cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The diameter of a random elliptical cloud
Creators: name: Demichel, Yann
name: Fermin, Ana Karina
name: Soulier, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60D05, 60F05

description: We study the asymptotic behavior of the diameter or maximum interpoint distance of a cloud of i.i.d. $d$-dimensional random vectors when the number of points in the cloud tends to infinity. This is a non standard extreme value problem since the diameter is a max-$U$-statistic, hence a maximum of dependent random variables. Therefore, the limiting distributions may not be extreme value distributions. We obtain exhaustive results for the Euclidean diameter of a cloud of elliptical vectors whose Euclidean norm is in the domain of attraction for the maximum of the Gumbel distribution. We also obtain results in other norms for spherical vectors and we give several bi-dimensional generalizations. The main idea behind our results and their proofs is a specific property of random vectors whose norm is in the domain of attraction of the Gumbel distribution: the localization into subspaces of low dimension of vectors with a large norm.
description: 39 pages, 5 figures Version 2: Constants corrected in Theorems 4.1 and 4.5 and a reference added
Satellite Dwarf Galaxies in a Hierarchical Universe: The Prevalence of Dwarf-Dwarf Major Mergers
Creators: name: Deason, Alis
name: Wetzel, Andrew
name: Garrison-Kimmel, Shea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mergers are a common phenomenon in hierarchical structure formation, especially for massive galaxies and clusters, but their importance for dwarf galaxies in the Local Group remains poorly understood. We investigate the frequency of major mergers between dwarf galaxies in the Local Group using the ELVIS suite of cosmological zoom-in dissipationless simulations of Milky Way- and M31-like host halos. We find that ~10% of satellite dwarf galaxies with M_star > 10^6 M_sun that are within the host virial radius experienced a major merger of stellar mass ratio closer than 0.1 since z = 1, with a lower fraction for lower mass dwarf galaxies. Recent merger remnants are biased towards larger radial distance and more recent virial infall times, because most recent mergers occurred shortly before crossing within the virial radius of the host halo. Satellite-satellite mergers also occur within the host halo after virial infall, catalyzed by the large fraction of dwarf galaxies that fell in as part of a group. The merger fraction doubles for dwarf galaxies outside of the host virial radius, so the most distant dwarf galaxies in the Local Group are the most likely to have experienced a recent major merger. We discuss the implications of these results on observable dwarf merger remnants, their star formation histories, the gas content of mergers, and massive black holes in dwarf galaxies.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. Accepted by ApJ
Supergravity Actions with Integral Forms
Creators: name: Castellani, L.
name: Catenacci, R.
name: Grassi, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Integral forms provide a natural and powerful tool for the construction of supergravity actions. They are generalizations of usual differential forms and are needed for a consistent theory of integration on supermanifolds. The group geometrical approach to supergravity and its variational principle are reformulated and clarified in this language. Central in our analysis is the Poincare' dual of a bosonic manifold embedded into a supermanifold. Finally, using integral forms we provide a proof of Gates' so-called "Ectoplasmic Integration Theorem", relating superfield actions to component actions.
description: 36 pages, LaTex, corrected some misprints to match the published version in NPB
Endosomal structure and APP biology are not altered in a preclinical mouse cellular model of Down syndrome
Creators: name: Cannavo, Claudia
name: Cleverley, Karen
name: Maduro, Cheryl
name: Mumford, Paige
name: Moulding, Dale
name: MC Fisher, Elizabeth
name: Wiseman, Frances K
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: Signalling & Oncogenes
subject: Signalling & Oncogenes
classificationCode: Immunology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
classificationCode: Developmental Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
classificationCode: Human Biology & Physiology
subject: Human Biology & Physiology
classificationCode: Model organisms
subject: Model organisms
classificationCode: Cell Biology
subject: Cell Biology

description: Individuals who have Down syndrome (trisomy 21) are at greatly increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease, characterised by the accumulation in the brain of amyloid-β plaques. Amyloid-β is a product of the processing of the amyloid precursor protein, encoded by the APP gene on chromosome 21. In Down syndrome the first site of amyloid-β accumulation is within endosomes, and changes to endosome biology occur early in Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we determine if primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts isolated from a mouse model of Down syndrome can be used to study endosome and APP cell biology. We report that in this cellular model, endosome number, size and APP processing are not altered, likely because APP is not dosage sensitive in the model, despite three copies of App.
Additional file 2 of Barriers to mutational testing in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) – a survey of life raft group members
Creators: name: Montoya, Denisse
name: Call, Jerry W.
name: Eshak, Jennily
name: Knox, Pete
name: Luedke, Maeven
name: Kaur, Sahibjeet
name: Rothschild, Sara
name: Garland, Mary
name: Scherzer, Norman J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Supplemental Table 2. Why was mutational testing done?.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PEDIATRIC OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA: A REVIEW
Creators: name: OSMAN ANSAR
name: XIANG PING MA
name: MUHAMMAD IMRAN ARIF
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Obstructive sleep apnea, Pediatric population, surgical interventions, non-surgical interventions

description: Abstract

Obstructive Sleep apnea (OSA) affects approximately 1%-5% of children. There is an increase in the risk of cardiac arrhythmias, stroke, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, and altered immune function due to this disorder, which profoundly affects various body systems. Overnight polysomnograms are increasingly used to diagnose conditions and implement therapy more quickly at a lower cost. Various surgical and non-surgical interventions are available for treating pediatric OSA. This review will focus on adenotonsillectomy and positive airway pressure therapy for pediatric OSA. Furthermore, we also discussed non-surgical and surgical interventions for managing pediatric OSA. Additionally, we discussed current research efforts exploring newer diagnostic techniques and experimental treatment modalities. Healthcare professionals can effectively address the challenges of pediatric OSA with advancements in diagnostic tools and treatment approaches.
Additional file 1 of Nitrogen and sulfur-doped carbon quantum dots as fluorescent nanoprobes for spectrofluorimetric determination of olanzapine and diazepam in biological fluids and dosage forms: application to content uniformity testing
Creators: name: Magdy, Galal
name: Said, Noura
name: El-Domany, Ramadan A.
name: Belal, Fathalla
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Additional figures and tables.
Polynomial-time Algorithms for Weighted Efficient Domination Problems in AT-free Graphs and Dually Chordal Graphs
Creators: name: Brandstädt, Andreas
name: Fičur, Pavel
name: Leitert, Arne
name: Milanič, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An efficient dominating set (or perfect code) in a graph is a set of vertices the closed neighborhoods of which partition the vertex set of the graph. The minimum weight efficient domination problem is the problem of finding an efficient dominating set of minimum weight in a given vertex-weighted graph; the maximum weight efficient domination problem is defined similarly. We develop a framework for solving the weighted efficient domination problems based on a reduction to the maximum weight independent set problem in the square of the input graph. Using this approach, we improve on several previous results from the literature by deriving polynomial-time algorithms for the weighted efficient domination problems in the classes of dually chordal and AT-free graphs. In particular, this answers a question by Lu and Tang regarding the complexity of the minimum weight efficient domination problem in strongly chordal graphs.
Chaotic inflation limits for non-minimal models with a Starobinsky attractor
Creators: name: Mosk, Benjamin
name: van der Schaar, Jan Pieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate inflationary attractor points by analyzing non-minimally coupled single field inflation models in two opposite limits; the `flat' limit in which the first derivative of the conformal factor is small and the `steep' limit, in which the first derivative of the conformal factor is large. We consider a subset of models that yield Starobinsky inflation in the steep conformal factor, strong coupling, limit and demonstrate that they result in chaotic inflation in the opposite flat, weak coupling, limit. The suppression of higher order powers of the inflaton field in the potential is shown to be related to the flatness condition on the conformal factor. We stress that the chaotic attractor behaviour in the weak coupling limit is of a different, less universal, character than the Starobinsky attractor. Agreement with the COBE normalisation cannot be obtained in both attractor limits at the same time and in the chaotic attractor limit the scale of inflation depends on the details of the conformal factor, contrary to the strong coupling Starobinsky attractor.
description: v2: 4 figures added, refs added, minor textual changes
Influence of hardened layer structure and interface profile on character of plastic deformation development and fracture of surface hardened low carbon steels at the mesolevel
Creators: name: Romanenko A., V.
name: Panin S., V.
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2004

description: The investigation of influence of hardened layer structure and interface profile on plastic deformation development in boronized low carbon steels was carried out with the use of television-optical technique TOMSC and electron scanning microscope TESLA BS 300.
SAROYMULKXONIMNING AMIR TEMUR DAVLATIDA TUTGAN O'RNI
Creators: name: Shohimardonova, Marjona
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ushbu maqolada Amir Temurning suyukli rafiqasi bo'lgan, xalq orasida Bibixonim nomi bilan mashhur bo'lgan Saroymulkxonimning davlat rivojiga qo'shgan hissasi,  ilm-fanni qo'llab quvvatlaganligi, Samarqandda amalga oshirgan ishlari haqida batafsil yoritilgan.
Additional file 1 of Synthesis and bioactivities evaluation of quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives as α-glucosidase inhibitors
Creators: name: Moheb, Mahshid
name: Iraji, Aida
name: Dastyafteh, Navid
name: Khalili Ghomi, Minoo
name: Noori, Milad
name: Mojtabavi, Somayeh
name: Faramarzi, Mohammad Ali
name: Rasekh, Fatemeh
name: Larijani, Bagher
name: Zomorodian, Kamiar
name: Sadat-Ebrahimi, Seyed Esmaeil
name: Mahdavi, Mohammad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. 2-(2-methoxy-4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-phenylacetamide (7a). Figure S2. N-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-methoxy-4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (7b). Figure S3. N-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-methoxy-4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (7c). Figure S4. N-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-methoxy-4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (7d). Figure S5. N-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-methoxy-4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (7e). Figure S6. N-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-methoxy-4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (7f). Figure S7. N-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(2-methoxy-4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (7g). Figure S8. 2-(2-methoxy-4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-(o-tolyl)acetamide (7 h). Figure S9. 2-(2-methoxy-4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-(p-tolyl)acetamide (7i). Figure S10. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-methoxy-4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (7j). Figure S11. N-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-(2-methoxy-4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (7k). Figure S12. 2-(2-methoxy-4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide (7 l). Figure S13. N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxy-4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (7m). Figure S14. 2-(2-methoxy-4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-(4-nitrophenyl)acetamide (7n). Figure S15. 2-(2-methoxy-4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-(naphthalen-2-yl)acetamide (7o). Figure S16. 2-(2-methoxy-4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-(4-methylbenzyl)acetamide (7p). Figure S17. N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(2-methoxy-4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (7q). Figure S18. N-benzyl-2-(2-methoxy-4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetamide (7r).
The lattice gradient flow at tree-level and its improvement
Creators: name: Fodor, Zoltan
name: Holland, Kieran
name: Kuti, Julius
name: Mondal, Santanu
name: Nogradi, Daniel
name: Wong, Chik Him
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Yang-Mills gradient flow and the observable E(t), defined by the square of the field strength tensor at t>0, are calculated at finite lattice spacing and tree-level in the gauge coupling. Improvement of the flow, the gauge action and the observable are all considered. The results are relevant for two purposes. First, the discretization of the flow, gauge action and observable can be chosen in such a way that $O(a^2)$, $O(a^4)$ or even $O(a^6)$ improvement is achieved. Second, simulation results using arbitrary discretizations can be tree-level improved by the perturbatively calculated correction factor normalized to one in the continuum limit.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, references added, published version
Time sequence spectroscopy of AW UMa. The 518 nm Mg I triplet region analyzed with Broadening Functions
Creators: name: Rucinski, Slavek M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High resolution spectroscopic observations of AW UMa, obtained on three consecutive nights with the median time resolution of 2.1 minutes, have been analyzed using the Broadening Functions method in the spectral window Doppler images of the system reveal the presence of vigorous mass motions within the binary system; their presence puts into question the solid-body rotation assumption of the contact binary model. AW UMa appears to be a very tight, semi-detached binary; the mass transfer takes place from the more massive to the less massive component. The primary, a fast-rotating star with V sin i = 181.4+\-2.5 km s^-1, is covered by inhomogeneities: very slowly drifting spots and a dense network of ripples more closely participating in its rotation. The spectral lines of the primary show an additional broadening component (called the "pedestal") which originates either in the equatorial regions which rotate faster than the rest of the star by about 50 km s^-1 or in an external disk-like structure. The secondary component appears to be smaller than predicted by the contact model. The radial velocity field around the secondary is dominated by accretion of matter transferred from (and possibly partly returned to) the primary component. The parameters of the binary are: A sin i = 2.73 +/- 0.11 R_odot and M_1 sin^3 i = 1.29 +/- 0.15 M_odot, M_2 sin^3 i = 0.128 +/- 0.016 M_odot. The mass ratio q_rm sp = M_2/M_1 = 0.099 +/- 0.003, while still the most uncertain among the spectroscopic elements, is substantially different from the previous numerous and mutually consistent photometric investigations which were based on the contact model. It should be studied why photometry and spectroscopy give so very discrepant results and whether AW UMa is an unusual object or that only very high-quality spectroscopy can reveal the true nature of W UMa-type binaries.
description: Accepted for publication in AJ. 16 figures, Tabs.2 and 3 in ascii. Revisions rel 1st submission: 1st prgs of Sec.4.3 and 6.1 rewritten. Added Fig.5. Added Tab.3 with RV's of primary. Re-determined K1 and final elements
Chiral Mott Insulators, Meissner Effect, and Laughlin States in Quantum Ladders
Creators: name: Petrescu, Alexandru
name: Hur, Karyn Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce generic bosonic models exemplifying that chiral Meissner currents can persist in insulating phases of matter. We first consider interacting bosons on a two-leg ladder. The total density sector can be gapped in a bosonic Mott insulator at odd-integer filling, while the relative density sector remains superfluid due to interchain hopping. Coupling the relative density to gauge fields yields a pseudospin Meissner effect. We show that the same phase arises if the bosons are replaced by spinful fermions confined in Cooper pairs, and find a dual fermionic Mott insulator with spinon currents. We prove that by tuning the mean density the Mott insulator with Meissner currents turns into a low-dimensional bosonic $ν= \frac{1}{2}$ Laughlin state for strong enough repulsive interactions across the ladder rungs. We finally discuss extensions to multileg ladders and bilayers in which spinon superfluids with Meissner currents become possible. We propose two experimental realizations, one with ultracold atoms in the setup of Atala et al., Nat. Phys. \textbf{8}, 588 (2014) and another with Josephson junction arrays. We also address a Bose-Fermi mixture subject to a magnetic field in connection with the pseudo-gap phase of high-Tc cuprates.
description: 27 pages, 11 figures
Investigating Properties of a Family of Quantum Renyi Divergences
Creators: name: Lin, Mingyan Simon
name: Tomamichel, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Audenaert and Datta recently introduced a two-parameter family of relative Rényi entropies, known as the $α$-$z$-relative Rényi entropies. The definition of the $α$-$z$-relative Rényi entropy unifies all previously proposed definitions of the quantum Rényi divergence of order $α$ under a common framework. Here we will prove that the $α$-$z$-relative Rényi entropies are a proper generalization of the quantum relative entropy by computing the limit of the $α$-$z$ divergence as $α$ approaches one and $z$ is an arbitrary function of $α$. We also show that certain operationally relevant families of Rényi divergences are differentiable at $α= 1$. Finally, our analysis reveals that the derivative at $α= 1$ evaluates to half the relative entropy variance, a quantity that has attained operational significance in second-order quantum hypothesis testing.
description: 15 pages, v2: journal version
Generalized Kuga-Satake theory and rigid local systems, II: rigid Hecke eigensheaves
Creators: name: Patrikis, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper uses rigid Hecke eigensheaves, building on Yun's work on the construction of motives with exceptional Galois groups, to produce the first robust examples of `generalized Kuga-Satake theory' outside the Tannakian category of motives generated by abelian varieties. To strengthen our description of the `motivic' nature of Kuga-Satake lifts, we digress to establish a result that should be of independent interest: for any quasi-projective variety over a (finitely-generated) characteristic zero field, the associated weight-graded of its intersection cohomology arises from a motivated motive in the sense of André, and in particular from a classical homological motive if one assumes the Standard Conjectures. This extends work of de Cataldo and Migliorini.
description: minor revisions to previous version. comments welcome
Inflating an Inhomogeneous Universe
Creators: name: Easther, Richard
name: Price, Layne C.
name: Rasero, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While cosmological inflation can erase primordial inhomogeneities, it is possible that inflation may not begin in a significantly inhomogeneous universe. This issue is particularly pressing in multifield scenarios, where even the homogeneous dynamics may depend sensitively on the initial configuration. This paper presents an initial survey of the onset of inflation in multifield models, via qualitative lattice-based simulations that do not include local gravitational backreaction. Using hybrid inflation as a test model, our results suggest that small subhorizon inhomogeneities do play a key role in determining whether inflation begins in multifield scenarios. Interestingly, some configurations which do not inflate in the homogeneous limit "succeed" after inhomogeneity is included, while other initial configurations which inflate in the homogeneous limit "fail" when inhomogeneity is added.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, 1 table; v2: references added; v3: matches published version
BENTONIT GIL KUKUNINI SORBSION XOSSASINI KIMYOVIY USULDA FAOLASHTIRISH
Creators: name: Rashitova, Shahnoza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Qayta ishlov berilgan bentonitli gil kukunning sorbentlik xossasi o'rganildi. Sorbentning olish jarayoniga harorat va vaqtni ta'siri o'rganildi. Qayta ishlov berishda sorbentlik xossasini oshirish uchun qo'shimcha komponentlar qo'shib kompozitlar olindi.
General Metasurface Synthesis Based on Susceptibility Tensors
Creators: name: Achouri, Karim
name: Salem, Mohamed Ahmed
name: Caloz, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general method, based on susceptibility tensors, is proposed for the synthesis of metasurfaces transforming arbitrary incident waves into arbitrary reflected and transmitted waves. The proposed method exhibits two advantages: 1)it is inherently vectorial, and therefore better suited for full vectorial (beyond paraxial) electromagnetic problems, 2) it provides closed-form solutions, and is therefore extremely fast. Incidentally, the method reveals that a metasurface is fundamentally capable to transform up to four independent wave triplets (incident, reflected and refracted waves). In addition, the paper provides the closed-form expressions relating the synthesized susceptibilities and the scattering parameters simulated within periodic boundary conditions, which allows one to design the scattering particles realizing the desired susceptibilities. The versatility of the method is illustrated by examples of metasurfaces achieving the following transformations: generalized refraction, reciprocal and non-reciprocal polarization rotation, Bessel vortex beam generation, and orbital angular momentum multiplexing.
Determining X-Ray Source Intensity and Confidence Bounds in Crowded Fields
Creators: name: Primini, F. A.
name: Kashyap, V. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a rigorous description of the general problem of aperture photometry in high energy astrophysics photon-count images, in which the statistical noise model is Poisson, not Gaussian. We compute the full posterior probability density function for the expected source intensity for various cases of interest, including the important cases in which both source and background apertures contain contributions from the source, and when multiple source apertures partially overlap. A Bayesian approach offers the advantages that it allows one to (a) include explicit prior information on source intensities, (b) propagate posterior distributions as priors for future observations, and (c) use Poisson likelihoods, making the treatment valid in the low counts regime. Elements of this approach have been implemented in the Chandra Source Catalog.
description: 32 pages, 12 figures. Fixed typos and incorrect statement at end of 4.2.3. Results unchanged
Mean field theory of assortative networks of phase oscillators
Creators: name: Restrepo, Juan G.
name: Ott, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Employing the Kuramoto model as an illustrative example, we show how the use of the mean field approximation can be applied to large networks of phase oscillators with assortativity. We then use the ansatz of Ott and Antonsen [Chaos 19, 037113 (2008)] to reduce the mean field kinetic equations to a system of ordinary differential equations. The resulting formulation is illustrated by application to a network Kuramoto problem with degree assortativity and correlation between the node degrees and the natural oscillation frequencies. Good agreement is found between the solutions of the reduced set of ordinary differential equations obtained from our theory and full simulations of the system. These results highlight the ability of our method to capture all the phase transitions (bifurcations) and system attractors. One interesting result is that degree assortativity can induce transitions from a steady macroscopic state to a temporally oscillating macroscopic state through both (presumed) Hopf and SNIPER (saddle-node, infinite period) bifurcations. Possible use of these techniques to a broad class of phase oscillator network problems is discussed.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Virtual Manufacturing in Industry 4.0, A Review
Creators: name: Soori, Mohsen
name: Arezoo, Behrooz
name: Dastres, Roza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Virtual manufacturing is one of the key components of Industry 4.0, the fourth industrial revolution, in improving manufacturing processes. Virtual manufacturing enables manufacturers to optimize their production processes using real-time data from sensors and other connected devices in Industry 4.0. Web-based virtual manufacturing platforms are a critical component of Industry 4.0, enabling manufacturers to design, test, and optimize their processes collaboratively and efficiently. In Industry 4.0, radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is used to provide real-time visibility and control of the supply chain as well as to enable the automation of various manufacturing processes. Big data analytics can be used in conjunction with virtual manufacturing to provide valuable insights and optimize production processes in Industry 4.0. Artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual manufacturing have the potential to enhance the effectiveness, consistency, and adaptability of manufacturing processes, resulting in faster production cycles, better-quality products, and lower prices. Recent developments in the application of virtual manufacturing systems to digital manufacturing platforms from different perspectives, such as the Internet of Things, big data analytics, additive manufacturing, autonomous robots, cybersecurity, and RFID technology in Industry 4.0, are discussed in this study to analyze and develop the part manufacturing process in Industry 4.0. The limitations and advantages of virtual manufacturing systems in Industry 4.0 are discussed, and future research projects are also proposed. Thus, productivity in the part manufacturing process can be enhanced by reviewing and analyzing the applications of virtual manufacturing in Industry 4.0.
OpenAIRE český národní workshop 2020: Úvodní slovo
Creators: name: Hnátková, Eva
name: Rygelová, Pavla
name: Růžička, Michal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Účastníky OpenAIRE národního workshopu 2020 přivítá Pavla Rygelová, velmi aktivní propagátorka a hybatelka Open Science v ČR, členka VV AKVŠ a Iniciativy OA; Eva Hnátková, která je odpovědná za celou šíři Open Science agendy v NTK; a Michal Růžička, vedoucího českého národního kontaktního bodu OpenAIRE pro Open Science.
Dynamic Hubbard model for solids with hydrogen-like atoms
Creators: name: Hirsch, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss how to construct a tight binding model Hamiltonan for the simplest possible solid, composed of hydrogen-like atoms. A single orbital per atom is not sufficient because the on-site electron-electron repulsion mixes in higher energy orbitals. The essential physics is captured by a dynamic Hubbard model with one electronic orbital and an auxiliary spin degree of freedom per site. We point out that this physics can lead to a substantial shift in the position and width of electronic energy bands relative to what is predicted by conventional band structure calculations.
description: Some changes in response to referees' comments
Design, synthesis and antitumor evaluation of novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines incorporating different amino acid conjugates as potential DHFR inhibitors
Creators: name: Salem, Ibrahim M.
name: Mostafa, Samia M.
name: Salama, Ismail
name: El-Sabbagh, Osama I.
name: Hegazy, Wael A. H.
name: Ibrahim, Tarek S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of simultaneous inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme. We designed some novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines bearing different amino acid conjugates as efficient antifolate agents attributable to their structural similarity with methotrexate (MTX) and MTX-related antifolates. All compounds were tested to screen their enzymatic inhibition against DHFR compared with the reference drug MTX and for their in vitro antitumor cytotoxicity against six MTX-resistant cancer cell lines. The flow cytometry indicated that the most potent compound 7f arrested MCF-7 cells in the S-phase and induced apoptosis. Western blot for visualisation proved the ability of compound 7f to induce the expression of proapoptotic caspases and Bax proteins in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line beside its ability to diminish the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Molecular modelling studies concluded that compound 7f displayed better binding energy than that of the normal ligand MTX. HIGHLIGHTSNew pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives 7a–m which are structurally similar to the classical methotrexate (MTX) and MTX-related antifolates were synthesised as antitumor agents.Novel N-acyl amino acid compound 7f exhibited marked DHFR inhibition activity that are parralel to both the molecular docking results and cytotoxic activity.Compound 7f could induce the expression of proapoptotic caspases and Bax proteins in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line beside its ability to diminish the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein.All prepared compounds obey Lipinski rule of five except compound 7f. New pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives 7a–m which are structurally similar to the classical methotrexate (MTX) and MTX-related antifolates were synthesised as antitumor agents. Novel N-acyl amino acid compound 7f exhibited marked DHFR inhibition activity that are parralel to both the molecular docking results and cytotoxic activity. Compound 7f could induce the expression of proapoptotic caspases and Bax proteins in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line beside its ability to diminish the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein. All prepared compounds obey Lipinski rule of five except compound 7f.
Should we believe the results of UV-mm galaxy SED modelling?
Creators: name: Hayward, Christopher C.
name: Smith, Daniel J. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy spectral energy distribution (SED) modelling is a powerful tool, but constraining how well it is able to infer the true values for galaxy properties (e.g. the star formation rate, SFR) is difficult because independent determinations are often not available. However, galaxy simulations can provide a means of testing SED modelling techniques. Here, we present a numerical experiment in which we apply the SED modelling code MAGPHYS to ultraviolet (UV)--millimetre (mm) synthetic photometry generated from hydrodynamical simulations of an isolated disc galaxy and a major galaxy merger by performing three-dimensional dust radiative transfer. We compare the properties inferred from the SED modelling with the true values and find that MAGPHYS recovers most physical parameters of the simulated galaxies well. In particular, it recovers consistent parameters irrespective of the viewing angle, with smoothly varying results for neighbouring time steps of the simulation, even though each viewing angle and time step is modelled independently. The notable exception to this rule occurs when we use an SMC-type intrinsic dust extinction curve in the radiative transfer calculations. In this case, the two-component dust model used by MAGPHYS is unable to effectively correct for the attenuation of the simulated galaxies, which leads to potentially significant errors (although we obtain only marginally acceptable fits in this case). Overall, our results give confidence in the ability of SED modelling to infer physical properties of galaxies, albeit with some caveats.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; no changes from v1
Open Science na národní úrovni
Creators: name: Hnátková, Eva
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: otevřený přístup
vědecké informace
národní strategie
Národní technická knihovna
Česká republika
Open Science
Electronic Information Resources
National Strategy
National Library of Technology
Czech Republic

description: Open Science je zastřešující termín pro mnoho nových praktik, které mění dosavadní způsob, jakým se vědecký výzkum dělá, komunikuje a hodnotí. Digitální technologie a nástroje ve 21. století umožňují spolupráci a sdílení výsledků i dat ve všech fázích výzkumného procesu. Užitečnost vědeckých poznatků je omezená, pokud tyto znalosti nejsou ostatním otevřeně sdělovány. V přednášce se dozvíte více.
A Tale of Three Galaxies: Anomalous Dust Properties in IRASF10398+1455, IRASF21013-0739 and SDSSJ0808+3948
Creators: name: Xie, Yanxia
name: Hao, Lei
name: Li, Aigen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On a galactic scale the 9.7um silicate emission is usually only seen in type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs). They usually also display a flat emission continuum at ~5--8um and the absence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission bands. In contrast, starburst galaxies, luminous infrared (IR) galaxies (LIRGs), and ultraluminous IR galaxies (ULIRGs) exhibit a red 5--8um emission continuum, strong 10um and 18um silicate absorption features, and strong PAH emission bands. Here we report the detection of anomalous dust properties by Spitzer/Infrared Spectrograph in three galaxies (IRASF10398+1455, IRASF21013-0739 and SDSSJ0808+3948) which are characterized by the simultaneous detection of a red 5--8um emission continuum, the 9.7 and 18um silicate emission features as well as strong PAH emission bands. These apparently contradictory dust IR emission properties are discussed in terms of iron-poor silicate composition, carbon dust deficit, small grain size and low dust temperature in the young AGN phase of these three galaxies.
description: accepted for publication in ApJL
Additional file 6 of EGFR-dependent aerotaxis is a common trait of breast tumour cells
Creators: name: Mikaelian, Ivan
name: Gadet, Rudy
name: Deygas, Mathieu
name: Bertolino, Philippe
name: Hennino, Anca
name: Gillet, Germain
name: Rimokh, Ruth
name: Berremila, Sid-Ali
name: Péoc’h, Michel
name: Gonzalo, Philippe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Supplementary Material 6
Laphria (Lamyra)
Creators: name: Lowe, H
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1851
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae
Laphria

description: Laphria (Lamyra) Den Atomosia -Arten steht im Flügelgeäder, aber sonst in keinem Stücke, eine Untergattung nahe, welche ich Lamyra nenne und auf eine durch ihre sehr abweichende Körperform ausgezeichnete Laphria aus Port Natal begründe.
description: Published as part of Lowe, H, 1851, Laphria (Lamyra) Loew, pp. 19 in ProgrammKaiserlicheRealschule zu Meseritz 1851 on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15453
Temperature and Entropy Profiles to the Virial Radius of Abell 1246 Cluster Observed with Suzaku
Creators: name: Sato, K.
name: Matsushita, K.
name: Yamasaki, N. Y.
name: Sasaki, S.
name: Ohashi, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report properties of the intracluster medium (ICM) in Abell~1246 to the virial radius ($r_{200}$) and further outside as observed with Suzaku. The ICM emission is clearly detected to $r_{200}$, and we derive profiles of electron temperature, density, entropy, and cluster mass based on the spectral analysis. The temperature shows variation from $\sim 7$ keV at the central region to $\sim 2.5$ keV around $r_{200}$. The total mass in $r_{500}$ is $(4.3 \pm 0.4) \times 10^{14}~M_{\odot}$, assuming hydrostatic equilibrium. At $r>r_{500}$, the hydrostatic mass starts to decline and we, therefore, employ the total mass within $r_{200}$ based on weak-lens mass profile obtained from a sample of lower mass clusters. This yields the gas mass fraction at $r_{200}$ consistent with the cosmic baryon fraction, i.e. $\sim 17$%. The entropy profile indicates a flatter slope than that of the numerical simulation, particularly in $r>r_{500}$. These tendencies are similar to those of other clusters observed with Suzaku. We detect no significant ICM emission outside of $r_{200}$, and $2σ$ upper limits of redshifted OVII and OVIII line intensities are constrained to be less than 2.9 and $5.6\times 10^{-7}$ photons cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ arcmin$^{-2}$, respectively. The OVII line upper limit indicates $n_{\rm H}< 4.7\times 10^{-5}$ cm$^{-3}$ ($Z/0.2~Z_{\odot}$)$^{-1/2}$ ($L/20~{\rm Mpc}$)$^{-1/2}$, which corresponds to an overdensity, $δ<160$ ($Z/0.2~Z_{\odot}$)$^{-1/2}$ ($L/20~{\rm Mpc}$)$^{-1/2}$.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, PASJ in press
Inferring Synaptic Structure in presence of Neural Interaction Time Scales
Creators: name: Capone, Cristiano
name: Filosa, Carla
name: Gigante, Guido
name: Ricci-Tersenghi, Federico
name: del Giudice, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Biological networks display a variety of activity patterns reflecting a web of interactions that is complex both in space and time. Yet inference methods have mainly focused on reconstructing, from the network's activity, the spatial structure, by assuming equilibrium conditions or, more recently, a probabilistic dynamics with a single arbitrary time-step. Here we show that, under this latter assumption, the inference procedure fails to reconstruct the synaptic matrix of a network of integrate-and-fire neurons when the chosen time scale of interaction does not closely match the synaptic delay or when no single time scale for the interaction can be identified; such failure, moreover, exposes a distinctive bias of the inference method that can lead to infer as inhibitory the excitatory synapses with interaction time scales longer than the model's time-step. We therefore introduce a new two-step method, that first infers through cross-correlation profiles the delay-structure of the network and then reconstructs the synaptic matrix, and successfully test it on networks with different topologies and in different activity regimes. Although step one is able to accurately recover the delay-structure of the network, thus getting rid of any \textit{a priori} guess about the time scales of the interaction, the inference method introduces nonetheless an arbitrary time scale, the time-bin $dt$ used to binarize the spike trains. We therefore analytically and numerically study how the choice of $dt$ affects the inference in our network model, finding that the relationship between the inferred couplings and the real synaptic efficacies, albeit being quadratic in both cases, depends critically on $dt$ for the excitatory synapses only, whilst being basically independent of it for the inhibitory ones.
title: Zwischen ethnischen «Säuberungen» und einem Militärputsch: Warum die Entsendung von Schweizer Präsidentenberatern nach Ruanda 1973 in Kritik geriet
Creators: name: Marquart, Chantal
Publisher: name: Diplomatische Dokumente der Schweiz (Dodis)
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: FOS: History and archaeology
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: Saggi di Dodis 3 (2021/5)
description: Ruanda wurde kurz nach seiner Unabhängigkeit 1962 zu einem Schwerpunktland der schweizerischen Entwicklungshilfe. Neben der konventionellen entwicklungspolitischen Zusammenarbeit entsandte die Schweiz auch Diplomaten, die dem ruandischen Präsidenten als wirtschaftliche und juristische Berater zur Verfügung standen. 1973 kam es in Ruanda nicht nur zu ethnischen «Säuberungen», sondern auch zu einem Militärputsch. 1975 stellte die Schweiz die Entsendung von Präsidentenberatern nach Ruanda ein. In diesem Artikel wird nachgezeichnet, wie es zum Ende der intern als Prestigeprojekt bezeichneten Entsendung von Präsidentenberatern kam. Dabei wird deutlich, dass nicht nur finanzielle und personelle Engpässe zu diesem Entscheid führten, sondern auch die Angst davor, dass man der Schweiz zu viel Nähe zum ruandischen Militärregime nachsagen könnte. Humanitäre Überlegungen, die aufgrund der Ereignisse ebenfalls zu erwarten gewesen wären, spielten demgegenüber eine weniger bedeutende Rolle
description: Shortly after its independence in 1962, Rwanda became a priority country for Swiss development aid. In addition to conventional development policy cooperation, Switzerland also sent diplomats to serve the Rwandan president as economic and legal advisors. In 1973, Rwanda ex‐ perienced ethnic «cleansing» as well as a military coup. In 1975, Switzerland stopped sending presidential advisors to Rwanda. This article traces how the deployment of presidential advisors, internally described as a prestige project, came to an end. It is shown that this decision was not only met because of financial and personnel limitations, but out of the fear that Switzerland could be accused of being too close to the Rwandan military regime. In contrast, humanitarian considerations, which would also have been expected based on the events, seem to have played a less important role.
Abrupt permafrost thaw accelerates carbon dioxide and methane release at a tussock tundra site
Creators: name: Rodenhizer, Heidi
name: Belshe, Fay
name: Celis, Gerardo
name: Ledman, Justin
name: Mauritz, Marguerite
name: Goetz, Scott
name: Sankey, Temuulen
name: Schuur, Edward A.G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Abrupt thaw could cause permafrost ecosystems to release more carbon than is predicted from gradual thaw alone. However, thermokarst feature mapping is limited in scope, and observed responses of carbon fluxes to abrupt thaw are variable. We developed a thermokarst detection algorithm that identifies thermokarst features from a single elevation dataset with 71.5 percent accuracy and applied it in Healy, Alaska. Additionally, we investigated the landscape-level variation in carbon dioxide and methane fluxes by extent of abrupt thaw using eddy covariance. Seven percent of the site was classified as thermokarst. Water tracks were the most extensive form of thermokarst, although small pits were much more numerous. Abrupt thaw was positively correlated with carbon uptake during the growing season, when increases in gross primary productivity outpaced increases in ecosystem respiration in vegetation-dense water tracks. However, this was outweighed by higher carbon release in thermokarst features during the nongrowing season. Additionally, abrupt thaw was positively correlated with methane production nearly year-round. Our findings support the hypothesis that abrupt thaw of permafrost carbon will contribute to the permafrost climate feedback above and beyond that associated with gradual thaw and highlights the need to map thermokarst and incorporate abrupt thaw into Earth System Models.