cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Machine learning-based optimisation of ultra-brief questionnaires for mental health disorders
Creators: name: Glavin, Darragh
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering

description: Machine learning (ML) is capable of identifying patterns in vast amounts of data that humans cannot identify as easily. Given this capability, researchers have begun investigating the use of ML in the field of mental health to assist decision-making. This thesis explored the development and application of an ML-based framework to derive the optimal ultra-brief versions of screening questionnaires for depression, generalised anxiety, perceived stress, irrational procrastination, insomnia, and poor general mental health. ML offers a data-driven approach to identifying the optimal symptom combinations at screening for mental health disorders by modelling the underlying function between the disorder symptoms and the diagnosis.The empirical evidence obtained in this thesis does not support the consensus that the cardinal symptoms of depression or generalised anxiety are the most effective at screening for their presence. The findings also demonstrated the advantages of inputting ultra-brief questionnaire items into ML models compared to using the traditional sum score approach. This thesis contributed to the field of mental health research by introducing novel ML-based ultra-brief depression, generalised anxiety, and insomnia screening instruments that are more effective than the established ultra?brief instruments. Additionally, new 2-item versions of perceived stress, irrational procrastination and general mental health screening questionnaires were developed, filling a notable gap in existing research.The findings also demonstrated that using a composite 4-item ML-based screening instrument for both depression and generalised anxiety was more effective than using 2-item disorder-specific screening instruments separately. This performance was not replicable by the established depression and generalised anxiety composite screening instrument. Finally, most ML research in mental health has focused on the binary classification of a disorder i.e., depressed or not depressed. Utilising other ML techniques such as regression with ultra-brief questionnaires provided more nuanced predictions during screening regarding the severity of a disorder.
BOLALARNING TURLI NUTQ BUZISHLARINING TASNIFI
Creators: name: Klıshaeva, Guljan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada bolalarda nutq buzilishining o'ziga xos jihatlari xususida so'z yuritiladi. Qayd etib cTtish lozimki, bolalarda kuzatiladigan nutq buzilislilarining ayrim ko'rinishlari mavjud bo"lib, ular bir-biridan mazmuniga колга hamda tabiatiga ko'ra farqlanadi. Bolalarda uchraydigan nutq buzilishlarini o'z vaqtida bartaraf etish ularning kelgusida jiddiy kasallikka aylanmasligi uchun asos vazifasini o'taydi.
Constraints on Smallholder Treecropping in Malaysia
Creators: name: Crotty, Raymond
Publisher: name: Internationales Asienforum
Year: 2018

description: The low yields of Malaysian smallholder tree-crop producers are usually ascribed to technical inefficiency. A more plausible explanation of this exception to the general experience that small farms have higher yields than large ones is capital scarcity on smallholdings engaged in an exceptionally capital-intensive agricultural enterprise. This hypothesis is considered in the light of a decline in smallholder output in South-West Perak, which has occured notwithstanding a rapidly increasing population and an abundant supply of labour. Land tenure problems also appear to depress Malay smallholder output. Proposals are advanced for Kampong Development Corporations, with public financing, to lease derelict smallholder land, to rehabilitate it, and to sublet it at competitive rents to smallholders when the new trees come into production.
description: Internationales Asienforum, Bd. 9 Nr. 3-4 (1978): Internationales Asienforum
title: CMU Informedia@TRECVID 2015 MED
Creators: name: Yu, Shoou-I.
name: Jiang, Lu
name: Xu, Zhongwen
name: Lan, Zhenzhong
name: Xu, Shicheng
name: Chang, Xiaojun
name: Li, Xuanchong
name: Mao, Zexi
name: Gan, Chuang
name: Miao, Yajie
name: Du, Xingzhong
name: Cai, Yang
name: Martin, Lara
name: Wolfe, Nikolas
name: Li, Huan
name: Lin, Ming
name: Ma, Zhigang
name: Yang, Yi
name: Meng, Deyu
name: Shan, Shiguang
name: Duygulu, Pinar
name: Burger, Susanne
name: Metze, Florian
name: Singh, Rita
name: Raj, Bhiksha
name: Mitamura, Teruko
name: Stern, Richard
name: Hauptmann, Alexander
Publisher: name: NIST
Year: 2015

description: We report on our system used in the TRECVID 2015 Multimedia Event Detection (MED) task. On the MED task, the CMU team submitted runs in the Semantic Query (SQ) and 10Ex settings. The proposed system is essentially the same as our MED 2014 system.
title: A methodology for using crowdsourced data to measure uncertainty in natural speech
Creators: name: Martin, Lara
name: Stone, Matthew
name: Metze, Florian
name: Mostow, Jack
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Accuracy
subject: Speech
subject: annotation
subject: color
subject: Color
subject: crowdsourcing
subject: Entropy
subject: Image color analysis
subject: Measurement uncertainty
subject: speech analysis
subject: uncertainty
subject: Uncertainty

description: 2014 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop, 07-10 December 2014, South Lake Tahoe, NV, USA
description: People sometimes express uncertainty unconsciously in order to add layers of meaning on top of their speech, conveying doubts about the accuracy of the information they are trying to communicate. In this paper, we propose a methodology for annotating uncertainty, which is usually a subjective and expensive process, by using crowdsourcing. In our experiment, we used an online database which consists of colors that more than 200,000 users have named. Based on the amount of unique names that users have given each color, an entropy value was calculated to represent the uncertainty level of the color. A model, which performed better than chance, was created to predict whether or not the color that the participant was describing was ambiguous or borderline, given certain prosodic cues of their speech when asked to name the color verbally. Using crowdsourced data can greatly streamline the process of annotating uncertainty, but our methods have yet to be tested in other domains besides color. By using methods such as ours to measure prosodic attributes of uncertainty, it should be possible to increase the accuracy of voice search.
title: Identifying Student Leaders from MOOC Discussion Forums through Language Influence
Creators: name: Moon, Seungwhan
name: Potdar, Saloni
name: Martin, Lara
Publisher: name: ACL Anthology
Year: 2014

description: Proceedings of the EMNLP 2014 Workshop on Analysis of Large Scale Social Interaction in MOOCs,October 2014, Doha, Qatar
description: Identifying and understanding the motivations of student leaders from Massively Open Online Course (MOOC) discussion forums provides the key to making the online learning environment engaging, collaborative, and instructive. In this paper, we propose to identify student leaders solely based on textual features, or specifically by analyzing how they influence other students’ language. We propose an improved method of measuring language accommodation based on people’s choice of words given a semantic topic of interest, and show that student leaders indeed coordinate other students’ language usage. We also show that our proposed method can successfully distinguish student leaders from the two MOOC discussion forum datasets.
title: A multisensory non-invasive system for laughter analysis
Creators: name: Cosentino, Sarah
name: Burger, Susanne
name: Martin, Lara
name: Metze, Florian
name: Kishi, Tatsuhiro
name: Hashimoto, Kenji
name: Sessa, Salvatore
name: Zecca, Massimiliano
name: Takanishi, Atsuo
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014

description: 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, At: Chicago, IL, USA
description: Laughter is an important non-verbal human social signal. Clarifying the mechanism of laughing would be useful in a variety of studies on health or sociology. In this paper we introduce a non-invasive multisensory system for real-time laughter detection and analysis. We focus only on the audio laughter recognition, present the preliminary results we obtained, and discuss the possible application of this system in the medical field.
MOHAMMED SAEED CHAUDHRY: Der Kashmirkonflikt. Seine Ursachen, sein Wesen sowie Rolle und Bemühungen der Vereinten Nationen
Creators: name: Malla, Shashi P. B.
Publisher: name: Internationales Asienforum
Year: 2018

description: Internationales Asienforum, Bd. 8 Nr. 3-4 (1977): Internationales Asienforum
DIETER BLASCHKE, INGRID LUKATIS. Probleme interdisziplinärer Forschung. Organisations- und Forschungssoziologische Untersuchung der Erfahrungen mit interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit im SFB 16 unter besonderer Betonung des Dhanbad-Projektes
Creators: name: Kantowsky, D.
Publisher: name: Internationales Asienforum
Year: 2018

description: Internationales Asienforum, Bd. 8 Nr. 3-4 (1977): Internationales Asienforum
Additional file 1 of Heart failure supported by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): a systematic review of pre-clinical models
Creators: name: Rozencwajg, Sacha
name: Heinsar, Silver
name: Suen, Jacky
name: Bassi, Gianluigi Li
name: Malfertheiner, Maximilian
name: Vercaemst, Leen
name: Broman, Lars Mikael
name: Schmidt, Matthieu
name: Combes, Alain
name: Rätsep, Indrek
name: Fraser, John F.
name: Millar, Jonathan E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
title: Applause: A Learning Tool for Low-Resource Languages
Creators: name: Wolfe, Nikolas
name: Vemuri, Vinay Vyas
name: Martin, Lara J.
name: Metze, Florian
name: Black, Alan W.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014

description: In this paper, we describe the concept of an interactive tool which can be employed to build a dialog system to facilitate pronunciation training in situations where only a few minutes of speech in the target language are available. We leverage recent advances in low-resource speech processing, and envision a tool which will help organizations working in the developing world to quickly create initial training lessons for new languages. Development will be possible using mobile devices alone, and without the requirement of significant technical skills or language-specific information. If users are ultimately able to acquire at least rudimentary proficiency in a low-resource language or dialect using our automatic system, they should find it much easier to communicate, establish trust, and build rapport with the local population than without such support. In this paper, we present the operational principles of our approach, describe a proof-of-concept implementation that we are currently developing, and summarize ideas for evaluation at the technical, language-learning, and user interface levels.
title: Informedia@TRECVID 2014 MED and MER
Creators: name: Yu, Shoou-I.
name: Jiang, Lu
name: Xu, Zhongwen
name: Lan, Zhenzhong
name: Xu, Shicheng
name: Chang, Xiaojun
name: Martin, Lara
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014

description: We report on our system used in the TRECVID 2014 Multimedia Event Detection (MED) and Multimedia Event Recounting (MER) tasks. On the MED task, the CMU team achieved leading performance in the Semantic Query (SQ), 000Ex, 010Ex and 100Ex settings. Furthermore, SQ and 000Ex runs are significantly better than the submissions from the other teams. We attribute the good performance to 4 main components: 1) large-scale semantic concept detectors trained on video shots for SQ/000Ex systems, 2) better features such as improved trajectories and deep learning features for 010Ex/100Ex systems, 3) a novel Multistage Hybrid Late Fusion method for 010Ex/100Ex systems and 4) improved reranking methods for Pseudo Relevance Feedback for 000Ex/010Ex systems. On the MER task, our system utilizes a subset of features and detection results from the MED system from which the recounting is then generated. Recounting evidence is presented by selecting the most likely concepts detected in the salient shots of a video. Salient shots are detected by searching for shots which have high response when predicted by the video level event detector.
SEPP LINHART: Arbeit, Freizeit und Familie in Japan. Eine Untersuchung der Lebensweisen von Arbeitern und Angestellten in Großbetrieben
Creators: name: Teichler, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Internationales Asienforum
Year: 2018

description: Internationales Asienforum, Bd. 8 Nr. 3-4 (1977): Internationales Asienforum
Klasterisasi Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia Berdasarkan Daerah Asal Menggunakan Algoritma Community
Creators: name: Maghfirani, Nida Inayah
name: Widiastuti, Luh Putu Gayatri
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: pahlawan

description: Berikut merupakan dataset untuk Klasterisasi Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia Berdasarkan Daerah Asal menggunakan Algoritma Community
title: Accurate and Interpretable Radar Quantitative Precipitation Estimation with Symbolic Regression
Creators: name: Zhang, Olivia
name: Grissom, Brianna
name: Pulido, Julian
name: Munoz-Ordaz, Kenia
name: He, Jonathan
name: Cham, Mostafa
name: Jing, Haotong
name: Qian, Weikang
name: Wen, Yixin
name: Wang, Jianwu
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: UMBC Big Data Analytics Lab

description: 2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData), 15-18 December 2024, Washington, DC, USA
description: Accurate quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) is essential for managing water resources, monitoring flash floods, creating hydrological models, and more. Traditional methods of obtaining precipitation data from rain gauges and radars have limitations such as sparse coverage and inaccurate estimates for different precipitation types and intensities. Symbolic regression, a machine learning method that generates mathematical equations fitting the data, presents a unique approach to estimating precipitation that is both accurate and interpretable. Using WSR-88D dual-polarimetric radar data from Oklahoma and Florida over three dates, we tested symbolic regression models involving genetic programming and deep learning, symbolic regression on separate clusters of the data, and the incorporation of knowledge-based loss terms into the loss function. We found that symbolic regression is both accurate in estimating rainfall and interpretable through learned equations. Accuracy and simplicity of the learned equations can be slightly improved by clustering the data based on select radar variables and by adjusting the loss function with knowledge-based loss terms. This research provides insights into improving QPE accuracy through interpretable symbolic regression methods
ERHARD NECKERMANN, RUDOLF G. WAGNER (eds.): Wer erzieht wen. Dokumente zur Revolution im Erziehungswesen der Volksrepublik China
Creators: name: Teichler, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Internationales Asienforum
Year: 2018

description: Internationales Asienforum, Bd. 8 Nr. 3-4 (1977): Internationales Asienforum
title: Gaps in U.S. livestock data are a barrier to effective environmental and disease management
Creators: name: Logsdon Muenich, Rebecca
name: Aryal, Sanskriti
name: Ashworth, Amanda J
name: Bell, Michelle L
name: Boudreau, Melanie R
name: Cunningham, Stephanie A
name: Flynn, K Colton
name: Hamilton, Kerry A
name: Liu, Ting
name: Mashtare, Michael L
name: Nelson, Natalie G
name: Rashid, Barira
name: Saha, Arghajeet
name: Schaffer-Smith, Danica
name: Showalter, Callie
name: Tchamdja, Aureliane
name: Thompson, Jada
Publisher: name: AAS
Year: 2025

description: Livestock are a critical part of our food systems, yet their abundance globally has been cited as a driver of many environmental and human health concerns. Issues such as soil, water, and air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, aquifer depletion, antimicrobial resistance genes, and zoonotic disease outbreaks have all been linked to livestock operations. While many studies have examined these issues at depth at local scales, it has been difficult to complete studies at regional or national scales due to the dearth of livestock data, hindering pollution mitigation or response time for tracing and monitoring disease outbreaks. In the U.S. the National Agricultural Statistics Service completes a Census once every 5 years that includes livestock, but data are only available at the county level leaving little inference that can be made at such a coarse spatiotemporal scale. While other data exist through some regulated permitting programs, there are significant data gaps in where livestock are raised, how many livestock are on site at a given time, and how these livestock and, importantly, their waste emissions, are managed. In this perspective, we highlight the need for better livestock data, then discuss the accessibility and key limitations of currently available data. We then feature some recent work to improve livestock data availability through remote-sensing and machine learning, ending with our takeaways to address these data needs for the future of environmental and public health management.
Appendix 1 - SLR Strategy (from the article "Young People’s Diversity and Digital Media: a Systematic Review (2010-2022)"
Creators: name: Filipa Oliveira, Ana
name: Leote de Carvalho, Maria João
name: Sousa, Carla
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 441007
subject: Sociology and social studies of science and technology
classificationCode: 470107
subject: Media studies
classificationCode: 390407
subject: Inclusive education
classificationCode: 470105
subject: Journalism studies
classificationCode: 480507
subject: Youth justice

description: Appendix 1 - SLR Strategy (from the article "Young People’s Diversity and Digital Media: a Systematic Review (2010-2022)"This article is part of the issue “Practices of Digital In- and Exclusion in Everyday Life” edited by Marcel Broersma (University of Groningen), Joëlle Swart (University of Groningen), Denise Mensonides (University of Groningen), Alex Smit (University of Groningen), and Maud Rebergen (University of Groningen), fully open access at https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.i446
A Preliminary Bibliography on Rural Housing and Farm Service Buildings
Creators: name: Schindler, Margaret C.
name: United States Department Of Agriculture
name: Schindler, Margaret C.
name: United States Department Of Agriculture
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1949
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Crop Production/Industries
Livestock Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpts from the Introduction: In order to meet the new responsibilities assigned to the Department of Agriculture by Public Law 171, The Housing Act of 1949, I have appointed a temporary Committee on Housing Research to aid in planning the Department's program in this field. The committee includes P. V. Cardon, Administrator, Agricultural Research Administration; D. B. Lasseter, Administrator, Farmers Home Administration; Ralph R. Shaw, The Librarian; L. F. Watts, Chief, Forest Service; G. V. Wells, Chief, Bureau of Agricultural Economics; M. L. Wilson, Director, Extension Service, Chairman. The first responsibility of this committee was to survey existent data, in order that the Department' s new work in the field of housing might utilize all available information to the fullest extent. The bibliography which follows was compiled by Miss Margaret C. Schindler, Chief of the Division of Bibliography of the Department Library, in cooperation with a Working Committee consisting of Roy J. Burroughs, Bureau of Agricultural Economics; L. H. Hauter, Farmers Home Administration; Samuel P. Lyle, Extension Service; Dr. Louise Stanley, Agricultural Research Administration; Dr. George Trayer, Forest Service; and Ralph R. Shaw, The Librarian, Chairman.
title: Probing an auxiliary laser to tune the repetition rate of a soliton microcomb
Creators: name: Mahmood, Tanvir
name: Cahill, James P.
name: Sykes, Patrick
name: Courtright, Logan
name: Wu, Lue
name: Vahala, Kerry J.
name: Menyuk, Curtis
name: Zhou, Weimin
Publisher: name: Optica
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Phase noise
subject: Frequency combs
subject: Frequency modulation
subject: Tunable diode lasers
subject: UMBC Computational Photonics Lab
subject: Optical amplifiers
subject: Kerr effect

description: We demonstrate that it is possible to linearly tune the repetition rate of a bright soliton comb that is generated using an Si3N4 microring resonator by linearly varying the frequency of an auxiliary heater laser. Hence, the auxiliary laser can be utilized as a linear active feedback element for stabilizing the repetition rate. We investigated the potential of the auxiliary laser as an actuator of the soliton repetition rate by varying the auxiliary laser frequency at different modulation rates. Within the modulation bandwidth of the laser, we find that the variation ratio, defined as the ratio of the change in the repetition rate to the change in the laser frequency, remains unchanged. This variation ratio also quantifies the correlation between the frequency drift of the auxiliary laser and the repetition rate phase noise and makes it possible to examine the impact of frequency drift on the attainable phase noise performance of the soliton microcomb. For our setup, we find that the repetition rate phase noise of the microcomb below a 1-kHz offset from the carrier is dominated by the frequency drift of the auxiliary laser, which emphasizes the importance of deploying an inherently low-phase-noise laser when auxiliary laser heating technique is utilized.
Simultaneously improving fabrication accuracy and interfacial bonding strength of multi-material projection stereolithography by multi-step exposure
Creators: name: Deng, Xinghong
name: Zhang, Guangyu
name: Mo, Yi
name: Huang, Zhiyuan
name: Zhou, Dekai
name: Qiao, Jing
name: Li, Longqiu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Multi-material additive manufacturing (MMAM) takes full advantage of the ability to arbitrarily place materials of additive manufacturing technology, enabling immense design freedom and functional print capabilities. Among MMAM technologies, projection stereolithography (PSL) exhibits a great balance of high resolution and fast printing speed. However, fabrication accuracy of multi-material PSL is hindered by large overcure used to strengthen interfacial bonding weakened by chemical affinity and material-exchange process. We present a novel multi-step exposure method for multi-material PSL process to overcome this shortcoming. Firstly, the whole layer is moderately exposed producing overcure of single-material PSL level to generate geometries. Then weakened interfaces are strengthened individually with additional steps of exposure. The multi-step exposure is integrated into the already efficient materials printing order of multi-material PSL process. Curing depth and overcure of photocurable resins are modeled and characterized. Exposure required to achieve sufficient interfacial bonding of single-material interfaces built through material-exchange process and multi-material interfaces with altering materials printing order is determined with tensile tests. Microfluidic channels are used to compare fabrication accuracy of traditional single-step exposure and our multi-step exposure method. This method can be widely applied in multi-material PSL to improve fabrication accuracy in a variety of applications including microfluidic devices.
title: Neurosymbolic AI for Travel Demand Prediction: Integrating Decision Tree Rules into Neural Networks
Creators: name: Acharya, Kamal
name: Lad, Mehul
name: Sun, Liang
name: Song, Houbing
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: UMBC Security and Optimization for Networked Globe Laboratory (SONG Lab)
subject: Computer Science - Machine Learning
subject: Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence

description: Travel demand prediction is crucial for optimizing transportation planning, resource allocation, and infrastructure development, ensuring efficient mobility and economic sustainability. This study introduces a Neurosymbolic Artificial Intelligence (Neurosymbolic AI) framework that integrates decision tree (DT)-based symbolic rules with neural networks (NNs) to predict travel demand, leveraging the interpretability of symbolic reasoning and the predictive power of neural learning. The framework utilizes data from diverse sources, including geospatial, economic, and mobility datasets, to build a comprehensive feature set. DTs are employed to extract interpretable if-then rules that capture key patterns, which are then incorporated as additional features into a NN to enhance its predictive capabilities. Experimental results show that the combined dataset, enriched with symbolic rules, consistently outperforms standalone datasets across multiple evaluation metrics, including Mean Absolute Error (MAE), \(R^2\), and Common Part of Commuters (CPC). Rules selected at finer variance thresholds (e.g., 0.0001) demonstrate superior effectiveness in capturing nuanced relationships, reducing prediction errors, and aligning with observed commuter patterns. By merging symbolic and neural learning paradigms, this Neurosymbolic approach achieves both interpretability and accuracy.
title: Pathogenicity and phylogeny of Labyrinthula spp. isolated in Washington and Oregon, USA
Creators: name: Agnew-Camiener, M. Victoria
name: Eisenlord, Morgan E.
name: Friedman, Carolyn S.
name: Schreier, Harold
name: Burge, Colleen
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: ribotype
subject: seagrass
subject: seagrass wasting disease
subject: 18S rRNA gene
subject: Stramenopile
subject: marine disease
subject: phylogenetic tree
subject: Zostera marina

description: The class Labyrinthulomycetes constitutes a multitude of species found ubiquitously in the environment, and includes pathogens of corals, hard clams, turfgrasses, and seagrasses. Labyrinthula zosterae, the causative agent of seagrass wasting disease, has been associated with declines in seagrass coverage since the 1930s. However, pathogenic and nonpathogenic Labyrinthula spp. have been isolated from seagrass tissue. These isolates are difficult to distinguish morphologically, and the diversity of isolates where seagrass wasting disease is present is often unknown. This study aimed to increase knowledge on the pathogenicity and phylogeny of Labyrinthula spp. in Washington and Oregon, USA where a high prevalence of seagrass wasting disease has been associated with eelgrass, Zostera marina, declines. We tested the pathogenicity of 14 Labyrinthula isolates and compared partial 18S rRNA gene sequences of 12 isolates to sequences from around the world through the NCBI database. We found that pathogenic isolates could be identified as Labyrinthula zosterae, while nonpathogenic isolates did not form a clade with any previously identified SSU ribotypes. These results add to the growing data on Labyrinthula and seagrass wasting disease and can improve our understanding of pathogen evolution and spread in the future.
title: Morpholino oligomer delivery via bath immersion for use in reverse genetic studies on the early development of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica)
Creators: name: Xu, Lan
name: Small, Jessica Moss
name: Hood, Shannon M.
name: Zhao, Mingli
name: Plough, Louis V.
name: Wong, Ten-Tsao
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Embryo development
subject: Knockdown
subject: MO-vivo

description: The eastern oyster genome and expanding omics data have provided valuable insights into this species. However, the limited availability of molecular toolboxes constrains the further exploration of gene functional investigation. In this study, we applied an emerging immersion-based gene silencing technology and developed a detailed protocol for delivering Morpholino oligomer (MO) to eastern oysters. First, two target genes, cv-gcl and cv-vasa, were cloned, and their expressions in ovaries and during embryogenesis were characterized. Both genes were maternally deposited to oocytes, and the expression of cv-vasa decreased steadily after fertilization, while cv-gcl peaked around 20 hours post-fertilization. The post-fertilization immersion treatment was more effective (three- to four-fold) than the pre-fertilization treatment, indicating a stronger MO uptake after fertilization. MOs designed against these two genes were administered via Vivo using bath immersion treatment following fertilization. There was no difference in survival rates (D-larvae yield) at 1 day post-fertilization (dpf) when treating embryos with cvgcl-MO-Vivo up to 20 μM, while deleterious effects started to emerge when increasing the concentration to 30 and 40 μM. The cvvasa-MO-Vivo treated group exhibited a lower Vasa level compared to the control-MO-Vivo group, suggesting the potential knockdown of the target gene. Most importantly, we achieved real-time visualization of MO uptake by conjugating fluorescence-labeled MO with a cell-penetrating peptide. Monitoring fluorescent intensity inside oyster larvae revealed that MO delivery occurred during early embryogenesis, and the signal retained up to 6 dpf. The immersion and fluorescence-traceable approach described here is a highly efficient reverse genetic method of delivering and monitoring MO in a large number of developing eastern oyster embryos to study the function of genes of interest involved in early development.
title: Comments on Alexander Field: The Economic Consequences of Mobilization for the Second World War
Creators: name: Mitch, David
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2025

description: Field’s excellent book provides an impressive blend of careful quantification through total factor productivity analysis with a well developed and documented narrative account of key episodes of U.S. mobilization during the second world war. Field’s basic thrust of the book challenging the common view that U.S. mobilization for war constituted an economic miracle or at least a major economic policy success and arguing instead that the U.S. faced major production challenges and inefficiencies is quite convincing. One important issue to consider regards the relevant counterfactuals. Mobilization as such is not a very clearly defined treatment effect. Field’s assessment is appropriately on actual mobilization efforts as conducted. But that assessment poses the question of whether there were better alternatives and if so what were the margins of choice? One issue of interpretation and context concerns the relationship between mobilization for the "hot" second world war and the subsequent deterrence and containment effort of the “cold” war. A more general counterfactual issue concerns alternative forms for mobilization. U.S mobilization involved some mix of private enterprise, civilian government and military officials. Here comparative analysis with how mobilization worked elsewhere both for allied and axis powers would be informative. A final topic raised by Field’s book that warrants further consideration is is the implications of the war effort for profile of both corporate R&D and Federal government R&D. Field’s book deserves a wide readership well beyond specialists in the history of the second world war.
title: P-293. Epidemiology of Extraintestinal Invasive Escherichia coli Infections in 9 U.S. Communities, 2023
Creators: name: Grome, Heather N.
name: Brandenburg, Joshua M.
name: Grass, Julian E.
name: Parker, Erin
name: Johnston, Helen
name: Driscoll, Jennifer
name: Rebolledo, Paulina
name: Smith, Gillian
name: Wilson, Lucy
name: Luckman, Emily
name: Zipprich, Jennifer
name: Garcia, Marco
name: Hoffman, Marisa
name: Flores, Kristina
name: Che Looi, Hsioa
name: Tellerman, Julia
name: O’Brien, Shannon C.
name: Muleta, Daniel
name: Denzie, Olivia
name: Guh, Alice
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2025

description: Extraintestinal invasive Escherichia coli (iEC) is a leading cause of sepsis and hospitalization, but US surveillance for iEC has been frequently limited to multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains and hospitalized cohorts. To describe the incidence and clinical characteristics of MDR and non-MDR iEC and inform prevention and vaccine development, CDC’s Emerging Infections Program piloted active population- and laboratory-based surveillance in 9 US sites. Among surveillance area residents ( > 7.3 million people), an incident iEC case was the first isolation of E. coli in a 30-day period from a normally sterile body site (June–August 2023). Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics were assessed by chart review. Annual incidence rates by surveillance area were estimated by multiplying total case number by 4 and used 2022 US census data for denominators. Among 1345 iEC cases in 1334 patients, E. coli was isolated from blood in 1223 (90.9%) and from other sterile sites in 122 (9.1%). Median age was 68 years (IQR 55–79); 766 (57.0%) were female. Overall estimated annual crude incidence rate was 74.5 cases per 100,000 population (range by area 51.3–95.6) and was higher for persons aged ≥ 60 vs < 60 years (228.5 vs 30.4). Cases were most commonly community associated (554, 41.2%) or health care associated community onset (633, 47.1%). Most case-patients (1194, 88.8%) had comorbidities; diabetes was most common (457, 34.0%). Of all cases, 762 (56.7%) were associated with urinary tract infection (UTI), 192 (14.3%) with recurrent UTI, and 213 (15.8%) had a urinary catheter in the 2 days before collection of the iEC-defining specimen. Among 1160 hospitalized cases, median length of stay was 5 days (IQR 3–9), 103 (8.9%) died. Of reported E. coli susceptibilities, 144/500 (28.8%) were fluoroquinolone-resistant, 185/1345 (13.8%) were extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing, and 3/1345 (0.2%) carbapenem-resistant. The burden of iEC disease was substantial compared to other invasive pathogens and primarily affected older adults. Over half of infections accompanied UTIs and involved hospitalization. Continued surveillance to monitor trends over time, inform vaccine development and evaluation, and advise prevention efforts are needed.
title: Nutrition and diet profile: Sri Lanka
Creators: name: Koyratty, Nadia
name: Silva, Renuka
name: Ranathunga, Thilanka
name: Olney, Deanna K.
Publisher: name: CGIAR
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: UMBC Disaster Health Research Lab

description: Sri Lanka faces a double burden of malnutrition with the co-existence and persistence of multiple forms of malnutrition, e.g., stunting, wasting, underweight, overweight/ obesity, anemia, and micronutrient deficiences. Inadequate intake of many micronutrients is common across several population groups in Sri Lanka, indicating low intake of nutrient-dense foods such as F&Vs and animal-source foods. A diverse diet with adequate intake of nutrient-dense foods should be encouraged to address nutrient gaps among Sri Lankans and reduce the risk of NCDs. Many government-issued diet- and nutrition-related policies, strategies, and programs have been adopted in Sri Lanka. However, these often do not place enough emphasis on F&Vs. While national food based dietary guidelines exist, as well as other guidelines and policies, there is uncertainty about the level of public awareness and the population’s adherence to the recommendations. Evaluations of diet- and nutrition-related interventions are also scarce, indicating a need for rigorous evidence on what works to help guide programs and policies that aim to improve diet and nutrition outcomes among Sri Lankans.
title: Association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and lesion ischemia in patients with atherosclerosis
Creators: name: Xu, Muwu
name: Hou, Zhihui
name: Koyratty, Nadia
name: Huang, Conghong
name: Mu, Lina
name: Zhu, Kexin
name: Yu, Guan
name: LaMonte, Michael J.
name: Budoff, Matthew J.
name: Kaufman, Joel D.
name: Wang, Meng
name: Lu, Bin
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Air pollution
subject: Lesion ischemia
subject: Atherosclerosis
subject: CT-FFR
subject: UMBC Disaster Health Research Lab

description: Background and aims: Air pollution has been associated with coronary artery disease. The underlying mechanisms were understudied, especially in relation to coronary stenosis leading to myocardial ischemia. Advances in computed tomography (CT) allow for novel quantification of lesion ischemia. We aim to investigate associations between air pollution exposures and fractional flow reserve on CT (CT-FFR), a measure of coronary artery blood flow. Methods: CT-FFR, which defines a ratio of maximal myocardial blood flow compared to its normal value (range: 0–100%), was characterized in 2017 patients with atherosclerosis between 2015 and 2017. Exposures to ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were estimated using high-resolution exposure models. Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the association of each air pollutant with CT-FFR and with the prevalence of clinically relevant myocardial ischemia (CT-FFR <75%). Results: Participants were on average 60.1 years old. Annual mean O3, NO2, PM2.5 were 61, 47 and 60 µg/m3, respectively. Mean CT-FFR value was 76.9%. In the main analysis, a higher level of O3 was associated with a lower CT-FFR value (-1.74%, 95% CI: -2.85, -0.63 per 8 µg/m3) and a higher prevalence of myocardial ischemia (odds ratio: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.05–1.65), adjusting for potential confounders such as risk factors and plaque phenotypes, independent of the effects of exposure to NO2 and PM2.5. No associations were observed for PM2.5 or NO2 with CT-FFR. Conclusions: Long-term exposure to O3 is associated with lower CT-FFR value in atherosclerotic patients, indicating higher risk of lesion ischemia.
From Predominance to Participation: Recasting U.S. Role in Southern Asia - An Indian Perspective
Creators: name: Banerjee, Jyotirmoy
Publisher: name: Internationales Asienforum
Year: 2018

description: This is an age of unprecedented flux. Contradictory tendencies like economic cooperation and political rivalry characterize today the relationship between the superpowers blurring the neatly drawn lines of the cold war days. Powerful forces of nationalistic self-assertion in the Third World join quite the opposite forces of interdependence operating on a global scale. The old international structure is clearly crumbling; vision of a new one remains at best opaque. And yet, the need is clearly felt for a new international interaction pattern; a new "action system", to project Talcott Parsons' concept ' on a transnational scale.
description: Internationales Asienforum, Bd. 8 Nr. 3-4 (1977): Internationales Asienforum
title: Open-Source Large Language Models in Radiology: A Review and Tutorial for Practical Research and Clinical Deployment
Creators: name: Savage, Cody H.
name: Kanhere, Adway
name: Parekh, Vishwa
name: Langlotz, Curtis P.
name: Joshi, Anupam
name: Huang, Heng
name: Doo, Florence X.
Publisher: name: RSNA
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Large Language Models
subject: UMBC Cybersecurity Institute
subject: Prompt Engineering
subject: Retrieval-Augmented Generation
subject: Radiology
subject: Computational Infrastructure

description: Integrating large language models (LLMs) into health care holds substantial potential to enhance clinical workflows and care delivery. However, LLMs also pose serious risks if integration is not thoughtfully executed, with complex challenges spanning accuracy, accessibility, privacy, and regulation. Proprietary commercial LLMs (eg, GPT-4 [OpenAI], Claude 3 Sonnet and Claude 3 Opus [Anthropic], Gemini [Google]) have received much attention from researchers in the medical domain, including radiology. Interestingly, open-source LLMs (eg, Llama 3 and LLaVA-Med) have received comparatively little attention. Yet, open-source LLMs hold several key advantages over proprietary LLMs for medical institutions, hospitals, and individual researchers. The wider adoption of open-source LLMs has been slower, perhaps in part due to the lack of familiarity, accessible computational infrastructure, and community-built tools to streamline their local implementation and customize them for specific use cases. Thus, this article provides a tutorial for the implementation of open-source LLMs in radiology, including examples of commonly used tools for text generation and techniques for troubleshooting issues with prompt engineering, retrieval-augmented generation, and fine-tuning. Implementation-ready code for each tool is provided at https://github.com/UM2ii/Open-Source-LLM-Tools-for-Radiology. In addition, this article compares the benefits and drawbacks of open-source and proprietary LLMs, discusses the differentiating characteristics of popular open-source LLMs, and highlights recent advancements that may affect their adoption.
title: Dietary Predictors of Urinary Biomarkers of Pyrethroids in the General Population – A Scoping Review
Creators: name: Koyratty, Nadia
name: Olson, James R.
name: Kawyn, Marissa
name: Curl, Cynthia L.
name: Kordas, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: diet
subject: food
subject: pesticide
subject: pyrethroid
subject: nutrition
subject: UMBC Disaster Health Research Lab

description: Background Pyrethroid pesticides are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, contributing to chronic and potentially harmful exposure among the general population. Although studies have measured pesticide residues on agricultural products, the link between food intake and concentrations of pyrethroid biomarkers in urine remains unclear. Objective This scoping review aims to analyze peer-reviewed publications investigating dietary predictors of pyrethroid exposure through urinary biomarkers. We assess existing evidence, identify research gaps, and highlight current limitations. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search using PubMed and Google Scholar. Eligible studies examined associations between diets, food items or dietary components, and measured urinary pyrethroid biomarkers. No geographical restriction was applied to our search. Results were summarized in themes referring to study characteristics, relevant outcomes, biomarker measurement, dietary assessment and statistical analyses. Results We identified 20 relevant articles. Most studies presented evidence on associations between the consumption of organic diets or food items and reduced concentrations of 3-phenobenzoic acid metabolites in urine. There was less evidence for diet affecting other pyrethroid-specific biomarkers. Dietary assessment methodologies and recall periods varied, as did the number and timing of urine collections. Many studies did not control for potential alternative pyrethroid sources, exposure to other pesticides, or demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Conclusion Researchers should consider standardized dietary assessment, chemical analyses of foods consumed, adequate recall time, and food preparation methods. Consistency in biomarker measurement, including urine collection time and corrections for specific gravity or creatinine, is needed. Ensuring the validity of such studies also requires larger samples and appropriate control for confounders.
Distribution of Jats According to Settlement Altitudes in Middle-Nepal
Creators: name: Frank, Walter A.
Publisher: name: Internationales Asienforum
Year: 2018

description: Nepal is a country of extreme diversities. The altitudes range from a mere 70 m above sea level in her southern plains up to the highest peak of the world with almost 9.000 m. The distance between these two levels is only 120 km, and within this short distance all the climatical zones of the earth can be found, with their corresponding flora and fauna. Whilst the general direction of the mountain ranges is roughly east to west, all the great rivers flow transversally north to south. The population is multi ethnical and even multi-racial. To complicate the matter further, ethnic groups have no separate settlement areas, but the settlement pattern is a thoroughly mixed one, with ethnic majorities here and there. Since 1969 I attempt to work out an ethnical demography of the country. The first results, concerning the middle part of the country, were published in 1974. They cover an area of about 1/4 of the country and approximately 1/3 of her population.
description: Internationales Asienforum, Bd. 8 Nr. 3-4 (1977): Internationales Asienforum
title: Demand-Side Approaches: Supporting Healthier Food Choices
Creators: name: Kim, Sunny S.
name: Koyratty, Nadia
name: Blake, Christian E.
name: Kumar, Neha
Publisher: name: IFPRI
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: UMBC Disaster Health Research Lab

description: Understanding the drivers of individual food choices, consumer behavior, and food demand is essential to reshaping food systems
title: How to Do Accompaniment
Creators: name: Fouts, Sarah
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: ethnography
subject: accompaniment
subject: immigration
subject: labor
subject: activist research

description: This essay examines the integration of accompaniment methodology with public humanities and policy work through case studies from activist research in New Orleans. The concept of accompaniment involves providing active, supportive engagement alongside marginalized communities to address systemic barriers and foster mutual understandings. This essay highlights how accompaniment can provide support in navigating bureaucratic challenges and inform immigration policy. It also explores how accompaniment can inform public humanities work, like the development of a digital timeline and physical exhibition documenting Black labor history in New Orleans. This approach underscores the transformative potential of combining accompaniment with public humanities to enhance community empowerment, inform policy, and challenge systemic inequities. By engaging with community experiences and integrating insights from both historical and contemporary struggles, this essay chronicles the development of accompaniment methodology and shows how this approach can enrich public humanities scholarship and policy work, creating more inclusive and responsive solutions to social challenges. Accompaniment serves as a vital tool for bridging academic inquiry with social justice, making public humanities research more relevant, ethical, equitable, and impactful.
Wage Administration in Japan
Creators: name: Sakurabayashi, Makoto
Publisher: name: Internationales Asienforum
Year: 2018

description: The real wage per man. hour of Japanese and German production workers in manufacturing in 1974 was 49 %, and 82 % respectively, that of their colleagues in the U.S. In 1972, the labor cost/sales ratio of Japanese top-ranking firms in given industries was much less than that of the German firms; it was 6.9 % vs. 27-9 % in auto and 12.9 % vs. 22.1 % in steel industry, respectively.
description: Internationales Asienforum, Bd. 8 Nr. 3-4 (1977): Internationales Asienforum
Sprache und Religion im Konflikt zwischen ethnischen Gruppen
Creators: name: Imhasly, Bernard
Publisher: name: Internationales Asienforum
Year: 2018

description: Der folgende Bericht fußt auf einer Forschungsarbeit, die im Jahr 1973 in Bangladesh durchgefuhrt wurde. Er beschreibt die Ursachen und die Genese des Konflikts zwischen der Minderheit der "Biharis" und den autonomistischen Bengalen, der während des Unabhängigkeitskampfes von Bangladesh zu zahlreichen gegenseitigen Massakern und schließlich zur Auflösung der Biharis als ethnischer Minderheit führte.
description: Internationales Asienforum, Bd. 8 Nr. 3-4 (1977): Internationales Asienforum