cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A TRANSACTION COST ECONOIMCS VIEW OF AGRICULTURE EXCHANGES FOR BIOPOWER: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL CONCERNS
Creators: name: Altman, Ira J.
name: Johnson, Thomas G.
name: Altman, Ira J.
name: Johnson, Thomas G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: transaction cost economics
subject: agricultural biomass exchange

description: This paper reviews theoretical and empirical advances in transaction cost economics with the intention of applying the theory to biopower fuel organization from agricultural sources in future research. This literature provides a useful framework that can inform organizational arrangements of emerging industries such as biomass exchanges for the power industry. Key Words: transaction cost economics, agricultural biomass exchange
Transition from Icosahedral to Decahedral Structure in a Coexisting Solid-Liquid Nickel Cluster
Creators: name: Schebarchov, D.
name: Hendy, S. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used molecular dynamics simulations to construct a microcanonical caloric curve for a 1415-atom Ni icosahedron. Prior to melting the Ni cluster exhibits static solid-liquid phase coexistence. Initially a partial icosahedral structure coexists with a non-wetting melt. However at energies very close to the melting point the icosahedral structure is replaced by a truncated decahedral structure which is almost fully wet by the melt. This structure remains until the cluster fully melts. The transition appears to be driven by a preference for the melt to wet the decahedral structure.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Ideal boundaries of pseudo-Anosov flows and uniform convergence groups, with connections and applications to large scale geometry
Creators: name: Fenley, Sergio R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 37D20, 53C23, 57R30, 37C85, Secondary: 57M50, 37D50, 58D19

description: Given a general pseudo-Anosov flow in a three manifold, the orbit space of the lifted flow to the universal cover is homeomorphic to an open disk. We compactify this orbit space with an ideal circle boundary. If there are no perfect fits between stable and unstable leaves and the flow is not topologically conjugate to a suspension Anosov flow, we then show: The ideal circle of the orbit space has a natural quotient space which is a sphere and is a dynamical systems ideal boundary for a compactification of the universal cover of the manifold. The main result is that the fundamental group acts on the flow ideal boundary as a uniform convergence group. Using a theorem of Bowditch, this yields a proof that the fundamental group of the manifold is Gromov hyperbolic and it shows that the action of the fundamental group on the flow ideal boundary is conjugate to the action on the Gromov ideal boundary. This implies that pseudo-Anosov flows without perfect fits are quasigeodesic flows and we show that the stable/unstable foliations of these flows are quasi-isometric. Finally we apply these results to foliations: if a foliation is R-covered or with one sided branching in an atoroidal three manifold then the results above imply that the leaves of the foliation in the universal cover extend continuously to the sphere at infinity.
description: 69 pages. Major revision, more explanations and simplified some simplified proofs. Detailed explanations of scalloped regions, parabolic points and perfect fit horoballs. 22 figures (3 new figures)
EFFECTS OF RISK, DISEASE, AND NITROGEN SOURCE ON OPTIMAL NITROGEN FERTILIZATION RATES IN WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTION
Creators: name: Howard, Donald D.
name: English, Burton C.
name: Larson, James A.
name: Roberts, Roland K.
name: Walters, Jeremy T.
name: Howard, Donald D.
name: English, Burton C.
name: Larson, James A.
name: Roberts, Roland K.
name: Walters, Jeremy T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Interactions among nitrogen (N) fertilization rate, N source, and disease severity can affect mean yield and yield variance in conservation tillage wheat production. A Just-Pope model was used to evaluate the effects of N rate, N source, and disease on the spring N-fertilization decision. Ammonium nitrate (AN) was the utility-maximizing N source regardless of risk preferences. The net-return-maximizing AN rate was 92 lb N/acre, providing $0.52/acre higher net returns than the best alternative N source (urea). If a farmer could anticipate a higher than average Take-All infection, the difference in optimal net-returns between AN and urea would increase to $35.11/acre.
Managing the supercell approximation for charged defects in semiconductors: finite size scaling, charge correction factors, the bandgap problem and the ab initio dielectric constant
Creators: name: Castleton, C. W. M.
name: Hoglund, A.
name: Mirbt, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The errors arising in ab initio density functional theory studies of semiconductor point defects using the supercell approximation are analyzed. It is demonstrated that a) the leading finite size errors are inverse linear and inverse cubic in the supercell size, and b) finite size scaling over a series of supercells gives reliable isolated charged defect formation energies to around +-0.05 eV. The scaled results are used to test three correction methods. The Makov-Payne method is insufficient, but combined with the scaling parameters yields an ab initio dielectric constant of 11.6+-4.1 for InP. Gamma point corrections for defect level dispersion are completely incorrect, even for shallow levels, but re-aligning the total potential in real-space between defect and bulk cells actually corrects the electrostatic defect-defect interaction errors as well. Isolated defect energies to +-0.1 eV are then obtained using a 64 atom supercell, though this does not improve for larger cells. Finally, finite size scaling of known dopant levels shows how to treat the band gap problem: in less than about 200 atom supercells with no corrections, continuing to consider levels into the theoretical conduction band (extended gap) comes closest to experiment. However, for larger cells or when supercell approximation errors are removed, a scissors scheme stretching the theoretical band gap onto the experimental one is in fact correct.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures (6 figure files). Accepted for Phys Rev B
CONSUMER RESPONSE TO GMO FOODS: BRANDING, CERTIFICATION, AND CONSUMER CHARACTERISTICS
Creators: name: Baker, Gregory A.
name: Mazzocco, Michael A.
name: Baker, Gregory A.
name: Mazzocco, Michael A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Two consumer choice models were developed using conjoint analysis to evaluate the effect of potential strategies to gain consumer acceptance of GMO foods. Results indicate that a government certification program would be more effective than the use of a familiar brand in assuring consumers of the safety of GMO foods.
INITIAL APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY SET PROCEDURES FOR ESTIMATION OF EXPORT BASE EMPLOYMENT
Creators: name: Harris, Thomas R.
name: Thomsen, Roy W.
name: Van Kooten, G. Cornelis
name: Harris, Thomas R.
name: Thomsen, Roy W.
name: Van Kooten, G. Cornelis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: Current export base methods that calculate basic and non-basic employment are too restrictive because they fail to account for uncertainty involved in the process. This paper shows the assignment of industries as either basic or non-basic by the location quotient procedure does not consistently represent the data for Nevada counties. Using fuzzy set procedures and membership functions in conjunction with the location quotient allow more flexibility in terms of matching the data for each industry in the region of interest. Using fuzzy set procedures we determine the proportion of employment that is basic and non-basic in nine non-governmental industries.
Scale and quality of Peccei-Quinn symmetry and weak gravity conjectures
Creators: name: Yin, Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The promising solution to the strong CP problem by a Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry may introduce quality and hierarchy problems, which are both relevant to Planck physics. In this paper, we study whether both problems can be explained by introducing a simple hidden gauge group that satisfies a weak gravity conjecture (WGC) or its variant. As a concrete example, we point out that a weakly-coupled hidden $SU(N)$ gauge symmetry, which is broken down to $SO(N)$, can do this job in the context of a Tower/sub-Lattice WGC. Cosmology is discussed.
description: 19 pages; v2: references and discussion added, typos corrected, conclusions unchanged
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF CROPSHARE AND CASH LEASE CONTRACTS IN SOUTH DAKOTA AND NEBRASKA
Creators: name: Janssen, Larry
name: Cole, John D.
name: Xu, Xuan
name: Johnson, Bruce B.
name: Janssen, Larry
name: Cole, John D.
name: Xu, Xuan
name: Johnson, Bruce B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Farm Management

description: Factors influencing choice of share or cash rental leases for cropland are examined using a 1996 dataset containing 1071 lease contracts in Nebraska and in South Dakota. Logistic regression results indicate tenant's age, capital position, and relationship with landlord were more important than leased land use or crop management variables.
Multi-Photon Synthetic Lattices in Multi-Port Waveguide Arrays: Synthetic Atoms and Fock Graphs
Creators: name: Tschernig, Konrad
name: León-Montiel, Roberto de J.
name: Perez-Leija, Armando
name: Busch, Kurt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Activating transitions between internal states of physical systems has emerged as an appealing approach to create lattices and complex networks. In such a scheme, the internal states or modes of a physical system are regarded as lattice sites or network nodes in an abstract space whose dimensionality may exceed the systems' apparent (geometric) dimensionality. This introduces the notion of synthetic dimensions, thus providing entirely novel pathways for fundamental research and applications. Here, we analytically show that the propagation of multi-photon states through multi-port waveguide arrays gives rise to synthetic dimensions where a single waveguide system generates a multitude of synthetic lattices. Since these synthetic lattices exist in photon-number space, we introduce the concept of pseudo-energy and demonstrate its utility for studying multi-photon interference processes. Specifically, the spectrum of the associated pseudo-energy operator generates a unique ordering of the relevant states. Together with generalized pseudo-energy ladder operators, this allows for representing the dynamics of multi-photon states by way of pseudo-energy term diagrams that are associated with a synthetic atom. As a result, the pseudo-energy representation leads to concise analytical expressions for the eigensystem of $N$ photons propagating through $M$ nearest-neighbor coupled waveguides. In the regime where $N>2$ and $M>2$, non-local coupling in Fock space gives rise to hitherto unknown all-optical dark states which display intriguing non-trivial dynamics.
description: Two-column layout, 11 pages, 8 figures
Hacia una apología del sujeto otro
Creators: name: Betances-Lacourt, Vibeke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 200514 Literature in Spanish and Portuguese
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Este trabajo aborda los temas de la otredad y la abyección en Los reyes y “El perseguidor” de Julio Cortázar. A partir de los señalamientos teóricos de Julia Kristeva, la abyección es entendida como una perturbación que transgrede cualquier tipo de orden mediante ambigüedades desestabilizadoras. En ese sentido, este estudio observa cómo Cortázar desarrolla narraciones que dejan al descubierto que lo abyecto (o lo monstruoso) no es más que una construcción creada por la mirada y la palabra de un «otro» que domina dentro de las estructuras de poder.
A TEMPLATE FOR ONLINE HOMEWORK: FRANKENSTEIN'S MONSTER OR ROBO TA?
Creators: name: Dahlgran, Roger A.
name: Dahlgran, Roger A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: This paper describes the programming procedures required to implement online homework and evaluates the application of these procedures based on use in the author's course. The description of the procedures utilizes a template showing two representative applications from the author's introductory econometrics course. In one, the students are to collect and record data and in the other, students are to perform econometric analysis on the data. The web address for the template is arec.arizona.edu/RoboTA. The use of online homework in the author's economics of futures market course revealed that the benefit-cost tradeoff is between the savings of instructional time spent grading homework and increased instructional time spent developing homework assignments. Online homework is favored by (1) large class sizes, (2) numerous, difficult to grade, numerical homework assignments, (3) continuity of these conditions, and (4) the availability of adaptable programming solutions. Online homework was not found to be more effective in helping students learn, though in some instances automation can lead to more assignments and these additional assignments can be beneficial. The implementation of online homework was associated perceptions of greater usefulness of the course web site and lectures.
Using uniaxial stress to probe the relationship between competing superconducting states in a cuprate with spin-stripe order
Creators: name: Guguchia, Z.
name: Das, D.
name: Wang, C. N.
name: Adachi, T.
name: Kitajima, N.
name: Elender, M.
name: Brückner, F.
name: Ghosh, S.
name: Grinenko, V.
name: Shiroka, T.
name: Müller, M.
name: Mudry, C.
name: Baines, C.
name: Bartkowiak, M.
name: Koike, Y.
name: Amato, A.
name: Tranquada, J. M.
name: Klauss, H. -H.
name: Hicks, C. W.
name: Luetkens, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report muon spin rotation and magnetic susceptibility experiments on in-plane stress effects on the static spin-stripe order and superconductivity in the cuprate system La2-xBaxCuO4 with x = 0.115. An extremely low uniaxial stress of 0.1 GPa induces a substantial decrease in the magnetic volume fraction and a dramatic rise in the onset of 3D superconductivity, from 10 to 32 K; however, the onset of at-least-2D superconductivity is much less sensitive to stress. These results show not only that large-volume-fraction spin-stripe order is anti-correlated with 3D superconducting (SC) coherence, but also that these states are energetically very finely balanced. Moreover, the onset temperatures of 3D superconductivity and spin-stripe order are very similar in the large stress regime. These results strongly suggest a similar pairing mechanism for spin-stripe order, the spatially-modulated 2D and uniform 3D SC orders, imposing an important constraint on theoretical models.
description: To appear in Physical Review Letters (2020)
$q-$Wiener ($α,q)-$ Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes. A generalization of known processes
Creators: name: Szabłowski, Paweł J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 60J25, 60G44, Secondary 05A30, 60K40

description: We collect, scattered through literature, as well as we prove some new properties of two Markov processes that in many ways resemble Wiener and Ornstein--Uhlenbeck processes. Although processes considered in this paper were defined either in non-commutative probability context or through quadratic harnesses we define them once more as so to say 'continuous time ' generalization of a simple, symmetric, discrete time process satisfying simple conditions imposed on the form of its first two conditional moments. The finite dimensional distributions of the first one (say X=(X_{t})_{t\geq0} called q-Wiener) depends on one parameter q\in(-1,1] and of the second one (say Y=(Y_{t})_{t\inR} called (α,q)- Ornstein--Uhlenbeck) on two parameters (α,q)\in(0,\infty)\times(-1,1]. The first one resembles Wiener process in the sense that for q=1 it is Wiener process but also that for |q|<1 and \foralln\geq1: t^{n/2}H_{n}(X_{t}/\surdt|q), where (H_{n})_{n\geq0} are the so called q-Hermite polynomials, are martingales. It does not have however neither independent increments not allows continuous sample path modification. The second one resembles Ornstein--Uhlenbeck process. For q=1 it is a classical OU process. For |q|<1 it is also stationary with correlation function equal to exp(-α|t-s|) and has many properties resembling those of its classical version. We think that these process are fascinating objects to study posing many interesting, open questions.
description: 25 pages
A Typology for Vulnerability and Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaobo
name: Rockmore, Marc
name: Chamberlin, Jordan
name: Zhang, Xiaobo
name: Rockmore, Marc
name: Chamberlin, Jordan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Africa
subject: agriculture
subject: vulnerability
subject: typology

description: This paper considers vulnerability reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from a more aggregated macro viewpoint. We focus on risk related to agriculture, since vulnerability and agriculture are intimately linked in SSA due to the location of the poor, their dependence on agriculture and the inherent risks of an agricultural livelihood. We argue that agricultural growth is one of the most effective means for improving permanent incomes and reducing vulnerability. However, agriculture is not homogeneous, and the inherent risks vary across countries and regions. Therefore, we also discuss appropriate investment strategies and policy instruments for different sets of risks.
Statefinder diagnostic for holographic dark energy model
Creators: name: Zhang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the holographic dark energy model proposed by Li from the statefinder viewpoint. We plot the evolutionary trajectories of the model with $c=1$ in the statefinder parameter-planes. The statefinder diagrams characterize the properties of the holographic dark energy and show the discrimination between this scenario and other dark energy models. We also perform a statefinder diagnostic to the holographic dark energy model in cases of different $c$ which given by three fits to observational data. The result indicates that from the statefinder viewpoint $c$ plays a significant role in this model and should thus be determined seriously by future high precision experiments.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
The XMM Cluster Survey: new evidence for the 3.5 keV feature in clusters is inconsistent with a dark matter origin
Creators: name: Bhargava, S.
name: Giles, P. A.
name: Romer, A. K.
name: Jeltema, T.
name: Mayers, J.
name: Bermeo, A.
name: Hilton, M.
name: Wilkinson, R.
name: Vergara, C.
name: Collins, C. A.
name: Manolopoulou, M.
name: Rooney, P. J.
name: Rosborough, S.
name: Sabirli, K.
name: Stott, J. P.
name: Swann, E.
name: Viana, P. T. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There have been several reports of a detection of an unexplained excess of X-ray emission at $\simeq$ 3.5 keV in astrophysical systems. One interpretation of this excess is the decay of sterile neutrino dark matter. The most influential study to date analysed 73 clusters observed by the XMM-Newton satellite. We explore evidence for a $\simeq$ 3.5 keV excess in the XMM-PN spectra of 117 redMaPPer galaxy clusters ($0.1 < z < 0.6$). In our analysis of individual spectra, we identify three systems with an excess of flux at $\simeq$ 3.5 keV. In one case (XCS J0003.3+0204) this excess may result from a discrete emission line. None of these systems are the most dark matter dominated in our sample. We group the remaining 114 clusters into four temperature ($T_{\rm X}$) bins to search for an increase in $\simeq$ 3.5 keV flux excess with $T_{\rm X}$ - a reliable tracer of halo mass. However, we do not find evidence of a significant excess in flux at $\simeq$ 3.5 keV in any $T_{\rm X}$ bins. To maximise sensitivity to a potentially weak dark matter decay feature at $\simeq$ 3.5 keV, we jointly fit 114 clusters. Again, no significant excess is found at $\simeq$ 3.5 keV. We estimate the upper limit of an undetected emission line at $\simeq$ 3.5 keV to be $2.41 \times 10^{-6}$ photons cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, corresponding to a mixing angle of $\sin^2(2θ)=4.4 \times 10^{-11}$, lower than previous estimates from cluster studies. We conclude that a flux excess at $\simeq$ 3.5 keV is not a ubiquitous feature in clusters and therefore unlikely to originate from sterile neutrino dark matter decay.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Das anaphorische Fürbittgebiet der byzantinischen Chrysostomusliturgie
Creators: name: Engberding, Hieronymus
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 46 (1962): Oriens christianus, Band 46
Jacobians and branch points of real analytic open maps
Creators: name: Hirsch, Morris W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26E05, 26B10 (primary) 54C10 (secondary)

description: The main result is that the Jacobian determinant of an analytic open map from Euclidean n-space to itself does not change sign. A corollary of the proof is that the set of branch points has dimension < n-1.
description: 4 pages
Hot gaseous atmospheres of rotating galaxies observed with XMM-Newton
Creators: name: Juráňová, A.
name: Werner, N.
name: Nulsen, P. E. J.
name: Gaspari, M.
name: Lakhchaura, K.
name: Canning, R. E. A.
name: Donahue, M.
name: Hroch, F.
name: Voit, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray emitting atmospheres of non-rotating early-type galaxies and their connection to central active galactic nuclei have been thoroughly studied over the years. However, in systems with significant angular momentum, processes of heating and cooling are likely to proceed differently. We present an analysis of the hot atmospheres of six lenticulars and a spiral galaxy to study the effects of angular momentum on the hot gas properties. We find an alignment between the hot gas and the stellar distribution, with the ellipticity of the X-ray emission generally lower than that of the optical stellar emission, consistent with theoretical predictions for rotationally-supported hot atmospheres. The entropy profiles of NGC 4382 and the massive spiral galaxy NGC 1961 are significantly shallower than the entropy distribution in other galaxies, suggesting the presence of strong heating (via outflows or compressional) in the central regions of these systems. Finally, we investigate the thermal (in)stability of the hot atmospheres via criteria such as the TI- and C-ratio, and discuss the possibility that the discs of cold gas present in these objects have condensed out of the hot atmospheres.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, submitted to MNRAS
The mechanics of glass and functionalised glass surfaces
Creators: name: Barthel, E.
name: Beauvais, M.
name: Briard, R.
name: Chemin, N.
name: Dalmas, D.
name: Heitz, C.
name: Klotz, M.
name: Nael, P.
name: Perriot, A.
name: Pinquier, A.
name: Roux, S.
name: Serreau, L.
name: Sondergard, E.
name: Vandembroucq, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Glass is highly sensitive to surface flaws generated by contact. Surface cracks threaten both its mechanical strength and visual aspect. Recent trends in glass functionalisation by grafting or coating lend an even more prominent role to the surface. For these reasons, the glass surface mechanics, which couples surface physico-chemistry with mechanical response, must be considered in details to optimize glass processing and products. We review a few recent advances in the field of glass surface mechanics, with special emphasis on the local ductility of silicate glasses and the mechanical stability of films and coatings.
Computational investigation of the effect of microstructure on the scratch resistance of tungsten-carbide nickel composite coatings
Creators: Parsazadeh, Mohammad
Fisher, Gary
McDonald, André
Hogan, James D.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2021

Sliding wear was simulated for tungsten carbide-nickel (WC-Ni) composites with different WC particle sizes and volume fractions under various normal forces. Johnson-Cook and Johnson-Holmquist models were employed to simulate the mechanical behaviour of the Ni and WC phases, respectively. Using high-powered parallel computing, a detailed parametric study was conducted to understand the effects of normal force, WC particle size, WC particle volume fraction, and their interaction on the worn volume and the material removal mechanisms in WC-Ni metal matrix composite coating materials. This allowed for investigation of the competition and transition between microploughing, microcutting, and microfatigue. The results revealed that the stress was distributed better in the composite coating with higher particle volume fraction and smaller particle size, which increased the ability of the composite coating to resist deformation and wear. It was also found that the material removal mechanism changed from microploughing to microcutting with an increase in particle volume fraction. The worn volume was calculated for different combinations of intrinsic (e.g., WC particle size and volume fraction) and external (e.g., normal force) parameters considered in this study. The data obtained was used to train a machine learning-based model using artificial neural networks. The trained model was further employed to predict the worn volume, and the results revealed that a mechanistic modelling approach can predict worn volume reasonably well.
Time-tagged Photon Detection for Measuring Air Pollutants
Creators: name: Wareham, Jasmine V.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Air pollution is one of the biggest environmental concerns worldwide due to its damaging effects on ecosystems, the economy and human health. One harmful air pollutant is nitrogen dioxide (NO2) which, in the UK, mainly emanates from vehicle emissions. NO2 affects the respiratory system and is particularly problematic for children, the elderly and people with existing health conditions, such as asthma. Accurate monitoring of air pollutants is therefore vital in order to: 1) assess which locations are affected, 2) monitor the efficacy of pollution controls, and 3) inform policy makers of ways to control and/or mitigate the effects of poor air quality. This thesis develops a novel “time-tagged” spectroscopic instrument to directly quantify NO2 at the concentrations present in ambient air (but with wider applications for also measuring other trace gases). By recording time- and wavelength-resolved information about light passing through a ring-down cavity, the new time-tagged approach combines advantages from two established techniques. Firstly, like in broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (BBCEAS), the sample’s absorption spectrum is measured over an extended bandwidth (here 440 – 470 nm), enabling NO2 to be identified and fitted by its unique absorption features. Secondly, measurement of the light’s phase delay, like in phase shift cavity ring-down spectroscopy (PSCRDS), provides the absolute measure of the cavity mirrors’ reflectivity otherwise lacking in conventional BBCEAS. The time-tagged instrument achieved a detection limit of 3.5 ppbV (1 in 9 minutes) in laboratory experiments using NO2 diluted in nitrogen. The instrument also demonstrated strong agreement with a commercial CAPS NO2 detector: a linear correlation plot of the two datasets yielded a gradient close to 1:1 (1.013  0.008) and a zero offset (−0.02 ± 0.6 ppbV). Typical concentrations of NO2 measured by the time-tagged instrument in ambient air were 19.2 ± 4.1 ppbV.
Methodologisches zum Studium der Anweisungen Aphrahaṭs
Creators: name: Võõbus, Arthur
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 46 (1962): Oriens christianus, Band 46
Impact of Soil Conservation on Crop Production in the Northern Ethiopian Highlands
Creators: name: Kassie, Menale
name: Pender, John L.
name: Yesuf, Mahmud
name: Kohlin, Gunnar
name: Bluffstone, Randall
name: Mulugeta, Elias
name: Kassie, Menale
name: Pender, John L.
name: Yesuf, Mahmud
name: Kohlin, Gunnar
name: Bluffstone, Randall
name: Mulugeta, Elias
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Ethiopia
subject: Soil conservation
subject: crop production
subject: agro-ecology
subject: matching method
subject: stochastic dominance
subject: modified random effects model

description: Land degradation, in the form of soil erosion and nutrient depletion, threatens food security and the sustainability of agricultural production in many developing countries. Governments and development agencies have invested substantial resources in promoting soil conservation practices, in an effort to improve environmental conditions and reduce poverty. However, very limited rigorous empirical work has examined the economics of adopting soil conservation technology. This paper investigates the impact of stone bunds1 on crop production value per hectare in low and high rainfall areas of the Ethiopian highlands using cross-sectional data from more than 900 households having multiple plots per household. We use modified random effects models, stochastic dominance analysis (SDA) and matching methods to ensure robustness. The parametric regression and SDA estimates are based on matched observations obtained from nearest neighbor matching using propensity score estimates. This is important because conventional regression and SDA estimates are obtained without ensuring the existence of comparable conserved and non-conserved plots within the distribution of covariates. Here, we use matching methods, random effects and Mundlak’s approach to control for selection and endogeneity biases that may arise due to correlation of unobserved heterogeneity and observed explanatory variables. The three methods used herein consistently show that plots with stone bunds are more productive than those without such technologies in semi-arid areas but not in higher rainfall areas, apparently because the moistureconserving benefits of this technology are more beneficial in drier areas. This implies that the performance of stone bunds varies by agro-ecological type, suggesting a need for the design and implementation of appropriate site-specific technologies.
Recognition and 3D Localization of Pedestrian Actions from Monocular Video
Creators: name: Hayakawa, Jun
name: Dariush, Behzad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Understanding and predicting pedestrian behavior is an important and challenging area of research for realizing safe and effective navigation strategies in automated and advanced driver assistance technologies in urban scenes. This paper focuses on monocular pedestrian action recognition and 3D localization from an egocentric view for the purpose of predicting intention and forecasting future trajectory. A challenge in addressing this problem in urban traffic scenes is attributed to the unpredictable behavior of pedestrians, whereby actions and intentions are constantly in flux and depend on the pedestrians pose, their 3D spatial relations, and their interaction with other agents as well as with the environment. To partially address these challenges, we consider the importance of pose toward recognition and 3D localization of pedestrian actions. In particular, we propose an action recognition framework using a two-stream temporal relation network with inputs corresponding to the raw RGB image sequence of the tracked pedestrian as well as the pedestrian pose. The proposed method outperforms methods using a single-stream temporal relation network based on evaluations using the JAAD public dataset. The estimated pose and associated body key-points are also used as input to a network that estimates the 3D location of the pedestrian using a unique loss function. The evaluation of our 3D localization method on the KITTI dataset indicates the improvement of the average localization error as compared to existing state-of-the-art methods. Finally, we conduct qualitative tests of action recognition and 3D localization on HRI's H3D driving dataset.
Exploring the QCD phase diagram via the collision energy dependence of multi-particle femtoscopy with PHENIX
Creators: name: Csanad, Mate
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exploration of the rich structure of the QCD phase diagram is an important topic in the RHIC heavy ion program. One of the ultimate goals of this program is to search for the critical endpoint. Investigation of the space-time structure of hadron emissions at various phase transition points using Bose-Einstein correlations of identical bosons may provide insight on the location of the critical endpoint. PHENIX has performed comprehensive measurements of the Bose-Einstein correlation in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 15, 19, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV, where we incorporated Levy-type source functions to describe the measured correlation functions. We put particular focus on one of the parameters of the Levy-type source functions, the index of stability alpha, which is related to one of the critical exponents (the so-called correlation exponent eta). We have measured its collision energy and centrality dependence. We have also extended our analysis from two-particle to three-particle correlations to characterize the nature of the hadron emission source. The three particle correlations confirmed the findings of the two-particle correlations, and also provide insight on the pion production mechanism beyond the core-halo model.
description: Proceedings of the Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics (1-7 March 2020)
Short-Range Correlations and the Nuclear EMC Effect in Deuterium and Helium-3
Creators: name: Segarra, E. P.
name: Pybus, J. R.
name: Hauenstein, F.
name: Higinbotham, D. W.
name: Miller, G. A.
name: Piasetzky, E.
name: Schmidt, A.
name: Strikman, M.
name: Weinstein, L. B.
name: Hen, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The EMC effect in deuterium and helium-3 is studied using a convolution formalism that allows isolating the impact of high-momentum nucleons in short-ranged correlated (SRC) pairs. We assume that the modification of the structure function of bound nucleons is given by a universal (i.e. nucleus independent) function of their virtuality, and find that the effect of such modifications is dominated by nucleons in SRC pairs. This SRC-dominance of nucleon modifications is observed despite the fact that the bulk of the nuclear inelastic scattering cross-section comes from interacting with low-momentum nucleons. These findings are found to be robust to model details including nucleon modification function parametrization, free nucleon structure function and treatment of nucleon motion effects. While existing data cannot discriminate between such model details, we present predictions for measured, but not yet published, tritium EMC effect and tagged nucleon structure functions in deuterium that are sensitive to the neutron structure functions and bound nucleon modification functions.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, and online supplementary materials
Dynamics and control of a novel manipulator with deployable and slewing links
Creators: name: Zhang, Jian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The thesis investigates the planar dynamics and control of a novel, flexible, multimodule manipulator with slewing and deployable links, which may be used in space - as well as ground - based operations. The system is composed of a flexible orbiting platform supporting two modules connected in a chain topology. Each module consists of two links: one free to slew while the other permitted to deploy and retrieve. There are three major aspects to the study. To begin with, a detailed dynamical response study is undertaken which assesses the influence of initial conditions, system parameters, and manipulator maneuvers on the system response. Results suggest that, under critical combinations of parameters, the response may not conform to the acceptable limit. This points to a need for active control. Next, the study focuses on the behavior of the system using two different control methodologies: (i) the nonlinear Feedback Linearization Technique (FLT) applied to rigid degrees of freedom with flexible generalized coordinates indirectly regulated through coupling; (ii) an integration of the FLT and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) to achieve active control of both rigid and flexible degrees of freedom. Finally, the thesis presents the development of an intelligent hierarchical system for the vibration control of the manipulator. The emphasis is on the use of knowledge-based tuning of the low-level direct controller so as to improve the performance of the control system. For this purpose, first a fuzzy inference system (FIS) is developed. The FIS is then combined with a conventional modal controller to construct a hierarchical control system. Specifically, a knowledge-based fuzzy system is used to tune the parameters of the modal controller. The effectiveness of the hierarchical control system is assessed through simulation studies. Results show that the knowledge-based hierarchical control system is quite effective in suppressing vibrations due to a wide variety of disturbances, and performance of the modal controller can be significantly improved through knowledge-based tuning. Such a comprehensive investigation involving dynamics and controlled performance of a robotic system should prove useful in the design of this new class of manipulators. The study lays a sound foundation for further exploration of this class of novel manipulators.
Branching Fractions and CP Violation in $B^-\to K^+K^-π^-$ and $B^-\to π^+π^-π^-$ Decays
Creators: name: Cheng, Hai-Yang
name: Chua, Chun-Khiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present in this work a study of tree-dominated charmless three-body decays of $B$ mesons, $B^-\to K^+K^-π^-$ and $B^-\toπ^+π^-π^-$, within the factorization approach. The main results are: (i) There are two distinct sources of nonresonant contributions: one arises from the $b\to u$ tree transition and the other from the nonresonant matrix element of scalar densities $\langle M_1M_2|\bar q_1 q_2|0\rangle^{\rm NR}$. It turns out that even for tree-dominated three-body decays, dominant nonresonant contributions originate from the penguin diagram rather than from the $b\to u$ tree process, as implied by the large nonresonant component observed recently in the $π^- K^+$ system which accounts for one third of the $B^-\to K^+K^-π^-$ rate. (ii) The calculated branching fraction of $B^-\to f_2(1270)π^-\to K^+K^-π^-$ is smaller than the LHCb by a factor of $\sim 7$ in its central value, but the predicted $\B(B^-\to f_2(1270)π^-\toπ^+π^-π^-)$ is consistent with the data. Branching fractions of $B^-\to f_2(1270)π^-$ extracted from the LHCb measurements of these two processes also differ by a factor of seven! Therefore, it is likely that the $f_2(1270)$ contribution to $B^-\to K^+K^-π^-$ is largely overestimated experimentally. Including $1/m_b$ power corrections from penguin annihilation inferred from QCD factorization (QCDF), a sizable CP asymmetry of 32\% in the $f_2(1270)$ component agrees with experiment. (iii) A fraction of 5\% for the $ρ(1450)$ component in $B^-\toπ^+π^-π^-$ is in accordance with the theoretical expectation. However, a large fraction of 30\% in $B^-\to K^+K^-π^-$ is entirely unexpected. This issue needs to be clarified in the future.
description: 40 pages and 5 figures, discussions added on p.5 and p.9, version to appear in PRD
Unlocking the Garden of Eden: a postcolonial reading of tourists’ and locals’ image of Seychelles
Creators: name: Herve Atayi
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: There is a growing interest in destinations’ image and, in particular, how Third World countries and their hosts are represented in tourist brochures.It has been argued that brochures influence tourists’ decisions by appealing to their presuppositions, beliefs and expectations using well-crafted wordings evoking paradise, exoticism and the surreal. Theoretical frameworks drawn from the social sciences have been used to explain and understand destinations’ image formation in Third World countries. However, none of them have examined, in-depth, the Indian Ocean, thus making the region under-studied, and in particular the islands of Seychelles. Moreover, the formation of the image of a destination is consistently represented through tourist brochures and media, thus neglecting the lived experience of tourists and locals alike.The literature review reveals that messages from brochures have been met with controversy, especially due to stereotyping and misrepresentation, which lead to a discrepancy between the advertised image and reality. Such representations gave rise to debates on tourism, localism, postcolonialism and authenticity. The main objective of this research is to understand how the image of Seychelles is represented by tourists and locals and how it is interpreted.Using photo-elicitation, combined with in-depth interviews, this paper seeks to understand, from a phenomenological standpoint, tourists’ and locals’ experience in Seychelles in terms of image representation. The study allows the respondents to take their own photographs, representing their views on what Seychelles is about in terms of image. By doing so, the researcher attempts to bridge the gap between the image that is constructed in tourist brochures and the actual lived experience of tourists and locals in Seychelles using a phenomenological approach.By using postcolonial theory as one of the interpretation tools, the findings reveal that the image of Seychelles can be summarized as place, people and price. These 3Ps, are a combination of physical attributes of the place, the actors’ lived experience and the perceived image they have of themselves. I argue that the 3Ps could be a grid through which a tourist researcher may construct the image of a destination. The process has also led me to propose a further three steps that can contribute to an image formation. I name them: initial image, conflicted image and dominant image. I further draw the conclusion, using postcolonial theory, that locals use their voice as a resistance tool not only to refute the stereotypes but to construct their own self. By doing so, the locals demonstrate what I coin a self-authenticity.
Convection and Spin-Up During Common Envelope Evolution: The Formation of Short-Period Double White Dwarfs
Creators: name: Wilson, E. C.
name: Nordhaus, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation channels and predicted populations of double-white dwarfs (DWDs) are important because a subset will evolve to be gravitational-wave sources and/or progenitors of Type Ia supernovae. Given the observed population of short-period DWDs, we calculate the outcomes of common envelope evolution when convective effects are included. For each observed white dwarf in a DWD system, we identify all progenitor stars with an equivalent proto-WD core mass from a comprehensive suite of stellar evolution models. With the second observed white dwarf as the companion, we calculate the conditions under which convection can accommodate the energy released as the orbit decays, including (if necessary), how much the envelope must spin-up during the common envelope phase. The predicted post-CE final separations closely track the observed DWD orbital parameter space, further strengthening the view that convection is a key ingredient in common envelope evolution.
description: Accepted to MNRAS