Everettia subconsul
Creators: name: Liew, Thor-Seng
name: Schilthuizen, Menno
name: Vermeulen, Jaap Jan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Dyakiidae
Everettia
Everettia subconsul

description: EVERETTIA SUBCONSUL (SMITH, 1887B)   
 Nanina subconsul, Smith, 1887b:132.   
 Macrochlamys subconsul, Smith, 1887a: 216, plate 9, figures 4–6.   
 Macrochlamys (Everettia) subconsul, Kobelt, 1905: 1011, plate 261, figures 8–10.   
 Xesta themis, Haas, 1951: 623, figure 131.   
 Type material: BMNH 1889.5.21.1, holotype (seen).   
 Material examined: SABAH – Imbak Valley: BOR/ MOL 925, vi.2000; BOR/MOL 5272, vi.2006. Meliau Range: BOR/MOL 3186, 355 m altitude (alt.), viii.2004; BOR/MOL 3187, 100 m alt., viii.2004; BOR/ MOL 3188, 150 m alt., viii.2004; BOR/MOL 3190, 150 m alt., viii.2004; BOR/MOL 3191, 640 m alt., viii.2004; BOR/MOL 3192, 650 m alt., viii.2004; BOR/ MOL 5263, 355 m alt., viii.2004; BOR/MOL 5266, 470 m alt., viii.2004. Danum Valley: BOR/MOL 931, iii.2001; BOR/MOL 936, ix.2000; BOR/MOL 937, iii.2001; BOR/MOL 938, ix.2002; BOR/MOL 943, v.2000; BOR/MOL 947, v.2000; BOR/MOL 948, vii.2001; BOR/MOL 952, v.2000; BOR/MOL 953, v.2000; BOR/MOL 963, v.2000; BOR/MOL 965, vii.2001; BOR/MOL 970, iii.2001; BOR/MOL 974, ix.2000; BOR/MOL 1231, v.2000; BOR/MOL 4250, vi.2006; BOR/MOL 4781, ix.2000; BOR/MOL 4889, iii.2001; BOR/MOL 5119, iii.2000; BOR/MOL 5393, vii.2001; JJ 1197, ix.1986. Tabin Wildlife Reserve: BOR/MOL 5230, v.2001. Crocker Range: BOR/MOL 933, 1420 m alt., x.2000; BOR/MOL 1374, Kimanis, 300 m alt., ix.2002; BOR/MOL 1424, Ulu Kimanis, 750 m alt., ix.2002; BOR/MOL 1378, Ulu Kimanis, 1200 m alt., vi.2003; BOR/MOL 3112, Melalap, 480 m alt., i.2004; BOR/MOL 3362, Inobong, xi.2004; BOR/ MOL 5240, Sugud Forest Reserve, vi.2003; BOR/MOL 5262, Kg. Langsat, 200 m alt., vi.2004; BOR/MOL 935, Kiansom, i.2001; BOR/MOL 972, Kiansom, xii.2000; BOR/MOL 3479, Kiansom, iii.2005; BOR/ MOL 4813, Kiansom, xii.2000; BOR/MOL 949, Mahua, 1200 m, vii.2001; SP 12214, Ulu Megindanau, 130 m alt. ix.2002; SP 12453, Ulu Liawan, ix.2005 SP 12524, Melangkap Tomis, v.2005; SP 12593, Ulu Kimanis, ix.2005; SP 12648, Ulu Kimanis, ix.2005; SP 12651, Ulu Kimanis, ix.2005; SP 12804, Nalapak, x.2006; SP 12709, Ulu Membakut, ii.2006; SP 12784, Ulu Kimanis, iv.2006. Kinabatangan: BOR/MOL 1291, Bod Tai, 100 m alt., v.2002; BOR/MOL 1295, Keruak, 50 m alt., iv.2002; BOR/MOL 1296, Ulu Sungai Resang, i.2003; BOR/MOL 1377, Pangi, 100 m alt., v.2002; BOR/MOL 1387, Batu Tomanggong Besar, 50 m alt., iv.2002; BOR/MOL 1388, Pangi, 100 m alt., v.2002; BOR/MOL 1394, Batu Tomanggong Besar, 50 m alt., iv.2003; BOR/MOL 2084, Batu Materis, 36 m alt., iv.2003; BOR/MOL 2304, Batu Keruak, 43 m alt., iii.2003; BOR/MOL 2305, Batu Tai, 70 m alt., iii.2003; BOR/MOL 2306, Bukit Mawas, 14 m alt., iii.2003; BOR/MOL 2307, Bukit Mawas, 30 m alt., iii.2003; BOR/MOL 2308, Batu Materis, 36 m alt., iv.2003; BOR/MOL 2309, Sukau, 50 m alt., iii.2003; BOR/MOL 2311, Batu Tomanggong Besar, 50 m alt., viii.2003; BOR/MOL 2312, Batu Tomanggong Besar, 50 m alt., viii.2003; BOR/MOL 2491, Bukit Mawas, 14 m alt., iii.2003; BOR/MOL 3646, Gomantong, xii.2004; JJ 9576, Bod Tai, iv.2002; JJ 9612, Tandu Batu, 20 m alt., iv.2002; JJ 9658, Batu Pangi, 20 m alt., iv.2002; JJ 9672, Batu Pangi, 20 m alt., iv.2002. Kota Kinabalu: BOR/MOL 915, Gaya Island, vii.2001; BOR/MOL 1305, Universiti Malaysia Sabah; BOR/MOL 3370, Karambunai, i.2004. Kudat: BOR/MOL 3009, Banggi Island, 50 m alt., 2003; BOR/ MOL 3686, Balambangan Island, v.2005; BOR/MOL 4375, Kg. Magnin, 239 m alt., vii.2006; JJ 9507, Balambangan Island, iv.2002; JJ 9534, Balambangan Island, iv.2002. JJ 9545, Balambangan Island, iv.2002; BMNH 1893.6.8.59–60, Banggi Island, 1893; BMNH 1893.6.7.13, Banggi Island, 1893. Mount Kinabalu: BOR/MOL 3114, Serinsim, 200 m alt., 2004; BOR/MOL 940, Poring, 660 m alt., xi.2001; BOR/MOL 1385, Sayap, 1000 m alt., x.2002; BOR/ MOL 4421, Sayap, 1152 m alt., xi.2005; BOR/MOL 4423, Sayap, 1496 m alt., xi.2005; SP 12537, western slope, Sayap substation, v.2005; SP 12658, western slope, Sayap substation, xi.2005; SP 12802, western slope, Sayap substation, ix.2006; SP 12828, western slope, Sayap substation, x.2006; ZMA 176864, 1920. Mount Tambuyukon: BOR/MOL 4409, eastern slope, 896 m alt., x.2005; BOR/MOL 4416, eastern slope, 1016 m alt., x.2005; BOR/MOL 4425, eastern slope, 1144 m alt., x.2005; BOR/MOL 4428, eastern slope, 880 m alt., x.2005; SP 12491, north-eastern slope, iv.2005. Mount Nombuyukon: BOR/MOL 4410, north-eastern slope, 1070 m alt., xi.2005; BOR/MOL 4411, north-eastern slope, 548 m alt., xi.2005; BOR/MOL 4413, north-eastern slope, 452 m alt., xi.2005; BOR/MOL 4414, north-eastern slope, 1204 m alt., xi.2005; BOR/MOL 4415, northeastern slope, xi.2005; BOR/MOL 4417, north-eastern slope, 1380 m alt., xi.2005; BOR/MOL 4418, northeastern slope, xi.2005; BOR/MOL 4419, xi.2005; BOR/ MOL 4420, north-eastern slope, 877 m alt., xi.2005; BOR/MOL 4422, north-eastern slope, 700 m alt., xi.2005; BOR/MOL 4424, north-eastern slope, 1001 m alt., xi.2005; BOR/MOL 4426, north-eastern slope, xi.2005. Telupid: JJ 1263, Mount Tawai, xi.1986.   
 Diagnostic characteristics: This is a smooth-shelled species with its mantle covered by regularly spaced radial darker brown bands at the last half whorl. All the other species with similar mantle markings from Sabah have distinct sculpture above the periphery. Everettia subconsul differs from Everettia layanglayang in animal colour and mantle markings.   
 Description: Shell (Fig. 6C): large, rather thin, yellowish brown. Spire moderately to distinctly elevated, outer whorls slightly shouldered below the suture. Periphery slightly shouldered to almost rounded, more distinctly angular in juveniles. Above the periphery, shell silky with very weak (but distinct) oblique wrinkling, slightly stronger towards the suture. Amongst this wrinkling, very fine granulation [40¥ magnification (magn.)] is arranged obliquely, sometimes with inconspicuous spaced spiral grooves. Below the periphery, shell has fine, densely placed spiral grooves. Height up to 18 mm; width up to 32.5 mm; diameter of each of the first three whorls is 0.9–1.0 mm; number of whorls up to six and a half; height aperture up to 12.5 mm; width aperture up to 15.5 mm. Width: height ranges from 1.63 to 1.76 (Danum) or 1.75 to 1.90 (Kinabatangan). Genitalia (Fig. 7D): maximum length from genital opening to the end of dart-sac (before the visible gland tubules) up to 16 mm. The penis, dart-sac, and vagina very thin with thick muscular wall. P, V, GO, BC, and DS arranged around the short genital atrium, with limited space between the opening of each of the genitalia structures. Short BC about one-quarter to one-third of total DS length. Animal (Figs 4F, 8A, F): black bands on either side of tentacles, which are divided by a white band that occupies the space between eye tentacles, and extends backward to the end of mantle and downward to just below the eye tentacles. Other parts of the animal are covered by regularly spaced oblique dotted belts. The mantle is covered by brown irregular markings and followed by regularly spaced radial darker brown bands at the last half whorl.   
 Distribution and habitat: Primary forest, up to 1400 m alt. Sabah: west coast, east coast, and interior area. Danum Valley, Kinabatangan, Crocker Range, Pulau Banggi, Kota Kinabalu (Figs 5A, 9D).   
 Remarks: Some of the immature specimens from this species have a keeled shell as does Everettia themis, but Everettia subconsul has a more rounded lower periphery than E. themis. The populations in the interior of Sabah, the west coast, and at higher elevations have a small and rounded-periphery shell. It is not possible to differentiate the typical lowland E. subconsul and highland Everettia layanglayang from the shell alone. Nevertheless, we decided that the type specimen of E. subconsul is identical to the Everettia species that is common throughout the lowlands of Sabah. The type locality – north Borneo, had not been specified by either Whitehead (1893) or Smith (1887b). According to the report of Whitehead (1893), the attempt to climb Mount Kinabalu was not successful until the end of January 1888. The type was collected by Whitehead during his Exploration of Mount Kinabalu between 1885 and 1887; and described by Smith (1887b). Thus, we presume that the type specimen was collected during his second failed attempt to Mount Kinabalu, in the Melangkap area where the elevation does not exceed 1200 m. However, E. layanglayang can only be found above 1800 m.
description: Published as part of Liew, Thor-Seng, Schilthuizen, Menno & Vermeulen, Jaap Jan, 2009, Systematic revision of the genus Everettia Godwin-Austen, 1891 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Dyakiidae) in Sabah, northern Borneo, pp. 515-550 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (3) on pages 522-526, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00526.x, http://zenodo.org/record/5443023