cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Process optimization for microbial safety and sensory evaluation of high pressure processed hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria)
Creators: name: Narwankar, Shalaka
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: Hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) are the most valuable commercially harvested clams in the United States. Among the various market grades of hard clams, littleneck and topneck are often eaten raw. Although most of the hard clams are harvested from approved waters under the guidelines of National Shellfish Sanitation Program, there are hard clams which are harvested from restricted waters under special permit. These restricted waters often have high levels of fecal coliforms (14-88 MPN). Clams harvested from these waters must undergo post harvest treatment either by relaying to clean waters or through depuration before entering the market. These treatments are time consuming and are not always effective in purging the bacteria and viruses.  Thus, an alternate post harvest technology would benefit both the fishermen and the clam processors in terms of increased landings by accessing the special restricted areas and also by having a premium safe product in the market.High pressure processing (HPP) has been proven to be successful for reducing bacteria and viruses in oysters along with the retention of raw flavor. We investigated the effect of HPP on microbial safety of raw littleneck clams from restricted waters. Since the profitability of the process also depends on the preferences of consumers, we evaluated the impact of HPP process on the consumer acceptance of hard clams from approved waters.Littleneck hard clams from special restricted water were high pressure processed following a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) experimental design to optimize the pressure and hold time and then were evaluated microbiologically. The log reduction of the total bacterial count due to HPP was found to be primarily a function of pressure. Clams from approved waters were used for sensory evaluation. These clams were high pressure processed at 310 MPa for 3 minutes. A consumer panel sensory evaluation of these clams showed that consumers (n=60) equally preferred the HPP and the unprocessed clams. Consumers preferring the HPP clam (n=28) liked plumpness and saltiness of this sample more, whereas consumers preferring the unprocessed clam (n=32) liked the saltiness and chewiness of the unprocessed sample more. Thus, it was a taste driven preference.
Bergalna Boulard & Martinelli 1996
Creators: name: Sanborn, Allen F.
name: Heath, Maxine S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Bergalna

description: Bergalna Boulard & Martinelli, 1996
Type species. Fidicina pullata Berg, 1879 (Argentina).
Remarks. The genus has representatives collected in Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia (Metcalf 1963a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2010a; 2013).
description: Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F. & Heath, Maxine S., 2014, The cicadas of Argentina with new records, a new genus and fifteen new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), pp. 1-94 in Zootaxa 3883 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3883.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4951252
Poecilomelitta lacrymosa Popov 1967
Creators: name: Astafurova, Yulia V.
name: Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Andrenidae
Poecilomelitta
Poecilomelitta lacrymosa

description: 38. Poecilomelitta lacrymosa Popov, 1967
(Fig. 38a–g)
Poecilomelitta lacrymosa Popov, 1967: 190, ♀.
Type locality: Hajjiabad, Hormozgan Province (Iran).
Published (original) locality: “Gokh-Kush, 30 km S of Khadzhiabad”.
Holotype: ♀, Гох-Куш, 30 км Южн[ее] Хаджиабада, Иран [Iran, Hormozgan Province, 30 km S of Hajjiabad, Gokh-Kush, 28°01′N 55°56′E], 7.V.1955, Д. Штейнберг [D. Shteinberg leg.] // Holotypus Poecilomelitta lacrymosa Popov, ♀  // Flavomeliturgula lacrymosa, ♀, Det. Patiny 2002 // Zoological Institute St. Petersburg INS_HYM_0002628.
Current status. Flavomeliturgula (Flavomeliturgula) lacrymosa (Popov, 1967) (according to Patiny 1999a: 251).
Distribution. Iran (Popov 1967; Engel et al. 2019).
description: Published as part of Astafurova, Yulia V. & Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu., 2024, The type specimens of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Contribution VIII. Family Andrenidae, subfamily Panurginae, pp. 251-293 in Zootaxa 5541 (3) on page 289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5541.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/14241042
Bergalna pullata
Creators: name: Sanborn, Allen F.
name: Heath, Maxine S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Bergalna
Bergalna pullata

description: Bergalna pullata (Berg, 1879)
Fidicina pullata Berg 1879: 139 (type material examined).
Type locality. Corrientes, Argentina.
Remarks. The species was collected in Argentina and Brazil (Metcalf 1963a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Martinelli & Zucchi 1997). The species was reported from Corrientes Province in Argentina (Berg 1879; Torres 1945b) and we identified a male from Misiones Province.
New provincial record. S. JOSÉ–(Mis), 42, NICOLAO S.S. (one male, MLPA).
description: Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F. & Heath, Maxine S., 2014, The cicadas of Argentina with new records, a new genus and fifteen new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), pp. 1-94 in Zootaxa 3883 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3883.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4951252
Poecilomelitta ornata Popov 1951
Creators: name: Astafurova, Yulia V.
name: Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Andrenidae
Poecilomelitta
Poecilomelitta ornata

description: 39. Poecilomelitta ornata Popov, 1951
(Fig. 39a–e)
Poecilomelitta ornata Popov, 1951: 577, ♂.
Type locality: Jeddah, Makkah Province (Saudi Arabia).
Published (original) locality: “Dzhedda, Aravia”.
Lectotype (designated here): ♂, N 114, [Saudi Arabia, Makkah Province, Jeddah, 39°10′N 21°32′E], [February, N.N. Zhehzhurist leg.] // Poecilomelitta ornata Popov, Typ. V. Popov, 1950 [handwritten by V. Popov] // Lectotypus Poecilomelitta ornata Popov, 1951, desidn. Astafurova & Proshchalykin, 2024  // Meliturgula ornata, ♂, Det. Patiny 2002 // Zoological Institute St. Petersburg INS_HYM_0002597.
Paralectotypes: 2 ♀, the same label as in the lectotype.
Current status. Meliturgula (Popovmeliturgula) ornata (Popov, 1951) (according to Michener 2007: 293).
Distribution. Saudi Arabia (Popov 1951).
description: Published as part of Astafurova, Yulia V. & Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu., 2024, The type specimens of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Contribution VIII. Family Andrenidae, subfamily Panurginae, pp. 251-293 in Zootaxa 5541 (3) on page 290, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5541.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/14241042
Proarna Stal 1864
Creators: name: Sanborn, Allen F.
name: Heath, Maxine S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Proarna

description: Proarna Stål, 1864
Type species. Cicada hilaris Germar, 1830 (“ Australia?” was given as the type locality but it is a New World genus).
Remarks. The genus is widespread through the neotropics with species recorded from the Antilles, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Peru, Surinam, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela, Virgin Islands, and West Indies (Metcalf 1963a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2006a; 2007a; 2007b; 2008a; 2010a; 2011a; 2011b; 2013).
description: Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F. & Heath, Maxine S., 2014, The cicadas of Argentina with new records, a new genus and fifteen new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), pp. 1-94 in Zootaxa 3883 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3883.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4951252
Does tobacco exposure delay conception?
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: This three-year study addresses the relationship between tobacco exposure in women and delayed time-to pregnancy. Several studies have suggested that smoking by women or their partners can affect fertility and delay conception. But we do not know whether women exposed to passive smoke have reduced fertility or conception delay. Previous studies may have underestimated smoking effects because they did not take passive exposure into account among non-smokers, and because they relied on women's self-reports of smoking. This study of time-to-pregnancy is the first to use a biochemical measure of tobacco exposure capable of detecting passive exposure levels. Data and specimens were collected as part of a previous TRDRP-funded study (#8RT-0115). Women obtaining pregnancy tests were surveyed to determine use of birth control and duration of unprotected intercourse, and consented to storage and testing of leftover urine from the pregnancy test. We will analyze selected specimens for cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, and model the relationship to time-to-pregnancy. The unique study population permits the creation of multiple study samples to examine potential bias affecting pregnancy-based time-to-pregnancy studies.

 In the first year, we have made progress on several fronts including hiring of study personnel, preparation of analytic datasets, preliminary analysis, and creation of study samples. We used probabilistic matching software to link survey forms to live birth certificates and identify women with multiple stored urine specimens. We have created three study groups for analysis: Women at-risk for pregnancy, women with positive pregnancy tests, and women delivering live births who have also completed a hospital survey. Estimates of time-to-pregnancy have been compared across the three study groups of interest by demographic characteristics. Through linkage to self-reported smoking information on completed hospital surveys, we have documented an increase in time-to-pregnancy among smokers relative to non-smokers. By the end of Year 1, we will have completed the sampling and shipping of 1,500 urine specimens for cotinine analysis by the Centers for Disease Control, Tobacco Exposure Biomarkers Laboratory.

 In Years 2 and 3, specimens will be analyzed for cotinine and dose-response models will be developed. The results will provide the best assessment to date of active and passive tobacco exposure effects on delayed conception. A positive finding could give couples added incentive to quit smoking or to avoid passive exposure to cigarette smoke, and potentially influence policies directed toward protecting adults from second-hand smoke.
Click to connect: testing the internet dating use and outcomes model
Creators: name: Moreno, Amanda Heather
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: Online dating is a popular method of meeting potential mates. The Internet Dating Use and Outcomes (IDUO) model attempts to delineate the personality and situational factors that lead up to the choice to try online dating, as well as to explain the factors that combine to form a self-perceived successful experience. Study 1 surveyed a sample of Internet users to test the IDUO model's hypothesized relationships between "trigger events", self-perceived time available for traditional dating methods, and attachment style and the choice to try online dating. Study 2 surveyed the users of an online dating website to test whether the ability to find similar others and increased amounts of communication predicted two aspects of success, and the means through which amount of communication related to success. In both studies, attachment styles within the sample of online daters demonstrated a different profile than expected in the general population, with a decreased number of securely attached individuals and an increased number of preoccupied and fearfully attached individuals.
Melitturga pictipes Morawitz 1891
Creators: name: Astafurova, Yulia V.
name: Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Andrenidae
Melitturga
Melitturga pictipes

description: Melitturga pictipes Morawitz, 1891
Meliturga [sic!] pictipes Morawitz, 1891: 137, ♀, ♂.
Type locality: Germab, Akhal Province (Turkmenistan).
Published (original) locality: “Transcaspico: Germab”.
Remarks. The lectotype designation by Proshchalykin et al. (2016: 570) is invalid because Chemakhli (Azerbaijan) is not the type locality of this species. There are no specimens labelled Germab (Turkmenistan) in the ZISP collection.
Current status. Melitturga (Melitturga) pictipes Morawitz, 1891 (according to Patiny 1999a: 245).
description: Published as part of Astafurova, Yulia V. & Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu., 2024, The type specimens of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Contribution VIII. Family Andrenidae, subfamily Panurginae, pp. 251-293 in Zootaxa 5541 (3) on pages 290-291, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5541.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/14241042
Non Destructive Testing
Creators: name: Hadzihafizovic, Dzevad
Publisher: name: Dzevad Hadzihafizovic's Lab
Year: 2024

description: Nondestructive testing (NDT), also known as nondestructive evaluation and nondestructive inspection, is a multidisciplinary profession that blends quality assurance and materials science. NDT is used to inspect and evaluate materials, components, or assemblies without destroying their serviceability.
Smoking, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Although it is well recognized that cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increased in cigarette smokers, the cause and effect relationship between smoking and CVD is not clear. The rationale behind this study is that cigarette smokers tend to be more resistant to the action of insulin than nonsmokers, and it is the subset of smokers that are the most insulin resistant, with its associated adverse consequences, that are the greatest risk of CVD. Furthermore, it is proposed that administration of pioglitazone (PIO), a drug that improves insulin sensitivity, will significantly decrease overall CVD risk when give to insulin resistant individuals, unwilling to stop smoking. In contrast, PIO treatment in the control group, insulin sensitive smokers unwilling to stop smoking, will have little, or no, effect on decreasing overall CVD risk.

 During the first year of the study we have been successful in enrolling 17 cigarette smokers, unwilling to stop smoking, and have strong, but preliminary, evidence that PIO treatment is able to significantly enhance insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant smokers. We plan to continue to enroll subjects in both experimental groups, and evaluate the effects of PIO treatment on multiple CVD risk factors associated with smoking. If the preliminary results can be confirmed, it will provide a possible therapeutic approach to reduce CVD in individuals who are determined to continue smoking.
Effect of compaction on removal efficiency of lead, copper, zinc, nitrate, and phosphate in a bioretention system: a column study
Creators: name: Moore, James R.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: Stormwater management has become an important part of the field of water resources management.  The traditional method of disposing of urban stormwater was to drain it away as quickly as possible.  However, in recent years, questions concerning the impacts on the receiving waters began to arise, and in response to these concerns, some communities have elected to encourage capturing and treating stormwater runoff.  This is accomplished by having a portion of the stormwater infiltrate into the soil.  A bioretention system is an innovative practice of pollutant control used for this purpose.  These systems combine the concepts of detention ponds and biological treatment in an attempt to provide higher overall pollutant removal.  However, little is known about the overall efficiency of bioretention.  The purpose of this study was to see if compaction affects the pollutant removal efficiency (PRE) of a bioretention system.  Fifteen columns were constructed of 8 inch diameter PVC piping.  Series One through Five had bulk densities of 1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, and 1.7 g/cm3.  The contaminants examined were lead, copper, zinc, nitrate, and phosphate.  Soil compacted too much or too little was less efficient at removing metals from the runoff.  Soil with a bulk density of 1.4 -- 1.5 g/cm3 was more efficient at removing the metals than soil with bulk densities of 1.1, 1.2, and 1.7 g/cm3.  However, compaction of the soil did not have a significant (p[less than]0.05) impact on the PREs of the metals.  Also, there was no significant effect of compaction of the soil on the PREs of the nutrients.  The PREs (which were usually negative) for both nitrate and phosphate improved as the compaction increased.  The soil that had a bulk density of 1.7 g/cm3 had the highest PREs for both nutrients.  This was an unexpected result, as most of the previous studies state that it is not a good tactic to compact the planting soil of a bioretention system as it tends to decrease the infiltration rate.
Proarna bufo Distant 1905
Creators: name: Sanborn, Allen F.
name: Heath, Maxine S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Proarna
Proarna bufo

description: Proarna bufo Distant, 1905
Proarna bufo Distant 1905a: 312 (type material examined).
Type locality. Argentina and Bolivia.
Remarks. Torres (1961a) synomymized this species with P. bergi. This was probably due to the fact that the specimens examined were collected in a zone of overlap where the two species co-occur. The type specimen of P. bufo in the BMNH is morphologically distinct from the type of P. bergi. The two species also differ in their distribution and physiology (Sanborn et al. 1995b) and were considered to be separate species. Although the species was reported from Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Chaco, Formosa, La Pampa, La Rioja, Santa Fe, San Luis, Salta, Santiago del Estero, and Tucumán Provinces (Torres 1946; Hayward 1942; 1960; Bolcatto et al. 2006; De Santis et al. 2007), we determined P. bufo generally has a more southern and eastern range species than P. bergi. We collected specimens from Córdoba, Entre Rios and San Luis Provinces. The species is associated with the Espinal and Pampas floristic provinces (Sanborn et al. 2011a).
New provincial records. Entre Rios, Ruta 12— 8 km No. of Rio Parana Guazu, 3-I-1988, M.S. Heath Coll. (one male, MSHC); Entre Rios, Ruta 12— 8 km No. of Rio Parana Guazu, 3-I-1988, J.E. Heath Coll. (one male, one female, MSHC); Entre Rios, Ruta 12— 8 km No. of Rio Parana Guazu, 3-I-1988, F. Noriega coll. (two males, MSHC).
description: Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F. & Heath, Maxine S., 2014, The cicadas of Argentina with new records, a new genus and fifteen new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), pp. 1-94 in Zootaxa 3883 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3883.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4951252
Self-promotion vs. backlash prevention: regulatory focus and gender differences in self-advocacy
Creators: name: Moss-Racusin, Corinne Alison
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: Considerable evidence has shown that, relative to men, women are less effective at self-advocacy, despite its importance for closing the gender gap in professional success. Women fear backlash for counterstereotypical behavior (such as self-promotion, which violates prescriptions for female communality), and engage in defensive strategies designed to avoid it (Rudman & Fairchild, 2004). No research has tested the effects of fear of backlash on performance (e.g., self-advocacy). To address this gap, I propose that backlash threat leads to an inhibitory prevention focused self-regulatory style (Crowe & Higgins, 1997) that subsequently interferes with women's self-advocacy ability. In contrast, because self-advocacy behavior does not violate masculine prescriptive stereotypes, I expect that men will not experience fear of backlash; as a result, they will employ a successful promotion focused regulatory style, and demonstrate greater self-advocacy ability. Experiment 1 validated the usage of a lexical decision task to implicitly assess acute regulatory focus.  Experiment 2 tested my focal hypotheses by comparing male and female participants on a self or peer-advocacy task. Results did not support the hypothesized gender differences or the predictive utility of the proposed model. However, for self-advocating women, the model performed as expected, such that threat of backlash lead to lowered ability to employ a useful promotion focused regulatory style, resulting in diminished advocacy ability. Implications for future research and women's self-advocacy abilities, as well as limitations of the research, are discussed.
Black internationalism and African and Caribbean intellectuals in London, 1919-1950
Creators: name: Matera, Marc
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: During the three decades between the end of World War I and 1950, African and West Indian scholars, professionals, university students, artists, and political activists in London forged new conceptions of community, reshaped public debates about the nature and goals of British colonialism, and prepared the way for a revolutionary and self-consciously modern African culture. Black intellectuals formed organizations that became homes away from home and centers of cultural mixture and intellectual debate, and launched publications that served as new means of voicing social commentary and political dissent. These black associations developed within an atmosphere characterized by a variety of internationalisms, including pan-ethnic movements, feminism, communism, and the socialist internationalism ascendant within the British Left after World War I. The intellectual and political context of London and the types of sociability that these groups fostered gave rise to a range of black internationalist activity and new regional imaginaries in the form of a West Indian Federation and a United West Africa that shaped the goals of anticolonialism before 1950. This dissertation examines the black organizations and other social spaces that brought people of African descent together in London to illustrate how the city functioned, at once, as imperial metropolis and global city, as the administrative center of the British Empire and the nexus of black resistance to racism and imperialism.
Discovering underlying forms: contrast pairs and ranking
Creators: name: Merchant, Nazarre Nathaniel
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: Phonological learners must acquire a lexicon of underlying forms and a constraint ranking. These must be acquired simultaneously, as the ranking and the underlying forms are interdependent. Exhaustive search of all possible lexica is intractable; the space of lexica is simply too large. Searching the underlying forms for each overt form in isolation poses other problems. A single overt form is often highly ambiguous among both underlying forms and rankings. In this dissertation I propose a learning algorithm that attends to pairs of overt forms that differ in exactly one morpheme. These pairs can exhibit less ambiguity than the isolated overt forms, while still providing a reduced search space.The algorithm first assigns underlying values to occurrences of features whose surface realization never alternates; the other underlying features are left initially unset (Tesar et al., 2003).  Pairs of overt forms that differ in one morpheme are then constructed.  The algorithm then considers the possible values of unset features for each pair, processing pairs with the fewest unset features first. It uses inconsistency detection (Tesar, 1997) to test sets of values of unset features for viability. A set of values for the unset features is viable if it produces the correct overt forms under some ranking. Those feature values which are common across all viable solutions are then set.  In the process of testing for inconsistency for each set of values of unset features a set of winner-loser pairs is generated.  The learner determines the ranking restrictions jointly entailed by these sets of winner-loser pairs.  These ranking restrictions are then maintained while processing all further contrast pairs.  After all pairs have been processed, any still unset feature values are assigned default values. The general success of the algorithm depends upon these features being fully predictable in the output.  A ranking is then obtained from this lexicon using Biased Constraint Demotion (Prince and Tesar, 2004).Fixing all non-alternating features reduces the effective lexical search space. The algorithm further reduces the lexical search space by breaking up the search into tractable local pair searches.  Extracting shared ranking information from winner-loser pairs generated from inconsistency detection restricts which featural combinations for future contrast pairs will be viable providing information that is otherwise unavailable to the learner.
In vitro induction of multi-antibiotic resistant phenotypes in staphyloccocus aureus by exposure to environmental waters
Creators: name: McChesney, Dennis J.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: In vitro exposure of Staphylococcus aureus strain ATTC 9144 for 10-days to environmental water samples including ambient fresh water and wastewater treatment plant influents and effluents increased the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values versus the controls in 11of the 51 (22%) samples assayed.  Increases in the MIC values for all of the assayed antibiotics were observed in more than one sample.  Antibiotic resistance, as measured by an increase in the MIC values greater than or equal to 4 times the control sample MIC value, was observed most frequently for tetracycline (22%) and the beta lactam ampicillin, (20%), and the beta lactam methicillin (18%).  The aminoglycoside, kanamycin, increased the MIC values least frequently (9%).  Methicillin was co-resistant with ampicillin and tetracycline in all of the methicillin resistant samples.  For other antibiotics assayed for their MIC values in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 9144 after exposure to environmental waters, all displayed multi-antibiotic resistance with ampicillin and tetracycline resistance, suggesting a common origin or assembly of resistance traits.  Vancomycin resistance was present in 10% of the 40 samples assayed for its MIC, and coexisted with methicillin resistance in 75% of the vancomycin resistant samples.
Proarna capistrata Distant 1885, rev. stat.
Creators: name: Sanborn, Allen F.
name: Heath, Maxine S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Proarna
Proarna capistrata

description: Proarna capistrata Distant, 1885, rev. stat.
Proarna capistrata Distant 1885: 60 (type material examined).
Type locality. Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Remarks. Torres (1961) considered the species a junior synonym of P. montevidensis Berg. Torres’ specimens came from an area where the two species are sympatric and he considered the two species to be one (Torres 1961b). When compared to P. montevidensis, P. capistrata is smaller, has less infuscation in the forewing, has less dorsal coloration, proportionately smaller forewings, the anterior point of the timbal cover is angled dorsally rather than pointing anteriorly, male opercula are angulate medially rather than rounded, the posterior cruciform elevation is smoothly rounded rather than angulate, and the primary femoral spine is more upright, the secondary spine is narrower at the base and the distal spine is almost missing in P. capistrata. More importantly, the male genitalia differ in the size and shape of the lateral uncal lobes (Figure 16) and the medial unus lobes recurve dorsally at the posterior terminus in P. capistrata rather than forming a right angle. The species is known only from Buenos Aires Province, Argentina (Distant 1885).
description: Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F. & Heath, Maxine S., 2014, The cicadas of Argentina with new records, a new genus and fifteen new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), pp. 1-94 in Zootaxa 3883 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3883.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4951252
Integrins and drug resistance in small cell lung cancer
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Small cell lung cancer constitutes about 20% of all lung cancers. This form of cancer is characterized by early and widespread metastases, which makes the treatment of the disease difficult. Most patients with small cell lung cancer initially respond to chemotherapy, but small cell lung cancer almost invariably relapses and becomes resistant to chemotherapeutic treatment. Therefore, the patient 2-year survival rate remains less than 5%. The reasons why small cell lung cancer is especially resistant to chemotherapy are not clear. Most chemotherapy drugs are thought to work so that they activate self-destructive mechanisms in cancer cells and these cells therefore "commit suicide" in response to chemotherapy. It has been hypothesized that resistant cancer cells somehow refuse to commit suicide in response to chemotherapeutic drugs. Our work supported by TRDRP has demonstrated that certain molecules that are on the cell surface, known as integrins, block suicide signals in cancer cells. Normally, the role of integrins is to anchor cells in their place within a tissue. It is thought that in cancer cells, integrins have lost their normal function and instead, they may aid the movement and metastasis of cancer cells. Our original hypothesis was that integrins could also be crucial for the development of drug resistance, and we have been able to show that this is indeed the case, at least in cell culture models. Thus, ligation of certain integrins, but not others, protects cancer cells against chemotherapeutic drug-induced suicide. Importantly, we have been able to diminish this protective effect by inhibitory anti-integrin antibodies in cell culture models. We have also made advances in understanding the mechanisms by which integrins instruct the cancer cells not to commit suicide. Specifically, we have identified an intracellular molecule named PI 3-kinase as a crucial mediator of survival signaling downstream of integrins. Additional data suggest that integrins activate the PI 3-kinase pathway by activating the tyrosine kinase activity of the EGF receptor in cancer cells. This finding demonstrates a new cross-talk between integrins and growth factor receptors during cancer progression, and is especially important taken into consideration the currently ongoing clinical trials in lung cancer with EGFR inhibitors such as Tarceva and Iressa. Our long-term objective is to test whether preventing integrin and/or PI 3-kinase function in a mouse cancer model will increase the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic treatment. If these studies prove to be successful, our findings may provide a considerable benefit in the therapy of small cell lung cancer.
Proarna dactyliophora Berg 1879
Creators: name: Sanborn, Allen F.
name: Heath, Maxine S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Proarna
Proarna dactyliophora

description: Proarna dactyliophora Berg, 1879
Proarna dactyliophora Berg 1879: 143 (type material examined).
Type locality. Tucumán, Argentina.
Remarks. The species may represent a complex of species based on geographic variability in the coloration patterns. The species has been collected in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Paraguay, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963a; De Santis et al. 2007; Sanborn 2007a; 2010a; 2011a). The species was reported from Catamarca, Chaco, Córdoba, Corrientes, Formosa, La Rioja, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, and Tucumán Provinces in Argentina (Berg 1879; Hayward 1942; Torres 1946; Hayward 1960; Bolcatto et al. 2006; De Santis et al. 2006; De Santis et al. 2007). We collected specimens in Chaco, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, La Pampa, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán Provinces in Argentina. The species is associated with the Chaco floristic province (Sanborn et al. 2011a).
New provincial records. Entre Rios, Dto. Federacion, Ruta 14— 2.5 km So. of Corrientes, 4-I-1988, M.S. Heath Coll. (two males, MSHC); Entre Rios, Dto. Federacion, Ruta 14— 2.5 km So. of Corrientes, 4-I-1988, J.E. Heath Coll. (one male, MSHC); Entre Rios, Dto. Federacion, Ruta 14— 2.5 km So. of Corrientes, 4-I-1988, Al Sanborn Coll. (one male, one female, MSHC); Entre Rios, Dto. Federacion, Ruta 14— 2.5 km So. of Corrientes, 4-I-1988, F. Noriega coll. (two males, one female, MSHC); Entre Rios, Dto. Gualeguaychu, Ruta 14— 3 km So. of Rio Gualeguaychu, 3-I-1988, M.S. Heath Coll. (one male, MSHC); Entre Rios, Dto. Gualeguaychu, Ruta 14— 3 km So. of Rio Gualeguaychu, 3-I- 1988, J.E. Heath Coll. (two males, MSHC); Entre Rios, Dto. Gualeguaychu, Ruta 14— 3 km So. of Rio Gualeguaychu, 3-I-1988, Al Sanborn Coll. (three males, MSHC); Entre Rios, Dto. Gualeguaychu, Ruta 14— 3 km So. of Rio Gualeguaychu, 3-I-1988, F. Noriega coll. (three males, MSHC); Entre Rios, Dto. Concordia, Ruta 14 & A del Pedernal, 3-I-1988, Heath-Sanborn-Noriega Coll. (one male, MSHC); La Pampa, Rt. 35— 33 km SW Rt. 152, 4-XII- 1981, M.S. & J.E. Heath coll. EX: Prosopis (two males, MSHC); La Pampa, 20 km N Santa Rosa, 10-XII-1986 (MSHC); La Pampa, 20 km No. of Santa Rosa, 10-XII-1986, F. Noriega coll. EX: Mesquite (one male, MSHC).
description: Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F. & Heath, Maxine S., 2014, The cicadas of Argentina with new records, a new genus and fifteen new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), pp. 1-94 in Zootaxa 3883 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3883.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4951252
Controlled study of withdrawal symptoms in teen smokers
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: The primary aim of the study is to measure withdrawal symptoms that develop in a sample of adolescent smokers attempting to quit smoking. The study is conducted in two phases over a 6-day period. In Phase 1, (Days 1-3), participants smoke in their normal fashion (target sample N = 150). Expired-air carbon monoxide, which is a measure of tobacco exposure and withdrawal symptoms are measured twice each day (AM/PM) during this period. Urine cotinine, a second measure used to detect exposure to nicotine, is measured once each day during this period. In Phase 2, (Days 4-6), participants attempt to quit smoking. Expired-air carbon monoxide and withdrawal symptoms are measured twice each day (AM/PM) during this period. Urine cotinine, is measured once each day during this period. Gift certificates are provided to all participants who complete the study protocol successfully.

 Recruitment began in mid February and is continuing. Adolescent smokers are recruited from local continuation high schools. To date, we have screened a total of 61 adolescent smokers for inclusion in the study protocol. Of this group, 22-adolescent smokers (15 males and 7 females) met eligibility criteria and have completed the study protocol. The ethnic distribution of the current sample is as follows: White: 32%; African American: 14%; Hispanic (Mexican American, Mexican, South American, Other Latino/Hispanic): 27%; Native American: 9%; Asian (Laotian, Korean, Vietnamese, Japanese/Japanese American, Chinese/Chinese American): 0%; Hawaiian/Pacific Islander: 5%; Multiethnic identification: 13%.

 Recruitment of participants will continue through the final year of the study. Data analyses, designed to determine the extent to which adolescent smokers develop withdrawal *symptoms as well as factors that may influence development of withdrawal symptoms will be conducted once recruitment has concluded. This study may have important implications for the prevention and treatment of adolescent smokers in the state of California. Currently, cessation programs for adolescent smokers have not proven to be effective. One obstacle to the development of effective cessation programs is our lack of knowledge about the nature of nicotine dependence in adolescent smokers. Much of our ignorance stems from the fact that almost no studies have been conducted to characterize nicotine dependence in adolescent smokers. Such empirical work is important because adolescent smokers may differ from adult smokers. Studies, such as ours, that examine the ways in which nicotine dependence may influence smoking during adolescence are needed because it may not be sufficient to build effective treatments for adolescent smokers on clinical and research data obtained from studies of adult smokers.
Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression and activity by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in A2058 human melanoma cells
Creators: name: Murphy, Kyle A.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: Malignant melanoma has a high incidence of mortality due to its resistance to chemotherapy and tendency to metastasize, and in the past 60 years has seen an increase in industrialized nations. HYPOTHESIS:  We propose that activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by environmental chemicals contributes to melanoma invasion through enhancing expression and activity of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).  Further, we hypothesize that AhR interactions with other signaling pathways are critical for AhR-induced MMP expression in these cells. The AhR, originally identified as the receptor for the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) family of environmental contaminants, is activated by endogenous and exogenous compounds, including: flavonoids, UV photoproducts of tryptophan, as well as some synthetic retinoids.  We have previously shown that TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin)-activation of the AhR results in increased expression and activity of MMPs -1, -2 and -9.  MMPs are a family of zinc- and calcium-dependent proteinases that degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates that are involved in melanoma progression and metastasis.  In this thesis we show that maximal TCDD-induced MMP-1 activation in A2058 melanoma cells requires 3 cis-acting response elements in the distal portion of the MMP-1 promoter, the NFκB, CCAAT and MITF sites.  These elements are known to be downstream targets of the Ras/Raf signaling pathway, and our data also show that Ras/Raf activation is critical for AhR-induced MMP-1, -2 and -9 expression.  Our data further suggest that AhR-Ras/Raf interactions result in deregulation of ECM metabolism, through alterations in expression of MMPs and their endogenous inhibitors, TIMP-1/-2 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases).  Lastly we demonstrate crosstalk between Ras/Raf signaling and the AhR pathway, and show that loss of AhR results in a reduction in Ras/Raf-mediated phosphorylation of ERK.  Crosstalk is also demonstrated by a reduction of AhR expression and activity observed following Ras/Raf inhibition.  Interestingly, 60% of all melanomas contain an activating mutation, V600EBRAF, in the Ras/Raf pathway, suggesting that melanomas may be more sensitive to AhR-activation.  These data demonstrate that AhR-activated expression of MMPs in A2058 melanoma cells requires Ras/Raf signaling and that these pathways are directly involved in the regulation of enzymes vital to melanoma progression.
Correlates of cigarette craving in acute nicotine withdrawal
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: By inhaling cigarette smoke, a smoker introduces nicotine into his lungs and blood stream. Nicotine causes a variety of chemicals to be released in the brain and in the rest of the body. Many of these are hormonal substances which can produce a feeling of well-being in smokers.

 We are analyzing the blood of smokers when they have been forced to stop smoking for 4 hours to see if the level of nicotine, and of some of the substances released by nicotine, change at the same rate as craving for cigarettes. Furthermore, if falling levels of these substances produce craving, we should be able to tell how important they are by either blocking their action with certain drugs or by mimicking their action with other drugs. We are also looking for any ethnic and gender differences in blood components and craving response to nicotine and its products.

 We are currently running Studies 1-3 (of five). Study 1 uses the 4-hour abstinence paradigm to measure cigarette craving with no drug manipulation. Study 1 is designed to look at ethnic and gender differences and we are recruiting specifically for four groups: Black/African-American, Hispanic, White, and Asian. The other studies use the same 4-hour abstinence paradigm but with nicotine patch versus placebo (Study 2) and mecamylamine, a nicotine antagonist, versus placebo (Study 3).

 Progress Toward Specific Aims:

 We have completed Study 1 data collection and are nearing completion of Study 2. Study 3 recruitment is going well. We have been simultaneously cleaning and entering questionnaire and smoking topography data along with the running of experiments. Statistical analysis of this data is in progress. Plasma cortisol results have been received and plasma nicotine/cotinine analyses are in progress. Studies 4 and 5 are in preparation, case report forms are being created and medications are being ordered.

 Future Direction and Impact:

 Data analyses are in progress for the data collected. An overview of the significant findings to date was presented in a poster at the 2005 TRDRP meeting.
НЕКОТОРЫЕ СУДЕБНО-МЕДИЦИНСКИЕ  АСПЕКТЫ  ОЦЕНКИ ЛЕГКОЙ ЧЕРЕПНО-МОЗГОВОЙ ТРАВМЫ
Creators: name: Якубов, Хаёт
name: Толибжонов, Максуд
name: Исматов, Аброр
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: В статье проведен анализ последствий легкой ЧМТ и дана оценка последствиям лёгкой черепно-мозговой травмы. Отмечено, что проблема оценки последствий легких ЧМТ в судебно-медицинской, медико-социальной и правовом отношении остается актуальной. Для совершенствования, повышения качества и доказательности судебно-медицинской экспертизы лиц с легкой ЧМТ, следует провести комплекс конкретных мероприятий. В частности, должен предусматривать применение новейших методов диагностики в нейротравматологии (компьютерная и магнитно-резонансная томография). В тех случаях, когда подобные исследования не были проведены в клинике, при проведении судебно-медицинской экспертизы в спорных случаях, необходимо направить пострадавшего для их исследования. Для учета последствий легкой ЧМТ, необходимо ставить вопрос перед следственными органами о повторном обследовании пострадавших через 4-6 месяцев, после получения травмы. Это необходимо для определения исхода легких ЧМТ и дальнейшего правого и медико-социального прогноза лечения травматической болезни головного мозга.
Correlates of cigarette craving in acute nicotine withdrawal
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Introduction and Topic Addressed:

 By inhaling cigarette smoke, a smoker introduces nicotine into his lungs and blood stream. Nicotine causes a variety of chemicals to be released in the brain and in the rest of the body. Many of these are hormonal substances which can produce a feeling of well-being in smokers.

 We are analyzing the blood of smokers when they have been forced to stop smoking for 4 hours to see if the level of nicotine, and of some of the substances released by nicotine, change at the same rate as craving for cigarettes. Furthermore, if falling levels of these substances produce craving, we should be able to tell how important they are by either blocking their action with certain drugs or by mimicking their action with other drugs. We are also looking for any ethnic and gender differences in blood components and craving response to nicotine and its products.

 We are currently running Study 1 (of five), which uses the 4-hour abstinence paradigm to measure cigarette

 craving with no drug manipulation. Study 1 is designed to look at ethnic and gender differences and we are

 recruiting specifically for four groups: Black/African-American, Hispanic, White, and Asian.

 Progress Toward Specific Aims:

 Our planned time schedule has been somewhat delayed due to a change of administering institution and delays in personnel hiring process. These issues have been resolved and recruitment and data collection are going well. In addition, to increase recruitment rates and make up initial delays, we have reduced the number of visits subjects must complete and increased their payment amount.

 Future Direction and Impact:

 Data entry has been started but no analysis has yet been performed on the data collected. Therefore no significant findings have resulted as of this report.
Proarna insignis Distant 1881
Creators: name: Sanborn, Allen F.
name: Heath, Maxine S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Proarna
Proarna insignis

description: Proarna insignis Distant, 1881
Proarna albida insignis Distant 1881: 12 (type material examined).
Type locality. Nicaragua and Panama.
Remarks. The species is restricted to the grasslands of the cloud forest habitat in Argentina (Sanborn et al. 1995b; 2011a). The species was recorded from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963a; Sanborn 2006a; 2007a; 2007b; 2010a; 2011b). We collected specimens in Salta Province. The species is associated with the clearings in the cloud forests of the Yunga floristic province (Sanborn et al. 2011a).
New provincial records. Salta, 3.5 km So. of Grl. Enrique Mosconi, 10-I-1988, Heath-Sanborn-Noriega Coll. (12 males, eight females, MSHC, one male, one female, AFSC);
description: Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F. & Heath, Maxine S., 2014, The cicadas of Argentina with new records, a new genus and fifteen new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), pp. 1-94 in Zootaxa 3883 (1) on pages 56-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3883.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4951252