cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Reporting results succinctly
Creators: name: CELESTIN BILONG MBANGTANG, JNR
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This presentation covers the essential skills for reporting research results succinctly. Comprising 12 slides, it provides key tips for effective reporting, the appropriate use of tables and figures, common pitfalls to avoid, and valuable online tools tailored to various research types.

This work culminates in emphasizing on what truly matters: crafting a solid research question based on the FINER criteria, selecting an appropriate study design, and employing rigorous methodology.

Presented as part of an online research methodology course offered by the British Medical Journal in collaboration with the University of California San Francisco, this work was made possible through a scholarship from MARS, a medical agency for research and statistics operating across the Middle East, Gulf, Europe, and North America.

You can watch the oral presentation here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4V-dm1ZT1os
Time-dependent information transmission in a model regulatory circuit
Creators: name: Mancini, F.
name: Wiggins, Chris H.
name: Marsili, M.
name: Walczak, Aleksandra. M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many biological regulatory systems respond with a physiological delay when processing signals. A simple model of regulation which respects these features shows how the ability of a delayed output to transmit information is limited: at short times by the time scale of the dynamic input, at long times by that of the dynamic output. We find that topologies of maximally informative networks correspond to commonly occurring biological circuits linked to stress response and that circuits functioning out of steady state may exploit absorbing states to transmit information optimally.
Assessing bowel preparation quality using the mean number of adenomas per colonoscopy
Creators: name: Hillyer, Grace A.
name: Lebwohl, Benjamin
name: Rosenberg, Richard M.
name: Neugut, Alfred I.
name: Wolf, Randi
name: Basch, Corey H.
name: Mata, Jennie
name: Hernandez, Edwin
name: Corley, Douglas A.
name: Shea, Steven J. C.
name: Basch, Charles E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Epidemiology

description: Introduction: The quality of the bowel preparation directly influences colonoscopy effectiveness. Quality indicators are widely employed to monitor operator performance and to gauge colonoscopy effectiveness. Some have suggested that the enumeration of the mean number of adenomas per colonoscopy (MNA) may be a more useful measure of bowel preparation quality, but evidence of the utility of this metric is limited. The relationship between bowel preparation quality and MNA was assessed.

Methods: Records of adult patients, aged 50–74 years, who had undergone a screening colonoscopy in a 6 month period at a hospital-based endoscopy suite in New York City were examined. Excluded were those who were symptomatic or having a colonoscopy for surveillance. Patient and procedural characteristics and clinical findings were abstracted from the endoscopy database. Bowel preparation quality was recorded as excellent, good, fair and poor. Histology and size of polyps removed were gathered from pathology reports. MNA was calculated and incident rate ratios assessing the relationship between bowel preparation quality, MNA, and covariates was calculated using Poisson regression.

Results: A total of 2422 colonoscopies were identified; 815 (33.6%) were screening colonoscopies among average risk individuals, 50–74 years; 203 (24.9%) had ≥1 adenomas; and 666 (81.7%) had excellent/good preparation quality. Overall MNA was 0.34 [standard deviation (SD) 0.68] and MNA was greater among those >60 years [incident rate ratio (IRR) 1.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48–2.42), males (IRR 1.60, 95%CI 1.26–2.04) and those with good bowel preparation (IRR 2.54, 95%CI 1.04–6.16). Among those with ≥1 adenomas, MNA was 1.48 (SD 1.05) for excellent and 1.00 (SD 0.00) for poor quality preparation (p = 0.55).

Conclusions: We found that MNA is sensitive to changes in bowel preparation with higher MNA among those with good bowel preparation compared with those with poor preparation. Our evidence suggests MNA was particularly sensitive when restricted to only those in whom adenomas were seen.
A Generalized Hypergreedy Algorithm for Weighted Perfect Matching
Creators: name: Imielinska, Celina Z.
name: Kalantari, Bahman
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Computer science
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a generalization of the hypergreedy algorithm for minimum weight perfect matching on a complete edge weighted graph whose weights satisfy the triangle inequality.
BOSHLANG'ICH SINF O`QUVCHILARIDA GEOGRAFIK TUSHUNCHALARNI TAKOMILLASHTIRISHNING METODOLOGIK ASOSI
Creators: name: Shonazarova, Sevara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ushbu maqolada boshlang'ich ta`limda  geografik tushunchalarni shakllantirishning didaktik imkoniyatlari, boshlang'ich maktab geografiyasining mazmunini zamon talablariga mos ravishda yanada takomillashtirish, uning markaziy vazifasi ta'lim faoliyatini shakllantirish, umumta'lim maktablarida geografiyani o'qitish jarayonida maktab o'quvchilarining ta'lim faoliyati, geografiya o'qitishni yangi pedagogik va va axborot texnologiyalarini ishlab chiqish va amalda qo'llash, geografik ekskursiyalar, tadqiqotlar o'tkazish texnologiyasini yanada takomillashtirish, geografik ta'lim mazmunining o'ziga xos xususiyatlari haqida so'z yuritiladi.
Dead layer on silicon p-i-n diode charged-particle detectors
Creators: name: Wall, B. L.
name: Amsbaugh, J. F.
name: Beglarian, A.
name: Bergmann, T.
name: Bichsel, H. C.
name: Bodine, L. I.
name: Boyd, N. M.
name: Burritt, T. H.
name: Chaoui, Z.
name: Corona, T. J.
name: Doe, P. J.
name: Enomoto, S.
name: Harms, F.
name: Harper, G. C.
name: Howe, M. A.
name: Martin, E. L.
name: Parno, D. S.
name: Peterson, D. A.
name: Petzold, L.
name: Renschler, P.
name: Robertson, R. G. H.
name: Schwarz, J.
name: Steidl, M.
name: Van Wechel, T. D.
name: VanDevender, B. A.
name: Wüstling, S.
name: Wierman, K. J.
name: Wilkerson, J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Semiconductor detectors in general have a dead layer at their surfaces that is either a result of natural or induced passivation, or is formed during the process of making a contact. Charged particles passing through this region produce ionization that is incompletely collected and recorded, which leads to departures from the ideal in both energy deposition and resolution. The silicon \textit{p-i-n} diode used in the KATRIN neutrino-mass experiment has such a dead layer. We have constructed a detailed Monte Carlo model for the passage of electrons from vacuum into a silicon detector, and compared the measured energy spectra to the predicted ones for a range of energies from 12 to 20 keV. The comparison provides experimental evidence that a substantial fraction of the ionization produced in the "dead" layer evidently escapes by diffusion, with 46% being collected in the depletion zone and the balance being neutralized at the contact or by bulk recombination. The most elementary model of a thinner dead layer from which no charge is collected is strongly disfavored.
description: Manuscript submitted to NIM A
Clumps and Axisymmetric Features in Debris Discs
Creators: name: Jiang, Ing-Guey
name: Yeh, Li-Chin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper studied the structures of debris discs, focusing on the conditions that can form an axisymmetric-looking outer disc from systems with inner clumps. The main conclusion was that as long as the dominated dust grains are smaller than the blowout size, it is easy to form an axisymmetric-looking outer debris disc, which is part of a quasi-steady state of the whole system. This quasi-steady state is established through the balance between grain generations and a continuous out-going grain flow. Assuming there is an event that starts planetesimal collisions and the corresponding grain generations, this balance can be approached in a few thousand years. This result suggested that a quasi-steady-state picture could solve the possible mass budget problem of Vega's outer debris disc.
description: published in MNRAS 2011, presented as part of an invited review in East Asia Numerical Astrophysics Meeting 2012, Kyoto, Japan
Varizella zoster Impfung in Bayern. Entwicklung der Varizellen-Impfraten, Akzeptanz der Impfung und Auswirkungen auf Varizellenerkrankungen und -komplikationen in den ersten sieben Jahren nach Einführung der allgemeinen Varizellenimpfung
Creators: name: Hagemann, Christine
Publisher: name: Universität Bielefeld
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610

description: **Hintergrund:** Varizelleninfektionen (Windpocken) betreffen meist Kinder im Vorschulalter und verlaufen in der Regel selbstlimitierend und unkompliziert. Jedoch treten auch bei ansonsten gesunden Kindern schwerwiegende Verläufe und vereinzelte Todesfälle auf. Um die Krankheitslast von Varizellen zu reduzieren, wird in Deutschland seit 2004 die allgemeine Varizellenimpfung für Kleinkinder empfohlen.

 **Fragestellungen und Methoden:** Nach Empfehlung der allgemeinen Varizellenimpfung wurden Impfraten, Inzidenzen und Komplikationsraten in den ersten sieben Jahren nach Einführung untersucht. Mittels jährlicher Elternbefragungen in München und Würzburg wurden Varizellenimpfraten sowie mögliche Einflussfaktoren erhoben. Zur Inzidenzabschätzung wurden Varizelleninfektionen und -komplikationen sowie verabreichte Impfdosen in Kinderarztpraxen in München und Würzburg über eine monatliche Abfrage erfasst. Als letzte Säule der Impfsurveillance wurden jährlich Varizellen-assoziierte Krankenhausentlassungsdiagnosen in Bayerischen Kinderkrankenhäusern abgefragt.

 **Ergebnisse:** Die Impfraten (1. Dosis) von Kindern im Alter zwischen 18 und 36 Monaten stiegen in München von 38% (2006) auf 68% (2011) und in Würzburg von 72% (2009) auf 83% (2011). Der einzige durchgehend nachweisbare Einflussfaktor auf die Impfakzeptanz war die Empfehlung der Impfung durch den Kinderarzt, mit einem stärkeren Einfluss in Würzburg. Auch der Besuch einer Kita hatte einen positiven Einfluss auf die Varizellenimpfraten. Mit steigenden Impfraten sank die Inzidenz von Varizellenerkrankungen bei unter 17-Jährigen um 77%, von 26 Fällen je 1.000 Kinder in 2006/07 auf 6 Fälle je 1.000 Kinder in 2010/11. Varizellen-assoziierte Komplikationen bei hospitalisierten Kindern unter 17 Jahren nahmen zwischen 2005 und 2011 um 77% ab, mit der größten Reduktion um 90% bei Kindern unter 5 Jahren.

 **Diskussion:** Bei einer zunehmenden Durchimpfung von Kindern gegen Varizellen wurde eine Abnahme der Erkrankungen in Kinderarztpraxen und von komplizierten Verläufen bei hospitalisierten Kindern beobachtet. Obwohl die Impfraten noch unter der von der WHO empfohlenen Impfrate von ≤80% lagen, wurde bereits eine Reduktion der Krankheitslast von Varizellen erreicht. Verschiedene Einflussfaktoren wirken dabei auf die elterliche Akzeptanz der neu eingeführten allgemeinen Varizellenimpfung: Am stärksten wirkte die Empfehlung des Kinderarztes, sowie der Besuch einer Kindertagesbetreuung. Negativ wirkte in einigen Studienjahren und Regionen eine hohe Schulbildung der Eltern, jedoch war dies nicht konsistent in allen Jahren nachweisbar.
Fecal-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening Among the Uninsured in Northern Manhattan
Creators: name: Hillyer, Grace A.
name: Schmitt, Karen M.
name: Freedberg, Daniel E.
name: Kramer, Rachel A.
name: Su, Yin
name: Rosenberg, Richard M.
name: Neugut, Alfred I.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Oncology
Epidemiology

description: Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening reduces CRC mortality; however, for many reasons, uninsured individuals are less likely to utilize CRC screening tests.

Purpose
To compare CRC screening behaviors and outcomes with guaiac fecal occult blood testing (gFOBT) from 1998 to 2006 and fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) from 2006 to 2010 in a community-based program serving uninsured patients in northern Manhattan.

Methods
In 2013, we conducted a retrospective record review of individuals aged ≥50 years who received fecal-based CRC screening at the Northern Manhattan Cancer Screening Partnership between 1998 and 2010. Included were those with household income ≤250% of the federal poverty level, no medical insurance coverage, and who were not up to date with CRC screening. We assessed screening positivity rate, positive predictive value, differences in the use of diagnostic colonoscopy, colonoscopic findings, and adenoma detection rates for gFOBT versus FIT.

Results
In total, 7,710 patients completed CRC screenings (4,951 gFOBT and 2,759 FIT). The majority were female, Hispanic, foreign born, and young at age of first screening. Compared to gFOBT, FIT detected twice as many positive tests (3.2% vs 1.5%, p≤0.001) and had a higher adenoma detection rate (18.2 vs 11.8, p=0.002).

Conclusions
The improved positivity and adenoma detection rates with greater number of screening tests over time favor the use of FIT over gFOBT for colorectal screening among uninsured populations in northern Manhattan.
When do Local Operations and Classical Communication Suffice for Two-Qubit State Discrimination?
Creators: name: Chitambar, Eric
name: Duan, Runyao
name: Hsieh, Min-Hsiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider the conditions under which a given ensemble of two-qubit states can be optimally distinguished by local operations and classical communication (LOCC). We begin by completing the \emph{perfect} distinguishability problem of two-qubit ensembles - both for separable operations and LOCC - by providing necessary and sufficient conditions for the perfect discrimination of one pure and one mixed state. Then for the well-known task of minimum error discrimination, it is shown that \textit{almost all} two-qubit ensembles consisting of three pure states cannot be optimally discriminated using LOCC. This is surprising considering that \textit{any} two pure states can be distinguished optimally by LOCC. Special attention is given to ensembles that lack entanglement, and we prove an easy sufficient condition for when a set of three product states cannot be optimally distinguished by LOCC, thus providing new examples of the phenomenon known as "non-locality without entanglement". We next consider an example of $N$ parties who each share the same state but who are ignorant of its identity. The state is drawn from the rotationally invariant "trine ensemble", and we establish a tight connection between the $N$-copy ensemble and Shor's "lifted" single-copy ensemble. For any finite $N$, we prove that optimal identification of the states cannot be achieved by LOCC; however as $N\to\infty$, LOCC can indeed discriminate the states optimally. This is the first result of its kind. Finally, we turn to the task of unambiguous discrimination and derive new lower bounds on the LOCC inconclusive probability for symmetric states. When applied to the double trine ensemble, this leads to a rather different distinguishability character than when the minimum-error probability is considered.
Flexive and Propulsive Dynamics of Elastica at Low Reynolds Number
Creators: name: Wiggins, Chris H.
name: Goldstein, Raymond E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A stiff one-armed swimmer in glycerine goes nowhere. However, if its arm is elastic, the swimmer can go on its way. Quantifying this observation, we study a hyperdiffusion equation for the shape of the elastica in a viscous fluid, find solutions for impulsive or oscillatory forcing, and elucidate relevant aspects of propulsion. These results have application in a variety of physical and biological contexts, from dynamic experiments measuring biopolymer bending moduli to instabilities of twisted elastic filaments.
Dynamic Patterns and Self-Knotting of a Driven Hanging Chain
Creators: name: Belmonte, Andrew
name: Shelley, Michael J.
name: Eldakar, Shaden T.
name: Wiggins, Chris H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Biophysics

description: When shaken vertically, a hanging chain displays a startling variety of distinct behaviors. We find experimentally that instabilities occur in tonguelike bands of parameter space, to swinging or rotating pendular motion, or to chaotic states. Mathematically, the dynamics are described by a nonlinear wave equation. A linear stability analysis predicts instabilities within the well-known resonance tongues; their boundaries agree very well with experiment. Full simulations of the 3D dynamics reproduce and elucidate many aspects of the experiment. The chain is also observed to tie knots in itself, some quite complex. This is beyond the reach of the current analysis and simulations.
Learning ‘‘graph-mer’’ Motifs that Predict Gene Expression Trajectories in Development
Creators: name: Li, Xuejing
name: Panea, Casandra
name: Wiggins, Chris H.
name: Reinke, Valerie
name: Leslie, Christina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A key problem in understanding transcriptional regulatory networks is deciphering what cis regulatory logic is encoded in gene promoter sequences and how this sequence information maps to expression. A typical computational approach to this problem involves clustering genes by their expression profiles and then searching for overrepresented motifs in the promoter sequences of genes in a cluster. However, genes with similar expression profiles may be controlled by distinct regulatory programs. Moreover, if many gene expression profiles in a data set are highly correlated, as in the case of whole organism developmental time series, it may be difficult to resolve fine-grained clusters in the first place. We present a predictive framework for modeling the natural flow of information, from promoter sequence to expression, to learn cis regulatory motifs and characterize gene expression patterns in developmental time courses. We introduce a cluster-free algorithm based on a graph-regularized version of partial least squares (PLS) regression to learn sequence patterns—represented by graphs of k-mers, or “graph-mers”—that predict gene expression trajectories. Applying the approach to wildtype germline development in Caenorhabditis elegans, we found that the first and second latent PLS factors mapped to expression profiles for oocyte and sperm genes, respectively. We extracted both known and novel motifs from the graph-mers associated to these germline-specific patterns, including novel CG-rich motifs specific to oocyte genes. We found evidence supporting the functional relevance of these putative regulatory elements through analysis of positional bias, motif conservation and in situ gene expression. This study demonstrates that our regression model can learn biologically meaningful latent structure and identify potentially functional motifs from subtle developmental time course expression data.
Bayesian Approach to Network Modularity
Creators: name: Mugler, Andrew
name: Wiggins, Chris H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present an efficient, principled, and interpretable technique for inferring module assignments and for identifying the optimal number of modules in a given network. We show how several existing methods for finding modules can be described as variant, special, or limiting cases of our work, and how the method overcomes the resolution limit problem, accurately recovering the true number of modules. Our approach is based on Bayesian methods for model selection which have been used with success for almost a century, implemented using a variational technique developed only in the past decade. We apply the technique to synthetic and real networks and outline how the method naturally allows selection among competing models.
Analysis of Particle Transfer by Periodic Lattice Modulation for Ultracold Fermionic Atom Systems in Three Dimensional Optical Lattice
Creators: name: Inoue, Motoyoshi
name: Nakamura, Yusuke
name: yamanaka, Yoshiya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a ultracold fermionic atom system in a three dimensional optical lattice with a confinement harmonic potential, using the Hubbard model, and time-dependent Gutzwiller variational approach for numerical calculation. Our study is focused on the time evolution of the particle transfer when the lattice potential is modulated by adding a periodic one. The choice of the parameters such as the modulation frequency and amplitude and the particle number affects the particle transfer. We calculate the time evolution of the variance in the particle distribution, and show its dependence on the parameters. The lattice modulation turns out to work effectively in order to control the particle transfer, and will be a useful method in experiments for fermionic atom systems.
description: 14pages, 11figures
Supplementary Methods and Results from Environmental, sex-specific and genetic determinants of infant social behaviour in a wild primate
Creators: name: Lange, Elizabeth C.
name: Griffin, Madison
name: Fogel, Arielle S.
name: Archie, Elizabeth A.
name: Tung, Jenny
name: Alberts, Susan C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310901
subject: Animal behaviour

description: Affiliative social bonds are linked to fitness components in many social mammals. However, despite their importance, little is known about how the tendency to form social bonds develops in young animals, or if the timing of development is heritable and thus can evolve. Using four decades of longitudinal observational data from a wild baboon population, we assessed the environmental determinants of an important social developmental milestone in baboons—the age at which a young animal first grooms a conspecific—and we assessed how the rates at which offspring groom their mothers develops during the juvenile period. We found that grooming development differs between the sexes: female infants groom at an earlier age and reach equal rates of grooming with their mother earlier than males. We also found that age at first grooming for both sexes is weakly heritable (h2 = 0.043, 95% CI: 0.002–0.110). These results show that sex differences in grooming emerge at a young age; that strong, equitable social relationships between mothers and daughters begin very early in life; and that age at first grooming is heritable and therefore can be shaped by natural selection.
Variations of the cosmic ray composition at energy above 0.1 EeV as observed by muon detectors of Yakutsk array
Creators: name: Glushkov, A. V.
name: Sabourov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lateral distribution of muons with ~1.0x\sec(θ) GeV in extensive air showers within ~10^{17}-10^{19} eV energy region obtained during different observational periods from November 1987 to June 2013 has been analyzed. Experimental data have been compared to predictions of various hadron interaction models. The best agreement is observed with QGSJETII-04. Until 1996, the mass composition of cosmic rays with energy below 2x10^{18} eV was significantly lighter than in later periods.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1310.0561
Data and experiment from: Investigating the attentional focus to workplace-related soundscapes in a complex audio-visual-motor task using EEG
Creators: name: Rosenkranz, Marc
name: Bleichner, Martin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: electroencephalography
auditory attention
event related potential
temporal response function

description: The experiment, data, and script from the study: Investigating the attentional focus to workplace-related soundscapes in a complex audio-visual-motor task using EEG. "tetris3d_surgery.zip" contains the experiment "mar_game.zip" contains the script and data to reproduce the statistical analyses and figures. Further description can be found in the files.
Spectral solutions to stochastic models of gene expression with bursts and regulation
Creators: name: Mugler, Andrew
name: Walczak, Aleksandra M.
name: Wiggins, Chris H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Signal-processing molecules inside cells are often present at low copy number, which necessitates probabilistic models to account for intrinsic noise. Probability distributions have traditionally been found using simulation-based approaches which then require estimating the distributions from many samples. Here we present in detail an alternative method for directly calculating a probability distribution by expanding in the natural eigenfunctions of the governing equation, which is linear. We apply the resulting spectral method to three general models of stochastic gene expression: a single gene with multiple expression states (often used as a model of bursting in the limit of two states), a gene regulatory cascade, and a combined model of bursting and regulation. In all cases we find either analytic results or numerical prescriptions that greatly outperform simulations in efficiency and accuracy. In the last case, we show that bimodal response in the limit of slow switching is not only possible but optimal in terms of information transmission.
Open Cluster Evolutions in Binary System: How They Dissolved
Creators: name: Priyatikanto, Rhorom
name: Arifyanto, M. Ikbal
name: Wulandari, Hesti R. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binarity among stellar clusters in galaxy is such a reality which has been realized for a long time, but still hides several questions and problems to be solved. Some of binary star clusters are formed by close encounter, but the others are formed together from similar womb. Some of them undergo separation process, while the others are in the middle of merger toward common future. The products of merger binary star cluster have typical characteristics which differ from solo clusters, especially in their spatial distribution and their stellar members kinematics. On the other hand, these merger products still have to face dissolving processes triggered by both internal and external factors. In this study, we performed N-body simulations of merger binary clusters with different initial conditions. After merging, these clusters dissolve with greater mass-loss rate because of their angular momentum. These rotating clusters also experience more deceleration caused by external tidal field.
description: presented in International Conference on Mathematics and Natural Sciences 2012
Magma migration and magmatic solitary waves in 3-D
Creators: name: Wiggins, Chris H.
name: Spiegelman, Marc W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Physics
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Numerical studies of fluid flow in the mantle suggest that magma migration is an inherently time-dependent process that produces magmatic solitary waves from obstructions in melt flux. Previous work has considered one and two dimensional problems. Here we present the results of three dimensional calculations that utilize a new, efficient multigrid scheme. We demonstrate that one and two dimensional solitary waves are unstable and break up into sets of 3-D solitary waves which are perfectly spherical when propagating through a uniform porosity medium. While these waves are not solitons, their non-linear interactions are qualitatively similar. The solitary waves are highly opportunistic and establish efficient pathways for migration by linking up with nearby waves. When the initial condition is a random distribution of porosity, the porosity structure can organize into elongate, time-dependent channels formed from chains of solitary waves. These results are natural consequences of the assumptions that the matrix is permeable and viscously deformable. We suggest that solitary waves are likely to exist in the mantle and may contribute to the episodicity of mantle magmatism.
Off with their heads : decapitation, gender, and power in medieval English literature
Creators: name: Marangi, Roberta
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Decapitation
subject: Gender
subject: Medieval
subject: Power
subject: Violence
subject: Christianity
subject: Chivalry
subject: PR275.B45M2
subject: English literature--Middle English, 1100-1500--History and criticism
subject: Beheading in literature

description: This thesis focuses on opposite-sex decapitations in Medieval English Literature. It aims to demonstrate that beheading is a kind of violence that is always symbolic and never only about the death of its object. Indeed, narratives of decapitation present their executions as a preferred vehicle for dealing with the anxiety of a hegemonic power. In the first half of the thesis, an analysis of the adaptations of the biblical stories of John the Baptist and Judith show how Christian texts used the interpretation of the violence of beheading to further Christian propaganda. A beheading committed on the story’s heroes, then, is used to position the hegemony in question as victimised and righteous; alternatively, a beheading committed by its heroes is interpreted as non-violent and justifiable. Chivalric texts that include decapitations present a ruling class which fantasises about beheading as a way to sever from its social body the members who do not conform to the standards that have made a hegemony in the first place. The fact that all these decapitation narratives are made by opposite-sex pairs shows the malleability of beheading as a literary trope, and the insignificance of gendered differences in the face of the preservation of the status quo. Far from being subtle or uncommon, the beheading narrative was a tool of Christian conversion, a manifestation of patriarchal power, and a symptom of a system in crisis. In Off With Their Heads, I argue that the beheading narrative developed and crystallised itself in the stories adapted and produced in the Middle Age, creating tales that intertwined themes of gender and power with episodes of violent executions, showcasing the way in which power can be distributed for the benefit and maintenance of established, institutional hegemonies.
Bis‐ and Tris‐norbornadienes with High Energy Densities for Efficient Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage
Creators: name: Schulte, Robin
name: Afflerbach, Sandra
name: Paululat, Thomas
name: Ihmels, Heiko
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: MOST
subject: photochromism
subject: quadricyclanes
subject: solar energy conversion
subject: Suzuki–Miyaura coupling

description: Molecular solar thermal energy storage (MOST) systems can convert, store and release solar energy in chemical bonds, i.e., as chemical energy. In this work, phenyl- and naphthyl-linked bis- and tris-norbornadienes are presented as promising MOST systems with very high energy densities. The substrates were synthesized by Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions and their absorption properties and characteristic parameters for MOST applications were investigated. The norbornadiene derivatives showed absorption onsets of up to 386 nm and photoisomerization quantum yields of 56 % per photoisomerization event. The resulting quadricyclane products have half-lifes up to 14 d and very high energy densities of up to 734 kJ/kg. Overall, these norbornadienes fulfill necessary criteria for an optimal MOST system and are, therefore, a highly promising basis for the development of materials for efficient solar energy conversion and storage.
Genetic Variability at the Catalytic Site of the Papain-like Protease and the Predicted Effects of Mutations on the binding of the Inhibitor VIR251
Creators: name: Yazdani, Setayesh
name: Schapira, Matthieu
name: De Maio, Nicola
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2
papain-like protease
Genetic variability
PLPro

description: This document outlines the method for finding the catalytic pocket of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease and assessing its genetic variability across coronaviruses and more than 15,000 SARS-CoV-2 samples.
FAIR-IMPACT: T3.2.1 PIDs in data production workflows
Creators: name: Goble, Carole
name: Soiland-Reyes, Stian
name: Juty, Nick
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Subtask presentation for FAIR-IMPACT meeting on T3.2 Integration of PID practices into FAIR data management, 2022-10-06. This use case from WorkflowHub will contribute to FAIR-IMPACT work on persistent identifiers and metadata schema mappings, combining RO-Crate, FAIR Signposting and FAIR Digital Objects.
On the Estimation of Random Uncertainties of Star Formation Histories
Creators: name: Dolphin, Andrew E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard technique for measurement of random uncertainties of star formation histories (SFHs) is the bootstrap Monte Carlo, in which the color-magnitude diagram (CMD) is repeatedly resampled. The variation in SFHs measured from the resampled CMDs is assumed to represent the random uncertainty in the SFH measured from the original data. However, this technique systematically and significantly underestimates the uncertainties for times in which the measured star formation rate is low or zero, leading to overly (and incorrectly) high confidence in that measurement. This study proposes an alternative technique, the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), which samples the probability distribution of the parameters used in the original solution to directly estimate confidence intervals. While the most commonly used MCMC algorithms are incapable of adequately sampling a probability distribution that can involve thousands of highly correlated dimensions, the Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm is shown to be extremely effective and efficient for this particular task. Several implementation details, such as the handling of implicit priors created by parameterization of the SFH, are discussed in detail.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures. To be published in ApJ
Continuum limit in matrix models for quantum gravity from the Functional Renormalization Group
Creators: name: Eichhorn, Astrid
name: Koslowski, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the double-scaling limit in matrix models for two-dimensional quantum gravity, and establish the nonperturbative functional Renormalization Group as a novel technique to compute the corresponding interacting fixed point of the Renormalization Group flow. We explicitly evaluate critical exponents and compare to the exact results. The functional Renormalization Group method allows a generalization to tensor models for higher-dimensional quantum gravity and to group field theories. As a simple example how this method works for such models, we compute the leading-order beta function for a colored matrix model that is inspired by recent developments in tensor models.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
Fracture Permeability Enhancement During Fluid Injection Modulated by Pressurization Rate and Surface Asperities
Creators: name: Ji, Yinlin
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Hofmann, Hannes
name: Cappa, Frédéric
name: Zhang, Supeng
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften
subject: fluid injection
subject: fracture permeability enhancement
subject: natural rough fracture
subject: permeability
subject: experiments

description: We present a series of controlled fluid injection experiments in the laboratory on a pre-stressed natural rough fracture with a high initial permeability (∼10−13 m2) in granite using different fluid pressurization rates. Our results show that fluid injection on a fracture with a slight velocity-strengthening frictional behavior exhibits dilatant slow slip in association with a permeability increase up to ∼41 times attained at the maximum slip velocity of 0.085 mm/s for the highest-rate injection case. Under these conditions, the slip velocity-dependent change in hydraulic aperture is a dominant process to explain the transient evolution of fracture permeability, which is modulated by fluid pressurization rate and fracture surface asperities. This leads to the conclusion that permeability evolution can be engineered for subsurface geoenergy applications by controlling the fluid pressurization rate on slowly slipping fractures.
On the nature of sn stars. I. A detailed abundance study
Creators: name: Saffe, C.
name: Levato, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sn stars present sharp Balmer lines, sharp metallic lines and broad coreless He I lines. Initially Abt & Levato proposed a shell-like nature to explain the sn stars, although this scenario was subsequently questioned. We aim to derive abundances for a sample of 9 stars, including sn and non-sn stars, to determine the possible relation between sn and CP stars. We analysed the photospheric chemical composition of sn stars and show that approximately 40% of them display chemical peculiarities (such as He-weak and HgMn stars) within a range of temperature of 10300 - 14500 K. We have studied the possible contribution of different processes to the broad He I lines present in the sn stars. Although NLTE effects could not be completely ruled out, it seems that NLTE is not directly related to the broad He I profiles observed in the sn stars. The broad-line He I 4026 is the clearest example of the sn characteristics in our sample. We succesfully fit this line in 4 out of 7 sn stars by using the appropriate Stark broadening tables, while small differences appear in the other 3 stars. Studying the plots of abundance vs depth for the He I lines resulted in some sn stars probably being stratified in He. However, a further study of variability in the He I lines would help for determining whether a possible non-uniform He superficial distribution could also play a role in these sn stars. We conclude that the broad He I lines that characterize the sn class could be modelled (at least in some of these stars) by the usual radiative transfer process with Stark broadening, without needing another broadening mechanism. The observed line broadening in sn stars seems to be related to the "normal" He line formation that originates in these atmospheres. (abridged)
description: 18 pages, 11 figures, Astronomy & Astrophysics accepted
On The Period Determination of ASAS Eclipsing Binaries
Creators: name: Mayangsari, Lidia
name: Priyatikanto, Rhorom
name: Putra, Mahasena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variable stars, or particularly eclipsing binaries, are very essential astronomical occurrence. Surveys are the backbone of astronomy, and many discoveries of variable stars are the results of surveys. All-Sky Automated Survey (ASAS) is one of the observing projects whose ultimate goal is photometric monitoring of variable stars. Since its first light in 1997, ASAS has collected 50,099 variable stars, with 11,076 eclipsing binaries among them. In the present work we focus on the period determination of the eclipsing binaries. Since the number of data points in each ASAS eclipsing binary light curve is sparse, period determination of any system is a not straightforward process. For 30 samples of such systems we compare the implementation of Lomb-Scargle algorithm which is an Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) basis and Phase Dispersion Minimization (PDM) method which is non-FFT basis to determine their period. It is demonstrated that PDM gives better performance at handling eclipsing detached (ED) systems whose variability are non-sinusoidal. More over, using semi-automatic recipes, we get better period solution and satisfactorily improve 53% of the selected object's light curves, but failed against another 7% of selected objects. In addition, we also highlight 4 interesting objects for further investigation.
description: Presented in International Conferences on Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Modelling the X-ray polarimetric signatures of complex geometry: the case study of the "changing look" AGN NGC 1365
Creators: name: Marin, Frederic
name: Porquet, Delphine
name: Goosmann, Rene W.
name: Dovciak, Michal
name: Muleri, Fabio
name: Grosso, Nicolas
name: Karas, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2.3; J.2.9
subject: 85-05

description: "Changing look" Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are a subset of Seyfert galaxies characterized by rapid transitions between Compton-thin and Compton-thick regimes. In their Compton-thin state, the central engine is less obscured, hence spectroscopy or timing observations can probe their innermost structures. However, it is not clear if the observed emission features and the Compton hump are associated with relativistic reflection onto the accretion disc, or complex absorption by distant, absorbing gas clouds passing by the observer's line-of-sight. Here, we investigate these two scenarios under the scope of X-ray polarimetry, providing the first polarisation predictions for an archetypal "changing look" AGN: NGC 1365. We explore the resulting polarisation emerging from lamp-post emission and scattering off an accretion disc in the immediate vicinity of a supermassive black hole. The computed polarisation signatures are compared to the results of an absorption-dominated model, where high column density gas partially covers the central source. While the shape of the polarisation spectrum is similar, the two models differ in net polarisation percentage, with the relativistic reflection scenario producing significantly stronger polarisation. Additionally, the variation of the polarisation position angle is distinctly different between both scenarios: the reflection-dominated model produces smooth rotations of the polarisation angle with photon energy whereas circumnuclear absorption causes an orthogonal switch of the polarisation angle between the soft and the hard X-ray bands. By comparing the predicted polarisation of NGC 1365 to the detectability levels of X-ray polarimetry mission concepts proposed in the past, we demonstrate that with a large, soft X-ray observatory or a medium-sized mission equipped with a hard (6 - 35 keV) polarimeter, the correct interpretation would be unambiguous.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF MODERN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION
Creators: name: Ahadov Feruzbek Vafo oʻgʻli, Karakalpak State University named after Berdak,  student of Applied Psychology, 2nd level
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article explores the current problems faced in modern science and education. It highlights various challenges and areas of concern, including gender and diversity  issues,  science  communication,  open  science  and  open  access,  teacher training and professional development, global collaboration and knowledge sharing, curriculum  relevance  and  future  skills,  research  reproducibility  and  replicability, science policy and evidence-based decision making, lifelong learning for educators, and  the  ethical  use  of  technology.  Additionally,  it  addresses  education  inequality, student engagement and motivation, science and society engagement, mental health support, data management and analysis, global collaboration and mobility, assessment and  evaluation,  integration  of  arts  and  humanities,  career  pathways  and  transitions, science for sustainable development, science funding models, teacher retention and job satisfaction, STEAM education, science ethics and responsible conduct, education for sustainable development, access to scientific information, digital divide, STEM gender gap,  science  education  for  critical  thinking,  and  science  education  for  global citizenship.  By  acknowledging  and  addressing  these  issues,  we  can  work  towards creating a more inclusive, equitable, and effective scientific and educational landscape
Eutectic Media Open a Synthetic Route to Oligocitrazinic Acid Fluorophores of Purple Hue
Creators: name: Schneider, Helen
name: Strauss, Volker
name: Vogl, Sarah
name: Antonietti, Markus
name: Filonenko, Svitlana
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: reactive eutectic media
subject: citric acid
subject: citrazinic acid
subject: dyes
subject: quantum dots

description: Under isochoric and solvent-free conditions, the reaction between ammonium formate and citric acid results in a deeply purple reaction product with fluorescent properties. This brings this reaction in the realm of bio-based fluorophores and bottom-up carbon nanodots from citric acid. The reaction conditions are optimized in terms of UV–vis spectroscopic properties and, subsequently, the main reaction product is separated. While the structural analysis does not give any indication for carbon nanodots in a general sense, it points towards the formation of molecular fluorophores that consist of oligomerized citrazinic acid derivatives. Furthermore, EPR spectroscopy reveals the presence of stable free radicals in the product. We hypothesize that such open-shell structures may play a general role in molecular fluorophores from citric acid and are not yet sufficiently explored. Therefore, we believe that analysis of these newly discovered fluorophores may contribute to a better understanding of the properties of fluorophores and CND from citric acid in general.