cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mass loss from dwarf spheroidal galaxies: the origins of shallow dark matter cores and exponential surface brightness profiles
Creators: name: Read, J. I.
name: Gilmore, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dwarf spheroidal galaxies have shallow central dark matter density profiles, low angular momentum and approximately exponential surface brightness distributions. Through N-body simulations and analytic calculations we investigate the extent to which these properties can be generated from ``typical'' $Λ$CDM galaxies, which differ in all of these properties, by the dynamical consequences of feedback. We find that, for a wide range of initial conditions, one impulsive mass loss event will naturally produce a surface brightness profile in the remaining stellar component of a dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph) which is well fit over many scale lengths by an exponential, in good qualitative agreement with observations of Local Group dSphs. Furthermore, two impulsive mass loss phases, punctuated by significant gas re-accretion, are found to be sufficient to transform a central density cusp in the dark matter profile into a near-constant density core. This may then provide the missing link between current cosmological simulations, which predict a central cusp in the dark matter density profile, and current observations, which find much shallower central density profiles. We also look at the angular momentum history of dSphs and demonstrate that if these galaxies have spent most of their lifetime in tidal isolation from massive galaxies then they cannot have formed from high angular momentum gas discs.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. High resolution figures may be obtained from: http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~jir22
A path(-integral) toward non-perturbative effects in Hawking radiation
Creators: name: Chen, Pisin
name: Sasaki, Misao
name: Yeom, Dong-han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hawking's seminal discovery of black hole evaporation was based on the semi-classical, perturbative method. Whether black hole evaporation may result in the loss of information remains undetermined. The solution to this paradox would most likely rely on the knowledge of the end-life of the evaporation, which evidently must be in the non-perturbative regime. Here we reinterpret the Hawking radiation as the tunneling of instantons, which is inherently non-perturbative. For definitiveness, we invoke the picture of shell-anti-shell pair production and show that it is equivalent to that of instanton tunneling. We find that such a shell pair production picture can help to elucidate firewalls and ER=EPR conjectures that attempt to solve the information paradox, and may be able to address the end-life issue toward an ultimate resolution.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Hard parton damping in hot QCD
Creators: name: Peshier, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gluon and quark collisional widths in hot QCD plasmas are discussed with emphasis on temperatures near Tc, where the coupling is large. Considering the effect on the entropy, which is known from lattice calculations, it is argued that the width of the partons, which in the perturbative limit is given by gamma ~ g^2 ln(1/g) T, should be sizeable at intermediate temperatures but has to be small close to Tc. This behavior implies a substantial reduction of the radiative energy loss of jets near Tc.
description: invitetd talk given at 'Hot Quarks 04', July 18-24 2004, Taos Valley, NM, USA
Uwarunkowania rozwoju sektora biogazu rolniczego w Polsce
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL BIOGAS SECTOR IN POLAND
Creators: name: Magdalena Zubrzycka,
name: Janusz Wojdalski,
name: Karol Tucki,
name: Zubrzycki, Mariusz
name: Magdalena Zubrzycka,
name: Janusz Wojdalski,
name: Karol Tucki,
name: Zubrzycki, Mariusz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Community/Rural/Urban Development
Political Economy
Production Economics
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This article presents the legal regulations relating to Renewable Energy Sources, including the biogas sector. It discusses biogas production technologies, the current state and perspectives of agricultural biogas production in Poland, the production capabilities of Polish biogas plants and factors contributing to the attractiveness of the biogas sector. The following economic and ecological aspects of biogas production were considered in the study: profitability and environmental impacts, including reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. Despite numerous problems, the Renewable Energy Sources Act provides an opportunity for the growth and development of the biogas industry in Poland.
description: DOI: 10.17306/J.JARD.2017.00275
Additional file 1 of A systematic literature review of existing conceptualisation and measurement of mental health literacy in adolescent research: current challenges and inconsistencies
Creators: name: Mansfield, Rosie
name: Praveetha Patalay
name: Humphrey, Neil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. example search strategy.
Extent of encounter with an embedded food influences how it is processed by an urbanizing macaque species
Creators: name: Dhananjaya, Tejeshwar
name: Das, Sayantan
name: Vyas, Amal K.
name: Gahlot, Prakhar
name: Singh, Mewa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60201 Behavioural Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60304 Ethology and Sociobiology
subject: Zoology

description: The folder contains video files accompanying the article titled, 'Extent of encounter with an embedded food influences how it is processed by an urbanizing macaque species'. The videos include peanut processing methods displayed by an urban group of Bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata).
Template Matching Route Classification
Creators: name: Kinney, Mitchell
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper details a route classification method for American football using a template matching scheme that is quick and does not require manual labeling. Pre-defined routes from a standard receiver route tree are aligned closely with game routes in order to determine the closest match. Based on a test game with manually labeled routes, the method achieves moderate success with an overall accuracy of 72\% of the 232 routes labeled correctly.
An open charm tetraquark candidate: note on $X_{0}(2900)$
Creators: name: Zhang, Jian-Rong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the LHCb's very recent observation of exotic $X_{0}(2900)$ in the $B^{+}\rightarrow D^{+}D^{-}K^{+}$ process, for which could be a good open charm $ud\bar{c}\bar{s}$ tetraquark candidate, we endeavor to investigate its possibility by means of QCD sum rules. In technique, four configurations of interpolating currents with $J^{P}=0^{+}$ are studied for the $ud\bar{c}\bar{s}$ tetraquark state. In the end, mass values are calculated to be $2.76^{+0.16}_{-0.23}~\mbox{GeV}$ for the axial vector diquark-axial vector antidiquark configuration and $2.75^{+0.15}_{-0.24}~\mbox{GeV}$ for the scalar diquark-scalar antidiquark configuration, both of which are consistent with the experimental data $2.866\pm0.007\pm0.002~\mbox{GeV}$ of $X_{0}(2900)$ in view of the uncertainty. These results support that $X_{0}(2900)$ could be a $0^{+}$ tetraquark state with open charm flavor.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures; version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
title: What Difference Does One Academic Year Make? Features And Development Of International Foundation Students’ Academic Lexis In Assessed Writing At A UK University
Creators: name: Therova, Dana
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2018

description: Despite extensive research into academic writing of university students from various linguistic backgrounds and disciplines at various levels of study, little research has focused on longitudinal studies of assessed writing produced by heterogeneous groups of students at a foundation level. This study seeks to fill this gap by investigating the most prevalent examples, features and development of academic lexis used in UK-based international foundation students’ written assignments and the main contributors to this development. These aims are addressed with the assistance of three tools, namely Text Inspector.com (Bax 2015), AntWordProfiler (Anthony 2013) and AntConc (Anthony 2014) which provide an insight into the qualitative and quantitative aspects of students’ use of academic lexis comprising individual words and phraseologies in accordance with the Academic Word List (Coxhead 2000), the New Academic Vocabulary List (Gardner and Davies 2013), the Academic Collocation List (Ackermann and Chen 2013), and the Academic Formulas List (Simpson-Vlach and Ellis 2010). The textual analysis is complemented by individual qualitative interviews identifying the main contributing factors to the development of the students’ academic lexis. This small scale longitudinal study is based on a number of written assignments, produced by six international foundation students forming the entire 2016 - 2017 cohort of the International Foundation Programme at a London-based University, which were submitted to the University during the academic year. The results indicate that despite an extensive usage of individual academic words, the use of academic phraseologies remains surprisingly limited in the students’ assessed writing. Moreover, the most prevalent examples of individual academic vocabulary and collocations seem to be drawn from the assignment topics. In addition, the interview data identified exposure to academic lexis in lessons and reading materials as primary contributors to its development. These findings have potentially important pedagogical implications by highlighting the importance of more explicit teaching of academic lexis and greater exposure to relevant reading materials.
Characterization and Modeling of Non-Uniform Charge Collection in CVD Diamond Pixel Detectors
Creators: name: Lari, T.
name: Oh, A.
name: Wermes, N.
name: Kagan, H.
name: Keil, M.
name: Trischuk, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A pixel detector with a CVD diamond sensor has been studied in a 180 GeV/c pion beam. The charge collection properties of the diamond sensor were studied as a function of the track position, which was measured with a silicon microstrip telescope. Non-uniformities were observed on a length scale comparable to the diamond crystallites size. In some regions of the sensor, the charge drift appears to have a component parallel to the sensor surface (i.e., normal to the applied electric field) resulting in systematic residuals between the track position and the hits position as large as 40 $μ$m. A numerical simulation of the charge drift in polycrystalline diamond was developed to compute the signal induced on the electrodes by the electrons and holes released by the passing particles. The simulation takes into account the crystallite structure, non-uniform trapping across the sensor, diffusion and polarization effects. It is in qualitative agreement with the data. Additional lateral electric field components result from the non-uniform trapping of charges in the bulk. These provide a good explanation for the large residuals observed.
description: Accepted by Nucl. Instr. and Meth
Hierarchical tree approach to group key management using the group Diffie-Hellman protocol
Creators: name: Au, Peter King Pong
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: As a result of the increasing popularity of group-oriented peer-to-peer applications, there is an increasing demand for security services in this kind of environment. Key management plays an important foundation role in security services. Quite a few key management solutions have been proposed for peer groups. However, they usually have limited scalability. This paper considers the scalability of a group-oriented environment and proposes a group hierarchy solution to resolve the problem.
Learning One-hidden-layer ReLU Networks via Gradient Descent
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiao
name: Yu, Yaodong
name: Wang, Lingxiao
name: Gu, Quanquan
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2024

description: We study the problem of learning one-hidden-layer neural networks with Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation function, where the inputs are sampled from standard Gaussian distribution and the outputs are generated from a noisy teacher network. We analyze the performance of gradient descent for training such kind of neural networks based on empirical risk minimization, and provide algorithm-dependent guarantees. In particular, we prove that tensor initialization followed by gradient descent can converge to the ground-truth parameters at a linear rate up to some statistical error. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work characterizing the recovery guarantee for practical learning of one-hidden-layer ReLU networks with multiple neurons. Numerical experiments verify our theoretical findings.
Diverse ${\cal N} =(4,4)$ Twisted Multiplets in ${\cal N} = (2,2)$ Superspace
Creators: name: Ivanov, E.
name: Sutulin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe four different types of the ${\cal N} = (4,4)$ twisted supermultiplets in two-dimensional ${\cal N} = (2,2)$ superspace ${\bf R}^{1,1|2,2}$. All these multiplets are presented by a pair of chiral and twisted chiral superfields and differ in the transformation properties under an extra hidden ${\cal N} = (2,2)$ supersymmetry. The sigma model ${\cal N} = (2,2)$ superfield Lagrangians for each type of the ${\cal N} = (4,4)$ twisted supermultiplets are real functions subjected to some differential constraints implied by the hidden supersymmetry. We prove that the general sigma model action, with all types of ${\cal N} = (4,4)$ twisted multiplets originally included, is reduced to a sum of sigma model actions for separate types. An interaction between the multiplets of different sorts is possible only through the appropriate mass terms, and only for those multiplets which belong to the same `self-dual' pair.
description: 21 p., Latex
INNOVATIONS IN PLANT PRODUCTION AS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR POLISH AGRICULTURE
Innowacje w produkcji roślinnej jako szansa dla polskiego rolnictwa
Creators: name: Żak, Agata
name: Żak, Agata
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: innovations in agriculture,
subject: biological innovations,
subject: progress,
subject: competitiveness

description: The ability to efficiently implement innovations in agricultural holdings, acquire knowledge, and to make effective use of biological progress in plant production are all challenges in modern agriculture. Globalization processes are a catalyst for innovation transfer as well as technical, biological, and organizational progress promotion. The ability to utilize innovations in Polish agriculture will be decisive for its development opportunities and competitive position at the international level.
description: DOI: 10.17306/J.JARD.2017.00317
New Chiral Gravity
Creators: name: Ciambelli, Luca
name: Detournay, Stéphane
name: Somerhausen, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase space of three-dimensional gravity with Compere-Song-Strominger (CSS) boundary conditions is endowed with asymptotic symmetries consisting in the semi-direct product of a Virasoro and a $\hat{u}(1)$ Kač-Moody algebra, and contains BTZ black holes whose entropy can be accounted for by the degeneracy of states of a Warped CFT. By embedding these boundary conditions in Topologically Massive Gravity, we observe the existence of two special points in the space of couplings parameterized by the AdS$_3$ radius $\ell$ and the Chern-Simons coupling $μ$. When $μ= \pm {1\over \ell}$, the asymptotic symmetries reduce to either a chiral Virasoro algebra or a pure $\hat{u}(1)$ Kač-Moody current algebra. At those points, black holes have positive energy while that of linearized excitations are non-negative.
description: 8 pages, latex, V3, minor modifications
Critical densities for the Skyrme type effective interactions
Creators: name: Agrawal, B. K.
name: Shlomo, S.
name: Au, V. Kim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the stability conditions of the Landau parameters for the symmetric nuclear matter and pure neutron matter to calculate the critical densities for the Skyrme type effective nucleon-nucleon interactions. We find that the critical density can be maximized by adjusting appropriately the values of the enhancement factor $κ$ associated with isovector giant dipole resonance, the quantity $L$ which is directly related to the slope of the symmetry energy and the Landau parameter $G_0^\prime$. However, restricting $κ$, $L$ and $G_0^\prime$ to vary within acceptable limits reduces the maximum value for the critical density $\tildeρ_{cr}$ by $\sim 25%$. We also show that among the various quantities characterizing the symmetric nuclear matter, $\tildeρ_{cr}$ depends strongly on the isoscalar effective mass $m^*/m$ and surface energy coefficient $E_s$. For realistic values of $m^*/m$ and $E_s$ we get $\tildeρ_{cr} = 2ρ_0$ to $ 3ρ_0$ ($ρ_0 = 0.16$fm$^{-3}$).
description: 10 pages, 3 figures. Physicsl Review C (in press)
Additional file 1 of Evaluation of the expression levels of BRAFV600E mRNA in primary tumors of thyroid cancer using an ultrasensitive mutation assay
Creators: name: Tran, Tien Viet
name: Dang, Kien Xuan
name: Pham, Quynh Huong
name: Nguyen, Ung Dinh
name: Trinh, Nhung Thi Trang
name: Hoang, Luong Van
name: Ho, Son Anh
name: Nguyen, Ba Van
name: Nguyen, Duc Trong
name: Trinh, Dung Tuan
name: Tran, Dung Ngoc
name: Orpana, Arto
name: Ulf-Håkan Stenman
name: Stenman, Jakob
name: Ho, Tho Huu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Clinicopathologic and molecular data of novel mRNA-based assay and Sanger sequencing for BRAFV600E expression of thyroid cancer cases.
A new measure of thermal micro-behavior for the AdS black hole
Creators: name: Xu, Zhen-Ming
name: Wu, Bin
name: Yang, Tao
name: Yang, Wen-Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by the hypothesis of the black hole molecule, with the help of the Hawking temperature, entropy and the thermodynamics curvature of the black hole, we propose a new measure of the relation between the interaction and the thermal motion of molecules of the AdS black hole as a preliminary and coarse-grained description. The measure enables us to introduce a dimensionless ratio to characterize this relation and show that there is indeed competition between the interaction among black hole molecules and their thermal motion. For the charged AdS black hole, below the critical dimensionless pressure, there are three transitions between the interaction state and the thermal motion state. While above the critical dimensionless pressure, there is only one transition. For the Schwarzschild-AdS black hole and five-dimensional Gauss-Bonnet AdS black hole, there is always a transition between the interaction state and the thermal motion state.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures; v2:add References and some comments; v3: final version to be published in Chinese Physics C
title: Role Of d16HER2 Splice Variant In Breast Cancer Stem Cells
Creators: name: Castagnoli, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2018

description: The transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor HER2 is overexpressed in about 20% of human breast cancers (BCs). Evidence suggests that the co-existence of the full-length/wild-type HER2 oncoprotein (WTHER2) with its altered isoforms increases the heterogeneity of HER2 overexpressing (HER2+) disease thus affecting its biology and treatment response. We found that ~90% of HER2+ BC patients express a WTHER2 isoform characterized by the lack of exon 16 (d16HER2), a peculiar absence promoting the generation of stable and constitutively activated HER2 homodimers. Since the impact of d16HER2 in HER2+ BC disease was debatable at the beginning of my Ph.D. project, I focused my studies to investigate and unravel d16HER2 implication in HER2+ BC aggressiveness, susceptibility to specific biotherapies and stemness. Our in vitro and in vivo findings made clearer the potent oncogenicity driven by d16HER2 variant vs WTHER2 unveiling its direct functional interplay with the activated tyrosine kinase SRC that was found to be coupled with d16HER2 expression/activity in HER2+ BCs. Further, pre-clinical and clinical data indicated that d16HER2 activation determines the greatest benefits from trastuzumab administration in HER2+ BCs. Additionally, our results pointed to a crucial d16HER2 role in the regulation of the BC stem cells (BCSCs) activity through its functional interaction with the NOTCH family members. We also observed that the higher trastuzumab efficiency inhibits the growth/progression of HER2+ BCs characterized by an activated d16HER2 signature was consistent with its ability to target BCSCs effectively. Finally, our data revealed that d16HER2 expression/activity in driving tumour aggressiveness could be extended also to HER2+ gastric cancers.

 The results of my Ph.D. thesis contribute to highlight the crucial role played by d16HER2 in the aggressiveness, sensitivity to trastuzumab and stemness of HER2+ BCs vs the WTHER2 receptor.
Sine-Gordon Expectation Values of Exponential Fields With Variational Perturbation Theory
Creators: name: Lu, Wen-Fa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, expectation values of exponential fields in the 2-dimensional Euclidean sine-Gordon field theory are calculated with variational perturbation approach up to the second order. Our numerical analysis indicates that for not large values of the exponential-field parameter $a$, our results agree very well with the exact formula conjectured by Lukyanov and Zamolodchikov in Nucl. Phys. B 493, 571 (1997).
description: only abbreviated the original, 12 pages, 2 EPS figures, to be published in Phys. Lett. B
Combining unsupervised and supervised machine learning to build user models for intelligent learning environments
Creators: name: Amershi, Saleema Amin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Traditional approaches to developing user models, especially for computer-based learning environments, are notoriously difficult and time-consuming because they rely heavily on expert-elicited knowledge about the target application and domain. Furthermore, because the expert-elicited knowledge used in the user model is application and domain specific, the entire model development process must be repeated for each new application. In this thesis, we outline a data-based user modeling framework that uses both unsupervised and supervised machine learning in order to reduce the development costs of building user models, and facilitate transferability. We apply the framework to build user models of student interaction with two different learning environments (the CIspace Constraint Satisfaction Problem Applet for demonstrating an Artificial Intelligence algorithm, and the Adaptive Coach for Exploration for mathematical functions), and using two different data sources (logged interface and eye-tracking data). Although these two experiments are limited by the fact that we do not have large data sets, our results provide initial evidence that (i) the framework can automatically identify meaningful student interaction behaviors, and (ii) the user models built via the framework can recognize new student behaviors online. In addition, the similar results obtained from both of our experiments show framework transferability across applications and data types.
Additional file 1 of Incorporating machine learning and social determinants of health indicators into prospective risk adjustment for health plan payments
Creators: name: Irvin, Jeremy A.
name: Kondrich, Andrew A.
name: Ko, Michael
name: Pranav Rajpurkar
name: Haghgoo, Behzad
name: Landon, Bruce E.
name: Phillips, Robert L.
name: Petterson, Stephen
name: Ng, Andrew Y.
name: Basu, Sanjay
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Appendix. Additional details on the administrative claims dataset, input predictors, machine learning models, linear regression models, and statistical analysis. Table S1. Definitions and Conceptual Justification of the SDH Indicators. Table S2 Demographic Statistics of the Data Subsets by Geographic Location Table S3. Variable Importances of the Prospective Linear Regression, LASSO Regression, Random Forest, and LightGBM Models without SDH Indicators Table S4. Variable Importances of the Prospective Linear Regression, LASSO Regression, Random Forest, and LightGBM Models with SDH Indicators Table S5. Performance Measures of LASSO Regression, Random Forest, and Multilayer Perceptron on the Test Set Table S6. Predictive Ratio and Net Compensation Values of Prospective Machine Learning Models on Age and Sex Subgroups in the Test Set Table S7. Predictive Ratio and Net Compensation Values of Prospective Linear Models on SDH-Based Subgroups in the Test Set Table S8. Predictive Ratio and Net Compensation Values of Prospective Linear Models on Age and Sex Subgroups in the Test Set Figure S1. Binned Scatter Plots of the Prospective Linear Regression and Machine Learning Models without and with SDH Indicators on the Test Set Table S9. Performance Measures of Models Derived Using Binary Diagnosis Predictors on the Test Set Table S10. Performance Measures of Top-Coded and Non-Top-Coded Models on the Test Set Table S11. Performance Measures of Models with Lab Results on the Test Set Table S12. Performance Measures of Concurrent and Prospective Models with SDH Indicators on the Test Set
Building and Interpreting Deep Similarity Models
Creators: name: Eberle, Oliver
name: Büttner, Jochen
name: Kräutli, Florian
name: Müller, Klaus-Robert
name: Valleriani, Matteo
name: Montavon, Grégoire
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many learning algorithms such as kernel machines, nearest neighbors, clustering, or anomaly detection, are based on the concept of 'distance' or 'similarity'. Before similarities are used for training an actual machine learning model, we would like to verify that they are bound to meaningful patterns in the data. In this paper, we propose to make similarities interpretable by augmenting them with an explanation in terms of input features. We develop BiLRP, a scalable and theoretically founded method to systematically decompose similarity scores on pairs of input features. Our method can be expressed as a composition of LRP explanations, which were shown in previous works to scale to highly nonlinear functions. Through an extensive set of experiments, we demonstrate that BiLRP robustly explains complex similarity models, e.g. built on VGG-16 deep neural network features. Additionally, we apply our method to an open problem in digital humanities: detailed assessment of similarity between historical documents such as astronomical tables. Here again, BiLRP provides insight and brings verifiability into a highly engineered and problem-specific similarity model.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
title: Linear discriminant analysis for high dimensional data : a comparison of sparse classification methods
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Irene
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: discriminant analysis
subject: sparsity

description: Die lineare Diskriminanzanalyse ist eine beliebte und weitverbreitete Methode des überwachten Lernens. In dieser Arbeit wird detailliert auf zwei lineare Klassifikationsmethoden eingegangen, die zu äquivalenten Modellen führen. Dies sind Fishers LDA und der optimal scoring Ansatz, die jeweils durch ein Optimierungsproblem beschrieben werden. Diese Methoden sind jedoch auf solche Datensätze beschränkt, bei denen die Anzahl der Beobachtungen die der Variablen übersteigt. Daher werden die Optimierungsprobleme modifiziert, um auf hochdimensionale Daten angewandt werden zu können, indem man einen Penalty-Term hinzufügt und die Kovarianz innerhalb der Klassen als Diagonalmatrix schätzt. So erhält man Penalized LDA und sparse discriminant analysis. Die Anwendung eines L1 Penalty-Terms führt bei diesen Methoden zu Sparse Models. Qualitätsmerkmale für die Modelle sind die Genauigkeit der Vorhersage der Klassenzugehörigkeiten sowie die Sparsity, welche durch die zuverlässige Identifikation der beeinflussenden Variablen und die Reduktion des Rauschanteils bewertet wird. Es wird eine Simulationsstudie durchgeführt, um die Stärken und Schwächen der Methoden zu untersuchen, wenn diese auf Daten mit einem hohen Rauschanteil angewendet werden. Weiters wird die Qualität der Modelle anhand von zwei Datensätzen aus Genexpressions-Experimenten bewertet.
description: Linear discriminant analysis is a popular method for supervised classification, which performs well under various circumstances. In this thesis the equivalence of two linear classification methods is discussed in detail, namely Fisher's LDA and the optimal scoring approach, which is obtained from different optimization problems. These methods are limited to the analysis of data where the number of observations is higher than the number of predictor variables. Hence, the optimization problems are modified to be applicable in the high dimensional setting via penalization terms and diagonal within-class covariance estimates. The resulting methods are penalized LDA and sparse discriminant analysis, respectively. With an L1 penalization term sparse models are obtained with these methods. The criteria for the model quality are the prediction performance of the class memberships and the sparsity, which is evaluated by the identification of the influential variables and the reduction of the noise. A simulation study is conducted to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of the methods when applied to data with a high percentage of noise. Further, the quality of the models is evaluated for two gene expression data sets.
Screening of nucleon electric dipole moments in atomic systems
Creators: name: Yanase, Kota
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electric dipole moments (EDMs) of diamagnetic atoms are expected to be sensitive to charge-parity violation particularly in nuclei through the nuclear Schiff moment. I explicitly demonstrate that the well-known form of the Schiff moment operator originating from the nucleon EDM is obtained by considering the screening of the nucleon EDMs in a neutral atom. Consequently, an additional contribution to the Schiff moment arises from the screening of the nuclear EDM induced by the interaction of the nucleon EDMs with the protons. This correction to the Schiff moment of $^{199}$Hg is evaluated in the independent particle model.
Fundus2Angio: A Conditional GAN Architecture for Generating Fluorescein Angiography Images from Retinal Fundus Photography
Creators: name: Kamran, Sharif Amit
name: Hossain, Khondker Fariha
name: Tavakkoli, Alireza
name: Zuckerbrod, Stewart Lee
name: Baker, Salah A.
name: Sanders, Kenton M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Carrying out clinical diagnosis of retinal vascular degeneration using Fluorescein Angiography (FA) is a time consuming process and can pose significant adverse effects on the patient. Angiography requires insertion of a dye that may cause severe adverse effects and can even be fatal. Currently, there are no non-invasive systems capable of generating Fluorescein Angiography images. However, retinal fundus photography is a non-invasive imaging technique that can be completed in a few seconds. In order to eliminate the need for FA, we propose a conditional generative adversarial network (GAN) to translate fundus images to FA images. The proposed GAN consists of a novel residual block capable of generating high quality FA images. These images are important tools in the differential diagnosis of retinal diseases without the need for invasive procedure with possible side effects. Our experiments show that the proposed architecture outperforms other state-of-the-art generative networks. Furthermore, our proposed model achieves better qualitative results indistinguishable from real angiograms.
description: 14 pages, Accepted to 15th International Symposium on Visual Computing 2020
Cost-Sensitive Robustness against Adversarial Examples
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiao
name: Evans, David
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2024

description: Several recent works have developed methods for training classifiers that are certifiably robust against norm-bounded adversarial perturbations. These methods assume that all the adversarial transformations are equally important, which is seldom the case in real-world applications. We advocate for cost-sensitive robustness as the criteria for measuring the classifier's performance for tasks where some adversarial transformation are more important than others. We encode the potential harm of each adversarial transformation in a cost matrix, and propose a general objective function to adapt the robust training method of Wong & Kolter (2018) to optimize for cost-sensitive robustness. Our experiments on simple MNIST and CIFAR10 models with a variety of cost matrices show that the proposed approach can produce models with substantially reduced cost-sensitive robust error, while maintaining classification accuracy.
Spin relaxation and anticrossing in quantum dots: Rashba versus Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Bulaev, Denis V.
name: Loss, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-orbit splitting of the electron levels in a two-dimensional quantum dot in a perpendicular magnetic field is studied. It is shown that at the point of an accidental degeneracy of the two lowest levels above the ground state the Rashba spin-orbit coupling leads to a level anticrossing and to mixing of spin-up and spin-down states, whereas there is no mixing of these levels due to the Dresselhaus term. We calculate the relaxation and decoherence times of the three lowest levels due to phonons. We find that the spin relaxation rate as a function of a magnetic field exhibits a cusp-like structure for Rashba but not for Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
A generative adversarial network approach to calibration of local stochastic volatility models
Creators: name: Cuchiero, Christa
name: Khosrawi, Wahid
name: Teichmann, Josef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a fully data-driven approach to calibrate local stochastic volatility (LSV) models, circumventing in particular the ad hoc interpolation of the volatility surface. To achieve this, we parametrize the leverage function by a family of feed-forward neural networks and learn their parameters directly from the available market option prices. This should be seen in the context of neural SDEs and (causal) generative adversarial networks: we generate volatility surfaces by specific neural SDEs, whose quality is assessed by quantifying, possibly in an adversarial manner, distances to market prices. The minimization of the calibration functional relies strongly on a variance reduction technique based on hedging and deep hedging, which is interesting in its own right: it allows the calculation of model prices and model implied volatilities in an accurate way using only small sets of sample paths. For numerical illustration we implement a SABR-type LSV model and conduct a thorough statistical performance analysis on many samples of implied volatility smiles, showing the accuracy and stability of the method.
description: Replacement for previous version: Major update of previous version to match the content of the published version
News and expectations in Thermostatistics
Creators: name: Kaniadakis, G.
name: Lissia, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Editorial of the International Conference (NEXT 2003): News and expectations in Thermostatistics, Sardinia 21-28 Sept. 2003
Two-Loop Bethe Logarithms for Higher Excited S Levels
Creators: name: Jentschura, Ulrich D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Processes mediated by two virtual low-energy photons contribute quite significantly to the energy of hydrogenic S states. The corresponding level shift is of the order of (alpha/pi)^2 (Zalpha)^6 m_e c^2 and may be ascribed to a two-loop generalization of the Bethe logarithm. For 1S and 2S states, the correction has recently been evaluated by Pachucki and Jentschura [Phys. Rev. Lett. vol. 91, 113005 (2003)]. Here, we generalize the approach to higher excited S states, which in contrast to the 1S and 2S states can decay to P states via the electric-dipole (E1) channel. The more complex structure of the excited-state wave functions and the necessity to subtract P-state poles lead to additional calculational problems. In addition to the calculation of the excited-state two-loop energy shift, we investigate the ambiguity in the energy level definition due to squared decay rates.
description: 14 pages, RevTeX, to appear in Phys. Rev. A
Fundamentals of Computing
Creators: name: Levin, Leonid A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.0; G.0
subject: 68-01, 68Q, 03-01, 03D

description: These are notes for the course CS-172 I first taught in the Fall 1986 at UC Berkeley and subsequently at Boston University. The goal was to introduce the undergraduates to basic concepts of Theory of Computation and to provoke their interest in further study. Model-dependent effects were systematically ignored. Concrete computational problems were considered only as illustrations of general principles. The notes are skeletal: they do have (terse) proofs, but exercises, references, intuitive comments, examples are missing or inadequate. The notes can be used for designing a course or by students who want to refresh the known material or are bright and have access to an instructor for questions. Each subsection takes about a week of the course.
description: 22 pages; extended
title: Enhancement of Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Antioxidant Responses in Diatoms by Light Modulation
Creators: name: Smerilli, Arianna
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2018

description: The ecological success of diatoms is mostly attributed to their ability to adjust biological performances to the variable environmental conditions they experience in the water column. While the efficient photoacclimative and photoprotective mechanisms in diatoms are already reported, the involvement of the antioxidant network in lowering or repairing light stress or damage is poorly understood.

 My thesis consists of the concomitant investigation of the photoprotective and antioxidant network functioning in the coastal diatom Skeletonema marinoi, and during an experiment at sea in the Gulf of Naples. The aims of my work are to explore the antioxidant network in diatoms to better understand its activation in coping with light variation, and the functional link between antioxidant molecules synthesis/activity and photoprotection.

 Results showed the spectral light dependent activity of antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. They act in complementarity of the antioxidant molecules synthesis. A high concentration of ascorbic acid, phenolics compounds and among them flavonoids were found in diatoms. These molecules respond to light variations in terms of spectral composition, photon flux density, daily light dose, light shape distribution and photoperiod duration. Also, in a natural microalgal community, these molecules were found at high concentration following a dynamics that relied on light, nutrient stress and photosynthetic regulation.

 The photoprotective xanthophyll cycle, involving the pigments diatoxanthin and diadinoxanthin, is activated by light and modulated in concordance with antioxidant molecules synthesis. Indeed, under different light climates, a link between these two defense processes was found. I also show that the xanthophyll cycle pigments have a high antioxidant activity. This feature explains why they increase together with antioxidant molecules during cell senescence. More generally, the physiological state of the cells modulates the antioxidant and photoprotective network in diatoms.
Mean encounter times for multiple random walkers on networks
Creators: name: Riascos, Alejandro P.
name: Sanders, David P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a general approach for the study of the collective dynamics of non-interacting random walkers on connected networks. We analyze the movement of $R$ independent (Markovian) walkers, each defined by its own transition matrix. By using the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the $R$ independent transition matrices, we deduce analytical expressions for the collective stationary distribution and the average number of steps needed by the random walkers to start in a particular configuration and reach specific nodes the first time (mean first-passage times), as well as global times that characterize the global activity. We apply these results to the study of mean first-encounter times for local and non-local random walk strategies on different types of networks, with both synchronous and asynchronous motion.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
Using emergent team structure to focus collaboration
Creators: name: Minto, Shawn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: To build successful complex software systems, developers must collaborate with each other to solve issues. To facilitate this collaboration specialized tools are being integrated into development environments. Although these tools facilitate collaboration, they do not foster it. The problem is that the tools require the developers to maintain a list of other developers with whom they may wish to communicate. In any given situation, it is the developer who must determine who within this list has expertise for the specific situation. Unless the team is small and static, maintaining the knowledge about who is expert in particular parts of the system is difficult. As many organizations are beginning to use agile development and distributed software practices, which result in teams with dynamic membership, maintaining this knowledge is impossible. This thesis investigates whether emergent team structure can be used to support collaboration amongst software developers. The membership of an emergent team is determined from analysis of software artifacts. We first show that emergent teams exist within a particular open-source software project, the Eclipse integrated development environment. We then present a tool called Emergent Expertise Locator (EEL) that uses emergent team information to propose experts to a developer within their development environment as the developer works. We validated this approach to support collaboration by applying our approach to historical data gathered from the Eclipse project, Firefox and Bugzilla and comparing the results to an existing heuristic for recommending experts that produces a list of experts based on the revision history of individual files. We found that EEL produces, on average, results with higher precision and higher recall than the existing heuristic.
Additional file 1 of Time-dependent changes in FT4 and FT3 levels measured using mass spectrometry after an acute ingestion of excess levothyroxine in a case with hypothyroidism
Creators: name: Ito, Yuko
name: Suzuki, Satoru
name: Matsumoto, Yoshiko
name: Ohkouchi, Chiyo
name: Suzuki, Satoshi
name: Iwadate, Manabu
name: Midorikawa, Sanae
name: Yokoya, Susumu
name: Suzuki, Shinichi
name: Shimura, Hiroki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Dose of levothyroxine and the values of TSH, FT4 and FT3.
Indirect Searches for Kaluza-Klein Dark Matter
Creators: name: Hooper, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk, we discuss the potential for the indirect detection of Kaluza-Klein dark matter using neutrino telescopes and cosmic positron experiments. We find that future kilometer-scale neutrino telescopes, such as IceCube, as well as future experiments capable of measuring the cosmic positron spectrum, such as PAMELA and AMS-02, will be quite sensitive to this scenario. Current data from the HEAT experiment can also be explained by the presence of Kaluza-Klein dark matter in the Galactic halo.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, for the proceedings of IDM 2004, Edinburgh