cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sufficient conditions for uniqueness of the weak value
Creators: name: Dressel, J.
name: Jordan, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review and clarify the sufficient conditions for uniquely defining the generalized weak value as the weak limit of a conditioned average using the contextual values formalism introduced in Dressel J, Agarwal S and Jordan A N 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 240401. We also respond to criticism of our work in [arXiv:1105.4188v1] concerning a proposed counter-example to the uniqueness of the definition of the generalized weak value. The counter-example does not satisfy our prescription in the case of an underspecified measurement context. We show that when the contextual values formalism is properly applied to this example, a natural interpretation of the measurement emerges and the unique definition in the weak limit holds. We also prove a theorem regarding the uniqueness of the definition under our sufficient conditions for the general case. Finally, a second proposed counter-example in [arXiv:1105.4188v6] is shown not to satisfy the sufficiency conditions for the provided theorem.
description: 17 pages, final published response
Entwicklungsförderung und Gewaltprävention für junge Menschen
Impulse des DFK-Sachverständigenrates für die Auswahl & Durchführung wirksamer Programme - Ein Leitfaden für die Praxis
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Jugend , Gewalt , Prävention
subject: 360

description: Zweitveröffentlichung
Intrinsic Volumes of the Maximal Polytope Process in Higher Dimensional STIT Tessellations
Creators: name: Schreiber, Tomasz
name: Thaele, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 60D05, Secondary: 52A22, 60F05

description: Stationary and isotropic iteration stable random tessellations are considered, which can be constructed by a random process of cell division. The collection of maximal polytopes at a fixed time $t$ within a convex window $W\subset{\Bbb R}^d$ is regarded and formulas for mean values, variances, as well as a characterization of certain covariance measures are proved. The focus is on the case $d\geq 3$, which is different from the planar one, treated separately in \cite{ST2}. Moreover, a multivariate limit theorem for the vector of suitably rescaled intrinsic volumes is established, leading in each component -- in sharp contrast to the situation in the plane -- to a non-Gaussian limit.
description: 27 pages
Improving transport layer performance over multi-hop wireless networks by machine learning
Creators: name: Arianpoo, Nasim
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: The emerging use of multi-homed wireless devices along with simultaneous multi-path data transfer offers tremendous potentials to improve the capacity of multi-hop wireless networks. Concurrent Multi-path Transfer (CMT) over Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a form of reliable multi-path transport layer protocol with unique features that resonate with multi-path nature of the multi-hop wireless networks. The present thesis identifies and addresses some of the challenges of CMT-SCTP over wireless multi-hop networks. One main challenge raised by the multi-hop wireless network for CMT-SCTP is the out-of-order packet arrival. SCTP uses packet sequence number to ensure delivery. As such, the out-of-order packet arrival triggers receive buffer blocking in CMT-SCTP that causes throughput degradation. Another challenge in using CMT-SCTP over multi-hop wireless networks is the unfair resource allocation towards flows coming from farther away hops. The first part of this thesis focuses on integrating machine learning and network coding in CMT-SCTP to resolve the receive buffer blocking problem. Our state-of-the-art scheme uses Q-learning, a form of Reinforcement Learning (RL), to enable the network coding module to adjust to network dynamics. We confirm the veracity of our proposal by a queuing theory based mathematical model. Moreover, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through simulations and testbed experiments. In the second part of the thesis, we investigate the fairness behavior of CMT-SCTP towards other CMT or non-CMT flows coming from farther away hops on a multi-hop wireless network. We introduce a Q-learning distributed mechanism to enhance fairness in CMT-SCTP. The proposed method uses Q-learning to acquire knowledge about the dynamics of the network. Consequently, the acquired knowledge is used to choose the best action to improve the fairness index of the network. We evaluate our proposal against standard CMT-SCTP and Resource Pool CMT-SCTP (CMT/RP-SCTP). In the third part of this thesis, we apply our findings in the second part to TCP to demonstrate that the benefits of our fairness mechanism can be extended to other transport layer protocols. The findings of this thesis bring us closer to realization of the vast potential of multi-path data transfer over multi-hop wireless networks.
First Observational Tests of Eternal Inflation: Analysis Methods and WMAP 7-Year Results
Creators: name: Feeney, Stephen M.
name: Johnson, Matthew C.
name: Mortlock, Daniel J.
name: Peiris, Hiranya V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the picture of eternal inflation, our observable universe resides inside a single bubble nucleated from an inflating false vacuum. Many of the theories giving rise to eternal inflation predict that we have causal access to collisions with other bubble universes, providing an opportunity to confront these theories with observation. We present the results from the first observational search for the effects of bubble collisions, using cosmic microwave background data from the WMAP satellite. Our search targets a generic set of properties associated with a bubble collision spacetime, which we describe in detail. We use a modular algorithm that is designed to avoid a posteriori selection effects, automatically picking out the most promising signals, performing a search for causal boundaries, and conducting a full Bayesian parameter estimation and model selection analysis. We outline each component of this algorithm, describing its response to simulated CMB skies with and without bubble collisions. Comparing the results for simulated bubble collisions to the results from an analysis of the WMAP 7-year data, we rule out bubble collisions over a range of parameter space. Our model selection results based on WMAP 7-year data do not warrant augmenting LCDM with bubble collisions. Data from the Planck satellite can be used to more definitively test the bubble collision hypothesis.
description: Companion to arXiv:1012.1995. 41 pages, 23 figures. v2: replaced with version accepted by PRD. Significant extensions to the Bayesian pipeline to do the full-sky non-Gaussian source detection problem (previously restricted to patches). Note that this has changed the normalization of evidence values reported previously, as full-sky priors are now employed, but the conclusions remain unchanged
Homological stability for configuration spaces of manifolds
Creators: name: Church, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let C_n(M) be the configuration space of n distinct ordered points in M. We prove that if M is any connected orientable manifold (closed or open), the homology groups H_i(C_n(M); Q) are representation stable in the sense of [Church-Farb]. Applying this to the trivial representation, we obtain as a corollary that the unordered configuration space B_n(M) satisfies classical homological stability: for each i, H_i(B_n(M); Q) is isomorphic to H_i(B_{n+1}(M); Q) for n > i. This improves on results of McDuff, Segal, and others for open manifolds. Applied to closed manifolds, this provides natural examples where rational homological stability holds even though integral homological stability fails. To prove the main theorem, we introduce the notion of monotonicity for a sequence of S_n--representations, which is of independent interest. Monotonicity provides a new mechanism for proving representation stability using spectral sequences. The key technical point in the main theorem is that certain sequences of induced representations are monotone.
description: 33 pages. v3: improved stable range. Final version, to appear in Inventiones Mathematicae
Perfect Reconstruction Two-Channel Wavelet Filter-Banks for Graph Structured Data
Creators: name: Narang, Sunil K.
name: Ortega, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work we propose the construction of two-channel wavelet filterbanks for analyzing functions defined on the vertices of any arbitrary finite weighted undirected graph. These graph based functions are referred to as graph-signals as we build a framework in which many concepts from the classical signal processing domain, such as Fourier decomposition, signal filtering and downsampling can be extended to graph domain. Especially, we observe a spectral folding phenomenon in bipartite graphs which occurs during downsampling of these graphs and produces aliasing in graph signals. This property of bipartite graphs, allows us to design critically sampled two-channel filterbanks, and we propose quadrature mirror filters (referred to as graph-QMF) for bipartite graph which cancel aliasing and lead to perfect reconstruction. For arbitrary graphs we present a bipartite subgraph decomposition which produces an edge-disjoint collection of bipartite subgraphs. Graph-QMFs are then constructed on each bipartite subgraph leading to "multi-dimensional" separable wavelet filterbanks on graphs. Our proposed filterbanks are critically sampled and we state necessary and sufficient conditions for orthogonality, aliasing cancellation and perfect reconstruction. The filterbanks are realized by Chebychev polynomial approximations.
description: 32 pages double spaced 12 Figures, to appear in IEEE Transactions of Signal Processing
Field and temperature dependence of the NMR relaxation rate in the magnetic quadrupolar liquid phase of spin-1/2 frustrated ferromagnetic chains
Creators: name: Sato, Masahiro
name: Hikihara, Toshiya
name: Momoi, Tsutomu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is generally difficult to experimentally distinguish magnetic multipolar orders in spin systems. Recently, it was proposed that the temperature dependence of the nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation rate 1/T_1 can involve an indirect, but clear signature of the field-induced spin nematic or multipolar Tomonaga-Luttinger (TL) liquid phase [Phys. Rev. B79, 060406(R) (2009)]. In this paper, we evaluate accurately the field and temperature dependence of 1/T_1 in spin-1/2 frustrated J1-J2 chains combining field-theoretical techniques with numerical data. Our results demonstrate that isotherms of 1/T_1 as a function of magnetic field also exhibit distinctive non-monotonic behavior in spin nematic TL liquid, in contrast with the standard TL liquid in the spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain. The relevance of our results to quasi one-dimensional edge-sharing cuprate magnets, such as LiCuVO4, is discussed.
description: 11 pages (2 column), 5 figures, published version
First Observational Tests of Eternal Inflation
Creators: name: Feeney, Stephen M.
name: Johnson, Matthew C.
name: Mortlock, Daniel J.
name: Peiris, Hiranya V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The eternal inflation scenario predicts that our observable universe resides inside a single bubble embedded in a vast inflating multiverse. We present the first observational tests of eternal inflation, performing a search for cosmological signatures of collisions with other bubble universes in cosmic microwave background data from the WMAP satellite. We conclude that the WMAP 7-year data do not warrant augmenting LCDM with bubble collisions, constraining the average number of detectable bubble collisions on the full sky to be less than 1.6 at 68% CL. Data from the Planck satellite can be used to more definitively test the bubble collision hypothesis.
description: Companion to arXiv:1012.3667. 5 pages, 2 figures. v3: replaced with version accepted by PRL. Significant extensions to the Bayesian pipeline to do the full-sky non-Gaussian source detection problem (previously restricted to patches). Note that this has changed the normalization of evidence values reported previously, as full-sky priors are now employed, but the conclusions remain unchanged
The quasi-free-standing nature of graphene on H-saturated SiC(0001)
Creators: name: Speck, F.
name: Jobst, J.
name: Fromm, F.
name: Ostler, M.
name: Waldmann, D.
name: Hundhausen, M.
name: Weber, H. B.
name: Seyller, Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on an investigation of quasi-free-standing graphene on 6H-SiC(0001) which was prepared by intercalation of hydrogen under the buffer layer. Using infrared absorption spectroscopy we prove that the SiC(0001) surface is saturated with hydrogen. Raman spectra demonstrate the conversion of the buffer layer into graphene which exhibits a slight tensile strain and short range defects. The layers are hole doped (p = 5.0-6.5 x 10^12 cm^(-2)) with a carrier mobility of 3,100 cm^2/Vs at room temperature. Compared to graphene on the buffer layer a strongly reduced temperature dependence of the mobility is observed for graphene on H-terminated SiC(0001)which justifies the term "quasi-free-standing".
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Applied Physics Letters
3D Magneto-Hydrodynamic Simulations of Parker Instability with Cosmic Rays
Creators: name: Lo, Ying-Yi
name: Ko, Chung-Ming
name: Wang, Chih-Yueh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study investigates Parker instability in an interstellar medium (ISM) near the Galactic plane using three-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic simulations. Parker instability arises from the presence of a magnetic field in a plasma, wherein the magnetic buoyant pressure expels the gas and cause the gas to move along the field lines. The process is thought to induce the formation of giant molecular clouds in the Galaxy. In this study, the effects of cosmic-ray (CR) diffusion are examined. The ISM at equilibrium is assumed to comprise a plasma fluid and a CR fluid at various temperatures, with a uniform magnetic field passing through it in the azimuthal direction of the Galactic disk. After a small perturbation, the unstable gas aggregates at the footpoint of the magnetic fields and forms dense blobs. The growth rate of the instability increases with the strength of the CR diffusion. The formation of dense clouds is enhanced by the effect of cosmic rays (CRs), whereas the shape of the clouds depends sensitively on the initial conditions of perturbation.
description: 4 pages, Computer Physics Communications 2011, 182, p177-179
Reactive processing of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in aqueous aerosol mimics: Surface tension depression and secondary organic products
Creators: name: Li, Zhi
name: Schwier, Allison N.
name: Sareen, Neha
name: McNeill, V. Faye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reactive uptake of carbonyl-containing volatile organic compounds (cVOCs) by aqueous atmospheric aerosols is a likely source of particulate organic material. The aqueous-phase secondary organic products of some cVOCs are surface-active. Therefore, cVOC uptake can lead to organic film formation at the gas-aerosol interface and changes in aerosol surface tension. We examined the chemical reactions of two abundant cVOCs, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, in water and aqueous ammonium sulfate (AS) solutions mimicking tropospheric aerosols. Secondary organic products were identified using Aerosol Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (Aerosol-CIMS), and changes in surface tension were monitored using pendant drop tensiometry. Hemiacetal oligomers and aldol condensation products were identified using Aerosol-CIMS. Acetaldehyde depresses surface tension to 65(\pm2) dyn/cm in pure water (a 10% surface tension reduction from that of pure water) and 62(\pm1) dyn/cm in AS solutions (a 20.6% reduction from that of a 3.1 M AS solution). Surface tension depression by formaldehyde in pure water is negligible; in AS solutions, a 9% reduction in surface tension is observed. Mixtures of these species were also studied in combination with methylglyoxal in order to evaluate the influence of cross-reactions on surface tension depression and product formation in these systems. We find that surface tension depression in the solutions containing mixed cVOCs exceeds that predicted by an additive model based on the single-species isotherms.
description: Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22 November 2011
title: Chronologie: Präsidien, Ausschüsse und Vorstände
title: erstellt von Ortwin Heim
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Heim, Ortwin
Publisher: name: Graz University Library Publishing
Year: 2021

description: 75 Jahre VÖB. 1946–2021, Hg. v. Alker-Windbichler, Bauer und Köstner-Pemsel, 2021, S. 409–442
Cosmic Ray transport through gyroresonance instability in compressible turbulence
Creators: name: Yan, Huirong
name: Lazarian, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nonlinear growth of kinetic gyroresonance instability of cosmic rays (CRs) induced by large scale compressible turbulence. This feedback of cosmic rays on turbulence was shown to induce an important scattering mechanism in addition to direct interaction with the compressible turbulence. The linear growth is bound to saturate due to the wave-particle interactions. By balancing increase of CR anisotropy via the large scale compression and its decrease via the wave-particle scattering, we find the steady state solutions. The nonlinear suppression due to the wave-particle scattering limit the energy range of CRs that can excite the instabilities and be scattered by the induced slab waves. The direct interaction with large scale compressible modes still appears to be the dominant mechanism for isotropization of high energy cosmic rays (> 100 GeV).
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, typos corrected, ApJ in press
Finanzierung von OA-Monographien - Erfahrungen an der SLUB Dresden
Creators: name: Deola Schennerlein, Eloísa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: OA-Monographien
Publikationskosten
Finanzierung

description: Spätestens mit den DEAL-Verträgen wurden im Bereich der Artikelförderung die Weichen für das Förderverhältnis zwischen Verlagen und Bibliotheken gestellt. Die Rahmenbedingungen für die Monographienförderung sind dagegen noch mit vielen Fragen verbunden. Hohe "Book-Processing-Charges" und Open-Access-Gebühren in schwer nachvollziehbarer Bepreisung stehen dem Wunsch der Bibliotheken gegenüber, transparente Preise für Dienstleistungen zu zahlen und eine Preisspirale wie bei der Artikelförderung zu vermeiden. Ziel einer Förderung für OA-Monographienförderung muss daher sein, auf eine nachhaltige, finanzierbare und transparente Publikationskultur hinzuwirken.
 An der SLUB Dresden wurde im Jahr 2020 ein Publikationsfonds für Monographien eingerichtet, mit dessen Konzeptionierung genau diese Zielstellung verfolgt wird. Die Aufstellung der Förderkriterien spielt dabei ebenso eine Rolle, wie die Kommunikation und Zusammenarbeit mit AutorInnen und Verlagen. Daher werden im Rahmen des SLUB Monographienfonds keine pauschalen (OA-) Gebühren finanziert. Stattdessen werden lediglich nachvollziehbar kalkulierte Kosten gefördert, die bei der Produktion der (OA-) Publikation real entstehen (ob durch Personalkosten, Gemeinkosten oder Kosten für Dienstleistungen).
 Die Kosten, aus denen sich der Gesamtpreis für ein Buch zusammensetzt, sind von Grund auf sehr divers. Viele schwer zu berechnende Faktoren, die sich von Verlag zu Verlag deutlich unterscheiden, fließen als Gemeinkosten in die Kalkulation mit ein und kaum ein Verlag lässt sich bei der Kalkulation seiner Preise gerne "hinter die Kulissen" schauen. Dennoch besteht der Publikationsprozess eines OA-Buches letztlich aus einer Reihe an Dienstleistungen, die vom Verlag teils Inhouse erledigt, teils extern beauftragt werden. Um die Position der Bibliotheken als Akteure auf dem Publikationsmarkt zu stärken und mit den Verlagen auf Augenhöhe zu verhandeln, statt dauerhaft nur die Rolle als "reine Geldgeber" einzunehmen, wollen Bibliotheken daher mit AutorInnen und Verlagen zusammenarbeiten, um Dienstleistungen transparent und vergleichbar zu machen. Anhand unserer Erfahrungswerte des SLUB-Monographienfonds möchten wir daher die Problematik intransparenter Kosten auf dem Monographienmarkt diskutieren und freuen uns über einen Erfahrungsaustausch zur Rolle der Bibliotheken in diesem Spannungsfeld.
Consistent Probabilities in Wheeler-DeWitt Quantum Cosmology
Creators: name: Craig, David A.
name: Singh, Parampreet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give an explicit, rigorous framework for calculating quantum probabilities in a model theory of quantum gravity. Specifically, we construct the decoherence functional for the Wheeler-DeWitt quantization of a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmology with a free, massless, minimally coupled scalar field, thus providing a complete decoherent histories formulation for this quantum cosmological model. The decoherence functional is applied to study predictions concerning the model's Dirac (relational) observables; the behavior of semiclassical states and superpositions of such states; and to study the singular behavior of quantum Wheeler-DeWitt universes. Within this framework, rigorous formulae are given for calculating the corresponding probabilities from the wave function when those probabilities may be consistently defined, thus replacing earlier heuristics for interpreting the wave function of the universe with explicit constructions. It is shown according to a rigorously formulated standard, and in a quantum-mechanically consistent way, that in this quantization these models are generically singular. Independent of the choice of state we show that the probability for these Wheeler-DeWitt quantum universes to ever encounter a singularity is unity. In addition, the relation between histories formulations of quantum theory and relational Dirac observables is clarified.
description: 27 pages, 4 figures. Minor revisions and updated references. Matches published version
Intermediate-mass-ratio-inspirals in the Einstein Telescope: I. Signal-to-noise ratio calculations
Creators: name: Huerta, E. A.
name: Gair, Jonathan R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2

description: The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a proposed third generation ground-based interferometer, for which the target is a sensitivity that is a factor of ten better than Advanced LIGO and a frequency range that extends down to about 1Hz. ET will provide opportunities to test Einstein's theory of relativity in the strong field and will realize precision gravitational wave astronomy with a thousandfold increase in the expected number of events over the advanced ground-based detectors. A design study for ET is currently underway, so it is timely to assess the science that could be done with such an instrument. This paper is the first in a series that will carry out a detailed study of intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals (IMRIs) for ET. In the context of ET, an IMRI is the inspiral of a neutron star or stellar-mass black hole into an intermediate mass black hole (IMBH). In this paper we focus on the development of IMRI waveform models for circular and equatorial inspirals. We consider two approximations for the waveforms, which both incorporate the inspiral, merger and ringdown phases in a consistent way. One approximation, valid for IMBHs of arbitrary spin, uses the transition model of Ori and Thorne [1] to describe the merger, and this is then matched smoothly onto a ringdown waveform. The second approximation uses the Effective One Body (EOB) approach to model the merger phase of the waveform and is valid for non-spinning IMBHs. In this paper, we use both waveform models to compute signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for IMRI sources detectable by ET. At a redshift of z=1, we find typical SNRs for IMRI systems with masses 1.4+100 solar masses, 10+100 solar masses, 1.4+500 solar masses and 10+500 solar masses of about 10-25, 40-80, 3-15 and 10-60, respectively. We also find that the two models make predictions for non-spinning inspirals that are consistent to about ten percent.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures, v3 has an updated reference for consistency with accepted version
title: New Dimensions of an Old Dilemma
title: Hate Speech and Freedom of Expression
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Letsiou Häusler, Anna
name: Beckenkamp, Nicolas
name: Röthlisberger, Livia
Publisher: name: Universitätsverlag Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Unfolding the history of one of the oldest human val-ues, the freedom of expression, while defining its limits, is a complicated task. Does freedom stop where hate starts? This very old dilemma is -now more than ever before- revealing new dimensions. Politicians and new laws aim at regulating free expression, while disagree-ments over such regulation gradually become a source of endless conflict in newly formed multicultural, inter-connected, and digitized societies. The example of the Network Enforcement Act is used to understand the idea of restrictive legal practices in Germany, but also to enlighten the fact that law is a human construction which was created in order to regulate communication among individuals. Alternative practices, to straight legal ones, are summarized to show other dimensions of regulating hate speech without involving top-down approaches. The article proposes the approach of re-storative justice as a combination of legal and medita-tive practices in cases of hate speech. One advantage of the restorative justice approach elaborated in this arti-cle is the potential to remedy the inner hate and the pain, both of the victim and perpetrator. Finally, reveal-ing parts of history and new aspects of the ‘hate speech-puzzle’, leads to a questioning of contemporary social structures that possibly generate hate itself.
description: Der Schutzbereich und die Grenzen der Meinungsfrei-heit müssen stets auf neue definiert und sie muss ge-gebenenfalls mit anderen Menschenrechten abgewogen werden. Hört die Freiheit dort auf, wo der Hass be-ginnt? Mit neuen Gesetzen zielen  Politiker auf die Re-gulierung der freien Meinungsäußerung ab, während Meinungsverschiedenheiten über solche Regulierungen zu einer Quelle endloser Konflikte in neu gebildeten multikulturellen, miteinander verbundenen und digita-lisierten Gesellschaften werden. Am Beispiel des Netz-werkdurchsetzungsgesetzes wird die Idee restriktiver Rechtspraktiken in Deutschland untersucht, aber auch aufgezeigt, dass Recht eine menschliche Konstruktion ist, die geschaffen wurde, um die Kommunikation zwi-schen Individuen zu regeln. Alternative, nicht aus-schließlich juristische Praktiken werden zusammenge-fasst, um andere Dimensionen der Regulierung von Hassreden aufzuzeigen, die ohne Top-down-Ansätze auskommen. Wir schlagen den Ansatz der restorativen Gerechtigkeit als eine Kombination aus rechtlichen und meditativen Praktiken in Fällen von Hassrede vor. Ein Vorteil des in diesem Artikel erarbeiteten restaurativen Gerechtigkeitsansatzes ist das Potenzial, den inneren Hass und den Schmerz von Opfern und Tätern zu beseitigen.
description: Staat, Recht und Politik – Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere = State, Law, and Politics - Research and Discussion Papers, 7
Pipelined Byzantine Fault Tolerance and Applications
Creators: name: Bhat, Adithya
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 460605
subject: Distributed systems and algorithms
classificationCode: 460611
subject: Performance evaluation
classificationCode: 460401
subject: Cryptography

description: Practically, Byzantine faults are not assumed in cloud applications. Byzantine fault-tolerance adds significant cryptographic, communication, throughput, and latency overheads to applications, contributing to the resistance towards its widespread adoption. Existing Byzantine-fault tolerant protocols focus on optimal latency or optimal communication while ignoring the throughput and cryptographic overheads.In this thesis, we explore pipelining for Byzantine fault-tolerant applications. Pipelining tasks is a common optimization in distributed systems that involves executing tasks in stages. The idea is that instead of executing a task in an iteration as an atomic unit, we split the execution into stages and execute all stages of different tasks per iteration. We observe significant performance benefits if executing later stages of a task helps other tasks in earlier stages, saving effort in each stage. The length of the pipeline, i.e., the number of stages, determines the latency of an individual task. However, if the pipeline improves the execution of every stage enough, then the latency improves.We primarily explore three Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) applications with pipelining: (i) unique chain-based State Machine Replication protocols: Apollo, Artemis, Leto, and Zeus, and (ii) energy-efficient State Machine Replication: EESMR. (iii) random beacon protocols: GRandPiper, BRandPiper, and OptRand. We design them with a pipeline-first approach to improve the throughput, cryptographic, and communication costs at every stage of the pipeline. With respect to latency, we show (i) pipelined SMR protocols where our pipeline stages have constant cryptographic and linear communication costs allowing our protocols to outperform state-of-the-art BFT-SMR protocols in throughput. (ii) pipelined SMR protocols with techniques to make each stage of the pipeline independent, thus achieving demonstrable energy efficiency while allowing an unbounded number of non-interactive parallel proposals. (iii) reduced latencies for reconfiguration-friendly random beacons by using two pipelines: an SMR pipeline to commit and a beacon pipeline to produce random numbers and decoupling the two pipelines thereby removing the impact of the high-latency SMR pipeline on the latency of the randomness output by the system.
title: Cocoa Bean Proteins
title: Characterization, Changes and Modifications due to Ripening and Post-Harvest Processing
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Rawel, Harshadrai M.
name: Huschek, Gerd
name: Sagu Tchewonpi, Sorel
name: Homann, Thomas
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: The protein fractions of cocoa have been implicated influencing both the bioactive potential and sensory properties of cocoa and cocoa products. The objective of the present review is to show the impact of different stages of cultivation and processing with regard to the changes induced in the protein fractions. Special focus has been laid on the major seed storage proteins throughout the different stages of processing. The study starts with classical introduction of the extraction and the characterization methods used, while addressing classification approaches of cocoa proteins evolved during the timeline. The changes in protein composition during ripening and maturation of cocoa seeds, together with the possible modifications during the post-harvest processing (fermentation, drying, and roasting), have been documented. Finally, the bioactive potential arising directly or indirectly from cocoa proteins has been elucidated. The “state of the art” suggests that exploration of other potentially bioactive components in cocoa needs to be undertaken, while considering the complexity of reaction products occurring during the roasting phase of the post-harvest processing. Finally, the utilization of partially processed cocoa beans (e.g., fermented, conciliatory thermal treatment) can be recommended, providing a large reservoir of bioactive potentials arising from the protein components that could be instrumented in functionalizing foods.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 681
Novel CFT Duals for Extreme Black Holes
Creators: name: Chen, Bin
name: Zhang, Jia-ju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the CFT duals for extreme black holes in the stretched horizon formalism. We consider the extremal RN, Kerr-Newman-AdS-dS, as well as the higher dimensional Kerr-AdS-dS black holes. In all these cases, we reproduce the well-established CFT duals. Actually we show that for stationary extreme black holes, the stretched horizon formalism always gives rise to the same dual CFT pictures as the ones suggested by ASG of corresponding near horizon geometries. Furthermore, we propose new CFT duals for 4D Kerr-Newman-AdS-dS and higher dimensional Kerr-AdS-dS black holes. We find that every dual CFT is defined with respect to a rotation in certain angular direction, along which the translation defines a U(1) Killing symmetry. In the presence of two sets of U(1) symmetry, the novel CFT duals are generated by the modular group $SL(2,\mb Z)$, and for $n$ sets of U(1) symmetry there are general CFT duals generated by T-duality group $SL(n,\mb Z)$.
description: 31 pages; Significantly revised, one loophole in the treatment was figured out, as a result, the novel CFT pictures are generated by the group $SL(n,\mb Z)$ rather than an continuous family. Published version
Finite Dimensional Infinite Constellations
Creators: name: Ingber, Amir
name: Zamir, Ram
name: Feder, Meir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the setting of a Gaussian channel without power constraints, proposed by Poltyrev, the codewords are points in an n-dimensional Euclidean space (an infinite constellation) and the tradeoff between their density and the error probability is considered. The capacity in this setting is the highest achievable normalized log density (NLD) with vanishing error probability. This capacity as well as error exponent bounds for this setting are known. In this work we consider the optimal performance achievable in the fixed blocklength (dimension) regime. We provide two new achievability bounds, and extend the validity of the sphere bound to finite dimensional infinite constellations. We also provide asymptotic analysis of the bounds: When the NLD is fixed, we provide asymptotic expansions for the bounds that are significantly tighter than the previously known error exponent results. When the error probability is fixed, we show that as n grows, the gap to capacity is inversely proportional (up to the first order) to the square-root of n where the proportion constant is given by the inverse Q-function of the allowed error probability, times the square root of 1/2. In an analogy to similar result in channel coding, the dispersion of infinite constellations is 1/2nat^2 per channel use. All our achievability results use lattices and therefore hold for the maximal error probability as well. Connections to the error exponent of the power constrained Gaussian channel and to the volume-to-noise ratio as a figure of merit are discussed. In addition, we demonstrate the tightness of the results numerically and compare to state-of-the-art coding schemes.
description: 54 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
title: Supramolecular Structures of the Dictyostelium Lamin NE81
Creators: name: Grafe, Marianne
name: Batsios, Petros
name: Meyer, Irene
name: Lisin, Daria
name: Baumann, Otto
name: Goldberg, Martin W.
name: Gräf, Ralph
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Nuclear lamins are nucleus-specific intermediate filaments (IF) found at the inner nuclear membrane (INM) of the nuclear envelope (NE). Together with nuclear envelope transmembrane proteins, they form the nuclear lamina and are crucial for gene regulation and mechanical robustness of the nucleus and the whole cell. Recently, we characterized Dictyostelium NE81 as an evolutionarily conserved lamin-like protein, both on the sequence and functional level. Here, we show on the structural level that the Dictyostelium NE81 is also capable of assembling into filaments, just as metazoan lamin filament assemblies. Using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, we show that NE81 expressed in Xenopous oocytes forms filamentous structures with an overall appearance highly reminiscent of Xenopus lamin B2. The in vitro assembly properties of recombinant His-tagged NE81 purified from Dictyostelium extracts are very similar to those of metazoan lamins.
Super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) and expansion microscopy (ExM), as well as transmission electron microscopy of negatively stained purified NE81, demonstrated its capability of forming filamentous structures under low-ionic-strength conditions. These results recommend Dictyostelium as a non-mammalian model organism with a well-characterized nuclear envelope involving all relevant protein components known in animal cells.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 682
B!SON – Empfehlungsservice für qualitätsgesicherte Open-Access-Zeitschriften
Creators: name: Hartwig, Josephine
name: Entrup, Elias
name: Eppelin, Anita
name: Ewerth, Ralph
name: Hakimov, Sherzod
name: Hoppe, Anett
name: Tullney, Marco
name: Wohlgemuth, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: open access journals

description: Im Rahmen der voranschreitenden Open-Access-Transformation werden immer mehr Zeitschriften in Open-Access-Formate überführt. So stieg die Zahl der im Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) indexierten Zeitschriften von April 2018 bis April 2021 von 11.250 auf mehr als 16.000. Dies resultiert in starken Herausforderungen für Wissenschaftler:innen, fachlich geeignete Zeitschriften für ihre Manuskripte zu bestimmen.

 Deshalb haben sich die TIB und die SLUB Dresden mit Unterstützung des DOAJ, OpenCitations und vieler nationaler Einrichtungen im BMBF-Projekt "B!SON" zum Ziel gesetzt, einen offenen, verlagsagnostischen, kostenfreien und datenschutzkonformen webbasierten Empfehlungsservice für qualitätsgesicherte Open-Access-Zeitschriften aufzubauen. Hier erhalten Nutzer:innen nach Eingabe von Titel, Abstract und/oder Literaturverzeichnis eine nach Relevanz gefilterte Liste an Open-Access-Zeitschriften, welche zu ihrem Manuskript passen. Die Suche kann mittels Filterkriterien verfeinert werden. Die Ausgabe der Empfehlungen enthält einen Steckbrief zu jeder Zeitschrift, welche die finale Auswahl durch die Wissenschaftler:innen erleichtern soll.

 Zu Beginn des Projekts wurden Anforderungen an den Empfehlungsservice erhoben. Dazu wurde (a) eine Fragebogenerhebung bei Wissenschaftler:innen durchgeführt und (b) Aussagen von Spezialist:innen aus der Publikationsberatung in qualitativen Interviews gesammelt. Mehr als 850 Wissenschaftler:innen haben den Fragebogen ausgefüllt. Diese wünschten sich die Einbindung folgender Informationen in den Empfehlungsservice: (1) Auflistung der Zeitschriften-Verzeichnisse in denen die Zeitschrift gelistet ist zur Absicherung gegen Fake-Journale, (2) Kosten und Lizenzrechte (z.B. Höhe der Publikationskosten und deren Übernahme durch die Institution; Verbleib der Nutzungsrechte bei den Autor:innen), und (3) Auffindbarkeit des eigenen Artikels (DOI-Vergabe, Einbindung in Literaturdatenbanken) sowie Einfluss und Sichtbarkeit der Zeitschrift (zitationsbasierter Aufmerksamkeitswert). Seitens der Publikationsberatenden wird vor allem die Transparenz des Empfehlungsservice (Wie kommt B!SON zu den empfohlenen Zeitschriften?) und die standortspezifische Anpassung zur Einbindung der Förderkriterien hervorgehoben.

 Der erste B!SON-Prototyp soll ab April 2022 zur Verfügung stehen, das vollständige System wird April 2023 live gehen. Im Fokus des Talks stehen, neben einer kurzen Vorstellung des Empfehlungsservice, die Präsentation und Diskussion der Ergebnisse der Anforderungsanalyse.
description: This work is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Germany, funding reference: 16TOA034A.
A framework for instantaneous driver drowsiness detection based on improved HOG features and Naïve Bayesian classification
Creators: name: Bakheet, Samy
name: Hamadi, Ayoub
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Driver drowsiness detection
subject: HOG features
subject: Shifted orientations
subject: NB classification
subject: NTHUDDD dataset
subject: 621.3

description: Due to their high distinctiveness, robustness to illumination and simple computation, Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) features have attracted much attention and achieved remarkable success in many computer vision tasks. In this paper, an innovative framework for driver drowsiness detection is proposed, where an adaptive descriptor that possesses the virtue of distinctiveness, robustness and compactness is formed from an improved version of HOG features based on binarized histograms of shifted orientations. The final HOG descriptor generated from binarized HOG features is fed to the trained Naïve Bayes (NB) classifier to make the final driver drowsiness determination. Experimental results on the publicly available NTHU-DDD dataset verify that the proposed framework has the potential to be a strong contender for several state-of-the-art baselines, by achieving a competitive detection accuracy of 85.62%, without loss of efficiency or stability.
Leptogenesis and CPT Violation
Creators: name: Ho, Chiu Man
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a model in which neutrinos and anti-neutrinos acquire the same mass but slightly different energy dispersion relations.Despite CPT violation, spin-statistics is preserved. We find that leptogenesis can be easily explained within this model, without upsetting the solar, atmospheric and reactor neutrino data. Leptogenesis occurs without lepton number violation and the non-equilibrium condition. We consider only three active Dirac neutrinos, and no new particles or symmetries are introduced.
description: 5 pages, v3: version to appear in PLB with improved discussions
Lattice Boltzmann solver for multiphase flows : application to high Weber and Reynolds numbers
Creators: name: Hosseini, Seyed Ali
name: Safari, Hesameddin
name: Thévenin, Dominique
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Lattice Boltzmann method
subject: Multiphase flows
subject: Phase field
subject: Conservative Allen–Cahn
subject: 660

description: The lattice Boltzmann method, now widely used for a variety of applications, has also been extended to model multiphase flows through different formulations. While already applied to many different configurations in lowWeber and Reynolds number regimes, applications to higher Weber/Reynolds numbers or larger density/viscosity ratios are still the topic of active research. In this study, through a combination of a decoupled phase-field formulation—the conservative Allen–Cahn equation—and a cumulant-based collision operator for a low-Mach pressure-based flow solver, we present an algorithm that can be used for higher Reynolds/Weber numbers. The algorithm was validated through a variety of test cases, starting with the Rayleigh–Taylor instability in both 2D and 3D, followed by the impact of a droplet on a liquid sheet. In all simulations, the solver correctly captured the flow dynamics andmatched reference results very well. As the final test case, the solver was used to model droplet splashing on a thin liquid sheet in 3D with a density ratio of 1000 and kinematic viscosity ratio of 15, matching the water/air system at We = 8000 and Re = 1000. Results showed that the solver correctly captured the fingering instabilities at the crown rim and their subsequent breakup, in agreement with experimental and numerical observations reported in the literature.
What's in a crowd? Analysis of face-to-face behavioral networks
Creators: name: Isella, Lorenzo
name: Stehlé, Juliette
name: Barrat, Alain
name: Cattuto, Ciro
name: Pinton, Jean-François
name: Broeck, Wouter Van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The availability of new data sources on human mobility is opening new avenues for investigating the interplay of social networks, human mobility and dynamical processes such as epidemic spreading. Here we analyze data on the time-resolved face-to-face proximity of individuals in large-scale real-world scenarios. We compare two settings with very different properties, a scientific conference and a long-running museum exhibition. We track the behavioral networks of face-to-face proximity, and characterize them from both a static and a dynamic point of view, exposing important differences as well as striking similarities. We use our data to investigate the dynamics of a susceptible-infected model for epidemic spreading that unfolds on the dynamical networks of human proximity. The spreading patterns are markedly different for the conference and the museum case, and they are strongly impacted by the causal structure of the network data. A deeper study of the spreading paths shows that the mere knowledge of static aggregated networks would lead to erroneous conclusions about the transmission paths on the dynamical networks.