cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Efficient Planning Using Plan Libraries to Capture the Structure of the State Space
Creators: name: Bulka, Blazej
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2009
Subjects: automated planning
plan libraries
state space topology
state-space planning

description: Automated, domain-independent planning is a research area within Artificial Intelligence that is used in a variety of practical applications, especially those for which a large degree of autonomy is required. Planning programs that are given information about the current state of the world, the available actions, and a set of goals that should be achieved. The planner's task is determining the plan: a set of actions and ordering constraints among them. A domain-independent planner is not tailored for a specific planning domain but can understand any domain encoded in a generic, expressive description language. Ideally, in domain-independent planning, the planner should be able to analyze the domain on its own, and adjust its reasoning method accordingly. This work focuses on improving the speed of automated, domain-independent planners in different planning domains by automatically reusing the planner's experience from previous planning episodes, and proactively exploring the problem to gather more experience about it. The experience is then stored in a novel type of plan library called a planning backbone, which contains the explored parts of the state space graph for the planning problem. Since the state space of a planning problem is closely related to the structure of the problem, the backbone approach results in a plan library that reflects that underlying structure. The dissertation presents algorithms for building planning backbones, modifying them, and using them in planning. It also presents a theoretical analysis of topological properties of state spaces for benchmark planning domains, and examines the effect of these topological properties on backbone coverage and the resulting performance improvements in planners that use the backbone.
The noise in the circular law and the Gaussian free field
Creators: name: Rider, Brian
name: Virag, Balint
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fill an n x n matrix with independent complex Gaussians of variance 1/n. As n approaches infinity, the eigenvalues {z_k} converge to a sum of an H^1-noise on the unit disk and an independent H^{1/2}-noise on the unit circle. More precisely, for C^1 functions of suitable growth, the distribution of sum_{k=1}^n (f(z_k)-E f(z_k)) converges to that of a mean-zero Gaussian with variance given by the sum of the squares of the disk H^1 and the circle H^{1/2} norms of f. Moreover, with p_n the characteristic polynomial, log|p_n|- E log|p_n| tends to the planar Gaussian free field conditioned to be harmonic outside the unit disk. Finally, for polynomial test functions f, we prove that the limiting covariance structure is universal for a class of models including Haar distributed unitary matrices.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures. Revised introduction. New sections
Classical dynamical density functional theory: from fundamentals to applications
Creators: name: Vrugt, Michael te
name: Löwen, Hartmut
name: Wittkowski, Raphael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical dynamical density functional theory (DDFT) is one of the cornerstones of modern statistical mechanics. It is an extension of the highly successful method of classical density functional theory (DFT) to nonequilibrium systems. Originally developed for the treatment of simple and complex fluids, DDFT is now applied in fields as diverse as hydrodynamics, materials science, chemistry, biology, and plasma physics. In this review, we give a broad overview over classical DDFT. We explain its theoretical foundations and the ways in which it can be derived. The relations between the different forms of deterministic and stochastic DDFT as well as between DDFT and related theories, such as quantum-mechanical time-dependent DFT, mode coupling theory, and phase field crystal models, are clarified. Moreover, we discuss the wide spectrum of extensions of DDFT, which covers methods with additional order parameters (like extended DDFT), exact approaches (like power functional theory), and systems with more complex dynamics (like active matter). Finally, the large variety of applications, ranging from fluid mechanics and polymer physics to solidification, pattern formation, biophysics, and electrochemistry, is presented.
description: 165 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
The Accretion Disk Wind in the Black Hole GRO J1655-40
Creators: name: Miller, J. M.
name: Raymond, J.
name: Reynolds, C. S.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Kallman, T. R.
name: Homan, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on simultaneous Chandra/HETGS and RXTE observations of the transient stellar-mass black hole GRO J1655-40, made during its 2005 outburst. Chandra reveals a line-rich X-ray absorption spectrum consistent with a disk wind. Prior modeling of the spectrum suggested that the wind may be magnetically driven, potentially providing insights into the nature of disk accretion onto black holes. In this paper, we present results obtained with new models for this spectrum, generated using three independent photoionization codes: XSTAR, Cloudy, and our own code. Fits to the spectrum in particular narrow wavelength ranges, in evenly spaced wavelength slices, and across a broad wavelength band all strongly prefer a combination of high density, high ionization, and small inner radius. Indeed, the results obtained from all three codes require a wind that originates more than 10 times closer to the black hole and carrying a mass flux that is on the order of 1000 times higher than predicted by thermal driving models. If seminal work on thermally-driven disk winds is robust, magnetic forces may play a role in driving the disk wind in GRO J1655-40. However, even these modeling efforts must be regarded as crude given the complexity of the spectra. We discuss these results in the context of accretion flows in black holes and other compact objects.
description: Many color figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Notes on numerical analysis and solitary wave solutions of Boussinesq/Boussinesq systems for internal waves
Creators: name: Dougalis, V. A.
name: Duran, A.
name: Saridaki, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 76B15 (primary), 76B25, 65M70 (secondary)

description: In this paper a three-parameter family of Boussinesq systems is studied. The systems have been proposed as models of the propagation of long internal waves along the interface of a two-layer system of fluids with rigid-lid condition for the upper layer and under a Boussinesq regime for the flow in both layers. We first present some theoretical properties of well-posedness, conservation laws and Hamiltonian structure of the systems. Then the corresponding periodic initial-value problem is discretized in space by the spectral Fourier Galerkin method and for each system, error estimates for the semidiscrete approximation are proved. The rest of the paper is concerned with the study of existence and the numerical simulation of some issues of the dynamics of solitary-wave solutions. Standard theories are used to derive several results of existence of classical and generalized solitary waves, depending on the parameters of the models. A numerical procedure is used to generate numerically approximations of solitary waves. These are taken as initial conditions in a computational study of the dynamics of the solitary waves, both classical and generalized. To this end, the spectral semidiscretizations of the periodic initial-value problem for the systems are numerically integrated by a fourth-order Runge-Kutta-composition method based on the implicit midpoint rule. The fully discrete scheme is then used to approximate the evolution of perturbations of computed solitary wave profiles, and to study computationally the collisions of solitary waves as well as the resolution of initial data into trains of solitary waves.
On the Analytic Structure of a Family of Hyperboloidal Beams of Potential Interest for Advanced LIGO
Creators: name: Galdi, Vincenzo
name: Castaldi, Giuseppe
name: Pierro, Vincenzo
name: Pinto, Innocenzo M.
name: Agresti, Juri
name: D'Ambrosio, Erika
name: DeSalvo, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the baseline design of the advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO), use of optical cavities with non-spherical mirrors supporting flat-top ("mesa") beams, potentially capable of mitigating the thermal noise of the mirrors, has recently drawn a considerable attention. To reduce the severe tilt-instability problems affecting the originally conceived nearly-flat, "Mexican-hat-shaped" mirror configuration, K. S. Thorne proposed a nearly-concentric mirror configuration capable of producing the same mesa beam profile on the mirror surfaces. Subsequently, Bondarescu and Thorne introduced a generalized construction that leads to a one-parameter family of "hyperboloidal" beams which allows continuous spanning from the nearly-flat to the nearly-concentric mesa beam configurations. This paper is concerned with a study of the analytic structure of the above family of hyperboloidal beams. Capitalizing on certain results from the applied optics literature on flat-top beams, a physically-insightful and computationally-effective representation is derived in terms of rapidly-converging Gauss-Laguerre expansions. Moreover, the functional relation between two generic hyperboloidal beams is investigated. This leads to a generalization (involving fractional Fourier transform operators of complex order) of some recently discovered duality relations between the nearly-flat and nearly-concentric mesa configurations. Possible implications and perspectives for the advanced LIGO optical cavity design are discussed.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, typos corrected, Eqs. (24) and (26) changed
Inanimates, reflexives, demonstratives, complementizers
Creators: name: Koutouan, Evelyne
name: Jarvis, Rebecca
name: Russell, Katherine
name: Kouadio, Timothée
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: ebr

description: Eliciting constructions involving 'want', complementizers in affirmative and negative contexts, reflexives.
Identification and structural characterization of a high-affinity nucleocapsid protein binding site within the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 leader RNA: Implications for genome recognition
Creators: name: Johnson, Barry
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2008
Subjects: retrovirus
HIV
nucleocapsid
RNA
NMR spectroscopy
Chemistry, Biochemistry (0487)

description: Genome packaging is a key step in retrovirus replication. Two copies of the virus' RNA are specifically selected and packaged into an assembling virion. The nucleocapsid (NC) domain of the Gag polyprotein and the packaging signal (?-site) region of the genomic RNA are critical to this process. Different packaging mechanisms have been proposed for HIV-1 and HIV-2. In HIV-1, the ?-site is downstream of the major splice donor (SD), and any splicing removes both NC binding sites. The proposed HIV-2 ?-site is upstream of the SD. A ""co-translational packaging"" hypothesis was presented explaining this contradiction. In this mechanism, NC binds the full-length RNA from which it was translated. Other studies indicated the region between the SD and the Gag initiation codon is critical for NC binding and genome packaging. This finding supports the hypothesis that HIV-1 and HIV-2 package their genomes in a similar manner. However, the minimal NC binding domain(s) in HIV-2 had not been determined. The work presented here identifies such an NC binding element downstream of the SD in HIV-2 and shows the proposed packaging signal upstream of the SD binds NC with a dissociation constant ~6-fold greater than the downstream site. In addition, other structural elements in this region bind NC with even lower affinity. The primary HIV-2 NC binding site is an unstructured linker RNA sequence, whereas the two primary binding sites in HIV-1 are ordered tetraloops. This difference in RNA structure led to the hypothesis that the NC proteins of HIV-1 and -2 behave differently. The three-dimensional structure of HIV-2 NC was determined by NMR spectroscopy. This protein appears to be more rigid than its HIV-1 counterpart. An oligonucleotide corresponding to the ?3-AUG linker is unstructured in solution, but adopts an ordered conformation upon binding to NC. The different levels of order of both the proteins and the RNAs in these two viruses could explain previous work showing a non-reciprocal cross-packaging relationship when one virus' NC was replaced with that of the other virus. In this way, understanding the interactions involved in genome packaging at the molecular level could lead to the development of more efficient and safer vectors for gene delivery trials.
Longitudinal Double Spin Asymmetry in Inclusive Jet Production at STAR
Creators: name: Kowalik, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This contribution reports on the first measurement of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry $A_{LL}$ for the inclusive production of jets in polarized proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200 \mathrm{GeV}$. The data were collected with STAR at RHIC in the years 2003 and 2004, and correspond to a sampled integrated luminosity of $0.3 \mathrm{pb}^{-1}$ with beam polarizations up to 45%. The results on $A_{LL}$ cover jet transverse momenta $5 < p_{T} < 17 \mathrm{GeV/c}$ and agree with perturbative QCD evaluations based on deep-inelastic scattering parametrizations for the gluon polarization in the proton. The results disfavor large positive gluon polarization in the polarized proton.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Data Valuation for Medical Imaging Using Shapley Value: Application on A Large-scale Chest X-ray Dataset
Creators: name: Tang, Siyi
name: Ghorbani, Amirata
name: Yamashita, Rikiya
name: Rehman, Sameer
name: Dunnmon, Jared A.
name: Zou, James
name: Rubin, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The reliability of machine learning models can be compromised when trained on low quality data. Many large-scale medical imaging datasets contain low quality labels extracted from sources such as medical reports. Moreover, images within a dataset may have heterogeneous quality due to artifacts and biases arising from equipment or measurement errors. Therefore, algorithms that can automatically identify low quality data are highly desired. In this study, we used data Shapley, a data valuation metric, to quantify the value of training data to the performance of a pneumonia detection algorithm in a large chest X-ray dataset. We characterized the effectiveness of data Shapley in identifying low quality versus valuable data for pneumonia detection. We found that removing training data with high Shapley values decreased the pneumonia detection performance, whereas removing data with low Shapley values improved the model performance. Furthermore, there were more mislabeled examples in low Shapley value data and more true pneumonia cases in high Shapley value data. Our results suggest that low Shapley value indicates mislabeled or poor quality images, whereas high Shapley value indicates data that are valuable for pneumonia detection. Our method can serve as a framework for using data Shapley to denoise large-scale medical imaging datasets.
The ESCRT machinery counteracts Nesprin-2G-mediated mechanical forces during nuclear envelope repair.
Creators: name: Wallis, Samuel S
name: Ventimiglia, Leandro N
name: Otigbah, Evita
name: Infante, Elvira
name: Cuesta-Geijo, Miguel Angel
name: Kidiyoor, Gururaj Rao
name: Carbajal, M Alejandra
name: Fleck, Roland A
name: Foiani, Marco
name: Garcia-Manyes, Sergi
name: Martin-Serrano, Juan
name: Agromayor, Monica
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biochemistry & Proteomics
Imaging
Structural Biology & Biophysics
Cell Biology

description: Transient nuclear envelope ruptures during interphase (NERDI) occur due to cytoskeletal compressive forces at sites of weakened lamina, and delayed NERDI repair results in genomic instability. Nuclear envelope (NE) sealing is completed by endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. A key unanswered question is how local compressive forces are counteracted to allow efficient membrane resealing. Here, we identify the ESCRT-associated protein BROX as a crucial factor required to accelerate repair of the NE. Critically, BROX binds Nesprin-2G, a component of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex (LINC). This interaction promotes Nesprin-2G ubiquitination and facilitates the relaxation of mechanical stress imposed by compressive actin fibers at the rupture site. Thus, BROX rebalances excessive cytoskeletal forces in cells experiencing NE instability to promote effective NERDI repair. Our results demonstrate that BROX coordinates mechanoregulation with membrane remodeling to ensure the maintenance of nuclear-cytoplasmic compartmentalization and genomic stability.
Visualization of Smoke and Fire Data Based on the Fire Dynamics Simulation Model
Creators: name: Shin, Taekyu
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: Computer Graphics
Fire Smoke Rendering
Global Illumination
Volume Rendering

description: This thesis presents a technique to visualize smoke and fire data generated from the NIST Fire Dynamics Simulation model using Monte-Carlo single and multiple scattering. I use established physics to extract the necessary data to visualize the smoke. The major challenge in smoke rendering with the fire simulation data is that the simulation resolution is not high enough for the visual effects of radiation occlusion. Standard volume lighting methods do not work well for fire since extensive areas can radiate as light sources, making the rendering prohibitively expensive. The proposed concepts of voxel lighting and spherical lighting mimic blackbody radiation in a unit area, approximating area diffuse lights with a sampling of point lights. I address this computational challenge with a selective light sampling scheme based on distance for fire smoke, and additionally with importance sampling of multiple scattering directions. This thesis also provides some analysis of a multiple scattering scheme based on Metropolis-Hasting sampling.
Efficient Local Algorithms for Distributed Data Mining in Large Scale Peer to Peer Environments: A Deterministic Approach
Creators: name: Bhaduri, Kanishka
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer Science(0984)
data mining
peer-to-peer
local algorithms
distributed deterministic computation

description: Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems such as Gnutella, Napster, e-Mule, Kazaa, and Freenet are increasingly becoming popular for many applications that go beyond downloading music files without paying for it. Examples include P2P systems for network storage, web caching, searching and indexing of relevant documents and distributed network-threat analysis. These environments are rich in data and this data, if mined, can provide valuable source of information. Mining the web cache of users, for example, may often give information about their browsing patterns leading to efficient searching, resource utilization, query routing and more. However, most of the off-the-shelf data analysis techniques are designed for centralized applications where the entire data is stored in a single location. These techniques do not work in a highly decentralized, distributed environment such as a P2P network. We need distributed data mining algorithms that are fundamentally local, scalable, decentralized, asynchronous and anytime to solve this problem. This research proposes em>DeFraLC
Perspectives: Quantum Mechanics on Phase Space
Creators: name: Brooke, J. A.
name: Schroeck, F. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The basic ideas in the theory of quantum mechanics on phase space are illustrated through an introduction of generalities, which seem to underlie most if not all such formulations and follow with examples taken primarily from kinematical particle model descriptions exhibiting either Galileian or Lorentzian symmetry. The structures of fundamental importance are the relevant (Lie) groups of symmetries and their homogeneous (and associated) spaces that, in the situations of interest, also possess Hamiltonian structures. Comments are made on the relation between the theory outlined and a recent paper by Carmeli, Cassinelli, Toigo, and Vacchini.
description: "Quantum Structures 2004" - Meeting of the International Quantum Structures Association; Denver, Colorado; 17-22 July, 2004
Event-by-event study of DCC-like fluctuation in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions
Creators: name: Aggarwal, M. M.
name: Sood, G.
name: Viyogi, Y. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method based on sliding window scheme is developed to search for patches in the pseudorapidity-azimuth plane, on an event-by-event basis, having unusual fluctuation in the neutral pion fraction which may arise due to the formation of Disoriented Chrial Condensates (DCC) in high energy nuclear collisions. The efficiency of the method to extract the patches and the purity of the extracted sample are studied for possible experimental situations.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Efficient Failure Recovery in WSNs through Active Spare Designation
Creators: name: Vaidya, Ketaki
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010
Subjects: Connectivity restoration
Fault-tolerance
Node repositioning
Sensor networks

description: A sensor network is composed of a set of mobile nodes deployed in an area of interest in order to collectively monitor suspicious activities, perform surveillance tasks.  Collaboration needs frequent inter-node interaction and requires strong network connectivity. A sudden node failure may make nodes unreachable causing the network to partition. The loss of a node results in a degraded coverage in certain area, and can thus negatively affect the network operation. Traditional recovery approaches pursue node repositioning upon the detection of the failure in order to reestablish connectivity. Unlike these reactive recovery approaches, this thesis argues that some pre-failure planning would facilitate and expedite the recovery process. The idea is to find spare nodes inside a network that can volunteer to replace the failed node. A spare node is designated based on the contribution of a node to the network coverage and connectivity. When a failure is detected, the most suitable active spare is called to replace the dead node and the network topology is adjusted through a series of cascaded motion. The proposed approach is validated through simulation.
Icelandic craft teachers’ curriculum identity as reflected in life histories
Creators: name: Helgadóttir, Guðrún
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This is a study of the curriculum identity of Icelandic craft teachers. The study is based on life history interviews with 42 teachers born between 1913 and 1960. The interviews traced a life long relationship with the subject they chose to teach. Particular attention was paid to how the teachers define their subject and how they identify with it. The information gathered was analyzed with reference to the development of crafts as school subjects in Iceland. The study describes in context the relationship that teachers have with their subjects and attempts to explain it in terms of gender and class. The curriculum identity of the teacher of these subjects is crucial as the subjects are not defined by external means such as a prescriptive formal curriculum or centralized assessment. Each teacher is therefore able to construct a personal curriculum. The curriculum identity of craft teachers is defined by gender and class. The Icelandic school system includes two craft subjects; textiles formerly know as girls' craft, and wood and metalwork, formerly known as boys' craft. In the late seventies the gender segregation was abolished by a policy of equal access to education. Still the subjects retain a gendered definition. This study details the strength of gendered traditions and the complex effects of gender equity policies. Class refers here to the hierarchy of academic and vocational, or intellectual/manual pursuits. Western school systems operate on a dichotomy between mind and matter, where association with matter and the manual is less prestigious. The life histories of craft teachers manifest the effects, as the teachers perceive themselves as a low status group within the school system. The composite life histories of this group of craft teachers outline the history of the school subjects in Iceland, a history that has not been documented. The main contribution of the study is to the definition of curriculum identity, the way in which teachers define themselves and are defined by the subjects they teach. The evidence given by these teachers suggests that teachers tend to see their curriculum identity as deeply rooted in their personal history, even in their family history.
EBIDS-SENLP: A System to Detect Social Engineering Email Using Natural Language Processing
Creators: name: Stone, Allen
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer Science (0984)

description: EBIDS-SENLP is an Ontology-Based Intrusion Detection System that uses natural language themes, specifically manipulative themes for the purpose of social engineering (online fraud), to detect such manipulation in email text.  The project includes a performance test against two industry standard intrusion detection systems, Snort and SpamAssassin, to see if the new approach is feasible and how it performs initially.  The project features a novel algorithmic approach to detection of malicious content by utilizing the natural language processing capabilities of the UMBC ILIT Laboratory's OntoSem project to parse and understand the email text, to ferret out the concepts of manipulation in the emails.  This project was shown to present an immediate value to network defense, because, although it was outperformed by SpamAssassin in testing, it still showed an impressive 75% detection rate with only four detection rules in its signature set and a very low 1.9% false-positive rate.
Copyright Guidelines - How to acknowledge and be acknowledged in training material
Creators: name: Schütz, Frédéric
name: Parisato, Clement
name: Di Cola, Valeria
name: Zahn, Monique
name: Palagi, Patricia M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Resources
Training Materials
Open
FAIR principles
Life sciences
Copyright
Contribution
Acknowledgement
Recognition

description: These guidelines aim to introduce basic principles for content reuse and redistribution from the perspective of Swiss legislation, clear the most common misconceptions on this topic, and address any questions the reader might have. Furthermore, these guidelines were developed in the context of SIB Training but can be useful to anyone who wishes to develop training material. In the first section, these guidelines focus on and outline the different resources that you can use in your trainings materials (I). In a second section, we will take a closer look at Creative Commons licences (II) so that trainers can decide how to license their training materials (III).
Ökumene leben. Zum 90. Geburtstag von Theodor Schneider
Creators: name: Sattler, Dorothea
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 69 Nr. 4 (2020): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 69, Heft 4
Enabling Reproducibility of Scientific Data Flows Through Tracking and Representation of Provenance
Creators: name: Tilmes, Curt
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2011
Subjects: Equivalence
Provenance
Reproducibility

description: Reproducibility of results is a key tenet of science. Some modern scientific domains, such as Earth Science, have become computationally complicated and, particularly with the advent of higher resolution space based remote sensing platforms, tremendously data intensive. Over the last few decades, these complexities along with the the rapid advancement of the state of the art confound the goal of scientific transparency. This thesis explores concepts of data identification, organization, equivalence and reproducibility for such data intensive scientific processing. It presents a conceptual model useful for describing and representing data provenance suitable for very precise data and processing identification. It presents algorithms for creating and maintaining precise dataset membership and provenance equivalence at various degrees of granularity and data aggregation. This model will be described and demonstrated first with a simple example, then in a more complicated example based on the real-world operational scenario of NASA Ozone Monitoring Instrument data processing system. Application of the model will allow more specific data citations in scientific literature based on large datasets and the data provenance equivalence. Our provenance representations will enable independent reproducibility required by scientific transparency. Increasing transparency will contribute to understanding, and ultimately, credibility of scientific results.
Time variation of proton-electron mass ratio and fine structure constant with runaway dilaton
Creators: name: Chiba, Takeshi
name: Kobayashi, Tatsuo
name: Yamaguchi, Masahide
name: Yokoyama, Jun'ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent astrophysical observations indicate that the proton-electron mass ratio and the fine structure constant have gone through nontrivial time evolution. We discuss their time variation in the context of a dilaton runaway scenario with gauge coupling unification at the string scale $M_{\rm s}$. We show that the choice of adjustable parameters allows them to fit the same order magnitude of both variations and their (opposite) signs in such a scenario.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Binary Black-box Evasion Attacks Against Deep Learning-based Static Malware Detectors with Adversarial Byte-Level Language Model
Creators: name: Ebrahimi, Mohammadreza
name: Zhang, Ning
name: Hu, James
name: Raza, Muhammad Taqi
name: Chen, Hsinchun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Anti-malware engines are the first line of defense against malicious software. While widely used, feature engineering-based anti-malware engines are vulnerable to unseen (zero-day) attacks. Recently, deep learning-based static anti-malware detectors have achieved success in identifying unseen attacks without requiring feature engineering and dynamic analysis. However, these detectors are susceptible to malware variants with slight perturbations, known as adversarial examples. Generating effective adversarial examples is useful to reveal the vulnerabilities of such systems. Current methods for launching such attacks require accessing either the specifications of the targeted anti-malware model, the confidence score of the anti-malware response, or dynamic malware analysis, which are either unrealistic or expensive. We propose MalRNN, a novel deep learning-based approach to automatically generate evasive malware variants without any of these restrictions. Our approach features an adversarial example generation process, which learns a language model via a generative sequence-to-sequence recurrent neural network to augment malware binaries. MalRNN effectively evades three recent deep learning-based malware detectors and outperforms current benchmark methods. Findings from applying our MalRNN on a real dataset with eight malware categories are discussed.
description: Accepted in 35th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Workshop on Robust, Secure, and Efficient Machine Learning (RSEML)
Periodic structure of spin-transfer current in ferromagnetic multilayers
Creators: name: Levin, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the drift-diffusion mechanism in a normal-metal layer in combination with the resonance electron-magnon interactions at ferromagnet-normal interface of F-N-F heterostucture creates spatial instability modes and, out of these modes, a quasi-stable periodic structure of spin-transfer d.c. current can arise with certain channel step and step-to-radius ratio. The ferromagnetic resonance conditions determine spin-transfer current density. Independent nano-oscillators creating intersecting arrays of channels can phase-lock on sub-micrometer distance, which depends on multilayer geometry and applied fields. By decreasing the layer thickness, the number of channels affected by each independent d.c.-current source and their radius may be diminished. Phase-locking of multiple independent nano-oscillators can be used for enhancement of output power.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Empowering Scientific Discovery by Distributed Data Mining on the Grid Infrastructure
Creators: name: Dutta, Haimonti
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2008
Subjects: Distributed Data Mining on Grid
CyberEnabled Discovery
Data Mining on Astronomy Catalogs
Computer Science (0984)

description: The grid-based computing paradigm has attracted much attention in recent years. The sharing of distributed computing resources (such as software, hardware, data, sensors, etc)  is an important aspect of grid computing. Computational Grids focus on methods for handling compute intensive tasks while Data Grids are geared toward data-intensive computing. Grid-based computing has been put to use in several scientific disciplines such as astronomy, engineering, climate studies, ecology, biology and health sciences.  For example, in astronomy, breakthroughs in telescope, detector, and computer technology allow sky surveys to produce terabytes of images and catalogs which are typically stored in data grids. Extraction of meaningful knowledge from data grids require development of sophisticated data mining techniques. This dissertation investigates Distributed Data Mining (DDM) techniques for the grid infrastructure. We study the data grids in the astronomy domain as a representative example. The gigantic, heterogeneous, geographically distributed repositories of the astronomy sky surveys pose challenges to the data miner since most off-the-shelf data mining systems require the data to be downloaded to a single location before further analysis. This imposes serious scalability constraints on the data mining system and fundamentally hinders the scientific discovery process. In order to enable astronomers to tap the richness of sky survey catalogs, we describe a system for Distributed Exploration of Massive Astronomical Catalogs (DEMAC) which contains algorithms for distributed (1) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) enabling dimension reduction of correlated astrophysical parameters  (2) Outlier Detection for identification of ``interesting"" galaxies and (3) Classification of astronomical sources. The demand for catalog data from the astronomy community has been increasing fast. This has ushered in new mechanisms to support scalable performance. One such mechanism allows users to download and locally manage different parts of the overall repository resulting in partial images of the data in distributed environments. Collaboration amongst users with such personalized databases (MyDBs) results in the formation of distributed peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. We investigate strategies for data transfer and mining in peer-to-peer MyDB environments.
Resumptive and inanimate pronouns, questions
Creators: name: Koutouan, Evelyne
name: Jarvis, Rebecca
name: Russell, Katherine
name: Kouadio, Timothée
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: ebr

description: Checking causatives and unaccusatives (e.g. 'I broke the plate' vs. 'the plate broke'), focusing coordinated subjects.
Superconductor-insulator transition in capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires
Creators: name: Latyshev, Alex
name: Semenov, Andrew G.
name: Zaikin, Andrei D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate superconductor-insulator quantum phase transitions in ultrathin capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires with proliferating quantum phase slips. We derive a set of coupled Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless-like renormalization group equations demonstrating that interaction between quantum phase slips in one of the wires gets modified due to the effect of plasma modes propagating in another wire. As a result, the superconductor-insulator phase transition in each of the wires is controlled not only by its own parameters but also by those of the neighboring wire as well as by mutual capacitance. We argue that superconducting nanowires with properly chosen parameters may turn insulating once they are brought sufficiently close to each other.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
The influence of localized states charging on 1/f^α tunneling current noise spectrum
Creators: name: Mantsevich, V. N.
name: Maslova, N. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of theoretical investigations of low frequency tunneling current noise spectra component (1/f^α). Localized states of individual impurity atoms play the key role in low frequency tunneling current noise formation. It is found that switching "on" and "off" of Coulomb interaction of conduction electrons with one or two charged localized states results in power law singularity of low-frequency tunneling current noise spectrum 1/f^α. Power law exponent in different low frequency ranges depends on the relative values of Coulomb interaction of conduction electrons with different charged impurities.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Doubly Special Relativity: A New Relativity or Not?
Creators: name: Jafari, Nosratollah
name: Shariati, Ahmad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Double Special Relativity theories are the relativistic theories in which the transformations between inertial observers are characterized by two observer-independent scales of the light speed and the Planck length. We study two main examples of these theories and want to show that these theories are not the new theories of relativity, but only are re-descriptions of Einstein's special relativity in the non-conventional coordinates.
description: 5 pages, 1 figures, to appear in proceedings of ERE2005, the XXVIII Spanish Relativity Meeting, Oviedo, Spain
Imagining the curious time of researching pedagogy
Creators: name: Rasberry, Gary William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: What might becoming a poet have to do with becoming a teacher? What might becoming a teacher have to do with becoming a poet? Is it possible to invite someone to become a teacher or a poet? What might such an invitation look like? What kinds of conditions are involved in "making poetry"? What might these conditions have to do with "making pedagogy"? Further, what might these conditions — of making poetry or pedagogy — have to do with "making research"? Based on a study of a six-week intensive language across the curriculum course involving a group of prospective Secondary School teachers, this dissertation explores the kinds of conditions that might create an interpretive location in which to entertain and address the above kinds of questions — of the making of poetry and pedagogy and research — i n all their relations. Moving backward and forward — between the lived particulars of a group of preservice teachers' writing practices in a workshop-styled setting, and the writing practice of a researcher/teacher educator/poet curious about the acts of learning and teaching, writing and researching — this work attempts to live well with the necessarily tangled relationships among literacy, aesthetic practice, and the ongoing production of subjectivity in teacher education and our educational researchings of teacher education. The value of writing practice, as this dissertation attempts to enact it, is not only in its offer of further practice — of writing to learn (about writing and teaching and researching) — but also in its offer of a location where we might become curious about the performative nature of learning itself. The dissertation seeks to show the ways that my own writing life, shaped as it is by the work of those who have brought hermeneutics, postmodernism, psychoanalytic theory, and the literary imagination to bear on teacher education, is deeply implicated with other writing lives, others who are always and already writing lives. The invitation to imagine the curious time of researching pedagogy, then, is part of an invitation to think differently about preservice teachers thinking differently about their time together in classrooms, engaged in acts of learning and teaching, writing and researching.
High-harmonics and isolated attosecond pulses from MgO
Creators: name: Nourbakhsh, Zahra
name: Tancogne-Dejean, Nicolas
name: Merdji, Hamed
name: Rubio, Angel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of real-time ab initio calculations, we study the non-perturbative interaction of two-color laser pulses with MgO crystal in the strong field regime to generate isolated attosecond pulse from high-harmonic emissions from MgO crystal. In this regard, we examine the impact of incident pulse characteristics such as its shape, intensity, and ellipticity as well as the consequence of the crystal anisotropy on the emitted harmonics and their corresponding isolated attosecond pulses. Our calculations predict the creation of isolated attosecond pulses with a duration of ~ 300 attoseconds; in addition, using elliptical driving pulses, the generation of elliptical isolated attosecond pulses is shown. Our work prepares the path for all solid-state compact optical devices offering perspectives beyond traditional isolated attosecond pulse emitted from atoms.
Machine-Generated Hierarchical Structure of Human Activities to Reveal How Machines Think
Creators: name: Altın, Mahsun
name: Gürsoy, Furkan
name: Xu, Lina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep-learning based computer vision models have proved themselves to be ground-breaking approaches to human activity recognition (HAR). However, most existing works are dedicated to improve the prediction accuracy through either creating new model architectures, increasing model complexity, or refining model parameters by training on larger datasets. Here, we propose an alternative idea, differing from existing work, to increase model accuracy and also to shape model predictions to align with human understandings through automatically creating higher-level summarizing labels for similar groups of human activities. First, we argue the importance and feasibility of constructing a hierarchical labeling system for human activity recognition. Then, we utilize the predictions of a black box HAR model to identify similarities between different activities. Finally, we tailor hierarchical clustering methods to automatically generate hierarchical trees of activities and conduct experiments. In this system, the activity labels on the same level will have a designed magnitude of accuracy and reflect a specific amount of activity details. This strategy enables a trade-off between the extent of the details in the recognized activity and the user privacy by masking some sensitive predictions; and also provides possibilities for the use of formerly prohibited invasive models in privacy-concerned scenarios. Since the hierarchy is generated from the machine's perspective, the predictions at the upper levels provide better accuracy, which is especially useful when there are too detailed labels in the training set that are rather trivial to the final prediction goal. Moreover, the analysis of the structure of these trees can reveal the biases in the prediction model and guide future data collection strategies.