cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Liquid Metal-Organic Frameworks
Creators: name: Gaillac, Romain
name: Pullumbi, Pluton
name: Beyer, Kevin A.
name: Chapman, Karena W.
name: Keen, David A.
name: Bennett, Thomas D.
name: Coudert, François-Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metal--organic frameworks (MOFs) are a family of chemically diverse materials, with applications in a wide range of fields covering engineering, physics, chemistry, biology and medicine. Research so far has focused almost entirely on crystalline structures, yet a clear trend has emerged shifting the emphasis onto disordered states of MOFs, including "defective by design" crystals, as well as amorphous phases such as glasses and gels. Here we introduce a MOF liquid, a strongly associated liquid obtained by melting a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF), with retention of chemical configuration, coordinative bonding modes, and porosity of the parent crystalline framework. We combine in-situ variable temperature X-ray, ex-situ neutron pair distribution function experiments, and first principles molecular dynamics simulations to study the melting phenomenon and the nature of the liquid obtained, focusing on structural characterization at the molecular scale, dynamics of the species, and thermodynamics of the solid--liquid transition.
Are General Circulation Models obsolete?
Creators: name: Balaji, V.
name: Couvreux, Fleur
name: Deshayes, Julie
name: Gautrais, Jacques
name: Hourdin, Frédéric
name: Rio, Catherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Traditional general circulation models, or GCMs -- i.e. 3D dynamical models with unresolved terms represented in equations with tunable parameters -- have been a mainstay of climate research for several decades, and some of the pioneering studies have recently been recognized by a Nobel prize in Physics. Yet, there is considerable debate around their continuing role in the future. Frequently mentioned as limitations of GCMs are the structural error and uncertainty across models with different representations of unresolved scales; and the fact that the models are tuned to reproduce certain aspects of the observed Earth. We consider these shortcomings in the context of a future generation of models that may address these issues through substantially higher resolution and detail, or through the use of machine learning techniques to match them better to observations, theory, and process models. It is our contention that calibration, far from being a weakness of models, is an essential element in the simulation of complex systems, and contributes to our understanding of their inner workings. Models can be calibrated to reveal both fine-scale detail, or the global response to external perturbations. New methods enable us to articulate and improve the connections between the different levels of abstract representation of climate processes, and our understanding resides in an entire hierarchy of models where GCMs will continue to play a central role for the foreseeable future..
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, 93 citations
Internal Delensing of Cosmic Microwave Background Acoustic Peaks
Creators: name: Sehgal, Neelima
name: Madhavacheril, Mathew S.
name: Sherwin, Blake
name: van Engelen, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method to delens the acoustic peaks of the CMB temperature and polarization power spectra internally, using lensing maps reconstructed from the CMB itself. We find that when delensing CMB acoustic peaks with a lensing potential map derived from the same CMB sky, a large bias arises in the delensed power spectrum. The cause of this bias is that the noise in the reconstructed potential map is derived from, and hence correlated with, the CMB map when delensing. This bias is more significant relative to the signal than an analogous bias found when delensing CMB B modes. We calculate the leading term of this bias, which is present even in the absence of lensing. We also demonstrate one method to remove this bias, using reconstructions from CMB angular scales within given ranges to delens CMB scales outside of those ranges. Some details relevant for a realistic analysis are also discussed, such as the importance of removing mask-induced effects for successful delensing, and a useful null test, obtained from randomizing the phases of the reconstructed potential. Our findings should help current and next-generation CMB experiments obtain tighter parameter constraints via the internal removal of lensing-induced smoothing from temperature and E-mode acoustic peaks.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, version matches that accepted by PRD
Robust and Pristine Top ological Dirac Semimetal Phase in Pressured Two-Dimensional Black Phosphorous
Creators: name: Gong, Peng-Lai
name: Deng, Bei
name: Huang, Liang-Feng
name: Hu, Liang
name: Wang, Wei-Chao
name: Liu, Da-Yong
name: Shi, Xing-Qiang
name: Zeng, Zhi
name: Zou, Liang-Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Very recently, in spite of various efforts in searching for two dimensional topological Dirac semimetals (2D TDSMs) in phosphorene, there remains a lack of experimentally efficient way to activate such phase transition and the underlying mechanism for the topological phase acquisition is still controversial. Here, from first-principles calculations in combination with a band-sorting technique based on k.p theory, a layer-pressure topological phase diagram is obtained and some of the controversies are clarified. We demonstrate that, compared with tuning by external electric-fields, strain or doping by adsorption, hydrostatic pressure can be an experimentally more feasible way to activate the topological phase transition for 2D TDSM acquisition in phosphorene. More importantly, the resultant TDSM state is a pristine phase possessing a single pair of symmetry-protected Dirac cones right at the Fermi level, in startling contrast to the pressured bulk black phosphorous where only a carrier-mixed Dirac state can be obtained. We corroborate that the Dirac points are robust under external perturbation as long as the glide-plane symmetry preserves. Our findings provide a means to realize 2D pristine TDSM in a more achievable manner, which could be crucial in the realization of controllable TDSM states in phosphorene and related 2D materials.
description: 5 figures+Supplemental Material
Galaxy Protoclusters as Drivers of Cosmic Star-Formation History in the First 2 Gyr
Creators: name: Chiang, Yi-Kuan
name: Overzier, Roderik A.
name: Gebhardt, Karl
name: Henriques, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Present-day clusters are massive halos containing mostly quiescent galaxies, while distant protoclusters are extended structures containing numerous star-forming galaxies. We investigate the implications of this fundamental change in a cosmological context using a set of N-body simulations and semi-analytic models. We find that the fraction of the cosmic volume occupied by all (proto)clusters increases by nearly three orders of magnitude from z=0 to z=7. We show that (proto)cluster galaxies are an important, and even dominant population at high redshift, as their expected contribution to the cosmic star-formation rate density rises (from 1% at z=0) to 20% at z=2 and 50% at z=10. Protoclusters thus provide a significant fraction of the cosmic ionizing photons, and may have been crucial in driving the timing and topology of cosmic reionization. Internally, the average history of cluster formation can be described by three distinct phases: at z~10-5, galaxy growth in protoclusters proceeded in an inside-out manner, with centrally dominant halos that are among the most active regions in the Universe; at z~5-1.5, rapid star formation occurred within the entire 10-20 Mpc structures, forming most of their present-day stellar mass; at z
description: 7 pages, 5 figures; accepted for publication in ApJL
A first constraint on the average mass of ultra diffuse galaxies from weak gravitational lensing
Creators: name: Sifón, Cristóbal
name: van der Burg, Remco F. J.
name: Hoekstra, Henk
name: Muzzin, Adam
name: Herbonnet, Ricardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of thousands of ultra diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in nearby galaxy clusters has opened a new window into the process of galaxy formation and evolution. Several scenarios have been proposed to explain the formation history of UDGs, and their ability to survive in the harsh cluster environments. A key requirement to distinguish between these scenarios is a measurement of their halo masses which, due to their low surface brightnesses, has proven difficult if one relies on stellar tracers of the potential. We exploit weak gravitational lensing, a technique that does not depend on these baryonic tracers, to measure the average subhalo mass of 784 UDGs selected in 18 clusters at $z\leq0.09$. Our sample of UDGs has a median stellar mass $\langle m_\star\rangle=2\times10^8\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$ and a median effective radius $\langle r_\mathrm{eff}\rangle=2.8$ kpc. We constrain the average mass of subhaloes within 30 kpc to $\log m_\mathrm{UDG}(r<30\,\mathrm{kpc})/\mathrm{M}_\odot\leq10.99$ at 95 per cent credibility, implying an effective virial mass $\log m_{200}/\mathrm{M}_\odot\leq11.80$, and a lower limit on the stellar mass fraction within 10 kpc of 1.0 per cent. Such mass is consistent with a simple extrapolation of the subhalo-to-stellar mass relation of typical satellite galaxies in massive clusters. However, our analysis is not sensitive to scatter about this mean mass; the possibility remains that extreme UDGs reside in haloes as massive as the Milky Way.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRAS. Only style changes from v2
Gravitational Waves from Double White Dwarfs as probes of the Milky Way
Creators: name: Georgousi, Maria
name: Karnesis, Nikolaos
name: Korol, Valeriya
name: Pieroni, Mauro
name: Stergioulas, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Future gravitational wave detectors, such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (\textit{LISA}), will be able to resolve a significant number of the ultra compact stellar-mass binaries in our own Galaxy and its neighborhood. These will be mostly double white dwarf (DWD) binaries, and their underlying population characteristics can be directly correlated to the different properties of the Galaxy. In particular, with \textit{LISA} we will be able to resolve $\sim\mathcal{O}(10^4)$ binaries, while the rest will generate a confusion foreground signal. Analogously to how the total electromagnetic radiation emitted by a galaxy can be related to the underlying total stellar mass, in this work we propose a framework to infer the same quantity by investigating the spectral shape and amplitude of the confusion foreground signal. For a fixed DWD evolution model, and thus a fixed binary fraction, we retrieve percentage-level relative errors on the total stellar mass, which improves for increasing values of the mass. At the same time, we find that variations in the Milky Way shape, at a fixed mass and at scale heights smaller than 500~pc, are not distinguishable based on the shape of stochastic signal alone. We perform this analysis on simulations of the LISA data, estimating the resolvable sources based on signal-to-noise criteria. Finally, we utilize the catalogue of resolvable sources to probe the characteristics of the underlying population of DWD binaries. We show that the DWD frequency, coalescence time and chirp mass (up to $<0.7\,$M$_\odot$) distributions can be reconstructed from \textit{LISA} data with no bias.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
The density profile of the six vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions
Creators: name: Lyberg, Ivar
name: Korepin, Vladimir
name: Viti, Jacopo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study numerically the density profile in the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions. Using a Monte Carlo algorithm originally proposed by Allison and Reshetikhin we numerically evaluate the inhomogeneous density profiles in the disordered and antiferromagnetic regimes where frozen corners appear. At the free fermion point we present an exact finite-size formula for the density on the horizontal edges that relies on the imaginary time transfer matrix approach. In all cases where exact analytic forms for the density and the arctic curves are known the numerical method shows perfect agreement with them. This also suggests the possibility of its use for accurate quantitative purposes.
description: 13 pages, 7 pictures, Published version
Luminous Supernovae: Unveiling a Population Between Superluminous and Normal Core-collapse Supernovae
Creators: name: Gomez, Sebastian
name: Berger, Edo
name: Nicholl, Matt
name: Blanchard, Peter K.
name: Hosseinzadeh, Griffin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae can be divided into two broad classes: the common Type Ib/c supernovae (SNe Ib/c), powered by the radioactive decay of $^{56}$Ni, and the rare superluminous supernovae (SLSNe), most likely powered by the spin-down of a magnetar central engine. Up to now, the intermediate regime between these two populations has remained mostly unexplored. Here, we present a comprehensive study of 40 \textit{luminous supernovae} (LSNe), SNe with peak magnitudes of $M_r = -19$ to $-20$ mag, bound by SLSNe on the bright end and by SNe Ib/c on the dim end. Spectroscopically, LSNe appear to form a continuum between Type Ic SNe and SLSNe. Given their intermediate nature, we model the light curves of all LSNe using a combined magnetar plus radioactive decay model and find that they are indeed intermediate, not only in terms of their peak luminosity and spectra, but also in their rise times, power sources, and physical parameters. We sub-classify LSNe into distinct groups that are either as fast-evolving as SNe Ib/c or as slow-evolving as SLSNe, and appear to be either radioactively or magnetar powered, respectively. Our findings indicate that LSNe are powered by either an over-abundant production of $^{56}$Ni or by weak magnetar engines, and may serve as the missing link between the two populations.
description: 39 pages, 16 figures, submitted to ApJ
Spectroscopy of Light Baryons: $Δ$ Resonances
Creators: name: Menapara, Chandni
name: Rai, Ajay Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectroscopy of light, strange baryons have been an important aspect with still unknown resonances and intrinsic baryonic properties. The present document is focused on the $Δ$ baryons unlike earlier work, here all the four isospin states have been separately obtained treating u and d quarks with different constituent masses. The theoretical framework for calculating the resonance masses is hypercentral Constituent Quark Model (hCQM). The confining potential is taken as of linear form alongwith the addition of spin-dependent as well as first order correction term. The results obtained have been compared with many varied approaches as well as experimental available states. In addition to mass spectra, Regge trajectories for (n,$M^{2}$) and (J,$M^{2}$) have been plotted. The magnetic moment as well as transition magnetic moment have been calculated using effective quark mass. The radiative decay width has been studied for $Δ^{+}$ and $Δ^{0}$ channels.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Far-from-equilibrium initial conditions probed by a nonlocal observable
Creators: name: Shahkarami, L.
name: Ebrahim, H.
name: Ali-Akbari, M.
name: Charmchi, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the gauge/gravity duality, we investigate the evolution of an out-of-equilibrium strongly-coupled plasma from the viewpoint of the two-point function of scalar gauge-invariant operators with large conformal dimension. This system is out of equilibrium due to the presence of anisotropy and/or a massive scalar field. Considering various functions for the initial anisotropy and scalar field, we conclude that the effect of the anisotropy on the evolution of the two-point function is considerably more than the effect of the scalar field. We also show that the ordering of the equilibration time of the one-point function for the non-probe scalar field and the correlation function between two points with a fixed separation can be reversed by changing the initial configuration of the plasma, when the system is out of the equilibrium due to the presence of at least two different sources like our problem. In addition, we find the equilibration time of the two-point function to be linearly increasing with respect to the separation of the two points with a fixed slope, regardless of the initial configuration that we start with. Finally we observe that, for larger separations the geodesic connecting two points on the boundary crosses the event horizon after it has reached its final equilibrium value, meaning that the two-point function can probe behind the event horizon.
Feshbach Spectroscopy of Cs Atom Pairs in Optical Tweezers
Creators: name: Brooks, R V
name: Guttridge, A
name: Frye, Matthew D
name: Ruttley, D K
name: Spence, S
name: Hutson, Jeremy M
name: Cornish, Simon L
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prepare pairs of $^{133}$Cs atoms in a single optical tweezer and perform Feshbach spectroscopy for collisions of atoms in the states $(f=3, m_f=\pm3)$. We detect enhancements in pair loss using a detection scheme where the optical tweezers are repeatedly subdivided. For atoms in the state $(3,-3)$, we identify resonant features by performing inelastic loss spectroscopy. We carry out coupled-channel scattering calculations and show that at typical experimental temperatures the loss features are mostly centred on zeroes in the scattering length, rather than resonance centres. We measure the number of atoms remaining after a collision, elucidating how the different loss processes are influenced by the tweezer depth. These measurements probe the energy released during an inelastic collision, and thus give information on the states of the collision products. We also identify resonances with atom pairs prepared in the absolute ground state $(f=3, m_f=3)$, where two-body radiative loss is engineered by an excitation laser blue-detuned from the Cs D$_2$ line. These results demonstrate optical tweezers to be a versatile tool to study two-body collisions with number-resolved detection sensitivity.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
The probability of galaxy-galaxy strong lensing events in hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Meneghetti, Massimo
name: Ragagnin, Antonio
name: Borgani, Stefano
name: Calura, Francesco
name: Despali, Giulia
name: Giocoli, Carlo
name: Granato, Gian Luigi
name: Grillo, Claudio
name: Moscardini, Lauro
name: Rasia, Elena
name: Rosati, Piero
name: Angora, Giuseppe
name: Bassini, Luigi
name: Bergamini, Pietro
name: Caminha, Gabriel B.
name: Granata, Giovanni
name: Mercurio, Amata
name: Metcalf, Robert Benton
name: Natarajan, Priyamvada
name: Nonino, Mario
name: Pignataro, Giada Venusta
name: Ragone-Figueroa, Cinthia
name: Vanzella, Eros
name: Acebron, Ana
name: Dolag, Klaus
name: Murante, Giuseppe
name: Taffoni, Giuliano
name: Tornatore, Luca
name: Tortorelli, Luca
name: Valentini, Milena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Meneghetti et al. (2020) recently reported an excess of galaxy-galaxy strong lensing (GGSL) in galaxy clusters compared to expectations from the LCDM cosmological model. Theoretical estimates of the GGSL probability are based on the analysis of numerical hydrodynamical simulations in the LCDM cosmology. We quantify the impact of the numerical resolution and AGN feedback scheme adopted in cosmological simulations on the predicted GGSL probability and determine if varying these simulation properties can alleviate the gap with observations. We repeat the analysis of Meneghetti et al. (2020) on cluster-size halos simulated with different mass and force resolutions and implementing several independent AGN feedback schemes. We find that improving the mass resolution by a factor of ten and twenty-five, while using the same galaxy formation model that includes AGN feedback, does not affect the GGSL probability. We find similar results regarding the choice of gravitational softening. On the contrary, adopting an AGN feedback scheme that is less efficient at suppressing gas cooling and star formation leads to an increase in the GGSL probability by a factor between three and six. However, we notice that such simulations form overly massive subhalos whose contribution to the lensing cross-section would be significant while their Einstein radii are too large to be consistent with the observations. The primary contributors to the observed GGSL cross-sections are subhalos with smaller masses, that are compact enough to become critical for lensing. The population with these required characteristics appears to be absent in simulations.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures. Submitted for publication on Astronomy and Astrophysics
Decoherence and Microscopic Diffusion at SYK
Creators: name: Magan, Javier M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) or embedded random ensembles are models of $N$ fermions with random k-body interactions. They play an important role in understanding black hole dynamics, quantum chaos, and thermalization. We study out of equilibrium scenarios in these systems and show they display perfect decoherence at all times. This peculiar feature makes them very attractive in the context of the quantum-to-classical transition and the emergence of classical general relativity. Based on this feature and unitarity, we propose a rate/continuity equation for the dynamics of the $\mathcal{O}(e^N)$ microstates probabilities. The effective permutation symmetry of the models drastically reduces the number of variables, allowing for compact expressions of n-point correlation functions and entropy of the microscopic distribution. Further assuming a generalized Fermi golden rule allows finding analytic formulas for the kernel spectrum at finite $N$, providing a series of short and long time scales controlling the out of equilibrium dynamics of this model. This approach to chaos, long time scales, and $1/N$ corrections might be tested in future experiments.
description: 9 pages. Expanded and reorganized results. Decoherence proven at all times. New references added
zBEAMS: A unified solution for supernova cosmology with redshift uncertainties
Creators: name: Roberts, Ethan
name: Lochner, Michelle
name: Fonseca, José
name: Bassett, Bruce A.
name: Lablanche, Pierre-Yves
name: Agarwal, Shankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supernova cosmology without spectra will be an important component of future surveys such as LSST. This lack of supernova spectra results in uncertainty in the redshifts which, if ignored, leads to significantly biased estimates of cosmological parameters. Here we present a hierarchical Bayesian formalism -- zBEAMS -- that addresses this problem by marginalising over the unknown or uncertain supernova redshifts to produce unbiased cosmological estimates that are competitive with supernova data with spectroscopically confirmed redshifts. zBEAMS provides a unified treatment of both photometric redshifts and host galaxy misidentification (occurring due to chance galaxy alignments or faint hosts), effectively correcting the inevitable contamination in the Hubble diagram. Like its predecessor BEAMS, our formalism also takes care of non-Ia supernova contamination by marginalising over the unknown supernova type. We illustrate this technique with simulations of supernovae with photometric redshifts and host galaxy misidentification. A novel feature of the photometric redshift case is the important role played by the redshift distribution of the supernovae.
description: Matches published version, 18 pages, 6 figures, Code available: https://github.com/MichelleLochner/zBEAMS
Multimodal Hate Speech Detection from Bengali Memes and Texts
Creators: name: Karim, Md. Rezaul
name: Dey, Sumon Kanti
name: Islam, Tanhim
name: Shajalal, Md.
name: Chakravarthi, Bharathi Raja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Numerous machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL)-based approaches have been proposed to utilize textual data from social media for anti-social behavior analysis like cyberbullying, fake news detection, and identification of hate speech mainly for highly-resourced languages such as English. However, despite having a lot of diversity and millions of native speakers, some languages like Bengali are under-resourced, which is due to a lack of computational resources for natural language processing (NLP). Similar to other languages, Bengali social media contents also include images along with texts (e.g., multimodal memes are posted by embedding short texts into images on Facebook). Therefore, only the textual data is not enough to judge them since images might give extra context to make a proper judgement. This paper is about hate speech detection from multimodal Bengali memes and texts. We prepared the only multimodal hate speech dataset for-a-kind of problem for Bengali, which we use to train state-of-the-art neural architectures (e.g., Bi-LSTM/Conv-LSTM with word embeddings, ConvNets + pre-trained language models, e.g., monolingual Bangla BERT, multilingual BERT-cased/uncased, and XLM-RoBERTa) to jointly analyze textual and visual information for hate speech detection. Conv-LSTM and XLM-RoBERTa models performed best for texts, yielding F1 scores of 0.78 and 0.82, respectively. As of memes, ResNet-152 and DenseNet-161 models yield F1 scores of 0.78 and 0.79, respectively. As for multimodal fusion, XLM-RoBERTa + DenseNet-161 performed the best, yielding an F1 score of 0.83. Our study suggests that text modality is most useful for hate speech detection, while memes are moderately useful.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2107.00648 by other authors
Characterization and Optimization of Integrated Silicon-Photonic Neural Networks under Fabrication-Process Variations
Creators: name: Mirza, Asif
name: Shafiee, Amin
name: Banerjee, Sanmitra
name: Chakrabarty, Krishnendu
name: Pasricha, Sudeep
name: Nikdast, Mahdi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Silicon-photonic neural networks (SPNNs) have emerged as promising successors to electronic artificial intelligence (AI) accelerators by offering orders of magnitude lower latency and higher energy efficiency. Nevertheless, the underlying silicon photonic devices in SPNNs are sensitive to inevitable fabrication-process variations (FPVs) stemming from optical lithography imperfections. Consequently, the inferencing accuracy in an SPNN can be highly impacted by FPVs -- e.g., can drop to below 10% -- the impact of which is yet to be fully studied. In this paper, we, for the first time, model and explore the impact of FPVs in the waveguide width and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) thickness in coherent SPNNs that use Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs). Leveraging such models, we propose a novel variation-aware, design-time optimization solution to improve MZI tolerance to different FPVs in SPNNs. Simulation results for two example SPNNs of different scales under realistic and correlated FPVs indicate that the optimized MZIs can improve the inferencing accuracy by up to 93.95% for the MNIST handwritten digit dataset -- considered as an example in this paper -- which corresponds to a <0.5% accuracy loss compared to the variation-free case. The proposed one-time optimization method imposes low area overhead, and hence is applicable even to resource-constrained designs
Anisotropic SD2 brane: accelerating cosmology and Kasner-like space-time from compactification
Creators: name: Nayek, Kuntal
name: Roy, Shibaji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from an anisotropic (in all directions including the time direction of the brane) non-susy D2 brane solution of type IIA string theory we construct an anisotropic space-like D2 brane (or SD2 brane, for short) solution by the standard trick of double Wick rotation. This solution is characterized by five independent parameters. We show that upon compactification on six dimensional hyperbolic space (H$_6$) of time dependent volume of this SD2 brane solution leads to accelerating cosmologies (for some time $t\sim\,t_0$, with $t_0$ some characteristic time) where both the expansions and the accelerations are different in three spatial directions of the resultant four dimensional universe. On the other hand at early times ($t \ll t_0$) this four dimensional space, under certain situations, leads to four dimensional Kasner-like cosmology, with two additional scalars, namely, the dilaton and a volume scalar of H$_6$. Unlike in the standard four dimensional Kasner cosmology here all three Kasner exponents could be positive definite, leading to expansions in all three directions.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures; v2: Section 4 has been clarified and one reference added; v3: more clarifications added, eqs.(19),(26) corrected, one reference added, version to appear in EPJC
Super-critical accretion of medium-weight seed black holes in gaseous proto-galactic nuclei
Creators: name: Sassano, Federica
name: Capelo, Pedro R.
name: Mayer, Lucio
name: Schneider, Raffaella
name: Valiante, Rosa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accretion at sustained or episodic super-Eddington (SE) rates has been proposed as a pathway to grow efficiently light seeds produced by Pop-III stars. We investigate if SE accretion can be sustained onto a black hole (BH) with $M_{\odot} \sim 10^3$~M$_{\odot}$ in the centre of a gas-rich proto-galaxy at $z=15$. We perform high-resolution smoothed-particle hydrodynamical simulations, including two different sub-grid models for SE accretion, one based on the slim disc paradigm, and one inspired by recent radiation-magnetohydrodynamical simulations by Jiang and collaborators. Radiative feedback has the form of a thermal dump to surrounding gas particles, with the radiative efficiency being set according to the different SE accretion models. We find that, in all simulations, star formation, BH feedback, and interactions between clumps and the BH rapidly quench accretion after $\sim$1~Myr, irrespective of the sub-grid model used for accretion. Quenching is stronger in the model based on the simulations of Jiang and collaborators relative to the slim disc model because of its higher radiative efficiency. The SE growth phase is always very brief, lasting a few 0.1~Myr. In the most optimistic case, the BH reaches a mass of $\sim$10$^4$~M$_{\odot}$. We extrapolate the final BH masses from $z=15$ to $z\sim6$, assuming subsequent galaxy mergers will replenish the gas reservoir and trigger new cycles of SE accretion. We find that at most BH seeds would grow to $\sim$10$^6$~M$_{\odot}$, comparable to the mass of massive BHs in spiral galaxies such as the Milky Way, but falling short of the mass of the high-redshift quasars.
description: 20 pages, 19 figures, 3 tables
title: A PILOT RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF SMOKING CESSATION INDUCTION TREATMENT FOR RURAL, UNDERSERVED CANCER SURVIVORS ACROSS THE CONTINUUM OF MOTIVATION TO QUIT
Creators: name: Bowling, William
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: FOS: Psychology
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: The United States’ smoking prevalence has decreased substantially, but this public health improvement is unevenly distributed across the population. A promising individual-level approach to cancer control equity is to develop more acceptable and efficacious interventions that are widely disseminated to rural and other disadvantaged cancer survivors. Smoking cessation induction focuses not on long-term abstinence, but on engaging people in the process of making quit attempts and may be ideal for hard-to-reach populations. The aim of this pilot randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a smoking cessation induction intervention designed for rural cancer survivors. The treatment group received a free, 2-week supply of nicotine replacement therapy and brief advice pertinent to smoking cessation and resources for unmet needs; the control group received no medication. Participants (n=49; 51.0% male) were proactively recruited and procedures were accomplished via mail or phone. Data collection occurred pre-intervention (Day 0) with Days 30 and 60 follow-up. The accrual rate for the primary recruitment source (specifically, cancer registry) was 66.7%. Retention was 75.0% and 72.0% for the treatment and control groups. Across follow-up, the treatment group reported intention and confidence to quit (ps=.24-.55) and instances of 50% smoking reduction (p=.15) that were similar to the control group, though they reported more 24-hour quit attempts (p=.02). Treatment acceptability ratings were favorable; no serious adverse events reported. Future studies should consider alternative community-based recruitment strategies and interventions with greater intensity and more interaction to bolster and sustain early gains in motivation and behavior change.
description: © 2022 William Bowling
From inflation to recent cosmic acceleration: The fermionic Elko field driving the evolution of the universe
Creators: name: Pereira, S. H.
name: Guimarães, T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we construct the complete evolution of the universe driven by the mass dimension one dark spinor called Elko, starting with inflation, passing by the matter dominated era and finishing with the recent accelerated expansion. The dynamic of the fermionic Elko field with a symmetry breaking type potential can reproduce all phases of the universe in a natural and elegant way. The dynamical equations in general case and slow roll conditions in the limit $H\ll m_{pl}$ are also presented for the Elko system. Numerical analysis for the number of e-foldings during inflation, energy density after inflation and for present time and also the actual size of the universe are in good agreement with the standard model of cosmology. An interpretation of the inflationary phase as a result of Pauli exclusion principle is also possible if the Elko field is treated as an average value of its quantum analogue.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures. Text revised and new abstract added. Accepted for publication in JCAP
The Linear Span of Uniform Matrix Product States
Creators: name: De Lazzari, Claudia
name: Motwani, Harshit J
name: Seynnaeve, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 15A69, 20G05, 81P45

description: The variety of uniform matrix product states arises both in algebraic geometry as a natural generalization of the Veronese variety, and in quantum many-body physics as a model for a translation-invariant system of sites placed on a ring. Using methods from linear algebra, representation theory, and invariant theory of matrices, we study the linear span of this variety.
Hoplias misionera Rosso, Mabragaña, González-Castro, Delpiani, Avigliano, Schenone & Astarloa, 2016, n. sp.
Creators: name: Rosso, Juan J.
name: Mabragaña, Ezequiel
name: González-Castro, Mariano
name: Delpiani, Matías S.
name: Avigliano, Esteban
name: Schenone, Nahuel
name: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Characiformes
Erythrinidae
Hoplias
Hoplias misionera

description: Hoplias misionera n. sp.
(Fig. 1; Tab. I)
description: Published as part of Rosso, Juan J., Mabragaña, Ezequiel, González-Castro, Mariano, Delpiani, Matías S., Avigliano, Esteban, Schenone, Nahuel & Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M., 2016, A new species of the Hoplias malabaricus species complex (Characiformes: Erythrinidae) from the La Plata River basin, pp. 199-208 in Cybium 40 (3) on page 200, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2016-403-002, http://zenodo.org/record/13491495
A Kilonova Following a Long-Duration Gamma-Ray Burst at 350 Mpc
Creators: name: Rastinejad, J. C.
name: Gompertz, B. P.
name: Levan, A. J.
name: Fong, W.
name: Nicholl, M.
name: Lamb, G. P.
name: Malesani, D. B.
name: Nugent, A. E.
name: Oates, S. R.
name: Tanvir, N. R.
name: Postigo, A. de Ugarte
name: Kilpatrick, C. D.
name: Moore, C. J.
name: Metzger, B. D.
name: Ravasio, M. E.
name: Rossi, A.
name: Schroeder, G.
name: Jencson, J.
name: Sand, D. J.
name: Smith, N.
name: Fernández, J. F. Agüí
name: Berger, E.
name: Blanchard, P. K.
name: Chornock, R.
name: Cobb, B. E.
name: De Pasquale, M.
name: Fynbo, J. P. U.
name: Izzo, L.
name: Kann, D. A.
name: Laskar, T.
name: Marini, E.
name: Paterson, K.
name: Escorial, A. Rouco
name: Sears, H. M.
name: Thöne, C. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here, we report the discovery of a kilonova associated with the nearby (350 Mpc) minute-duration GRB 211211A. In tandem with deep optical limits that rule out the presence of an accompanying supernova to $M_I > -13$ mag at 17.7 days post-burst, the identification of a kilonova confirms that this burst's progenitor was a compact object merger. While the spectrally softer tail in GRB 211211A's gamma-ray light curve is reminiscent of previous extended emission short GRBs (EE-SGRBs), its prompt, bright spikes last $\gtrsim 12$ s, separating it from past EE-SGRBs. GRB 211211A's kilonova has a similar luminosity, duration and color to AT2017gfo, the kilonova found in association with the gravitational wave (GW)-detected binary neutron star (BNS) merger GW170817. We find that the merger ejected $\approx 0.04 M_{\odot}$ of r-process-rich material, and is consistent with the merger of two neutron stars (NSs) with masses close to the canonical $1.4 M_{\odot}$. This discovery implies that GRBs with long, complex light curves can be spawned from compact object merger events and that a population of kilonovae following GRBs with durations $\gg 2$ s should be accounted for in calculations of the NS merger r-process contribution and rate. At 350 Mpc, the current network of GW interferometers at design sensitivity would have detected the merger precipitating GRB 211211A, had it been operating at the time of the event. Further searches for GW signals coincident with long GRBs are therefore a promising route for future multi-messenger astronomy.
description: Submitted. 69 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables
Lateral p-n Junction in an Inverted InAs/GaSb Double Quantum Well
Creators: name: Karalic, Matija
name: Mittag, Christopher
name: Tschirky, Thomas
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Ensslin, Klaus
name: Ihn, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present transport measurements on a lateral p-n junction in an inverted InAs/GaSb double quantum well at zero and nonzero perpendicular magnetic fields. At a zero magnetic field, the junction exhibits diodelike behavior in accordance with the presence of a hybridization gap. With an increasing magnetic field, we explore the quantum Hall regime where spin-polarized edge states with the same chirality are either reflected or transmitted at the junction, whereas those of opposite chirality undergo a mixing process, leading to full equilibration along the width of the junction independent of spin. These results lay the foundations for using p-n junctions in InAs/GaSb double quantum wells to probe the transition between the topological quantum spin Hall and quantum Hall states.
A spintronic analog of the Landauer residual resistivity dipole on the surface of a disordered topological insulator
Creators: name: Fabiha, Raisa
name: Bandyopadhyay, Supriyo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Landauer "residual resistivity dipole" is a well-known concept in electron transport through a disordered medium. It is formed when a defect/scatterer reflects an impinging electron causing negative charges to build up on one side of the scatterer and positive charges on the other. This results in the formation of a microscopic electric dipole that affects the resistivity of the medium. Here, we show that an equivalent entity forms in spin polarized electron transport through the surface of a disordered topological insulator (TI). When electrons reflect from a scatterer on the TI surface, a spin imbalance forms around the scatterer, resulting in a spin current that flows either in the same or the opposite direction as the injected spin current and hence either increases or decreases the spin resistivity. It also destroys spin-momentum locking and produces a magnetic field around the scatterer. The latter will cause transiting spins to precess as they pass the scatterer, thereby radiating electromagnetic waves and implementing an oscillator. If an alternating current is passed through the TI instead of a static current, the magnetic field will oscillate with the frequency of the current and radiate electromagnetic waves of the same frequency, thus making the scatterer act as a miniature antenna.
Black hole thermodynamics in asymptotically safe gravity
Creators: name: Mandal, Rituparna
name: Gangopadhyay, Sunandan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the black hole thermodynamics and the phase transition for renormalized group improved asymptotically safe Schwarzschild black hole. This geometry takes into account the quantum gravitational correction in the running gravitational constant identifying $G(r) \equiv G(k=k(r))$. We studied various thermodynamic quantity like the Hawking temperature, specific heat and entropy for the general parameter $γ$ for quantum corrected Schwarzschild metric. We have noticed that the coefficient of the leading quantum correction, that is, the logarithmic correction gets affected by the presence of $γ$. We further study the local temperature, thermal stability of the black hole and the free energy considering a cavity enclosing the black hole. According to the local specific heat, there exists three black hole states, among them the large and tiny black hole are thermally stable states. We further investigate the on-shell free energy and find that no Hawking-Page phase transition occurs here unlike the ordinary Schwarzschild black hole. The black hole state always prevails for all temperatures. Also, we have found two critical points, $T_{c1}$ and $T_{c2}$, corresponding to the phase transition from one black hole state to another.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, comments are welcome
TOTAL SYNTHESES OF BERGAMOTANE SESQUITERPENES AND LYCOPODIUM ALKALOIDS AND COMPUTATIONAL STUDY TOWARD DIAMINATION OF ALLENES AND [2+2] SELECTIVITY
Creators: name: Wang, Ye-Cheng
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2022
Subjects: Organic chemical synthesis

description: Total synthesis of massarinolin A, purpurlides B, D, E, 2,3-deoxypurpurolide C, phleghenrines A and B were finished. A halogen bond promoted michael addiation was discovered during mechanism study toward diamination of allenes. Computational chemsitry study conducted toward the selectivity of 2+2 reaction supported the proposed key reaction during total synthesis of gibberellic acid 18.
Configurational entropy of charged AdS black holes
Creators: name: Lee, Chong Oh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When we consider charged AdS black holes in higher dimensional spacetime and a molecule number density along coexistence curves is numerically extended to higher dimensional cases. It is found that a number density difference of a small and large black holes decrease as a total dimension grows up. In particular, we find that a configurational entropy is a concave function of a reduced temperature and reaches a maximum value at a critical (second-order phase transition) point. Furthermore, the bigger a total dimension becomes, the more concave function in a configurational entropy while the more convex function in a reduced pressure.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, typos corrected, version to appear in PLB
Minlos-Faddeev regularization of zero-range interactions in the three-body problem
Creators: name: Kartavtsev, O. I.
name: Malykh, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70F07, 81Vxx

description: To regularize the three-body problem, Minlos and Faddeev suggested a modification of zero-range model, which diminishes interaction at the triple-collision point. The analysis reveals that this regularization results in four alternatives depending on the regularization parameter $ σ$. Explicitly, Efimov or Thomas effects remain for $ σ< σ_c $, the additional boundary conditions of two types should be imposed at the triple-collision point for $ σ_c \le σ< σ_e $ and $ σ_e < σ< σ_r $, and the problem is regularized for $ σ\ge σ_r $. Critical values $ σ_c < σ_e < σ_r $ separating different alternatives are determined both for a two-component three-body system and for three identical bosons.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures. Accepted in JETP Letters