cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Influences of Al doping on the electronic structure of Mg(0001) and dissociation property of H2
Creators: name: Li, Yanfang
name: Yang, Yu
name: Wei, Yinghui
name: Zhang, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using the density functional theory method, we systematically study the influences of the doping of an Al atom on the electronic structures of the Mg(0001) surface and dissociation behaviors of H2 molecules. We find that for the Al-doped surfaces, the surface relaxation around the doping layer changes from expansion of a clean Mg(0001) surface to contraction, due to the redistribution of electrons. After doping, the work function is enlarged, and the electronic states around the Fermi energy have a major distribution around the doping layer. For the dissociation of H2 molecules, we find that the energy barrier is enlarged for the doped surfaces. Especially, when the Al atom is doped at the first layer, the energy barrier is enlarged by 0.30 eV. For different doping lengths, however, the dissociation energy barrier decreases slowly to the value on a clean Mg(0001) surface when the doping layer is far away from the top surface. Our results well describe the electronic changes after Al-doping for the Mg(0001) surface, and reveal some possible mechanisms for improving the resistance to corrosion of the Mg(0001) surface by doping of Al atoms.
Fluctuations in classical sum rules
Creators: name: Elton, John R.
name: Lakshminarayan, Arul
name: Tomsovic, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Classical sum rules arise in a wide variety of physical contexts. Asymptotic expressions have been derived for many of these sum rules in the limit of long orbital period (or large action). Although sum rule convergence may well be exponentially rapid for chaotic systems in a global sense with time, individual contributions to the sums may fluctuate with a width which diverges in time. Our interest is in the global convergence of sum rules as well as their local fluctuations. It turns out that a simple version of a lazy baker map gives an ideal system in which classical sum rules, their corrections, and their fluctuations can be worked out analytically. This is worked out in detail for the Hannay-Ozorio sum rule. In this particular case the rate of convergence of the sum rule is found to be governed by the Pollicott-Ruelle resonances, and both local and global boundaries for which the sum rule may converge are given. In addition, the width of the fluctuations is considered and worked out analytically, and it is shown to have an interesting dependence on the location of the region over which the sum rule is applied. It is also found that as the region of application is decreased in size the fluctuations grow. This suggests a way of controlling the length scale of the fluctuations by considering a time dependent phase space volume, which for the lazy baker map decreases exponentially rapidly with time.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. E
Reaction of C_2(a^3Pi_u) with methanol: Temperature dependence and deuterium isotope effect
Creators: name: Hu, Renzhi
name: Zhang, Qun
name: Chen, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a first temperature dependence and kinetic isotope effect study on the reaction of C_2(a^3Pi_u) with methanol. The bimolecular rate constants for a series of methanol isotopomers have been measured as a function of temperature between 293 and 673 K. The observed positive temperature dependences as well as deuterium kinetic isotope effects permit determination of the reaction mechanism as a site-specific hydrogen abstraction from the methyl site rather than from the hydroxyl site.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, 54 references; accepted to JCP
Diffractive $J/Ψ$ photoproduction at large momentum transfer in coherent hadron - hadron interactions at CERN LHC
Creators: name: Goncalves, V. P.
name: Sauter, W. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vector meson production in coherent hadron-hadron interactions at LHC energies is studied assuming that the color singlet $t$-channel exchange carries large momentum transfer. We consider the non-forward solution of the BFKL equation at high energy and large momentum transfer and estimate the rapidity distribution and total cross section for the process $h_1 h_2 \to h_1 J/ΨX$, where $h_i$ can be a proton or a nucleus. We predict large rates, which implies that the experimental identification can be feasible at the LHC.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Version to be published in Physical Review D
The problems of micro-states in international law
Creators: name: Chen, Charng-Ven
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The problems arising from the emergence of micro-States have recently received a great deal of attention in the international community. These problems can be seen to have two major aspects. One is the question of the future statehood of micro-States in the international community, the other is the potential problems resulting from their participation in international affairs. The object of this paper is to point out the visible problems involved in the process of the participation of micro-States in international affairs in order that possible solutions can be proposed. In investigating the historical background of these problems, we are aware that the continuing efforts of the United Nations on decolonization are the main stimuli to the birth of micro-States. Historically, the League of Nations has faced the same problem as the United Nations over the question of the admission of small States. Although no definite criteria had been set out by the League of Nations for determining the admission of small States, it did prevent in due course the admissions of certain small States. The increasing number of micro-States poses serious problems to the United Nations. On the one hand, the question is whether the micro-States, most of which are hardly able to meet the admission requirements of the Charter, should be eligible for membership in the United Nations. In this respect, it has been suggested that a distinction should be made between "the right to Independence and the question of full membership in the United Nations." On the other hand, the imbalance of the voting power and real power resulting from the rule of "one-State one-vote" will become more profound unless some solutions to the question of admission of micro-States in the United Nations can be worked out. Finally, we reach the conclusions that, first of all, the Security Council and the General Assembly should set out criteria guiding the admission of new Members; secondly, certain special arrangements for the micro-States are needed so that micro-States can fully benefit from these arrangements without straining their resources and potential through assuming the full burdens of United Nations membership which they are not in a position to assume. As to the future statehood of the small territories, there is a general awareness that total "independence" may not be desirable for all of them. On this point, several solutions shall be recommended in the last Chapter of this paper.
The Impact of Peer-Mediated LEGO® Play on Cultivating Positive Peer Relationships among Neurotypical and Neurodivergent Students in Inclusive Educational Environments in Mexico.
Creators: name: Astudillo González, Paola Carolina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This study addressed the effects of a Peer-Mediated LEGO® play intervention on improving social skills for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in an inclusive robotics academy in Chiapas, Mexico. Three high-functioning ASD boys, two with ADHD, and two girls with ASD and one with ADHD plus, alongside 16 typically developing children, participated in this single-case experimental approach. The intervention involved LEGO® construction activities combined with peer-mediated strategies, conducted twice a week for a total of 10 sessions per participant. Results indicated a significant increase in social initiations and responses for neurodivergent children following the intervention, supported by obtained social validity. Detailed observations revealed improvements in joint attention, material exchange, and verbal communication during LEGO® play sessions. Initially displaying discomfort, increased stereotypical behaviors, social withdrawal, and communication difficulties, children with ASD underwent a positive transformation, finding a structured outlet for expression and sensory input management through the intervention. Similarly, children with ADHD, characterized by impulsivity, restlessness, and difficulty focusing, exhibited notable improvements. At the experiment's conclusion, they displayed enthusiasm, creativity, and heightened interest in various activities, indicating a positive channeling of their energy. Both parents and teachers expressed satisfaction with the progress, leading to a decision to expand the focus to other constructive games. The inclusive approach, gradually removing artificial prompts, proved effective in fostering participation and socialization for children with ASD and ADHD, laying a solid foundation for future implementations in inclusive educational settings.
The Cold Spot as a Large Void: Lensing Effect on CMB Two and Three Point Correlation Functions
Creators: name: Masina, Isabella
name: Notari, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The "Cold Spot" in the CMB sky could be due to the presence of an anomalous huge spherical underdense region - a "Void" - of a few hundreds Mpc/h radius. Such a structure would have an impact on the CMB two-point (power spectrum) and three-point (bispectrum) correlation functions not only at low-l, but also at high-l through Lensing, which is a unique signature of a Void. Modeling such an underdensity with an LTB metric, we show that for the power spectrum the effect should be visible already in the WMAP data only if the Void radius is at least L \gtrsim 1 Gpc/h, while it will be visible by the Planck satellite if L \gtrsim 500 Mpc/h. We also speculate that this could be linked to the high-l detection of an hemispherical power asymmetry in the sky. Moreover, there should be non-zero correlations in the non-diagonal two-point function. For the bispectrum, the effect becomes important for squeezed triangles with two very high l's: this signal can be detected by Planck if the Void radius is at least L \gtrsim 300 Mpc/h, while higher resolution experiments should be able to probe the entire parameter space. We have also estimated the contamination of the primordial non-Gaussianity f_NL due to this signal, which turns out to be negligible.
description: v1: 18 pages, 12 figures; v2: 19 pages, 12 figures, calculation of bispectrum improved, reference added, published version; v3: 19 pages, 12 figures, refined eq.(9) and related figures, conclusions strengthened
On Non-Gaussianities in Multi-Field Inflation (N fields): Bi- and Tri-spectra beyond Slow-Roll
Creators: name: Battefeld, Diana
name: Battefeld, Thorsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute analytic expressions for the non-linearity parameters characterizing the bi- and tri-spectrum of primordial curvature perturbations generated during an inflationary epoch of the early universe driven by an arbitrary number of fields. We assume neither slow roll nor a separable potential; instead, to compute Non-Gaussianities, we assume a separable Hubble parameter. We apply the formalism to an exact solvable toy-model and show under which conditions observably large non-Gaussianities are produced.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures. V3: labels in Fig.1-3 corrected over JCAP version (sign of fNL)
First Measurement of the Muon Neutrino Charged Current Quasielastic Double Differential Cross Section
Creators: name: MiniBooNE Collaboration
name: Aguilar-Arevalo, A. A.
name: Anderson, C. E.
name: Bazarko, A. O.
name: Brice, S. J.
name: Brown, B. C.
name: Bugel, L.
name: Cao, J.
name: Coney, L.
name: Conrad, J. M.
name: Cox, D. C.
name: Curioni, A.
name: Djurcic, Z.
name: Finley, D. A.
name: Fleming, B. T.
name: Ford, R.
name: Garcia, F. G.
name: Garvey, G. T.
name: Grange, J.
name: Green, C.
name: Green, J. A.
name: Hart, T. L.
name: Hawker, E.
name: Imlay, R.
name: Johnson, R. A.
name: Karagiorgi, G.
name: Kasper, P.
name: Katori, T.
name: Kobilarcik, T.
name: Kourbanis, I.
name: Koutsoliotas, S.
name: Laird, E. M.
name: Linden, S. K.
name: Link, J. M.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Louis, W. C.
name: Mahn, K. B. M.
name: Marsh, W.
name: Mauger, C.
name: McGary, V. T.
name: McGregor, G.
name: Metcalf, W.
name: Meyers, P. D.
name: Mills, F.
name: Mills, G. B.
name: Monroe, J.
name: Moore, C. D.
name: Mousseau, J.
name: Nelson, R. H.
name: Nienaber, P.
name: Nowak, J. A.
name: Osmanov, B.
name: Ouedraogo, S.
name: Patterson, R. B.
name: Pavlovic, Z.
name: Perevalov, D.
name: Polly, C. C.
name: Prebys, E.
name: Raaf, J. L.
name: Ray, H.
name: Roe, B. P.
name: Russell, A. D.
name: Sandberg, V.
name: Schirato, R.
name: Schmitz, D.
name: Shaevitz, M. H.
name: Shoemaker, F. C.
name: Smith, D.
name: Soderberg, M.
name: Sorel, M.
name: Spentzouris, P.
name: Spitz, J.
name: Stancu, I.
name: Stefanski, R. J.
name: Sung, M.
name: Tanaka, H. A.
name: Tayloe, R.
name: Tzanov, M.
name: Van de Water, R. G.
name: Wascko, M. O.
name: White, D. H.
name: Wilking, M. J.
name: Yang, H. J.
name: Zeller, G. P.
name: Zimmerman, E. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A high-statistics sample of charged-current muon neutrino scattering events collected with the MiniBooNE experiment is analyzed to extract the first measurement of the double differential cross section ($\frac{d^2σ}{dT_μd\cosθ_μ}$) for charged-current quasielastic (CCQE) scattering on carbon. This result features minimal model dependence and provides the most complete information on this process to date. With the assumption of CCQE scattering, the absolute cross section as a function of neutrino energy ($σ[E_ν]$) and the single differential cross section ($\frac{dσ}{dQ^2}$) are extracted to facilitate comparison with previous measurements. These quantities may be used to characterize an effective axial-vector form factor of the nucleon and to improve the modeling of low-energy neutrino interactions on nuclear targets. The results are relevant for experiments searching for neutrino oscillations.
description: 22 pages, 16 figures, published in Physical Review D, latest version to reflect changes in PRD editing
Time-dependent quantum transport with superconducting leads: a discrete basis Kohn-Sham formulation and propagation scheme
Creators: name: Stefanucci, Gianluca
name: Perfetto, Enrico
name: Cini, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we put forward an exact one-particle framework to study nano-scale Josephson junctions out of equilibrium and propose a propagation scheme to calculate the time-dependent current in response to an external applied bias. Using a discrete basis set and Peierls phases for the electromagnetic field we prove that the current and pairing densities in a superconducting system of interacting electrons can be reproduced in a non-interacting Kohn-Sham (KS) system under the influence of different Peierls phases {\em and} of a pairing field. An extended Keldysh formalism for the non-equilibrium Nambu-Green's function (NEGF) is then introduced to calculate the short- and long-time response of the KS system. The equivalence between the NEGF approach and a combination of the static and time-dependent Bogoliubov-deGennes (BdG) equations is shown. For systems consisting of a finite region coupled to ${\cal N}$ superconducting semi-infinite leads we numerically solve the static BdG equations with a generalized wave-guide approach and their time-dependent version with an embedded Crank-Nicholson scheme. To demonstrate the feasibility of the propagation scheme we study two paradigmatic models, the single-level quantum dot and a tight-binding chain, under dc, ac and pulse biases. We provide a time-dependent picture of single and multiple Andreev reflections, show that Andreev bound states can be exploited to generate a zero-bias ac current of tunable frequency, and find a long-living resonant effect induced by microwave irradiation of appropriate frequency.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, published version
Adaptation and Performance of the Cartesian Coordinates Fast Multipole Method for Nanomagnetic Simulations
Creators: name: Zhang, Wen
name: Haas, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An implementation of the fast multiple method (FMM) is performed for magnetic systems with long-ranged dipolar interactions. Expansion in spherical harmonics of the original FMM is replaced by expansion of polynomials in Cartesian coordinates, which is considerably simpler. Under open boundary conditions, an expression for multipole moments of point dipoles in a cell is derived. These make the program appropriate for nanomagnetic simulations, including magnetic nanoparticles and ferrofluids. The performance is optimized in terms of cell size and parameter set (expansion order and opening angle) and the trade off between computing time and accuracy is quantitatively studied. A rule of thumb is proposed to decide the appropriate average number of dipoles in the smallest cells, and an optimal choice of parameter set is suggested. Finally, the superiority of Cartesian coordinate FMM is demonstrated by comparison to spherical harmonics FMM and FFT.
Irreducible Characters of General Linear Superalgebra and Super Duality
Creators: name: Cheng, Shun-Jen
name: Lam, Ngau
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B67

description: We develop a new method to solve the irreducible character problem for a wide class of modules over the general linear superalgebra, including all the finite-dimensional modules, by directly relating the problem to the classical Kazhdan-Lusztig theory. We further verify a parabolic version of a conjecture of Brundan on the irreducible characters in the BGG category $\mc{O}$ of the general linear superalgebra. We also prove the super duality conjecture.
The price of anarchy in basketball
Creators: name: Skinner, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optimizing the performance of a basketball offense may be viewed as a network problem, wherein each play represents a "pathway" through which the ball and players may move from origin (the in-bounds pass) to goal (the basket). Effective field goal percentages from the resulting shot attempts can be used to characterize the efficiency of each pathway. Inspired by recent discussions of the "price of anarchy" in traffic networks, this paper makes a formal analogy between a basketball offense and a simplified traffic network. The analysis suggests that there may be a significant difference between taking the highest-percentage shot each time down the court and playing the most efficient possible game. There may also be an analogue of Braess's Paradox in basketball, such that removing a key player from a team can result in the improvement of the team's offensive efficiency.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures; extra example and some discussion added; formatting errors fixed; typo in Sec. IIID fixed
Searching for replicable associations between cortical thickness and psychometric variables in healthy adults: empirical facts
Creators: name: Kharabian, Shahrzad
name: Eickhoff, Simon
name: Nicolaisen, Eliana
name: GENON, Sarah
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2020

description: 26th Organization for Human Brain Mapping (OHBM) Annual Meeting, virtual, Online, 23 Jun 2020 - 3 Jul 2020
Exact lattice chiral symmetry in 2d gauge theory
Creators: name: Berkowitz, Evan
name: Cherman, Aleksey
name: Jacobson, Theodore
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2023

description: We construct symmetry-preserving lattice regularizations of 2d QED with one and two flavors of Dirac fermions, as well as the `3450' chiral gauge theory, by leveraging bosonization and recently-proposed modifications of Villain-type lattice actions. The internal global symmetries act just as locally on the lattice as they do in the continuum, the anomalies are reproduced at finite lattice spacing, and in each case we find a sign-problem-free dual formulation.
2D N=(4,4) superspace supergravity and bi-projective superfields
Creators: name: Tartaglino-Mazzucchelli, Gabriele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new superspace formulation for N=(4,4) conformal supergravity in two dimensions. This is based on a geometry where the structure group of the curved superspace is chosen to be SO(1,1) x SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R. The off-shell supergravity multiplet possesses super-Weyl transformations generated by an unconstrained real scalar superfield. The new supergravity formulation turns out to be an extension of the minimal multiplet introduced in 1988 by Gates et. al. and it allows the existence of various off-shell matter supermultiplets. Covariant twisted-II and twisted-I multiplets respectively describe the field strength of an Abelian vector multiplet and its prepotential. Moreover, we introduce covariant bi-projective superfields. These define a large class of matter multiplets coupled to 2D N=(4,4) conformal supergravity. They are the analogue of the covariant projective superfields recently introduced for 4D and 5D matter-coupled supergravity but they differ by the fact that bi-projective superfields are defined with the use of two CP^1 instead of one. We conclude by giving a manifestly locally supersymmetric and super-Weyl invariant action principle in bi-projective superspace.
description: 50+1 pages, LaTeX; V2: 52 pages, typos corrected, comments added, version published in JHEP
Communication-optimal Parallel and Sequential Cholesky Decomposition
Creators: name: Ballard, Grey
name: Demmel, James
name: Holtz, Olga
name: Schwartz, Oded
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.1

description: Numerical algorithms have two kinds of costs: arithmetic and communication, by which we mean either moving data between levels of a memory hierarchy (in the sequential case) or over a network connecting processors (in the parallel case). Communication costs often dominate arithmetic costs, so it is of interest to design algorithms minimizing communication. In this paper we first extend known lower bounds on the communication cost (both for bandwidth and for latency) of conventional (O(n^3)) matrix multiplication to Cholesky factorization, which is used for solving dense symmetric positive definite linear systems. Second, we compare the costs of various Cholesky decomposition implementations to these lower bounds and identify the algorithms and data structures that attain them. In the sequential case, we consider both the two-level and hierarchical memory models. Combined with prior results in [13, 14, 15], this gives a set of communication-optimal algorithms for O(n^3) implementations of the three basic factorizations of dense linear algebra: LU with pivoting, QR and Cholesky. But it goes beyond this prior work on sequential LU by optimizing communication for any number of levels of memory hierarchy.
description: 29 pages, 2 tables, 6 figures
Superplastic creep in the lead tin eutectic
Creators: name: Surges, Albert Keith
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: An extensive creep study of a superplastic material has not previously been made. The present study was carried out to determine if there are any basic differences between the creep of coarse grained materials and fine grained super-plastic materials. The results give information about the mechanical properties of superplastic alloys and are relevent to an understanding of the mechanics of superplasticiy. At high strain rates the superplastic lead-tin eutectic deforms by recovery creep and a 3-stage creep curve is observed, similar to that found for coarse grained materials. As the strain rate is decreased, the initial transient (primary creep) disappears and the creep curve is linear until necking occurs and tertiary creep ends in failure. In the principal superplastic range, at medium strain rates, creep curves are linear to at least 50 % strain. The recovery rate is immediately equal to the strain hardening rate and there is no primary creep. At low strain rates the creep curve is slightly convex as the creep rate decreases with time. This may be due to the self extinguishing nature of diffusional creep or possibly strain induced grain growth. These results are consistent with the grain boundary sliding theories of superplasticity although details of the accommodation processes are not known. At the lowest strain rates, diffusional creep may operate.
Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Signal from Nuclear Photodisintegration as a Probe of Extragalactic Sources of Ultrahigh-Energy Nuclei
Creators: name: Murase, Kohta
name: Beacom, John F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is crucial to identify the ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR) sources and probe their unknown properties. Recent results from the Pierre Auger Observatory favor a heavy nuclear composition for the UHECRs. Under the requirement that heavy nuclei survive in these sources, using gamma-ray bursts as an example, we predict a diagnostic gamma-ray signal, unique to nuclei - the emission of de-excitation gamma rays following photodisintegration. These gamma rays, boosted from MeV to TeV-PeV energies, may be detectable by gamma-ray telescopes such as VERITAS, HESS, and MAGIC, and especially the next-generation CTA and AGIS. They are a promising messenger to identify and study individual UHE nuclei accelerators.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in PRD, with extended descriptions. Conclusions unchanged
The Tidal Tails of Globular Cluster Palomar 5 Based on Neural Networks Method
Creators: name: Zou, H.
name: Wu, Z. -Y.
name: Ma, J.
name: Zhou, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Sixth Data Release (DR6) in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) provides more photometric regions, new features and more accurate data around globular cluster Palomar 5. A new method, Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN), is used to estimate the probability of cluster member to detect its tidal tails. Cluster and field stars, used for training the networks, are extracted over a $40\times20$ deg$^2$ field by color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs). The best BPNNs with two hidden layers and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) training algorithm are determined by the chosen cluster and field samples. The membership probabilities of stars in the whole field are obtained with the BPNNs, and contour maps of the probability distribution show that a tail extends $5.42\dg$ to the north of the cluster and a tail extends $3.77\dg$ to the south. The whole tails are similar to those detected by \citet{od03}, but no longer debris of the cluster is found to the northeast of the sky. The radial density profiles are investigated both along the tails and near the cluster center. Quite a few substructures are discovered in the tails. The number density profile of the cluster is fitted with the King model and the tidal radius is determined as $14.28'$. However, the King model cannot fit the observed profile at the outer regions ($R > 8'$) because of the tidal tails generated by the tidal force. Luminosity functions of the cluster and the tidal tails are calculated, which confirm that the tails originate from Palomar 5.
description: 18 pages, published by RAA
Variational Approach for the Effects of Periodic Modulations on the Spectrum of Massless Dirac Fermion
Creators: name: Kandemir, B. S.
name: Mogulkoc, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the variational framework, we study the electronic energy spectrum of massless Dirac fermions of graphene subjected to one-dimensional oscillating magnetic and electrostatic fields centered around a constant uniform static magnetic field. We analyze the influence of the lateral periodic modulations in one direction, created by these oscillating electric and magnetic fields, on Dirac like Landau levels depending on amplitudes and periods of the field modulations. We compare our theoretical results with those found within the framework of non-degenerate perturbation theory. We found that the technique presented here yields energies lower than that obtained by the perturbation calculation, and thus gives more stable solutions for the electronic spectrum of massless Dirac fermion subjected to a magnetic field perpendicular to graphene layer under the influence of additional periodic potentials.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Generic tripartite Bell nonlocality sudden death under local phase noise
Creators: name: Ann, Kevin
name: Jaeger, Gregg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We definitively show, using an explicit and broadly applicable model, that local phase noise that is capable of eliminating state coherence only in the infinite-time limit is capable of eliminating nonlocality in finite time in three two-level systems prepared in the Bell-nonlocal tripartite states of the generic entanglement class.
description: To appear in Physics Letters A. Submitted on 07/14/2008
Recovery of Organic Solutes from Aqueous Solutions US Pat. 6,071,410
Creators: name: Nau, David R
name: Gan, Kevin
name: Arkles, Barry C
name: Sheng, Guicheng
name: Zhou, Hong
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2000
Subjects: Solid Phase Extraction
HPLC
Organosilicon Chemistry

description: The present invention provides in one aspect, a novel method for recovering an organic solute from a predominantly aqueous solution. In one embodiment, the solution is contacted with a dry, non-conditioned sorbent medium held by a supporting structure, whereby the solute is absorbed onto the matrix by hydrophobic interactions. A solvent is then passed through the medium, thereby desorbing the solute. Finally, the solute is collected. A further aspect of the invention provides water-wettable sorbent materials for use in solid phase extractions. Embodiments of polymer-based and silica-based sorbent materials are disclosed.
General properties of response functions of nonequilibrium steady states
Creators: name: Shimizu, Akira
name: Yuge, Tatsuro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive general properties, which hold for both quantum and classical systems, of response functions of nonequilibrium steady states. We clarify differences from those of equilibrium states. In particular, sum rules and asymptotic behaviors are derived, and their implications are discussed. Since almost no assumptions are made, our results are applicable to diverse physical systems. We also demonstrate our results by a molecular dynamics simulation of a many-body interacting system.
description: After publication of this paper, several typos were found, which have been fixed in the erratum (J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 80 (2011) 128001). All the corrections have been made in this updated arXive version. 13 pages with 3 figures
Accuracy of Quasicontinuum Approximations Near Instabilities
Creators: name: Dobson, Matthew
name: Luskin, Mitchell
name: Ortner, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 65Z05, 70C20

description: The formation and motion of lattice defects such as cracks, dislocations, or grain boundaries, occurs when the lattice configuration loses stability, that is, when an eigenvalue of the Hessian of the lattice energy functional becomes negative. When the atomistic energy is approximated by a hybrid energy that couples atomistic and continuum models, the accuracy of the approximation can only be guaranteed near deformations where both the atomistic energy as well as the hybrid energy are stable. We propose, therefore, that it is essential for the evaluation of the predictive capability of atomistic-to-continuum coupling methods near instabilities that a theoretical analysis be performed, at least for some representative model problems, that determines whether the hybrid energies remain stable {\em up to the onset of instability of the atomistic energy}. We formulate a one-dimensional model problem with nearest and next-nearest neighbor interactions and use rigorous analysis, asymptotic methods, and numerical experiments to obtain such sharp stability estimates for the basic conservative quasicontinuum (QC) approximations. Our results show that the consistent quasi-nonlocal QC approximation correctly reproduces the stability of the atomistic system, whereas the inconsistent energy-based QC approximation incorrectly predicts instability at a significantly reduced applied load that we describe by an analytic criterion in terms of the derivatives of the atomistic potential.
description: to appear in J. Mech. Phys. Solids
Gravitational Techniwaves
Creators: name: Jarvinen, Matti
name: Kouvaris, Chris
name: Sannino, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the production and possible detection of gravitational waves stemming from the electroweak phase transition in the early universe in models of minimal walking technicolor. In particular we discuss the two possible scenarios in which one has only one electroweak phase transition and the case in which the technicolor dynamics allows for multiple phase transitions.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures. v2: minor changes, references added, title changed in journal
Casimir effect due to a single boundary as a manifestation of the Weyl problem
Creators: name: Kolomeisky, Eugene B.
name: Straley, Joseph P.
name: Langsjoen, Luke S.
name: Zaidi, Hussain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Casimir self-energy of a boundary is ultraviolet-divergent. In many cases the divergences can be eliminated by methods such as zeta-function regularization or through physical arguments (ultraviolet transparency of the boundary would provide a cutoff). Using the example of a massless scalar field theory with a single Dirichlet boundary we explore the relationship between such approaches, with the goal of better understanding the origin of the divergences. We are guided by the insight due to Dowker and Kennedy (1978) and Deutsch and Candelas (1979), that the divergences represent measurable effects that can be interpreted with the aid of the theory of the asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues of the Laplacian discussed by Weyl. In many cases the Casimir self-energy is the sum of cutoff-dependent (Weyl) terms having geometrical origin, and an "intrinsic" term that is independent of the cutoff. The Weyl terms make a measurable contribution to the physical situation even when regularization methods succeed in isolating the intrinsic part. Regularization methods fail when the Weyl terms and intrinsic parts of the Casimir effect cannot be clearly separated. Specifically, we demonstrate that the Casimir self-energy of a smooth boundary in two dimensions is a sum of two Weyl terms (exhibiting quadratic and logarithmic cutoff dependence), a geometrical term that is independent of cutoff, and a non-geometrical intrinsic term. As by-products we resolve the puzzle of the divergent Casimir force on a ring and correct the sign of the coefficient of linear tension of the Dirichlet line predicted in earlier treatments.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure, minor changes to the text, extra references added, version to be published in J. Phys. A
Controlling the Kondo Effect in CoCu_n Clusters Atom by Atom
Creators: name: Neel, N.
name: Kroeger, J.
name: Berndt, R.
name: Wehling, T.
name: Lichtenstein, A.
name: Katsnelson, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Clusters containing a single magnetic impurity were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy, spectroscopy, and ab initio electronic structure calculations. The Kondo temperature of a Co atom embedded in Cu clusters on Cu(111) exhibits a non-monotonic variation with the cluster size. Calculations model the experimental observations and demonstrate the importance of the local and anisotropic electronic structure for correlation effects in small clusters.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Radial motion into an Einstein-Rosen bridge
Creators: name: Poplawski, Nikodem J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the radial geodesic motion of a massive particle into a black hole in isotropic coordinates, which represents the exterior region of an Einstein-Rosen bridge (wormhole). The particle enters the interior region, which is regular and physically equivalent to the asymptotically flat exterior of a white hole, and the particle's proper time extends to infinity. Since the radial motion into a wormhole after passing the event horizon is physically different from the motion into a Schwarzschild black hole, Einstein-Rosen and Schwarzschild black holes are different, physical realizations of general relativity. Yet for distant observers, both solutions are indistinguishable. We show that timelike geodesics in the field of a wormhole are complete because the expansion scalar in the Raychaudhuri equation has a discontinuity at the horizon, and because the Einstein-Rosen bridge is represented by the Kruskal diagram with Rindler's elliptic identification of the two antipodal future event horizons. These results suggest that observed astrophysical black holes may be Einstein-Rosen bridges, each with a new universe inside that formed simultaneously with the black hole. Accordingly, our own Universe may be the interior of a black hole existing inside another universe.
description: 7 pages; published version
title: AN ASSESSMENT OF 2D AND 3D SPATIAL ACCURACY OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR LIVESTOCK HEALTH MONITORING
Creators: name: Pampolini, Luis Felipe
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: Agricultural Engineering

description: The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the use of consumer-grade unmanned aircraft systems for image-based remote sensing in agriculture with application towards livestock health monitoring. A two-dimensional spatial error experiment was conducted to quantify the spatial accuracy of georeferenced orthomosaic imagery collected using a drone and processed with photogrammetry software. Treatment variables included altitude above ground level and image data type (visible and multispectral). The results from the ANOVA test indicated that there were significant differences between data types, but no significant differences between altitudes. The experiment was then expanded to a three-dimensional study where two life-size cow statues were extensively photographed and processed in groupings to simulate different flights formations. The resulting volume estimations from groups of images were compared to the estimate when using all images. Results revealed the importance of selecting the right flight paths to produce the most c 3D model.
description: © 2020 Luis Felipe Pampolini
On some definitions of a finite set
Creators: name: Gutteridge, Lance
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Six definitions of a finite set are studied; and each implication between the definitions is shown to be either derivable from the Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms or independent of them. The method of Boolean-valued models, as studied by D. Scott, is used to show that it is consistent with the Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms to deny some of these implications by constructing appropriate models. The six definitions are shown to satisfy a list of properties which a definition of finite should reasonably possess. It is also shown that any definition which satisfies these properties must encompass a larger class of sets than the first definition and a smaller class than the sixth. Three more definitions, which do not possess these properties, are mentioned, and the differences between these definitions and the first six are discussed.
Global existence for coupled systems of nonlinear wave and Klein-Gordon equations in three space dimensions
Creators: name: Katayama, Soichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35L70

description: We consider the Cauchy problem for coupled systems of wave and Klein-Gordon equations with quadratic nonlinearity in three space dimensions. We show global existence of small amplitude solutions under certain condition including the null condition on self-interactions between wave equations. Our condition is much weaker than the strong null condition introduced by Georgiev for this kind of coupled system. Consequently our result is applicable to certain physical systems, such as the Dirac-Klein-Gordon equations, the Dirac-Proca equations, and the Klein-Gordon-Zakharov equations.
description: 31 pages. The final version
Additional file 1 of Alleviating the hypoxic tumor microenvironment with MnO2-coated CeO2 nanoplatform for magnetic resonance imaging guided radiotherapy
Creators: name: Pi, Fen
name: Deng, Xuanru
name: Xue, Qian
name: Zheng, Lan
name: Liu, Hongxing
name: Yang, Fang
name: Chen, Tianfeng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry
Space Science
Medicine
Molecular Biology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. The average size of CeO2, MnO2 and CeO2–MnO2. Figure S2. Rates of hydrogen peroxide scavenging by CeO2, MnO2 and CeO2–MnO2 under 100 µg/mL. Figure S3. •O2- level of CeO2, MnO2 and CeO2–MnO2 under different X-rays (4 Gy). Figure S4. ROS level of CeO2, MnO2 and CeO2–MnO2 under different X-rays (4 Gy). Figure S5 . Isobologram analysis of the synergistic antiproliferative effect of the combined application of X-ray and CeO2–MnO2 on HeLa cells.
FCJ-226 ‘And they are like wild beasts’: Violent Things in the Anthropocene
Creators: name: Ballard, Susan
Publisher: name: Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 190299 Film, Television and Digital Media not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)
subject: 200199 Communication and Media Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 200299 Cultural Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other humanities

description: No description supplied
title: QUANTIFYING NITROGEN FATE IN KARST AGROECOSYSTEM STREAMS OF CENTRAL KENTUCKY NUMERICAL MODELING AND INSIGHT FROM HIGH-RESOLUTION SENSORS
title: DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL MODELING AND INSIGHT FROM HIGH-RESOLUTION SENSORS
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Bunnell, Nolan
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: Agricultural engineering

description: In-stream fate of nutrients in karst agroecosystems remains poorly understood, despite the known impact of karst on water resources at local to global scales. In the Inner-Bluegrass region of central Kentucky, heterogeneity of karst maturity, flow pathways, and nutrient sources adds to the complexity of quantifying nutrient dynamics, thus requiring novel monitoring and modeling approaches. The significance of these streams is recognized given spring/surface water confluences have been identified as hotspots for biogeochemical transformations. In slow-moving streams high in dissolved inorganic nutrients (particularly dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP)), benthic and floating aquatic macrophytes are recognized to proliferate and drastically impact nutrient fate; however, models that quantify coupled interactions between these pools are lacking. Current in-stream nutrient models place emphasis on benthic and hyporheic nutrient processing, but often neglect the potential for floating aquatic macrophytes to uptake nutrients and facilitate denitrification. This thesis presents a new reach-scale modeling framework of nitrogen dynamics in bedrock-controlled streams that accounts for coupled interactions between hydrology, hydraulics, and biotic (benthic and floating aquatic macrophytes) dynamics downstream of springs and is validated using a biweekly monitoring dataset from 2000-2003. Comprehensive budget results are presented to quantify transformation dynamics for the DIN pool using a GLUE-like modeling framework. Further, we collected high-frequency data from September 2018 - December 2019 including nitrate (validated with biweekly grab samples), dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, conductivity, turbidity, fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM), and depth all at 15-minute intervals. Model results from a 10,000 run uncertainty analysis yielded 195 acceptable parameter sets for the calibration period (2000-2002) and 47 acceptable parameter sets for the validation period (2003) (NSE > 0.65; PBIAS < ±15), with significantly different posterior parameter spaces for multiple parameters, including denitrification coefficients and vegetation growth factors. The high-frequency data shows significant diurnal and storm flow effects on nitrate and dissolved oxygen fluctuations. This modeling and data collection has broader implications for watershed scale-water quality modeling and implementation strategies of nutrient best management practices for karst agroecosystems.
description: © 2020 Nolan Lewis Bunnell