cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Internal Model-Based Online Optimization
Creators: name: Bastianello, Nicola
name: Carli, Ruggero
name: Zampieri, Sandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper we propose a model-based approach to the design of online optimization algorithms, with the goal of improving the tracking of the solution trajectory (trajectories) w.r.t. state-of-the-art methods. We focus first on quadratic problems with a time-varying linear term, and use digital control tools (a robust internal model principle) to propose a novel online algorithm that can achieve zero tracking error by modeling the cost with a dynamical system. We prove the convergence of the algorithm for both strongly convex and convex problems. We further discuss the sensitivity of the proposed method to model uncertainties and quantify its performance. We discuss how the proposed algorithm can be applied to general (non-quadratic) problems using an approximate model of the cost, and analyze the convergence leveraging the small gain theorem. We present numerical results that showcase the superior performance of the proposed algorithms over previous methods for both quadratic and non-quadratic problems.
Entanglement concentration of microwave photons based on Kerr effect in circuit QED
Creators: name: Zhang, Hao
name: Wang, Haibo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, superconducting qubits show great potential in quantum computation. Hence, microwave photons become very interesting qubits for quantum information processing assisted by superconducting quantum computation. Here, we present the first protocol for the entanglement concentration on microwave photons, resorting to the cross-Kerr effect in circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED). Two superconducting transmission line resonators (TLRs) coupled to superconducting molecule with the N-type level structure induce the effective cross-Kerr effect for realizing the quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement on microwave photons. With this device, we present a two-qubit polarization parity QND detector on the photon states of the superconducting TLRs, which can be used to concentrate efficiently the nonlocal non-maximally entangled states of microwave photons assisted by several linear microwave elements. This protocol has a high efficiency and it may be useful for solid-state quantum information processing assisted by microwave photons.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures. Comments are welcome to zhanghaoguoqing@163.com
Sparse Signal Reconstruction for Nonlinear Models via Piecewise Rational Optimization
Creators: name: Marmin, Arthur
name: Castella, Marc
name: Pesquet, Jean-Christophe
name: Duval, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: G.1; I.6; G.1.2; G.1.6; I.4.5
subject: 46N10

description: We propose a method to reconstruct sparse signals degraded by a nonlinear distortion and acquired at a limited sampling rate. Our method formulates the reconstruction problem as a nonconvex minimization of the sum of a data fitting term and a penalization term. In contrast with most previous works which settle for approximated local solutions, we seek for a global solution to the obtained challenging nonconvex problem. Our global approach relies on the so-called Lasserre relaxation of polynomial optimization. We here specifically include in our approach the case of piecewise rational functions, which makes it possible to address a wide class of nonconvex exact and continuous relaxations of the $\ell_0$ penalization function. Additionally, we study the complexity of the optimization problem. It is shown how to use the structure of the problem to lighten the computational burden efficiently. Finally, numerical simulations illustrate the benefits of our method in terms of both global optimality and signal reconstruction.
Sensitivity analyses for effect modifiers not observed in the target population when generalizing treatment effects from a randomized controlled trial: Assumptions, models, effect scales, data scenarios, and implementation details
Creators: name: Nguyen, Trang Quynh
name: Ackerman, Benjamin
name: Schmid, Ian
name: Cole, Stephen R.
name: Stuart, Elizabeth A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background: Randomized controlled trials are often used to inform policy and practice for broad populations. The average treatment effect (ATE) for a target population, however, may be different from the ATE observed in a trial if there are effect modifiers whose distribution in the target population is different that from that in the trial. Methods exist to use trial data to estimate the target population ATE, provided the distributions of treatment effect modifiers are observed in both the trial and target population -- an assumption that may not hold in practice. Methods: The proposed sensitivity analyses address the situation where a treatment effect modifier is observed in the trial but not the target population. These methods are based on an outcome model or the combination of such a model and weighting adjustment for observed differences between the trial sample and target population. They accommodate several types of outcome models: linear models (including single time outcome and pre- and post-treatment outcomes) for additive effects, and models with log or logit link for multiplicative effects. We clarify the methods' assumptions and provide detailed implementation instructions. Illustration: We illustrate the methods using an example generalizing the effects of an HIV treatment regimen from a randomized trial to a relevant target population. Conclusion: These methods allow researchers and decision-makers to have more appropriate confidence when drawing conclusions about target population effects.
Uniqueness of the Gibbs measure for the $4$-state anti-ferromagnetic Potts model on the regular tree
Creators: name: de Boer, David
name: Buys, Pjotr
name: Regts, Guus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B20 (Primary) 60K35, 05C99 (Secondary)

description: We show that the $4$-state anti-ferromagnetic Potts model with interaction parameter $w\in(0,1)$ on the infinite $(d+1)$-regular tree has a unique Gibbs measure if $w\geq 1-\frac{4}{d+1}$ for all $d\geq 4$. This is tight since it is known that there are multiple Gibbs measures when $0\leq w<1-\frac{4}{d+1}$ and $d\geq 4$. We moreover give a new proof of the uniqueness of the Gibbs measure for the $3$-state Potts model on the $(d+1)$-regular tree for $w\geq 1-\frac{3}{d+1}$ when $d\geq 3$ and for $w\in (0,1)$ when $d=2$.
description: Subsection 1.2 and Section have been merged and slightly rewritten. Proof of Lemma 1.3 has been moved to an appendix, fixed a small mistake in the proof of this lemma. Some small other changes have been made. No significant changes. Accepted in CPC
Gradient-preserving hyper-reduction of nonlinear dynamical systems via discrete empirical interpolation
Creators: name: Pagliantini, Cecilia
name: Vismara, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This work proposes a hyper-reduction method for nonlinear parametric dynamical systems characterized by gradient fields such as Hamiltonian systems and gradient flows. The gradient structure is associated with conservation of invariants or with dissipation and hence plays a crucial role in the description of the physical properties of the system. Traditional hyper-reduction of nonlinear gradient fields yields efficient approximations that, however, lack the gradient structure. We focus on Hamiltonian gradients and we propose to first decompose the nonlinear part of the Hamiltonian, mapped into a suitable reduced space, into the sum of d terms, each characterized by a sparse dependence on the system state. Then, the hyper-reduced approximation is obtained via discrete empirical interpolation (DEIM) of the Jacobian of the derived d-valued nonlinear function. The resulting hyper-reduced model retains the gradient structure and its computationally complexity is independent of the size of the full model. Moreover, a priori error estimates show that the hyper-reduced model converges to the reduced model and the Hamiltonian is asymptotically preserved. Whenever the nonlinear Hamiltonian gradient is not globally reducible, i.e. its evolution requires high-dimensional DEIM approximation spaces, an adaptive strategy is performed. This consists in updating the hyper-reduced Hamiltonian via a low-rank correction of the DEIM basis. Numerical tests demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach to general nonlinear operators and runtime speedups compared to the full and the reduced models.
Conflict over Palestine: Zionism & the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry, 1945-1947
Creators: name: Tamari, Shai M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry was charged in 1946 with finding solutions for the Jewish Holocaust survivors still lingering in displaced persons' camps across Europe, and with proposing ways to end the continuous friction among Jews and Arabs in Palestine. The paper addresses the impact that Zionism had on both the Jewish Holocaust survivors in the displaced people's camps, and the Zionist leaders who preached its validity to the Committee. The paper makes a distinction between the idea of Zionism and the practice of Zionism, and argues that the idea of Zionism was needed by the Holocaust survivors as it gave them hope, but that the practice of establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine endangered the possibility for a safe and prosperous life for the Jewish people, because the Jewish state would be established in a hostile environment. It argues that the need for cooperation between Jews and Arabs, rather than competition, is still valid today.
Ainur: Enhancing Vocal Quality through Lyrics-Audio Embeddings in Multimodal Deep Music Generation
Creators: name: Concialdi, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: As an emerging research field, deep music generation faces significant challenges, such as handling high-dimensionality of audio data, computational resource requirements, and quality concerns, particularly with generated vocals. This study aims to address these concerns by introducing Ainur, an innovative deep learning model designed specifically to enhance the quality of generated vocals. We investigate the effectiveness of various deep learning techniques and multimodal input conditioning strategies to improve vocal generation. Additionally, the utility of transfer learning and pre-trained models is examined, along with the impact of multimodal input strategies on the quality and diversity of the produced music. Ainur employs a hierarchical diffusion model and a latent diffusion prior for handling high-dimensional data and uses Contrastive Lyrics-Audio Spectrogram Pre-training (CLASP) embeddings for multimodal data fusion. Our findings reveal Ainur's capability to produce high-quality and varied music, substantiating the use of our proposed novel evaluation metrics. The study also acknowledges the importance of ethical considerations and limitations inherent to deep music generation. Recognizing the potential implications of AI-generated music on creative integrity, and the potential misuse of such technology, we emphasize the need for responsible use. This work significantly contributes to the deep music generation field, establishing novel methodologies, offering robust tools, and providing directions for future research, while promoting collaboration and transparency through the open-source nature of Ainur.
D2.3 - FAIR-EASE semantic brokerage service
Creators: name: Alexandra KOKKINAKI
name: Gwenaëlle MONCOIFFE
name: Tjerk KRIJGER
name: Enrico BOLDRINI
name: Peter THIJSSE
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Earth Science Systems
Semantic Analyser
Semantic Brokerage
Datasets Discovery
Datasets Access
Metadata

description: Semantic brokerage is a key component of the FAIR-EASE (FE) Interdisciplinary Data Discovery and Access Service (IDDAS), because the data access services behind the IDDAS are diverse in syntax (technical formats) and semantics (content/used vocabularies). In order to provide a user of the FAIR-EASE Virtual Research Environment (or Earth Analytical Labs) optimised discovery and access to the datasets, both syntactic and semantic brokerage is needed. A solution that many EOSC developments benefit from. As part of the metadata brokerage service, the FE semantic brokerage provides translation services between the various terminologies used by the diverse data sources. It enables semantically enhanced discovery of datasets and facilitates semantic interoperability through alignment. 

To deliver this level of semantic alignment it requires a comprehensive understanding of the datasets targeted, their metadata elements and structure, and the semantic elements and concepts they contain. This is achieved with the help of a newly developed software application, the “Semantic Analyser” (SA). The SA extracts textual information from selected metadata records and data files, and compares it to semantic artefacts (terms from ontologies and controlled vocabularies) held in a purpose-built FE Knowledge Base. 

The second part of the work focuses on a harmonised metadata profile following the DCAT Linked Data standard. This target profile (in principe generally applicable) will provide the option to enable machine to machine discovery of datasets, independent of datasets being published in a metadata catalogue (harmonised syntactically by the DAB) or via subsetting services like ERDDAP, BEACON or other. FAIR-EASE has undertaken research on how this difference can be overcome, and provide later implementation prototypes via its IDDAS.

The resulting federation of semantically connected data resources, will facilitate the sharing of multi-disciplinary datasets with the FE Uniform Data Access Layer (UDAL), and allow for interaction with the Earth Analytic Lab (EAL).
"Ideal" tearing and the transition to fast reconnection in the weakly collisional MHD and EMHD regimes
Creators: name: Del Sarto, Daniele
name: Pucci, Fulvia
name: Tenerani, Anna
name: Velli, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper discusses the transition to fast growth of the tearing instability in thin current sheets in the collisionless limit where electron inertia drives the reconnection process. It has been previously suggested that in resistive MHD there is a natural maximum aspect ratio (ratio of sheet length and breadth to thickness) which may be reached for current sheets with a macroscopic length L, the limit being provided by the fact that the tearing mode growth time becomes of the same order as the Alfvèn time calculated on the macroscopic scale (Pucci and Velli (2014)). For current sheets with a smaller aspect ratio than critical the normalized growth rate tends to zero with increasing Lundquist number S, while for current sheets with an aspect ratio greater than critical the growth rate diverges with S. Here we carry out a similar analysis but with electron inertia as the term violating magnetic flux conservation: previously found scalings of critical current sheet aspect ratios with the Lundquist number are generalized to include the dependence on the ratio $(d_e/L)^2$ where de is the electron skin depth, and it is shown that there are limiting scalings which, as in the resistive case, result in reconnecting modes growing on ideal time scales. Finite Larmor Radius effects are then included and the rescaling argument at the basis of "ideal" reconnection is proposed to explain secondary fast reconnection regimes naturally appearing in numerical simulations of current sheet evolution.
description: 15 pages, 3 Figures, 1 Table
Variability of mesoscopic mechanical disorder in disordered solids
Creators: name: González-López, Karina
name: Bouchbinder, Eran
name: Lerner, Edan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantifying mechanical disorder in solids, either disordered crystals or glassy solids, and understanding its range of variability are of prime importance, e.g.~for discovering structure-properties relations. The bounds on the degree of mechanical fluctuations in disordered solids and how those depend on solids formation history remain unknown. Here, we study a broadly applicable quantifier of mesoscopic mechanical disorder $χ$, defined via the dimensionless fluctuations of the shear modulus, over a wide variety of disordered computer solids and upon varying different control parameters. $χ$ is intimately related to basic properties of disordered solids, such as elastic constants and plastic deformability, and can be experimentally extracted by wave-attenuation measurements. We find that a large variety of self-organized glassy solids, where disorder is an emergent property, appear to satisfy a generic lower bound on $χ$. On the other hand, we show that $χ$ is unbounded from above, and may diverge in systems driven towards the critical unjamming point. These results highlight basic properties of disordered solids and set the ground for systematically quantifying mechanical disorder across different systems.
description: Revised text and references
Constructing discrete harmonic functions in wedges
Creators: name: Hoang, Viet Hung
name: Raschel, Kilian
name: Tarrago, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 31C35, 60G50, Secondary 60J45, 60J50, 31C20

description: We propose a systematic construction of signed harmonic functions for discrete Laplacian operators with Dirichlet conditions in the quarter plane. In particular, we prove that the set of harmonic functions is an algebra generated by a single element, which conjecturally corresponds to the unique positive harmonic function.
description: 42 pages, 8 figures
Comparing the hardness of MAX 2-SAT problem instances for quantum and classical algorithms
Creators: name: Mirkarimi, Puya
name: Callison, Adam
name: Light, Lewis
name: Chancellor, Nicholas
name: Kendon, Viv
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An algorithm for a particular problem may find some instances of the problem easier and others harder to solve, even for a fixed input size. We numerically analyse the relative hardness of MAX 2-SAT problem instances for various continuous-time quantum algorithms and a comparable classical algorithm. This has two motivations: to investigate whether small-sized problem instances, which are commonly used in numerical simulations of quantum algorithms for benchmarking purposes, are a good representation of larger instances in terms of their hardness to solve, and to determine the applicability of continuous-time quantum algorithms in a portfolio approach, where we take advantage of the variation in the hardness of instances between different algorithms by running them in parallel. We find that, while there are correlations in instance hardness between all of the algorithms considered, they appear weak enough that a portfolio approach would likely be desirable in practice. Our results also show a widening range of hardness of randomly generated instances as the problem size is increased, which demonstrates both the difference in the distribution of hardness at small sizes and the value of a portfolio approach that can reduce the number of extremely hard instances. We identify specific weaknesses of these quantum algorithms that can be overcome with a portfolio approach, such their inability to efficiently solve satisfiable instances (which is easy classically).
description: 14 pages, 9 figures. Published in Physical Review Research with minor differences
Measurement of dijet azimuthal decorrelation in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement of the decorrelation of azimuthal angles between the two jets with the largest transverse momenta is presented for seven regions of leading jet transverse momentum up to 2.2 TeV. The analysis is based on the proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns. The dijet azimuthal decorrelation is caused by the radiation of additional jets and probes the dynamics of multijet production. The results are compared to fixed-order predictions of perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD), and to simulations using Monte Carlo event generators that include parton showers, hadronization, and multiparton interactions. Event generators with only two outgoing high transverse momentum partons fail to describe the measurement, even when supplemented with next-to-leading-order QCD corrections and parton showers. Much better agreement is achieved when at least three outgoing partons are complemented through either next-to-leading-order predictions or parton showers. This observation emphasizes the need to improve predictions for multijet production.
description: Replaced with published version. Added the journal reference and DOI. All figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/SMP-14-015/index.html
PHYSIOLOGICAL, IMMUNOLOGICAL, MICROBIOLOGICAL, AND MOLECULAR RESPONSES OF SEA URCHIN EXPOSED TO PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL STRESSORS
Creators: name: Fahim, Nahian Fyrose
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310905
subject: Animal immunology
classificationCode: 310909
subject: Animal physiology - cell
classificationCode: 310913
subject: Invertebrate biology
classificationCode: 310902
subject: Animal cell and molecular biology
classificationCode: 310901
subject: Animal behaviour

description: Sea urchins are fascinating marine creatures belonging to the phylum Echinodermata that serve as an essential ecological component and hold promise as a prospective source of therapeutics. However, sudden environmental changes, such as global warming and marine pollution, are placing significant stress on these organisms. To maintain natural resources and exploit sea urchins commercially, researchers are investigating aquaculture as a solution. This investigation discloses the physiological and immunological effects of physical and chemical stressors on one of the most common edible species of sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata. The study employed an elevated temperature as a physical stressor (1°C/day), lipopolysaccharides (LPS) inoculation as a chemical stressor (4µg/ml/day), and a combination of both LPS and elevated temperature as combined stressors. The results demonstrated a significant alteration in the total and differential coelomocyte count in the LPS-stressed group (p<0.05) and combined stressed group (p<0.05) followed by abnormal behavioral activity compared to those of control. Additionally, exposure to acute LPS exposure (at day 1 and day 3) and combined stressors led to an increase in phagocytic capacity (p<0.05) and lysozyme activity (p<0.05). Chronic exposure to LPS and combined stressors resulted in a decrease in gonadosomatic index (p<0.05, at day 10) and lysozyme activity (at day 7). A significant increase in coelomic fluid (CF) protein (p<0.05)was observed in the temperature-stressed group on days 5 and 10, while the combined stressed group had significantly more CF protein on days 1, 5, 7, and 10. An upregulation of Nf-kB gene expression was also observed (p>0.05) in temperature stressed group. The study also revealed that sea urchins contain bioactive compounds that protect against external and internal injury, cell death, and body wall extract of sea urchin exhibited high antioxidant activity(p<0.05). Furthermore, it confirmed the antibacterial activity (p<0.05) of sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata and Lytechinus variegatus) body wall and coelomic fluid (cell-free plasma) extracts against ten pathogenic bacteria. The ethyl acetate body wall extract of both sea urchin species demonstrated higher inhibitory activity against the pathogenic bacteria tested. Overall sea urchin has potentials to meet the demand of food and medicine.
The Disproof of the Riemann Hypothesis
Creators: name: Dumitrescu, C.
name: Wolf, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that there is a contradiction between the Riemann's Hypothesis and some form of the theorem on the universality of the zeta function.
description: Typos corrected, some sentences changed
Exponential bounds for random walks on hyperbolic spaces without moment conditions
Creators: name: Gouëzel, Sébastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider nonelementary random walks on general hyperbolic spaces. Without any moment condition on the walk, we show that it escapes linearly to infinity, with exponential error bounds. We even get such exponential bounds up to the rate of escape of the walk. Our proof relies on an inductive decomposition of the walk, recording times at which it could go to infinity in several independent directions, and using these times to control further backtracking.
Diffusion of Dirac fermions across a topological merging transition in two dimensions
Creators: name: Adroguer, P.
name: Carpentier, D.
name: Montambaux, G.
name: Orignac, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A continuous deformation of a Hamiltonian possessing at low energy two Dirac points of opposite chiralities can lead to a gap opening by merging of the two Dirac points. In two dimensions, the critical Hamiltonian possesses a semi-Dirac spectrum: linear in one direction but quadratic in the other. We study the transport properties across such a transition, from a Dirac semi-metal through a semi-Dirac phase towards a gapped phase. Using both a Boltzmann approach and a diagrammatic Kubo approach, we describe the conductivity tensor within the diffusive regime. In particular, we show that both the anisotropy of the Fermi surface and the Dirac nature of the eigenstates combine to give rise to anisotropic transport times, manifesting themselves through an unusual matrix self-energy.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures
Named Tensor Notation
Creators: name: Chiang, David
name: Rush, Alexander M.
name: Barak, Boaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a notation for tensors with named axes, which relieves the author, reader, and future implementers of machine learning models from the burden of keeping track of the order of axes and the purpose of each. The notation makes it easy to lift operations on low-order tensors to higher order ones, for example, from images to minibatches of images, or from an attention mechanism to multiple attention heads. After a brief overview and formal definition of the notation, we illustrate it through several examples from modern machine learning, from building blocks like attention and convolution to full models like Transformers and LeNet. We then discuss differential calculus in our notation and compare with some alternative notations. Our proposals build on ideas from many previous papers and software libraries. We hope that our notation will encourage more authors to use named tensors, resulting in clearer papers and more precise implementations.
4-Implant Supported Fixed Prosthesis (ISFP) In The Edentulous Maxilla: A Pilot Study on Strategic Use of Short Implants Implant, Prosthetic and Quality of Life Outcomes
Creators: name: Pin Harry, Oliver C.
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2011

description: Complete edentulism is a tremendous global health care burden with expected need for treatment to rise in the next 20 years. Maxillary dentures may provide acceptable patient satisfaction, however patients may desire a maxillary implant Supported Fixed Prosthesis (ISFP). ISFP's in the edentulous maxilla is associated with perceived need for grafting to support 'large' implants (>10 mm long), large number of implants (6 or more) and complex prostheses. Improved access to care and success of therapy may involve simplification. This was a pilot study involving 10 patients treated with four Astra Tech Osseospeed TM implants for an ISFP using a CAD-CAM Co-Cr framework. This study aims at simplifying therapy by avoiding or minimizing bone grafting and the use of short implants. Treatment efficacy and quality of life was evaluated with the OHIP-49 questionnaire and by documenting prosthetic complications and implant survival. The overall objective was to assess the feasibility, safety and potential of this new treatment modality.
Classifying Unidentified X-ray Sources in the Chandra Source Catalog Using a Multiwavelength Machine-learning Approach
Creators: name: Yang, Hui
name: Hare, Jeremy
name: Kargaltsev, Oleg
name: Volkov, Igor
name: Chen, Steven
name: Rangelov, Blagoy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rapid increase in serendipitous X-ray source detections requires the development of novel approaches to efficiently explore the nature of X-ray sources. If even a fraction of these sources could be reliably classified, it would enable population studies for various astrophysical source types on a much larger scale than currently possible. Classification of large numbers of sources from multiple classes characterized by multiple properties (features) must be done automatically and supervised machine learning (ML) seems to provide the only feasible approach. We perform classification of Chandra Source Catalog version 2.0 (CSCv2) sources to explore the potential of the ML approach and identify various biases, limitations, and bottlenecks that present themselves in these kinds of studies. We establish the framework and present a flexible and expandable Python pipeline, which can be used and improved by others. We also release the training data set of 2941 X-ray sources with confidently established classes. In addition to providing probabilistic classifications of 66,369 CSCv2 sources (21% of the entire CSCv2 catalog), we perform several narrower-focused case studies (high-mass X-ray binary candidates and X-ray sources within the extent of the H.E.S.S. TeV sources) to demonstrate some possible applications of our ML approach. We also discuss future possible modifications of the presented pipeline, which are expected to lead to substantial improvements in classification confidences.
description: Published in ApJ 941, 104 (2022). The data and software used in this paper are available at https://github.com/huiyang-astro/MUWCLASS_CSCv2 and also on Vizier https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/941/104. The interactive training dataset visualization is available at https://home.gwu.edu/~kargaltsev/XCLASS/
Evaluating Distributed Execution of Workloads
Creators: name: Turilli, Matteo
name: Babuji, Yadu Nand
name: Merzky, Andre
name: Ha, Ming Tai
name: Wilde, Michael
name: Katz, Daniel S.
name: Jha, Shantenu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Resource selection and task placement for distributed execution poses conceptual and implementation difficulties. Although resource selection and task placement are at the core of many tools and workflow systems, the methods are ad hoc rather than being based on models. Consequently, partial and non-interoperable implementations proliferate. We address both the conceptual and implementation difficulties by experimentally characterizing diverse modalities of resource selection and task placement. We compare the architectures and capabilities of two systems: the AIMES middleware and Swift workflow scripting language and runtime. We integrate these systems to enable the distributed execution of Swift workflows on Pilot-Jobs managed by the AIMES middleware. Our experiments characterize and compare alternative execution strategies by measuring the time to completion of heterogeneous uncoupled workloads executed at diverse scale and on multiple resources. We measure the adverse effects of pilot fragmentation and early binding of tasks to resources and the benefits of backfill scheduling across pilots on multiple resources. We then use this insight to execute a multi-stage workflow across five production-grade resources. We discuss the importance and implications for other tools and workflow systems.
Asymptotically perfect efficient quantum state transfer across uniform chains with two impurities
Creators: name: Chen, Xining
name: Mereau, Robert
name: Feder, David L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to transfer quantum information from one location to another with high fidelity is of central importance to quantum information science. Unfortunately for the simplest system of a uniform chain (a spin chain or a particle in a one-dimensional lattice), the state transfer time grows exponentially in the chain length $N$ at fixed fidelity. In this work we show that the addition of an impurity near each endpoint, coupled to the uniform chain with strength $w$, is sufficient to ensure efficient and high-fidelity state transfer. An eigenstate localized in the vicinity of the impurity can be tuned into resonance with chain extended states by tuning $w(N)\propto N^{1/2}$; the resulting avoided crossing yields resonant eigenstates with large amplitudes on the chain endpoints and approximately equidistant eigenvalues. The state transfer time scales as $t\propto N^{3/2}$ and its fidelity $F$ approaches unity in the thermodynamic limit $N\to\infty$; the error scales as $1-F\propto N^{-1}$. Thus, with the addition of two impurities, asymptotically perfect state transfer with a uniform chain is possible even in the absence of external control.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Random access codes via quantum contextual redundancy
Creators: name: Gatti, Giancarlo
name: Huerga, Daniel
name: Solano, Enrique
name: Sanz, Mikel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a protocol to encode classical bits in the measurement statistics of many-body Pauli observables, leveraging quantum correlations for a random access code. Measurement contexts built with these observables yield outcomes with intrinsic redundancy, something we exploit by encoding the data into a set of convenient context eigenstates. This allows to randomly access the encoded data with few resources. The eigenstates used are highly entangled and can be generated by a discretely-parametrized quantum circuit of low depth. Applications of this protocol include algorithms requiring large-data storage with only partial retrieval, as is the case of decision trees. Using $n$-qubit states, this Quantum Random Access Code has greater success probability than its classical counterpart for $n\ge 14$ and than previous Quantum Random Access Codes for $n \ge 16$. Furthermore, for $n\ge 18$, it can be amplified into a nearly-lossless compression protocol with success probability $0.999$ and compression ratio $O(n^2/2^n)$. The data it can store is equal to Google-Drive server capacity for $n= 44$, and to a brute-force solution for chess (what to do on any board configuration) for $n= 100$.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, revised version
An Overview of Human Activity Recognition Using Wearable Sensors: Healthcare and Artificial Intelligence
Creators: name: Liu, Rex
name: Ramli, Albara Ah
name: Zhang, Huanle
name: Henricson, Erik
name: Liu, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: With the rapid development of the internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, human activity recognition (HAR) has been applied in a variety of domains such as security and surveillance, human-robot interaction, and entertainment. Even though a number of surveys and review papers have been published, there is a lack of HAR overview papers focusing on healthcare applications that use wearable sensors. Therefore, we fill in the gap by presenting this overview paper. In particular, we present our projects to illustrate the system design of HAR applications for healthcare. Our projects include early mobility identification of human activities for intensive care unit (ICU) patients and gait analysis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. We cover essential components of designing HAR systems including sensor factors (e.g., type, number, and placement location), AI model selection (e.g., classical machine learning models versus deep learning models), and feature engineering. In addition, we highlight the challenges of such healthcare-oriented HAR systems and propose several research opportunities for both the medical and the computer science community.
A paradifferential approach for hyperbolic dynamical systems and applications
Creators: name: Bonthonneau, Yannick Guedes
name: Guillarmou, Colin
name: de Poyferré, Thibault
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop a paradifferential approach for studying non-smooth hyperbolic dynamics and related non-linear PDE from a microlocal point of view. As an application, we describe the microlocal regularity, i.e the $H^s$ wave-front set for all $s$, of the unstable bundle $E_u$ for an Anosov flow. We also recover rigidity results of Hurder-Katok and Hasselblatt in the Sobolev class rather than Hölder: there is $s_0>0$ such that if $E_u$ has $H^s$ regularity for $s>s_0$ then it is smooth (with $s_0=2$ for volume preserving $3$-dimensional Anosov flows). In the appendix by Guedes Bonthonneau, it is also shown that it can be applied to deal with non-smooth flows and potentials. This work could serve as a toolbox for other applications.
description: 40 pages, typos corrected and references added
The cubic moment of Hecke--Maass cusp forms and moments of $L$-functions
Creators: name: Huang, Bingrong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 11F12 (Primary) 11F72, 58J51, 81Q50 (Secondary)

description: In this paper, we prove the smooth cubic moments vanish for the Hecke--Maass cusp forms, which gives a new case of the random wave conjecture. In fact, we can prove a polynomial decay for the smooth cubic moments, while for the smooth second moment (i.e. QUE) no rate of decay is known unconditionally for general Hecke--Maass cusp forms. The proof bases on various estimates of moments of central $L$-values. We prove the Lindelöf on average bound for the first moment of $\rm GL(3)\times GL(2)$ $L$-functions in short intervals of the subconvexity strength length, and the convexity strength upper bound for the mixed moment of $\rm GL(2)$ and the triple product $L$-functions. In particular, we prove new subconvexity bounds of certain $\rm GL(3)\times GL(2)$ $L$-functions.
description: 37 pages, incorporates the referees' comments and corrections; to appear in Mathematische Annalen. Comments welcome
Theory of diffusion-influenced reactions in complex geometries
Creators: name: Galanti, Marta
name: Fanelli, Duccio
name: Piazza, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chemical reactions involving diffusion of reactants and subsequent chemical fixation steps are generally termed "diffusion-influenced" (DI). Virtually all biochemical processes in living media can be counted among them, together with those occurring in an ever-growing number of emerging nano-technologies. The role of the environment's geometry (obstacles, compartmentalization) and distributed reactivity (competitive reactants, traps) is key in modulating the rate constants of DI reactions, and is therefore a prime design parameter. Yet, it is a formidable challenge to build a comprehensive theory able to describe the environment's "reactive geometry". Here we show that such a theory can be built by unfolding this many-body problem through addition theorems for special functions. Our method is powerful and general and allows one to study a given DI reaction occurring in arbitrary "reactive landscapes", made of multiple spherical boundaries of given size and reactivity. Importantly, ready-to-use analytical formulas can be derived easily in most cases.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Computation of Weighted Bergman Inner Products on Bounded Symmetric Domains and Parseval-Plancherel-Type Formulas under Subgroups
Creators: name: Nakahama, Ryosuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E45, 43A85, 17C30

description: Let $(G,G_1)=(G,(G^σ)_0)$ be a symmetric pair of holomorphic type, and we consider a pair of Hermitian symmetric spaces $D_1=G_1/K_1\subset D=G/K$, realized as bounded symmetric domains in complex vector spaces ${\mathfrak p}^+_1:=({\mathfrak p}^+)^σ\subset{\mathfrak p}^+$ respectively. Then the universal covering group $\widetilde{G}$ of $G$ acts unitarily on the weighted Bergman space ${\mathcal H}_λ(D)\subset{\mathcal O}(D)={\mathcal O}_λ(D)$ on $D$ for sufficiently large $λ$. Its restriction to the subgroup $\widetilde{G}_1$ decomposes discretely and multiplicity-freely, and its branching law is given explicitly by Hua-Kostant-Schmid-Kobayashi's formula in terms of the $\widetilde{K}_1$-decomposition of the space ${\mathcal P}({\mathfrak p}^+_2)$ of polynomials on ${\mathfrak p}^+_2:=({\mathfrak p}^+)^{-σ}\subset{\mathfrak p}^+$. The object of this article is to understand the decomposition of the restriction ${\mathcal H}_λ(D)|_{\widetilde{G}_1}$ by studying the weighted Bergman inner product on each $\widetilde{K}_1$-type in ${\mathcal P}({\mathfrak p}^+_2)\subset{\mathcal H}_λ(D)$. For example, by computing explicitly the norm $\Vert f\Vert_λ$ for $f=f(x_2)\in{\mathcal P}({\mathfrak p}^+_2)$, we can determine the Parseval-Plancherel-type formula for the decomposition of ${\mathcal H}_λ(D)|_{\widetilde{G}_1}$. Also, by computing the poles of $\langle f(x_2),{\rm e}^{(x|\overline{z})_{{\mathfrak p}^+}}\rangle_{λ,x}$ for $f(x_2)\in{\mathcal P}({\mathfrak p}^+_2)$, $x=(x_1,x_2)$, $z\in{\mathfrak p}^+={\mathfrak p}^+_1\oplus{\mathfrak p}^+_2$, we can get some information on branching of ${\mathcal O}_λ(D)|_{\widetilde{G}_1}$ also for $λ$ in non-unitary range. In this article we consider these problems for all $\widetilde{K}_1$-types in ${\mathcal P}({\mathfrak p}^+_2)$.
Multiple-Fold Fermions and Topological Fermi Arcs Induced Catalytic Enhancement in Nanoporous Electride C12A7
Creators: name: Meng, Weizhen
name: Zhang, Xiaoming
name: Liu, Ying
name: Dai, Xuefang
name: Liu, Guodong
name: Kou, Liangzhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological materials are recently regarded as the idea catalysts due to the protected surface metallic states and high carrier mobility, however the fundamental mechanism and the underlying relationship between the catalytic performance and topological states are in debate. Here, by means of symmetry analysis and first-principles calculations, we discover that the electride material of C12A7 hosts the multiple-fold fermions due to the interstitial-electrons, with the sixfold- and fourfold- degenerate points locating at high symmetric points near the Fermi energy, which are identified as the underlying reason of the enhanced catalytic ability in C12A7-based catalysts. The multiple-fold fermions exhibit much longer Fermi arcs on the (001) surface than traditional Weyl/Dirac fermions, the surface is thus highly chemical active and possesses a low Gibbs free energy for the hydrogen evolution reaction. The underlying relationship between catalytic performance and the topological surface state is explicitly verified by artificially hole doping, external strain and similar electride without the Fermi arcs, where the Gibbs free energies are significantly increased when the Fermi arcs is shifted to higher energy level. This work offers a guiding principle for understanding catalytic nature of electrides and the topological quantum catalysts.