cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Knowledge-Guided Optimization for Complex Vehicle Routing with 3D Loading Constraints: Supplementary Material
Creators: name: Zhang, Han
name: Li, Qing
name: Yao, Xin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Supplementary material of our paper "Knowledge-Guided Optimization for Complex Vehicle Routing with 3D Loading Constraints", accepted by PPSN2024.
MPEC 2024-K149 : DAILY ORBIT UPDATE (2024 May 31)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Appendix_1_online_supp – Supplemental material for A New Method for Model-Based Health Economic Evaluation Utilizing and Extending Moment-Generating Functions
Creators: name: Snowsill, Tristan
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 111708 Health and Community Services
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: 160807 Sociological Methodology and Research Methods
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Supplemental material, Appendix_1_online_supp for A New Method for Model-Based Health Economic Evaluation Utilizing and Extending Moment-Generating Functions by Tristan Snowsill in Medical Decision Making
Certifiable Risk-Based Engineering Design Optimization
Creators: name: Chaudhuri, Anirban
name: Kramer, Boris
name: Norton, Matthew
name: Royset, Johannes O.
name: Willcox, Karen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reliable, risk-averse design of complex engineering systems with optimized performance requires dealing with uncertainties. A conventional approach is to add safety margins to a design that was obtained from deterministic optimization. Safer engineering designs require appropriate cost and constraint function definitions that capture the \textit{risk} associated with unwanted system behavior in the presence of uncertainties. The paper proposes two notions of certifiability. The first is based on accounting for the magnitude of failure to ensure data-informed conservativeness. The second is the ability to provide optimization convergence guarantees by preserving convexity. Satisfying these notions leads to \textit{certifiable} risk-based design optimization (CRiBDO). In the context of CRiBDO, risk measures based on superquantile (a.k.a.\ conditional value-at-risk) and buffered probability of failure are analyzed. CRiBDO is contrasted with reliability-based design optimization (RBDO), where uncertainties are accounted for via the probability of failure, through a structural and a thermal design problem. A reformulation of the short column structural design problem leading to a convex CRiBDO problem is presented. The CRiBDO formulations capture more information about the problem to assign the appropriate conservativeness, exhibit superior optimization convergence by preserving properties of underlying functions, and alleviate the adverse effects of choosing hard failure thresholds required in RBDO.
Deflection of light rays in a moving medium around a spherically symmetric gravitating object
Creators: name: Bezděková, Barbora
name: Tsupko, Oleg Yu.
name: Pfeifer, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In most analytical studies of light ray propagation in curved spacetimes around a gravitating object surrounded by a medium, it is assumed that the medium is a cold nonmagnetized plasma. The distinctive feature of this environment is that the equations of motion of the rays are independent of the plasma velocity, which, however, is not the case in other media. In this paper, we consider the deflection of light rays propagating near a spherically symmetric gravitating object in a moving dispersive medium given by a general refractive index. The deflection is studied when the motion of the medium is defined either as a radially falling onto a gravitating object (e.g., black hole), or rotating in the equatorial plane. For both cases the deflection angles are obtained. These examples demonstrate that fully analytic expressions can be obtained if the Hamiltonian for the rays takes a rather general form as a polynomial in a given momentum component. The general expressions are further applied to three specific choices of refractive indices and these cases are compared. Furthermore, the light rays propagating around a gravitating object surrounded by a generally moving medium are further studied as a small perturbation of the cold plasma model. The deflection angle formula is hence expressed as a sum of zeroth and first order components, where the zeroth order term corresponds to the known cold plasma case and the first order correction can be interpreted as caused by small difference in the refractive index compared to the cold plasma. The results presented in this paper allow to describe the effects caused by the motion of a medium and thus go beyond cold nonmagnetized plasma model.
Circle radius distributions determine random close packing density
Creators: name: Meer, David J.
name: Galoustian, Isabela
name: Manuel, Julio Gabriel de Falco
name: Weeks, Eric R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Circles of a single size can pack together densely in a hexagonal lattice, but adding in size variety disrupts the order of those packings. We conduct simulations which generate dense random packings of circles with specified size distributions, and measure the area fraction in each case. While the size distributions can be arbitrary, we find that for a wide range of size distributions the random close packing area fraction $ϕ_{rcp}$ is determined to high accuracy by the polydispersity and skewness of the size distribution. At low skewness, all packings tend to a minimum packing fraction $ϕ_0 \approx 0.840$ independent of polydispersity. In the limit of high skewness, $ϕ_{rcp}$ becomes independent of skewness, asymptoting to a polydispersity-dependent limit. We show how these results can be predicted from the behavior of simple, bidisperse or bi-Gaussian circle size distributions.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, 1 appendix, 1 supplemental data
What is a meaningful representation of protein sequences?
Creators: name: Detlefsen, Nicki Skafte
name: Hauberg, Søren
name: Boomsma, Wouter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: How we choose to represent our data has a fundamental impact on our ability to subsequently extract information from them. Machine learning promises to automatically determine efficient representations from large unstructured datasets, such as those arising in biology. However, empirical evidence suggests that seemingly minor changes to these machine learning models yield drastically different data representations that result in different biological interpretations of data. This begs the question of what even constitutes the most meaningful representation. Here, we approach this question for representations of protein sequences, which have received considerable attention in the recent literature. We explore two key contexts in which representations naturally arise: transfer learning and interpretable learning. In the first context, we demonstrate that several contemporary practices yield suboptimal performance, and in the latter we demonstrate that taking representation geometry into account significantly improves interpretability and lets the models reveal biological information that is otherwise obscured.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
A Discrete Model of Collective Marching on Rings
Creators: name: Amir, Michael
name: Agmon, Noa
name: Bruckstein, Alfred M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the collective motion of autonomous mobile agents on a ringlike environment. The agents' dynamics is inspired by known laboratory experiments on the dynamics of locust swarms. In these experiments, locusts placed at arbitrary locations and initial orientations on a ring-shaped arena are observed to eventually all march in the same direction. In this work we ask whether, and how fast, a similar phenomenon occurs in a stochastic swarm of simple agents whose goal is to maintain the same direction of motion for as long as possible. The agents are randomly initiated as marching either clockwise or counterclockwise on a wide ring-shaped region, which we model as $k$ "narrow" concentric tracks on a cylinder. Collisions cause agents to change their direction of motion. To avoid this, agents may decide to switch tracks so as to merge with platoons of agents marching in their direction. We prove that such agents must eventually converge to a local consensus about their direction of motion, meaning that all agents on each narrow track must eventually march in the same direction. We give asymptotic bounds for the expected amount of time it takes for such convergence or "stabilization" to occur, which depends on the number of agents, the length of the tracks, and the number of tracks. We show that when agents also have a small probability of "erratic", random track-jumping behaviour, a global consensus on the direction of motion across all tracks will eventually be reached. Finally, we verify our theoretical findings in numerical simulations.
description: Corrected various typographical errors and some minor mathematical error in the statement of the theorem about erratic behavior. In an upcoming extended version we refine the bounds of Theorem 10 to O(log(k)n^2,mn)
Scalable Graph Neural Network-based framework for identifying critical nodes and links in Complex Networks
Creators: name: Munikoti, Sai
name: Das, Laya
name: Natarajan, Balasubramaniam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Identifying critical nodes and links in graphs is a crucial task. These nodes/links typically represent critical elements/communication links that play a key role in a system's performance. However, a majority of the methods available in the literature on the identification of critical nodes/links are based on an iterative approach that explores each node/link of a graph at a time, repeating for all nodes/links in the graph. Such methods suffer from high computational complexity and the resulting analysis is also network-specific. To overcome these challenges, this article proposes a scalable and generic graph neural network (GNN) based framework for identifying critical nodes/links in large complex networks. The proposed framework defines a GNN based model that learns the node/link criticality score on a small representative subset of nodes/links. An appropriately trained model can be employed to predict the scores of unseen nodes/links in large graphs and consequently identify the most critical ones. The scalability of the framework is demonstrated through prediction of nodes/links scores in large scale synthetic and real-world networks. The proposed approach is fairly accurate in approximating the criticality scores and offers a significant computational advantage over conventional approaches.
description: 29 pages, single column, 3 figures
Bayesian Graph Neural Network for Fast identification of critical nodes in Uncertain Complex Networks
Creators: name: Munikoti, Sai
name: Das, Laya
name: Natarajan, Balasubramaniam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the quest to improve efficiency, interdependence and complexity are becoming defining characteristics of modern complex networks representing engineered and natural systems. Graph theory is a widely used framework for modeling such complex networks and to evaluate their robustness to disruptions. Particularly, identification of critical nodes/links in a graph can facilitate the enhancement of graph (system) robustness and characterize crucial factors of system performance. Most existing methods of critical node identification are based on an iterative approach that explores each node/link of a graph. These methods suffer from high computational complexity and the resulting analysis is network specific. Additionally, uncertainty associated with the underlying graphical model further limits the potential value of these traditional approaches. To overcome these challenges, we propose a Bayesian graph neural network based node classification framework that is computationally efficient and systematically incorporates uncertainties. Instead of utilizing the observed graph for training the model, a MAP estimate of the graph is computed based on the observed topology and node target labels. Further, a Monte-Carlo (MC) dropout algorithm is incorporated to account for the epistemic uncertainty. The fidelity and the gain in computational complexity offered by the Bayesian framework is illustrated using simulation results.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, 3 Tables
A CNN Approach to Simultaneously Count Plants and Detect Plantation-Rows from UAV Imagery
Creators: name: Osco, Lucas Prado
name: de Arruda, Mauro dos Santos
name: Gonçalves, Diogo Nunes
name: Dias, Alexandre
name: Batistoti, Juliana
name: de Souza, Mauricio
name: Gomes, Felipe David Georges
name: Ramos, Ana Paula Marques
name: Jorge, Lúcio André de Castro
name: Liesenberg, Veraldo
name: Li, Jonathan
name: Ma, Lingfei
name: Junior, José Marcato
name: Gonçalves, Wesley Nunes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: J.2

description: In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning method based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that simultaneously detects and geolocates plantation-rows while counting its plants considering highly-dense plantation configurations. The experimental setup was evaluated in a cornfield with different growth stages and in a Citrus orchard. Both datasets characterize different plant density scenarios, locations, types of crops, sensors, and dates. A two-branch architecture was implemented in our CNN method, where the information obtained within the plantation-row is updated into the plant detection branch and retro-feed to the row branch; which are then refined by a Multi-Stage Refinement method. In the corn plantation datasets (with both growth phases, young and mature), our approach returned a mean absolute error (MAE) of 6.224 plants per image patch, a mean relative error (MRE) of 0.1038, precision and recall values of 0.856, and 0.905, respectively, and an F-measure equal to 0.876. These results were superior to the results from other deep networks (HRNet, Faster R-CNN, and RetinaNet) evaluated with the same task and dataset. For the plantation-row detection, our approach returned precision, recall, and F-measure scores of 0.913, 0.941, and 0.925, respectively. To test the robustness of our model with a different type of agriculture, we performed the same task in the citrus orchard dataset. It returned an MAE equal to 1.409 citrus-trees per patch, MRE of 0.0615, precision of 0.922, recall of 0.911, and F-measure of 0.965. For citrus plantation-row detection, our approach resulted in precision, recall, and F-measure scores equal to 0.965, 0.970, and 0.964, respectively. The proposed method achieved state-of-the-art performance for counting and geolocating plants and plant-rows in UAV images from different types of crops.
description: 27 pages, 12 figures, 9 tables
Additional file 1 of Estimating health state utilities in Duchenne muscular dystrophy using the health utilities index and EQ-5D-5L
Creators: name: Audhya, Ivana F.
name: Szabo, Shelagh M.
name: Bever, Andrea
name: O’Sullivan, Fiona
name: Malone, Daniel C.
name: Feeny, David
name: Neumann, Peter
name: Iannaccone, Susan T.
name: Jayasinghe, P.
name: Gooch, Katherine L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Appendix Figure 1: Schema used to classify functional status among study participants.
Quotient Maps and Configuration Spaces of Hard Disks
Creators: name: Ericok, O. B.
name: Mason, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hard disks systems are often considered as prototypes for simple fluids. In a statistical mechanics context, the hard disk configuration space is generally quotiented by the action of various symmetry groups. The changes in the topological and geometric properties of the configuration spaces effected by such quotient maps are studied for small numbers of disks on a square and hexagonal torus. A metric is defined on the configuration space and the various quotient spaces that respects the desired symmetries. This is used to construct explicit triangulations of the configuration spaces as $α$-complexes. Critical points in a configuration space are associated with changes in the topology as a function of disk radius, are conjectured to be related to the configurational entropy of glassy systems, and could reveal the origins of phase transitions in other systems. The number and topological and geometric properties of the critical points are found to depend on the symmetries by which the configuration space is quotiented.
Statistics for Anticyclotomic Iwasawa Invariants of Elliptic Curves
Creators: name: Hatley, Jeffrey
name: Kundu, Debanjana
name: Ray, Anwesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G05, 11R23 (Primary), 11R45 (Secondary)

description: We study the average behaviour of the Iwasawa invariants for Selmer groups of elliptic curves, considered over anticyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extensions in both the definite and indefinite settings. The results in this paper lie at the intersection of arithmetic statistics and Iwasawa theory.
description: final version, to appear in Mathematische Zeitschrift
Multistage BiCross encoder for multilingual access to COVID-19 health information
Creators: name: Singh, Iknoor
name: Scarton, Carolina
name: Bontcheva, Kalina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a rapidly growing 'infodemic' of health information online. This has motivated the need for accurate semantic search and retrieval of reliable COVID-19 information across millions of documents, in multiple languages. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel high precision and high recall neural Multistage BiCross encoder approach. It is a sequential three-stage ranking pipeline which uses the Okapi BM25 retrieval algorithm and transformer-based bi-encoder and cross-encoder to effectively rank the documents with respect to the given query. We present experimental results from our participation in the Multilingual Information Access (MLIA) shared task on COVID-19 multilingual semantic search. The independently evaluated MLIA results validate our approach and demonstrate that it outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches according to nearly all evaluation metrics in cases of both monolingual and bilingual runs.
Additional file 1 of The effect of Saccharomyces boulardii supplementation on Helicobacter pylori eradication in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Liu, Lian-Hua
name: Han, Bin
name: Tao, Jing
name: Zhang, Kai
name: Wang, Xi-Ke
name: Wang, Wen-Yu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Nonminimally coupled scalar field in Schwarzschild--de Sitter spacetime: Geodesic synchrotron radiation
Creators: name: Brito, João P. B.
name: Bernar, Rafael P.
name: Crispino, Luís C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the scalar radiation emitted by a source interacting with a nonminimally coupled scalar field in four-dimensional Schwarzschild--de Sitter spacetime. We obtain the emission probability using quantum field theory in curved spacetimes at tree level. We find that the source emits synchrotron-type radiation for orbits near the photon sphere for all allowed values of the parameters. We also find that the emitted power strongly depends on the coupling to the curvature scalar. In particular, the previously observed enhancement in the contribution of lower multipoles to the emitted power in this spacetime with minimal coupling is absent when conformal coupling is considered.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, published version
Toeplitz algebras of semigroups
Creators: name: Laca, Marcelo
name: Sehnem, Camila F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L05 (Primary) 46L55, 20M30, 11R04, 47B35 (Secondary)

description: To each monoid $P$ that embeds in a group we associate a universal Toeplitz C*-algebra $T_u(P)$ defined via generators and relations; $T_u(P)$ is a quotient of Li's semigroup C*-algebra $C^*(P)$ and they are isomorphic if and only if $P$ satisfies independence. We give a partial crossed product realization of $T_u(P)$ and show that several key results known for $C^*(P)$ when $P$ satisfies independence are also valid for $T_u(P)$ when independence fails. At the level of the reduced semigroup C*-algebra $T_r(P)$, we show that nontrivial ideals have nontrivial intersection with the reduced crossed product of the diagonal subalgebra by the action of the group of units of $P$, generalizing a result of Li for monoids with trivial unit group. We also characterize when the action of the group of units is topologically free and we show that in this case a representation of $T_r(P)$ is faithful iff it is jointly proper. This yields a uniqueness theorem for C*-algebras generated by semigroups of isometries that unifies several classical results. We provide a presentation for the covariance algebra of the product system over $P$ with one-dimensional fibers in terms of a notion of foundation sets of constructible ideals that generalizes that of Sims and Yeend for quasi-lattice orders. The covariance algebra is a full, or universal, analogue of the boundary quotient. We give purely algebraic sufficient conditions on $P$ for the boundary quotient to be purely infinite simple, which reduce to Starling's conditions in the case of right LCM monoids. We discuss applications of our results to examples that include a numerical semigroup and the $ax+b$-monoid of an integral domain. This is particularly interesting in the case of nonmaximal orders in number fields, for which we show independence always fails. In addition, we simplify and generalize results for right LCM monoids.
description: Added two references, former Proposition 6.18 became Theorem 6.18 with same statement and proof, minor typos were corrected. Final version, to appear in Transactions of the AMS. 50 pages, 1 table
Additional file 1 of Improving value for underserved populations with a community-based intervention: a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Pinnock, Claude
name: Rothen, John
name: Carlough, Tom
name: Shah, Nirav R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Counting and Locating High-Density Objects Using Convolutional Neural Network
Creators: name: de Arruda, Mauro dos Santos
name: Osco, Lucas Prado
name: Acosta, Plabiany Rodrigo
name: Gonçalves, Diogo Nunes
name: Junior, José Marcato
name: Ramos, Ana Paula Marques
name: Matsubara, Edson Takashi
name: Luo, Zhipeng
name: Li, Jonathan
name: Silva, Jonathan de Andrade
name: Gonçalves, Wesley Nunes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.1
subject: 68T07

description: This paper presents a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) approach for counting and locating objects in high-density imagery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first object counting and locating method based on a feature map enhancement and a Multi-Stage Refinement of the confidence map. The proposed method was evaluated in two counting datasets: tree and car. For the tree dataset, our method returned a mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.05, a root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 2.87 and a coefficient of determination (R$^2$) of 0.986. For the car dataset (CARPK and PUCPR+), our method was superior to state-of-the-art methods. In the these datasets, our approach achieved an MAE of 4.45 and 3.16, an RMSE of 6.18 and 4.39, and an R$^2$ of 0.975 and 0.999, respectively. The proposed method is suitable for dealing with high object-density, returning a state-of-the-art performance for counting and locating objects.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, 8 tables
SYPHILIS DISEASE AND DIAGNOSIS
Creators: name: Isaqova, Nasiba
name: Mamadjonova, O'g'ilchaxon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Syphilis or wound disease is a sexually transmitted disease that can cause serious complications if left untreated, but can be easily treated with the right approach. The causative agent is the bacterium Treponema pallidum[1,2,3]. The disease is divided into stages (primary, secondary, hidden and tertiary). Each stage of the disease has its own different symptoms.
Semantic Segmentation with Labeling Uncertainty and Class Imbalance
Creators: name: Bressan, Patrik Olã
name: Junior, José Marcato
name: Martins, José Augusto Correa
name: Gonçalves, Diogo Nunes
name: Freitas, Daniel Matte
name: Osco, Lucas Prado
name: Silva, Jonathan de Andrade
name: Luo, Zhipeng
name: Li, Jonathan
name: Garcia, Raymundo Cordero
name: Gonçalves, Wesley Nunes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.1
subject: 68T07

description: Recently, methods based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) achieved impressive success in semantic segmentation tasks. However, challenges such as the class imbalance and the uncertainty in the pixel-labeling process are not completely addressed. As such, we present a new approach that calculates a weight for each pixel considering its class and uncertainty during the labeling process. The pixel-wise weights are used during training to increase or decrease the importance of the pixels. Experimental results show that the proposed approach leads to significant improvements in three challenging segmentation tasks in comparison to baseline methods. It was also proved to be more invariant to noise. The approach presented here may be used within a wide range of semantic segmentation methods to improve their robustness.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables
Additional file 1 of Effect of sugar-sweetened beverage taxation on sugars intake and dental caries: an umbrella review of a global perspective
Creators: name: Hajishafiee, Maryam
name: Kapellas, Kostas
name: Listl, Stefan
name: Pattamatta, Madhuri
name: Gkekas, Athanasios
name: Moynihan, Paula
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology
Science Policy
Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Search Strategies.
Additional file 3 of Effect of sugar-sweetened beverage taxation on sugars intake and dental caries: an umbrella review of a global perspective
Creators: name: Hajishafiee, Maryam
name: Kapellas, Kostas
name: Listl, Stefan
name: Pattamatta, Madhuri
name: Gkekas, Athanasios
name: Moynihan, Paula
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology
Science Policy
Hematology

description: Additional file 3. Data extraction forms for included systematic reviews addressing Questions 1 and 2.
Data_collection_instruments_AJMH – Supplemental material for Zulu Men’s Conceptions, Understanding, and Experiences of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Creators: name: Celenkosini Thembelenkosini Nxumalo
name: Gugu Gladness Mchunu
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111708 Health and Community Services
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified

description: Supplemental material, Data_collection_instruments_AJMH for Zulu Men’s Conceptions, Understanding, and Experiences of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa by Celenkosini Thembelenkosini Nxumalo and Gugu Gladness Mchunu in American Journal of Men’s Health
title: The Rhetoric and Reality of Famine in Early Modern Europe
Creators: name: Adams, Karen Russell
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2001

description: Famine in early modern Europe was a reoccurring phenomenon that caused stress on individuals and their societies. In most historical accounts of famine, authors have placed emphasis on either the physical aspects of starvation, including studies of famine victims, both live and post mortem, or the disastrous effects of such crises on demographics. On occasion, a researcher has instead probed the accounts of famine left behind by its victims. This essay is an attempt to correlate famine narratives with the biological aspects of starvation.

In order to blend the physical and social aspects of famine, this researcher has investigated three subsistence crises that occurred in Rouen, France in 1591-2, in La Rochelle, France in 1628, and in northwestern England in the 1590s. Statistical data about birth and death rates from Rouen and northwestern England provide the necessary demographic information, and accounts of the suffering from inhabitants of La Rochelle highlight the cultural data. The demographic and cultural accounts of these three famines, along with an intensive study of the physical and psychological affects of famine, provide evidence that famine in early modern Europe was devastating both to an individual's mind and body and to his or her society as a whole. This famine study is based on the idea that any investigation of famine should include both demographic research and cultural exploration of the phenomenon. It is interdisciplinary, incorporating medical literature, scientific studies, demographic research, and literary accounts of famine to define famine both clinically and culturally.
Breast carcinosarcoma
Creators: name: Huertas Moreno, Marta
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Mammography
subject: Plain radiographic studies
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Biopsy
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Pathology

description: Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
description: female, 63 years
description: Clinical History: A 63- year-old female patient was referred to our Breast Unit due to a palpable mass in the left breast of one month of evolution.Her previous mammography was done in a screening center, outside our hospital. Final Diagnosis: Breast carcinosarcoma
PyRCN: A Toolbox for Exploration and Application of Reservoir Computing Networks
Creators: name: Steiner, Peter
name: Jalalvand, Azarakhsh
name: Stone, Simon
name: Birkholz, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reservoir Computing Networks (RCNs) belong to a group of machine learning techniques that project the input space non-linearly into a high-dimensional feature space, where the underlying task can be solved linearly. Popular variants of RCNs are capable of solving complex tasks equivalently to widely used deep neural networks, but with a substantially simpler training paradigm based on linear regression. In this paper, we show how to uniformly describe RCNs with small and clearly defined building blocks, and we introduce the Python toolbox PyRCN (Python Reservoir Computing Networks) for optimizing, training and analyzing RCNs on arbitrarily large datasets. The tool is based on widely-used scientific packages and complies with the scikit-learn interface specification. It provides a platform for educational and exploratory analyses of RCNs, as well as a framework to apply RCNs on complex tasks including sequence processing. With a small number of building blocks, the framework allows the implementation of numerous different RCN architectures. We provide code examples on how to set up RCNs for time series prediction and for sequence classification tasks. PyRCN is around ten times faster than reference toolboxes on a benchmark task while requiring substantially less boilerplate code.
description: Preprint accepted for publication in Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Additional file 1 of Exploring the organisational structure of networks for exercise oncology provision: a social network analysis of OnkoAktiv
Creators: name: Voland, Annelie
name: Köppel, Maximilian
name: Peters, Stefan
name: Wiskemann, Joachim
name: Wäsche, Hagen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplement 1. Analysis of medical professions in number of actors and percentages per network.
Systematic KMTNet Planetary Anomaly Search, Paper I: OGLE-2019-BLG-1053Lb, A Buried Terrestrial Planet
Creators: name: Zang, Weicheng
name: Hwang, Kyu-Ha
name: Udalski, Andrzej
name: Wang, Tianshu
name: Zhu, Wei
name: Sumi, Takahiro
name: Yee, Jennifer C.
name: Gould, Andrew
name: Mao, Shude
name: Zhang, Xiangyu
name: Albrow, Michael D.
name: Chung, Sun-Ju
name: Han, Cheongho
name: Jung, Youn Kil
name: Ryu, Yoon-Hyun
name: Shin, In-Gu
name: Shvartzvald, Yossi
name: Cha, Sang-Mok
name: Kim, Dong-Jin
name: Kim, Hyoun-Woo
name: Kim, Seung-Lee
name: Lee, Chung-Uk
name: Lee, Dong-Joo
name: Lee, Yongseok
name: Park, Byeong-Gon
name: Pogge, Richard W.
name: Mróz, Przemek
name: Skowron, Jan
name: Szymański, Michał K.
name: Soszyński, Igor
name: Pietrukowicz, Paweł
name: Kozłowski, Szymon
name: Ulaczyk, Krzysztof
name: Rybicki, Krzysztof A.
name: Iwanek, Patryk
name: Wrona, Marcin
name: Gromadzki, Mariusz
name: Bond, Ian A.
name: Abe, Fumio
name: Barry, Richard
name: Bennett, David P.
name: Bhattacharya, Aparna
name: Donachie, Martin
name: Fujii, Hirosane
name: Fukui, Akihiko
name: Hirao, Yuki
name: Itow, Yoshitaka
name: Kirikawa, Rintaro
name: Kondo, Iona
name: Koshimoto, Naoki
name: Li, Man Cheung Alex
name: Matsubara, Yutaka
name: Muraki, Yasushi
name: Miyazaki, Shota
name: Olmschenk, Greg
name: Ranc, Clément
name: Rattenbury, Nicholas J.
name: Satoh, Yuki
name: Shoji, Hikaru
name: Silva, Stela Ishitani
name: Suzuki, Daisuke
name: Tanaka, Yuzuru
name: Tristram, Paul J.
name: Yamawaki, Tsubasa
name: Yonehara, Atsunori
name: Beichman, Charles A.
name: Bryden, Geoffery
name: Novati, Sebastiano Calchi
name: Carey, Sean
name: Gaudi, B. Scott
name: Henderson, Calen B.
name: Johnson, Samson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to exhume the buried signatures of "missing planetary caustics" in the KMTNet data, we conducted a systematic anomaly search to the residuals from point-source point-lens fits, based on a modified version of the KMTNet EventFinder algorithm. This search reveals the lowest mass-ratio planetary caustic to date in the microlensing event OGLE-2019-BLG-1053, for which the planetary signal had not been noticed before. The planetary system has a planet-host mass ratio of $q = (1.25 \pm 0.13) \times 10^{-5}$. A Bayesian analysis yields estimates of the mass of the host star, $M_{\rm host} = 0.61_{-0.24}^{+0.29}~M_\odot$, the mass of its planet, $M_{\rm planet} = 2.48_{-0.98}^{+1.19}~M_{\oplus}$, the projected planet-host separation, $a_\perp = 3.4_{-0.5}^{+0.5}$ au, and the lens distance of $D_{\rm L} = 6.8_{-0.9}^{+0.6}$ kpc. The discovery of this very low mass-ratio planet illustrates the utility of our method and opens a new window for a large and homogeneous sample to study the microlensing planet-host mass-ratio function down to $q \sim 10^{-5}$.
description: published by AJ
Academic Co-authorship is a Risky Game
Creators: name: Lazebnik, Teddy
name: Beck, Stephan
name: Shami, Labib
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Conducting a research project with multiple participants is a complex task that involves not only scientific but also multiple social, political, and psychological interactions. This complexity becomes particularly evident when it comes to navigating the selection process for the number and order of co-authors on the resulting manuscript for publication due to the current form of collaboration dynamics common in academia. There is currently no computational model to generate a data-driven suggestion that could be used as a baseline for understating these dynamics. To address this limitation, we have developed a first game-theory-based model to generate such a baseline for co-authorship. In our model, co-authors can issued an ultimatum to pause the publication of the manuscript until the underlying issue has been resolved. We modeled the effect of issuing one or more ultimatums and showed that they have a major impact on the ultimate number and position of co-authors and the length of the publication process. In addition, we explored the effect of two common relationships (student-advisor and colleague-colleague) on co-authorship scenarios. The results of our model are alarming and suggest that the current academic practices are not fit for purpose. Where they work, they work because of the integrity of researchers and not by a systematic design.
Interpretable machine-learning identification of the crossover from subradiance to superradiance in an atomic array
Creators: name: Lin, C. Y.
name: Jen, H. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light-matter interacting quantum systems manifest strong correlations that lead to distinct cooperative spontaneous emissions of subradiance or superradiance. To demonstrate the essence of long-range correlations in such systems, we consider an atomic array under the resonant dipole-dipole interactions (RDDI) and apply an interpretable machine learning with the integrated gradients to identify the crossover between the subradiant and superradiant sectors. The machine shows that the next nearest-neighbor couplings in RDDI play as much as the roles of nearest-neighbor ones in determining the whole eigenspectrum within the training sets. Our results present the advantage of machine learning approach with explainable ability to reveal the underlying mechanism of correlations in quantum optical systems, which can be potentially applied to investigate many other strongly interacting quantum many-body systems.
description: 9 figures
DS_10.1177_1941738119853825 – Supplemental material for Return to Sport After Coracoid Transfer in Athletes With Anterior Shoulder Instability: A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Glogovac, Georgina
name: Schumaier, Adam P.
name: Grawe, Brian M.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 111708 Health and Community Services
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110314 Orthopaedics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110604 Sports Medicine

description: Supplemental material, DS_10.1177_1941738119853825 for Return to Sport After Coracoid Transfer in Athletes With Anterior Shoulder Instability: A Systematic Review by Georgina Glogovac, Adam P. Schumaier and Brian M. Grawe in Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Sicurezza nazionale e diritto di libertà religiosa. Alcune considerazioni alla luce della recente esperienza statunitense
Creators: name: Annicchino, Pasquale
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2017
Subjects: Diritto ecclesiastico comparato e straniero

description: Il contributo, sottoposto a valutazione, è destinato alla pubblicazione nel volume a cura di G. Macrì, P. Annicchino, Diritto, Religione e Politica nell’Arena Internazionale, Rubbettino, Soveria Mannelli, 2017.
SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione – 2. La sorveglianza di massa alla luce del caso “Snowden” – 3. Il caso del New York Police Department – 4. Primo emendamento costituzionale e nuove tecnologie – 5. Conclusioni.
description: Stato, Chiese e pluralismo confessionale, 2017: 13 febbraio
Searching for light neutralinos with a displaced vertex at the LHC
Creators: name: Cottin, Giovanna
name: Helo, Juan Carlos
name: Hernández-Pinto, Fabián
name: Neill, Nicolás A.
name: Wang, Zeren Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a bino-like light neutralino ($\tilde χ_1^0$) produced at the LHC from the decay of a scalar lepton ($\tilde e_L$) through the process $pp\to \tilde e_{L} \to e\tilde χ_1^0$ in the context of R-parity-violating (RPV) supersymmetry where $\tilde χ_1^0$ is the lightest supersymmetric particle. For small masses and RPV couplings, the neutralino is naturally long-lived and its decay products can be identified as displaced tracks. Following existing searches, we propose a displaced-vertex search strategy for such a light neutralino with a single RPV coupling switched on, $λ'_{111}$, in the mass range $10\,\mbox{GeV} \lesssim m_{\tilde χ_1^0}\lesssim 230\,\mbox{GeV}$. We perform Monte Carlo simulations and conclude that at the high-luminosity LHC, the proposed search can probe values of $λ'_{111}$ down to two orders of magnitude smaller than current bounds and up to 40 times stronger than projected limits from monolepton searches.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures; v2: comment added, matches version to be published in JHEP; v3: figure 2 corrected
Additional file 1 of A randomized controlled trial for a peer-facilitated telemedicine hepatitis c treatment intervention for people who use drugs in rural communities: study protocol for the “peer tele-HCV” study
Creators: name: Herink, Megan C.
name: Seaman, Andrew
name: Leichtling, Gillian
name: Larsen, Jessica E.
name: Gailey, Tonhi
name: Cook, Ryan
name: Thomas, Ann
name: Korthuis, P. Todd
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Clinical Trial Protocol SPIRIT Checklist.
Passion_BCS_-_JHP_-_Supplementary_File – Supplemental material for Passion among breast cancer survivors: A 12-month prospective study
Creators: name: Schellenberg, Benjamin JI
name: Sabiston, Catherine M
name: Vallerand, Robert J
name: Gaudreau, Patrick
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplemental material, Passion_BCS_-_JHP_-_Supplementary_File for Passion among breast cancer survivors: A 12-month prospective study by Benjamin JI Schellenberg, Catherine M Sabiston, Robert J Vallerand and Patrick Gaudreau in Journal of Health Psychology
Small solutions of the Einstein-Boltzmann-scalar field system with Bianchi symmetry
Creators: name: Lee, Ho
name: Lee, Jiho
name: Nungesser, Ernesto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that small homogeneous solutions to the Einstein-Boltzmann-scalar field system exist globally towards the future and tend to the de Sitter solution in a suitable sense. More specifically, we assume that the spacetime is of Bianchi type I--VIII, that the matter is described by Israel particles and that there exists a scalar field with a potential which has a positive lower bound. This represents a generalization of the work [19], where a cosmological constant was considered, and a generalization of [16], where a spatially flat FLRW spacetime was considered. We obtain the global existence and asymptotic behavior of classical solutions to the Einstein-Boltzmann-scalar field system for small initial data.
description: 42 pages
Between- and within-subjects designs in preference elicitation for organic and local apples
Creators: name: Juračak, Josip
name: Drichoutis, Andreas
name: Cerjak, Marija
name: Kovačić, Damir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: experimental auctions
second (2nd) price auction
SPA
between-subjects random incentive scheme
BRIS

description: The abstract of the manuscript submitted for publishing to the European Review of Agricultural Economics. The manucript provides detailed description and results of the study of consumer preferences for organic and local apples by combining between- and within-subject design characteristics in a second price auction.