cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Efficient photon-pair generation in layer-poled lithium niobate nanophotonic waveguides
Creators: name: Shi, Xiaodong
name: Mohanraj, Sakthi Sanjeev
name: Dhyani, Veerendra
name: Baiju, Angela Anna
name: Wang, Sihao
name: Sun, Jiapeng
name: Zhou, Lin
name: Paterova, Anna
name: Leong, Victor
name: Zhu, Di
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Integrated photon-pair sources are crucial for scalable photonic quantum systems. Thin-film lithium niobate is a promising platform for on-chip photon-pair generation through spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). However, the device implementation faces practical challenges. Periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN), despite enabling flexible quasi-phase matching, suffers from poor fabrication reliability and device repeatability, while conventional modal phase matching (MPM) methods yield limited efficiencies due to inadequate mode overlaps. Here, we introduce a layer-poled lithium niobate (LPLN) nanophotonic waveguide for efficient photon-pair generation. It leverages layer-wise polarity inversion through electrical poling to break spatial symmetry and significantly enhance nonlinear interactions for MPM, achieving a notable normalized second-harmonic generation (SHG) conversion efficiency of 4615% W^{-1}cm^{-2}. Through a cascaded SHG and SPDC process, we demonstrate photon-pair generation with a normalized brightness of 3.1*10^6 Hz nm^{-1} mW^{-2} in a 3.3 mm long LPLN waveguide, surpassing existing on-chip sources under similar operating configurations. Crucially, our LPLN waveguides offer enhanced fabrication reliability and reduced sensitivity to geometric variations and temperature fluctuations compared to PPLN devices. We expect LPLN to become a promising solution for on-chip nonlinear wavelength conversion and non-classical light generation, with immediate applications in quantum communication, networking, and on-chip photonic quantum information processing.
Influence of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Potato Seed Production in Acid Soils in Kenya
Creators: name: Akoto, Evans Mutange
name: Othieno, Caleb O.
name: Ochuodho, Julius O.
name: Akoto, Evans Mutange
name: Othieno, Caleb O.
name: Ochuodho, Julius O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: seed yield
subject: specific density
subject: germination percentage
subject: soil available phosphorus
subject: tuber phosphorus
subject: “ware” potato

description: One of the major challenges facing potato (Solanum Tuberosum L) production in Kenya is the inadequate supply of high-quality seed. The required amount of potato seed in Kenya is about 70,000 tones annually but, only 1 % is available. Otherwise, farmers use low quality farm saved seed (KEPHIS, 2016). A major contributor to this situation is low and declining soil fertility, particularly phosphorus, among other challenges. Unfortunately, there is no available phosphorus fertilizer rate recommendation for seed potato production in Kenya. This hinders economic utilization of phosphorus fertilizers to achieve optimal production of quality potato seed in Kenya where its deficiencies are dominant. Therefore, this study investigated influence of different rates of phosphorus fertilizer on seed potato tuber yield and quality in three acidic (pH ≤ 5.8) test sites: Lari, Ainabkoi and Saboti sub Counties. Unica and Shangi varieties were tested. The field experiment was a split plot arrangement in Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six treatments (0 N & 0 P), 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1 phosphorus, replicated three times. Data collected included tuber weight, number of tubers, tuber grade, number of eyes per tuber, tuber specific density and final germination percentage. To monitor soil nutrient dynamics, soil pH, soil available phosphorus, total nitrogen, total carbon, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, sodium and exchangeable acidity (Lari only) were determined at planting while available phosphorus and potato tuber phosphorus were determined at harvesting. Data was statistically analysed using ANOVA at 5 % confidence levels with General Statistics (GENSTAT) and excel softwares. Results indicated that phosphorus rate significantly influenced seed tuber yield in the test sites. At Saboti, (0N & 0P) and no phosphorus application treatments for Shangi and Unica resulted in the highest seed tuber yield of 33.7 t ha-1 and 33.2 t ha-1 , respectively. At Ainabkoi, application of 60 kg ha-1 and 30 kg ha-1 phosphorus produced the highest seed tuber yields of 20.0 t ha-1 and 18.9 t ha-1 of Shangi and Unica, respectively. In Lari, application of 60 kg ha-1 and 90 kg ha-1 phosphorus produced the highest seed tuber yields of 19.0 t ha-1 and 10.4 t ha-1 of Shangi and Unica, respectively. Unica had better final germination percentage than Shangi. During the season, there was a build-up of soil available phosphorus. Thus, there is need for farmers to test their soils at the onset of every potato season.
Causal gravitational waves as a probe of free streaming particles and the expansion of the Universe
Creators: name: Hook, Anson
name: Marques-Tavares, Gustavo
name: Racco, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low frequency part of the gravitational wave spectrum generated by local physics, such as a phase transition or parametric resonance, is largely fixed by causality, offering a clean window into the early Universe. In this work, this low frequency end of the spectrum is analyzed with an emphasis on a physical understanding, such as the suppressed production of gravitational waves due to the excitation of an over-damped harmonic oscillator and their enhancement due to being frozen out while outside the horizon. Due to the difference between sub-horizon and super-horizon physics, it is inevitable that there will be a distinct spectral feature that could allow for the direct measurement of the conformal Hubble rate at which the phase transition occurred. As an example, free-streaming particles (such as the gravity waves themselves) present during the phase transition affect the production of super-horizon modes. This leads to a steeper decrease in the spectrum at low frequencies as compared to the well-known causal $k^3$ super-horizon scaling of stochastic gravity waves. If a sizable fraction of the energy density is in free-streaming particles, they even lead to the appearance of oscillatory features in the spectrum. If the universe was not radiation dominated when the waves were generated, a similar feature also occurs at the transition between sub-horizon to super-horizon causality. These features are used to show surprising consequences, such as the fact that a period of matter domination following the production of gravity waves actually increases their power spectrum at low frequencies.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures. v2: minor changes, matches the version published in JHEP
High pT Suppression in CuCu Collsions at 200 GeV/NN at RHIC
Creators: name: Bekele, Selemon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collisions between hadronic systems at relativistic energies provide a window on the small-x gluon distributions of fast moving nuclei. It has been predicted that gluon saturation effects will manifest themselves as a suppression in the transverse momentum (pT) distribution at a scale which is connected with the rapidity of the measured particles. Saturation effects are most evident at large (pseudo)-rapidity, i.e., at small angles relative to the beam direction. The dependence of the nuclear modification factor on the number of participants provides a constraint on the mechanism underlying the high-pT suppression. Here we present results for the nuclear modification factor Rcp at forward rapidity as a function of system mass comparing results from CuCu, AuAu and dAu collsions at 200 GeV/NN.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure
Interplay between strong correlations and electronic topology in the underlying kagome lattice of Na2/3CoO2
Creators: name: Gilmutdinov, I. F.
name: Schönemann, R.
name: Vignolles, D.
name: Proust, C.
name: Mukhamedshin, I. R.
name: Balicas, L.
name: Alloul, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic topology in metallic kagome compounds is under intense scrutiny. We present transport experiments in Na2/3CoO2 in which the Na order differentiates a Co kagome sub-lattice in the triangular CoO2 layers. Hall and magnetoresistance (MR) data under high fields give evidence for the coexistence of light and heavy carriers. At low temperatures, the dominant light carrier conductivity at zero field is suppressed by a B-linear MR suggesting Dirac like quasiparticles. Lifshitz transitions induced at large B and T unveil the lower mobility carriers. They display a negative B^2 MR due to scattering from magnetic moments likely pertaining to a flat band. We underline an analogy with heavy Fermion physics.
description: Title and discussion changed after review. More technical details have been added in the Supplementary Materials. Published as a letter in Phys. Rev. B (Phys. Rev. B 104, L201103). 4 figures in the Main text + 7 figures in the Supplemental Materials
Radiative Kaon Decays and the Penguin Contribution to the Delta I = 1/2 Rule
Creators: name: Gerard, Jean-Marc
name: Smith, Christopher
name: Trine, Stephanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A consistent census of penguins in the Delta I = 1/2 rule is taken from the eta0 pole contribution to the radiative KL to gamma gamma, KS to pi0 gamma gamma and K+ to pi+ gamma gamma decay modes. We briefly comment on its impact for KL to pi0 pi0 gamma gamma, KL to pi+ pi- gamma and check its compatibility with the KL - KS mass difference and the CP violating epsilon-prime / epsilon parameter.
description: 37 pages, 16 figures
title: CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED DURING THE PROCESS OF OBTAINING INFORMED CONSENT IN HUMAN SUBJECT RESEARCH: A SCOPING REVIEW PROTOCOL
Creators: name: SITUMORANG, KOMILIE
name: Pajuk, Erica Dorelia
name: Enjelika Putri Manalu
name: Kyela Friska Br Sinurat
name: Eka, Ni Gusti Ayu
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Education

description: Objective: This review will examine the definition of informed consent, how to obtain informed consent and the challenges.
Introduction: Informed consent is a procedure that is useful to encourage and invite participation in providing information to help humans reach in making research decisions. Few review studies explored challenges encountered during the process of obtaining informed consent in human subject research.
Inclusion criteria: The eligible population includes human subjects, the concept is informed consent, and the content is research. The concept of interest- informed consent is related to challenges. The context is research. Eligible studies included qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method studies. The protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF).
Methods: Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual will guide this scoping review protocol. The electronic database search uses MEDLINE with Full text (EBSCO), ScienceDirect (Elsevier), and PubMed. Relevant studies will be chosen using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data from studies describing challenges encountered during the process of obtaining informed consent in human subject research will be extracted and synthesized. Descriptive statistics and a narrative description of both quantitative and qualitative evidence will be used to present the findings.
Episodic mass loss in the very luminous red supergiant [W60] B90 in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Munoz-Sanchez, G.
name: de Wit, S.
name: Bonanos, A. Z.
name: Antoniadis, K.
name: Boutsia, K.
name: Boumis, P.
name: Christodoulou, E.
name: Kalitsounaki, M.
name: Udalski, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study delves into [W60] B90, one of the most luminous and extreme Red Supergiants (RSGs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), aiming to search for evidence of episodic mass loss. Our discovery of a bar-like nebular structure at 1 pc, reminiscent of the bar around Betelgeuse, raised the question of whether [W60] B90 also has a bow shock. We collected and analyzed proper motion data from Gaia, as well as new multi-epoch spectroscopic and imaging data, and archival time-series photometry in the optical and mid-infrared. We found [W60] B90 to be a walkaway star, with a supersonic peculiar velocity in the direction of the bar. We detected shocked emission between the bar and the star, based on the [S II]/H$α$ > 0.4 criterion, providing strong evidence for a bow shock. The 30-year optical light curve revealed semi-regular variability, showing three similar dimming events with $ΔV \sim 1$ mag, a recurrence of $\sim$12 yr, and a rise time of 400 d. We found the mid-IR light curve to vary by 0.51 mag and 0.37 mag in the WISE1 and WISE2 bands, respectively, and by 0.42 mag and 0.25 mag during the last dimming event. During this event, optical spectroscopy revealed spectral variability (M3I to M4I), a correlation between the $T_{\rm eff}$ and the brightness, increased extinction, and, after the minimum, spectral features incompatible with the models. We also found a difference of >300 K between the $T_{\rm eff}$ measured from the TiO bands in the optical and the atomic lines from our $J$-band spectroscopy. We inferred that [W60] B90 is a more massive analog of Betelgeuse in the LMC and the first extragalactic single RSG with a suspected bow shock. Its high luminosity $\log(L/L_{\odot})=5.32$ dex, mass-loss rate, and mid-IR variability compared to other RSGs in the LMC, indicate that it is in an unstable evolutionary state undergoing episodes of mass loss.
description: 28 pages, 14 figures, submitted to A&A
(Re)mind the gap: a hiatus in star formation history unveiled by APOGEE DR17
Creators: name: Spitoni, E.
name: Matteucci, F.
name: Gratton, R.
name: Ratcliffe, B.
name: Minchev, I.
name: Cescutti, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analysis of several spectroscopic surveys indicates the presence of a bimodality between the disc stars in the abundance ratio space of [$α$/Fe] versus [Fe/H]. The two stellar groups are commonly referred to as the high-$α$ and low-$α$ sequences. Some models capable of reproducing such a bimodality, invoke the presence of a hiatus in the star formation history in our Galaxy, whereas other models explain the two sequences by means of stellar migration. Our aim is to show that the existence of the gap in the star formation rate between high-$α$ and low-$α$ is evident in the stars of APOGEE DR17, if one plots [Fe/$α$] versus [$α$/H], thus confirming previous suggestions by Gratton et al. (1996) and Fuhrmann (1998). Then we try to interpret the data by means of detailed chemical models. We compare the APOGEE DR17 red giant stars with the predictions of a detailed chemical evolution model based on the two-infall paradigm, taking also into account possible accretion of dwarf satellites. The APOGEE DR17 abundance ratios [Fe/$α$] versus [$α$/H] exhibit a sharp increase of [Fe/$α$] at a nearly constant [$α$/H] (where $α$ elements considered are Mg, Si, O) during the transition between the two disc phases. This observation strongly supports the hypothesis that a hiatus in star formation occurred during this evolutionary phase. Notably, the most pronounced growth in the [Fe/$α$] versus [$α$/H] relation is observed for oxygen, as this element is exclusively synthesised in core-collapse supernovae. A chemical model predicting a stop in the star formation of a duration of roughly 3.5 Gyr, and where the high-$α$ disc starts forming from pre-enriched gas by a previous encounter with a dwarf galaxy can well explain the observations.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics (A&A), 16 pages, 13 figures
A Bayesian Nonparametric Approach for Clustering Functional Trajectories over Time
Creators: name: Liang, Mingrui
name: Koslovsky, Matthew D.
name: Hebert, Emily T.
name: Kendzor, Darla E.
name: Vannucci, Marina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Functional concurrent, or varying-coefficient, regression models are commonly used in biomedical and clinical settings to investigate how the relation between an outcome and observed covariate varies as a function of another covariate. In this work, we propose a Bayesian nonparametric approach to investigate how clusters of these functional relations evolve over time. Our model clusters individual functional trajectories within and across time periods while flexibly accommodating the evolution of the partitions across time periods with covariates. Motivated by mobile health data collected in a novel, smartphone-based smoking cessation intervention study, we demonstrate how our proposed method can simultaneously cluster functional trajectories, accommodate temporal dependence, and provide insights into the transitions between functional clusters over time.
Static spacetimes haunted by a phantom scalar field: classification and global structure in the massless case
Creators: name: Martinez, Cristian
name: Nozawa, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss various novel features of $n(\ge 4)$-dimensional spacetimes sourced by a massless (non-)phantom scalar field in general relativity. Assuming that the metric is a warped product of static two-dimensional Lorentzian spacetime and an $(n-2)$-dimensional Einstein space $K^{n-2}$ with curvature $k=0, \pm 1$, and that the scalar field depends only on the radial variable, we present a complete classification of static solutions for both signs of kinetic term. Contrary to the case with a non-phantom scalar field, the Fisher solution is not unique, and there exist two additional metrics corresponding to the generalizations of the Ellis-Gibbons solution and the Ellis-Bronnikov solution. We explore the maximal extension of these solutions in detail by the analysis of null/spacelike geodesics and singularity. For the phantom Fisher and Ellis-Gibbons solutions, we find that there inevitably appear parallelly propagated (p.p) curvature singularities in the parameter region where there are no scalar curvature singularities. Interestingly, the areal radius blows up at these p.p curvature singularities, which are nevertheless accessible within a finite affine time along the radial null geodesics. It follows that only the Ellis-Bronnikov solution describes a regular wormhole in the two-sided asymptotically flat spacetime. Using the general transformation relating the Einstein and Jordan frames, we also present a complete classification of solutions with the same symmetry coupled to a conformal scalar field. Additionally, by solving the field equations in the Jordan frame, we prove that this classification is genuinely complete.
description: 46 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables; v2 minor modifications, accepted version in PRD
Tunnelling amplitudes through localised external potentials from Feynman diagram summation
Creators: name: Zielinski, Rosemary
name: Simenel, Cedric
name: McGlynn, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Currently there is no general theory of quantum tunnelling of a particle through a potential barrier which is compatible with QFT. We present a complete calculation of tunnelling amplitudes for a scalar field for some simple potentials using quantum field-theoretic methods. Using the perturbative S-matrix formalism, starting with the Klein-Gordon Lagrangian, we show that an infinite summation of Feynman diagrams can recover tunnelling amplitudes consistent with relativistic quantum mechanics. While this work does not include many-particle effects arising from a fully quantised QFT, it is necessary to investigate QFT corrections to tunnelling amplitudes.
description: 8 pages
Elicitation to transcribe interview with Sigi
Creators: name: Rudolph, Johnny (Soni)
name: Drummond, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: nkr

description: Two .wav audio files for an elicitation to transcribe an interview with Sigi. Corresponds to page 235 in Notebook 1.
Voltage-Controlled Berry Phases in Two Coupled Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Wang, Huan
name: Zhu, Ka-Di
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The voltage-controlled Berry phases in two vertically coupled InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots are investigated theoretically. It is found that Berry phases can be changed dramatically from 0 to 2$π$ (or 2$π$ to 0) only simply by turning the external voltage. Under realistic conditions, as the tunneling is varied from $0.8eV$ to $0.9eV$ via a bias voltage, the Berry phases are altered obviously, which can be detected in an interference experiment. The scheme is expected to be useful in constructing quantum computation based on geometric phases in an asymmetrical double quantum dot controlled by voltage.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Impact of preschool hearing screening in LMICs (Odendaal et al., 2025)
Creators: name: Odendaal, Tara
name: le Roux, Talita
name: Swanepoel, De Wet
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 420102
subject: Audiology
classificationCode: 420601
subject: Community child health

description: Purpose: This study aimed to describe the impact of a preschool hearing screening program in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC) in terms of referral outcomes and caregiver perspectives.Method: This study included two components. First, a review of outcomes from a large-scale community-based hearing screening program, facilitated by community health workers (CHWs), for preschool children who failed their hearing screening. Second, telephonic surveys were conducted with (a) 25 caregivers whose children attended follow-up appointments and were diagnosed with hearing loss and (b) 33 caregivers whose children did not attend follow-up appointments.Results: Over 21 months, 13,322 children underwent hearing screening, with an initial referral rate of 6% (809). Follow-up tests at preschools covered 86.2% (697) of children who failed the initial hearing screening, of whom 47.8% (387) presented with hearing loss and were referred for further evaluation. Among the 190 attending follow-up appointments, 54.8% (104) were diagnosed with hearing loss. Of these, 71.1% (74) had conductive hearing loss, 12.5% (13) had sensorineural hearing loss, and 13.5% (14) had mixed hearing loss. Caregivers strongly supported (96%) community-based hearing screening for preschool-aged children. Notably, attendance varied significantly between preschool rescreenings (86.2%) and health care facility follow-up appointments (49.1%). Caregivers highlighted barriers to attend hearing services including work commitments, long waiting times at health care facilities, miscommunication about referrals and appointments, relocations, and COVID-19 appointment cancellations.Conclusions: This study highlights the effectiveness of community-based hearing screenings in LMICs, led by CHWs. It emphasizes strong caregiver support and the importance of culturally relevant communication. Challenges in follow-up attendance persist, emphasizing the need for improved accessibility and communication within health care systems. Prioritizing caregiver concerns and promoting culturally sensitive education are essential for improving outcomes.Supplemental Material S1. Survey evaluating caregiver perceptions of the community hearing screening, the referral process, and treatment outcomes.Supplemental Material S2. Survey investigating caregivers’ reasons for follow-up default.Odendaal, T., le Roux, T., & Swanepoel, D. W. (2025). Impact of preschool hearing screening in low-income communities: Program outcomes and caregiver perspectives. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 56(2), 325–341. https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_LSHSS-24-00070
Impedance Design of Excitation Lines in Adiabatic Quantum-Flux-Parametron Logic Using InductEx
Creators: name: Takeuchi, Naoki
name: Suzuki, Hideo
name: Fourie, Coenrad J.
name: Yoshikawa, Nobuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron (AQFP) is an energy-efficient superconductor logic family that utilizes adiabatic switching. AQFP gates are powered and clocked by ac excitation current; thus, to operate AQFP circuits at high clock frequencies, it is required to carefully design the characteristic impedance of excitation lines (especially, above AQFP gates) so that microwave excitation current can propagate without reflections in the entire circuit. In the present study, we design the characteristic impedance of the excitation line using InductEx, which is a three-dimensional parameter extractor for superconductor devices. We adjust the width of an excitation line using InductEx such that the characteristic impedance becomes 50 Ω even above an AQFP gate. Then, we fabricate test circuits to verify the impedance of the excitation line. We measure the impedance using the time domain reflectometry (TDR). We also measure the S parameters of the excitation line to investigate the maximum available clock frequency. Our experimental results indicate that the characteristic impedance of the excitation line agrees well with the design value even above AQFP gates, and that clock frequencies beyond 5 GHz are available in large-scale AQFP circuits.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Non-Spherical Core-Collapse Supernovae II. Late-Time Evolution of Globally Anisotropic Neutrino-Driven Explosions and Implications for SN 1987A
Creators: name: Kifonidis, K.
name: Plewa, T.
name: Scheck, L.
name: Janka, H. -Th.
name: Mueller, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional simulations of strongly anisotropic supernova explosions of a nonrotating 15 solar mass blue supergiant progenitor are presented, which follow the hydrodynamic evolution from times shortly after shock formation until hours later. It is shown that explosions which around the time of shock revival are dominated by low-order unstable modes (i.e. by a superposition of the l=2 and l=1 modes, in which the former is strongest), are consistent with all major observational features of SN 1987A, in contrast to models which show high-order mode perturbations only and were published in earlier work. Among other items, the low-mode models exhibit final iron-group velocities of up to 3300 km/s, strong mixing at the He/H composition interface, with hydrogen being mixed downward in velocity space to only 500 km/s, and a final prolate anisotropy of the ejecta with a major to minor axis ratio of about 1.6. The success of low-mode explosions with an energy of about 2x10**51 erg to reproduce these observed features is based on two effects: the (by 40%) larger initial maximum velocities of metal-rich clumps compared to our high-mode models, and the initial global deformation of the shock. The latter triggers the growth of a strong Richtmyer-Meshkov instability at the He/H interface that results in a global anisotropy of the inner ejecta at late times (i.e. t > 10000 s), although the shock itself has long become spherical by then. The simulations suggest a coherent picture, which explains the observational data of SN 1987A within the framework of the neutrino-driven explosion mechanism using a minimal set of assumptions. It is therefore argued that other paradigms, which are based on (more) controversial physics, may not be required to explain this event. (abbreviated)
description: 21 pages, 9 figures; revised version to include referee's comments; Astronomy & Astrophysics, in press; high resolution figures available upon request
Effect of Timing of Urea Application or Red Clover Incorporation on Forage and Animal Production
Creators: name: Scaglia, Guillermo
name: Scaglia, Guillermo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: annual ryegrass
subject: clovers
subject: fertilization strategy
subject: grazing
subject: overseeding
subject: urea

description: Efficient use of land resources is a major objective for beef cattle producers. Incorporating high nutritive value forages into warm perennial grasses, increases animal production and reduces hay feeding, hence reducing production costs. The moment of chemical fertilizer application or the use of clovers to provide N in pastoral systems can be possible strategies to reduce inputs and decrease negative effects in the environment (N losses through leaching or evaporation) without affecting animal performance and gains per unit of land. In the conditions of the present experiment, the treatment with one application of N (as urea) in January (after grazing started) produced the same amount of forage, average daily gains (ADG), and gain per hectare than the treatment with two applications (November and January) at a lower cost of production. When red clover (legume) was used with annual ryegrass without any chemical fertilizer, forage and animal performance were reduced when compared to the other two treatments and cost of production was the greatest. Strategically applying N based on plant growth patterns and grazing management strategies, reduced cost of production without any impact on the animal-plant subsystem. Legumes as a source of N for annual pastures may not be enough to maintain appropriate production while seed cost should also be considered.
Energy-Efficient Federated Edge Learning with Streaming Data: A Lyapunov Optimization Approach
Creators: name: Hu, Chung-Hsuan
name: Chen, Zheng
name: Larsson, Erik G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Federated learning (FL) has received significant attention in recent years for its advantages in efficient training of machine learning models across distributed clients without disclosing user-sensitive data. Specifically, in federated edge learning (FEEL) systems, the time-varying nature of wireless channels introduces inevitable system dynamics in the communication process, thereby affecting training latency and energy consumption. In this work, we further consider a streaming data scenario where new training data samples are randomly generated over time at edge devices. Our goal is to develop a dynamic scheduling and resource allocation algorithm to address the inherent randomness in data arrivals and resource availability under long-term energy constraints. To achieve this, we formulate a stochastic network optimization problem and use the Lyapunov drift-plus-penalty framework to obtain a dynamic resource management design. Our proposed algorithm makes adaptive decisions on device scheduling, computational capacity adjustment, and allocation of bandwidth and transmit power in every round. We provide convergence analysis for the considered setting with heterogeneous data and time-varying objective functions, which supports the rationale behind our proposed scheduling design. The effectiveness of our scheme is verified through simulation results, demonstrating improved learning performance and energy efficiency as compared to baseline schemes.
A NOTE ON FORMULATION OF PROPORTIONALITY RESTRAINTS IN LINEAR PROGRAMMING BLENDING PROBLEMS
Creators: name: Filan, S.J.
name: Filan, S.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1976
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: A class of restraints on proportions is observed to be relevant in many applications of linear programming, but problem formulation for these restraints has received little attention in the literature. An approach reported by Taylor [5] is summarized, and an alternative approach is outlined. The alternative is equivalent to the first approach but provides simplicity in problem specification and economies in data preparation.
Shayx Muhammad Sodiq Muhammad Yusufning hazratlarining  ma'naviy merosi
Creators: name: Baxriddinova Ruxshona Baxodirovna, Toshkent axborot texnologiyalari universiteti Samarqand filiali AKTKT fakulteti  AKT 23-01 guruh talabasi
name: Ilmiy rahbar: X.U.Samatov
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu  maqolada  Shayx  hazratlarining  hayoti,  qay  darajada  yetuk inson ekanligi, jamiyat taraqqiyoti uchun qo`shgan hissalari, boy ma’naviy merosi, hamda Islom dini olamida tutgan o`rni haqida so`z yuritiladi.
Effects of pulsed low frequency electromagnetic fields on water using photoluminescence spectroscopy: role of bubble/water interface
Creators: name: Vallée, Philippe
name: Lafait, Jacques
name: Mentré, Pascale
name: Monod, Marie-Odile
name: Thomas, Yolène
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of a pulsed low frequency electromagnetic field were investigated on photoluminescence of well characterized water and prepared under controlled conditions (container, atmospheric, electromagnetic, and acoustic environments). When reference water samples were excited at 260 nm, two wide emission bands centered at 345 nm (3.6 eV) and 425 nm (2.9 eV) were observed. By contrast under 310 nm excitation, only one band appeared at 425 nm. Interestingly, electromagnetic treatment (EMT) induced, at both excitation wavelengths, a decrease (around 70%) in the 425 nm band relative photoluminescence intensity. However, no difference between reference and treated sample was observed in the 345 nm band. Other experiments, performed on outgassed samples (reference and treated), show that the emission bands (position, shape, intensity) under excitation at 260 nm and 310 nm were similar and close to the corresponding bands of the treated nonoutgassed samples. Similar effects were observed on photoluminescence excitation of water samples. Two excitation bands monitored at 425 nm were observed at 272 nm and 330 nm. After EMT and/or outgassing, a decrease (> 60%) was observed in the intensity of these two bands. Altogether, these results indicate that electromagnetic treatment and/or outgassing decrease in a similar fashion the photoluminescence intensity in water samples. They also suggest that this effect is most likely indirectly attributed to the presence of gas bubbles in water. The possible role of hydrated ionic shell around the bubbles in the observed extraluminescence is discussed.
description: Journal of Chemical Physics 2005, in press
Torres, Sergio / Fabella, Virginia / Appiah-Kubi, Kofi: Dem Evangelium auf der Spur
Creators: name: Wille, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 30 Nr. 4 (1981): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 30, Heft 4
Slow-roll approximation in quantum cosmology
Creators: name: Janssen, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In minimally coupled scalar field theories with a potential of the slow-roll type, we give a detailed description of the complex $O(4)$-symmetric solutions to Einstein's equations on the four-ball which contribute to the no-boundary amplitude $Ψ_\textsf{NB}(b,χ)$ for a closed universe to contain a round three-sphere spatial slice of size $b$ covered homogeneously with the scalar field at value $χ$. Our derivation demonstrates a result anticipated by Hartle, Hawking and Hertog in Phys. Rev. D 77 (2008) 123537 [arXiv:0803.1663], sharpens Vilenkin's result in Phys. Rev. D 37 (1988) 888 in the classical regime of the minisuperspace and makes use of a complexified slow-roll approximation. Our technique applies to both the Hartle-Hawking and Vilenkin wave functions, which both predict a family of inflationary universes but weight each member exponentially differently in the semiclassical approximation.
description: 32+8 pages, 2 figures. Version to be published in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Robbea weberae Scharhauser, Saavedra, Pröts, Ot, Geier, Gruber-Vodicka, Polikarpov, Bourenkov & Leisch, 2025, sp.nov.
Creators: name: Scharhauser, Florian
name: Saavedra, Daniel E. M.
name: Pröts, Philipp
name: Ot, Jörg A.
name: Geier, Benedikt
name: Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.
name: Polikarpov, Maxim
name: Bourenkov, Gleb
name: Leisch, Nikolaus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Desmodorida
Desmodoridae
Robbea
Robbea weberae

description: Robbea weberae sp.nov.
ZooBank registration: http://zoobank.org: urn:lsid:zoobank.org: act: 00CF1524-8B96-40F2-8A40-EC4AEC20BD99.
Type location: Bay of Sant’ Andrea, Elba, Italy; subtidal sand in 5–6 m depth. Coordinates: 42.808342N, 10.141764 E.
Type material: One holotype (NHMW-ZOO-EV-M-5866), five paratypes male (NHMW-ZOO-EV-M-5867/1-5), two paratypes female (NHMW-ZOO-EV-M-5868/1-2). Collection date: April 2016. Collector: F. Scharhauser.
Other material: Several specimens in J.A. Ott collection.
Etymology: The species is dedicated to Miriam Weber, scientist and our host at the Hydra Marine Station, Elba.
Description: With the characters of the genus. Measurements see Supporting Information, Table S2.
Large (L> 7mm), extremely slender (a> 200) species, females with much shorter tail than males (Figures 6 and 7). Post-pharyngeal ventral GSO enlarged but not protruding. Cephalic capsule extending over 55–60% of corpus. Corpus about 25% of pharynx length, isthmus 60–63%, bulbus 13–17%. Cuticle extremely finely striated, striae 0.4 µm wide. Vulva strongly cuticularized. Tail conical with rounded tip. Symbiotic bacteria rods, 2.3–2.6X1 µm.
description: Published as part of Scharhauser, Florian, Saavedra, Daniel E. M., Pröts, Philipp, Ot, Jörg A., Geier, Benedikt, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Polikarpov, Maxim, Bourenkov, Gleb & Leisch, Nikolaus, 2025, Revision of the genus Robbea (Stilbonematinae: Desmodoridae), worldwide abundant marine nematodes with chromophoric Fe-Br inclusions and the description of a new stilbonematine genus, pp. 1-28 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 203 (1) on page 7, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae005, http://zenodo.org/record/14850743
Transformation groups of certain flat affine manifolds
Creators: name: Saldarriaga, O.
name: Flórez, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we characterize the group of affine transformations of a flat affine simply connected manifold whose developing map is a diffeomorphism. This is proved by making use of some simple facts about homeomorphisms of $\mathbb{R}^n$ preserving open connected sets. We show some examples where the characterization is useful.
description: This is a preprint of an article published in Sao Paulo Journal of Mathematics. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40863-021-00223-6
XMM-Newton and Chandra observations of the ultra-compact binary RX J1914+24
Creators: name: Ramsay, Gavin
name: Cropper, Mark
name: Hakala, Pasi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of the X-ray source RX J1914+24 has been the subject of much debate. It shows a prominent period of 569 sec in X-rays and the optical/infra-red: in most models this has been interpreted as the binary orbital period. We present our analysis of new XMM-Newton and Chandra data. We find a longer term trend in the XMM-Newton data and power at 556 and 585 sec in 5 sets of data. It is not clear if they are produced as a result of a beat between a longer intrinsic period and the 569 sec modulation or if they are due to secular variations. We obtain a good fit to the XMM-Newton spectrum with a low temperature thermal plasma model with an edge at 0.83keV. This model implies an unabsorbed bolometric X-ray luminosity of 1x10^{33} ergs/s (for a distance of 1kpc) - this is 2 orders of magnitude lower than our previous estimate (derived using a different model). If the distance is much less, as the absorption derived from the X-ray fits suggest, then it is even lower at \~3x10^{31} ergs/s.
description: Accepted MNRAS Letters
A critical edition of Enrique de Villena’s Tratado de la lepra
Creators: name: Sauvage, Mariá Esther
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis presents the first critical edition of the Tratado de la lepra by Enrique de Villena, and proposes to determine its relationship with the biblical exegesis of the Middle Ages. The study connects the treatise firmly with the exegetical tradition represented by Nicholas of Lyra. Enrique de Villena (1384? -1434) is a controversial figure of the late Castilian Middle Ages. Of noble birth, his quest for knowledge set him apart from his social class who traditionally pursued military careers at a time when Spain was still engaged in the Reconquista with the Moors. Villena's neglect of his role, together with the antagonism between his grandfather and the Castilian Court, deprived Don Enrique of the wealth and property that was rightfully his and forced him to lead a life not befitting a man of his social status. Villena was a self-educated 'humanist'. His pursuit of knowledge took him to the most varied disciplines, as is amply shown in the themes of his many writings. They range from lessons on how to become a 'royal carver' to rules for writing poetry, from superstitions to mythological and biblical exegesis. He supports his points of view with great agility, quoting renowned authorities of the Middle Ages and the Antiquity. Because of his vast knowledge and his attraction to unusual and obscure matters, Villena developed an unjustified and enduring reputation as a sorcerer. This reputation was specially reinforced after his death, when most of his books were sent to destruction by a royal edict. The Tratado de la lepra is a treatise on the interpretation of several passages of the biblical book of Leviticus, related to the occurrence of leprosy in walls, furniture, and garments. Villena tries to demonstrate 'scientifically' the feasibility of such an event, conferring absolute authority on the Bible. This work has been relatively overlooked by modern scholars, partly because the biblical passages it refers to are not ambiguous enough to justify the need for interpretation.
Analytic solutions for the $Λ$-FRW Model
Creators: name: Aldrovandi, R.
name: Cuzinatto, R. R.
name: Medeiros, L. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The high precision attained by cosmological data in the last few years has increased the interest in exact solutions. Analytic expressions for solutions in the Standard Model are presented here for all combinations of $Λ= 0$, $Λ\ne 0$, $κ= 0$ and $κ\ne 0$, in the presence and absence of radiation and nonrelativistic matter. The most complete case (here called the $ΛγCDM$ Model) has $Λ\ne 0, κ\ne 0$, and supposes the presence of radiation and dust. It exhibits clearly the recent onset of acceleration. The treatment includes particular models of interest such as the $Λ$CDM Model (which includes the cosmological constant plus cold dark matter as source constituents).
description: 17 pages, 2 figures; published version
Charge inversion of colloids in an exactly solvable model
Creators: name: Tellez, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a two-dimensional model for a long cylindrical stiff charged macroion immersed in a charge-asymmetric electrolyte with charge ratio +2/-1. The model is integrable and it allows an exact analytical determination of the effective charge of the macroion, which characterizes the electrostatic potential at large distances (compared to the screening length) from the macroion. At at high coulombic coupling, this model predicts charge inversion: for a highly negatively charged macroion, the effective charge could become positive, indicating an overscreening of the macroion by the divalent counterions. By studying the behavior of the coions and counterions density profiles close to the macroion, we show that the counterion condensation threshold is shifted to a lower value in absolute value. This plays an important role in the charge inversion phenomenon.
THE EFFECT OF AGRICULTURE ON COUNTRY TOWN POPULATION IN THE GRAZING AND WHEAT GROWING REGIONS OF NEW SOUTH WALES
Creators: name: Davidson, Bruce Robinson
name: Davidson, Bruce Robinson
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1976
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: An attempt was made to identify the factors which determined the rate of growth of the populations of country towns in the grazing and wheat growing regions of New South Wales between 1958 and 1971. The town population increased even though farm population declined during the period studied. In the Wheat and Sheep Zone and on the Northern Tablelands the rate of growth of country town population appeared to be determined by the rate of growth in the gross revenue from agriculture. In all other regions agricultural factors appeared to have little effect on the rate of growth of country towns.