cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 #StayAtHome Restrictions and Deep Vein Thrombosis: Case Report
Creators: name: Blum, Edna
name: Abdelwahed, Youssef S.
name: Spiess, Eileen
name: Mueller-Werdan, Ursula
name: Leistner, David M.
name: Rosada, Adrian
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: thrombosis
subject: public health
subject: social distancing
subject: physical inactivity
subject: pandemic management
subject: COVID-19
subject: case study
subject: vein
subject: adverse effect
subject: physical activity
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic triggered countermeasures like #StayAtHome initiatives, which have changed the whole world. Despite the success of such initiatives in limiting the spread of COVID-19 to #FlattenTheCurve, physicians are now confronted with the adverse effects of the current restrictive pandemic management strategies and social distancing measures. Objective: We aim to draw attention to the particular importance and magnitude of what may be the adverse effects of COVID-19-related policies. Methods: We herein report a case of an otherwise healthy 84-year-old woman with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) due to COVID-19-related directives. #StayAtHome policies and consequential social isolation have diminished our patient's social life and reduced her healthy movement behaviors. The patient spent long hours in a seated position while focusing on the intensive flow of media information regarding the pandemic. Results: Reduced mobility due to preventive social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic was the only identified cause of the DVT. Conclusions: While evaluating the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and governmentally implemented containment measures, including social isolation and mobility reduction, adverse events should be considered. Digital approaches might play a crucial role in supporting public health.
Minority Languages and Cultural Diversity in Europe: Gaelic and Sorbian Perspectives
Creators: name: Schwab, Ingrid
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2008

description: In her study of two minority languages in danger of extinction, Gaelic of Scotland and Sorbian of Lusatia, Glaser examines the ways in which perception of identity is linked to language in her book Minority Languages and Cultural Diversity in Europe. The author chose, to the readers’ benefit, to interview leaders of these cultures, whose geographical areas were previously underrepresented in other studies. The interviewees are part of the intellectual and political elite, who include, but are not limited to, members of Gaelic/Sorbian “societies, associations, and/or pressure groups” (p. 7). Consequently, these leaders are likely to shape the story of their people’s identity. By including direct quotations from her interviews (in both the language under consideration and an English translation), Glaser fully engages the reader in the complexities of linguistic and cultural shifts.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2008)
Seebeck coefficient of thermoelectric moleculat junction: First-principles calculations
Creators: name: Liu, Yu-Shen
name: Chen, Yu-Chang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A first-principles approach is presented for the thermoelectricity in molecular junctions formed by a single molecule contact. The study investigates the Seebeck coefficient considering the source-drain electrodes with distinct temperatures and chemical potentials in a three-terminal geometry junction. We compare the Seebeck coefficient in the amino-substituted and unsubstituted butanethiol junction and observe interesting thermoelectric properties in the amino-substituted junction. Due to the novel states around the Fermi levels introduced by the amino-substitution, the Seebeck coefficient could be easily modulated by using gate voltages and biases. When the temperature in one of the electrodes is fixed, the Seebeck coefficient varies significantly with the temperature in the other electrode, and such dependence could be modulated by varying the gate voltages. As the biases increase, richer features in the Seebeck coefficient are observed, which are closely related to the transmission functions in the vicinity of the left and right Fermi levels.
description: 4 pages; 2 figures
Language and Identity in a Dual Immersion School
Creators: name: Lopez, Minda
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2008

description: In her close analysis of language use and investment in a dual language immersion school in Language Identity in a Dual Immersion School, Potowski aims to provide systematic documentation of how students and teachers actually use language in immersion classrooms, adding to a small number of studies of such practices in different dual language contexts. She also seeks to understand students’ own perspectives regarding language use. Based on systematic observations accompanied by (a) audio and video recordings of naturally occurring speech in the classroom, (b) student, parent, and educator interviews, and (c) a combination of standardized and researcher designed language proficiency measures, Potowski paints a deep and complex portrait of English and Spanish language use at the Inter American Magnet School (IAMS) PK-8 grade school in Chicago. The author expertly utilizes ethnographic research methods with quantification of students’ language production, which is not an easy feat. She focuses on oral language and uses the construct of investment to examine why and how students create and resist opportunities to use either Spanish or English at the school.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2008)
Multilingualism in European Bilingual Contexts: Language Use and Attitudes
Creators: name: Chung, Jeehyae
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2008

description: Multilingualism in European Bilingual Contexts is a timely publication in light of the European Union’s continuous and forceful promotion of multilingualism. The authors describe the research they present in the book as an “attempt to break some ground” (p. 249) in understanding the challenges of multilingualism in Europe, and through the book they advance the argument that language awareness will play a key role in overcoming those challenges. The book is based on a transnational research study that was conducted in nine different bilingual regions of Europe. The same research design and instrument were employed across all of the contexts that were studied to survey the language use and language attitudes of pre-service teachers. The scope of languages was broadened in this study to include not only minority and majority languages but also the foreign languages often used in the regions. Therefore, as the authors state, the book “goes beyond bilingualism and into multilingualism” (p. 4). The respective cases and the research report as a whole will help readers compare different language situations, identify common patterns, and also gain an understanding of how language education policies and sociolinguistic conditions exert influence on the ground in various European contexts.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2008)
Disorder-induced coherent scattering in slow-light photonic crystal waveguides
Creators: name: Patterson, M.
name: Hughes, S.
name: Combri'e, S.
name: Tran, N. -V. -Quynh
name: De Rossi, A.
name: Gabet, R.
name: Jaouen, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present light transmission measurements and frequency-delay reflectometry maps for GaAs photonic crystal membranes, which show the transition from propagation with a well defined group velocity to a regime completely dominated by disorder-induced coherent scattering. Employing a self-consistent optical scattering theory, with only statistical functions to describe the structural disorder, we obtain an excellent agreement with the experiments using no fitting parameters. Our experiments and theory together provide clear physical insight into naturally occurring light localization and multiple coherent-scattering phenomena in slow-light waveguides.
Teaching Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Heritage Language Students: Curriculum Needs, Materials, and Assessment
Creators: name: Chang, Peter
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2008

description: Teaching Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Heritage Language Students: Curriculum Needs, Materials, and Assessment, edited by Kimi Kondo-Brown and James Dean Brown, is a collection of empirical research on Japanese, Korean, and Chinese heritage language (HL) education. To contextualize the research, the editors define HL learners as individuals “who have acquired their cultural and linguistic competence in a nondominant language primarily through contact at home with foreign-born parents and/or other family members” (p. 3). The book covers important and timely issues, such as the two-track system of heritage and non-heritage language (NHL) learners, the assessment of HL proficiency, and the intricacies of HL curriculum design, currently under contemplation in the field of HL education. The wide array of articles collected in this publication will interest researchers, policy makers, curriculum writers, teacher educators, and teacher trainees at all levels. Prior publications on HL education have been predominately based on Spanish as an HL and do not directly address matters that are unique to East Asian HL education. This volume provides HL educators of Japanese, Korean, and Chinese a much-needed resource that speaks to their unique experience and needs.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2008)
The interaction of an ionic liquid with a lipid skin mimetic
Creators: name: Devgan, Mohit
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: The outermost layer of human skin, the stratum corneum (SC), is composed of corneocyte cells embedded in a lipid matrix. The SC forms a highly effective barrier, preventing harmful agents from entering the body, but importantly is the interface with topical formulations and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Choline geranate (CAGE), a class of ionic liquid (IL), is of high interest due to its effective transdermal drug delivery and antimicrobial properties; however, the mechanism of penetration through membranes is not fully understood. We have utilised a simplified, synthetic SC lipid mimic, which is an effective and controllable model for investigating the specific molecular interactions that underpin physical and structural changes induced by the application of topical formulations, such as CAGE. We show that the hydration of CAGE causes changes in its structural organisation from a simple lamellar structure to micellar assembly and, finally, an emulsion phase. The importance of the sterically hindered geranic acid groups was shown by the analysis and comparison of 3 analogues of CAGE. Furthermore, we have also shown that CAGE causes significant disruption to the mesostructure of model skin lipids and membranes. These phase transitions and structural organisation have been investigated using several biophysical techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray diffraction, solid-state (SS) NMR and light microscopy. The outcome of this project has a significant impact on the topical formulations industry as well as our understanding of the complex structure of the body’s skin barrier. Understanding these physical interactions is critical to the design of effective topical formulations.
Large-vessel stenosis in the patients with ischemic stroke in Iran: Prevalence, pattern, and risk factors
Creators: name: Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institutes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Running Title: Large-vessel stenosis in ischemic stroke. [#of figures: 2, # of tables: 2] Conflict of Interest: The authors have no conflict of interest. Background—Large artery disease (LAD) is a common cause of stroke, but a little is known regarding its role in Iranian stroke patients. The current study investigates the prevalence and risk factors for cervicocephalic arterial stenosis in the patients with ischemic stroke using digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Methods—This was a prospective cross-sectional study performed in hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from March 2011 to March 2013. Patients with ischemic stroke underwent noninvasive vascular and cardiac investigations to find the etiology of the stroke. Patients suspected of having large artery stenosis underwent DSA. The severity of the stenosis was calculated according to the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy (NASCET) and Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease (WASID) Trial criteria. The presence of cigarette smoking, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were documented for all subjects. Results—A total of 3703 stroke patients were identified. Of them, 342 patients (62.3%, male) underwent DSA for LAD. The mean age at the time of angiography was 66.7±10.3 years. Extracranial and intracranial arteries were involved in 305 (89.2%) and 162 (47.4%), respectively. And 301 patients (88%) had anterior circulation and 128 patients (37.4%) had posterior circulation involvement. Diabetes mellitus but not age, sex, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or smoking was significantly associated with intracranial involvement. (P = 0.002) Conclusion—It can be concluded that the distribution of the large arterial atherosclerotic disease in Iran is similar to that seen in North America and Europe. Intracranial stenosis was more prevalent in diabetic patients.
Learning as Discursive Apprenticeship into Academic Communities of Practice: Implications for Academic-subject Instruction for English L2 Learners
Creators: name: Wai, June
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2008

description: When English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers team up with academic-subject teachers to teach English second language (L2) learners, one naturally asks: What expertise can ESL teachers offer teachers of academic subjects? Answers abound in the Teaching of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) literature. A prototypical answer is given in Arkoudis’ (2003) study on the genetics lesson planning work shared by two high school teachers, one ESL and one science. For the ESL teacher, her epistemological authority rests on an understanding of second language acquisition (SLA). For the science teacher, his epistemological authority rests on an understanding of Mendelian genetics. Therefore, the ESL teacher’s role is based on language, while the science teacher’s role is based on science content.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2008)
Realising benefits and mitigating risks: A strategy for sharing diagnostic radiological images in the age of patient-centred care.
Creators: name: Cox, William Allenby Southam
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: This research explores the unexplored benefits and risks of sharing diagnostic radiological images with patients. A literature review revealed that most work in this area was concerned with the clinical benefits of imaging and that there was a gap in the existing research addressing sharing images with patients. A 3-phase sequential mixed methods approach was adopted from within the pragmatic paradigm with the aim of identifying unexplored benefits and risks that sharing images might provide and to create and test a strategy to facilitate that sharing. The work also aimed to produce a novel contribution to benefits management theory. The results of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with patients and clinical experts confirmed that there were both benefits and risks to this process. These benefits included promoting patient engagement, increasing patient understanding and enhancing communication. The risks identified included confusing or eliciting a negative emotional response from patients. These results were incorporated into an image sharing strategy. This strategy informed the creation of an interpretive layer to sit between the patient and their images. A prototype of this interpretive layer was created and tested on patients and experts. It was found that this layer was effective in releasing benefits from image sharing while mitigating risks. Recommendations are made for practice, education and further research. These included that awareness should be raised of the potential benefits and risks of image sharing.
Random Perturbations of 2-dimensional Hamiltonian Flows
Creators: name: Koralov, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H30

description: We consider the motion of a particle in a periodic two dimensional flow perturbed by small (molecular) diffusion. The flow is generated by a divergence free zero mean vector field. The long time behavior corresponds to the behavior of the homogenized process - that is diffusion process with the constant diffusion matrix (effective diffusivity). We obtain the asymptotics of the effective diffusivity when the molecular diffusion tends to zero.
Discovery and characterization of novel LIN28 protein inhibitors suppress stemness in neuroendocrine prostate cancer
Creators: name: Ho, Chia Hao
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: The use of next-generation anti-androgens in the treatment of prostate cancer has led to an increase in therapy-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer (t-NEPC). Recent studies have identified t-NEPC as a highly aggressive subtype of prostate cancer with poor survival rates. Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that the Lin28B, a core embryonic protein that suppresses the maturation process of the micro-RNA let-7, plays a crucial role in transforming adenocarcinoma prostate cancer (AdPC) into t-NEPC. Lin28B is an RNA-binding protein with two critical domains: the cold-shock domain (CSD) and the zinc-knuckle domain (ZKD). By utilizing both of CSD and ZKD domains, Lin28B protein can structurally binds to the microRNA let-7, which has been reported as a tumor suppressor and oncogene in NEPC, and inhibits its biosynthesis. Therefore, we hypothesize that blocking the interaction of CSD or ZKD with let-7 using a small molecule chemical may provide therapeutic opportunities to treat t-NEPC. In this study, we used a computer-aided drug design strategy to target Lin28B ZKD with small molecule inhibitors. We identified several inhibitors that effectively block Lin28B from binding to let-7 miRNA and restore let-7 biogenesis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these inhibitors suppress the expression of stem-like pluripotency gene networks and neuroendocrine biomarkers. Lin28B inhibitors also reduces the expression of cancer stem cell surface markers such as CD44 and CD133. We also showed that these inhibitors suppress t-NEPC cell proliferation and clonogenic abilities. Overall, our study discovered several promising small molecules inhibitors of Lin28B that could be developed into potential drugs against NEPC.
Using Situated Learning to Examine the Language of Teaching and Learning
Creators: name: Jacknick, Christine M.
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2008

description: Since Firth and Wagner’s (1997) call for a reconceptualization of the field of second language acquisition (SLA), much discussion has centered on the pairing of discourse analysis and sociocultural theory as an approach to SLA research. Many researchers have used conversation analysis (CA) to examine language learning contexts, and of the many arms of sociocultural theory, situated learning has emerged as particularly suitable for the study of talk-in-interaction, the focus of CA. For discourse analysts working from a sociocultural perspective, context is integral to understanding the nature of teaching and learning, and situated learning thus represents a theory worth consideration.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2008)
Model predictive control for intelligent lower limb robotic assistance
Creators: name: Caulcrick, Christopher
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Loss of mobility or balance resulting from neural trauma is a critical consideration in public health. Robotic exoskeletons hold great potential for rehabilitation and assisted movement, yet optimal assist-as-needed control remains unresolved given pathological variation among patients. This thesis develops, simulates and experimentally evaluates a Model Predictive Control (MPC) architecture for lower limb exoskeletons. It uses a Fuzzy Logic Algorithm (FLA) to bridge the gap in human-robot synergy by identifying modes of assistance (passive, active-assist, and active-resist) based on human involvement. Muscle activity, mapped through Electromyography (EMG) or Mechanomyography (MMG), is known to precede the onset of human joint torque for modelling and prediction of human-exoskeleton movement. This thesis investigates the complementary and competing benefits of MMG and EMG as a means of human joint torque prediction. A qualitative and quantitative comparison is presented using three biomechanics agnostic machine learning approaches: linear regression, polynomial regression, and neural networks. At the expense of training and implementation complexity, the neural network models performed best, achieving a normalised mean absolute error of 0.063 with MMG and 0.048 with EMG. The controller is evaluated in hardware with three subjects on a seated 1-Degree of Freedom (DOF) knee exoskeleton tracking a sinusoidal trajectory with human relaxed, assistive, and resistive. The controller is also demonstrated with one subject assisting the swing phase of walking. Human joint torque is predicted using a linear regression model with EMG signals to inform the MPC and assistance mode selection by the FLA. Experimental results show quick and appropriate transfers among the assistance modes and satisfactory assistive performance in each mode. Results illustrate an objective approach to lower limb robotic assistance through on-the-fly transition between modes of movement. This provides a new level of human-robot synergy for robotic rehabilitation, mobility assistance, and human-robot interaction more broadly.
Bloch-mode extraction from near-field data in periodic waveguides
Creators: name: Ha, Sangwoo
name: Sukhorukov, Andrey A.
name: Dossou, Kokou B.
name: Botten, Lindsay C.
name: de Sterke, C. Martijn
name: Kivshar, Yuri S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the spatial profiles of both propagating and evanescent Bloch-modes in a periodic structure can be extracted from a single measurement of electric field at the specified optical wavelength. We develop a systematic extraction procedure by extending the concepts of high-resolution spectral methods previously developed for temporal data series to take into account the symmetry properties of Bloch-modes simultaneously at all spatial locations. We apply our method to a photonic crystal waveguide interface and confirm its robustness in the presence of noise.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures
MPEC 2023-K04 : S/2020 S 10
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: S/2020 S 10

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
The effect of emission permit allocation in an early-stage cap-and-trade for a duopoly market
Creators: name: Zheng, Yanfang
name: Zhou, Wenhui
name: Chen, Xi
name: Huang, Weixiang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: Pharmacology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Cap-and-trade systems, or emission trading systems (ETS), are increasingly adopted by countries and regions to provide economic incentives for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The majority of existing ETS are early-stage systems implemented in and after 2013. These early-stage ETS are typically characterised by a focus on few industry sectors, and the employment of free emission allocation schemes including grandfathering and benchmarking. In this paper, we investigate the impact of emission allocation schemes in an early-stage cap-and-trade system in a duopoly market. We show that benchmarking scheme may lead the energy-efficient firm to reserve part of its emission permits, while firms always use up their after-trading permits under grandfathering. We also find that a more stringent emission cap may increase firms' profits rather than decreasing them under both allocation schemes, suggesting a possible cause for windfall profits observed in early-stage ETS. Benchmarking is found to lead to lower emissions compared to those under grandfathering, while it may result in higher or lower firm profits, consumer surplus, and the overall social welfare. Furthermore, under either allocation scheme, allowing emission trading does not affect the total emissions, while it can increase firm profits and consumer surplus and therefore the overall social welfare.
Hybrid approach for Image Encryption Using SCAN Patterns and Carrier Images
Creators: name: T, Panduranga H.
name: K, Naveen Kumar S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a hybrid technique for image encryption which employs the concept of carrier image and SCAN patterns generated by SCAN methodology. Although it involves existing method like SCAN methodology, the novelty of the work lies in hybridizing and carrier image creation for encryption. Here the carrier image is created with the help of alphanumeric keyword. Each alphanumeric key will be having a unique 8bit value generated by 4 out of 8-code. This newly generated carrier image is added with original image to obtain encrypted image. The scan methodology is applied to either original image or carrier image, after the addition of original image and carrier image to obtain highly distorted encrypted image. The resulting image is found to be more distorted in hybrid technique. By applying the reverse process we get the decrypted image.
description: 4 Pages IEEE format, International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering, IJCSE 2010, ISSN 0975-3397, Impact Factor 0.583
Antibiotic usage and resistance gene carriage in children with severe acute malnutrition and human immunodeficiency syndrome co-morbidities living in low-resource settings
Creators: name: Francis, Abelanjo Freddy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Antibiotic resistance is the third largest contributor to mortality worldwide, and 30% of these deaths occur in newborns. The burden of resistant infections in children is disproportionately higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to the overuse of antibiotics in food, food animals and health care settings. The prevalence of childhood co-morbidities like severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in LMICs increases the need for treatment and prophylactic antibiotic use. These conditions also increase the likelihood of secondary disease, thereby further increasing the need for antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are the primary source of resistance in pathogens and are amplified with antibiotic exposure. There is an urgent need to understand the role of ARGs in diseases amongst infants and children, especially in LMICs, where their impact on mortality and morbidity is large. In this dissertation, chapter one reviews previous knowledge about the presence or carriage of ARGs and the impact ARGs have on morbidity and mortality in LMICs, especially morbidity and mortality due to SAM and HIV. Chapter 2 examines the natural acquisition of ARGs in healthy children living in rural areas of a LMIC using longitudinal data from the Sanitation Hygiene and Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) trial. Chapter 3 examines the changes in ARG carriage during hospitalization with SAM and HIV, and during SAM recovery using longitudinal data from the Health Outcomes, Pathogenesis and Epidemiology of Severe Acute Malnutrition (HOPE-SAM) observational study. Chapter 4 investigates the impact of stopping or continuing prophylactic antibiotic use in HIV-positive children using data from the Antiretroviral Research for Watoto (ARROW) trial. I find that healthy children acquire a diverse array of ARGs upon birth, ARG carriage decreases significantly with age in healthy children, and most ARGs are closely associated with the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae that colonize the infant gut. Hospitalization for SAM leads to a less mature microbiota, associated with increases in Enterobacteriaceae-related ARG abundance. This effect was transient and decayed over time following hospital discharge. Continued prophylactic antibiotic treatment in HIV-positive children does not significantly alter ARG carriage but does selectively increase resistance specific to antibiotics used.
Measurements of 4He in Metal-Poor Extragalactic HII Regions: the Primordial Helium Abundance and the Delta Y / Delta O Ratio
Creators: name: Peimbert, M.
name: Peimbert, A.
name: Carigi, L.
name: Luridiana, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a review on the determination of the primordial helium abundance Yp, based on the study of hydrogen and helium recombination lines in extragalactic HII regions. We also discuss the observational determinations of the increase of helium to the increase of oxygen by mass Delta Y / Delta O, and compare them with predictions based on models of galactic chemical evolution.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures. To appear in Light elements in the Universe, Proceedings IAU Symposium No 268
САЙЛОВ– ХАЛҚ ЎЗ ҲОКИМИЯТИ ВА ХОҲИШ ИРОДАСИНИ ТЎҒРИДАН-ТЎҒРИ РЎЁБГА ЧИҚАРИШИНИНГ ОЛИЙ ИФОДАСИ СИФАТИДА
Creators: name: Намозов, Жамшид
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Сайлов, ОАВ, демократик ислоҳатлар, Сайлов комиссияси.
The OpenWebSearch Hub and the Open Web Index
Creators: name: Hendriksen, Gijs
name: Hiemstra, Djoerd
name: de Vries, Arjen P.
name: Schmidt, Sebastian
name: Zelch, Ines
name: Potthast, Martin
name: Granitzer, Michael
name: Dinzinger, Michael
name: Zerhoudi, Saber
name: Fathima, Noor Afshan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Open Web Index (OWI)
OpenWebSearch Engine Hub (OWSE-HUB)

description: The deliverable specifies the current state of the development and deployment of the Open Web Index (OWI) and the OpenWebSearch Engine Hub (OWSE-HUB), as compared to the proposal phase, and discusses the planning for the next year.
description: The deliverable expresses the opinion of the authors and has not yet been approved by the EC.
A Multiscale Model of Partial Melts 2: Numerical Results
Creators: name: Simpson, Gideon
name: Spiegelman, Marc
name: Weinstein, Michael I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a companion paper, equations for partially molten media were derived using two-scale homogenization theory. One advantage of homogenization is that material properties, such as permeability and viscosity, readily emerge. A caveat is that the dependence of these parameters upon the microstructure is not self-evident. In particular, one seeks to relate them to the porosity. In this paper, we numerically solve ensembles of the cell problems from which these quantities emerge. Using this data, we estimate relationships between the parameters and the porosity. In particular, the bulk viscosity appears to be inversely proportional to the porosity. Finally, we synthesize these numerical estimates with the models. Our hybrid numerical--analytical model predicts that the compaction length vanishes with porosity.
description: 50 pages, submitted to JGR Solid Earth
Continuous variable tomographic measurements
Creators: name: Lahti, Pekka
name: Pellonpää, Juha-Pekka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a recent result of Albini et al. to represent quantum homodyne tomography in terms of a single observable (as a normalized positive operator measure) we construct a generalized Markov kernel which transforms (the measurement outcome statistics of) this observable into (the measurement outcome statistics of) a covariant phase space observable. We also consider the inverse question. Finally, we add some remarks on the quantum theoretical justification of the experimental implementations of these observables in terms of balanced homodyne and 8-port detection techniques, respectively.
description: 9 pages
Teachers as Learners: Incorporating Sociocultural Theory into L2 Teacher Education
Creators: name: Fagan, Drew S.
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2008

description: Since Frawley and Lantolf (1984) first brought to light the importance of utilizing sociocultural theory in second language research, numerous studies regarding the sociocultural influence in the acquisition of language have been conducted. One common trend throughout the different perspectives within the theoretical framework of sociocultural theory in applied linguistics is the notion of learning. Although the different sociocultural perspectives (Vygotskyan, Bakhtinian, language socialization, situated language learning, and critical theory) have all defined learning slightly differently, one common trend has been the belief that learning occurs through social interaction with others within specific contexts and communities.1 One question that remains, though, is if these perspectives of sociocultural theory are brought into more mainstream second language classrooms, how can L2 teachers be more prepared to take on this relatively new idea.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2008)
Laser-driven high-power X- and gamma-ray ultra-short pulse source
Creators: name: Esirkepov, Timur Zh.
name: Bulanov, Sergei V.
name: Zhidkov, Alexei G.
name: Pirozhkov, Alexander S.
name: Kando, Masaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel ultra-bright high-intensity source of X-ray and gamma radiation is suggested. It is based on the double Doppler effect, where a relativistic flying mirror reflects a counter-propagating electromagnetic radiation causing its frequency multiplication and intensification, and on the inverse double Doppler effect, where the mirror acquires energy from an ultra-intense co-propagating electromagnetic wave. The role of the flying mirror is played by a high-density thin plasma slab accelerating in the radiation pressure dominant regime. Frequencies of high harmonics generated at the flying mirror by a relativistically strong counter-propagating radiation undergo multiplication with the same factor as the fundamental frequency of the reflected radiation, approximately equal to the quadruple of the square of the mirror Lorentz factor.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures. Presented at the ELI Workshop and School on "Fundamental Physics with Ultra-High Fields" 29.09.-02.10.2008, in Frauenworth Monastery, Bavaria, Germany
Examining Language Learning from a Critical Perspective
Creators: name: Choudhury, Ruhma
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2008

description: Critical theory, a perspective of sociocultural theory, is a useful tool for examining the role of context in shaping our understanding of language learning and teaching. In examining context, the critical perspective considers the sociopolitical nature of language practices since it maintains that one must study and critique the relationship between power and language in order to gain a more complete understanding of the practices and interactions in which learners engage (Pennycook, 1999; Phillipson, 1992; Zuengler & Miller, 2006). This understanding, critical theorists contend, will foster social and educational changes leading to more equitable educational practices.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2008)
Sociocultural Theory and Computer-Mediated Communication-based Language Learning
Creators: name: Cheon, Heesook
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2008

description: Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) refers to “communication that takes place between human beings via [networked] computers” (Herring, 1996), which includes both synchronous modes (e.g., real-time chat and video-conferencing) and asynchronous modes (e.g., e-mails and bulletin boards). This new type of communication is now widely used in foreign language learning and teaching either in the form of telecollabration (class-to-class collaboration) or tandem learning (student-to-student collaboration). The studies on CMC-based language learning, on the whole, have been framed within the Interactionist theory; however, recently, prompted by the suggestion of the sociocognitive approach to the study of CMC (Kern & Warschauer, 2000; Chapelle, 2001), the frameworks used in researching CMC have been expanded to include Sociocultural theory. The sociocultural frameworks for CMC-based language learning, by and large, are based on the claims of scholars calling for sociocultural approaches to second language (L2) and foreign language (FL) learning (Block, 2003; Donato, 2000; Lantolf, 2000; Lantolf & Thorne, 2006; Ohta, 2001).
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2008)
A kinetic theory of plastic flow in soft glassy materials
Creators: name: Bocquet, Lyderic
name: Colin, Annie
name: Ajdari, Armand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A kinetic model for the elasto-plastic dynamics of a flowing jammed material is proposed, which takes the form of a non-local -- Boltzmann-like -- kinetic equation for the stress distribution function. Coarse-graining this equation yields a non-local constitutive law for the flow, introducing as a key dynamic quantity the local rate of plastic events. This quantity, interpreted as a local fluidity, is spatially correlated, with a correlation length diverging in the quasi-static limit, i.e. close to yielding. We predict finite size effects in the flow behavior, as well as the absence of an intrinsic local flow curves. These features are supported by recent experimental and numerical observations.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
MPEC 2023-K05 : S/2019 S 21
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: S/2019 S 21

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Using Sociocultural Theory to Examine the Context(s) of Language Learning and Teaching
Creators: name: Hawkins, Barbara
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2008

description: When introducing a sociocultural approach to research on second language learning and teaching, it helps to make theoretical and methodological positions clear. Following this introduction, which first includes a brief discussion regarding the theoretical underpinnings of sociocultural theory, the Forum will consist of five commentaries outlining current research that is in process, each one employing a sociocultural perspective to explore issues in second language learning and/or teaching.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2008)
Input Processing in Second Language Acquisition: A Discussion of Four Input Processing Models
Creators: name: Sun, Yayun Anny
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2008

description: The importance of input has been a widely recognized concept in the field of second language acquisition. Much research has been conducted to examine how input is processed, the various facilitative attributes of input, and the effectiveness of pedagogies that directly manipulate input. Among these domains of input-related research, it is critical to first understand the very nature of input-processing. Hence, in this paper, four different models of input-processing are examined and compared side-by-side. The discussion aims to disambiguate discrepancies in terminologies, identify common emphases on gap-noticing and cognitive-comparison, and suggests the need for further research on the role of attention/consciousness in input-processing.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2008)
Quasivelocities and Optimal Control for Underactuated Mechanical Systems
Creators: name: Colombo, L.
name: de Diego, D. Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34H05

description: This paper is concerned with the application of the theory of quasivelocities for optimal control for underactuated mechanical systems. Using this theory, we convert the original problem in a variational second-order lagrangian system subjected to constraints. The equations of motion are geometrically derived using an adaptation of the classical Skinner and Rusk formalism.
description: 8 pages
Magnetization Plateau of Classical Ising Model on Shastry-Sutherland Lattice
Creators: name: Chang, Ming-Che
name: Yang, Min-Fong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the magnetization for the classical antiferromagnetic Ising model on the Shastry-Sutherland lattice using the tensor renormalization group approach. With this method, one can probe large spin systems with little finite-size effect. For a range of temperature and coupling constant, a single magnetization plateau at one third of the saturation value is found. We investigate the dependence of the plateau width on temperature and on the strength of magnetic frustration. Furthermore, the spin configuration of the plateau state at zero temperature is determined.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures
Non-Abelian Discrete Flavor Symmetries from T^2/Z_N Orbifolds
Creators: name: Adulpravitchai, A.
name: Blum, A.
name: Lindner, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In [1] it was shown how the flavor symmetry A4 (or S4) can arise if the three fermion generations are taken to live on the fixed points of a specific 2-dimensional orbifold. The flavor symmetry is a remnant of the 6-dimensional Poincare symmetry, after it is broken down to the 4-dimensional Poincare symmetry through compactification via orbifolding. This raises the question if there are further non-abelian discrete symmetries that can arise in a similar setup. To this end, we generalize the discussion by considering all possible 2-dimensional orbifolds and the flavor symmetries that arise from them. The symmetries we obtain from these orbifolds are, in addition to S4 and A4, the groups D3, D4 and D6 \simeq D3 x Z2 which are all popular groups for flavored model building.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Language Play: Implications for the Second-Language Learner
Creators: name: Tarpey, Tara E.
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2007

description: Although humor and linguistic play are common in authentic speech and ubiquitous in the communicative classroom, language play has received little serious attention in the field of second language acquisition. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential effects of language play upon second language acquisition in both children and adult learners. Studies by Aronsson and Cekaite (2005), Belz (2002), Bell (2005), Bongartz and Schneider (2003), Broner and Tarone (2001), Lucas (2005), Peck (1980), and Warner (2004) are reviewed. The results indicate that second language play may lead to focus on form through noticing, comparison of language forms within and between languages, and corrective feedback from interlocutors; additionally, the ability to play with language seems to be an indicator of proficiency and multicompetence and may instigate pushed output (Swain 2000).
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 7 No. 2 (2007)
Code-Switching in Spanish/English Bilingual Speech: The Case of Two Recent Immigrants of Mexican Descent
Creators: name: Cal Y Mayor Turnbull, Antonieta
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2007

description: This study presents the analysis of a home-based interaction between two Spanish/English bilingual sisters. The purpose of the study is to investigate the functions codeswitching plays in this conversation and the role of these functions in the construction of their identity as elite bilinguals. In addition, this study aims to contribute to the body of research that has been conducted to identify the different functions of code-switching in bilingual interaction, particularly with regards to the creation of an ethnic or linguistic identity.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 7 No. 2 (2007)
Perspectives on Creole Genesis and Language Acquisition
Creators: name: Barikmo, Heather
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2007

description: Creolists tend to view the genesis of creole languages as more complicated than do other linguists. While most linguists define creoles as those languages which originate as pidgins and then acquire native speakers, creolists have long questioned the plausibility of this claim and debated alternate theories of genesis among themselves. Universalism (Bickerton, 1981; Bickerton, 1984), posits Chomskyan language universals to account for creole formation within a second-language acquisition (SLA) framework. Substratism (Lefebvre, 1998; Lumsden, 1999) acknowledges the SLA framework set forth by universalism but goes farther in allowing for the influence of the first languages of the creolizing community on the emerging language. This paper examines these two theories, and findings from SLA research are used to critique their respective positions. Additionally, an apparent dichotomy presented by these theories is explored. The complementary hypothesis (Mufwene, 1996; Mufwene, 1999; Mufwene, 2001), which retains an SLA-oriented approach to the theory of creole language origins, is presented as a viable alternative to the question of genetics. Since creoles do not appear to form along strictly first-language acquisition lines, SLA researchers would benefit from exploring the vast body of creolist literature which assumes and proves an SLA framework in the formation of these languages.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 7 No. 2 (2007)