cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On ultra-high energy cosmic ray acceleration at the termination shock of young pulsar winds
Creators: name: Lemoine, Martin
name: Kotera, Kumiko
name: Pétri, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are outstanding accelerators in Nature, in the sense that they accelerate electrons up to the radiation reaction limit. Motivated by this observation, this paper examines the possibility that young pulsar wind nebulae can accelerate ions to ultra-high energies at the termination shock of the pulsar wind. We consider here powerful PWNe, fed by pulsars born with $\sim\,$millisecond periods. Assuming that such pulsars exist, at least during a few years after the birth of the neutron star, and that they inject ions into the wind, we find that protons could be accelerated up to energies of the order of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cut-off, for a fiducial rotation period $P\,\sim\,1\,$msec and a pulsar magnetic field $B_{\star}\,\sim\,10^{13}\,$G, implying a fiducial wind luminosity $L_{\rm p}\,\sim\,10^{45}\,$erg/s and a spin-down time $t_{\rm sd}\,\sim 3\times 10^7\,$s. The main limiting factor is set by synchrotron losses in the nebula and by the size of the termination shock; ions with $Z\geq 1$ may therefore be accelerated to even higher energies. We derive an associated neutrino flux produced by interactions in the source region. For a proton-dominated composition, our maximum flux lies slightly below the 5-year sensitivity of IceCube-86 and above the 3-year sensitivity of the projected Askaryan Radio Array. It might thus become detectable in the next decade, depending on the exact level of contribution of these millisecond pulsar wind nebulae to the ultra-high energy cosmic ray flux.
description: 24 pages, 4 figures; improved discussion, matches version published in JCAP
The evolution of CNO elements in galaxies
Creators: name: Romano, Donatella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After hydrogen and helium, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen - hereinafter, the CNO elements - are the most abundant species in the universe. They are observed in all kinds of astrophysical environments, from the smallest to the largest scales, and are at the basis of all known forms of life, hence, the constituents of any biomarker. As such, their study proves crucial in several areas of contemporary astrophysics, extending to astrobiology. In this review, I will summarize current knowledge about CNO element evolution in galaxies, starting from our home, the Milky Way. After a brief recap of CNO synthesis in stars, I will present the comparison between chemical evolution model predictions and observations of CNO isotopic abundances and abundance ratios in stars and in gaseous matter. Such a comparison permits to constrain the modes and time scales of the assembly of galaxies and their stellar populations, as well as stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis theories. I will stress that chemical evolution models must be carefully calibrated against the wealth of abundance data available for the Milky Way before they can be applied to the interpretation of observational datasets for other systems. In this vein, I will also discuss the usefulness of some key CNO isotopic ratios as probes of the prevailing, galaxy-wide stellar initial mass function in galaxies where more direct estimates from starlight are unfeasible.
description: 83 pages, 19 figures. Invited review to appear in Astronomy and Astrophysics Review
PRÁTICAS ALTERNATIVAS NO TRATAMENTO DO DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO II: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Creators: name: Thaynara Silva Dos Anjos
name: Katyucia Oliveira Crispim De Souza
name: Oliveira, Larayne Gallo Farias
name: Jerusa Costa Dos Santos
name: Granja, Gabriela Ferreira
name: Lislaine Aparecida Fracolli
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Anais do III Congresso Norte-Nordeste de Saúde Pública (Online) RESUMOS SIMPLES Introdução: O Diabetes Mellitus é considerado um grande problema de saúde pública
 no Mundo e no Brasil. O tratamento tem como três pilares as terapias farmacológicas,
 alimentação adequada e a prática regular de exercícios físicos. Sendo o Brasil um país de
 dimensão continental, flora diversificada e forte cultura popular, faz-se necessário saber se
 as terapias fitoterápicas têm sido utilizadas como uma forma de estratégia no combate a
 esta doença. Objetivo: Relatar as práticas alternativas no tratamento do diabetes mellitus
 tipo II mencionadas por pacientes em unidades básicas de saúde do estado de Sergipe.
 Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, vivenciado nos períodos de
 coleta de dados do mestrado, ocorrido de fevereiro de 2018 a junho de 2019, em unidades
 básicas de saúde da capital e interior sergipano, com 600 pacientes com diabetes mellitus
 tipo II. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Universidade Federal
 de Sergipe (2.300.173/2017). Resultados: Vários pacientes, principalmente do interior do
 estado, relataram práticas alternativas ao tratamento, entre elas o uso de “água de quiabo”,
 “água de berinjela”, e chás com a planta Cissus sicyoides L., conhecida popularmente por
 Insulina, e com a planta Bauhinia variegata L., conhecido popularmente como “pata de vaca”.
 O tratamento alternativo mais mencionado em uso pelos pacientes foi o chá de “pata de vaca”.
 Apenas um paciente mencionou a utilização exclusiva dos chás no tratamento do Diabetes
 Mellitus. Considerações Finais: Apesar das possíveis propriedades hipoglicemiantes
 contidas nas plantas, é importante destacar que não há estudos que comprovem suas
 propriedades em humanos. Também não se sabe quanto aos efeitos colaterais, interação
 com os medicamentos e a dose mínima e máxima recomendada. Assim, os profissionais
 de saúde devem ter cautela ao orientar sobre o uso do tratamento fitoterápico no diabetes
 mellitus tipo II.
 Palavras-Chave: Chás Medicinais. Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis. Atenção
 Primária à Saúde.
 ÁREA TEMÁTICA: Outras.
Polarisation of magnetospheric curvature radiation in repeating fast radio bursts
Creators: name: Wang, Wei-Yang
name: Jiang, Jin-Chen
name: Lee, Kejia
name: Xu, Renxin
name: Zhang, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast radio busts (FRBs) can exhibit a wide variety of polarisation properties, not only between sources but also from burst to burst for a same one. In this work, we revisit the polarisation characters of coherent curvature radiation from a bulk of charged bunches in the magnetosphere of a highly magnetized neutron star. FRBs have been observed to have a variety of polarisation features, such as high levels of circular polarisation or a sign change of circular polarisation. High linear polarisation would appear when the line of sight is inside the emission beam (the on-beam geometry), whereas high circular polarisation would be present when it is outside (the off-beam geometry). By considering two scenarios of the ``bulk shapes'' (thick vs. thin), we apply the model to explain the polarisation features of three repeating FRBs (FRB 20201124A, FRB 20190520B and FRB 20121102A). Most bursts are dominated by linear polarisation and negligible events have sign changes in circular polarisation, suggesting that such FRBs are most likely to be emitted by the ``thin'' bulks with large opening angles. The higher probability of ``thin'' bulks could be meaningful for understanding repeating FRB central engine, i.e., the sparking dynamics to produce different bulks of energetic bunches on a neutron star surface.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Abrasive Wear of Teeth
Creators: name: Ramadan, Mohammed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 91309 Tribology

description: The present work discusses the effect of abrasive particles dispersed in the toothpaste on thewear of artificial teeth. Acrylic teeth specimens were brushed using different types oftoothpastes. Tooth paste A contained 10 wt % of pumice of (30 – 40) μm particle size. PasteB contained 8 wt % of hydrated silica abrasive of (10 – 12) μm particle size. Eight differenttypes of toothpaste were prepared in the laboratory by adding abrasive to an abrasive-freepaste (C) of different particle sizes. The abrasives were added at 5.0 wt. % concentration. Theabrasives used were standard Arizona sand of (0 – 80) μm and (0 - 200) μm particle size,alumina particles of (1 - 3) μm as well as sand with particle sizes of (11 – 13) μm, (15 - 20)μm, (20 - 24) μm, (28 – 32) μm and (42 – 52) μm. The brushing speeds used in theexperiments were 75 and 150 stroke / min and the length of the stroke was 30 mm. Theapplied force used was 3 N in the presence of water.Based on the observations in the present work, it was found that abrasive wear of teethincreased with increasing the velocity of brushing due to the accelerated motion of abrasiveparticles and the increased area of the tooth exposed to abrasion. Intensive care should beconsidered to inform people to brush their teeth as slowly as possible when using toothpastesdispersed by abrasive particles. Increasing the particle size of abrasive significantly increasedabrasive wear of teeth. This behavior may be due to the increased material removal rate fromthe teeth.
Pull-based load distribution in large-scale heterogeneous service systems
Creators: name: Stolyar, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90B15, 60K25

description: The model is motivated by the problem of load distribution in large-scale cloud-based data processing systems. We consider a heterogeneous service system, consisting of multiple large server pools. The pools are different in that their servers may have different processing speed and/or different buffer sizes (which may be finite or infinite). We study an asymptotic regime in which the customer arrival rate and pool sizes scale to infinity simultaneously, in proportion to some scaling parameter $n$. Arriving customers are assigned to the servers by a "router", according to a {\em pull-based} algorithm, called PULL. Under the algorithm, each server sends a "pull-message" to the router, when it becomes idle; the router assigns an arriving customer to a server according to a randomly chosen available pull-message, if there are any, or to a random server, otherwise. Assuming sub-critical system load, we prove asymptotic optimality of PULL. Namely, as system scale $n\to\infty$, the steady-state probability of an arriving customer experiencing blocking or waiting, vanishes. We also describe some generalizations of the model and PULL algorithm, for which the asymptotic optimality still holds.
description: 17 pages. The previous version, arxiv.org/abs/1407.6343v2, is the one published in Queueing Systems, 2015, DOI 10.1007/s11134-015-9448-8. This version, in addition, has a short Appendix containing some corollaries from the main results
Information complementarity: A new paradigm for decoding quantum incompatibility
Creators: name: Zhu, Huangjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of observables that are incompatible or not jointly measurable is a characteristic feature of quantum mechanics, which lies at the root of a number of nonclassical phenomena, such as uncertainty relations, wave--particle dual behavior, Bell-inequality violation, and contextuality. However, no intuitive criterion is available for determining the compatibility of even two (generalized) observables, despite the overarching importance of this problem and intensive efforts of many researchers. Here we introduce an information theoretic paradigm together with an intuitive geometric picture for decoding incompatible observables, starting from two simple ideas: Every observable can only provide limited information and information is monotonic under data processing. By virtue of quantum estimation theory, we introduce a family of universal criteria for detecting incompatible observables and a natural measure of incompatibility, which are applicable to arbitrary number of arbitrary observables. Based on this framework, we derive a family of universal measurement uncertainty relations, provide a simple information theoretic explanation of quantitative wave--particle duality, and offer new perspectives for understanding Bell nonlocality, contextuality, and quantum precision limit.
description: 13+5 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Scientific Reports
Populations of Magnetized Filaments in the Intracluster Medium and the Galactic Center
Creators: name: Yusef-Zadeh, F.
name: Arendt, R. G.
name: Wardle, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetized radio filaments are found in abundance in the inner few hundred pc of our Galaxy. Progress in understanding this population of filaments has been slow, in part due to a lack of detection elsewhere in the Galaxy or in external galaxies. Recent highly sensitive radio continuum observations of radio galaxies in galaxy clusters have revealed remarkable isolated filamentary structures in the ICM that are linked to radio jets, tails and lobes. The origin of this class of filaments is not understood either. Here, we argue that the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for the creation of the two populations are the same because of their similarity in morphology, spacing between the filaments, aspect ratio, magnetic energy densities to thermal pressure of the medium, and that both populations have undergone synchrotron aging. These similarities provide an opportunity to investigate the physical processes in the ISM and ICM for the first time. We consider that the origin of the filaments in both the GC and ICM is a result of the interaction of a large-scale wind with clouds, or the filaments arise through the stretching and collection of field lines by turbulence in weakly magnetized medium. We examine these ideas toward four radio galaxy filaments associated with four radio galaxies IC 40B, IC 4496, J1333-3141, ESO137-006 and argue that much can be understood in the future by comparing these two populations of filaments.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, ApJL (in press)
H$_2$O MegaMaser emission in NGC 4258 indicative of a periodic disc instability
Creators: name: Baan, Wiillem A.
name: AN, Tao
name: Henkel, Christian
name: Imai, Hiroshi
name: Kostenko, Vladimir
name: Sobolev, Andrej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: H$_2$O MegaMaser emission may arise from thin gas discs surrounding the massive nuclei of galaxies such as NGC\,4258, but the physical conditions responsible for the amplified emission are unclear. A detailed view of these regions is possible using the very high angular resolution afforded by space very long baseline interferometry (SVLBI). Here we report SVLBI experiments conducted using the orbiting RadioAstron Observatory that have resulted in detections of the H$_2$O 22 GHz emission in NGC\,4258, with Earth-space baselines of 1.3, 9.5 and 19.5 Earth diameters. Observations at the highest angular resolution of 11 and 23 $μ$as show distinct and regularly spaced regions within the rotating disc, at an orbital radius of about 0.126 pc. These observations at three subsequent epochs also indicate a time evolution of the emission features, with a sudden rise in amplitude followed by a slow decay. The formation of the emission regions, their regular spacing and their time-dependent behaviour appear consistent with the occurrence of a periodic magneto-rotational instability in the disc. This type of shear-driven instability within the differentially rotating disc has been suggested to be the mechanism governing the radial momentum transfer and viscosity within a mass-accreting disc. The connection of the H$_2$O MegaMaser activity with the magneto-rotational instability activity would make it an indicator of the mass-accretion rate in the nuclear disc of the host galaxy.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures
The Exoplanet Radius Valley from Gas-driven Planet Migration and Breaking of Resonant Chains
Creators: name: Izidoro, Andre
name: Schlichting, Hilke E.
name: Isella, Andrea
name: Dasgupta, Rajdeep
name: Zimmermann, Christian
name: Bitsch, Bertram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The size frequency distribution of exoplanet radii between 1 and 4$R_{\oplus}$ is bimodal with peaks at $\sim$1.4 $R_{\oplus}$ and $\sim$2.4 $R_{\oplus}$, and a valley at $\sim$1.8$R_{\oplus}$. This radius valley separates two classes of planets -- usually referred to as "super-Earths" and "mini-Neptunes" -- and its origin remains debated. One model proposes that super-Earths are the outcome of photo-evaporation or core-powered mass-loss stripping the primordial atmospheres of the mini-Neptunes. A contrasting model interprets the radius valley as a dichotomy in the bulk compositions, where super-Earths are rocky planets and mini-Neptunes are water-ice rich worlds. In this work, we test whether the migration model is consistent with the radius valley and how it distinguishes these views. In the migration model, planets migrate towards the disk inner edge forming a chain of planets locked in resonant configurations. After the gas disk dispersal, orbital instabilities "break the chains" and promote late collisions. This model broadly matches the period-ratio and planet-multiplicity distributions of Kepler planets, and accounts for resonant chains such as TRAPPIST-1, Kepler-223, and TOI-178. Here, by combining the outcome of planet formation simulations with compositional mass-radius relationships, and assuming complete loss of primordial H-rich atmospheres in late giant-impacts, we show that the migration model accounts for the exoplanet radius valley and the intra-system uniformity ("peas-in-a-pod") of Kepler planets. Our results suggest that planets with sizes of $\sim$1.4 $R_{\oplus}$ are mostly rocky, whereas those with sizes of $\sim$2.4 $R_{\oplus}$ are mostly water-ice rich worlds. Our results do not support an exclusively rocky composition for the cores of mini-Neptunes.
description: Accepted for publicationn in ApJL
Robotic Blossom Thinning System for Tree Fruit Crops
Creators: name: Bhattarai, Uddhav
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Agricultural Automation
Agricultural Robotics
Blossom Thinning
Vision for Agriculture

description: Tree fruit production industry around the world heavily relies on semi-skilled seasonal workforce for critical field operations such as training, pruning, blossom and fruitlet thinning, and harvesting. Blossom thinning is an essential crop-load management technique that relies heavily on laborious and labor-intensive manual operation to achieve the desired thinning result. While large-scale thinning approaches such as chemical and mechanical thinning are available, chemical thinning results can be unpredictable, and mechanical thinning may damage a significant part of the tree canopy while also offering no-to-limited selectivity. Therefore, developing an efficient system that can perform precise blossom thinning in the target canopy regions with high accuracy, effectiveness, and robustness is crucial.
description: This study focused on the design, development, and field evaluation of a robotic blossom thinning system that employed a machine vision system, and a mechatronic system consisting of a robotic manipulator and end-effector for targeted, selective blossom thinning in tree fruit crops. Robust machine vision systems were investigated for the identification, segmentation, density estimation, localization, and counting of apple flowers. Furthermore, a miniature, electrically-actuated end-effector was designed, fabricated, and tested for blossom thinning in space-constrained locations in tree canopies. All these components were integrated to develop a robotic thinning system and evaluated in a commercial orchard. Two thinning methods, boundary and center thinning, were investigated to assess the integrated system performance in selectively thinning flower clusters in target canopy regions. Boundary thinning was used to thin flowers along the flower cluster boundary, whereas center thinning was used to thin flowers by actuating the thinning end-effector at the center of the target cluster. The field evaluation results demonstrated that the integrated system could selectively thin blossoms from targeted clusters based on the chosen thinning strategy. The boundary thinning approach achieved a 67.2% thinning with a cycle time of 9.0 seconds, whereas the center thinning approach thinned 59.4% of flowers with a cycle time of 7.2 seconds per cluster. When implemented at a wider scale with additional improvements, the proposed system could address the problems associated with current hand, chemical, and mechanical blossom thinning approaches. Furthermore, the proposed system could aid in the commercial viability and practical adoption of the robotic systems intended for operation in tree fruit crops.
Sharp eigenvalue enclosures for the perturbed angular Kerr-Newman Dirac operator
Creators: name: Boulton, Lyonell
name: Winklmeier, Monika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65L15, 65L20, 65L60, 35P15, 83C57

description: A certified strategy for determining sharp intervals of enclosure for the eigenvalues of matrix differential operators with singular coefficients is examined. The strategy relies on computing the second order spectrum relative to subspaces of continuous piecewise linear functions. For smooth perturbations of the angular Kerr-Newman Dirac operator, explicit rates of convergence due to regularity of the eigenfunctions are established. Existing benchmarks are validated and sharpened by several orders of magnitude in the unperturbed setting.
description: 27 pages, 2 figures, 5 tables. Some errors fixed
Measurement of the motional sidebands of a nanogram-scale oscillator in the quantum regime
Creators: name: Underwood, M.
name: Mason, D.
name: Lee, D.
name: Xu, H.
name: Jiang, L.
name: Shkarin, A. B.
name: Børkje, K.
name: Girvin, S. M.
name: Harris, J. G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe measurements of the motional sidebands produced by a mechanical oscillator (with effective mass 43 ng and resonant frequency 705 kHz) that is placed in an optical cavity and cooled close to its quantum ground state. The red and blue sidebands (corresponding to Stokes and anti-Stokes scattering) from a single laser beam are recorded simultaneously via a heterodyne measurement. The oscillator's mean phonon number n is inferred from the ratio of the sidebands, and reaches a minimum value of 0.84 +- 0.22 (corresponding to a mode temperature T = 28 +- 7 microK). We also infer n from the calibrated area of each of the two sidebands, and from the oscillator's total damping. The values of n inferred from these four methods are in close agreement. The behavior of the sidebands as a function of the oscillator's temperature agrees well with theory that includes the quantum fluctuations of both the cavity field and the mechanical oscillator.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Fundamental effective temperature measurements for eclipsing binary stars -- II. The detached F-type eclipsing binary CPD-54 810
Creators: name: Miller, N. J.
name: Maxted, P. F. L.
name: Graczyk, D.
name: Tan, T. G.
name: Southworth, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CPD-54 810 is a double-lined detached eclipsing binary containing two mid-F type dwarfs on an eccentric 26-day orbit. We perform a combined analysis of the extensive photometry obtained by the TESS space mission along with previously published observations to obtain a full orbital and physical solution for the system. We measure the following model-independent masses and radii: M1 = 1.3094+/-0.0051 Msun, M2 = 1.0896+/-0.0034 Msun, R1 = 1.9288+/-0.0030 Rsun, and R2 = 1.1815+/-0.0037 Rsun. We employ a Bayesian approach to obtain the bolometric flux for both stars from observed magnitudes, colours, and flux ratios. These bolometric fluxes combined with the stars' angular diameters (from R1, R2 and the parallax from Gaia EDR3) lead directly to the stars' effective temperatures: Teff,1 = 6462+/-43 K, and Teff,2 = 6331+/-43 K, with an additional systematic error of 0.8% (13 K) from the uncertainty in the zero-point of the flux scale. Our results are robust against the choice of model spectra and other details of the analysis. CPD-54 810 is an ideal benchmark system that can be used to test stellar parameters measured by large spectroscopic surveys or derived from asteroseismology, and calibrate stellar models by providing robust constraints on the measured parameters. The methods presented here can be applied to many other detached eclipsing binary systems to build a catalogue of well-measured benchmark stars.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 16 pages, 9 figures, 10 tables
SMPT: A Testbed for Reachability Methods in Generalized Petri Nets
Creators: name: Amat, Nicolas
name: Zilio, Silvano Dal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: SMPT (for Satisfiability Modulo Petri Net) is a model checker for reachability problems in Petri nets. It started as a portfolio of methods to experiment with symbolic model checking, and was designed to be easily extended. Some distinctive features are its ability to benefit from structural reductions and to generate verdict certificates. Our tool is quite mature and performed well compared to other state-of-the-art tools in the Model Checking Contest.
description: FM 2023 - 25th International Symposium on Formal Methods,, Mar 2023, L{\"u}beck, Germany
Interlacing networks: birational RSK, the octahedron recurrence, and Schur function identities
Creators: name: Farber, Miriam
name: Hopkins, Sam
name: Trongsiriwat, Wuttisak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Motivated by the problem of giving a bijective proof of the fact that the birational RSK correspondence satisfies the octahedron recurrence, we define interlacing networks, which are certain planar directed networks with a rigid structure of sources and sinks. We describe an involution that swaps paths in these networks and leads to Plücker-like three-term relations among path weights. We show that indeed these relations follow from the Plücker relations in the Grassmannian together with some simple rank properties of the matrices corresponding to our interlacing networks. The space of matrices obeying these rank properties forms the closure of a cell in the matroid stratification of the totally nonnegative Grassmannian. Not only does the octahedron recurrence for RSK follow immediately from the three-term relations for interlacing networks, but also these relations imply some interesting identities of Schur functions reminiscent of those obtained by Fulmek and Kleber. These Schur function identities lead to some results on Schur positivity for expressions of the form $s_νs_ρ - s_λs_μ$.
description: 32 pages, 3 figures, v2: in JCTA
On the N/O abundance ratio and the progenitor mass for the most luminous planetary nebulae of M 31
Creators: name: Ueta, Toshiya
name: Otsuka, Masaaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plasma diagnostics are the bases of investigation into the physical and chemical properties of line-emitting gaseous systems. To perform plasma diagnostics properly, it is essential to correct the input spectrum for extinction properly. This is simply because determining the degree of extinction is dependent on the physical properties of the line-emitting gas. Hence, both extinction correction and plasma diagnostics have to be performed simultaneously and self-consistently. By comparing the results of analyses performed for a sample of nine bright planetary nebulae in M 31 with and without the proper extinction correction and plasma diagnostics, we demonstrate how initial assumptions for the physical conditions of the line-emitting gas in extinction correction would compromise the results of the entire analyses. While the electron density/temperature are relatively immune to the imposed inconsistent assumptions, the compromised extinction would cause systematic offsets in the extinction-corrected line strengths, which consequently would impose adverse effects on the resulting ionic and elemental abundances, and other inferences made from the incorrect results. We find that this M 31 PN sample simply represents those around the high-mass end of the mass range for low-mass planetary nebula progenitor stars as expected from the existing theoretical models. It appears that the suspicion raised in the previous study - these PNe being anomalously nitrogen overabundant - is simply caused by the apparent underestimate in extinction that originates from the imposed inconsistent assumptions in extinction correction. In a larger context, the results of plasma diagnostics in the literature without seeking simultaneous self-consistency with extinction correction have to be handled cautiously. Ideally, such previous results should be re-evaluated by seeking simultaneous self-consistency.
description: 5 pages (main text with 2 tables) plus 5 supplemental pages (5 tables in Appendix); to be published in Astronomy and Astrophysics Letter to the Editor
Minimising biases in Full Configuration Interaction Quantum Monte Carlo
Creators: name: Vigor, W. A.
name: Spencer, J. S.
name: Bearpark, M. J.
name: Thom, A. J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that Full Configuration Interaction Quantum Monte Carlo (FCIQMC) is a Markov Chain in its present form. We construct the Markov matrix of FCIQMC for a two determinant system and hence compute the stationary distribution. These solutions are used to quantify the dependence of the population dynamics on the parameters defining the Markov chain. Despite the simplicity of a system with only two determinants, it still reveals a population control bias inherent to the FCIQMC algorithm. We investigate the effect of simulation parameters on the population control bias for the neon atom and suggest simulation setups to in general minimise the bias. We show a reweighting scheme to remove the bias caused by population control commonly used in Diffusion Monte Carlo [J. Chem. Phys. 99, 2865 (1993)] is effective and recommend its use as a post processing step.
description: Supplementary material available as 'Ancillary Files'
Relativistic effects on the back-to-back correlation functions of boson-antiboson pairs in high energy heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Zhang, Yong
name: Yang, Jing
name: Zhang, Wei-Ning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the back-to-back correlation (BBC) functions of relativistic boson-antiboson pairs in high energy heavy ion collisions using the Monte Carlo method. The relativistic effects on the BBC functions of $ϕ\,ϕ$ and $K^+K^-$ pairs are investigated. The investigations indicate that the relativistic effects on the BBC functions of $K^+K^-$ pairs with large momenta are significant, and the effect is sensitive to the particle freeze-out temperature.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Chinese Physics C
title: Serving Trans Parent Families
title: Research and Theory Towards Service
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Wright, Shain
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Families
Queer
Queer Theory
Trans
Trans Parent
Individual & family studies
Pregnancy

description: Three publishable papers build upon each other in the following portfolio style dissertation. First, Biohacking Queer and Trans Fertility: Using Social Media to Form communities of Knowledge uses biohacking as a framework to understand the ways trans people form community to meet their knowledge and social needs throughout their conception journey. Second, An Axiological Exploration of Queer Methodologies: Queering One’s Research Orientation by Centering Values explores reflexivity, relationships, and activism as values commonly found throughout queer methodological works, and proposes further centering those values to queer research orientations towards service. Finally, Serving Trans Gestators: Birthworker Knowledge Networks seeks to document and celebrate the networks birthworkers utilize to deepen their understanding of trans gestators and their needs as patients. Through these three papers, research complexities inherent to serving trans populations are explored, and a case is made for research that centers lived experiences, joy, and resilience.
Revisiting Radial Velocity Measurements of the K2-18 System with the Line-by-Line Framework
Creators: name: Radica, Michael
name: Artigau, Étienne
name: Lafrenière, David
name: Cadieux, Charles
name: Cook, Neil J.
name: Doyon, René
name: Amado, Pedro J.
name: Caballero, José A
name: Henning, Thomas
name: Quirrenbach, Andreas
name: Reiners, Ansgar
name: Ribas, Ignasi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cross-correlation function and template matching techniques have dominated the world of precision radial velocities for many years. Recently, a new technique, named line-by-line, has been developed as an outlier resistant way to efficiently extract radial velocity content from high resolution spectra. We apply this new method to archival HARPS and CARMENES datasets of the K2-18 system. After reprocessing the HARPS dataset with the line-by-line framework, we are able to replicate the findings of previous studies. Furthermore, by splitting the full wavelength range into sub-domains, we were able to identify a systematic chromatic correlation of the radial velocities in the reprocessed CARMENES dataset. After post-processing the radial velocities to remove this correlation, as well as rejecting some outlier nights, we robustly uncover the signal of both K2-18b and K2-18c, with masses that agree with those found from our analysis of the HARPS dataset. We then combine both the HARPS and CARMENES velocities to refine the parameters of both planets, notably resulting in a revised mass and period for K2-18c of $6.99^{+0.96}_{-0.99}$M$_{Earth}$ and $9.2072\pm0.0065$d, respectively. Our work thoroughly demonstrates the power of the line-by-line technique for the extraction of precision radial velocity information.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures. Accepted in MNRAS
A Third Neanderthal Individual from La Ferrassie Dated to the End of the Middle Palaeolithic
Creators: name: Guérin, Guillaume
name: Aldeias, Vera
name: Baumgarten, Frederik
name: Goldberg, Paul
name: Gómez-Olivencia, Asier
name: Lahaye, Christelle
name: Madelaine, Stéphane
name: Maureille, Bruno
name: Philippe, Anne
name: Sandgathe, Dennis
name: Talamo, Sahra
name: Thomsen, Kristina
name: Turq, Alain
name: Balzeau, Antoine
Publisher: name: PaleoAnthropology
Year: 2023

description: The Palaeolithic site of La Ferrassie (SW France) has been extensively studied since its discovery during the 19th century. In addition to a large sequence including Middle and Upper Paleolithic layers, the site has yielded two very complete adult Neanderthal skeletons, five partial immature Neanderthal skeletons as well as a few isolated human remains. Currently, much of the site sequence has been dated by radiocarbon and OSL but the dating of the human skeletal remains is still a matter of debate. Here, we present the OSL dating of a still consolidated sediment sample associated with the Neanderthal skeleton La Ferrassie 1 (LF1), unearthed by Peyrony and Capitan in 1909 and preserved at the Musée de l’Homme (Paris, France). This block of sediment is crucial as it constitutes the first possibility to date a sample in close association with the specimen. This sample is included in a chronological model at the scale of the site, with the aim to estimate the ages of three Neanderthal individuals: La Ferrassie 1, 2 and 8 (LF1, LF2 and LF8). Two chronological modelling tools (OxCal and BayLum/ArchaeoPhases) are first applied to previously published radiocarbon ages and compared. Chronological inferences show that the BayLum/ArchaeoPhases model provides posterior probability densities, or statistical inferences, that are more consistent with the measured data. When including OSL ages in the BayLum model, we can conclude that all three studied individuals date from the late Middle Palaeolithic (<52 ka at the 95% credibility level) and could have been contemporaries in the range 44.9 to 44.1 ka.
description: PaleoAnthropology, Vol. 2023 No. 1 (2023): PaleoAnthropology
Spinorially twisted Spin structures, I: curvature identities and eigenvalue estimates
Creators: name: Espinosa, Malors
name: Herrera, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define (higher rank) spinorially twisted spin structures and deduce various curvature identites as well as estimates for the eigenvalues of the corresponding twisted Dirac operators.
description: We have corrected typos and simplified/shortened the preliminaries section
Broadband X-ray Spectral Analysis of the Dual AGN System Mrk 739
Creators: name: Inaba, Koki
name: Ueda, Yoshihiro
name: Yamada, Satoshi
name: Ogawa, Shoji
name: Uematsu, Ryosuke
name: Tanimoto, Atsushi
name: Ricci, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the result of a broadband (0.5-70 keV) X-ray spectral analysis of the late-merger galaxy Mrk 739, which contains a dual active galactic nucleus (AGN), Mrk 739E and Mrk 739W, with a separation of $\sim$3.4 kpc. The spectra obtained with NuSTAR, Chandra, XMM-Newton and Swift/BAT are simultaneously analyzed by separating the contributions from the two AGNs and extended emission with the Chandra data. To evaluate the reflection components from the AGN tori, we consider two models, a phenomenological one (pexrav and zgauss) and a more physically motivated one (XCLUMPY; Tanimoto et al. 2019). On the basis of the results with XCLUMPY, we find that the AGNs in Mrk 739E and Mrk 739W have intrinsic 2-10 keV luminosities of $1.0 \times 10^{43}$ and $7.5 \times 10^{41}\ \rm{erg}\ \rm{s}^{-1}$ absorbed by hydrogen column densities of $N_{\rm{H}} < 6.5 \times 10^{19}\ \rm{cm}^{-2}$ and $N_{\rm{H}} = 6.9^{+3.2}_{-1.7} \times 10^{21}\ \rm{cm}^{-2}$, respectively. The torus covering fraction of the material with $N_{\rm{H}} > 10^{22} \rm{cm}^{-2}$ in Mrk 739E, $C_{\rm{T}}^{(22)} < 0.50$ at a 90% confidence limit, is found to be smaller than those found for late-merger ultra/luminous infrared galaxies, $C_{\rm{T}}^{(22)} = 0.71\pm0.16$ (mean and standard deviation; Yamada et al. 2021). Considering the small star formation rate of Mrk 739E, we suggest that the gas-to-mass ratio of the host galaxy is an important parameter to determine the circumnuclear environment of an AGN in late merger.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Computational Estimation of the Binding Energies of POx and HPOx (x=2,3) Species
Creators: name: Piacentino, Elettra L.
name: Öberg, Karin I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of molecules between the gas and solid phase during star and planet formation, determines the trajectory of gas and grain surface chemistry, as well as the delivery of elements to nascent planets. This distribution is primarily set by the binding energies of different molecules to water ice surfaces. We computationally estimated the binding energies of ten astrochemically relevant P-bearing species on water surface, we also validate our method for 20 species with known binding energies. We used DFT calculations (M06-2X/aug-cc-pVDZ) to calculate the energetics of molecules and water-molecule clusters (1-3 H$_2$O molecules) and from this determined the binding energy by comparing the complex and the separate molecule and cluster energies. We also explore whether these estimates can be improved by first calibrating our computational method using experimentally measured binding energies. Using the 20 reference molecules we find that the 2H$_2$O cluster size yields the best binding energy estimates and that the application of a calibration to the data may improve the results for some classes of molecules, including more refractory species. Based on these calculations we find that, small P-bearing molecules such as PH$_3$, PN, PO, HPO, PO$_2$ and POOH are relatively volatile and should desorb prior or concomitantly with water ice, while H$_2$PO, HPO$_2$, PO$_3$, PO$_2$OH can strongly bind to any hydroxylated surface, and will likely remain on the interstellar grains surface past the desorbtion of water ice. The depletion of P-carriers on grains constitute a pathway for the inclusion of Phosphorous molecules in planets and planetesimals.
The Effect of Gravitational Lensing on Fast Transient Event Rates
Creators: name: Sammons, Mawson W.
name: James, Clancy W.
name: Trott, Cathryn M.
name: Walker, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast cosmological transients such as fast radio bursts (FRBs) and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) represent a class of sources more compact than any other cosmological object. As such they are sensitive to significant magnification via gravitational lensing from a class of lenses which are not well-constrained by observations today. Low-mass primordial black holes are one such candidate which may constitute a significant fraction of the Universe's dark matter. Current observations only constrain their density in the nearby Universe, giving fast transients from cosmological distances the potential to form complementary constraints. Motivated by this, we calculate the effect that gravitational lensing from a cosmological distribution of compact objects would have on the observed rates of FRBs and GRBs. For static lensing geometries, we rule out the prospect that all FRBs are gravitationally lensed for a range of lens masses and show that lens masses greater than $10^{-5}M_\odot$ can be constrained with 8000 un-localised high fluence FRBs at 1.4GHz, as might be detected by the next generation of FRB-finding telescopes.
description: 10 pages (+7 Supplementary). Accepted to MNRAS
Emergent space-time supersymmetry in 3D Weyl and 2D Dirac semimetals
Creators: name: Jian, Shao-Kai
name: Jiang, Yi-Fan
name: Yao, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supersymmetry (SUSY) interchanges bosons and fermions but no direct evidences of it have been revealed in nature yet. In this letter, we observe that fluctuating pair density waves (PDW) consist of two complex order parameters which can be superpartners of the unavoidably-doubled Weyl fermions in three-dimensional lattice models. We construct explicit fermionic lattice models featuring 3D Weyl fermions and show that PDW is the leading instability via a continuous phase transition as short-range interactions exceed a critical value. Using renormalization group, we theoretically show that N=2 space-time SUSY emerges at the continuous PDW transitions in 3D Weyl semimetals, which we believe is the first realization of emergent (3+1)D space-time SUSY in microscopic lattice models. We further discuss possible routes to realize such lattice models and experimental signatures of emergent SUSY at the PDW criticality.
description: 4.9 pages, 4 figures, published version in Physical Review Letters, Editors' Suggestion in PRL
The Important Electron Impact Collision Cross Sections with Methane
Creators: name: Gadoum, Abdelatif
name: Benyoucef, Djilali
name: Taleb, Rachid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electrical discharge plasma in methane is used in many fields of technology and the knowledge of the electron impact cross sections with the molecule of this gas is necessary for the modeling, which represents a good tool for understanding this phenomenon. The main object of this work is a finding the important electron impact cross sections with the methane molecule through the reviewing the theoretical and measured data found in the literature
description: 3 pages, 1 figure, 2 Tables
Friction and Wear of Automotive Friction Materials
Creators: name: Ramadan, Mohammed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 91309 Tribology

description: The present work discusses the tribological performance of friction composites reinforced by corn and palm fibres at continuous and starting – stopping tests aiming to provide specific relationship between the performances of the two tests. In the friction composites, asbestos is replaced by the corn and palm leaf fibres. The proposed composites contain a mixture of phenolic resin (as matrix), metal powder (iron, copper, and aluminum), graphite, barium sulfate, and silica. Friction coefficient and wear were accurately measured for the two tests (starting-stopping and continuous) to illustrate the effect of the different fibres ingredients and to obtain a relationship between the performances of the two tests. Worn surface of the samples were examined and investigated by SEM scanning electron microscopy for discerning the coherence extent of different agriculture fibres with other components. The tribological properties of the new composite materials were compared with that of three commercial brake linings (brake lining A, brake lining B, and brake lining C), which are Egyptian, Chinese, and Turkish brake linings respectively. Based on the observations in the present work, it was found that the tested natural fibres can replace asbestos in reinforcing the friction composites, where their friction and wear properties were much better than the commercial brake linings. It was observed that the relationship between the performance of the two tests depends on the fibres content of the composites. The values of wear at continuous test are higher than that of starting – stopping test at the same running distance due to the relatively higher velocity. The results showed that composites containing corn fibres and aluminum powder displayed the highest friction values compared to the other tested composites due to the relatively strong adhesion of corn fibres with aluminum.