cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Testing the ‘Vineyard Geologic Identity’ concept in Marquette-producing vineyards in the Champlain Valley, Vermont, USA
Creators: name: Munroe, Jeffrey S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: The recently formalized concept of ‘Vineyard Geological Identity’ (VGI) was applied to two vineyards in the Champlain Valley of Vermont, USA. The vineyards studied, LP and SV, both produce the hybrid grape known as ‘Marquette’, are at equivalent elevations, have a similar macroclimate, and were inundated by proglacial Lake Vermont during the last deglaciation. In contrast, the bedrock differs beneath the two sites, and SV was under shallow marine water immediately after Lake Vermont drained. The hypothesis tested was that despite their similar physical settings, the VGI of the two vineyards would vary as a result of differences in their late-Quaternary histories. Samples of soil and sediment were evaluated for grain size distribution, thermogravimetric analysis, mineralogy, major element chemistry, and standard soil fertility assessments, and a map of soil conductivity was made for each site. Results reveal that base cations and silt are significantly more abundant at LP. Conversely, at SV, Na is significantly more abundant, samples are coarser and soil conductivity is higher. These results illuminate the utility of VGI for defining the fingerprint of individual vineyards, and establish a physical foundation for future work evaluating the role of physical setting in controlling aspects of Marquette wines.
Bayesian quantum frequency estimation in presence of collective dephasing
Creators: name: Macieszczak, Katarzyna
name: Fraas, Martin
name: Demkowicz-Dobrzanski, Rafal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We advocate a Bayesian approach to optimal quantum frequency estimation - an important issue for future quantum enhanced atomic clock operation. The approach provides a clear insight into the interplay between decoherence and the extent of the prior knowledge in determining the optimal interrogation times and optimal estimation strategies. We propose a general framework capable of describing local oscillator noise as well as additional collective atomic dephasing effects. For a Gaussian noise the average Bayesian cost can be expressed using the quantum Fisher information and thus we establish a direct link between the two, often competing, approaches to quantum estimation theory
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Resonant scattering of the OVII X-ray emission line in the circumgalactic medium of TNG50 galaxies
Creators: name: Nelson, Dylan
name: Byrohl, Chris
name: Ogorzalek, Anna
name: Markevitch, Maxim
name: Khabibullin, Ildar
name: Churazov, Eugene
name: Zhuravleva, Irina
name: Bogdan, Akos
name: Chakraborty, Priyanka
name: Kilbourne, Caroline
name: Kraft, Ralph
name: Pillepich, Annalisa
name: Sarkar, Arnab
name: Schellenberger, Gerrit
name: Su, Yuanyuan
name: Truong, Nhut
name: Vladutescu-Zopp, Stephan
name: Wijers, Nastasha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the impact of resonantly scattered X-ray line emission on the observability of the hot circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxies. We apply a Monte Carlo radiative transfer post-processing analysis to the high-resolution TNG50 cosmological magnetohydrodynamical galaxy formation simulation. This allows us to model the resonant scattering of OVII(r) X-ray photons within the complex, multi-phase, multi-scale CGM. The resonant transition of the OVII He-like triplet is one of the brightest, and most promising, X-ray emission lines for detecting the hot CGM and measuring its physical properties. We focus on galaxies with stellar masses 10 < log(M*/Msun) < 11 at z ~ 0. After constructing a model for OVII(r) emission from the central galaxy as well as from CGM gas, we forward model these intrinsic photons to derive observable surface brightness maps. We find that scattering significantly boosts the observable OVII(r) surface brightness of the extended and diffuse CGM. This enhancement can be large -- an order of magnitude on average at a distance of 200 projected kpc for high-mass M* = 10^10.7 Msun galaxies. The enhancement is larger for lower mass galaxies, and can even reach a factor of 100, across the extended CGM. Galaxies with higher star formation rates, AGN luminosities, and central OVII(r) luminosities all have larger scattering enhancements, at fixed stellar mass. Our results suggest that next-generation X-ray spectroscopic missions including XRISM, LEM, ATHENA, and HUBS -- which aim to detect the hot CGM in emission -- could specifically target halos with significant enhancements due to resonant scattering.
description: Published in MNRAS. See https://www.lem-observatory.org/ and https://www.tng-project.org/ for more details; 2023MNRAS.522.3665N
VISHIEN-MAAT: Scrollytelling visualization design for explaining Siamese Neural Network concept to non-technical users
Creators: name: Chotisarn, Noptanit
name: Gulyanon, Sarun
name: Zhang, Tianye
name: Chen, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The past decade has witnessed rapid progress in AI research since the breakthrough in deep learning. AI technology has been applied in almost every field; therefore, technical and non-technical end-users must understand these technologies to exploit them. However existing materials are designed for experts, but non-technical users need appealing materials that deliver complex ideas in easy-to-follow steps. One notable tool that fits such a profile is scrollytelling, an approach to storytelling that provides readers with a natural and rich experience at the reader's pace, along with in-depth interactive explanations of complex concepts. Hence, this work proposes a novel visualization design for creating a scrollytelling that can effectively explain an AI concept to non-technical users. As a demonstration of our design, we created a scrollytelling to explain the Siamese Neural Network for the visual similarity matching problem. Our approach helps create a visualization valuable for a short-timeline situation like a sales pitch. The results show that the visualization based on our novel design helps improve non-technical users' perception and machine learning concept knowledge acquisition compared to traditional materials like online articles.
A Poincare lemma in Geometric Quantisation
Creators: name: Miranda, Eva
name: Solha, Romero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D50

description: This article presents a Poincare lemma for the Kostant complex, used to compute geometric quantisation, when the polarisation is given by a Lagrangian foliation defined by an integrable system with nondegenerate singularities.
description: 19 pages; overall improvement in section 7, including generalisations of some results and the addition of new ones
Benchmarking GEANT4 nuclear models for hadron therapy with 95 MeV/nucleon carbon ions
Creators: name: Dudouet, J.
name: Cussol, D.
name: Durand, D.
name: Labalme, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In carbon-therapy, the interaction of the incoming beam with human tissues may lead to the production of a large amount of nuclear fragments and secondary light particles. An accurate estimation of the biological dose deposited into the tumor and the surrounding healthy tissues thus requires sophisticated simulation tools based on nuclear reaction models. The validity of such models requires intensive comparisons with as many sets of experimental data as possible. Up to now, a rather limited set of double di erential carbon fragmentation cross sections have been measured in the energy range used in hadrontherapy (up to 400 MeV/A). However, new data have been recently obtained at intermediate energy (95 MeV/A). The aim of this work is to compare the reaction models embedded in the GEANT4 Monte Carlo toolkit with these new data. The strengths and weaknesses of each tested model, i.e. G4BinaryLightIonReaction, G4QMDReaction and INCL++, coupled to two di fferent de-excitation models, i.e. the generalized evaporation model and the Fermi break-up are discussed.
Measurement of charged jet suppression in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76$ TeV
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement of the transverse momentum spectra of jets in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76$ TeV is reported. Jets are reconstructed from charged particles using the anti-$k_{\rm T}$ jet algorithm with jet resolution parameters $R$ of $0.2$ and $0.3$ in pseudo-rapidity $|η|<0.5$. The transverse momentum $p_{\rm T}$ of charged particles is measured down to $0.15$ GeV/$c$ which gives access to the low $p_{\rm T}$ fragments of the jet. Jets found in heavy-ion collisions are corrected event-by-event for average background density and on an inclusive basis (via unfolding) for residual background fluctuations and detector effects. A strong suppression of jet production in central events with respect to peripheral events is observed. The suppression is found to be similar to the suppression of charged hadrons, which suggests that substantial energy is radiated at angles larger than the jet resolution parameter $R=0.3$ considered in the analysis. The fragmentation bias introduced by selecting jets with a high $p_{\rm T}$ leading particle, which rejects jets with a soft fragmentation pattern, has a similar effect on the jet yield for central and peripheral events. The ratio of jet spectra with $R=0.2$ and $R=0.3$ is found to be similar in Pb-Pb and simulated PYTHIA pp events, indicating no strong broadening of the radial jet structure in the reconstructed jets with $R<0.3$.
description: 32 pages, 12 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 27, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/415
Can One Detect Whether a Wave Function Has Collapsed?
Creators: name: Cowan, Charles Wesley
name: Tumulka, Roderich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Consider a quantum system prepared in state $ψ$, a unit vector in a $d$-dimensional Hilbert space. Let $b_1,...,b_d$ be an orthonormal basis and suppose that, with some probability $0
description: 19 pages LaTeX, 8 figures. The first version of this paper has been (revised and) split into two papers, the first of which is v2 of this post, and the second part is posted as arXiv:1312.7321
To see Symmetry in a Forest of Trees
Creators: name: Chan, Chuan-Tsung
name: Kawamoto, Shoichi
name: Tomino, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exact symmetry identities among four-point tree-level amplitudes of bosonic open string theory as derived by G. W. Moore are re-examined. The main focuses of this work are: (1) Explicit construction of kinematic configurations and a new polarization basis for the scattering processes. These setups simplify greatly the functional forms of the exact symmetry identities, and help us to extract easily high-energy limits of stringy amplitudes appearing in the exact identities. (2) Connection and comparison between D. J. Gross's high-energy stringy symmetry and the exact symmetry identities as derived by G. W. Moore. (3) Observation of symmetry patterns of stringy amplitudes with respect to the order of energy dependence in scattering amplitudes.
description: 56 pages; v2. Typos corrected. Minor changes; v3. Reorganized the structure and eliminate verbose expressions. References added. Added words of introduction to each section; v4. Reorganized and streamlined significantly. Version to appear in Nucl.Phys.B
Purely dry mergers do not explain the observed evolution of massive early-type galaxies since z = 1
Creators: name: Sonnenfeld, Alessandro
name: Nipoti, Carlo
name: Treu, Tommaso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several studies have suggested that the observed size evolution of massive early-type galaxies (ETGs) can be explained as a combination of dry mergers and progenitor bias, at least since z\sim1. In this paper we carry out a new test of the dry-merger scenario based on recent lensing measurements of the evolution of the mass density profile of ETGs. We construct a theoretical model for the joint evolution of the size and mass density profile slope γ' driven by dry mergers occurring at rates given by cosmological simulations. Such dry-merger model predicts a strong decrease of γ' with cosmic time, inconsistent with the almost constant γ' inferred from observations in the redshift range 0 99% CL. We thus suggest a scenario where the outer regions of massive ETGs grow by accretion of stars and dark matter, while small amounts of dissipation and nuclear star formation conspire to keep the mass density profile constant and approximately isothermal.
description: Accepted for publication on the Astrophysical Journal. Revised version
On the ergodicity assumption in Performance-Based Engineering
Creators: name: Beck, Andre T.
name: Bosse, Rubia M.
name: Rodrigues, Isabela D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the Performance-Based Engineering (PBE) framework, uncertainties in system parameters, or modelling uncertainties, have been shown to have significant effects on capacity fragilities and annual collapse rates of buildings. Yet, since modelling uncertainties are non-ergodic variables, their consideration in failure rate calculations offends the Poisson assumption of independent crossings. This problem has been addressed in the literature, and errors found negligible for small annual collapse failure rates. However, the errors could be significant for serviceability limit states, and when failure rates are integrated in time, to provide lifetime failure probabilities. Herein, we present a novel formulation to fully avoid the error in integration of non-ergodic variables. The proposed product-of-lognormals formulation is fully compatible with popular fragility modelling approaches in PBE context. Moreover, we address collapse limit states of realistic reinforced concrete buildings, and find errors of the order of 5 to 8% for 50-year lifetimes, up to 14% for 100 years. Computation of accurate lifetime failure probabilities in a PBE context is clearly important, as it allows comparison with lifetime target reliability values for other structural analysis formulations.
Dimensional Regularization in Position Space, and a Forest Formula for Epstein-Glaser Renormalization
Creators: name: Duetsch, Michael
name: Fredenhagen, Klaus
name: Keller, Kai Johannes
name: Rejzner, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reformulate dimensional regularization as a regularization method in position space and show that it can be used to give a closed expression for the renormalized time-ordered products as solutions to the induction scheme of Epstein-Glaser. For scalar fields the resulting renormalization method is always applicable, we compute several examples. We also analyze the Hopf algebraic aspects of the combinatorics. Our starting point is the Main Theorem of Renormalization of Stora and Popineau and the arising renormalization group as originally defined by Stueckelberg and Petermann.
description: 51 pages, to be published in Journal of Mathematical Physics
Saturated simple and $k$-simple topological graphs
Creators: name: Kynčl, Jan
name: Pach, János
name: Radoičić, Radoš
name: Tóth, Géza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C62

description: A simple topological graph $G$ is a graph drawn in the plane so that any pair of edges have at most one point in common, which is either an endpoint or a proper crossing. $G$ is called saturated if no further edge can be added without violating this condition. We construct saturated simple topological graphs with $n$ vertices and $O(n)$ edges. For every $k>1$, we give similar constructions for $k$-simple topological graphs, that is, for graphs drawn in the plane so that any two edges have at most $k$ points in common. We show that in any $k$-simple topological graph, any two independent vertices can be connected by a curve that crosses each of the original edges at most $2k$ times. Another construction shows that the bound $2k$ cannot be improved. Several other related problems are also considered.
description: 25 pages, 17 figures, added some new results and improvements
Symmetry Groups of $A_n$ Hypergeometric Series
Creators: name: Kajihara, Yasushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Structures of symmetries of transformations for Holman-Biedenharn-Louck $A_n$ hypergeometric series: $A_n$ terminating balanced ${}_4 F_3$ series and $A_n$ elliptic ${}_{10} E_9$ series are discussed. Namely the description of the invariance groups and the classification all of possible transformations for each types of $A_n$ hypergeometric series are given. Among them, a "periodic" affine Coxeter group which seems to be new in the literature arises as an invariance group for a class of $A_n$ ${}_4 F_3$ series.
SWFormer: Sparse Window Transformer for 3D Object Detection in Point Clouds
Creators: name: Sun, Pei
name: Tan, Mingxing
name: Wang, Weiyue
name: Liu, Chenxi
name: Xia, Fei
name: Leng, Zhaoqi
name: Anguelov, Dragomir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: 3D object detection in point clouds is a core component for modern robotics and autonomous driving systems. A key challenge in 3D object detection comes from the inherent sparse nature of point occupancy within the 3D scene. In this paper, we propose Sparse Window Transformer (SWFormer ), a scalable and accurate model for 3D object detection, which can take full advantage of the sparsity of point clouds. Built upon the idea of window-based Transformers, SWFormer converts 3D points into sparse voxels and windows, and then processes these variable-length sparse windows efficiently using a bucketing scheme. In addition to self-attention within each spatial window, our SWFormer also captures cross-window correlation with multi-scale feature fusion and window shifting operations. To further address the unique challenge of detecting 3D objects accurately from sparse features, we propose a new voxel diffusion technique. Experimental results on the Waymo Open Dataset show our SWFormer achieves state-of-the-art 73.36 L2 mAPH on vehicle and pedestrian for 3D object detection on the official test set, outperforming all previous single-stage and two-stage models, while being much more efficient.
3D Reconstruction of Sorghum Plants for High-Throughput Phenotyping
Creators: name: Gaillard, Mathieu
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2022
Subjects: Computer vision
Computer graphics

description: High-throughput phenotyping is a recent multidisciplinary research field that investigates the accurate acquisition and analysis of multidimensional phenotypes on large and diverse populations of plants. High-throughput phenotyping is at the crossroad between plant biology and computer vision, and profits from advances in plant modeling, plant reconstruction, and plant structure understanding. So far, most of the data analysis is done on 2D images, yet plants are inherently 3D shapes, and measurements made in 2D can be biased. For example, leaf angles change when they are reprojected in 2D images. Although some research works investigate the 3D reconstruction of plants, high-throughput phenotyping is still limited in its ability to automatically measure a large population of plants in 3D. In fact, plants are difficult to 3D reconstruct because they look self-similar, feature highly irregular geometries, and self-occlusion.
 In this dissertation, we investigate the research question \textit{whether we can design and validate high-throughput phenotyping algorithms that take advantage of the 3D nature of the plants to outperform existing algorithms based on 2D images?} We present four contributions that address this question. First, we show a voxel 3D reconstruction pipeline and measure phenotypic traits related to canopy architecture over a population of 351 sorghum plants. Second, we show a machine learning-based skeletonization and segmentation algorithm for sorghum plants, which automatically learns from a set of 100 manually annotated plants. Third, we estimate individual leaf angles over a population of 1,098 sorghum plants. Finally, we present a sparse 3D reconstruction algorithm that can triangulate thousands of points of interest from up to 15 views without correspondences, even in the presence of noise and occlusion. We show that our approach outperforms single-view methods by using multiple views for sorghum leaf counting.
 Progress made towards improving high-throughput phenotyping has the potential to benefit society with a better adaptation of crops to climate change, which will limit food insecurity in the world.
Strong enhancement of bulk superconductivity by engineered nanogranularity
Creators: name: Mayoh, James
name: García-García, Antonio M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is now well established, both theoretically and experimentally, that very small changes in the size of isolated nanograins lead to substantial nonmonotonic variations, and sometimes enhancement, of the mean-field spectroscopic gap of conventional superconductors. A natural question to ask, of broad relevance for the theory and applications of superconductivity, is whether these size effects can also enhance the critical temperature of a bulk granular material composed of such nanograins. Here we answer this question affirmatively. We combine mean-field, semiclassical, and percolation techniques to show that engineered nanoscale granularity in conventional superconductors can enhance the critical temperature by up to a few times compared to the nongranular bulk limit. This prediction is valid for three-dimensional and also quasi-two-dimensional samples, provided the thickness is much larger than the grain size. Our model takes into account an experimentally realistic distribution of grain sizes in the array, charging effects, tunnelling by quasiparticles, and limitations related to the proliferation of thermal fluctuations for sufficiently small grains.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Effect of Standing Wave on Terahertz Channel Model
Creators: name: Tran, Ha
name: Le, Thanh
name: Singh, Suresh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: There is a growing interest in exploiting the terahertz frequency band for future communication systems that demand high data rates. Given the complex propagation behavior of this frequency band, various researchers have developed channel models that can be utilized in the development of communication systems. These models however do not include a crucial aspect of terahertz propagation at short distances: the presence of standing waves. Our measurements show that at specific distances, the effect of standing waves is significant. In this paper, we extend previous terahertz channel models to include the effect of standing waves and show a good fit with our measurements. Our measurements and modeling cover the five most promising terahertz frequency bands: 140, 220, 340, 410, 460 GHz.
description: IEEE ICC 2021 4th IEEE International Workshop on Terahertz Communications, June 2021
Bias Against 93 Stigmatized Groups in Masked Language Models and Downstream Sentiment Classification Tasks
Creators: name: Mei, Katelyn X.
name: Fereidooni, Sonia
name: Caliskan, Aylin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.4; I.2.7; I.2.0

description: The rapid deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) models demands a thorough investigation of biases and risks inherent in these models to understand their impact on individuals and society. This study extends the focus of bias evaluation in extant work by examining bias against social stigmas on a large scale. It focuses on 93 stigmatized groups in the United States, including a wide range of conditions related to disease, disability, drug use, mental illness, religion, sexuality, socioeconomic status, and other relevant factors. We investigate bias against these groups in English pre-trained Masked Language Models (MLMs) and their downstream sentiment classification tasks. To evaluate the presence of bias against 93 stigmatized conditions, we identify 29 non-stigmatized conditions to conduct a comparative analysis. Building upon a psychology scale of social rejection, the Social Distance Scale, we prompt six MLMs: RoBERTa-base, RoBERTa-large, XLNet-large, BERTweet-base, BERTweet-large, and DistilBERT. We use human annotations to analyze the predicted words from these models, with which we measure the extent of bias against stigmatized groups. When prompts include stigmatized conditions, the probability of MLMs predicting negative words is approximately 20 percent higher than when prompts have non-stigmatized conditions. In the sentiment classification tasks, when sentences include stigmatized conditions related to diseases, disability, education, and mental illness, they are more likely to be classified as negative. We also observe a strong correlation between bias in MLMs and their downstream sentiment classifiers (r =0.79). The evidence indicates that MLMs and their downstream sentiment classification tasks exhibit biases against socially stigmatized groups.
description: 20 pages,12 figures,2 tables; ACM FAccT 2023
Adaptive Discrimination Scheme for Quantum Pulse Position Modulation Signals
Creators: name: Pozza, Nicola Dalla
name: Laurenti, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81P45, 94A05

description: In the communication scenario, we consider the problem of the discrimination between the signals of the Quantum Pulse Position Modulation. We propose a receiver scheme that employs repeated local measurements in distinct temporal slots within the symbol time interval, adaptively chosen on the basis of the outcomes in the previous slots. By employing Dynamic Programming to optimize each measurement, we approach the theoretical performance limit much closer than existing receiver schemes.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, extension of the receiver scheme with Generalized Kennedy-like local measurements, version accepted by PRA
ChatGPT for Us: Preserving Data Privacy in ChatGPT via Dialogue Text Ambiguation to Expand Mental Health Care Delivery
Creators: name: Ovalle, Anaelia
name: Beikzadeh, Mehrab
name: Teimouri, Parshan
name: Chang, Kai-Wei
name: Sarrafzadeh, Majid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2; I.7

description: Large language models have been useful in expanding mental health care delivery. ChatGPT, in particular, has gained popularity for its ability to generate human-like dialogue. However, data-sensitive domains -- including but not limited to healthcare -- face challenges in using ChatGPT due to privacy and data-ownership concerns. To enable its utilization, we propose a text ambiguation framework that preserves user privacy. We ground this in the task of addressing stress prompted by user-provided texts to demonstrate the viability and helpfulness of privacy-preserved generations. Our results suggest that chatGPT recommendations are still able to be moderately helpful and relevant, even when the original user text is not provided.
Amortized Inference for Heterogeneous Reconstruction in Cryo-EM
Creators: name: Levy, Axel
name: Wetzstein, Gordon
name: Martel, Julien
name: Poitevin, Frederic
name: Zhong, Ellen D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is an imaging modality that provides unique insights into the dynamics of proteins and other building blocks of life. The algorithmic challenge of jointly estimating the poses, 3D structure, and conformational heterogeneity of a biomolecule from millions of noisy and randomly oriented 2D projections in a computationally efficient manner, however, remains unsolved. Our method, cryoFIRE, performs ab initio heterogeneous reconstruction with unknown poses in an amortized framework, thereby avoiding the computationally expensive step of pose search while enabling the analysis of conformational heterogeneity. Poses and conformation are jointly estimated by an encoder while a physics-based decoder aggregates the images into an implicit neural representation of the conformational space. We show that our method can provide one order of magnitude speedup on datasets containing millions of images without any loss of accuracy. We validate that the joint estimation of poses and conformations can be amortized over the size of the dataset. For the first time, we prove that an amortized method can extract interpretable dynamic information from experimental datasets.
Excitonic Instability at the Spin-State Transition in the Two-Band Hubbard Model
Creators: name: Kunes, J.
name: Augustinsky, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using linear response theory with the dynamical mean-field approximation we investigate the particle-hole instabilities of the two-band Hubbard model in the vicinity of the spin-state transition. Besides the previously reported high-spin--low-spin order we find an instability towards triplet excitonic condensate. We discuss the strong and weak coupling limits of the model, in particular, a connection to the spinful hard-core bosons with a nearest-neighbor interaction. Possible realization in LaCoO3 at intermediate temperatures is briefly discussed.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, revised extended version
Looking Beyond Linear: A Closer Examination of the Relationship Between Wisdom and Wellbeing
Creators: name: Glück, Judith
name: Weststrate, Nicholas
name: Scherpf, Andreas
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: There has been some controversy about the relationship between wisdom and constructs of the well-being complex. Some wisdom researchers argue that the ability to maintain a high level of well-being, even in the face of very negative experiences, is a core characteristic of wisdom. Other researchers argue that the willingness of wise people to reflect on the darker sides of life might jeopardize well-being. Studies mostly found moderate positive correlations of well-being with self-report wisdom measures and negative, zero, or low positive correlations with open-ended measures of wisdom. This paper tests the hypothesis that the relationship between wisdom and well-being is triangular rather than linear, with highly wise people being high in well-being, but people high in well-being not necessarily being highly wise. A sample of 155 participants (age 23 to 90 years) completed four wisdom measures and three measures from the well-being complex. We analyzed both linear relationships (using correlations) and triangular relationships (using Necessary Condition Analysis). Correlations of well-being with open-ended measures of wisdom were mostly insignificant; correlations with self-report measures of wisdom were mostly significant. However, scatterplots showed the expected triangular relationships and Necessary Condition Analysis indicated medium to large effect sizes for both open-ended and self-report wisdom measures. In sum, our findings show that even if wise individuals think more deeply about difficult aspects of the human existence, they are still able to maintain high levels of well-being.
Geography-Aware Self-Supervised Learning
Creators: name: Ayush, Kumar
name: Uzkent, Burak
name: Meng, Chenlin
name: Tanmay, Kumar
name: Burke, Marshall
name: Lobell, David
name: Ermon, Stefano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Contrastive learning methods have significantly narrowed the gap between supervised and unsupervised learning on computer vision tasks. In this paper, we explore their application to geo-located datasets, e.g. remote sensing, where unlabeled data is often abundant but labeled data is scarce. We first show that due to their different characteristics, a non-trivial gap persists between contrastive and supervised learning on standard benchmarks. To close the gap, we propose novel training methods that exploit the spatio-temporal structure of remote sensing data. We leverage spatially aligned images over time to construct temporal positive pairs in contrastive learning and geo-location to design pre-text tasks. Our experiments show that our proposed method closes the gap between contrastive and supervised learning on image classification, object detection and semantic segmentation for remote sensing. Moreover, we demonstrate that the proposed method can also be applied to geo-tagged ImageNet images, improving downstream performance on various tasks. Project Webpage can be found at this link: geography-aware-ssl.github.io.
Homologenus broussei Guinot & Richer de Forges 1981
Creators: name: Cleva, Régis
name: Guinot, Danièle
name: Albenga, Laurent
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Homolidae
Homologenus
Homologenus broussei

description: Homologenus broussei Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1981 (Fig. 18C) Homologenus broussei Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1981: 551, figs 1C, 3E, 4J, 7A, pl. 5, figs 2, 2a-c. HOLOTYPE (by original designation). — MNHN-B7021, French Polynesia, Tahiti, Coquille, stn D01, dredge, 16°27.5’S, 146°32.2’W, 1025 m, 17.XII.1970, ♀ 18.3 × 15.0 mm, pereopods detached or missing.
description: Published as part of Cleva, Régis, Guinot, Danièle & Albenga, Laurent, 2007, Annotated catalogue of brachyuran type specimens (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) deposited in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. Part I. Podotremata, pp. 229-279 in Zoosystema 29 (2) on page 250, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5401967
description: {"references": ["GUINOT D. & RICHER DE FORGES B. 1981. - Homolidae, rares ou nouveaux, de l'Indo-Pacifique (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4) 3, sect. A (2): 523 - 581."]}
Deterministic Bayesian Information Fusion and the Analysis of its Performance
Creators: name: Thakur, Gaurav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62C10, 49K30, 46N30

description: This paper develops a mathematical and computational framework for analyzing the expected performance of Bayesian data fusion, or joint statistical inference, within a sensor network. We use variational techniques to obtain the posterior expectation as the optimal fusion rule under a deterministic constraint and a quadratic cost, and study the smoothness and other properties of its classification performance. For a certain class of fusion problems, we prove that this fusion rule is also optimal in a much wider sense and satisfies strong asymptotic convergence results. We show how these results apply to a variety of examples with Gaussian, exponential and other statistics, and discuss computational methods for determining the fusion system's performance in more general, large-scale problems. These results are motivated by studying the performance of fusing multi-modal radar and acoustic sensors for detecting explosive substances, but have broad applicability to other Bayesian decision problems.
Latreillopsis antennata Guinot & Richer de Forges 1995
Creators: name: Cleva, Régis
name: Guinot, Danièle
name: Albenga, Laurent
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Homolidae
Latreillopsis
Latreillopsis antennata

description: Latreillopsis antennata Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1995 (Fig. 21A) Latreillopsis antennata Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1995: 411, figs 37b-d, 41D, 43E. HOLOTYPE (by original designation). — MNHN-B19904, Coral Sea, Chesterfield Islands, MUSORSTOM 5, Coriolis, stn DW299, 22°47.7’S, 159°23.7’E, 360-390 m, 11.X.1986, ♂ 12.6 × 8.4 mm. PARATYPES. — MNHN-B20125, New Caledonia, SMIB 3, Vauban, stn DW18, 23°41.5’S, 167°59.4’E, 338 m, 23.V.1987, 1 ♂, uncomplete, with only parts of a few pereopods remaining, detached. — MNHN-B22327, New Caledonia, Norfolk Ridge, SMIB 5, Alis, stn DW94, 22°19.6’S, 168°42.8’E, 275 m, 13.IX.1989, 1 ♂, uncomplete, with only a few legs remaining, completely or partly preserved, detached.
description: Published as part of Cleva, Régis, Guinot, Danièle & Albenga, Laurent, 2007, Annotated catalogue of brachyuran type specimens (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) deposited in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. Part I. Podotremata, pp. 229-279 in Zoosystema 29 (2) on page 252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5401967
description: {"references": ["GUINOT D. & RICHER DE FORGES B. 1995. - Crustacea Decapoda Brachyura: revision de la famille des Homolidae de Haan, 1841, in CROSNIER A. (ed.), Resultats des campagnes MUSORSTOM, volume 13. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 13: 283 - 517."]}
Generalized uncertainty principle and black hole thermodynamics
Creators: name: Gangopadhyay, Sunandan
name: Dutta, Abhijit
name: Saha, Anirban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordström black hole thermodynamics using the simplest form of the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) proposed in the literature. The expressions for the mass-temperature relation, heat capacity and entropy are obtained in both cases from which the critical and remnant masses are computed. Our results are exact and reveal that these masses are identical and larger than the so called singular mass for which the thermodynamics quantities become ill-defined. The expression for the entropy reveals the well known area theorem in terms of the horizon area in both cases upto leading order corrections from GUP. The area theorem written in terms of a new variable which can be interpreted as the reduced horizon area arises only when the computation is carried out to the next higher order correction from GUP.
description: 9 pages Latex, References added, To appear in Gen.Rel.Grav
A Concise Introduction to Reinforcement Learning in Robotics
Creators: name: Nagaraj, Akash
name: Sood, Mukund
name: Patil, Bhagya M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the biggest hurdles robotics faces is the facet of sophisticated and hard-to-engineer behaviors. Reinforcement learning offers a set of tools, and a framework to address this problem. In parallel, the misgivings of robotics offer a solid testing ground and evaluation metric for advancements in reinforcement learning. The two disciplines go hand-in-hand, much like the fields of Mathematics and Physics. By means of this survey paper, we aim to invigorate links between the research communities of the two disciplines by focusing on the work done in reinforcement learning for locomotive and control aspects of robotics. Additionally, we aim to highlight not only the notable successes but also the key challenges of the application of Reinforcement Learning in Robotics. This paper aims to serve as a reference guide for researchers in reinforcement learning applied to the field of robotics. The literature survey is at a fairly introductory level, aimed at aspiring researchers. Appropriately, we have covered the most essential concepts required for research in the field of reinforcement learning, with robotics in mind. Through a thorough analysis of this problem, we are able to manifest how reinforcement learning could be applied profitably, and also focus on open-ended questions, as well as the potential for future research.
description: This paper was originally written in 2019
Stellar Velocity Dispersion in Dissipative Galaxy Mergers with Star Formation
Creators: name: Stickley, Nathaniel R.
name: Canalizo, Gabriela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to better understand stellar dynamics in merging systems, such as NGC 6240, we examine the evolution of central stellar velocity dispersion (\sig) in dissipative galaxy mergers using a suite of binary disk merger simulations that include feedback from stellar formation and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We find that $σ_*$ undergoes the same general stages of evolution that were observed in our previous dissipationless simulations: coherent oscillation, then phase mixing, followed by dynamical equilibrium. We also find that measurements of $σ_*$ that are based only upon the youngest stars in simulations consistently yield lower values than measurements based upon the total stellar population. This finding appears to be consistent with the so-called "$σ_*$ discrepancy," observed in real galaxies. We note that quasar-level AGN activity is much more likely to occur when $σ_*$ is near its equilibrium value rather than during periods of extreme $σ_*$. Finally, we provide estimates of the scatter inherent in measuring $σ_*$ in ongoing mergers.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
On the classification of symplectic DQ-algebroids
Creators: name: Bressler, Paul
name: Rojas, Juan Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D55

description: DQ-algebroids locally defined on a symplectic manifold form a 2-gerbe. By adapting the method of P. Deligne to the setting of DQ-algebroids we show that this 2-gerbe admits a canonical global section, namely that every symplectic manifold admits a canonical DQ-algebroid quantizing the structure sheaf. The construction relies on methods of non-abelian cohomology and local computations in the Weyl algebra. As a corollary we obtain a classification of symplectic DQ-algebroids.
description: 36 pages
Latreillopsis daviei Guinot & Richer de Forges 1995
Creators: name: Cleva, Régis
name: Guinot, Danièle
name: Albenga, Laurent
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Homolidae
Latreillopsis
Latreillopsis daviei

description: Latreillopsis daviei Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1995 (Fig. 21B) Latreillopsis daviei Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1995: 407, figs 34A, B, 40a-d. HOLOTYPE (by original designation). — MNHN-B20606 (ex QM), Australia, Queensland, Soela, cruise 6, stn 83, 18°39’S, 148°03’E, 248 m, 8.XII.1985, P. Davie coll., ♂ 17.0 × 11.8 mm, 2 ambulatory legs missing. PARATYPES. — MNHN-B22343 (ex QM), same data as holotype, 3 ♂♂, 1 ov. ♀, many legs detached, one male with carapace damaged postero-laterally.
description: Published as part of Cleva, Régis, Guinot, Danièle & Albenga, Laurent, 2007, Annotated catalogue of brachyuran type specimens (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) deposited in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. Part I. Podotremata, pp. 229-279 in Zoosystema 29 (2) on page 252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5401967
description: {"references": ["GUINOT D. & RICHER DE FORGES B. 1995. - Crustacea Decapoda Brachyura: revision de la famille des Homolidae de Haan, 1841, in CROSNIER A. (ed.), Resultats des campagnes MUSORSTOM, volume 13. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 13: 283 - 517."]}
Water Production Rates from SOHO/SWAN Observations of Comets C/2020 S3 (Erasmus), C/2021 A1 (Leonard) and C/2021 O3 (PanSTARRS)
Creators: name: Combi, M. R.
name: Mäkinen, T.
name: Bertaux, J. -L.
name: Quémerais, E.
name: Ferron, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 2021 and 2022 the hydrogen comae of three long period comets, C/2020 S3 (Erasmus), C/2021 A1 (Leonard) and C/2021 O3 (PanSTARRS) were observed with the Solar Wind ANisotropies (SWAN) all-sky hydrogen Lyman-alpha camera on the SOlar and Heliosphere Observer (SOHO) satellite. SWAN obtains nearly daily full-sky images of the hydrogen Lyman-alpha distribution of the interstellar hydrogen as it passes through the solar system yielding information about the solar wind and solar ultraviolet fluxes that eats away at it by ionization and charge exchange. The hydrogen comae of comets, when of sufficient brightness, are also observed. Water production rates have been calculated over time for each of these comets. Of particular interest are comet C/2021 O3 (PanSTARRS) which apparently disintegrated a few days before its perihelion at 0.28 au and C/2021 A1 (Leonard) which also disintegrated beginning about 20 days after its perihelion peak. The behavior of comet C/2020 S3 (Erasmus) was more typical without dramatic fading, but still was asymmetric about perihelion, with a more rapid turn on before perihelion and more extended activity well after perihelion.
description: 20 pages, 4 Figures, 4 Tables