cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Monitoring County-Level Vaccination Coverage During the 2004–2005 Influenza Season
Creators: name: Jia, Haomiao
name: Link, Michael
name: Holt, James
name: Mokdad, Ali H.
name: Li, Lei
name: Levy, Paul S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Vaccines
Medicine, Preventive
Public health
Influenza--Vaccination

description: Background:
During the 2004–2005 influenza season, the United States faced a sudden shortage of influenza vaccine. In response, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended prioritizing vaccination for persons aged 65 and older and others at high risk. To monitor subsequent vaccination coverage, several questions about influenza vaccination were added to the ongoing Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). This study provided real-time county-level estimates of influenza vaccination coverage from the BRFSS each month from October 2004 through January 2005.

Method:
The methods used a variation of small area estimation procedures suitable for situations in which most small areas have few or no survey respondents, and rapid assessment is essential. Both model-based methods and nonparametric spatial-smoothing methods were used in a three-step procedure.

Results:
The highest vaccination rates during the 2004–2005 influenza season were seen in the upper Midwest and the Southeast. Areas with the lowest vaccination rates were the intermountain West, southern California, portions of Washington and Oregon, and various areas across the Eastern United States, often coinciding with urban areas. Intrastate variations were especially pronounced in the Eastern United States, particularly in Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Kentucky, North Carolina, Virginia, and New York. These states all had areas with low immunization rates as well as areas with high rates.

Conclusions:
The results showed that vaccination coverage varied significantly across states and substate regions. Our findings show that this methodology can provide estimates with reasonable reliability for planning during public health emergencies.
title: DEPRECATED: THE SETTLEMENT FACTOR IN THE RURAL PROBLEMS OF NORTH-EAST ENGLAND
Creators: name: EDWARDS, JOHN ARUEL
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 1964

description: Much attention has been focussed in recent years on the changing distribution of population in North-east England since the Industrial Revolution. In the introduction to his paper on this subject, J. W. House mentions many of the forces which are still in the process of complicating the earlier relatively simple factor of the drift of population from the countryside to the towns. The impacts of international trade systems, the consequences of government economic policies towards both industry and agriculture, the effects of two world wars, and the increased mobility through improved transport are just a few of the elements which must now be considered when making a study of the rural areas.
Estimating EuroQol EQ-5D Scores from Population Healthy Days Data
Creators: name: Jia, Haomiao
name: Lubetkin, Erica
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Quality of life
Cost effectiveness
Public health
Social medicine

description: Background. Preference-based assessments of population health, which may be used for cost-utility analyses, are lacking for most states and communities. With adequate population data, preference-based values can be estimated from non-preference-based health-related quality of life (HRQOL) data. This study estimates scores on the EuroQol EQ-5D, a preference-based measure, from the Healthy Days Measures.Methods.No data set from the US population asks both the Healthy Days and EQ-5D questions for the same respondents. Therefore, estimates for EQ-5D scores were obtained indirectly by matching cumulative distributions of the 2 measures. These distributions were estimated from the 2000— 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). The validity of estimates was examined by comparing the mean estimated and observed scores across particular population subgroups. A simulation study was conducted to compare the performance of the proposed method to the regression method.Results.The overall mean observed EQ-5D index was 0.871 and the mean estimated EQ-5D index was 0.872. In the majority of examined subgroups, the mean scores demonstrated a good match according to sociodemographic variables and health-related conditions and, with the exception of the most impaired health states, the differences tended to be less than 0.04.Conclusions.This study provided preliminary estimates of EQ-5D scores from the Healthy Days Measures and demonstrated acceptable validity of the estimates. Because the Healthy Days Measures have been included in many state and local surveys, preliminary cost-utility analyses and determination of burden of disease might be able to be conducted at the national, state, and community levels as well as over time.
Strategies and payoffs in quantum minority games
Creators: name: Sharif, Puya
name: Heydari, Hoshang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Game theory is the mathematical framework for analyzing strategic interactions in conflict and competition situations. In recent years quantum game theory has earned the attention of physicists, and has emerged as a branch of quantum information theory [1]. With the aid of entanglement and linear superposition of strategies, quantum games are shown to yield signifcant advantage over their classical counterparts. In this paper we explore optimal and equilibrium solutions to quantum minority games. Initial states with different level of entanglement are investigated. Focus will be on 4 and 6 player games with some N-player generalizations.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures; Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Quantum Theory, Volume 1327, AIP,(2011)
Additional file 1 of Maternal stimulation and early child development in sub-saharan Africa: evidence from Kenya and Zambia
Creators: name: Onyango, Silas
name: Kitsao-Wekulo, Patricia
name: Langat, Nelson
name: Okelo, Kenneth
name: Murdock, Dawn E.
name: Utzinger, Jürg
name: Fink, Günther
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1: Appendix 1. Maternal stimulation activities. Appendix 2. Maternal stimulation activities by round and country. Appendix 3. Comparison of characteristics of participants who completed all surveys vs those who did not.
Apart Cen A are UHECR mostly heavy radioactive and galactic nuclei?
Creators: name: Fargion, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Earliest AUGER UHECR anisotropy correlated with AGN within a GZK Universe almost fade away. Recent UHECR mass compositions did show a negligible nucleon composition and an UHECR nuclei (light or heavy) signature. The absence of UHECR events toward the Virgo cluster, an unique spread clustering of events around Cen-A, our nearest AGN, suggested a He-like nuclei as the main extragalactic UHECR component from Cen A, coexisting with Auger and HIRES composition. Because the light nuclei fragility such He UHECR cannot arrive from Virgo. Multiplet at twenty EeV along Cen A recently discovered by Auger confirm this interpretation to be indebt to fragments (D;He3; p) that had to reach us along the same UHECR. Remaining majority of UHECR clustering are partially correlated with a gamma noise at (1-3 MeV) in Comptel sky, linked to Al 26 galactic radioactive map as well as to a few TeV gamma anisotropy maps; rare UHECR triplet are overlapping on Vela TeV anisotropy. Therefore UHECR might be also (or mostly) heavy radioactive galactic nuclei as Ni55, Ni56, Ni57 and Co57 bent from the sources whose gamma and beta radioactivity and decay in flight is boosted (by Lorentz factor near a billion), leading to TeV correlated sky anisotropy. Galactic UHECR signals inside the inner center maybe suppressed by Lorentz bending forces. More clustering around external galactic plane is expected. Magellanic Cloud and Magellanic Stream may also rise in UHECR maps (as well as in multiplet). Future UHECR clustering might be observed around Cas A and Cygnus by T.A. The UHECR spectra cut off may be just the imprint of a galactic confinement and-or a spectroscopic heavy composition decrease step.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, few corrections following referee comments
Bulbothrix ventricosa Hale
Creators: name: Ramírez-Roncallo, Kevin
name: Gómez-Ramírez, Hugo
name: Negritto, María A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Lecanoromycetes
Lecanorales
Parmeliaceae
Bulbothrix
Bulbothrix ventricosa

description: Bulbothrix ventricosa (Hale & Kurok.) Hale Figure 2A Materials examined. COLOMBIA • Magdalena, Santa Marta, locality of Minca, Bella Vista village, Villa Kelly coffee farm; 11°05.67′N, 074°04.87′W; 1550 m a.s.l.; 28 Jun. 2017; K. Ramírez Roncallo leg.; KRR 231; CBUMAG:LIC:403; KRR 245; CBUMAG:LIC:417 • Santa Marta, locality of Minca, Bella Vista village, Villa del Sol coffee farm; 11°05.95′N, 074°04.75′W; 1600 m a.s.l.; 29 Jun. 2017; K. Ramírez Roncallo leg.; KRR 431; CBUMAG:LIC:603; KRR 442; CBUMAG:LIC:614. Identification. Thallus laciniate and corticolous, with laminar to marginal ciliary bulbs. Isidia abundant and concolorous, brown to black lower cortex, and presence of nordistic acid in the medulla (K + yellow → orange) (Benatti 2012). Ecology and distribution. Bulbothrix ventricosa was recorded only in the Central Cordillera in Risaralda department, at between 1500 and 1725 m a.s.l., but its presence is assumed for the rest of the Colombian Andean region (Wolf 1993; Bernal et al. 2020). In the SNSM it was found on bark in coffee crops in sub-Andean forest between 1550-1600 m a.s.l.
description: Published as part of Ramírez-Roncallo, Kevin, Gómez-Ramírez, Hugo & Negritto, María A., 2020, New records of lichenized fungi in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, pp. 1421-1431 in Check List 16 (6) on page 1423, DOI: 10.15560/16.6.1421
description: {"references": ["Benatti MN (2012) A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the species with medullary norstictic or protocetraric acids. MycoKeys 2: 1 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / mycokeys. 2.2522", "Wolf JHD (1993) Diversity patterns and biomass of epiphytic bryophytes and lichens along an altitudinal gradient in the Northern Andes. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 80 (4): 928 - 960. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2399938", "Bernal R, Gradstein SR, Celis M (Eds) (2020) Catalogo de Plantas y Liquenes de Colombia. v. 1. 1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset / checklist. https: // doi. org / 10.15472 / 7 avdhn"]}
Talish and the Talishis: The State of Research
Creators: name: Asatrian, Garnik
name: Borjian, Habib
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Iranian languages
Ethnology
Iranologists
Talysh

description: The state of research on the Talysh, a people and language on the southwestern corner of the Caspian Sea.
Existence of bulk chiral fermions and crystal symmetry
Creators: name: Manes, Juan L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the existence of bulk chiral fermions around points of symmetry in the Brillouin zone of nonmagnetic 3D crystals with negligible spin-orbit interactions. We use group theory to show that this is possible, but only for a reduced number of space groups and points of symmetry that we tabulate. Moreover, we show that for a handful of space groups the existence of bulk chiral fermions is not only possible but unavoidable, irrespective of the concrete crystal structure. Thus our tables can be used to look for bulk chiral fermions in a specific class of systems, namely that of nonmagnetic 3D crystals with sufficiently weak spin-orbit coupling. We also discuss the effects of spin-orbit interactions and possible extensions of our approach to Weyl semimetals, crystals with magnetic order, and systems with Dirac points with pseudospin 1 and 3/2. A simple tight-binding model is used to illustrate some of the issues.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. References added, improved presentation
Juhuri: From the Caucasus to New York City
Creators: name: Borjian, Habib
name: Kaufman, Daniel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Iranian languages
Endangered languages
Multilingualism
Heritage language speakers
Judeo-Tat language

description: Juhuri is a dialect of the Tat language of the eastern Caucasus (specifically, Dagestan and Azerbaijan). Although Juhuri is dialectologically related to Persian, it is not mutually intelligible with any Persian dialect. The Juhuri speakers, called Mountain Jews, are estimated at around 200,000, most of whom have immigrated to Israel and the United States. The New York community is largely centered in Brooklyn around the Kavkazi Jewish Congregation. The language is still spoken by those born in the Caucasus, and is maintained in some families and some spheres of daily life. Many of these Mountain Jews are multilingual in Juhuri, Russian, Azerbaijani, Hebrew, and English. In this article, we situate the language within the context of the New York expatriate community and explore the role of Juhuri in relation to ethno-religious identity, language attitude, and functional domains. The data reported on here are based on interviews and a written survey. We conclude that although the odds are heavily stacked against the survival of Juhuri, there may be a critical mass of language activists who can turn the tide. The fate of the language in the twenty-first century will likely be decided in the next two decades.
Montemor-O-Novo Pottery Production: Characteristics and Distribution
Creators: name: Varela Gomes, M�Rio
name: Manuel Casimiro, T�Nia
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 37-38, 11-20
description: This paper presents an overview of the most recent research undertaken on early modern pottery production at Montemor-o-Novo, Portugal. The pottery produced in this region was highly distinctive and this paper discusses the range of forms found archaeologically in both Montemor and other contexts around Portugal. It also discusses the presence of this ware type in the documents and some of the factors driving the consumption and production of these vessels.
Conjuntos cerámicos del Oviedo bajomedieval y moderno. Los materiales de la casa Carbajal Solís
Creators: name: Busto Zapico, Miguel
Publisher: name: Universidad de Oviedo
Year: 2013

description: La cerámica objeto de estudio procede de un conjunto cerrado hallado en las excavaciones arqueológicas del año 2009 en la casa Carbajal Solís, sita en el nº 10 de la Calle de la Rúa de la ciudad de Oviedo. Su cronología abarcaría los últimos momentos del medievo y los inicios de la modernidad. En este trabajo hemos aclarado una serie de cuestiones relacionadas con la procedencia de las piezas. Al mismo tiempo, hemos obtenido una información amplia sobre las producciones cerámicas peninsulares y europeas, entre la Baja Edad Media y la primera Edad Moderna. Este lote, queda así configurado, como un punto de encuentro entre diferentes realidades como son la puramente ibérica, la Mediterránea y la del norte de Europea. Y es que, en este conjunto cerámico nos encontramos junto a la cerámica de carácter puramente local, una gran cantidad de lozas importadas de enclaves como Talavera de la Reina, Cataluña, Valencia, Portugal, Italia, Holanda o Inglaterra.
Resolving the Galaxies within a Giant Lya Nebula: Witnessing the Formation of a Galaxy Group?
Creators: name: Prescott, Moire K. M.
name: Dey, Arjun
name: Brodwin, Mark
name: Chaffee, Frederic H.
name: Desai, Vandana
name: Eisenhardt, Peter
name: Floc'h, Emeric Le
name: Jannuzi, Buell T.
name: Kashikawa, Nobunari
name: Matsuda, Yuichi
name: Soifer, B. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detailed analysis of the substructure of Lya nebulae can put important constraints on the physical mechanisms at work and the properties of galaxies forming within them. Using high resolution HST imaging of a Lya nebula at z~2.656, we have taken a census of the compact galaxies in the vicinity, used optical/near-infrared colors to select system members, and put constraints on the morphology of the spatially-extended emission. The system is characterized by (a) a population of compact, low luminosity (~0.1 L*) sources --- 17 primarily young, small (Re~1-2 kpc), disky galaxies including an obscured AGN --- that are all substantially offset (>20 kpc) from the line-emitting nebula; (b) the lack of a central galaxy at or near the peak of the Lya emission; and (c) several nearly coincident, spatially extended emission components --- Lya, HeII, and UV continuum --- that are extremely smooth. These morphological findings are difficult to reconcile with theoretical models that invoke outflows, cold flows, or resonant scattering, suggesting that while all of these physical phenomena may be occurring, they are not sufficient to explain the powering and large extent of Lya nebulae. In addition, although the compact galaxies within the system are irrelevant as power sources, the region is significantly overdense relative to the field galaxy population (by at least a factor of 4). These observations provide the first estimate of the luminosity function of galaxies within an individual Lya nebula system, and suggest that large Lya nebulae may be the seeds of galaxy groups or low-mass clusters.
description: Accepted to ApJ after minor revision; 33 pages in emulateapj format, 21 figures, 4 tables
B-anomalies: The physics case for future colliders
Creators: name: Allanach, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: We examine simplified models for explaining RK(*) and related measurements. At tree-level, one has the option of leptoquarks or Z's with flavour dependent couplings. One can search for either at hadron colliders, and, focussing on the Z' explanation, we show that the prospects for future searches are good, especially if the energy of the collisions is increased. We give a simple example (The Third Family Hypercharge Model) that predicts a Z' with the right couplings to explain RK(*). The model explains the hierarchical heaviness of the third family and the smallness of CKM mixing. Such models raise the exciting prospect of a direct experimental probe of physics pertinent to the fermion masses and mixings problem.
Group-theoretic Condition for Spontaneous CP Violation
Creators: name: Haber, Howard E.
name: Surujon, Ze'ev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate the necessary conditions for a scalar potential to exhibit spontaneous CP violation. Associated with each complex scalar field is a U(1) symmetry that may be explicitly broken by terms in the scalar potential (called spurions). In order for CP-odd phases in the vacuum to be physical, these phases must be related to spontaneously broken U(1) generators that are also explicitly broken by a sufficient number of inequivalent spurions. In the case where the vacuum is characterized by a single complex phase, our result implies that the phase must be associated with a U(1) generator that is broken explicitly by at least two inequivalent spurions. A suitable generalization of this result to the case of multiple complex phases has also been obtained. These conditions may be used both to distinguish models capable of spontaneous CP violation, and as a model building technique for obtaining spontaneously CP-violating deformations of CP conserving models. As an example, we analyze the generic two Higgs doublet model, where we also carry out a complete spurion analysis. We also comment on other models with spontaneous CP violation, including the chiral Lagrangian, a minimal version of Nelson-Barr model, and little Higgs models with spontaneous CP violation.
description: 27 pages, 1 figure; v2: extended discussion on counting CP-odd phases; v3: new references added, matches PRD version
Additional file 1 of Construction of a strawberry breeding core collection to capture and exploit genetic variation
Creators: name: Koorevaar, T.
name: Willemsen, J. H.
name: Visser, R. G. F.
name: Arens, P.
name: Maliepaard, C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. a) Heatmap of matrix A of all genotypes of the ‘Whole Collection’ b) Heatmap of matrix H of all genotypes that are in the ‘Whole Collection’. Scale is from little to no relationship (0; yellow) to a high relationship (1; red). Main strawberry types are shown: everbearing (E), June Bearing (J) and Mediterranean (M) types. Figure S2. Occurrence of genotypes in 3000 repeated iterations for complementation of the core collection of 67 genotypes.
Datenschutzkonforme Weitergabe von Versichertendaten aus dem Forschungsdatenzentrum
Creators: name: Orak, Berna
name: Krempel, Erik
name: Appenzeller, Arno
name: Demmler, Daniel
name: Krupka, Daniel
name: Federrath, Hannes
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI)
Year: 2022

description: Die Nachfrage nach der breiten Verfügbarkeit von medizinischen Daten zu Forschungszwecken nimmt stetig zu. Die enormen Datenmengen bieten vor allem für Big Data Verfahren ein großes Potential. In der Gesetzgebung soll dieser Bedarf durch ein Forschungsdatenzentrum, das im Digitale-Versorgung-Gesetz (DVG) geregelt wird, erfüllt werden. Hierbei stellen sich allerdings eine Reihe von Fragen bezüglich des Datenschutzes. So sollen die Daten zwar in pseudonymisierter oder anonymisierter Form vorliegen, allerdings kann nach wie vor ein Re-Identifizierungsrisiko bestehen. Diese Ausarbeitung analysierte die bestehende Gesetzeslage und zieht überblickartig Vergleiche zu internationalen Vorschriften bezüglich der Regulierung anonymer Daten. Auf Basis dieser Analyse wird eine Erweiterung des Forschungsdatenzentrums skizziert, das mithilfe von Privatsphäre-wahrenden Technologien eine datenschutzkonforme Weitergabe von Versichertendaten ermöglichen kann.
Practice Guideline for the treatment of patients with HIV-AIDS
Creators: name: McDaniel, J. Stephen
name: Brown, Larry
name: Cournos, Francine
name: Forstein, Marshall
name: Goodkin, Karl
name: Lyketsos, Constantine
name: Chung, Joyce Y.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: HIV-positive persons--Services for
AIDS (Disease)--Patients--Services for
HIV infections--Psychological aspects
AIDS (Disease)--Patients--Care--Psychological aspects

description: This guideline addresses psychiatric issues in the care of people with HIV/AIDS. Originally published in November 2000. This guideline is more than 5 years old and has not yet been updated to ensure that it reflects current knowledge and practice. In accordance with national standards, including those of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s National Guideline Clearinghouse (http://www.guideline.gov/), this guideline can no longer be assumed to be current. The April 2006 Guideline Watch associated with this guideline provides additional information that has become available since publication of the guideline, but it is not a formal update of the guideline.
Split abelian chief factors and first degree cohomology for Lie algebras
Creators: name: Feldvoss, Jörg
name: Siciliano, Salvatore
name: Weigel, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B05, 17B30, 17B50, 17B55, 17B56

description: In this paper we investigate the relation between the multiplicities of split abelian chief factors of finite-dimensional Lie algebras and first degree cohomology. In particular, we obtain a characterization of modular solvable Lie algebras in terms of the vanishing of first degree cohomology or in terms of the multiplicities of split abelian chief factors. The analogues of these results are well known in the modular representation theory of finite groups. An important tool in the proof of these results is a refinement of a non-vanishing theorem of Seligman for the first degree cohomology of non-solvable finite-dimensional Lie algebras in prime characteristic. As applications we derive several results in the representation theory of restricted Lie algebras related to the principal block and the projective cover of the trivial irreducible module of a finite-dimensional restricted Lie algebra. In particular, we obtain a characterization of solvable restricted Lie algebras in terms of the second Loewy layer of the projective cover of the trivial irreducible module.
description: 12 pages; minor revisions
Nonperturbative quantum field theory in astrophysics
Creators: name: Mazur, Daniel Paul
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The extreme electromagnetic or gravitational fields associated with some astrophysical objects can give rise to macroscopic effects arising from the physics of the quantum vacuum. Therefore, these objects are incredible laboratories for exploring the physics of quantum field theories. In this dissertation, we explore this idea in three astrophysical scenarios. In the early universe, quantum fluctuations of a scalar field result in the generation of particles, and of the density fluctuations which seed the large- scale structure of the universe. These fluctuations are generated through quantum processes, but are ultimately treated classically. We explore how a quantum-to-classical transition may occur due to non-linear self-interactions of the scalar field. This mechanism is found to be too inefficient to explain classicality, meaning fields which do not become classical because of other mechanisms may maintain some evidence of their quantum origins. Magnetars are characterized by intense magnetic fields. In these fields, the quantum vacuum becomes a non-linear optical medium because of interactions between light and quantum fluctuations of electron-positron pairs. In addition, there is a plasma surrounding the magnetar which is a dissipative medium. We construct a numerical simulation of electromagnetic waves in this environment which is non-perturbative in the wave amplitudes and background field. This simulation reveals a new class of waves with highly non-linear structure that are stable against shock formation. The dense nuclear material in a neutron star is expected to be in a type-II superconducting state. In that case, the star’s intense magnetic fields will penetrate the core and crust through a dense lattice of flux tubes. However, depending on the details of the free energy associated with these flux tubes, the nuclear material may be in a type-I state which completely expels the field. We compute the quantum corrections to the classical energies of these flux tubes by creating a new, massively parallel Monte-Carlo simulation. The quantum contribution tends to make a small contribution which adds to the classical free energy. We also find a non-local interaction energy with a sign that depends on the field profile and spacing between flux tubes.
Probing (Di)electric Properties Of Organic Photovoltaic Nanostructures with Near-Field Scanning Microwave Microscopy
Creators: name: Douheret, Olivier
name: Dambrine, Gilles
name: Hoffmann, Johannes
name: Celuch, Malgorzata
name: Smajic, Jasmin
name: Kienberger, Ferry
name: Hallet, Aurelien
name: Koutsoukis, Grigorios
name: Lenain, Philippe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: organic
semiconductors
microwave
microscopy

description: This presentation has been held on 12th of November 2018 at the 7th Korean-EU Nanoworkshop in Seoul. The slides give a general overview on the H2020 project MMAMA and then describe a case study of probing (di)electric properties of organic semiconductors with Scanning Microwave Microscopy (SMM).
Isospin dependent global neutron-nucleus optical model potential
Creators: name: Li, Xiao-Hua
name: Chen, Lie-Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we construct a new phenomenological isospin dependent global neutron-nucleus optical model potential. Based on the existing experimental data of elastic scattering angular distributions for neutron as projectile, we obtain a set of the isospin dependent global neutron-nucleus optical model potential parameters, which can basically reproduce the experimental data for target nuclei from $^{24}$Mg to $^{242}$Pu with the energy region up to 200 MeV.
description: 35 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables. Discussions and 1 table added, 24 figures removed. Accepted version to appear in NPA
The Moorgate 'Basil-Pot': A Rare 15th-Century Valencian Lustreware Plant-Pot from Archaeological Excavations in London
Creators: name: Jeffries, Nigel
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 37-38, 151-156
description: This article describes a 15th-century Valencian Lusterware basil pot, excavated during archaeological works for the Crossrail project at Moorgate, London. The vessel is placed into its wider context by being considered against other known examples in late medieval and early modern Europe and the representation of basil as a herb is also examined.
A multiscale multi-permeability poroplasticity model linked by recursive homogenizations and deep learning
Creators: name: Wang, Kun
name: Sun, WaiChing
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Materials science
Materials--Mathematical models
Machine learning--Mathematical model

description: Many geological materials, such as shale, mudstone, carbonate rock, limestone and rock salt are multi-porosity porous media in which pores of different scales may co-exist in the host matrix. When fractures propagate in these multi-porosity materials, these pores may enlarge and coalesce and therefore change the magnitude and the principal directions of the effective permeability tensors. The pore-fluid inside the cracks and the pores of host matrix may interact and exchange fluid mass, but the difference in hydraulic properties of these pores often means that a single homogenized effective permeability tensor field is insufficient to characterize the evolving hydraulic properties of these materials at smaller time scale. Furthermore, the complexity of the hydro-mechanical coupling process and the induced mechanical and hydraulic anisotropy originated from the micro-fracture and plasticity at grain scale also makes it difficult to propose, implement and validate separated macroscopic constitutive laws for numerical simulations. This article presents a hybrid data-driven method designed to capture the multiscale hydro-mechanical coupling effect of porous media with pores of various different sizes. At each scale, data-driven models generated from supervised machine learning are hybridized with classical constitutive laws in a directed graph that represents the numerical models. By using sub-scale simulations to generate database to train material models, an offline homogenization procedure is used to replace the up-scaling procedure to generate cohesive laws for localized physical discontinuities at both grain and specimen scales. Through a proper homogenization procedure that preserves spatial length scales, the proposed method enables field-scale simulations to gather insights from meso-scale and grain-scale micro-structural attributes. This method is proven to be much more computationally efficient than the classical DEM–FEM or FEM2 approach while at the same time more robust and flexible than the classical surrogate modeling approach. Due to the usage of bridging-scale technique, the proposed model may provide multiple opportunities to incorporate different types of simulations and experimental data across different length scales for machine learning. Numerical issues will also be discussed.
Additional file 1 of Preparing for success in final summative medical specialist examinations: The case for RACE
Creators: name: Allen, Penelope
name: Jessup, Belinda
name: Kirschbaum, Melissa
name: Khanal, Santosh
name: Baker-Smith, Victoria
name: Graham, Barnabas
name: Barnett, Tony
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Scaling and intermittency in incoherent α-shear dynamo
Creators: name: Mitra, Dhrubaditya
name: Brandenburg, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider mean-field dynamo models with fluctuating αeffect, both with and without shear. The αeffect is chosen to be Gaussian white noise with zero mean and given covariance. We show analytically that the mean magnetic field does not grow, but, in an infinitely large domain, the mean-squared magnetic field shows exponential growth of the fastest growing mode at a rate proportional to the shear rate, which agrees with earlier numerical results of Yousef et al (2008) and recent analytical treatment by Heinemann et al (2011) who use a method different from ours. In the absence of shear, an incoherent α^2 dynamo may also be possible. We further show by explicit calculation of the growth rate of third and fourth order moments of the magnetic field that the probability density function of the mean magnetic field generated by this dynamo is non-Gaussian.
description: Mysteriously missing a line in introduction, ("Heinemann et al. (2011) have recently proposed a simple analytically tractable model ..") which has now been added
title: Zur Förderung der Kollokationskompetenz in der DaF-/DaZ-Didaktik für den Tourismus anhand von DWDS-Korpora
Creators: name: Malloggi, Patrizio
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt
Year: 2021

description: Kollokationen als vorgefertigte syntagmatische Wortverbindungen nehmen einen hohen Stellenwert in der DaF-/DaZDidaktik ein. Deshalb sind ihre Vermittlung und ihr Erwerb sehr wichtig. Allerdings werden sie im DaF-/DaZ-Unterricht für italophone Lernende nicht genügend anerkannt und folglich auch weniger systematisch behandelt. Im Mittelpunkt des vorliegenden Aufsatzes steht daher die Frage, wie Kollokationskompetenz bei italophonen Lernenden des Deutschen als Fremd- bzw. Zweitsprache für den Tourismus effektiv gefördert werden kann. Zu diesem Zweck wird für den Einsatz von digitalen Korpora, wie dem DWDS-Kernkorpus, plädiert. In Bezug auf die korpusbasierte Arbeit an Kollokationen wird folgenden Fragen nachgegangen: Welche Vorteile hat die Anwendung von Korpora für Lehrende bzw. für Lernende bei der Vermittlung bzw. dem Erwerb von Kollokationen? Welche korpusgestützten Lernaktivitäten eignen sich gut zur Förderung sprachrezeptiver bzw. sprachproduktiver Kollokationskompetenz?
"Dance for a City" Revisited
Creators: name: Garafola, Lynn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Dance
Ballet
Exhibitions

description: Labels, wall texts, and reflections on the exhibition "Dance for a City: Fifty Years of the New York City Ballet," curated by Lynn Garafola, New-York Historical Society, April 20 - August 15, 1999.

The labels, wall texts, and reflections included here are intended to complement the volume "Dance for a City: Fifty Years of the New York City Ballet," edited by Lynn Garafola, with Eric Foner, and published by Columbia University Press in 1999, with essays by Thomas Bender, Sally Banes, Charles M. Joseph, Richard Sennett, Jonathan Weinberg, and Nancy Reynolds. In revisiting this material, I wanted to evoke the experience of walking through six large galleries on the ground floor of the New-York Historical Society, with the reader enjoying by suggestion and as an act of imagination the numerous objects on display tracing the long history of the New York City Ballet. I remain deeply grateful to the exhibition designer, Stephen Saitas, for his guidance and for creating an installation of haunting beauty.
Holographic non-relativistic fermionic fixed point and bulk dipole coupling
Creators: name: Li, Wei-Jia
name: Zhang, Hongbao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by the recently discovered non-relativistic fermionic fixed points, we investigate how the presence of bulk dipole coupling modifies the spectral function at one of these novel fixed points. As a result, although the infinite flat band is always visible in the presence of the bulk dipole coupling as well as chemical potential, the band is modified in a remarkable way at small momenta up to the order of magnitude of bulk dipole coupling. On the other hand, like a phoenix, a new Fermi surface sprouts from the formed gap when the bulk dipole coupling is pushed up further such as to overshadow the charge parameter, which is obviously different from what is found at the relativistic fixed points.
description: JHEP style, 1+17 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, typos corrected, references added, version to appear in JHEP
Entanglement amplification via local weak measurements
Creators: name: Ota, Yukihiro
name: Ashhab, Sahel
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a measurement-based method to produce a maximally-entangled state from a partially-entangled pure state. Our goal can be thought of as entanglement distillation from a single copy of a partially-entangled state. The present approach involves local two-outcome weak measurements. We show that application of these local weak measurements leads to a probabilistic amplification of entanglement. In addition, we examine how the probability to find the maximally-entangled state is related to the entanglement of the input state. We also study the application of our method to a mixed initial state. We show that the protocol is successful if the separable part of the mixed initial state fulfils certain conditions.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Climate Change Impacts on the Bulk Power System: Assessing Vulnerabilities and Planning for Resilience
Creators: name: Gundlach, Justin M.
name: Webb, Romany M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Climatic changes
Climate change mitigation
Electric power production
Electric power systems--Environmental aspects

description: As the scale, speed, and implications of climate change come into focus, stakeholders in the electricity sector are finding it increasingly difficult to turn a blind eye. However, many have opted to attend to climate impacts in a piecemeal fashion, often merely responding to particular extreme events—or types of extreme events, such as coastal storms or floods—and failing to consider the larger phenomenon. This is true of the bulk power system (BPS) in regions overseen by Independent System Operators and Regional Transmission Organizations (collectively, ISO/RTOs), none of which have comprehensively assessed their systems’ vulnerabilities to climate change. This paper collects recent research highlighting the implications of climate change for the BPS and explains how ISO/RTOs can assess and respond to them.
Universal properties and the first law of black hole inner mechanics
Creators: name: Castro, Alejandra
name: Rodriguez, Maria J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show by explicit computations that the product of all the horizon areas is independent of the mass, regardless of the topology of the horizons. The universal character of this relation holds for all known five dimensional asymptotically flat black rings, and for black strings. This gives further evidence for the crucial role that the thermodynamic properties at each horizon play in understanding the entropy at the microscopic level. To this end we propose a "first law" for the inner Cauchy horizons of black holes. The validity of this formula, which seems to be universal, was explicitly checked in all cases.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure; v2: minor corrections, references added; v3: minor corrections, references added
title: DEPRECATED: GPU Computing for Cognitive Robotics
Creators: name: Peniak, Martin
Publisher: name: Plymouth University
Year: 2014
Subjects: GPU
Cognitive Robotics
Complex neural networks
Action and language learning
Biologically inspired vision systems

description: This thesis presents the first investigation of the impact of GPU computing on cognitive robotics by providing a series of novel experiments in the area of action and language acquisition in humanoid robots and computer vision. Cognitive robotics is concerned with endowing robots with high-level cognitive capabilities to enable the achievement of complex goals in complex environments. Reaching the ultimate goal of developing cognitive robots will require tremendous amounts of computational power, which was until recently provided mostly by standard CPU processors. CPU cores are optimised for serial code execution at the expense of parallel execution, which renders them relatively inefficient when it comes to high-performance computing applications. The ever-increasing market demand for high-performance, real-time 3D graphics has evolved the GPU into a highly parallel, multithreaded, many-core processor extraordinary computational power and very high memory bandwidth. These vast computational resources of modern GPUs can now be used by the most of the cognitive robotics models as they tend to be inherently parallel. Various interesting and insightful cognitive models were developed and addressed important scientific questions concerning action-language acquisition and computer vision. While they have provided us with important scientific insights, their complexity and application has not improved much over the last years. The experimental tasks as well as the scale of these models are often minimised to avoid excessive training times that grow exponentially with the number of neurons and the training data. This impedes further progress and development of complex neurocontrollers that would be able to take the cognitive robotics research a step closer to reaching the ultimate goal of creating intelligent machines. This thesis presents several cases where the application of the GPU computing on cognitive robotics algorithms resulted in the development of large-scale neurocontrollers of previously unseen complexity enabling the conducting of the novel experiments described herein.
Beaming and rapid variability of high-energy radiation from relativistic pair plasma reconnection
Creators: name: Cerutti, Benoit
name: Werner, Gregory R.
name: Uzdensky, Dmitri A.
name: Begelman, Mitchell C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the first study of the angular distribution of energetic particles and radiation generated in relativistic collisionless electron-positron pair plasma reconnection, using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. We discover a strong anisotropy of the particles accelerated by reconnection and the associated strong beaming of their radiation. The focusing of particles and radiation increases with their energy; in this sense, this "kinetic beaming" effect differs fundamentally from the relativistic Doppler beaming usually invoked in high-energy astrophysics, in which all photons are focused and boosted achromatically. We also present, for the first time, the modeling of the synchrotron emission as seen by an external observer during the reconnection process. The expected lightcurves comprise several bright symmetric sub-flares emitted by the energetic beam of particles sweeping across the line of sight intermittently, and exhibit super-fast time variability as short as about one tenth of the system light-crossing time. The concentration of the energetic particles into compact regions inside magnetic islands and particle anisotropy explain the rapid variability. This radiative signature of reconnection can account for the brightness and variability of the gamma-ray flares in the Crab Nebula and in blazars.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
title: Lerner*innen und ihre neuen Nachschlagemöglichkeiten bei Unsicherheiten mit leicht verwechselbaren Ausdrücken
Creators: name: Storjohann, Petra
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt
Year: 2021

description: Im E-Wörterbuch „Paronyme – Dynamisch im Kontrast“ werden erstmals leicht verwechselbare Ausdrücke, sogenannte Paronyme (z.B. autoritär / autoritativ, speziell / spezial), in kontrastiven und dynamischen Einträgen beschrieben. Auf zwei Beschreibungsebenen verzahnt es lexikalische Angaben mit enzyklopädischen bzw. konzeptuell-orientierten Details. Korpusanalytische Auseinandersetzungen zeigen, wie stark der Gebrauch einiger Paronyme von den Beschreibungen in traditionellen Lehr- und Nachschlagewerken abweicht. Aber Korpusdaten deuten ebenso auf sprachliche Varianz und Wandel hin, die in speziellen Rubriken festgehalten werden. Neben der Vorstellung des Wörterbuches steht die Frage im Vordergrund, wie die Informationen systematisch aus den Daten gewonnen, analysiert und redaktionell ausgewertet werden, um als Bedeutungs-, Kollokations-, Konstruktions-, Referenz- und Domänenangaben jedes Stichwort so genau wie möglich beschreiben zu können.