cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Assembly of Matter in Galaxy Clusters
Creators: name: Tormen, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the merging history of dark matter haloes that end up in rich clusters, using N-body simulations of a scale-free universe. We compare the predictions of the extended Press & Schechter (PS) formalism (Bond et al. 1991; Bower 1991; Lacey & Cole 1993) with several conditional statistics of the proto-cluster matter: the mass distribution and relative abundance of progenitor haloes at different redshifts, the infall rate of progenitors within the proto-cluster, the formation redshift of the most massive cluster progenitor, and the accretion rates of other haloes onto it. The high quality of our simulations allows an unprecedented resolution in the mass range of the studied distributions. We also present the global mass function for the same cosmological model. We find that the PS formalism and its extensions cannot simultaneously describe the global evolution of clustering and its evolution in a proto-cluster environment. The best-fit PS model for the global mass function is a poor fit to the statistics of cluster progenitors. This discrepancy is in the sense of underpredicting the number of high-mass progenitors at high redshift. Although the PS formalism can provide a good qualitative description of the global evolution of hierarchical clustering, particular attention is needed when applying the theory to the mass distribution of progenitor objects at high redshift.
description: 13 pages, Latex, 10 Postscript figures. Accepted for publication on MNRAS. Postscript version also available at http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/~bepi/
Frailty status but not age predicts complications in elderly cancer patients: a follow-up study
Creators: name: Ørum, Marianne
name: Gregersen, Merete
name: Jensen, Kenneth
name: Meldgaard, Peter
name: Damsgaard, Else Marie S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Objectives: The purposes were to investigate the health status of elderly cancer patients by comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) and to compare the complications with respect to baseline CGA and to evaluate the need for geriatric interventions in an elderly cancer patients’ population. Material: Patients aged ≥70 years with lung cancer (LC), cancer of the head and neck (HNC), colorectal cancer (CRC), or upper gastro-intestinal cancer (UGIC) are referred to the Department of Oncology for cancer treatment. Methods: CGA was performed prior to cancer treatment and addressed the following domains: Activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL (IADL), comorbidity, polypharmacy, nutrition, cognition, and depression. Complications, defined as dose reduction and discontinuation of treatment due to grade 3-4 toxicity, hospital admission, shift to palliative treatment, or death within 90 days, were identified from the medical files. Patients were classified as fit, vulnerable, or frail by CGA. Principal results: Patients (N = 217) with a median age of 75 years (range: 70–93 yeas) were included: 13% were fit, 35% vulnerable, and 52% frail. CGA significantly predicted admittance to hospital in frail and vulnerable patients compared to fit patients: risk ratio (RR) 2.12 (95% CI: 1.01; 4.46). Vulnerable and frail patients had higher absolute risk of death within 90 days compared to fit patients: 7% and 23% versus 0%. HR for death within 90 days in frail patients as compared to vulnerable patients was 3.50 (95% CI: 1.34; 9.15). More frail patients (88%) needed geriatric interventions than the vulnerable (46%) and fit patients (32%). Major conclusion: Few elderly cancer patients seem to be fit. CGA predicts admittance to hospital in a population of elderly patients with mixed cancer diseases. Frail and vulnerable patients have higher risk of death within 90 days as compared to fit patients.
Hadron productions and jet substructures associated with $Z^0/γ$ in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC
Creators: name: Zhang, Shan-Liang
name: Xing, Hongxi
name: Zhang, Ben-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out a detailed study of medium modifications on $Z^0$/$γ$+hadron correlations as well as jet substructures in association with $Z^0/γ$ in Pb+Pb collisions with $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV at the LHC. We utilize the Linear Boltzmann transport (LBT) model to simulate the jet-medium interactions and medium response, and an extended cluster hadronization model to investigate the non-perturbative transition of quarks and gluons into final hadrons in heavy-ion collisions. Including hadronization effect, we can well describe $Z^0/γ$+hadrons correlations and $Z^0/γ$-tagged jet substructures in both p+p and Pb+Pb collisions simultaneously. Medium modification on jet profile and jet fragmentation functions indicate that particles carrying a large fraction of the jet momentum are generally closely aligned with the jet axis, whereas low-momentum particles are observed to have a much broader angular distribution relative to jet axis in Pb+Pb collisions due to jet-medium interactions. In particular, we find that $Z^0/γ$-tagged hadron correlations are sensitive to the soft particles from the dense medium and medium response, while jet-substructures show weak dependence on those soft hadrons with only a fraction of them falling inside the jet area
description: 13pages, 11 figures
Fractional and Integer Charges from Levinson's Theorem
Creators: name: Farhi, E.
name: Graham, N.
name: Jaffe, R. L.
name: Weigel, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute fractional and integer fermion quantum numbers of static background field configurations using phase shifts and Levinson's theorem. By extending fermionic scattering theory to arbitrary dimensions, we implement dimensional regularization in a 1+1 dimensional gauge theory. We demonstrate that this regularization procedure automatically eliminates the anomaly in the vector current that a naive regulator would produce. We also apply these techniques to bag models in one and three dimensions.
description: 16 pages, uses RevTex, 1 figure; v2: minor corrections
Vespa coarctata Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Vespidae
Vespa
Vespa coarctata

description: Vespa coarctata [spec. nov.]
V. abdominis primo articulo infundibuliformi, secundo campanulato maximo.
Fn. svec. 1002.
Frisch. ins. 9. t. 9.
Habitat in Europa.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 573, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Probing interactions via non-equilibrium momentum distribution and noise in integer quantum Hall systems at $ν=2$
Creators: name: Acciai, Matteo
name: Carrega, Matteo
name: Rech, Jérôme
name: Jonckheere, Thibaut
name: Martin, Thierry
name: Sassetti, Maura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the excitation of single-electron wave packets by means of a time dependent voltage applied to the ballistic edge channels of the integer quantum Hall effect at filling factor $ν=2$. Due to electron-electron interactions, fractional excitations emerge along the edge. Their detailed structure is analyzed by evaluating the nonequilibrium momentum distributions associated with the different edge channels. We provide results for a generic time-dependent drive both in the stationary regime and for intermediate times, where the overlap between fractionalized wave packets carries relevant information on interaction strength. As a particular example we focus on a Lorentzian drive, which provides a clear signature of the minimal excitations known as Levitons. Here, we argue that inner-channel fractionalized excitations can be exploited to extract information about inter-channel interactions. We further confirm this idea by calculating the zero frequency noise due to the partitioning of these excitations at a quantum point contact and we propose a measurable quantity as a tool to directly probe electron-electron interactions and determine the so-called mixing angle of copropagating quantum Hall channels.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Infrared Behaviour of Massless Integrable Flows entering the Minimal Models from phi_31
Creators: name: Feverati, G.
name: Quattrini, E.
name: Ravanini, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that any minimal model M_p receives along its phi_31 irrelevant direction *two* massless integrable flows: one from M_{p+1} perturbed by phi_{13}, the other from Z_{p-1} parafermionic model perturbed by its generating parafermion field. By comparing Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz data and ``predictions'' of infrared Conformal Perturbation Theory we show that these two flows are received by M_p with opposite coupling constants of the phi_31 irrelevant perturbation. Some comments on the massless S matrices of these two flows are added.
description: 12 pages, Latex - One misprinted (uninfluent) coefficient corrected in Tab. 1
A universal programmable Gaussian Boson Sampler for drug discovery
Creators: name: Yu, Shang
name: Zhong, Zhi-Peng
name: Fang, Yuhua
name: Patel, Raj B.
name: Li, Qing-Peng
name: Liu, Wei
name: Li, Zhenghao
name: Xu, Liang
name: Sagona-Stophel, Steven
name: Mer, Ewan
name: Thomas, Sarah E.
name: Meng, Yu
name: Li, Zhi-Peng
name: Yang, Yuan-Ze
name: Wang, Zhao-An
name: Guo, Nai-Jie
name: Zhang, Wen-Hao
name: Tranmer, Geoffrey K
name: Dong, Ying
name: Wang, Yi-Tao
name: Tang, Jian-Shun
name: Li, Chuan-Feng
name: Walmsley, Ian A.
name: Guo, Guang-Can
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gaussian Boson Sampling (GBS) exhibits a unique ability to solve graph problems, such as finding cliques in complex graphs. It is noteworthy that many drug discovery tasks can be viewed as the clique-finding process, making them potentially suitable for quantum computation. However, to perform these tasks in their quantum-enhanced form, a large-scale quantum hardware with universal programmability is essential, which is yet to be achieved even with the most advanced GBS devices. Here, we construct a time-bin encoded GBS photonic quantum processor that is universal, programmable, and software-scalable. Our processor features freely adjustable squeezing parameters and can implement arbitrary unitary operations with a programmable interferometer. Using our processor, we have demonstrated the clique-finding task in a 32-node graph, where we found the maximum weighted clique with approximately twice the probability of success compared to classical sampling. Furthermore, a multifunctional quantum pharmaceutical platform is developed. This GBS processor is successfully used to execute two different drug discovery methods, namely molecular docking and RNA folding prediction. Our work achieves the state-of-the-art in GBS circuitry with its distinctive universal and programmable architecture which advances GBS towards real-world applications.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Universality and Clustering in 1+1 Dimensional Superstring-Bit Models
Creators: name: Bergman, Oren
name: Thorn, Charles B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a 1+1 dimensional superstring-bit model for D=3 Type IIB superstring. This low dimension model escapes the problems encountered in higher dimension models: (1) It possesses full Galilean supersymmetry; (2) For noninteracting polymers of bits, the exactly soluble linear superpotential describing bit interactions is in a large universality class of superpotentials which includes ones bounded at spatial infinity; (3) The latter are used to construct a superstring-bit model with the clustering properties needed to define an $S$-matrix for closed polymers of superstring-bits.
description: 11 pages, Latex document
A comparative study of turbulence models for non-premixed swirl-stabilized flames
Creators: name: Safavi, Mohammad
name: Amani, Ehsan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: The accuracy of turbulent swirl-stabilized flame simulation strongly depends on the choice of turbulence model. In this study, four 3D unsteady turbulence closures, including large eddy simulation, scale-adaptive simulation, and two detached eddy simulation variants, along with four RANS models, including RNG k−ϵ, SST k−ω, transition SST, and RSM, are examined for moderate- and high-swirl case studies. It is observed that the scale-adaptive simulation provides the most accurate results for almost all variables and both swirl conditions in the reactive flow. Only the 3D unsteady models predict the vortex breakdown bubble and flame attachment state correctly. However, based on our error analysis, the flow and composition fields predicted by the RANS models are in acceptable agreement with the experimental fields, especially the ones of transition SST when higher swirl number cases or minor species concentration are of interest. Moreover, it is concluded that the viscosity ratio criterion is a better measure of the local LES quality than the turbulent kinetic energy ratio, and the accuracy of a hybrid simulation may be much more dependent on the ability of the model to operate close to the RANS mode where the grid resolution is not sufficient for a resolving simulation than the fraction of the resolved kinetic energy. Finally, the propriety of the base (RANS) model of a DES for the application of interest is important, such that DES with realizable k−ϵ outperforms the commonly used DES with SST k−ω model.
A Revision Control System for Image Editing in Collaborative Multimedia Design
Creators: name: Calefato, Fabio
name: Castellano, Giovanna
name: Rossano, Veronica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Revision control is a vital component in the collaborative development of artifacts such as software code and multimedia. While revision control has been widely deployed for text files, very few attempts to control the versioning of binary files can be found in the literature. This can be inconvenient for graphics applications that use a significant amount of binary data, such as images, videos, meshes, and animations. Existing strategies such as storing whole files for individual revisions or simple binary deltas, respectively consume significant storage and obscure semantic information. To overcome these limitations, in this paper we present a revision control system for digital images that stores revisions in form of graphs. Besides, being integrated with Git, our revision control system also facilitates artistic creation processes in common image editing and digital painting workflows. A preliminary user study demonstrates the usability of the proposed system.
description: pp. 512-517 (6 pages)
Supplementary document for Determination of stress waves and their effect on the damage extension induced by surface defects of KDP crystals under intense laser irradiation - 6422484.pdf
Creators: name: Ding, Wenyu
name: Zhao, Linjie
name: Chen, Mingjun
name: Cheng, Jian
name: Chen, Guang
name: Lei, Hong
name: Liu, Zhichao
name: Geng, Feng
name: Wang, Shengfei
name: Xu, Qiao
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Simulation and Modelling

description: Supplemental Document
Experimental evidence for electron-electron interaction and spin-charge separation in graphene quantum dots
Creators: name: Ren, Hui-Ying
name: Ren, Ya-Ning
name: Zheng, Qi
name: He, Jia-Qi
name: He, Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) can exhibit a range of spectacular phenomena such as the Klein-tunneling-induced quasibound states1-6 and Berry-phase-tuned energy spectra7-15. According to previous studies, all these interesting quantum phenomena seem to be well understood in the free electron picture1-15. However, electronic motion in the GQDs is reduced to quantized orbits by quantum confinement, which implies that the kinetic energy may be comparable to or even smaller than the Coulomb energy of the quasiparticles, possibly resulting in exotic correlated phases in the GQDs. Here we present a scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy study of gate-tunable GQDs in graphene/WSe2 heterostructure devices and report for the first time the observation of electron-electron interaction and correlation-induced spin-charge separation in the GQDs. Gating allows us to precise characterize effects of the electron-electron interaction on the energy spectra of the GQDs. By measuring density of states as a function of energy and position, we explicitly uncover two density waves with different velocities in the GQDs, attributing to spin-charge separation in real space.
Vespa emarginata Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Vespidae
Vespa
Vespa emarginata

description: Vespa emarginata [spec. nov.]
V. scutello emarginato, abdominis nigri petiolo incurvo utrinque unidentato. M. L. U.
Habitat in America.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 574, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
The Mass-Temperature Relation for Clusters of Galaxies
Creators: name: Hjorth, Jens
name: Oukbir, Jamila
name: van Kampen, Eelco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A tight mass-temperature relation, M(r)/r ~ T_X, is expected in most cosmological models if clusters of galaxies are homologous and the intracluster gas is in global equilibrium with the dark matter. We here calibrate this relation using 8 clusters with well-defined global temperatures measured with ASCA and masses inferred from weak and strong gravitational lensing. The surface lensing masses are deprojected in accordance with N-body simulations and analytic results. The data are well-fit by the mass-temperature relation and are consistent with the empirical normalisation found by Evrard et al. (1996) using gasdynamic simulations. Thus, there is no discrepancy between lensing and X-ray derived masses using this approach. The dispersion around the relation is 27 per cent, entirely dominated by observational errors. The next generation of X-ray telescopes combined with wide-field HST imaging could provide a sensitive test of the normalisation and intrinsic scatter of the relation resulting in a powerful and expedient way of measuring masses of clusters of galaxies. In addition, as M(r)/r (as derived from lensing) is dependent on the cosmological model at high redshift, the relation represents a new tool for determination of cosmological parameters, notably the cosmological constant Lambda.
description: 6 pages, LaTeX (mn.sty), 2 figures. To appear in MNRAS Letters
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (XIVe siècle), Cart. 24 (G 137), 31 folios, f. 0068
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2011
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (XIVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 24 (G 137), 31 folios, f. 0068, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (XIVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 24 (G 137), 31 folios, f. 0068, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
Chiral Optical Response of Multifold Fermions
Creators: name: Flicker, Felix
name: de Juan, Fernando
name: Bradlyn, Barry
name: Morimoto, Takahiro
name: Vergniory, Maia G.
name: Grushin, Adolfo G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multifold fermions are generalizations of two-fold degenerate Weyl fermions with three-, four-, six- or eight-fold degeneracies protected by crystal symmetries, of which only the last type is necessarily non-chiral. Their low energy degrees of freedom can be described as emergent particles not present in the Standard Model of particle physics. We propose a range of experimental probes for multifold fermions in chiral symmetry groups based on the gyrotropic magnetic effect (GME) and the circular photo-galvanic effect (CPGE). We find that, in contrast to Weyl fermions, multifold fermions can have zero Berry curvature yet a finite GME, leading to an enhanced response. The CPGE is quantized and independent of frequency provided that the frequency region at which it is probed defines closed optically-activated momentum surfaces. We confirm the above properties by calculations in symmetry-restricted tight binding models with realistic density functional theory parameters. We identify a range of previously-unidentified ternary compounds able to exhibit chiral multifold fermions of all types (including a range of materials in the families AsBaPt and Gd$_3$Cl$_3$C), and provide specific predictions for the known multifold material RhSi.
description: 19+12 pages, 8+1 figures. This version: minor typos corrected
Phosphoester binding, DNA binding, DNA cleavage and in vitro cytotoxicity studies of simple heteroleptic copper(II) complexes with bidentate ligands
Creators: name: Popuri Sureshbabu
name: Moumita Mondal
name: Natarajan Sakthivel
name: Shahulhameed Sabiah
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Two mononuclear heteroleptic copper complexes, [Cu(±trans-dach)(bpy)](ClO4)2 1a and [Cu(±trans-dach)(phen)](ClO4)2 2a [dach = 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline], were synthesized and analyzed by CHN analysis, electronic absorption, FT-IR spectroscopy, EPR, and SXRD. The molecular structures of 1a and 2a showed octahedral geometry around Cu(II). Both complexes interacted with phosphoesters and DNA. Their binding affinities with diphenylphosphate, di n-butylphosphate, trimethylphosphate, and triphenylphosphate were studied by UV–vis spectroscopy. For understanding the stereochemical role of dach ligand toward DNA interaction, enantiopure DACH complexes [Cu(R,R-trans-dach(bpy)](ClO4)2 1b, [Cu(S,S-trans-dach)(bpy)](ClO4)2 1c, [Cu(cis-dach)(bpy)](ClO4)2 1d, [Cu(R,R-trans-dach)(phen)](ClO4)2 2b, [Cu(S,S-trans-dach)(phen)](ClO4)2 2c, and [Cu(cis-dach)(phen)](ClO4)2 2d were synthesized and analyzed. All complexes interacted with calf thymus-DNA (CT-DNA) as studied by UV–vis spectroscopy. The nature of binding to CT-DNA was groove/electrostatic as supported by circular dichroism, cyclic voltammetry, and docking studies. Complexes were able to cleave plasmid DNA at 12.5 µM (1a–d) and 6 µM (2a–d), where 2d showed 64% Form II and 36% Form III. The in vitro cytotoxic studies of two different cancer cell lines showed inhibition with low IC50 value in comparison to reference control (cisplatin). These complexes are efficient in inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, making them viable for potent anticancer activity.
Detection of novel obesity loci in Asian populations
Creators: name: Dorajoo, Rajkumar
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified common obesity-associated variants. These have been primarily conducted using populations of European ancestry and the relevance of these loci in other populations remains to be determined. The aims of this study were multi-fold, in both corroborating the role of these variants in Asians and in unravelling new obesity-associated variants. In my first study, I examined the relevance of specific variants, initially identified in Europeans, with obesity in Asian populations from Singapore (Chinese, Malays and South-Asians). This confirmed the role of several novel obesity loci and suggested that common variants obesity-associated variants were relevant across ethnic groups. To identify additional obesity-associated loci in East-Asians, a hypothesis-free GWAS approach was adopted in the next study. These studies were initially carried out in Singaporean datasets and subsequently, expanded to consortia levels to increase power in the study. These efforts successfully identified novel BMI-associated variants in East-Asians and highlighted that insulin-associated processes may be involved in obesity susceptibility. In the third study I extended the findings of a possible role for insulin-associated processes in obesity by aiming to understand the relevance of type 2 diabetes risk loci with obesity predisposition in adults and in childhood and birth among East-Asian datasets. Data from this study revealed a possible ethnic-specific association at a HHEX locus among adult East-Asians and identified another HHEX variant at which the effects on childhood BMI interacted with birth weight. In the final study, I assessed an inflammatory phenotype, serum C-reactive protein levels, for novel associations in East-Asian datasets using GWAS with a focus on identifying any obesity interactions. I further sought to clarify on the causality between CRP with vascular disease in this study. Although no novel variants were detected in this study, several initial findings from earlier GWAS were replicated in the East-Asian populations. Furthermore, it was determined that CRP was not causally associated with macrovascular and microvascular disease. Primary results from these studies served to replicate several novel obesity loci in Asian populations and revealed novel risk variants. Nevertheless, it is striking that much of the genetic variation in obesity levels remains unidentified. Additional research is necessary to pin-point causal location and mechanisms for the already identified loci and it would be important to address the role of non-SNP genetic variations in obesity susceptibility.
New evidence for the dusty wind model: Polar dust and a hot core in the type-1 Seyfert ESO$\,$323-G77
Creators: name: Leftley, James
name: Tristram, Konrad
name: Hönig, Sebastian
name: Kishimoto, Makoto
name: Asmus, Daniel
name: Gandhi, Poshak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Infrared interferometry of Seyfert galaxies has revealed that their warm ($300-400\,$K) dust emission originates primarily from polar regions instead of from an equatorial dust torus as predicted by the classic AGN unification scheme. We present new data for the type 1.2 object ESO$\,$323-G77 obtained with the MID-infrared interferometric Instrument (MIDI) and a new detailed morphological study of its warm dust. The partially resolved emission on scales between $5$ and $50\,$mas ($1.6-16\,$pc) is decomposed into a resolved and an unresolved source. Approximately $65\%$ of the correlated flux between $8$ and $13\,μ\mathrm{m}$ is unresolved at all available baseline lengths. The remaining $35\%$ is partially resolved and shows angular structure. From geometric modelling we find that the emission is elongated along a position angle of $155^\circ\pm14^\circ$ with an axis ratio (major/minor) of $2.9\pm0.3$. Because the system axis is oriented in position angle $174^\circ\pm2^\circ$, we conclude that the dust emission of this object is also polar extended. A $\textit{CAT3D-WIND}$ radiative transfer model of a dusty disk and a dusty wind with a half opening angle of $30^\circ$ can reproduce both the interferometric data and the SED, while a classical torus model is unable to fit the interferometric data. We interpret this as further evidence that a polar dust component is required even for low-inclination type 1 sources.
description: 18 pages, 18 figures, Published in ApJ
Apis Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Apis

description: Apis [gen. nov.]
Os maxillis atque proboscide inflexa vaginis duabus bivalvibus.
Alae planae, in omni sexu.
Aculeus Feminis & Neutris punctorius reconditus.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 574, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Modelling of flexible heat demand and assessing its value in low carbon electricity systems
Creators: name: Dejvises, Jackravut
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: This thesis presents a thermo-electrical modelling approach for demand response services through Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. The starting point of the approach is to gain insights on the heating and cooling energy required to keep a building at predefined temperature settings. These studies are supported by the simulation engine EnergyPlus, which is used to generate base-case (uncontrolled) consumption scenarios. Then, a number of different control actions are simulated to study how the energy demand and the indoor temperature profile of different buildings react to such control actions. The relations between user’s comfort levels and temperature setting point variations and durations of the control are explored for different types of buildings. In order to map thermal loads to electrical loads, synthetic and general models of reversible HVAC devices are developed through a so-called black-box approach, whereby input-output functions are generated to link the equipment performance to indoor and outdoor temperatures in both heating and cooling operation. A mathematical formulation of these performance functions is developed from real data. A flexible demand strategy algorithm that maximises the benefits of flexible heat demand is finally presented. It allows selection of an optimal combination of control strategies for the different devices involved in the analysis. The algorithm is able to select type, number, and duration of operation of the HVAC systems so as to maximise the sought benefits, e.g., support of system balancing task, network constraint management. This can ultimately lead to facilitate efficient integration of intermittent generation and enhance the utilization of existing network assets in future low carbon electricity systems. The present heating and domestic hot water demands of UK residential buildings have been modelled and validated with the national gas consumption. The model is used to predict future HVAC demand of the UK residential building in year 2050.
The Extremely High Energy Cosmic Rays
Creators: name: Yoshida, Shigeru
name: Dai, Hongyue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental results from Haverah Park, Yakutsk, AGASA and Fly's Eye are reviewed. All these experiments work in the energy range above 0.1 EeV. The 'dip' structure around 3 EeV in the energy spectrum is well established by all the experiments, though the exact position differs slightly. Fly's Eye and Yakutsk results on the chemical composition indicate that the cosmic rays are getting lighter over the energy range from 0.1 EeV to 10 EeV, but the exact fraction is hadronic interaction model dependent, as indicated by the AGASA analysis. The arrival directions of cosmic rays are largely isotropic, but interesting features may be starting to emerge. Most of the experimental results can best be explained with the scenario that an extragalactic component gradually takes over a galactic population as energy increases and cosmic rays at the highest energies are dominated by particles coming from extragalactic space. However, identification of the extragalactic sources has not yet been successful because of limited statistics and the resolution of the data.
description: The review paper including 21 figures. 39 pages: To be published in Journal of Physics G
Additional file 1 of Gamma-glutamyl transferase levels are associated with the occurrence of post-stroke cognitive impairment: a multicenter cohort study
Creators: name: Li, Siqi
name: Liao, Xiaoling
name: Pan, Yuesong
name: Xiang, Xianglong
name: Zhang, Yumei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the included and excluded participants. Supplementary Table 2. The demographic or neurological differences between PSCI and non-PSCI in included patients.
Animal Welfare in Nepal
Creators: name: Acharya, Krishna Prasad
name: Acharya, Narayan
name: R. Trevor Wilson
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The small densely populated country of Nepal rises from just above sea level to more than 8800 m and encompasses many agro-ecological zones. Rich in both nature and culture, livestock are integral to household and national economies. Most Nepalese consider the cow sacred, and slaughter is forbidden. Other nonhuman animals are less esteemed, slaughter is not proscribed, and many are sacrificed during religious festivals. Limited financial and material resources, inadequate feed supplies, poor access to veterinary services, absence of appropriate legislation, and ignoring the needs of livestock as sentient beings can compromise welfare and lead to inhumane treatment. This article reviews the welfare status of various groups (food-producing stock, work animals, street dogs, experimental animals, and elephants in captivity). Several animal welfare charities are represented. Suggestions for improved welfare are discussed, but the prognosis is not encouraging especially in view of the widespread struggle and people’s own struggle for survival.
Manifestation of the coupling phase in microwave cavity magnonics
Creators: name: Gardin, Alan
name: Bourhill, Jeremy
name: Vlaminck, Vincent
name: Person, Christian
name: Fumeaux, Christophe
name: Castel, Vincent
name: Tettamanzi, Giuseppe C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction between microwave photons and magnons is well understood and originates from the Zeeman coupling between spins and a magnetic field. Interestingly, the magnon/photon interaction is accompanied by a phase factor which can usually be neglected. However, under the rotating wave approximation, if two magnon modes simultaneously couple with two cavity resonances, this phase cannot be ignored as it changes the physics of the system. We consider two such systems, each differing by the sign of one of the magnon/photon coupling strengths. This simple difference, originating from the various coupling phases in the system, is shown to preserve, or destroy, two potential applications of hybrid photon/magnon systems, namely dark mode memories and cavity-mediated coupling. The observable consequences of the coupling phase in this system is akin to the manifestation of a discrete Pancharatnam-Berry phase, which may be useful for quantum information processing.
Halpern-Huang directions in effective scalar field theory
Creators: name: Periwal, Vipul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Halpern and Huang recently showed that there are relevant directions in the space of interactions at the Gaussian fixed point. I show that their result can be derived from Polchinski's form of the Wilson renormalization group. The derivation shows that the existence of these directions is independent of the cutoff function used.
description: 6 pages, plain TeX
Mixing and demixing of binary mixtures of polar chiral active particles
Creators: name: Ai, Bao-quan
name: Shao, Zhi-gang
name: Zhong, Wei-rong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a binary mixture of polar chiral (counterclockwise or clockwise) active particles in a two-dimensional box with periodic boundary conditions. Beside the excluded volume interactions between particles, particles are also subject to the polar velocity alignment. From the extensive Brownian dynamics simulations, it is found that the particle configuration (mixing or demixing) is determined by the competition between the chirality difference and the polar velocity alignment. When the chirality difference competes with the polar velocity alignment, the clockwise particles aggregate in one cluster and the counterclockwise particles aggregate in the other cluster, thus particles are demixed and can be separated. However, when the chirality difference or the polar velocity alignment is dominated, particles are mixed. Our findings could be used for the experimental pursuit of the separation of binary mixtures of chiral active particles.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Black Hole Entropy, Special Geometry and Strings
Creators: name: Mohaupt, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review work done over the last years on the macroscopic and microscopic entropy of supersymmetric black holes in fourdimensional N=2 supergravity and in N=2 compactifications of string theory and M-theory. Particular emphasis is put on the crucial role of higher curvature terms and of modifications of the area law in obtaining agreement between the macroscopic entropy, which is a geometric property of black hole solutions and the microscopic entropy, which is computed by state counting in Calabi-Yau compactifications of string or M-theory. We also discuss invariance properties of the entropy under stringy T-duality and S-duality transformations in N=2,4 compactifications in presence of higher curvature terms. In order to make the paper self-contained we review the laws of black hole mechanics in higher derivative gravity, the definition of entropy as a surface charge, the superconformal off-shell description of N=2 supergravity, special geometry, and N=2 compactifications of heterotic and type II string theory and of M-theory.
description: 156 pages. Added subsection summarizing the results of hep-th/0009234. Added some comments and references on moduli spaces of multiblack hole solutions
Complementary Measures of the Mass Density and Cosmological Constant
Creators: name: White, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distance-redshift relation depends on the amount of matter of each type in the universe. Measurements at different redshifts constrain differing combinations of these matter densities and thus may be used in combination to constrain each separately. The combination of Omega_0 and Omega_Lambda measured in supernovae at z<1 is almost orthogonal to the combination probed by the location of features in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy spectrum. We analyze the current combined data set in this framework, showing that the regions preferred by the Supernova and CMB measurements are compatible. We quantify the favoured region. We also discuss models in which the matter density in the universe is augmented by a smooth component to give critical density. These models, by construction and in contrast, are not strongly constrained by the combination of the data sets.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, minor changes to reflect version accepted in ApJ. New SN data included. Minor typos fixed
Phosphoester binding, DNA binding, DNA cleavage and in vitro cytotoxicity studies of simple heteroleptic copper(II) complexes with bidentate ligands
Creators: name: Popuri Sureshbabu
name: Moumita Mondal
name: Natarajan, Sakthivel
name: Shahulhameed Sabiah
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Two mononuclear heteroleptic copper complexes, [Cu(±trans-dach)(bpy)](ClO4)2 1a and [Cu(±trans-dach)(phen)](ClO4)2 2a [dach = 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline], were synthesized and analyzed by CHN analysis, electronic absorption, FT-IR spectroscopy, EPR and SXRD. The molecular structures of 1a and 2a showed octahedral geometry around Cu(II). Both complexes interacted with phosphoesters and DNA. Their binding affinities with DPP (diphenylphosphate), DBP (di n-butylphosphate), TMP (trimethylphosphate) and TPP (triphenylphosphate) were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy. For understanding the stereochemical role of dach ligand towards DNA interaction, enantiopure DACH complexes [Cu(R,R-trans-dach(bpy)](ClO4)2 1b, [Cu(S,S-trans-dach)(bpy)](ClO4)2 1c, [Cu(cis-dach)(bpy)](ClO4)2 1d, [Cu(R,R-trans-dach)(phen)](ClO4)2 2b, [Cu(S,S-trans-dach)(phen)](ClO4)2 2c and [Cu(cis-dach)(phen)](ClO4)2 2d were synthesized and analyzed. All complexes interacted with CT-DNA (Calf thymus-DNA) as studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The nature of binding to CT-DNA was groove/electrostatic as supported by circular dichroism (CD), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and docking studies. Complexes were able to cleave plasmid DNA at 12.5 µM (1a-d) and 6 µM (2a-d), where 2d showed 64% Form II and 36% Form III. The in vitro cytotoxic studies of two different cancer cell lines showed inhibition with low IC50 value in comparison to reference control (cisplatin). These complexes are efficient in inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, making them viable for potent anticancer activity.
Spin-orbit interaction and induced superconductivity in an one-dimensional hole gas
Creators: name: de Vries, F. K.
name: Shen, J.
name: Skolasinski, R. J.
name: Nowak, M. P.
name: Varjas, D.
name: Wang, L.
name: Wimmer, M.
name: Ridderbos, J.
name: Zwanenburg, F. A.
name: Li, A.
name: Koelling, S.
name: Verheijen, M. A.
name: Bakkers, E. P. A. M.
name: Kouwenhoven, L. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low dimensional semiconducting structures with strong spin-orbit interaction (SOI) and induced superconductivity attracted much interest in the search for topological superconductors. Both the strong SOI and hard superconducting gap are directly related to the topological protection of the predicted Majorana bound states. Here we explore the one-dimensional hole gas in germanium silicon (Ge-Si) core-shell nanowires (NWs) as a new material candidate for creating a topological superconductor. Fitting multiple Andreev reflection measurements shows that the NW has two transport channels only, underlining its one-dimensionality. Furthermore, we find anisotropy of the Lande g-factor, that, combined with band structure calculations, provides us qualitative evidence for direct Rashba SOI and a strong orbital effect of the magnetic field. Finally, a hard superconducting gap is found in the tunneling regime, and the open regime, where we use the Kondo peak as a new tool to gauge the quality of the superconducting gap.
Color-Dressed Generalized Biadjoint Scalar Amplitudes: Local Planarity
Creators: name: Cachazo, Freddy
name: Early, Nick
name: Zhang, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The biadjoint scalar theory has cubic interactions and fields transforming in the biadjoint representation of ${\rm SU}(N)\times {\rm SU}\big({\tilde N}\big)$. Amplitudes are "color" decomposed in terms of partial amplitudes computed using Feynman diagrams which are simultaneously planar with respect to two orderings. In 2019, a generalization of biadjoint scalar amplitudes based on generalized Feynman diagrams (GFDs) was introduced. GFDs are collections of Feynman diagrams derived by incorporating an additional constraint of "local planarity" into the construction of the arrangements of metric trees in combinatorics. In this work, we propose a natural generalization of color orderings which leads to color-dressed amplitudes. A generalized color ordering (GCO) is defined as a collection of standard color orderings that is induced, in a precise sense, from an arrangement of projective lines on $\mathbb{RP}^2$. We present results for $n\leq 9$ generalized color orderings and GFDs, uncovering new phenomena in each case. We discover generalized decoupling identities and propose a definition of the "colorless" generalized scalar amplitude. We also propose a notion of GCOs for arbitrary $\mathbb{RP}^{k-1}$, discuss some of their properties, and comment on their GFDs. In a companion paper, we explore the definition of partial amplitudes using CEGM integral formulas.