cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cosmological Shock Waves and Their Role in the Large Scale Structure of the Universe
Creators: name: Ryu, Dongsu
name: Kang, Hyesung
name: Hallman, Eric
name: Jones, T. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the properties of cosmological shock waves identified in high-resolution, N-body/hydrodynamic simulations of a $Λ$CDM universe and their role on thermalization of gas and acceleration of nonthermal, cosmic ray (CR) particles. External shocks form around sheets, filaments and knots of mass distribution when the gas in void regions accretes onto them. Within those nonlinear structures, internal shocks are produced by infall of previously shocked gas to filaments and knots, and during subclump mergers, as well as by chaotic flow motions. Due to the low temperature of the accreting gas, the Mach number of external shocks is high, extending up to $M\sim 100$ or higher. In contrast, internal shocks have mostly low Mach numbers. For all shocks of $M\ge1.5$ the mean distance between shock surfaces over the entire computed volume is $\sim4 h^{-1}$ Mpc at present, or $\sim 1 h^{-1}$ Mpc for internal shocks within nonlinear structures. Identified external shocks are more extensive, with their surface area $\sim2$ times larger than that of identified internal shocks at present. However, especially because of higher preshock densities, but also due to higher shock speeds, internal shocks dissipate more energy. Hence, the internal shocks are mainly responsible for gas thermalization as well as CR acceleration. In fact, internal shocks with $2 \la M \la 4$ contribute $\sim 1/2$ of the total dissipation. Using a nonlinear diffusive shock acceleration model for CR protons, we estimate the ratio of CR energy to gas thermal energy dissipated at cosmological shock waves to be $\sim1/2$ through the history of the universe. Our result supports scenarios in which the intracluster medium contains energetically significant populations of CRs.
description: 25 pages, 8 figures including 1 in color. To appear in ApJ (v593 n2 August 20, 2003). Postscript file with full resolution ftp://canopus.chungnam.ac.kr/ryu/cosmoshock.ps
Stochastic thermodynamics of an electron-spin-resonance quantum dot system
Creators: name: Luo, JunYan
name: Yan, Yiying
name: Wang, Hailong
name: Hu, Jing
name: He, Xiao-Ling
name: Schaller, Gernot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a stochastic thermodynamics analysis of an electron-spin-resonance pumped quantum dot device in the Coulomb-blocked regime, where a pure spin current is generated without an accompanying net charge current. Based on a generalized quantum master equation beyond secular approximation, quantum coherences are accounted for in terms of an effective average spin in the Floquet basis. Elegantly, this effective spin undergoes a precession about an effective magnetic field, which originates from the non-secular treatment and energy renormalization. It is shown that the interaction between effective spin and effective magnetic field may have the dominant roles to play in both energy transport and irreversible entropy production. In the stationary limit, the energy and entropy balance relations are also established based on the theory of counting statistics.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Scalar field in a minimally coupled brane world: no-hair and other no-go theorems
Creators: name: Bronnikov, K. A.
name: Fadeev, S. B.
name: Michtchenko, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the brane-world framework, we consider static, spherically symmetric configurations of a scalar field with the Lagrangian $(\dϕ)^2/2 - V(ϕ)$, confined on the brane. We use the 4D Einstein equations on the brane obtained by Shiromizu et al., containing the usual stress tensor $T\mN$, the tensor $Π\mN$, quadratic in $T\mN$, and $E\mN$ describing interaction with the bulk. For models under study, the tensor $Π\mN$ has zero divergence, so we can consider a "minimally coupled" brane with $E\mN = 0$, whose 4D gravity is decoupled from the bulk geometry. Assuming $E\mN =0$, we try to extend to brane worlds some theorems valid for scalar fields in general relativity (GR). Thus, the list of possible global causal structures in all models under consideration is shown to be the same as is known for vacuum with a $Lambda$ term in GR: Minkowski, Schwarzschild, (A)dS and Schwarzschild-(A)dS. A no-hair theorem, saying that, given a potential $V\geq 0$, asymptotically flat black holes cannot have nontrivial external scalar fields, is proved under certain restrictions. Some objects, forbidden in GR, are allowed on the brane, e.g, traversable wormholes supported by a scalar field, but only at the expense of enormous matter densities in the strong field region.
description: 8 pages, Latex2e. Numerical estimates and a few references added
Numerical Study of Compressible Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Lee, Hyesook
name: Ryu, Dongsu
name: Kim, Jongsoo
name: Jones, T. W.
name: Balsara, Dinshaw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied forced turbulence of compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows through two-dimensional simulations with different numerical resolutions. First, hydrodynamic turbulence with Mach number $_{\rm init} \equiv < v >_{\rm rms}/ c_s = 1$ and density compression ${< δρ/ ρ>}_{\rm rms} \simeq 0.45$ was generated by enforcing a random force. Then, initial, uniform magnetic fields of various strengths were added with Alfvénic Mach number $_{\rm init} \equiv < v >_{\rm rms} / c_{A, {\rm init}} \gg 1$. An isothermal equation of state was employed, and no explicit dissipation was included. After the MHD turbulence is saturated, the resulting flows are categorized as very weak field (VWF), weak field (WF), and strong field (SF) classes, which have $ \equiv < v >_{\rm rms} / < c_A >_{\rm rms} \gg 1$, $ > 1$, and $ \sim 1$, respectively. Not only in the SF regime but also in the WF regime, turbulent transport is suppressed by the magnetic field. In the SF cases, the energy power spectra in the inertial range, although no longer power-law, exhibit a range with slopes close to $\sim1.5$, hinting the Iroshnikov-Kraichnan spectrum. Our simulations were able to produce the SF class behaviors only with high resolution of at least $1024^2$ grid cells. The specific requirements for the simulation of the SF class should depend on the code (and the numerical scheme) as well as the initial setup, but our results do indicate that very high resolution would be required for converged results in simulation studies of MHD turbulence.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures. To appear in ApJ. Postscript file with full resolution in ftp://canopus.chungnam.ac.kr/ryu/mhdturb2d.ps
Study of Solid-Phase Reactions of metals on GaAs
Creators: name: Liew, Boon-Khim
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1985
Subjects: Electrical Engineering

description: To make stable and reproducible contacts to GaAs, metals which react with GaAs in the solid-phase should be favored. In this study, contacts formed employing Pd/TiN/Pd/Ag, Pd:Mg/TiN/Pd:Mg/Ag and Ru/TiN/Ru/Ag are studied.  The TiN layer is included to investigate its application as diffusion barrier in these metallizations. Contacts to n-GaAs are rectifying and the value of barrier height is modified upon annealing. Contacts to p-GaAs are initially rectifying but exhibit ohmic behaviour after annealing. The modifications in the electrical properties are attributed to the solid-phase reaction of metal and GaAs. The integrity of the contacts relies critically on the success of TiN to prevent the intermixing of Ag overlayer and the underlying layers. At elevated annealing temperatures (450°C), TiN fails to function as a diffusion barrier. As a result, the properties of the contact deteriorates.
Comparative study of the adsorption and photo-reduction of hexavalent chromium onto AlPO4-11 and SAPO-31 substituted Fe2O3 from aqueous solutions: Synthesis, characterization, kinetic and thermodynamic studies
Creators: name: Sebati Farouk
name: Nibou Djamel
name: Amokrane Samira
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: AlPO4-11/Fe2O3 and SAPO-31/Fe2O3 composites were used in the adsorption and reduction of chromium ions in order to compare their catalytic performances. They are characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS. The nature of coordination units of nuclei 27Al, 31P and 29Si was determined by MAS-NMR. The best performances on photo-reduction (99%) were obtained on the SAPO-31/Fe2O3 due to its acidic surface Fe2O3 oxides properties. The estimate of the thermodynamic parameters ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° revealed that photo-reduction process was spontaneous, exothermic for AlPO4-11/Fe2O3 and endothermic for SAPO-31/Fe2O3. The process follows the first pseudo order kinetic rationalized by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (HL) model.
References from Sea star inspired crawling and bouncing
Creators: name: Heydari, Sina
name: Johnson, Amy
name: Ellers, Olaf
name: McHenry, Matthew J.
name: Kanso, Eva
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biological Engineering
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The oral surface of sea stars is lined with arrays of tube feet that enable them to achieve highly controlled locomotion on various terrains. The activity of the tube feet is orchestrated by a nervous system that is distributed throughout the body without a central brain. How such a distributed nervous system produces a coordinated locomotion is yet to be understood. We develop mathematical models of the biomechanics of the tube feet and the sea star body. In the model, the feet are coupled mechanically through their structural connection to a rigid body. We formulate hierarchical control laws that capture salient features of the sea star nervous system. Namely, at the tube foot level, the power and recovery strokes follow a state-dependent feedback controller. At the system level, a directionality command is communicated through the nervous system to all tube feet. We study the locomotion gaits afforded by this hierarchical control model. We find that these minimally coupled tube feet coordinate to generate robust forward locomotion, reminiscent of the crawling motion of sea stars, on various terrains and for heterogeneous tube feet parameters and initial conditions. Our model also predicts a transition from crawling to bouncing consistently with recent experiments. We conclude by commenting on the implications of these findings for understanding the neuromechanics of sea stars and their potential application to autonomous robotic systems.
Relativistically rotating dust
Creators: name: Neugebauer, Gernot
name: Kleinwächter, Andreas
name: Meinel, Reinhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dust configurations play an important role in astrophysics and are the simplest models for rotating bodies. The physical properties of the general--relativistic global solution for the rigidly rotating disk of dust, which has been found recently as the solution of a boundary value problem, are discussed.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures
Spatiotemporal dissipative solitons and vortices in a multi-transverse-mode fiber laser
Creators: name: Mayteevarunyoo, Thawatchai
name: Malomed, Boris A.
name: Skryabin, Dmitry V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a model for spatiotemporal modelocking in multimode fiber lasers, which is based on the (3+1)-dimensional cubic-quintic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (cGLE) with conservative and dissipative nonlinearities and a 2-dimensional transverse trapping potential. Systematic numerical analysis reveals a variety of stable nonlinear modes, including stable fundamental solitons and breathers, as well as solitary vortices with winding number $n=1$, while vortices with $n=2$ are unstable, splitting into persistently rotating bound states of two unitary vortices. A characteristic feature of the system is bistability between the fundamental and vortex spatiotemporal solitons.
description: 12 pages, 13 Figures, to be published in Optics Express 2019
Symmetry Scheme for Amino Acid Codons
Creators: name: Balakrishnan, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Group theoretical concepts are invoked in a specific model to explain how only twenty amino acids occur in nature out of a possible sixty four. The methods we use enable us to justify the occurrence of the recently discovered twenty first amino acid selenocysteine, and also enables us to predict the possible existence of two more, as yet undiscovered amino acids.
description: 18 pages which include 4 figures & 3 tables
Emergent discrete time and quantization: relativistic particle with extradimensions
Creators: name: Elze, H. -T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the reparametrization invariant system of a classical relativistic particle moving in (5+1) dimensions, of which two internal ones are compactified to form a torus. A discrete physical time is constructed based on a quasi-local invariant observable. Due to ergodicity, it is simply related to the proper time on average. The external motion in Minkowski space can then be described as a unitary quantum mechanical evolution.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures; replaced with embedded figures and fixed layout
Determinants and Extent of Use of Minimum Tillage Practices among Zambian Smallholder Crop Farmers from 2008 to 2012
Creators: name: Ngoma, Hambulo
name: Mulenga, Brian P.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Ngoma, Hambulo
name: Mulenga, Brian P.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Minimum Tillage
subject: Determinants
subject: Double Hurdle Model
subject: Zambia
subject: Smallholder farmers

description: This study used nationally representative pooled cross-sectional household data to assess determinants of farmers’ decisions to use minimum tillage and how much land is cultivated using minimum tillage between 2008 and 2012 in Zambia. Empirical results from the Double Hurdle model show that age of the household head, landholding size, incidences of flood and droughts in the previous season significantly influence the probability of farmers using minimum tillage and the amount of land they cultivate under minimum tillage. For example, results show that increasing landholding size owned by households by 1 hectare would on average increase land cultivated under minimum tillage by 0.03 hectares. This result suggests that increasing landholding sizes among farmers provides them with more flexibility in making conservation farming decisions. We also found robust evidence suggesting that farmers in the current season would reduce the amount of land put under minimum tillage following a season with floods. We also found that farmers are more likely to use minimum tillage in the current season following a season with droughts. These results seem to suggest that farmers are using conservation farming practices in response to rainfall variability. Findings of this study underscore the importance of improving land access for smallholder farmers and timely gathering and disseminating of weather information in order to facilitate farmer’s decision to adopt conservation farming practices.
Additional file 2 of Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation to promote extubation success in critically ill adults on intensive care: protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility trial
Creators: name: Swingwood, Ema
name: Voss, Sarah
name: Tume, Lyvonne N.
name: Bewley, Jeremy
name: Turner, Nicholas
name: Ntoumenopoulos, George
name: Rose, Louise
name: Cramp, Fiona
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Appendix 1. Intervention arm protocol.
Production Cost Asymmetry, Minimum Access and Reciprocal Dumping
Creators: name: Abbassi, Abdessalem
name: Tamini, Lota D.
name: Dakhlaoui, Ahlem
name: Abbassi, Abdessalem
name: Tamini, Lota D.
name: Dakhlaoui, Ahlem
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Minimum Access
subject: Reciprocal dumping
subject: cost asymmetry

description: In this article we propose a bilateral dumping model in which the minimum access level is endogenous. Regions compete with one another using Cournot conjectures and engage in interregional dumping as in Brander and Krugman’s (1983) reciprocal dumping model. International trade is hindered by restrictive Tariff rate Quota (TRQs). The model features two regions and one product. We derive the conditions under which it is optimal to observe interregional trade and those under which trade does not exist. The results show that the world price and the difference in production costs between regions play an important role in determining whether bilateral trade exists. In the presence of bilateral trade, the region with the largest market size will obtain the largest share of import volumes permitted under the minimum access system while in the absence of interregional trade, the distribution of import permits between regions will also depends on the product cost asymmetry. When only the most efficient region exports to the least efficient region, production costs asymmetry, transaction costs and world price level determine whether the smaller or larger region obtains the larger share of product import allowed under minimum access commitment. In all cases, we show that in a country like Canada, creation of “artificial barriers” to interprovincial trade of products under supply management system lowers the welfare of at least one of the regions, along with the global welfare.
Efficient visible-light photocatalytic ozonation for dye degradation using Fe2O3/MoS2 nanocomposite
Creators: name: Bagheri, Fatemeh
name: Chaibakhsh, Naz
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: In this study, Fe2O3/MoS2 nanocomposite was fabricated by a simple method and utilized in the visible-light photocatalytic ozonation (PCO) process for the removal of a recalcitrant azo dye, Acid Blue 113. The process was analyzed and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box–Behnken design (BBD). Maximum dye removal (99.0%) was achieved at pH = 6.4 using 20 mg of the nanocomposite, 0.2 g l−1 h−1 ozone flow, and 45 min. Application of the PCO process for the treatment of real textile wastewater revealed that the O3/vis light/nanocomposite system is more efficient than the bare catalysts, ozone, and O3/light systems. Kinetic study showed that the PCO process obeyed pseudo-first-order and Langmuir–Hinshelwood models. The as-synthesized Fe2O3/MoS2 nanocatalyst showed high stability in the PCO process with 92% dye degradation after eight repetitive cycles. The results show that the nanocatalyst comprising α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and MoS2 nanosheets can be efficiently applied in the wastewater treatment by the PCO process.
What are the effects of input subsidy programs on equilibrium maize prices? Evidence from Malawi and Zambia
Creators: name: Ricker-Gilbert, Jacob
name: Mason, Nicole M.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Darko, Francis Addeah
name: Tembo, Solomon
name: Ricker-Gilbert, Jacob
name: Mason, Nicole M.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Darko, Francis Addeah
name: Tembo, Solomon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Demand and Price Analysis

description: An important hypothesized benefit of large-scale input subsidy programs in Africa is that by raising maize production, the subsidies should put downward pressure on retail maize prices to the benefit of urban consumers and the rural poor who tend to be net food buyers. To inform debates related to this rationale for input subsidies, this study estimates the effects of fertilizer subsidies on retail maize prices in Malawi and Zambia using market or district-level panel data covering the 2000/01 to 2011/12 maize marketing years. Results indicate that roughly doubling the size of Malawi’s subsidy program (i.e., increasing the amount of subsidized fertilizer distributed to each district by 4,000 metric tons per year) reduces maize prices by 1.2% to 1.6% on average. In Zambia, roughly doubling the scale of the country’s subsidy program (i.e., increasing the amount of subsidized fertilizer distributed to each district by 1,000 metric tons per year) reduces maize prices by 1.8% to 2.4% on average. The results are robust across countries and model specifications, and indicate that the fertilizer subsidy programs in Malawi and Zambia have had a minimal effect on reducing retail maize prices.
Universal quantum control in irreducible state-space sectors: application to bosonic and spin-boson systems
Creators: name: Giorda, Paolo
name: Zanardi, Paolo
name: Lloyd, Seth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the dynamical-algebraic approach to universal quantum control introduced in P. Zanardi, S. Lloyd, quant-ph/0305013. The quantum state-space $\cal H$ encoding information decomposes into irreducible sectors and subsystems associated to the group of available evolutions. If this group coincides with the unitary part of the group-algebra $\CC{\cal K}$ of some group $\cal K$ then universal control is achievable over the ${\cal K}$-irreducible components of $\cal H$. This general strategy is applied to different kind of bosonic systems. We first consider massive bosons in a double-well and show how to achieve universal control over all finite-dimensional Fock sectors. We then discuss a multi-mode massless case giving the conditions for generating the whole infinite-dimensional multi-mode Heisenberg-Weyl enveloping-algebra. Finally we show how to use an auxiliary bosonic mode coupled to finite-dimensional systems to generate high-order non-linearities needed for universal control.
description: 10 pages, LaTeX, no figures
Infrastructure, services, and smallholder income growth: evidence from Kenyan panel data
Creators: name: Chamberlin, Jordan
name: Chamberlin, Jordan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Consumer/Household Economics

description: This essay investigates the relationship between rural household income growth and access to electricity, extension services and roads. Following Dercon et al (2009), I outline a household income growth model that includes access to these public goods as growth conditioners. I estimate the model using panel data on Kenyan smallholders covering the period 2000-2010. I find that the expansion of electricity, feeder roads and agricultural extension services are all important conditioners. Access to agricultural extension services has a particularly strong impact on growth. As an extension of the growth model, I investigate whether spatial spillovers in public goods exist and to what extent these spillovers contribute to household growth. I find strong evidence of spatial dependence in the growth process. Specification tests support a spatial Durbin model which allows for both endogenous spatial dependence in outcomes and exogenous spatial dependence through access conditions in neighboring areas. Direct and indirect spatial spillover effects have the greatest impact through feeder roads, suggesting that conventional (non-spatial) estimates of partial effects may be particularly prone to downward bias. Results from this study also indicate the importance of rural services and electricity to household growth outcomes, suggesting that studies of rural infrastructure which focus exclusively on road networks will miss important dimensions of rural accessibility and economic remoteness.
Reichenbachia goryi Pselaphinae
Creators: name: Asenjo, Angélico
name: e, Sistemática
name: de, Bioecologia
name: Coleoptera
name: Zoologia
name: Federal, Universidade
name: Cep
name: Curitiba
name: Irmler, Ulrich
name: Klimaszewski, Jan
name: Herman, Lee H.
name: Chandler, Donald S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Caryophyllales
Nyctaginaceae
Reichenbachia
Reichenbachia goryi

description: Reichenbachia goryi (Aubé 1833: 30) (Pselaphinae)
 Distribution. Colombia.
Aubé (1844: 117) listed this species from Colombia, and has been followed by all subsequent authors except for L.W. Schaufuss (1887: 121), who erroneously listed this species from Brazil.
description: Published as part of Asenjo, Angélico, e, Sistemática, de, Bioecologia, Coleoptera, Zoologia, Federal, Universidade, Cep, Curitiba, Irmler, Ulrich, Klimaszewski, Jan, Herman, Lee H. & Chandler, Donald S., 2013, A complete checklist with new records and geographical distribution of the rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of Brazil, pp. 1-419 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (277) on page 364, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5184652
Precision limits of tissue microstructure characterization by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Creators: name: Zwick, Analia
name: Suter, Dieter
name: Kurizki, Gershon
name: Alvarez, Gonzalo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Characterization of microstructures in live tissues is one of the keys to diagnosing early stages of pathology and understanding disease mechanisms. However, the extraction of reliable information on biomarkers based on microstructure details is still a challenge, as the size of features that can be resolved with non-invasive Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is orders of magnitude larger than the relevant structures. Here we derive from quantum information theory the ultimate precision limits for obtaining such details by MRI probing of water-molecule diffusion. We show that already available MRI pulse sequences can be optimized to attain the ultimate precision limits by choosing control parameters that are uniquely determined by the expected size, the diffusion coefficient and the spin relaxation time $T_{2}$. By attaining the ultimate precision limit per measurement, the number of measurements and the total acquisition time may be drastically reduced compared to the present state of the art. These results will therefore allow MRI to advance towards unravelling a wealth of diagnostic information.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Low frequency X-ray timing with Gaussian processes and reverberation in the radio-loud AGN 3C 120
Creators: name: Wilkins, D. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A framework is developed to perform Fourier-domain timing analysis on X-ray light curves with gaps, employing Gaussian processes to model the probability distribution underlying the observed time series from which continuous samples can be drawn. A technique is developed to measure X-ray reverberation from the inner regions of accretion discs around black holes in the low frequency components of the variability, on timescales longer than can be probed employing standard Fourier techniques. This enables X-ray reverberation experiments to be performed using data from satellites in low-Earth orbit such as NICER, NuSTAR and the proposed X-ray timing mission STROBE-X, and enables long timescale reverberation around higher mass AGN to be measured by combining multiple observations. Gaussian processes are applied to observations of the broad line radio galaxy 3C120 spanning two orbits with XMM-Newton to measure the relative time lags of successive X-ray energy bands. The lag-energy spectrum between 5E-6 and 3E-5Hz, estimated using Gaussian processes, reveals X-ray reverberation from the inner accretion disc for the first time in this radio-loud AGN. Time lags in the relativistically broadened iron K line are significantly detected. The core of the line lags behind the continuum by (3800 +/- 1500)s, suggesting a scale height of the corona of (13 +/- 8)rg above the disc. The ability to compare the structure of coronae in radio loud AGN to their radio quiet counterparts will yield important insight into the mechanisms by which black holes are able to launch jets.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Relic Radio Bubbles and Cluster Cooling Flows
Creators: name: De Young, David S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent suggestions that buoyant radio emitting cavities in the intracluster medium can cause significant reheating of cooling flows are re-examined when the effects of the intracluster magnetic field are included. Expansion of the cavity creates a tangential magnetic field in the ICM around the radio source, and this field can suppress instabilities that mix the ICM and the radio source. The onset of instability can be delayed for ~100 million years, and calculation of the actual reheating time shows that this may not occur until about 1Gy after creation of the cavity. These results may explain why the relic radio bubbles are still intact at such late times, and it may imply that the role of radio sources in reheating the ICM should be re-examined. In addition, the existence of relic radio cavities may also imply that the particle content of radio source lobes is primarily electrons and protons rather than electrons and positrons.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, to be published in MNRAS
The General Interconnect Problem of Integrated Circuits
Creators: name: Ngai, John Yee-Keung
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer Science

description: This thesis is concerned with the interconnection problem of custom integrated circuits. It may be broadly defined as the transformation of circuit description represented by the notion of modules together with the circuit connectivity requirements, into wiring patterns which implement the required connectivities. Conventional approaches to its solution are presented. Issues such as partition to placement and routing and various layout optimization tradeoffs are discussed. A detail hierarchical routing model with timing considerations that extends naturally to multiple conducting layer environment is presented. Several of the implications of this extension are also discussed.

The rest of this thesis deals with an experiment with the stepping approach to routing as an alternative to the conventional cellular approach emphasizing simplicity rather than optimization. Algorithms for routing signals and power developed for the stepping router are presented. An implementation of this approach by the author together with some test examples and their results are also described. This thesis concludes with a few suggestions for further research work in this area which the author considers very important from the experience gained during the work on this thesis.
Reichenbachia nasalis Pselaphinae
Creators: name: Asenjo, Angélico
name: e, Sistemática
name: de, Bioecologia
name: Coleoptera
name: Zoologia
name: Federal, Universidade
name: Cep
name: Curitiba
name: Irmler, Ulrich
name: Klimaszewski, Jan
name: Herman, Lee H.
name: Chandler, Donald S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Caryophyllales
Nyctaginaceae
Reichenbachia
Reichenbachia nasalis

description: Reichenbachia nasalis (Reitter 1900: 11) (Pselaphinae)
 Distribution. Colombia.
 This name is the replacement name for Bryaxis nasuta Reitter (1882a: 142), which was described from Honda am Magdalena, in Colombia. Schaufuss (1887: 119) listed this species from “ Brasilia ”, which was repeated by the following authors (Blackwelder 1944: 94; Park 1942: 146; Raffray 1904b: 241 [lists Bresil only]; Raffray 1908a: 240; Raffray 1911: 103; Reitter 1900: 11; C. Schaufuss 1888: 29). Newton et al. (2005: 39) pointed out that the record for Brazil is an error based on the known data.
description: Published as part of Asenjo, Angélico, e, Sistemática, de, Bioecologia, Coleoptera, Zoologia, Federal, Universidade, Cep, Curitiba, Irmler, Ulrich, Klimaszewski, Jan, Herman, Lee H. & Chandler, Donald S., 2013, A complete checklist with new records and geographical distribution of the rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of Brazil, pp. 1-419 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (277) on page 364, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5184652
title: Zellen sind Individualisten — Entscheidungsprozesse auf Einzelzellebene
Creators: name: Lenhardt, Sonja
name: Hartmann, Laura
name: Legewie, Stefan
name: Loewer, Alexander
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2025

description: Decision-making is a fundamental aspect of life. However, our understanding of how cells encode and decode information to enable reliable fate decisions remains limited. Employing live cell imaging and automated analysis, our research unveils substantial heterogeneity in the cellular response to TGFβ and sheds light on the intricate link between the dynamics of SMAD signaling, the state of individual cells and their fate decisions.
Radiation from accelerated black holes in de Sitter universe
Creators: name: Krtous, Pavel
name: Podolsky, Jiri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiative properties of gravitational and electromagnetic fields generated by uniformly accelerated charged black holes in asymptotically de Sitter spacetime are studied by analyzing the C-metric exact solution of the Einstein-Maxwell equations with a positive cosmological constant. Its global structure and physical properties are thoroughly discussed. We explicitly find and describe the specific pattern of radiation which exhibits the dependence of the fields on a null direction along which the (spacelike) conformal infinity is approached. This directional characteristic of radiation supplements the peeling behavior of the fields near the infinity. The interpretation of the solution is achieved by means of various coordinate systems, and suitable tetrads. Relation to the Robinson-Trautman framework is also presented.
description: 28 pages, 9 figures, RevTeX
Reichenbachia rubra Pselaphinae
Creators: name: Asenjo, Angélico
name: e, Sistemática
name: de, Bioecologia
name: Coleoptera
name: Zoologia
name: Federal, Universidade
name: Cep
name: Curitiba
name: Irmler, Ulrich
name: Klimaszewski, Jan
name: Herman, Lee H.
name: Chandler, Donald S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Caryophyllales
Nyctaginaceae
Reichenbachia
Reichenbachia rubra

description: Reichenbachia rubra (Aubé 1844: 115) (Pselaphinae)
 Distribution. Colombia.
Aubé (1844: 115) described this species from Colombia, but L. W. Schaufuss (1887: 120) listed it as from Brazil. Several authorse listed it from or outside Colombia (Blackwelder 1944: 94; Park 1942: 141; Raffray 1904b: 235; Raffray 1908a: 238; Raffray 1911: 100) or from Rio de Janeiro (C. Schaufuss 1888: 31). Newton et al. (2005: 39) indicated that the inclusion of this species in Brazil is in error.
description: Published as part of Asenjo, Angélico, e, Sistemática, de, Bioecologia, Coleoptera, Zoologia, Federal, Universidade, Cep, Curitiba, Irmler, Ulrich, Klimaszewski, Jan, Herman, Lee H. & Chandler, Donald S., 2013, A complete checklist with new records and geographical distribution of the rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of Brazil, pp. 1-419 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (277) on page 364, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5184652
Gravitational waves, CMB polarization, and the Hubble tension
Creators: name: Jeong, Donghui
name: Kamionkowski, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discrepancy between the Hubble parameter inferred from local measurements and that from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) has motivated careful scrutiny of the assumptions that enter both analyses. Here we point out that the location of the recombination peak in the CMB B-mode power spectrum is determined by the light horizon at the surface of last scatter and thus provides an alternative early-Universe standard ruler. It can thus be used as a cross-check for the standard ruler inferred from the acoustic peaks in the CMB temperature power spectrum and to test various explanations for the Hubble tension. The measurement can potentially be carried out with a precision of $\lesssim2\%$ with stage-IV B-mode experiments. The measurement can also be used to measure the propagation speed of gravitational waves in the early Universe.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Rhytus oberthueri Pselaphinae
Creators: name: Asenjo, Angélico
name: e, Sistemática
name: de, Bioecologia
name: Coleoptera
name: Zoologia
name: Federal, Universidade
name: Cep
name: Curitiba
name: Irmler, Ulrich
name: Klimaszewski, Jan
name: Herman, Lee H.
name: Chandler, Donald S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Rhytus
Rhytus oberthueri

description: Rhytus oberthueri (Raffray 1891: 327) (Pselaphinae)
 Distribution. Peru.
Raffray (1891: 327) described this species from “ Amazones. Cavallo Cocho [Caballo Cocha]” collected by Marc de Mathan during his first expedition to Amazon region of Peru between 1879 to 1889 (Lamas 1980: 27). Subsequently, Park (1942: 347) attributed this record to Brazil and by other authors to the Amazon region of Brazil (Raffray 1890a: 163; Raffray 1905: 444; Raffray 1908a: 412; Raffray 1909: 47; Raffray 1911: 171; Wasmann 1894: 102). Brazil should not be considered as part of its distribution.
description: Published as part of Asenjo, Angélico, e, Sistemática, de, Bioecologia, Coleoptera, Zoologia, Federal, Universidade, Cep, Curitiba, Irmler, Ulrich, Klimaszewski, Jan, Herman, Lee H. & Chandler, Donald S., 2013, A complete checklist with new records and geographical distribution of the rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of Brazil, pp. 1-419 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (277) on page 364, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5184652
Type Inference in a Declarationless, Object-Oriented Language
Creators: name: Holstege, Eric J.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1982
Subjects: Computer Science

description: In recent years, two developments in the design of programming languages have yielded significant improvements in a number of areas from the standard FBAPP programming model. These are the object-oriented paradigm, and variable polymorphism.

The object-oriented programming model allows the specification, hence restriction of the operations allowed on a data structure, something not possible with the more traditional PASCAL-style record structuring. This
ability to encapsulate data from the outside world gives a greater security and error avoidance in very large software projects involving many programmers.

In addition, the object-oriented style is conceptually easy to program in, providing a useful framework for the subdivision of large problems into manageable pieces. This property is essential for the rapid and reliable
implementation of large software systems.

Variable polymorphism refers to the ability of variables to change types at runtime. This is in contradistinction to typelessness (as in BLISS) where variables have no types associated with them. In most common languages,
the programmer must declare the types of all the variables he uses; these types are then static throughout the execution of the program. Declarations allow the compiler to produce efficient code and to identify errors whose
detection must other-wise be deferred until runtime; however, they sacrifices a good deal of the generality which is possible with less stringent variable
binding schemes. On the other hand, languages which don't require declarations, and which allow variables to change types, such as SNOBOL and LISP, provide this generality by virtue of their extremely late binding, but thereby sacrifice efficiency.

SMALLTALK is perhaps the purest language which embodies both object-orientedness and declarationlessness. Unfortunately, these two features, while of great benefit in increasing programmer productivity and program
reliability, suffer heavily from the point of view of runtime efficiency.

The project is to investigate ways to obtain the undeniable advantages of polymorphism and object-orientedness, without sacrificing runtime
efficiency. More specifically, the goal is to build a compiler for a dialect of SMALLTALK for the VAX under UNIX (Berkeley 4.1bsd), which incorporates data-flow type inference algorithms enabling it to produce executable
programs of an efficiency comparable to that of programs produced by compilers for more traditional but less powerful languages.

The optimization methods are described, test results are examined, and indications of future directions are given.
A Multi-Frequency Radio Study of Supernova Remnant G292.0+1.8 and its Pulsar Wind Nebula
Creators: name: Gaensler, B. M.
name: Wallace, B. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) We present a detailed radio study of the young supernova remnant (SNR) G292.0+1.8 and its associated pulsar PSR J1124-5916, using the Australia Telescope Compact Array at observing wavelengths of 20, 13 and 6 cm. We find that the radio morphology of the source consists of three main components: a polarized flat-spectrum central core coincident with the pulsar J1124-5916, a surrounding circular steep-spectrum plateau with sharp outer edges and, superimposed on the plateau, a series of radial filaments with spectra significantly flatter than their surroundings. HI absorption argues for a lower limit on the distance to the system of 6 kpc. The core clearly corresponds to radio emission from a pulsar wind nebula powered by PSR J1124-5916, while the plateau represents the surrounding SNR shell. The plateau's sharp outer rim delineates the SNR's forward shock, while the thickness of the plateau region demonstrates that the forward and reverse shocks are well-separated. Assuming a distance of 6 kpc and an age for the source of 2500 yr, we infer an expansion velocity for the SNR of ~1200 km/s and an ambient density ~0.9 cm^-3. We interpret the flat-spectrum radial filaments superimposed on the steeper-spectrum plateau as Rayleigh-Taylor unstable regions between the forward and reverse shocks of the SNR. The flat radio spectrum seen for these features results from efficient second-order Fermi acceleration in strongly amplified magnetic fields.
description: 11 pages of text, plus 7 embedded EPS figures. Accepted to ApJ. Added missing units on x-axis of Fig 7
Explaining investments in sustainable land management: The role of various income sources in the smallholder farming systems of western Kenya
Creators: name: Tanui, Joseph
name: Groeneveld, Rolf
name: Klomp, Jeroen
name: Mowo, Jeremiahs
name: Ierland, Ekko C. Van
name: Tanui, Joseph
name: Groeneveld, Rolf
name: Klomp, Jeroen
name: Mowo, Jeremiahs
name: Ierland, Ekko C. Van
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Non-farm income
subject: Natural Resource Management based income
subject: Soil erosion prevention
subject: Soil fertility management

description: Smallholder farms in the humid highlands of East Africa are undergoing changes that question the notion of the rural space. Characterized by land degradation, increasing population pressure, intensive farming and continuous cropping in small plots, smallholder farmers have increasingly embraced additional forms of nonfarm income generation activities. The observed changes put to question parameters used in the analysis of smallholder farming systems in the region. In this paper, we endeavour to analyze how these changes in smallholder farming systems influence investments of proven sustainable land management practices. The paper is based on a study of 320 farm households comprising 494 plots in the western Kenya region. For cross-section data, use is made of the OLS and instrumental variable methods to explain investments in sustainable land management. In contrast to a number of recent studies, specification is made of non-farm income (NonFarmincome) as income from non-agricultural activities, and natural resource-based income (NRMincome) as income from natural resource management activities undertaken away from individual farm holdings. The NRMincome activities have an implication on landscape conservation, as they are mainly undertaken in communal and other public lands. Results show that non-farm income contributes to investments in soil prevention practices, contrary to the results of a number of studies looking broadly at off-farm incomes. The findings have implications for suitable policies for enhancing sustainable land management. This study argues that those policies need to focus on landscape level conservation, enhance non-farm income, and address impacts on communal lands and other common property regimes resulting from smallholder farmers’ natural resource management income strategies.
Moving black holes via singularity excision
Creators: name: Shoemaker, D.
name: Smith, K.
name: Sperhake, U.
name: Laguna, P.
name: Schnetter, E.
name: Fiske, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a singularity excision algorithm appropriate for numerical simulations of black holes moving throughout the computational domain. The method is an extension of the excision procedure previously used to obtain stable simulations of single, non-moving black holes. The excision procedure also shares elements used in recent work to study the dynamics of a scalarfield in the background of a single, boosted black hole. The robustness of our excision method is tested with single black-hole evolutions using a coordinate system in which the coordinate location of the black hole, and thus the excision boundary, moves throughout the computational domain.
description: 9 pages and 11 figures