cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ductile-to-brittle transition and yielding in soft amorphous materials: perspectives and open questions
Creators: name: Divoux, Thibaut
name: Agoritsas, Elisabeth
name: Aime, Stefano
name: Barentin, Catherine
name: Barrat, Jean-Louis
name: Benzi, Roberto
name: Berthier, Ludovic
name: Bi, Dapeng
name: Biroli, Giulio
name: Bonn, Daniel
name: Bourrianne, Philippe
name: Bouzid, Mehdi
name: Del Gado, Emanuela
name: Delanoë-Ayari, Hélène
name: Farain, Kasra
name: Fielding, Suzanne
name: Fuchs, Matthias
name: van der Gucht, Jasper
name: Henkes, Silke
name: Jalaal, Maziyar
name: Joshi, Yogesh M.
name: Lemaître, Anaël
name: Leheny, Robert L.
name: Manneville, Sébastien
name: Martens, Kirsten
name: Poon, Wilson C. K.
name: Popović, Marko
name: Procaccia, Itamar
name: Ramos, Laurence
name: Richards, James A.
name: Rogers, Simon
name: Rossi, Saverio
name: Sbragaglia, Mauro
name: Tarjus, Gilles
name: Toschi, Federico
name: Trappe, Véronique
name: Vermant, Jan
name: Wyart, Matthieu
name: Zamponi, Francesco
name: Zare, Davoud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Soft amorphous materials are viscoelastic solids ubiquitously found around us, from clays and cementitious pastes to emulsions and physical gels encountered in food or biomedical engineering. Under an external deformation, these materials undergo a noteworthy transition from a solid to a liquid state that reshapes the material microstructure. This yielding transition was the main theme of a workshop held from January 9 to 13, 2023 at the Lorentz Center in Leiden. The manuscript presented here offers a critical perspective on the subject, synthesizing insights from the various brainstorming sessions and informal discussions that unfolded during this week of vibrant exchange of ideas. The result of these exchanges takes the form of a series of open questions that represent outstanding experimental, numerical, and theoretical challenges to be tackled in the near future.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures, perspective on the workshop 'Yield stress and fluidization in brittle and ductile amorphous systems' held from January 9 to 13, 2023 at the Lorentz Center in Leiden
Searching for doubly charged Higgs bosons at the LHC in a 3-3-1 Model
Creators: name: Montalvo, J. E. Cieza
name: Cortez, Nelson V.
name: Borges, J. Sa
name: Tonasse, Mauro D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a peculiar version of the SU(3)L x U(1)N electroweak model, we investigate the production of doubly charged Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider. Our results include branching ratio calculations for the doubly charged Higgs and for one of the neutral scalar bosons of the model.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures
Enhanced Color Palette Modeling for Lossless Screen Content Compression
Creators: name: Och, Hannah
name: Uddehal, Shabhrish Reddy
name: Strutz, Tilo
name: Kaup, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Soft context formation is a lossless image coding method for screen content. It encodes images pixel by pixel via arithmetic coding by collecting statistics for probability distribution estimation. Its main pipeline includes three stages, namely a context model based stage, a color palette stage and a residual coding stage. Each subsequent stage is only employed if the previous stage can not be applied since necessary statistics, e.g. colors or contexts, have not been learned yet. We propose the following enhancements: First, information from previous stages is used to remove redundant color palette entries and prediction errors in subsequent stages. Additionally, implicitly known stage decision signals are no longer explicitly transmitted. These enhancements lead to an average bit rate decrease of 1.07% on the evaluated data. Compared to VVC and HEVC, the proposed method needs roughly 0.44 and 0.17 bits per pixel less on average for 24-bit screen content images, respectively.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables
Structure, superfluidity, and quantum melting of hydrogen clusters
Creators: name: Mezzacapo, Fabio
name: Boninsegni, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of a theoretical study of para-hydrogen and ortho-deuterium clusters at low temperature (0.5 K < T < 3.5 K), based on Path Integral Monte Carlo simulations. Clusters of size up to N=21 para-hydrogen molecules are nearly entirely superfluid at T < 1 K. For 21 < N < 30, the superfluid response displays strong variations with N, reflecting structural changes that occur on adding or removing even a single molecule. Some clusters in this size range display quantum melting, going from solid- to liquid-like as T tends to 0. Melting is caused by quantum exchanges of molecules. The largest para-hydrogen cluster for which a significant superfluid response is observed comprises 27 molecules. Evidence of a finite superfluid response is presented for ortho-deuterium clusters of size up to 14 molecules. Magic numbers are observed, at which both types of clusters feature pronounced stability.
description: 11 pages, 16 figures
Use of a ray-tracing simulation to characterize ghost rays in the FOXSI rocket experiment
Creators: name: Buitrago-Casas, J. C.
name: Christe, S.
name: Glesener, L.
name: Krucker, S.
name: Ramsey, B.
name: Bongiorno, S.
name: Kilaru, K.
name: Athiray, P. S.
name: Narukage, N.
name: Ishikawa, S.
name: Dalton, G.
name: Musset, S. Courtade S.
name: Vievering, J.
name: Ryan, D.
name: Bale, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Imaging X-rays by direct focusing offers greater sensitivity and a higher dynamic range compared to techniques based on indirect imaging. The Focusing Optics X-ray Solar Imager (FOXSI) is a sounding rocket payload that uses seven sets of nested Wolter-I figured mirrors to observe the Sun in hard X-rays through direct focusing. Characterizing the performance of these optics is critical to optimize their performance and to understand their resulting data. In this paper, we present a ray-tracing simulation we created and developed to study Wolter-I X-ray mirrors. We validated the accuracy of the ray-tracing simulation by modeling the FOXSI rocket optics. We found satisfactory agreements between the simulation predictions and laboratory data measured on the optics. We used the ray-tracing simulation to characterize a background pattern of singly reflected rays (i.e., ghost rays) generated by photons at certain incident angles reflecting on only one of a two-segment Wolter-I figure and still reaching the focal plane. We used the results of the ray-tracing simulation to understand, and to formulate a set of strategies that can be used to mitigate, the impact of ghost rays on the FOXSI optical modules. These strategies include the optimization of aperture plates placed at the entrance and exit of the smallest Wolter-I mirror used in FOXSI, a honeycomb type collimator, and a wedge absorber placed at the telescope aperture. The ray-tracing simulation proved to be a reliable set of tools to study Wolter-I X-ray optics. It can be used in many applications, including astrophysics, material sciences, and medical imaging.
Studies on earthquake location and source determination using coda waves
Creators: name: Robinson, David J
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: QE534.3.R63 2010
subject: Earthquakes
subject: Geodynamics
subject: Seismic waves Measurement
subject: Interferometry

description: The majority of existing seismological techniques ignore high frequency coda that result from scattering and focus on early onset body waves to model earthquake location and source properties. A recent technique known as coda wave interferometry utilises the cross correlation of coda waves to constrain changes in source properties between earthquake pairs. This thesis focuses on extending coda wave interferometry by designing mathematical frameworks and practical algorithms which enable the use of coda in studying the properties of earthquake clusters. Synthetic experiments are designed to quantify the constraints provided by coda wave interferometry and two corrections introduced which extend the range of applicability from separations of 300 to 450m for 1 to 5 Hz filtered waveforms. It is shown that wavelength normalisation of separation leads toa uniform behavior across frequency bands and that coda wave constraints are inherently probabilistic in nature. A Bayesian framework is introduced to determine the probability for actual separation given coda wave estimates and a technique proposed for combining coda wave and travel time data. It is shown how a posterior density function describing the joint relative location of an earthquake cluster can be built using the pairwise Bayesian framework. This joint posterior is studied using direct search, ensemble inference and optimisation under a range of conditions for earthquakes in Western Australia and California. Combining coda and travel times leads to the best solution in most cases. It is shown however, that coda waves significantly enhance location constraints when the uncertainty associated with travel times exceeds half the event separation. Furthermore, coda waves are demonstrated to provide valuable information in poor recording situations with few stations and can be used with as little as one station. In contrast, travel time techniques require multiple stations and good azimuthal coverage. This feature of coda waves to succeed with limited data is its greatest strength, lending itself to use in intraplate regions where station density is sparse. An extension of coda wave interferometry is developed which relates the change in orientation of two identically located double couple sources to the correlation of their coda waves. Synthetic studies demonstrate that this relationship is accurate for a range of source mechanism changes and that unlike the separation theory, does not depend on frequency. This suggests that it is feasible to differentiate influences of source displacement and orientation directly from the coda and opens the possibility of a combined coda wave interferometry for source separation and mechanism variation.
Self-Guided Multiple Instance Learning for Weakly Supervised Thoracic DiseaseClassification and Localizationin Chest Radiographs
Creators: name: Seibold, Constantin
name: Kleesiek, Jens
name: Schlemmer, Heinz-Peter
name: Stiefelhagen, Rainer
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2020

description: Due to the high complexity of medical images and the scarcity of trained personnel, most large-scale radiological datasets are lacking fine-grained annotations and are often only described on image-level. These shortcomings hinder the deployment of automated diagnosis systems, which require human-interpretable justification for their decision process. In this paper, we address the problem of weakly supervised identification and localization of abnormalities in chest radiographs in a multiple-instance learning setting. To that end, we introduce a novel loss function for training convolutional neural networks increasing the localization confidence and assisting the overall disease identification. The loss leverages both image-and patch-level predictions to generate auxiliary supervision and enables specific training at patch-level. Rather than forming strictly binary from the predictions as done in previous loss formulations, we create targets in a more customized manner. This way, the loss accounts for possible misclassification of less certain instances. We show that the supervision provided within the proposed learning scheme leads to better performance and more precise predictions on prevalent datasets for multiple-instance learning as well as on the NIH ChestX-Ray14 benchmark for disease recognition than previously used losses.
Joint Self-Supervised and Supervised Contrastive Learning for Multimodal MRI Data: Towards Predicting Abnormal Neurodevelopment
Creators: name: Li, Zhiyuan
name: Li, Hailong
name: Ralescu, Anca L.
name: Dillman, Jonathan R.
name: Altaye, Mekibib
name: Cecil, Kim M.
name: Parikh, Nehal A.
name: He, Lili
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The integration of different imaging modalities, such as structural, diffusion tensor, and functional magnetic resonance imaging, with deep learning models has yielded promising outcomes in discerning phenotypic characteristics and enhancing disease diagnosis. The development of such a technique hinges on the efficient fusion of heterogeneous multimodal features, which initially reside within distinct representation spaces. Naively fusing the multimodal features does not adequately capture the complementary information and could even produce redundancy. In this work, we present a novel joint self-supervised and supervised contrastive learning method to learn the robust latent feature representation from multimodal MRI data, allowing the projection of heterogeneous features into a shared common space, and thereby amalgamating both complementary and analogous information across various modalities and among similar subjects. We performed a comparative analysis between our proposed method and alternative deep multimodal learning approaches. Through extensive experiments on two independent datasets, the results demonstrated that our method is significantly superior to several other deep multimodal learning methods in predicting abnormal neurodevelopment. Our method has the capability to facilitate computer-aided diagnosis within clinical practice, harnessing the power of multimodal data.
description: 35 pages. Submitted to journal
Universal measurement of quantum correlations of radiation
Creators: name: Shchukin, E.
name: Vogel, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement technique is proposed which, in principle, allows one to observe the general space-time correlation properties of a quantized radiation field. Our method, called balanced homodyne correlation measurement, unifies the advantages of balanced homodyne detection with those of homodyne correlation measurements.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, small misprints were corrected, accepted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Interferometric extraction of photoionization-path amplitudes and phases from time-dependent multiconfiguration self-consistent-field simulations
Creators: name: Orimo, Yuki
name: Tugs, Oyunbileg
name: Sato, Takeshi
name: You, Daehyun
name: Ueda, Kiyoshi
name: Ishikawa, Kenichi L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bichromatic extreme-ultraviolet pulses from a seeded free-electron laser enable us to measure photoelectron angular distribution (PAD) as a function of the relative phase between the different wavelength components. The time-dependent multiconfiguration self-consistent-field (TD-MCSCF) methods are powerful multielectron computation methods to accurately simulate such photoionization dynamics from the first principles. Here we propose a method to evaluate the amplitude and phase of each ionization path, which completely determines the photoionization processes, using TD-MCSCF simulation results. The idea is to exploit the capability of TD-MCSCF to calculate the partial wave amplitudes specified by the azimuthal and magnetic angular momenta (l,m) and the m-resolved PAD. The phases of the ionization paths as well as the amplitudes of the paths resulting in the same (l,m) are obtained through global fitting of the expression of the asymmetry parameters to the calculated m-resolved PAD, which depends on the relative phase of the bichromatic field. We apply the present method to ionization of Ne by combined fundamental and second-harmonic XUV pulses, demonstrating that the extracted amplitudes and phases excellently reproduce the asymmetry parameters.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures, 11 tables
Hyperparallel transistor, router and dynamic random access memory with unity fidelities
Creators: name: Liu, Ji-Zhen
name: Chen, Ning-Yang
name: Liu, Wen-Qiang
name: Wei, Hai-Rui
name: Hua, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically implement some hyperparallel optical elements, including quantum single photon transistor, router, and dynamic random access memory (DRAM). The inevitable side leakage and the imperfect birefringence of the quantum dot (QD)-cavity mediates are taken into account, and unity fidelities of our optical elements can be achieved. The hyperparallel constructions are based on polarization and spatial degrees of freedom (DOFs) of the photon to increase the parallel efficiency, improve the capacity of channel, save the quantum resources, reduce the operation time, and decrease the environment noises. Moreover, the practical schemes are robust against the side leakage and the coupling strength limitation in the microcavities.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Water masers in the Local Group of galaxies
Creators: name: Brunthaler, A.
name: Henkel, C.
name: de Blok, W. J. G.
name: Reid, M. J.
name: Greenhill, L. J.
name: Falcke, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the number of detected 22 GHz H2O masers in the Local Group galaxies M31, M33, NGC6822, IC10, IC1613, DDO187, GR8, NGC185, and the Magellanic Clouds with the water maser population of the Milky Way. To accomplish this we searched for water maser emission in the two Local Group galaxies M33 and NGC6822 using the Very Large Array (VLA) and incorporated results from previous studies. We observed 62 HII regions in M33 and 36 regions with H-alpha emission in NGC6822. Detection limits are 0.0015 and 0.0008 Lsun for M33 and NGC6822, respectively (corresponding to 47 and 50 mJy in three channels with 0.7 km/s width). M33 hosts three water masers above our detection limit, while in NGC6822 no maser source was detected. We find that the water maser detection rates in the Local Group galaxies M31, M33, NGC6822, IC1613, DDO187, GR8, NGC185, and the Magellanic Clouds are consistent with expectations from the Galactic water masers if one considers the different star formation rates of the galaxies. However, the galaxy IC10 exhibits an overabundance of masers, which may result from a compact central starburst.
description: Astronomy & Astrophysics, accepted, 9 pages, 9 figures, also available at http://www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/staff/abrunthaler/pub.shtml
The Order of Phase Transitions in Barrier Crossing
Creators: name: Bürki, J.
name: Stafford, C. A.
name: Stein, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A spatially extended classical system with metastable states subject to weak spatiotemporal noise can exhibit a transition in its activation behavior when one or more external parameters are varied. Depending on the potential, the transition can be first or second-order, but there exists no systematic theory of the relation between the order of the transition and the shape of the potential barrier. In this paper, we address that question in detail for a general class of systems whose order parameter is describable by a classical field that can vary both in space and time, and whose zero-noise dynamics are governed by a smooth polynomial potential. We show that a quartic potential barrier can only have second-order transitions, confirming an earlier conjecture [1]. We then derive, through a combination of analytical and numerical arguments, both necessary conditions and sufficient conditions to have a first-order vs. a second-order transition in noise-induced activation behavior, for a large class of systems with smooth polynomial potentials of arbitrary order. We find in particular that the order of the transition is especially sensitive to the potential behavior near the top of the barrier.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures with extended introduction and discussion; version accepted for publication by Phys. Rev. E
Algorithm for globally identifiable reparametrizations of ODEs
Creators: name: Falkensteiner, Sebastian
name: Ovchinnikov, Alexey
name: Sendra, J. Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 93C15, 93B25, 93B30, 34A55, 14E08, 14M20, 14Q20, 12H05, 92B05

description: Structural global parameter identifiability indicates whether one can determine a parameter's value in an ODE model from given inputs and outputs. If a given model has parameters for which there is exactly one value, such parameters are called globally identifiable. Given an ODE model involving not globally identifiable parameters, first we transform the system into one with locally identifiable parameters. As a main contribution of this paper, then we present a procedure for replacing, if possible, the ODE model with an equivalent one that has globally identifiable parameters. We first derive this as an algorithm for one-dimensional ODE models and then reuse this approach for higher-dimensional models.
Hille's theorem for Bochner integrals of functions with values in locally convex spaces
Creators: name: Sullivan, T. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28B05, 28C20, 46G10

description: Hille's theorem is a powerful classical result in vector measure theory. It asserts that the application of a closed, unbounded linear operator commutes with strong/Bochner integration of functions taking values in a Banach space. This note shows that Hille's theorem also holds in the setting of complete locally convex spaces.
description: 9 pages
Spin Correlations and Finite-Size Effects in the One-dimensional Kondo Box
Creators: name: Hand, T.
name: Kroha, J.
name: Monien, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the Kondo effect of a magnetic impurity attached to an ultrasmall metallic wire using the density matrix renormalization group. The spatial spin correlation function and the impurity spectral density are computed for system sizes of up to L=511 sites, covering the crossover from $L \ell_K$, with $\ell_K$ the spin screening length. %Strong mesoscopic variations of the Kondo temperature $T_K$ %and of the spectral features override, to some extent, the %even/odd effect predicted earlier for averaged quantities. We establish a proportionality between the weight of the Kondo resonance and $\ell_K$ as function of $L$. This suggests a spectroscopic way of detecting the Kondo cloud.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures; Phys. Rev. Lett. published version; includes improved discussion of the long-distance behavior of the spin correlation function
Lattice dynamics of KAgF3 perovskite, unique 1D antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Koteras, Kacper
name: Gawraczynski, Jakub
name: Derzsi, Mariana
name: Mazej, Zoran
name: Grochala, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical DFT calculations using GGA+U and HSE06 frameworks enabled vibrational mode assignment and partial (atomic) phonon DOS determination in KAgF3 perovskite, a low-dimensional magnetic fluoroargentate(II). Twelve bands in the spectra of KAgF3 were assigned to either IR active or Raman active modes, reaching very good correlation with experimental values (R2>0.997). Low-temperature Raman measurements indicate that the intriguing spin-Peierls-like phase transition at 230 K is an order-disorder transition and it does not strongly impact the vibrational structure of the material.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, and electronic supplement inclusing 1 figure and 1 table
Installation and Testing of the Isobar Separator for Anions at the A. E. Lalonde AMS Laboratory Using Chlorine-36 Analysis
Creators: name: Flannigan, Erin
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2024
Subjects: Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
Chlorine-36
Isobar Separation
Reaction cell
Ion-gas reactions
Radio-frequency quadrupole

description: Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) studies of rare isotopes with abundant isobars that form negative ions often require the use of large accelerators to achieve high sensitivity measurements. The Isobar Separator for Anions (ISA) is a radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) reaction cell system that provides selective isobar suppression for many of these isotopes in the low energy system, prior to injection into an accelerator. The ISA can then facilitate the measurement of these ions using smaller accelerators. A commercial version from Isobarex Corp. was installed in a separate low energy injection line of the 3 MV accelerator system at the A. E. Lalonde AMS Laboratory in the University of Ottawa and was tested using the measurement of 36Cl, suppressing its stable isobar 36S. The ISA includes a DC deceleration region, a combined cooling and reaction cell, and a DC acceleration region. The deceleration region reduces the beam energy from the ion source (20-35 keV) to a level that chemical reactions can occur, scattering is minimized, and that the reaction cell can accept and contain. RFQ segments along the length of the cell create a potential well, which limits the divergence of the traversing ions. DC offset voltages on these RFQ segments maintain a controlled ion velocity through the cell. Helium was used as a cooling gas to further decelerate the ions, facilitating charge exchange between 36S and a reaction gas. Helium provided the highest transmission of 30-80% for chlorine anions. The reaction gas NO2 was chosen to preferentially react with sulfur. Over seven orders of magnitude reduction of sulfur to chlorine was observed. After exiting the cell, the beam is reaccelerated prior to injection into the tandem accelerator for AMS analysis. Using 36Cl reference materials, it was determined that linear transmission results could be obtained for a 36Cl/Cl ratio ranging from 10−11 to 10−15. The measurements were stable over more than 24 hours of continuous measurement. A blank level on the order of 10−15 was observed. The ISA was used to measure unknown 36Cl /Cl ratio groundwater samples and the results are compared to external AMS measurements.
[Collection of publications]
Creators: name: Dixon, Robert M. W
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: Language and languages

description: 1. A grammar of Boumaa Fijian ; The languages of Australia -- 2. Where have all the adjectives gone? ; A grammar of Yidin ; [Five articles on linguistics]
Enhanced laser-driven proton acceleration with gas-foil targets
Creators: name: Levy, Dan
name: Davoine, Xavier
name: Debayle, Arnaud
name: Gremillet, Laurent
name: Malka, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study numerically the mechanisms of proton acceleration in gas-foil targets driven by an ultraintense femtosecond laser pulse. The target consists of a near-critical-density hydrogen gas layer of a few tens of microns attached to a solid carbon foil with a contaminant thin proton layer at its back side. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that, at optimal gas density, the maximum energy of the contaminant protons is increased by a factor of $\sim 4$ compared to a single foil target. This improvement originates from the near-complete laser absorption into relativistic electrons in the gas. Several energetic electron populations are identified, and their respective effect on the proton acceleration is quantified by computing the electrostatic fields that they generate at the protons' positions. While each of those electron groups is found to contribute substantially to the overall accelerating field, the dominant one is the relativistic thermal bulk that results from the nonlinear wakefield excited in the gas, as analyzed recently by Debayle et al. [New J. Phys. 19, 123013 (2017)]. Our analysis also reveals the important role of the neighboring ions in the acceleration of the fastest protons, and the onset of multidimensional effects caused by the time-increasing curvature of the proton layer.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Stabilization of silicon honeycomb chains by trivalent adsorbates
Creators: name: Battaglia, C.
name: Cercellier, H.
name: Monney, C.
name: Garnier, M. G.
name: Aebi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The atomic structure of self-assembled quasi-one-dimensional Gd chains on Si(111) has been investigated by low-energy electron diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy. Based on comparison between Gd and Ca chains we show that this Gd induced surface reconstruction belongs to the class of honeycomb chain-channel structures. This clearly demonstrates that, besides monovalent and divalent adsorbates, also trivalent adsorbates such as Gd stabilize silicon honeycomb chains. Consequently silicon honeycomb chains emerge as an universal building block in adsorbate induced silicon surface reconstructions.
description: to be published in Europhysics Letters
Cooper quartets in interacting hybrid superconducting systems
Creators: name: Chirolli, Luca
name: Braggio, Alessandro
name: Giazotto, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cooper quartets represent exotic fermion aggregates describing correlated matter at the basis of charge-$4e$ superconductivity and offer a platform for studying four-body interactions, of interest for topologically protected quantum computing, nuclear matter simulations, and more general strongly correlated matter. Focusing on solid-state systems, we show how to quantum design Cooper quartets in a double-dot system coupled to ordinary superconducting leads through the introduction of an attractive interdot interaction. A fundamentally novel, maximally correlated double-dot ground state, in the form of a superposition of vacuum $|0\rangle$ and four-electron state $|4e\rangle$, emerges as a narrow resonance in a many-body quartet correlator that is accompanied by negligible pair correlations and features a rich phenomenology. The system represents an instance of correlated Andreev matter and the results open the way to the exploration of interaction effects in hybrid superconducting devices, and the study of novel correlated states of matter with ingredients available in a quantum solid-state laboratory.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
The terminology of job descriptions: the case of library assistants who provide information services
Creators: name: Friesen, Margaret
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the kinds of terminology used in writing job descriptions for library assistants who provide information services affected the job evaluation rating for the jobs described. The study provided background information on the importance of the problem, pay equity and job evaluation systems, the nature and purpose of contacts in information and reference services, the changing roles of information providers and the problem of terminology in writing job descriptions. To examine whether the terminology in job descriptions made a difference in evaluation, three experienced job evaluators were asked to rate nine job descriptions representing three levels of jobs and three different terminologies: library, computer and generic. The respondents' ratings, five sets of nine ratings each, were analyzed by comparing the individual job evaluation plans, the respondents' numerical ratings and rationales. The findings revealed the similarities and differences in definitions used in each of the plans, the differences in ratings within and among plans and the extent to which the terminology used in the job descriptions could be attributed to differences in ratings. Some inconsistencies in ratings occurred. In most cases, the job description using library terminology was rated higher than its computer or generic counterparts but in two cases it was not. Of the three versions of terminology, the generic version led to the least favourable ratings. Considering the complexity of the responsibility o f contacts present to some degree in all three levels of jobs, some of the jobs may have been undervalued. Recommendations were made for action and for further study.
C II abundances in early-type stars: solution to a notorious non-LTE problem
Creators: name: Nieva, M. F.
name: Przybilla, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address a long-standing discrepancy between non-LTE analyses of the prominent C II 4267 and 6578/82 A multiplets in early-type stars. A comprehensive non-LTE model atom of C II is constructed based on critically selected atomic data. This model atom is used for an abundance study of six apparently slow-rotating main-sequence and giant early B-type stars. High-resolution and high-S/N spectra allow us to derive highly consistent abundances not only from the classical features but also from up to 18 further C II lines in the visual - including two so far unreported emission features equally well reproduced in non-LTE. These results require the stellar atmospheric parameters to be determined with care. A homogeneous (slightly) sub-solar present-day carbon abundance from young stars in the solar vicinity (in associations and in the field) of log C/H +12= 8.29+/-0.03 is indicated.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
A Data Driven End-to-end Approach for In-the-wild Monitoring of Eating Behavior Using Smartwatches
Creators: name: Kyritsis, Konstantinos
name: Diou, Christos
name: Delopoulos, Anastasios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The increased worldwide prevalence of obesity has sparked the interest of the scientific community towards tools that objectively and automatically monitor eating behavior. Despite the study of obesity being in the spotlight, such tools can also be used to study eating disorders (e.g. anorexia nervosa) or provide a personalized monitoring platform for patients or athletes. This paper presents a complete framework towards the automated i) modeling of in-meal eating behavior and ii) temporal localization of meals, from raw inertial data collected in-the-wild using commercially available smartwatches. Initially, we present an end-to-end Neural Network which detects food intake events (i.e. bites). The proposed network uses both convolutional and recurrent layers that are trained simultaneously. Subsequently, we show how the distribution of the detected bites throughout the day can be used to estimate the start and end points of meals, using signal processing algorithms. We perform extensive evaluation on each framework part individually. Leave-one-subject-out (LOSO) evaluation shows that our bite detection approach outperforms four state-of-the-art algorithms towards the detection of bites during the course of a meal (0.923 F1 score). Furthermore, LOSO and held-out set experiments regarding the estimation of meal start/end points reveal that the proposed approach outperforms a relevant approach found in the literature (Jaccard Index of 0.820 and 0.821 for the LOSO and heldout experiments, respectively). Experiments are performed using our publicly available FIC and the newly introduced FreeFIC datasets.
description: Manuscript accepted to be published in IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics. Acceptance date: 28-Mar-2020
Crossover from stationary to aging regime in glassy dynamics
Creators: name: Andreanov, Alexey
name: Lefèvre, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non-equilibrium dynamics of the spherical p-spin models in the scaling regime near the plateau and derive the corresponding scaling functions for the correlators. Our main result is that the matching between different time regimes fixes the aging function in the aging regime to $h(t)=\exp(t^{1-μ})$. The exponent $μ$ is related to the one giving the length of the plateau. Interestingly $1-μ$ is quickly very small when one goes away from the dynamic transition temperature in the glassy phase. This gives new light on the interpretation of experiments and simulations where simple aging was found to be a reasonable but not perfect approximation, which could be attributed to the existence of a small but non-zero stretching exponent.
description: 7 pages+2 figures
title: Resilient, nachhaltig und zukunftsfähig : Leitlinien für die Stadtentwicklung von morgen
Creators: name: Bierwirth, Anja
Publisher: name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften

description: Städte und Kommunen mussten in den vergangenen Jahren einiges aushalten: eine weltweite Corona-Pandemie, Feuerkatastrophen wie in den USA sowie Hochwasser-Katastrophen wie in Deutschland. Das sind auch Folgen des menschen-gemachten Klimawandels, auf die Städte sich in Zukunft besser vorbereiten müssen. Denn gerade die Hochwasser-Katastrophe im Juli 2021 hat gezeigt, wie wenig Kommunen auf solche Ereignisse eingerichtet sind. Dieses Impulspapier zeigt, wie Städte resilienter, nachhaltiger und zukunftsfähiger werden können.
Molecular Mechanisms and Host Factors Involved in HIV-1 Latency
Creators: name: Madapuji Srinivasan, Mrudhula
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2024
Subjects: HIV-1 latency
APOBEC3
Deaminase activity
HIV cure
G to A mutations
Transcription factors

description: The Human Immunodeficiency virus-1 can stay undetected and unaffected by host immune surveillance and antiretroviral therapy. This phenomenon is called proviral latency and the cells harbouring such viruses are part of the latently infected cell reservoir. In this situation, the viral genome integrates into the host's genome upon infection, whereby infected cells exhibit either very low levels or no viral transcription, and hence no viral proteins or egress viruses are produced that can be detected by the immune system. However, viral transcription can be re-activated to produce infectious viruses under certain circumstances. Host-encoded retroviral restriction factors like APOBEC3 (A3) proteins are part of our intrinsic immune defences against retroviral infection, introducing mutations in viral replication intermediates. We hypothesize that low levels of G-to-A transition mutations in the HIV-1 LTR region, introduced by APOBEC3G/F, could lead to a latency-like phenotype. These latent viruses pose major hurdles for HIV-1 cure therapies. Our lab previously created a library of clones possessing mutations in the LTR introduced by A3G/F. Later, mutated LTRs were cloned into 3 types of plasmid backbones: 1) a pEGFP expression vector to study the transcriptional activity of the mutated promoter, 2) into non-replicative pNL4 ∆env ∆vif viral expression vector, and 3) into a replicative pNL4-CXCR4 viral vector to study infection and induction by latency reversal agent (LRA) treatment to better understand the mechanism of latency and transcriptional induction. Viruses produced from these plasmids carrying mutated promoters are referred to as latency-prone viruses or LPVs in this thesis. Characterizing the transcription, infection, and induction to PMA/I of the LPVs would essentially help in evaluating the role of A3 mutations in viral latency and further help in the development of new therapeutics.
title: Resilient, sustainable and ready for the future : guidelines for urban development of tomorrow
Creators: name: Bierwirth, Anja
Publisher: name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften

description: Cities and municipalities have had to endure a great deal in recent years, including a global coronavirus pandemic, fire disasters in the US and devastating floods like those in Germany. These are also consequences of anthropogenic climate change, and cities have to be better prepared for such events in future. In particular, the cata-strophic flooding Germany experienced in July 2021 demonstrated how ill-equipped municipalities are for this type of incident. In this paper, we look at how cities can become more resilient, sustainable and ready for the future.
Information scrambling and butterfly velocity in quantum spin glass chains
Creators: name: Y, Venkata Lokesh K.
name: Bera, Surajit
name: Banerjee, Sumilan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We make lattice generalization of two well-known zero-dimensional models of quantum spin glass, Sachdev-Ye (SY) and spherical quantum $p$-spin glass model, to one dimension for studying crossovers in non-local scrambling dynamics due to glass transition, complex dynamics, and quantum and thermal fluctuations in paramagnetic (PM) and spin glass (SG) phases. In the SY chain of quantum dots, each described by infinite-range random Heisenberg model of $N$ spin-$S$ $SU(M)$ spins, we obtain the quantum Lyapunov exponent $λ_\mathrm{L}$ and butterfly velocity $v_B$ as a function of temperature $T$ and the quantum parameter $S$ across the PM-SG phase boundary using a bosonic spinon representation in the large $N,M$ limit. In particular, we extract asymptotic $T$ and $S$ dependence, e.g., power laws, for $λ_\mathrm{L}$ and $v_B$ in different regions deep inside the phases and near the replica symmetry breaking SG transition. We find the chaos to be non-maximal almost over the entire phase diagram. Very similar results for chaos indicators are found for the $p$-spin glass chain as a function of temperature and a suitable quantum parameter $Γ$, with some important qualitative differences. In particular, $λ_\mathrm{L}$ and $v_B$ exhibit a maximum, coinciding with onset of complex glassy relaxation, above the glass transition as a function of $T$ and $Γ$ in the PM phase of the $p$-spin glass model. In contrast, the maximum is only observed as a function of $S$, but not with temperature, in the PM phase of SY model. The maximum originates from enhanced chaos due to maximal complexity in the glassy landscape. Thus, the results in the SY model indicate very different evolution of glassy complexity with quantum and thermal fluctuations.
description: 32 pages, 41 figures
Minimal Committee Problem for Inconsistent Systems of Linear Inequalities on the Plane
Creators: name: Kobylkin, K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A representation of an arbitrary system of strict linear inequalities in R^n as a system of points is proposed. The representation is obtained by using a so-called polarity. Based on this representation an algorithm for constructing a committee solution of an inconsistent plane system of linear inequalities is given. A solution of two problems on minimal committee of a plane system is proposed. The obtained solutions to these problems can be found by means of the proposed algorithm.
description: 29 pages, 2 figures
Improving the academic workplace for your deaf and hard-of-hearing colleagues
Creators: name: Cooke, Michele
name: Caicedo, Ana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 480707
subject: Welfare, insurance, disability and social security law
classificationCode: 390411
subject: Special education and disability

description: This report outlines the best approach for increasing workplace accessibility and provide links to The Mind Hears blog posts that explore particular aspects in detail. The report lists detailed recommendations for making your in-person and remote workplaces accessible for your deaf and hard of hearing colleagues.
Studies on Middle Indo-Iranian and Australian Aboriginal languages
Creators: name: Hercus, Luise A
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Prakrit languages Grammar
subject: Australian languages

description: This survey had its beginning early in 1962 with an elderly man at Echuca (Vic.) who still remembered soneof his language, Wembawemba. Encouraged by Dr A. Capell and by Professor J. Smit recording began of this and other Victorian languages. Work was intensified in mid-1963 with help from the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies in Canberra. It has been ap~arent from the beginning that this survey was doomed to be inadequate as the languages of some entire groups of tribes disappeared completely many years ago (e.g. the languages of the Goulburn tribes), while others are virtually extinct (e.g. of Woiwuru of the Melbourne area only one or two people remember a few words from their early youth). Nevertheless as much material as possible was collected, informants being pursued far afield. 1 It would probably be true to say that there are no elderly or even middle-aged persons of Aboriginal descent in Victoria and the south of· New South Wales who have not at some stage been questioned by us about the language. However fragmentary the resulting material may appear, it represents all that was left in 1962- 1965, and several important informants have since died. It is hoped that this work will in some measure supplement the scanty information that can be gained from the works of earlier writers.