cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bosonic sectorized strings and the $(DF)^{2}$ theory
Creators: name: Azevedo, Thales
name: Jusinskas, Renann Lipinski
name: Lize, Matheus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we investigate the bosonic chiral string in the sectorized interpretation, computing its spectrum, kinetic action and $3$-point amplitudes. As expected, the bosonic ambitwistor string is recovered in the tensionless limit. We also consider an extension of the bosonic model with current algebras. In that case, we compute the effective action and show that it is essentially the same as the action of the mass-deformed $(DF)^{2}$ theory found by Johansson and Nohle. Aspects which might seem somewhat contrived in the original construction --- such as the inclusion of a scalar transforming in some real representation of the gauge group --- are shown to follow very naturally from the worldsheet formulation of the theory.
description: 24 pages + appendix; v2: improved notation; v3: minor modifications, published version
Spin dependent momentum distributions of proton-deuteron clusters in 3He from electron scattering on polarized 3He: theoretical predictions
Creators: name: Golak, J.
name: Gloeckle, W.
name: Kamada, H.
name: Witala, H.
name: Skibinski, R.
name: Nogga, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The process $\overrightarrow{^3{\rm He}}(e,e'\vec{p})d $ (or $\overrightarrow{^3{\rm He}}(e,e'\vec{d})p $) is studied theoretically in a Faddeev treatment with the aim to have access to the spin-dependent momentum distribution of ${\vec p} {\vec d} $ clusters in polarized $^3$He. Final state interactions and meson exchange currents turn out to have a strong influence in the considered kinematical regime (below the pion threshold). This precludes the direct access to the momentum distribution except for small deuteron momenta. Nevertheless, the results for the longitudinal and transverse response functions are interesting as they reflect our present day understanding of the reaction mechanism and therefore data would be very useful.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
Tachyon Condensation on Orbifolds and McKay Correspondence
Creators: name: Takayanagi, Tadashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this short note we present a mathematical interpretation of tachyon condensation on (three dimensional) orbifolds within the framework of boundary string field theory (BSFT). We explicitly show that important parts of decay modes in brane-antibrane systems with N=2 boundary supersymmetry can be interpreted as the McKay correspondence described as complexes. This will give an example of the recent interpretation of D-branes as derived category. We also discuss the N=4 boundary supersymmetry as a more refined structure.
description: 13 pages, Latex, minor typos corrected and references added, to appear in PLB
Supplementary document for Design of a centimeter-scale achromatic hybrid metalens with polarization-insensitivity in the visible - 6284744.pdf
Creators: name: Hu, Tie
name: Wang, Shengqi
name: Wei, Yunxuan
name: wen, liqing
name: feng, xing
name: Yang, Zhen Yu
name: Zheng, Jinkun
name: Zhao, Ming
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental Document of the manuscript 482794
Carbon Neutrality of Hardwood and Softwood Biomass: Issues of Temporal Preference
Creators: name: Johnston, Craig M.T.
name: Kooten, G. Cornelis Van
name: Johnston, Craig M.T.
name: Kooten, G. Cornelis Van
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Bioenergy
subject: Climate Change
subject: Forestry

description: The carbon flux from burning biomass for energy is often legislated, or simply assumed, to be carbon neutral as subsequent forest growth sequesters carbon lost during energy production. In this sense, there may be no net contributions to atmospheric carbon flux associated with biomass energy. However, trees may take decades to recover the CO2 released by burning, so assumed neutrality hinges on the fact that we count CO2 removals equally independent of when they occur. If dealing with climate change is an urgent matter, we may give higher weight to current CO2 emissions over those that occur in the decades to come. If there is no urgency in dealing with climate change, then all types of biomass will eventually return to carbon neutrality. Yet, if climate change is deemed an urgent matter, biomass never returns to carbon neutrality as we give future CO2 removals less weight. If urgency is high enough, biomass may be more emissions intensive than coal, as the discounted future removals are not enough to offset the relatively higher emissions intensity experience by burning biomass for energy. The race to adopt aggressive renewable energy targets implies climate change mitigation is an urgent matter. Yet, the increasing reliance on biomass for energy production suggests there is no time preference. In the end, the potential benefits of substituting biomass for coal to produce energy might be greatly exaggerated.
Interpolating between the Bose-Einstein and the Fermi-Dirac distributions in odd dimensions
Creators: name: Sriramkumar, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the response of a uniformly accelerated monopole detector that is coupled to a superposition of an odd and an even power of a quantized, massless scalar field in flat spacetime in arbitrary dimensions. We show that, when the field is assumed to be in the Minkowski vacuum, the response of the detector is characterized by a Bose-Einstein factor in even spacetime dimensions, whereas a Bose-Einstein as well as a Fermi-Dirac factor appear in the detector response when the dimension of spacetime is odd. Moreover, we find that, it is possible to interpolate between the Bose-Einstein and the Fermi-Dirac distributions in odd spacetime dimensions by suitably adjusting the relative strengths of the detector's coupling to the odd and the even powers of the scalar field. We point out that the response of the detector is always thermal and we, finally, close by stressing the apparent nature of the appearance of the Fermi-Dirac factor in the detector response.
description: RevTeX, 7 pages
Classifying agricultural holdings in Nicaragua: Proposal of a typology based on the IV Agricultural Census
Creators: name: Fréguin, Gresh
name: Peréz, Francisco J.
name: Fréguin, Gresh
name: Peréz, Francisco J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Farm Management
subject: Typology
subject: Agriculatural Census
subject: Holdings

description: The results of the present research study show that using WAW conceptual and methodological framework is relevant to establish a typology of farms based on the Nicaraguan Agricultural Census. The IV CENAGRO includes all the needed variables to establish a typology based on social sectors, including with two and even three levels of segmentation.
MOESM3 of Genome sequencing of evolved aspergilli populations reveals robust genomes, transversions in A. flavus, and sexual aberrancy in non-homologous end-joining mutants
Creators: name: Álvarez-Escribano, Isidro
name: Sasse, Christoph
name: Bok, Jin
name: Hyunsoo Na
name: Amirebrahimi, Mojgan
name: Lipzen, Anna
name: Schackwitz, Wendy
name: Martin, Joel
name: Barry, Kerrie
name: Gutiérrez, Gabriel
name: Cea-Sánchez, Sara
name: Marcos, Ana
name: Grigoriev, Igor
name: Keller, Nancy
name: Braus, Gerhard
name: Cánovas, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. The plot depict the GC (G + C %) in the y-axis vs the GC4fold (G + C% in the third position of the four fold degenerate triplets) for each coding region of the genes in the three species. Formulas represent the linear fit of the data and the coefficient of determination of the fit.
Unique properties of PTEN-L contribute to neuroprotection in response to ischemic-like stress
Creators: name: Jochner, Magdalena C. E.
name: An, Junfeng
name: Lättig-Tünnemann, Gisela
name: Kirchner, Marieluise
name: Dagane, Alina
name: Dittmar, Gunnar
name: Dirnagl, Ulrich
name: Eickholt, Britta J.
name: Harms, Christoph
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: PTEN-L
subject: neuroprotection
subject: ischemic-like stress
subject: phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) signalling might influence neuronal survival after brain ischemia. However, the influence of the less studied longer variant termed PTEN-L (or PTENα) has not been studied to date. Therefore, we examined the translational variant PTEN-L in the context of neuronal survival. We identified PTEN-L by proteomics in murine neuronal cultures and brain lysates and established a novel model to analyse PTEN or PTEN-L variants independently in vitro while avoiding overexpression. We found that PTEN-L, unlike PTEN, localises predominantly in the cytosol and translocates to the nucleus 10-20 minutes after glutamate stress. Genomic ablation of PTEN and PTEN-L increased neuronal susceptibility to oxygen-glucose deprivation. This effect was rescued by expression of either PTEN-L indicating that both PTEN isoforms might contribute to a neuroprotective response. However, in direct comparison, PTEN-L replaced neurons were protected against ischemic-like stress compared to neurons expressing PTEN. Neurons expressing strictly nuclear PTEN-L NLS showed increased vulnerability, indicating that nuclear PTEN-L alone is not sufficient in protecting against stress. We identified mutually exclusive binding partners of PTEN-L or PTEN in cytosolic or nuclear fractions, which were regulated after ischemic-like stress. GRB2-associated-binding protein 2, which is known to interact with phosphoinositol-3-kinase, was enriched specifically with PTEN-L in the cytosol in proximity to the plasma membrane and their interaction was lost after glutamate exposure. The present study revealed that PTEN and PTEN-L have distinct functions in response to stress and might be involved in different mechanisms of neuroprotection.
Nagasaki kōeki nikki
長崎行役日記
Creators: name: Nagakubo, Sekisui, 1717-1801
Publisher: name: Ōsaka : Asano Yahē and five others
Year: 2020

description: Cover title: 標註圖畫長崎紀行 Hyōchū zuga Nagasaki kikō (Account of an journey to Nagasaki, annotated and illustrated). Contents: (Beans 1805.2) 宰府天満宮図 Saifu Tenmangū zu (Map of Dazaifu Tenmangū Shrine). -- 1 map in 3 frames (15.7 x 15.2 cm.) ; 15.7 x 45.4 cm.; (Beans 1805.3) 厳島図 Itsukushima no zu (View of Itsukushima Shrine). -- 20.1 x 16.8 cm.; (Beans 1805.4) 近江国琵琶湖図 Ōmi no Kuni Biwako no zu (Map of Lake Biwa, Ōmi Province). -- 16 x 30 cm.
Critical mass on the Keller-Segel system with signal-dependent motility
Creators: name: Jin, Hai-Yang
name: Wang, Zhi-An
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is concerned with the global boundedness and blowup of solutions to the Keller-Segel system with density-dependent motility in a two-dimensional bounded smooth domain with Neumman boundary conditions. We show that if the motility function decays exponentially, then a critical mass phenomenon similar to the minimal Keller-Segel model will arise. That is there is a number $m_*>0$, such that the solution will globally exist with uniform-in-time bound if the initial cell mass (i.e. $L^1$-norm of the initial value of cell density) is less than $m_*$, while the solution may blow up if the initial cell mass is greater than $m_*$.
Natural majorization of the Quantum Fourier Transformation in phase-estimation algorithms
Creators: name: Orus, Roman
name: Latorre, Jose I.
name: Martin-Delgado, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that majorization relations hold step by step in the Quantum Fourier Transformation (QFT) for phase-estimation algorithms considered in the canonical decomposition. Our result relies on the fact that states which are mixed by Hadamard operators at any stage of the computation only differ by a phase. This property is a consequence of the structure of the initial state and of the QFT, based on controlled-phase operators and a single action of a Hadamard gate per qubit. As a consequence, Hadamard gates order the probability distribution associated to the quantum state, whereas controlled-phase operators carry all the entanglement but are immaterial to majorization. We also prove that majorization in phase-estimation algorithms follows in a most natural way from unitary evolution, unlike its counterpart in Grover's algorithm.
description: LaTeX, 19 pages, 2 figures, minor corrections added
MOESM3 of Inflammation in delayed ischemia and functional outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Creators: name: Ahn, Sung-Ho
name: Savarraj, Jude
name: Parsha, Kaushik
name: Hergenroeder, Georgene
name: Chang, Tiffany
name: Kim, Dong
name: Kitagawa, Ryan
name: Blackburn, Spiros
name: H. Choi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. Cytokines associated with DCI and functional outcomes in each time point after SAH. Table S2. Differences in baseline variables between subjects who were enrolled and not-enrolled in the study. Table S3. Multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of poor clinical outcomes. (DOCX 54 kb)
Activity Based Anorexia as an Animal Model for Anorexia Nervosa–A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Schalla, Martha A.
name: Stengel, Andreas
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: eating disorder
subject: food restriction
subject: hyperactivity
subject: hypophagia
subject: mice
subject: rats
subject: self-starvation
subject: weight loss
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder affecting around 1 per 100 persons. However, the knowledge about its underlying pathophysiology is limited. To address the need for a better understanding of AN, an animal model was established early on in the late 1960's: the activity-based anorexia (ABA) model in which rats have access to a running wheel combined with restricted food access leading to self-starving/body weight loss and hyperactivity. Both symptoms, separately or combined, can also be found in patients with AN. The aim of this systematic review was to compile the current knowledge about this animal model as well as to address gaps in knowledge. Using the data bases of PubMed, Embase and Web of science 102 publications were identified meeting the search criteria. Here, we show that the ABA model mimics core features of human AN and has been characterized with regards to brain alterations, hormonal changes as well as adaptations of the immune system. Moreover, pharmacological interventions in ABA animals and new developments, such as a chronic adaptation of the ABA model, will be highlighted. The chronic model might be well suited to display AN characteristics but should be further characterized. Lastly, limitations of the model will be discussed.
Does Local Label Bias Consumer Taste Bud and Preference: Evidence of a Strawberry Sensory Experiment
Creators: name: He, Chenyi
name: Gao, Zhifeng
name: Sims, Charles A.
name: Zhao, Xin
name: He, Chenyi
name: Gao, Zhifeng
name: Sims, Charles A.
name: Zhao, Xin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Strawberry
subject: Local produced
subject: Sensory test
subject: Willingness to pay
subject: Multivariate Tobit model

description: Demand for local food, particularly for fresh vegetable and fruits, keeps increasing. Consumer claimed reasons of purchasing local food often include that local food are fresher, more environmental friendly and can support local community, which implies that the local information can affect consumer’ perception of food quality. Previous research mainly focused on the impact of local information/label on consumer preference as a credence attribute that is not observable even after purchasing the products. However, the local information of food may also influence consumer perception of the other two types of important attributes, search and credence attributes. In this study, we linked sensory test with consumer willingness to pay (WTP) to determine the impact of local information on consumer perception of strawberry search and experience attributes and how these three types of attributes affect consumer choice. Results show that providing local information positively affect some of the search and experience attributes such as color, freshness and flavor. Locality information is not a significant factor to determine consumers’ WTP. In addition, freshness and color have significant impact on consumer WTP before respondents taste the strawberries while flavor and texture became dominant to have most influential impact on consumer WTP after tasting.
Spin structure function g_1 at low x: status and plans
Creators: name: Badelek, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A brief review of measurements and expectations concerning the spin structure function g_1 of the nucleon at low values of the scaling variable x is given.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Invited talk presented at the ``International Workshop on the Spin Structure of the Proton and Polarized Collider Physics'', ECT*, Trento, Italy, July 23-28, 2001
Molecular cloud formation by compression of magnetized turbulent gas subjected to radiative cooling
Creators: name: Mandal, Ankush
name: Federrath, Christoph
name: Körtgen, Bastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex turbulent motions of magnetized gas are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium. The source of this turbulence, however, is still poorly understood. Previous work suggests that compression caused by supernova shockwaves, gravity, or cloud collisions, may drive the turbulence to some extent. In this work, we present three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of contraction in turbulent, magnetized clouds from the warm neutral medium (WNM) of the ISM to the formation of cold dense molecular clouds, including radiative heating and cooling. We study different contraction rates and find that observed molecular cloud properties, such as the temperature, density, Mach number, and magnetic field strength, and their respective scaling relations, are best reproduced when the contraction rate equals the turbulent turnover rate. In contrast, if the contraction rate is significantly larger (smaller) than the turnover rate, the compression drives too much (too little) turbulence, producing unrealistic cloud properties. We find that the density probability distribution function evolves from a double log-normal representing the two-phase ISM, to a skewed, single log-normal in the dense, cold phase. For purely hydrodynamical simulations, we find that the effective driving parameter of contracting cloud turbulence is natural to mildly compressive (\mbox{$b\sim0.4$--$0.5$}), while for MHD turbulence, we find \mbox{$b\sim0.3$--$0.4$}, i.e., solenoidal to naturally mixed. Overall, the physical properties of the simulated clouds that contract at a rate equal to the turbulent turnover rate, indicate that large-scale contraction may explain the origin and evolution of turbulence in the ISM.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
MOESM2 of Genome sequencing of evolved aspergilli populations reveals robust genomes, transversions in A. flavus, and sexual aberrancy in non-homologous end-joining mutants
Creators: name: Álvarez-Escribano, Isidro
name: Sasse, Christoph
name: Bok, Jin
name: Hyunsoo Na
name: Amirebrahimi, Mojgan
name: Lipzen, Anna
name: Schackwitz, Wendy
name: Martin, Joel
name: Barry, Kerrie
name: Gutiérrez, Gabriel
name: Cea-Sánchez, Sara
name: Marcos, Ana
name: Grigoriev, Igor
name: Keller, Nancy
name: Braus, Gerhard
name: Cánovas, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. The distribution of mutations per chromosome in the Aspergillus species. Total number of mutations per chromosome in all MA lines of both wild type and ∆ku70 mutant strains are shown for each species. Black bars represent the chromosomes in which the ku70 and ku80 genes are located in each species.
High-precision limits on $W$-$W'$ and $Z$-$Z'$ mixing from diboson production using the full LHC Run 2 ATLAS data set
Creators: name: Pankov, A. A.
name: Osland, P.
name: Serenkova, I. A.
name: Bednyakov, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The full ATLAS Run 2 data set with time-integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$ in the diboson channels in hadronic final states is used to probe a simple model with an extended gauge sector (EGM), proposed by Altarelli et al., and often taken as a convenient benchmark by experimentalists. This model accommodates new charged $W'$ and neutral $Z'$ vector bosons with modified trilinear Standard Model gauge couplings, decaying into electroweak gauge boson pairs $WZ$ or $WW$, where $W$/$Z$ decay hadronically. Exclusion limits at the 95% C.L. on the $Z'$ and $W'$ resonance production cross section times branching ratio to electroweak gauge boson pairs in the mass range of $\sim$ 1 - 5 TeV are here converted to constraints on $W$-$W'$ and $Z$-$Z'$ mixing parameters and masses for the EGM. We present exclusion regions on the parameter space of the $W'$ and $Z'$ by using the full Run 2 data set comprised of $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN LHC. The obtained exclusion regions are significantly extended compared to those obtained from the previous analysis performed with Tevatron data as well as with LHC data collected at 7 and 8 TeV in Run 1 and are the most stringent bounds to date.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1904.01432, arXiv:1809.08933. v2: clarifications, version published in EPJC
Standardized assay for assessment of minimal residual disease in blood, bone marrow and apheresis from patients with plasma cell myeloma
Creators: name: Blum, Agnieszka
name: Haussmann, Katy
name: Streitz, Mathias
name: Schlickeiser, Stephan
name: Tietze-Buerger, Carola
name: Blau, Igor Wolfgang
name: Uharek, Lutz
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: bone marrow
subject: minimal residual disease (MRD)
subject: progression free survival (PFS)
subject: overall survival (OS)
subject: myeloma
subject: stem cell apheresis
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The recent advances in myeloma treatment result in significantly better outcomes, defined as increased progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Since there is a proven correlation between the extend of response and prolonged survival, there is an urgent need for highly sensitive assays for the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD). Next generation flow cytometry has become a valuable approach for sensitive evaluation of the depth of complete response (CR). Here, we report the diagnostic performance and validation results of a single-tube 9-color panel assay. The validation design included intra-assay analysis measuring accuracy, inter-assay analysis estimating method's linearity and precision and inter-assay analysis evaluating repeatability. Furthermore, in inter-operator analysis assessed the comparability of the result analysis of different operators. Staining stability was evaluated in age-of-stain experiments. Our validation results show that a reliable detection of residual myeloma cells is feasible to a detection level of 10(-5) with a single-tube assay for a variety of materials (peripheral blood, bone marrow and stem cell apheresis). This study establishes highly sensitive, fully standardized approach for MRD detection in myeloma that is ready for implementation in routine diagnostic laboratories.
Effects of size of protected areas on ecological and economic effectiveness
Creators: name: Cho, Seong-Hoon
name: Kim, Taeyoung
name: Armsworth, Paul R.
name: Cho, Seong-Hoon
name: Kim, Taeyoung
name: Armsworth, Paul R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Ecological and economic effectiveness
subject: Return-on-investment
subject: Size of protected area

description: This research analyzes how the size of protected areas influences the ecological and economic effectiveness through a return-on-investment in conservation (ROI) to help conservation organizations prioritize protected areas. Using the case study, we focus on whether the size variation has implications on ROI that is estimated by local richness (i.e., the total number of target species represented within a set of protected areas) divided by acquisition cost. We found that (i) local richness on a dollar invested to acquire a parcel is greater for smaller parcels than larger parcels and (ii) almost a half of the total effect of protected size on ROI is spillover effects. Our findings suggest that smaller land parcels should be prioritized for protection as part of an ecological and economic conservation strategy with understanding of spatial spillover effect of size of protected area on ROI.
Phase diagrams of polymer-containing liquid mixtures with a theory-embedded neural network
Creators: name: Nakamura, Issei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a deep neural network (DNN) that accounts for the phase behaviors of polymer-containing liquid mixtures. The key component in the DNN consists of a theory-embedded layer that captures the characteristic features of the phase behavior via coarse-grained mean-field theory and scaling laws and substantially enhances the accuracy of the DNN. Moreover, this layer enables us to reduce the size of the DNN for the phase diagrams of the mixtures. This study also presents the predictive power of the DNN for the phase behaviors of polymer solutions and salt-free and salt-doped diblock copolymer melts.
Supplementary document for Generic saturation‐induced phase error correction for structured light 3D shape measurement - 5888482.pdf
Creators: name: Tan, Ji
name: su, wenqing
name: he, zhaoshui
name: Bai, yulei
name: Dong, Bo
name: Xie, Shengli
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental Document
Spin-depedent transmission of holes through periodically modulated diluted magnetic semiconductor waveguides
Creators: name: Wang, X. F.
name: Vasilopoulos, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study spin transport of holes through stubless or stubbed waveguides modulated periodically by diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) sections of width b1 . Injected holes of up (down) spin feel a periodically modulated barrier (well) potential in the DMS sections and have different transmission (T) coefficients. T oscillates with b1 for spin-down and decreases fast for spin-up holes while the relative polarization Pr depends nearly periodically on the stub height. Using asymmetric stubs leads to a nearly square-wave pattern in T and to wide plateaus in Pr . T oscillates with the length between the DMS sections. With two DMS sections per unit, T shows periodically wide gaps for spin-down holes when a DMS width is varied. The results can be used to create efficient spin filters.
description: 5figures
MOESM1 of Accurate detection of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations in metastatic colorectal cancers by bridged nucleic acid-clamp real-time PCR
Creators: name: Nagakubo, Yuki
name: Hirotsu, Yosuke
name: Amemiya, Kenji
name: Oyama, Toshio
name: Mochizuki, Hitoshi
name: Omata, Masao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Principle of BNA-clamp PCR. Forward and reverse primers amplify the targeted mutation. A BNA probe binds to the wild-type allele but not to the mutated allele. The BNA probe selectively inhibits PCR amplification of the wild-type allele. F, fluorescence; Q, quencher.
Progeny? Performance? What really matters in a stud fee.
Creators: name: Hansen, Charlotte
name: Saghaian, Sayed
name: Hansen, Charlotte
name: Saghaian, Sayed
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Thoroughbred sires
subject: hedonic price analysis
subject: Thoroughbred industry
subject: stud fee

description: Determinants of stud fees are investigated for the first five years of a sire’s breeding career. In each year, more information about the quality of horse as a sire becomes available. Data is utilized with 163 sires entering the breeding shed between 2002 and 2005. Using Hedonic Price Analysis, it can be identified which determinants affect the stud fees to shift in price over a five year period. Results show strong evidence that a sire standing in the state of Kentucky is significant, and that a sires own racetrack performance is significant earlier on in his breeding career, with his progeny’s performance playing a key role in determining stud fee prices in later years.
Goniagnathus (Tropicognathus) zeylanicus Viraktamath & Gnaneswaran, 2009, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Viraktamath, C. A.
name: Gnaneswaran, R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Goniagnathus
Goniagnathus zeylanicus

description: Goniagnathus (Tropicognathus) zeylanicus sp. nov.
Figs 5, 6, 19–24.
 Coloration similar to that in G. nepalicus but slightly darker with less intensity of reddish brown coloration. Head with anterior marginal creamy yellow band interrupted by dark brown patches, additional transverse stripe of connected dark brown spots posterior to submarginal solid dark brown stripe. Fore femora with three ill defined stripes dark brown.
 Male genitalia: Pygophore with caudal lobe rounded, ventral and cephalic margins concave, without apodemes; dorsal appendage half as long as pygophore, caudally narrowed and slightly ventrally curved. Fused subgenital plate broad, rather rectangular, with straight caudal margin. Style with apex of apophysis bifid, mesal lobe shorter and more slender than outer lobe. Aedeagus with shaft bent dorsally at mid-length, with a pair of ventral and a pair of lateral appendages at point of bend; ventral pair of appendages longer than lateral pair and slightly exceeding apex of shaft; gonopore apical.
 Female: Seventh sternite broader than long, caudo-lateral angles sub-prominent, hind margin shallowly concave with a median insinuation.
 Measurements: Male 6.0 mm long, 2.5–2.6 mm wide across eyes; female 6.6 mm long, 2.6 mm wide across eyes.
 Material examined: Holotype male, SRI LANKA: Galagethara, 30.i.2007, R. Gnaneswaran (UASB). Paratypes: 1 male, 1 female, data as for holotype (BMNH, IAUP).
 Ramarks: G. zeylanicus externally resembles, G. fumosus, as they share the similar shape of the fused subgenital plate. However, in G. fumosus the styles exceed subgenital plate which is not the case in G. zeylanicus and the structure of the aedeagus in the two species is entirely different. This species resembles G. (T.) concavus in having both the dorsal and the ventral processes of aedeagal shaft arising at the same level, but differs from it in the shape and direction of the ventral process (compare Figures 22 and 13).
description: Published as part of Viraktamath, C. A. & Gnaneswaran, R., 2009, Three new species of Goniagnathus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent with description of a new subgenus, pp. 51-59 in Zootaxa 2224 (1) on pages 57-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2245.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5322543
Triggering Factors for US Import Refusals
Creators: name: Nguyen, Ly
name: Robert, Nelson
name: Norbert, Wilson
name: Nguyen, Ly
name: Robert, Nelson
name: Norbert, Wilson
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Import refusals
subject: triggering factor
subject: food
subject: drug
subject: cosmetics.

description: Antifreeze in toothpaste and melamine-tainted infant formula have raised concerns about the quality and safety of imports into the US to unprecedented levels. However, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cannot inspect all imports, so their inspections are path-dependent (Baylis et al., 2009) and targeted based on risk (Elder, 2013). This research investigates potential factors triggering FDA's import refusals within the three categories of food, drugs, and cosmetics during the period from 2002 to 2014. Triggering factors are differentiated by: 1) FDA's human resource and financial capacity; 2) product-specific characteristics; 3) economic and political pressures in the US and exporting countries; and 4) spillover effects among exporting countries. Number of refusals and ratio of refusals to import value are used as the dependent variable in a dynamic panel data model and in Negative Binominal model, respectively. The dummy variables for 20 countries classified into three regions (Asia, EU, and the Americas) are not statistically significant. Factors related to FDA's human resource and financial capacity, including FDA budget allocation, FDA foreign offices, the Food Safety Modernization Act of 2010 and historical compliance all have a significant influence on refusals. Determination of spillover effects indicates that lagged refusals and food scandal from China caused significant influence on rejections not only from the neighbor countries but also the EU members and American countries.
A Rainich-like approach to the Killing-Yano tensors
Creators: name: Ferrando, J. J.
name: Sáez, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Rainich problem for the Killing-Yano tensors posed by Collinson \cite{col} is solved. In intermediate steps, we first obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for a 2+2 almost-product structure to determine the principal 2--planes of a skew-symmetric Killing-Yano tensor and then we give the additional conditions on a symmetric Killing tensor for it to be the square of a Killing-Yano tensor.We also analyze a similar problem for the conformal Killing-Yano and the conformal Killing tensors. Our results show that, in both cases, the principal 2--planes define a maxwellian structure. The associated Maxwell fields are obtained and we outline how this approach is of interest in studying the spacetimes that admit these kind of first integrals of the geodesic equation.
description: 19 pages, 0 figures
Antibiotic Class and Outcome in Post-stroke Infections: An Individual Participant Data Pooled Analysis of VISTA-Acute
Creators: name: Smith, Craig J.
name: Heal, Calvin
name: Vail, Andy
name: Jeans, Adam R.
name: Westendorp, Willeke F.
name: Nederkoorn, Paul J.
name: Beek, Diederik Van De
name: Kalra, Lalit
name: Montaner, Joan
name: Woodhead, Mark
name: Meisel, Andreas
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: acute
subject: antibiotics
subject: post-stroke infections
subject: post-stroke pneumonia
subject: prognosis
subject: stroke
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Introduction: Antibiotics used to treat post-stroke infections have differing antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Our aim was to investigate whether antibiotic class was associated with outcome after post-stroke infection. Methods: We analyzed pooled individual participant data from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA)-Acute. Patients with ischemic stroke and with an infection treated with systemic antibiotic therapy during the first 2 weeks after stroke onset were eligible. Antibiotics were grouped into eight classes, according to antimicrobial mechanism and prevalence. The primary analysis investigated whether antibiotic class for any infection, or for pneumonia, was independently associated with a shift in 90 day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) using ordinal logistic regression. Results: 2,708 patients were eligible (median age [IQR] = 74 [65 to 80] y; 51% female; median [IQR] NIHSS score = 15 [11 to 19]). Pneumonia occurred in 35%. Treatment with macrolides (5% of any infections; 9% of pneumonias) was independently associated with more favorable mRS distribution for any infection [OR (95% CI) = 0.59 (0.42 to 0.83), p = 0.004] and for pneumonia [OR (95% CI) = 0.46 (0.29 to 0.73), p = 0.001]. Unfavorable mRS distribution was independently associated with treatment of any infection either with carbapenems, cephalosporins or monobactams [OR (95% CI) = 1.62 (1.33 to 1.97), p < 0.001], penicillin plus β-lactamase inhibitors [OR (95% CI) = 1.26 (1.03 to 1.54), p = 0.025] or with aminoglycosides [OR (95% CI) = 1.73 (1.22 to 2.46), p = 0.002]. Conclusion: This retrospective study has several limitations including effect modification and confounding by indication. Macrolides may have favorable immune-modulatory effects in stroke-associated infections. Prospective evaluation of the impact of antibiotic class on treatment of post-stroke infections is warranted.
Massive vector trapping as a gauge boson on a brane
Creators: name: Ghoroku, Kazuo
name: Nakamura, Akihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a mechanism to trap massive vector fields as a photon on the Randall-Sundrum brane embedded in the five dimensional AdS space. This localization-mechanism of the photon is realized by considering a brane action, to which a quadratic potential of the bulk-vector fields is added. We also point out that this potential gives several constraints on the fluctuations of the vector fields in the bulk space.
description: 11 pages, no figure, LaTex
Entanglement of photons
Creators: name: van Enk, S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is argued that the title of this paper represents a misconception. Contrary to widespread beliefs it is electromagnetic field modes that are ``systems'' and can be entangled, not photons. The amount of entanglement in a given state is shown to depend on redefinitions of the modes; we calculate the minimum and maximum over all such redefinitions for several examples.
description: 5 pages ReVTeX
Induced correlations between impurities in a one-dimensional quenched Bose gas
Creators: name: Mistakidis, S. I.
name: Volosniev, A. G.
name: Schmelcher, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the time evolution of two impurities in a trapped one-dimensional Bose gas that follows a change of the boson-impurity interaction. We study the induced impurity-impurity interactions and their effect on the quench dynamics. In particular, we report on the size of the impurity cloud, the impurity-impurity entanglement, and the impurity-impurity correlation function. The presented numerical simulations are based upon the variational multilayer multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree method for bosons. To analyze and quantify induced impurity-impurity correlations, we employ an effective two-body Hamiltonian with a contact interaction. We show that the effective model consistent with the mean-field attraction of two heavy impurities explains qualitatively our results for weak interactions. Our findings suggest that the quench dynamics in cold-atom systems can be a tool for studying impurity-impurity correlations.
description: Version accepted for publication in Physical Review Research
MOESM1 of Genome sequencing of evolved aspergilli populations reveals robust genomes, transversions in A. flavus, and sexual aberrancy in non-homologous end-joining mutants
Creators: name: Álvarez-Escribano, Isidro
name: Sasse, Christoph
name: Bok, Jin
name: Hyunsoo Na
name: Amirebrahimi, Mojgan
name: Lipzen, Anna
name: Schackwitz, Wendy
name: Martin, Joel
name: Barry, Kerrie
name: Gutiérrez, Gabriel
name: Cea-Sánchez, Sara
name: Marcos, Ana
name: Grigoriev, Igor
name: Keller, Nancy
name: Braus, Gerhard
name: Cánovas, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Boxplot showing the frequency of each mutation identified in all the MA lines of each strain. MA lines consist of populations of nuclei. The boxplot represents the frequency of each mutation found in each population of nuclei in each MA line. Mutations were called when they were present in more than 10% of nuclei.
Effects of spermidine supplementation on cognition and biomarkers in older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SmartAge)—study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Wirth, Miranka
name: Schwarz, Claudia
name: Benson, Gloria
name: Horn, Nora
name: Buchert, Ralph
name: Lange, Catharina
name: Köbe, Theresa
name: Hetzer, Stefan
name: Maglione, Marta
name: Michael, Eva
name: Märschenz, Stefanie
name: Mai, Knut
name: Kopp, Ute
name: Schmitz, Dietmar
name: Grittner, Ulrike
name: Sigrist, Stephan J.
name: Stekovic, Slaven
name: Madeo, Frank
name: Flöel, Agnes
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Aging
subject: Autophagy
subject: Dietary supplementation
subject: Health
subject: Memory
subject: Nutrition
subject: Polyamines
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Given the global increase in the aging population and age-related diseases, the promotion of healthy aging is one of the most crucial public health issues. This trial aims to contribute to the establishment of effective approaches to promote cognitive and brain health in older individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Presence of SCD is known to increase the risk of objective cognitive decline and progression to dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, it is our primary goal to determine whether spermidine supplementation has a positive impact on memory performance in this at-risk group, as compared with placebo. The secondary goal is to examine the effects of spermidine intake on other neuropsychological, behavioral, and physiological parameters. Methods: The SmartAge trial is a monocentric, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIb trial. The study will investigate 12 months of intervention with spermidine-based nutritional supplementation (target intervention) compared with 12months of placebo intake (control intervention). We plan to recruit 100 cognitively normal older individuals with SCD from memory clinics, neurologists and general practitioners in private practice, and the general population. Participants will be allocated to one of the two study arms using blockwise randomization stratified by age and sex with a 1:1 allocation ratio. The primary outcome is the change in memory performance between baseline and post-intervention visits (12 months after baseline). Secondary outcomes include the change in memory performance from baseline to follow-up assessment (18months after baseline), as well as changes in neurocognitive, behavioral, and physiological parameters (including blood and neuroimaging biomarkers), assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Discussion: The SmartAge trial aims to provide evidence of the impact of spermidine supplementation on memory performance in older individuals with SCD. In addition, we will identify possible neurophysiological mechanisms of action underlying the anticipated cognitive benefits. Overall, this trial will contribute to the establishment of nutrition intervention in the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease.
Primordial black holes and gravitational waves from parametric amplification of curvature perturbations
Creators: name: Cai, Rong-Gen
name: Guo, Zong-Kuan
name: Liu, Jing
name: Liu, Lang
name: Yang, Xing-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a new mechanism to create large curvature perturbations on small scales due to parameter resonance in a single-field inflationary model with a small periodic structure upon the potential. After reentering the horizon, the amplified curvature perturbations can lead to observable primordial black holes as well as stochastic gravitational waves. The mass of primordial black holes and frequency of the induced gravitational waves depend on the model parameters. The resulted primordial black hole could constitute all dark matter or a fraction of dark matter in the universe, and corresponding stochastic gravitational waves fall in the frequency band measurable for the pulsar timing array and the space-based gravitational wave detectors.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures; matches the published version