Scopula incanata
Creators: name: Wanke, Dominic
name: Hausmann, Axel
name: Lee, Kyung Min
name: Murillo-Ramos, Leidys
name: Sihvonen, Pasi
name: Rajaei, Hossein
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Geometridae
Scopula
Scopula incanata

description: Scopula incanata (Linnaeus, 1758)   
(Plate 7, Figs 9–10; Plate 17, Fig. 1; Plate 25, Fig. 1; Map 9)  
 Phalaena Geometra incanata Linnaeus, 1758. Caroli Linnaei...Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (Ed. 10) 1: 528 (Europe). Syntypes (Europe) (LSL).   
 Acidalia incanata ibericata Reisser, 1935. Entomologische Rundschau, 53 (5): 78. Syntypes ca. 50 ♁, 8 ♀ (central Spain: Sierra de Gredos) (in MNCN, NHMUK, NHMV, SMNK, ZSM). Valid at subspecific rank.   
 Acidalia incanata albida Silbernagel, 1944. Zeitschrift der Wiender entomologischen Gesellschaft, 29: 154. Syntypes ♁ ♀ (Macedonia: Istok). Valid at subspecific rank.   
 Scopula incanata rubeni Viidalepp, 1979. Uchen. Zap. Tartu gos. Univ. 12 (483): 85. Holotype ♁ (Russia: Tuva: Kyzyl) (IZBE). Valid at subspecific rank.   
 Synonymies (for more details on nomenclature see Scoble 1999 and Hausmann 2004): Phalaena variegata Scopoli, 1763 (north-western Slovenia: Carniolia); Phalaena mediata Fabricius, 1776 (Germany) (ZMUC); Phalaena Geometra planata Villers, 1789 (southern France); Arrhostia incanaria Hübner, 1825 (according to Hausmann (2004: 307): emendation, partly misidentified); Idaea mutata Treitschke, 1828 (Austria: Styria; Croatia; Hungary); Acidalia mutataria Duponchel, 1830 (according to Hausmann (2004: 307): emendation); Acidalia adjunctaria Boisduval, 1840 (Italy: Lombardian Alps); Dosithea demutaria Bruand, 1846 (France, Doubs: Besancon).   
For the list of unavailable names, see Hausmann (2004).  
 Material examined: 12 ♁/ ♀ (see appendix).   
 Diagnosis. Wingspan ♁ ♀ 24–30 mm (Hausmann 2004). Ground colour (Plate 7, Figs 9–10) light grey to darker grey, transversal lines diffuse. In Iran Scopula incanata can externally be confused only with S. marginepunctata. Therefore, here these two species are diagnosed based on their genitalia characters. In the male genitalia 8th sternite basally convex, cerata medium sized (sternite basally shallow, cerata absent in S. marginepunctata) (see Plate 17, Figs 1–2).   
 In the female genitalia antrum with triangular or pentagonal sclerite (with triangular or half-moon shaped sclerite in S. marginepunctata). Lamella antevaginalis strongly sclerotized, oval (with transverse fold in S. marginepunctata) (see Plate 25, Figs 1–2).   
 Phenology. In central Europe generally bivoltine species, from early-May to mid-September, depending on good conditions trivoltine (Hausmann 2004). Investigated specimens in Iran were collected from March to August.   
 Biology. Larva polyphagous on a wide range of plant species of different families (e.g., Polygonaceae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae) (see Hausmann 2004).   
 Habitat. From 0 m to 1400 m, to 2000 m in southern Alps and to 2300 m in southern Europe (Hausmann 2004). Investigated specimens in Iran were collected from 19 m to 2700 m.   
 Distribution. Widely distributed in Europe (Hausmann 2004). Also distributed in Turkey, the Caucasus, Transcaucasus, Siberia, northern Kazakhstan and Mongolia (Hausmann 2004; Makhov 2023). Report for northern Iran was still pending (Viidalepp 1996; Hausmann 2004) but here we can confirm the occurrence of this species for the northern parts of Iran (see Map 9). Reported in the literature also for the province Tehran (Schwingenschuss 1939).   
 DNA-barcoding. Nearest species: S. scalercii with 6.1 % (see Supplementary Table S1).   
 MAP 9. Distribution patterns of the Scopula species S. incanata, S. flaccidaria, S. minorata and S. adelpharia in Iran.
description: Published as part of Wanke, Dominic, Hausmann, Axel, Lee, Kyung Min, Murillo-Ramos, Leidys, Sihvonen, Pasi & Rajaei, Hossein, 2023, Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae), pp. 1-96 in Zootaxa 5359 (1) on pages 30-31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5359.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10147920