cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal target-spin azimuthal asymmetry in deeply-virtual compton scattering
Creators: name: Kopytin, Mikhail
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: TVCS
subject: LTSA
subject: azimutal
subject: HELIX
subject: azimuthal
subject: 530 Physik
subject: 29 Physik, Astronomie

description: In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Ergebnisse vom Experiment HERMES präsentiert, welche eine azimutale Asymmetrie bezüglich des Spins des Protontargets zeigen, die von der Interferenz zwischen dem Bethe-Heitler und dem Tiefvirtuelle Compton Streuung (DVCS) Prozess herrührt. Diese Asymmetrie, auch als longitudinale Target-Spin Asymmetrie (LTSA) bezeichnet, erlaubt hauptsächlich den Zugang zur polarisierten verallgemeinerten Partonverteilungen (GPD) H-tilde. Die kinematische Abhängigkeit der LTSA von t, x_B und Q2 wurde gemessen und mit vorhandenen Messungen am Deuteron verglichen. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit theoretischen Berechungen und mit aktuellen Messungen des CLAS-Experiments verglichen. Die Daten, die zur Analyse in der vorliegenden Arbeit verwendet werden, wurden am HERMES Experiment bei DESY genommen, wobei im HERA-Speicherring Positronenstrahlen der Energie 27.5 GeV an Wasserstoff- und Deuterium-Gas-Targets gestreut wurden. Darüber hinaus werden Produktionstests des HELIX-128 3.0 chips diskutiert. Der Chip ist ein Frontend-Auslesechip beim Silizium-Rückstossdetektor. Letzterer ist Teil des HERMES-Rückstossdetektors, welcher den Target-Bereich umschliesst, um die Rückstossprodukte der exklusiven Prozesse zu detektieren. Das primäre Ziel dieses Detektors ist es, eine vollständigere Untersuchung von DVCS durch zusätzliche Registrierung der Rückstossprotonen zu ermöglichen.
description: In this thesis results from HERMES are reported on an azimuthal asymmetry with respect to the spin of the proton target, which is attributed to the interference between the Bethe-Heitler process and the Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering process. The asymmetry, also referred to as the longitudinal target-spin asymmetry (LTSA), gives access mainly to the polarized Generalized Parton Distribution H-tilde. The kinematic dependences of the LTSA on t, x_B and Q^2 are measured and compared with the corresponding measurements on the deuteron. The results are compared with theoretical calculations and with the recent CLAS measurements. The data, used for analysis in this thesis, have been accumulated by the HERMES experiment at DESY scattering the HERA 27.6 GeV positron beam off hydrogen and deuterium gas targets. Additionally, production tests of the HELIX128 3.0 chip are discussed. The chip is the frontend readout chip of the silicon recoil detector. The latter is a part of the HERMES recoil detector, which is built around the target area in order to detect the recoiling products of exclusive processes. The primary goal of this detector is to facilitate a more complete study of DVCS by registering also the recoiling protons.
Field Testing of Portable LED Flasher for Nominal Power Measurements of PV-Modules On-Site
Creators: name: Knecht, R.
name: Baumgartner, F.
name: Carigiet, F.
name: Frei, C.
name: Beglinger, F.
name: Zaaiman, W.
name: Pavanello, D.
name: Field, M.
name: Galleano, R.
name: Sample, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: PV System Performance and Integration
Design and Operation of PV Systems

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2007-2012
description: Nominal power measurements of individual PV modules are needed to quantify the critical modules of PV plants offering lower energy production than expected. Today’s state of the art procedure of shipping a small number of modules to a laboratory is time- and cost intensive and it bears the chance of accidental damage. The Portable LED Flasher (PLF) was developed to require no dismounting of the modules. The quality of the PLF was tested on three PV plants in Switzerland. Additionally, ten PV modules of each plant were measured in the certified indoor laboratory of SUPSI, resulting in a maximum deviation of 3% of the STC values. Furthermore, a round robin test on a single
crystalline silicon reference module at 25°C was performed at the JRC’s ESTI laboratory, the Swiss Mobile Flasher Bus and SUPSI resulting in a maximum deviation of the mean values below 1% compared to the PLF. A throughput of up to 150 modules or 500 modules respectively per day is expected and the total measurement costs are estimated to be about a tenth of the costs compared to an indoor laboratory. Module temperature measurement is crucial for a low total uncertainty. Thus, methods such as pre-shadowing of the module and approximation of cell temperature are the current focus of further improvement of the PLF measurement method.
Validation Study of Solar PV Energy Simulation Tools and Methodologies
Creators: name: Aspinall, M.
name: Cahill, M.
name: Noirault, E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: PV System Performance and Integration
Design and Operation of PV Systems

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1983-1985
description: The global solar PV market has grown rapidly in over the last decade, with a significant increase in the volume of installations since 2010. Investment continues apace but as the industry matures and secondary market competition increases, margins are becoming tighter. The imperative for accurate energy yield prediction is evident.
Modeling methods used to forecast energy generation prior to project construction have evolved throughout this period.
As the number of operational utility scale projects grows, actual production data can be used to assess the validity of
current methods and standard assumptions.
The purpose of this validation study is to determine the accuracy of current pre-construction prediction methodology and identify areas for refinement.
The study indicates that there is a tendency for current pre-construction methods to be slightly conservative and that
current pre-construction modeling methods may be lagging technological advancements. However, the variance between pre-construction energy modeling and operational assessments for projects constructed in recent years is
increasing.
Penalized Optimal Scaling for Ordinal Variables with an Application to International Classification of Functioning Core Sets
Creators: name: Hoshiyar, Aisouda
name: Kiers, Henk A. L.
name: Gertheiss, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ordinal data occur frequently in the social sciences. When applying principal component analysis (PCA), however, those data are often treated as numeric implying linear relationships between the variables at hand, or non-linear PCA is applied where the obtained quantifications are sometimes hard to interpret. Non-linear PCA for categorical data, also called optimal scoring/scaling, constructs new variables by assigning numerical values to categories such that the proportion of variance in those new variables that is explained by a predefined number of principal components is maximized. We propose a penalized version of non-linear PCA for ordinal variables that is a smoothed intermediate between standard PCA on category labels and non-linear PCA as used so far. The new approach is by no means limited to monotonic effects and offers both better interpretability of the non-linear transformation of the category labels as well as better performance on validation data than unpenalized non-linear PCA and/or standard linear PCA. In particular, an application of penalized optimal scaling to ordinal data as given with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is provided.
description: Published at https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bmsp.12297
Implementation of a Friendly Daylight Electroluminescence System for the Inspection of Solar PV Panels
Creators: name: Martínez, O.
name: Guada, M.
name: Moretón, A.
name: Rodríguez-Conde, S.
name: González, M.A.
name: Jiménez, J.
name: Pérez, J.
name: Martínez, M.
name: Florez, J.A.
name: Silva, H.
name: Velasco, A.
name: Pérez, L.
name: Parra, V.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: PV System Performance and Integration
Design and Operation of PV Systems

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2021-2025
description: Electroluminescence (EL) is nowadays a well-recognized tool for the inspection of solar cells and panels, particularly interesting for the inspection of large plants. Routinely, when the modules are mounted at the PV site, EL measurements are carried out during nighttime and collected with Si CCDs (including conventional - modified - cameras), with good spatial resolutions and relatively low prices. However, daylight EL systems with InGaAs CCDs
are promising tools for EL inspection, due to the possibility to analyse the solar panels during the day, which will be beneficial regarding the cost, practicability and module risk mitigation associated to the testing service. Also, in order to reduce production losses, the measurements should be conducted in a fast and reliable way. In this paper, we present a friendly daylight EL system using a cost-effective InGaAs CCD and appropriate filter setup. Good-quality images at high irradiations (above 1000 W/m2) can be obtained in less than 20 s. Additionally, high-quality photoluminescence (PL) imaging can be registered by this friendly, cost-effective system.
Grid-Relieving Effects of PV Battery Energy Storage Systems with Optimized Operation Strategies
Creators: name: Zurmühlen, S.
name: Angenendt, G.
name: Heinrich, M.
name: Axelsen, H.
name: Sauer, D.U.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: PV System Performance and Integration
Grid and Energy System Integration

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2052-2056
description: The German distribution grids are facing a rising number of installations of private photovoltaic (PV) systems. Simultaneously, the number of installations of PV panels in combination with battery energy storage systems (PV BESS) is increasing. With appropriate operation strategies that consider grid limitations PV BESS have the potential to provide grid relief and thus reduce overall system cost. The effect of solar power generation units on the low voltage grid depends on the amount of installed generators, but also on the operation strategy of connected storage systems. The implemented operation strategy of the BESS determines the extent to which grid-relief can be achieved with storage systems.
A model of a distribution network based on field data is combined with the model of a PV BESS. The combined tool
is used for power flow analysis. With this model of the whole distribution system, different penetration rates for PV
systems as well as for PV BESS are simulated and the resulting influence on the grid is examined. Results show that
a grid-oriented operation strategy can gain significant relief of the low voltage grid and therefore reduce otherwise necessary grid reinforcements in the near future. At the same time, these operation strategies do not lead to a significant decrease of the overall energy throughput of the PV BESS over the total lifetime of the system. This means the economics of such a system are only slightly influenced by the application of a grid-relieving strategy.
Combine Deep Neural Network and Tree Based Machine Learning Models Using Stacked Generalization to Forecast Hourly Solar Irradiance in Tropical Regions
Creators: name: Dong, Z.
name: Zhao, L.
name: Yang, D.
name: Reindl, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: PV System Performance and Integration
Solar Resource and Forecasting

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2075-2078
description: Located on the Equator, Singapore has one of the most challenging climate for solar irradiance forecasting. The
tropical rainforest climate in the area demonstrates high variability in solar irradiance due to the dynamic and unpredictable cloud
formation. To provide a solid solution for hourly solar irradiance forecasting in the area, we design and implement the advanced
stacked generalization to combine several state-of-the-art machine learning models: deep neural network, extreme gradient boosting, random forests and adaptive boosting in hourly solar irradiance forecasting for tropical regions. These models have been applied to various machine learning competitions and proved to be the top performers. By using stacked generalization, these individual machine learning models can be combined to improve the forecasting accuracy further. To appropriately design and implement these models in hourly solar irradiance forecasting, input features are carefully prepared and processed. After proper feature selection, the machine learning models are implemented and optimized specifically for our application. Then the models
are combined together using stacked generalization to achieve the optimal forecasting accuracy. The final stacked model includes 10 extreme gradient boosting models, 5 deep neural network models, 3 random forests models and 2 adaptive boosting models to avoid overfitting. After 5-fold cross-validation using the training data from 2014-2015, not only the stacked model but also the individual models including the benchmark persistence model are tested on the 2016 data. The stacked model has the best performance among all the implemented models.
Introduction of an Advanced Method for Testing of Battery Charge Controllers for Off-Grid PV Systems
Creators: name: Khatibi, A.
name: Bendfeld, J.
name: Bermpohl, W.
name: Krauter, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
Inverters and Balance of System Components

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1851-1855
description: With the fast-growing energy demands of today’s world, the Sun as a massive clean energy source can
compensate the predictable energy shortage in near future. Since solar irradiance is only available in some hours of the day,
efficiency of a solar energy system is of high importance. In this matter, the advantage of considerable amount of energy
that could be achieved if the sun could radiate all day long or there was no cloud shadowing, cannot be ignored. Since this
situation is unreal, in solar off-grid systems a storage system and most commonly a battery system is considered. Besides,
installing a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) allows the system to produce higher power in the low irradiation
hours of the day or wintertime in comparison to systems without MPPT. This work focuses on the most usual approach for
backup storage of an off-grid solar system, which consists of a battery and a battery charge controller. In this study, a test
process will be introduced to be able to analyze these devices’ performance and efficiency. Although this has been done
before for PV inverters combined with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), it requires a different approach to
implement efficiency analysis on charge controllers. Furthermore, by testing and comparing of various MPPT devices with
different tracking algorithms advantages and disadvantages of tracking algorithms will also be shown.
A 360 kWp PV Irrigation System to a Water Pool in Spain
Creators: name: Barata Carrêlo, I.B.
name: Almeida, R.H.
name: Carrasco, L.M.
name: Martinez-Moreno, F.
name: Narvarte, L.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: PV System Performance and Integration
Design and Operation of PV Systems

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2259-2261
description: This paper describes a 360 kWp PV water pumping system to an elevated water pool in a borehole named San Cristóbal of the Irrigator’s Community of Alto Vinalopó, Villena, Spain. This system is able to work along the year, being the maximum need to satisfy in July. The goal of this paper is to show the design, the
implementation of the system and some first results by analysing the monitoring done since 1st of June until the end
of August. During this period, 173780 m3 of water were pumped and it was working more than 800 hours thanks to
its north-south horizontal axis tracker.
PV Production Forecasting Model Based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)
Creators: name: Theocharides, S.
name: Makrides, G.
name: Venizelou, V.
name: Kaimakis, P.
name: Kyprianou, A.
name: Georghiou, G.E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: PV System Performance and Integration
Design and Operation of PV Systems

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1890-1894
description: Accurate photovoltaic (PV) production forecasting is necessary for the optimal integration of this technology into existing power systems and is important for both grid and plant operators as it allows energy management and flexibility. The purpose of this work is to present the methodology applied for predicting the power output of grid-connected PV systems, using a developed machine learning model based on artificial neural networks
(ANNs) optimised according to the input parameters and network architecture. More specifically, a conventional neural
network was designed, whose parameters were estimated by a feedforward supervised learning process. The comparative
analysis between the different devised networks demonstrated that by increasing the input features and training in a
random sample 70:15:15 % train, validation and test set approach with yearly data sets, improved the prediction accuracy. The performance assessment results obtained when the test set was applied to the optimal designed network, which comprised of 7 inputs and 12 hidden nodes, showed an average daily normalised root mean squared error (nRMSE) of approximately 0.76 %. Finally, by employing an ensemble meta-algorithm, developed based on the optimally identified network, the accuracy was further improved achieving 0.71 % nRMSE when validation was performed on the test set.
The Development of Cell Thickness Reduction of Crystalline Solar Cells in PV Modules and Its Impacts on Large PV Power Plants
Creators: name: Cunow, E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: PV System Performance and Integration
Design and Operation of PV Systems

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1940-1944
description: In last decades PV modules on basis of silicon solar cells have made an enormous progress regarding efficiency and
production technology as well as in cost reduction. That can be deduced i.e. from world-wide market development and
dissemination. This paper is calling to mind the development of wafer and solar cell thickness from 1980 up to today and
provides an outlook to 2020 expectations. Further practical impacts are highlighted, for instance what a further increase of thickness of wafers and cells in production up to appliances in the field may have. Finally resulting effects on large scale ground mounted power plants are discussed. In contrary to PV roof-top installations PV modules for groundmounted plants are experiencing very often different routs of transportation and installation experience linked with higher mechanical loads. Taken together it can be a challenge in regard of investor‘s expectation on quality. A list of effects due
to decreasing cell thickness and a guideline for a reactive behaviour is given.
Benefits from PV System Integration with Irrigation and Drainage Infrastructures: Case Study for Thessaloniki-Imathia-Pella Plain in Greece
Creators: name: Chrysochoidis-Antsos, N.
name: Chrysochoidis, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: PV System Performance and Integration
Building, Infrastructure and Landscape Applications

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2151-2159
description: Pumping stations assist the farming activities with irrigation and drainage. The pumping stations are powered by the Medium-Voltage grid and are operated through a network of open water canals and reservoirs. These infrastructures could be used to host PV systems that will feed the pumping stations with power. The annual seasonality of irrigation pumping stations matches well the seasonality of PV produced energy. A PV system design case study has been made to reflect the advantages in energy and cost under the net-metering scheme. Additionally, a number of benefits related to reduction to maintenance of infrastructures, efficient use of energy, reduction of evaporation losses and cost effectiveness are being presented within the study in this paper. Overall, PV system integration with irrigation and drainage infrastructures seems to have a positive effect on the agricultural economy.
Long-Term Performance of PV Micro-Inverters
Creators: name: Krauter, S.
name: Bendfeld, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
Inverters and Balance of System Components

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1836-1840
description: To compare efficiency and yield of most micro-inverters available on the market during 2014-2017, an
in- and outdoor test field at the University of Paderborn have been set up. The inverters have been fed by identical and
calibrated crystalline silicon PV modules of 215 Wp. To monitor accurately AC power output and yield, each of the
micro-inverters has been equipped with a calibrated precision electricity meter. For micro-inverters requiring control
units for grid-feeding that has been acquired also. The test field is equipped with pyranometers in the module plane.
The comparison includes energy yield over one to two years and efficiency-load characteristics. The weighted
conversion efficiency according to EU and CEC standards has been measured and compiled. After two years of outdoor
operation in Paderborn, all efficiency measurements have been repeated: None of the inverters has shown any
degradation beyond the measurement accuracy of 0.1% of the precision power meter used (LMG 670 by Zimmer).
Multiplying Siblings: Exploring the Trade-off Between Family Size and Child Education in Rural Bangladesh
Creators: name: Mccarthy, Aine Seitz
name: Pearlman, Rachel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The question of whether large families have a subsequent negative impact on child health, education, and welfare is of pressing concern for development and public health policy. We tackle this question by empirically exploring whether parents face a trade-off between increasing the size of their family and investing in their children. Using data from a rural sub-district in Bangladesh (the 1996 Matlab Health and Socioeconomic Survey), we estimate the effect of siblings on school attendance, literacy, and numeracy. We use an instrumental variables approach, instrumenting first for children’s sibship size their mothers’ menarche age, and also instrumenting for children’s sibship size with the household’s treatment status (in the Matlab family planning experiment). Although we find no effect of siblings on school attendance, we find that additional siblings increase the likelihood that children are literate and numerate. These effects are greater for girls and younger siblings, consistent with positive numeracy and literacy spillovers from older siblings to younger ones. The results provide counter-evidence to the quality-quantity trade-off theory and demonstrate that sibling education spillovers may dominate any reduced investment on the part of parents.
Review of Different Software Solutions for the Holistic Simulation of Distributed Hybrid Energy Systems for the Commercial Energy Supply
Creators: name: Schmeling, L.
name: Klement, P.
name: Erfurth, T.
name: Kästner, J.
name: Hanke, B.
name: Von Maydell, K.
name: Agert, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: PV System Performance and Integration
Design and Operation of PV Systems

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1994-1998
description: Innovative commercial energy supply solutions combine CHP plants with renewable energy sources like PV, solar thermal or heat pumps, which results, under careful planning, in a profitable, yet sustainable hybrid distributed energy supply scheme. To get to this optimal, ecologically beneficial as well as economically advantageous system design and operation strategy a holistic modelling and simulation of the energy supply scheme is inevitable. This paper designs and tests an objective method to help users in finding a suitable simulation tool for a specific
distributed generation project. This is done by firstly defining requirements and ranking them based on their importance
for the project, followed by a detailed software finding phase, and finally the evaluation of the identified software solutions based on the requirement catalogue. The method is exemplarily applied and a limited overview over existing software solutions is presented. All of this helps any kind of interested user to find the optimal simulation software for a specific hybrid distributed energy generation project.
HEDP: A Method for Early Forecasting Software Defects based on Human Error Mechanisms
Creators: name: Huang, Fuqun
name: Strigini, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2; K.4

description: As the primary cause of software defects, human error is the key to understanding, and perhaps to predicting and avoiding them. Little research has been done to predict defects on the basis of the cognitive errors that cause them. This paper proposes an approach to predicting software defects through knowledge about the cognitive mechanisms of human errors. Our theory is that the main process behind a software defect is that an error-prone scenario triggers human error modes, which psychologists have observed to recur across diverse activities. Software defects can then be predicted by identifying such scenarios, guided by this knowledge of typical error modes. The proposed idea emphasizes predicting the exact location and form of a possible defect. We conducted two case studies to demonstrate and validate this approach, with 55 programmers in a programming competition and 5 analysts serving as the users of the approach. We found it impressive that the approach was able to predict, at the requirement phase, the exact locations and forms of 7 out of the 22 (31.8%) specific types of defects that were found in the code. The defects predicted tended to be common defects: their occurrences constituted 75.7% of the total number of defects in the 55 developed programs; each of them was introduced by at least two persons. The fraction of the defects introduced by a programmer that were predicted was on average (over all programmers) 75%. Furthermore, these predicted defects were highly persistent through the debugging process. If the prediction had been used to successfully prevent these defects, this could have saved 46.2% of the debugging iterations. This excellent capability of forecasting the exact locations and forms of possible defects at the early phases of software development recommends the approach for substantial benefits to defect prevention and early detection.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures, and 17 tables
Numerical simulation of temperature fields during the sublimationgrowth of SiC single crystals, using WIAS-HiTNIHS
Creators: name: Geiser, Jürgen
name: Klein, Olaf
name: Philip, Peter
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: A1. Anisotropic thermal conductivity
subject: A1. Computer simulation
subject: A1. Heat transfer
subject: A2. Growth from vapor
subject: A2. Single crystal growth
subject: B2. Semiconducting silicon compounds
subject: 510 Mathematik

description: We present numerical computations of the temperature fields in axisymmetric growth apparatus for sublimation growth of silicon carbide (SiC) bulk single crystals by physical vapor transport (PVT) (modified Lely method). The results are computed using our software WIAS-HiTNIHS, the WIAS High Temperature Numerical Induction Heating Simulator; pronunciation: not, vert, similarhit-nice, by solving the energy balance in the entire growth apparatus, taking into account the heat conduction in the solid parts as well as in gas cavities, and also accounting for the radiative heat transfer between the surfaces of the gas cavities. The insulation in a PVT growth apparatus usually consists of graphite felt, where the fibers are aligned in one particular direction, resulting in an anisotropic thermal conductivity. We show that neglecting this anisotropy can overestimate the SiC crystal's temperature by 70 K or underestimate the required heating power by 800 W.
The Impact of Better Access to Improved Water Sources on Health, Schooling, and Water Collection of Girls and Boys in Rural Zambia
Creators: name: Shimamura, Yasuharu
name: Shimizutani, Satoshi
name: Taguchi, Shimpei
name: Yamada, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: This paper examines the short-term impact of better access to improved water available at newly built boreholes on children’s health, schooling, and time allocation in rural Zambia. We employed a difference-in-differences estimation using a dataset collected under a quasi-experimental setting. We observed significant effects of better access to improved water sources on the reduced incidence of diarrhea for pre-school children but not for school-age children. We found no significant effect on school attendance. To understand the mechanism behind this pattern, we examined any changes in time use by children who had better access to improved water sources. For girls, particularly those who lived near the boreholes, we found a significant decrease in time spent on schooling and homework and a significant increase in time spent on water-related household chores including fetching water. We did not find any significant changes for boys. Alongside a significant decrease in time spent on water-related chores by female adults, better access to improved water supply shifts the burden of water-related household chores from female adults to girls while the net burden of water collection alone for girls was unchanged.
Origin of uranium isotope variations in early solar nebula condensates
Creators: name: Tissot, Francois L. H.
name: Dauphas, Nicolas
name: Grossman, Lawrence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High temperature condensates found in meteorites display uranium isotopic variations (235U/238U) that complicate dating of the formation of the Solar System and whose origin remains mysterious. It is possible that these variations are due to decay of the short-lived radionuclide 247Cm (t1/2=15.6 Myr) into 235U but they could also be due to uranium kinetic isotopic fractionation during condensation. We report uranium isotope measurements of meteoritic refractory inclusions that reveal excesses of 235U reaching ~+6 % relative to average solar system composition, which can only be due to decay of 247Cm. This allows us to constrain the 247Cm/235U ratio at Solar System formation to (7.0 +- 1.6) x 10-5. This value provides new clues on the universality of nucleosynthetic r-process of rapid neutron capture.
description: 51 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, 22 supplementary figures, 8 supplementary tables
Assessing the Impact of Broken and Defective Interconnection Ribbons on the Electrical Performance of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules
Creators: name: Annigoni, E.
name: Virtuani, A.
name: Sculati-Meillaud, F.
name: Faes, A.
name: Despeisse, M.
name: Ballif, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
PV Module Performance and Reliability

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1754-1757
description: Fatigue of electrical interconnections is a frequently observed failure mode for photovoltaic (PV)
modules. Fatigue is mainly due to the cells displacement that can occur due to temperature changes or mechanical loads
to which the module is exposed like wind pressure or snow load. Other factors such as presence of acid in the
encapsulant also affect the reliability of interconnections. In this work, we assess how the module performance is
affected when one or more ribbons are cut or disconnected between cells. For this purpose, we manufacture a module
composed of eighteen mono crystalline silicon cells connected in series by means of three interconnection ribbons and
encapsulated in a glass/backsheet construction. An ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) backsheet is employed as it
can be easily opened without the risk of damaging the adjacent cells and allows cutting the selected ribbons. We then
cut one or more ribbons, measuring the change in the module’s electrical parameters. We observe that the power loss
strongly depends on the ribbon’s position with respect to both the cell (external vs central ribbon) and the string (string
start or between two cells). For instance, if the external ribbon is disconnected from every cell, the maximum power
(Pmax) variation is -10.24%. If, instead, the disconnections are in the central ribbon the Pmax changes by only -5.91%.
The power variation is -35.09% when two ribbons are disconnected at every cell.
On Hamiltonians with position-dependent mass from Kaluza-Klein compactifications
Creators: name: Ballesteros, Ángel
name: Gutiérrez-Sagredo, Iván
name: Naranjo, Pedro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper (J.R. Morris, Quant. Stud. Math. Found. 2 (2015) 359), an inhomogeneous compactification of the extra dimension of a five-dimensional Kaluza-Klein metric has been shown to generate a position-dependent mass (PDM) in the corresponding four-dimensional system. As an application of this dimensional reduction mechanism, a specific static dilatonic scalar field has been connected with a PDM Lagrangian describing a well-known nonlinear PDM oscillator. Here we present more instances of this construction that lead to PDM systems with radial symmetry, and the properties of their corresponding inhomogeneous extra dimensions are compared with the ones in the nonlinear oscillator model. Moreover, it is also shown how the compactification introduced in this type of models can alternatively be interpreted as a novel mechanism for the dynamical generation of curvature.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures. New figures. Updated to match the published version in Physics Letters A
Mental and Physical Health Effect of Rural-Urban Migration in South Africa: A Quasi-Experimental Impact Evaluation Study
Creators: name: Capazario, Bianca
name: Kollamparambil, Umakrishnan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Using the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) longitudinal dataset, this study undertakes a difference-in-differences (DiD) evaluation of the impact of rural-urban migration on mental and physical health in South Africa. The contribution of the study is in considering sample selection bias as well as the causal direction of the relationship through the use of propensity score matching techniques and restricted sample DiD estimation. This study finds that the rural-urban migrants, within the South African NIDS sample, experience a decline in reported physical and mental health outcomes. The study identifies social isolation and difficult living conditions as some of the factors behind the adverse health outcomes. The findings underscore the fact that while favourable economic outcomes will likely occur as a result of migration efforts (such as employment opportunities and increased income), it comes at a cost of both physical and mental health.
Proto-Cooperation: group hunting sailfish improve hunting success by alternating attacks on grouping prey
Creators: name: Herbert-Read, James E
name: Romanczuk, Pawel
name: Krause, Stefan
name: Strömbom, Daniel
name: Couillaud, Pierre
name: Domenici, Paolo
name: Kurvers, Ralf H. J. M.
name: Marras, Stefano
name: Steffensen, John F
name: Wilson, Alexander D. M.
name: Krause, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We present evidence of a novel form of group hunting. Individual sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) alternate attacks with other group members on their schooling prey (Sardinella aurita). While only 24% of attacks result in prey capture, multiple prey are injured in 95% of attacks, resulting in an increase of injured fish in the school with the number of attacks. How quickly prey are captured is positively correlated with the level of injury of the school, suggesting that hunters can benefit from other conspecifics' attacks on the prey. To explore this, we built a mathematical model capturing the dynamics of the hunt. We show that group hunting provides major efficiency gains (prey caught per unit time) for individuals in groups of up to 70 members. We also demonstrate that a free riding strategy, where some individuals wait until the prey are sufficiently injured before attacking, is only beneficial if the cost of attacking is high, and only then when waiting times are short. Our findings provide evidence that cooperative benefits can be realised through the facilitative effects of individuals' hunting actions without spatial coordination of attacks. Such "proto-cooperation" may be the pre-cursor to more complex group-hunting strategies.
Scientific Investigation of a PV Generator After Hail
Creators: name: Mühleisen, W.
name: Hirschl, C.
name: Eder, G.C.
name: Voronko, Y.
name: Spielberger, M.
name: Sonnleitner, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: PV System Performance and Integration
Design and Operation of PV Systems

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1937-1939
description: A power plant in the south of Austria built with multi-crystalline PV modules was investigated after a hail storm. Standard measurement techniques like thermography, electroluminescence and ultraviolet fluorescence were used. It was found out that glass broken modules were not only responsible for a loss in power and yield. The remaining good-looking modules had invisible to the eyes cell damages causing the loss. Because of these impressive
findings, the insurance decided subsequently to change the most affected bad working modules.
A photon-photon quantum gate based on a single atom in an optical resonator
Creators: name: Hacker, Bastian
name: Welte, Stephan
name: Rempe, Gerhard
name: Ritter, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two photons in free space pass each other undisturbed. This is ideal for the faithful transmission of information, but prohibits an interaction between the photons as required for a plethora of applications in optical quantum information processing. The long-standing challenge here is to realise a deterministic photon-photon gate. This requires an interaction so strong that the two photons can shift each others phase by pi. For polarisation qubits, this amounts to the conditional flipping of one photon's polarisation to an orthogonal state. So far, only probabilistic gates based on linear optics and photon detectors could be realised, as "no known or foreseen material has an optical nonlinearity strong enough to implement this conditional phase shift..." [Science 318, 1567]. Meanwhile, tremendous progress in the development of quantum-nonlinear systems has opened up new possibilities for single-photon experiments. Platforms range from Rydberg blockade in atomic ensembles to single-atom cavity quantum electrodynamics. Applications like single-photon switches and transistors, two-photon gateways, nondestructive photon detectors, photon routers and nonlinear phase shifters have been demonstrated, but none of them with the ultimate information carriers, optical qubits. Here we employ the strong light-matter coupling provided by a single atom in a high-finesse optical resonator to realise the Duan-Kimble protocol of a universal controlled phase flip (CPF, pi phase shift) photon-photon quantum gate. We achieve an average gate fidelity of F=(76.2+/-3.6)% and specifically demonstrate the capability of conditional polarisation flipping as well as entanglement generation between independent input photons. Our gate could readily perform most of the hitherto existing two-photon operations. It also discloses avenues towards new quantum information processing applications where photons are essential.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
DC-Coupled Buck-Boost Battery Charge Controller for Utility Scale Photovoltaic Plants
Creators: name: Burski, P.
name: Neumann, A.
name: Merz, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
Inverters and Balance of System Components

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1863-1867
description: Utility or industrial scale PV-systems provide lowest costs of energy. In order to provide 24h op-eration batteries are able to back up power during the day and provide electrical power during night. State of the art technologies use bidirectional battery inverters to charge and discharge the battery. In order to save costs and gain efficiency we present a non-inverting buck-boost charge controller operation at variable switching frequen-cies without interleaved buck-boost operation in order to minimize switching losses and to allow design of bat-tery- and PV-system independent from each other.
Droplet splashing during the impact on liquid pools of shear-thinning fluids with yield stress
Creators: name: Peng, Xiaoyun
name: Wang, Tianyou
name: Sun, Kai
name: Che, Zhizhao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The impact of droplets on liquid pools is ubiquitous in nature and many industrial applications. Most previous studies of droplet impact focus on Newtonian fluids, while less attention has been paid to the impact dynamics of non-Newtonian droplets, even though non-Newtonian fluids are widely used in many applications. In this study, the splashing dynamics of shear-thinning droplets with yield stress are studied by combined experiments and simulations. The formation and the propagation of the ejecta sheet produced during the splashing process are considered, and the velocity, the radius, and the time of the ejecta sheet emergence are analyzed. The results show that the non-Newtonian fluid properties significantly affect the splashing process. The ejecta sheet of the splashing becomes easier to form as the flow index reduces, the large yield stress can affect the thickness of the ejecta sheet, and the spreading radius collapses into a geometrical radius due to that the inertia force is the dominant factor in the ejecta sheet propagation.
description: 12 pages, 14 figures
On a Finite Range Decomposition of the Resolvent of a Fractional Power of the Laplacian
Creators: name: Mitter, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove the existence as well as regularity of a finite range decomposition for the resolvent $G_α (x-y,m^2) = ((-Δ)^{α\over 2} + m^{2})^{-1} (x-y) $, for $0
description: 20 pages, 1 figure, errors corrected, references added, two new appendices
Approach to Determine the Impact of Cosmic Rays on PV Systems
Creators: name: Halwachs, M.
name: Schwark, M.
name: Berger, K.A.
name: Ebner, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
Inverters and Balance of System Components

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1868-1871
description: The impact of free secondary particles, created in interactions of cosmic rays with earth’s atmosphere, on semiconductor devices have been studied since the 1980s. Neutrons and Pions were found to be able to destroy semiconductor devices, hitting them while the devices is blocking high voltages. Usually this effect has been studied for high power applications. Within the project INFINITY various climate- and location-related effects are studied for their impact on PV system components in order to improve their future reliability. Due to dependency on device temperature, DC voltage and neutron flux, which changes mostly in altitude, the failure of inverts due to cosmic rays has been studied. In order to be able to predict failure rates of inverters, measurements and models from literature were mixed to provide a combined model, being highly related on local climate and device characteristics, which can be derived from specific measurements.
Missing Women in China and India over Seven Decades: An Analysis of Birth and Mortality Data from 1950 to 2020
Creators: name: Datt, Gaurav
name: Liu, Cun
name: Smyth, Russell
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: This paper constructs long-run estimates of total missing women (including missing girls at birth and excess female deaths) in China and India over seven decades from 1950 to 2020. We find that the number of missing women in India has been higher than in China throughout the seven decades. Over time, missing girls at birth grew faster in China than in India, but China has made more rapid progress in reducing excess female deaths after birth. While the share of missing girls at birth in total missing women has risen since the 1980s, there has also been a shift in excess female mortality from younger to older age groups. Our estimated trends are consistent with key economic, social, demographic and technological events and developments in the two countries.