cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on Integrated Care from an Ontario Pilot of Bundled Payments
Creators: name: Laxton, Samantha
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020
Subjects: Bundled Care
Bundled payments
Integrated care
Health system integration
Health financing

description: This thesis organizes information that will help to inform bundled payment strategies, programmatic design, and decision making for key stakeholders to improve integrated care in local health systems. We aim to contribute to the advancement of integrated care literature, policy, and practice by clarifying how health system integration unravels in practice when implementing bundled payments. The objective of this study is to understand why and how Bundled Care enabled integrated care in Ontario’s health system. A qualitative, exploratory research design was used to collect data, guided by the Quadruple Aim framework and the Rainbow Model of Integrated Care. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with health system quality improvement experts in Ontario, Canada. Deductive and inductive data analysis methods, as informed by Hennick et al. (2011), were used. Results identified the need for Bundled Care, the outcomes of Bundled Care across macro, meso, and micro levels of the health system, and key factors of how Bundled Care processes contributed to health system integration. Study findings indicate that significant upfront investments and alignment across the health system is necessary when designing and implementing bundled payments. This study demonstrates how adapting one component within a health system (financing) influences other sub-systems in pursuit of the Quadruple Aim. The results can be used by individuals and organizations accountable for driving more integrated services in their local health system through the design and implementation of bundled payments.
Strong Coupling Thermodynamics and Stochastic Thermodynamics from the Unifying Perspective of Time-Scale Separation
Creators: name: Ding, Mingnan
name: Tu, Zhanchun
name: Xing, Xiangjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assuming time-scale separation, a simple and unified theory of thermodynamics and stochastic thermodynamics is constructed for small classical systems strongly interacting with its environment in a controllable fashion. The total Hamiltonian is decomposed into a bath part and a system part, the latter being the Hamiltonian of mean force. Both the conditional equilibrium of bath and the reduced equilibrium of the system are described by canonical ensemble theories with respect to their own Hamiltonians. The bath free energy is independent of the system variables and the control parameter. Furthermore, the weak coupling theory of stochastic thermodynamics becomes applicable almost verbatim, even if the interaction and correlation between the system and its environment are strong and varied externally. Finally, this TSS-based approach also leads to some new insights about the origin of the second law of thermodynamics.
description: 12 pages
Two-Dimensional Bipolar Magnetic Semiconductor with High Curie Temperature and Electrically Controllable Spin Polarization Realized in Exfoliated Cr(pyrazine)$_2$ Monolayer
Creators: name: Li, Xiangyang
name: Lv, Haifeng
name: Liu, Xiaofeng
name: Wu, Xiaojun
name: Li, Xingxing
name: Yang, Jinlong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exploring two-dimensional (2D) magnetic semiconductors with room temperature magnetic ordering and electrically controllable spin polarization is a highly desirable but challenging task for nanospintronics. Here, through first principles calculations, we propose to realize such a material by exfoliating the recently synthesized organometallic layered crystal Li$_{0.7}$[Cr(pyz)$_2$]Cl$_{0.7}$0.25$\cdot$(THF) (pyz = pyrazine, THF = tetrahydrofuran) [Science 370, 587 (2020)]. The feasibility of exfoliation is confirmed by the rather low exfoliation energy of 0.27 J/m$^2$, even smaller than that of graphite. In exfoliated Cr(pyz)$_2$ monolayer, each pyrazine ring grabs one electron from the Cr atom to become a radical anion, then a strong $d$-$p$ direct exchange magnetic interaction emerges between Cr cations and pyrazine radicals, resulting in room temperature ferrimagnetism with a Curie temperature of 342 K. Moreover, Cr(pyz)$_2$ monolayer is revealed to be an intrinsic bipolar magnetic semiconductor where electrical doping can induce half-metallic conduction with controllable spin-polarization direction.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
An in-depth study of a neutron star accreting at low Eddington rate: On the possibility of a truncated disk and an outflow
Creators: name: Degenaar, N.
name: Pinto, C.
name: Miller, J. M.
name: Wijnands, R.
name: Altamirano, D.
name: Paerels, F.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Chakrabarty, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to observational challenges our knowledge of low-level accretion flows around neutron stars is limited. We present Nustar, Swift and Chandra observations of the low-mass X-ray binary IGR J17062-6143, which has been persistently accreting at ~0.1 per cent of the Eddington limit since 2006. Our simultaneous Nustar/Swift observations show that the 0.5-79 keV spectrum can be described by a combination of a power law with a photon index of Gamma~2, a black body with a temperature of kT_bb~0.5 keV (presumably arising from the neutron star surface), and disk reflection. Modeling the reflection spectrum suggests that the inner accretion disk was located at R_in>100 GM/c2 (>225 km) from the neutron star. The apparent truncation may be due to evaporation of the inner disk into a radiatively-inefficient accretion flow, or due to the pressure of the neutron star magnetic field. Our Chandra gratings data reveal possible narrow emission lines near 1 keV that can be modeled as reflection or collisionally-ionized gas, and possible low-energy absorption features that could point to the presence of an outflow. We consider a scenario in which this neutron star has been able to sustain its low accretion rate through magnetic inhibition of the accretion flow, which gives some constraints on its magnetic field strength and spin period. In this configuration, IGR J17062-6143 could exhibit a strong radio jet as well as a (propeller-driven) wind-like outflow.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, to appear in MNRAS
Final Report on ethical issues (D.7.23)
Creators: name: Hollestelle, Marieke
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: In this report an ethics framework is presented followed by a discussion on important ethical principles to overcome ethical issues and to help guide the development of a Learning Healthcare System for pregnant and breastfeeding people, which in turn could be used for the development of the ConcePTION ecosystem.
Navigating the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) landscape: constructing a robust and reliable scoring engine
Creators: name: Joerg R. Osterrieder
name: Koenigstein, Nicole
name: Misheva, Branka Hadji
name: Baals, Lennart
name: Liu, Yiting
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Business Administration, Management, and Operations
subject: Business

description: This file serves as the Appendix part for the paper Navigating the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) landscape: constructing a robust and reliable scoring engine This white paper explores the construction of a reliable Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) scoring engine, with a focus on the importance of data sources and quality, selection of ESG indicators, weighting and aggregation methodologies, and the necessary validation and benchmarking procedures. The current challenges in ESG scoring and the importance of a robust ESG scoring system are addressed, citing its increasing relevance to stakeholders. Furthermore, different data types, namely self-reported data, third-party data, and alternative data, are critically evaluated for their respective merits and limitations. The paper further elucidates the complexities and implications involved in the choice of ESG indicators, illustrating the trade-offs between standardized and customized approaches. Various weighting methodologies including equal weighting, factor weighting, and multi-criteria decision analysis are dissected. The paper culminates in outlining processes for validating the ESG scoring engine, emphasizing the correlation with financial performance, and conducting robustness and sensitivity analyses. Practical examples through case studies exemplify the implementation of the discussed techniques. The white paper aims to provide insights and guidelines for practitioners, academics, and policy makers in designing and implementing robust ESG scoring systems.
Chiral kinetic theory and anomalous hydrodynamics in even spacetime dimensions
Creators: name: Dwivedi, Vatsal
name: Stone, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the hydrodynamics of a gas of noninteracting Weyl fermions coupled to the electromagnetic field in $(2N + 1) + 1$ spacetime dimensions using the chiral kinetic theory, which encodes the gauge anomaly in the Chern character of the nonabelian Berry connection over the Fermi surface. We derive the anomalous contributions to the relativistic hydrodynamic currents in equilibrium and at a finite temperature, which agree with and provides an approach complementary to the results derived previously using thermodynamic constraints.
description: 21 pages
DeepSphere: a graph-based spherical CNN (ICLR'20 spotlight)
Creators: name: Defferrard, Michaël
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Slides from the virtual spotlight presentation at ICLR'20 (https://iclr.cc/virtual/poster_B1e3OlStPB.html). Video recording at https://youtu.be/NC_XLbbCevk.
The Pedagogical Representation of Mass Functions with LEGO and their Origin
Creators: name: Kautsch, Stefan J.
name: Veras, Dimitri
name: Hansotia, Kyle K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We promote the teaching of mass functions as an integral part of an interdisciplinary science education. Mass functions characterize the frequency distributions of objects with different masses on all cosmic scales. We intend to enhance experiential learning of this concept with a creative LEGO brick experiment for a diverse student audience. To our surprise, the LEGO mass function is not only qualitatively but also quantitatively comparable to mass functions found across the Universe. We also discuss the relation between gravitation and mass distributions as a possible explanation for the continuity of the universal mass function.
description: This is the version of the article before peer review and submission. The published version is Kautsch, Veras, & Hansotia 2021, European Journal of Physics, 42, 035605, https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/abe75c
The HI Probability Distribution Function and the Atomic-to-Molecular Transition in Molecular Clouds
Creators: name: Imara, Nia
name: Burkhart, Blakesley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterize the column density probability distributions functions (PDFs) of the atomic hydrogen gas, HI, associated with seven Galactic molecular clouds (MCs). We use 21 cm observations from the Leiden/Argentine/Bonn Galactic HI Survey to derive column density maps and PDFs. We find that the peaks of the HI PDFs occur at column densities ranging from ~1-2$\times 10^{21}$ cm$^2$ (equivalently, ~0.5-1 mag). The PDFs are uniformly narrow, with a mean dispersion of $σ_{HI}\approx 10^{20}$ cm$^2$ (~0.1 mag). We also investigate the HI-to-H$_2$ transition towards the cloud complexes and estimate HI surface densities ranging from 7-16 $M_\odot$ pc$^{-2}$ at the transition. We propose that the HI PDF is a fitting tool for identifying the HI-to-H$_2$ transition column in Galactic MCs.
description: Accepted to ApJ
title: Digital engagement guidebook
Creators: name: Pathania, Aishwarya
Publisher: name: Electronic version published by Vancouver Island University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: City planning
subject: Digital media

description: The draft guidebook is a comprehensive summary of the steps to consider while successfully launching and using digital engagement. The research on this topic indicates that investing in digital engagement technology for municipal planning is becoming a priority for many public and private organizations. The declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic on March 11th, 2020, had a ripple effect across the globe as many economies came to a screeching halt, suspending all-in person meetings until the foreseeable future. The restrictions on in-person meetings inadvertently made the usage of digital engagement tools exceedingly crucial for local governments. It is essential to highlight that the major project from which the guidebook is informed was conducted from a research program based in Canada. Consequently, some examples and references of the guidebook’s framework will be grounded in the local context.
Federated Learning with Positive and Unlabeled Data
Creators: name: Lin, Xinyang
name: Chen, Hanting
name: Xu, Yixing
name: Xu, Chao
name: Gui, Xiaolin
name: Deng, Yiping
name: Wang, Yunhe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the problem of learning from positive and unlabeled (PU) data in the federated setting, where each client only labels a little part of their dataset due to the limitation of resources and time. Different from the settings in traditional PU learning where the negative class consists of a single class, the negative samples which cannot be identified by a client in the federated setting may come from multiple classes which are unknown to the client. Therefore, existing PU learning methods can be hardly applied in this situation. To address this problem, we propose a novel framework, namely Federated learning with Positive and Unlabeled data (FedPU), to minimize the expected risk of multiple negative classes by leveraging the labeled data in other clients. We theoretically analyze the generalization bound of the proposed FedPU. Empirical experiments show that the FedPU can achieve much better performance than conventional supervised and semi-supervised federated learning methods. Code is available at https://github.com/littleSunlxy/FedPU-torch
Models of low-mass helium white dwarfs including gravitational settling, thermal and chemical diffusion, and rotational mixing
Creators: name: Istrate, Alina
name: Marchant, Pablo
name: Tauris, Thomas M.
name: Langer, Norbert
name: Stancliffe, Richard J.
name: Grassitelli, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large number of extremely low-mass helium white dwarfs (ELM WDs) have been discovered in recent years. The majority of them are found in close binary systems suggesting they are formed either through a common-envelope phase or via stable mass transfer in a low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) or a cataclysmic variable (CV) system. Here, we investigate the formation of these objects through the LMXB channel with emphasis on the proto-WD evolution in environments with different metallicities. We study, for the first time, the combined effects of rotational mixing and element diffusion (e.g. gravitational settling, thermal and chemical diffusion) on the evolution of proto-WDs and on the cooling properties of the resulting WDs. We present state-of-the-art binary stellar evolution models computed with MESA for metallicities between Z=0.0002 and Z=0.02, producing WDs with masses between 0.16-0.45 M$_{\odot}$. Our results confirm that element diffusion plays a significant role in the evolution of proto-WDs that experience hydrogen shell flashes. The occurrence of these flashes produces a clear dichotomy in the cooling timescales of ELM WDs, which has important consequences e.g. for the age determination of binary millisecond pulsars. Rotational mixing is found to counteract the effect of gravitational settling in the surface layers of young, bloated ELM proto-WDs and therefore plays a key role in determining their surface chemical abundances. We predict that these proto-WDs have helium-rich envelopes through a significant part of their lifetime, a crucial ingredient for understanding the newly observed ELM proto-WD pulsators. The hydrogen envelope at detachment, although small compared to the total mass of the WD, contains enough angular momentum such that the spin frequency of the resulting WD on the cooling track is well above the orbital frequency.
description: 28 pages, 10 pages tables, 19 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Scalable GaSb/InAs tunnel FETs with non-uniform body thickness
Creators: name: Huang, Jun Z.
name: Long, Pengyu
name: Povolotskyi, Michael
name: Klimeck, Gerhard
name: Rodwell, Mark J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: GaSb/InAs heterojunction tunnel field-effect transistors are strong candidates in building future low-power integrated circuits, as they could provide both steep subthreshold swing and large ON-state current ($I_{\rm{ON}}$). However, at short channel lengths they suffer from large tunneling leakage originating from the small band gap and small effective masses of the InAs channel. As proposed in this article, this problem can be significantly mitigated by reducing the channel thickness meanwhile retaining a thick source-channel tunnel junction, thus forming a design with a non-uniform body thickness. Because of the quantum confinement, the thin InAs channel offers a large band gap and large effective masses, reducing the ambipolar and source-to-drain tunneling leakage at OFF state. The thick GaSb/InAs tunnel junction, instead, offers a low tunnel barrier and small effective masses, allowing a large tunnel probability at ON state. In addition, the confinement induced band discontinuity enhances the tunnel electric field and creates a resonant state, further improving $I_{\rm{ON}}$. Atomistic quantum transport simulations show that ballistic $I_{\rm{ON}}=284$A/m is obtained at 15nm channel length, $I_{\rm{OFF}}=1\times10^{-3}$A/m, and $V_{\rm{DD}}=0.3$V. While with uniform body thickness, the largest achievable $I_{\rm{ON}}$ is only 25A/m. Simulations also indicate that this design is scalable to sub-10nm channel length.
description: 4 pages, 8 figures
Long-distance quantum key distribution using concatenated entanglement swapping with practical resources
Creators: name: Khalique, Aeysha
name: Sanders, Barry C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present our approach for sharing photons and assessing resultant four-photon visibility between two distant parties using concatenated entanglement swapping. In addition we determine the corresponding key generation rate and the quantum bit-error rate. Our model is based on practical limitations of resources, including multipair parametric down-conversion sources, inefficient detectors with dark counts and lossy channels. Through this approach, we have found that a trade-off is needed between experimental run-time, pair-production rate and detector efficiency. Concatenated entanglement swapping enables huge distances for quantum key-distribution but at the expense of low key generation rate.
Hunting dark energy with pressure-dependent photon-photon scattering
Creators: name: Katsuragawa, Taishi
name: Matsuzaki, Shinya
name: Homma, Kensuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Toward understanding of dark energy, we propose a novel method to directly produce a chameleon particle and force its decay under controlled gas pressure in a laboratory-based experiment. {\it Chameleon gravity}, characterized by its varying mass depending on its environment, could be a source of dark energy, which is predicted in modified gravity. A remarkable finding is a correspondence between the varying mass and a characteristic pressure dependence of a stimulated photon-photon scattering rate in a dilute gas surrounding a focused photon-beam spot. By observing a steep pressure dependence in the scattering rate, we can directly extract the characteristic feature of the chameleon mechanism. As a benchmark model of modified gravity consistent with the present cosmological observations, a reduced $F(R)$ gravity is introduced in the laboratory scale. We then demonstrate that the proposed method indeed enables a wide-ranging parameter scan of such a chameleon model with the varying mass around $(0.1-1)~[μ\mathrm{eV}]$ by controlling pressure values.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures; Version to appear in Physical Review D
Emergent local integrals of motion without a complete set of localized eigenstates
Creators: name: Geraedts, Scott D.
name: Bhatt, R. N.
name: Nandkishore, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Systems where all energy eigenstates are localized are known to display an emergent local integrability, in the sense that one can construct an extensive number of operators that commute with the Hamiltonian and are localized in real space. Here we show that emergent local integrability does not require a complete set of localized eigenstates. Given a set of localized eigenstates comprising a nonzero fraction $(1-f)$ of the full many body spectrum, one can construct an extensive number of integrals of motion which are local in the sense that they have {\it nonzero weight} in a compact region of real space, in the thermodynamic limit. However, these modified integrals of motion have a `global dressing' whose weight vanishes as $\sim f$ as $f \rightarrow 0$. In this sense, the existence of a {\it non-zero fraction} of localized eigenstates is sufficient for emergent local integrability. We discuss the implications of our findings for systems where the spectrum contains delocalized states, for systems with projected Hilbert spaces, and for the robustness of quantum integrability.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, 3 appendices
Weak value beyond conditional expectation value of the pointer readings
Creators: name: Vaidman, Lev
name: Ben-Israel, Alon
name: Dziewior, Jan
name: Knips, Lukas
name: Weißl, Mira
name: Meinecke, Jasmin
name: Schwemmer, Christian
name: Ber, Ran
name: Weinfurter, Harald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is argued that a weak value of an observable is a robust property of a single pre- and post-selected quantum system rather than a statistical property. During an infinitesimal time a system with a given weak value affects other systems as if it were in an eigenstate with eigenvalue equal to the weak value. This differs significantly from the action of a system pre-selected only and possessing a numerically equal expectation value. The weak value has a physical meaning beyond a conditional average of a pointer in the weak measurement procedure. The difference between the weak value and the expectation value has been demonstrated on the example of photon polarization. In addition, the weak values for systems pre- and post-selected in mixed states are considered.
X(3872) Production in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Chen, Baoyi
name: Jiang, Liu
name: Liu, Xiao-Hai
name: Liu, Yunpeng
name: Zhao, Jiaxing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heavy-ion collisions provide a unique opportunity to study the nature of X(3872) compared with electron-positron and proton-proton (antiproton) collisions. We investigate the centrality and momentum dependence of X(3872) in heavy-ion collisions via the Langevin equation and instant coalescence model (LICM). When X(3872) is treated as a compact tetraquark state, the tetraquarks are produced via the coalescence of heavy and light quarks near the quantum chromodynamic (QCD) phase transition due to the restoration of the heavy quark potential at $T\rightarrow T_c$. In the molecular scenario, loosely bound X(3872) is produced via the coalescence of $D^0$-$\bar D^{*0}$ mesons in a hadronic medium after kinetic freeze-out. We employ the LICM to explain both $D^0$ and $J/ψ$ production as a benchmark. Then we give predictions regarding X(3872) production and the nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}^{X(3872)}$. We find that the total yield of tetraquark is several times larger than the molecular production in Pb-Pb collisions. Although the geometric size of the molecule is huge, the coalescence probability is small due to strict constraints on the relative momentum between $D^0$ and $\bar D^{*0}$ in the molecular Wigner function, which significantly suppresses the molecular yield.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Globular clusters in the far-ultraviolet: evidence for He-enriched second populations in extra-galactic globular clusters?
Creators: name: Peacock, Mark B.
name: Zepf, Stephen E.
name: Kundu, Arunav
name: Chael, Julia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the integrated far-ultraviolet (FUV) emission from globular clusters. We present new FUV photometry of M~87's clusters based on archival HST WFPC2 F170W observations. We use these data to test the reliability of published photometry based on HST STIS FUV-MAMA observations, which are now known to suffer from significant red-leak. We generally confirm these previous FUV detections, but suggest they may be somewhat fainter. We compare the FUV emission from bright ($M_{V} < -9.0$) clusters in the Milky Way, M~31, M~81 and M~87 to each other and to the predictions from stellar populations models. Metal-rich globular clusters show a large spread in FUV-V, with some clusters in M~31, M~81 and M~87 being much bluer than standard predictions. This requires that some metal-rich clusters host a significant population of blue/extreme horizontal branch (HB) stars. These hot HB stars are not traditionally expected in metal-rich environments, but are a natural consequence of multiple populations in clusters - since the enriched population is observed to be He-enhanced and will therefore produce bluer HB stars, even at high metallicity. We conclude that the observed FUV emission from metal-rich clusters in M~31, M~81 and M~87 provides evidence that He-enhanced second populations, similar to those observed directly in the Milky Way, may be a ubiquitous feature of globular clusters in the local universe. Future HST FUV photometry is required to both confirm our interpretation of these archival data and provide constraints on He-enriched second populations of stars in extra-galactic globular clusters.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Nuclear $0\nu2β$ decays in $B-L$ symmetric SUSY model and in TeV scale left-right symmetric model
Creators: name: Yang, Jin Lei
name: Chang, Chao-Hsi
name: Feng, Tai-Fu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we take B-L supersymmetric standard model (B-LSSM) and TeV scale left-right symmetric model (LRSM) as two representations of the two kinds of new physics models to study the nuclear neutrinoless double beta decays ($0\nu2β$) so as to see the senses onto these two kinds of models when the decays are taken into account additionally. Within the parameter spaces allowed by all the exist experimental data, the decay half-life of the nucleus $^{76}$Ge and $^{136}$Xe, $T^{0ν}_{1/2}$($^{76}$Ge, $^{136}$Xe), is precisely calculated and the results are presented properly. Based on the numerical results, we conclude that the room of LRSM type models for the foreseeable future experimental observations on the decays is greater than that of B-LSSM type models.
description: 37 pages, 9 figures
The role of inner halo angular momentum on bar formation and evolution.
Creators: name: Kataria, Sandeep Kumar
name: Shen, Juntai
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Galaxy Dynamics, Galactic Bars, Dark matter Halo, Spiral Galaxies, Numerical Methods

description: Abstract: Various studies have shown that dark matter halo properties like concentration, triaxiality, spin, etc., play an important role in the dynamical processes of bar instability. We have investigated the role of inner (within disk region) halo angular momentum distribution on the bar formation and evolution processes. We have performed a series of high-resolution N-body experiments with Milky Way-type galaxies. These models are initiated with similar disks while increasing the inner halo angular momentum of the surrounding dark matter halo. The bar triggers earlier for the model with a higher inner halo angular momentum than the lower ones, similar to studies claiming the role of halo spins. However, the bar secular evolution shows growth for all the models, irrespective of inner halo angular momentum, contradicting the role of high spin in bar secular dampening claimed in earlier studies. The model with the highest inner angular momentum show pronounced box/peanut/x-shaped bulges compared to the lowest one. Our results on the role of halo angular momentum discontinuity show that the secular growth of the bar follows the models with continuity of the halo angular momentum. In contrast, the bar dampens in secular evolution for discontinuous angular momentum halo models. These studies provide insight into complex bar formation processes.
description: Full Paper: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ac9df1/meta
title: Text analytics for customer relationship management in tourism
Creators: name: Piven, Sofiia
Year: 2023

description: Aufgrund des stark gestiegenen Wettbewerbs im Hotelgewerbe sind die Ansprüche der Reisenden an ihre Unterkunft gestiegen. Unternehmer sind sich nicht immer der Probleme bewusst, die ihre Kunden während ihres Aufenthalts haben, was kleine und mittlere Unternehmen daran hindert, einen Wettbewerbsvorteil auf dem Markt zu erlangen. In dieser Forschungsarbeit teste und vergleiche ich verschiedene überwachte und unüberwachte Lerntechniken sowie Modelle zur Sentiment-Erkennung anhand von 500.000 Bewertungen auf Booking.com. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass SpaCy die am besten mit Deep Learning kompatible Sentiment Extraktionsmethode bietet. Neuronale Netze übertreffen in der Regel klassische Algorithmen, mit der einzigen Ausnahme von Random Forest, das eine herausragende Genauigkeit und Leistung aufweist, die mit BERT und RoBERTa vergleichbar ist. Um die allgemeine Kundenzufriedenheit zu verbessern, schlage ich außerdem drei Open-Source-Webanwendungen für das Hotelmanagement vor: Filterung, ein selbst entwickeltes Priorisierungsmodell, das sich auf negative Erfahrungen konzentriert, und ein anpassbares Rankingsystem, das die individuellen Besonderheiten des Hotels abdeckt.
description: Travellers have become more demanding of accommodation as the hotel industry has become more competitive. Business owners are not always aware of the problems customers experience during their stay, which prevents small and medium sized businesses from gaining a competitive advantage in the market. In this thesis, I test and compare various supervised and unsupervised learning techniques and sentiment detection models on 500,000 Booking.com reviews. The results show that SpaCy offers the most compatible sentiment extraction method for deep learning. Neural networks tend to outperform classical algorithms, with Random Forest being the only exception, demonstrating excellent accuracy and performance comparable to BERT and RoBERTa. In addition, to improve overall customer satisfaction, I also propose three open-source web applications for hotel management, which include filtering, a self-developed prioritisation model with a focus on negative experiences, and an adjustable re-ranking system that covers individual characteristics of the accommodation.
Baryon Asymmetry from the Generalized Uncertainty Principle
Creators: name: Das, Saurya
name: Fridman, Mitja
name: Lambiase, Gaetano
name: Vagenas, Elias C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unexplained observed baryon asymmetry in the Universe is a long-standing problem in physics, with no satisfactory resolution so far. To explain this asymmetry, three Sakharov conditions must be met. An interaction term which couples space-time and the baryon current is considered, which satisfies the first two Sakharov conditions. Furthermore, it is shown that the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) from quantum gravity induces corrections to the Friedmann equations in cosmology, via the holographic principle. GUP also induces variations of energy and pressure density in the radiation dominated era, which satisfies the third Sakharov condition. Therefore, this construction provides a viable explanation for the observed baryon asymmetry. This also fixes the GUP parameters to $α_0\approx10^4$ and $β_0\approx-10^8$.
description: 13 pages, 0 figures
Isothermal compressibility determination across Bose-Einstein condensation
Creators: name: Poveda-Cuevas, F. J.
name: Castilho, P. C. M.
name: Mercado-Gutierrez, E. D.
name: Fritsch, A. R.
name: Muniz, S. R.
name: Lucioni, E.
name: Roati, G.
name: Bagnato, V. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the global thermodynamic variables approach to experimentally determine the isothermal compressibility parameter $κ_T$ of a trapped Bose gas across the phase transition. We demonstrate the behavior of $κ_T$ around the critical pressure, revealing the second order nature of the phase transition. Compressibility is the most important susceptibility to characterize the system. The use of global variables shows advantages with respect to the usual local density approximation method and can be applied to a broad range of situations.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Introduction. Gender, Religion and Feminism(s): An Interdisciplinary Approach
Creators: name: Baiesi, Serena
name: Golinelli, Gilberta
name: Korte, Anne-Marie
Publisher: name: DIVE-IN – An International Journal on Diversity and Inclusion
Year: 2022

description: DIVE-IN – An International Journal on Diversity and Inclusion, V. 2 N. 1 (2022): Gender, Religion and Feminism(s): An Interdisciplinary Approach
The chemical compositions of solar twins in the open cluster M67
Creators: name: Liu, F.
name: Asplund, M.
name: Yong, D.
name: Melendez, J.
name: Ramirez, I.
name: Karakas, A. I.
name: Carlos, M.
name: Marino, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stars in open clusters are expected to share an identical abundance pattern. Establishing the level of chemical homogeneity in a given open cluster deserves further study as it is the basis of the concept of chemical tagging to unravel the history of the Milky Way. M67 is particularly interesting given its solar metallicity and age as well as being a dense cluster environment. We conducted a strictly line-by-line differential chemical abundance analysis of two solar twins in M67: M67-1194 and M67-1315. Stellar atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances were obtained with high precision using Keck/HIRES spectra. M67-1194 is essentially identical to the Sun in terms of its stellar parameters. M67-1315 is warmer than M67-1194 by ~ 150 K as well as slightly more metal-poor than M67-1194 by ~ 0.05 dex. M67-1194 is also found to have identical chemical composition to the Sun, confirming its solar twin nature. The abundance ratios [X/Fe] of M67-1315 are similar to the solar abundances for elements with atomic number Z <= 30, while most neutron-capture elements are enriched by ~ 0.05 dex, which might be attributed to enrichment from a mixture of AGB ejecta and r-process material. The distinct chemical abundances for the neutron-capture elements in M67-1315 and the lower metallicity of this star compared to M67-1194, indicate that the stars in M67 are likely not chemically homogeneous. This poses a challenge for the concept of chemical tagging since it is based on the assumption of stars forming in the same star-forming aggregate.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Sequential attractors in combinatorial threshold-linear networks
Creators: name: Parmelee, Caitlyn
name: Alvarez, Juliana Londono
name: Curto, Carina
name: Morrison, Katherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Sequences of neural activity arise in many brain areas, including cortex, hippocampus, and central pattern generator circuits that underlie rhythmic behaviors like locomotion. While network architectures supporting sequence generation vary considerably, a common feature is an abundance of inhibition. In this work, we focus on architectures that support sequential activity in recurrently connected networks with inhibition-dominated dynamics. Specifically, we study emergent sequences in a special family of threshold-linear networks, called combinatorial threshold-linear networks (CTLNs), whose connectivity matrices are defined from directed graphs. Such networks naturally give rise to an abundance of sequences whose dynamics are tightly connected to the underlying graph. We find that architectures based on generalizations of cycle graphs produce limit cycle attractors that can be activated to generate transient or persistent (repeating) sequences. Each architecture type gives rise to an infinite family of graphs that can be built from arbitrary component subgraphs. Moreover, we prove a number of graph rules for the corresponding CTLNs in each family. The graph rules allow us to strongly constrain, and in some cases fully determine, the fixed points of the network in terms of the fixed points of the component subnetworks. Finally, we also show how the structure of certain architectures gives insight into the sequential dynamics of the corresponding attractor.
description: 41 pages, 23 figures
“She did not come from his rib”: Questioning Agency and Empowerment in Islamic Feminism
Creators: name: El Ghaddar, Kamelia Sofia
Publisher: name: DIVE-IN – An International Journal on Diversity and Inclusion
Year: 2022

description: The aim of this article is to address the Western feminist gaze towards the Muslimwoman, a neologism miriam cooke (2007) invented, which shares the same features of the Third World Woman depicted by Mohanty (1988). The idea is to shed light on productive ways of relating to religion when it comes to Islamic Feminism in particular. My argumentation proceeds as follows: after a brief introduction on the relationship between gender and religion nowadays, as a starting point for my analysis I will illustrate how religion can be employed as a source of agency and its empowering character. Agency has always been conceptualised as a form of resistance and subversion against power, however, other scholars suggest different perspectives. I will introduce and discuss them to deconstruct the idea that every religious woman needs to be saved. I will proceed by deconstructing the “Muslimwoman” neologism to provide a decolonial and intersectional reading of the relationship between gender and religion. To conclude, I will draw from the tools provided by Asma Lamrabet’s reading of the Qur’an to explore the decolonial power of a pious but critical religious practice.
description: DIVE-IN – An International Journal on Diversity and Inclusion, V. 2 N. 1 (2022): Gender, Religion and Feminism(s): An Interdisciplinary Approach
Discovering Sparse Interpretable Dynamics from Partial Observations
Creators: name: Lu, Peter Y.
name: Ariño, Joan
name: Soljačić, Marin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Identifying the governing equations of a nonlinear dynamical system is key to both understanding the physical features of the system and constructing an accurate model of the dynamics that generalizes well beyond the available data. We propose a machine learning framework for discovering these governing equations using only partial observations, combining an encoder for state reconstruction with a sparse symbolic model. Our tests show that this method can successfully reconstruct the full system state and identify the underlying dynamics for a variety of ODE and PDE systems.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures (4 main text, 2 supplemental)
Electrons at the monkey saddle: a multicritical Lifshitz point
Creators: name: Shtyk, Alex
name: Goldstein, Garry
name: Chamon, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider 2D interacting electrons at a monkey saddle with dispersion $\propto p_x^3-3p_xp_y^2$. Such a dispersion naturally arises at the multicritical Lifshitz point when three van Hove saddles merge in an elliptical umbilic elementary catastrophe, which we show can be realized in biased bilayer graphene. A multicritical Lifshitz point of this kind can be identified by its signature Landau level behavior $E_m\propto (Bm)^{3/2}$ and related oscillations in thermodynamic and transport properties, such as de Haas-van Alphen and Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, whose period triples as the system crosses the singularity. We show, in the case of a single monkey saddle, that the non-interacting electron fixed point is unstable to interactions under the renormalization group flow, developing either a superconducting instability or non-Fermi liquid features. Biased bilayer graphene, where there are two non-nested monkey saddles at the $K$ and $K^\prime$ points, exhibits an interplay of competing many-body instabilities, namely s-wave superconductivity, ferromagnetism, and spin- and charge-density wave.
description: 10.5 pages, 7 figures
Comedy, Inclusion and the Paradox of Playing with Stereotypes: Representations and Self-Representations of Muslim Women in British TV Sitcoms and Stand-Up Comedy
Creators: name: Spoliar, Lucy
Publisher: name: DIVE-IN – An International Journal on Diversity and Inclusion
Year: 2022

description: In recent years, Muslim women have carved out spaces for themselves and become increasingly visible within the British comedy entertainment scene. This can be read in terms of popular cultural spaces becoming more inclusive and open to minority groups. At the same time, as this article will show, comedy representations can often be read in a range of different ways. Taking the stand-up comedy of Shazia Mirza and the BBC sitcom Citizen Khan (2012-2016) as examples, this article examines how comedy representations and self-representations of Muslim women both contest and reproduce stereotypes. This article also reflects on the risks and opportunities that arise from playing with the tensions and contradictions of stereotypes within the power-laden cultural space of comedy.
description: DIVE-IN – An International Journal on Diversity and Inclusion, V. 2 N. 1 (2022): Gender, Religion and Feminism(s): An Interdisciplinary Approach
title: Protecting Privacy and Copyright Throughout the Data Lifecycle of AI Systems
Creators: name: Zhang, David
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2025

description: Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has been evolving rapidly and is now being applied across a wide range of sectors. and being applied in various sectors. While it offers remarkable benefits it also brings considerable challenges, particularly in terms of privacy and copyright. The capabilities of machine learning models come from large-scale datasets, often sourced from the internet, which inherently contain personal and copyrighted materials, leading to complex legal and ethical dilemmas. Despite the transformative potential of AI, the legal and technical landscapes surrounding privacy and copyright protections remain unclear, which has prompted the assessments on the impact of AI on these fundamental rights and the quest for responsible practices that ensure the ethical use of AI. This thesis aims to address the multifaceted challenges that AI technologies pose to privacy and copyright protections while exploring practical solutions for promoting responsible AI development. Through a systematic analysis on the emergent AI technologies and their privacy and copyright implications, this study investigates the complexities of the AI data lifecycle, highlighting legal and technical challenges throughout the process of their development and application. In response to these challenges, the study proposes frameworks and solutions for ethical and compliant data practices, including a responsible web framework for consent management and a Data Bill of Materials scheme to enhance transparency in the AI data supply chain. By identifying key challenges and proposing viable solutions, this thesis provides a comprehensive understanding of privacy and copyright issues of AI from a data lifecycle perspective, and offers practical frameworks and methodologies to guide the responsible development and ethical application of AI systems.
Reason as a Gift from God: Radical Unitarians, Feminism and Mary Leman Grimstone
Creators: name: Coral Gomez, Laura Valentina
Publisher: name: DIVE-IN – An International Journal on Diversity and Inclusion
Year: 2022

description: Starting with a description of British Unitarianism, the present paper sheds light on how a particular expression of Christianity in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century England influenced the development of early feminist ideas. Unitarians, followers of a Christian denomination that rejects the doctrine of Trinity, believed that reason was a gift from God. They also upheld that both men and women were entitled to use their reason to interpret the Scriptures and arrive at rational conclusions. This article shows how those tenets were instrumental for writer Mary Leman Grimstone and her advocacy in favour of women’s rights. Grimstone, as part of Radical Unitarian circles, used literature to denounce the oppression of women, vindicate their right to proper education, and demand changes to the institution of marriage.
description: DIVE-IN – An International Journal on Diversity and Inclusion, V. 2 N. 1 (2022): Gender, Religion and Feminism(s): An Interdisciplinary Approach