cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Real-time broadening of bath-induced density profiles from closed-system correlation functions
Creators: name: Heitmann, Tjark
name: Richter, Jonas
name: Herbrych, Jacek
name: Gemmer, Jochen
name: Steinigeweg, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Lindblad master equation is one of the main approaches to open quantum systems. While it has been widely applied in the context of condensed matter systems to study properties of steady states in the limit of long times, the actual route to such steady states has attracted less attention yet. Here, we investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of spin chains with a local coupling to a single Lindblad bath and analyze the transport properties of the induced magnetization. Combining typicality and equilibration arguments with stochastic unraveling, we unveil for the case of weak driving that the dynamics in the open system can be constructed on the basis of correlation functions in the closed system, which establishes a connection between the Lindblad approach and linear response theory at finite times. In this way, we provide a particular example where closed and open approaches to quantum transport agree strictly. We demonstrate this fact numerically for the spin-1/2 XXZ chain at the isotropic point and in the easy-axis regime, where superdiffusive and diffusive scaling is observed, respectively.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Equilibria and Instabilities of a Slinky: Discrete Model
Creators: name: Holmes, Douglas P.
name: Borum, Andy D.
name: Moore, Billy F.
name: Plaut, Raymond H.
name: Dillard, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Slinky is a well-known example of a highly flexible helical spring, exhibiting large, geometrically nonlinear deformations from minimal applied forces. By considering it as a system of coils that act to resist axial, shearing, and rotational deformations, we develop a discretized model to predict the equilibrium configurations of a Slinky via the minimization of its potential energy. Careful consideration of the contact between coils enables this procedure to accurately describe the shape and stability of the Slinky under different modes of deformation. In addition, we provide simple geometric and material relations that describe a scaling of the general behavior of flexible, helical springs.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Compressed Sensing MRI Reconstruction Regularized by VAEs with Structured Image Covariance
Creators: name: Duff, Margaret
name: Simpson, Ivor J. A.
name: Ehrhardt, Matthias J.
name: Campbell, Neill D. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Objective: This paper investigates how generative models, trained on ground-truth images, can be used \changes{as} priors for inverse problems, penalizing reconstructions far from images the generator can produce. The aim is that learned regularization will provide complex data-driven priors to inverse problems while still retaining the control and insight of a variational regularization method. Moreover, unsupervised learning, without paired training data, allows the learned regularizer to remain flexible to changes in the forward problem such as noise level, sampling pattern or coil sensitivities in MRI. Approach: We utilize variational autoencoders (VAEs) that generate not only an image but also a covariance uncertainty matrix for each image. The covariance can model changing uncertainty dependencies caused by structure in the image, such as edges or objects, and provides a new distance metric from the manifold of learned images. Main results: We evaluate these novel generative regularizers on retrospectively sub-sampled real-valued MRI measurements from the fastMRI dataset. We compare our proposed learned regularization against other unlearned regularization approaches and unsupervised and supervised deep learning methods. Significance: Our results show that the proposed method is competitive with other state-of-the-art methods and behaves consistently with changing sampling patterns and noise levels.
Integrating Accessibility in a Mobile App Development Course
Creators: name: Bhatia, Jaskaran Singh
name: D, Parthasarathy P
name: Tiwari, Snigdha
name: Nagpal, Dhruv
name: Joshi, Swaroop
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.3.2

description: The growing interest in accessible software reflects in computing educators' and education researchers' efforts to include accessibility in core computing education. We integrated accessibility in a junior/senior-level Android app development course at a large private university in India. The course introduced three accessibility-related topics using various interventions: Accessibility Awareness (a guest lecture by a legal expert), Technical Knowledge (lectures on Android accessibility guidelines and testing practices and graded components for implementing accessibility in programming assignments), and Empathy (an activity that required students to blindfold themselves and interact with their phones using a screen-reader). We evaluated their impact on student learning using three instruments: (A) A pre/post-course questionnaire, (B) Reflective questions on each of the four programming assignments, and (C) Midterm and Final exam questions. Our findings demonstrate that: (A) significantly more ($p<.05$) students considered disabilities when designing an app after taking this course, (B) many students developed empathy towards the challenges persons with disabilities face while using inaccessible apps, and (C) all students could correctly identify at least one accessibility issue in the user interface of a real-world app given its screenshot, and 90% of them could provide a correct solution to fix it.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, submitted to ACM SIGCSE 2023
title: Australia’s welfare 2019: in brief
Creators: name: Australian Institute Of Health And Welfare
Publisher: name: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
Year: 2019

description: Australia’s welfare 2019: in brief tells the story of welfare in Australia with key findings on housing, education and skills, employment and work, income and finance: government payments, social support, justice and safety, and Indigenous Australians. Australia’s welfare 2019 is the 14th biennial welfare report of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.
Justice in the genomic and digital era: a ‘different world’ requiring ‘different law’
Creators: name: Selita, Fatos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Legal practice, lawyering and the legal profession
Other law and legal studies not elsewhere classified
Genomics
Genetics not elsewhere classified
Medical genetics (excl. cancer genetics)

description: Abstract Discoveries in the last two decades have created a ‘different world’, which requires ‘different’ laws. They have created a world where: enormous information on people’s past, present and future can be extracted from DNA alone; the DNA of millions of people has already been sequenced; the cost of sequencing is around 30 million times less than in 2003; additional detailed personal information is collected from numerous sources, such as mobile phones, hospitals, bank cards; this information is shared internationally among numerous powerful private and State organisations; and use of this information can be highly profitable for these organisations. Under these conditions, current law is unable to fully protect rights such as that of data protection, privacy, a fair trial, and non-discrimination on genetics and other basis ­– rights valued by societies. For the law to serve its key purpose, it now must adapt (evolve) to this fast and fundamental change in the ‘environment’. In relation to protection from data misuses, as privacy (genetic and other) is not possible, laws are required which can minimise negative impact of data misuses. Key stakeholders (e.g. judges, policymakers) would need to understand how genes work and how genetic information is used in order to appreciate the urgency of updating laws and to build effective protection.
On cycle integrals of weakly holomorphic modular forms
Creators: name: Bringmann, Kathrin
name: Guerzhoy, Pavel
name: Kane, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F37, 11F11

description: In this paper, we investigate cycle integrals of weakly holomorphic modular forms. We show that these integrals coincide with the cycle integrals of classical cusp forms. We use these results to define a Shintani lift from integral weight weakly holomorphic modular forms to half-integral weight holomorphic modular forms.
Lorentz invariance violation induced threshold anomaly versus very-high energy cosmic photon emission from GRB 221009A
Creators: name: Li, Hao
name: Ma, Bo-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been reported that the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) observed very high energy photons from GRB 221009A, with the highest energy reaching 18~TeV. We find that observation of such high energy photons is quite nontrivial since extragalactic background light could absorb these photons severely and the flux is too weak to be observed. Therefore we discuss a potential mechanism for us to observe these photons, and suggest that Lorentz invariance violation induced threshold anomaly of the process \(γγ\to e^-e^+\) provides a candidate to explain this phenomenon.
description: 5 latex pages, 2 figures, final version for publication
From Task-Based GPU Work Aggregation to Stellar Mergers: Turning Fine-Grained CPU Tasks into Portable GPU Kernels
Creators: name: Daiß, Gregor
name: Diehl, Patrick
name: Marcello, Dominic
name: Kheirkhahan, Alireza
name: Kaiser, Hartmut
name: Pflüger, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Meeting both scalability and performance portability requirements is a challenge for any HPC application, especially for adaptively refined ones. In Octo-Tiger, an astrophysics application for the simulation of stellar mergers, we approach this with existing solutions: We employ HPX to obtain fine-grained tasks to easily distribute work and finely overlap communication and computation. For the computations themselves, we use Kokkos to turn these tasks into compute kernels capable of running on hardware ranging from a few CPU cores to powerful accelerators. There is a missing link, however: while the fine-grained parallelism exposed by HPX is useful for scalability, it can hinder GPU performance when the tasks become too small to saturate the device, causing low resource utilization. To bridge this gap, we investigate multiple different GPU work aggregation strategies within Octo-Tiger, adding one new strategy, and evaluate the node-level performance impact on recent AMD and NVIDIA GPUs, achieving noticeable speedups.
Orphan penumbrae: Submerging horizontal fields
Creators: name: Jurcak, J.
name: Rubio, L. R. Bellot
name: Sobotka, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the properties of orphan penumbrae, which are photospheric filamentary structures observed in active regions near polarity inversion lines that resemble the penumbra of regular sunspots but are not connected to any umbra. We use Hinode data from the Solar Optical Telescope to determine the properties of orphan penumbrae. Spectropolarimetric data are employed to obtain the vector magnetic field and line-of-sight velocities in the photosphere. Magnetograms are used to study the overall evolution of these structures, and G-band and Ca II H filtergrams are to investigate their brightness and apparent horizontal motions. Orphan penumbrae form between regions of opposite polarity in places with horizontal magnetic fields. Their magnetic configuration is that of $Ω$-shaped flux ropes. In the two cases studied here, the opposite-polarity regions approach each other with time and the whole structure submerges as the penumbral filaments disappear. Orphan penumbrae are very similar to regular penumbrae, including the existence of strong gas flows. Therefore, they could have a similar origin. The main difference between them is the absence of a "background" magnetic field in orphan penumbrae. This could explain most of the observed differences. The fast flows we detect in orphan penumbrae may be caused by the siphon flow mechanism. Based on the similarities between orphan and regular penumbrae, we propose that the Evershed flow is also a manifestation of siphon flows.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures
Nonclassical effects in two-photon interference experiments: event-by-event simulations
Creators: name: Michielsen, K.
name: Jin, F.
name: De Raedt, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that both the visibility ${\cal V} = 1/2$ predicted for two-photon interference experiments with two independent sources\textcolor{black}{, like the Hanbury Brown-Twiss experiment,} and the visibility ${\cal V} = 1$ predicted for two-photon interference experiments with a parametric down-conversion source\textcolor{black}{, like the Ghosh-Mandel experiment,} can be explained \textcolor{black}{by a discrete event simulation. This simulation approach reproduces the statistical distributions of wave theory not by requiring the knowledge of the solution of the wave equation of the whole system but by generating detection events one-by-one according to an unknown distribution.} There is thus no need to invoke quantum theory to explain the so-called nonclassical effects in the interference of signal and idler photons in parametric down conversion. Hence, a revision of the commonly accepted criterion of the nonclassical nature of light\textcolor{black}{, ${\cal V} > 1/2$,} is called for.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1208.2368, arXiv:1006.1728
Model of rough surfaces with Gaussian processes
Creators: name: Jawaid, Arsalan
name: Seewig, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surface roughness plays a critical role and has effects in, e.g. fluid dynamics or contact mechanics. For example, to evaluate fluid behavior at different roughness properties, real-world or numerical experiments are performed. Numerical simulations of rough surfaces can speed up these studies because they can help collect more relevant information. However, it is hard to simulate rough surfaces with deterministic or structured components in current methods. In this work, we present a novel approach to simulate rough surfaces with a Gaussian process (GP) and a noise model because GPs can model structured and periodic elements. GPs generalize traditional methods and are not restricted to stationarity so they can simulate a wider range of rough surfaces. In this paper, we summarize the theoretical similarities of GPs with auto-regressive moving-average processes and introduce a linear process view of GPs. We also show examples of ground and honed surfaces simulated by a predefined model. The proposed method can also be used to fit a model to measurement data of a rough surface. In particular, we demonstrate this to model turned profiles and surfaces that are inherently periodic.
A Prominence Eruption Driven by Flux Feeding from Chromospheric Fibrils
Creators: name: Zhang, Quanhao
name: Liu, Rui
name: Wang, Yuming
name: Shen, Chenglong
name: Liu, Kai
name: Liu, Jiajia
name: Wang, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present multi-wavelength observations of a prominence eruption originating from a quadrupolar field configuration, in which the prominence was embedded in a side-arcade. Within the two-day period prior to its eruption on 2012 October 22, the prominence was perturbed three times by chromospheric fibrils underneath, which rose upward, became brightened, and merged into the prominence, resulting in horizontal flows along the prominence axis, suggesting that the fluxes carried by the fibrils were incorporated into the magnetic field of the prominence. These perturbations caused the prominence to oscillate and to rise faster than before. The absence of intense heating within the first two hours after the onset of the prominence eruption, which followed an exponential increase in height, indicates that ideal instability played a crucial role. The eruption involved interactions with the other side-arcade, leading up to a twin coronal mass ejection, which was accompanied by transient surface brightenings in the central arcade, followed by transient dimmings and brightenings in the two side-arcades. We suggest that flux feeding from chromospheric fibrils might be an important mechanism to trigger coronal eruptions.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Augmentation-Free Graph Contrastive Learning of Invariant-Discriminative Representations
Creators: name: Li, Haifeng
name: Cao, Jun
name: Zhu, Jiawei
name: Luo, Qinyao
name: He, Silu
name: Wang, Xuyin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The pretasks are mainly built on mutual information estimation, which requires data augmentation to construct positive samples with similar semantics to learn invariant signals and negative samples with dissimilar semantics in order to empower representation discriminability. However, an appropriate data augmentation configuration depends heavily on lots of empirical trials such as choosing the compositions of data augmentation techniques and the corresponding hyperparameter settings. We propose an augmentation-free graph contrastive learning method, invariant-discriminative graph contrastive learning (iGCL), that does not intrinsically require negative samples. iGCL designs the invariant-discriminative loss (ID loss) to learn invariant and discriminative representations. On the one hand, ID loss learns invariant signals by directly minimizing the mean square error between the target samples and positive samples in the representation space. On the other hand, ID loss ensures that the representations are discriminative by an orthonormal constraint forcing the different dimensions of representations to be independent of each other. This prevents representations from collapsing to a point or subspace. Our theoretical analysis explains the effectiveness of ID loss from the perspectives of the redundancy reduction criterion, canonical correlation analysis, and information bottleneck principle. The experimental results demonstrate that iGCL outperforms all baselines on 5 node classification benchmark datasets. iGCL also shows superior performance for different label ratios and is capable of resisting graph attacks, which indicates that iGCL has excellent generalization and robustness. The source code is available at https://github.com/lehaifeng/T-GCN/tree/master/iGCL.
description: 11 pages 8 figs
Data analysis of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm laboratory experiments
Creators: name: De Raedt, H.
name: Jin, F.
name: Michielsen, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Data sets produced by three different Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm (EPRB) experiments are tested against the hypothesis that the statistics of this data is described by quantum theory. Although these experiments generate data that violate Bell inequalities for suitable choices of the time-coincidence window, the analysis shows that it is highly unlikely that these data sets are compatible with the quantum theoretical description of the EPRB experiment, suggesting that the popular statements that EPRB experiments agree with quantum theory lack a solid scientific basis and that more precise experiments are called for.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1112.2629
Data-driven modeling of Landau damping by physics-informed neural networks
Creators: name: Qin, Yilan
name: Ma, Jiayu
name: Jiang, Mingle
name: Dong, Chuanfei
name: Fu, Haiyang
name: Wang, Liang
name: Cheng, Wenjie
name: Jin, Yaqiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Kinetic approaches are generally accurate in dealing with microscale plasma physics problems but are computationally expensive for large-scale or multiscale systems. One of the long-standing problems in plasma physics is the integration of kinetic physics into fluid models, which is often achieved through sophisticated analytical closure terms. In this paper, we successfully construct a multi-moment fluid model with an implicit fluid closure included in the neural network using machine learning. The multi-moment fluid model is trained with a small fraction of sparsely sampled data from kinetic simulations of Landau damping, using the physics-informed neural network (PINN) and the gradient-enhanced physics-informed neural network (gPINN). The multi-moment fluid model constructed using either PINN or gPINN reproduces the time evolution of the electric field energy, including its damping rate, and the plasma dynamics from the kinetic simulations. In addition, we introduce a variant of the gPINN architecture, namely, gPINN$p$ to capture the Landau damping process. Instead of including the gradients of all the equation residuals, gPINN$p$ only adds the gradient of the pressure equation residual as one additional constraint. Among the three approaches, the gPINN$p$-constructed multi-moment fluid model offers the most accurate results. This work sheds light on the accurate and efficient modeling of large-scale systems, which can be extended to complex multiscale laboratory, space, and astrophysical plasma physics problems.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review Research
End-to-end physics analysis with Open Data: the Analysis Grand Challenge
Creators: name: Held, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The IRIS-HEP Analysis Grand Challenge (AGC) provides an environment for investigating analysis methods in the context of a realistic physics analysis. It features an analysis task that captures all relevant workflow aspects encountered in LHC analyses, reaching from data delivery to statistical inference. By using publicly available Open Data, the AGC allows anyone interested to test different analysis approaches and implementations at scale. This tutorial showcases a complete Python implementation of the AGC analysis task, making heavy use of Scikit-HEP libraries and coffea. It demonstrates how these libraries provide the required functionality and interfaces for an end-to-end analysis pipeline. This includes the organization of input datasets, columnar data processing, evaluation of systematic uncertainties, histogram creation, statistical model assembly and inference, alongside the relevant visualizations that a physicist running this pipeline requires.
The Previous Academic Papers and Publications and Turnitin Similarity Report, 63 pages. (Siming Zheng)
Creators: name: Siming Zheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 10402 Biostatistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Regarding this Supporting Document ( 63 pages ):
This supporting document includes previous academic research papers with high-pixel image in form of PDF for your reference. It provided the Turnitin Similarity report for the second paper, which was under the peer-review after 2nd revision. I suggest you can download files or browse online according.

Thank you for your attention.
Applicant name: Siming Zheng
Written date: Nov 20th, 2020.
Best regards.
Interpretations of the cosmic ray secondary-to-primary ratios measured by DAMPE
Creators: name: Ma, Peng-Xiong
name: Xu, Zhi-Hui
name: Yuan, Qiang
name: Bi, Xiao-Jun
name: Fan, Yi-Zhong
name: Moskalenko, Igor V.
name: Yue, Chuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precise measurements of the boron-to-carbon and boron-to-oxygen ratios by DAMPE show clear hardenings around $100$ GeV/n, which provide important implications on the production, propagation, and interaction of Galactic cosmic rays. In this work we investigate a number of models proposed in literature in light of the DAMPE findings. These models can roughly be classified into two classes, driven by propagation effects or by source ones. Among these models discussed, we find that the re-acceleration of cosmic rays, during their propagation, by random magnetohydrodynamic waves may not reproduce sufficient hardenings of B/C and B/O, and an additional spectral break of the diffusion coefficient is required. The other models can properly explain the hardenings of the ratios. However, depending on simplifications assumed, the models differ in their quality in reproducing the data in a wide energy range. The models with significant re-acceleration effect will under-predict low-energy antiprotons but over-predict low-energy positrons, and the models with secondary production at sources over-predict high-energy antiprotons. For all models high-energy positron excess exists.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures. Published version
Random Ising chain in transverse and longitudinal fields: Strong disorder RG study
Creators: name: Pető, Tamás
name: Iglói, Ferenc
name: Kovács, István A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the compound ${\rm LiHo}_x{\rm Y}_{1-x}{\rm F}_4$, we consider the Ising chain with random couplings and in the presence of simultaneous random transverse and longitudinal fields, and study its low-energy properties at zero temperature by the strong disorder renormalization group approach. In the absence of longitudinal fields, the system exhibits a quantum-ordered and a quantum-disordered phase separated by a critical point of infinite disorder. When the longitudinal random field is switched on, the ordered phase vanishes and the trajectories of the renormalization group are attracted to two disordered fixed points: one is characteristic of the classical random field Ising chain, the other describes the quantum disordered phase. The two disordered phases are separated by a separatrix that starts at the infinite disorder fixed point and near which there are strong quantum fluctuations.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Permutation Invariant Parking Assortments
Creators: name: Chen, Douglas M.
name: Harris, Pamela E.
name: Mori, J. Carlos Martínez
name: Pabón-Cancel, Eric J.
name: Sargent, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A15, 05A19, 05E18

description: We introduce parking assortments, a generalization of parking functions with cars of assorted lengths. In this setting, there are $n\in\mathbb{N}$ cars of lengths $\mathbf{y}=(y_1,y_2,\ldots,y_n)\in\mathbb{N}^n$ entering a one-way street with $m=\sum_{i=1}^ny_i$ parking spots. The cars have parking preferences $\mathbf{x}=(x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n)\in[m]^n$, where $[m]:=\{1,2,\ldots,m\}$, and enter the street in order. Each car $i \in [n]$, with length $y_i$ and preference $x_i$, follows a natural extension of the classical parking rule: it begins looking for parking at its preferred spot $x_i$ and parks in the first $y_i$ contiguously available spots thereafter, if there are any. If all cars are able to park under the preference list $\mathbf{x}$, we say $\mathbf{x}$ is a parking assortment for $\mathbf{y}$. Parking assortments also generalize parking sequences, introduced by Ehrenborg and Happ, since each car seeks for the first contiguously available spots it fits in past its preference. Given a parking assortment $\mathbf{x}$ for $\mathbf{y}$, we say it is permutation invariant if all rearrangements of $\mathbf{x}$ are also parking assortments for $\mathbf{y}$. While all parking functions are permutation invariant, this is not the case for parking assortments in general, motivating the need for characterization of this property. Although obtaining a full characterization for arbitrary $n\in\mathbb{N}$ and $\mathbf{y}\in\mathbb{N}^n$ remains elusive, we do so for $n=2,3$. Given the technicality of these results, we introduce the notion of minimally invariant car lengths, for which the only invariant parking assortment is the all ones preference list. We provide a concise, oracle-based characterization of minimally invariant car lengths for any $n\in\mathbb{N}$. Our results around minimally invariant car lengths also hold for parking sequences.
Gregory-Laflamme encounters Superradiance
Creators: name: Dias, Oscar J. C.
name: Ishii, Takaaki
name: Murata, Keiju
name: Santos, Jorge E.
name: Way, Benson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of superradiant scattering of gravitational perturbations on the stability of rotating black strings, focusing on the six dimensional equal-spinning Myers-Perry black string. We find that rapidly rotating black strings are unstable to gravitational superradiant modes within a bounded range of string lengths. The instability occurs because momentum along the string direction creates a potential barrier that allows for the confinement of superradiant modes. Yet, five dimensional Myers-Perry black holes do not have stable particle orbits so, unlike other known superradiant systems, these black strings remain stable to perturbations with sufficiently high azimuthal mode number -- this is a `finite-$m$' superradiant instability. For some parameters, this instability competes with the Gregory-Laflamme instability, but otherwise exists independently. The onset of this instability is degenerate and branches to multiple steady-state solutions. This paper is the first of a trilogy: in the next two, we construct two distinct families of rotating strings emerging from the superradiant onset (the `black resonator strings' and `helical black strings'). We argue that similar physics is present in 5-dimensional Kerr black strings, but not in $D>6$ equal-spinning Myers-Perry black strings.
description: 35 pages, 9 figures. v2: Matches published version (discussions improved)
Integrals of equations for cosmological and static reductions in generalized theories of gravity
Creators: name: Filippov, A. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the dilaton gravity models derived by reductions of generalized theories of gravity and study one-dimensional dynamical systems simultaneously describing cosmological and static states in any gauge. Our approach is fully applicable to studying static and cosmological solutions in multidimensional theories and also in general one-dimensional dilaton - scalaron gravity models. We here focus on general and global properties of the models, on seeking integrals, and on analyzing the structure of the solution space. We propose some new ideas in this direction and derive new classes of integrals and new integrable models.
description: 15 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1302.6372
The role of heat shock proteins in preventing amyloid toxicity
Creators: name: Törner, Ricarda
name: Kupreichyk, Tatsiana
name: Hoyer, Wolfgang
name: Boisbouvier, Jerome
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 570

description: Frontiers in molecular biosciences 9, 1045616 (2022). doi:10.3389/fmolb.2022.1045616
description: The oligomerization of monomeric proteins into large, elongated, β-sheet-rich fibril structures (amyloid), which results in toxicity to impacted cells, is highly correlated to increased age. The concomitant decrease of the quality control system, composed of chaperones, ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy-lysosomal pathway, has been shown to play an important role in disease development. In the last years an increasing number of studies has been published which focus on chaperones, modulators of protein conformational states, and their effects on preventing amyloid toxicity. Here, we give a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of chaperones and amyloidogenic proteins and summarize the advances made in elucidating the impact of these two classes of proteins on each other, whilst also highlighting challenges and remaining open questions. The focus of this review is on structural and mechanistic studies and its aim is to bring novices of this field "up to speed" by providing insight into all the relevant processes and presenting seminal structural and functional investigations.
description: Published by Frontiers, Lausanne
A dearth of small particles in debris disks: An energy-constrained smallest fragment size
Creators: name: Krijt, Sebastiaan
name: Kama, Mihkel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A prescription for the fragment size distribution resulting from dust grain collisions is essential when modelling a range of astrophysical systems, such as debris disks and planetary rings. While the slope of the fragment size distribution and the size of the largest fragment are well known, the behaviour of the distribution at the small size end is theoretically and experimentally poorly understood. This leads debris disk codes to generally assume a limit equal to, or below, the radiation blow-out size. We use energy conservation to analytically derive a lower boundary of the fragment size distribution for a range of collider mass ratios. Focussing on collisions between equal-sized bodies, we apply the method to debris disks. For a given collider mass, the size of the smallest fragments is found to depend on collision velocity, material parameters, and the size of the largest fragment. We provide a physically motivated recipe for the calculation of the smallest fragment, which can be easily implemented in codes for modelling collisional systems. For plausible parameters, our results are consistent with the observed predominance of grains much larger than the blow-out size in Fomalhaut's main belt and in the Herschel cold debris disks.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication as a Letter in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Spin effects in Spherical Harmonic Modes of Gravitational Waves from Eccentric Compact Binary Inspirals
Creators: name: Paul, Kaushik
name: Mishra, Chandra Kant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the leading and sub-leading spin effects through the second post-Newtonian order (2PN) in spherical harmonic modes of gravitational waveforms from inspiralling compact binaries in non-circular orbits with non-precessing components. The two spin couplings, linear-in-spin (spin-orbit; SO) and quadratic-in-spin (spin-spin; SS), that appear in 2PN waveforms are computed with desired accuracy and explicit expressions for relevant modes are derived. The modes that have spin corrections through 2PN include $(\ell, |m|)$=$((2,2),\,(2,1),\,(3,3),\,(3,2),\,(3,1),\,(4,3),\,(4,1))$ modes. Closed form expressions for these modes for compact binaries in general orbits as well as in elliptical orbits are being provided. While the general orbit results can be used to study signals from binaries in orbits of arbitrary shape and nature, elliptical orbit results are applicable to systems with arbitrary eccentricities. We also express the elliptical orbit results as leading eccentric corrections to the circular results. Our prescription represents, the first, fully analytical treatment that combines spins, eccentricity and higher modes together and completes computation of spin effects through 2PN order. These should find immediate applications in inspiral-merger-ringdown modelling for eccentric mergers including the effect of non-precessing spins and higher modes as well as in parameter estimation analyses employing inspiral waveform.
description: 19 pages, 0 figures, version as accepted in PRD
Spin-Orbit Qubit on a Multiferroic Insulator in a Superconducting Resonator
Creators: name: Zhang, P.
name: Xiang, Ze-Liang
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a spin-orbit qubit in a nanowire quantum dot on the surface of a multiferroic insulator with a cycloidal spiral magnetic order. The spiral exchange field from the multiferroic insulator causes an inhomogeneous Zeeman-like interaction on the electron spin in the quantum dot, producing a spin-orbit qubit. The absence of an external magnetic field benefits the integration of such spin-orbit qubit into high-quality superconducting resonators. By exploiting the Rashba spin-orbit coupling in the quantum dot via a gate voltage, one can obtain an effective spin-photon coupling with an efficient on/off switching. This makes the proposed device controllable and promising for hybrid quantum communications.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
The Chain Flexibility Effects on the Self-assembly of Diblock Copolymer in Thin Film
Creators: name: Chen, Mingyang
name: Chen, Yuguo
name: Zhu, Yanyan
name: Jiang, Ying
name: Andelman, David
name: Man, Xingkun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effects of chain flexibility on the self-assembly behavior of symmetric diblock copolymers (BCPs) when they are confined as a thin film between two surfaces. Employing worm-like chain (WLC) self-consistent field theory, we study the relative stability of parallel (L$_{\parallel}$) and perpendicular (L$_{\perp}$) orientations of BCP lamellar phases, ranging in chain flexibility from flexible Gaussian chains to semi-flexible and rigid chains. For flat and neutral bounding surfaces (no surface preference for one of the two BCP components), the stability of the L$_{\perp}$ lamellae increases with chain rigidity. When the top surface is flat and the bottom substrate is corrugated, increasing the surface roughness enhances the stability of the L$_{\perp}$ lamellae for flexible Gaussian chains. However, an opposite behavior is observed for rigid chains, where the L$_{\perp}$ stability decreases as the substrate roughness increases. We further show that as the substrate roughness increases, the critical value of the substrate preference, $u^{*}$, corresponding to an L$_{\perp}$-to-L$_{\parallel}$ transition, decreases for rigid chains, while it increases for flexible Gaussian chains. Our results highlight the physical mechanism of tailoring the orientation of lamellar phases in thin-film setups. This is of importance, in particular, for short (semi-flexible or rigid) chains that are in high demand in emerging nanolithography and other industrial applications.
Neutrino magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in presence of two-flavor oscillations
Creators: name: Chatterjee, D.
name: Misra, A. P.
name: Ghosh, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of neutrino flavor oscillations on the propagation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves and instabilities is studied in neutrino-beam driven magnetoplasmas. Using the neutrino MHD model, a general dispersion relation is derived which manifests the resonant interactions of MHD waves, not only with the neutrino beam, but also with the neutrino flavor oscillations. It is found that the latter contribute to the wave dispersion and enhance the magnitude of the instability of oblique magnetosonic waves. However, the shear-Alfv{é}n wave remains unaffected by the neutrino beam and neutrino flavor oscillations. Such an enhancement of the magnitude of the instability of magnetosonic waves can be significant for relatively long-wavelength perturbations in the regimes of high neutrino number density and/or strong magnetic field, giving a convincing mechanism for type-II core-collapse supernova explosion.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures; To appear in Physica Scripta (2023)
Qubit control using quantum Zeno effect: Action principle approach
Creators: name: Kumari, Komal
name: Rajpoot, Garima
name: Joshi, Sandeep
name: Jain, Sudhir Ranjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ the stochastic path-integral formalism and action principle for continuous quantum measurements - the Chantasri-Dressel-Jordan (CDJ) action formalism [1, 2] - to understand the stages in which quantum Zeno effect helps control the states of a simple quantum system. The detailed dynamics of a driven two-level system subjected to repeated measurements unravels a myriad of phases, so to say. When the detection frequency is smaller than the Rabi frequency, the oscillations slow down, eventually coming to a halt at an interesting resonance when measurements are spaced exactly by the time of transition between the two states. On the other hand, in the limit of large number of repeated measurements, the dynamics organizes itself in a rather interesting way about two hyperbolic points in phase space whose stable and unstable directions are reversed. Thus, the phase space flow occurs from one hyperbolic point to another, in different ways organized around the separatrices. We believe that the systematic treatment presented here paves the way for a better and clearer understanding of quantum Zeno effect in the context of quantum error correction.
Aging, risk management and finite resources
Creators: name: Highmore, Roger
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60802 Animal Cell and Molecular Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60103 Cell Development, Proliferation and Death
subject: Cancer
subject: 60404 Epigenetics (incl. Genome Methylation and Epigenomics)
subject: 20304 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: Entropy
subject: 29901 Biological Physics

description: Apoptosis, repair and senescence are tools which an organism can use in a risk management process that balances the threats posed by damaged, existing cells against the difficulty and cost of replacing them. If they are orchestrated effectively the organism can gain a degree of risk reduction, appropriate for a particular tissue and time of life, at minimum cost.
Where abundant resources allow, apoptosis eliminates risks posed by damaged, high-entropy cells. Where resources are constrained, senescence trades immediate threats posed by damaged cells for longer-term risks including inflammation, metastasis and epigenetic instability. Pushing risks into the future is consistent with an evolutionary need to keep an organism adequately healthy, for sufficiently long, that it can raise healthy offspring.
An organism which has reserves of, e.g., stem cells and telomeres, can manufacture pristine, low-entropy cells to replace damaged, higher-entropy cells eliminated by apoptosis. This mechanism will minimise cellular entropy, and retain cellular information, until the reserves are exhausted. Plentiful initial resources, and careful management of those resources, can delay but not eliminate the increase in cellular entropy and reduction in information as an organism ages. Increased risk, increased entropy and reduced information are closely related features of the aging process. Cellular entropy might act as a measure of ‘risk’ in the discussion presented here while the energy invested to reduce cellular entropy acts as a measure of ‘cost’.
Zwischen Auftrag, Alltag und Anspruch: Buxtehuder Erfahrungen mit dem Seminarfach
Creators: name: Jobmann, Peter
name: Windwehr, Sabine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Schulbibliothek
Wissenschaftspropädeutik
Seminarfach
Facharbeit
Informationskompetenz

description: Das per Verordnung über die gymnasiale Oberstufe (VO-GO) des Landes Niedersachsen geschaffene Unterrichtsfach „Seminarfach“, dem als Ziel die Förderung der Wissenschaftspropädeutik zugeordnet wird, ist entlang der rechtlichen Grundlagen, inhaltlich und organisatorisch frei durch die Schulen auszugestalten. Für die Arbeit in Schulbibliotheken bedeutet dies, konkret auf das jeweilige Schulkonzept angepasste Formen der Unterstützung des Seminarfachs zu entwickeln. Dies hat zur Folge, dass innerhalb eines städtischen Bibliothekssystems mit mehreren Schulbibliotheken verschiedene bibliothekarische Konzepte notwendig sind. Dieser Beitrag soll mittels praktischer Erfahrungen aufzeigen, welche Schritte notwendig sind, um anhand fachlicher Vorgaben aus schulischer und bibliothekarischer Sicht ein tragfähiges Konzept zu erarbeiten, das neben den schulischen Belangen auch jene der SchülerInnen beachtet.
Fermi arc reconstruction in synthetic photonic lattice
Creators: name: Nguyen, D. -H. -Minh
name: Devescovi, Chiara
name: Nguyen, Dung Xuan
name: Nguyen, Hai Son
name: Bercioux, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chiral surface states of Weyl semimetals have an open Fermi surface called Fermi arc. At the interface between two Weyl semimetals, these Fermi arcs are predicted to hybridize and alter their connectivity. In this letter, we numerically study a one-dimensional (1D) dielectric trilayer grating where the relative displacements between adjacent layers play the role of two synthetic momenta. The lattice emulates 3D crystals without time-reversal symmetry, including Weyl semimetal, nodal line semimetal, and Chern insulator. Besides showing the phase transition between Weyl semimetal and Chern insulator at telecom wavelength, this system allows us to observe the Fermi arc reconstruction between two Weyl semimetals, confirming the theoretical predictions.
description: Main text: 4 pages, 4 figures. Supplemental materials: 19 pages, 18 figures