cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
BPS defects in AdS$_{3}$ supergravity
Creators: name: Giribet, Gaston
name: Mišković, Olivera
name: Yazbek, Nahuel
name: Zanelli, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: AdS supergravity admits supersymmetric solutions that describe BPS defects. Here, we investigate such solutions in AdS$_3$ supergravity, which is formulated as a Chern-Simons theory on $\mathrm{OSp}(2|1)\,\times\, \mathrm{OSp}(2|1)$. We compute the Killing spinor equation on the BTZ geometry in different ways, looking for BPS solutions on the entire space of parameters. We focus our attention on defects that represent geometries with integer angular excesses; these correspond to specific negative values of the BTZ mass. We compare our solutions with other results in the literature, finding exact agreement. We argue that, in the semiclassical limit, the BPS defects can be associated to degenerate representations of the Virasoro symmetry at the boundary. The case of non-diagonal representations, describing stationary, non-static defects, is also discussed.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures, final version dedicated to Stanley Deser
Tachygerris adamsoni
Creators: name: Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo
name: Barbosa, Julianna Freires
name: Ribeiro, José Ricardo Inacio
name: Alecrim, Viviani Pereira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Gerridae
Tachygerris
Tachygerris adamsoni

description: Tachygerris adamsoni (Drake, 1942)
Geographical distribution: Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad & Tobago, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, and Paraguay.
Distribution in Brazil: North, Central-West, and Southeast regions (PA, AM, MT, MG, RJ) (Drake 1942; Nieser 1970c; Nieser & Melo 1997).
description: Published as part of Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo, Barbosa, Julianna Freires, Ribeiro, José Ricardo Inacio & Alecrim, Viviani Pereira, 2011, Checklist and distribution of semiaquatic and aquatic Heteroptera (Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha) occurring in Brazil 2958, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 2958 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2958.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5281851
Estimates of Cosmological Parameters Using the CMB Angular Power Spectrum of ACBAR
Creators: name: Goldstein, J. H.
name: Ade, P. A. R.
name: Bock, J. J.
name: Bond, J. R.
name: Cantalupo, C.
name: Contaldi, C. R.
name: Daub, M. D.
name: Holzapfel, W. L.
name: Kuo, C.
name: Lange, A. E.
name: Lueker, M.
name: Newcomb, M.
name: Peterson, J. B.
name: Pogosyan, D.
name: Ruhl, J. E.
name: Runyan, M. C.
name: Torbet, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an investigation of cosmological parameters based on the measurements of anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) made by ACBAR. We use the ACBAR data in concert with other recent CMB measurements to derive Bayesian estimates of parameters in inflation-motivated adiabatic cold dark matter models. We apply a series of additional cosmological constraints on the shape and amplitude of the density power spectrum, the Hubble parameter and from supernovae to further refine our parameter estimates. Previous estimates of parameters are confirmed, with sensitive measurements of the power spectrum now ranging from \ell \sim 3 to 2800. Comparing individual best model fits, we find that the addition of Ω_Λas a parameter dramatically improves the fits. We also use the high-\ell data of ACBAR, along with similar data from CBI and BIMA, to investigate potential secondary anisotropies from the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. We show that the results from the three experiments are consistent under this interpretation, and use the data, combined and individually, to estimate σ_8 from the Sunyaev-Zeldovich component.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, minor grammatical corrections, as submitted to ApJ
Commodity Exchanges and Market Development: What Have we Learned?
Creators: name: Rashid, Shahidur
name: Rashid, Shahidur
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Improving price discovery, linking smallholders to markets, reducing transactions costs, and increasing agricultural export earnings are some of the popular claims about benefits of Agricultural Commodity Exchanges (ACX) in developing countries. Based on the case studies, and a review of available literature, this paper examines the validity of these popular claims and associated public policies. Our analysis suggests that most of these popular claims cannot be supported by empirical evidence. While agricultural commodity exchanges have been successful in emerging countries, they have either failed or remain in operation with government or donor supports. Underlying reasons for the failures, considerations for future investments in such institutions, and implications for alternatives to centralized exchanges are discussed.
The self-organized critical forest-fire model on large scales
Creators: name: Schenk, Klaus
name: Drossel, Barbara
name: Schwabl, Franz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the scaling behavior of the self-organized critical forest-fire model on large length scales. As indicated in earlier publications, the forest-fire model does not show conventional critical scaling, but has two qualitatively different types of fires that superimpose to give the effective exponents typically measured in simulations. We show that this explains not only why the exponent characterizing the fire-size distribution changes with increasing correlation length, but allows also to predict its asymptotic value. We support our arguments by computer simulations of a coarse-grained model, by scaling arguments and by analyzing states that are created artificially by superimposing the two types of fires.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures
Economic and Environmental Effects of the European Biofuel Policy
Creators: name: Rasetti, Michele
name: Ferreira, Joaquim B.S.
name: Finco, Adele
name: Pena-Levano, Luis M.
name: Zhao, Xin
name: Opgrand, Jeffrey
name: Rasetti, Michele
name: Ferreira, Joaquim B.S.
name: Finco, Adele
name: Pena-Levano, Luis M.
name: Zhao, Xin
name: Opgrand, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: European biofuel policy
subject: Biodiesel
subject: GTAP-BIO
subject: Land use change
subject: GHG emissions

description: For many years, biofuels have been considered a cleaner, greener alternative to fossil fuels in order to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transportation sector. For this reason, in recent years, many European policies has tried to promote biofuels production and consumption. However, some concerns on the actual sustainability of biofuels have arisen. In particular, scientific studies have pointed out that additional emissions from indirect land-use change (ILUC) could cancel out biofuels benefits on climate change. This paper analyzes the global economic and environmental consequences of an increase in biofuel production, as established by the RE Directive, for the period 2001-2020. The GTAP-BIO general equilibrium model was used for the simulation. The results suggest a total emission of 168 gCO2/MJ per year over 20 years of biodiesel production, which would mean that the GHG reduction requirements established by the policies could not be fulfilled.
The Local Minority Game
Creators: name: Moelbert, Susanne
name: Rios, Paolo De Los
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ecologists and economists try to explain collective behavior in terms of competitive systems of selfish individuals with the ability to learn from the past. Statistical physicists have been investigating models which might contribute to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these systems. During the last three years one intuitive model, commonly referred to as the Minority Game, has attracted broad attention. Powerful yet simple, the minority game has produced encouraging results which can explain the temporal behaviour of competitive systems. Here we switch the interest to phenomena due to a distribution of the individuals in space. For analyzing these effects we modify the Minority Game and the Local Minority Game is introduced. We study the system both numerically and analytically, using the customary techniques already developped for the ordinary Minority Game.
Stationary scalar hairy configurations supported by Neumann compact stars
Creators: name: Peng, Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study stationary scalar field hairy configurations supported by asymptotically flat horizonless compact stars. At the star surface, we impose Neumann boundary conditions for the scalar field. With analytical methods, we obtain bounds on the frequency of scalar fields. For certain discrete frequency satisfying the bounds, we numerically get solutions of scalar hairy stars. We also disclose effects of model parameters on the discrete frequency of scalar fields.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
Adaptive neighborhood Metric learning
Creators: name: Song, Kun
name: Han, Junwei
name: Cheng, Gong
name: Lu, Jiwen
name: Nie, Feiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we reveal that metric learning would suffer from serious inseparable problem if without informative sample mining. Since the inseparable samples are often mixed with hard samples, current informative sample mining strategies used to deal with inseparable problem may bring up some side-effects, such as instability of objective function, etc. To alleviate this problem, we propose a novel distance metric learning algorithm, named adaptive neighborhood metric learning (ANML). In ANML, we design two thresholds to adaptively identify the inseparable similar and dissimilar samples in the training procedure, thus inseparable sample removing and metric parameter learning are implemented in the same procedure. Due to the non-continuity of the proposed ANML, we develop an ingenious function, named \emph{log-exp mean function} to construct a continuous formulation to surrogate it, which can be efficiently solved by the gradient descent method. Similar to Triplet loss, ANML can be used to learn both the linear and deep embeddings. By analyzing the proposed method, we find it has some interesting properties. For example, when ANML is used to learn the linear embedding, current famous metric learning algorithms such as the large margin nearest neighbor (LMNN) and neighbourhood components analysis (NCA) are the special cases of the proposed ANML by setting the parameters different values. When it is used to learn deep features, the state-of-the-art deep metric learning algorithms such as Triplet loss, Lifted structure loss, and Multi-similarity loss become the special cases of ANML. Furthermore, the \emph{log-exp mean function} proposed in our method gives a new perspective to review the deep metric learning methods such as Prox-NCA and N-pairs loss. At last, promising experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of Mothers’ experiences of caring for preterm babies at home: qualitative insights from an urban setting in a middle-income country
Creators: name: Garti, Isabella
name: Elorm Donkor
name: Nafisatu Musah
name: Evans Osei Appiah
name: Gyekye, Sandra
name: Awube Menlah
name: Akuoko, Cynthia Pomaa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: COREQ checklist. 32 item checklist on the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ).
Assistive Large Language Model Agents for Socially-Aware Negotiation Dialogues
Creators: name: Hua, Yuncheng
name: Qu, Lizhen
name: Haffari, Gholamreza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7

description: We develop assistive agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) that aid interlocutors in business negotiations. Specifically, we simulate business negotiations by letting two LLM-based agents engage in role play. A third LLM acts as a remediator agent to rewrite utterances violating norms for improving negotiation outcomes. We introduce a simple tuning-free and label-free In-Context Learning (ICL) method to identify high-quality ICL exemplars for the remediator, where we propose a novel select criteria, called value impact, to measure the quality of the negotiation outcomes. We provide rich empirical evidence to demonstrate its effectiveness in negotiations across three different negotiation topics. We have released our source code and the generated dataset at: https://github.com/tk1363704/SADAS.
description: 28 pages, 3 figures, 14 tables; The paper has been published in the Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024
Tachygerris celocis
Creators: name: Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo
name: Barbosa, Julianna Freires
name: Ribeiro, José Ricardo Inacio
name: Alecrim, Viviani Pereira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Gerridae
Tachygerris
Tachygerris celocis

description: Tachygerris celocis (Drake & Harris, 1931)
Geographical distribution: Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia.
 Distribution in Brazil: Central-West and Southeast regions (MT, MG) (Drake & Harris 1930, 1931b; Nieser & Melo 1997; Pelli et al. 2006).
 Comments: described from “Chapada, Brazil.” See discussion under Limnogonus (Limnogonus) profugus .
description: Published as part of Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo, Barbosa, Julianna Freires, Ribeiro, José Ricardo Inacio & Alecrim, Viviani Pereira, 2011, Checklist and distribution of semiaquatic and aquatic Heteroptera (Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha) occurring in Brazil 2958, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 2958 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2958.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5281851
กลยุทธ์การบริหารสถานศึกษาโดยการมีส่วนร่วมของผู้ปกครอง
Creators: name: กนกนาถ ทิมกลับ
Publisher: name: วิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีภาคใต้
Year: 2560
Subjects: กลยุทธ์การบริหารสถานศึกษา
การมีส่วนร่วมของผู้ปกครอง

description: วารสารเทคโนโลยีภาคใต้, 10, 2, 231-237
Language Writ Large: LLMs, ChatGPT, Grounding, Meaning and Understanding
Creators: name: Harnad, Stevan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Apart from what (little) OpenAI may be concealing from us, we all know (roughly) how ChatGPT works (its huge text database, its statistics, its vector representations, and their huge number of parameters, its next-word training, and so on). But none of us can say (hand on heart) that we are not surprised by what ChatGPT has proved to be able to do with these resources. This has even driven some of us to conclude that ChatGPT actually understands. It is not true that it understands. But it is also not true that we understand how it can do what it can do. I will suggest some hunches about benign biases: convergent constraints that emerge at LLM scale that may be helping ChatGPT do so much better than we would have expected. These biases are inherent in the nature of language itself, at LLM scale, and they are closely linked to what it is that ChatGPT lacks, which is direct sensorimotor grounding to connect its words to their referents and its propositions to their meanings. These convergent biases are related to (1) the parasitism of indirect verbal grounding on direct sensorimotor grounding, (2) the circularity of verbal definition, (3) the mirroring of language production and comprehension, (4) iconicity in propositions at LLM scale, (5) computational counterparts of human categorical perception in category learning by neural nets, and perhaps also (6) a conjecture by Chomsky about the laws of thought. The exposition will be in the form of a dialogue with ChatGPT-4.
description: 54 pages, 29 references
Managing the resilience of a common pool rangeland system in South Africa
Creators: name: Rasch, Sebastian
name: Heckelei, Thomas
name: Oomen, Roelof
name: Rasch, Sebastian
name: Heckelei, Thomas
name: Oomen, Roelof
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Land Economics/Use
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Livestock production on South Africa’s commons strongly contributes to livelihoods of communal households offering status, food and income. Management innovations are generally top-down and informed by commercial practices such as rotational grazing in combination with conservative stocking. Implementations often ignore how the specific socio-ecological context affects outcomes and the impact on equity. Science now acknowledges that rangeland management must be context specific and a universally agreed-upon recommendation for managing semi-arid rangelands does not exist. We present a socio-ecological simulation model derived from a case study in South Africa. It is used to assess the socio-ecological effects of rotational vs. continuous grazing under conservative and opportunistic stocking rates. We find that continuous grazing under conservative stocking rates is best suited for the system under investigation. However, past legacy under apartheid and participants’ expectations render its successful application unlikely.
A new type of charge-density-wave pinning in orthorhombic TaS$_3$ crystals with quenching defects
Creators: name: Minakova, V. E.
name: Nikitina, A. M.
name: Zaitsev-Zotov, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diminishing in the concentration of quenching defects during thermocycling of orthorhombic TaS$_3$ samples in the temperature range below the Peierls transition temperature $T
description: LaTeX, 6 pages, 5 figures
Trends and Determinants of Research Driven Total Factor Productivity in Indian Wheat
Creators: name: R, Sendhil
name: P, Ramasundaram
name: P, Anbukkani
name: Singh, Randhir
name: Sharma, Indu
name: R, Sendhil
name: P, Ramasundaram
name: P, Anbukkani
name: Singh, Randhir
name: Sharma, Indu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Productivity, technology and efficiency drive agricultural growth through research. The total factor productivity (TFP) being increase in rate of growth of output over the rate of growth of inputs, its decline is a major concern and policy priority in the context of sustainable food production. This paper examines the wheat TFP in India during 2001-02 to 2010-11 across regions. The TFP determinants were discussed in terms of technological progress and technical efficiency. Inputs usage barring human labor and animal power, was intensive and registered positive growth. The mean TFP declined by 1 per cent. The slowdown is attributed to decline in the technological progress by 1.1 per cent despite a marginal increase in the efficiency by 0.1 per cent. The capital intensive new sciences need to be harnessed for breaking yield barriers. Higher allocation of funds to research and extension is needed for technological progress and efficiency gains.
Additional file 1 of Synergies and fragmentation in country level policy and program agenda setting, formulation and implementation for Global Health agendas: a case study of health security, universal health coverage, and health promotion in Ghana and Sierra Leone
Creators: name: Agyepong, Irene Akua
name: Fredline A. O. M’Cormack-Hale
name: Amoakoh, Hannah Brown
name: Derkyi-Kwarteng, Abigail N. C.
name: Darkwa, Theresa Ethel
name: Odiko-Ollennu, Wallace
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Key Informant Interview Topic Guide
Tachygerris opacus
Creators: name: Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo
name: Barbosa, Julianna Freires
name: Ribeiro, José Ricardo Inacio
name: Alecrim, Viviani Pereira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Gerridae
Tachygerris
Tachygerris opacus

description: Tachygerris opacus (Champion, 1898)
Geographical distribution: Belize, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Colombia, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Panama, Guyana, Brazil, and Ecuador.
Distribution in Brazil: North Region (AM) (Nieser 1970c).
description: Published as part of Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo, Barbosa, Julianna Freires, Ribeiro, José Ricardo Inacio & Alecrim, Viviani Pereira, 2011, Checklist and distribution of semiaquatic and aquatic Heteroptera (Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha) occurring in Brazil 2958, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 2958 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2958.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5281851
Pseudoscalar glueball mass: a window on three-gluon interactions
Creators: name: Souza, E. V.
name: Ferreira, M. N.
name: Aguilar, A. C.
name: Papavassiliou, J.
name: Roberts, C. D.
name: Xu, S. -S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In pure-glue QCD, gluon-gluon scattering in the $J^{PC}=0^{-+}$ channel is described by a very simple equation, especially if one considers just the leading contribution to the scattering kernel. Of all components in this kernel, only the three-gluon vertex, $V_{μνρ}$, is poorly constrained by contemporary analyses; hence, calculations of $0^{-+}$ glueball properties serve as a clear window onto the character and form of $V_{μνρ}$. This is important given that many modern calculations of $V_{μνρ}$ predict the appearance of an infrared suppression in the scalar function which comes to modulate the bare vertex after the nonperturbative resummation of interactions. Such behaviour is a peculiar prediction; but we find that such suppression is essential if one is to achieve agreement with lattice-QCD predictions for the $0^{-+}$ glueball mass. It is likely, therefore, that this novel feature of $V_{μνρ}$ is real and has observable implications for the spectrum, decays and interactions of all QCD bound-states.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. To appear in Eur. Phys. J. A - Letter
Body Models in Humans and Robots
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Matej
name: Longo, Matthew R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Neurocognitive models of higher-level somatosensory processing have emphasised the role of stored body representations in interpreting real-time sensory signals coming from the body (Longo, Azanon and Haggard, 2010; Tame, Azanon and Longo, 2019). The need for such stored representations arises from the fact that immediate sensory signals coming from the body do not specify metric details about body size and shape. Several aspects of somatoperception, therefore, require that immediate sensory signals be combined with stored body representations. This basic problem is equally true for humanoid robots and, intriguingly, neurocognitive models developed to explain human perception are strikingly similar to those developed independently for localizing touch on humanoid robots, such as the iCub, equipped with artificial electronic skin on the majority of its body surface (Roncone et al., 2014; Hoffmann, 2021). In this chapter, we will review the key features of these models, discuss their similarities and differences to each other, and to other models in the literature. Using robots as embodied computational models is an example of synthetic methodology or 'understanding by building' (e.g., Hoffmann and Pfeifer, 2018), computational embodied neuroscience (Caligiore et al., 2010) or 'synthetic psychology of the self' (Prescott and Camilleri, 2019). Such models have the advantage that they need to be worked out into every detail, making any theory explicit and complete. There is also an additional way of (pre)validating such a theory other than comparing to the biological or psychological phenomenon studied by simply verifying that a particular implementation really performs the task: can the robot localize where it is being touched (see https://youtu.be/pfse424t5mQ)?
description: 14 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 2 of Mothers’ experiences of caring for preterm babies at home: qualitative insights from an urban setting in a middle-income country
Creators: name: Garti, Isabella
name: Elorm Donkor
name: Nafisatu Musah
name: Evans Osei Appiah
name: Gyekye, Sandra
name: Awube Menlah
name: Akuoko, Cynthia Pomaa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Semi structured Interview guide. In-depth interview guide for interviewing mothers on their experiences caring for preterm babies at home.
When Geoscience Meets Generative AI and Large Language Models: Foundations, Trends, and Future Challenges
Creators: name: Hadid, Abdenour
name: Chakraborty, Tanujit
name: Busby, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) represents an emerging field that promises the creation of synthetic data and outputs in different modalities. GAI has recently shown impressive results across a large spectrum of applications ranging from biology, medicine, education, legislation, computer science, and finance. As one strives for enhanced safety, efficiency, and sustainability, generative AI indeed emerges as a key differentiator and promises a paradigm shift in the field. This paper explores the potential applications of generative AI and large language models in geoscience. The recent developments in the field of machine learning and deep learning have enabled the generative model's utility for tackling diverse prediction problems, simulation, and multi-criteria decision-making challenges related to geoscience and Earth system dynamics. This survey discusses several GAI models that have been used in geoscience comprising generative adversarial networks (GANs), physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), and generative pre-trained transformer (GPT)-based structures. These tools have helped the geoscience community in several applications, including (but not limited to) data generation/augmentation, super-resolution, panchromatic sharpening, haze removal, restoration, and land surface changing. Some challenges still remain such as ensuring physical interpretation, nefarious use cases, and trustworthiness. Beyond that, GAI models show promises to the geoscience community, especially with the support to climate change, urban science, atmospheric science, marine science, and planetary science through their extraordinary ability to data-driven modeling and uncertainty quantification.
Kenyan Awareness of Aflatoxin: An Analysis of Processed Milk Consumers
Creators: name: Mtimet, Nadhem
name: Walke, Maria
name: Baker, Derek
name: Lindahl, Johanna
name: Hartmann, Monika
name: Grace, Delia
name: Mtimet, Nadhem
name: Walke, Maria
name: Baker, Derek
name: Lindahl, Johanna
name: Hartmann, Monika
name: Grace, Delia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Aflatoxin is a human health threat in many developing countries. This study examines Kenyan milk consumers’ behaviour toward aflatoxin by way of choice experiments. Further, the willingness to pay for different types of milk and aflatoxin status awareness was assessed. Five attributes were selected to describe milk products: milk processing technique, fat content, packaging, price and aflatoxin-free certification. Results indicate that awareness of aflatoxin is high, and that consumers are willing to pay a significant premium for milk that is certified as aflatoxin-free. Results also show, however, that the substantial majority does not know how to avoid aflatoxin-contaminated milk. The results indicate a great need for further education and awareness-raising programs throughout the Kenyan dairy value chain, and a potential for market-based solutions to aflatoxin control in milk.
{Probing Colour Separate States in $e^+ e^-$ annihilation at $Z^0$ pole
Creators: name: Li, Shi-yuan
name: Shao, Feng-lan
name: Xie, Qu-bing
name: Wang, Qun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hadronic events in $e^+ e^- \to Z^0$ are generated by a Monte-Carlo model including the production of colour separate states. These events are compared with those produced by the JETSET with default set of parameters where the colour connections are colour singlet chains. By selecting two-jet-like events and a sensitive observable, we find that these two kinds of colour connections lead to significant differences in the hadronic states.
description: 9 figs, 4 pps in revtex
การพัฒนาศักยภาพบุคลากรในโรงแรมระดับ 1-3 ดาว ของจังหวัดกระบี่
Creators: name: บายาตี ดือรามัน
Publisher: name: วิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีภาคใต้
Year: 2560
Subjects: ศักยภาพ
บุคลากรในโรงแรม
โรงแรมระดับ 1-3 ดาว

description: วารสารเทคโนโลยีภาคใต้, 10, 2, 239-246
A novel and fast electromagnetic and electrothermal software for quench analysis of high field magnets
Creators: name: Dadhich, Anang
name: Fazilleau, Philippe
name: Pardo, Enric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-field superconducting REBCO magnets contain several coils with many turns. For these magnets, electro-thermal quench is an issue that magnet designers need to take into account. Thus, there is a need for a fast and accurate software to numerically model the overall performance of full-scale magnets. High temperature superconductors can be modeled using different techniques for electro-magnetic and thermal (finite element method) analysis. However, it takes a lot of time to model the electro-magnetic and electro-thermal behavior of superconductors simultaneously, especially for non-insulated or metal-insulated coils. In addition, most of the available methods ignore screening currents, which are an important feature of REBCO magnets. We have developed a novel software programmed in C++, which performs coupled electro-magnetic and electro-thermal analysis using variational methods based on Minimum Electro-Magnetic Entropy Production (MEMEP) and Finite Difference, respectively. The developed software, which takes screening currents into account, is applied to axi-symmetric fullscale magnets of more than 32 T field strength under the SuperEMFL project for thermal quench reliability during standard operation. We show that the magnets incorporating non-insulated coils are more reliable against quench than the metal insulated coils. Also, realistic cooling conditions at boundaries is essential for such simulations. The model developed can be used for a quick and complete electro-magnetic and electro-thermal analysis of superconducting high field magnets.
description: Improved figures. Corrected text
Additional file 1 of Co-opted transposons help perpetuate conserved higher-order chromosomal structures
Creators: name: Choudhary, Mayank
name: Friedman, Ryan
name: Wang, Julia
name: Jang, Hyo
name: Zhuo, Xiaoyu
name: Wang, Ting
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S1. Contribution of repetitive element (RE) families to cell-type specific loop anchor CTCF sites. Figure S2. Phylogenetic reconstruction of CTCF binding motifs that anchor the conserved chromatin loop near AKAP8L gene. Figure S3. Landscape of the higher-order chromosomal structures conserved in human and mouse maintained by an L1M3f-derived CTCF binding site turnover event in humans. Figure S4. Landscape of the higher-order chromosomal structures conserved in human and mouse maintained by an LTR41-derived CTCF binding site turnover event in humans. Figure S5. Experimental design and results of CRISPR-Cas9 mediated deletions of L1M3f and LTR41. Figure S6. L1M3f-derived CTCF site is required for maintaining conserved boundary and fidelity of long-range interactions. Figure S7. CTCF binding site turnover from an LTR41-derived CTCF motif to MER82-derived CTCF site. Figure S8. TEs that potentiate loop anchor turnover in human and mouse show mutational signatures of hypomethylation through evolutionary time (related to Fig. 4B): Figure S9. TEs that potentiate loop anchor turnover in human and mouse show mutational signatures of hypomethylation through evolutionary time (related to Fig. 4B).
Refined Chabauty--Kim computations for the thrice-punctured line over $\mathbb{Z}[1/6]$
Creators: name: Lüdtke, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14G05 (Primary) 11G55, 11Y50, 11D88 (Secondary)

description: The Chabauty--Kim method and its refined variant by Betts and Dogra aim to cut out the $S$-integral points $X(\mathbb{Z}_S)$ on a curve inside the $p$-adic points $X(\mathbb{Z}_p)$ by producing enough Coleman functions vanishing on them. We derive new functions in the case of the thrice-punctured line when $S$ contains two primes. We describe an algorithm for computing refined Chabauty--Kim loci and verify Kim's conjecture over $\mathbb{Z}[1/6]$ for all choices of auxiliary prime $p < 10{,}000$.
description: 24 pages; minor revision; comments welcome
Additional file 1 of Surrogate endpoint evaluation using data from one large global randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Geybels, Milan
name: Wolthers, Benjamin Ole
name: Kreiner, Frederik Flindt
name: Rasmussen, Søren
name: Bauer, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary material.
Stability of an Ultra-Relativistic Blast Wave in an External Medium with a Steep Power-Law Density Profile
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaohu
name: Loeb, Abraham
name: Waxman, Eli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the stability of self-similar solutions for an accelerating relativistic blast wave which is generated by a point explosion in an external medium with a steep radial density profile of a power-law index > 4.134. These accelerating solutions apply, for example, to the breakout of a gamma-ray burst outflow from the boundary of a massive star, as assumed in the popular collapsar model. We show that short wavelength perturbations may grow but only by a modest factor
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Physical Review D
Rheumatobates bonariensis
Creators: name: Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo
name: Barbosa, Julianna Freires
name: Ribeiro, José Ricardo Inacio
name: Alecrim, Viviani Pereira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Gerridae
Rheumatobates
Rheumatobates bonariensis

description: Rheumatobates bonariensis (Berg, 1898)
Geographical distribution: Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay.
 Distribution in Brazil: Southeast and South regions (SP, SC, RS) (Hungerford 1954; Neri et al. 2005).
Comments: Nieser and Melo (1997) mentioned seeing specimens from MG that could correspond to this species, but the identification needed to be confirmed. Therefore, the record is not considered here.
description: Published as part of Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo, Barbosa, Julianna Freires, Ribeiro, José Ricardo Inacio & Alecrim, Viviani Pereira, 2011, Checklist and distribution of semiaquatic and aquatic Heteroptera (Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha) occurring in Brazil 2958, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 2958 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2958.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5281851
Simulating Solar Coronal Mass Ejections constrained by Observations of their Speed and Poloidal flux
Creators: name: Singh, Talwinder
name: Yalim, Mehmet Sarp
name: Pogorelov, Nikolai
name: Gopalswamy, Nat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate how the parameters of a Gibson-Low flux-rope-based coronal mass ejection (CME) can be constrained using remote observations. Our Multi Scale Fluid-Kinetic Simulation Suite (MS-FLUKSS) has been used to simulate the propagation of a CME in a data driven solar corona background computed using the photospheric magnetogram data. We constrain the CME model parameters using the observations of such key CME properties as its speed, orientation, and poloidal flux. The speed and orientation are estimated using multi-viewpoint white-light coronagraph images. The reconnected magnetic flux in the area covered by the post eruption arcade is used to estimate the poloidal flux in the CME flux rope. We simulate the partial halo CME on 7 March 2011 to demonstrate the efficiency of our approach. This CME erupted with the speed of 812 km/s and its poloidal flux, as estimated from source active region data, was 4.9e21 Mx. Using our approach, we were able to simulate this CME with the speed 840 km/s and the poloidal flux of 5.1e21 Mx, in remarkable agreement with the observations.
Hydrodynamic fluctuations in the Kolmogorov flow: Linear regime
Creators: name: Bena, I.
name: Mansour, M. Malek
name: Baras, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Landau-Lifshitz fluctuating hydrodynamics is used to study the statistical properties of the linearized Kolmogorov flow. The relative simplicity of this flow allows a detailed analysis of the fluctuation spectrum from near equilibrium regime up to the vicinity of the first convective instability threshold. It is shown that in the long time limit the flow behaves as an incompressible fluid, regardless of the value of the Reynolds number. This is not the case for the short time behavior where the incompressibility assumption leads in general to a wrong form of the static correlation functions, except near the instability threshold. The theoretical predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations of the full nonlinear fluctuating hydrodynamic equations.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
Chiral Lagrangian with confinement from the QCD Lagrangian
Creators: name: Simonov, Yu. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An effective Lagrangian for the light quark in the field of a static source is derived systematically using the exact field correlator expansion. The lowest Gaussian term is bosonized using nonlocal colorless bosonic fields and a general structure of effective chiral Lagrangian is obtained containing all set of fields. The new and crucial result is that the condensation of scalar isoscalar field which is a usual onset of chiral symmetry breaking and is constant in space-time, assumes here the form of the confining string and contributes to the confining potential, while the rest bosonic fields describe mesons with the q\bar q quark structure and pseudoscalars play the role of Nambu-Goldstone fields. Using derivative expansion the effective chiral Lagrangian is deduced containing both confinement and chiral effects for heavy-light mesons. The pseudovector quark coupling constant is computed to be exactly unity in the local limit,in agreement with earlier large N_c arguments.
description: LaTeX2e, 17 pages
Theoretical Description of Resistive Behavior near a Quantum Vortex-Glass Transition
Creators: name: Ishida, Hideharu
name: Ikeda, Ryusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resistive behaviors at nonzero temperatures (T > 0) reflecting a quantum vortex-glass (VG) transition (the so-called field-tuned superconductor-insulator transition at T=0) are studied based on a quantum Ginzburg-Landau (GL) action for a s-wave pairing case containing microscopic details. The ordinary dissipative dynamics of the pair-field is assumed on the basis of a consistency between the fluctuation conductance terms excluded from GL approach and an observed negative magnetoresistance. It is shown that the VG contribution, G_{vg}(B=B_{vg}, T \to 0),to 2D fluctuation conductance at the VG transition field B_{vg} depends on the strength of a repulsive-interaction between electrons and takes a universal value only in the ordinary dirty limit neglecting the electron-repulsion. Available resistivity data near B_{vg} are discussed based on our results, and extensions to the cases of a d-wave pairing and of 3D systems are briefly commented on.
description: Explanation of data in strongly disordered case, as well as Fig.2 and 3, was renewed, and comments on recent publications were added. To appear in J.Phys.Soc. Jpn
Additional file 2 of Serum fatty acid-binding protein 4 levels and responses of pancreatic islet β-cells and α-cells in patients with type 2 diabetes
Creators: name: Wang, Hong
name: Cao, Jie
name: Su, Jian-bin
name: Wang, Xue-qin
name: Wang, Xing
name: Zhang, Dong-mei
name: Wang, Xiao-hua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file2: Figure S1. The relationships between serum FABP4 and islet β-cell function indices in two subgroups of T2D patients without any glucose-lowering therapy (n=32) (a and b) and with glucose-lowering therapies (n=83) (c and d)
Reflections Function Method In the X-Ray Reflectometry
Creators: name: Bagrets, N. V.
name: Kravtsov, E. A.
name: Ustinov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theory of specular X-ray reflectivity from a rough interface based upon the reflection function method (RFM) is proposed. The RFM transforms the second order differential equation for the wave amplitude into the non-linear first order differential equation of Riccati type for the reflection function. This equation is solved in the approximation of the abruptly changing potential, which is justified for the typical angles of X-ray reflectometry. The reflectivity is represented as a series. The first term of this series reproduces the Nevot-Croce approximation and second one gives the phase correction for greater angles. It is shown that the phase correction can be used to obtain the degree of interface asymmetry. The X-ray reflectometry model profiles for Fe/Cr superlattice are used to illustrate the method.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
A generalized Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for multinomial logistic regression models
Creators: name: Fagerland, Morten W.
name: Hosmer, David W.
name: Fagerland, Morten W.
name: Hosmer, David W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: mlogitgof
subject: goodness of fit
subject: logistic regression
subject: multinomial logistic regression
subject: polytomous logistic regression

description: Testing goodness of fit is an important step in evaluating a statistical model. For binary logistic regression models, the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test is often used. For multinomial logistic regression models, however, few tests are available. We present the mlogitgof command, which implements a goodness-of-fit test for multinomial logistic regression models. This test can also be used for binary logistic regression models, where it gives results identical to the Hosmer–Lemeshow test.
Additional file 1 of Replication of GWAS significant loci in a sub-Saharan African Cohort with early childhood caries: a pilot study
Creators: name: Olubukola O. Olatosi
name: Li, Mary
name: Azeez A. Alade
name: Afolabi Oyapero
name: Busch, Tamara
name: Pape, John
name: Olotu, Joy
name: Awotoye, Waheed
name: Mohaned Hassan
name: Chinyere Adeleke
name: Wasiu L. Adeyemo
name: Sote, Elizabeth O.
name: Shaffer, John R.
name: Marazita, Mary
name: Azeez Butali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire.
Additional file 1: of Co-opted transposons help perpetuate conserved higher-order chromosomal structures
Creators: name: Choudhary, Mayank
name: Friedman, Ryan
name: Wang, Julia
name: Jang, Hyo
name: Zhuo, Xiaoyu
name: Wang, Ting
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S1. Contribution of repetitive element (RE) families to cell-type specific loop anchor CTCF sites. Figure S2. Phylogenetic reconstruction of CTCF binding motifs that anchor the conserved chromatin loop near AKAP8L gene. Figure S3. Landscape of the higher-order chromosomal structures conserved in human and mouse maintained by an L1M3f-derived CTCF binding site turnover event in humans. Figure S4. Landscape of the higher-order chromosomal structures conserved in human and mouse maintained by an LTR41-derived CTCF binding site turnover event in humans. Figure S5. Experimental design and results of CRISPR-Cas9 mediated deletions of L1M3f and LTR41. Figure S6. L1M3f-derived CTCF site is required for maintaining conserved boundary and fidelity of long-range interactions. Figure S7. CTCF binding site turnover from an LTR41-derived CTCF motif to MER82-derived CTCF site. Figure S8. TEs that potentiate loop anchor turnover in human and mouse show mutational signatures of hypomethylation through evolutionary time (related to Fig. 4B): Figure S9. TEs that potentiate loop anchor turnover in human and mouse show mutational signatures of hypomethylation through evolutionary time (related to Fig. 4B).