cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A note on interval colourings of graphs
Creators: name: Axenovich, Maria
name: Girão, António
name: Hollom, Lawrence
name: Portier, Julien
name: Powierski, Emil
name: Savery, Michael
name: Tamitegama, Youri
name: Versteegen, Leo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C15, 05C35, 05C10

description: A graph is said to be interval colourable if it admits a proper edge-colouring using palette $\mathbb{N}$ in which the set of colours incident to each vertex is an interval. The interval colouring thickness of a graph $G$ is the minimum $k$ such that $G$ can be edge-decomposed into $k$ interval colourable graphs. We show that $θ(n)$, the maximum interval colouring thickness of an $n$-vertex graph, satisfies $θ(n) =Ω(\log(n)/\log\log(n))$ and $θ(n)\leq n^{5/6+o(1)}$, which improves on the trivial lower bound and an upper bound of the first author and Zheng. As a corollary, we answer a question of Asratian, Casselgren, and Petrosyan and disprove a conjecture of Borowiecka-Olszewska, Drgas-Burchardt, Javier-Nol, and Zuazua. We also confirm a conjecture of the first author that any interval colouring of an $n$-vertex planar graph uses at most $3n/2-2$ colours.
description: 12 pages. v2: This version supersedes two independent works by subsets of the present authors which appeared on arXiv almost simultaneously: v1 of this article and arXiv:2303.05505v1
title: Sakya Pandita's "Treatise on Music" and Its Relevance to Present-Day Tibetan Liturgy.
Creators: name: Canzio, Ricardo O.
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1979

description: Part I includes a translation of the XIII century text The Treatise on Music by Sakya Pandita, and incorporates all relevant material from its commentary by the XVI century Sakyapa scholar Kunga Sonam together with explanations based on the oral transmission. The text itself, in its three chapters deals with the principles of Tibetan religious music and chant, the way of composing poetry and prescriptions for the performance of music. An introduction puts the work in its cultural context and discusses the relationship between religious music and rituals. In Part II, a version of a bskang-gso ceremony is presented complete with words, musical score and a tape recording of its performance. The piece is described and discussed with regard to liturgical form and musical elements as understood by knowledgeable Tibetans. An attempt is made to relate actual performances with the concepts expounded in the Treatise on Music, and to inquire into their relevance to present day practices. In Part III, a fully edited version of a block-print edition of the Tibetan text and its commentary is included.
sj-pdf-1-jba-10.1177_0885328220940194 - Supplemental material for Electrospinning of bioactive polycaprolactone-gelatin nanofibres with increased pore size for cartilage tissue engineering applications
Creators: name: Semitela, Ângela
name: Girão, André F
name: Fernandes, Carla
name: Ramalho, Gonçalo
name: Bdikin, Igor
name: Completo, António
name: Marques, Paula AAP
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Materials engineering

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jba-10.1177_0885328220940194 for Electrospinning of bioactive polycaprolactone-gelatin nanofibres with increased pore size for cartilage tissue engineering applications by Ângela Semitela, André F Girão, Carla Fernandes, Gonçalo Ramalho, Igor Bdikin, António Completo and Paula AAP Marques in Journal of Biomaterials Applications
title: The Industrial Development of Bengal 1900-1939: An Examination of the Economic Features of an Underdeveloped Area.
Creators: name: Iftikhar-ul-Awwal, Abu Zaher Muhammad
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1978

description: This thesis examines the industrial experience of Bengal during the period from 1900 to 1939 with particular emphasis on the role of the government as the main instrument for growth. While Chapter I builds up the case for industrial development, Chapter II examines in detail the industrial policy of the Bengal Government in the light of its own limitations as a subordinate authority to the Government of India and that of Whitehall. Chapter III is an investigation of the labour market in Bengal with particular emphasis on the supply of labour to jute, tea and coal industries in relation to wages and conditions of work. In Chapter IV, we have examined the rates of profitability and security of industrial investments. In this chapter, we have also examined the various financial institutions of the time and their role in the industrial development of the province. Chapter V points to some of the handicaps experienced by Indian entrepreneurs, and in the above light looks at their contribution to the larger industrial establishments of Bengal. The next two Chapters, VI and VII examine the growth and development of the two biggest manufacturing industries of our period - jute and handloom cotton weaving industries. The concluding chapter, which is Chapter VIII, is an estimate of the industrial progress made in the province during the period under review.
Shadoks Approach to Convex Covering
Creators: name: da Fonseca, Guilherme D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We describe the heuristics used by the Shadoks team in the CG:SHOP 2023 Challenge. The Challenge consists of 206 instances, each being a polygon with holes. The goal is to cover each instance polygon with a small number of convex polygons. Our general strategy is the following. We find a big collection of large (often maximal) convex polygons inside the instance polygon and then solve several set cover problems to find a small subset of the collection that covers the whole polygon.
description: SoCG CG:SHOP 2023 Challenge
Rapidly growing primordial black holes as seeds of the massive high-redshift JWST Galaxies
Creators: name: Yuan, Guan-Wen
name: Lei, Lei
name: Wang, Yuan-Zhu
name: Wang, Bo
name: Wang, Yi-Ying
name: Chen, Chao
name: Shen, Zhao-Qiang
name: Cai, Yi-Fu
name: Fan, Yi-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A group of massive galaxies at redshifts of $z\gtrsim 7$ have been recently detected by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), which were unexpected to form so early within the framework of standard Big Bang cosmology. In this work, we propose that this puzzle can be explained by the presence of some primordial black holes (PBHs) with a mass of $\sim 1000 M_\odot$. These PBHs, clothed in dark matter halo and undergoing super-Eddington accretion, serve as seeds for the early galaxy formation with masses of $\sim 10^{8}-10^{10}~M_\odot$ at high redshift, thus accounting for the JWST observations. Using a hierarchical Bayesian inference framework to constrain the PBH mass distribution models, we find that the Lognormal model with $M_{\rm c}\sim 750M_\odot$ is preferred over other hypotheses. These rapidly growing BHs are expected to emit strong radiation and may appear as high-redshift compact objects, similar to those recently discovered by JWST. Although we focuse on PBHs in this work, the bound on the initial mass of the seed black holes remains robust even if they were formed through astrophysical channels.
description: Accepted by Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy
title: The Administration of Justice in a Bi-Jural Country: The United Republic of Cameroon.
Creators: name: Anyangwe, Carlson Emmanuel Wunde
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1979

description: This work is an exercise in practical comparative law. It examines how justice is administered in a unitary State with two extraneous legal systems, the common law and the civil law. The whole work is divided into six main parts. Part One explores the phenomenon of law in pre-colonial societies and explains how Cameroon came to have two extraneous legal systems. The German, French and British systems of colonial justice in Cameroon are critically discussed in Part Two. Part Three takes the machinery of justice as its focus of inquiry. It begins with a survey of the constitutional setting and them proceeds to deal with the courts system and the outward manifestation of the legal order - the magistracy and the legal profession. Part Five treats the administration of criminal and military justice while Part Four concentrates on those branches of the civil law on which there is now a common substantive law and procedure, namely, labour law, le contentieux administratif, and customary law. Part Six rounds off this study with an examination of a number of topical issues - human rights, law reform, legal education, and the cost of justice. The entire thesis runs to twenty chapters. Style and treatment have not been the same in all of them. Nor has an attempt been made to give equal space and attention to each part or chapter - as if one were dividing an academic cake into symmetrical slices. There are topics which call for and have received more detailed analysis than others.
Supplemental Material, Appendix_1 - Role of Negative Pressure Wound Care and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Sternal Wound Infections After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Creators: name: Copeland, Hannah
name: Newcombe, Jennifer
name: Yamin, Feras
name: Bhajri, Khaled
name: Mille, Vanessa Ayer
name: Nahidh Hasaniya
name: Bailey, Leonard
name: Anees J. Razzouk
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cardiology
subject: 111403 Paediatrics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110323 Surgery

description: Supplemental Material, Appendix_1 for Role of Negative Pressure Wound Care and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Sternal Wound Infections After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery by Hannah Copeland, Jennifer Newcombe, Feras Yamin, Khaled Bhajri, Vanessa Ayer Mille, Nahidh Hasaniya, Leonard Bailey, and Anees J. Razzouk in World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery
Supplementary_MaterialR1CleanVersion – Supplemental material for Direction-Specific Instability Poststroke Is Associated With Deficient Motor Modules for Balance Control
Creators: name: Kam, Digna De
name: Geurts, Alexander C.
name: Weerdesteyn, Vivian
name: Gelsy Torres-Oviedo
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 110308 Geriatrics and Gerontology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: Neuroscience

description: Supplemental material, Supplementary_MaterialR1CleanVersion for Direction-Specific Instability Poststroke Is Associated With Deficient Motor Modules for Balance Control by Digna de Kam, Alexander C. Geurts, Vivian Weerdesteyn, and Gelsy Torres-Oviedo in Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair
Supplemental_Figure_1_DSMP_3.16.18 – Supplemental material for Successfully Managing Diabetes in a Community Setting: Evidence From the YMCA of Greater Richmond Diabetes Control Program
Creators: name: Mezuk, Briana
name: Thornton, William
name: Shawnita Sealy-Jefferson
name: Montgomery, Joshua
name: Smith, Jana
name: Evanise Lexima
name: Ruiz, Maria Jose Mejia
name: Concha, Jeannie B.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111199 Nutrition and Dietetics not elsewhere classified
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: 160807 Sociological Methodology and Research Methods
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Supplemental material, Supplemental_Figure_1_DSMP_3.16.18 for Successfully Managing Diabetes in a Community Setting: Evidence From the YMCA of Greater Richmond Diabetes Control Program by Briana Mezuk, William Thornton, Shawnita Sealy-Jefferson, Joshua Montgomery, Jana Smith, Evanise Lexima, Maria Jose Mejia Ruiz and Jeannie B. Concha in The Diabetes Educator
Manifold Learning by Mixture Models of VAEs for Inverse Problems
Creators: name: Alberti, Giovanni S.
name: Hertrich, Johannes
name: Santacesaria, Matteo
name: Sciutto, Silvia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Representing a manifold of very high-dimensional data with generative models has been shown to be computationally efficient in practice. However, this requires that the data manifold admits a global parameterization. In order to represent manifolds of arbitrary topology, we propose to learn a mixture model of variational autoencoders. Here, every encoder-decoder pair represents one chart of a manifold. We propose a loss function for maximum likelihood estimation of the model weights and choose an architecture that provides us the analytical expression of the charts and of their inverses. Once the manifold is learned, we use it for solving inverse problems by minimizing a data fidelity term restricted to the learned manifold. To solve the arising minimization problem we propose a Riemannian gradient descent algorithm on the learned manifold. We demonstrate the performance of our method for low-dimensional toy examples as well as for deblurring and electrical impedance tomography on certain image manifolds.
Variational quantum simulation: a case study for understanding warm starts
Creators: name: Puig, Ricard
name: Drudis, Marc
name: Thanasilp, Supanut
name: Holmes, Zoë
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The barren plateau phenomenon, characterized by loss gradients that vanish exponentially with system size, poses a challenge to scaling variational quantum algorithms. Here we explore the potential of warm starts, whereby one initializes closer to a solution in the hope of enjoying larger loss variances. Focusing on an iterative variational method for learning shorter-depth circuits for quantum real time evolution we conduct a case study to elucidate the potential and limitations of warm starts. We start by proving that the iterative variational algorithm will exhibit substantial (at worst vanishing polynomially in system size) gradients in a small region around the initializations at each time-step. Convexity guarantees for these regions are then established, suggesting trainability for polynomial size time-steps. However, our study highlights scenarios where a good minimum shifts outside the region with trainability guarantees. Our analysis leaves open the question whether such minima jumps necessitate optimization across barren plateau landscapes or whether there exist gradient flows, i.e., fertile valleys away from the plateau with substantial gradients, that allow for training. While our main focus is on this case study of variational quantum simulation, we end by discussing how our results work in other iterative settings.
description: 11 + 34 pages, 5 + 3 figures
title: British Penetration of the Sahara and Western Sudan, 1788-1861.
Creators: name: Boahen, Albert Adu
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1959

description: The systematic exploration of the interior of Africa, which began in 1788 with the formation of the African Association, and the subsequent frantic search for the source and mouth of the Niger, were an extension into Africa of the botanical and geographical explorations of the eighteenth century, and the search for new markets and raw materials necessitated by the Industrial Revolution. From 1805, when the Government assumed responsibility for exploring the interior, the economic motive became even more prominent. It was not until the second Clapperton mission of 1825 that motives for the abolition of the slave trade became a factor in the drive into the interior. While the missions of Houghton and Park, and those of Denham and Clapperton, and Laing from the west and north coasts respectively opened up increasingly the Sahara and Sudan, the venerable Niger problem was not unravelled until 1830. The failure of the Liverpool expedition of 1833 to exploit the Niger as a commercial highway and the Government's reluctance to sponsor any further attempts, and, in the north, the diplomatic breach between the Tripolitanian and British governments over the murder of Laing, halted the penetration into the interior. However, Buxton's campaigns led to the resumption of activities on the Niger with the dispatch of the 1841 expedition, and in the north, with the establishment of the first vice-consulate in the Sahara at Murzuk and Richardson's mission to Ghat. The failure of the 1841 expedition, the fear of French expansion from Algeria, and the hope of developing trade intensified British interests in the Sahara shown by the creation of the second vice-consulate at Ghadames in 1850. The famous Richardson-Barth mission was the logical sequel to the British activities in the Sahara. The discovery of the prophylactic use of quinine made the Niger rather than the Sahara the obvious avenue into the interior. The more favourable attitude to French expansion southwards in the late fifties, the abolition of the slave trade in the Ottoman Empire and in the Barbary states except Morocco, and the consequent diversion of the slave traffic into channels outside the purview of the vice-consulates, led to the British withdrawal from the Sahara in 1861.
EP Aquarii: a new picture of the circumstellar envelope
Creators: name: Nhung, P. T.
name: Hoai, D. T.
name: Darriulat, P.
name: Diep, P. N.
name: Ngoc, N. B.
name: Thai, T. T.
name: Tuan-Anh, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New analyses of earlier ALMA observations of oxygen-rich AGB star EP Aquarii are presented, which contribute major progress to our understanding of the morpho-kinematics of the circumstellar envelope (CSE). The birth of the equatorial density enhancement (EDE) is shown to occur very close to the star where evidence for rotation has been obtained. High Doppler velocity wings are seen to consist of two components, the front end of the global wind, reaching above $\pm$12 km s$^{-1}$, and an effective line broadening, confined within 200 mas from the centre of the star, reaching above $\pm$20 km s$^{-1}$ and interpreted as caused by the pattern of shock waves resulting from the interaction between stellar pulsation and convective cell granulation. Close to the star, episodic and lumpy mass ejections are observed, and their interaction with the gas of the nascent EDE, first rotating and later slowly expanding, is seen to play an important role in the development of the wind and the evolution of its radial velocity from 8-10 km s$^{-1}$ on the polar symmetry axis to $\sim$2 km s$^{-1}$ at the equator. It implies a very complex morpho-kinematics, which prevents making reliable interpretations with reasonable confidence. In particular, it sheds serious doubts on an earlier interpretation implying the presence of a white dwarf companion orbiting the star at an angular distance of $\sim$0.4 arcsec from its centre and currently west of it.
Exponentially improved efficient machine learning for quantum many-body states with provable guarantees
Creators: name: Che, Yanming
name: Gneiting, Clemens
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Solving the ground state and the ground-state properties of quantum many-body systems is generically a hard task for classical algorithms. For a family of Hamiltonians defined on an $m$-dimensional space of physical parameters, the ground state and its properties at an arbitrary parameter configuration can be predicted via a machine learning protocol up to a prescribed prediction error $\varepsilon$, provided that a sample set (of size $N$) of the states can be efficiently prepared and measured. In a recent work [Huang et al., Science 377, eabk3333 (2022)], a rigorous guarantee for such a generalization was proved. Unfortunately, an exponential scaling for the provable sample complexity, $N=m^{\cal{O}\left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right)}$, was found to be universal for generic gapped Hamiltonians. This result applies to the situation where the dimension of the parameter space is large while the scaling with the accuracy is not an urgent factor. In this work, we consider an alternative scenario where $m$ is a finite, not necessarily large constant while the scaling with the prediction error becomes the central concern. By jointly preserving the fundamental properties of density matrices in the learning protocol and utilizing the continuity of quantum states in the parameter range of interest, we rigorously obtain a polynomial sample complexity for predicting quantum many-body states and their properties, with respect to the uniform prediction error $\varepsilon$ and the number of qubits $n$. Moreover, if restricted to learning local quantum-state properties, the number of samples with respect to $n$ can be further reduced exponentially. Our results provide theoretical guarantees for efficient learning of quantum many-body states and their properties, with model-independent applications not restricted to ground states of gapped Hamiltonians.
description: Published on Physical Review Research 6, 033035 (2024)
First-principles study of the interactions of hydrogen with low-index surfaces of PdCu ordered alloy
Creators: name: Tang, Min
name: Li, Hengbo
name: Yuan, Wentao
name: Zou, Shihui
name: Sun, Chenghua
name: Wang, Yong
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: PdCu catalysts play a key role in several hydrogen-involved processes. Among these reactions, the interaction of hydrogen with PdCu essentially determines the catalytic performance. However, the response of PdCu to surrounding hydrogen has been poorly investigated, especially for specific facets of PdCu at different environment. In this work, taking temperature and hydrogen pressure into account, we studied the hydrogen-surface interactions for four low-index surfaces of PdCu through first-principles calculations. It was found that H-PdCu adsorption strong relies on the facets, hydrogen coverage, and reaction environment (temperature and H-pressure). Our work highlights the importance of the environment on the nature of catalyst surfaces and reactions and offers a plausible way to investigate the interactions between gas and the surfaces of nanocatalysts in real reactions.
Network-Based T-S Fuzzy Dynamic Positioning Controller Design for Unmanned Marine Vehicles
Creators: name: Wang, Yu Long
name: Han, Qinglong
name: Fei, Min Rui
name: Peng, Chen
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This paper is concerned with a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy dynamic positioning controller design for an unmanned marine vehicle (UMV) in network environments. Network-based T-S fuzzy dynamic positioning system (DPS) models for the UMV are first established. Then, stability and stabilization criteria are derived by taking into consideration an asynchronous difference between the normalized membership function of the T-S fuzzy DPS and that of the controller. The proposed stabilization criteria can stabilize states of the UMV. The dynamic positioning performance analysis verifies the effectiveness of the networked modeling and the controller design.
A Billion-scale Foundation Model for Remote Sensing Images
Creators: name: Cha, Keumgang
name: Seo, Junghoon
name: Lee, Taekyung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As the potential of foundation models in visual tasks has garnered significant attention, pretraining these models before downstream tasks has become a crucial step. The three key factors in pretraining foundation models are the pretraining method, the size of the pretraining dataset, and the number of model parameters. Recently, research in the remote sensing field has focused primarily on the pretraining method and the size of the dataset, with limited emphasis on the number of model parameters. This paper addresses this gap by examining the effect of increasing the number of model parameters on the performance of foundation models in downstream tasks such as rotated object detection and semantic segmentation. We pretrained foundation models with varying numbers of parameters, including 86M, 605.26M, 1.3B, and 2.4B, to determine whether performance in downstream tasks improved with an increase in parameters. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first billion-scale foundation model in the remote sensing field. Furthermore, we propose an effective method for scaling up and fine-tuning a vision transformer in the remote sensing field. To evaluate general performance in downstream tasks, we employed the DOTA v2.0 and DIOR-R benchmark datasets for rotated object detection, and the Potsdam and LoveDA datasets for semantic segmentation. Experimental results demonstrated that, across all benchmark datasets and downstream tasks, the performance of the foundation models and data efficiency improved as the number of parameters increased. Moreover, our models achieve the state-of-the-art performance on several datasets including DIOR-R, Postdam, and LoveDA.
description: This manuscript is the accepted version for IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing (IEEE J-STARS)
QAEA-DR: A Unified Text Augmentation Framework for Dense Retrieval
Creators: name: Tan, Hongming
name: Zhan, Shaoxiong
name: Lin, Hai
name: Zheng, Hai-Tao
name: Chan, Wai Kin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In dense retrieval, embedding long texts into dense vectors can result in information loss, leading to inaccurate query-text matching. Additionally, low-quality texts with excessive noise or sparse key information are unlikely to align well with relevant queries. Recent studies mainly focus on improving the sentence embedding model or retrieval process. In this work, we introduce a novel text augmentation framework for dense retrieval. This framework transforms raw documents into information-dense text formats, which supplement the original texts to effectively address the aforementioned issues without modifying embedding or retrieval methodologies. Two text representations are generated via large language models (LLMs) zero-shot prompting: question-answer pairs and element-driven events. We term this approach QAEA-DR: unifying question-answer generation and event extraction in a text augmentation framework for dense retrieval. To further enhance the quality of generated texts, a scoring-based evaluation and regeneration mechanism is introduced in LLM prompting. Our QAEA-DR model has a positive impact on dense retrieval, supported by both theoretical analysis and empirical experiments.
Near-infrared high refractive-index three-dimensional inverse woodpile photonic crystals generated by a sol-gel process
Creators: name: Jia, Baohua
name: Wu, Shuhui
name: Li, Jiafang
name: Gu, Min
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: We demonstrate the formation of complete pieces of high refractive-index three-dimensional inverse woodpile photonic crystals by a simple and inexpensive sol-gel process. A mixture of the titanium dioxide precursor and the silica dioxide precursor was infiltrated multiple times into a polymeric template produced by two-photon polymerization to improve the mechanical properties of the inverse structure. After removal of the polymer template, transparent inverse photonic crystals with a refractive index of approximately 2.2 were achieved. The spectroscopic characterization reveals a stop gap in the near-infrared wavelength range, agreeing with the theoretical prediction.
Analysis of a WSGD scheme for backward fractional Feynman-Kac equation with nonsmooth data
Creators: name: Hao, Liyao
name: Tian, Wenyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M06, 65M15, 35R11, 35R05

description: In this paper, we propose and analyze a second-order time-stepping numerical scheme for the inhomogeneous backward fractional Feynman-Kac equation with nonsmooth initial data. The complex parameters and time-space coupled Riemann-Liouville fractional substantial integral and derivative in the equation bring challenges on numerical analysis and computations. The nonlocal operators are approximated by using the weighted and shifted Grünwald difference (WSGD) formula. Then a second-order WSGD scheme is obtained after making some initial corrections. Moreover, the error estimates of the proposed time-stepping scheme are rigorously established without the regularity requirement on the exact solution. Finally, some numerical experiments are performed to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed numerical scheme.
Improving physical activity, pain and function in patients waiting for hip and knee arthroplasty by combining targeted exercise training with behaviour change counselling: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: O'Brien, Jane
name: Hamilton, Kyra
name: Williams, Andrew
name: Fell, James
name: Mulford, Jonathan
name: Cheney, Michael
name: Wu, Sam
name: Bird, Marie Louise
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Background: Osteoarthritis often results in prolonged periods of reduced physical activity and is associated with adverse health outcomes, including increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Exercise interventions for patients on the waiting list for arthroplasty can reduce the risk of long-term adverse outcomes by increasing activity levels. However, uptake and ongoing positive rates of physical activity in this population are low and the impact of pre-operative behaviour counselling on exercise is not known.
Method/design: The exercise and behaviour change counselling (ENHANCE) trial is a two-arm assessor-blind randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of a 12-week exercise intervention designed to improve long-term physical activity and functional abilities for people awaiting arthroplasty. Participants on the waiting list for hip and knee arthroplasty are recruited from one clinical site in Australia. After collection of baseline data, participants are randomised to either an intervention or control group. The control group receive usual care, as recommended by evidence-based guidelines. The intervention group receive an individualised programme of exercises and counselling sessions. The 12-week exercise programme integrates multiple elements, including up to five in-person counselling sessions, supported by written materials. Participants are encouraged to seek social support among their friends and self-monitor their physical activity. The primary outcome is physical activity (daily step count and percentage of day spent in sedentary activities). Secondary outcomes include pain ratings, physical function, psychosocial factors and changes in clinical markers linked with potential common chronic diseases (diabetes and cardiovascular disease). All outcomes are assessed at baseline and 26 weeks later and again at 26 weeks post-surgery.
Discussion: This study seeks to address a significant gap in current osteoarthritis management practice by providing evidence for the effectiveness of an exercise programme combined with behaviour counselling for adults waiting for hip and knee arthroplasty. Theory-driven evidence-based strategies that can improve an individual's exercise selfefficacy and self-management capacity could have a significant impact on the development of secondary chronic disease in this population. Information gained from this study will contribute to the evidence base on the management of adults waiting for hip and knee arthroplasty.
Akkermansia muciniphila: A promising probiotic against inflammation and metabolic disorders
Creators: name: Zhao, Yanqing
name: Yang, Huijun
name: Wu, Peng
name: Yang, Shuguo
name: Xue, Wenkun
name: Xu, Biao
name: Zhang, Sirui
name: Tang, Bin
name: Xu, Daoxiu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Metabolic disease is a worldwide epidemic that has become a public health problem. Gut microbiota is considered to be one of the important factors that maintain human health by regulating host metabolism. As an abundant bacterium in the host gut, A. muciniphila regulates metabolic and immune functions, and protects gut health. Multiple studies have indicated that alterations in the abundance of A. muciniphila are associated with various diseases, including intestinal inflammatory diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and even parasitic diseases. Beneficial effects were observed not only in live A. muciniphila, but also in pasteurized A. muciniphila, A. muciniphila-derived extracellular vesicles, outer membrane, and secreted proteins. Although numerous studies have only proven the simple correlation between multiple diseases and A. muciniphila, an increasing number of studies in animal models and preclinical models have demonstrated that the beneficial impacts shifted from correlations to in-depth mechanisms. In this review, we provide a comprehensive view of the beneficial effects of A. muciniphila on different diseases and summarize the potential mechanisms of action of A. muciniphila in the treatment of diseases. We provide a comprehensive understanding of A. muciniphila for improving host health and discuss the perspectives of A. muciniphila in the future studies.
title: Sir Elijah Impey in India 1774-1783.
Creators: name: Pandey, B. N.
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1958

description: This is study of the life and character of Sir Elijah Impey as the first Chief justice of the first Supreme Court of India. He arrived in India with a commission to administer justice according to English law and to check the Company's servants in their oppressions of the Indians. In order to administer justice according to English legal principles it was necessary. not only to establish the Supreme Court as an independent organ of King's justice but also to treat the English and Indians alike in the eyes of the law. To check oppression and corruption it was further necessary to bring under the jurisdiction of the Court the revenue and judicial officers of the Company. The late 12th century political condition of Bengal was very unfavourable for the attainments of these objects. As against the cause of law and justice which Impey tried to hold above all considerations, the Supreme Council set up the commercial and political interests of the Company. As a result the Council and the Court entered into a long series of quarrels which lasted during the whole period of Impey's stay in India. Whether the Supreme Court was to serve under the supervision and in the interest of the Council or it was to function independently as a body of checks and balances, was the main issue of quarrel between the Court and the Council. This thesis, therefore, considers the background against which Impey had to work, the objects he had in view and the methods he applied for their accomplishment. It also assesses how and under what circumstances Impey led the infant Court in its struggle against the Council and to what extent he was successful in the attainment of his objects.
An Eulerian hyperbolic model for heat transfer derived via Hamilton's principle: analytical and numerical study
Creators: name: Dhaouadi, Firas
name: Gavrilyuk, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35L65, 80A05, 80M12, 80-10, 65M08

description: In this paper, we present a new model for heat transfer in compressible fluid flows. The model is derived from Hamilton's principle of stationary action in Eulerian coordinates, in a setting where the entropy conservation is recovered as an Euler--Lagrange equation. The governing system is shown to be hyperbolic. It is asymptotically consistent with the Euler equations for compressible heat conducting fluids, provided the addition of suitable relaxation terms. A study of the Rankine--Hugoniot conditions and the Clausius--Duhem inequality reveals that contact discontinuities cannot exist while expansion waves and compression fans are possible solutions to the governing equations. Evidence of these properties is provided on a set of numerical test cases.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures
SPARSEFIT: Few-shot Prompting with Sparse Fine-tuning for Jointly Generating Predictions and Natural Language Explanations
Creators: name: Solano, Jesus
name: Sanni, Mardhiyah
name: Camburu, Oana-Maria
name: Minervini, Pasquale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Models that generate natural language explanations (NLEs) for their predictions have recently gained increasing interest. However, this approach usually demands large datasets of human-written NLEs for the ground-truth answers at training time, which can be expensive and potentially infeasible for some applications. When only a few NLEs are available (a few-shot setup), fine-tuning pre-trained language models (PLMs) in conjunction with prompt-based learning has recently shown promising results. However, PLMs typically have billions of parameters, making full fine-tuning expensive. We propose SparseFit, a sparse few-shot fine-tuning strategy that leverages discrete prompts to jointly generate predictions and NLEs. We experiment with SparseFit on three sizes of the T5 language model and four datasets and compare it against existing state-of-the-art Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) techniques. We find that fine-tuning only 6.8% of the model parameters leads to competitive results for both the task performance and the quality of the generated NLEs compared to full fine-tuning of the model and produces better results on average than other PEFT methods in terms of predictive accuracy and NLE quality.
Effect of Biochar on Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil
Creators: name: Kancharla Ashok Kumar1, Dumpapenchala Vijayreddy2 and Lakkam Yashwanth Reddy3
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description: Healthy soil is the foundation of sustainable agriculture. Acidic soil is a big issue in many places of the world, including India. Biochar, a charcoal-like substance made by burning organic debris, is a possible alternative. Biochar has several advantages. Its porous structure behaves like a sponge, retaining more water in dry soils. This expanded surface area also facilitates nutrient adsorption, making nutrients more accessible to plants. In addition, biochar can help neutralise acidic soil, making it more conducive to plant development. The efficiency of biochar is determined by how it is manufactured. Its qualities are influenced by the temperature at which it is manufactured and the type of organic material utilised. Research is being conducted to optimise production methods for certain soil types. Biochar has enormous potential for increasing soil fertility and encouraging sustainable agriculture practices. Its capacity to increase water retention, nutrient availability and neutralise acidity makes it an important tool for farmers looking to boost crop yields and soil health.
title: British Attitudes and Policy Towards the Taiping Rebellion in China 1850-64.
Creators: name: Gregory, John Stradbroke
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1957

description: Part I surveys official attitudes and policy over the whole period of the rebellion. The main points developed are that the early policy of armed and limited neutrality was not significantly biassed in favour of either Manchus or Taipings, although official British opinion quickly came to discount the religious, political and commercial possibilities of the rebellion. By 1860 British neutrality was clearly inclined to favour the Manchus, especially after further treaty concessions had been forced from them by the war of 1856-60. But the idea that British policy changed quickly and decisively after that war is challenged, and it is pointed out that the intervention actually undertaken after 1862 was deliberately limited in extent and began in quite unpremeditated fashion. The main reason for the change in British policy is found in the official conviction that the rebellion was destructive of political order and therefore of the conditions for British trade in China, not in such things as fear of a strong, nationalist Taiping government which would prohibit the opium trade effectively. Part II surveys the attitudes of unofficial groups. British merchants, it is suggested, were somewhat dubious in their first reactions to the rebellion, yet were divided over the later policy of intervention, many considering this a dangerous provocation of a powerful movement which, up to 1862, had not seriously disrupted trade. British missionaries, although very hopeful and favourable towards the rebellion at first, always had considerable doubts about it. There was a renewal of missionary hopes about 1860-1, but closer observation led to almost total rejection by 1862, though, as with the merchants, many opposed intervention. There is no evidence that the merchants, still less the missionaries, decisively influenced the development of official policy. Other opinion on the rebellion is illustrated, the main point emerging being that there was much public debate about 1862-3 on the wisdom of the policy of intervention.
title: The Southern Sudan, 1839-1889.
Creators: name: Gray, J. R.
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1957

description: In 1839, with the discovery of a navigable waterway stretching a thousand miles into the interior, Khartoum became the river-port for central Africa. Its pagan hinterland, the southern Sudan, soon extended to the northern reaches of the Congo basin and the confines of the Lacustrine Kingdoms of Bunyoro and Buganda. The peoples of the area were suddenly exposed to attempts to open up equatorial Africa from the upper Nile, and this vast sphere of influence endured until the Mahdi captured Khartoum. European missionaries and merchants were the first to seize a unique opportunity to seek converts and fortunes, yet they became involved in conflict and disaster. In most of this area this was the result not of the slave trade, but of the ivory trade, which became linked with violence and plunder. The missionaries could accomplish nothing, exploration was hindered, local European interests declined and by 1860 they were being replaced by large number of northern Arab settlers. In the Bahr el Ghazal the ivory trade was from the beginning dependent on settlements of Arab servants and an overland slave trade increased the devastation. An Egyptian expedition, despatched in 1869 to annex the area, was the first attempt to establish an imperial administration in the interior of Africa. Encountering difficulties from the previous spread of violence, Baker, the commander of the expedition, failed to take possession of the Lacustrine Kingdoms. His successors, Gordon and Emin, were similarly handicapped in their efforts to develop the area and alternative routes were developed. Egyptian resources were diverts by a rebellion of the slave traders in the Bahr el Ghazal. Although temporarily suppressed, the traders later united with the Mahdi to overthrow Egyptian power throughout the Sudan. As the highway to the interior the southern Sudan attracted British interest, the Egyptian imperial expansion was one of the factors leading to the scramble for Africa. With the decline of Egyptian power a group of British humanitarians prepared to build on its foundations, but on the withdrawal of Emin in 1889 this intrusion came to an end.
Supplemental_Materials_-_inter_correlation_matrices - Scoring Dimension-Level Job Performance From Narrative Comments: Validity and Generalizability When Using Natural Language Processing
Creators: name: Speer, Andrew B.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150310 Organisation and Management Theory
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 160807 Sociological Methodology and Research Methods
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Supplemental_Materials_-_inter_correlation_matrices for Scoring Dimension-Level Job Performance From Narrative Comments: Validity and Generalizability When Using Natural Language Processing by Andrew B. Speer in Organizational Research Methods
BiomedGPT: A Generalist Vision-Language Foundation Model for Diverse Biomedical Tasks
Creators: name: Zhang, Kai
name: Zhou, Rong
name: Adhikarla, Eashan
name: Yan, Zhiling
name: Liu, Yixin
name: Yu, Jun
name: Liu, Zhengliang
name: Chen, Xun
name: Davison, Brian D.
name: Ren, Hui
name: Huang, Jing
name: Chen, Chen
name: Zhou, Yuyin
name: Fu, Sunyang
name: Liu, Wei
name: Liu, Tianming
name: Li, Xiang
name: Chen, Yong
name: He, Lifang
name: Zou, James
name: Li, Quanzheng
name: Liu, Hongfang
name: Sun, Lichao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Traditional biomedical artificial intelligence (AI) models, designed for specific tasks or modalities, often exhibit limited flexibility in real-world deployment and struggle to utilize holistic information. Generalist AI holds the potential to address these limitations due to its versatility in interpreting different data types and generating tailored outputs for diverse needs. However, existing biomedical generalist AI solutions are typically heavyweight and closed source to researchers, practitioners, and patients. Here, we propose BiomedGPT, the first open-source and lightweight vision-language foundation model, designed as a generalist capable of performing various biomedical tasks. BiomedGPT achieved state-of-the-art results in 16 out of 25 experiments while maintaining a computing-friendly model scale. We also conducted human evaluations to assess the capabilities of BiomedGPT in radiology visual question answering, report generation, and summarization. BiomedGPT exhibits robust prediction ability with a low error rate of 3.8% in question answering, satisfactory performance with an error rate of 8.3% in writing complex radiology reports, and competitive summarization ability with a nearly equivalent preference score to human experts. Our method demonstrates that effective training with diverse data can lead to more practical biomedical AI for improving diagnosis and workflow efficiency.
description: Fix incorrect citations and add journal reference for the published version. Nat Med (2024)