cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Social innovations in the German energy transition
title: an attempt to use the heuristics of the multi-level perspective of transitions to analyze the diffusion process of social innovations
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Hölsgens, Rick
name: Lübke, Stephanie
name: Hasselkuß, Marco
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Social innovation
subject: Diffusion
subject: Energy transitions
subject: Energiewende
subject: Innovation management
subject: Multilevel perspective
subject: 300
subject: Sozialinnovation
subject: Energiewende

description: Background For a successful transition to a sustainable energy system, not only technical but also social innovations are required. A major challenge to social innovation research is how to translate the social innovation from a novelty with big potential into a mainstream practice. The multilevel perspective (MLP) of socio-technical transitions provides a heuristic to understand how niches can potentially break through to the regime level. In this paper, we examine in how far a multilevel perspective approach is suited to analyze and better understand diffusion trajectories of social rather than technological innovations, taking a social practice theory perspective. Five example projects, selected among the top social innovations for the Energiewende in North Rhine-Westphalia, are analyzed. We discuss to what extend the MLP provides a helpful tool to understand the transition processes. Results Social innovations can be very divers. We find that the MLP does not offer a one-size-fits-all framework for the analysis of the diffusion of social innovations. The MLP proves applicable only in those cases where the social innovation (1) can lead to a system change and (2) has a clear competing or symbiotic relationship with an existing regime. Conclusions Social innovations that aim to be transformative in the sense that they have the goal to be system changing (rather than incremental) can be analyzed along the heuristics of the MLP. For this type of social innovation, the MLP can be fruitful to learn to better understand the diffusion dynamics of social innovation and the barriers and drivers they might face. However, for social innovations that aim at incremental improvements without challenging the existing system, the MLP cannot be applied to study the diffusion process.
Classical elliptic hypergeometric functions and their applications
Creators: name: Spiridonov, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 33E99

description: General theory of elliptic hypergeometric series and integrals is outlined. Main attention is paid to the examples obeying properties of the "classical" special functions. In particular, an elliptic analogue of the Gauss hypergeometric function and some of its properties are described. Present review is based on author's habilitation thesis [Spi7] containing a more detailed account of the subject.
description: 42 pages, typos removed, references updated
Approximately Vanishing of Topological Cohomology Groups
Creators: name: Moslehian, Mohammad Sal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 39B82, 46H25, 39B52, 47B47

description: In this paper, we establish the Pexiderized stability of coboundaries and cocycles and use them to investigate the Hyers--Ulam stability of some functional equations. We prove that for each Banach algebra $A$, Banach $A$-bimodule $X$ and positive integer $n, H^n(A,X)=0$ if and only if the $n$-th cohomology group approximately vanishes.
description: 18 pages, minor corrections
Analytical and simulation-based prediction of surface roughness for micromilling hardened HSS
Creators: name: Meijer, Alexander
name: Bergmann, Jim A.
name: Krebs, Eugen
name: Biermann, Dirk
name: Wiederkehr, Petra
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Surface roughness prediction
subject: Geometrical simulation
subject: Micromilling
subject: 620
subject: 670

description: The high quality demand for machined functional surfaces of forming tools, entail extensive investigations for the adjustment of the manufacturing process. Since the surface quality depends on a multitude of influencing factors in face micromilling, a complex optimization problem arises. Through analytical and simulative approaches, the scope of the experimental investigation to meet the requirements for surface roughness can be significantly reduced. In this contribution, both analytical and simulation-based approaches are presented in the context of predicting the roughness of a machined surface. The consideration of actual tool geometry and shape deviations are used in a simulation system to achieve the agreement with experimental results.
description: J. Manuf. Mater. Process.;3(3)
Polarization and asymmetries in neutral strange particle production
Creators: name: Cottrell, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inclusive Lambda, Antilambda and K0s production in deep inelastic ep scattering has been studied with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 120 pb^-1. Differential cross sections, baryon to antibaryon asymmetry and baryon to meson production have been measured in the laboratory system for Q2 > 25 GeV^2.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Fractional variability—a tool to study blazar variability
Creators: name: Schleicher, Bernd
name: Arbet-Engels, Axel
name: Baack, Dominik
name: Balbo, Matteo
name: Biland, Adrian
name: Blank, Michael
name: Bretz, Thomas
name: Bruegge, Kai
name: Bulinski, Michael
name: Buss, Jens
name: Doerr, Manuel
name: Dorner, Daniela
name: Elsaesser, Dominik
name: Grischagin, Sergej
name: Hildebrand, Dorothee
name: Linhoff, Lena
name: Mannheim, Karl
name: Mueller, Sebastian Achim
name: Neise, Dominik
name: Neronov, Andrii
name: Noethe, Maximilian
name: Paravac, Aleksander
name: Rhode, Wolfgang
name: Schulz, Florian
name: Sedlaczek, Kevin
name: Shukla, Amit
name: Sliusar, Vitalii
name: Willert, Elan Von
name: Walter, Roland
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Blazars
subject: Variability
subject: Fractional variability
subject: Active galactic nuclei
subject: 530
subject: Blazar
subject: Variabilität
subject: Aktiver galaktischer Kern

description: Active Galactic Nuclei emit radiation over the whole electromagnetic spectrum up to TeV energies. Blazars are one subtype with their jets pointing towards the observer. One of their typical features is extreme variability on timescales, from minutes to years. The fractional variability is an often used parameter for investigating the degree of variability of a light curve. Different detection methods and sensitivities of the instruments result in differently binned data and light curves with gaps. As they can influence the physics interpretation of the broadband variability, the effects of these differences on the fractional variability need to be studied. In this paper, we study the systematic effects of completeness in time coverage and the sampling rate. Using public data from instruments monitoring blazars in various energy ranges, we study the variability of the bright TeV blazars Mrk 421 and Mrk 501 over the electromagnetic spectrum, taking into account the systematic effects, and compare our findings with previous results. Especially in the TeV range, the fractional variability is higher than in previous studies, which can be explained by the much longer (seven years compared to few weeks) and more complete data sample.
description: Galaxies;7(2)
Model-based assessment of the risks of viral transmission in non-confined crowds
Creators: name: Garcia, Willy
name: Mendez, Simon
name: Fray, Baptiste
name: Nicolas, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work aims to assess the risks of Covid-19 disease spread in diverse daily-life situations (referred to as scenarios) involving crowds of maskless pedestrians, mostly outdoors. More concretely, we develop a method to infer the global number of new infections from patchyobservations of pedestrians. The method relies on ad hoc spatially resolved models for disease transmissionvia virus-laden respiratory droplets, which are fit to existing exposure studies about Covid-19. The approach is applied to the detailed field data about pedestrian trajectories and orientations that we acquired during the pandemic. This allows us to rank the investigated scenarios by the infection risks that they present; importantly, the obtained hierarchy of risks is conserved across all our transmission models (except the most pessimistic ones): Street caf{é}s present the largest average rate of new infections caused by an attendant, followed by busy outdoor markets, and then metro and train stations, whereas the risks incurred while walking on fairly busy streets (average density around 0.1 person/m${}^2$) are comparatively quite low. While none of our ad hoc models can claim accuracy, their converging predictions lend credence to these findings.} In scenarios with a moving crowd, we find that density is the main factor influencing the estimated infection rate. Finally, our study explores the efficiency of street and venue redesigns in mitigating the viral spread: While the benefits of enforcing one-way foot traffic in (wide) walkways are unclear, changing the geometry of queues substantially affects disease transmission risks.
Theoa hamata, new species
Creators: name: Tanasevitch, Andrei V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Linyphiidae
Theoa
Theoa hamata

description: Theoa hamata new species Figs 75–80 Types. Holotype. ♂, LAOS, Vientiane Prov., W of Vang Vieng, Tham Pou Kham, 260 m a.s.l., 18 ° 55.549 'N 102 ° 23.734 'E, in front of limestone cave, leaf litter, sieving, 13.III. 2007, leg. P. Jäger & F. Steinmetz. Paratypes. 1 ♂ (MHNG), THAILAND, Chiang Mai Prov. and Distr., Doi Suthep, below Phrathat Doi Suthep Temple, 960 m a.s.l., pitfall traps, 1.– 30.I. 1987, leg. P. Schwendinger. 1 ♂ (MHNG), same site, pitfall traps, 5.III.– 4.IV. 1987, leg. P. Schwendinger. Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin word “hamatus, -a, -um”, meaning “hook-shaped” and refers to the peculiar shape of the cymbium; adjective. Diagnosis. The new species is similar to T. tricaudata, but differs well by the hook-shaped posterior cymbial outgrowth (versus nipper-shaped in T. tricaudata), as well as by the shape of the more compact terminal apophysis. Description. Male holotype. Total length 1.40. Carapace unmodified, 0.63 long, 0.51 wide, pale brown. Eyes normal. Chelicerae 0.23 long. Legs yellow, with longitudinal dark stripes. FeI, 0.78, Leg IV, 2.45 long (0.68 + 0.18 + 0.58 + 0.63 + 0.38). Chaetotaxy unknown (usually, all tibia with two dorsal spines), spines mostly lost, in type species all tibiae with 1 dorsal spine, no femoral or metatarsal spines. Metatarsi I–III with a trichobothrium each. TmI, 0.16. Palp (Figs 75–80): Tibia without special spine. Cymbium with a large, proximal hook-shaped outgrowth. Paracymbium relatively small, toothless. Lamella characteristica totally reduced. Terminal apophysis large, well-sclerotized, looks like lamella characteristica. Embolus with Fickert’s gland inside, thumb present. Opisthosoma 0.75 long, 0.48 wide, dark grey with vague, irregular, white, small spots. Female. Unknown. Taxonomic remarks. The monotypic genus Theoa was erected by Saaristo (1995) for Theonina tricaudata Locket, 1982, which had originally been described from West Malaysia (Locket 1982) and later found in the Seychelles (Saaristo 1995). The palp structure, i.e., modified cymbium, totally reduced lamella characteristica and the position of Fickert’s gland inside the embolus, clearly supports the generic inclusion of the new species in genus Theoa.
description: Published as part of Tanasevitch, Andrei V., 2014, New species and records of linyphiid spiders from Laos (Araneae, Linyphiidae), pp. 67-89 in Zootaxa 3841 (1) on page 88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3841.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/286780
description: {"references": ["Saaristo, M. I. (1995) Linyphiid spiders of the granitic islands of Seychelles (Araneae, Linyphiidae). Phelsuma, 3, 41 - 52.", "Locket, G. H. (1982) Some linyphiid spiders from western Malaysia. Bulletin of the British arachnological Society, 5, 361 - 384."]}
Is The Fe M-shell Absorber Part of The Outflow in Active Galactic Nuclei?
Creators: name: Holczer, Tomer
name: Behar, Ehud
name: Kaspi, Shai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The X-ray emission of many active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is absorbed between 15 and 17 Angstrom by means of unresolved (inner-shell) transition arrays (UTAs) of Fe M-shell ions. The outflow velocities implied by the Doppler shifts of the individual UTAs in the spectrum have never before been measured. Thus, the Fe-M absorber has been commonly assumed to be part of the ionized AGN outflow, whose velocities are readily obtained from more easily measured spectral lines. The best spectrum of Fe-M absorption is available from the integrated 900 ks Chandra HETGS observations of NGC 3783, in which some Fe-M ions are clearly resolved. We measure the velocities of the individual Fe-M ions in NGC 3783 for the first time. Surprisingly, we find that the Fe-M absorber, most noticeably Fe$^{+8}$, Fe$^{+9}$, and Fe$^{+10}$, is not outflowing at the same velocity as the previously known wind. In fact, it appears to be stationary and therefore not part of the outflow at all. It could, alternatively, be ascribed to the skin of the dusty torus. This reduces appreciably the mass loss rate estimated for the NGC 3783 outflow and perhaps for other similar sources as well, in which the various Fe-M ions are not resolved.
description: To be published in ApJ
A higher-order singular value decomposition tensor emulator for spatio-temporal simulators
Creators: name: Gopalan, Giri
name: Wikle, Christopher K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce methodology to construct an emulator for environmental and ecological spatio-temporal processes that uses the higher order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) as an extension of singular value decomposition (SVD) approaches to emulation. Some important advantages of the method are that it allows for the use of a combination of supervised learning methods (e.g., random forests and Gaussian process regression) and also allows for the prediction of process values at spatial locations and time points that were not used in the training sample. The method is demonstrated with two applications: the first is a periodic solution to a shallow ice approximation partial differential equation from glaciology, and second is an agent-based model of collective animal movement. In both cases, we demonstrate the value of combining different machine learning models for accurate emulation. In addition, in the agent-based model case we demonstrate the ability of the tensor emulator to successfully capture individual behavior in space and time. We demonstrate via a real data example the ability to perform Bayesian inference in order to learn parameters governing collective animal behavior.
Statistics of precursors to fingering processes
Creators: name: Grosfils, Patrick
name: Boon, Jean Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the statistical properties of hydrodynamic field fluctuations which reveal the existence of precursors to fingering processes. These precursors are found to exhibit power law distributions, and these power laws are shown to follow from spatial $q$-Gaussian structures which are solutions to the generalized non-linear diffusion equation.
description: 7 pages incl. 5 figs; tp appear in Europhysics Letters
ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONAL EVOLUTION AND FURTHER NEEDS FOR ADJUSTMENTS: TOWNSHIP VILLAGE ENTERPRISES IN CHINA
Creators: name: Zhu, Qiuxia
name: Elbern, Stefanie
name: Zhu, Qiuxia
name: Elbern, Stefanie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: Township Village Enterprises (TVEs) have essentially contributed to China's economic development and institutional transformation over the last twenty years. One of the explanations for the mechanism of TVEs' growth is the co-operative culture theory which claims that Chinese - compared with other nationalities - could better resolve "free riding problems" and work more efficiently under collective TVEs. In this paper, based on official documents, statistical data and results from important surveys, we analyze the historic development of property rights in TVEs. We have proved that the evolution of TVEs' property rights depended on the interaction between peasants and policy makers. In this interaction process peasants showed strong pursuit of private ownership and policy makers reacted with delay towards owner interests. Owing to the delay of political adjustments, peasants had to adopt various ownership forms for their enterprises - joint households, collective and shareholding cooperative - in order to struggle against a discriminating environment for private ownership. This institutional evolution is not a proof for the co-operative culture theory, but instead for the conventional theory of property rights because the long struggle of the peasants finally led to one clearly defined form of ownership - private property rights. We have tested our hypothesis in view of the following process: In the collective economy under the commune system, policy-makers changed the size of owner units of TVEs from "big" (commune) to "small" (production brigade or production group) and back in accordance with the importance of TVEs to the national economy. In the individual economy after the reform of land use rights, the property rights of TVEs were forced to change step by step to private property rights under the pressure of farm households striving for private ownership. The peasants instrumentalized the various vaguely defined property rights in order to avoid political risks. Due to the "principal agent problem", the collective-owned TVEs went down despite political and financial support. The financial viability of private TVEs however grew in spite of their competition with collective-owned TVEs and severe political and financial discrimination. With the evolution of property rights in TVEs, at present private enterprises dominate the non farm sector in China's rural areas. These structural changes require adjustments of China's financial policy: Formerly, formal financial institutions directed their support mainly towards collective enterprises, whereas private TVEs depended on informal capital sources. In order to meet private TVEs' financial demands, the rural financial market which officially is still dominated by formal financial institutions should be replaced with a financial market consisting of legally recognized multiform-intermediaries.
Multiparametric Cardiac 18F-FDG PET: Pilot Comparison of FDG Delivery Rate with 82Rb Myocardial Blood Flow
Creators: name: Zuo, Yang
name: Lopez, Javier E.
name: Smith, Thomas W.
name: Foster, Cameron C.
name: Carson, Richard E.
name: Badawi, Ramsey D.
name: Wang, Guobao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Myocardial blood flow (MBF) and flow reserve are usually quantified in the clinic with positron emission tomography (PET) using a perfusion-specific radiotracer (e.g. 82Rbchloride). However, the clinical accessibility of existing perfusion tracers remains limited. Meanwhile, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a commonly used radiotracer for PET metabolic imaging without similar limitations. In this paper, we explore the potential of 18F-FDG for myocardial perfusion imaging by comparing the myocardial FDG delivery rate K1 with MBF as determined by dynamic 82Rb PET in fourteen human subjects with heart disease. Two sets of FDG K1 were derived from one-hour dynamic FDG scans. One was the original FDG K1 estimates and the other was the corresponding K1 values that were linearly normalized for blood glucose levels. A generalized Renkin-Crone model was used to fit FDG K1 with Rb MBF, which then allowed for a nonlinear extraction fraction correction for converting FDG K1 to MBF. The linear correlation between FDG-derived MBF and Rb MBF was moderate (r=0.79) before the glucose normalization and became much improved (r>0.9) after glucose normalization. The extraction fraction of FDG was also similar to that of Rb-chloride in the myocardium. The results from this pilot study suggest that dynamic cardiac FDG-PET with tracer kinetic modeling has the potential to provide MBF in addition to its conventional use for metabolic imaging.
TOWARDS A RESOURCE-DRIVEN MODEL OF GOVERNANCE: APPLICATION TO LOWER-INCOME TRANSITION ECONOMIES
Creators: name: Auty, Richard M.
name: Auty, Richard M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Political Economy

description: Many developing market economies were strongly distorted during the 1960s and 1970s by fashionable policies to force industrialisation and they experienced growth collapses when exposed to the price shocks of the 1970s. In this context, the centrally planned economies were even more highly distorted and they too experienced collapse, albeit a decade later because they were less exposed to trade shocks. Economic reform has had mixed results in both sets of countries and this paper develops a model of governance to explain the main variations among the transition countries. The model incorporates a neglected factor, namely how the scale of the natural resource rents and their socio-economic linkages condition government behaviour. It posits that resource-poor countries are more likely than resource-rich countries to engender a developmental political state, which has sufficient autonomy to pursue coherent policies and also the aim of raising social welfare. The two principal reasons for this are, first, that the governments of resource-poor countries tend to be less distracted from the task of wealth generation by the capture of resource rents and, second, the political economy of resource-poor countries tends to build greater political accountability. The basic model is adapted to explain differential progress with reform among the transition economies by adding to the resource rents two more key initial conditions identified in the literature, namely history (the length of exposure to central planning) and geography (proximity to a dynamic market economy). The model predicts that the most propitious conditions for transition reform arise among the relatively undistorted, resource-poor coastal economies of East Asia, followed by the moderately distorted higher-income (and low-rent) countries of Eastern Europe. The paper shows that the transition countries broadly support the predictions. There are anomalies, however, which require two additional factors to explain them, namely access to geopolitical rents conformity to a regional norm of political state.
Curvaton reheating in tachyonic inflationary models
Creators: name: Campuzano, C.
name: del Campo, S.
name: Herrera, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The curvaton reheating in a tachyonic inflationary universe model with an exponential potential is studied. We have found that the energy density in the kinetic epoch, has a complicated dependencies of the scale factor. For different scenarios, the temperature of reheating is computed. These temperature result to be analogous to those obtained in the standard case of the curvaton scenario.
description: 9 pages, Accepted for publication in Phys. Letter B
TALES OF MIGRATION WITHOUT WAGE DIFFERENTIALS: INDIVIDUAL, FAMILY, AND COMMUNITY CONTEXTS
Creators: name: Stark, Oded
name: Stark, Oded
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: By means of examples that pertain to individual, family,and community contexts, it is shown that migration between locations is compatible with a zero expected net earnings differential between locations. The examples give rise to testable predictions that differ sharply from the predictions that emanate from a standard postulate of earnings differential.
Molecular structures of enantiomerically-pure (S)-2-(triphenylsilyl)- and (S)-2-(methyldiphenylsilyl)pyrrolidinium salts
Creators: name: Bauer, Jonathan O.
name: Strohmann, Carsten
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Hydrogen bonds
subject: Silicon
subject: 2-silylpyrrolidines
subject: Stereochemistry
subject: X-ray crystallography
subject: 540
subject: Wasserstoffbrückenbindung
subject: Silicium
subject: Silylverbindungen
subject: Stereochemie
subject: Röntgenkristallographie

description: Silyl-substituted pyrrolidines have gained increased interest for the design of new catalyst scaffolds. The molecular structures of four enantiomerically-pure 2-silylpyrrolidinium salts are reported. The perchlorate salts of (S)-2-(triphenylsilyl)pyrrolidine [(S)-1·HClO4] and (S)-2-(methyldiphenylsilyl)pyrrolidine [(S)-2·HClO4], the trifluoroacetate (S)-2·TFA, and the methanol-including hydrochloride (S)-1·HCl·MeOH were elucidated by X-ray crystallography and discussed in terms of hydrogen-bond interactions.
description: Inorganics;Jg.: 5, Heft: 4 | S. 88-1-88-8
DESIGN OF INCENTIVES IN COMMUNITY BASED HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEMES
Creators: name: Ahuja, Rajeev
name: Jutting, Johannes Paul
name: Ahuja, Rajeev
name: Jutting, Johannes Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Community based health insurance is an emerging and promising concept that has attracted the attention of policy makers as it addresses health care challenges faced by the poor. This paper discusses solutions to important incentive problems in micro-health insurance schemes which threaten their sustainability. In particular, three issues are explored: (i) if defining household as unit of insurance always mitigates adverse selection problem; (ii) how ex ante moral hazard problem can be circumvented through group insurance contract; and (iii) how to set incentives for scheme managers. Various public policies are discussed that help to set appropriate incentives to better manage health insurance schemes in low-income country environments.
Singular control with state constraints on unbounded domain
Creators: name: Atar, Rami
name: Budhiraja, Amarjit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 93E20, 60H30, 60J60, 35J60 (Primary)

description: We study a class of stochastic control problems where a cost of the form \begin{equation}\mathbb{E}\int_{[0,\infty)}e^{-βs}[\ell(X_s) ds+h(Y^{\circ}_s) d|Y|_s]\end{equation} is to be minimized over control processes $Y$ whose increments take values in a cone $\mathbb{Y}$ of $\mathbb{R}^p$, keeping the state process $X=x+B+GY$ in a cone $\mathbb{X}$ of $\mathbb{R}^k$, $k\le p$. Here, $x\in\mathbb{X}$, $B$ is a Brownian motion with drift $b$ and covariance $Σ$, $G$ is a fixed matrix, and $Y^{\circ}$ is the Radon--Nikodym derivative $dY/d|Y|$. Let $\mathcal{L}=-(1/2)trace(ΣD^2)-b\cdot D$ where $D$ denotes the gradient. Solutions to the corresponding dynamic programming PDE, \begin{equation}[(\mathcal{L}+β)f-\ell]\vee\sup_{y\in\mathbb{Y}:|Gy|=1 }[-Gy\cdot Df-h(y)]=0,\end{equation} on $\mathbb{X}^o$ are considered with a polynomial growth condition and are required to be supersolution up to the boundary (corresponding to a ``state constraint'' boundary condition on $\partial\mathbb{X}$). Under suitable conditions on the problem data, including continuity and nonnegativity of $\ell$ and $h$, and polynomial growth of $\ell$, our main result is the unique viscosity-sense solvability of the PDE by the control problem's value function in appropriate classes of functions. In some cases where uniqueness generally fails to hold in the class of functions that grow at most polynomially (e.g., when $h=0$), our methods provide uniqueness within the class of functions that, in addition, have compact level sets. The results are new even in the following special cases: (1) The one-dimensional case $k=p=1$, $\mathbb{X}=\mathbb{Y}=\mathbb{R}_+$; (2) The first-order case $Σ=0$; (3) The case where $\ell$ and $h$ are linear. The proofs combine probabilistic arguments and viscosity solution methods. Our framework covers a wide range of diffusion control problems that arise from queueing networks in heavy traffic.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117906000000359 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Analysis of association of potentially functional genetic variants within genes encoding miR-34b/c, miR-378 and miR-143/145 with prostate cancer in Serbian population
Creators: name: Kotarac, Nevena
name: Dobrijevic, Zorana
name: Matijasevic, Suzana
name: Savic-Pavicevic, Dusanka
name: Brajuskovic, Goran
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Prostate cancer
subject: miRNA
subject: rs4938723
subject: rs1076064
subject: rs4705342
subject: Association study
subject: 610

description: MiRNA-associated genetic variants occurring in regulatory regions can affect the efficiency of transcription and potentially modify pri-miRNA or pre-miRNA processing. Since miRNA-based mechanisms are shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa), the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of rs4938723, rs1076064 and rs4705343 occurring in regulatory regions of miR-34b/c, miR-143/145 and miR-378, respectively, on PCa risk and progression in Serbian popul ation. We examined a total of 1060 subjects, of which 350 were patients with PCa, 354 were patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), while 356 healthy volunteers were included in the control group. Genotyping of rs4938723, rs1076064 and rs4705343 was performed by using Taqman® SNP Genotyping Assays. Allele C of rs4705342 was found to increase the risk of PCa (P=0.031 for codominant model, P=0.0088 for recessive model). Rs1076064 minor allele G was found to associate with serum PSA score, as well as with PCa T category and disease aggressiveness. For rs4938723 minor allele C was shown to be associated with the lower PCa T category (Pdom=0.0046; OR=0.36, 95 % CI 0.17-0.76) in T2 vs. T1 comparison. Rs4705342 was identified as PCa susceptibility variant in Serbian population, while for rs1076064 and rs4938723 association with PCa progression parameters was found.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 18 2019
OPTIMAL WATER ALLOCATION IN THE MEKONG RIVER BASIN
Creators: name: Ringler, Claudia
name: Ringler, Claudia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The Mekong River is the dominant geo-hydrological structure in mainland Southeast Asia, originating in China and flowing through or bordering Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Whereas water resources in the wet season are more than adequate to fulfill basin needs, there are regional water shortages during the dry season, when only 1-2% of the annual flow reaches the Delta. Recent rapid agricultural and economic development in the basin has led to increasing competition among the riparian countries for Mekong waters. This development calls for a structured approach to the management of the basin, including efficient, equitable, and environmentally sustainable water allocation mechanisms that support the socioeconomic development in the region. Institutional mechanisms for Mekong cooperation among the riparians in the lower basin have been in place since 1957, and were revived in 1995. However, comprehensive water allocation mechanisms for the (lower) basin have not been developed to date. In this study, multi-country and intersectoral analyses of water allocation and use are carried out for the Mekong River Basin with the objective to determine tradeoffs and complementarities in water usage and strategies for the efficient allocation of water resources. An aggregate economic-hydrologic model for the basin is developed that allows for the analysis of water allocation and use under alternative policy scenarios. Results from the analytical framework indicate that although competition for Mekong water still appears to be very low, there are substantial tradeoffs between instream and off-stream water uses. An analysis of alternative water allocation mechanisms shows that to achieve both equitable and large benefits from water uses across countries and sectors, the ideal strategy would be to strive for optimal basin water use benefits and then to redistribute these benefits instead of the water resource. The development of such an integrated framework of analysis can be a critical first step to overcome some of the obstacles to effective management and joint cooperation in the Mekong River Basin. It could also facilitate the upcoming negotiations of water allocation rules in the lower basin and thus contribute to the reasonable and equitable utilization of Mekong River waters, as envisioned in the 1995 Mekong Agreement.
Exenatide induces autophagy and prevents the cell regrowth in HepG2 cells
Creators: name: Krause, Gabriele Catyana
name: Lima, Kelly Goulart
name: Levorse, Vitor
name: Haute, Gabriela Viegas
name: Gassen, Rodrigo Benedetti
name: Garcia, Maria Cláudia
name: Pedrazza, Leonardo
name: Donadio, Márcio Vinícius Fagundes
name: Luft, Carolina
name: De Oliveira, Jarbas Rodrigues
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Exenatide
subject: HepG2
subject: Hepatocellular carcinoma
subject: Autophagy
subject: Regrowth
subject: mTOR
subject: 610

description: The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) keeps rising year by year, and became the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Some studies have found that liraglutide, a GLP-1 analog, may decrease the tumor cells proliferation. Due to this, the aim of this work is to investigate the antiproliferative potential of exenatide, another GLP-1 analog. Cell proliferation was assessed by direct count with Trypan blue dye exclusion. Flow cytometry was used to determinate autophagy and nuclear staining. Morphometric analysis was used to verify senescence and apoptosis. The mechanism that induced cell growth inhibition was analyzed by Western Blot. Treatment with exenatide significantly decreases cell proliferation and increases autophagy, both in relation to control and liraglutide. In addition, mTOR inhibition was greater in cells treated with exenatide. In relation to chronic treatment, exenatide does not allow cellular regrowth by preventing some resistance mechanism that the cells can acquire. These results suggest that exenatide has a potent anti-proliferative activity via mTOR modulation and, among the GLP-1 analogs tested, could be in the future an alternative for HCC treatment.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 18 2019
THE IMPACT OF RURAL ENTERPRISES ON HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS IN CHINA
Creators: name: Zhu, Qiuxia
name: Zhu, Qiuxia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Consumer/Household Economics

description: In view of development policy, capital formation is crucial for economic growth in a country. Since the reform in 1978, China has enjoyed high saving rates. However, in the late 1990s the saving rates rose to such a high level, therefore the economic policy to promote consumption in order to reduce savings was suggested,. This paper attempts explains this paradox of "excessively high saving rates" in relation to the capital accumulation mechanism in rural enterprise (TVEs: Township and Village Enterprises). The determinants of household savings in developing countries is one important topic of the development research. However most studies have ignored investment as one main determinant. In the famous Lewis' model, the savings of farm households for non-farm investment are not considered, because in most cases it is difficult to sort out capitalists from the rural households. The case of the capital formation of TVEs in China offers us an opportunity to test the non farm investment as a saving incentive, because there are no large or small capitalists and landlords available after the agriculture reform in China in 1978. With facts and statistical analyses, this paper has proved that the development of TVEs is an important factor of the high saving rates of rural households since the reform. The way of development of private TVEs and the process of the privatization of the collective showed that owing to the extreme financial discrimination, TVEs underwent an evolution into a financial institution. The demand of TVEs for private credits forced rural households to save and hence function as an informal financial market. The managers have the motivation to save because they want to run a collective TVE or to set up a private TVE. The workers have the motivation to save because they want to get a job or keep their job in TVEs. Using first hand data and statistical analyses, it was plausibly proved that households with manager in TVEs have higher saving rates than non-manager households. It is especially obvious in households with manager in shareholding and shareholding co-operative TVEs. Households with peasant worker in collective TVEs have higher saving rates than others. This implies that collective TVEs used many methods to force their workers to save.
MULTINATIONAL LOCATION DECISIONS AND THE IMPACT ON LABOUR MARKETS
Creators: name: Gaston, Noel
name: Nelson, Douglas
name: Gaston, Noel
name: Nelson, Douglas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: International Relations/Trade
Labor and Human Capital

description: Foreign direct investment (FDI) has grown far more rapidly than trade during the last two decades. As with the other prominent features of globalisation, FDI is controversial. The impact of FDI on labour markets has been of growing concern, particularly, for source countries. The deterioration of labour market conditions for unskilled workers in many OECD countries during the 1980's and 1990's was a primary catalyst for the concern. As for its impact on labour markets, FDI may have effects that, at least in the short- and medium-run, may well dwarf the effects of trade and immigration. In this paper, we present a simple partial equilibrium model that focusses on the location decisions of multinational firms. We use the model to analyse the effects of higher labour standards, a "race-to-the-bottom" and capital market integration.
title: Auraptene-induced cytotoxicity mechanisms in human malignant glioblastoma (U87) cells
title: role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Afshari, Amir R.
name: Jalili-Nik, Mohammad
name: Soukhtanloo, Mohammad
name: Ghorbani, Ahmad
name: Sadeghnia, Hamid R.
name: Mollazadeh, Hamid
name: Karimi Roshan, Mostafa
name: Rahmani, Farzad
name: Sabri, Hamed
name: Vahedi, Mohammad Mahdi
name: Mousavi, Seyed Hadi
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Glioblastoma multiforme
subject: Auraptene
subject: ROS
subject: Apoptosis
subject: 610

description: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), like the devastating type of astrocytic tumors, is one of the most challenging cancers to treat owing to its aggressive nature. Auraptene, as a prenyloxy coumarin from citrus species, represents antioxidant and antitumor activities; however, the underlying antitumor mechanisms of auraptene against GBM remain unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and apoptogenic effect s of auraptene, as a promising natural product, and the possible signaling pathways affected in human malignant GBM (U87) cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production significantly decreased in the first 2, and 6 hours after treatment with auraptene however, ROS levels increased in other incubation times (8 and 24 hours), dramatically. N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) markedly attenuated auraptene–induced ROS production, and consequently reversed auraptene–induced cytotoxicity in 8 and 24 hours after treatment, as well. Induction of apoptosis occurred in the first 24- and 48-hours concentration-dependently. The qRT-PCR showed an up-regulation in p21, CXCL3, and a down-regulation in Cyclin D1 genes expression. Western blot analysis confirmed the up-regulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio protein levels concentration-dependently. Hence, this study collectively revealed that the increase in ROS level is at least one of the mechanisms associated with auraptene-induced GBM cell toxicity as well as the induction of apoptosis through Bax/Bcl-2 modulation and genes expression involved that contribute to the cytotoxicity of auraptene in U87 cells. So, auraptene might be utilized as a potential novel anti-GBM agent after further studies.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 18 2019
Analysis of a seed coat mutant (patchy) in Arabidopsis thaliana
Creators: name: Popma, Theodore Mark
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: During seed development, many plants synthesize, secrete and extrude large quantities of pectic polysaccharides in the form of mucilage from the epidermal cells of the seed coat. These cells also undergo unique morphological changes throughout their development which have been well described. Phenotypic, genetic and molecular characterization of the patchy (pty-1) mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana was undertaken to further determine the genetic factors controlling the development and morphology of this cell type and its production of mucilage. The pty-1 mutation was found to be the result of a T-DNA insertion event and was mapped to distal locus on chromosome 5. Analysis of double mutant created between pty-1 and mum1 (another known seed coat mutant in Arabidopsis) indicates that pty-1 and mum1 interact synergistically with respect to the extrusion of mucilage, and their mutant phenotypes may be due to the altered chemical composition of pectins. Phenotypic characterization of pty-1, a second stronger pty-2 allele, and the pty-1/pty-2 heteroallelic mutant was performed using both light and scanning electron microscopy. These studies suggested that rather than merely affecting pectin composition, mutations at the PTY locus may control the general morphogenesis of this cell type.
Selection and jump rules in electronic Raman scattering from GaAs/Al_{x}Ga_{1-x}As artificial atoms
Creators: name: Delgado, Alain
name: Gonzalez, Augusto
name: Lockwood, D. J.
name: ;
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical description of electronic Raman scattering from GaAs/Al_{x}Ga_{1-x}As artificial atoms under the influence of an external magnetic field is presented. Raman spectra with laser excitation energy in the interval E_{gap}-30 meV to E_{gap} are computed in the polarized and depolarized geometry. The polarization ratios for the collective and single-particle excitations indicate a breakdown of the Raman polarization selection rules once the magnetic field is switched on. A Raman intensity jump rule at the band gap is predicted in our calculations. This rule can be a useful tool for identifying the physical nature (charge or spin) of the electronic excitations in quantum dots in low magnetic fields.
description: Submitted to Phys. Rev. B as a rapid communication
ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE, BIODIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABILITY
Creators: name: Schubert, Renate
name: Dietz, Simon
name: Schubert, Renate
name: Dietz, Simon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This paper deals with the question of whether for biodiversity an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) exists. In addition, we are interested in identifying the key determinants of the falling limb of such a curve. An Environmental Kuznets Curve here is understood to be a graphical representation of a function with the amount of environmental damages in a country as the dependent variable and with per capita income as the independent variable. The graph of this function is assumed to have the shape of an inverted U. As with the general case of environmental damages, the existence of an EKC for biodiversity cannot be proven empirically. On the contrary, an EKC for biodiversity seems rather not to exist. Given the rapid rate of depletion of species diversity, policy measures to protect or even increase the number of species play an important role. In particular, property rights regimes seem to matter with respect to the biodiversity issue. Doubts over the existence of an EKC for biodiversity cast doubts over the corresponding sustainability implications. However, it seems reasonable to interpret losses in species numbers as a signal of danger for sustainability. Therefore, co-ordinated global conservation strategies seem to be the only way forward.
Fibroblast growth factor-10 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer
Creators: name: Farajihaye Qazvini, Fatemeh
name: Samadi, Nasser
name: Saffari, Mojtaba
name: Emami-Razavi, Amir Nader
name: Shirkoohi, Reza
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: FGF-10
subject: Colorectal cancer
subject: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
subject: Invasion
subject: 610

description: As an inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fibroblast growth factor-10 (FGF-10) has a role in cell proliferation and differentiation in the embryo in addition to invasion and metastasis during carcinogenesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the FGF-10 gene expression in tumor tissues based on the pathological feature of tumor related to EMT and metastasis. 62 tumors were obtai ned from 62 colorectal cancer patients during surgery. The pathological characteristics of the patients were carefully collected and classified by Iran National Tumor Bank. To quantify FGF-10 gene expression, RNA extraction, reverse transcription-PCR and real-time PCR were respectively performed. In addition, three colorectal cancer cell lines including LS174T, SW-948 and SW-480 were collected and cultured for further molecular analysis. Consequently, FGF-10 gene expression showed increased expression level in LS174T and SW-948 while it displayed decreased level in SW-480. Considering the tumor samples, we found an upregulation of FGF-10 gene expression in 52.1 % of all tumors in stage III and only in 9.09 % of all tumors in stage I. Also, there were an upregulation of FGF-10 gene expression in 50 % of all positive lymph invasion patients. Besides, FGF-10 gene upregulation was observed in 50 % of all tumors with a size larger than 5 cm (P value < 0.05) and 69 % of all tumors located in the colon (P value < 0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first time that FGF-10 expression is reported based on pathological features of colorectal cancer.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 18 2019
Use, reuse and valorization: a web app for the Italian Cultural Heritage
Creators: name: Fabbris, Giulia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: digital humanities
cultural heritage
digital cultural heritage
Italian cultural heritage
reuse of data
cultural aggregator

description: Poster and abstract presented during the DRHA2023 (Digital Research in the Humanities and Arts) conference, held in Turin, 10-13/09/2023.