cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Data for "Lightweight integration of 3D features to improve 2D image segmentation"
Creators: name: Pradelle, Olivier
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Projection map for the ScanNet dataset and pretrained network for the github repository of the paper "Lightweight integration of 3D features to improve 2D image segmentation" github : https://github.com/OPradelle/2DGuidedLight3D
description: {"references": ["Pradelle et al. 2023, arxiv : https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.08334, paper : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0097849323000936"]}
Nonparametric Hierarchical Clustering of Functional Data
Creators: name: Boullé, Marc
name: Guigourès, Romain
name: Rossi, Fabrice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we deal with the problem of curves clustering. We propose a nonparametric method which partitions the curves into clusters and discretizes the dimensions of the curve points into intervals. The cross-product of these partitions forms a data-grid which is obtained using a Bayesian model selection approach while making no assumptions regarding the curves. Finally, a post-processing technique, aiming at reducing the number of clusters in order to improve the interpretability of the clustering, is proposed. It consists in optimally merging the clusters step by step, which corresponds to an agglomerative hierarchical classification whose dissimilarity measure is the variation of the criterion. Interestingly this measure is none other than the sum of the Kullback-Leibler divergences between clusters distributions before and after the merges. The practical interest of the approach for functional data exploratory analysis is presented and compared with an alternative approach on an artificial and a real world data set.
Synthesis of technetium hydride TcH$_{1.3}$ at 27 GPa
Creators: name: Zhou, D.
name: Semenok, D. V.
name: Volkov, M. A.
name: Troyan, I. A.
name: Seregin, A. Yu.
name: Chepkasov, I. V.
name: Sannikov, D. A.
name: Lagoudakis, P. G.
name: Oganov, A. R.
name: German, K. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we synthesize and investigate lower technetium hydrides at pressures up to 45 GPa using the synchrotron X-ray diffraction, reflectance spectroscopy, and ab initio calculations. In the Tc-H system, the hydrogen content in TcH$_x$ phases increases when the pressure rises, and at 27 GPa we found a new hexagonal (hcp) nonstoichiometric hydride TcH$_{1.3}$. The formation of technetium hydrides is also confirmed by the emergence of a new reflective band at 450-600 nm in the reflectance spectra of TcH$_x$ samples synthesized at 45 GPa. On the basis of the theoretical analysis, we proposed crystal structures for the TcH$_{0.45 \pm 0.05}$ (Tc$_{16}$H$_7$) and TcH$_{0.75 \pm 0.05}$ (Tc$_4$H$_3$) phases previously obtained at 1-2 GPa. The calculations of the electron-phonon interaction show that technetium hydrides TcH$_{1+x}$ do not possess superconducting properties due to the low electron-phonon interaction parameter ($λ\sim 0.23$).
Femtojoule, femtosecond all-optical switching in lithium niobate nanophotonics
Creators: name: Guo, Qiushi
name: Sekine, Ryoto
name: Ledezma, Luis
name: Nehra, Rajveer
name: Dean, Devin J.
name: Roy, Arkadev
name: Gray, Robert M.
name: Jahani, Saman
name: Marandi, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical nonlinear functions are crucial for various applications in integrated photonics, such as all-optical information processing, photonic neural networks and on-chip ultrafast light sources. Due to the weak nonlinearities in most integrated photonic platforms, realizing optical nonlinear functions typically requires large driving energies in the picojoules level or beyond, thus imposing a barrier for most applications. Here, we tackle this challenge and demonstrate an integrated nonlinear splitter device in lithium niobate nano-waveguides by simultaneous engineering of the dispersion and quasi-phase matching. We achieve non-resonant all-optical switching with ultra-low energies down to tens of femtojoules, a near instantaneous switching time of 18 fs, and a large extinction ratio of more than 5 dB. Our nonlinear splitter simultaneously realizes switch-on and -off operations and features a state-of-the-art switching energy-time product as low as $1.4 \times10^{-27}$ J$\cdot$s. We also show a path toward attojoule level all-optical switching by further optimizing the device geometry. Our results can enable on-chip ultrafast and energy-efficient all-optical information processing, computing systems, and light sources.
Resolving the Clumpy Structure of the Outflow Winds in the Gravitationally Lensed Quasar SDSS J1029+2623
Creators: name: Misawa, Toru
name: Inada, Naohisa
name: Oguri, Masamune
name: Gandhi, Poshak
name: Horiuchi, Takashi
name: Koyamada, Suzuka
name: Okamoto, Rina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the geometry and the internal structure of the outflowing wind from the accretion disk of a quasar by observing multiple sightlines with the aid of strong gravitational lensing. Using Subaru/HDS, we performed high-resolution ($R$ $\sim$ 36,000) spectroscopic observations of images A and B of the gravitationally lensed quasar SDSS J1029+2623 (at $z_{em}$ $\sim$ 2.197) whose image separation angle, $θ$ $\sim$ 22$^{\prime\prime}\!\!$.5, is the largest among those discovered so far. We confirm that the difference in absorption profiles in the images A and B discovered by Misawa et al. (2013) remains unchanged since 2010, implying the difference is not due to time variability of the absorption profiles over the delay between the images, $Δt$ $\sim$ 744 days, but rather due to differences along the sightlines. We also discovered time variation of C IV absorption strength in both images A and B, due to change of ionization condition. If a typical absorber's size is smaller than its distance from the flux source by more than five orders of magnitude, it should be possible to detect sightline variations among images of other smaller separation, galaxy-scale gravitationally lensed quasars.
description: 6 pages, including 6 figures; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters
Waveforms from Amplitudes
Creators: name: Cristofoli, Andrea
name: Gonzo, Riccardo
name: Kosower, David A.
name: O'Connell, Donal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to compute classical wave observables using quantum scattering amplitudes. We discuss observables both with incoming and with outgoing waves. The required classical limits are naturally described by coherent states of massless bosons. We recompute the classic gravitational deflection of light, and also show how to rederive Thomson scattering. We introduce a new class of local observables, which includes the asymptotic electromagnetic and gravitational Newman--Penrose scalars. As an example, we compute a simple radiated waveform: the expectation of the electromagnetic field in charged-particle scattering. At leading order, the waveform is trivially related to the five-point scattering amplitude.
description: 84 pages, 3 figures
KM3NeT/ORCA: status and perspectives for neutrino oscillation and mass hierarchy measurements
Creators: name: Kalaczyński, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A next-generation neutrino telescope infrastructure, the Kilometer Cube Neutrino Telescope KM3NeT, is currently under construction in the Mediterranean Sea. Its low energy configuration ORCA is optimised for the detection of atmospheric neutrinos with energies above ~1 GeV. The main goal of the ORCA detector is the precise measurement of atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters and the determination of the neutrino mass ordering. The detector is also sensitive to a variety of other physics topics, such as dark matter, non-standard interactions and sterile neutrinos. An overview is presented of the ORCA detector and its research programme, along with early analyses of the data collected with the array in 4-lines configuration.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, based on Proceedings of 40th International Conference on High Energy physics (ICHEP2020), 28 July - 6 August 2020, Prague, Czech Republic. PoS logo and copyright removed (as required by ICHEP organisers)
Tuning light emission crossovers in atomic-scale aluminum plasmonic tunnel junctions
Creators: name: Zhu, Yunxuan
name: Cui, Longji
name: Abbasi, Mahdiyeh
name: Natelson, Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomic sized plasmonic tunnel junctions are of fundamental interest, with great promise as the smallest on-chip light sources in various optoelectronic applications. Several mechanisms of light emission in electrically driven plasmonic tunnel junctions have been proposed, from single-electron or higher order multi-electron inelastic tunneling to recombination from a steady-state population of hot carriers. By progressively altering the tunneling conductance of an aluminum junction, we tune the dominant light emission mechanism through these possibilities for the first time, finding quantitative agreement with theory in each regime. Improved plasmonic resonances in the energy range of interest increase photon yields by two orders of magnitude. These results demonstrate that the dominant emission mechanism is set by a combination of tunneling rate, hot carrier relaxation timescales, and junction plasmonic properties.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures, plus 19 pages supporting information with 10 figures
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 6 (39)]
Creators: name: Johannes
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1415
Subjects: subject: Sonstige geistliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Johannes de Cigognariis, praepositus des Klosters St. Cataldi in Cremona, verpachtet dem Gerardus de Bondiebus de Albino, Sohn des verstorbenen Morandus, aus der Nachbarschaft St. Agathae in Cremona und dem Johannes de Bognonicho, Sohn des verstorbenen Perinus, aus der Nachbarschaft St. Lucae in Cremona, für sechs Jahre ein Stück bebautes Land, gelegen in Casanova del Morbasco im districtus von Cremona.
Probing flux and charge noise with macroscopic resonant tunneling
Creators: name: Whiticar, Alexander M.
name: Smirnov, Anatoly Y.
name: Lanting, Trevor
name: Whittaker, Jed
name: Altomare, Fabio
name: Medina, Teresa
name: Deshpande, Rahul
name: Ejtemaee, Sara
name: Hoskinson, Emile
name: Babcock, Michael
name: Amin, Mohammad H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on measurements of flux and charge noise in an rf-SQUID flux qubit using macroscopic resonant tunneling (MRT). We measure rates of incoherent tunneling from the lowest energy state in the initial well to the ground and first excited states in the target well. The result of the measurement consists of two peaks. The first peak corresponds to tunneling to the ground state of the target well, and is dominated by flux noise. The second peak is due to tunneling to the excited state and is wider due to an intrawell relaxation process dominated by charge noise. We develop a theoretical model that allows us to extract information about flux and charge noise within one experimental setup. The model agrees very well with experimental data over a wide dynamic range and provides parameters that characterize charge and flux noise.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Impactos étnico-raciais na mortalidade por doença de chagas: dados e implicações para a saúde pública
Creators: name: Souza Camilo, Juliana
name: Araújo Lima, Danielli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 320199
subject: Cardiovascular medicine and haematology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 320102
subject: Haematology

description: Este artigo examina as disparidades étnico-raciais na mortalidade por Doença de Chagas no Brasil entre 2000 e 2022, utilizando regressão linear simples para analisar a relação entre ano e mortalidade em diferentes grupos étnicos. Os resultados indicam que a mortalidade entre brancos não é significativa ao longo do tempo, enquanto a população parda apresenta um aumento notável, sugerindo a necessidade de políticas de saúde direcionadas. A população negra também mostra uma tendência crescente de mortalidade, exigindo atenção das políticas públicas. Grupos amarelos e indígenas não revelam relações significativas. Além disso, Minas Gerais, Goiás, São Paulo e Bahia se destacam na quantidade de óbitos para quase todas as raças. A análise dos dados ``ignorados'' (dados omissos) indica uma redução nas taxas de mortalidade, sugerindo melhorias na coleta de dados. Os mapas e gráficos demonstram desigualdades raciais persistentes, enfatizando a urgência de intervenções específicas e melhor categorização de informações sobre cor/raça para enfrentar essas disparidades.
On parity-odd sector in metric-affine theories
Creators: name: Jiménez, Jose Beltrán
name: Jiménez-Cano, Alejandro
name: Obukhov, Yuri N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We undertake the construction of quadratic parity-violating terms involving the curvature in the four-dimensional metric-affine gravity. We demonstrate that there are only 12 linearly independent scalars, plus an additional one that can be removed by using the Pontryagin invariant. Several convenient bases for this sector are provided in both components and differential form notation. We also particularize our general findings to some constrained geometries like Weyl-Cartan and metric-compatible connections.
description: 12 pages, no figures, no tables. Added: small changes and some references. Version to be published in EPJC
Inhibition of T lymphocyte activation in mice heterozygous for loss of the IMPDH II gene
Creators: name: Ayscue, Lanier
name: Gathy, Karen
name: Mitchell, Beverly S.
name: Gu, Jing Jin
name: Stegmann, Sander
name: Laliberte, Josee
name: Murray, Robert
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, which are also synthesized from guanine by a salvage reaction catalyzed by the X chromosome–linked enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT). Since inhibitors of IMPDH are in clinical use as immunosuppressive agents, we have examined the consequences of knocking out the IMPDH type II enzyme by gene targeting in a mouse model. Loss of both alleles of the gene encoding this enzyme results in very early embryonic lethality despite the presence of IMPDH type I and HPRT activities. Lymphocytes from IMPDH II+/– heterozygous mice are normal with respect to subpopulation distribution and respond normally to a variety of mitogenic stimuli. However, mice with an IMPDH II+/–, HPRT–/o genotype demonstrate significantly decreased lymphocyte responsiveness to stimulation with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies and show a 30% mean reduction in GTP levels in lymphocytes activated by these antibodies. Furthermore, the cytolytic activity of their T cells against allogeneic target cells is significantly impaired. These results demonstrate that a moderate decrease in the ability of murine lymphocytes to synthesize guanine nucleotides during stimulation results in significant impairment in T-cell activation and function.
Parametric longitudinal coupling between a high-impedance superconducting resonator and a semiconductor quantum dot singlet-triplet spin qubit
Creators: name: Bøttcher, C. G. L.
name: Harvey, S. P.
name: Fallahi, S.
name: Gardner, G. C.
name: Manfra, M. J.
name: Vool, U.
name: Bartlett, S. D.
name: Yacoby, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long-distance two-qubit coupling, mediated by a superconducting resonator, is a leading paradigm for performing entangling operations in a quantum computer based on spins in semiconducting materials. Here, we demonstrate a novel, controllable spin-photon coupling based on a longitudinal interaction between a spin qubit and a resonator. We show that coupling a singlet-triplet qubit to a high-impedance superconducting resonator can produce the desired longitudinal coupling when the qubit is driven near the resonator's frequency. We measure the energy splitting of the qubit as a function of the drive amplitude and frequency of a microwave signal applied near the resonator antinode, revealing pronounced effects close to the resonator frequency due to longitudinal coupling. By tuning the amplitude of the drive, we reach a regime with longitudinal coupling exceeding $1$ MHz. This demonstrates a new mechanism for qubit-resonator coupling, and represents a stepping stone towards producing high-fidelity two-qubit gates mediated by a superconducting resonator.
Reducing the Complexity of Quantified Formulas via Variable Elimination
Creators: name: Ghazi, Aboubakr Achraf El
name: Ulbrich, Mattias
name: Taghdiri, Mana
name: Herda, Mihai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a general simplification of quantified SMT formulas using variable elimination. The simplification is based on an analysis of the ground terms occurring as arguments in function applications. We use this information to generate a system of set constraints, which is then solved to compute a set of sufficient ground terms for each variable. Universally quantified variables with a finite set of sufficient ground terms can be eliminated by instantiating them with the computed ground terms. The resulting SMT formula contains potentially fewer quantifiers and thus is potentially easier to solve. We describe how a satisfying model of the resulting formula can be modified to satisfy the original formula. Our experiments show that in many cases, this simplification considerably improves the solving time, and our evaluations using Z3 and CVC4 indicate that the idea is not specific to a particular solver, but can be applied in general.
NADPH oxidase–derived free radicals are key oxidants in alcohol-induced liver disease
Creators: name: Thurman, Ronald G.
name: Segal, Brahm H.
name: Dikalova, Anna
name: Holland, Steven M.
name: Yin, Ming
name: Gäbele, Erwin
name: Connor, Henry D.
name: Bradford, Blair U.
name: Rusyn, Ivan
name: Kono, Hiroshi
name: Yamashina, Shunhei
name: Kadiiska, Maria B.
name: Mason, Ronald P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: In North America, liver disease due to alcohol consumption is an important cause of death in adults, although its pathogenesis remains obscure. Despite the fact that resident hepatic macrophages are known to contribute to early alcohol-induced liver injury via oxidative stress, the exact source of free radicals has remained a mystery. To test the hypothesis that NADPH oxidase is the major source of oxidants due to ethanol, we used p47phox knockout mice, which lack a critical subunit of this major source of reactive oxygen species in activated phagocytes. Mice were treated with ethanol chronically, using a Tsukamoto-French protocol, for 4 weeks. In wild-type mice, ethanol caused severe liver injury via a mechanism involving gut-derived endotoxin, CD14 receptor, production of electron spin resonance–detectable free radicals, activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, and release of cytotoxic TNF-α from activated Kupffer cells. In NADPH oxidase–deficient mice, neither an increase in free radical production, activation of NF-κB, an increase in TNF-α mRNA, nor liver pathology was observed. These data strongly support the hypothesis that free radicals from NADPH oxidase in hepatic Kupffer cells play a predominant role in the pathogenesis of early alcohol-induced hepatitis by activating NF-κB, which activates production of cytotoxic TNF-α.
Windowed Green Function MoM for Second-Kind Surface Integral Equation Formulations of Layered Media Electromagnetic Scattering Problems
Creators: name: Arrieta, Rodrigo
name: Pérez-Arancibia, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a second-kind surface integral equation method for the numerical solution of frequency-domain electromagnetic scattering problems by locally perturbed layered media in three spatial dimensions. Unlike standard approaches, the proposed methodology does not involve the use of layer Green functions. It instead leverages an indirect Müller formulation in terms of free-space Green functions that entails integration over the entire unbounded penetrable boundary. The integral equation domain is effectively reduced to a small-area surface by means of the windowed Green function method, which exhibits high-order convergence as the size of the truncated surface increases. The resulting (second-kind) windowed integral equation is then numerically solved by means of the standard Galerkin method of moments (MoM) using RWG basis functions. The methodology is validated by comparison with Mie-series and Sommerfeld-integral exact solutions as well as against a layer Green function-based MoM. Challenging examples including realistic structures relevant to the design of plasmonic solar cells and all-dielectric metasurfaces, demonstrate the applicability, efficiency, and accuracy of the proposed methodology.
Osmotic water permeabilities of cultured, well-differentiated normal and cystic fibrosis airway epithelia
Creators: name: Boucher, Richard C.
name: Tarran, Robert
name: Matsui, Hirotoshi
name: Davis, C. William
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Current hypotheses describing the function of normal airway surface liquid (ASL) in lung defense are divergent. One theory predicts that normal airways regulate ASL volume by modulating the flow of isosmotic fluid across the epithelium, whereas an alternative theory predicts that ASL is normally hyposmotic. These hypotheses predict different values for the osmotic water permeability (Pf) of airway epithelia. We measured Pf of cultures of normal and cystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelia that, like the native tissue, contain columnar cells facing the lumen and basal cells that face a basement membrane. Xz laser scanning confocal microscopy recorded changes in epithelial height and transepithelial volume flow in response to anisosmotic challenges. With luminal hyperosmotic challenges, transepithelial and apical membrane Pf are relatively high for both normal and CF airway epithelia, consistent with an isosmotic ASL. Simultaneous measurements of epithelial cell volume and transepithelial water flow revealed that airway columnar epithelial cells behave as osmometers whose volume is controlled by luminal osmolality. Basal cell volume did not change in these experiments. When the serosal side of the epithelium was challenged with hyperosmotic solutions, the basal cells shrank, whereas the lumen-facing columnar cells did not. We conclude that (a) normal and CF airway epithelia have relatively high water permeabilities, consistent with the isosmotic ASL theory, and the capacity to restore water on airway surfaces lost by evaporation, and (b) the columnar cell basolateral membrane and tight junctions limit transepithelial water flow in this tissue.
Болезни птиц, вызываемые условно-патогенной микрофлорой
Creators: name: Джавадов Э.Д.
name: Новикова О.Б.
name: Красков Д.А.
name: Берёзкин В.А.
Publisher: name: Эффективное животноводство
Year: 2023
Subjects: птицеводство
условно-патогенная микрофлора
Klebsiella
Proteus
энтерококки
контроль бактериальных болезней
poultry farming
opportunistic microflora
enterococci
control of bacterial diseases

description: В статье приведены материалы об условно-патогенных микроорганизмах, выделяемых от птиц, о контроле болезней птиц бактериальной этиологии с использованием препаратов специфической и неспецифической профилактики.
description: The article presents materials on conditionally pathogenic microorganisms isolated from birds, on the control of bird diseases of bacterial etiology using medication of specific and non-specific prevention.
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 6 (120)]
Creators: name: , Antonius
name: Francischus
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1448
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Die Brüder Antonius und Francischus de [...], Söhne des verstorbenen Petrus, aus Novara verpachten den Brüdern Marchus [...], Bertramus und Jacobus de Rognonibus, Söhne des verstorbenen Antonius, alle wohnhaft in San Pietro Mosezzo, ein Stück Land, gelegen ebendort.
AstroSat View of Blazar OJ 287: A complete evolutionary cycle of HBL Component from end-phase to disappearance and Re-emergence
Creators: name: Kushwaha, Pankaj
name: Singh, K. P.
name: Sinha, A.
name: Pal, Main
name: Dewangan, G.
name: Agarwal, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report three AstroSat observations of BL Lacertae object OJ 287. The three observations caught it in very different flux states that are connected to different broadband spectral states. These observations trace the source spectral evolution from the end-phase of activity driven by a new, additional HBL like emission component in 2017 to its complete disappearance in 2018 and re-emergence in 2020. The 2017 observation shows a comparatively flatter optical-UV and X-ray spectrum. Supplementing it with the simultaneous NuSTAR monitoring indicates a hardening at the high-energy-end. The 2018 observation shows a harder X-ray spectrum and a sharp decline or cutoff in the optical-UV spectrum, revealed thanks to the Far-UV data from AstroSat. The brightest of all, the 2020 observation shows a hardened optical-UV spectrum and an extremely soft X-ray spectrum, constraining the low-energy peak of spectral energy distribution at UV energies -- a characteristic of HBL blazars. The contemporaneous MeV-GeV spectra from LAT show the well-known OJ 287 spectrum during 2018 but a flatter spectrum during 2017 and a hardening above ~1 GeV during 2020. Modeling broadband SEDs show that 2018 emission can be reproduced with a one-zone leptonic model while 2017 and 2020 observations need a two-zone model, with the additional zone emitting an HBL radiation.
description: 2 figures, 7 pages
7-Dehydrocholesterol–dependent proteolysis of HMG-CoA reductase suppresses sterol biosynthesis in a mouse model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz/RSH syndrome
Creators: name: Sulik, Kathleen
name: Xu, Liwen
name: Hiller, Sylvia
name: Ness, Gene C.
name: Fitzky, Barbara U.
name: Xu, Guorong
name: Salen, Gerald
name: Shefer, Sarah
name: Glossmann, Hartmut
name: Maeda, Nobuyo
name: Moebius, Fabian F.
name: Patel, Shailendra B.
name: Kluckman, Kimberly
name: Simoni, Robert D.
name: Yu, Hongwei
name: Batta, Ashok K.
name: Tint, G.S.
name: Waage-Baudet, Heather
name: Chen, Thomas
name: Asaoka, Hitoshi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Smith-Lemli-Opitz/RSH syndrome (SLOS), a relatively common birth-defect mental-retardation syndrome, is caused by mutations in DHCR7, whose product catalyzes an obligate step in cholesterol biosynthesis, the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol. A null mutation in the murine Dhcr7 causes an identical biochemical defect to that seen in SLOS, including markedly reduced tissue cholesterol and total sterol levels, and 30- to 40-fold elevated concentrations of 7-dehydrocholesterol. Prenatal lethality was not noted, but newborn homozygotes breathed with difficulty, did not suckle, and died soon after birth with immature lungs, enlarged bladders, and, frequently, cleft palates. Despite reduced sterol concentrations in Dhcr7–/– mice, mRNA levels for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the rate-controlling enzyme for sterol biosynthesis, the LDL receptor, and SREBP-2 appeared neither elevated nor repressed. In contrast to mRNA, protein levels and activities of HMG-CoA reductase were markedly reduced. Consistent with this finding, 7-dehydrocholesterol accelerates proteolysis of HMG-CoA reductase while sparing other key proteins. These results demonstrate that in mice without Dhcr7 activity, accumulated 7-dehydrocholesterol suppresses sterol biosynthesis posttranslationally. This effect might exacerbate abnormal development in SLOS by increasing the fetal cholesterol deficiency.
Dust Echoes from Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transients
Creators: name: Metzger, Brian D.
name: Perley, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Luminous fast blue optical transients (LFBOTs) such as AT2018cow form a rare class of engine-powered explosions of uncertain origin. A hallmark feature of these events is radio/millimeter synchrotron emission powered by the interaction of fast (v > 0.1 c) ejecta and dense circumstellar material (CSM) extending to large radii > 1e16 cm surrounding the progenitor. Assuming this CSM to be an outflow from the progenitor, we show that dust grains up to ~1 micron in size can form in the outflow in the years before the explosion. This dusty CSM would attenuate the transient's ultraviolet (UV) emission prior to peak light, before being destroyed by the rising luminosity, reddening the pre-maximum colors (consistent with the pre-maximum red-to-blue color evolution of the LFBOT candidate MUSSES2020J). Re-radiation by the dust before being destroyed generates an near-infrared (NIR) "echo" of luminosity ~1e41-1e42 erg/s lasting weeks, which is detectable over the transient's rapidly fading blue continuum. We show that this dust echo is compatible with the previously unexplained NIR excess observed in AT2018cow. The gradual decay of the early NIR light curve can result from CSM which is concentrated in wide-angle outflow or torus, consistent with the highly aspherical geometry of AT2018cow's ejecta. Pre-maximum optical/UV and NIR follow-up of LFBOTs provide an new probe of their CSM environments and place additional constraints on their progenitors.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Simulating reflected light coronagraphy of Earth-like exoplanets with a large IR/O/UV space telescope: impact and calibration of smooth exozodiacal dust
Creators: name: Kammerer, Jens
name: Stark, Christopher C.
name: Ludwick, Kevin J.
name: Juanola-Parramon, Roser
name: Nemati, Bijan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observing Earth-like exoplanets orbiting within the habitable zone of Sun-like stars and studying their atmospheres in reflected starlight requires contrasts of $\sim1\mathrm{e}{-10}$ in the visible. At such high contrast, starlight reflected by exozodiacal dust is expected to be a significant source of contamination. Here, we present high-fidelity simulations of coronagraphic observations of a synthetic Solar System located at a distance of 10 pc and observed with a 12 m and an 8 m circumscribed aperture diameter space telescope operating at 500 nm wavelength. We explore different techniques to subtract the exozodi and stellar speckles from the simulated images in the face-on, the 30 deg inclined, and the 60 deg inclined case and quantify the remaining systematic noise as a function of the exozodiacal dust level of the system. We find that in the face-on case, the exozodi can be subtracted down to the photon noise limit for exozodi levels up to $\sim1000$ zodi using a simple toy model for the exozodiacal disk, whereas in the 60 deg inclined case this only works up to $\sim50$ zodi. We also investigate the impact of larger wavefront errors and larger system distance, finding that while the former have no significant impact, the latter has a strong (negative) impact. Ultimately, we derive a penalty factor as a function of the exozodi level and system inclination that should be considered in exoplanet yield studies as a realistic estimate for the excess systematic noise from the exozodi.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in AJ
Activation of sickle red blood cell adhesion via integrin-associated protein/CD47–induced signal transduction
Creators: name: Anderson, Christopher S.
name: Parise, Leslie V.
name: Orringer, Eugene P.
name: Brittain, Julia E.
name: Mlinar, Kathryn J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Peripheral human red blood cells (RBCs) are not generally known to become activated and adhesive in response to cell signaling. We show, however, that soluble thrombospondin via integrin-associated protein (IAP; CD47) increases the adhesiveness of sickle RBCs (SS RBCs) by activating signal transduction in the SS RBC. This stimulated adhesion requires occupancy of IAP and shear stress and is mediated by the activation of large G proteins and tyrosine kinases. Reticulocyte-enriched RBCs derived from sickle-cell disease (SCD) patients are most responsive to IAP-induced activation. These studies therefore establish peripheral SS RBCs as signaling cells that respond to a novel synergy between IAP-induced signal transduction and shear stress, suggesting new therapeutic targets in SCD.
Inferring Line-of-Sight Velocities and Doppler Widths from Stokes Profiles of GST/NIRIS Using Stacked Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Jiang, Haodi
name: Li, Qin
name: Xu, Yan
name: Hsu, Wynne
name: Ahn, Kwangsu
name: Cao, Wenda
name: Wang, Jason T. L.
name: Wang, Haimin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Obtaining high-quality magnetic and velocity fields through Stokes inversion is crucial in solar physics. In this paper, we present a new deep learning method, named Stacked Deep Neural Networks (SDNN), for inferring line-of-sight (LOS) velocities and Doppler widths from Stokes profiles collected by the Near InfraRed Imaging Spectropolarimeter (NIRIS) on the 1.6 m Goode Solar Telescope (GST) at the Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO). The training data of SDNN is prepared by a Milne-Eddington (ME) inversion code used by BBSO. We quantitatively assess SDNN, comparing its inversion results with those obtained by the ME inversion code and related machine learning (ML) algorithms such as multiple support vector regression, multilayer perceptrons and a pixel-level convolutional neural network. Major findings from our experimental study are summarized as follows. First, the SDNN-inferred LOS velocities are highly correlated to the ME-calculated ones with the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient being close to 0.9 on average. Second, SDNN is faster, while producing smoother and cleaner LOS velocity and Doppler width maps, than the ME inversion code. Third, the maps produced by SDNN are closer to ME's maps than those from the related ML algorithms, demonstrating the better learning capability of SDNN than the ML algorithms. Finally, comparison between the inversion results of ME and SDNN based on GST/NIRIS and those from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory in flare-prolific active region NOAA 12673 is presented. We also discuss extensions of SDNN for inferring vector magnetic fields with empirical evaluation.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 6 (42)]
Creators: name: Lanzarotus De Blanchis
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1418
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Lanzarotus de Blanchis aus Velate, Sohn des verstorbenen Jacobus, seinerseits genannt Borinus, wohnhaft im burgus von Varese im ducatus Mailand, verpflichtet sich unter Einsatz seiner gesamten Habe gegenüber dem Arzt Christoforus de Cremolino de Cliuate, Sohn des verstorbenen Magisters Teoldus, wohnhaft an der Porta Ticinese in der Gemeinde St. Victoris ad Puteum in Mailand, die geschuldeten Pachtrückstände zu bezahlen.
Maximization of surface-enhanced transversal magneto-optic Kerr effect in Au/Co/Au thin films
Creators: name: Herreño-Fierro, César Aurelio
name: Patiño, Edgar J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to maximize the transversal magneto-optic Kerr effect (T-MOKE) of a Au/Co/Au structure, we propose a method to obtain the optimum thickness values. A criteria based on preserving good plasmonic properties has been included as part of this method. Using the theoretical prediction, we grew Au/Co/Au trilayers and perform optical andMO characterization using the Kretschmann configuration. The results admit very easy interpretation in terms of the interaction between the magneto-optical and plasmonic properties dictating the optimal thicknesses of the structure. Moreover, we have grown and characterized the optimized structure finding good agreement with theory reaching, for a 532nm green laser, amaximal surface magneto-optic (MO) signal enhancement of close to nine folds with respect to the signal without plasmonic excitation.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Untangling the Sources of Abundance Dispersion in Low-Metallicity Stars
Creators: name: Griffith, Emily J.
name: Johnson, Jennifer A.
name: Weinberg, David H.
name: Ilyin, Ilya
name: Johnson, James W.
name: Rodriguez-Martinez, Romy
name: Strassmeier, Klaus G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure abundances of 12 elements (Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) in a sample of 86 metal-poor ($-2 \lesssim \text{[Fe/H]} \lesssim -1$) subgiant stars in the solar neighborhood. Abundances are derived from high-resolution spectra taken with the Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric and Spectroscopic Instrument on the Large Binocular Telescope, modeled using iSpec and MOOG. By carefully quantifying the impact of photon-noise ($< 0.05$ dex for all elements) we robustly measure the intrinsic scatter of abundance ratios. At fixed [Fe/H] the RMS intrinsic scatter in [X/Fe] ranges from 0.04 dex (Cr) to 0.16 dex (Na), with a median of 0.08 dex. Scatter in [X/Mg] is similar, and accounting for [$α$/Fe] only reduces the overall scatter moderately. We consider several possible origins of the intrinsic scatter with particular attention to fluctuations in the relative enrichment by core-collapse supernovae (CCSN) and Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) and stochastic sampling of the CCSN progenitor mass distribution. The stochastic sampling scenario provides a good quantitative explanation of our data if the effective number of CCSN contributing to the enrichment of a typical sample star is $N \sim 50$. At the median metallicity of our sample, this interpretation implies that the CCSN ejecta are mixed over a gas mass $\sim 10^5 M_{\odot}$ before forming stars. The scatter of elemental abundance ratios is a powerful diagnostic test for simulations of star formation, feedback, and gas mixing in the early phases of the Galaxy.
description: 28 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables
Mast cells play a key role in neutrophil recruitment in experimental bullous pemphigoid
Creators: name: Werb, Zena
name: Diaz, Luis A.
name: Fleming, Matthew G.
name: Chen, Ruoyan
name: Zhao, Ming-Lang
name: Ning, Gang
name: Liu, Zhi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an inflammatory subepidermal blistering disease associated with an IgG autoimmune response to the hemidesmosomal protein BP180. Passive transfer of antibodies to the murine BP180 (mBP180) ectodomain triggers a blistering skin disease in mice that depends on complement activation and neutrophil infiltration and closely mimics human BP. In the present study, we show that mast cells (MCs) play a crucial role in experimental BP. Wild-type mice injected intradermally with pathogenic anti-mBP180 IgG exhibited extensive MC degranulation in skin, which preceded neutrophil infiltration and subsequent subepidermal blistering. In contrast, mice genetically deficient in MCs or MC-sufficient mice pretreated with an inhibitor of MC degranulation failed to develop BP. Further, MC-deficient mice reconstituted in skin with MCs became susceptible to experimental BP. Despite the activation of complement to yield C3a and C5a, in the absence of MCs, accumulation of neutrophils at the injection site was blunted. The lack of response due to MC deficiency was overcome by intradermal administration of a neutrophil chemoattractant, IL-8, or by reconstitution of the injection sites with neutrophils. These findings provide the first direct evidence to our knowledge that MCs play an essential role in neutrophil recruitment during subepidermal blister formation in experimental BP.
Exact solutions of temperature-dependent Smoluchowski equations
Creators: name: Osinsky, Alexander
name: Brilliantov, Nikolay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a number of exact solutions for temperature-dependent Smoluchowski equations. These equations quantify the ballistic agglomeration, where the evolution of densities of agglomerates of different size is entangled with the evolution of the mean kinetic energy (partial temperatures) of such clusters. The obtained exact solutions may be used as a benchmark to assess the accuracy and computational efficiency of the numerical approaches, developed to solve the temperature-dependent Smoluchowski equations. Moreover, they may also illustrate the possible evolution regimes in these systems. The exact solutions have been obtained for a series of model rate coefficients, and we demonstrate that there may be an infinite number of such model coefficient which allow exact analysis. We compare our exact solutions with the numerical solutions for various evolution regimes; an excellent agreement between numerical and exact results proves the accuracy of the exploited numerical method.
Dosimetric Comparison of Passive Scattering and Active Scanning Proton Therapy Techniques Using GATE Simulation
Creators: name: Asadi, A.
name: Akhavanallaf, A.
name: Hosseini, S. A.
name: Zaidi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, two proton beam delivery designs, passive scattering proton therapy (PSPT) and pencil beam scanning (PBS), were quantitatively compared in terms of dosimetric indices. The GATE Monte Carlo code was used to simulate the proton beam system; and the developed simulation engines were benchmarked with respect to the experimental measurements. A water phantom was used to simulate system energy parameters using a set of depth-dose data in the energy range of 120-235 MeV. To compare the performance of PSPT against PBS, multiple dosimetric parameters including FWHM, peak position, range, peak-to-entrance dose ratio, and dose volume histogram have been analyzed under the same conditions. Furthermore, the clinical test cases introduced by AAPM TG-119 were simulated in both beam delivery modes to compare the relevant clinical values obtained from DVH analysis. The parametric comparison in the water phantom between the two techniques revealed that the value of peak-to-entrance dose ratio in PSPT is considerably higher than that from PBS by a factor of 8%. In addition, the FWHM of the lateral beam profile in PSPT was increased by a factor of 7% compared to the corresponding value obtained from PBS model. TG-119 phantom simulations showed that the difference of PTV mean dose between PBS and PSPT techniques are up to 2.9% while the difference of max dose to organ at risks (OARs) exceeds 33%. The results demonstrated that the PBS proton therapy systems was superior in adapting to the target volume, better dose painting, and lower out-of-field dose compared to PSPT design.