title: ÐÐ½Ð´ÑÐºÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ»ÐµÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð³Ð¸Ð±ÐµÐ»Ð¸ Ð² ÐºÐ»ÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ Ð°Ð±Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ Ð±Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð² ÑÑÐµÐ´Ñ
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Induction of programmed cell death in barley cells by abiotic and biotic environmental factors
Creators: name: ÐÐ¾ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ²ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹, ÐÐ°Ð²ÐµÐ»
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2020
Subjects: Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ð¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ»ÐµÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð³Ð¸Ð±ÐµÐ»Ñ
ÑÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ
Ð°Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð·
Ð½ÐµÐºÑÐ¾Ð·
Â«Ð²Ð°ÐºÑÐ¾Ð»ÑÑÐ½Ð°ÑÂ» Ð³Ð¸Ð±ÐµÐ»Ñ ÐºÐ»ÐµÑÐ¾Ðº
Ð±Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÑ
Ð°Ð±Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÑ
ÑÑÐ°Ð³Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ ÐÐÐ
Ð´ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ñ
Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ
ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ»ÑÐµ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð»Ñ
ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ¾Ðº
Ñ Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð°Ð½
programmed cell death
PCD
barley
apoptosis
necrosis
vacuolar cell death
biotic factors
abiotic factors
DNA fragmentation
potassium deficiency
salt stress
heavy metals
heat shock
chitosan

description: ÐÐ°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð° Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐµ ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÑ Ð°Ð±Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ Ð±Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÑÑÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÑÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¸Ð½Ð´ÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ð¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼ÑÑ ÐºÐ»ÐµÑÐ¾ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð³Ð¸Ð±ÐµÐ»Ñ (ÐÐÐ) Ð² ÑÐºÐ°Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð² ÑÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Hordeum vulgare L. Ð ÐºÐ°ÑÐµÑÑÐ²Ðµ Ð°Ð±Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð²ÑÑÑÑÐ¿Ð°Ð»Ð¸ ÑÐ»Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð´ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ, ÑÐ»Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð´ Ð°Ð»ÑÐ¼Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ñ, Ð´ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÑÑÐµÐ´Ðµ Ð²ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ ÐºÑÐ°ÑÐºÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐ¹ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ¾Ðº. Ð ÐºÐ°ÑÐµÑÑÐ²Ðµ Ð±Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐ° Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð»ÑÑ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð°, Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÑÑÑÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ð³ÑÐ¸Ð±Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð² ÑÐºÐ°Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ. Ð¤Ð°ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÑ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐ±ÑÐ°Ð½Ñ ÑÑÐµÐ´Ð¸ Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð½ÑÑ ÑÑÑÐµÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð², ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¼ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð²ÐµÑÐ³Ð°ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐµÐ²Ñ ÑÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ ÐºÑÐ»ÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ Ð½Ð° Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑ Ð Ð¤, Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸Ð· ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼, Ð³ÑÐ¾Ð·ÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÑÑÐµÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐ¼ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ ÑÑÐ¾Ð¶Ð°Ð¹Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð·Ð»Ð°ÐºÐ°.
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description: This work aimed at investigation of the ability of several abiotic or biotic stress factors to induce programmed cell death (PCD) in the tissues of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings. The abiotic stress factors were elevated levels of sodium chloride or of aluminum chloride in the growth medium, potassium deficiency in the growth medium, or short-term heat shock. Solution of chitosan was used as an imitation of a fungal infection in plant tissues (a biotic stress factor). These stress factors were selected based on their prevalence and importance for the sustained growth of barley.
The experiments presented in this study were based on DNA isolation techniques and subsequent visualization of the isolated DNA samples on agarose gels using electrophoresis. The ability of the stress factors to induce PCD was assessed on the basis of one of the main PCD symptoms, namely, the formation of internucleosomal cuts of genomic DNA by specific nucleases. The induction of the nuclease activity was visualized on agarose gels as a specific "ladder" of DNA fragments.
It was found that sodium chloride in the concentration range from 50 to 500 mM during 24 h of incubation did not induce PCD in the root cells of Donaria and Donetsky-8 seedlings. Similarly, aluminum chloride in the concentration range of 0.1-1 mM with prolonged exposure (from 3 to 48 h) did not lead to internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in the root cells of Donaria and the clo f2 3613 mutant. Potassium deficiency in the growing medium did not induce PCD in root cells of 7 day seedlings of barley. On the contrary, short-term heat shock induced PCD in the barley root cells which was accompanied by oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation.
The elicitor chitosan caused internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in barley root cells after long-term incubation for 7 days.
PCD plays a significant role in many important functions necessary for plant growth and development, but despite this, PCD remains not fully characterized at the cytological and molecular level. It becomes increasingly important to create a generally accepted classification of cell death types in plants, and this requires understanding the mechanisms of cell death induction and the steps leading to the different types of cell death.