Pelecinobaccha
Creators: name: Miranda, Gil Felipe Gonçalves
name: Marshall, Stephen A.
name: Skevington, Jeffrey H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Pelecinobaccha

description: Pelecinobaccha species key
1. Scutum entirely dark, usually without distinct patterns of pollinosity, never with 3 golden pollinose vittae (Figs. 12c & 15 i); female 6th segment divided into tergite and sternite or more broadly fused into a single conical sclerite (Fig. 16 c).......... 4
- Scutum usually pale laterally and always with 3 golden pollinose vittae on a black background (Fig. 2 j); female 6th abdominal tergite and sternite fused only on apical ⅓................................................................. 2
2. Central pale vittae of 3rd abdominal tergite wide, about ¼ as wide as tergite (Fig. 2 j); vittae on 3rd and 4th abdominal tergites more than ½ as long as tergite (Fig. 2 j)........................................ Pelecinobaccha pandora [Panama]
- Central pale vittae of 3rd abdominal tergite narrow, less than 1/8 as wide as tergite (Figs. 2 h & i); vittae on 3rd and 4th abdominal tergites less than ½ as long as tergite (Figs. 2 h & i).......................................................... 3
3. Third tergite vittae about ⅓ the tergite’s length (Fig. 2 h); short vittae of 4th tergite disconnected from baso-lateral pale area............................................................... Pelecinobaccha susio [central and southern Brazil]
- Third tergite vittae about ¼ the tergite’s length (Fig. 2 i); short vittae of 4th tergite connected to baso-lateral pale area.............................................................. Pelecinobaccha summa [southern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)]
4. Alula distinct, if reduced then at least ½ the width of c cell; 3rd abdominal segment never so long and narrow, less than 4 times as long as smallest width (Figs. 34 f, 38a & 42b)............................................................ 8
- Alula greatly reduced or absent, visible membrane at most 1/5 of c cell width; 2nd and 3rd abdominal segments narrow, more than 10 times as long as smallest width (Figs. 6 i & 9i)....................................................... 5
5. Alula absent; metaepimera approximated dorsal to metacoxa, separated by a gap equal to or less than a ⅓ of the 1st sternite width; metatarsus entirely dark.......................................................................... 7
- Alula present but less than 1/5 of c cell width; metaepimera widely separated dorsal to metacoxa, gap between both sclerites similar to 1st sternite width; apex of metabasitarsomere and other metatarsomeres pale.............................. 6 Note: P. cyclops may key through either option. See species redescription below.
6. Face dark above tubercle; frons/frontal triangle smooth........................ Pelecinobaccha aster [southern Brazil]
- Face entirely pale; frons/frontal triangle rugose............................... Pelecinobaccha vera [Amazon region]
7. Frons/frontal triangle entirely dark or, at most, slightly lightened latero-ventrally............................................................................... Pelecinobaccha invisibilis [Brazil; known from altitudes below 1000m]
- Frons/frontal triangle distinctly pale laterally.................................................................................................... Pelecinobaccha vesca [Peru and Venezuela; known from altitudes above 1000m]
8. Face mainly dark or with wide medial dark vitta (Fig. 36a).................................................. 10
- Face mainly pale, with central dark spot or small dark area extending medially from anterior extremity of the tubercle to antennal base............................................................................................ 9
9. Scutellum entirely dark (Fig. 8e); alula distinct although reduced to ½ the width of c cell; 4th abdominal tergite with central pale vittae.............................................................. Pelecinobaccha portachueloi [Venezuela]
- Scutellum pale basally (Fig. 5 i); alula linear, as wide as c cell, widening slightly at apex; 4th abdominal tergite with baso-lateral quadrate pale maculae........................................... Pelecinobaccha gracilitas [Brazil and Colombia]
10. Female 6th abdominal segment with tergite and sternite fused into single sclerite (Figs. 16 c & 25g); all males through this option............................................................................................. 12
- Female 6th abdominal segment divided into tergite and sternite; only females through this option.................... 11
11. Wing entirely microtrichose...................... Pelecinobaccha dracula, in part [Central America and south to Peru]
- Wing bare medially on cell bm and anteriorly on cell cu p ....... Pelecinobaccha concinna, in part [Guatemala and Mexico]
12. Male posterior row of dorsal occiput with at least some simple black pile; all females through this option.............. 16
- Male posterior row of dorsal occiput with scale-like white pile; only males through this option...................... 13
13. Dorsal occiput with 3 rows of pile; katepisternum black pilose ventrally; dorsal lobe of calypter reduced (⅓ as long as ventral lobe)....................................................................... Pelecinobaccha pucallpa [Peru]
- Dorsal occiput with 2 rows of pile; katepisternum white pilose ventrally; dorsal lobe of calypter normal (½ as long as ventral lobe).............................................................................................. 14
14. Lunule with diffuse central macula; metacoxa with mainly black pile; phallapodeme enlarged medially (Fig. 15 g); postgonite narrow, apex with acute subapical dorsal extremity and rounded ventral extremity (Fig. 15 g)................................................................................................. Pelecinobaccha alucard [Costa Rica]
- Lunule with distinct central macula; metacoxa entirely white pilose; phallapodeme not enlarged (Fig. 23 g & 27g); postgonite normal, apex with acute dorsal and ventral extremities (Fig. 23 g & 27g)........................................ 15
15. Wing bare medially on cell bm and anteriorly on cell cu p; basiphallus with posterior extremity gently curved and long, dorsal surface almost quadrate in lateral view (Fig. 23 g); apex of distiphallus strongly curved posteriorly (Fig. 23 g)................................... Pelecinobaccha concinna, in part [Guatemala and Mexico; usually medium-sized flies (~ 12mm)]
- Cells bm and cu p microtrichose; basiphallus with posterior extremity short and bent posteriorly, dorsal surface slightly convex in lateral view (Fig. 27 g); apex of distiphallus slightly curved posteriorly (Fig. 27 g)....................................................... Pelecinobaccha dracula, in part [Central America and south to Peru; usually small flies (~ 8mm)]
16. Ocellar triangle not protuberant; dorsal occiput with dull or sparse pollen....................................... 18
- Ocellar triangle distinctly protuberant; occiput uniformly covered by white pollen, sometimes dorsal area with differently oriented pollen........................................................................................ 17
17. Scutellum pale (Fig. 13 h); pleuron white pilose.. Pelecinobaccha ovipositoria [Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru and Suriname]
- Scutellum dark brown to black (Fig. 12 h); pleuron with black pile on anterior anepisternum and dorsally on posterior anepisternum................................................ Pelecinobaccha oviphora [Colombia, Peru and Suriname]
18. Female 2nd to 6th abdominal segments rectangular, very long and of similar length (Figs. 34 f & g); male 2nd to 4th abdominal segments rectangular and very long, 3rd and 4th segments wider than 2nd; abdominal segments never very narrow; frons/frontal triangle with lateral small oval maculae of white pollen separated from facial pollen........ Pelecinobaccha peruvian a [Peru]
- At least one of these segments shorter than the remaining ones; if the male abdominal segments are of similar length, then either 2nd and 3rd segments very narrow (Fig. 12c) or pollinosity of frons/frontal triangle continuous from face pollinosity. 19
19. Legs mainly dark; metatarsus usually bicolored; if 2nd abdominal segment rectangular and long, then more than 3 times as long as wide (Fig. 15d); female 5th segment usually divided into tergite and sternite, at most with apex fused............... 21
- Legs pale, except for subapical light to dark brown macula on femora and dark brown metatibia (Fig. 18 h); all tarsi black; female 2nd abdominal segment rectangular and long, 3 times as long as wide (Fig. 12c); female 5th tergite and sternite fused on apical ⅔.......................................................................................... 20
20. Wing with basal ½ dark (Fig. 18 h); alula at least twice the width of c cell.................. Pelecinobaccha mima [Peru]
- Wing mostly hyaline, only bc, c and sc cells dark (Fig. 12c); alula narrow, around the same width as c cell......................................................................................... Pelecinobaccha menguali [Peru]
21. Metatarsus distinctly bicoloured (dark and pale), basimetatarsomere with at least apex pale (Figs. 21e & 22 i)........... 28
- Metatarsus completely dark; if apical metatarsomeres slightly paler, then basimetatarsomere entirely dark.............. 22
22. Some legs with pale regions........................................................................... 24
- Legs entirely black.................................................................................. 23
23. Dorsal katepisternum with only white pile; 3rd and 4th abdominal tergites with a pair of central and sublateral pale spots (Fig. 11 f); frons/frontal triangle with lateral triangular spots of white pollen......................................................................................... Pelecinobaccha adspersa [widespread in Central and South America]
- Dorsal katepisternum with some black pile; 3rd and 4th abdominal tergites at most with a central pair of pale spots (Fig. 8 j); frontal triangle with lateral streaks of white pollen............................ Pelecinobaccha duopuncta [Costa Rica]
24. Third and 4th abdominal tergites with lateral pale spots and median, short, pale vittae (Fig. 15d)........................................................................................ Pelecinobaccha waynei [Peru and Venezuela]
- Third and 4th abdominal tergites without median pale vittae.................................................. 25
25. Second abdominal segment long, 3rd abdominal segment trapezoidal (2 times as long as smallest width) (Fig. 14 e & 25g). 27
- Second and 3rd abdominal segments very long and of similar length (5 times as long as smallest width) (Fig. 4 i & 7g).... 26
26. Wing light to dark brown (Fig. 7 g); alula narrow, apex twice the width of base; female 2nd abdominal segment with sub-basal and subapical pair of dull black pollinose spots............................ Pelecinobaccha levissima [Brazil and Peru]
- Wing hyaline, anterior margin dark (Fig. 4 i); alula narrow, with same width from base to apex; female 2nd abdominal segment with subapical fascia of dull black pollen extending medially towards base....................................................................................... Pelecinobaccha brevipennis [Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela]
27. Third and 4th (and 5th on female) abdominal tergites with distinct baso-lateral sub-triangular pale maculae (Fig. 25 g); pro- and mesoleg pale; basal ½ of metafemur pale............................ Pelecinobaccha costata [eastern North America]
- 3rd and 4th (and 5th on female) abdominal tergites with baso-lateral pale streaks; pro- and mesoleg mainly dark, all tibiae with basal half pale; metafemur entirely dark................... Pelecinobaccha squamagula [Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia]
28. Katepisternum white pilose, if with some black pile, then mesonotum, posterior anepisternum, scutellum and metacoxa without densely arranged pile.............................................................................. 31
- Katepisternum black pilose; mesonotum, posterior anepisternum, scutellum and metacoxa pile black, long, erect and densely arranged, distinctly long anterior to transverse suture (Fig. 37 e–f)............................................. 29
29. Metafemur and metatibia with long and thick black pile (Fig. 37 a); male with wing mainly hyaline except for dark region basally (until crossvein h); female wing almost all hyaline, dark basally from cell bm to anterior margin; female with basal 4 pro- and mesotarsomeres enlarged and widened... Pelecinobaccha pilipes [northern South America and south to Paraguay]
- Metaleg without distinct pile; wing with dark anterior margin; females unknown.................................. 30
30. Antennal insertions separated (Fig. 36a); lateral white pollinosity restricted to ventral traces on frontal triangle and oriented ventro-dorsally between face and frontal triangle (Fig. 36a)................. Pelecinobaccha pilinigridensis [Costa Rica]
- Antennal insertions confluent; lateral pollinosity oriented dorso-ventrally between face and frontal triangle.......................................................................................... Pelecinobaccha tristis [Mexico]
31. Wing with distinct dark regions extending beyond basal cells, sometimes entirely dark or with dark areas faded to around the veins (Fig. 16 b).................................................................................... 33
- Wing mostly hyaline, but antero-basal portion (stigma and/or cells r, c, and basal portions of r1 and r2+3) sometimes light gray/ brown (Fig. 19 i); wing never distinctly marked............................................................ 32
32. Male with 2nd abdominal segment long, narrow and cylindrical (Fig. 19 i); 2nd abdominal tergite of both sexes with central narrow pale fasciae (Fig. 19 i); 3rd and 4th abdominal tergites with median pair of short pale vittae and a pair of small baso-lateral pale triangular maculae.......................... Pelecinobaccha avispas [Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru and northern Brazil]
- 2nd abdominal segment shorter, wider and non-cylindrical (Fig. 29 g); female 2nd abdominal tergite with lateral pale triangular maculae; 3rd and 4th abdominal tergites with pair of large baso-lateral pale triangular maculae.......................................................................... Pelecinobaccha hiantha [Costa Rica and south to southern Brazil]
33. Frons/frontal triangle entirely dark (Fig. 37 e)............................................................... 46
- Frons/frontal triangle with pale maculae or entirely pale laterally (Fig. 16 a)...................................... 34
34. Wing with hyaline regions; all females through this option................................................... 37
- Wing dark, apical cells sometimes lighter medially (Fig. 38a); only males through this option....................... 35
35. Second abdominal segment very long, around 3–3.5x as long as wide (Fig. 38a); apical metatarsomere pale. Face mainly pale below tubercle, sometimes with a narrow black median vitta; abdomen long and narrow, slightly widening after 2nd abdominal segment (Fig. 38a); only males through this option..................... Pelecinobaccha seara [Brazil (Santa Catarina)]
- Second abdominal segment usually less than 3x as long as wide (Fig. 17 a & b); apical metatarsomere dark, darker than 2nd and 3rd metatarsomeres; face mainly dark below tubercle; abdomen distinctly widening after 2nd abdominal segment; all females through this option................................................................................... 36
36. Second abdominal segment usually with a median pair of oblique pale fasciae (sometimes inconspicuous or absent) (Fig. 17 a); 3rd and/or 4th abdominal tergites with a central pair of narrow vittae, vittae either pale or subshining; usually small flies (6–8mm)....................................... Pelecinobaccha alicia - para variation [central and southern Brazil]
- 2nd abdominal segment without maculae (Fig. 17 b); 3rd and 4th abdominal tergites without central maculae; usually mediumsized flies (~ 10mm)........................................... Pelecinobaccha alicia [central and southern Brazil]
37. Females without apical dark spot on wing; all males through this option........................................ 40
- Female wing with a distinct dark basal region, a pre-apical hyaline band and a dark apical spot (Fig. 16 b); wing with all dark and hyaline regions well defined; if wing apical spot diffuse, then cu p cell and anal lobe mostly hyaline basally; only females through this option.................................................................................. 38
38. Apical ⅓ of metabasitarsomere pale; wing usually with cell cu p and anal lobe mostly hyaline basally........................................................................... Pelecinobaccha beatricea [Venezuela to southern Brazil]
- Metabasitarsomere with at most apex (less than a ⅓) pale; wing with cu p cell and anal lobe homogenously dark, with at least basal region of cu p dark.............................................................................. 39
39. Sixth abdominal segment long (2 times as long as basal width) (Fig. 16 c & d); 3rd to 5th abdominal tergites with central pair of pale vittae; anterior anepimeron with white pile only; usually small flies (6–8mm)................................................................................. Pelecinobaccha alicia - para variation [central and southern Brazil]
- Sixth abdominal segment short (as long as basal width) (Fig. 16 e); 3rd to 5th abdominal tergites without central pair of pale vittae; anterior anepimeron with at least some black pile dorsally; usually medium-sized flies (~ 10mm)............................................................................... Pelecinobaccha alicia [central and southern Brazil]
40. Frons/frontal triangle with lateral pair of triangular/narrow oval maculae of white pollen (Fig. 37 f)................... 43
- Frons/frontal triangle white pollinosity restricted laterally (Fig. 16 a)........................................... 41
41. Cell cu p with basal ½ or more hyaline................ Pelecinobaccha beatricea [Venezuela and south to southern Brazil]
- Cell cu p mostly dark, always dark on apex and whole anterior margin (posterior to vein CuP)....................... 42
42. Subscutellar fringe either absent or with short black pile; basal ⅔ of mesotibia pale; cell dm with only apex or apical 1/5 hyaline........................................................... Pelecinobaccha hirundella [Brazil (Santa Catarina)]
- Subscutellar fringe with long white pile, pile not so long on female; basal ½ of mesotibia pale, almost basal ⅔ on female; cell dm with apical ¼ or ⅓ hyaline................................ Pelecinobaccha ida [Ecuador and south to Argentina]
43. Cell cu p with basal ½ or more hyaline (Fig. 26 g), females with basal ¾ distinctly hyaline........................................................................................... Pelecinobaccha cryptica [Brazil and Paraguay]
- Cell cu p mostly dark (Fig. 22 i), always dark on apex and whole anterior margin (posterior to vein CuP), females at most with basal ½ hyaline..................................................................................... 44
44. Notopleuron with black pile immediately anterior to transverse suture....... Pelecinobaccha cora [Bolivia, Brazil and Peru]
- Notopleuron with pale pile anterior to transverse suture...................................................... 45
45. Abdominal tergites with pale vittae (Fig. 22 i); female 6th segment as long as 5th...................................................................................... Pelecinobaccha clarapex [Guatemala and south to central Brazil]
- Abdominal tergites immaculate (Fig. 40 g); female 6th segment twice the length of the 5th......................................................................... Pelecinobaccha transatlantica [Costa Rica and south to southern Brazil]
46. Wing with distinct pre-apical hyaline band and apical dark spot (Fig. 16 b); only females through this option................................................................... Pelecinobaccha alicia, in part [central and southern Brazil]
- Wing without distinct apical spot (Fig. 22 i); all males through this option......................................... 47
47. Frons/frontal triangle with white pollen restricted laterally and not extending towards middle (Fig. 16 a)................ 65
- Frons/frontal triangle with lateral pair of triangular/semi-circular maculae of white pollen (Fig. 37 f)................... 48
48. Only basal ½ of wing dark (Fig. 22 i & Fig. 40 g); cell r4+5 completely hyaline or only with a small basal portion dark..... 56
- Most of wing dark, with apical ¼ or less hyaline (Fig. 34e); cell r4+5 with basal ½ or more dark (sometimes diffuse apically)..................................................................................................... 49
49. Abdominal tergites with central faint pale vittae; pleuron pile white; 2nd abdominal tergite very narrow and long (Fig. 21 j); small light brown fly similar to the genus Relictanum; only known from males.............................................................................................. Pelecinobaccha humillima [Costa Rica and Venezuela]
- Characters not in the above combination................................................................. 50
50. Posterior anepisternum entirely dark..................................................................... 52
- Posterior anepisternum pale on posterior ½................................................................ 51
51. Cell cu p entirely dark (Fig. 22 i)...................... Pelecinobaccha clarapex [Guatemala and south to central Brazil]
- Cell cu p with basal ½ or more hyaline (Fig. 26 g)....................... Pelecinobaccha cryptica [Brazil and Paraguay]
52. Some tibiae with pale basal regions; 2nd abdominal segment ~2.5 times as long as smallest width (Fig. 34e); 3rd abdominal segment trapezoidal and short; only males through this option.................................................... 54
- All tibiae mainly dark, with no distinct pale regions; 2nd abdominal segment ~4 times as long as smallest width (Fig. 41e); 3rd abdominal segment trapezoidal and long, slightly longer than 2nd segment; female 6th segment very long, 5–6 times as long as smallest width (Fig. 39 a & h); all females through this option.................................................. 53
53. Lateral pollinose maculae of frontal triangle extended towards middle; subscutellar pile normal; 1st abdominal segment with white and black pile..................................... Pelecinobaccha telescopica [Bolivia, Colombia and Peru]
- Lateral pollinose maculae of frontal triangle only slightly extended towards middle; subscutellar pile long; 1st abdominal segment entirely white pilose.................................................. Pelecinobaccha unica [Costa Rica]
54. Dorsal region of posterior anepisternum and anterior anepimeron with black pile; 1st abdominal tergite dorsal ½ with black pile........................................... Pelecinobaccha transatlantica [Costa Rica and south to southern Brazil]
- Pleuron entirely white pilose; 1st abdominal tergite mainly white pilose, sometimes with some black pile dorso-basally.... 55
55. Protibia pale on basal ⅓, mesotibia pale on basal ½, metatibia pale on basal ¼ to 1/5; surstylus rectangular in lateral view (Fig. 40 c); subepandrial sclerite trapezoidal (Fig. 40 d); hypandrium with ventral notch on anterior ½ (Fig. 40 f)........................................................... Pelecinobaccha transatlantica [Costa Rica and south to southern Brazil]
- Tibiae pale only at base; surstylus sub-oval in lateral view (Fig. 34a); subepandrial sclerite rectangular and wide (Fig. 34b); hypandrium with ventral notch on anterior ⅔ (Fig. 34d).............. Pelecinobaccha morgani [Bolivia, Brazil and Peru]
56. Tibiae either entirely dark or with only base pale; all males through this option.................................... 59
- Pro- and mesotibia with at least basal ½ pale; only females through this option.................................... 57
57. Basal ¼ of metatibia pale; female 2nd abdominal segment sub-quadrate (1.5 times as long as wide) (Fig. 40 g); female 6th abdominal segment 2 times as long as 5th segment. Pelecinobaccha transatlantica [Costa Rica and south to southern Brazil]
- Metatibia at most with base pale; female 2nd abdominal segment long (≥3 times as long as wide) (Fig. 22 i); female 6th abdominal segment as long as 5th segment....................................................................... 58
58. Cell cu p entirely dark (Fig. 22 i)...................... Pelecinobaccha clarapex [Guatemala and south to central Brazil]
- Cell cu p distinctly dark only on apical ¼............................. Pelecinobaccha cryptica [Brazil and Paraguay]
59. With some black pile on anterior anepimeron and on the notopleuron anterior to the transverse suture; calypter or calypter margin dark brown to black............................................................................... 62
- Posterior anepisternum, anterior anepimeron and notopleuron anterior to transverse suture with white pile; calypter white to light brown......................................................................................... 60
60. Antennal insertions almost separated, with long medial sclerotized division................. Pelecinobaccha wyatti [Peru]
- Antennal insertions confluent.......................................................................... 61
61. Metabasitarsomere with only apex pale.............. Pelecinobaccha andrettae (variation) [Colombia, Ecuador and Peru]
- Metabasitarsomere with apical ½ pale............................... Pelecinobaccha cora [Bolivia, Brazil and Peru]
62. Metabasitarsomere with apical ⅓ pale; male 3rd abdominal segment trapezoidal and long, apex slightly wider than base; female 2nd abdominal segment rectangular (2x as long as wide) (Fig. 39 h); female 6th abdominal segment cylindrical and very long (7x as long as wide) (Figs. 39 a & h)......................................................................... 64
- Metabasitarsomere with apical ½ or slightly less pale; male 3rd abdominal segment trapezoidal, apex much wider than base (Fig. 24 g); female 2nd abdominal segment 2.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 18 g); female 6th abdominal segment conical and shorter than its basal width............................................................................. 63
63. Calypter light brown, pile darker than margin; apices of cells r1 and r2+3 light brown; ventral notch of hypandrium quadrate (Fig. 24 f); only males through this option............................. Pelecinobaccha cora [Bolivia, Brazil and Peru]
- Calypter grey with black margin and black pile; apices of cells r1 and r2+3 hyaline; ventral notch of hypandrium oval (Fig. 18 f); all females through this option.............................. Pelecinobaccha andrettae [Colombia, Ecuador and Peru]
64. Lunule entirely shining black; posterior anepisternum white pilose; subscutellar fringe with short pile; female 5th abdominal tergite and sternite fused at the apex (Fig. 39 a); only females through this option.......................................................................................... Pelecinobaccha telescopica [Bolivia, Colombia and Peru]
- Lunule pale above the antenna; posterior anepisternum with some black pile; subscutellar fringe with long pile; female 5th abdominal tergite and sternite completely separated; all males through this option...................................................................................................... Pelecinobaccha eruptova [Brazil and Peru]
65. Antennal insertions separated; medial sclerotized division that separates antennal pits sometimes unsclerotized at the point it reaches the lunule................................................................................... 70
- Antennal insertions confluent.......................................................................... 66
66. Metabasitarsomere with apical 1/5 or more pale; 2nd abdominal segment very long, usually more than 3.5 times as long as wide, if 3.5 as long as wide then apical ½ to ¼ of metabasitarsomere pale; all females through this option.................. 68
- Metabasitarsomere with only apex pale, less than apical 1/6 pale; 2nd abdominal segment long, 2.5–3.5 times as long as wide; only males through this option......................................................................... 67
67. Third and/or 4th abdominal tergites with a central pair of narrow vittae, vittae either pale or subshining (Fig. 16 i); 2nd abdominal segment usually with a median pair of oblique pale fasciae (sometimes inconspicuous or absent) (Fig. 17 b); usually small (6–8mm)...................................... Pelecinobaccha alicia - para variation [central and southern Brazil]
- Third and 4th abdominal tergites without central maculae; 2nd abdominal segment without maculae; usually medium-sized (~ 10mm).................................................... Pelecinobaccha alicia [central and southern Brazil]
68. Anterior rows of pile on middle occiput mainly simple and dark; pleuron entirely dark............................. 69
- Anterior rows of pile on middle occiput mainly scale-like and pale; pleuron usually pale on posterior ½ of posterior anepisternum and dorso-posterior katepisternum................................ Pelecinobaccha mexicana [Central America]
69. Metabasitarsomere pale on apical ½ or slightly less; 2nd sternite with long, erect white pile on basal ½; postgonite apex rounded ventrally (Fig. 32 g); female 7th tergite as long as wide medially (Fig. 32 a)........ Pelecinobaccha manuelorum [Costa Rica]
- Metabasitarsomere pale on apical ¼ or less; 2nd sternite at most with sparse, short, appressed black pile; postgonite apex with acute ventral extremity (Fig. 29 e); female 7th tergite narrower, sclerite wider than long medially (Fig. 29 a)............................................................... Pelecinobaccha hiantha [Costa Rica and south to southern Brazil]
70. Antennal insertions almost separated, medial division unsclerotized at the point it reaches the lunule; apical ¼ of cell r1 and apical 2/5 of r2+3 distinctly hyaline, no diffuse or small dark markings.............................................................................................. Pelecinobaccha hirundella (some males) [Brazil (Santa Catarina)]
- Antennal insertions separated; apical regions of cells r1 and r2+3 mainly dark or with diffuse dark markings.............. 71
71. At least dorso-posterior of the posterior anepisternum black pilose; all males through this option................................................................................... Pelecinobaccha nubilorum [Mexico and Costa Rica]
- Posterior anepisternum and anterior anepimeron white pilose; only females through this option...................... 72
72. Alula 3 times wider apically than c cell; 3rd to 5th abdominal tergites immaculate, except female 3rd abdominal tergite with basal pair of pale maculae (Fig. 38 h); female 6th abdominal segment long, 2x the length of the 5th; female 8th tergite desclerotized medially (Fig. 38 f)........................................................... Pelecinobaccha tica [Costa Rica]
- Alula narrow, at most twice as wide as c cell; 3rd to 5th abdominal tergites with central pair of very long pale vittae (Fig. 21e); female 6th segment as long as 5th; female 8th tergite sclerotized medially (Fig. 35 b)................................. 73
73. Face pale on lateral ⅓; central macula of lunule connected to frons color by a narrow dark vitta; 7th segment lateral sclerite subtriangular, narrowing apically (Fig. 21c); apices of 8th tergite long (Fig. 21b)................................................................................... Pelecinobaccha capesorum [Peru; known from altitudes below 1600m]
- Face entirely black; central macula of the lunule continuous with frons color; 7th segment lateral sclerite sub-rectangular, slightly narrower apically than basal width (Fig. 35 c); apices of 8th tergite short (Fig. 35 b).......................................................... Pelecinobaccha nubilorum [Mexico and Costa Rica, known from altitudes above 2300m]
description: Published as part of Miranda, Gil Felipe Gonçalves, Marshall, Stephen A. & Skevington, Jeffrey H., 2014, Revision of the genus Pelecinobaccha Shannon, description of Relictanum gen. nov., and redescription of Atylobaccha flukiella (Curran, 1941) (Diptera: Syrphidae), pp. 1-154 in Zootaxa 3819 (1) on pages 12-17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3819.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251284