cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High-sensitivity measurement of He 3 − He 4 isotopic ratios for ultracold neutron experiments
Creators: name: Jiang,
name: Janssens,
name: Yang,
name: Schelhammer,
name: Huffman,
name: O'Shaughnessy,
name: Pardo,
name: Scott,
name: Abrams,
name: Huffer,
name: Paul,
name: Rehm,
name: Swank,
name: Huber,
name: Mumm,
name: Bauder,
name: Vondrasek,
name: Deibel,
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Research efforts ranging from studies of solid helium to searches for a neutron electric dipole moment require isotopically purified helium with a ratio of 3 He to 4 He at levels below that which can be measured using traditional mass spectroscopy techniques. We demonstrate an approach to such a measurement using accelerator mass spectroscopy, reaching the 10 - 14 level of sensitivity, several orders of magnitude more sensitive than other techniques. Measurements of 3 He / 4 He in samples relevant to the measurement of the neutron lifetime indicate the need for substantial corrections. We also argue that there is a clear path forward to sensitivity increases of at least another order of magnitude.
title: Soziale Lage und Alterssicherung Selbstständiger im Handwerk
title: Literaturüberblick und Forschungsagenda
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Thonipara, Anita
name: Proeger, Till
name: Haverkamp, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: Göttingen : ifh, Volkswirtschaftliches Institut für Mittelstand und Handwerk an der Universität Göttingen
Year: 2019
Subjects: Alterssicherung
Handwerk
Craftsmen
Retirement arrangements

description: Die sozioökonomische Lage und die Alterssicherung Selbstständiger im Handwerk ist ein wirtschafts-, sozial- und handwerkspolitisch relevantes Forschungsfeld, innerhalb dessen aktuell Diskussionen zur Weiterentwicklung der Struktur der Altersvorsorge im Handwerk geführt werden. Auf wissenschaftlicher Seite besteht jedoch ein Mangel an empirischer Grundlagenforschung, welche der politischen Diskussion als Entscheidungsgrundlage bereitgestellt werden kann. Der vorliegende Literaturüberblick leistet daher eine Zusammenfassung der wissenschaftlichen Studien zur Alterssicherung selbstständiger Handwerker in Deutschland und formuliert auf Basis dessen eine Forschungsagenda, um dieser Forschungslücke zu begegnen. Hierin wird zunächst eine repräsentative Strukturerhebung auf Basis des Mikrozensus skizziert. Aufbauend auf dieser Grundlagenanalyse wird eine Clusteranalyse der verschiedenen Einkommens- und Vorsorgetypen innerhalb der handwerklichen Selbstständigen beschrieben, die durch eine Verhaltensanalyse auf Basis qualitativer Forschung ergänzt wird. Insgesamt leistet diese Studie somit eine kompakte Zusammenfassung des Forschungsstands und einen Vorschlag zur künftigen empirischen Forschung.
description: The socio-economic conditions and retirement arrangements of self-employed craftsmen is a research domain relevant for economic, social as well as crafts policy in Germany that has been discussed extensively in recent years in terms of a further development of its overall structure. From a scientific perspective, however, there is a lack of empirical basic research that can be made available to policymakers. This literature review summarizes the recent empirical contributions in the field of retirement arrangements for self-employed craftsmen in Germany and derives a research agenda to address this research gap. We, thus, suggest to conduct a representative structural analysis based upon microcensus data. Further, a cluster analysis is outlined that determines distinct groups of self-employed craftsmen in terms of income and retirement arrangements. This analysis should be complemented by a behavioral analysis using qualitative research methods. Overall, this study provides a brief summary of the current literature and a suggestion for future empirical research.
description: Göttinger Beiträge zur Handwerksforschung ; 25
Non-linear quantum-classical scheme to simulate non-equilibrium strongly correlated fermionic many-body dynamics
Creators: name: Kreula, J. M.
name: Clark, S. R.
name: Jaksch, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a non-linear, hybrid quantum-classical scheme for simulating non-equilibrium dynamics of strongly correlated fermions described by the Hubbard model in a Bethe lattice in the thermodynamic limit. Our scheme implements non-equilibrium dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) and uses a digital quantum simulator to solve a quantum impurity problem whose parameters are iterated to self-consistency via a classically computed feedback loop where quantum gate errors can be partly accounted for. We analyse the performance of the scheme in an example case.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Ende des Erfahrungswissens? Akademisierung und Innovationsfähigkeit von KMU
Creators: name: Thomä, Jörg
Publisher: name: Göttingen : ifh, Volkswirtschaftliches Institut für Mittelstand und Handwerk an der Universität Göttingen
Year: 2019
Subjects: Akademisierung
Berufswelt
Craftsmen

description: Der vorliegende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie der anhaltende Trend zur Akademisierung der Berufswelt im Hinblick auf die Innovationsfähigkeit von kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU) zu bewerten ist. Die Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass die duale Berufsausbildung und darauf aufbauende Fortbildungen hierzulande ein breites Reservoir an Hochqualifizierten schaffen, das wie akademisch ausgebildetes Personal auch dazu in der Lage ist, innovative Tätigkeiten im Unternehmen auszuüben. Gerade für die Innovationsfähigkeit von KMU ist dies wichtig, weil diese zur Deckung ihres Personalbedarfs in hohem Maße am Berufsbildungssystem partizipieren. In der Folge spielt der beruflich-betriebliche Bildungstyp mit seiner Betonung auf personengebundenem, schwer zu formalisierendem Erfahrungswissen eine Schlüsselrolle für die Hervorbringung von Innovationen im KMU-Sektor. Wie im Beitrag ferner deutlich wird, weist das Berufsbildungssystem unter Innovationsgesichtspunkten verschiedene Vorteile auf, von denen gerade kleinere Unternehmen profitieren. In engem Zusammenhang hierzu steht die spezifische Fähigkeit zahlreicher Unternehmen im deutschen Mittelstand, auch ohne eigene Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) innovativ tätig zu sein. In diesen Unternehmen werden Innovationsprozesse stark durch personengebundenes Erfahrungswissen und anwendungsnahes interaktives Lernen bestimmt. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine „andere Spielart“ des Innovierens, in deren Rahmen beruflich Qualifizierten (zumindest bislang) eine zentrale Bedeutung zukommt. Weil das Vorhandensein von akademisch geschultem Personal oft die Vorbedingung für den Einstieg in komplexere FuE-Aktivitäten ist, treibt freilich die Akademisierung die Innovationstätigkeit im KMU-Sektor bis zu einem gewissen Grad auch voran. Gerade in technisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Bereichen dürften daher akademische Qualifikationen weiter an Bedeutung für die Innovationsfähigkeit von KMU gewinnen. Angesichts der Tatsache, dass sich insbesondere im mittleren Qualifikationssegment der beruflich Ausgebildeten bereits heute ausgeprägte Fachkräfteengpässe abzeichnen und zugleich das Angebot an Akademikerinnen und Akademikern wahrscheinlich weiter zunehmen wird, stellt sich allerdings die Frage, ob viele KMU in Zukunft stärker auf Hochschulabsolventen zurückgreifen werden, weil sie diese tatsächlich brauchen oder aber weil sie die eigentlich benötigten beruflich qualifizierten Experten und Spezialisten nicht mehr finden können. Aus diesem Blickwinkel geht von der Akademisierung also durchaus eine Gefahr für die Innovationsfähigkeit von KMU aus. Anstrengungen zur Stärkung des Innovationspotenzials von KMU sollten daher auch in Zeiten der Akademisierung die Rolle erfahrungsgeleiteten Lernens und damit den beruflich-betrieblichen Bildungstyp im Blick behalten.
description: Göttinger Beiträge zur Handwerksforschung ; 26
β decay of deformed r -process nuclei near A = 80 and A = 160 , including odd- A and odd-odd nuclei, with the Skyrme finite-amplitude method
Creators: name: McLaughlin,
name: Mumpower,
name: Fröhlich,
name: Shafer,
name: Engel,
name: Surman,
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: After identifying the nuclei in the regions near A =80 and A = 160 for which beta-decay rates have the greatest effect on weak and main r-process abundance patterns, we apply the finite-amplitude method (FAM) with Skyrme energy-density functionals (EDFs) to calculate beta-decay half-lives of those nuclei in the quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA). We use the equal filling approximation to extend our implementation of the charge-changing FAM, which incorporates pairing correlations and allows axially symmetric deformation, to odd-A and odd-odd nuclei. Within this framework we find differences of up to a factor of seven between our calculated beta-decay half-lives and those of previous efforts. Repeated calculations with nuclei near A = 160 and multiple EDFs show a spread of two to four in beta-decay half-lives, with differences in calculated Q values playing an important role. We investigate the implications of these results for r-process simulations.
On the relationship of the 27-day variations of the solar wind velocity and galactic cosmic ray intensity in minimum epoch of solar activity
Creators: name: Alania, M. V.
name: Modzelewska, R.
name: Wawrzynczak, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the relationship of the 27-day variation of the galactic cosmic ray intensity with similar changes of the solar wind velocity and the interplanetary magnetic field based on the experimental data for the Bartels rotation period 2379 of 23 November 2007-19 December 2007. We develop a three dimensional (3-D) model of the 27-day variation of galactic cosmic ray intensity based on the heliolongitudinally dependent solar wind velocity. A consistent, divergence-free interplanetary magnetic field is derived by solving Maxwells equations with a heliolongitudinally dependent 27-day variation of the solar wind velocity reproducing in situ observations. We consider two types of 3-D models of the 27-day variation of galactic cosmic ray intensity - (1) with a plane heliospheric neutral sheet, and (2)- with the sector structure of the interplanetary magnetic field. The theoretical calculation shows that the sector structure does not influence significantly on the 27-day variation of galactic cosmic ray intensity as it was shown before based on the experimental data. Also a good agreement is found between the time profiles of the theoretically expected and experimentally obtained first harmonic waves of the 27-day variation of the galactic cosmic ray intensity (correlation coefficient equals 0.98 0.02). The expected 27-day variation of the galactic cosmic ray intensity is inversely correlated with the modulation parameter z (correlation coefficient equals -0.91 0.05) which is proportional to the product of the solar wind velocity V and the strength of the interplanetary magnetic field B (z VB). The high anticorrelation between these quantities indicates that the predictable 27-day variation of the galactic cosmic ray intensity mainly is caused by this basic modulation effect.
description: article published in Solar Physics (2011)
Saccoloma nigrescens A. Rojas, Mét. Ecol. Sist.
Creators: name: Kessler, Michael
name: Smith, Alan R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Polypodiopsida
Polypodiales
Saccolomataceae
Saccoloma
Saccoloma nigrescens

description: Saccoloma nigrescens (Mett.) A.Rojas, Mét. Ecol. Sist. 5(1): 7, f. 2A. 2010.
 Range:— Costa Rica to Bolivia (CO, LP) and Brazil.
 Ecology:— Common; terrestrial in humid forests; 700–2000 m.
 Notes:— This higher-elevation representative of the species group around Saccoloma inaequale was recently elevated to species rank by Rojas-Alvarado (2010).
description: Published as part of Kessler, Michael & Smith, Alan R., 2017, Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXIII. Saccolomataceae, pp. 287-289 in Phytotaxa 332 (3) on page 288, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/13723501
Topological Anderson amorphous insulator
Creators: name: Cheng, Xiaoyu
name: Qu, Tiantao
name: Xiao, Liantuan
name: Jia, Suotang
name: Chen, Jun
name: Zhang, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The topological phase in amorphous systems adds a new dimension to the topological states of matter. Here, we present an interesting phenomenon dubbed the topological Anderson amorphous insulator (TAAI). Anderson disorder can drive topologically trivial amorphous systems with structural disorders into noncrystalline topological insulators. The gap closing and reopening, spin Bott index, robust edge states, and quantized conductance characterize the Anderson disorder-induced nontrivial topology in amorphous systems. More importantly, phase diagrams are given for the topological phase transition (TPT). It is found that amorphous structural disorder and Anderson disorder are synergistic to drive the s-p band inversion of the system and hence the TPT, which is further confirmed by the effective medium theory. Our findings report a disorder-induced topological phenomenon in noncrystalline systems and shed light on the physical understanding of the interplay between the coexistence of two types of disorder effects and topology.
description: 4 figures
Neutron-proton pairing and double- β decay in the interacting boson model
Creators: name: Engel,
name: Van Isacker,
name: Nomura,
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Background: The interacting boson model has been used extensively to calculate the matrix elements governing neutrinoless double-β decay. Studies within other models—the shell model, the quasiparticle random-phase approximation, and nuclear energy-density functional theory—indicate that a good description of neutron-proton pairing is essential for accurate calculations of those matrix elements, even though the isotopes used in experiment have significantly more neutrons than protons. The usual interacting boson model is based only on like-particle pairs, however, and the extent to which it captures neutron-proton pairing is not clear. Purpose: To determine whether neutron-proton pairing should be explicitly included as neutron-proton bosons in interacting-boson-model calculations of neutrinoless double-β decay matrix elements. In this paper we restrict ourselves to nuclei in the lower half of the pf shell, where exact shell model calculations are possible. Method: An isospin-invariant version of the nucleon-pair shell model is applied to carry out shell-model calculations in a large space and in a collective subspace, and to define effective operators in the latter. A democratic mapping is then used to define corresponding boson operators for the interacting boson model, with and without an isoscalar neutron-proton pair boson. Results: Interacting-boson-model calculations with and without the isoscalar boson are carried out for nuclei near the beginning of the pf shell, with a realistic shell-model Hamiltonian and neutrinoless double-β-decay operator as the starting point. Energy spectra and double-β matrix elements are compared to those obtained in the underlying shell model. Conclusions: The isoscalar boson is not important for energy spectra but improves the results for the double-β matrix elements. To be useful at the level of precision we need, the mapping procedure must be further developed to better determine the dependence of the boson Hamiltonian and decay operator on particle number and isospin, and extended to heavier nuclei. The benefits provided by the isoscalar boson in the nuclei examined here, however, suggest that through an appropriate combination of mappings and fitting, it would make interacting-boson-model matrix elements more accurate in the heavier nuclei used in experiments.
Carrier-Envelope Phase Control of a 10 Hz, 25 TW Laser for High-Flux XUV Continuum Generation
Creators: name: Cunningham, Eric
name: Wu, Yi
name: Chang, Zenghu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel scheme for stabilizing the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of low-repetition rate lasers was demonstrated using a 350 mJ, 14 fs Ti:Sapphire laser operating at 10 Hz. The influence of the CEP on the generation of a continuum in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) was observed.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Ground state phase diagram of twisted three-leg spin tube in magnetic field
Creators: name: Yonaga, Kouki
name: Shibata, Naokazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ground state phase diagram of the twisted three-leg spin tube in magnetic fields by the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method. The twisted spin tube is composed of triangular unit cells and possesses strong quantum fluctuations under geometrical frustration. We apply the sine square deformation method to remove the strong boundary effects and obtain smooth magnetization curves without steps of finite systems. With the analysis of the magnetization curves and correlation functions we determine the ground state phase diagram consisting of (a) a Tomonaga-Luttinger (TL) liquid characterized by spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ Heisenberg model, (b) 3-sublattice state named UUD with 1/3 magnetization and (c) TL-liquid of massless chirality with 1/3 magnetization plateau, (d) TL-liquid of massless spin mode with or without chirality quasi long-range order.
Demonstrating non-Abelian statistics of Majorana fermions using twist defects
Creators: name: Zheng, Huaixiu
name: Dua, Arpit
name: Jiang, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the twist defects in the toric code model introduced by Bombin [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 030403 (2010)]. Using a generalized 2D Jordan-Wigner transformation, we show explicitly the twist defects carry unpaired Majorana zero modes. We also draw the same conclusion using two alternative approaches of a perturbation theory and a projective construction. We propose a quantum non-demolition measurement scheme of the parity of Majorana modes. Such a scheme provides an alternative avenue to demonstrate the non-Abelian statistics of Majorana fermions with measurement-based braidings.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Trend Assessment: Line intercept in Grootvadersbosch, Langeberg, site 3320DD/1
Creators: name: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Centre
Trend Assessment
Langeberg
Grootvadersbosch
line intercept

description: This is a scanned copy of a document, including a diagram and photographs, of a trend assessment: line intercept in Grootvadersbosch, Langeberg, site 3320DD/1. The Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center (part of the former South African Forestry Research Institute) was established in 1935 at Jonkershoek, near Stellenbosch, under the directorship of Dr C. L. Wicht. The initial aim was to determine how forestry activities in state plantations would affect climate, water conservation and erosion, and was later expanded to include studies of fynbos ecology, fire and alien species. Studies from the 1930s to the early 1990s saw the accumulation of a large amount of data dealing with fire experiments, detailed vegetation plot surveys, rare plant surveys and ecological studies, hydrological studies and the development of management plans for catchments around the Western Cape. SAEON now houses the archive of data collected by the Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center, which was originally held by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).
Co-action provides rational basis for the evolutionary success of Pavlovian strategies
Creators: name: Sasidevan, V.
name: Sinha, Sitabhra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Strategies incorporating direct reciprocity, e.g., Tit-for-Tat and Pavlov, have been shown to be successful for playing the Iterated Prisoners Dilemma (IPD), a paradigmatic problem for studying the evolution of cooperation among non-kin individuals. However it is an open question whether such reciprocal strategies can emerge as the rational outcome of repeated interactions between selfish agents. Here we show that adopting a co-action perspective, which takes into account the symmetry between agents - a relevant consideration in biological and social contexts - naturally leads to such a strategy. For a 2-player IPD, we show that the co-action solution corresponds to the Pavlov strategy, thereby providing a rational basis for it. For an IPD involving many players, an instance of the Public Goods game where cooperation is generally considered to be harder to achieve, we show that the cooperators always outnumber defectors in the co-action equilibrium. This can be seen as a generalization of Pavlov to contests involving many players. In general, repeated interactions allow rational agents to become aware of the inherent symmetry of their situation, enabling them to achieve robust cooperation through co-action strategies - which, in the case of IPD, is a reciprocal Pavlovian one.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Systematic review of the usage of buprenorphine in experimental surgical pig models
Creators: name: Csukás, Domokos
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Comparative and Laboratory Animal Medicine
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Veterinary Medicine
subject: Translational Medical Research

description: Our objective is to conduct a systematic review focusing on the usage of buprenorphine in experimental surgical pig models. The SR will give (1) a systematic overview of the literature of all relevant studies; (2) details of usage, methodology, and pain-management-related outcomes of buprenorphine; (3) an evaluation of the reporting quality following the 3Rs and the ARRIVE guidelines.
Rayleigh-Jeans condensation of pumped magnons in thin film ferromagnets
Creators: name: Rückriegel, Andreas
name: Kopietz, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the formation of a magnon condensate in thin ferromagnetic films can be explained within the framework of a classical stochastic non-Markovian Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation where the properties of the random magnetic field and the dissipation are determined by the underlying phonon dynamics. We have numerically solved this equation for a tangentially magnetized yttrium-iron garnet film in the presence of a parallel parametric pumping field. We obtain a complete description of all stages of the nonequilibrium time evolution of the magnon gas which is in excellent agreement with experiments. Our calculation proves that the experimentally observed condensation of magnons in yttrium-iron garnet at room temperature is a purely classical phenomenon which should be called Rayleigh-Jeans rather than Bose-Einstein condensation.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 7 pages supplemental material with 2 additional figures
Nuclear matrix element of neutrinoless double- β decay: Relativity and short-range correlations
Creators: name: Yao,
name: Meng,
name: Ring,
name: Song,
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Background: The discovery of neutrinoless double-beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay would demonstrate the nature of neutrinos, have profound implications for our understanding of matter-antimatter mystery, and solve the mass hierarchy problem of neutrinos. The calculations for the nuclear matrix elements $M^{0\nu}$ of $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay are crucial for the interpretation of this process. Purpose: We study the effects of relativity and nucleon-nucleon short-range correlations on the nuclear matrix elements $M^{0\nu}$ by assuming the mechanism of exchanging light or heavy neutrinos for the $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay. Methods: The nuclear matrix elements $M^{0\nu}$ are calculated within the framework of covariant density functional theory, where the beyond-mean-field correlations are included in the nuclear wave functions by configuration mixing of both angular-momentum and particle-number projected quadrupole deformed mean-field states. Results: The nuclear matrix elements $M^{0\nu}$ are obtained for ten $0\nu\beta\beta$-decay candidate nuclei. The impact of relativity is illustrated by adopting relativistic or nonrelativistic decay operators. The effects of short-range correlations are evaluated. Conclusions: The effects of relativity and short-range correlations play an important role in the mechanism of exchanging heavy neutrinos though the influences are marginal for light neutrinos. Combining the nuclear matrix elements $M^{0\nu}$ with the observed lower limits on the $0\nu\beta\beta$-decay half-lives, the predicted strongest limits on the effective masses are $|\langle m_\nu\rangle|3.065\times 10^8~\mathrm{GeV}$ for heavy neutrinos.
Multi-objective analysis of machine learning algorithms using model-based optimization techniques
Creators: name: Horn, Daniel
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optimization
subject: Machine learning
subject: 310
subject: Optimierung
subject: Maschinelles Lernen

description: My dissertation deals with the research areas optimization and machine learning. However, both of them are too extensive to be covered by a single person in a single work, and that is not the goal of my work either. Therefore, my dissertation focuses on interactions between these fields. On the one hand, most machine learning algorithms rely on optimization techniques. First, the training of a learner often implies an optimization. This is demonstrated by the SVM, where the weighted sum of the margin size and the sum of margin violations has to be optimized. Many other learners internally optimize either a least-squares or a maximum likelihood problem. Second, the performance of most machine learning algorithms depends on a set of hyper-parameters and an optimization has to be conducted in order to find the best performing model. Unfortunately, there is no globally accepted optimization algorithm for hyper-parameter tuning problems, and in practice naive algorithms like random or grid search are frequently used. On the other hand, some optimization algorithms rely on machine learning models. They are called model-based optimization algorithms and are mostly used to solve expensive optimization problems. During the optimization, the model is iteratively refined and exploited. One of the most challenging tasks here is the choice of the model class. It has to be applicable to the particular parameter space of the OP and to be well suited for modeling the function’s landscape. In this work, I gave special attention to the multi-objective case. In contrast to the single-objective case, where a single best solution is likely to exist, all possible trade-offs between the objectives have to be considered. Hence, not only a single best, but a set of best solutions exists, one for each trade-off. Although approaches for solving multi-objective problems differ from the corresponding approaches for single-objective problems in some parts, other parts can remain unchanged. This is shown for model-based multi-objective optimization algorithms. The last third of this work addresses the field of offline algorithm selection. In online algorithm selection the best algorithm for a problem is selected while solving it. Contrary, offline algorithm selection guesses the best algorithm a-priori. Again, the work focuses on the multi-objective case: An algorithm has to be selected with respect to multiple, conflicting objectives. As with all offline techniques, this selection rule hast to be trained on a set of available training data sets and can only be applied to new data sets that are similar enough to those in the training set.
SYSTEMIC FEATURES OF IMMUNE RECOGNITION
Creators: name: SWIATCZAK, BARTLOMIEJ JAROSLAW
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2012

description: The gut is home to a great number of microbes. The immune system, to protect the body, must discriminate between the pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes and respond to them in different ways. How the mucosal immune system manages to make this distinction is poorly understood. Here, we explore whether the decision to respond in a certain way to a microorganism is made by single types of cells and molecules or by the collective activity of various kinds of cells and molecules in a given anatomical compartment. We show here that the distinction between pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes is made by an integrated system rather than by single types of cells or single types of receptors. Since immune recognition is constituted by a complex network of molecular and cellular level interactions, complete understanding of this process requires knowledge of these interactions. However, is it possible to explain immune recognition in molecular and cellular terms if this process is multiple realizable? Indeed, given the number and dynamics of elements involved in the recognition, it is hardly possible that their exact configuration could ever be reproduced even in the same individual. We argue that it is practically impossible to reduce immune recognition to its actual molecular and cellular realization. (This would require making reference to an infinitely long disjunction of lower level processes and each disjunct would be endlessly complex). Instead, the recognition is reducible to the approximation of molecular and cellular level processes. We suggest that the same strategy that was used by us to explain immune recognition in terms of lower level approximations is commonly applied by molecular biologists and systems biologists to explain complex biological processes.
Quillen's Plus Construction and the D(2) problem
Creators: name: Mannan, Wajid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M20, 19D06, 57M05

description: Given a finite connected 3-complex with cohomological dimension 2, we show it may be constructed up to homotopy by applying the Quillen plus construction to the Cayley complex of a finite group presentation. This reduces the D(2) problem to a question about perfect normal subgroups.
description: Paper published in peer reviewed journal in 2009
Towards the geometry of the universe from data
Creators: name: Bester, Hertzog L.
name: Larena, Julien
name: Bishop, Nigel T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new algorithm that can reconstruct the full distributions of metric components within the class of spherically symmetric dust universes that may include a cosmological constant. The algorithm is capable of confronting this class of solutions with arbitrary data and opens a new observational window to determine the value of the cosmological constant. In this work we use luminosity and age data to constrain the geometry of the universe up to a redshift of $z = 1.75$. We show that, although current data are perfectly compatible with homogeneous models of the universe, simple radially inhomogeneous void models that are sometimes used as alternative explanations for the apparent acceleration of the late time universe cannot yet be ruled out. In doing so we reconstruct the density of cold dark matter out to $z = 1.75$ and derive constraints on the metric components when the universe was 10.5 Gyr old within a comoving volume of approximately 1 Gpc$^{3}$.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures. Matches published version
Matrix Schubert varieties and Gaussian conditional independence models
Creators: name: Fink, Alex
name: Rajchgot, Jenna
name: Sullivant, Seth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M15, 68T37, 60A05, 13F20, 05C90

description: Matrix Schubert varieties are certain varieties in the affine space of square matrices which are determined by specifying rank conditions on submatrices. We study these varieties for generic matrices, symmetric matrices, and upper triangular matrices in view of two applications to algebraic statistics: we observe that special conditional independence models for Gaussian random variables are intersections of matrix Schubert varieties in the symmetric case. Consequently, we obtain a combinatorial primary decomposition algorithm for some conditional independence ideals. We also characterize the vanishing ideals of Gaussian graphical models for generalized Markov chains. In the course of this investigation, we are led to consider three related stratifications, which come from the Schubert stratification of a flag variety. We provide some combinatorial results, including describing the stratifications using the language of rank arrays and enumerating the strata in each case.
description: 34pp, 1 figure. updated to accepted version
Bringing isolated dark matter out of isolation: Late-time reheating and indirect detection
Creators: name: Watson, Scott
name: Erickcek, Adrienne L.
name: Sinha, Kuver
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: In standard cosmology, the growth of structure becomes significant following matter-radiation equality. In non-thermal histories, where an effectively matter-dominated phase occurs due to scalar oscillations prior to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, a new scale at smaller wavelengths appears in the matter power spectrum. Density perturbations that enter the horizon during the matter-dominated phase grow linearly with the scale factor prior to the onset of radiation domination, which leads to enhanced inhomogeneity on small scales if dark matter thermally and kinetically decouples during the matter-dominated phase. The microhalos that form from these enhanced perturbations significantly boost the self-annihilation rate for dark matter. This has important implications for indirect detection experiments: the larger annihilation rate will result in observable signals from dark matter candidates that are usually deemed untestable. As a proof of principle, we consider Binos in heavy supersymmetry with an intermediate extended Higgs sector and all other superpartners decoupled. We find that these isolated Binos, which lie under the neutrino floor, can account for the dark matter relic density while also leading to observable predictions for Fermi-LAT. Current limits on the annihilation cross section from Fermi-LAT's observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies may already constrain Bino dark matter up to masses \(\mathcal{O}(300)\) GeV, depending on the internal structure of the microhalos. More extensive constraints are possible with improved gamma-ray bounds and boost calculations from \(N\)-body simulations.
Supplementary documentation for SAEON's field instrument data collected at the SIBHAYI SIB01B station
Creators: name: South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) Grasslands-Forests-Wetlands Node
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: SAEON field instruments
Standard Operating Procedures
Calibration
Sibhayi
Hydrological
Pressure transducer
Ground Water level

description: This package contains supporting information for the hydrological data collected at SIBHAYI's SIB01B station, as part of the South African Environmental Observation Network's monitoring projects.
The combinatorics of $\mathrm{GL}_n$ generalized Gelfand--Graev characters
Creators: name: Andrews, Scott
name: Thiem, Nathaniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20C33, 05E99

description: Introduced by Kawanaka in order to find the unipotent representations of finite groups of Lie type, generalized Gelfand--Graev characters have remained somewhat mysterious. Even in the case of the finite general linear groups, the combinatorics of their decompositions has not been worked out. This paper re-interprets Kawanaka's definition in type $A$ in a way that gives far more flexibility in computations. We use these alternate constructions to show how to obtain generalized Gelfand--Graev representations directly from the maximal unipotent subgroups. We also explicitly decompose the corresponding generalized Gelfand--Graev characters in terms of unipotent representations, thereby recovering the Kostka--Foulkes polynomials as multiplicities.
A Co-training Approach for Noisy Time Series Learning
Creators: name: Zhang, Weiqi
name: Zhang, Jianfeng
name: Li, Jia
name: Tsung, Fugee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we focus on robust time series representation learning. Our assumption is that real-world time series is noisy and complementary information from different views of the same time series plays an important role while analyzing noisy input. Based on this, we create two views for the input time series through two different encoders. We conduct co-training based contrastive learning iteratively to learn the encoders. Our experiments demonstrate that this co-training approach leads to a significant improvement in performance. Especially, by leveraging the complementary information from different views, our proposed TS-CoT method can mitigate the impact of data noise and corruption. Empirical evaluations on four time series benchmarks in unsupervised and semi-supervised settings reveal that TS-CoT outperforms existing methods. Furthermore, the representations learned by TS-CoT can transfer well to downstream tasks through fine-tuning.
description: Accepted by CIKM2023
Data from: Phylogenetic structure of the extinction and biotic factors explaining differential survival of terrestrial notosuchians at the Cretaceous-Palaeogene crisis
Creators: name: Aubier, Paul
name: Jouve, Stéphane
name: Schnyder, Johann
name: Cubo, Jorge
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Cope's Rule
Notosuchia
Cretaceous—Paleogene Crisis
phylogenetic comparative method
Crocodylomorpha
Adamantina Formation

description: Although the clade Crocodylomorpha is represented by few extant species (Crocodylia), it has a rich fossil record. Hundreds of species adapted to terrestrial, semi-aquatic and marine environments, have existed over more than 200 million years. Numerous studies have attempted to characterize the factors driving the diversification and extinction events of Crocodylomorpha, resulting in ambiguous and even contradictory conclusions, which points to the need for phylogenetically and temporally smaller-scaled studies. Here, we focus on differential survival at the Cretaceous-Palaeogene crisis of Notosuchia, a diverse clade of mostly terrestrial Crocodylomorpha that achieved great diversity during the Cretaceous. More precisely, we tested the effect of body size and palaeotemperatures on notosuchian survival probability during the K-Pg crisis as well as the effect of diet on the evolution of their body size. We find that Notosuchia showed an evolutionary trend towards larger body sizes through time, associated with a shift from an omnivorous to a carnivorous diet. This may explain why sebecids were the only notosuchians to survive the K-Pg crisis. We also corroborate conclusions of previous studies that detected a Lagerstätten effect occurring in the Adamantina Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Brazil, Bauru Group). This work confirms the value of more finely-scaled macroevolutionary studies for understanding the history of a rich and complex group such as Crocodylomorpha.
description: R is the only software needed to open one file (the R script). All other files are .csv.
description: All the data have been collected either from the literature or from the Paleobiology Database.
Emissionsspektroskopische Diagnostik an Mikroplasmen zur Analyse von gasförmigen und flüssigen Proben
Creators: name: Krähling, Tobias
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Plasma
subject: Mikroplasma
subject: Dielektrisch behinderte Entladung
subject: Optische Emissionsspektroskopie
subject: DBD
subject: MHCD
subject: LE-DBD
subject: 530
subject: Emissionsspektroskopie

description: Für miniaturisierte Analysesysteme stellen Mikroplasmen eine effiziente Anregungs- oder Ionisierungsmethode dar. Eine Charakterisierung der Plasmaeigenschaften sowie eine Aufklärung der plasmachemischen Prozesse und Mechanismen sind hierfür unerlässlich. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Eigenschaften von Mikrohohlkathodenentladungen (MHCD) für die Analyse von gasförmigen und ein Mikroplasma mit flüssiger Elektrode (LE-DBD) für die Analyse von flüssigen Proben mittels emissionsspektroskopischer Methoden untersucht. Bei den MHCDs sind die OH- und N2+-Rotationstemperaturen für verschiedene Typen von MHCDs unter Variation der Betriebsspannung und Helium-Gasfluss bestimmt worden, die einen Rückschluss auf die Gastemperatur ermöglichen. Die über Starkverbreiterung abgeschätzten Elektronendichten liegen im Bereich von (0,6 - 3,5) × 1015 cm−3. Über eine Betrachtung von Linienverhältnissen des Singulett- und Triplettsystems von Helium sowie der Gastemperatur und Elektronendichte werden die Auswirkungen auf den Einsatz als Analysesystem diskutiert und Empfehlungen für die Wahl des MHCD-Typs bei spezifischen Fragestellungen gegeben. Für das LE-DBD wird über die Bestimmung des Detektionslimits von 23 Elementen gezeigt, dass sich dieses System für eine große Anzahl an Elementen als Nachweissystem einsetzten lässt. Die erreichbaren Detektionslimits liegen im Bereich von 16 µg L−1 für Li und 41 mg L−1 für Bi. Zeitaufgelöste Messungen der Anregungstemperatur von Wasserstoff zeigen, dass das LE DBD ein inhärent dynamisches System darstellt, dass innerhalb einer Brennphase keinen statischen Zustand erreicht. Durch Emissionsspektroskopie einer Lanthanlösung kann der Mechanismus zum Transfer der flüssigen Elektrode ins Plasma aufgeklärt werden. Dieser setzt sich aus thermischer Verdampfung sowie einem elektrosprayartigen Prozess zusammen. Eine Abschätzung der Elektronendichte und -temperatur erfolgt über Starkverbreiterung von Sr Linien und ergibt einen Bereich von (0,8 − 1,6) × 1016 cm−3 für die Elektronendichte und eine untere Grenze für die Elektronentemperatur von 1,1 eV. Die Untersuchung der OH Rotationsdistribution zeigt, dass sich diese durch zwei Boltzmann-Verteilungen mit unterschiedlichen Temperaturen beschreiben lässt. Während die »normale« Rotationsverteilung durch dissoziative Prozesse von neutralem Wasser beim Stoß mit Elektronen bestimmt wird, beeinflusst die elektrosprayartige Komponente wesentlich die durch dissoziative Rekombination von H3O+ und H2O+ hervorgerufene »abnormale« Rotationsverteilung.
Highly eccentric inspirals into a black hole
Creators: name: Warburton, Niels
name: Osburn, Thomas
name: Evans, Charles R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: We model the inspiral of a compact stellar-mass object into a massive nonrotating black hole including all dissipative and conservative first-order-in-the-mass-ratio effects on the orbital motion. The techniques we develop allow inspirals with initial eccentricities as high as \(e\sim0.8\) and initial separations as large as \(p\sim 50\) to be evolved through many thousands of orbits up to the onset of the plunge into the black hole. The inspiral is computed using an osculating elements scheme driven by a hybridized self-force model, which combines Lorenz-gauge self-force results with highly accurate flux data from a Regge-Wheeler-Zerilli code. The high accuracy of our hybrid self-force model allows the orbital phase of the inspirals to be tracked to within \(\sim0.1\) radians or better. The difference between self-force models and inspirals computed in the radiative approximation is quantified.
A Reaction-Diffusion Model of the Cadherin-Catenin System: A Possible Mechanism for Contact Inhibition and Implications for Tumorigenesis
Creators: name: Basan, Markus
name: Idema, Timon
name: Lenz, Martin
name: Joanny, Jean-François
name: Risler, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Contact inhibition is the process by which cells switch from a motile growing state to a passive and stabilized state upon touching their neighbors. When two cells touch, an adhesion link is created between them by means of transmembrane E-cadherin proteins. Simultaneously, their actin filaments stop polymerizing in the direction perpendicular to the membrane and reorganize to create an apical belt that colocalizes with the adhesion links. Here, we propose a detailed quantitative model of the role of the cytoplasmic $β$-catenin and $α$-catenin proteins in this process, treated as a reaction-diffusion system. Upon cell-cell contact, the concentration in $α$-catenin dimers increases, inhibiting actin branching and thereby reducing cellular motility and expansion pressure. This model provides a mechanism for contact inhibition that could explain previously unrelated experimental findings on the role played by E-cadherin, $β$-catenin and $α$-catenin in the cellular phenotype and in tumorigenesis. In particular, we address the effect of a knockout of the adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor gene. Potential direct tests of our model are discussed.
Enumeration of Widdringtonia Cederbergensis in the Cederberg State Forest, site 3219AC/2
Creators: name: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center
Publisher: name: South African Environmental Observation Network
Year: 2022
Subjects: Jonkershoek Forestry Research Centre
enumeration
Widdringtonia cedarbergensis
Widdringtonia wallichii
Cederberg State Forest

description: This is a scanned copy, including a map, of an enumeration of Widdringtonia Cedarbergensis in the Cederberg State Forest, site 3219AC/2. The Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center (part of the former South African Forestry Research Institute) was established in 1935 at Jonkershoek, near Stellenbosch, under the directorship of Dr C. L. Wicht. The initial aim was to determine how forestry activities in state plantations would affect climate, water conservation and erosion, and was later expanded to include studies of fynbos ecology, fire and alien species.    Studies from the 1930s to the early 1990s saw the accumulation of a large amount of data dealing with fire experiments, detailed vegetation plot surveys, rare plant surveys and ecological studies, hydrological studies and the development of management plans for catchments around the Western Cape.   SAEON now houses the archive of data collected by the Jonkershoek Forestry Research Center, which was originally held by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).