cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cross-section measurement of the $^{130}$Ba(p,$γ$)$^{131}$La reaction for $γ$-process nucleosynthesis
Creators: name: Netterdon, L.
name: Endres, A.
name: Kiss, G. G.
name: Mayer, J.
name: Rauscher, T.
name: Scholz, P.
name: Sonnabend, K.
name: Török, Zs.
name: Zilges, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement of total cross-section values of the $^{130}$Ba(p,$γ$)$^{131}$La reaction at low proton energies allows a stringent test of statistical model predictions with different proton+nucleus optical model potentials. Since no experimental data are available for proton-capture reactions in this mass region around A~$\approx$~130, this measurement can be an important input to test the global applicability of proton+nucleus optical model potentials. The total reaction cross-section values were measured by means of the activation method. After the irradiation with protons, the reaction yield was determined by use of $γ$-ray spectroscopy using two clover-type high-purity germanium detectors. In total, cross-section values for eight different proton energies could be determined in the energy range between 3.6 MeV $\leq E_p \leq$ 5.0 MeV, thus, inside the astrophysically relevant energy region. The measured cross-section values were compared to Hauser-Feshbach calculations using the statistical model codes TALYS and SMARAGD with different proton+nucleus optical model potentials. With the semi-microscopic JLM proton+nucleus optical model potential used in the SMARAGD code, the absolute cross-section values are reproduced well, but the energy dependence is too steep at the lowest energies. The best description is given by a TALYS calculation using the semi-microscopic Bauge proton+nucleus optical model potential using a constant renormalization factor.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Determinants in Participation Rate of Female Farmers’ Farming Activities by Age Groups
Creators: name: Eom, Jinyeong
name: Eom, Jinyeong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Women farmers
subject: Participation rate of female farmers' farming activities
subject: Effect by age group

description: This study analyzed how the demographic factors, the types of households, and the economic factors of female farmers affect the participation rate of female farmers' farming activities. In particular, this paper considered the following points that were not attempted in previous studies. First, we used a repeated cross-section data to reflect changes in the participation rate of female farmers’ farming activities over time. Second, a multilevel ordered logit model using cross-classified random effects was used for the analysis of the effect of female farmers’ farming activities by age group. The types of agricultural products, the types of households, and the sales amount of agricultural and livestock products turned out to be significant factors. Also, our study identified that there is a difference in the participation rate of female farmers' farming activities by age group. Namely, female farmers could be classified into three groups by the participation of farming activities: 26 - 45 years old, 46 - 65 years old, and 66 - 85 years old. The result of our study suggested that a policy for each age group should be in place for effective policy implementation related to female farmers’ farming activities.
Activation Energy Determination of High-Test Peroxide Decomposition in Inconel 718 Crucibles
Creators: name:  JULIAN SCHOLL
name:   LUKAS WERLING
name:   DOMINIC FREUDENMANN
name:   STEFAN SCHLECHTRIEM
Publisher: name: Proceedings of the Aerospace Europe Conference - EUCASS - CEAS - 2023
Year: 2023
Subjects: GREEN PROPELLANTS
HIGH-TEST PEROXIDE
REGENERATIVE COOLING
INCONEL 718
DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY

description: In this work, investigations on the applicability of the \" green propellant\" high-test peroxide (HTP) as coolant in regeneratively cooled space propulsion systems were conducted. For this purpose, the activation energy of the exothermic decomposition reaction of 97 .2 wt% HTP was determined in passivated highpressure crucibles made of Inconel 718 by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Based on the Kissinger method, the DSC measurements were analyzed and an activation energy of Ea . (79.5 +!:j)kJ/mol was calculated. This activation energy corresponds to literature values known for the decomposition reaction of HTP without a catalytic effect. It can therefore be assumed that passivated Inconel 718 has no significant catalytic impact on the decomposition reaction of HTP.
The Diversity of Eucheumatoid Seaweed Cultivars in the Philippines
Creators: name: Dumilag, RV
name: Crisostomo, BA
name: Aguinaldo, ZZA
name: Hinaloc, LAR
name: Liao, LM
name: Roa-Quiaoit, HA
name: Dangan-Galon, F
name: Zuccarello, Giuseppe
name: Guillemin, ML
name: Brodie, J
name: Cottier-Cook, EJ
name: Roleda, MY
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Collectively known as eucheumatoids, Eucheuma denticulatum, Kappaphycus alvarezii, K. malesianus, and K. striatus are the main farmed seaweed species in the Philippines. The success of seaweed farming for over five decades in the country is due, in part, to the high diversity of cultivars maintained by the Filipino farmers. Notwithstanding the fact that many eucheumatoid cultivars are presently (and consistently) recognized by the Filipino farmers, there has been no attempt to summarize the current state of the local traditional knowledge about the diversity of this seaweed group, especially with reference to the taxonomy, cultivar designation and distribution. Factors based on present day local knowledge on the eucheumatoid cultivars and what is known on genetic identification in the Philippines were also discussed. A total of 66 cultivars recognized across 58 provinces in the Philippines were documented. Most of these cultivars were morphologically identified as either K. alvarezii or K. striatus, however, the majority were yet to be genetically identified. In part, due to higher demand of kappa-carrageenan extract as compared from the iota type, K. alvarezii and K. striatus were widely cultivated in the Philippines than that of E. denticulatum. Only in the southern Philippines that K. malesianus is currently cultivated. The diverse cultivars identified in this study suggest that the Filipino farmers possess important traditional knowledge that can be useful for future crop selection and breeding.
DJ-1, a cancer- and Parkinson's disease-associated protein, stabilizes the antioxidant transcriptional master regulator Nrf2
Creators: name: Ting, J. P.-Y.
name: Conti, B. J.
name: McNally, R. S.
name: Mak, T. W.
name: Clements, C. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: DJ-1/PARK7, a cancer- and Parkinson's disease (PD)-associated protein, protects cells from toxic stresses. However, the functional basis of this protection has remained elusive. We found that loss of DJ-1 leads to deficits in NQO1 [NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1], a detoxification enzyme. This deficit is attributed to a loss of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor), a master regulator of antioxidant transcriptional responses. DJ-1 stabilizes Nrf2 by preventing association with its inhibitor protein, Keap1, and Nrf2's subsequent ubiquitination. Without intact DJ-1, Nrf2 protein is unstable, and transcriptional responses are thereby decreased both basally and after induction. This effect of DJ-1 on Nrf2 is present in both transformed lines and primary cells across human and mouse species. DJ-1's effect on Nrf2 and subsequent effects on antioxidant responses may explain how DJ-1 affects the etiology of both cancer and PD, which are seemingly disparate disorders. Furthermore, this DJ-1/Nrf2 functional axis presents a therapeutic target in cancer treatment and justifies DJ-1 as a tumor biomarker.
Fabrication and characterization of an undoped GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dot device
Creators: name: Li, Hai-Ou
name: Cao, Gang
name: Xiao, Ming
name: You, Jie
name: Wei, Da
name: Tu, Tao
name: Guo, Guang-Can
name: Jiang, Hong-Wen
name: Guo, Guo-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the development of a double quantum dot with an integrated charge sensor fabricated in undoped GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures using a double top-gated design. Based on the evaluation of the integrated charge sensor, the double quantum dot can be tuned to a few-electron region. Additionally, the inter-dot coupling of the double quantum dot can be tuned to a large extent according to the voltage on the middle gate. The quantum dot is shown to be tunable from a single dot to a well-isolated double dot. To assess the stability of such design, the potential fluctuation induced by 1/f noise was measured. Based on the findings herein, the quantum dot design developed in the undoped GaAs/AlGaAs semiconductor shows potential for the future exploitation of nano-devices.
Energy analysis of chemistry for correct insertion by DNA polymerase beta
Creators: name: Pedersen, L. C.
name: Batra, V. K.
name: Wilson, S. H.
name: Pedersen, L. G.
name: Beard, W. A.
name: Lin, P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: X-ray crystallographic structures of human DNA polymerase β with nonhydrolyzable analogs containing all atoms in the active site required for catalysis provide a secure starting point for a theoretical analysis (quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics) of the mechanism of chemistry without biasing of modeling assumptions as required in previous studies. These structures provide the basis for a detailed quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics study of the path for the complete transfer of a monophosphate nucleoside donor to the sugar acceptor in the active site. The reaction is largely associative with the main energetic step preceded by proton transfer from the terminal primer deoxyribose O3′ to Asp-256. The key residues that provide electrostatic stabilization of the transition state are identified and compared with those identified by mutational studies.
Supplementary Material I
Creators: name: BARATTO, JAKELINE
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Supplementary material I

Script used for the development of the Post-Doctorate in the Department of Geography at USP by Dr. Jakeline Baratto and funded by FAPESP (process: 2022/02383-3). Script developed based on the AmbGEO course Python for Geospatial Analysis
Fast complementation of split fluorescent protein triggered by DNA hybridization
Creators: name: Demidov, V. V.
name: Witte-Hoffmann, C.
name: Dokholyan, N. V.
name: Yu, Y.
name: Cantor, C. R.
name: Chalasani, P.
name: Broude, N. E.
name: Yiu, H.-W.
name: Ding, F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Fluorescent proteins have proven to be excellent reporters and biochemical sensors with a wide range of applications. In a split form, they are not fluorescent, but their fluorescence can be restored by supplementary protein–protein or protein–nucleic acid interactions that reassemble the split polypeptides. However, in prior studies, it took hours to restore the fluorescence of a split fluorescent protein because the formation of the protein chromophore slowly occurred de novo concurrently with reassembly. Here we provide evidence that a fluorogenic chromophore can self-catalytically form within an isolated N-terminal fragment of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). We show that restoration of the split protein fluorescence can be driven by nucleic acid complementary interactions. In our assay, fluorescence development is fast (within a few minutes) when complementary oligonucleotide-linked fragments of the split EGFP are combined. The ability of our EGFP system to respond quickly to DNA hybridization should be useful for detecting the kinetics of many other types of pairwise interactions both in vitro and in living cells.
Material Suplementar I
Creators: name: BARATTO, JAKELINE
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Material suplementar I

 Script utilizado para desenvolvimento do Pós-Doutorado no Departamento de Geografia da USP pela Dra. Jakeline Baratto e financiado pela FAPESP (processo: 2022/02383-3). Script desenvolvido com base no curso da AmbGEO Python Para Análises Geoespaciais
Fibrosis, not cell size, delineates beta-myosin heavy chain reexpression during cardiac hypertrophy and normal aging in vivo
Creators: name: Pandya, K.
name: Smithies, O.
name: Kim, H.-S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Reexpression of the fetally expressed β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) gene is a well documented marker of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and normal aging in many experimental models. To gain insights into factors affecting this reexpression of β-MHC within the complex anatomical structure of the heart, we investigated the spatial pattern of its expression at the level of single cells during aging and hypertrophy. We generated mice that express yellow fluorescent protein fused to the N terminus of the β-MHC and examined its expression pattern during normal aging and in mice with hypertrophy induced by constitutive expression of a renin transgene. The localization of fibrosis within the hearts also was determined by using a fluorescent lectin. The results show that reexpression of β-MHC occurs in discrete subsets of myocytes within the subendocardium rather than uniformly throughout the heart, that β-MHC induction is not an obligatory consequence of cellular hypertrophy, and that β-MHC-expressing cells in the normal aging heart and the hypertrophic heart are distributed predominantly in clusters within and surrounding foci of fibrosis. We conclude that β-MHC gene expression in the normal aging adult and hypertrophic mouse heart is a marker of fibrosis rather than of cellular hypertrophy.
Mathematical modeling of coolant flow in discontinuous drilling processes with temperature coupling
Creators: name: Fast, Michael
name: Mierka, Otto
name: Turek, Stefan
name: Wolf, Tobias
name: Biermann, Dirk
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 510

description: Nickel-based alloys, like Inconel 718, are widely used in industrial applications due to their high-temperature strength and high toughness. However, machining such alloys is a challenging task because of high thermal loads at the cutting edge and thus extensive tool wear is expected. Consequently, the development of new process strategies is needed. We will consider the discontinuous drilling process with coolant. The main idea is to interrupt the drilling process in order to let the coolant to flow around the cutting edge and to reduce thermal loads. Since measurements inside the borehole are (nearly) impossible, simulations are a key tool to analyze and understand the proposed process. In this paper, a 3D fluid flow simulation model with Q2P1 Finite Elements in combination with the Fictitious Boundary Method is presented to simulate the coolant flow around the drill inside the borehole. The underlying equations are transformed into a rotational frame of reference overcoming the challenges of mesh design for high rotational domains inside the fluid domain. Special treatment of Coriolis forces is developed, that modifies the ‘Pressure Poisson’ Problem in the projection step improving the solver for high angular velocities. To further take high velocities into account, a two-scale artificial diffusion technique is introduced to stabilize the simulation. Finally, Q1 Finite Elements are used to simulate the heating and cooling processes in both the tool and the coolant during the complete discontinuous drilling process. The simulation is split into a ‘contact’ and a ‘no contact’ phase and a coupling strategy between these phases is developed. FBM is utilized to switch between the two configurations, thus only one unified grid for both configurations is needed. The results are used to gain insight into the discontinuous drilling process and to optimize the process design.
description: Proceedings in applied mathematics and mechanics;22(1)
Impedance Spectroscopy Study in the vicinity of Ferroelectric Phase Transition
Creators: name: Borkar, Hitesh
name: Tomar, M
name: Gupta, Vinay
name: Kumar, Ashok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An impedance spectroscopy (IS) is a versatile tool to study the effect of grains (bulk), grain boundaries and electrode-electrolyte interface on dielectric and electrical properties of electro-ceramics. This study only focuses the high frequency (1 kHz to 10 MHz) probe of bulk ferroelectric capacitance near ferroelectric phase transition temperature (FPTT). The PZTFW single phase and PZTFW-CFO composites, respectively, have been investigated to understand the microstructure-property relation. Keeping in mind the complex microstructure of both systems, low frequency ( less than 1 kHZ ) impedance investigation, which basically deals with grain boundaries and electrode-interfaces, has been ignored. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, microstructures, dielectric spectra, and impedance plots revealed two distinct phases, inbuilt compressive strain, small shift in dielectric maximum temperature, and two activation energy regions, respectively, in PZTFW-CFO composite compare to PZTFW ceramic. Addition of CFO in PZTFW medium purified the impurity phases present in the PZTFW matrix. The PZTFW-CFO composite shows flat dielectric behavior and high dielectric constant near FPTT at high frequency may be useful for tunable dielectric capacitors. The changes in bulk capacitance, relaxation time and constant phase element parameters have probed in the proximity of FPTT regions. Nyquist plot and modulus formalism show a poly-dispersive nature of relaxation, relate the activation energy (Ea) of oxygen vacancies, mainly responsible for the bulk capacitive conduction. A spiral kind of modulus spectra was observed at elevated temperatures and frequencies (greater than 2 MHz) suggests the possible experimental artifacts, have no physical reasons to explain.
description: 31 pages, 11 figures
Genetic mosaics reveal both cell-autonomous and cell-nonautonomous function of murine p27Kip1
Creators: name: Rabin, S.
name: Miliani de Marval, P. L.
name: Rodriguez-Puebla, M.
name: Fero, M. L.
name: Chien, W.-M.
name: Macias, E.
name: Orthel, J.
name: Garrison, K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Loss of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 leads to an overall increase in animal growth, pituitary tumors, and hyperplasia of hematopoietic organs, yet it is unknown whether all cells function autonomously in response to p27Kip1 activity or whether certain cells take cues from their neighbors. In addition, there is currently no genetic evidence that tumor suppression by p27Kip1 is cell-autonomous because biallelic gene inactivation is absent from tumors arising in p27Kip1 hemizygous mice. We have addressed these questions with tissue-specific targeted mouse mutants and radiation chimeras. Our results indicate that the suppression of pars intermedia pituitary tumors by p27Kip1 is cell-autonomous and does not contribute to overgrowth or infertility phenotypes. In contrast, suppression of spleen growth and hematopoietic progenitor expansion is a consequence of p27Kip1 function external to the hematopoietic compartment. Likewise, p27Kip1 suppresses thymocyte hyperplasia through a cell-nonautonomous mechanism. The interaction of p27Kip1 loss with epithelial cell-specific cyclin-dependent kinase 4 overexpression identifies the thymic epithelium as a relevant site of p27Kip1 activity for the regulation of thymus growth.
A change of plan: Collaborative ambitions meet institutional realities for the Waikato River
Creators: name: Paterson-Shallard, H
name: Blue, Brendon
name: Fisher, K
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 40699 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 130299 Curriculum and Pedagogy not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 160499 Human Geography not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Social and economic geography

description: Aotearoa New Zealand has shifted towards more collaborative decision-making for freshwater in recent years, as national and local authorities seek new ways of working with communities. While the potential benefits of collaboration are well established, the messiness of collaborative processes can challenge institutional imperatives to develop formally justified, implementable plans. This paper explores a collaboration-first attempt, ‘Healthy Rivers/Wai Ora: Proposed Waikato Regional Plan Change 1’, demonstrating that while more inclusive forms of plan-making may better reflect diverse values, interests and knowledges, relinquishing control over planning processes can present significant challenges in the face of existing institutional structures and legislative requirements.
Circularity and Sustainability in Aerospace: The Case of Spacecraft Materials
Creators: name:  MARGOT CLAUSS
name:   BERND WEISS
name:   RENE LAUFER
name:   ANNA OHRWALL RONNBACK
Publisher: name: Proceedings of the Aerospace Europe Conference - EUCASS - CEAS - 2023
Year: 2023
Subjects: SPACE
CIRCULARITY
AVIATION
SUSTAINABILITY
SPINOFF TECHNOLOGIES

description: Sustainability and the need for material circularity are the main challenges the industries are facing and not only the ones on the ground. [l ][2]. Indeed, the aerospace industries are currently investigating solutions to implement sustainability and circularity [l ][3]. The aviation sector implemented concepts related to the refurbishment of engines, aircraft parts, and the repurposing of whole planes from passenger transport to cargo and freight logistics. While the space industry still needs to develop missing technologies to enable circular material flows or to reuse spacecraft materials in space [ 1]. The space industry may be late regarding the implementation of sustainability compared to other sectors. Nevertheless, it can certainly learn from other sectors, particularly from its closest sibling: the aviation industry. The aviation industry is ahead of the space industry regarding sustainability and circularity [ 4][5][6], even though concepts such as reusing, repairing, and recycling are already fundamental to crewed space missions and some special missions such as the Hubble Space Telescope [7]. It will become even more crucial when humanity will explore deep space going farther and farther away from Earth, from its resources, and a potential rescue mission [l]. Therefore, to succeed in the implementation of circularity in space, this paper aims to investigate previous technology spin-offs, to understand and analyze how the aviation and the space industry learned from each other to present the best practices and extract the best practices to succeed in the implementation of circularity in space by identifying what can be transferred from aviation. Keywords: Technology transfer, Space, Aviation, Circularity
The NIM Inertial Mass Measurement Project
Creators: name: Li, Shisong
name: Zhang, Zhonghua
name: He, Qing
name: Li, Zhengkun
name: Zhao, Wei
name: Han, Bing
name: Lu, Yunfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An inertial mass measurement project, which is expected to precisely measure the Planck constant, $h$, for possible comparisons with known gravitational mass measurement projects, e.g., the watt balance and the Avogadro project, is being carried out at the National Institute of Metrology, China. The principle, apparatus, and experimental investigations of the inertial mass measurement are presented. The prototype of the experiment and the Planck constant with relative uncertainty of several parts in $10^{4}$ have been achieved for principle testing.
description: 9pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
Green primaries: Environmentally friendly energetic complexes
Creators: name: Meyer, T. J.
name: Wetzler, M.
name: Huynh, M. H. V.
name: Hiskey, M. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Primary explosives are used in small quantities to generate a detonation wave when subjected to a flame, heat, impact, electric spark, or friction. Detonation of the primary explosive initiates the secondary booster or main-charge explosive or propellant. Long-term use of lead azide and lead styphnate as primary explosives has resulted in lead contamination at artillery and firing ranges and become a major health hazard and environmental problem for both military and civilian personnel. Devices using lead primary explosives are manufactured by the tens of millions every year in the United States from primers for bullets to detonators for mining. Although substantial synthetic efforts have long been focused on the search for greener primary explosives, this unresolved problem has become a “holy grail” of energetic materials research. Existing candidates suffer from instability or excessive sensitivity, or they possess toxic metals or perchlorate. We report here four previously undescribed green primary explosives based on complex metal dianions and environmentally benign cations, (cat)2[MII(NT)4(H2O)2] (where cat is NH4+ or Na+, M is Fe2+ or Cu2+, and NT− is 5-nitrotetrazolato-N2). They are safer to prepare, handle, and transport than lead compounds, have comparable initiation efficiencies to lead azide, and offer rapid reliable detonation comparable with lead styphnate. Remarkably, they possess all current requirements for green primary explosives and are suitable to replace lead primary explosives in detonators. More importantly, they can be synthesized more safely, do not pose health risks to personnel, and cause much less pollution to the environment.
title: Book review : Palmer, Sue (2016) Upstart: The case for raising the school starting age and providing what the under-sevens really need. Edinburgh: Floris Books
Creators: name: Wall, Kate
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2017

description: Upstart is 'what is says on the tin', a manifesto for raising the school starting age to seven years old. As such, I find that I need to be up front from the start and say that I am wholly for the perspective argued for in Upstart. The emphasis on play as a mechanism for providing children with the basic understandings for more formal education and learning is something I, as an ex-primary teacher, have preached about for a long time – we all need a bit more play in our learning but particularly young children. In addition, as a parent of a four-year old, it is a topic I identify with on a personal level. It is almost impossible for me not to be affected by the arguments.
Green primary explosives: 5-Nitrotetrazolato-N2-ferrate hierarchies
Creators: name: Meyer, T. J.
name: Wetzler, M.
name: Coburn, M. D.
name: Huynh, M. H. V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: The sensitive explosives used in initiating devices like primers and detonators are called primary explosives. Successful detonations of secondary explosives are accomplished by suitable sources of initiation energy that is transmitted directly from the primaries or through secondary explosive boosters. Reliable initiating mechanisms are available in numerous forms of primers and detonators depending upon the nature of the secondary explosives. The technology of initiation devices used for military and civilian purposes continues to expand owing to variations in initiating method, chemical composition, quantity, sensitivity, explosive performance, and other necessary built-in mechanisms. Although the most widely used primaries contain toxic lead azide and lead styphnate, mixtures of thermally unstable primaries, like diazodinitrophenol and tetracene, or poisonous agents, like antimony sulfide and barium nitrate, are also used. Novel environmentally friendly primary explosives are expanded here to include cat[FeII(NT)3(H2O)3], cat2[FeII(NT)4(H2O)2], cat3[FeII(NT)5(H2O)], and cat4[FeII(NT)6] with cat = cation and NT− = 5-nitrotetrazolato-N2. With available alkaline, alkaline earth, and organic cations as partners, four series of 5-nitrotetrazolato-N2-ferrate hierarchies have been prepared that provide a plethora of green primaries with diverse initiating sensitivity and explosive performance. They hold great promise for replacing not only toxic lead primaries but also thermally unstable primaries and poisonous agents. Strategies are also described for the systematic preparation of coordination complex green primaries based on appropriate selection of ligands, metals, and synthetic procedures. These strategies allow for maximum versatility in initiating sensitivity and explosive performance while retaining properties required for green primaries.
Hidden aspects of the Structural Theory of chemistry: The MC-QTAIM analysis reveals "alchemical" transformation from a triatomic to a diatomic structure
Creators: name: Goli, Mohammad
name: Shahbazian, Shant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Structural theory of chemistry introduces chemical/molecular structure as a combination of relative arrangement and bonding patterns of atoms in molecule. Nowadays, the structure of atoms in molecules is derived from the topological analysis of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). In this context a molecular structure is varied by large geometrical variations and concomitant reorganization of electronic structure that are usually taking place in chemical reactions or under extreme hydrostatic pressure. In this report a new mode of structural variation is introduced within the context of the newly proposed multi-component QTAIM (MC-QTAIM) that originates from mass variation of nuclei. Accordingly, XCN and CNX series of species are introduced where X stands for a quantum particle with a unit of positive charge and a variable mass that is varied in discrete steps between the masses of proton and positron. Ab initio non-Born-Oppenheimer (non-BO) calculations are done on both series of species and the resulting non-BO wavefunctions are used for the MC-QTAIM analysis revealing a triatomic structure for the proton mass and a diatomic structure for the positron mass. In both series of species a critical mass between that of proton and positron mass is discovered where the transition from triatomic to diatomic structure takes place. This abrupt structural transformation has a topological nature resembling the usual phase transitions in thermodynamics. The discovered mass induced structural transformation is a hidden aspect of the Structural theory which is revealed only beyond the BO paradigm when nuclei are treated as quantum waves instead of clamped point charges.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures
Construction techniques and performances of a full size prototype Micromegas chamber for the ATLAS muon spectrometer upgrade
Creators: name: Alviggi, M.
name: Antonelli, M.
name: Anulli, F.
name: Arcangeletti, C.
name: Bagnaia, P.
name: Baroncelli, A.
name: Beretta, M.
name: Bini, C.
name: Calabrò, D.
name: Canale, V.
name: Capradossi, G.
name: Carducci, G.
name: Caserio, A.
name: Cassese, C.
name: Cerioni, S.
name: Ciapetti, G.
name: D'Amico, V.
name: De Fazio, B.
name: Del Gaudio, M.
name: Di Donato, C.
name: Di Nardo, R.
name: D'Uffizi, D.
name: Farina, E.
name: Ferrari, R.
name: Freddi, A.
name: Gatti, C.
name: Gaudio, G.
name: Gorini, E.
name: Gravili, F.
name: Guelfo Gigli, S.
name: Innocente, A.
name: Introzzi, G.
name: Iodice, M.
name: Kourkoumeli-Charalampidi, A.
name: Lacava, F.
name: Lanza, A.
name: La Rotonda, L.
name: Lauciani, S.
name: Luminari, L.
name: Maccarrone, G.
name: Mancini, G.
name: Martinelli, L.
name: Massarotti, P.
name: Miccoli, A.
name: Mirto, A.
name: Palazzo, S.
name: Paruzza, G.
name: Petrucci, F.
name: Pezzotti, L.
name: Pileggi, G.
name: Policicchio, A.
name: Pontoriere, G.
name: Ponzio, B.
name: Romano, E.
name: Romano, V.
name: Roscilli, L.
name: Rovelli, G.
name: Scagliotti, C.
name: Schioppa, M.
name: Sekhniaidze, G.
name: Sessa, M.
name: Sottocornola, S.
name: Turco, P.
name: Vanadia, M.
name: Vannicola, D.
name: Vassileva, T.
name: Vecchio, V.
name: Vercellati, F.
name: Zullo, A.
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: Micromegas chamber
ATLAS
LHC Collider
INFN-18-07-LNF

description: A full scale prototype of a Micromegas precision tracking chamber for the upgrade of the ATLAS detector at the LHC Collider has been built between October 2015 and April 2016. This paper describes in detail the procedures used in constructing the single modules of the chamber in various INFN laboratories and the final assembly at the Frascati National Laboratories (LNF). Results of the chamber exposure to the CERN H8 beam line in June 2016 are also presented. The performances achieved in the construction and the results of the test beam are compared with the requirements, which are imposed by the severe environment during the data-taking of the LHC foreseen for the next years.
Open Data Cube - Cloud Statistics
Creators: name: CEOS SEO/AMA
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2022

description: Cloud Statistics
Cloud statistics are valuable information for performing analyses. For example, if there are extensive clouds during a season, it may significantly impact mosaic products or index values. Users may also want a way to find dates when there are few clouds, so that they may assess land features.
The Notebook linked below explores Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 Data Cubes and demonstrates the generation of cloud statistics for selected regions.
Performance Analysis on Agricultural Human Resource Development Investment Using Agricultural Education Panel Data
Creators: name: Kim, Sangtae
name: Kim, Sangtae
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Agricultural Education Panel
subject: Agricultural Human Resource Development Investment
subject: Performance analysis

description: This paper aimed to analyze the performance of agricultural human resource development investment using agricultural education panel data. It reviewed previous studies related to Human resource development investment. It examined the performance of human resource development investment and tested the performance with the Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) using AMOS21.0. The major results of this paper are as follows: Investment in human resource development for farmers had a positive effect on the achievement of human resources such as improving job skills and job satisfaction of farmers. In particular, investments in human resource development for farmers had a more significant impact on human performance than income performance, and the same research results were obtained for regular companies. Also, human performance had a positive effect on agricultural performance and income performance, which was analyzed to have a more positive effect on agricultural performance than income performance.
Heterotrophic Archaea dominate sedimentary subsurface ecosystems off Peru
Creators: name: Elvert, M.
name: Fredricks, H. F.
name: Sogin, M. L.
name: Biddle, J. F.
name: Lever, M. A.
name: Sorensen, K. B.
name: Teske, A.
name: Brenchley, J. E.
name: House, C. H.
name: Schrag, D. P.
name: Kelly, T. J.
name: Hinrichs, K.-U.
name: Lipp, J. S.
name: Anderson, R.
name: Lloyd, K. G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Studies of deeply buried, sedimentary microbial communities and associated biogeochemical processes during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 201 showed elevated prokaryotic cell numbers in sediment layers where methane is consumed anaerobically at the expense of sulfate. Here, we show that extractable archaeal rRNA, selecting only for active community members in these ecosystems, is dominated by sequences of uncultivated Archaea affiliated with the Marine Benthic Group B and the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group, whereas known methanotrophic Archaea are not detectable. Carbon flow reconstructions based on stable isotopic compositions of whole archaeal cells, intact archaeal membrane lipids, and other sedimentary carbon pools indicate that these Archaea assimilate sedimentary organic compounds other than methane even though methanotrophy accounts for a major fraction of carbon cycled in these ecosystems. Oxidation of methane by members of Marine Benthic Group B and the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group without assimilation of methane–carbon provides a plausible explanation. Maintenance energies of these subsurface communities appear to be orders of magnitude lower than minimum values known from laboratory observations, and ecosystem-level carbon budgets suggest that community turnover times are on the order of 100–2,000 years. Our study provides clues about the metabolic functionality of two cosmopolitan groups of uncultured Archaea.
Mucosal and systemic adjuvant activity of alphavirus replicon particles
Creators: name: Konopka, J. L.
name: Davis, N. L.
name: Thompson, J. M.
name: Staats, H. F.
name: Johnston, R. E.
name: Collier, M. L.
name: Whitmore, A. C.
name: Richmond, E. M. B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Vaccination represents the most effective control measure in the fight against infectious diseases. Local mucosal immune responses are critical for protection from, and resolution of, infection by numerous mucosal pathogens. Antigen processing across mucosal surfaces is the natural route by which mucosal immunity is generated, as peripheral antigen delivery typically fails to induce mucosal immune responses. However, we demonstrate in this article that mucosal immune responses are evident at multiple mucosal surfaces after parenteral delivery of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles (VRP). Moreover, coinoculation of null VRP (not expressing any transgene) with inactivated influenza virions, or ovalbumin, resulted in a significant increase in antigen-specific systemic IgG and fecal IgA antibodies, compared with antigen alone. Pretreatment of VRP with UV light largely abrogated this adjuvant effect. These results demonstrate that alphavirus replicon particles possess intrinsic systemic and mucosal adjuvant activity and suggest that VRP RNA replication is the trigger for this activity. We feel that these observations and the continued experimentation they stimulate will ultimately define the specific components of an alternative pathway for the induction of mucosal immunity, and if the activity is evident in humans, will enable new possibilities for safe and inexpensive subunit and inactivated vaccines.
Demand Forecast for Agricultural Labor for Years 2020-2025
Creators: name: Jung, Jinhwa
name: Jung, Jinhwa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: agricultural labor
subject: labor demand forecast
subject: Agricultural land area

description: This paper forecasted agricultural labor demand for the period 2020~2025 in Korea. Agricultural labor was measured as farm household members mainly engaged in agricultural production. We used the data from the Korean Census of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries. We projected the total demand for agricultural labor using the agricultural workforce per agricultural land area (reflecting the changes in agricultural technology) and the forecasts of agricultural land area. Also, labor demand for different types of farming was projected using compositional data regression. The forecast results show that the total demand for agricultural labor would be approximately 1.36 million and 1.25 million in 2020 and 2025, respectively. Inspecting the types of farming, we identified that labor demand would likely to increase considerably for vegetables and specialty crops. In contrast, a substantial decrease was expected for rice and fruits.
Gregory-Laflamme and superradiance encounter black resonator strings
Creators: name: Dias, ÓJC
name: Ishii, T
name: Murata, K
name: Santos, JE
name: Way, B
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Black Holes
Classical Theories of Gravity

description: Abstract We construct novel black strings that are neither time-translation invariant, nor axisymmetric, nor translationally invariant in the string direction, but nevertheless have a helical Killing vector field. These solutions branch from the superradiant instability of D = 6 Myers-Perry black strings with equal angular momenta. We coin these solutions as black resonator strings and we find that they have more entropy than Myers-Perry black strings for the energies and angular momenta where both solutions coexist. We also construct Kaluza-Klein geons, which share the symmetries of black resonator strings, but are horizonless. Unlike in other superradiant systems, Kaluza-Klein geons are not the horizonless limit of black resonator strings and are instead entirely separate solutions.
Effect of nozzle seal rupture on internal motor dynamics
Creators: name:  LAURENT FRANCOIS
name:   GERALD PORTEMONT
Publisher: name: Proceedings of the Aerospace Europe Conference - EUCASS - CEAS - 2023
Year: 2023
Subjects: NOZZLE SEAL
SEAL RUPTURE
SOLID ROCKET MOTOR
IGNITION

description: Before firing, solid rocket motors are usually made airtight with a nozzle seal, designed to break at high chamber pressure to favour ignition. Once ruptured, the seal is ejected through the nozzle, a process whose characteristic time may impact the choking of the nozzle throat, as well as the pressure waves inside the chamber. In particular, it may have an important effect on the intensity of the initial expansion wave, and thus on the structural loading of the motor. All ignition simulations reported in the literature assume that the nozzle seal instantaneously disappears once its breaking pressure is reached, and no study has been reported on the effect of this nozzle seal rupture and ejection time scale. We present two approaches to model and simulate this effect. The first one assumes that the seal is ejected as a single panel and uses advanced 3D mesh handling techniques to capture its movement and interaction with the nozzle flow. The second one assumes a quasi-one-dimensional flow (QlD) and represents the seal rupture as a gradual opening of the nozzle. This requires a novel boundary condition formulation to ensure the effect of the seal is well accounted for. We show that both approaches yield nearly identical dynamics on a small-scale test motor, thus validating the use of the more cost-effective QlD approach. Parametric studies in QlD show that there exists a threshold value of the characteristic rupture time below which the internal dynamics is identical to that obtained when assuming an instantaneous opening of the seal. For longer rupture times, the intensity of the expansion wave may be greatly reduced.
Equations of Motion for the Out-of-Equilibrium Dynamics of Isolated Quantum Systems from the Projection Operator Technique
Creators: name: Nessi, N.
name: Iucci, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a rigorous framework to obtain evolution equations for the momentum distribution and higher order correlation functions in weakly interacting systems based on the Projection Operator Technique. These equations can be numerically solved in an efficient way. We compare the solution of the equations with known results for 1D models and find an excellent agreement.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, added brief discussion about the validity of the approximations
Myosin-X is a molecular motor that functions in filopodia formation
Creators: name: Cheney, R. E.
name: Robertson, B. W.
name: Bohil, A. B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Despite recent progress in understanding lamellipodia extension, the molecular mechanisms regulating filopodia formation remain largely unknown. Myo10 is a MyTH4-FERM myosin that localizes to the tips of filopodia and is hypothesized to function in filopodia formation. To determine whether endogenous Myo10 is required for filopodia formation, we have used scanning EM to assay the numerous filopodia normally present on the dorsal surfaces of HeLa cells. We show here that siRNA-mediated knockdown of Myo10 in HeLa cells leads to a dramatic loss of dorsal filopodia. Overexpressing the coiled coil region from Myo10 as a dominant- negative also leads to a loss of dorsal filopodia, thus providing independent evidence that Myo10 functions in filopodia formation. We also show that expressing Myo10 in COS-7 cells, a cell line that normally lacks dorsal filopodia, leads to a massive induction of dorsal filopodia. Because the dorsal filopodia induced by Myo10 are not attached to the substrate, Myo10 can promote filopodia by a mechanism that is independent of substrate attachment. Consistent with this observation, a Myo10 construct that lacks the FERM domain, the region that binds to integrin, retains the ability to induce dorsal filopodia. Deletion of the MyTH4-FERM region, however, completely abolishes Myo10's filopodia-promoting activity, as does deletion of the motor domain. Additional experiments on the mechanism of Myo10 action indicate that it acts downstream of Cdc42 and can promote filopodia in the absence of VASP proteins. Together, these data demonstrate that Myo10 is a molecular motor that functions in filopodia formation.
Neutrophil polarization: Spatiotemporal dynamics of RhoA activity support a self-organizing mechanism
Creators: name: Pertz, O.
name: Wong, K.
name: Bourne, H.
name: Hahn, K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Chemoattractants like fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP) induce neutrophils to polarize with phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) and protrusive F-actin at the front and actomyosin contraction at the sides and back. RhoA and its downstream effector, myosin II, mediate the “backness” response, which locally inhibits the “frontness” response and constrains its location to one part of the cell. In living HL-60 cells, we used a fluorescent PIP3 probe or a single-chain FRET biosensor for RhoA-GTP to assess spatial distribution of frontness or backness responses, respectively, during the first 3 min after exposure to a uniform concentration of fMLP. Increased PIP3 signal or RhoA activity initially localized randomly about the cell’s periphery but progressively redistributed to the front or to the back and sides, respectively. Cells rendered unable to mount the frontness response (by inhibiting actin polymerization or Gi, a trimeric G protein) responded to a micropipette source of attractant by localizing RhoA activity at the up-gradient edge. We infer that protrusive F-actin, induced by the frontness response, constrains the spatial distribution of backness by locally reducing activation of RhoA, thereby reducing its active form at the front. Mutual incompatibility of frontness and backness is responsible for self-organization of neutrophil polarity.