cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Electro-capillary peeling of thin films
Creators: name: Li, Peiliu
name: Huang, Xianfu
name: Zhao, Ya-Pu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thin films being a universal functional material have attracted much interest in academic and industrial applications, such as flexible electronics, soft robotics, and micro-nano devices. With thin films becoming micro/nanoscale, developing a simple and nondestructive peeling method for transferring and reusing remains a big challenge. Here, we present an innovative detaching approach for thin films: Electro-capillary peeling method. The electro-capillary peeling method achieves thin films' detachment by driving liquid to percolate and spread into the bonding layer under electric fields. Compared with traditional methods, thin film detached by this novel peeling mode shows a much lower deformation and strain of film (reaching 86%). Evaluated by various applied voltages and films, the electro-capillary peeling method shows active control characterizations and is appropriate in a broad range of films. Theoretically, it is demonstrated that the electro-capillary peeling method is actualized by utilizing Maxwell stress to compete with the film's adhesive stress and tension stress. The peeling length versus time, applied voltage, film's thickness, and elastic modulus are described by $r\sim t$, $r \sim U$, $r\sim d_{0}^{-1/2}$, and $r\sim E^{-1/2}$, respectively. Additionally, observations of critical peeling voltage present that the thin film is readily detached by using the electro-capillary peeling method at the ultra-low voltage of only 0.7 V. This work clearly shows the great potential of electro-capillary peeling method to provide a new way for transferring films and open novel routes for applications of soft materials.
The SAURON project-XXI. The spatially-resolved UV-line strength relations of early-type galaxies
Creators: name: Jeong, Hyunjin
name: Yi, Sukyoung K.
name: Bureau, Martin
name: Davies, Roger L.
name: Bacon, Roland
name: Cappellari, Michele
name: de Zeeuw, P. Tim
name: Emsellem, Eric
name: Falcon-Barroso, Jesus
name: Krajnovic, Davor
name: Kuntschner, Harald
name: McDermid, Richard M.
name: Peletier, Reynier F.
name: Sarzi, Marc
name: Bosch, Remco C. E. van den
name: van de Ven, Glenn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unexpected rising flux of early-type galaxies at decreasing ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths is a long-standing mystery. One important observational constraint is the correlation between UV-optical colours and Mg2 line strengths found by Burstein et al. (1988). The simplest interpretation of this phenomenon is that the UV strength is related to the Mg line strength. Under this assumption, we expect galaxies with larger Mg gradients to have larger UV colour gradients. By combining UV imaging from GALEX, optical imaging from MDM and SAURON integral-field spectroscopy, we investigate the spatially-resolved relationships between UV colours and stellar population properties of 34 early-type galaxies from the SAURON survey sample. We find that galaxies with old stellar populations show tight correlations between the FUV colours (FUV-V and FUV-NUV) and the Mgb index, Hβ index and metallicity [Z/H]. The equivalent correlations for the Fe5015 index, α-enhancement [α/Fe] and age are present but weaker. We have also derived logarithmic internal radial colour, measured line strength and derived stellar population gradients for each galaxy and again found a strong dependence of the FUV-V and FUV-NUV colour gradients on both the Mg b line strength and the metallicity gradients for galaxies with old stellar populations. In particular, global gradients of Mg b and [Z/H] with respect to the UV colour across galaxies are consistent with their local gradients within galaxies, suggesting that the global correlations also hold locally. From a simple model based on multi-band colour fits of UV upturn and UV-weak galaxies, we have identified a plausible range of parameters that reproduces the observed radial colour profiles. In these models, the centers of elliptical galaxies, where the UV flux is strong, are enhanced in metals by roughly 60% compared to UV-weak regions.
description: 22 pages, 20 figures and 4 tables; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 2 of Exploring the diagnostic effectiveness for myocardial ischaemia based on CCTA myocardial texture features
Creators: name: Zhao, Hengyu
name: Yuan, Lijie
name: Chen, Zhishang
name: Liao, Yuting
name: Lin, Jiangzhou
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 2: AK software radiomics parameter description.
Mapping the galaxy NGC 4486 (M87) through its Globular Cluster System
Creators: name: Forte, Juan C.
name: Vega, E. Irene
name: Faifer, Favio R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As shown in previous works, globular clusters can be used to trace the overall structure of the diffuse stellar populations in early type galaxies if the number of clusters per unit stellar mass depends on metallicity. In this paper we further test this assumption in the galaxy NGC 4486 (M 87), by combining several data sources. The results show that globular clusters allow the mapping of the galaxy in terms of the surface brightness profile, integrated colour gradient, chemical abundance, and mass to luminosity ratios up to 1000 arcsec (or 80.4 kpc) from its centre (i.e. some 10 effective radii). The analysis indicates the presence of a dominant high metallicity bulge associated with the red globulars, whose ellipticity increases outwards, and of a more flattened low metallicity halo connected with the blue globulars. The chemical abundance gradient of the composite stellar population is remarkably similar to that inferred from X ray observations of hot gas. The mass-metallicity spectrum of the stellar population can, in principle, be understood in terms of inhomogeneous enrichment models. In turn, the distribution of the bluest GCs, and lowest metallicity halo stars, has an intriguing similarity with that of dark matter, a feature shared with NGC 1399. Also, in these two galaxies, the number of blue GCs per dark mass unit is identical within the errors, \approx 1.0(\pm0.3) \times 10^{-9} . The total stellar mass derived for NGC 4486 is 6.8(\pm1.1) \times 10^{11} M\odot with a baryonic mass fraction fb = 0.08(\pm 0.01).
description: 18 pages, 23 figures
Radar-Camera Fusion for Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Review
Creators: name: Yao, Shanliang
name: Guan, Runwei
name: Huang, Xiaoyu
name: Li, Zhuoxiao
name: Sha, Xiangyu
name: Yue, Yong
name: Lim, Eng Gee
name: Seo, Hyungjoon
name: Man, Ka Lok
name: Zhu, Xiaohui
name: Yue, Yutao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Driven by deep learning techniques, perception technology in autonomous driving has developed rapidly in recent years, enabling vehicles to accurately detect and interpret surrounding environment for safe and efficient navigation. To achieve accurate and robust perception capabilities, autonomous vehicles are often equipped with multiple sensors, making sensor fusion a crucial part of the perception system. Among these fused sensors, radars and cameras enable a complementary and cost-effective perception of the surrounding environment regardless of lighting and weather conditions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive guideline for radar-camera fusion, particularly concentrating on perception tasks related to object detection and semantic segmentation.Based on the principles of the radar and camera sensors, we delve into the data processing process and representations, followed by an in-depth analysis and summary of radar-camera fusion datasets. In the review of methodologies in radar-camera fusion, we address interrogative questions, including "why to fuse", "what to fuse", "where to fuse", "when to fuse", and "how to fuse", subsequently discussing various challenges and potential research directions within this domain. To ease the retrieval and comparison of datasets and fusion methods, we also provide an interactive website: https://radar-camera-fusion.github.io.
description: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles (T-IV)
Fixed energy potentials through an auxiliary inverse eigenvalue problem
Creators: name: Palmai, Tamas
name: Apagyi, Barnabas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34L25, 65L09, 81U40

description: An inverse scattering method based on an auxiliary inverse Sturm-Liouville problem recently proposed by Horváth and Apagyi [Mod. Phys. Lett. B 22, 2137 (2008)] is examined in various aspects and developed further to (re)construct spherically symmetric fixed energy potentials of compact support realized in the three-dimensional Schrödinger equation. The method is generalized to obtain a family of inverse procedures characterized by two parameters originating, respectively, from the Liouville transformation and the solution of the inverse Sturm-Liouville problem. Both parameters affect the bound states arising in the auxiliary inverse spectral problem and one of them enables to reduce their number which is assessed by a simple method. Various solution techniques of the underlying moment problem are proposed including exact Cauchy matrix inversion method, usage of spurious bound state and assessment of the number of bound states. Examples include (re)productions of potentials from phase shifts known theoretically or derived from scattering experiments.
description: 20 pages, 17 eps figures
More Synergies from Beauty, Top, $Z$ and Drell-Yan Measurements in SMEFT
Creators: name: Grunwald, Cornelius
name: Hiller, Gudrun
name: Kröninger, Kevin
name: Nollen, Lara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a global analysis of Beauty, Top, $Z$ and Drell-Yan measurements in the framework of the Standard Model effective theory (SMEFT). We work within the minimal flavor violation (MFV) hypothesis, which relates different sectors and generations beyond the $SU(2)_L$-link between left-handed top and beauty quarks. We find that the constraints on the SMEFT Wilson coefficients from the combined analysis are stronger than the constraints from a fit to the individual sectors, highlighting synergies in the global approach. We also show that constraints within MFV are strengthened compared to single-generation fits. The strongest bounds are obtained for the semileptonic four-fermion triplet operator $C_{lq}^{(3)}$, probing scales as high as $18$ TeV, followed by the gluon dipole operator $C_{uG}$ with $7$ TeV, and other four-fermion and penguin operators in the multi-TeV range. Operators with left-handed quark bilinears receive order one contributions from higher orders in the MFV expansion induced by the top Yukawa coupling as a result of the FCNC $b \to s μμ$ anomalies combined with the other sectors. We predict the $68\%$ credible intervals of the dineutrino branching ratios within MFV as $5.3 \cdot 10^{-6} \leq {\cal{B}}(B^0 \to K^{* 0} ν\barν) \leq 12.8 \cdot 10^{-6}$ and $ 2.5 \cdot 10^{-6} \leq {\cal{B}}(B^+ \to K^+ ν\barν) \leq 5.9 \cdot 10^{-6}$, which include the respective Standard Model predictions, and are in reach of the Belle II experiment. We show how future measurements of the dineutrino branching ratios can provide insights into the structure of new physics in the global fit.
description: 45 pages, 13 figures, v2: $B \to K$ form factors updated, conclusions unchanged, v3: clarifications on MFV expansion, $B \to K^*$ form factors updated, conclusions unchanged
Additional file 1 of Impact of very preterm birth and post-discharge growth on cardiometabolic outcomes at school age: a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Yun, Jungha
name: Jung, Young Hwa
name: Shin, Seung Han
name: Song, In Gyu
name: Lee, Young Ah
name: Shin, Choong Ho
name: Kim, Ee-Kyung
name: Kim, Han-Suk
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Multivariate analysis for cardiometabolic findings without adjusting weight-for-age z-score change, LMI and FMI (Model I). Table S2. Multivariate analysis for cardiometabolic findings without adjusting weight-for-age z-score change (Model II). Table S3. Body measurements in early school-aged children who were born as appropriate for gestational age. Table S4. Blood pressures and laboratory findings of metabolic syndrome among school-aged children who were born as appropriate for gestational age. Table S5. Partial correlation analysis for HOMA-IR and systolic and diastolic BP school-aged children who were born as appropriate for gestational age
High resolution sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Lower Cretaceous Nanton Formation (Ostracode Zone), with implications for hydrocarbon generation kinetics and quantitative basin modeling, Western Canada Foreland Basin
Creators: name: Akpulat, Nadir Taskin
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: AC1 .T484 2003 A38A
subject: Additional copy: AC1 .T484 2003 A38 (Gallagher)

description: Bibliography: p. 352-383
description: Includes CD-Rom
Local magneto-shear instability in Newtonian gravity
Creators: name: Celora, T.
name: Hawke, I.
name: Andersson, N.
name: Comer, G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magneto-rotational instability (MRI) - which is due to an interplay between a sheared background and the magnetic field - is commonly considered a key ingredient for developing and sustaining turbulence in the outer envelope of binary neutron star merger remnants. To assess whether (or not) the instability is active and resolved, criteria originally derived in the accretion disk literature - thus exploiting the symmetries of such systems - are often used. In this paper we discuss the magneto-shear instability as a truly local phenomenon, relaxing common symmetry assumptions on the background on top of which the instability grows. This makes the discussion well-suited for highly dynamical environments such as binary mergers. We find that - although this is somewhat hidden in the usual derivation of the MRI dispersion relation - the instability crucially depends on the assumed symmetries. Relaxing the symmetry assumptions on the background we find that the role of the magnetic field is significantly diminished, as it affects the modes' growth but does not drive it. This suggests that we should not expect the standard instability criteria to provide a faithful indication/diagnostic of what "is actually going on" in mergers. We conclude by making contact with a suitable filtering operation, as this is key to separating background and fluctuations in highly dynamical systems.
Fisher forecast for the BAO measurements from the CSST spectroscopic and photometric galaxy clustering
Creators: name: Ding, Zhejie
name: Yu, Yu
name: Zhang, Pengjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The China Space Station Telescope (CSST) is a forthcoming Stage IV galaxy survey. It will simultaneously undertake the photometric redshift (photo-z) and slitless spectroscopic redshift (spec-z) surveys mainly for weak lensing and galaxy clustering studies. The two surveys cover the same sky area and overlap on the redshift range. At $z>1$, due to the sparse number density of the spec-z sample, it limits the constraints on the scale of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO). By cross-correlating the spec-z sample with the high density photo-z sample, we can effectively enhance the constraints on the angular diameter distances $D_A(z)$ from the BAO measurement. Based on the Fisher matrix, we forecast a $\geq$ 30 per cent improvement on constraining $D_A(z)$ from the joint analysis of the spec-z and cross galaxy power spectra at $1.0
description: 13 pages, 11 figures; Published by MNRAS
Additional file 1 of Investigations on the occurrence of a muscular disorder in Austrian slaughter pigs
Creators: name: Schwarz, Lukas
name: Schöner, Carolin
name: Brunthaler, Rene
name: Weissenböck, Herbert
name: Bernreiter-Hofer, Tanja
name: Wallner, Barbara
name: Ladinig, Andrea
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Blank form used for the survey.
Reconstruction of Gravitational Lensing Using WMAP 7-Year Data
Creators: name: Feng, Chang
name: Keating, Brian
name: Paar, Hans P.
name: Zahn, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational lensing by large scale structure introduces non-Gaussianity into the Cosmic Microwave Background and imprints a new observable, which can be used as a cosmological probe. We apply a four-point estimator to the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) 7-year coadded temperature maps alone to reconstruct the gravitational lensing signal. The Gaussian bias is simulated and subtracted, and the higher order bias is investigated. We measure a gravitational lensing signal with a statistical amplitude of $\mathcal {C}$ = $1.27\pm 0.98$ using all the correlations of the W- and V-band Differencing Assemblies (DAs). We therefore conclude that WMAP 7-year data alone, can not detect lensing.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 2 of Investigations on the occurrence of a muscular disorder in Austrian slaughter pigs
Creators: name: Schwarz, Lukas
name: Schöner, Carolin
name: Brunthaler, Rene
name: Weissenböck, Herbert
name: Bernreiter-Hofer, Tanja
name: Wallner, Barbara
name: Ladinig, Andrea
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Description of an correponding example of the described muscular disorder and information for participating meat inspecting veterinarians in the survey.
Magnetic resonance perfusion quantification: the advantages of frequency-domain modeling and the impact of partial volume effects
Creators: name: Chen, Jean Jing
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2004

description: Bibliography: p. 122-130
description: In dynamic-susceptibility contrast (DSC) magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion imaging, the cerebral blood flow (CBF) is estimated from the tissue residue function obtained through deconvolution of the arterial input function (AIF) and the tissue contrast concentration function. The reliability of CBF estimates obtained by deconvolution is sensitive to various distortions including high-frequency noise amplification and signal under-sampling. In the presence of noise or contrast recirculation, the most commonly used time-domain singular-value decomposition (SVD) -based algorithms introduce biases into the CBF estimates, the degree of which varying with tissue mean transit time. In addition, the arterial concentration signal measurements are distorted due to partial-volume effects (PVE). By modeling the residue function in the frequency domain, it is shown that the desired signal can be recovered from amidst the above distortions to provide improved CBF estimation accuracy. The advantages and applicability of this novel approach are explored by characterizing the residue function through a simple frequency-domain Lorentzian model (FDLM). As the performance of the FDLM method is model-dependent, this approach does not represent an ideal frequency-domain modeling technique; however, FDLM is shown to be applicable to several clinically relevant tissue models, and resulted in decreased CBF estimation error compared to SVD. The results also suggest that the calibration factor needed to obtain absolute CBF estimates varies with the deconvolution algorithm, and that the FDLM calibration factor is less sensitive to tissue mean transit time than that for SVD-based approaches. In addition, in the presence of PVE, the accuracy of CBF estimates has been shown to deteriorate at a much faster rate than increases in the degree of PVE in AIF measurement. To correct for PVE, the nonlinear relationship between changes in MR signal intensity and arterial concentration must be considered. A new PVE-estimation and correction method was proposed, in which the MR signal baseline intensities were used to estimate the partial-volume fraction, from which it was possible to correct for AIF distortions caused by PVE. Practical application of this method requires more reliable source data, and hence improvement in image quality.
Airborne Virus Transmission: Increased Spreading Due to Formation of Hollow Particles
Creators: name: Ozler, Gizem
name: Grosshans, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The globally supported social distancing rules to prevent airborne transmission of COVID-19 assume small saliva droplets evaporate fast and large ones, which contain most viral copies, fall fast to the ground. However, during evaporation, solutes distribute non-uniformly within the droplets. We developed a numerical model to predict saliva droplet drying in different environments. We represent saliva droplets as a solution of NaCl mixed with water. In a hot and dry ambiance, the solutes form a shell on the droplets' surface, producing light, hollow particles. These hollow particles have a larger cross-sectional area compared to their solid counterparts and can float longer and travel farther in the air. We introduced the "hollowness factor," which serves as a measure of the ratio of the volume of a hollow particle and the volume of a solid residue formed during droplet drying. Through our investigations, we determined that under specific conditions, namely an ambient humidity level of 10% and a temperature of 40°C, the highest hollowness factor observed was 1.610. This finding indicates that in the case of hollow particle formation, the droplet nucleus expands by a factor of 1.610 compared to its original size.
On the use of ordered factors as explanatory variables
Creators: name: Azzalini, Adelchi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Consider a regression or some regression-type model for a certain response variable where the linear predictor includes an ordered factor among the explanatory variables. The inclusion of a factor of this type can take place is a few different ways, discussed in the pertaining literature. The present contribution proposes a different way of tackling this problem, by constructing a numeric variable in an alternative way with respect to the current methodology. The proposed techniques appears to retain the data fitting capability of the existing methodology, but with a simpler interpretation of the model components.
Stability analysis for pitchfork bifurcations of solitary waves in generalized nonlinear Schroedinger equations
Creators: name: Yang, Jianke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Linear stability of both sign-definite (positive) and sign-indefinite solitary waves near pitchfork bifurcations is analyzed for the generalized nonlinear Schroedinger equations with arbitrary forms of nonlinearity and external potentials in arbitrary spatial dimensions. Bifurcations of linear-stability eigenvalues associated with pitchfork bifurcations are analytically calculated. It is shown that the smooth solution branch switches stability at the bifurcation point. In addition, the two bifurcated solution branches and the smooth branch have the opposite (same) stability when their power slopes have the same (opposite) sign. One unusual feature on the stability of these pitchfork bifurcations is that the smooth and bifurcated solution branches can be both stable or both unstable, which contrasts such bifurcations in finite-dimensional dynamical systems where the smooth and bifurcated branches generally have opposite stability. For the special case of positive solitary waves, stronger and more explicit stability results are also obtained. It is shown that for positive solitary waves, their linear stability near a bifurcation point can be read off directly from their power diagram. Lastly, various numerical examples are presented, and the numerical results confirm the analytical predictions both qualitatively and quantitatively.
description: 28 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 2 of Detecting copy number variation in next generation sequencing data from diagnostic gene panels
Creators: name: Singh, Ashish Kumar
name: Olsen, Maren Fridtjofsen
name: Lavik, Liss Anne Solberg
name: Vold, Trine
name: Drabløs, Finn
name: Sjursen, Wenche
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. CNV findings (with genomic positions) in 36 control samples.
Additional file 4 of Detecting copy number variation in next generation sequencing data from diagnostic gene panels
Creators: name: Singh, Ashish Kumar
name: Olsen, Maren Fridtjofsen
name: Lavik, Liss Anne Solberg
name: Vold, Trine
name: Drabløs, Finn
name: Sjursen, Wenche
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4. CNV findings (with genomic positions) in 45 diagnostic routine samples.
Random walks on modular chains: Detecting structure through statistics
Creators: name: Gerry, Matthew
name: Segal, Dvira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study kinetic transport through modular networks consisting of alternating domains using both analytical and numerical methods. We demonstrate that the mean velocity is insensitive to the local structure of the network, and it indicates only on global, structural-averaged properties. However, by examining high-order cumulants characterizing the kinetics, we reveal information on the degree of inhomogeneity of blocks and the size of repeating units in the network. Specifically, in unbiased diffusion, the kurtosis is the first transport coefficient that exposes structural information, whereas in biased chains, the diffusion coefficient already reveals structural motifs. Nevertheless, this latter dependence is weak and it disappears at both low and high biasing. Our study demonstrates that high order moments of the population distribution over sites provide information about the network structure that is not captured by the first moment (mean velocity) alone. These results are useful towards deciphering mechanisms and determining architectures underlying long-range charge transport in biomolecules and biological and chemical reaction networks.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Improved accuracy of the NPL-CsF2 primary frequency standard: evaluation of distributed cavity phase and microwave lensing frequency shifts
Creators: name: Li, Ruoxin
name: Gibble, Kurt
name: Szymaniec, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate the distributed cavity phase and microwave lensing frequency shifts, which were the two largest sources of uncertainty for the NPL-CsF2 cesium fountain clock. We report measurements that confirm a detailed theoretical model of the microwave cavity fields and the frequency shifts of the clock that they produce. The model and measurements significantly reduce the distributed cavity phase uncertainty to $1.1 \times 10^{-16}$. We derive the microwave lensing frequency shift for a cylindrical cavity with circular apertures. An analytic result with reasonable approximations is given, in addition to a full calculation that indicates a shift of $6.2 \times 10^{-17}$. The measurements and theoretical models we report, along with improved evaluations of collisional and microwave leakage induced frequency shifts, reduce the frequency uncertainty of the NPL-CsF2 standard to $2.3 \times 10^{-16}$, nearly a factor of two lower than its most recent complete evaluation.
Excitonic and deep-level emission from N- and Al-polar homoepitaxial AlN grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Creators: name: van Deurzen, Len
name: Singhal, Jashan
name: Encomendero, Jimy
name: Pieczulewski, Naomi
name: Chang, Celesta
name: Cho, YongJin
name: Muller, David Anthony
name: Xing, Huili Grace
name: Jena, Debdeep
name: Brandt, Oliver
name: Lähnemann, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using low-temperature cathodoluminescence spectroscopy, we study the properties of N- and Al-polar AlN layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on bulk AlN{0001}. Compared to the bulk AlN substrate, layers of both polarities feature a suppression of deep-level luminescence, a total absence of the prevalent donor with an exciton binding energy of 28 meV, and a much increased intensity of the emission from free excitons. The dominant donor in these layers is characterized by an associated exciton binding energy of 13 meV. The observation of excited exciton states up to the exciton continuum allows us to directly extract the $Γ_{5}$ free exciton binding energy of 57 meV.
On stability of difference schemes
Creators: name: Borisov, V. S.
name: Mond, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 39A30, 65L20, 65M12, 65N12

description: The stability of nonlinear explicit difference schemes with not, in general, open domains of the scheme operators are studied. For the case of path-connected, bounded, and Lipschitz domains, we establish the notion that a multi-level nonlinear explicit scheme is stable iff (if and only if) the corresponding scheme in variations is stable. A new modification of the central Lax-Friedrichs (LxF) scheme is developed to be of the second order accuracy. The modified scheme is based on nonstaggered grids. A monotone piecewise cubic interpolation is used in the central scheme to give an accurate approximation for the model in question. The stability of the modified scheme is investigated. Some versions of the modified scheme are tested on several conservation laws, and the scheme is found to be accurate and robust. As applied to hyperbolic conservation laws with, in general, stiff source terms, it is constructed a second order nonstaggered central scheme based on operator-splitting techniques.
description: 45 pages, 7 figures
Welcome to Jurassic Park: A Comprehensive Study of Security Risks in Deno and its Ecosystem
Creators: name: Alhamdan, Abdullah
name: Staicu, Cristian-Alexandru
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2024

description: Node.js and its ecosystem npm are notoriously insecure, enabling the proliferation of supply chain attacks. Deno is an emerging runtime that promises to offer a safer alternative for running untrusted JavaScript code outside of the browser. Learning from Node.js’s mistakes, Deno is written in Rust, a memory-safe programming language, and it includes a strict permission system that checks all accesses to sensitive APIs via static or runtime permissions. Deno also allows the inclusion of third-party code via URLs, which promises a more transparent way of handling dependencies, advocating for a fully decentralized software supply chain. In this paper, we study if Deno delivers on its promise of increased security. We find that indeed Deno has a smaller attack surface than Node.js, but there still are known attacks that are not addressed (ReDoS) or only partially mitigated (prototype pollution). Moreover, we find several weaknesses in Deno’s permission system, which allow sophisticated supply chain attacks. First, coarse-grained permissions allow attackers to abuse the ambient authority of the operating system to sidestep the permission system. Second, we find that URL imports are exempted from the permission checks, allowing attackers to perform unlawful network requests. We also identify time- of-check to time-of-use issues when handling symbolic links, making fine-grained file system access control ineffective. We then perform an empirical study of Deno’s main ecosystem deno.land to understand how developers consume third-party code and how permissions are used and communicated. We identify classical URL-related issues such as expired domains and reliance on insecure transport protocols, but we also find that it is challenging to guarantee uniform immutability and version control when multiple domains are involved in code distribution. We also provide initial evidence that developers poorly document required permissions on deno.land and that they tend to abuse coarse-grained permissions, reducing the benefits of the permission system. Our findings resulted in two security advisories for Deno and a redesign of its import mechanism. We also make concrete recommendations for improving Deno’s security model to further prevent supply chain attacks: add import permissions, additional access control at file system level, support for compartmentalization, and a manifest file that persists fine-grained permissions.
Absolute Magnitude Calibration for Giants based on the Colour-Magnitude Diagrams of Galactic Clusters. II-Calibration with SDSS
Creators: name: Karaali, S.
name: Bilir, S.
name: Gokce, E. Yaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an absolute magnitude calibration for red giants with the colour magnitude diagrams of six Galactic clusters with different metallicities i.e. M92, M13, M3, M71, NGC 6791 and NGC 2158. The combination of the absolute magnitudes of the red giant sequences with the corresponding metallicities provides calibration for absolute magnitude estimation for red giants for a given $(g-r)_{0}$ colour. The calibration is defined in the colour interval 0.45 $\leq(g-r)_{0}\leq$ 1.30 mag and it covers the metallicity interval $-2.15\leq \lbrack Fe/H \rbrack \leq$ +0.37 dex. The absolute magnitude residuals obtained by the application of the procedure to another set of Galactic clusters lie in the interval $-0.28< ΔM \leq +0.43$ mag. However, the range of 94% of the residuals is shorter, $-0.1
description: 12 pages, including 5 figures and 10 tables, accepted for publication in PASA. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1204.4291
Role of magnetic pressure forces in fluctuation dynamo saturation
Creators: name: Sur, Sharanya
name: Subramanian, Kandaswamy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using magnetohydrodynamic simulations of fluctuation dynamos in turbulent flows with rms Mach numbers $\mathcal{M}_{\rm rms} = 0.2, 1.1$ and $3$, we show that magnetic pressure forces play a crucial role in dynamo saturation in supersonic flows. First, as expected when pressure forces oppose compression, an increase in anticorrelation between density and magnetic field strengths obtains even in subsonic flows with the anti-correlation arising from the intense but rarer magnetic structures. In supersonic flows, due to stronger compressive motions density and magnetic field strength continue to maintain a positive correlation. However, the degree of positive correlation decreases as the dynamo saturates. Secondly, we find that the unit vectors of $\nablaρ$ and $\nabla B^{2}$ are preferentially antiparallel to each other in subsonic flows. This is indicative of magnetic pressure opposing compression. This antiparallel alignment persists in transonic and supersonic flows at dynamo saturation. However, compressive motions also lead to the emergence of a parallel alignment in these flows. Finally, we consider the work done against the components of the Lorentz force and the different sources of magnetic energy growth and dissipation. We show that while in subsonic flows, suppression of field line stretching is dominant in saturating the dynamo, the picture is different in supersonic flows. Both field line stretching and compression initially amplifies the field. However, growing magnetic pressure opposes further compression of magnetic flux which tends to reduce the compressive motions. Simultaneously, field line stretching also reduces. But, suppression of compressive amplification dominates the saturation of the dynamo.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
WOT-Class: Weakly Supervised Open-world Text Classification
Creators: name: Wang, Tianle
name: Wang, Zihan
name: Liu, Weitang
name: Shang, Jingbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: State-of-the-art weakly supervised text classification methods, while significantly reduced the required human supervision, still requires the supervision to cover all the classes of interest. This is never easy to meet in practice when human explore new, large corpora without complete pictures. In this paper, we work on a novel yet important problem of weakly supervised open-world text classification, where supervision is only needed for a few examples from a few known classes and the machine should handle both known and unknown classes in test time. General open-world classification has been studied mostly using image classification; however, existing methods typically assume the availability of sufficient known-class supervision and strong unknown-class prior knowledge (e.g., the number and/or data distribution). We propose a novel framework WOT-Class that lifts those strong assumptions. Specifically, it follows an iterative process of (a) clustering text to new classes, (b) mining and ranking indicative words for each class, and (c) merging redundant classes by using the overlapped indicative words as a bridge. Extensive experiments on 7 popular text classification datasets demonstrate that WOT-Class outperforms strong baselines consistently with a large margin, attaining 23.33% greater average absolute macro-F1 over existing approaches across all datasets. Such competent accuracy illuminates the practical potential of further reducing human effort for text classification.
description: Accepted by CIKM 2023
A Non-stochastic Optimization Algorithm for Neural-network Quantum States
Creators: name: Li, Xiang
name: Huang, Jia-Cheng
name: Zhang, Guang-Ze
name: Li, Hao-En
name: Cao, Chang-su
name: Lv, Dingshun
name: Hu, Han-Shi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neural-network quantum states (NQS) employ artificial neural networks to encode many-body wave functions in second quantization through variational Monte Carlo (VMC). They have recently been applied to accurately describe electronic wave functions of molecules and have shown the challenges in efficiency comparing with traditional quantum chemistry methods. Here we introduce a general non-stochastic optimization algorithm for NQS in chemical systems, which deterministically generates a selected set of important configurations simultaneously with energy evaluation of NQS. This method bypasses the need for Markov-chain Monte Carlo within the VMC framework, thereby accelerating the entire optimization process. Furthermore, this newly-developed non-stochastic optimization algorithm for NQS offers comparable or superior accuracy compared to its stochastic counterpart and ensures more stable convergence. The application of this model to test molecules exhibiting strong electron correlations provides further insight into the performance of NQS in chemical systems and opens avenues for future enhancements.
description: 30 pages, 7 figures, and 1 table
Protostellar Outflow Heating in a Growing Massive Protocluster
Creators: name: Wang, Ke
name: Zhang, Qizhou
name: Wu, Yuefang
name: Li, Hua-bai
name: Zhang, Huawei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dense molecular clump P1 in the infrared dark cloud (IRDC) complex G28.34+0.06 harbors a massive protostellar cluster at its extreme youth. Our previous Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations revealed several jet-like CO outflows emanating from the protostars, indicative of intense accretion and potential interaction with ambient natal materials. Here we present the Expanded Very Large Array (EVLA) spectral line observations toward P1 in the NH3 (J,K) = (1,1), (2,2), (3,3) lines, as well as H2O and class I CH3OH masers. Multiple NH3 transitions reveal the heated gas widely spread in the 1 pc clump. The temperature distribution is highly structured; the heated gas is offset from the protostars, and morphologically matches the outflows very well. Hot spots of spatially compact, spectrally broad NH3 (3,3) emission are also found coincident with the outflows. A weak NH3 (3,3) maser is discovered at the interface between an outflow jet and the ambient gas. These findings suggest that protostellar heating may not be effective in suppressing fragmentation during the formation of massive cores.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted to ApJ Letters
Inconsistencies in, and short pathlength correction to, $R_{AA}(p_T)$ in $\mathrm{A}+\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{p} + \mathrm{A}$ collisions
Creators: name: Faraday, Coleridge
name: Grindrod, Antonia
name: Horowitz, W. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first leading hadron suppression predictions in $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ and $\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions from a convolved radiative and collisional energy loss model in which partons propagate through a realistic background and in which the inelastic energy loss receives a short pathlength correction. We find that the short pathlength correction is small for $D$ and $B$ meson $R_{AA}(p_T)$ in both $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ and $\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions. However the short pathlength correction leads to a surprisingly large reduction in suppression for $π$ mesons in $\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{Pb}$ and even $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions. We systematically check the consistency of the assumptions used in the radiative energy loss derivation - such as collinearity, softness, and large formation time - with the final numerical model. While collinearity and softness are self-consistently satisfied in the final numerics, we find that the large formation time approximation breaks down at modest to high momenta $p_T \gtrsim 30$ GeV. We find that both the size of the small pathlength correction to $R_{AA}(p_T)$ and the $p_T$ at which the large formation time assumption breaks down are acutely sensitive to the chosen distribution of scattering centers in the plasma.
description: 22 pages (excluding references) and 21 figures. Updated to be in line with corresponding published journal article
Segregation of an intruder in a heated granular dense gas
Creators: name: Garzó, Vicente
name: Reyes, Fran Vega
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent segregation criterion [V. Garzó, Phys. Rev. E \textbf{78}, 020301(R) (2008)] based on the thermal diffusion factor $Λ$ of an intruder in a heated granular gas described by the inelastic Enskog equation is revisited. The sign of $Λ$ provides a criterion for the transition between the Brazil-nut effect (BNE) and the reverse Brazil-nut effect (RBNE). The present theory incorporates two extra ingredients not accounted for by the previous theoretical attempt. First, the theory is based upon the second Sonine approximation to the transport coefficients of the mass flux of intruder. Second, the dependence of the temperature ratio (intruder temperature over that of the host granular gas) on the solid volume fraction is taken into account in the first and second Sonine approximations. In order to check the accuracy of the Sonine approximation considered, the Enskog equation is also numerically solved by means of the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method to get the kinetic diffusion coefficient $D_0$. The comparison between theory and simulation shows that the second Sonine approximation to $D_0$ yields an improvement over the first Sonine approximation when the intruder is lighter than the gas particles in the range of large inelasticity. With respect to the form of the phase diagrams for the BNE/RBNE transition, the kinetic theory results for the factor $Λ$ indicate that while the form of these diagrams depends sensitively on the order of the Sonine approximation considered when gravity is absent, no significant differences between both Sonine solutions appear in the opposite limit (gravity dominates the thermal gradient). In the former case (no gravity), the first Sonine approximation overestimates both the RBNE region and the influence of dissipation on thermal diffusion segregation.
description: 9 figures; to be published in Phys. Rev. E
Die Listen Schutzwürdiger Bau-, Kunst-, und Geschichtsdenkmäler in Bayern
Creators: name: Breuer, Tilmann
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 25 Nr. 10 (1972): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Bilder
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 25 Nr. 10 (1972): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Inhalt
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 25 Nr. 9 (1972): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Zuschriften an die Redaktion
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 25 Nr. 9 (1972): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege