cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A neutral hydrogen survey of polar ring galaxies IV. Parkes observations
Creators: name: van Driel, W.
name: Combes, F.
name: Arnaboldi, M.
name: Sparke, L. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A total of 33 polar ring galaxies and polar ring galaxy candidates were observed in the 21-cm HI line with the 64-m Parkes radio telescope. The objects, selected by their optical morphology, are all south of declination -39 degrees and in only 5 of them HI had been reported previously. HI line emission was detected towards 18 objects, though in 3 cases the detection may be confused by another galaxy in the telescope beam, and one is a marginal detection. Eight objects were detected for the first time in HI, of which 5 did not have previously known redshifts.
description: Accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics, 12/2/2002; new references added on 20/2/2002
Trade Balance and the J-Curve Phenomenon in Malawi
Creators: name: Mataya, Charles S.
name: Veeman, Michele M.
name: Mataya, Charles S.
name: Veeman, Michele M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The effects of successive currency devaluations, since the 1980s, on Malawi's trade balance are analysed. The major hypothesis tested is that currency devaluation leads to an improvement in trade balance through changes in the real exchange rate. This hypothesis is not supported by the data for Malawi. Although there is evidence of a lagged adjustment yielding an improvement in the trade balance three years after devaluation, the magnitude of this improvement is insufficient to overcome the initial decline in the trade balance following devaluation. The extent of improvement is not consistent with that implied by the hypothesized J-curve effect. The analysis suggests that a one percent rise in real domestic income results in 0.5 per cent per reduction in the trade balance, whereas changes in real foreign income do not appear to have any effect on the trade balance. The lack of responsiveness of Malawi's trade balance to changes in foreign income may be associated with the unmanufactured nature of Malawi's export commodities and the relatively unfavorable market conditions for these exports in the major importing western countries. Other policy measures than those that have been relied on to date are evidently necessary for the desired improvements in trade balance to be achieved.
Discovery of High-Latitude CO in a HI Supershell in NGC 5775
Creators: name: Lee, S. -W.
name: Seaquist, E. R.
name: Leon, S.
name: Garcia-Burillo, S.
name: Irwin, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of very high latitude molecular gas in the edge-on spiral galaxy, NGC 5775. Emission from both the J=1-0 and 2-1 lines of 12CO is detected up to 4.8 kpc away from the mid-plane of the galaxy. NGC 5775 is known to host a number of HI supershells. The association of the molecular gas M(H2,F2) = 3.1x10^7 solar masses reported here with one of the HI supershells (labeled F2) is clear, which suggests that molecular gas may have survived the process which originally formed the supershell. Alternatively, part of the gas could have been formed in situ at high latitude from shock-compression of pre-existing HI gas. The CO J=2-1/J=1-0 line ratio of 0.34+-40% is significantly lower than unity, which suggests that the gas is excited subthermally, with gas density a few times 100 cubic cm. The molecular gas is likely in the form of cloudlets which are confined by magnetic and cosmic rays pressure. The potential energy of the gas at high latitude is found to be 2x10^56 ergs and the total (HI + H2) kinetic energy is 9x10^53 ergs. Based on the energetics of the supershell, we suggest that most of the energy in the supershell is in the form of potential energy and that the supershell is on the verge of falling and returning the gas to the disk of the galaxy.
description: Accept by ApJL, 4 pages, 3 ps figures
The application of N-butyl Phosphorothioate Triamine and Dicyandiamide changes the soil N2O production path
Creators: name: Yan, Qing
name: Liang, Junfeng
name: Zhao, Di
name: Zhang, Lisheng
name: Zhang, Keqiang
name: Wang, Feng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: This study aims to explore the effect of nitrification inhibitor combined with urease inhibitor on soil N2O emission under different nitrogen application depths. We carried out a soil column simulation test under 25°C. The combination of 1% N-butyl Phosphorothioate Triamine (NBPT) and 5% Dicyandiamide (DCD) was added to the soil. Anaerobically digested pig slurry (ADPS) was used as a nitrogen source and applied to four soil depths (soil surface (0 cm), 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm, respectively). It was found that the inhibitory effects of NBPT and DCD on the soil N2O emission were significantly affected by different nitrogen application depths. When the ADPS was applied at 15 cm, 10 cm, and on the soil surface, the combination of 1% NBPT and 5% DCD could inhibit soil N2O emission by 46.1%, 21.7%, and 34.6%, respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the addition of inhibitors changed the microbial paths of soil N2O production. The dominant microbial path of soil N2O production after adding inhibitors was from ammonia oxidation dominated by AOB-amoA to denitrification dominated by nirS and nirK.
PREVALENT ORAL MANIFESTATIONS IN ELDERLY PEOPLE AFFECTED BY COVID-19: A SCOPING REVIEW
Creators: name: Freire, Júlio César Guimarães
name: Rocha, Virgínia Feitosa Nogueira
name: Mélo, Cláudia Batista
name: Piagge, Carmem Silvia Laureano Dalle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110505 Oral Medicine and Pathology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: With the aging, individuals become more vulnerable to infectious diseases. Thus, elderly individuals affected by COVID-19 report the occurrence of problems in the oral cavity, highlighting the importance of oral health to evaluate the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and oral manifestations. This study aims to identify the prevalent oral manifestations in the elderly affected by COVID-19. This is a scoping review, in which the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS databases and grey literature were accessed, without definition of time and language. The search strategy used the following descriptors and keywords: Oral Health, Oral Manifestations; Pathology, Oral; Coronavirus Infections; Aged.
Spacetime Groups
Creators: name: Anderson, Ian
name: Torre, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A spacetime group is a connected 4-dimensional Lie group G endowed with a left invariant Lorentz metric h and such that the connected component of the isometry group of h is G itself. The Newman-Penrose formalism is used to give an algebraic classification of spacetime groups, that is, we determine a complete list of inequivalent spacetime Lie algebras, which are pairs (g,η), with g being a 4-dimensional Lie algebra and η being a Lorentzian inner product on g. A full analysis of the equivalence problem for spacetime Lie algebras is given which leads to a completely algorithmic solution to the problem of determining when two spacetime Lie algebras are isomorphic. The utility of our classification is demonstrated by a number of applications. The results of a detailed study of the Einstein field equations for various matter fields on spacetime groups are given, which resolve a number of open cases in the literature. The possible Petrov types of spacetime groups that, generically, are algebraically special are completely characterized. Several examples of conformally Einstein spacetime groups are exhibited. Finally, we describe some novel features of a software package created to support the computations and applications of this paper.
description: 66 pages, (version 4: some typos corrected)
Additional file 2 of WNT4 secreted by tumor tissues promotes tumor progression in colorectal cancer by activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway
Creators: name: Yang, Dongmei
name: Li, Qing
name: Shang, Renduo
name: Yao, Liwen
name: Wu, Lianlian
name: Zhang, Mengjiao
name: Zhang, Lihui
name: Xu, Ming
name: Lu, Zihua
name: Zhou, Jie
name: Huang, Li
name: Huang, Xiaodong
name: Cheng, Du
name: Yang, Yanning
name: Yu, Honggang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 2. The primers used in the study.
Composite dark matter phenomenology in the presence of lighter degrees of freedom
Creators: name: Ramos, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scalar singlet dark matter in anomaly-free composite Higgs models is accompanied by exotic particles to which the dark matter annihilates. The latter can therefore freeze out even in the absence of couplings to the Standard Model. In this regime, both current and future direct detection constraints can be avoided. Moreover, due to the different decay modes of the extra particles, the dark matter candidate can even escape indirect detection constraints. Assessing this issue requires dedicated simulations of the gamma ray spectrum, that we provide in the present article in the context of $SO(7)/SO(6)$. For the parameter space region that evades constraints from dark matter experiments, we develop new analyses to be performed at a future 100 TeV collider based on the search of the new particles produced in the decay of heavy vector-like quarks.
description: 34 pages, 11 figures; v2: minor revisions and extra references
Turbulent coherent structures and early life below the Kolmogorov scale
Creators: name: Krieger, Madison S.
name: Sinai, Sam
name: Nowak, Martin A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A great number of biological organisms live in aqueous environments. Major evolutionary transitions, including the emergence of life itself, likely occurred in such environments. While the chemical aspects of the role of water in biology are well-studied, the effects of water's physical characteristics on evolutionary events, such as the control of population structure via its rich transport properties, are less clear. Evolutionary transitions such as the emergence of the first cells and of multicellularity, require cooperation among groups of individuals. However, evolution of cooperation faces challenges in unstructured "well-mixed" populations, as parasites quickly overwhelm cooperators. Models that assume population structure to promote cooperation envision such structure to arise from spatial "lattice" models (e.g. surface bound individuals) or compartmentalization models, often realized as protocells. Here we study the effect of turbulent motions in spatial models, and propose that coherent structures, i.e. flow patterns which trap fluid and arise naturally in turbulent flows, may serve many of the properties associated with compartments--collocalization, division, and merging--and thought to play a key role in the origins of life and other evolutionary transitions. These results suggest that group selection models may be applicable with fewer physical and chemical constraints than previously thought, and apply much more widely in aqueous environments.
Rotational excitations in concentrated solid Kr-CH4 solutions. Calorimetric studies
Creators: name: Bagatskii, M. I.
name: Manzhelii, V. G.
name: Minchina, I. Ya.
name: Mashchenko, D. A.
name: Gospodarev, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The heat capacity of solid Kr-CH4 solutions with 30 and 60 mol.% CH4 has been studied at 0.8-20 K. The contribution of the rotational subsystem Crot to the heat capacity of the solutions is separated. The results obtained in this study and Ref. [4] were used to estimate the difference between the lowest-level energies of the nuclear spin A and T modifications of CH4 and to find the characteristic conversion times for the solutions with 5-60 mol.% CH4 at low temperatures.
description: 29 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
Study on assembling compactness of amphiphilic calixarenes by fluorescence anisotropy
Creators: name: Tian, Han-Wen
name: Xu, Zhe
name: Li, Hua-Bin
name: Hu, Xin-Yue
name: Guo, Dong-Sheng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Space Science
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Understanding the factors that have influence on the compactness of calixarene assemblies is important for choosing or designing molecules for specific function. In this paper, we comparatively investigated the packing performances of a series of amphiphilic calixarene assemblies by fluorescence anisotropy. Calixarene frameworks, the upper-rim decoration of head groups and the length of lower-rim alkyl chains of amphiphilic calixarenes all affect their packing compactness. This work has guiding significance for further application studies.
Spatial Strength Centrality and the Effect of Spatial Embeddings on Network Architecture
Creators: name: Liu, Andrew
name: Porter, Mason A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For many networks, it is useful to think of their nodes as being embedded in a latent space, and such embeddings can affect the probabilities for nodes to be adjacent to each other. In this paper, we extend existing models of synthetic networks to spatial network models by first embedding nodes in Euclidean space and then modifying the models so that progressively longer edges occur with progressively smaller probabilities. We start by extending a geographical fitness model by employing Gaussian-distributed fitnesses, and we then develop spatial versions of preferential attachment and configuration models. We define a notion of "spatial strength centrality" to help characterize how strongly a spatial embedding affects network structure, and we examine spatial strength centrality on a variety of real and synthetic networks.
Child Malnutrition, Agricultural Diversification and Commercialization among Smallholder Farmers in Eastern Zambia
Creators: name: Mofya-Mukuka, Rhoda
name: Kulhgatz, Christian H.
name: Mofya-Mukuka, Rhoda
name: Kulhgatz, Christian H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Zambia
subject: Malnutrition

description: With only a few months remaining, Zambia still has a long way to achieving the millennium development goal of halving the number of stunted children by the end of 2015. Almost half of the children in Zambia remain undernourished and 40% of them have stunted growth, a long term malnutrition effect. This makes Zambia one of the countries with the highest levels of malnutrition in the world. The most vulnerable are the children from rural households which depend entirely on rainfed seasonal agricultural production and income, and survive on diets that are deficient in proteins and other important nutrients.
Poisson vertex algebras in supersymmetric field theories
Creators: name: Oh, Jihwan
name: Yagi, Junya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A large class of supersymmetric quantum field theories, including all theories with $\mathcal{N} = 2$ supersymmetry in three dimensions and theories with $\mathcal{N} = 2$ supersymmetry in four dimensions, possess topological-holomorphic sectors. We formulate Poisson vertex algebras in such topological-holomorphic sectors and discuss some examples. For a four-dimensional $\mathcal{N} = 2$ superconformal field theory, the associated Poisson vertex algebra is the classical limit of a vertex algebra generated by a subset of local operators of the theory.
description: 30 pages. v2: references added. v3: references added. v4: various improvements; section 3.5 on 3d N=2 SCFTs added; references added; published version
Heavy-light physics using NRQCD-staggered actions
Creators: name: Wingate, Matthew
name: Shigemitsu, Junko
name: Lepage, G. Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One leading source of uncertainty in the lattice computation of semi-leptonic form factors in B decay, and to a lesser extent B meson decay constants, comes from the extrapolation of the light quark mass to the physical up/down mass. This talk presents first explorations of simulating the light quark with staggered fermion actions, which are free of the spurious zero modes that effect Wilson-like Dirac operators and are less costly. Methods for fitting to Euclidean-time NRQCD-staggered meson propagators are discussed, and some preliminary spectrum results are presented.
description: Talk given at Lattice2001(heavyquark), 3 pages
Nonlinear equation for curved stationary flames
Creators: name: Kazakov, Kirill A.
name: Liberman, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A nonlinear equation describing curved stationary flames with arbitrary gas expansion $θ= ρ_{\rm fuel}/ρ_{\rm burnt}$, subject to the Landau-Darrieus instability, is obtained in a closed form without an assumption of weak nonlinearity. It is proved that in the scope of the asymptotic expansion for $θ\to 1,$ the new equation gives the true solution to the problem of stationary flame propagation with the accuracy of the sixth order in $θ- 1.$ In particular, it reproduces the stationary version of the well-known Sivashinsky equation at the second order corresponding to the approximation of zero vorticity production. At higher orders, the new equation describes influence of the vorticity drift behind the flame front on the front structure. Its asymptotic expansion is carried out explicitly, and the resulting equation is solved analytically at the third order. For arbitrary values of $θ,$ the highly nonlinear regime of fast flow burning is investigated, for which case a large flame velocity expansion of the nonlinear equation is proposed.
description: 29 pages 4 figures LaTex
Diffusion of light adsorbates on transition metal surfaces
Creators: name: Townsend, Peter Stephen Morris
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: helium-3 surface spin echo spectroscopy
intermediate scattering function
Generalized Langevin Equation
Quantum Langevin Equation
quantum diffusion
surface diffusion
incoherent tunneling

description: Helium-3 surface spin echo spectroscopy (HeSE) has been used to measure the diffusive dynamics of adsorbates on close-packed metal surfaces, namely hydrogen on Cu(111), Pd(111) and Ru(0001), carbon and oxygen on Ru(0001), and oxygen on Cu(111). Chapter 2 reviews the HeSE technique and describes the relevant dynamical models and statistical methods used to interpret data in later chapters. The performance of the ionizing detector is analysed, with a focus on the signal-to-noise ratio. In Chapter 3 expressions for the classical intermediate scattering function (ISF) are introduced for open and closed systems. The effects of corrugation and surface-perpendicular motion on the amplitude of different components in the ISF are modelled analytically and compared with simulation. The exact ISF for a particle on a flat surface, obeying the Generalized Langevin Equation with exponential memory friction, is calculated analytically. In Chapter 4 the analytical ISF is calculated for quantum Brownian motion and for coherent tunneling dynamics in a tight binding system. The bounce method for calculating quantum mechanical hopping rates in dissipative systems is applied to model diffusion of hydrogen on Ru(0001). Chapter 5 presents the first HeSE measurements of carbon and oxygen diffusion. C/Ru(0001) diffusion is assigned to a small carbon cluster. The jump rate has an activation energy $E_{A}=292\pm7\,$meV in the temperature range $550\,\textrm{K}\leq T \leq 1300\,$K. Oxygen diffusion is significantly slower. By comparison of literature data with the new HeSE results, the activation energy for oxygen diffusion at low coverage is estimated as $650\pm10$meV. Oxygen measurements at high coverage $\theta\approx0.22\,$ML are consistent with strong mutual O-O interactions. Surface diffusion is also observed after exposing Cu(111) to oxygen. Chapter 6 presents low-coverage measurements of protium (H) and deuterium (D) diffusion on Ru(0001), Pd(111) and Cu(111). In the quantum activated regime there is evidence for multiple jumps in all three systems, suggesting a low dynamical friction. The measurements on Ru(0001) indicate that the deep tunneling rate is much slower for D than for H.
description: EPSRC funded, award reference 1363145
Interpreting Offsets from the Tully-Fisher Relation
Creators: name: Kannappan, S. J.
name: Gillespie, E. Barton
name: Fabricant, D. G.
name: Franx, M.
name: Vogt, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have previously demonstrated that Tully-Fisher residuals correlate with tracers of star formation history (color and emission line equivalent width) for a broad sample of Sa--Sd spiral galaxies (Kannappan, Fabricant, & Franx 2002). Here we use these correlations to study two other classes of galaxies: (1) galaxies in close pairs and (2) galaxies at intermediate redshift.
description: 1 page including 2 figures, to appear in proceedings of "Galaxy Evolution: Theory and Observations," eds. Avila-Reese, Firmani, Frenk, and Allen; RevMexAA SC style files included
Fragmentation functions and their role in determining the polarized parton densities
Creators: name: Kretzer, S.
name: Leader, E.
name: Christova, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extract the pion fragmentation functions and their uncertainties from a judicious choice of e+e- and semi-inclusive DIS data. These are used to study the error propagation in the extraction of polarized parton densities from semi-inclusive DIS asymmetries. We conclude that the uncertainties on polarized PDs have been underestimated in the past.
description: 6 pages, 2 Figures, a talk presented by E. Leader at the X International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS2002) in Krakow, 2002, Poland
The UV line spectrum of the soft X-ray transient XTE J1118+480: a CNO processed core exposed
Creators: name: Haswell, C. A.
name: Hynes, R. I.
name: King, A. R.
name: Schenker, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare UV spectra of the recent soft X-ray transients XTE J1118+480 and XTE J1859+226. The emission line strengths in XTE J1118+480 strongly suggest that the accreting material has been CNO processed. We show that this system must have come into contact with a secondary star of about 1.5 solar masses, and an orbital period ~15hr, very close to the bifurcation value at which nuclear and angular momentum loss timescales are similar. Subsequent evolution to the current period of 4.1 hr was driven by angular momentum loss. In passing through a period of 7.75 hr the secondary star would have shown essentially normal surface abundances. XTE J1118+480 could thus represent a slightly later evolutionary stage of A0620-00. We briefly discuss the broad Ly alpha absorption wings in XTE J1118+480.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Devaluation and Household Welfare in Rwanda
Creators: name: Minot, Nicholas W.
name: Minot, Nicholas W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Financial Economics

description: One of the most common criticisms of currency devaluation is that it causes disproportionate suffering among the poor. This study examines the distributional impact of price changes associated with devaluation in Rwanda using a simplified household-firm model based on household budget data. The study approximates the welfare impact on each household in the sample, making use of 'willingness-to-pay' measures of welfare impact which are theoretically superior to the standard 'consumer surplus' measure. The results indicate that price changes associated with devaluation have a proportionately greater negative impact on the real income of urban households than rural, and within each sector a greater impact on high income households than low-income. The main reason for this pattern is that rural and low-income households tend to be insulated from price changes by being less integrated in the cash economy.
Higgs boson emerging from the dark
Creators: name: Cai, Chengfeng
name: Zhang, Hong-Hao
name: Cacciapaglia, Giacomo
name: Frandsen, Mads T.
name: Rosenlyst, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new non-thermal mechanism of dark matter production based on vacuum misalignment. A global $X$-charge asymmetry is generated at high temperatures, under which both the will-be Higgs and the dark matter are charged. At lower energies, the vacuum changes alignment and breaks the $U(1)_X$, leading to the emergence of the Higgs and of a fraction of charge asymmetry stored in the stable dark matter relic. This mechanism can be present in a wide variety of models based on vacuum misalignment, and we demonstrate it in a composite Higgs template model, where all the necessary ingredients are naturally present. A light pseudo-scalar $η$ is always predicted, with interesting implications for cosmology, future supernova observations and exotic $Z \to γη$ decays.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, 1 table; accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Prediction of Metabolic Stability and Bioavailability with Bioisosteric Replacements
Creators: name: Choy, Alison Pui Ki
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: Sites of metabolism prediction
QSAR
Bioisostere
Bioavailability
Cytochrome P450 3A4
P-Glycoprotein

description: Drug development is a long and expensive process. Potential drug candidates can fail clinical trials due to numerous issues, including metabolic stability and efficacy issues, wasting years of research effort and resource. This thesis detailed the development of in silico methods to predict the metabolic stability of structures and their bioavailability. Coralie Atom-based Statistical SOM Identifier (CASSI) is a site of metabolism (SOM) predictor which provides a SOM prediction based on statistical information gathered about previously seen atoms present in similar environments. CASSI is a real-time SOM predictor accessible via graphical user interface (GUI), allowing users to view the prediction results and likelihood of each atom to undergo different types of metabolic transformation. Fast Metabolizer (FAME)1 is a ligand-based SOM predictor developed around the same time by Kirchmair et al. In the course of the evaluation of CASSI and FAME performance, the two concepts were combined to produce FamePrint. FamePrint is a tool developed within the Coralie Cheminformatics Platform developed by Lhasa Limited. which can carry out SOM predictions, as well as bioisosteric replacement identification. Same as CASSI, this is available via the Coralie application GUI. The bioavailability issues caused by the metabolic enzyme, cytochrome P450 3A4, and transporter protein P-gylcoprotein are also investigated in this work, along with the potential synergistic relationship between the two systems. In silico classifiers to distinguish substrates against non-substrates of the two systems are produced and it was envisaged that these classifiers can be integrated into FamePrint as an additional layer of information available to the user when deciding on bioisosteric replacements to use when optimising a compound.
description: Lhasa Ltd.
Agricultural Policy and the Village Economy: A Computable General Equilbrium
Creators: name: Taylor, J. Edward
name: Yunez-Naude, Antonio
name: Taylor, J. Edward
name: Yunez-Naude, Antonio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: This paper explores the impacts of agricultural policy reforms on a Mexican village economy, using a village computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. In 1994, the Mexican government replaced staple price supports with direct income transfers to producers. Two scenarios are considered in this paper. The first is the case in which the elimination of price supports is transmitted directly to the village. The second is the case in which, due to high transactions costs in staple markets, the village is entirely insulated from the price change. In this case, the policy change consists only of an income transfer to crop producers. The more the reduction in controlled prices results in a decrease in local consumption prices, the more progressive the effect of the policy change is for household-farm incomes. The greater the transmission of the government price change to local producer prices, the greater the impact on local production activities and the greater the potential efficiency gain.
Development of Three-Dimensional Super-Resolution Imaging Using a Double-Helix Point Spread Function
Creators: name: Carr, Alexander Roy
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: DHPSF
3D-SMLM
SMLM
Super-resolution
SPT
Single-molecule
Double-Helix
PSF
Fluorescence
Microscopy
T-cell
KS model

description: Single-molecule localisation microscopy (SMLM), has allowed for optical microscopy to probe biological systems beyond the diffraction limit. The intrinsic 3D nature of biology has motivated the development of 3D-SMLM with novel techniques, including the double-helix point spread function (DHPSF). A bespoke microscope platform employing the DHPSF transformation was built, achieving ~10 nm lateral and ~20 nm axial localisation precision over a ~4 μm axial depth. Until recently, the DHPSF has been limited by spherical aberration present when imaging away from coverslip surfaces to the study of small volumes close to the coverslip. By matching the refractive index of the objective lens immersion liquid to that of the imaging media, this aberration can be minimised, facilitating large-volume imaging away from unphysiological flat surfaces. The work presented in this thesis illustrates the capabilities of the DHPSF for 3D-SMLM and single-particle tracking (SPT) in previously inaccessible areas of biological samples (e.g. in the nucleus and on the apical cell surface). Application of the DHPSF for SPT in eukaryotic cells are presented; tracking the motion of T-cell membrane proteins on the apical surface and components of the chromosome remodelling complex in the nucleus of embryonic stem cells. For these applications, meansquared displacement and jump distance diffusion analysis methodologies were extended into 3D and benchmarked against simulated datasets. A variety imaging applications that are facilitated by the extended depth of focus of the DHPSF are presented, focusing on quantification of T-cell membrane protein reorganisation upon immunological activation. Finally, the clustering distribution of the T-cell receptor is investigated by Ripley’s K analysis enabled by duel labelling of its position and the outer membrane in primary T cells.
The Demand for Meat: Conditional and Unconditional Elasticities
Creators: name: Rickertsen, Kyrre
name: Rickertsen, Kyrre
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Food Security and Poverty

description: The demand for meat and other foodstuffs is estimated as a part of a four-stage demand system. Correction formulae for price and expenditure elasticities are used to calculate unconditional elasticities by the use of the estimated conditional elasticities. A static specification is rejected at a 5 percent level for each sub-system and a dynamic specification is used to take account of habit formation in consumption. The unconditional own-price elasticities for beef, lamb, pork and chicken are calculated as - 0.48, --0.23, --0.66 and-1.14, respectively. The corresponding conditional elasticities are estimated to be - 0.59, --0.25, -0.78 and-1.15. The unconditional expenditure elasticities are calculated to be 0.72 for beef, 0.42 for lamb, 0.81 for pork and 1.00 for chicken. The corresponding conditional elasticities are estimated to be 0.98, 0.57, I.I I and 1.36. These results show the importance of correcting conditional elasticities before elasticities from different studies are compared or before the elasticities are used for policy purposes.
Generating few-cycle pulses with integrated nonlinear photonics
Creators: name: Carlson, David R.
name: Hutchison, Phillips
name: Hickstein, Daniel D.
name: Papp, Scott B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrashort laser pulses that last only a few optical cycles have been transformative tools for studying and manipulating light--matter interactions. Few-cycle pulses are typically produced from high-peak-power lasers, either directly from a laser oscillator, or through nonlinear effects in bulk or fiber materials. Now, an opportunity exists to explore the few-cycle regime with the emergence of fully integrated nonlinear photonics. Here, we experimentally and numerically demonstrate how lithographically patterned waveguides can be used to generate few-cycle laser pulses from an input seed pulse. Moreover, our work explores a design principle in which lithographically varying the group-velocity dispersion in a waveguide enables the creation of highly constant-intensity supercontinuum spectra across an octave of bandwidth. An integrated source of few-cycle pulses could broaden the range of applications for ultrafast light sources, including supporting new lab-on-a-chip systems in a scalable form factor.
Advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) for structure-based drug discovery
Creators: name: Rubach, Pawel
name: Majorek, Karolina A.
name: Gucwa, Michal
name: Murzyn, Krzysztof
name: Wlodawer, Alexander
name: Minor, Wladek
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Macromolecular X-ray crystallography (XRC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) are the primary techniques for determining atomic-level, three-dimensional structures of macromolecules essential for drug discovery. With advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and cryoEM, the Protein Data Bank (PDB) is solidifying its role as a key resource for 3D macromolecular structures. These developments underscore the growing need for enhanced quality metrics and robust validation standards for experimental structures. This review examines recent advancements in cryoEM for drug discovery, analyzing structure quality metrics, resolution improvements, metal-ligand and water molecule identification, and refinement software. It compares cryoEM with other techniques like XRC and NMR, emphasizing the global expansion of cryoEM facilities and its increasing significance in drug discovery. CryoEM is revolutionizing structural biology and drug discovery, particularly for large, complex structures in induced proximity and antibody-antigen interactions. It supports vaccine design, CAR T-cell optimization, gene editing, and gene therapy. Combined with AI, cryoEM enhances particle identification and 3D structure determination. With recent breakthroughs, cryoEM is emerging as a crucial tool in drug discovery, driving the development of new, effective therapies.
Surface-polaritonic phase singularities and multimode polaritonic frequency combs via dark rogue-wave excitation in hybrid plasmonic waveguide
Creators: name: Asgarnezhad-Zorgabad, Saeid
name: Sadighi-Bonabi, Rasoul
name: Kibler, Bertrand
name: Özdemir, Şahin Kaya
name: Sanders, Barry C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Material characteristics and input-field specifics limit the controllability of nonlinear electromagnetic-field interactions. As these nonlinear interactions could be exploited to create strongly localized bright and dark waves, such as nonlinear surface polaritons, ameliorating this limitation is important. We present our approach to amelioration, which is based on a surface-polaritonic waveguide reconfiguration that enables excitation, propagation and coherent control of coupled dark rogue waves having orthogonal polarizations. Our control mechanism is achieved by finely tuning laser-field intensities and their respective detuning at the interface between the atomic medium and the metamaterial layer. In particular, we utilize controllable electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) windows commensurate with surface-polaritonic polarization-modulation instability to create symmetric and asymmetric polaritonic frequency combs associated with dark localized waves. Our method takes advantage of an atomic self-defocusing nonlinearity and dark rogue-wave propagation to obtain a sufficient condition for generating phase singularities. Underpinning this method is our theory which incorporates dissipation and dispersion due to the atomic medium being coupled to nonlinear surface-polaritonic waves~(SPWs). Consequently, our waveguide configuration acts as a bimodal polaritonic frequency-comb generator and a high-speed phase rotator, thereby opening prospects for phase singularities in nanophotonic and quantum communication devices.
A Risk Generated Non-Linear Cobweb
Creators: name: Boussard, Jean-Marc
name: Boussard, Jean-Marc
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: With risk averse producers, the traditional cobweb model becomes non-linear. The currently produced quantity is an homographic function of previous years' quantities. This may result in the market generating chaotic price and quantity series, especially if demand is rigid. Hedging facilities are unable to reduce the magnitude of fluctuations, which are socially detrimental, especially from the consumers' point of view. This justifies public intervention in markets such as those for staple food commodities or health care.
Spectral density calculations in a heavy-light meson-meson system
Creators: name: LHPC
name: Fiebig, H. Rudolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A system of two static quarks, at fixed distances r, and two light quarks is studied on an anisotropic lattice. Excitations by operators emphasizing quark or gluon degrees of freedom are examined. The maximum entropy method is applied in the spectral analysis. These simulations ultimately aim at learning about mechanisms of hadronic interaction.
description: 3 pages, 5 figures, Lattice2001(matrixelement)
J-MoDL: Joint Model-Based Deep Learning for Optimized Sampling and Reconstruction
Creators: name: Aggarwal, Hemant Kumar
name: Jacob, Mathews
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern MRI schemes, which rely on compressed sensing or deep learning algorithms to recover MRI data from undersampled multichannel Fourier measurements, are widely used to reduce scan time. The image quality of these approaches is heavily dependent on the sampling pattern. We introduce a continuous strategy to jointly optimize the sampling pattern and network parameters. We use a multichannel forward model, consisting of a non-uniform Fourier transform with continuously defined sampling locations, to realize the data consistency block within a model-based deep learning image reconstruction scheme. This approach facilitates the joint and continuous optimization of the sampling pattern and the CNN parameters to improve image quality. We observe that the joint optimization of the sampling patterns and the reconstruction module significantly improves the performance of most deep learning reconstruction algorithms. The source code of the proposed joint learning framework is available at https://github.com/hkaggarwal/J-MoDL.
Climate Polarization on Czech Social Media After Trump’s Announcement to Withdraw the US from the Paris Agreement
Creators: name: Svozil, Martin
name: Gronow, Antti
name: Ocelík, Petr
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Donald Trump’s announcement on 1 June 2017 to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement triggered public debate, potentially revealing patterns of climate change polarization. Political polarization refers to differences in opinions and political beliefs and it has been extensively studied on social media, but remains less explored in response to specific events. We study the Czech Twitter debate to demonstrate the event’s impact on the interaction patterns of partisan, elite (policy-shaping actors outside social media), and non-elite (public) users. The event increased opinion divergence between ideological supporters and opponents, thus increasing polarization. Typically, belief homophily, interacting with like-minded users, accompanies polarization; here, it didn’t increase due to expanded debate and resulting heterophilous interactions. Non-elite users drove polarization, likely following elite cues since elite users were extremely polarized already before the event. The event revealed a bipolar interaction pattern emerging afterward, likely indicating a latent coalition structure. Political events can have a polarizing effect on climate debate.Increased user participation can decrease overall belief homophily – engagement with like-minded users – and increase polarization simultaneously.The political polarization of non-elite social media users likely follows elite cues.Political events that favor one side trigger the activity of the “losing” side in the debate on social media. Political events can have a polarizing effect on climate debate. Increased user participation can decrease overall belief homophily – engagement with like-minded users – and increase polarization simultaneously. The political polarization of non-elite social media users likely follows elite cues. Political events that favor one side trigger the activity of the “losing” side in the debate on social media.
The Grover search as a naturally occurring phenomenon
Creators: name: Roget, Mathieu
name: Guillet, Stéphane
name: Arrighi, Pablo
name: Di Molfetta, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We provide first evidence that under certain conditions, 1/2-spin fermions may naturally behave like a Grover search, looking for topological defects in a material. The theoretical framework is that of discrete-time quantum walks (QW), i.e. local unitary matrices that drive the evolution of a single particle on the lattice. Some QW are well-known to recover the $(2+1)$--dimensional Dirac equation in continuum limit, i.e. the free propagation of the 1/2-spin fermion. We study two such Dirac QW, one on the square grid and the other on a triangular grid reminiscent of graphene-like materials. The numerical simulations show that the walker localises around the defects in $O(\sqrt{N})$ steps with probability $O(1/\log{N})$, in line with previous QW search on the grid. The main advantage brought by those of this paper is that they could be implemented as `naturally occurring' freely propagating particles over a surface featuring topological---without the need for a specific oracle step. From a quantum computing perspective, however, this hints at novel applications of QW search : instead of using them to look for `good' solutions within the configuration space of a problem, we could use them to look for topological properties of the entire configuration space.
Efficient Hopfield pattern recognition on a scale-free neural network
Creators: name: Stauffer, Dietrich
name: Aharony, Amnon
name: Costa, Luciano da Fontoura
name: Adler, Joan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Neural networks are supposed to recognise blurred images (or patterns) of $N$ pixels (bits) each. Application of the network to an initial blurred version of one of $P$ pre-assigned patterns should converge to the correct pattern. In the "standard" Hopfield model, the $N$ "neurons'' are connected to each other via $N^2$ bonds which contain the information on the stored patterns. Thus computer time and memory in general grow with $N^2$. The Hebb rule assigns synaptic coupling strengths proportional to the overlap of the stored patterns at the two coupled neurons. Here we simulate the Hopfield model on the Barabasi-Albert scale-free network, in which each newly added neuron is connected to only $m$ other neurons, and at the end the number of neurons with $q$ neighbours decays as $1/q^3$. Although the quality of retrieval decreases for small $m$, we find good associative memory for $1 \ll m \ll N$. Hence, these networks gain a factor $N/m \gg 1$ in the computer memory and time.
description: 8 pages including 4 figures