cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cigar use prevalence: social and media determinants
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: The proposed study is designed to provide a picture showing which Southern Californians in San Diego County tend to smoke cigars, as well as the social status, beliefs, and actions commonly connected to cigar use. In addition to learning what percentage of the population uses cigars, the study will identify personal characteristics and attitudes often associated with cigar smokers by the media and by people in general. Finally, the research will determine the amount of passive smoke that persons are exposed to at social events held for cigar smokers.

 A decline in cigar consumption, noted between 1965 and 1991, has reversed in more recent years. Popular writers report that cigar smoking is now increasingly valued as a sign of affluence and social distinction, especially among highly educated young adults. A growing number of media images, social events, magazines, internet sites, and clubs focus specifically on cigars. Contrary to the common belief that cigar smoke is relatively risk-free because it is not generally inhaled, medical research has found evidence linking it with increased risk for illness including various types of cancer. Since cigar users inhale their own passive smoke, assumptions that health risks are essentially eliminated by not inhaling are probably not accurate.

 Little current research has formally examined who is most inclined to smoke cigars. In addition, there is little scientific information on the public perceptions, images, and beliefs connected with cigar use. We thus propose a study investigating how popular cigar use has become, and if there are differences in this popularity between men and women from various ethnic, age, and socio-economic groups. The research will also examine how frequently cigarette smokers tend to switch to cigars and the degree to which factors such as having relatives and friends who smoke cigars, positive and negative portrayals of cigar smoking in the media, assumptions about cigar smokers typical characteristics and social status, and beliefs that smoking is unhealthy, influence cigar use. In addition, the proposed study will directly assess the type of media images associates cigar smoking, including how frequently such images are linked to specific gender, ethnic, and socio-economic groups. Finally, the amount of passive smoke which tends to exist in social situations focusing on cigars will be determined.
Aethaloptera sexpunctata
Creators: name: Mey, Wolfram
name: Malicky, Hans
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Aethaloptera
Aethaloptera sexpunctata

description: Aethaloptera sexpunctata (Kolenati 1859)
Material: 6 ♂, Bagan, Irrawaddy River, LF, 14.x.2002, leg. W. Mey (pinned); 7 ♂, Pakohlm, Irrawaddy ferry, LF, 6.ii.2005, leg. S. Naumann (pinned).
Remarks. The males of the series from October are small individuals with a wing length of about 7 mm, whereas the males from February are much larger with about 12 mm wing length. Forewing pattern and male genitalia are identical.
description: Published as part of Mey, Wolfram & Malicky, Hans, 2021, Caddisflies from Myanmar: New records and descriptions of new species (Insecta, Trichoptera), pp. 533-565 in Zootaxa 5060 (4) on page 556, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5637984
Noninvasive imaging of early atherosclerosis
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Atherosclerosis is a condition which results in narrowing or obstruction of arteries and results in strokes, heart attacks and death. Approximately one out every two deaths in the United States is caused by this disease. While there are many causes leading to atherosclerosis, high levels of LDL cholesterol and smoking are two of the major factors. High levels of LDL, the so-called “bad cholesterol", enter the artery which leads to atherosclerosis. We now know that when the LDL particles are oxidized, a process in which oxygen is attached to the lipid (fat) parts of the LDL, that the LDL particle becomes even more damaging. Oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) injures the artery wall and is rapidly taken up by cells in the artery leading to even more cholesterol deposition. Tobacco smoke is known to contain a large number of compounds which are pro-oxidants, and it is believed that these further enhance the oxidation of LDL and in this way may promote atherosclerosis.

 Unfortunately, there is no easy and safe method to diagnose atherosclerosis at its early stages. Investigators at UCSD have previously developed monoclonal antibodies that will bind to Ox-LDL. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to help fight disease by recognizing foreign invaders. These investigators have shown that these antibodies bind to aortic tissue. Over the past two years I have developed considerable evidence that these antibodies can be injected into the blood vessels and that they will be taken up specifically by atherosclerotic lesions, but not by normal aorta. If a radioisotope is attached to the antibody, and the antibody is injected intravenously, then it may be possible to detect those portions of the aorta that contain the antibody by external imaging with a nuclear image detector available in every hospital. Alternatively a label detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) might allow detection by MRI analysis, which would not involve the use of radioactivity.

 My proposal seeks to develop the optimal ways to accomplish these goals, first by studies in animal models of atherosclerosis and then by translating this research into studies in humans. If this technique can be successfully developed it would allow physicians to image atherosclerosis even at a very early stage and thus allow us to identify individuals who would be at high risk for developing the complications of atherosclerosis and in whom the most vigorous prevention measures should be undertaken. Thus this technique could potentially be an outstanding tool for the physician in determining the extent of atherosclerosis any clinical events occurred and allow the appropriate therapy to be initiated before a heart attack or stroke occurred.
Pseudoleptonema quinquefasciatum
Creators: name: Mey, Wolfram
name: Malicky, Hans
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Pseudoleptonema
Pseudoleptonema quinquefasciatum

description: Pseudoleptonema quinquefasciatum (Martynov 1935)
Material: 2 ♂, east of Putao, 6–16.v.1998, leg. S. Murzin & V. Siniaev (pinned); 5 ♂, 40 km north of Mytkyina, 23–24.iv.1998; 4 ♂ 8 ♀, Bagan, Irrawaddy River, LF, 14.x.2002, leg. W. Mey (pinned).
description: Published as part of Mey, Wolfram & Malicky, Hans, 2021, Caddisflies from Myanmar: New records and descriptions of new species (Insecta, Trichoptera), pp. 533-565 in Zootaxa 5060 (4) on page 556, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5637984
Alterations in gene expression after tobacco smoke exposure
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: This research project targets the effects of both first and secondhand tobacco smoke in airways of young, otherwise healthy adults (18-24 years old). As a human subjects study, it avoids many of the artifacts inherent in animal and cell culture models designed to study human processes. By its nature, the information obtained will improve our understanding of the effects of tobacco smoke on humans.

 Currently there remains an insufficient understanding of the early or subtle changes in the airways of young, asymptomatic, tobacco smoke-exposed adults. The discovery of genes that are up- or down-regulated due to tobacco smoke exposure, and changes in gene expression occurring after withdrawal of tobacco smoke, would profoundly increase our understanding of the pulmonary effects of first and secondhand smoke. This discovery would give focus to any further study of molecular changes in airways of tobacco smoke-exposed individuals. Without a better understanding of these mechanisms, further prevention and treatment interventions will be hindered. New molecular markers of protective gene regulation or tobacco smoke-induced injury, disease or cancer may be discovered. This discovery might well enable us to diagnose, treat or even prevent otherwise irreversible and untreatable tobacco-related diseases.
Macrostemum fastosum
Creators: name: Mey, Wolfram
name: Malicky, Hans
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Macrostemum
Macrostemum fastosum

description: Macrostemum fastosum (Walker 1852)
Material: 2 ♂ 4 ♀, east of Putao, 1–5.v.1998, leg. S. Murzin & V. Siniaev (pinned); 6 ♂ 3 ♀, east of Putao, Nan San Bon vill., 6–9.v.1998, leg. S. Murzin & V. Siniaev.
description: Published as part of Mey, Wolfram & Malicky, Hans, 2021, Caddisflies from Myanmar: New records and descriptions of new species (Insecta, Trichoptera), pp. 533-565 in Zootaxa 5060 (4) on page 556, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5637984
Bioactive lipids in tobacco related lung cancers
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: A major cause of morbidity and mortality related to tobacco smoking is lung cancer. Understanding how the growth and metastatic invasion of cancer cells is controlled will allow the rationale development of therapies for this important tobacco related disease. One form of lung cancer, the small cell lung cancers (SCLCs), can be stimulated to grow more aggressively by natural chemicals that are present within the blood. One such factor is a kind of fat molecule referred to as a phospholipid. A particularly important phospholipid is lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which has many of the same properties as growth factors. For example, LPA causes some cells to proliferate, and produces changes in cell shape that are mediated by structural proteins present within cells. LPA also stimulates specific types of molecules within a cell that lead to the expression of previously inactive genes.

 In SCLC models, LPA promotes cell invasion and proliferation. The mechanisms through which LPA operates in these lung cancers, however, have been difficult to address because of debate about whether the primary action of LPA was through a receptor or rather was due to nonreceptor, cell membrane dissruptions; no cloned receptor for LPA has been available to answer the question.

 Our laboratory has recently published the first cloned receptor for LPA. In the current project, we will examine the role of the LPA receptor in lung cancers particularly SCLCs using molecular genetic and pharmacological approaches. We will test the hypothesis that LPA, through receptor mediated mechanisms, controls the proliferation and invasiveness of SCLCs, and influences the proliferative response of other forms of lung cancers as well. The hypothesis will be tested by 3 specific aims. Aim 1 will determine the amount of the LPA receptor in lung cancers by screening a range of different lung cancers. Aim 2 will determine the effects of different amounts of LPA receptors. Aim 3 will examine the signal transduction pathways utilized by the responsive cancer cells respond to LPA. From these analyses, the role of receptormediated action of LPA on lung cancer behaviors will be determined. Evidence for LPA actions on the biology of these cancers will suggest new strategies in treating this tobacco-related disease.
Functional MRI of neural activation
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Cigarette smoking is estimated to cause 85% of the nearly 60,000 deaths attributable to chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). Many of these deaths are preceded by prolonged respiratory disability. The effects of nicotine addiction on the subjective, behavioral, and heart functions are well documented. It is important therefore to determine the extent to which prolonged exposure to tobacco affects the functional state of those parts of the brain that are the primary control centers for our body's breathing and cognitive functions. It is also important to gain some understanding of the brain regions that are possibly affected by nicotine addiction or even responsible for deciding whether an individual gets addicted to nicotine or not.

 This project aims to develop a novel approach to the detection and diagnosis of the biological health consequences of using tobacco. We aim to use the recently developed non-invasive technique of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to detect changes in the important areas of the brain that may be involved and affected by smoking, thereby examining the problem simultaneously from the clinical, biological and neuroscientific perspective. Specifically, we seek to examine and compare these brain regions in patients with COPD, with those of healthy subjects, The insights expected as an outcome of this study might very well explain why one person gets addicted to smoking and another does not, why one is able to go "cold turkey" and another is not.

 In our study design, we have made a significant attempt to address the influence of tobacco products on disease progression and a novel method of disease detection. In this effort, we will be utilizing our extensive experience in functional MRI when breathing is made difficult for the subject. Inparticular, we will investigate the use of this nova non-invasive, non-ionizing modality to detect, localize and quantify the activation of brain control centers and their difference between smokers and non-smokers.

 Numerous studies in animals have shown convincingly that exposure to nicotine, particularly during early development, produces profound effects on the brain. However, it has been very difficult to translate the results of these studies to humans because the brain, for obvious reasons, is not easily accessible for study in humans while they are alive. Recent developments in imaging technology might lessen this limitation. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ('H MRS) is a technology which is similar to a regular MRI procedure except that more details about tissue chemistry can be obtained. The proposed study in animals will determine if, indeed, we can assess the detrimental effects of nicotine exposure on the brain with this technology. Results of the study will the groundwork for implementing subsequent studies in humans of a comparable nature.
Macrostemum fenestratum
Creators: name: Mey, Wolfram
name: Malicky, Hans
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Macrostemum
Macrostemum fenestratum

description: Macrostemum fenestratum (Albarda 1881)
Material: 2 ♂ 1 ♀, east of Putao, Nan San Bon vill., 6–9.v.1998, leg. S. Murzin & V. Siniaev; 2 ♂ 2 ♀, east of Putao, 6–16.v.1998, leg. S. Murzin & V. Siniaev (pinned); 1 ♀, Putao, 50 km north-east, Wa Sa Dam vill., 17.v.1998, leg. S. Murzin & V. Siniaev
description: Published as part of Mey, Wolfram & Malicky, Hans, 2021, Caddisflies from Myanmar: New records and descriptions of new species (Insecta, Trichoptera), pp. 533-565 in Zootaxa 5060 (4) on page 556, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5637984
How do tobacco smoke compounds impair lung surfactant?
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: The surface of human lungs where gas exchange occurs are lined by a unique mixture of soap-like molecules mixed with specific proteins. This mixture, called lung surfactant, forms a single molecular layer film that reduces the effort required to breathe by more than 90% (compared to the energy required without the layer). In other words, without functional lung surfactant, normal breathing is impossible. The surfactant layer is also one of the first lines of defense against lung injury and disease. Even though this surfactant layer is directly exposed during smoking, the effect of smoking on the essential chemical and mechanical properties of the lung surfactant layer are unknown.

 In this project, we will use a simple model of the lung surface to see the effects of the most reactive components of tobacco smoke - called oxidizers. Using an artificial surfactant model system, we can see this single molecular layer using an optical microscope by adding a small amount of a fluorescent dye. Our previous studies have identified the normal chemical and mechanical properties of natural surfactant layers. We now will add oxidizing compounds to the surfactant layer to directly observe the effects of these components of tobacco smoke on the properties of surfactant necessary for lung function. We also plan to examine the effects of therapeutic anti-oxidant compounds on reversing the effects we find. We hope to be able to determine the chemical changes in surfactant that result in lung impairment and develop novel therapies to reverse these effects, as well as provide clinical markers for early lung damage due to smoking.
Cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Atherosclerosis-the thickening of the arterial wall-and its consequences such as coronary heart disease and stroke, are the leading cause of death in western societies. Epidemiological studies have identified high serum cholesterol levels and exposure to cigarette smoke as major risk factors of atherosclerosis. Although the exact mechanisms remain unclear, there is evidence that cigarette smoke damages low density lipoproteins, the carrier of cholesterol in the blood, and increases the adhesion of white blood cells to the endothelium, the innermost layer of blood vessels. This initial adhesion is followed by the penetration of the adhering blood cells into deeper layers of the vessel wall. Among the cells that accumulate there, the monocytes are particularly important, because they take up the damaged lipoproteins. During this process they are transformed into cholesterol-loaded macrophages. This contributes substantially to the thickening of the arterial wall, obstructing blood flow.

 We propose to examine the pathways by which macrophages recognize, take up and metabolize damaged low density lipoproteins. We have previously demonstrated that an enzyme, acylcoenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase, which modifies cholesterol in such a way that it can be stored by the cells, might also be important for the initial recognition of damaged lipoproteins by macrophages. Further, we also found that this enzyme is mainly expressed at sites of the arterial wall that also show clear signs of atherosclerosis, suggesting that this enzyme is involved in this process. To test this, we will examine whether acylcoenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase is on the surface of macrophages, taking advantage of an antibody we have developed, that specifically binds to this protein. By suitable genetic manipulation we will then induce the synthesis of acylcoenzyme A:chole-sterol acyltransferase in cells that do not normally make it and subsequently test if these cells can more effectively bind damaged lipoproteins. Finally, we will determine the type of cells of the arterial wall that synthesize acylcoenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase. This will be done by immunological techniques on aortas isolated from mice made susceptible to atherosclerosis by genetic engineering.

 Exposure to cigarette smoke accelerates the atherogenic process, substantially increasing the risk of premature coronary heart disease. A precise understanding of the underlying mechanisms is essential to develop novel and effective therapeutic strategies for intervention and prevention smoke-related cardiovascular disorders.
Macrostemum floridum
Creators: name: Mey, Wolfram
name: Malicky, Hans
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Macrostemum
Macrostemum floridum

description: Macrostemum floridum (Navás 1929)
Material: 3 ♀, Magway, 20 km west of Pauk, LF, 500 m, 30.i.2005, leg. S. Naumann (2 ♀ pinned)
description: Published as part of Mey, Wolfram & Malicky, Hans, 2021, Caddisflies from Myanmar: New records and descriptions of new species (Insecta, Trichoptera), pp. 533-565 in Zootaxa 5060 (4) on page 556, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5637984
A novel lung tumor suppressor
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Lung tumors are especially prevalent among smokers, but fortunately, they are potentially very amenable to gene therapy. This gene therapy might be greatly aided by a virus-derived gene known as E1a. We have discovered that E1a is a powerful and broad-range tumor suppressor gene for lung cancer. We will investigate the mechanism of how E1a converts lung cancer cells into normal cells. In future projects, this mechanism will be used to imitate the action of E1 a with biochemicals. This will hopefully generate a new generation of anticancer drugs that work by a novel principle.

 E1a has several advantages over most other tumor reducing genes. E1a works regardless (apparently) of which cancer genes caused the tumor; E1a does not kill the tumor cells, but converts them into normal epithelial cells. The converted cells may be exploited to inhibit the growth of neighboring tumor cells. E1a sensitizes tumor cells to programmed cell death apoptosis. This prevents malignancy, both by decreasing the intrinsic malignancy of the tumor cells and by sensitizing them to being killed by chemotherapeutic drugs. E1a's remarkable effects are due to its interactions with a small, well-defined set of target proteins, making it easy to study.

 Part of our plan is to identify the cellular target proteins involved in the tumor suppression effect. Knowing the target protein(s), it will be possible to develop (in future projects) other and perhaps more powerful anticancer reagents that work by mimicking E1a. The rest of the plan is to define the specific properties of E1a that may make it useful for an immediate gene therapy approach to lung cancer. These include its ability to induce tumor regression in animals, to generate "bystander" effects on tumor cell eradication, and to sensitize tumors to killing by anticancer drugs.
Macrostemum nastros Malicky & Mey 2020
Creators: name: Mey, Wolfram
name: Malicky, Hans
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Macrostemum
Macrostemum nastros

description: Macrostemum nastros Malicky & Mey, 2020
(Fig. 21)
Material: 1 ♀, Putao, 50 km north-east, Wa Sa Dam vill., 17.v.1998, leg. S. Murzin & V. Siniaev, (pinned).
Remarks. The individual was not included in the type series.
description: Published as part of Mey, Wolfram & Malicky, Hans, 2021, Caddisflies from Myanmar: New records and descriptions of new species (Insecta, Trichoptera), pp. 533-565 in Zootaxa 5060 (4) on page 556, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5637984
Effects of perinatal nicotine on the Brain
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Numerous studies in animals have shown convincingly that exposure to nicotine, particularly during early development, produces profound effects on the brain. However, it has been very difficult to translate the results of these studies to humans because the brain, for obvious reasons, is not easily accessible for study in humans while they are alive. Recent developments in imaging technology might lessen this limitation. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a technology which is similar to a regular MRI procedure except that more details about tissue chemistry can be obtained. The proposed study in animals will determine if, indeed, we can assess the detrimental effects of nicotine exposure on the brain with this technology. Results of the study will provide the groundwork for implementing subsequent studies of a comparable nature in humans.
Macrostemum punctatum
Creators: name: Mey, Wolfram
name: Malicky, Hans
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Macrostemum
Macrostemum punctatum

description: Macrostemum punctatum (Betten 1909)
Material: 1 ♂, east of Putao, Nan San Bon vill., 6–9.v.1998, leg. S. Murzin & V. Siniaev; 1 ♂, east of Putao, 6–16.v.1998, leg. S. Murzin & V. Siniaev, (pinned).
description: Published as part of Mey, Wolfram & Malicky, Hans, 2021, Caddisflies from Myanmar: New records and descriptions of new species (Insecta, Trichoptera), pp. 533-565 in Zootaxa 5060 (4) on page 556, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5637984
Macrostemum trifasciatum
Creators: name: Mey, Wolfram
name: Malicky, Hans
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Macrostemum
Macrostemum trifasciatum

description: Macrostemum trifasciatum (Banks 1934)
Material: 1 ♀, Putao, 50 km north-east, Wa Sa Dam vill., 17.5.1998, leg. S. Murzin & V. Siniaev
description: Published as part of Mey, Wolfram & Malicky, Hans, 2021, Caddisflies from Myanmar: New records and descriptions of new species (Insecta, Trichoptera), pp. 533-565 in Zootaxa 5060 (4) on page 556, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5637984
A novel therapeutic target for stroke
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Stroke kills 150,000 Americans each year and is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Cigarette smoking is firmly established as a risk factor for stroke. In stroke, severe, irreversible brain tissue destruction occurs which results from extensive neuronal cell death. There are two types of cell death, necrosis and apoptosis. Apoptosis is an inducible process of gene-directed cellular self-destruction. Accumulated evidence shows that apoptosis plays an important part in neuronal cell death found in stroke. It is becoming increasingly clear that many cells display surface molecules known as receptors, some of which act to trigger apoptosis. Such apoptosis-inducing receptors play important roles in many disease processes, including possibly stroke. Therefore, determin-ing the mechanism(s) by which such receptors induce apoptosis, and identifying novel apoptosis-inducing receptors, is likely to lead to more effective treatments for stroke.

 This laboratory recently produced a mono-clonal antibody which is able to induce apoptosis in cortical neurons (this is the first such antibody). This antibody was used to isolate a member of a novel class of apoptosis-inducing cell surface molecules (made of sugar and fat--called a "glycolipid”), demonstrated that this is the first "portable" cell death receptor by demon-strating cell to cell migration and subsequent killing of cells via activity of the transferred receptor.

 The current proposal is to (1) utilize the same approach that was successful in identifying this molecule to identify additional surface molecules that initiate apoptosis in other brain regions; (2) study the mechanism of apoptosis induction in cortical neuron as transduced by the target molecule; (3) further define the “portable” nature of the death signal. The long-term objective of this proposal is to identify cell surface molecules that control apoptosis in central brain cells, and to understand the mechanism(s) by which specific surface molecules induce apoptosis in central neurons. Given recent demonstrations of apopt-osis in ischemia, it is hoped that this work will lead to improved treatments for stroke.
Diplectrona furia Malicky 2002
Creators: name: Mey, Wolfram
name: Malicky, Hans
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Diplectrona
Diplectrona furia

description: Diplectrona furia Malicky 2002
Material: 1 ♂, Kachin, Chibwe, 23.v.2006, leg. S. Naumann
description: Published as part of Mey, Wolfram & Malicky, Hans, 2021, Caddisflies from Myanmar: New records and descriptions of new species (Insecta, Trichoptera), pp. 533-565 in Zootaxa 5060 (4) on page 556, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5637984
Potamyia flavata
Creators: name: Mey, Wolfram
name: Malicky, Hans
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Potamyia
Potamyia flavata

description: Potamyia flavata (Banks 1934)
Material: 7 ♂, Magway, 20 km west of Pauk, LF, 500 m, 30.i.2005, leg. S. Naumann (2 ♂, pinned).
description: Published as part of Mey, Wolfram & Malicky, Hans, 2021, Caddisflies from Myanmar: New records and descriptions of new species (Insecta, Trichoptera), pp. 533-565 in Zootaxa 5060 (4) on page 556, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5637984
Potamyia fulvescens
Creators: name: Mey, Wolfram
name: Malicky, Hans
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Potamyia
Potamyia fulvescens

description: Potamyia fulvescens (Navás 1932)
Material: 1 ♂, east of Putao, 6–16.v.1998, leg. S. Murzin & V. Siniaev, (pinned).
Remarks. The male individual is without setose warts on the anterior base of segment X.
description: Published as part of Mey, Wolfram & Malicky, Hans, 2021, Caddisflies from Myanmar: New records and descriptions of new species (Insecta, Trichoptera), pp. 533-565 in Zootaxa 5060 (4) on page 556, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5637984
Does nicotine alter intercellular communication pathways?
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: It has become clear that cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing cancer, cardiovascular disease, and allergic-like symptoms. One hypothesis suggests that cigarette smoke increases the permeability of the lung lining, which in turn leads to a possible increase in sensitization to allergens. Several studies have shown an altered immunological response in smokers. In addition, many reports have focused on parental smoking and the development of allergic-like symptoms in their children. These effects of smoking may directly or indirectly result from nicotine, the most important pharmacologically-active substance in tobacco smoke. Therefore, we propose to investigate the regulation of interleukin-2, one of the intercellular signaling proteins which play an important role in allergic reactions, by nicotine. The proposed projects attempts to provide us with information about how smoking can cause allergic-like symptoms in individuals and in children of individuals who smoke tobacco. The present project may also help to explain a general mechanism resulting in inhibitory effects of cigarette smoke on the growth of lung inflammatory cells (specifically T lymphocytes) and may provide us with new targets for screening for novel drugs, which would prove useful for reducing allergic-like symptoms associated with smokers.
Role of intracellular signals in tobacco-related disease
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Tobacco smoke contains a cancer causing agent, arsenic. A person is exposed to the toxic arsenic when smoking or inhaling secondhand smoke. One would have a much higher chance of getting lung cancer or other tobacco-related diseases than someone not exposed to arsenic.

 To understand how arsenic damages cells, I will isolate and study one of the critical cellular proteins that stop to function after exposure to arsenic. This protein, called an arsenic sensitive phosphatase, is important in intracellular communication. When it loses its normal function, cells are not able to control their intracellular traffic effectively. Accidents occur and damages build up over time. Once sufficient damage is done, the cells would become cancerous. Therefore, this protein can suppress cancer development when it works normally and may be called a tumor suppressor. This study is designed to gain knowledge about this protein that is affected by arsenic. The knowledge would be important in designing new drugs that could restore its function. More importantly, the knowledge would allow us to modify our life style to prevent cancer. For example, a diet containing a lot of green vegetables, such as broccoli, may offer protection against carcinogens such as arsenic. Therefore, this study is directly relevant to the goal of reducing the human and economic cost of tobacco-related disease.
Conostigmus lucidus Kieffer 1907
Creators: name: Trietsch, Carolyn
name: Mikó, István
name: Ezray, Briana
name: Deans, Andrew R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megaspilidae
Conostigmus
Conostigmus lucidus

description: Conostigmus lucidus Mikό and Trietsch 2016
While reviewing the literature for this study, we came across a mistake we would like to correct here. Mikό et. al (2016) included the description of a new Malagasy species named Conostigmus lucidus Mikό and Trietsch, 2016. This species name was derived from the Latin lucidus, meaning “shining”, referring to the shining appearance of the cuticle. However, this species name is a junior homonym, as the name is already preoccupied by Conostigmus lucidus Kieffer, 1907. These are two different distinct and valid species. To remedy this situation, we offer the replacement name Conostigmus fulgidus Mikό and Trietsch as a nomen novum for Conostigmus lucidus Mikό and Trietsch, 2016. This name is derived from the Latin fulgidus, which has a similar meaning to the word lucidus and also references the shining appearance of the cuticle.
description: Published as part of Trietsch, Carolyn, Mikó, István, Ezray, Briana & Deans, Andrew R., 2020, A Taxonomic Revision of Nearctic Conostigmus (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea: Megaspilidae), pp. 1-155 in Zootaxa 4792 (1) on page 146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4792.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3895976
Potamyia pallidipennis
Creators: name: Mey, Wolfram
name: Malicky, Hans
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Potamyia
Potamyia pallidipennis

description: Potamyia pallidipennis (Martynov 1935)
Material: 1 ♂, east of Putao, Nan San Bon vill., 6–9.v.1998, leg. S. Murzin & V. Siniaev
description: Published as part of Mey, Wolfram & Malicky, Hans, 2021, Caddisflies from Myanmar: New records and descriptions of new species (Insecta, Trichoptera), pp. 533-565 in Zootaxa 5060 (4) on page 556, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5637984
Current legal issues in tobacco
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: As the public health community tries to reduce the consequences smoking has on society it has tried a number of different approaches, including education, public relations, promoting smoking cessation programs, passing laws restricting tobacco products, and suing the tobacco companies. These last two strategies represent traditional legal approaches to solving problems. It is not clear, however, how effective they are at controlling tobacco. The research to be conducted under this proposal will clarify how suing the tobacco companies and regulating them does or does not work to achieve the public health goals.

 In recent years, litigation has been a more often used tactic against the tobacco companies. There have been an explosion of lawsuits against the tobacco industry which have been filed by sick smokers, nicotine addicted smokers and states and cities (such as San Francisco) . These lawsuits, as opposed to ones filed in the past, show a greater likelihood of success and are creating enormous pressure on the tobacco industry.

 As a result of this pressure, many people are looking for ways to strike a deal which would eliminate liability for the tobacco industry in return for contributions to the public health. There is a great concern by many in the public health community, however, that giving the tobacco companies freedom from liability will be too generous when compared with what is received. The research conducted under this proposal will look at the various settlement proposals and assess their benefits end 'costs to the public's health. It will also explore the possibility of finding a settlement that is good for the public health and outline its terms. In the event a settlement is reached with the tobacco companies, this research will analyze it for its meaning for the public health. This research wilt ultimately help and evaluate the importance of litigation in the fight against tobacco.

 There has also been a movement to more heavily regulate the tobacco industry. In 1992 the federal government passed a law which required states to enforce their prohibitions against minors buying cigarettes. Many people in the tobacco control community were disappointed with different aspects of the law, believing that the regulations were too weak, that the tobacco industry too heavily influenced the process and that the law had too many unintended effects, such as indirectly preventing local governments from regulating tobacco. As a result, some question whether the Synar Amendment was in the best interest of the public health. The research conducted under this proposal will examine the Synar Amendment to see what went right and what went wrong. From this research, future policy makers will better understand what works in legislation and how to create better legislation to control tobacco in the future.
Analysis of a nicotine-related receptor binding site
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Neurotransmitters are the primary chemical messengers that carry signals between nerve cells. Serotonin is one of the predominant neurotransmitters in the mammalian brain. Serotonin exerts its effects through interaction with a large number of functionally diverse receptor molecules. When serotonin binds to the receptor, the channel opens to allow sodium and potassium to flow into the nerve cell and initiate a neuronal response.

 The study of this receptor is particularly relevant to the treatment of nicotine dependence because drugs that counter serotonin receptor activity have been demonstrated to reduce the rewarding effects of nicotine and to alleviate withdrawal symptoms. Also, this serotonin receptor is most closely related to the nicotinic receptor and provides a unique model system for the analysis of the structure and function of this group receptors.

 The proposed research will investigate the structure of the site(s) to which serotonin and drugs bind to the type 3 serotonin receptor, with the aim of defining the interactions of the receptor with drugs at the molecular level. This investigation will provide the first high resolution picture of this important family of neurotransmitter receptors and will ultimately facilitate the rational design of selective drugs that modulate the serotonin receptor and other members of this family.
Conostigmus Dahlbom 1858
Creators: name: Trietsch, Carolyn
name: Mikó, István
name: Ezray, Briana
name: Deans, Andrew R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megaspilidae
Conostigmus

description: Distinguishing Female Conostigmus and Dendrocerus, and matching males and females (Table 3)
As discussed above, it can be difficult to distinguish Dendrocerus males from Conostigmus males; in the case of females, it can be nearly impossible. Females of both genera have similar antennal, genitalia and ovipositor characters. Females of both genera also have more similar ocellar triangle shapes and POL vs. OOL ratios than males. Characters that do occur across both male and female specimens include the presence of the sternaulus (never present in Dendrocerus, absent or present in Conostigmus), notauli posterior end (always adjacent to transscutal articulation in Conostigmus, but not adjacent in some Dendrocerus) and wing presence (wings always present and macropterous in Dendrocerus). However, the numerous exceptions that exist prevent these characters from being applied to all species. Other characters such as facial pit presence, as well as more subjective characters such as metapleural sulcus shape, head shape and general habitus, can be useful but are more variable and should not be used independently to make generic identifications.
It is difficult to distinguish females of Conostigmus and Dendrocerus, let alone females of different Conostigmus species. Even males cannot always be differentiated by somatic characters alone, as demonstrated by the morphometric analysis with the shape PCAs. This revision relies mainly on male genitalia characters, as this can be the only way to distinguish Conostigmus species in some cases (Dessart, 1997a, 1997b; Mikó et al., 2013, 2016).
Some species do have unique combinations of somatic characters that can be used to match males and females, including C. muesebecki, C. dimidiatus, C. erythrothorax, C. nigrorufus, C. bipunctatus, C. triangularis, and C. lepus. We were also able to confirm the female of C. pulchellus based on a male specimen that exhibited the same coloration found in the female specimens, but we avoid redescribing females of C. abdominalis from the Nearctic, as this species can only be distinguished from C. rosemaryae using male genitalia characters. Several Nearctic Conostigmus species were described from single female type specimens, but because females cannot be identified to species in most cases, we consider these as species inquirenda. Advances in molecular taxonomy and future work rearing live Conostigmus males and females will shed more light on this subject, and we eagerly anticipate what will be found.
description: Published as part of Trietsch, Carolyn, Mikó, István, Ezray, Briana & Deans, Andrew R., 2020, A Taxonomic Revision of Nearctic Conostigmus (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea: Megaspilidae), pp. 1-155 in Zootaxa 4792 (1) on page 148, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4792.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3895976
Potamyia phaidra Malicky & Chantaromongkol 1997
Creators: name: Mey, Wolfram
name: Malicky, Hans
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Potamyia
Potamyia phaidra

description: Potamyia phaidra Malicky & Chantaromongkol 1997 (in Malicky 1997b)
Material: 1 ♂, Magway, 20 km west of Pauk, 500 m, 30.i.2005, leg. S. Naumann
description: Published as part of Mey, Wolfram & Malicky, Hans, 2021, Caddisflies from Myanmar: New records and descriptions of new species (Insecta, Trichoptera), pp. 533-565 in Zootaxa 5060 (4) on page 557, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5637984
Results of two cross-sectional database analyses regarding nap-induced modulations of tinnitus
Creators: name: Guillard, Robin
name: Schecklmann, Martin
name: Simoes, Jorge
name: Langguth, Berthold
name: Londero, Alain
name: Congedo, Marco
name: Michiels, Sarah
name: Vesala, Markku
name: Goedhart, Hazel
name: Wetter, Thomas
name: Weber, Franziska C.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Tinnitus, Tinnitus disorder, Distress, Nap, Sleep, Somatosensory modulations
subject: 610 Medizin

description: The influence of naps on tinnitus was systematically assessed by exploring the frequency, clinical and demographic characteristics of this phenomenon. 9,724 data from two different tinnitus databases (Tinnitus Hub: n = 6115; Tinnitus Research Initiative (TRI): n = 3627) were included. After separate analysis of the databases, these results were then compared with each other. In the Tinnitus Hub survey database, a total of 31.1% reported an influence on tinnitus by taking a nap (26.9% in the TRI database), with much more frequent worsening after a nap than improvement (23.0% a little or a lot worse; TRI: 17.7% worse; 8.1% a little or a lot better; TRI: 9.2% better). The influence of napping on tinnitus was associated in both databases with other clinical features, such as the dependence of tinnitus on night quality, stress and somatosensory maneuvers. The present study confirms the clinical observation that more tinnitus sufferers report worsening after a nap than tinnitus sufferers reporting an improvement. It was consistently shown that tinnitus sufferers reporting nap-induced modulation of tinnitus also report more frequently an influence of night sleep on their tinnitus. Further clinical and polysomnographic research is warranted to better understand the interaction between sleep and tinnitus.
Cheumatopsyche anthracias Mey 1996
Creators: name: Mey, Wolfram
name: Malicky, Hans
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Cheumatopsyche
Cheumatopsyche anthracias

description: Cheumatopsyche anthracias Mey 1996
Material: 2 ♂, Kachin, road to Mt. Inwa Bum, 26–28.v.2006, leg. S. Naumann
description: Published as part of Mey, Wolfram & Malicky, Hans, 2021, Caddisflies from Myanmar: New records and descriptions of new species (Insecta, Trichoptera), pp. 533-565 in Zootaxa 5060 (4) on page 557, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5637984