cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Different Contributions of Dopamine D1 and D2 Receptor Activity to Alcohol Potentiation of Brain Stimulation Reward in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J Mice
Creators: name: Malanga, C. J.
name: Krouse, M. C.
name: Robinson, J. E.
name: Fish, E. W.
name: DiBerto, J. F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: C57BL/6J (C57) and DBA/2J (DBA) mice respond differently to drugs that affect dopamine systems, including alcohol. The current study compared effects of D1 and D2 receptor agonists and antagonists, and the interaction between D1/D2 antagonists and alcohol, on intracranial self-stimulation in male C57 and DBA mice to determine the role of dopamine receptors in the effects of alcohol on brain stimulation reward (BSR). In the initial strain comparison, dose effects on BSR thresholds and maximum operant response rates were determined for the D1 receptor agonist SKF-82958 (±-6-chloro-7,8-dihydroxy-3-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine; 0.1–0.56 mg/kg) and antagonist SCH 23390 (+-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepinehydrochloride; 0.003–0.056 mg/kg), and the D2 receptor agonist quinpirole (0.1–3.0 mg/kg) and antagonist raclopride (0.01–0.56 mg/kg). For the alcohol interaction, SCH 23390 (0.003 mg/kg) or raclopride (0.03 mg/kg) was given before alcohol (0.6–2.4 g/kg p.o.). D1 antagonism dose-dependently elevated and SKF-82958 dose-dependently lowered BSR threshold in both strains; DBA mice were more sensitive to SKF-82958 effects. D2 antagonism dose-dependently elevated BSR threshold only in C57 mice. Low doses of quinpirole elevated BSR threshold equally in both strains, whereas higher doses of quinpirole lowered BSR threshold only in C57 mice. SCH 23390, but not raclopride, prevented lowering of BSR threshold by alcohol in DBA mice. Conversely, raclopride, but not SCH 23390, prevented alcohol potentiation of BSR in C57 mice. These results extend C57 and DBA strain differences to D1/D2 sensitivity of BSR, and suggest differential involvement of D1 and D2 receptors in the acute rewarding effects of alcohol in these two mouse strains.
Renin-a in the Subfornical Organ Plays a Critical Role in the Maintenance of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension.
Creators: name: Cooper, Silvana G
name: Souza, Lucas AC
name: Worker, Caleb J
name: Gayban, Ariana Julia B
name: Buller, Sophie
name: Satou, Ryosuke
name: Feng Earley, Yumei
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: renin-angiotensin system
salt-sensitive hypertension
NAD(P)H oxidase
angiotensin receptor
autonomic control

description: The brain renin-angiotensin system plays important roles in blood pressure and cardiovascular regulation. There are two isoforms of prorenin in the brain: the classic secreted form (prorenin/sREN) encoded by renin-a, and an intracellular form (icREN) encoded by renin-b. Emerging evidence indicates the importance of renin-b in cardiovascular and metabolic regulation. However, the role of endogenous brain prorenin in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension remains undefined. In this study, we test the hypothesis that renin-a produced locally in the brain contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Using RNAscope, we report for the first time that renin mRNA is expressed in several regions of the brain, including the subfornical organ (SFO), the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), and the brainstem, where it is found in glutamatergic, GABAergic, cholinergic, and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons. Notably, we found that renin mRNA was significantly elevated in the SFO and PVN in a mouse model of DOCA-salt-induced hypertension. To examine the functional importance of renin-a in the SFO, we selectively ablated renin-a in the SFO in renin-a-floxed mice using a Cre-lox strategy. Importantly, renin-a ablation in the SFO attenuated the maintenance of DOCA-salt-induced hypertension and improved autonomic function without affecting fluid or sodium intake. Molecularly, ablation of renin-a prevented the DOCA-salt-induced elevation in NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) in the SFO without affecting NOX4 or angiotensin II type 1 and 2 receptors. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that endogenous renin-a within the SFO is important for the pathogenesis of salt-sensitive hypertension.
title: Der ungarische Artillerieoberst vitéz Paul Krassay im Russlandfeldzug
Creators: name: Krassay, Bernadette
Year: 2021

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Einsatz meines Urgroßvaters vitéz Paul Krassay im Russlandfeldzug, der dort als Artillerieoberst eingesetzt war. Dieses biographische Fallbespiel wird in den historischen Kontext, angefangen mit der ungarischen Geschichte ab dem Ende des Ersten Weltkriegs bis hin zur Beziehung und dem Bündnis mit dem Deutschen Reich, eingebettet. Die forschungsleitende Fragestellung besteht in der Annahme, dass die Strapazen während des Russlandfeldzugs vitéz Paul Krassay sowohl währenddessen als auch danach beeinflusst haben. Einerseits körperlich und psychisch, andererseits aber auch existenziell, worunter beispielsweise seine Wohnsituation betroffen war. Ebenso wird angenommen, dass die Erlebnisse von der Front die persönliche Beziehung vitez Paul Krassays zu seinen beiden Kindern und seiner Frau beeinflusst haben. Abschließend wird untersucht, welche Motive bei der Auswahl und Zusammenstellung der Fotos für sein Fotoalbum eine besondere Rolle spielten. Untersucht werden diese Annahmen anhand einer mikrohistorischen Analyse, die sich in eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse der Gerichtsakte und der qualitativen Einzelinterviews sowie eine Bildanalyse aufteilt. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen zeigen, dass vitéz Paul Krassay sicherlich während und unmittelbar nach dem Russlandfeldzug körperlich und psychisch belastet war, sich jedoch nach der Regenerationsphase davon wieder erholt hat. Existenziell hatte der Einsatz zur Folge, dass aus seiner Perspektive er sowohl einem für ihn unbefriedigenden Beruf nachgehen musste und auch keine passende Wohnsituation für sich und seine Familie hatte. Die Auswertung der Fotomotive ergab, dass vor allem der Kriegsalltag und die Aufnahmen von Personengruppen beziehungsweise Soldaten im Vordergrund stehen.
A Comparative Analysis of the Core Proteomes within and among the Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus Evolutionary Groups Reveals the Patterns of Lineage- and Species-Specific Adaptations.
Creators: name: Nikolaidis, Marios
name: Hesketh, Andrew
name: Mossialos, Dimitris
name: Iliopoulos, Ioannis
name: Oliver, Stephen G
name: Amoutzias, Grigorios D
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus cereus
core proteome
accessory proteome
fingerprints
phylogenomics
comparative genomics
species-specific adaptations
sporulation

description: By integrating phylogenomic and comparative analyses of 1104 high-quality genome sequences, we identify the core proteins and the lineage-specific fingerprint proteins of the various evolutionary clusters (clades/groups/species) of the Bacillus genus. As fingerprints, we denote those core proteins of a certain lineage that are present only in that particular lineage and absent in any other Bacillus lineage. Thus, these lineage-specific fingerprints are expected to be involved in particular adaptations of that lineage. Intriguingly, with a few notable exceptions, the majority of the Bacillus species demonstrate a rather low number of species-specific fingerprints, with the majority of them being of unknown function. Therefore, species-specific adaptations are mostly attributed to highly unstable (in evolutionary terms) accessory proteomes and possibly to changes at the gene regulation level. A series of comparative analyses consistently demonstrated that the progenitor of the Cereus Clade underwent an extensive genomic expansion of chromosomal protein-coding genes. In addition, the majority (76-82%) of the B. subtilis proteins that are essential or play a significant role in sporulation have close homologs in most species of both the Subtilis and the Cereus Clades. Finally, the identification of lineage-specific fingerprints by this study may allow for the future development of highly specific vaccines, therapeutic molecules, or rapid and low-cost molecular tests for species identification.
Intranasal Administration as a Route for Drug Delivery to the Brain: Evidence for a Unique Pathway for Albumin
Creators: name: Banks, W. A.
name: Salameh, T. S.
name: Cordy, B. J.
name: Kabanov, A. V.
name: Yi, X.
name: Mortell, W. G.
name: Falcone, J. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: A variety of compounds will distribute into the brain when placed at the cribriform plate by intranasal (i.n.) administration. In this study, we investigated the ability of albumin, a protein that can act as a drug carrier but is excluded from brain by the blood-brain barrier, to distribute into the brain after i.n. administration. We labeled bovine serum albumin with [125I] ([125I]Alb) and studied its uptake into 11 brain regions and its entry into the blood from 5 minutes to 6 hours after i.n. administration. [125I]Alb was present throughout the brain at 5 minutes. Several regions showed distinct peaks in uptake that ranged from 5 minutes (parietal cortex) to 60 minutes (midbrain). About 2–4% of the i.n. [125I]Alb entered the bloodstream. The highest levels occurred in the olfactory bulb and striatum. Distribution was dose-dependent, with less taken up by whole brain, cortex, and blood at the higher dose of albumin. Uptake was selectively increased into the olfactory bulb and cortex by the fluid-phase stimulator PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate), but inhibitors to receptor-mediated transcytosis, caveolae, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase were without effect. Albumin altered the distribution of radioactive leptin given by i.n. administration, decreasing uptake into the blood and by the cerebellum and increasing uptake by the hypothalamus. We conclude that [125I]Alb administered i.n. reaches all parts of the brain through a dose-dependent mechanism that may involve fluid-phase transcytosis and, as illustrated by leptin, can affect the delivery of other substances to the brain after their i.n. administration.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Australian Patients with Solid Organ Cancers.
Creators: name: Bain, Nathan
name: Nguyen, Mike
name: Grech, Lisa
name: Day, Daphne
name: McCartney, Amelia
name: Webber, Kate
name: Kwok, Alastair
name: Harris, Sam
name: Chau, Hieu
name: Chan, Bryan
name: Nott, Louise
name: Hamad, Nada
name: Tognela, Annette
name: Underhill, Craig
name: Loe, Bao Sheng
name: Freeman, Daniel
name: Segelov, Eva
name: Investigators, On Behalf Of The Canvaccs
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: COVID-19
vaccination
vaccine hesitancy
cancer

description: BACKGROUND: Vaccination is the cornerstone of the global public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Excess morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 infection is seen in people with cancer. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy has been observed in this medically vulnerable population, although associated attitudes and beliefs remain poorly understood. METHODS: An online cross-sectional survey of people with solid organ cancers was conducted through nine health services across Australia. Demographics, cancer-related characteristics and vaccine uptake were collected. Perceptions and beliefs regarding COVID-19 vaccination were assessed using the Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, the Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence and Complacency Scale and the Disease Influenced Vaccine Acceptance Scale-6. RESULTS: Between June and October 2021, 2691 people with solid organ cancers completed the survey. The median age was 62.5 years (SD = 11.8; range 19-95), 40.9% were male, 71.3% lived in metropolitan areas and 90.3% spoke English as their first language. The commonest cancer diagnoses were breast (36.6%), genitourinary (18.6%) and gastrointestinal (18.3%); 59.2% had localized disease and 56.0% were receiving anti-cancer therapy. Most participants (79.7%) had at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose. Vaccine uptake was higher in people who were older, male, metropolitan, spoke English as a first language and had a cancer diagnosis for more than six months. Vaccine hesitancy was higher in people who were younger, female, spoke English as a non-dominant language and lived in a regional location, and lower in people with genitourinary cancer. Vaccinated respondents were more concerned about being infected with COVID-19 and less concerned about vaccine safety and efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: People with cancer have concerns about acquiring COVID-19, which they balance against vaccine-related concerns about the potential impact on their disease progress and/or treatment. Detailed exploration of concerns in cancer patients provides valuable insights, both for discussions with individual patients and public health messaging for this vulnerable population.
Rare-event trajectory ensemble approach to study dynamical phase transitions in the zero temperature Glauber model
Creators: name: Torkaman, Pegah
name: Jafarpour, Farhad H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of a one-dimensional stochastic system of classical particles consisting of asymmetric death and branching processes is studied. The dynamical activity, defined as the number of configuration changes in a dynamical trajectory, is considered as a proper dynamical order parameter. By considering an ensemble of dynamical trajectories and applying the large deviation method, we have found that the system might undergo both continuous and discontinuous dynamical phase transitions at critical values of the counting field. Exact analytical results are obtained for an infinite system. Numerical investigations confirm our analytical calculations.
description: 24 pages, 4 EPS figures, Major Revision, Accepted for publication in JSTAT
title: Dialekte in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten
Creators: name: Sheref, Sarah
Year: 2021

description: Der emiratische Dialekt gehört zwar zu den Golfdialekten, jedoch ist er im Gegensatz zu den anderen Golfstaaten noch wenig erforscht. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es anhand von Sprachaufnahmen den emiratischen Dialekt näher zu analysieren. Es wurden zwei Einheimische, eine (im Jahr 2020) 52 Jahre alte Dame aus Fujairah und einen (zum Zeitpunkt der Aufnahme, also 2009) ca. 80 Jahre alten Herrn aus Sharjah, interviewt. Diese Sprachaufnahmen werden transkribiert und übersetzt und danach anhand von Lexik, Morphpologie, Syntax und Phonologie näher analysiert. Normalerweise sind Quellen oftmals zu Dubai und Abu Dhabi zu finden, wenig jedoch zu anderen Emiraten, was die Arbeit interessanter macht. Es ist zu erkennen, dass die Dialekte aus Sharjah und Fujairah der Kategorie der Beduinendialekte zugeordnet werden können, da die in der linguistischen Analyse bearbeiteten Punkte mit den beduinischen Merkmalen übereinstimmen und es nur wenig Unterschiede gibt. Die Arbeit zeigt, dass die Emirate ein dialektologisch weites Forschungsgebiet bieten und es sich lohnt, dass sie zukünftig näher untersucht werden.
The G Protein-Biased  -Opioid Receptor Agonist RB-64 Is Analgesic with a Unique Spectrum of Activities In Vivo
Creators: name: DiBerto, J. F.
name: Nichols, D. E.
name: Robinson, J. E.
name: Polepally, P. R.
name: Roth, B. L.
name: Zhu, H.
name: Zjawiony, J. K.
name: White, K. L.
name: Malanga, C. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The hypothesis that functionally selective G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists may have enhanced therapeutic benefits has revitalized interest for many GPCR targets. In particular, although κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonists are analgesic with a low risk of dependence and abuse, their use is limited by a propensity to induce sedation, motor incoordination, hallucinations, and dysphoria-like states. Several laboratories have produced a body of work suggesting that G protein-biased KOR agonists might be analgesic with fewer side effects. Although that has been an intriguing hypothesis, suitable KOR-selective and G protein-biased agonists have not been available to test this idea. Here we provide data using a G protein-biased agonist, RB-64 (22-thiocyanatosalvinorin A), which suggests that KOR-mediated G protein signaling induces analgesia and aversion, whereas β-arrestin-2 signaling may be associated with motor incoordination. Additionally, unlike unbiased KOR agonists, the G protein-biased ligand RB-64 does not induce sedation and does not have anhedonia-like actions, suggesting that a mechanism other than G protein signaling mediates these effects. Our findings provide the first evidence for a highly selective and G protein-biased tool compound for which many, but not all, of the negative side effects of KOR agonists can be minimized by creating G protein-biased KOR agonists.
Pair separation of magnetic elements in the quiet Sun
Creators: name: Giannattasio, F.
name: Berrilli, F.
name: Biferale, L.
name: Del Moro, D.
name: Sbragaglia, M.
name: Rubio, L. Bellot
name: Gosic, M.
name: Suarez, D. Orozco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamic properties of the quiet Sun photosphere can be investigated by analyzing the pair dispersion of small-scale magnetic fields (i.e., magnetic elements). By using $25$ hr-long Hinode magnetograms at high spatial resolution ($0".3$), we tracked $68,490$ magnetic element pairs within a supergranular cell near the disk center. The computed pair separation spectrum, calculated on the whole set of particle pairs independently of their initial separation, points out what is known as a super-diffusive regime with spectral index $γ=1.55\pm0.05$, in agreement with the most recent literature, but extended to unprecedented spatial and temporal scales (from granular to supergranular). Furthermore, for the first time, we investigated here the spectrum of the mean square displacement of pairs of magnetic elements, depending on their initial separation $r_0$. We found that there is a typical initial distance above (below) which the pair separation is faster (slower) than the average. A possible physical interpretation of such a typical spatial scale is also provided.
Robots that Say ’No’: Acquisition of Linguistic Behaviour in Interaction Games with Humans
Creators: name: Foerster, Frank
Publisher: name: UH Research Archive
Year: 2013
Subjects: developmental robotics
cognitive robotics
language acquisition
negation
symbol grounding
human-robot interaction
HRI
artificial intelligence
AI robotics

description: Negation is a part of language that humans engage in pretty much from the onset of speech. Negation appears at first glance to be harder to grasp than object or action labels, yet this thesis explores how this family of ‘concepts’ could be acquired in a meaningful way by a humanoid robot based solely on the unconstrained dialogue with a human conversation partner. The earliest forms of negation appear to be linked to the affective or motivational state of the speaker. Therefore we developed a behavioural architecture which contains a motivational system. This motivational system feeds its state simultaneously to other subsystems for the purpose of symbol-grounding but also leads to the expression of the robot’s motivational state via a facial display of emotions and motivationally congruent body behaviours. In order to achieve the grounding of negative words we will examine two different mechanisms which provide an alternative to the established grounding via ostension with or without joint attention. Two large experiments were conducted to test these two mechanisms. One of these mechanisms is so called negative intent interpretation, the other one is a combination of physical and linguistic prohibition. Both mechanisms have been described in the literature on early child language development but have never been used in human-robot-interaction for the purpose of symbol grounding. As we will show, both mechanisms may operate simultaneously and we can exclude none of them as potential ontogenetic origin of negation.
Plane-parallel waves as duals of the flat background
Creators: name: Hlavaty, Ladislav
name: Petr, Ivo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83D99, 53Z05

description: We give a classification of non-Abelian T-duals of the flat metric in D=4 dimensions with respect to the four-dimensional continuous subgroups of the Poincare group. After dualizing the flat background, we identify majority of dual models as conformal sigma models in plane-parallel wave backgrounds, most of them having torsion. We give their form in Brinkmann coordinates. We find, besides the plane-parallel waves, several diagonalizable curved metrics with nontrivial scalar curvature and torsion. Using the non-Abelian T-duality, we find general solution of the classical field equations for all the sigma models in terms of d'Alembert solutions of the wave equation.
description: 40 pages, results are compared with some added references
Four cation-selective transporters contribute to apical uptake and accumulation of metformin in Caco-2 cell monolayerss
Creators: name: Everett, R. S.
name: Costales, C. L.
name: Proctor, W. R.
name: Cai, H.
name: Han, T.
name: Thakker, D. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Metformin is the frontline therapy for type II diabetes mellitus. The oral bioavailability of metformin is unexpectedly high, between 40 and 60%, given its hydrophilicity and positive charge at all physiologic pH values. Previous studies in Caco-2 cell monolayers, a cellular model of the human intestinal epithelium, showed that during absorptive transport metformin is taken up into the cells via transporters in the apical (AP) membrane; however, predominant transport to the basolateral (BL) side occurs via the paracellular route because intracellular metformin cannot egress across the BL membrane. Furthermore, these studies have suggested that the AP transporters can contribute to intestinal accumulation and absorption of metformin. Transporter-specific inhibitors as well as a novel approach involving a cocktail of transporter inhibitors with overlapping selectivity were used to identify the AP transporters that mediate metformin uptake in Caco-2 cell monolayers; furthermore, the relative contributions of these transporters in metformin AP uptake were also determined. The organic cation transporter 1, plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT), serotonin reuptake transporter, and choline high-affinity transporter contributed to approximately 25%, 20%, 20%, and 15%, respectively, of the AP uptake of metformin. PMAT-knockdown Caco-2 cells were constructed to confirm the contribution of PMAT in metformin AP uptake because a PMAT-selective inhibitor is not available. The identification of four intestinal transporters that contribute to AP uptake and potentially intestinal absorption of metformin is a significant novel finding that can influence our understanding of metformin pharmacology and intestinal drug-drug interactions involving this highly prescribed drug.
Higgs Mixing in the NMSSM and Light Higgsinos
Creators: name: Jeong, Kwang Sik
name: Shoji, Yutaro
name: Yamaguchi, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the effects of Higgs mixing in the general next-to-minimal supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM). Extended to include a gauge singlet, the Higgs sector can naturally explain the observed Higgs boson mass in TeV scale supersymmetry without invoking large stop mixing. This is particularly the case when the singlet scalar is light so that singlet-doublet mixing increases the mass of the SM-like Higgs boson. In such a case the Higgs mixing has interesting implications following from the fact that the higgsino mass parameter and the singlet coupling to Higgs bilinear crucially depend on the Higgs boson masses and mixing angles. For the mixing compatible with the current LHC data on the Higgs signal rates, the higgsinos are required to be relatively light, around or below a few hundred GeV, as long as the heavy doublet Higgs boson has a mass smaller than about 250\sqrt{\tanβ} GeV and the singlet-like Higgs boson is consistent with the LEP constraint. In addition, the Higgs coupling to photons can receive a sizable contribution of either sign from the charged-higgsino loops combined with singlet-doublet mixing.
description: 26 pages, 5 figures, Higgs data updated, discussion extended, typos fixed, to appear in JHEP
Mechanistic Basis of Altered Morphine Disposition in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Creators: name: Paine, M. F.
name: Cherrington, N. J.
name: Hargraves, T. L.
name: Vanderah, T. W.
name: Dzierlenga, A. L.
name: Clarke, J. D.
name: Ainslie, G. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Morphine is metabolized in humans to morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and the pharmacologically active morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G). The hepatobiliary disposition of both metabolites relies upon multidrug resistance-associated proteins Mrp3 and Mrp2, located on the sinusoidal and canalicular membrane, respectively. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the severe stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alters xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme and transporter function. The purpose of this study was to determine whether NASH contributes to the large interindividual variability and postoperative adverse events associated with morphine therapy. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a control diet or a methionine- and choline-deficient diet to induce NASH. Radiolabeled morphine (2.5 mg/kg, 30 µCi/kg) was administered intravenously, and plasma and bile (0–150 or 0–240 minutes), liver and kidney, and cumulative urine were analyzed for morphine and M3G. The antinociceptive response to M6G (5 mg/kg) was assessed (0–12 hours) after direct intraperitoneal administration since rats do not produce M6G. NASH caused a net decrease in morphine concentrations in the bile and plasma and a net increase in the M3G/morphine plasma area under the concentration-time curve ratio, consistent with upregulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase Ugt2b1. Despite increased systemic exposure to M3G, NASH resulted in decreased biliary excretion and hepatic accumulation of M3G. This shift toward systemic retention is consistent with the mislocalization of canalicular Mrp2 and increased expression of sinusoidal Mrp3 in NASH and may correlate to increased antinociception by M6G. Increased metabolism and altered transporter regulation in NASH provide a mechanistic basis for interindividual variability in morphine disposition that may lead to opioid-related toxicity.
Subcritical contact surgeries and the topology of symplectic fillings
Creators: name: Ghiggini, Paolo
name: Niederkrüger, Klaus
name: Wendl, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R17 (Primary), 53D10, 32Q65, 57R65 (Secondary)

description: By a result of Eliashberg, every symplectic filling of a three-dimensional contact connected sum is obtained by performing a boundary connected sum on another symplectic filling. We prove a partial generalization of this result for subcritical contact surgeries in higher dimensions: given any contact manifold that arises from another contact manifold by subcritical surgery, its belt sphere is null-bordant in the oriented bordism group $ΩSO^*(W)$ of any symplectically aspherical filling $W$, and in dimension five, it will even be nullhomotopic. More generally, if the filling is not aspherical but is semipositive, then the belt sphere will be trivial in $H^*(W)$. Using the same methods, we show that the contact connected sum decomposition for tight contact structures in dimension three does not extend to higher dimensions: in particular, we exhibit connected sums of manifolds of dimension at least five with Stein fillable contact structures that do not arise as contact connected sums. The proofs are based on holomorphic disk-filling techniques, with families of Legendrian open books (so-called "Lobs") as boundary conditions.
description: 42 pages, 6 figures. (accepted by Journal de l'\'Ecole polytechnique)
Regulation of Extrasynaptic GABAA  4 Receptors by Ethanol-Induced Protein Kinase A, but Not Protein Kinase C Activation in Cultured Rat Cerebral Cortical Neurons
Creators: name: Bohnsack, J. P.
name: Patel, V.
name: Morrow, A. L.
name: Carlson, S. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Ethanol produces changes in GABA
Species Differences in Hepatobiliary Disposition of Taurocholic Acid in Human and Rat Sandwich-Cultured Hepatocytes: Implications for Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Creators: name: Kock, K.
name: Yang, K.
name: Pfeifer, N. D.
name: Brouwer, K. L. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The bile salt export pump (BSEP) plays an important role in bile acid excretion. Impaired BSEP function may result in liver injury. Bile acids also undergo basolateral efflux, but the relative contributions of biliary (CLBile) versus basolateral efflux (CLBL) clearance to hepatocellular bile acid excretion have not been determined. In the present study, taurocholic acid (TCA; a model bile acid) disposition was characterized in human and rat sandwich-cultured hepatocytes (SCH) combined with pharmacokinetic modeling. In human SCH, biliary excretion of TCA predominated (CLBile = 0.14 ± 0.04 ml/min per g liver; CLBL = 0.042 ± 0.019 ml/min per g liver), whereas CLBile and CLBL contributed approximately equally to TCA hepatocellular excretion in rat SCH (CLBile = 0.34 ± 0.07 ml/min per g liver; CLBL = 0.26 ± 0.07 ml/min per g liver). Troglitazone decreased TCA uptake, CLBile, and CLBL; membrane vesicle assays revealed for the first time that the major metabolite, troglitazone sulfate, was a noncompetitive inhibitor of multidrug resistance–associated protein 4, a basolateral bile acid efflux transporter. Simulations revealed that decreased CLBile led to a greater increase in hepatic TCA exposure in human than in rat SCH. A decrease in both excretory pathways (CLBile and CLBL) exponentially increased hepatic TCA in both species, suggesting that 1) drugs that inhibit both pathways may have a greater risk for hepatotoxicity, and 2) impaired function of an alternate excretory pathway may predispose patients to hepatotoxicity when drugs that inhibit one pathway are administered. Simulations confirmed the protective role of uptake inhibition, suggesting that a drug’s inhibitory effects on bile acid uptake also should be considered when evaluating hepatotoxic potential. Overall, the current study precisely characterized basolateral efflux of TCA, revealed species differences in hepatocellular TCA efflux pathways, and provided insights about altered hepatic bile acid exposure when multiple transport pathways are impaired.
Exclusive production of double $J/ψ$ mesons in hadronic collisions
Creators: name: Harland-Lang, L. A.
name: Khoze, V. A.
name: Ryskin, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first calculation of exclusive double $J/ψ$ production in hadronic collisions. We analyse in detail the form of the Born-level $gg \to J/ψJ/ψ$ amplitudes within the non-relativistic quarkonium approximation and discuss the implications of this for the central exclusive production channel, within the `Durham' perturbative model. In addition we show that this direct single parton scattering contribution is expected to be strongly dominant in the exclusive case. We present predictions for the LHC and show that the expected cross sections are in reasonable agreement with the LHCb Run-I measurement of exclusive double $J/ψ$ production, with the measured invariant mass distribution described well by the theory. Motivated by this encouraging result we present predictions for observables that may be measured in LHC Run-II, and estimate the size of the expected cross sections in the $ψ(2S)$ and $χ_{c}$ cases.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures. Some discussion clarified and additional figure added. Version accepted for publication in J. Phys. G
Inhomogeneous ordering in weakly coupled Heisenberg $S=1/2$ chains with random bonds
Creators: name: Thede, M.
name: Haku, T.
name: Masuda, T.
name: Baines, C.
name: Pomjakushina, E.
name: Dhalenne, G.
name: Revcolevschi, A.
name: Morenzoni, E.
name: Zheludev, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long range magnetic ordering in the quasi-one-dimensional random-bond antiferromagnet BaCu$_2$(Si$_{1-x}$Ge$_{x}$)$_2$O$_7$ is studied in $μ$SR experiments as a function of disorder strength. Compared to the disorder-free parent materials, the saturation ordered moment is found to be considerably reduced. Moreover, even in weakly disordered species, the magnetically ordered state is shown to be highly inhomogeneous. The results are interpreted in terms of weakly coupled random spin chains, governed by the ``infinite randomness`` fixed point.
Experimental and DFT Studies:  Novel Structural Modifications Greatly Enhance the Solvent Sensitivity of Live Cell Imaging Dyes
Creators: name: Ullmann, Matthias
name: Han, Wen-Ge
name: Bashford, Donald
name: Liu, Tiqing
name: Hahn, Klaus M.
name: Toutchkine, Alexei
name: Noodleman, Louis
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Structural modifications of previously reported merocyanine dyes (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 4132–4145) were found to greatly enhance the solvent dependence of their absorbance and fluorescence emission maxima. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to understand the differences in optical properties between the new and previously synthesized dyes. Absorption and emission energies were calculated for several new dyes using DFT vertical self-consistent reaction field methods (VSCRF). Geometries of ground and excited states were optimized with a Conductor-like screening model (COSMO) and self-consistent-field (SCF) methods. The new dyes have enhanced zwitterionic character in the ground state, and much lower polarity in the excited state, as shown by the DFT-VSCRF calculations. Consistently, the position of the absorption bands are strongly blue-shifted in more polar solvent (methanol compared to benzene) as predicted by the DFT spectral calculations. Inclusion of explicit H-bonding solvent molecules within the quantum model further enhances the predicted shifts, and is consistent with the observed spectral broadening. Smaller, but significant spectral shifts in polar versus nonpolar solvent are predicted and observed for emission bands. The new dyes show large fluorescence quantum yields in polar hydrogen bonding solvents; qualitatively, the longest bonds along the conjugated chain at the excited S1 state minimum are shorter in the more polar solvent, inhibiting photoisomerization. The loss of photostability of the dyes is a consequence of the reaction with and electron transfer to singlet oxygen, starting oxidative dye cleavage. The calculated vertical ionization potentials of three dyes I-SO, AI-SO(4), and AI-BA(4) in benzene and methanol are consistent with their relative photobleaching rates; the charge distributions along the conjugated chains for the three dyes are similarly predictive of higher reaction rates for AI-SO(4) and AI-BA(4) than for I-SO. Time dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations were also performed on AI-BA(4); these were less accurate than the VSCRF method in predicting the absorption energy shift from benzene (C6H6) to methanol (MeOH).
Cosmic background radiation in the vicinity of a Schwarzschild black hole: no classic firewall
Creators: name: Wielgus, Maciek
name: Ellis, George F. R.
name: Vincent, Frederic H.
name: Abramowicz, Marek A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cosmic Blackbody Background Radiation pervades the entire Universe, and so falls into every astrophysical black hole. The blueshift of the infalling photons, measured by a static observer, is infinite at the event horizon. This raises a question as to whether a "firewall" of high energy density may form just outside the horizon, or whether the effect can be attributed exclusively to a singular behavior of the static observer's frame at the horizon. In principle, the presence of such firewall may alter the motion of the infalling matter, influence the black hole evolution, or even invalidate the {\it vacuum} Einstein field equation solution as a realistic approximation for black holes. In this paper we show by means of analytic calculations that all these effects indeed exist, but their magnitude is typically negligibly small, even though the matter stress tensor is divergent in the static frame at $r=2M$. That is not surprising because of the divergent relation of that frame to a freely falling frame as $r \rightarrow 2M$; however it represents a kind of classical analogue for the Black Hole Complementarity principle that has been proposed for quantum effects near a black hole. What is perhaps more surprising is the divergence of the radiation stress tensor for massive particles moving on circular geodesic orbits for values of $r$ approaching $r = 3M$. However such orbits will not occur for infalling matter in realistic accretion discs.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Simulating Water with the Self-Consistent-Charge Density Functional Tight Binding Method:  From Molecular Clusters to the Liquid State †
Creators: name: Hermans, Jan
name: Lu, Zhenyu
name: Hu, Hao
name: Elstner, Marcus
name: Yang, Weitao
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The recently developed self-consistent-charge density functional tight binding (SCCDFTB) method provides an accurate and inexpensive quantum mechanical solution to many molecular systems of interests. To examine the performance of the SCCDFTB method on (liquid) water, the most fundamental yet indispensable molecule in biological systems, we have reported here the simulation results of water in sizes ranging from molecular clusters to the liquid state. The latter simulation was achieved through the use of the linear scaling divide-and-conquer approach. The results of liquid water simulation indicated that the SCCDFTB method can describe the structural and energetics of liquid water in qualitative agreement with experiments, while the results of water clusters suggested potential future improvements that may apply to the SCCDFTB method.
The catenary degree of Krull monoids II
Creators: name: Geroldinger, Alfred
name: Zhong, Qinghai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11R27, 11P70, 11B50 13A05, 20M13

description: Let $H$ be a Krull monoid with finite class group $G$ such that every class contains a prime divisor (for example, a ring of integers in an algebraic number field or a holomorphy ring in an algebraic function field). The catenary degree $\mathsf c (H)$ of $H$ is the smallest integer $N$ with the following property: for each $a \in H$ and each two factorizations $z, z'$ of $a$, there exist factorizations $z = z_0, ..., z_k = z'$ of $a$ such that, for each $i \in [1, k]$, $z_i$ arises from $z_{i-1}$ by replacing at most $N$ atoms from $z_{i-1}$ by at most $N$ new atoms. To exclude trivial cases, suppose that $|G| \ge 3$. Then the catenary degree depends only on the class group $G$ and we have $\mathsf c (H) \in [3, \mathsf D (G)]$, where $\mathsf D (G)$ denotes the Davenport constant of $G$. It is well-known when $\mathsf c (H) \in \{3,4, \mathsf D (G)\}$ holds true. Based on a characterization of the catenary degree determined in the first paper (The catenary degree of Krull monoids I), we determine the class groups satisfying $\mathsf c (H)= \mathsf D (G)-1$. Apart from the mentioned extremal cases the precise value of $\mathsf c (H)$ is known for no further class groups.
description: To appear in Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society
Hidden percolation transition in kinetic replication process
Creators: name: Timonin, P. N.
name: Chitov, G. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The one-dimensional kinetic contact process with parallel update is introduced and studied by the mean-field approximation and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Contrary to a more conventional scenario with single active phase for 1d models with Ising-like variables, we find two different adjacent active phases in the parameter space of the proposed model with a second-order transition between them and a multiphase point where the active and the absorbing phases meet. While one of the active phases is quite standard with a smooth average filling of the space-time lattice, the second active phase demonstrates a very subtle (hidden) percolating order which becomes manifest only after certain transformation from the original model. We determine the percolation order parameter for active-active phase transition and discuss such hidden orders in other low-dimensional systems. Our MC data demonstrate finite-size critical and near-critical scaling of the order parameter relaxation for the two phase transitions. We find three independent critical indices for them and conclude that they both belong to the directed percolation universality class.
description: 21 pages, 12 figures, revised version, to appear in J.Phys.A
Estimation of Molecular Acidity via Electrostatic Potential at the Nucleus and Valence Natural Atomic Orbitals
Creators: name: Liu, Shubin
name: Pedersen, Lee G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: An effective approach of estimating molecular pKa values from simple density functional calculations is proposed in this work. Both the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) at the nucleus of the acidic atom and the sum of valence natural atomic orbitals are employed for three categories of compounds, amines and anilines, carbonyl acids and alcohols, and sulfonic acids and thiols. A strong correlation between experimental pKa values and each of these two quantities for each of the three categories has been discovered. Moreover, if the MEP is subtracted by the isolated atomic MEP for each category of compounds, we observe a single unique linear relationship between the resultant MEP difference and experimental pKa data of amines, anilines, carbonyl acids, alcohols, sulfonic acids, thiols, and their substituents. These results can generally be utilized to simultaneously estimate pKa values at multiple sites with a single calculation for either relatively small molecules in drug design or amino acids in proteins and macromolecules.
A Comprehensive Review of Field-effect Transistors in Cancer: Towards the Next-generation Healthcare
Creators: name: Jin, Wei-Qiu
name: Yang, Qi-Sheng
name: Tian-Ling Ren
name: Luo, Qing-Quan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Field-effect transistors
cancer
biomarkers
biosensor
long-term monitoring
in-situ detection

description: The raw data of Figure 3.2 and the dataset for the biliometric analysis.
Quantifying GFP Diffusion in Escherichia coli by Using Continuous Photobleaching with Evanescent Illumination
Creators: name: Steele, Bridgett L.
name: Thompson, Nancy L.
name: Pielak, Gary J.
name: Slade, Kristin M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy are the primary means for studying translational diffusion in biological systems. Both techniques, however, present numerous obstacles for measuring translational mobility in structures only slightly larger than optical resolution. We report a new method using through-prism total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy with continuous photobleaching (TIR-CP) to overcome these obstacles. Small structures, such as prokaryotic cells or isolated eukaryotic organelles, containing fluorescent molecules are adhered to a surface. This surface is continuously illuminated by an evanescent wave created by total internal reflection. The characteristic length describing the decay of the evanescent intensity with distance from the surface is smaller than the structures. The fluorescence decay rate resulting from continuous evanescent illumination is monitored as a function of the excitation intensity. The data at higher excitation intensities provide apparent translational diffusion coefficients for the fluorescent molecules within the structures because the decay results from two competing processes (the intrinsic photobleaching propensity and diffusion in the small structures). We present the theoretical basis for the technique and demonstrate its applicability by measuring the diffusion coefficient, 6.3 ± 1.1 µm2/sec, of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in Escherichia coli cells.
"Analysis of the Aggregate Strength Variation At Selected Section of Biring River Basin"
Creators: name: Adhikari, Neeraj
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: MBMAN CM Thesis Niraj Adhikari (2019-1-06-0023) School of Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology Madan Bhandari Memorial Academy Nepal Joint Constituent College of Pokhara University,  Urlabari -3, Morang  November, 2021
description: Adhikari, N., Mishra, A. K., & Aithal, P. S., (2022). Analysis of the Aggregate Strength Variation along Different Sections of the River Basin. International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences (IJMTS), 7(2), 301-319. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7125744
Baryon resonances in large $N_c$ QCD
Creators: name: Matagne, N.
name: Stancu, Fl.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the current status and present open challenges of large $N_c$ QCD baryon spectroscopy. After introducing the $1/N_c$ expansion method we first shortly revisit the latest achievements for the ground state properties. Next we discuss the applicability of this method to excited states, presenting two different approaches with their advantages and disadvantages. Selected results for the spectrum and strong and electromagnetic decays are described. We also show further developments supported by the qualitative compatibility between the quark excitation picture and the meson-nucleon scattering picture. We give a quantitative comparison between results obtained from the mass formula of the $1/N_c$ expansion method and quark models and shortly discuss the implications of different large $N_c$ limits.
description: 45 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Reviews of Modern Physics