Tanypodinae Skuse 1889
Creators: name: Cranston, Peter S.
name: Tang, Hongqu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae

description: Tanypodinae: Pentaneurini
The Pentaneurini is the most diverse tribe of Tanypodinae, regionally with at least 14 genera known as larvae, plus several informally recognised additional morphotypes (not keyed). Most genera are widely distributed including in oriental China and beyond in the Palaearctic and Australian regions. The ‘ Thienemannimyia group’ of genera is difficult to separate and may require pupal associations.
1 Palp basal segment with 2 or more sclerotized sections (Fig. 4A, B)............................................. 2
1’ Palp with single sclerotised basal segment (Fig. 4C).......................................................... 3
2(1) Palp with 2 unequal segments, base of divided 1st segment less than 0.5 length of apical part (Fig. 4A). Pseudoradula broadened posteriorly, granulation diffuse (Fig. 4D).............................................. Zavrelimyia Fittkau (part) [syn. Paramerina Fittkau, may be treated as s.g.; lotic, widespread regional; Japan; Holarctic, Neotropical, Australia]
2’ Palp multisegmented; if only 2 segments then parts subequal or greater than 0.5 length of apical segment; in some spp. with> 2 segments, basal segment may be short (Fig. 4B). Pseudoradula not broad posteriorly, granulation often in longitudinal rows (Figs. 2B, 4E)...................................................................... Ablabesmyia Johannsen [lentic, lotic, abundant, speciose, s.g. Cranston & Epler, 2013; oriental region, Niitsuma (2013), Niitsuma & Tang (2019); global]
3(1) Ligula with median tooth longer than inner teeth, reaching or surpassing level of outer teeth (Fig. 4F). SSm strongly retracted posteriorly (Fig. 4G). Anal tubules longer than posterior parapods (Fig. 4H)........................ Nilotanypus Kieffer [psammophilic lotic, widespread regionally, N. polycanthus Cheng & Wang, N. quadratus Cheng & Wang, oriental China, Cranston et al. 2022; Holarctic, Neotropical, Afrotropical, Australia]
3’ Ligula with median tooth subequal to or shorter than inner teeth (Fig. 4J). SSm not strongly retracted (Fig. 4L). Anal tubules not longer than posterior parapods........................................................................ 4
4(3) Apex of 2nd antennal segment with Lauterborn organs elongate, subequal in length to 3rd segment, giving bifid apex (Fig.
4I)................................................................................................. 5 4’ Lauterborn organs shorter or absent, apex thus not appearing bifid.............................................. 7
5 (4) Ligula teeth in straight or weakly convex row (Fig. 4J)................................. Denopelopia Roback & Rutter [eutrophic wetlands, drain. Sulawesi, oriental China, Cheng & Wang 2005b (Pe, Ashe, 1990; Liu et al. 2017, as Telmatopelopia, both error)]
5’ Ligula teeth in concave row (Fig. 4K, N)................................................................... 6
6(5) Mid-section of ligula constricted; middle tooth smaller than inner tooth (Fig. 4K). Submentum (ventral star chart) with components trapezoid (Fig. 4L)......................................................... Monopelopia Fittkau [inc. phytotelms, Indonesia (Sulawesi), oriental China (Hainan), Duan et al. 2021; Holarctic, New Zealand, monophyly and composition uncertain, Krosch et al. 2022]
6’ Middle section of ligula not so constricted; middle tooth subequal to inner tooth (Fig. 4N). Submentum (ventral star chart) with components linear (Fig. 4M)............................................................ Krenopelopia Fittkau [krenobiont, small lotic, Indonesia (Java), Singapore, Japan; Holarctic]
7 (4) Mandible with large molar tooth (Fig. 5A)................................................................. 8 7’ Mandible with mola tooth indistinct or absent (Fig. 5I)........................................................ 9
8(7) Dorsal head with pore (DP) (Fig. 5B). Ligula with teeth directed anteriorly (Fig. 5C). Antennal ratio> 3.5. Small claws of posterior parapod without inner tooth........................................................... Larsia Fittkau [lotic, Indonesia (Sulawesi), L. albiceps (Johannsen) widespread Thailand, China, spp. on Pe; Holarctic, Neotropical, Afrotropical, Australia (Cranston & Krosch 2021)]
8’ Dorsal pore absent. Ligula with apices of inner teeth directed slightly to strongly outward (Fig. 5D). Antennal ratio <3.5. Small claw(s) of posterior parapod often with inner tooth (Fig. 5E).................................... Zavrelimyia Fittkau [lotic, includes previous Paramerina spp. Regionally speciose and widespread, e.g. Z. ignobilis, Z. dulosa, Z. facili s, Z. alterna (all Johannsen) (Indonesia, inc. Sumatra, Bali, Java). Holarctic, Neotropical]
9(7) Palp with ring organ near middle of basal segment (Fig. 5F)................................... Trissopelopia Kieffer [lotic, lentic, ♂. (perhaps only 1 common sp., T. oyabetrispinosa (Sasa, Kawai & Ueno), oriental China (Sichuan, Shaanxi), Cheng & Wang 2005a; Holarctic (inc. Japan), Nepal (Roback & Coffman 1987), Afrotropical, Neotropical]
9’ Palp with ring organ subapical on basal segment (Fig. 5G, H).................................... ‘ Thienemannimyia group’*............................................................................................ 10
10(9) Palp with b sensillum 3-segmented (Fig. 5G).............................................................. 11 10’ Palp with b sensillum 2-segmented (Fig. 5H).............................................................. 12
11(10) Mandible with teeth essentially absent (Fig. 5I). Pseudoradula tapers from base to apex, c. 20% of M-Appendage width at midpoint (Fig. 5K).................................................................... Rheopelopia Fittkau [rheophilous; R. joganflava (Sasa & Okazawa), R. tuberculata (Chaudhuri & Debnath) in oriental China. Holarctic (c. 10 spp.)]
11’ Mandible with accessory tooth visible at 400x (Fig. 5J). Pseudoradula narrow, ca. 10% of M-Appendage width with granulation in 5–8 rows (Fig. 5L).......................................................... Coffmania Hazra & Chaudhuri [3–4 regional spp. (India), L in drains in Singapore; C. insignis Niitsuma, oriental China, Japan]
12(10) Pseudoradula narrow, ca.10% of width of M appendage; granulation in 5–8 closely adjacent, near parallel rows (Fig. 5M). Cephalic setae S9 and S10 adjacent, separated by width of VP (Fig. 5N)........................ Conchapelopia Fittkau [lotic, lentic, eurythermic. Indonesia (Sulawesi) C. insolens Murray; C. brachiata Niitsuma & Tang, oriental China; global exc. Australia]
12’ Pseudoradula>20% of width of M appendage, tapered; granulation in at least 8 rows. Cephalic setae S9 and S10 more widely separated (Fig. 5Q) or approximated (Fig. 5O)............................................................. 13
13(12) Cephalic setae S9 near S10, anterior to alignment of SSm and ventral pore (VP) (Fig. 5O). Posterior parapod with 5 small thick, dark claws, lacking an elongate long claw (Fig. 5P)....................................... Thienemannimyia Fittkau [lotic, lentic, Indonesia (Sulawesi), Thailand, regionally speciose, abundant, 5 spp. oriental China (Cheng & Wang 2009); includes Hayesomyia Murray & Fittkau; global]
13’ Cephalic setae S9 distant from S10, posterior / laterally aligned SSm and VP (Fig. 5Q).......... Amnihayesomyia Niitsuma [lotic, A. vittata Tang & Niitsuma, oriental China (Guangdong, Yunnan), 2110 m. 7 spp. from elevation in Nepal and adjacent palaearctic China, Tang & Niitsuma 2020a. Holarctic, inc. Japan]
description: Published as part of Cranston, Peter S. & Tang, Hongqu, 2024, An identification guide to the genera of aquatic larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of south-east Asia, pp. 151-193 in Zootaxa 5497 (2) on pages 157-160, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5497.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13618241