cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
HST/WFC3 grism observations of $z\sim1$ clusters: Evidence for rapid outside-in environmental quenching from spatially resolved H$α$ maps
Creators: name: Matharu, Jasleen
name: Muzzin, Adam
name: Brammer, Gabriel B.
name: Nelson, Erica J.
name: Auger, Matthew W.
name: Hewett, Paul C.
name: van der Burg, Remco
name: Balogh, Michael
name: Demarco, Ricardo
name: Marchesini, Danilo
name: Noble, Allison G.
name: Rudnick, Gregory
name: van der Wel, Arjen
name: Wilson, Gillian
name: Yee, Howard K. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present and publicly release (https://www.gclasshst.com) the first spatially resolved H$α$ maps of star-forming cluster galaxies at $z\sim1$, made possible with the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) G141 grism on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Using a similar but updated method to 3D-HST in the field environment, we stack the H$α$ maps in bins of stellar mass, measure the half-light radius of the H$α$ distribution and compare it to the stellar continuum. The ratio of the H$α$ to stellar continuum half-light radius, $R[\mathrm{H}α/\mathrm{C}]=\frac{R_{\mathrm{eff, H}α}}{R_{\mathrm{eff, Cont}}}$, is smaller in the clusters by $(6\pm9)\%$, but statistically consistent within $1σ$ uncertainties. A negligible difference in $R[\mathrm{H}α/\mathrm{C}]$ with environment is surprising, given the higher quenched fractions in the clusters relative to the field. We postulate that the combination of high quenched fractions and no change in $R[\mathrm{H}α/\mathrm{C}]$ with environment can be reconciled if environmental quenching proceeds rapidly. We investigate this hypothesis by performing similar analysis on the spectroscopically-confirmed recently quenched cluster galaxies. 87% have H$α$ detections, with star formation rates $8\pm1$ times lower than star-forming cluster galaxies of similar stellar mass. Importantly, these galaxies have a $R[\mathrm{H}α/\mathrm{C}]$ that is $(81\pm8)\%$ smaller than coeval star-forming field galaxies at fixed stellar mass. This suggests the environmental quenching process occurred outside-in. We conclude that disk truncation due to ram-pressure stripping is occurring in cluster galaxies at $z\sim1$, but more rapidly and/or efficiently than in $z\lesssim0.5$ clusters, such that the effects on $R[\mathrm{H}α/\mathrm{C}]$ become observable just after the cluster galaxy has recently quenched.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
VERITAS follow-up observation of the blazar TXS 0506+056
Creators: name: Jin, Weidong
name: Sharpe, RileyAnne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gamma-ray blazar TXS 0506+056 was found with an enhanced gamma-ray emission state in spatial and temporal coincidence with the IceCube high energy neutrino event IC170922A. This is the most significant association by far between a high-energy neutrino event and a blazar in a flaring state. Studying the time evolution and spectral behavior of the blazar emission may help in identifying the sources of the diffuse neutrino flux observed by IceCube and the origin of energetic cosmic rays. TXS 0506+056 was detected by the VERITAS gamma-ray observatory with a significance of 5.8 standard deviations above 110 GeV in a 35 hour data set collected between September 23, 2017 and February 6, 2018. Here we will present results from recent VERITAS observations and an associated multiwavelength campaign, collected between October 10, 2018 to March 1, 2021. A relatively quiet very high energy gamma-ray emission state was observed during this time period, and flux upper limits are used to constrain the potential variability of this blazar.
The impact of the FMR and starburst galaxies on the (low-metallicity) cosmic star formation history
Creators: name: Chruslinska, Martyna
name: Nelemans, Gijs
name: Boco, Lumen
name: Lapi, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The question how much star formation is occurring at low metallicity throughout the cosmic history appears crucial for the discussion of the origin of various energetic transients, and possibly - double black hole mergers. We revisit the observation-based distribution of birth metallicities of stars (f$_{\rm SFR}$(Z,z)), focusing on several factors that strongly affect its low metallicity part: (i) the method used to describe the metallicity distribution of galaxies (redshift-dependent mass metallicity relation - MZR, or redshift-invariant fundamental metallicity relation - FMR), (ii) the contribution of starburst galaxies and (iii) the slope of the MZR. We empirically construct the FMR based on the low-redshift scaling relations, which allows us to capture the systematic differences in the relation caused by the choice of metallicity and star formation rate (SFR) determination techniques and discuss the related f$_{\rm SFR}$(Z,z) uncertainty. We indicate factors that dominate the f$_{\rm SFR}$(Z,z) uncertainty in different metallicity and redshift regimes. The low metallicity part of the distribution is poorly constrained even at low redshifts (even a factor of $\sim$200 difference between the model variations) The non-evolving FMR implies a much shallower metallicity evolution than the extrapolated MZR, however, its effect on the low metallicity part of the f$_{\rm SFR}$(Z,z) is counterbalanced by the contribution of starbursts (assuming that they follow the FMR). A non-negligible fraction of starbursts in our model may be necessary to satisfy the recent high-redshift SFR density constraints.
description: resubmitted to MNRAS after minor revision
Multi-Modal Interaction Graph Convolutional Network for Temporal Language Localization in Videos
Creators: name: Zhang, Zongmeng
name: Han, Xianjing
name: Song, Xuemeng
name: Yan, Yan
name: Nie, Liqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper focuses on tackling the problem of temporal language localization in videos, which aims to identify the start and end points of a moment described by a natural language sentence in an untrimmed video. However, it is non-trivial since it requires not only the comprehensive understanding of the video and sentence query, but also the accurate semantic correspondence capture between them. Existing efforts are mainly centered on exploring the sequential relation among video clips and query words to reason the video and sentence query, neglecting the other intra-modal relations (e.g., semantic similarity among video clips and syntactic dependency among the query words). Towards this end, in this work, we propose a Multi-modal Interaction Graph Convolutional Network (MIGCN), which jointly explores the complex intra-modal relations and inter-modal interactions residing in the video and sentence query to facilitate the understanding and semantic correspondence capture of the video and sentence query. In addition, we devise an adaptive context-aware localization method, where the context information is taken into the candidate moments and the multi-scale fully connected layers are designed to rank and adjust the boundary of the generated coarse candidate moments with different lengths. Extensive experiments on Charades-STA and ActivityNet datasets demonstrate the promising performance and superior efficiency of our model.
description: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
From a data inventory to a data management plan (DMP)
Creators: name: Grünwald, Katharina Maria Elisabeth
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2023
Subjects: DMP
RDM
data management plan
mindmap
research data management

description: From Data to Diamonds - Empowering Research with AI and RDM, Aachen, Germany, 14 Nov 2023 - 14 Nov 2023
Slow decorrelations in KPZ growth
Creators: name: Ferrari, Patrik L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82C22, 60K35

description: For stochastic growth models in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) class in 1+1 dimensions, fluctuations grow as t^{1/3} during time t and the correlation length at a fixed time scales as t^{2/3}. In this note we discuss the scale of time correlations. For a representant of the KPZ class, the polynuclear growth model, we show that the space-time is non-trivially fibred, having slow directions with decorrelation exponent equal to 1 instead of the usual 2/3. These directions are the characteristic curves of the PDE associated to the surface's slope. As a consequence, previously proven results for space-like paths will hold in the whole space-time except along the slow curves.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures, LaTeX; Minor language revisions
RDM for Virtual Climatization
Creators: name: Bodenbenner, Matthias Stefan
name: Moser, Mario Niclas
name: Hamann, Tobias
name: Sanders, Mark Pascal
name: Klein, Colin
name: Wolfschläger, Dominik
name: Schmitt, Robert H.
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Engineering
Engineering Sciences
Production Technology
RDM
Research Data Management
Virtual Climatization

description: From Data to Diamonds - Empowering Research with AI and RDM, Aachen, Germany, 14 Nov 2023 - 14 Nov 2023
Effect of Disorder on the Quantum Coherence in Mesoscopic Wires
Creators: name: Niimi, Y.
name: Baines, Y.
name: Capron, T.
name: Mailly, D.
name: Lo, F. -Y.
name: Wieck, A. D.
name: Meunier, T.
name: Saminadayar, L.
name: Bauerle, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present phase coherence time measurements in quasi-one-dimensional mesoscopic wires made from high mobility two-dimensional electron gas. By implanting gallium ions into a GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction we are able to vary the diffusion coefficient over 2 orders of magnitude. We show that in the diffusive limit, the decoherence time follows a power law as a function of diffusion coefficient as expected by theory. When the disorder is low enough so that the samples are semi-ballistic, we observe a new and unexpected regime in which the phase coherence time is independent of disorder. In addition, for all samples the temperature dependence of the phase coherence time follows a power law down to the lowest temperatures without any sign of saturation and strongly suggests that the frequently observed low temperature saturation is not intrinsic.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Investigating the role of chemotaxis in the natural source zone depletion of petroleum hydrocarbons
Creators: name: Murphy, Cameron William Michael
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: Industrial sites contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons present complex groundwater challenges and environmental risks. Remediation efforts are costly and efficiencies vary over time. Natural source zone depletion (NSZD) involves the gradual degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons through biogeochemical processes. Microbes aid in this degradation, utilising chemotaxis to move towards hydrocarbon sources. This thesis investigates the distribution and interactions of chemotactic and hydrocarbon degrading (CD) microbes through field and laboratory studies. The first study utilised predictive metagenomic profiling (PMP) and ecological analysis to infer functionality and the spatial relationships existing within core samples collected from a legacy site. The second study assessed how microbial communities of varying degrees of chemotactic ability might interact, via the creation of genetically engineered Pseudomonas strains. This ``chemotaxis mutant toolkit'' was used in conjunction with a novel quantitative soft-agar swim fluorescent chemotaxis laser scanning assay to investigate microbial interaction and biomobilisation. The first study found that naphthalene drives the occurrence of CD taxa, including members of the Pseudomonadaceae family. The second study found that a co-culture of chemotactic and non-chemotactic petroleum hydrocarbon degrading Pseudomonas strains has a significantly greater colony perimeter than an equal biomass of non-chemotactic mutants, therefore potentially carrying greater biodegradation potential. This study also found evidence of microbial interaction and biomobilisation of P. putida F1 cheA by P. putida F1 due to variations in the fluorescent intensity profiles producing radial distributions atypical of non-chemotactic bacteria. In conclusion, chemotactic and microbial transport parameters within existing NSZD models should be reviewed to accommodate for CD accumulation in areas of naphthalene contamination. Models should also account for the interactions of chemotactic and non-chemotactic microbes that may occur within the subsurface. Thereby providing a more accurate quantification of risk posed by petroleum hydrocarbon contamination to groundwater as well as providing insight into how to design or manage bioremediation strategy.
Self-Calibrating the Look-Elsewhere Effect: Fast Evaluation of the Statistical Significance Using Peak Heights
Creators: name: Bayer, Adrian E.
name: Seljak, Uros
name: Robnik, Jakob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In experiments where one searches a large parameter space for an anomaly, one often finds many spurious noise-induced peaks in the likelihood. This is known as the look-elsewhere effect, and must be corrected for when performing statistical analysis. This paper introduces a method to calibrate the false alarm probability (FAP), or $p$-value, for a given dataset by considering the heights of the highest peaks in the likelihood. In the simplest form of self-calibration, the look-elsewhere-corrected $χ^2$ of a physical peak is approximated by the $χ^2$ of the peak minus the $χ^2$ of the highest noise-induced peak. Generalizing this concept to consider lower peaks provides a fast method to quantify the statistical significance with improved accuracy. In contrast to alternative methods, this approach has negligible computational cost as peaks in the likelihood are a byproduct of every peak-search analysis. We apply to examples from astronomy, including planet detection, periodograms, and cosmology.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Adolescent football players’ sleep, wellness and school physical activity over different phases of the year
Creators: name: Brown, GA
name: Veith, S
name: Sampson, John
name: Whalan, Matthew
name: Fullagar, HHK
Publisher: name: University of Wollongong
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3202
subject: Clinical sciences
classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This study aimed to examine differences in sleep and perceived wellness between a group of adolescent academy football (soccer) players from sport high schools (SHS) and regular high schools (RHS) during different phases of the year, with a secondary focus on their school physical activity (s-PA) levels. Data were collected from 51 adolescent football players from one youth Australian academy in two blocks of two weeks (four weeks total). Subjective sleep quantity and quality, wellness and s-PA were assessed through validated daily questionnaires and weekly surveys. MANOVAs and ANOVAs for repeated measures were conducted to assess sleep and wellness variables across different weeks (school vs. holidays, early vs. late season) and between groups (SHS vs. RHS). No differences in sleep or muscle pain were found between players at SHS and RHS (p > 0.05). No effect of week (school vs. holidays, early season vs. late season) on sleep quality or wellness was found, nor did hours of s-PA affect sleep duration (all p > 0.05). Total sleep time was within recommended guidelines and significantly longer sleep times were experienced during the holidays compared to school term (p = 0.002). Overall, adolescent academy football players reported sleep quantities within recommended ranges and had greater sleep volumes during the holidays rather than during school. School type (SHS vs. RHS) and hours of s-PA had no effect on the players sleep within our cohort. Additionally, it appears perceptual wellness in this population is unaffected by time of season, or school compared to holidays.
Development of Deep Transformer-Based Models for Long-Term Prediction of Transient Production of Oil Wells
Creators: name: Abdrakhmanov, Ildar
name: Kanin, Evgenii
name: Boronin, Sergei
name: Burnaev, Evgeny
name: Osiptsov, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a novel approach to data-driven modeling of a transient production of oil wells. We apply the transformer-based neural networks trained on the multivariate time series composed of various parameters of oil wells measured during their exploitation. By tuning the machine learning models for a single well (ignoring the effect of neighboring wells) on the open-source field datasets, we demonstrate that transformer outperforms recurrent neural networks with LSTM/GRU cells in the forecasting of the bottomhole pressure dynamics. We apply the transfer learning procedure to the transformer-based surrogate model, which includes the initial training on the dataset from a certain well and additional tuning of the model's weights on the dataset from a target well. Transfer learning approach helps to improve the prediction capability of the model. Next, we generalize the single-well model based on the transformer architecture for multiple wells to simulate complex transient oilfield-level patterns. In other words, we create the global model which deals with the dataset, comprised of the production history from multiple wells, and allows for capturing the well interference resulting in more accurate prediction of the bottomhole pressure or flow rate evolutions for each well under consideration. The developed instruments for a single-well and oilfield-scale modelling can be used to optimize the production process by selecting the operating regime and submersible equipment to increase the hydrocarbon recovery. In addition, the models can be helpful to perform well-testing avoiding costly shut-in operations.
The silent artist - Die künstliche Intelligenz des chatGPT 3.0 im Rahmen einer Kunstausstellung
Creators: name: Fischer, Barbara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Vorgestellt wird ein innovatives Kunstprojekt namens "The Silent Artist", in dem ChatGPT als sozialer Agent eingesetzt wurde. Das Projekt nutzte die künstliche Intelligenz als Mittel der Distanzierung, um neue Perspektiven auf die ausgestellte Kunst zu eröffnen. ChatGPT übernahm dabei eine vermittelnde Rolle zwischen der Kunst eines verstorbenen Künstlers, den Kuratorinnen und dem Publikum.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Mass and Environment as Independent Drivers of Galaxy Dynamics
Creators: name: van de Sande, Jesse
name: Croom, Scott M.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
name: Cortese, Luca
name: Scott, Nicholas
name: Lagos, Claudia D. P.
name: D'Eugenio, Francesco
name: Bryant, Julia J.
name: Brough, Sarah
name: Catinella, Barbara
name: Foster, Caroline
name: Harborne, Brent Groves Katherine E.
name: López-Sánchez, Ángel R.
name: McDermid, Richard
name: Medling, Anne
name: Owers, Matt S.
name: Richards, Samuel N.
name: Sweet, Sarah M.
name: Vaughan, Sam P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The kinematic morphology-density relation of galaxies is normally attributed to a changing distribution of galaxy stellar masses with the local environment. However, earlier studies were largely focused on slow rotators; the dynamical properties of the overall population in relation to environment have received less attention. We use the SAMI Galaxy Survey to investigate the dynamical properties of $\sim$1800 early and late-type galaxies with $\log(M_*/M_{\odot})>9.5$ as a function of mean environmental overdensity ($Σ_{5}$) and their rank within a group or cluster. By classifying galaxies into fast and slow rotators, at fixed stellar mass above $\log(M_*/M_{\odot})>10.5$, we detect a higher fraction ($\sim3.4σ$) of slow rotators for group and cluster centrals and satellites as compared to isolated-central galaxies. Focusing on the fast-rotator population, we also detect a significant correlation between galaxy kinematics and their stellar mass as well as the environment they are in. Specifically, by using inclination-corrected or intrinsic $λ_{R_e}$ values, we find that, at fixed mass, satellite galaxies on average have the lowest $λ_{\,R_e,intr}$, isolated-central galaxies have the highest $λ_{\,R_e,intr}$, and group and cluster centrals lie in between. Similarly, galaxies in high-density environments have lower mean $λ_{\,R_e,intr}$ values as compared to galaxies at low environmental density. However, at fixed $Σ_{5}$, the mean $λ_{\,R_e,intr}$ differences for low and high-mass galaxies are of similar magnitude as when varying $Σ_{5}$ {($Δλ_{\,R_e,intr} \sim 0.05$. Our results demonstrate that after stellar mass, environment plays a significant role in the creation of slow rotators, while for fast rotators we also detect an independent, albeit smaller, impact of mass and environment on their kinematic properties.
description: 22 pages and 17 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. Abstract abridged for Arxiv. The key figures of the paper are: 6, 8, 10, and 12
Grammatical implication and anaphora as determinants of text comprehension : English as a second language
Creators: name: Walsh, Daniel Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The present study seeks to assess the contribution of two aspects of linguistic competence, recognition of grammatical implication and identification of anaphoric referents, to a precisely defined measure in accord with a model that sets certain requirements for acts of text comprehension. The first part of the research instrument presents items containing one or more sentences in isolation to test understanding of twelve syntactic transformations and four types of anaphora. The second part examines comprehension of sentences within a continuous text. The criterion measure for text comprehension is defined by two equally weighted components: indication of textual locus and judgment of truth value. Sample populations include native speakers of English, Chinese speakers, and other non-native speakers learning English as a second language (E.S.L.). In each category, students at elementary, junior secondary, and senior secondary grade intervals are compared. Analysis of the data reveals a developmental trend toward augmented performance on all variables. Native speakers as a group significantly outperform E.S.L. students only on the measure of recognizing grammatical implication relations which, in conjunction with the task of identifying anaphoric referents, contributes a greater proportion of variance to criterion scores than is observed in the case of either E.S.L. sample. It is concluded that native speakers and E.S.L. students attain equal proficiency in text comprehension by means of different strategies. A comparison of the rank order of difficulty among the sixteen transformational and anaphoric types indicates that the scores of a multiethnic sample of E.S.L. students more closely approximate the pattern set by native speakers than do those of the Chinese speaking group, indicating that native language may influence performance on this sort of task. The rankings for all three groups generally support the notion that transformationally simpler structures are more easily interpreted. Regarding the components of text comprehension, native speakers perform significantly better on the task of judging the truth value of an item statement than on indicating the locus of relevant statements in the accompanying passage. E.S.L. students encounter similar difficulty with both tasks. The locus indication component contributes somewhat more variance to the criterion scores of native speakers and multiethnic E.S.L. students than to those of the Chinese speakers. It is suggested that locus indication in itself may be a practical and reliable measure of text comprehension. Some directions are offered for further research, recommendations are made for testing syntactic comprehension, and possible instructional implications arising from this and other research are discussed.
Comparative High Field Magneto-Transport of Rare Earth Oxypnictides with Maximum Transition Temperatures
Creators: name: Jaroszynski, J.
name: Riggs, S. C.
name: Hunte, F.
name: Gurevich, A.
name: Larbalestier, D. C.
name: Beobinger, G. S.
name: Balakirev, F. F.
name: Migliori, A.
name: Ren, Z. A.
name: Lu, W.
name: Yang, J.
name: Shen, X. L.
name: Dong, X. L.
name: Zhao, Z. X.
name: Jin, R.
name: Sefat, A. S.
name: McGuire, M. A.
name: Sales, B. C.
name: Christen, D. K.
name: Mandrus, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of a new class of superconducting oxypnictides with high transition temperatures may have profound implications for understanding unconventional high-temperature superconductivity. Like the cuprates, the oxypnictides seem to manifest an interleaving of charge donor and superconducting layers emerging upon doping of an antiferromagnetic parent semi-metal. Here we report magneto-transport measurements of three rare earth (Re = La, Nd, Sm) oxypnicide compounds with the transition temperatures near the maximum reported to date, in very high DC and pulsed magnetic fields up to 45 and 54 T, respectively. Our resistivity, Hall coefficient and critical magnetic fields data suggest that these oxypnictide superconductors bridge the gap between MgB$_2$ and YBaCu$_3$O$_{7-x}$ as far as electromagnetic and vortex properties are concerned.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Dentate line invasion as a predictive factor of poor distant relapse-free survival in locally advanced lower rectal cancer with anal sphincter involvement
Creators: name: Song, Maxiaowei
name: Wang, Hongzhi
name: Wang, Lin
name: Li, Shuai
name: Zhang, Yangzi
name: Geng, Jianhao
name: Zhu, Xianggao
name: Li, Yongheng
name: Cai, Yong
name: Wang, Weihu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for DRFS before matching. Supplementary Table 2. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for DFS before matching. Supplementary Table 3. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for OS before matching. Supplementary Table 4. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for DRFS after matching. Supplementary Table 5. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for DFS after matching.
Violence Analysis Through Deep Learning: An Approach using Virtual Environments
Creators: name: Nadeem, Muhammad Shahroz
Publisher: name: College of Science and Engineering, University of Derby
Year: 2023

description: In the domain of multimedia content analysis, the precise extraction of valuable information from digital media holds paramount importance. Violence analysis is one such task, with numerous real-world applications. However, the inherently subjective nature of this task poses formidable challenges, as it entails detecting and localising acts of violence across diverse contexts, ranging from content filtering to video surveillance. Existing methods often struggle due to the lack of comprehensive datasets. Public video platforms restrict violent content uploads, impeding the development of real-time violence analysis. Additionally, ethical concerns have hampered progress in violence analysis compared to other computer vision tasks. To address this, we utilise synthetic data inspired by autonomous driving, generated in GTA-V, creating videos with weapons, blood, and combat elements. We automate labelling using object detection, verify with a human-labelled test set, and propose a novel deep learning approach, replacing the multi-head attention layer with a 1D convolution layer for violence classification. Our contributions can be summarised as follows: Firstly, we introduce the Weapon Violence Dataset (WVD), a synthetic dataset designed explicitly for violence analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this dataset is the only one of its kind and is publicly available. Secondly, we devise a novel deep learning-based technique for generating bounding box coordinates across the entire WVD. Precisely, the achieved IoU values for stage 1 and 2 on the synthetic data are 0.8036 and 0.9500 respectively. While on a real-world dataset the IoU value come to an impressive 0.7450 without any retraining of the data. Thirdly, we conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of the synthetic data corpus in training convolutional LSTM models. The results indicate that a remarkable enhancement is observed on established real-world benchmark datasets, with notable accuracy rates reaching 100\% on Peliculas (reflecting a 12\% improvement), 80\% on Violent Flow, 97\% on Hockey (demonstrating a substantial 10.84\% improvement), and 75\% on the Surveillance Camera Fight Dataset (SCFD) (indicating a 3\% improvement). Finally, we propose a new model that reduces the multi-head attention-based convolutional LSTM to a 1D convolution layer. Our empirical results demonstrate that this model performs on par with, and in some cases outperforms, existing models while requiring fewer trainable parameters, reduction by a factor of 2.74 and exhibiting reduced training and testing times.
Scaling the Digital Divide: The Effects of the Digital Divide on Rural Texas Students
Creators: name: Wang, Emily
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: digital divide
technology
education
rural
broadband
connectivity
Internet

description: Nearly 275,000 Texas students lack bandwidth needed for digital learning and there are more schools in rural areas in Texas than in any other state. The question my thesis will be exploring is: To what extent does the digital divide (more specifically, the lack of broadband Internet access) impact student performance (graduation rates, standardized testing scores) and opportunity (percentage of students that proceed with higher education) in rural vs. urban regions in Texas high schools? I will first consider the existing research that has been conducted in the field of digital divide to understand the reach and impact of the divide. Second, I will conduct a quantitative analysis comparing student performance on end-of-course exams with broadband access rates. Third, I will analyze the effectiveness of current legislation addressing digital divide and propose my own recommendations for future policies.
Atomic and electronic structure transformations of silver nanoparticles under rapid cooling conditions
Creators: name: Lobato, I.
name: Rojas, J.
name: Landauro, C. V.
name: Torres, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structural evolution and dynamics of silver nanodrops Ag${}_{2896}$ (4.4 nm in diameter) during rapid cooling conditions has been studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations and electronic density of state calculations. The interaction of silver atoms is modeled by a tight-binding semiempirical interatomic potential proposed by Cleri and Rosato. The pair correlation functions and the pair analysis technique is applied to reveal the structural transition in the process of solidification. It is shown that Ag nanoparticles evolve into different nanostructures under different cooling processes. At a cooling rate of $1.5625\times10^{13} Ks^{-1}$ the nanoparticles preserve an amorphous like structure containing a large amount of 1551 and 1541 pairs which correspond to the icosahedral symmetry. For a lower cooling rate ($1.5625\times10^{12} Ks^{-1}$), the nanoparticles transform into a crystal-like structure consisting mainly of 1421 and 1422 pairs which correspond to the fcc and hcp structures, respectively. The variations of the electronic density of states for the differently cooled nanoparticles are small but in correspondence with the structural changes.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Parametrization of the Relative Amplitude of Geomagnetic and Askaryan Radio Emission from Cosmic-Ray Air Showers using CORSIKA/CoREAS Simulations (ICRC2021)
Creators: name: Paudel, Ek Narayan
name: Coleman, Alan
name: Schroeder, Frank G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic rays are messengers from highly energetic events in the Universe. These rare ultra-high-energy particles can be detected efficiently and in an affordable way using large arrays of radio antennas. Linearly polarized geomagnetic emission is the dominant emission mechanism produced when charged particles in air showers get deflected in the Earth's magnetic field. The sub-dominant Askaryan emission is radially polarized and produced due to the time-varying negative-charge excess in the shower front. The relative amplitude of these two emission components depends on various air shower parameters, such as the arrival direction and the depth of the shower maximum. We studied these dependencies using CoREAS simulations of the radio emission from air showers at the South Pole using a star-shaped antenna layout. On the one hand, the parametrization of the Askaryan-to-geomagnetic ratio can be used as input for a more accurate reconstruction of the shower energy. On the other hand, if measured precisely enough, this ratio may provide a new method to reconstruct the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum.
description: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2021)
Electrostatic description of 3d $\mathcal{N}=4$ linear quivers
Creators: name: Akhond, Mohammad
name: Legramandi, Andrea
name: Nunez, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the holographic dual for the strongly coupled, low energy dynamics of balanced ${\cal N}=4$ field theories in $(2+1)$ dimensions. The infinite family of Type IIB backgrounds with AdS$_4\times S^2\times S^2$ factors is described in terms of a Laplace problem with suitable boundary conditions. The system describes an array of D3, NS5 and D5 branes. We study various aspects of these Hanany--Witten set-ups (number of branes, linking numbers, dimension of the Higgs and Coulomb branches) and encode them in holographic calculations. A generic expression for the Free Energy/Holographic Central Charge is derived. These quantities are then calculated explicitly in various general examples. We also discuss how Mirror Symmetry is encoded in our Type IIB backgrounds. The connection with previous results in the bibliography is made.
description: 25 pages plus appendices
Heterogeneity in within- and between- host viral dynamics: applications to SARS-CoV-2 in the UK
Creators: name: Green, William
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: Heterogeneity is of central importance in modelling epidemic and pandemic diseases and arises for a variety of reasons. Within-host heterogeneity arises due to differences in viral genomics, the speed and strength of individuals’ immune responses and viral shedding. Between-host heterogeneity arises from differences in contact type and rate, assortativity in mixing and individual behaviour, for instance symptomatic or diagnostic isolation. In this thesis, I start by exploring heterogeneity in viral kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 - first via fitting a hierarchical model to pooled longitudinal testing data. I then use a novel inferential method with single-time point randomised testing data from the REACT study in the UK to simultaneously infer viral kinetics and epidemic dynamics. This method is then built upon using pillar 2 community testing data in the UK, in which we also infer the incubation period distribution. Finally, we look at how heterogeneity affects inference of the reproduction number by deriving and applying a multi-type renewal equation which accounts for heterogeneity arising from discrete groups, for instance accounting for the different infectious profiles for vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. This is applied to SARS-CoV-2 in the UK, and Ebola in West Africa.
Commutativity properties of Quinn spectra
Creators: name: Laures, Gerd
name: McClure, James E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P43, 57R67, 57P10

description: We give a simple sufficient condition for Quinn's "bordism-type" spectra to be weakly equivalent to commutative symmetric ring spectra. We also show that the symmetric signature is (up to weak equivalence) a monoidal transformation between symmetric monoidal functors, which implies that the Sullivan-Ranicki orientation of topological bundles is represented by a ring map between commutative symmetric ring spectra. In the course of proving these statements we give a new description of symmetric L theory which may be of independent interest.
description: 86 pages; final version
DigiVet - Digitalisation of livestock data  to improve veterinary public health WP2 - Deliverable 2.2
Creators: name: Rodriguez Ewerlöf, Ivana
name: Bogaardt, Carlijn
name: Cha, Wonhee
name: Denwood, Matthew
name: Enright, Jessica
name: Hopp, Petter
name: Widgren, Stefan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This report constitutes deliverable 2.2 for the DigiVet project, and gives a description of data workflow for livestock data across several case studies and nations.  It now includes excel spreasheets with data descriptions.
The Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
Creators: name: Ellwanger, Ulrich
name: Hugonie, Cyril
name: Teixeira, Ana M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the theoretical and phenomenological aspects of the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model: the Higgs sector including radiative corrections and the 2-loop beta-functions for all parameters of the general NMSSM; the tadpole and domain wall problems, baryogenesis; NMSSM phenomenology at colliders, B physics and dark matter; specific scenarios as the constrained NMSSM, Gauge Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking, U(1)'-extensions, CP and R-parity violation.
description: 144 pages, 11 figures, corrections in Eqs.(2.2), (2.21), (B.9)
Proposal for an experiment to verify Wigner's rotation at non-relativistic speeds with massive spin-$1/2$ particles
Creators: name: Palge, Veiko
name: Dunningham, Jacob
name: Hasegawa, Yuji
name: Pfeifer, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Wigner rotation of quantum particles with spin is one of the fascinating consequences of interplay between special relativity and quantum mechanics. In this paper we show that a direct experimental verification of Wigner's rotation is in principle accessible in the regime of non-relativistic velocities at $\sim 10^3$ m/s for massive spin-$1/2$ particles. We discuss how the experiment could be carried out in a laboratory using cold neutrons. The measurement at non-relativistic velocities becomes possible through letting neutrons propagate for a sufficiently long time because Wigner rotation is a cumulative effect.
description: Added note on beam width and divergence; added DOI and copyright; results unchanged
Relativistic two-fluid hydrodynamics with quantized vorticity from the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation
Creators: name: Xiong, Chi
name: Huang, Kerson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a relativistic two-fluid model of superfluidity, in which the superfluid is described by an order parameter that is a complex scalar field satisfying the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation (NLKG). The coupling to the normal fluid is introduced via a covariant current-current interaction, which results in the addition of an effective potential, whose imaginary part describes particle transfer between superfluid and normal fluid. Quantized vorticity arises in a class of singular solutions and the related vortex dynamics is incorporated in the modified NLKG, facilitating numerical analysis which is usually very complicated in the phenomenology of vortex filaments. The dual transformation to a string theory description (Kalb-Ramond) of quantum vorticity, the Magnus force and the mutual friction between quantized vortices and normal fluid are also studied.
description: 20 pages, no figure
Mirror symmetry for Nahm branes
Creators: name: Franco, Emilio
name: Jardim, Marcos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14D20, 14H60, 14J33

description: The Dirac--Higgs bundle is a hyperholomorphic bundle over the moduli space of stable Higgs bundles of coprime rank and degree. We provide an algebraic generalization to the case of trivial degree and the rank higher than $1$. This allow us to generalize to this case the Nahm transform defined by Frejlich and the second named author, which, out of a stable Higgs bundle, produces a vector bundle with connection over the moduli space of rank 1 Higgs bundles. By performing the higher rank Nahm transform we obtain a hyperholomorphic bundle with connection over the moduli space of stable Higgs bundles of rank $n$ and degree 0, twisted by the gerbe of liftings of the projective universal bundle.
 Such hyperholomorphic vector bundles over the moduli space of stable Higgs bundles can be seen, in the physicist's language, as BBB-branes twisted by the above mentioned gerbe. We refer to these objects as Nahm branes. Finally, we study the behaviour of Nahm branes under Fourier--Mukai transform over the smooth locus of the Hitchin fibration, checking that the resulting objects are supported on a Lagrangian multisection of the Hitchin fibration, so they describe partial data of BAA-branes.
description: 29 pages. Final version
Fermi-GBM Observations of GRB 210812A: Signatures of a Million Solar Mass Gravitational Lens
Creators: name: Veres, P.
name: Bhat, N.
name: Fraija, N.
name: Lesage, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observing gravitationally lensed objects in the time domain is difficult, and well-observed time-varying sources are rare. Lensed gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) offer improved timing precision to this class of objects complementing observations of quasars and supernovae. The rate of lensed GRBs is highly uncertain, approximately 1 in 1000. The Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has observed more than 3000 GRBs making it an ideal instrument to uncover lensed bursts. Here we present observations of GRB 210812A showing two emission episodes, separated by 33.3 s, and with flux ratio of about 4.5. An exhaustive temporal and spectral analysis shows that the two emission episodes have the same pulse and spectral shape, which poses challenges to GRB models. We report multiple lines of evidence for a gravitational lens origin. In particular, modeling the lightcurve using nested sampling we uncover strong evidence in favor of the lensing scenario. Assuming a point mass lens, the mass of the lensing object is about 1 million solar masses. High-resolution radio imaging is needed for future lens candidates to derive tighter constraints.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, AAS journals accepted (ApJL)
Interactions of cosmological gravitational waves and magnetic fields
Creators: name: Fenu, Elisa
name: Durrer, Ruth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy momentum tensor of a magnetic field always contains a spin-2 component in its anisotropic stress and therefore generates gravitational waves. It has been argued in the literature (Caprini & Durrer \cite{CD}) that this gravitational wave production can be very strong and that back-reaction cannot be neglected. On the other hand, a gravitational wave background does affect the evolution of magnetic fields. It has also been argued (Tsagas et al. \cite{Tsagas:2001ak},\cite{Tsagas:2005ki}) that this can lead to very strong amplification of a primordial magnetic field. In this paper we revisit these claims and study back reaction to second order.
description: Added references, accepted for publication in PRD
Information theory and renormalization group flows
Creators: name: Apenko, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a possible approach to the study of the renormalization group (RG) flow based entirely on the information theory. The average information loss under a single step of Wilsonian RG transformation is evaluated as a conditional entropy of the fast variables, which are integrated out, when the slow ones are held fixed. Its positivity results in the monotonic decrease of the informational entropy under renormalization. This, however, does not necessarily imply the irreversibility of the RG flow, because the entropy explicitly depends on the total number of degrees of freedom, which is reduced. Only some size-independent additive part of the entropy could possibly provide the required Lyapunov function. We also introduce a mutual information of fast and slow variables as probably a more adequate quantity to represent the changes in the system under renormalization and evaluate it for some simple systems. It is shown that for certain real space decimation transformations the positivity of the mutual information directly leads to the monotonic growth of the entropy per lattice site along the RG flow and hence to its irreversibility.
description: 13 pages, an extended version of talks given at MECO 35 and at 11-th Granada seminar on Statistical Physics; final version with more examples added, to appear in Physica A