cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Emergence of extended Newtonian gravity from thermodynamics
Creators: name: Ván, Peter
name: Abe, Sumiyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Discovery of a novel thermodynamic aspect of nonrelativistic gravity is reported. Here, initially, an unspecified scalar field potential is considered and treated not as an externally applied field but as a thermodynamic variable on an equal footing with the fluid variables. It is shown that the second law of thermodynamics imposes a stringent constraint on the field, and, quite remarkably, the allowable field turns out to be only of gravity. The resulting field equation for the gravitational potential derived from the analysis of the entropy production rate contains a dissipative term due to irreversibility. It is found that the system relaxes to the conventional theory of Newtonian gravity up to a certain spatial scale, whereas on the larger scale there emerges non-Newtonian gravity described by a nonlinear field equation containing a single coefficient. A comment is made on an estimation of the coefficient that has its origin in the thermodynamic property of the system.
description: 19 pages, no figures. Title slightly changed. Published version
The alpha-element abundances in the most oxygen-poor planetary nebula PN G 135.9+55.9
Creators: name: Richer, M. G.
name: Tovmassian, G. H.
name: Stasinska, G.
name: Jameson, R. F.
name: Dobbie, P. D.
name: Veillet, C.
name: Gutierrez, C.
name: Prada, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present extensive new spectroscopy and imaging of PN G 135.9+55.9. We use these data as constraints to photoionization models to derive limits on the oxygen abundance. We find that PN G 135.9+55.9 has an oxygen abundance less than 1/50 of the solar value. Our models favour a value of 12 + \log O/H between 5.8 and 6.5 dex, confirming that PN G 135.9+55.9 is the most oxygen-poor planetary nebula known (Tovmassian et al. 2001). We also derive Ne/O = 0.5 +/- 0.3, S/O < 0.094, and Ar/O < 0.23. Although the value of Ne/O is nominally high, it need not imply that the progenitor of PN G 135.9+55.9 converted any of its initial oxygen abundance to neon. The helium abundance appears to be very low, He/H ~ 0.08, but a precise determination will require a much more detailed study. We find that Ha/Hb is lower than expected and perhaps variable, a finding for which we have no clear explanation.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Scotland’s language communities and the 1+2 Language Strategy
Creators: name: Hancock, Andy
name: Hancock, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019

description: • The Scottish Government's ambitious 1+2 Language Strategy, launched in 2012, has refocused attention on language policy in education and the provision for language learning in Scotland. • The Language Strategy contains a commitment for schools to further develop links involving “language communities” and to teach “the community languages of pupils in schools”. • However, a review of the implementation of the policy reveals the languages on offer in mainstream schools remain dominated by a narrow range of European languages such as French and German. • The learning of community languages of an increasingly diverse population remains the preserve of complementary schools organised by language community members and operating in the evenings and the weekend. • Numerous studies in the UK and internationally have acknowledged the pivotal educational, social and cultural role of complementary schools. However, learners’ linguistic achievements gained at complementary schools often remain hidden from mainstream schools. • A national survey of complementary school providers highlights a desire to improve their language learning provision and to be involved more in 1+2 developments at a local authority level. • Developing meaningful partnerships between the General Teaching Council for Scotland (GTCS), local authorities, complementary schools and mainstream schools needs to be an integral part of the 1+2 Language Strategy. • Extending and enhancing language learning provision in and outside of mainstream schools will add much weight to the Scottish Government’s policy aspiration to develop a new generation of plurilingual citizens.
Counting partitions by genus: a compendium of results
Creators: name: Coquereaux, Robert
name: Zuber, Jean-Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 05A18, 05A15, 15B52, 60Cxx

description: We study the enumeration of set partitions, according to their length, number of parts, cyclic type, and genus. We introduce genus-dependent Bell, Stirling numbers, and Faà di Bruno coefficients. Besides attempting to summarize what is already known on the subject, we obtain new generic results (in particular for partitions into two parts, for arbitrary genus), and present computer generated new data extending the number of terms known for sequences or families of such coefficients; this also leads to new conjectures.
description: This version (version 3) : 35 pages, 2 figures, improved presentation, background recalled, more details provided, proofs of the two main propositions made more precise, a table forgotten in version 2 is inserted
Additional file 5 of Insights into the genome architecture and evolution of Shiga toxin encoding bacteriophages of Escherichia coli
Creators: name: Pinto, Graça
name: Sampaio, Marta
name: Dias, Oscar
name: Almeida, Carina
name: Azeredo, Joana
name: Oliveira, Hugo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5. Whole-genome map of subcluster A1 phages. Maps were generated with Phamerator, where pairwise sequence similarity (minimal BLASTN cut-off E value is 10− 4) is given according to color spectrum (purple lines for highest and red lines for the lowest nucleotide similarity, no shading shows no similarity with a BLASTN score of 10-4 or better). Ruler corresponds to genome base pairs. Labelled ORFs with predicted function are shown as colored boxes (white boxes represent orphans, singe genes) position above (rightwards transcribed) or below (leftwards transcribed) the bar. Gene numbering reflects the re-organization of genomes. All genomes were set to start at the terminase genes.
Empirical Regularities in Distributions of Individual Consumption Expenditure
Creators: name: Hohnisch, Martin
name: Pittnauer, Sabine
name: Chakrabarty, Manisha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We empirically investigate distributions of individual consumption expenditure f or four commodity categories conditional on fixed income levels. The data stems from the Family Expenditure Survey carried out annually in the United Kingdom. W e use graphical techniques to test for normality and lognormality of these distributions. While mainstream economic theory does not predict any structure for these distributions, we find that in at least three commodity categories individual consumption expenditure conditional on a fixed income level is lognormally distributed.
description: 9 pages including figures; for Int. J. Mod. Phys. C 13, No. 4
Identifiability of Structural Singular Vector Autoregressive Models
Creators: name: Funovits, Bernd
name: Braumann, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We generalize well-known results on structural identifiability of vector autoregressive models (VAR) to the case where the innovation covariance matrix has reduced rank. Structural singular VAR models appear, for example, as solutions of rational expectation models where the number of shocks is usually smaller than the number of endogenous variables, and as an essential building block in dynamic factor models. We show that order conditions for identifiability are misleading in the singular case and provide a rank condition for identifiability of the noise parameters. Since the Yule-Walker equations may have multiple solutions, we analyze the effect of restrictions on the system parameters on over- and underidentification in detail and provide easily verifiable conditions.
description: Generalized section 4, added supplementary appendix for RE example
Rice, wheat, and corn supply response in China
Creators: name: Brockhaus, Jan
name: Huang, Jikun
name: Hu, Jiliang
name: Kalkuhl, Matthias
name: Von Braun, Joachim
name: Yang, Guolei
name: Brockhaus, Jan
name: Huang, Jikun
name: Hu, Jiliang
name: Kalkuhl, Matthias
name: Von Braun, Joachim
name: Yang, Guolei
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Production Economics
subject: agricultural supply response
subject: China
subject: crop production
subject: food prices
subject: supply elasticity

description: This study analyses the indica rice, winter wheat, and corn production response to prices, rainfall, temperatures, and other parameters for the agriculturally most important provinces in China. System and difference GMM estimators are used as the number of groups is large compared to the time periods and the production response is a dynamic process. We find that all crops strongly respond to prices around planting time and shortly after while prices further away from the time of planting turn out insignificant. Furthermore, rainfall affects the production positively and high temperatures negatively for all crops. The results for other variables differ between the crops. Mixed outcomes are found for irrigation, fertilizer prices, area affected by droughts and interaction terms. Results suggest that irrigation is only partly able to compensate for impacts of weather variability. The presented method for analyzing the price response at different points in time may also be used for general model specification tests.
Additional file 22: of Characterization of primary cilia during the differentiation of retinal ganglion cells in the zebrafish
Creators: name: Lepanto, Paola
name: Davison, Camila
name: Casanova, Gabriela
name: Badano, Jose
name: Zolessi, Flavio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Cilia impaired embryos show a preferential delay in RGCs formation. (PDF 4731Â kb)
Innovation in the Fight Against Infectious Diseases
Creators: name: Rodriguez-Rincon, Daniela
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018

description: The discovery of antibiotics in 1928 led the world to believe that the fight against infectious diseases was one to be won within a few years. Nowadays, nearly 90 years following the discovery of penicillin, infectious diseases remain one of the main causes of mortality worldwide, with lower respiratory tract infections, diarrhoeal diseases, and tuberculosis ranking among the top 10 causes of death according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In recent years, the advent of antibiotic resistance, the anti-vaccination movement, and humanitarian crises have seen a rise in infectious diseases that were once thought to be nearly eradicated, such as polio, tuberculosis and measles.
Paving the Way for Driverless Cars: A Policy Roadmap
Creators: name: Klinger, Ed Leon
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2016

description: Driverless cars present an unprecedented opportunity to transform the way we transport goods and people through cities and across countries, posing benefits to our collective safety, environment and economy. They also pose new risks; as cars become more connected, they become more vulnerable to malicious attacks by thieves and terrorists. This essay argues that the government should take active steps to position the UK at the forefront of autonomous vehicle technology, establishing itself as a world-leader in this rapidly approaching disruptive innovation.
Multiplicative noise: A mechanism leading to nonextensive statistical mechanics
Creators: name: Anteneodo, Celia
name: Tsallis, Constantino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large variety of microscopic or mesoscopic models lead to generic results that accommodate naturally within Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics (based on $S_1\equiv -k \int du p(u) \ln p(u)$). Similarly, other classes of models point toward nonextensive statistical mechanics (based on $S_q \equiv k [1-\int du [p(u)]^q]/[q-1]$, where the value of the entropic index $q\in\Re$ depends on the specific model). We show here a family of models, with multiplicative noise, which belongs to the nonextensive class. More specifically, we consider Langevin equations of the type $\dot{u}=f(u)+g(u)ξ(t)+η(t)$, where $ξ(t)$ and $η(t)$ are independent zero-mean Gaussian white noises with respective amplitudes $M$ and $A$. This leads to the Fokker-Planck equation $\partial_t P(u,t) = -\partial_u[f(u) P(u,t)] + M\partial_u\{g(u)\partial_u[g(u)P(u,t)]\} + A\partial_{uu}P(u,t)$. Whenever the deterministic drift is proportional to the noise induced one, i.e., $f(u) =-τg(u) g'(u)$, the stationary solution is shown to be $P(u, \infty) \propto \bigl\{1-(1-q) β[g(u)]^2 \bigr\}^{\frac{1}{1-q}} $ (with $q \equiv \frac{τ+ 3M}{τ+M}$ and $β=\frac{τ+M}{2A}$). This distribution is precisely the one optimizing $S_q$ with the constraint $_q \equiv \{\int du [g(u)]^2[P(u)]^q \}/ \{\int du [P(u)]^q \}= $constant. We also introduce and discuss various characterizations of the width of the distributions.
description: 3 PS figures
Additional file 23: of Characterization of primary cilia during the differentiation of retinal ganglion cells in the zebrafish
Creators: name: Lepanto, Paola
name: Davison, Camila
name: Casanova, Gabriela
name: Badano, Jose
name: Zolessi, Flavio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology

description: Primary cilia dynamics in progenitors and differentiating RGC neuroblasts. (PDF 118Â kb)
Constraints on dark matter-neutrino scattering from the Milky-Way satellites and subhalo modeling for dark acoustic oscillations
Creators: name: Akita, Kensuke
name: Ando, Shin'ichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The elastic scattering between dark matter (DM) and radiation can potentially explain small-scale observations that the cold dark matter faces as a challenge, as damping density fluctuations via dark acoustic oscillations in the early universe erases small-scale structure. We study a semi-analytical subhalo model for interacting dark matter with radiation, based on the extended Press-Schechter formalism and subhalos' tidal evolution prescription. We also test the elastic scattering between DM and neutrinos using observations of Milky-Way satellites from the Dark Energy Survey and PanSTARRS1. We conservatively impose strong constraints on the DM-neutrino scattering cross section of $σ_{{\rm DM}\text{-}ν,n}\propto E_ν^n$ $(n=0,2,4)$ at $95\%$ confidence level (CL), $σ_{{\rm DM}\text{-}ν,0}< 10^{-32}\ {\rm cm^2}\ (m_{\rm DM}/{\rm GeV})$, $σ_{{\rm DM}\text{-}ν,2}< 10^{-43}\ {\rm cm^2}\ (m_{\rm DM}/{\rm GeV})(E_ν/E_ν^0)^2$ and $σ_{{\rm DM}\text{-}ν,4}< 10^{-54}\ {\rm cm^2}\ (m_{\rm DM}/{\rm GeV})(E_ν/E_ν^0)^4$, where $E_ν$ is the neutrino energy and $E_ν^0$ is the average momentum of relic cosmic neutrinos today, $E_ν^0 \simeq 6.1\ {\rm K}$. By imposing a satellite forming condition, we obtain the strongest upper bounds on the DM-neutrino cross section at $95\%$ CL, $σ_{{\rm DM}\text{-}ν,0}< 4\times 10^{-34}\ {\rm cm^2}\ (m_{\rm DM}/{\rm GeV})$, $σ_{{\rm DM}\text{-}ν,2}< 10^{-46}\ {\rm cm^2}\ (m_{\rm DM}/{\rm GeV})(E_ν/E_ν^0)^2$ and $σ_{{\rm DM}\text{-}ν,4}< 7\times 10^{-59}\ {\rm cm^2}\ (m_{\rm DM}/{\rm GeV})(E_ν/E_ν^0)^4$.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures. v2: Matches the published version in JCAP
Imaging Polarimetry of the 2017 Solar Eclipse with the RIT Polarization Imaging Camera
Creators: name: Vorobiev, Dmitry
name: Ninkov, Zoran
name: Bernard, Lee
name: Brock, Neal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the last decade, imaging polarimeters based on micropolarizer arrays have been developed for use in terrestrial remote sensing and metrology applications. Micropolarizer-based sensors are dramatically smaller and more mechanically robust than other polarimeters with similar spectral response and snapshot capability. To determine the suitability of these new polarimeters for astronomical applications, we developed the RIT Polarization Imaging Camera to investigate the performance of these devices, with a special attention to the low signal-to-noise regime. We characterized the device performance in the lab, by determining the relative throughput, efficiency, and orientation of every pixel, as a function of wavelength. Using the resulting pixel response model, we developed demodulation procedures for aperture photometry and imaging polarimetry observing modes. We found that, using the current calibration, RITPIC is capable of detecting polarization signals as small as <0.3%. To demonstrate the stability of RITPIC's calibration and its extreme portability, we performed imaging polarimetry of the Solar corona in Madras, Oregon during the total Solar eclipse of 2017. The maximum polarization we measured was ~46%, which agrees well with the maximum value predicted for a Thomson scattering corona. Similarly, we found no strong deviations in the angle of linear polarization from the tangential direction. The relative ease of data collection, calibration, and analysis provided by these sensors suggest than they may become an important tool for a number of astronomical targets.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to PASP September, 2019
Factorization Theorem for the Transfer Function Associated with an Unbounded Non-Self-Adjoint 2x2 Operator Matrix
Creators: name: Hardt, V.
name: Mennicken, R.
name: Motovilov, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 47A56; Secondary 47Nxx, 47N50

description: We construct operators which factorize the transfer function associated with a non-self-adjoint 2x2 operator matrix whose diagonal entries can have overlapping spectra and whose off-diagonal entries are unbounded operators.
description: Contribution to Proc. of IWOTA-Portugal' 2000, 17 pp
Jamming and asymptotic behavior in competitive random parking of bidisperse cars
Creators: name: Hassan, M. K.
name: Schmidt, J.
name: Blasius, B.
name: Kurths, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a generalized car parking problem where either a car of size $σ$ or of size $mσ$ ($m>1$) is sequentially parked on a line with probability $q$ and $(1-q)$, respectively. The free parameter $q$ interpolates between the classical car parking problem at either extreme ($q=0$ and $q=1$) and the competitive random sequential adsorption of a binary mixture in between. We find that the coverage in the jamming limit for a mixture always exceeds the value obtained for the uni-sized case. The introduction of a bidisperse mixture results in the slow approach ($\sim t^{-1}$) to the jamming limit by the smaller species while the larger species reach their asymptotic values exponentially fast $\sim t^{-1}e^{-(m-1)qt}$.
description: 6 pages (in Revtex4), 4 eps figures; To appear in Physica A (2002)
Quantization of spin Hall conductivity in two-dimensional topological insulators versus symmetry and spin-orbit interaction
Creators: name: Matusalem, Filipe
name: Matthes, Lars
name: Furthmüller, Jürgen
name: Marques, Marcelo
name: Teles, Lara K.
name: Bechstedt, Friedhelm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The third-rank tensor of the static spin Hall conductivity is investigated for two-dimensional (2D) topological insulators by electronic structure calculations. Its seeming quantization is numerically demonstrated for highly symmetric systems independent of the gap size. 2D crystals with hexagonal and square Bravais lattice show similar effects, while true rectangular translational symmetry yields conductivity values much below the quantum $e^2/h$. Field-induced lifting the inversion symmetry does not influence the quantum spin Hall state up to band inversion but the conductivity quantization. Weak symmetry-conserving biaxial but also uniaxial strain has a minor influence as long as inverted gaps dictate the topological character. The results are discussed in terms of the atomic geometry and the Rashba contribution to the spin-orbit interaction (SOI). Translational and point-group symmetry as well as SOI rule the deviation from the quantization of the spin Hall conductance.
Breakup of $^{17}$F on $^{208}$Pb near the Coulomb barrier
Creators: name: Liang, J. F.
name: Beene, J. R.
name: Galindo-Uribarri, A.
name: del Campo, J. Gomez
name: Gross, C. J.
name: Hausladen, P. A.
name: Mueller, P. E.
name: Shapira, D.
name: Stracener, D. W.
name: Varner, R. L.
name: Bierman, J. D.
name: Esbensen, H.
name: Larochelle, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Angular distributions of oxygen produced in the breakup of $^{17}$F incident on a $^{208}$Pb target have been measured around the grazing angle at beam energies of 98 and 120 MeV. The data are dominated by the proton stripping mechanism and are well reproduced by dynamical calculations. The measured breakup cross section is approximately a factor of 3 less than that of fusion at 98 MeV. The influence of breakup on fusion is discussed.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Folding Pathways of Prion and Doppel
Creators: name: Settanni, Gianni
name: Hoang, Trinh Xuan
name: Micheletti, Cristian
name: Maritan, Amos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The relevance of various residue positions for the stability and the folding characteristics of the prion protein are investigated by using molecular dynamics simulations of models exploiting the topology of the native state. Highly significant correlations are found between the most relevant sites in our analysis and the single point mutations known to be associated with the arousal of the genetic forms of prion disease (caused by the conformational change from the cellular to the scrapie isoform). Considerable insight into the conformational change is provided by comparing the folding process of prion and doppel (a newly discovered protein) sharing very similar native state topology: the folding pathways of the former can be grouped in two main classes according to which tertiary structure contacts are formed first enroute to the native state. For the latter a single class of pathways leads to the native state. Our results are consistent and supportive of the recent experimental findings that doppel lacks the scrapie isoform and that such remarkably different behavior results from differences in the region containing the two $β-$strands and the intervening helix.
description: 16 pages, 2 tables, 5 figures
EUROPEAN INNOVATION PARTNERSHIP AS A FRAMEWORK FOR OPEN INNOVATION IN AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Matras-Bolibok, Anna
name: Kis, Krisztian
name: Matras-Bolibok, Anna
name: Kis, Krisztian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: open innovation
subject: system approach
subject: networking
subject: sustainability
subject: productivity

description: Contemporarily, agriculture is facing many challenges connected with growing food demand and scarcity of natural resources. In meeting these challenges innovation has become of crucial importance. The paper aims at providing an insight on the topic of the needs and possibilities of open innovation and its significance for the transition towards sustainable and more productive agriculture of EU. We argue that given the complexity of innovation process there emerges the need for effective interactions between all actors of agriculture sector. We conclude that new instrument of EU policy: European Innovation Partnership, which promotes open innovation approach should facilitate emergence of networks of collaboration in agriculture. Such an approach will stimulate innovation processes and will help to give better responses to contemporary challenges faced by agriculture.
From Infinity to Four Dimensions: Higher Residue Pairings and Feynman Integrals
Creators: name: Mizera, Sebastian
name: Pokraka, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a surprising phenomenon in which Feynman integrals in $D=4-2\varepsilon$ space-time dimensions as $\varepsilon \to 0$ can be fully characterized by their behavior in the opposite limit, $\varepsilon \to \infty$. More concretely, we consider vector bundles of Feynman integrals over kinematic spaces, whose connections have a polynomial dependence on $\varepsilon$ and are known to be governed by intersection numbers of twisted forms. They give rise to differential equations that can be obtained exactly as a truncating expansion in either $\varepsilon$ or $1/\varepsilon$. We use the latter for explicit computations, which are performed by expanding intersection numbers in terms of Saito's higher residue pairings (previously used in the context of topological Landau-Ginzburg models and mirror symmetry). These pairings localize on critical points of a certain Morse function, which correspond to regions in the loop-momentum space that were previously thought to govern only the large-$D$ physics. The results of this work leverage recent understanding of an analogous situation for moduli spaces of curves, where the $α' \to 0$ and $α' \to \infty$ limits of intersection numbers coincide for scattering amplitudes of massless quantum field theories.
description: 41 pages, reference added
Comment on "Gapless spin liquid ground state of the spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ $J_1$-$J_2$ Heisenberg model on square lattices"
Creators: name: Zhao, Bowen
name: Takahashi, Jun
name: Sandvik, Anders W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Liu et al. [Phys.Rev.B 98, 241109 (2018)] used Monte Carlo sampling of the physical degrees of freedom of a Projected Entangled Pair State (PEPS) type wave function for the $S=1/2$ frustrated $J_1$-$J_2$ Heisenberg model on the square lattice and found a non-magnetic state argued to be a gapless spin liquid when the coupling ratio $g=J_2/J_1$ is in the range $g \in [0.42,0.6]$. Here we show that their definition of the order parameter for another candidate ground state within this coupling window---a spontaneously dimerized state---is problematic. The order parameter as defined will not detect dimer order when lattice symmeties are broken due to open boundaries or asymmetries originating from the calculation itself. Thus, a dimerized phase for some range of $g$ cannot be excluded (and is likely based on several other recent works).
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Income Inequality and the Internet of Things: interesting links between ‘socially just’ and ‘environmentally sustainable’
Creators: name: Valenzuela-Levi, Nicolás
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2017

description: Public interest on income inequality increased during the last decade. Among scholars, one of the aspects that has been researched is how does income distribution affect innovation and technology adoption. On the one side, hopes for long term economic development highlight the need to understand what drives innovation. On the other side, inequalities are fuelling social unrest and public debate on what is the fair distribution of opportunities and benefits in our societies. Consequently, the question about the link between income inequality and innovation is becoming more and more attractive.
Thin Fisher Zeroes
Creators: name: Dolan, B. P.
name: Janke, W.
name: Johnston, D. A.
name: Stathakopoulos, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Biskup et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 (2000) 4794] have recently suggested that the loci of partition function zeroes can profitably be regarded as phase boundaries in the complex temperature or field planes. We obtain the Fisher zeroes for Ising and Potts models on non-planar (``thin'') regular random graphs using this approach, and note that the locus of Fisher zeroes on a Bethe lattice is identical to the corresponding random graph. Since the number of states appears as a parameter in the Potts solution the limiting locus of chromatic zeroes is also accessible.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Escaping the Slippery Slope: Freedom of Expression and Cyberspace Regulation after the Delfi Case
Creators: name: Georgaki, Konstantina
name: Giakoumakis, Emmanuel
name: Rollo, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2016

description: In June 2015, the European Court of Human Rights delivered the final judgment in the Delfi case, where it upheld the decision of an Estonian court to fine a news portal for hosting anonymous defamatory comments. This controversial judgment has a chilling effect on freedom of expression in cyberspace and paves the way for a slippery slope leading to online censorship. The key policy issue is striking a balance between freedom of expression and other protected interests, including privacy, reputation and national security. This paper argues that holding Internet Service Providers (ISPs) liable for third-party content places a disproportionate burden on them and destabilises the architecture of Web 2.0 to the detriment of human rights. To this end, we argue that a new regulatory approach is necessary to address the rights of ISPs in the attempt to balance freedom of expression with new developments in the need for protection of personal data.
Completeness of Atomic Structure Representations
Creators: name: Nigam, Jigyasa
name: Pozdnyakov, Sergey N.
name: Huguenin-Dumittan, Kevin K.
name: Ceriotti, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we address the challenge of obtaining a comprehensive and symmetric representation of point particle groups, such as atoms in a molecule, which is crucial in physics and theoretical chemistry. The problem has become even more important with the widespread adoption of machine-learning techniques in science, as it underpins the capacity of models to accurately reproduce physical relationships while being consistent with fundamental symmetries and conservation laws. However, some of the descriptors that are commonly used to represent point clouds -- most notably those based on discretized correlations of the neighbor density, that underpin most of the existing ML models of matter at the atomic scale -- are unable to distinguish between special arrangements of particles in three dimensions. This makes it impossible to machine learn their properties. Atom-density correlations are provably complete in the limit in which they simultaneously describe the mutual relationship between all atoms, which is impractical. We present a novel approach to construct descriptors of \emph{finite} correlations based on the relative arrangement of particle triplets, which can be employed to create symmetry-adapted models with universal approximation capabilities, which have the resolution of the neighbor discretization as the sole convergence parameter. Our strategy is demonstrated on a class of atomic arrangements that are specifically built to defy a broad class of conventional symmetric descriptors, showcasing its potential for addressing their limitations.
Stock Market Forecasting Based on Text Mining Technology: A Support Vector Machine Method
Creators: name: Xie, Yancong
name: Jiang, Hongxun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: News items have a significant impact on stock markets but the ways are obscure. Many previous works have aimed at finding accurate stock market forecasting models. In this paper, we use text mining and sentiment analysis on Chinese online financial news, to predict Chinese stock tendency and stock prices based on support vector machine (SVM). Firstly, we collect 2,302,692 news items, which date from 1/1/2008 to 1/1/2015. Secondly, based on this dataset, a specific domain stop-word dictionary and a precise sentiment dictionary are formed. Thirdly, we propose a forecasting model using SVM. On the algorithm of SVM implementation, we also propose two-parameter optimization algorithms to search for the best initial parameter setting. The result shows that parameter G has the main effect, while parameter C's effect is not obvious. Furthermore, support vector regression (SVR) models for different Chinese stocks are similar whereas in support vector classification (SVC) models best parameters are quite differential. Series of contrast experiments show that: a) News has significant influence on stock market; b) Expansion input vector for additional situations when that day has no news data is better than normal input in SVR, yet is worse in SVC; c) SVR shows a fantastic degree of fitting in predicting stock fluctuation while such result has some time lag; d) News effect time lag for stock market is less than two days; e) In SVC, historic stock data has a most efficient time lag which is about 10 days, whereas in SVR this effect is not obvious. Besides, based on the special structure of the input vector, we also design a method to calculate the financial source impact factor. Result suggests that the news quality and audience number both have a significant effect on the source impact factor. Besides, for Chinese investors, traditional media has more influence than digital media.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables
Caught in the Web: The Impact of New Communication Technology on Political Participation
Creators: name: O’Briain, Declain
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2016

description: New forms of media, particularly social media, have been hailed as the great new-age tool of democratic participation while simultaneously being derided for facilitating arm chair politicking and ‘slacktivism’. Global movements such as Occupy Wall Street and the Arab Spring have utilized such technologies in what appears to be innovative and unique ways. Yet day-to-day politics in much of the developed world is met with cynicism, apathy, and voluntary non-participation. Although we recognize the potential of these new technologies, our understanding of the way in which they are shaping the political landscape is incomplete. This article will argue that the conversation needs to move beyond the viewing social media according to the above dichotomy, and instead should see social media as one of many tools that can be utilized in myiad ways. It will then close with some reflections on what this might mean for electoral policy in democratic nations, and how it might be utilized by government’s looking to re-engage their citizenry.
Eye in the Sky: Predicted Future Issues of the Proliferation of Commercial Remote Sensing
Creators: name: Kilroe, James
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2016

description: The proliferation of commercial remote sensing satellites has increased the availability of satellite images. These images are predicted to increase in spatial and temporal resolution (clarity and frequency) until satellite imagery becomes near real-time. This new technology will have positive and negative effects on society due to the dual nature of satellite imagery. This paper highlights some of the potential consequences of ubiquitous satellite imagery. Furthermore, it examines current regulations and illustrates how these regulations will be unsuitable in the future. Finally, it examines UN regulations surrounding satellite imagery and if international treaties could be used to regulate this technology.
Position of Agriculture in Sub-Saharan GDP Structure and Economic Performance
Creators: name: Tomšík, K.
name: Smutka, L.
name: Lubanda, J.-P. E.
name: Rohn, H.
name: Tomšík, K.
name: Smutka, L.
name: Lubanda, J.-P. E.
name: Rohn, H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Political Economy
subject: Sub-Saharan Africa
subject: economic development
subject: agriculture
subject: industry
subject: services
subject: gross domestic product

description: Africa is a continent with specific problems differentiating this part of the world from other regions. Low economic performance ranks most of African countries among the poorest. On the other hand, African resources and unexploited opportunities offer a potential for a considerable economic development. Agricultural sector plays a specific role in African economic development because its share in total employment and GDP formation is enormous high. The aim of the paper is to analyze main changes in area of GDP structure formation (agricultural, industrial and services sector) which have occurred in selected African (Sub-Saharan) countries during a twenty-year period. The GDP and GDP per capita in Sub-Saharan countries are compared with the world GDP and GDP per capita. The comparative analysis is performed through logarithmic regression and elasticity analysis. The idea is to analyse the relationship existing between GDP and GDP per cap in relation to the GDP value generated by agriculture, industry and services sectors. The special attention is devoted to the position of agricultural sector in relation to the other sectors. The results indicate main trends in economic development and point to the specifics that while many Sub-Saharan countries have reached the modern type of economy with prevailing services in GDP composition, agriculture still dominates in most countries in terms of employment. From the economic point of view it is worth noting that the transformation process in Sub-Saharan Africa still has not reached the level of the global economic transformation. A significant reduction of agriculture’s share in total GDP is to be expected in the future, it is also possible to expect an increasing role of processing industry and especially of services in the regional GDP.
Additional file 20: of Characterization of primary cilia during the differentiation of retinal ganglion cells in the zebrafish
Creators: name: Lepanto, Paola
name: Davison, Camila
name: Casanova, Gabriela
name: Badano, Jose
name: Zolessi, Flavio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Embryos with impaired cilia have smaller eyes and a reduced RGC layer. (PDF 2212Â kb)
Advanced Artificial Intelligence: Policy and Strategy
Creators: name: Barnes, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2016

description: AI technology has the potential to bring huge benefits to society. It is also possible that advanced Artificial General Intelligence – AI capable of performing at or above human level on a wide range of tasks – could be highly destructive, as discussed by an increasing number of experts in the field. There are many misconceptions about the field of AI and its potential dangers. The problem is not that an AI system will suddenly develop human-like emotions of anger or resentment and ‘rebel’. Rather the issues are more subtle. How can we reliably predict the behaviour of an AI system? How can we specify the goals of a system such that we avoid unanticipated side-effects? How do we ensure that those developing advanced AI are paying sufficient attention to ensuring safety, and avoid arms-race dynamics? Current technology is still a long way from human-level general intelligence, but with high stakes involved we cannot afford to proceed via trial and error and must begin to engage with these issues now. Actions that can be taken immediately include: increasing research in relevant areas of policy and computer science; setting up structures such as regular conferences to improve information flow between policymakers, academia and industry on this topic; mapping possible future scenarios and planning appropriate responses; and investing in technologies that improve our ability to forecast future events such as prediction markets.
The Hubble tension from the standpoint of quantum cosmology
Creators: name: Kuzmichev, V. E.
name: Kuzmichev, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hubble tension is analyzed in the framework of quantum cosmological approach. It is found that there arises a new summand in the expression for the total energy density stipulated by the quantum Bohm potential. This additional energy density acts similarly to a stiff matter component, modifying the expansion history of the early universe and decaying with scale factor $a$ as $a^{-6}$, faster than radiation, in late universe. Taking account of this matter-energy component of quantum nature can, in principle, eliminate a discrepancy between the direct late time model-independent measurements of the Hubble constant and its indirect model dependent estimates. The considered model allows one to extend the standard cosmology to quantum sector.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure, v.2: added a new section on numerical estimates, substantially updated the introduction and other sections, significantly expanded the list of references, revised the abstract, v.3: added a new section on stiff matter, expanded the list of references
A first quantification of the effects of absorption for HI Intensity Mapping experiments
Creators: name: Roychowdhury, Sambit
name: Dickinson, Clive
name: Browne, Ian W. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HI Intensity Mapping (IM) will be used to do precision cosmology using many existing and upcoming radio observatories. The signal will be contaminated due to absorption, the largest component of which will be the flux absorbed by the HI emitting sources themselves from the flux incident on them from background radio continuum sources. We, for the first time, provide a quantitative estimate of the magnitude of the absorbed flux compared to the emitted HI flux for various voxels placed at redshifts between 0.1 and 2.5. We use a cosmological sky simulation of the atomic HI emission line, and sum over the emitted and absorbed fluxes for all sources within voxels at different redshifts. For estimating the absorbed flux we use various relations based on existing observations as well as simulations. We find that for the same co-moving volume of sky, the HI emission falls off quickly with increasing redshift, while the absorption varies much less with redshift and follows the redshift distribution of faint sources that dominate the number counts of radio continuum sources. This results in the fraction of absorption compared to emission to be negligible in the nearby Universe (up to a redshift of ~0.5), increases to about 10% at a redshift of 1, and continues to increase to about 30% up to a redshift of 2.5. These numbers can vary significantly due to the uncertainties on the exact forms of the various relations used, the largest variation being driven by the uncertainty on the number counts of radio continuum sources at sub-mJy flux densities. Absorption of flux incident from background radio continuum sources might become an important contaminant to HI IM signals beyond redshifts of 0.5, and needs to be quantified more accurately using inputs from upcoming deep high resolution surveys of radio continuum sources, HI absorption, and HI emission with the SKA and its precursors.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. 12+3 pages, 11 Figures, 2+1 tables. New version includes additional references and corrected numbers in Appendix B
Challenges to Whole Genome Sequencing in National Healthcare Systems
Creators: name: Witte, Steven
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2016

description: Technology for sequencing DNA has advanced very rapidly over the last 15 years, and is poised to become a routine part of clinical evaluation of individuals. The health regulatory agencies in most countries have maintained a conservative position in regards to adopting genetic testing. This is due to several fears, which will be discussed. Recently, social scientists have conducted studies and surveys to find out what the public’s opinion of genetic testing is, including the public’s ability to understand results, as well as their desire to find out if they are at risk for serious diseases later in life. However, this area of research is very recent and has not yet been featured by the media.
Non-identical particle correlation analysis as a probe of transverse flow
Creators: name: Retiere, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-identical two particle correlation functions probe asymmetries between the average space-time emission points of different particle species. The system collective expansion would produce such asymmetry because massive particles, such as protons, are on average more pushed towards the edge of the system, than lighter ones, i.e. pions. Measuring pion-kaon, pion-proton and kaon-proton correlation functions, using the STAR detector, we show that the data are consistent with the effect of transverse flow in Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 130$ GeV.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, Contribution to Quark Matter 2002, Nantes, France, July 2002