cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
New Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Technique Enables Systematic Study of the Unique Electronic Transition from Graphite to Graphene
Creators: name: Xu, P.
name: Yang, Y.
name: Barber, S. D.
name: Schoelz, J. K.
name: Qi, D.
name: Ackerman, M. L.
name: Bellaiche, L.
name: Thibado, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A series of measurements using a novel technique called electrostatic-manipulation scanning tunneling microscopy were performed on a highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface. The electrostatic interaction between the STM tip and the sample can be tuned to produce both reversible and irreversible large-scale vertical movement of the HOPG surface. Under this influence, atomic-resolution STM images reveal that a continuous electronic reconstruction transition from a triangular symmetry, where only alternate atoms are imaged, to a honeycomb structure can be systematically controlled. First-principles calculations reveal that this transition can be related to vertical displacements of the top layer of graphite relative to the bulk. Detailed analysis of the band structure predicts that a transition from parabolic to linear bands occurs after a 0.09 nm displacement of the top layer.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures
MPEC 2023-U129 : 2023 UN2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 UN2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Therapeutic benefits in thalassemic mice transplanted with long-term−cultured bone marrow cells
Creators: name: Hatada, Seigo
name: Lill, Michael C.
name: Kirby, Suzanne L.
name: Fair, Jeffery H.
name: Fox, Raymond
name: Hatada, Tomoko
name: Walton, William
name: Wofford, Anne
name: Liu, Naiyou
name: Smithies, Oliver
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Autologous bone marrow (BM) cells with a faulty gene corrected by gene targeting could provide a powerful therapeutic option for patients with genetic blood diseases. Achieving this goal is hindered by the low abundance of therapeutically useful BM cells and the difficulty of maintaining them in tissue culture long enough for completing gene targeting without them differentiating. Our objective was to devise a simple long-term culture system, using unfractioned BM cells, that maintains and expands therapeutically useful cells for ≥4 weeks.
Quantum control and long-range quantum correlations in dynamical Casimir arrays
Creators: name: Stassi, Roberto
name: De Liberato, Simone
name: Garziano, Luigi
name: Spagnolo, Bernardo
name: Savasta, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent observation of the dynamical Casimir effect in a modulated superconducting waveguide, coronating thirty years of world-wide research, empowered the quantum technology community with a powerful tool to create entangled photons on-chip. In this work we show how, going beyond the single waveguide paradigm using a scalable array, it is possible to create multipartite nonclassical states, with the possibility to control the long-range quantum correlations of the emitted photons. In particular, our finite-temperature theory shows how maximally entangled $NOON$ states can be engineered in a realistic setup. The results here presented open the way to new kinds of quantum fluids of light, arising from modulated vacuum fluctuations in linear systems.
A note on optimal transport and Monge-Ampère geometry
Creators: name: D'Onofrio, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We identify a novel connection between a recently introduced pseudo-Riemannian framework for optimal mass transport and the geometry of Monge-Ampère equations. We show this correspondence by application to an example from geophysical fluid dynamics.
Gamma-carbon–carbon Bond Formation Towards Synthesis of Natural Products
Creators: name: Yarbrough, Douglas C
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Synthetic attempts towards natural product synthesis indicate a deficiency in the synthetic means to achieve gamma-carbon–carbon bond formation. The gamma-carbon–carbon bond exists in numerous natural products and pharmaceutical targets. To address these limitations, new synthetic transformations are developed. To address the challenge of accessing gamma-alkyl and gamma-alkenyl groups, an iron-catalyzed, structurally divergent gamma-alkylation reaction between alpha,alpha.alpha-trihaloalkyl substrates and silyl dienol ethers is discovered. To address the challenge of accessing gamma-arylation, a nickel-catalyzed reaction between aryl boronic acids and silyl dienol ethers.
Increased serum tumor necrosis factor α levels in patients with lenalidomide-induced hypothyroidism
Creators: name: Tsai, Judy P.
name: Richards, Kristy L.
name: Reddy, Nishitha M.
name: Dahlman, Kimberly B.
name: Hames, Megan L.
name: Talbott, Mahsa S.
name: Iams, Wade T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: As the use of lenalidomide expands, the poorly understood phenomenon of lenalidomide-induced thyroid abnormalities will increase. In this study we compared rates of therapy-induced hypothyroidism in 329 patients with DLBCL treated with conventional chemotherapy (DLBCL-c) or conventional chemotherapy plus lenalidomide (DLBCL-len). We measured serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and interleukin-15 (IL-15) before and after treatment. We found a significantly higher rate of therapy-induced hypothyroidism in the DLBCL-len group (25.8% vs 1.3%), and we found a statistically significant increase in serum TNF-α in patients with lenalidomide-induced hypothyroidism.
The Schrodinger-Newton System with Self-Field Coupling
Creators: name: Franklin, J.
name: Guo, Y.
name: McNutt, A.
name: Morgan, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Schrodinger-Newton system of equations with the addition of gravitational field energy sourcing - such additional nonlinearity is to be expected from a theory of gravity (like general relativity), and its appearance in this simplified scalar setting (one of Einstein's precursors to general relativity) leads to significant changes in the spectrum of the self-gravitating theory. Using an iterative technique, we compare the mass dependence of the ground state energies of both Schrodinger-Newton and the new, self-sourced system and find that they are dramatically different. The Bohr method approach from old quantization provides a qualitative description of the difference, which comes from the additional nonlinearity introduced in the self-sourced case. In addition to comparison of ground state energies, we calculate the transition energy between the ground state and first excited state to compare emission frequencies between Schrodinger-Newton and the self-coupled scalar case.
description: to appear, Class. Quant. Grav
New Bounds for the Acyclic Chromatic Index
Creators: name: Bernshteyn, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An edge coloring of a graph $G$ is called an acyclic edge coloring if it is proper and every cycle in $G$ contains edges of at least three different colors. The least number of colors needed for an acyclic edge coloring of $G$ is called the acyclic chromatic index of $G$ and is denoted by $a'(G)$. Fiamčik and independently Alon, Sudakov, and Zaks conjectured that $a'(G) \leq Δ(G)+2$, where $Δ(G)$ denotes the maximum degree of $G$. The best known general bound is $a'(G)\leq 4(Δ(G)-1)$ due to Esperet and Parreau. We apply a generalization of the Lovász Local Lemma to show that if $G$ contains no copy of a given bipartite graph $H$, then $a'(G) \leq 3Δ(G)+o(Δ(G))$. Moreover, for every $\varepsilon>0$, there exists a constant $c$ such that if $g(G)\geq c$, then $a'(G)\leq(2+\varepsilon)Δ(G)+o(Δ(G))$, where $g(G)$ denotes the girth of $G$.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures. This version uses the Local Cut Lemma instead of the Local Action Lemma
Targeting EZH2 and PRC2 dependence as novel anticancer therapy
Creators: name: Xu, Bowen
name: Konze, Kyle D.
name: Jin, Jian
name: Wang, Gang Greg
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Distinctive patterns of chromatin modification control gene expression and define cellular identity during development and cell differentiation. Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), the sole mammalian enzymatic complex capable of establishing gene-repressive high-degree methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27), plays crucial roles in regulation of normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that recurrent gain-of-function mutation and overexpression of EZH2, the catalytic subunit of PRC2, drive and promote malignant transformation such as B-cell lymphomagenesis, providing a rationale for PRC2 inhibition as a novel anticancer strategy. Here, we summarize the recently developed strategies for inhibition of PRC2, which include a series of highly specific, highly potent, small-molecule inhibitors of EZH2 and EZH1, an EZH2-related methyltransferase. PRC2 establishes functional crosstalk with numerous epigenetic machineries during dynamic regulation of gene transcription. Perturbation of such functional crosstalk caused by genetic events observed in various hematologic cancers, such as inactivation of SNF5 and somatic mutation of UTX, confers PRC2 dependence, thus rendering an increased sensitivity to PRC2 inhibition. We discuss our current understanding of EZH2 somatic mutations frequently found in B-cell lymphomas and recurrent mutations in various other epigenetic regulators as novel molecular predictors and determinants of PRC2 sensitivity. As recent advances have indicated a critical developmental or tumor-suppressive role for PRC2 and EZH2 in various tissue types, we discuss concerns over potentially toxic or even adverse effects associated with EZH2/1 inhibition in certain biological contexts or on cancer genetic background. Collectively, inhibition of PRC2 catalytic activity has emerged as a promising therapeutic intervention for the precise treatment of a range of genetically defined hematologic malignancies and can be potentially applied to a broader spectrum of human cancers that bear similar genetic and epigenetic characteristics. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of ISEH - International Society for Experimental Hematology.
AAV2-mediated gene transfer of GDNF to the striatum of MPTP monkeys enhances the survival and outgrowth of co-implanted fetal dopamine neurons
Creators: name: Vives, K.P.
name: Elsworth, J.D.
name: Bjugstad, K.B.
name: Redmond, D.E.
name: Roth, R.H.
name: Collier, T.J.
name: Samulski, R.J.
name: Leranth, C.
name: Sladek, J.R.
name: Foti, S.B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Neural transplantation offers the potential of treating Parkinson’s disease by grafting fetal dopamine neurons to depleted regions of the brain. However, clinical studies of neural grafting in Parkinson’s disease have produced only modest improvements. One of the main reasons for this is the low survival rate of transplanted neurons. The inadequate supply of critical neurotrophic factors in the adult brain is likely to be a major cause of early cell death and restricted outgrowth of fetal grafts placed into the mature striatum. Glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent neurotrophic factor that is crucial to the survival, outgrowth and maintenance of dopamine neurons, and so is a candidate for protecting grafted fetal dopamine neurons in the adult brain. We found that implantation of adeno-associated virus type 2 encoding GDNF (AAV2-GDNF) in the normal monkey caudate nucleus induced over-expression of GDNF that persisted for at least 6 months after injection. In a 6-month within-animal controlled study, AAV2-GDNF enhanced the survival of fetal dopamine neurons by 4-fold, and increased the outgrowth of grafted fetal dopamine neurons by almost 3-fold in the caudate nucleus of MPTP-treated monkeys, compared with control grafts in the other caudate nucleus. Thus, the addition of GDNF gene therapy to neural transplantation may be a useful strategy to improve treatment for Parkinson’s disease.
Increased MCP-1 and microglia in various regions of the human alcoholic brain
Creators: name: Crews, Fulton T.
name: He, Jun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Cytokines and microglia have been implicated in anxiety, depression, neurodegeneration as well as the regulation of alcohol drinking and other consumatory behaviors, all of which are associated with alcoholism. Studies using animal models of alcoholism suggest that microglia and proinflammatory cytokines contribute to alcoholic pathologies (Crews et al., 2006). In the current study, human postmortem brains from moderate drinking controls and alcoholics obtained from the New South Wales Tissue Resource Center were used to study the cytokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1,CCL2) and microglia markers in various brain regions. Since MCP-1 is a key proinflammatory cytokine induced by chronic alcohol treatment of mice, and known to regulate drinking behavior in mice, MCP-1 protein levels from human brain homogenate were measured using ELISA, and indicated increased MCP-1 concentration in ventral tegmental area (VTA), substantia nigra (SN), hippocampus and amygdala of alcoholic brains as compared with controls. Immunohistochemistry was further performed to visualize human microglia using ionized calcium binding adaptor protein-1 (Iba-1), and Glucose transporter-5 (GluT5). Alcoholics were found to have brain region-specific increases in microglial markers. In cingulate cortex, both Iba-1 and GluT5 were increased in alcoholic brains relative to controls. Alternatively, no detectable change was found in amygdala nuclei. In VTA and midbrain, only GluT5, but not Iba-1 was increased in alcoholic brains. These data suggest that the enhanced expression of MCP-1 and microglia activities in alcoholic brains could contribute to ethanol-induced pathogenesis.
Role of Piezo1 mediated ER Calcium Transport in Endothelial Cell Adaptation to Shear Stress
Creators: name: Santana Nunez, Dianicha
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Mechanotransduction is a key signaling mechanism by which endothelial cells (ECs) sense and adapt to mechanical forces such as pressure and shear stress. Piezo1, a mechanosensing ion channel expressed in endothelial cells (ECs), that is activated by elevated pressure and shear stress to transduce these mechanical stimuli into chemical intracellular signals. Little is known about Piezo1-downtream signaling inducing endothelial cell alignment in the directions of fluid flow, a hallmark of EC response to atheroprotective shear stress. Here, we identified a Piezo1-mediated Ca2+ comparmentalization to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a major element of atheroprotective signaling. We showed that activation of Piezo1 was required and sufficient for rapid mobilization of Ca2+ to the ER lumen by sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA). Activation of Piezo1 also led to transient production of cAMP by soluble Adenylyl Cyclase (sAC) and activation of Ca2+ release from cAMP-Inositol Trisphosphate Receptor 2 (IP3R2)-sensitive stores. Furthermore, We demonstrated that Piezo1 mediated ER Ca2+ release is required for ECs alignment in direction to flow and activation of atheroprotective signaling proteins such as serine-threonine protein kinase (AKT). Our results, for the first time, establish the role of Piezo1 mediated ER Ca2+ release via cAMP-IP3R2 sensitive stores as an essential signaling element ECs mechanotrasnduction.
An operational approach to spacetime symmetries: Lorentz transformations from quantum communication
Creators: name: Hoehn, Philipp A.
name: Mueller, Markus P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In most approaches to fundamental physics, spacetime symmetries are postulated a priori and then explicitly implemented in the theory. This includes Lorentz covariance in quantum field theory and diffeomorphism invariance in quantum gravity, which are seen as fundamental principles to which the final theory has to be adjusted. In this paper, we suggest, within a much simpler setting, that this kind of reasoning can actually be reversed, by taking an operational approach inspired by quantum information theory. We consider observers in distinct laboratories, with local physics described by the laws of abstract quantum theory, and without presupposing a particular spacetime structure. We ask what information-theoretic effort the observers have to spend to synchronize their descriptions of local physics. If there are "enough" observables that can be measured universally on several different quantum systems, we show that the observers' descriptions are related by an element of the orthochronous Lorentz group O^+(3,1), together with a global scaling factor. Not only does this operational approach predict the Lorentz transformations, but it also accurately describes the behavior of relativistic Stern-Gerlach devices in the WKB approximation, and it correctly predicts that quantum systems carry Lorentz group representations of different spin. This result thus hints at a novel information-theoretic perspective on spacetime.
description: 42 pages, 7 figures. Matches published version (+updated funding acknowledgements and references)
Influence of the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 on the activation of spinal cord glia in mouse models of pain
Creators: name: Valtschanoff, Juli G.
name: Chen, Yong
name: Willcockson, Helen H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Although activation of spinal glia has been implicated in the development of pathological pain, the mechanisms underlying glial activation are not fully understood. One such mechanism may be triggered by reaction to neuroactive substances released from central axons of sensory afferents. The vanilloid receptor TRPV1, a nonselective cation channel in nociceptive sensory afferents, mediates the release of neurotransmitters, such as glutamate and CGRP in the dorsal horn, which can subsequently activate glia. To test the hypothesis that activation of spinal glia is mediated, at least in part, by TRPV1, we studied the expression of markers for microglia (Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, Iba1) and astrocytes (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, GFAP) in the spinal cord of TRPV1 knockout mice (KO) vs. wild-type mice (WT) in models of acute (intraplantar capsaicin), inflammatory (Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis, AIA), and neuropathic pain (Partial Sciatic Nerve Ligation, PSNL). We found that i) naïve KO mice had denser immunostaining for both Iba1 and GFAP than naïve WT mice, ii) the immunostaining for Iba1 increased significantly in treated mice, compared to naïve mice, 3 days after capsaicin and 7–14 days after AIA or PSNL, and was significantly greater in WT than in KO mice 3 days after capsaicin, 7–14 days after AIA, and 7 days after PSNL, iii) the immunostaining for GFAP increased significantly in treated mice, compared to naïve mice, 3 days after capsaicin and 14–21 days after AIA or PSNL, and was significantly greater in WT than in KO mice 14 days after AIA or PSNL. Our results suggest that TRPV1 plays a role in the activation of spinal glia in mice with nociceptive, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain.
Star formation rate and dynamical mass of 10^8 solar mass black hole host galaxies at redshift 6
Creators: name: Willott, Chris J.
name: Bergeron, Jacqueline
name: Omont, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present ALMA observations of two moderate luminosity quasars at redshift 6. These quasars from the Canada-France High-z Quasar Survey (CFHQS) have black hole masses of ~10^8 M_solar. Both quasars are detected in the [CII] line and dust continuum. Combining these data with our previous study of two similar CFHQS quasars we investigate the population properties. We show that z>6 quasars have a significantly lower far-infrared luminosity than bolometric-luminosity-matched samples at lower redshift, inferring a lower star formation rate, possibly correlated with the lower black hole masses at z=6. The ratios of [CII] to far-infrared luminosities in the CFHQS quasars are comparable with those of starbursts of similar star formation rate in the local universe. We determine values of velocity dispersion and dynamical mass for the quasar host galaxies based on the [CII] data. We find that there is no significant offset from the relations defined by nearby galaxies with similar black hole masses. There is however a marked increase in the scatter at z=6, beyond the large observational uncertainties.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Toolbox for reconstructing quantum theory from rules on information acquisition
Creators: name: Hoehn, Philipp A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop an operational approach for reconstructing the quantum theory of qubit systems from elementary rules on information acquisition. The focus lies on an observer O interrogating a system S with binary questions and S's state is taken as O's `catalogue of knowledge' about S. The mathematical tools of the framework are simple and we attempt to highlight all underlying assumptions. Four rules are imposed, asserting (1) a limit on the amount of information available to O; (2) the mere existence of complementary information; (3) O's total amount of information to be preserved in-between interrogations; and, (4) O's `catalogue of knowledge' to change continuously in time in-between interrogations and every consistent such evolution to be possible. This approach permits a constructive derivation of quantum theory, elucidating how the ensuing independence, complementarity and compatibility structure of O's questions matches that of projective measurements in quantum theory, how entanglement and monogamy of entanglement, non-locality and, more generally, how the correlation structure of arbitrarily many qubits and rebits arises. The rules yield a reversible time evolution and a quadratic measure, quantifying O's information about S. Finally, it is shown that the four rules admit two solutions for the simplest case of a single elementary system: the Bloch ball and disc as state spaces for a qubit and rebit, respectively, together with their symmetries as time evolution groups. The reconstruction for arbitrarily many qubits is completed in a companion paper (arXiv:1511.01130) where an additional rule eliminates the rebit case. This approach is inspired by (but does not rely on) the relational interpretation and yields a novel formulation of quantum theory in terms of questions.
description: 78 pages, many figures, graphs and references. Version accepted for publication in Quantum (completed missing part in the proof of reversibility of time evolution, combined previous sections 6 and 7 to a rewritten section 6, added clarifications and minor corrections throughout -- overall improved presentation, but results unaffected by revision)
Subsea telecoms cables: A driver for scientific research
Creators: name: Atherton, Christopher John
name: Pals, Auke
name: Jestin, Camille
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: SMART cables
DAS
SOP
Distributed Acoustic Sensors
State of Polarisation

description: This document describes the GeoLab testbed service which offers an opportunity to create a partnership between EllaLink, EMACOM, FCT, and GÉANT to provide an infrastructure for the benefit of the global scientific community. GeoLab utilises a redundant 'dark fibre' which runs parallel to the operational fibre optic communications cable. The proposed infrastructure would allow scientists to bring their own device to light the fibre optic cable, for such purposes as seismic detection and monitoring, volcanology, biotic and a-biotic interaction research, and other types of research. The current anticipated types of technologies to be deployed on such an infrastructure include distributed acoustic sensors (DAS), state of polarisation (SOP), laser interferometry. Although, it is hoped that any technology which would turn the fibre optic cable into the sensing medium could be deployed.
description: {"references": ["Zhan, Z et al. (2021). Optical polarization-based seismic and water wave sensing on transoceanic cables DOI: 10.1126/SCIENCE.ABE6648/SUPPL_FILE/ABE6648_ZHAN_SM.PDF", "Mattia, Cantono et al. (2020). Using subsea cables to detect earthquakes | Google Cloud Blog", "Marra, G et al. (2018). Ultrastable laser interferometry for earthquake detection with terrestrial and submarine cables DOI: 10.1126/SCIENCE.AAT4458/SUPPL_FILE/AAT4458_MARRA_DATA_FILE-S1.ZIP"]}
Integrating Direct Observations in Clinical Teachers' Workflow: An Exploratory Cognitive Task Analysis
Creators: name: Khalife, Roy
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Background: Successful implementation of competency-based assessments is largely contingent on Direct Observation (DO). However, its uptake remains problematic and threatens its educational mandate. DO-focused research has primarily been examined from a psychometric and sociocultural perspective. Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) provides tools to elicit knowledge from experienced users and understand their performance in complex environments, which is then used to design tools to enhance task performance. The purpose of this study was to understand, using CTA, the cognitive functions and cues that drive CTs’ decision-making in integrating DO in their workflow while balancing the competing demands of simultaneously being an educator and healthcare provider. Methods: We conducted an qualitative study guided by Applied Cognitive Task Analysis (ACTA). We interviewed CTs in internal medicine-based specialties who work on inpatient medical units at a single academic institution. CTs were purposively sampled following a nomination process to find participants who excel at using DO in inpatient settings. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Six CTs with a median of 8 (range 2-13) years of experience participated and described a dual responsibility in attending to patients’ and learners’ needs, with patient safety ultimately prioritized as the key driver for DO. Participants shared three cognitive functions underlying their work on inpatient units and describing the judgements and decisions needed for DO to occur: (1) making tasks count twice to promote efficient use of DO, (2) planning and re-planning DO as clinical activities unfold, and (3) self-reflections that mold educational practices that integrate DO. CTs described multiple cues that inform the need for DO and categorized them in relation to (1) patients and their care, (2) learners, (3) teachers’ experiences and (4) the learning environment. Discussion: ACTA was a useful and systematic approach to tap into the expertise of a select group of CTs. The insight gained on patient safety as the primary cognitive driver for DO provides an opportunity to shift faculty development initiatives. Using the identified cognitive functions and cues, we discuss potential opportunities for faculty development to better prepare and engage CTs in integrating DO in their workflow.
Interaction energy of domain walls in a nonlocal Ginzburg-Landau type model from micromagnetics
Creators: name: Ignat, Radu
name: Moser, Roger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a variational model from micromagnetics involving a nonlocal Ginzburg-Landau type energy for S^1-valued vector fields. These vector fields form domain walls, called Neel walls, that correspond to one-dimensional transitions between two directions within the unit circle S^1. Due to the nonlocality of the energy, a Neel wall is a two length scale object, comprising a core and two logarithmically decaying tails. Our aim is to determine the energy differences leading to repulsion or attraction between Neel walls. In contrast to the usual Ginzburg-Landau vortices, we obtain a renormalised energy for Neel walls that shows both a tail-tail interaction and a core-tail interaction. This is a novel feature for Ginzburg-Landau type energies that entails attraction between Neel walls of the same sign and repulsion between Neel walls of opposite signs.
description: 54 pages, 1 figure
Late Accretion of Ceres-like Asteroids and Their Implantation into the Outer Main Belt
Creators: name: Takir, Driss
name: Neumann, Wladimir
name: Raymond, Sean N.
name: Emery, Joshua P.
name: Trieloff, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-albedo asteroids preserve a record of the primordial solar system planetesimals and the conditions in which the solar nebula was active. However, the origin and evolution of these asteroids are not well-constrained. Here we measured visible and near-infrared (0.5 - 4.0 microns) spectra of low-albedo asteroids in the mid-outer main belt. We show that numerous large (d > 100 km) and dark (geometric albedo < 0.09) asteroids exterior to the dwarf planet Ceres' orbit share the same spectral features, and presumably compositions, as Ceres. We also developed a thermal evolution model that demonstrates that these Ceres-like asteroids have highly-porous interiors, accreted relatively late at 1.5 - 3.5 Myr after the formation of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions, and experienced maximum interior temperatures of < 900 K. Ceres-like asteroids are localized in a confined heliocentric region between 3.0 - 3.4 au but were likely implanted from more distant regions of the solar system during the giant planet's dynamical instability.
MPEC 2023-U130 : 2023 UO2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 UO2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Simple U-net Based Synthetic Polyp Image Generation: Polyp to Negative and Negative to Polyp
Creators: name: Qadir, Hemin Ali
name: Balasingham, Ilangko
name: Shin, Younghak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Synthetic polyp generation is a good alternative to overcome the privacy problem of medical data and the lack of various polyp samples. In this study, we propose a deep learning-based polyp image generation framework that generates synthetic polyp images that are similar to real ones. We suggest a framework that converts a given polyp image into a negative image (image without a polyp) using a simple conditional GAN architecture and then converts the negative image into a new-looking polyp image using the same network. In addition, by using the controllable polyp masks, polyps with various characteristics can be generated from one input condition. The generated polyp images can be used directly as training images for polyp detection and segmentation without additional labeling. To quantitatively assess the quality of generated synthetic polyps, we use public polyp image and video datasets combined with the generated synthetic images to examine the performance improvement of several detection and segmentation models. Experimental results show that we obtain performance gains when the generated polyp images are added to the training set.
Endogenous opioid–dopamine neurotransmission underlie negative CBV fMRI signals
Creators: name: Chang, Chen
name: Jaw, Fu-Shan
name: Chiang, Yun-Chen
name: Shyu, Bai-Chuang
name: Shih, Yen-Yu I.
name: Duong, Timothy Q.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Previous studies showed noxious unilateral forepaw electrical stimulation surprisingly evoked negative blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebral blood volume (CBV) fMRI responses in the bilateral striatum whereas the local neuronal spike and c-Fos activities increased. These negative responses are associated with vasoconstriction and appeared to override the increased hemodynamic responses that typically accompanied with increased neural activity. The current study aimed to investigate the role of μ-opioid system in modulating vasoconstriction in the striatum associated with noxious stimulation on a 4.7-Tesla MRI scanner. Specifically, we investigated: i) how morphine (a μ-opioid receptor agonist) affects the vasoconstriction in the bilateral striatum associated with noxious electrical forepaw stimulation in rats, and ii) how naloxone (an opioid receptor antagonist) and eticlopride (a dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist) modulates the morphine effects onwards. Injection of morphine enhanced the negative striatal CBV responses to noxious stimulation. Sequential injection of naloxone in the same animals abolished the stimulus-evoked vasoconstriction. In a separate group of animals, injection of eticlopride following morphine also reduced the vasoconstriction. Our findings suggested that noxious stimulation endogenously activated opioid and dopamine receptors in the striatum and thus leading to vasoconstriction.
Entre Pulque y Leche: Nourishing an Empire in Colonial Mexican Visual Culture
Creators: name: Gomez-Ortega, Joshua
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The colonial understanding of fluidity within a social and racial context helped shape and reinforce the ideologies of a racial hierarchy in colonial Mexico. Examining the discourses about fluidity, through visual and literary representations, I underscore how colonial artists graphed these social constructs within Mexico’s visual culture. By investigating how artists depicted ideas of blood purity, breast milk, and the Indigenous alcoholic beverage known as pulque, I trace how artists en-coded colonial anxieties about interracial mixing, racial fluidity, and contamination through women’s bodies. Resultantly, it becomes evident that maternal ideologies were contingent on racial and class status, further complicating the historical understanding of casta paintings. Yet, the Spanish administration understood that social order went hand in hand with spatial order, requiring a strictly segregated populace to ensure a ‘divide and conquer’ system amongst their colonial subjects. While casta paintings outline how such segregation was not manageable, they emphasize how illustrating women’s spatial organization was just as imperative in establishing domestic bliss within these racialized visions. Yet, I argue these images intentionally conceal the political possibilities within these interracial social networks. The colonial representational practices of space silenced the opportunities for anti-colonial resistance movements by highlighting social deviance instead of the subversive qualities of this space. This M.A. thesis scrutinizes how the politics of ethnic and social fluidity was a significant concern in the elite Novohispanic imagination and, thus, required a complex system and set of tools to establish this hierarchical societal model throughout artistic production in Mexico.
Hiding Dust Around $ε$ Eridani
Creators: name: Wolff, Schuyler G.
name: Gáspár, András
name: Rieke, George H.
name: Ballering, Nicholas
name: Ygouf, Marie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With a Jupiter-like exoplanet and a debris disk with both asteroid and Kuiper belt analogs, $ε$ Eridani has a fascinating resemblance to our expectations for a young Solar System. We present a deep HST/STIS coronographic dataset using eight orbit visits and the PSF calibrator $δ$ Eridani. While we were unable to detect the debris disk, we place stringent constraints on the scattered light surface brightness of $\sim 4 \, μJy/arcsec^{2}$. We combine this scattered light detection limit with a reanalysis of archival near and mid-infrared observations and a dynamical model of the full planetary system to refine our model of the $ε$ Eridani debris disk components. Radiative transfer modeling suggests an asteroid belt analog inside of 3 au, an intermediate disk component in the 6 - 37 au region and a Kuiper belt analog co-located with the narrow belt observed in the millimeter (69 au). Modeling also suggests a large minimum grain size requiring either very porous grains or a suppression of small grain production, and a radially stratified particle size distribution. The inner disk regions require a steep power law slope ($s^{-3.8}$ where $s$ is the grain size) weighted towards smaller grains and the outer disk prefers a shallower slope ($s^{-3.4}$) with a minimum particle size of $> 2 \, μm$. These conclusions will be enhanced by upcoming coronographic observations of the system with the James Webb Space Telescope, which will pinpoint the radial location of the dust belts and further diagnose the dust particle properties.
A Computational Method for the Rate Estimation of Evolutionary Transpositions
Creators: name: Alexeev, Nikita
name: Aidagulov, Rustem
name: Alekseyev, Max A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Genome rearrangements are evolutionary events that shuffle genomic architectures. Most frequent genome rearrangements are reversals, translocations, fusions, and fissions. While there are some more complex genome rearrangements such as transpositions, they are rarely observed and believed to constitute only a small fraction of genome rearrangements happening in the course of evolution. The analysis of transpositions is further obfuscated by intractability of the underlying computational problems. We propose a computational method for estimating the rate of transpositions in evolutionary scenarios between genomes. We applied our method to a set of mammalian genomes and estimated the transpositions rate in mammalian evolution to be around 0.26.
description: Proceedings of the 3rd International Work-Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (IWBBIO), 2015. (to appear)
Current prospects and challenges for epilepsy gene therapy
Creators: name: Weinberg, Marc S.
name: McCown, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: This review addresses the state of gene therapy research for the treatment of epilepsy. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the anti-seizure efficacy of viral vector-based gene transfer through the use of a variety of strategies – from modulating classic neurotransmitter systems to targeting or overexpressing of neuropeptide receptors in seizure-specific brain regions. While these studies provide substantive proof of principle for viral vector gene therapy, future studies must address the challenges of vector immunity, cellular specificity and effective global delivery. As these issues are resolved, viral vector gene therapy should significantly impact the treatment of intractable epilepsy.
Neutrons meet ice polymorphs
Creators: name: Komatsu, Kazuki
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: The current epoch can be described as the ‘age of ice-rush’, as the rate of discovery of ice polymorphs, of which there are currently 20 known, has accelerated, particularly since the end of the last century. This is largely owing to advances in neutron diffraction under pressure. Neutrons can interact with light elements such as hydrogen as well as heavy elements, making neutron diffraction essential for full structural analyses of newly discovered ice polymorphs. It is especially useful for detecting crystallographic symmetry breaking due to hydrogen ordering. This review will go over the most recent technical advances in neutron-diffraction experiments and how they contribute to our understanding of ice polymorphs.
MPEC 2023-U131 : 2023 UP2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 UP2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
The notion of role in conceptual modelling
Creators: name: Reynaud, Chantal
name: Aussenac-Gilles, Nathalie
name: Tchounikine, Pierre
name: Trichet, Franckie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this article we analyse the notion of knowledge role. First of all, we present how the relationship between problem solving methods and domain models is tackled in different approaches. We concentrate on how they cope with this issue in the knowledge engineering process. Secondly, we introduce several properties which can be used to analyse, characterise and define the notion of role. We evaluate and compare the works exposed previously following these dimensions. This analysis suggests some developments to better exploit the relationship between reasoning and domain knowledge. We present them in a last section.
description: Dates de conf{\'e}rence : octobre 1997 1997
Opposing actions of hippocampus TNFα receptors on limbic seizure susceptibility
Creators: name: McCown, Thomas J.
name: Blake, Bonita L.
name: Weinberg, Marc S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Resected epileptic tissues exhibit elements of chronic neuroinflammation that include elevated TNFα and increased TNFα receptor activation, but the seizure related consequences of chronic TNFα expression remain unknown. Twenty four hours after acute limbic seizures the rat hippocampus exhibited a rapid upregulation of TNFR1, but a simultaneous downregulation of TNFR2. These limbic seizures also evoked significant increases in measures of neuroinflammation and caused significant neuronal cell death in both the hilus and CA3 of the hippocampus. In order to mimic a state of chronic TNFα exposure, adeno-associated viral vectors were packaged with a TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) specific agonist, human TNFα, or a TNF receptor 1/2 agonist, rat TNFα. Subsequently, chronic hippocampal overexpression of either TNFR ligand caused microglial activation and blood-brain barrier compromise, a pattern similar to limbic seizure-induced neuroinflammation. However, no evidence was found for neuronal cell death or spontaneous seizure activity. Thus, chronic, in vivo TNFα expression and the subsequent neuroinflammation alone did not cause cell death or elicit seizure activity. In contrast, chronic hippocampal activation of TNFR1 alone significantly increased limbic seizure sensitivity in both amygdala kainic acid and electrical amygdala kindling models, while chronic activation of both TNFR1 and TNFR2 significantly attenuated the amygdala kindling rate. With regard to endogenous TNFα, chronic hippocampal expression of a TNFα decoy receptor significantly reduced seizure-induced cell death in the hippocampus, but did not alter seizure susceptibility. These findings suggest that blockade of endogenous TNFα could attenuate seizure related neuropathology, while selective activation of TNFR2 could exert beneficial therapeutic effects on in vivo seizure sensitivity.
Top quark and charged Higgs production at hadron colliders
Creators: name: Kidonakis, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present a brief theoretical update on top quark pair production at the Tevatron and give values of the NNLO-NNNLL cross section for both m_t=175 and 178 GeV. I then present a calculation of the cross section for charged Higgs production in association with a top quark at the LHC, including NNLO soft-gluon corrections.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; presented at DIS 2005, Madison, Wisconsin, April 27-May 1, 2005