cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High-field quantum calculation reveals time-dependent negative Kerr contribution
Creators: name: Béjot, Pierre
name: Cormier, Eric
name: Hertz, Edouard
name: Lavorel, Bruno
name: Kasparian, Jérôme
name: Wolf, Jean-Pierre
name: Faucher, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exact quantum time-dependent optical response of hydrogen under strong field near infrared excitation is investigated and compared to the perturbative model widely used for describing the effective atomic polarization induced by intense laser fields. By solving the full 3D time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we exhibit a supplementary, quasi-instantaneous defocusing contribution missing in the weak-field model of polarization. We show that this effect is far from being negligible in particular when closures of ionization channels occur and stems from the interaction of electrons with their parent ions. It provides an interpretation to higher-order Kerr effect recently observed in various gases.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Readmission prediction via deep contextual embedding of clinical concepts
Creators: name: Xiao, Cao
name: Ma, Tengfei
name: Dieng, Adji Bousso
name: Blei, David Meir
name: Wang, Fei
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Computer science
Hospital utilization--Forecasting
Hospital records
Neural networks (Computer science)

description: Objective
Hospital readmission costs a lot of money every year. Many hospital readmissions are avoidable, and excessive hospital readmissions could also be harmful to the patients. Accurate prediction of hospital readmission can effectively help reduce the readmission risk. However, the complex relationship between readmission and potential risk factors makes readmission prediction a difficult task. The main goal of this paper is to explore deep learning models to distill such complex relationships and make accurate predictions.

Materials and methods
We propose CONTENT, a deep model that predicts hospital readmissions via learning interpretable patient representations by capturing both local and global contexts from patient Electronic Health Records (EHR) through a hybrid Topic Recurrent Neural Network (TopicRNN) model. The experiment was conducted using the EHR of a real world Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) cohort of 5,393 patients.

Results
The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods in readmission prediction (e.g. 0.6103 ± 0.0130 vs. second best 0.5998 ± 0.0124 in terms of ROC-AUC). The derived patient representations were further utilized for patient phenotyping. The learned phenotypes provide more precise understanding of readmission risks.

Discussion
Embedding both local and global context in patient representation not only improves prediction performance, but also brings interpretable insights of understanding readmission risks for heterogeneous chronic clinical conditions.

Conclusion
This is the first of its kind model that integrates the power of both conventional deep neural network and the probabilistic generative models for highly interpretable deep patient representation learning. Experimental results and case studies demonstrate the improved performance and interpretability of the model.
Fermi-surface reconstruction involving two Van Hove singularities across the antiferromagnetic transition in BaFe2As2
Creators: name: Nakashima, Y.
name: Ino, A.
name: Nagato, S.
name: Anzai, H.
name: Iwasawa, H.
name: Utsumi, Y.
name: Sato, H.
name: Arita, M.
name: Namatame, H.
name: Taniguchi, M.
name: Oguchi, T.
name: Aiura, Y.
name: Hase, I.
name: Kihou, K.
name: Lee, C. H.
name: Iyo, A.
name: Eisaki, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an angle-resolved photoemission study of BaFe2As2, a parent compound of iron-based superconductors. Low-energy tunable excitation photons have allowed the first observation of a saddle-point singularity at the Z point, as well as the Gamma point. With antiferromagnetic ordering, both of these two van Hove singularities come down below the Fermi energy, leading to a topological change in the innermost Fermi surface around the kz axis from cylindrical to tear-shaped, as expected from first-principles calculation. These singularities may provide an additional instability for the Fermi surface of the superconductors derived from BaFe2As2.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Decisions with naturalistic choice problems
Creators: name: Sudeep Bhatia
name: Walasek, Lukasz
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Other Psychology
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This study aims to analyze how people choose in naturalistic choice problems, using Reddit posts as stimuli. The study will explore correlations within and between responses to posts that share similar attribute tradeoffs.
The ineffective securitization of human trafficking in Southeast Asia : puzzles and problems
Creators: name: McKee, Karen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Human trafficking is a serious and growing global concern, and Southeast Asia has emerged as a particular trafficking hub. Many actors, both internationally and on a state level, have responded to this concern with securitization: in other words, they have presented human trafficking as an existential threat which should be responded to with extraordinary measures. However, successful rhetorical securitization does not always translate to policy effectiveness, and Southeast Asia’s notorious problems with human trafficking remain pressing and relatively unattended to. The clear disjuncture between rhetorical and effective securitization in the region challenges the traditional assumption within the Copenhagen School that speech acts are sufficient to securitize a given issue. Furthermore, the School’s western orientation and inattention to local contexts is problematic when applying it outside of a western context. A revised model that accepts a differentiation between rhetorical and effective securitization and distances itself from a Euro-American conception of the state is far more useful in understanding the securitization of human trafficking in the region. To demonstrate my arguments, I will investigate the cases of Thailand and Cambodia, primarily relying on archival evidence, internet sources, and official documents.
Additional file 1 of Impacts of allopolyploidization and structural variation on intraspecific diversification in Brassica rapa
Creators: name: Cai, Xu
name: Chang, Lichun
name: Zhang, Tingting
name: Chen, Haixu
name: Zhang, Lei
name: Lin, Runmao
name: Liang, Jianli
name: Wu, Jian
name: Freeling, Michael
name: Wang, Xiaowu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary note.
Delta F = 2 observables and B -> X_q gamma decays in the Left-Right Model: Higgs particles striking back
Creators: name: Blanke, Monika
name: Buras, Andrzej J.
name: Gemmler, Katrin
name: Heidsieck, Tillmann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a complete study of Delta S = 2 and Delta B = 2 processes in the left-right model (LRM) based on the weak gauge group SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R x U(1)_{B-L}. This includes epsilon_K, Delta M_K, Delta M_q, A_{SL}^q, Delta Gamma_q with q=d,s and the CP asymmetries S_{psi K_S} and S_{psi phi}. Compared to the Standard Model (SM) these observables are affected by tree level contributions from heavy neutral Higgs particles (H^0) as well as new box diagrams with W_R gauge boson and charged Higgs (H^\pm) exchanges. We also analyse the B -> X_{s,d} gamma decays that receive important new contributions from the W_L-W_R mixing and H^\pm exchanges. Compared to the existing literature the novel feature of our analysis is the search for correlations between various observables that could help us to distinguish this model from other extensions of the SM and to obtain an insight into the structure of the mixing matrix V^R that governs right-handed currents. We find that even for M_{H^0} ~ M_{H^\pm} ~ O(20)TeV, the tree level H^0 contributions to Delta F = 2 observables are by far dominant and the H^\pm contributions to B -> X_q gamma can be very important, even dominant for certain parameters of the model. While in a large fraction of the parameter space this model has to struggle with the experimental constraint from epsilon_K, we demonstrate that there exist regions in parameter space which satisfy all existing Delta F = 2, B -> X_{s,d} gamma, tree level decays and electroweak precision constraints for scales M_{W_R}\simeq2-3TeV in the reach of the LHC. We also show that the S_{psi K_S} - epsilon_K tension present in the SM can be removed in the LRM. However, we point out that the LRM cannot help in explaining the difference between the inclusive and exclusive determinations of |V_{ub}|, when all constraints are taken into account. Finally we present a rather complete list of Feynman rules.
description: 88 pages, 27 figures. Clarifying comments and few references added, matches published version
Exploratory analysis of the ecological variables associated with sexual health profiles in high-risk, sexually-active female learners in rural KwaZulu-Natal
Creators: name: Humphries, Hilton
name: Osman, Farzana
name: Knight, Lucia
name: Abdool Karim, Quarraisha
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Women--Sexual behavior
Sexual health
Teenagers--Sexual behavior
Epidemiology
Public health

description: Purpose
Young women are at high risk for negative sexual health outcomes. Despite their high risk, many sexually-active women never experience negative sexual health outcomes. This study explored the ecological risk factors associated with the risk profiles of sexually-active female high school-learners in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Methods
Using baseline data from N = 596 sexually-active school-going women, we explored the ecological factors associated with being sexually-active and managing risk successfully [SARS] or unsuccessfully [SARU]. Generalised estimated equations (GEE) were applied to data collected at multiple levels while adjusting for school and other included variables. GEE were used to calculate probability of being SARU.

Results
Amongst SARU learners, 21.9% had HIV, 38.6% had HSV-2, 12.5% were pregnant, 28.7% self-reported STI symptoms and 51.9% reported a previous pregnancy. Individual-level factors had the greatest impact on being SARU. Univariate and multivariate analysis highlighted several important partner factors associated with SARU. Age was significantly associated with the risk profiles (p<0.0001), a greater proportion of SARU learners were 18 or older compared to the SARS learners. The odds of being SARU decreased when ≥18 years (aOR = 0.2577, 95% CI 0.1462–0.4542) or if not falling pregnant was important (aOR = 0.6343, 95% CI 0.4218–0.9538). Having >1 HIV test (aOR = 2.2161, 95% CI 1.3964–3.5169) increased the odds a SARU profile.

Conclusion
Individual and partner level factors are important for the sexual health profile of an adolescent female. While the exploratory findings require further research; managing multiple sexual health outcomes, tailoring responses around a risk profile and including partners is essential for successful interventions.
Leiopus femoratus Fairmaire 1859
Creators: name: Mistletoe, Insects Associated With The European
name: Album, Viscum
name: Ukraine, In Western Part Of
name: Zamoroka, A Pilot Study A. M.
name: Shparyk, V. Yu.
name: Dovhaniuk, I. Ya.
name: Varga, O. O.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Leiopus
Leiopus femoratus

description: Leiopus femoratus Fairmaire, 1859
R e a r e d m a t e r i a l. Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivsk Region: Sokil, 13.10.2013, 100 specimens, ex larva, Maydan, 28.02.2014, 29 specimens, ex larva; Ivano-Frankivsk, 16.02.2014, 262 specimens, ex larva; Tsenzhiv, 28.02.2014, 14 specimens, ex larva (A. Zamoroka & V. Shparyk) (PUIF).
 Biology. An invasive Mediterranean species that is expanding its range northwards (Zamoroka & Kapeliukh, 2012; Zamoroka, 2022). The larvae are polyphagous on deciduous trees. Viscum album is a new and previously unknown food plant for L. femoratus. Adults probably feed on phloem of twigs and thin branches (Zamoroka & Kapeliukh, 2016).
description: Published as part of Mistletoe, Insects Associated With The European, Album, Viscum, Ukraine, In Western Part Of, Zamoroka, A Pilot Study A. M., Shparyk, V. Yu., Dovhaniuk, I. Ya. & Varga, O. O., 2023, Insects Associated with the European Mistletoe (Viscum album) in Western Ukraine: a Pilot Study, pp. 433-450 in Zoodiversity 57 (5) on page 435, DOI: 10.15407/zoo2023.05.433, http://zenodo.org/record/10134656
Approximated maximum likelihood estimation in multifractal random walks
Creators: name: Løvsletten, Ola
name: Rypdal, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We present an approximated maximum likelihood method for the multifractal random walk processes of [E. Bacry et al., Phys. Rev. E 64, 026103 (2001)]. The likelihood is computed using a Laplace approximation and a truncation in the dependency structure for the latent volatility. The procedure is implemented as a package in the R computer language. Its performance is tested on synthetic data and compared to an inference approach based on the generalized method of moments. The method is applied to estimate parameters for various financial stock indices.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables
Age is not just a number: Naive T cells increase their ability to persist in the circulation over time
Creators: name: Rane, Sanket
name: Hogan, Thea
name: Seddon, Benedict
name: Yates, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biology
subject: T cells
subject: Aging
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Homeostasis

description: The processes regulating peripheral naive T-cell numbers and clonal diversity remain poorly understood. Conceptually, homeostatic mechanisms must fall into the broad categories of neutral (simple random birth–death models), competition (regulation of cell numbers through quorum-sensing, perhaps via limiting shared resources), adaptation (involving cell-intrinsic changes in homeostatic fitness, defined as net growth rate over time), or selection (involving the loss or outgrowth of cell populations deriving from intercellular variation in fitness). There may also be stably maintained heterogeneity within the naive T-cell pool. To distinguish between these mechanisms, we confront very general models of these processes with an array of experimental data, both new and published. While reduced competition for homeostatic stimuli may impact cell survival or proliferation in neonates or under moderate to severe lymphopenia, we show that the only mechanism capable of explaining multiple, independent experimental studies of naive CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell homeostasis in mice from young adulthood into old age is one of adaptation, in which cells act independently and accrue a survival or proliferative advantage continuously with their post-thymic age. However, aged naive T cells may also be functionally impaired, and so the accumulation of older cells via ‘conditioning through experience’ may contribute to reduced immune responsiveness in the elderly.
null Eurasian Economic Union
Creators: name: Tripolone, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2018

description: The Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) is a modern project of economic integration in post-Soviet space. It comes from the idea of Nazarbayev about the establishment of economic alliance, to obtain stability in Eurasia. The idea was supported by Putin, who called for the institution of an union to achieve economic prosperity against the globalization. Nazarbayev and Lukashenka do not see any politic involvement of the EEU, while Putin sees it as instrument to relive the Russian hegemony in the region. However, the EEU wants to create a solid mutual-trade, guaranteeing the four fundamental freedoms.
Modeling core-hole screening in jellium clusters using density functional theory
Creators: name: Bauer, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The screening of a 2p core-hole in Na clusters is investigated using density functional theory applied to an extended jellium model with an all-electron atom in the center. The study is related to recent experiments at the free electron laser at DESY in which photoelectron spectra from mass-selected, core-shell ionized metal clusters have been recorded. Relaxed and unrelaxed binding energies as well as Kohn-Sham orbital energies are calculated in Perdew-Zunger self-interaction-corrected exchange-only local spin-density approximation for valence and 2p core electrons in Na clusters up to 58 atoms. The relaxed binding energies follow approximately the metal-sphere behavior. The same behavior is seen in the experiment for sufficiently big clusters, indicating perfect screening and that the relaxation energy due to screening goes to the photoelectron. Instead, calculating the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons using unrelaxed binding energies or Kohn-Sham orbital energies yields wrong results for core-shell electrons. The screening {\em dynamics} are investigated using time-dependent density functional theory. It is shown that screening occurs on two time scales, a core-shell-dependent inner-atomic and an inter-atomic valence electron time scale. In the case of Na 2p ionization the remaining electrons in the 2p shell screen within tens of attoseconds while the screening due to cluster valence electrons occurs within several hundreds of attoseconds. The screening time-scales may be compared to the photon energy and cluster size-dependent escape times of the photoelectron in order to estimate whether the photoelectron is capable of picking up the relaxation energy or whether the residual system is left in an excited state.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, IOP style, accepted for publication in New J. Phys
Additional file 1 of CircHYBID regulates hyaluronan metabolism in chondrocytes via hsa-miR-29b-3p/TGF-β1 axis
Creators: name: Liao, Hong-Xing
name: Zhang, Zhi-Hui
name: Chen, Hui-Lin
name: Huang, Ying-Mei
name: Liu, Zhan-Liang
name: Huang, Jian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table 1. Primer sequences used in this study.
MPEC 2023-X92 : 2023 XX1
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 XX1

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Water Movement through a Membrane: The Van't Hoff Equation
Creators: name: Gross, Lou
name: Beals, Monica
name: Harrell, Susan
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2019

description: This module introduces the van't Hoff equation in the context of understanding the metabolic activity of the epithelial cells lining the stomach. It is intended for an introductory biology audience.
Holographic Correlators for General Gauge Mediation
Creators: name: Argurio, Riccardo
name: Bertolini, Matteo
name: Di Pietro, Lorenzo
name: Porri, Flavio
name: Redigolo, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use holographic techniques to compute two-point functions of operators belonging to a conserved current supermultiplet in theories which break supersymmetry at strong coupling. These are the relevant quantities one has to compute in models of gauge mediation to determine the soft spectrum in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model (SSM). Such holographic approach can be used for diverse gravitational backgrounds, but here we focus, for definiteness, on asymptotically AdS backgrounds. After presenting the general framework, we apply our formulas to two explicit examples which differ by the nature of the SSM gauginos, which have Dirac or Majorana masses, corresponding to models that respectively preserve or break R-symmetry.
description: 30 pages, 6 figures. v3: clarifications added, typos corrected, refs added, one figure improved
Spectral function of few electrons in quantum wires and carbon nanotubes as a signature of Wigner localization
Creators: name: Secchi, Andrea
name: Rontani, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the profile of the space-resolved spectral function at finite temperature provides a signature of Wigner localization for electrons in quantum wires and semiconducting carbon nanotubes. Our numerical evidence is based on the exact diagonalization of the microscopic Hamiltonian of few particles interacting in gate-defined quantum dots. The minimal temperature required to suppress residual exchange effects in the spectral function image of (nanotubes) quantum wires lies in the (sub-) Kelvin range.
description: RevTeX 4.1, 5 pages, 5 color postscript figures. This is a major revison, with new added figures, discussions, references. To appear in Physical Review B Rapid Communications (2012)
Nuclear Level Densities in the Constant-Spacing Model
Creators: name: Pálffy, Adriana
name: Weidenmüller, Hans A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new method to calculate level densities for non-interacting Fermions within the constant-spacing model with a finite number of states is developed. We show that asymptotically (for large numbers of particles or holes) the densities have Gaussian form. We improve on the Gaussian distribution by using analytical expressions for moments higher than the second. Comparison with numerical results shows that the resulting sixth-moment approximation is excellent except near the boundaries of the spectra and works globally for all particle/hole numbers and all excitation energies.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures; v2 updated to the published version - extended the motivation; results unchanged
An artificial neural network based $b$ jet identification algorithm at the CDF Experiment
Creators: name: Freeman, J.
name: Ketchum, W.
name: Lewis, J. D.
name: Poprocki, S.
name: Pronko, A.
name: Rusu, V.
name: Wittich, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the development and validation of a new multivariate $b$ jet identification algorithm ("$b$ tagger") used at the CDF experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron. At collider experiments, $b$ taggers allow one to distinguish particle jets containing $B$ hadrons from other jets. Employing feed-forward neural network architectures, this tagger is unique in its emphasis on using information from individual tracks. This tagger not only contains the usual advantages of a multivariate technique such as maximal use of information in a jet and tunable purity/efficiency operating points, but is also capable of evaluating jets with only a single track. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the tagger, we employ a novel method wherein we calculate the false tag rate and tag efficiency as a function of the placement of a lower threshold on a jet's neural network output value in $Z+1$ jet and $t\bar{t}$ candidate samples, rich in light flavor and $b$ jets, respectively.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, submitted to NIM A
Further properties of frequentist confidence intervals in regression that utilize uncertain prior information
Creators: name: Kabaila, Paul
name: Giri, Khageswor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Consider a linear regression model with n-dimensional response vector, regression parameter β= (β_1, ..., β_p) and independent and identically N(0, σ^2) distributed errors. Suppose that the parameter of interest is θ= a^T βwhere a is a specified vector. Define the parameter τ= c^T β- t where c and t are specified. Also suppose that we have uncertain prior information that τ= 0. Part of our evaluation of a frequentist confidence interval for θis the ratio (expected length of this confidence interval)/(expected length of standard 1-αconfidence interval), which we call the scaled expected length of this interval. We say that a 1-αconfidence interval for θutilizes this uncertain prior information if (a) the scaled expected length of this interval is significantly less than 1 when τ= 0, (b) the maximum value of the scaled expected length is not too much larger than 1 and (c) this confidence interval reverts to the standard 1-αconfidence interval when the data happen to strongly contradict the prior information. Kabaila and Giri, 2009, JSPI present a new method for finding such a confidence interval. Let \hatβdenote the least squares estimator of β. Also let \hatΘ= a^T \hatβand \hatτ= c^T \hatβ- t. Using computations and new theoretical results, we show that the performance of this confidence interval improves as |Corr(\hatΘ, \hatτ)| increases and n-p decreases.
description: The exposition has been improved
title: Temporal Changes in the Diversity of Shelf-sea Fish Communities
Creators: name: Collie, Jeremy S.
name: Rochet, Marie-Joëlle
Publisher: name: ASC 2010 - Theme session Q
Year: 2024
Subjects: Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The North Sea and Georges Bank fish communities have lost species and size diversity over the past several decades. Hypotheses that may explain these changes include climate change that may induce shifts in the food web, historical and contemporary fishing pressure and selective fishing of certain species or sizes. We use a comparative approach to examine the support for these different hypotheses. Using standardized trawl-survey data, we identify the useful indicators of species diversity, and functional diversity as measured by changes in size structure and changes in functional groups. The North Sea and Georges Bank fish communities have much in common, including shared species and congeneric species. However, the communities are subject to different fishing regimes and the North Sea has relatively less fish biomass in the larger size classes. We use a length-based multispecies model to investigate the role of fishing in causing and maintaining these differences in size distribution.
An experimental study on jet impingement on a very high speed moving surface
Creators: name: Sterling, George Earl Grant
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Motivated by the need to improve transfer efficiencies of liquid coatings from jet impingement, an experimental investigation into jet impingement on very high speed moving surfaces is presented. Seven different Newtonian liquids with widely varying shear viscosities were made to impinge on a surface which could be made to move at speeds up to 350km/hr. Tests for the Newtonian liquids were done with several modified surfaces to study the effects of roughness and surface inconsistencies. Nozzle sizes and impingement angles were varied to interrogate their effects on the interaction of the impacting jet and moving surface while high speed photography was employed to capture these interactions. Spread radii and spread widths were measured for viscous fluids which deposited. While it was observed that stable jets of fluids with sufficiently high viscosities almost always deposited, tests with water indicate that the effects of the impingement angle as well as jet diameter significantly alter the locations of boundaries between deposition, spatter and lamella lift-off. Impingement angles that result in jet velocities with large components of velocity parallel to the surface velocity are prone to deposit. Jets of smaller diameters are also prone to deposit. It was observed that both the jet velocity and surface velocity are important determining factors in the likelihood of deposition. The deposition of viscous fluids demonstrated that it is possible to observe transitions from deposition to lift-off and vice versa through mechanisms that trigger random fluctuations in the lamella. The track distance covered before a transition from lift-off to deposition occurs is shown to be a Poisson Process.
On Strong r-Helix Submanifolds and Special Curves
Creators: name: Ziplar, Evren
name: Şenol, Ali
name: Yayli, Yusuf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we investigate special curves on a strong r-helix submanifold in Euclidean n-space E n. Also, we give the important relations between strong r-helix submanifolds and the special curves such as line of curvature, geodesic and slant helix.
Understanding how the various definitions of Permanent Establishment can limit the taxation ability of resource- rich source countries
Creators: name: Almeida, Luis M.
name: Toledano, Perrine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Double taxation
Investments
International business enterprises--Taxation
Taxation--Law and legislation

description: Double Taxation Agreements (DTAs) are bilateral tax treaties that are designed to reduce the negative impact of double taxation through the allocation of taxing rights to the State of residence (i.e. where the company has its base) and to the State of source (i.e. where the taxable operations takes place). The allocation of the rights to tax business profits of non-resident entities’ operations depends on whether these operations can constitute a “Permanent Establishment” (PE) according to the definition included in each DTA. If non-resident entities fulfill the criteria established in this PE definition, taxation is due at the source State. On the contrary, if non-resident entities fall outside of the scope of this definition, the residence State obtains these rights. DTAs can therefore result in source States losing significant tax revenue from operations of non-residents (unless such operations are conducted under a PE). Loosely defining the PE without due regard for the risk of loopholes might encourage companies to structure their investments in order to avoid fulfilling the criteria of the PE definition and thus avoid taxation at source. For the purpose of extractive industries, these tax avoidance structures normally involve bypassing the time threshold that triggers a PE (by splitting long term contracts into short term contracts), and/or structuring and dividing contracts to enable them to be considered of preparatory or auxiliary nature, thus fitting into then general exclusions of PE that exist in most DTAs (fragmentation of activities and/or misuse/abuse of specific activity exemptions); The UN and OECD Model DTAs – normally used as basis for DTAs – are not aimed at covering the specific characteristics of extractive industries. Resource rich States should thus aim to include specific clauses that cover these issues; after explaining the various options to optimize taxing rights related to PE in the context of extractives, CCSI’s brief presents a sample PE clause to that effect.
title: Marine Biodiversity, Fisheries, and Food Security Time to Deal with the Elephant (Seal) in the Living Room
Creators: name: Rice, Jake
Publisher: name: ASC 2010 - Theme session Q
Year: 2024
Subjects: Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.This talk will first review the major commitments that have been made in international agreements, with regard marine biodiversity. It will highlight the changes in objectives for management and the areas where traditional objectives of fisheries management need to be reconsidered and in some cases adjusted. In general meeting the biodiversity conservations commitments are likely require reductions in harvests by capture fisheries in at least the short term, and possibly medium term, for far more fisheries that it will lead to increased opportunities for harvesting. In the long run as status of exploited stocks improve catches may increase to some extent. However, it is unlikely that in the longer term all biodiversity objectives can be achieved with harvest levels observed in the 1990s and early 2000s. It will then review current projections for future human requirements for food security, and forecasts of the expected trends in food production from traditional crop and livestock sources. The potential impacts of global climate change are also discussed. There are major discrepancies between projected needs for food security and expected productivity from traditional sources. Many planners are looking to fisheries to full an major part of this gap. However harvests available from sustainable fisheries in the setting of current biodiversity objectives will fall far short of those needs. Information on opportunities to substantially increase food production from capture fisheries and aquaculture will be summarized, but the opportunities exist only by shifting capture harvests to lower trophic levels, and greatly increasing intensive aquaculture in coastal areas and freshwater sites. These changes move us further from the biodiversity conservation objectives. The paper offers no clever solution to these issues, but is intended to open a dialogue on where society wants to go in addressing these urgent but incompatible challenges.
Updated global fits of the cMSSM including the latest LHC SUSY and Higgs searches and XENON100 data
Creators: name: Strege, C.
name: Bertone, G.
name: Cerdeno, D. G.
name: Fornasa, M.
name: de Austri, R. Ruiz
name: Trotta, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new global fits of the cMSSM, including LHC 1/fb integrated luminosity SUSY exclusion limits, recent LHC 5/fb constraints on the mass of the Higgs boson and XENON100 direct detection data. Our analysis fully takes into account astrophysical and hadronic uncertainties that enter the analysis when translating direct detection limits into constraints on the cMSSM parameter space. We provide results for both a Bayesian and a Frequentist statistical analysis. We find that LHC 2011 constraints in combination with XENON100 data can rule out a significant portion of the cMSSM parameter space. Our results further emphasise the complementarity of collider experiments and direct detection searches in constraining extensions of Standard Model physics. The LHC 2011 exclusion limit strongly impacts on low-mass regions of cMSSM parameter space, such as the stau co-annihilation region, while direct detection data can rule out regions of high SUSY masses, such as the Focus-Point region, which is unreachable for the LHC in the near future. We show that, in addition to XENON100 data, the experimental constraint on the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon plays a dominant role in disfavouring large scalar and gaugino masses. We find that, should the LHC 2011 excess hinting towards a Higgs boson at 126 GeV be confirmed, currently favoured regions of the cMSSM parameter space will be robustly ruled out from both a Bayesian and a profile likelihood statistical perspective.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables; matches JCAP accepted version, profile likelihood contours slightly modified from v1, main conclusions unchanged
Pogonocherus hispidus
Creators: name: Mistletoe, Insects Associated With The European
name: Album, Viscum
name: Ukraine, In Western Part Of
name: Zamoroka, A Pilot Study A. M.
name: Shparyk, V. Yu.
name: Dovhaniuk, I. Ya.
name: Varga, O. O.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Pogonocherus
Pogonocherus hispidus

description: Pogonocherus hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758)
R e a r e d m a t e r i a l. Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivsk Region: Sokil, 13.10.2013, 17 specimens, ex larva; Maydan, 28.02.2014, 1 specimen, ex larva; Ivano-Frankivsk, 16.02.2014, 14 specimens, ex larva; Tsenzhiv, 28.02.2014, 2 specimens, ex larva (A. Zamoroka & V. Shparyk) (PUIF).
 Biology. Larvae are polyphagous on deciduous trees, especially on Tilia. The feeding of adults on fruit bodies of the saproxylic fungus Nectria sp. is known (Zamoroka & Kapeliukh, 2016).
description: Published as part of Mistletoe, Insects Associated With The European, Album, Viscum, Ukraine, In Western Part Of, Zamoroka, A Pilot Study A. M., Shparyk, V. Yu., Dovhaniuk, I. Ya. & Varga, O. O., 2023, Insects Associated with the European Mistletoe (Viscum album) in Western Ukraine: a Pilot Study, pp. 433-450 in Zoodiversity 57 (5) on page 436, DOI: 10.15407/zoo2023.05.433, http://zenodo.org/record/10134656
Ancilla-Assisted Calibration of a Measuring Apparatus
Creators: name: Brida, G.
name: Ciavarella, L.
name: Degiovanni, I. P.
name: Genovese, M.
name: Migdall, A.
name: Mingolla, M. G.
name: Paris, M. G. A.
name: Piacentini, F.
name: Polyakov, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum measurement can be described by a set of matrices, one for each possible outcome, which represents the positive operator-valued measure (POVM) of the sensor. Efficient protocols of POVM extraction for arbitrary sensors are required. We present the first experimental POVM reconstruction that takes explicit advantage of a quantum resource, i.e., nonclassical correlations with an ancillary state. A POVM of a photon-number-resolving detector is reconstructed by using strong quantum correlations of twin beams generated by parametric down-conversion. Our reconstruction method is more statistically robust than POVM reconstruction methods that use classical input states.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, close to published version
Structural barriers to HIV prevention among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vietnam: Diversity, stigma, and healthcare access
Creators: name: Philbin, Morgan M.
name: Hirsch, Jennifer S.
name: Wilson, Patrick A.
name: Ly, An Thanh
name: Giang, Le Minh
name: Parker, Richard G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: HIV infections—Prevention
Epidemiology
Gay men--Sexual behavior
Gay men--Diseases
Stigma (Social psychology)
Social medicine

description: Men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vietnam experience disproportionate rates of HIV infection. To advance understanding of how structural barriers may shape their engagement with HIV prevention services, we draw on 32 in-depth interviews and four focus groups (n = 31) conducted with MSM in Hanoi between October 2015- March 2016. Three primary factors emerged: (1) Diversity, both in relation to identity and income; Vietnamese MSM described themselves as segregated into Bóng kín (hidden, often heterosexually-identified MSM) and Bóng lộ (‘out,’ transgender, or effeminate MSM). Lower-income, ‘hidden’ MSM from rural areas were reluctant to access MSM-targeted services; (2) Stigma: MSM reported being stigmatized by the healthcare system, family, and other MSM; and (3) Healthcare access: this was limited due to economic barriers and lack of MSM-friendly services. Our research suggests the need for multiple strategies to reach diverse types of MSM as well as to address barriers in access to health services such as stigma and costs. While a great deal has been written about the diversity of MSM in relation to gender performance and sexual identities, our research points to the substantial structural-level barriers that must be addressed in order to achieve meaningful and effective HIV prevention for MSM worldwide.
The 8th Gerald Dunning Memorial Lecture: The Continuing Tradition
Creators: name: Brears, P
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 13, 3-8
description: The study of medieval pottery from mainly archaeological evidence can restrict the understanding of its manufacture, development and use. In order to widen the horizons of pottery research, and to suggest areas for further study, a survey of all the apprentice-trained producers of hand-made traditional pottery was carried out in the 1960s. The detailed working practices of these potters have already been published elsewhere, but here they are discussed in general, overall terms, commencing with clay preparation and throwing techniques. Those factors which govern the size and shape of the wares, including manufacturing requirements, load-bearing capacities, ergonomic considerations, and the need to serve distinct practical purposes are then discussed. The effects of different fuels and firing conditions are also considered, and, finally, the potters, methods of transport and trading, to demonstrate some of the human elements in their industry which archaeology could never reveal.
Indian pharmaceutical patent prosecution: The changing role of Section 3(d)
Creators: name: Sampat, Bhaven N.
name: Shadlen, Kenneth C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Patent laws and legislation
Pharmaceutical technology
Pharmaceutical policy

description: India, like many developing countries, only recently began to grant pharmaceutical product patents. Indian patent law includes a provision, Section 3(d), which tries to limit grant of “secondary” pharmaceutical patents, i.e. patents on new forms of existing molecules and drugs. Previous research suggests the provision was rarely used against secondary applications in the years immediately following its enactment, and where it was, was redundant to other aspects of the patent law, raising concerns that 3(d) was being under-utilized by the Indian Patent Office. This paper uses a novel data source, the patent office’s first examination reports, to examine changes in the use of the provision. We find a sharp increase over time in the use of Section 3(d), including on the main claims of patent applications, though it continues to be used in conjunction with other types of objections to patentability. More surprisingly, see a sharp increase in the use of the provision against primary patent applications, contrary to its intent, raising concerns about potential over-utilization.
Secular Dynamics in Hierarchical Three-Body Systems
Creators: name: Naoz, Smadar
name: Farr, Will M.
name: Lithwick, Yoram
name: Rasio, Frederic A.
name: Teyssandier, Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The secular approximation for the evolution of hierarchical triple configurations has proven to be very useful in many astrophysical contexts, from planetary to triple-star systems. In this approximation the orbits may change shape and orientation, on time scales longer than the orbital time scales, but the semi major axes are constant. For example, for highly inclined triple systems, the Kozai-Lidov mechanism can produce large-amplitude oscillations of the eccentricities and inclinations. Here we revisit the secular dynamics of hierarchical triple systems. We derive the secular evolution equations to octupole order in Hamiltonian perturbation theory. Our derivation corrects an error in some previous treatments of the problem that implicitly assumed a conservation of the z-component of the angular momentum of the inner orbit (i.e., parallel to the total angular momentum of the system). Already to quadrupole order, our results show new behaviors including the possibility for a system to oscillate from prograde to retrograde orbits. At the octupole order, for an eccentric outer orbit, the inner orbit can reach extremely high eccentricities and undergo chaotic flips in its orientation. We discuss applications to a variety of astrophysical systems, from stellar triples to merging compact binaries and planetary systems. Our results agree with those of previous studies done to quadrupole order only in the limit in which one of the inner two bodies is a massless test particle and the outer orbit is circular;our results agree with previous studies at octupole order for the eccentricity evolution, but not for the inclination evolution.
description: accepted to MNRAS, 14 figures
Transfer reactions and the dispersive optical-model
Creators: name: Nguyen, N. B.
name: Waldecker, S. J.
name: Nunes, F. M.
name: Charity, R. J.
name: Dickhoff, W. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dispersive optical-model is applied to transfer reactions. A systematic study of $(d,p)$ reactions on closed-shell nuclei using the finite-range adiabatic reaction model is performed at several beam energies and results are compared to data as well as to predictions using a standard global optical-potential. Overall, we find that the dispersive optical-model is able to describe the angular distributions as well as or better than the global parameterization. In addition, it also constrains the overlap function. Spectroscopic factors extracted using the dispersive optical-model are generally lower than those using standard parameters, exhibit a reduced dependence on beam energy, and are more in line with results obtained from $(e,e'p)$ measurements.
description: Phys. Rev. C 84, 044611 (2011)
Middle Saxon Pottery from the Buttermarket Kiln, Ipswich, Suffolk
Creators: name: Blinkhorn, Paul
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 13, 12-16
description: The recent discovery of a Middle Saxon kiln in the Buttermarket, Ipswich has revealed that kiln technology in the mid 9th century was more advanced, and that a wider range of pottery was produced in Ipswich than was formerly suspected. The structure of the kiln is described and the pottery, which is quite diff erent from the standard Ipswich wares, is discussed in terms of manufacture, decoration, distribution and dating.