cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Smoothing of binary codes, uniform distributions, and applications
Creators: name: Pathegama, Madhura
name: Barg, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The action of a noise operator on a code transforms it into a distribution on the respective space. Some common examples from information theory include Bernoulli noise acting on a code in the Hamming space and Gaussian noise acting on a lattice in the Euclidean space. We aim to characterize the cases when the output distribution is close to the uniform distribution on the space, as measured by Rényi divergence of order $α\in (1,\infty]$. A version of this question is known as the channel resolvability problem in information theory, and it has implications for security guarantees in wiretap channels, error correction, discrepancy, worst-to-average case complexity reductions, and many other problems.
 Our work quantifies the requirements for asymptotic uniformity (perfect smoothing) and identifies explicit code families that achieve it under the action of the Bernoulli and ball noise operators on the code. We derive expressions for the minimum rate of codes required to attain asymptotically perfect smoothing. In proving our results, we leverage recent results from harmonic analysis of functions on the Hamming space. Another result pertains to the use of code families in Wyner's transmission scheme on the binary wiretap channel. We identify explicit families that guarantee strong secrecy when applied in this scheme, showing that nested Reed-Muller codes can transmit messages reliably and securely over a binary symmetric wiretap channel with a positive rate. Finally, we establish a connection between smoothing and error correction in the binary symmetric channel.
description: 30 pages, 2 figures. In v.2, the characterization of smoothing capacity was extended from integer orders of the R\'enyi divergence to all real orders $\alpha\in (1,\infty]$. Presentation reorganized, minor errors are corrected
Mutual information of subsystems and the Page curve for Schwarzschild de-Sitter black hole
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Anirban Roy
name: Saha, Ashis
name: Gangopadhyay, Sunandan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we show that the two proposals associated to the mutual information of matter fields can be given for an eternal Schwarzschild black hole in de-Sitter spacetime. These proposals also depicts the status of associated entanglement wedges and their roleplay in obtaining the correct Page curve of radiation. The first proposal has been give for the before Page time scenario, which shows that the mutual information $I(R_{H}^{+}:R_{H}^{-})$ vanishes at a certain value of the observer's time $t_{b_{H}}=t_{H}$ (where $t_{H}\ll β_{H}$). We claim that this is the Hartman-Maldacena time at which the entanglement wedge associated to $R_{H}^{+}\cup R_{H}^{-}$ gets disconnected and the fine-grained radiation entropy has the form $S(R_{H})\sim \log(β_{H})$. The second proposal depicts the fact that just after the Page time, when the replica wormholes are the dominating saddle-points, the mutual information $I(B_{H}^{+}:B_{H}^{-})$ vanishes as soon as the time difference $t_{a_{H}}-t_{b_{H}}$ equals the scrambling time. Holographically, this reflects that the entanglement wedge associated to $B_{H}^{+}\cup B_{H}^{-}$ jumps to the disconnected phase at this particular time-scale. Furthermore, these two proposals lead us to the correct time-evolution of the fine-grained entropy of radiation as portrayed by the Page curve. We have also shown that similar observations can be obtained for the radiation associated to the cosmological horizon.
description: v1:18 pages LaTex with multiple figures, v2: matches with the accepted version; To appear in Physical Review D
Monte Carlo analysis of the contributions of long-lived positronium to the spectra of positron-impact-induced secondary electrons measured using an annihilation-gamma-triggered time-of-flight spectrometer
Creators: name: Lotfimarangloo, S.
name: Chirayath, V. A.
name: Mukherjee, S.
name: Akafzade, H.
name: Fairchild, A. J.
name: Gladen, R. W.
name: Koymen, A. R.
name: Weiss, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic bottle Time-of-Flight (ToF) spectrometers can measure the energy spectra of all electrons emitted into a 2$π$ sr solid angle simultaneously, greatly reducing data collection time. When the detection of the annihilation gamma ($γ$) and the detection of the electron (e) are used as timing signals for ToF spectrometers, the e-$γ$ time difference spectra (e-$γ$ TDS) are reflective of the positron-induced electron energy distributions provided the times between the impact of the positrons and the emission of the annihilation gammas are short compared to the flight times of the electrons. This is typically the case since positrons have short lifetime in solids ($\sim$ 100 - 500 ps) compared to the flight times of the secondary electrons ($10^2$ ns to $10^3$ ns). However, if the positron leaves the surface as a positronium atom (a bound electron-positron state), the annihilation gamma photons can be appreciably delayed due to the longer ortho-positronium (o-Ps) lifetime. This can result in an e-$γ$ TDS having an exponential tail with a decay constant related to the o-Ps lifetime. Here, we present an analysis of the e-$γ$ TDS using a Monte Carlo model which estimates the spectral contributions resulting from o-Ps annihilations. By removing the contributions from the delayed gamma signal, the energy spectrum of Positron Impact-Induced Secondary electrons (PIISE) can be isolated. Furthermore, our analysis allows an estimation of the intensity of the exponential tail in the e-$γ$ TDS providing a method to measure the fraction of positrons that form Ps at solid surfaces without relying on assumed 100% Ps emitting surfaces for calibration.
Variable range hopping in a non-equilibrium steady state
Creators: name: Bhandari, Preeti
name: Malik, Vikas
name: Schechter, Moshe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a Monte Carlo simulation to understand electron transport in a non-equilibrium steady state (\textit{NESS}) for the lattice Coulomb Glass model, created by continuous excitation of single electrons to high energies followed by relaxation of the system. Around the Fermi level, the \textit{NESS} state approximately obeys the Fermi-Dirac statistics, with an effective temperature ($T_{eff}$) greater than the system's bath temperature ($T$). $T_{eff}$ is a function of $T$ and the rate of photon absorption by the system. Furthermore, we find that the change in conductivity is only a function of relaxation times and is almost independent of the bath temperature. Our results indicate that the conductivity of the \textit{NESS} state can still be characterized by the Efros-Shklovskii law with an effective temperature $T_{eff}>T$. Additionally, the dominance of phonon-less hopping over phonon-assisted hopping is used to explain the relevance of the hot-electron model to the conductivity of the \textit{NESS} state.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Opacity broadening and interpretation of suprathermal CO linewidths: Macroscopic Turbulence and Tangled Molecular Clouds
Creators: name: Hacar, A.
name: Alves, J.
name: Burkert, A.
name: Goldsmith, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) Many of the observed CO line profiles exhibit broad linewidths that greatly exceed the thermal broadening expected within molecular clouds. These suprathermal CO linewidths are assumed to be originated from the presence of unresolved supersonic motions inside clouds. Typically overlooked in the literature, in this paper we aim to quantify the impact of the opacity broadening effects on the current interpretation of the CO suprathermal line profiles. Without any additional contributions to the gas velocity field, a large fraction of the apparently supersonic (${\cal M}\sim$2-3) linewidths measured in both $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO (J=1-0) lines can be explained by the saturation of their corresponding sonic-like, optically-thin C$^{18}$O counterparts assuming standard isotopic fractionation. Combined with the presence of multiple components detected in our C$^{18}$O spectra, these opacity effects seem to be also responsible of the highly supersonic linewidths (${\cal M}>$8-10) detected in the broadest $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO spectra in Taurus. Our results demonstrate that most of the suprathermal $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO linewidths could be primarily created by a combination of opacity broadening effects and multiple gas velocity components blended in these saturated emission lines. Once corrected by their corresponding optical depth, each of these gas components present transonic intrinsic linewidths consistently traced by the three CO isotopologues within a factor of 2. Highly correlated and velocity-coherent at large scales, the largest and highly supersonic velocity differences inside clouds are generated by the relative motions between individual gas components. This highly discretized structure of the molecular gas traced in CO suggest that the gas dynamics inside molecular clouds could be better described by the properties of a fully-resolved macroscopic turbulence.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Room Temperature Exciton-Polariton Condensation in Silicon Metasurfaces Emerging from Bound States in the Continuum
Creators: name: Berghuis, Anton Matthijs
name: Castellanos, Gabriel W.
name: Murai, Shunsuke
name: Pura, Jose Luis
name: Abujetas, Diego R.
name: van Heijst, Erik
name: Ramezani, Mohammad
name: Sánchez-Gil, José A.
name: Rivas, Jaime Gómez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show the first experimental demonstration of room-temperature exciton-polariton (EP) condensation from a bound state in the continuum (BIC). This demonstration is achieved by strongly coupling stable excitons in an organic perylene dye with the extremely long-lived BIC in a dielectric metasurface of silicon nanoparticles. The long lifetime of the BIC, mainly due to the suppression of radiation leakage, allows for EP thermalization to the ground state before decaying. This property results in a condensation threshold of less than 5 μJ cm^{-2}, one order of magnitude lower that the lasing threshold reported in similar systems in the weak coupling limit.
ChatGPT Outperforms Crowd-Workers for Text-Annotation Tasks
Creators: name: Gilardi, Fabrizio
name: Alizadeh, Meysam
name: Kubli, Maël
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many NLP applications require manual data annotations for a variety of tasks, notably to train classifiers or evaluate the performance of unsupervised models. Depending on the size and degree of complexity, the tasks may be conducted by crowd-workers on platforms such as MTurk as well as trained annotators, such as research assistants. Using a sample of 2,382 tweets, we demonstrate that ChatGPT outperforms crowd-workers for several annotation tasks, including relevance, stance, topics, and frames detection. Specifically, the zero-shot accuracy of ChatGPT exceeds that of crowd-workers for four out of five tasks, while ChatGPT's intercoder agreement exceeds that of both crowd-workers and trained annotators for all tasks. Moreover, the per-annotation cost of ChatGPT is less than $0.003 -- about twenty times cheaper than MTurk. These results show the potential of large language models to drastically increase the efficiency of text classification.
description: Gilardi, Fabrizio, Meysam Alizadeh, and Ma\"el Kubli. 2023. "ChatGPT Outperforms Crowd Workers for Text-Annotation Tasks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120(30): e2305016120
Remarks on compressible convection in Super-Earths
Creators: name: Ricard, Yanick
name: Alboussière, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radial density of planets increases with depth due to compressibility, leading to impacts on their convective dynamics. To account for these effects, including the presence of a quasi-adiabatic temperature profile and entropy sources due to dissipation, the compressibility is expressed through a dissipation number, $\mathcal{D}$, proportional to the planet's radius and gravity. In Earth's mantle, compressibility effects are moderate, but in large rocky or liquid exoplanets (Super-Earths), the dissipation number can become very large. This paper explores the properties of compressible convection when the dissipation number is significant. We start by selecting a simple Murnaghan equation of state that embodies the fundamental properties of condensed matter at planetary conditions. Next, we analyze the characteristics of adiabatic profiles and demonstrate that the ratio between the bottom and top adiabatic temperatures is relatively small and probably less than 2. We examine the marginal stability of compressible mantles and reveal that they can undergo convection with either positive or negative superadiabatic Rayleigh numbers. Lastly, we delve into simulations of convection performed using the exact equations of mechanics, neglecting inertia (infinite Prandtl number case), and examine their consequences for Super-Earths dynamics.
description: 31 pages, 15 figures
Wormhole Model for Neon-20
Creators: name: Manton, Nicholas S.
name: Dunajski, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum mechanical model for the Neon-20 nucleus is developed that allows for the splitting of a bipyramidal structure of five alpha-partices into an alpha-particle and an Oxygen-16 nucleus. The geometry of the configuration space is assumed to be a 3-dimensional spatial wormhole, and on the wormhole background there is an attractive short-range potential. This leads to a radial Schrödinger equation of the Heun form, which simplifies for threshold bound states to an associated Legendre equation that has explicit solutions. The energies of the true bound states for all spin/parities are numerically calculated, and match those of the well-established $K^π=0^+$, $K^π=0^-$, and certain higher rotational bands of Neon-20.
description: 20 pages. Final version, to appear in Nuclear Physics A
Effect of atomic anti-site disorder on the AMR in FeCo alloys
Creators: name: Zhang, Mingsong
name: Peng, Bin
name: Zhang, Wanli
name: Zhang, Wenxu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to understand the anti-site disorder effect on the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) effect in alloys, $\rm{Fe}_{50}Co_{50}$ alloys were studied in this work using the fully relativistic spin-polarized screened (KKR) method. The anti-site effect was modeled by interchanging Fe and Co atoms and treated by the coherent potential approximation (CPA). We find that the anti-site disorder broadens the spectral function and decreases the conductivity. Our work emphasizes that the absolute variations of resistivity under magnetic moment rotation are less affected by atomic disorders. The annealing procedure improves the AMR by reduction of the total resistivity. At the same time, we also find that the fourth-order term in the angular dependent resistivity becomes weaker when the disorder increases, resulting from increased scattering of the states around the band-crossing.
description: 12pages, 7 figures
Functional flows in QED and the modified Ward-Takahashi identity
Creators: name: Igarashi, Yuji
name: Itoh, Katsumi
name: Pawlowski, Jan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the functional renormalisation group approach to gauge theory, the Ward-Takahashi identity is modified due to the presence of an infrared cutoff term. It take the most accessible form for the Wilsonian effective action. In the present work we solve these identities, partially, for the Wilson effective action of QED. In particular, we compute the longitudinal part of the photon two point vertex function as a momentum- dependent function in the presence of the cutoff k. The resultant Wilsonian effective action carries form factors that originate from the modified Ward-Takahashi identity. We show how this result carries over to the one-particle-irreducible effective action.
description: 15 pages
Promece - 3D Industrial Inspection - New Hardware Description
Creators: name: ITI
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: PROMECE 2015
industrial inspection
3D
industry
manufacturing
quality assurance

description: Instituto Tecnológico de Informática has a non-economic Activities Plan (PROMECE) whose general objective is to strengthen the research lines in which the Institute works, within the scope of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT).

Within the line, 3D Industrial Inspection, we work on the development of an artificial vision and pattern recognition based system, aimed to assess the quality of the parts produced at the industrial processes by means of automatic object defect detection.

This document describes how several hardware subsystems have been redesigned and implemented to provide the 3D inspection system with the required features that industrial environments demand. Specifically, work has been done in the feeder, lighting and image acquisition subsystems.
description: PROMECE 2015. Project funded by the Valencian Institute of Business Competitiveness (IVACE) and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), within the public grant program adressed to Technological Institutes of IVACE network. File number: IMAMCN/2015/1
When physical intuition fails
Creators: name: Singh, Chandralekha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the problem solving strategies of physics professors in a case where their physical intuition fails. A non-intuitive introductory-level problem was identified and posed to twenty physics professors. The problem placed the professors in a situation often encountered by students, and their response highlights the importance of intuition and experience in problem solving. While professors had difficulty in solving the problem under the time constraint, they initially employed a systematic approach, e.g., visualizing the problem, considering various conservation laws, and examining limiting cases. After finding that familiar techniques were not fruitful, they made incorrect predictions based on one of two equally important factors. By contrast, other more familiar problems that require the consideration of two important principles (e.g., conservation of both energy and momentum for a ballistic pendulum) are quickly solved by the same professors. The responses of students who were given the same problem reflected no overarching strategies or systematic approaches, and a much wider variety of incorrect responses were given. This investigation highlights the importance of teaching effective problem solving heuristics, and suggests that instructors assess the difficulty of a problem from the perspective of beginning students.
description: 7 pages, PACS: 01.40Fk,01.40.gb,01.40G-,1.30.Rr; keywords: physics education research, expertise, intuition, problem solving, expert-novice differences, non-intuitive problem
Integrated lithium niobate optical phased array for two-dimensional beam steering
Creators: name: Yue, Gongcheng
name: Li, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical phased arrays (OPAs) with high speed, low power consumption, and low insertion loss are appealing for many applications, such as light detection and ranging, free-space communication, image projection, and imaging. These OPAs can be achieved by fully leveraging the high electro-optic modulation speed, low driving voltage, and low optical loss of integrated lithium niobate (LN) photonics. Here we present an integrated LN OPA operating in the near-infrared regime, demonstrating a 24 * 8° two-dimensional beam steering, a far-field beam spot with full-width at half-maximum of 2 * 0.6°, and a side lobe suppression level of 10 dB. Additionally, our OPA's phase modulator features a half wave voltage of 6 V. Our OPA opens the door of high speed, low power-consumption, and low loss integrated LN OPAs for various applications.
A model for critical current effects in point-contact Andreev-reflection spectroscopy
Creators: name: Daghero, Dario
name: Piatti, Erik
name: Zhigadlo, Nikolai D.
name: Gonnelli, Renato S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that point-contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy provides reliable measurements of the energy gap(s) in a superconductor when the contact is in the ballistic or nearly-ballistic regime. However, especially when the mean free path of the material under study is small, obtaining ballistic contacts can be a major challenge. One of the signatures of a Maxwell contribution to the contact resistance is the presence of "dips" in the differential conductance, associated to the sudden appearance of a Maxwell term, in turn due to the attainment of the critical current of the material in the contact region. Here we show that, using a proper model for the $R(I)$ of the material under study, it is possible to fit the experimental curves (without the need of normalization) obtaining the correct values of the gap amplitudes even in the presence of such dips, as well as the temperature dependence of the critical current in the contact. We present a test of the procedure in the case of Andreev-reflection spectra in Mg$_{0.85}$Al$_{0.15}$B$_2$ single crystals.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Exploring terahertz-scale exchange resonances in synthetic ferrimagnets with ultrashort optically induced spin currents
Creators: name: Hintermayr, Julian
name: van Hees, Youri L. W.
name: Koopmans, Bert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using spin currents generated by fs laser pulses, we demonstrate excitation of GHz ferromagnetic resonance and THz ferrimagnetic exchange resonances in Co/Gd/Co/Gd multilayers by time-resolved magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements. Varying the Gd layer thickness allows for a tuning of the resonance spectrum by manipulating the total angular momentum and strength of effective exchange fields between the antiferromagnetically coupled layers. Close to the compensation point of angular momentum, a minimum in the frequency of the exchange-dominated mode and a maximum in the frequency of the ferromagnetic resonance mode is observed. Finally, to gain better understanding of the excitation mechanism, we analyze the anomalous variation in the measured exchange mode amplitude as a function of its frequency. A peak in this amplitude in the vicinity of the compensation point of angular momentum is explained using a macrospin model, taking nonlinear effects at finite precession amplitudes into account.
Comments on Non-invertible Symmetries in Argyres-Douglas Theories
Creators: name: Carta, Federico
name: Giacomelli, Simone
name: Mekareeya, Noppadol
name: Mininno, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the presence of non-invertible symmetries in an infinite family of superconformal Argyres-Douglas theories. This class of theories arises from diagonal gauging of the flavor symmetry of a collection of multiple copies of $D_p(\mathrm{SU}(N))$ theories. The same set of theories that we study can also be realized from 6d $\mathcal{N}=(1,0)$ compactification on a torus. The main example in this class is the $(A_2, D_4)$ theory. We show in detail that this specific theory bears the same structures of non-invertible duality and triality defects as those of $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills with gauge algebra $\mathfrak{su}(2)$. We extend this result to infinitely many other Argyres-Douglas theories in the same family, including those with central charges $a=c$ whose conformal manifold is one dimensional, and those with $a\neq c$ whose conformal manifold has dimension larger than one. Our result is supported by examining certain special cases that can be realized in terms of theories of class $\mathcal{S}$.
description: v2: added references, JHEP accepted, v1: 29 pages + 1 appendix
Flavor conversions with energy-dependent neutrino emission and absorption
Creators: name: Kato, Chinami
name: Nagakura, Hiroki
name: Zaizen, Masamichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast neutrino flavor conversions (FFCs) and collisional flavor instabilities (CFIs) potentially affect the dynamics of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) and binary neutron star mergers (BNSMs). Under the assumption of homogeneous neutrinos, we investigate effects of neutrino emission and absorption (EA) by matters through both single and multi-energy numerical simulations with physically motivated setup. In our models, FFCs dominate over CFIs in the early phase, while EA secularly and significantly give impacts on flavor conversions. They facilitate angular swaps, or the full exchange between electron neutrinos ($ν_e$) and heavy-leptonic neutrinos ($ν_x$). As a result, the number density of $ν_x$ becomes more abundant than the case without EA, despite the fact that the isotropization by EA terminates the FFCs earlier. In the later phase, the system approaches new asymptotic states characterized by EA and CFIs, in which rich energy-dependent structures also emerge. Multi-energy effects sustain FFCs and the time evolution of the flavor conversion becomes energy dependent, which are essentially in line with effects of the isoenergetic scattering studied in our previous paper. We also find that $ν_x$ in the high-energy region convert into $ν_e$ via flavor conversions and then they are absorbed through charged current reactions, exhibiting the possibility of new path of heating matters.
description: 18 pages, 17 figures, accepted to PRD
Insilico evaluation of isatin-based derivatives with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
Creators: name: M., Rajesh Kumar
name: Gideon, Daniel A.
name: Mariadasse, Richard
name: Nirusimhan, Vijay
name: A., Sherlin Rosita
name: Edward, Jesu Castin
name: Jeyaraman, Jeyakanthan
name: V., Violet Dhayabaran
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione)-containing compounds have been shown to possess several remarkable biological activities. We had previously explored a few isatin-based imidazole derivatives for their predicted dual activity against both inflammation and cancer. We explored 47 different isatin-based derivatives (IBDs) for other potential biological activities using in silico tools and found them to possess anti-viral activity. Using AutoDock tools, the binding site, binding energy, inhibitory constant/Ki and receptor-ligand interactions for each of the compounds were analyzed against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The partition coefficient (logP) values were predicted using MedChem Designer tool. Based on the best Ki, binding energy and the ideal range of logP (between 1.0 and 3.0), 10 out of total 47 compounds were deemed to be prospective RdRp inhibitors. Some of these compounds gave better Ki, binding energy and logP values when compared to standard RdRp inhibitors, such as remdesivir (REM) (Ki = 15.61 μM, logP = 2.2; binding energy = −6.95), a clinically approved RdRp inhibitor and nine other RdRp inhibitors. The results showed that the 10 selected IBDs could be further explored. Molecular dynamics simulations (MDSs) showed that the selected RdRp-IBD complexes were highly stable compared to the native RdRp and RdRp-REM complex during 100 ns time periods. DFT studies were performed for the compounds 16a, 24a, 28a, 38a and 40a, to evaluate the charge transfer mechanism for the interactions between the IBDs and the RdRp residues. Among these, ADME profiling revealed that 28a is a possible lead compound which can be explored further for anti-RdRp activity in vitro. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Elastic shakedown and roughness evolution in repeated elastic-plastic contact
Creators: name: Frérot, Lucas
name: Pastewka, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surface roughness emerges naturally during mechanical removal of material, fracture, chemical deposition, plastic deformation, indentation, and other processes. Here, we use continuum simulations to show how roughness which is neither Gaussian nor self-affine emerges from repeated elastic-plastic contact of rough and rigid surfaces on a flat elastic-plastic substrate. Roughness profiles change with each contact cycle, but appear to approach a steady-state long before the substrate stops deforming plastically and has hence "shaken-down" elastically. We propose a simple dynamic collapse for the emerging power-spectral density, which shows that the multi-scale nature of the roughness is encoded in the first few indentations. In contrast to macroscopic roughness parameters, roughness at small scales and the skewness of the height distribution of the resulting roughness do not show a steady-state, with the latter vanishing asymptotically with contact cycle.
GEM Detectors for the CMS Endcap Muon System: status of three new detector stations
Creators: name: Verwilligen, Piet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC, or Phase 2 LHC) will deliver proton-proton collisions at 5-7.5 times the nominal LHC luminosity, with an expected number of 140-200 pp-interactions per bunch crossing (Pile-up or PU). To maintain the performance of muon triggering and reconstruction under high background radiation, the forward part of the Muon spectrometer of the CMS experiment will be upgraded with Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM) and improved Resistive Plate Chambers (iRPC) detectors. A first GEM station (GE1/1) was installed during long-shutdown 2 (LS2, 2019-2021), a 2$^{\text{nd}}$ station (GE2/1) of Triple-GEM detectors will be installed in winter 2023-24 and 2024-25, while a new 6-layer station (ME0) will be installed in the third long shutdown (LS3, 2026-2028). GE11 is considered an early Phase 2 upgrade as it will reduce the $p_{T}$ threshold by combining GEM and Cathode Strip Chamber (CSC) hits in the forward muon system at twice the LHC design luminosity ($\mathcal{L} = 2 \cdot 10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, 50 PU). After a successful start of Run 3 in 2022, with almost 40 fb$^{-1}$ collected, the commissioning of the GE1/1 detector is nearly complete. Most chambers are operated stabily with an efficiency in excess of 95%, next being the demonstration of the combined CSC-GEM trigger in 2023. The lessons learnt with the first large-area GEM station have lead to improvements in detector and electronics design for the Phase 2 detectors GE2/1 and ME0. This proceeding will discuss the progress made since last MPGD Conference (MPGD 2019), discussing the commissioning and early performance of GE1/1; the design improvements and start of construction of GE2/1; and the R&D currently ongoing for ME0.
description: The 7th International Conference on Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors, MPGD2022
Galesus (Schizogalesus) modestus Nixon 1930
Creators: name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Diapriidae
Galesus
Galesus modestus

description: Galesus (Schizogalesus) modestus Nixon, 1930: 401, 408.
Valid name
Coptera modesta (Nixon, 1930).
Summary of types
Syntype ♀, BMNH number 9.665. Syntype ♀.
Primary type data
Type; Port St. John/ Pondoland/ July 10-31, 1923; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1923-398; Galesus / modestus/ Nixon ♀ type 1930 (syntype ♀). Type; Port St. John/ Pondoland/ Jan. 1924; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1924-97; Galesus / modestus/ Nixon ♀ paratype 1930 (syntype ♀).
Type locality
South Africa, Eastern Cape Province, Port St Johns.
Remarks
There are two females agreeing with Nixon’s description and labelled by him as Galesus modestus. Of these, one is labelled as “type” and the other “ paratype ”; however, since neither a unique holotype or lectotype has yet been fixed, all of the type series is syntypic (Article 73.2). Both syntypes are mounted on card points and are entire.
description: Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on page 90, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773
Angular dependence of the electrically driven and detected ferromagnetic resonance in Ni$_{36}$Fe$_{64}$ wires
Creators: name: Gao, Qiang
name: Tsoi, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the angular dependence of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in Ni$_{36}$Fe$_{64}$ wires using both traditional microwave-absorption and electrical-detection techniques. In our experiments we apply a static magnetic field at an angle $θ$ with respect to the wire, while the microwave current, which is responsible for driving FMR, is always flowing along the wire. For different $θ$s we find a very similar behavior for both microwave-absorption and electrically-detected FMR -- the resonance magnetic field follows a simple "$1/\cos(θ)$" dependence. This simple behavior highlights the importance of the relative orientation between the driving current and magnetic field. We also investigated the dependence of the electrically detected FMR on dc and rf (microwave) current magnitudes. As expected, the resonance signal increases linearly with both the applied dc current and the microwave power.
Small Black Holes and Near-Extremal CFTs
Creators: name: Benjamin, Nathan
name: Dyer, Ethan
name: Fitzpatrick, A. Liam
name: Maloney, Alexander
name: Perlmutter, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pure theories of AdS$_3$ quantum gravity are conjectured to be dual to CFTs with sparse spectra of light primary operators. The sparsest possible spectrum consistent with modular invariance includes only black hole states above the vacuum. Witten conjectured the existence of a family of extremal CFTs, which realize this spectrum for all admissible values of the central charge. We consider the quantum corrections to the classical spectrum, and propose a specific modification of Witten's conjecture which takes into account the existence of "small" black hole states. These have zero classical horizon area, with a calculable entropy attributed solely to loop effects. Our conjecture passes various consistency checks, especially when generalized to include theories with supersymmetry. In theories with $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetry, this "near-extremal CFT" proposal precisely evades the no-go results of Gaberdiel et al.
description: 41 pages + appendices, 6 figures
Isoleucine with secondary sulfonamide functionality as anticancer, antibacterial and antifungal agents
Creators: name: Devi, Kirna
name: Awasthi, Pamita
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Isoleucine substituted analogues with secondary sulfonamide group (I1–I6) have been synthesized. Structures of synthesized analogues have been confirmed by Fourier Transform-Infrared Red, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H and 13C) and ESI-MS spectroscopic tools. Cytotoxic screenings of synthesized analogues have been done on MCF-7 (breast), Prostate Cancer-3 (PC-3) and A549 (lung) cancer cell lines. N-(1-isobutyl-2-oxo-2-anilinoethyl) p-toluene sulfonamide (I5) screened to be better cytotoxic agent on MCF-7 and A549 cell lines whereas N-(1-isobutyl-2-oxo-2-p-chloroanilino ethyl) benzene sulfonamide (I3) against PC-3 cell line. Cell cycle analysis of N-(1-isobutyl-2-oxo-2-anilinoethyl) p-toluene sulfonamide (I5) analogue has been carried out on A549 cell line in comparison to control and Vinblastine (standard drug). Complete arrest in G0 and G1 phase along with mild disturbance in S-phase of cell cycle has been observed. The screened analogues (I1–I6) also showed good antifungal and antibacterial potential against gram positive as well as gram negative strains. Computer simulation indicated good bioactivity prediction by the ‘Lipinski rule’ and synthesized analogues did not violate this rule. Docking study of isoleucine sulfonamide analogues (I1–I6) were carried out to determine the possible interaction sites of the analogues with p53 tumor suppressor-DNA complex and demonstrate that the analogues confirmed binding and inhibition with the most mutated residues of p53. Density functional theory has been used to correlate the electronic and chemical properties of analogues and they were found to be stable and chemically reactive. Thus the results suggest that isoleucine substituted sulfonamide analogues can serve as a structural model for the design of anticancer agents, antibacterial agents as well as antifungal agents with better inhibitory potential. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
A novel survey for young substellar objects with the W-band filter VI: Spectroscopic census of sub-stellar members and the IMF of $σ$ Orionis cluster
Creators: name: Damian, Belinda
name: Jose, Jessy
name: Biller, Beth
name: Herczeg, Gregory J.
name: Albert, Loic
name: Allers, Katelyn
name: Zhang, Zhoujian
name: Liu, Michael C.
name: Dubber, Sophie
name: Paul, KT
name: Chen, Wen-Ping
name: Lalchand, Bhavana
name: Sharma, Tanvi
name: Oasa, Yumiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-mass stars and sub-stellar objects are essential in tracing the initial mass function (IMF). We study the nearby young $σ$ Orionis cluster (d$\sim$408 pc; age$\sim$1.8 Myr) using deep NIR photometric data in J, W and H-bands from WIRCam on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. We use the water absorption feature to photometrically select the brown dwarfs and confirm their nature spectroscopically with the IRTF-SpeX. Additionally we select candidate low-mass stars for spectroscopy and analyze their membership and that of literature sources using astrometry from Gaia DR3. We obtain the near-IR spectra for 28 very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs and estimate their spectral type between M3-M8.5 (mass ranging between 0.3-0.01 M$_{\odot}$). Apart from these, we also identify 5 new planetary mass candidates which require further spectroscopic confirmation of youth. We compile the comprehensive catalog of 170 spectroscopically confirmed members in the central region of the cluster, for a wide mass range of $\sim$19-0.004 M$_{\odot}$. We estimate the star/BD ratio to be $\sim$4, within the range reported for other nearby star forming regions. With the updated catalog of members we trace the IMF down to 4 M$_\mathrm{Jup}$ and we find that a two-segment power-law fits the sub-stellar IMF better than the log-normal distribution.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal (ApJ). 27 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables
Exploiting Multisensory Modalities For Mathematics Learning Based On Multimodal Technology And Serious Games
Creators: name: Volta, Erica
name: Alborno, Paolo
name: Piana, Stefano
name: Volpe, Gualtiero
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: multisensory perception
multimodal technology
perceptual learning

description: At school, the visual channel is often the most frequently exploited one for teaching, and the other channels are left a marginal role only. The visual signal, however, is not always the more powerful and effective channel for perception. Recent results from psychophysics and developmental psychology show indeed that children have a preferential sensory channel to learn specific (spatial and/or temporal) concepts. In this work, we explore the possibility of developing and evaluating a new methodology, supported by novel multisensory technologies, to teaching and learning arithmetic (time) and geometry (space). The main novelty of the proposed approach comes from a deeper understanding of the role of communication between sensory modalities during development, that is, that specific sensory systems have specific roles for learning specific concepts. Results suggest that it is possible to open a new teaching/learning channel, personalized for each student based on the child’s sensory skills. Multisensory interactive technologies including a hardware and software platform to support this approach are presented and discussed.
Masses of Third Family Vector-like Quarks and Leptons in Yukawa-Unified $E_6$
Creators: name: Hebbar, Aditya
name: Leontaris, George K.
name: Shafi, Qaisar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In supersymmetric $E_6$ the masses of the third family quarks and charged lepton, $t-b-τ$, as well as the masses of the vector-like quarks and leptons, $D-\bar{D}$ and $ L-\bar{L}$, may arise from the coupling $27_3$ x $27_3$ x $27_H$, where $27_3$ and $27_H$ denote the third family matter and Higgs multiplets respectively. We assume that the SO(10) singlet component in $27_H$ acquires a TeV scale VEV which spontaneously breaks U(1)$_ψ$ and provides masses to the vector-like particles in $27_3$, while the MSSM doublets in $27_H$ provide masses to $ t, b$ and $τ$. Imposing Yukawa coupling unification $h_t=h_b=h_τ=h_D=h_L$ at $M_{GUT}$ and employing the ATLAS and CMS constraints on the $Z'_ψ$ boson mass, we estimate the lower bounds on the third family vector-like particles $D-\bar{D}$ and $L-\bar{L}$ masses to be around 5.85 TeV and 2.9 TeV respectively. These bounds apply in the supersymmetric limit.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Physics of Automated-Driving Vehicular Traffic
Creators: name: Kerner, Boris S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have found that a variety of phase transitions occurring between three traffic phases (free flow (F), synchronized flow (S), and wide moving jam (J)) determine the spatiotemporal dynamics of traffic consisting of 100% automated-driving vehicles moving on a two-lane road with an on-ramp bottleneck. This means that three-phase traffic theory is a common framework for the description of traffic states independent of whether human-driving or automated-driving vehicles move in vehicular traffic. To prove this, we have studied automated-driving vehicular traffic with the use of classical Helly's model (1959) widely applied for automated vehicle motion. Although dynamic rules of the motion of automated-driving vehicles in a road lane are qualitatively different from those of human-driving vehicles, we have revealed that a free-flow-to-synchronized-flow transition (F$\rightarrow$S transition) exhibits the nucleation nature, which was observed in empirical field data measured in traffic consisting of 100% human-driving vehicles. The physics of the nucleation nature of the F$\rightarrow$S transition in automated-driving traffic is associated with a discontinuity in the rate of lane-changing that causes the discontinuity in the rate of over-acceleration. This discontinuous character of over-acceleration leads to both the existence and self-maintaining of synchronized flow at the bottleneck in automated-driving vehicular traffic as well as to the existence at any time instant of a range of highway capacities between some minimum and maximum capacities. Within the capacity range, an F$\rightarrow$S transition can be induced; however, when the maximum capacity is exceeded, then after some time-delay a spontaneous F$\rightarrow$S transition occurs at the bottleneck. The phases F, S, and J can coexist each other in space and time.
description: 25 pages, 37 figures
Experimental simulation of quantum superchannels
Creators: name: Li, Hang
name: Wang, Kai
name: Wei, Shijie
name: Yang, Fan
name: Chen, Xinyu
name: Sanders, Barry C.
name: Wang, Dong-Sheng
name: Long, Gui-Lu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulating quantum physical processes has been one of the major motivations for quantum information science. Quantum channels, which are completely positive and trace preserving processes, are the standard mathematical language to describe quantum evolution, while in recent years quantum superchannels have emerged as the substantial extension. Superchannels capture effects of quantum memory and non-Markovianality more precisely, and have found broad applications in universal models, algorithm, metrology, discrimination tasks, as examples. Here, we report an experimental simulation of qubit superchannels in a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system with high accuracy, based on a recently developed quantum algorithm for superchannel simulation. Our algorithm applies to arbitrary target superchannels, and our experiment shows the high quality of NMR simulators for near-term usage. Our approach can also be adapted to other experimental systems and demonstrates prospects for more applications of superchannels.