cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Multivariable models for advanced colorectal neoplasms in screen-eligible individuals at low-to-moderate risk of colorectal cancer: towards improving colonoscopy prioritization
Creators: name: Murthy, Sanjay K.
name: Antonova, Lilia
name: Dube, Catherine
name: Benchimol, Eric I.
name: Le Gal, Gregoire
name: Hae, Richard
name: Burke, Stephen
name: Ramsay, Tim
name: Rostom, Alaa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Table S1. Ontario Health Administrative Databases and variable ascertainment codes for candidate predictors ascertained through administrative data.
Constraint structure of the three dimensional massive gravity
Creators: name: Sadegh, M.
name: Shirzad, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Constraint analysis of the three-dimensional massive gravity, the so- called new massive gravity, is studied in the Palatini formalism. We show that amongst 6 components of the metric, 2 are dynamical, which is compatible with the existence of one vector massive graviton in the linearized theory (Fierz-Pauli theory).
description: 15 pages, with some modification
MPEC 2023-X194 : 2022 RV89
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2022 RV89

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
A Simple Bias Reduction for Chatterjee's Correlation
Creators: name: Dalitz, Christoph
name: Arning, Juliane
name: Goebbels, Steffen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Chatterjee's rank correlation coefficient $ξ_n$ is an empirical index for detecting functional dependencies between two variables $X$ and $Y$. It is an estimator for a theoretical quantity $ξ$ that is zero for independence and one if $Y$ is a measurable function of $X$. Based on an equivalent characterization of sorted numbers, we derive an upper bound for $ξ_n$ and suggest a simple normalization aimed at reducing its bias for small sample size $n$. In Monte Carlo simulations of various models, the normalization reduced the bias in all cases. The mean squared error was reduced, too, for values of $ξ$ greater than about 0.4. Moreover, we observed that non-parametric confidence intervals for $ξ$ based on bootstrapping $ξ_n$ in the usual n-out-of-n way have a coverage probability close to zero. This is remedied by an m-out-of-n bootstrap without replacement in combination with our normalization method.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, 2 R code listings
Electrostatic self-energy of a partially formed spherical shell in salt solution: application to stability of tethered and fluid shells -- viruses and vesicles
Creators: name: Bozic, Anze Losdorfer
name: Siber, Antonio
name: Podgornik, Rudolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the electrostatics of a partially formed, charged spherical shell in a salt solution. We solve the problem numerically at the Poisson-Boltzmann level and analytically in the Debye-Huckel regime. From the results on energetics of partially formed shells we examine the stability of tethered (crystalline) and fluid shells towards rupture. We clearly delineate different regimes of stability towards rupture, where, for fluid shells, we also include the effects of bending elasticity of the shells. Our analysis shows how charging of the shell induces its instability towards rupture but also provides insight regarding growth of charged shells.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures; submitted
Artificial intelligence approaches for materials-by-design of energetic materials: state-of-the-art, challenges, and future directions
Creators: name: Choi, Joseph B.
name: Nguyen, Phong C. H.
name: Sen, Oishik
name: Udaykumar, H. S.
name: Baek, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly emerging as an enabling tool for solving various complex materials design problems. This paper aims to review recent advances in AI-driven materials-by-design and their applications to energetic materials (EM). Trained with data from numerical simulations and/or physical experiments, AI models can assimilate trends and patterns within the design parameter space, identify optimal material designs (micro-morphologies, combinations of materials in composites, etc.), and point to designs with superior/targeted property and performance metrics. We review approaches focusing on such capabilities with respect to the three main stages of materials-by-design, namely representation learning of microstructure morphology (i.e., shape descriptors), structure-property-performance (S-P-P) linkage estimation, and optimization/design exploration. We provide a perspective view of these methods in terms of their potential, practicality, and efficacy towards the realization of materials-by-design. Specifically, methods in the literature are evaluated in terms of their capacity to learn from a small/limited number of data, computational complexity, generalizability/scalability to other material species and operating conditions, interpretability of the model predictions, and the burden of supervision/data annotation. Finally, we suggest a few promising future research directions for EM materials-by-design, such as meta-learning, active learning, Bayesian learning, and semi-/weakly-supervised learning, to bridge the gap between machine learning research and EM research.
Hydrocotyle umbellata L.; a natural source of bioactives to mitigate diabetes mellitus and its complications
Creators: name: Hamdy, Sherif A.
name: Hashem, Mona M.
name: Hefnawy, Hala M. El
name: Azzam, Shadia M.
name: Aboutabl, El-Sayed A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Metabolomics study of Hydrocotyle umbellata L. revealed the richness of its aerial parts in phenolics primarily; quercetin and its glycoside derivatives, which are well-reported to exert antidiabetic activity owing to their powerful antioxidant capacity. Hence, the antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials of the quercetin standardized ethanolic extract of H. umbellata aerial parts were investigated. The antioxidant activity was examined by using in-vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay, while the antidiabetic activity was examined by using in-vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory assay and further confirmed by in-vivo experiments using streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rat model. Interestingly, the standardized ethanolic extract showed significant in-vitro antioxidant activity, and effectively inhibited Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase enzyme activity. Moreover, it significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels. Thus, H. umbellata is a potential natural candidate to attenuate diabetes mellitus and its altered lipid profile complications, which could be attributed to its quercetin and quercetin glycosides content.
Hyaluronan-mediated modulation of human neutrophil function
Creators: name: Niemietz, Iwona Malgorzata
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Hyaluronan (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan that in its natural, high molecular mass (HMM) form, promotes tissue repair and homeostasis. With inflammation, enhanced HA metabolism results in HMM HA fragmentation to low molecular mass (LMM) fragments that may act as a damage-associated molecular pattern to initiate innate immune responses. However, the responsiveness of myeloid cells to HA is controversial and largely unknown for neutrophils. Here, I investigated if and how HA can directly affect key immune functions of neutrophils and potentially contribute to the dysregulated neutrophil activation observed in childhood-onset rheumatic diseases. For this investigation, peripheral blood cells from healthy donors were incubated ex vivo with pharmaceutical grade HA of different molecular mass (HMM, LMM and HA fragments < 10 kDa) alone and in the presence of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF𝛼. Key neutrophil functions, namely cytokine production, reactive oxygen species release (ROS), granule mobilization and apoptosis were assessed. HA alone had no effect on neutrophil cytokine production, granule mobilization and apoptosis. However, HA primed neutrophils for a robust release of extracellular ROS in response to secondary stimuli. An effect that was further enhanced when HA and TNF𝛼 were added together. Unlike described mechanisms of priming by classical stimuli such as TNF𝛼, HA-mediated priming and co-priming (with TNF𝛼) were independent of granule mobilization yet, correlated with the activation (phosphorylation) of p38 MAPK. Additionally, HA enhanced TNF𝛼-induced baseline production of intracellular ROS. This coincided with an increased rate of apoptosis in HA/TNF𝛼 stimulated cells compared to TNF𝛼 alone. Concomitantly, I have demonstrated that circulating concentrations of HA were elevated in children with systemic lupus erythematosus and tracked with disease activity. Thus, I designed an experimental panel to detect primed neutrophils in a small quantity of whole blood, suitable for clinical samples. Together, this study provides new evidence that hyaluronan is a novel neutrophil priming agent, which enhances ROS production to secondary stimuli. Moreover, it describes the function of HA as a modulator of TNF𝛼-induced neutrophil function. My study suggests a previously unrecognized contribution of HA to neutrophil functionality and potentially the inflammatory response that involves extensive neutrophil infiltration and turnover of ECM components.
Semi-Static Hedging Based on a Generalized Reflection Principle on a Multi Dimensional Brownian Motion
Creators: name: Imamura, Yuri
name: Takagi, Katsuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 91G20, 91G80

description: On a multi-assets Black-Scholes economy, we introduce a class of barrier options. In this model we apply a generalized reflection principle in a context of the finite reflection group acting on a Euclidean space to give a valuation formula and the semi-static hedge.
description: Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, online first
CFD analysis of electroviscous effects in electrolyte liquid flow through heterogeneously charged uniform microfluidic device
Creators: name: Dhakar, Jitendra
name: Bharti, Ram Prakash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study has numerically investigated the charge-heterogeneity effects in the electroviscous flow of symmetric ($1$:$1$) electrolyte liquid through a uniform slit microfluidic device. The Poisson's, Nernst-Planck (N-P), Navier-Stokes (N-S), and continuity equations are solved using the finite element method (FEM) to obtain the flow fields, such as total electrical potential ($U$), excess charge ($n^\ast$), induced electric field strength ($E_\text{x}$), and pressure ($P$) fields for following conditions: inverse Debye length ($2\le K\le 20$), surface charge density ($4\le \mathit{S_\text{1}}\le 16$), and surface charge-heterogeneity ratio ($0\le \mathit{S_\text{rh}}\le 2$). Results have shown that the total potential ($|ΔU|$) and pressure ($|ΔP|$) drop maximally increase by 99.09% (at $K=20$, $\mathit{S_\text{1}}=4$) and 12.77% (at $K=2$, $\mathit{S_\text{1}}=8$), respectively with overall charge-heterogeneity ($0\le \mathit{S_\text{rh}}\le 2$). Electroviscous correction factor (i.e., the ratio of effective to physical viscosity) maximally enhances by 12.77% (at $K=2$, $\mathit{S_\text{1}}=8$), 40.98% (at $\mathit{S_\text{1}}=16$, $\mathit{S_\text{rh}}=1.50$), and 41.35% (at $K=2$, $\mathit{S_\text{rh}}=1.50$), with the variation of $\mathit{S_\text{rh}}$ (from 0 to 2), $K$ (from 20 to 2), and $\mathit{S_\text{1}}$ (from 0 to 16), respectively. Further, a simple pseudo-analytical model is developed to estimate the pressure drop in the electroviscous (EV) flow, accounting for the influence of charge-heterogeneity based on the Poiseuille flow in the uniform channel. This model predicts the pressure drop $\pm$2-4% within the numerical results. The robustness and simplicity of this model enable the present numerical results for engineering and design aspects of microfluidic applications.
description: 46 pages, 17 figures
Synthesizing Quantum-Circuit Optimizers
Creators: name: Xu, Amanda
name: Molavi, Abtin
name: Pick, Lauren
name: Tannu, Swamit
name: Albarghouthi, Aws
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near-term quantum computers are expected to work in an environment where each operation is noisy, with no error correction. Therefore, quantum-circuit optimizers are applied to minimize the number of noisy operations. Today, physicists are constantly experimenting with novel devices and architectures. For every new physical substrate and for every modification of a quantum computer, we need to modify or rewrite major pieces of the optimizer to run successful experiments. In this paper, we present QUESO, an efficient approach for automatically synthesizing a quantum-circuit optimizer for a given quantum device. For instance, in 1.2 minutes, QUESO can synthesize an optimizer with high-probability correctness guarantees for IBM computers that significantly outperforms leading compilers, such as IBM's Qiskit and TKET, on the majority (85%) of the circuits in a diverse benchmark suite. A number of theoretical and algorithmic insights underlie QUESO: (1) An algebraic approach for representing rewrite rules and their semantics. This facilitates reasoning about complex symbolic rewrite rules that are beyond the scope of existing techniques. (2) A fast approach for probabilistically verifying equivalence of quantum circuits by reducing the problem to a special form of polynomial identity testing. (3) A novel probabilistic data structure, called a polynomial identity filter (PIF), for efficiently synthesizing rewrite rules. (4) A beam-search-based algorithm that efficiently applies the synthesized symbolic rewrite rules to optimize quantum circuits.
description: Full version of PLDI 2023 paper
Australian Public Opinion Poll # 123
Creators: name: Australian Public Opinion Polls
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: National anthem (2); night shopping (3); taxes (2); driving signals (3); living costs (4); child endowment (4); hospital finance (2); government-owned freighters (2); Indigenous Australians (1); Australian weather stations (4); foreign affairs (1).
Additional file 3 of Multivariable models for advanced colorectal neoplasms in screen-eligible individuals at low-to-moderate risk of colorectal cancer: towards improving colonoscopy prioritization
Creators: name: Murthy, Sanjay K.
name: Antonova, Lilia
name: Dube, Catherine
name: Benchimol, Eric I.
name: Le Gal, Gregoire
name: Hae, Richard
name: Burke, Stephen
name: Ramsay, Tim
name: Rostom, Alaa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3. Table S3. Model performance at different sensitivity thresholds for CRC and HRA detection among patients with major CRC risk factors (sequential models for CRC and residual ACNs).
Higgs-Confinement Transitions in QCD from Symmetry Protected Topological Phases
Creators: name: Dumitrescu, Thomas T.
name: Hsin, Po-Shen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In gauge theories with fundamental matter there is typically no sharp way to distinguish confining and Higgs regimes, e.g. using generalized global symmetries acting on loop order parameters. It is standard lore that these two regimes are continuously connected, as has been explicitly demonstrated in certain lattice and continuum models. We point out that Higgsing and confinement sometimes lead to distinct symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases -- necessarily separated by a phase transition -- for ordinary global symmetries. We present explicit examples in 3+1 dimensions, obtained by adding elementary Higgs fields and Yukawa couplings to QCD while preserving parity P and time reversal T. In a suitable scheme, the confining phases of these theories are trivial SPTs, while their Higgs phases are characterized by non-trivial P- and T-invariant theta-angles $θ_f, θ_g = π$ for flavor or gravity background gauge fields, i.e. they are topological insulators or superconductors. Finally, we consider conventional three-flavor QCD (without elementary Higgs fields) at finite $U(1)_B$ baryon-number chemical potential $μ_B$, which preserves P and T. At very large $μ_B$, three-flavor QCD is known to be a completely Higgsed color superconductor that also spontaneously breaks $U(1)_B$. We argue that this high-density phase is in fact a gapless SPT, with a gravitational theta-angle $θ_g = π$ that safely co-exists with the $U(1)_B$ Nambu-Goldstone boson. We explain why this SPT motivates unexpected transitions in the QCD phase diagram, as well as anomalous surface modes at the boundary of quark-matter cores inside neutron stars.
description: 79 pages, 9 figures
Probing the geometry of correlation matrices with randomized measurements
Creators: name: Wyderka, Nikolai
name: Ketterer, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generalized Bloch decomposition of a bipartite quantum state gives rise to a correlation matrix whose singular values provide rich information about non-local properties of the state, such as the dimensionality of entanglement. While some entanglement criteria based on the singular values exist, a complete understanding of the geometry of admissible correlation matrices is lacking. We provide a deeper insight into the geometry of the singular values of the correlation matrices of limited Schmidt number. First, we provide a link to the framework of randomized measurements and show how to obtain knowledge about the singular values in this framework by constructing observables that yield the same moments as one obtains from orthogonal averages over the Bloch sphere. We then focus on the case of separable states and characterize the boundary of the set of the first two non-vanishing moments by giving explicit constructions for some of the faces and extremal points. These constructions yield a connection between the geometry of the correlation matrices and the existence problems of maximal sets of mutually unbiased bases, as well as SIC-POVMs.
description: 9 pages (+8 pages of Appendix), 5 figures
Magnetars as Highly Magnetized Quark Stars: an analytical treatment
Creators: name: Orsaria, M.
name: Ranea-Sandoval, Ignacio F.
name: Vucetich, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analytical model of a magnetar as a high density magnetized quark bag. The effect of strong magnetic fields (B > 5 x 10^{16} G) in the equation of state is considered. An analytic expression for the Mass-Radius relationship is found from the energy variational principle in general relativity. Our results are compared with observational evidences of possible quark and/or hybrid stars.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure/Comments added and two references removed. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal
Digital simulation of non-Abelian anyons with 68 programmable superconducting qubits
Creators: name: Xu, Shibo
name: Sun, Zheng-Zhi
name: Wang, Ke
name: Xiang, Liang
name: Bao, Zehang
name: Zhu, Zitian
name: Shen, Fanhao
name: Song, Zixuan
name: Zhang, Pengfei
name: Ren, Wenhui
name: Zhang, Xu
name: Dong, Hang
name: Deng, Jinfeng
name: Chen, Jiachen
name: Wu, Yaozu
name: Tan, Ziqi
name: Gao, Yu
name: Jin, Feitong
name: Zhu, Xuhao
name: Zhang, Chuanyu
name: Wang, Ning
name: Zou, Yiren
name: Zhong, Jiarun
name: Zhang, Aosai
name: Li, Weikang
name: Jiang, Wenjie
name: Yu, Li-Wei
name: Yao, Yunyan
name: Wang, Zhen
name: Li, Hekang
name: Guo, Qiujiang
name: Song, Chao
name: Wang, H.
name: Deng, Dong-Ling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Abelian anyons are exotic quasiparticle excitations hosted by certain topological phases of matter. They break the fermion-boson dichotomy and obey non-Abelian braiding statistics: their interchanges yield unitary operations, rather than merely a phase factor, in a space spanned by topologically degenerate wavefunctions. They are the building blocks of topological quantum computing. However, experimental observation of non-Abelian anyons and their characterizing braiding statistics is notoriously challenging and has remained elusive hitherto, in spite of various theoretical proposals. Here, we report an experimental quantum digital simulation of projective non-Abelian anyons and their braiding statistics with up to 68 programmable superconducting qubits arranged on a two-dimensional lattice. By implementing the ground states of the toric-code model with twists through quantum circuits, we demonstrate that twists exchange electric and magnetic charges and behave as a particular type of non-Abelian anyons, i.e., the Ising anyons. In particular, we show experimentally that these twists follow the fusion rules and non-Abelian braiding statistics of the Ising type, and can be explored to encode topological logical qubits. Furthermore, we demonstrate how to implement both single- and two-qubit logic gates through applying a sequence of elementary Pauli gates on the underlying physical qubits. Our results demonstrate a versatile quantum digital approach for simulating non-Abelian anyons, offering a new lens into the study of such peculiar quasiparticles.
Current-phase relation of a WTe2 Josephson junction
Creators: name: Endres, Martin
name: Kononov, Artem
name: Arachchige, Hasitha Suriya
name: Yan, Jiaqiang
name: Mandrus, David
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Schönenberger, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a topological insulator is incorporated into a Josephson junction, the system is predicted to reveal the fractional Josephson effect with a 4$π$-periodic current-phase relation. Here, we report the measurement of a $4π$-periodic switching current through an asymmetric SQUID, formed by the higher-order topological insulator WTe$_2$. Contrary to the established opinion, we show that a high asymmetry in critical current and negligible loop inductance are not sufficient by themselves to reliably measure the current-phase relation. Instead, we find that our measurement is heavily influenced by additional inductances originating from the self-formed PdTe$_{\text{x}}$ inside the junction. We therefore develop a method to numerically recover the current-phase relation of the system and find the $1.5\,μ\text{m}$ long junction to be best described in the short ballistic limit. Our results highlight the complexity of subtle inductance effects that can give rise to misleading topological signatures in transport measurements.
description: As accepted by Nano Letters, includes main text (7 pages, 3 figures) and supplementary information (16 pages, 7 figures)
Radiation from the LTB black hole
Creators: name: Firouzjaee, J. T.
name: Mansouri, Reza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Does a dynamical black hole embedded in a cosmological FRW background emit Hawking radiation where a globally defined event horizon does not exist? What are the differences to the Schwarzschild black hole? What about the first law of black hole mechanics? We face these questions using the LTB cosmological black hole model recently published. Using the Hamilton-Jacobi and radial null geodesic-methods suitable for dynamical cases, we show that it is the apparent horizon which contributes to the Hawking radiation and not the event horizon. The Hawking temperature is calculated using the two different methods giving the same result. The first law of LTB black hole dynamics and the thermal character of the radiation is also dealt with.
description: 9 pages, revised version, Europhysics Letter 2012 97 29002
Black hole entropy divergence and the uncertainty principle
Creators: name: Brustein, Ram
name: Kupferman, Judy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black hole entropy has been shown by 't Hooft to diverge at the horizon. The region near the horizon is in a thermal state, so entropy is linear to energy which consequently also diverges. We find a similar divergence for the energy of the reduced density matrix of relativistic and non-relativistic field theories, extending previous results in quantum mechanics. This divergence is due to an infinitely sharp division between the observable and unobservable regions of space, and it stems from the position/momentum uncertainty relation in the same way that the momentum fluctuations of a precisely localized quantum particle diverge. We show that when the boundary between the observable and unobservable regions is smoothed the divergence is tamed. We argue that the divergence of black hole entropy can also be interpreted as a consequence of position/momentum uncertainty, and that 't Hooft's brick wall tames the divergence in the same way, by smoothing the boundary.
description: Added clarifications and explanations
General Effective Field Theory of Teleparallel Gravity
Creators: name: Mylova, Maria
name: Said, Jackson Levi
name: Saridakis, Emmanuel N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the Effective Field Theory (EFT) of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity (TEGR). Firstly, we present the necessary field redefinitions of the scalar field and the tetrads. Then we provide all the terms at next-to-leading-order, containing the torsion tensor and its derivatives, and derivatives of the scalar field, accompanied by generic scalar-field-dependent couplings, where all operators are suppressed by a scale $Λ$. Removing all redundant terms using the field redefinitions we result to the EFT of TEGR, which includes significantly more terms comparing to the EFT of General Relativity. Finally, we present an application in a cosmological framework. Interestingly enough, although GR and TEGR are completely equivalent at the level of classical equations, we find that their corresponding EFTs possess minor but non-zero differences. Hence, we do verify that at higher energies the excitation and the features of the extra degrees of freedom are slightly different in the two theories, thus making them theoretically distinguishable. Nevertheless, we mention that these differences are suppressed by the heavy mass scale $Λ$ and thus it is not guaranteed that they could be measured in future experiments and observations.
description: 17 pages, comments are welcome
Glücksforschung: Die Verwissenschaftlichung und Molekularisierung des Wohlbefindens
Creators: name: Sommer, Marianne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: + ID der Publikation: unilu_71281 + Sprache: Englisch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2023-12-11 13:51:46
Influence of positional correlations on the propagation of waves in a complex medium with polydisperse resonant scatterers
Creators: name: Leroy, V.
name: Strybulevych, A. L.
name: Page, J. H.
name: Scanlon, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present experimental results on a model system for studying wave propagation in a complex medium exhibiting low frequency resonances. These experiments enable us to investigate a fundamental question that is relevant for many materials, such as metamaterials, where low-frequency scattering resonances strongly influence the effective medium properties. This question concerns the effect of correlations in the positions of the scatterers on the coupling between their resonances, and hence on wave transport through the medium. To examine this question experimentally, we measure the effective medium wave number of acoustic waves in a sample made of bubbles embedded in an elastic matrix over a frequency range that includes the resonance frequency of the bubbles. The effective medium is highly dispersive, showing peaks in the attenuation and the phase velocity as functions of the frequency, which cannot be accurately described using the Independent Scattering Approximation (ISA). This discrepancy may be explained by the effects of the positional correlations of the scatterers, which we show to be dependent on the size of the scatterers. We propose a self-consistent approach for taking this "polydisperse correlation" into account and show that our model better describes the experimental results than the ISA.
Additional file 4 of Multivariable models for advanced colorectal neoplasms in screen-eligible individuals at low-to-moderate risk of colorectal cancer: towards improving colonoscopy prioritization
Creators: name: Murthy, Sanjay K.
name: Antonova, Lilia
name: Dube, Catherine
name: Benchimol, Eric I.
name: Le Gal, Gregoire
name: Hae, Richard
name: Burke, Stephen
name: Ramsay, Tim
name: Rostom, Alaa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 4. Table S4. Model performance at different sensitivity thresholds for CRC detection among patients with signs or symptoms (CRC model only).
Steplike electric conduction in a classical two-dimensional electron system through a narrow constriction in a microchannel
Creators: name: Araki, Moto
name: Hayakawa, Hisao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using molecular dynamics simulation, we investigate transport properties of a classical two-dimensional electron system confined in a microchannel with a narrow constriction. As a function of the confinement strength of the constriction, the calculated conductance in the simulations exhibits steplike increases as reported in a recent experiment [D. G. Rees et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 026803 (2011)]. It is confirmed that the number of the steps corresponds to the number of stream lines of electrons through the constriction. We verify that density fluctuation plays a major role in smoothing the steps in the conductance.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Riesz transforms on $ax+b$ groups
Creators: name: Martini, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E30, 42B20, 42B30

description: We prove the $L^p$-boundedness for all $p \in (1,\infty)$ of the first-order Riesz transforms $X_j \mathcal{L}^{-1/2}$ associated with the Laplacian $\mathcal{L} = -\sum_{j=0}^n X_j^2$ on the $ax+b$-group $G = \mathbb{R}^n \rtimes \mathbb{R}$; here $X_0$ and $X_1,\dots,X_n$ are left-invariant vector fields on $G$ in the directions of the factors $\mathbb{R}$ and $\mathbb{R}^n$ respectively. This settles a question left open in previous work of Hebisch and Steger (who proved the result for $p \leq 2$) and of Gaudry and Sjögren (who only considered $n=1=j$). The main novelty here is that we can treat the case $p \in (2,\infty)$ and include the Riesz transform in the direction of $\mathbb{R}$; an operator-valued Fourier multiplier theorem on $\mathbb{R}^n$ turns out to be key to this purpose. We also establish a weak type $(1,1)$ endpoint for the adjoint Riesz transforms in the direction of $\mathbb{R}^n$. By transference, our results imply the $L^p$-boundedness for $p \in (1,\infty)$ of the first-order Riesz transforms associated with the Schrödinger operator $-\partial_s^2 + e^{2s}$ on the real line.
description: 40 pages
Nematic Superconductivity and Its Critical Vestigial Phases in the Quasi-crystal
Creators: name: Liu, Yu-Bo
name: Zhou, Jing
name: Yang, Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a general mechanism to realize nematic superconductivity (SC) and reveal its exotic vestigial phases in the quasi-crystal (QC). Starting from a Penrose Hubbard model, our microscopic studies suggest that the Kohn-Luttinger mechanism driven SC in the QC is usually gapless due to violation of Anderson's theorem, rendering that both chiral and nematic SCs are common. The nematic SC in the QC can support novel vestigial phases driven by pairing phase fluctuations above its $T_c$. Our combined renormalization group and Monte-Carlo studies provide a phase diagram in which, besides the conventional charge-4e SC, two critical vestigial phases emerge, i.e. the quasi-nematic (Q-N) SC and Q-N metal. In the two Q-N phases, the discrete lattice rotation symmetry is counter-intuitively ``quasi-broken'' with power-law decaying orientation correlation. They separate the phase diagram into various phases connected via Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transitions. These remarkable critical vestigial phases, which resemble the intermediate BKT phase in the $q$-state ($q\ge 5$) clock model, are consequence of the five- (or higher-) fold anisotropy field brought about by the unique QC symmetry, which are absent in conventional crystalline materials.
description: Version published in Phys. Rev. Lett., as the "Editor's suggestion"
Phase field model for coupled displacive and diffusive microstructural processes under thermal loading
Creators: name: Maraldi, Mirko
name: Wells, Garth N.
name: Molari, Luisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A non-isothermal phase field model that captures both displacive and diffusive phase transformations in a unified framework is presented. The model is developed in a formal thermodynamic setting, which provides guidance on admissible constitutive relationships and on the coupling of the numerous physical processes that are active. Phase changes are driven by temperature-dependent free-energy functions that become non-convex below a transition temperature. Higher-order spatial gradients are present in the model to account for phase boundary energy, and these terms necessitate the introduction of non-standard terms in the energy balance equation in order to satisfy the classical entropy inequality point-wise. To solve the resulting balance equations, a Galerkin finite element scheme is elaborated. To deal rigorously with the presence of high-order spatial derivatives associated with surface energies at phase boundaries in both the momentum and mass balance equations, some novel numerical approaches are used. Numerical examples are presented that consider boundary cooling of a domain at different rates, and these results demonstrate that the model can qualitatively reproduce the evolution of microstructural features that are observed in some alloys, especially steels. The proposed model opens a number of interesting possibilities for simulating and controlling microstructure pattern development under combinations of thermal and mechanical loading.
description: To appear in Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids
Additional file 5 of Multivariable models for advanced colorectal neoplasms in screen-eligible individuals at low-to-moderate risk of colorectal cancer: towards improving colonoscopy prioritization
Creators: name: Murthy, Sanjay K.
name: Antonova, Lilia
name: Dube, Catherine
name: Benchimol, Eric I.
name: Le Gal, Gregoire
name: Hae, Richard
name: Burke, Stephen
name: Ramsay, Tim
name: Rostom, Alaa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 5. Table S5. Model performance at different sensitivity thresholds for CRC and HRA detection among patients with signs or symptoms (sequential models for CRC and residual ACNs).
An exploration of the experiences of endurance athletes with atrial fibrillation
Creators: name: Galloway, Camille Sophie Lacroix
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Growing evidence indicates that chronic high-intensity endurance exercise predisposes male, middle-aged athletes to an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). The etiology of AF in endurance athletes is multi-factorial and remains incompletely understood. AF care in athletes remains largely based on evidence derived from the general population. However, athletes have training demands that make them a unique group of patients with AF which may complicate their care. Understanding the experiences of athletes with AF provides a necessary foundation for addressing their challenges in living and managing their condition and identifying any gaps in their arrhythmia management. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to describe the experiences and perspectives of endurance athletes living with AF. Masters’ athletes with AF between the ages of 35-60 years were recruited internationally through cardiology practices and social media. Ten middle aged, male endurance athletes with AF and more than 1500 lifetime training hours participated in individual, semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis to construct four main themes: (1) athletic identity (2) training with AF (3) psychological and psychosocial impacts (4) athletes' experiences with healthcare providers. Participants’ identities as athletes were core to their experiences with AF. Having AF constantly threatened their athletic identity and influenced their decision making. Athletes' description of their AF revolved around how it affected their training which remained a priority for them despite experiencing significant limitations. Athletes gauged their responses to treatments (e.g., pharmacologic, cardioversion, ablation) according to the impacts on their exercise capacity. Participants additionally highlighted the negative impact of AF on work, relationships, and general psychological well-being. Athletes felt largely misunderstood by healthcare providers, who rarely considered their training as an aspect of care and found a lack of treatment recommendations tailored towards continuation of sport practice. In particular, athletes highlighted the need for practitioners to consider their training goals and to provide them with specific exercise parameters. Findings from this study emphasized the uniqueness of this male athletic AF population and highlighted a need for tailored ‘athlete-specific' management. Specialized sport AF care should be considered to ensure efficacious treatment and maintain quality of life in athletes.
Comparison of different measures for quantum discord under non-Markovian noise
Creators: name: Xu, Zhenyu
name: Yang, Wanli
name: Xiao, Xing
name: Feng, Mang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two geometric measures for quantum discord were recently proposed by Modi et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 080501 (2010)] and Dakic et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 190502 (2010)]. We study the similarities and differences for total quantum correlations of Bell-diagonal states using these two geometry-based quantum discord and the original quantum discord. We show that, under non-Markovian dephasing channels, quantum discord and one of the geometric measures stay constant for a finite amount of time, but not the other geometric measure. However, all the three measures share a common sudden change point. Our study on critical point of sudden transition might be useful for keeping long time total quantum correlations under decoherence.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures submitted for publication
The massless single off-shell scalar box integral -- branch cut structure and all-order epsilon expansion
Creators: name: Haug, Juliane
name: Wunder, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the single off-shell scalar box integral with massless internal lines in dimensional regularization. A special emphasis is given to higher orders in the dimensional regularization parameter epsilon, its branch cut structure, and kinematic limits. Common representations of the box integral introduce superficial branch cuts, which we eliminate to all orders in the epsilon expansion. In the literature so far a satisfactory solution for this issue only exists up to finite order in the epsilon expansion. However, for calculations at NNLO in perturbation theory, higher orders in epsilon of this integral are required. In this paper, we present results to all orders in epsilon in terms of single-valued polylogarithms and explicitly determine the real and imaginary part of the box integral in all kinematic regions.
description: 29 pages, 5 figures, , updated to match version published in JHEP
Additional file 6 of Multivariable models for advanced colorectal neoplasms in screen-eligible individuals at low-to-moderate risk of colorectal cancer: towards improving colonoscopy prioritization
Creators: name: Murthy, Sanjay K.
name: Antonova, Lilia
name: Dube, Catherine
name: Benchimol, Eric I.
name: Le Gal, Gregoire
name: Hae, Richard
name: Burke, Stephen
name: Ramsay, Tim
name: Rostom, Alaa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 6. Table S6. Model performance at different sensitivity thresholds for CRC detection among patients aged 50–74 (CRC model only).
Enumeration formulas for generalized q-Euler numbers
Creators: name: Kim, Jang Soo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A19, 05A30, 05E35

description: We find an enumeration formula for a $(t,q)$-Euler number which is a generalization of the $q$-Euler number introduced by Han, Randrianarivony, and Zeng. We also give a combinatorial expression for the $(t,q)$-Euler number and find another formula when $t=\pm q^r$ for any integer $r$. Special cases of our latter formula include the formula of the $q$-Euler number recently found by Josuat-Vergès and Touchard-Riordan's formula.
description: 21 pages, 12 figures
Detection of phonon helicity in nonchiral crystals with Raman scattering
Creators: name: Parlak, Selçuk
name: Ghosh, Sayandip
name: Garate, Ion
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, it has been predicted that the Berry curvature of electrons can produce an angular momentum for phonons. In systems with time-reversal symmetry, the direction of the phonon angular momentum is locked to the phonon wave vector. Accordingly, this phenomenon has received the name of ``phonon helicity". Here, we present a theory to unveil the signatures of such phonon helicity using Raman scattering. We show that the intensity of Raman scattering for circularly polarized light in BaMnSb$_2$ (a prototypical nonchiral Dirac insulator) changes under a reversal of the phonon wave vector, and that the phonon helicity can be inferred from that change. We compare our results to recent reports of Raman-based detection of phonon angular momentum in chiral crystals.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, 2 appendices