cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
How to Make Institutional Economics Policy-Relevant: Theoretical Considerations and an Application to Rural Credit Markets in Developing Countries
Creators: name: Petrick, Martin
name: Petrick, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: Welfare economics as the traditional, prescriptive theory framework used in agricultural economics has been criticised by institutional economists as being largely irrelevant to real-world policy issues. We therefore ask how normative statements are possible within an economic theory framework that does recognise the importance of institutional arrangements. Instead of applying established outcome-oriented criteria of social welfare, we examine whether the rules of economic interaction allow the acquisition of gains from cooperation. We suggest to reconstruct any interaction as an existing or repealed social dilemma. This approach helps to identify common rule interests which create room for improvement of all parties involved, and to suggest desirable institutional reforms. An application to credit markets in developing countries demonstrates the insufficiency of welfare economic arguments and the potential insights generated by a social dilemma heuristic. The latter sheds new light on the role of various forms of collateral and informal arrangements to overcome credit rationing.
title: On h-Lexicalized Restarting List Automata
Creators: name: Plátek, Martin
name: Otto, Friedrich
name: Mráz, František
Publisher: name: Institut für Informatik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
Year: 2020

description: Following some previous studies on restarting list automata (RLA), we concentrate on a generalized and refined model -- the h-lexicalized restarting list automaton (hLxRLA), which is useful for expressing properties of lexicalized syntax in computational linguistics. We present several subclasses of hLxRLA and provide some variants and extensions of the Chomsky hierarchy -- the h-lexicalized variants of the Chomsky hierarchy. We compare the input languages of RLA, which are the languages traditionally considered in automata theory, to the so-called basic and h-proper languages of hLxRLA, which are used to define h-lexicalized syntactic analysis. The h-lexicalized syntactic analysis allows us to stress several nice syntactic properties of h-lexicalized restarting automata (hRLWW). We present a transformation from monotone RLWW-automata that recognize the context-free languages (CFL) as their input languages to deterministic monotone hRLWW-automata that compute h-lexicalized syntactic analysis for the whole class CFL through their basic and h-proper languages. Through this transformation, we obtain several types of deterministic hRLWW-automata and hLxRLA-automata that cover h-lexicalized syntactic analyses of CFL and that satisfy the Complete Strong Correctness Preserving Property.
description: Journal of Automata, Languages and Combinatorics, Volume 25, Numbers 2-3, 2020, 201-234
Shannon versus Kullback-Leibler Entropies in Nonequilibrium Random Motion
Creators: name: Garbaczewski, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze dynamical properties of the Shannon information entropy of a continuous probability distribution, which is driven by a standard diffusion process. This entropy choice is confronted with another option, employing the conditional Kullback-Leibler entropy. Both entropies discriminate among various probability distributions, either statically or in the time domain. An asymptotic approach towards equilibrium is typically monotonic in terms of the Kullback entropy. The Shannon entropy time rate needs not to be positive and is a sensitive indicator of the power transfer processes (removal/supply) due to an active environment. In the case of Smoluchowski diffusions, the Kullback entropy time rate coincides with the Shannon entropy "production" rate.
description: Subm. to Phys. Lett. A, full version available as quant-ph/0408192
Rationalization and Harmonization of Seed Policies and Regulations in Eastern and Central Africa: Effecting Policy Change through Private Public Partnerships
Creators: name: Minde, Isaac J.
name: Waithaka, Michael M.
name: Minde, Isaac J.
name: Waithaka, Michael M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Seeds
subject: harmonization
subject: public-private partnerships
subject: eastern Africa

description: Cereal grains are important staple foods in Africa but yields are still too low at 1.5 tons per ha for maize while compared with a global average of 4.5 tons per ha. This can be partly attributed to limited development of commercial seed markets, low use of improved seeds, small and highly fragmented seed markets. Many released varieties are not widely disseminated due to closed national markets dominated by a few international companies and parastatals, and restrictive laws, regulations and policies. Transactions costs within and across national boundaries are high because of differing arrangements across countries. Establishment of common regulatory structures is expected to reduce transactions costs and promote increased trade and hence use of improved seeds. This paper describes the process, results, experiences and lessons learned in developing and operationalizing a seed trade harmonization system in eastern and central Africa. It is clear that the public-private partnerships can play a pivotal role in catalyzing, facilitating and supporting the establishment, development and strengthening of national and regional seed trade. By building partnerships and wide participation, the project was able to apply lessons learned from older to newer countries. The technical, political and legislative processes in the policy-change-cycle are equally important and optimal outcomes must be based on trade-offs between technical issues and interests of the stakeholders.
Evolution at small x_bj: The Color Glass Condensate
Creators: name: Weigert, Heribert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When probed at very high energies or small Bjorken x_bj, QCD degrees of freedom manifest themselves as a medium of dense gluon matter called the Color Glass Condensate. Its key property is the presence of a density induced correlation length or inverse saturation scale R_s=1/Q_s. Energy dependence of observables in this regime is calculable through evolution equations, the JIMWLK equations, and characterized by scaling behavior in terms of Q_s. These evolution equations share strong parallels with specific counterparts in jet physics. Experimental relevance ranges from lepton proton and lepton nucleus collisions to heavy ion collisions and cross correlates physics at virtually all modern collider experiments.
description: 97 pages
title: One-Way Topological Automata and the Tantalizing Effects of Their Topological Features
Creators: name: Yamakami, Tomoyuki
Publisher: name: Institut für Informatik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
Year: 2020

description: We cast new light on the existing models of one-way deterministic topological automata by introducing a fresh but general, convenient model, in which, as each input symbol is read, an interior system of an automaton, known as a configuration, continues to evolve in a topological space by applying continuous transition operators one by one. The acceptance and rejection of a given input are determined by observing the interior system after the input is completely processed. Such automata naturally generalize one-way finite automata of various types, including deterministic, probabilistic, quantum, and pushdown automata. We examine the strengths and weaknesses of the power of this new automata model when recognizing formal languages. We investigate tantalizing effects of various topological features of our topological automata by analyzing their behaviors when different kinds of topological spaces and continuous maps, which are used respectively as configuration spaces and transition operators, are provided to the automata. Finally, we present goals and directions of future studies on the topological features of topological automata.
description: Journal of Automata, Languages and Combinatorics, Volume 25, Numbers 2-3, 2020, 235-273
Colorado College State of the Rockies Project: 2019 Conservation in the West Poll
Creators: name: Colorado College State Of The Rockies Project
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Rate of local community growth and development (1); length of time living in state (1); national forests, parks, etc. as factor in respondent living in the West (1); importance of outdoor recreation economy in region's future (1); seriousness of various problems in state (10); wildfires (2); water supplies in the West (1); preferred actions of new Congress in 2019 (2); most important factor in approving new Secretary of the Interior (1); support/oppose Congress restoring Land and Water Conservation Fund (1); changes in environmental rules, standards (4); protecting migrating wildlife (2); preferred energy sources (1); importance of funding various conservation projects (7); support/oppose tax increase to protect water, conserve wildlife habitat (1); considers self outdoor recreation enthusiast, conservationist, hunter, angler (4).
Natural Experiment Evidence on Whether Selection Bias Overstates the Gains from Migration
Creators: name: Gibson, John
name: McKenzie, David
name: Rohorua, Halahingano
name: Stillman, Steven
name: Gibson, John
name: McKenzie, David
name: Rohorua, Halahingano
name: Stillman, Steven
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Migration
subject: Selection
subject: Natural Experiment

description: Migration of workers from developing to developed countries and the resulting remittance flows are important development policies. World Bank calculations show that restrictions on international migration have larger welfare costs than the more widely studied restrictions on international trade. But estimated gains from migration may be affected by selection bias, with differences in outcomes for migrants and non-migrants reflecting unobserved differences in ability, skills, and motivation, rather than the act of moving itself. This poster illustrates this selection bias in commonly used statistical corrections for nonrandom selection. A unique survey conducted by the authors of Tongan migrants in New Zealand, and of non-migrants in Tonga is used. New Zealand allows a quota of Tongans to immigrate each year with a lottery used to choose amongst the excess number of applicants. Experimental estimates of the income gains from migration are obtained by comparing the incomes of migrants who were successful in the lottery to the incomes of the unsuccessful applicants who stayed in Tonga. We also conducted a survey of individuals who did not apply to migrate. Comparing this non-applicant group to the migrants allows us to use non-experimental methods to obtain alternate estimates of the gains from migration. Comparison of the two sets of estimates finds that non-experiment methods overstate the income gains to migration by 11 to 82 percent. Thus, assessments of global gains from increased international migration are likely to be sensitive to the modelling of selectivity bias.
Far-ultraviolet Observations of the North Ecliptic Pole with SPEAR
Creators: name: Korpela, Eric J.
name: Edelstein, Jerry
name: Kregenow, Julia
name: Nishikida, Kaori
name: Min, Kyoung-Wook
name: Lee, Dae-Hee
name: Ryu, Kwangsun
name: Han, Wonyong
name: Nam, Uk-Won
name: Park, Jang-Hyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present SPEAR/FIMS far-ultraviolet observations near the North Ecliptic Pole. This area, at b~30 degrees and with intermediate HI column, seems to be a fairly typical line of sight that is representative of general processes in the diffuse ISM. We detect a surprising number of emission lines of many elements at various ionization states representing gas phases from the warm neutral medium (WNM) to the hot ionized medium (HIM). We also detect fluorescence bands of H2, which may be due to the ubiquitous diffuse H2 previously observed in absorption.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Shocks propagate in a 2D dusty plasma with less attenuation than that due to gas friction alone
Creators: name: Kananovich, Anton
name: Goree, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a dusty plasma, an impulsively generated shock, i.e., blast wave, was observed to decay less than would be expected due to gas friction alone. In the experiment, a single layer of microparticles was levitated in a radio-frequency glow-discharge plasma. In this layer, the microparticles were self-organized as a 2D solid-like strongly coupled plasma, which was perturbed by the piston-like mechanical movement of a wire. To excite a blast wave, the wire's motion was abruptly stopped, so that the input of mechanical energy ceased at a known time. It was seen that, as it propagated across the layer, the blast wave's amplitude persisted with little decay. This result extends similar findings, in previous experiments with 3D microparticle clouds, to the case of 2D clouds. In our cloud, out-of-plane displacements were observed, lending support to the possibility that an instability, driven by wakes in the ion flow, provides energy that sustains the blast wave's amplitude, despite the presence of gas damping.
description: The following article has been submitted to Physics of Plasmas. After it is published, it will be found at Link https://publishing.aip.org/resources/librarians/products/journals/
Cointegration and Market Integration: An Application to the Potato Markets in Rural West Bengal, India
Creators: name: Basu, Jyotish Prakash
name: Basu, Jyotish Prakash
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: market integration
subject: cointegration
subject: wholesale potato market
subject: retail potato market
subject: price signal and information.

description: The paper attempts to examine the market integration with the help of cointegration test on the prices of potato of Hooghly district in West Bengal. The analysis has been made at two levels, namely at the level of wholesale markets and at the retail markets. The cointegration test by Johansen and Jeselius (1990) applied to weekly prices of three important potato markets in Hooghly district suggest that the markets are integrated. Our results revealed that price signals and information are transmitted smoothly across the markets. These results have important policy implications. In a situation when potato markets are spatially integrated the government may think of reducing or even withdrawing its efforts to influence the price in the market. The finding of the market integration appears to be quite significant for the success of price policy and market liberalisation programs undertaken in India.
Need, Greed or Customary Rights - Which Factors Explain the Encroachment of Protected Areas? Empirical Evidence from a Protected Area in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Creators: name: Birner, Regina
name: Maertens, Miet
name: Zeller, Manfred
name: Birner, Regina
name: Maertens, Miet
name: Zeller, Manfred
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: land use change
subject: nature conservation
subject: household decision-making
subject: regulation
subject: Indonesia

description: The encroachment of protected areas for agricultural and livestock production is an important challenge for nature conservation in developing countries. The driving forces of encroachment are debated - major arguments focus on (1) the need of local people to cultivate land inside protected areas due to poverty, (2) commercial interests of cultivating inside protected areas, which indicates free-riding ("greed"), and (3) resistance against protected areas caused by disregard of customary rights. Understanding the role of these factors is important for designing appropriate conservation and development strategies. The paper contributes to this understanding by analyzing the encroachment of a National Park in Sulawesi, Indonesia. The analysis is guided by a theoretical framework which acknowledges that most individuals are neither purely altruistic nor entirely self-interested. The empirical analysis combines data from a village-level survey in 80 villages with information from a sate llite image and other spatial data. The following factors had a significant influence on the extent of encroachment: (1) population density in the area, which is related to needs, (2) the availability of suitable land inside the Park, which indicates "temptation", and (3) the extent of land that was already cultivated before the Park was established, which points to customary rights. Community agreements on conservation are discussed as a policy approach that can address all three factors.
protocols
Creators: name: McChesney, Ian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80602 Computer-Human Interaction
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 80703 Human Information Behaviour
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 80308 Programming Languages
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Participant Information Sheet, Participant Questionnaire, Consent Form.
Productivity and Economic Growth in Tunisian Agriculture: An Empirical Evidence
Creators: name: Dhehibi, Boubaker
name: Lachaal, Lassaad
name: Dhehibi, Boubaker
name: Lachaal, Lassaad
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Production function
subject: Translog
subject: Agriculture
subject: TFP
subject: Tunisia

description: This paper analyse the patterns of productivity and economic growth in the Tunisian agriculture during the 1961-2000. Results indicated that agriculture output growth where high in both the 1961-1970 and the 1971-1980 periods but decreased during the 1991-2000 period. Average output growth exceeded 6% during the 1981-1990 period, the average output growth during 1991-2000 had fallen to 4%. Over the whole period, capital was the most important contributor to output growth and labour is considered as the least significant contributor to economic growth. Total factor productivity contribution to output growth decreased from 4.64% in 1961-1970 to 2.86% in 1971-1980. In contrast, this contribution increased in 1981-1990 to close the 4.38%. In the last period, namely 1991-2000, TFP decreased. On average, productivity growth increased by less that 3.6% per year. One major source of the low productivity might be the low level of intermediate input use.
title: If we don't take that who will: an ethnographic exploration of a local studies collection in an Australian public library
Creators: name: Forsyth, Ellen
Publisher: name: University of Southern Queensland
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4610
subject: Library and information studies

description: With Australia’s diverse population, it is important that each local studies collection reflects and represents the heterogeneity of its community. Research suggests that collecting practices can contribute to bias, such as limited collection of digital original materials. A wider investigation of how collecting bias contributes to unrepresentative local collections has not previously been undertaken. This thesis addresses this problem through an ethnographic investigation of local collections policies and practices in an Australian public library and argues for a social justice approach to collecting. This study is positioned within a critical theory paradigm, a research tradition focused on questions of power, inequity and social change, directly relevant to the research question. The research findings identify the opportunities for, and difficulties of, collecting diverse content for local studies collections. They also identify factors that make it difficult to implement a strategic approach to local collections. Local studies collections are rarely able to reject unsolicited donations, which limits the capacity of staff to implement more proactive collecting. Drawing on the idea of mirrors, windows and sliding glass doors, the thesis highlights how a social justice framework for local studies collecting in public libraries can ensure greater inclusivity and equity. Such approaches can amplify voices that may have been silenced and make people and themes with little visibility much more apparent within local studies collections. A social justice approach to local studies has the potential to provide a more representative record of the community as a wider range of voices and stories are documented, collected and preserved. This would be beneficial to the local communities that libraries serve, ensuring greater engagement from and ownership by underrepresented groups. It also serves to ensure that local studies collections have greater depth, representation and range of content for research.
Bilinear recurrences and addition formulae for hyperelliptic sigma functions
Creators: name: Braden, Harry W.
name: Enolskii, Victor Z.
name: Hone, Andrew N. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Somos 4 sequences are a family of sequences satisfying a fourth order bilinear recurrence relation. In recent work, one of us has proved that the general term in such sequences can be expressed in terms of the Weierstrass sigma function for an associated elliptic curve. Here we derive the analogous family of sequences associated with an hyperelliptic curve of genus two defined by the affine model $y^2=4x^5+c_4 x^4+ ... +c_1 x+c_0$. We show that the recurrence sequences associated with such curves satisfy bilinear recurrences of order 8. The proof requires an addition formula which involves the genus two Kleinian sigma function with its argument shifted by the Abelian image of the reduced divisor of a single point on the curve. The genus two recurrences are related to a Bäcklund transformation (BT) for an integrable Hamiltonian system, namely the discrete case (ii) Hénon-Heiles system.
description: Typos corrected in sections 2,3,4,5. To appear in Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics for proceedings of SIDE 6, Helsinki, Finland, 19-24 June 2004
The Use of PIDs in Slovenia: Harnessing DOIs and URNs at the Slovenian Social Science Data Archives
Creators: name: Dolinar, Maja
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Persistent Identifiers
PID Infrastructure
Open Science
Japan
APAC
Consortia
DataCite
ORCID
AXIES
JaLC
JST

description: This event had the theme ‘As local as necessary, as international as possible’. It focussed on strengthening the Japanese persistent identifier (PID) community and fostering linkages between Japan PID infrastructure and the wider community in the Asia–Pacific (APAC) region and globally.

The agenda provided an orientation of PIDs and related services, as well as insights about ORCID and DataCite in the APAC region and the activities of our Consortia. Participants learnt about use cases of PID implementation in research workflows in Japan (and APAC), and how implementation has aligned with organizational goals: showcasing success stories and challenges.

Bringing people together for stimulating conversations around points of interest to the community that are not possible virtually, the event was an opportunity to meet others with an interest in the adoption of PIDs and Open Science principles.

This event was co-hosted by ORCID and DataCite alongside the Academic eXchange for Information Environment and Strategy and the Japan Link Center, who respectively lead ORCID’s and DataCite’s Consortia in Japan. It was supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency. The event was co-located with the International Symposium on Data Science 2023 held on 11–15 December 2023 at the Science Council of Japan in Tokyo.
Magnetic Structure of YBaCo4O7 with Kagome- and Triangular-Lattices
Creators: name: Soda, Minoru
name: Yasui, Yukio
name: Moyoshi, Taketo
name: Sato, Masatoshi
name: Igawa, Naoki
name: Kakurai, Kazuhisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron diffraction studies have been carried out in the temperature(T) range between 10 K and 130 K on a single crystal of YBaCo4O7, which has the stacking of kagome and triangular lattices of CoO4 tetrahedra along the c-axis. Structural transitions have been found at two temperatures Tc1~70 K and Tc2~105 K. With decreasing T, magnetic order appears along with the transition at Tc2, but it does not grow to an ideal long-range order even at the lowest T studied (~10 K). Two groups of magnetic diffuse reflections, which originate from the Co-moments of the kagome and triangular lattices, are observed separately in the reciprocal space. With further decreasing T, the growth rates of the intensities of these two are enhanced by another transition at Tc1. These magnetic behaviors seem to be related to the release of the geometrical frustration. At 10 K, the patterns of the magnetic short-range order have been determined for both sites of the kagome and triangular lattices.
description: 6 pages, 10 figures
Private Standards, Handling and Hygiene in Fruit Export Supply Chains: A Preliminary Evaluation of the Economic Impact of Parallel Standards
Creators: name: Vermeulen, Hester
name: Jordaan, Daniel Du Plessis Scheepers
name: Korsten, Luuk
name: Kirsten, Johann F.
name: Vermeulen, Hester
name: Jordaan, Daniel Du Plessis Scheepers
name: Korsten, Luuk
name: Kirsten, Johann F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Supply chain analysis
subject: citrus
subject: South Africa
subject: governance structure
subject: private standards
subject: quality

description: With the emergence of private food safety and quality standards in developed countries fruit exporting countries in the developing world face increasing constraints to access markets in the rich industrialised countries in the North. Producers in the South have no alternative as to make the necessary investments on farms and in pack houses to comply with the requirements of these food quality and safety standards. The export of fresh fruit is an important component of South African agricultural exports, with citrus fruit exported to markets such as Europe being of particular importance. This paper reports results from a large research project into the impact of private standard compliance on the quality of the fruit and the returns to farmers. The research process involved a multi-disciplinary analysis of Agricultural Economics and Microbiology as we analysed the dynamics of the citrus export supply chain from the farms in South Africa to the end consumer in Europe. Sampled fruit containers were followed through the whole supply chain which allowed us to provide an expose of the behaviour of the different actors in the citrus supply chain and obtain some evidence of poor handling and hygiene standards by means of a comparison of the experimental observations with various relevant components of the EurepGAP control points and compliance criteria for fruit and vegetables. Observations suggest that these standards are adequately applied to the production and handling of fruit at the farm and pack house levels while on the other hand the subsequent stages (mainly after the importing harbour in Europe) of the fruit supply chain are seemingly not subjected to the same strict requirements laid out for producers, leading to fruit quality deterioration and financial losses for producers. This constitutes clear parallel standards in terms of fruit safety and quality standards between upstream and downstream sections of the supply chain and questions thus the purpose of the standards and the financial return for producers making large investments to comply with these privately introduced standards.
Experimental and theoretical studies of protein transport in hollow-fibre bioreactors for mammalian cell culture
Creators: name: Labecki, Marek
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Cultivation of marnrnalian cells in the extracapillary space (ECS) of hollow-fibre bioreactors (HFBRs) is increasingly used for the production of useful proteins such as monoclonal antibodies. One of the greatest challenges associated with the operation of HFBRs is the maintenance of a uniform cell growth environment. In particular, the distributions of growth-factor proteins can be highly heterogeneous, leading to poor performance or even failure of the culture. Another important aspect of HFBR operation is the harvesting of product proteins from the ECS. Considering the high costs of the product and media proteins, there is a strong motivation for carrying out studies that will provide a better understanding of protein behaviour in HFBRs. The main focus of this thesis was the development of mathematical models describing different aspects of protein transport in HFBRs. The models were validated using protein concentration data collected during cell-free HFBR experiments. A one-dimensional Krogh cylinder model was employed to analyse hindered transmembrane transport relevant to the leakage of smaller proteins from the ECS. A two-dimensional porous medium model (PMM) was used to simulate open-shell operations such as harvesting. An advanced, three-dimensional PMM formulation permitted an extensive analysis of gravity-influenced free-convective ECS protein transport at different HFBR orientations. The dynamics of protein leakage in HFBRs was found to depend on many factors, including initial protein placement, perfusion flow rate, and the addition of a nonleaking protein to the ECS. An open-shell ECS shunt was predicted to be a viable alternative to the traditional closed-shell HFBR configuration, while cocurrent harvesting was found more efficient than countercurrent harvesting. Most studies revealed that the protein transfer between the fibre bundle and the manifolds played a significant role in ECS protein redistribution. Numerous model simulations confirmed the occurrence of forced-convective downstream polarisation of ECS proteins under typical operating conditions. The heterogeneity of protein distribution was greatly reduced by directing the perfusion flow upward, in which case strong free-convective flows mixed the contents of the ECS. These effects were most pronounced in cartridges oriented vertical-up, which might be a nonstandard but nonetheless promising configuration for use in future HFBR cell culture.
THE ECONOMICS OF PATENTS: AN OVERVIEW
Creators: name: Langinier, Corinne
name: Moschini, GianCarlo
name: Langinier, Corinne
name: Moschini, GianCarlo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: In this paper, we review the economic effects of intellectual property rights and specifically address the economics of the patent system. The production and dissemination of new knowledge is fraught with market failures because knowledge is a public good. Patents provide a second-best solution to the resulting appropriability problem. We review the main benefits and costs of the patent system, focusing on the role that patents play in providing incentives for innovation, in promoting the dissemination of knowledge, and in helping technology transfer and commercialization of new technology. From a more normative perspective, we address the questions of what the features of an optimal patent system are and whether the patent system is socially desirable. We examine the problem of the optimal length and scope of patent protection, both for the case of a single innovation and for the richer case of cumulative innovations. Finally, we review the issues related to how the patent system influences the market structure and research and development investments.
Short-wave Approximation For Macroscopic Cosmology with Higgs Scalar Field
Creators: name: Ignat'ev, Yu. G.
name: Ignat'ev, D. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the macroscopic equations of cosmological evolution obtained earlier by the Author, a closed system of macroscopic Einstein equations in the short-wave approximation for perturbations of the scalar Higgs and gravitational fields has been obtained and examined. The obtained exact solutions of macroscopic equations are determined by three microscopic parameters, depending on the spectrum of perturbations.
description: 10 pages., 3 figures, 10 references
Rotation of Two Micron All Sky Survey Clumps in Molecular Clouds
Creators: name: Xu, Xuefang
name: Li, Di
name: Dai, Y. Sophia
name: Goldsmith, Paul F.
name: Fuller, Gary A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analyzed the rotational properties of 12 clumps using $^{13}$CO (1--0) and C$^{18}$O (1--0) maps of the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory 13.7 m radio telescope. The clumps, located within molecular clouds, have radii ($R$) in the range of 0.06 -- 0.27\,pc. The direction of clump elongation is not correlated with the direction of the velocity gradient. We measured the specific angular momentum (J/M) to be between 0.0022 and 0.025 pc\,km\,s$^{-1}$ based on $^{13}$CO images, and between 0.0025 and 0.021 pc\,km\,s$^{-1}$ based on C$^{18}$O images. The consistency of $J/M$ based on different tracers indicates the $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O in dense clumps trace essentially the same material despite significantly different opacities. We also found that $J/M$ increases monotonically as a function of $R$ in power--law form, $J/M~\propto~R^{1.58~\pm~0.11}$. The ratio between rotation energy and gravitational energy, $β$, ranges from 0.0012 to 0.018. The small values of $β$ imply that rotation alone is not sufficient to support the clump against gravitational collapse.
description: Accepted by Astrophysical Journal
Devolution and EU policy-shaping: bridging the gap between multi-level governance and liberal intergovernmentalism
Creators: name: Tatham, Michaël
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: European Union (EU)
subject: multi-level governance
subject: intergovernmentalism
subject: 320 Politikwissenschaft

description: This paper argues that the impact of devolution has been largely misperceived in both liberal intergovernmentalist (LI) and multi-level governance (MLG) accounts of European Union (EU) politics. To address the shortcomings of both LI and MLG, a new data set measuring institutionalized regional involvement in the domestic EU policy-shaping process in the EU-27 is presented. Analysis shows that the relationship between devolution and institutionalized regional involvement is overall positive but non-linear, with a strong threshold effect that is best captured by a quadratic function. The causal nature of the link between devolution and institutionalized regional involvement is ascertained through qualitative means using process tracing and Mill’s method of difference. The article concludes with the necessary updating of MLG and LI frameworks to account for the impact of devolution on EU policy-shaping.
Raw Data for the article: The Immunomodulatory Properties of the Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Are Induced by INF-γ Produced by Activated Lymphomonocytes and Are Mediated by Cell-To-Cell Contact and Soluble Factors
Creators: name: Matteo, Bulati
name: Vitale, Miceli
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: M2-like monocytes
PDL-1
Exosomes
Human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Immunomodulation
Interferon-γ
Primed-hAMSCs
Regenerative medicine

description: Human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), being immunoprivileged and having immunomodulatory ability, represent a promising tool to be applied in the field of regenerative medicine. Based on numerous in vitro evidences, the immunological effects of MSCs on immune cells could depend on different mechanisms as cell-to-cell contact and paracrine signals. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that the immunomodulatory activity of MSCs is initiated by activated immune cells; thus, their interaction represents a potential homeostatic mechanism by which MSCs regulate the immune response. MSCs also release exosomes able to give different effects, in a paracrine manner, by influencing inflammatory processes. In this study, we aimed to establish the potential role of human amnion-derived MSCs (hAMSCs), in immunomodulation. We found that the immunosuppressive properties of hAMSCs are not constitutive, but require "supportive signals" capable of promoting these properties. Indeed, we observed that hAMSCs alone are not able to produce an adequate amount of soluble immunomodulatory factors. Here, we studied, in depth, the strong immunomodulatory licensing signal deriving from the direct interaction between hAMSCs and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We found that the immunomodulatory effect of hAMSCs also depends on cell-to-cell contact through the contribution of the PDL-1/PD-1 axis. We then investigated the IFN-γ priming of hAMSCs (γ-hAMSCs), which induce the increase of PDL-1 expression, high production of IDO, and upregulation of different immunomodulatory exosome-derived miRNAs. Our miRNA-target network analysis revealed that nine of the deregulated miRNAs are involved in the regulation of key proteins that control both T cell activation/anergy and monocyte differentiation pathways. Finally, we observed that γ-hAMSCs induce in monocytes both M2-like phenotype and the increase of IL-10 production. The extensive implications of MSCs in modulating different aspects of the immune system make these cells attractive candidates to be employed in therapeutic application in immune-based diseases. For these reasons, we aimed, with this study, to shed light on the potential of hAMSCs, and how they could become a useful tool for treating different inflammatory diseases, including end-stage pathologies or adverse effects in transplanted patients.
Lisbon Before the Courts: Comparative Perspectives
Creators: name: Wendel, Mattias
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Treaty of Lisbon
subject: Vertrag von Lissabon
subject: Verfassungsrecht
subject: 342 Verfassungs- und Verwaltungsrecht
subject: 349 Recht einzelner Gebietskörperschaften und Gebiete

description: Lisbon decisions of the constitutional courts in Austria, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Latvia and Poland from a comparative perspective – Democracy, sovereignty and identity – Permeability of national and supranational law – Ratification of the Lisbon Treaty and its constitutional foundations – Procedural background and legal outcome of the Lisbon decisions – Differences of institutional self-conception – Parliamentary responsibility for integration – Prior parliamentary assent to the future application of ‘dynamic treaty provisions’ – Different conceptions of national and multi-levelled democracy – Popular vote – Constitutional limits to European integration – Limits indicating the necessity of an amendment and limits protecting the inalienable substantial core of a constitutional order – German Bundesverfassungsgericht only court in Europe spelling out an eternity clause in a detailed, catalogue style manner – Judicial restraint – Ultra vires and identity review – Article 4.2 TEU as an integration clause of EU law and not a derogation clause – Comparative dialectics
CLINICAL SUPERVISION PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES OF SECONDARY SCHOOL HEADS IN   GUIMBA DISTRICT
Creators: name: Lacambra, Hershey
Publisher: name: Pinagpala Publishing Services
Year: 2024

description: ABSTRACT

 

Title:                 CLINICAL SUPERVISION PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES OF SECONDARY SCHOOL HEADS IN GUIMBA DISTRICT

Researcher:    HERSHEY M. LACAMBRA

Institution:       Tarlac State University

Degree:          Masters of Arts in Education

Major:             Educational Management

                       

Quality education is one of the seventeen interlinked objectives found in the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. Undeniably, it is also the battle cry of all educational institutions. The graduates are the living proofs whether an educational institution embodied quality in delivering education or not. This will circle back to the way teachers teach and give instructions inside the classroom, whether physical or virtual.

Neophyte teachers tend to need more nurturing for them to be more efficient in teaching. The statement goes also to the seasoned teachers who refuse innovation. Albeit proficient and experienced teachers still have something to work on to get better for educational trends never cease to emerge and problems are also evolving. Clinical supervision is the term used to the process of giving technical assistance to the teachers inside the classroom coming from their respective school heads which may include master teachers.

This study aims to present the real state of clinical supervision by means of examining the implementation of the practices under clinical supervision’s phases which are pre-conference, observation, and post-observation. It also includes the problems  encountered by the school heads in Guimba District with the objective of crafting an action plan.

The researcher used quantitative descriptive research design. A researcher-made survey questionnaire was utilized. It covers the areas on how the school heads conducts clinical supervision and what are the identified challenges.

The study revealed that school heads and master teachers who are both clinical supervisors conduct all the processes under pre-conference, observation, and post-observation religiously.

Problems that surfaced include voluminous administrative tasks other than supervisory activity,  time-constraint supervisory feedback after class observation, and lack of monitoring and evaluation on the application of recommendations and corrections from the feedback.

The action plan proposed by the researcher based on the results of the will help in a better understanding and implementation of clinical supervision.
INSURING UNCERTAINTY IN VALUE-ADDED AGRICULTURE: ETHANOL PRODUCTION
Creators: name: Paulson, Nicholas D.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Hart, Chad E.
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Paulson, Nicholas D.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Hart, Chad E.
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: correlations
subject: ethanol
subject: insurance
subject: risk management
subject: value-added agriculture

description: A wide variety of insurance products is available to agricultural producers to insure against yield or price risks in the markets for the raw commodities they produce. Value-added enterprises, such as ethanol production, have been expanding over the last decade. This paper outlines the development of an insurance product aimed at corn producers who are members of an ethanol production cooperative. The product has the potential to provide these producers with a new and useful risk management tool to insure against price risks in the markets for corn, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), ethanol, and natural gas. Monte Carlo analysis is used to develop fair premiums at various coverage levels. A historical correlation structure is imposed on the simulated price data using a method proposed by Iman and Conover (1982), which maintains the marginal distributions of the variables. Historical analysis is carried out to examine how the product would have performed had it been offered over the last decade. The product is shown to perform as intended, paying indemnities in years of extreme price volatility.
SEASONALITY, CAPITAL INFLEXIBILITY, AND THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION
Creators: name: Roosen, Jutta
name: Hennessy, David A.
name: Roosen, Jutta
name: Hennessy, David A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: capital intensity
subject: causality
subject: dairy
subject: regional production systems

description: Among the prominent recognized features of the industrialization of animal production over the past half century are growth in the stock of inflexible or use-dedicated capital as an input in production and growth in productivity. Less recognized is a trend toward aseasonal production. We record the deseasonalization of animal production in the United States and Europe over the past 70 years. We also suggest that (a) lower seasonality can precede or Granger-cause increased productivity because of increased capital intensity, and (b) productivity improvements can Granger-cause lower seasonality. Process (a) should be more likely earlier in the industrialization process. For U.S. dairy production, our empirical tests find some evidence that process (a) operated early in the twentieth century while process (b) operated in more recent times.
Bringing the Heat Home: Television Spots about Local Impacts Reduce Global Warming Denialism
Creators: name: Romero-Canyas, Rainer
name: Larson-Konar, Dylan
name: Redlawsk, David P.
name: Borie-Holtz, Debra
name: Gaby, Keith
name: Langer, Shira
name: Schneider, Ben
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Efforts to educate the general public about global warming and the potential policy solutions that could mitigate its effects have relied on the diffusion of facts. But, cognitive scientists have documented that psychologically distant events like global warming elicit less concern and motivation to act relative to immediate, proximal and certain events. This paper documents a quasi-experiment that tested the effect on attitudes of a television campaign that emphasized the temporally, geographically and socially proximal impacts of global warming on the ecosystems and business activity of a historically conservative area of the United States. The campaign aired on one cable provider. Subscribers of that and of competing providers in the same zip-codes were polled after the campaign. Respondents exposed to the campaign were more likely to believe that global warming is happening, to accept the scientific consensus, to be more concerned about impacts and more supportive of policy solutions.