cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Do Most Active Galactic Nuclei Live in High Star Formation Nuclear Cusps?
Creators: name: Mushotzky, Richard F.
name: Shimizu, T. Taro
name: Melendez, Marcio
name: Koss, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present early results of the Herschel PACS (70 and 160 \micron{}) and SPIRE (250, 350, and 500 \micron{}) survey of 313 low redshift ($\rm{z} < 0.05$), ultra-hard X-ray (14--195 keV) selected AGN from the 58 month Swift/BAT catalog. Selection of AGN from ultra-hard X-rays avoids bias from obscuration providing a complete sample of AGN to study the connection between nuclear activity and star formation in host galaxies. With the high angular resolution of PACS, we find that $>$35\%$ and $>$20\%$ of the sources are "point-like" at 70 and 160 \micron{} respectively and many more that have their flux dominated by a point source located at the nucleus. The inferred star formation rates (SFR) of 0.1 - 100 M$_{\sun}$ yr$^{-1}$ using the 70 and 160 \micron{} flux densities as SFR indicators are consistent with those inferred from Spitzer NeII fluxes, but we find that 11.25 \micron{} PAH data give $\sim$3x lower SFR. Using GALFIT to measure the size of the FIR emitting regions, we determined the SFR surface density [M$_{\sun}$ yr$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-2}$] for our sample, finding a significant fraction of these sources exceed the threshold for star formation driven winds (0.1 M$_{\sun}$ yr$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-2}$).
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Higgs Gravitational Interaction, Weak Boson Scattering, and Higgs Inflation in Jordan and Einstein Frames
Creators: name: Ren, Jing
name: Xianyu, Zhong-Zhi
name: He, Hong-Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study gravitational interaction of Higgs boson through the unique dimension-4 operator $ξH^†H R$, with $H$ the Higgs doublet and $R$ the Ricci scalar curvature. We analyze the effect of this dimensionless nonminimal coupling $ξ$ on weak gauge boson scattering in both Jordan and Einstein frames. We explicitly establish the longitudinal-Goldstone boson equivalence theorem with nonzero $ξ$ coupling in both frames, and analyze the unitarity constraints. We study the $ξ$-induced weak boson scattering cross sections at O(1-30)TeV scales, and propose to probe the Higgs-gravity coupling via weak boson scattering experiments at the LHC(14TeV) and the next generation pp colliders (50-100TeV). We further extend our study to Higgs inflation, and quantitatively derive the perturbative unitarity bounds via coupled channel analysis, under large field background at the inflation scale. We analyze the unitarity constraints on the parameter space in both the conventional Higgs inflation and the improved models in light of the recent BICEP2 data.
description: 40pp, JCAP Final Version. Use jcappub.sty, only minor rewordings, references added
title: Improving Depression Screening and Diagnosis in a Diverse Urban University Health Service
Creators: name: Halon, Patricia A.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Background: Twenty percent of the United States (U.S.) adult population is affected by mental illness each year of which depression is the most common cause of disability and suicide. Each year, one in four young adults between the ages of 18 – 25 will experience at least one depressive episode. This demographic propensity for young adults to suffer depression has implications for college campuses where young adults congregate and high rates of depression have been noted. In addition to the impact of depression on health and quality of life, depression has been linked to a decrease in students’ academic performance. Thus from a health perspective as well as its potential impact on academic success, depression is a major health concern on college campuses.

Objectives: The purpose of this quality improvement project is to evaluate whether integrating a brief depression screening tool into an electronic health record (EHR) and providing decision support increases the proportion of students screened and diagnosed for depression.

Participants: Data were drawn from a convenience sample of 130 student patient scheduled visit notes in the Department of General Medicine at a diverse urban University over a 4 year period.

Methods: Using the Plan-Do-Study-Act method of quality improvement, the brief depression screening tool was integrated into the EHR. Evaluation consisted of a pre/post implementation comparison of measures for screening for depressive symptoms and depression diagnosis.

Results: Integration of the PHQ-2 and decision support into the EHR increased the proportion of students: screened for depressive symptoms (7.7%:86.2%); and diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (30%:45.5%).

Conclusions: The integration of a valid and reliable tool to screen and diagnose depression can increase the number of students treated for depression. This has implications for academic success and quality of life.
Topology-driven instabilities: the theory of pattern formation on directed networks
Creators: name: Asllani, Malbor
name: Challenger, Joseph D.
name: Pavone, Francesco Saverio
name: Sacconi, Leonardo
name: Fanelli, Duccio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theory of pattern formation in reaction-diffusion systems is extended to the case of a directed network. Due to the structure of the network Laplacian of the scrutinised system, the dispersion relation has both real and imaginary parts, at variance with the conventional case for a symmetric network. It is found that the homogeneous fixed point can become unstable due to the topology of the network, resulting in a new class of instabilities which cannot be induced on undirected graphs. Results from a linear stability analysis allow the instability region to be analytically traced. Numerical simulations show that the instability can lead to travelling waves, or quasi-stationary patterns, depending on the characteristics of the underlying graph. The results presented here could impact on the diverse range of disciplines where directed networks are found, such as neuroscience, computer networks and traffic systems.
description: Movies are available on request
title: Fluorescent Probes for Molecular Imaging of ROS/RNS Species in Living Systems
Creators: name: Guo, Maolin
name: Wei, Yibin
name: Yang, Weiqi
name: Fu, Xiaofei
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Yan, Bing
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) are highly reactive species which play crucial roles in many fundamental physiological processes including cellular signalling pathways. Over-production of these reactive species by various stimuli leads to cellular oxidative stress which is linked to various disease conditions. Therefore, the development of novel detection methods for ROS and RNS is of great interest and indispensable for monitoring the dynamic changes of ROS and RNS in cells and for elucidating their mechanisms of trafficking and connections to diseases. We have been recently developing various fluorescent sensors which can selectively detect metal ions, ROS or RNS species in live cells or animals. Our turn-on profluorescent sensors are capable of imaging oxidative stress promoted by metal and H2O2 (i.e. the Fenton Reaction conditions) in living cells (Chem Commun 2010); our highly selective and sensitive iron sensors can image the endogenous exchangeable iron pools and their dynamic changes with subcellular resolution in living neuronal cells (ChemBioChem 2012 and unpublished data), and so do our superoxide sensors (ChemBioChem 2012 and unpublished data). Moreover, we have recently developed nitric oxide (NO) sensors for molecular imaging of stimulated NO production in live cells with subcellular resolution as well as novel near infra red (NIR) sensors for NO imaging in live animals.
Quantization and fixed points of non-integrable Weyl theory
Creators: name: Pagani, Carlo
name: Percacci, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a simple but generic model of gravity where Weyl--invariance is realized thanks to the presence of a gauge field for dilatations. We quantize the theory by suitably defining renormalization group flows that describe the integration of successive momentum shells, in such a way that Weyl--invariance is maintained in the flow. When the gauge fields are massless the theory has, in addition to Weyl invariance, an abelian gauge symmetry. According to the definition of the cutoff, the flow can break or preserve this extended symmetry. We discuss the fixed points of these flows.
description: 22 pages
Amplitude da escuta na psicoterapia corporal reichiana
Creators: name: Reichiano, Centro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 520302
subject: Clinical psychology

description: O pensamento funcional reichiano, ao propor a análise do caráter do ponto de vista psíquico e somático, fundou as bases da Psicoterapia Corporal. Considerou o dinamismo relacional entre as dimensões histórica, biológica, social e psicológica como determinantes da estrutura biopsíquica. A escuta psicoterapêutica passou a incluir o corpo como objeto de reflexão, cuja chave de leitura é possível por meio da análise caracterológica e da apreensão sensorial.
title: Mice Deficient in SFRP1 Exhibit Increased Adiposity, Dysregulated Glucose Metabolism
Creators: name: Bassa, Lotfi M.
name: Gauger, Kelly J.
name: Henchey, Elizabeth M.
name: Brown, Melissa
name: Schneider, Sallie S.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: The molecular mechanisms involved in the development of obesity and related complications remain unclear. Wnt signaling plays an important role in preadipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. The expression of a Wnt antagonist, secreted frizzled related protein 1 (SFRP1), is increased in response to initial weight gain, then levels are reduced under conditions of extreme obesity in both humans and animals. Here we report that loss of Sfrp1 exacerbates weight gain and glucose homeostasis in mice in response to diet induced obesity (DIO). Sfrp1-/- mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) exhibited an increase in body mass accompanied by increases in body fat percentage, visceral WAT mass, and adipocyte size. Fasting glucose levels are elevated, glucose clearance is impaired, hepatic gluconeogenesis regulators are aberrantly upregulated, and glucose transporters are repressed in Sfrp1-/- mice fed a HFD. Additionally, we observed increased steatosis in the livers of Sfrp1-/- mice. Our findings demonstrate that the expression of Sfrp1 is a critical factor required for maintaining appropriate cellular signaling in response to the onset of obesity.
Magnetic Ordering at Anomalously High Temperatures in Dy at Extreme Pressures: a New Kondo-Lattice State?
Creators: name: Lim, J.
name: Fabbris, G.
name: Haskel, D.
name: Schilling, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an attempt to destabilize the magnetic state of the heavy lanthanides Dy and Gd, extreme pressures were applied in an electrical resistivity measurement to 157 GPa over the temperature range 5 - 295 K. The magnetic ordering temperature $T_{\text{o}}$ and spin-disorder resistance $R_{sd}$ of Dy, as well as the superconducting pair-breaking effect $ΔT_{c}$ in Y(1 at.\% Dy), are found to track each other in a highly non-monotonic fashion as a function of pressure, all three increasing sharply above 73 GPa, the critical pressure for a 6\% volume collapse in Dy. At 157 GPa $T_{\text{o}}$ is estimated to reach temperatures in the range 370 - 500 K, the highest magnetic ordering temperature of any lanthanide. In contrast, $T_{\text{o}% }(P)$ for Gd shows no such sharp increase to 105 GPa. Taken together, these results suggest that pressures greater than 73 GPa transform Dy from a conventional magnetic lanthanide into a Kondo lattice system with an anomalously high magnetic ordering temperature.
description: 4 figures, replaces arXiv:1404.4256v2
Evaluation
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2020
Subjects: Evaluation and Assessment

description: Teachers of research ethics have a professional obligation as academics and as researchers to aspire to the highest quality of educational programs. As a minimum, it is often necessary to rely on anecdotal reports of best practices; however, the best use of all of our resources will occur only with seeking evidence-based approaches that align pedagogical and curricular goals with measurable outcomes. In short, we should be evaluating the outcomes of our teaching programs.
Scalable and robust quantum computing on qubit arrays with fixed coupling
Creators: name: Le, Nguyen H.
name: Cykiert, Max
name: Ginossar, Eran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme for scalable and robust quantum computing on two-dimensional arrays of qubits with fixed longitudinal coupling. This opens the possibility for bypassing the device complexity associated with tunable couplers required in conventional quantum computing hardware. Our approach is based on driving a subarray of qubits such that the total multi-qubit Hamiltonian can be decomposed into a sum of commuting few-qubit blocks, and then efficient optimization of the unitary evolution within each block. Each driving pulse can implement a target gate on the driven qubits, and at the same time implement identity gates on the neighbouring undriven qubits, cancelling any unwanted evolution due to the constant qubit-qubit interaction. We show that it is possible to realise a universal set of quantum gates with high fidelity on the basis blocks, and by shifting the driving pattern one can realise an arbitrary quantum circuit on the array. Allowing for imperfect Hamiltonian characterisation, we use robust optimal control to obtain fidelities around 99.99% despite 1% uncertainty in the qubit-qubit and drive-qubit couplings, and a detuning uncertainty at 0.1% of the qubit-qubit coupling strength. This robust feature is crucial for scaling up as parameter uncertainty is significant in large devices.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
title: An In Vitro Model of the Horse Gut Microbiome Enables Identification of Lactate-Utilizing Bacteria That Differentially Respond to Starch Induction
Creators: name: Biddle, Amy S.
name: Black, Samuel J.
name: Blanchard, Jeffrey L.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Laminitis is a chronic, crippling disease triggered by the sudden influx of dietary starch. Starch reaches the hindgut resulting in enrichment of lactic acid bacteria, lactate accumulation, and acidification of the gut contents. Bacterial products enter the bloodstream and precipitate systemic inflammation. Hindgut lactate levels are normally low because specific bacterial groups convert lactate to short chain fatty acids. Why this mechanism fails when lactate levels rapidly rise, and why some hindgut communities can recover is unknown. Fecal samples from three adult horses eating identical diets provided bacterial communities for this in vitro study. Triplicate microcosms of fecal slurries were enriched with lactate and/or starch. Metabolic products (short chain fatty acids, headspace gases, and hydrogen sulfide) were measured and microbial community compositions determined using Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing over 12-hour intervals. We report that patterns of change in short chain fatty acid levels and pH in our in vitro system are similar to those seen in in vivo laminitis induction models. Community differences between microcosms with disparate abilities to clear excess lactate suggest profiles conferring resistance of starch-induction conditions. Where lactate levels recover following starch induction conditions, propionate and acetate levels rise correspondingly and taxa related to Megasphaera elsdenii reach levels exceeding 70% relative abundance. In lactate and control cultures, taxa related to Veillonella montpellierensis are enriched as lactate levels fall. Understanding the microbial dynamics underlying lactic acidosis and laminitis will lead to better informed models of health and the development of a probiotic treatment to prevent acidosis.
Global Numerical Constraints on Trees
Creators: name: Bárcenas, Everardo
name: Lavalle, Jesús
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a logical foundation to reason on tree structures with constraints on the number of node occurrences. Related formalisms are limited to express occurrence constraints on particular tree regions, as for instance the children of a given node. By contrast, the logic introduced in the present work can concisely express numerical bounds on any region, descendants or ancestors for instance. We prove that the logic is decidable in single exponential time even if the numerical constraints are in binary form. We also illustrate the usage of the logic in the description of numerical constraints on multi-directional path queries on XML documents. Furthermore, numerical restrictions on regular languages (XML schemas) can also be concisely described by the logic. This implies a characterization of decidable counting extensions of XPath queries and XML schemas. Moreover, as the logic is closed under negation, it can thus be used as an optimal reasoning framework for testing emptiness, containment and equivalence.
title: Functional Response to Pain and its Treatment in Knee Osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Boyer, Katherine A.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common sources of musculoskeletal pain. It is generally accepted that in response to a painful stimulus there will be a modification in movement to reduce or avoid this pain. There are very few studies looking at the potential for pain treatment to change movement mechanics in OA. Yet this information is important as the functional response to OA pain treatment can alter the mechanical environment of the joint and thus may impact the efficacy of treatment. Our recent work has shown a sensitivity of joint loading measures to repeated pain treatment washouts and to the mechanism of action of the pain treatment. However, there remains a paucity of information relating kinematic coordination and variability of movement to pain modifications. A single-blind washout, double-blind treatment, double-dummy cross-over pilot study using placebo, Oxycodone and Celecoxib was used to test the hypothesis primary and secondary movements of the knee are significantly different for the two active drug treatments compared to a double blind placebo treatment. Walking kinematics data were collected at self-selected normal pace at the beginning of each arm of the cross-over study design. Significant differences between Placebo and Celecoxib arms were found for the mean internal-external knee rotation angle(p<0.05) while changes in flexion and anterior-posterior translation did not reach significance. In a post-hoc analysis the change in knee internal-external rotation was correlated with the change in internal-external rotation (r2=0.33) and total reaction moments (r2=0.66). There were no differences in walking speed or step-length for any treatment. The differential kinematic response to the treatment arms suggests a potential difference in the impact of these drugs on ambulation and the motor system response to the mechanism of action of pain treatment.
title: Topical Anti-TNF-α Antibody Enhances Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice
Creators: name: Broderick, Genevieve
name: Strom, Heather M.
name: Ignotz, Ronald A.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Chronic wounds such as venous leg ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers represent a significant health problem for which current treatment options are limited and not highly effective. These wounds have major impacts on the quality of life for affected individuals, frequently lead to amputation, and cost many thousands of dollars per year to treat. Assessment of wound fluid from such wounds indicates greatly elevated and persistently high levels of inflammatory cytokines, in particular Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α). As such, these wounds are not in a physiologic state conducive to healing. Our study in diabetic mice (db/db) suggests that topical application of antibodies capable of neutralizing TNF-α can enhance cutaneous wound healing.Full-thickness wounds 8 mm in diameter were created on the backs of db/db diabetic mice and wild type mice. After 24 hours, the wounds were treated topically with vehicle alone, vehicle + control antibody or vehicle + anti-TNF-α antibody. Wound healing was followed for up to 21 days with reapplication of the appropriate treatments every 2-3 days. Compared to wild type mice, untreated db/db mice exhibited an approximate 4 day delay in wound healing. When wounds on diabetic mice were treated topically with a TNF-α neutralizing antibody, this delay was shortened by about 1 day or 25%. The improvement in healing was confirmed by histologic analysis of the wound areas after euthanasia of the mice.This data suggests that topical treatment of diabetic wounds with antibodies that neutralize TNF-α may be a viable approach to promote healing of these difficult to heal wounds.
Separable Spaces of Continuous Functions as Calkin Algebras
Creators: name: Motakis, Pavlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46B07, 46B25, 46B28, 46J10

description: It is proved that for every compact metric space $K$ there exists a Banach space $X$ whose Calkin algebra $\mathcal{L}(X)/\mathcal{K}(X)$ is homomorphically isometric to $C(K)$. This is achieved by appropriately modifying the Bourgain-Delbaen $\mathscr{L}_\infty$-space of Argyros and Haydon in such a manner that sufficiently many diagonal operators on this space are bounded.
description: 42 pages
Values and Policy in Interdisciplinary Environmental Science: A Dialogue-based Framework for Ethics Education
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2018
Subjects: Collaboration
Environmental Justice
Interdisciplinary Research
Public and Community Engagement
Research and Practice
Risk
Sustainability

description: The "Values and Responsibility in Interdisciplinary Environmental Science" curriculum (http://eese.msu.edu/) is a modular resource designed to be implemented by environmental science instructors who have no ethics training for the purpose of guiding students through an analytic examination of the values and policy dimensions of their environmental science context. With the support of the NSF (SBE-1338614, MSU; SBE-1338626, Oregon State University) and with guidance from a national survey of environmental science instructors (Hall, Troy E., et al. 2016), this dialogue-based curriculum enables students to reflect on values, policy, and responsibility in a way that is informed by case study work and appreciation for different disciplinary perspectives. At the heart of this curriculum is the Toolbox dialogue methodology " students are given the opportunity to develop their own dialogue structures via reflection on topics with ethical implications, e.g., expertise, risk, policy constraints, and non-human impacts.
Multi-magnon quantum many-body scars from tensor operators
Creators: name: Tang, Long-Hin
name: O'Dea, Nicholas
name: Chandran, Anushya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a family of three-body spin-1/2 Hamiltonians with a super-extensive set of infinitely long-lived multi-magnon states. A magnon in each such state carries either quasi-momentum zero or fixed $p_0\neq$ 0, and energy $Ω$ . These multi-magnon states provide an archetypal example of quantum many-body scars: they are eigenstates at finite energy density that violate the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, and lead to persistent oscillations in local observables in certain quench experiments. On the technical side, we demonstrate the systematic derivation of scarred Hamiltonians that satisfy a restricted spectrum generating algebra using an operator basis built out of irreducible tensor operators. This operator basis can be constructed for any spin, spatial dimension or continuous non-Abelian symmetry that generates the scarred subspace.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures. The current version has an expanded discussion about the spherical tensor basis
title: Multiscale Entropy Identifies Postural Control Changes in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis
Creators: name: Busa, Michael A.
name: Jones, Stephanie
name: van Emmerik, Richard
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic auto-immune disorder characterized by demyelination of neurons of the central nervous system. MS-related reductions in neural activity have been associated with reductions in balance control and limitations in mobility. Multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis has been used to identify reductions in complexity of the postural control system in various disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine if center-of-pressure fluctuations, analyzed through MSE, differ between persons with MS and healthy controls. We hypothesized that MSE would be reduced in MS compared to controls in all postural tasks in both anterior-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) directions. Eight persons with MS (7 female, 1 male) and matched controls completed the testing procedures. The MS subjects had minimal functional impairment (Patient Determined Disease Steps, range 0-3). Quiet standing and fixed distance forward and backward reaches were assessed for 30 s. MSE was computed across 30 time scales (range .01-.25s). Effect size (ES) statistics were used to assess differences between MS and control groups. Quiet standing revealed moderate reductions in complexity among persons with MS compared to controls in the AP direction (ES = .71). The backward reach demonstrated moderate and strong reductions in complexity in the AP and ML direction in the MS group (ES = .74 and 1.0, respectively). Moderate reductions in ML complexity were also observed in the forward reach condition in the MS group (ES = .68). These results support the hypothesis that persons with MS display lower postural complexity compared to those without MS. MSE analysis is a promising new tool for detecting MS-related changes in postural complexity. These changes in postural complexity appear to precede locomotor impairment, as assessed by the patient determined disease steps, and may provide novel insight into MS progression.
The Effect of Metallicity-Dependent T-tau Relations on Calibrated Stellar Models
Creators: name: Tanner, Joel D.
name: Basu, Sarbani
name: Demarque, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mixing length theory is the predominant treatment of convection in stellar models today. Usually described by a single free parameter, alpha, the common practice is to calibrate it using the properties of the Sun, and apply it to all other stellar models as well. Asteroseismic data from Kepler and CoRoT provide precise properties of other stars which can be used to determine alpha as well, and a recent study of stars in the Kepler field of view found alpha to vary with metallicity. Interpreting alpha obtained from calibrated stellar models, however, is complicated by the fact that the value for alpha depends on the surface boundary condition of the stellar model, or T-tau relation. Calibrated models that use typical T-tau relations, which are static and insensitive to chemical composition, do not include the complete effect of metallicity on alpha. We use 3D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations to extract metallicity-dependent T-tau relations and use them in calibrated stellar models. We find the previously reported alpha-metallicity trend to be robust, and not significantly affected by the surface boundary condition of the stellar models.
Deciphering Solar Magnetic Activity I: On The Relationship Between The Sunspot Cycle And The Evolution Of Small Magnetic Features
Creators: name: McIntosh, Scott W.
name: Wang, Xin
name: Leamon, Robert J.
name: Howe, Rachel
name: Krista, Larisza D.
name: Malanushenko, Anna V.
name: Cirtain, Jonathan W.
name: Gurman, Joseph B.
name: Thompson, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sunspots are a canonical marker of the Sun's internal magnetic field which flips polarity every ~22-years. The principal variation of sunspots, an ~11-year variation in number, modulates the amount of magnetic field that pierces the solar surface and drives significant variations in our Star's radiative, particulate and eruptive output over that period. This paper presents observations from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory and Solar Dynamics Observatory indicating that the 11-year sunspot variation is intrinsically tied it to the spatio-temporal overlap of the activity bands belonging to the 22-year magnetic activity cycle. Using a systematic analysis of ubiquitous coronal brightpoints, and the magnetic scale on which they appear to form, we show that the landmarks of sunspot cycle 23 can be explained by considering the evolution and interaction of the overlapping activity bands of the longer scale variability.
description: 26 pages
On the Dynamical Instability of Monatomic Fluid Spheres in (N+1)-Dimensional Spacetime
Creators: name: Feng, Wei-Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note, I derive the Chandrasekhar instability of a fluid sphere in ($N$+1)-dimensional Schwarzschild-Tangherlini spacetime and take the homogeneous (uniform energy density) solution for illustration. Qualitatively, the effect of positive (negative) cosmological constant tends to destabilize (stabilize) the sphere. In the absence of cosmological constant, the privileged position of (3+1)-dimensional spacetime is manifest in its own right. As it is the marginal dimensionality in which a monatomic ideal fluid sphere is stable but not too stable to trigger the onset of gravitational collapse. Furthermore, it is the unique dimensionality that can accommodate stable hydrostatic equilibrium with positive cosmological constant. However, given the current cosmological constant observed no stable configuration can be larger than $10^{21}~{\rm M}_\odot$. On the other hand, in (2+1) dimensions it is too stable either in the context of Newtonian Gravity (NG) or Einstein's General Relativity (GR). In GR, the role of negative cosmological constant is crucial not only to guarantee fluid equilibrium (decreasing monotonicity of pressure) but also to have the Ba{ñ}ados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) solution. Owing to the negativeness of the cosmological constant, there is no unstable configuration for a homogeneous fluid disk with mass $0<\mathcal{M}\leq0.5$ to collapse into a naked singularity, which supports the Cosmic Censorship Conjecture. However, the relativistic instability can be triggered for a homogeneous disk with mass $0.5<\mathcal{M}\lesssim0.518$ under causal limit, which implies that BTZ holes of mass $\mathcal{M}_{\rm BTZ}>0$ could emerge from collapsing fluid disks under proper conditions. The implicit assumptions and implications are also discussed.
description: 28 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables. Typos corrected; version accepted for publication in the Special Issue of Astronomy: Feature Papers in the Astronomical Sciences
title: Is African-American Girls’ Perception of their Mother-Daughter Relationship Associated to Psychosocial and Physical Activity Variables?
Creators: name: Burkart, Sarah
name: Winner, Brett
name: Greever, Cory
name: Alhassan, Sofiya
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Maternal influence has been reported to play a significant role in the health behaviors of children. In Caucasian girls, it has been reported that mother-daughter relationship can influence psychosocial variables such as physical activity (PA) self-efficacy. Currently, there is very little data on the impact of African-American girls’ perception of their relationship with their mother and psychosocial variables. PURPOSE: To examine the association between mother-daughter relationship, PA self-efficacy (PA-SE) and PA levels in African-American girls. METHODS: Baseline data from mothers (n=28; age=37.0±6.7 years; BMI=33.5±10.6 kg/m2) and daughters (n=32; age=9.0±1.2 years; BMI=20.4±5.7 kg/m2, 90th percentile) participating in an afterschool mother-daughter PA study was used in this analysis. PA was measured for 7 continuous days using accelerometers. Parental Responsiveness (PR) and Adolescent Openness to Parental Socialization scales were used to assess mother-daughter relationship. Daughters’ self-esteem and depressive symptoms were assessed with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem (RSE) scale and the Child Depression Inventory (CDI), respectively. Participants’ PA-SE was assessed with validated questionnaires. Spearman correlations were used to examine associations between mother-daughter relationship, psychosocial variables, and PA levels. Daughters’ scores for the PR scale were divided into tertiles. Between group (high versus low perception of mother-daughter relationship) differences in psychosocial variables and PA were assessed with t-tests. RESULTS: Daughters’ perception of their mother-daughter relationship was positively correlated with RSE (r=0.36, p=0.04). Daughters’ percent time spent in MVPA was negatively correlated with CDI (r=-0.42, p=0.03) and positively correlated with mothers’ PA-SE (r=0.44, p=0.04). With respect to daughters’ PR scale, significant differences in RSE score (HIGH=23.82±4.33; LOW=18.20±4.87, p=0.01) and percent time spent in sedentary activity (HIGH=27.83±32.31; LOW=57.41±20.93, p=0.02) were observed between tertiles. CONCLUSION: African-American girls’ perception of their relationship with their mother seems to be associated with self-esteem, depressive symptoms and sedentary pursuits. Future studies should target interventions that improve mother-daughter relationship.
title: Helping Children Through Evidence-based Trauma Treatments, Initial Findings from the Massachusetts Child Trauma Project (MCTP)
Creators: name: Caty, Rachel
name: Lo, Charmaine B.
name: Wenz-Gross, Melodie
name: Wentworth, Robert
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Background-The Massachusetts Child Trauma Project (MCTP) is a statewide collaboration to implement improvements to the Massachusetts child welfare system in order to increase access to trauma services for children within the system. Purpose-This analysis compares PTSD symptoms and other behavioral and functional impairments at baseline and at 6-month follow-up/discharge among children enrolled in MCTP.

Methods-The 166 clinicians trained in MCTP were required to enroll 2-3 children in the care of DCF into the evaluation process. Descriptive statistics were performed on the 300 children enrolled at baseline, as of Fall 2013. Paired t-tests were performed on the 73 children who had follow-up data to assess longitudinal differences in symptoms, behaviors, impairments, and functioning.

Results-The baseline results indicate that children enrolled in MCTP present with clinical levels of symptoms of PTSD and behavioral/functional impairment. There were statistically significant decreases in PTSD severity (p=0.005), according to the UCLA PTSD Index Child/Adolescent Version. Additionally, internalizing behaviors, such as anxiety and/or depression, decreased (p=0.05), as assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist. However, the UCLA PTSD Index Parent Version and the externalizing measure of the Child Behavior Checklist showed symptom reduction, but were not statistically significant. Clinician reported progress, ascertained by the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths (CANS), showed mixed findings.

Conclusion-While there was no comparison group, these results suggest that the trauma treatments provided by MCTP trained mental health providers is reducing symptamotolgy and improving functioning among children in DCF care who experienced trauma. Baseline findings indicate that most children present with symptoms in the clinical range of PTSD and other trauma-related impairments, while longitudinal results show that these children are experiencing symptom reduction, and improved functioning, suggesting that the trainings that MCTP has provided have been effective.
Frequentist confidence intervals for orbits
Creators: name: Lucy, L. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of efficiently computing the orbital elements of a visual binary while still deriving confidence intervals with frequentist properties is treated. When formulated in terms of the Thiele-Innes elements, the known distribution of probability in Thiele-Innes space allows efficient grid-search plus Monte-Carlo-sampling schemes to be constructed for both the minimum-$\!χ^{2}$ and Bayesian approaches to parameter estimation. Numerical experiments with $10^{4}$ independent realizations of an observed orbit confirm that the $1-$ and $2σ$ confidence and credibility intervals have coverage fractions close to their frequentist values. \keywords{binaries: visual - stars: fundamental parameters - methods:statistical}
description: 7 pages, 2 figures. Minor changes. Accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics
Optimal index insurance and basis risk decomposition: an application to Kenya
Creators: name: Stigler, Matthieu
name: Lobell, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Index insurance is a promising tool to reduce the risk faced by farmers, but high basis risk, which arises from imperfect correlation between the index and individual farm yields, has limited its adoption to date. Basis risk arises from two fundamental sources: the intrinsic heterogeneity within an insurance zone (zonal risk), and the lack of predictive accuracy of the index (design risk). Whereas previous work has focused almost exclusively on design risk, a theoretical and empirical understanding of the role of zonal risk is still lacking. Here we investigate the relative roles of zonal and design risk, using the case of maize yields in Kenya. Our first contribution is to derive a formal decomposition of basis risk, providing a simple upper bound on the insurable basis risk that any index can reach within a given zone. Our second contribution is to provide the first large-scale empirical analysis of the extent of zonal versus design risk. To do so, we use satellite estimates of yields at 10m resolution across Kenya, and investigate the effect of using smaller zones versus using different indices. Our results show a strong local heterogeneity in yields, underscoring the challenge of implementing index insurance in smallholder systems, and the potential benefits of low-cost yield measurement approaches that can enable more local definitions of insurance zones.
description: Forthcoming in American Journal of Agricultural Economics
Noncommutative Static Strings from Matrix Models
Creators: name: Stern, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the noncommutative cylinder solution to a matrix model with a Minkowski background metric. It can be regarded as the noncommutative analogue of a static circular string. Perturbations about the solution yield a tachyonic scalar field (and an additional tachyonic fermion in the full supersymmetric version of the model) in the commutative limit. The tachyonic mode is attributed to the fact that the circular string is unstable under uniform adiabatic deformations. We obtain a stabilizing term which when added to the matrix model removes the tachyonic mass.
description: 17 pages; typos corrected and other minor changes
title: Targeted Mutagenesis of a Therapeutic Human Monoclonal IgG1 Antibody Prevents Gelation at High Concentrations
Creators: name: Casaz, Paul
name: Boucher, Elisabeth N.
name: Wollacott, Rachel
name: Ozturk, Sadettin S.
name: Thomas Jr., William D.
name: Wang, Yan
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: A common challenge encountered during development of high concentration monoclonal antibody formulations is preventing self-association. Depending on the antibody and its formulation, self-association can be seen as aggregation, precipitation, opalescence or phase separation. Here we report on an unusual manifestation of self-association, formation of a semi-solid gel or “gelation”. Therapeutic monoclonal antibody C4 was isolated from human B cells based on its strong potency in neutralizing bacterial toxin in animal models. The purified antibody possessed the unusual property of forming a firm, opaque white gel when it was formulated at concentrations >40 mg/mL and the temperature was <6oC. Gel formation was reversible and was affected by salt concentration or pH, suggesting a charge interaction between IgG monomers. However, formulation optimization could not completely prevent gelation at high concentrations so a protein engineering approach was sought to resolve the problem. A comparison of the heavy and light chain amino acid sequences to consensus germline sequences revealed 16 amino acid sequence differences in the framework regions that could be involved with gelation. Restoring the C4 framework sequence to consensus germline residues by targeted mutagenesis resulted in no gel formation at 50 mg/ml at temperatures as low as 0oC. Additional genetic analysis was used to identify the key residue(s) involved in the gelation. A single substitution in the native antibody, replacing heavy chain glutamate 23 with lysine, was found sufficient to prevent gelation, while a double mutation, replacing heavy chain serine 85 and threonine 87 with arginine, increased the temperature at which gel formation initiated. These results indicate that the temperature dependence of gelation may be related to conformational changes near the charged residues or the regions interact with. Our work provided a molecular strategy that can be applied to improve the solubility of other therapeutic antibodies.
A Universal Bound on Excitations of Heavy Fields during Inflation
Creators: name: Battefeld, Thorsten
name: Freitas, R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a universal bound on any excitation of heavy fields during inflation: the ratio of the heavy field's energy density to the one driving inflation must be less than the maximally allowed relative amplitude of oscillations in the power-spectrum (less than one percent according to PLANCK). This bound can be traced back to the sudden change of the equation of state parameter across the excitation event. We employ a sudden transition approximation at the perturbed level, which has been used before in different settings; we check its validity by comparison to the full multi-field result in a concrete case study involving a sudden mass change of an inflaton.
description: 31 pages, 9 figures; v2: reference added, minor typos corrected, conclusions unchanged
title: A pH Stable Turn-on Fluorescent Sensor for Imaging Labile Fe3+ in Living Cells
Creators: name: Alhawsah, Bayan
name: Aydin, Ziya
name: Yang, Bing
name: Guo, Maolin
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Fluorescent sensors has received considerable interest in recent years because of its ability to provide visualized monitoring of very low concentrations together with the advantages of spatial and temporal resolution. Over the past two decades, several fluorescent sensors for iron (III) have been reported. However, the currently known fluorescent sensors that are capable of cellular iron imaging are largely limited to “turn-off” type, providing useful information but suffering from poor sensitivity, or interference from other metal ions. We have been developing rhodamine based turn-on fluorescent sensors. Here we report a new iron (III) sensor , Rh-PK, which is stable in low pH's and is capable of detecting basal level Fe+3 in the human live cells at subcellular resolution.
Joint Learning of Localized Representations from Medical Images and Reports
Creators: name: Müller, Philip
name: Kaissis, Georgios
name: Zou, Congyu
name: Rueckert, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Contrastive learning has proven effective for pre-training image models on unlabeled data with promising results for tasks such as medical image classification. Using paired text (like radiological reports) during pre-training improves the results even further. Still, most existing methods target image classification downstream tasks and may not be optimal for localized tasks like semantic segmentation or object detection. We therefore propose Localized representation learning from Vision and Text (LoVT), to our best knowledge, the first text-supervised pre-training method that targets localized medical imaging tasks. Our method combines instance-level image-report contrastive learning with local contrastive learning on image region and report sentence representations. We evaluate LoVT and commonly used pre-training methods on an evaluation framework of 18 localized tasks on chest X-rays from five public datasets. LoVT performs best on 10 of the 18 studied tasks making it the preferred method of choice for localized tasks.
description: Accepted at ECCV 2022
Rachel Carson - Silent Spring
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Justice
Communicating Science and Engineering
Sustainability

description: During the seventeen years she worked in the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Rachel Carson learned about the problems of pesticides. Undaunted by the chemical companies' hostility and by the public's high enthusiasm for pesticides, she wrote a book called Silent Spring, which caused a major shift in public consciousness about the environment. Told in 7 sections and includes supplementary materials and pictures.