cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Non-imported malaria in Italy: paradigmatic approaches and public health implications following an unusual cluster of cases in 2017
Creators: name: Boccolini, Daniela
name: Menegon, Michela
name: Luca, Marco Di
name: Toma, Luciano
name: Severini, Francesco
name: Marucci, Gianluca
name: D’Amato, Stefania
name: Caraglia, Anna
name: Maraglino, Francesco Paolo
name: Rezza, Giovanni
name: Romi, Roberto
name: Gradoni, Luigi
name: Severini, Carlo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Nucleotide sequences from the genetic markers analyzed for the molecular investigations of the putative induced malaria case, Trento 1, and the imported malaria cases, Trento 2-5.
ENERGIA RENOVÁVEL: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE OFERTA E DEMANDA DE ETANOL NO BRASIL
Creators: name: Oliveira, Michelle Pinto
name: Alencar, Junia Rodrigues De
name: Souza, Geraldo Da Silva E
name: Oliveira, Michelle Pinto
name: Alencar, Junia Rodrigues De
name: Souza, Geraldo Da Silva E
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Etanol
subject: energia renovável
subject: biocombustível
subject: oferta e demanda
subject: equações simultâneas
subject: Ethanol
subject: renewable energy
subject: biofuel
subject: supply
subject: demand
subject: simultaneous equations

description: A grande necessidade de diminuir a dependência em relação ao petróleo devido aos seus preços em constante elevação, a preocupação com o meio ambiente (protocolo de kyoto) e a crescente demanda por carros flex tem colocado o etanol - uma energia totalmente renovável - em papel de destaque, como fonte alternativa de energia. A demanda e a oferta por este biocombustível são crescentes nos últimos anos e com grande possibilidade de se manter forte e dinâmica por vários anos. Neste contexto, o estudo teve como objetivo analisar quais as variáveis que afetaram a oferta e a demanda de etanol no Brasil, no período de 1995 a 2006. O método de análise utilizado foi o modelo de equilíbrio simultâneo por meio de mínimos quadrados em dois estágios, com correção de variância via métodos de momentos generalizados (GMM). Para ilustrar o uso do modelo em simulações de políticas, investiga-se o efeito de um aumento relativo no preço do petróleo no mercado do etanol, ceteris paribus. Os resultados do modelo foram significativos, mas o interessante é que o álcool não se mostrou substituto perfeito da gasolina no período analisado, pois o seu papel fundamental foi de aditivo da gasolina. ----------------------------------------------The great necessity for reducing the dependency upon oil due to its price, which is constantly increasing, the concern about the environment (Kyoto Protocol) and the increasing demand for flex cars have highlighted the role of ethanol - a totally renewable source of energy. The supply and demand for this biofuel are increasing in the past years and with a great chance to keep strong and dynamic for many years. In this context, the objective of the study was to analyse which variables affected the supply and demand for ethanol in Brazil, considering the period from 1995 to 2006. The method of analysis used was a simultaneous equilibrium model by means of two stages, least squares with correction of the variance by the generalized method of moments (GMM). To illustrate the use of the model in policy simulation it is studied the effect of a relative increase in oil price in the market of ethanol, ceteris paribus. The results of the model were significant, but what is interesting is that the alcohol did not appear to be a perfect substitutive for gasoline in the mentioned period, since his fundamental role was of an additive of gasoline.
Magnetic helicity and cosmological magnetic field
Creators: name: Semikoz, V. B.
name: Sokoloff, D. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic helicity has paramount significance in nonlinear saturation of galactic dynamo. We argue that the magnetic helicity conservation is violated at the lepton stage in the evolution of early Universe. As a result, a cosmological magnetic field which can be a seed for the galactic dynamo obtains from the beginning a substantial magnetic helicity which has to be taken into account in the magnetic helicity balance at the later stage of galactic dynamo.
description: 11 pages, no figures; v3: new references and new paragraphs added, discussion extended, some mistypings corrected
Dark Photons in the Solar Basin
Creators: name: Lasenby, Robert
name: Van Tilburg, Ken
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Production of dark photons inside the Sun forms the basis for the most sensitive probes of such particles over a wide mass range. A small fraction of dark photons is emitted into gravitationally bound orbits, building up a "Solar basin" population that survives for astrophysically long times. We show that this population could lead to signals in existing and proposed dark matter detection experiments, opening up significant new parameter space independent of whether dark photons make up the dark matter. Even with conservative assumptions, results from current dark matter experiments already constrain new parameter space; with fiducial assumptions, a Solar basin population of dark photons could be responsible for excess events seen in XENON1T. Future low-threshold experiments could be sensitive to these Solar-System-bound dark photons down to sub-eV masses, at couplings orders of magnitude below current constraints.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
RENTABILIDADE DO PLANTIO DIRETO DE GRÃOS EM UNIDADES FAMILIARES NO NORTE DO PARANÁ, BRASIL.
Creators: name: Fuentes-Llanillo, Rafael
name: Soares Junior, Dimas
name: Carneiro, Sergio Luis
name: Carvalho, Adenir De
name: Marcolini, Ciro
name: Fuentes-Llanillo, Rafael
name: Soares Junior, Dimas
name: Carneiro, Sergio Luis
name: Carvalho, Adenir De
name: Marcolini, Ciro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: margem bruta
subject: plantio direto
subject: agricultura de conservação
subject: agricultura familiar
subject: gross margin
subject: no tillage
subject: conservation agriculture
subject: household farming

description: O presente artigo avaliou a rentabilidade do conjunto de lavouras de grãos sob plantio direto, utilizando a análise multicaso de treze estabelecimentos agropecuários familiares de grãos no Norte do Paraná, Brasil, através da avaliação das margens brutas por hectare-ano ao longo de seis safras anuais entre 1998/99 e 2003/04. Averiguou-se ainda a existência ou não de uma relação entre a rentabilidade e os diferentes tipos de plantio direto com respeito ao nível de revolvimento do solo, à realização de rotação de culturas e ao acesso a maquinários apropriados.---------------------------------------------This article evaluated the profitability of the mix of grain crops under no-tillage, in a multiple case analysis of thirteen family enterprises of grains in the North of Parana State, Brazil, through evaluation of gross margins per hectare-year by six annual seasons between 1998/99 and 2003/04. It was also verified the existence or not of a relationship between profitability and the different types of no-tillage regarding to the level of soil disturbance, type of crop rotation and access to appropriate machinery .
Equilibrium Onions?
Creators: name: Ramos, L.
name: Roux, D.
name: Olmsted, P. D.
name: Cates, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the possibility of a stable equilibrium multi-lamellar (``onion'') phase in pure lamellar systems (no excess solvent) due to a sufficiently negative Gaussian curvature modulus. The onion phase is stabilized by non-linear elastic moduli coupled to a polydisperse size distribution (Apollonian packing) to allow space-filling without appreciable elastic distortion. This model is compared to experiments on copolymer-decorated lamellar surfactant systems, with reasonable qualitative agreement.
DECOMPOSIÇÃO DOS FATORES DE CRESCIMENTO PRÓ-POBRE: EVIDÊNCIAS PARA A ZONA RURAL BRASILEIRA
Creators: name: Freitas, George Alberto De
name: Carvalho, Rosemeiry Melo
name: Campos, Roberio Telmo
name: Freitas, George Alberto De
name: Carvalho, Rosemeiry Melo
name: Campos, Roberio Telmo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Pobreza rural
subject: crescimento pró-pobre
subject: Brasil
subject: Rural poverty
subject: pro-poor growth
subject: Brazil

description: O crescimento econômico de longo prazo é condição sine qua non para uma população garantir seu bem-estar e o de suas gerações futuras. Porém, muitas vezes o fluxo de renda em uma economia específica é insuficiente para proporcionar uma vida digna de modo que todos estejam inclusos na sociedade do consumo. Outras vezes há renda suficiente, mas nem toda sociedade se beneficia dos frutos gerados por esta. Este trabalho busca diagnosticar os fatores de crescimento através da decomposição dos índices de pobreza, identificando os fatores que influenciaram o crescimento econômico e a desigualdade de renda no Brasil entre 1995 e 2005. O modelo utilizado permite identificar se o crescimento econômico foi pró-pobre ou não. A análise foi realizada em âmbito nacional, regional e estadual, abrangendo vinte estados e excluindo o Distrito Federal e os estados da região Norte, exceto Tocantins. Os resultados indicam a ocorrência de crescimento pró-pobre na zona rural brasileira para grande maioria dos estados. O Nordeste é a região mais atingida com o fenômeno da pobreza rural, juntamente com a região Norte, a que menos reduziu a sua proporção de pobres, sugerindo a formação de clubes de convergência. Os estados das regiões Sul e Centro-Oeste lideram o ranking de redução de pobreza rural para todos os índices observados. -----------------------------------------------The long-term economic growth is sine qua non condition for ensure population well-being and of their future generations. But often the flow of income in an economy is specific enough to provide a decent life so that everyone is included in the society of consumption. Sometimes there is sufficient income, but not all of society benefits generated by this fruit. This paper seeks diagnosing the factors of growth through decomposition rates of poverty by identifying the factors that influence economic growth in income inequality in Brazil between 1995 and 2005. The model used allows identify whether economic growth was pro-poor or not. The analysis was conducted at the national, regional and state, covering twenty states and excluding the Federal District and the states of the north, except Tocantins. The results indicate the occurrence of pro-poor growth in the rural area to Brazilian great majority of states. The Northeast is the region most affected with the phenomenon of rural poverty, along with the northern region, the least that reduced its proportion of poor, suggesting the formation of clubs for convergence. The states of the South and Central West lead the ranking of reducing rural poverty for all indices observed.
Testing higher-order quantum interference with many-particle states
Creators: name: Pleinert, Marc-Oliver
name: Rueda, Alfredo
name: Lutz, Eric
name: von Zanthier, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum theory permits interference between indistinguishable paths but, at the same time, restricts its order. Single-particle interference, for instance, is limited to the second order, that is, to pairs of single-particle paths. To date, all experimental efforts to search for higher-order interferences beyond those compatible with quantum mechanics have been based on such single-particle schemes. However, quantum physics is not bounded to single-particle interference. We here experimentally study many-particle higher-order interference using a two-photon-five-slit setup. We observe nonzero two-particle interference up to fourth order, corresponding to the interference of two distinct two-particle paths. We further show that fifth-order interference is restricted to $10^{-3}$ in the intensity-correlation regime and to $10^{-2}$ in the photon-correlation regime, thus providing novel bounds on higher-order quantum interference.
Prairie and Quebec Metis territoriality : "interstices territoriales" and the cartography of in-between identity
Creators: name: Rivard, Etienne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis is a historical and contemporary exploration of Prairie and Quebec Métis. The Métis, individuals of mixed Native and non-Native ancestry, have been constitutionally recognised as Aboriginal people(s) in Canada since 1982. They are the result of the numerous episodes of Métissage that have occurred in the course of Canada's history. Métissage emerged early in the French Regime, as the intermingling of "Indian" and "white" blood was an inescapable outcome of the fur trade economy. In spite of this long history and recent official recognition, the mixed cultural origins of the Métis have challenged many aspects of Canadian society — its conception of aboriginality, its ethnic classifications and policies, and its conception of territorial integrity. On the other hand, the Métis also represent an opportunity for Canada to question its conceptions of aboriginality and to outline possible paths of reflection about the country's socio-political landscape. This thesis approaches these paths indirectly by exploring the historical importance of Métis geographies in the development of Canada. More specifically, it aims to identify the changing patterns of Métis territoriality — the changing Métis sense of identity and territory. My historical exploration is largely based on an investigation of colonial maps, on which I have sought territorial markers (material, political, and symbolic) that identify the existence of Métissage and the Métis. The visual nature of maps makes them influential territorial discourses and efficient means by which Métis geography and territoriality can be identified as well as the mental conceptions Canadians have of the country. This study of colonial maps is complemented by the analysis of Métis oral tradition as revealed by stories, individual accounts, songs, and place names. I also investigate the ways in which contemporary Métis conceive of history and the future, and how this affects (or supports) their self-identification. This contemporary inquiry is primarily based on Métis maps, Métis official web sites, and interviews I conducted with Métis living in different regions in the province of Quebec. Both historical and contemporary examinations reveal real regional distinctions between Prairie and Quebec Métis, although there have been significant social and familial connections between the two groups. Both Métis peoples also share common characteristics. The most important one is "in-betweenness," which appears to be a principal feature of Métis past and present territoriality.
Additional file 2 of Dietary patterns and their association with breast milk macronutrient composition among lactating women
Creators: name: Huang, Zhi
name: Hu, Yu-Ming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2. Lactating women dietary questionnaire.
Reflections on 25 Years of Visual Communication Quarterly
Creators: name: Thomson, T.J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 200101 Communication Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: This research brief reflects on the first 25 years of Visual Communication Quarterly (from its founding in 1994 to 2019) specifically in terms of the geographic diversity featured in its scholarship, the methods and means its authors have relied on to advance their arguments, the specific visuals under consideration, and the authors’ aims, which sometimes overlap with the visuals under consideration and sometimes are distinct from them. Insights from this review1 will be offered and provocations raised to inform an ongoing discussion about how the past can inform the future of our journal and what we publish in it.
The Toric Phases of the Y^{p,q} Quivers
Creators: name: Benvenuti, Sergio
name: Hanany, Amihay
name: Kazakopoulos, Pavlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct all connected toric phases of the recently discovered $Y^{p,q}$ quivers and show their IR equivalence using Seiberg duality. We also compute the R and global U(1) charges for a generic toric phase of $Y^{p,q}$.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Dietary patterns and their association with breast milk macronutrient composition among lactating women
Creators: name: Huang, Zhi
name: Hu, Yu-Ming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Food grouping used in the dietary pattern analyses.
Moving from ‘land titling’ to ‘land governance’: The case of the Kyrgyz Republic
Creators: name: Undeland, Asyl
name: Burns, Tony
name: Deininger, Klaus W.
name: Selod, Harris
name: Undeland, Asyl
name: Burns, Tony
name: Deininger, Klaus W.
name: Selod, Harris
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: Indicators
subject: land policy
subject: land administration
subject: transition economy

description: There is a growing recognition that well-defined and enforceable property rights to land are important for a range of economic and social functions. To assess land governance at the country level, the World Bank has elaborated a diagnostic tool based on empirical indicators that aims to identify areas for improvement and that could be used to monitor progress in the land sector. This tool, the Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF), was first tested in Peru, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Indonesia and in the Kyrgyz Republic, and is currently being implemented in a number of other countries worldwide. The present paper summarizes the main results obtained from the Kyrgyz pilot to illustrate the case of land governance issues that arise in a post-transition economy formerly influenced by Soviet-style land administration and which made the transition towards private ownership of land over a decade ago. Policy recommendations are derived based on the assessment.
Constraining the thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch phase with resolved stellar populations in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Pastorelli, Giada
name: Marigo, Paola
name: Girardi, Léo
name: Aringer, Bernhard
name: Chen, Yang
name: Rubele, Stefano
name: Trabucchi, Michele
name: Bladh, Sara
name: Boyer, Martha L.
name: Bressan, Alessandro
name: Dalcanton, Julianne J.
name: Groenewegen, Martin A. T.
name: Lebzelter, Thomas
name: Mowlavi, Nami
name: Chubb, Katy L.
name: Cioni, Maria-Rosa L.
name: de Grijs, Richard
name: Ivanov, Valentin D.
name: Nanni, Ambra
name: van Loon, Jacco Th.
name: Zaggia, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reliable models of the thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) phase are of critical importance across astrophysics, including our interpretation of the spectral energy distribution of galaxies, cosmic dust production, and enrichment of the interstellar medium. With the aim of improving sets of stellar isochrones that include a detailed description of the TP-AGB phase, we extend our recent calibration of the AGB population in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) to the more metal rich Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We model the LMC stellar populations with the TRILEGAL code, using the spatially-resolved star formation history derived from the VISTA survey. We characterize the efficiency of the third dredge-up by matching the star counts and the $K_{\rm s}$-band luminosity functions of the AGB stars identified in the LMC. In line with previous findings, we confirm that, compared to the SMC, the third dredge-up in AGB stars of the LMC is somewhat less efficient, as a consequence of the higher metallicity. The predicted range of initial mass of C-rich stars is between $M_{\rm i} \approx 1.7 - 3~\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$ at $Z_{\rm i} = 0.008$. We show how the inclusion of new opacity data in the carbon star spectra will improve the performance of our models. We discuss the predicted lifetimes, integrated luminosities and mass-loss rate distributions of the calibrated models. The results of our calibration are included in updated stellar isochrones publicly available.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Analytical and numerical investigation of the airflow in face masks used for protection against COVID-19 virus -- implications for mask design and usage
Creators: name: Perić, Robinson
name: Perić, Milovan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of face masks for the general public has been suggested in literature as a means to decrease virus transmission during the global COVID-19 pandemic. However, literature findings indicate that most mask designs do not provide reliable protection. This paper investigates the hypothesis that the impaired protection is mainly due to imperfect fitting of the masks, so that airflow, which contains virus-transporting droplets, can leak through gaps into or out of the mask. The fluid dynamics of face masks are investigated via analytical and numerical computations. The results demonstrate that the flow can be satisfactorily predicted by simplified analytical 1D-flow models, by efficient 2D-flow simulations and by 3D-flow simulations. The present results show that already gap heights larger than 0.1mm can result in the mask not fulfilling FFP2 or FFP3 standards, and for gap heights of ca. 1mm most of the airflow and droplets may pass through the gap. The implications of these findings are discussed and improvements to existing mask designs are suggested.
description: This article is a preprint. A link to the final journal article will be posted here when the article is accepted
Cross-cultural differences in the presentation of depression : Chinese somatization and western psychologization
Creators: name: Ryder, Andrew George
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The expectation that Chinese individuals tend to present distress in a somatic way, through physical symptoms, has been a major prediction of cultural psychopathology. Numerous theoretical papers have been written in an attempt to explain this phenomenon, but empirical research on this subject remains scarce. The present paper begins by reviewing literature indicating low depression rates in China along with high rates of a syndrome, most often translated using the archaic term Neurasthenia, which shares many physical symptoms with depression. Then, research is discussed pertaining to underlying processes of symptom presentation, most often referred to as somatization and psychologization. This review accounts for the influence of sociocultural and historical forces, arguing that sufficient work on these factors has now been done to allow for carefully constructed empirical research using the methods of clinical and cultural psychology. To this end, two studies are presented, the first a questionnaire study of Chinese, Chinese-Canadian, and Euro-Canadian students and the second a multimethod study using Chinese and Euro-Canadian psychiatric outpatients. Results suggest that Chinese somatization, and Western psychologization, only emerge when sufficient psychosocial distress is present and, when this is the case, can be detected regardless of the assessment method used. At the same time, neither mode of symptom presentation is culturally unique. A number of possible explanations are explored, suggesting a role for cultural differences in the emphasis on emotional life. The paper concludes by integrating these findings into the existing literature and by noting the ways in which cultural psychopathology can be informed by clinical and cultural psychology.
The SAMPLE Experiment and Weak Nucleon Structure
Creators: name: Beise, E. J.
name: Pitt, M. L.
name: Spayde, D. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the key elements to understanding the structure of the nucleon is the role of its quark-antiquark sea in its ground state properties such as charge, mass, magnetism and spin. In the last decade, parity-violating electron scattering has emerged as an important tool in this area, because of its ability to isolate the contribution of strange quark-antiquark pairs to the nucleon's charge and magnetism. The SAMPLE experiment at the MIT-Bates Laboratory, which has been focused on s-sbar contributions to the proton's magnetic moment, was the first of such experiments and its program has recently been completed. In this paper we give an overview of some of the experimental aspects of parity-violating electron scattering, briefly review the theoretical predictions for strange quark form factors, summarize the SAMPLE measurements, and place them in context with the program of experiments being carried out at other electron scattering facilities such as Jefferson Laboratory and the Mainz Microtron.
description: 61 pages, review article
Ambient-Based Policy Instruments: The Role of Recommendations and Presentation
Creators: name: Spraggon, John M.
name: Oxoby, Robert J.
name: Spraggon, John M.
name: Oxoby, Robert J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: ambient pollution instruments
subject: recommended play
subject: experiments

description: We explore the effects of recommended play and the presentation of payoff information on behavior in an ambient-based policy instrument experiment. Specifically, we test the effects of recommended play (via a description of marginal decision making) and a payoff table on the behavior of individuals facing an ambient-based policy instrument. We find that recommended play and the presentation of a payoff table increases the use of the socially optimal strategy, thereby increasing efficiency. These results suggest that providing decision makers with a richer description of the decision making environment significantly reduces decision error, significantly improving the efficiency of ambient-based policy instruments.
Development of small business in the sphere of rural tourism by the example of the Kirov region
Creators: name: Vlasyuk, Tatyana
name: Vlasyuk, Tatyana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: small family enterprises
subject: rural tourism
subject: social development

description: The small-scale business is an important element of the market economy, which influences rates of economic growth, structure and quality of the gross domestic product. Nevertheless poor agricultural commodity prices, rising input costs combined with low productivity and out-of-day agricultural machinery erode small farming enterprises and result in social and economic problems. On the other hand small farming enterprises can play a significant role in the developing and designing new policy modes for rural areas. In this situation rural tourism can provide new ways to diversify farm products and supplement agricultural incomes for existing agro industrial and farming enterprise. It can also provide new jobs for those not involved in the agricultural production directly. The algorithm for development of small business in rural tourism for the Kirov region aims at stimulating the development of small business in rural tourism combined with proving necessary conditions for recreation and tourism of the urban population of the Kirov region and neighbouring regions. It includes working out of the blueprint for development of rural tourism in the Kirov region, identification of tourist potential of municipal districts, working out of target municipal programs.
Additional file 1 of Readability of web-based sources about induced abortion: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Georgsson, Susanne
name: Carlsson, Tommy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1. STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies.
Homo Agricola considered as Homo Economicus and Homo Politicus
Creators: name: Zawojska, Aldona
name: Zawojska, Aldona
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: agriculture
subject: economics
subject: politics
subject: history of economic thought

description: The paper is of descriptive character and is based on literature review. It reviews the concept of homo economicus and homo politicus in the history of economic thought and tries to discover their characteristics in homo agricola. As demonstrated, one component of homo agricola can be of economic and another one of political nature. Those components can be separated or can be together. Agricultural economists, however, in their sophisticated mathematical models seem to reduce farmers’ behaviour to economic behaviour or rather to self-interested homo economicus. Institutional economics, social economics and socio-economics are closer to actual human nature, than homo economicus. The further research challenge before agricultural academia is to develop the model that will be able to fully explain the questions involving all human behaviour of homo agricola, that is farmer or rural man with set of different objectives.
Estimating Hypothetical Bias in Economically Emergent Africa: A Generic Public Good Experiment
Creators: name: Caplan, Arthur J.
name: Aadland, David
name: Macharia, Anthony
name: Caplan, Arthur J.
name: Aadland, David
name: Macharia, Anthony
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: hypothetical bias
subject: public good
subject: willingness to pay
subject: Botswana

description: This paper reports results from a contingent valuation based public good experiment conducted in the African nation of Botswana. In a sample of university students, we find evidence that stated willingness to contribute to a public good in a hypothetical setting is higher than actual contribution levels. However, results from regression analysis suggest that this is true only in the second round of the experiment, when participants making actual contributions have learned to significantly lower their contribution levels. As globalization expands markets, and economies such as Botswana’s continue to modernize, there is a growing need to understand how hypothetical bias will influence the valuation of public goods.
Stability and response of trapped solitary wave solutions of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations in an external, $\mathcal{PT}$- and supersymmetric potential
Creators: name: Charalampidis, Efstathios G.
name: Dawson, John F.
name: Cooper, Fred
name: Khare, Avinash
name: Saxena, Avadh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present trapped solitary wave solutions of a coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system in $1$+$1$ dimensions in the presence of an external, supersymmetric and complex $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric potential. The Schrödinger system this work focuses on possesses exact solutions whose existence, stability, and spatio-temporal dynamics are investigated by means of analytical and numerical methods. Two different variational approximations are considered where the stability and dynamics of the solitary waves are explored in terms of eight and twelve time-dependent collective coordinates. We find regions of stability for specific potential choices as well as analytic expressions for the small oscillation frequencies in the collective coordinate approximation. Our findings are further supported by performing systematic numerical simulations of the nonlinear Schrödinger system.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures
Voluntary Approaches to Transitioning from Competitive Fisheries to Rights-Based Management: Bringing the Field into the Lab
Creators: name: Knapp, Gunnar
name: Murphy, James J.
name: Knapp, Gunnar
name: Murphy, James J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: experimental economics
subject: fisheries
subject: rights-based management
subject: IHQ

description: This paper describes a novel experiment designed to examine how rent dissipation may occur in fisheries in which the right to participate is limited and fishermen compete amongst themselves for shares of an exogenous total allowable catch. We demonstrate that rent dissipation may occur through multiple mechanisms, and that the heterogeneity of fishermen has important implications for how rent dissipation occurs and the extent to which different individuals may benefit from the implementation of rights-based management. We apply this approach to investigate the concept of voluntary rights-based management under which managers divide the total allowable catch between two separate fisheries, and fishermen may choose between fishing for a guaranteed individual harvest quota and competing for a share of the total catch in a competitive fishery.
Data-driven quark and gluon jet modification in heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Brewer, Jasmine
name: Thaler, Jesse
name: Turner, Andrew P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Whether quark- and gluon-initiated jets are modified differently by the quark-gluon plasma produced in heavy-ion collisions is a long-standing question that has thus far eluded a definitive experimental answer. A crucial complication for quark-gluon discrimination in both proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions is that all measurements necessarily average over the (unknown) quark-gluon composition of a jet sample. In the heavy-ion context, the simultaneous modification of both the fractions and substructure of quark and gluon jets by the quark-gluon plasma further obscures the interpretation. Here, we demonstrate a fully data-driven method for separating quark and gluon contributions to jet observables using a statistical technique called topic modeling. Assuming that jet distributions are a mixture of underlying "quark-like" and "gluon-like" distributions, we show how to extract quark and gluon jet fractions and constituent multiplicity distributions as a function of the jet transverse momentum. This proof-of-concept study is based on proton-proton and heavy-ion collision events from the Monte Carlo event generator Jewel with statistics accessible in Run 4 of the Large Hadron Collider. These results suggest the potential for an experimental determination of quark and gluon jet modifications.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Structural and bio-functional assessment of the postaxillary gland in Nidirana pleuraden (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae)
Creators: name: Yuzhou Gong
name: Yiwei Zeng
name: Puyang Zheng
name: Liao, Xun
name: Xie, Feng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Basic information on Nidirana pleuraden and ethological experiment equipment. Supplementary figures show the regression of the postaxillary gland out the breeding season of N. pleuraden, the animals’ breeding sites, waveform and spectrogram of the male advertisement call, and set-up of the animal preference test.
The cooperation-defection evolution on social networks
Creators: name: Sarkar, Bijan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Without contributing, defectors take more benefit from social resources than cooperators which is the reflection of a specific character of individuals. However, natural physical mechanisms of our society promote cooperation. Thus, in the long run, the evolution about genetic variation is something more than the social evolution about fitness. The loci of evolutionary paths of the cooperation and the defection are correlated, but not a full complement of each other. Yet, the only single specific mechanism which is operated by some rules explains the enhancement of cooperation where the independent analysis of defect evolutionary mechanism is ignored. Moreover, the execution of a particular evolutionary rule through algorithm method over the long time encounters highly sensitive influence of the model parameters. Theoretically, biodiversity of two types relatively persists rarely. Here I describe the evolutionary outcome in the demographic fluctuation. Using both analytical procedure and algorithm method the article concludes that the intratype fitness of individual species is the key factor for not only surviving, but thriving. In consideration of the random drift, the experimental outcomes show that dominant enhancement of cooperation over defection is qualitatively independent of environmental scenario. Collectively, the set of the rules becomes an evolutionary principle to cooperation enhancement.
description: A scientific explanation can be accomplished through a simple easier logical procedure. A time consuming trick can also be replaced by an elegant trick
Do Static Externalities Offset Dynamic Externalities? An Experimental Study of the Exploitation of Substitutable Common-Pool Resources
Creators: name: Giordana, Gaston A.
name: Montginoul, Marielle
name: Willinger, Marc
name: Giordana, Gaston A.
name: Montginoul, Marielle
name: Willinger, Marc
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: common-pool resources
subject: substitutable goods
subject: dynamic externalities
subject: survival data
subject: proportional hazard
subject: experiment

description: Overexploitation of coastal aquifers may lead to seawater intrusion, which irreversibly degrades groundwater. The seawater intrusion process may imply that its consequences would not be perceptible until after decades of accumulated overexploitation. In such a dynamic setting, static externalities may enhance the users’ awareness about the resource’s common nature, inducing more conservative individual behaviors. Aiming to evaluate this hypothesis, we experimentally test predictions from a dynamic game of substitutable common-pool resource (CPR) exploitation. The players have to decide whether to use a free private good or to extract from one of two costly CPRs. Our findings do not give substantial support to the initial conjecture. Nevertheless, the presence of static externalities does induce some kind of payoff reassurance strategies in the resource choice decisions, but these strategies do not correspond to the optimum benchmark.
Solution of a Hamiltonian of quantum dots with Rashba spin-orbit coupling: quasi-exact solution
Creators: name: Tutunculer, Hayriye
name: Koc, Ramazan
name: Olgar, Eser
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method to solve the problem of Rashba spin-orbit coupling in semiconductor quantum dots, within the context of quasi-exactly solvable spectral problems. We show that the problem possesses a hidden osp(2,2) superalgebra. We constructed a general matrix whose determinant provide exact eigenvalues. Analogous mathematical structures between the Rashba and some of the other spin-boson physical systems are notified.
Chandra Observations and Models of the Mixed-Morphology Supernova Remnant W44: Global Trends
Creators: name: Shelton, R. L.
name: Kuntz, K. D.
name: Petre, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As with other mixed morphology remnants, W44's projected center is bright in thermal X-rays. It has an obvious radio shell, but no discernable X-ray shell. X-ray bright knots dot W44's image. The Chandra data show that the remnant's hot, bright projected center is metal-rich and that the bright knots are regions of comparatively elevated elemental abundances. The neon abundance is elevated, suggesting that the center is rich in ejecta. Furthermore, some of the emitting iron atoms appear to be underionized with respect to the other ions, providing the first X-ray evidence for dust destruction in a supernova remnant. We use the Chandra data to test the following explanations for W44's X-ray bright center: 1.) entropy mixing from thermal conduction or bulk mixing, 2.) cloud evaporation, and 3.) a metallicity gradient, possibly due to dust destruction and ejecta enrichment. In these tests, we assume that the remnant has evolved beyond the adiabatic evolutionary stage, which explains the X-ray dimness of the shell. The entropy mixed model spectrum was found to be a good match to the Chandra spectrum. The bright knots have similar levels of ionization as the surrounding regions, challenging the evaporating clouds model. While both of these models are known to predict centrally bright X-ray morphologies, their predictions fall short of the observed brightness gradient. The resulting brightness gap can be largely filled in by emission from the extra metals in and near the remnant's projected center. The preponderance of evidence suggests that W44's remarkable morphology can be attributed to dust destruction and ejecta enrichment within an entropy mixed, adiabatic phase supernova remnant.
description: Accepted for publication in the August 20, 2004 issue of ApJ. 22 pages (in well spaced layout), references, captions, and figures
Sustainable Management of Resource Consumption Agriculture - Enlightenment from Organic Agriculture of Japan
Creators: name: Luo, Fang
name: Xu, Dan
name: Luo, Fang
name: Xu, Dan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Japan
subject: Organic agriculture
subject: Sustainability
subject: China

description: Based on the content of organic agriculture, sustainable management of agriculture in Japan is analyzed from four aspects. Firstly, organization and management institutions and relevant laws and regulations of organic agriculture in Japan are introduced. Secondly, certification procedure of organic agricultural products is briefly described, that is, determining production plan, reorganizing cultivation and management records, making certification application, on-site inspection, offering certification, and professional work after certification. Thirdly, management of organic agriculture in Japan is analyzed; and the six principal forms of organic agriculture in Japan are summarized. The four basic characteristics of agricultural product circulation and consumption are summed up, which are paying attention to food safety, encouraging residence allocation and dispatch, promoting order production and marketing, and strengthening the communication between production and marketing. Fourthly, operation mechanism of organic agriculture in Japan is introduced, especially the Producer – Consumer "Guidance and Help" System. According to the investigation on the national differences between China and Japan, enlightenment of organic agriculture to China is put forward, including the change of ideas and concepts, the establishment of network organic agricultural association, and the improvement of management system for organic agricultural products.
Causal and homogeneous networks
Creators: name: Bialas, P.
name: Burda, Z.
name: Waclaw, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Growing networks have a causal structure. We show that the causality strongly influences the scaling and geometrical properties of the network. In particular the average distance between nodes is smaller for causal networks than for corresponding homogeneous networks. We explain the origin of this effect and illustrate it using as an example a solvable model of random trees. We also discuss the issue of stability of the scale-free node degree distribution. We show that a surplus of links may lead to the emergence of a singular node with the degree proportional to the total number of links. This effect is closely related to the backgammon condensation known from the balls-in-boxes model.
description: short review submitted to AIP proceedings, CNET2004 conference; changes in the discussion of the distance distribution for growing trees, Fig. 6-right changed