cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the existence of rigid spheres in four-dimensional spacetime manifolds
Creators: name: Gittel, Hans-Peter
name: Jezierski, Jacek
name: Kijowski, Jerzy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper deals with the generalization of usual round spheres in the flat Minkowski spacetime to the case of a generic four-dimensional spacetime manifold $M$. We consider geometric properties of sphere-like submanifolds in $M$ and introduce conditions on external curvature and torsion, which lead to a definition of a {\em rigid sphere}. The main result is a local existence theorem concernig such spheres. For this purpose we apply the surjective implicit function theorem. The proof is based on a detailed analysis of the linearized problem and leads to an eight-parameter family of solutions in case when the metric tensor $g$ of $M$ is from a certain neighbourhood of the flat Minkowski metric. This contribution continues the study of rigid spheres in (Class. Quantum Grav. \textbf{30} (2013), 175010, doi:10.1088/0264-9381/30/17/175010, 18 pp.).
description: 26 pages
Quasi-black holes: general features and purely field configurations
Creators: name: Bronnikov, K. A.
name: Zaslavskii, O. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Objects that are on the threshold of forming the horizon but never collapse are called quasi-black holes (QBHs). We discuss the properties of the general spherically symmetric QBH metric without addressing its material source, including its limiting cases as the corresponding small parameter tends to zero. We then show that QBHs can exist among self-gravitating configurations of electromagnetic and dilatonic scalar fields without matter. These general results are illustrated by explicit examples of exact solutions.
description: 6 revtex 2-column pages
A cortical shape-adaptive approach to local gyrification index
Creators: name: Gilmore, J.H.
name: Styner, M.A.
name: Girault, J.B.
name: Lyu, I.
name: Kim, S.H.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2018

description: The amount of cortical folding, or gyrification, is typically measured within local cortical regions covered by an equidistant geodesic or nearest neighborhood-ring kernel. However, without careful design, such a kernel can easily cover multiple sulcal and gyral regions that may not be functionally related. Furthermore, this can result in smoothing out details of cortical folding, which consequently blurs local gyrification measurements. In this paper, we propose a novel kernel shape to locally quantify cortical gyrification within sulcal and gyral regions. We adapt wavefront propagation to generate a spatially varying kernel shape that encodes cortical folding patterns: neighboring gyral crowns, sulcal fundi, and sulcal banks. For this purpose, we perform anisotropic wavefront propagation that runs fast along gyral crowns and sulcal fundi by solving a static Hamilton–Jacobi partial differential equation. The resulting kernel adaptively elongates along gyral crowns and sulcal fundi, while keeping a uniform shape over flat regions like sulcal banks. We then measure local gyrification within the proposed spatially varying kernel. The experimental results show that the proposed kernel-based gyrification measure achieves a higher reproducibility than the conventional method in a multi-scan dataset. We further apply the proposed kernel to a brain development study in the early postnatal phase from neonate to 2 years of age. In this study we find that our kernel yields both positive and negative associations of gyrification with age, whereas the conventional method only captures positive associations. In general, our method yields sharper and more detailed statistical maps that associate cortical folding with sex and gestational age.
A deep neural network to assess spontaneous pain from mouse facial expressions
Creators: name: Styner, M.A.
name: Jethwa, J.F.
name: Prieto, J.C.
name: Tuttle, A.H.
name: Mogil, J.S.
name: Sotocinal, S.G.
name: Zylka, M.J.
name: Molinaro, M.J.
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications Inc.
Year: 2018

description: Grimace scales quantify characteristic facial expressions associated with spontaneous pain in rodents and other mammals. However, these scales have not been widely adopted largely because of the time and effort required for highly trained humans to manually score the images. Convoluted neural networks were recently developed that distinguish individual humans and objects in images. Here, we trained one of these networks, the InceptionV3 convolutional neural net, with a large set of human-scored mouse images. Output consists of a binary pain/no-pain assessment and a confidence score. Our automated Mouse Grimace Scale integrates these two outputs and is highly accurate (94%) at assessing the presence of pain in mice across different experimental assays. In addition, we used a novel set of “pain” and “no pain” images to show that automated Mouse Grimace Scale scores are highly correlated with human scores (Pearson’s r = 0.75). Moreover, the automated Mouse Grimace Scale classified a greater proportion of images as “pain” following laparotomy surgery when compared to animals receiving a sham surgery or a post-surgical analgesic. Together, these findings suggest that the automated Mouse Grimace Scale can eliminate the need for tedious human scoring of images and provide an objective and rapid way to quantify spontaneous pain and pain relief in mice.
Short Term Mission: Stabile Intra-specific genomic bacterial classification systems
Creators: name: Fiskebeck, Eve Zeyl
name: Poirier, Aurore
name: La Ragione, Roberto
name: Campling, Elaine
name: Cantlay, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Short Term Missions (STMs) are small travel grants with the aim of sharing scientific expertise, methodologies, equipment and facilities to harmonise the existing approaches and methodologies within the large OHEJP network, and to drive the research forward in a collaborative and non-duplicative fashion to strengthen both the scientific capacity within the OHEJP and also future prevention, preparedness, detection and response of the EU to foodborne and other emerging threats across human-animal-environmental sectors.
(103894) George Buckley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Non-Euclidean, convolutional learning on cortical brain surfaces
Creators: name: Mostapha, M.
name: Pizer, S.
name: Kim, S.
name: Wu, G.
name: Styner, M.
name: Zsembik, L.
Publisher: name: IEEE Computer Society
Year: 2018

description: In recent years there have been many studies indicating that multiple cortical features, extracted at each surface vertex, are promising in the detection of various neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. However, with limited datasets, it is challenging to train stable classifiers with such high-dimensional surface data. This necessitates a feature reduction that is commonly accomplished via regional volumetric morphometry from standard brain atlases. However, current regional summaries are not specific to the given age or pathology that is studied, which runs the risk of losing relevant information that can be critical in the classification process. To solve this issue, this paper proposes a novel data-driven approach by extending convolutional neural networks (CNN) for use on non-Euclidean manifolds such as cortical surfaces. The proposed network learns the most powerful features and brain regions from the extracted large dimensional feature space; thus creating a new feature space in which the dimensionality is reduced and feature distributions are better separated. We demonstrate the usability of the proposed surface-CNN framework in an example study classifying Alzheimers disease patients versus normal controls. The high performance in the cross-validation diagnostic results shows the potential of our proposed prediction system.
Thin accretion disks around cold Bose-Einstein Condensate stars
Creators: name: Dănilă, Bogdan
name: Harko, Tiberiu
name: Kovács, Zoltán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to their superfluid properties some compact astrophysical objects, like neutron or quark stars, may contain a significant part of their matter in the form of a Bose-Einstein Condensate. Observationally distinguishing between neutron/quark stars and Bose-Einstein Condensate stars is a major challenge for this latter theoretical model. An observational possibility of indirectly distinguishing Bose-Einstein Condensate stars from neutron/quark stars is through the study of the thin accretion disks around compact general relativistic objects. In the present paper, we perform a detailed comparative study of the electromagnetic and thermodynamic properties of the thin accretion disks around rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein Condensate stars, neutron stars and quark stars, respectively. Due to the differences in the exterior geometry, the thermodynamic and electromagnetic properties of the disks (energy flux, temperature distribution, equilibrium radiation spectrum and efficiency of energy conversion) are different for these classes of compact objects. Hence in this preliminary study we have pointed out some astrophysical signatures that may allow to observationally discriminate between Bose-Einstein Condensate stars and neutron/quark stars, respectively.
description: 21 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in EPJC; reference added
TRAFIC: Fiber tract classification using deep learning
Creators: name: Ngattai Lam, P.D.
name: Belhomme, G.
name: Ferrall, J.
name: Patterson, B.
name: Prieto, J.C.
name: Styner, M.
Publisher: name: SPIE
Year: 2018

description: We present TRAFIC, a fully automated tool for the labeling and classification of brain fiber tracts. TRAFIC classifies new fibers using a neural network trained using shape features computed from previously traced and manually corrected fiber tracts. It is independent from a DTI Atlas as it is applied to already traced fibers. This work is motivated by medical applications where the process of extracting fibers from a DTI atlas, or classifying fibers manually is time consuming and requires knowledge about brain anatomy. With this new approach we were able to classify traced fiber tracts obtaining encouraging results. In this report we will present in detail the methods used and the results achieved with our approach.
SVA: Shape variation analyzer
Creators: name: Cevidanes, L.
name: Paniagua, B.
name: De Dumast, P.
name: Ruellas, A.
name: Tubau, N.
name: Mirabel, C.
name: Yatabe, M.
name: Styner, M.
name: Prieto, J.C.
Publisher: name: SPIE
Year: 2018

description: Temporo-mandibular osteo arthritis (TMJ OA) is characterized by progressive cartilage degradation and subchondral bone remodeling. The causes of this pathology remain unclear. Current research efforts are concentrated in finding new biomarkers that will help us understand disease progression and ultimately improve the treatment of the disease. In this work, we present Shape Variation Analyzer (SVA), the goal is to develop a noninvasive technique to provide information about shape changes in TMJ OA. SVA uses neural networks to classify morphological variations of 3D models of the mandibular condyle. The shape features used for training include normal vectors, curvature and distances to average models of the condyles. The selected features are purely geometric and are shown to favor the classification task into 6 groups generated by consensus between two clinician experts. With this new approach, we were able to accurately classify 3D models of condyles. In this paper, we present the methods used and the results obtained with this new tool.
A novel framework for the local extraction of extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid from MR brain images
Creators: name: Swanson, M.
name: Piven, J.
name: Styner, M.A.
name: Mostapha, M.
name: Gerig, G.
name: Collins, D.L.
name: Kim, S.
name: Fonov, V.
name: Shen, M.D.
Publisher: name: SPIE
Year: 2018

description: The quantification of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the human brain has shown to play an important role in early postnatal brain developmental. Extr a-axial fluid (EA-CSF), which is characterized by the CSF in the subarachnoid space, is promising in the early detection of children at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Currently, though, there is no tool to extract local EA-CSF measurements in a way that is suitable for localized analysis. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for the localized, cortical surface based analysis of EA-CSF. In our proposed processing, we combine probabilistic brain tissue segmentation, cortical surface reconstruction as well as streamline based local EA-CSF quantification. For streamline computation, we employ the vector field generated by solving a Laplacian partial differential equation (PDE) between the cortical surface and the outer CSF hull. To achieve sub-voxel accuracy while minimizing numerical errors, fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK4) integration was used to generate the streamlines. Finally, the local EA-CSF is computed by integrating the CSF probability along the generated streamlines. The proposed local EA-CSF extraction tool was used to study the early postnatal brain development in typically developing infants. The results show that the proposed localized EA-CSF extraction pipeline can produce statistically significant regions that are not observed in previous global approach.
Simultaneous production of charmonium and bottomonium mesons at LHC
Creators: name: Likhoded, A. K.
name: Luchinsky, A. V.
name: Poslavsky, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inclusive production of $ΥJ/ψ$ pair in proton-proton interation at LHCb is considered. This process is forbidden at leading order of perturbation theory, so such channels as double parton scattering, $χ_bχ_c$ pair production with subsequent radiative decays of $P$-wave quarkonia, contributions of color-octet states, and NLO corrections are studied in details. For all these channels we present theoretical predictions of total cross sections at LHCb and distributions over different kinematical variables. According to presented in the paper results, double parton interaction gives main contribution to the cross section of the considered reaction.
description: minor changes, some references added
Flux-fusion anomaly test and bosonic topological crystalline insulators
Creators: name: Hermele, Michael
name: Chen, Xie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a method, dubbed the flux-fusion anomaly test, to detect certain anomalous symmetry fractionalization patterns in two-dimensional symmetry enriched topological (SET) phases. We focus on bosonic systems with Z2 topological order, and symmetry group of the form G = U(1) $\rtimes$ G', where G' is an arbitrary group that may include spatial symmetries and/or time reversal. The anomalous fractionalization patterns we identify cannot occur in strictly d=2 systems, but can occur at surfaces of d=3 symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases. This observation leads to examples of d=3 bosonic topological crystalline insulators (TCIs) that, to our knowledge, have not previously been identified. In some cases, these d=3 bosonic TCIs can have an anomalous superfluid at the surface, which is characterized by non-trivial projective transformations of the superfluid vortices under symmetry. The basic idea of our anomaly test is to introduce fluxes of the U(1) symmetry, and to show that some fractionalization patterns cannot be extended to a consistent action of G' symmetry on the fluxes. For some anomalies, this can be described in terms of dimensional reduction to d=1 SPT phases. We apply our method to several different symmetry groups with non-trivial anomalies, including G = U(1) X Z2T and G = U(1) X Z2P, where Z2T and Z2P are time-reversal and d=2 reflection symmetry, respectively.
description: 18+13 pages, 4 figures. Significant changes to introduction, and other changes to improve presentation. Title shortened
SMA/Py/ZnO as a new biocompatible polymer supported nanocatalyst for the synthesis of chromeno[2,3-d] pyrimidine-diones through a novel and efficient pathway
Creators: name: Heravi, Majid Mommahed
name: Daraie, Mansoureh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30302 Nanochemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30502 Natural Products Chemistry
subject: 30205 Non-metal Chemistry
subject: Nuclear Chemistry
subject: 30303 Optical Properties of Materials
subject: 30503 Organic Chemical Synthesis
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: 30599 Organic Chemistry not elsewhere classified

description: An efficient and simple method for the synthesis of chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-diones using SMA/Py/ZnO catalyst has been reported. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were coordinated on a modified poly(styrene-comaleic anhydride) (SMA) support to prevent agglomeration and reduction catalytic activity. The polymer support was easily prepared from the reaction of 3-aminopyridine with SMA. The catalyst was characterized by using various characterization techniques such as FTIR,1H NMR, SEM, and EDX. The catalytic activity of SMA/Py/ZnO for the synthesis of chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-diones through a multicom-ponent reaction of 6-amino-1,3-dimethyl uracil, 3,4-methylenedioxyphenol, and an appropriate aryl aldehyde under solvent-free conditions was also studied. © 2019, Canadian Science Publishing. All rights reserved.
Group-wise shape correspondence of variable and complex objects
Creators: name: Styner, M.A.
name: Perdomo, J.
name: Yapuncich, G.S.
name: Boyer, D.M.
name: Lyu, I.
name: Paniagua, B.
Publisher: name: SPIE
Year: 2018

description: We present a group-wise shape correspondence method for analyzing variable and complex objects in a population study. The proposed method begins with the standard spherical harmonics (SPHARM) point distribution models (PDM) with their spherical mappings. In case of complex and variable objects, the equal area spherical mapping based SPHARM correspondence is imperfect. For such objects, we present here a novel group-wise correspondence. As an example dataset, we use 12 second mandibular molars representing 6 living or fossil euarchontan species. To improve initial correspondence of the SPHARM-PDM representation, we first apply a rigid transformation on each subject using five well-known landmarks (molar cusps). We further enhance the correspondence by optimizing landmarks (local) and multidimensional geometric property (global) over each subject with spherical harmonic representation. The resulting average shape model better captures sharp landmark representation in quantitative evaluation as well as a nice separation of different species compared with that of the SPHARM-PDM method.
Application of a single-board computer as a low cost pulse generator
Creators: name: Fedrizzi, Marcus
name: Soria, Julio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A BeagleBone Black (BBB) single-board open-source computer was implemented as a low-cost fully programmable pulse generator. The pulse generator makes use of the BBB Programmable Real-Time Unit (PRU) subsystem to achieve a deterministic temporal resolution of 5 ns, an RMS jitter of 290 ps and a timebase stability on the order of 10 ppm. A python based software framework has also been developed to simplify the usage of the pulse generator.
Increased Extra-axial Cerebrospinal Fluid in High-Risk Infants Who Later Develop Autism
Creators: name: McKinstry, R.C.
name: Constantino, J.
name: Schultz, R.T.
name: Styner, M.A.
name: Kostopoulos, P.
name: Emerson, R.W.
name: Zwaigenbaum, L.
name: Botteron, K.
name: Dager, S.R.
name: Gu, H.
name: Styner, M.
name: Swanson, M.R.
name: Kim, S.H.
name: Nordahl, C.W.
name: Schultz, R.
name: Infant Brain Imaging Study Network
name: Pike, G.B.
name: Collins, D.L.
name: Fonov, V.S.
name: Shaw, D.
name: Das, S.
name: Gerig, G.
name: Paterson, S.
name: Amaral, D.G.
name: Shen, M.D.
name: Piven, J.
name: Elison, J.T.
name: Hazlett, H.C.
name: Chappell, C.
name: Estes, A.M.
name: McKinstry, R.
name: Elison, J.
name: Pruett, J.
name: Evans, A.C.
name: Botteron, K.N.
Publisher: name: Elsevier USA
Year: 2017

description: Background We previously reported that infants who developed autism spectrum disorder (ASD) had increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the subarachnoid space (i.e., extra-axial CSF) from 6 to 24 months of age. We attempted to confirm and extend this finding in a larger independent sample. Methods A longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study of infants at risk for ASD was carried out on 343 infants, who underwent neuroimaging at 6, 12, and 24 months. Of these infants, 221 were at high risk for ASD because of an older sibling with ASD, and 122 were at low risk with no family history of ASD. A total of 47 infants were diagnosed with ASD at 24 months and were compared with 174 high-risk and 122 low-risk infants without ASD. Results Infants who developed ASD had significantly greater extra-axial CSF volume at 6 months compared with both comparison groups without ASD (18% greater than high-risk infants without ASD; Cohen's d = 0.54). Extra-axial CSF volume remained elevated through 24 months (d = 0.46). Infants with more severe autism symptoms had an even greater volume of extra-axial CSF from 6 to 24 months (24% greater at 6 months, d = 0.70; 15% greater at 24 months, d = 0.70). Extra-axial CSF volume at 6 months predicted which high-risk infants would be diagnosed with ASD at 24 months with an overall accuracy of 69% and corresponding 66% sensitivity and 68% specificity, which was fully cross-validated in a separate sample. Conclusions This study confirms and extends previous findings that increased extra-axial CSF is detectable at 6 months in high-risk infants who develop ASD. Future studies will address whether this anomaly is a contributing factor to the etiology of ASD or an early risk marker for ASD.
(103890) Edwin Buckley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Short Term Mission: Microbiological and molecular techniques for Brucella identification
Creators: name: Angelova, Albena Dimitrova
name: Mateva, Gergana
name: Milanov, Mihail Vladimirov
name: Poirier, Aurore
name: La Ragione, Roberto
name: Campling, Elaine
name: Cantlay, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Short Term Missions (STMs) are small travel grants with the aim of sharing scientific expertise, methodologies, equipment and facilities to harmonise the existing approaches and methodologies within the large OHEJP network, and to drive the research forward in a collaborative and non-duplicative fashion to strengthen both the scientific capacity within the OHEJP and also future prevention, preparedness, detection and response of the EU to foodborne and other emerging threats across human-animal-environmental sectors.
Hydrodynamic Effects in the Symmetron and $f(R)$-gravity Models
Creators: name: Hammami, Amir
name: Llinares, Claudio
name: Mota, David F.
name: Winther, Hans A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present the first results from implementing two scalar-tensor modified gravity theories, the symmetron and the Hu-Sawicki $f(R)$-gravity model, into a hydrodynamic N-body code with dark matter particles and a baryonic ideal gas. The study is a continuation of previous work where the symmetron and $f(R)$ have been successfully implemented in the RAMSES code, but for dark matter only. By running simulations, we show that the deviation from $Λ$CDM in these models for the gas density profiles are significantly lower than the dark matter equivalents. When it comes to the matter power-spectrum we find that hydrodynamic simulations agree very well with dark matter only simulations as long as we consider scales larger than $k\sim 0.5$ h/Mpc. In general the effects of modified gravity on the baryonic gas is found to not always mirror the effects it has on the dark matter. The largest signature is found when considering temperature profiles. We find that the gas temperatures in the modified gravity model studied here show deviations, when compared to $Λ$CDM, that can be a factor of a few larger than the deviations found in density profiles and power spectra.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, submitted to MNRAS
(103891) Margaret Buckley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Unfreeze with Care: Space-Efficient Fine-Tuning of Semantic Parsing Models
Creators: name: Sun, Weiqi
name: Khan, Haidar
name: Mesnards, Nicolas Guenon des
name: Rubino, Melanie
name: Arkoudas, Konstantine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Semantic parsing is a key NLP task that maps natural language to structured meaning representations. As in many other NLP tasks, SOTA performance in semantic parsing is now attained by fine-tuning a large pretrained language model (PLM). While effective, this approach is inefficient in the presence of multiple downstream tasks, as a new set of values for all parameters of the PLM needs to be stored for each task separately. Recent work has explored methods for adapting PLMs to downstream tasks while keeping most (or all) of their parameters frozen. We examine two such promising techniques, prefix tuning and bias-term tuning, specifically on semantic parsing. We compare them against each other on two different semantic parsing datasets, and we also compare them against full and partial fine-tuning, both in few-shot and conventional data settings. While prefix tuning is shown to do poorly for semantic parsing tasks off the shelf, we modify it by adding special token embeddings, which results in very strong performance without compromising parameter savings.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, submitted to the ACM Web Conference 2022 (WWW '22) and accepted as a full-length research track paper. To be published in the proceedings and ACM Digital Library
HARMONIZING PEDESTRIANS MOBILITY AT LEVEL CROSSING (THE CASE OF SEBATEGNA LEVEL CROSSING IN ADDIS ABABA)
Creators: name: Nyakona, Christine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The highway-rail grade crossing is unique in that it constitutes the intersection of two transportation modes, which differ in both the physical characteristics of their travelled ways and their operations. Level crossings involve a considerable number of pedestrians and their harmony with the road and rail traffic, along with railway and road geometry setup is paramount to enhance the economic, social and environmental aspects of public transportation. The level crossing being a shared space, pedestrians experience time and space constrained mobility and their safety at the level crossing is at risk. This research harmonizes the mobility of pedestrians at level crossings. The case of Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit (AALRT) is chosen, with a specific focus on Sebategna level crossing. The current level crossing at Sebategna is a multi-modal shared space that is managed by the train signal, a bell that rings for an approaching train, level crossing signalmen and traffic officers. This setting results in space and time constrained mobility of pedestrians, congestion, and crashes. Constraints to pedestrian mobility and causes of safety-related issues experienced by pedestrians at the level crossing were examined. Using PTV Vissim multi-modal simulation software, this research developed and evaluated two test scenarios that could improve pedestrian mobility and improve their safety at Sebategna level crossing.
Spatial Rotation of the Fractional Derivative in Two Dimensional Space
Creators: name: Malkawi, Ehab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A33, 26B12, 22E70, 22E45, 20G05

description: The transformation of the partial fractional derivatives under spatial rotation in $R^2$ are derived for the Riemann-Liouville and Caputo definitions. These transformation properties link the observation of physical quantities, expressed through fractional derivatives, with respect to different coordinate systems (observers). It is the hope that such understanding could shed light on the physical interpretation of fractional derivatives. Also it is necessary to able to construct interaction terms that are invariant with respect to equivalent observers.
Subcortical Brain and Behavior Phenotypes Differentiate Infants With Autism Versus Language Delay
Creators: name: Botteron, K.N.
name: Dager, S.R.
name: Hazlett, H.C.
name: Emerson, R.W.
name: Wolff, J.J.
name: Schultz, R.T.
name: Shen, M.D.
name: Marrus, N.
name: Zwaigenbaum, L.
name: Elison, J.T.
name: IBIS Network
name: Swanson, M.R.
name: Piven, J.
name: Truong, K.
name: Pandey, J.
name: Styner, M.A.
name: Paterson, S.
name: Watson, L.R.
name: Estes, A.M.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Inc
Year: 2017

description: Background Younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are themselves at increased risk for ASD and other developmental concerns. It is unclear if infants who display developmental concerns, but are unaffected by ASD, share similar or dissimilar behavioral and brain phenotypes to infants with ASD. Most individuals with ASD exhibit heterogeneous difficulties with language, and their receptive-expressive language profiles are often atypical. Yet, little is known about the neurobiology that contributes to these language difficulties. Methods In this study, we used behavioral assessments and structural magnetic resonance imaging to investigate early brain structures and associations with later language skills. High-risk infants who were later diagnosed with ASD (n = 86) were compared with high-risk infants who showed signs of early language delay (n = 41) as well as with high- and low-risk infants who did not have ASD or language delay (n = 255 and 143, respectively). Results Results indicated that diminished language skills were evident at 12 months in infants with ASD and infants with early language delay. At 24 months of age, only the infants with ASD displayed atypical receptive-expressive language profiles. Associations between 12-month subcortical volumes and 24-month language skills were moderated by group status, indicating disordinal brain-behavior associations among infants with ASD and infants with language delay. Conclusions These results suggest that there are different brain mechanisms influencing language development in infants with ASD and infants with language delay, and that the two groups likely experience unique sets of genetic and environmental risk factors.
The initial system-bath state via the maximum-entropy principle
Creators: name: Dai, Jibo
name: Len, Yink Loong
name: Ng, Hui Khoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The initial state of a system-bath composite is needed as the input for prediction from any quantum evolution equation to describe subsequent system-only reduced dynamics or the noise on the system from joint evolution of the system and the bath. The conventional wisdom is to write down an uncorrelated state as if the system and the bath were prepared in the absence of each other; yet, such a factorized state cannot be the exact description in the presence of system-bath interactions. Here, we show how to go beyond the simplistic factorized-state prescription using ideas from quantum tomography: We employ the maximum-entropy principle to deduce an initial system- bath state consistent with the available information. For the generic case of weak interactions, we obtain an explicit formula for the correction to the factorized state. Such a state turns out to have little correlation between the system and the bath, which we can quantify using our formula. This has implications, in particular, on the subject of subsequent non-completely-positive dynamics of the system. Deviation from predictions based on such an almost uncorrelated state is indicative of accidental control of hidden degrees of freedom in the bath.
description: Accepted for PRA. 10 pages, 3 figure, We have include a much expanded discussion of the consequences of our initial result and also illustrated our method using relevant examples in V3. We thank the anonymous referee for critical suggestions and comments
Direct Measurement of the Exciton Binding Energy and Effective Masses for Charge carriers in an Organic-Inorganic Tri-halide Perovskite
Creators: name: Miyata, Atsuhiko
name: Mitioglu, Anatolie
name: Plochocka, Paulina
name: Portugall, Oliver
name: Wang, Jacob Tse-Wei
name: Stranks, Samuel D.
name: Snaith, Henry J.
name: Nicholas, Robin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar cells based on the organic-inorganic tri-halide perovskite family of materials have shown remarkable progress recently, offering the prospect of low-cost solar energy from devices that are very simple to process. Fundamental to understanding the operation of these devices is the exciton binding energy, which has proved both difficult to measure directly and controversial. We demonstrate that by using very high magnetic fields it is possible to make an accurate and direct spectroscopic measurement of the exciton binding energy, which we find to be only 16 meV at low temperatures, over three times smaller than has been previously assumed. In the room temperature phase we show that the binding energy falls to even smaller values of only a few millielectronvolts, which explains their excellent device performance due to spontaneous free carrier generation following light absorption. Additionally, we determine the excitonic reduced effective mass to be 0.104me (where me is the electron mass), significantly smaller than previously estimated experimentally but in good agreement with recent calculations. Our work provides crucial information about the photophysics of these materials, which will in turn allow improved optoelectronic device operation and better understanding of their electronic properties.
description: 4 figures, version resubmitted to Nature Physics after corrections
(103893) Charles Buckley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(103888) Henry B Pinniger
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Impact of Demographic and Obstetric Factors on Infant Brain Volumes: A Population Neuroscience Study
Creators: name: Ahn, M.
name: Zhu, H.
name: Zou, F.
name: Jha, S.C.
name: Xia, K.
name: Knickmeyer, R.C.
name: Gilmore, J.H.
name: Styner, M.
name: Lu, Z.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Individual differences in neuroanatomy are associated with intellectual ability and psychiatric risk. Factors responsible for this variability remain poorly understood. We tested whether 17 major demographic and obstetric variables were associated with individual differences in brain volumes in 756 neonates assessed with MRI. Gestational age at MRI, sex, gestational age at birth, and birthweight were the most significant predictors, explaining 31% to 59% of variance. Unexpectedly, earlier born babies had larger brains than later born babies after adjusting for other predictors. Our results suggest earlier born children experience accelerated brain growth, either as a consequence of the richer sensory environment they experience outside the womb or in response to other factors associated with delivery. In the full sample, maternal and paternal education, maternal ethnicity, maternal smoking, and maternal psychiatric history showed marginal associations with brain volumes, whereas maternal age, paternal age, paternal ethnicity, paternal psychiatric history, and income did not. Effects of parental education and maternal ethnicity are partially mediated by differences in birthweight. Remaining effects may reflect differences in genetic variation or cultural capital. In particular late initiation of prenatal care could negatively impact brain development. Findings could inform public health policy aimed at optimizing child development.
Micronycteris buriri P. A. Larsen et al. 2011
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Mittermeier, Russell A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Phyllostomidae
Micronycteris
Micronycteris buriri

description: 14. Saint Vincent Big-eared Bat Micronycteris buriri French: Micronyctére de Saint-Vincent / German: St.-Vincent-GroRohrblattnase / Spanish: Micronicterio de Saint Vincent Taxonomy. Micronycteris buriri P. A. Larsen et al, 2011, “ Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Vincent; St. Andrew Parish: Vermont Nature Trail, Parrot Lookout; 2.3 km N, 1.75 km E Vermont (13°13'20.2"N, 61°12’43.4"W). Collected at 496 m in elevation.” This species is monotypic. Distribution. Saint Vincent I, S Lesser Anulles. Descriptive notes. Head—body 66-72 mm, tail 12-18 mm, ear 19-25 mm, hindfoot 10-13 mm, forearm 36-4-39-5 mm. Greatest lengths of skulls are 20-7-21-7 mm. Recently described Saint Vincent Big-eared Bat is a relatively large species of dark-bellied Micronycteris, with long dorsal fur. Hairs are bicolored, with basal white bands and darker tips. Ventral hairs are unicolored in juveniles and have narrow white bases in adults. Tips of hairs are snuff brown to bister, and overall color is medium brown. Ears are large, rounded attips, furred at anterior margin, and joined at bases by low band with shallow notch in middle. Rostrum is elongated, and nasal bones are inflated. Basisphenoid pits are shallow. I' have smooth distal margins and are large and not bilobed. I? are small and convergent medially at their tips. Lower incisors are high and hypsodont, and upper and lower incisors have prominent cingula. P* is slightly larger than P°. There is moderately developed parastyle in M*. Wear can affect relative size of premolars, particularly lower post-canine series, but it is generally possible to distinguish that P, is smaller than the other two premolars. Habitat. Forests and banana plantations from sea level to 646 m elevation. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Saint Vincent Big-eared Bat has been found in sea caves. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Restricted distribution of Saint Vincent Big-eared Bat to the small island of Saint Vincent might be conservation concern. Bibliography. Larsen et al. (2011), Vaughan & Hill (1996).
description: Published as part of Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Phyllostomidae, pp. 444-583 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 495, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6458594
The UNC-Wisconsin rhesus macaque neurodevelopment database: A structural MRI and DTI database of early postnatal development
Creators: name: Shi, Y.
name: Styner, M.A.
name: Knickmeyer, R.C.
name: Coe, C.L.
name: Lubach, G.R.
name: Alexander, A.L.
name: Grauer, M.
name: Young, J.T.
name: Budin, F.
name: Davis, B.
name: Niethammer, M.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Research Foundation
Year: 2017

description: Rhesus macaques are commonly used as a translational animal model in neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental research. In this report, we present longitudinal data from both structural and diffusion MRI images generated on a cohort of 34 typically developing monkeys from 2 weeks to 36 months of age. All images have been manually skull stripped and are being made freely available via an online repository for use by the research community.
Искусство Евразии,Выпуск 2 (17) 2020
Creators: name: Алтайский государственный технический университет им. И.И. Ползунова
Publisher: name: Алтайский государственный технический университет им. И.И. Ползунова
Year: 2020

description: Искусство Евразии,Выпуск 2 (17) 2020
Towards an intelligent VNS heuristic for the k-labelled spanning forest problem
Creators: name: Consoli, Sergio
name: Pèrez, Josè Andrès Moreno
name: Mladenovic, Nenad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In a currently ongoing project, we investigate a new possibility for solving the k-labelled spanning forest (kLSF) problem by an intelligent Variable Neighbourhood Search (Int-VNS) metaheuristic. In the kLSF problem we are given an undirected input graph G and an integer positive value k, and the aim is to find a spanning forest of G having the minimum number of connected components and the upper bound k on the number of labels to use. The problem is related to the minimum labelling spanning tree (MLST) problem, whose goal is to get the spanning tree of the input graph with the minimum number of labels, and has several applications in the real world, where one aims to ensure connectivity by means of homogeneous connections. The Int-VNS metaheuristic that we propose for the kLSF problem is derived from the promising intelligent VNS strategy recently proposed for the MLST problem, and integrates the basic VNS for the kLSF problem with other complementary approaches from machine learning, statistics and experimental algorithmics, in order to produce high-quality performance and to completely automate the resulting strategy.
description: 2 pages, Fifteenth International Conference on Computer Aided Systems Theory (EUROCAST 2015), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
Méthode de Mahler: relations linéaires, transcendance et applications aux nombres automatiques
Creators: name: Adamczewski, Boris
name: Faverjon, Colin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is concerned with Mahler's method. We study in detail the structure of linear relations between values of Mahler functions at algebraic points. In particular, given a field ${\bf k}$, a Mahler function $f(z)\in{\bf k}\{z\}$, and an algebraic number $α$, $0
description: 46 pp, in French
Fast predictive multimodal image registration
Creators: name: Kwitt, R.
name: Styner, M.
name: Niethammer, M.
name: Yang, X.
Publisher: name: IEEE Computer Society
Year: 2017

description: We introduce a deep encoder-decoder architecture for image deformation prediction from multimodal images. Specifically, we design an image-patch-based deep network that jointly (i) learns an image similarity measure and (ii) the relationship between image patches and deformation parameters. While our method can be applied to general image registration formulations, we focus on the Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping (LDDMM) registration model. By predicting the initial momentum of the shooting formulation of LDDMM, we preserve its mathematical properties and drastically reduce the computation time, compared to optimization-based approaches. Furthermore, we create a Bayesian probabilistic version of the network that allows evaluation of registration uncertainty via sampling of the network at test time. We evaluate our method on a 3D brain MRI dataset using both T1- and T2-weighted images. Our experiments show that our method generates accurate predictions and that learning the similarity measure leads to more consistent registrations than relying on generic multimodal image similarity measures, such as mutual information. Our approach is an order of magnitude faster than optimization-based LDDMM.