cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Copy-and-Patch Compilation: A fast compilation algorithm for high-level languages and bytecode
Creators: name: Xu, Haoran
name: Kjolstad, Fredrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fast compilation is important when compilation occurs at runtime, such as query compilers in modern database systems and WebAssembly virtual machines in modern browsers. We present copy-and-patch, an extremely fast compilation technique that also produces good quality code. It is capable of lowering both high-level languages and low-level bytecode programs to binary code, by stitching together code from a large library of binary implementation variants. We call these binary implementations stencils because they have holes where missing values must be inserted during code generation. We show how to construct a stencil library and describe the copy-and-patch algorithm that generates optimized binary code. We demonstrate two use cases of copy-and-patch: a compiler for a high-level C-like language intended for metaprogramming and a compiler for WebAssembly. Our high-level language compiler has negligible compilation cost: it produces code from an AST in less time than it takes to construct the AST. We have implemented an SQL database query compiler on top of this metaprogramming system and show that on TPC-H database benchmarks, copy-and-patch generates code two orders of magnitude faster than LLVM -O0 and three orders of magnitude faster than higher optimization levels. The generated code runs an order of magnitude faster than interpretation and 14% faster than LLVM -O0. Our WebAssembly compiler generates code 4.9X-6.5X faster than Liftoff, the WebAssembly baseline compiler in Google Chrome. The generated code also outperforms Liftoff's by 39%-63% on the Coremark and PolyBenchC WebAssembly benchmarks.
R-Modes on Rapidly Rotating, Relativistic Stars : II. Blackbody Emission
Creators: name: Heyl, Jeremy S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rossby waves (or r-modes) on the surface of a neutron star have become a leading model for the oscillations observed during the tail of Type-I X-ray bursts. Their frequency evolution matches well with the observed frequency drifts of the oscillations in the bursts, and the burning appears to excite these waves quite naturally. This paper addresses the detailed shape of the expected flux profiles from r-modes on neutron stars as a function of energy. R-modes naturally account for both the small amplitude of the observed oscillations and their lack of harmonic content. However, the model predicts that the oscillation at higher energies leads the lower energy variation. The observed oscillations have the opposite trend which possibly indicates that the higher energy photons are upscattered in the plasma surrounding the neutron star and therefore delayed.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Numerical solutions to integrodifferential equations which interpolate heat and wave equations
Creators: name: Rozmej, Piotr
name: Karczewska, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: primary: 45D05; secondary: 65F10, 65F50, 65M60

description: In the paper we study some numerical solutions to Volterra equations which interpolate heat and wave equations. We present a scheme for construction of approximate numerical solutions for one and two spatial dimensions. Some solutions to the stochastic version of such equations (for one spatial dimension) are presented as well.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures. Extended version of the talk given by P.R. at Second International Conference of Applied Mathematics, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, August 12-18, 2005
Clauser-Horne inequality and decoherence in mesoscopic conductors
Creators: name: Prada, Elsa
name: Taddei, Fabio
name: Fazio, Rosario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the effect of decoherence on the violation of the Clauser-Horne (CH) inequality for the full electron counting statistics in a mesoscopic multiterminal conductor. Our setup consists of an entangler that emits a flux of entangled electrons into two conductors characterized by a scattering matrix and subject to decoherence. Loss of phase memory is modeled phenomenologically by introducing fictitious extra leads. The outgoing electrons are detected using spin-sensitive electron counters. Given a certain average number of incoming entangled electrons, the CH inequality is evaluated as a function of the numbers of detected particles and on the various quantities characterizing the scattering matrix. When decoherence is turned on, we show that the amount of violation of the CH inequality is effectively reduced. Interestingly we find that, by adjusting the parameters of the system, there exists a protected region of $Q$ values for which violation holds for arbitrary strong decoherence.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures. Published version
An Improved Sketching Algorithm for Edit Distance
Creators: name: Jin, Ce
name: Nelson, Jelani
name: Wu, Kewen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We provide improved upper bounds for the simultaneous sketching complexity of edit distance. Consider two parties, Alice with input $x\inΣ^n$ and Bob with input $y\inΣ^n$, that share public randomness and are given a promise that the edit distance $\mathsf{ed}(x,y)$ between their two strings is at most some given value $k$. Alice must send a message $sx$ and Bob must send $sy$ to a third party Charlie, who does not know the inputs but shares the same public randomness and also knows $k$. Charlie must output $\mathsf{ed}(x,y)$ precisely as well as a sequence of $\mathsf{ed}(x,y)$ edits required to transform $x$ into $y$. The goal is to minimize the lengths $|sx|, |sy|$ of the messages sent. The protocol of Belazzougui and Zhang (FOCS 2016), building upon the random walk method of Chakraborty, Goldenberg, and Koucký (STOC 2016), achieves a maximum message length of $\tilde O(k^8)$ bits, where $\tilde O(\cdot)$ hides $\mathrm{poly}(\log n)$ factors. In this work we build upon Belazzougui and Zhang's protocol and provide an improved analysis demonstrating that a slight modification of their construction achieves a bound of $\tilde O(k^3)$.
description: Appeared in STACS 2021. Fixed the title to match the conference version
AGROCLIMATIC REGIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Creators: name: Antiporta, Donato B.
name: Antiporta, Donato B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1975
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This study focuses on agroclimatic characteristics in view of their fundamental influence on the structure of regional agricultural productivity. We seek to identify, measure, and take account of relevant agroclimatic characteristics in order to better understand the problems of increasing agricultural output.
A proof of the reggeized form of amplitudes with quark exchanges
Creators: name: Bogdan, A. V.
name: Fadin, V. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A complete proof of the quark Reggeization hypothesis in the leading logarithmic approximation for any quark--gluon inelastic process in the multi--Regge kinematics in all orders of $α_s$ is given. First, we show that the multi--Regge form of QCD amplitudes is guarantied if a set of conditions on the Reggeon vertices and the trajectories is fulfilled. Then, we examine these conditions and show that they are satisfied.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures, use elsart.cls
Molecular, morphological, and life history data to support research of huntsman spiders (Araneae: Sparassidae)
Creators: name: Gorneau, Jacob A.
name: Rayor, Linda S.
name: Rheims, Cristina A.
name: Moreau, Corrie S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Molecular phylogenetics, Deleninae, social evolution, behavior, life history, spider biology

description: We provide tables including accession numbers for sequences contributed to GenBank, morphological and life history character matrices, and input files and code, all to complement a Data in Brief publication, which in itself complements Gorneau et al. (2022). J.A. Gorneau, C.A. Rheims, C.S. Moreau, L.S. Rayor, 2022. Huntsman spider phylogeny informs evolution of life history, egg sacs, and morphology. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 174, 107530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107530.
Höfer, Josef / Lehmann, Karl / u.a., Evangelisch-katholische Abendmahlsgemeinschaft?
Creators: name: Boeckler, Richard
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 21 Nr. 2 (1972): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 21, Heft 2
Properties of contact matrices induced by pairwise interactions in proteins
Creators: name: Miyazawa, Sanzo
name: Kinjo, Akira R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The total conformational energy is assumed to consist of pairwise interaction energies between atoms or residues, each of which is expressed as a product of a conformation-dependent function (an element of a contact matrix, C-matrix) and a sequence-dependent energy parameter (an element of a contact energy matrix, E-matrix). Such pairwise interactions in proteins force native C-matrices to be in a relationship as if the interactions are a Go-like potential [N. Go, Annu. Rev. Biophys. Bioeng. 12. 183 (1983)] for the native C-matrix, because the lowest bound of the total energy function is equal to the total energy of the native conformation interacting in a Go-like pairwise potential. This relationship between C- and E-matrices corresponds to (a) a parallel relationship between the eigenvectors of the C- and E-matrices and a linear relationship between their eigenvalues, and (b) a parallel relationship between a contact number vector and the principal eigenvectors of the C- and E-matrices; the E-matrix is expanded in a series of eigenspaces with an additional constant term, which corresponds to a threshold of contact energy that approximately separates native contacts from non-native ones. These relationships are confirmed in 182 representatives from each family of the SCOP database by examining inner products between the principal eigenvector of the C-matrix, that of the E-matrix evaluated with a statistical contact potential, and a contact number vector. In addition, the spectral representation of C- and E-matrices reveals that pairwise residue-residue interactions, which depends only on the types of interacting amino acids but not on other residues in a protein, are insufficient and other interactions including residue connectivities and steric hindrance are needed to make native structures the unique lowest energy conformations.
description: Errata in DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.77.051910 has been corrected in the present version
Spin-Phonon Coupling in High-T_c Copper Oxides
Creators: name: Jarlborg, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Band calculations on HgBa$_2$CuO$_4$ and La$_{(2-x)}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$ with phonon and spin-waves within the CuO planes show that partial gaps are created at various energies depending on wavelengths. Spin and phonon gaps appear at different energies when the modulations are along [1,1,0], while they are at the same energy for modulations along [1,0,0]. It is shown that the ability to form gaps and antiferromagnetic waves is correlated with the strength of the interaction parameter $λ_{sf}$ for spin fluctuations. Many unusual properties of the high-T$_C$ oxides can be understood from spin-phonon coupling.
description: 2 pages, proceedings of the LT24 conference
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION AND HEDGING
Creators: name: Hildreth, Clifford
name: Hildreth, Clifford
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The analysis is concerned with a producer who has three alternative marketing outlets for a seasonal perishable product. He can sell in a spot market when production is completed, he can contract for future delivery at a fixed price, he can plan to deliver on the spot market while holding a futures market hedge during the production period, or he can elect some combination of these outlets. Circumstances which lead to different combinations of outlets being used are indicated. A result of some generality is that if the certain forward price is high enough for this outlet to be used, then total output is the same as if this were the only alternative. The price at which this outlet is used is noted. Earlier treatments had noted the result in narrower contexts.
ASSESSING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS IN NORTHEAST MINNESOTA
Creators: name: Maki, Wilbur R.
name: Maki, Wilbur R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: This report presents a framework for assessing regional development options in which alternative futures for northeast Minnesota are first delineated. Regional development goals, objectives, and options emerge from an economic strategy process in which the regional implications of individual development options are derived with the help of a new computer-based capability for simulating alternative regional futures. A tourism/recreation development option is selected, finally, for evaluation of its regional economic impact.
Quantum search with resonances
Creators: name: Romanelli, A.
name: Auyuanet, A.
name: Donangelo, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a continuous time quantum search algorithm analogous to Grover's. In particular, the optimal search time for this algorithm is proportional to $\sqrt{N}$, where $N$ is the database size. This search algorithm can be implemented using any Hamiltonian with a discrete energy spectrum through excitation of resonances between an initial and the searched state. This algorithm is robust and, as in the case of Grover's, it allows for an error $O(1/\sqrt{N})$ in the determination of the searched state. A discrete time version of this continuous time search algorithm is built, and the connection between the search algorithms with discrete and continuous times is established.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
THE EFFECT OF ROUNDING ON THE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF REGRADING IN THE U.S. PEANUT INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Diaz, Edgar F. Pebe
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Anderson, Kim B.
name: Richter, Francisca G.-C.
name: Kenkel, Philip L.
name: Diaz, Edgar F. Pebe
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Anderson, Kim B.
name: Richter, Francisca G.-C.
name: Kenkel, Philip L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: grading
subject: normal-jump distribution
subject: peanuts
subject: regrading
subject: rounding

description: This article determines the effect of rounding (pointing-off) of grade percentages to the nearest whole number on the probability distribution of regrading in the peanut industry. Results show that rounding causes graders to have to regrade an extra 4% of samples even when they follow all directions and make no mistakes. When rounding was not used, the sample weight had little effect on the probability of regrading. With rounding, the probability of regrading was reduced by beginning with a larger than 500-gram sample. Thus, rounding provides an incentive to take overweight samples in order to avoid regrading. Overweight samples can overestimate the value of peanuts. A low-cost way to improve peanut grading accuracy would be to round to tenths rather than whole numbers.
Radon--Nikodym representations of Cuntz--Krieger algebras and Lyapunov spectra for KMS states
Creators: name: Kesseböhmer, Marc
name: Stadlbauer, Manuel
name: Stratmann, Bernd O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37A55, 46L05, 46L55, 28A80, 20H10

description: We study relations between $(H,β)$--KMS states on Cuntz--Krieger algebras and the dual of the Perron--Frobenius operator $\mathcal{L}_{-βH}^{*}$. Generalising the well--studied purely hyperbolic situation, we obtain under mild conditions that for an expansive dynamical system there is a one--one correspondence between $(H,β)$--KMS states and eigenmeasures of $\mathcal{L}_{-βH}^{*}$ for the eigenvalue 1. We then consider representations of Cuntz--Krieger algebras which are induced by Markov fibred systems, and show that if the associated incidence matrix is irreducible then these are $\ast$--isomorphic to the given Cuntz--Krieger algebra. Finally, we apply these general results to study multifractal decompositions of limit sets of essentially free Kleinian groups $G$ which may have parabolic elements. We show that for the Cuntz--Krieger algebra arising from $G$ there exists an analytic family of KMS states induced by the Lyapunov spectrum of the analogue of the Bowen--Series map associated with $G$. Furthermore, we obtain a formula for the Hausdorff dimensions of the restrictions of these KMS states to the set of continuous functions on the limit set of $G$. If $G$ has no parabolic elements, then this formula can be interpreted as the singularity spectrum of the measure of maximal entropy associated with $G$.
description: 30 pages, minor changes in the proofs of Theorem 3.9 and Fact 9
Recurrence analysis of the NASDAQ crash of April 2000
Creators: name: Fabretti, Annalisa
name: Ausloos, Marcel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Recurrence Plot (RP) and Recurrence Quantification Analysis RQA) are signal numerical analysis methodologies able to work with non linear dynamical systems and non stationarity. Moreover they well evidence changes in the states of a dynamical system. It is shown that RP and RQA detect the critical regime in financial indices (in analogy with phase transition) before a bubble bursts, whence allowing to estimate the bubble initial time. The analysis is made on NASDAQ daily closing price between Jan. 1998 and Nov. 2003. The NASDAQ bubble initial time has been estimated to be on Oct. 19, 1999.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, 12 references, to be published in "Fruits of Econophysics", H. Takayasu, Ed. Springer 2005
Application of Multiple Evaluation in Art Classroom Teaching in Rural Primary Schools
Creators: name: ZHU Haishan
name: LIANG Liping
name: ZHU Haishan
name: LIANG Liping
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Multiple evaluation, Art in rural primary schools, Classroom teaching

description: With the reform and development of China’s primary school art education, the art teaching activities have obtained constant improvement, and the multiple evaluation of art teaching plays an important role in the process of art teaching. Based on the current situation of the evaluation of art classroom teaching in rural primary schools, this article uses diversified evaluation methods, multi-dimensional evaluation subjects and multiple evaluation contents to change the traditional and single primary art classroom evaluation method, to strive to improve the quality of art classroom teaching and stimulate students' learning interests and adapt to the development needs of students with different personalities.
HOW MUCH DO FARMERS PAY IN TAXES?
Creators: name: Perry, Gregory M.
name: Nixon, Clair J.
name: Perry, Gregory M.
name: Nixon, Clair J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Public Economics
subject: farms
subject: income taxes
subject: property taxes
subject: tax burdens

description: A variety of federal, state, and local taxes are levied on farming operations in the United States. To date, there has been no attempt to systematically estimate what the total tax burden is on U.S. farms and how that burden varies from state to state. Based on the results of this analysis, the total farmer tax burden in 1994 was estimated at nearly $17 billion, most of which was in the form of real property tax (44%) and federal personal income tax (26%).
Phase field theory of polycrystalline solidification in three dimensions
Creators: name: Pusztai, T.
name: Bortel, G.
name: Granasy, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A phase field theory of polycrystalline solidification is presented that is able to describe the nucleation and growth of anisotropic particles with different crystallographic orientation in three dimensions. As opposed with the two-dimensional case, where a single orientation field suffices, in three dimensions, minimum three fields are needed. The free energy of grain boundaries is assumed to be proportional to the angular difference between the adjacent crystals expressed here in terms of the differences of the four symmetric Euler parameters. The equations of motion for these fields are obtained from variational principles. Illustrative calculations are performed for polycrystalline solidification with dendritic, needle and spherulitic growth morphologies.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Europhysics Letters on 14th February, 2005
Large-N_f chiral transition in the Yukawa model
Creators: name: Caracciolo, Sergio
name: Mognetti, Bortolo Matteo
name: Pelissetto, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the finite-temperature behavior of the Yukawa model in which $N_{f}$ fermions are coupled with a scalar field $ϕ$ in the limit $N_f \to \infty$. Close to the chiral transition the model shows a crossover between mean-field behavior (observed for $N_f = \infty$) and Ising behavior (observed for any finite $N_f$). We show that this crossover is universal and related to that observed in the weakly-coupled $ϕ^4$ theory. It corresponds to the renormalization-group flow from the unstable Gaussian fixed point to the stable Ising fixed point. This equivalence allows us to use results obtained in field theory and in medium-range spin models to compute Yukawa correlation functions in the crossover regime.
AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: FARM-LEVEL, MARKET, AND POLICY CONSIDERATIONS
Creators: name: Van Der Sluis, Evert
name: Diersen, Matthew A.
name: Dobbs, Thomas L.
name: Van Der Sluis, Evert
name: Diersen, Matthew A.
name: Dobbs, Thomas L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: acceptance
subject: agricultural biotechnology
subject: benefits
subject: costs
subject: public dialogue
subject: risks

description: This study provides an overview of the economic costs, benefits, and risks involved with agricultural biotechnology at the farm level, at the market level, and for the farm and food system as a whole. Both advantages and disadvantages of agricultural biotechnology are discussed. Among the drivers of U.S. domestic and international consumer demand for transgenic crop products discussed are environmental and food safety concerns. A comparison is made between a "science-based" regulatory framework and a policy based on the precautionary principle. The authors argue that open dialogue is needed for achieving improved public understanding of agricultural biotechnology, and that analyses need to go beyond discussing the scientific merits of biotechnology, to include social scientists, as well as the public at large.
PREPARING FOR SUCCESS IN THE AGRIBUSINESS MARKET PLACE
Creators: name: Boehlje, Michael
name: Akridge, Jay T.
name: Kalaitzandonakes, Nicholas G.
name: Boehlje, Michael
name: Akridge, Jay T.
name: Kalaitzandonakes, Nicholas G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: adding value
subject: capabilities
subject: change
subject: innovation
subject: intellectual capital
subject: organizational transformation

description: With the dramatic changes occurring in the agricultural industries, it is critical to develop and maintain competencies that will enhance one's competitive position in this rapidly evolving market. The skills or capacities required to be successful are dynamic capabilities which embrace new ideas, change, innovation, analysis, integration, and teamwork-capabilities which may not be part of the experience base in the more traditional agriculture of the past.
EGRET Excess of Diffuse Galactic Gamma Rays as Tracer of Dark Matter
Creators: name: de Boer, W.
name: Sander, C.
name: Zhukov, V.
name: Gladyshev, A. V.
name: Kazakov, D. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The public data from the EGRET space telescope on diffuse Galactic gamma rays in the energy range from 0.1 to 10 GeV are reanalyzed with the purpose of searching for signals of Dark Matter annihilation (DMA). The analysis confirms the previously observed excess for energies above 1 GeV in comparison with the expectations from conventional Galactic models. In addition, the excess was found to show all the key features of a signal from Dark Matter Annihilation (DMA): a) the excess is observable in all sky directions and has the same shape everywhere, thus pointing to a common source; b) the shape corresponds to the expected spectrum of the annihilation of non-relativistic massive particles into - among others - neutral $π^0$ mesons, which decay into photons. From the energy spectrum of the excess we deduce a WIMP mass between 50 and 100 GeV, while from the intensity of the excess in all sky directions the shape of the halo could be reconstructed. The DM halo is consistent with an almost spherical isothermal profile with substructure in the Galactic plane in the form of toroidal rings at 4 and 14 kpc from the center. These rings lead to a peculiar shape of the rotation curve, in agreement with the data, which proves that the EGRET excess traces the Dark Matter.
description: 29 pages, 15 figures, accepted by A&A
Supermassive Neutron Stars Rule Out Twin Stars
Creators: name: Christian, Jan-Erik
name: Schaffner-Bielich, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the implications of a hypothetical $2.5\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$ neutron star in regard to the possibility of a strong phase transition to quark matter. We use equations of state (EoS) of varying stiffness provided by a parameterizable relativistic mean filed model transitioning in a first order phase transition to quark matter with a constant speed of sound. We find a strong connection between the discontinuity in energy density and the maximal mass generated by the EoS. We demonstrate, that high maximal masses cannot be realized for large discontinuities in energy density, which are necessary for visible twin stars, especially for soft EoSs. As a result twin stars and maximal masses of $M_{max}\gtrsim2.2\,M_\odot$ are mutually exclusive.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Deep Forest: Neural Network reconstruction of the Lyman-alpha forest
Creators: name: Huang, Lawrence
name: Croft, Rupert A. C.
name: Arora, Hitesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the use of Deep Learning to infer physical quantities from the observable transmitted flux in the Lyman-alpha forest. We train a Neural Network using redshift z=3 outputs from cosmological hydrodynamic simulations and mock datasets constructed from them. We evaluate how well the trained network is able to reconstruct the optical depth for Lyman-alpha forest absorption from noisy and often saturated transmitted flux data. The Neural Network outperforms an alternative reconstruction method involving log inversion and spline interpolation by approximately a factor of 2 in the optical depth root mean square error. We find no significant dependence in the improvement on input data signal to noise, although the gain is greatest in high optical depth regions. The Lyman-alpha forest optical depth studied here serves as a simple, one dimensional, example but the use of Deep Learning and simulations to approach the inverse problem in cosmology could be extended to other physical quantities and higher dimensional data.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, submitted to MNRAS. Code and data used at https://github.com/lhuangCMU/deep-learning-intergalactic-medium Changes: 11 pages, 7 figures. Further described how we chose our architecture, why the NN has difficulty predicting high values of optical depth, added more references, added additional panels to figs 3-6, and corrected fig 1 and mean optical depth value
Chemically Homogeneous Evolution: A rapid population synthesis approach
Creators: name: Riley, Jeff
name: Mandel, Ilya
name: Marchant, Pablo
name: Butler, Ellen
name: Nathaniel, Kaila
name: Neijssel, Coenraad
name: Shortt, Spencer
name: Vigna-Gomez, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore chemically homogeneous evolution (CHE) as a formation channel for massive merging binary black holes (BBHs). We develop methods to include CHE in a rapid binary population synthesis code, Compact Object Mergers: Population Astrophysics and Statistics (COMPAS), which combines realistic models of binary evolution with cosmological models of the star-formation history of the Universe. For the first time, we simultaneously explore conventional isolated binary star evolution under the same set of assumptions. This approach allows us to constrain population properties and make simultaneous predictions about the gravitational-wave detection rates of BBH mergers for the CHE and conventional formation channels. The overall mass distribution of detectable BBHs is consistent with existing gravitational-wave observations. We find that the CHE channel may yield up to ~70% of all gravitational-wave detections of BBH mergers coming from isolated binary evolution.
description: 15 pages, 16 figures
MEAT TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND SOYBEAN-RAPESEED COMPETITION IN THE JAPANESE MARKET
Creators: name: Persaud, Suresh Chand
name: Chern, Wen S.
name: Persaud, Suresh Chand
name: Chern, Wen S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: canola
subject: meat trade liberalization
subject: rapeseed
subject: soybeans

description: This study identifies variables which increase Japan's imports of canola (soybeans) at the expense of soybeans (canola), and quantifies their impacts by estimating an import demand model. A key finding is that lower Japanese meat production tends to increase rapeseed imports while lowering soybean imports. Thus, Canada benefited from U.S. and Australian efforts to open Japan's market for imported beef, since the vast majority of Japan's canola imports are from Canada.
Sentinel: An Onboard Lane Change Advisory System for Intelligent Vehicles to Reduce Traffic Delay during Freeway Incidents
Creators: name: Mehr, Goodarz
name: Eskandarian, Azim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper introduces Sentinel, an onboard system for intelligent vehicles that guides their lane changing behavior during a freeway incident with the goal of reducing traffic congestion, capacity drop, and delay. When an incident blocking the lanes ahead is detected, Sentinel calculates the probability of leaving the blocked lane(s) before reaching the incident point at each time step. It advises the vehicle to leave the blocked lane(s) when that probability drops below a certain threshold, as the vehicle nears the congestion boundary. By doing this, Sentinel reduces the number of late-stage lane changes of vehicles in the blocked lane(s) trying to move to other lanes, and distributes those maneuvers upstream of the incident point. A simulation case study is conducted in which one lane of a four-lane section of the I-66 interstate highway in the U.S. is temporarily blocked due to an incident, to understand how Sentinel impacts traffic flow and how different parameters - traffic flow, system penetration rate, and incident duration - affect Sentinel's performance. The results show that Sentinel has a positive impact on traffic flow, reducing average delay by up to 37%, particularly when it has a considerable penetration rate. Working alongside Traffic Incident Management Systems (TIMS), Sentinel can be a valuable asset for reducing traffic delay and potentially saving billions of dollars annually in costs associated with congestion caused by freeway incidents.
description: $\copyright$ 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works
THE INCREASING ROLE OF AGRIBUSINESS IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
Creators: name: Heiman, Amir
name: Miranowski, John A.
name: Zilberman, David
name: Alix-Garcia, Jennifer Marie
name: Heiman, Amir
name: Miranowski, John A.
name: Zilberman, David
name: Alix-Garcia, Jennifer Marie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: agribusiness
subject: agricultural economics
subject: education
subject: extension
subject: research

description: While the demand for traditional agricultural economics is diminishing, there is a growing need for the economics and management of the food sector and the environment. Departments of agricultural economics have shown great flexibility in including agribusiness in their Bachelor's and Master's teaching programs. Ph.D and research programs appear to adjust more slowly to changing demand. Although agricultural economics programs are providing a variety of service course offerings, opportunities for joint programs with biological, physical, and natural sciences, particularly resource management, are not being exploited. If business schools decide to compete for agribusiness students in the future, missed opportunities with other departments and schools may become very costly. If this profession is to remain viable in the long run, it must continue to evolve, developing opportunities with biological, physical, and natural disciplines, in order to meet the demands of a changing market.
Energetics in MRI driven Turbulence
Creators: name: Gardiner, Thomas A.
name: Stone, James M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In these proceedings we present recent efforts to understand the energetics of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence driven by the magneto-rotational instability (MRI). These studies are carried out in the local (shearing box) approximation using the Athena simulation code. Athena is a higher order Godunov algorithm based on the piecewise parabolic method (PPM), the corner transport upwind (CTU) integration algorithm, and the constrained transport (CT) algorithm for evolving the magnetic field. This algorithm is particularly suited for these studies owing to the conservation properties of a Godunov scheme and the particular implementation of the shearing box source terms used here. We present a variety of calculations which may be compared directly to previously published results and discuss them in some detail. The only significant discrepancy found between the results presented here and in the published literature involves the turbulent heating rate. We observe the presence of recurrent channel solutions in calculations involving a mean vertical magnetic field and the associated time lag between the energy injection and thermalization rate. We also present the results of a shearing box calculation which includes an optically thin radiative term with a cooling rate selected to match the turbulent heating rate. Some properties which we find uniformly present in all of the calculations presented here are compressible fluctuations, spiral waves and weak shocks. It is found that these compressible modes dominate the temporal fluctuations in the probability distribution functions for most of the thermodynamic variables; only the specific entropy is relatively immune to their effects.
description: 14 pages, Conference Proceedings: "Magnetic Fields in the Universe: from Laboratory and Stars to Primordial Structures"
MEASURING STRATEGIC INTENT IN THE SOUTH TEXAS FOOD MARKETING INDUSTRY
Creators: name: McBryde, Gary L.
name: McBryde, Gary L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: food marketing
subject: industrial organization
subject: information technology
subject: strategy

description: Binomial and multinomial logit analysis is applied to data collected from questionnaires to measure strategic intent in the food marketing industry. Questions were framed based on data from the U.S. Department of Commerce's "County Business Patterns" reports and from best-practice studies. Question topics were placed into a competitive strategy framework following the 1998 work of Porter. Results indicate a strategic focus on outbound logistics and market pricing at the direct value level. Indirect activities focus on human capacity and firm infrastructure, particularly expanding internationally. Firms are adopting information technologies as a competitive strategy, and are doing so as part of a combined strategy to develop human assets.
SU(N) q-Toda equations from mass deformed ABJM theory
Creators: name: Nosaka, Tomoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that the partition functions of the U(N) x U(N+M) ABJM theory satisfy a set of bilinear relations, which, written in the grand partition function, was recently found to be the q-Painleve III_3 equation. In this paper we have suggested a similar bilinear relation holds for the ABJM theory with N=6 preserving mass deformation for an arbitrary complex value of mass parameter, to which we have provided several non-trivial checks by using the exact values of the partition functions for various N,k,M and the mass parameter. For particular choices of the mass parameters labeled by integers $ν,a$ as $m_1=m_2=-πi(ν-2a)/ν$, the bilinear relation corresponds to the q-deformation of the affine SU($ν$) Toda equation in $τ$-form.
description: 23 pages, two figures; v2: references added, appendix added, published version
Investigating phase and artifacts in MRI : phase unwrapping, motional deghosting and fast dynamic flow imaging
Creators: name: Chavez, Sofia Emilia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In this thesis, the phase information contained in Magnetic Resonance (MR) images is studied while investigating the phase wrap and motional ghosting artifacts. The product of the work consists of novel processing techniques and data acquisition schemes. The work can be described in terms of three separate projects. The first project consists of studying the phase wrap artifact in MRI. A better characterisation of wrapped phase maps and the associated pole structures has led to the development of a new type of quality map, called a score map. Based on this, a new pole-guided-cutline method for phase unwrapping is realised. The second project consists of studying the motional ghosting artifact. An existing method of ghost suppression (lpGEM), relying on a gradient energy minimization (GEM) criterion, is improved. An analytical method of obtaining G EM is derived, leading to a new, more general method of ghost suppression: 2pGEM. The gradient energy of an image is proposed as a good quantitative evaluator of ghost suppression methods. The 2pGEM method of ghost suppression relies on the input of two images with significantly differing ghosts. A more efficient method, requiring less data acquisition, is presented. Although the proposed technique has not yet been implemented, due to some practical limitations, this work helps support the extended use of 2pGEM on ghosting artifacts caused by factors other than motion. The 2pGEM method is also tested on a new type of imaging sequence, called the OKscan, which produces dissimilar ghosting patterns. The successful results emphasize the more versatile applicability of the 2pGEM method relative to the original, lpGEM. The last project, while in a preliminary stage, demonstrates how a dynamic flow profile can be extracted from the motional ghosts. Such profiles are clinically available by using cardiac gated or triggered procedures. The benefit of the proposed method is its speed and simplicity of implementation since no sophisticated hardware or patient preparation is necessary. Instead, the velocity-induced artifacts in ungated images are used to predict the sought profile. The results are promising since the profiles are comparable to those obtained using a clinical standard which relies on gating.
A global investigation of phase equilibria using the Perturbed-Chain Statistical-Associating-Fluid-Theory (PC-SAFT) approach
Creators: name: Yelash, L.
name: Mueller, M.
name: Paul, W.
name: Binder, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently developed Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) is investigated for a wide range of model parameters including the parameter m representing the chain length and the thermodynamic temperature T and pressure p. This approach is based upon the first-order thermodynamic perturbation theory for chain molecules developed by Wertheim and Chapman et al. and includes dispersion interactions via the second-order perturbation theory of Barker and Henderson. We systematically study a hierarchy of models which are based on the PC-SAFT approach using analytical model calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. For one-component systems we find that the analytical model in contrast to the simulation results exhibits two phase-separation regions in addition to the common gas-liquid coexistence region: One phase separation occurs at high density and low temperature. The second demixing takes place at low density and high temperature where usually the ideal gas phase is expected in the phase diagram. These phenomena, which are referred to as "liquid-liquid" and "gas-gas" equilibria, give rise to multiple critical points in one-component systems, as well as to critical end points (CEP) and equilibria of three fluid phases, which can usually be found in multicomponent mixtures only. Furthermore, it is shown that the "liquid-liquid" demixing in this model is not a consequence of a "softened" repulsive interaction as assumed in the theoretical derivation of the model. Experimental data for the melt density of polybutadiene with molecular mass Mw=45000g/mol are correlated here using the PC-SAFT equation. It is shown that the discrepancies in modeling the polymer density at ambient temperature and high pressure can be traced back to ...
description: 33 pages, 14 figures
Heat conduction in a confined solid strip: Response to external strain
Creators: name: Chaudhuri, Debasish
name: Dhar, Abhishek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study heat conduction in a system of hard disks confined to a narrow two dimensional channel. The system is initially in a high density solid-like phase. We study, through nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, the dependence of the heat current on an externally applied elongational strain. The strain leads to deformation and failure of the solid and we find that the changes in internal structure can lead to very sharp changes in the heat current. A simple free-volume type calculation of the heat current in a finite hard-disk system is proposed. This reproduces some qualitative features of the current-strain graph for small strains.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures; published version
Tunable interactions between vortices and a magnetic dipole
Creators: name: Carneiro, Gilson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interactions between vortices in a thin superconducting film and one magnetic dipole in the presence of a magnetic field applied parallel to the film surfaces are studied theoretically in the London limit. The dipole magnetic moment is assumed to have constant magnitude and freedom to rotate. The pinning potential for an arbitrary vortex configuration is calculated exactly. It is found that, due to the dipole freedom to rotate, the pinning potential differs significantly from that for a permanent dipole. In particular, its dependence on the applied field is non-trivial and allows for tuning of the pinning potential by the applied field. The critical current for one vortex pinned by the dipole is obtained numerically as a function of the applied field and found to depend strongly on the field. Order of magnitude changes in the critical current resulting from changes in the direction and magnitude of the applied field are reported, with discontinuous changes taking place in some cases. The effect of vortex pinning by random material defects on the critical current is investigated using a simple model. It is found that if random pinning is weak the critical current remains strongly dependent on the applied field. Possible applications to vortices pinned by arrays of magnetic dots are briefly considered.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Inserting Information Bottlenecks for Attribution in Transformers
Creators: name: Jiang, Zhiying
name: Tang, Raphael
name: Xin, Ji
name: Lin, Jimmy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Pretrained transformers achieve the state of the art across tasks in natural language processing, motivating researchers to investigate their inner mechanisms. One common direction is to understand what features are important for prediction. In this paper, we apply information bottlenecks to analyze the attribution of each feature for prediction on a black-box model. We use BERT as the example and evaluate our approach both quantitatively and qualitatively. We show the effectiveness of our method in terms of attribution and the ability to provide insight into how information flows through layers. We demonstrate that our technique outperforms two competitive methods in degradation tests on four datasets. Code is available at https://github.com/bazingagin/IBA.
description: refine formula