cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Ratio Analysis: A comparison of the financial effects of the Covid-19 crisis on Airbus and Boeing
Creators: name: Neuböck, Christoph
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: RatioAnalysis
subject: Finance
subject: Aviation
subject: Covid19
subject: FinancialStatements

description: Abstract This thesis's objective is to conduct a ratio analysis of Airbus’ and Boeing’s financial results over three years, from 2019 to 2021. During this time, COVID-19 had a significant impact on the sector. The two companies' financial reports are compared and contrasted, so that trends and patterns in terms of financial performance can be identified and the financial position of both companies after 2021 can be determined. The research is conducted using a ratio analysis of the financial statements of Airbus and Boeing over three years, including a quantitative and qualitative analysis of their performances and corresponding notes. The significance of this thesis is that it provides a comprehensive analysis of the financial performance of two major players in the aerospace industry, Airbus and Boeing, which can be helpful for investors, industry analysts, and other stakeholders. The ratio analysis demonstrates that both businesses were having trouble during the crisis. Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, both companies encountered significant difficulties in 2020 as demand for air travel and, by extension, airplanes, in general, was drastically declining. Both were aiming for high liquidity and short-term solvency to settle their short-term liabilities. Due to rising revenues and cost-cutting measures in 2021, both businesses were able to stabilize their financial results more or less once more. However, both firms had to incur more outstanding long-term debts to repay the funds, which were needed for short-term solvency in 2020.
RITA: Boost Driving Simulators with Realistic Interactive Traffic Flow
Creators: name: Zhu, Zhengbang
name: Zhang, Shenyu
name: Zhuang, Yuzheng
name: Liu, Yuecheng
name: Liu, Minghuan
name: Mao, Liyuan
name: Gong, Ziqin
name: Kai, Shixiong
name: Gu, Qiang
name: Wang, Bin
name: Cheng, Siyuan
name: Wang, Xinyu
name: Hao, Jianye
name: Yu, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: High-quality traffic flow generation is the core module in building simulators for autonomous driving. However, the majority of available simulators are incapable of replicating traffic patterns that accurately reflect the various features of real-world data while also simulating human-like reactive responses to the tested autopilot driving strategies. Taking one step forward to addressing such a problem, we propose Realistic Interactive TrAffic flow (RITA) as an integrated component of existing driving simulators to provide high-quality traffic flow for the evaluation and optimization of the tested driving strategies. RITA is developed with consideration of three key features, i.e., fidelity, diversity, and controllability, and consists of two core modules called RITABackend and RITAKit. RITABackend is built to support vehicle-wise control and provide traffic generation models from real-world datasets, while RITAKit is developed with easy-to-use interfaces for controllable traffic generation via RITABackend. We demonstrate RITA's capacity to create diversified and high-fidelity traffic simulations in several highly interactive highway scenarios. The experimental findings demonstrate that our produced RITA traffic flows exhibit all three key features, hence enhancing the completeness of driving strategy evaluation. Moreover, we showcase the possibility for further improvement of baseline strategies through online fine-tuning with RITA traffic flows.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables, DAI 2023 (Best Student Paper Award)
Warped Penguins
Creators: name: Csáki, Csaba
name: Grossman, Yuval
name: Tanedo, Philip
name: Tsai, Yuhsin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the loop-induced magnetic dipole operator in the Randall-Sundrum model of a warped extra dimension with anarchic bulk fermions and an IR brane localized Higgs. These operators are finite at one-loop order and we explicitly calculate the branching ratio for mu to e gamma using the mixed position/momentum space formalism. The particular bound on the anarchic Yukawa and KK scales can depend on the flavor structure of the anarchic matrices. It is possible for a generic model to either be ruled out or unaffected by these bounds without any fine tuning. We quantify how these models realize this surprising behavior. We also review tree-level lepton flavor bounds in these models and show that these are are in mild tension with the penguin bounds from typical models with a 3 TeV Kaluza-Klein scale. Further, we illuminate the nature of the one-loop finiteness of these diagrams and show how to accurately determine the degree of divergence of a 5D loop diagram using both the 5D and KK formalism. This power counting can be obfuscated in the 4D Kaluza-Klein formalism and we explicitly point out subtleties that ensure that the two formalisms agree. Finally, we remark on the existence of a perturbative regime in which these one-loop results give the dominant contribution.
description: 29 pages + appendices (55 pages total). 11 figures. Corrected typos, updated references. Corrected diagrams, main conclusions unchanged
Modelling of the Complex CASSOWARY/SLUGS Gravitational Lenses
Creators: name: Brewer, Brendon J.
name: Lewis, Geraint F.
name: Belokurov, Vasily
name: Irwin, Michael J.
name: Bridges, Terry J.
name: Evans, N. Wyn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first high-resolution images of CSWA 31, a gravitational lens system observed as part of the SLUGS (Sloan Lenses Unravelled by Gemini Studies) program. These systems exhibit complex image structure with the potential to strongly constrain the mass distribution of the massive lens galaxies, as well as the complex morphology of the sources. In this paper, we describe the strategy used to reconstruct the unlensed source profile and the lens galaxy mass profiles. We introduce a prior distribution over multi-wavelength sources that is realistic as a representation of our knowledge about the surface brightness profiles of galaxies and groups of galaxies. To carry out the inference computationally, we use Diffusive Nested Sampling, an efficient variant of Nested Sampling that uses Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) to sample the complex posterior distributions and compute the normalising constant. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach with the reconstruction of the group-group gravitational lens system CSWA 31, finding the source to be composed of five merging spiral galaxies magnified by a factor of 13.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
EEG-based performance-driven adaptive automated hazard alerting system in security surveillance support
Creators: name: Zhou, Xiaoshan
name: Liao, Pin-Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Computer-vision technologies have emerged to assist security surveillance. However, automation alert/alarm systems often apply a low-beta threshold to avoid misses and generates excessive false alarms. This study proposed an adaptive hazard diagnosis and alarm system with adjustable alert threshold levels based on environmental scenarios and operator's hazard recognition performance. We recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) data during hazard recognition tasks. The linear ballistic accumulator model was used to decompose the response time into several psychological subcomponents, which were further estimated by a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm and compared among different types of hazardous scenarios. Participants were most cautious about falling hazards, followed by electricity hazards, and had the least conservative attitude toward structural hazards. Participants were classified into three performance-level subgroups using a latent profile analysis based on task accuracy. We applied the transfer learning paradigm to classify subgroups based on their time-frequency representations of EEG data. Additionally, two continual learning strategies were investigated to ensure a robust adaptation of the model to predict participants' performance levels in different hazardous scenarios. These findings can be leveraged in real-world brain-computer interface applications, which will provide human trust in automation and promote the successful implementation of alarm technologies.
The Picard group of the compactified universal Jacobian
Creators: name: Melo, Margarida
name: Viviani, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H10, 14H40, 14C22, 14A20, 14L24

description: We determine explicitly the Picard groups of the universal Jacobian stack and of its compactification over the stack of stable curves. Along the way, we prove some results concerning the gerbe structure of the universal Jacobian stack over its rigidification by the natural action of the multiplicative group and relate this with the existence of generalized Poincaré line bundles. We also compare our results with Kouvidakis-Fontanari computations of the divisor class group of the universal (compactified) Jacobian scheme.
description: 33 pages, final version
Weighing votes in human-machine collaboration for hazard recognition: Inferring hazard perceptual threshold and decision confidence from electroencephalogram wavelets
Creators: name: Zhou, Xiaoshan
name: Liao, Pin-Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Purpose: Human-machine collaboration is a promising strategy to improve hazard inspection. However, research on the effective integration of opinions from humans with machines for optimal group decision making is lacking. Hence, considering the benefits of a brain-computer interface (BCI) to enable intuitive commutation, this study proposes a novel method to predict human hazard response choices and decision confidence from brain activities for a superior confidence-weighted voting strategy. Methodology: First, we developed a Bayesian inference-based algorithm to ascertain the decision threshold above which a hazard is reported from human brain signals. This method was tested empirically with electroencephalogram (EEG) data collected in a laboratory setting and cross-validated using behavioral indices of the signal detection theory. Subsequently, based on numerical simulations, the decision criteria for low-, medium-, and high-confidence level differentiations characterized by parietal alpha-band EEG power were determined. Findings : The investigated hazard recognition task was described as a process of probabilistic inference involving a decision uncertainty evaluation. The results demonstrated the feasibility of EEG measurements in observing human internal representations of hazard discrimination. Moreover, the optimal criteria to differentiate between low-, medium-, and high-confidence levels were obtained by benchmarking against an optimal Bayesian observer. Originality: This research demonstrates the potential of a BCI as an effective channel for telecommunication, laying the foundation for the design of future hazard detection techniques in the collaborative human-machine systems research field.
The Burbea-Rao and Bhattacharyya centroids
Creators: name: Nielsen, Frank
name: Boltz, Sylvain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the centroid with respect to the class of information-theoretic Burbea-Rao divergences that generalize the celebrated Jensen-Shannon divergence by measuring the non-negative Jensen difference induced by a strictly convex and differentiable function. Although those Burbea-Rao divergences are symmetric by construction, they are not metric since they fail to satisfy the triangle inequality. We first explain how a particular symmetrization of Bregman divergences called Jensen-Bregman distances yields exactly those Burbea-Rao divergences. We then proceed by defining skew Burbea-Rao divergences, and show that skew Burbea-Rao divergences amount in limit cases to compute Bregman divergences. We then prove that Burbea-Rao centroids are unique, and can be arbitrarily finely approximated by a generic iterative concave-convex optimization algorithm with guaranteed convergence property. In the second part of the paper, we consider the Bhattacharyya distance that is commonly used to measure overlapping degree of probability distributions. We show that Bhattacharyya distances on members of the same statistical exponential family amount to calculate a Burbea-Rao divergence in disguise. Thus we get an efficient algorithm for computing the Bhattacharyya centroid of a set of parametric distributions belonging to the same exponential families, improving over former specialized methods found in the literature that were limited to univariate or "diagonal" multivariate Gaussians. To illustrate the performance of our Bhattacharyya/Burbea-Rao centroid algorithm, we present experimental performance results for $k$-means and hierarchical clustering methods of Gaussian mixture models.
description: 13 pages
B to Light Tensor Meson Form Factors Derived from Light-Cone Sum Rules
Creators: name: Yang, Kwei-Chou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the recent results for the two-parton light-cone distribution amplitudes of the tensor meson, we calculate the form factors for the decays of $B_{u,d,s}$ into the light $J^{PC}=2^{++}$ tensor mesons via the vector/axial-vector/tensor current with the light-cone sum rules. We also obtain the $q^2$-dependence of the form factors.
description: 10 pages, version to appear in PLB
The Economic Impact of the Port of Baltimore on Maryland's Economy
Creators: name: Hille, Stanley J.
name: Suelflow, James E.
name: Hille, Stanley J.
name: Suelflow, James E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 11th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 22-24, 1970, New Orleans, LA
Relativistic viscoelastic fluid mechanics
Creators: name: Fukuma, Masafumi
name: Sakatani, Yuho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A detailed study is carried out for the relativistic theory of viscoelasticity which was recently constructed on the basis of Onsager's linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics. After rederiving the theory using a local argument with the entropy current, we show that this theory universally reduces to the standard relativistic Navier-Stokes fluid mechanics in the long time limit. Since effects of elasticity are taken into account, the dynamics at short time scales is modified from that given by the Navier-Stokes equations, so that acausal problems intrinsic to relativistic Navier-Stokes fluids are significantly remedied. We in particular show that the wave equations for the propagation of disturbance around a hydrostatic equilibrium in Minkowski spacetime become symmetric hyperbolic for some range of parameters, so that the model is free of acausality problems. This observation suggests that the relativistic viscoelastic model with such parameters can be regarded as a causal completion of relativistic Navier-Stokes fluid mechanics. By adjusting parameters to various values, this theory can treat a wide variety of materials including elastic materials, Maxwell materials, Kelvin-Voigt materials, and (a nonlinearly generalized version of) simplified Israel-Stewart fluids, and thus we expect the theory to be the most universal description of single-component relativistic continuum materials. We also show that the presence of strains and the corresponding change in temperature are naturally unified through the Tolman law in a generally covariant description of continuum mechanics.
description: 52pages, 11figures; v2: minor corrections; v3: minor corrections, to appear in Physical Review E; v4: minor changes
Thurston norm and Euler classes of tight contact structures
Creators: name: Sivek, Steven
name: Yazdi, Mehdi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57K31, 57K33, 57K32

description: Bill Thurston proved that taut foliations of hyperbolic 3-manifolds have Euler classes of norm at most one, and conjectured that any integral second cohomology class of norm equal to one is realised as the Euler class of some taut foliation. Recent work of the second author, joint with David Gabai, has produced counterexamples to this conjecture. Since tight contact structures exist whenever taut foliations do and their Euler classes also have norm at most one, it is natural to ask whether the Euler class one conjecture might still be true for tight contact structures. In this short note, we show that the previously constructed counterexamples for Euler classes of taut foliations in [Yaz20] are in fact realised as Euler classes of tight contact structures. This provides some evidence for the Euler class one conjecture for tight contact structures.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures; v2: accepted version
Properties of biofuel fly ash and capabilities of its use for agricultural needs
Creators: name: Kulokas, M.
name: Zaleskas, V.
name: Pedišius, N.
name: Praspaliauskas, M.
name: Buinevičius, K.
Publisher: name: Agronomy Research
Year: 2019
Subjects: agromass
biofuel
fly ash
chemical and physical properties
article

description: The use of various types of biomass for energy production provides great prospects for reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and the negative impact on the environment. However, the use of biomass, in particular agromass for this purpose, results in relatively large amounts of bottom ashes and fly ashes, the composition and properties of which also raise a number of additional environmental problems. The composition and properties of fly ash are investigated in the paper, taking into account the possibilities of utilizing them for soil fertilization and other applications. Fly ash samples were collected from bunkers of flue gas cleaning equipment (electrostatic precipitator and cyclones) installed after water heating boilers, which are firing wood chips and chuffed straw. The composition of fly ash was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) while particle size distribution was obtained using scattered-light aerosol spectrometer. Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) was used to separate fly ash into 14 groups by particle diameter, and the analysis of their composition showed differences in the composition of the fly ash collected in cyclones and Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP). An analysis of the composition of samples in regard to the existing heavy metals norms and considering concentrations of elements beneficial to the growth of plants, enables to prepare recommendations for fertilization. The determined alkalinity of fly ash pH 13 confirms the possibility of their use for reducing soil acidity. The analysis of fly ash composition has shown that they contain elements, important for plant growth (Ca, Mg, K, P, N, S), and their concentrations determine the further use for soil quality improvement because the amount of these elements in the acid soils is reduced.
Transmission Spectra of Transiting Planet Atmospheres: Model Validation and Simulations of the Hot Neptune GJ 436b for JWST
Creators: name: Shabram, Megan
name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
name: Greene, Thomas P.
name: Freedman, Richard S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the transmission spectrum of the Neptune-class exoplanet GJ 436b, including the possibility that its atmospheric opacity is dominated by a variety of non- equilibrium chemical products. We also validate our transmission code by demonstrating close agreement with analytic models that use only Rayleigh scattering or water vapor opacity. We find broad disagreement with radius variations predicted by another published model. For GJ 436b, the relative coolness of the planet's atmosphere, along with its implied high metallicity, may make it dissimilar in character compared to "hot Jupiters." Some recent observational and modeling efforts suggest low relative abundances of H2O and CH4 present in GJ 436b's atmosphere, compared to calculations from equilibrium chemistry. We include these characteristics in our models and examine the effects of absorption from methane-derived higher order hydrocarbons. Significant absorption from HCN and C2H2 are found throughout the infrared, while C2H4 and C2H6 are less easily seen. We perform detailed simulations of JWST observations, including all likely noise sources, and find that we will be able to constrain chemical abundance regimes from this planet's transmission spectrum. For instance, the width of the features at 1.5, 3.3, and 7 microns indicates the amount of HCN versus C2H2 present. The NIRSpec prism mode will be useful due to its large spectral range and the relatively large number of photo-electrons recorded per spectral resolution element. However, extremely bright host stars like GJ 436 may be better observed with a higher spectroscopic resolution mode in order to avoid detector saturation. We find that observations with the MIRI low resolution spectrograph should also have high signal-to-noise in the 5 - 10 micron range due to the brightness of the star and the relatively low spectral resolution (R ~ 100) of this mode.
description: 33 pages, 12 figures, Accepted to ApJ
The effect of deconfinement phase transition on rotochemical deviations in stars containing mixed phase matter
Creators: name: Wei, Wei
name: Zheng, Xiao-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a neutron star spins down, its core density increase, changing the relative equilibrium concentration, and causing deconfinement phase transition as well. hadron matter are converted into quark matter in the interior, which enhances the deviation of chemical equilibrium state. We study such deviations and its chemical energy release.Applying to the simulation of cooling neutron stars, we find the surface effective temperature of neutron stars is promoted obviously. This implies that the deconfinement phase transition is able to raise the chemical heating efficiency.
The effect of cadmium and lead pollution on growth and physiological parameters of field beans (Vicia faba)
Creators: name: Alle, V.
name: Osvalde, A.
name: Vikmane, M.
name: Kondratovics, U.
Publisher: name: Agronomy Research
Year: 2019
Subjects: heavy metals
Vicia faba
photosynthesis parameters
proline
article

description: Research on the impact of soil contamination on crops is important as plants directly take up heavy metals from the soil through the roots, so heavy metals can enter the food chain. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) pollution on growth and physiological parameters of field beans. Plants in the vegetation experiment were grown under controlled conditions. Changes in growth and physiological parameters were studied at five levels of Cd (0–25 mg L -1 ) and at 6 levels of Pb in substrate: from (0–1,000 mg L -1 ) at the first day of the experiment, to (0–2,000 mg L -1 ) at the end of the experiment after gradual Pb additions after every sample collecting day. Methods used for analysing the plant material: the content of amino acid proline and photosynthetic pigments were determined by spectrophotometry; chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters – using continuous excitation chlorophyll fluorimeter. The fresh weight of plant above-ground parts and roots was detected. The growth and development of field beans was slightly influenced by increasing amount of Cd and Pb in substrate only at the end of the experiment. The highest Cd treatments (Cd20 and Cd25) caused 2.5 and 1.3 times increased proline concentration in bean leaves. The chlorophyll a + b content and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm changed differently throughout the experiment. In general, during the experiment, there was a tendency for the content of proline in leaves for Pb treatments to be increased compared to control. At the end of the experiment the content of proline in field bean leaves of the highest Pb treatments (Pb600 + 100 + 400 + 500, Pb800 + 100 + 400 + 500 and Pb 1,000 + 100 + 400 + 500) was 1.66, 1.44 and 1.55 times higher, respectively, than that of the control plant leaves. The negative impact of exposure to Pb on chlorophyll a + b, chlorophyll a fluorescence parameter PIndex and Fv/Fm in bean leaves was less pronounced compared to Cd. The obtained results confirm that field beans until their flowering stage can grow and develop in the presence of a large amount of Cd and Pb in substrate without significant growth inhibition and detrimental impact on physiological parameters, if optimal cultivation conditions are provided.
Non-local spin correlation as a signature of Ising anyons trapped in vacancies of the Kitaev spin liquid
Creators: name: Takahashi, Masahiro O.
name: Yamada, Masahiko G.
name: Udagawa, Masafumi
name: Mizushima, Takeshi
name: Fujimoto, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the Kitaev chiral spin liquid, Ising anyons are realized as $Z_2$ fluxes binding Majorana zero modes, which, however, are thermal excitations with finite decay rates. On the other hand, a lattice vacancy traps a $Z_2$ flux even in the ground state, resulting in the stable realization of a Majorana zero mode in a vacancy. We demonstrate that spin-spin correlation functions between two vacancy sites exhibit long-range correlation arising from the fractionalized character of Majorana zero modes, in spite of the strong decay of bulk spin correlations. Remarkably, this non-local spin correlation does not decrease as the distance between two vacancy sites increases, signaling Majorana teleportation. Furthermore, we clarify that the non-local correlation can be detected electrically via the measurement of non-local conductance between two vacancy sites, which is straightforwardly utilized for the readout of Majorana qubits. These findings pave the way to the measurement-based quantum computation with Ising anyons trapped in vacancies of the Kitaev spin liquid.
description: 6 pages + 4 figures, and Supplemental Material
Everyday discrimination, daily affect, and physical symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Ong, Qiao Hui Lydia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Objective: Abundant evidence has linked everyday discrimination with health risks. Since the COVID-19 pandemic has increased exposure to discrimination (e.g., based on age and race), it is important to understand the day-to-day implications of discrimination experiences with well-being. Furthermore, daily positive events were examined as a moderator due to their potential for mitigating the associations between everyday discrimination and well-being. Methods: From March to August 2020, 1,212 participants aged 18-91 in the U.S. and Canada (84% women, 75% White) completed surveys for seven consecutive evenings about everyday discrimination, positive events, physical health symptoms, and positive and negative affect. Data were analyzed using multilevel models and controlled for sociodemographic factors. Results: Everyday discrimination was reported on 9.3% of days when in-person or remote social interactions occurred. Within-persons, positive affect was lower and negative affect and physical symptoms were higher on days when discrimination occurred vs. on days without discrimination. Positive events mitigated the within-person association between everyday discrimination and same-day negative affect, but not for positive affect or physical symptoms. Age was the most frequently reported reason for perceived everyday discrimination. Age-based discrimination predicted poorer same-day affect (but not same-day physical symptoms), and these associations were not buffered by positive events. Conclusions: Everyday discrimination was related to lower daily positive affect and higher negative affect and physical symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides initial evidence that daily positive events partially offset the increased negative affect associated with same-day discrimination, although this effect did not extend to age-based discrimination.
Entropic corrections to Newton's law
Creators: name: Setare, M. R.
name: Momeni, D.
name: Myrzakulov, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this short letter we calculate separately the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) and self gravitational corrections to the Newton's gravitational formula. We show that for a complete description of the GUP and self-gravity effects, both temperature and the entropy must be modified.
description: 4 pages, Accepted for publication in "Physica Scripta",Title changed, Major revision
The chiral magnetic effect in hydrodynamical approach
Creators: name: Sadofyev, A. V.
name: Isachenkov, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In quark-gluon plasma nonzero chirality can be induced by the chiral anomaly. When a magnetic field is applied to a system with nonzero chirality an electromagnetic current is induced along the magnetic field. This phenomenon is called the chiral magnetic effect. In this paper appearance of the chiral magnetic effect in hydrodynamical approximation is shown. We consider a hydrodynamical model for chiral liquid with two independent currents of left and right handed particles in the presence of the chiral anomaly.
description: 4 pages
Monopoles in AdS
Creators: name: Sutcliffe, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Applications to holographic theories have led to some recent interest in magnetic monopoles in four-dimensional Anti-de Sitter spacetime. This paper is concerned with a study of these monopoles, using both analytic and numerical methods. An approximation is introduced in which the fields of a charge N monopole are explicitly given in terms of a degree N rational map. Within this approximation, it is shown that the minimal energy monopole of charge N has the same symmetry as the minimal energy Skyrmion with baryon number N in Minkowski spacetime. Beyond charge two the minimal energy monopole has only a discrete symmetry, which is often Platonic. The rational map approximation provides an upper bound on the monopole energy and may be viewed as a smooth non-abelian refinement of the magnetic bag approximation, to which it reverts under some additional approximations. The analytic results are supported by numerical solutions obtained from simulations of the non-abelian field theory. A similar analysis is performed on the monopole wall that emerges in the large N limit, to reveal a hexagonal lattice as the minimal energy architecture.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures. Matches the published version
A Mean-Field Treatment of Vacuum Fluctuations in Strong Light-Matter Coupling
Creators: name: Hsieh, Ming-Hsiu
name: Krotz, Alex
name: Tempelaar, Roel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mean-field mixed quantum--classical dynamics could provide a much-needed means to inexpensively model quantum electrodynamical phenomena, by describing the optical field and its vacuum fluctuations classically. However, this approach is known to suffer from an unphysical transfer of energy out of the vacuum fluctuations when the light--matter coupling becomes strong. We highlight this issue for the case of an atom in an optical cavity, and resolve it by introducing an additional set of classical coordinates to specifically represent vacuum fluctuations whose light--matter interaction is scaled by the instantaneous ground-state population of the atom. This not only rigorously prevents the aforementioned unphysical energy transfer, but is also shown to yield a radically improved accuracy in terms of the atomic population and the optical field dynamics, generating results in excellent agreement with full quantum calculations. As such, the resulting method emerges as an attractive solution for the affordable modeling of strong light--matter coupling phenomena involving macroscopic numbers of optical modes.
description: 6 pages with 3 figures
Orbital-optimized pair-correlated electron simulations on trapped-ion quantum computers
Creators: name: Zhao, Luning
name: Goings, Joshua
name: Wright, Kenneth
name: Nguyen, Jason
name: Kim, Jungsang
name: Johri, Sonika
name: Shin, Kyujin
name: Kyoung, Woomin
name: Fuks, Johanna I.
name: Rhee, June-Koo Kevin
name: Rhee, Young Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variational quantum eigensolvers (VQE) are among the most promising approaches for solving electronic structure problems on near-term quantum computers. A critical challenge for VQE in practice is that one needs to strike a balance between the expressivity of the VQE ansatz versus the number of quantum gates required to implement the ansatz, given the reality of noisy quantum operations on near-term quantum computers. In this work, we consider an orbital-optimized pair-correlated approximation to the unitary coupled cluster with singles and doubles (uCCSD) ansatz and report a highly efficient quantum circuit implementation for trapped-ion architectures. We show that orbital optimization can recover significant additional electron correlation energy without sacrificing efficiency through measurements of low-order reduced density matrices (RDMs). In the dissociation of small molecules, the method gives qualitatively accurate predictions in the strongly-correlated regime when running on noise-free quantum simulators. On IonQ's Harmony and Aria trapped-ion quantum computers, we run end-to-end VQE algorithms with up to 12 qubits and 72 variational parameters - the largest full VQE simulation with a correlated wave function on quantum hardware. We find that even without error mitigation techniques, the predicted relative energies across different molecular geometries are in excellent agreement with noise-free simulators.
Equations solvable by radicals in a uniquely divisible group
Creators: name: Hillar, Christopher J.
name: Levine, Lionel
name: Rhea, Darren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A24, 20F10, 20F70, 68R15

description: We study equations in groups G with unique m-th roots for each positive integer m. A word equation in two letters is an expression of the form w(X,A) = B, where w is a finite word in the alphabet {X,A}. We think of A,B in G as fixed coefficients, and X in G as the unknown. Certain word equations, such as XAXAX=B, have solutions in terms of radicals, while others such as XXAX = B do not. We obtain the first known infinite families of word equations not solvable by radicals, and conjecture a complete classification. To a word w we associate a polynomial P_w in Z[x,y] in two commuting variables, which factors whenever w is a composition of smaller words. We prove that if P_w(x^2,y^2) has an absolutely irreducible factor in Z[x,y], then the equation w(X,A)=B is not solvable in terms of radicals.
description: 18 pages, added Lemma 5.2. To appear in Bull. Lon. Math. Soc
Repeated Cyclogenesis on Hot-Exoplanet Atmospheres with Deep Heating
Creators: name: Skinner, J. W.
name: Nättilä, J.
name: Cho, J. Y-K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most current models of hot-exoplanet atmospheres assume shallow heating, a strong day-night differential heating near the top of the atmosphere. Here we investigate the effects of energy deposition at differing depths in a model tidally locked gas-giant exoplanet. We perform high-resolution atmospheric flow simulations of hot-exoplanet atmospheres forced with idealized thermal heating representative of shallow and deep heating (i.e., stellar irradiation strongly deposited at $\sim 10^3$ Pa and $\sim 10^5$ Pa pressure levels, respectively). Unlike with shallow heating, the flow with deep heating exhibits a new dynamic equilibrium state, characterized by repeated generation of giant cyclonic storms that move away westward once formed. The formation is accompanied by a burst of heightened turbulence, leading to the production of small-scale flow structures and large-scale mixing of temperature on a timescale of $\sim 3$ planetary rotations. Significantly, while effects that could be important (e.g., coupled radiative flux and convectively excited gravity waves) are not included, over a timescale of several hundred days the simulations robustly show that the emergent thermal flux depends strongly on the heating type and is distinguishable by current observations.
description: Published in Physical Review Letters
Entanglement in a Solid State Spin Ensemble
Creators: name: Simmons, Stephanie
name: Brown, Richard M.
name: Riemann, Helge
name: Abrosimov, Nikolai V.
name: Becker, Peter
name: Pohl, Hans-Joachim
name: Thewalt, Mike L. W.
name: Itoh, Kohei M.
name: Morton, John J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement is the quintessential quantum phenomenon and a necessary ingredient in most emerging quantum technologies, including quantum repeaters, quantum information processing (QIP) and the strongest forms of quantum cryptography. Spin ensembles, such as those in liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance, have been powerful in the development of quantum control methods, however, these demonstrations contained no entanglement and ultimately constitute classical simulations of quantum algorithms. Here we report the on-demand generation of entanglement between an ensemble of electron and nuclear spins in isotopically engineered phosphorus-doped silicon. We combined high field/low temperature electron spin resonance (3.4 T, 2.9 K) with hyperpolarisation of the 31P nuclear spin to obtain an initial state of sufficient purity to create a non-classical, inseparable state. The state was verified using density matrix tomography based on geometric phase gates, and had a fidelity of 98% compared with the ideal state at this field and temperature. The entanglement operation was performed simultaneously, with high fidelity, to 10^10 spin pairs, and represents an essential requirement of a silicon-based quantum information processor.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures plus supporting information of 4 pages, 1 figure v2: Updated references
BPS Spectrum of Supersymmetric CP(N-1) Theory with Z_N Twisted Masses
Creators: name: Bolokhov, Pavel A.
name: Shifman, Mikhail
name: Yung, Alexei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the BPS spectrum of the supersymmetric CP(N-1) two-dimensional model with Z_N-symmetric twisted masses m_l (l=0,1, ..., N-1). A related issue we address is that of the curves of marginal stability (CMS) in this theory. Previous analyses were incomplete. We close the gap by exploiting a number of consistency conditions. In particular, we amend the Dorey formula for the BPS spectrum. Our analysis is based on the exact Veneziano--Yankielowicz-type superpotential and on the strong-coupling spectrum of the theory found from the mirror representation at small masses, |m_l| << Λ. We show that at weak coupling the spectrum, with necessity, must include N-1 BPS towers of states, instead of just one, as was thought before. Only one of the towers is seen in the quasiclassical limit. We find the corresponding CMS for these towers, and argue that in the large-N limit they become circles, filling out a band on the plane of a single mass parameter of the model at hand. Inside the CMS, N-1 towers collapse into N stable states.
description: 40 pages, 14 figures; minor corrections
Pre-merger sky localization of gravitational waves from binary neutron star mergers using deep learning
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Chayan
name: Wen, Linqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The simultaneous observation of gravitational waves (GW) and prompt electromagnetic counterparts from the merger of two neutron stars can help reveal the properties of extreme matter and gravity during and immediately after the final plunge. Rapid sky localization of these sources is crucial to facilitate such multi-messenger observations. Since GWs from binary neutron star (BNS) mergers can spend up to 10-15 mins in the frequency bands of the detectors at design sensitivity, early warning alerts and pre-merger sky localization can be achieved for sufficiently bright sources, as demonstrated in recent studies. In this work, we present pre-merger BNS sky localization results using CBC-SkyNet, a deep learning model capable of inferring sky location posterior distributions of GW sources at orders of magnitude faster speeds than standard Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. We test our model's performance on a catalog of simulated injections from Sachdev et al. (2020), recovered at 0-60 secs before merger, and obtain comparable sky localization areas to the rapid localization tool BAYESTAR. These results show the feasibility of our model for rapid pre-merger sky localization and the possibility of follow-up observations for precursor emissions from BNS mergers.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Thermal tolerance of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) : methodological and inherent variability in upper thermal tolerance limits and their use in assessing vulnerability to climate change
Creators: name: Mayer, Noa Eliza Berman
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Aquatic systems are warming and exceeding upper thermal limits (UTL) of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp), yet quantifying UTL and understanding how they inform resilience to climate change is challenging. This thesis focuses on quantifying upper thermal tolerance limits in Pacific salmon with specific reference to Kokanee salmon (O. nerka). I conducted a systematic review involving 168 papers investigating UTL in five Pacific salmon species and found considerable variation among species, within species, and across life stages -largely due to different methodological approaches (e.g. CTmax/UILT, Aerobic/Cardiac Scope, Thermal Migration Barriers, Rearing Mortality, Thermal Preference/Avoidance). Each method displayed strengths and weaknesses owing to logistics, time scale, and ecological realism, I recommend reporting an ‘UTL range’ instead of single UTL values, to reflect inherent and methodology-based variation. Comparing studies with similar experimental design showed that within species, UTL was higher for populations that historically encountered higher temperatures suggesting local thermal adaptation. Within populations, UTL differed across the lifecycle -highest in fry for some populations and in migrating adults for others. UTL has not been assessed for spawning fish and few studies examined estuarine and marine stages, limiting life history perspectives. My analysis suggests pink salmon are most resilient to warming due to their exceptional aerobic capacity, high straying rates, short generation time and limited exposure to high temperatures. In an additional experiment, I conducted thermal tolerance trials using two commonly employed methodologies: The Critical Thermal Maximum (CTmax) and Thermal Performance Curves for Aerobic Scope (AS). Juvenile and spawning adult fish were held overnight at a range of experimental temperatures (12˚, 17˚, 20˚, 22˚ and 24˚C).. In CTmax trials water temperatures were increased at a constant temperature (0.3˚Cmin⁻¹) until fish lost equilibrium. CTmax values ranged on average from 28.7˚C – 29.7˚C and differed significantly between life stages. Absolute AS – the difference between maximal and standard metabolic rates – were found to differ significantly between male and female adults, however Optimal (Topt) and functional temperature limits (Tpejus) occurred at similar temperatures (Topt: ~15˚C, Tpejus: ~20˚C). The large degree of variation in upper thermal tolerance metrics highlights the need for careful selection of values when conducting vulnerability assessments.
Fake violations of the quantum Bell-parameter bound
Creators: name: Semenov, A. A.
name: Vogel, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shortcomings of experimental techniques are usually assumed to diminish nonclassical properties of quantum systems. Here it is demonstrated that this standard assumption is not true in general. It is theoretically shown that the inability to resolve different photon numbers in photodetection may pseudo-increase a measured Bell parameter. Under proper conditions one even pseudo-violates the quantum Cirel'son bound of the Bell parameter, the corresponding density operator fails to be positive semi-definite. This paradox can be resolved by appropriate squash models.
description: Corrected published version
Positivity of Schur forms for strongly decomposably positive vector bundles
Creators: name: Wan, Xueyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we define two types of strongly decomposable positivity, which serve as generalizations of (dual) Nakano positivity and are stronger than the decomposable positivity introduced by S. Finski. We provide the criteria for strongly decomposable positivity of type I and type II and prove that the Schur forms of a strongly decomposable positive vector bundle of type I are weakly positive, while the Schur forms of a strongly decomposable positive vector bundle of type II are positive. These answer a question of Griffiths affirmatively for strongly decomposably positive vector bundles. Consequently, we present an algebraic proof of the positivity of Schur forms for (dual) Nakano positive vector bundles, which was initially proven by S. Finski.
description: 31 pages, 1 figure, final version, to appear in Forum of Mathematics, Sigma