cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Benefits of Uncertain Instruction
Creators: Lamnina, Marianna
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Educational psychology
Teaching--Methodology
Uncertainty
Curiosity
Learning

description: This dissertation describes two studies that empirically test instructional methods designed to promote learning, transfer, and curiosity in the context of real-world science classrooms. In the first study, I compared an inherently uncertain form of instruction to an inherently certain one, and in the second study, I compared different levels of uncertainty within the same inherently uncertain instruction type. The first study demonstrates that, compared to an inherently certain form of instruction (tell-then-practice), the inherently uncertain form of instruction (Invention) produced greater curiosity and transfer, which may reflect deeper learning. While this study showed promising results, it revealed additional questions, which were answered by the second study. Specifically, because there were differences other than uncertainty between conditions, I could not fully conclude that uncertainty is what caused group differences in curiosity or transfer. To confirm that it is, in fact, uncertainty influencing curiosity and transfer, the second study examined learning activities that were more similar to one another, but still differed in uncertainty. Specifically, I compared two Invention conditions, in which one group of students was given more information prior to invention than the other. This manipulation also showed that higher uncertainty led to greater curiosity and transfer. The research in this dissertation also examines how uncertainty influences affect and whether state-level curiosity influences learning and transfer. Further, it shows how curiosity changes over time and demonstrates a new way to behaviorally and qualitatively measure curiosity.
Zero-Shot Autonomous Vehicle Policy Transfer: From Simulation to Real-World via Adversarial Learning
Creators: name: Chalaki, Behdad
name: Beaver, Logan E.
name: Remer, Ben
name: Jang, Kathy
name: Vinitsky, Eugene
name: Bayen, Alexandre M.
name: Malikopoulos, Andreas A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this article, we demonstrate a zero-shot transfer of an autonomous driving policy from simulation to University of Delaware's scaled smart city with adversarial multi-agent reinforcement learning, in which an adversary attempts to decrease the net reward by perturbing both the inputs and outputs of the autonomous vehicles during training. We train the autonomous vehicles to coordinate with each other while crossing a roundabout in the presence of an adversary in simulation. The adversarial policy successfully reproduces the simulated behavior and incidentally outperforms, in terms of travel time, both a human-driving baseline and adversary-free trained policies. Finally, we demonstrate that the addition of adversarial training considerably improves the performance \eat{stability and robustness} of the policies after transfer to the real world compared to Gaussian noise injection.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Toric Prevarieties and Subtorus Actions
Creators: name: A'Campo-Neuen, A.
name: Hausen, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14L30; 14M25

description: Dropping separatedness in the definition of a toric variety, one obtains the more general notion of a toric prevariety. Toric prevarieties occur as ambient spaces in algebraic geometry and moreover they appear naturally as intermediate steps in quotient constructions. We first provide a complete description of the category of toric prevarieties in terms of convex-geometrical data, so-called systems of fans. In a second part, we consider actions of subtori H of the big torus of a toric prevariety X and investigate quotients for such actions. Using our language of systems of fans, we characterize existence of good prequotients for the action of H on X. Moreover, we show by means of an algorithmic construction that there always exists a toric prequotient for the action of H on X, that means an H-invariant toric morphism p from X to a toric prevariety Y such that every H-invariant toric morphism from X to a toric prevariety factors through p. Finally, generalizing a result of D. Cox, we prove that every toric prevariety occurs as the image of a categorical prequotient of an open toric subvariety of some complex affine space.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures, LaTeX2e+pstex
Helichrysum formosissimum var. formosissimum Sch. Bip. var. formosissimum
Creators: name: Zhou, Ya-Dong
name: Mwachala, Geoffrey
name: Hu, Guang-Wan
name: Wang, Qing-Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asterales
Asteraceae
Helichrysum
Helichrysum formosissimum
Helichrysum formosissimum sch.bip. var. formosissimum

description: Helichrysum formosissimum Sch.Bip. var. formosissimum  —
Habit: Herb.
Habitat: LMWF, LMDF, BZ, UMF, HZ, AZ, NZ; 1 900–4 600 m. Distribution: II.
 Voucher: Chogoria Track, Alt. 2 523 m, 27 Jan. 2015, SAJIT 002916 (HIB).
References: Bussmann (1993, 1994), Beentje (2002), Abdi (2013), Agnew (2013).
description: Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464
The Beta Spectrum of He⁶: Limits on the Axial Vector and Pseudoscalar Coupling Constants of Beta Decay
Creators: Schwarzschild, Arthur Z.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1957
Subjects: Physics
Helium--Isotopes
Helium--Isotopes--Spectra
Spectrum analysis
Beta decay

description: We have performed a careful measurement of the shape of the beta spectrum of He⁶. A detailed study of the phenomenon of electron scattering in our thin lens magnetic spectrometer enabled us to interpret the spectrum shape from the end point at Wₒ = 3.50 ± .02 Mev. down to 1/14 Wₒ = 0.250 Mev. The experimental shape has been compared with the theoretically predicted shape for allowed spectra. The influence of the pseudoscalar interaction on the shape of the He⁶ spectrum has also been considered. From these measurements we have been able to set limits on the Fierz interference in the Gamow-Teller interaction as well as on the magnitude of the pseudoscalar coupling constants. These limits have been interpreted in terms of the relative magnitudes of the axial vector, pseudoscalar, and tensor coupling constants using the two component theory of the neutrino and assuming that the complete beta decay Hamiltonian proposed by Lee and Yang is or is not invariant under time reversal. We have also calculated the effect on the spectrum shape of the production of inner Bremsstrahlung in beta decay and have shown this effect to be at the limit of experimental detectability.
Additional file 1 of Genetic mapping high protein content QTL from soybean ‘Nanxiadou 25’ and candidate gene analysis
Creators: name: Wang, Jia
name: Mao, Lin
name: Zeng, Zhaoqiong
name: Yu, Xiaobo
name: Lian, Jianqiu
name: Feng, Jun
name: Yang, Wenying
name: An, Jiangang
name: Wu, Haiying
name: Zhang, Mingrong
name: Liu, Liezhao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Descriptive statistics, broad sense heritability and F-value from ANOVA for SPC in the soybean RIL and F2 population
Courant bracket found out to be T-dual to Roytenberg bracket
Creators: name: Ivanišević, Ilija
name: Davidović, Ljubica
name: Sazdović, Branislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bosonic string moving in coordinate dependent background fields is considered. We calculate the generalized currents Poisson bracket algebra and find that it gives rise to the Courant bracket. Furthermore, we consider the T-dual theory and obtain the dual generalized currents Poisson bracket algebra. It gives rise to the Roytenberg bracket. We conclude that the Courant bracket twisted with the Kalb-Ramond field is T-dual to the Roytenberg bracket, with $Q$ and $R$ flux.
Impact of SUSY-QCD corrections on top quark decay distributions
Creators: name: Brandenburg, A.
name: Maniatis, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the supersymmetric QCD corrections to the decay distribution of polarized top quarks for the semileptonic decay mode $t(\uparrow)\to b l^+ν_l$. As a byproduct, we reinvestigate the SUSY-QCD corrections to the total decay width $Γ(t\to W^+b)$ and resolve a discrepancy between two previous results in the literature.
description: 11 pages, 6 ps figures
The Berliner Phonogramm-Archiv and the Emergence of Comparative Musicology
Creators: Cairns, Elliott Scott
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Music history
Musicology
Ethnomusicology
Phonograph--Collectors and collecting

description: This dissertation examines the early history of the Berliner Phonogramm-Archiv (Berlin Phonogram Archive) and its role in the institutionalization of comparative musicology. The Berliner Phonogramm-Archiv was established in 1900 by psychologist Carl Stumpf in order to collect and preserve the phonographic recordings of non-European musics that would serve as the primary research materials for the then nascent discipline of comparative musicology. I situate the formation of the Phonogramm-Archiv and the emergence of comparative musicology within the historical contexts of the German cultural sciences and colonialism, and argue that both archive and discipline were informed as much by this immediate intellectual and political background as they were by the arrival of sound recording technologies in Germany. I explore how the other cultural sciences, primarily anthropology and ethnology, served as a model for comparative musicology’s methodological and epistemological framework, as well as for the strategies employed for expanding the Phonogramm-Archiv’s collection. As a cultural science, comparative musicology was governed by the tenet of scientific objectivity, and in sound recording, Stumpf found a means with which it was possible to engage with non-European musics objectively. Yet the scientific method also required the comparison of many different examples in order to determine laws through induction, which necessitated the collection of recordings of as many different musics as possible. In this dissertation, I demonstrate how the Phonogramm-Archiv’s mission to amass recordings and the comparative musicological project these recordings facilitated were both enabled by and dependent on the German colonial apparatus.
Helichrysum formosissimum var. guilelmii Mesfin
Creators: name: Zhou, Ya-Dong
name: Mwachala, Geoffrey
name: Hu, Guang-Wan
name: Wang, Qing-Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asterales
Asteraceae
Helichrysum
Helichrysum formosissimum
Helichrysum formosissimum var. guilelmii (engl.) mesfin

description: Helichrysum formosissimum var. guilelmii (Engl.) Mesfin  —
Habit: Herb.
Habitat: LMDF, BZ, UMF, HZ, AZ; 2 400–4 200 m. Distribution: II.
 Voucher: Naro Moru Track, Alt. 2 800 m, 17 Jan. 1983, Hiepko & Hiepko 2694 (EA).
References: Bussmann (1993, 1994), Beentje (1994, 2000).
description: Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464
Additional file 1: of Factors associated with health literacy in rural areas of Central China: structural equation model
Creators: name: Yaofei Xie
name: Mengdi Ma
name: YaâNan Zhang
name: Xiaodong Tan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Health Literacy Survey Part. This additional file is the health literacy survey part of the questionnaire, it includes four types, a total of fifty six questions about health literacy. And these questions are used to test the level of health knowledge, health behavior and health skills of the participant. (DOC 98 kb)
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON EFFECT OF ANODIZING THE PISTON CROWN AND PISTON SKIRT ON 4-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE
Creators: name: Dr. A.RENUKA PRASAD
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Compression ignition engine was invented by Rudolf Diesel in1891 which is commonly known as diesel engine today. The operating cycle of the diesel engine is Diesel cycle which is a modified Otto cycle and also known as constant pressure cycle. The diesel engine operates on a high compression ratio, typically greater than 14:1. This higher compression ratio is in order to bringthe air temperature to a level where auto ignition is promoted when the fuel is injected into the cylinder at the end of the compression stroke. Diesel engines are usually classified into two categories; these are direct and indirect injection engines. Direct injection means the fuel is directly injected into the combustion chamber. The fuel is injected under high pressure through a nozzle with either single or multiple tiny orifices. This results the fuel to issue as very fine spray making it easier to ignite and burn. But in the indirectinjection engines, the fuel is injected into an auxiliary chamber that is adjacent and connected to the main combustion chamber. Most combustion start sooner in this chamber and burning gases exit the chamber with high velocities giving a greater ability for mixing of fuel and air. Now a day’s diesel engines are used in almost all fields due to its high power and low operating cost.
The Best Self Visualization Method: Clinical Implications and Physiological Correlates
Creators: Schussel, Lorne
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Clinical psychology
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Visualization
subject: Meditation
subject: Psychology, Pathological

description: The focus of this study was to evaluate the psychological and psychosocial factors of a novel and composite meditation–visualization practice known as the best self visualization method (BSM).  The researcher adapted and modified the BSM to work within a brief 2-week, two-session intervention period.  The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects on psychopathology (GAD, PHQ), resilience (PHQ, GAD, Gratitude, Compassion, DSES, Trust, Personal Growth, Mindfulness, and Social Connection), and bio-physiological changes related to EEG spectral power, coherence, and heart rate variability (BPM-Coherence).  A total of 66 participants were randomized into active meditation control (n = 35) and BSM (n = 31) intervention groups.  Data analysis revealed significant effects for GAD in favor of BSM psychopathology attenuation (U = 316.5, z = -1.62, p ≤ .05) as well as for the PHQ (U = 321.5, z = -1.54, p = .06).  Individual t tests revealed a much more robust effect.  There were no significant differences for the other scales measured except for interpersonal trust, which had a stronger effect for the BSM group, t(23) = -1.90, p = .04.  For EEG and HRV data, results showed the BSM elicited significant changes in parietal gamma spectral power (F[2, 15] = 6.34, p = .010), parietal alpha blocking (F[1, 15] = 5.14, p = .039), and heart rate coherence achievement (t[28] = 1.97, p = .03), as well as demonstrated a heart rate increase trend.  Paradoxically, the BSM’s bio-physiological profile was more “activating” when compared to the control, indicating psychopathology attenuation was not related necessarily to a relaxation response.
title: Begrenzung von Kurzschlußströmen mit Hochtemperatur-Supraleitern : Neue Perspektiven für elektrische Energieversorgungsnetze
Creators: name: Lindmayer, Manfred
Publisher: name: Goltze
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Jahrbuch der BWG
subject: 53

description: Seit der Entdeckung der Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter (HTSL) vor einem Jahrzehnt finden weltweit intensive Forschungs- und Entwicklungsarbeiten mit dieser neuen Werkstoffgruppe statt. Sie lassen sich unterteilen in
- Untersuchung der physikalischen Grundlagen
- Entwicklung von HTSL-Werkstoffen und Herstellverfahren
- Untersuchung und Entwicklung neuer Anwendungen mit HTSL
In der elektrischen Energietechnik ist die Verlustfreiheit der Supraleiter von besonderem Interesse. Im Gegensatz zu den bereits lange bekannten Tieftemperatur-Supraleitern, die zur Kühlung Flüssig-Helium benötigen, kommen Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter, deren kritische Temperaturen derzeit bei 90 bis 110 K liegen, mit Flüssig-Stickstoff (Siedepunkt 77 K) aus, der wesentlich niedrigere Kosten verursacht und gut handhabbar ist.
Abhängig vom Anwendungsfall bieten HTSL zudem technische Vorteile, z.B. höhere Wärmekapazität. Man sieht deshalb die künftige Anwendung von Hochtemperatur-Supraleitern in der elektrischen Energietechnik als sehr chancenreich an und arbeitet konkret an der Entwicklung folgender Komponenten:
- Neuartige supraleitende Energiespeicherspulen ("SMES")
- Elektrische Maschinen
- Transformatoren
- Kabel
- Strombegrenzer
Notiocoelotes palinitropus
Creators: name: Liu, Jie
name: Li, Shuqiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Agelenidae
Notiocoelotes
Notiocoelotes palinitropus

description: Notiocoelotes palinitropus (Zhu & Wang, 1994) (Figs 8–9 and 16) Coelotes palinitropus Zhu and Wang 1994: 42, figs 19–21 (holotype male, 1 male paratype from Mt. Jianfengling, Hainan, China, in the former Norman Bethune University of Medical Sciences, Changchun, China (NBUMS), not examined); Song et al. 1999: 377, figs 220O, 224C; Xu and Li 2006: 337, figs 8–13, 35–37. Notiocoelotes palinitropus (Zhu & Wang, 1994): Wang, Xu & Li, 2008: 9, figs 17–29, 44. Other material examined: 2 females (IZCAS), Mt. Bawangling Nature Reserve (19.1ºN, 109.2ºE, Alt: 825m), Changjiang County, Hainan Island, China, 24 July 2007, Shuqiang Li, Chunxia Wang, Linghui Lin and Jianjun Xu leg.; 1 female (IZCAS), Mt. Jianfengling Nature Reserve (18.7ºN, 108.9ºE, Alt: 839m), Ledong County, Hainan Island, China, 18 July 2007, Shuqiang Li, Chunxia Wang, Linghui Lin and Jianjun Xu leg. Distribution: Hainan Island (Changjiang, Ledong and Baoting County) (Fig. 16).
description: Published as part of Liu, Jie & Li, Shuqiang, 2010, The Notiocoelotes spiders (Araneae: Agelenidae) from Hainan Island, China, pp. 30-48 in Zootaxa 2561 (1) on pages 39-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2561.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5302517
description: {"references": ["Zhu, C. D. & Wang, J. F. (1994) Seven new species of the genus Coelotes from China (Araneae: Agelenidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 19, 37 - 45.", "Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (1999) The Spiders of China. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp.", "Xu, X. & Li, S. Q. (2006) Redescription on five coelotine spider species from China (Araneae: Amaurobiidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 31, 335 - 345.", "Wang, X. P., Xu, X. & Li, S. Q. (2008) Notiocoelotes, a new genus of the spider subfamily Coelotinae from Southeast Asia (Araneae, Amaurobiidae). Zootaxa, 1853, 1 - 17."]}
Localized solitons of hyperbolic su(N) AKNS system
Creators: name: Zhou, Zixiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the nonlinear constraint and Darboux transformation methods, the (m_1,...,m_N) localized solitons of the hyperbolic su(N) AKNS system are constructed. Here "hyperbolic su(N)" means that the first part of the Lax pair is F_y=JF_x+U(x,y,t)F where J is constant real diagonal and U^*=-U. When different solitons move in different velocities, each component U_{ij} of the solution U has at most m_i m_j peaks as t tends to infinity. This corresponds to the (M,N) solitons for the DSI equation. When all the solitons move in the same velocity, U_{ij} still has at most m_i m_j peaks if the phase differences are large enough.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Inverse Problems
Additional file 1 of Genome-wide identification and function analysis of HMAD gene family in cotton (Gossypium spp.)
Creators: name: Wang, Qinqin
name: Lu, Xuke
name: Chen, Xiugui
name: Zhao, Lanjie
name: Han, Mingge
name: Wang, Shuai
name: Zhang, Yuexin
name: Fan, Yapeng
name: Ye, Wuwei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1 : Fig. S1. Expression profiles of qRT-PCR of HMAD genes between control and treatment with 300 mM Na2SO4 among root, stem and leaf. The expression patterns of 31 HMAD genes in Zhong 9835 between control and treatment. qRT-PCR was conducted to analyze the relative expression of 31 HMAD genes in root, stem, leaf. R represents root, S represents stem, L represents leaf. CK_R represents root with control, SS_R represents root with treatment. CK_S represents stem with control, SS_S represents stem with treatment. CK_L represents leaf with control, SS_L represents leaf with treatment.
NOQONUNIY MIGRATSIYAGA QARSHI KURASHISHNING TASHKILIY-HUQUQIY  ASOSLARINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
Creators: name: Maxsitaliyev, Sherzodjon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Mazkur maqolada noqonuniy migratsiyasiga qarshi kurashishning tashkiliy-huquqiy asoslarini takomillashtirish ilmiy asoslantirilgan holda tahlil qilingan. Noqonuniy migratsiyaga qarshi kurashishning ahamiyati va dolzarbligi, shu bilan bir qatorda, noqonuniy migratsiyaga qarshi kurashish, migratsiyani huquqiy jihatdan tartibga solishni takomillashtirish yuzasidan xorijiy mamlakatlar tajribasi bildirilgan fikr-mulohazalar hamda mavjud muommolarni bartaraf etish yuzasidan takliflar bayon etilgan.
Additional file 1: of Why do patients follow physiciansâ advice? The influence of patientsâ regulatory focus on adherence: an empirical study in China
Creators: name: Runtong Zhang
name: Xinyi Lu
name: Wu, Wen
name: Xiaopu Shang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Table S1. Measurement Instrument. (DOCX 19 kb)
The Better Way: Transit Service and Demand in Metropolitan Toronto, 1953-1990
Creators: English, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: City planning
Transportation--Planning
History
Bus lines--Ridership
Bus lines--Planning
Local transit--Planning
Local transit--Ridership

description: This dissertation contends that the decision of the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto and the Toronto Transit Commission to introduce a grid of frequent, all-day bus service on arterial roads in newly built, low-density suburban neighbourhoods is responsible for Toronto’s unique ability to attract suburbanites to transit. Toronto’s approach is in stark contrast with the that followed in most North American urban regions, where auto-oriented suburban built form is considered to make transit unviable, and therefore transit service outside the urban core is typically very limited. The Ontario government’s establishment of metropolitan government in the Toronto region in 1953, at a time when transit remained a popular mode of transportation, encouraged and empowered suburban politicians to pressure the TTC to expand service to their constituencies. In response, the TTC developed a plan for suburban bus service that succeeded, in terms of ridership and financial performance, far beyond its expectations. This success, in turn, encouraged further service improvements and government support for transit, producing a virtuous spiral of service increases, ridership gains, and government funding increases, which stood in sharp contrast with the vicious spiral of ridership declines, service cuts, and fare hikes that plagued transit systems in most North American cities. This dissertation is the product of archival research in Canada and the United States, as well as a series of interviews with policymakers, planners, and activists who were engaged during the period. The Toronto model offers valuable lessons for transportation planning across North America. It demonstrates that it is possible to achieve high transit mode share, even in areas that are not designed as explicitly transit-oriented communities. This means that it is possible to shift trips away from the automobile without needing to entirely rebuild the suburban neighbourhoods where most North Americans reside, an unachievable goal on the timeline required to avert catastrophic climate change. It also demonstrates that the benefits of large capital investments in rapid transit and rail projects will only be maximized when paired with operating funding to ensure that the new infrastructure is embedded in a broader network of frequent local transit service.
Additional file 2: of Understanding the behavioural determinants of opioid prescribing among family physicians: a qualitative study
Creators: name: L. Desveaux
name: M. Saragosa
name: N. Kithulegoda
name: N. Ivers
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Overview of theoretical domains framework and exemplary quotes. Definitions of relevant TDF domains and exemplar quotes from across participant interviews. (PDF 83 kb)
Cosmological Perturbations seeded by Topological Defects: Setting the Initial Conditions
Creators: name: Deruelle, Nathalie
name: Langlois, David
name: Uzan, Jean-Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a perfectly homogeneous and isotropic universe which undergoes a sudden phase transition. If the transition produces topological defects, which we assume, perturbations in the geometry and the cosmic fluid also suddenly appear. We apply the standard general relativistic junction conditions to match the pre- and post- transition eras and thus set the initial conditions for the perturbations. We solve their evolution equations analytically in the case when the defects act as a coherent source and their density scales like the background density. We show that isocurvature as well as adiabatic perturbations are created, in a ratio which is independent of the detailed properties of the defects. We compare our result to the initial conditions currently used in the literature and show how the cosmic fluid naturally "compensates" for the presence of the defects.
description: 26 pages, TeX, no figure, published in Phys. Rev. D; correction of the isocurvature perturbation and of a few typos
The Biomechanics of Pregnancy:  Simulating Pregnancy Mechanics, Evaluating Preterm Delivery Interventions,  and Measuring in-vivo Mechanical Properties
Creators: Fernandez, Michael John
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Premature labor
subject: Cervix uteri
subject: Biomechanics
subject: Human mechanics
subject: Premature infants
subject: Mechanical engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Preterm birth is a public health problem affecting almost 15 million newborns each year, with almost one million cases annually being fatal. Despite many decades of research, identifying high-risk pregnancies remains difficult. Even with the therapies currently available to clinicians, 95% of preterm births are seemingly intractable. We see a great opportunity for engineers to collaborate with clinicians to help reduce the adverse health impact of this phenomenon. This work is a multi-faceted contribution to the study of the biomechanical problem of preterm birth. We portray the successful, full-term, pregnancy as a delicate balance of organ geometry, tissue deformation behavior, and the physical interaction between the uterus, cervix, and fetal membranes. The cervix is our focus, as its preterm ripening and dilation are the final pathway to premature delivery. We consider a selection of geometric and material factors, studying their impact on the loading that occurs in the cervix. We also study the mechanical implications of the use of a cervical pessary on the mechanical environment of pregnancy. Our mechanical analyses use a custom parameterized model of the pregnant anatomy, coupled with Finite Element Analysis techniques, to allow for rapid model development. In addition, we present a push towards the in-vivo measurement of cervical material properties by way of a phantom study using modern MRI techniques.
Optimizing Voluntary Deforestation Policy in the Face of Adverse Selection and Costly Transfers
Creators: name: Benthem, Arthur Van
name: Kerr, Suzi
name: Benthem, Arthur Van
name: Kerr, Suzi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Voluntary opt-in
subject: adverse selection
subject: deforestation
subject: offsets
subject: emissions trading
subject: REDD

description: As part of international climate change policy, voluntary opt-in programs to reduce emissions in unregulated sectors or countries have spurred considerable discussion. Since any regulator will make errors in predicting baselines, adverse selection will reduce efficiency since participants will self-select into the program. In contrast, pure subsidies lead to full participation but require large financial transfers; this is a particular challenge across countries. A global social planner facing costless transfers would choose such a subsidy to maximize efficiency. However, any actual policy needs to be individually rational for both the buying (industrialized) and selling (developing) country. We present a simple model to analyze this trade-off between adverse selection and infra-marginal transfers. The model leads to the following findings. First, extending the scale of voluntary programs both improves efficiency and reduces transfers. Second, the set of individually rational and Pareto efficient policies typically features a combination of credit discounting and stringent assigned baselines which reduce efficiency. Third, if the industrialized countries can be persuaded to be more generous, the feasible policy set can come close to the globally efficient policy to avoid deforestation.
Helichrysum forskahlii var. forskahlii Hilliard & B. L. Burtt var. forskahlii
Creators: name: Zhou, Ya-Dong
name: Mwachala, Geoffrey
name: Hu, Guang-Wan
name: Wang, Qing-Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asterales
Asteraceae
Helichrysum
Helichrysum forskahlii
Helichrysum forskahlii (j.f.gmel.) hilliard & b.l.burtt var. forskahlii

description: Helichrysum forskahlii (J.F.Gmel.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt var. forskahlii  —
Habit: Herb.
Habitat: LMWF, LMDF, BZ, UMF, HZ, AZ; up to 4 000 m. Distribution: I.
 Voucher: Sirimon Track, Alt. 3 351 m, 8 Jan. 2014, SAJIT 001619 (HIB).
 References: Rehder et al. (1981), Young & Peacock (1985), Bussmann (1993), Bussmann & Beck (1995a), Beentje (2002), Adbi (2013), Agnew (2013).
description: Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464
Seismic Assessments for Decharacterization Projects in Brazil
Creators: name: Ccotohuanca, José
name: Viola, Raphael
name: Dias, Enzo Silva
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: In the last eight years, Brazil has recorded two significant tailings storage facilities (TSF) failure events: the rupture of Fundão TSF in Mariana (2015) and the TSF I in Brumadinho (2019). As a result of these events, new laws were proposed initially in the State of Minas Gerais, and later expanded to all of Brazil, introducing the concept of “decharacterization,” which involves transitioning from an existing upstreamconstructed tailings dam to a structure that no longer serves as a tailings containment facility. Due to the seismological context, seismic studies were not commonly practiced in Brazil. However, with the introduction of decharacterization projects, detailed studies around seismicity are demanded, now requiring several seismic assessments, including site-specific seismic hazard studies, site response analysis, seismic-induced liquefaction, and seismic slope stability evaluations. This paper will discuss experiences gained in seismic-related assessment for decharacterization projects in Brazil, focusing on the main limitations of these studies in the Brazilian context.
State transfer in an inhomogeneous spin chain
Creators: name: Iversen, Michael
name: Barfknecht, Rafael Emilio
name: Foerster, Angela
name: Zinner, Nikolaj Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analytical study of state transfer in a spin chain in the presence of an inhomogeneous set of exchange coefficients. We initially consider the homogeneous case and describe a method to obtain the energy spectrum of the system. Under certain conditions, the state transfer time can be predicted by taking into account the energy gap between the two lowest energy eigenstates. We then generalize our approach to the inhomogeneous case and show that including a barrier in the chain can lead to a reduction of the state transfer time. We additionally extend our analysis to the case of multiple barriers. These advances may contribute to the understanding of spin transfer dynamics in long chains where connections between neighboring spins can be manipulated.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures
Quark structure of hadrons and high energy collisions
Creators: name: Nyiri, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There exists a large field for phenomenological models in which the knowledge of the structure of hadrons in terms of QCD constituents obtained from deep inelastic scatterings is related to their behaviour in soft processes. One of the simplest and oldest models is the additive quark model, with the rules of quark statistics following from it. Originally, the relations of quark combinatorics for hadron yields were based on the qualitative description of a multiparticle production process as a process of the production of non-correlated quarks and antiquarks followed by their subsequent fusion into hadrons [20],[21]. As a large amount of new precision measurements appear, and, on the other hand, our understanding of QCD becomes deeper, a new level of understanding of quark-gluon physics in the region of soft interactions forces us to review the relations of quark combinatorics. To do so, an especially good possibility is provided by the experimental data for hadronic Z^0 decays which allow us to check the relations of quark combinatorics for a new type of processes: quark jets in the decays Z^0 -> q\bar{q} -> hadrons [32].
description: 55 pages, 23 figures
The Bleaching Carceral: Police, Native and Location in Nairobi, 1844-1906
Creators: Marshall, Yannick
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: History
African Americans
Colonization
White supremacy movements

description: This dissertation provides a history of the white supremacist police-state in Nairobi beginning with the excursions of European-led caravans and ending with the institutionalizing of the municipal entity known as the township of Nairobi. It argues that the town was not an entity in which white supremacist and colonial violence occurred but that it was itself an effect white supremacy. It presents the invasion of whiteness into the Nairobi region as an invasion of a new type of power: white supremacist police power. Police power is reflected in the flogging of indigenous peoples by explorers, settlers and administrators and the emergence of new institutions including the constabulary, the caravan, the “native location” and the punitive expedition. It traces the transformation of the figure of the indigenous other as “hostile native,” “raw native,” “native,” “criminal-African” and finally “African.” The presence of whiteness, the things of whiteness, and bodies racialized as white in this settler-colonial society were corrosive and destructive elements to indigenous life and were foundational to the construction of the first open-air prison in the East African Hinterland.
Noise control engineering on an LNG liquefaction engineering, procurement, and construction project
Creators: name: Woodson, Neil Justin
name: 0000-0002-2752-8134
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2019
Subjects: Noise control
LNG
Acoustics
EPC
Noise modeling

description: Many liquefied natural gas import facilities are being converted into liquefaction export facilities, which require many pieces of large, noise equipment. The facilities are located along the coast, often near residential areas, and must meet federal noise regulations to minimize disruption of the community. This report illustrates the noise control procedures associated with a hypothetical liquefaction engineering, procurement, and construction project
The Body That Was Difficult to Censor: Mae West and Censorship in the 1930s
Creators: Iorio, Gabrielle
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Motion pictures--Censorship
Women in the motion picture industry
Moral panics

description: After attaining notoriety for her provocative work on Broadway, Mae West, an actor, writer, and director, rose to fame in Hollywood for her sexy style and memorable one-liners. While Paramount Pictures delighted in West’s financial success during the economic doldrums of the Great Depression, the film censors of the Production Code Administration attempted to minimize West’s sexual style to portray her in a way that upheld society’s morals and expectations of women’s behavior. Correspondence between the Production Code Administration and Paramount Pictures reveals requests to change lines in the script and cover up and deemphasize West’s body. Yet, West’s expert use of sexual innuendo through vocalization and body language typically superseded censors’ attempts. The treatment of West’s curvy body, which did not fit the ideal thin, boyish body type of the time, suggests her association with the grotesque, as defined by Mikhail Bakhtin. The formation of West’s body as grotesque, when looked upon by the male gaze, facilitated a moral panic about societal norms and expectations of women at the time, leading to West’s decline in fame and the reinforcement of men’s power in the motion picture industry.
Helichrysum forskahlii var. compactum Mesfin
Creators: name: Zhou, Ya-Dong
name: Mwachala, Geoffrey
name: Hu, Guang-Wan
name: Wang, Qing-Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asterales
Asteraceae
Helichrysum
Helichrysum forskahlii
Helichrysum forskahlii var. compactum (vatke) mesfin

description: Helichrysum forskahlii var. compactum (Vatke) Mesfin  —
Habit: Herb.
Habitat: BZ, UMF, HZ, AZ, NZ; 2 700– 5 000 m. Distribution: II.
 Voucher: Naro Moru Track, Alt. 3 804 m, 24 Jul. 2014, SAJIT 002103 (HIB).
References: Bussmann (1993), Beentje (2002), Agnew (2013).
description: Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464
The boundary of chaos for interval mappings
Creators: name: Clark, Trevor
name: Trejo, Sofía
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37E05

description: A goal in the study of dynamics on the interval is to understand the transition to positive topological entropy. There is a conjecture from the 1980's that the only route to positive topological entropy is through a cascade of period doubling bifurcations. We prove this conjecture in natural families of smooth interval maps, and use it to study the structure of the boundary of mappings with positive entropy. In particular, we show that in families of mappings with a fixed number of critical points the boundary is locally connected, and for analytic mappings that it is a cellular set.
Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the Amazonian fruit Ambelania acida Aubl
Creators: name: da Silva, Yasmin Cunha
name: da Silva Gomes, Geziane
name: da Silva Antonio, Ananda
name: Rosado, Carolyne Pimentel
name: Pereira, Henrique Marcelo Gualberto
name: de Lima Yamaguchi, Klenicy Kazumy
name: Teodoro, Anderson Junger
name: da Veiga Júnior, Valdir Florêncio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts from the pulp of Ambelania acida Aubl. (Apocynaceae) fruits were subjected to analysis through UHPLC-HRMS and antioxidant potential using the TPC, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC assays. A putative identification of the compounds carried out by comparison of the fragmentation spectra revealed the predominance of the monoterpene indole alkaloids tabersonine, pseudocopsinine, ajmalicine, and strictosidine. Additionally, gallic acid, caffeic acid, citric acid, 3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, ellagic acid, eschweilenol C (ellagic acid deoxyhexoside), and sucrose were identified. In face of the phenolic compounds observed, hydroalcoholic extract showed a higher antioxidant activity compared to the aqueous extract, observed at TPC (108.85 mg GAE/100g), FRAP (0.73 µmol Fe2SO4/g), DPPH (1221.76 µmol TE/g), ABTS (3460.00 µmol TE/g), and ORAC assays (120.47 µmol TE/g). These findings underscore the abundant presence of bioactive compounds, including phenolics and alkaloids, in an edible Amazonian fruit.
On The KMS Condition for the critical Ising model
Creators: name: Lima-Santos, A.
name: Utiel, Wagner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the KMS condition and exchange algebras we discuss the monodromy and modular properties of two-point KMS states of the critical Ising model.
description: 8 pages, TcilaTex
Additional file 2: of Antioxidative effects of caffeine in a hyperoxia-based rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Creators: name: Endesfelder, Stefanie
name: StrauĂ, Evelyn
name: Scheuer, Till
name: Schmitz, Thomas
name: BĂźhrer, Christoph
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Table S1. Sequences of oligonucleotides. (DOCX 13 kb)
Tailings Dam Break Analysis Performed for the PFS Study of a Downstream Raised TSF in South America
Creators: name: Tellez, Holman
name: Medina, Miguel
name: Mohammadian, Abdolvahid
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: In this case study, a tailing dam breach analysis (TDBA) was conducted during a pre-feasibility (PFS) study of a tailings storage facility (TSF) and its two main tailings dams, proposed to be constructed using the downstream raised method to provide an additional 600 Mm³ of storage capacity. The objective of the TDBA was to assess the potential risks posed by the construction of the tailings dams and identify the mitigation measures and controls that would be required to reduce hazards in subsequent engineering phases. The TSF dams will retain tailings (that are susceptible to liquefaction) and a supernatant pond in the final phase of construction and during operation; therefore, the dams were identified as Case 1A as per CDA (2021). During a dam failure, the total volume of tailings released is the combination of the volume of tailings that will be mobilized/eroded by the free water (defined as Process I in CDA, 2021) and the volume of liquefiable tailings (defined as Process II in CDA, 2021). These volumes are difficult to establish, and currently, there are limitations and uncertainties in methodologies available in the industry to determine these volumes. The breach process is a complex interaction of the fluid hydrodynamics (e.g., erosion and sediment transportation) and the geotechnical characteristics of the dam. This process is not well understood and is currently a topic of research. Furthermore, the volume released during a dam breach is primarily a function of the tailings characteristics and the breach size (e.g., breach invert) that depends on the materials and conditions of the dam and its foundation. In the context of this study, the ultimate downstream area of flood inundation is not dependent on the breach mechanism but rather on the released volume and the released rate (e.g., breach formation time). The failure modes that were adopted for the TDBAs were overtopping during an extreme event (i.e., a rainy day) and internal erosion or earthquake during normal conditions (i.e., a sunny day). These were found to be credible failure modes. Once the failure of a dam is triggered, erodible processes will follow and accelerate as the breach expands, allowing increased flow, resulting in an uncontrolled release of water and tailings. The greatest challenge during the PFS study was predicting the final TSF configuration (in-situ tailings density and beach slopes) and analyzing the potential failure modes and the effects on the resulting breach geometry for downstream-raised tailings dams. This paper outlines the methodology used to assess the above-mentioned parameters that served as an input to the TDBA. In addition, sensitivity analyses were carried out to validate the inputs and their effects on the results, including recommendations for subsequent engineering phases.