. These operators describe `excitations moving on the quantum sphere' in the field of a magnetic monopole. The energies are not invariant under the exchange monopole/antimonopole, that is under inverting the direction of the magnetic field. There are potential applications to models of quantum Hall effect.
description: v2: latex; 32 pages. Papers re-organized; no major changes, several minor ones. Commun. Math. Phys. In press
Modular invariant flavor model of $\rm A_4$ and hierarchical structures at nearby fixed points
Creators: name: Okada, Hiroshi
name: Tanimoto, Morimitsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the modular invariant flavor model of $\rm A_4$, we study the hierarchical structure of lepton/quark flavors at nearby fixed points of $τ=i$ and $τ=ω$ of the modulus, which are in the fundamental domain of $\rm PSL(2,\mathbb{Z})$. These fixed points correspond to the residual symmetries $\mathbb{Z}_2^{S}=\{I, S \}$ and $\mathbb{Z}_3^{S}=\{ I, ST, (ST)^2 \}$ of $\rm A_4$, where $S$ and $T$ are generators of the $A_4$ group. The infinite $τ= i \infty$ also preserves the residual symmetry of the subgroup $\mathbb{Z}^T_3=\{ I,T,T^2 \}$ of $\rm A_4$. We study typical two-type mass matrices for charged leptons and quarks in terms of modular forms of weights $2$, $4$ and $6$ while the neutrino mass matrix with the modular forms of weight $4$ through the Weinberg operator. Linear modular forms are obtained approximately by performing Taylor expansion of modular forms around fixed points. By using them, the flavor structure of the lepton and quark mass matrices are examined at nearby fixed points. The hierarchical structure of these mass matrices is clearly shown in the diagonal base of $S$, $T$ and $ST$. The observed PMNS and CKM mixing matrices can be reproduced at nearby fixed points in some cases of mass matrices. By scanning model parameters numerically at nearby fixed points, our discussion are confirmed for both the normal hierarchy and inverted one of neutrino masses. Predictions are given for the sum of neutrino masses and the CP violating Dirac phase of leptons at each nearby fixed point.
description: 53 pages, 10 figures, 6 tables; version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Three-Body Kick to a Bright Quasar out of Its Galaxy During a Merger
Creators: name: Hoffman, Loren
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quasar HE0450-2958 was recently discovered to reside ~7kpc away from a galaxy that was likely disturbed by a recent merger. The lack of a massive spheroid of stars around the quasar raised the unlikely suggestion that it may have formed in a dark galaxy. Here we explain this discovery as a natural consequence of a dynamical kick imparted to the quasar as it interacted with a binary black hole system during a galaxy merger event. The typical stalling radius for a ~10^9 solar mass binary provides a kick of order the escape velocity of the stellar spheroid, bringing the quasar out to around the observed radius before it turns around. This is consistent with the observed low relative velocity between the quasar and the merger-remnant galaxy. The gas carried with the black hole throughout the three-body interaction fuels the quasar for the duration of its journey, ~2x10^7 years. Gravitational radiation recoil could not have produced the required kick.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, ApJ Letters, in press
Women in Leadership: Rocky Road to the Superintendency
Creators: name: Hickey-Gramke, Michelle
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2017

description: The inequities associated with gender imbalance in leadership require national attention. Wilson (2004) found that of 435 seats in the House of Representatives, only 59 are women; of the 100 senators, only 14 are women. Only 24 women have ever been governors in the United States . Women are nearly half the workforce, yet we make up only 12% of top executives and hold 12.4% of board seats in 500 of the country's largest companies. Although these statistics are significant, they are not nearly as staggering as the statistics about the positions held by women in the superintendency. Of our nation's 13,728 superintendents, 1,984 today are women. Although 72% of K-12 educators are women in the United States , 87% of the top leaders in the school districts, the superintendents, are males according to the U.S. Department of Education. Many questions have been posed and researched about why there are so few women in the superintendent position. Also, search committees have been formed and new programs have been put into place to recruit women into administration. Yet, there has been an inconsequential increase nationally in identifying and hiring women to the superintendency (Nogay, 1996). In reviewing research on women in the superintendency, several common strands have been identified that speculate reasons why there are so few women in the superintendency and possible solutions to this significant issue. Besides the commonly held belief that women are discouraged from the superintendency, there are six documented reasons that are substantiated across literature related to why women are not at the top of school districts. The six categories encompass a wide range of issues including credentials, school boards, positions held, job structure, age, and mentoring.
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 23 (2007)
Discrete gradients in short-range molecular dynamics simulations
Creators: name: Grimm, Volker
name: Kliesch, Tobias
name: Quispel, G. R. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Discrete gradients (DG) or more exactly discrete gradient methods are time integration schemes that are custom-built to preserve first integrals or Lyapunov functions of a given ordinary differential equation (ODE). In conservative molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the energy of the system is constant and therefore a first integral of motion. Hence, discrete gradient methods seem to be a natural choice as an integration scheme in conservative molecular dynamics simulations.
CMB component separation by parameter estimation
Creators: name: Eriksen, H. K.
name: Dickinson, C.
name: Lawrence, C. R.
name: Baccigalupi, C.
name: Banday, A. J.
name: Gorski, K. M.
name: Hansen, F. K.
name: Lilje, P. B.
name: Pierpaoli, E.
name: Seiffert, M. D.
name: Smith, K. M.
name: Vanderlinde, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a solution to the CMB component separation problem based on standard parameter estimation techniques. We assume a parametric spectral model for each signal component, and fit the corresponding parameters pixel by pixel in a two-stage process. First we fit for the full parameter set (e.g., component amplitudes and spectral indices) in low-resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio maps using MCMC, obtaining both best-fit values for each parameter, and the associated uncertainty. The goodness-of-fit is evaluated by a chi^2 statistic. Then we fix all non-linear parameters at their low-resolution best-fit values, and solve analytically for high-resolution component amplitude maps. This likelihood approach has many advantages: The fitted model may be chosen freely, and the method is therefore completely general; all assumptions are transparent; no restrictions on spatial variations of foreground properties are imposed; the results may be rigorously monitored by goodness-of-fit tests; and, most importantly, we obtain reliable error estimates on all estimated quantities. We apply the method to simulated Planck and six-year WMAP data based on realistic models, and show that separation at the muK level is indeed possible in these cases. We also outline how the foreground uncertainties may be rigorously propagated through to the CMB power spectrum and cosmological parameters using a Gibbs sampling technique.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, submitted to ApJ. For a high-resolution version, see http://www.astro.uio.no/~hke/docs/eriksen_et_al_fgfit.ps
CAOS Spectral Imager Design and Advanced High Dynamic Range FDMA-TDMA CAOS Mode
Creators: name: Mazhar, Mohsin A.
name: Riza, Nabeel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the first part of the paper, a CAOS line camera is introduced for spectral imaging of one dimensional (1-D) or line targets. The proposed spectral camera uses both a diffraction grating as well as a cylindrical lens optics system to provide line imaging along the line pixels direction of the image axis and Fourier transforming operations in the orthogonal direction to provide line pixels optical spectrum analysis. The imager incorporates the Digital Micro-mirror Device (DMD)-based Coded Access Optical Sensor (CAOS) structure. The design includes a line-by-line scan option to enable two dimensional (2-D) spectral imaging. For the first time, demonstrated is line style spectral imaging using a 2850 K color temperature white light target illumination source along with visible band color bandpass filters and a moving mechanical pinhole to simulate a line target with individual pixels along 1-D that have unique spectral content. A ~412 nm to ~732 nm input target spectrum is measured using a 38 by 52 CAOS pixels spatial sampling grid providing a test image line of 38 pixels with each pixel providing a designed spectral resolution of ~6.2 nm. The spectral image is generated using the robust Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) mode of the camera. The second part of the paper demonstrates for the first time the High Dynamic Range (HDR) operation of the Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)-Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) mode of the CAOS camera. The FDMA-TDMA mode also feature HDR recovery like the Frequency Modulation (FM)-TDMA mode, although at a much faster imaging rate and a higher Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) as more than one CAOS pixel is extracted at a time.
description: 10 pages
Supernova model discrimination with a kilotonne-scale Gd-H$_{2}$O Cherenkov detector
Creators: name: Schnellbach, Y.
name: Migenda, J.
name: Carroll, A.
name: Coleman, J.
name: Kneale, L.
name: Malek, M.
name: Metelko, C.
name: Tarrant, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The supernova model discrimination capabilities of the WATCHMAN detector concept are explored. This cylindrical kilotonne-scale water Cherenkov detector design has been developed to detect reactor antineutrinos through inverse $β$-decay for non-proliferation applications but also has the ability to observe antineutrino bursts of core-collapse supernovae within our galaxy. Detector configurations with sizes ranging from 16 m to 22 m tank diameter and 10% to 20% PMT coverage are used to compare the expected observable antineutrino spectra based on the Nakazato, Vartanyan and Warren supernova models. These spectra are then compared to each other with a fixed event count of 100 observed inverse $β$-decay events and a benchmark supernova at 10 kpc distance from Earth. By comparing the expected spectra, each detector configuration's ability to distinguish is evaluated. This analysis then demonstrates that the detector design is capable of meaningful event discrimination (90+% accuracy) with 100 observed supernova antineutrino events in most configurations. Furthermore, a larger tank configuration can maintain this performance at 10 kpc distance and above, indicating that overall target mass is the main factor for such a detector's discrimination capabilities. Finally, it is estimated that the detector design can provide early warning capability for supernova bursts for the entire Milky Way in all configurations.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, 7 tables. Accepted revised manuscript
Psycho-hygienic assessment of the way in which leading characteristics of the higher nervous activity of students at the modern educational establishments of different types are formed
Creators: name: Tymoschuk O., V.
Publisher: name: Colloquium-journal
Year: 2019
Subjects: school students
students
psychophysiological functions
latent period
simple visual-motor reaction.

description: Study of the issue of psychological adaptation of the student to the new conditions of training in modern educational institutions of different types involves, first of all, the specification of the concept of adaptation. The phenomenon of adaptation to the situation of studying in a higher educational institution may be understood and interpreted differently. Generally, the issue of adaptation is raised regarding new, unfamiliar situations that are essential for a person or even vital. This means that non-adaptation can with high probability lead to a person's psychological distress, and create a serious threat to their vital interests. Non-adaptability is manifested in the inadequate understanding of the situation, in the way of action, which increases the adverse and threatening situation. The most general understanding of psychological adaptation to new unusual conditions involves the formation of psychological mechanisms through which a person ensures safety and adequate comprehension of the new situation. With successful adaptation, a person gets the opportunity for the most successful self-realization without excessive effort. Students, who find themselves in new, unfamiliar conditions have difficulty in enquiring knowledge because they have not completely developed such personal traits as: readiness to study in compliance with new requirements, the ability to learn more independently, control and evaluate themselves, have a good command of their own individual features of cognitive activity, the ability to manage and allocate properly their working time for self-training.
Coexistence of $s$-wave superconductivity and phase separation in the half-filled extended Hubbard model with attractive interactions
Creators: name: Linnér, E.
name: Dutreix, C.
name: Biermann, S.
name: Stepanov, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding competing instabilities in systems with correlated fermions remains one of the holy grails of modern condensed matter physics. Among the fermionic lattice models used to this effect, the extended Hubbard model occupies a prime place due to the potential relevance of its repulsive and attractive versions for both electronic materials and artificial systems. Using the recently introduced multi-channel fluctuating field approach, we address the interplay of charge density wave, $s$-wave superconductivity, and phase separation fluctuations in the attractive extended Hubbard model. Despite of the fact that this model has been intensively studied for decades, our novel approach has allowed us to identify a novel phase that is characterised by the coexistence of $s$-wave superconductivity and phase separation. Our findings resonate with previous observations of interplaying phase separation and superconducting phases in electronic systems, most importantly in high-temperature superconductors.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures + 4 pages of supplementary
Selected indicators of cytokin profile in young patients with bronchial asthma
Creators: name: Shumko Halyna Ivanivna
name: Shuper Vira Olexandrivna
name: Trefanenko Iryna Valentinivna
Publisher: name: Colloquium-journal
Year: 2019
Subjects: bronchial asthma
young age
interleukin-1β
tumor necrosis factor-
immunoglobulin E.

description: In present work we studied the state of individual indicators of the cytokine profile in young patients with bronchial asthma. The increase in the content of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor- and immunoglobulin E in the blood we detected. The factor contributing to the progression of bronchial asthma was the violation of the cytokine profile due to the growth of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-, which is accompanied by the increase in the content in blood immunoglobulin E.
The Near Infrared Background: Interplanetary Dust or Primordial Stars?
Creators: name: Dwek, Eli
name: Arendt, Richard G.
name: Krennrich, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intensity of the diffuse ~ 1 - 4 micron sky emission from which solar system and Galactic foregrounds have been subtracted is in excess of that expected from energy released by galaxies and stars that formed during the z < 5 redshift interval (Arendt & Dwek 2003, Matsumoto et al. 2005). The spectral signature of this excess near-infrared background light (NIRBL) component is almost identical to that of reflected sunlight from the interplanetary dust cloud, and could therefore be the result of the incomplete subtraction of this foreground emission component from the diffuse sky maps. Alternatively, this emission component could be extragalactic. Its spectral signature is consistent with that of redshifted continuum and recombination line emission from HII regions formed by the first generation of very massive stars. In this paper we analyze the implications of this spectral component for the formation rate of these Population III stars, the redshift interval during which they formed, the reionization of the universe and evolution of collapsed halo masses. We find that to reproduce the intensity and spectral shape of the NIRBL requires a peak star formation rate that is higher by about a factor of 4 to 10 compared to those derived from hierarchical models. Furthermore, an extragalactic origin for the NIRBL leads to physically unrealistic absorption-corrected spectra of distant TeV blazars. All these results suggest that Pop III stars contribute only a fraction of the NIRBL intensity with zodiacal light, star forming galaxies, and/or non-nuclear sources giving rise to the remaining fraction.
description: 28 pages including 7 embedded figures. Submitted to ApJ
Motivators and Inhibitors for Women Superintendents
Creators: name: Harris, Sandra
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2017

description: Findings indicated that the top five motivators for women were desire to make a difference, ability to initiate change, desire to positively impact people, and the personal and professional challenge. There were no significant differences for male superintendents. The top female inhibitors were increased time commitment, the amount of paperwork and bureaucracy, community politics, working with the school board, and isolation from the campus setting. Increased time commitment was significantly more important to females than to males.
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 23 (2007)
The bunch monitoring system of the HITRAP decelerator
Creators: name: Reiter, A.
name: Herfurth, F.
name: Kaufmann, W.
name: Krüger, C.
name: Steck, M.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Compression, Generalization and Learning
Creators: name: Campi, Marco C.
name: Garatti, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A compression function is a map that slims down an observational set into a subset of reduced size, while preserving its informational content. In multiple applications, the condition that one new observation makes the compressed set change is interpreted that this observation brings in extra information and, in learning theory, this corresponds to misclassification, or misprediction. In this paper, we lay the foundations of a new theory that allows one to keep control on the probability of change of compression (which maps into the statistical "risk" in learning applications). Under suitable conditions, the cardinality of the compressed set is shown to be a consistent estimator of the probability of change of compression (without any upper limit on the size of the compressed set); moreover, unprecedentedly tight finite-sample bounds to evaluate the probability of change of compression are obtained under a generally applicable condition of preference. All results are usable in a fully agnostic setup, i.e., without requiring any a priori knowledge on the probability distribution of the observations. Not only these results offer a valid support to develop trust in observation-driven methodologies, they also play a fundamental role in learning techniques as a tool for hyper-parameter tuning.
description: https://www.jmlr.org/papers/v24/22-0605.html
A study of synchrony and phaselocking through excitatory/inhibitory coupling
Creators: name: Dawes, Adriana Tiamae
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This paper is an investigation of the possible behaviours that can arise when oscillators are coupled by excitatory / inhibitory coupling. In the case of two oscillators, this means that the action of the first oscillator inhibits the second oscillator, while the action of the second oscillator activates the first oscillator. Here the first oscillator would be called Vi while the second oscillator would be denoted Ve. This investigation is to clarify the interaction of two oscillators found to operate in a pituitary cell. Within the pituitary cell there is a voltage oscillator that is determined by the flow of currents across the plasma membrane, and a calcium oscillator which measures the change in calcium concentration due to the release of calcium from internal stores. Experimental work has demonstrated that these oscillators are coupled and the voltage oscillator activates the calcium oscillator while the calcium oscillator inhibits the action of the voltage oscillator. Realistic models of pituitary cells are quite complicated and difficult to understand. In order to study this coupling in more detail we can make use of simplified models coupled with excitatory / inhibitory synaptic currents. For this investigation, we will be using the simple models given by the Connor model for type I oscillators and the Morris-Lecar model for type II oscillators. The oscillators are coupled by synaptic currents which can be either excitatory or inhibitory. The synaptic currents have many parameters that influence how the oscillators interact with each other. By varying these parameters, we will gain insight into how oscillators coupled in this manner behave. This will be accomplished by using computer simulations and data analysis. In general we find that oscillators that interact through excitatory / inhibitory coupling can exhibit many different and interesting behaviours including harmonic and asynchronous phase-locking, suppression of one or both oscillators and drifting. Of particular interest is the case of drifting, where the oscillators fire at the same time only after a long period of time and the time between action potentials can vary in both oscillators. This drifting behaviour could help to explain why voltage and calcium oscillators operate on a time scale of milliseconds and seconds respectively, while hormone release occurs on a time scale of minutes to hours.
High-intensity scaling in UV-modified QED
Creators: name: Ekman, Robin
name: Heinzl, Tom
name: Ilderton, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: QED perturbation theory in a background field has been conjectured to break down for sufficiently high field intensity. The high-intensity behavior of a field theory is however intertwined with its high-energy (UV) behavior. Here we show that a UV modification of QED changes the high-intensity behaviour of observables. Specifically we study non-linear Compton scattering in a constant crossed field in QED with an additional Pauli term. In the UV modified theory the cross section exhibits a faster power-law scaling with intensity than in ordinary QED.
description: v2: typos corrected, some clarifications made; version accepted for publication
Propagating Coherent Acoustic Phonon Wavepackets in InMnAs/GaSb
Creators: name: Wang, J.
name: Hashimoto, Y.
name: Kono, J.
name: Oiwa, A.
name: Munekata, H.
name: Sanders, G. D.
name: Stanton, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observe pronounced oscillations in the differential reflectivity of a ferromagnetic InMnAs/GaSb heterostructure using two-color pump-probe spectroscopy. Although originally thought to be associated with the ferromagnetism, our studies show that the oscillations instead result from changes in the position and frequency-dependent dielectric function due to the generation of coherent acoustic phonons in the ferromagnetic InMnAs layer and their subsequent propagation into the GaSb. Our theory accurately predicts the experimentally measured oscillation period and decay time as a function of probe wavelength.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
The status of the CRYRING@ESR project
Creators: name: Herfurth, F.
name: Lestinsky, M.
name: Andelkovic, Z.
name: Bär, R.
name: Bräuning-Demian, A.
name: Litvinov, S.
name: Dolinskii, O.
name: Enders, W.
name: Engström, M.
name: Fedotova, S.
name: Franzke, B.
name: Geithner, W.
name: Gorda, O.
name: Källberg, A.
name: Kotovskiy, N.
name: Reiter, A.
name: Simonsson, A.
name: Sieber, T.
name: Sjöholm, J.
name: Steck, M.
name: Stöhlker, T.
name: Vorobjev, G.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
An Exploration of the Trust-Commitment Cultural Model and Its Role in the Success of Women Entrepreneurs
Creators: name: Davis, Jack
name: Vequist, David G.
name: Merrell, Ronald
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2017

description: Survey data analysis in three stages over a five year period is reported to explore the idea that successful women business owners develop and utilize a "culture of trust and commitment" in their firms and that this culture is a fundamental contributor to their high financial and organizational performance. Responses of more than 1,000 employees from 18 small businesses (14 owned by women, 4 by men) to the 95 questions of the Quality Leadership Survey (QLS) are given. The QLS in part directly assesses the broad concept of culture and the specific constructs of trust and commitment. Extensive statistical calculations are employed to examine the possibility that trust and commitment are closely linked and are the foundation of a distinct culture created and nurtured by outstanding women entrepreneurs. The authors believe the education and training on the subject of culture will be very helpful to current and future entrepreneurs.
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 23 (2007)
A Dynamical Quantum Cluster Approach to Two-Particle Correlation Functions in the Hubbard Model
Creators: name: Hochkeppel, S.
name: Assaad, F. F.
name: Hanke, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the charge- and spin dynamical structure factors for the 2D one-band Hubbard model in the strong coupling regime within an extension of the Dynamical Cluster Approximation (DCA) to two-particle response functions. The full irreducible two-particle vertex with three momenta and frequencies is approximated by an effective vertex dependent on the momentum and frequency of the spin/charge excitation. In the spirit of the DCA, the effective vertex is calculated with quantum Monte Carlo methods on a finite cluster. On the basis of a comparison with high temperature auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo data we show that near and beyond optimal doping, our results provide a consistent overall picture of the interplay between charge, spin and single-particle excitations.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures
Airplane-Aided Integrated Next-Generation Networking
Creators: name: Srinivasan, Muralikrishnan
name: Gopi, Sarath
name: Kalyani, Sheetal
name: Huang, Xiaojing
name: Hanzo, Lajos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A high-rate yet low-cost air-to-ground (A2G) communication backbone is conceived for integrating the space and terrestrial network by harnessing the opportunistic assistance of the passenger planes or high altitude platforms (HAPs) as mobile base stations (BSs) and millimetre wave communication. The airliners act as the network-provider for the terrestrial users while relying on satellite backhaul. Three different beamforming techniques relying on a large-scale planar array are used for transmission by the airliner/HAP for achieving a high directional gain, hence minimizing the interference among the users. Furthermore, approximate spectral efficiency (SE) and area spectral efficiency (ASE) expressions are derived and quantified for diverse system parameters.
Multiple-Order Singularity Expansion Method
Creators: name: Soltane, Isam Ben
name: Colom, Rémi
name: Dierick, Félice
name: Stout, Brian
name: Bonod, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 78A99

description: Physical systems and signals are often characterized by complex functions of frequency in the harmonic-domain. The extension of such functions to the complex frequency plane has been a topic of growing interest as it was shown that specific complex frequencies could be used to describe both ordinary and exceptional physical properties. In particular, expansions and factorized forms of the harmonic-domain functions in terms of their poles and zeros under multiple physical considerations have been used. In this work, we start from a general property of continuity and differentiability of the complex functions to derive the multiple-order singularity expansion method. We rigorously derive the common singularity and zero expansion and factorization expressions, and generalize them to the case of singularities of arbitrary order, whilst deducing the behaviour of these complex frequencies from the simple hypothesis that we are dealing with physically realistic signals.
description: Main manuscript: 13 pages, 5 figures. Supporting information: 6 pages, 3 figures
Testimonies of Exemplary Caribbean Women Educational Leaders
Creators: name: Conrad, Dennis A.
name: Conrad, Deborah J.
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2017

description: This study recognizes and honors the contributions and opinions of three exemplary educational and social institutions at national levels in Trinidad and Tobago. They emerged as leaders, despite the dominant patriarchy, pervasive bureaucracy, and elitist hegemony characteristic of "developing" countries. The testimonies of these women in leadership reveal glimpses of how they evolved as community leaders and their perceptions on what is critical to educational leadership. This study uses oral history methodology to develop thick narratives and aims to share, celebrate, and value the lessons of these participant-exemplars. Findings from the study reveal leadership as an evolutionary process, nurtured by spirituality, community, and a sense of gender-equity--along with inter-relatedness--in the lives of the participants
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 23 (2007)
On the numerical stability of discretised Optimal Control Problems
Creators: name: Bijalwan, Ashutosh
name: Muñoz, Jose J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Optimal Control Problems consist on the optimisation of an objective functional subjected to a set of Ordinary Differential Equations. In this work, we consider the effects on the stability of the numerical solution when this optimisation is discretised in time. In particular, we analyse a OCP with a quadratic functional and linear ODE, discretised with Mid-point and implicit Euler. We show that the numerical stability and the presence of numerical oscillations depends not only on the time-step size, but also on the parameters of the objective functional, which measures the amount of control input. Finally, we also show with an illustrative example that these results also carry over non-linear optimal control problems
Electronic Structure of Sodium Cobalt Oxide: Comparing Mono- and Bilayer-hydrate
Creators: name: Arita, Ryotaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To shed new light on the mechanism of superconductivity in sodium cobalt oxide bilayer-hydrate (BLH), we perform a density functional calculation with full structure optimization for BLH and its related nonsuperconducting phase, monolayer hydrate (MLH). We find that these hydrates have similar band structures, but a notable difference can be seen in the $a_{1g}$ band around the Fermi level. While its dispersion in the $z$ direction is negligibly small for BLH, it is of the order of 0.1 eV for MLH. This result implies that the three dimensional feature of the $a_{1g}$ band may be the origin for the absence of superconductivity in MLH.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. B
Stochastic motion of finite-size immiscible impurities in a dilute quantum fluid at finite temperature
Creators: name: Giuriato, Umberto
name: Krstulovic, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of an active, finite-size and immiscible impurity in a dilute quantum fluid at finite temperature is characterized by means of numerical simulations of the projected Gross--Pitaevskii equation. The impurity is modeled as a localized repulsive potential and described with classical degrees of freedom. It is shown that impurities of different sizes thermalize with the fluid and undergo a stochastic dynamics compatible with an Ornstein--Uhlenbeck process at sufficiently large time-lags. The velocity correlation function and the displacement of the impurity are measured and an increment of the friction with temperature is observed. Such behavior is phenomenologically explained in a scenario where the impurity exchanges momentum with a dilute gas of thermal excitations, experiencing an Epstein drag.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Long-term trends in human body size track regional variation in subsistence transitions and growth acceleration linked to dairying
Creators: name: Stock, Jay T
name: Pomeroy, Emma
name: Ruff, Christopher B
name: Brown, Marielle
name: Gasperetti, Matthew A
name: Li, Fa-Jun
name: Maher, Lisa
name: Malone, Caroline
name: Mushrif-Tripathy, Veena
name: Parkinson, Eoin
name: Rivera, Michael
name: Siew, Yun Ysi
name: Stefanovic, Sofia
name: Stoddart, Simon
name: Zarina, Gunita
name: Wells, Jonathan CK
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022

description: This item has been withdrawn due to a press embargo and will be reinstated once the embargo has lifted. For further information please contact info@openaccess.cam.ac.uk
description: National Science Foundation (NSF): Christopher B. Ruff BCS-0642297 National Science Foundation (NSF): Christopher B. Ruff BCS-0642710
Experimental constraints on non-linearities induced by two-photon effects in elastic and inelastic Rosenbluth separations
Creators: name: Tvaskis, V.
name: Arrington, J.
name: Christy, M. E.
name: Ent, R.
name: Keppel, C. E.
name: Liang, Y.
name: Vittorini, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of two-photon exchange corrections, suggested to explain the difference between measurements of the proton elastic electromagnetic form factors using the polarization transfer and Rosenbluth techniques, have been studied in elastic and inelastic scattering data. Such corrections could introduce epsilon-dependent non-linearities in inelastic Rosenbluth separations, where epsilon is the virtual photon polarization parameter. It is concluded that such non-linear effects are consistent with zero for elastic, resonance, and deep-inelastic scattering for all Q^2 and W^2 values measured.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. To be submitted to Phys. Rev. C
A novel scheme for fast extraction of low energy beams from the ESR to the CRYRING
Creators: name: Litvinov, S.
name: Kleffner, C.
name: Nolden, F.
name: Steck, M.
name: Winters, D.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
LEXTREME: A Multi-Lingual and Multi-Task Benchmark for the Legal Domain
Creators: name: Niklaus, Joel
name: Matoshi, Veton
name: Rani, Pooja
name: Galassi, Andrea
name: Stürmer, Matthias
name: Chalkidis, Ilias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2
subject: 68T50

description: Lately, propelled by the phenomenal advances around the transformer architecture, the legal NLP field has enjoyed spectacular growth. To measure progress, well curated and challenging benchmarks are crucial. However, most benchmarks are English only and in legal NLP specifically there is no multilingual benchmark available yet. Additionally, many benchmarks are saturated, with the best models clearly outperforming the best humans and achieving near perfect scores. We survey the legal NLP literature and select 11 datasets covering 24 languages, creating LEXTREME. To provide a fair comparison, we propose two aggregate scores, one based on the datasets and one on the languages. The best baseline (XLM-R large) achieves both a dataset aggregate score a language aggregate score of 61.3. This indicates that LEXTREME is still very challenging and leaves ample room for improvement. To make it easy for researchers and practitioners to use, we release LEXTREME on huggingface together with all the code required to evaluate models and a public Weights and Biases project with all the runs.
description: Published at EMNLP Findings 2023
Elizabeth Cady Stanton's Philosophy of Social Justice in Education
Creators: name: Beaubien, Brigid
name: Tonso, Karen L.
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2017

description: Historical discussions of social justice in education and its impact on society tend to focus on Brown v. The Board of Education (1954), as an antidote to Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), which enshrined the infamous "separate but equal" dictum for racially segregated schools. One person rarely considered in the discussion, yet critical because of her enormous public influence in her day, is Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Most know Cady Stanton as a founder of the Women's Movement in America , and as an advocate for women. However, Cady Stanton also provided a well-documented, systematically developed theory on social justice in education. This surprised us, since her work received enormous scrutiny when feminists of the 1960s and 1970s worked to unearth forgotten women. Believing that advancing women's place in educational thought requires understanding the contributions of women to educational thought, we set out to understand Cady Stanton's philosophy of social justice in education.
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 23 (2007)
Strong pair correlation in small metallic nanoclusters: the energy spectrum
Creators: name: Ovchinnikov, Y. N.
name: Kresin, V. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic shell structure in small metallic nanoclusters leads to high level degeneracy, which is strongly beneficial for the appearance of pair correlation. This results in a high value of Tc as well as in the appearance of a superconducting gap which causes a strong modification of the energy spectrum. The electronic energy spectrum becomes strongly temperature dependent. Consequently, specific experiments to demonstrate the presence of pair correlation can be proposed.