cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The influence of large scale magnetic field in the structure of supercritical accretion flow with outflow
Creators: name: Ghasemnezhad, Maryam
name: Abbassi, Shahram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the effects of ordered large scale magnetic field on the structure of supercritical accretion flow in the presence of outflow. In the cylindrical coordinates ($r, φ,z$), We write the 1.5 dimensional, the steady state ($\frac{\partial}{\partial t}=0$) and axisymmetric ($\frac{\partial}{\partial φ}=0$) inflow-outflow equations by using the self similar solutions. Also a model for radiation pressure supported accretion flow threaded by both toroidal and vertical components of magnetic field has been formulated. For studying the outflows, we adopt a radius dependent mass accretion rate as $\dot{M}=\dot{M}_{out}{(\frac{r}{r_{out}})^{s+\frac{1}{2}}}$ with $s=\frac{1}{2}$. Also by following the previous works, we have considered the interchange of mass, radial and angular momentum and the energy between inflow and outflow. we have found numerically that two components of magnetic field have the opposite effects on the thickness of the disc and similar effects on the radial and angular velocities of the flow. We have found that the existence of the toroidal component of magnetic field will lead to increasing of radial and azimuthal velocities as well as the relative thickness of the disc, which is increased . Moreover, the thickness of the disc will decrease when the vertical component of magnetic field becomes important in magnetized flow. The solutions indicated that the mass inflow rate, the specific energy of outflow affect strongly on the advection parameter.We have shown that by increasing the two components of magnetic field, the temperature of the accretion flow will decrease significantly. On the other hand we have shown the bolometric luminosity of the slim discs for high values of $\dot{m} (\dot{m}>>1)$ is not sensitive to mass accretion rate and is kept constant ($L \approx 10 L_{E}$).
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Chiral vortical effect generated by chiral anomaly in vortex-skyrmions
Creators: name: Volovik, G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the type of the general macroscopic parity-violating effects, when there is the current along the vortex, which is concentrated in the vortex core. We consider vortices in superfluids, which contain the Weyl points. In the vortex core the positions of the Weyl points form the skyrmion structure. We show that the mass current concentrated in such a core is provided by the spectral flow through the Weyl points according to the Adler-Bell-Jackiw equation for chiral anomaly.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, version accepted in JETP Letters
Simulations of "Tunnelling of the 3rd Kind"
Creators: name: Mou, Zong-Gang
name: Saffin, Paul M.
name: Tognarelli, Paul
name: Tranberg, Anders
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the phenomenon of "tunnelling of the 3rd kind", whereby a magnetic field may traverse a classically impenetrable barrier by pair creation of unimpeded quantum fermions. These propagate through the barrier and generate a magnetic field on the other side. We study this numerically using quantum fermions coupled to a classical Higgs-gauge system, where we set up a magnetic field outside a box shielded by two superconducting barriers. We examine the magnitude of the internal magnetic field, and find agreement with existing perturbative results within a factor of two.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
Biomedical Data Warehouses
Creators: name: Darmont, Jérôme
name: Olivier, Emerson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The aim of this article is to present an overview of the existing biomedical data warehouses and to discuss the issues and future trends in this area. We illustrate this topic by presenting the design of an innovative, complex data warehouse for personal, anticipative medicine.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0809.2688
Spin mixing and protection of ferromagnetism in a spinor dipolar condensate
Creators: name: Lepoutre, S.
name: Kechadi, K.
name: Naylor, B.
name: Zhu, B.
name: Gabardos, L.
name: Isaev, L.
name: Pedri, P.
name: Rey, A. M.
name: Vernac, L.
name: Laburthe-Tolra, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study spin mixing dynamics in a chromium dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensate, after tilting the atomic spins by an angle $θ$ with respect to the magnetic field. Spin mixing is triggered by dipolar coupling, but, once dynamics has started, it is mostly driven by contact interactions. For the particular case $θ=π/2$, an external spin-orbit coupling term induced by a magnetic gradient is required to enable the dynamics. Then the initial ferromagnetic character of the gas is locally preserved, an unexpected feature that we attribute to large spin-dependent contact interactions.
description: 4 figures (+2 figures in Supp Mat)
Index and Materialized View Selection in Data Warehouses
Creators: name: Aouiche, Kamel
name: Darmont, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The aim of this article is to present an overview of the major families of state-of-the-art index and materialized view selection methods, and to discuss the issues and future trends in data warehouse performance optimization. We particularly focus on data mining-based heuristics we developed to reduce the selection problem complexity and target the most pertinent candidate indexes and materialized views.
Mapping substructure in the HST Frontier Fields cluster lenses and in cosmological simulations
Creators: name: Natarajan, Priyamvada
name: Chadayammuri, Urmila
name: Jauzac, Mathilde
name: Richard, Johan
name: Kneib, Jean-Paul
name: Ebeling, Harald
name: Jiang, Fangzhou
name: Bosch, Frank van den
name: Limousin, Marceau
name: Jullo, Eric
name: Atek, Hakim
name: Pillepich, Annalisa
name: Popa, Cristina
name: Marinacci, Federico
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Meneghetti, Massimo
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We map the lensing-inferred substructure in the first three clusters observed by the Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Fields Initiative (HSTFF): Abell 2744 (z = 0.308), MACSJ0416, (z = 0.396) and MACSJ1149 (z = 0.543). Statistically resolving dark-matter subhaloes down to ~10^{9.5} solar masses, we compare the derived subhalo mass functions (SHMFs) to theoretical predictions from analytical models and with numerical simulations in a Lambda Cold Dark Matter (LCDM) cosmology. Mimicking our observational cluster member selection criteria in the HSTFF, we report excellent agreement in both amplitude and shape of the SHMF over four decades in subhalo mass (10^{9-13} solar masses). Projection effects do not appear to introduce significant errors in the determination of SHMFs from simulations. We do not find evidence for a substructure crisis, analogous to the missing satellite problem in the Local Group, on cluster scales, but rather excellent agreement of the count-matched HSTFF SHMF down to M_{sub halo}/M_{halo} ~ 10^{-5}. However, we do find discrepancies in the radial distribution of sub haloes inferred from HSTFF cluster lenses compared to determinations from simulated clusters. This suggests that although the selected simulated clusters match the HSTFF sample in mass, they do not adequately capture the dynamical properties and complex merging morphologies of these observed cluster lenses. Therefore, HSTFF clusters are likely observed in a transient evolutionary stage that is presently insufficiently sampled in cosmological simulations. The abundance and mass function of dark matter substructure in cluster lenses continues to offer an important test of the LCDM paradigm, and at present we find no tension between model predictions and observations.
description: 20 pages, 29 figures, Accepted for publication, in press, MNRAS, replaced with added author affiliations and added reference
Overview of Recent Studies and Design Changes for the FNAL Magnetron Ion Source
Creators: name: Bollinger, D. S.
name: Sosa, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper will cover several studies and design changes that will eventually be implemented to the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) magnetron ion source. The topics include tungsten cathode insert, solenoid gas valves, current controlled arc pulser, cesium boiler redesign, gas mixtures of hydrogen and nitrogen, and duty factor reduction. The studies were performed on the FNAL test stand, with the aim to improve source lifetime, stability, and reducing the amount of tuning needed.
description: 8 pp
Banking on Housing; Spending the Home, 2004-2007
Creators: name: Smith, S. J
name: Cook, N.
name: Searle, B.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2008

description: This project is part of the ESRC's Cultures of Consumption programme. It documents the processes by which housing equity ebbs and flows between bricks and mortar and other goods and services. Options for 'spending the home' include debt consolidation and the purchase of safety net services, as well as investments to add value and/or to create livings spaces. Equally the equity in homes may be used to buy education, lifestyles, time, or a range of other 'things'. By charting the negotiations and decisions directing streams of housing equity into the wider cultural and material environment, this project casts light on the meaning, significance and use of housing wealth in consumption, and on its theoretical, practical and policy-linked consequences.

 The data comprises of discussions about housing wealth, mortgage debt, and mortgage equity withdrawal. They were held with 119 home buyers in England. These mortgage holders were quota sampled from two previous studies to secure a spread of levels of unmortgaged housing equity and a range of mortgage types. The interview schedule considers: the extent to which home purchase is driven by likely investment returns; how 'mainstream' borrowers chose and manage their mortgage; and why, when and to what extent home buyers borrow from housing wealth to fund other expenditures.

 Interviews were open-ended and semi-structured, completed by telephone by an interview team of two. Interviews were conducted after initial contact by letter and telephone, by prior appointment with respondents who opted-in to the study, and had received appropriate information about the research. The interviews are transcribed verbatim. They are not marked up for hesitation, pauses, or expressions of emotion.

 Further information on this study can be found via the project's site Banking on Housing; Spending the Home and the ESRC's award page for Banking on Housing; Spending the Home.
title:   Strain Energy Analysis Related To Strata Failure During Caving Operations
Creators: name: Gerwig, Caroline
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: For stiff beams that can form over the gob of longwall panels, the potential seismic magnitude of the energy released upon strata caving is estimated. Analytical calculations are used to verify two-dimensional models of longwall roof beams to determine the strain energy and gravitational energy developed, that will then be released to surrounding mine workings. Models are developed using RS2 to model the stress, strain, and deflection along the bottom of the longwall roof beam to calculate gravitational and strain energies.

The total energy is then converted to seismic magnitude. Strain energy was consistently less than gravitational energy, except for beams with heights below 15 m in height. Gravitational energy is shown to be the main driving factor in energy release, except for the beams with low heights. Analyses allow the determination of beam characteristics based on seismic data.

The analysis is then refined using swelling factor to compare various beam drop heights. The models show an increase in seismic magnitude for higher drop heights. However, the actual data provided by Buchanan mine displays a decrease in seismic magnitude with increasing drop height, indicating that energy is dissipated into the broken gob material as drop height increases.
description: © 2022 Caroline Gerwig
Informal Networks and the Representation of Workers’ Interests in the United Kingdom Audio-Visual Industries, 2004-2005
Creators: name: Antcliff, V.
name: Stuart, M.
name: Saundry, R.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2008

description: This project explored the nature and functions of a range of informal networks developed by freelance workers to represent and defend their interests in the UK audio-visual (AV) industries. The structure of employment in this sector has changed considerably over the past two decades. Worker insecurity and uncertainty have developed as permanent jobs are replaced by freelance and short-term contracts. Over this period Trade Union influence and recognition has been eroded while the importance of networks based on informal contacts and reputation has increased. This project explores the ways in which freelance workers use networks to articulate and advance both individual and collective interests. The researchers interviewed 35 freelance workers, who were questioned on their individual behaviour, attitudes, and aspirations in relation to informal networks. They also conducted 7 interviews with key informants from trade unions and interest groups exploring the interaction between informal networks and traditional institutions of industrial relations. The principal objectives of the study were:
to explore the use of informal networks by freelance workers in AV industries

to examine how such networks are used to represent/defend worker interests in the employment relationship

to assess whether such networks provide the potential for collective renewal and/or a foundation for alternative institutions to represent collective interests

to investigate the impact of such networks on existing formal networks of representation (i.e. Trade Unions).
 Further information about the study is available from its <a href="http://www.esrcsocietytoday/esrcinfocentre/viewawardpage.aspx?awardnumber=RES-000-22-0562" title="Informal Networks and the Representation of Workers’ Interests in the United Kingdom Audio-Visual Industries, 2004-2005">ESRC award page.
Making Feminist Sense of 'the Anti-Globalisation Movement', 2004-2005
Creators: name: Eschle, C.
name: Maiguashca, B.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2008

description: This research aims to make sense of 'the anti-globalisation movement' from a feminist perspective. It seeks to offer a feminist conceptualization of this movement as well as an empirical mapping of women's and feminist anti-globalisation activism. The collection and analysis of data has been informed by two broad methodological frameworks. The first is social movement theory, especially of the constructivist variety. The second, and most important, is feminist theory, broadly conceived, which generates its questions from women's experiences and struggles, problematises gendered power relations, treats women as subjects rather than simply objects of knowledge, and encourages reflexivity on the part of the researcher. Fieldwork was conducted at the European Social Forum in London, October 2004 and the World Social Forum in Porto Alegre, Brazil, January 2005. Semi-structured interviews took place with open-ended questions on specific topics. Subjects were chosen in large part because they were identified by the researchers as 'key informants', i.e. coordinators of groups with an active and important role on site. However, the interviews constitute only part of a wider dataset and it is important to understand these are partial, situated narratives of interpretation about feminist anti-globalisation activism. The data generated are used to map the historical context, organisational structure, ideological and identity claims and key practices of feminist anti-globalisation activism. In so doing, the research aims to make the little-studied phenomenon visible and audible, and to contribute to a richer, and more critical, understanding of the anti-globalisation movement and its theoretical implications. Further information can be found on the ESRC award page.
Estimate of the regularly gridded 3D vector flow field from a set of tomographic maps
Creators: name: Svanda, M.
name: Kozon, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time--distance inversions usually provide tomographic maps of the interesting plasma properties (we will focus on flows) at various depths. These maps however do not correspond directly to the flow field, but rather to the true flow field smoothed by the averaging kernels. We introduce a method to derive a regularly gridded estimate of the true velocity field from the set of tomographic maps. We aim mainly to reconstruct the flow on a uniform grid in the vertical domain. We derive the algorithm, implement it and validate using synthetic data. The use of the synthetic data allows us to investigate the influence of random noise and to develop the methodology to deal with it properly.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Bimodules over uniformly oriented A_n quivers with radical square zero
Creators: name: Mazorchuk, Volodymyr
name: Zhang, Xiaoting
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We start with observing that the only connected finite dimensional algebras with finitely many isomorphism classes of indecomposable bimodules are the quotients of the path algebras of uniformly oriented $A_n$-quivers modulo the radical square zero relations. For such algebras we study the (finitary) tensor category of bimodules. We describe the cell structure of this tensor category, determine existing adjunctions between its $1$-morphisms and find a minimal generating set with respect to the tensor structure. We also prove that, for the algebras mentioned above, every simple transitive $2$-representation of the $2$-category of projective bimodules is equivalent to a cell $2$-representation.
Photonic topological pumping through the edges of a dynamical four-dimensional quantum Hall system
Creators: name: Zilberberg, Oded
name: Huang, Sheng
name: Guglielmon, Jonathan
name: Wang, Mohan
name: Chen, Kevin
name: Kraus, Yaacov E.
name: Rechtsman, Mikael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a two-dimensional electron gas is exposed to a perpendicular magnetic field and an in-plane electric field, its conductance becomes quantized in the transverse in-plane direction: this is known as the quantum Hall (QH) effect. This effect is a result of the nontrivial topology of the system's electronic band structure, where an integer topological invariant known as the first Chern number leads to the quantization of the Hall conductance. Interestingly, it was shown that the QH effect can be generalized mathematically to four spatial dimensions (4D), but this effect has never been realized for the obvious reason that experimental systems are bound to three spatial dimensions. In this work, we harness the high tunability and control offered by photonic waveguide arrays to experimentally realize a dynamically-generated 4D QH system using a 2D array of coupled optical waveguides. The inter-waveguide separation is constructed such that the propagation of light along the device samples over higher-dimensional momenta in the directions orthogonal to the two physical dimensions, thus realizing a 2D topological pump. As a result, the device's band structure is associated with 4D topological invariants known as second Chern numbers which support a quantized bulk Hall response with a 4D symmetry. In a finite-sized system, the 4D topological bulk response is carried by localized edges modes that cross the sample as a function of of the modulated auxiliary momenta. We directly observe this crossing through photon pumping from edge-to-edge and corner-to-corner of our system. These are equivalent to the pumping of charge across a 4D system from one 3D hypersurface to the opposite one and from one 2D hyperedge to another, and serve as first experimental realization of higher-dimensional topological physics.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, comments are welcome
Photofragmentation dynamics and dissociation energies of MoO and CrO
Creators: name: Cooper, Graham A.
name: Gentleman, Alexander S.
name: Iskra, Andreas
name: Mackenzie, Stuart R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutral metal-containing molecules and clusters present a particular challenge to velocity map imaging techniques. Common methods of choice for producing such species such as laser ablation or magnetron sputtering typically generate a wide variety of metal-containing species and, without the possibility of mass-selection, even determining the identity of the dissociating moiety can be challenging. In recent years, we have developed a velocity map imaging spectrometer equipped with a laser ablation source explicitly for studying neutral metal-containing species. Here, we report the results of velocity map imaging photofragmentation studies of MoO and CrO. In both cases, dissociation at the two- and three-photon level leads to fragmentation into a range of product channels, some of which can be confidently assigned to particular Mo (Cr) and O atom quantum states. Analysis of the kinetic energy release spectra as a function of photon energy allows precise determination of the ground state dissociation energies of MoO,respectively.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, Special JCP edition dedicated to VMI
High repetition rate ultrashort laser cuts a path through fog
Creators: name: de la Cruz, Lorena
name: Schubert, Elise
name: Mongin, Denis
name: Klingebiel, Sandro
name: Schultze, Marcel
name: Metzger, Thomas
name: Michel, Knut
name: Kasparian, Jérôme
name: Wolf, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrate that the transmission of a 1030~nm, 1.3~ps laser beam of 100 mJ energy through fog increases when its repetition rate increases to the kHz range. Due to the efficient energy deposition by the laser filaments in the air, a shockwave ejects the fog droplets from a substantial volume of the beam, at a moderate energy cost. This process opens prospects for applications requiring the transmission of laser beams through fogs and clouds.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Nonlinear energy transfer and current sheet development in localized Alfven wavepacket collisions in the strong turbulence limit
Creators: name: Verniero, J. L.
name: Howes, G. G.
name: Klein, K. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In space and astrophysical plasmas, turbulence is responsible for transferring energy from large scales driven by violent events or instabilities, to smaller scales where turbulent energy is ultimately converted into plasma heat by dissipative mechanisms. The nonlinear interaction between counterpropagating Alfven waves, denoted Alfven wave collisions, drives this turbulent energy cascade, as recognized by early work with incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. Recent work employing analytical calculations and nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of Alfven wave collisions in an idealized periodic initial state have demonstrated the key properties that strong Alfven wave collisions mediate effectively the transfer of energy to smaller perpendicular scales and self-consistently generate current sheets. For the more realistic case of the collision between two initially separated Alfven wavepackets, we use a nonlinear gyrokinetic simulation to show here that these key properties persist: strong Alfven wavepacket collisions indeed facilitate the perpendicular cascade of energy and give rise to current sheets. Furthermore, the evolution shows that nonlinear interactions occur only while the wavepackets overlap, followed by a clean separation of the wavepackets with straight uniform magnetic fields and the cessation of nonlinear evolution in between collisions, even in the gyrokinetic simulation presented here which resolves dispersive and kinetic effects beyond the reach of the MHD theory.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
Unconventional superconductivity in the BiS$_2$-based layered superconductor NdO$_{0.71}$F$_{0.29}$BiS$_2$
Creators: name: Ota, Yuichi
name: Okazaki, Kozo
name: Yamamoto, Haruyoshi Q.
name: Yamamoto, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Shuntaro
name: Chen, Chuangtian
name: Nagao, Masanori
name: Watauchi, Satoshi
name: Tanaka, Isao
name: Takano, Yoshihiko
name: Shin, Shik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the superconducting-gap anisotropy in one of the recently discovered BiS$_2$-based superconductors, NdO$_{0.71}$F$_{0.29}$BiS$_2$ ($T_c$ $\sim$ 5 K), using laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Whereas the previously discovered high-$T_c$ superconductors such as copper oxides and iron-based superconductors, which are believed to have unconventional superconducting mechanisms, have $3d$ electrons in their conduction bands, the conduction band of BiS$_2$-based superconductors mainly consists of Bi 6$p$ electrons, and hence the conventional superconducting mechanism might be expected. Contrary to this expectation, we observe a strongly anisotropic superconducting gap. This result strongly suggests that the pairing mechanism for NdO$_{0.71}$F$_{0.29}$BiS$_2$ is unconventional one and we attribute the observed anisotropy to competitive or cooperative multiple paring interactions.
X-WACoDa: An XML-based approach for Warehousing and Analyzing Complex Data
Creators: name: Mahboubi, Hadj
name: Ralaivao, Jean-Christian
name: Loudcher, Sabine
name: Boussaïd, Omar
name: Bentayeb, Fadila
name: Darmont, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data warehousing and OLAP applications must nowadays handle complex data that are not only numerical or symbolic. The XML language is well-suited to logically and physically represent complex data. However, its usage induces new theoretical and practical challenges at the modeling, storage and analysis levels, and a new trend toward XML warehousing has been emerging for a couple of years. Unfortunately, no standard XML data warehouse architecture emerges. In this paper, we propose a unified XML warehouse reference model that synthesizes and enhances related work, and fits into a global XML warehousing and analysis approach we have developed. We also present a software platform that is based on this model, as well as a case study that illustrates its usage.
Microbially/CO2-derived CaCO3 cement and its microstructural and mechanical performance
Creators: name: Yu, Xiaoniu
name: Zhang, Qiyong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Compared with the production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with large carbon emissions, biological carbon sequestration to prepare low-carbon cement can effectively decrease carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, which can reduce the greenhouse effect, thereby reducing the frequency and intensity of climate disasters. Carbon-capturing bacteria (CCB) can capture atmospheric CO2 and convert it into bicarbonate ions, which can be combined with calcium ions to form CaCO3 cement that can partially replace OPC for dust control. This study compared the ability of two CCBs (Paenibacillus mucilaginosus and Streptomyces microflavus ) to capture CO2. The biomineralization efficiency of CaCO3 for P. mucilaginosus (39.34%) was much higher than that for S. microflavus (7.38%) in a Ca(NO3)2 solution in the concrete-curing room environment. The decomposition temperature of the CaCO3 crystals in DI was slightly higher than that of P. mucilaginosus and significantly higher than that of S. microflavus. When the spraying time was equal to three, 10% carbide sludge (CS) content was optimal according to the surface hardness (HD) of the consolidation layer of the sand samples. The CaCO3 mineralized by CCBs can be used to consolidate desert sand and dust in practical engineering applications.
Type II String Theory on Calabi-Yau Manifolds with Torsion and Non-Abelian Discrete Gauge Symmetries
Creators: name: Braun, Volker
name: Cvetic, Mirjam
name: Donagi, Ron
name: Poretschkin, Maximilian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide the first explicit example of Type IIB string theory compactification on a globally defined Calabi-Yau threefold with torsion which results in a four-dimensional effective theory with a non-Abelian discrete gauge symmetry. Our example is based on a particular Calabi-Yau manifold, the quotient of a product of three elliptic curves by a fixed point free action of Z_2 x Z_2. Its cohomology contains torsion classes in various degrees. The main technical novelty is in determining the multiplicative structure of the (torsion part of) the cohomology ring, and in particular showing that the cup product of second cohomology torsion elements goes non-trivially to the fourth cohomology. This specifies a non-Abelian, Heisenberg-type discrete symmetry group of the four-dimensional theory.
description: 17 pages
Quantifying articulatory impairments in neurodegenerative motor diseases: A scoping review and meta-analysis of interpretable acoustic features
Creators: name: Rowe, Hannah P.
name: Shellikeri, Sanjana
name: Yunusova, Yana
name: Chenausky, Karen V.
name: Green, Jordan R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Neuroscience
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Neurodegenerative motor diseases (NMDs) have devastating effects on the lives of patients and their loved ones, in part due to the impact of neurologic abnormalities on speech, which significantly limits functional communication. Clinical speech researchers have thus spent decades investigating speech features in populations suffering from NMDs. Features of impaired articulatory function are of particular interest given their detrimental impact on intelligibility, their ability to encode a variety of distinct movement disorders, and their potential as diagnostic indicators of neurodegenerative diseases. The objectives of this scoping review were to identify (1) which components of articulation (i.e. coordination, consistency, speed, precision, and repetition rate) are the most represented in the acoustic literature on NMDs; (2) which acoustic articulatory features demonstrate the most potential for detecting speech motor dysfunction in NMDs; and (3) which articulatory components are the most impaired within each NMD. This review examined literature published between 1976 and 2020. Studies were identified from six electronic databases using predefined key search terms. The first research objective was addressed using a frequency count of studies investigating each articulatory component, while the second and third objectives were addressed using meta-analyses. Findings from 126 studies revealed a considerable emphasis on articulatory precision. Of the 24 features included in the meta-analyses, vowel dispersion/distance and stop gap duration exhibited the largest effects when comparing the NMD population to controls. The meta-analyses also revealed divergent patterns of articulatory performance across disease types, providing evidence of unique profiles of articulatory impairment. This review illustrates the current state of the literature on acoustic articulatory features in NMDs. By highlighting the areas of need within each articulatory component and disease group, this work provides a foundation on which clinical researchers, speech scientists, neurologists, and computer science engineers can develop research questions that will both broaden and deepen the understanding of articulatory impairments in NMDs.
Bioconcrete based on sulfate-reducing bacteria granules: cultivation, mechanical properties, and self-healing performance
Creators: name: Chetty, Kirthi
name: Garbe, Ulf
name: Wang, Zhiyang
name: Zhang, Shuxin
name: McCarthy, Timothy
name: Hai, Faisal
name: Jiang, Guangming
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Using waste-activated sludge as a source for non-axenic sulfate-reducing bacterial (SRB) granules, this study developed an innovative bioconcrete with 1% and 2% SRB granules. The mechanical properties (AS 1012.9 and AS 1012.21) and self-healing performance of bioconcrete was systematically examined. The 28-d compressive strength of bioconcrete samples met the design requirement of 50 MPa and the general limit of 13% for average volume of permeable voids (AVPV). Within 3–4 weeks, both 1% and 2% bioconcrete samples precipitated 300–400 µm of calcite in different water media such as glucose, calcium acetate, tap water, and real wastewater. The SEM analysis revealed that SRB granules survived mortar incorporation and precipitated calcium carbonate in the form of calcite which were further confirmed by EDS and XRD analysis. The tap water healed 1% and 2% bioconcrete samples had water permeabilities 64.2% and 69.9% lower than the control, respectively. The mass loss in 5% sulfuric acid was 3.8% and 3.2% less, respectively, for 1% and 2% bioconcrete specimens with surface calcite deposition after 120 d.
Connecting few-body inelastic decay to many-body correlations: a weakly coupled impurity in a resonant Fermi gas
Creators: name: Laurent, Sébastien
name: Pierce, Matthieu
name: Delehaye, Marion
name: Yefsah, Tarik
name: Chevy, Frédéric
name: Salomon, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study three-body recombination in an ultracold Bose-Fermi mixture. We first show theoretically that, for weak inter-species coupling, the loss rate is proportional to Tan's contact. Second, using a 7 Li/ 6 Li mixture we probe the recombination rate in both the thermal and dual superfluid regimes. We find excellent agreement with our model in the BEC-BCS crossover. At unitarity where the fermion-fermion scattering length diverges, we show that the loss rate is proportional the 4/3 power of the fermionic density. Our results demonstrate that impurity-induced losses can be used as a quantitative probe of many-body correlations.
The Effects of Ram-pressure Stripping and Supernova Winds on the Tidal Stirring of Disky Dwarfs: Enhanced Transformation into Dwarf Spheroidals
Creators: name: Kazantzidis, Stelios
name: Mayer, Lucio
name: Callegari, Simone
name: Dotti, Massimo
name: Moustakas, Leonidas A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A conclusive model for the formation of dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies still remains elusive. Owing to their proximity to the massive spirals Milky Way (MW) and M31, various environmental processes have been invoked to explain their origin. In this context, the tidal stirring model postulates that interactions with MW-sized hosts can transform rotationally supported dwarfs, resembling present-day dwarf irregular (dIrr) galaxies, into systems with the kinematic and structural properties of dSphs. Using N-body+SPH simulations, we investigate the dependence of this transformation mechanism on the gas fraction, fgas, in the disk of the progenitor dwarf. Our numerical experiments incorporate for the first time the combined effects of radiative cooling, ram-pressure stripping, star formation, supernova (SN) winds, and a cosmic UV background. For a given orbit inside the primary galaxy, rotationally supported dwarfs with gas fractions akin to those of observed dIrrs (fgas >= 0.5), demonstrate a substantially enhanced likelihood and efficiency of transformation into dSphs relative to their collisionless (fgas = 0) counterparts. We argue that the combination of ram-pressure stripping and SN winds causes the gas-rich dwarfs to respond more impulsively to tides, augmenting their transformation. When fgas >= 0.5, disky dwarfs on previously unfavorable low-eccentricity or large-pericenter orbits are still able to transform. On the widest orbits, the transformation is incomplete; the dwarfs retain significant rotational support, a relatively flat shape, and some gas, naturally resembling transition-type systems. We conclude that tidal stirring constitutes a prevalent evolutionary mechanism for shaping the structure of dwarf galaxies within the currently favored CDM cosmological paradigm.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters, 8 pages, 2 figures, LaTeX (uses emulateapj.cls)
Specificity of phonological representations in school-age high-functioning ASD children
Creators: name: Zarokanellou, Vasiliki
name: Kotsopoulos, Aggeliki
name: Tafiadis, Dionysios
name: Prentza, Alexandra
name: Kolaitis, Gerasimos
name: Papanikolaou, Katerina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Well-specified phonological representations are important for the development of spoken and written language. This study investigates the types of speech errors and the quality of phonological representations in Greek-speaking school-age children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HF-ASD), as well as the relationship between stored phonological representations and speech output in this sample, according to Stackhouse and Wells’ (1997) model. All participants completed a phonological and a naming test, and a non-word repetition task. A receptive phonological task was administered to a subgroup of HF-ASD and typically developing (TD) participants. According to performance in the phonological test, the HF-ASD children were categorised as ASD with Speech Sound Disorder (SSD) or ASD without SSD. The HF-ASD children made significantly more speech errors and showed significant difficulties in the repetition of non-words and the stored phonological representations compared to the TD group but had the same naming abilities with their TD peers. The ASD children with SSD and without SSD performed alike in the receptive task, indicating that both groups had unspecified phonological representations. These results support the hypothesis of distinct phonological representations for speech input and output and highlight the need of using receptive tasks to evaluate underlying phonological knowledge, a process which could allow clinicians to identify the level of speech breakdown.
Far-infrared metallicity diagnostics: Application to local ultraluminous infrared galaxies
Creators: name: Pereira-Santaella, M.
name: Rigopoulou, D.
name: Farrah, D.
name: Lebouteiller, V.
name: Li, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The abundance of metals in galaxies is a key parameter which permits to distinguish between different galaxy formation and evolution models. Most of the metallicity determinations are based on optical line ratios. However, the optical spectral range is subject to dust extinction and, for high-z objects (z > 3), some of the lines used in optical metallicity diagnostics are shifted to wavelengths not accessible to ground based observatories. For this reason, we explore metallicity diagnostics using far-infrared (IR) line ratios which can provide a suitable alternative in such situations. To investigate these far-IR line ratios, we modeled the emission of a starburst with the photoionization code CLOUDY. The most sensitive far-IR ratios to measure metallicities are the [OIII]52$μ$m and 88$μ$m to [NIII]57$μ$m ratios. We show that this ratio produces robust metallicities in the presence of an AGN and is insensitive to changes in the age of the ionizing stellar. Another metallicity sensitive ratio is the [OIII]88$μ$m/[NII]122$μ$m ratio, although it depends on the ionization parameter. We propose various mid- and far-IR line ratios to break this dependency. Finally, we apply these far-IR diagnostics to a sample of 19 local ultraluminous IR galaxies (ULIRGs) observed with Herschel and Spitzer. We find that the gas-phase metallicity in these local ULIRGs is in the range 0.7 < Z_gas/Z_sun < 1.5, which corresponds to 8.5 < 12 + log (O/H) < 8.9. The inferred metallicities agree well with previous estimates for local ULIRGs and this confirms that they lie below the local mass-metallicity relation.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 25 pages, 19 figures
Knowledge Reuse for Customization: Metamodels in an Open Design Community for 3d Printing
Creators: name: Kyriakou, Harris
name: Nickerson, Jeffrey V
name: Sabnis, Gaurav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Theories of knowledge reuse posit two distinct processes: reuse for replication and reuse for innovation. We identify another distinct process, reuse for customization. Reuse for customization is a process in which designers manipulate the parameters of metamodels to produce models that fulfill their personal needs. We test hypotheses about reuse for customization in Thingiverse, a community of designers that shares files for three-dimensional printing. 3D metamodels are reused more often than the 3D models they generate. The reuse of metamodels is amplified when the metamodels are created by designers with greater community experience. Metamodels make the community's design knowledge available for reuse for customization-or further extension of the metamodels, a kind of reuse for innovation.
Smart Augmentation - Learning an Optimal Data Augmentation Strategy
Creators: name: Lemley, Joseph
name: Bazrafkan, Shabab
name: Corcoran, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A recurring problem faced when training neural networks is that there is typically not enough data to maximize the generalization capability of deep neural networks(DNN). There are many techniques to address this, including data augmentation, dropout, and transfer learning. In this paper, we introduce an additional method which we call Smart Augmentation and we show how to use it to increase the accuracy and reduce overfitting on a target network. Smart Augmentation works by creating a network that learns how to generate augmented data during the training process of a target network in a way that reduces that networks loss. This allows us to learn augmentations that minimize the error of that network. Smart Augmentation has shown the potential to increase accuracy by demonstrably significant measures on all datasets tested. In addition, it has shown potential to achieve similar or improved performance levels with significantly smaller network sizes in a number of tested cases.
Period proliferation in periodic states in cyclically sheared jammed solids
Creators: name: Lavrentovich, Maxim O.
name: Liu, Andrea J.
name: Nagel, Sidney R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Athermal disordered systems can exhibit a remarkable response to an applied oscillatory shear: after a relatively few shearing cycles, the system falls into a configuration that had already been visited in a previous cycle. After this point the system repeats its dynamics periodically despite undergoing many particle rearrangements during each cycle. We study the behavior of orbits as we approach the jamming point in simulations of jammed particles subject to oscillatory shear at fixed pressure and zero temperature. As the pressure is lowered, we find that it becomes more common for the system to find periodic states where it takes multiple cycles before returning to a previously visited state. Thus, there is a proliferation of longer periods as the jamming point is approached.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures