Sinella hunanica Zhao & Zhang, 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Zhao, Lina
name: Zhang, Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Entognatha
Collembola
Entomobryidae
Sinella
Sinella hunanica

description: Sinella hunanica sp. nov.
Figs 2, 24‒37, Table 1
Types. Holotype: female on slide, China: Hunan Province: Bingzhou: Wanhua cave, 112.595°E, 25.698°N, altitude 340 m, 23.viii.2015, Sunbin HUANG, Xinhui WANG, Minruo TANG and Pinjing YANG leg. (collection # 15cave4). Paratypes: female on slide, same data as holotype. All material deposited in NJAU.
Description. Body length up to 1.8 mm. Body pale in alcohol (Fig. 2).
Ant. II‒IV lost in all specimens. Smooth spiny mic at base of antennae 3 dorsal and 3 ventral on Ant. I. Long smooth straight chaetae 7 ventral on Ant. I.
Eyes absent. Labral papillae absent. Prelabral and labral chaetae 4/ 5, 5, 4, all smooth; median three chaetae of the first row longer than lateral ones. Clypeal chaetae unclear. Dorsal cephalic chaetotaxy with 4 antennal (An), 4 median (M) and 8 sutural (S) mac; Gr. II with 4 mac. Mandibles with 4+5 teeth. Subapical chaeta of maxillary outer lobe slightly thicker than apical one; 3 smooth sublobal hairs on maxillary outer lobe (Fig. 24). Lateral process of labial palp as thick as normal chaetae, with tip beyond apex of labial papilla (Fig. 25). Labial chaetae as mrel1l2, all smooth, ratio of r to m 0.8; chaetae X and X2‒4 ciliate. Chaetae along cephalic groove 9‒10, 4‒5 of them ciliate (Fig. 26).
Trochanteral organ with 11–12 smooth spiny chaetae; 7–8 in arms and 4 between them (Fig. 27). Partial inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae “smooth” with ciliations closely appressed to axis. Tibiotarsi distally with 10 chaetae in a whorl. Unguis with 3 inner teeth; 2 paired teeth unequal, outer one large. Unguiculus truncate with a large outer tooth. Tenent hairs smooth and pointed (Figs. 28–29). Abd. IV 3.6 times as long as Abd. III along dorsal midline. Ventral tube anteriorly with at least 2+2 large ciliate chaetae; posteriorly with 4 apical smooth and about 12 proximal ciliate chaetae (Fig. 30); each lateral flap with 6‒7 smooth and 1‒2 ciliate chaetae (Fig. 30). Manubrial smooth chaetae absent. Distal part of manubrium ventrally with 6+6 ciliate chaetae (Fig. 31). Manubrial plaque with 2 pseudopores and 3 or 4 ciliate chaetae (Fig. 32). Distal smooth part of dens 0.6‒0.7 times as long as mucro. Mucro bidentate with two teeth subequal; basal spine short with tip reaching subapical tooth (Fig. 33).
Th. II with 5(4, 6) (m1, m 1i, m2, m 2i, m 2i 2) medio-medial, 3 (m4, m 4i, m4p) medio-lateral, 19‒24 posterior mac, 1 ms and 2 sens; ms inner to sens; m 1i rarely absent; m2e and m 2i 3 only present on one side in one specimen. Th. III with 31‒40 mac and 2 lateral sens; a7, m7, m 5i and a 6i as mac (Fig. 34). Abd. I with 7 (a2, a3, m2–4, m 2i, m4p) mac, 1 ms and 1 sens; sens inner to ms. Abd. II with 3 (m3, m3e, m3ep) central, 1 (m5) lateral mac and 2 sens. Abd. III with 1 (m3) central, 3 (am6, pm6, p6) lateral mac and 2 sens; ms absent (Fig. 35). Abd. IV with 7 central (I, M, A5, A6, B4‒6) and 6 lateral mac (D3, E2–4, E2p, F1) (Fig. 36); two sens (as, ps) of normal length and others elongate (not represented). Abd. V with 3 sens (Fig. 37).
Ecology. In cave.
Etymology. Named after its type locality.
Remarks. Sinella hunanica sp. nov. is most similar to S. sineocula in 8 cephalic sutural chaetae, labial chaetae, ciliate post-labial chaetae X and X2‒4, claw structure, “smooth” inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae, and chaetotaxy of Th. III‒Abd. IV, but differs from the latter in 4 mac in Gr. II on dorsal head, presence of mac m 1i and m 2i 2 on Th. II, pointed tenent hairs, and short mucronal spine.
Types. Holotype: female on slide, China: Guangxi: Baise: Longlin Xian: Longhuo: Lao Hu Dong, 105.587˚E, 24.497˚N, altitude 1080 m, 20. iv.2010, L. Deharveng and A. Bedos leg. (collection # CHIgx10-38). Paratypes: female and male on slides and 10 in alcohol, same data as holotype. Holotype and one male paratype deposited in NJAU and others in MNHN.
Description. Body length up to 4.5 mm. Body white or weakly scattered with reddish pigment.
Antennae 2.5–2.9 times as long as cephalic diagonal. Antennal segments ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.8–2.1: 1.5–2.0: 2.5–3.1. Smooth spiny mic at base of antennae 3 dorsal, 3 ventral on Ant. I, 1 internal, 1 external and 1 ventral on Ant. II. Long smooth straight chaetae absent on antennae. Distal Ant. II with 3 dorsal rod-like S-chaetae. Two internal S-chaetae of Ant. III organ slightly expanded. No apical bulb.
Eyes absent. Labral papillae absent. Prelabral and labral chaetae 4/ 5, 5, 4, all smooth; median three chaetae of the first row longer than others. Clypeal chaetae smooth except the middle one of the first row (Fig. 38). Dorsal cephalic chaetotaxy with 8 sutural (S) and 4 mac in Gr. II (Fig. 39). Subapical chaeta of maxillary outer lobe subequal to apical one; 3 smooth sublobal hairs on maxillary outer lobe. Lateral process of labial palp thicker than normal chaetae, with tip reaching beyond apex of labial papilla (Fig. 40). Labial chaetae as mrel1l2, all smooth; ratio of r to m = 0.3; chaetae X, X2 and X4 as smooth mic; chaeta X3 absent (Fig. 41).
Trochanteral organ with 32 smooth spiny chaetae; 12 in arms and 21 between them (Fig. 42). Partial inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae “smooth” with ciliations closely or moderately appressed to axis. Unguis with 2 inner paired teeth, outer one large. Unguiculus truncate with a tiny tooth on outer edge. All tenent hairs smooth and pointed (Figs. 43–45), subequal to unguiculus in length. Abd. IV 4.7–6.5 times as long as Abd. III along dorsal midline. Ventral tube anteriorly with 12–16 ciliate chaetae on each side (Fig. 46); posteriorly with 17–22 chaetae, about 7 of them ciliate (Fig. 47); each lateral flap with 7 smooth and 2 ciliate chaetae (Fig. 48). Manubrium with a row of thick, finely ciliate chaetae near lateral margin. Manubrial plaque with 2 pseudopores and 3 (rarely 4) ciliate chaetae (Fig. 49). Distal smooth part of dens 0.9 times as long as mucro. Mucro bidentate with basal spine long with tip nearly reaching apex of apical tooth (Fig. 50).
Th. II with 4 (m1, m2, m 2i, m 2i 2) medio-medial, 3 medio-lateral (m4, m 4i, m4p), 22–23 posterior mac, 1 ms and 2 sens; p4 and p 4i as mac (Fig. 51). Th. III with 31–36 mac and 2 lateral sens (Fig. 52). Abd. I with 8 (a1–3, m2–4, m 2i, m4p) mac, 1 ms and 1 sens. Abd. II with 3 (m3, m3e, m3ep) central, 1 (m5) lateral mac and 2 sens. Abd. III with 1 (m3) central, 3 (am6, pm6, p6) lateral mac, 1 ms and 2 sens (Fig. 53). Abd. IV with 6 central (I, M, B4–5, A5–6), 6 lateral mac (F1, E2–4, E2p, D3), and at least 17 sens (Fig. 54). Abd. V with 3 sens (Fig. 55).
Ecology. In aphotic zone of cave.
Etymology. Named after the name “tiger” (Lao Hu in Chinese) of the cave.
Remarks. This new species is closest to two cave species S. trogla and S. lipsae in long mucronal spine, modified chaetae on lateral manubrium, dorsal cephalic chaetotaxy, pointed tenent hairs, mac of Th. III and Abd. III. It differs from them in mic r, X, X2 and X4 on ventral side of the head, claw structure, presence of mac m 2i 2 on Th. III, 8+8 mac on Abd. I, and 6+6 central mac on Abd. IV.
Types. Holotype: female on slide, China: Sichuan: Beichuan: Lin Fong village: Hua Jiao Ling: Zhang Jia Yan Kou Keng cave, 30.vii.2009, Josiane Lips leg. (collection # CHI-Lips4103). Paratypes: 2 female on slides and 18 in alcohol, same data as holotype. Holotype and one paratype deposited in NJAU and others in MNHN.
Description. Body length up to 3.9 mm. Body whitish in alcohol.
Antennae 1.7–2.4 times as long as cephalic diagonal. Antennal segments ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.8–2.1: 1.5–1.6: 1.9–3.0. Smooth spiny mic at base of antennae 3 dorsal, 3 ventral on Ant. I, 1 internal, 1 external and 1 ventral on Ant. II. Long smooth straight chaetae absent on antennae. Distal Ant. II with 2 dorsal rod-like S-chaetae. Two internal S-chaetae of Ant. III organ slightly expanded. No apical bulb (Fig. 56).
Eyes absent. Labral papillae absent. Prelabral and labral chaetae 4/ 5, 5, 4, all smooth; median three chaetae of the first row longer than others. Clypeal chaetae smooth except middle one of the first row (Fig. 57). Dorsal cephalic chaetotaxy with 8 sutural (S) and 4 mac in Gr. II (Fig. 58). Papilla E with 4 guard chaetae; lateral process of labial palp as thick as normal chaetae, with tip reaching beyond apex of labial papilla. Subapical chaetae of maxillary outer lobe slightly larger than apical one; 3 smooth sublobal hairs on maxillary outer lobe. Labial chaetae as mrel1l2, all smooth; chaetae r, X, X2 and X4 as smooth tiny mic; chaeta X3 absent (Fig. 59).
Trochanteral organ with 18–22 smooth spiny chaetae; 11 in arms and 8–11 between them (Fig. 60). Partial inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae “smooth” with ciliations closely appressed to axis. Unguis with 2 inner paired teeth, outer one large. Unguiculus truncate with a small outer tooth. All tenent hairs smooth and pointed (Figs 61–62), subequal to unguiculus in length. Abd. IV 3.6–5.1 times as long as Abd. III along dorsal midline.
Ventral tube anteriorly with 14 ciliate chaetae on each side (Fig. 63); posteriorly with about 21 chaetae, apical four smooth; each lateral flap with 6–7 smooth chaetae (Fig. 64). Manubrium without smooth or modified chaetae. Manubrial plaque with 2 pseudopores and 5–8 ciliate chaetae (Fig. 65). Distal smooth part of dens 0.8 times as long as mucro. Mucro bidentate with basal spine long with tip nearly reaching apex of apical tooth.
Th. II with 4 (5) (m1, m 1i, m 2m, m 2i, m 2i 2) medio-medial, 3 medio-lateral (m4, m 4i, m4p), 24–26 posterior mac, 1 ms and 2 sens (Fig. 66). Th. III with at least 35 mac and 2 lateral sens; a set of chaetae between p2+ and p2e+ sometimes present (Fig. 67). Abd. I with 9–11 mac, 1 ms and 1 sens; m 4i, m4ip and m 2i 2 sometimes absent. Abd. II with 3 (m3, m3e, m3ep) central, 1 (m5) lateral mac and 2 sens. Abd. III with 1 (m3) central, 3 (am6, pm6, p6) lateral mac, 1 ms and 2 sens (Fig. 68). Abd. IV with 6 (I, M, B4–5, A5–6) central and 6 (F1, E2–4, E2p, D3) lateral mac; number of sens unclear (Fig. 69). Abd. V with 3 sens (Fig. 70).
Ecology. In aphotic zone of cave.
Etymology. Name after the minor chaetae on the ventral side of head.
Remarks. This new species is characterized by tiny mic r, X, X2 and X4 on ventral side of head, absence of unpaired ungual tooth, truncate unguiculus with a small outer tooth, presence of mac m3p and m 2i 2 on Abd. I, and 6+6 central mac on Abd. IV. It is closest to S. tigris sp. nov. in long mucronal spine, “smooth” inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae, pointed tenent hairs, and chaetotaxy of Abd. II‒Abd. IV, but differs from the latter in 9–11 mac on Abd. I and smooth tiny mic X, X2 and X4 (Table 2).
description: Published as part of Zhao, Lina & Zhang, Feng, 2016, New cave species of Sinella Brook, 1882 from China (Collembola: Entomobryidae), pp. 523-541 in Zootaxa 4161 (4) on pages 528-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4161.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/262098