cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Detecting Out-of-distribution Objects Using Neuron Activation Patterns
Creators: name: Olber, Bartłomiej
name: Radlak, Krystian
name: Chachuła, Krystian
name: Łyskawa, Jakub
name: Frątczak, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Object detection is essential to many perception algorithms used in modern robotics applications. Unfortunately, the existing models share a tendency to assign high confidence scores for out-of-distribution (OOD) samples. Although OOD detection has been extensively studied in recent years by the computer vision (CV) community, most proposed solutions apply only to the image recognition task. Real-world applications such as perception in autonomous vehicles struggle with far more complex challenges than classification. In our work, we focus on the prevalent field of object detection, introducing Neuron Activation PaTteRns for out-of-distribution samples detection in Object detectioN (NAPTRON). Performed experiments show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods, without the need to affect in-distribution (ID) performance. By evaluating the methods in two distinct OOD scenarios and three types of object detectors we have created the largest open-source benchmark for OOD object detection.
Predictions of $m_{ee}$ and neutrino mass from a consistent Froggatt-Nielsen model
Creators: name: Qiu, Yu-Cheng
name: Wang, Jin-Wei
name: Yanagida, Tsutomu T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The seesaw mechanism is the most attractive mechanism to explain the small neutrino masses, which predicts the neutrinoless double beta decay ($0νββ$) of the nucleus. Thus the discovery of $0νββ$ is extremely important for future particle physics. However, the present data on the neutrino oscillation is not sufficient to predict the value of $m_{ee}$ as well as the neutrino mass $m_ν^i$. In this short article, by adopting a simple and consistent Froggatt-Nielsen model, which can well explain the observed masses and mixing angles of quark and lepton sectors, we calculate the distribution of $m_{ee}$ and $m_ν^i$. Interestingly, a relatively large part of the preferred parameter space can be detected in the near future.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, published on PRD
Who says that professors don t work in the summer?
Creators: name: Perry, Megan
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2015

description: This resource is a single blog post created as part of the Day of Archaeology initiative. The Day of Archaeology project aimed to provide a window into the daily lives of archaeologists from all over the world. The project asked people working, studying or volunteering in the archaeological world to participate in a 'Day of Archaeology' each year by recording their day and sharing it through text, images or video on the Day of Archaeology blog.
The project asked anyone with a personal, professional or voluntary interest in archaeology to get involved, and help highlight the reasons why archaeology is vital to protect the past and inform our futures. The resulting Day of Archaeology project archive demonstrates the wide variety of work the archaeological profession undertakes day-to-day across the globe, and helps to raise public awareness of the relevance and importance of archaeology to the modern world.
The first ever Day of Archaeology was held in 2011 and, since then, the project had thousands of archaeologists take part in the event, from those working in the field through to specialists working in laboratories and behind computers. The last Day of Archaeology was on Friday 28th July 2017.
Particle acceleration by strong turbulence in solar flares: theory of spectrum evolution
Creators: name: Bykov, A. M.
name: Fleishman, G. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a nonlinear self-consistent model of the turbulent non-resonant particle acceleration in solar flares. We simulate temporal evolution of the spectra of charged particles accelerated by strong long-wavelength MHD turbulence taking into account back reaction of the accelerated particles on the turbulence. The main finding is that the nonlinear coupling of accelerated particles and MHD turbulence result in prominent evolution of the spectra of accelerated particles, which can be either soft-hard-soft or soft-hard-harder depending on the particle injection efficiency. Such evolution patterns are widely observed in hard X-ray and gamma-ray emission from solar flares.
description: ApJL in press
Internal tides and resonance
Creators: name: Wotherspoon, Simon
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis is a study of resonant internal tide motion. One common linear inviscid model represents the motion in terms of a two dimensional stream function satisfying a standard second order hyperbolic equation. This model is examined in detail and it is shown that existing solution techniques can be extended and unified with the classical theory of a single complex variable. This results in a number of new theoretical devices for the solution of the model, including c-conformal mapping - a mapping procedure that shares many of the traits of classical conformal mapping, and c-analytic continuation - a procedure for extending the domain of a solution analogous to standard analytic continuation. These techniques are applied to a study of the model on closed basins. A crucial distinction relating to the geometry of the corners of the basin is noted, and the importance of energy sources and sinks is recognized. The analysis is found both to support the conjectures of other researchers that the existence of resonant motion may be predicted through an analysis of the characteristic coordinates of the inviscid model, and to demonstrate that the inviscid model is an inadequate vehicle for the study of internal tides on basin topographies. A viscous form of the linear model is then discussed and a number of numerical solution techniques suitable for basin topographies are devised. The first of these is a straightforward application of standard collocation methods, but is found to be computationally expensive. A simpler, more efficient family of techniques based on the theory of c-analytic continuation is then derived. These methods are seen to be a natural extension of a Fourier series technique successfully employed by other authors. The predictions of the linear models are then compared with the results of laboratory experiments. Resonance effects are seen to play a major role in determining the motion of the fluid. However, the strongly resonant motions predicted by the linear models are not observed, and, in general, the agreement between model and data is poor. This is attributed to both the sensitivity of the problem and the difficulty associated with modelling the external forcing. The large amplitude strongly resonant motions predicted by the linear models prompt a study of nonlinear internal tide dynamics. A nonlinear model based on the Navier Stokes equations is considered, and numerical solutions are obtained via finite differences. These solutions show that for strongly resonant motion the \Rigid Lid\" approximation commonly imposed at the free surface is inadequate and must be replaced with a more accurate nonlinear boundary condition."
Welfare configuration : the East Asian NICs and OECD countries compared
Creators: name: Ye, Su-Ke
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis examines, comparatively, patterns of welfare provisions in the East Asian NICs (newly industrialising countries) and the OECD (the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries. It is based on the analysis of secondary data. The concept of 'the welfare state' is historically and culturally specific. It has been used for a half century, but such usage is inconsistent. Most analytical approaches to the development of 'the welfare state' do not capture the dynamics of the relationship between the state and civil society because the concept of 'the welfare state' is used in a static manner. If we wish to understand the development of welfare in the East Asian NICs a better analytic concept is that of 'welfare configuration'. It covers both the services provided by the state, and by various sectors of civil society. The study compares welfare configurations in the East Asian NICs and selected OECD countries with specific reference to education and child care provisions. Particular attention, is paid to historical developments and changing social, economic and cultural forces. Four models of welfare configurations are suggested, taking into consideration: (a) type of welfare (education, child care etc.); (b) changes in welfare provision over time; and (c) government policy. It is argued that different welfare configurations are a result of different relationships between the state and civil society. The low involvement of the state in welfare in the East Asian NICs in comparison with the OECD countries is a function of a weaker civil society and stronger state power in those countries. This differential strength of civil society is related to the historical development of these nations and their geopolitical location.
Quasinormal modes of the spherical bumblebee black holes with a global monopole
Creators: name: Lin, Rui-Hui
name: Jiang, Rui
name: Zhai, Xiang-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bumblebee model is an extension of the Einstein-Maxwell theory that allows for the spontaneous breaking of the Lorentz symmetry of the spacetime. In this paper, we study the quasinormal modes of the spherical black holes in this model that are characterized by a global monopole. We analyze the two cases with a vanishing cosmological constant or a negative one (the anti-de Sitter case). We find that the black holes are stable under the perturbation of a massless scalar field. However, both the Lorentz symmetry breaking and the global monopole have notable impacts on the evolution of the perturbation. The Lorentz symmetry breaking may prolong or shorten the decay of the perturbation according to the sign of the breaking parameter. The global monopole, on the other hand, has different effects depending on whether a nonzero cosmological constant presences: it reduces the damping of the perturbations for the case with a vanishing cosmological constant, but has little influence for the anti-de Sitter case.
description: accepted by Eur. Phys. J. C
First airing of conservators' new toy at the Royal Academy
Creators: name: White, Steve
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2015

description: This resource is a single blog post created as part of the Day of Archaeology initiative. The Day of Archaeology project aimed to provide a window into the daily lives of archaeologists from all over the world. The project asked people working, studying or volunteering in the archaeological world to participate in a 'Day of Archaeology' each year by recording their day and sharing it through text, images or video on the Day of Archaeology blog.
The project asked anyone with a personal, professional or voluntary interest in archaeology to get involved, and help highlight the reasons why archaeology is vital to protect the past and inform our futures. The resulting Day of Archaeology project archive demonstrates the wide variety of work the archaeological profession undertakes day-to-day across the globe, and helps to raise public awareness of the relevance and importance of archaeology to the modern world.
The first ever Day of Archaeology was held in 2011 and, since then, the project had thousands of archaeologists take part in the event, from those working in the field through to specialists working in laboratories and behind computers. The last Day of Archaeology was on Friday 28th July 2017.
An unstable superfluid Stewartson layer in a differentially rotating neutron star
Creators: name: Peralta, C.
name: Melatos, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental and numerical evidence is reviewed for the existence of a Stewartson layer in spherical Couette flow at small Ekman and Rossby numbers ($\Ek \lsim 10^{-3}$, $\Ro \lsim 10^{-2}$), the relevant hydrodynamic regime in the superfluid outer core of a neutron star. Numerical simulations of a superfluid Stewartson layer are presented for the first time, showing how the layer is disrupted by nonaxisymmetric instabilities. The unstable ranges of $\Ek$ and $\Ro$ are compared with estimates of these quantities in radio pulsars that exhibit glitches. It is found that glitching pulsars lie on the stable side of the instability boundary, allowing differential rotation to build up before a glitch.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Continuous gravitational waves from trapped magnetar ejecta and the connection to glitches and antiglitches
Creators: name: Yim, Garvin
name: Gao, Yong
name: Kang, Yacheng
name: Shao, Lijing
name: Xu, Renxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational waves from isolated sources have eluded detection so far. The upper limit of long-lasting continuous gravitational wave emission can now probe physically-motivated models with the most optimistic being strongly constrained. Naturally, one might want to relax the assumption of the gravitational wave being quasi-infinite in duration, leading to the idea of transient continuous gravitational waves. In this paper, we outline how to get transient continuous waves from magnetars (or strongly-magnetised neutron stars) that exhibit glitches and/or antiglitches and apply the model to magnetar SGR J1935+2154. The toy model hypothesizes that at a glitch or antiglitch, mass is ejected from the magnetar but becomes trapped on its outward journey through the magnetosphere. Depending on the height of the trapped ejecta and the magnetic inclination angle, we are able to reproduce both glitches and antiglitches from simple angular momentum arguments. The trapped ejecta causes the magnetar to precess leading to gravitational wave emission at once and twice the magnetar's spin frequency, for a duration equal to however long the ejecta is trapped for. We find that the gravitational waves are more detectable when the magnetar is: closer, rotating faster, or has larger glitches/antiglitches. The detectability also improves when the ejecta height and magnetic inclination angle have values near their critical values, though this requires more mass to be ejected to remain consistent with the observed glitch/antiglitch. We find it unlikely that gravitational waves will be detected from SGR J1935+2154 when using the trapped ejecta model.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, 1 appendix. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
On auxiliary fields and Lagrangians for relativistic wave equations
Creators: name: Sharapov, Alexey
name: Shcherbatov, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the problem of the existence of a Lagrangian for a given system of linear PDEs with constant coefficients. As a subtask, this involves bringing the system into a pre-Lagrangian form, wherein the number of equations matches the number of unknowns. We introduce a class of overdetermined systems, called co-flat, and show that they always admit a pre-Lagrangian form, which can be explicitly constructed using auxiliary variables. Moreover, we argue that such systems enjoy pre-Lagrangian formulations without auxiliary variables at all. As an application of our method, we construct new pre-Lagrangian and Lagrangian formulations for free massive fields of arbitrary integer spin. In contrast to the well-known models of Singh and Hagen, our Lagrangians involve much fewer auxiliary fields.
description: 17 pages; v2 - minor corrections, references added; v3 - journal version
Remains of the past for the future: politics of the present
Creators: name: Stevenson, Alice
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2015

description: This resource is a single blog post created as part of the Day of Archaeology initiative. The Day of Archaeology project aimed to provide a window into the daily lives of archaeologists from all over the world. The project asked people working, studying or volunteering in the archaeological world to participate in a 'Day of Archaeology' each year by recording their day and sharing it through text, images or video on the Day of Archaeology blog.
The project asked anyone with a personal, professional or voluntary interest in archaeology to get involved, and help highlight the reasons why archaeology is vital to protect the past and inform our futures. The resulting Day of Archaeology project archive demonstrates the wide variety of work the archaeological profession undertakes day-to-day across the globe, and helps to raise public awareness of the relevance and importance of archaeology to the modern world.
The first ever Day of Archaeology was held in 2011 and, since then, the project had thousands of archaeologists take part in the event, from those working in the field through to specialists working in laboratories and behind computers. The last Day of Archaeology was on Friday 28th July 2017.
Sensitivity in Nanomechanical Pedestal MEMS Cantilever
Creators: name: Rajak, Abhay K.
name: Dash, Ritambhara
name: Kumari, Ashwini
name: Bhattacharyya, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanomechanical resonator-based sensing devices are used in medical diagnostics based on their high-frequency dynamic behavior. Cantilevers fall into the category of Nanomechanical resonators. It also resembles a resonator whose shape is like that of a nanowire clamped at one end. As the surface-to-volume ratio of a nanowire resonator increases due to scaling down, surface stress plays a crucial role in the mechanical behavior of a resonator. Piezoresistive MEMS cantilevers are used for vapor phase analysis of volatile compounds and gas. Studies were done to address the mass sensitivity issues and fractures associated with bioceramic and nanocomposite coatings-based cantilever resonators. The studies show how the sensing performance can be determined or tuned. Nanomechanical studies of thin films of SiCN on silicon were performed. The sharpness of the tip was found to have an influence on the tip-sample conduction mechanism useful for MEMS applications
description: 16 pages, 6 Figures
Multiplicity of the Protostar Serpens SMM 1 Revealed by Millimeter Imaging
Creators: name: Choi, Minho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Serpens SMM 1 region was observed in the 6.9 mm continuum with an angular resolution of about 0.6 arcsec. Two sources were found to have steep positive spectra suggesting emission from dust. The stronger one, SMM 1a, is the driving source of the bipolar jet known previously, and the mass of the dense molecular gas traced by the millimeter continuum is about 8 solar mass. The newly found source, SMM 1b, positionally coincides with the brightest mid-IR source in this region, which implies that SMM 1b is yet another young stellar object. SMM 1b seems to be less deeply embedded than SMM 1a. SMM 1 is probably a protobinary system with a projected separation of 500 AU.
The role of Coulomb interaction on the electronic properties of monolayer NiX$_2$ (X = S, Se): A DFT+U+V study
Creators: name: Bravo, Sergio
name: Orellana, P. A.
name: Rosales, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic structure of Nickel dichalcogenides, NiS$_2$ and NiSe$_2$, in monolayer form, is studied employing first-principles methods. We assess the importance of band ordering, covalency and Coulomb interactions in the ground state of these systems. Hybrid functional results are compared with standard functionals and also with Hubbard-corrected functionals to systematically address the role of electronic interactions and localization. We found that mean-field correlation realized by intersite Hubbard interactions are directly linked to the magnitude of the energy band gap, giving compelling evidence for the presence of a charge transfer insulating phase in these materials.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures + Supplementary Material
Fly-Swat or Cannon? Cost-Effective Language Model Choice via Meta-Modeling
Creators: name: Šakota, Marija
name: Peyrard, Maxime
name: West, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generative language models (LMs) have become omnipresent across data science. For a wide variety of tasks, inputs can be phrased as natural language prompts for an LM, from whose output the solution can then be extracted. LM performance has consistently been increasing with model size - but so has the monetary cost of querying the ever larger models. Importantly, however, not all inputs are equally hard: some require larger LMs for obtaining a satisfactory solution, whereas for others smaller LMs suffice. Based on this fact, we design a framework for cost-effective language model choice, called "Fly-swat or cannon" (FORC). Given a set of inputs and a set of candidate LMs, FORC judiciously assigns each input to an LM predicted to do well on the input according to a so-called meta-model, aiming to achieve high overall performance at low cost. The cost-performance tradeoff can be flexibly tuned by the user. Options include, among others, maximizing total expected performance (or the number of processed inputs) while staying within a given cost budget, or minimizing total cost while processing all inputs. We evaluate FORC on 14 datasets covering five natural language tasks, using four candidate LMs of vastly different size and cost. With FORC, we match the performance of the largest available LM while achieving a cost reduction of 63%. Via our publicly available library, researchers as well as practitioners can thus save large amounts of money without sacrificing performance.
Log-periodic gravitational-wave background beyond Einstein gravity
Creators: name: Calcagni, Gianluca
name: Kuroyanagi, Sachiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Periodic patterns of logarithmic oscillations can arise in primordial curvature perturbation spectra and in the associated gravitational-wave background via different mechanisms. We show that, in the presence of log oscillations, the spectral shape of the stochastic background has a unique parametrization independent of its physical origin. We also show that this log-periodic modulation can be generated in any scenario beyond Einstein gravity endowed with an approximate discrete scale invariance, a symmetry typical of deterministic fractal spacetimes that could emerge in quantum gravity under certain conditions. We discuss how a log-oscillatory spectral shape arises from concrete inflationary models beyond Einstein gravity and the prospects for detection in Einstein Telescope and other next-generation gravitational-wave observatories. We find that these instruments will be sensitive to log-periodic features if the detection is made with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and that the error scales as $1/{\rm SNR}$.
description: 28 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. v2: section 3 reorganized and shortened, conclusions expanded, references added; v3: typos corrected
Air chamber design charts.
Creators: name: Galatiuk, William Robert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The air chamber has certain advantages over both the open-top surge tank and the valve-type surge suppressor for controlling pressure surges in pump-discharge lines. The main purpose of this study was to produce charts which can be used for designing or checking the size of an air chamber required for a particular pumping installation. The characteristics method was used to convert the two partial differential equations of momentum and continuity into four total differential equations. The solution of the equations (finite-difference form) was carried through by digital computer to provide the data required for the preparation of the charts. Results obtained on the digital computer by the method of characteristics are checked by the graphical method. Examples demonstrating the use of the charts are included.
Drawing Ancient Egyptian strange beings
Creators: name: , Kasia
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2015

description: This resource is a single blog post created as part of the Day of Archaeology initiative. The Day of Archaeology project aimed to provide a window into the daily lives of archaeologists from all over the world. The project asked people working, studying or volunteering in the archaeological world to participate in a 'Day of Archaeology' each year by recording their day and sharing it through text, images or video on the Day of Archaeology blog.
The project asked anyone with a personal, professional or voluntary interest in archaeology to get involved, and help highlight the reasons why archaeology is vital to protect the past and inform our futures. The resulting Day of Archaeology project archive demonstrates the wide variety of work the archaeological profession undertakes day-to-day across the globe, and helps to raise public awareness of the relevance and importance of archaeology to the modern world.
The first ever Day of Archaeology was held in 2011 and, since then, the project had thousands of archaeologists take part in the event, from those working in the field through to specialists working in laboratories and behind computers. The last Day of Archaeology was on Friday 28th July 2017.
Graphene Tunneling Transit-Time Terahertz Oscillator Based on Electrically Induced p-i-n Junction
Creators: name: Ryzhii, V.
name: Ryzhii, M.
name: Mitin, V.
name: Shur, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and analize a graphene tunneling transit time device based on a heterostructure with a lateral p-i-n junction electrically induced in the graphene layer by the applied gate voltages of different polarity. The depleted i-section of the graphene layer (between the gates) serves as both the tunneling injector and the transit region. Using the developed device model, we demonstrate that the ballistic transit of electrons and holes generated due to interband tunneling in the i-section results in the negative ac conductance in the terahertz frequency range, so that the device can serve as a terahertz oscillator.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Tunable topological magnon-polaron states and anomalous Hall phenomena in two-dimensional ferromagnetic insulators
Creators: name: Kløgetvedt, Jostein N.
name: Qaiumzadeh, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study magnon-polaron hybrid states, mediated by Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya and magnetoelastic interactions, in a two-dimensional ferromagnetic insulator. The magnetic system consists of both in-plane and flexural acoustic and optical phonon bands, as well as acoustic and optical magnon bands. Through manipulation of the ground-state magnetization direction using a magnetic field, we demonstrate the tunability of Chern numbers and (spin) Berry curvatures of magnon-polaron hybrid bands. This adjustment subsequently modifies two anomalous Hall responses of the system, namely, thermal Hall and spin Nernset signals. Notably, we find that by changing the magnetic field direction in particular directions, it is possible to completely suppress the thermal Hall signal while maintaining a finite spin Nernst signal. Our finding reveals the intricate interplay between topological and quantum geometrical phenomena and magnetic ordering, offering compelling avenues for on-demand control over emergent quantum states in condensed matter systems.
description: 9 pages + Appendices, 9 figures
Lindblad master equation approach to the dissipative quench dynamics of planar superconductors
Creators: name: Nava, Andrea
name: Perroni, Carmine Antonio
name: Egger, Reinhold
name: Lepori, Luca
name: Giuliano, Domenico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ the Lindblad master equation method to study the nonequilibrium dynamics following a parametric quench in the Hamiltonian of an open, two-dimensional superconducting system coupled to an external bath. Within our approach we show how, in the open system, the dissipation works as an effective stabilization mechanism in the time evolution of the system after the quench. Eventually, we evidence how the mismatch between the phases corresponding to the initial and to the final state of the system determines a dynamical phase transition between the two distinct phases. Our method allows for fully characterizing the dynamical phase transition in an open system in several cases of physical relevance, by means of a combined study of the time-dependent superconducting gap and of the fidelity between density matrices.
description: 16 pages, 7 .eps figures, to appear in Physical Review B
Karen Stewart: A day in the life of an archaeobotanist
Creators: name: White, Steve
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2015

description: This resource is a single blog post created as part of the Day of Archaeology initiative. The Day of Archaeology project aimed to provide a window into the daily lives of archaeologists from all over the world. The project asked people working, studying or volunteering in the archaeological world to participate in a 'Day of Archaeology' each year by recording their day and sharing it through text, images or video on the Day of Archaeology blog.
The project asked anyone with a personal, professional or voluntary interest in archaeology to get involved, and help highlight the reasons why archaeology is vital to protect the past and inform our futures. The resulting Day of Archaeology project archive demonstrates the wide variety of work the archaeological profession undertakes day-to-day across the globe, and helps to raise public awareness of the relevance and importance of archaeology to the modern world.
The first ever Day of Archaeology was held in 2011 and, since then, the project had thousands of archaeologists take part in the event, from those working in the field through to specialists working in laboratories and behind computers. The last Day of Archaeology was on Friday 28th July 2017.
Orbital Multiferroicity in Pentalayer Rhombohedral Graphene
Creators: name: Han, Tonghang
name: Lu, Zhengguang
name: Scuri, Giovanni
name: Sung, Jiho
name: Wang, Jue
name: Han, Tianyi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Fu, Liang
name: Park, Hongkun
name: Ju, Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ferroic orders describe spontaneous polarization of spin, charge, and lattice degrees of freedom in materials. Materials featuring multiple ferroic orders, known as multiferroics, play important roles in multi-functional electrical and magnetic device applications. 2D materials with honeycomb lattices offer exciting opportunities to engineer unconventional multiferroicity, where the ferroic orders are driven purely by the orbital degrees of freedom but not electron spin. These include ferro-valleytricity corresponding to the electron valley and ferro-orbital-magnetism supported by quantum geometric effects. Such orbital multiferroics could offer strong valley-magnetic couplings and large responses to external fields-enabling device applications such as multiple-state memory elements, and electric control of valley and magnetic states. Here we report orbital multiferroicity in pentalayer rhombohedral graphene using low temperature magneto-transport measurements. We observed anomalous Hall signals Rxy with an exceptionally large Hall angle (tanΘH > 0.6) and orbital magnetic hysteresis at hole doping. There are four such states with different valley polarizations and orbital magnetizations, forming a valley-magnetic quartet. By sweeping the gate electric field E we observed a butterfly-shaped hysteresis of Rxy connecting the quartet. This hysteresis indicates a ferro-valleytronic order that couples to the composite field E\cdot B, but not the individual fields. Tuning E would switch each ferroic order independently, and achieve non-volatile switching of them together. Our observations demonstrate a new type of multiferroics and point to electrically tunable ultra-low power valleytronic and magnetic devices.
Tales from the Stores
Creators: name: Alice_Forward
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2015

description: This resource is a single blog post created as part of the Day of Archaeology initiative. The Day of Archaeology project aimed to provide a window into the daily lives of archaeologists from all over the world. The project asked people working, studying or volunteering in the archaeological world to participate in a 'Day of Archaeology' each year by recording their day and sharing it through text, images or video on the Day of Archaeology blog.
The project asked anyone with a personal, professional or voluntary interest in archaeology to get involved, and help highlight the reasons why archaeology is vital to protect the past and inform our futures. The resulting Day of Archaeology project archive demonstrates the wide variety of work the archaeological profession undertakes day-to-day across the globe, and helps to raise public awareness of the relevance and importance of archaeology to the modern world.
The first ever Day of Archaeology was held in 2011 and, since then, the project had thousands of archaeologists take part in the event, from those working in the field through to specialists working in laboratories and behind computers. The last Day of Archaeology was on Friday 28th July 2017.
Elasto-plastic finite element analysis with special reference to reinforced concrete
Creators: name: Lau, John Hon-Shing
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A numerical procedure is presented for the solution of elasto-plastic problems by means of the finite element approach. The incremental constitutive relationship from the Prandtl-Reuss equation is used in conjunction with the Von Mises yield criterion, the continuum being divided into triangular elements. The Modified Newton-Raphson method is employed to solve the nonlinear incremental equilibrium equation. Numerical examples are studied and compared with the experimental and theoretical results in the literature. The finite element program is also extended to nonlinear stress analysis of reinforced concrete structures.
Ear Datasets - Longitudinal
Creators: name: Simukanga, Alinani
name: Etter, Lauren
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: ear identification
biometrics

description: Contains two zipped files of de-identified ear image datasets. "all_ears_left" contains left ear images from n=224 participants taken at various visits at Chawama Clinic in Lusaka, Zambia. "all_ears_right" contains right ear images from n=224 participants taken at various visits at Chawama Clinic in Lusaka, Zambia
Morning Coffee
Creators: name: Jacobs, James Q.
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2015

description: This resource is a single blog post created as part of the Day of Archaeology initiative. The Day of Archaeology project aimed to provide a window into the daily lives of archaeologists from all over the world. The project asked people working, studying or volunteering in the archaeological world to participate in a 'Day of Archaeology' each year by recording their day and sharing it through text, images or video on the Day of Archaeology blog.
The project asked anyone with a personal, professional or voluntary interest in archaeology to get involved, and help highlight the reasons why archaeology is vital to protect the past and inform our futures. The resulting Day of Archaeology project archive demonstrates the wide variety of work the archaeological profession undertakes day-to-day across the globe, and helps to raise public awareness of the relevance and importance of archaeology to the modern world.
The first ever Day of Archaeology was held in 2011 and, since then, the project had thousands of archaeologists take part in the event, from those working in the field through to specialists working in laboratories and behind computers. The last Day of Archaeology was on Friday 28th July 2017.
Validation of 5 angstrom molecular sieve thermal desorption tubes for passive sampling of nitrous oxide
Creators: name: Clark, Graham
name: Benchoff, Edward
name: Sharp, Jon
name: Whitaker, William
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: Background: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is used in many areas of medicine, and is the most commonly used inhalational anesthetic in dentistry (1). Current sampling options for N2O are limited and may not provide the sensitivity necessary to adequately characterize exposures, particularly those of short duration.  The purpose of this study was to validate the use of stainless steel thermal desorption (TD) tubes containing 5 angstrom (Å) molecular sieve sorbent for passive sampling of N2O during short exposures (30 minutes) of concentrations of up to 400 ppm.

Methods: The method validation will follow protocol set forth by OSHA for the development of industrial hygiene sampling and analytical methods.  A dynamic flow exposure chamber coupled with a Miller-Nelson HCS-501 flow, temperature, and humidity control system will create N2O concentrations ranging between 10 - 400 ppm and relative humidity of up to 80%.  Sampling time will be 30 minutes. Exposed tubes will be analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).  Specific tests will investigate the detection limit of the overall procedure, the reliable quantitation limit, sampling (uptake) rate and capacity, accuracy and precision, reverse diffusion, desorption efficiency, low humidity effects, and effects of storage.

Results: Molecular sieve 5Å sorbent does not hold N2O well in storage, and therefore should be analyzed as quickly as possible after sampling. Further data collection is pending for the remainder of tests.
Conclusion: It is predicted that 5Å molecular sieve TD tubes can meet the ±25% accuracy required by OSHA and National Institutes of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) with good precision. This would indicate that 5Å TD tubes could offer a potential alternative to direct reading instruments or conventional passive dosimeters.
On Temporal Variations of the Multi-TeV Cosmic Ray Anisotropy using the Tibet III Air Shower Array
Creators: name: Amenomori, M.
name: Bi, X. J.
name: Chen, D.
name: Cui, S. W.
name: Danzengluobu
name: Ding, L. K.
name: Ding, X. H.
name: Fan, C.
name: Feng, C. F.
name: Feng, Zhaoyang
name: Feng, Z. Y.
name: Gao, X. Y.
name: Geng, Q. X.
name: Gou, Q. B.
name: Guo, H. W.
name: He, H. H.
name: He, M.
name: Hibino, K.
name: Hotta, N.
name: Hu, Haibing
name: Hu, H. B.
name: Huang, J.
name: Huang, Q.
name: Jia, H. Y.
name: Jiang, L.
name: Kajino, F.
name: Kasahara, K.
name: Katayose, Y.
name: Kato, C.
name: Kawata, K.
name: Labaciren
name: Le, G. M.
name: Li, A. F.
name: Li, H. C.
name: Li, J. Y.
name: Liu, C.
name: Lou, Y. -Q.
name: Lu, H.
name: Meng, X. R.
name: Mizutani, K.
name: Mu, J.
name: Munakata, K.
name: Nagai, A.
name: Nanjo, H.
name: Nishizawa, M.
name: Ohnishi, M.
name: Ohta, I.
name: Ozawa, S.
name: Saito, T.
name: Saito, T. Y.
name: Sakata, M.
name: Sako, T. K.
name: Shibata, M.
name: Shiomi, A.
name: Shirai, T.
name: Sugimoto, H.
name: Takita, M.
name: Tan, Y. H.
name: Tateyama, N.
name: Torii, S.
name: Tsuchiya, H.
name: Udo, S.
name: Wang, B.
name: Wang, H.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Wang, Y. G.
name: Wu, H. R.
name: Xue, L.
name: Yamamoto, Y.
name: Yan, C. T.
name: Yang, X. C.
name: Yasue, S.
name: Ye, Z. H.
name: Yu, G. C.
name: Yuan, A. F.
name: Yuda, T.
name: Zhang, H. M.
name: Zhang, J. L.
name: Zhang, N. J.
name: Zhang, X. Y.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Zhang, Ying
name: Zhaxisangzhu
name: Zhou, X. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the large-scale two-dimensional sidereal anisotropy of multi-TeV cosmic rays by Tibet Air Shower Array, with the data taken from 1999 November to 2008 December. To explore temporal variations of the anisotropy, the data set is divided into nine intervals, each in a time span of about one year. The sidereal anisotropy of magnitude about 0.1% appears fairly stable from year to year over the entire observation period of nine years. This indicates that the anisotropy of TeV Galactic cosmic rays remains insensitive to solar activities since the observation period covers more than a half of the 23rd solar cycle.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures, accepted by The Astrophysical Journal
Dead bodies, texts and reviews: a day in the life of a theoretical archaeologist and a body person
Creators: name: Ion, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2015

description: This resource is a single blog post created as part of the Day of Archaeology initiative. The Day of Archaeology project aimed to provide a window into the daily lives of archaeologists from all over the world. The project asked people working, studying or volunteering in the archaeological world to participate in a 'Day of Archaeology' each year by recording their day and sharing it through text, images or video on the Day of Archaeology blog.
The project asked anyone with a personal, professional or voluntary interest in archaeology to get involved, and help highlight the reasons why archaeology is vital to protect the past and inform our futures. The resulting Day of Archaeology project archive demonstrates the wide variety of work the archaeological profession undertakes day-to-day across the globe, and helps to raise public awareness of the relevance and importance of archaeology to the modern world.
The first ever Day of Archaeology was held in 2011 and, since then, the project had thousands of archaeologists take part in the event, from those working in the field through to specialists working in laboratories and behind computers. The last Day of Archaeology was on Friday 28th July 2017.
Medieval Priories, Medieval Stones, Historic Photos, and Deep Dreaming
Creators: name: Goskar, Tom
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2015

description: This resource is a single blog post created as part of the Day of Archaeology initiative. The Day of Archaeology project aimed to provide a window into the daily lives of archaeologists from all over the world. The project asked people working, studying or volunteering in the archaeological world to participate in a 'Day of Archaeology' each year by recording their day and sharing it through text, images or video on the Day of Archaeology blog.
The project asked anyone with a personal, professional or voluntary interest in archaeology to get involved, and help highlight the reasons why archaeology is vital to protect the past and inform our futures. The resulting Day of Archaeology project archive demonstrates the wide variety of work the archaeological profession undertakes day-to-day across the globe, and helps to raise public awareness of the relevance and importance of archaeology to the modern world.
The first ever Day of Archaeology was held in 2011 and, since then, the project had thousands of archaeologists take part in the event, from those working in the field through to specialists working in laboratories and behind computers. The last Day of Archaeology was on Friday 28th July 2017.
Excavation Inside
Creators: name: Colchester Archaeological Research Team
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2015

description: This resource is a single blog post created as part of the Day of Archaeology initiative. The Day of Archaeology project aimed to provide a window into the daily lives of archaeologists from all over the world. The project asked people working, studying or volunteering in the archaeological world to participate in a 'Day of Archaeology' each year by recording their day and sharing it through text, images or video on the Day of Archaeology blog.
The project asked anyone with a personal, professional or voluntary interest in archaeology to get involved, and help highlight the reasons why archaeology is vital to protect the past and inform our futures. The resulting Day of Archaeology project archive demonstrates the wide variety of work the archaeological profession undertakes day-to-day across the globe, and helps to raise public awareness of the relevance and importance of archaeology to the modern world.
The first ever Day of Archaeology was held in 2011 and, since then, the project had thousands of archaeologists take part in the event, from those working in the field through to specialists working in laboratories and behind computers. The last Day of Archaeology was on Friday 28th July 2017.