cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Michael John Caldwell Gordon - Bibliography from Michael John Caldwell Gordon. 28 February 1948—22 August 2017
Creators: name: Paulson, Lawrence C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 20203 Particle Physics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Michael Gordon was a pioneer in the field of interactive theorem proving and hardware verification. In the 1970s, he had the vision of formally verifying system designs, proving their correctness using mathematics and logic. He demonstrated his ideas on real-world computer designs. His students extended the work to such diverse areas as the verification of floating-point algorithms, the verification of probabilistic algorithms and the verified translation of source code to correct machine code. He was elected to the Royal Society in 1994, and he continued to produce outstanding research until retirement.His achievements include his work at Edinburgh University helping to create Edinburgh LCF, the first interactive theorem prover of its kind, and the ML family of functional programming languages. He adopted higher-order logic as a general formalism for verification, showing that it could specify hardware designs from the gate level right up to the processor level. It turned out to be an ideal formalism for many problems in computer science and mathematics. His tools and techniques have exerted a huge influence across the field of formal verification.
Analysis of the apoptotic threshold at the onset of embryonic differentiation
Creators: name: Sanchez Nieto, Juan Miguel
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: The first step of embryonic differentiation involves a transition from a naïve to a primed pluripotency state that occurs between the pre- and post-implantation stages of development. Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) are used as in vitro models of each of these pluripotent states. Although significant insight has been gained into the regulation of the self-renewal and differentiation capacity of pluripotent cells, little is known regarding how their survival is controlled. It has been demonstrated that cells in the primed pluripotent state are hypersensitive to cell death stimuli. Here we show the importance of miRNAs ensuring cell survival of EpiSCs and post-implantation embryos preventing apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein BIM. In this way, miRNAs maintain primed pluripotent cells in a state that is also primed for death. We next compared if ESCs and EpiSCs have different apoptotic requirements. We observed that while EpiSCs are very sensitive to apoptotic stimuli and require the expression of the anti-apoptotic factors Bcl2, Bcl-xL, Bcl-w and Mcl1 for their survival, ESCs are relatively resistant to apoptosis and mainly rely on Mcl1 to block apoptosis. To unravel the possible reasons for these different apoptotic requirements we studied mitochondrial morphology and dynamics and found that as cells exit the naïve pluripotent state they change from having fragmented to having fused mitochondria. Furthermore, we demonstrated that inhibiting mitochondrial fusion by inhibiting DRP1 or inhibiting mitochondrial activity by blocking the activity of the ATP-synthase, increased the sensitivity of ESCs to cell death. Therefore, these results highlight how miRNA expression, pluripotency status, metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics determine the apoptotic threshold during the early stages of embryonic development.
Interactive buckling in thin-walled I-section struts of uniform thickness
Creators: name: Liu, Elizabeth Long
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Thin-walled, metallic structures are widely used across many engineering industries and are a popular choice due to their high load bearing capacity to self weight ratios. Interactive buckling is a common and potentially dangerous form of instability in these structures. The current work aims to investigate interactive global-local buckling in an I-section compression strut with rigidly rotating flange-web joints, using primarily an analytical approach. The analytical approach uses the Rayleigh-Ritz method, combined with continuous displacement functions to formulate a system of ordinary differential and integral equations, describing the equilibrium states of the strut. Initially, weak axis global-local buckling interaction is considered where both the flange and the web components of the cross-section contribute to the local buckling mode, owing to the rigidly rotating flange-web joint. The solutions are validated using a finite element (FE) model, showing excellent comparisons. The strut is then considered to be braced in the weak axis, thus susceptible to strong axis global-local buckling interaction. The strong axis global buckling mode and local buckling of the flange and web components are first considered separately, revealing a neutrally stable and stable post-buckling response respectively. The buckling modes are then combined in an analytical model, enabling them to act simultaneously; it is found that the critical, global buckling mode has a neutrally stable post-buckling path, which then becomes highly unstable when the local buckling mode is triggered and mode interaction is observed. The solution is validated against an FE model and shows excellent comparisons. Imperfection sensitivity of the strut is then investigated, revealing that the structure is sensitive to both global and local initial geometric imperfections. The shape of the local imperfection to which the strut is most sensitive is also identified and it shows a greater sensitivity when both global and local imperfections are present simultaneously. The solutions for an example strut with imperfections is compared to an FE model, again showing excellent comparisons. Parametric studies are conducted to investigate the effect of varying the geometry of the strut. Both the strut length and cross-section height are varied in independent studies, identifying the geometries that give rise to the most interactive, and therefore most undesirable, behaviour in the structure. The implications of the identified behaviour on the design of similar structures is discussed. The post-buckling behaviour of a thin-walled I-section strut, buckling under either weak or strong axis global-local mode interaction with rigidly rotating flange-web joints has therefore been established at a fundamental level, using an analytical approach.
Composable security of two-way continuous-variable quantum key distribution without active symmetrization
Creators: name: Ghorai, Shouvik
name: Diamanti, Eleni
name: Leverrier, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general framework encompassing a number of continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocols, including standard one-way protocols, measurement-device-independent protocols as well as some two-way protocols, or any other continuous-variable protocol involving only a Gaussian modulation of coherent states and heterodyne detection. The main interest of this framework is that the corresponding protocols are all covariant with respect to the action of the unitary group $U(n)$, implying that their security can be established thanks to a Gaussian de Finetti reduction. In particular, we give a composable security proof of two-way continuous-variable quantum key distribution against general attacks. We also prove that no active symmetrization procedure is required for these protocols, which would otherwise make them prohibitively costly to implement.
description: 14 pages
Galactic Models of Gamma-Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Lamb, Donald Q.
name: Bulik, Tomasz
name: Coppi, Paolo S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe observational evidence and theoretical calculations which support the high velocity neutron star model of gamma-ray bursts. We estimate the energetic requirements in this model, and discuss possible energy sources. we also consider radiative processes involved in the bursts.
description: 16 pages Latex file in revtex format. Fourteen postscript figures come in a separate file. To appear in the Proceedings of the 1995 La Jolla Workshop "High Velocity Neutron Stars and Gamma-Ray Bursts", eds. R. Rorschild etal., AIP, New York
Impact of Polystyrene Nanoparticles on Lung Epithelial Barrier Formation and Functionality
Creators: name: Michelini, Sara
name: Repar, Neza
name: Kurešepi, Ema
name: Šimunović, Katarina
name: Barbero, Francesco
name: Martin, Shicht
name: Jüngert, Katharina
name: Ganin, Victor
name: Fenoglio, Ivana
name: Paulsen, Friedrich
name: Erman, Andreja
name: Šetina Batič, Barbara
name: Mandić Mulec, Ines
name: Jemec Kokalj, Anita
name: Drobne, Damjana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are one of the most widespread pollutants of our time. They can be manufactured in specific sizes for a specific purpose or be released into the environment through the degradation of plastic products. Humans are generally exposed to MNPs via two main routes: food ingestion or inhalation of air. In the latter case, it has already been reported that airborne particles can enter and accumulate in the lower respiratory tract, leading to occupational diseases. This study aims to assess the impact of 274 nm europium-doped polystyrene (PS-Eu) particles on the integrity and functionality of the lung barrier, especially in terms of surfactant production. The presented results were produced both on A549 cells grown in “standard” submerged (Sub) conditions as well as by performing the assays in Air-liquid interface conditions (ALI) using transwells which resemble more closely the real-life settings.
Linking tree shapes to the spread of infection using generalised branching processes
Creators: name: Plazzotta, Giacomo
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: In this work we look at the shapes of pathogen phylogenetic trees derived from the the spread of an infection. The mathematical framework is the general Crump-Mode-Jager branching process. In an exploratory, simulation study we look at how memory affects the general shape of the tree. By general shape we intend measures such as the imbalance of the tree, the average ladder length, and others. Memory is introduced by defining a non-constant infectivity function which, through a non-honogeneous Poisson process, defines the spread of the infection between hosts. We found that memory, in the way we introduced it, has less effect than expected on the overall shape, but has a marked effect on the size of the tree, even if the Malthusian parameter is kept constant. With a more theoretical approach, we investigate the frequency of subshapes in supercritical branching processes. Through characteristic functions we were able to count the number of subshapes within a growing tree. We prove that the ratio between the number of such shapes and the tips converges to a limit as the tree grows. In the case of homogeneous processes, the limit of the cherries to tips ratio depends only on a simple function of the basic reproduction number of the pathogen. We used this relation to develop a new method of inference of the basic reproduction number. This method increase precision for larger sets of taxa, which are becoming more and more available after the advent of next generation DNA sequences. However, the correctness of the tree reconstructed with the methods currently available still remains dubious, thus the number of cherries may be incorrect. To by-pass the reconstruction, we develop an algorithm able to provide an estimate of the number of the cherries directly from the sequences. Its precision is similar or higher than other methods that reconstruct the tree first to provide the cherries estimate. Its high level of parallelisability enables time complexity to be linear, but it is quadratic if not parallelised. This technique combined with the inference of the basic reproduction number constitutes the first phylodynamics method without a tree. On a side project we evaluate the prevalence of tuberculosis mixed infection, which is likely to be twice as high of the detected 15%.
Electrical characteristics of single molecule fullerene based devices
Creators: name: Thong, Aaron
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: This thesis investigates the design of a unimolecular donor-acceptor system (4TPA-C60) for the purpose of developing biomimetic Turin IETS sensors. The gas phase 4TPA-C60 molecule is calculated to have a localised double-well electronic structure, which is similar to that of a nanowire resonant tunnelling device. 4TPA-C60 decorated gold surfaces are prepared from scratch, and characterised at each step. STM imaging confirms successful grafting of the molecular species to the gold surface. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy performed on these molecular double-barrier tunnel junctions show a slightly asymmetric I(V ) profile, similar to predictions from ab initio calculations. DFT calculations also reveal that the behaviour of the device is strongly dependent on the supramolecular couplings at both metal/molecule interfaces. A new phenomenon is identified, where pinning of the LUMO to the HOMO states maintains the resonant transmission channel and prevents crossing of the frontier molecular orbitals at higher biases. The HOMO-LUMO pinning effect is determined to arise from charge accumulation on the C60 cage, due to smaller coupling at the C60/metal interface. By preventing crossing of the states, HOMO-LUMO pinning delays the onset of the NDR feature, resulting in a wider current peak and lower resolution of the sensor. Based on the charge transport mechanism, several alternative systems are proposed in which HOMO-LUMO pinning can be minimized. An endohedral fullerene derivative, 4TPA-F@C60, is found to be the most promising candidate, displaying much narrower NDR peaks. These findings not only help to improve future designs of molecular Turin IETS sensors, but also contribute significantly to our understanding in the broader field of molecular devices in general.
Supplementary Methods and Tables from Improving pandemic mitigation policies across communities through coupled dynamics of risk perception and infection
Creators: name: Silk, M. J.
name: Carrignon, S.
name: Bentley, R. A.
name: Fefferman, N. H.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Full details of the Model implementation and input/parameters used from publisehd data sources
Hippopotamus terrestris Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Hippopotamidae
Hippopotamus
Hippopotamus terrestris

description: Hippopotamus terrestris [spec. nov.]
H. pedibus posticis trisulcis. �
Tapirierete. Marcgr. bras. 229. Raj. quadr. 126.
Habitat in Brasilia.
Animal dubium, Hippopotamo genere proximum, praecunte Rajo.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 74, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Modified gravity as a diagravitational medium
Creators: name: Cembranos, Jose A. R.
name: Diaz, Mario Coma
name: Martin-Moruno, Prado
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we reflect on the propagation of gravitational waves in alternative theories of gravity, which are typically formulated using extra gravitational degrees of freedom in comparison to General Relativity. We propose to understand that additional structure as forming a diagravitational medium for gravitational waves characterized by a refractive index. Furthermore, we shall argue that the most general diagravitational medium has associated an anisotropic dispersion relation. In some situations a refractive index tensor, which takes into account both the deflection of gravitational waves due to the curvature of a non-flat spacetime and the modifications of the general relativistic predictions, can be defined. The most general media, however, entail the consideration of at least two independent tensors.
description: V1: 5 pages. Comments welcome. V2: 4 references added. V3: additional comments included, 4 references added. Version accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
Mechanical stimulation and morphogenesis of the embryonic chick knee joint
Creators: name: Chandaria, Vikesh
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Evolution has led to specialised shapes for each individual joint which are created during prenatal development through joint morphogenesis. Alterations or abnormalities in joint shape development can severely compromise joint function and have long-term health implications. Mechanical stimulation, due to fetal movements, plays an important role in the creation of joint shapes and a reduction in fetal movements has been highlighted as a risk factor for bone and joint shape malformation, which can lead to physical disability. This doctorate explored the relationship between mechanical stimulation and joint morphogenesis. A novel culture system was created in which embryonic chick hindlimb explants were subjected to controlled and quantified magnitudes of movements. The morphology of the knee joint from explants cultured under different mechanical conditions were compared to reveal how the magnitude of applied movement affects key aspects of the developing joint. A complex relationship was found between the magnitude of movement and the progression of joint shape development. This study provided evidence, for the first time, that the amount of movement experienced during development is a significant variable that impacts of the fate of prenatal joint development. Whilst dynamic movements were applied to developing joints, potential mechanotransduction pathways were tested for their involvement in modulating joint morphogenesis. Blocking the action of both stretch activated ion channels and voltage gated calcium channels produced joints shapes similar to those that had experienced no movement, suggesting the stimulating effects of dynamic movement were not acted upon. This research has provided a novel insight into how mechanical stimulation influences joint morphogenesis which is extremely valuable for understanding of the etiology of congenital joint conditions. Knowledge of how joints are first created is also valuable to the field of tissue engineering for developing treatments to regenerate degenerated joints.
Using SCUBA to place upper limits on arcsecond scale CMB anisotropies at 850 microns
Creators: name: Borys, Colin
name: Chapman, Scott C.
name: Scott, Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The SCUBA instrument on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope has already had an impact on cosmology by detecting relatively large numbers of dusty galaxies at high redshift. Apart from identifying well-detected sources, such data can also be mined for information about fainter sources and their correlations, as revealed through low level fluctuations in SCUBA maps. As a first step in this direction we analyse a small SCUBA data-set as if it were obtained from a Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) differencing experiment. This enables us to place limits on CMB anisotropy at 850 microns. Expressed as Q_{flat}, the quadrupole expectation value for a flat power spectrum, the limit is 152 microKelvin at 95 per cent confidence, corresponding to C_0^{1/2} < 355 microKelvin for a Gaussian autocorrelation function, with a coherence angle of about 20--25 arcsec; These results could easily be reinterpretted in terms of any other fluctuating sky signal. This is currently the best limit for these scales at high frequency, and comparable to limits at similar angular scales in the radio. Even with such a modest data-set, it is possible to put a constraint on the slope of the SCUBA counts at the faint end, since even randomly distributed sources would lead to fluctuations. Future analysis of sky correlations in more extensive data-sets ought to yield detections, and hence additional information on source counts and clustering.
description: 12 pages, 9 postscript figures, uses mn.sty
Mr. Hicks in Coming of Age in Mississippi: A Good Coach with a Dark Side
Creators: name: Barnes, Roscoe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 210304 Biography
subject: FOS: History and archaeology
subject: 130308 Gender, Sexuality and Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: History
subject: Literature
subject: 210399 Historical Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: Gender studies
subject: Ethnic Studies

description: Copyright (c) 2018 by Roscoe Barnes III
#AnneMoody
This blog post identifies "Mr. Hicks" in Anne Moody's Coming of Age in Mississippi as Coach Wordy Hicks Jr. who worked in the Wilkinson County School District in southwest Mississippi. He served as coach at Finch High School in Centreville and Wilkinson County Training School in Woodville (later called Wilkinson County High School). He also served as head principal at the high school. Although praised by the district, Hicks was not without controversy. Among other things, he was criticized for his behavior toward female students and teachers. The author contends the information presented in this article supports the accuracy in Moody's narrative.
Probing entanglement entropy via randomized measurements
Creators: name: Brydges, Tiff
name: Elben, Andreas
name: Jurcevic, Petar
name: Vermersch, Benoît
name: Maier, Christine
name: Lanyon, Ben P.
name: Zoller, Peter
name: Blatt, Rainer
name: Roos, Christian F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement is the key feature of many-body quantum systems, and the development of new tools to probe it in the laboratory is an outstanding challenge. Measuring the entropy of different partitions of a quantum system provides a way to probe its entanglement structure. Here, we present and experimentally demonstrate a new protocol for measuring entropy, based on statistical correlations between randomized measurements. Our experiments, carried out with a trapped-ion quantum simulator, prove the overall coherent character of the system dynamics and reveal the growth of entanglement between its parts - both in the absence and presence of disorder. Our protocol represents a universal tool for probing and characterizing engineered quantum systems in the laboratory, applicable to arbitrary quantum states of up to several tens of qubits.
Experimental and numerical investigation of structure-mechanical property relationships in Alumina Trihydrate reinforced Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) composites
Creators: name: Zhang, Ruoyu
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: This study mainly investigated how the mechanical behaviour of alumina trihydrate (ATH) filled Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites is affected by changes in certain parameters such as the volume fraction of and the size of the ATH particles. Although numerous studies have been conducted in this area, the effect of the microstructure is very difficult to explain because of the many factors which are involved and affect the mechanical behaviour of particle-filled composites. In this study, a systematic study, where volume fraction and particle diameter are varied, is presented. Modelling technique, both micromechanical analytical and finite element models, are used to achieve understanding of the experimentally observed mechanical behaviour of the composites. Five groups of composites were tested: Composite A: 15 μm, 34.7 vol. %, B: 8 μm, 39.4 vol. %, C: 15 μm, 39.4 vol. %, D: 25 μm, 39.4 vol. % and E: 15 μm, 44.4 vol. %. Flexural tests, uniaxial tensile tests, single edge notch bending (SENB) tests were performed at different temperatures. The elastic modulus of the composites increased as the filler content increased, whilst the change in particle diameter hardly affected the elastic modulus. Due to the competition between the reinforcing effect of the rigid particles and the weakening effect of the particle agglomeration on the composites, the increase in filler content showed little effect on the strength of the composites. On the other hand, as the particle diameter increased, the strength of the composite decreased. The fracture toughness, G_IC, of the composites is negatively correlated with the filler content, whilst increased with the increasing particle diameter. The FE simulation has great advantages comparing to micromechanical analytical models. For predicting the elastic modulus of the particle filled composites, the FE simulation can make as good prediction as the Lielens model, the prediction of which agreed well with the experimental data. The FE simulation can also predict the strength of particle-filled composites if an appropriate crack initiation stress of the matrix is used. The stress field obtained using the FE simulation led to a better understanding of how the microstructures of the composites affect their mechanical behaviour. In addition, the application of the SEM image-converted RVEs, i.e. real microstructure approach, takes into consideration the effect of particle agglomeration, which is another big improvement comparing to micromechanical analytical models.
Limits on Dust in Rich Clusters of Galaxies from the Color of Background Quasars
Creators: name: Maoz, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I measure the V-I color distribution of two samples of radio-selected quasars. Quasars from one sample are projected on the sky within 1 degree of a rich foreground Abell cluster of galaxies, while quasars from the other sample are more than 3 degrees from any such cluster . There is no significant difference between the color distributions of the two samples. The 90\% upper limit on the relative reddening between the two samples is E(B-V)=0.05 mag. This result limits the allowed quantity of smoothly distributed dust in rich clusters, and contradicts previous indications for the existence of such a component.
description: Submitted to ApJ Letters. 14 pages incl. 2 figures, uuencoded, compressed postscript. Also available by anonymous ftp to ftp://wise3.tau.ac.il/pub/dani/dust.ps.Z
Capacity release in LV distribution networks with power electronics
Creators: name: Frost, Thomas
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Connection of low carbon technology to the LV distribution network stresses the network voltage limits. In certain cases this is such that further low carbon technologies such as, distributed generation sources, heat pumps, and electric vehicles, cannot be accommodated without costly network reinforcement. One solution is use power electronics to regulate the voltage and so remove these network voltage constraints. This can defer or even remove the need for network reinforcement and so reduce investment costs for distribution network operators. This thesis examines how these power electronics can be installed into distribution network for the purposes of voltage control and capacity release in constrained networks. The efficacy of five power electronics solutions relative to both reinforcement and de-regulation (or relaxing) of voltage limits is compared in technical and economic aspects. As de-regulation requires knowledge of how the network loads function in response to supply voltage fluctuation an analysis of how de-regulation effects the loads connected to the grid was undertaken. This revealed there is more reliable operation of these loads with voltages well below the present UK limits, however their tolerance of over voltages is shown to be very limited. Following on from this, it was shown that, when coupled to changes to the nominal system voltages, reinforcement could be deferred by de-regulation. Testing and simulation of both motor loads and the magnetics in common power supply units was performed, were a method was outlined for consideration of the losses in a flyback transformer and a boost inductor when subject to supply voltages outside of their tolerance bands. Detailed models of distribution networks are needed to accurately quantify the befits of deregulation and PEDs, so three detailed test networks where assessed in terms of their hosting capacity for low carbon technologies. A load model was presented for load flow studies that enables the model to be used in scenarios where the supply voltages are subject to wide voltage fluctuations. Additionally, the effect of thermally controlled goods was also considered by implementing either constant energy or dynamic thermal model into these goods. Finally to aid in assessment of the huge variance in LV network topology, metrics were developed to indicate the relative constraints a given network will likely face. These where seen in the cases test to be in good agreement with the results of the substantially more time consuming load flow methods.
Testing Cold Dark Matter Models At Moderate to High Redshift
Creators: name: Cen, Renyue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The COBE microwave background temperature fluctuations and the abundance of local rich clusters of galaxies provide the two most powerful constraints on cosmological models. When all variants of the standard cold dark matter (CDM) model are subject to the combined constraint, the power spectrum of any model is fixed to $\sim 10%$ accuracy in both the shape and overall amplitude. These constrained models are not expected to differ dramatically in their local large-scale structure properties. However, their evolutionary histories differ, resulting in dramatic differences towards high redshift. We examine in detail six standardized, COBE and cluster normalized CDM models with respect to a large set of independent observations. The observations include correlation function of rich clusters of galaxies, galaxy power spectrum, evolution of rich cluster abundance, gravitational lensing by moderate -to-high redshift clusters, $\lya$ forest, damped $\lya$ systems, high redshift galaxies, reionization of the universe and future CMB experiments. It seems that each of the independent observations examined is or potentially is capable of distinguishing between at least some of the models. The combined power of several or all of these observations is tremendous. Thus, we appear to be on the verge of being able to make dramatic tests of all models in the near future using a rapidly growing set of observations, mostly at moderate to high redshift. Consistency or inconsistency between different observed phenomena on different scales and/or at different epochs with respect to the models will have profound implications for theory of growth of cosmic structure.
description: ApJ in press (1998), 26 emulateapj pages
Investigation of host metabolic interactions in trypanosomatid infections
Creators: name: Lamour, Sabrina Danielle
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Infections with parasitic trypanosomatids cause serious neglected tropical diseases, which include cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), causing skin ulceration, and human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), which causes flu-like symptoms followed by neurological features and is fatal if left untreated. Current disease management in both cases is inappropriate owing to suboptimal diagnosis and limited drugs with variable efficacy and severe adverse effects. Further research into their pathogeneses is critical for the discovery of novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets. Experimental Leishmania (L.) major infection in two murine CL models with differing pathologies, and HAT caused by Trypanosoma brucei (T. b.) rhodesiense infection, were investigated from a systemic metabolic perspective, using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This was combined with cytokines and (for CL models) faecal microbial diversity measures, as additional markers of host response. In addition to the discovery of a range of Leishmania infection-associated markers, including putative parasitic end-products alanine and succinate, significant divergences in measures were observed between the self-healing and non-healing CL mouse models. Such differences included variations in glucose and lipid metabolism, in inflammatory status, and in faecal Clostridia and Gammaproteobacteria abundance. Striking differences were also observed in the degree of statistical links between these measures, using newly developed correlation network analyses, implying that a rapid and inter-connected systems response was required for effective parasitic elimination. This project also represents the first study to provide a comprehensive description of host metabolic changes in HAT. A total of 16 and 31 significant discriminatory metabolites were determined in plasma via 1H NMR spectroscopy and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), respectively, including membrane phospholipids and amino acids, linked with inflammation. These findings provide a unique insight into underlying metabolic interactions that may contribute to pathology, and reveal a set of infection-related markers with possible diagnostic potential for CL and HAT.
Single molecule detection in microfluidic chips for the analysis of cell signalling pathways
Creators: name: Barclay, Michael
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Microfluidic Antibody Capture (MAC) chips are small devices capable of quantifying biomarkers in single cells. These devices offer an all-optical approach for cell manipulation, lysis and single molecule quantification of a specific protein. This thesis details various developments to this device, both in terms of throughput and improvements to the single molecule counting process. The tumour suppressor protein p53 is a central hub for cellular stresses such as DNA damage, overproliferation and ribosomal biogenesis stress. Under stressed conditions p53 brings about the expression of a host of downstream effectors ultimately leading to DNA repair, temporary cell cycle arrest, senescence or apoptosis. The specifics of how p53 can lead to a number of different cell fate decisions are still unknown and require the development of quantitative biochemical techniques. In this thesis MAC chips are used to quantify p53 in single cells under a number of conditions. The chip data is used to create a quantitative model of p53 expression. This involved the use of stochastic simulation techniques such as the Gillespie algorithm and Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC). These simulations determined that differences in p53 expression are best described as changes in the p53 degradation rate. This agrees with previous reports describing the p53-MDM2 relationship and its associated negative feedback loop. Lastly, attempts were made to obtain absolutely quantifiable data from the MAC chip platform. This involved calibrating the platform with known amounts of recombinant p53. By providing absolutely quantifiable data to the model of p53 expression the simulations could potentially provide real, biologically relevant parameters.
Investigation of the pancreatic safety of proglucagon-derived peptides and the development of novel anti-obesity agents
Creators: name: Akalestou, Elina
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: GLP-1 is a gut peptide that promotes satiety and insulin secretion. Its agonists are currently licensed and used as a type 2 diabetes treatment. Glucagon is best known for opposing the actions of insulin to increase blood glucose levels in response to hypoglycaemia. Glucagon also increases energy expenditure, but the mechanism for this is poorly understood. A study in humans suggested that co administration of GLP-1 and glucagon can increase appetite inhibition and energy expenditure to reduce body weight, while avoiding glucose excursions. This observation promoted the idea that co administration of the two peptides could act as an anti-obesity agent. However, concerns regarding the safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists have been raised. Patients taking GLP-1 receptor agonists have reported a higher incidence of pancreatitis and the proposed mechanism is elevated pancreatic ductal replication and increased amylase secretion from acinar cells. However, little is known about the acute effect of GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonists on the exocrine pancreas. Work in this thesis investigates if GLP-1, glucagon, oxyntomodulin, and exendin-4 could cause pancreatitis. In the studies described, treatment with the peptides did not cause a significant increase in proliferation of biliopancreatic ductal cells or amylase secretion in vitro or in vivo in rats. Results did not support the proposed link of GLP-1 receptor agonists to pancreatitis, in rat. A second aim of this thesis was to develop novel analogues of GLP-1 and glucagon with improved efficacy and with enhanced pharmacokinetic profiles to be co administered as a treatment of obesity. Substitution of 14 amino acids in the GLP-1 peptide resulted in an analogue with similar efficacy as GLP-1, as determined by in vitro bioactivity, yet a terminal half-life of approximately 7 days. Substitution of residues His20 and Leu27 and addition of a histidine tail at the C-terminal of glucagon resulted in an analogue with almost 2-fold higher efficacy than glucagon, and a terminal half-life of 3 days. Co administration of the two peptides in vivo demonstrated a reduction in body weight and increased glucose tolerance, an effect suggested being synergistic when compared to individual agent administration groups.
The photodisintegration of cosmic ray nuclei by solar photons: the Gerasimova-Zatsepin effect revisted
Creators: name: Tanco, Gustavo Medina
name: Watson, Alan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interesting possibility of measuring the masses of high energy cosmic ray particles by observing pairs of extensive air showers arriving at the earth nearly simultaneously was proposed some years ago by Gerasimova and Zatsepin (1960). Such showers would be created by the nuclear fragments originating as a result of the photodisintegration of massive nuclei interacting with the solar radiation field. In this paper we re-visit this possibility in the context of existing and proposed detectors of high and ultra-high energy cosmic rays considering a simple, yet realistic, model of the interplanetary magnetic field. The possibilty of observing the mass fragmentation of cosmic rays directly, however, remains challenging.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures (3 ps + 4 jpg), Astroparticle Physics (in press) - typos corrected and other minor modifications
Presentation of the UK National Chapter at the CoARA National Chapters Exchange Forum 2024
Creators: name: Murkett, Grace
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Slides presented at the CoARA National Chapters Exchange Forum 2024.  A description of the event is available here: https://coara.eu/news/building-a-stronger-network-coara-national-chapters-convene-for-a-first-exchange-forum/.
Presentation of the German National Chapter at the CoARA National Chapters Exchange Forum 2024
Creators: name: Christa, Anna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Slides presented at the CoARA National Chapters Exchange Forum 2024.  A description of the event is available here: https://coara.eu/news/building-a-stronger-network-coara-national-chapters-convene-for-a-first-exchange-forum/.
Cete Linnaeus, 1758, ord. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cete

description: Cete [ord. nov.]
VIII. CETE.
Spiracula supra Caput.
Pinnae Pectorales caudalisque horizontalis absque unguibus.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 75, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Localization-Driven Correlated States of Two Isolated Interacting Helical Edges
Creators: name: Chou, Yang-Zhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the localization-driven correlated states among two isolated dirty interacting helical edges as realized at the boundaries of two-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological insulators. We show that an interplay of time-reversal symmetric disorder and strong interedge interactions generically drives the entire system to a gapless localized state, preempting all other intraedge instabilities. For weaker interactions, an antisymmetric interlocked fluid, causing a negative perfect drag, can emerge from dirty edges with different densities. We also find that the interlocked fluid states of helical edges are stable against the leading intraedge perturbation down to zero temperature. The corresponding experimental signatures including zero-temperature and finite-temperature transport are discussed.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, stability and finite-temperature conductance added, published version
Probability-driven 3D pharmacophore mapping of antimycobacterial potential of hybrid molecules combining phenylcarbamoyloxy and N-arylpiperazine fragments
Creators: name: A. Bak
name: V. Kozik
name: I. Malik
name: J. Jampilek
name: A. Smolinski
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The current study examines in silico characterization of the structure-inhibitory potency for a set of phenylcarbamic acid derivatives containing an N-arylpiperazine scaffold, considering the electronic, steric and lipophilic properties. The main objective of the ligand-based modelling was the systematic study of classical comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA)/comparative molecular surface analysis (CoMSA) performance for the modelling of in vitro efficiency observed for these phenylcarbamates, revealing their inhibitory activities against a virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain. We compared the findings of efficiency modelling produced by a standard 3D methodology (CoMFA) and its neural counterparts (CoMSA) regarding multiple training/test subsets and variables used. Moreover, systematic space inspection, splitting values into the analysed training/test subsets, was performed to monitor statistical estimator performance while mapping the probability-driven pharmacophore pattern. Consequently, a ‘pseudo-consensus’ 3D-quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) approach was applied to retrieve an ‘average’ pharmacophore hypothesis by the investigation of the most densely populated training/test subpopulations to specify the potentially important factors contributing to the inhibitory activity of phenylcarbamic acid analogues. In addition, examination of descriptor-based similarity with a principal component analysis (PCA) procedure was employed to visualize noticeable variations in the performance of these molecules with respect to their structure and activity profiles.
Prediction of partition coefficients and solubilities of active pharmaceutical ingredients with the SAFT-γ Mie group-contribution approach
Creators: name: Hutacharoen, Panatpong
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Partition coefficient and solubility are very useful properties in a variety of product and process design problems. Especially in the octanol-water system, partition coefficients (Ki_OW) are used as indicators for a drug's lipophilicity which is a key physicochemical property in drug design. Solid phase solubility is a fundamental parameter in the design of crystallisation processes commonly used in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. The ability to predict these properties from the molecular structure of compounds is therefore highly desirable. In this thesis, the recently developed SAFT-γ Mie group-contribution (GC) equation of state is used as a predictive framework to study the thermodynamic properties of multifunctional compounds. The SAFT-γ Mie approach allows one to determine the thermo-physical properties of molecules in terms of the constituent functional groups that represent their unique molecular identity. The parameters for each functional group are developed from fluid-phase equilibrium data for simple compounds and, once estimated, they are applied to the study of more complex molecules in a predictive manner. Novel SAFT-γ models are developed for fundamental systems such as alkane + water and alcohol + water mixtures, which are typically involved in various chemical and biological applications. These GC models are able to describe accurately mutual solubilities of water and hydrocarbons which span more than ten orders of magnitude, and are also transferable to the modelling of multifunctional compounds. As a result, a quantitative prediction of Ki_OW and solubility is achieved for several active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) including ibuprofen, ketoprofen, lovastatin, and simvastatin. We find that an important factor that needs to be taken into account in modelling these complex APIs is the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds (IMHB). IMHB have a pronounced effect on molecular structure and thermodynamic properties, but are often overlooked by other predictive approaches. Modelling complex organic molecules with the consideration of IMHB is challenging, especially for GC approaches which do not take into account details of molecular conformation. In this thesis, an effective treatment for IMHB is developed within the SAFT-γ Mie framework and proven to improve the property prediction of molecules with IMHB, especially in highly associated solvents. The findings in this thesis validate the applicability of the SAFT-γ Mie approach in modelling complex multifunctional molecules and demonstrate its broad relevance for the pharmaceutical industry.
Improper Motions in Lensed QSOs
Creators: name: Williams, L. L. R.
name: Saha, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that individual images in multiple-image QSOs could easily have substructure at the level of $0.1''$ (i.e., unresolvable even with HST); microlensing within such substructure would cause centroid shifts, observable even from the ground as pseudo proper motions. We present a model of the four-image system 2237+0305 in which Image B shows such ``improper motions" of order of $0.01''$ over a few years.
description: 16 pages, uuencoded, to appear in the Astronomical Journal