cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Decoding ChatGPT: A Taxonomy of Existing Research, Current Challenges, and Possible Future Directions
Creators: name: Sohail, Shahab Saquib
name: Farhat, Faiza
name: Himeur, Yassine
name: Nadeem, Mohammad
name: Madsen, Dag Øivind
name: Singh, Yashbir
name: Atalla, Shadi
name: Mansoor, Wathiq
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) has gained significant interest and attention since its launch in November 2022. It has shown impressive performance in various domains, including passing exams and creative writing. However, challenges and concerns related to biases and trust persist. In this work, we present a comprehensive review of over 100 Scopus-indexed publications on ChatGPT, aiming to provide a taxonomy of ChatGPT research and explore its applications. We critically analyze the existing literature, identifying common approaches employed in the studies. Additionally, we investigate diverse application areas where ChatGPT has found utility, such as healthcare, marketing and financial services, software engineering, academic and scientific writing, research and education, environmental science, and natural language processing. Through examining these applications, we gain valuable insights into the potential of ChatGPT in addressing real-world challenges. We also discuss crucial issues related to ChatGPT, including biases and trustworthiness, emphasizing the need for further research and development in these areas. Furthermore, we identify potential future directions for ChatGPT research, proposing solutions to current challenges and speculating on expected advancements. By fully leveraging the capabilities of ChatGPT, we can unlock its potential across various domains, leading to advancements in conversational AI and transformative impacts in society.
description: 31 pages. 8 figures and 3 tables
La Roche, Emanuel
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1827

description: Ort: Basel
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire 05.07.2020 Automatisiert nach HAN-Import
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire ISAD(G) / HAN Katalogisierungsregeln für Archivbestände Detailliert
(2349) Nancy [Smith]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Kiessling, Sohn
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1827

description: Ort: Liechtenberg
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire 05.07.2020 Automatisiert nach HAN-Import
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire ISAD(G) / HAN Katalogisierungsregeln für Archivbestände Detailliert
Reversal of relaxation due to dephasing environment
Creators: name: Mierzejewski, Marcin
name: Bonca, Janez
name: Dajka, Jerzy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that any finite quantum system $S$ can be coupled to a dephasing environment in such a way that the internal mechanism responsible for relaxation of observables acting on $S$ can be effectively canceled. By adjusting this coupling, the difference between the initial and the long--time expectation values of any observable on $S$ can be tuned to arbitrarily small however nonzero value. This statement is exemplified and visualized by numerical studies of relaxation in a generic one-dimensional system of interacting fermions.
(2345) John Johnson Leigh
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Rcenzja: "Red Gas. Russia and the Origins of European Energy Dependence" / Per Högselius. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2014. ISBN 1137293713
Creators: name: Flade, Falk
name: Digitale Wissenschaftsplattform Pol-Int (Www.Pol-Int.Org)
Publisher: name: Europa-Universität Viadrina Frankfurt
Year: 2020

description: Per Högselius pokazuje, jak polityczni i gospodarczy decydenci po obu stronach Żelaznej Kurtyny już pod koniec lat sześćdziesiątych ubiegłego wieku realizowali stopniową rozbudowę handlu gazem ziemnym ponad granicami blokowymi, kładąc tym samym kamień węgielny pod infrastrukturę, która umożliwia do dziś wzrastający import gazu ziemnego do europy. Na podstawie drobiazgowych badań źródłowych autor wyjaśnia, dlaczego wstąpiono akurat na drogę kooperacji energetycznej między Związkiem Radzieckim i Europą Zachodnią pomimo, żelogika Zimnej Wojny fundamentalnie sprzeciwiała się intensyfikacji współpracy. Autor naświetla też pozycję Stanów Zjednoczonych, które po wkroczeniu Związku Radzieckiego do Afganistanu oraz w okresie stanu wojennego w Polsce zasadniczo oponowały wzrastającą zależność Europy Zachodniej od radzieckiego zaopatrzenia w energię.
Breakdown of the topological protection by cavity vacuum fields in the integer quantum Hall effect
Creators: name: Appugliese, Felice
name: Enkner, Josefine
name: Paravicini-Bagliani, Gian Lorenzo
name: Beck, Mattias
name: Reichl, Christian
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Scalari, Giacomo
name: Ciuti, Cristiano
name: Faist, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The control of the electronic properties of materials via the vacuum fields of cavity electromagnetic resonators is one of the emerging frontiers of condensed matter physics. We show here that the enhancement of vacuum field fluctuations in subwavelength split-ring resonators dramatically affects arguably one of the most paradigmatic quantum protectorates, namely the quantum Hall electron transport in high-mobility 2D electron gases. The observed breakdown of the topological protection of the integer quantum Hall effect is interpreted in terms of a long-range cavity-mediated electron hopping where the anti-resonant terms of the light-matter coupling finally result into a finite resistivity induced by the vacuum fluctuations. The present experimental platform can be used for any 2D material and provides new ways to manipulate electron phases in matter thanks to vacuum-field engineering
Squeezing Limit of the Josephson Ring Modulator as a Non-Degenerate Parametric Amplifier
Creators: name: Kim, Dong Hwan
name: Lee, Su-Yong
name: Kim, Zaeill
name: Jeong, Taek
name: Kim, Duk Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-mode squeezed vacuum states are a crucial component of quantum technologies. In the microwave domain, they can be produced by Josephson ring modulator which acts as a three-wave mixing non-degenerate parametric amplifier. Here, we solve the master equation of three bosonic modes describing the Josephson ring modulator with a novel numerical method to compute squeezing of output fields and gain at low signal power. We show that the third-order interaction from the three-wave mixing process intrinsically limits squeezing and reduces gain. Since our results are related to other general cavity-based three-wave mixing processes, these imply that any non-degenerate parametric amplifier will have an intrinsic squeezing limit in the output fields.
description: 6+6 pages, 4 figures
Supplementary Materials from Mesotocin influences pinyon jay prosociality
Creators: name: J. F. Duque
name: W. Leichner
name: H. Ahmann
name: J. R. Stevens
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: This document contains Supplementary Methods (Subject information, detailed procedure for habituation/training and experimental phases, and additional analyses (weighted prosocial/altruistic tendency) and figures.
Hamiltonian Time Evolution for General Relativity
Creators: name: York, James W.
name: Anderson, Arlen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Hamiltonian time evolution in terms of an explicit parameter time is derived for general relativity, even when the constraints are not satisfied, from the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner-Teitelboim-Ashtekar action in which the slicing density \(\alpha(x,t)\) is freely specified while the lapse \(N=\alpha g^{1/2}\) is not. The constraint ``algebra'' becomes a well-posed evolution system for the constraints; this system is the twice-contracted Bianchi identity when \(R_{ij}=0\). The Hamiltonian constraint is an initial value constraint which determines \(g^{1/2}\) and hence \(N\), given \(\alpha\).
Slow Atomic Motion in Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Be Metallic Glasses Studied by NMR
Creators: name: Wu, Y.
name: Tang, X. P.
name: Johnson, William L.
name: Busch, Ralf
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Nuclear magnetic resonance is used for the first time to detect slow atomic motion in metallic glasses, specifically, Be motion in Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Be bulk metallic glasses. The observations are not consistent with the vacancy-assisted and interstitial diffusion mechanisms and favor the spread-out free volume fluctuation mechanism for Be diffusion. Comparison with the results of Be diffusion measured by elastic backscattering the NMR results also indicates that the energy barriers for short- and long-range Be motion are the same.
Meuron & Co
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1827

description: Ort: Paris
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire 05.07.2020 Automatisiert nach HAN-Import
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire ISAD(G) / HAN Katalogisierungsregeln für Archivbestände Detailliert
OVARIAN TISSUE CRYOPRESERVATION FOR THE SAFEGUARD OF FEMALE FERTILITY
Creators: name: MAFFEI, SARA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2014

description: Ovarian tissue cryobanking is considered an available method for preserving female fertility and represents the best option in young pre-pubertal cancer patients. Cryopreservation can be performed on ovarian cortical fragments or on the entire organ. To move forward, the cryopreservation of both avascular ovarian fragments and of whole ovaries must be improved. To this purpose, we performed a detailed comparison between conventional slow freezing and directional freezing on both cortical fragments and whole ovary. We provide that directional freezing improves the viability of cryopreserved ovarian tissue both in whole ovaries and cortical fragments, but we observed a better preservation of follicles when the samples were frozen as entire organ. We also developed a perfusion system for ex vivo culture of whole ovary demonstrating that it is possible to maintain alive sheep ovary outside the body for up 4 days. This perfusion culture system could provide a future alternative for women at risk of ovarian involvement due to the threat of reintroducing malignant cells.
(2342) Esther [Leigh]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Additional figures and tables from Climate risk index for Italy.
Creators: name: Mysiak, Jaroslav
name: Torresan, Silvia
name: Bosello, Francesco
name: Mistry, Malcolm
name: Amadio, Mattia
name: Marzi, Sepehr
name: Furlan, Elisa
name: Sperotto, Anna
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric Sciences
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: We describe a climate risk index that has been developed to inform national climate adaptation planning in Italy and that is further elaborated in this paper. The index supports national authorities in designing adaptation policies and plans, guides the initial problem formulation phase, and identifies administrative areas with higher propensity to being adversely affected by climate change. The index combines (i) climate change-amplified hazards; (ii) high-resolution indicators of exposure of chosen economic, social, natural and built- or manufactured capital (MC) assets and (iii) vulnerability, which comprises both present sensitivity to climate-induced hazards and adaptive capacity. We use standardized anomalies of selected extreme climate indices derived from high-resolution regional climate model simulations of the EURO-CORDEX initiative as proxies of climate change-altered weather and climate-related hazards. The exposure and sensitivity assessment is based on indicators of manufactured, natural, social and economic capital assets exposed to and adversely affected by climate-related hazards. The MC refers to material goods or fixed assets which support the production process (e.g. industrial machines and buildings); Natural Capital comprises natural resources and processes (renewable and non-renewable) producing goods and services for well-being; Social Capital (SC) addressed factors at the individual (people's health, knowledge, skills) and collective (institutional) level (e.g. families, communities, organizations and schools); and Economic Capital (EC) includes owned and traded goods and services. The results of the climate risk analysis are used to rank the subnational administrative and statistical units according to the climate risk challenges, and possibly for financial resource allocation for climate adaptation.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Advances in risk assessment for climate change adaptation policy’.
MURAKKABLASHGAN SODDA GAPLAR PRESUPPOZITSIYASI
Creators: name: Tursunova, Javhar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Antropotsentrik paradigmaning muhim yo'nalishi hisoblangan pragmalingvistikaning asosiy obekti hisoblangan presuppozitsiya masalasi leksik, marfologik sathlarda qator  tilshunoslar tomonidan o'rganilgan. Ushbu maqolada biz presuppozitsiyani sintaktik sathda namoyon bo'lishini murakkablashgan sodda gaplarning bir qancha turlari misolida ko'rib chiqishga harakat qilamiz.
Effect of Local Magnetic Moments on the Metallic Behavior in Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Feng, X. G.
name: Washburn, S.
name: Popović, Dragana
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: The temperature dependence of conductivity $\sigma (T)$ in the metallic phase of a two-dimensional electron system in silicon has been studied for different concentrations of local magnetic moments. The local moments have been induced by disorder, and their number was varied using substrate bias. The data suggest that in the limit of $T\to 0$ the metallic behavior, as characterized by $d\sigma/dT < 0$, is suppressed by an arbitrarily small amount of scattering by local magnetic moments. Comment: 4 pages, revtex, plus four encapsulated postscript figures
Evaluation of optical constants in oxide thin films using machine learning
Creators: name: Saeki, Kyosuke
name: Makino, Takayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes an inverse analysis method using neural networks on optical spectroscopy, and its application to the quantitative optical constant evaluation. The present method consists of three subprocesses. First, measurable UV-visible spectroscopic quantities were calculated as functions of the optical constants of the solid based on the Tomlin equations [J. Phys. D 1 1667 (1968)] by carefully eliminating the unpractical combinations of optical constants. Second, the back-propagation neural network is trained using the calculated relationships between the measurable quantities and the optical constants. Finally, the trained network is utilized to determine the optical constants from measured responses. The conventional (Newton-Raphson) method tends to require the judgement of a well-experienced analyst, while machine learning shows automatically human-free performance in data conversion.
description: 13 pages; 6 figures; accepted for publication in Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. as a regular article
Supplementary Materials: Model Selection from Stable social relationships between unrelated females increase individual fitness in a cooperative bird.
Creators: name: Riehl, Christina
name: Strong, Meghan J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Candidate models and AIC values for model selection
First-Principles Study of Li-Intercalated Carbon Nanotube Ropes
Creators: name: Zhao, Jijun
name: Buldum, Alper
name: Han, Jie
name: Lu, Jian Ping
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: We studied Li-intercalated carbon nanotube ropes by first-principles methods. Results show charge transfer between Li and C and small structural deformation due to intercalation. Both the interior of the nanotube and the interstitial space are susceptible for intercalation. The Li intercalation potential of a single-walled nanotube rope is comparable to that of graphite and almost independent of the Li density up to around LiC2, as observed in recent experiments. This density is significantly higher than that of Li-intercalated graphite, making the nanorope a promising candidate for the anode material in battery applications.
From Computation to Black Holes and Space-Time Foam
Creators: name: Ng, Y. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: We show that quantum mechanics and general relativity limit the speed nu of a simple computer (such as a black hole) and its memory space I to I(nu2) less, similar(t(-2))P, where t(P) is the Planck time. We also show that the lifetime of a simple clock and its precision are similarly limited. These bounds and the holographic bound originate from the same physics that governs the quantum fluctuations of space-time. We further show that these physical bounds are realized for black holes, yielding the correct Hawking black hole lifetime, and that space-time undergoes much larger quantum fluctuations than conventional wisdom claims-almost within range of detection with modern gravitational-wave interferometers.
Electron string ion sources for carbon ion cancer therapy accelerators
Creators: name: Boytsov, A. Yu.
name: Donets, D. E.
name: Donets, E. D.
name: Donets, E. E.
name: Katagiri, K.
name: Noda, K.
name: Ponkin, D. O.
name: Ramzdorf, A. Yu.
name: Salnikov, V. V.
name: Shutov, V. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Electron String type of Ion Sources (ESIS) was developed, constructed and tested first in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. These ion sources can be the appropriate sources for production of pulsed C4+ and C6+ ion beams which can be used for cancer therapy accelerators. In fact the test ESIS Krion-6T already now at the solenoid magnetic field only 4.6 T provides more than 10^10 C4+ ions per pulse and about 5*10^9 C6+ ions per pulse. Such ion sources could be suitable for application at synchrotrons. It was also found, that Krion-6T can provide more than 10^11 C6+ ions per second at 100 Hz repetition rate, and the repetition rate can be increased at the same or larger ion output per second. This makes ESIS applicable at cyclotrons as well. As for production of 11C radioactive ion beams ESIS can be the most economic kind of ion source. To proof that the special cryogenic cell for pulse injection of gaseous species into electron string was successfully tested using the ESIS Krion-2M.
description: 9 pages
Muheim & Co
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1827

description: Ort: Altdorf
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire 05.07.2020 Automatisiert nach HAN-Import
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire ISAD(G) / HAN Katalogisierungsregeln für Archivbestände Detailliert
Ghost Excitonic Insulator Transition in Layered Graphite
Creators: name: Khveshchenko, D. V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Some unusual properties of layered graphite, including a linear energy dependence of the quasiparticle damping and weak ferromagnetism at low doping, are explained as a result of the proximity of a single graphene sheet to the excitonic insulator phase which can be further stabilized in a doped system of many layers stacked in the staggered ( ABAB...) configuration.
Lifetime of the 6793-keV State in O 15
Creators: name: Hale, S. E.
name: Hansper, V. Y.
name: Bertone, P. F.
name: Powell, D. C.
name: Champagne, A. E.
name: Iliadis, C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: The energy derived from the CN cycle at low stellar temperatures is regulated by the 14N(p,gamma)15O reaction. A previous direct measurement of this reaction has been interpreted as showing evidence for a subthreshold resonance which makes a major contribution to the reaction rate at low temperatures. This resonance, at E(c.m.) = -504 keV would correspond to the known Ex = 6793-keV state in 15O. We have measured a mean lifetime of 1.60(+0.75)(-0.72) fs (90% C.L.) for this state using the Doppler-shift attenuation method. This lifetime is a factor of 15 longer than that inferred from the (p,gamma) data and implies that the contribution of the subthreshold resonance is negligible.
Estimates of the isospin-violating $Λ_b\rightarrow Σ^0 ϕ, Σ^0 J/ψ$ decays and the $Σ-Λ$ mixing
Creators: name: Rui, Zhou
name: Li, Jia-Ming
name: Zhang, Chao-Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the two purely isospin-violating decays $Λ_b\rightarrow Σ^0 ϕ$ and $Λ_b\rightarrow Σ^0 J/ψ$, proceed merely via the exchange topologies, in the framework of perturbative QCD approach. Assuming $Σ^0$ baryon belongs to the idealized isospin triplet with quark components of $usd$, the branching ratios of the two decay modes are predicted to be tiny, of the order $10^{-8}-10^{-9}$, leading to a difficulty in observing them. We then extend our study to include the $Σ-Λ$ mixing.It is found that the mixing has significant effect on the $Λ_b\rightarrow Σ$ decays, especially it can greatly increase the rate of the $J/ψ$ process, by as much as two orders of magnitude, yield $10^{-7}$, which should be searchable in the future. We also estimate a set of asymmetry observables with and without the mixing effect, which will be tested in coming experiments.
description: 23 pages, 1 figure, 10 tables;
Koechlin, Henry
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1827

description: Ort: Mulhouse
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire 05.07.2020 Automatisiert nach HAN-Import
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire ISAD(G) / HAN Katalogisierungsregeln für Archivbestände Detailliert
(2343) Letitcia Tookey
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Moser, Johannes & Co
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1827

description: Ort: Herzogenbuchsee
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire 05.07.2020 Automatisiert nach HAN-Import
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire ISAD(G) / HAN Katalogisierungsregeln für Archivbestände Detailliert
Lithium Intercalation into Opened Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes: Storage Capacity and Electronic Properties
Creators: name: Shimoda, H.
name: Gao, B.
name: Wu, Y.
name: Zhou, O.
name: Tang, X. P.
name: Wu, Y.
name: Zhou, O.
name: Kleinhammes, A.
name: Fleming, L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: The effects of structure and morphology on lithium storage in single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundles were studied by electrochemistry and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. SWNTs were chemically etched to variable lengths and were intercalated with Li. The reversible Li storage capacity increased from LiC(6) in close-end SWNTs to LiC(3) after etching, which is twice the value observed in intercalated graphite. All the nanotubes became metallic upon intercalation of Li, with the density of states at the Fermi level increasing with increasing Li concentration. The enhanced capacity is attributed to Li diffusion into the interior of the SWNTs through the opened ends and sidewall defects.
Classical Cost of Transmitting a Qubit
Creators: name: Renner, Martin J.
name: Tavakoli, Armin
name: Quintino, Marco Túlio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider general prepare-and-measure scenarios in which Alice can transmit qubit states to Bob, who can perform general measurements in the form of positive operator-valued measures (POVMs). We show that the statistics obtained in any such quantum protocol can be simulated by the purely classical means of shared randomness and two bits of communication. Furthermore, we prove that two bits of communication is the minimal cost of a perfect classical simulation. In addition, we apply our methods to Bell scenarios, which extends the well-known Toner and Bacon protocol. In particular, two bits of communication are enough to simulate all quantum correlations associated to arbitrary local POVMs applied to any entangled two-qubit state.
description: 4 pages main text, 10 pages appendix, matches published version
Magnetic-Field-Induced Insulating Behavior in Highly Oriented Pyrolitic Graphite
Creators: name: Khveshchenko, D. V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: We propose an explanation for the apparent semimetal-insulator transition observed in highly oriented pyrolitic graphite in the presence of magnetic field perpendicular to the layers. We show that the magnetic field opens an excitonic gap in the linear spectrum of the Coulomb interacting quasiparticles, in close analogy with the phenomenon of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in the relativistic theories of the (2+1)-dimensional Dirac fermions. Our strong-coupling approach allows for a nonperturbative description of the corresponding critical behavior.
Superconductivity near the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit in the high-entropy alloy superconductor (ScZrNb)$_{1-x}$(RhPd)$_x$ with a CsCl-type lattice
Creators: name: Gutowska, Sylwia
name: Kawala, Alicja
name: Wiendlocha, Bartlomiej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical analysis of the electronic structure of the high-entropy-type superconductor (ScZrNb)$_{1-x}$(RhPd)$_x$, $x \in (0.35, 0.45)$ is presented. The studied material is a partially ordered CsCl-type structure, with two sublattices, randomly occupied by Sc, Zr, Nb (first sublattice) and Nb, Rh, and Pd (second sublattice). Calculations were done using the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method with the coherent potential approximation (KKR-CPA) and take into account the substitutional disorder. Our total energy calculations confirm the preference for the partially ordered structure over the fully random {\it bcc}-type one. Electronic densities of states $N(E)$, dispersion relations, and McMillan-Hopfield parameters $η$ (electronic contribution to electron-phonon coupling) are studied as a function of composition. The computed increasing trends in $N(E_F)$ and $η$ with $x$ are opposite to what we expected based on the experimental results, where the decrease in the critical temperature with increasing $x$ was found. Very strong electron scattering due to disorder is observed, as the electronic dispersion relations are strongly smeared. As a result, the computed electronic lifetimes $τ$ are very short, leading to a small mean-free path of electrons of the order of interatomic distance, which puts (ScZrNb)$_{1-x}$(RhPd)$_x$ near the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit. The trend in $τ(x)$ is similar to the trend observed experimentally in $T_c(x)$, suggesting that disorder may be the factor that influences $T_c$ in this series of alloys.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, accepted in Physical Review B
Model of Soft CP Violation Using Scalars with Quark Number Two
Creators: name: Glashow, Sheldon L.
name: Yoshikawa, Tadashi
name: Frampton, Paul H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: We propose a model of soft CP violation that evades the strong CP problem and can describe observed CP violation in the neutral kaon sector, both direct and indirect. Our model requires two "duark" mesons carrying quark number two that have complex (CP-violating) bare masses and are coupled to quark pairs. Aside from the existence of these potentially observable new particles with masses of several hundred GeV, we predict a flat unitarity triangle (i.e., no observable direct CP violation in the B-meson sector) and a possibly anomalous branching ratio for the decay mode K+-->pi(+)+nu(nu).
Nesting Symmetries and Diffusion in Disordered d-Wave Superconductors
Creators: name: Yashenkin, A. G.
name: Khveshchenko, D. V.
name: Gornyi, I. V.
name: Hirschfeld, P. J.
name: Atkinson, W. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: The low-energy density of states (DOS) of disordered 2D d-wave superconductors is extremely sensitive to details of both the disorder model and the electronic band structure. Using diagrammatic methods and numerical solutions of the Bogoliubov--de Gennes equations, we show that the physical origin of this sensitivity is the existence of a novel diffusive mode with momentum close to (pi,pi) which is gapless only in systems with a global nesting symmetry. We find that in generic situations the DOS vanishes at the Fermi level. However, proximity to the highly symmetric case may nevertheless lead to observable nonmonotonic behavior of the DOS in the cuprates.
Additional figures and tables from Climate risk index for Italy
Creators: name: Mysiak, Jaroslav
name: Torresan, Silvia
name: Bosello, Francesco
name: Mistry, Malcolm
name: Amadio, Mattia
name: Marzi, Sepehr
name: Furlan, Elisa
name: Sperotto, Anna
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric Sciences
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: We describe a climate risk index developed to inform the national climate adaptation planning in Italy and further elaborated in this paper. The index supports national authorities in designing adaptation policies and plans, guides the initial problem formulation phase, and identifies administrative areas with higher propensity to be adversely affected by climate change. The index combines (i) climate change-amplified hazards; (ii) high-resolution indicators of exposure of chosen economic, social, natural and built- or manufactured capital (MC) assets and (iii) vulnerability which comprises both present-time sensitivity to climate-induced hazards and adaptive capacity. We use standardized anomalies of selected extreme climate indices derived from high-resolution regional climate models' simulations of the EURO-CORDEX initiative as proxies of climate change-altered weather and climate-related hazards. The exposure and sensitivity assessment is based on indicators of manufactured, natural, social and economic capital assets exposed to and adversely affected by climate-related hazards. The MC refers to material goods or fixed assets which support the production process (e.g. industrial machines and buildings); the Natural Capital comprises natural resources and processes (renewable and non-renewable) producing goods and services for the well-being; the Social Capital (SC) addressed factors at individual (people's health, knowledge, skills) and collective (institutional) level (e.g. families, communities, organizations and schools); and the Economic Capital (EC) includes owned and traded goods and services. The results of the climate risk analysis are used to rank the subnational administrative and statistical units according to the climate risk challenges, and possibly for financial resource allocation for climate adaptation.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Advances in risk assessment for climate change adaptation policy’.
Novel Metallic Behavior in Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Dobrosavljević, V.
name: Washburn, S.
name: Popović, Dragana
name: Feng, X. G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Experiments on a sufficiently disordered two-dimensional (2D) electron system in silicon reveal a new and unexpected kind of metallic behavior, where the conductivity decreases as sigma(n(s),T) = sigma(n(s),T = 0)+A(n(s))T(2) (where n(s) is carrier density) to a nonzero value as temperature T-->0. In 2D, the existence of a metal with dsigma/dT>0 is very surprising. In addition, a novel type of a metal-insulator transition obtains, which is unlike any known quantum phase transition in 2D.
(2344) John Tookey
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Novel Structures and Properties of Gold Nanowires
Creators: name: Yin, Shuangye
name: Buldum, Alper
name: Zhao, Jijun
name: Wang, Baolin
name: Wang, Guanghou
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: The structures of free-standing gold nanowires are studied by using molecular-dynamics-based genetic algorithm simulations. Helical and multiwalled cylindrical structures are found for the thinner nanowires, while bulk-like fcc structures eventually form in the thicker nanowires up to 3 nm in diameter. This noncrystalline-crystalline transition starts from the core region of nanowires. The vibrational, electronic, and transport properties of nanowires are investigated based on the optimal structures. Bulklike behaviors are found for the vibrational and electronic properties of the nanowires with fcc crystalline structure. The conductance of nanowires generally increases with wire diameter and depends on the wire structure.
Effects of a Parallel Magnetic Field on the Metal-Insulator Transition in a Dilute Two-Dimensional Electron System
Creators: name: Popović, Dragana
name: Washburn, S.
name: Feng, X. G.
name: Eng, Kevin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: The temperature dependence of conductivity $\sigma (T)$ of a two-dimensional electron system in silicon has been studied in parallel magnetic fields B. At B=0, the system displays a metal-insulator transition at a critical electron density $n_c(0)$, and $d\sigma/dT >0$ in the metallic phase. At low fields ($B\lesssim 2$ T), $n_c$ increases as $n_c(B) - n_c(0) \propto B^{\beta}$ ($\beta\sim 1$), and the zero-temperature conductivity scales as $\sigma (n_s,B,T=0)/\sigma (n_s,0,0)=f(B^{\beta}/\delta_n)$ (where $\delta_n=(n_s-n_c(0))/n_c(0)$, and $n_s$ is electron density) as expected for a quantum phase transition. The metallic phase persists in fields of up to 18 T, consistent with the saturation of $n_c$ at high fields.
Agile development of the SSH Open Marketplace: User Workshop
Creators: name: Dekker, Ron
name: Barbot, Laure
name: Broeder, Daan
name: Ďurčo, Matej
name: Willems, Marieke
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Agile development of the SSH Open Marketplace: User Workshop - International Conference on ICT enhanced Social Sciences and Humanities 2020 (ICTeSSH 2020) The SSH Open Marketplace has been in development for over a year now. A preference for the agile approach and UX best practice means we’ve involved end users as much as possible up to this point via workshops, interviews, brainstorming sessions and prioritisation meetings. When we release the alpha version in June 2020, we’ll want yet more user feedback and engagement. And that's what this workshop is about. We've arranged a two hour slot during the proceedings of the ICTeSSH 2020 Conference (now to be held online). In that time we'll be looking to: Raise awareness of how the SSH Open Marketplace can help researchers in their daily activities and supplement the existing EOSC services Collect feedback from the SSH research community on the functionality and content of the SSH Open Marketplace
(2340) Samuel George Leigh
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(2337) Ernest Braithwaite Martin
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(2339) Marshall Stables
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
UNRAVELING THE MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN ENDOTHELIAL RESPONSE TO MICROGRAVITY
Creators: name: LOCATELLI, LAURA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2020

description: Exposure to real or simulated microgravity is sensed as a stress by mammalian cells, which activate a complex adaptive response. Culture of human endothelial cells for 10 days in real microgravity onboard the ISS resulted in the modulation of more than a thousand genes, some of which involved in stress response. We cultured human endothelial cells for 4 and 10 days in the Rotating Wall Vessel, a NASA developed surrogate system for bench-top microgravity research on Earth. We highlight the crucial role of the early increase of HSP70, since its silencing markedly impairs cell survival. Once HSP70 upregulation fades away after 4 days of simulated microgravity, a complex and articulated increase of various stress proteins - SIRT2, PON2, SOD2, p21, HSP27, P-HSP27 all endowed with cytoprotective properties ? occurs and counterbalances the upregulation of the pro-oxidant TXNIP. Interestingly, TXNIP was the most overexpressed transcript in endothelial cells after space flight. We conclude that HSP70 upregulation sustains the initial adaptive response of endothelial cells to mechanical unloading and drives them towards the acquisition of a novel phenotype that maintains cell viability and function through the involvement of different stress proteins. We also demonstrated that mitophagy contributes to endothelial adaptation to gravitational unloading. After 4 and 10 days of exposure to simulated microgravity in the Rotating Wall Vessel, the amount of BNIP3, a marker of mitophagy, was increased and, in parallel, mitochondrial content and oxygen consumption were reduced, suggesting that HUVEC acquire a thrifty phenotype to meet the novel metabolic challenges generated by gravitational unloading. Moreover, we suggested that microgravity induced-disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton triggers stress adaptation and mitophagy, thus creating a connection between cytoskeletal dynamics and mitochondrial content upon gravitational unloading. We also found that Mg homeostasis was modulated in microgravity, since a reduction of total intracellular magnesium and modulation of its transporters was found in EC exposed to simulated microgravity. We also investigated a new 3D cell culture method, a microfluidic system where EC are cultured in 3D and in presence of fluid laminar flow, in perspective of using these systems for experiments in microgravity.
Ramsauer effect in one-dimensional quantum walk with multiple defects
Creators: name: Lam, Ho Tat
name: Szeto, Kwok Yip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental observations of quantum walks in one dimension have provided many exciting applications in quantum computing, while recent theoretical investigation of single phase defect in these system points towards interesting phenomena associated with bounds states. Here we obtain analytical solutions of quantum walk with a general quantum coin in one dimension with multiple defects, with new prediction on the condition for zero reflectance for scattering state, and the existence of an analogy to the Ramsauer effect for multiple defects. We also show the transition from the zero reflectance state to the bound state can provide a method for preparing the quantum walk in a bound state. Applications to systems similar to thin film optics are suggested.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to PRA
Torsional Response and Stiffening of Individual Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Creators: name: Falvo, M. R.
name: Williams, P. A.
name: Superfine, R.
name: Patel, A. M.
name: Papadakis, S. J.
name: Washburn, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: We report on the characterization of torsional oscillators which use multiwalled carbon nanotubes as the spring elements. Through atomic-force-microscope force-distance measurements we are able to apply torsional strains to the nanotubes and measure their torsional spring constants, and estimate their effective shear moduli. The data show that the nanotubes are stiffened by repeated flexing. We speculate that changes in the intershell mechanical coupling are responsible for the stiffening.