cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantum Brownian motion and the Third Law of thermodynamics
Creators: name: Hänggi, Peter
name: Ingold, Gert-Ludwig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum thermodynamic behavior of small systems is investigated in presence of finite quantum dissipation. We consider the archetype cases of a damped harmonic oscillator and a free quantum Brownian particle. A main finding is that quantum dissipation helps to ensure the validity of the Third Law. For the quantum oscillator, finite damping replaces the zero-coupling result of an exponential suppression of the specific heat at low temperatures by a power-law behavior. Rather intriguing is the behavior of the free quantum Brownian particle. In this case, quantum dissipation is able to restore the Third Law: Instead of being constant down to zero temperature, the specific heat now vanishes proportional to temperature with an amplitude that is inversely proportional to the ohmic dissipation strength. A distinct subtlety of finite quantum dissipation is the result that the various thermodynamic functions of the sub-system do not only depend on the dissipation strength but depend as well on the prescription employed in their definition.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure, requires appolb.cls (included)
Building a Food Security and Policy Information Portal for Africa (FSIP)
Creators: name: Dione, Josue
name: Kagwanja, Joan
name: Weber, Michael T.
name: Staatz, John M.
name: Kelly, Valerie A.
name: Dione, Josue
name: Kagwanja, Joan
name: Weber, Michael T.
name: Staatz, John M.
name: Kelly, Valerie A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: Getting the food and agriculture system moving faster is crucial for structural transformation and poverty reduction in Africa. This requires investing in basic productive and market infrastructure, and expanding appropriate research, knowledge, and technology for increased productivity at all stages of the agricultural commodity chains. The advent of the World Wide Web and steady reductions in the cost and increases in the speed of Internet services in Africa are changing the way we must think about the development, storage, and dissemination of policy analysis and training materials, which are crucial inputs for agricultural development. Yet, much remains to be done to harness these information communication technology tools more effectively to help achieve African development goals in agricultural sciences, food security, and policy reform (UNECA/DISD). Our paper identifies opportunities and constraints facing a program being undertaken by the UNECA, several regional African policy research networks, and MSU to: (1) improve the skills of African technical and social scientists to use more effectively the wealth of scientific knowledge and experience currently available on the Internet to carry out applied policy research, outreach and training; and (2) make the work of Africans more visible to others, thereby fostering south-north and south-south learning. The paper discusses a collaborative internet-based tool being developed to achieve these objectives. The Food Security and Food Policy Information Portal for Africa gives researchers and policy makers a one-stop and multi-language location for: (a) easily accessing key data and analyses on food security and food policy for every country in Africa; (b) sharing their own work with colleagues across the world; (c) finding training materials on more effective use of the ICT, and on improved applied research and policy analysis methods, and; (d) spotlighting experiences on how to improve the effective.
Observable Proton Decay in Flipped SU(5)
Creators: name: Mehmood, Maria
name: Rehman, Mansoor Ur
name: Shafi, Qaisar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore proton decay in a class of realistic supersymmetric flipped $SU(5)$ models supplemented by a $U(1)_R$ symmetry which plays an essential role in implementing hybrid inflation. Two distinct neutrino mass models, based on inverse seesaw and type I seesaw, are identified, with the latter arising from the breaking of $U(1)_R$ by nonrenormalizable superpotential terms. Depending on the neutrino mass model an appropriate set of intermediate scale color triplets from the Higgs superfields play a key role in proton decay channels that include $p \rightarrow (e^{+},μ^+)\, π^0$, $p \rightarrow ( e^+,μ^{+})\, K^0 $, $p \rightarrow \overlineν\, π^{+}$, and $p \rightarrow \overlineν\, K^+ $. We identify regions of the parameter space that yield proton lifetime estimates which are testable at Hyper-Kamiokande and other next generation experiments. We discuss how gauge coupling unification in the presence of intermediate scale particles is realized, and a $Z_4$ symmetry is utilized to show how such intermediate scales can arise in flipped $SU(5)$. Finally, we compare our predictions for proton decay with previous work based on $SU(5)$ and flipped $SU(5)$.
description: 31 pages, 8 figures, JHEP published version [the analysis of second neutrino mass model has been corrected with few other minor changes]
Probing UHECR production in Centaurus A using secondary neutrinos and gamma-rays
Creators: name: de Oliveira, Cainã
name: de Souza, Vitor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, the production of neutrinos and photons by ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) interacting with the extragalactic background radiation is studied. Centaurus A is assumed as the prime source of UHECR and the possibility to identify this source by detecting the secondary neutrinos and photons produced in the propagation of UHECR is investigated. Fifteen astrophysical models regarding three extragalactic magnetic fields (EGMF) and five composition abundances are simulated. The flux and arrival direction of neutrinos and photons are investigated. It is shown that the detection of a signal from Cen A with statistical significance is achievable by current observatories in a few years and by proposed experiments in the near future. The dependence of the results on the models is also presented.
description: 32 pages, 12 figures
Dynamics with Low-Level Fractionality
Creators: name: Tarasov, Vasily E.
name: Zaslavsky, George M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The notion of fractional dynamics is related to equations of motion with one or a few terms with derivatives of a fractional order. This type of equation appears in the description of chaotic dynamics, wave propagation in fractal media, and field theory. For the fractional linear oscillator the physical meaning of the derivative of order $α<2$ is dissipation. In systems with many spacially coupled elements (oscillators) the fractional derivative, along the space coordinate, corresponds to a long range interaction. We discuss a method of constructing a solution using an expansion in $ε=n-α$ with small $ε$ and positive integer $n$. The method is applied to the fractional linear and nonlinear oscillators and to fractional Ginzburg-Landau or parabolic equations.
description: LaTeX, 24 pages, to be published in Physica A
Input production joint venture
Creators: name: Rossini, Gianpaolo
name: Vergari, Cecilia
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2009
Subjects: SECS-P/02 Politica economica

description: In many industries it is quite common to observe firms delegating the production of essential inputs to independent ventures jointly established with competing rivals. The diffusion of this arrangement and the favourable stance of competition authorities call for the assessment of the social and private desirability of Input Production Joint Ventures (IPJV), which represent a form of input production cooperation, not investigated
so far. IPJV can be seen as an intermediate organizational setting lying between the two extremes of vertical integration and vertical separation.
Our investigation is based on an oligopoly model with horizontally differentiated goods. We characterize the conditions under which IPJV is privately optimal finding that firms’ incentives may be welfare detrimental.
We also provide a rationale for the empirical relevance of IPJV both in terms of its ability to survive and in terms of disengagement incentives.
Oligopoly with Hyperbolic Demand and Capital Accumulation
Creators: name: Lambertini, Luca
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2009
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: A dynamic approach is proposed for the analysis of the Cournot oligopoly game with hyperbolic demand, showing that the adoption of capital accumulation dynamics either `a la Solow-Swan or `a la Ramsey eliminate the indeterminacy problem characterising the static model when marginal costs are nil. It is proved that the steady state equilibria produced by both models are stable in the saddle point sense. Finally, it is also shown that the solutions of the corresponding feedback problems share analogous properties, although they cannot be fully characterised from an analytical standpoint.
Breaking the "Fertilizer Poverty" and Food Insecurity Traps in Smallholder Maize Based Farming System in Southern Africa: Experiences and Lessons from Soil Fertility Network/Economics and Policy Working Group (EPWG)
Creators: name: Mekuria, Mulugetta
name: Waddington, Stephen R.
name: Siziba, Shephard
name: Mekuria, Mulugetta
name: Waddington, Stephen R.
name: Siziba, Shephard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Policy briefs
subject: Policy analysis matrix
subject: markets
subject: cropping systems
subject: legumes
subject: N fertilizer

description: Smallholder farmers in southern Africa face acute food insecurity because the productive capacity of their soils has declined. These resource-poor farmers increasingly cannot afford mineral fertilizers Farmers mentioned the lack of fertilizers for their depleted soils as the most important constraint- "Empty Soils, stomachs and pockets." In response to this challenge, Soil Fert Net researchers in southern Africa have developed and promoted a range of "best-bet" soil fertility management technological (SFMT) options for farmers. This paper presents a review of financial, adoption, institutional and policy analysis undertaken by EPWG members on the use of SFMT by smallholders. Financial and risk analysis tools, selected econometric models and policy analysis matrix were employed to measure profitability, incidence and intensity of adoption and to understand the effects of policy instruments necessary to promote SFMTs. Financial analysis of "best bets" indicates that (even with current unfavorable input and output prices) there are positive payoffs to investing in SFMTs. Adoption studies in Malawi, Zimbabwe, Zambia and Mozambique revealed that farmers need to make a significant initial investment in terms of labor, land and capital before they start to obtain benefits. SFMTs are also management and information intensive and farmers' limited skills and knowledge are critical factors influencing adoption. Profitability and subsequent adoption decisions are sensitive to changes in maize grain price, crop yield and the cost of borrowing capital. The study recommend institutional and policy support and advocacy for better access to credit, input availability, market linkages to scale up the diffusion and promotion of SFMTs.
Class elicitation session
Creators: name: Baclawski, Kenneth
name: Hong Man Leung, Herman
name: Lamoureux, Spencer
name: Michael, Lev
name: O'Hagan, Zachary James
name: Otaegui, Alfonso
name: Rolle, Nicholas Revett
name: Russell, Kamala Rose
name: Sande, Hannah Leigh
name: Schinzel, Eva
name: Skilton, Amalia Horan
name: Zapana Almanza, Hector
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2016
Subjects: Aymara language

description: Lexical elicitation (fauna), copular constructions, negation, numerals, greetings and polite expressions, wh-pronouns, expressions of quotidian activities
Priorities and Preconditions for Successful Investment in Smallholder Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Poulton, Colin
name: Dorward, Andrew
name: Jowett, A.
name: Peacock, C.
name: Urey, Ian
name: Poulton, Colin
name: Dorward, Andrew
name: Jowett, A.
name: Peacock, C.
name: Urey, Ian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: International Development

description: In the past couple of years, there has been resurgence in interest in smallholder agriculture as a potential driver for growth and poverty reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, there remains considerable skepticism as to whether public investment in smallholder agriculture will lead to the desired growth and poverty reduction, given a general pessimism about "absorptive capacity" for (public) investment in Africa, the perception of failure of past agricultural investment and the observation that current conditions are unconducive to agricultural growth in Africa. This paper combines experiences of two UK-based NGOs dedicated to promoting smallholder agriculture and strengthening rural livelihoods in Africa with insights from academic literature on African agriculture and rural markets to set out an agenda for investment in smallholder agriculture in Africa. It identifies priorities for public investment, but also key issues related to "absorptive capacity" that need to be addressed if such investment is to succeed in generating agricultural growth and poverty reduction. Particular emphasis is placed on: a) investment in human and organisational capacity of smallholder farmers; b) investment in coordinated service provision to equip producers to respond to evolving market opportunities; c) the process of developing and implementing credible agricultural development strategies at both national and local level, and; d) reform of Ministries of Agriculture to support this process.
Manual técnico de conservación y restauración de ríos y riberas
Creators: name: Camprodon, Jordi
name: Guardis, Pol
name: Ordeix, Marc
Publisher: name: CTFC
Year: 2023
Subjects: rivers
riparian vegetation
river forest
aquatic environment
riverbed
underground water
riparian area
fluvial area
river ecosystem

description: La vegetación de ribera siempre se ha entendido como un sistema lineal que recorre un curso de agua. Sin embargo, cuando la orografía, la dinámica hidráulica y los usos del suelo lo permiten, esta vegetación se extiende más allá de la galería que circunda las orillas de los ríos y torrentes, ampliándose hacia las llanuras aluviales inundables. Y, precisamente, en las llanuras aluviales es donde los bosques de ribera despliegan todo su esplendor y exuberancia; donde desarrollan hasta su máxima expresión las funciones ecológicas múltiples que ofrecen, la riquísima biodiversidad que atesoran y su belleza paisajística particular, que los convierte en uno de los entornos más apreciados por los humanos.
La región mediterránea aglutina una gran diversidad de bosques de ribera, desde las alisedas de cabecera a las alisedas, saucedas y alamedas de los terrenos aluviales, donde los cursos de agua tienen menos pendiente. Aunque las riberas están bastante bien preservadas en las cabeceras forestadas de montaña, estos ecosistemas se muestran, en general, alterados e intensamente fragmentados en valles y llanuras; hasta el punto de que se calcula que más del 80 % de los bosques de ribera de las llanuras aluviales europeas han desaparecido.
The Food Security Equation: What is the Role of Gender and Social Amenities in this Paradigm? A Focus on Rural Households in Yala division, Siaya district, Kenya.
Creators: name: Oluoch-Kosura, Willis
name: Otieno, David Jakinda
name: Marenya, Paswel Phiri
name: Oluoch-Kosura, Willis
name: Otieno, David Jakinda
name: Marenya, Paswel Phiri
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: Food security remains a key challenge to the development efforts of most poor nations. This study investigated the significance of gender (denoted by number of male, female and children in a household) and social amenities in the food security equation. Frequency of food-related illnesses in a household was used as proxy for food security situation, while the entitlement/food utilization side of the equation was represented by the number of male and female children in the household, main source of domestic water, distance to nearest health center, means of transport accessible, household sanitation and level of awareness on basic food preparation and handling methods. Both descriptive and econometric models were used for analysis of primary data from a random sample of 100 farm-households in Yala division, Siaya district of Kenya. This study was conducted in February 2004. Results of this study indicated that majority (74%) of the rural households were experiencing poor food utilization, and were thus generally food insecure. The study also revealed that gender and social amenities were significant in the food security equation. Specifically, there was high correlation between food-related illnesses and use of untapped water, more male children than females in a household, long distance to health centers, lack of quick means of transport, unsafe food disposal and poor food storage habits. In order to improve the food utilization and thereby security for the rural farm-households, the study recommends improvement in the provision of social amenities for both male and female household members equitably.
Performance of African Agricultural Exports and External Market Access Conditions under International Trade Reforms
Creators: name: Nyangito, Hezron Omare
name: Nyangito, Hezron Omare
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Sub Saharan African agriculture is currently facing challenges in international trade with respect to external market access conditions and competition in world markets as a result of trade liberalization efforts under the world trade organization (WTO) agreements and in particular the agreement on agriculture (AoA). This paper presents the performance of agricultural exports for selected countries and indicates external market barriers faced and the resulting implications of the barriers on WTO Doha Development Agenda (DDA) negotiations. The composition of agricultural exports and markets shows that exports from Sub Saharan Africa are less diversified with only five commodities mainly coffee, cocoa, cotton, hides and skins, and horticultural crops dominating in most countries. Markets are also concentrated on only a few countries with the European Union being a major market although intra Africa trade has increased in recent years because of regional integration efforts. Important external market access barriers faced are tariff peaks and escalation particularly for agro-processed and livestock products in developed countries and non tariff barriers particularly sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) and technical barriers to trade (TBTs) measures, safeguard and anti-dumping measures, and domestic and export subsidies on agricultural products for developed countries. The performance of agricultural exports from Sub Saharan Africa based on production and value for the period 1990 to 2000 shows mixed trends across countries and commodities. In general, there has been an increase in production and exports of non-traditional commodities but exports of traditional exports for some countries show an increasing trend while for others they have stagnated or even declined due to declining world market prices and domestic marketing problems. In conclusion, the future of increased exports from Sub Saharan Africa countries lies in value adding for traditional commodities and diversification to non-traditional products such as flowers, fruits and, fish and fish products. Thus, tariff escalation and peaks for agro-processed products and NBTs such as SPS and TBT are important issues to be focused on during multilateral trade negotiations, as they are major barriers to increasing exports from Sub Saharan Africa. Domestic and export subsidies in developed countries are also of concern because they reduce the competitiveness of products from Sub Saharan Africa by depressing world market prices besides making it difficult for these countries to diversify their agriculture.
Make vs Buy in a Monopoly with Demand or Cost Uncertainty
Creators: name: Lambertini, Luca
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2009
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: The issue of technical progress under uncertainty is nested into the debate on vertical integration vs outsourcing, to show that, in general, the former
is preferable to the latter in terms of both expected profits and technological efficiency. It is then shown that there exist (i) an optimal two part tariff
where the unit price set by the upstream firm is conditional upon its R&D effort, and (ii) an optimal contract specifying the input price in terms of the
initial capabilities of the sub-contractor, whereby the industry replicates the same performance as the vertically integrated firm as for both profits and
R&D efforts.
Little Technicolor
Creators: name: Thaler, Jesse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by the AdS/CFT correspondence, we show that any G/H symmetry breaking pattern can be described by a simple two-site moose diagram. This construction trivially reproduces the CCWZ prescription in the context of Hidden Local Symmetry. We interpret this moose in a novel way to show that many little Higgs theories can emerge from ordinary chiral symmetry breaking in scaled-up QCD. We apply this reasoning to the simple group little Higgs to see that the same low energy degrees of freedom can arise from a variety of UV complete theories. We also show how models of holographic composite Higgs bosons can turn into brane-localized little technicolor theories by "integrating in" the IR brane.
description: 26 pages, 2 figures; v2: references added; v3: added section on vacuum alignment to match JHEP version
Logarithmic corrections to black hole entropy in matter coupled $\mathcal{N} \geq 1$ Einstein-Maxwell supergravity
Creators: name: Karan, Sudip
name: Panda, Binata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the first three Seeley-DeWitt coefficients for fluctuation of the massless fields of an $\mathcal{N}=2$ Einstein-Maxwell supergravity theory (EMSGT) distributed into different multiplets in $d=4$ space-time dimensions. By utilizing the Seeley-DeWitt data in the quantum entropy function formalism, we then obtain the logarithmic correction contribution of individual multiplets to the entropy of extremal Kerr-Newman family of black holes. Our results allow us to find the logarithmic entropy corrections for the extremal black holes in a fully matter coupled $\mathcal{N}=2,d=4$ EMSGT, in a particular class of $\mathcal{N}=1,d=4$ EMSGT as consistent decomposition of $\mathcal{N}=2$ multiplets ($\mathcal{N}=2 \to \mathcal{N}=1$) and in $\mathcal{N} \geq 3,d=4$ EMSGTs by decomposing them into $\mathcal{N}=2$ multiplets ($\mathcal{N} \geq 3 \to \mathcal{N}=2$). For completeness, we also obtain logarithmic entropy correction results for the non-extremal Kerr-Newman black holes in the matter coupled $\mathcal{N} \geq 1,d=4$ EMSGTs by employing the same Seeley-DeWitt data into a different Euclidean gravity approach developed in arXiv:1205.0971.
description: V2: Version published in Journal of High Energy Physics
Expanding the Frontiers of Agricultural Economics to Meet the Future Challenges of Agricultural Development
Creators: name: Kirsten, Johann F.
name: Kirsten, Johann F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
International Development
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: In this paper I challenge the theoretical building blocks of agricultural economics and then provide some indication of how the discipline has rectified some of its shortcomings. The introduction of the New Institutional Economics into our discipline has been a major improvement. I have then argued that the challenges facing our profession are so huge that we need to think about further adaptation by making more use of other social sciences such as sociology and anthropology. This could help us understand the major complexities of dealing with the challenge of black economic empowerment in agriculture. This will however, also be necessary for us to adjust our research paradigm. This argument is well articulated by Doyer and Van Rooyen (2001) when they motivated a research method to study agribusiness supply chains. The challenges highlighted that for agricultural economic analysis to capture complex business reality and decisions to explain and predict the institutional and governance structures and optimal resource allocation behaviour of firms, approaches to research that combines positivist and constructivist are the most sensible. The combination of these approaches enables a holistic approach to the research problem. Positivism's strong explanatory and prediction capabilities are combined with the strong understanding and reconstructive capabilities of the constructivist approach. Throughout this process, qualitative and quantitative data can be used in combination. Since our research work also needs to focus more on structural and institutional issues it seems quite evident that we have to adopt a more eclectic research approach making much more use of case studies. The skills from the other social sciences will desperately be required here to advance our discipline into previously untreated terrain. This is necessary to make sure we make the important contribution to the task of building Africa's Agriculture.
A Possible Modified "bottom-up" Thermalization in Heavy Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Mueller, A. H.
name: Shoshi, A. I.
name: Wong, S. M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a possible scaling solution to pre-equilibrium evolution which interpolates between the instability present in the dense gluon system produced immediately after a heavy ion collision and the final equilibration which occurs later. Our solution depends on a single parameter $δ$. Depending on the value of $δ$, our proposed solution matches onto the bottom-up picture either at an intermediate stage or toward the end of the evolution given by bottom-up. We discuss in detail the reasons why we believe our solution is self-consistent, and we also point out why it is difficult to actually prove consistency.
description: 9 pages, some very minor changes
The role of gas fraction and feedback in the stability and evolution of galactic discs: implications for cosmological galaxy formation models
Creators: name: Fensch, Jérémy
name: Bournaud, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-redshift star-forming galaxies often have irregular morphologies with {\it giant clumps} containing up to $10^{8-9}$ solar masses of gas and stars. The origin and evolution of giant clumps are debated both theoretically and observationally. In most cosmological simulations, high-redshift galaxies have regular spiral structures or short-lived clumps, in contradiction with many idealised high-redshift disc models. Here we test whether this discrepancy can be explained by the low gas fractions of galaxies in cosmological simulations. We present a series of simulations with varying gas fractions, from 25\%, typical of galaxies in most cosmological simulations, to 50\%, typical of observed galaxies at 1.5 < z < 3. We find that gas-poor models have short-lived clumps, that are unbound and mostly destroyed by galactic shear, even with weak stellar feedback. In contrast, gas-rich models form long-lived clumps even with boosted stellar feedback. This shows that the gas mass fraction is the primary physical parameter driving violent disc instabilities and the evolution of giant clumps on $\sim$10$^8$~yr timescales, with lower impact from the calibration of the stellar feedback. Many cosmological simulations of galaxy formation have relatively gas-poor galactic discs, which could explain why giant clumps are absent or short-lived in such models. Similar baryonic and dark matter mass distribution could produce clumpy galaxies with long-lived clumps at $z\sim2$ if the gas fraction was in better agreement with observations.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
The Response of Private Consumption to Different Public Spending Categories: VAR Evidence from UK
Creators: name: Marattin, Luigi
name: Salotti, Simone
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2009
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: This paper performs a Structural VAR analysis on UK economy using quarterly non-interpolated data from 1981 to 2005 in the attempt to verify and quantify private consumption’s response to different components of public expenditure (government consumption, social spending and wage component). Our findings suggest that any empirical support of competing theoretical models on the issue would probably benefit from a disaggregation of government expenditure, rather than focusing on the aggregate measure. In fact, while shocks to pure government consumption trigger a RBC-like reduction in private consumption, shocks to the non-systematic component of social spending generate positive reaction, in line with the “credit-constrained-agents” approach. The cumulative impact on GDP after three years of a government spending shock (close to a negative 1% of GDP) is twice as much the social spending shock, with opposite sign. Government wage shocks do not seem to have any significant effects on private consumption. Public expenditure composition, rather than level, seems to be actually playing the most crucial role when it comes to aggregate demand support via effects on private consumption.
Household Water Coping Behaviour and Costs in the Volta Basin of Ghana
Creators: name: Osei-Asare, Yaw Bonsu
name: Osei-Asare, Yaw Bonsu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Ghana is abundant in water resources but frequently experiences seasonal and periodic water scarcities. Households therefore adopt coping strategies and various activities to ensure continuous flow of adequate safe water at the household level. These strategies involve opportunity costs and some amount of financial outlay. Using revealed preference data for 20 randomly selected rural communities in the Volta basin of Ghana this paper employs the coping costs approach to derive the costs of coping with water insecurity. Explicit costs in the form of investments in water storage facilities and costs of water treatment are estimated. Implicit costs (opportunity cost of time) associated with water collection, which varies by season and ecological zone, is valued using the average basic hourly wage of rural women engaged in agriculture. The results of the study show that costs of coping with water insecurity are higher in the dry season and for forest ecology households. The often-stated claim that rural households cannot and should not pay for the full cost of water delivery is not supported by this study. The paper concludes that rural consumers are paying at least as much as their urban consumers for unimproved water. Hence, this paper is of the view that rural consumers have the ability to pay for improved water but may not be willing to do so probably due to their perceptions and attitudes concerning the public good nature and benefits of improved water supply.
NFFA-Europe Pilot - D16.4 - Report on additional data services
Creators: name: Aversa, Rossella
name: Blumenröhr, Nicolas
name: Recchia, Andrea
name: tsibidis, george
name: Pantazis, Yannis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This document describes the new data services developed within NFFA Europe Pilot, extending the list of data services provided in Deliverable D16.2 at Month 18. Some of these services will be provided as Virtual Access at Month 31 or at Month 37, according to the schedule agreed in the proposal.
description: WP16 - JA6 – Implementing FAIR data approach within NEP
Competitive Strategy through Innovative Partnerships at the Regional Level: The Case of Tomatoes and Soybean Value Chains in Northern Togo.
Creators: name: Maatman, A.
name: Konlambigue, Abdou
name: Yatombo, T.
name: Maatman, A.
name: Konlambigue, Abdou
name: Yatombo, T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Agricultural intensification is widely seen as a condition sine-qua-non for overall economic growth and food security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Though attention is shifting from technology development to more market-oriented approaches, the best examples of agricultural intensification seem to happen relatively independent of interventions from the development circuit. This paper argues that agricultural intensification and market development may be stimulated through grassroots and regional-level efforts when care is taken not to substitute for responsibilities that belong to farmers, traders, and other stakeholders themselves. An approach is required that carefully addresses the factors influencing the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises. A major role of facilitating institutions may be to develop efficient relationships between farmers - and their complex multi-purpose farming systems and traders and processors - engaged in commodity specific trade and processing market segments. Finally, competitiveness is not something to win for today it crucially depends on innovation and continuous learning. The paper present cases from Northern Togo, where effective linkages have been established between farmers, traders, processors and rural bankers and NGOs. The paper concentrate on three cases: tomato production and marketing, soy bean processing, and the development of credit structures and interlocked contracts for input provisioning. The article is based on qualitative data interviews with the major stakeholders, and accounts in progress reports from the NGOs and farmer organizations. In conclusion, it gives some observations on the major lessons learnt, and the contribution that social scientists can make to strengthen dialogue between theory and practice.
Experimental verification of the key properties of a three-dimensional isotropic transmission line based superlens
Creators: name: Alitalo, Pekka
name: Maslovski, Stanislav
name: Tretyakov, Sergei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Design and experimental realization of a three-dimensional superlens based on LC-loaded transmission lines are presented. Commercially available components and materials are used in the design. Transmission properties of the designed structure are studied experimentally and the observed lens properties are compared with analytical predictions. Backward-wave propagation and amplification of evanescent waves in the prototype structure are verified both analytically and experimentally.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
Who Changed Delhi's Air? The Roles of the Court and the Executive in Environmental Policymaking
Creators: name: Narain, Urvashi
name: Bell, Ruth Greenspan
name: Narain, Urvashi
name: Bell, Ruth Greenspan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: air quality
subject: Supreme Court
subject: compressed natural gas
subject: Delhi

description: Although there is general public approval of the improvements in Delhi's air quality in the recent years, the process by which this change was brought about has been criticized. A common perception is that air quality policies were prescribed by the Supreme Court, and not by an institution with the mandate for making environmental policy. A careful review of the policy process in Delhi suggests otherwise. We find that the government was intimately involved in policymaking and that the main role of the Supreme Court was to force the government to implement previously announced policies. A good understanding of what happened is essential, as the Delhi experience for instituting change has become a model for other Indian cities as well as neighboring countries.
Multipath wave-particle duality with a path detector in a quantum superposition
Creators: name: Siddiqui, Mohd Asad
name: Qureshi, Tabish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to Bohr's principle of complementarity, a quanton can behave either as a wave or a particle, depending on the choice of the experimental setup. Some recent two-path interference experiments have devised methods where one can have a quantum superposition of the two choices, thus indicating that a quanton may be in a superposition of wave and particle nature. These experiments have been of interest from the point of view of Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment. However, it has also been claimed that this experiment can violate complementarity. Here we theoretically analyze a multipath interference experiment that has a which-path detector in a quantum superposition of being present and absent. We show that a tight multipath wave-particle duality relation is respected in all such situations, and complementarity holds well. The apparent violation of complementarity may be due to incorrect evaluation of path distinguishability in such scenarios.
description: 6+epsilon pages, 2 figures, published version
Fundamental bounds on the precision of classical phase microscopes
Creators: name: Bouchet, Dorian
name: Dong, Jonathan
name: Maestre, Dante
name: Juffmann, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A wide variety of imaging systems have been designed to measure phase variations, with applications from physics to biology and medicine. In this work, we theoretically compare the precision of phase estimations achievable with classical phase microscopy techniques, operated at the shot-noise limit. We show how the Cramér-Rao bound is calculated for any linear optical system, including phase-contrast microscopy, phase-shifting holography, spatial light interference microscopy, and local optimization of wavefronts for phase imaging. Through these examples, we demonstrate how this general framework can be applied for the design and optimization of classical phase microscopes. Our results show that wavefront shaping is required to design phase microscopes with optimal phase precision.
Ozone and aerosol prediction in the Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia
Creators: name: Torcolini, Joel Cullen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: During summer months, the lower Fraser Valley (LFV) of British Columbia experiences elevated concentrations of ground level ozone and aerosol pollution. Environmental agencies often need to make daily air pollution forecasts for public advisories. Previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between pollution episodes and the various weather regimes influencing the LFV. Statistically based, multivariate linear regression models have been applied to capture relationships between meteorological conditions and ambient pollution concentrations. However, the relationship between atmospheric circulation and pollutant concentrations is quite complex and non-linear. Consequently, this study proposes the use of neural network models to capture the inherently complex pollutant-weather relationship, and to investigate their ability to forecast daily pollutant concentrations when compared to traditional regression models. Several neural network and multivariate regression models have been developed for use in Abbotsford, British Columbia, allowing a comparative study of the two approaches. Results illustrate that neural network techniques do outperform those of traditional regression models. However, neural network models do not dramatically increase forecast ability, therefore practical use in air quality management is still in question.
Effects of renormalization and non-Hermiticity on nonlinear responses in strongly-correlated electron systems
Creators: name: Michishita, Yoshihiro
name: Peters, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear responses in condensed matter are intensively studied because they provide rich information about materials and hold the possibility of being applied in diodes or high-frequency optical devices. While nonlinear responses in noninteracting models have been explored widely, the effect of strong correlations on the nonlinear response is still poorly understood, even though it has been suggested that correlations can enhance the nonlinear response. In this work, we first give an analytical derivation of nonlinear responses using the Green's function methods at finite temperature. Then, we discuss the difficulties of considering dissipation using conventional methods, such as the reduced density matrix method. We reveal that the relaxation time approximation leads to severe limitations when considering optical responses. Finally, we demonstrate that correlation effects, such as the renormalization of the band structure and different lifetime in orbitals or sublattices, can significantly enhance nonlinear responses and can even change the sign of the nonlinear conductivity.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures in the main text; 10pages, 1 figure and 1 table in the appendix; Code files are uploaded on https://github.com/YoshihiroMichishita/Test Codes/
A very short proof of Cauchy's interlace theorem for eigenvalues of Hermitian matrices
Creators: name: Fisk, Steve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Cauchy's interlace theorem states that the characteristic polynomial of a symmetric matrix is interlaced by the characteristic polynomial of any principle submatrix. We prove this in two sentences using only the linearity of the determinant, and the fact that all eigenvalues of a symmetric matrix are real.
description: 1 page
Soliton, breather and shockwave solutions of the Heisenberg and the $T\bar T$ deformations of scalar field theories in 1+1 dimensions
Creators: name: Nastase, Horatiu
name: Sonnenschein, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note we study soliton, breather and shockwave solutions in certain two dimensional field theories. These include: (i) Heisenberg's model suggested originally to describe the scattering of high energy nucleons (ii) $T\bar T$ deformations of certain canonical scalar field theories with a potential. We find explicit soliton solutions of these models with sine-Gordon and Higgs-type potentials. We prove that the $T\bar T$ deformation of a theory of a given potential does not correct the mass of the soliton of the undeformed one. We further conjecture the form of breather solutions of these models. We show that certain $T\bar T$ deformed actions admit shockwave solutions that generalize those of Heisenberg's Lagrangian.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures; references added; plots and comments added
The Integration of Sufficiency Economy Philosophy Concepts into Learning Management through a Concept Map for Grade 6 Students at Chareonvich School
Creators: name: Supatra Pradubpongse
name: Jessadavuth Puapansawad
Publisher: name: Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
Year: 2014
Subjects: Integration,Sufficiency Economy Philosophy,Concepts Map,Learning Management

description: 1, 1, RANGSIT JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL STUDIES
Heavy Axion Opportunities at the DUNE Near Detector
Creators: name: Kelly, Kevin J.
name: Kumar, Soubhik
name: Liu, Zhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While the QCD axion is often considered to be necessarily light ($\lesssim$ eV), recent work has opened a viable and interesting parameter space for heavy axions, which solve both the Strong CP and the axion Quality Problems. These well-motivated heavy axions, as well as the generic axion-like-particles, call for explorations in the GeV mass realm at collider and beam dump environments. The primary upcoming neutrino experiment, Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), is simultaneously also a powerful beam dump experiment, enabled by its multipurpose Near Detector (ND) complex. In this study, we show with detailed analyses that the DUNE ND has a unique sensitivity to heavy axions for masses between $20$ MeV and $2$ GeV, complementary to other future experiments.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures; v2: discussions and references added, journal version
Remarks on the thermofield double state in 4D black hole background
Creators: name: Anempodistov, Prokopii A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently it was shown that there is an anomalous singularity of propagators in spacetimes with horizons for thermal states with non--canonical temperatures. In this paper we extend these observations to the situation when the background geometry is given by the four--dimensional Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordström black holes. Namely, we demonstrate that the two-point function in the free scalar field theory acquires anomalous singularity when the two points are located on the horizon. This singularity is anomalous in the sense that the coefficient before the divergent term in the two-point function differs from the canonical one and depends explicitly on the temperature of the state. As it was previously shown, it leads to the explosive behavior of the regularised stress-energy tensor on the horizon when the temperature of the state does not coincide with the canonical temperature of the horizon.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures; V2: email address added, figures resolution fixed; V3: the title has been changed to match the PRD version, typos corrected and clarifications added
A Comparison of Timber Models for Use in Public Policy Analysis
Creators: name: Sohngen, Brent
name: Sedjo, Roger A.
name: Sohngen, Brent
name: Sedjo, Roger A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: timber markets
subject: models
subject: dynamic adjustment
subject: optimization

description: In this paper, we compare and contrast two types of timber models that have been used for public policy analysis. These models have been variously used to predict price, inventory and market welfare impacts under different exogenous forces that impact timber markets. The framework and theory for each model type is presented and discussed. We then thoroughly test the two model types across six potential exogenous shocks to timber markets, ranging from instantaneous demand shocks to gradual supply adjustments. Our comparison indicates that these models predict potentially important differences in timber market behavior. These differences are important to consider for those who do public policy analysis.