Sibinia sodalis Germar 1824
Creators: name: Skuhrovec, Jiří
name: Gosik, Rafał
name: Caldara, Roberto
name: Košťál, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Sibinia
Sibinia sodalis

description: <i>Sibinia sodalis</i> Germar, 1824 Caldara, 1979: 72. <b>Material examined</b>. ca 200 larvae from seeds of <i>Armeria vulgaris</i> Willd. collected 5.viii. 2014 in southern Slovakia (Borská ní&amp;zcaron;ina, Malacky env. 150 m a. s. l., N 48 ° 24.7´, E 17 °04.0´), leg. J. Skuhrovec, M. Koš&amp;tcaron;ál &amp; Z. Koš&amp;tcaron;álová, and 76 (47 &amp;male;&amp;male;, 29 &amp;female;&amp;female;) pupae obtained from larvae collected similarly to the others, all determined by association with reared adults. <b>Differential diagnosis.</b> See Key to the immatures of the Palaearctic species of the genus <i>Sibinia</i> and Table. 3. <b>Description of mature larva.</b> COLORATION. Head brown to dark yellow. All thoracic and abdominal segments light yellow. HEAD CAPSULE AND MOUTH PARTS. Head width: 0.38–0.50 mm (see Table. 1). Endocarinal line present, very short, reaching almost to one-third of frons. <i>Des</i> <i>1</i> absent; <i>des</i> <i>2</i> minute, located almost in central parts of epicarnium; <i>des</i> <i>3</i> long, located along frontal suture; <i>des</i> <i>4</i> absent; <i>des</i> <i>5</i> long, located anterolaterally (Fig. 76). <i>Fs</i> <i>1</i> and <i>fs</i> <i>2</i> absent; <i>fs</i> <i>3</i> minute, located medially; <i>fs</i> <i>4</i> long, located anteromedially (along epistoma); <i>fs</i> <i>5</i> very long, located anterolaterally (along epistoma), <i>fs</i> <i>5</i> 1.5 times as long as <i>fs</i> <i>4</i> (Fig. 76). <i>Les</i> almost as long as <i>des</i> <i>3</i>; one very short <i>ves</i>. Postepicranial area with 4 <i>pes</i>. Antennal segment membranous, bearing conical sensorium and 2 very short, conical, sensilla (Fig. 79). Clypeus (Fig. 80) 2.5–3 times as wide as long; with 2 very short <i>cls</i>, and 1 sensillum, all located posterolaterally; anterior margin slightly rounded inside. Labrum (Fig. 80) approximately 3–3.5 times as wide as long; <i>lms</i> <i>1</i> distinctly shorter than <i>lms</i> <i>2</i>, and 2 times as long as <i>lms</i> <i>3</i>; anterior margin slightly sinuate. Epipharynx (Fig. 81) with 2 short, finger-like <i>als</i>, similar in length; with 3 short <i>ams</i>, similar in length; with 2 very short and finger-like <i>mes</i> (see comments about <i>ams</i> and <i>mes</i> in Material and Methods); labral rods elongate, kidney-shaped, strongly converging posteriorly. Mandibles (Fig. 78) without seta. Maxilla (Fig. 77): stipes with 1 long <i>stps</i>, and with 2 long <i>pfs</i>, almost of equal length; 1 very short <i>mbs</i>; mala with 4 long, slightly curved <i>dms</i>, different in length; with 3 short <i>vms</i>, almost of equal length. Maxillary palpi: length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres 1: 1.6; basal palpomera with 1 very short <i>mxps</i>; distal palpomera with group of 3–4 conical, cuticular apical processes. Prementum (Fig. 77) almost rounded, with 1 relatively short <i>prms</i>; margin of ligula slightly curved inside; ligula with 3 very short to minute <i>ligs</i>; premental sclerite clearly visible. Postmentum (Fig. 77) with 2 <i>pms</i>, <i>pms</i> <i>1</i> absent; <i>pms</i> <i>2</i> long, 3 times as long as <i>pms</i> <i>3</i>. THORAX AND ABDOMEN. Body length 2.00– 3.30 mm (see Table. 1), elongate (Fig. 82). Abdominal segments I– V almost equal in length, slightly larger than abdominal segment VI and VII (Fig. 82). Spiracles on abdomen in median parts of segments (abdominal seg. I–VIII). Chaetotaxy of body rather reduced. Setae long to very short and light yellow. <b>Thorax.</b> Prothorax (Fig. 83) with 8 <i>prn</i>, 6 macro- and 2 microsetae; 2 moderately long <i>ps</i> of same length; 1 moderately long <i>eus</i>. Meso- and metathorax (Fig. 83) with 1 short <i>prs</i>; 2 <i>pds</i>, <i>pds</i> <i>1</i> minute to very short, <i>pds</i> <i>2</i> long; alar area with very short 1 <i>as</i>; 1 moderately long <i>ss</i>; 1 moderately long <i>eps</i>; 1 moderately long <i>ps</i>; and 1 moderately long <i>eus</i>. Each pedal area of thoracic segments well-separated and with 2 long <i>pda</i>. <b>Abdomen.</b> Abdominal segments I–VII (Figs. 84, 85) with 1 short <i>prs</i>; 3 <i>pds</i> of different length, <i>pds</i> <i>1</i> and <i>pds</i> <i>3</i> short to very short, <i>pds</i> <i>2</i> long; 2 <i>ss</i> of different length, <i>ss</i> <i>1</i> minute, <i>ss</i> <i>2</i> very short; 2 <i>eps</i> of different length, <i>eps</i> <i>1</i> very short and <i>eps</i> <i>2</i> long; 2 <i>ps</i> of different length, <i>ps</i> <i>1</i> short and <i>ps</i> <i>2</i> moderately long; 1 moderately long <i>lsts</i>; and 2 short <i>eus</i>. Abdominal segment VIII (Fig. 85) with 1 short <i>prs</i>; 3 <i>pds</i> of different length, <i>pds</i> <i>1</i> and <i>pds</i> <i>3</i> short to very short, <i>pds</i> <i>2</i> moderately long; 1 minute <i>ss</i>; 2 <i>eps</i> of different length, <i>eps</i> <i>1</i> very short and <i>eps</i> <i>2</i> long; 2 <i>ps</i> of different length, <i>ps</i> <i>1</i> very short to minute and <i>ps</i> <i>2</i> moderately long; 1 moderately long <i>lsts</i>; and 2 short <i>eus</i>. Abdominal segment IX (Fig. 85) with 1 short <i>ds</i>; 2 <i>ps</i> of different length, <i>ps</i> <i>1</i> short to very short and <i>ps</i> <i>2</i> moderately long; and 2 <i>sts</i> of different length, <i>sts</i> <i>1</i> short to very short and <i>sts</i> <i>2</i> moderately long. Anal lobes on abdominal segment X (Fig. 85) without setae. <b>Description of pupa.</b> COLORATION. Body yellow. MORPHOLOGY (Figs. 86–90). Body length 2.25 –3.00 mm; widest part 0.95–1.15 mm (see Table. 2). Body rather elongated. Rostrum long, approximately 5 times as long as wide, reaching mesocoxae. Pronotum 1.3 times as wide as long. CHAETOTAXY (Figs. 86–90). Setae distinct, short, unequal in length, light brown; on pronotum and head placed on small protuberances. Setae on head different in length, <i>sos</i> 2 times shorter than <i>os</i>; <i>rs</i> very short almost invisible (Fig. 87). Pronotal setae slightly longer than those on head, rostrum, and abdominal segments; <i>ds</i> <i>2</i> slightly shorter than other setae on pronotum (Fig. 89). Setae on abdominal segments I–VIII very short, placed posteromedially and posterolaterally. Pseudocerci elongated, slightly curved inside. <b>Biological observations.</b> The larvae fed on seeds, and mature larvae left the flower head and entered the soil to pupate. Pupation was observed 9–10 days after the larvae entered the soil. Adults were found in the cells 8–9 days later. <b>Remarks.</b> This species is found typically on <i>Armeria vulgaris</i> Willd., but larvae and adults were also collected on <i>A</i>. <i>plantaginea</i> Willd. in France (Hoffmann 1955) and on <i>A</i>. <i>allioides</i> Boiss. in Algeria (Peyerimhoff 1911). The larva and the pupa were described synthetically by Scherf (1964), who reported only on length and coloration of the body, with comments on chaetotaxy of the head, unfortunately with some inaccuracies (see Table. 3).
description: Published as part of <i>Skuhrovec, Jiří, Gosik, Rafał, Caldara, Roberto &amp; Košťál, Michael, 2015, Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Sibinia (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with suggestions on their potential value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus, pp. 151-187 in Zootaxa 2</i> on pages 176-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3955.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239116
description: {"references": ["Caldara, R. (1979) Revisione delle specie paleartiche di Sibinia vicine a sodalis Germar ed exigua Faust (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 57, 65 - 100.", "Hoffmann, A. (1955) Coleopteres Curculionides (deuxieme partie). Faune de France, 59, 487 - 1207.", "Peyerimhoff, P. de. (1911) Note sur la biologie de quelques coleopteres phytophagesdu Nord-Africain (1 e serie). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 80, 283 - 314.", "Scherf, H. (1964) Die Entwicklungsstadien der mitteleuropaischen Curculioniden (Morphologie, Bionomie, Okologie). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 506, 1 - 335."]}