cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Albania and Trade Liberalization Using our trade advantages in the Free Trade Agreement with EU
Creators: name: Tabaku, Irma
name: Tabaku, Irma
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Trade Policy
subject: Free Trade Agreement
subject: Competitive Advantage
subject: Trade Performance.

description: According to the World Trade Organization agreements frameworks, individual countries can agree to lower customs tariffs and other trade barriers, in order to open and keep service markets open. In this context, Albania has already concluded free trade agreements with nine countries of the region: Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Yugoslavia, Moldova, Turkey, Kosovo, Romania, Bulgaria (the last two are EU members now) and by January 2009 the ratification process from the European members’ countries finished. What this means is free exchange of goods and services between these countries by better exploiting their competitive advantages. To better exploit the advantages from free trade at first we need to find out which the Albanian sectors that have competitive advantages are and then compare them with other countries. In order to do this we will use Trade Performance Index (TPI) which measures the competitiveness and diversification level of each sector taken in consideration using the comparison with other countries. Before starting the negotiation process with each EU country we need to know the level of competitiveness and diversification of our sectors. Only in this way we will have an idea in which sector and with which country the trade we bee profitable. Using TPI we can draw up the list of sensitive products to be negotiated, find out the sectors with best initial product or geographic specialization, etc.
GALEX UV Color-Magnitude Relations and Evidence for Recent Star Formation in Early-type Galaxies
Creators: name: Yi, S
name: Yoon, SJ
name: Kaviraj, S
name: Deharveng, JM
name: Rich, RM
name: Salim, S
name: Boselli, A
name: Lee, YW
name: Ree, CH
name: Sohn, YJ
name: Rey, SC
name: Lee, JW
name: Rhee, J
name: Bianchi, L
name: Byun, YI
name: Donas, J
name: Friedman, PG
name: Heckman, TM
name: Jelinsky, P
name: Madore, BF
name: Malina, R
name: Martin, DC
name: Milliard, B
name: Morrissey, P
name: Neff, S
name: Schiminovich, D
name: Siegmund, O
name: Small, T
name: Szalay, AS
name: Jee, MJ
name: Kim, SW
name: Barlow, T
name: Forster, K
name: Welsh, B
name: Wyder, TK
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used the GALEX UV photometric data to construct a first near-ultraviolet (NUV) color-magnitude relation (CMR) for the galaxies pre-classified as early-type by SDSS studies. The NUV CMR is a powerful tool for tracking the recent star formation history in early-type galaxies, owing to its high sensitivity to the presence of young stellar populations. Our NUV CMR for UV-weak galaxies shows a well-defined slope and thus will be useful for interpreting the restframe NUV data of distant galaxies and studying their star formation history. Compared to optical CMRs, the NUV CMR shows a substantially larger scatter, which we interpret as evidence of recent star formation activities. Roughly 15% of the recent epoch (z < 0.13) bright (M[r] < -22) early-type galaxies show a sign of recent (< 1Gyr) star formation at the 1-2% level (lower limit) in mass compared to the total stellar mass. This implies that low level residual star formation was common during the last few billion years even in bright early-type galaxies.
description: This paper will be published as part of the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) Astrophysical Journal Letters Special Issue. Links to the full set of papers will be available at http://www.galex.caltech.edu/PUBLICATIONS/ after November 22, 2004
Hadronic fluctuations at the QCD phase transition
Creators: name: Ejiri, S.
name: Karsch, F.
name: Redlich, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the properties of hadronic fluctuations, i.e. fluctuations of net quark and isospin numbers as well as electric charge, in the vicinity of the QCD transition in isospin-symmetric matter at vanishing quark chemical potential. We analyse second- and fourth-order cumulants of these fluctuations and argue that the ratio of quartic and quadratic cumulants reflects the relevant degrees of freedom that carry the quark number, isospin or charge, respectively. In the hadronic phase we find that an enhancement of charge fluctuations arises from contributions of doubly charged hadrons to the thermodynamics. The rapid suppression of fluctuations seen in the high-temperature phase suggests that in the QGP, net quark number and electric charge are predominantly carried by quasi-particles, with the quantum numbers of quarks.
title: Wände weg! Eine Untersuchung der dramaturgischen Funktionen von direkter Ansprache ans Filmpublikum
Creators: name: Torp, Lara
Publisher: name: Filmuniversität Babelsberg Konrad Wolf
Year: 2024

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Brechen der Vierten Wand in Film und Serie in Form von direkten Ansprachen ans Publikum oder Kamerablicken. Das Ziel ist, die verschiedenen dramaturgischen Funktionen und Wirkmechanismen dieses filmischen Mittels zu erörtern. Hierzu erfolgt eine Einteilung in die Bereiche Verfremdung, Verstörung, Komplizenschaft, Subjektivität & Unzuverlässiges Erzählen und Komik. Zu jeder dieser Schlüsselfunktionen werden möglichst verschiedene Film-/ oder Serienbeispiele aus unterschiedlichen Epochen der Filmgeschichte zur Analyse herangezogen. Anschließend werden die beiden aktuellen Beispiele „Enola Holmes“ und „Fleabag“ untersucht, die sich nur unzureichend in eine der genannten Kategorien einteilen lassen. Im Sinne einer zielführenden Untersuchung des Themas werden die Beispiele nicht gesamtdramaturgisch und filmästhetisch, sondern mit starkem Fokus auf den Einsatz des Brechens der Vierten Wand analysiert. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse zusammengetragen, um sich der Frage anzunähern, unter welchem Umständen dieses Mittel besonders starke Wirkung entfalten kann, und schließlich wird ein Ausblick darauf gegeben, welches eventuell noch nicht ausgeschöpfte dramaturgische Potential darin liegen könnte.
Additional file 7 of Influence of wood species on toxicity of log-wood stove combustion aerosols: a parallel animal and air-liquid interface cell exposure study on spruce and pine smoke
Creators: name: Ihantola, Tuukka
name: Bucchianico, Sebastiano Di
name: Happo, Mikko
name: Ihalainen, Mika
name: Uski, Oskari
name: Bauer, Stefanie
name: Kuuspalo, Kari
name: Sippula, Olli
name: Tissari, Jarkko
name: Oeder, Sebastian
name: Hartikainen, Anni
name: Rönkkö, Teemu J.
name: Maria-Viola Martikainen
name: Huttunen, Kati
name: Vartiainen, Petra
name: Suhonen, Heikki
name: Kortelainen, Miika
name: Lamberg, Heikki
name: Leskinen, Ari
name: Sklorz, Martin
name: Michalke, Bernhard
name: Dilger, Marco
name: Weiss, Carsten
name: Dittmar, Gunnar
name: Beckers, Johannes
name: Irmler, Martin
name: Buters, Jeroen
name: Candeias, Joana
name: Hendryk Czech
name: Yli-Pirilä, Pasi
name: Gülcin Abbaszade
name: Jakobi, Gert
name: Orasche, Jürgen
name: Schnelle-Kreis, Jürgen
name: Kanashova, Tamara
name: Karg, Erwin
name: Streibel, Thorsten
name: Passig, Johannes
name: Hakkarainen, Henri
name: Jokiniemi, Jorma
name: Zimmermann, Ralf
name: Maija-Riitta Hirvonen
name: Jalava, Pasi I.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 7 Table S3. Inorganic elements from spruce and pine combustion emissions. Organic compounds were sampled over 4-h exposure. Concentrations are calculated as averages from three test cycles ± standard deviation.
Generalized local interactions in 1D: solutions of quantum many-body systems describing distinguishable particles
Creators: name: Hallnäs, Martin
name: Langmann, Edwin
name: Paufler, Cornelius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As is well-known, there exists a four parameter family of local interactions in 1D. We interpret these parameters as coupling constants of delta-type interactions which include different kinds of momentum dependent terms, and we determine all cases leading to many-body systems of distinguishable particles which are exactly solvable by the coordinate Bethe Ansatz. We find two such families of systems, one with two independent coupling constants deforming the well-known delta interaction model to non-identical particles, and the other with a particular one-parameter combination of the delta- and (so-called) delta-prime interaction. We also find that the model of non-identical particles gives rise to a somewhat unusual solution of the Yang-Baxter relations. For the other model we write down explicit formulas for all eigenfunctions.
description: 23 pages v2: references added
Efficiency analysis of primary wood producers in British Columbia using data envelopment analysis
Creators: name: Salehirad, Neda
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The Canadian wood industry has faced several changes during the last decade. These changes include increasing global competition, changes in macro and micro practices, market restructuring, and technological advancements. One of the most affected sectors by these changes in the business environment is the primary wood manufacturing sector in British Columbia. This study examines the performance of this sector over the period of 1990-2002. The base methodological approach used is Data Envelopment Analysis. The study has two major objectives: first, to evaluate the efficiency of BC primary wood producers in 2002 and in relation to some environmental and managerial factors. Second, to analyze the efficiency trend of BC primary wood producers during the 1990-2002 period and identify the underlying causes. The first part of the study reveals some technical inefficiencies for the BC primary wood sector, but predominantly high scale efficiencies. Technical efficiency may be improved by increasing lumber and chip production, as well as enhancing the labour productivity. BC forest regions were significantly different in terms of efficiency; the northern interior regions showed the highest efficiency, followed by the regions in the southern interior. The coastal forest regions had the lowest efficiency. The second part of the study suggests a productivity decline in 1991 for the sector, followed by a steady state until 1996 when continuous growth began. The major reason for the productivity growth was technological advancement rather than technical efficiency improvement. The analysis of the mills which were shut down in 2002, demonstrated that most of them had been performing below average provincial efficiency levels, either due to lack of technical capabilities or the scale of operations.
CONCENTRATION OF AGRICULTURE AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF EAST-EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Creators: name: Zhemoyda, Oleksandr V.
name: Gerasymenko, Nataliia
name: Zhemoyda, Oleksandr V.
name: Gerasymenko, Nataliia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Regional specialization
subject: Agriculture
subject: Location of agriculture
subject: East-European countries

description: One of the main problems facing all countries at the European agri-food market is achieving agricultural specialization. Such specialization can bring additional advantages with regard to differentiation in the markets. In this paper we seek to identify the sources of competitive advantages of agriculture in Central and East- European countries. The primary purpose of our research is to identify newly emerging patterns of regional specialization within and across these nations, and to examine their effects on agricultural productivity, regional competitive advantages and international trade patterns. We draw on various public data sources to analyze the patterns of geographic concentration. To determine the level of the concentration we use the following group of indicators of regional specialization and geographic concentration: Herfindahl index, the dissimilarity indexes of specialization and concentration, Krugman specialization and dissimilarity indexes, and GINI coefficient of regional specialization. We expect that our results will be conducive to determination of the most efficient production patterns according to regional specifics and specialization.
Pressure control of conducting channels in singlewall nanotube networks
Creators: name: Monteverde, M.
name: Nunez-Regueiro, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure electrical transport on networks of single wall nanotube ropes as a function of temperature T, voltage V and pressure up to 22GPa. We observe Luttinger liquid (LL) behavior, a conductance ~T^alpha and a dynamic conductance ~V^alpha. With pressure conductance increases while alpha decreases, enabling us to test the theoretical prediction for LL on the alpha dependence of the T and V independent coefficient of the tunneling conductance, and to obtain the high frequency cut-off of LL modes. The possible transition to a fermi liquid at alpha -> 0 is unattainable, as nanotubes collapse to an insulating state at high pressures.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Impact of elastic ankle exoskeleton stiffness on neuromechanics and energetics of human walking across multiple speeds
Creators: name: Nuckols, Richard W.
name: Sawicki, Gregory S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figures and Tables. Supplementary Figure 1: Ankle joint mechanics across stiffness and speed. Supplementary Figure 2: Muscle activity across stiffness and speed. Supplementary Figure 3: Knee joint mechanics across stiffness and speed. Supplementary Figure 4: Hip joint mechanics across stiffness and speed. Supplementary Figure 5: Net metabolic rate during exoskeleton training at 1.25 m s-1. Supplementary Table 1: Steady-state net metabolic rate for each subject, condition, and speed. Supplementary Table 2: Summary statistics for exoskeleton stiffness effect at 1.25 m s-1. Supplementary Table 3: Summary statistics for exoskeleton stiffness effect at 1.50 m s-1. Supplementary Table 4: Summary statistics for exoskeleton stiffness effect at 1.75 m s-1.
Monitoring Managers: Does it Matter?
Creators: name: Cornelli, Francesca
name: Kominek, Zbigniew
name: Ljungqvist, Alexander
name: Cornelli, Francesca
name: Kominek, Zbigniew
name: Ljungqvist, Alexander
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Corporate Governance
subject: Large Shareholders
subject: Boards of Directors
subject: CEO Turnover
subject: Legal Reforms
subject: Transition Economies
subject: Private Equity

description: We test under what circumstances boards discipline managers and whether such interventions improve performance. We exploit exogenous variation due to the staggered adoption of corporate governance laws in formerly Communist countries coupled with detailed ‘hard’ information about the board’s performance expectations and ‘soft’ information about board and CEO actions and the board’s beliefs about CEO competence in 473 mostly private-sector companies backed by private equity funds between 1993 and 2008. We find that CEOs are fired when the company underperforms relative to the board’s expectations, suggesting that boards use performance to update their beliefs. CEOs are especially likely to be fired when evidence has mounted that they are incompetent and when board power has increased following corporate governance reforms. In contrast, CEOs are not fired when performance deteriorates due to factors deemed explicitly to be beyond their control, nor are they fired for making ‘honest mistakes.’ Following forced CEO turnover, companies see performance improvements and their investors are considerably more likely to eventually sell them at a profit.
Simulating the same physics with two distinct Hamiltonians
Creators: name: Gietka, Karol
name: Usui, Ayaka
name: Deng, Jianqiao
name: Busch, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a framework and give an example for situations where two distinct Hamiltonians living in the same Hilbert space can be used to simulate the same physics. As an example of an analog simulation, we first discuss how one can simulate an infinite-range-interaction one-axis twisting Hamiltonian using a short-range nearest-neighbor-interaction Heisenberg XXX model with a staggered field. Based on this, we show how one can build an alternative version of a digital quantum simulator. As a by-product, we present a method for creating many-body maximally entangled states using only short-range nearest-neighbor interactions.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Analysis of medium resolution spectra by automated methods - application to M55 and omega Centauri
Creators: name: Willemsen, P. G.
name: Hilker, M.
name: Kayser, A.
name: Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have employed feedforward neural networks trained on synthetic spectra in the range 3800 to 5600 AA with resolutions of 2-3 AA to determine metallicities from spectra of about 1000 main-sequence turn-off, subgiant and red giant stars in the globular clusters M55 and omega Cen. The overall metallicity accuracies are of the order of 0.15 to 0.2 dex. In addition, we tested how well the stellar parameters logg and Teff can be retrieved from such data without additional colour or photometric information. We find overall uncertainties of 0.3 to 0.4 dex for logg and 140 to 190 K for Teff. In order to obtain some measure of uncertainty for the determined values of [Fe/H], logg and Teff, we applied the bootstrap method for the first time to neural networks for this kind of parametrization problem. The distribution of metallicities for stars in omega Cen clearly shows a large spread in agreement with the well known multiple stellar populations in this cluster.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Boundary qKZ equation and generalized Razumov-Stroganov sum rules for open IRF models
Creators: name: Di Francesco, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We find higher rank generalizations of the Razumov--Stroganov sum rules at $q=-e^{iπ\over k+1}$ for $A_{k-1}$ models with open boundaries, by constructing polynomial solutions of level one boundary quantum Knizhnik--Zamolodchikov equations for $U_q(\frak{sl}(k))$. The result takes the form of a character of the symplectic group, that leads to a generalization of the number of vertically symmetric alternating sign matrices. We also investigate the other combinatorial point $q=-1$, presumably related to the geometry of nilpotent matrix varieties.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, uses epsf and lanlmac conclusion slightly modified
A gauge-invariant object in non-Abelian gauge theory
Creators: name: Chernodub, M. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a nonlocal definition of a gauge-invariant object in terms of the Wilson loop operator in a non--Abelian gauge theory. The trajectory is a closed curve defined by an (untraced) Wilson loop which takes its value in the center of the color group. We show that definition shares basic features with the gauge-dependent 't Hooft construction of Abelian monopoles in Yang-Mills theories. The chromoelectric components of the gluon field have a hedgehog-like behavior in the vicinity of the object. This feature is dual to the structure of the 't Hooft-Polyakov monopoles which possesses a hedgehog in the magnetic sector. A relation to color confinement and lattice implementation of the proposed construction are discussed.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, RevTeX4; references added, substantial revisions, replaced to match version accepted for publication
R2D2 - a symmetric measurement of reactor neutrinos free of systematical errors
Creators: name: Huber, P.
name: Lindner, M.
name: Schwetz, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a symmetric setup for a reactor neutrino oscillation experiment consisting of two reactors separated by about 1 km, and two symmetrically placed detectors, one close to each reactor. We show that such a configuration allows a determination of $\sin^22θ_{13}$ which is essentially free of systematical errors, if it is possible to separate the contributions of the two reactors in each detector sufficiently. This can be achieved either by considering data when in an alternating way only one reactor is running or by directional sensitivity obtained from the neutron displacement in the detector.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, clarifications added, some numbers in relation with the neutron displacement corrected, version to appear in JHEP
DSA ERI STANDARD. ELECTRONIC DIGITAL SIGNATURE OF GOST R 34.10-94
Creators: name: Sharopova, Muhayyo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In this article, the concepts of electronic digital signature and the main goals of its use are shown. In addition, the science "Cryptography", which is the basis of electronic signature, and the initial encryption algorithms of this science are given, examples of them are shown. An electronic digital signature based on DSA and GOST R 34.10-94 encryption algorithm is described.
A survey on high-value recovery manufacturing in European sawmill industries
Creators: name: Chrestin, Hauke
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Lumber manufacturing technologies in British Columbia's sawmill industry originally developed for high volumes of commodity products to be produced at high speed nowadays turn out to be inflexible and prevent sawmills from producing custom-tailored, high-value lumber products that would give them a competitive edge on today's world markets. In European sawmills, on the other hand, value is often added to lumber not only through drying and planing but also, for instance, by strength grading of structural lumber or the manufacture of products such as gluelam, roof trusses, edge-glued panels, and more. The production strategy of many European mills is customer-oriented and product-driven; cutting-to-order is standard rather than an exception. By means of a qualitative survey, sawmills in Europe were interviewed about their raw material supply, processing technologies, product mix, and marketing techniques. A two-page questionnaire in three languages was mailed to nearly 1,600 companies in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland selected in a modified simple random sampling procedure. Approximately 300 companies replied, about 70% of which returned a completed survey. Almost all of these mills began optimising the extraction of high-value wood products already on their log yards where they sorted logs by diameter, species, and according to the intended purpose. Many mills were specialised for certain lines of products and processing technologies were well tuned to the mix. The majority of the interviewed mills were cutting between 60% and 100% of their production to specific customer orders, and besides standard dimension lumber many of them also produced gluelam, laminated window stock, and other secondary products. Based on the survey, recommendations are made to softwood lumber producers in British Columbia and throughout Canada on how they can change their manufacturing strategies to achieve a value-uplift of their production output and how more jobs per tree felled can be generated.
Time before Time - Classifications of universes in contemporary cosmology, and how to avoid the antinomy of the beginning and eternity of the world
Creators: name: Vaas, Ruediger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Did the universe have a beginning or does it exist forever, i.e. is it eternal at least in relation to the past? This fundamental question was a main topic in ancient philosophy of nature and the Middle Ages. Philosophically it was more or less banished then by Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. But it used to have and still has its revival in modern physical cosmology both in the controversy between the big bang and steady state models some decades ago and in the contemporary attempts to explain the big bang within a quantum cosmological framework. This paper has two main goals: First a conceptual clarification and distinction of different notions of "big bang" and "universe" is suggested, as well as a multiverse taxonomy and a classification of initial and eternal cosmologies. Second, and with the help of this analysis, it is shown how a conceptual and perhaps physical solution of the temporal aspect of Immanuel Kant's "first antinomy of pure reason" is possible, i.e. how our universe in some respect could have both a beginning and an eternal existence. Therefore, paradoxically, there might have been a time before time or a beginning of time in time. - Keywords: cosmology, big bang, big crunch, universe, multiverse, time, general relativity, quantum cosmology, loop quantum cosmology, string cosmology, world models, quantum vacuum, cosmic inflation, anthropic principle, closed timelike loops, Abhay Ashtekar, Hans-Joachim Blome, Martin Bojowald, George F. R. Ellis, Maurizio Gasperini, John Richard Gott III, Alan Guth, Jim Hartle, Stephen Hawking, Mark Israelit, Claus Kiefer, Li-Xin Li, Andrei Linde, Wolfgang Priester, Eckhard Rebhan, Paul Steinhardt, Neil Turok, Gabriele Veneziano, Alexander Vilenkin, H. Dieter Zeh.
description: 25 pages. - This is an extended and updated version of: Vaas, R. 2003: Time before Time: How to Avoid the Antinomy of the Beginning and Eternity of the World. In: Loeffler, W., Weingartner, P. (eds.): Knowledge and Belief. Kirchberg am Wechsel, pp. 351-353
A New Method to Extract Information of Near-Threshold Resonances: Uniformized Pole-Sum Representation of Green's Function and T-matrix
Creators: name: Yamada, Wren
name: Morimatsu, Osamu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new, simple model-independent method to extract information of near-threshold resonances, such as complex energies and residues. The method is based on the observation that the Green's function and the T-matrix can be represented as the sum of all poles, both bound and resonant poles, in the complex plane of a variable in which the Green's function and the T-matrix are single-valued functions. The symmetries of poles, which arise from the unitarity of the S-matrix, naturally impose the sum to obey the proper threshold behaviors. The imaginary part of Green's function and the T-matrix are directly related to observables such as scattering cross sections or invariant or missing mass distributions of hadron resonances. Thus we can determine their pole positions and residues by fitting their imaginary part to observables. We also test the new method by regarding the imaginary part of the $T$-matrix calculated exactly in a model theory as virtual experimental data. As a model theory, we take double-channel meson-baryon scatterings in the chiral unitary model with channels, $\overline{K}N (I=0)$, and $πΣ(I=0)$. By fitting the imaginary part of the $T$-matrix calculated in the model theory by that of the uniformized pole-sum, we obtain the pole positions and residues. Comparing the obtained results with those of the exact calculation in the model theory, we conclude that our new method works very well.
On the Whitham hierarchy: dressing scheme, string equations and additional symmetrie
Creators: name: Manas, Manuel
name: Medina, Elena
name: Alonso, Luis Martinez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new description of the universal Whitham hierarchy in terms of a factorization problem in the Lie group of canonical transformations is provided. This scheme allows us to give a natural description of dressing transformations, string equations and additional symmetries for the Whitham hierarchy. We show how to dress any given solution and prove that any solution of the hierarchy may be undressed, and therefore comes from a factorization of a canonical transformation. A particulary important function, related to the $τ$-function, appears as a potential of the hierarchy. We introduce a class of string equations which extends and contains previous classes of string equations considered by Krichever and by Takasaki and Takebe. The scheme is also applied for an convenient derivation of additional symmetries. Moreover, new functional symmetries of the Zakharov extension of the Benney gas equations are given and the action of additional symmetries over the potential in terms of linear PDEs is characterized.
Bonnierilla Canu 1891
Creators: name: Kim, Il-Hoi
name: Boxshall, Geoff A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Copepoda
Cyclopoida
Notodelphyidae
Bonnierilla

description: Genus Bonnierilla Canu, 1891
Diagnosis: Body form generally swollen, compressed. Prosome consistingof cephalosome and unsegmented metasome (comprising fused first to fourth pedigerous somites) forming brood pouch: fifth pedigeroussomite fused with metasome. Freeurosome 5-segmented, consistingof genitalsomiteand 4-segmented abdomen. Caudal ramus typically with 6 setae, sometimes with 1 clawand 5 setae.Antennulemost commonly 8-segmented, ranging from 6- to 9-segmented. Antenna 4-segmented; basis typically with setal vestige(s) representing exopod; compound distal endopodal segment usually elongate. Mandible with 5 setaeon exopod; endopod 2-segmented usually with 4 setaeon first segment and 9 setaeon second. Maxillule with 9 or 10 setae on arthrite, 1 on coxal endite, 2 on epipodite, 3 on basis, and usually 4 (rarely 3) on exopod and endopod. Maxilla 5-segmented; first endite of syncoxawith 3 (rarely 4) setae; endopod 3-segmentedwith 1, 1, and 3 setae on first to third segments, respectively. Maxilliped 2-segmented, armedwith 10 medial setae on first segment and 2 setae on second. Legs 1–4 with 3-segmented rami. Innercoxalsetaabsentinlegs 1 and 2. Leg 1 with 5 or 6 setae on third endopodal segment. Leg 5 consisting of protopod bearing outer seta and free exopodal segment bearing 1 or 2 setae.
Type species: Bonnierilla longipes (Kerschner, 1879) by original monotypy.
Remarks. The genus Bonnierilla was established by Canu (1891) to accommodate Paryphes longipes Kerschner, 1879, since Kerschner’s Paryphes was preoccupied by Paryphes Burmeister, 1835 (Hemiptera). It currently comprises 12 valid species, two of which are removed here and transferred to a new genus. Four of the remaining ten species are redescribed here based on the study of new material and an additional nine new species are described.
description: Published as part of Kim, Il-Hoi & Boxshall, Geoff A., 2020, Untold diversity: the astonishing species richness of the Notodelphyidae (Copepoda: Cyclopoida), a family of symbiotic copepods associated with ascidians (Tunicata), pp. 1-6 in Megataxa 4 (1) on page 239, DOI: 10.11646/megataxa.4.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4591138
A modulated mirror for atomic interferometry
Creators: name: Henkel, C.
name: Steane, A. M.
name: Kaiser, R.
name: Dalibard, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel atomic beam splitter, using reflection of atoms off an evanescent light wave, is investigated theoretically. The intensity or frequency of the light is modulated in order to create sidebands on the reflected de Broglie wave. The weights and phases of the various sidebands are calculated using three different approaches: the Born approximation, a semiclassical path integral approach, and a numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. We show how this modulated mirror could be used to build practical atomic interferometers.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures, re-typed electronic copy of print version. jphysfr.sty file included
First- and second-order superfluid--Mott-insulator phase transitions of spin-1 bosons with coupled ground states in optical lattices
Creators: name: Krutitsky, K. V.
name: Timmer, M.
name: Graham, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the superfluid--Mott-insulator quantum phase transition of spin-1 bosons in an optical lattice created by pairs of counterpropagating linearly polarized laser beams, driving an $F_g=1$ to $F_e=1$ internal atomic transition. The whole parameter space of the resulting two-component Bose-Hubbard model is studied. We find that the phase transition is not always second order as in the case of spinless bosons, but can be first order in certain regions of the parameter space. The calculations are done in the mean-field approximation by means of exact numerical diagonalization as well as within the framework of perturbaton theory.
Additional file 6 of Influence of wood species on toxicity of log-wood stove combustion aerosols: a parallel animal and air-liquid interface cell exposure study on spruce and pine smoke
Creators: name: Ihantola, Tuukka
name: Bucchianico, Sebastiano Di
name: Happo, Mikko
name: Ihalainen, Mika
name: Uski, Oskari
name: Bauer, Stefanie
name: Kuuspalo, Kari
name: Sippula, Olli
name: Tissari, Jarkko
name: Oeder, Sebastian
name: Hartikainen, Anni
name: Rönkkö, Teemu J.
name: Maria-Viola Martikainen
name: Huttunen, Kati
name: Vartiainen, Petra
name: Suhonen, Heikki
name: Kortelainen, Miika
name: Lamberg, Heikki
name: Leskinen, Ari
name: Sklorz, Martin
name: Michalke, Bernhard
name: Dilger, Marco
name: Weiss, Carsten
name: Dittmar, Gunnar
name: Beckers, Johannes
name: Irmler, Martin
name: Buters, Jeroen
name: Candeias, Joana
name: Hendryk Czech
name: Yli-Pirilä, Pasi
name: Gülcin Abbaszade
name: Jakobi, Gert
name: Orasche, Jürgen
name: Schnelle-Kreis, Jürgen
name: Kanashova, Tamara
name: Karg, Erwin
name: Streibel, Thorsten
name: Passig, Johannes
name: Hakkarainen, Henri
name: Jokiniemi, Jorma
name: Zimmermann, Ralf
name: Maija-Riitta Hirvonen
name: Jalava, Pasi I.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 6 Table S2. All measured organic compounds from wood combustion emissions. Organic compounds were sampled over 4-h exposure. Concentrations are calculated as averages from three test cycles ± standard deviation.
Mobile Homes: More but Where, for Whom, Why
Creators: name: Mikesell, James
name: Mikesell, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Consumer/Household Economics

description: Mobile homes have become an important source of housing throughout the United States. From 1950 to 1970, their number increased from 315,000 to 2,073,000. By 1979, 4 million households lived in mobile homes, despite setbacks in construction due to the economic downturn of the early seventies. Though the supply of other types of housing has also increased, mobile homes now account for 5 percent of all occupied housing, compared with less than 1 percent in 1950. Mobile home occupancy continues to be more prevalent in rural than in urban areas. Currently, 9 percent of all nonmetro housing is mobile homes, well above the 3 percent in metro areas. But who lives in mobile homes? Where are they located? And, what accounts for their growth in popularity?
Extraction of Next-to-Next-to-Leading-Order PDFs from Lattice QCD Calculations
Creators: name: Li, Zheng-Yang
name: Ma, Yan-Qing
name: Qiu, Jian-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present for the first time complete next-to-next-to-leading-order coefficient functions to match flavor non-singlet quark correlation functions in position space, which are calculable in lattice QCD, to parton distribution functions (PDFs). Using PDFs extracted from experimental data and our calculated matching coefficients, we predict valence-quark correlation functions that can be confronted by lattice QCD calculations. The uncertainty of our predictions is greatly reduced with higher order matching coefficients. By performing Fourier transformation, we also obtain matching coefficients for corresponding quasi-PDFs and pseudo-PDFs. Our method of calculations can be readily generalized to evaluate the matching coefficients for sea-quark and gluon correlation functions, putting the program to extract partonic structure of hadrons from lattice QCD calculations to be comparable with and complementary to that from experimental measurements.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures; analytical matching coefficients for quark correlation functions, quasi-PDFs and pseudo-PDFs added; version to be published in PRL
Dyck paths and pattern-avoiding matchings
Creators: name: Jelinek, Vit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A15 (Primary), 05A18 (Secondary)

description: How many matchings on the vertex set V={1,2,...,2n} avoid a given configuration of three edges? Chen, Deng and Du have shown that the number of matchings that avoid three nesting edges is equal to the number of matchings avoiding three pairwise crossing edges. In this paper, we consider other forbidden configurations of size three. We present a bijection between matchings avoiding three crossing edges and matchings avoiding an edge nested below two crossing edges. This bijection uses non-crossing pairs of Dyck paths of length 2n as an intermediate step. Apart from that, we give a bijection that maps matchings avoiding two nested edges crossed by a third edge onto the matchings avoiding all configurations from an infinite family, which contains the configuration consisting of three crossing edges. We use this bijection to show that for matchings of size n>3, it is easier to avoid three crossing edges than to avoid two nested edges crossed by a third edge. In this updated version of this paper, we add new references to papers that have obtained analogous results in a different context.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, important references added
Additional file 5 of Influence of wood species on toxicity of log-wood stove combustion aerosols: a parallel animal and air-liquid interface cell exposure study on spruce and pine smoke
Creators: name: Ihantola, Tuukka
name: Bucchianico, Sebastiano Di
name: Happo, Mikko
name: Ihalainen, Mika
name: Uski, Oskari
name: Bauer, Stefanie
name: Kuuspalo, Kari
name: Sippula, Olli
name: Tissari, Jarkko
name: Oeder, Sebastian
name: Hartikainen, Anni
name: Rönkkö, Teemu J.
name: Maria-Viola Martikainen
name: Huttunen, Kati
name: Vartiainen, Petra
name: Suhonen, Heikki
name: Kortelainen, Miika
name: Lamberg, Heikki
name: Leskinen, Ari
name: Sklorz, Martin
name: Michalke, Bernhard
name: Dilger, Marco
name: Weiss, Carsten
name: Dittmar, Gunnar
name: Beckers, Johannes
name: Irmler, Martin
name: Buters, Jeroen
name: Candeias, Joana
name: Hendryk Czech
name: Yli-Pirilä, Pasi
name: Gülcin Abbaszade
name: Jakobi, Gert
name: Orasche, Jürgen
name: Schnelle-Kreis, Jürgen
name: Kanashova, Tamara
name: Karg, Erwin
name: Streibel, Thorsten
name: Passig, Johannes
name: Hakkarainen, Henri
name: Jokiniemi, Jorma
name: Zimmermann, Ralf
name: Maija-Riitta Hirvonen
name: Jalava, Pasi I.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 5 Figure S3. Size of the particles measured by SMPS. The geometric mean diameters (a) and mass median diameters (b) are shown with the solid lines, while GSDs are represented with dashed lines. Average of 3 experiments.
Partial local entropy and anisotropy in deep weight spaces
Creators: name: Musso, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We refine a recently-proposed class of local entropic loss functions by restricting the smoothening regularization to only a subset of weights. The new loss functions are referred to as partial local entropies. They can adapt to the weight-space anisotropy, thus outperforming their isotropic counterparts. We support the theoretical analysis with experiments on image classification tasks performed with multi-layer, fully-connected and convolutional neural networks. The present study suggests how to better exploit the anisotropic nature of deep landscapes and provides direct probes of the shape of the minima encountered by stochastic gradient descent algorithms. As a by-product, we observe an asymptotic dynamical regime at late training times where the temperature of all the layers obeys a common cooling behavior.
description: v3: added analysis of convolutional networks
Quantum Zeno approach for molecular energies with maximum commuting initialHamiltonians
Creators: name: Yu, Hongye
name: Wei, Tzu-Chieh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to use a quantum adiabatic and simulated-annealing framework to compute theground state of small molecules. The initial Hamiltonian of our algorithms is taken to be themaximum commuting Hamiltonian that consists of a maximal set of commuting terms in the fullHamiltonian of molecules in the Pauli basis. We consider two variants. In the first method, weperform the adiabatic evolution on the obtained time- or path-dependent Hamiltonian with theinitial state as the ground state of the maximum commuting Hamiltonian. However, this methoddoes suffer from the usual problems of adiabatic quantum computation due to degeneracy andenergy-level crossings along the Hamiltonian path. This problem is mitigated by a Zeno method,i.e., via a series of eigenstate projections used in the quantum simulated annealing, with the path-dependent Hamiltonian augmented by a sum of Pauli X terms, whose contribution vanishes at thebeginning and the end of the path. In addition to the ground state, the low lying excited states canbe obtained using this quantum Zeno approach with equal accuracy to that of the ground state.
description: Title changed; 15 pages, 14 figures
Atomic diffraction by a thin phase grating
Creators: name: Henkel, C.
name: Courtois, J. -Y.
name: Aspect, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a semiclassical perturbation method for the description of atomic diffraction by a weakly modulated potential. It proceeds in a way similar to the treatment of light diffraction by a thin phase grating, and consists in calculating the atomic wavefunction by means of action integrals along the classical trajectories of the atoms in the absence of the modulated part of the potential. The capabilities and the validity condition of the method are illustrated on the well-known case of atomic diffraction by a Gaussian standing wave. We prove that in this situation the perturbation method is equivalent to the Raman-Nath approximation, and we point out that the usually-considered Raman-Nath validity condition can lead to inaccuracies in the evaluation of the phases of the diffraction amplitudes. The method is also applied to the case of an evanescent wave reflection grating, and an analytical expression for the diffraction pattern at any incidence angle is obtained for the first time. Finally, the application of the method to other situations is briefly discussed.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures, electronic copy of print version. jphysfr.sty file included