cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
First results from Faint Infrared Grism Survey (FIGS): first simultaneous detection of Lyman-alpha emission and Lyman break from a galaxy at z=7.51
Creators: name: Tilvi, V.
name: Pirzkal, N.
name: Malhotra, S.
name: Finkelstein, S. L.
name: Rhoads, J. E.
name: Windhorst, R.
name: Grogin, N. A.
name: Koekemoer, A.
name: Zakamska, N.
name: Ryan, R.
name: Christensen, L.
name: Hathi, N.
name: Pharo, J.
name: Joshi, B.
name: Yang, H.
name: Gronwall, C.
name: Cimatti, A.
name: Walsh, J.
name: OConnell, R.
name: Straughn, A.
name: Ostlin, G.
name: Rothberg, B.
name: Livermore, R. C.
name: Hibon, P.
name: Gardner, Jonathan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxies at high redshifts provide a valuable tool to study cosmic dawn, and therefore it is crucial to reliably identify these galaxies. Here, we present an unambiguous and first simultaneous detection of both the Lyman-alpha emission and the Lyman break from a z = 7.512+/- 0.004 galaxy, observed in the Faint Infrared Grism Survey (FIGS). These spectra, taken with G102 grism on Hubble Space Telescope (HST), show a significant emission line detection (6 sigma) in multiple observational position angles (PA), with total integrated Lyα line flux of 1.06+/- 0.12 e10-17erg s-1cm-2. The line flux is nearly a factor of four higher than the previous MOSFIRE spectroscopic observations of faint Lyα emission at λ = 1.0347μm, yielding z = 7.5078+/- 0.0004. This is consistent with other recent observations implying that ground-based near-infrared spectroscopy underestimates total emission line fluxes, and if confirmed, can have strong implications for reionization studies that are based on ground-based Lyman-α measurements. A 4-σ detection of the NV line in one PA also suggests a weak Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN), potentially making this source the highest-redshift AGN yet found. Thus, this observation from the Hubble Space Telescope clearly demonstrates the sensitivity of the FIGS survey, and the capability of grism spectroscopy to study the epoch of reionization.
description: Published in ApJL; matches published version
Monitoring-induced Entanglement Entropy and Sampling Complexity
Creators: name: Van Regemortel, Mathias
name: Shtanko, Oles
name: Garcia-Pintos, Luis Pedro
name: Deshpande, Abhinav
name: Dehghani, Hossein
name: Gorshkov, Alexey V.
name: Hafezi, Mohammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of open quantum systems is generally described by a master equation, which describes the loss of information into the environment. By using a simple model of uncoupled emitters, we illustrate how the recovery of this information depends on the monitoring scheme applied to register the decay clicks. The dissipative dynamics, in this case, is described by pure-state stochastic trajectories and we examine different unravelings of the same master equation. More precisely, we demonstrate how registering the sequence of clicks from spontaneously emitted photons through a linear optical interferometer induces entanglement in the trajectory states. Since this model consists of an array of single-photon emitters, we show a direct equivalence with Fock-state boson sampling and link the hardness of sampling the outcomes of the quantum jumps with the scaling of trajectory entanglement.
SU(2) uncertainty limits
Creators: name: Shabbir, Saroosh
name: Björk, Gunnar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although progress has been made recently in defining nontrivial uncertainty limits for the SU(2) group, a description of the intermediate states bound by these limits remains lacking. In this paper we enumerate possible uncertainty relations for the SU(2) group that involve all three observables and that are, moreover, invariant under SU(2) transformations. We demonstrate that these relations however, even taken as a group, do not provide sharp, saturable bounds. To find sharp bounds, we systematically calculate the variance of the SU(2) operators for all pure states belonging to the $N=2$ and $N=3$ polarisation excitation manifold (corresponding to spin 1 and spin 3/2). Lastly, and perhaps counter to expectation, we note that even pure states can reach the maximum uncertainty limit.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Maximal spectral surfaces of revolution converge to a catenoid
Creators: name: Ariturk, Sinan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35P15

description: We consider a maximization problem for eigenvalues of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on surfaces of revolution in $\mathbb{R}^3$ with two prescribed boundary components. For every $j$, we show that there is a surface $Σ_j$ which maximizes the $j$-th Dirichlet eigenvalue. The maximizing surface has a meridian which is a rectifiable curve. If there is a catenoid which is the unique area minimizing surface with the prescribed boundary, then the eigenvalue maximizing surfaces of revolution converge to this catenoid.
Stretching of a fractal polymer around a disc reveals KPZ-like statistics
Creators: name: Polovnikov, Kirill E.
name: Nechaev, Sergei K.
name: Grosberg, Alexander Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While stretching of a polymer along a flat surface is hardly different from the classical Pincus problem of pulling chain ends in free space, the role of curved geometry in conformational statistics of the stretched chain is an exciting open question. Here by means of the scaling analyses and computer simulations we examine stretching of a fractal polymer chain around a disc in 2D (or a cylinder in 3D) of radius $R$. Surprisingly, we reveal that the typical excursions of the polymer away from the surface scale as $Δ\sim R^β$, with the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) growth exponent $β=1/3$, for any fractal dimension of the chain. Moreover, we find that the curvature-induced correlation length of a fractal chain behaves as $S^* \sim R^{1/z}$ with the KPZ dynamic exponent $z=3/2$, suggesting that the crossover from flat to curved geometry of a stretched polymer corresponds to the crossover from large to short time scales in the KPZ stochastic growth. Thus, we argue that curvature of an underlying boundary furnishes universal KPZ-like statistics to the stretched fractal paths, which further suggests numerous connections with several branches of mathematical physics.
Infrared spectra at coupled cluster accuracy from neural network representations
Creators: name: Beckmann, Richard
name: Brieuc, Fabien
name: Schran, Christoph
name: Marx, Dominik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Infrared spectroscopy is key to elucidate molecular structures, monitor reactions and observe conformational changes, while providing information on both structural and dynamical properties. This makes the accurate prediction of infrared spectra based on first-principle theories a highly desirable pursuit. Molecular dynamics simulations have proven to be a particularly powerful approach for this task, albeit requiring the computation of energies, forces and dipole moments for a large number of molecular configurations as a function of time. This explains why highly accurate first principles methods, such as coupled cluster theory, have so far been inapplicable for the prediction of fully anharmonic vibrational spectra of large systems at finite temperatures. Here, we push cutting-edge machine learning techniques forward by using neural network representations of energies, forces and in particular dipoles to predict such infrared spectra fully at "gold standard" coupled cluster accuracy as demonstrated for protonated water clusters as large as the protonated water hexamer, in its extended Zundel configuration. Furthermore, we show that this methodology can be used beyond the scope of the data considered during the development of the neural network models, allowing for the computation of finite-temperature infrared spectra of large systems inaccessible to explicit coupled cluster calculations. This substantially expands the hitherto existing limits of accuracy, speed and system size for theoretical spectroscopy and opens up a multitude of avenues for the prediction of vibrational spectra and the understanding of complex intra- and intermolecular couplings.
Rebell, Walter: Psychologisches Grundwissen für Theologen
Creators: name: Veeser, Wilfried
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie
Year: 2025

description: 1822366275
description: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, V. 3 (1989): Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, Band 3
Bose-Einstein condensation on hyperbolic spaces
Creators: name: Lemm, Marius
name: Siebert, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A well-known conjecture in mathematical physics asserts that the interacting Bose gas exhibits Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in the thermodynamic limit. We consider the Bose gas on certain hyperbolic spaces. In this setting, one obtains a short proof of BEC in the infinite-volume limit from the existence of a volume-independent spectral gap of the Laplacian.
description: 27 pages, v1->v2: minor changes and added references
Weakly discontinuous and resolvable functions between topological spaces
Creators: name: Banakh, Taras
name: Bokalo, Bogdan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54C08

description: We prove that a function $f:X\to Y$ from a first-countable (more generally, Preiss-Simon) space $X$ to a regular space $Y$ is weakly discontinuous (which means that every subspace $A\subset X$ contains an open dense subset $U\subset A$ such that $f|U$ is continuous) if and only if $f$ is open-resolvable (in the sense that for every open subset $U\subset Y$ the preimage $f^{-1}(U)$ is a resolvable subset of $X$) if and only if $f$ is resolvable (in the sense that for every resolvable subset $R\subset Y$ the preimage $f^{-1}(R)$ is a resolvable subset of $X$). For functions on metrizable spaces this characterization was announced (without proof) by Vinokurov in 1985.
description: 5 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0801.2131
Cosmic acceleration and energy conditions in $Λ$CDM symmetric teleparallel $f(Q)$ gravity
Creators: name: Koussour, M.
name: Shekh, S. H.
name: Bennai, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study a spatially homogeneous and isotropic FLRW cosmological model in framework of the symmetric teleparallel $f(Q)$ gravity proposed by Jimenez et al. (Physical Review D 98.4 (2018): 044048), where the non-metricity $Q$ is responsible for the gravitational interaction. For the whole analysis we have considered a special form of $f\left(Q\right)$ gravity function i.e. $f\left( Q\right) =αQ^{n}+β$ (where $α$, $β$, and $n$ are the dynamical model constant parameters) in the direction of $t\left( z\right) =\frac{kt_{0}}{b}f\left( z\right)$, where, $f\left( z\right) =W\left[ \frac{b}{k}e^{\frac{b-\ln \left(1+z\right) }{k}}\right] $ and $W$ denotes the Lambert function. We have discussed two cases of the function: linear $f(Q)$ model towards $ n=1$ and quadratic for $n=2$. In both the model we had verified the validity of the models with the help of energy conditions along with some physical parameters like equation of state parameter, jerk parameter, statefinder parameters are also discussed in details and compared it with the observational data.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
Data modelling recipes for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology
Creators: name: Rauch, Wolfgang
name: Schenk, Hannes
name: Insam, Heribert
name: Markt, Rudolf
name: Kreuzinger, Norbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Wastewater based epidemiology is recognized as one of the monitoring pillars, providing essential information for pandemic management. Central in the methodology are data modelling concepts for both communicating the monitoring results but also for analysis of the signal. It is due to the fast development of the field that a range of modelling concepts are used but without a coherent framework. This paper provides for such a framework, focusing on robust and simple concepts readily applicable, rather than applying latest findings from e.g., machine learning. It is demonstrated that data preprocessing, most important normalization by means of biomarkers and equal temporal spacing of the scattered data, is crucial. In terms of the latter, downsampling to a weekly spaced series is sufficient. Also, data smoothing turned out to be essential, not only for communication of the signal dynamics but likewise for regressions, nowcasting and forecasting. Correlation of the signal with epidemic indicators require multivariate regression as the signal alone cannot explain the dynamics but simple linear regression proofed to be a suitable tool for compensation. It was also demonstrated that short term prediction (7 days) is accurate with simple models (exponential smoothing or autoregressive models) but forecast accuracy deteriorates fast for longer periods.
description: 27 pages 7 figures
A new method for testing isotropy with Shannon entropy
Creators: name: Pandey, Biswajit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel method for testing isotropy of a three-dimensional distribution using Shannon entropy. We test the method on some Monte Carlo simulations of isotropic and anisotropic distributions and find that the method can effectively identify and characterize different types of hemispherical asymmetry inputted in a distribution. We generate anisotropic distributions by introducing pockets of different densities inside homogeneous and isotropic distributions and find that the proposed method can effectively quantify the degree of anisotropy and determine the geometry of the pockets introduced. We also considered spherically symmetric radially inhomogeneous distributions which are anisotropic at all points other than the centre and find that such anisotropy can be easily characterized by our method. We use a semi analytic galaxy catalogue from the Millennium simulation to study the anisotropies induced by the redshift space distortions and find that the method can separate such anisotropies from a general one. The method may be also suitably adapted for any two dimensional maps on the celestial sphere to study the hemispherical asymmetry in other cosmological observations.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, revised some texts and figures and expanded some discussions, results and conclusions are unchanged, Accepted in MNRAS
The short ionizing photon mean free path at z=6 in Cosmic Dawn III, a new fully-coupled radiation-hydrodynamical simulation of the Epoch of Reionization
Creators: name: Lewis, Joseph S. W.
name: Ocvirk, Pierre
name: Sorce, Jenny G.
name: Dubois, Yohan
name: Aubert, Dominique
name: Conaboy, Luke
name: Shapiro, Paul R.
name: Dawoodbhoy, Taha
name: Teyssier, Romain
name: Yepes, Gustavo
name: Gottlöber, Stefan
name: Rasera, Yann
name: Ahn, Kyungjin
name: Iliev, Ilian T.
name: Park, Hyunbae
name: Thélie, Émilie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent determinations of the mean free path of ionising photons (mfp) in the intergalactic medium (IGM) at $\rm z=6$ are lower than many theoretical predictions. To gain insight into this issue, we investigate the evolution of the mfp in our new massive fully coupled radiation hydrodynamics cosmological simulation of reionization: Cosmic Dawn III (CoDaIII). CoDaIII's scale ($\rm 94^3 \, cMpc^3$) and resolution ($\rm 8192^3$ grid) make it particularly suitable to study the evolution of the IGM during Reionization. The simulation was performed with RAMSES-CUDATON on Summit, and used 131072 processors coupled to 24576 GPUs, making it the largest Reionization simulation, and largest RAMSES simulation ever performed. A superior agreement with global constraints on Reionization is obtained in CoDaIII over CoDaII especially for the evolution of the neutral hydrogen fraction and the cosmic photo-ionization rate, thanks to an improved calibration, later end of reionization ($\rm z=5.6$), and higher spatial resolution. Analyzing the mfp, we find that CoDaIII reproduces the most recent observations very well, from $\rm z=6$ to $\rm z=4.6$. We show that the distribution of the mfp in CoDaIII is bimodal, with short (neutral) and long (ionized) mfp modes, respectively, due to the patchiness of reionization and the co-existence of neutral versus ionized regions during Reionization. The neutral mode peaks at sub-kpc to kpc scales of mfp, while the ionized mode peak evolves from $\rm 0.1 Mpc/h$ at $\rm z=7$ to $\sim 10$ Mpc/h at $\rm z=5.2$. Computing the mfp as the average of the ionized mode provides the best match to the recent observational determinations. The distribution reduces to a single neutral (ionized) mode at $\rm z>13$ ($\rm z<5$).
description: Submitted to MNRAS Accepted 2022 August 08. Received 2022 August 05; in original form 2022 February 11
Trace formula for the magnetic Laplacian on a compact hyperbolic surface
Creators: name: Kordyukov, Yuri A.
name: Taimanov, Iskander A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the trace formula for the magnetic Laplacian on a compact hyperbolic surface of constant curvature with constant magnetic field for energies above the Mane critical level of the corresponding magnetic geodesic flow. We discuss the asymptotic behavior of the coefficients of the trace formula when the energy approaches the Mane critical level.
description: 20 pages, v3. Final version
Enhanced tidal stripping of satellites in the galactic halo from dark matter self-interactions
Creators: name: Dooley, Gregory A.
name: Peter, Annika H. G.
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
name: Zavala, Jesús
name: Frebel, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effects of self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) on the tidal stripping and evaporation of satellite galaxies in a Milky Way-like host. We use a suite of five zoom-in, dark-matter-only simulations, two with velocity-independent SIDM cross sections, two with velocity-dependent SIDM cross sections, and one cold dark matter simulation for comparison. After carefully assigning stellar mass to satellites at infall, we find that stars are stripped at a higher rate in SIDM than in CDM. In contrast, the total bound dark matter mass loss rate is minimally affected, with subhalo evaporation having negligible effects on satellites for viable SIDM models. Centrally located stars in SIDM haloes disperse out to larger radii as cores grow. Consequently, the half-light radius of satellites increases, stars become more vulnerable to tidal stripping, and the stellar mass function is suppressed. We find that the ratio of core radius to tidal radius accurately predicts the relative strength of enhanced SIDM stellar stripping. Velocity-independent SIDM models show a modest increase in the stellar stripping effect with satellite mass, whereas velocity-dependent SIDM models show a large increase in this effect towards lower masses, making observations of ultra-faint dwarfs prime targets for distinguishing between and constraining SIDM models. Due to small cores in the largest satellites of velocity-dependent SIDM, no identifiable imprint is left on the all-sky properties of the stellar halo. While our results focus on SIDM, the main physical mechanism of enhanced tidal stripping of stars apply similarly to satellites with cores formed via other means.
description: 19 pages, 18 figures, Accepted by MNRAS
Kasdorf, Hans, Müller, KLaus W. (Hrsg.): Bilanz und Plan
Creators: name: Schirrmacher, Thomas
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie
Year: 2025

description: 1822365163
description: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, V. 3 (1989): Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, Band 3
An Experiment and Detection Scheme for Cavity-based Cold Dark Matter Searches
Creators: name: Bukhari, M. H. S.
name: Shah, Z. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A resonance detection scheme and some useful ideas for cavity-based searches of light cold dark matter particles (such as axions) are presented, as an effort to aid in the on-going endeavors in this direction as well as for future experiments, especially in possibly developing a table-top experiment. The scheme is based on our idea of a resonant detector, incorporating an integrated Tunnel Diode (TD) and a GaAs HEMT/HFET (High Electron Mobility Transistor/Heterogenous FET) transistor amplifier, weakly coupled to a cavity in a strong transverse magnetic field. The TD-amplifier combination is suggested as a sensitive and simple technique to facilitate resonance detection within the cavity while maintaining excellent noise performance, whereas our proposed Halbach magnet array could serve as a low-noise and permanent solution replacing the conventional electromagnets scheme. We present some preliminary test results which demonstrate resonance detection from simulated test signals in a small optimal axion mass range with superior Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR). Our suggested design also contains an overview of a simpler on-resonance dc signal read-out scheme replacing the complicated heterodyne readout. We believe that all these factors and our propositions could possibly improve or at least simplify the resonance detection and read-out in cavity-based DM particle detection searches (and other spectroscopy applications) and reduce the complications (and associated costs), in addition to reducing the electromagnetic interference and background.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures
OctAttention: Octree-Based Large-Scale Contexts Model for Point Cloud Compression
Creators: name: Fu, Chunyang
name: Li, Ge
name: Song, Rui
name: Gao, Wei
name: Liu, Shan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In point cloud compression, sufficient contexts are significant for modeling the point cloud distribution. However, the contexts gathered by the previous voxel-based methods decrease when handling sparse point clouds. To address this problem, we propose a multiple-contexts deep learning framework called OctAttention employing the octree structure, a memory-efficient representation for point clouds. Our approach encodes octree symbol sequences in a lossless way by gathering the information of sibling and ancestor nodes. Expressly, we first represent point clouds with octree to reduce spatial redundancy, which is robust for point clouds with different resolutions. We then design a conditional entropy model with a large receptive field that models the sibling and ancestor contexts to exploit the strong dependency among the neighboring nodes and employ an attention mechanism to emphasize the correlated nodes in the context. Furthermore, we introduce a mask operation during training and testing to make a trade-off between encoding time and performance. Compared to the previous state-of-the-art works, our approach obtains a 10%-35% BD-Rate gain on the LiDAR benchmark (e.g. SemanticKITTI) and object point cloud dataset (e.g. MPEG 8i, MVUB), and saves 95% coding time compared to the voxel-based baseline. The code is available at https://github.com/zb12138/OctAttention.
description: Accepted by AAAI 2022
Dalgarno-Lewis perturbation theory for nonlinear optics
Creators: name: Mossman, Sean
name: Lytel, Rick
name: Kuzyk, Mark G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the quadrature-based perturbation method of Dalgarno and Lewis to the evaluation of the nonlinear optical response of quantum systems. This general operator method for perturbation theory allows us to derive exact expressions for the first three electronic polarizabilities which require only a good estimate of the ground state wave function, makes no explicit reference to the underlying potential, and avoids complexities arising from excited state degeneracies. We apply this method to simple examples in 1D quantum mechanics for illustration, exploring the sensitivity of this method to variational solutions as well as poor numerical sampling. Finally, to the best of our knowledge, we extend the Dalgarno-Lewis method for for the first time to time-harmonic perturbations, allowing dispersion characteristics to be determined from the unperturbed ground state wave function alone.
Electron Transfer and Spin-Orbit Coupling: How Strong are Berry Force Effects In and Out of Equilibrium in the Presence of Nuclear Friction?
Creators: name: Chandran, Suraj
name: Wu, Yanze
name: Teh, Hung-Hsuan
name: Waldeck, David H.
name: Subotnik, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a spin-boson inspired model of electron transfer, where the diabatic coupling is given by a position-dependent phase, exp(iWx). We consider both equilibrium and nonequilibrium initial conditions. We show that, for this model, all equilibrium results are completely invariant to the sign of W(to infinite order). However, the nonequilibrium results do depend on the sign of W, suggesting that photo-induced electron transfer dynamics are meaningfully affected by Berry forces even in the presence of nuclear friction; furthermore, whenever there is spin-orbit coupling, electronic spin polarization can emerge (at least for some time).
TransCG: A Large-Scale Real-World Dataset for Transparent Object Depth Completion and a Grasping Baseline
Creators: name: Fang, Hongjie
name: Fang, Hao-Shu
name: Xu, Sheng
name: Lu, Cewu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Transparent objects are common in our daily life and frequently handled in the automated production line. Robust vision-based robotic grasping and manipulation for these objects would be beneficial for automation. However, the majority of current grasping algorithms would fail in this case since they heavily rely on the depth image, while ordinary depth sensors usually fail to produce accurate depth information for transparent objects owing to the reflection and refraction of light. In this work, we address this issue by contributing a large-scale real-world dataset for transparent object depth completion, which contains 57,715 RGB-D images from 130 different scenes. Our dataset is the first large-scale, real-world dataset that provides ground truth depth, surface normals, transparent masks in diverse and cluttered scenes. Cross-domain experiments show that our dataset is more general and can enable better generalization ability for models. Moreover, we propose an end-to-end depth completion network, which takes the RGB image and the inaccurate depth map as inputs and outputs a refined depth map. Experiments demonstrate superior efficacy, efficiency and robustness of our method over previous works, and it is able to process images of high resolutions under limited hardware resources. Real robot experiments show that our method can also be applied to novel transparent object grasping robustly. The full dataset and our method are publicly available at www.graspnet.net/transcg
description: project page: www.graspnet.net/transcg
Domain Adaptation for Underwater Image Enhancement via Content and Style Separation
Creators: name: Chen, Yu-Wei
name: Pei, Soo-Chang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Underwater image suffer from color cast, low contrast and hazy effect due to light absorption, refraction and scattering, which degraded the high-level application, e.g, object detection and object tracking. Recent learning-based methods demonstrate astonishing performance on underwater image enhancement, however, most of these works use synthetic pair data for supervised learning and ignore the domain gap to real-world data. To solve this problem, we propose a domain adaptation framework for underwater image enhancement via content and style separation, different from prior works of domain adaptation for underwater image enhancement, which target to minimize the latent discrepancy of synthesis and real-world data, we aim to separate encoded feature into content and style latent and distinguish style latent from different domains, i.e. synthesis, real-world underwater and clean domain, and process domain adaptation and image enhancement in latent space. By latent manipulation, our model provide a user interact interface to adjust different enhanced level for continuous change. Experiment on various public real-world underwater benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed framework is capable to perform domain adaptation for underwater image enhancement and outperform various state-of-the-art underwater image enhancement algorithms in quantity and quality. The model and source code will be available at https://github.com/fordevoted/UIESS
description: revised paper and add more description
Explicitly correlated electronic structure calculations with transcorrelated matrix product operators
Creators: name: Baiardi, Alberto
name: Lesiuk, Michał
name: Reiher, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we present the first implementation of the transcorrelated electronic Hamiltonian in an optimization procedure for matrix product states by the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm. In the transcorrelation ansatz, the electronic Hamiltonian is similarity-transformed with a Jastrow factor to describe the cusp in the wave function at electron-electron coalescence. As a result, the wave function is easier to approximate accurately with the conventional expansion in terms of one-particle basis functions and Slater determinants. The transcorrelated Hamiltonian in first quantization comprises up to three-body interactions, which we deal with in the standard way by applying robust density fitting to two- and three-body integrals entering the second-quantized representation of this Hamiltonian. The lack of hermiticity of the transcorrelated Hamiltonian is taken care of along the lines of the first work on transcorrelated DMRG [J. Chem. Phys. 153, 164115 (2020)] by encoding it as a matrix product operator and optimizing the corresponding ground state wave function with imaginary-time time-dependent DMRG. We demonstrate our quantum chemical transcorrelated DMRG approach at the example of several atoms and first-row diatomic molecules. We show that transcorrelation improves the convergence rate to the complete basis set limit in comparison to conventional DMRG. Moreover, we study extensions of our approach that aim at reducing the cost of handling the matrix product operator representation of the transcorrelated Hamiltonian.
description: 52 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables
RemixIT: Continual self-training of speech enhancement models via bootstrapped remixing
Creators: name: Tzinis, Efthymios
name: Adi, Yossi
name: Ithapu, Vamsi Krishna
name: Xu, Buye
name: Smaragdis, Paris
name: Kumar, Anurag
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We present RemixIT, a simple yet effective self-supervised method for training speech enhancement without the need of a single isolated in-domain speech nor a noise waveform. Our approach overcomes limitations of previous methods which make them dependent on clean in-domain target signals and thus, sensitive to any domain mismatch between train and test samples. RemixIT is based on a continuous self-training scheme in which a pre-trained teacher model on out-of-domain data infers estimated pseudo-target signals for in-domain mixtures. Then, by permuting the estimated clean and noise signals and remixing them together, we generate a new set of bootstrapped mixtures and corresponding pseudo-targets which are used to train the student network. Vice-versa, the teacher periodically refines its estimates using the updated parameters of the latest student models. Experimental results on multiple speech enhancement datasets and tasks not only show the superiority of our method over prior approaches but also showcase that RemixIT can be combined with any separation model as well as be applied towards any semi-supervised and unsupervised domain adaptation task. Our analysis, paired with empirical evidence, sheds light on the inside functioning of our self-training scheme wherein the student model keeps obtaining better performance while observing severely degraded pseudo-targets.
description: To appear in IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing
Dieterich, Michael: Psychotherapie - Seelsorge - Biblisch-therapeutische Seelsorge
Creators: name: Stoll, Claus-Dieter
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie
Year: 2025

description: 1822363969
description: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, V. 3 (1989): Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, Band 3
Sum of exit times in a series of two metastable states
Creators: name: Cirillo, Emilio N. M.
name: Nardi, Francesca R.
name: Spitoni, Cristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of non degenerate in energy metastable states forming a series in the framework of reversible finite state space Markov chains. We assume that starting from the state at higher energy the system necessarily visits the second one before reaching the stable state. In this framework, we give a sharp estimate of the exit time from the metastable state at higher energy and, on the proper exponential time scale, we prove an addition rule. As an application of the theory, we study the Blume-Capel model in the zero chemical potential case.
description: 41 pages, 4 figures
A Dual-Based Linear Programming formulation of Optimal Control: Fuel-Optimal Rendezvous Guidance and Boresight Pointing Applications
Creators: name:  SERGIO CUEVAS DEL VALLE
name:   PABLO SOLANO-LOPEZ
name:   HODEI URRUTXUA
Publisher: name: Proceedings of the Aerospace Europe Conference - EUCASS - CEAS - 2023
Year: 2023
Subjects: FUEL-OPTIMAL CONTROL
INDIRECT OPTIMIZATION
ADMM
MPC

description: This work develops a new cost-efficient solver to formulate fuel-optimal control problems: in particular, Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers and Model Predictive Control are used to close the gap between L1 and L2 optimization in classical astrodynamics problems. The combination of these two algorithms allows to render general NLP fuel-optimal problems solvable by Linear Programming techniques independently of the fuel-consumption proxy used. Moreover, their low footprint makes them a solid candidate for real-time, embedded applications. These novel techniques are applied to several rendezvous and orbital transfer test cases in both the Keplerian and the Circular Restricted Three-Body Problems, together with impulsive attitude slews.
A European study investigating adult numeracy education: Identifying challenges and possible responses
Creators: name: O'Meara, Niamh
name: O'Sullivan, Kathy
name: Hoogland, Kees
name: Diez-Palomar, Javier
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education

description: Numeracy is a critical competency needed by adults to navigate their way through tasks in their personal and professional lives. Hence, it is critical that efforts are made to identify and address challenges that prevent adults from developing the numeracy skills needed to engage in society. In this research we identify the challenges facing adult numeracy eduction across Europe. A survey, which sought to investigate the main challenges faced by adult educators and policy-makers when delivering numeracy programmes, was distributed to leading figures in adult numeracy education in EU states. Twelve countries responded and challenges identified related to the lack of a standardised definition of numeracy, the lack of a standardised framework to support adult numeracy education and the need for professional development for adult numeracy tutors. In this paper we look at how these challenges manifest themselves in different jurisdictions and offer suggestions for overcoming these challenges in future.
Theoretical Analysis of Deep Neural Networks in Physical Layer Communication
Creators: name: Liu, Jun
name: Zhao, Haitao
name: Ma, Dongtang
name: Mei, Kai
name: Wei, Jibo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, deep neural network (DNN)-based physical layer communication techniques have attracted considerable interest. Although their potential to enhance communication systems and superb performance have been validated by simulation experiments, little attention has been paid to the theoretical analysis. Specifically, most studies in the physical layer have tended to focus on the application of DNN models to wireless communication problems but not to theoretically understand how does a DNN work in a communication system. In this paper, we aim to quantitatively analyze why DNNs can achieve comparable performance in the physical layer comparing with traditional techniques, and also drive their cost in terms of computational complexity. To achieve this goal, we first analyze the encoding performance of a DNN-based transmitter and compare it to a traditional one. And then, we theoretically analyze the performance of DNN-based estimator and compare it with traditional estimators. Third, we investigate and validate how information is flown in a DNN-based communication system under the information theoretic concepts. Our analysis develops a concise way to open the "black box" of DNNs in physical layer communication, which can be applied to support the design of DNN-based intelligent communication techniques and help to provide explainable performance assessment.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures, has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Communications. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2106.01124
Dark energy as a manifestation of nontrivial arithmetic
Creators: name: Czachor, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division), as well as the calculus they imply, are non-unique. The examples of four-dimensional spaces, $\mathbb{R}_+^4$ and $(-L/2,L/2)^4$, are considered where different types of arithmetic and calculus coexist simultaneously. In all the examples there exists a non-Diophantine arithmetic that makes the space globally Minkowskian, and thus the laws of physics are formulated in terms of the corresponding calculus. However, when one switches to the `natural' Diophantine arithmetic and calculus, the Minkowskian character of the space is lost and what one effectively obtains is a Lorentzian manifold. I discuss in more detail the problem of electromagnetic fields produced by a pointlike charge. The solution has the standard form when expressed in terms of the non-Diophantine formalism. When the `natural' formalsm is used, the same solution looks as if the fields were created by a charge located in an expanding universe, with nontrivially accelerating expansion. The effect is clearly visible also in solutions of the Friedman equation with vanishing cosmological constant. All of this suggests that phenomena attributed to dark energy may be a manifestation of a miss-match between the arithmetic employed in mathematical modeling, and the one occurring at the level of natural laws. Arithmetic is as physical as geometry.
description: On 7 Feb 2017 published online in Int.J.Theor.Phys
Statistical mechanical models of integer factorization problem
Creators: name: Nakajima, Chihiro. H.
name: Ohzeki, Masayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate the integer factorization problem via a formulation of the searching problem for the ground state of a statistical mechanical Hamiltonian. The first passage time required to find a correct divisor of a composite number signifies the exponential computational hard- ness. Analysis of the density of states of two macroscopic quantities, i.e. the energy and the Hamming distance from the correct solutions, leads to the conclusion that the ground state (the correct solution) is completely isolated from the other low energy states, with the distance being proportional to the system size. In addition, the profile of the microcanonical entropy of the model has two peculiar features which are each related to two dramatic changes in the energy region sampled via Monte Carlo simulation or simulated annealing. Hence, we find a peculiar first-order phase transition in our model.
description: 21 pages, 14 figures
A generalization of unimodular gravity with vacuum-matter energy exchange
Creators: name: Klinkhamer, F. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An effective theory of gravity in the infrared is proposed, which involves the determinant of the metric relative to the determinant of a prior metric taken to be that of Minkowski spacetime. This effective theory can be interpreted as a generalization of unimodular gravity. In a cosmological context with ultrarelativistic or cold matter, the resulting field equations have only one solution, empty Minkowski spacetime (selected by the prior metric of the theory). The introduction of energy exchange between vacuum and matter gives rise to nonstatic cosmic solutions. It is found that Minkowski spacetime (from the prior metric) appears as an attractor of the dynamic equations. A further result is that energy-momentum conservation of any localized material system is violated in a nonconstant gravitational background. The impact for experiment appears, however, negligible if the vacuum-energy mass scale is of order meV.
description: 13 pages. v5: published version with expanded Refs. [5,12,14,16]
Guidelines for the annotation of evaluation datasets from art-historical texts for Artwork-centric Knowledge Extraction (Art-KE)
Creators: name: Santini, Cristian
name: Bruns, Oleksandra
name: Posthumus, Etienne
name: Tan, Mary Ann
name: Tietz, Tabea
name: Sack, Harald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: art history
natural language processing
knowledge extraction
annotation guidelines
digital humanities

description: This document is the first version of a set of guidelines to annotate art-historical text for a newly proposed Knowledge Extraction (KE) challenge, namely Art-KE. This version contains the guidelines to annotate art-historical texts for two tasks: 1) Sequence labelling using artistic concepts, 2) Entity resolution using Wikidata, Getty's Art and Architecture Thesaurus and Iconclass.
Signature of topological phases in Zitterbewegung
Creators: name: Ghosh, Sumit
name: Manchon, Aurelien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the {\em Zitterbewegung} effect on an infinite two dimensional sheet with honeycomb lattice. By tuning the perpendicular electric field and the magnetization of the sheet, it can enter different topological phases. We have shown that the phase and magnitude of Zitterbewegung effect, i.e. the jittering motion of relativistic particles, correlates with the various topological phases. The topological phase diagram can be reconstructed by analyzing these features. Our findings are applicable to materials like silicene, germanene, stanene etc.
description: LaTex, 6 pages, 6 figures
Spectral Lag Transition of 32 Fermi Gamma-ray Bursts and their Application on Constraining Lorentz Invariance Violation
Creators: name: Liu, Zi-Ke
name: Zhang, Bin-Bin
name: Meng, Yan-Zhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The positive-to-negative transition of spectral lag is an uncommon feature reported in a small number of GRBs. An application of such a feature has been made to constrain the critical quantum gravity energy ($E_{\rm QG}$) of the light photons under the hypothesis that the Lorentz invariance might be violated. Motivated by previous case studies, this paper systematically examined the up-to-date Fermi/GBM GRB sample for the lag transition feature to establish a comprehensive physical limit on the Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV). This search resulted in 32 GRBs with redshift available, which exhibit the lag-transition phenomenon. We first fit each of the lag-E relations of the 32 GRBs with an empirical smoothly broken power law function, and found that the lag transition occurs typically at about 400 keV. We then implemented the LIV effect into the fit, which enabled us to constrain the lower limit of the linear and quadratic values of $E_{\rm QG}$, which are typically distributed at $1.5\times 10^{14}$ GeV and $8\times 10^{5}$ GeV, respectively.
description: 12 pages, 3 tables, 39 figures