cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
One- and two-dimensional solitons supported by singular modulation of quadratic nonlinearity
Creators: name: Lutsky, Vitaly
name: Malomed, Boris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a model of one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) optical media with the $χ^{(2)}$ nonlinearity whose local strength is subject to cusp-shaped spatial modulation, $χ^{(2)}\sim r^{-α}$, with $α>0$, which can be induced by spatially nonuniform poling. Using analytical and numerical methods, we demonstrate that this setting supports 1D and 2D fundamental solitons, at $α<1$ and $α<2$, respectively. The 1D solitons have a small instability region, while the 2D solitons have a stability region at $α<0.5$ and are unstable at $α>0.5$. 2D solitary vortices are found too. They are unstable, splitting into a set of fragments, which eventually merge into a single fundamental soliton pinned to the cusp. Spontaneous symmetry breaking of solitons is studied in the 1D system with a symmetric pair of the cusp-modulation peaks.
description: Physical Review A, in press. 18 pages, 16 figures
A multi-site resting state fMRI study on the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations in schizophrenia
Creators: name: Turner, Jessica A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Background: This multi-site study compares resting state fMRI amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional ALFF (fALFF) between patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and healthy controls (HC).Methods: Eyes-closed resting fMRI scans (5:38 min; n = 306, 146 SZ) were collected from 6 Siemens 3T scanners and one GE 3T scanner. Imaging data were pre-processed using an SPM pipeline. Power in the low frequency band (0.01–0.08 Hz) was calculated both for the original pre-processed data as well as for the pre-processed data after regressing out the six rigid-body motion parameters, mean white matter (WM) and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) signals. Both original and regressed ALFF and fALFF measures were modeled with site, diagnosis, age, and diagnosis × age interactions.Results: Regressing out motion and non-gray matter signals significantly decreased fALFF throughout the brain as well as ALFF in the cortical edge, but significantly increased ALFF in subcortical regions. Regression had little effect on site, age, and diagnosis effects on ALFF, other than to reduce diagnosis effects in subcortical regions. There were significant effects of site across the brain in all the analyses, largely due to vendor differences. HC showed greater ALFF in the occipital, posterior parietal, and superior temporal lobe, while SZ showed smaller clusters of greater ALFF in the frontal and temporal/insular regions as well as in the caudate, putamen, and hippocampus. HC showed greater fALFF compared with SZ in all regions, though subcortical differences were only significant for original fALFF.Conclusions: SZ show greater eyes-closed resting state low frequency power in frontal cortex, and less power in posterior lobes than do HC; fALFF, however, is lower in SZ than HC throughout the cortex. These effects are robust to multi-site variability. Regressing out physiological noise signals significantly affects both total and fALFF measures, but does not affect the pattern of case/control differences.
On the number of rich lines in high dimensional real vector spaces
Creators: name: Hablicsek, Marton
name: Scherr, Zachary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this short note we use the polynomial partitioning lemma to strengthen a recent result of Dvir and Gopi about the number of rich lines in high dimensional Euclidean spaces. Our result shows that if there are sufficiently many rich lines incident to a set of points then large fraction of them must be contained in a hyperplane.
Bariery i czynniki sprzyjających społecznościom energetycznym: Polski Wzór Kwestionariusza
Creators: name: Holstenkamp, Lars
name: Kriel, Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Model Assessment
Energy Communities
Barriers
Drivers

description: This document contains a questionnaire template for surveying barriers and drivers to the development of renewable energy communities. This draft has been developed as part of a study commissioned by REScoop.eu.
title: Characterisation of Aedes aegypti glutathione S-transferase enzyme family
Creators: name: Lumjuan, Nongkran.
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play a central role in the detoxification of xenobiotic compounds including insecticides. Overexpression of GST is an important mechanism of insecticide resistance. The aim of this study is to investigate GST-based resistance to DDT in Aedes aegypti from Thailand. Putative GST genes were retrieved from the Aedes aegypti genome and the gene sequences were confirmed. Twenty seven GST genes were identified in Aedes aegypti. There were classified into at least 6 classes and their relationship to Anopheles gambiae GSTs investigated using phylogenetic analysis. Thirteen GSTs were further characterised; two were classified as Delta, two as Epsilon, one as Sigma, two as Theta class and three were unclassified. Both GSTdI and GSTsI are alternatively spliced. The expression of four GST transcripts, GSTe2, GSTe4, GSTu3 and GSTt1 was quantified. Only GSTe2 was up regulated in the DDT/permethrin resistant strain. Recombinant GSTE2-2 showed DDT dehydrochlorinase activity toward DDT. The expression of GSTe4, GSTu3 and GSTtI were not correlated with insecticide resistance. GSTu3 has been previously studied and implicated in DDT/permethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti from South America [Grant and Hammock (1992) Mol Gen Genetics 234: 169-176]. However, this gene was not over expressed in the resistant strain from Thailand. Recombinant GSTU3-3 was not able to metabolise DDT. Recombinant GSTE2-2 and GSTU3-3 showed an affinity to bind hematin, suggesting these enzymes act as binding protein, besides the enzymatic properties. The binding of hematin by GST may protect mosquitoes against heure toxicity during blood feeding
MOESM1 of EQ-5D-5 L utilities per health states in Spanish population with knee or hip osteoarthritis
Creators: name: García-Pérez, Lidia
name: Ramos-García, Vanesa
name: Serrano-Aguilar, Pedro
name: Pais-Brito, José
name: Mendoza, María Aciego De
name: Martín-Fernández, Jesús
name: García-Maroto, Roberto
name: Arenaza, Juan
name: Bilbao, Amaia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Search strategy and results, NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED) by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD), July 2017; Table S2. Utilities from the National Health Survey in Spain (2011–2012) and differences with observational Spanish study; Table S3. The most common EQ-5D-5 L health states according to Spanish observational study; Table S4. Comparison of health states and utilities from literature and from a Spanish study: knee osteoarthritis; Table S5. Comparison of health states and utilities from literature and from a Spanish study: hip osteoarthritis; Figure S1. Flow-chart of scoping review. (DOCX 64 kb)
Impact of the collection mode on labor income data. A study in the times of COVID-19
Creators: name: Oviedo, Juan
name: Ordoñez-Herrera, Juan
name: Montoya, Sergio
name: Lobo, José
name: Garcia-Suaza, Andres
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: Taganga Sounds es un sello discográfico de la ciudad de Santa Marta que busca posicionamiento en la industria musical, este trabajo tiene como objetivo hacer el análisis de la situación actual de la compañía, para establecer oportunidades de mejora en la organización a través de la construcción de una estrategia de marketing que se adapte a los recursos disponibles de la empresa y a su modelo de negocio actual. El análisis de la situación arrojó que el sello discográfico tiene un potencial de diferenciación en el país frente a la competencia en cuanto a su infraestructura, propuesta musical y experiencia, así mismo se identificó que una falencia latente de la organización es la falta de comunicación y de un plan estratégico que impulse los canales, las ventas y el posicionamiento del sello. Este trabajo ofrece a la compañía estrategias y actividades claves para el crecimiento de la organización, así mismo un análisis profundo de la industria para establecer campañas rentables y efectivas. Así mismo estudia las posibilidades futuras de actividades para tener en cuenta en el desarrollo de la estrategia y oportunidades en el mercado para la mejora continua del modelo de negocio. La buena aplicación de la estrategia tendrá como resultado el posicionamiento esperado del sello en la industria musical y fortalecimiento del portafolio de servicios para abrirse campo al mercado internacional y al desarrollo de nuevos servicios a futuro.
Brain immune interactions and air pollution: macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF), prion cellular protein (PrPC), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in cerebrospinal fluid and MIF in serum differentiate urban children exposed to severe vs. low air pollution
Creators: name: D'Angiulli, Amedeo
name: Cross, Janet V.
name: Kavanaugh, Michael
name: Zhu, Hongtu
name: Thompson, Charles
name: Franco-Lira, Maricela
name: Chang, Jing
name: Calderón-Garcidueñas, Lilian
name: Torres-Jardón, Ricardo
name: Aragón-Flores, Mariana
name: Chao, Chih-kai
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Mexico City Metropolitan Area children chronically exposed to high concentrations of air pollutants exhibit an early brain imbalance in genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, innate and adaptive immune responses along with accumulation of misfolded proteins observed in the early stages of Alzheimer and Parkinson's diseases. A complex modulation of serum cytokines and chemokines influences children's brain structural and gray/white matter volumetric responses to air pollution. The search for biomarkers associating systemic and CNS inflammation to brain growth and cognitive deficits in the short term and neurodegeneration in the long-term is our principal aim. We explored and compared a profile of cytokines, chemokines (Multiplexing LASER Bead Technology) and Cellular prion protein (PrPC) in normal cerebro-spinal-fluid (CSF) of urban children with high vs. low air pollution exposures. PrPC and macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) were also measured in serum. Samples from 139 children ages 11.91 ± 4.2 years were measured. Highly exposed children exhibited significant increases in CSF MIF (p = 0.002), IL6 (p = 0.006), IL1ra (p = 0.014), IL-2 (p = 0.04), and PrPC (p = 0.039) vs. controls. MIF serum concentrations were higher in exposed children (p = 0.009). Our results suggest CSF as a MIF, IL6, IL1Ra, IL-2, and PrPC compartment that can possibly differentiate air pollution exposures in children. MIF, a key neuro-immune mediator, is a potential biomarker bridge to identify children with CNS inflammation. Fine tuning of immune-to-brain communication is crucial to neural networks appropriate functioning, thus the short and long term effects of systemic inflammation and dysregulated neural immune responses are of deep concern for millions of exposed children. Defining the linkage and the health consequences of the brain / immune system interactions in the developing brain chronically exposed to air pollutants ought to be of pressing importance for public health.
Individual differences in social information gathering revealed through Bayesian hierarchical models
Creators: name: Klein, Jeffrey T.
name: Pearson, John M.
name: Watson, Karli K.
name: Platt, Michael L.
name: Ebitz, R. Becket
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: As studies of the neural circuits underlying choice expand to include more complicated behaviors, analysis of behaviors elicited in laboratory paradigms has grown increasingly difficult. Social behaviors present a particular challenge, since inter- and intra-individual variation are expected to play key roles. However, due to limitations on data collection, studies must often choose between pooling data across all subjects or using individual subjects' data in isolation. Hierarchical models mediate between these two extremes by modeling individual subjects as drawn from a population distribution, allowing the population at large to serve as prior information about individuals' behavior. Here, we apply this method to data collected across multiple experimental sessions from a set of rhesus macaques performing a social information valuation task. We show that, while the values of social images vary markedly between individuals and between experimental sessions for the same individual, individuals also differentially value particular categories of social images. Furthermore, we demonstrate covariance between values for image categories within individuals and find evidence suggesting that magnitudes of stimulus values tend to diminish over time.
Transformations of polynomial ensembles
Creators: name: Kuijlaars, Arno B. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A polynomial ensemble is a probability density function for the position of $n$ real particles of the form $\frac{1}{Z_n} \, \prod_{j
description: 15 pages, references added, reorganization of some of the proofs
D9.4 - Communication and Dissemination Report II
Creators: name: Garatzogianni, Alexandra
name: Fribus, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Communication
Dissemination
Analysis
Results monitoring
Social media
Events
Press releases
Website
Open calls
KPI

description: This document monitors, analyses, and evaluates all communication and dissemination activities during the second project year of PLATOON (M13-M24), developed as per the communication and dissemination strategy. The main outcome of this deliverable is that the majority of the communication & dissemination KPIs have been achieved, thus WP9 progressed very well during the second project year, and continues being ahead of the schedule.
Machine learning approaches to study the structure-activity relationships of LpxC inhibitors
Creators: name: Yu, Tianshi
name: Chong, Li Chuin
name: Nantasenamat, Chanin
name: Anuwongcharoen, Nuttapat
name: Piacham, Theeraphon
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: antimicrobial resistance
LpxC
QSAR
machine learning
cheminformatics
activity cliff
chemotype

description: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the global threats to human health in the 21st century. Drug discovery of inhibitors against novel targets rather than conventional bacterial targets has been considered an inevitable strategy for the growing threat of AMR infections. In this study, we applied quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling to the LpxC inhibitors to predict the inhibitory activity. In addition, we performed various cheminformatics analysis consisting of the exploration of the chemical space, identification of chemotypes, performing structure-activity landscape and activity cliffs as well as construction of the Structure-Activity Similarity (SAS) map. We built a total of 24 QSAR classification models using PubChem and MACCS fingerprint with 12 various machine learning algorithms. The best model with PubChem fingerprint is the Extremely Gradient Boost model (accuracy on the training set: 0.937; accuracy on the 10-fold cross-validation set: 0.795; accuracy on the test set: 0.799). Furthermore, it was found that the best model using the MACCS fingerprint was the Random Forest model (accuracy on the training set: 0.955; accuracy on the 10-fold cross-validation set: 0.803; accuracy on the test set: 0.785). In addition, we have identified eight consensus activity cliff generators that are highly informative for further SAR investigations. It is hoped that findings presented herein can provide guidance for further lead optimization of LpxC inhibitors.
description: EXCLI Journal; 22:Doc975; ISSN 1611-2156
Ultrafast helicity control of surface currents in topological insulators with near-unity fidelity
Creators: name: Kastl, Christoph
name: Karnetzky, Christoph
name: Karl, Helmut
name: Holleitner, Alexander W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, a class of solid state materials, called three-dimensional topological insulators, has emerged. In the bulk, a topological insulator behaves like an ordinary insulator with a band gap. At the surface, conducting gapless states exist showing remarkable properties such as helical Dirac dispersion and suppression of backscattering of spin-polarized charge carriers. The characterization and control of the surface states via transport experiments is often hindered by residual bulk contributions yet at cryogenic temperatures. Here, we show that surface currents in Bi2Se3 can be controlled by circularly polarized light on a picosecond time scale with a fidelity near unity even at room temperature. We re-veal the temporal separation of such ultrafast helicity-dependent surface currents from photo-induced thermoelectric and drift currents in the bulk. Our results uncover the functionality of ultrafast optoelectronic devices based on surface currents in topological insulators.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures, supplementary information
Tropical Varieties for Exponential Sums
Creators: name: Ergür, Alperen
name: Paouris, Grigoris
name: Rojas, J. Maurice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the complexity of approximating complex zero sets of certain $n$-variate exponential sums. We show that the real part, $R$, of such a zero set can be approximated by the $(n-1)$-dimensional skeleton, $T$, of a polyhedral subdivision of $\mathbb{R}^n$. In particular, we give an explicit upper bound on the Hausdorff distance: $Δ(R,T) =O\left(t^{3.5}/δ\right)$, where $t$ and $δ$ are respectively the number of terms and the minimal spacing of the frequencies of $g$. On the side of computational complexity, we show that even the $n=2$ case of the membership problem for $R$ is undecidable in the Blum-Shub-Smale model over $\mathbb{R}$, whereas membership and distance queries for our polyhedral approximation $T$ can be decided in polynomial-time for any fixed $n$.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures. This version corrects an erroneous proof of Theorem 1.1, and a small typo in Assertion (3) of Theorem 1.5, in the published version
Inorganic nitrogen uptake by two kelp species, Laminaria solidungula and Laminaria saccharina, in the Alaskan High Arctic
Creators: name: Dibble, John Michael
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Nitrogen uptake
subject: Nitrogen fixation
subject: Inorganic nitrate
subject: Ammonium
subject: Kelp
subject: Laminaria solidungula
subject: Laminaria saccharina
subject: Alaska
subject: Beaufort Sea Coast
subject: Laminariales--Alaska--Beaufort Sea Coast
subject: Laminaria saccharina--Alaska--Beaufort Sea Coast
subject: Nitrogen--Fixation--Alaska--Beaufort Sea Coast
subject: Kelps--Alaska--Beaufort Sea Coast
subject: Nitrogen compounds--Alaska--Beaufort Sea Coast
subject: Ammonium--Alaska--Beaufort Sea Coast

description: The uptake of inorganic nitrate (NO₃⁻) and ammonium (NH₄⁺) by two co-occurring species of kelp, Laminaria solidungula and Laminaria saccharina, was compared using entire plants incubated under natural conditions in the field and in the laboratory. Field experiments were conducted in situ during ice-covered and open-water periods in the Boulder Patch kelp bed community in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. The data obtained in these experiments do not provide evidence of Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics. The uptake of NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ by both species appears to be a linear function of substrate concentration with no evidence of a saturating concentration although average substrate concentrations approach 80 μM. There was no significant difference between NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ uptake rates in conditions where either NO₃⁻ or NH₄⁺ were supplied at the same concentrations and no significant difference in uptake rates between species. The mean uptake rate at ambient nitrate concentrations in winter (4 - 7 μM) was 0.53 /μmoles gdw⁻¹h⁻¹. Uptake rate values obtained by substrate disappearance at ambient concentrations were corroborated by measurements of ¹⁵N stable isotope incorporation. Dark and light-exposed plants of both species also exhibited equivalent rates of uptake in short-term experiments with either NO₃⁻ or NH₄⁺ present as substrate. L. solidungula also demonstrated equal dark/light uptake with both nitrogen substrates present, revealing no competitive inhibition of either substrate. Time course disappearance for L. solidungula with NO₃⁻ or NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺ followed second order kinetics. Water motion was shown to significantly enhance both NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ disappearance for L. solidungula. Linear growth rates in juvenile L. solidungula sporophytes were not affected by NO₃⁻ concentration, but this may be related to the translocation of organic nitrogen to support linear growth at low NO₃⁻ concentrations, based on the bleaching of distal blade tissues in nitrogen-starved plants. The nitrogen uptake rates determined in this study for both species at -1.8 to 5 °C agree closely with published uptake rates for temperate kelp species living at 15 °C, enabling L. solidungula and L. saccharina to maintain high growth rates at the low temperatures characteristic of polar environments
title: Έλεγχος ασφάλειας πτήσης σε UAV με FPGA
title: Flight safety control in UAVs with FPGA
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Καρναβάς, Απόστολος
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2022
Subjects: UAV
AES
AES-CBC
FPGA
VHDL

description: Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία ερευνάται η δημιουργία ενός συστήματος κρυπτογράφησης δεδομένων σε μία πλακέτα ανάπτυξης FPGA για εφαρμογές UAV. Στην αρχή γίνεται μια εισαγωγή στα μη επανδρωμένα ιπτάμενα οχήματα (UAV’s) καθώς και αναφορά στην ιστορική τους πορεία. Στην συνέχεια γίνονται αναφορές στα FPGA για την αρχιτεκτονική τους και την ιστορία τους καθώς και παρουσιάζεται η πλακέτα ανάπτυξης FPGA που επιλέχθηκε για την παρούσα εργασία. Έπειτα αναφέρεται ο αλγόριθμος κρυπτογράφησης που επιλέχθηκε για την υλοποίηση του συστήματος, ο AES 128 σε CBC τρόπο λειτουργίας. Τέλος παρουσιάζεται η αρχιτεκτονική του συστήματος, η ανάλυση των εξαρτημάτων που το απαρτίζουν, το λογισμικό που επιλέχθηκε για την κατασκευή του καθώς και τα αποτελέσματα που λήφθηκαν με το πέρας της δημιουργίας του συστήματος.
Phase diagram and optimal switching induced by spin Hall effect in a perpendicular magnetic layer
Creators: name: Yan, Shu
name: Bazaliy, Ya. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a ferromagnet/heavy-metal bilayer device with strong spin Hall effect an in-plane current excites magnetic dynamics through spin torque. We analyze bilayers with perpendicular magnetization and calculate three-dimensional phase diagrams describing switching by external magnetic field at a fixed current. We then concentrate on the case of a field applied in the plane formed by the film normal and the current direction. Here we analytically study the evolution of both the conventional "up"/"down" magnetic equilibria and the additional equilibria created by the spin torque. Expressions for the stability regions of all equilibria are derived, and the nature of switching at each critical boundary is discussed. The qualitative picture obtained this way predicts complex hysteresis patterns that should occur in bilayers. By analyzing the phase portraits of the system we show that when the spin torque induced equilibrium exists, switching between "up" and "down" states proceeds through it as an intermediate state. Using numeric simulations we analyze the switching time and compare it to that of a conventional spin torque device with collinear magnetizations of the polarizer and the free layer.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
Targeting central melanocortin receptors: a promising novel approach for treating alcohol abuse disorders
Creators: name: Thiele, Todd E.
name: Olney, Jeffrey J.
name: Navarro, Montserrat
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The melanocortin (MC) peptides are produced centrally by propiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons within the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and act through five seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled melanocortin receptor (MCR) subtypes. The MC3R and MC4R subtypes, the most abundant central MCRs, are widely expressed in brain regions known to modulate neurobiological responses to ethanol, including regions of the hypothalamus and extended amygdala. Agouti-related protein (AgRP), also produced in the arcuate nucleus, is secreted in terminals expressing MCRs and functions as an endogenous MCR antagonist. This review highlights recent genetic and pharmacological findings that have implicated roles for the MC and AgRP systems in modulating ethanol consumption. Ethanol consumption is associated with significant alterations in the expression levels of various MC peptides/protein, which suggests that ethanol-induced perturbations of MC/AgRP signaling may modulate excessive ethanol intake. Consistently, MCR agonists decrease, and AgRP increases, ethanol consumption in mice. MCR agonists fail to blunt ethanol intake in mutant mice lacking the MC4R, suggesting that the protective effects of MCR agonists are modulated by the MC4R. Interestingly, recent evidence reveals that MCR agonists are more effective at blunting binge-like ethanol intake in mutant mice lacking the MC3R, suggesting that the MC3R has opposing effects on the MC4R. Finally, mutant mice lacking AgRP exhibit blunted voluntary and binge-like ethanol drinking, consistent with pharmacological studies. Collectively, these preclinical observations provide compelling evidence that compounds that target the MC system may provide therapeutic value for treating alcohol abuse disorders and that the utilization of currently available MC-targeting compounds- such as those being used to treat eating disorders- may be used as effective treatments to this end.
Robust estimation of group-wise cortical correspondence with an application to macaque and human neuroimaging studies
Creators: name: Lyu, Ilwoo
name: Shi, Yundi
name: Seong, Joon-Kyung
name: Kim, Sun H.
name: Yoo, Sang W.
name: Niethammer, Marc
name: Sanchez, Mar
name: Styner, Martin A.
name: Evans, Alan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: We present a novel group-wise registration method for cortical correspondence for local cortical thickness analysis in human and non-human primate neuroimaging studies. The proposed method is based on our earlier template based registration that estimates a continuous, smooth deformation field via sulcal curve-constrained registration employing spherical harmonic decomposition of the deformation field. This pairwise registration though results in a well-known template selection bias, which we aim to overcome here via a group-wise approach. We propose the use of an unbiased ensemble entropy minimization following the use of the pairwise registration as an initialization. An individual deformation field is then iteratively updated onto the unbiased average. For the optimization, we use metrics specific for cortical correspondence though all of these are straightforwardly extendable to the generic setting: The first focused on optimizing the correspondence of automatically extracted sulcal landmarks and the second on that of sulcal depth property maps. We further propose a robust entropy metric and a hierarchical optimization by employing spherical harmonic basis orthogonality. We also provide the detailed methodological description of both our earlier work and the proposed method with a set of experiments on a population of human and non-human primate subjects. In the experiment, we have shown that our method achieves superior results on consistency through quantitative and visual comparisons as compared to the existing methods.
Reducing Auditory Hypersensitivities in Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Preliminary Findings Evaluating the Listening Project Protocol
Creators: name: Sorokin, Yevgeniya
name: Lewis, Gregory F.
name: Heilman, Keri J.
name: Cook, Edwin H.
name: Bazhenova, Olga V.
name: Bal, Elgiz
name: Carlson, Nancy
name: Porges, Stephen W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Auditory hypersensitivities are a common feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the present study, the effectiveness of a novel intervention, the listening project protocol (LPP), was evaluated in two trials conducted with children diagnosed with ASD. LPP was developed to reduce auditory hypersensitivities. LPP is based on a theoretical “neural exercise” model that uses computer altered acoustic stimulation to recruit the neural regulation of middle ear muscles. Features of the intervention stimuli were informed by basic research in speech and hearing sciences that has identified the specific acoustic frequencies necessary to understand speech, which must pass through middle ear structures before being processed by other components of the auditory system. LPP was hypothesized to reduce auditory hypersensitivities by increasing the neural tone to the middle ear muscles to functionally dampen competing sounds in frequencies lower than human speech. The trials demonstrated that LPP, when contrasted to control conditions, selectively reduced auditory hypersensitivities. These findings are consistent with the polyvagal theory, which emphasizes the role of the middle ear muscles in social communication.
Benefits from American IRA and 401(k) accounts - excel file
Creators: name: Reed, Chris
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: IRA
401(k)
tax-deferred tax-exempt
traditional roth

description: This Excel spreadsheet calculates the net benefits from American IRA and 401(k) accounts (vs normally taxed), and deconstructs the net into independent factors.
description: An alternate deconstruction is provided on the second tab, to attribute all benefits to tax-free profits ... even when there is a difference in tax rates between contribution and withdrawal.
Chronic Administration of a Leupeptin-Derived Calpain Inhibitor Fails to Ameliorate Severe Muscle Pathology in a Canine Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Creators: name: Grange, Robert W.
name: Childers, Martin K.
name: Greiner, Hansel
name: Bogan, Daniel J.
name: Bogan, Janet R.
name: Holder, Melanie
name: Kornegay, Joe N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Calpains likely play a role in the pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Accordingly, calpain inhibition may provide therapeutic benefit to DMD patients. In the present study, we sought to measure benefit from administration of a novel calpain inhibitor, C101, in a canine muscular dystrophy model. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that treatment with C101 mitigates progressive weakness and severe muscle pathology observed in young dogs with golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD). Young (6-week-old) GRMD dogs were treated daily with either C101 (17 mg/kg twice daily oral dose, n = 9) or placebo (vehicle only, n = 7) for 8 weeks. A battery of functional tests, including tibiotarsal joint angle, muscle/fat composition, and pelvic limb muscle strength were performed at baseline and every 2 weeks during the 8-week study. Results indicate that C101-treated GRMD dogs maintained strength in their cranial pelvic limb muscles (tibiotarsal flexors) while placebo-treated dogs progressively lost strength. However, concomitant improvement was not observed in posterior pelvic limb muscles (tibiotarsal extensors). C101 treatment did not mitigate force drop following repeated eccentric contractions and no improvement was seen in the development of joint contractures, lean muscle mass, or muscle histopathology. Taken together, these data do not support the hypothesis that treatment with C101 mitigates progressive weakness or ameliorates severe muscle pathology observed in young dogs with GRMD.
title: Pure and practical women : mathematics, science and gender around 1900, with special reference to Grace Chisholm Young and Hertha Ayrton
Creators: name: Gwendoline Jones, Claire
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: The decades around 1900 were a significant period in the construction of modern mathematics and science when many long-lasting assumptions about the nature of the disciplines, and their appropriateness for either gender, began to take root. It was also a time when Victorian notions of distinct male and female intellects were being increasingly challenged, not least by the movement for women's higher education and the accelerating campaign for suffrage. Explanations for the virtual absence of women's names from general histories of mathematics are often based on arguments centring on the innately masculine configuration of the discipline which made femininity and mathematics opposing terms. To be a mathematician was to be unwomanly and, conversely, manliness was manifested by success at mathematics. In science, explorations to recover female scientists and challenge an assumed lack of contribution by women have pointed to the increasing professionalisation and Darwinisation of science at the end of the nineteenth century. At this time, the rapid processes of institutionalisation combined with evolutionary arguments concerning women's lesser capacity for intellectual work to create a major barrier to women's participation. This has led some historians to lend a new importance to the domestic sphere and look for women scientists in the home, away from institutional contexts. This study aims to question and problematize both of these approaches.
title: Οδοντιατρική ακτινογράφηση: κατασκευή ομοιώματος και πειραματική διερεύνηση απεικονιστικών χαρακτηριστικών
title: Dental X-ray: phantom construction and experimental investigation of imaging features
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Καλάκος, Μιχαήλ
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2022
Subjects: Ομοίωμα
Ρητίνη εποξειδίου
Δόντια
Οδοντική ακτινογράφηση
Ποιότητα εικόνας

description: Ιστορικό: Η οδοντική απεικόνιση με ακτίνες Χ θεωρείται ζωτικής σημασίας λόγω της μοναδικής ικανότητας απεικόνισης παθολογικών ανωμαλιών των δοντιών. Σε αυτή τη μελέτη, αναπτύχθηκε ένα πρωτοποριακό ομοίωμα που αντιπροσωπεύει ρεαλιστικά τις σιαγόνες των δοντιών με σκοπό τη διερεύνηση της ποιότητας εικόνας ακτίνων Χ υπό διάφορες συνθήκες ακτινοβολίας. Υλικά και Μέθοδοι: Αυτό το ομοίωμα κατασκευάστηκε χρησιμοποιώντας: (i) θηλυκά καλούπια σιλικόνης για τη δημιουργία σχήματος των γνάθων (ii) ρητίνη που προσομοιώνει τη σκλήρυνση της δέσμης ακτίνων Χ λόγω της εξασθένησης των μαλακών ιστών και (iii) τα φυσικά πρόσθια και οπίσθια δόντια κάτω γνάθου και άνω γνάθου. Για την υλοποίηση χρησιμοποιήθηκαν τα ακόλουθα υλικά: (α) σιλικόνη δυο συστατικών (βάση και καταλύτης), (β) σιδερένιες φόρμες που χρησίμευαν για τη λήψη και των δύο αποτυπωμάτων της σιαγόνας (πάνω και κάτω) και (γ) και πλαστελίνη που βοήθησαν στην την ενσωμάτωση των δοντιών μέσα στη ρητίνη. Μια ποικιλία δοντιών παρασχέθηκε από την Οδοντιατρική Κλινική μετά τον χαρακτηρισμό τους ως προς την ανατομία και τα αντίστοιχα παθολογικά χαρακτηριστικά τους (τερηδόνα, κατάγματα, σφραγίσματα, σφραγίσματα ριζικού σωλήνα κ.λπ.). Αποτελέσματα: Το ομοίωμα ακτινοβολήθηκε υπό διάφορες συνθήκες ακτίνων Χ (τάση ακτίνων Χ: 60-70 kVp, ρεύμα: 4-8 mA) και η λήψη ιατρικών εικόνων βρέθηκε υψηλής ποιότητας. Συγκεκριμένα, η αντίθεση εικόνας βρέθηκε βελτιωμένη σε υψηλότερες τιμές τάσης ακτίνων Χ. Συμπέρασμα: Το παρόν ομοίωμα μπορεί να αναδείξει τις βέλτιστες συνθήκες ακτινοβόλησης πολλών οδοντικών ανωμαλιών. Ως μελλοντική αναβάθμιση του ομοιώματος θα είναι: (i) η εξέταση της προσθήκης υδροξυαπατίτη για τη συμμετοχή και της ρεαλιστικής προσέγγισης του κυψελιδικού οστού (δηλαδή, το κράτημα των δοντιών) και (ii) η τυποποίηση των συνθηκών ακτινοβόλησης και η εύρεση της βελτιστοποιημένης ακτινοβόλησης set-up (βελτιωμένη ποιότητα εικόνας συνοδευόμενη από χαμηλή δόση ασθενούς). Προηγμένες μέθοδοι ακτίνων Χ, όπως τεχνικές διπλής ενέργειας, θα εξεταστούν επίσης για τη βελτίωση της εικόνας (π.χ. σε περίπτωση ραγίσματος των δοντιών).
Unobstructed symplectic packing for tori and hyperkahler manifolds
Creators: name: Entov, Michael
name: Verbitsky, Misha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R17, 53D05, 53C26, 32Q15

description: Let M be a closed symplectic manifold of volume V. We say that M admits an unobstructed symplectic packing by balls if any collection of symplectic balls (of possibly different radii) of total volume less than V admits a symplectic embedding to M. In 1994 McDuff and Polterovich proved that symplectic packings of Kahler manifolds can be characterized in terms of the Kahler cones of their blow-ups. When M is a Kahler manifold which is not a union of its proper subvarieties (such a manifold is called Campana simple) these Kahler cones can be described explicitly using the Demailly and Paun structure theorem. We prove that any Campana simple Kahler manifold, as well as any manifold which is a limit of Campana simple manifolds in a smooth deformation, admits an unobstructed symplectic packing by balls. This is used to show that all even-dimensional tori equipped with Kahler symplectic forms and all hyperkahler manifolds of maximal holonomy admit unobstructed symplectic packings by balls. This generalizes a previous result by Latschev-McDuff-Schlenk. We also consider symplectic packings by other shapes and show, using Ratner's orbit closure theorem, that any even-dimensional torus equipped with a Kahler form whose cohomology class is not proportional to a rational one admits a full symplectic packing by any number of equal polydisks (and, in particular, by any number of equal cubes).
description: Various inaccuracies in the published version corrected (mainly in the proof of Thm. 9.2). The results have not been affected
Investigative Analysis of GeV-scale Laser Driven Plasma Wakefield Accelerator
Creators: name: S G Siddanth
name: Kumar, D Milind
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Accelerators

description: — Laser-guided plasma wakefield accelerators are particle accelerators that are capable of supporting fields in excess of 100 GV/m. They involve the principle of plasma wake excitation using laser pulses or particle beams. This paper analyses the physics of plasma wakefield accelerators driven by short-pulse lasers or particle beams. It also describes the significant characteristics of plasma beat waves (PBW), laser propagation effects and plasma wave excitation, as well as the basic design and characteristics of laser-guided plasma wakefield accelerators (LINAC, cyclotron and synchrotron). The idea of laser-driven WFA (LWFA) enhancement using SRF is an on-going promising field and is covered extensively. The numerical simulations and plots have been modelled for electric field, density and potential profiles, collisions and positional information, trajectory of particles and application of Poisson equation in fluid flow. Analytical equations for the bubble regime and [3D] spectral mode of plasma dynamics is also covered.
title: After the end of travel : twentieth-century French travel literatures and theories
Creators: name: Feroza. Basu, Debjani
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: This thesis investigates ways in which French travel writers since the twentieth centUfhave attempted to negotiate new subject matter for travel writing, without compromising the specificity of their role as both travellers and writers. The context for this study is the sense, popularized in the twentieth century, that travel, as a possibility. is faced with exhaustion. Concerns that there is nowhere left to go, that places and cultures have become homogeneous, and that travel is now a banal activity, are the basis of fears of the 'end of travel'. In response, a number of French travel writers have manifestly attempted to refresh the genre through practical innovation. However, there has been little recognition of this aspect of French travel writing by scholars ofliterature. In order to elucidate thematic innovations in twentieth-century French travel writing, this thesis explores interdisciplinary theories of travel, and examines how French travel writers construct travel in relation to overlapping practices and theories. Two major sociocultural developments - the rise of mass tomism and the increasing sophistication and rationalization of transport facilities - are fore grounded as factors blamed for the banalization of travel. These indicate nonnative conditions for traveL and are presented here as a reference point in the analysis of innovative travel practices. The final section of the thesis challenges some of the assumptions implicit in perceptions of the 'end of travel'. The notion that there is nowhere left to go is problematized by the subjective narratives of physically disabled persons, who may experience an end of literal travel that is an unexamined counterpart to a rhetorical fin des voyages. Also, science fiction and infonnation technology are sites for the negotiation of new fonns of travel that potentially undennine the notion that travel is an exhausted possibility. By focusing on the continuing importance of travel practices in a broad corpus of French travelogues, this thesis demonstrates the need for an interdisciplinary methodology that can account for thematic aspects of the geme, and it introduces new theoretical resources for this purpose. More specifically, it brings to attention, elucidates, and problematizes the privileged status of the body in contemporary French approaches to travel writing.
Automated design optimisation and simulation of stitched antennas for textile devices
Creators: name: Wiri, Abraham
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 91399 Mechanical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: This thesis describes a novel approach for designing 7-segment and 5-angle pocket and collar planar antennas (for operation at 900 MHz). The motivation for this work originates from the problem of security of children in rural Nigeria where there is risk of abduction. There is a strong potential benefit to be gained from hidden wireless tracking devices (and hence antennas) that can protect their security. An evolutionary method based on a genetic algorithm was used in conjunction with electromagnetic simulation. This method determines the segment length and angle between segments through several generations. The simulation of the antenna was implemented using heuristic crossover with non-uniform mutation. Antennas obtained from the algorithm were fabricated and measured to validate the proposed method.This first part of this research has been limited to linear wire antennas because of the wide range and flexibility of this class of antennas. Linear wire antennas are used for the design of high or low gain, broad or narrow band antennas. Wire antennas are easy and inexpensive to build. All the optimised linear wire antenna samples exhibit similar performances, most of the power is radiated within the GSM900 frequency band. The reflection coefficient (S11) is generally better than -10dB. The method of moment (MoM-NEC2) and FIT (CST Studio Suite 2015) solvers were used for this design. MATLAB is used to as an interface to control computational electromagnetic solvers for antenna designs and analysis. The genetic algorithm procedures were written in MATLAB. The second part of the work focuses on meshed ground planes for applications at 900 MHz global system for mobile communications (GSM), 2.45 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band and 5 GHz wearable wireless local area networks (WLAN) frequencies. Square ground planes were developed and designed using linear equations in MATLAB. The ground plane was stitched using embroidery machines. To examine the effect of meshing on the antenna performance and to normalise the meshed antenna to a reference, solid patch antenna was designed, fabricated on an FR4 substrate. A finite grid of resistors was created for numerical simulation in MATLAB. The resistance from the centre to any node of a finite grid of resistors are evaluated using nodal analysis. The probability that a node connects to each node in the grid was computed. The circuit model has been validated against the experimental model by measurement of the meshed ground plane. A set of measurement were collected from a meshed and compared with the numerical values, they show good agreement.