title: Comparison of dung and soil fauna from pastures treated with and without ivermectin as an example of the effects of a veterinary pharmaceutical
title: Comparison of dung and soil fauna from pastures treated with and without ivermectin as an example of the effects of a veterinary pharmaceutical
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Römbke, Jörg
name: Scheffczyk, Adam
name: Lumaret, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: Umweltbundesamt
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biologische Vielfalt
subject: dung organism
subject: ivermectin
subject: biodiversity
subject: dung decomposition
subject: field study
subject: Chemicals

description: Die Anwendung von Anthelmintika (z.B. Ivermectin) bei Nutztieren kann Dungorganismen beeinträchtigen und in einigen Fällen auch den Dungabbau hemmen. Während der Registrierung müssen Antiparasitika in "highertier" Studien untersucht werden, sofern in Labor-Einzelarttests negative Effekte auf Dungorganismen beobachtet wurden. Da es bisher für solche komplexeren Studien keine Richtlinien wurde ein innternationales Projekt durchgeführt, um (1) die Belastbarkeit von Freilandstudien, die von 4 Instituten in verschiedenen Regionen mit unterschiedlichen Dung- und Bodenorganismengemeinschaften sowie Umweltbedingungen durchgeführt wurden, zu untersuchen und um (2) die Auswirkungem dieser Unterschiede auf die Interpretation der Testergebnisse zu studieren. Die Versuche liefen in Lethbridge (Kanada), Montpellier (Frankreich), Zürich (Schweiz) und Wageningen (Holland). Als Testsubstanz wurde Ivermectin eingesetzt. Es zeigte sich, dass es, wie zu erwarten, grosse Unterschiede in der Zusammensetzung wichtiger Gruppen der Dunginsekten (Familienebene) an den 4 Standorten gab. Die Ergebnisse belegen zudem, dass Ivermectin negative Auswirkungen auf mehrere Gruppen der Dungfliegen bzw. Dungkäfer an allen Standorten hatte. Allerdings konnte kein Einfluß der Ivermektinbehandlung auf die Abbaurate des Rinderdungs in gemäßigten Breiten festgestellt werden. Zudem wurden an einem Standort (Wageningen) negative Auswirkungen auf die unter den Dunghaufen lebende Bodenfauna (Collembolen, nicht aber Regenwürmer) gefunden. Das Studiendesign erwies sich als gut geeignet für die Untersuchung der Wirkungen von Antiparasitika auf Dunginsekten und die Bodenfauna, wie es für eine highertier-Risikobeurteilung erforderlich ist. Extreme Wetterereignisse während einer solchen Studie können aber die Abundanz einiger Dunginsektengruppen beeinflussen. Diese Ergebnisse wurden in Hinsicht auf die Eignung von Risikominderungsmaßnahmen diskutiert.<br>Quelle:Forschungsbericht
description: The application of anthelmintics (e.g. ivermectin) to domestic animals can affect populations of dungdwelling organisms and in some cases retard dung degradation. During their registration process, such parasiticides need to be tested at higher tier levels when adverse effects on dung organisms are observed in single species toxicity tests. Since no guidance on highertier testing was available, an international project was set up in order (1) to assess the robustness of field tests when conducted by 4 research groups at different geographic sites, varying in dung and soil faunas, in environmental conditions, and (2) to study the effects of these variable conditions on the interpretation of test results. The experiments were conducted in Lethbridge (Canada), Montpellier (France), Zurich (Switzerland), and Wageningen (The Netherlands). Ivermectin was used as test compound. The study demonstrated that there are considerable differences in the composition of the principal groups of dung insect fauna (family level) between different experimental sites in the study, as could be expected according to biogeography. The results indicate that ivermectin does negatively affect various groups of dung flies and also dung beetles at all study sites. However, ivermectin treatments do not seem to have an effect on the degradation rate of dung in temperate climate regions. Effects on soil fauna (Collembola, not earthworms) living below dung pats did occur only in Wageningen. The study design is suitable to evaluate the effects of parasiticides on dung insects and soil fauna under field conditions such as required in highertier testing for risk assessment. Extreme weather conditions during the experiments, however, may interfere with the abundance of certain important groups of dung insects. There results are discussed in the context of measures mitigating the risk of ivermectin.<br>Quelle:Forschungsbericht
description: Soil organisms in manure or organisms that colonize dung pats can be impacted by the application of veterinary medical products, especially parasiticides, to livestock. For this reason, the authorization process for veterinary medicinal products in the European Union and other countries includes a requirement for “higher-tier” tests when adverse effects on dung organisms can be detected in single-species toxicity tests. However, no guidance documents for the performance of higher-tier tests are available, so far. Therefore, an international research project was undertaken to develop and validate a proposed test method under varying field conditions of climate, soil, and endemic coprophilous fauna. The test took place at Lethbridge (Canada), Montpellier (France), Zurich (Switzerland), and Wageningen (The Netherlands). The aim of the project was to determine if fecal residues of a parasitide with known insecticidal activity (ivermectin) showed similar effects on insects breeding in dung of treated animals, coprophilous organisms in the soil beneath the dung, and rates of dung degradation.