cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A double-well atom trap for fluorescence detection at the Heisenberg limit
Creators: name: Stroescu, Ion
name: Hume, David B.
name: Oberthaler, Markus K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrate an atom number detector capable of simultaneous detection of two mesoscopic ensembles with single-atom resolution. Such a sensitivity is a prerequisite for quantum metrology at a precision approaching the Heisenberg limit. Our system is based on fluorescence detection of atoms in a novel hybrid trap in which a dipole barrier divides a magneto-optical trap into two separated wells. We introduce a noise model describing the various sources contributing to the measurement error and report a limit of up to 500 atoms for single-atom resolution in the atom number difference.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Quantum impurity models of noisy qubits
Creators: name: Khveshchenko, D.V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: We demonstrate that the problem of coupled two-level systems ("qubits") which are also subject to a generic (sub-)Ohmic dissipative environment belongs to the same class of models as those describing (non)magnetic impurities embedded in strongly correlated systems. A further insight into the generalized single- and two-impurity Bose/Fermi Kondo models enables one to make specific recommendations towards a systematic engineering of highly coherent multiqubit assemblies for potential applications in quantum information processing.
STT-SNN: A Spin-Transfer-Torque Based Soft-Limiting Non-Linear Neuron for Low-Power Artificial Neural Networks
Creators: name: Fan, Deliang
name: Shim, Yong
name: Raghunathan, Anand
name: Roy, Kaushik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent years have witnessed growing interest in the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for vision, classification, and inference problems. An artificial neuron sums N weighted inputs and passes the result through a non-linear transfer function. Large-scale ANNs impose very high computing requirements for training and classification, leading to great interest in the use of post-CMOS devices to realize them in an energy efficient manner. In this paper, we propose a spin-transfer-torque (STT) device based on Domain Wall Motion (DWM) magnetic strip that can efficiently implement a Soft-limiting Non-linear Neuron (SNN) operating at ultra-low supply voltage and current. In contrast to previous spin-based neurons that can only realize hard-limiting transfer functions, the proposed STT-SNN displays a continuous resistance change with varying input current, and can therefore be employed to implement a soft-limiting neuron transfer function. Soft-limiting neurons are greatly preferred to hard-limiting ones due to their much improved modeling capacity, which leads to higher network accuracy and lower network complexity. We also present an ANN hardware design employing the proposed STT-SNNs and Memristor Crossbar Arrays (MCA) as synapses. The ultra-low voltage operation of the magneto metallic STT-SNN enables the programmable MCA-synapses, computing analog-domain weighted summation of input voltages, to also operate at ultra-low voltage. We modeled the STT-SNN using micro-magnetic simulation and evaluated them using an ANN for character recognition. Comparisons with analog and digital CMOS neurons show that STT-SNNs can achieve more than two orders of magnitude lower energy consumption.
description: This paper was submitted to IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology for review
449. The first published GCA case-series in Bahrain, Diagnosis and management
Creators: name: Haji1, Fatima
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Vasculitis
ANCA
Abstracts
Giant Cell Arthritis
MPA
GPA
EGPA
Takayasu
IgA vasculitis

description: Background/ Objectives: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common vasculitis in adulthood with an annual incidence of 1/5,000-1/17,000 adults over 50 years old. It is more frequent in populations of northern European background. Incidence of GCA in Arab population is not common and unknown. To date there is no single publication about GCA diagnosis and management in Bahrain. In Bahrain, the diagnosis in the past was solely dependent on the histopathological findings of unilateral temporal artery biopsy which was rarely done and never positive. In this first case series, 4 cases of GCA patients, diagnosed by using the Clinical diagnostic algorithm for GCA based on the BSR guidelines and their management will be reported. Methods: Four cases of patients with Giant Cell Arteritis were reviewed who were seen in the Rheumatology clinic in 2021. Results: this case series is the first of type to be reported in Bahrain. In this series the ratio of men to women was 1:1 with age at diagnosis ranging between 70-82 years. All four cases are Bahrainis in origin with different co-morbidities. The mean time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 127 days (range from 60 days to 210 days and Median of 120 days). The common symptoms they had headache 100%, Jaw claudication 100%, scalp tenderness 100%, visual symptoms 75%, and constitutional symptoms in 50% of the cases. ESR was between 25mm/hr to 110mm/hr with mean of 58.5. C-reactive protein was between 12 mg/L to 81 mg/L with mean of 44.5 mg/L. Among the four cases only case number (2) had a unilateral temporal artery biopsy while on prednisone with dose of 60 mg and it was reported as negative. Ultrasound imaging was performed on the four cases, MRI brain on two cases and PET CT scan on one case. All four case received prednisone 40-60 mg, Methotrexate 20mg/wk in three cases, and Tocilizumab IV 8mg/kg in two cases. Conclusions: These four cases demonstrate the difficulties faced in diagnosing of GCA in Arabs as it's not a common disease, the challenges faced in diagnosis and the delay in starting the treatment. Unfortunately complete vision loss was in 50% of the cases with partial loss in 25%. Disclosures: The author has declared no conflicts of interest
Pre-merger alert to detect the very-high-energy prompt emission from binary neutron-star mergers: Einstein Telescope and Cherenkov Telescope Array synergy
Creators: name: Banerjee, Biswajit
name: Oganesyan, Gor
name: Branchesi, Marica
name: Dupletsa, Ulyana
name: Aharonian, Felix
name: Brighenti, Francesco
name: Goncharov, Boris
name: Harms, Jan
name: Mapelli, Michela
name: Ronchini, Samuele
name: Santoliquido, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current generation of very-high-energy $gamma-$ray (VHE; E above 30 GeV) detectors (MAGIC and H.E.S.S.) have recently demonstrated the ability to detect the afterglow emission of GRBs. However, the GRB prompt emission, typically observed in the 10 keV-10 MeV band, has so far remained undetected at higher energies. Here, we investigate the perspectives of multi-messenger observations to detect the prompt emission of short GRBs in VHE. Considering binary neutron star mergers as progenitors of short GRBs, we evaluate the joint detection efficiency of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observing in synergy with the third generation of gravitational wave detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer (CE). In particular, we evaluate the expected capabilities to detect and localize gravitational wave events in the inspiral phase and to provide an early warning alert able to drive the VHE search. We compute the amount of possible joint detections by considering several observational strategies, and demonstrate that the sensitivities of CTA make the detection of the VHE emission possible even if it is several orders fainter than the one observed at 10 keV-10 MeV. We discuss the results in terms of possible scenarios of production of VHE photons from binary neutron star mergers by considering GRB prompt and afterglow emissions.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Continuous-Variable Nonclassicality Detection under Coarse-Grained Measurement
Creators: name: Roh, Chan
name: Yoon, Young-Do
name: Park, Jiyong
name: Ra, Young-Sik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coarse graining is a common imperfection of realistic quantum measurement, obstructing the direct observation of quantum features. Under highly coarse-grained measurement, we experimentally detect the continuous-variable nonclassicality of both Gaussian and non-Gaussian states. Remarkably, we find that this coarse-grained measurement outperforms the conventional fine-grained measurement for nonclassicality detection: it detects nonclassicality beyond the reach of the variance criterion, and furthermore, it exhibits stronger statistical significance than the high-order moments method. Our work shows the usefulness of coarse-grained measurement by providing a reliable and efficient way of nonclassicality detection for quantum technologies.
Two different quasiparticle scattering rates in the vortex-line liquid phase of layered d-wave superconductors
Creators: name: Khveshchenko, D.V.
name: Yashenkin, A.G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: We carry out a quantum-mechanical analysis of the behavior of nodal quasiparticles in the vortex-line liquid phase of planar d-wave superconductors. Applying path-integral technique, we calculate a number of experimentally relevant observables, and demonstrate that in the low-field regime the quasiparticle scattering rates deduced from photoemission and thermal transport data can be markedly different from that extracted from tunneling, specific heat, superfluid stiffness, or spin-lattice relaxation time.
Device Performance and Charge Carrier Dynamics in Organic Solar Cells: The Impact of Donor Polymer Properties and Morphology
Creators: name: Chandrasekaran, Naresh
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 99999 Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: Organic photovoltaic (OPV) technology has a potential advantage over inorganic photovoltaics because of low fabrication cost and mass production through roll-to-roll or injects printing techniques. In the recent years, OPV technology has reached efficiencies more than 13%, making it a viable candidate for future energy production. The performance of the organic solar cells strongly depends on the morphology of the active layer and properties of the donor polymer like regioregularity, and molecular weight. This thesis is devoted to understanding the role of poly (3-hexylthiophene) polymer regioregularity and molecular weight on the device performance, morphology and charge carrier dynamics inside the device. In addition to this, the influence of bulk morphology and domain purity on charge carrier recombination is also investigated in detail using various X-ray synchrotron and transient photovoltaic measurement techniques in high performance low bandgap OPV devices.
Shannon and Renyi Entropy of Wavelets
Creators: name: de Oliveira, H. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper reports a new reading for wavelets, which is based on the classical 'De Broglie' principle. The wave-particle duality principle is adapted to wavelets. Every continuous basic wavelet is associated with a proper probability density, allowing defining the Shannon entropy of a wavelet. Further entropy definitions are considered, such as Jumarie or Renyi entropy of wavelets. We proved that any wavelet of the same family has the same Shannon entropy of its mother wavelet. Finally, the Shannon entropy for a few standard wavelet families is determined.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Das Reformationsgedenken 2017 und das Bekenntnis zu Jesus Christus
Creators: name: Löser, Werner
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 46 Nr. 1 (2017): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 46, Heft 1
Comment on "Algebraic Fermi Liquid from Phase Fluctuations: 'Topological' Fermions, Vortex 'Berryons,' and QED 3 Theory of Cuprate Superconductor" [2] (multiple letters)
Creators: name: Tešanović, Z.
name: Franz, M.
name: Khveshchenko, D.V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: In a recent Letter[1], Franz and Tesanovic predicted a Luttinger-like behavior in the pseudogap phase of under-doped cuprates.
title:  Quelle… sante donne
Creators: name: Canta  ,  Carmelina Chiara
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2014

description: L'articolo pone la questione sullo statuto del "genere" femminile nell'istituzione ecclesiastica.
description: B@belonline vol. 16/17 Pensare Altrimenti
A path integral approach to the Langevin equation
Creators: name: Das, Ashok K.
name: Panda, Sudhakar
name: Santos, J. R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Langevin equation with both a white noise and a colored noise. We construct the Lagrangian as well as the Hamiltonian for the generalized Langevin equation which leads naturally to a path integral description from first principles. This derivation clarifies the meaning of the additional fields introduced by Martin, Siggia and Rose in their functional formalism. We show that the transition amplitude, in this case, is the generating functional for correlation functions. We work out explicitly the correlation functions for the Markovian process of the Brownian motion of a free particle as well as for that of the non-Markovian process of the Brownian motion of a harmonic oscillator (Uhlenbeck-Ornstein model). The path integral description also leads to a simple derivation of the Fokker-Planck equation for the generalized Langevin equation.
description: 9 pages, expanded introduction and section II to match with the accepted version in Int. J. Mod. Phys. A
«In Gottes Gedächtnis eingeschrieben sein ...»
Creators: name: Gomringer, Nora
name: Tück, Jan-Heiner
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 46 Nr. 1 (2017): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 46, Heft 1
Hydrogen Column Density Variability in a Sample of Local Compton-Thin AGN
Creators: name: Torres-Albà, N.
name: Marchesi, S.
name: Zhao, X.
name: Cox, I.
name: Pizzetti, A.
name: Ajello, M.
name: Silver, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of multiepoch observations of a set of 12 variable, Compton-thin, local (z<0.1) active galactic nuclei (AGN) selected from the 100-month BAT catalog. We analyze all available X-ray data from \chandra, \xmm, and \nustar, adding up to a total of 53 individual observations. This corresponds to between 3 and 7 observations per source, probing variability timescales between a few days and $\sim 20$~yr. All sources have at least one \nustar observation, ensuring high-energy coverage, which allows us to disentangle the line-of-sight and reflection components in the X-ray spectra. For each source, we model all available spectra simultaneously, using the physical torus models \myt, \bor, and \uxc. The simultaneous fitting, along with the high-energy coverage, allows us to place tight constraints on torus parameters such as the torus covering factor, inclination angle, and average column density. We also estimate the line-of-sight column density ($N_{\rm H}$) for each individual observation. Within the 12 sources, we detect clear line-of-sight $N_{\rm H}$ variability in 5, non-variability in 5, and for 2 of them it is not possible to fully disentangle intrinsic-luminosity and $N_{\rm H}$ variability. We observe large differences between the average values of line-of-sight $N_{\rm H}$ (or $N_{\rm H}$ of the obscurer) and the average $N_{\rm H}$ of the torus (or $N_{\rm H}$ of the reflector), for each source, by a factor between $\sim2$ to $>100$. This behavior, which suggests a physical disconnect between the absorber and the reflector, is more extreme in sources that present $N_{\rm H}$ variability. $N_{\rm H}$-variable AGN also tend to present larger obscuration and broader cloud distributions than their non-variable counterparts. We observe that large changes in obscuration only occur at long timescales, and use this to place tentative lower limits on torus cloud sizes.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, 3 Appendix (19 pages, 2 figures, 11 tables). Submitted to A&A
Christine Lavant: «Wär ich einer deiner Augenäpfel»
Creators: name: Overath, Angelika
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 46 Nr. 1 (2017): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 46, Heft 1
Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Creators: name: Blank, Aharon
name: Shapiro, Guy
name: Fischer, Ran
name: London, Paz
name: Gershoni, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) provides ultrasensitive means to detect and image a small number of electron and nuclear spins, down to the single spin level with nanoscale resolution. Despite the significant recent progress in this field, it has never been combined with the power of pulsed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Here, we demonstrate for the first time how these two methodologies can be integrated using short pulsed magnetic field gradients to spatially-encode the sample. This results in what we denote as an "optically detected magnetic resonance imaging" (ODMRI) technique. It offers the advantage that the image is acquired in parallel from all parts of the sample, with well-defined three-dimensional point-spread function, and without any loss of spectroscopic information. In addition, this approach may be used in the future for parallel but yet spatially-selective efficient addressing and manipulation of the spins in the sample. Such capabilities are of fundamental importance in the field of quantum spin-based devices and sensors.
description: 14 pages, 3 figs
Cosmic Ray Antiprotons from Nearby Cosmic Accelerators
Creators: name: Joshi, Jagdish C.
name: Gupta, Nayantara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The antiproton flux measured by PAMELA experiment might have originated from Galactic sources of cosmic rays. These antiprotons are expected to be produced in the interactions of cosmic ray protons and nuclei with cold protons. Gamma rays are also produced in similar interactions inside some of the cosmic acceleratos. We consider a few nearby supernova remnants observed by Fermi LAT. Many of them are associated with molecular clouds. Gamma rays have been detected from these sources which most likely originate in decay of neutral pions produced in hadronic interactions. The observed gamma ray fluxes from these SNRs are used to find out their contributions to the observed diffuse cosmic ray antiproton flux near the earth.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, Astroparticle Physics in press
title:  Morale della coscienza ed etica dei valori culturali nel pensiero di Ernst Troeltsch
Creators: name: Cantillo  ,  Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2014

description: L'articolo indaga la riflessione di Ernst Troeltsch sull'etica, rintracciandone i presupposti teorici nei moralisti inglesi e nel pensiero di Kant e di Schleiermacher.
description: B@belonline vol. 16/17 Pensare Altrimenti
Comment on electron spectral function and algebraic spin liquid for the normal state of underdoped high Tc superconductors (multiple letters
Creators: name: Rantner, W.
name: Wen, X.-G.
name: Khveshchenko, D.V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: In a recent Letter [1], Rantner and Wen made a theoretical prediction of the power-law behavior of the electron spectral function in the pseudogap phase of underdoped cuprates, reminiscent of that in the one-dimensional Luttinger liquid.
An efficient and low-cost method to create high-density nitrogen-vacancy centers in CVD diamond for sensing applications
Creators: name: Karki, Prem Bahadur
name: Timalsina, Rupak
name: Dowran, Mohammadjavad
name: Aregbesola, Ayodimeji E.
name: Laraoui, Abdelghani
name: Ambal, Kapildeb
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The negatively charged Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV-) center in diamond is one of the most versatile and robust quantum sensors suitable for quantum technologies, including magnetic field and temperature sensors. For precision sensing applications, densely packed NV- centers within a small volume are preferable due to benefiting from 1/N^1/2 sensitivity enhancement (N is the number of sensing NV centers) and efficient excitation of NV centers. However, methods for quickly and efficiently forming high concentrations of NV- centers are in development stage. We report an efficient, low-cost method for creating high-density NV- centers production from a relatively low nitrogen concentration based on high-energy photons from Ar+ plasma. This study was done on type-IIa, single crystal, CVD-grown diamond substrates with an as-grown nitrogen concentration of 1 ppm. We estimate an NV- density of ~ 0.57 ppm (57%) distributed homogeneously over 200 um deep from the diamond surface facing the plasma source based on optically detected magnetic resonance and fluorescence confocal microscopy measurements. The created NV-s have a spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of 5 ms and a spin-spin coherence time (T2) of 4 us. We measure a DC magnetic field sensitivity of ~ 104 nT Hz^-1/2, an AC magnetic field sensitivity of ~ 0.12 pT Hz^-1/2, and demonstrate real-time magnetic field sensing at a rate over 10 mT s-1 using an active sample volume of 0.2 um3.
Heiliges Essen - Essen des Heiligen
Creators: name: Gerl-Falkovitz, Hanna-Barbara
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 46 Nr. 1 (2017): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 46, Heft 1
Elusive physical electron propagator in QED-like effective theories
Creators: name: Khveshchenko, D.V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: We study the previously conjectured form of the physical electron propagator and its allegedly Luttinger type of behavior in the theory of the pseudogap phase of high-temperature copper-oxide superconductors and other effective QED-like models. We demonstrate that, among a whole family of seemingly gauge-invariant functions, the conjectured "stringy ansatz" for the electron propagator is the only one that is truly invariant. However, contrary to the results of the earlier works, it appears to have a negative anomalous dimension, which makes it a rather poor candidate to the role of the physical electron propagator. Instead, we argue that the latter may, in fact, feature a "super-Luttinger" behavior characterized by a faster than any power-law decay Gphys(x) ∝ exp(-const · ln2 x ).
Actual Total Cost reduction of commercial CFD modelling tools for Wind Resource Assessment in complex terrain
Creators: name: Barber, Sarah
name: Schubiger, Alain
name: Koller, Sara
name: Rumpf, Andreas
name: Knaus, Hermann
name: Nordborg, Henrik
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: wind energy
wind resource assessment
costs
complex terrain

description: In this paper, new automated processes for applying the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools ANSYS Fluent and ANSYS CFX to wind modelling in complex terrain are developed with the goal of decreasing the Actual Total Costs (ATC) related to planning wind energy projects. Simulations are carried out at the complex terrain site St¨otten in southern Germany using ANSYS Fluent and ANSYS CFX, and the ATCs related to the simulations estimated. The simulation setup and post-processing effort are identified as having the highest effect on the ATC, and therefore the automated processes focus on reducing the effort of these tasks. Simulations of the same test site are carried out with the new automated processes, and compared to the manual processes as well as to an industry-standard tool, WindSim. The new automated tools are found to reduce the ATC of this case by a factor of 12 for Fluent and seven for CFX, to approximately half the value of WindSim. All three simulations show similar deviations compared to measurements and therefore these results are comparable. It should be noted that these results are highly specific to this case, and the absolute cost-saving values cannot be directly transferred to other cases. Nevertheless, it can be concluded that these new processes have significantly reduced the Actual Total Cost and are likely to have a large effect on the choice of the most cost-effective model for a given wind energy project. On-going work involves quantifying the effect of these cost savings on the choice of most appropriate model for this simulation site and further comparing the results to measurements.
Free energy of the edge of an open lipid bilayer based on the interactions of its constituent molecules
Creators: name: Asgari, Meisam
name: Biria, Aisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Lipid-bilayers are the fundamental constituents of the walls of most living cells and lipid vesicles, giving them shape and compartment. The formation and growing of pores in a lipid bilayer have attracted considerable attention from an energetic point of view in recent years. Such pores permit targeted delivery of drugs and genes to the cell, and regulate the concentration of various molecules within the cell. The formation of such pores is caused by various reasons such as changes in cell environment, mechanical stress or thermal fluctuations. Understanding the energy and elastic behaviour of a lipid-bilayer edge is crucial for controlling the formation and growth of such pores. In the present work, the interactions in the molecular level are used to obtain the free energy of the edge of an open lipid bilayer. The resulted free-energy density includes terms associated with flexural and torsional energies of the edge, in addition to a line-tension contribution. The line tension, elastic moduli, and spontaneous normal and geodesic curvatures of the edge are obtained as functions of molecular distribution, molecular dimensions, cutoff distance, and the interaction strength. These parameters are further analyzed by implementing a soft-core interaction potential in the microphysical model. The dependence of the elastic free-energy of the edge to the size of the pore is reinvestigated through an illustrative example, and the results are found to be in agreement with the previous observations.
description: 30 pages, 7 figures
Any consistent coupling between classical gravity and quantum matter is fundamentally irreversible
Creators: name: Galley, Thomas D.
name: Giacomini, Flaminia
name: Selby, John H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When gravity is sourced by a quantum system, there is tension between its role as the mediator of a fundamental interaction, which is expected to acquire nonclassical features, and its role in determining the properties of spacetime, which is inherently classical. Fundamentally, this tension should result in breaking one of the fundamental principles of quantum theory or general relativity, but it is usually hard to assess which one without resorting to a specific model. Here, we answer this question in a theory-independent way using General Probabilistic Theories (GPTs). We consider the interactions of the gravitational field with a single matter system, and derive a no-go theorem showing that when gravity is classical at least one of the following assumptions needs to be violated: (i) Matter degrees of freedom are described by fully non-classical degrees of freedom; (ii) Interactions between matter degrees of freedom and the gravitational field are reversible; (iii) Matter degrees of freedom back-react on the gravitational field. We argue that this implies that theories of classical gravity and quantum matter must be fundamentally irreversible, as is the case in the recent model of Oppenheim et al. Conversely if we require that the interaction between quantum matter and the gravitational field is reversible, then the gravitational field must be non-classical.
description: 7 pages main text; 22 pages in total (many diagrams)
Was für ein Brot? Was für ein Brot!
Creators: name: Nordhofen, Eckhard
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 46 Nr. 1 (2017): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 46, Heft 1
title: Material Evaluation by Pulsed Diode Laser Optoacoustics
Creators: name: Xu, Xiaodong
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1998

description: Pulsed diode laser optoacoustic diagnostics were carried out to characterize solid sample materials. The apparatus developed is compact, portable, cost-effective and therefore very promising for both industrial as well as laboratory applications. To our knowledge, this is the first time that optoacoustic characterization and measurement have been performed with a diode laser. The method was successfully applied to measure the thickness of a multilayer structure non-intrusively. Internal cracks of the material were detected by this technique.

A theory for optoacoustic signal generation, propagation and detection is given. A numerical analysis technique is developed to solve for the expected signal. In addition, the analogy between electromagnetic and acoustic field theory is discussed. Aspects of attenuation and dispersion that result from the presence of nonzero conductivity (in electromagnetic fields) and nonzero viscosity (in acoustic fields) are discussed and compared. The results of our numerical analysis show excellent agreement with the acoustic transmission line model and demonstrate the validity of the former. The experimental results obtained are compared with the theoretical results from our numerical analysis technique and the two sets of results show very good agreement.
General relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of perturbed transonic accretion
Creators: name: S., Hector R. Olivares
name: Moscibrodzka, Monika A.
name: Porth, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comparison of horizon-scale observations of Sgr A* and M87* with numerical simulations has provided considerable insight in their interpretation. Most of these simulations are variations of the same physical scenario consisting of a rotation-supported torus seeded with poloidal magnetic fields. This setup has several well known limitations, most notably, it differs in important ways from what observed in simulations of accretion from large scales. We aim to study the flow patterns that arise at horizon scales in more general scenarios, that have a clearer connection with the large scale flow and are at the same time controlled by a reduced set of parameters. As a first step in this direction, we perform three dimensional general relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of rotating transonic flows with velocity perturbations injected from a spherical boundary located 1000 gravitational radii away from the central object. We study the general properties of these flows with varying angular momentum and perturbation amplitudes. We observe a rich phenomenology in accretion patterns, that includes smooth Bondi-like flows, turbulent torus-like structures, shocks, filaments, and complex sonic structures. For sufficiently large perturbations and angular momentum, radial profiles deviate from the constant entropy and angular momentum profiles used for initialization and resemble those of advection dominated accretion flows, showing evidence of entropy generation and angular momentum redistribution not mediated by magnetic fields. Fluctuations are amplified and extend further in frequency than the injected white noise spectrum, producing a red noise spectrum for synthetic Bremsstrahlung light curves. Future inclusion of magnetic fields and radiative cooling could make this type of simulations a viable alternative for numerical modeling of general low-luminosity active galactic nuclei.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics
Generating General Preferential Attachment Networks with R Package wdnet
Creators: name: Yuan, Yelie
name: Wang, Tiandong
name: Yan, Jun
name: Zhang, Panpan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Preferential attachment (PA) network models have a wide range of applications in various scientific disciplines. Efficient generation of large-scale PA networks helps uncover their structural properties and facilitate the development of associated analytical methodologies. Existing software packages only provide limited functions for this purpose with restricted configurations and efficiency. We present a generic, user-friendly implementation of weighted, directed PA network generation with R package wdnet. The core algorithm is based on an efficient binary tree approach. The package further allows adding multiple edges at a time, heterogeneous reciprocal edges, and user-specified preference functions. The engine under the hood is implemented in C++. Usages of the package are illustrated with detailed explanation. A benchmark study shows that wdnet is efficient for generating general PA networks not available in other packages. In restricted settings that can be handled by existing packages, wdnet provides comparable efficiency.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures
IEA Wind Task 31: Design of a new comparison metrics simulation challenge for wind resource assessment in complex terrain Stage 1
Creators: name: Barber, Sarah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: wind energy
complex terrain
wind resource assessment
simulation challenge

description: In wind energy, the accuracy of the estimation of the wind resource has an enormous effect on the expected rate of return of a project. For a given project, the modeller is faced with a difficult choice of a wide range of simulation tools with varying accuracies and costs. In previous work, a new method for estimating the skill and cost scores of different wind modelling tools for a given project has been developed. Although this method worked well, it was shown that further studies are required for a wide range of input conditions and project types in order to develop project-specific transfer functions between the predicted and actual cost and skill scores. In this paper therefore, a new simulation challenge is designed with the goal of collecting comparison metrics data regarding the skill and cost scores of a range of different simulation tools for a complex terrain site, both before and after carrying out the simulations. The complex terrain site Perdig˜ao is chosen for the challenge, due to the volume and quality of available measurement data and the complexity of the terrain. An initial data analysis and WAsP simulations allow mast 29 to be chosen for the input data and masts 7, 10, 20, 22, 25, 27, 34 and 37 for the validation data. The WAsP simulations are compared to previous WRF simulations and are found to capture the main features of the flow over the two ridges. The wind acceleration over the two ridges and the resulting maximum wind speeds at the peak of the ridges as well as the reduced velocity regions in the valley between the ridges are well captured. However, smaller-scale features such as small areas of separated flow seen in the WRF simulations cannot be captured by WAsP. This choice of mast for the challenge will therefore allow the capabilities of different tools for calculating flow in separated regions as well as on top of hills to be assessed.
title:  Libertà azione responsabilità. Segnavia kierkergaardiani nel terreno etico dell’ipermodernità
Creators: name: Cipolletta  ,  Patrizia
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2014

description: A partire da una concezione laica del pensiero di Kierkegaard, l'articolo indaga temi come la libertà, la scelta e la responsabilità.
description: B@belonline vol. 16/17 Pensare Altrimenti
Fermi-edge singularities in x-ray spectra of strongly correlated fermions
Creators: name: Anderson, P.
name: Khveshchenko, D.V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: We discuss the problem of x-ray absorption in a D-dimensional system of interacting fermions and, in particular, those features in the x-ray spectra that can be used to discriminate between conventional Fermi liquids and “strange metals.” We find that the x-ray Fermi edge singularities can still be present, although modified, even if the density of states vanishes at the Fermi energy, and that, in general, the relationship between the two appears to be quite subtle.
Murine brain tumor microenvironment immunophenotyping using mass cytometry
Creators: name: McClellan, BL
name: Alghamri, MS
name: Thalla, R
name: Lowenstein, PR
name: Castro, MG
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Antibody
subject: Cancer
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Flow Cytometry/Mass Cytometry
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Model Organisms
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Single Cell
subject: Animals
subject: Brain
subject: Brain Neoplasms
subject: DNA Transposable Elements
subject: Disease Models, Animal
subject: Glioma
subject: Immunophenotyping
subject: Mice
subject: Tumor Microenvironment

description: Here, we present a mass cytometry protocol optimized to examine the phenotype of immune cells within the mouse glioma microenvironment, using a Sleeping Beauty transposon-mediated mouse glioma model. We describe antibody conjugation and titrations for analysis of immune cells. We then detail mouse brain tumor tissue collection and processing, staining, followed by data acquisition, analysis, and gating strategy. This protocol can be applied to any brain tumor-harboring mouse model. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Alghamri et al. (2021).
446. In vivo endopeptidase cleavage of ANCA in the GOOD-IDES-01 trial
Creators: name: Linnéa Sandström1, 2
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Vasculitis
ANCA
Abstracts
Giant Cell Arthritis
MPA
GPA
EGPA
Takayasu
IgA vasculitis

description: Background/ Objectives: IdeS is a streptococcal enzyme which cleaves human IgG of all subclasses within minutes in the circulation but affects no other protein, including IgA and IgM. Plasma exchange is currently used in severe cases of ANCA associated vasculitis (AAV), but efficacy is questionable, maybe due to the limited depletion capacity of this treatment. IdeS has never been used to treat AAV but here we report on the clinical course of patients double positive for ANCA and anti-GBM in the GOOD-IDES-01 trial. Methods: In the GOOD-IDES-01 (EudraCT number: 2016-004082-39) patients with anti-GBM antibodies were treated with a single dose of IdeS 0.25 mg/kg on top of cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids. Plasma exchange was only given if anti-GBM rebounded after IdeS. The study included 15 patients from 17 sites in 5 European countries. Patients were followed for 6 months with blood and urine samples at clinical visits. ANCA was measured at a central laboratory using the Phadia ELISA assay pre-treatment and at 2 hours, 24 hours, 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months after treatment. Results: Six patients were double positive for ANCA before treatment with IdeS, 4 for MPO and 2 for PR3. The median age of the double positive patients were 60 years, all but one were male. Two- and 24-hours following administration of IdeS no ANCA was detectable in the circulation in any of the patients. After 2 weeks ANCA had rebounded above the reference level in 2 of the MPO-ANCA positive patients and 1 of the PR3-ANCA positive patients. At 3 and 6 months only 1 PR3-ANCA positive patient remained above the reference range. Renal biopsy showed linear IgG deposits in 4 patients and pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis in 2 patients. At diagnosis, 5 patients were dialysis dependent, at 6 months 3 patients remained on dialysis (1 being the PR3-ANCA positive patient that remained ANCA positive). Both patients with pauci-immune glomerulonephritis that were dialysis dependent at start of treatment could leave dialysis during the study. Conclusions: Treating ANCA positive patients with IdeS and cyclophosphamide resulted in both rapid and long-term clearance of ANCA in most patients. As all patients in this trial also had anti-GBM antibodies other conclusions are difficult to make, but the positive results from those with pauci-immune findings in the renal biopsy at least does not discourage testing of IdeS in AAV. Disclosures: Mårten Segelmark has received consultancy fees and research funding from Hansa Pharma.
Constraining rare B decays by $μ^+μ^-\to tc$ at future lepton colliders
Creators: name: Sun, Sichun
name: Yan, Qi-Shu
name: Zhao, Xiaoran
name: Zhao, Zhijie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent rare B decays measurements, we study the matching procedure of operators $O_9, O_{10}$ in the low energy effective Hamiltonian and operators in the Standard Model effective theory (SMEFT). It is noticed that there are more related operators in the SMEFT whose coefficients can not be determined only from the low-energy data from B physics. We demonstrate how to determine these coefficients with some new physics models, like $Z^\prime$ model and leptoquark models, and then consider how to probe these operators of SMEFT at high energy by using the process $μ^+μ^-\to tc$ at future muon colliders, which can provide complementary information except for $μ^+ μ^- \to b s$ on the underlying models which lead to rare B decay processes. We perform a Monte Carlo study (a hadron level analysis) to show how to separate the signal events from the SM background events and estimate the sensitivity to the Wilson coefficients for different models.
description: 29 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, added references, publication version
Intermittent dislocation density fluctuations in crystal plasticity from a phase-field crystal model
Creators: name: Tarp, Jens M.
name: Angheluta, Luiza
name: Mathiesen, Joachim
name: Goldenfeld, Nigel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plastic deformation mediated by collective dislocation dynamics is investigated in the two-dimensional phase-field crystal model of sheared single crystals. We find that intermittent fluctuations in the dislocation population number accompany bursts in the plastic strain-rate fluctuations. Dislocation number fluctuations exhibit a power-law spectral density $1/f^2$ at high frequencies $f$. The probability distribution of number fluctuations becomes bimodal at low driving rates corresponding to a scenario where low density of defects alternate at irregular times with high population of defects. We propose a simple stochastic model of dislocation reaction kinetics that is able to capture these statistical properties of the dislocation density fluctuations as a function of shear rate.
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer Gottespräsenz im menschlichen «Fleisch»
Creators: name: Neuhaus, Gerd
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 46 Nr. 1 (2017): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 46, Heft 1
Wake Effects when Estimating Residual Life of Wind Turbine Support Structures
Creators: name: Barahona, Braulio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: wind energy, wind farm wakes, wind turbine support structure

description: Monitoring the structural state of support structures is key to reduce maintenance costs and extend the life-time of wind turbines. Different wind turbines in a farm experience different loading conditions, due to for example flow distortion from other turbines (i.e. wakes), different geotechnical and topographic conditions. The effects of wakes are known to impact power production and mechanical loads on the rotor. Thus components will wear differently within a wind farm. To what extend are the loads on the support structure influenced? Can we estimate tendencies and map fatigue across the wind farm with coarse models? Using a coarse resolution model of a wind farm that considers wake effects (wind speed deficit, wake expansion, and wake meandering), quasi-static aerodynamics, controls and state-space models of drive-train torsion and tower bending we observed that: loads on the support structure are affected by wakes, coarse resolution models of wakes can give trends that indicate which turbines suffer more within a farm; when designing a farm level SHM it is worth to consider wake effects to decide which turbines to instrument and how to extrapolate to other turbines. Next steps in this approach are to add fidelity by means of: larger set of load cases to reduce statistical uncertainty, and increase fidelity of physics and parametric models.
Ballistic transport through a narrow constriction in the presence of a composite-fermion electromagnetic environment
Creators: name: Khveshchenko, D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: We study ballistic charge transport through a narrow channel connecting two compressible quantum Hall liquids at even denominator filling fractions v~1/2p. We find that due to the Coulomb coupling to gapless bulk charge excitations, the current shot noise in the channel exhibits detectable deviations from, yet remains close to, the prediction of the phenomenological model of an impurity embedded into a Luttinger liquid with the Luttinger parameter equal to the filling factor v.