cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Amplitude variability and multiple frequencies in 44 Tau: 2000 - 2006
Creators: name: Breger, M.
name: Lenz, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study has three principal aims: (i) to increase the number of detected pulsation modes of 44 Tau, especially outside the previously known frequency ranges, (ii) to study the amplitude variability and its systematics, and (iii) to examine the combination frequencies. During the 2004/5 and 2005/6 observing seasons, high-precision photometry was obtained with the Vienna Automatic Photoelectric Telescope in Arizona during 52 nights. Together with previous campaigns, a data base from 2000 to 2006 was available for multifrequency analyses. Forty-nine pulsation frequencies are detected, of which 15 are independent pulsation modes and 34 combination frequencies or harmonics. The newly found gravity mode at 5.30 c/d extends the known frequency range of instability. Strong amplitude variability from year to year is found for the \ell = 1 modes, while the two radial modes have essentially constant amplitudes. Possible origins of the amplitude variability of the \ell = 1 modes, such as precession of the pulsation axis, beating and resonance effects are considered. The amplitudes of the combination frequencies, f_i + f_j, mirror the variations in the parent modes. The combination parameter, which relates the amplitudes of the combination frequencies to those of the parent modes, is found to be different for different parents.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in A&A
Construct 3D Hand Skeleton with Commercial WiFi
Creators: name: Ji, Sijie
name: Zhang, Xuanye
name: Zheng, Yuanqing
name: Li, Mo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents HandFi, which constructs hand skeletons with practical WiFi devices. Unlike previous WiFi hand sensing systems that primarily employ predefined gestures for pattern matching, by constructing the hand skeleton, HandFi can enable a variety of downstream WiFi-based hand sensing applications in gaming, healthcare, and smart homes. Deriving the skeleton from WiFi signals is challenging, especially because the palm is a dominant reflector compared with fingers. HandFi develops a novel multi-task learning neural network with a series of customized loss functions to capture the low-level hand information from WiFi signals. During offline training, HandFi takes raw WiFi signals as input and uses the leap motion to provide supervision. During online use, only with commercial WiFi, HandFi is capable of producing 2D hand masks as well as 3D hand poses. We demonstrate that HandFi can serve as a foundation model to enable developers to build various applications such as finger tracking and sign language recognition, and outperform existing WiFi-based solutions. Artifacts can be found: https://github.com/SIJIEJI/HandFi
Universal dependence on disorder of 2D randomly diluted and random-bond +-J Ising models
Creators: name: Hasenbusch, M.
name: Toldin, F. Parisen
name: Pelissetto, A.
name: Vicari, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the two-dimensional randomly site diluted Ising model and the random-bond +-J Ising model (also called Edwards-Anderson model), and study their critical behavior at the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition. The critical behavior of thermodynamic quantities can be derived from a set of renormalization-group equations, in which disorder is a marginally irrelevant perturbation at the two-dimensional Ising fixed point. We discuss their solutions, focusing in particular on the universality of the logarithmic corrections arising from the presence of disorder. Then, we present a finite-size scaling analysis of high-statistics Monte Carlo simulations. The numerical results confirm the renormalization-group predictions, and in particular the universality of the logarithmic corrections to the Ising behavior due to quenched dilution.
description: 30 pages
How to find neutral leptons of the nuMSM?
Creators: name: Gorbunov, Dmitry
name: Shaposhnikov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An extension of the Standard Model by three singlet fermions with masses smaller than the electroweak scale allows to explain simultaneously neutrino oscillations, dark matter and baryon asymmetry of the Universe. We discuss the properties of neutral leptons in this model and the ways they can be searched for in particle physics experiments. We establish, in particular, a lower and an upper bound on the strength of interaction of neutral leptons coming from cosmological considerations and from the data on neutrino oscillations. We analyse the production of neutral leptons in the decays of different mesons and in $pp$ collisions. We study in detail decays of neutral leptons and establish a lower bound on their mass coming from existing experimental data and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. We argue that the search for a specific missing energy signal in kaon decays would allow to strengthen considerably the bounds on neutral fermion couplings and to find or definitely exclude them below the kaon threshold. To enter into cosmologically interesting parameter range for masses above kaon mass the dedicated searches similar to CERN PS191 experiment would be needed with the use of intensive proton beams. We argue that the use of CNGS, NuMI, T2K or NuTeV beams could allow to search for singlet leptons below charm in a large portion of the parameter space of the nuMSM. The search of singlet fermions in the mass interval 2-5 GeV would require a considerable increase of the intensity of proton accelerators or the detailed analysis of kinematics of more than 10^{10} B-meson decays.
description: 45 pages, 17 figures; v2: references added, journal version
Characterisation of a silicon photomultiplier device for applications in liquid argon based neutrino physics and dark matter searches
Creators: name: Lightfoot, P. K.
name: Barker, G. J.
name: Mavrokoridis, K.
name: Ramachers, Y. A.
name: Spooner, N. J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The performance of a silicon photomultiplier has been assessed at low temperature in order to evaluate its suitability as a scintillation readout device in liquid argon particle physics detectors. The gain, measured as 2.1E6 for a constant over-voltage of 4V was measured between 25degC and -196degC and found to be invariant with temperature, the corresponding single photoelectron dark count rate reducing from 1MHz to 40Hz respectively. Following multiple thermal cycles no deterioration in the device performance was observed. The photon detection efficiency (PDE) was assessed as a function of photon wavelength and temperature. For an over-voltage of 4V, the PDE, found again to be invariant with temperature, was measured as 25% for 460nm photons and 11% for 680nm photons. Device saturation due to high photon flux rate, observed both at room temperature and -196degC, was again found to be independent of temperature. Although the output signal remained proportional to the input signal so long as the saturation limit was not exceeded, the photoelectron pulse resolution and decay time increased slightly at -196degC.
description: 20pages 16figures 1table
Null-result test for effect on weight from large electrostatic charge
Creators: name: Hathaway, G.
name: Williams, L. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report test results searching for an effect of electrostatic charge on weight. For conducting test objects of mass of order 1 kilogram, we found no effect on weight, for potentials ranging from 10 V to 200 kV, corresponding to charge states ranging from $10^{-9}$ to over $10^{-5}$ coulombs, and for both polarities, to within a measurement precision of 2 grams. While such a result may not be unexpected, this is the first unipolar, high-voltage, meter-scale, static test for electro-gravitic effects reported in the literature. Our investigation was motivated by the search for possible coupling to a long-range scalar field that could surround the planet, yet go otherwise undetected. The large buoyancy force predicted within the classical Kaluza theory involving a long-range scalar field is falsified by our results, and this appears to be the first such experimental test of the classical Kaluza theory in the weak field regime where it was otherwise thought identical with known physics. A parameterization is suggested to organize the variety of electro-gravitic experiment designs.
Astrophysics in 2006
Creators: name: Trimble, Virginia
name: Aschwanden, Markus J.
name: Hansen, Carl J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fastest pulsar and the slowest nova; the oldest galaxies and the youngest stars; the weirdest life forms and the commonest dwarfs; the highest energy particles and the lowest energy photons. These were some of the extremes of Astrophysics 2006. We attempt also to bring you updates on things of which there is currently only one (habitable planets, the Sun, and the universe) and others of which there are always many, like meteors and molecules, black holes and binaries.
description: 244 pages, no figures
Nilpotent Fuzz
Creators: name: Frydryszak, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a construction of the formalism where fundamental variables are nilpotent, but in contrast to the supermathematics, commutative. This gives another possibility to realize classically the Pauli exclusion principle. We sketch the relevant formalism and discuss simple model of the nilpotent oscillator to illustrate the generalized nilpotent mechanics.
description: 10 pages, no figures, talk given at the XVIth International Colloquium on Integrable Systems and Quantum symmetries (ISQS-16), Prague 2007. New references added. Properties of the first order nilpotent curves given
Produzione e commercio della lana nel Regno di Napoli nel XVII secolo
Creators: name: Rossi, Roberto
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2006

description: La lana ha rappresentato il volano dello sviluppo economico europeo  per tutta l’età moderna, contribuendo al salto verso un’economia capitalistica di paesi quali l’Inghilterra e l’Olanda. Sin dal tardo medioevo un enorme flusso di materia prima ha alimentato un proficuo commercio dai paesi produttori quali la Spagna, l’Inghilterra ed il Regno di Napoli verso gli opifici dell’Europa centrale e, soprattutto, dell’Italia settentrionale. In questo contesto, si inserisce la produzione del Regno di Napoli – uno dei maggiori produttori europei - durante un secolo cruciale, quale il Seicento. Utilizzando l’originale documentazione conservata presso l’Archivio della Dogana di Foggia (la speciale magistratura costituita dai sovrani aragonesi per sovrintendere alla transumanza delle pecore abruzzesi verso il Tavoliere pugliese e regolare l’intera “economia pastorale”), la ricerca ha ricostruito i flusso di lana prodotta nel XVII secolo, l’origine sociale e geografica dei produttori e la distribuzione della ricchezza generata dalla produzione laniera. In una seconda fase, il lavoro ha approfondito l’origine e le caratteristiche economiche degli acquirenti, verificando il peso degli intermediari nazionali e di quelli internazionali. Il lavoro di tesi ha, infine, ricostruito il ciclo economico della lana “a cavallo” del secolo esaminato, confrontando prezzi e volumi prodotti.
Additional file 2 of A model six-month workshop for developing systematic review protocols at teaching hospitals: action research and scholarly productivity
Creators: name: Tsujimoto, Hiraku
name: Kataoka, Yuki
name: Yukihito Sato
name: Banno, Masahiro
name: Tsujino-Tsujimoto, Emi
name: Yukiyoshi Sumi
name: Sada, Ryuichi
name: Fujiwara, Takashi
name: Ohtake, Yoichi
name: Kumasawa, Junji
name: Imura, Haruki
name: Matsuda, Yoshinobu
name: Ryuhei So
name: Kagawa, Tomoko
name: Yoshioka, Takashi
name: Uneno, Yu
name: Nagano, Hiroyuki
name: Akazawa, Mai
name: Takunori Hozumi
name: Tsujimoto, Yasushi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary data. Publications related to the systematic review workshop since 2015.4
Microwave-accelerated method for ultra-rapid extraction of Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA for downstream detection
Creators: name: Melendez, Johan
name: Santaus, Tonya
name: Brinsley, Gregory
name: Kiang, Daniel
name: Mali, Buddha
name: Hardick, Justin
name: Gaydos, Charlotte A.
name: Geddes, Chris
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2016
Subjects: Microwaves
DNA fragmentation
Gonorrhea
DNA extraction
Microwave-accelerated metal-enhanced fluorescence

description: Nucleic acid-based detection of gonorrhea infections typically require a two-step process involving isolation of the nucleic acid, followed by detection of the genomic target often involving polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based approaches. In an effort to improve on current detection approaches, we have developed a unique two-step microwave-accelerated approach for rapid extraction and detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea, GC) DNA. Our approach is based on the use of highly focused microwave radiation to rapidly lyse bacterial cells, release, and subsequently fragment microbial DNA. The DNA target is then detected by a process known as microwave-accelerated metal-enhanced fluorescence (MAMEF), an ultra-sensitive direct DNA detection analytical technique. In the current study, we show that highly focused microwaves at 2.45 GHz, using 12.3-mm gold film equilateral triangles, are able to rapidly lyse both bacteria cells and fragment DNA in a time- and microwave power-dependent manner. Detection of the extracted DNA can be performed by MAMEF, without the need for DNA amplification, in less than 10 min total time or by other PCR-based approaches. Collectively, the use of a microwave-accelerated method for the release and detection of DNA represents a significant step forward toward the development of a point-of-care (POC) platform for detection of gonorrhea infections.
Temperature dependence of single-particle properties in nuclear matter
Creators: name: Zuo, W.
name: Li, Z. H.
name: Lombardo, U.
name: Lu, G. C.
name: Schulze, H. -J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The single-nucleon potential in hot nuclear matter is investigated in the framework of the Brueckner theory by adopting the realistic Argonne V18 or Nijmegen 93 two-body nucleon-nucleon interaction supplemented by a microscopic three-body force. The rearrangement contribution to the single-particle potential induced by the ground state correlations is calculated in terms of the hole-line expansion of the mass operator and provides a significant repulsive contribution in the low-momentum region around and below the Fermi surface. Increasing temperature leads to a reduction of the effect, while increasing density makes it become stronger. The three-body force suppresses somewhat the ground state correlations due to its strong short-range repulsion, increasing with density. Inclusion of the three-body force contribution results in a quite different temperature dependence of the single-particle potential at high enough densities as compared to that adopting the pure two-body force. The effects of three-body force and ground state correlations on the nucleon effective mass are also discussed.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Michelson-Morley experiment within the quantum mechanics framework
Creators: name: Khokhlov, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is revisited the Michelson-Morley experiment within the quantum mechanics framework. One can define the wave function of photon in the whole space at a given moment of time. The phase difference between the source and receiver is a distance between the source and receiver at the time of reception hence it does not depend on the velocity of the frame. Then one can explain the null result of the Michelson-Morley experiment within the quantum mechanics framework.
From nanotubes to nanoholes: scaling of selectivity in uniformly charged nanopores through the Dukhin number for 1:1 electrolytes
Creators: name: Sarkadi, Zsófia
name: Fertig, Dávid
name: Ható, Zoltán
name: Valiskó, Mónika
name: Boda, Dezső
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scaling of the behavior of a nanodevice means that the device function (selectivity) is a unique smooth and monotonic function of a scaling parameter that is an appropriate combination of the system's parameters. For the uniformly charged cylindrical nanopore studied here these parameters are the electrolyte concentration, $c$, voltage, $U$, the radius and the length of the nanopore, $R$ and $H$, and the surface charge density on the nanopore's surface, $σ$. Due to the non-linear dependence of selectivites on these parameters, scaling can only be applied in certain limits. We show that the Dukhin number, $\mathrm{Du}=|σ|/eRc\sim |σ|λ_{\mathrm{D}}^{2}/eR$ ($λ_{\mathrm{D}}$ is the Debye length), is an appropriate scaling parameter in the nanotube limit ($H\rightarrow\infty$). Decreasing the length of the nanopore, namely, approaching the nanohole limit ($H\rightarrow 0$), an alternative scaling parameter has been obtained that contains the pore length and is called the modified Dukhin number: $\mathrm{mDu}\sim \mathrm{Du}\, H/λ_{\mathrm{D}}\sim |σ|λ_{\mathrm{D}}H/eR$. We found that the reason of non-linearity is that the double layers accumulating at the pore wall in the radial dimension correlate with the double layers accumulating at the entrances of the pore near the membrane on the two sides. Our modeling study using the Local Equilibrium Monte Carlo method and the Poisson-Nernst-Planck theory provides concentration, flux, and selectivity profiles, that show whether the surface or the volume conduction dominates in a given region of the nanopore for a given combination of the variables. We propose that the inflection point of the scaling curve may be used to characterize the transition point between the surface and volume conductions.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2012.14265
La contaminazione intenzionale dei sistemi idrici
Creators: name: Senese, Gaetano Ivan
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2006

description: La prima parte del presente lavoro ha cercato di tracciare un quadro generale sul rischio ordinario e straordinario di contaminazione di un sistema idrico; in particolare si è definito rischio straordinario il rischio di contaminazione di un sistema idrico dovuta ad un evento doloso. Gli agenti tossici utilizzabili per un tale atto doloso possono essere classificati in: Agenti chimici - Agenti biologici - Agenti radioattivi. La ricerca si è soffermata sulle problematiche di controllo ed identificazione della contaminazione, esaminando le tecniche di rilevazione che permettono di rilevare il contaminante, quantificarlo e valutarne la reattività in presenza di cloro residuo in rete. Nella parte sperimentale sviluppata presso il Laboratorio di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica sono state definite le metodiche sperimentali di rilevazione su due contaminanti: la Capsicina e la Ricina. Nel secondo capitolo della tesi si è esaminata la vulnerabilità di un sistema acquedottistico alla contaminazione, accennando alla protezione delle strutture, ai sistemi di monitoraggio rapido dei contaminanti ed alla efficacia delle tecniche di trattamento delle acque. Infine è stata effettuata una prima analisi di un evento di contaminazione dolosa mediante l’utilizzo del software EPANET.
Scaling behaviors of heavy flavor meson suppression and flow in different nuclear collision systems at the LHC
Creators: name: Li, Shu-Qing
name: Xing, Wen-Jing
name: Wu, Xiang-Yu
name: Cao, Shanshan
name: Qin, Guang-You
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the system size dependence of heavy-quark-QGP interaction by studying the heavy flavor meson suppression and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb, Xe-Xe, Ar-Ar and O-O collisions at the LHC. The space-time evolution of the QGP is simulated using a (3+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamic model, while the heavy-quark-QGP interaction is described by an improved Langevin approach that includes both collisional and radiative energy loss inside a thermal medium. Within this framework, we provides a reasonable description of the $D$ meson suppression and flow coefficients in Pb-Pb collisions, as well as predictions for both $D$ and $B$ meson observables in other collision systems yet to be measured. We find a clear hierarchy for the heavy meson suppression with respect to the size of the colliding nuclei, while their elliptic flow coefficient relies on both the system size and the geometric anisotropy of the QGP. Sizable suppression and flow are predicted for both $D$ and $B$ mesons in O-O collisions, which serve as a crucial bridge of jet quenching between large and small collision systems. Scaling behaviors between different collision systems are shown for heavy meson suppression factor and the bulk-eccentricity-rescaled heavy meson elliptic flow as functions of the number of participant nucleons in heavy-ion collisions.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Additional file 1 of Attention to principles of exercise training: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials in cancers other than breast and prostate
Creators: name: Bland, Kelcey A.
name: Neil-Sztramko, Sarah E.
name: Zadravec, Kendra
name: Medysky, Mary E.
name: Kong, Jeffrey
name: Winters-Stone, Kerri M.
name: Campbell, Kristin L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Description of studies.
Imaging the Two Gaps of the High-TC Superconductor Pb-Bi2Sr2CuO6+x
Creators: name: Boyer, M. C.
name: Wise, W. D.
name: Chatterjee, Kamalesh
name: Yi, Ming
name: Kondo, Takeshi
name: Takeuchi, T.
name: Ikuta, H.
name: Hudson, E. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of the pseudogap state, observed above the superconducting transition temperature TC in many high temperature superconductors, is the center of much debate. Recently, this discussion has focused on the number of energy gaps in these materials. Some experiments indicate a single energy gap, implying that the pseudogap is a precursor state. Others indicate two, suggesting that it is a competing or coexisting phase. Here we report on temperature dependent scanning tunneling spectroscopy of Pb-Bi2Sr2CuO6+x. We have found a new, narrow, homogeneous gap that vanishes near TC, superimposed on the typically observed, inhomogeneous, broad gap, which is only weakly temperature dependent. These results not only support the two gap picture, but also explain previously troubling differences between scanning tunneling microscopy and other experimental measurements.
description: 6 pages
The urban informal sector : an alternative analysis
Creators: name: Das, Veechibala
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The concept of dualism was applied to the urban economies in the Third World in the mid-sixties. Two sectors were identified, the informal sector and the formal sector. The informal sector was recognised to be primarily the refuge of the poor, the unemployed, and surplus labour from rural areas. Consequently, theories were advanced to explain how the informal sector was created, and why it persisted in the Third World develoment process. In the last ten years, however, research findings have shown that the informal sector may not necessarily be the sector of the poor or be confined to the Third World. These studies indicate that the informal sector is sometimes quite thriving, and present in centrally planned socialist economies as well as Western capitalist nations. It is time therefore for a comparative analysis of the various types of informal activities in the different economies to ascertain how and why the phenomenon exists in the different contexts. This research examines the course of the debate on the informal sector from 1965-1985 and presents an alternative analysis on the informal sector. The alternative analysis redefines the 'informal sector' as the 'petty capitalist sector' and proposes that this sector is created in response to the market forces in the formal sector, irrespective of the type of economy. The 'petty capitalist sector' caters to the demands for goods and services that are unfulfilled by the formal sector, and these are not necessarily confined to cheap goods. The labour for petty capitalist sector is similarly not confined to the poor and the unemployed. There are a variety of demands from the petty capitalist sector and different sources of labour for it. It is the potential for different combinations of labour sources and types of demand that create the wide variety of petty capitalist activities in the different economies. This research also presents the potential contribution of the alternative analysis to Third World planning. Planning for the informal sector has been important in the Third World because it has been tied to poverty and unemployment. But, according to the alternative analysis, because the 'petty capitalist sector' includes a range of activities with different problems, it would be inaccurate to say that it can be planned for per se. At best, a nation can deal with some specific problems of the petty capitalist sector, and this would depend on the development priorities of each nation.
Kinetic construction of the high-beta anisotropic-pressure equilibrium in the magnetosphere
Creators: name: Aibara, H.
name: Yoshida, Z.
name: Shirahata, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical model of the high-beta equilibrium of magnetospheric plasma was constructed by consistently connecting the (anisotropic pressure) Grad-Shafranov equation and the Vlasov equation. The Grad-Shafranov equation was used to determine the axisymmetric magnetic field for a given magnetization current corresponding to a pressure tensor. Given a magnetic field, we determine the distribution function as a specific equilibrium solution of the Vlasov equation, using which we obtain the pressure tensor. We need to find an appropriate class of distribution function for these two equations to be satisfied simultaneously. Here, we consider the distribution function that maximizes the entropy on the submanifold specified by the magnetic moment. This is equivalent to the reduction of the canonical Poisson bracket to the noncanonical one having the Casimir corresponding to the magnetic moment. The pressure tensor then becomes a function of the magnetic field (through the cyclotron frequency) and flux function, satisfying the requirement of the Grad-Shafranov equation. Numerical solutions have been obtained to interpret the experimental data of the RT-1 laboratory magnetosphere.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures
Construction of a 3-Dimensional MDS code
Creators: name: Aguglia, A.
name: Giuzzi, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: E.4

description: In this paper, we describe a procedure for constructing $q$--ary $[N,3,N-2]$--MDS codes, of length $N\leq q+1$ (for $q$ odd) or $N\leq q+2$ (for $q$ even), using a set of non--degenerate Hermitian forms in $PG(2,q^2)$.
description: 8 Pages Minor typesetting changes; dedication
The two-user Gaussian interference channel: a deterministic view
Creators: name: Bresler, Guy
name: Tse, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper explores the two-user Gaussian interference channel through the lens of a natural deterministic channel model. The main result is that the deterministic channel uniformly approximates the Gaussian channel, the capacity regions differing by a universal constant. The problem of finding the capacity of the Gaussian channel to within a constant error is therefore reduced to that of finding the capacity of the far simpler deterministic channel. Thus, the paper provides an alternative derivation of the recent constant gap capacity characterization of Etkin, Tse, and Wang. Additionally, the deterministic model gives significant insight towards the Gaussian channel.
description: 34 pages, 20 figures
ARCH-Elites: Quality-Diversity for Urban Design
Creators: name: Galanos, Theodoros
name: Liapis, Antonios
name: Yannakakis, Georgios N.
name: Koenig, Reinhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces ARCH-Elites, a MAP-Elites implementation that can reconfigure large-scale urban layouts at real-world locations via a pre-trained surrogate model instead of costly simulations. In a series of experiments, we generate novel urban designs for two real-world locations in Boston, Massachusetts. Combining the exploration of a possibility space with real-time performance evaluation creates a powerful new paradigm for architectural generative design that can extract and articulate design intelligence.
description: Published at Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, 2021, 2 pages, 1 figure
The Spectrum of Gravitational Radiation from Primordial Turbulence
Creators: name: Gogoberidze, Grigol
name: Kahniashvili, Tina
name: Kosowsky, Arthur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energy injection into the early universe can induce turbulent motions of the primordial plasma, which in turn act as a source for gravitational radiation. Earlier work computed the amplitude and characteristic frequency of the relic gravitational wave background, as a function of the total energy injected and the stirring scale of the turbulence. This paper computes the frequency spectrum of relic gravitational radiation from a turbulent source of the stationary Kolmogoroff form which acts for a given duration, making no other approximations. We also show that the limit of long source wavelengths, commonly employed in aeroacoustic problems, is an excellent approximation. The gravitational waves from cosmological turbulence around the electroweak energy scale will be detectable by future space-based laser interferometers for a substantial range of turbulence parameters.
description: typos corrected, the form of Eq. 37 is modified, Results and conclusions unchanged
Topological Hochschild and cyclic homology for Differential graded categories
Creators: name: Tabuada, Goncalo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18D20, 18D25, 18G55, 19D55

description: We define a topological Hochschild (THH) and cyclic (TC) homology theory for differential graded (dg) categories and construct several non-trivial natural transformations from algebraic K-theory to THH(-). In an intermediate step, we prove that the homotopy theory of dg categories is Quillen equivalent, through a four step zig-zag of Quillen equivalences, to the homotopy theory of Eilenberg-Mac Lane spectral categories. Finally, we show that over the rationals two dg categories are topological equivalent if and only if they are quasi-equivalent.
description: 47 pages. Sections 10 and 11 are new
Phosphorus sequestration in the form of polyphosphate by microbial symbionts in marine sponges
Creators: name: Zhang, Fan
name: Blasiak, Leah C.
name: Karolin, Jan
name: Powell, Ryan J.
name: Geddes, Chris
name: Hill, Russell T.
Publisher: name: PNAS
Year: 2015

description: Marine sponges are major habitat-forming organisms in coastal benthic communities and have an ancient origin in evolution history. Here, we report significant accumulation of polyphosphate (polyP) granules in three common sponge species of the Caribbean coral reef. The identity of the polyP granules was confirmed by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and by the fluorescence properties of the granules. Microscopy images revealed that a large proportion of microbial cells associated with sponge hosts contained intracellular polyP granules. Cyanobacterial symbionts cultured from sponges were shown to accumulate polyP. We also amplified polyphosphate kinase (ppk) genes from sponge DNA and confirmed that the gene was expressed. Based on these findings, we propose here a potentially important phosphorus (P) sequestration pathway through symbiotic microorganisms of marine sponges. Considering the widespread sponge population and abundant microbial cells associated with them, this pathway is likely to have a significant impact on the P cycle in benthic ecosystems.
Itinerant to localized transition of f electrons in antiferromagnetic superconductor UPd2Al3
Creators: name: Fujimori, Shin-ichi
name: Saitoh, Yuji
name: Okane, Tetsuo
name: Fujimori, Atsushi
name: Yamagami, Hiroshi
name: Haga, Yoshinori
name: Yamamoto, Etsuji
name: Onuki, Yoshichika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrons in solids have been conventionally classified as either band-like itinerant ones or atomic-like localized ones depending on their properties. For heavy Fermion (HF) compounds, however, the f electrons show both itinerant and localized behaviours depending on temperature. Above the characteristic temperature T*, which is typically of the order of few K to few tens K, their magnetic properties are well described by the ionic f-electron models, suggesting that the f-electrons behave as 'localized' electrons. On the other hand, well below T*, their Fermi surfaces (FS's) have been observed by magneto-oscillatory techniques, and generally they can be explained well by the 'itinerant' f-electron model. These two models assume totally different natures of felectrons, and how they transform between localized and itinerant state as a function of temperatures has never been understood on the level of their electronic structures. Here we have studied the band structure of the HF antiferromagnetic superconductor UPd2Al3 well below and above T* by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES), and revealed the temperature dependence of the electronic structure. We have found that the f-bands, which form the FS's at low temperatures are excluded from FS's at high temperatures. The present results demonstrate how the same f-electrons show both itinerant and localized behaviours on the level of electronic structure, and provide an important information for the unified description of the localized and itinerant nature of HF compounds.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, the revised manuscript was accepted to Nature Physics
ConcaveQ: Non-Monotonic Value Function Factorization via Concave Representations in Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Li, Huiqun
name: Zhou, Hanhan
name: Zou, Yifei
name: Yu, Dongxiao
name: Lan, Tian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Value function factorization has achieved great success in multi-agent reinforcement learning by optimizing joint action-value functions through the maximization of factorized per-agent utilities. To ensure Individual-Global-Maximum property, existing works often focus on value factorization using monotonic functions, which are known to result in restricted representation expressiveness. In this paper, we analyze the limitations of monotonic factorization and present ConcaveQ, a novel non-monotonic value function factorization approach that goes beyond monotonic mixing functions and employs neural network representations of concave mixing functions. Leveraging the concave property in factorization, an iterative action selection scheme is developed to obtain optimal joint actions during training. It is used to update agents' local policy networks, enabling fully decentralized execution. The effectiveness of the proposed ConcaveQ is validated across scenarios involving multi-agent predator-prey environment and StarCraft II micromanagement tasks. Empirical results exhibit significant improvement of ConcaveQ over state-of-the-art multi-agent reinforcement learning approaches.
description: Accepted at AAAI 2024
Defining amalgams of compact Lie groups
Creators: name: Köhl, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22C05, 51E24, 20E42

description: For $n \geq 2$ let $Δ$ be a Dynkin diagram of rank $n$ and let $I = {1, >..., n}$ be the set of labels of $Δ$. A group $G$ admits a weak Phan system of type $Δ$ over $\mathbb{C}$ if $G$ is generated by subgroups $U_i$, $i \in I$, which are central quotients of simply connected compact semisimple Lie groups of rank one, and contains subgroups $U_{i,j} = \gen{U_i ,U_j}$, $i \neq j \in I$, which are central quotients of simply connected compact semisimple Lie groups of rank two such that $U_i$ and $U_j$ are rank one subgroups of $U_{i,j}$ corresponding to a choice of a maximal torus and a fundamental system of roots for $U_{i,j}$. It is shown in this article that $G$ then is a central quotient of the simply connected compact semisimple Lie group whose complexification is the simply connected complex semisimple Lie group of type $Δ$.
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering Point-of-Care Technology Research Network: Advancing Precision Medicine
Creators: name: Ford Carleton, Penny
name: Schachter, Steven
name: Parrish, John A.
name: Collins, John M.
name: Crocker, J. Benjamin
name: Dixon, Ronald F.
name: Edgman-Levitan, Susan
name: Lewandrowski, Kent B.
name: Stahl, James E.
name: Klapperich, Catherine
name: Cabodi, Mario
name: Gaydos, Charlotte A.
name: Rompalo, Anne M.
name: Manabe, Yukari
name: Wang, Tza-Huei
name: Rothman, Richard
name: Geddes, Chris
name: Widdice, Lea
name: Jackman, Joany
name: Mathura, Rishi A.
name: Lash, Tiffani Bailey
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2016
Subjects: Technological innovation
Prototypes
Collaboration
Testing
Commercialization
Imaging
Medical services
policy
Point of care technologies

description: To advance the development of point-of-care technology (POCT), the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering established the POCT Research Network (POCTRN), comprised of Centers that emphasize multidisciplinary partnerships and close facilitation to move technologies from an early stage of development into clinical testing and patient use. This paper describes the POCTRN and the three currently funded Centers as examples of academic-based organizations that support collaborations across disciplines, institutions, and geographic regions to successfully drive innovative solutions from concept to patient care.
Studies on the p-nitrophenyl phosphate and adenosine monophosphate hydrolyzing activity of Dictyostelium discoideum
Creators: name: Bhanot, Pradeep
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Evidence is presented that a single enzyme is responsible for the hydrolysis of pNPP and AMP in Dictyostelium discoideum membranes. The two activities have identical mobilities when subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions.- The pH optima of hydrolysis of AMP or pNPP are highly dependent upon the concentration of the substrate and are identical when similar concentrations are used. pKm vs pH plots gave identical inflection points for AMP and pNPP and suggested that a functional group of pKa=8.5 is involved in the binding of either substrate to the enzyme. The plots also suggested that while only one such functional group is required for pNPP binding, there are two involved in the binding of AMP. Further evidence for the existence of only one enzyme was provided by the use of mutants with an altered Km for both pNPP and AMP. Furthermore, both AMPase and pNPPase activities in the mutant were unstable whereas both activities were stable in the wild-type strain. A previous demonstration that AMPase activity was selectively released from the membrane by co-incubation with a phospholipase C preparation was invalidated by the finding that the phospholipase C preparation contained an AMP specific hydolytic activity. The enzyme that hydrolyzed both AMP and pNPP was shown to be mechanistically an alkaline phosphatase. Kinetic evidence was obtained implicating Tris as a co-substrate in the hydrolysis of pNPP, and a transphosphorylation to Tris was demonstrated. Futhermore, biphasic kinetics of a double-displacement reaction was detected by stopped flow spectrophotometry. The hydrolysis of substrates via a double displacement mechanism and the consequent transphosphoryla-tion to a variety of low molecular weight alcohols is a distinguishing feature of alkaline phosphatases. The inhibition of the alkaline phosphatase with orthophosphate was competitive at low ionic strength but irreversible at high ionic strength. The alkaline phosphatase activity in D.discoideum is developmentally regulated and increases markedly during culmination. Attempts were made to quantitate the levels of alkaline phosphatase by immunological methods and by active site labelling with ³²Pi. Problems were encountered with both these methods and it could not be established with confidence whether the increase in alkaline phosphatase activity during development is due to the previously proposed hypothesis that unmasking of pre-existing enzyme may account for the developmental increase in activity. The biological process that activates alkaline phosphatase in vivo is unknown. However, two plausible methods of activating the enzyme were found. The vegetative cell enzyme is activated at pH 5.5 and by exposure to carbohydrate binding proteins.
Monte Carlo Elites: Quality-Diversity Selection as a Multi-Armed Bandit Problem
Creators: name: Sfikas, Konstantinos
name: Liapis, Antonios
name: Yannakakis, Georgios N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A core challenge of evolutionary search is the need to balance between exploration of the search space and exploitation of highly fit regions. Quality-diversity search has explicitly walked this tightrope between a population's diversity and its quality. This paper extends a popular quality-diversity search algorithm, MAP-Elites, by treating the selection of parents as a multi-armed bandit problem. Using variations of the upper-confidence bound to select parents from under-explored but potentially rewarding areas of the search space can accelerate the discovery of new regions as well as improve its archive's total quality. The paper tests an indirect measure of quality for parent selection: the survival rate of a parent's offspring. Results show that maintaining a balance between exploration and exploitation leads to the most diverse and high-quality set of solutions in three different testbeds.
description: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, 9 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
Metal-enhanced fluorescence from zinc substrates can lead to spectral distortion and a wavelength dependence
Creators: name: Hamo, Hilla Ben
name: Karolin, Jan
name: Mali, Buddha L.
name: Kushmaro, Ariel
name: Marks, Robert
name: Geddes, Chris
Publisher: name: AIP
Year: 2015

description: Metal-enhanced fluorescence enhancement factors up to 7-fold have been observed for Basic Fuchsin (BF) in close proximity to Zinc nano particulate substrates. In addition, the emission spectra of BF close-to Zinc as compared to a control sample are heavily distorted, particularly on the red-edge, giving systematic trends in enhancement, anywhere from 3- to 7-fold. We discuss these remarkable wavelength dependent effects with regard to the mechanism of metal-enhanced fluorescence.
Adaptation of red blood cell lysis represents a fundamental breakthrough that improves the sensitivity of almonella detection in blood
Creators: name: Boyd, M. A.
name: Tennant, S. M.
name: Melendez, Johan
name: Toema, D.
name: Galen, J. E.
name: Geddes, Chris
name: Levine, M. M.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2015
Subjects: sensitive
detection
Salmonella
PCR
diagnostic
typhoid
invasive
blood

description: Aims Isolation of Salmonella Typhi from blood culture is the standard diagnostic for confirming typhoid fever but it is unavailable in many developing countries. We previously described a Microwave Accelerated Metal Enhanced Fluorescence (MAMEF)-based assay to detect Salmonella in medium. Attempts to detect Salmonella in blood were unsuccessful, presumably due to the interference of erythrocytes. The objective of this study was to evaluate various blood treatment methods that could be used prior to PCR, real-time PCR or MAMEF to increase sensitivity of detection of Salmonella. Methods and Results We tested ammonium chloride and erythrocyte lysis buffer, water, Lymphocyte Separation Medium, BD Vacutainer® CPT™ Tubes and dextran. Erythrocyte lysis buffer was the best isolation method as it is fast, inexpensive and works with either fresh or stored blood. The sensitivity of PCR- and real-time PCR detection of Salmonella in spiked blood was improved when whole blood was first lysed using erythrocyte lysis buffer prior to DNA extraction. Removal of erythrocytes and clotting factors also enabled reproducible lysis of Salmonella and fragmentation of DNA, which are necessary for MAMEF sensing. Conclusions Use of the erythrocyte lysis procedure prior to DNA extraction has enabled improved sensitivity of Salmonella detection by PCR and real-time PCR and has allowed lysis and fragmentation of Salmonella using microwave radiation (for future detection by MAMEF). Significance and Impact of the Study Adaptation of the blood lysis method represents a fundamental breakthrough that improves the sensitivity of DNA-based detection of Salmonella in blood.