cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fluid inclusions in fibrous and octahedrally-grown diamonds
Creators: name: Smith, Evan Mathew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: My thesis puts forth new models for diamond formation that explain the difference between octahedral and fibrous diamond growth, as well as the difference between octahedral diamond growth in the lithospheric and the sublithospheric mantle. Diamond growth in the mantle involves reactions between carbon-bearing fluid and the host rocks it infiltrates. This fluid is sometimes included in diamond. Fluids in dendritically-grown, fibrous diamonds from Wawa, Superior craton, were analysed in a novel way, using transmission X-ray diffraction. The technique allows bulk analysis of daughter minerals within fluid inclusions. The mineralogy, major and trace elements, Sr isotopes, volatiles, and nitrogen characteristics of the hydrous saline–high-Mg carbonatitic fluid in these Archean diamonds strongly resemble those of Phanerozoic fibrous diamonds. This implies that some mantle processes, including the formation of fibrous diamonds, can be extended unvaryingly back to 2.7 Ga. Fluid equilibrated with octahedrally-grown diamonds from the Siberian, Kaapvaal, and Congo cratons is trapped in healed fractures in the diamonds. They contain anhydrous CO₂–N₂ fluid inclusions with 40±4 mol% N₂ and inclusions of former silicate melt that had an original N₂ content of ~0.1 wt%, as shown by Raman, electron microprobe, and microthermometry analyses. The liberation of N₂ from the convecting mantle is proposed to be controlled by increasing oxygen fugacity that destabilizes host phases. The observed distinct fluid compositions between hydrous fluids in fibrous and anhydrous fluids in octahedrally-grown diamond entail distinct processes of diamond formation that, ultimately, govern the growth habit. Water may trigger fibrous growth by inhibiting the expansion of {111} layers and lowering the interfacial energy between the diamond and fluid. Certain features in diamond fluids, such as Eu anomalies and potential carbonate–CO₂ isotopic fractionation, show that several mantle processes can produce geochemical signatures that may be mistaken as input from subducted materials. The finding of N₂ in diamond-forming fluids leads to an explanation for the characteristically low N content of sublithospheric diamonds. I propose this compositional trait is due to growth in a metal-saturated environment. Metallic Fe in the mantle below ~250 km should trap N and may be the largest mantle N reservoir.
Policy and regulatory frameworks for agritourism development in India: A scoping review
Creators: name: Dsouza, Komal Jenifer
name: Shetty, Ankitha
name: Damodar, Pooja
name: Dogra, Jeet
name: Gudi, Nachiket
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Among the many verticals in India’s rich kaleidoscope of tourism services, agritourism offers a vivid rural experience to tourists. National and state-level tourism policies focused on agritourism play a pivotal role in its performance enhancement. Despite its potential, the country needs a foundational framework through a National Tourism Policy. This missing link encouraged us to conduct a scoping review to synthesize and understand policy interventions in India aimed at promoting agritourism by following the guidelines espoused by Arksey and O’Malley. Individual policies of India’s states and union territories were synthesized to understand the significance of agritourism in the region. We also searched for scientific articles on Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar that focused on agritourism development through policy dimensions and regulatory frameworks. The results are presented through the lens of Carol Bacchi's framework. In the final review, 23 documents were included. Our findings reflect an urgent need to develop and implement policies that define strategic and financial support to encourage farmers to take up agritourism on their land. In addition, the development of agritourism policies must be followed by implementation and monitoring through definitive institutional mechanisms.
Solitons as Probes of the Structure of Holographic Superfluids
Creators: name: Keränen, Ville
name: Keski-Vakkuri, Esko
name: Nowling, Sean
name: Yogendran, K. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detailed features of solitons in holographic superfluids are discussed. Using solitons as probes, we study the behavior of holographic superfluids by varying the scaling dimension of the condensing operator, and build a comparison to the BEC-BCS comparison phenomena. Further evidence for this analogy is provided by the behavior of solitons' length scales as well as by the superfluid critical velocity.
description: Contribution to the NJP Focus Issue on "Strongly Correlated Quantum fluids"
The role of tax competition in internal territorial tax regimes: Federal States and the European Union
Creators: name: Masbernat, Patricio
name: Ramos Fuentes, Gloria
Publisher: name: Studi Tributari Europei
Year: 2018

description: This paper carries out a reflection, from a comparative perspective, on tax competition within the federal states, especially in the countries of America and Europe. For this, the authors explain the different aspects of the problem: fiscal competition; the decentralization and federalism and its fiscal effect; the fiscal federalism; and the tax competition in federal states. The authors seek to explain these phenomena and evaluate the positive and negative arguments that have been given about tax competition in this context. The authors describe how fiscal decentralization and fiscal competition are phenomena that have overpassed the Federal States and has been extended to countries with other forms of State.
description: Studi Tributari Europei, Vol 7 (2017)
Fractional polarization and magnetic fields in the ICM
Creators: name: Bonafede, A.
name: Govoni, F.
name: Feretti, L.
name: Murgia, M.
name: Giovannini, G.
name: Brueggen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this work is to investigate the average properties of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) magnetic fields, and to search for possible correlations with the ICM thermal properties and cluster radio emission. We have selected a sample of 39 massive galaxy clusters from the HIghest X-ray FLUx Galaxy Cluster Sample, and used Northern VLA Sky Survey data to analyze the fractional polarization of radio sources out to 10 core radii from the cluster centers. Following Murgia et al (2004), we have investigated how different magnetic field strengths affect the observed polarized emission of sources lying at different projected distances from the cluster center. In addition, statistical tests are performed to investigate the fractional polarization trends in clusters with different thermal and non-thermal properties. We find a trend of the fractional polarization with the cluster impact parameter, with fractional polarization increasing at the cluster periphery and decreasing toward the cluster center. Such trend can be reproduced by a magnetic field model with central value of few $μ$G. The logrank statistical test indicates that there are no differences in the depolarization trend observed in cluster with and without radio halo, while the same test indicates significant differences when the depolarization trend of sources in clusters with and without cool core are compared. The comparison between clusters with high and low temperatures does not yields significant differences. Although therole of the gas density should be better accounted for, these results give important indications for models that require a role of the ICM magnetic field to explain the presence of cool core and radio halos in galaxy clusters.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Galaxy formation hydrodynamics: From cosmic flows to star-forming clouds
Creators: name: Bournaud, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Major progress has been made over the last few years in understanding hydrodynamical processes on cosmological scales, in particular how galaxies get their baryons. There is increasing recognition that a large part of the baryons accrete smoothly onto galaxies, and that internal evolution processes play a major role in shaping galaxies - mergers are not necessarily the dominant process. However, predictions from the various assembly mechanisms are still in large disagreement with the observed properties of galaxies in the nearby Universe. Small-scale processes have a major impact on the global evolution of galaxies over a Hubble time and the usual sub-grid models account for them in a far too uncertain way. Understanding when, where and at which rate galaxies formed their stars becomes crucial to understand the formation of galaxy populations. I discuss recent improvements and current limitations in "resolved" modelling of star formation, aiming at explicitely capturing star-forming instabilities, in cosmological and galaxy-sized simulations. Such models need to develop three-dimensional turbulence in the ISM, which requires parsec-scale resolution at redshift zero.
description: To appear in the proceedings for IAU Symposium 270: Computational Star Formation (eds. Alves, Elmegreen, Girart, Trimble)
AMERICAN NOVELLA IN S.FITZGERALD WORKS
Creators: name: Master of Al Buckhary university Mo'minova Dilnoza Abdullajon qizi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: F. Scott Fitzgerald, a prominent American author of the 20th century, is best known for his novels such as "The Great Gatsby" and "Tender Is the Night." However, he also wrote several novellas that are worth exploring. One of his notable novellas is "The Diamond as Big as the Ritz," which tells the story of a young man who discovers a family with a secret that leads to unimaginable wealth. Another well-known novella by Fitzgerald is "May Day," which is set in New York City during the post-World War I era and explores themes of class struggle and disillusionment. These novellas showcase Fitzgerald's skill in capturing the essence of the American experience and are essential reads for fans of his work.
Keywords: Fitzgerald, fantastic, novel, Gatsby
Computational modelling and haemodynamic investigation of intracranial aneurysms before and after flow-diversion treatment
Creators: name: Li, Yujie
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Haemodynamic information is believed to be one of the most crucial factors affecting the initiation, development, growth, and rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). Many studies of haemodynamic simulation contribute to the understanding of aneurysmal flow dynamics; however, clarification and justification of the validity of simulation results inconclusive remains. Besides, for most simulations of flow-diversion effect using a model flow-diverting (FD) stent, the properties of model FD stents failed to be calibrated to match the represented device, which would lead to inaccurate predictions of flow-diversion efficacy. Thus, this study aims to discover the factors that contribute to a more accurate and comprehensive simulation of aneurysmal haemodynamics and its flow-diversion treatment. Two main aspects were investigated in this thesis : 1) evaluation of the accuracy of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions of aneurysmal haemodynamics before and after FD stent treatment, by comparing to in vivo and in vitro observation s; and 2 ) investigation of the practicality of using porous medium (PM) stent models, with calibrati on of stent model parameters to represent the commercially available FD stents, by derivation of parameters like permeability (k) that account for the flow resistance induced by the model stent.
 To meet these needs, haemodynamic investigations of IAs and their flow-diversion treatments have been performed using different approaches. In Chapter 3 and 4, the validity of CFD predictions of aneurysmal haemodynamics was evaluated, by comparing the resolved velocity field in patient-specific aneurysms with experimental methods, such as particle image velocimetry (PIV) and phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PCMRI). By comparing against a physical stent model, the PM model stent was found to be a practical tool to assist flow-iversion simulation. In Chapter 5 and 6, the PM model thickness range that would help to retain the simulation benefits without compromising the accuracy was first confirmed; then PM model FD stents were respectively calibrated to reflect the flow resistance created by several treatment modes using commercially available FD stents. Overall, CFD prediction is proved to be able to accurately resolve the aneurysmal flow dynamics , and the investigation of calibrated PM stent modelling provides an individualised method that is more efficient than CFD simulations with a fully-resolved stent model yet retains simulation accuracy. These studies substantially contribute to an improved validity of aneurysmal haemodynamic simulation, thereby enhancing the clinical relevance of such aneurysmal haemodynamic studies in the future.
$L_{p}[0,1] \setminus \bigcup\limits_{q>p} L_{q}[0,1]$ is spaceable for every $p>0$
Creators: name: Botelho, G.
name: Fávaro, V. V.
name: Pellegrino, D.
name: Seoane-Sepúlveda, J. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this short note we prove the result stated in the title; that is, for every $p>0$ there exists an infinite dimensional closed linear subspace of $L_{p}[0,1]$ every nonzero element of which does not belong to $\bigcup\limits_{q>p} L_{q}[0,1]$. This answers in the positive a question raised in 2010 by R. M. Aron on the spaceability of the above sets (for both, the Banach and quasi-Banach cases). We also complete some recent results from \cite{BDFP} for subsets of sequence spaces.
description: 3 pages
Gas Clumping in the Outskirts of Lambda-CDM Clusters
Creators: name: Nagai, Daisuke
name: Lau, Erwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent Suzaku X-ray observations revealed that the observed entropy profile of the intracluster medium (ICM) deviates significantly from the prediction of hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy clusters. In this work, we show that gas clumping introduces significant biases in X-ray measurements of the ICM profiles in the outskirts of galaxy clusters. Using hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy cluster formation in a concordance Lambda-CDM model, we demonstrate that gas clumping leads to an overestimate of the observed gas density and causes flattening of the entropy profile. Our results suggest that gas clumping must be taken into account when interpreting X-ray measurements of cluster outskirts.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters (5 pages, 5 figures)
Recent Progress on a Manifold Damped and Detuned Structure for CLIC
Creators: name: Khan, V. F.
name: D'Elia, A.
name: Grudiev, A.
name: Jones, R. M.
name: Wuensch, W.
name: Zennaro, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A damped detuned structure for the main X-band linacs of CLIC is being investigated as an alternative design to the present baseline heavily damped structure. In our earlier designs we studied detuned structures, operating at 11.994 GHz, with a range of dipole bandwidths in order to ensure the structure satisfies beam dynamics and rf breakdown constraints. Here we report on the development of a damped and detuned structure which satisfies both constraints. Preparations for high power testing of the structure are also discussed
description: Presented at First International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC'10, Kyoto, Japan, from 23 to 28 May 2010
Rapid generation of angular momentum in bounded magnetized plasma
Creators: name: Bos, Wouter J. T.
name: Neffaa, Salah
name: Schneider, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct numerical simulations of two-dimensional decaying MHD turbulence in bounded domains show the rapid generation of angular momentum in nonaxisymmetric geometries. It is found that magnetic fluctuations enhance this mechanism. On a larger time scale, the generation of a magnetic angular momentum, or angular field, is observed. For axisymmetric geometries, the generation of angular momentum is absent; nevertheless, a weak magnetic field can be observed. The derived evolution equations for both the angular momentum and angular field yield possible explanations for the observed behavior.
РОЛЬ ДОШКОЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ В ЖИЗНИ ЧЕЛОВЕКА
Creators: name: Сапаров Абат Турсынбаевич Нукусский Государственный Педагогический Институт Заведующий кафедрой дошкольного образования и дефектологии
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Всем известно, что ранний возраст – это самый чувствительный период в жизни человека. Он характеризуется быстрыми изменениями в физическом, языковом, социальном и эмоциональном развитии. В дaннoй cтaтьe рaccмaтривaютcя роль дошкольного образования в жизни человека.
Ключeвыe cлoвa: дошкольное образование, знания, умения и навыки, мышление, память, внимание, воображение и речь.
Narrow-band high-lying excitons with negative-mass electrons in monolayer WSe 2
Creators: name: Lin, Kai-Qiang
name: Ong, Chin Shen
name: Bange, Sebastian
name: Faria Junior, Paulo E.
name: Peng, Bo
name: Ziegler, Jonas D.
name: Zipfel, Jonas
name: Bäuml, Christian
name: Paradiso, Nicola
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Strunk, Christoph
name: Monserrat, Bartomeu
name: Fabian, Jaroslav
name: Chernikov, Alexey
name: Qiu, Diana Y.
name: Louie, Steven G.
name: Lupton, John M.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/639/766/119/1000/1018
/639/766/400/482
/147
/132
/140/125
article

description: Abstract: Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) show a wealth of exciton physics. Here, we report the existence of a new excitonic species, the high-lying exciton (HX), in single-layer WSe2 with an energy of ~3.4 eV, almost twice the band-edge A-exciton energy, with a linewidth as narrow as 5.8 meV. The HX is populated through momentum-selective optical excitation in the K-valleys and is identified in upconverted photoluminescence (UPL) in the UV spectral region. Strong electron-phonon coupling results in a cascaded phonon progression with equidistant peaks in the luminescence spectrum, resolvable to ninth order. Ab initio GW-BSE calculations with full electron-hole correlations explain HX formation and unmask the admixture of upper conduction-band states to this complex many-body excitation. These calculations suggest that the HX is comprised of electrons of negative mass. The coincidence of such high-lying excitonic species at around twice the energy of band-edge excitons rationalizes the excitonic quantum-interference phenomenon recently discovered in optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) and explains the efficient Auger-like annihilation of band-edge excitons.
Uncovering the Spectral Energy Distribution in Active Galaxies Using High Ionization Mid-infrared Emission Lines
Creators: name: Meléndez, M.
name: Kraemer, S. B.
name: Weaver, K. A.
name: Mushotzky, R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The shape of the spectral energy distribution of active galaxies in the EUV--soft X-ray band (13.6 eV to 1 keV) is uncertain because obscuration by dust and gas can hamper our view of the continuum. To investigate the shape of the spectral energy distribution in this energy band, we have generated a set of photoionization models which reproduce the small dispersion found in correlations between high-ionization mid-infrared emission lines in a sample of hard X-ray selected AGN. Our calculations show that a broken power-law continuum model is sufficient to reproduce the [Ne V]14.32 mm/[NeIII], [Ne V]24.32mm/[O IV]25.89mm and [O IV] 25.89mm/[Ne III] ratios, and does not require the addition of a "big bump" EUV model component. We constrain the EUV--soft X-ray slope, alpha_i, to be between 1.5 -- 2.0 and derive a best fit of alpha_i ~ 1.9 for Seyfert 1 galaxies, consistent with previous studies of intermediate redshift quasars. If we assume a blue bump model, most sources in our sample have derived temperatures between T_{BB}=10^{5.18} K to 10^{5.7} K, suggesting that the peak of this component spans a large range of energies extending from ~ lambda 600A to lambda 1900A. In this case, the best fitting peak energy that matches the mid-infrared line ratios of Seyfert 1 galaxies occurs between ~ lambda 700--1000A. Despite the fact that our results do not rule out the presence of an EUV bump, we conclude that our power-law model produces enough photons with energies > 4 Ry to generate the observed amount of mid-infrared emission in our sample of BAT AGN.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. 11 Figures
Model Independent Tests of Cosmic Gravity
Creators: name: Linder, Eric V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitation governs the expansion and fate of the universe, and the growth of large scale structure within it, but has not been tested in detail on these cosmic scales. The observed acceleration of the expansion may provide signs of gravitational laws beyond general relativity. Since the form of any such extension is not clear, from either theory or data, we adopt a model independent approach to parametrising deviations to the Einstein framework. We explore the phase space dynamics of two key post-GR functions and derive a classification scheme and an absolute criterion on accuracy necessary for distinguishing classes of gravity models. Future surveys will be able to constrain the post-GR functions' amplitudes and forms to the required precision, and hence reveal new aspects of gravitation.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Entangled random pure states with orthogonal symmetry: exact results
Creators: name: Vivo, Pierpaolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute analytically the density $\varrho_{N,M}(λ)$ of Schmidt eigenvalues, distributed according to a fixed-trace Wishart-Laguerre measure, and the average Rényi entropy $\langle\mathcal{S}_q\rangle$ for reduced density matrices of entangled random pure states with orthogonal symmetry $(β=1)$. The results are valid for arbitrary dimensions $N=2k,M$ of the corresponding Hilbert space partitions, and are in excellent agreement with numerical simulations.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
VARIETIES OF BEEF AND CULINARY CHARACTERISTICS
Creators: name: S.O. Kazakova. O. H. Temirov.  A.A. Turobov. O.B. Tokhtayev Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Husbandry and Biotechnology
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Provide an understanding of the characteristics of beef and its use. Elucidating the energy and value of meat, the method of deodorization, boiling, frying, steaming, and all other heat treatment methods. It consists of clarifying the advantages of cooking and consumption with what products.
Keywords: meat, loin, fat, muscle tissue, breast, breast, thigh, shoulder, back, thigh, leg, rump, etc.
Loss of p53 in mesenchymal stem cells promotes alteration of bone remodeling through negative regulation of osteoprotegerin
Creators: name: Velletri, Tania
name: Huang, Yin
name: Wang, Yu
name: Li, Qing
name: Hu, Mingyuan
name: Xie, Ningxia
name: Yang, Qian
name: Chen, Xiaodong
name: Chen, Qing
name: Shou, Peishun
name: Gan, Yurun
name: Candi, Eleonora
name: Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli, Margherita
name: Agostini, Massimiliano
name: Yang, Huilin
name: Melino, Gerry
name: Shi, Yufang
name: Wang, Ying
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
/631/80
/692/420
/13/1
/64/60
/13/31
/96/100
article

description: Abstract: p53 plays a pivotal role in controlling the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by regulating genes involved in cell cycle and early steps of differentiation process. In the context of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and bone homeostasis, the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand/receptor activator of NF-κB (OPG/RANKL/RANK) axis is a critical signaling pathway. The absence or loss of function of p53 has been implicated in aberrant osteogenic differentiation of MSCs that results in higher bone formation versus erosion, leading to an unbalanced bone remodeling. Here, we show by microCT that mice with p53 deletion systemically or specifically in mesenchymal cells possess significantly higher bone density than their respective littermate controls. There is a negative correlation between p53 and OPG both in vivo by analysis of serum from p53+/+, p53+/−, and p53−/− mice and in vitro by p53 knockdown and ChIP assay in MSCs. Notably, high expression of Opg or its combination with low level of p53 are prominent features in clinical cancer lesion of osteosarcoma and prostate cancer respectively, which correlate with poor survival. Intra-bone marrow injection of prostate cancer cells, together with androgen can suppress p53 expression and enhance local Opg expression, leading to an enhancement of bone density. Our results support the notion that MSCs, as osteoblast progenitor cells and one major component of bone microenvironment, represent a cellular source of OPG, whose amount is regulated by the p53 status. It also highlights a key role for the p53-OPG axis in regulating the cancer associated bone remodeling.
Micro-CT analysis of paraffin embedded lung tissue : is small airway obstruction an early feature of COPD?
Creators: name: Koo, Hyun-Kyoung
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: Rationale: Airflow obstruction, the hallmark characteristic of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has long been attributed to a combination of small airways disease and emphysematous destruction, however, the relative role of each pathological feature has not been well understood. McDonough et al., recently reported a significant reduction in terminal bronchiolar number in end-stage COPD compared to healthy controls. Further, the study reported that the loss of terminal bronchioles occurred in regions of lung with and without emphysema, posing the question, which pathological event occurs first? Hypothesis: Narrowing and obliteration of small airways precedes emphysematous destruction in COPD. Methods: Lung samples obtained from patients undergoing surgical treatment for lung cancer were formalin inflated, sliced and sampled prior to paraffin embedding (FFPE). A Nikon Metrology micro-CT scanner was used to scan these FFPE cores, and volumetric data sets were examined to determine the number of terminal bronchioles/ml (TB/ml) and presence of emphysema using mean linear intercept (Lm). Semi-automatic segmentation enabled 3D reconstruction of the airways to characterize structure and calibre, and scout for regions of interest that were sectioned and stained with Movat’s Pentachrome, for analysis of airway morphology. Results: Using a novel combination of multidetector-CT, micro-CT and histology, this study demonstrates that micro-CT scans of FFPE cores provide adequate contrast to determine Lm values that were validated by histology. We report that the number of terminal bronchioles/ml is significantly decreased from 6.2 TB/ml in the controls, to 4.6 TB/ml in mild/moderate COPD patients. When the number of TB/ml is compared to Lm we demonstrate that terminal bronchioles are destroyed in tissues where no emphysema is present. These lesions were confirmed by histology, using the micro-CT images to precisely locate the airway lesions, enabling efficient sectioning of the FFPE cores for further characterization. Conclusions: Treatment of COPD has traditionally focused on patients with severe disease and no current pharmacological therapies have been shown to affect long term, lung function decline. Our findings suggest that irreversible pathological events occur in the early stages of disease and emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and intervention to modify the progression of this debilitating respiratory disorder.
Hadronic contribution to the muon g-2 from a Dyson-Schwinger perspective
Creators: name: Goecke, Tobias
name: Fischer, Christian S.
name: Williams, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel approach towards the hadronic contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon $a_μ$ is presented, namely the Dyson-Schwinger equations of QCD. It has the advantage of being valid for all momentum scales and has the potential to address off-shell amplitudes. We present our first results for the pseudoscalar (PS) meson exchange and the quark loop contributions. The meson exchange ($π^0, η, η'$), $a_μ^{\textrm{LBL;PS}}=(84 \pm 13)\times 10^{-11}$, is commensurate with previous calculations, while the quark loop contribution $a_μ^{\textrm{LBL;quarkloop}} = (107 \pm 48)\times 10^{-11}$, is strongly enhanced by vertex dressing effects in the quark photon vertex. Taken seriously this leads to the estimate of $a_μ=116\,591\,865.0(96.6)\times 10^{-11}$, giving a 1.9 $σ$ deviation between theory and experiment.
description: 3 pages, 5 figures; Contribution to the proceedings of `Quark Confinement And The Hadron Spectrum IX', Madrid, Sept. 2010
Resonant elastic soft x-ray scattering in oxygen-ordered YBa_2Cu_3O_{6+delta}
Creators: name: Hawthorn, D. G.
name: Shen, K. M.
name: Geck, J.
name: Peets, D. C.
name: Wadati, H.
name: Okamoto, J.
name: Huang, S. -W.
name: Huang, D. J.
name: Lin, H. -J.
name: Denlinger, J. D.
name: Liang, Ruixing
name: Bonn, D. A.
name: Hardy, W. N.
name: Sawatzky, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Static charge-density wave (CDW) and spin-density wave (SDW) order has been convincingly observed in La-based cuprates for some time. However, more recently it has been suggested by quantum oscillation, transport and thermodynamic measurements that density wave order is generic to underdoped cuprates and plays a significant role in YBa_2Cu_3O_{6+delta} (YBCO). We use resonant soft x-ray scattering at the Cu L and O K edges to search for evidence of density wave order in Ortho-II and Ortho-VIII oxygen-ordered YBCO. We report a null result -- no evidence for static CDW order -- in both Ortho-II and Ortho-VIII ordered YBCO. While this does not rule out static CDW order in the CuO_2 planes of YBCO, these measurements place limits on the parameter space (temperature, magnetic field, scattering vector) in which static CDW order may exist. In addition, we present a detailed analysis of the energy and polarization dependence of the Ortho-II superstructure Bragg reflection [0.5 0 0] at the Cu L edge. The intensity of this peak, which is due to the valence modulations of Cu in the chain layer, is compared with calculations using atomic scattering form factors deduced from x-ray absorption measurements. The calculated energy and polarization dependence of the scattering intensity is shown to agree very well with the measurement, validating the approach and providing a framework for analyzing future resonant soft x-ray scattering measurements.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Detection of Satellite Remnants in the Galactic Halo with Gaia - II. A modified Great Circle Cell Method
Creators: name: Mateu, Cecilia
name: Bruzual, Gustavo
name: Aguilar, Luis
name: Brown, Anthony
name: Valenzuela, Octavio
name: Carigi, Leticia
name: Hernandez, Fabiola
name: Velazquez, Hector
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an extension of the GC3 streamer finding method of Johnston et al. 1996 that can be applied to the future Gaia database. The original method looks for streamers along great circles in the sky, our extension adds the kinematical restriction that velocity vectors should also be constrained to lie along these great circles, as seen by a Galactocentric observer. We show how to use these combined criteria starting from heliocentric observables. We test it by using the mock Gaia catalogue of Brown et al. 2005, which includes a realistic Galactic background and observational errors, but with the addition of detailed star formation histories for the simulated satellites. We investigate its success rate as a function of initial satellite luminosity, star formation history and orbit. We find that the inclusion of the kinematical restriction vastly enhances the contrast between a streamer and the background, even in the presence of observational errors, provided we use only data with good astrometric quality (fractional errors of 30 per cent or better). The global nature of the method diminishes the erasing effect of phase mixing and permits the recovery of merger events of reasonable dynamical age. Satellites with a star formation history different to that of the Galactic background are also better isolated. We find that satellites in the range of 10^8-10^9 Lsun can be recovered even for events as old as ~10 Gyr. Even satellites with 4-5x10^7 Lsun can be recovered for certain combinations of dynamical ages and orbits.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Lesion site and therapy time predict responses to a therapy for anomia after stroke: a prognostic model development study
Creators: name: Hope, Thomas M. H.
name: Nardo, Davide
name: Holland, Rachel
name: Ondobaka, Sasha
name: Akkad, Haya
name: Price, Cathy J.
name: Leff, Alexander P.
name: Crinion, Jenny
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/692/617
/692/617/375
/692/617/375/534
article

description: Funder: Medical Research Council
description: Funder: The Stroke Association
description: Abstract: Stroke is a leading cause of disability, and language impairments (aphasia) after stroke are both common and particularly feared. Most stroke survivors with aphasia exhibit anomia (difficulties with naming common objects), but while many therapeutic interventions for anomia have been proposed, treatment effects are typically much larger in some patients than others. Here, we asked whether that variation might be more systematic, and even predictable, than previously thought. 18 patients, each at least 6 months after left hemisphere stroke, engaged in a computerised treatment for their anomia over a 6-week period. Using only: (a) the patients’ initial accuracy when naming (to-be) trained items; (b) the hours of therapy that they devoted to the therapy; and (c) whole-brain lesion location data, derived from structural MRI; we developed Partial Least Squares regression models to predict the patients’ improvements on treated items, and tested them in cross-validation. Somewhat surprisingly, the best model included only lesion location data and the hours of therapy undertaken. In cross-validation, this model significantly out-performed the null model, in which the prediction for each patient was simply the mean treatment effect of the group. This model also made promisingly accurate predictions in absolute terms: the correlation between empirical and predicted treatment response was 0.62 (95% CI 0.27, 0.95). Our results indicate that individuals’ variation in response to anomia treatment are, at least somewhat, systematic and predictable, from the interaction between where and how much lesion damage they have suffered, and the time they devoted to the therapy.
A systematic review of antibody mediated immunity to coronaviruses: kinetics, correlates of protection, and association with severity
Creators: name: Huang, Angkana T.
name: Garcia-Carreras, Bernardo
name: Hitchings, Matt D. T.
name: Yang, Bingyi
name: Katzelnick, Leah C.
name: Rattigan, Susan M.
name: Borgert, Brooke A.
name: Moreno, Carlos A.
name: Solomon, Benjamin D.
name: Trimmer-Smith, Luke
name: Etienne, Veronique
name: Rodriguez-Barraquer, Isabel
name: Lessler, Justin
name: Salje, Henrik
name: Burke, Donald S.
name: Wesolowski, Amy
name: Cummings, Derek A. T.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
/631/250/2152/2153/1291
/631/326/596/4130
/631/326/596/2553
/692/699/255/2514
article

description: Funder: John A Watson Faculty Scholar fellowship
description: Abstract: Many public health responses and modeled scenarios for COVID-19 outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV-2 assume that infection results in an immune response that protects individuals from future infections or illness for some amount of time. The presence or absence of protective immunity due to infection or vaccination (when available) will affect future transmission and illness severity. Here, we review the scientific literature on antibody immunity to coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 as well as the related SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs). We reviewed 2,452 abstracts and identified 491 manuscripts relevant to 5 areas of focus: 1) antibody kinetics, 2) correlates of protection, 3) immunopathogenesis, 4) antigenic diversity and cross-reactivity, and 5) population seroprevalence. While further studies of SARS-CoV-2 are necessary to determine immune responses, evidence from other coronaviruses can provide clues and guide future research.
Status of COLDDIAG: A Cold Vacuum Chamber for Diagnostics
Creators: name: Gerstl, S.
name: Baumbach, T.
name: Casalbuoni, S.
name: Grau, A. W.
name: Hagelstein, M.
name: de Jauregui, D. Saez
name: Boffo, C.
name: Sikler, G.
name: Baglin, V.
name: Cox, M. P.
name: Schouten, J. C.
name: Cimino, R.
name: Commisso, M.
name: Spataro, B.
name: Mostacci, A.
name: Wallén, E. J.
name: Weigel, R.
name: Clarke, J.
name: Scott, D.
name: Bradshaw, T. W.
name: Jones, R. M.
name: Shinton, I. R. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the still open issues for the development of superconducting insertion devices is the understanding of the beam heat load. With the aim of measuring the beam heat load to a cold bore and the hope to gain a deeper understanding in the beam heat load mechanisms, a cold vacuum chamber for diagnostics is under construction. The following diagnostics will be implemented: i) retarding field analyzers to measure the electron energy and flux, ii) temperature sensors to measure the total heat load, iii) pressure gauges, iv) and mass spectrometers to measure the gas content. The inner vacuum chamber will be removable in order to test different geometries and materials. This will allow the installation of the cryostat in different synchrotron light sources. COLDDIAG will be built to fit in a short straight section at ANKA. A first installation at the synchrotron light source Diamond is foreseen in June 2011. Here we describe the technical design report of this device and the planned measurements with beam.
description: Presented at First International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC'10, Kyoto, Japan, from 23 to 28 May 2010
NEURO-LINGUISTIC CLASSIFICATION OF EUPHEMIC EXPRESSIONS AND WORDS  IN CONTEMPRORY ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Creators: name: Madaminova Sofiyanur Teacher of Fergana Politecnical institute
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This article explores some similarities and differences of using euphemisms in different spheres of society by male and female members . The two sexes - men and women - are not only biologically diverse, but also have their differences in language use. This article presents a lexical-semantic classification of euphemisms of female sexuality in Uzbek, and analyzes each of the euphemic agents in each group.
Key words:Euphemism , gender, male, female.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of Interaction between Model Rough Hydrophobic Surfaces
Creators: name: Eun, Changsun
name: Berkowitz, Max L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study some aspects of hydrophobic interaction between molecular rough and flexible model surfaces. The model we use in this work is based on a model we used previously (Eun, C.; Berkowitz, M. L. J. Phys. Chem. B 2009, 113, 13222-13228), when we studied the interaction between model patches of lipid membranes. Our original model consisted of two graphene plates with attached polar headgroups; the plates were immersed in a water bath. The interaction between such plates can be considered as an example of a hydrophilic interaction. In the present work we modify our previous model by removing the charge from the zwitterionic headgroups. As a result of this procedure, the plate character changes; it becomes hydrophobic. By separating the total interaction (or potential of mean force, PMF) between plates into the direct and the water-mediated interactions we observe that the latter changes from repulsive to attractive, clearly emphasizing the important role of water as a medium. We also investigate the effect of roughness and flexibility of the headgroups on the interaction between plates and observe that roughness enhances the character of the hydrophobic interaction. The presence of a dewetting transition in a confined space between charge-removed plates confirms that the interaction between plates is strongly hydrophobic. In addition, we notice that there is a shallow local minimum in the PMF in case of charge-removed plates. We find that this minimum is associated with the configurational changes that flexible headgroups undergo, as the two plates are brought together.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures
Implications for megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis from seismic gaps south of Java Indonesia
Creators: name: Widiyantoro, S.
name: Gunawan, E.
name: Muhari, A.
name: Rawlinson, N.
name: Mori, J.
name: Hanifa, N. R.
name: Susilo, S.
name: Supendi, P.
name: Shiddiqi, H. A.
name: Nugraha, A. D.
name: Putra, H. E.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
/704/2151/508
/704/4111
/704/2151/2809
/704/2151/562
article

description: Abstract: Relocation of earthquakes recorded by the agency for meteorology, climatology and geophysics (BMKG) in Indonesia and inversions of global positioning system (GPS) data reveal clear seismic gaps to the south of the island of Java. These gaps may be related to potential sources of future megathrust earthquakes in the region. To assess the expected inundation hazard, tsunami modeling was conducted based on several scenarios involving large tsunamigenic earthquakes generated by ruptures along segments of the megathrust south of Java. The worst-case scenario, in which the two megathrust segments spanning Java rupture simultaneously, shows that tsunami heights can reach ~ 20 m and ~ 12 m on the south coast of West and East Java, respectively, with an average maximum height of 4.5 m along the entire south coast of Java. These results support recent calls for a strengthening of the existing Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (InaTEWS), especially in Java, the most densely populated island in Indonesia.
Judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union on July 25, 2018. Back on the naval tax lease regime
Creators: name: Garcia Novoa, Cesar
Publisher: name: Studi Tributari Europei
Year: 2018
Subjects: tax lease; State aid; Tonnage Tax; European Union Law; European Justice Court; bareboat charter

description: The judgment of the Grand Chamber of the European Union Court of Justice of July 25, 2016 on the tax lease nullifies the judgment of the General Court of 2015. The Grand Chamber argues that there is a lack of motivation.  In addition, the Court questions that investors are the unique possible State aids beneficiaries and not the Economic Interest Groups or the shipping companies.
description: Studi Tributari Europei, Vol 7 (2017)
Gallium Arsenide preparation and QE Lifetime Studies using the ALICE Photocathode Preparation Facility
Creators: name: Chanlek, N.
name: Jones, R. M.
name: Herbert, J. D.
name: Jones, L. B.
name: Middleman, K. J.
name: Militsyn, B. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) type photocathodes have become widely used as electron sources in modern Energy Recovery Linac based light sources such as the Accelerators and Lasers in Combined Experiments (ALICE) at Daresbury Laboratory and as polarised electron source for the proposed International Linear Collider (ILC). Once activated to a Low Electron Affinity (LEA) state and illuminated by a laser, these materials can be used as a high-brightness source of both polarised and un-polarised electrons. This paper presents an effective multi-stage preparation procedure including heat cleaning, atomic hydrogen cleaning and the activation process for a GaAs photocathode. The stability of quantum efficiency (QE) and lifetime of activated to LEA state GaAs photocathode have been studied in the ALICE load-lock photocathode preparation facility which has a base pressure in the order of 10^-11 mbar. These studies are supported by further experimental evidence from surface science techniques such as X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to demonstrate the processes at the atomic level.
description: Presented at First International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC'10, Kyoto, Japan, from 23 to 28 May 2010