cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
β-Arrestins Regulate Protease-activated Receptor-1 Desensitization but Not Internalization or Down-regulation
Creators: name: Trejo, Joann
name: Stutts, Amy B.
name: Kohout, Trudy A.
name: Lefkowitz, Robert J.
name: Paing, May M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: The widely expressed beta-arrestin isoforms 1 and 2 bind phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and mediate desensitization and internalization. Phosphorylation of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1), a GPCR for thrombin, is important for desensitization and internalization, however, the role of beta-arrestins in signaling and trafficking of PAR1 remains unknown. To assess beta-arrestin function we examined signaling and trafficking of PAR1 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from beta-arrestin (betaarr) knockouts. Desensitization of PAR1 signaling was markedly impaired in MEFs lacking both betaarr1 and betaarr2 isoforms compared with wild-type cells. Strikingly, in cells lacking only betaarr1 PAR1 desensitization was also significantly impaired compared with betaarr2-lacking or wild-type cells. In wild-type MEFs, activated PAR1 was internalized through a dynamin- and clathrin-dependent pathway and degraded. Surprisingly, in cells lacking both betaarr1 and betaarr2 activated PAR1 was similarly internalized through a dynamin- and clathrin-dependent pathway and degraded, whereas the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (beta(2)-AR) failed to internalize. A PAR1 cytoplasmic tail mutant defective in agonist-induced phosphorylation failed to internalize in both wild-type and beta-arrestin knockout cells. Thus, PAR1 appears to utilize a distinct phosphorylation-dependent but beta-arrestin-independent pathway for internalization through clathrin-coated pits. Together, these findings strongly suggest that the individual beta-arrestin isoforms can differentially regulate GPCR desensitization and further reveal a novel mechanism by which GPCRs can internalize through a dynamin- and clathrin-dependent pathway that is independent of arrestins.
Using an Inkjet Aerosol Generator to Study Particle Bounce in Optical Particle CCounters
Creators: name: Iida, Kenjiro
name: Sakurai, Hiromu
name: Auderset, Kevin
name: Vasilatou, Konstantina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: The overall counting performance of two optical particle counters (OPCs), which had a sampling flowrate of 28.3 L/min, was evaluated. An inkjet aerosol generator (IAG) was used to generate at a constant rate monodisperse test particles in the size range of 0.3–10 µm. The effect of particle phase on the counting efficiency (CE) of the two OPCs (RION KC-31 and Lighthouse Solair 1100) was characterized. Lactose monohydrate (LM) and sodium chloride (NaCl) particles were used as the solid particles. The particles of a water-soluble ionic liquid were used as the liquid particles. The CEs were evaluated for polystyrene latex (PSL) particles using a parallel comparison method. The CE of each of the two OPCs measured for solid particles was different from that measured for liquid particles. With liquid particles, the CE decreased over the micrometer range indicating that the particles had deposited on a surface within the OPC. Each CE had a sharp minimum for LM particles when the aerodynamic diameter of the particles,da, was in the 2.5–2.6 µm range. The probability of particle bounce was evaluated using other experiments, and the results suggested that solid particles whose da was in the 2.6–2.9 µm range would bounce off at the inner surface of the focusing segment of the OPC, located upstream of the optical system. The CEs measured when using NaCl and PSL particles were close to unity and did not decrease over a few micrometer range; however, these particles also would bounce off.
Vertical convection in neutrino-dominated accretion flows
Creators: name: Liu, Tong
name: Gu, Wei-Min
name: Kawanaka, Norita
name: Li, Ang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the effects of the vertical convection on the structure and luminosity of the neutrino-dominated accretion flow (NDAF) around a stellar-mass black hole in spherical coordinates. We found that the convective energy transfer can suppress the radial advection in the NDAF, and that the density, temperature and opening angle are slightly changed. As a result, the neutrino luminosity and annihilation luminosity are increased, which is conducive to achieve the energy requirement of gamma-ray bursts.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Hygroscopicity and the water-polymer interaction parameter of nano-sized biodegradable hydrophilic substances
Creators: name: Mao, Chun-Ning
name: Malek, Kotiba A.
name: Asa-Awuku, Akua
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Hygroscopicity is one of the most important physicochemical properties for nanoparticle science and engineering. Hygroscopicity determines the ability of a particle to swell or contract in the presence of water vapor. The hygroscopicity for organic aerosol is a known function of the solute molar volume. This is particularly true for low-molecular weight (<200 g mol−1) organic compounds used for drug delivery. In this work, four commonly used biodegradable hydrophilic compounds, mannitol, lactose, gelatin and polyethylene glycol are measured with a fast and unique hygroscopicity-cloud condensation nuclei activation technique. Flory-Huggins Köhler theory is used to estimate the single parameter hygroscopicity. Results show that for the high molecular weight compounds, a water-polymer interaction parameter must also be considered and the water-polymer interaction parameter for nanoparticles can be determined in the supersaturated regime. The water affinity becomes essential to nanoparticle hygroscopicity, and the organic molar volume contribution starts to decrease as the molecular weight increases. Furthermore, we provide a new size-dependent parameterization for hygroscopicity of polymers. In summary, the water affinity of the interaction parameter can be measured for nano-particles and plays an important role of the water uptake of organic nano-particles. Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research
Intellectual Property Rights Protection: a bird's-eye view in Afghanistan
Creators: name: Wasiq, Mohammad Rasikh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Property law (excl. intellectual property law)
Intellectual property law

description: The study aims to analyse and identify the loopholes in trade and IPR in Afghanistan. Hence the study shall be doctrinal research. Under doctrinal research, a blend of the following techniques has been used to achieve the research objectives. The data and information for the study shall be based on primary and secondary data collection methods. Primary data will be obtained from the Afghanistan constitution and statutory laws, WTO and TRIPS Agreement; secondary data will be obtained from research papers, journals, magazines, websites and annual publications of the UN, WTO and TRIPS Council. The scheme of the present is limited to highlighting the IPR and trade status of Afghanistan before August 2021.
Correlation of early life history traits under contrasting from Robust quantification of fish early life CO2 sensitivities via serial experimentation.
Creators: name: Baumann, Hannes
name: Cross, Emma
name: Murray, Chris
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: Environmental Science

description: Bivariate Pearson correlations between M. menidia early life history traits under contrasting CO2 conditions across all 20 experiments. Significant correlations (P < 0.05) are given in bold.
(1733) Herbert Stanhope Baines
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The Staggered Quantum Walk Model
Creators: name: Portugal, R.
name: Santos, R. A. M.
name: Fernandes, T. D.
name: Gonçalves, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are at least three models of discrete-time quantum walks (QWs) on graphs currently under active development. In this work we focus on the equivalence of two of them, known as Szegedy's and staggered QWs. We give a formal definition of the staggered model and discuss generalized versions for searching marked vertices. Using this formal definition, we prove that any instance of Szegedy's model is equivalent to an instance of the staggered model. On the other hand, we show that there are instances of the staggered model that cannot be cast into Szegedy's framework. Our analysis also works when there are marked vertices. We show that Szegedy's spatial search algorithms can be converted into search algorithms in staggered QWs. We take advantage of the similarity of those models to define the quantum hitting time in the staggered model and to describe a method to calculate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the evolution operator of staggered QWs.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures
Optimal redundancy against disjoint vulnerabilities in networks
Creators: name: Krause, Sebastian M.
name: Danziger, Michael M.
name: Zlatić, Vinko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Redundancy is commonly used to guarantee continued functionality in networked systems. However, often many nodes are vulnerable to the same failure or adversary. A "backup" path is not sufficient if both paths depend on nodes which share a vulnerability.For example, if two nodes of the Internet cannot be connected without using routers belonging to a given untrusted entity, then all of their communication-regardless of the specific paths utilized-will be intercepted by the controlling entity.In this and many other cases, the vulnerabilities affecting the network are disjoint: each node has exactly one vulnerability but the same vulnerability can affect many nodes. To discover optimal redundancy in this scenario, we describe each vulnerability as a color and develop a "color-avoiding percolation" which uncovers a hidden color-avoiding connectivity. We present algorithms for color-avoiding percolation of general networks and an analytic theory for random graphs with uniformly distributed colors including critical phenomena. We demonstrate our theory by uncovering the hidden color-avoiding connectivity of the Internet. We find that less well-connected countries are more likely able to communicate securely through optimally redundant paths than highly connected countries like the US. Our results reveal a new layer of hidden structure in complex systems and can enhance security and robustness through optimal redundancy in a wide range of systems including biological, economic and communications networks.
description: 15 pages
Gravitational Focusing and Substructure Effects on the Rate Modulation in Direct Dark Matter Searches
Creators: name: Del Nobile, Eugenio
name: Gelmini, Graciela B.
name: Witte, Samuel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how gravitational focusing (GF) of dark matter by the Sun affects the annual and biannual modulation of the expected signal in non-directional direct dark matter searches, in the presence of dark matter substructure in the local dark halo. We consider the Sagittarius stream and a possible dark disk, and show that GF suppresses some, but not all, of the distinguishing features that would characterize substructure of the dark halo were GF neglected.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures. v2: A section with estimates of the required number of events has been added
5′ Stem-Loop of Collagen α1(I) mRNA Inhibits Translation in Vitro but Is Required for Triple Helical Collagen Synthesis in Vivo
Creators: name: Brenner, David A.
name: Stefanovic, Branko
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: The 5' stem-loop is a conserved sequence element found around the translation initiation site of three collagen mRNAs, alpha1(I), alpha2(I), and alpha1(III). We show here that the 5' stem-loop of collagen alpha1(I) mRNA is inhibitory to translation in vitro. The sequence 5' to the translation initiation codon, as a part of the 5' stem-loop, is also not efficient in initiating translation under competitive conditions. This suggests that collagen alpha1(I) mRNA may not be a good substrate for translation. Since the 5' stem-loop binds protein factors in collagen-producing cells, this binding may regulate its translation in vivo. We studied in vivo translation of collagen alpha1(I) mRNA after transfecting collagen alpha1(I) genes with and without the 5' stem-loop into Mov 13 fibroblasts. The mRNA with the alpha1(I) 5' stem-loop was translated into pepsin-resistant collagen, which was secreted into the cellular medium. This mRNA also produced more disulfide-bonded high molecular weight collagen found intracellularly. The mRNA in which the 5' stem-loop was mutated, but without affecting the coding region of the gene, was translated into pepsin-sensitive collagen and produced only trace amounts of disulfide-bonded collagen. This suggests that the 5' stem-loop is required for proper folding or stabilization of the collagen triple helix. To our knowledge this is the first example that an RNA element located in the 5'-untranslated region is involved in synthesis of a secreted multisubunit protein. We suggest that 5' stem-loop, with its cognate binding proteins, targets collagen mRNAs for coordinate translation and couples translation apparatus to the rest of the collagen biosynthetic pathway.
Supplementary Materials from Supersize me: hypotheses on torpor-assisted prehibernation fattening in a boreal bat
Creators: name: Fjelldal, Mari Aas
name: Fritzén, Niclas Robin
name: Suominen, Kati Marie
name: Lilley, Thomas
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310901
subject: Animal behaviour

description: Supplementary Materials referred to in the main text.
(1734) Richard Pope
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Random matrix ensembles for $PT$-symmetric systems
Creators: name: Graefe, Eva-Maria
name: Mudute-Ndumbe, Steve
name: Taylor, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently much effort has been made towards the introduction of non-Hermitian random matrix models respecting $PT$-symmetry. Here we show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between complex $PT$-symmetric matrices and split-complex and split-quaternionic versions of Hermitian matrices. We introduce two new random matrix ensembles of (a) Gaussian split-complex Hermitian, and (b) Gaussian split-quaternionic Hermitian matrices, of arbitrary sizes. They are related to the split signature versions of the complex and the quaternionic numbers, respectively. We conjecture that these ensembles represent universality classes for $PT$-symmetric matrices. For the case of $2\times2$ matrices we derive analytic expressions for the joint probability distributions of the eigenvalues, the one-level densities and the level spacings in the case of real eigenvalues.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, typos corrected, small changes, accepted for publication in Journal of Physics A
Quantification of Cooking Organic Aerosol in the Indoor Environment Using Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometers
Creators: name: Katz, Erin F.
name: Guo, Hongyu
name: Campuzano-Jost, Pedro
name: Day, Douglas A.
name: Brown, Wyatt L.
name: Boedicker, Erin
name: Pothier, Matson
name: Lunderberg, David M.
name: Patel, Sameer
name: Patel, Kanan
name: Hayes, Patrick L.
name: Avery, Anita
name: Ruiz, Lea Hildebrandt
name: Goldstein, Allen H.
name: Vance, Marina E.
name: Farmer, Delphine K.
name: Jimenez, Jose L.
name: DeCarlo, Peter F.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) is used extensively to study the composition of non-refractory submicron aerosol composition during atmospheric field studies. During two recent studies of indoor environments, HOMEChem and ATHLETIC, the default ambient organic aerosol AMS quantification parameters resulted in a large discrepancy with co-located instruments while sampling cooking organic aerosol (COA). Instruments agreed within uncertainty estimates during all other sampling periods. Assuming a collection efficiency (CE) of unity, adjustments to the AMS relative ionization efficiency (RIE) were required to reach agreement with co-located instruments. The range of RIECOA observed (ATHLETIC: RIECOA=4.26-4.96, HOMEChem: RIECOA=4.70-6.50) was consistent with RIE measured in the laboratory for cooking-specific molecules. These results agree with prior AMS studies which have indicated that more oxidized outdoor ambient organic aerosol has a relatively constant RIE of 1.4 ± 0.3 while more reduced organics have higher RIE. The applicability of a higher RIE was considered for two ambient datasets, and agreement between the AMS and co-located instruments improved when an increased response factor (RIE × CE) was applied to positive matrix factorization-derived primary organic aerosol (POA). Based on the observations presented here and the literature, we recommend AMS users consider applying RIECOA=4.2 to source and indoor studies of COA and evaluate a higher POA response factor of the order of ∼1.5 in outdoor studies at urban background sites, and ∼2 at sites impacted by fresh sources. This study aims to improve AMS quantification methodology for reduced POA and highlights the importance of careful intercomparisons in field studies.
EOSC-Pillar D5.9 - FAIR-oriented research data management: Support, Training and Assessment Activity Report update
Creators: name: Oset Garcia, Paula
name: Lazzeri, Emma
name: Van Nieuwerburgh, Inge
name: Czuray, Marie
name: Berberi, Lisana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: EOSC
Open Science
FAIR principles

description: This deliverable reports on the activities and results of Tasks 5.3, Helpdesk, and documentation for promoting FAIR practices and support to FAIR oriented data stewardship, and Task 5.4, Training modules on FAIR oriented research data management tools and solutions, during the second reporting period (January 1st, 2021, to December 31st, 2022). The document provides an update and builds upon the results reported in D5.4
A comparison of performance metrics for cloth masks as source control devices for simulated cough and exhalation aerosols
Creators: name: Lindsley, William G.
name: Blachere, Francoise M.
name: Beezhold, Donald H.
name: Law, Brandon F.
name: Derk, Raymond C.
name: Hettick, Justin M.
name: Woodfork, Karen
name: Goldsmith, William T.
name: Harris, James R.
name: Duling, Matthew G.
name: Boutin, Brenda
name: Nurkiewicz, Timothy
name: Boots, Theresa
name: Coyle, Jayme
name: Noti, John D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Universal mask wearing is recommended to help control the spread of COVID-19. Masks reduce the expulsion of aerosols of respiratory fluids into the environment (called source control) and offer some protection to the wearer. Masks are often characterized using filtration efficiency, airflow resistance, and manikin or human fit factors, which are standard metrics used for personal protective devices. However, none of these metrics are direct measurements of how effectively a mask blocks coughed and exhaled aerosols. We studied the source control performance of 15 cloth masks (face masks, neck gaiters, and bandanas), two medical masks, and two N95 filtering facepiece respirators by measuring their ability to block aerosols ≤7 µm expelled during simulated coughing and exhalation (called source control collection efficiency). These measurements were compared with filtration efficiencies, airflow resistances, and fit factors measured on manikin headforms and humans. Collection efficiencies for the cloth masks ranged from 17% to 71% for coughing and 35% to 66% for exhalation. Filtration efficiencies for the cloth masks ranged from 1.4% to 98%, while the fit factors were 1.3 to 7.4 on headforms and 1.0 to 4.0 on human subjects. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients between the source control collection efficiencies and the standard metrics ranged from 0.03 to 0.68 and were significant in all but two cases. However, none of the standard metrics were strongly correlated with source control performance. A better understanding of the relationships between source control collection efficiency, filtration efficiency, airflow resistance, and fit factor is needed.
EOSC-Pillar D5.4 FAIR-oriented research data management Support Training and Assessment Activity Report
Creators: name: Oset Garcia, Paula
name: Lazzeri, Emma
name: Van Nieuwerburgh, Inge
name: von Hartrott, Philipp
name: Geistberger, Julia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: EOSC
Open Science
FAIR principles

description: This deliverable reports on the activities and results of Tasks 5.3, Helpdesk and documentation for promoting FAIR practices and support to FAIR oriented data stewardship, and 5.4, Training modules on FAIR oriented research data management tools and solutions, during the reporting period July 1 2019 to Dec. 31 2020. To set up the EOSC-Pillar RDM Training and Support catalogue in Task 5.3, several related projects and initiatives were evaluated in order to define the scope of the task, and the metadata elements and controlled terms to be used in the EOSC-Pillar RDM Training and Support catalogue. This report describes the catalogue’s underlying technology and the process to add records to the catalogue. An overview of the outreach and stakeholder engagement activities is also provided. Task 5.4 was heavily affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, the activities foreseen in the original training plan (D5.3) had to be redesigned to an online environment. Motivated by the need for open data and open science manifested in the COVID-19 crisis, the training team adapted the training strategy to focus on domain specific research communities and Open Science practices. The pilot courses that were organized, together with the remaining training activities that took place during the reporting period, are summarized in the deliverable. Finally, we outline the planned activities and areas of work that have been identified for both tasks in the coming months.
Correlation of early life history traits under contrasting from Robust quantification of fish early life CO2 sensitivities via serial experimentation
Creators: name: Baumann, Hannes
name: Cross, Emma
name: Murray, Chris
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: Environmental Science

description: Bivariate Pearson correlations between M. menidia early life history traits under contrasting CO2 conditions across all 20 experiments. Significant correlations (P < 0.05) are given in bold.
Semiclassical quantisation for a bosonic atom-molecule conversion system
Creators: name: Graefe, Eva-Maria
name: Graney, Maria
name: Rush, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a simple quantum model of atom-molecule conversion where bosonic atoms can combine into diatomic molecules and vice versa. The many-particle system can be expressed in terms of the generators a deformed $SU(2)$ algebra, and the mean-field dynamics takes place on a deformed version of the Bloch sphere, a teardrop shaped surface with a cusp singularity. We analyse the mean-field and many-particle correspondence, which shows typical features of quantum-classical correspondence. We demonstrate that semiclassical methods can be employed to recover full many-particle features from the mean-field description in cold atom systems with atom-molecule conversion, and derive an analytic expression for the many-particle density of states in the limit of large particle numbers.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, corrected typos, further small changes, similar to published version
(1730) Edward Manwaring Baines
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(1732) Edward Baines M.D.
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A Conserved Region of Human Vitamin K-dependent Carboxylase between Residues 393 and 404 Is Important for Its Interaction with the Glutamate Substrate
Creators: name: Stafford, Darrel W.
name: Mutucumarana, Vasantha P.
name: Jin, Da Yun
name: Acher, Francine
name: Straight, David L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Certain individuals with combined deficiencies of vitamin K-dependent proteins have a mutation, L394R, in their gamma-glutamyl carboxylase causing impaired glutamate binding. The sequence surrounding Leu394 is similar in all known carboxylases, suggesting that the region is functionally important. To test this hypothesis we made the following mutant enzymes: W390A, Y395A, S398A, W399A, and H404A. We purified the enzymes and corrected the activity measurements for active enzyme concentration. Carboxylases W390A, S398A, and H404A had activities similar to that of wild type; however, Y395A and W399A had lower activities than did wild type. In the following descriptions we include our previously reported results for L394R. Kinetic studies with the substrate FLEEL, revealed Km values of 0.5 (wild type), 6.5 (L394R), 15 (Y395A), and 24 (W399A) mm. The kcat values relative to wild type were 51% (L394R), 1% (Y395A), and 2% (W399A). The kcat/Km values were 24-fold (L394R) and >2000-fold lower for Y395A and W399A than for wild-type carboxylase. Inhibition of FLEEL carboxylation by the competitive inhibitor, Boc-mEEV, gave Ki values of 0.013 (wild type), 1.4 (L394R), 2.1 (Y395A), and >5 (W399A) mm. The Y395A propeptide affinity was similar to that of wild type, but those of L394R and W399A were 16-22-fold less than that of wild type. Results of kinetic studies with a propeptide-containing substrate were consistent with results of propeptide binding and FLEEL kinetics. Although propeptide and vitamin K binding in some mutants were affected, our data provide compelling evidence that glutamate recognition is the primary function of the conserved region around Leu394.
Topological charges in 2d N=(2,2) theories and massive BPS states
Creators: name: Park, Daniel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how charges of global symmetries that are manifest in the ultra-violet definition of a theory are realized as topological charges in its infra-red effective theory for two-dimensional theories with $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ supersymmetry. We focus on the charges that the states living on $S^1$ carry. The central charge---or BPS masses---of the supersymmetry algebra play a crucial role in making this correspondence precise. We study two examples: $U(1)$ gauge theories with chiral matter, and world-volume theories of "dynamical surface operators" of 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ gauge theories. In the former example, we show that the flavor charges of the theory are realized as topological winding numbers in the effective theory on the Coulomb branch. In the latter, we show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between topological charges of the effective theory of the dynamical surface operator and the electric, magnetic, and flavor charges of the 4d gauge theory. We also examine the topologically charged massive BPS states on $S^1$ and discover that the massive BPS spectrum is sensitive to the radius of the circle in the simplest theory---the free theory of a periodic twisted chiral field. We clarify this behavior by showing that the massive BPS spectrum on $S^1$, unlike the BPS ground states, cannot be identified as elements of a cohomology.
description: 12 pages; v2: results generalized, appendix added following referee's recommendations
The Combinatorial World (of Auctions) According to GARP
Creators: name: Boodaghians, Shant
name: Vetta, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Revealed preference techniques are used to test whether a data set is compatible with rational behaviour. They are also incorporated as constraints in mechanism design to encourage truthful behaviour in applications such as combinatorial auctions. In the auction setting, we present an efficient combinatorial algorithm to find a virtual valuation function with the optimal (additive) rationality guarantee. Moreover, we show that there exists such a valuation function that both is individually rational and is minimum (that is, it is component-wise dominated by any other individually rational, virtual valuation function that approximately fits the data). Similarly, given upper bound constraints on the valuation function, we show how to fit the maximum virtual valuation function with the optimal additive rationality guarantee. In practice, revealed preference bidding constraints are very demanding. We explain how approximate rationality can be used to create relaxed revealed preference constraints in an auction. We then show how combinatorial methods can be used to implement these relaxed constraints. Worst/best-case welfare guarantees that result from the use of such mechanisms can be quantified via the minimum/maximum virtual valuation function.
A Role for NF-κB Essential Modifier/IκB Kinase-γ (NEMO/IKKγ) Ubiquitination in the Activation of the IκB Kinase Complex by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α
Creators: name: Tang, Eric D.
name: Guan, Kun Liang
name: Xiong, Yue
name: Wang, Cun Yu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: NEMO (NF-kappaB essential modifier)/IKKgamma (IkappaB kinase-gamma) is required for the activation of the IkappaB kinase complex (IKK) by inflammatory stimuli such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha). Here we show that TNF-alpha stimulates the ubiquitination of NEMO in a manner that does not appear to target it for degradation and that is impaired by mutations in the NEMO zinc finger. Mutations of the zinc finger are found in patients with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency (HED-ID) and lead to the impairment of TNF-alpha-stimulated IKK phosphorylation and activation. In addition, the ubiquitination of NEMO is mediated by c-IAP1, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein that is a component of the TNF receptor signaling complex. Thus, the ubiquitination of NEMO mediated by c-IAP1 likely plays an important role in the activation of IKK by TNF-alpha. Also, defective NEMO ubiquitination may be responsible for the impaired cellular NF-kappaB signaling found in patients with HED-ID.
Supplementary document for Extremely Large Nondegenerate Nonlinear Index and Phase Shift in Epsilon-Near-Zero Materials - 5992664.pdf
Creators: name: Benis, Sepehr
name: Múnera, Natalia
name: Faryadras, Sanaz
name: Van Stryland, Eric
name: Hagan, David
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Suuplemental Document
A modified Poisson-Boltzmann theory: Effects of co-solvent polarizability
Creators: name: Budkov, Y. A.
name: Kolesnikov, A. L.
name: Kiselev, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper within a field-theoretical approach taking into account explicitly a co-solvent with a nonzero dipole and a polarizability tensor, we derive a modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Applying the modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation, we formulate a generalized Gouy-Chapman theory for the case when an electrolyte solution is mixed with a polar co-solvent having a large polarizability. We show that an increase of the co-solvent concentration as well as the co-solvent polarizability lead to a significant increase of differential capacitance at sufficiently high surface potentials of the electrode, whereas the profile of the electrostatic potential becomes considerably more long-ranged. On the contrary, an increase in the permanent dipole of the co-solvent only weakly affects the differential capacitance.
A Single-stranded DNA-binding Protein of Bacteriophage T7 Defective in DNA Annealing
Creators: name: Willcox, Smaranda
name: Griffith, Jack D.
name: Richardson, Charles C.
name: Rezende, Lisa F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: The annealing of complementary strands of DNA is a vital step during the process of DNA replication, recombination, and repair. In bacteriophage T7-infected cells, the product of viral gene 2.5, a single-stranded DNA-binding protein, performs this function. We have identified a single amino acid residue in gene 2.5 protein, arginine 82, that is critical for its DNA annealing activity. Expression of gene 2.5 harboring this mutation does not complement the growth of a T7 bacteriophage lacking gene 2.5. Purified gene 2.5 protein-R82C binds single-stranded DNA with a greater affinity than the wild-type protein but does not mediate annealing of complementary strands of DNA. A carboxyl-terminal-deleted protein, gene 2.5 protein-Delta26C, binds even more tightly to single-stranded DNA than does gene 2.5 protein-R82C, but it anneals homologous strands of DNA as well as does the wild-type protein. The altered protein forms dimers and interacts with T7 DNA polymerase comparable with the wild-type protein. Gene 2.5 protein-R82C condenses single-stranded M13 DNA in a manner similar to wild-type protein when viewed by electron microscopy.
Nonlinear frequency shift of electrostatic waves in general collisionless plasma: unifying theory of fluid and kinetic nonlinearities
Creators: name: Liu, Chang
name: Dodin, Ilya Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonlinear frequency shift is derived in a transparent asymptotic form for intense Langmuir waves in general collisionless plasma. The formula describes both fluid and kinetic effects simultaneously. The fluid nonlinearity is expressed, for the first time, through the plasma dielectric function, and the kinetic nonlinearity accounts for both smooth distributions and trapped-particle beams. Various known limiting scalings are reproduced as special cases. The calculation avoids differential equations and can be extended straightforwardly to other nonlinear plasma waves.
Rethinking Referral Systems in Rural Chiapas: A Mixed-Methods StudyUntitled
Creators: name: Pavlis, William
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: International Public Health
subject: Public Health
subject: Surgery
subject: Health Services Research
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Medical Specialties

description: The purpose of this mixed methods study was to determine the effectiveness of the surgical referral system and evaluate what barriers exist for surgery patients in the referral system at hospitals operated by the Ministry of Health in Chiapas. Interviews were performed of surgical patients and healthcare workers. Publicly available hospital referral data was used for the quantitative analysis.
Adhesion Regulation of Stromal Cell-derived Factor-1 Activation of ERK in Lymphocytes by Phosphatases
Creators: name: Juliano, Rudolph L.
name: Laakko, Tonya
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: We have investigated whether chemokine signaling to the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was regulated by beta 1-integrin-mediated adhesion in B- and T-cell lines. Activation of ERK by the chemokine SDF-1 can be regulated by adhesion to beta 1-integrin substrates in the T-cell lines MOLT-3, Jurkat, and H9 and in the Daudi B-cell line. In Jurkat T-cells, adhesion to the immobilized alpha 4 beta 1-integrin ligand VCAM-1 or to the alpha 5 beta 1-integrin ligand fibronectin regulated stromal-cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) activation of ERK. Adhesion control of SDF-1 signaling was a rapid event, occurring as early as 10 min after adhesion, and loss of signaling occurred within 10 min of deadhesion. In contrast, SDF-1 activation of the ERK kinase MEK was independent of adhesion. Partial restoration of signaling to ERK in suspension was accomplished by pretreatment with pharmacological inhibitors of serine/threonine or protein-tyrosine phosphatases. In addition, we used a non-radioactive phosphatase assay using phosphorylated ERK as the substrate to determine relative ERK dephosphorylation in whole cell extracts. These results showed greater relative ERK dephosphorylation in extracts from Jurkat cells treated in suspension, as compared with adherent cells. Therefore, these data suggest that adhesion influences SDF-1 activation of ERK by regulating the activity of ERK phosphatases. This identifies a novel locus of adhesion regulation of the ERK cascade.
Predicted Impacts of Proton Temperature Anisotropy on Solar Wind Turbulence
Creators: name: Klein, Kristopher G.
name: Howes, Gregory G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particle velocity distributions measured in the weakly collisional solar wind are frequently found to be non-Maxwellian, but how these non-Maxwellian distributions impact the physics of plasma turbulence in the solar wind remains unanswered. Using numerical solutions of the linear dispersion relation for a collisionless plasma with a bi-Maxwellian proton velocity distribution, we present a unified framework for the four proton temperature anisotropy instabilities, identifying the associated stable eigenmodes, highlighting the unstable region of wavevector space, and presenting the properties of the growing eigenfunctions. Based on physical intuition gained from this framework, we address how the proton temperature anisotropy impacts the nonlinear dynamics of the \Alfvenic fluctuations underlying the dominant cascade of energy from large to small scales and how the fluctuations driven by proton temperature anisotropy instabilities interact nonlinearly with each other and with the fluctuations of the large-scale cascade. We find that the nonlinear dynamics of the large-scale cascade is insensitive to the proton temperature anisotropy, and that the instability-driven fluctuations are unlikely to cause significant nonlinear evolution of either the instability-driven fluctuations or the turbulent fluctuations of the large-scale cascade.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures, Published in Physics of Plasmas
Altered Gene Expression in Liver from a Murine Model of Hyperhomocysteinemia
Creators: name: Chassé, Jean François
name: Vayssettes, Catherine
name: Maeda, Nobuyo
name: Robert, Karine
name: London, Jacqueline
name: Kamoun, Pierre
name: Chabli, Allel
name: Aupetit, Joelle
name: Janel, Nathalie
name: Santiard-Baron, Dominique
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) deficiency causes severe hyperhomocysteinemia and other signs of homocystinuria syndrome, in particular a premature atherosclerosis with multiple thrombosis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which homocysteine could interfere with normal cell function are poorly understood in a whole organ like the liver, which is central to the catabolism of homocysteine. We used a combination of differential display and cDNA arrays to analyze differential gene expression in association with elevated hepatic homocysteine levels in CBS-deficient mice, a murine model of hyperhomocysteinemia. Expression of several genes was found to be reproducibly abnormal in the livers of heterozygous and homozygous CBS-deficient mice. We report altered expression of genes encoding ribosomal protein S3a and methylthioadenosine phosphorylase, suggesting such cellular growth and proliferation perturbations may occur in homozygous CBS-deficient mice liver. Many up- or down-regulated genes encoded cytochromes P450, evidence of perturbations of the redox potential in heterozygous and homozygous CBS-deficient mice liver. The expression of various genes involved in severe oxidative processes was also abnormal in homozygous CBS-deficient mice liver. Among them, the expression of heme oxygenase 1 gene was increased, concomitant with overexpression of heme oxygenase 1 at the protein level. Commensurate with the difference in hepatic mRNA paraoxonase 1 abundance, the mean hepatic activity of paraoxonase 1, an enzyme that protects low density lipoprotein from oxidation, was 3-fold lower in homozygous CBS-deficient mice. Heterozygous CBS-deficient mice, when fed a hyperhomocysteinemic diet, have also reduced PON1 activity, which demonstrates the effect of hyperhomocysteinemia in the paraoxonase 1 activity.
Supplementary material for 'Bio-inspired periodic panels optimised for acoustic insulation' from Bioinspired periodic panels optimized for acoustic insulation
Creators: name: Dal Poggetto, Vinícius F.
name: Pugno, Nicola M.
name: Arruda, José Roberto de F.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: Mechanics

description: The design of structures that can yield efficient sound insulation performance is a recurring topic in the acoustic engineering field. Special attention is given to panels, which can be designed using several approaches to achieve considerable sound attenuation. Previously, we have presented the concept of thickness-varying periodic plates with optimized profiles to inhibit flexural wave energy propagation. In this work, motivated by biological structures that present multiple locally resonant elements able to cause acoustic cloaking, we extend our shape optimization approach to design panels that achieve improved acoustic insulation performance using either thickness-varying profiles or locally resonant attachments. The optimization is performed using numerical models that combine the Kirchhoff plate theory and the plane wave expansion method. Our results indicate that panels based on locally resonant mechanisms have the advantage of being robust against variation in the incidence angle of acoustic excitation and, therefore, are preferred for single-leaf applications.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Wave generation and transmission in multi-scale complex media and structured metamaterials (part 2)’.