cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Time reversed optical waves by arbitrary vector spatiotemporal field generation
Creators: name: Mounaix, Mickael
name: Fontaine, Nicolas K.
name: Neilson, David T.
name: Ryf, Roland
name: Chen, Haoshuo
name: Alvarado-Zacarias, Juan Carlos
name: Carpenter, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lossless linear wave propagation is symmetric in time, a principle which can be used to create time reversed waves. Such waves are special 'pre-scattered' spatiotemporal fields, which propagate through a complex medium as if observing a scattering process in reverse, entering the medium as a complicated spatiotemporal field and arriving after propagation as a desired target field, such as a spatiotemporal focus. Time reversed waves have previously been demonstrated for relatively low frequency phenomena such as acoustics, water waves and microwaves. Many attempts have been made to extend these techniques into optics. However, the much higher frequencies of optics make for very different requirements. A fully time reversed wave is a volumetric field with arbitrary amplitude, phase and polarisation at every point in space and time. The creation of such fields has not previously been possible in optics. We demonstrate time reversed optical waves with a device capable of independently controlling all of light's classical degrees of freedom simultaneously. Such a class of ultrafast wavefront shaper is capable of generating a sequence of arbitrary 2D spatial/polarisation wavefronts at a bandwidth limited rate of 4.4 THz. This ability to manipulate the full field of an optical beam could be used to control both linear and nonlinear optical phenomena.
Gambusia affinis
Creators: name: Hui, Tan Heok
name: Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok
name: Huan, Liew Jia
name: Wei, Low Bi
name: Hing, Rayson Lim Bock
name: Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik
name: Yeo, Darren C. J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Cyprinodontiformes
Poeciliidae
Gambusia
Gambusia affinis

description: Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard)
(Fig. 66, CA[SPC])
 Distribution. Pandan River (Ng & Lim, 1997b, based on a 1996 newspaper report); Pandan Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Bedok Reservoir (Anonymous, 2014).
 Remarks. These reported individuals are likely discarded pets. This species is common in the ornamental fish trade as juveniles (less than 10 cm). Once fishes reach sub-adulthood, they are typically too large to be accommodated in home aquaria and are conveniently discarded in public ponds and reservoirs (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010). Recently, an artificial hybrid between Phractocephalus hemioliopterus and Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum became available through the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.). This artificial hybrid can grow to a large size as both parental species exceed 90 cm in size, and introductions can be expected in the near future in the artificial water bodies in Singapore.
description: Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 170, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987
A morphological, glycohistochemical and ultrastructural study on the stomach of adult Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss
Creators: name: E. De Felice
name: A. Palladino
name: F. M. Tardella
name: D. Giaquinto
name: C. M. A. Barone
name: A. Crasto
name: P. Scocco
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: In this study the morphology, the conventional glycohistochemistry and the ultrastructure of adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) stomach is reported. For this purpose, stomach belonging to 10 adult female rainbow trout, weighting ~ 500 ± 20 gr and 32 ± 2.50 cm long, were collected and processed. Oncorhynchus mykiss has a siphonal stomach, with a J letter shape, showing a descending portion (cardiac region), an ascendant one (pyloric region), connected through the most represented middle portion (fundic region). Morphologically gastric wall shows an overlay of four typical vertebrate tunicae: mucosa, sub-mucosa, muscularis and serosa. Tunica mucosa, lacking of muscularis mucosae, is raised into longitudinal folds. The tunica propria submucosa is of considerable thickness and receives the bodies of many gastric glands whose lumen is lined with oxyntopeptic cells. Nervous cells, organized in ganglion, that can be compared to Mammals plexus submucosus, are noted. Glycohistochemistry was performed by staining with Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS), Alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5, AB pH 1 and AB-PAS. Histochemical analysis revealed a consistent presence of glycoconjugates produced by epithelial lining and gastric pit cells. Ultrastructural studies, performed at scanning electron microscopy, showed a mucosa that rises in folds with a geometrically well-defined shape and an abundance of gastric pits in the fundic region. Taken together our results integrate the anatomical description of rainbow trout stomach and will be helpful for future studies related to digestive physiology, development of appropriate feeding strategies and gastric disease control of this teleostean species.
Spirontocaris snyderi Rathbun 1902
Creators: name: Wicksten, Mary K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Hippolytidae
Spirontocaris
Spirontocaris snyderi

description: Spirontocaris snyderi Rathbun, 1902
(Fig. 23E, Pl. 3A)
 Spirontocaris snyderi Rathbun, 1902a: 894; 1904: 69, fig. 24. — Schmitt 1921: 54, fig. 31. — Holthuis 1947: 8. — Kozloff 1974: 166. — Word & Charwat 1976: 157. — Hayashi 1977: 158. — Butler 1980: 171. — Wicksten 1990b: 590. — Jensen 1995: 52, fig. 94. — Chace 1997: 57.
 Diagnosis (modified from Butler 1980). Rostrum deep, reaching end of antennular peduncle, with 8–10 dorsal, 3–5 ventral teeth, 3 or 4 dorsal teeth on carapace proper.
Dorsal spine on each of segments of antennular peduncle, stylocerite reaching end of first segment. Carapace with 2 supraorbital teeth. Pereopods 1, 2 with epipods. Pereopods 3–5 slender, merus of each bearing 3–4 spines, dactyls slender, bearing 4–6 spinules. Pleura of abdominal somites 1–3 rounded, 4, 5 with weak point. Telson with 3 or 4 pairs dorsolateral spines, acute apex. Male total length 18 mm, female to 24 mm.
 Color in life. Reddish brown, mottled with white, pink, silvery bands, spots (Jensen 1995, fig. 94). Mostly translucent with red bands on third maxillipeds, first pereopods; red lines on anterior carapace, tail fan; pink or red spots on eyestalk, posterior pereopods, abdomen (individual photographed off La Jolla Shores, California, K. Lee, pers. comm.)
 Habitat and depth. Usually on sand, or sand mixed with mud, rock; 4–355 m, may live among sand dollars (Dendraster excentricus). Most specimens from California were taken at 50–100 m.
 Range. Tasu Sound, Queen Charlotte Is., British Columbia to Cedros I., Baja California, Mexico. Type locality Monterey Bay, California.
description: Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 95
Buy Locally? Big-Box Stores and Time-Inconsistent Preferences
Creators: name: Novak, Lindsey
name: Novak, Lindsey
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Consumer Behavior
subject: Hyperbolic Discounting

description: The widespread closure of Mom-and-Pop shops, or small, locally owned stores, in the United States and elsewhere is a well-recognized phenomenon. These closures are generally met with dissatisfaction from the local community. These stores, however, often close due to a lack of patronage on the part of the same consumers who are upset by their closure. This behavior and subsequent disappointment are puzzling. I show that this phenomenon can be explained using a hyperbolic discounting, or time-inconsistency, framework. I develop a theoretical model to show that time-inconsistent consumers are less likely to patronize local businesses than time-consistent consumers. The sophistication effect, however, makes consumers more likely to shop at the local store than if they were naive. Further, I show that local stores are more likely to close in a community with a larger proportion of naive time-inconsistent consumers and that these closures cause a loss in welfare.
Geometrical model of massive spinning particle in four-dimensional Minkowski space
Creators: name: Kaparulin, D. S.
name: Lyakhovich, S. L.
name: Retuntsev, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the model of massive spinning particle traveling in four-dimensional Minkowski space. The equations of motion of the particle follow from the fact that all the classical paths of the particle lie on a cylinder whose position in Minkowski space is determined by the particle's linear momentum and total angular momentum. All the paths on one and the same cylinder are gauge equivalent. The equations of motion are found in implicit form for general time-like paths, and they are non-Lagrangian. The explicit equations of motion are found for trajectories with small curvature and helices. The momentum and total angular momentum are expressed in terms of characteristics of the path in all the cases. The constructed model of the spinning particle has geometrical character, with no additional variables in the space of spin states being introduced.
description: Submitted to Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Dynamic modeling of bundled tillage-crop choices: impact of soil erodibility on the interactions between continuous conservation tillage and crop rotations in Iowa
Creators: name: Tran, Dat
name: Kurkalova, Lyubov
name: Tran, Dat
name: Kurkalova, Lyubov
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Continuous conservation tillage
subject: Highly Erodible Land
subject: Quadratic programming
subject: Markov chain model
subject: Tillage-crop dynamics.

description: Recent agronomic and soil science research draws attention to the importance of continuous conservation tillage (CCT), as many environmental benefits of this conservation tillage are realized only when it is used continuously over a period of years. However, little is known about the dynamics of farmers’ tillage choices. To address the need for quantitative estimates of time patterns of tillage practices and the factors that affect the use of CCT, the paper to be presented develops and estimates a dynamic model of bundled tillage-crop choices for the state of Iowa. We develop a first-order, four-state Markov chain model of tillage-crop dynamics for corn and soybean production systems. We assume that matrixes of transition from one tillage-crop state to another could vary by county but remain stationary from 1992 to 1997, and use quadratic programming to estimate the transition matrix for each of the 99 counties in the state using county-average, year–and crop–specific tillage data from Conservation Technology Information Center for 1992-1997. Analysis of Variance of the estimated county-specific transition matrixes shows that CCT occurs more often on Highly Erodible Land (HEL) when compared to other cropland. Also, the county-average probabilities of rotational conservation tillage (RCT), i.e., the farming systems in which CT is rotated with conventional tillage systems, are higher in the counties that have higher proportion of HEL. In addition, we identified a significant effect of crop rotations on tillage dynamics: the cropland under corn monoculture is less likely to be in RCT when compared to land in corn-soybean rotation. The results of the study indicate that both natural conditions (soil erodibility) and other economic choices (crop rotations) affect farmers’ choices of CCT and RCT in Iowa.
Diffuse transport and spin accumulation in a Rashba two-dimensional electron gas
Creators: name: Inoue, Jun-ichiro
name: Bauer, Gerrit E. W.
name: Molenkamp, Laurens W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Rashba Hamiltonian describes the splitting of the conduction band as a result of spin-orbit coupling in the presence of an asymmetric confinement potential and is commonly used to model the electronic structure of confined narrow-gap semiconductors. Due to the mixing of spin states some care has to be exercised in the calculation of transport properties. We derive the diffusive conductance tensor for a disordered two-dimensional electron gas with spin-orbit interaction and show that the applied bias induces a spin accumulation, but that the electric current is not spin-polarized.
description: REVTeX4 format, 5 pages
Xiphophorus maculatus
Creators: name: Hui, Tan Heok
name: Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok
name: Huan, Liew Jia
name: Wei, Low Bi
name: Hing, Rayson Lim Bock
name: Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik
name: Yeo, Darren C. J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Cyprinodontiformes
Poeciliidae
Xiphophorus
Xiphophorus maculatus

description: Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther)
(Fig. 71, CA[SPC])
 Remarks. Fernando & Phang (1994) stated that this species had been very likely introduced as an escaped pet fish in the 1940s, and they easily hybridise with P. latipinna. This species is commonly sold as live feed in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.).
description: Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 172, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987
Dynamics and the Origin of Low-Mass Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster
Creators: name: Conselice, Christopher J.
name: Gallagher, John S.
name: Wyse, Rosemary F. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Early-type dwarfs are the most common galaxy in the local universe, yet their origin and evolution remain a mystery. Various cosmological scenarios predict that dwarf-like galaxies in dense areas are the first to form and hence should be the oldest stellar systems in clusters. By using radial velocities of early-type dwarfs in the Virgo cluster we demonstrate that these galaxies are not an old cluster population but have signatures of production from the infall of field galaxies. Evidence of this includes the combined large dispersions and sub-structure in spatial and kinematic distributions for Virgo early-type dwarfs, and a velocity dispersion ratio with giant ellipticals expected for virialized and accreted populations. We also argue that these galaxies cannot originate from accreted field dwarfs, but must have physically evolved from a precursor population, of different morphology, that fell into Virgo some time in the past.
description: Accepted to the ApJ. Full resolution version available at http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~chris/virgo.ps
title: Topology Discovery within the Bitcoin Network
Creators: name: Rosenblattl, Jakob
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Bitcoin
subject: Bitcoin network
subject: traffic analysis
subject: topology inference
subject: topology discovery
subject: network security

description: Bitcoin is the first decentralised digital currency, which to this day has a significant impact on the body of scientific literature, the global economy and to a certain extent even climate change. The topology of its underlying network is largely hidden; however, knowledge of it could on the one hand provide valuable insights into the state of the system and on the other hand aid in attacks against the network. Previous research on topology inference is either no longer applicable due to countermeasures implemented in the reference client or is otherwise impractical. In this thesis we present a method for finding the degree of a target Bitcoin node as well as the network addresses of a subset of its peers. Our technique exploits the gossip protocol around ADDR messages and consists of (1) connecting monitor nodes to as much of the Bitcoin network as possible, (2) sending ADDR messages containing unique marker addresses to target nodes, (3) recording the recurrence of each marker address at any monitor node, and (4) analysing the recorded samples. We estimate node degrees from the fraction of recurred marker addresses and calculate the probability of connection between two nodes from the delays between sending markers to one and receiving the same markers from the other node. We validated our techniques against simulated traffic data. Our degree estimation method was nearly unbiased and produced errors showing a standard deviation of 1.5 in an idealised model and errors showing a standard deviation of 3.6 in a more realistic one, although in both models the standard deviation of relative errors amounted to only 5 %. Using conservative classifier sensitivities, our connection inference method performed with a precision of 40 % and a recall of 99.8 % in the idealised model and both precision and recall of 56 % in the more realistic one. Using optimal sensitivities at the risk of overfitting, precision and recall come out to be 94 % and 98 % in the former model and 83 % and 47 % in the latter model. These findings suggest that cheap and moderately successful topology inference may be possible in the real Bitcoin network. More research is required to assess the effectiveness of our approach in greater detail. Nonetheless, Bitcoin developers are advised to consider adapting current countermeasures or implementing new ones if they want to ensure that the Bitcoin network topology remains obscured.
Spirontocaris truncata Rathbun 1902
Creators: name: Wicksten, Mary K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Hippolytidae
Spirontocaris
Spirontocaris truncata

description: Spirontocaris truncata Rathbun, 1902
(Figs. 23F, G)
 Spirontocaris truncata Rathbun, 1902a: 284; 1904: 67, fig. 22. — Holthuis 1947: 9. — Hayashi 1977: 158. — Butler 1980: 163, pl. 3C. — Wicksten 1984b: 246, fig. 4; 1990b: 590. — Chace 1997: 57.
 Diagnosis. Rostrum moderately deep, extending beyond antennular peduncle, with truncate apex, 7–9 dorsal, 3 or 4 ventral teeth. Carapace with 3 supraorbital teeth. Pereopods 1–3 with epipods. Pereopods 3–5 with spinose, bifid dactyls. Merus of pereopod 3, with 2 or 3 spines; pereopod 4, with 2 spines; pereopod 5, with no spines. Pleura of abdominal somites 1–3 broadly rounded, somites 4, 5 sharp-tipped. Telson with 4 or 5 pairs dorsolateral spines, tapering to acute apex. Male total length to 14 mm, female to 20 mm.
 Color in life. Carapace yellow-orange, with red-orange to deep red dots, posterior dorsal teeth of carapace dark brown, red dots on appendages, antennae; abdomen milkish with faint red dots on dorsal surface of third segment (Butler 1980: pl. 3C).
 Habitat and depth. Rocky reefs, in sponges, 37–92 m.
 Range. Gabriola Is., Strait of Georgia, British Columbia to SW of San Carlos Point, Baja California, Mexico. Type locality Hecata Bank, Oregon.
 Remarks. All records of this species come from subtidal rocky reefs and banks. One was hand-collected by a SCUBA diver between 37–55 m on a reef off Point Sur, California.
description: Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 95
Ogyrides alphaerostris
Creators: name: Wicksten, Mary K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Ogyrididae
Ogyrides
Ogyrides alphaerostris

description: Ogyrides alphaerostris (Kingsley, 1880)
(Fig. 24A)
 Ogyris alphaerostris Kingsley, 1880: 420, pl. 14, fig. 7.
 Ogyrides alphaerostris. — Williams 1981:144; 1984: 107, fig. 74 (extensive synonymy). — Carvacho & Olson 1984: 66, figs. 3 4. — Hendrickx & Wicksten 1987: 17. — Wicksten & Méndez 1988: 624. — Wicksten & Hendrickx 2003: 68.
 Diagnosis. Rostrum short, depressed, triangular, postrostral carina with 8–14 dorsal teeth flanked by row of setae on each side. Carapace with pterygostomian area obtuse. Eyestalk exceeding antennular peduncle by up to 2.5 times corneal length. Second segment of antennular peduncle longest, stylocerite with 2 strong terminal teeth, not exceeding first article of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite rounded, not reaching end of antennular peduncle. Pereopod 1 chelate, fingers gaping when closed. Carpus of pereopod 2 with 4 articles. Pereopods 3–5 slender, single spine on ischium, merus each of pereopod 3. Abdominal pleura rounded to obtuse. Telson with pair lateral spines posterior to lateral prominences. Female total length 16 mm, male not reported.
 Color in life. Mostly colorless, small red, yellow spots on appendages, eyestalk; red spots on uropods, sixth abdominal somite. The color notes are from a shrimp from Port Aransas, Texas.
 Habitat. Mud, fine sand to gravel, but usually in very fine sand mixed with silt or clay; mostly in subtidal areas, to 28 m.
 Range. Virginia to Brazil; southern California and western Mexico. Type locality Northampton County, Virginia.
 Remarks. Specimens from southern California were taken off Huntington Beach at 26–28 m on sand. Other specimens have been collected off Ventura County. Most specimens from western Mexico were collected in Van Veen grabs, suggesting that the species digs into the substrate. Questions remain as to whether populations in the Atlantic and Pacific are genetically distinct and therefore constitute separate species.
description: Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 96
Isogeometric Analysis for Surface PDEs with Extended Loop Subdivision
Creators: name: Pan, Qing
name: Rabczuk, Timon
name: Xu, Gang
name: Chen, Chong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65D17, 65D18, 65M60, 68U05

description: We investigate the isogeometric analysis for surface PDEs based on the extended Loop subdivision approach. The basis functions consisting of quartic box-splines corresponding to each subdivided control mesh are utilized to represent the geometry exactly, and construct the solution space for dependent variables as well, which is consistent with the concept of isogeometric analysis. The subdivision process is equivalent to the $h$-refinement of NURBS-based isogeometric analysis. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by solving various surface PDEs, such as surface Laplace-Beltrami harmonic/biharmonic/triharmonic equations, which are defined on different limit surfaces of the extended Loop subdivision for different initial control meshes. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed method has desirable performance in terms of the accuracy, convergence and computational cost for solving the above surface PDEs defined on both open and closed surfaces. The proposed approach is proved to be second-order accuracy in the sense of $L^2$-norm by theoretical and/or numerical results, which is also outperformed over the standard linear finite element by several numerical comparisons.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
Using the Futures Market to Lower the Farm Management Risks of Producing for Unknown Market Prices in the USA: A Farm Example of a Maize Hedger
Creators: name: Van Blokland, P.J.
name: Van Blokland, P.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper illustrates a simple hedging procedure for reducing the risk of investing in production. costs . by locking in a predetermined price range. The emphasis.is on planning and budgeting before committing resources to production. Success is measured as a return to management. The hedging methodology used in the paper is applicable to.any agricultural enterprise where basis is known. It is ·probably impossible to hedge successfally without a good · 'f.'nderstanding of basis.
Degree Bounds in Quantum Schubert Calculus
Creators: name: Yong, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M15; 05E05

description: Fulton and Woodward have recently identified the smallest degree of $q$ that appears in the expansion of the product of two Schubert classes in the (small) quantum cohomology ring of a Grassmannian. We present a combinatorial proof of this result, and provide an alternative characterization of this smallest degree in terms of the rim hook formula for the quantum product.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Inhibitory autapse mediates anticipated synchronization between coupled neurons
Creators: name: Pinto, Marcel A.
name: Rosso, Osvaldo A.
name: Matias, Fernanda S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two identical autonomous dynamical systems unidirectionally coupled in a sender-receiver configuration can exhibit anticipated synchronization (AS) if the Receiver neuron (R) also receives a delayed negative self-feedback. Recently, AS was shown to occur in a three-neuron motif with standard chemical synapses where the delayed inhibition was provided by an interneuron. Here we show that a two-neuron model in the presence of an inhibitory autapse, which is a massive self-innervation present in the cortical architecture, may present AS. The GABAergic autapse regulates the internal dynamics of the Receiver neuron and acts as the negative delayed self-feedback required by dynamical systems in order to exhibit AS. In this biologically plausible scenario, a smooth transition from the usual delayed synchronization (DS) to AS typically occurs when the inhibitory conductance is increased. The phenomenon is shown to be robust when model parameters are varied within a physiological range. For extremely large values of the inhibitory autapse the system undergoes to a phase-drift regime in which the Receiver is faster than the Sender. Furthermore, we show that the inhibitory autapse promotes a faster internal dynamics of the free-running Receiver when the two neurons are uncoupled, which could be the mechanism underlying anticipated synchronization and the DS-AS transition.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
A Comparison of the Efficiency of Proucers Under Collective and Individual Modes of Organization
Creators: name: Martin, Michael J.
name: Taylor, Timothy G.
name: Martin, Michael J.
name: Taylor, Timothy G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Production Economics
subject: Cooperative
subject: Technical and Allocative Efficiencies
subject: Stochastic Production Frontier
subject: Individual Versus Collective Production

description: This paper compares the technical and allocative efficiencies of collective and individual production systems. The producers under study are members of Honduran agrarian reform cooperatives who engage in collective and/or individual production of maize. Debreu-Farrell technical efficiencies are calculated relative to a stochastic production frontier. Allocative efficiencies are obtained from an analytically derived cost frontier. Results indicate that collective systems are slightly more efficient than individual production systems.
Sex-specific differences in spring migration timing of Song Thrush Turdus philomelos at the Baltic coast in relation to temperatures on the wintering grounds
Creators: name: M. Redlisiak
name: M. Remisiewicz
name: A. Mazur
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Environmental factors influencing the timing of bird migration frequently affect age and sex groups differently. We applied discriminant functions to determine the sex of adult Song Thrushes ringed during spring migration in 1968–2019 at Hel on the Polish Baltic coast. We aimed to determine any differences between the sexes in the timing of spring migration and changes in protandry, and to identify any relationships between migration timing and temperatures at the wintering grounds. We analysed relationships between the date of migration and the year and monthly mean minimum temperatures in December–February by sex, using multiple quantile regression for q10, q50 and q90 of spring passage. On average males migrated six days before females. Spring protandry increased over 1968–2019 and with warm winters. The sexes responded differently to winter temperatures, likely because of the species’ mating strategy. For males the warmer the winter, especially in February, the earlier spring migration began and the later it ended, prolonging its duration. The influence of February’s temperature on the beginning of males’ migration is likely explained by selective pressure for their early arrival to establish territories. The later end of their arrival with a warm winter might reflect more low-quality males surviving, and migrating later than high-quality males, than with cold winters. For females December and January temperatures had no effect on the beginning and the end of spring migration; but the warmer the February, the earlier migration started and the later it ended. Females probably benefitted from improved conditions in a warm February in two ways: early-arriving females maximized their breeding success with a chance to raise a second brood, and late-arriving females maximized their chances of surviving migration by prolonging fuelling and stopovers, which extended females’ arrivals.
Cuba: Overview of Foreign Agribusiness Investment
Creators: name: Ross, James E.
name: Mayo, Maria Antonia Fernandez
name: Ross, James E.
name: Mayo, Maria Antonia Fernandez
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: International Development
subject: Cuba
subject: Florida
subject: agribusiness
subject: investment
subject: trade
subject: economic association
subject: joint venture
subject: citrus
subject: tobacco
subject: sugar
subject: sugarcane
subject: African palm
subject: sunflower
subject: rice
subject: tomatoes
subject: vegetables
subject: processed foods
subject: agricultural inputs.

description: This paper provides an overview of current foreign investment in agriculture and related businesses in Cuba. Background information is included on the agribusiness investment climate, investment policy affecting agriculture and the legal framework for foreign investment. Information, to the extent available, is provided on specific investments in citrus, tobacco, sugar, non-export crops, and processed foods. Proposed projects and considerations for future agribusiness investments following removal of U.S. sanctions on trade and financial relations are discussed.
Optical Spectropolarimetry of SN 2002ap: High Velocity Asymmetric Explosion
Creators: name: Kawabata, K. S.
name: Jeffery, D. J.
name: Iye, M.
name: Ohyama, Y.
name: Kosugi, G.
name: Kashikawa, N.
name: Ebizuka, N.
name: Sasaki, T.
name: Sekiguchi, K.
name: Nomoto, K.
name: Mazzali, P.
name: Deng, J.
name: Maeda, K.
name: Aoki, K.
name: Saito, Y.
name: Takata, T.
name: Yoshida, M.
name: Asai, R.
name: Inata, M.
name: Okita, K.
name: Ota, K.
name: Ozawa, T.
name: Shimizu, Y.
name: Taguchi, H.
name: Yadoumaru, Y.
name: Misawa, T.
name: Nakata, F.
name: Yamada, T.
name: Tanaka, I.
name: Kodama, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spectropolarimetry of the Type Ic supernova SN 2002ap and give a preliminary analysis: the data were taken at two epochs, close to and one month later than the visual maximum (2002 February 8). In addition we present June 9 spectropolarimetry without analysis. The data show the development of linear polarization. Distinct polarization profiles were seen only in the O I λ7773 multiplet/Ca II IR triplet absorption trough at maximum light and in the Ca II IR triplet absorption trough a month later, with the latter showing a peak polarization as high as ~2 %. The intrinsic polarization shows three clear position angles: 80 degs for the February continuum, 120 degs for the February line feature, and 150 degs for the March data. We conclude that there are multiple asymmetric components in the ejecta. We suggest that the supernova has a bulk asymmetry with an axial ratio projected on the sky that is different from 1 by of order 10 %. Furthermore, we suggest very speculatively that a high velocity ejecta component moving faster than ~0.115c (e.g., a jet) contributes to polarization in the February epoch.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal (Letters)
Caribbean Community Agro-Economy and the GATT/WTO Rules on Agriculture: Imperitives for Subregional Growth and Development
Creators: name: Ballayram
name: Davis, Carlton G.
name: Ballayram
name: Davis, Carlton G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: CARICOM
subject: GATT/WTO
subject: Trade liberalization
subject: Welfare Gains
subject: Regional Development
subject: Policy Options.

description: This paper addresses the imperatives for accelerated growth and development in CARICOM countries, within the context of an evolving "new economic order", which has been manifested in the signing of the accord to the GATT/WTO Uruguay Round of Negotiations in April 1994. Against the backdrop of tensions, the Uruguay Round accord brought closure on a number of major trade reform issues. The accord, inter alia, aims for: 1) greater liberalization of trade, including agricultural trade, 2) consolidation of measures affecting import access and export competition under strengthened and more operationally effective rules, 3) monitoring, and enforcement of appropriate multilateral economic behavior, and 4) a competitive environment, by increasing discipline in the use .of direct and indirect subsidies and other distortions to agricultural trade. This paper develops a conceptual economic framework which we consider relevant and enlightening for analysis of the GATT/WTO rules, as they relate to CARICOM. A descriptive, analytical and diagnostic approach is then applied in an attempt to identify opportunities and challenges facing CARICOM countries as. they embrace market oriented policies and increase their participation in international trade. We argue that in the short run, CARICOM countries can still operate under the present status quo, based on the explicit recognition given by GATT/WTO to their special adjustment constraints. These countries must, however, pursue major new imperatives for growth and development in anticipation of the full effect of the new rules. Consistencies and inconsistencies between CARICOM trade rules/behavior and those of the GATT/WTO are identified. Also, suggestions are made regarding the adoption of appropriate structural and behavioral economic imperatives that appear to offer potential for strategically repositioning and reinserting CARICOM's agro-economy in the new economic order.
Measuring charge based quantum bits by a superconducting single-electron transistor
Creators: name: Kinnunen, J.
name: Torma, P.
name: Pekola, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-electron transistors have been proposed to be used as a read-out device for Cooper pair charge qubits. Here we show that a coupled superconducting transistor at a threshold voltage is much more effective in measuring the state of a qubit than a normal-metal transistor at the same voltage range. The effect of the superconducting gap is to completely block the current through the transistor when the qubit is in the logical state 1, compared to the mere diminishment of the current in the normal-metal case. The time evolution of the system is solved when the measuring device is driven out of equilibrium and the setting is analysed numerically for parameters accessible by lithographic aluminium structures.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys.Rev.Lett., RevTex4
Did the Paris Agreement Plant the Seeds of a Climate Consistent International Financial Regime?
Creators: name: Dasgupta, Dipak
name: Espagne, Etienne
name: Hourcade, Jean-Charles
name: Minzer, Irving
name: Nafo, Seyni
name: Perissin-Fabert, Baptiste
name: Robins, Nick
name: Sirkis, Alfredo
name: Dasgupta, Dipak
name: Espagne, Etienne
name: Hourcade, Jean-Charles
name: Minzer, Irving
name: Nafo, Seyni
name: Perissin-Fabert, Baptiste
name: Robins, Nick
name: Sirkis, Alfredo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: COP 21
subject: Paris Agreement
subject: Climate Finance

description: Finance has been critical to the development of interest and momentum concerning the Paris Agreement, which emerged from COP21. However, a quick scan of the accord could lead many to derive a disappointing picture because of the absence of practical commitments to financial devices that can limit the risks of climate change. We support the opposite view that the text marks a new departure by committing countries to “making financial flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development ». This was matched by parallel developments such as the Financial Stability Board’s launch of a new Task Force on climate disclosure. We argue that, further steps now need to be taken within the broader context of financing the new model of prosperity laid out in the UN Sustainable Development Goals (UN, September 2015). At a time of increasing financial uncertainty and inadequate investment in the real economy, putting in place a framework for financing the transition to a low-carbon, resilient model of development is now an economic imperative – and an immense opportunity. Mitigating the systemic risks of climate change while putting the global financial system on a path toward balanced and sustainable development, is in the long-term strategic interests of both industrialized and developing countries and we suggest what practical steps can be accomplished in a near future in this direction.
Constraining the Cosmological Constant from Large-Scale Redshift-Space Clustering
Creators: name: Matsubara, Takahiko
name: Szalay, Alexander S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how the cosmological constant can be estimated from redshift surveys at different redshifts, using maximum-likelihood techniques. The apparent redshift-space clustering on large scales (\simgt 20 \himpc) are affected in the radial direction by infall, and curvature influences the apparent correlations in the transverse direction. The relative strengths of the two effects will strongly vary with redshift. Using a simple idealized survey geometry, we compute the smoothed correlation matrix of the redshift-space correlation function, and the Fisher matrix for $\omm$ and $\oml$. These represent the best possible measurement of these parameters given the geometry. We find that the likelihood contours are turning, according to the behavior of the angular-diameter distance relation. The clustering measures from redshift surveys at intermediate-to-high redshifts can provide a surprisingly tight constraint on $\oml$. We also estimate confidence contours for real survey geometries, using the SDSS LRG and QSO surveys as specific examples. We believe that this method will become a practical tool to constrain the nature of the dark energy.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, submitted to ApJ Letters
Conservation Laws and Stability of Field Theories of Derived Type
Creators: name: Kaparulin, Dmitry S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the issue of correspondence between symmetries and conserved quantities in the class of linear relativistic higher-derivative theories of derived type. In this class of models the wave operator is a polynomial in another formally self-adjoint operator, while each isometry of space-time gives rise to the series of symmetries of action functional. If the wave operator is given by n-th-order polynomial then this series includes n independent entries, which can be explicitly constructed. The Noether theorem is then used to construct an n-parameter set of second-rank conserved tensors. The canonical energy-momentum tensor is included in the series, while the other entries define independent integrals of motion. The Lagrange anchor concept is applied to connect the general conserved tensor in the series with the original space-time translation symmetry. This result is interpreted as existence of multiple energy-momentum tensors in the class of derived systems. To study stability we seek for bounded-conserved quantities that are connected with the time translations. We observe that the derived theory is stable if its wave operator is defined by a polynomial with simple and real roots. The general constructions are illustrated by the examples of the Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillator, higher-derivative scalar field, and extended Chern-Simons theory.
description: 18 pages
Gossia ngaensis N. Snow 2020, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Snow, Neil
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Myrtales
Myrtaceae
Gossia
Gossia ngaensis

description: Gossia ngaensis N. Snow, sp. nov.
(Figs 18A-C; 19)
Resembling Gossia nigripes but with longer and flatter leaf blades (margins not recurved), and without an obtuse apex.
TYPUS. — New Caledonia. Grande Terre, South Prov., Île des Pins, Pic Nga near Kuto, 22°39’18.00”S, 167°27’24.98”E, c. 100 m, 14.VIII.1982, G. McPherson 4878 (holo-, MO [MO-3210881]; iso-, BISH fragment, NOU [NOU052879]).
REPRESENTATIVE HERBARIUM SPECIMEN. — No images currently available.
ETYMOLOGY. — Derived from Pic Nga, the locality of the type specimen.
DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT AND PHENOLOGY. — Known only from the type collection from Pic Nga near Kuto on Île des Pins (Fig. 19); in scrub over ultramafics along a creek, c. 100 m. Flowering August; fruiting August.
DESCRIPTION
Shrub
To 2 m.
Branchlets
Terete to strongly compressed; internodes> 5 mm.
Leaves
Coriaceous, 2 per node; petioles 3-5 mm, sometimes slightly sulcate; blades (2.8-)5.0-8.3 × 1.2-4.0 cm, elliptic, base cuneate, surface flat, margin flat to slightly revolute, apex broadly obtuse and sometimes slightly retuse, midnerve sulcate in lower half, secondary veins flush to slightly raised above, oil glands of lower surface dense and prominent.
Inflorescence
Of single flowers or simple cymes, terminal or axillary; extrafloral bracts absent.
Bracteoles
Unknown.
Hypanthium
4.5-7 × 4-5 mm wide (in fruit), obconic, surface smooth, glabrous; ovary apex glabrous.
Calyx
Lobes 5, 1.7-2.5 mm, broadly triangular to broadly rounded, sparsely short ciliate near apex, greenish.
Petals
c. 5 × 5 mm, glabrous above, glabrous to sparsely sericeous below.
Filaments
4-6 mm; anther sacs 0.4-0.6 mm.
Style
c. 5 mm, sparsely sericeous.
Fruits
5.5-7 × 5-7.5 mm, globular, base rounded, green (immature); seeds 1-2.
REMARKS
Gossia ngaensis sp. nov. allegedly was photographed on Pic Nga during September 2017 (G. Gâteblé pers. comm. 2018), but no voucher was taken and its identification was not confirmed. The species most closely resembles G. nigripes (see key for differences). It also resembles G. mandjeliaensis sp. nov., but its hypanthium is sericeous and it occurs on Massif du Panié on the northeast part of Grande Terre.
description: Published as part of Snow, Neil, 2020, A revision of New Caledonian Gossia N. Snow & Guymer (Myrtaceae), pp. 131-177 in Adansonia (3) (3) 42 (7) on page 162, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2020v42a7, http://zenodo.org/record/3877392
Processidae Ortmann 1896
Creators: name: Wicksten, Mary K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Processidae

description: Family Processidae Ortmann, 1896  Processids, known as night shrimps, resemble the lysmatids in having slender second pereopods with a multiarticulated carpus. Unlike in the lysmatids, the rostrum is short and slender, without teeth or with a bifid apex. The eye is large. At least one of the first pereopods is chelate. Pereopods 3–5 are long and slender. Processids are most common on sandy or muddy bottoms off beaches or in deeper areas, and are active at night.
 Schmitt (1921) reported only one species of processid, Processa canaliculata, from California. The specimens on which his account was based actually belong to two species: Ambidexter panamensis Abele, 1972 and Processa peruviana Wicksten, 1983. Only A. panamensis seems to maintain a reproducing population in the area.
description: Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 96
Poecilia velifera
Creators: name: Hui, Tan Heok
name: Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok
name: Huan, Liew Jia
name: Wei, Low Bi
name: Hing, Rayson Lim Bock
name: Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik
name: Yeo, Darren C. J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Cyprinodontiformes
Poeciliidae
Poecilia
Poecilia velifera

description: Poecilia velifera (Regan)
(Fig. 69, CA)
 References. Lim & Ng, 1990; Ng et al., 1993; Fernando & Phang, 1994; Ng & Lim, 1997a, 1997b; Tan HH et al., 2010; Yeo & Lim, 2010; Tan et al., 2013; Kwik & Yeo, 2015.
 Distribution. Cluny Road drain (Ng & Lim, 1997a); Kallang River (now part of Marina Reservoir; Tan HH et al., 2010); Bukit Batok Nature Park (Yeo & Lim, 2010); Bukit Brown (Tan et al., 2013).
 References. Munro, 1990; Ng et al., 1993.
 Distribution. Not known.
 Remarks. The records of this species are probably escapees from the ornamental fish trade (Munro, 1990).
description: Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 172, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987