cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Deliverable D4.2 Synthesis Report on Result Webinars and Events
Creators: name: Buompane, Raffaele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Human Centric Internet
Privacy and Trust Enhancing Technologies

description: This report presents an overview of the activities that were carried out to promote the results of the third-party research and innovation projects on Internet trust and privacy technologies and solutions, funded by NGI Trust.
Chempl: a playable package for modeling interstellar chemistry
Creators: name: Du, Fujun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Astrochemical modeling is needed for understanding the formation and evolution of interstellar molecules, and for extracting physical information from spectroscopic observations of interstellar clouds. The modeling usually involves handling of a chemical reaction network and solution of a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which is traditionally done using code written in compiled languages such as Fortran or C/C++. While being computationally efficient, there is room for improvement in the ease of use and interactivity for such an approach. In this work we present a new public code named Chempl, which emphasizes interactivity in a modern Python environment, while remaining computationally efficient. Common reaction mechanisms and a three-phase formulation of gas-grain chemistry are implemented by default. It is straightforward to run 0D models with Chempl, and only a small amount of additional code is needed to construct 1D or higher dimensional chemical models. We demonstrate its usage with a few astrochemically relevant examples.
description: Accepted by Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Wind Integration into Various Generation Mixtures
Creators: name: Maddaloni, Jesse D.
name: Rowe, Andrew M.
name: Van Kooten, G. Cornelis
name: Maddaloni, Jesse D.
name: Rowe, Andrew M.
name: Van Kooten, G. Cornelis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: wind power integration
subject: generation mixtures
subject: emissions cost

description: A load balance model is used to quantify the economic and environmental effects of integrating wind power into three typical generation mixtures. System operating costs over a specified period are minimized by controlling the operating schedule of existing power generating facilities for a range of wind penetrations. Unlike other studies, variable generator efficiencies, and thus variable fuel costs, are taken into account, as are the ramping constraints on thermal generators. Results indicate that system operating cost will increase by 15% to 110% (pending generation mixture) at a wind penetration of 100% of peak demand. Results also show that some mixtures will exhibit cost reductions on the order of 13% for moderate wind penetrations and high wind farm capacity factors. System emissions also decrease by 13% to 32% (depending on generation mixture) at a wind penetration of 100%. This leads to emission abatement costs in the range of $65 per tonne-CO2e for coal dominated mixtures, but $450 per tonne-CO2e for hydro dominated mixtures. For natural gas dominated mixtures, the introduction of wind power may well be beneficial overall.
Water Markets in Pakistan: Participation and Productivity
Creators: name: Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela
name: Sullins, Martha
name: Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela
name: Sullins, Martha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Water markets provide one of the most promising institutional mechanisms for increasing access to irrigation from groundwater, particularly for tenants and small farmers. While water markets are found in all provinces of Pakistan, they are most prevalent in canal irrigated areas of Punjab and in NWFP. This study reviews the emerging literature on water markets and uses farm-level survey data to examine the performance of groundwater markets, with particular emphasis on Faisalabad District in Punjab and Dir District in NWFP. Findings indicate that, while large landowners are more likely to own tubewells and pumps, smaller landowners and tenants are more likely to rely on purchases from other farmers' tubewells for access to groundwater. The distance over which water can be transported provides a limitation to water market sales, but lined watercourses increase the distance over which tubewell water can be sold. Contractual arrangements for water in the IFPRI study areas of Faisalabad and Dir districts include hourly charges, buyer providing the fuel plus a fee for wear and tear, and sharecropping for water. While all types of irrigation--canal, purchased groundwater, and own tubewell water--are shown to increase yields of wheat, groundwater has a higher impact than canal water, and water from own tubewells, which provides farmers with the greatest degree of control, has a greater effect on yields than purchased groundwater. Unreliability of access to purchased tubewell water was a problem for over half of water buyers in the study areas. This analysis indicates that purchasers are more likely to have unreliable access to groundwater if they buy water from small-capacity, electric-powered tubewells, if they are young and own little or no land. Policy measures to improve access to and reliability of groundwater through water markets include increasing the density of tubewells, especially by assisting small farmers to purchase tubewells; lining water delivery channels; and providing more reliable electrical power supply to rural areas. Further research is needed on how water markets work in less favorable environments, such as those with salinity, waterlogging, or falling water tables, and to identify policy interventions that are appropriate under each set of circumstances.
Large polarons as key quasiparticles in SrTiO3 and SrTiO3-based heterostructures
Creators: name: Geondzhian, Andrey
name: Sambri, Alessia
name: De Luca, Gabriella M.
name: Di Capua, Roberto
name: Di Gennaro, Emiliano
name: Betto, Davide
name: Rossi, Matteo
name: Peng, Ying Ying
name: Fumagalli, Roberto
name: Brookes, Nicholas B.
name: Braicovich, Lucio
name: Gilmore, Keith
name: Ghiringhelli, Giacomo
name: Salluzzo, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite its simple structure and low degree of electronic correlation, SrTiO$_3$ (STO) features collective phenomena linked to charge transport and, ultimately, superconductivity, that are not yet fully explained. Thus, a better insight in the nature of the quasiparticles shaping the electronic and conduction properties of STO is needed. We studied the low energy excitations of bulk STO and of the LaAlO$_{3}$/SrTiO$_{3}$ two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) by Ti L$_3$ edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. In all samples, we find the hallmark of polarons in the form of intense $dd$+phonon excitations, and a decrease of the LO3-mode electron-phonon coupling when going from insulating to highly conducting STO single crystals and heterostructures. Both results are attributed to the dynamic screening of the large polaron self-induced polarization, showing that the low temperature physics of STO and STO-based 2DEGs is dominated by large polaron quasiparticles.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Discovery of Five Very Low Mass Close Binaries, Resolved in the Visible with Lucky Imaging
Creators: name: Law, N. M.
name: Hodgkin, S. T.
name: Mackay, C. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We survey a sample of 32 M5-M8 stars with distance < 40pc for companions with separations between 0.1 arcsec and 1.5 arcsec and with Delta m_i <5. We find five new VLM binaries with separations between 0.15 arcsec and 1.1 arcsec, including a candidate brown dwarf companion. The raw binary fraction is 16% +8/-4% and the distance bias corrected fraction is 7% +7/-3%, for companions within the surveyed range. No systems with contrast ratio Delta m_i>1 were found, even though our survey is sensitive to up to Delta m=5 (well into the brown dwarf regime). The distribution of orbital radii is in broad agreement with previous results, with most systems at 1-5AU, but one detected binary is very wide at 46.8+/-5.0AU. We also serendipitously imaged for the first time a companion to Ross 530, a metal-poor single-lined spectroscopic binary. We used the new Lucky Imaging system LuckyCam on the 2.5m Nordic Optical Telescope to complete the 32 very low mass star i' and z' survey in only 5 hours of telescope time.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures, accepted by MNRAS (minor changes, spectral type constraints tightened)
Confronting the environmental consequences of the Green Revolution in Asia
Creators: name: Pingali, Prabhu L.
name: Rosegrant, Mark W.
name: Pingali, Prabhu L.
name: Rosegrant, Mark W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Intensive double or triple monocropping of rice has caused degradation of the paddy micro environment and reductions in rice yield growth in many irrigated areas in Asia. Problems include increased pest infestation, mining of soil micronutrients, reductions in nutrient-carrying capacity of the soil, build-up of soil toxicity, and salinity and waterlogging. Emerging sustainability problems in intensive rice agriculture show the need for a greater understanding of the physical, biological and ecological consequences of agricultural intensification and greater research attention to long term management of the agricultural resource base.
Table S1 from Southeast Alaskan kelp forests: inferences of process from large-scale patterns of variation in space and time
Creators: name: Gorra, Torrey R.
name: Garcia, Sabrina C. R.
name: Langhans, Michael R.
name: Hoshijima, Umihiko
name: Estes, James A.
name: Raimondi, Pete T.
name: Tinker, M. Tim
name: Kenner, Michael C.
name: Kroeker, Kristy J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Humans were considered external drivers in much foundational ecological research. A recognition that humans are embedded in the complex interaction networks we study can provide new insight into our ecological paradigms. Here, we use time-series data spanning three decades to explore the effects of human harvesting on otter–urchin–kelp trophic cascades in southeast Alaska. These effects were inferred from variation in sea urchin and kelp abundance following the post fur trade repatriation of otters and a subsequent localized reduction of otters by human harvest in one location. In an example of a classic trophic cascade, otter repatriation was followed by a 99% reduction in urchin biomass density and a greater than 99% increase in kelp density region wide. Recent spatially concentrated harvesting of otters was associated with a localized 70% decline in otter abundance in one location, with urchins increasing and kelps declining in accordance with the spatial pattern of otter occupancy within that region. While the otter–urchin–kelp trophic cascade has been associated with alternate community states at the regional scale, this research highlights how small-scale variability in otter occupancy, ostensibly due to spatial variability in harvesting or the risk landscape for otters, can result in within-region patchiness in these community states.
CLIL: A science lesson with breakthrough level young EFL learners
Creators: name: Gabillon, Zehra
name: Ailincai, Rodica
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 200303 English as a Second Language
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: 200302 English Language
subject: 200206 Globalisation and Culture
subject: FOS: Other humanities

description: This paper reports on the implementation of a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) approach to teach a science subject topic to young learners. The participants of the study were 10-11-year-old elementary schoolchildren who lived in Tahiti, French Polynesia. The study comprised four identical lessons: a) two CLIL lessons (English/L2);and b) two science subject lessons (French/L1). The approach used in the lessons drew on the principles of CLIL and sociocultural theories. The study was designed to investigate if CLIL could be applied effectively with beginner-level young learners with 25- to 30-minute English as a Foreign Language (EFL) showers. The study also sought to explore if there would be any observable differences between a CLIL lesson (L2) and a subject lesson (L1) regarding: a) the teaching/learning ofcontent knowledge; b) the learners’ willingness to participate in classroom activities; and c) the types of classroom interactions used. The study employed video recordings to gather data. The videotaped data were transcribed and thetranscribed data were analyzed qualitatively by focusing on classroom exchanges, and non-verbal contextual elements. The data were also analyzed quantitatively by using descriptive statistics, and the results obtained were presented through histograms. The results indicated that successful CLIL practice is possible with Breakthrough level young learners. This study also indicated that dialogic exchanges could be used both as a means for scaffolding content and language learning.
Discovery of an X-ray-Luminous Galaxy Cluster at z=1.4
Creators: name: Mullis, C. R.
name: Rosati, P.
name: Lamer, G.
name: Boehringer, H.
name: Schwope, A.
name: Schuecker, P.
name: Fassbender, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a massive, X-ray-luminous cluster of galaxies at z=1.393, the most distant X-ray-selected cluster found to date. XMMU J2235.3-2557 was serendipitously detected as an extended X-ray source in an archival XMM-Newton observation of NGC 7314. VLT-FORS2 R and z band snapshot imaging reveals an over-density of red galaxies in both angular and color spaces. The galaxy enhancement is coincident in the sky with the X-ray emission; the cluster red sequence at R-z ~ 2.1 identifies it as a high-redshift candidate. Subsequent VLT-FORS2 multi-object spectroscopy unambiguously confirms the presence of a massive cluster based on 12 concordant redshifts in the interval 1.381 cluster found with XMM-Newton, the relative ease and efficiency of discovery demonstrates that it should be possible to build large samples of z>1 clusters through the joint use of X-ray and large, ground-based telescopes.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters, a high-resolution version is available at http://www.astro.lsa.umich.edu/~cmullis/papers/Mullis_et_al_2005a.pdf, additional information is available at http://www.astro.lsa.umich.edu/~cmullis/research/xmmuj2235
Impact of Agricultural Research on Poverty Alleviation: Conceptual Framework With Illustrations From the Literature
Creators: name: Kerr, John M.
name: Kolavalli, Shashidhara
name: Kerr, John M.
name: Kolavalli, Shashidhara
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This paper reviews the literature on the subject of the role of improved agricultural technology in alleviating poverty in developing countries. Focusing primarily on improved cultivars produced by the international agricultural research system, it shows how new technology combines with other socioeconomic and institutional factors to determine poverty alleviation outcomes. Technology’s role in alleviating poverty is both indirect and partial; technology alone cannot overcome poverty, nor can continued poverty be blamed on improved technology. The review is organized into three parts in addition to the introduction and conclusion. Part I introduces poverty (Chapter 2) and the achievements of agricultural research (Chapter 3).
Volbach, W. F.: Spätantike und frühmittelalterliche Stoffe
Creators: name: Schmidt, Heinrich Jakob
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 30 Nr. 1 (1933): Oriens christianus, Band 30, Heft 1
The Importance of the Cosmological Constant for Understanding Dark Matter and Dark Energy
Creators: name: Rüster, Stefan Bernhard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: General Relativity

description: The author has a new interpretation for the cosmological constant. In this context, a fundamental conservation law is found, which also solves the problem of the missing energy-momentum density of the gravitational field in the theory of General Relativity. The cosmological constant is a conserved quantity, which is proportional to the total energy-momentum density in the metric under consideration. Consequently, dark energy is nothing else than the total energy-momentum density in the Friedmann-Lemâitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric, which is proportional to its cosmological constant, that drives the accelerated expansion of our universe. Dark matter arises from the total energy-momentum density in any other metric under consideration than the FLRW metric for our cosmos. Consequently, dark matter is related to the cosmological constant of the respective considered metrics. The rotation curves of spiral galaxies become flat for a cosmological constant of about approximately minus thousand times its universal value. They also increase at large distances from the galactic center, which is in agreement with observations. It is shown, that dark matter is not detected by gravitational lensing.
Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Southeast Alaskan kelp forests: inferences of process from large-scale patterns of variation in space and time
Creators: name: Gorra, Torrey R.
name: Garcia, Sabrina C. R.
name: Langhans, Michael R.
name: Hoshijima, Umihiko
name: Estes, James A.
name: Raimondi, Pete T.
name: Tinker, M. Tim
name: Kenner, Michael C.
name: Kroeker, Kristy J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Humans were considered external drivers in much foundational ecological research. A recognition that humans are embedded in the complex interaction networks we study can provide new insight into our ecological paradigms. Here, we use time-series data spanning three decades to explore the effects of human harvesting on otter–urchin–kelp trophic cascades in southeast Alaska. These effects were inferred from variation in sea urchin and kelp abundance following the post fur trade repatriation of otters and a subsequent localized reduction of otters by human harvest in one location. In an example of a classic trophic cascade, otter repatriation was followed by a 99% reduction in urchin biomass density and a greater than 99% increase in kelp density region wide. Recent spatially concentrated harvesting of otters was associated with a localized 70% decline in otter abundance in one location, with urchins increasing and kelps declining in accordance with the spatial pattern of otter occupancy within that region. While the otter–urchin–kelp trophic cascade has been associated with alternate community states at the regional scale, this research highlights how small-scale variability in otter occupancy, ostensibly due to spatial variability in harvesting or the risk landscape for otters, can result in within-region patchiness in these community states.
Effective temperature in the quench of coarsening systems to and below $T_C$
Creators: name: Corberi, Federico
name: Lippiello, Eugenio
name: Zannetti, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We overview the general scaling behavior of the effective temperature in the que nches of simple non disordered systems, like ferromagnets, to and below $T_C$. Emphasis is on the behavior as d imensionality is varied. Consequences on the shape of the asymptotic parametric representation are derived. In particu lar, this is always trivial in the critical quenches with $T_C>0$. We clarify that the quench to $T_C=0$ at the lower critical dimensionality $d_L$, cannot be regarded as a critical quench. Implications for the behavior of the exponent $a$ of the aging response function in the quenches below $T_C$ are developed.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures. To be published on Jstat
Fundamental solutions of the Dirac operator in the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker spacetime
Creators: name: Yagdjian, Karen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35L40, 35L45

description: The equation of the spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ particles in the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker spacetime is investigated. The retarded and advanced fundamental solutions to the Dirac operator and generalized Dirac operator as well as the fundamental solutions to the Cauchy problem are written in explicit form via the fundamental solution of the wave equation in the Minkowski spacetime.
New Approaches to Crop Yield Insurance in Developing Countries
Creators: name: Skees, Jerry R.
name: Hazell, Peter B.R.
name: Miranda, Mario J.
name: Skees, Jerry R.
name: Hazell, Peter B.R.
name: Miranda, Mario J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Natural disasters can be extremely disruptive to farmers and to others whose incomes depend on a successful crop. Society can gain from more efficient sharing of crop and natural disaster risks. However, the costs associated with traditional agricultural risk programs have historically exceeded the gains from improved risk sharing. This paper explores government intervention in agricultural risk markets and discusses new approaches to risk sharing with limited government involvement. In particular, we build the case for introducing negotiable state-contingent contracts settled on area crop yield estimates or locally appropriate weather indices. These instruments could replace traditional crop insurance at a lower cost to government while meeting the risk management needs of a wider clientele.
Tableau complexes
Creators: name: Knutson, Allen
name: Miller, Ezra
name: Yong, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let X,Y be finite sets and T a set of functions from X -> Y which we will call "tableaux". We define a simplicial complex whose facets, all of the same dimension, correspond to these tableaux. Such "tableau complexes" have many nice properties, and are frequently homeomorphic to balls, which we prove using vertex decompositions. In our motivating example, the facets are labeled by semistandard Young tableaux, and the more general interior faces are labeled by Buch's set-valued semistandard tableaux. One vertex decomposition of this "Young tableau complex" parallels Lascoux's transition formula for vexillary double Grothendieck polynomials. Consequently, we obtain formulae (both old and new) for these polynomials. In particular, we present a common generalization of the formulae of Wachs and Buch, each of which implies the classical tableau formula for Schur polynomials.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures. v2: rephrased Theorem 4.5 (K-polynomial formula), added Example 4.6 (h-vector calculation), added Remark 3.5 (connections to matroids)
Columbimenopon chanabensis Ansari 1951
Creators: name: Naz, Saima
name: Najer, Tomas
name: Gustafsson, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Phthiraptera
Menoponidae
Columbimenopon
Columbimenopon chanabensis

description: Columbimenopon chanabensis Ansari, 1951
 Columbimenopon chanabensis Ansari, 1951: 133, figs 2a–d.
 Current status: Nosopon chanabense (Ansari, 1951); Tendeiro 1959: 201; Price et al. 2003: 133.
 Type host: Gyps himalayensis Hume.
 Type locality: Faisalabad [as Lyallpur, Punjab], Pakistan.
 Type material: Holotype female deposited in the NHML [slide NHML010662927] and one paratype female also in the NHML [slide NHML010662928].
description: Published as part of Naz, Saima, Najer, Tomas & Gustafsson, Daniel R., 2020, An annotated list of the species of lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) described by Mohammad A. - R. Ansari, pp. 401-448 in Zootaxa 4809 (3) on pages 407-408, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4809.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3936752
Krein's Formula And Heat-Kernel Expansion For Some Differential Operators With A Regular Singularity
Creators: name: Falomir, H.
name: Pisani, P. A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Q10, 34L05, 34L40

description: We get a generalization of Krein's formula -which relates the resolvents of different selfadjoint extensions of a differential operator with regular coefficients- to the non-regular case $A=-\partial_x^2+(ν^2-1/4)/x^2+V(x)$, where $0
description: Submitted to Journal of Physics A, special issue corresponding to QFEXT'05, The Seventh Workshop on Quantum Field Theory under the Influence of External Conditions; IEEC, CSIC and University of Barcelona. Barcelona, Spain, 5-9 September 2005 (9 pages.)
Tráfico Humano: Um Panorama do Fluxo de Brasileiras para Fins de Exploração Sexual na Região das Guianas
Creators: name: Silva, Brenda Farias Da
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160607 International Relations
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Gender studies
subject: 180114 Human Rights Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: A Região das Guianas, localizada no norte da América do Sul, é composta por cinco Estados: Venezuela, Brasil, República Cooperativa da Guiana e Coletividade Territorial da Guiana Francesa. Há uma extensa reserva de recursos naturais na região, como ouro e diamantes, o que leva à instalação de garimpos – formais e informais – e estes trazem consigo problemas como tráficos de armas, drogas e humano. Esse último ultrapassa fronteiras e atinge, segundo dados de 2016, quase 64 mil vítimas. Na região, o tráfico de seres humanos é, em sua maioria, para fins de exploração laboral e exploração sexual. Este relatório técnico tem por objetivo identificar qual a situação do tráfico de brasileiras para fins de exploração sexual na região das Guianas e como se dá o fluxo de vítimas provenientes do Brasil para os demais países da região. No primeiro capítulo, abordamos o aspecto metodológico do relatório; em seguida, tratamos da abordagem teórica sobre tráfico humano em perspectiva global; no terceiro trazemos um panorama geral dos países da região das Guianas, focando no papel dos garimpos de ouro e, por fim, abordamos os dados oficiais referente ao tráfico humano nos países da região de forma geral ao tráfico de brasileiras para fins de exploração sexual. A metodologia utilizada foi baseada em pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas em campo entre novembro e dezembro de 2017. Os resultados da pesquisa têm como objetivo contribuir como instrumento de auxílio para pesquisadores, instituições e formadores de opinião no que diz respeito à elaboração de políticas públicas para prevenção e combate ao tráfico de brasileiras para fins de exploração sexual na região das Guianas.
The Importance of the Cosmological Constant for Understanding Dark Matter and Dark Energy
Creators: name: Rüster, Stefan Bernhard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: General Relativity

description: The author has a new interpretation for the cosmological constant. In this context, a fundamental conservationlaw is found, which also solves the problem of the missing energy-momentum density of the gravitational field inthe theory of General Relativity. The cosmological constant is a conserved quantity, which is proportional to thetotal energy-momentum density in the metric under consideration. Consequently, dark energy is nothing elsethan the total energy-momentum density in the Friedmann-Lemaˆıtre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric, which isproportional to its cosmological constant, that drives the accelerated expansion of our universe. Dark matterarises from the total energy-momentum density in any other metric under consideration than the FLRW metricfor our cosmos. Consequently, dark matter is related to the cosmological constant of the respective consideredmetrics. The rotation curves of spiral galaxies become flat for a cosmological constant of about approximatelyminus thousand times its universal value. They also increase at large distances from the galactic center, which isin agreement with observations. It is shown, that dark matter is not detected by gravitational lensing.
Composite vortex-ring solitons in Bessel photonic lattices
Creators: name: Kartashov, Yaroslav V.
name: Vysloukh, Victor A.
name: Torner, Lluis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reveal the existence of dynamically stable composite topological solitons in Bessel photonic lattices imprinted in focusing Kerr-type nonlinear media. The new stable composite solitons are made of a vortex-ring with unit topological charge incoherently coupled to a fundamental soliton. The stabilization of the otherwise highly azimuthally unstable vortex-rings is provided under suitable conditions, which we study in detail, by cross-phase-modulation coupling with the fundamental soliton companion.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Testing Gravity-Driven Collapse of the Wavefunction via Cosmogenic Neutrinos
Creators: name: Christian, Joy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is pointed out that the Diosi-Penrose ansatz for gravity-induced quantum state reduction can be tested by observing oscillations in the flavor ratios of neutrinos originated at cosmological distances. Since such a test would be almost free of environmental decoherence, testing the ansatz by means of a next generation neutrino detector such as IceCube would be much cleaner than by experiments proposed so far involving superpositions of macroscopic systems. The proposed microscopic test would also examine the universality of superposition principle at unprecedented cosmological scales.
description: 4 pages; RevTeX4; Essentially the version published in PRL
Are Returns to Public Investment Lower in Less-favored Rural Areas?: An Empirical Analysis of India
Creators: name: Fan, Shenggen
name: Hazell, Peter B.R.
name: Fan, Shenggen
name: Hazell, Peter B.R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: International Development

description: Developing countries allocate scarce government funds to investments in rural areas to achieve the twin goals of agricultural growth and poverty alleviation. Choices have to be made between different types of investments, especially infrastructure, human capital and agricultural research, and between different types of agricultural regions, e.g., irrigated and high- and low-potential rainfed areas. This paper develops an econometric approach and provides empirical evidence on the impact of government investments in rural India using district-level data. While irrigated areas played a key role in agricultural growth during the Green Revolution era, our results show that it is now the rainfed areas, including many less-favored areas that offer the most growth for an additional unit of investment. Moreover, investments in rainfed areas have a much larger impact on poverty alleviation, making this a win-win development strategy. These results have important policy implications, and challenge conventional thinking that public investments in rural India should always be targeted to irrigated and other high-potential areas.
Hobeika, Pierre: Virgo Maria realiter Mater Dei
Creators: name: Rücker, Adolf
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 30 Nr. 1 (1933): Oriens christianus, Band 30, Heft 1
Low-frequency source imaging in an acoustic waveguide
Creators: name: Garnier, Josselin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R30, 35L05, 65M32

description: Time-harmonic far-field source array imaging in a two-dimensional waveguide is analyzed. A low-frequency situation is considered in which the diameter of the waveguide is slightly larger than the wavelength, so that the waveguide supports a limited number of guided modes, and the diameter of the antenna array is smaller than the wavelength, so that the standard resolution formulas in open media predict very poor imaging resolution. A general framework to analyze the resolution and stability performances of such antenna arrays is introduced. It is shown that planar antenna arrays perform better (in terms of resolution and stability with respect to measurement noise) than linear (horizontal or vertical) arrays and that vertical linear arrays perform better than horizontal arrays, for a given diameter. However a fundamental limitation to imaging in waveguides is identified that is due to the form of the dispersion relation. It is intrinsic to scalar waves, whatever the complexity of the medium and the array geometry.
Past and Future Sources of Growth For China
Creators: name: Fan, Shenggen
name: Zhang, Xiaobo
name: Robinson, Sherman
name: Fan, Shenggen
name: Zhang, Xiaobo
name: Robinson, Sherman
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: International Development

description: This study develops an analytical framework to account for sources of rapid economic growth in China. The traditional Solow approach includes only two sources, i.e. increased use of inputs and technical change. We expanded the approach to include a third source of economic growth—structural change. The empirical results show that structural change has contributed to growth significantly by reallocating resources from low productivity to high productivity sectors, especially by moving labor from agricultural production to rural enterprises. We also found that the returns to capital investment in both agricultural production and rural enterprises are much higher than those in urban sectors, indicating underinvestment in rural areas. On the other hand, labor productivity in the agricultural sector remains low, a result of the still large surpluses of labor in the sector. Therefore, the further development of rural enterprises and increase in labor flow among sectors and across regions are key to improvements in overall economic efficiency.
Digital nutrient management decision support and environmental footprints of maize intensification: A Randomized evaluation from Nigeria
Creators: name: Oyinbo, Oyakhilome
name: Oyinbo, Oyakhilome
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Extension advice
subject: environmental sustainability
subject: fertilizer recommendations
subject: greenhouse gas emissions
subject: Nutrient Expert
subject: randomized controlled trial

description: Agricultural intensification associated with increased use of external inputs, such as inorganic fertilizer is widely considered relevant to improving farm income and welfare of smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa. The emphasis on increased use of inorganic fertilizer will likely be associated with increased greenhouse gas emissions, especially nitrous oxide, as with the Asian Green Revolution. Yet, traditional agricultural extension systems typically provide generalized ‘blanket’ fertilizer recommendations that are not tailored to the plot-specific growing conditions of individual farmers, which could lead to negative environmental externalities. Within this context, a digital nutrient management decision support tool ‘Nutrient Expert’ has been co-developed in Nigeria to enable the extension system to transition from provision of generalized to plot-specific fertilizer recommendations. Using a three-year randomized controlled trial in northern Nigeria, this paper analyses the impact of farmers’ access to site-specific nutrient management recommendations, provided through the Nutrient Expert tool on environmental sustainability of maize intensification. The primary outcome of interest is global warming potential (greenhouse gas emission per unit maize yield), measured using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Tier 1 method. The preliminary results show that the provision of tailored recommendations to the treatment group led to a reduction in global warming potential compared with the control group, who were exposed to blanket recommendations. However, the observed effect size is small, and the effect is not statistically significant at the conventional significance levels. A plausible reason could be due to the on average, low fertilizer application rates in the study area compared with the often cited over application of fertilizer in most parts of Asia. Overall,this paper finds weak evidence of the causal effects of farmer-tailored nutrient management extension advice on mitigating the environmental impacts of fertilizer intensification under farmers’ conditions and management in maize-based farming systems of northern Nigeria.
Economic Efficiency of Compost Production: The Case of Israel
Creators: name: Kan, Iddo
name: Ayalon, Ofira
name: Federman, Roy
name: Kan, Iddo
name: Ayalon, Ofira
name: Federman, Roy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Compost
subject: Economics
subject: Livestock-Manure
subject: Mathematical-Programming
subject: Municipal-Solid-Waste
subject: Waste-Water-Treatment-Sludge

description: This paper presents a comprehensive economic analysis of recycling organic wastes through composting. A mathematical programming model is developed to examine the optimal level of compost production from sources of organic municipal solid waste, livestock manure and wastewater-treatment sludge. The model incorporates the spatial nature of the problem by referring to the locations of the sources for raw organic matter, of the composting plants and agricultural regions. Agricultural demand for compost is derived using estimated production functions for 42 crops, price elasticity of the vegetative agricultural outputs, and farmers' stated willingness to utilize compost. The model accounts for the costs of waste collection, compost production, transportation and landfilling; all include both direct costs and externalities. The optimal allocation of raw materials and outputs is achieved when the financial contribution of the composting system is maximized relative to the alternative of disposing of these organic wastes in landfills. We apply the model to the case of Israel. Today, despite the relatively high levels of organic material in municipal solid waste, the scarcity of landfill sites, and the low level of organic content in agricultural soils, only 37% of Israel's composting potential is realized. Subject to compliance with new environmental regulations, our analysis points to the possibility of an 89% composting rate, in which all livestock manure and sludge are composted, but only 75% of the organic municipal solid waste is utilized in this manner. This finding supports the strict enforcement of these environmental regulations, and indicates the need for a composting encouraging policy. However, regulations aimed at increasing the rate of municipal solid waste recycling should leave enough freedom for municipalities to select their waste disposal strategies. It is also concluded that, given the high costs of separating municipal waste at the 2 source, the government can increase composting rates by initializing and stimulating the formation of regional cooperation to ensure steady long run consumption of raw organic materials. Moreover, the government can increase agricultural demand for compost by both setting clear standards for high quality compost, and spreading the scientific information on the advantages of composting via the governmental agricultural instruction system. The presented methodology is applicable to other cases, as is the scientific-based data, which include the external costs and the compost production functions. This information is relevant for regions facing the same challenges, particularly where the soil's organic content is less than 2%; e.g., Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece.
Aspects of the biology of entomogenous fungi and their associations with arthropods
Creators: name: Jovel Ayala, Eduardo Méliton
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: I investigated several aspects of the biology of entomogenous fungi (mostly Clavicipitaceae with few species of Hypocreaceae). My primary motive in this research was to gain an understanding of the interactions between entomogenous fungi and arthropods. My study included field collections and identification of entomogenous fungi from BC and a few collections from Peru and Idaho. I addressed some aspects of the interactions among arthropods and fungi, life histories of fungi under laboratory conditions, and observations of chemical changes of fungi growing in the presence of heavy metals. About fifty entomogenous fungi were collected in the province, mainly as anamorphs, but this permitted isolation and cultivation of many species. Of special interest is a small group of fungi parasitic on spiders some of which may be new records for western Canada. Interactions of entomogenous fungi and heavy metals yielded a cerebroside not detected, or known to be produced, in the absence of heavy metals. This compound showed antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The induction of this cerebroside by exposure to copper also is a promising approach to obtaining new drugs, or to increase the yield of selected compounds, from these organisms. The biological activities of other extracts were assessed, demonstrating additional compounds of interest (e.g., antiviral, antibacterial, phototoxic and antifungal substances). Cultures grown on substances rich in oils and proteins (nuts and seeds) appeared to induce development beyond the anamorph stage to early teleomorph form. No perithecia developed although large synnemata and relatively bright pigmentation were observed. The ability to induce complete development of ascocarps would be of laboratory interest in the possible production of substances from wild ascocarps. Cultures obtained in this study will be deposited in the Canadian National Culture Collection, Ottawa, in the Canadian Culture Collection (UBC). Further research remains necessary to fully understand the relationship between teleomorph and anamorph stages of entomogenous fungi, their nutritional requirements, for the production of teleomorph stages under laboratory conditions, and particularly to establish systems that may allow a chemical exploration for new drugs. The preliminary studies of anti-arthropod activity by entomogenous fungi were partially successful in controlling a variety of laboratory-reared and naturally growing arthropods. The production of bio-pesticides is currently of great interest because of the problems with chemical pesticides and environmental pollution. Gaining a better understanding of the biology of these organisms will allow us to develop new genetic strains of species for both biopesticides and biosynthetic applications. Both kinds of substances can contribute to maintain the health and equilibrium of the coastal temperate rainforest of the Pacific Northwest.
Effective Hamiltonians in quantum physics: resonances and geometric phase
Creators: name: Rau, A. R. P.
name: Uskov, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effective Hamiltonians are often used in quantum physics, both in time dependent and time independent contexts. Analogies are drawn between the two usages, the discussion framed particularly for the geometric phase of a time-dependent Hamiltonian and for resonances as stationary states of a time-independent Hamiltonian.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Environmental Amenities and Optimal Agricultural Land Use: The Case of Israel
Creators: name: Kan, Iddo
name: Haim, David
name: Rapaport-Rom, Mickey
name: Shechter, Mordechai
name: Kan, Iddo
name: Haim, David
name: Rapaport-Rom, Mickey
name: Shechter, Mordechai
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: agricultural land use
subject: environmental amenities
subject: optimizing social welfare

description: This paper evaluates the effectiveness of changing land allocation among crops as a mechanism for increasing social welfare, where production profits and amenity benefits are augmented. A positive mathematical programming model is calibrated and applied to the northern part of Israel, using a crop-discriminating amenity-benefits function. Changes in land allocation increase social welfare by 2.4% nationwide, and by up to 15% on the regional level. Regional scale farming-profit losses amount to up to 6%. Due to the decreasing-return-to-scale nature of the amenity-benefits function, the inter-regional variability appears sensitive to the manner in which the country is divided into regions.
Measuring Price Transmission in the International Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Supply Chain: The Case of Israeli Grapefruit Exports to the EU
Creators: name: Goetz, Linde
name: Von Cramon-Taubadel, Stephan
name: Kachel, Yael
name: Goetz, Linde
name: Von Cramon-Taubadel, Stephan
name: Kachel, Yael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008

description: We study vertical price transmission between Israel and the EU in the imperfectly competitive Israeli citrus export sector, which emerged after the former parastatal marketing board was liberalised in 1991. We find evidence of positive asymmetry in price transmission, implying that Israeli exporters’ profits increase at the expense of grapefruit growers, and we argue that this is evidence that Israeli citrus exporters exert market power vis-à-vis Israeli citrus growers. This study is unique in investigating vertical price transmission in the international supply chain for fresh fruits and vegetables (FFV). International FFV trade is especially susceptible to the abuse of market power since transparency regarding the determination of the grower price is often very low. In our model approach we explicitly account for possible changes in exporters’ pricing behaviour in the post-liberalization period. The analysis finds that exporters transmitted changes in EU import prices to Israeli growers asymmetrically in the volatile phase directly after liberalization, but symmetrically in the calm phase thereafter. Furthermore, results suggest that the measured asymmetry in price transmission is economically significant. Overall, our study demonstrates that liberalization improved the efficiency of Israel’s international citrus marketing channel, although this took time and was probably accelerated by government market intervention.