cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Distances and Metallicities of High- and Intermediate-Velocity Clouds
Creators: name: Wakker, B. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A table is presented that summarizes published absorption line measurements for the high- and intermediate velocity clouds (HVCs and IVCs). New values are derived for N(HI) in the direction of observed probes, in order to arrive at reliable abundances and abundance limits (the HI data are described in Paper II). Distances to stellar probes are revisited and calculated consistently, in order to derive distance brackets or limits for many of the clouds, taking care to properly interpret non-detections. The main conclusions are the following. 1) Absolute abundances have been measured using lines of SII, NI and OI, with the following resulting values: ~0.1 solar for one HVC (complex C), ~0.3 solar for the Magellanic Stream, ~0.5 solar for a southern IVC, and ~ solar for two northern IVCs (the IV Arch and LLIV Arch). Finally, approximate values in the range 0.5-2 solar are found for three more IVCs. 2) Depletion patterns in IVCs are like those in warm disk or halo gas. 3) Most distance limits are based on strong UV lines of CII, SiII and MgII, a few on CaII. Distance limits for major HVCs are >5 kpc, while distance brackets for several IVCs are in the range 0.5-2 kpc. 4) Mass limits for major IVCs are 0.5-8x10^5 M_sun, but for major HVCs they are >10^6 M_sun. 5) The CaII/HI ratio varies by up to a factor 2-5 within a single cloud, somewhat more between clouds. 6) The NaIHI ratio varies by a factor >10 within a cloud, and even more between clouds. Thus, CaII can be useful for determining both lower and upper distance limits, but NaI only yields upper limits.
description: To appear in the "Astrophysical Journal Supplement"; 82 pages; figures 6, 9 and 10 are in color; degraded figures (astro-ph restriction) - ask for good versions
Additional file 2: of In vitro exposure of a 3D-tetraculture representative for the alveolar barrier at the air-liquid interface to silver particles and nanowires
Creators: name: FizeČAn, Ionel
name: SĂŠbastien Cambier
name: Moschini, Elisa
name: Chary, Aline
name: Nelissen, Inge
name: Ziebel, Johanna
name: Jean-Nicolas Audinot
name: Wirtz, Tom
name: Kruszewski, Marcin
name: Pop, Anca
name: BĂŠla Kiss
name: Serchi, Tommaso
name: Loghin, Felicia
name: Gutleb, Arno
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Table S1. Intra- and inter-exposure variability calculated based on the deposited quantities of Ag20, Ag200 and AgNWs during three independent exposures (Exp_1, Exp_2 and Exp_3), using the Vitrocellâ ˘Cloud System.Table S2. Complete media for mono-cultures and tetra-culture. Table S3. List of primer sequences used for qRT-PCR experiments on the apical and basolateral side of the alveolar model. (DOCX 23 kb)
The discreteness-driven relaxation of collisionless gravitating systems: entropy evolution and the Nyquist-Shannon theorem
Creators: name: Silva, Leandro Beraldo e
name: Pedra, Walter de Siqueira
name: Valluri, Monica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The time irreversibility and fast relaxation of collapsing $N$-body gravitating systems (as opposed to the time reversibility of the equations of motion for individual stars or particles) are traditionally attributed to information loss due to coarse-graining in the observation. We show that this subjective element is not necessary once one takes into consideration the fundamental fact that these systems are discrete, i.e. composed of a finite number $N$ of stars or particles. We show that a connection can be made between entropy estimates for discrete systems and the Nyquist-Shannon sampling criterion. Specifically, given a sample with $N$ points in a space of $d$ dimensions, the Nyquist-Shannon criterion constrains the size of the smallest structures defined by a function in the continuum that can be uniquely associated with the discrete sample. When applied to an $N$-body system, this theorem sets a lower limit to the size of phase-space structures (in the continuum) that can be resolved in the discrete data. As a consequence, the finite $N$ system tends to a uniform distribution after a relaxation time that typically scales as $N^{1/d}$. This provides an explanation for the fast achievement of a stationary state in collapsing $N$-body gravitating systems such as galaxies and star clusters, without the need to advocate for the subjective effect of coarse-graining.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Random Polyelectrolytes and Polyampholytes in Solution
Creators: name: Borukhov, I.
name: Andelman, D.
name: Orland, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The behavior of polyelectrolytes and polyampholytes in semi-dilute solutions is investigated theoretically. Various statistical charge distributions along the polyelectrolyte chains are considered: smeared, annealed, permuted and quenched. Annealed polyampholytes are also considered. Path integral formulation was used to derive mean field free energies for the different models. Self-consistent field equation is obtained for the polymer order parameter and a Poisson-Boltzmann like equation for the electrostatic potential. The random phase approximation is used to calculate the monomer-monomer structure factor S(q) for the different statistical charge distribution models. We show that in the annealed model, fluctuations of the the monomer charges contribute to the electrostatic screening in addition to the free ions in the solution. The strength of this screening depends on the variance of the monomer charge distribution and is especially important for polyampholytes in bad solvent conditions where the mesophase separation is enhanced. The ratio between the variance and the net average charge determines whether polyampholytes behave as polyelectrolytes or as neutral chains.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Eur. Phys. J. B
A study of cofiniteness through minimal associated primes
Creators: name: Kamal
name: Bahmanpour
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13D45, 14B15, 13E05

description: In this paper we shall investigate the concepts of cofiniteness of local cohomology modules and Abelian categories of cofinite modules over arbitrary Noetherian rings. Then we shall improve some of the results given in the literature.
description: 24 pages
Amplification and Disorder Effects on the Coherent Backscattering in a Kronig-Penney Chain of Active Potentials
Creators: name: Zekri, N.
name: Bahlouli, H.
name: Sen, Asok K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report in this paper the analytical and numerical results on the effect of amplification on the transmission and reflection coefficient of a periodic one-dimensional Kronig-Penney lattice. A qualitative agreement is found with the tight-binding model where the transmission and reflection increase for small lengths before strongly oscillating with a maximum at a certain length. For larger lengths the transmission decays exponentially with the same rate as in the growing region while the reflection saturates at a high value. However, the maximum transmission (and reflection) moves to larger lengths and diverges in the limit of vanishing amplification instead of going to unity. In very large samples, it is anticipated that the presence of disorder and the associated length scale will limit this uninhibited growth in amplification. Also, there are other interesting competitive effects between disorder and localization giving rise to some nonmonotonic behavior in the peak of transmission.
description: 13 LaTeX pages plus 6 EPS figures
Unique Helical Magnetic Order and Field-Induced Phase in Trillium Lattice Antiferromagnet EuPtSi
Creators: name: Kaneko, Koji
name: Frontzek, Matthias D.
name: Matsuda, Masaaki
name: Nakao, Akiko
name: Munakata, Koji
name: Ohhara, Takashi
name: Kakihana, Masashi
name: Haga, Yoshinori
name: Hedo, Masato
name: Nakama, Takao
name: Ōnuki, Yoshichika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic transition phenomena in cubic chiral antiferromagnet EuPtSi with $T_{\rm N}$=4.0~K were investigated by means of single crystal neutron diffraction. At 0.3~K in the ground state, magnetic peaks emerge at positions represented by an ordering vector ${q}_{1}$=$(0.2, 0.3, 0)$ and its cyclic permutation. Upon heating, an additional magnetic peak splitting with hysteresis was uncovered at around $T^*_{\rm N}{\sim}$2.5~K, indicating the presence of a first-order commensurate-incommensurate transition with ${q}^*_{1}$=$(0.2, 0.3, δ)$ ($δ_{\rm max}{\simeq}$0.04) at $T^*_{\rm N}$. A half-polarized neutron scattering experiment for polarization parallel to the scattering vector revealed that polarization antiparallel to the scattering vector has stronger intensity in both magnetic phases. This feature clarifies the single chiral character of the helical structure with moments lying perpendicular to the ordering vector in both ordered states. Under a vertical magnetic field of 1.2~T for ${B}{\parallel}$[1,1,1] at 1.9~K entering into the so-called $A$ phase, magnetic peaks form characteristic hexagonal patterns in the equatorial scattering plane around nuclear peaks. An ordering vector ${q}_{A}{\simeq}({\pm}0.09, {\pm}0.20, {\mp}0.28)$ of the $A$-phase has similar periodic length as $q_{1}$, and could be the hallmark of a formation of skyrmion lattice in EuPtSi.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
On the magnetic phase diagram of a sigma-phase Fe47Re53 compound in the H-T plane
Creators: name: Dubiel, S. M.
name: Tsindlekht, M. I.
name: Felner, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sigma-phase Fe47Re53 compound was investigated by means of in-field DC and AC magnetization measurements. Field cooled, MFC, and zero-field cooled, MZFC, DC magnetization curves were recorded in the magnetic field, H, up to 1000 Oe. AC magnetization measurements were performed at the constant frequency of 1465 Hz in the field up to H=500 Oe. Both types of measurements gave evidence in favor of a re-entrant character of magnetism in the studied sample. Based on characteristic temperatures determined from the measurements magnetic phase diagrams have been outlined in the H-T plane. The diagrams are similar but not identical. The main difference is that in the diagram constructed based on the DC data there is an intermediate antiferromagnetic-like phase which is absent in the AC diagram. Furthermore, the border lines (irreversibility, cross-over and Curie temperature) follow the power law but with correspondingly different exponents. The studied sample was also characterized by determining the effect of H on the degree of irreversibility and that of frustration.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures and 16 references
Discovery of the Acoustic Faraday Effect in Superfluid 3He-B
Creators: name: Lee, Y.
name: Haard, T. M.
name: Halperin, W. P.
name: Sauls, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of the acoustic Faraday effect in superfluid 3He-B. The observation of this effect provides the first direct evidence for propagating transverse acoustic waves in liquid 3He, a mode first predicted by Landau in 1957. The Faraday rotation is large and observable because of spontaneously broken spin-orbit symmetry in 3He-B. We compare the experimental observations with a simulation of the transverse acoustic impedance that includes the field-induced circular birefringence of transverse waves.
description: 4 pages in RevTex plus 3 postscript figures; new version includes: minor corrections to the text and an updated of list of references
Analyse des therapeutischen Potentials von Resolvin D1 im murinen Modell der cholestatischen Leberfibrose
Creators: name: Hartmann, Alexander
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Leberfibrose ist eine Vorstufe chronischer Lebererkrankungen. Bei weltweit steigender Inzidenz ist die einzige kurative Therapie die Lebertransplantation. Die Entdeckung neuer Therapien ist somit essentiell. Resolvine sind Omega-3-Fettsäure-Metabolite, die in zahlreichen Studien anti-inflammatorische Eigenschaften bei verschiedenen Erkrankungen zeigten. In dieser Studie wurde im murinen Modell der Gallengangsligatur-(BDL)-induzierten cholestatischen Leberfibrose die Wirkung von Resolvin D1 hinsichtlich Leberschaden, Inflammation, Fibrose und Proliferation untersucht.
Variable speed limit and ramp metering control of highway networks using Lax-Hopf Method : a Mixed Integer Linear Programming Approach
Creators: name: Vishnoi, Suyash Chandra
name: 0000-0002-6592-818X
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Lax-Hopf Method
Variable speed limits
Network control
Mixed Integer Linear Programming

description: This work presents a novel optimization formulation to solve the problem of variable speed limit control on road networks modeled by the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) partial differential equation. It also presents some mathematical rules that allow for a reduction in the size and computational time of the optimization problem. Using the analytical solutions to the LWR model, an optimization problem is formulated for the variable speed limit and ramp metering control of traffic on highway networks using the Lax-Hopf algorithm. The resulting problem, which is non-linear in the decision variables, is transformed into a Mixed Integer Linear Program. Examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the approach, including its application to a real-world highway network with multiple ramp connections. The possibility of linear relaxation of integer variables in the problem is also considered. Lastly, the method is compared to a classical Link Transmission Model formulation of the variable speed limit control problem.
HI spectra and column densities toward HVC and IVC probes
Creators: name: Wakker, B. P.
name: Kalberla, P. M. W.
name: van Woerden, H.
name: de Boer, K. S.
name: Putman, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show 21-cm line profiles in the direction of stars and extragalactic objects, lying projected on high- and intermediate-velocity clouds (HVCs and IVCs). About half of these are from new data obtained with the Effelsberg 100-m telescope, about a quarter are extracted from the Leiden-Dwingeloo Survey (LDS) and the remaining quarter were observed with other single-dish telescopes. HI column densities were determined for each HVC/IVC. Wakker (2001) (Paper I) uses these in combination with optical and ultraviolet high-resolution measurements to derive abundances. Here, an analysis is given of the difference and ratio of N(HI) as observed with a 9 arcmin versus a 35 arcmin beam. For HVCs and IVCs the ratio N(HI-9 arcmin)/N(HI-35 arcmin) lies in the range 0.2-2.5. For low-velocity gas this ratio ranges from 0.75 to 1.3 (the observed ratio is 0.85-1.4, but it appears that the correction for stray radiation is slightly off). The smaller range for the low-velocity gas may be caused by confusion in the line of sight, so that a low ratio in one component can be compensated by a high ratio in another -- for 11 low-velocity clouds fit by one component the distribution of ratios has a larger dispersion. Comparison with higher angular resolution data is possible for sixteen sightlines. Eight sightlines with HI data at 1 arcmin-2 arcmin resolution show a range of 0.75-1.25 for N(HI-2 arcmin)/N(HI-9 arcmin), while in eight other sightlines N(HI-Ly-alpha)/N(HI-9 arcmin) ranges from 0.74 to 0.98.
description: To appear in the "Astrophysical Journal Supplement"; 45 pages; degraded figures (astro-ph restriction) - ask for good versions
An invariance property of diffusive random walks
Creators: name: Blanco, Stephane
name: Richard, Fournier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from a simple animal-biology example, a general, somewhat counter-intuitive property of diffusion random walks is presented. It is shown that for any (non-homogeneous) purely diffusing system, under any isotropic uniform incidence, the average length of trajectories through the system (the average length of the random walk trajecto-ries from entry point to first exit point) is independent of the characteristics of the diffusion process and therefore depends only on the geometry of the system. This exact invariance property may be seen as a generalization to diffusion of the well known mean-chord-length property [1], leading to broad physics and biology applications. Let us first consider a practical animal-biology example that was at the origin of the theoretical work reported hereafter. It is well established, for diverse species, that the spontaneous displacement of insects such as ants, on an horizontal planar surface, may be accurately mod-eled as a constant-speed diffusion random-walk [2-4]. We assume that a circle of radius R is drawn on the surface and we measure the average time that ants spend inside the circle when they enter it (see Fig. 1). The last assumption is that measurements are performed a long time after ants were dropped on the surface, so that the memory of their initial position is lost : this is enough to ensure that no specific direction is favored and therefore that when ants encounter the circle, their incident directions are distributed isotropically. Simple Monte Carlo simulations of such experiments (see Fig. 2) indicate without any doubt that the average encounter time (time between entry into the circle and first exit), for a fixed velocity, depends only of the circle radius. It is independent of the characteristics of the diffusion walk : the mean free path $λ$ (average distance between two scattering events, i.e. between two direction-changes), and the single-scattering phase function p(u s , u i) (probability density function of the scattering direction u s for an incident direction u i). Furthermore, this average time scales as R/v, which means that the average trajectory-length < L > scales as R. The average trajectory-length would therefore be the same for different experiments with any insect species-or for any type of diffusive corpuscular motion. There are two reasons why this observation may initially sound counter-intuitive. The first reason is that the average length of diffusion trajectories between two points is known to scale approximately as d 2 /$λ$ where d is the distance between the two points (1). For shorter mean (1)This scaling would be exact for an infinite domain in the limit d >> $λ$ [5] c EDP Sciences
title: Resistance of poly(lactic acid)/starch composites to weathering effects
Creators: name: Goetjes, Victoria
name: Zarges, Jan-Christoph
name: Heim, Hans-Peter
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: aging
subject: biopolymers
subject: durability
subject: hydrlysis
subject: PLA
subject: starch
subject: 620
subject: Permeabilität
subject: Biopolymere
subject: Hydrolyse
subject: Stärke

description: Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEAL
Dynamics of spin-orbit-coupled cold atomic gases in a Floquet lattice with an impurity
Creators: name: Luo, Xiaobing
name: Yang, Baiyuan
name: Cui, Jin
name: Guo, Yu
name: Li, Lei
name: Hu, Qianglin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we have studied the quantum tunneling of a single spin-orbit-coupled atom held in a periodically modulated optical lattice with an impurity. At the pseudocollapse points of quasienergy bands, where the dynamical localization takes place globally, two types of local second-order tunneling processes appear beyond expectation between the two nearest-neighbor sites of the impurity with the spin unchanged and with impurity site population negligible all the time, when the impurity potential is far off-resonant with the driving field. Though tunneling behaviors of the two types seem to be the same, they are believed to involve two distinct mechanisms: one is related to spin-independent process, while the other is to spin-dependent tunneling process. The two types of second-order processes can be identified by means of resonant tunneling with or without spin-flipping by tuning the impurity potential to be in resonance with the driving field. In the Floquet picture, the second-order processes are manifested as subtle and fine avoided crossings of quasienergy spectrums near the pseudocollapse region. These results are confirmed analytically on the basis of effective three-site model and multiple-time-scale asymptotic perturbative method, and may be exploited for engineering the spin-dependent quantum transport in realistic experiments.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
An Analytical Study of Coupled Two-State Stochastic Resonators
Creators: name: Siewert, Udo
name: Schimansky-Geier, Lutz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two-state model of stochastic resonance is extended to a chain of coupled two-state elements governed by the dynamics of Glauber's stochastic Ising model. Appropriate assumptions on the model parameters turn the chain into a prototype system of coupled stochastic resonators. In a weak-signal limit analytical expressions are derived for the spectral power amplification and the signal-to-noise ratio of a two-state element embedded into the chain. The effect of the coupling between the elements on both quantities is analysed and array-enhanced stochastic resonance is established for pure as well as noisy periodic signals. The coupling-induced improvement of the SNR compared to an uncoupled element is shown to be limited by a factor four which is only reached for vanishing input noise.
description: 29 pages, 5 figures
Arbitrarily routed mode-division multiplexed photonic circuits for dense integration
Creators: name: Liu, Yingjie
name: Xu, Ke
name: Wang, Shuai
name: Shen, Weihong
name: Xie, Hucheng
name: Wang, Yujie
name: Xiao, Shumin
name: Yao, Yong
name: Du, Jiangbing
name: He, Zuyuan
name: Song, Qinghai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) is becoming an enabling technique for large-capacity data communications via encoding the information on orthogonal guiding modes. However, the on-chip routing of a multimode waveguide occupies too large chip area due to the constraints on inter-mode cross talk and mode leakage. Very recently, many efforts have been made to shrink the footprint of individual element like bending and crossing, but the devices still occupy >10x10 um2 footprint for three-mode multiplexed signals and the high-speed signal transmission has not been demonstrated yet. In this work, we demonstrate the first MDM circuits based on digitized meta-structures which have extremely compact footprints. The radius for a three-mode bending is only 3.9 μm and the footprint of a crossing is only 8x8um2. The 3x100 Gbit/s mode-multiplexed signals are arbitrarily routed through the circuits consists of many sharp bends and compact crossing with a bit error rate under forward error correction limit. This work is a significant step towards the large-scale and dense integration of MDM photonic integrated circuits.
Cofiniteness over Noetherian complete local rings
Creators: name: Kamal
name: Bahmanpour
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13D45, 14B15, 13E05

description: In this paper we prove the following generalization of a result of Hartshorne: Let $(S,\n)$ be a regular local ring of dimension $4$. Assume that $x,y,u,v$ is a regular system of parameters for $S$ and $a:=xu+yv$. Then for each finitely generated $S$-module $N$ with $\Supp N=V(aS)$ the socle of $H^2_{(u,v)S}(N)$ is infinite dimensional. Also, using this result, for any commutative Noetherian complete local ring $(R,\m)$, we characterize the class of all ideals $I$ of $R$ with the property that, for every finitely generated $R$-module $M$, the local cohomology modules $H^i_I(M)$ are $I$-cofinite for all $i\geq 0$.
description: 14 pages
Effect of microstructural heterogeneity on fatigue strength predicted by reinforcement machine learning
Creators: name: Awd, Mustafa
name: Münstermann, Sebastian
name: Walther, Frank
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Additive manufacturing
subject: Machine learning
subject: Markov chain
subject: Monte Carlo simulation
subject: Reinforcement learning
subject: Very high cycle fatigue
subject: 660
subject: Rapid Prototyping
subject: Maschinelles Lernen
subject: Markov-Kette
subject: Monte-Carlo-Simulation
subject: Bestärkendes Lernen
subject: Ermüdung bei sehr hohen Lastspielzahlen

description: The posterior statistical distributions of fatigue strength are determined using Bayesian inferential statistics and the Metropolis Monte Carlo method. This study explores how structural heterogeneity affects ultrahigh cycle fatigue strength in additive manufacturing. Monte Carlo methods and procedures may assist estimate fatigue strength posteriors and scatter. The acceptable probability in Metropolis Monte Carlo relies on the Markov chain's random microstructure state. In addition to commonly studied variables, the proportion of chemical composition was demonstrated to substantially impact fatigue strength if fatigue lifetime in crack propagation did not prevail due to high threshold internal notches. The study utilizes an algorithm typically used for quantum mechanics to solve the complicated multifactorial fatigue problem. The inputs and outputs are modified by fitting the microstructural heterogeneities into the Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm. The main advantage here is applying a general-purpose nonphenomenological model that can be applied to multiple influencing factors without high numerical penalty.
description: Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures;45(11)
Web of the giant: a large scale structure around a supermassive black hole at cosmic dawn
Creators: name: Gilli, Roberto
name: Mignoli, Marco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: I will report on the discovery of a galaxy overdensity around the luminous quasar SDSS J1030+0524 at z=6.31. The structure is populated by at least six members, identified through dedicated spectroscopic campaigns at the Keck, VLT and LBT, with redshifts in the range 6.219-6.355. Assuming negligible peculiar velocities, this range corresponds to radial separations of ~5 physical Mpc from the QSO, that are comparable to the observed projected separations. The result is significant at more than 3.5sigma, and the overdensity level is at least 1.5-2 within the large volume probed (∼780 physical Mpc3). This is the first spectroscopic confirmation of a galaxy overdensity around a supermassive black hole in the first billion years of the Universe. Our finding lends support to the idea that the most distant and massive black holes form and grow within massive (> 1e12 Msun) dark matter halos in large scale structures, and that the absence of earlier detections of such systems was likely due to observational limitations. Prospects for future observations are discussed.
Carnet nº 2, commencé à Vienne (p. 42)
Creators: name: Péraire, Lucien
name: CNRS
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: created: 20-9-1928
X-ray Halos and Large Grains in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium
Creators: name: Witt, Adolf N.
name: Smith, Randall K.
name: Dwek, Eli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations with dust detectors on board the interplanetary spacecraft Ulysses and Galileo have recorded a substantial flux of large interstellar grains with radii between 0.25 and 2.0 mu entering the solar system from the local interstellar cloud. The most commonly used interstellar grain size distribution is characterized by a a^-3.5 power law in grain radii a, and extends to a maximum grain radius of 0.25 mu. The extension of the interstellar grain size distribution to such large radii will have a major effect on the median grain size, and on the amount of mass needed to be tied up in dust for a given visual optical depth. It is therefore important to investigate whether this population of larger dust particles prevails in the general interstellar medium, or if it is merely a local phenomenon. The presence of large interstellar grains can be mainly inferred from their effect on the intensity and radial profiles of scattering halos around X-ray sources. In this paper we examine the grain size distribution that gives rise to the X-ray halo around Nova Cygni 1992. The results of our study confirm the need to extend the interstellar grain size distribution in the direction of this source to and possibly beyond 2.0 mu. The model that gives the best fit to the halo data is characterized by: (1) a grain size distribution that follows an a^-3.5 power law up to 0.50 mu, followed by an a^-4.0 extension from 0.50 mu to 2.0 mu; and (2) silicate and graphite (carbon) dust-to-gas mass ratios of 0.0044 and 0.0022, respectively, consistent with solar abundances constraints. Additional observations of X-ray halos probing other spatial directions are badly needed to test the general validity of this result.
description: 17 pages, incl. 1 figure, accepted for publ. by ApJ Letters
Constructing L∞ Voronoi diagrams in 2D and 3D
Creators: name: Bukenberger, D. R.
name: Buchin, K.
name: Botsch, M.
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computing methodologies → Mesh geometry models
subject: Mesh models
subject: Volumetric models
subject: 004

description: Voronoi diagrams and their computation are well known in the Euclidean L2 space. They are easy to sample and render in generalized Lp spaces but nontrivial to construct geometrically. Especially the limit of this norm with p → ∞ lends itself to many quad- and hex-meshing related applications as the level-set in this space is a hypercube. Many application scenarios circumvent the actual computation of L∞ diagrams altogether as known concepts for these diagrams are limited to 2D, uniformly weighted and axis-aligned sites. Our novel algorithm allows for the construction of generalized L∞ Voronoi diagrams. Although parts of the developed concept theoretically extend to higher dimensions it is herein presented and evaluated for the 2D and 3D case. It further supports individually oriented sites and allows for generating weighted diagrams with anisotropic weight vectors for individual sites. The algorithm is designed around individual sites, and initializes their cells with a simple meshed representation of a site's level-set. Hyperplanes between adjacent cells cut the initialization geometry into convex polyhedra. Non-cell geometry is filtered out based on the L∞ Voronoi criterion, leaving only the non-convex cell geometry. Eventually we conclude with discussions on the algorithms complexity, numerical precision and analyze the applicability of our generalized L∞ diagrams for the construction of Centroidal Voronoi Tessellations (CVT) using Lloyd's algorithm.
description: Computer graphics forum;41(5)
Error estimation in the histogram Monte Carlo method
Creators: name: Newman, M. E. J.
name: Palmer, R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the sources of error in the histogram reweighting method for Monte Carlo data analysis. We demonstrate that, in addition to the standard statistical error which has been studied elsewhere, there are two other sources of error, one arising through correlations in the reweighted samples, and one arising from the finite range of energies sampled by a simulation of finite length. We demonstrate that while the former correction is usually negligible by comparison with statistical fluctuations, the latter may not be, and give criteria for judging the range of validity of histogram extrapolations based on the size of this latter correction.
description: 7 pages including 3 postscript figures, typeset in LaTeX using the RevTeX macro package
Transition metal-free cycloisomerization of propargylic amides to oxazoles in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)
Creators: name: Jankowski, Nicholas
name: Dietrich, Julian
name: Krause, Norbert
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Brønsted acid catalysis
subject: Cycloisomerization
subject: Design of Experiments
subject: Solvent effects
subject: Transition metal-free synthesis
subject: 540

description: A transition metal-free method for the cycloisomerization of propargylic amides to oxazoles was developed. The reaction utilizes in situ generated hydrogen chloride in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP). With the aid of Design of Experiments optimization a wide range of substrates was transformed into the desired oxazoles. The method allows product formation without side reactions eliminating the need for extensive work-up and purification.
description: Advanced synthesis & catalysis;364(19)
Additional file 8: of Genome-wide association study for kernel composition and flour pasting behavior in wholemeal maize flour
Creators: name: Alves, Mara
name: Carbas, Bruna
name: Gaspar, Daniel
name: Paulo, Manuel
name: Clรกudia Brites
name: Mendes-Moreira, Pedro
name: Brites, Carla
name: Malosetti, Marcos
name: Eeuwijk, Fred
name: Patto, Maria Vaz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Plant Biology

description: Table S8. Maize inbred lines with available quality data, known pedigree, kernel color, and endosperm type. In Additional file 8: Table S8 one can find the list of 132 inbred lines that yielded sufficient kernels to proceed for quality analysis. The underlined inbred lines correspond to the lines derived entirely from Portuguese traditional maize populations, according to the Portuguese Plant Germplasm Bank records. (DOCX 34 kb)
Advanced Surface Chemistry Analysis of Carbon Nanotube Fibers by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Alemán, Belén
name: Vila, María
name: Vilatela, Juan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Carbon nanotube fibers are materials with an exceptional combination of properties, including higher toughness than carbon fibers, electrical conductivity above metals, large specific surface area (250 $\frac{m^2}{g}$) and high electrochemical stability. As such, they are a key component in various multifunctional structures combining augmented mechanical properties with efficient interfacial energy storage/transfer processes. This work presents a thorough XPS study of CNT fibers subjected to different purification and chemical treatments, including spatially-resolved micro XPS synchrotron measurements. The dominant feature is an inherently high degree of $sp^2$ conjugation, leading to a strong plasmonic band and a semi-metallic valence band lineshape. This high degree of CNT perfection in terms of longitudinal graphitization helps to explain reported bulk properties including the high electrical and thermal conductivity, and accessible quantum capacitance. There is also presence of organic impurities, mostly heavy carbonaceous molecules formed as by-products during fiber synthesis and which are adsorbed on the CNTs. Sulfur, a promoter used in the CNT growth reaction, is found both in these surface impurities and associated with the Fe catalyst. The observation of strongly-adsorbed surface impurities is consistent with the high ductility of CNT fibers, attributed to interfacial lubricity.
description: 24 pages, 8 figures
Characterization of FBK small-pitch 3D diodes after neutron irradiation up to 3.5x10**16 neq cm**-2
Creators: name: Mendicino, Roberto
name: Boscardin, Maurizio
name: Betta, Gian-Franco Dalla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the characterization by a position resolved laser system of small-pitch 3D diodes irradiated with neutrons up to an extremely high fluence of 3.5x10**16 neq cm**-2. We show that very high values of signal efficiency are obtained, in good agreement with the geometrical expectation based on the small values of the inter-electrode spacings, and also boosted by charge multiplication effects at high voltage. These results confirm the very high radiation tolerance of small-pitch 3D sensors well beyond the maximum fluences expected at the High Luminosity LHC.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Proceedings of IWORID 2018 on JINST
Actualising social sustainability through adaptive reuse innovations within the context of sustainable development
Creators: name: Owojori, Oluwatobi Mary
name: Okoro, Chioma
name: Chileshe, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Sustainable Development (SD) is characterised of social, economic, and environmental components; however, the social component of SD has received little attention from academics, but recently, this has changed as the notion that growth is incomplete without equity gained more traction. One way to achieve the UN Goal 16 of ‘Promoting peaceful, just, and inclusive societies’ is through the concept of adaptive reuse innovation. Therefore, this paper aims to identify how the adaptive reuse concept has promoted the social sustainability concept through a systematic literature review (SLR). The SLR is necessary to summarise available evidence on the social sustainability potential of the adaptive reuse (AR). It further serves to create awareness of the reuse of building as an inclusive innovation critical for sustainable development. Using SLR, 56 relevant studies were extracted from the web of science and Scopus databases. A content analysis of five identified themes from the studies showed that adaptive reuse contributed to social sustainability through provision of social infrastructure, social cohesion, enhancing social health/well-being. There is need to advance research in areas of human adaptability, social awareness, and education on adaptive reuse.
Quantum Engineering of Majorana Fermions
Creators: name: Mascot, Eric
name: Cocklin, Sagen
name: Rachel, Stephan
name: Morr, Dirk K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral superconductors have the ability to host topologically protected Majorana zero modes which have been proposed as future qubits for topological quantum computing. The recently introduced magnet--superconductor hybrid (MSH) systems consisting of magnetic adatoms deposited on the surface of conventional $s$-wave superconductors represent a promising candidate for the creation, detection, and manipulation of Majorana modes via scanning tunneling microscopy techniques. Here, we present four examples demonstrating the ability to engineer Majorana fermions in nanoscopic MSH systems by using atomic manipulation techniques to change the system's shape or magnetic structure. This allows for the dimensional tuning of Majorana modes between one and two dimensions, the identification of the system's topological invariant -- the Chern number -- in real space, the creation of chiral Majorana modes of arbitrary length and shape along magnetic domain boundaries, and the creation of a topological switch using magnetic skyrmions. These examples of Majorana fermion engineering can be realised with current experimental techniques and will promise new avenues for the first prototypes of Majorana-based quantum devices.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 9: of Genome-wide association study for kernel composition and flour pasting behavior in wholemeal maize flour
Creators: name: Alves, Mara
name: Carbas, Bruna
name: Gaspar, Daniel
name: Paulo, Manuel
name: Clรกudia Brites
name: Mendes-Moreira, Pedro
name: Brites, Carla
name: Malosetti, Marcos
name: Eeuwijk, Fred
name: Patto, Maria Vaz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Table S9. Number of maize inbred lines grouped accordingly to their kernel color and endosperm type. In Additional file 9: Table S9 one can find the summary of the number of inbred lines with the different kernel colors and endosperm types. (DOCX 21 kb)
The Role of Density of States Fluctuations in the Normal State Properties of High Tc Superconductors
Creators: name: Varlamov, A. A.
name: Balestrino, G.
name: Milani, E.
name: Livanov, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HTS show many puzzling anomalies in their normal state properties. Among them are: - the presence of a peak in the c-axis resistance and its growth in external magnetic field - the anomalous negative magnetoresistance observed above Tc - the deviation from the Korringa law in the temperature dependence of the NMR relaxation rate - the opening of a large pseudo-gap in the c-axis optical conductivity well above Tc - the gap-like tunneling anomalies observed above Tc - the anomalies in the thermoelectric power above Tc We show how all these effects can be explained by the enhanced role played in quasi-2D systems by the fluctuation decrease of the one-electron density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level, and its competition with other fluctuation contributions (AL, MT). The full fluctuation theory in HTS is reviewed and its resuls compared with experimental data.
description: In press in Advances in Physics, 175 pages, LaTeX, for figures (41) e-mail your request to Dr. Milani : milani@uniroma2.it
Online tools for Molecular Docking (Part-2)
Creators: name: Ponnusamy, Nirmaladevi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: The Molecular Docking (MD) server is a web-based, user-friendly tool with an intuitive interface that manages all aspects of MD, including ligand (small molecule) and protein setup. Identification of a small molecule's/ligand's/binding protein's modalities. It integrates a variety of prominent Insilico chemistry products to allow users to do high-efficiency, rapid, and reliable docking calculations.
Relativistic theory for time and frequency transfer to order c^{-3}
Creators: name: Blanchet, Luc
name: Salomon, Christophe
name: Teyssandier, Pierre
name: Wolf, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is motivated by the current development of several space missions (e.g. ACES on International Space Station) that will fly on Earth orbit laser cooled atomic clocks, providing a time-keeping accuracy of the order of 5~10^{-17} in fractional frequency. We show that to such accuracy, the theory of frequency transfer between Earth and Space must be extended from the currently known relativistic order 1/c^2 (which has been needed in previous space experiments such as GP-A) to the next relativistic correction of order 1/c^3. We find that the frequency transfer includes the first and second-order Doppler contributions, the Einstein gravitational red-shift and, at the order 1/c^3, a mixture of these effects. As for the time transfer, it contains the standard Shapiro time delay, and we present an expression also including the first and second-order Sagnac corrections. Higher-order relativistic corrections, at least O(1/c^4), are numerically negligible for time and frequency transfers in these experiments, being for instance of order 10^{-20} in fractional frequency. Particular attention is paid to the problem of the frequency transfer in the two-way experimental configuration. In this case we find a simple theoretical expression which extends the previous formula (Vessot et al. 1980) to the next order 1/c^3. In the Appendix we present the detailed proofs of all the formulas which will be needed in such experiments.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Additional file 1: of In vitro exposure of a 3D-tetraculture representative for the alveolar barrier at the air-liquid interface to silver particles and nanowires
Creators: name: Fizeșan, Ionel
name: Cambier, Sébastien
name: Moschini, Elisa
name: Chary, Aline
name: Nelissen, Inge
name: Ziebel, Johanna
name: Jean-Nicolas Audinot
name: Wirtz, Tom
name: Kruszewski, Marcin
name: Pop, Anca
name: Kiss, Béla
name: Serchi, Tommaso
name: Loghin, Felicia
name: Gutleb, Arno
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Figure S1. Secondary electron image of pristine AgNWs (bar scale 500 nm) obtained on the Helium Ion Microscopy – Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (HIM-SIMS) instrument. Samples were deposited on a Silicon wafer. (PDF 135 kb)