cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
AUFTRAGSTAKTIK JA INNERE FÜHRUNG
Creators: name: Freudenberg, Dirk
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: Auftragstaktik (referred to also as “mission command” or “mission-type tactics”) and Innere Führung (“leadership culture in camouflage”) are the leadership principles that determine the leadership culture of the Bundeswehr and the self-determination of its soldiers. With this study, the author aims to disclose the main idea of the two concepts and their interrelations. The comprehensive research carried out by the author reveals that the fundamental principles of Auftragstaktik based on previous wartime situations are deeply intertwined in Innere Führung, a considerably more recent leadership philosophy. The author also addresses the topics related to the existence of armed forces in a democratic society and citizens in military uniforms at the service of democracy. The numerous historical sources, dating mainly from the 20th century, used by the author help clarify the essence of the contemporary discussion of Auftragstaktik.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 11 (2019)
Mining Knowledge Graph for Drug Discovery
Creators: name: Ding, Ying
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Knowledge Graph, Graph Mining, Drug Discovery, Machine Learning, Deep Learning

description: This talk showcases how to mine knowledge graph for drug discovery. It discusses the cutting-edge machine learning and deep learning algorithms to mine a knowledge graph for potential drug and target binding relationships. It highlights the pros and cons of the current mining algorithms and points out forward-looking views about knowledge graph factory and knowledge fingerprint.
Field-emission-assisted approach to dry micro-electro-discharge machining of carbon-nanotube forests
Creators: name: Saleh, Tanveer
name: Dahmardeh, Masoud
name: Bsoul, Anas Amjad Mohammad
name: Nojeh, Alireza
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: This work investigates dry micro-electro-discharge machining (lEDM) of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forests that are used as cathodes in the process, as opposed to conventional lEDM where the material to be machined forms the anode, toward achieving higher precision in the patterned microstructures. The new configuration with the reversed polarity is observed to generate higher discharge currents in the process, presumably due to effective field-emission from CNTs. This effect allows the process to be performed at very low discharge energies, approximately 80 smaller than in the conventional normal-polarity case, with the machining voltage and tolerance down to 10V and 2.5 lm, respectively, enabling high-precision high-aspect-ratio micropatterning in the forests. The new approach is also demonstrated to make the process faster, cleaner, and more stable than conventional processing. Spectroscopic analyses of the forests processed by reverse lEDM show no evidence of significant crystalline deterioration or contamination in the CNTs.
Supplementary Figure S22 from Radial porosity profiles: a new bone histological method for comparative developmental analysis of diametric limb bone growth
Creators: name: Prondvai, Edina
name: Kocsis, Adam T.
name: Abourachid, Anick
name: Adriaens, Dominique
name: Godefroit, Pascal
name: Hu, Dong-Yu
name: Butler, Richard J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: K-means cluster membership distribution of centred RPPs with different cluster numbers exemplified on the complete dataset and centred memberships projected on raw RPPs.
ENESEJUHTIMIST TOETAV UURIMISTÖÖDE JUHENDAMISE MUDEL
Creators: name: Ganina, Svetlana
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: This article provides an overview and an analysis of an action research study conducted by the author over the course of four years, focusing on the role of the supervisor in supporting the process of self-directed academic research writing at the level of professional higher education and master’s studies. Feedback from supervised students and the supervisor’s notes comprise the main inputs for this research. This article focuses on the following four dimensions related to academic research writing: • students’ descriptions of their research writing process; • students’ descriptions of collaboration with the supervisor; • problems experienced by the students in the process of research writing; • students’ understanding of self-directed academic research writing. The results indicate that students must have an adequate understanding of the academic research writing process as a whole and also its various stages. This will enable the supervisor to assist them in that process, while also supporting their role interpretation and behaviour. The research process is further enhanced by successfully identifying problems and lessons learned. The results demonstrate that an adequate understanding and application of principles of self-directed study, something that can be and needs to be developed, plays a critical role in the process of writing an academic research paper.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 10 (2019)
As descobertas científicas de Marie Curie e o seu legado à ciência e à humanidade
Creators: name: Carvalho, Fernando P.
Publisher: name: Revista Captar: Ciência e Ambiente para Todos
Year: 2011

description: O ano de 2011, Ano Internacional da Química, é também o centenário da atribuição do Prémio Nobel da Química a Marie Curie pela descoberta do polónio e do rádio. Para além das descobertas científicas, Marie Curie empenhou-se nas suas aplicações práticas e, em particular, na utilização do rádio no tratamento do cancro. O seu esforço foi compensado com a criação do Instituto do Rádio em Paris, iniciativa rapidamente replicada em muitos países. Com a invenção da radioterapia e da curieterapia, o caminho aberto por Marie Curie permitiu o desenvolvimento de novas aplicações de radionuclidos na medicina e no combate ao cancro. O trabalho científico de Marie Curie (1867-1934) permanece um exemplo de plena atualidade.
description: Revista Captar: Ciência e Ambiente para Todos, vol. 3 n.º 2 (2011)
Supplementary Captions from Radial porosity profiles: a new bone histological method for comparative developmental analysis of diametric limb bone growth
Creators: name: Prondvai, Edina
name: Kocsis, Adam T.
name: Abourachid, Anick
name: Adriaens, Dominique
name: Godefroit, Pascal
name: Hu, Dong-Yu
name: Butler, Richard J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: In fossil tetrapods, limb bone histology is considered the most reliable tool not only for inferring skeletal maturity—a crucial assessment in palaeobiological and evolutionary studies—but also for evaluating the growth dynamics within the ontogenetic window represented by the primary bone cortex. Due to its complex relationship with bone growth and functional maturation, primary cortical vascularity is an indispensable osteohistological character for reconstructing growth dynamics, especially in the context of various developmental strategies along the precocial–altricial spectrum. Using this concept as our working hypothesis, we developed a new quantitative osteohistological parameter, radial porosity profile (RPP), that captures relative cortical porosity changes in limb bones as trajectories. We built a proof-of-concept RPP dataset on extant birds, then added fossil paravian dinosaurs and performed a set of trajectory-grouping analyses to identify potential RPP categories and evaluate them in the context of our ontogeny—developmental strategy working hypothesis. We found that RPPs, indeed, reflect important developmental features within and across elements, specimens and taxa, supporting their analytical power. Our RPPs also revealed unexpected potential osteohistological correlates of growth and functional development of limb bones. The diverse potential applications of RPPs open up new research directions in the evolution of locomotor ontogeny.
Monitorização da comunidade zooplanctónica da Albufeira da Aguieira (Bacia do Mondego, Portugal): que fatores a influenciam?
Creators: name: Geraldes, Ana M.
name: Silva-Santos, Pedro
Publisher: name: Revista Captar: Ciência e Ambiente para Todos
Year: 2011

description: A presente investigação foi realizada na albufeira da Aguieira com o propósito de caracterizar a composição da comunidade zooplanctónica e avaliar a influência de vários parâmetros ambientais na dinâmica desta comunidade. São de salientar a ocorrência de variações sazonais na temperatura, clorofila a, condutividade, pH e na transparência da água. A albufeira foi considerada mesotrófica em janeiro de 2011 e em março de 2010 e eutrófica em maio e setembro de 2010. As flutuações no nível da água, o aumento do estado trófico e o aparecimento de florescências de cianobactérias explicam a predominância dos Rotifera e Copepoda e também a reduzida abundância de zooplâncton herbívoro macrofiltrador (e.g. género Daphnia) nas amostras de maio e setembro. Alterações na qualidade da água e na integridade ecológica das albufeiras refletem-se na composição da comunidade zooplanctónica. Assim, a monitorização desta comunidade é crucial para detetar precocemente sinais de degradação ambiental e para obter dados que permitam desenvolver medidas de gestão adequadas a estes ecossistemas.
description: Revista Captar: Ciência e Ambiente para Todos, vol. 3 n.º 2 (2011)
VEEBIKONVERENTSI TEEL VÕÕRKEELE ÕPPIMINE JA ÕPETAMINE – VÕIMALUSED, PIIRANGUD, VÄLJAKUTSED
Creators: name: Piirimees, Aigi
name: Boltovsky, Maia
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: The contemporary learning environment has changed: learning is no longer limited to the learner and teacher being in the same classroom. What is more, bringing learners and the teacher together in one room may not always be possible or rational. E-learning is nothing new in the context of higher education, allowing students the freedom to choose the time, location and the pace of learning. However, learning and teaching through web conferences has not received much attention. This article focuses on learning and teaching a foreign language through web conferences in the form of synchronous learning. In the fall semester of 2017 the Language Centre of the ENDC organised an English language course (B1+ level) for the Viru Infantry Battalion, offering a combination of contact lessons taking place in Jõhvi and web conferences transmitted from Tartu. Two teachers conducted the course, with six students taking part. The aim of the research was to identify applicable language teaching methods and activities in the lessons conducted through web conferences, based on the gained experiences both from the point of view of the students and the teachers. The effectiveness of the teaching methods was identified and analysed based on the teachers’ log of their teaching activities, selfreflection and ongoing analysis throughout the course. The same process was used to identify methods, language learning and teaching activities that were unsuitable for web conferences and the limitations that should be considered when planning a course supported by web conferences. Additionally, the students’ self-reflection and feedback were used to conduct an empirical study of learning. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with the students after the completion of the course.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 10 (2019)
The state of biodiversity and fisheries in Regional Seas
Creators: name: Christensen, Villy
name: Lai, Sherman
name: Palomares, Maria Lourdes D.
name: Zeller, Dirk
name: Pauly, D. (Daniel)
Publisher: name: Fisheries Centre. University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Director's foreword. Editor's preface. METHODOLOGY. Deriving indicators for Regional Seas (Sherman Lai, Dalai Felinto, Jeroen Steenbeek, Joe Buszowski, Audrey Valls, Reg Watson, Dirk Zeller, Daniel Pauly and Villy Christensen). ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS. Nitrogen, phosphorus and silica input in Regional Seas (Arthur H.W. Beusen). Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in Regional Seas in 1860, 1993, and 2050 (Frank Dentener). BIODIVERSITY INDICATORS. Using ‘Aquamaps’ for representing species distribution in Regional Seas (Kristin Kaschner, Jonathan S. Ready, Eli Agbayani, Kathy Kesner-Reyes, Josephine Rius-Barile, Paul D. Eastwood, Andrew B. South, Sven O. Kullander, Tony Rees, Reg Watson, Daniel Pauly, Rainer Froese). Distribution and abundance trends for marine mammals (Kristin Kaschner, Line Bang Christensen). Diversity of commercially exploited fish and invertebrates in Regional Seas (William Cheung, Vicky Lam, Maria Lourdes D. Palomares, Reg Watson, Daniel Pauly). Climate-change induced species invasions and extirpations in Regional Seas (William Cheung, Vicky Lam, Jorge L. Sarmiento, Kelly Kearney, Reg Watson, Daniel Pauly). FISHERIES, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INDICATORS. Fisheries landings from Regional Seas (Reg Watson). Mariculture production in Regional Seas (Pablo Trujillo and Sherman Lai)). Stock-status plots of fisheries for Regional Seas (Kristin Kleisner and Daniel Pauly). The Marine Trophic Index (MTI), the Fishing in Balance (FiB) Index and the spatial expansion of fisheries (Kristin Kleisner and Daniel Pauly). Ecosystem size spectra as indicator for Regional Seas (Maria Lourdes D. Palomares and Daniel Pauly). Modeling future fisheries catch scenarios (Robert Ahrens and Villy Christensen). Global-warming induced changes in the catch potential of Regional Seas (William Cheung, Vicky Lam, Jorge L. Sarmiento, Kelly Kearney, Reg Watson, Dirk Zeller, Daniel Pauly). Value of fisheries landings in Regional Seas (Wilf Swartz, Reg Watson and U. Rashid Sumaila). Employment in marine fisheries: national, regional and global estimates (Lydia Teh and U.R. Rashid Sumaila). Subsidies to fisheries in Regional Seas (U. Rashid Sumaila, Ahmed S. Khan, Andrew J. Dyck, Reg Watson, Gordon Munro, Peter Tyedmers, Daniel Pauly). APPENDICES. Appendix 1. Nitrogen, phosphorus and silica. Appendix 2. Nitrogen deposition. Appendix 3. Fisheries landings. Appendix 4. Mariculture production. Appendix 5. Stock-status plots. Appendix 6. Catch from bottom-disturbing gears. Appendix 7. Catch of top predatory fish. Appendix 8. Catch potential. Appendix 9. Marine trophic index. Appendix 10. Fishing-in-Balance (FiB). Appendix 11. Landed value of fisheries. Appendix 12. Fisheries subsidies. Appendix 13. Fisheries employment. Appendix 14. File mapping.
A avifauna aquática das salinas estuarinas da Ria de Aveiro e da Foz do Rio Mondego
Creators: name: Cruz, Tamira
name: Neves, Renato
name: Pacheco, Carlos
name: Fonseca, Carlos
name: Martins, Filomena
Publisher: name: Revista Captar: Ciência e Ambiente para Todos
Year: 2011

description: As alterações ocorridas nos estuários têm vindo a afetar as populações de aves, sobretudo através da perda de habitat. As salinas, existentes nessas zonas, são importantes para várias espécies de aves aquáticas, nomeadamente as limícolas, que as utilizam para se alimentarem, reproduzirem e repousarem. Neste estudo, selecionaram-se diferentes tipos de salinas (ativas e abandonadas) e uma piscicultura, na Ria de Aveiro e no Estuário do Mondego. O principal objetivo foi compreender da dinâmica anual das populações de aves aquáticas destas salinas, analisando igualmente fatores que possam influenciar a presença/ausência das aves (salinidade, profundidade da água). De novembro de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011 foram realizados censos das aves aquáticas, em cada ponto de amostragem, duas vezes por dia, por períodos de dez minutos, em saídas de campo bimensais. Recensearam-se 28 espécies, e os resultados indicam que os valores de profundidade e salinidade influenciam a presença/ausência de aves entre salinas. Há diferenças estruturais entre salinas amostradas e estas influenciam o número de indivíduos e o número de espécies de limícolas e outras aves aquáticas. A profundidade da água é um fator importante na distribuição das espécies nos diferentes compartimentos que constituem as salinas. É importante manter o fluxo de variação entre salinidade e profundidade da água nas salinas ativas, já que há grupos que beneficiam significativamente destas variações.
description: Revista Captar: Ciência e Ambiente para Todos, vol. 3 n.º 2 (2011)
Supplementary Figure S20 from Radial porosity profiles: a new bone histological method for comparative developmental analysis of diametric limb bone growth
Creators: name: Prondvai, Edina
name: Kocsis, Adam T.
name: Abourachid, Anick
name: Adriaens, Dominique
name: Godefroit, Pascal
name: Hu, Dong-Yu
name: Butler, Richard J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Clustering of RPPs of the fossil paravian dataset into 2 (A, C, E) and 3 groups (B, D, F) by K-means (A, B), DTW + hclust (C, D), and ED + hclust (E, F)
KAITSEVÄE ÜHENDATUD ÕPPEASUTUSTE TAKTIKAÕPPEJÕUDUDE ARUSAAMAD NÜÜDISAEGSE ÕPIKÄSITUSE OLEMUSEST JA RAKENDAMISEST TAKTIKAÕPPES
Creators: name: Värno, Priit
name: Soomere, Triinu
name: Lepp, Liina
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: In recent years, discussions about the contemporary teaching and learning approach (CTLA) and its importance in shaping self-directed, adaptive and collaborative persons in different study levels and disciplines have become very topical. The aim of the current study was to explore the conceptions held by tactics teachers at the Estonian National Defence College (ENDC) about CTLA and their opinions about its practical applicability in tactical studies. The data was collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with 10 tactics teachers and analysed using the qualitative content analysis method. The results indicated that the tactics teachers conceptualise CTLA as student-centred, including using active teaching methods, information technology and providing feedback on the learning process. Openness was also considered an important part of CTLA. The ENDC tactics teachers considered CTLA generally applicable in the teaching of tactics, but time constraints and the size of the groups were seen as limitations. The results of this study provide the basis for a follow-up project to raise awareness about the principles of the CTLA among tactics teachers and for further development of the teaching of tactics at the ENDC.


 
 
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 10 (2019)
Literacia ambiental no Ensino Secundário: o caso da Escola Secundária Dr. Manuel Candeias Gonçalves
Creators: name: Almeida, Fernanda Isabel R. G. De
name: Azeiteiro, Ulisses
Publisher: name: Revista Captar: Ciência e Ambiente para Todos
Year: 2011

description: O levantamento e monitorização da Literacia Ambiental (LA) dos alunos do 12º ano do ensino secundário efetuado recorrendo a uma metodologia de inquérito, por recurso ao questionário escrito, permitiu caracterizar a LA da população inquirida, possibilitando a comparação com os resultados obtidos em diferentes escolas e a discussão da sua implementação generalizada e de forma sistemática a nível nacional. Para além dos Conhecimentos Escolásticos (CE) transmitidos pelo ensino formal, comum a todas as escolas, uma vez que o sistema educativo português assenta em Programas Disciplinares únicos para cada ano de escolaridade e para todas as escolas, a LA dos indivíduos depende da possibilidade e disponibilidade para a aquisição de Conhecimento Informal (CI) através dos meios de comunicação social e da Internet. As atitudes pró–ambientais são tão ou mais importantes que os conhecimentos adquiridos, independentemente do seu tipo. A Educação Ambiental (EA) que determina a LA é, assim, o produto das vivências dos indivíduos, na escola e no seu dia a dia, complementadas pelos conhecimentos transmitidos pelo ensino formal e informal, mas, também, da pré-disposição dos alunos, professores e toda a comunidade educativa.
description: Revista Captar: Ciência e Ambiente para Todos, vol. 3 n.º 2 (2011)
Histórias do Cerrado: um encontro entre a educação ambiental e a cultura popular
Creators: name: Guido, Lúcia F. E.
name: Dias, Inez R.
name: Ferreira, Gustavo L.
name: Miranda, Aline B.
Publisher: name: Revista Captar: Ciência e Ambiente para Todos
Year: 2011

description: Este artigo apresenta reflexões advindas de uma pesquisa sobre as múltiplas possibilidades “do fazer” educação ambiental, tendo como ponto de partida um estudo em etnobotânica que buscou conhecer e valorizar o conhecimento sobre plantas em distritos rurais da cidade de Uberlândia (Minas Gerais/Brasil). Buscou-se envolver crianças, jovens e adultos da comunidade dos distritos de Cruzeiro dos Peixotos e Tapuirama nas diversas linguagens das mídias. As abordagens metodológicas se diferenciaram no percurso investigativo procurando adequar-se à realidade. O elo e princípio norteador das aproximações realizadas junto aos sujeitos da pesquisa foram a utilização de diversas mídias visuais, fotografia e vídeos. A pesquisa foi estruturada em oficinas configuradas como rodas de conversa. Na primeira oficina os participantes registraram, utilizando uma maquina fotográfica, o meio ambiente. As fotografias revelaram uma representação de meio ambiente vinculada ao ambiente natural. Paisagens naturais foram priorizadas no registro das imagens. Na ultima oficina foi produzido coletivamente o documentário “Causos do Cerrado”. O estudo fez interagir o local (tradição do conhecimento popular sobre as plantas) e o global (recursos tecnológicos empregados na produção midiática).
description: Revista Captar: Ciência e Ambiente para Todos, vol. 3 n.º 2 (2011)
KAITSEVÄE MAISMAASÕIDUKITE ELUTSÜKLI KULUMUDEL
Creators: name: Evestus, Mario
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: This article describes a new cost estimation model that can be used for decision-making in the procurement of next generation land vehicles for the Estonian Defence Forces. The analysis revealed that the cost model focuses on two functions – on the one hand, it is a practical decision-making tool for planning processes and, on the other hand, it is also an excellent fiscal tool for analysing total life-cycle costs and for assessing sustainability and risks. In the end, the cost model criteria and desired outputs were combined with all the necessary data sources. Based on these three inputs, a new cost estimation model was devised in line with expert recommendations. The proposed MS Excel spreadsheet-based cost model takes into account all the costs that experts deemed necessary and gives numerical values for all the required outputs. By utilising the proposed cost model, the Estonian Defence Forces could improve the quality of the data needed in capacity planning for the procurement of land vehicles for the next ten-year period.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 9 (2018)
Fisheries catch reconstructions: islands, part II
Creators: name: Harper, Sarah
name: Zeller, Dirk
Publisher: name: Fisheries Centre. University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Director's foreword (Ussif Rasid Sumaila). Preliminary estimate of total marine fisheries catches in Corsica, France (1950-2008) (Frédéric Le Manach, Delphine Dura, Anthony Perec, Jean-Jacques Riutort, Pierre Lejeune, Marie-Catherine Santoni, Jean-Michel Culioli, and Daniel Pauly). A brief history of fishing in the Kerguelen Islands, France (M.L.D. Palomares and D. Pauly). Reconstruction of total marine fisheries catches for Madagascar (1950-2008) (Frédéric Le Manach, Charlotte Gough, Frances Humber, Sarah Harper, and Dirk Zeller). Reconstruction of marine fisheries catches for Mauritius and its outer islands, 1950-2008 (Lea Boistol, Sarah Harper, Shawn Booth and Dirk Zeller). Reconstruction of Nauru's fisheries catches: 1950-2008 (Pablo Trujillo, Sarah Harper and Dirk Zeller). Marine fisheries of Palau, 1950-2008: total reconstructed catch (Stephanie Lingard, Sarah Harper, Yoshi Ota and Dirk Zeller). Reconstruction of Sri Lanka's fisheries catches: 1950-2008 (Devon O‘Meara, Sarah Harper, Nishan Perera and Dirk Zeller). From local to global: a catch reconstruction of Taiwan's fisheries from 1950-2007 (Daniel Kuo and Shawn Booth). Reconstruction of fisheries catches for Tokelau (1950-2009) (Kyrstn Zylich, Sarah Harper, and Dirk Zeller). Reconstructing marine fisheries catches for the Kingdom of Tonga: 1950-2007 (Patricia Sun, Sarah Harper, Shawn Booth and Dirk Zeller). Reconstruction of marine fisheries catches for Tuvalu (1950-2009) (Kendyl Crawford, Sarah Harper and Dirk Zeller).
HÜPERSPEKTRAALSENSOORIKA RAKENDAMINE MILITAAROBJEKTIDE SIGNATUURIDE TUVASTAMISEKS JA VARJAMISEKS
Creators: name: Jürise, Martin
name: Udal, Andres
name: Kaugerand, Jaanus
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: Spectral distribution of the reflected light over wavelength values is a unique signature that can be used to distinguish different objects. Hyperspectral (HS) technology represents a new modern supersensor technology that can provide the detailed spectral content of the visible, ultraviolet or infrared light for every pixel in the image field. Multispectral cameras, precursors to the HS camera, appeared in the beginning of the 1980s and were able to register the image field only for a restricted number of wavelength values. The expensive HS cameras, capable of registering hundreds of wavelength values, were put into military application at the end of the 20th century but, at that time, their price remained too high for civil applications. In scientific literature, the appearance of publications on HS technology may be associated with the year 2001. The explosive exponential growth of HS research publications started around 2010–2011 when the cost of this efficient technology had dropped to a sufficiently low level to facilitate its wider take-up. This article gives an overview of the new capabilities offered by HS techno logy, able to transcend the capabilities of the human eye, which is limited to an only 3-color biological sensor system supporting a relatively narrow colour distinction wavelength window of 450–650 nm. Thus, for example, the strong “red step” between 700 and 750 nm that is an essential feature of all forests and backgrounds, and critical for all military concealment and detection tasks/operations, cannot be observed by the human eye without additional infrared vision devices. The experiments conducted with two HS cameras for the 400–1700 nm range emphasize the overall conclusion that in the modern information age, the concealment of objects has become more difficult and therefore we must begin the development of corresponding defence technologies to counter those threats. In particular, the measurements show that, although the colours of the Estonian Defence Forces correspond to the requirements of NATO standards (4360, 2836, 4698 + NATO AEP 59–65) in the infrared range, vehicles are clearly visible with hyperspectral cameras. The most serious attention should be paid to wavelengths between 600 and 700 nm, where the colour tones of the vehicles and also that of the soldiers’ clothing differ significantly from natural background colours due to the lack of chlorophyll and other biochemical compounds. In summary, the Estonian Defence Forces need a better concealment methodology that protects both military objects and people from hyperspectral monitoring systems. It is still a good idea to use natural ingredients to imitate natural backgrounds. However, for the development of effective concealment methods, modern HS technology is definitely required.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 9 (2018)
MUUTUSED VÕI TRADITSIOONID KAITSEVÄE INSTRUKTORITE ÕPETAMISPRAKTIKAS
Creators: name: Sinnep, Sigrid
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: The importance of the new concept of learning has gained more prominence also in teaching practices. In light of the new training regulation (in force since January 2017) it is also important to acknowledge these new concepts and practices in the Estonian Defence Forces (EDF). The regulation prescribes the SAT model (Systems Approach to Training), which consists of four stages: analysis, design, implementation and evaluation. This article provides an overview of a study that examined the teaching practices of the instructors at EDF specialty schools and the important role played by the regulations governing military training. The theoretical part of the study describes different approaches to teaching, various learning approaches and the structure of the learning process. In addition, the training of the instructors at the EDF was also examined. Qualitative research was carried out based on semi-structured interviews with nine specialty school instructors. Data was analysed using inductive content analysis. The results showed that the instructors’ teaching practices are quite similar and are related to their previous training and approaches to teaching, with the most common practices being the teacher-centred approach, traditional learning approach and frontal teaching methods. Additionally, there were also similarities in how the instructors structured the learning process – descriptions provided by the participants covered all the stages outlined in the new EDF training regulation. The importance of the regulations governing the training process was also revealed – the instructors’ awareness of the new training regulation was generally low, but they did use it for devising new training programmes. In conclusion, the analysis of the teaching practices of the instructors indicates room for improvement. This would require the creation of a collaborative network for EDF instructors, expanding learning opportunities and ensuring more resources for training.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 9 (2018)
OLUKORRAPÕHISED OTSUSTUSTESTID RÜHMATASEME SÕJAVÄELISTE JUHTIDE OTSUSTUSVÕIME MÕÕTMISEKS LAHINGUJUHTIMIST MATKIVATES OLUKORDADES
Creators: name: Männiste, Tõnis
name: Rajaste, Robert
name: Suviste, Reelika
name: Pedaste, Margus
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: The aim of this study was to assess the differences in decision-making skills between experienced (cadets of the Estonian National Defence College (ENDC)) and novice (conscripts) test-takers by constructing a simulated Situational Judgment Test (SJT) for platoon level battle commanders, and to find out whether the testing format influenced the performance outcomes. To this end, four tests were conducted in two formats: paper-and-pencil tests for one group, and a video test for another group. The sample consisted of ENDC cadets (134) and Reserve Platoon Leader Course (RPLC) conscripts (80). Half of the participants were given the paper-and-pencil version, and the other half completed the video simulation version of the test. The results showed that SJTs are reliable instruments for measuring the decision-making of platoon level battle leaders, indicating a significant difference between the more experienced ENDC cadets and less experienced RPLC conscripts. No differences in results were found between the formats of the tests. The authors of the study recommend using SJTs in the Estonian Defence Forces for personnel selection and in training programmes.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 9 (2018)
title: A taste of rural: Exploring the uncaptured value of tourism in Basilicata
Creators: name: Moliterni, Stella
name: Zulauf, Katrin
name: Wagner, Ralf
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Value uncaptured
subject: Rural web
subject: Culinary tourism
subject: Development
subject: 710
subject: Italien
subject: Tourismus
subject: Kochen
subject: Entwicklung

description: Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEAL
Photo-induced electron transfer at sensitised polarisable liquid|liquid interfaces
Creators: name: Cywinski, Kamil
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: This thesis explores the nature of photo-induced charge transfer processes at sensitised polarisable interfaces between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES), specifically aqueous|α,α,α - trifluorotoluene (TFT) interfaces, towards solar energy conversion applications. The thesis is split into two primary sections that are differentiated by the method used to sensitise the liquid|liquid interface. In the first section, a film of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs) sensitised with zinc(II) meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (ZnTPPc/TiO2 NPs) was assembled at the interface in the presence of electron donor species (a series of ferrocene-derivatives) in the organic phase. The ZnTPPc/TiO2 NPs were characterised by techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, zeta ()-potential measurements and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Properties of each ferrocene derivative, such as their standard ion transfer and redox potentials, and diffusion coefficients were determined using electrochemical and spectroscopic methods. Through extensive photoelectrochemical experiments, it was demonstrated that the biphasic system can facilitate the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mediated oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) upon illumination by light with the ferrocene-derivative as a sacrificial electron donor. The optimal experimental conditions to maximise the photocurrent magnitude were determined, in terms of the applied interfacial Galvani potential difference (∆o w𝜙), aqueous pH, interfacial porphyrin concentration, photon flux, and nature of the donor or acceptor species, respectively. Key is that the applied ∆o w𝜙 is more positive than the potential of zero charge (PZC) to populate the interface with aqueous protons and enhance the rate of the ORR step. In the second section, the liquid|liquid interface was functionalised with a photoactive free-base 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)- porphyrin (H2TPPc) film. Through voltammetric analysis, it was shown that the interfacial film undergoes ion exchange and intercalation/deintercalation processes with the organic electrolyte cations. pH studies revealed the reversible suppression of the electrochemical response of the H2TPPc film, shifting it outside of the polarisable potential window in a reversible manner. Finally, it was shown that these films generate photocurrent responses under illumination by visible light, either with electron donor or acceptor species in the organic phase. Electrons flow from the organic to aqueous phase for the donor and vice versa for the acceptor species, respectively. Photoelectrochemical studies probed the optimal conditions to maximise the photocurrent magnitude for interfacial H2TPPc films, as per the ZnTPPc/TiO2 NP experiments.
Περιορισμοί και δυνατότητες της δομής Στέκι 46 στο υπάρχον κοινωνικό-πολιτικό πλαίσιο μέσα από την εμπειρία των εργαζομένων
Creators: name: Δουμάνη, Αθηνά Νικολάου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2025
Subjects: Χώροι εποπτευόμενης χρήσης.
Πολιτική μείωσης της βλάβης
Οπτική εργαζομένων
Drug consumption rooms
Harm reduction policy
Employees perspectives

description: Με αφορμή την σχετικά πρόσφατη λειτουργία του πρώτου χώρου εποπτευόμενης χρήσης στην Ελλάδα, η παρούσα έρευνα επιδιώκει να κατανοήσει εις βάθος τις δυναμικές που προκύπτουν μέσα στο Στέκι 46, το οποίο δραστηριοποιείται στο σύγχρονο κοινωνικό - πολιτικό πλαίσιο της Αθήνας. Συγκεκριμένα, εστιάζοντας στην οπτική και στις εμπειρίες των εργαζομένων θα επιδιώξει να αποτυπώσει τις υπηρεσίες που παρέχουν, τις συνθήκες, στις οποίες καλούνται να παρέμβουν οι ίδιοι μέσα στα πλαίσια της δομής, αναδεικνύοντας τις προκλήσεις που αντιμετωπίζει το προσωπικό αλλά και τις δυνατότητες που υπάρχουν να συμβάλει στο δίκτυο δομών που απασχολείται με την υποστήριξη των εξαρτημένων ατόμων στην Αθήνα. Για να επιτευχθεί αυτός ο στόχος, διεξήχθη ποιοτική έρευνα με ημι-δομημένες συνεντεύξεις σε 7 μέλη του προσωπικού του χώρου Στέκι 46, με στόχο να προκύψει μια ολιστική προσέγγιση και μια πολύπλευρη κατανόηση του πλαισίου.
description: Following the relatively recent operation of the first supervised drug consumption room in Greece, this research aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the dynamics that occur within Steki 46, which operates in the contemporary socio-political context of Athens. Specifically, by focusing on the perspective and experiences of the staff, it seeks to capture the services than they provide, the conditions under which they are required to intervene, highlighting the challenges they face, as well as the opportunities to contribute to the network of organizations involved in supporting individuals with addictions in Athens. To achieve this goal, qualitative research was conducted with semi-structured interviews of 7 staff members of Steki 46, aiming to develop a holistic approach and a multifaceted understanding of the context
Dewatering of sludge for small scale and decentralized production of biochar
Creators: name: Opoku, Fosu Senior
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Sewage sludge dewatering and drying is one of the major challenges in the current wastewater treatment systems. The current dewatering methods in centralized wastewater treatment plants whether using frame or belt filter press or centrifuges are energy intensive and requires up to 50% of the cost of wastewater treatment. The moisture content of the sludge cake after dewatering is also a key factor in determining the efficiency of sludge handling and utilization including energy efficiency and pollutant emission. This is even more challenging for decentralized sludge management aiming at resource recovery and local resource utilization from the perspective of circular economy. To overcome these challenges, an experiment was designed to develop an alternative sludge dewatering and drying method for decentralized wastewater treatment systems and local production of sludge-based biochar. Raw sludge was collected from Frogn Renseanlegg, a wastewater treatment plant in Drøbak, in Viken county of Norway. The sludge was filtered in the laboratory using a solid-liquid separation system containing a 200µm and 100µm mesh integrated with sand filtration to remove free water through gravity to produce a sludge cake. The effect of different percentages of Wood pellets (WP), Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) and different mixture of the two as bulking agents for deep-dewatering (removal of tightly bound water) was investigated without energy input. The percentages of Wood Pellets (WP) and Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG), varied from 0% (control) to 20% by weight of the raw sludge. The moisture content of the mixture was determined at an average temperature of 17°C after 1, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr. In the experiment, sludge with addition of 5% SCG, 10% SCG and 20% SCG had an average moisture content of 71.1%, 66.0% and 46.0%, respectively, after 96 hours. For 5% WP, 10% WP and 20% WP, the average moisture content after 96 hours were 70.3%, 55.9% and 45.6%. Adding a small amount of superabsorbent facilitated reduction of the amounts of SCG and WP and achieved a moisture content reduction down to 9.0% after 72 hours. The removal of tightly bound sludge water and fast drying in sludge conditioned with WP and SCG may be mainly explained by absorption by the amendment and subsequently a better porosity and larger surface area for evaporation.
XGW-TEOORIA JA SÕJAPIDAMISE KUUES GRADIENT
Creators: name: Dieves, Veiko
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: The study of war as a phenomenon requires a theoretical framework, a general theory of warfare, which goes beyond armed conflict in warfare. A general theory of warfare is also needed for the creation and development of systems for warfare, as all systems, including organizations, are optimized to operate under certain specific conditions. A comprehensive understanding of these conditions, and thus an understanding of the constraints of these systems, is necessary for creating new successful systems. This article presents a new addition to the gradient theory of warfare, otherwise known as XGW theory. Thus far, this theory has been described in individual essays and in discussions among researchers; the author compiles the previous discussions into a comprehensive, unified description of the theory. In addition, the article introduces a novel element – the 6th gradient of warfare. In summation, the article provides an overview of the XGW theory, along with the author’s insights. The XGW theory describes Gradients 1 to 5 as attacking specific parts or sections of the opponent’s OODA (observe-orient-decide-act) loop, with each sub sequent gradient attack moving deeper into the opponent’s OODA loop. The first gradient of warfare focuses on attacking the opponent’s decision and action phase. The second gradient of warfare attacks the opponent’s decision-making. The third gradient of warfare attacks the opponent’s ability to orient itself. The fourth gradient of warfare focuses on enemy orientation and observation. The fifth gradient of warfare focuses on the opponent’s ability to observe, manipulating the context of its observation. The article brings together prior research on XGW theory for a more comprehensive overview. Additionally, this article also describes the sixth gradient of warfare, where the attack moves out of the opponent’s OODA cycle and becomes part of the outside world as its passive agent, causing changes in the motives of other subjects in the world. The 6th gradient force shapes a favourable environment for itself, summing up the proper behaviour of other forces, the motivators of which are predetermined by the 6th gradient force. Thus, a discussion of the XGW theory of warfare must address gradients from 0 through 6.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 9 (2018)
Too precious to drill: the marine biodiversity of Belize
Creators: name: Palomares, Maria Lourdes D.
name: Pauly, D. (Daniel)
Publisher: name: Fisheries Centre. University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: DIRECTOR‘S FOREWORD (U. Rashid Sumaila). EDITOR‘S PREFACE. INTRODUCTION. Offshore oil vs 3E‘s (Environment, Economy and Employment) (Frank Gordon Kirkwood and Audrey Matura-Shepherd). The Belize Barrier Reef: a World Heritage Site (Janet Gibson). BIODIVERSITY.Threats to coastal dolphins from oil exploration, drilling and spills off the coast of Belize (Ellen Hines). The fate of manatees in Belize (Nicole Auil Gomez). Status and distribution of seabirds in Belize: threats and conservation opportunities (H. Lee Jones and Philip Balderamos). The seabirds of Belize and marine oil drilling (Michelle Paleczny). The elasmobranchs of Glover‘s Reef Marine Reserve and other sites in northern and central Belize (Demian Chapman, Elizabeth Babcock, Debra Abercrombie, Mark Bond and Ellen Pikitch). Snapper and grouper assemblages of Belize: potential impacts from oil drilling (William Heyman). Endemic marine fishes of Belize: evidence of isolation in a unique ecological region (Phillip Lobel and Lisa K. Lobel). Functional importance of biodiversity for coral reefs of Belize (Janie Wulff). Biodiversity of sponges: Belize and beyond, to the greater Caribbean (Maria Cristina Diaz and Klaus Ruetzler). Biodiversity, ecology and biogeography of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Belize (Lea-Anne Henry). Documenting the marine biodiversity of Belize through FishBase and SeaLifeBase (Maria Lourdes D. Palomares and Daniel Pauly). HABITATS. Evaluating potential impacts of offshore oil drilling on the ecosystem services of mangroves in Belize (Timothy Brook Smith and Nadia Bood). Bacalar Chico: Belize Barrier Reef's northernmost marine reserve (Mebrahtu Ateweberhan, Jennifer Chapman, Frances Humber, Alasdair Harris and Nick Jones). Preparing for potential impacts of offshore petroleum exploration and development on the marine communities in the Belize Barrier Reef and lagoonal ecosystems (Robert Ginsburg). A deep-sea coral 'gateway' in the northwestern Caribbean (Lea-Anne Henry). Natural and anthropogenic catastrophe on the Belizean Barrier Reef (Richard B. Aronson, Ian G. Macintyre and William F. Precht). Declining reef health calls for stronger protection not additional pollution from offshore oil development (Melanie McField). FISHERIES AND TOURISM. Fisheries based on Belizean biodiversity: why they're so vulnerable to offshore oil exploration (Eli Romero and Les Kaufman). Reconstruction of total marine fisheries catches for Belize, 1950-2008 (Dirk Zeller, Rachel Graham and Sarah Harper). Under the threat of oil: assessing the value and contribution of Belizean fisheries (Sarah Harper, Dirk Zeller and U. Rashid Sumaila). The economic value and potential threats to marine ecotourism in Belize (Andres M. Cisneros-Montemayor and U. Rashid Sumaila). APPENDICES. Conference Agenda. Letter of Scientists to Belizeans. Conference Participants.