Observing clouds from the ground up: Skyward looking infrared and optical cameras for all weather monitoring of cloud dynamics
Creators: name: Ng, Wenfa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geophysics
subject: 40107 Meteorology
subject: 39901 Environmental Chemistry (incl. Atmospheric Chemistry)
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Dark clouds portend rain or stormy weather and white fluffy cirrus clouds in the day point to fine weather. Common and useful notions such as these, make apparent the utility of knowing the color, shape and volume of clouds and their height in the atmosphere, where a towering cumulonimbus cloud is a mini convection system in air due to the gigantic updrafts and downdrafts within the cloud. However, current earth observing satellites usually only gather a planar view of cloud cover. In the case of satellites on polar orbits equipped with oblique view cameras operating either in the infrared or visual range, partial information of cloud height is available, but these are incomplete datasets that could not tell the story of how dynamic interactions between earth and atmosphere is. Being a storage of water in air, clouds hold important clues to understanding the short term evolution of weather and the medium and long term impact of climate change. But long time series of cloud formation, and most importantly, their dynamics is lacking from meteorology and climate change simulation models and is a reason why forecasting rain episodes and end of droughts remains a challenge. In lieu of other observation data, periodic air monitoring campaigns by aircrafts do partially fill in the large information gap on cloud dynamics, but the world is deficient in a continuous time record of cloud dynamics of a specific locale. Wide field infrared and optical cameras situated on the highest rooftops in a city and which point skywards can potentially provide an answer to our quest for better continuous understanding of cloud formation dynamics in an urban area. Immediate impact of such information would come in forecasting rain episodes with higher spatial and temporal resolution, while imagery of cloud evolution and dissipation tells the story of how temperature, relative humidity, ultraviolet radiation, aerosols and wind direction and speed combinatorically interact with an underlying warming trend in temperature. Such information is crucial for informing climate modeling methods, especially in calibrating parameters associated with clouds and checking our assumptions. Beyond climate change, more immediate use of such continuous imagery of cloud type and cover lies in enabling a better assessment of how clouds has mitigated the impacts of heat generation in urban heat island effects common to cities around the world. Simple in conceptualization and without privacy concerns given the cameras’ placement on highest rooftops in an area and their skyward glances, the dataset obtained by continuous imaging of clouds over urban areas could provide both immediate benefit in enhancing rain forecasts as well as serving as an important data source for understanding clouds’ role in climate change, that up to now remain inaccessible to most climate researchers.