cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Kinematics and dynamics of Gaia red clump stars
Creators: name: Salomon, Jean-Baptiste
name: Bienaymé, Olivier
name: Reylé, Céline
name: Robin, Annie C.
name: Famaey, Benoit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the kinematics and dynamics of a homogeneous sample of red clump stars selected from the second Gaia data release catalogue in the direction of the Galactic poles. The level of completeness of the sample at heights between 0.6 and 3.5 kpc is asserted by comparison with the 2 Micron All Sky Survey catalogue. We show that both the density distribution and velocity dispersion are significantly more perturbed in the North than in the South, in all analysed regions of our Galactic neighbourhoods. We provide a detailed assessment of these North-South asymmetries at large heights. We then proceed to evaluate how such asymmetries could affect determinations of the dynamical matter density under equilibrium assumptions. We find that a Jeans analysis delivers relatively similar vertical forces and integrated dynamical surface densities at large heights above the plane in both hemispheres. At these heights, the densities of stars and gas are very low and the surface density is largely dominated by dark matter, which allows to estimate, separately in the North and South, the local dark matter density derived under equilibrium assumptions. In the presence of vertical perturbations, such values should be considered as an upper limit. This Jeans analysis yields values of the local dark matter density above 2~kpc, $ρ_{\rm DM} \sim 0.013 \, {\rm M}_\odot/{\rm pc}^3$ ($ \sim 0.509 \, {\rm GeV/cm}^3$) in the perturbed Northern hemisphere, and $ρ_{\rm DM} \sim 0.010 \, {\rm M}_\odot/{\rm pc}^3$ ($ \sim 0.374 \, {\rm GeV/cm}^3$) in the much less perturbed South. As a comparison, we determine the local dark matter density by fitting a global phase-space distribution to the data. We end up with a value in the range of $ρ_{\rm DM} \sim 0.011 - 0.014 \, {\rm M}_\odot/{\rm pc}^3$ in global agreement with Jeans analysis.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures, accepted in A&A
Weak-coupling Treatment of Electronic (Anti-)Ferroelectricity in the Extended Falicov-Kimball Model
Creators: name: Schneider, Claudia
name: Czycholl, Gerd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the (spinless) Falicov-Kimball model extended by a finite band width (hopping $t_f$) of the localized (f-) electrons in infinite dimensions in the weak-coupling limit of a small local interband Coulomb correlation $U$ for half filling. In the case of overlapping conduction- and f-bands different kinds of ordered solutions are possible, namely charge-density wave (CDW) order, electronic ferroelectricity (EFE) and electronic antiferroelectricity (EAFE). The order parameters are calculated as a function of the model parameters and of the temperature. There is a first-order phase transition from the CDW-phase to the EFE- or EAFE-phase. The total energy is calculated to determine the thermodynamically stable solution. The quantum phase diagrams are calculated.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Symmetry induced turbulent scaling laws for arbitrary moments and their validation with DNS and experimental data: A fact-check
Creators: name: Frewer, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Turbulence
subject: Lie Groups
subject: Symmetries
subject: Statistical Symmetries
subject: Scaling
subject: Intermittency
subject: Closure Problem
subject: https://publishing.aip.org/publishing/pacs/pacs-reg00#05
subject: https://publishing.aip.org/publishing/pacs/pacs-reg40#47
subject: https://publishing.aip.org/publishing/pacs/pacs-reg00#02

description: A fact-check is presented to a Webinar recently held at the Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society (AFMS) on symmetries and its applications in turbulence [M. Oberlack, Oct. 14th, 2020: https://www.afms.org.au/events.html]. More than a dozen of statements made therein prove to be misleading and partly even mathematically incorrect. No knowledge in Lie-group symmetry theory is required to recognize, for example, that the presented scaling theory for turbulent channel and pipe flow is misleading: Instead of matching the determined scaling laws to the relevant fluctuation correlations, they are matched to the irrelevant correlations of the full velocity field, which in configurations with a strong mean flow, as in channel or pipe flow, effectively just equate to the exponentiated mean velocity field. In other words, the presented approach only proves to be a curve-fitting process for the exponentiated mean velocity, and not for the physically interesting and relevant fluctuation correlations. But not only misleading, also mathematically incorrect statements are made: For example, two nonphysical invariants are used, which generate the scalings not only in the wrong way, but also give a false picture of the intermittency and the non-Gaussian behavior in turbulence. Ultimately, the main message with the fact-check here is that the Lie-group symmetry method alone, like any other analytical method, cannot bypass the closure problem of turbulence, as is falsely claimed.
description: Q&A, review comments and final remarks were added.
A review of the Statistical Mechanics approach to Random Optimization Problems
Creators: name: Altarelli, Fabrizio
name: Monasson, Remi
name: Semerjian, Guilhem
name: Zamponi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We review the connection between statistical mechanics and the analysis of random optimization problems, with particular emphasis on the random k-SAT problem. We discuss and characterize the different phase transitions that are met in these problems, starting from basic concepts. We also discuss how statistical mechanics methods can be used to investigate the behavior of local search and decimation based algorithms.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures. Contribution to the book "Handbook of Satisfiability" to be published in 2008 by IOS press
SYMPA, a dedicated instrument for Jovian Seismology. II. Real performance and first results
Creators: name: Gaulme, Patrick
name: Schmider, F. X.
name: Gay, Jean
name: Jacob, Cedric
name: Alvarez, Manuel
name: Reyes, Mauricio
name: Belmonte, Juan Antonio
name: Fossat, Eric
name: Jeanneaux, Francois
name: Valtier, Jean-Claude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Due to its great mass and its rapid formation, Jupiter has played a crucial role in shaping the Solar System. The knowledge of its internal structure would strongly constrain the solar system formation mechanism. Seismology is the most efficient way to probe directly the internal structure of giant planets. Aims. SYMPA is the first instrument dedicated to the observations of free oscillations of Jupiter. Principles and theoretical performance have been presented in paper I. This second paper describes the data processing method, the real instrumental performance and presents the first results of a Jovian observation run, lead in 2005 at Teide Observatory. Methods. SYMPA is a Fourier transform spectrometer which works at fixed optical path difference. It produces Doppler shift maps of the observed object. Velocity amplitude of Jupiter's oscillations is expected below 60 cm/s. Results Despite light technical defects, the instrument demonstrated to work correctly, being limited only by photon noise, after a careful analysis. A noise level of about 12 cm/s has been reached on a 10-night observation run, with 21 % duty cycle, which is 5 time better than previous similar observations. However, no signal from Jupiter is clearly highlighted.
description: 13 pages, 26 figures
PERCEIVED FAULTLINE IMPACT IN TEMPORARY DISTRIBUTED TEAMS: EXAMINING THE ROLE OF NORMS OF TECHNOLOGY USE
Creators: name: Ahmad, Rahayu
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014
Subjects: conflict
distributed teams
faultline
norms technology
team performance

description:  As distributed teams are inherently heterogeneous, they have a greater tendency to fracture into subgroups which result from the misalignment of demographics, geography, or values of the team members. This is referred in the literature as a faultline. Current studies of faultline have focused on collocated teams, which differ from distributed teams in terms of their primary mechanism of interaction: face-to-face vs. computer-mediated. As distributed teams mainly rely on computer mediated communication, there is greater possibility of members making inaccurate and stereotyped impressions that can negatively affect them in working together as a team. Additionally, current faultline research has fixated on demographic attributes. Although these studies are insightful, there are other attributes that are more pertinent in influencing subgroups on distributed teams, specifically. This study extends the body of knowledge on faultline and distributed teams through the development of a model that systematically investigates antecedents of subgroup processes and team performance. The model was empirically tested with survey data collected from 225 graduate students in 53 distributed project teams, using Partial Least Squares method. Research results demonstrated several novel insights into how perceived faultlines impact team performances.  Firstly, in temporary distributed teams, the alignment of time orientation attributes and relationship values, also known as dormant faultlines, are positively correlated with the sense of division among team members (a perceived faultine). Secondly, this perceived faultline is negatively related to perceived team performance through the presence of task and relationship conflicts. In other words, both relationship and task conflict mediated the relationship of perceived faultline and perceived team performance. Thirdly, while this perceived faultline negatively correlates with team performance, the norms of technology significantly moderate the negative relationship of task conflict on team performance. The results suggest that the negative relationship between task conflict and team performance was reduced in  teams  having  higher  norms  of  technology  use  for  supporting  task  awareness,  task coordination, and interactions. Finally, implications for research and practice are presented with potential avenues for future research. 
Quantum Hall edge states under periodic driving: a Floquet induced chirality switch
Creators: name: Huamán, A.
name: Torres, L. E. F. Foa
name: Balseiro, C. A.
name: Usaj, Gonzalo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the fate of the quantum Hall effect in graphene under strong laser illumination. By using Floquet theory combined with both a low energy description and full tight-binding models, we clarify the selection rules, the quasienergy band structure, as well as their connection with the two-terminal and multi-terminal conductance in a device setup as relevant for experiments. We show that the well-known dynamical gaps that appear in the Floquet spectrum at $\pm\,\hbarΩ/2$ lead to a switch-off of the quantum Hall edge transport for different edge terminations except for the armchair one, where two terms cancel out exactly. More interestingly, we show that near the Dirac point changing the laser polarization (circular right or circular left) controls the Hall conductance, by allowing to switch it on or off, or even by flipping its sign, thereby reversing the chirality of the edge states. This might lead to new avenues to fully control topologically protected transport.
description: 19 pages, 19 figures
WMAP First Year Sky Map: Hints of Poincare Dodecahedral Topology
Creators: name: Roukema, Boudewijn F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several analyses of the cosmic microwave background map made by the satellite WMAP suggest that the global shape of a spatial section of the Universe is that of a Poincare dodecahedral space. A summary of some of these analyses and a description of independent tests which should be able to either increase confidence in the hypothesis or else refute it to extremely high significance will be presented.
description: v1 submitted to Proceedings of the Albert Einstein Century International Conference, held in Paris, France, July 18-22, 2005 - after it is published, it will be found at http://proceedings.aip.org/proceedings/, v2 has minor correction to one reference
Strychnos nux vomica: ‘Kajara’ A wild plant
Creators: name: Tari, Vinaya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 50102 Ecosystem Function
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Strychnos nux vomica is the evergreen tropical tree. This tree is widely available in the Konkan region of India. It is being used as medicine in Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Chinese, Folk medicine, Tibetian, etc. since ancient times. However, much research has been carried out for its potential pesticidal activity. This article mainly discusses the classification, physical characteristics, uses, phytochemical constituents of Strychnos nux vomica, etc.
The sigma -> gamma gamma Width from Nucleon Electromagnetic Polarizabilities
Creators: name: Bernabeu, Jose
name: Prades, Joaquim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lightest QCD resonance, the sigma, has been recently fixed in the pi-pi scattering amplitude. The nature of this state remains nowadays one of the most intriguing and difficult issues in particle physics. Its coupling to photons is crucial to discriminate its structure. We propose a new method that fixes this coupling using only available precise experimental data on the proton electromagnetic polarizabilities together with analyticity and unitarity. Taking into account the uncertainties in the analysis and in the parameter values, our result is Gamma_{pole}(sigma -> gamma gamma) = (1.2 +- 0.4) KeV.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure. v2: Matches published version. v3: Small errata in Eq. (3) corrected
Improving Access to Mobile Technologies Using Tactile Feedback
Creators: name: Qian, Huimin
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014
Subjects: Mobile interfaces
Multimodal communication
Non-visual interaction
Situationally-induced impairments and disabilities
Tactile icons
Tactile interfaces

description: Mobile technologies offer the benefits of portability and ubiquity. However, their reliance on small visual displays and realistic settings (e.g. while on the move) can introduce a variety of usability challenges to users, causing situational-induced impairments and disabilities (SIIDs). While the sense of touch provides one solution to supporting users with SIIDs, the tactile feedback provided by current mobile technologies is relatively simple in nature, often based on the metaphorical associations arbitrarily dictated by interface designers. Furthermore, these cues are yet to be extensively evaluated outside of controlled environments. This dissertation aimed to address these limitations. Firstly, we studied the range of discernible tactile icons (tactons) that can be presented via standard mobile technologies. Findings highlighted the role of intensity in supporting tactile recognition as well as the impact of duration, interval and intensity on task time. We also examined the use of tactons in a mobile exertion application, designed to help individuals monitor and modify walking behavior. Usability tests of the application proved its utility in communicating alerts and promoting physical activity among users. Secondly, we examined the impact of situational distractors (i.e. sound and movement) on the perception of multi-parametered tactons. Results indicated the negative effects of these distractors on recognition accuracy, time taken and cognitive workload. However, some tactile designs (e.g. those encoded with stronger intensities) were found to be able to better resist such effects. Our findings highlighted the importance of evaluating mobile interfaces in more realistic contexts. Thirdly, we investigated the intuitiveness of tactile mappings between tactile parameters (e.g. intensity of vibrations) and message features (e.g. urgency of messages) for mobile notifications. A paired-comparison task was performed.  Using this approach, we identified the tactile mappings rated with the highest preference scores. Tactons designed using these mappings were proved to be more effective in field-based settings.  The dissertation has culminated in a set of design guidelines relating to the design and evaluation of tactons for use in mobile interactions. These guidelines may help the mobile interface developers to construct effective tactile feedback, and improve users' access to mobile technologies in distracting contexts.
Human activity recognition for production and logistics - a systematic literature review
Creators: name: Reining, Christopher
name: Fink, Gernot A.
name: Ten Hompel, Michael
name: Niemann, Friedrich
name: Moya Rueda, Fernando
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 620
subject: 670

description: This contribution provides a systematic literature review of Human Activity Recognition for Production and Logistics. An initial list of 1243 publications that complies with predefined Inclusion Criteria was surveyed by three reviewers. Fifty-two publications that comply with the Content Criteria were analysed regarding the observed activities, sensor attachment, utilised datasets, sensor technology and the applied methods of HAR. This review is focused on applications that use marker-based Motion Capturing or Inertial Measurement Units. The analysed methods can be deployed in industrial application of Production and Logistics or transferred from related domains into this field. The findings provide an overview of the specifications of state-of-the-art HAR approaches, statistical pattern recognition and deep architectures and they outline a future road map for further research from a practitioner’s perspective.
description: Information. Special Issue "Human Activity Recognition and Movement Analysis on Smartphones and Personal Devices";10. 2019, Heft 8
Simulating craniofacial growth
Creators: name: Coughlan, Kevin Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Current methods for facial reconstruction are tedious and time-consuming, and require forensic artists with years of practical experience. Furthermore, the complexity of the reconstruction problem greatly increases when time-related factors come into play, such as those that occur in missing children scenarios. This thesis describes a software system for simulating the growth of the craniofacial skeleton. It is a first step towards our goal of a complete software package for three-dimensional craniofacial reconstruction. There is a tremendous amount of data on craniofacial growth in the form of studies that collect frontal and lateral cephalograms, which can be used to generate three-dimensional coordinates of landmarks on the craniofacial skeleton at various ages. We define a simplified model of bone growth that uses these landmarks to drive the growth of the rest of the craniofacial skeleton. The inputs to our growth model include a triangular mesh acquired from the bone to be grown (e.g. skull, mandible), a set of vertices on the mesh identified as landmarks, the coordinates of these landmarks through time, and vertex weights which are a measure of the influence exerted by landmarks on the rest of the vertices. The output is a triangular mesh, "grown" either forwards or backwards in time to a specified age. An expert in craniofacial growth assigns these vertex weights by using a specialized tool called Krayola. We also provide a tool for automatically generating a first approximation for the vertex weights of a new mesh given the weights previously assigned to a mesh of similar bone type (e.g. skull, mandible). Validation of our growth model is an outstanding issue; we lack three-dimensional data (e.g. from CT scans) for an individual through time, with which we would compare the output of our software. For now, we must be content with the expert opinion of our colleagues in the Department of Dentistry's craniofacial reconstruction group, who are quite pleased with our results so far.
Exploring Healthcare Consumer Acceptance of Personal Health Information Management Technology - Personal Health Record Systems
Creators: name: Wu, Huijuan
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: design guidelines
healthcare
human-computer interaction
personal health information management
personal health records
user-centered design

description: Healthcare technologies are evolving from a practitioner-centric model to a patient-centric model due to the increasing need for technology that directly serves healthcare consumers, including healthy people and patients. Personal health information management (PHIM) technology is one of the technologies designed to enhance an individual's ability to manage their personal health information. Healthcare consumers struggle with common challenges of PHIM, but the acceptance of PHIM technology, such as personal health record (PHR) systems, has not yet become widespread.  This thesis employed mixed methods to identify and understand the factors that influence healthcare consumer acceptance and usage of PHIM technologies, and to improve the user interface design of PHIM technology from consumers' perspectives. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied including 1) questionnaire surveys to identify and measure factors influencing the acceptance and usage of PHIM technologies; 2) interviews for a deeper understanding the critical factors determined from the questionnaire survey, and to explore the solution to improve the user interface from consumers' perspective; and 3) controlled experiments to validate the important factors and the design guidelines determined through the questionnaire survey and interview studies. The research results indicated an overall low usage rate among PHR systems (about 10%). Six factors were identified to be associated with use intention. Perceived usefulness and health information understandability explained 26% of the variance of the use intention (R^2=0.26, p<0.001) in the regression model. Additionally, use intention was found to be associated with personalization (r=0.56, p<0.001), patient-clinician communication (r=0.50, p<0.001), social influence (r=0.54, p<0.001), and willingness to share (r=0.52, p<0.001). User interface design guidelines were proposed and validated regarding perceived usefulness, health information understandability, personalization, and patient-clinician communication. Future work can involve larger-scale studies testing more tailored design features to compensate for the evolving technology expectations of healthcare consumers.
Plasmons in the van der Waals charge-density-wave material 2H-TaSe2
Creators: name: Song, Chaoyu
name: Yuan, Xiang
name: Huang, Ce
name: Huang, Shenyang
name: Xing, Qiaoxia
name: Wang, Chong
name: Zhang, Cheng
name: Xie, Yuangang
name: Lei, Yuchen
name: Wang, Fanjie
name: Mu, Lei
name: Zhang, Jiasheng
name: Xiu, Faxian
name: Yan, Hugen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plasmons in two-dimensional (2D) materials beyond graphene have recently gained much attention. However, the experimental investigation is limited due to the lack of suitable materials. Here, we experimentally demonstrate localized plasmons in a correlated 2D charge-density-wave (CDW) material: 2H-TaSe2. The plasmon resonance can cover a broad spectral range from the terahertz (40 μm) to the telecom (1.55 μm) region, which is further tunable by changing thickness and dielectric environments. The plasmon dispersion flattens at large wave vectors, resulted from the universal screening effect of interband transitions. More interestingly, anomalous temperature dependence of plasmon resonances associated with CDW excitations is observed. In the CDW phase, the plasmon peak close to the CDW excitation frequency becomes wider and asymmetric, mimicking two coupled oscillators. Our study not only reveals the universal role of the intrinsic screening on 2D plasmons, but also opens an avenue for tunable plasmons in 2D correlated materials.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures
Numerical determination of the material properties of porous dust cakes
Creators: name: Paszun, D.
name: Dominik, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of planetesimals requires the growth of dust particles through collisions. Micron-sized particles must grow by many orders of magnitude in mass. In order to understand and model the processes during this growth, the mechanical properties, and the interaction cross sections of aggregates with surrounding gas must be well understood. Recent advances in experimental (laboratory) studies now provide the background for pushing numerical aggregate models onto a new level. We present the calibration of a previously tested model of aggregate dynamics. We use plastic deformation of surface asperities as the physical model to bring critical velocities for sticking into accordance with experimental results. The modified code is then used to compute compression strength and the velocity of sound in the aggregate at different densities. We compare these predictions with experimental results and conclude that the new code is capable of studying the properties of small aggregates.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
New Export China: Translations across time and place in contemporary Chinese porcelain art (1996-2016)
Creators: name: Burchmore, Alexander
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2019

description: Porcelain has long been a global medium, exported from China to markets around the world. Over the past two decades this historical prestige has been enhanced by the work of contemporary Chinese artists for whom china, the material, is emblematic of China, the country, and an ideal means to interrogate such identification. Taking Ah Xian, Sin-ying Ho, Liu Jianhua and Ai Weiwei as case-studies, this dissertation analyses the reasons for their shared decision to use porcelain, proposing an original interpretive paradigm for their work as a form of "New Export China". Works by these artists are analysed in five chapters, each dedicated to a defining feature and artistic motivation. The first chapter analyses the tension between artists' attraction to the historic and cultural aura of porcelain, and their desire to question this authority. The second examines the tension between their use of mass-production technologies, and their need to distinguish their work from that of the artisans they employ to produce it. The third chapter traces the tension between a desire to reconnect with a lost sense of Chineseness and the realisation that cultural identity is a composite fabrication. The fourth exposes the tension between the superficial appeal of porcelain and the depths of meaning that can be concealed beneath an attractive facade. Finally, the fifth chapter analyses the tension between an isolating exoticism and the bodily desires that express our shared humanity. Underlying each of these tensions is an enduring awareness of the mobility and flexibility associated with porcelain, as a medium long exported around the world. These artists and their work exist in an interstitial space of artistic practice, in between cultural and historic contexts, yet they are grounded not only by their specific life experiences but by a fascination with the locality of Jingdezhen, China's "Porcelain City". In addition to the much-needed attention given to a material that has yet to receive sustained analysis as a medium for contemporary artistic expression, the innovation of this thesis is therefore to propose an art-historical model in which the assumption that works by Chinese artists are solely derived from or reflective of a Chinese context is displaced by a recognition of the multiple contexts and frames of reference in which they gain meaning, across both space and time.
Farmers’ Decision-Making in Relation to Rice-Based Farming Systems in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Creators: name: Hua, Hieu Hong
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Decision-making
Climate change
Climate variability
Social capital
Livelihood
Livelihood capital
Agricultural cooperative
Large-sized farm
Farmer club
Resilience of organization
Collective decision
Individual decision

description: Rice-based farming systems have changed in recent years in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta through an increase in crop intensity (more crops each year) and higher quality varieties than a decade ago. Although a range of policies relating to food security contributed to increasing rice productivity, it has still had a range of climatic and non-climatic constraints and threats occur in relation to how farmers decide about their rice-based farming systems. This study investigates the major decisions that farmers have to make about their rice-based farming systems through case studies from three provinces, An Giang, Can Tho and Bac Lieu in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. The four main questions were: 1. What are the major decisions that farmers have to make about their rice-based farming systems that they wish to implement each year? 2. Which factors influence farmers’ decision-making for rice-based farming systems, and how will these factors influence them? 3. How have farmers made collective and individual decisions for their rice-based farming systems? 4. What are the consequences of the major decisions about rice-based farming systems and household livelihoods? The conceptual framework of this thesis was built around a household livelihood framework. A wide range of quantitative and qualitative data were collected, including 319 household surveys, 47 in-depth interviews and 18 focus group discussions across the six communes. The study found that in An Giang and Can Tho provinces the majority of farmers chose to implement a system of three rice crops a year with their decisions influenced by the need to retain a portion of the crop for household consumption, market price, and through agreements with neighbours regarding the flooding and draining of shared compounds within dykes. In those two provinces farmers tended to favour collective decision-making in relation to dyke construction and the drainage of their paddy fields, for deciding the seasonal calendar for planting and harvesting and for the selection of seed varieties. However, in many cases cooperation took the form of working together in time and place but did not extend to sharing economic costs and benefits. In Bac Lieu province the majority of farmers chose to implement integrated rice-shrimp systems because of saline water. In this province the pattern of individual and collective decision-making was similar to the other two provinces but there was a greater tendency to combine for the purposes of marketing because fewer rice traders were operating in Bac Lieu. In all three provinces collective decisions through farmer organisations had declined because of increasing conflict between members and declining government support for collective organisations.
Pressure Engineering of the Dirac Fermions in Quasi-One-Dimensional Tl$_2$Mo$_6$Se$_6$
Creators: name: Song, Ziwan
name: Li, Bin
name: Xu, Chunqiang
name: Wu, Sixuan
name: Qian, Bin
name: Chen, Tong
name: Biswas, Pabitra K.
name: Xu, Xiaofeng
name: Sun, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological band dispersions other than the standard Dirac or Weyl fermions have garnered the increasing interest in materials science. Among them, the cubic Dirac fermions were recently proposed in the family of quasi-one-dimensional conductors A$_2$Mo$_6$X$_6$ (A= Na, K, In, Tl; X= S, Se, Te), where the band crossing is characterized by a linear dispersion in one $k$-space direction but the cubic dispersion in the plane perpendicular to it. It is not yet clear, however, how the external perturbations can alter these nontrivial carriers and ultimately induce a new distinct quantum phase. Here we study the evolution of Dirac fermions, in particular the cubic Dirac crossing, under external pressure in the representative quasi-one-dimensional Tl$_2$Mo$_6$Se$_6$ via the first-principles calculations. Specifically, it is found that the topological properties, including the bulk Dirac crossings and the topological surface states, change progressively under pressure up to 50 GPa where it undergoes a structural transition from the hexagonal phase to body-centered tetragonal phase. Above 50 GPa, the system is more likely to be topologically trivial. Further, we also investigate its phonon spectra, which reveals a gradual depletion of the negative phonon modes with pressure, consistent with the more three-dimensional Fermi surface in the high-pressure phase. Our work may provide a useful guideline for further experimental search and the band engineering of the topologically nontrivial fermions in this intriguing state of matter.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Third-order nonlinear optical properties of ruthenium alkynyl complexes
Creators: name: Barlow, Adam
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2015

description: The field of nonlinear optics has expanded rapidly over the last 50 years as these nonlinear optical (NLO) effects are increasing utilised in devices. NLO involves the manipulation of light by as it travels through a material, which has the potential to be used in all optical data processing as well as intensity dependent imaging. These applications demand new materials with large nonlinear optical properties, of which organometallics and metal coordination complexes have a good reputation. Organometallics, especially ruthenium alkynyl complexes permit many different structural alterations which result in linear and nonlinear optical property tuning allowing for precise design of materials, however understanding of the structure-property relationships is imperative for such design. In this work, complexes with a systematically varied structure have been had their third order nonlinear optical properties analysed utilising the Z-scan technique covering a broad wavelength range; the nonlinear absorptive properties being of particular interest. Comparison of these results allows for determination of structural moieties that give high NLO response. Ruthenium alkynyl dendrimers have considerable nonlinear absorptive properties and the second part of this work covers the modification of the core structure to assess its potential for inclusion into larger systems. The level of core substitution (the number of arms branching from the core) and even the core symmetry influences the electronic properties of the molecule and therefore the nonlinear optical properties. The design limitations and synthesis of ruthenium alkynyl complexes with twelve different core substitutions is detailed and the optical and nonlinear optical properties discussed.
t-Class Semigroups of Integral Domains
Creators: name: Kabbaj, S.
name: Mimouni, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13C20; 13F05; 11R65; 11R29; 20M14

description: The t-class semigroup of an integral domain is the semigroup of the isomorphy classes of the t-ideals with the operation induced by ideal t-multiplication. This paper investigates ring-theoretic properties of an integral domain that reflect reciprocally in the Clifford or Boolean property of its t-class semigroup. Contexts (including Lipman and Sally-Vasconcelos stability) that suit best t-multiplication are studied in an attempt to generalize well-known developments on class semigroups. We prove that a Prufer v-multiplication domain (PVMD) is of Krull type (in the sense of Griffin) if and only if its t-class semigroup is Clifford. This extends Bazzoni and Salce's results on valuation domains and Prufer domains. We also characterize GCD domains with Boolean t-class semigroup, recovering thus recent results on Bezout domains.
description: Section 4 was removed. J. Reine Angew. Math. (to appear), 17 pages
EXPLOITING THE ROLE OF POLARITY IN CITATION ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Amadi, Uchechukwuka Peter
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014
Subjects: Bibliometrics
Citation Analysis
Citation Location
Citation Polarity
Content Analysis
Self Citation

description: Citation analysis has been widely used as an important factor in the assessment of research impact, which plays a role in advancing an academic field and in recognizing the research reputation and contribution of papers, authors, groups, institutions, and journals. Traditional citation analysis methods are based on the counts of citations or publications. Despite that more recent bibliometric indicators such as the H-index attempts to address the quality of publications, they are still based on statistical counts.  Consequently, extant methods for citation analysis have largely overlooked the context in which articles are referenced such as the opinions of the citing authors, and have not been able to resolve the inconsistent findings about the impact of self-citations.  The primary objective of this research is to address the limitations of the state-of-the-art citation analysis methods by examining the context as well as content of citations. The context is manifested in the polarity and the location of citations. Specifically, the polarity of citations is classified through content analysis into one of the three categories: positive, negative and neutral. The location of citations was measured in terms of common structural components of a research article.  The secondary objective of the research is to examine the possible influence of self-citation on the outcome of citation analysis.  The proposed methods for citation analysis are evaluated using real-world data collected from digital databases of publications. Using the traditional count based method as the baseline, the experiment results demonstrate that the proposed methods not only offer a new perspective for citation analysis but also provide an alternative explanation for the influence of self-citations.
Multilayer SERS Substrates and Their Application to Immuno-Nanosensors
Creators: name: Li, Honggang
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2007
Subjects: Chemistry, Analytical (0486)
Chemistry, General (0485)

description: Understanding the complex biological signaling pathways within individual living cells and their inter-relationship with each other has long been a goal of systems biology.  This requires the ability to simultaneously monitor a large number of biochemical species with both temporal and spatial resolution.  Currently, techniques such as high throughput screening represent the state-of-the-art in such analyses, with the ability to monitor hundreds of different species in a single analysis.  However, such techniques typically require the cells to be lysed and analyzed via time course measurements, providing limited temporal resolution and minimal to no spatial distribution information about the chemical species measured.  This dissertation describes the development of a novel class of intracellular surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) immuno-nanosensors with the potential for multiplexed analyses of as many as 50 - 100 different chemical species in a location specific fashion, within complex biological environments; thereby providing the first means of potentially monitoring multiple biochemical species in a non-destructive and real-time fashion in living cells.  Development and characterization of these nanosensors was accomplished through a series of studies aimed at developing sensitive and selective SERS probes that could be fabricated through a generic process.  The first portion of this work involved developing a novel SERS sensing platform, which resulted in: (a) discovery and characterization of unique multilayer SERS enhancements from silver SERS substrates, (b) evaluation of the effects of different size nanostructures on the enhancements from these multilayer substrates, (c) evaluation of the role dielectric spacer materials on these multilayer enhancements, and (d) expansion of this multilayer phenomenon to gold SERS substrates, providing biologically compatible sensor platforms that are stable for months.  Detailed studies on the optical properties, SERS signal enhancing ability, reproducibility of signal (i.e., <5.2 % RSD) as well as surface roughness were investigated. Following optimization of the multilayer SERS substrate platforms, development of a generic antibody binding process was achieved, allowing fabrication of different immuno-nanosensors that are capable of the label-free detection of specific proteins in cell-like environments.  Upon optimization, the nanosensors were evaluated by monitoring their response to various antigens in complex biological environments.
The Frontlines of Diplomacy: Humanitarian Negotiations with Armed Groups
Creators: name: Clements, Ashley
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2019

description: Humanitarian organisations are regularly compelled to negotiate with armed groups over access to and protection for civilians affected by conflict. Yet, they are widely perceived to engage in these negotiations from a position of weakness, leading to poor deals and heavy compromises that undermine the humanitarian principles that underpin their work. This thesis investigates whether humanitarian negotiators can overcome their purportedly weak bargaining position to reach more balanced agreements with armed groups. My empirical research focuses on Yemen's Houthi movement and the Kachin Independence Army in Myanmar, drawing also on a number of case illustrations from across the literature on the field. It argues that although humanitarian negotiators face an initial disadvantage, under certain conditions they can exert more influence over the position of their armed counterparts than their counterparts exert over them. Humanitarian negotiators thus have a range of tactical options or 'humanitarian levers' available to redress the power imbalance and improve negotiated outcomes. These tactics can be deployed both within and beyond the formal negotiation process and operate on power relations in three main ways. They improve the alternatives available to the weaker party and worsen those of their counterparts, they strengthen the commitment of humanitarian negotiators while undermining that of their opponent, and they foster interdependence that induces armed groups to seek agreement. Growing recognition and use of such tactics add support to a relatively small body of literature on an under-theorised form of diplomacy: humanitarian diplomacy. This thesis reconceptualises the phenomenon of humanitarian negotiation as a central practice of the emerging field of humanitarian diplomacy. It presents insights that enable humanitarian negotiators to reach more balanced agreements when negotiating with armed groups and identifies lessons from this distinctive field that contribute to other areas of negotiation and diplomacy scholarship.
Detecting Deception in Computer Mediated Communication: A Social Structural Perspective
Creators: name: Pak, Jinie
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014
Subjects: Deception Detection
Deception in CMC
Online Deception Cues
Social Network Analysis

description: Despite the widespread use of Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) for effective collaboration and interaction, CMC has become a growing hotbed for deception due to its provision of ubiquity, anonymity and open environment. Deception is an increasing threat to our society and to the daily communication of both individuals and groups.  This dissertation aims to provide a new venue for understanding deception and for detecting deception through the identification, extraction, and application of social structural behaviors of deceptive communication.   To this end, the dissertation consists of three major studies.  The first study conceptualizes deception in terms of social structure by drawing on interpersonal deception theory and social network theories and proposes a research model of structural properties of deceptive communication: centrality, cohesion and similarity. Viewed from the social structural perspective, structural behaviors are denoted as the relationships between different individuals (entities) or as relatively stable patterns of relationships. The second study examines the impact of time on structural behaviors of deception based on interactional adaption theory and characteristics of temporal networks. The third study addresses the problem of automatic deception detection by extracting the structural features of deceptive communication and by combining the structural features with linguistic features. In addition, it evaluates the generality of the structural features identified from synchronous CMC to asynchronous CMC.   The findings of this dissertation extend existing theories and research on explaining the effect of deception intent on structural behaviors of communication in multi-fold aspects. First, this dissertation extends the context of deception theories from interpersonal interaction to social interaction by addressing the interactional dynamics in group communication that is composed of one deceiver and multiple receivers. Second, the dissertation operationalizes the structural behaviors of deceptive CMC and extracts them from two different types of networks: static and temporal, and empirically validates the behaviors with real-world data. Third, the dissertation improves the performance of automated deception detection by incorporating the structural behaviors of deception.
Exploiting Linear Substructure In LRKFs (Extended)
Creators: name: Greiff, M.
name: Berntorp, K.
name: Robertsson, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We exploit knowledge of linear substructure in the linear-regression Kalman filters (LRKFs) to simplify the problem of moment matching. The theoretical results yield quantifiable and significant computational speedups at no cost of estimation accuracy, assuming partially linear estimation models. The results apply to any symmetrical LRKF, and reductions in computational complexity are stated as a function of the cubature rule, the number of linear and nonlinear states in the estimation model respectively. The implications for the filtering problem are illustrated by numerical examples.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures, extended version of CDC '20 paper