cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Digital map of groundwater vulnerability to nitrate pollution in the Ebro Hydrological District (Spain) based on the LU-IV Procedure
Creators: name: Arauzo Sánchez, Mercedes
name: Valladolid Martín, María
name: García González, Gema
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: We present a raster map of GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY TO NITRATE POLLUTION and an intermediate raster of INTRINSIC GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY. These maps effectively represent the specific vulnerability to nitrate pollution from diffuse sources according to the LU-IV Procedure (LU-IV= Land Use–Intrinsic Vulnerability) and the intrinsic vulnerability according to the IV Index (IV=Intrinsic Vulnerability) across the groundwater bodies of the Ebro Hydrological District (Arauzo, 2017; Arauzo et al. 2019, 2020).

Key specifications include:

Number of bands: 1.

Cell size: 25, 25 m.

Format: TIFF.

Spatial reference: ETRS_1989_UTM_Zone_30 Datum_ D_ETRS_1989

To generate the map legend, ensure you import the legend's colour code (leyenda_código de colour. Lyr) into ArcGIS using Layer Properties/ Symbology/ Import symbology.

 REFERENCES:

Original design, validations and applicability of the LU-IV Procedure in:

Arauzo, M. (2017). Vulnerability of groundwater resources to nitrate pollution: A simple and effective procedure for delimiting Nitrate Vulnerable Zones. Science of the Total Environment, 575: 799-812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.139

Improved design of the LU-IV Procedure in:

Arauzo, M., García, G., Valladolid, M. (2019). Assessment of the risks of N-loss to groundwater from data on N-balance surplus in Spanish crops: An empirical basis to identify Nitrate Vulnerable Zones. Science of the Total Environment, 696: 133713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133713

Application of the LU-IV Procedure to the Ebro Hydrographic District in:

Arauzo, M., Valladolid, M. García, G. (2020). Cartografía de la vulnerabilidad de las aguas subterráneas a la contaminación por nitratos de fuentes difusas en la cuenca del río Ebro (N.E. de España). Estudios Geológicos 76(2): e132. https://doi.org/10.3989/egeol.43868.586

 

THREE FOLDERS INCLUDED:

1.     LU-IV Procedure_Summary diagram and references.zip.- It includes a summary diagram and references to the LU-IV Procedure.

2.     Map of vulnerability to nitrate pollution_LU-IV Procedure_Ebro.zip.- It includes the digital map in TIFF format, metadata file, legend's colour code file and map in JPG format.

3.     Map of intrinsic vulnerability_IV Index_Ebro.zip.- It includes the digital map in TIFF format, metadata file, legend's colour code file and map in JPG format.
Open Science 101 - Parkinson's Disease Research Exchange (PDRx)
Creators: name: Erdmann, Christopher
name: Gregurick, Susan
name: Hall, Cynthia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Open Science

description: April 5, 2023, Parkinson's Disease Research Exchange (PDRx) special session on open science. In this session, we heard from the NIH and NASA on the initiatives around the White House's Year of Open Science and how the work of the PDRxcommunity applies to the broader open science landscape. Additionally, MJFF discussed how MJFF awardees can navigate and comply with our Open Access Policy and guidance on open science. We covered open science tools and approaches that can help awardees in this process. Presentations: Cynthia Hall | NASA NASA’s Transform to Open Science Celebrates a Year of Open Science Susan Gregurick | NIH A Year of Open Science: NIH Data Management and Sharing Policy Chris Erdmann | MJFF Open Science: Through the Lens of the Michael J. Fox Foundation’s Open Access Policy
Cams simensis Ruppell 1835
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Cams
Cams simensis

description: Cams simensis Ruppell, 1835. Neue Wirbelt. Fauna Abyssin. Gehörig. Saugeth., 1:39, pl. 14. TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, mountains of Simen. DISTRIBUTION: C. Ethiopia. PROTECTED STATUS: U.S. ESA - Endangered as C. (=Simia) simensis. ISIS NUMBER: 5301412001003008001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 245, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
Coral microbioreactors for model validation
Creators: name: Roger, Liza
name: Cuadras, Isaiah
name: Reich, Hannah
name: Shuaifeng Li
name: Lokender Kumar
name: Jinkyu Yang
name: Putnam, Hollie
name: Nastassja Lewinski
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2020

description: Computational methods and model predictions in biology challenge our current understanding of biological systems. Understanding intricate exchanges between coral cells and their symbiotic dinoflagellate algae and the respective needs of different cells require higher resolution. Microfluidic chips, or microbioreactors enable us to test and validate model predictions related to protein interactions and gene expression applied to the response of corals to environmental change, toxicity (e.g. microplastics), disease and healing. The design presented here offers multiple independent input/output channels to control growth media or treatment parameters (flow, temperature, composition), light (for photosynthesis) and live-imaging capabilities. Shear stress and velocity profiles were modelled for both single chamber and network configurations. Coral cells and polyps will be exposed to varying temperature, light and nanoparticle concentrations. To realize the full potential of these methods and validate response predictions, we need to bridge the gap between biocomputing outputs and process knowledge and observation. The added advantage of these designs is scalability and line assembly to simulate networks and connections between coral cells, corals cells and symbiotic algae, or polyps for better fidelity to the coral holobiont. This new microfluidic device offers a robust and adaptable design to investigate mechanisms of coral bleaching, toxicity and disease.
How Far from Jerusalem? Tropical Customs and the Question of Race in the Book of John Mandeville
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Eric S.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2014
Subjects: medieval history
medieval travel
race
John Mandeville
Astrophysics

description: The Book of John Mandeville, while ostensibly a pilgrimage guide documenting an English knight’s journey into the East, is an ideal text in which to study the developing concept of race in the European Middle Ages. The Mandeville-author’s sense of place and morality are inextricably linked to each other: Jerusalem is the center of his world, which necessarily forces Africa and Asia to occupy the spiritual periphery. Most inhabitants of Mandeville’s landscapes are not monsters in the physical sense, but at once startlingly human and irreconcilably alien in their customs. Their religious heresies, disordered sexual appetites, and monstrous acts of cannibalism label them as fallen state of the European Christian self. Mandeville’s monstrosities lie not in the fantastical, but the disturbingly familiar, coupling recognizable humans with a miscarriage of natural law. In using real people to illustrate the moral degeneracy of the tropics, Mandeville’s ethnography helps shed light on the missing link between medieval monsters and modern race theory.
Transmission electron microscopy and ferromagnetic resonance investigations of tunnel magnetic junctions using Co2MnGe Heusler alloy as magnetic electrodes
Creators: name: Belmeguenai, M.
name: Genevois, C.
name: Zighem, F.
name: Roussigné, Y.
name: Chérif, S-M.
name: Westerholt, K.
name: Bahoui, A. El
name: Fnidiki, A.
name: Moch, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HRTEM, nano-beam electronic diffraction, energy dispersive X-rays scanning spectroscopy, Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) and FerroMagnetic Resonance (FMR) techniques are used in view of comparing (static and dynamic) magnetic and structural properties of Co2MnGe (13 nm)/Al2O3 (3 nm)/Co (13 nm) tunnel magnetic junctions (TMJ), deposited on various single crystalline substrates (a-plane sapphire, MgO(100) and Si(111)). They allow for providing a correlation between these magnetic properties and the fine structure investigated at atomic scale. The Al2O3 tunnel barrier is always amorphous and contains a large concentration of Co atoms, which, however, is significantly reduced when using a sapphire substrate. The Co layer is polycrystalline and shows larger grains for films grown on a sapphire substrate. The VSM investigation reveals in-plane anisotropy only for samples grown on a sapphire substrate. The FMR spectra of the TMJs are compared to the obtained ones with a single Co and Co2MnGe films of identical thickness deposited on a sapphire substrate. As expected, two distinct modes are detected in the TMJs while only one mode is observed in each single film. For the TMJ grown on a sapphire substrate the FMR behavior does not significantly differ from the superposition of the individual spectra of the single films, allowing for concluding that the exchange coupling between the two magnetic layers is too small to give rise to observable shifts. For TMJs grown on a Si or on a MgO substrate the resonance spectra reveal one mode which is nearly identical to the obtained one in the single Co film, while the other observed resonance shows a considerably smaller intensity and cannot be described using the magnetic parameters appropriate to the single Co2MnGe film.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, Thin Solid Films
Experiment 1 â€“ all 30 Trials from Quality–quantity trade-off in the acquisition of token preference by capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.)
Creators: name: E. Quintiero
name: S. Gastaldi
name: Petrillo, F. De
name: Addessi, E.
name: Bourgeois-Gironde, S.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Money represents a cornerstone of human modern economies and how money emerged as a medium of exchange is a crucial question for social sciences. Although non-human primates have not developed monetary systems, they can estimate, combine and exchange tokens. Here, we evaluated quantity-quality trade-offs in token choices in tufted capuchin monkeys as a first step in the investigation of the generalizability of tokens as reinforcers, which is a potentially relevant factor underlying the emergence of money in humans. We measured capuchins' exchange preferences when they were repeatedly provided with 10 units of three token types yielding food combinations varying in quantity and quality. Overall, capuchins maximized their quantitative payoff, preferring tokens associated with a higher food amount, rather than showing violations of rationality. However, some individuals did not maximize their qualitative payoff, possibly because of conditional valuation effects or to the choice overload phenomenon, according to which too many options reduce the accuracy of choice. Our study supports the importance of comparative research to finely analyse the multiple components shaping the economic behaviours of other species, possibly to achieve a more comprehensive, evolutionary- and ecologically based understanding of human economic behaviour.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates’.
Modification of phase structure of black D6 branes in a canonical ensemble and its origin
Creators: name: Lu, J. X.
name: Ouyang, J.
name: Roy, Shibaji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that charged black $Dp$ branes of type II string theory share a universal phase structure of van der Waals$-$Maxwell liquid-gas type except $D5$ and $D6$ branes. Interestingly, the phase structure of $D5$ and $D6$ branes can be changed to the universal form with the inclusion of particular delocalized charged lower-dimensional branes. For $D5$ branes one needs to introduce delocalized $D1$ branes, and for $D6$ branes, one needs to introduce delocalized $D0$ branes to obtain the universal structure. In a previous paper [J. High Energy Phys. {\bf 04} (2013) 100] Lu with Wei study the phase structure of black $D6$ branes with the introduction of delocalized $D0$ branes in a special case when their charges are equal and the dilaton charge vanishes. In this paper, we look at the phase structure of the black $D6/D0$ system with the generic values of the parameters, which makes the analysis more involved but the structure more rich. We also provide reasons why the respective modifications of the phase structures to the universal form for the black $D5$ and $D6$ branes occur when specific delocalized lower-dimensional branes are introduced.
description: 36 pages, 11 Figures, added discussion on the possible dual field theory, references added, minor change of the title, publised in PRD
Convex Model Predictive Control for Vehicular Systems
Creators: name: Huang, Tiffany Amy
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: model predictive control
subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: Motion planning
subject: UAV
subject: aerospace systems

description: In this work, the author presents a method called Convex Model Predictive Control (CMPC) to control systems whose states are elements of the rotation matrices SO(n) for n = 2, 3. This is done without charts or any local linearization, and instead is performed by operating over the orbitope of rotation matrices. This results in a novel model predictive control (MPC) scheme without the drawbacks associated with conventional linearization techniques such as slow computation time and local minima. Of particular emphasis is the application to aeronautical and vehicular systems, wherein the method removes many of the trigonometric terms associated with these systems’ state space equations. Furthermore, the method is shown to be compatible with many existing variants of MPC, including obstacle avoidance via Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP).
Residual discrete symmetry of the five-state clock model
Creators: name: Baek, Seung Ki
name: Mäkelä, Harri
name: Minnhagen, Petter
name: Kim, Beom Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well-known that the $q$-state clock model can exhibit a Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition if $q$ is equal to or greater than a certain threshold, which has been believed to be five. However, recent numerical studies indicate that helicity modulus does not vanish in the high-temperature phase of the five-state clock model as predicted by the KT scenario. By performing Monte Carlo calculations under the fluctuating twist boundary condition, we show that it is because the five-state clock model does not have the fully continuous U(1) symmetry even in the high-temperature phase while the six-state clock model does. We suggest that the upper transition of the five-state clock model is actually a weaker cousin of the KT transition so that it is $q \ge 6$ that exhibits the genuine KT behavior.
description: 13 pages, 17 figures
Linear Stabily analysis of hydromagnetic Couette flow with small injection/suction through the modified Orr-Sommerfeld equation
Creators: name: Hinvi, L. A.
name: Monwanou, A. V.
name: Orou, J. B. Chabi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper analyses the effects of small injection/suction Reynolds number, Hartmann number, permeability parameter and wave number on a viscous incompressilbe electrically conduction fluid flow in a parallel porous channel. The plates of the channel with small constant injection/suction, have constant temperature. The upper plate is allowed to mouve in flow direction and the lower plate is kept at rest. A magnetic field of uniform strength is also applied normally to the plates what are parallel. The originality of the paper is to study the effect of the above parameter in temporal linear stabilty analysis of the flow throught the modified Orr-Sommerfeld equation.
Foam fractionation coupled to electrochemical degradation for treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in contaminated water – a pilot scale study
Creators: name: Smith, Sanne
name: Wiberg, Karin
name: McCleaf, Philip
name: Hollman, Patrik
name: Ahrens, Lutz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Presentation at SETAC Europe 32d Annual Meeting, Copenhagen (May 2022) Abstract: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have become increasingly infamous over the past decades for their persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic properties. They are ubiquitous in the aqueous environment and exceptionally difficult to remove or degrade. Foam fractionation is a relatively easy and cheap novel water treatment method that can achieve competitive PFAS removal. It works by bubbling air through the contaminated water and separating a foam fraction from the liquid phase. The foam fraction is enriched in PFAS, whereas the effluent water is relatively PFAS-free. Further treatment of the foam in an electrochemical degradation system provides a compact, robust and effective treatment train for on-site remediation of PFAS-contaminated water. In the current study, a pilot-scale electrochemical reactor with boron-doped diamond anodes was used in batch mode to degrade PFAS in landfill leachate and groundwater. Additionally, an optimized continuous process for PFAS removal from leachate water was developed using a pilot-scale foam fractionation system. This optimized process was then used to treat both groundwater and leachate and produce PFAS-depleted effluent and PFAS-enriched foam. The foam was subsequently treated electrochemically as well, to assess the performance of the proposed treatment scheme as compared to using either of the techniques separately. The presented work was the first to explore these two technologies as a treatment train. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, no pilot-scale investigations using real water have been conducted prior to this research. The highest ΣPFAS degradations reached in leachate and groundwater were 78 % and 82 %, respectively. Production of short-chain PFAS was observed during the degradation process, which indicates that the degradation follows a step-wise mechanism. In the foam fractionation process, ΣPFAS removal reached approximately 60 %, but the removal of individual long-chain compounds exceeded 90 %. For the electrochemical degradation of the produced foam, modifications to the electrochemical reactor were required to prevent overflow of foam. The electrochemical ΣPFAS degradation in the foam reached approximately 68 %. The findings will be of interest to a wide range of stakeholders who are trying to decrease their aqueous PFAS contamination to acceptable levels.
Experiment 2 â€“ all 30 Trials from Quality–quantity trade-off in the acquisition of token preference by capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.)
Creators: name: E. Quintiero
name: S. Gastaldi
name: Petrillo, F. De
name: Addessi, E.
name: Bourgeois-Gironde, S.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Money represents a cornerstone of human modern economies and how money emerged as a medium of exchange is a crucial question for social sciences. Although non-human primates have not developed monetary systems, they can estimate, combine and exchange tokens. Here, we evaluated quantity-quality trade-offs in token choices in tufted capuchin monkeys as a first step in the investigation of the generalizability of tokens as reinforcers, which is a potentially relevant factor underlying the emergence of money in humans. We measured capuchins' exchange preferences when they were repeatedly provided with 10 units of three token types yielding food combinations varying in quantity and quality. Overall, capuchins maximized their quantitative payoff, preferring tokens associated with a higher food amount, rather than showing violations of rationality. However, some individuals did not maximize their qualitative payoff, possibly because of conditional valuation effects or to the choice overload phenomenon, according to which too many options reduce the accuracy of choice. Our study supports the importance of comparative research to finely analyse the multiple components shaping the economic behaviours of other species, possibly to achieve a more comprehensive, evolutionary- and ecologically based understanding of human economic behaviour.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates’.
Webinar: Data Protection in Research – EU Regulations, Open Science & Anonymization
Creators: name: Bodlos, Anita
name: Hirsch, Lisa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This webinar, focused on social science, outlines relevant aspects of European data protection legislation (GDPR) for researchers processing personal data and the challenges that arise from Open Science requirements. It describes important aspects of consent forms which frequently are the legal basis for processing personal data in Social Sciences. Finally, the webinar explains how researchers can anonymize data for archiving, publication, and re-use.
Scandal, Sukyandaru, and Chouwen
Creators: name: Liebman, Benjamin L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: International law
subject: Chinese--Legal status, laws, etc.
subject: Comparative government
subject: Japanese--Legal status, laws, etc.
subject: Libel and slander
subject: Scandals
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This review of Mark West's book -- Secrets, Sex and Spectacle -- proceeds in four parts. Part I describes West's account of scandal in Japan and the United States and explores some of the ramifications of his account. Part II examines the formation of scandal in contemporary China. Part III compares scandal in China with West's conclusions about scandal in Japan and the United States. Part IV discusses defamation litigation in China, with a view to adding further comparative insight to West's discussion of Japanese libel suits.
Experiment 2 â€“ Trials 1-10 from Quality–quantity trade-off in the acquisition of token preference by capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.)
Creators: name: E. Quintiero
name: S. Gastaldi
name: Petrillo, F. De
name: Addessi, E.
name: Bourgeois-Gironde, S.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Money represents a cornerstone of human modern economies and how money emerged as a medium of exchange is a crucial question for social sciences. Although non-human primates have not developed monetary systems, they can estimate, combine and exchange tokens. Here, we evaluated quantity-quality trade-offs in token choices in tufted capuchin monkeys as a first step in the investigation of the generalizability of tokens as reinforcers, which is a potentially relevant factor underlying the emergence of money in humans. We measured capuchins' exchange preferences when they were repeatedly provided with 10 units of three token types yielding food combinations varying in quantity and quality. Overall, capuchins maximized their quantitative payoff, preferring tokens associated with a higher food amount, rather than showing violations of rationality. However, some individuals did not maximize their qualitative payoff, possibly because of conditional valuation effects or to the choice overload phenomenon, according to which too many options reduce the accuracy of choice. Our study supports the importance of comparative research to finely analyse the multiple components shaping the economic behaviours of other species, possibly to achieve a more comprehensive, evolutionary- and ecologically based understanding of human economic behaviour.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates’.
Higher derivative corrections of $f(R)$ gravity with varying equation of state in the case of variable $G$ and $Λ$
Creators: name: Khurshudyan, M.
name: Pourhassan, B.
name: Pasqua, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study three models of f(R) modified gravity including higher order terms based on different equation of state parameter. We also assume variable G and $Λ$. By using numerical analysis, we obtain the behavior of some important cosmological parameters, like the Hubble expansion H parameter and the deceleration parameter q. The statefinder diagnostics is also performed for all models.
description: Accepted in Can. J. Phys
Experiment 3 â€“ all 10 Trials from Quality–quantity trade-off in the acquisition of token preference by capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.)
Creators: name: E. Quintiero
name: S. Gastaldi
name: Petrillo, F. De
name: Addessi, E.
name: Bourgeois-Gironde, S.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Money represents a cornerstone of human modern economies and how money emerged as a medium of exchange is a crucial question for social sciences. Although non-human primates have not developed monetary systems, they can estimate, combine and exchange tokens. Here, we evaluated quantity-quality trade-offs in token choices in tufted capuchin monkeys as a first step in the investigation of the generalizability of tokens as reinforcers, which is a potentially relevant factor underlying the emergence of money in humans. We measured capuchins' exchange preferences when they were repeatedly provided with 10 units of three token types yielding food combinations varying in quantity and quality. Overall, capuchins maximized their quantitative payoff, preferring tokens associated with a higher food amount, rather than showing violations of rationality. However, some individuals did not maximize their qualitative payoff, possibly because of conditional valuation effects or to the choice overload phenomenon, according to which too many options reduce the accuracy of choice. Our study supports the importance of comparative research to finely analyse the multiple components shaping the economic behaviours of other species, possibly to achieve a more comprehensive, evolutionary- and ecologically based understanding of human economic behaviour.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates’.
Recent Legislation: Congress Imposes New Restrictions on Use of Funds by the Legal Services Corporation
Creators: name: Liebman, Benjamin L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Constitutional law
subject: Constitutional history
subject: Due process of law
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Many in the legal services community have been reluctant to oppose the Omnibus
Consolidated Rescissions and Appropriations Act of 1996 (OCRAA), fearful that any challenge might incite congressional Republicans to actualize threats to eliminate Legal Services Corporation (LSC) altogether. The Act must be challenged, however, for it sets a dangerous precedent. Congress cannot control the speech of private actors, and the congressional hold on the federal purse strings should not be permitted, whether by intimidation or by legislation, to insulate congressional activity from judicial scrutiny.
Class Action Litigation in China
Creators: name: Liebman, Benjamin L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Chinese--Legal status, laws, etc.
subject: Class actions (Civil procedure)
subject: Civil procedure
subject: Law reform
subject: International law
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Class struggle has moved to China's courtrooms. Since the passage of China's 1991 Civil Procedure Law (CPL), which explicitly permits class action litigation, multiplaintiff groups have brought suits seeking compensation for harm caused by pollution, false advertising, contract violations, and securities law violations. Although administrative bodies continue to resolve most disputes in China, the increasing prevalence of class actions is one aspect of an explosion in civil litigation over the past decade. Class action litigation has the potential to alter the role courts play in adjudicating disputes, increase access to the courts, and facilitate the independence of the legal profession. The undeveloped status of class action litigation in China, the paucity of written materials on class actions, the absence of statistics on its incidence, and the development of class actions within a legal system undergoing radical change impede any attempt to draw broad conclusions concerning the significance of class action litigation in China. However, China's experience with class action legislation and litigation illuminates both its experimental approach to law reform and the evolving roles of courts, individuals, and lawyers within the Chinese legal system. As China's leaders struggle to determine whether they can foster a law-based society without losing control, class actions provide a window on fundamental tensions in the Chinese legal system: between a government policy of increasing the importance of the courts, in part to force local officials to obey the law, and a system still inhospitable to plaintiffs; between government's desire to harness a market-driven legal profession to further law implementation and its desire to continue to regulate lawyers tightly; and between government efforts to shape the legal system and the plurality of factors that contribute to the evolution of that system.
British Columbia Legislative Assembly sessional clipping book (1957-02)
Creators: name: :Unav
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: British Columbia. Legislative Assembly
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/600765
subject: Law
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/993678
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Politics and government
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1919741

description: These Sessional Clippings books cover the period 1891 to 1972, and include newspaper accounts written by various legislative reporters who covered debates occurring in the British Columbia Legislative Assembly. Transcripts of debates of the Legislative Assembly (Hansard) were not published in B.C. until 1970; hence these "Sessional Clipping Books" augment the "Journals", the record of daily proceedings of the Legislative Assembly. Selected clippings from various newspapers including the Vancouver Sun, the Vancouver Province, the Colonist, and the Times newspapers, relating to the newspaper reports concerning activities of the Legislature. The original sessional clippings books comprise 351 ledger size print volumes, held at the Legislative Library in Victoria BC. The print volumes were microfilmed onto 26 reels in 1977 under a Tri University Libraries (TRIUL) project by Precision Micrographic Services (Vancouver, B.C.), with the permission of the Legislative Library, Victoria, British Columbia. This digital collection was created by scanning the 26 microfilm reels.
Soda foliosa Akhani
Creators: name: Sukhorukov, Alexander P.
name: Kushunina, Maria A.
name: Stepanova, Nina Yu.
name: Kalmykova, Olga G.
name: Golovanov, Yaroslav M.
name: Sennikov, Alexander N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Caryophyllales
Amaranthaceae
Soda
Soda foliosa

description: Soda foliosa (L.) Akhani
Soda foliosa (L.) Akhani, Front. Pl. Sci. 11-546518: 30 (2020) ≡ Anabasis foliosa L., Sp. Pl. 1: 223 (1753) ≡ Salsola foliosa (L.) Schrad. ex Schult. in Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 [bis], 6: 235 (1820) ≡ Neocaspia foliosa (L.) Tzvel., Ukr. Bot. Zhurn. 50 (1): 81 (1993).
Native status
Native.
Conservation status
Least Concern (LC).
The species is found in two localities in the south-eastern part of the territory. Despite its limited distribution, its habitats (saline lands) are not under threat and the populations show no tendency to decline.
Distribution
Orenburg Region: Svetlyi District (Fig. 77).
Previous reports: Iljin (1930), Ryabinina (1998), Knjazev (2009).
The species occurs on saline soils and limestones. It is sporadically observed in the easternmost part of the Region.
The species is distributed in Eastern Europe (south-eastern part), Kazakhstan, western China, Mongolia.
description: Published as part of Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Kushunina, Maria A., Stepanova, Nina Yu., Kalmykova, Olga G., Golovanov, Yaroslav M. & Sennikov, Alexander N., 2024, Taxonomic inventory and distributions of Chenopodiaceae (Amaranthaceae s. l.) in Orenburg Region, Russia, pp. e 121541 in Biodiversity Data Journal 12 on page e121541, DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.12.e121541
On the line profile changes observed during the X2.2 class flare in the active region NOAA 11158
Creators: name: Bayanna, A. Raja
name: Kumar, Brajesh
name: Venkatakrishnan, P.
name: Mathew, Shibu K
name: Ravindra, B.
name: Mathur, Savita
name: Garcia, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The solar active region NOAA 11158 produced a series of flares during its passage through the solar disk. The first major flare (of class X2.2) of the current solar cycle occurred in this active region on 2011 February 15 around 01:50 UT. We have analyzed the Dopplergrams and magnetograms obtained by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) instrument onboard Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) to examine the photospheric velocity and magnetic field changes associated with this flare. The HMI instrument provides high-quality Doppler and magnetic maps of the solar disk at 0.5 arcsec spatial scale at a cadence of 45 s along with imaging spectroscopy. We have identified five locations of velocity transients in the active region during the flare. These transient velocity signals are located in and around the flare ribbons as observed by Hinode in Ca II H wavelength and the footpoints of hard X-ray enhancement in the energy range 12-25 keV from RHESSI. The changes in shape and width of two circular polarization states have been observed at the time of transients in three out of five locations. Forward modeling of the line profiles shows that the change in atmospheric parameters such as magnetic field strength, Doppler velocity and source function could explain the observed changes in the line profiles with respect to the pre-flare condition.
description: Accepted for publication in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Experiment 1 â€“ Trials 1-10 from Quality–quantity trade-off in the acquisition of token preference by capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.)
Creators: name: E. Quintiero
name: S. Gastaldi
name: Petrillo, F. De
name: Addessi, E.
name: Bourgeois-Gironde, S.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Money represents a cornerstone of human modern economies and how money emerged as a medium of exchange is a crucial question for social sciences. Although non-human primates have not developed monetary systems, they can estimate, combine and exchange tokens. Here, we evaluated quantity-quality trade-offs in token choices in tufted capuchin monkeys as a first step in the investigation of the generalizability of tokens as reinforcers, which is a potentially relevant factor underlying the emergence of money in humans. We measured capuchins' exchange preferences when they were repeatedly provided with 10 units of three token types yielding food combinations varying in quantity and quality. Overall, capuchins maximized their quantitative payoff, preferring tokens associated with a higher food amount, rather than showing violations of rationality. However, some individuals did not maximize their qualitative payoff, possibly because of conditional valuation effects or to the choice overload phenomenon, according to which too many options reduce the accuracy of choice. Our study supports the importance of comparative research to finely analyse the multiple components shaping the economic behaviours of other species, possibly to achieve a more comprehensive, evolutionary- and ecologically based understanding of human economic behaviour.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates’.
Table S1 from Quality–quantity trade-off in the acquisition of token preference by capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.)
Creators: name: E. Quintiero
name: S. Gastaldi
name: Petrillo, F. De
name: Addessi, E.
name: Bourgeois-Gironde, S.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Money represents a cornerstone of human modern economies and how money emerged as a medium of exchange is a crucial question for social sciences. Although non-human primates have not developed monetary systems, they can estimate, combine and exchange tokens. Here, we evaluated quantity-quality trade-offs in token choices in tufted capuchin monkeys as a first step in the investigation of the generalizability of tokens as reinforcers, which is a potentially relevant factor underlying the emergence of money in humans. We measured capuchins' exchange preferences when they were repeatedly provided with 10 units of three token types yielding food combinations varying in quantity and quality. Overall, capuchins maximized their quantitative payoff, preferring tokens associated with a higher food amount, rather than showing violations of rationality. However, some individuals did not maximize their qualitative payoff, possibly because of conditional valuation effects or to the choice overload phenomenon, according to which too many options reduce the accuracy of choice. Our study supports the importance of comparative research to finely analyse the multiple components shaping the economic behaviours of other species, possibly to achieve a more comprehensive, evolutionary- and ecologically based understanding of human economic behaviour.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates’.
Anabasis foliosa Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Caryophyllales
Amaranthaceae
Anabasis
Anabasis foliosa

description: Anabasis foliosa, spec. nov.
 2. Anabasis foliis subclavatis. Amoen. acad. 2. p.347.
 Kali bacciferum, foliis clavatis. Buxb. cent. 1. p.12. t.12. f.1.
 Habitat ad maris Caspii litora. ☉
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 223, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
The Supreme Court, 1996 Term - Leading Cases, Old Chief v. United States
Creators: name: Liebman, Benjamin L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Federal Rules of Evidence (United States)
subject: Judicial process
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Rule 403 - Unfair Prejudice. - The Supreme Court has seldom scrutinized Federal Rule of Evidence 403, which allows exclusion of relevant evidence "if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice," despite the rule's position as "the cornerstone" of the Federal Rules of Evidence. While commentators have debated Rule 403's impact on the common law of evidence, the constitutional presumption of innocence, and the structure of trials, the Court has avoided providing detailed guidance as to the proper application of the rule.' Last Term, in Old Chief v. United States, the Court addressed one outstanding issue under Rule 403, ruling that a trial court abuses its discretion when, in a prosecution for possession of a handgun by a felon, it admits evidence of the name or nature of the defendant's prior conviction despite the defendant's offer to stipulate to his or her felon status. In holding that the risk of unfair prejudice from such evidence outweighs its probative value, the Court correctly resolved one aspect of the "most frequently litigated issue under Rule 403"9 and provided a useful framework for analyzing other applications of the rule. Yet the Court's broad reaffirmation of the prosecution's right to narrative integrity muddied the Court's ruling.
Watchdog or Demagogue?  The Media in the Chinese Legal System
Creators: name: Liebman, Benjamin L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: International law
subject: Chinese--Legal status, laws, etc.
subject: Courts
subject: Mass media
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Multimedia systems

description: Over the past decade, the Chinese media have emerged as among the most influential actors in the Chinese legal system. As media commercialization and increased editorial discretion have combined with growing attention to social and legal problems, the media have gained incentives to expand their traditional mouthpiece roles in new directions. As a result, the media have emerged as one of the most effective and important avenues of citizen redress. Their role in the legal system, however, has also brought them increasingly into conflict with China’s courts. This Article examines the implications of the media’s roles in the Chinese legal system for China’s legal development. It shows how media commercialization has resulted in incentives for the media to expand the scope of critical reporting, to challenge propaganda department content regulations, and to influence court decisionmaking. This Article details four distinct mechanisms by which the media influence China’s courts, demonstrating that the media’s effectiveness and influence stem from a combination of their continued position as an arm of the Party-state and their ability to reflect and create public opinion. Media commercialization may be reinforcing traditional norms of Party-state interference in the courts, while at the same time media scrutiny increasingly highlights problems in the Chinese justice system. Despite significant reforms and increasing caseloads, the authority of China’s courts remains limited. Yet the media’s ability to enjoy significant autonomy within the confines of Party supervision also suggests that a similar model of autonomy may be possible, and is perhaps already emerging, for China’s courts.
title: Sol In Geminis Gemina Charitate Dei Et Proximi Infulatus Divus Joannes Nepomucenus; 1718
title: ... Neo Pragae in Sacello Suo Vigesima Secunda Currentis Artemisij Pro Solenni consueto Panegyrico Exhibitus
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Terman, Josephus Adalbertus Johannes Nepomucenus
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2013

description: Erscheinungsjahr nach einem Chronogramm
Hydroxyl, water, ammonia, carbon monoxide and neutral carbon towards the Sgr A complex
Creators: name: Karlsson, Roland
name: Sandqvist, Aage
name: Hjalmarson, Åke
name: Winnberg, Anders
name: Fathi, Kambiz
name: Frisk, Urban
name: Olberg, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observed OH, H$_2$O, HN$_3$, C$^{18}$O, and C$_I$ towards the +50 km/s cloud (M-0.02-0.07), the CND and the +20 km/s (M-0.13-0.08) cloud in the Sgr A complex with the VLA, Odin and SEST. Strong OH absorption, H$_2$O emission and absorption lines were seen at all three positions. Strong C$^{18}$O emissions were seen towards the +50 and +20 km/s clouds. The CND is rich in H$_2$O and OH, and these abundances are considerably higher than in the surrounding clouds, indicating that shocks, star formation and clump collisions prevail in those objects. A comparison with the literature reveals that it is likely that PDR chemistry including grain surface reactions, and perhaps also the influences of shocks has led to the observed abundances of the observed molecular species studied here. In the redward high-velocity line wings of both the +50 and +20 km/s clouds and the CND, the very high H$_2$O abundances are suggested to be caused by the combined action of shock desorption from icy grain mantles and high-temperature, gas-phase shock chemistry. Only three of the molecules are briefly discussed here. For OH and H$_2$O three of the nine observed positions are shown, while a map of the C$^{18}$O emission is provided. An extensive paper was recently published with Open Access (Karlsson et al. 2013; http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2013/06/aa20471-12.pdf ).
description: Proc. of a Conf. on IAU Symposium No.303: The Galactic Center: Feeding and Feedback in a Normal Galactic Nucleus 2013, Santa Fe, NM (USA)
Leniency in Chinese Criminal Law? Everyday Justice in Henan
Creators: name: Liebman, Benjamin L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: International law
subject: Administrative procedure
subject: Criminal law
subject: Chinese--Legal status, laws, etc.
subject: Judgments
subject: Courts
subject: Law reform
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This Article examines one year of publicly available criminal judgments from a basic-level rural county court and an intermediate court in Henan Province in order to better understand trends in routine criminal adjudication in China. I present an account of ordinary criminal justice in China that is both familiar and striking: a system that treats serious crimes, in particular those affecting State interests, harshly, while at the same time acting leniently in routine cases. Most significantly, examination of more than five hundred court decisions shows the vital role that settlement plays in criminal cases in China today. Defendants who agree to compensate their victims receive strikingly lighter sentences than those who do not. Likewise, settlement plays a role in resolving even serious crimes, at times appearing to make the difference between life and death for criminal defendants. My account of ordinary cases in China contrasts with most Western accounts of the Chinese criminal justice system, which focus on sensational cases of injustice and the prevalence of harsh punishments. The evidence I present provides insight into the roles being played by the Chinese criminal justice system and the functions of courts in that system. This Article also provides empirical evidence that contributes to debates on a range of other issues, including the relationship of formal law to community norms in Chinese criminal justice, the roles of witnesses and lawyers, the function of appellate review, and how the system confronts and handles a range of high-profile topics. My findings also contribute to literature on courts in authoritarian regimes and the evolution of authoritarian