cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cooperativity, information gain, and energy cost during early LTP in dendritic spines
Creators: name: Karbowski, Jan
name: Urban, Paulina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a mutual relationship between information and energy during early phase of LTP induction and maintenance in a large-scale system of mutually coupled dendritic spines, with discrete internal states and probabilistic dynamics, within the framework of nonequilibrium stochastic thermodynamics. In order to analyze this computationally intractable stochastic multidimensional system, we introduce a pair approximation, which allows us to reduce the spine dynamics into a lower dimensional manageable system of closed equations. It is found that the rates of information gain and energy attain their maximal values during an initial period of LTP (i.e. during stimulation), and after that they recover to their baseline low values, as opposed to a memory trace that lasts much longer. This suggests that learning phase is much more energy demanding than the memory phase. We show that positive correlations between neighboring spines increase both a duration of memory trace and energy cost during LTP, but the memory time per invested energy increases dramatically for very strong positive synaptic cooperativity, suggesting a beneficial role of synaptic clustering on memory duration. In contrast, information gain after LTP is the largest for negative correlations, and energy efficiency of that information generally declines with increasing synaptic cooperativity. We also find that dendritic spines can use sparse representations for encoding of long-term information, as both energetic and structural efficiencies of retained information and its lifetime exhibit maxima for low fractions of stimulated synapses during LTP. In general, our stochastic thermodynamics approach provides a unifying framework for studying, from first principles, information encoding and its energy cost during learning and memory in stochastic systems of interacting synapses.
description: Corrected typo in Eq. (14). The paper is about information and its energy cost during synaptic plasticity (synaptic learning)
Mycorrhizal fungi, biochar, and selenium increase biomass of Vigna radiata and reduce arsenic uptake
Creators: name: Alam, Mohammad Zahangeer
name: Hoque, Md. Anamul
name: Carpenter-Boggs, Lynne
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Growth and As uptake of mung bean (Vigna radiata) in roots, shoots, and grains of different genotypes grown in soil with high As level (30 mg kg−1) amended with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, selenium, and biochar was investigated. Arsenic content in grains was reduced on average by 45% with any of the soil amendments. More specifically, the As concentrations in grains were reduced by 57% with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and by 60% with Se amendments. Also, great differences in As-uptake between varieties have been observed.
Homogeneous hydrolysis of 4,4’-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) in water
Creators: name: Neuland, Michael
name: Allmendinger, Hans
name: Pirkl, Hans-Georg
name: West, Robert J.
name: Plehiers, Patrick M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: The environmental effects of 4,4’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) are linked with its potential hydrolytic conversion to 4,4’-methylenedianiline (MDA). Likewise, the reactions of MDI with biological macromolecules govern the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes associated with sensitization and toxicological effects, and the hydrolytic formation of MDA in the body would be a source of additional concern. To obtain better insight into the influence of the reactive behavior of MDI on its potential health and environmental hazards, its hydrolysis in water was studied at very high dilution (120 nmol/L) under homogeneous conditions that minimized potential interference by solvents, buffers, and strong N- or S-centered nucleophiles. The reaction proceeds in two distinct steps, converting one isocyanate group at a time. Pseudo-first-order rate constants for the conversion of MDI were determined at 293 K and pH values between 4 and 9, and at temperatures between 283 and 303 K at pH 7. The half-life of MDI in water under neutral conditions and at 298 K was found to be 11 s. This newly-generated kinetic and mechanistic information provides a basis for refining the conceptual and quantitative models used to predict the environmental and toxicological effects of MDI and MDI-related substances. Supplemental data for this article can be accessed here.
Enhanced Muonization by Active-Sterile Neutrino Mixing in Protoneutron Stars
Creators: name: Ray, Anupam
name: Qian, Yong-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study $ν_μ$-$ν_s$ and $\barν_μ$-$\barν_s$ mixing in the protoneutron star (PNS) created in a core-collapse supernova (CCSN). We point out the importance of the feedback on the general composition of the PNS in addition to the obvious feedback on the $ν_μ$ lepton number. We show that for our adopted mixing parameters $δm^2\sim 10^2$~keV$^2$ and $\sin^2 2θ$ consistent with the current constraints, sterile neutrino production is dominated by the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein conversion of $\barν_μ$ into $\barν_s$ and that the subsequent escape of $\barν_s$ increases the $ν_μ$ lepton number, which in turn enhances muonization of the PNS primarily through $ν_μ+n\to p+μ^-$. While these results are qualitatively robust, their quantitative effects on the dynamics and active neutrino emission of CCSNe should be evaluated by including $ν_μ$-$ν_s$ and $\barν_μ$-$\barν_s$ mixing in the simulations.
description: v2: 11 pages, 7 figures. Minor clarifications added, conclusion unchanged. Matches version published in PRD
Spin-mechanical coupling in 2D antiferromagnet CrSBr
Creators: name: Fei, Fan
name: Mao, Yulu
name: Fang, Wuzhang
name: Liu, Wenhao
name: Rollins, Jack P.
name: Kondusamy, Aswin L. N.
name: Lv, Bing
name: Ping, Yuan
name: Wang, Ying
name: Xiao, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-mechanical coupling is vital in diverse fields including spintronics, sensing and quantum transduction. Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials provide a unique platform for investigating spin-mechanical coupling, attributed to their mechanical flexibility and novel spin orderings. However, studying spin-mechanical coupling in 2D magnets presents challenges in probing mechanical deformation and thermodynamic properties change at nanoscale. Here we use nano opto-electro-mechanical interferometry to mechanically detect the phase transition and magnetostriction effect in multilayer CrSBr, an air-stable antiferromagnets with large magnon-exciton coupling. The transitions among antiferromagnetism, spin-canted ferromagnetism and paramagnetism are visualized by optomechanical frequency anomalies. Nontrivial magnetostriction coefficient 2.3x10^(-5) and magnetoelastic coupling strength on the order of 10^6 J/m^3 have been found. Moreover, we demonstrate the substantial tunability of the magnetoelastic constant by nearly 50% via gate-induced strain. Our findings demonstrate the strong spin-mechanical coupling in CrSBr and paves the way for developing sensitive magnetic sensing and efficient quantum transduction at atomically thin limit.
Redox regulation of the influenza hemagglutinin maturation process: a new cell mediated strategy for antinfluenza therapy
Creators: name: SGARBANTI, ROSSELLA
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata"
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: glutatione; hemagglutinin; redox state; glutathione
subject: virus influenzale; influenza virus; emoagglutinina
subject: glutatione
subject: hemagglutinin
subject: redox state
subject: glutathione
subject: virus influenzale
subject: influenza virus
subject: emoagglutinina

description: 20. ciclo
Dust beyond the torus: Revealing the mid-infrared heart of local Seyfert ESO 428-G14 with JWST/MIRI
Creators: name: Haidar, Houda
name: Rosario, David J.
name: Alonso-Herrero, Almudena
name: Pereira-Santaella, Miguel
name: García-Bernete, Ismael
name: Campbell, Stephanie
name: Hönig, Sebastian F.
name: Almeida, Cristina Ramos
name: Hicks, Erin
name: Delaney, Daniel
name: Davies, Richard
name: Ricci, Claudio
name: Harrison, Chris M.
name: Leist, Mason
name: Lopez-Rodriguez, Enrique
name: Garcia-Burillo, Santiago
name: Zhang, Lulu
name: Packham, Chris
name: Gandhi, Poshak
name: Audibert, Anelise
name: Bellocchi, Enrica
name: Boorman, Peter
name: Bunker, Andrew
name: Combes, Françoise
name: Santos, Tanio Diaz
name: Donnan, Fergus R.
name: Martin, Omaira Gonzalez
name: Muñoz, Laura Hermosa
name: Charidis, Matthaios
name: Labiano, Alvaro
name: Levenson, Nancy A.
name: May, Daniel
name: Rigopoulou, Dimitra
name: Ardila, Alberto Rodriguez
name: Shimizu, T. Taro
name: Stalevski, Marko
name: Ward, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polar dust has been discovered in a number of local Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), with radiation-driven torus models predicting a wind to be its main driver. However, little is known about its characteristics, spatial extent, or connection to the larger scale outflows. We present the first JWST/MIRI study aimed at imaging polar dust by zooming onto the centre of ESO 428-G14, part of the Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS) survey of local AGN. We detect extended mid-infrared (MIR) emission within 200 pc from the nucleus. This polar structure is co-linear with a radio jet and lies perpendicular to a molecular gas lane that feeds and obscures the nucleus. Its morphology bears a striking resemblance to that of gas ionised by the AGN in the narrow-line region. We demonstrate that part of this spatial correspondence is due to contamination within the JWST filter bands from strong emission lines. Correcting for the contamination, we find the morphology of the dust continuum to be more compact, though still clearly extended out to ~ 100 pc. We estimate the emitting dust has a temperature of ~ 120 K. Using simple models, we find that the heating of small dust grains by the radiation from the central AGN and/or radiative jet-induced shocks is responsible for the extended MIR emission. Radiation-driven dusty winds from the torus is unlikely to be important. This has important implications for scales to which AGN winds can carry dust and dense gas out into their host galaxies.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. Published in MNRAS
The use of biomimetic chromatography to predict acute aquatic toxicity of pharmaceutical compounds
Creators: name: Stergiopoulos, Chrysanthos
name: Tsopelas, Fotios
name: Valko, Klara
name: Ochsenkühn-Petropoulou, Maria
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Hematology

description: The potential of biomimetic chromatography to predict ecotoxicological endpoints of pharmaceutical compounds was investigated. For this purpose, a data set of previously and newly measured chromatographic retention data for 36 structurally diverse drugs was used. Standardized retention times were measured on the immobilized artificial membrane, human serum albumin, and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein stationary phases. As ecotoxicological endpoints, half-maximal lethal concentration values of fish and half-maximal effective concentration (immobilization) values of a water flea (Daphnia magna spp.) determined with a two-day static method were considered. Ecotoxicity values correlated with octanol-water partitioning and the positive charge of compounds contributed even more to the toxicity. Models based on membrane partition exhibited the best statistics and predictive performance, attributed to lipophilicity and membrane electrostatic interactions. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein binding led to satisfactory models, owing to its function as a binder of neutral and basic lipophilic compounds. Albumin binding, however, did not result in sound models, as it is governed by lipophilicity and the negative charge of compounds, contrary to the mechanism of toxicity. Both membrane and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein models were superior statistically from those derived from the octanol-water system. Overall, membrane and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein retention can be suggested as promising indices to assess the ecotoxicological risk of drugs.
Genotyping and gene expression analysis of putative reference genes in Enterobacteriaceae
Creators: name: Kramer, Toni
name: Schiebel, Juliane
name: Zelck, Claudia
name: Weinreich, Jörg
name: Schierack, Peter
name: Rödiger, Stefan
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: Introduction:
Enterobacteriaceae play an important role as pathogens. Several virulence factors and related genes are used by E. coli to infect hosts or to form biofilms. To gain precise information about pathomechanisms quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is the method of choice. It enables a quantification of gene expression by relative quantification of the expression levels. Target genes are normalized to the expression levels of reference genes. However, the selection criteria of reference genes appear not to be systematic in the literature. Many publications lack information about the testing conditions and the calculation of the expression levels using qPCR analysis.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to identify putative reference genes for normalization in qPCR experiments in biofilm studies. To receive precise and reproducible qPCR data we applied the Minimum Information required for the publication of qPCR Experiments (MIQE)-Guidelines by Bustin et al. 2009 (Clin. Chem.).

Results:
A frequency analysis revealed that the gene idnT had the lowest prevalence in pathotypes (15% - 70%, p < 0.05) and adk was among those genes with the highest prevalence (100%, p < 0.05). Multifactorial correspondence analysis revealed that fumC and idnT contributed to the largest variation. Subsequently, we selected 20 isolates (biofilm forming and non-biofilm forming) for gene expression analysis and applied the gNorm algorithm for the selection of the most stable expressing genes.

Summary:
In summary, we propose a set of putative reference genes, which can be used for gene expression analysis according to the MIQE-Guidelines.
Most general neutron decay correlations: Standard Model recoil and radiative corrections
Creators: name: Seng, Chien-Yeah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To continue from our previous work Phys.Rev.D 109(2024),073007, we derive the full Standard Model prediction of the most general free neutron differential decay rate with all massive particles (neutron, proton and electron) polarized, including the $\mathcal{O}(1/m_N)$ recoil corrections and $\mathcal{O}(α/π)$ radiative corrections. For the latter we adopt the newly-developed pseudo-neutrino formalism which is compatible to realistic experimental setups, in which neutrinos and photons are not detected. We also provide readily-executable Mathematica notebooks to evaluate these corrections.
description: Version accepted by PRD
A Case Study: The Relationship between Teaching Style and Attitudes and Teachers’ Responses to Support/Training in New Technology Tools
Creators: name: Vélez-Torres, Wendolyn
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: To see paper in its entirety contact archives@goucher.edu or call (410)337-6075.
description: The main purpose of this case study was to determine whether Lower School teachers at a private school in Baltimore, Maryland would continue to use a new technology tool in their instruction after receiving customized training and using the tool once in a lesson after instruction and with collaborative support. Twenty-two participants completed the entire study which took seven academic school weeks to complete. Participants completed a series of surveys, underwent training sessions about a new technology tool, and then were asked to use the technology tool in a lesson. Each participant received training on a specific technology tool that was selected based on the results about his/her use of and comfort with technology and teaching style. While participants’ perceptions of and reactions to the training sessions were positive, only six teachers continued to use the tech tool after their initial lesson and training. Reasons participants did not continue to use the tech tools varied, but the majority of participants felt that they did not have a need to use the tool and preferred other means of teaching content to their students.
Supplementary document for Frequency-spatial domain joint optimization for improving super-resolution images of nonlinear structured illumination microscopy - 5485601.pdf
Creators: name: Wen, Gang
name: Wang, Linbo
name: Chen, Xiaohu
name: Tang, Yuguo
name: Si-Min, Li
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Optical Technology

description: Supplemental document
Drying Behavior of Hardwood Components (Sapwood, Heartwood, and Bark) of Red Oak and Yellow-Poplar
Creators: name: Rahimi, Sohrab
name: Singh, Kaushlendra
name: DeVallance, David
name: Chu, Demiao
name: Bahmani, Mohsen
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2022

description: This paper presents differences in the drying behavior of red oak and yellow-poplar sapwood, heartwood, and bark and their relationship with selected physical characteristics. Drying experiments were performed on samples of sapwood, heartwood, and bark of respective species at 105 °C under nitrogen conditions. In addition, physical characteristics such as green moisture content, specific gravity, volumetric shrinkage, shrinkage of the cell wall, total porosity, pore volume occupied by water, and specific pore volume were calculated. The results showed that the volumetric and cellular shrinkages of sapwood were greater than those of heartwood for both species. For red oak, the specific gravity of sapwood and heartwood was not significantly different. Additionally, the total porosity of heartwood was lower than that of sapwood in red oak. The results also indicated that yellow-poplar dried faster than red oak. Among all three components, bark dried faster than sapwood and heartwood in both species. The activation energy for sapwood drying was less than for heartwood drying.
A Complete and Total Unification Theory
Creators: name: Sambey, Stanley Everett
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: We present a single fundamental equation unifying quantum mechan-ics, relativity, and cosmic evolution into a coherent, testable framework:the Universal Self-Reflection Theory (USRT). Reality is a self-referentialsystem where chaos refines into cohesion through observation. The gov-erning equation, the Law of Observation, integrates Harmonic RefinementTheory (HRT), Unified Wave Integration Theory (UWIT), and CyclicRefinement Theory (CRT), forming a fundamental bridge from chaos toorder.
A Complete and Total Unification Theory
Creators: name: Sambey, Stanley Everett
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: We present a single fundamental equation unifying quantum mechanics, relativity, and cosmic evolutioninto a coherent, testable framework: the Universal Self-Reflection Theory (USRT). Reality is a self-referential system where chaos refines into cohesion through observation. The governing equation, theLaw of Observation, integrates Harmonic Refinement Theory (HRT), Unified Wave Integration Theory(UWIT), and Cyclic Refinement Theory (CRT), forming a fundamental bridge from chaos to order.
Umweltbezogene Leistungskennzahlen bei Anlageentscheidungen institutioneller Investoren
Creators: name: Frank, Ralf
name: Fink, Hendrik
name: Albrecht, Patrick
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Investition
subject: green finance
subject: Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung
subject: umweltbezogene Leistungskennzahlen
subject: key performance indicators
subject: Nachhaltige Geldanlagen
subject: Wirtschaft | Konsum
subject: Nachhaltigkeit | Strategien | Internationales

description: Inwieweit berücksichtigen institutionelle Investoren, wie Banken und Fondsmanager, umweltbezogene Leistungskennzahlen in ihren Anlageentscheidungen? Wie könnte eine noch umfassendere Integration erreicht werden? Die Broschüre stellt die zentralen Ergebnisse der zu diesen Fragen durchgeführten Investorenbefragung vor und gibt Empfehlungen sowie Praxisbeispiele.
Framework of Intrinsic Immune Landscape of Dormant Prostate Cancer
Creators: name: Wong, Nelson Kwan Yin
name: Dong, Xin
name: Lin, Yen-Yi
name: Xue, Hui
name: Wu, Rebecca
name: Lin, Dong
name: Collins, Colin C.
name: Wang, Yuzhuo, Ph.D.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2022

description: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard therapy for men with advanced prostate cancer (PCa). PCa often responds to ADT and enters a dormancy period, which can be recognized clinically as a minimal residual disease. However, the majority of these patients will eventually experience a relapse in the form of castration-resistant PCa with poor survival. Therefore, ADT-induced dormancy is a unique time window for treatment that can provide a cure. The study of this well-recognized phase of prostate cancer progression is largely hindered by the scarcity of appropriate clinical tissue and clinically relevant preclinical models. Here, we report the utility of unique and clinically relevant patient-derived xenograft models in the study of the intrinsic immune landscape of dormant PCa. Using data from RNA sequencing, we have reconstructed the immune evasion mechanisms that can be utilized by dormant PCa cells. Since dormant PCa cells need to evade the host immune surveillance for survival, our results provide a framework for further study and for devising immunomodulatory mechanisms that can eliminate dormant PCa cells.
Situating Development of Muslims In Uttar Pradesh - Policy Implications
Creators: name: Shaban, Abdul
name: Venkatanarayana Motkuri
name: Khan, Amir Ullah
name: Divakar, Anjana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Situating Development of Muslims In Uttar Pradesh

description: Muslims constitute the largest minority in India. As per the 2011 Census survey, Muslims constitute 19.26 % of the total population in UP. The community lags far behind other socio-religious categories (SRCs) in educations, economic, employment, housing, landholding, access to credit and other development indicators. The paper situates the development of the Muslim community in Uttar Pradesh by presenting the development indicators, their history, causes and effects and possible interventions to arrest the constant worsening of relative development of the community.
 This paper is a compilation of extracts from the chapters of a forthcoming volume titled Muslims in Uttar Pradesh. 
title: Practice of reporting social characteristics when describing representativeness of epidemiological cohort studies - a rationale for an intersectional perspective
title: Practice of reporting social characteristics when describing representativeness of epidemiological cohort studies
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Jaehn, Philipp
name: Rehling, Julia
name: Klawunn, Ronny
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020

description: Representativeness has been defined as the degree of similarity of a study population compared to an external population. To characterize a study population, both health-related and social or demographic features should be considered according to current guidelines. However, little guidance is given on how to describe social complexity of study populations when aiming to conclude on representativeness. We argue that sociological concepts should inform characterizations of study populations in order to increase credibility of conclusions on representativeness. The concept of intersectionality suggests to conceptualize social location as a combination of characteristics such as sex/gender and ethnicity instead of focusing on each feature independently. To contextualize advantages of integrating the concept of intersectionality when investigating representativeness, we reviewed publications that described the baseline population of selected epidemiological cohort studies. Information on the applied methods to characterize the study population was extracted, as well as reported social characteristics. Nearly all reviewed studies reported descriptive statistics of the baseline population and response proportions. In most publications, study populations were characterized according to place of residence, age and sex/gender while other social characteristics were reported irregularly. Differential patterns of representativeness were revealed in analyses that stratified social characteristics by sex/gender or age. Furthermore, the included studies did not explicitly state the theoretical approach that underlay their description of the study population. Intersectionality might be particularly fruitful when applied to descriptions of representativeness, because this concept provides an understanding of social location that has been developed based on situated experiences of people at the intersection of multiple axes of social power relations. An intersectional perspective, hence, contributes to approximate social complexity of study populations and might contribute to increase validity of conclusions on representativeness of population-based studies. © 2020 The Author(s)
Quantum thermodynamics of an M2-M5 brane system
Creators: name: Pourhassan, Behnam
name: Aounallah, Houcine
name: Faizal, Mir
name: Upadhyay, Sudhaker
name: Soroushfar, Saheb
name: Aitenov, Yermek O.
name: Wani, Salman S.
Publisher: name: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Year: 2022

description: We will investigate a system of M2-M5 branes as a black M2-M5 bound state. The behavior of this system will be investigated at short distances. At such scales, we will have to incorporate quantum gravitational corrections to the supergravity solutions. We will study the non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics of this black M2-M5 bound state. The quantum work for this solution will be obtained using the Jarzynski equality. We will also study the corrections to the thermodynamic stability of this system from quantum gravitational corrections. We will use the concept of a novel quantum mass to analyze the quantum gravitational corrections to the information geometry of this system. This will be done using effective quantum metrics for this system.
Intrinsic negative magnetoresistance from the chiral anomaly of multifold fermions
Creators: name: Balduini, F.
name: Molinari, A.
name: Rocchino, L.
name: Hasse, V.
name: Felser, C.
name: Sousa, M.
name: Zota, C.
name: Schmid, H.
name: Grushin, A. G.
name: Gotsmann, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chiral anomaly, a hallmark of chiral spin-1/2 Weyl fermions, is an imbalance between left- and right-moving particles that underpins both high and low energy phenomena, including particle decay and negative longitudinal magnetoresistance in Weyl semimetals. The discovery that chiral crystals can host higher-spin generalizations of Weyl quasiparticles without high-energy counterparts, known as multifold fermions, raises the fundamental question of whether the chiral anomaly is a more general phenomenon. Answering this question requires materials with chiral quasiparticles within a sizable energy window around the Fermi level, that are unaffected by trivial extrinsic effects such as current jetting. Here we report the chiral anomaly of multifold fermions in CoSi, which features multifold bands within about 0.85 eV around the Fermi level. By excluding current jetting through the squeezing test, we measure an intrinsic, longitudinal negative magnetoresistance. We develop the semiclassical theory of magnetotransport of multifold fermions that shows that the negative magnetoresistance originates in their chiral anomaly, despite a sizable and detrimental orbital magnetic moment contribution, previously unaccounted for. A concomitant nonlinear Hall effect supports the multifold-fermion origin of magnetotransport. Our work confirms the chiral anomaly of higher-spin generalizations of Weyl fermions, currently inaccessible outside the solid-state.
Supermassive gauginos in supergravity inflation with high-scale SUSY breaking
Creators: name: Jang, Hun
name: Porrati, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model of supergravity inflation we recently proposed can produce slow roll inflation and a realistic spectrum of particles even without F-term supersymmetry breaking. Supersymmetry is broken only by a D-term induced by a recently discovered new type of Fayet-Iliopoulos (FI) term. Almost all supersymmetric partners of the standard model fields can get masses as high as the inflationary Hubble scale. The exception is gauginos, for which the vanishing of F-terms implies an exact cancellation that keeps their masses exactly zero. To cure this problem without spoiling the simplicity of our model we introduce a new term that further enlarges the space of supergravity effective actions. It is an F-term that, similarly to the new FI term, becomes singular in the supersymmetric limit. We show that this term can produce large gaugino masses without altering the spectrum of other states and without lowering the cutoff of the effecive theory.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures
Tradizione e traduzione degli inni latini e volgari di Giovanni Pascoli
Creators: name: FLORIMBII, FRANCESCA
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata"
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: filologia; Pascoli, Giovanni; edizione critica; inni
subject: filologia
subject: Pascoli
subject: Giovanni
subject: edizione critica
subject: inni

description: 21. ciclo
Single Image Video Prediction with Auto-Regressive GANs
Creators: name: Huang, Jiahui
name: Chia, Yew Ken
name: Yu, Samson
name: Yee, Kevin
name: Küster, Dennis
name: Krumhuber, Eva G.
name: Herremans, Dorien
name: Roig, Gemma
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2022

description: In this paper, we introduce an approach for future frames prediction based on a single input image. Our method is able to generate an entire video sequence based on the information contained in the input frame. We adopt an autoregressive approach in our generation process, i.e., the output from each time step is fed as the input to the next step. Unlike other video prediction methods that use “one shot” generation, our method is able to preserve much more details from the input image, while also capturing the critical pixel-level changes between the frames. We overcome the problem of generation quality degradation by introducing a “complementary mask” module in our architecture, and we show that this allows the model to only focus on the generation of the pixels that need to be changed, and to reuse those that should remain static from its previous frame. We empirically validate our methods against various video prediction models on the UT Dallas Dataset, and show that our approach is able to generate high quality realistic video sequences from one static input image. In addition, we also validate the robustness of our method by testing a pre-trained model on the unseen ADFES facial expression dataset. We also provide qualitative results of our model tested on a human action dataset: The Weizmann Action database.
Continuous-variable quantum kernel method on a programmable photonic quantum processor
Creators: name: Anai, Keitaro
name: Ikehara, Shion
name: Yano, Yoshichika
name: Okuno, Daichi
name: Takeda, Shuntaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among various quantum machine learning (QML) algorithms, the quantum kernel method has especially attracted attention due to its compatibility with noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices and its potential to achieve quantum advantage. This method performs classification and regression by nonlinearly mapping data into quantum states in a higher dimensional Hilbert space. Thus far, the quantum kernel method has been implemented only on qubit-based systems, but continuous-variable (CV) systems can potentially offer superior computational power by utilizing its infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. Here, we demonstrate the implementation of the classification task with the CV quantum kernel method on a programmable photonic quantum processor. We experimentally prove that the CV quantum kernel method successfully classifies several datasets robustly even under the experimental imperfections, with high accuracies comparable to the classical kernel. This demonstration sheds light on the utility of CV quantum systems for QML and should stimulate further study in other CV QML algorithms.
description: 8 pages and 4 figures
title: Equilibrio contrattuale nei principi UNIDROIT e nel diritto turco
title: Contractual equilibrium in the Unidroit principles and in Turkish law
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: YILDIRIM, AHMET CEMIL
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata"
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: hardship
subject: diritto turco; contratto; principi UNIDROIT; contratti : eccessiva onerosità sopravvenuta; arbitrato; contratti internazionali; ICC; diritto musulmano
subject: hardship
subject: diritto turco
subject: contratto
subject: principi UNIDROIT
subject: contratti : eccessiva onerosità sopravvenuta
subject: arbitrato
subject: contratti internazionali
subject: ICC
subject: diritto musulmano

description: 21. ciclo
Automatische Simulation von Wärmebedarf und -versorgung auf Quartiersebene
Creators: name: Weiler, Verena
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2022
Subjects: Wärmebedarf
Wärmeversorgung
Simulation
Quartier

description: Die Bedeutung von Klimaschutz und Nachhaltigkeit sowie die Forderung nach konkreten Umsetzungsmaßnahmen nimmt in den letzten Jahren in Deutschland stetig zu. In den zuständigen Gemeinden und Landkreisen fehlen allerdings oftmals geeignete Tools zur Berechnung und Bewertung von individuell angepassten Szenarien zur Umstellung der Wärmeversorgung der Gebäude. Viele Analysen finden bislang top-down auf nationaler Ebene statt oder betrachten bottom-up Einzelgebäude. Die allerdings für die Entscheidung und Umsetzung relevante Zwischenebene von Quartieren wird nur selten adressiert. Daher wurde im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit ein Verfahren entwickelt, welches es ermöglicht, Energiebilanzen sowie verschiedene Szenarien für eine nachhaltige Wärmeversorgung der Gebäude für ein Quartier oder eine ganze Kommune zu berechnen, bewerten und vergleichen. Es basiert auf Tools zur Modellierung und Simulation, die unabhängig von dieser Arbeit bereits die Bestimmung der lokalen erneuerbaren Potenziale sowie bestimmte bedarfsseitige Analysen umfassen und an der HFT Stuttgart seit 2013 entwickelt werden. Darauf aufbauend kommen im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit verschiedene Methoden unter anderem aus dem Bereich der Geoinformatik, der heuristischen Entscheidungsfindung, der objektorientierten Modellierung mit UML sowie der mathematischen Modellbildung in Form der physikalische Modellierung mit Python, Java und INSEL zum Einsatz. Fokus ist die Verknüpfung der einzelnen Methoden um eine automatisierte Berechnung von zentralen und dezentralen Wärmeversorgungssystemen zu ermöglichen. Die Anwendung der entwickelten Methoden wird anhand verschiedener Fallstudien gezeigt. Dabei werden die einfache Anwendbarkeit sowie die Übertragbarkeit des Verfahrens demonstriert. Der Abgleich der Simulationsergebnisse mit Messdaten zeigt dabei eine nur geringe Abweichung von 6 % im Jahresmittel. Insgesamt steht mit den Erweiterungen dieser Arbeit ein Werkzeug zur Verfügung, welches den gesamten Bereich der urbanen Gebäudeenergiesimulation abdeckt. Mit nur wenigen, flächendeckend verfügbaren Informationen und einer anschaulichen Nutzeroberfläche können damit Szenarien für die erneuerbare Wärmeversorgung abgebildet und verglichen werden. Diese können zur Entscheidungsfindung in Kommunen und Landkreisen genutzt werden, um so die Umsetzung von konkreten Maßnahmen zur Reduktion von Treibhausgasemissionen zu beschleunigen.
Supplementary document for Frequency-spatial domain joint optimization for improving super-resolution images of nonlinear structured illumination microscopy - 5485601.pdf
Creators: name: Wen, Gang
name: Wang, Linbo
name: Chen, Xiaohu
name: Tang, Yuguo
name: Si-Min, Li
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Optical Technology

description: Supplemental document
Solar neutrinos and leptonic spin forces
Creators: name: Ansarifard, Saeed
name: Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C.
name: Maltoni, Michele
name: Pinheiro, Joao Paulo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantify the effects of light spin-zero particles with pseudoscalar couplings to leptons and scalar couplings to nucleons on the evolution of solar neutrinos. In this scenario the matter potential sourced by the nucleons in the Sun's matter gives rise to spin precession of the relativistic neutrino ensemble. As such the effects in the solar observables are different if neutrinos are Dirac or Majorana particles. For Dirac neutrinos the spin-flavour precession results into left-handed neutrino to right-handed neutrino (i.e., active-sterile) oscillations, while for Majorana neutrinos it results into left-handed neutrino to right-handed antineutrino (i.e., active-active) oscillations. In both cases this leads to distortions in the solar neutrino spectrum which we use to derive constraints on the allowed values of the mediator mass and couplings via a global analysis of the solar neutrino data. In addition for Majorana neutrinos spin-flavour precession results into a potentially observable flux of solar electron antineutrinos at the Earth which we quantify and constrain with the existing bounds from Borexino and KamLAND.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Matches published version
Αρχιτεκτονική και Μέσα Μαζικής Ενημέρωσης (ΜΜΕ): Η χρήση των ΜΜΕ για την προβολή, την προώθηση και την εξέλιξη της αρχιτεκτονικής στην Ελλάδα την περίοδο της υπερνεωτερικότητας
Creators: name: Κοσέογλου, Αικατερίνη Γ.
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Αρχιτεκτονική
subject: Μέσα Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας
subject: Αρχιτεκτονικά Μέσα Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας
subject: Αρχιτεκτονικά Περιοδικά
subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Media
subject: Architectural Media
subject: Architectural Magazines

description: Η διατριβή μελετά τα αρχιτεκτονικά Μέσα Μαζικής Ενημέρωσης (ΜΜΕ) και συγκεκριμένα τα αρχιτεκτονικά έντυπα με στόχο να διερευνήσει τη σχέση τους με το γίγνεσθαι της αρχιτεκτονικής. Η διατριβή αποτελείται από δύο μέρη. Στο πρώτο μέρος αναπτύσσεται ο θεωρητικός προβληματισμός για το ρόλο των ΜΜΕ στη διαμόρφωση και εξέλιξη της αρχιτεκτονικής. Το δεύτερο μέρος της διατριβής συμπεριλαμβάνει την έρευνα πεδίου και αφορά στην καταγραφή, επεξεργασία, ερμηνεία και αξιολόγηση της κατάστασης που επικρατεί στον αρχιτεκτονικό περιοδικό τύπο στην Ελλάδα. Στο πλαίσιο αυτής της κριτικής προσέγγισης και λαμβάνοντας υπόψη την κοινωνικό-οικονομική, τεχνολογική και πολιτισμική συνθήκη της περιόδου της υπενεωτερικότητας διατυπώνονται μία σειρά από προτάσεις με στόχο τη βελτίωση και ενδυνάμωση των αρχιτεκτονικών ΜΜΕ – στην έντυπη αλλά και ψηφιακή τους μορφή- οι οποίες αναφέρονται στους αρχιτέκτονες αλλά και στον αρχιτεκτονικό τύπο.
description: This PhD thesis studies the architectural media and specifically the architectural periodical publications in order to investigate their relationship with the communication and development of architecture. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part establishes the theoretical framework of the role of the media in the communication, promotion and development of architecture. The second part consists of the field research and includes the recording, interpretation and evaluation of the situation of the contemporary architectural media in Greece. In the context of this critical approach and taking into consideration the socio-economic, technological and cultural conditions of the period of hypermodernity, a series of proposals, which are addressed to both architects and to architectural media, are formulated, aiming at improving and strengthening the architectural media in their printed and digital form.
Shell structure and shape transition in odd-$Z$ superheavy nuclei with proton numbers $Z=117, 119$: insights from deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov in continuum
Creators: name: Zhang, Y. X.
name: Liu, B. R.
name: Zhang, K. Y.
name: Yao, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic study on the structural properties of odd-$Z$ superheavy nuclei with proton numbers $Z=117, 119$, and neutron numbers $N$ increasing from $N=170$ to the neutron dripline within the framework of axially deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum (DRHBc). The results are compared with those of even-even superheavy nuclei with proton numbers $Z=118$ and $120$. We analyze various bulk properties of their ground states, including binding energies, quadrupole deformations, root-mean-square radii, nucleon separation energies, and $α$-decay energies. The coexistence of competing prolate and oblate or spherical shapes leads to abrupt changes in both quadrupole deformations and charge radii as functions of neutron numbers. Compared to even-even nuclei, the odd-mass ones exhibit a more complicated transition picture, in which the quantum numbers of $K^π$ of the lowest-energy configuration may change with deformation. This may result in the change of angular momentum in the ground-state to ground-state $α$-decay and thus quench the decay rate in odd-mass nuclei. Moreover, our results demonstrate a pronounced proton shell gap at $Z=120$, instead of $Z=114$, which is consistent with the predictions of most covariant density functional theories. Moreover, large neutron shell gaps are found at $N=172$ and $N=258$ in the four isotopic chains, as well as at $N=184$ in the light two isotopic chains with $Z=117$ and $Z=118$, attributed to the nearly-degenerate $3d$ and $4p$ spin-orbit doublet states due to the presence of bubble structure.
description: 15 pages with 18 figures
Tecniche spettrometriche applicate alla valutazione dell'esposizione della popolazione ad elementi in traccia
Creators: name: MATTEI, DANIELA
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata"
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: biomonitoraggio; elementi in traccia; popolazione sana; popolazione patologica; esposizione professionale; plasma induttivo con rivelazione di massa a settore magnetico; valori di riferimento
subject: biomonitoraggio
subject: elementi in traccia
subject: popolazione sana
subject: popolazione patologica
subject: esposizione professionale
subject: plasma induttivo con rivelazione di massa a settore magnetico
subject: valori di riferimento

description: 21. ciclo
Equilibrio: implicazioni e correlazioni
Creators: name: RANUNCOLI, CRISTINA
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata"
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: whole body vibration
subject: equilibrio statico e dinamico; controllo posturale; ripetibilità; oscillazioni posturali; stazione quieta; centro di pressione; stabilometria; piattaforma di forza
subject: whole body vibration
subject: equilibrio statico e dinamico
subject: controllo posturale
subject: ripetibilità
subject: oscillazioni posturali
subject: stazione quieta
subject: centro di pressione
subject: stabilometria
subject: piattaforma di forza

description: 21. ciclo
Hummer: Towards Limited Competitive Preference Dataset
Creators: name: Jiang, Li
name: Wu, Yusen
name: Xiong, Junwu
name: Ruan, Jingqing
name: Ding, Yichuan
name: Guo, Qingpei
name: Wen, Zujie
name: Zhou, Jun
name: Deng, Xiaotie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Preference datasets are essential for incorporating human preferences into pre-trained language models, playing a key role in the success of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback. However, these datasets often demonstrate conflicting alignment objectives, leading to increased vulnerability to jailbreak attacks and challenges in adapting downstream tasks to prioritize specific alignment objectives without negatively impacting others. In this work, we introduce a novel statistical metric, Alignment Dimension Conflict, to quantify the degree of conflict within preference datasets. We then present \texttt{Hummer} and its fine-grained variant, \texttt{Hummer-F}, as innovative pairwise preference datasets with reduced-conflict alignment objectives. \texttt{Hummer} is built based on UltraFeedback and is enhanced by AI feedback from GPT-4, marking as the first preference dataset aimed at reducing the competition between alignment objectives. Furthermore, we develop reward models, HummerRM and HummerRM-F, which employ a hybrid sampling approach to balance diverse alignment objectives effectively. This sampling method positions HummerRM as an ideal model for domain-specific further fine-tuning and reducing vulnerabilities to attacks.
Analisi dell’impatto di colate detritiche ad alta velocità contro strutture
Creators: name: AMORUSO, ANDREA
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata"
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: impatto; fluidi; colate detritiche; strutture; ingegneria geotecnica
subject: impatto
subject: fluidi
subject: colate detritiche
subject: strutture
subject: ingegneria geotecnica

description: 21. ciclo