cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bornholdt's spin model of a market dynamics in high dimensions
Creators: name: Yamano, Takuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of an extension of the market model introduced by Bornholdt to high dimensions. Three and four dimensions are shown to behave similar to two, for suitable parameters.
description: For Int. J. Mod. Phys. C 13, No. 1 (2002) with five figures
Additional file 5 of Associations of psychosocial factors, knowledge, attitudes and practices with hospitalizations in internal medicine divisions in different population groups in Israel
Creators: name: Sagie, Shira
name: Wasef Na’amnih
name: Juda Frej
name: Alpert, Gershon
name: Khitam Muhsen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5.
Spin state and phase competition in TbBaCo_{2}O_{5.5} and the lanthanide series LnBaCo_{2}O_{5+δ} (0<=δ<=1)
Creators: name: Wu, Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A clear physics picture of TbBaCo$_{2}$O$_{5.5}$ is revealed on the basis of density functional theory calculations. An antiferromagnetic (AFM) superexchange coupling between the almost high-spin Co$^{3+}$ ions competes with a ferromagnetic (FM) interaction mediated by both p-d exchange and double exchange, being responsible for the observed AFM-FM transition. And the metal-insulator transition is accompanied by an xy/xz orbital-ordering transition. Moreover, this picture can be generalized to the whole lanthanide series, and it is predicted that a few room-temperature magnetoresistance materials could be found in LnBa$_{1-x}$A$_{x}$Co$_{2}$O$_{5+δ}$ (Ln=Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu; A=Sr,Ca,Mg).
description: 13 pages, 2 figures; to be published in Phys. Rev. B on 1st Sept. Title and Bylines are added to the revised version
The Role of Confidence in Truthful Revelation of Private Values
Creators: name: Parkhurst, Gregory M.
name: Nowell, Clifford
name: Parkhurst, Gregory M.
name: Nowell, Clifford
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: BDM
subject: Becker-DeGroot-Marschak mechanism
subject: confidence
subject: induced value
subject: truthful revelation
subject: willingness to accept
subject: willingness to pay

description: Recent research shows that disparities between willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept (WTA) disappear with market experience and training. In effect, preferences can be refined by eliminating subjects’ misconceptions regarding elicitation procedures. We use a stated measure of confidence as a proxy for misconceptions and test the influence of confidence on truthful revelation of induced values in WTP and WTA auctions using the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) mechanism. The results indicate that confidence matters for buyers and sellers. With confidence, WTA and WTP measures converge, and people with greater confidence choose the dominant bidding strategy more frequently.
Seeing Around Street Corners: Non-Line-of-Sight Detection and Tracking In-the-Wild Using Doppler Radar
Creators: name: Scheiner, Nicolas
name: Kraus, Florian
name: Wei, Fangyin
name: Phan, Buu
name: Mannan, Fahim
name: Appenrodt, Nils
name: Ritter, Werner
name: Dickmann, Jürgen
name: Dietmayer, Klaus
name: Sick, Bernhard
name: Heide, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Conventional sensor systems record information about directly visible objects, whereas occluded scene components are considered lost in the measurement process. Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) methods try to recover such hidden objects from their indirect reflections - faint signal components, traditionally treated as measurement noise. Existing NLOS approaches struggle to record these low-signal components outside the lab, and do not scale to large-scale outdoor scenes and high-speed motion, typical in automotive scenarios. In particular, optical NLOS capture is fundamentally limited by the quartic intensity falloff of diffuse indirect reflections. In this work, we depart from visible-wavelength approaches and demonstrate detection, classification, and tracking of hidden objects in large-scale dynamic environments using Doppler radars that can be manufactured at low-cost in series production. To untangle noisy indirect and direct reflections, we learn from temporal sequences of Doppler velocity and position measurements, which we fuse in a joint NLOS detection and tracking network over time. We validate the approach on in-the-wild automotive scenes, including sequences of parked cars or house facades as relay surfaces, and demonstrate low-cost, real-time NLOS in dynamic automotive environments.
description: First three authors contributed equally; Accepted at CVPR 2020
Solvatochromism of a D205 indoline dye at the interface of a small TiO2-anatase nanoparticle in acetonitrile: a combined molecular dynamics simulation and DFT calculation study
Creators: name: Stepaniuk, Daria S.
name: Blazhynska, Margaret M.
name: Koverga, Volodymyr
name: Kyrychenko, Alexander
name: Miannay, François-Alexandre
name: Idrissi, Abdenacer
name: Kalugin, Oleg N.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: A combined molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to investigate the effect of the acetonitrile (ACN) solution on the absorption and the charge transfer in a D205 indoline dye at the interface of a TiO2 nanoparticle. DFT calculations were carried out to estimate the equilibrium geometry of a small Ti30O62H4-anatase nanoparticle and to derive interaction parameters for bidentate binding of a D205 dye to TiO2. A series of the D205 dye configurations anchored to Ti30O62H4 were generated from the MD simulations and used as input for the time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations. We found that the immersion of the D205-Ti30O62H4 composite system into the polar ACN environment results in conformational changes of the dye moiety, which are accompanied by the solvatochromic redshift of its long-wavelength absorption band up to 1900 cm-1. Our results show that the HOMO and LUMO energy level alignment of the dye and the nanoparticle suggests a favourable driving force for charge transfer from the dye to TiO2. The MD/TD-DFT-estimated solvatochromic shift for the D205 dye at the TiO2/ACN interface is in good agreement with the experiment, showing that such computational approach enables reliable predictions of optical properties of other dye-TiO2 composites in solution.
A Constrained Sequential-Lamination Algorithm for the Simulation of Sub-Grid Microstructure in Martensitic Materials
Creators: name: Aubry, S.
name: Fago, M.
name: Ortiz, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a practical algorithm for partially relaxing multiwell energy densities such as pertain to materials undergoing martensitic phase transitions. The algorithm is based on sequential lamination, but the evolution of the microstructure during a deformation process is required to satisfy a continuity constraint, in the sense that the new microstructure should be reachable from the preceding one by a combination of branching and pruning operations. All microstructures generated by the algorithm are in static and configurational equilibrium. Owing to the continuity constrained imposed upon the microstructural evolution, the predicted material behavior may be path-dependent and exhibit hysteresis. In cases in which there is a strict separation of micro and macrostructural lengthscales, the proposed relaxation algorithm may effectively be integrated into macroscopic finite-element calculations at the subgrid level. We demonstrate this aspect of the algorithm by means of a numerical example concerned with the indentation of an Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloy by a spherical indenter.
description: 27 pages with 9 figures. To appear in: Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. New version incorporates minor revisions from review
Assessment of sulfobutylether-beta-cyclodextrin as a promising Fluorometholone molecule container: DFT, Docking, Molecular dynamics and MM-PBSA free energy calculations
Creators: name: Jafari, GholamReza
name: Raissi, Heidar
name: Shahabi, Mahnaz
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: In the present work, the preferential binding mode of Fluorometholone (FLU) drug into the nanopores of two cyclodexterins, b-cyclodextrin (b-CD) and sulfobutylether-b-cyclodextrin (SEB-b-CD), are theoretically investigated using density functional theory (DFT), Docking, the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and MM-PBSA free energy calculations. The computational results reveal that hydrogen bonds (HBs) and van der Waals (vdW) interactions have the significant roles in the stability of FLU into the cavity of b-CD and SBE-b-CD structures in the aqueous phase. It is found that the complexing ability of FLU is significantly increased from -62.245 kJ/mol in native b-CD to -89.677 kJ/mol in SEB-b-CD by introducing sulfobutylether groups to the hydroxyl groups of the macromolecule. In addition, a remarkable enhancement of the solubility of SBE-β-CD, compared to the native β-cyclodextrin, is observed. The inclusion process of FLU drug into SEB-β-CD improves the polarity of FLU@SBE-β-CD complex and enhances its solubility. Furthermore, the conformational stability of the top-scored FLU@β-CD and FLU@SEB-β-CD docked models is analysed by molecular dynamics simulation. The MM-PBSA freeenergy approach approves more binding affinity of FLU drug into the SEB-β-CD cavity. The obtained data aim to explore the potential application of SEB-β-CD macromolecule for designing and developing pharmacological formulations.
What Interests Environmental and Resource Economists? A Comparison of Research Output in Agricultural Economics versus Environmental Economics
Creators: name: Grijalva, Therese C.
name: Nowell, Clifford
name: Grijalva, Therese C.
name: Nowell, Clifford
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: agricultural economics
subject: department rankings
subject: environmental and natural resource economics
subject: research output

description: We compare the research productivity of faculties housed in departments offering doctoral degrees in agricultural economics (AgEcon) with faculties housed in departments offering doctoral degrees in economics (Econ) that specialize in environmental and resource economics. Rankings are based on faculty publications in EconLit between 1985 and 2010. We find that AgEcon departments publish more papers and rate higher overall on productivity measures than Econ departments but that average productivity is greater for Econ departments. AgEcon publications dominate the Journal of Economic Literature’s (JEL’s) agriculture (Q1) subdiscipline while Econ and AgEcon departments publish evenly in the other Q subdisciplines.
Biomass Productivity-Based Mapping of Global Land Degradation Hotspots
Creators: name: Le, Quang Bao
name: Nkonya, Ephraim
name: Mirzabaev, Alisher
name: Le, Quang Bao
name: Nkonya, Ephraim
name: Mirzabaev, Alisher
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: land degradation hotspots
subject: mapping
subject: carbon fertilization
subject: Economics of Land Degradation

description: Land degradation is a global problem affecting negatively the livelihoods and food security of billions of people, especially farmers and pastoralists in the developing countries. Eradicating extreme poverty without adequately addressing land degradation is highly unlikely. Given the importance and magnitude of the problem, there have been recurring efforts by the international community to identify the extent and severity of land degradation in global scale. As discussed in this paper, many previous studies were challenged by lack of appropriate data or shortcomings of their methodological approaches. In this paper, using global level remotely sensed vegetation index data, we identify the hotspots of land degradation in the world across major land cover types. In doing so, we use the long-term trend of inter-annual vegetation index as an indicator of biomass production decline or improvement. Besides the elimination of technical factors, confounding the relationship between the indicator and the biomass production of the land, we apply a methodology which accounts for masking effects of both inter-annual rainfall variation and atmospheric fertilization. We also delineate the areas where chemical fertilization could be hiding the inherent land degradation processes. Our findings show that land degradation hotpots cover about 29% of global land area and are happening in all agro-ecologies and land cover types. Land degradation is especially massive in grasslands. About 3.2 billion people reside in these degrading areas. However, the number of people affected by land degradation is likely to be higher as more people depend on the continuous flow of ecosystem goods and services from these affected areas. As we note in the paper, this figure, although, does not include all possible areas with degraded lands, it identifies those areas where land degradation is most acute and requires priority actions in both in-depth research and management measures to combat land degradation. Our findings indicate that, in fact, land improvement has also occurred in about 2.7% of global land area during the last three decades, providing a support that with appropriate actions land degradation trend could be reversed, and that the efforts to address land degradation need to be substantially increased, at least by a factor, to attain the vision of Zero Net Land Degradation. We also identify concrete aspects in which these results should be interpreted with caution, the limitations of this work and the key areas for future research.
Trade policy, biotechnology and grain self-sufficiency in China
Creators: name: Felloni, Fabrizio
name: Gilbert, John
name: Wahl, Thomas I.
name: Wandschneider, Philip
name: Felloni, Fabrizio
name: Gilbert, John
name: Wahl, Thomas I.
name: Wandschneider, Philip
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chinese agriculture
subject: CGE

description: Over the past 20 years the growth of China's agricultural economy has been extraordinary. However, it seems unlikely that China will maintain self-sufficiency in grains by 2005 without substantial intervention. We develop a CGE model to assess the options available to Chinese policy makers. We compare the welfare effects of import tariffs and domestic support, and explore the potential of biotechnology as a means to achieve self-sufficiency through improvements in agricultural productivity. Our results indicate that the price interventions that would be required to maintain China's desired self-sufficiency ratios are considerable, and are unlikely to be compatible with WTO accession. The productivity improvements required are also significant, and likely beyond the current potential of biotechnology. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Adoption of agricultural innovations as a two-stage partial observability process
Creators: name: Dimara, Efthalia
name: Skuras, Dimitris
name: Dimara, Efthalia
name: Skuras, Dimitris
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Innovation adoption
subject: Organic agriculture
subject: Partial observability

description: In this paper, we reconsider the appropriateness of certain statistical analyses in innovation adoption studies and suggest that partial observability models may sometimes be more useful. The proposed models allow for a flexible specification of the process of adoption from one stage to two stages, facilitate the modelling of non-adopters and remedy the violation of the assumption of full information. An application to the adoption of organic cultivation in Greece demonstrates the relative merits of the proposed analysis. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Additional file 1 of The effects of nano-curcumin as a nutritional strategy on clinical and inflammatory factors in children with cystic fibrosis: the study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Saeedeh Talebi
name: Mahammad Safarian
name: Jaafari, Mahmood Reza
name: Sayedi, Seyed Javad
name: Abbasi, Zahra
name: Ranjbar, Golnaz
name: Kianifar, Hamid Reza
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
New Constraints on the Energetics, Progenitor Mass, and Age of the Supernova Remnant G292.0+1.8 Containing PSR J1124-5916
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Marjorie
name: Safi-Harb, Samar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spatially resolved spectroscopy of the supernova remnant (SNR) G292.0+1.8 with the Chandra X-ray observatory. This SNR contains the 135 ms pulsar, J1124-5916. We apply non-equilibrium ionization (NEI) models to the data. By comparing the derived abundances with those predicted from nucleosynthesis models, we estimate a progenitor mass of 30-40 solar masses. We also derive the intrinsic parameters of the supernova explosion such as its energy, the age of the SNR, the blast wave velocity, and the swept-up mass. In the Sedov interpretation, our estimated SNR age of 2,600 years is close to the pulsar's characteristic age of 2,900 years. This confirms the pulsar/SNR association and relaxes the need for the pulsar to have a non-canonical value for the braking index, a large period at birth or a large transverse velocity. We discuss the properties of the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) in the light of the Kennel and Coroniti model and estimate the pulsar wind magnetization parameter. We also report the first evidence for steepening of the power law spectral index with increasing radius from the pulsar.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. To appear in ApJL, Feb 1 2003 (submitted Oct 9 2002, accepted Dec 19 2002)
Statistical Derivation of the Evolution Equation of Liquid Water Path Fluctuations in Clouds
Creators: name: Ivanova, K.
name: Ausloos, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: How to distinguish and quantify deterministic and random influences on the statistics of turbulence data in meteorology cases is discussed from first principles. Liquid water path (LWP) changes in clouds, as retrieved from radio signals, upon different delay times, can be regarded as a stochastic Markov process. A detrended fluctuation analysis method indicates the existence of long range time correlations. The Fokker-Planck equation which models very precisely the LWP $fluctuation$ empirical probability distributions, in particular, their non-Gaussian heavy tails is explicitly derived and written in terms of a drift and a diffusion coefficient. Furthermore, Kramers-Moyal coefficients, as estimated from the empirical data, are found to be in good agreement with their first principle derivation. Finally, the equivalent Langevin equation is written for the LWP increments themselves. Thus rather than the existence of hierarchical structures, like an energy cascade process, {\it strong correlations} on different $time$ $scales$, from small to large ones, are considered to be proven as intrinsic ingredients of such cloud evolutions.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures; to be published in Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres
Evidence for a Quantum Hall Insulator in an InGaAs/InP Heterostructure
Creators: name: de Lang, D. T. N.
name: Ponomarenko, L. A.
name: de Visser, A.
name: Possanzini, C.
name: Olsthoorn, S. M.
name: Pruisken, A. M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum critical behavior of the plateau-insulator (PI) transition in a low mobility InGaAs/InP heterostructure. By reversing the direction of the magnetic field (B) we find an averaged Hall resistance ρ_xy which remains quantized at the plateau value h/e^2 throughout the PI transition. We extract a critical exponent κ'= 0.57 +/- 0.02 for the PI transition which is slightly different from (and possibly more accurate than) the established value 0.42 +/- 0.04 as previously obtained from the plateau-plateau (PP) transitions.
description: 3pages, 2 figures; submitted to EP2DS-14 conference proceedings
Hints on the power corrections from current correlators in x-space
Creators: name: Narison, S.
name: Zakharov, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider an interpretation of the recent lattice data on the current-current correlators in the x-space. The data indicate rather striking difference between (axial)vector and (pseudo)scalar channels which goes beyond the predictions of the standard non-perturbative models. We argue that if the difference is to be explained by power corrections, there is a unique choice of the form of the correction. We discuss the emerging picture of the power corrections.
description: Some misprints corrected. 8 pages including 2 tables and 2 figures
Stolarskicyathus Cairns 2004, n.gen.
Creators: name: Cairns, S. D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Scleractinia
Gardineriidae
Stolarskicyathus

description: Stolarskicyathus n.gen.
Gen. n. A Stolarski, 1996: 350, 362–364, figs 6, 11.
 Diagnosis. Corallum conical (ceratoid) and firmly attached through a narrow pedicel (no secondary attachments or transverse division). Epitheca transversely corrugated, rising above the outer septal edges as a smooth, prominent thecal rim. Septa in 3 cycles; paliform lobes absent; columella labyrinthiform.
 Discussion. Stolarskicyathus differs from the only other Recent gardineriid genus, Gardineria, in lacking paliform lobes and in lacking secondary pedicel attachments.
 Type species. Stolarskicyathus pocilliformis.
 Etymology. Named in honour of Jarosĺaw (Jarek) Stolarski, for his pioneering work with scleractinian microstructure, especially with the fossil and lesser derived Recent forms. Gender: masculine.
description: Published as part of Cairns, S. D., 2004, The Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of Australia, pp. 259-329 in Records of the Australian Museum 56 on page 310
Variational Bethe Ansatz approach for dipolar one-dimensional bosons
Creators: name: De Palo, S.
name: Citro, R.
name: Orignac, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a variational approximation to the ground state energy of a one-dimensional gas of interacting bosons on the continuum based on the Bethe Ansatz ground state wavefunction of the Lieb-Liniger model. We apply our variational approximation to a gas of dipolar bosons in the single mode approximation and obtain its ground state energy per unit length. This allows for the calculation of the Tomonaga-Luttinger exponent as a function of density and the determination of the structure factor at small momenta. Moreover, in the case of attractive dipolar interaction, an instability is predicted at a critical density, which could be accessed in lanthanide atoms.
description: 12 pages, RevTex 4 (v1) references added (v2)
An Energy Approach to the Solution of Partial Differential Equations in Computational Mechanics via Machine Learning: Concepts, Implementation and Applications
Creators: name: Samaniego, Esteban
name: Anitescu, Cosmin
name: Goswami, Somdatta
name: Nguyen-Thanh, Vien Minh
name: Guo, Hongwei
name: Hamdia, Khader
name: Rabczuk, Timon
name: Zhuang, Xiaoying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Partial Differential Equations (PDE) are fundamental to model different phenomena in science and engineering mathematically. Solving them is a crucial step towards a precise knowledge of the behaviour of natural and engineered systems. In general, in order to solve PDEs that represent real systems to an acceptable degree, analytical methods are usually not enough. One has to resort to discretization methods. For engineering problems, probably the best known option is the finite element method (FEM). However, powerful alternatives such as mesh-free methods and Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) are also available. The fundamental idea is to approximate the solution of the PDE by means of functions specifically built to have some desirable properties. In this contribution, we explore Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) as an option for approximation. They have shown impressive results in areas such as visual recognition. DNNs are regarded here as function approximation machines. There is great flexibility to define their structure and important advances in the architecture and the efficiency of the algorithms to implement them make DNNs a very interesting alternative to approximate the solution of a PDE. We concentrate in applications that have an interest for Computational Mechanics. Most contributions that have decided to explore this possibility have adopted a collocation strategy. In this contribution, we concentrate in mechanical problems and analyze the energetic format of the PDE. The energy of a mechanical system seems to be the natural loss function for a machine learning method to approach a mechanical problem. As proofs of concept, we deal with several problems and explore the capabilities of the method for applications in engineering.
Additional file 1 of The value of bone marrow, liver, and spleen imaging in diagnosis, prognostication, and follow-up monitoring of myeloproliferative neoplasms: a systematic review
Creators: name: Slot, Stefanie
name: Van De Donk, Niels W. C. J.
name: Otten, René H. J.
name: Boden, Bouke J. H.
name: Zijlstra, Josée
name: Raijmakers, Pieter G. H. M.
name: Zweegman, Sonja
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary information: search strategies and overview of included articles.
Conformal restriction: the chordal case
Creators: name: Lawler, Gregory
name: Schramm, Oded
name: Werner, Wendelin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60D05; 60J65; 30C99

description: We characterize and describe all random subsets $K$ of a given simply connected planar domain (the upper half-plane $\H$, say) which satisfy the ``conformal restriction'' property, i.e., $K$ connects two fixed boundary points (0 and $\infty$, say) and the law of $K$ conditioned to remain in a simply connected open subset $D$ of $\H$ is identical to that of $Φ(K)$, where $Φ$ is a conformal map from $\H$ onto $D$ with $Φ(0)=0$ and $Φ(\infty)=\infty$. The construction of this family relies on the stochastic Loewner evolution (SLE) processes with parameter $κ\le 8/3$ and on their distortion under conformal maps. We show in particular that SLE(8/3) is the only random simple curve satisfying conformal restriction and relate it to the outer boundaries of planar Brownian motion and SLE(6).
description: To appear in JAMS
Predicting critical ignition in slow-fast excitable models
Creators: name: Marcotte, Christopher D.
name: Biktashev, Vadim N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Linearization around unstable travelling waves in excitable systems can be used to approximate strength-extent curves in the problem of initiation of excitation waves for a family of spatially confined perturbations to the rest state. This theory relies on the knowledge of the unstable travelling wave solution as well as the leading left and right eigenfunctions of its linearization. We investigate the asymptotics of these ingredients, and utility of the resulting approximations of the strength-extent curves, in the slow-fast limit in two-component excitable systems of FitzHugh-Nagumo type, and test those on four illustrative models. Of these, two are with degenerate dependence of the fast kinetic on the slow variable, a feature which is motivated by a particular model found in the literature. In both cases, the unstable travelling wave solution converges to a stationary "critical nucleus" of the corresponding one-component fast subsystem. We observe that in the full system, the asymptotics of the left and right eigenspaces are distinct. In particular, the slow component of the left eigenfunction corresponding to the translational symmetry does not become negligible in the asymptotic limit. This has a significant detrimental effect on the critical curve predictions. The theory as formulated previously uses an heuristic to address a difficulty related to the translational invariance. We describe two alternatives to that heuristic, which do not use the misbehaving eigenfunction component. These new heuristics show much better predictive properties, including in the asymptotic limit, in all four examples.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, as resubmitted to Phys Rev E after revision
MOESM11 of Downregulation of class II phosphoinositide 3-kinase PI3K-C2β delays cell division and potentiates the effect of docetaxel on cancer cell growth
Creators: name: Ouma Cisse
name: Muzthahid Quraishi
name: Gulluni, Federico
name: Guffanti, Federica
name: Mavrommati, Ioanna
name: Methushaa Suthanthirakumaran
name: Oh, Lara
name: Schlatter, Jessica
name: Ambisha Sarvananthan
name: Broggini, Massimo
name: Hirsch, Emilio
name: Falasca, Marco
name: Maffucci, Tania
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 11: Figure S10. Effect of PI3K-C2β downregulation and docetaxel on multi-nucleation. (a, b) The indicated cells were treated as described in Fig. 6. Graphs indicate the number of cells treated with DMSO (in parallel to cells treated with docetaxel, presented in Fig. 6) and containing n = 1 and n = 2 nuclei. Data are expressed as percentage of total number of cells and are means ± s.e.m. of n = 6 (PC3 and sh scrambled), n = 4 [sh PI3K-C2β (3)] and n = 3 [sh PI3K-C2β (4)] (a) or n = 4 (b) independent experiments. In these conditions, no difference in the percentage of multi-nucleated cells was detected between the cell lines [PC3: 0.2±0.08; sh scrambled: 0.07±0.05; sh PI3K-C2β (3): 0.26±0.2; sh PI3K-C2β (4): 0.04±0.04] and no multi-nucleated cells were detected in cells transfected with transfection reagent or with si control. Multi-nucleation was detected only in one out of three experiments for si PI3K-C2β (1)-transfected cells [average percentage: 0.5±0.5, n = 3] and in two out of three experiments for cells transfected with si PI3K-C2β (2) [average percentage: 0.4±0.3, n = 3]. (c) HeLa cells were transfected as indicated, detached 24 h post transfection and plated on coverslips. The following day, cells were treated with 0.25nM docetaxel or DMSO and incubated for further 72 h before fixing and staining. Data indicate the number of cells containing n = 1, n = 2 or n≥3 nuclei, expressed as percentage of total number of cells and are means ± s.e.m. of n = 5 independent experiments [apart from si PI3K-C2β (3) DMSO, n = 4]. The total numbers of cells analysed in these experiments were as follows: oligo DMSO: 2582; oligo 0.25nM docetaxel: 1658; si control DMSO: 1658; si control 0.25nM docetaxel: 1122; si PI3K-C2β (2) DMSO: 1290; si PI3K-C2β (2) 0.25nM docetaxel: 711; si PI3K-C2β (3) DMSO: 846; si PI3K-C2β (3) 0.25nM docetaxel: 884. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, vs corresponding oligo; # p<0.05, ###p<0.001 vs corresponding si control.
Wave-mixing due to two consecutive short pulses in Reid's pinched hysteretic material
Creators: name: Pravinkumar Ghodake
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Early-stage degradation of metals due to fatigue includes the generation of dislocation substructures and their accumulation near grain boundaries produces local plasticity and micro-cracks. In theoretical, computational, and experimental nonlinear ultrasonics studies, the early stage damages are assumed as quadratic, cubic, and hysteretic nonlinearities. Interaction of a single frequency ultrasonic wave with hysteretic nonlinearity generates only odd harmonics (3f, 5f, 7f,…). A single pulse containing two input frequencies (f1, f2) passed through hysteretic material generates sum (f1 + f2, 2f1+ f2, f1 + 2f2,….) and difference frequencies (f1 - f2, 2f1 - f2, f1 - 2f2,….) along with the corresponding odd harmonics (3f1, 5f1, 7f1,…, 3f2, 5f2, 7f2,…). In this computational study, wave mixing due to two consecutive short pulses is implemented to generate only a specific set of mixed frequencies. A spatial domain is discretized as a long chain of a spring-mass system with a hysteretic spring element modeled as Reid’s hysteresis model. Care is taken to ensure spatial resolution and time stepping to achieve stability and convergence of the study based on the CFL condition. The proposed approach to solve this problem is very simple in understanding and takes less computational resources and computational time. Two consecutive Gaussian pulses of two frequencies (f1, f2) and amplitude ratio (A1 = 6A2) are sent through one end of a long chain with a specified time delay between two pulses. Wave mixing due to the memory effect generates only a specific sum (3f1 + f2) and (f1 + 3f2), and difference (3f1 - f2) frequencies which are not seen in the case of a single pulse with two input frequencies. Also, the corresponding odd harmonics (3f1, 5f1, 3f2, 7f1) of both the input frequencies are observed. The dominant sum and difference frequencies are sensitive to the amplitudes (A1, A2), input frequencies (f1, f2), and the time delay between two pulses. The hysteretic loops observed in various combinations are significantly different (triangular and pinched, translated triangular and pinched, and non-triangular and non-pinched or open) than each other showing their unique characteristics for both the Gaussian and sinusoidal input pulses. This study shows the effectiveness of the considered wave-mixing technique for the quantification of early-stage hysteretic damage in actual practice using nonlinear ultrasonics.
The little galaxy that could: Kinematics of Camelopardalis B
Creators: name: Begum, Ayesha
name: Chengalur, Jayaram N.
name: Hopp, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present deep, high velocity resolution (1.6 km/s) GMRT HI as well as optical data for the faint (M_B ~ -10.9) galaxy Camelopardalis B. We find that the HI in the galaxy has a regular velocity field, consistent with rotational motion. The implied kinematical major axis is well aligned with the major axis of both the HI and optical images. Cam B is the faintest known galaxy with such relatively well behaved kinematics. From the HI velocity field we derive a rotation curve for the galaxy. The peak (inclination corrected) rotation velocity is only 7km/s, comparable to the observed velocity dispersion. After correcting the observed rotation velocities for random motions (the "asymmetric drift" correction) we find a corrected peak rotation velocity of ~ 20 km/s. On fitting mass models to corrected rotation curve we find that the kinematics of Cam B is well fit with a modified isothermal halo with central density $ρ_0$ approximately 12.0 $M_\odot$ pc$ ^{-3}$. This derived central density has only a very weak dependence on the assumed M/L ratio of the stellar disk. We also find that the corrected rotation curve cannot be fit with an NFW halo regardless of the assumed M/L ratio. We compile from the literature a sample of galaxies with rotation curves obtained from HI synthesis observations. From this sample (which has an absolute magnitude range of ~ 12) we find (i) that Cam B lies on the Tully-Fisher relation defined by these galaxies, provided we use the corrected rotation velocity, and (ii) a weak trend for increasing halo central density with decreasing galaxy size. Such a trend is expected in hierarchical models of halo formation.
description: Accepted for publication in New Astronomy. For copyright reasons this version is slightly different from the accepted version, although the differences are minor
Density of States in a Mesoscopic SNS Junction
Creators: name: Ostrovsky, P. M.
name: Skvortsov, M. A.
name: Feigel'man, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Semiclassical theory of proximity effect predicts a gap E_g \sim hD/L^2 in the excitation spectrum of a long diffusive SNS junction. Mesoscopic fluctuations lead to anomalously localized states in the normal part of the junction. As a result, a non-zero, yet exponentially small, density of states appears at energies below E_g. In the framework of the supermatrix nonlinear sigma-model these prelocalized states are due to instanton configurations with broken supersymmetry. The exact result for the DOS near the semiclassical threshold is found provided the dimensionless conductance of the normal part is large. The case of poorly transparent interfaces between the normal and superconductive regions is also considered. In this limit the total number of the subgap states may be large.
description: 6 pages, 2 eps figures, JETP Letters style file included
Rotating black holes with an anisotropic matter field
Creators: name: Kim, Hyeong-Chan
name: Lee, Bum-Hoon
name: Lee, Wonwoo
name: Lee, Youngone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a family of new rotating black hole solutions to Einstein's equations that generalizes the Kerr-Newman spacetime to include an anisotropic matter. The geometry is obtained by employing the Newman-Janis algorithm. In addition to the mass, the charge and the angular momentum, an additional hair exists thanks to the negative radial pressure of the anisotropic matter. The properties of the black hole are analyzed in detail including thermodynamics. This black hole can be used as a better engine than the Kerr-Newman one in extracting energy.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures, reference added
Topological Defect Densities in Type-I Superconducting Phase Transitions
Creators: name: Páramos, J.
name: Bertolami, O.
name: Girard, T. A.
name: Valko, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the consequences of a cubic term addition to the mean-field potential of Ginzburg-Landau theory to describe first order superconductive phase transitions. Constraints on its existence are obtained from experiment, which are used to assess its impact on topological defect creation. We find no fundamental changes in either the Kibble-Zurek or Hindmarsh-Rajantie predictions.
description: Revtex4, 1 eps figure, 6 pages. Change in title and in sections II and III so to broaden the scope of the paper. Additional author is included
Tidal flows with convection: frequency-dependence of the effective viscosity and evidence for anti-dissipation
Creators: name: Duguid, Craig D.
name: Barker, Adrian J.
name: Jones, Chris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tidal interactions are important in driving spin and orbital evolution in planetary and stellar binary systems, but the fluid dynamical mechanisms responsible remain incompletely understood. One key mechanism is the interaction between tidal flows and convection. Turbulent convection is thought to act as an effective viscosity in damping large-scale tidal flows, but there is a long-standing controversy over the efficiency of this mechanism when the tidal frequency exceeds the turnover frequency of the dominant convective eddies. This high frequency regime is relevant for many applications, such as for tides in stars hosting hot Jupiters. We explore the interaction between tidal flows and convection using hydrodynamical simulations within a local Cartesian model of a small patch of a convection zone of a star or planet. We adopt the Boussinesq approximation and simulate Rayleigh-Bénard convection, modelling the tidal flow as a background oscillatory shear flow. We demonstrate that the effective viscosity of both laminar and turbulent convection is approximately frequency-independent for low frequencies. When the forcing frequency exceeds the dominant convective frequency, the effective viscosity scales inversely with the square of the tidal frequency. We also show that negative effective viscosities are possible, particularly for high frequency tidal forcing, suggesting the surprising possibility of tidal anti-dissipation. These results are supported by a complementary high frequency asymptotic analysis that extends prior work by Ogilvie & Lesur. We discuss the implications of these results for interpreting the orbital decay of hot Jupiters, and for several other astrophysical problems.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS on 11th October 2019
Hard X-ray timing and spectral properties of PSR B0540-69
Creators: name: de Plaa, J.
name: Kuiper, L.
name: Hermsen, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the hard X-ray properties of the young Crab-like LMC pulsar PSR B0540-69, using archival RXTE PCA (2 - 60 keV) and RXTE HEXTE (15 - 250 keV) data. Making use of the very long effective exposure of 684 ks, we derived a very detailed master pulse profile for energies 2 - 20 keV. We confirm the broad single-pulse shape with a dip in the middle and with a significant fine structure to the left of the dip. For the first time pulse profiles in the 10 - 50 keV energy interval are shown. Remarkably, the coarse pulse shape is stable from the optical up to X-ray energies analogous to the case of the Crab pulsar (PSR B0531+21). The profiles can be described with two Gaussians with a phase separation of ~0.2; the distribution of the ratios between the two components from the optical to the X-ray range is consistent with being flat. Therefore we cannot conclude that the profile consists of two distinct components. We also derived a new total pulsed spectrum in the ~0.01 - 50 keV range in a consistent analysis including also archival ROSAT PSPC (0.01 - 2.5 keV) data. This spectrum cannot be described by a single power-law, but requires an additional energy dependent term. The bending of the spectrum around 10 keV resembles that of the Crab pulsar spectrum. Although model calculations using Outer Gap scenarios could probably explain the high-energy characteristics of PSR B0540-69 as they successfully do for the Crab, our measurements do not entirely agree with the latest calculations by Zhang & Cheng (2000). The small discrepancies are likely to be caused by uncertainties in the pulsar's geometry.
description: 7 pages and 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
The coronal temperature of NGC 4388 and NGC 2110 measured with INTEGRAL
Creators: name: Ursini, F.
name: Bassani, L.
name: Malizia, A.
name: Bazzano, A.
name: Bird, A. J.
name: Stephen, J. B.
name: Ubertini, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We aim to measure the physical properties of the hot X-ray corona of two active galactic nuclei, NGC 4388 and NGC 2110. We analysed the hard X-ray (20-300 keV) INTEGRAL spectrum in conjunction with archival XMM-Newton and NuSTAR data. The X-ray spectrum of both sources is phenomenologically well described by an absorbed cut-off power law. In agreement with previous results, we find no evidence of a Compton reflection component in these sources. We obtain a high-energy cut-off of $200^{+75}_{-40}$ keV for NGC 4388 and $320^{+100}_{-60}$ keV for NGC 2110. A fit with a thermal Comptonisation model yields a coronal temperature of $80^{+45}_{-20}$ keV and $75^{+20}_{-15}$ keV, respectively, and an optical depth of approximately two, assuming a spherical geometry. The coronal temperature and luminosity of both sources are consistent with pair production that acts as a thermostat for the thermal plasma. These results emphasise the importance of good signal-to-noise X-ray data above 100 keV to probe the high-energy emission of AGNs.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&A; added missing references