Additional file 1 of Associations between types and sources of dietary carbohydrates and cardiovascular disease risk: a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank participants
Creators: name: Kelly, Rebecca K.
name: Tong, Tammy Y. N.
name: Watling, Cody Z.
name: Reynolds, Andrew
name: Piernas, Carmen
name: Schmidt, Julie A.
name: Papier, Keren
name: Carter, Jennifer L.
name: Key, Timothy J.
name: Perez-Cornago, Aurora
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental methods. Assessment of covariates; Measurement and analyses of triglycerides in lipoprotein classes. Table S1. Description of types and sources of dietary carbohydrates. Table S2. Outcome definitions for incident CVD and exclusion criteria for prevalent CVD and diabetes. Table S3. Triglyceride concentrations measured by NMR spectroscopy flagged as being below the limit of quantification in 26,095 UK Biobank participants. Table S4. Baseline characteristics across quartiles of total carbohydrate intake in 110,497 UK Biobank participants. Table S5. Baseline characteristics across quartiles of free sugar intake in 110,497 UK Biobank participants. Table S6. Baseline characteristics across quartiles of fibre intake in 110,497 UK Biobank participants. Table S7. Carbohydrate intakes in grams per day and percentage of energy intake by quartiles of carbohydrate intakes. Table S8. Types and sources of carbohydrates in grams per day and percentage of energy intake by quartiles of total carbohydrate intake. Table S9. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the associations between types and sources of carbohydrates and acute myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and haemorrhagic stroke risk in 110,497 UK Biobank participants. Table S10. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the associations between carbohydrate intakes and incidence of total CVD in 110,497 UK Biobank participants with adjustment for key cardiometabolic risk factors. Table S11. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the associations between carbohydrate intakes and incidence of IHD in 110,497 UK Biobank participants with adjustment for key cardiometabolic risk factors. Table S12. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the associations between carbohydrate intakes and incidence of total stroke in 110,497 UK Biobank participants with adjustment for key cardiometabolic risk factors. Table S13. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the associations between carbohydrate intakes and total CVD, IHD and total stroke risk in sensitivity analyses restricting to participants with ≥ three 24-h dietary assessments (n=67,218). Table S14. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the associations between carbohydrate intakes and total CVD, IHD and total stroke risk in sensitivity analyses restricting to participants with ≥ two years of follow-up (n=109,682). Table S15. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the associations between intake of refined grain foods and wholegrain foods in grams and total CVD, IHD and total stroke risk (n=110,497). Table S16. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the associations between types of carbohydrate and total CVD, IHD and total stroke risk in 110,497 UK Biobank participants by sex subgroups. Table S17. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the associations between types of carbohydrate and total CVD, IHD and total stroke risk in 110,497 UK Biobank participants by BMI subgroups. Table S18. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the associations between types of carbohydrate and total CVD, IHD and total stroke risk in 110,497 UK Biobank participants by smoking status subgroups. Table S19. Associations between each 5% of energy from free sugars and concentrations of total triglycerides and triglycerides in lipoprotein subclasses in minimally adjusted linear regression models in 26,095 UK Biobank participants. Table S20. Associations between each 5% of energy from free sugars and concentrations of total triglycerides and triglycerides in lipoprotein subclasses in sensitivity analyses restricting to participants fasting for ≥ 4 h prior to serum collection (n=11,076). Table S21. Associations between each 5% of energy from free sugars and concentrations of total triglycerides and triglycerides in lipoprotein subclasses in sensitivity analyses restricting to participants with all triglyceride measurements above the limit of quantification (n=21,865). Fig. S1 Dietary assessments in subsample of 110,497 UK Biobank participants included in our main analyses. Fig. S2 Top five food contributors to total carbohydrates and types of carbohydrates in 110,497 UK Biobank participants.