cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Numerical Study on Glass Stresses and Shear Deformation of Long Adhesive Joints in Timber-Glass Composites
Creators: name: Nicklisch, F.
name: Giese-Hinz, J.
name: Weller, B.
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: This study assesses the shear strength of long adhesive joints on mid-size specimens to resemble virtually a life-size situation in a typical timber-glass composite element. The specimens comprise a rectangular glass pane which is adhesively bonded along its vertical edges onto timber posts. The study focuses on three different adhesives ranging from flexible silicones to viscoplastic epoxies with a high stiffness. In the experiment, the adhesive joints are stressed in longitudinal shear and loaded until failure.The experiment is simulated using a numerical model of the specimen. The joint is described by basic material models taking into account linear or bilinear behavior of the adhesive material. The corresponding material properties of the adhesives were derived from uniaxial tensile tests on the cured adhesive. The stiff adhesive causes high stress concentrations close to the edge where the load is applied. More flexible joints lead to a more homogenous distribution since the shear loading result in higher compressive stresses in the lower parts of the glass pane. Finally, we compare the results from the experiment and the numerical simulation by means of glass stresses and shear deformation of the adhesive bond line. It can be shown that bilinear constitutive equations are an adequate approximation of the adhesive to determine the glass stresses in the pane. However, the deformations could not be reproduced for all adhesives in the same accuracy than the stresses.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 5 (2016): Challenging Glass 5
title: 03_0759
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Residual Stress in Glass Components
Creators: name: Rammig, L.
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: Architectural trends have tended towards curved glass envelopes and maximised transparency by reducing solid fixing areas. One approach towards transparent glass connections is a heat bonding process based on the principles of welding. This paper investigates the level of residual stress in soda lime silica and borosilicate glass caused by a heat-based connection or forming process. Nominal levels of residual stress prior to heat impact, directly after heat impact and after annealing will be measured on small-scale samples, utilizing a scattered light polariscope (SCALP). Material properties the large temperature range required for the heat bonding process have been identified to allow subsequent numerical modelling to verify the results obtained in this study.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 5 (2016): Challenging Glass 5
title: Estimates of the Sticky-Information Phillips Curve for the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom
Creators: name: Khan, Hashmat
name: Zhu, Zhenhua
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2002

description: Mankiw and Reis (2001a) have proposed a "sticky-information"-based Phillips curve (SIPC) to address some of the concerns with the "sticky-price"-based new Keynesian Phillips curve. In this paper, we present a methodology for the empirical implementation of the SIPC for closed and open economies. We estimate its key structural parameter—the average duration of information stickiness—for the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. The benchmark results (with forecasting horizons of firms of seven to eight quarters) indicate that: (i) the average frequency of information updates is four quarters in the United States, between four and five quarters in Canada, and over seven quarters in the United Kingdom, and (ii) the open-economy estimates for Canada and the United Kingdom are similar to the closed-economy ones. Mankiw and Reis (2001a) assume information stickiness of four quarters to generate inflation dynamics similar to that observed in the U.S. data. We interpret our estimates in terms of the slope of the Phillips curve. Our structural estimates can be used to calibrate dynamic general-equilibrium models for monetary policy analysis that use informational inertia to match the stylized facts on inflation dynamics.
description: Mankiw et Reis (2001a) ont proposé une courbe de Phillips à rigidité informationnelle pour résoudre certaines des difficultés posées par la courbe de Phillips des nouveaux économistes keynésiens. Dans leur étude, Khan et Zhu présentent une méthodologie d'application empirique de la courbe de Phillips à rigidité informationnelle en économie ouverte et fermée. Ils estiment le principal paramètre structurel de la courbe —la période moyenne de rigidité informationnelle — pour les États-Unis, le Canada et le Royaume-Uni. Les estimations de référence (fondées sur des horizons prévisionnels de sept à huit trimestres dans les entreprises) indiquent que : i) la périodicité moyenne des mises à jour de l'information est de quatre trimestres aux États-Unis, de quatre à cinq trimestres au Canada et de plus de sept trimestres au Royaume-Uni; ii) pour le Canada et le Royaume-Uni, les estimations en économie ouverte se rapprochent de celles en économie fermée. Mankiw et Reis (2001a) font l'hypothèse d'une rigidité informationnelle de quatre trimestres pour produire une dynamique de l'inflation semblable à celle qui ressort des données des États-Unis. Les estimations que Khan et Zhu présentent se rapportent à la pente de la courbe de Phillips. Leurs estimations structurelles peuvent servir à étalonner les modèles dynamiques d'équilibre général appliqués à l'analyse de la politique monétaire qui se fondent sur l'inertie informationnelle pour rendre compte des faits stylisés caractérisant la dynamique de l'inflation.
Experimental Investigation into the Strength of Single Sided Silicone Glazing Joints Under Blast Loading
Creators: name: Samieian, M.A.
name: Cormie, D.
name: Doebbel, F.
name: Smith, D.
name: Wholey, W.
name: Blackman, B.R.K.
name: Hooper, P.A.
name: Dear, J.P.
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: An experimental study has taken place to quantify the strength of single sided structural silicone glazing joints under blast loading. The structural silicone specimens in this experiment were tested using a high-speed servo-hydraulic test machine at varying rates, representative of that experienced in a blast. Tests were conducted at displacement rates of 1m/s, 2m/s and 4m/s. The load was applied at two different angles of 30° and 45°. The tests were carried out on samples with different bite depths. The load was measured and the strength of the silicone joint was calculated at different testing rates. For a given testing rate and loading angle, the strength was found to be constant for different bite depths. The strength also showed an escalation at higher displacement rates. For the loading angles tested, there was no correlation found between the angle of loading and the strength. Through the measurement of displacement during the test, the work done on the silicone joint was also calculated.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 5 (2016): Challenging Glass 5
title: Asset Allocation Using Extreme Value Theory
Creators: name: Bensalah, Younes
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2002

description: This paper examines asset allocation strategies in an extreme value at risk (VaR) framework in which the risk measure is the p-quantile from the extreme value distribution. The main focus is on the allocation problem faced by an extremely risk-averse institution, such as a central bank. The optimal portfolio in terms of excess return over the risk-free rate per unit of risk is also described.

An example of asset allocation is presented using a 1-year treasury bill and a 5-year zero-coupon bond. The allocation is conducted using different risk measures: duration, standard VaR, the quantile of the empirical distribution, and the quantile of the extreme distribution. An approximation procedure is described for the allocation of N-assets. An example of allocating eight Canadian treasuries and bonds is given (covering the whole Canadian term structure).

The implications of the results on optimal allocation of capital under stressed market conditions are discussed. Some practical issues concerning the use of the results are described, such as who should allocate capital based on extreme values.
description: L'auteur examine diverses stratégies de répartition de l'actif à l'aide d'un cadre d'analyse de la valeur exposée au risque dans lequel la mesure du risque est le quantile d'ordre p de la distribution des valeurs extrêmes. Il se penche principalement sur le problème de répartition auquel est confrontée une institution extrêmement réfractaire au risque, telle une banque centrale. L'auteur présente également le portefeuille « optimal », soit celui qui maximise l'excédent de rendement par rapport au taux sûr, par unité de risque.

L'étude propose l'exemple d'un portefeuille de bons du Trésor à 1 an et d'obligations coupon zéro à 5 ans réparti selon différentes mesures du risque : duration, quantile de la distribution normale, quantile de la distribution empirique et quantile de la distribution des valeurs extrêmes. L'auteur décrit une procédure d'approximation pour la répartition de N actifs. Un exemple fondé sur la répartition de huit obligations et bons du Trésor du Canada (couvrant l'ensemble de la structure des taux d'intérêt en place au Canada) illustre l'application de cette procédure.

L'auteur examine les implications des résultats pour la répartition optimale du capital lorsque des tensions s'exercent sur le marché. Il aborde également certaines questions pratiques soulevées par les résultats (p. ex. celle de savoir quels investisseurs devraient se fonder sur la théorie des valeurs extrêmes pour déterminer la composition de leur portefeuille).
MOESM6 of Development of a high-throughput screen to identify small molecule enhancers of sarcospan for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Creators: name: Shu, Cynthia
name: Kaxon-Rupp, Ariana
name: Collado, Judd
name: Damoiseaux, Robert
name: Crosbie, Rachelle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 6: Figure S4. Sarcospan reporter, gene, and protein levels increase similarly after treatment with positive control. Treatment with positive control, 1% insulin transferrin selenium (ITS), increased (a) reporter levels of hSSPN-EGFP reporter cells (n = 10–21), (b) SSPN mRNA in wild-type C2C12 cells, and (c-d) SSPN protein in wild-type C2C12 cells. Images of the hSSPN-EGFP cells were analyzed using a MetaXpress custom analysis module. Gene expression was calculated using the ddCt method and normalized to β-actin with vehicle control values serving as the calibrator sample. For immunoblot analysis, total cell lysate was probed with anti-SSPN antibody. GAPDH is shown as a loading control. Quantification for immunoblot shown in panel (d). All cells were treated at day 2 of differentiation and assayed at day 4 of differentiation. Data reported as fold change over vehicle-treated cells. *** p
Additional file 1 of Fresher with flavour: young women smokers’ constructions and experiences of menthol capsule cigarettes and regular cigarettes
Creators: name: E. Gilbert
name: A. Ewald
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Demographic survey for young women smokers.
MOESM7 of Development of a high-throughput screen to identify small molecule enhancers of sarcospan for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Creators: name: Shu, Cynthia
name: Kaxon-Rupp, Ariana
name: Collado, Judd
name: Damoiseaux, Robert
name: Crosbie, Rachelle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 7: Figure S5. hSSPN-EGFP construct is expressed in a cell-type specific manner. The hSSPN-EGFP plasmid was transfected into C2C12 murine myoblasts or RAW264.7 murine macrophages. At 48 h and 7 days post-transfection EGFP was detected in the myoblasts, but not the macrophages. Scale bar = 100 μm.
Failure Criteria for SentryGlas® Ionomer and TSSA Silicon: A Theoretical Introduction to a Novel Generalized Triaxial Model (GTM)
Creators: name: Santarsiero, M.
name: Louter, C.
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: SentryGlas® (SG) (a transparent ionomer from Kuraray) and Transparent Structural Silicon Adhesive (TSSA) (a transparent silicon from Dow Corning) are two of the adhesive materials used in laminated adhesive connections for structural glass applications. Although they have been used in several projects worldwide, failure criteria for these materials are currently not available in literature. This work gives an introduction to the theoretical development of a novel failure a criterion for TSSA and SG under varying stress state conditions. The main output of this work is a four-dimensional Generalized Triaxial Model (GTM) that accounts for a generic stress state by a governing equation expressed as a function of the three-dimensional stress tensor. Both deviatoric and hydrostatic energetic components are taken into consideration by means of a non-linear function of the two contributions. The effects of the model parameters are investigated by a parametrical study. The proposed model is then analytically compared to existing failure criteria. It is shown that many of the existing models available in the literature can be seen as particular cases of the proposed model. Although the GTM was theoretically developed specifically for SG and TSSA, the model can be generically used as failure criterion for many isotropic materials.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 5 (2016): Challenging Glass 5
Matching-based Depth Camera and Mirrors for 3D Reconstruction
Creators: name: Nguyen, Trong Nguyen
name: Huynh, Huu Hung
name: Meunier, Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reconstructing 3D object models is playing an important role in many applications in the field of computer vision. Instead of employing a collection of cameras and/or sensors as in many studies, this paper proposes a simple way to build a cheaper system for 3D reconstruction using only one depth camera and 2 or more mirrors. Each mirror is equivalently considered as a depth camera at another viewpoint. Since all scene data are provided by only one depth sensor, our approach can be applied to moving objects and does not require any synchronization protocol as with a set of cameras. Some experiments were performed on easy-to-evaluate objects to confirm the reconstruction accuracy of our proposed system.
Numerical simulation of the EN 12600 Pendulum Test for Structural Glass
Creators: name: Pelfrene, J.
name: Van Dam, S.
name: Kuntsche, J.
name: Van Paepegem, W.
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: In modern-day architecture, transparent glass units are omnipresent as large façades, windows, floors and balustrades. To ensure safety in an accident, glass panels must successfully pass the 'human impact' test, described by the international standard EN 12600. This test setup consists of a steel frame in which the test plate is clamped with prescribed force; and the pendulum impactor, hanging from a steel cable. The impactor weighs a total 50 kg and is built up from a rigid steel core to which two small tyres are mounted. The window panels are assigned a qualification number as they remain intact, fracture without losing integrity or fragment completely in impacts from different drop heights. As experimental testing is expensive and time-consuming, there is an interest in numerical modelling to predict a qualifying glass panel, which is already allowed by the German standard DIN 18008-4. Several modelling approaches allow the impact simulation for intact glass panels. This paper presents a detailed numerical model for the pendulum impact which enables realistic simulation of impactor, frame and test plate, to be valid also for the post-breakage safety assessment of laminated glass. The model shows good correspondence for static compression of the tyres and for impact against a pressure plate. Further comparison is made for the impact on a laminated glass panel that remains intact. Although less suited for structural design qualification, the detailed model can be used for future simulation of the post-breakage response of laminated glass panels.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 5 (2016): Challenging Glass 5
MOESM4 of Development of a high-throughput screen to identify small molecule enhancers of sarcospan for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Creators: name: Shu, Cynthia
name: Kaxon-Rupp, Ariana
name: Collado, Judd
name: Damoiseaux, Robert
name: Crosbie, Rachelle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 4: Figure S2. C2C12 myoblasts undergoing differentiation and fusion into myotubes. Confluent C2C12 myoblasts (day 0, D0) were switched from proliferation to differentiation media and imaged daily using phase contrast microscopy for 7 days (D1 to D7). Scale bar = 200 μm.
Statistical Topology of Bond Networks with Applications to Silica
Creators: name: Schweinhart, Benjamin
name: Rodney, David
name: Mason, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Whereas knowledge of a crystalline material's unit cell is fundamental to understanding the material's properties and behavior, there are not obvious analogues to unit cells for disordered materials despite the frequent existence of considerable medium-range order. This article views a material's structure as a collection of local atomic environments that are sampled from some underlying probability distribution of such environments, with the advantage of offering a unified description of both ordered and disordered materials. Crystalline materials can then be regarded as special cases where the underlying probability distribution is highly concentrated around the traditional unit cell. Four descriptors of local atomic environments suitable for disordered bond networks are proposed and applied to molecular dynamics simulations of silica glasses. Each of them reliably distinguishes the structure of glasses produced at different cooling rates, with the $H_1$ barcode and coordination profile providing the best separation.
description: Minor changes
A Comparison of Different Methodologies for PVB Interlayer Modulus Characterization
Creators: name: Stevels, W.
name: D'Haene, P.
name: Zhang, P.
name: Haldeman, S.
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: The proper measurement and interpretation of modulus data for glass laminate interlayers can be quite complex. The development of master curves using different deformation modes and the preparation of the samples for measurement can significantly affect the results. International standard ISO 6721, determination of dynamic mechanical properties, uses modulus as a primary criterion for method selection. The shear modulus of polyvinylbutyral (PVB) materials varies to a great extent, e.g. 1 – 400 MPa, over the temperatures and durations encountered for glass laminates in a building. We have evaluated the use of tensile and plate-plate geometries for a regular and a high rigidity (“structural”) PVB interlayer material, as well as torsion geometry for a structural PVB interlayer material. In some cases, datasets from different sources have been compared. This paper will discuss the results we obtained using different methodologies, and explore the effect with regards to positioning of the interlayers in the “stiffness families” and the associated shear transfer coefficients as in draft European norms prEN 16612 and prEN 16613.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 5 (2016): Challenging Glass 5
Additional file 2 of Fresher with flavour: young women smokers’ constructions and experiences of menthol capsule cigarettes and regular cigarettes
Creators: name: E. Gilbert
name: A. Ewald
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Interview schedule for young women smokers.
On the Applicability of the Weibull Distribution to Model Annealed Glass Strength and Future Research Needs
Creators: name: Kinsella, David T.
name: Persson, Kent
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: The applicability of the Weibull distribution to model the strength of glass, the existence of a size effect on the strength and the need for a non-destructive testing of the strength are discussed and reviewed. There are a growing number of studies that put into question the applicability of the Weibull distribution to model annealed glass fracture data. A recent study indicates that the breakage stresses are uncorrelated with the surface area, in violation of the size effect which entails the Weibull model. It is shown in this paper, however, that there is a size effect, as evidenced in an objective way by hypothesis testing using the likelihood ratio statistic. In numeric simulations it is shown that, given sample sizes of 30 specimens and the Weibull distribution being assumed, it is necessary to employ specimens which vary in surface area by a factor of about two at least, in order to detect the size effect with a success rate in excess of 0.95. To increase the use of soda-lime-silica glass in load-bearing components, however, there is a need for non-destructive testing methods, such as non-linear ultrasonic techniques. Non-destructive testing could be used not only to single out the weakest glass panes during manufacture, thus decreasing the variation in strength among as-received specimens, but also by other parties in the construction sector, such as in routine inspections on-site. Suitable stochastic models can be used together with such testing methods to develop a non-destructive strength grading of glass products.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 5 (2016): Challenging Glass 5
MOESM5 of Development of a high-throughput screen to identify small molecule enhancers of sarcospan for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Creators: name: Shu, Cynthia
name: Kaxon-Rupp, Ariana
name: Collado, Judd
name: Damoiseaux, Robert
name: Crosbie, Rachelle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 5: Figure S3. Summary of gene expression of myofiber membrane adhesion complex members during C2C12 differentiation. Expression of individual genes encoding protein components of the three major adhesion complexes (DGC, UGC, and α7β1D-integrin complex) were investigated, including: (a) SSPN, sarcospan; (b) DMD, dystrophin; (c) UTRN, utrophin; (d) DAG, dystroglycan, (e) SCGA, α-sarcoglycan; (f) SCGB, β-sarcoglycan; (g) ITGA7, α7 integrin; and (h) ITGB1, β1D integrin. Gene expression was calculated using the ddCt method and normalized to β-actin with day 0 (myoblast) values serving as the calibrator sample (n = 3). R.U., relative units.
Dynamics of an anisotropic Haldane antiferromagnet in strong magnetic field
Creators: name: Zheludev, A.
name: Shapiro, S. M.
name: Honda, Z.
name: Katsumata, K.
name: Grenier, B.
name: Ressouche, E.
name: Regnault, L. -P.
name: Chen, Y.
name: Vorderwisch, P.
name: Mikeska, H. -J.
name: Kolezhuk, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of elastic and inelastic neutron scattering experiments on the Haldane gap quantum antiferromagnet Ni(C5D14N2)2N3(PF6) performed at mK temperatures in a wide range of magnetic field applied parallel to the S = 1 spin chains. Even though this geometry is closest to an ideal axially symmetric configuration, the Haldane gap closes at the critical field Hc~4T, but reopens again at higher fields. The field dependence of the two lowest magnon modes is experimentally studied and the results are compared with the predictions of several theoretical models. We conclude that of several existing theories, only the recently proposed model [Zheludev et al., cond-mat/0301424 ] is able to reproduce all the features observed experimentally for different field orientations.
description: 11 pages 8 figures submitted to Phys. Rev. B
The Challenges of Writing a Structural Standard for Glass
Creators: name: Green, R.
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: Glass has been used as a prized construction material for centuries. Typically it has been used as a window infill, initially designed empirically where thickness available was adequate for the sizes available. As technology has proceeded, the size of glass available has increased by orders of magnitudes and standards have been written to guide the design in windows. Glass remains unique amongst the construction materials, that failure and replacement is considered an acceptable price to pay for the transparency of glass. The same logic has, however, limited the use of glass as a ‘structural’ material, despite the numerous built examples of it performing adequately. If it is acceptable for glass to break and collapse in some circumstances and not others, how does a standard define that boundary? The challenges for standardization are both numerical and philosophical. The means of forcing glass to behave with a robust manner with failure mechanisms that incorporate redundancy and retention generally comes through lamination. But the question is what to require when? Additionally, the performance of the glass in the composite is stress-time dependent and the stress itself is load-time-temperature dependent. This paper describes the philosophical and numerical challenges to writing a structural glass standard, the concepts of glass importance factor, post-failure loads and durations and progress that has been made in the drafting of an ASTM Guide to the Design of Structural Glass.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 5 (2016): Challenging Glass 5
Additional file 1 of The effect of fibrinoid necrosis on the clinical features and outcomes of primary IgA nephropathy
Creators: name: Chen, Hongshan
name: Liu, Youxia
name: Wei, Li
name: Wang, He
name: Zheng, Zhenfeng
name: Yan, Tiekun
name: Jia, Junya
name: Li, Dong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. Multivariate effect of the presence of glomeruli with FN lesions on survival from combined event. Supplemental Table 2. Multivariate effect of the fraction of glomeruli with FN lesions on survival from combined event.
A Puzzling X-Ray Source Found in the chandra Deep Field South
Creators: name: Wang, J.
name: Yaqoob, T.
name: Szokoly, G.
name: Gilli, R.
name: Kewley, L.
name: Mainieri, V.
name: Nonino, M.
name: Rosati, P.
name: Tozzi, P.
name: Zheng, W.
name: Zirm, A.
name: Norman, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we report the detection of an extremely strong X-ray emission line in the 940ks chandra ACIS-I spectrum of CXO CDFS J033225.3-274219. The source was identified as a Type1 AGN at redshift of z = 1.617, with 2.0 -- 10.0 keV rest frame X-ray luminosity of ~ 10^44 ergs s^-1. The emission line was detected at 6.2^{+0.2}_{-0.1} keV, with an equivalent width (EW) of 4.4^{+3.2}_{-1.4} keV, both quantities referring to the observed frame. In the rest frame, the line is at 16.2^{+0.4}_{-0.3} keV with an EW of 11.5^{+8.3}_{-3.7} keV. An X-ray emission line at similar energy (~ 17 keV, rest frame) in QSO PKS 2149-306 was discovered before using ASCA data. We reject the possibility that the line is due to a statistical or instrumental artifact. The line is most likely due to blueshifted Fe-K emission from an relativistic outflow, probably an inner X-ray jet, with velocities of the order of ~ 0.6-0.7c. Other possible explanations are also discussed.
Rapid Variability in the SOL2011-08-04 Flare: Implications for Electron Acceleration
Creators: name: Altyntsev, Alexander T.
name: Meshalkina, Nataliia S.
name: Lysenko, Alexandra L.
name: Fleishman, Gregory D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particle acceleration in solar flares remains an outstanding problem in solar physics. It is yet unclear which of the acceleration mechanisms dominates and how exactly is the excessive magnetic energy transferred to the nonthermal and other forms of energy. We emphasize, that the ultimate acceleration mechanism must be capable of efficiently working in the most extreme conditions, such as the shortest detected time scales and the highest acceleration efficiency. Here we focus on detailed multiwavelength analysis of a very initial phase of the SOL2011-08-04 flare, which demonstrated prominent short subpeaks of nonthermal emission during filament eruption associated with the flare. We demonstrate that the three-dimensional configuration of the flare, combined with timing and spectral behavior of the rapidly varying component, put very stringent constraints on the acceleration regime. Specifically, the rapid subpeaks are generated by short injections of nonthermal electrons with a reasonably hard, single power-law spectrum and a relatively narrow spread of pitch-angles along the mean magnetic field. The acceleration site is a compact volume located near the top of extended coronal loop(s). The electrons are accelerated up to several hundreds of keV promptly, with the characteristic acceleration time shorter than 50 ms. We show, that these properties are difficult to reconcile with widely adopted stochastic acceleration models, while the data inescapably require acceleration by a super-Dreicer electric field, whether regular or random.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures
Numerical investigation of the electrical conductivity of irradiated graphene
Creators: name: Kolesnikov, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transport properties of irradiated graphene (electrical conductivity and mobility) are numerically investigated using the real-space Kubo formalism. A micrometer-sized system consisting of millions of atoms with nanopores of various sizes and concentrations is described. Electrical conductivity and mobility as a function of carrier (hole) density are calculated to provide possible comparisons with experiments.
title: Entrepreneurial Risk, Credit Constraints, and the Corporate Income Tax: A Quantitative Exploration
Creators: name: Meh, Cesaire
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2002

description: This paper describes the positive effect that corporate income tax has on capital formation in the presence of liquidity constraints and uninsurable risk. The author uses a dynamic general-equilibrium model in which individuals choose whether to become entrepreneurs or workers. Workers save by holding corporate equity and therefore are subject to double taxation, as the return on their savings is taxed at both the corporate and personal level. Entrepreneurs, on the other hand, save by investing in their businesses and are taxed only at the personal level. This differential tax treatment results in an increase in capital accumulation because entrepreneurs must save in response to liquidity constraints and uninsurable risk. A calibrated version of the model is used to quantify the consequences of eliminating the corporate income tax. Interestingly, the removal of the corporate income tax decreases capital formation: by eliminating double taxation, the return on workers' savings increases, which in turn reduces the number of entrepreneurs. Consequently, the stock of capital decreases, since entrepreneurs have a higher marginal rate of saving than workers, as they save not only for life-cycle motives but to self-insure against business risk and to start and finance their businesses.
description: Dans cette étude, l'auteur décrit l'effet positif exercé par l'imposition des bénéfices des sociétés sur la formation de capital, dans un contexte de contraintes de liquidité et de risque non assurable. L'auteur utilise un modèle dynamique d'équilibre général dans lequel l'individu choisit de devenir travailleur ou entrepreneur. Les travailleurs investissent leur épargne dans des actifs financiers et sont en conséquence doublement imposés sur le revenu de celle-ci, d'abord au niveau de l'entreprise, ensuite au niveau personnel. Les entrepreneurs, en revanche, investissent leur épargne dans leur entreprise et ne sont donc imposés que sur le plan personnel. La différence de traitement fiscal se traduit par une augmentation de l'accumulation de capital parce que les entrepreneurs doivent se constituer une épargne afin de faire face à des contraintes de liquidité et de risque non assurable. Une version étalonnée du modèle a été utilisée pour quantifier les conséquences de l'élimination de l'impôt sur les bénéfices des sociétés. Il est intéressant de noter que l'élimination de cet impôt diminue la formation de capital. En effet, la suppression de la double imposition permet la hausse du rendement de l'épargne des travailleurs, ce qui fait baisser à son tour le nombre des entrepreneurs. Par voie de conséquence, le stock de capital décroît, car les entrepreneurs ont un taux marginal d'épargne supérieur à celui des travailleurs puisqu'ils doivent épargner non seulement pour des motifs liés au cycle de vie, mais aussi pour s'auto-assurer contre le risque inhérent à l'entreprise dont il leur faut également financer le démarrage et l'activité.
A NICER thermonuclear burst from the millisecond X-ray pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658
Creators: name: Bult, Peter
name: Jaisawal, Gaurava K.
name: Güver, Tolga
name: Strohmayer, Tod E.
name: Altamirano, Diego
name: Arzoumanian, Zaven
name: Ballantyne, David R.
name: Chakrabarty, Deepto
name: Chenevez, Jérôme
name: Gendreau, Keith C.
name: Guillot, Sebastien
name: Ludlam, Renee M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) has extensively monitored the August 2019 outburst of the 401 Hz millisecond X-ray pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658. In this Letter, we report on the detection of a bright helium-fueled Type I X-ray burst. With a bolometric peak flux of $(2.3\pm0.1)\times 10^{-7}$ erg/cm^2/s, this was the brightest X-ray burst among all bursting sources observed with NICER to date. The burst shows a remarkable two-stage evolution in flux, emission lines at $1.0$ keV and $6.7$ keV, and burst oscillations at the known pulsar spin frequency, with $\approx4$\% fractional sinusoidal amplitude. We interpret the burst flux evolution as the detection of the local Eddington limits associated with the hydrogen and helium layers of the neutron star envelope. The emission lines are likely associated with Fe, due to reprocessing of the burst emission in the accretion disk.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, submitted to ApJ Letters
title: The biodiversity of the Eocene Messel Pit
Creators: name: Smith, Krister T.
name: Collinson, Margaret
name: Folie, Annelise
name: Habersetzer, Jörg
name: Hennicke, Florian
name: Kothe, Erika
name: Lehmann, Thomas
name: Lenz, Olaf K.
name: Mayr, Gerald
name: Micklich, Norbert
name: Rabenstein, Renate
name: Racicot, Rachel
name: Schaal, Stephan F. K.
name: Smith, Thierry
name: Tosal, Aixa
name: Uhl, Dieter
name: Wappler, Torsten
name: Wedmann, Sonja
name: Wuttke, Michael
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2025

description: The Messel Pit is a Konservat-Lagerstätte in Germany, representing the deposits of a latest early to earliest middle Eocene maar lake, and one of the first palaeontological sites to be included on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. One aspect of Messel that makes it so extraordinary is that its sediments are rich in different fossilised organisms – microfossils, plants, fungi, invertebrate animals and vertebrates – that are rarely preserved together. We present an updated list of all taxa, named or not, that have been documented at Messel, comprising 1409 taxa, which represent a smaller but inexactly known number of biological species. The taxonomic list of Labandeira and Dunne (2014) contains serious deficiencies and should not be used uncritically. Furthermore, we compiled specimen lists of all Messel amphibians, reptiles and mammals known to us. In all, our analyses incorporate data from 32 public collections and some 20 private collections. We apply modern biodiversity-theoretic techniques to ascertain how species richness tracks sampling, to estimate what is the minimum asymptotic species richness, and to project how long it will take to sample a given proportion of that minimum richness. Plant and insect diversity is currently less well investigated than vertebrate diversity. Completeness of sampling in aquatic and semiaquatic, followed by volant, vertebrates is higher than in terrestrial vertebrates. Current excavation rates are one-half to two-thirds lower than in the recent past, leading to much higher estimates of the future excavation effort required to sample species richness more completely, should these rates be maintained. Species richness at Messel, which represents a lake within a paratropical forest near the end of the Early Eocene Climate Optimum, was generally higher than in comparable parts of Central Europe today but lower than in present-day Neotropical biotopes. There is no evidence that the Eocene Messel ecosystem was a "tropical rainforest."
Karl Pearson and the Logic of Science: Renouncing Causal Understanding (the Bride) and Inverted Spinozism
Creators: name: Stern, Julio Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62-03, 01-02, 03-03

description: Karl Pearson is the leading figure of XX century statistics. He and his co-workers crafted the core of the theory, methods and language of frequentist or classical statistics -- the prevalent inductive logic of contemporary science. However, before working in statistics, K.Pearson had other interests in life, namely, in this order, philosophy, physics, and biological heredity. Key concepts of his philosophical and epistemological system of anti-Spinozism (a form of transcendental idealism) are carried over to his subsequent works on the logic of scientific discovery. This article's main goal is to analyze K.Pearson early philosophical and theological ideas and to investigate how the same ideas came to influence contemporary science, either directly or indirectly -- by the use of variant theories, methods and dialects of statistics, corresponding to variant statistical inference procedures and their specific belief calculi.
Kinetic Anomalies in Addition-Aggregation Processes
Creators: name: Mobilia, M.
name: Krapivsky, P. L.
name: Redner, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate irreversible aggregation in which monomer-monomer, monomer-cluster, and cluster-cluster reactions occur with constant but distinct rates K_{MM}, K_{MC}, and K_{CC}, respectively. The dynamics crucially depends on the ratio gamma=K_{CC}/K_{MC} and secondarily on epsilon=K_{MM}/K_{MC}. For epsilon=0 and gamma<2, there is conventional scaling in the long-time limit, with a single mass scale that grows linearly in time. For gamma >= 2, there is unusual behavior in which the concentration of clusters of mass k, c_k decays as a stretched exponential in time within a boundary layer kk*. When epsilon>0, analogous behaviors emerge for gamma<2 and gamma >= 2.
description: 6 pages, 2 column revtex4 format, for submission to J. Phys. A
Connections in Glass
Creators: name: Kassnel-Henneberg, B.
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: Enclosed envelopes without any visible supporting structure or stairs which seem to float on air are the dreams of many architects and designers. Glass is one of the few materials that can allow this dream to become a reality. For this reason full glass structures can appear to be practically invisible and the observer experiences the wonderful sensation of seeing a floating, weightless and totally transparent structure, as if it's almost not there. To fulfill these demands but also to enable the integrity of the whole glass structure, the connections between the elements represent one of the most critical aspects for this type of glass design. These connecting elements represent the “remaining visible” parts and therefore these details become the central focus of interest when looking at an all glass structure. Simple borehole connections often do not satisfy the architect’s demands these days. In this article we will show a few of our recent all glass structures with a keen focus on the all important "connecting parts". There will be shown a solution with special glass treatment for a customized structure as well as applications for transparent glued connection elements which can be used by the industry in general product applications. The generalization of connecting details in the use of load carrying full glass structures could open new fields of application for full glass structures apart from the typical and well known façade industry.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 5 (2016): Challenging Glass 5
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Bending Strength of Glass
Creators: name: Castori, G.
name: Speranzini, E.
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: Annealed glass has a high compression resistance but it is fragile and its tensile strength is low due to the random distribution of surface flaws and impurities, which induce cracks without prior warning and each crack is regarded as a failure. This phenomenon is dependent on surface micro-defects in the glass due to inclusions within the glass or to scratches caused by normal use and by the shaping process. Classical four point bending tests are not suitable for glass plates, because of the test’s configuration, the maximum stress is reached on the plate edges where, due to the cutting process, the defects are more likely than on the internal part of the plate. A satisfactory way of overcoming this uncertainty is the use of coaxial double ring tests in which the maximum stress is reached approximately in the centre of the glass plate, far from the edges so that the ultimate strength is not influenced by the defectiveness of the cutting edges. This test provides good results when a uniform and equibiaxial state of stress in the core of the specimen is induced because the geometric non-linearities are less significant in this condition. The EN 1288-2 European standard proposes applying an additional overpressure during the load phase, to compensate the second-order effect, especially in the case of big specimens where the non-linearities are more significant. The application of the overpressure makes the test more difficult to perform and furthermore some authors have proved that the induced stress state is not uniform and equibiaxial. In this paper the first results of a bending strength investigation on glass plates are shown. This investigation consists of a numerical non linear analysis in which the geometric non linearity is considered. At the same time an experimental investigation is carried out using coaxial double ring tests in order to compare the results of the numerical analysis with experimental tests using glass plates with different thicknesses. This experimental campaign will provide new and useful information on how to perform an easy testing method to evaluate glass bending strength without the use of overpressure.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 5 (2016): Challenging Glass 5