cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Scattering of topological solitons on holes and barriers
Creators: name: Piette, Bernard
name: Zakrzewski, W. J.
name: Brand, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the scattering properties of topological solitons on obstructions in the form of holes and barriers. We use the 'new baby Skyrme' model in (2+1) dimensions and we model the obstructions by making the coefficient of the baby skyrme model potential - position dependent. We find that that the barrier leads to the repulsion of the solitons (for low velocities) or their complete transmission (at higher velocities) with the process being essentially elastic. The hole case is different; for small velocities the solitons are trapped while at higher velocities they are transmitted with a loss of energy. We present some comments explaining the observed behaviour.
description: 11 pages, corrected value of the critical velocity, to appear in J. Phys. A: Mathematical and General
Analysis and interpretation of a fast limb CME with eruptive prominence, C-flare and EUV dimming
Creators: name: Koutchmy, Serge
name: Slemzin, Vladimir
name: Filippov, Boris
name: Noens, Jacques-Clair
name: Romeuf, David
name: Golub, Leon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coronal Mass ejections or CMEs are large dynamical solar-corona events. The mass balance and kinematics of a fast limb CME, including its prominence progenitor and the associated flare, will be compared with computed magnetic structures to look for their origin and effect. Multi-wavelength ground-based and space-borne observations are used to study a fast W-limb CME event of December 2, 2003, taking into account both on and off disk observations. Its erupting prominence is measured at high cadence with the Pic du Midi full H-alpha line-flux imaging coronagraph. EUV images from space instruments are processed including difference imaging. SOHO/LASCO images are used to study the mass excess and motions. A fast bright expanding coronal loop is identified in the region recorded slightly later by GOES as a C7.2 flare, followed by a brightening and an acceleration phase of the erupting material with both cool and hot components. The total coronal radiative flux dropped by 5 percent in the EUV channels, revealing a large dimming effect at and above the limb. The typical 3-part structure observed 1 hour later shows a core shaped similarly to the eruptive filament/prominence. The total measured mass of the escaping CME (1.5x10to16 g from C2 LASCO observations) definitely exceeds the estimated mass of the escaping cool prominence material although assumptions made to analyse the Ha erupting prominence, as well as the corresponding EUV darkening of the filament observed several days before, made this evaluation uncertain by a factor of 2. From the current free extrapolation we discuss the shape of the magnetic neutral surface and a possible scenario leading to an instability, including the small scale dynamics inside and around the filament.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
The Balloon-borne Investigation of Temperature and Speed of Electrons in the corona (BITSE): Mission Description and Preliminary Results
Creators: name: Gopalswamy, N.
name: Newmark, J.
name: Yashiro, S.
name: Mäkelä, P.
name: Reginald, N.
name: Thakur, N.
name: Gong, Q.
name: Kim, Y-H.
name: Cho, K-S.
name: Choi, S-H.
name: Baek, J-H.
name: Bong, S-C.
name: Yang, H-S.
name: Park, J-Y.
name: Kim, J-H.
name: Park, Y-D.
name: Lee, J. -O.
name: Kim, R. -S.
name: Lim, E. -K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the Balloonborne Investigation of Temperature and Speed of Electrons in the corona (BITSE) mission launched recently to observe the solar corona from about 3 Rs to 15 Rs at four wavelengths (393.5, 405.0, 398.7, and 423.4 nm). The BITSE instrument is an externally occulted single stage coronagraph developed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in collaboration with the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI). BITSE used a polarization camera that provided polarization and total brightness images of size 1024 x 1024 pixels. The Wallops Arc Second Pointing (WASP) system developed at NASA's Wallops Flight Facility (WFF) was used for Sun-pointing. The coronagraph and WASP were mounted on a gondola provided by WFF and launched from the Fort Sumner, New Mexico station of Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility (CSBF) on September 18, 2019. BITSE obtained 17,060 coronal images at a float altitude of about 128,000 feet (39 km) over a period of about 4 hrs. BITSE flight software was based on NASA's core Flight System, which was designed to help develop flight quality software. We used EVTM (Ethernet Via Telemetry) to download science data during operations; all images were stored onboard using flash storage. At the end of the mission, all data were recovered and analyzed. Preliminary analysis shows that BITSE imaged the solar minimum corona with the equatorial streamers on the east and west limbs. The narrow streamers observed by BITSE are in good agreement with the geometric properties obtained by SOHO coronagraphs in the overlapping physical domain. In spite of the small signal-to-noise ratio (about 14) we were able to obtain the temperature and flow speed of the western steamer region in the range 4 to 7 Rs as: For the equatorial streamer on the west limb, we obtained a temperature of 1.0 +/- 0.3 MK and a flow speed of about 260 km/s with a large uncertainty interval.
description: 40 pages, 25 figures, 4 tables, 3 electronic supplements, to appear in Solar Physics
Valence and magnetic ordering in intermediate valence compounds : TmSe versus SmB6
Creators: name: Derr, J.
name: Knebel, G.
name: Lapertot, G.
name: Salce, B.
name: Measson, M-A.
name: Flouquet, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intermediate valent systems TmSe and SmB6 have been investigated up to 16 and 18 GPa by ac microcalorimetry with a pressure (p) tuning realized in situ at low temperature. For TmSe, the transition from an antiferromagnetic insulator for p<3 GPa to an antiferromagnetic metal at higher pressure has been confirmed. A drastic change in the p variation of the Neel temperature (Tn) is observed at 3 GPa. In the metallic phase (p>3 GPa), Tn is found to increase linearly with p. A similar linear p increase of Tn is observed for the quasitrivalent compound TmS which is at ambiant pressure equivalent to TmSe at p=7 GPa. In the case of SmB6 long range magnetism has been detected above p=8 GPa, i.e. at a pressure slightly higher than the pressure of the insulator to metal transition. However a homogeneous magnetic phase occurs only above 10 GPa. The magnetic and electronic properties are related to the renormalization of the 4f wavefunction either to the divalent or the trivalent configurations. As observed in SmS, long range magnetism in SmB6 occurs already far below the pressure where a trivalent Sm3+ state will be reached. It seems possible, to describe roughly the physical properties of the intermediate valence equilibrium by assuming formulas for the Kondo lattice temperature depending on the valence configuration. Comparison is also made with the appearance of long range magnetism in cerium and ytterbium heavy fermion compounds.
description: 22 pages including figures
A Formal Measure of Machine Intelligence
Creators: name: Legg, Shane
name: Hutter, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A fundamental problem in artificial intelligence is that nobody really knows what intelligence is. The problem is especially acute when we need to consider artificial systems which are significantly different to humans. In this paper we approach this problem in the following way: We take a number of well known informal definitions of human intelligence that have been given by experts, and extract their essential features. These are then mathematically formalised to produce a general measure of intelligence for arbitrary machines. We believe that this measure formally captures the concept of machine intelligence in the broadest reasonable sense.
description: 8 two-column pages
Improved homogeneity of various glasses by gas film levitation
Creators: name: Janke, Achim
name: Frischat, Günther Heinz
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Heavy-metal fluoride glasses of the system ZrF₄-BaF₂-LaF₃-AlF₃-NaF and soda-lime-silica glasses both from industrial and laboratory crucible production were processed by the gas film levitation technique. In this process the glass melt is suspended contactlessly on a thin gas film, avoiding any reaction with the crucible material. This prevents chemical contamination, surface defects and heterogeneous nucleation, which is especially advantageous for the preparation of specialty glasses. The overall homogeneity of the glasses was strongly improved, too, which was characterized quantitatively by the Christiansen-Shelyubskii method.
Social psychological factors impacting healthcare engagement.
Creators: name: Nickson, Amy
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2021

description: Psychological reactance theory posits that when something threatens or eliminates people’s freedom of behaviour, they experience psychological reactance, a motivational state that drives autonomy restoration. Section one reports a quantitative systematic literature review examining the relationship between psychological reactance and healthcare engagement. Six databases were searched (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Academic Search Ultimate, SocINDEX, Embase) and fifteen studies met requirements for inclusion. Three studies investigated long-term physical health conditions, two investigated antibiotic adherence and ten studies investigated mental health conditions. Psychological reactance was significantly associated with: Adherence in nine studies; attendance in two studies; drop-out in two studies; and treatment satisfaction in one study. Nonsignificant associations between psychological reactance and engagement were reported in six studies. Further research is needed before strong conclusions can be drawn regarding the role of reactance within engagement. Nonetheless, the findings suggest that reactance is an important factor to consider. Section two reports an empirical study investigating the role of psychological factors in engagement with mental health services for people with experiences of psychosis. Factors investigated were: Perceptions of autonomy, control beliefs, psychological reactance and expressed emotion. Participants (N=113) completed an online survey comprising of self-report measures of these variables and engagement. Expressed emotion was not significantly associated with engagement. In a regression model, autonomy, psychological reactance and control beliefs significantly accounted for 46.2% of the variance in engagement; although at the final step, autonomy was the only significant predictor, accounting for 28.2% of the variance in engagement alone. This study demonstrated the utility of measuring perceptions of autonomy in relation to service engagement in psychosis. Findings highlight the importance of considering psychological variables in predicting therapeutic engagement. Section three includes a discussion of issues surrounding the conceptualisation and measurement of engagement, autonomy and psychological reactance constructs.
Cyclic gob weight and loading variations from stirred glass delivery systems
Creators: name: Spremulli, Paul F.
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 660

description: With stirred glass delivery Systems cyelic variations in gob weights and gob throws (the angles at which free falling gobs land in the molds) are caused by wobbly stirrers which are displaced (offset) from the delivery system's center line and rotating at speeds differing from the gobbing rate. This loss of Statistical process control disappears if the stirrer's rotational speed is synchronized with the gobbing rate. However, even in a perfect setup, if the stirrer is offset from its central location, a new steady weight and a constant hooking of the gobs away from the center and toward the smaller gap side result. Three equations are derived. One equation predicts the projected horizontal angle for the orientation of a gob as it lands in a mold. Another predicts the number of gobs before equal or almost equal weights repeat. Α third equation relates weight Variation to wobble and to the radial location of the rotating stirrer or needle. This equation shows the symmetry that may be expected in weight Variation curves. It is used to generate a normalized theoretical weight curve by setting the averaged percent differences between the maximum and minimum weights divided by the average weight to 1 %. This curve may also be used to disclose the number of gobs per cycle. Both loading and weight variations resulted when a non-centered, wobbling stirrer was modelled. The correlation between an experimental and a calculated weight Variation curve, due to the stirrer's rotation and normalized to 1%, was excellent. This investigation also showed that modelling could be extended to disclose changes in the weight (flow) of molten glass exiting from an orifice associated with a stirrer's rotation and alignment.
General Astrophysics and Comparative Planetology with the Terrestrial Planet Finder Missions
Creators: name: Kuchner, Marc J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) missions aim to perform spectroscopy on extrasolar Earths; TPF-C will operate in visible light, and TPF-I will operate in the mid-infrared. Extrasolar Earths are assumed to be roughly 26 magnitude in V band, roughly 0.3 microJy in the mid-IR, and located as close as roughly 30 milliarcseconds from a reasonable set of target stars, demanding high sensitivity, angular resolution and dynamic range to study. With capabilities matched to this task, the TPF missions could easily undertake a broad range of further scientific investigations. This document discusses the potential of TPF for general astrophysics and comparative planetology beyond its base mission, focusing on science obtainable with no or minimal modifications to the mission design, but also exploring possible modifications to TPF with high scientific merit and no impact on the basic search for extrasolar Earth analogs. It addresses both TPF-C and TPF-I, but emphasizes TPF-C, because its launch is planned for 2015, while TPF-I s nominal launch date is in 2019. This document does not attempt to describe all of the astrophysics TPF will be capable of, only to present some highlights of a meeting held at Princeton University, April 14 15, 2004, and some discussions that followed from that meeting.
description: 65 pages, including 20 figures, mostly color. Fifty-four contributors. Higher-resolution PDF avilable at http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/
Radiative feedback for supermassive star formation in a massive cloud with H2 molecules in an atomic-cooling halo
Creators: name: Sakurai, Yuya
name: Haiman, Zoltán
name: Inayoshi, Kohei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent three-dimensional cosmological simulations of protogalaxy formation have suggested that supermassive stars (SMSs) can form in gas clouds in which H$_2$ cooling is suppressed by dynamical heating prior to the activation of atomic cooling (Wise et al. 2019), but they stopped short of the following growth of a central protostar. Here we examine whether accretion on the protostellar core in this cloud is sufficiently rapid, in the face of the radiation feedback, to produce a SMS. We perform one-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamical simulations of the hot collapsing cloud with non-equilibrium chemical reactions directly adopting the cloud properties from Wise et al. (2019) as an initial condition. We find that the stellar Lyman-Werner (LW) radiation from the SMS dissociates H$_2$ in the inner regions of the gas flow, increasing gas temperature and thermal pressure, and temporarily stopping the accretion. However, this negative feedback ceases when the self-gravity and inward ram pressure force on larger scales push the gas inward. The central protostar is unable to expand an HII region due to the high density, and grows to a mass of $\gtrsim10^5\,{{\rm M}_\odot}$. Our results suggests the successful formation of SMSs, and resulting massive ($\sim10^5\,{{\rm M}_\odot}$) remnant black holes in the clouds, but need to be confirmed in two- or three-dimensional simulations.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Influence of nucleating agents on the crystallization of Mg-Ca-Si-Al-O-N oxynitride glasses
Creators: name: Deckwerth, Martin
name: Rüssel, Christian
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Oxynitride glasses in the system M g - C a - S i - A l - O - N were prepared with the aid of a polymeric preceramic aluminum nitride precursor as nitrogen source and transformed into glass-ceramics at temperatures in the ränge of 950 to 1350°C To support the devitrification process, TiO₂ , Cr₂O₃, MgF₂ and ZrO₂ were added to the batches as potentially nucleating agents. Under the reducing meldng conditions applied. TiO₂ led to undesired reactions in the glass melt and was rejected as nucleadng agent. Cr₂O₃ could only be dissolved in the glasses to a maximum content of 1 wt% and did not lead to obvious effects concerning nucleation and crystal growth. The addition of fluorine results in the formation of a fine-grained microstructure but by analogy to Cr₂O₃, did not lead to phase Separation. Adding ZrO₂, provoked phase Separation in the oxynitride glasses, which was even promoted by the presence of nitrogen. These glass-ceramics possessed an extremely fine-grained microstructure containing nonstabilized tetragonal ZrO₂, which results in an additional nitrogen content independent improvement of the mechanical properties. By comparison to Ti02, Cr203 and MgF2, zirconia has a twofold effect: it is not only an efficient nucleating agent in the case of oxynitride glasses but also an efficient toughening agent for the resulting glass-ceramics.
Geldbach, Erich, Freikirchen - Erbe, Gestalt und Wirkung
Creators: name: Krüger, Hanfried
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 39 Nr. 2 (1990): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 39, Heft 2
Cooling under applied stress rejuvenates amorphous alloys and enhances their ductility
Creators: name: Priezjev, Nikolai V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of tensile stress applied during cooling of binary glasses on the potential energy states and mechanical properties is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. We study the three-dimensional binary mixture that was first annealed near the glass transition temperature and then rapidly cooled under tension into the glass phase. It is found that at larger values of the applied stress, the liquid glass former freezes under higher strain and its potential energy is enhanced. For a fixed cooling rate, the maximum tensile stress that can be applied during cooling is reduced upon increasing initial temperature above the glass transition point. We also show that the amorphous structure of rejuvenated glasses is characterized by an increase in the number of contacts between smaller type atoms. Furthermore, the results of tensile tests demonstrate that the elastic modulus and the peak value of the stress overshoot are reduced in glasses prepared at larger applied stresses and higher initial temperatures, thus indicating enhanced ductility. These findings might be useful for the development of processing and fabrication methods to improve plasticity of bulk metallic glasses.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
Quality assurance of sintered refractories through nondestructive testing with microwaves
Creators: name: Dannheim, Henning
name: Hädrich, Helmut
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 660

description: For quality assurance of refractories for the glass industry an early nondestructive testing is required. Α possibility for nondestructive testing, especially in the green product, is given by the transidon of microwaves, as this requires no coupling medium like water. In this work, some basic physical characteristics were measured which determine microwave absorption through refractories and flaw detection. For different refractories the dielectric constant, specific attenuation coefficient as well as dependence of the attenuation on the frequency were determined. It is shown that a high dielectric constant improves the detection of flaws. In order to improve flaw detection and resolution, lenses and frequency modulation were used successfully. Best results for the refractories investigated were achieved with a lens with a focal length of 86 mm. Measurements were then extended to other types of refractories, i.e. chromalumina, zirconmuUite and zirconsilica, as well as to unfired bricks. Here, especially one isostatic-pressed zirconsilica brick has shown the lowest specific attenuation coefficient due to low porosity and high dielectric constant. Furthermore, a test device for complete C-scans of large refractory samples was developed and tested successfully. Α number of refractories without or with natural and artificial flaws, respectively, were checked. Nondestructive testing with microwaves has now been sufficiently developed to be transferred to industrial use.
Deconfinement of Spinons on Critical Points: Multi-Flavor CP$^1$ + U(1) Lattice Gauge Theory in Three Dimensions
Creators: name: Takashima, Shunsuke
name: Ichinose, Ikuo
name: Matsui, Tetsuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the 3D $N_{\rm f}$-flavor CP$^1$ model (a set of $N_{\rm f}$ CP$^1$ variables) coupled with a dynamical compact U(1) gauge field by means of Monte-Carlo simulations. This model is relevant to 2D $s=1/2$ quantum spin models, and has a phase transition line which separates an ordered phase of global spin symmetry from a disordered one. From gauge theoretical point of view, the ordered phase is a Higgs phase whereas the disordered phase is a confinement phase. We are interested in the gauge dynamics just on the critical line, in particular, whether a Coulomb-like deconfinement phase is realized there. This problem is quite important to clarify low-energy excitations in certain class of quantum spin models. If the gauge dynamics is in the deconfinement phase there, spinons, which transform in the fundamental representation of the SU($N_{\rm f}$) symmetry, appear as low-energy excitations. By Monte-Carlo simulations, we found that the "phase structure" on the {\em criticality} strongly depends on the value of $N_{\rm f}$. For small $N_{\rm f}$, the confinement phase is realized, whereas the deconfinement phase appears for sufficient large $N_{\rm f}\ge 14$. This result strongly suggests that compact QED$_3$ is in a deconfinement phase for sufficiently large number of flavors of massless fermions.
description: minor changes
Detection of Millihertz Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in the X-Ray Binary 1RXS J180408.9$-$342058
Creators: name: Tse, Kaho
name: Galloway, Duncan K.
name: Chou, Yi
name: Heger, Alexander
name: Hsieh, Hung-En
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Millihertz quasi-periodic oscillations (mHz QPOs) observed in neutron-star low-mass X-ray binaries (NS LMXBs) are generally explained as marginally stable thermonuclear burning on the neutron star surface. We report the discovery of mHz QPOs in an XMM-Newton observation of the transient 1RXS J180408.9$-$342058, during a regular bursting phase of its 2015 outburst. We found significant periodic signals in the March observation, with frequencies in the range $5-8\,\mathrm{mHz}$, superimposed on a strong $\sim1/f$ power-law noise continuum. Neither the QPO signals nor the power-law noise were present during the April observation, which exhibited a $2.5\times$ higher luminosity and had correspondingly more frequent bursts. When present, the QPO signal power decreases during bursts and disappears afterwards, similar to the behaviour in other sources. 1RXS J180408.9$-$342058 is the eighth source known to date that exhibits such QPOs driven by thermonuclear burning. We examine the range of properties of the QPO signals in different sources. Whereas the observed oscillation profile is similar to that predicted by numerical models, the amplitudes are significantly higher, challenging their explanation as originating from marginally stable burning.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, accepted by MNRAS
Bibliometric analysis of world scientific production in Chemical Engineering during 2000-2011. Part 1: Analysis of total scientific production
Creators: name: Miranda, Ruben
name: Garcia-Carpintero, Esther
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of Chemical Engineering area has been carried out through the analysis of the scientific production covered in Web of Science during the period 2000-2011. Three complementary studies have been carried out. Part 1 analyzes total scientific production in the area. An important displacement of the scientific production to the Far East has occurred, mainly by the increase in publications from China (the world most productive country since 2008) but also from countries such as India and Iran. Although the share of publications from Europe, and especially from North America, have been decreased significantly, United States is still the country with the highest number of articles among the 1,000 most cited (31.5%), followed by Germany (8.4%) and China (7.5%). Switzerland, Italy, Netherlands, Singapore and Spain outstands as the countries with the highest number of cites per article and year and average impact factors of their publications. The international collaboration in the area is considerably high, especially within European countries (>40% publications are in international collaboration). The scientific production of the area is concentrated in a few journals (top 10 journals publishing around 30% publications and top 25 journals, around 50%) and publishers (Elsevier, Wiley-Blackwell, Taylor & Francis and the American Chemical Society). The countries with the highest number of institutions among the top 100 most productive are China and United States (12 each), followed by France (9), Japan (7) and United Kingdom (7). The top five institutions were from France, China, India, United States and Russia.
description: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jauist/issue/59235/839409
Drug disposition in the maternal-fetal unit : studies with diphenhydramine and valproic acid in pregnant sheep
Creators: name: Kumar, Sanjeev
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Diphenhydramine (DPHM, a high clearance amine) and valproic acid (VPA, a low clearance carboxylic acid) disposition was examined in chronically-instrumented pregnant sheep during late gestation (after 120 d, term 145 d) in order to: i) identify the important pharmacokinetic factors determining fetal drug exposure, and ii) examine the in utero fetal drug metabolism capacity for these two compounds. Both drugs underwent rapid placental transfer after maternal dosing. Although the placental permeability for DPHM was higher, the steady-state fetal exposure relative to the mother was greater for VPA (70% vs. 20%). Significant fetal drug elimination capacity was detectable for both compounds, with DPHM having a much higher clearance. Moreover, there was significant (~44%) fetal hepatic first-pass uptake of the placentally transferred DPHM from the umbilical vein due to the unique geometrical position of the fetal liver. These factors were responsible for the observed lower fetal exposure to DPHM. Maternal and fetal placental and non-placental clearances of both drugs were highly dependent on their plasma protein binding. However, for DPHM, the importance of plasma protein binding in determining fetal drug exposure was overridden by the above more pronounced effect of the fetal liver. Metabolism to diphenylmethoxyacetic acid (DPMA), and DPHM-N-oxide renal excretion accounted for only 1-2% of the DPHM dose in maternal and fetal sheep, as opposed to 50-80% in the monkey, dog and human. Also, DPMA was not secondarily metabolized in sheep. Approximately 95% of the maternal VPA dose was eliminated via glucuronidation and renal excretion, with p-oxidation and cytochrome P-450 pathways accounting for the remainder. All these pathways appeared to be functional in the fetus; however, the low fetal VPA clearance could not be accurately measured. Studies conducted in 1 day old lambs revealed -18 fold lower weight-normalized VPA elimination capacity relative to the mother, and this led to a lower newborn VPA clearance and longer half-life, as observed in human newborns. The reduced newborn lamb VPA elimination was mainly attributable to underdeveloped glucuronidation and renal excretion ability; this, combined with a high p-oxidation capacity at birth, resulted in a larger fraction of the VPA dose (~20%) being metabolized via p-oxidation and cytochrome P-450 pathways in lambs.
Isobar rescattering model and light scalar mesons
Creators: name: Schechter, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a toy model to discuss the problem of parameterizing the possible contribution of a light scalar meson, sigma, to the final state interactions in the non leptonic decays of heavy mesons.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, talk at MRST2005
Additive manufacturing introduced substructure and computational determination of metamaterials parameters by means of the asymptotic homogenization
Creators: name: Abali, Bilen Emek
name: Barchiesi, Emilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Metamaterials exhibit materials response deviation from conventional elasticity. This phenomenon is captured by the generalized elasticity as a result of extending the theory at the expense of introducing additional parameters. These parameters are linked to internal length scales. Describing on a macroscopic level a material possessing a substructure at a microscopic length scale calls for introducing additional constitutive parameters. Therefore, in principle, an asymptotic homogenization is feasible to determine these parameters given an accurate knowledge on the substructure. Especially in additive manufacturing, known under the infill ratio, topology optimization introduces a substructure leading to higher order terms in mechanical response. Hence, weight reduction creates a metamaterial with an accurately known substructure. Herein, we develop a computational scheme using both scales for numerically identifying metamaterials parameters. As a specific example we apply it on a honeycomb substructure and discuss the infill ratio. Such a computational approach is applicable to a wide class substructures and makes use of open-source codes; we make it publicly available for a transparent scientific exchange.
Bibliometric analysis of the world scientific production in Chemical Engineering during 2000-2011. Part 2: Analysis of the 1,000 most cited publications
Creators: name: Miranda, Ruben
name: Garcia-Carpintero, Esther
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the scientific production of Chemical Engineering area has been carried out using the Web of Science database for the period 2000-2011 through three complementary studies. Part 2 demonstrated a displacement of the most cited publications to the Far East, especially due to China, however, this displacement is less important to that observed for total scientific production (Part 1). United States is still the country with the highest number of articles among the 1,000 most cited (31.5%), largely above what expected from their number of publications, followed by Germany (8.4%) and China (7.5%). The international collaboration, at least globally, seems not being an important issue for producing highly cited papers. In fact, only two from the top 25 most cited papers were international collaborations (8%). Furthermore, a large share of reviews among the 1,000 most cited papers (65%) has been observed. Although the number of institutions with more publications among the most cited in the area are from United States, the two institutions with the highest cited papers are CNRS (France) and CSIC (Spain). The most cited papers are highly concentrated in a few journals: around half of the most cited papers were published in five journals. Generally, the most cited papers are published in journals with high impact factors, however, there is also a significant number of highly cited papers published in journals with low or not having impact factor.
description: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jauist/issue/59235/839424
Bibliometric analysis of the world scientific production in Chemical Engineering during 2000-2011. Part 3: Analysis of research trends and hot topics
Creators: name: Miranda, Ruben
name: Garcia-Carpintero, Esther
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the scientific production of Chemical Engineering area has been carried out using the Web of Science database for the period 2000-2011 through three complementary studies. Part 3 has analyzed the distribution of words in article titles, keyword plus and author keywords of both total scientific production and the 1,000 most cited publications. The main areas of Chemical Engineering have been identified; they are mainly related to chemical reaction engineering such as catalysis, reactors, kinetics, and unit operations such as adsorption. Furthermore, a total of ten hotspots in the area have been identified: hydrogen as a new energy vector, wastewater treatments, carbon dioxide (capture and sequestration), photocatalysis, nanoparticles, biodiesel, nanotubes, ionic liquids, advanced oxidation processes, membranes, fuel cells and the use of biomass as raw material (e.g. bioethanol, energy production, etc.). Results obtained suggest thematic areas and research trends can be easier analyzed through the most cited publications, decreasing significantly the time necessary for these analyses. Words in article title, keyword plus and author keywords are complementary, however, author keywords are suggested as the source of most useful data. Compared to other strategies, the author keywords are more valuable for identifying research areas and trends, and the total number of words to be analyzed is lower. Whatever the case, authors recommend a revision of the results obtained by experts in the area to avoid inaccurate results and get the most meaningful information.
description: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jauist/issue/59235/839429
Water content of sulfate-fined industrial soda-lime glass and its influence on workability
Creators: name: Geotti-Bianchini, Franco
name: De Riu, Luca
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 660

description: The aims of the paper are: a) to systematically determine by IR spectroscopy the water content of sulfate-fmed industrial soda-lime glass (mainly Container and float, besides that household and technical glass) produced in Italy; b) to highlight the influence of redox State , melting conditions, batch and cullet addition on the water content; c) to check the consistency with time and between different feeders of the water content in the glass produced by a given furnace; d) to assess possible correlations between water content and workability in Container glass. The water content ranges between 300 and 400 ppm in conventionally fired glass, with electrical melting it decreases to 150 to 200 ppm, with oxycombustion it increases to 500 to 600 ppm. In the case of conventional flame melting the main factor influencing the water content is the redox State , due to a water/sulfate exchange. When a glass with a given color and redox State is produced in a given furnace, the daily oscillations of the OH level are moderate, with negligible effects on viscosity. In all the workability problems analyzed the contribution of water content oscillations was negligible as compared to other factors. According to the results obtained, significant water-related viscosity variations are expected to take place only when the meldng atmosphere or the redox conditions are significantly altered.
Energetics and Structural Properties of Trapped Two-Component Fermi Gases
Creators: name: von Stecher, J.
name: Greene, Chris H.
name: Blume, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using two different numerical methods, we study the behavior of two-component Fermi gases interacting through short-range s-wave interactions in a harmonic trap. A correlated Gaussian basis-set expansion technique is used to determine the energies and structural properties, i.e., the radial one-body densities and pair distribution functions, for small systems with either even or odd $N$, as functions of the s-wave scattering length and the mass ratio $κ$ of the two species. Particular emphasis is put on a discussion of the angular momentum of the system in the BEC-BCS crossover regime. At unitarity, the excitation spectrum of the four-particle system with total angular momentum L=0 is calculated as a function of the mass ratio $κ$. The results are analyzed from a hyperspherical perspective, which offers new insights into the problem. Additionally, fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo calculations are performed for equal-mass Fermi gases with up to N=30 atoms. We focus on the odd-even oscillations of the ground state energy of the equal-mass unitary system having up to N=30 particles, which are related to the excitation gap of the system. Furthermore, we present a detailed analysis of the structural properties of these systems.
description: 22 pages, 21 figures
Preparation and properties of R₂O - CaO - SiO₂ - Si₃N₄ oxynitride glasses and melts
Creators: name: Larson, Sandra Christiane
name: Frischat, Günther Heinz
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Oxynitride glasses, or rather melts, of the molar composition (74-3x) SiO₂, xSi₃N₄, 16 R₂O, 10 CaO with R₂O = Na₂O, K₂O show a significant increase in the glass transition temperature Tg, viscosity η and density ρ with increasing nitrogen content, whereas the thermal expansion coefficient α decreases. These data confirm the assumptions of the structural model in which trivalent nitrogen Substitutes for bivalent oxygen to produce a more tightly-linked glass network and most, if not all, of the nitrogen in the glass is linked to Silicon. ²⁹Si-MAS-NMR measurements on glasses of the System Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂-Si₃N₄ prove that the number of links between the [SiO₄]⁴¯ tetrahedra increase with increasing nitrogen content. Mixed alkali glasses, or rather melts, of the molar composition (74-3x) SiO₂, xSi₃N₄, 16(R₂O + K₂O), 10 CaO with R2O = Na₂O, Li₂O and different ratios of Na₂O:K₂O or Li₂O:K₂O show a deviation from the linearity in the glass transition temperature Tg, thermal expansion α, viscosity η and density ρ, which is shown in a minimum or maximum in the curves at a molar composition of about 10 R₂O:6 K₂O.
Composite bosons in bilayer nu = 1 system: An application of the Murthy-Shankar formalism
Creators: name: Stanic, Ivan
name: Milovanovic, Milica V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the dispersion of the out-of-phase mode characteristic for the bilayer nu = 1 quantum Hall system applying the version of Chern-Simons theory of Murthy and Shankar that cures the unwanted bare electron mass dependence in the low-energy description of quantum Hall systems. The obtained value for the mode when d, distance between the layers, is zero is in a good agreement with the existing pseudospin picture of the system. For d nonzero but small we find that the mode is linearly dispersing and its velocity to a good approximation depends linearly on d. This is in agreement with the Hartree-Fock calculations of the pseudospin picture that predicts a linear dependance on d, and contrary to the naive Hartree predictions with dependence on the square-root of d. We set up a formalism that enables one to consider fluctuations around the found stationary point values. In addition we address the case of imbalanced layers in the Murthy-Shankar formalism.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
Deep learning and hand-crafted features for virus image classification
Creators: name: Nanni, Loris
name: De Luca, Eugenio
name: Facin, Marco Ludovico
name: Maguolo, Gianluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we present an ensemble of descriptors for the classification of transmission electron microscopy images of viruses. We propose to combine handcrafted and deep learning approaches for virus image classification. The set of handcrafted is mainly based on Local Binary Pattern variants, for each descriptor a different Support Vector Machine is trained, then the set of classifiers is combined by sum rule. The deep learning approach is a densenet201 pretrained on ImageNet and then tuned in the virus dataset, the net is used as features extractor for feeding another Support Vector Machine, in particular the last average pooling layer is used as feature extractor. Finally, classifiers trained on handcrafted features and classifier trained on deep learning features are combined by sum rule. The proposed fusion strongly boosts the performance obtained by each stand-alone approach, obtaining state of the art performance.
Photochromic materials via sol-gel process
Creators: name: Fachet, Regina
name: Müller, Matthias
name: Bürger, Herbert
name: Kriltz, Antje
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Powders and thin films of photochromic glasses containing AgBr or AgCl microcrystals were synthesized via sol-gel process. Up to 10 wt%, of Ag⁺, bonded with suitable complexing agents, were introduced into the matrix system consisting of xSiO₂-(1 - x)Al₂O₃ (x = 0.7... 1). After drying and heat treatment the AgX microcrystals (X = Cl, Br) were characterized by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution TEM. The photochromic properties were measured using a diode array UV-VIS spectrometer.
Functional renormalization group study of the Kitaev-$Γ$ model on the honeycomb lattice and emergent incommensurate magnetic correlations
Creators: name: Buessen, Finn Lasse
name: Kim, Yong Baek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theoretical inception of the Kitaev honeycomb model has had defining influence on the experimental hunt for quantum spin liquids, bringing unprecedented focus onto the synthesis of materials with bond-directional interactions. Numerous Kitaev materials, which are believed to harbor ground states parametrically close to the Kitaev spin liquid, have been investigated since. Yet, in these materials the Kitaev interaction often comes hand in hand with off-diagonal $Γ$ interactions -- with the competition of the two potentially giving rise to a magnetically ordered ground state. In an attempt to aid future material investigations, we study the phase diagram of the spin-1/2 Kitaev-$Γ$ model on the honeycomb lattice. Employing a pseudofermion functional renormalization group approach which directly operates in the thermodynamic limit and captures the joint effect of thermal and quantum fluctuations, we unveil the existence of extended parameter regimes with emergent incommensurate magnetic correlations at finite temperature. We supplement our results with additional calculations on a finite cylinder geometry to investigate the impact of periodic boundary conditions on the incommensurate order, thereby providing a perspective on previous numerical studies on finite systems.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Hammann, Konrad, Ecclesia spiritualis Luthers Kirchenverständis in den Kontroversen mit Augustin von Alveldt und Ambrosius Catharinus
Creators: name: Vo
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 39 Nr. 2 (1990): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 39, Heft 2
Static QCD Potential at r < 1/Lambda_QCD: Perturbative expansion and operator-product expansion
Creators: name: Sumino, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the static QCD potential V_QCD(r) in the distance region 0.1 fm < r < 1 fm using perturbative QCD and OPE as basic theoretical tools. We assemble theoretical developments up to date and perform a solid and accurate analysis. The analysis consists of 3 major steps: (I) We study large-order behavior of the perturbative series of V_QCD(r) analytically. (II) In the frame of OPE, we define two types of renormalization schemes for the leading Wilson coefficient. (III) We compare numerically perturbative predictions of the Wilson coefficient and lattice computations of V_QCD(r). We perform fits to simultaneously determine non-perturbative contribution and the relation between lattice scale and Lambda_MSbar. (Short version)
description: 60 pages, 28 figures