cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Score-matching neural networks for improved multi-band source separation
Creators: name: Sampson, Matt L.
name: Melchior, Peter
name: Ward, Charlotte
name: Birmingham, Sufia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the implementation of a score-matching neural network that represents a data-driven prior for non-parametric galaxy morphologies. The gradients of this prior can be incorporated in the optimization of galaxy models to aid with tasks like deconvolution, inpainting or source separation. We demonstrate this approach with modification of the multi-band modeling framework Scarlet that is currently employed as deblending method in the pipelines of the HyperSuprimeCam survey and the Rubin Observatory. The addition of the prior avoids the requirement of non-differentiable constraints, which can lead to convergence failures we discovered in Scarlet. We present the architecture and training details of our score-matching neural network and show with simulated Rubin-like observations that using a data-driven prior outperforms the baseline \scarlet method in accuracy of total flux and morphology estimates, while maintaining excellent performance for colors. We also demonstrate significant improvements in the robustness to inaccurate initializations. The trained score models used for this analysis are publicly available at https://github.com/SampsonML/galaxygrad.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures, accepted in Astronomy and Computing
Creation of Web Data and User Guide for Consumer Digital Video Archival
Creators: name: Hill, Brenn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009
Subjects: Video recordings--Cataloging

description: Consumer creation of personal digital video is becoming increasingly commonplace. However, while video services abound, there is little information for the consumer in terms of how to archive and protect their recordings. Technological change, different recording formats, and confusions of compatibility all make it difficult for consumers to make choices in terms of how to archive their video. Thus, a website was created with video format data and combined with a guide on common terms and issues that occur with digital video backup and archival.
Additional file 3 of Analysis of lineage-specific protein family variability in prokaryotes combined with evolutionary reconstructions
Creators: name: Karamycheva, Svetlana
name: Wolf, Yuri I.
name: Persi, Erez
name: Koonin, Eugene V.
name: Makarova, Kira S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Fig. S2. Fractions of conserved, medium and variable positions in each csCOG by lineage. Red dots correspond to 34 families described in the Table 2.
The bidirectional and contemporaneous associations of the memory-experience gap of positive /negative affect with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and life satisfaction
Creators: name: Neubauer, Andreas
name: Dees, Katharina C.
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: ESCAPE project
subject: affect recall
subject: ambulatory assessment
subject: anxiety symptoms
subject: cross-lagged panel model
subject: daily diary
subject: depressive symptoms
subject: experience sampling
subject: life satisfaction
subject: longitudinal study
subject: measurement burst study
subject: memory-experience gap
subject: positive /negative affect
subject: three-level models

description: Prior research suggests that memory biases are associated with the development and maintenance of psychological disorders such as depression (e.g., Grant et al., 2020). One such memory bias phenomenon is the memory-experience gap (MeG; e.g., Miron-Shatz et al., 2009) of positive (PA) and negative affect (NA), which is defined as an overestimation of retrospective assessments of affective states (Neubauer & Kramer, 2022). However, so far studies have mostly examined the MeG of NA/ PA and its associations with depression /depressive symptoms (e.g., Zetsche et al., 2019; Wenze et al., 2012), without considering the temporal directionality of this relation. Moreover, evidence concerning the relation between other mental disorders and the MeG of NA /PA is very limited (e.g., no association with anxiety; Wenze et al., 2012). Thus, in the present work we aim to disentangle the contemporaneous and reciprocal associations between the MeG of NA/ PA and depressive symptoms as well as other indicators of mental health (anxiety symptoms and life satisfaction) across a longitudinal measurement burst research design. Among others, the following research questions will be addressed: a) How is the temporal directionality of the associations between depressive symptoms and the MeG of NA/ PA? b) Is the relation between depressive symptoms and the MeG of NA/ PA a unique or rather general phenomenon which also applies to other mental disorders, e.g., anxiety symptoms? For this, data from the ESCAPE (Effects of Stress on Cognitive Aging, Physiology and Emotion; Scott et al., 2015) project will be used. This measurement burst study, consisting of 4 waves, comprises of a systematic probability sampled sample of N=260 individuals (aged 25 - 65 years) living in Bronx County, NY, USA.
What is the optimal way to measure the galaxy power spectrum?
Creators: name: Smith, Robert E.
name: Marian, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the galaxy power spectrum contain a wealth of information about the Universe. Its optimal extraction is vital if we are to truly understand the micro-physical nature of dark matter and dark energy. In Smith & Marian (2015) we generalized the power spectrum methodology of Feldman et al. (1994) to take into account the key tenets of galaxy formation: galaxies form and reside exclusively in dark matter haloes; a given dark matter halo may host galaxies of various luminosities; galaxies inherit the large-scale bias associated with their host halo. In this paradigm we derived the optimal weighting and reconstruction scheme for maximizing the signal-to-noise on a given band power estimate. For a future all-sky flux-limited galaxy redshift survey of depth b_J ~22, we now demonstrate that the optimal weighting scheme does indeed provide improved S/N at the level of ~20% when compared to Feldman et al. (1994) and ~60% relative to Percival et al. (2003), for scales of order k~0.5 Mpc/h. Using a Fisher matrix approach, we show that the cosmological information yield is also increased relative to these alternate methods -- especially the primordial power spectrum amplitude and dark energy equation of state.
description: 6 pages and 3 figures; comments welcome
Uncovering Coker: Revealing the Life of a Botanist through a Special Collections Exhibit
Creators: name: Guthrie, Emily
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003
Subjects: Museum techniques Case studies
Libraries United States Special collections History, Local
Exhibitions
Library exhibits
Coker, William Chambers, 1872-1953

description: This paper describes the process of creating an exhibit of special collections  materials for Wilson Library at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.  The materials included in the exhibit were selected to describe the life of William  Chambers Coker, a botanist who taught at UNC during the first half of the  twentieth century. The exhibit, undertaken as a thesis project by the author,  coincided with the 100th anniversary of the Coker Arboretum on the UNC  campus.  Included in the paper are an analysis of the exhibit space in Wilson Library,  delineating its limitations, preservation issues, and design possibilities; a review  of exhibition theory literature and its relevance to library exhibits; a description  of the exhibit research process and the breadth of resources available; and a  discussion of the considerations that guided the selections of items for the  exhibit.
Local measurement strategies for multipartite entanglement quantification
Creators: name: Coffman, Luke
name: Seshadri, Akshay
name: Smith, Graeme
name: Beckey, Jacob L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite multipartite entanglement being a global property of a quantum state, a number of recent works have made it clear that it can be quantified using only local measurements. This is appealing because local measurements are the easiest to implement on current quantum hardware. However, it remains an open question what protocol one should use in order to minimize the resources required to estimate multipartite entanglement from local measurements alone. In this work, we construct and compare several estimators of multipartite entanglement based solely on the data from local measurements. We first construct statistical estimators for a broad family of entanglement measures using local randomized measurement (LRM) data before providing a general criterion for the construction of such estimators in terms of projective 2-designs. Importantly, this allows us to de-randomize the multipartite estimation protocol based on LRMs. In particular, we show how local symmetric informationally complete POVMs enable multipartite entanglement quantification with only a single measurement setting. For all estimators, we provide both the classical post-processing cost and rigorous performance guarantees in the form of analytical upper bounds on the number of measurements needed to estimate the measures to any desired precision.
description: 12+6 pages, 4 figures
MPEC 2023-F146 : 2023 FE4
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 FE4

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Additional file 4 of Analysis of lineage-specific protein family variability in prokaryotes combined with evolutionary reconstructions
Creators: name: Karamycheva, Svetlana
name: Wolf, Yuri I.
name: Persi, Erez
name: Koonin, Eugene V.
name: Makarova, Kira S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Fig. S3. Selected multiple alignments for 34 families with high fraction of conserved and variably positions. A. The plots below alignment show the propensity for disorder or order: red line—disordered loops (IUPred2); Blue line—ordered structures (ANCHOR2). Sequences identified by protein accessions. csCOG number and protein family description is indicated for each alignment. B. Several alignments of orthologous protein subfamilies without hypervariable regions. Alignments were colored using http://www.bioinformatics.org/sms2/color_align_cons.html server with default amino acid groups with 100% consensus.
VRS State Primary Exit Poll: California Republican Primary
Creators: name: ABC News
name: CBS News
name: CNN
name: NBC News
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Voting record(3); most important issue(1); candidate issues(6); voting intentions(2); national issues(5); government performance(1); Governor Wilson job performance(1); ideology(1); economic situation(1); party ID(1).
Archival Processing Information: Exploring Primary Source User Attitudes toward Extended Access
Creators: name: McClendon, Angela M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007
Subjects: Access to archives
Archives
Archives--Use studies

description: In 2002, Tom Hyry and Michelle Light proposed the expansion of the "processing information" portion of archival finding aids to include more information on how collections are processed and the archivists who process them. This exploratory study investigated the attitudes of a selection of University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill faculty members with experience using archival collections. Surveys were used to collect biographical and attitudinal information from these researchers. The respondents did report a high level of interest in several types of administrative and processing information, particularly information regarding materials that were removed from collections and notes regarding the acquisition of collections. Respondents were most interested in professional information about the processing archivist, such as his or her title, employment status, and prior experience, and least interested in personal information about the processing archivist such as gender or political affiliation.
Interaction-driven fractional quantum Hall state of hard-core bosons on kagome lattice at one-third filling
Creators: name: Zhu, W.
name: Gong, S. S.
name: Sheng, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There has been a growing interest in realizing topologically nontrivial states of matter in band insulators, where a quantum Hall effect can appear as an intrinsic property of the band structure. While the on-going progress is under way with a number of directions, the possibility of realizing novel interaction-generated topological phases, without the requirement of a nontrivial invariant encoded in single-particle wavefunction or band structure, can significantly extend the class of topological materials and is thus of great importance. Here, we show an interaction-driven topological phase emerging in an extended Bose-Hubbard model on kagome lattice, where the non-interacting band structure is topological trivial with zero Berry curvature in the Brillouin zone. By means of an unbiased state-of-the-art density-matrix renormalization group technique, we identify that the groundstate in a broad parameter region is equivalent to a bosonic fractional quantum Hall Laughlin state, based on the characterization of universal properties including groundstate degeneracy, edge excitations and anyonic quasiparticle statistics. Our work paves a way of finding interaction induced topological phase at the phase boundary of conventionally ordered solid phases.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
On the formalization of the notion of an algorithm
Creators: name: Middelburg, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.1.1; F.2.0

description: The starting point of this paper is a collection of properties of an algorithm that have been distilled from the informal descriptions of what an algorithm is that are given in standard works from the mathematical and computer science literature. Based on that, the notion of a proto-algorithm is introduced. The thought is that algorithms are equivalence classes of proto-algorithms under some equivalence relation. Three equivalence relations are defined. Two of them give bounds between which an appropriate equivalence relation must lie. The third lies in between these two and is likely an appropriate equivalence relation. A sound method is presented to prove, using an imperative process algebra based on ACP, that this equivalence relation holds between two proto-algorithms.
description: 22 pages, revision of v1, presentation improved at several places and some minor errors corrected
The effects of online game addiction therapeutic camp on stabilityof online game addiction model for children and youth in Thailand
Creators: name: Alicha Soontawong
Publisher: name: Division of Research Facilitation and Dissemination Mahasarakham University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Online game addiction, therapeutic camp, numerical analysis, optimal control

description: RESEARCH & KNOWLEDGE, 4, 2, page 33-39
Fragmentierung und Internationalisierung. Der Blick des orthodoxen Pols der Soziologie-Professor_innen in Deutschland
Creators: name: Wimmer, Christopher
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Wissenschaftsforschung , Internationalisierung
subject: 300
subject: Fragmentierung
subject: Soziologie-Professor_innen

description: Im Anschluss an Pierre Bourdieu untersucht der Beitrag die akademische Soziologie in Deutschland als soziales Feld und versucht, das soziologische Wissen einer soziologischen Kritik zu unterziehen. Über die dominanten Akteure, die Professor_innen, soll sich dem Feld empirisch genähert werden. Auf Grundlage einer Vollerhebung aller deutschen Soziologie-Professuren und qualitativer Interviews mit den einflussreichsten Akteuren soll sowohl die Struktur des universitären Feldes als auch der Blick der Akteure auf die Soziologie nachgezeichnet werden. Mit diesem Vorgehen soll ersichtlich werden, welche Trends in der derzeitigen deutschen Soziologie vorherrschend sind. Zum einen zeichnet sie sich durch fortschreitende Fragmentierung und mangelnden Konflikt zwischen unterschiedlichen Schulen aus. Verstärkt wird dies durch eine zunehmende Internationalisierung, die sich weitestgehend an Standards des angelsächsischen Raums auszeichnet.
Archival Approaches to the Preservation of Moving-Image, Immersive Installation Artworks
Creators: name: Falls, Sarah E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004
Subjects: Digital Art Exhibitions
Installations (Art)
Video art Themes, motives Exhibitions
Art and technology

description: The convergence of technology and aesthetics has brought about a multitude of  innovative artworks but also a variety of problems. New media artworks fall far outside  the art historical canon and defy traditional modes of criticism and classification. Because  new media works are multi-faceted, issues of retention and preservation are beyond the  scope of many curators and conservators. Installation artworks that incorporate moving  images are particularly problematic in that they incorporate sculptural and architectural  elements with digital, video or film and uniquely situate the viewer within the work.  Curators have begun to work in league with archivists and information specialists to  preserve the physical components of "immersive" installation artworks but fail to take the  viewer into account, thereby missing a crucial component of these works. This paper  discusses the problems inherent with "archiving" these artworks and urges that more  active practices take place to preserve the essence of the installations while on exhibit  through viewer interaction. Suggestions are made for inclusion of the viewer and further  attempts towards long-term retention.
Disproportionate Removals and Differing Content Moderation Experiences for Conservative, Transgender, and Black Social Media Users: Marginalization and Moderation Gray Areas
Creators: name: Haimson, Oliver L.
name: Delmonaco, Daniel
name: Nie, Peipei
name: Wegner, Andrea
Publisher: name: ACM
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: content moderation
subject: social media
subject: marginalization
subject: misinformation
subject: hate speech
subject: transgender
subject: Black
subject: race
subject: gender
subject: LGBTQ
subject: conservative
subject: political orientation
subject: Information Science
subject: Social Sciences

description: Social media sites use content moderation to attempt to cultivate safe spaces with accurate information for their users. However, content moderation decisions may not be applied equally for all types of users, and may lead to disproportionate censorship related to people’s genders, races, or political orientations. We conducted a mixed methods study involving qualitative and quantitative analysis of survey data to understand which types of social media users have content and accounts removed more frequently than others, what types of content and accounts are removed, and how content removed may differ between groups. We found that three groups of social media users in our dataset experienced content and account removals more often than others: political conservatives, transgender people, and Black people. However, the types of content removed from each group varied substantially. Conservative participants’ removed content included content that was offensive or allegedly so, misinformation, Covid-related, adult, or hate speech. Transgender participants’ content was often removed as adult despite following site guidelines, critical of a dominant group (e.g., men, white people), or specifically related to transgender or queer issues. Black participants’ removed content was frequently related to racial justice or racism. More broadly, conservative participants’ removals often involved harmful content removed according to site guidelines to create safe spaces with accurate information, while transgender and Black participants’ removals often involved content related to expressing their marginalized identities that was removed despite following site policies or fell into content moderation gray areas. We discuss potential ways forward to make content moderation more equitable for marginalized social media users, such as embracing and designing specifically for content moderation gray areas.
Motivation of Undergraduate Student Employees in Academic Libraries
Creators: name: Dorner, Elizabeth S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011
Subjects: Student assistants--Research libraries
Student assistants--College and university libraries
Surveys--Student assistants
Surveys--Intrinsic motivation
Surveys--Personnel

description: This study sees to explore what motivates undergraduate student employees in academic libraries.  The literature contains many anecdotal accounts of motivation programs and incentives employed in academic libraries but very few empirical studies concerning these employees. This study explored student employee motivation within the framework of self-determination theory: measuring levels of intrinsic motivation, internalized regulation, introjected regulation, and external regulation.  A questionnaire was distributed to student employees at seven ARL member libraries.  The questionnaire gathered demographic data and used the Motivation at Work Scale (MAWS) to measure their motivation.  The study found that students showed higher levels of intrinsic motivation and external regulation, and while students' majors do not have a notable effect on their motivation, the task they perform at work does impact their motivation.  The results of this study can be applied to design and implement more effective motivators and incentives for student employees in academic libraries.
Weighing Milky Way and Andromeda in an expanding $Λ$CDM Universe: Decreasing the Local Group mass
Creators: name: Benisty, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of the Local Group (LG), especially the contribution of the Milky Way (MW) and Andromeda (M31) galaxies, is sensitive to the presence of dark energy. This work analyzes the evolution of the LG by considering it as a two-body problem in a homogeneous and isotropic expanding spacetime in a full $Λ$ cold dark matter $(Λ$CDM) background. Using the timing argument (TA), which links LG dynamics to LG mass, we find that the complete $Λ$CDM background predicts a $\sim 10 \%$ lower mass for the LG; while $Λ$ alone predicts a $\sim 10 \%$ higher mass. The TA mass is modified by (i) simulations and (ii) the effect of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) to alleviate the poorly constrained internal mass distributions of M31 and the MW, their time evolution, and the unknown distribution of dark matter between them. First, using IllustrisTNG simulations, we accounted for the effects of two extended halos and their environment (rather than point particles) and predicted their mass $\left(3.89 \pm 0.62\right) \cdot 10^{12} M_{\odot}$. Second, the LMC effectively changes the separation and velocities of M31 toward the MW and reduces the predicted mass to $\left(2.33 \pm 0.72\right) \cdot 10^{12} M_\odot$. Despite the uncertainties around dark matter between these galaxies, the overall estimated mass is compatible with the mere sum of the MW and M31 masses. The total mass of the TA is compatible with other estimates, such as the Hubble flow and the Virial Theorem with other dwarf galaxies. The combined result shows, for the first time, that a lower mass estimate can be obtained from the TA, with a consistent embedding and other systematic effects, and without an additional dark matter halo around the galaxies.
description: accepted in A&A Letters
Additional file 5 of Analysis of lineage-specific protein family variability in prokaryotes combined with evolutionary reconstructions
Creators: name: Karamycheva, Svetlana
name: Wolf, Yuri I.
name: Persi, Erez
name: Koonin, Eugene V.
name: Makarova, Kira S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5: Fig. S4. Amino acid frequency PCA for conserved and variable positions for families from Table 2. High- (V > 2) and low-variable (V < 0.5) sites were extracted from the alignments of 34 csCOGs (Additional file 4: Fig. S3); relative frequencies of amino acids were computed for all 68 (34 × 2) subsets. Principal Component Analysis of amino acid frequencies was performed using the prcomp function of R package. The plot shows the location of the high- (red circles) and low-variable (cyan triangles) and the contributions of individual amino acids (blue arrows) in the plane of the first two principal components.
Accurate computation of Galerkin double surface integrals in the 3-D boundary element method
Creators: name: Adelman, Ross
name: Gumerov, Nail A.
name: Duraiswami, Ramani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Many boundary element integral equation kernels are based on the Green's functions of the Laplace and Helmholtz equations in three dimensions. These include, for example, the Laplace, Helmholtz, elasticity, Stokes, and Maxwell's equations. Integral equation formulations lead to more compact, but dense linear systems. These dense systems are often solved iteratively via Krylov subspace methods, which may be accelerated via the fast multipole method. There are advantages to Galerkin formulations for such integral equations, as they treat problems associated with kernel singularity, and lead to symmetric and better conditioned matrices. However, the Galerkin method requires each entry in the system matrix to be created via the computation of a double surface integral over one or more pairs of triangles. There are a number of semi-analytical methods to treat these integrals, which all have some issues, and are discussed in this paper. We present novel methods to compute all the integrals that arise in Galerkin formulations involving kernels based on the Laplace and Helmholtz Green's functions to any specified accuracy. Integrals involving completely geometrically separated triangles are non-singular and are computed using a technique based on spherical harmonics and multipole expansions and translations, which results in the integration of polynomial functions over the triangles. Integrals involving cases where the triangles have common vertices, edges, or are coincident are treated via scaling and symmetry arguments, combined with automatic recursive geometric decomposition of the integrals. Example results are presented, and the developed software is available as open source.
Boys Will Be Boys... Or Not? An Analysis of Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors of Male Teenagers in Young Adult Literature
Creators: name: Lynch, Jennifer
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009
Subjects: Young adult literature
Young adult literature--History & criticism
Content analysis

description: It is no secret that a large part of the current young adult population is sexually active in  some way. According to the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United  States, 47.9 percent of high school males reported having engaged in sexual intercourse  in a 2005 survey. Male teenagers are often seen as hormone-driven and sex-crazed, with  thoughts primarily consumed by how to have sex and from whom they can get it. In  young adult literature, novels with female protagonists often portray males in this way,  with the female characters trying to function around their advances. This focus of this  study was to determine whether male teenagers are portrayed in that way in novels where  they are the protagonists. Twelve current young adult novels were read, analyzed, and  discussed, with emphasis on the males' sexual attitudes and behaviors.
title: I get by with a little help from my friends: The ecological model and support for women scholars experiencing online harassment
Creators: name: Hodson, Jaigris
name: Gosse, Chandell
name: Veletsianos, George
name: Houlden, Shandell
Publisher: name: First Monday
Year: 2018
Subjects: Women scholars
Abuse
Attitudes

description: This is an open peer-reviewed article available at http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/fm.v23i8.9136.
description: This article contributes to understanding the phenomenon of online abuse and harassment toward women scholars. We draw on data collected from 14 interviews with women scholars from the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, and report on the types of supports they sought during and after their experience with online abuse and harassment. We found that women scholars rely on three levels of support: the first level includes personal and social support (such as encouragement from friends and family and outsourcing comment reading to others); the second includes organizational (such as university or institutional policy), technological (such as reporting tools on Twitter or Facebook), and sectoral (such as law enforcement) support; and, the third includes larger cultural and social attitudes and discourses (such as attitudes around gendered harassment and perceptions of the online/offline divide). While participants relied on social and personal support most frequently, they commonly reported relying on multiple supports across all three levels. We use an ecological model as our framework to demonstrate how different types of support are interconnected, and recommend that support for targets of online abuse must integrate aspects of all three levels.
Enhancing the vision-language foundation model with key semantic knowledge-emphasized report refinement
Creators: name: Huang, Weijian
name: Li, Cheng
name: Yang, Hao
name: Liu, Jiarun
name: Liang, Yong
name: Zheng, Hairong
name: Wang, Shanshan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, vision-language representation learning has made remarkable advancements in building up medical foundation models, holding immense potential for transforming the landscape of clinical research and medical care. The underlying hypothesis is that the rich knowledge embedded in radiology reports can effectively assist and guide the learning process, reducing the need for additional labels. However, these reports tend to be complex and sometimes even consist of redundant descriptions that make the representation learning too challenging to capture the key semantic information. This paper develops a novel iterative vision-language representation learning framework by proposing a key semantic knowledge-emphasized report refinement method. Particularly, raw radiology reports are refined to highlight the key information according to a constructed clinical dictionary and two model-optimized knowledge-enhancement metrics. The iterative framework is designed to progressively learn, starting from gaining a general understanding of the patient's condition based on raw reports and gradually refines and extracts critical information essential to the fine-grained analysis tasks. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is validated on various downstream medical image analysis tasks, including disease classification, region-of-interest segmentation, and phrase grounding. Our framework surpasses seven state-of-the-art methods in both fine-tuning and zero-shot settings, demonstrating its encouraging potential for different clinical applications.
title: Women scholars’ experiences with online harassment and abuse: Self-protection, resistance, acceptance, and self-blame
Creators: name: Veletsianos, George
name: Houlden, Shandell
name: Hodson, Jaigris
name: Gosse, Chandell
Publisher: name: New Media & Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: Women scholars
Harassment

description: This is a post-peer review version of the article. The publisher’s copy is available at https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818781324
description: Although scholars increasingly use online platforms for public, digital, and networked scholarship, the research examining their experiences of harassment and abuse online is scant. In this study, we interviewed 14 women scholars who experienced online harassment in order to understand how they coped with this phenomenon. We found that scholars engaged in reactive, anticipatory, preventive, and proactive coping strategies. In particular, scholars engaged in strategies aimed at self-protection and resistance, while often responding to harassment by acceptance and self-blame. These findings have important implications for practice and research, including practical recommendations for personal, institutional, and platform responses to harassment, as well as scholarly recommendations for future research into scholars’ experiences of harassment.
Archivists Blog: A Content Analysis and Discussion of Blogs Maintained By Archives
Creators: name: Merron, Jeffrey L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011
Subjects: Weblogs
Archives
Web 2.0--Evaluation
Use studies--Internet

description: Individual archivists and archives as institutions have used weblogs, or blogs, as  tools to communicate a wide variety of information since approximately 2002.  The blogs, which have generally been considered an informal means of  communication, have varying target audiences (often unstated) and also differ  greatly in subject matter, organization, frequency and length of posts, the  integration (or not) of user comments, and many other characteristics. This paper  discusses the development of blogs in general and blogs created by libraries and  archives in particular. It then presents a content analysis performed on a sample  of 20 blogs maintained by archives. Finally, it examines the results of the content  analysis in the context of the potential uses and benefits of blogs and suggests  further research on the topic.
Practices and Perceptions of Academic Library Instruction: A Survey of Composition & Rhetoric Instructors
Creators: name: Sandelli, Anna
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014
Subjects: Librarian-Teacher cooperation
Information literacy
Academic libraries--Use studies

description: Instructional services play a central and growing role in academic libraries' offerings. As these services continue to evolve, librarians are increasingly called upon to not only plan and deliver instruction, but also to assess their efforts. This study sought to evaluate library instruction through an electronic survey of English 105 and English 105i course instructors within the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's Writing Program. Survey questions were designed to examine both the attitudes and behaviors of respondents, with the goal of gaining an understanding of factors involved in instructors' decisions to include library-led instruction sessions in their courses, their expectations of this instruction, and their motivation for future use. Individual responses are highlighted, as are potential associations observed among length of teaching experience, course objectives, assignment development practices and perceptions of library instructors. Implementations for both practice and further research are also discussed.
Additional file 7 of Analysis of lineage-specific protein family variability in prokaryotes combined with evolutionary reconstructions
Creators: name: Karamycheva, Svetlana
name: Wolf, Yuri I.
name: Persi, Erez
name: Koonin, Eugene V.
name: Makarova, Kira S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Fig. S5. Linear Discriminant Analysis of gene essentiality in S. islandicus.
Body Image Depictions in Caldecott Award Winning Picture Books: A Content Analysis
Creators: name: Ashley, Stephen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013
Subjects: Caldecott Medal
Picture books--History & criticism
Picture books for children

description: This study seeks to examine the body sizes of the main characters in Caldecott award
winning picture books from 1938 until 2013. 93 characters were examined in order to see
whether or not the bodies depicted were as unrealistic as those presented in other popular
media. The results found that there were a disproportionate number of underweight
characters, though, when analyzed over time, that number is decreasing.
Hart-Teeter/NBC/WSJ Poll # 2004-6046: 2004 Presidential Election/Iraq/Economy
Creators: name: NBC News
name: Wall Street Journal
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2005

description: Intention to vote in 2004 presidential election (1); interest in this November's elections (1); direction of country (1); George W. Bush job performance (4); do/do not feel George W. Bush deserves to be re-elected (1); opinion of certain public figures and organizations (10); George W. Bush and Dick Cheney vs. John Kerry and John Edwards vs. Ralph Nader and Peter Camejo (1); certainty of voting for chosen candidates (1); chance of supporting candidates in November even if not supporting them now (2); President Bush has/has not provided clear set of goals for what he wants to accomplish over next four years (1); President Bush's policies regarding certain issues (11); George W. Bush qualities (5); confidence respondent would have in John Kerry as commander-in-chief (1); George W. Bush's selection of Dick Cheney as his vice-presidential running mate does/does not affect respondent's vote (1); Republican party (4); which major Democrat does respondent dislike the most (1); think U.S. is more safe/about as safe/less safe now than before 9/11 (1); U.S. government leaders should do what they think is best/consult with foreign leaders (1); removing Saddam Hussein from power was/was not worth U.S. military casualties and financial cost of war in Iraq (1); troop reduction in Iraq (1); economy (2); tax cuts (1); Social Security (1); how closely been watching and following Olympics (1); 2000 presidential election (1).
Deterministic Multistage Constellation Reconfiguration Using Integer Programming and Sequential Decision-Making Methods
Creators: name: Lee, Hang Woon
name: Rogers, David O. Williams
name: Pearl, Brycen D.
name: Chen, Hao
name: Ho, Koki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we address the problem of reconfiguring Earth observation satellite constellation systems through multiple stages. The Multi-stage Constellation Reconfiguration Problem (MCRP) aims to maximize the total observation rewards obtained by covering a set of targets of interest through the active manipulation of the orbits and relative phasing of constituent satellites. In this paper, we consider deterministic problem settings in which the targets of interest are known a priori. We propose a novel integer linear programming formulation for MCRP, capable of obtaining provably optimal solutions. To overcome computational intractability due to the combinatorial explosion in solving large-scale instances, we introduce two computationally efficient sequential decision-making methods based on the principles of a myopic policy and a rolling horizon procedure. The computational experiments demonstrate that the devised sequential decision-making approaches yield high-quality solutions with improved computational efficiency over the baseline MCRP. Finally, a case study using Hurricane Harvey data showcases the advantages of multi-stage constellation reconfiguration over single-stage and no-reconfiguration scenarios.
description: 39 pages, 13 figures, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (Published)
User Acceptance of Electronic Meeting Technology in the Semiconductor Research Corporation
Creators: name: Crescenzi, Anita
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005
Subjects: Diffusion of innovations
Research Consortia
Groupware (computer software)
Computer-mediated communication

description: This study assesses the satisfaction of current and potential Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) E-meeting users through survey research. Results from 48 survey responses generally confirm the relationships among potential determinants of information technology usage as specified in an augmented version of Davis' (1989) Technology Acceptance Model. By measuring the relationship between the satisfaction factors, intention to use and actual use, we can have a better understanding of the current and potential E-meeting users in the SRC member community. Finally, uncovering negative relationships between perceptions and intention to use E-meeting technology creates an opportunity for the SRC to ameliorate these concerns, including but not limited to changes to the E-meeting technology used, changes in E-meeting conditions, or opportunities to address misperceptions.
Bayesian global analysis of neutrino oscillation data
Creators: name: Bergstrom, Johannes
name: Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C.
name: Maltoni, Michele
name: Schwetz, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a Bayesian analysis of current neutrino oscillation data. When estimating the oscillation parameters we find that the results generally agree with those of the $χ^2$ method, with some differences involving $s_{23}^2$ and CP-violating effects. We discuss the additional subtleties caused by the circular nature of the CP-violating phase, and how it is possible to obtain correlation coefficients with $s_{23}^2$. When performing model comparison, we find that there is no significant evidence for any mass ordering, any octant of $s_{23}^2$ or a deviation from maximal mixing, nor the presence of CP-violation.
Access to Legal Information by Public Patrons in Varying Types of Law Libraries: A Case Study
Creators: name: Johnson, Sierra
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015
Subjects: Law libraries--Reference services
Law libraries
Access to information

description: This paper describes a case study conducted in three different varieties of law library in North Carolina. Public, private, and hybrid libraries were studied to determine if any meaningful difference existed between the types as to the level of legal materials and services available to members of the general public. Although much research has been conducted on why people file pro se, little research has been done on how they, and other public patrons, are able to access legal information once they determine that they need it. The results of this study indicate that two libraries showed no major observable difference, despite being different library types, while one library stood out as being much less helpful in allowing public patrons to access legal information. Results of this research may be of interest to public service attorneys, members of the public conducting research, law librarians, and anyone determining funding for law libraries.
Consistent Hydrodynamics for Phase Field Crystals
Creators: name: Heinonen, V.
name: Achim, C. V.
name: Kosterlitz, J. M.
name: Ying, See-Chen
name: Lowengrub, J.
name: Ala-Nissila, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the amplitude expansion in the phase field crystal framework to formulate an approach where the fields describing the microscopic structure of the material are coupled to a hydrodynamic velocity field. The model is shown to reduce to the well known macroscopic theories in appropriate limits, including compressible Navier-Stokes and wave equations. Moreover, we show that the dynamics proposed allows for long wavelength phonon modes and demonstrate the theory numerically showing that the elastic excitations in the system are relaxed through phonon emission.
Hart-McInturff/NBC/WSJ Poll # 2004-6049: Presidential & Congressional Elections/Iraq/Osama bin Laden
Creators: name: NBC News
name: Wall Street Journal
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2006

description: Vote in upcoming election (1); direction of the country (1); effect certain candidate will have on respondent (1); George W. Bush job performance (2); political party in Congress (1); George W. Bush v. John Kerry (1); George W. Bush v. John Kerry v. Ralph Nader (1); George W. Bush and Dick Cheney (4); John Kerry and John Edwards (4); agreement that every candidate will make a good president (1); George W. Bush's campaign (1); John Kerry's campaign (2); important campaign issues (2); confidence in candidates (4); war in Iraq (5); pre-election ballot casting (1); popular vs. electoral vote (1).