cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing the survival rate of teeth and implants in patients after tumor therapy to the head and neck region : Part 1 : Tooth survival
Creators: name: Schweyen, Ramona Maria
name: Reich, Waldemar
name: Vordermark, Dirk
name: Kuhnt, Thomas
name: Wienke, Andreas
name: Hey, Jeremias
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610

description: We aimed to evaluate possible factors influencing the long-term survival of teeth after tumor therapy (TT) to the head and neck region with and without radiation. Between January 2019 and January 2020, patients who underwent TT for head and neck cancer and received dental treatment before and after TT at the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg were enrolled in the study. Clinical examination with assessment of dental status and stimulated salivary flow rate (SFR) was performed and information about disease progression and therapy was retrieved from medical records. Of 118 patients (male: 70.3%; mean age: 63.2 ± 12.4 years), 95 received radiotherapy (RT), and 47 were administered radio-chemotherapy (RCT). The teeth of irradiated patients exhibited a lower 5-year survival probability (74.2%) than those of non-irradiated patients (89.4%). The risk of loss (RL) after RT increased with nicotine use, presence of intraoral defects, reduced SFR, RCT and regarding mandibular teeth, and decreased with crowning following TT. Lower SFR increased the RL even without RT. Consideration of patient’s treatment history, individual risk profile, and clinical findings during the prosthetic planning phase could enable earlier, more targeted dental treatment after TT (e.g., timely crowning).
Accurate identification of bacteriophages from metagenomic data using Transformer
Creators: name: Shang, Jiayu
name: Tang, Xubo
name: Guo, Ruocheng
name: Sun, Yanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Motivation: Bacteriophages are viruses infecting bacteria. Being key players in microbial communities, they can regulate the composition/function of microbiome by infecting their bacterial hosts and mediating gene transfer. Recently, metagenomic sequencing, which can sequence all genetic materials from various microbiome, has become a popular means for new phage discovery. However, accurate and comprehensive detection of phages from the metagenomic data remains difficult. High diversity/abundance, and limited reference genomes pose major challenges for recruiting phage fragments from metagenomic data. Existing alignment-based or learning-based models have either low recall or precision on metagenomic data. Results: In this work, we adopt the state-of-the-art language model, Transformer, to conduct contextual embedding for phage contigs. By constructing a protein-cluster vocabulary, we can feed both the protein composition and the proteins' positions from each contig into the Transformer. The Transformer can learn the protein organization and associations using the self-attention mechanism and predicts the label for test contigs. We rigorously tested our developed tool named PhaMer on multiple datasets with increasing difficulty, including quality RefSeq genomes, short contigs, simulated metagenomic data, mock metagenomic data, and the public IMG/VR dataset. All the experimental results show that PhaMer outperforms the state-of-the-art tools. In the real metagenomic data experiment, PhaMer improves the F1-score of phage detection by 27\%.
description: 15 phages, 11 figures
The nomenclature of Caeoma ornithogali, Uredo ornithogali, Uromyces ornithogali and Uromyces acutatus revisited
Creators: name: Braun, Uwe
name: Kuyper, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: Schlechtendalia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 000

description: Braun, U. & Kuyper, T. W. 2023: Die Nomenklatur von Caeoma ornithogali, Uredo ornithogali, Uromyces ornithogali und Uromyces acutatus erneut aufgegriffen. Schlechtendalia 40: 348–352. Die Typisierungen von Caeoma ornithogali und Uredo ornithogali, früher gewöhnlich als Synonyme zu Ustilago ornithogali gestellt, wurden überprüft. Eine frühere Lectotypisierung des Namens Uredo ornithogali wurde gefunden und die früher vorgeschlagene ‚Lectotypisierung‘ von Caeoma ornithogali wird diskutiert und korrigiert. Der ‚Lectotypus‘ kann, nach Art. 9.1. Note 1, als Holotypus betrachtet werden. Weiterhin wird die verwirrende Geschichte der Nomenklatur des früher als Uromyces ornithogali bezeichneten Gagea-Rosts kritisch besprochen. Der korrekte Namen für diesen Rost, U. acutatus, wird auf Grundlage einer Neuuntersuchung von Typusmaterial lectotypisiert.
description: Braun, U. & Kuyper, T. W. 2023: The nomenclature of Caeoma ornithogali, Uredo ornithogali, Uromyces ornithogali and Uromyces acutatus revisited. Schlechtendalia 40: 348–352. The typifications of Caeoma ornithogali and Uredo ornithogali, previously usually treated as synonyms of Ustilago ornithogali, are reconsidered. A previous lectotypification of the name Uredo ornithogali has been traced, and the previously designated ‘lectotypification’ of Caeoma ornithogali is discussed and corrected. The ‘lectotype’ can be regarded as holotype, according to Art. 9.1. Note 1. Furthermore, the confused history of the nomenclature of the Gagea rust, previously referred to as Uromyces ornithogali, is critically discussed. The correct name for this rust, U. acutatus, is lectotypified, based on a re-examination of type material.
The gender gap in land sciences : a review of women’s presence on the editorial boards of peer-reviewed journals
Creators: name: Mohammadi Hamidi, Somayeh
name: Rezaei-Pandari, Mohammad
name: Fakheran, Sima
name: Fürst, Christine
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 550

description: Women are disadvantaged across all stages of academic publishing. In science, contribution to editorial boards of journals is evidence of a high reputation within a specialty or field. Therefore, the low presence of women on editorial boards can be considered a disadvantage indicator for women in academia. This study aims to highlight the gap in women’s contributions in land science journals. We assessed the gender composition of editorial boards in 60 peer-reviewed journals using systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and we obtained data on current and past editorial boards of these journals. The result shows that the current number of editorial board members is 5197 of which only 25.47 percent are women. Gender inequality is very evident in this group of journals to the extent that journals with a high impact factor indicate inequality that is even more than 75 percent. The results of the time series analysis have also shown that the presence of women on editorial boards has increased over the last decade, although this increase has been more in the Nordic countries. The geographical distribution of editorial board members is also quite unequal in the North and South, 83 percent of female editorial board members are from northern countries, while only 12 percent are from the global South. According to the results, there is still a long way to go to achieve gender equality, especially in the field of land science. Our results also support previous findings of a considerable gender difference in urban land science, geoscience community, biodiversity conservation, and veterinary sciences. Thus, the academic community, editors, and journals must take proactive measures to achieve gender balance.
On an Anisotropic Fractional Stefan-Type Problem with Dirichlet Boundary Conditions
Creators: name: Lo, Catharine W. K.
name: Rodrigues, José Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work, we consider the fractional Stefan-type problem in a Lipschitz bounded domain $Ω\subset\mathbb{R}^d$ with time-dependent Dirichlet boundary condition for the temperature $\vartheta=\vartheta(x,t)$, $\vartheta=g$ on $Ω^c\times]0,T[$, and initial condition $η_0$ for the enthalpy $η=η(x,t)$, given in $Ω\times]0,T[$ by \[\frac{\partial η}{\partial t} +\mathcal{L}_A^s \vartheta= f\quad\text{ with }η\in β(\vartheta),\] where $\mathcal{L}_A^s$ is an anisotropic fractional operator defined in the distributional sense by \[\langle\mathcal{L}_A^su,v\rangle=\int_{\mathbb{R}^d}AD^su\cdot D^sv\,dx,\] $β$ is a maximal monotone graph, $A(x)$ is a symmetric, strictly elliptic and uniformly bounded matrix, and $D^s$ is the distributional Riesz fractional gradient for $0
description: Final version, to appear in Mathematics in Engineering
Experimental demonstration of acoustic wave induced magnetization switching of dipole coupled magnetostrictive nanomagnets for ultralow power computing
Creators: name: Sampath, Vimal
name: DSouza, Noel
name: Atkinson, Gary
name: Bandyopadhyay, Supriyo
name: Atulasimha, Jayasimha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report nanomagnetic switching with Acoustic Waves (AW) launched from interdigitated electrodes that modulate the stress anisotropy of elliptical cobalt nanoscale magnetostrictive magnets (340 nm x 270 nm x 12 nm) delineated on 128 degree Y-cut lithium niobate. The dipole-coupled nanomagnet pairs are in a single-domain state and are initially magnetized along the major axis of the ellipse, with their magnetizations parallel to each other. The magnetizations of nanomagnets having lower shape anisotropy are reversed upon acoustic wave propagation. Thereafter, the magnetization of these nanomagnets remains in the reversed state and demonstrate non-volatility. This executes a 'NOT' operation. This proof of acoustic wave induced magnetic state reversal in dipole-coupled nanomagnets implementing a 'NOT' gate operation could potentially lead to the development of extremely energy-efficient nanomagnetic logic. Furthermore, fabrication complexity is reduced immensely due to the absence of individual contacts to the nanomagnets, leading to lower energy dissipation
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1601.02081
The signaling pathways induced by exosomes in promoting diabetic wound healing : a mini-review
Creators: name: Wang, Yanying
name: Zhu, Jiayan
name: Chen, Jing
name: Xu, Ruojiao
name: Groth, Thomas
name: Wan, Haitong
name: Zhou, Guoying
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Impaired healing of diabetic wounds harms patients’ quality of life and even leads to disability and death, which is an urgent issue to be solved clinically. Despite the great progress that has been achieved, it remains a worldwide challenge to develop effective therapeutic treatments for diabetic wounds. Recently, exosomes have attracted special attention because they can be involved in immune response, antigen presentation, cell migration, cell differentiation, tumor invasion and other processes. Meanwhile, exosomes have been proven to hold great potential in the treatment of diabetic wounds. Mechanistic studies of exosomes based on signaling pathways could not only help to uncover the mechanisms by which exosomes promote diabetic wound healing but could also provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of exosomes. Herein, our mini-review aims to summarize the progress of research on the use of various exosomes derived from different cell types to promote diabetic wound healing, with a focus on the classical signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, Wnt, NF-κB, MAPK, Notch, Nrf2, HIF-1α/VEGF and TGF-β/Smad. The results show that exosomes could regulate these signaling pathways to down-regulate inflammation, reduce oxidative stress, increase angiogenesis, promote fibroblast proliferation, induce re-epithelization and inhibit scar formation, making exosomes attractive candidates for the treatment of diabetic wounds.
Measuring Disparate Outcomes of Content Recommendation Algorithms with Distributional Inequality Metrics
Creators: name: Lazovich, Tomo
name: Belli, Luca
name: Gonzales, Aaron
name: Bower, Amanda
name: Tantipongpipat, Uthaipon
name: Lum, Kristian
name: Huszar, Ferenc
name: Chowdhury, Rumman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The harmful impacts of algorithmic decision systems have recently come into focus, with many examples of systems such as machine learning (ML) models amplifying existing societal biases. Most metrics attempting to quantify disparities resulting from ML algorithms focus on differences between groups, dividing users based on demographic identities and comparing model performance or overall outcomes between these groups. However, in industry settings, such information is often not available, and inferring these characteristics carries its own risks and biases. Moreover, typical metrics that focus on a single classifier's output ignore the complex network of systems that produce outcomes in real-world settings. In this paper, we evaluate a set of metrics originating from economics, distributional inequality metrics, and their ability to measure disparities in content exposure in a production recommendation system, the Twitter algorithmic timeline. We define desirable criteria for metrics to be used in an operational setting, specifically by ML practitioners. We characterize different types of engagement with content on Twitter using these metrics, and use these results to evaluate the metrics with respect to the desired criteria. We show that we can use these metrics to identify content suggestion algorithms that contribute more strongly to skewed outcomes between users. Overall, we conclude that these metrics can be useful tools for understanding disparate outcomes in online social networks.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Protocolo-Side effects of atypical antipsychotics. A systematic review.pdf
Creators: name: García Bravo, Joseph
name: Flores Mosquera, Karem Manuela
name: Cueva, Melisa
name: Icaza Cortez, Melany Dalila
name: Erazo, María José
name: Trujillo, Anthony
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 320221
subject: Psychiatry (incl. psychotherapy)

description: Atypical antipsychotics, also known as second-generation antipsychotics, have revolutionized the treatment of psychotic disorders in recent decades. These medications have demonstrated efficacy in controlling both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, as well as in the treatment of other psychotic disorders. However, despite their therapeutic benefits, atypical antipsychotics are also associated with a range of side effects. In this review, we aim to examine the most common adverse effects associated with the use of atypical antipsychotics in patients. It is important to note that the incidence and severity of these effects may vary among different atypical antipsychotic agents and also among individuals receiving treatment. However, there are some adverse effects that have been reported more frequently and warrant special attention. One of the most common adverse effects is weight gain and alteration of lipid metabolism. Certain atypical antipsychotics, such as olanzapine and clozapine, have been associated with an increased risk of weight gain, dyslipidemia, and the development of metabolic syndrome. These effects may predispose patients to cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, needing careful monitoring and appropriate management strategies.
An Isomorphism Extension Theorem for Landau-Ginzburg B-Models
Creators: name: Cordner, Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Landau-Ginzburg mirror symmetry studies isomorphisms between A- and B-models, which are graded Frobenius algebras that are constructed using a weighted homogeneous polynomial $W$ and a related group of symmetries $G$ of $W$. It is known that given two polynomials $W_{1}$, $W_{2}$ with the same weights and same group $G$, the corresponding A-models built with ($W_{1}$,$G$) and ($W_{2}$,$G$) are isomorphic. Though the same result cannot hold in full generality for B-models, which correspond to orbifolded Milnor rings, we provide a partial analogue. In particular, we exhibit conditions where isomorphisms between unorbifolded B-models (or Milnor rings) can extend to isomorphisms between their corresponding orbifolded B-models (or orbifolded Milnor rings).
description: 10 pages
The insecticide imidacloprid decreases nannotrigona stingless bee survival and food consumption and modulates the expression of detoxification and immune-related genes
Creators: name: Naggar, Yahya
name: Estrella-Maldonado, Humberto
name: Paxton, Robert J.
name: Solís, Teresita
name: Quezada-Euán, J. Javier G.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 595

description: Stingless bees are ecologically and economically important species in the tropics and subtropics, but there has been little research on the characterization of detoxification systems and immune responses within them. This is critical for understanding their responses to, and defenses against, a variety of environmental stresses, including agrochemicals. Therefore, we studied the detoxification and immune responses of a stingless bee, Nanotrigona perilampoides, which is an important stingless bee that is widely distributed throughout Mexico, including urban areas, and has the potential to be used in commercial pollination. We first determined the LC50 of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid for foragers of N. perilampoides, then chronically exposed bees for 10 days to imidacloprid at two field-realistic concentrations, LC10 (0.45 ng/µL) or LC20 (0.74 ng/µL), which are respectively 2.7 and 1.3-fold lower than the residues of imidacloprid that have been found in honey (6 ng/g) in central Mexico. We found that exposing N. perilampoides stingless bees to imidacloprid at these concentrations markedly reduced bee survival and food consumption, revealing the great sensitivity of this stingless bee to the insecticide in comparison to honey bees. The expression of detoxification (GSTD1) and immune-related genes (abaecin, defensin1, and hymenopteacin) in N. perilampoides also changed over time in response to imidacloprid. Gene expression was always lower in bees after 8 days of exposure to imidacloprid (LC10 or LC20) than it was after 4 days. Our results demonstrate that N. perilampoides stingless bees are extremely sensitive to imidacloprid, even at low concentrations, and provide greater insight into how stingless bees respond to pesticide toxicity. This is the first study of its kind to look at detoxification systems and immune responses in Mexican stingless bees, an ecologically and economically important taxon.
Substituent-Controlled Reversible Switching of Charge-Injection-Barrier Heights at Metal/Organic-Semiconductor Contacts Modified with Disordered Molecular Monolayers
Creators: name: Nouchi, Ryo
name: Tanimoto, Takaaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrically stimulated switching of a charge injection barrier at the interface between an organic semiconductor and an electrode modified with a disordered monolayer (DM) is studied by using various benzenethiol derivatives as DM molecules. The switching behavior is induced by a structural change in the DM molecules, and is manifested as a reversible inversion of the polarity of DM-modified Au electrode/rubrene/DM-modified Au electrode diodes. The switching direction is found to be dominantly determined by the push-back effect of the thiol bonding group, while the terminal group modulates the switching strength. A device with 1,2-benzenedithiol DMs exhibited the highest switching ratios of 20, 100, and 1000 for the switching voltages of 3, 5, and 7 V, respectively. A variation in the tilt angle of benzenethiol DMs owing to the application of 7 V is estimated to be smaller than 23.6 degrees by model calculations. This study offers an understanding for obtaining highly stable operations of organic electronic devices, especially with molecular modification layers.
description: This document is the unedited Author's version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in ACS Nano, copyright \c{opyright} American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work see the link below
Vaccination nudges: A study of pre-booked COVID-19 vaccinations in Sweden
Creators: name: Bonander, Carl
name: Ekman, Mats
name: Jakobsson, Niklas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: A nudge changes people's actions without removing their options or altering their incentives. During the COVID-19 vaccine rollout, the Swedish Region of Uppsala sent letters with pre-booked appointments to inhabitants aged 16-17 instead of opening up manual appointment booking. Using regional and municipal vaccination data, we document a higher vaccine uptake among 16- to 17-year-olds in Uppsala compared to untreated control regions (constructed using the synthetic control method as well as neighboring municipalities). The results highlight pre-booked appointments as a strategy for increasing vaccination rates in populations with low perceived risk.
description: 30 pages, 10 figures, 12 tables
Floquet-Landau-Zener interferometry: Usefulness of the Floquet theory in pulse-laser-driven systems
Creators: name: Ikeda, Tatsuhiko N.
name: Tanaka, Satoshi
name: Kayanuma, Yosuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the Landau-Zener transfer matrix theory for the instantaneous Floquet states (IFSs) for quantum systems driven by strong pulse lasers. Applying this theory to the pulse excitation probability in two-level quantum systems, we show unexpectedly good quantitative agreements for few-cycle pulses. This approach enables us to qualitatively understand the probability's peculiar behaviors as quantum path interference between IFSs. We also study the pulse-width dependence, finding that this Floquet-state interpretation remains useful for shorter pulses down to 2-cycle ones in the present model. These results imply that the Floquet theory is meaningful in experimental few-cycle lasers if applied appropriately in the sense of IFSs.
description: 9+6 pages, 12 figures; v2 reference added
The Black Hole Mass Function from Gravitational Wave Measurements
Creators: name: Kovetz, Ely D.
name: Cholis, Ilias
name: Breysse, Patrick C.
name: Kamionkowski, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine how future gravitational-wave measurements from merging black holes (BHs) can be used to infer the shape of the black-hole mass function, with important implications for the study of star formation and evolution and the properties of binary BHs. We model the mass function as a power law, inherited from the stellar initial mass function, and introduce lower and upper mass cutoff parameterizations in order to probe the minimum and maximum BH masses allowed by stellar evolution, respectively. We initially focus on the heavier BH in each binary, to minimize model dependence. Taking into account the experimental noise, the mass measurement errors and the uncertainty in the redshift-dependence of the merger rate, we show that the mass function parameters, as well as the total rate of merger events, can be measured to <10% accuracy within a few years of advanced LIGO observations at its design sensitivity. This can be used to address important open questions such as the upper limit on the stellar mass which allows for BH formation and to confirm or refute the currently observed mass gap between neutron stars and BHs. In order to glean information on the progenitors of the merging BH binaries, we then advocate the study of the two-dimensional mass distribution to constrain parameters that describe the two-body system, such as the mass ratio between the two BHs, in addition to the merger rate and mass function parameters. We argue that several years of data collection can efficiently probe models of binary formation, and show, as an example, that the hypothesis that some gravitational-wave events may involve primordial black holes can be tested. Finally, we point out that in order to maximize the constraining power of the data, it may be worthwhile to lower the signal-to-noise threshold imposed on each candidate event and amass a larger statistical ensemble of BH mergers.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures; To be submitted to PRD; Comments welcome
Spectral sirens: cosmology from the full mass distribution of compact binaries
Creators: name: Ezquiaga, Jose María
name: Holz, Daniel E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the use of the mass spectrum of neutron stars and black holes in gravitational-wave compact binary sources as a cosmological probe. These standard siren sources provide direct measurements of luminosity distance. In addition, features in the mass distribution, such as mass gaps or peaks, will redshift, and thus provide independent constraints on their redshift distribution. We argue that the entire mass spectrum should be utilized to provide cosmological constraints. For example, we find that the mass spectrum of LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA events introduces at least five independent mass ``features'': the upper and lower edges of the pair instability supernova (PISN) gap, the upper and lower edges of the neutron star--black hole gap, and the minimum neutron star mass. We find that although the PISN gap dominates the cosmological inference with current detectors (2G), as shown in previous work, it is the lower mass gap that will provide the most powerful constraints in the era of Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope (3G). By using the full mass distribution, we demonstrate that degeneracies between mass evolution and cosmological evolution can be broken, unless an astrophysical conspiracy shifts all features of the full mass distribution simultaneously following the (non-trivial) Hubble diagram evolution. We find that this self-calibrating ``spectral siren'' method has the potential to provide precision constraints of both cosmology and the evolution of the mass distribution, with 2G achieving better than $10\%$ precision on $H(z)$ at $z\lesssim1$ within a year, and 3G reaching $\lesssim1\%$ at $z\gtrsim2$ within one month.
description: Matches PRL published version
Lyman-alpha and CIII] Emission in z=7-9 Galaxies: Accelerated Reionization Around Luminous Star Forming Systems?
Creators: name: Stark, Daniel P.
name: Ellis, Richard S.
name: Charlot, Stephane
name: Chevallard, Jacopo
name: Tang, Mengtao
name: Belli, Sirio
name: Zitrin, Adi
name: Mainali, Ramesh
name: Gutkin, Julia
name: Vidal-Garcia, Alba
name: Bouwens, Rychard
name: Oesch, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss new Keck/MOSFIRE spectroscopic observations of four luminous galaxies at z~7-9 selected to have intense optical line emission by Roberts-Borsani et al. (2016). Previous follow-up has revealed Lyman-alpha in two of the four galaxies. Our new MOSFIRE observations confirm that Lyman-alpha is present in the entire sample. We detect Lyman-alpha emission in COS-zs7-1, confirming its redshift as z=7.154, and we detect Lyman-alpha in EGS-zs8-2 at z=7.477, verifying a tentative detection presented in an earlier study. The ubiquity of Lyman-alpha in this sample is puzzling given that the IGM is likely significantly neutral over 77 is expected to be strongly luminosity-dependent, with the most effective transmission occurring in systems with intense star formation.
description: Submitted to MNRAS, 13 pages, 8 figures
Composite excitonic states in doped semiconductors
Creators: name: Van Tuan, Dinh
name: Dery, Hanan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical model of composite excitonic states in doped semiconductors. Many-body interactions between a photoexcited electron-hole pair and the electron gas are integrated into a computationally tractable few-body problem, solved by the variational method. We focus on electron-doped ML-MoSe$_2$ and ML-WSe$_2$ due to the contrasting character of their conduction bands. In both cases, the core of the composite is a tightly-bound trion (two electrons and valence-band hole), surrounded by a region depleted of electrons. The composite in ML-WSe$_2$ further includes a satellite electron with different quantum numbers. The theory is general and can be applied to semiconductors with various energy-band properties, allowing one to calculate their excitonic states and to quantify the interaction with the Fermi sea.
Hexcitons and oxcitons in monolayer WSe$_2$
Creators: name: Van Tuan, Dinh
name: Shi, Su-Fei
name: Xu, Xiaodong
name: Crooker, Scott A.
name: Dery, Hanan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the archetypal monolayer semiconductor WSe$_2$, the distinct ordering of spin-polarized valleys (low-energy pockets) in the conduction band allows for studies of not only simple neutral excitons and charged excitons (i.e., trions), but also more complex many-body states that are predicted at higher electron densities. We discuss magneto-optical measurements of electron-rich WSe$_2$ monolayers, and interpret the spectral lines that emerge at high electron doping as optical transitions of 6-body exciton states ("hexcitons") and 8-body exciton states ("oxcitons"). These many-body states emerge when a photoexcited electron-hole pair interacts simultaneously with multiple Fermi seas, each having distinguishable spin and valley quantum numbers. In addition, we identify the energies of primary and satellite optical transitions of hexcitons in the photoluminescence spectrum.
Superconducting Instabilities in Strongly-Correlated Infinite-Layer Nickelates
Creators: name: Kreisel, Andreas
name: Andersen, Brian M.
name: Rømer, Astrid T.
name: Eremin, Ilya M.
name: Lechermann, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelates has added a new family of materials to the fascinating growing class of unconventional superconductors. By incorporating the strongly correlated multi-orbital nature of the low-energy electronic degrees of freedom, we compute the leading superconducting instability from magnetic fluctuations relevant for infinite-layer nickelates. Specifically, by properly including the doping dependence of the Ni $d_{x^2-y^2}$ and $d_{z^2}$ orbitals as well as the self-doping band, we uncover a transition from $d$-wave pairing symmetry to nodal $s_\pm$ superconductivity, driven by strong fluctuations in the $d_{z^2}$-dominated orbital states. We discuss the properties of the resulting superconducting condensates in light of recent tunneling and penetration depth experiments probing the detailed superconducting gap structure of these materials.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, supplement included
Rough or crumpled: Phases in kinetic growth with surface relaxation
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Sudip
name: Basu, Abhik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that generic kinetic growth processes with surface relaxations can exhibit a new crumpled phase with short-range orientational order at dimensions $d<4$. A sufficiently strong spatially non-local part of the chemical potential associated with the particle current above a threshold in the system can trigger this crumpling. The system can also be in a perturbatively accessible rough phase with long range orientational order but short range positional order at $d<4$ with known scaling exponents. Intriguingly, in $d>4$ we argue that there is no crumpling transition; instead, there is a roughening transition from a smooth to a rough phase for large enough non-local particle current. Experimental and theoretical implications of these results are discussed.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Scattering Amplitudes and BCFW in $\mathcal{N}=2^{\ast}$ Theory
Creators: name: Abhishek, Md.
name: Hegde, Subramanya
name: Jatkar, Dileep P.
name: Saha, Arnab Priya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use massive spinor helicity formalism to study scattering amplitudes in $\mathcal{N}=2^*$ super-Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions. We compute the amplitudes at an arbitrary point in the Coulomb branch of this theory. We compute amplitudes using projection from $\mathcal{N}=4$ theory and write three point amplitudes in a convenient form using special kinematics. We then compute four point amplitudes by carrying out massive BCFW shifts of the amplitudes. We find some of the shifted amplitudes have a pole at $z=\infty$. Taking the residue at $z=\infty$ into account ensures little group covariance of the final result.
description: Elaborating the introduction and some sections. Two references are added. Some typos are corrected
Nonlocal Galileons and Self-Acceleration
Creators: name: Gabadadze, Gregory
name: Yu, Siqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A certain class of nonlocal theories eliminates an arbitrary cosmological constant (CC) from a universe that can be perceived as our world. Dark energy then cannot be explained by a CC; it could however be due to massive gravity. We calculate the new corrections, which originate from the nonlocal terms that eliminate the CC, to the decoupling limit Lagrangian of massive gravity. The new nonlocal terms also have internal field space Galilean symmetry and are referred here as "nonlocal Galileons." We then study a self-accelerated solution and show that the new nonlocal terms change the perturbative stability analysis. In particular, small fluctuations are now stable and non-superluminal for some simple parameter choices, whereas for the same choices the pure massive gravity fluctuations are unstable. We also study stable spherically symmetric solutions on this background.
description: 15 latex pages
Session 3 ePoster: Using Nextstrain to Visualize Genomic Data from the 2022 Sudan Ebolavirus Outbreak in Uganda
Creators: name: Balinandi, Stephen
name: Whitmer, Shannon
name: Mulei, Sophia
name: Nassuna, Angella C.
name: Kainulainen, Markus
name: Shedroff, Elizabeth
name: Krapiunaya, Inna
name: Scholte, Florine
name: Nyakarahuka, Luke
name: Tumusiime, Alex
name: Kyondo, Jackson
name: Baluku, Jimmy
name: Kiconco, Jocelyn
name: Lutwama, Julius
name: Shoemaker, Trevor R.
name: Montgomery, Joel
name: Kaleebu, Pontiano
name: Klena, John D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: On September 20th, 2022, the 5th Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV) outbreak since 2000 was declared in Uganda. Sudan ebolavirus is a single-stranded negative-sense RNA (ssRNA) virus in the Filovirus family that encodes seven viral proteins and has a case fatality rate of approximately 50%. Filoviruses are endemic to Africa and are hypothesized to circulate in Pteropodid bats as their natural reservoirs and can infect humans and nonhuman primates.
 The SUDV outbreak originated in the Mubende district of Central Uganda – no data currently exists as to how the outbreak started but zoonotic spread from a reservoir animal is one possible hypothesis. After a duration 113 days, the Uganda Ministry of Health announced the end of the outbreak on January 11th, 2023. During the outbreak, 142 confirmed and 22 probable cases were officially identified. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed at the Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Lab using RNA extracted from confirmed cases by either an unbiased method on Illumina technologies, or an amplicon-based method using Oxford Nanopore technologies. Overall, UVRI attempted sequencing on 129 specimens and generated 120 genomes with greater than 90% coverage from 114 unique cases.
 Here, we present how the Nextstrain tool was developed and utilized during the SUDV outbreak to share sequence and related meta-data. The Nextstrain dashboard presented phylogenetic trees, phylogeographic maps, mutation prevalence, and mutation rate. De-identified data is publicly available on Nextrain’s website allowing for efficient real-time data
 sharing. The display of geographic location, time, and sample ID also makes meta-data readily available and easily interpreted; features that are critical when responding to an outbreak.
 As outbreak data were collected, naturally occurring genotypic differences between Mubende cases and other districts became apparent, indicating mutation over time. These data can be used to evaluate competitive fitness between SUDV variants and design vaccines. Genotypic differences among sequences also made it possible to delineate unknown epidemiological linkages or transmission events. Finally, the calculated intra-outbreak mutation rate displayed in this Nextstrain build may help characterize the source of a future re-emergence event.
Measurement of the Drell-Yan forward-backward asymmetry at high dilepton masses in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry of pairs of oppositely charged leptons (dimuons and dielectrons) produced by the Drell-Yan process in proton-proton collisions is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$ collected with the CMS detector at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The asymmetry is measured as a function of lepton pair mass for masses larger than 170 GeV and compared with standard model predictions. An inclusive measurement across both channels and the full mass range yields an asymmetry of 0.612 $\pm$ 0.005 (stat) $\pm$ 0.007 (syst). As a test of lepton flavor universality, the difference between the dimuon and dielectron asymmetries is measured as well. No statistically significant deviations from standard model predictions are observed. The measurements are used to set limits on the presence of additional gauge bosons. For a Z' boson in the sequential standard model the observed (expected) 95% confidence level lower limit on the Z' mass is 4.4 (3.7) TeV.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/SMP-21-002 (CMS Public Pages)
Geometrical symmetries of nuclear systems: D(3h) and T(d) symmetries in light nuclei
Creators: name: Bijker, Roelof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of discrete (or point-group) symmetries in alpha-cluster nuclei is discussed in the framework of the algebraic cluster model which describes the relative motion of the alpha-particles. Particular attention is paid to the discrete symmetry of the geometric arrangement of the alpha-particles, and the consequences for the structure of the corresponding rotational bands. The method is applied to study cluster states in the nuclei 12C and 16O. The observed level sequences can be understood in a simple way as a consequence of the underlying discrete symmetry that characterizes the geometrical configuration of the alpha-particles, i.e. an equilateral triangle with D(3h) symmetry for 12C, and a tetrahedron with T(d) symmetry for 16O. The structure of rotational bands provides a fingerprint of the underlying geometrical configuration of alpha-particles.
description: 27 pages, 20 figures, 3 tables. Invited comment, Physica Scripta, Focus Issue of Nuclear Structure: Celebrating the 75 Nobel Prize
Relation between Quantum Coherence and Quantum Entanglement in Quantum Measurements
Creators: name: Kim, Ho-Joon
name: Lee, Soojoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum measurement is a class of quantum channels that sends quantum states to classical states. We set up resource theories of quantum coherence and quantum entanglement for quantum measurements and find relations between them. For this, we conceive a relative entropy type quantity to account for the quantum resources of quantum measurements. The quantum coherence of a quantum measurement can be converted into the entanglement in a bipartite quantum measurement through coherence-non generating transformations. Conversely, a quantum entanglement monotone of quantum measurements induces a quantum coherence monotone of quantum measurement. Our results confirm that the understanding on the link between quantum coherence and quantum entanglement is valid even for quantum measurements which do not generate any quantum resource.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures
Cavity-mediated electron-photon pairs
Creators: name: Feist, A.
name: Huang, G.
name: Arend, G.
name: Yang, Y.
name: Henke, J. -W.
name: Raja, A. S.
name: Kappert, F. J.
name: Wang, R. N.
name: Lourenço-Martins, H.
name: Qiu, Z.
name: Liu, J.
name: Kfir, O.
name: Kippenberg, T. J.
name: Ropers, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Advancing quantum information, communication and sensing relies on the generation and control of quantum correlations in complementary degrees of freedom. Here, we demonstrate the preparation of electron-photon pair states using the phase-matched interaction of free electrons with the evanescent vacuum field of a photonic-chip-based optical microresonator. Spontaneous inelastic scattering produces intracavity photons coincident with energy-shifted electrons. Harnessing these pairs for correlation-enhanced imaging, we achieve a two-orders of magnitude contrast improvement in cavity-mode mapping by coincidence-gated electron spectroscopy. This parametric pair-state preparation will underpin the future development of free-electron quantum optics, providing a pathway to quantum-enhanced imaging, electron-photon entanglement, and heralded single-electron and Fock-state photon sources.
The generalized quasiharmonic approximation via space group irreducible derivatives
Creators: name: Mathis, Mark A.
name: Khanolkar, Amey
name: Fu, Lyuwen
name: Bryan, Matthew S.
name: Dennett, Cody A.
name: Rickert, Karl
name: Mann, J. Matthew
name: Winn, Barry
name: Abernathy, Douglas L.
name: Manley, Michael E.
name: Hurley, David H.
name: Marianetti, Chris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quasiharmonic approximation (QHA) is the simplest nontrivial approximation for interacting phonons under constant pressure, bringing the effects of anharmonicity into temperature dependent observables. Nonetheless, the QHA is often implemented with additional approximations due to the complexity of computing phonons under arbitrary strains, and the generalized QHA, which employs constant stress boundary conditions, has not been completely developed. Here we formulate the generalized QHA, providing a practical algorithm for computing the strain state and other observables as a function of temperature and true stress. We circumvent the complexity of computing phonons under arbitrary strains by employing irreducible second order displacement derivatives of the Born-Oppenheimer potential and their strain dependence, which are efficiently and precisely computed using the lone irreducible derivative approach. We formulate two complementary strain parametrizations: a discretized strain grid interpolation and a Taylor series expansion in symmetrized strain. We illustrate our approach by evaluating the temperature and pressure dependence of the elastic constant tensor and the thermal expansion in thoria (ThO$_2$) using density functional theory with three exchange-correlation functionals. The QHA results are compared to our measurements of the elastic constant tensor using time domain Brillouin scattering and inelastic neutron scattering. Our irreducible derivative approach simplifies the implementation of the generalized QHA, which will facilitate reproducible, data driven applications.
The K2 M67 Study: An Evolved Blue Straggler in M67 from K2 Mission Asteroseismology
Creators: name: Leiner, Emily
name: Mathieu, Robert
name: Stello, Dennis
name: Vanderburg, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Yellow straggler stars (YSSs) fall above the subgiant branch in optical color-magnitude diagrams, between the blue stragglers and the red giants. YSSs may represent a population of evolved blue stragglers, but none have the direct and precise mass and radius measurements needed to determine their evolutionary states and formation histories. Here we report the first asteroseismic mass and radius measurements of such a star, the yellow straggler S1237 in the open cluster M67. We apply asteroseismic scaling relations to a frequency analysis of the Kepler K2 light curve and find a mass of 2.9 $\pm$ 0.2 M$_{\odot}$ and a radius of 9.2 $\pm$ 0.2 R$_{\odot}$. This is more than twice the mass of the main- sequence turnoff in M67, suggesting S1237 is indeed an evolved blue straggler. S1237 is the primary in a spectroscopic binary. We update the binary orbital solution and use spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting to constrain the color-magnitude diagram (CMD) location of the secondary star. We find that the secondary is likely an upper main-sequence star near the turnoff, but a slightly hotter blue straggler companion is also possible. We then compare the asteroseismic mass of the primary to its mass from CMD fitting, finding the photometry implies a mass and radius more than 2$σ$ below the asteroseismic measurement. Finally, we consider formation mechanisms for this star and suggest that S1237 may have formed from dynamical encounters resulting in stellar collisions or a binary merger.