cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tajik Basin and Southwestern Tian Shan, Northwestern India-Asia Collision Zone: 3. Preorogenic to Synorogenic Retro-foreland Basin Evolution in the Eastern Tajik Depression and Linkage to the Pamir Hinterland
Creators: name: Dedow, Ralf
name: Franz, Matthias
name: Szulc, Adam
name: Schneider, Jörg W.
name: Brückner, Jan
name: Ratschbacher, Lothar
name: Gagala, Lukasz
name: Ringenbach, Jean-Claude
name: Rajabov, Negmat
name: Gadoev, Mustafo
name: Oimahmadov, Ilhomjon
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: The Tajik basin archives the orogenic evolution of the Pamir hinterland. Stratigraphic-sedimentologic observations from Cretaceous-Pliocene strata along its eastern margin describe the depositional environment and basin-formation stages in reaction to hinterland exhumation and basin inversion. During the Late Cretaceous-Eocene (preorogenic stage: ~100–34 Ma), a shallow-marine to terrestrial basin extended throughout Central Asia. An alluvial plain with influx of conglomerate bodies (Baljuvon Formation) indicates a first pulse of hinterland erosion and foreland-basin formation in the late Oligocene-early Miocene (synorogenic stage Ia: ~34–23 Ma). Further hinterland exhumation deposited massive alluvial conglomerates (Khingou Formation) in the early-middle Miocene (synorogenic stage Ib: ~23–15 Ma). Westward thickening growth strata suggest transformation of the Tajik basin into the Tajik fold-thrust belt in the middle-late Miocene (synorogenic stage IIa: ~15–5 Ma). Increased water supply led to the formation of fluvial mega-fans (Tavildara Formation). Latest Miocene-Pliocene shortening constructed basin morphology that blocked sediment bypass into the central basin from the east (Karanak Formation), triggering drainage-system reorganization from transverse to longitudinal sediment transport (synorogenic stage IIb: < ~5 Ma). Accelerated shortening (~27–20 Ma) and foreland-directed collapse (~23–12 Ma) of Pamir-plateau crust loaded the foreland and induced synorogenic stages Ia and Ib. Coupling of Indian and Asian cratonic lithospheres and onset of northward and westward delamination/rollback of Asian lithosphere (i.e., lithosphere of the Tajik basin) beneath the Pamir at ~12–11 Ma transformed the Tajik basin into the Tajik fold-thrust belt (synorogenic stage IIa). The timing of the sedimentologically derived basin reconfiguration matches the thermochronologically derived onset of Tajik-basin inversion at ~12 Ma.
Confronting electron-positron annihilation into hadrons with QCD: an operator product expansion analysis
Creators: name: Bodenstein, S.
name: Dominguez, C. A.
name: Eidelman, S. I.
name: Spiesberger, H.
name: Schilcher, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental data on the total cross section of $e^+ e^-$ annihilation into hadrons are confronted with QCD and the operator product expansion using finite energy sum rules. Specifically, the power corrections in the operator product expansion, i.e. the vacuum condensates, of dimension $d = 2$, 4 and 6 are determined using recent isospin $I=0+1$ data sets. Reasonably stable results are obtained which are compatible within errors with values from $τ$-decay. However, the rather large data uncertainties, together with the current value of the strong coupling constant, lead to very large errors in the condensates. It also appears that the separation into isovector and isoscalar pieces introduces additional uncertainties and errors. In contrast, the high precision $τ$-decay data of the ALEPH collaboration in the vector channel allows for a more precise determination of the condensates. This is in spite of QCD asymptotics not quite been reached at the end of the $τ$ spectrum. We point out that isospin violation is negligible in the integrated cross sections, unlike the case of individual channels.
description: Results now given for both FOPT and CIPT. A few additional comments have been added
Probabilistic temperature forecasting with a heteroscedastic autoregressive ensemble postprocessing model
Creators: name: Möller, Annette
name: Groß, Jürgen
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Weather prediction today is performed with numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. These are deterministic simulation models describing the dynamics of the atmosphere, and evolving the current conditions forward in time to obtain a prediction for future atmospheric states. To account for uncertainty in NWP models it has become common practice to employ ensembles of NWP forecasts. However, NWP ensembles often exhibit forecast biases and dispersion errors, thus require statistical postprocessing to improve reliability of the ensemble forecasts. This work proposes an extension of a recently developed postprocessing model utilizing autoregressive information present in the forecast error of the raw ensemble members. The original approach is modified to let the variance parameter depend on the ensemble spread, yielding a two-fold heteroscedastic model. Furthermore, an additional high-resolution forecast is included into the postprocessing model, yielding improved predictive performance. Finally, it is outlined how the autoregressive model can be utilized to postprocess ensemble forecasts with higher forecast horizons, without the necessity of making fundamental changes to the original model. We accompany the new methodology by an implementation within the R package ensAR to make our method available for other researchers working in this area. To illustrate the performance of the heteroscedastic extension of the autoregressive model, and its use for higher forecast horizons we present a case-study for a dataset containing 12 years of temperature forecasts and observations over Germany. The case-study indicates that the autoregressive model yields particularly strong improvements for forecast horizons beyond 24 h.
Additional file 1 of Quality of life among the Arab population two years after COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Tahoun, Mohamed Mostafa
name: Ismail, Horeya M.
name: Fiidow, Osman Abubakar
name: Ashmawy, Rasha
name: Hammouda, Esraa Abdellatif
name: Elbarazi, Iffat
name: Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
classificationCode: 59999
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
classificationCode: 110309
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
title: Seasonal variability in plankton community structure, productivity and food web transfer along the salinity gradient of the Baltic Sea
Creators: name: Postel, Lutz
name: Arístegui, Javier
name: Hernández-Leon, Santiago
name: Gómez, May
name: Almeida, Carlos
name: Portillo-Hahnefeld, Agustin
name: Montero, Maria F.
name: Packard, Theodore T.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session A
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The brackish water environment in the semi‐enclosed Baltic Sea causes changes in plankton community structure in close relation to large‐scale circulation patterns. In addition, seasonal changes in nutrients levels and stoichiometric ratios, light and stratification successively modified it. The analysis of comprehensive data sets on environmental properties, micro and meso‐plankton communities, their metabolic activity and productivity basing on classical and enzymatic methods allows verifying the interplay between community structure and food web transfer from Kattegat to the Gulf of Finland in the ninety nineties. Aspects, like the ratio between new and regenerated production, the percentage of primary productivity utilized by heterotrophs of different size, and the stoichiometry in nutrient regeneration by mesozooplankton were investigated.  Regions where new (primary) production was detectable were restricted to areas with river discharge after the spring bloom, but did never exceed some percentages of gross production.  Nitrogen and phosphorous were excreted by mesozooplankton in N/P=6 in May and N/P=10 in August in the same region because of the larger percentage of parthenogenetically reproducing cladocerans in summer. Herbivorous plankton
Accurate calculation of the eigenvalues of a new simple class of superpotentials in SUSY quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Fernández, Francisco M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain accurate eigenvalues for two recently derived SUSY partner Hamiltonians. We improve the Rayleigh-Ritz variational method proposed by the authors and show how to apply the Riccati-Padé method to those particular partner potentials.
Reaching global HIV/AIDS goals: What got us here, won't get us there
Creators: name: El-Sadr, Wafaa Mahmoud
name: Harripersaud, Katherine
name: Rabkin, Miriam
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: AIDS (Disease)
HIV infections—Prevention
Public health
HIV infections--Treatment

description: A decade ago, today’s progress towards confronting the global HIV epidemic would have been unimaginable. A remarkable global mobilization of resources through the United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, combined with the commitment of affected countries and communities, has enabled 19.5 million persons living with HIV (PLHIV) to access life-saving antiretroviral therapy (ART) [1]. This has resulted in decreasing HIV-related morbidity and mortality and contributed to a significant decline in the number of new infections [1].
POLICY BRIEF 1_Implementing Gender Equality Plans (GEPs) in Higher Education and Research in Widening Countries: The case of Agriculture & Life Sciences
Creators: name: AGRIGEP Project
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: GENDER
EQUALITY
RESEARCHERS
UNIVERSITIES
WIDENING COUNTRIES
WOMEN

description: This policy brief reviews and analyses the challenges faced by Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) andResearch Performing Organisations (RPOs) involved in the AGRIGEP project, all located in Central andEastern European Countries (CEECs) designated as “widening countries” in the context of EuropeanUnion’s research policies. Identified challenges might be similar to those experienced by otheruniversities from widening countries during the development and implementation of their first GenderEquality Plan (GEP). Our aim here was to review the main difficulties or hindrances encountered byour institutions, mobilise the literature to understand their background, and share experiences on howto address them. We particularly focus on STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering, andMathematics) in general and, more specifically, on the subsectors of agriculture and related lifesciences that are strongly represented in the AGRIGEP project.Agriculture and life science-focused universities and RPOs in the EU’s widening countries indeed facea double challenge when developing and implementing GEPs. First, the gender gap at the societal levelis still wider in the 15 widening countries compared to the other EU member countries, whichconditions the overall progress that can be achieved within intrinsically gendered organisations1.Second, gender challenges in the agriculture and life sciences sector are partly different from thoseencountered in other fields, including STEM, both regarding the status quo in academia and thesituation in broader agri-food production2. Therefore, GEP implementation requires a strategy thataddresses the double challenge posed by national gender equality (GE) contexts and sectorialspecificities and is able to provide tailored responses to address them.The objectives of this policy brief, drafted after one and a half years of implementation of the AGRIGEPproject3 in three widening countries’ universities, are thus threefold: First, to illustrate the doublechallenge of advancing GE in RPOs located in those domestic contexts and with a specialisation(although not exclusive) on agriculture and life sciences. Second, to highlight the need for context- andarea-specific, tailored solutions to complement the more generic tools and insight brought bycumulative efforts carried out in this realm, notably as part of EU-funded initiatives. Third, to identifykey cultural and organisational hindrances to change. However, tailored responses to these will bepresented in the second Policy brief after implementing the project’s tasks.
Density instabilities in a two-dimensional dipolar Fermi gas
Creators: name: Parish, Meera M.
name: Marchetti, Francesca M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the density instabilities of a two-dimensional gas of dipolar fermions with aligned dipole moments. We show that the Random Phase Approximation (RPA) for the density-density response function is never accurate for the dipolar gas. We incorporate correlations beyond RPA via an improved version of the Singwi-Tosi-Land-Sjolander scheme. In addition to density-wave instabilities, our formalism captures the collapse instability that is expected from Hartree-Fock calculations but is absent from RPA. Crucially, we find that when the dipoles are perpendicular to the layer, the system spontaneously breaks rotational symmetry and forms a stripe phase, in defiance of conventional wisdom.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Published version
title: Rentenansprüche von Frauen bleiben mit steigender Kinderzahl deutlich hinter denen von Männern zurück
Creators: name: Haan, Peter
name: Kreyenfeld, Michaela
name: Schmauk, Sarah
name: Mika, Tatjana
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: I14 Health and Inequality
subject: J38 Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Public Policy
subject: Pensions
subject: old-age security
subject: female employment
subject: maternal employment

description: Der Gender Pension Gap, der den Unterschied bei den Rentenansprüchen zwischen Männern und Frauen misst, liegt laut Daten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung im Alter von 60 Jahren bei 32 Prozent. Darüber hinaus zeigt sich auch ein deutlicher Unterschied bei den gesetzlichen Rentenansprüchen zwischen Müttern und kinderlosen Frauen (Motherhood Pension Gap). Diesem Gap wirken die im Jahr 1986 eingeführten und seither mehrfach modifizierten Kindererziehungszeiten entgegen. Die Anrechnung von Kindererziehungszeiten reduziert die Unterschiede der Rentenanwartschaften zwischen kinderlosen Frauen und Müttern zwar deutlich, allerdings nur für die Jahre nach der Geburt. Für die Geburtsjahrgänge 1952 bis 1959 liegt der Motherhood Pension Gap im Alter von 60 Jahren in Westdeutschland bei 26 Prozent: Kindererziehungszeiten können den Rentennachteil von Müttern nicht ausgleichen. Weitere sozial- und steuerpolitische Maßnahmen, die eine gleichberechtigte Aufteilung von Sorge- und Erwerbsarbeit fördern, sind notwendig. Neben dem Ausbau der Kinderbetreuung sind Reformen des Ehegattensplittings und der Minijobs sowie ein Umbau der Arbeitswelt erforderlich, der die Bedürfnisse von Sorgetragenden stärker berücksichtigt.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 92 (2025), 12, S. 183-189
Intrinsic optical dichroism in the chiral superconducting state of Sr$_{2}$RuO$_{4}$
Creators: name: Wysokinski, Karol I.
name: Annet, James F.
name: Gyorffy, Balazs L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the Hall conductivity $σ_{xy}(ω, T)$ in time reversal symmetry breaking states of exotic superconductors. We find that the dichroic signal is non-zero in systems with inter-band order parameters. This new intrinsic mechanism may explain the Kerr effect observed in strontium ruthenate and possibly other superconductors. We predict coherence factor effects in the temperature dependence of the imaginary part of the ac Hall conductivity $ Imσ_{xy}(ω, T)$, which can be tested experimentally.
description: 4+ pages, 4 figures, published version
title: Sondervermögen für Infrastruktur wäre Gamechanger für deutsche Wirtschaft: Interview
Creators: name: Dany-Knedlik, Geraldine
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2025

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 92 (2025), 11, S. 173
A Rate Model of Electron Populations for Non-linear High-Fluence X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectra
Creators: name: Engel, Robin
name: Scholz, Markus
name: Schunck, Jan O.
name: Beye, Martin
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2022

description: Absorbing a focused, femtosecond X-ray pulse from a Free-Electron Laser (FEL) can lead to extreme electronic excitations in solids. This excitation drives changes of the electronic system over the course of the pulse duration and the overall absorption of the pulse becomes fluence-dependent. Thus, fluence-dependent non-linear X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) is sensitive to the valence excitation dynamics around the Fermi level on the few-femtosecond timescale. Here we present a simplified rate model based on well-established physical mechanisms to describe the evolution of the electronic system. We construct temporal and spatial differentials for the processes of resonant absorption, stimulated emission, non-resonant absorption, Auger decay, valence band thermalization and scattering cascades of free electrons. The phenomenological rate model approach provides a direct understanding how each physical process contributes to the fluence-dependent changes observed in XANES measurements. Without accounting for fluence-dependent changes to the density of states, the model shows good agreement with experimental results on metallic nickel over more than three orders of magnitude in fluence, establishing electron redistribution as the main driver of non-linear absorption changes at high fluences. Although in the closest vicinity of the resonance, more complex approaches are necessary to describe remaining discrepancies of the fluence-dependence changes, the demonstrated capability to describe spectral changes up to extreme fluences yields fundamental insights into the complex dynamics after intense core excitation and provides an important tool for the design and evaluation of future FEL experiments, in particular for the development of non-linear X-ray spectroscopy.
[CAD] TJOE_Teia_2021_Circular_Group_Calculator_FINAL_Model.FCStd
Creators: name: Teia, Luis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 91001 CAD/CAM Systems
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: Computer Engineering

description: The following file is the final 3D model (in FreeCAD Version 0.18) of a novel calculator design published in The Journal of Open Engineering / Luis Teia 2021 -->> https://www.tjoe.org/pub/ur4nm2o5/release/3
A promotional video providing an insight into this new calculator technology is available here -->> https://figshare.com/articles/media/_VIDEO_New_Circular_Group_Calculator_-_Promotion_TJOE_Luis_Teia_2021_/14766411
Enjoy!
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT
Next generation calculators need to be efficient in all its design aspects. Current advanced computation calculators lack an efficient human-machine interface, with its unchanged traditional design traced back to the early 1960’s electro-mechanical commercialized solutions. The present article highlights how the perceived safety of “designing by tradition” can actually prevent evolution, and proposes - in a logical and argumentative way - a new layout based on the circular group approach, which derives from various already successful and working systems operating in society. Numerical comparison of the time spent in computing between the classical matrix calculator layout and the new circular group approach have shown that substantial time-saving can be achieved, in addition to the calculation acceleration effect imparted by aligning the highly organized calculator design with the intuitive nature of the mind of the user. Ultimately, the importance of such an advancement is appreciated when considering the compounding time-saving effect on the millions of users that will spend hours operating calculators in the years to come.
Band gap in graphene induced by vacuum fluctuations
Creators: name: Kibis, O. V.
name: Kyriienko, O.
name: Shelykh, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electrons in undoped graphene behave as massless Dirac fermions. Therefore graphene can serve as an unique condensed-matter laboratory for the study of various relativistic effects, including quantum electrodynamics (QED) phenomena. Although theoretical models describing electronic properties of graphene have been elaborated in details, the QED effects were usually neglected. In this paper we demonstrate theoretically that QED can drastically modify electronic properties of graphene. We predict the following QED effect - the opening of the band gap in a graphene monolayer placed inside a planar microcavity filled with an optically active media. We show that this phenomenon occurs due to the vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field and is similar to such a well-known phenomenon as a vacuum-induced splitting of atomic levels (the Lamb shift). We estimate the characteristic value of the band gap and find that it can sufficiently exceed the value of the Lamb shift.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; published version
title: The dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium (Halim) in Scottish waters: A combined approach to assess diversity and toxin production
Creators: name: Bresnan, E.
name: Turrell, E.
name: Collins, C.
name: Amorim, A-L
name: Lacaze, J-P
name: Brown, L.
name: Graham, J.
name: Koryzinska, A.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session A
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium (Halim) is of particular interest in Scottish waters. Selected species can produce potent paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins that can result in severe human illness if contaminated shellfish are consumed and can result in economic losses to the shellfish industry when shellfish harvesting areas are closed. Considerable interannual variation has been observed in both the concentration of PSP toxins detected in Scottish shellfish and Alexandrium cell densities in the water column. An in-depth study, combining molecular, microscopic, chemical and biochemical analyses was performed to better understand the dynamics of this genus in Scottish waters. Cell culture combined with microscopic and molecular identification revealed the presence of four Alexandrium species: A. tamutum, A. minutum, A. ostenfeldii and A. tamarense and two different ribotypes of A. tamarense (Group I) and (Group III). Chemical analyses revealed A. tamarense (Group I) and A. ostenfeldii to produce PSP toxins, while A. ostenfeldii formed spirolide toxins. Laboratory culture experiments showed toxin production to increase with light intensity when grown at 15o C. This combined approach into the investigation of Alexandrium has considerably furthered our understanding of their diversity and toxicity in Scottish waters.
Ice dance reacts to the 2002 Olympic judging scandal : a study of skaters' movement practices under the new ISU judging system
Creators: name: Van Veen, Stephanie Anne Delouw
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: After an international judging scandal at the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics, International Skating Union (ISU) officials introduced an entirely new system for judging figure skating performances. With the goal of increasing the objectivity and transparency in the judging process substantive changes occurred in the performance requirements and evaluation criteria for all skaters. Focusing on the ice dance discipline, the purpose of this research was to analyze ice dancers’ movement practices and the ways in which they have been influenced by the new judging system. Additional analysis also considered the role of gender in ice dancers’ potentially changed practices. With these goals in mind, I draw upon Massus’s (1973) notion around ‘techniques of the body’ and Bourdieu’s (1992) concept of ‘habitus’, which suggest that by looking at the movement practices of ice dancers we can see how they are influenced by the social relations in which they are embedded, including historical and cultural traditions, and by authoritative groups such as the ISU. Considering the role of gender in ice dancers’ movement practices, I also examine the social construction of masculinity and femininity in skaters’ movements and how these embodied gendered practices are influenced by the new judging system. Furthermore, using Foucauldian theories of power, normalization, rank, and self-regulation I explore how ice dancers are disciplined into performing particular movement practices, performance narratives and skating styles and the ways in which they are reinforced. Data collection included a documentary analysis of the ISU judging system focusing on the technical rules in regard to the ice dance discipline as well as semi-structured interviews with figure skating experts and skaters themselves. Interviews with the skaters also included a video analysis component on one of their competitive performances. The findings revealed the dramatic changes in ice dancers’ movement practices under the new judging system and how these changed practices have contributed to a more athletic discipline where there is now a strong focus on technical requirements. Additionally, the findings highlighted the conservative and stereotypical displays of gender in skaters’ movement practices and performance narratives, which continue to prevail under the new judging system.
Individual versus superensemble forecasts of seasonal influenza outbreaks in the United States
Creators: name: Yamana, Teresa K.
name: Kandula, Sasikiran
name: Shaman, Jeffrey L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Influenza
Forecasting
Environmental health
Epidemiology

description: Recent research has produced a number of methods for forecasting seasonal influenza outbreaks. However, differences among the predicted outcomes of competing forecast methods can limit their use in decision-making. Here, we present a method for reconciling these differences using Bayesian model averaging. We generated retrospective forecasts of peak timing, peak incidence, and total incidence for seasonal influenza outbreaks in 48 states and 95 cities using 21 distinct forecast methods, and combined these individual forecasts to create weighted-average superensemble forecasts. We compared the relative performance of these individual and superensemble forecast methods by geographic location, timing of forecast, and influenza season. We find that, overall, the superensemble forecasts are more accurate than any individual forecast method and less prone to producing a poor forecast. Furthermore, we find that these advantages increase when the superensemble weights are stratified according to the characteristics of the forecast or geographic location. These findings indicate that different competing influenza prediction systems can be combined into a single more accurate forecast product for operational delivery in real time.
Modules over relative monads for syntax and semantics
Creators: name: Ahrens, Benedikt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We give an algebraic characterization of the syntax and semantics of a class of languages with variable binding. We introduce a notion of 2-signature: such a signature specifies not only the terms of a language, but also reduction rules on those terms. To any 2-signature $S$ we associate a category of "models" of $S$. This category has an initial object, which integrates the terms freely generated by $S$, and which is equipped with reductions according to the inequations given in $S$. We call this initial object the language generated by $S$. Models of a 2--signature are built from relative monads and modules over such monads. Through the use of monads, the models---and in particular, the initial model---come equipped with a substitution operation that is compatible with reduction in a suitable sense. The initiality theorem is formalized in the proof assistant Coq, yielding a machinery which, when fed with a 2-signature, provides the associated programming language with reduction relation and certified substitution.
description: v2: - Abstract and Introduction completely rewritten - Addition of examples and remarks in Secs. 1 and 2 - Sec 3 now describes the implementation in proof assistant Coq of the main theorem v3: - final version for publication in MSCS
Arrive guidelines essentials checklist from Exposure to food insecurity increases energy storage and reduces somatic maintenance in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)
Creators: name: Andrews, Clare
name: Zuidersma, Erica
name: Verhulst, Simon
name: Nettle, Daniel
name: Bateson, Melissa
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Birds exposed to food insecurity—defined as temporally variable access to food—respond adaptively by storing more energy. To do this, they may reduce energy allocation to other functions such as somatic maintenance and repair. To investigate this trade-off, we exposed juvenile European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris, n = 69) to 19 weeks of either uninterrupted food availability or a regime where food was unpredictably unavailable for a 5-h period on 5 days each week. Our measures of energy storage were mass and fat scores. Our measures of somatic maintenance were the growth rate of a plucked feather, and erythrocyte telomere length (TL), measured by analysis of the terminal restriction fragment. The insecure birds were heavier than the controls, by an amount that varied over time. They also had higher fat scores. We found no evidence that they consumed more food overall, though our food consumption data were incomplete. Plucked feathers regrew more slowly in the insecure birds. TL was reduced in the insecure birds, specifically, in the longer percentiles of the within-individual TL distribution. We conclude that increased energy storage in response to food insecurity is achieved at the expense of investment in somatic maintenance and repair.
Quantum Dynamics for de Sitter Radiation
Creators: name: Kim, Sang Pyo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the Hamiltonian formalism for a massive scalar field and study the particle production in a de Sitter space. In the invariant-operator picture the time-dependent annihilation and creation operators are constructed in terms of a complex solution to the classical equation of motion for the field and the Gaussian wave function for each Fourier mode is found which is an exact solution to the Schrödinger equation. The in-out formalism is reformulated by the annihilation and creation operators and the Gaussian wave functions. The de Sitter radiation from the in-out formalism differs from the Gibbons-Hawking radiation in the planar coordinates, and we discuss the discrepancy of the particle production by the two method
description: LaTex 12 pages, no figure; CosPA2011, Peking Univ., Oct. 28-31, 2011; references added; to be published in International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series
title: DIW-Konjunkturprognose: Politische Richtungswechsel werden Spuren hinterlassen
Creators: name: Dany-Knedlik, Geraldine
name: Baldi, Guido
name: Brehl, Nina Maria
name: Engerer, Hella
name: Hackmann, Angelina
name: Hüttl, Pia
name: Kholodilin, Konstantin A.
name: Kurcz, Frederik
name: Pagenhardt, Laura
name: Scherer, Jan-Christopher
name: Schildmann, Teresa
name: Seidl, Hannah Magdalena
name: Staffa, Ruben
name: Trautmann, Kristin
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: E32 Business Fluctuations; Cycles
subject: E66 General Outlook and Conditions
subject: F01 Global Outlook
subject: Business cycle forecast
subject: economic outlook

description: Die deutsche Wirtschaft steckt in der Stagnation fest. Nach zwei Jahren mit einem jeweils leichten Rückgang des Bruttoinlandsprodukts wird es unter dem Strich auch in diesem Jahr kein Wachstum geben. Schwache Exporte, zunehmende Arbeitsplatzsorgen, ein auch deshalb weiterhin verhaltener privater Konsum und wirtschaftspolitische Unsicherheit bremsen die Konjunktur. Die Industrie belasten strukturelle Anpassungsprozesse und die handelspolitischen Eskapaden des US-Präsidenten. Erst ab dem Sommer ist mit einer Erholung zu rechnen, allerdings nur in Trippelschritten. Die wirtschaftspolitischen Rahmenbedingungen werden nach der anstehenden Regierungsbildung klarer sein, der Arbeitsmarkt wird sich stabilisieren und der private Verbrauch etwas anziehen. Weitere Zinssenkungen der Europäischen Zentralbank dürften die Investitionen stützen. Und hinzu kommt wahrscheinlich noch das Sondervermögen für die Infrastruktur, auf das sich CDU/CSU und SPD geeinigt haben. Selbst ohne dieses dürfte die deutsche Wirtschaft 2026 um 1,1 Prozent wachsen, mit dem Sondervermögen sogar um gut zwei Prozent. Die Weltwirtschaft hält bislang weitgehend ihren Kurs. Zwar wird die derzeitige US-Handelspolitik deutliche Spuren hinterlassen. Dennoch dürfte die Weltwirtschaftsleistung mit 3,5 Prozent in diesem und 3,6 Prozent im nächsten Jahr kaum weniger wachsen als im vergangenen Jahr.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 92 (2025), 11, S. 153-172
Electrical stimulus artifact cancellation and neural spike detection on large multi-electrode arrays
Creators: name: Mena, Gonzalo Esteban
name: Grosberg, Lauren
name: Madugula, Sasidhar
name: Hottowy, Paweł
name: Litke, Alan
name: Cunningham, John Patrick
name: Chichilnisky, E. J.
name: Paninski, Liam
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computational biology
subject: Neural stimulation
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Simultaneous electrical stimulation and recording using multi-electrode arrays can provide a valuable technique for studying circuit connectivity and engineering neural interfaces. However, interpreting these measurements is challenging because the spike sorting process (identifying and segregating action potentials arising from different neurons) is greatly complicated by electrical stimulation artifacts across the array, which can exhibit complex and nonlinear waveforms, and overlap temporarily with evoked spikes. Here we develop a scalable algorithm based on a structured Gaussian Process model to estimate the artifact and identify evoked spikes. The effectiveness of our methods is demonstrated in both real and simulated 512-electrode recordings in the peripheral primate retina with single-electrode and several types of multi-electrode stimulation. We establish small error rates in the identification of evoked spikes, with a computational complexity that is compatible with real-time data analysis. This technology may be helpful in the design of future high-resolution sensory prostheses based on tailored stimulation (e.g., retinal prostheses), and for closed-loop neural stimulation at a much larger scale than currently possible.
The use of ambient humidity conditions to improve influenza forecast
Creators: name: Shaman, Jeffrey L.
name: Kandula, Sasikiran
name: Yang, Wan
name: Karspeck, Alicia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Forecasting
Influenza
Humidity
Environmental health

description: Laboratory and epidemiological evidence indicate that ambient humidity modulates the survival and transmission of influenza. Here we explore whether the inclusion of humidity forcing in mathematical models describing influenza transmission improves the accuracy of forecasts generated with those models. We generate retrospective forecasts for 95 cities over 10 seasons in the United States and assess both forecast accuracy and error. Overall, we find that humidity forcing improves forecast performance (at 1–4 lead weeks, 3.8% more peak week and 4.4% more peak intensity forecasts are accurate than with no forcing) and that forecasts generated using daily climatological humidity forcing generally outperform forecasts that utilize daily observed humidity forcing (4.4% and 2.6% respectively). These findings hold for predictions of outbreak peak intensity, peak timing, and incidence over 2- and 4-week horizons. The results indicate that use of climatological humidity forcing is warranted for current operational influenza forecast.
Additional file 1 of The utilisation of legal instruments by United Nations actors to restrict the exposure of children to unhealthy food and beverage marketing: a qualitative content analysis of UN instruments
Creators: name: Sing, Fiona
name: Mackay, Sally
name: Cinà, Margherita
name: Swinburn, Boyd
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Supplementary Material 1
A new interaction potential for swarming models
Creators: name: Carrillo, J. A.
name: Martin, S.
name: Panferov, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 92D50, 82C22, 92C15, 65K05

description: We consider a self-propelled particle system which has been used to describe certain types of collective motion of animals, such as fish schools and bird flocks. Interactions between particles are specified by means of a pairwise potential, repulsive at short ranges and attractive at longer ranges. The exponentially decaying Morse potential is a typical choice, and is known to reproduce certain types of collective motion observed in nature, particularly aligned flocks and rotating mills. We introduce a class of interaction potentials, that we call Quasi-Morse, for which flock and rotating mills states are also observed numerically, however in that case the corresponding macroscopic equations allow for explicit solutions in terms of special functions, with coefficients that can be obtained numerically without solving the particle evolution. We compare thus obtained solutions with long-time dynamics of the particle systems and find a close agreement for several types of flock and mill solutions.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures
title: Kompetenzunterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen erklären kaum den Gender Pay Gap
Creators: name: Jessen, Jonas
name: Kinne, Lavinia
name: Witthöft, Frauke
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: I24 Education and Inequality
subject: J16 Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
subject: J24 Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
subject: cognitive skills
subject: gender inequality
subject: PIAAC

description: Der Gender Pay Gap ist gut dokumentiert und steht oft im Zusammenhang mit Unterschieden in Arbeitszeit und Berufswahl. Jedoch hat bereits die Wahl von Schulfächern, Ausbildungsberufen oder Studiengängen große Auswirkungen auf die Entwicklung von berufsrelevanten Kompetenzen. In diesem Bericht werden mithilfe von Daten des Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in Lese- und Rechenkompetenzen und deren Zusammenhang mit Stundenlöhnen untersucht. In Deutschland, wie in den meisten anderen europäischen Ländern, weisen Frauen im Durchschnitt mittlerweile eine höhere Lesekompetenz als Männer auf. Männer schneiden hingegen nach wie vor besser bei Rechenkompetenzen ab – und das über alle Altersgruppen hinweg. Höhere Grundkompetenzen in Lesen und Rechnen gehen jeweils mit höheren Stundenlöhnen einher. In einer Analyse des Gender Pay Gaps zeigt sich jedoch, dass die dokumentierten Lohnunterschiede nur in einem sehr geringen Maß durch unterschiedliche Kompetenzen zu erklären sind. Da Unterschiede bereits früh auftreten und diese auch die Ausbildungs-, Studienfach- und Berufswahl beeinflussen, sollten Jungen und Mädchen schon in der Schule gleichermaßen gefördert werden. So könnte etwa eine stereotype Berufswahl durch eine verstärkte Förderung von Mädchen in MINT-Fächern und Jungen in sprachlichen Fächern aufgebrochen werden.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 92 (2025), 10, S. 139-146
Electron Dynamics at High-Energy Densities in Nickel from Non-linear Resonant X-ray Absorption Spectra
Creators: name: Engel, Robin Y.
name: Alexander, Oliver
name: Atak, Kaan
name: Bovensiepen, Uwe
name: Buck, Jens
name: Carley, Robert
name: Cascella, Michele
name: Chardonnet, Valentin
name: Chiuzbaian, Gheorghe Sorin
name: David, Christian
name: Döring, Florian
name: Eschenlohr, Andrea
name: Gerasimova, Natalia
name: de Groot, Frank
name: Guyader, Loïc Le
name: Humphries, Oliver S.
name: Izquierdo, Manuel
name: Jal, Emmanuelle
name: Kubec, Adam
name: Laarmann, Tim
name: Lambert, Charles-Henri
name: Lüning, Jan
name: Marangos, Jonathan P.
name: Mercadier, Laurent
name: Mercurio, Giuseppe
name: Miedema, Piter S.
name: Ollefs, Katharina
name: Pfau, Bastian
name: Rösner, Benedikt
name: Rossnagel, Kai
name: Rothenbach, Nico
name: Scherz, Andreas
name: Schlappa, Justine
name: Scholz, Markus
name: Schunck, Jan O.
name: Setoodehnia, Kiana
name: Stamm, Christian
name: Techert, Simone
name: Vinko, Sam M.
name: Wende, Heiko
name: Yaroslavtsev, Alexander A.
name: Yin, Zhong
name: Beye, Martin
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2023

description: The pulse intensity from X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) can create extreme excitation densities in solids, entering the regime of non-linear X-ray-matter interactions. We show L3-edge absorption spectra of metallic nickel thin films with fluences entering a regime where several X-ray photons are incident per absorption cross-section. Main features of the observed non-linear spectral changes are described with a predictive rate model for electron population dynamics during the pulse, utilizing a fixed density of states and tabulated ground-state properties.
title: Biochemical ecology of small pelagic fishes: the linkage between environment and fisheries
Creators: name: Rosa, Rui
name: Gonzalez, Liliana
name: Broitman, Bernardo
name: Garrido, Susana
name: Santos, A. Miguel P.
name: Nunes, Maria L.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session A
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Coastal upwelling ecosystems provide the bulk of the world’s fishery yields but the biochemical ecology of the species that make up these fisheries has been surprisingly overlooked. Biochemical indicators can provide a mechanistic, ecosystembased link between population and ecosystem dynamics. Here we investigated longterm inter-annual changes in the proximate composition and energetic condition of European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and its relationship with oceanographic conditions in the Western Iberia Upwelling Ecosystem (WIUE). Energy density (ED) ranged between 4.0 and 14.2 kJ g-1 and the seasonal cycle largely determined temporal variability, explaining > 80% of the observed variation. ED variations were also closely linked to water (total R2 = 99.0% in whole body; total R2 = 95.0% in muscle) and lipid dynamics (total R2 = 99.6% in whole body; total R2 = 92.5% in muscle). After adjusting for seasonality (rED), and restricting the temporal analysis to the end of the feeding period (August-October), spring/early summer oceanographic conditions explained 67% of the late summer energetic peak. Interestingly, sardine rED peak on year (t) explained over 54.4% of the variation in catches in year (t+1), indicating that adult energetic condition during spawning is directly translated into the fishery through recruitment strength. Our results support earlier findings indicating that sardine population dynamics seem to be controlled by bottom-up effects. Also, it provides empirical evidence that biochemical assessments during critical periods of the fish life-cycle are an essential approach to understand population dynamics in upwelling ecosystems and develop more solid basis for stock management and conservation.
Harnack inequality for fractional sub-Laplacians in Carnot groups
Creators: name: Ferrari, Fausto
name: Franchi, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we prove an invariant Harnack inequality on Carnot-Carathéodory balls for fractional powers of sub-Laplacians in Carnot groups. The proof relies on an "abstract" formulation of a technique recently introduced by Caffarelli and Silvestre. In addition, we write explicitly the Poisson kernel for a class of degenerate subelliptic equations in product-type Carnot groups.
Developmental Education: An Introduction for Policymakers
Creators: name: Ganga, Elizabeth Claire
name: Mazzariello, Amy N.
name: Edgecombe, Nicole Diane
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Developmental studies programs
Education, Higher

description: Developmental, or remedial, education courses are designed to develop the reading, writing, or math skills of students who are deemed—usually through standardized tests—underprepared for college-level courses. Offering these noncredit courses allows community colleges and less selective four-year colleges to open their doors to students who might otherwise be shut out of higher education. Millions of students—disproportionately students of color, adults, ﬁrst-generation students and those from low-income backgrounds—enroll in developmental education at two- and four-year colleges. They include students who did not receive an adequate academic foundation in high school and those who have been out of school for years and need a math or English refresher. Although colleges have offered developmental education programs for decades, state policymakers have begun to pay more attention to the growing data that show the weaknesses of developmental education and its impact on college completion, workforce development and equity goals.

The goal of developmental education is to improve students’ skills to increase their chances of success in a credit-bearing, college-level program. However, barriers on campus and in federal, state, and institutional policies can slow students’ progress toward a degree, which has long-term implications for students and states. This ECS/CAPR brief discusses the importance of and challenges surrounding developmental education and suggests ways in which policymakers can address these challenges.