cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MHD turbulence in a channel with spanwise magnetic field
Creators: name: Krasnov, Dmitry
name: Zikanov, Oleg
name: Schumacher, Joerg
name: Boeck, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of a uniform spanwise magnetic field on a turbulent channel flow is investigated for the case of low magnetic Reynolds number. DNS and LES computations are performed for two values of the hydrodynamic Reynolds number (10^4 and 2\times 10^4) and the Hartmann number varying in a wide range. It is shown that the main effect of the magnetic field is the suppression of turbulent velocity fluctuations and momentum transfer in the wall-normal direction. This leads to drag reduction and transformation of the mean flow profile. The centerline velocity grows, the mean velocity gradients near the wall decrease, and the typical horizontal dimensions of the coherent structures enlarge upon increasing the Hartmann number. Comparison between LES and DNS results shows that the dynamic Smagorinsky model accurately reproduces the flow transformation.
description: 27 pages, 14 Postscript figures, to appear in Phys. Fluids
The Structure of Multiphase Galactic Winds
Creators: name: Fielding, Drummond B.
name: Bryan, Greg L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel analytic framework to model the steady-state structure of multiphase galactic winds comprised of a hot, volume-filling component and a cold, clumpy component. We first derive general expressions for the structure of the hot phase for arbitrary mass, momentum, and energy sources terms. Next, informed by recent simulations, we parameterize the cloud-wind mass transfer rates, which are set by the competition between turbulent mixing and radiative cooling. This enables us to cast the cloud-wind interaction as a source term for the hot phase and thereby simultaneously solve for the evolution of both phases fully accounting for their bidirectional influence. With this model, we explore the nature of galactic winds over a broad range of conditions. We find that: (i) with realistic parameter choices, we naturally produce a hot, low-density wind that transports energy while entraining a significant flux of cold clouds, (ii) mixing dominates the cold cloud acceleration and decelerates the hot wind, (iii) during mixing thermalization of relative kinetic energy provides significant heating, (iv) systems with low hot-phase mass loading factors and/or star formation rates can sustain higher initial cold phase mass loading factors, but the clouds are quickly shredded, and (v) systems with large hot-phase mass loading factors and/or star formation rates cannot sustain large initial cold-phase mass loading factors, but the clouds tend to grow with radius. Our results highlight the necessity of accounting for the multiphase structure of galactic winds, both physically and observationally, and have important implications for feedback in galactic systems.
description: 41 pages, 11 figures, submitted to ApJ. Schematic overview shown in Fig. 1 available at https://dfielding14.github.io/images/Multiphase_Winds_Schematic.pdf . Example code available at https://github.com/dfielding14/MultiphaseGalacticWind
Correlated band theory of spin and orbital contributions to Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions
Creators: name: Katsnelson, M. I.
name: Kvashnin, Y. O.
name: Mazurenko, V. V.
name: Lichtenstein, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new approach for calculations of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions in molecules and crystals is proposed. It is based on the exact perturbation expansion of total energy of weak ferromagnets in the canting angle with the only assumption of local Hubbard-type interactions. This scheme leads to a simple and transparent analytical expression for Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya vector with a natural separation into spin and orbital contributions. The main problem was transferred to calculations of effective tight-binding parameters in the properly chosen basis including spin-orbit coupling. Test calculations for La$_2$CuO$_4$ give the value of canting angle in a good agreement with experimental data.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
A Search for Planetary Metastable Helium Absorption in the V1298 Tau System
Creators: name: Vissapragada, Shreyas
name: Stefánsson, Guðmundur
name: Greklek-McKeon, Michael
name: Oklopcic, Antonija
name: Knutson, Heather A.
name: Ninan, Joe P.
name: Mahadevan, Suvrath
name: Cañas, Caleb I.
name: Chachan, Yayaati
name: Cochran, William D.
name: Collins, Karen A.
name: Dai, Fei
name: David, Trevor J.
name: Halverson, Samuel
name: Hawley, Suzanne L.
name: Hebb, Leslie
name: Kanodia, Shubham
name: Kowalski, Adam F.
name: Livingston, John H.
name: Maney, Marissa
name: Metcalf, Andrew J.
name: Morley, Caroline
name: Ramsey, Lawrence W.
name: Robertson, Paul
name: Roy, Arpita
name: Spake, Jessica
name: Schwab, Christian
name: Terrien, Ryan C.
name: Tinyanont, Samaporn
name: Vasisht, Gautam
name: Wisniewski, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Early in their lives, planets endure extreme amounts of ionizing radiation from their host stars. For planets with primordial hydrogen and helium-rich envelopes, this can lead to substantial mass loss. Direct observations of atmospheric escape in young planetary systems can help elucidate this critical stage of planetary evolution. In this work, we search for metastable helium absorption---a tracer of tenuous gas in escaping atmospheres---during transits of three planets orbiting the young solar analogue V1298 Tau. We characterize the stellar helium line using HET/HPF, and find that it evolves substantially on timescales of days to months. The line is stable on hour-long timescales except for one set of spectra taken during the decay phase of a stellar flare, where absoprtion increased with time. Utilizing a beam-shaping diffuser and a narrowband filter centered on the helium feature, we observe four transits with Palomar/WIRC: two partial transits of planet d ($P = 12.4$ days), one partial transit of planet b ($P = 24.1$ days), and one full transit of planet c ($P = 8.2$ days). We do not detect the transit of planet c, and we find no evidence of excess absorption for planet b, with $ΔR_\mathrm{b}/R_\star<0.019$ in our bandpass. We find a tentative absorption signal for planet d with $ΔR_\mathrm{d}/R_\star = 0.0205\pm0.054$, but the best-fit model requires a substantial (-100$\pm$14 min) transit-timing offset on a two-month timescale. Nevertheless, our data suggest that V1298 Tau d may have a high present-day mass-loss rate, making it a priority target for follow-up observations.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, accepted to AJ
Super shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dairy calves reared under best rearing practices
Creators: name: Rapp, Delphine
name: Jauregui, Ruy
name: Ross, Colleen
name: Maclean, Paul
name: Hempstead, Melissa
name: Hannaford, Rina
name: Brightwell, Gale
Publisher: name: AgResearch
Year: 2023
Subjects: Animal protection (incl. pests and pathogens)

description: Aim of the study: To investigate the dissemination of E. coli O157:H7 by young dairy calves reared under recommended husbandry practices Hypothesis: Calves reared under best practices will be less likely to excrete E. coli O157:H7
title: Qualitativ hochwertige Metadaten in digitalen Editionen
title: Workshopmaterialien
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Lemke, Karoline
name: Alvares Freire, Fernanda
name: Fichtl, Barbara
name: Gerber, Anja
name: König, Sandra
name: Körfer, Anna-Lena
name: Lordick, Harald
name: Schnöpf, Markus
name: Städtler, Domenic
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: NFDI
subject: Text+
subject: NFDI4Objects
subject: NFDI4Memory
subject: Scholarly Editions
subject: Metadata/standards
subject: LIDO
subject: TEI-XML
subject: Kontrollierte Vokabulare
subject: Qualität
subject: Quality Improvement
subject: Quality Control
subject: Minimaldatensatz

description: Materialien zum Workshop "Qualitativ hochwertige Metadaten in digitalen Editionen“, der im Rahmen der „DHd 2025: Under Construction“ in Bielefeld von Mitarbeiter:innen der NFDI-Konsortien Text+, NFDI4Memory, NFDI4Objects, der Verbundzentrale des GBV und dem Institut für Museumsforschung gehalten wurde. Ziel des Workshops war die praxisnahe Vermittlung von Wissen zur Bewertung und Verbesserung der Qualität von Metadaten in digitalen Editionen. Ausgehend von konkreten Fallbeispielen in Form verschiedener Überlieferungssituationen von Briefen (neu zu erschließen, Abschrift, indirekter Hinweis) wurden die Problemfelder aufgerissen, die hinsichtlich der Beschreibung der verschiedenen Arten von Metadaten auftreten können. Drei Übungsblöcken waren jeweils kurze thematischen Einführungen zu den Basisthemen Metadaten, Normdaten und kontrollierten Vokabularen, Dublin Core, LIDO sowie Datenqualität und Datenkuratierung vorangestellt. In den Praxisübungen arbeiteten die Teilnehmer:innen in Gruppen oder eigenständig mit den Metadaten-Standards Dublin Core, LIDO und TEI-XML. Die Übungen zielten darauf ab, die Erstellung von Metadatensets, auch anhand von Metadateneditoren, zu erproben und aus der eigenen Erfahrung Methoden zur Bewertung der Qualität und zur Bereinigung eigener bzw. bereits vorhandener Metadatensets zu entwickeln.
Polyakov D1 Brane Action On the Light-Front
Creators: name: Kulshreshtha, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conformally gauge-fixed Polyakov D1 brane action is seen to be a constrained sys tem in the sense of Dirac when it is considered on the light-front in contrast t o the case when it is consdired in the instant-form. The model is quantized usin g the standard constraint quantization techniques on the light-front.
description: 06pages, conference
2-output spin wave programmable logic gate
Creators: name: Mahmoud, Abdulqader
name: Vanderveken, Frederic
name: Adelmann, Christoph
name: Ciubotaru, Florin
name: Cotofana, Sorin
name: Hamdioui, Said
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a 2-output Spin-Wave Programmable Logic Gate structure able to simultaneously evaluate any pair of AND, NAND, OR, NOR, XOR, and XNOR Boolean functions. Our proposal provides the means for fanout achievement within the Spin Wave computation domain and energy and area savings as two different functions can be simultaneously evaluated on the same input data. We validate our proposal by means of Object Oriented Micromagnetic Framework (OOMMF) simulations and demonstrate that by phase and magnetization threshold output sensing AND, OR, NAND, NOR and XOR and XNOR functionalities can be achieved, respectively. To get inside into the potential practical implications of our approach we use the proposed gate to implement a 3-input Majority gate, which we evaluate and compare with state of the art equivalent implementations in terms of area, delay, and energy consumptions. Our estimations indicate that the proposed gate provides 33% and 16% energy and area reduction, respectively, when compared with spin-wave counterpart and 42% energy reduction while consuming 12x less area when compared to a 15 nm CMOS implementation.
description: This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program within the FET-OPEN project CHIRON under grant agreement No. 801055
Multiplicativity of the JLO-character
Creators: name: Uuye, Otgonbayar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 19K56, 46L87

description: We prove that the Jaffe-Lesniewski-Osterwalder character is compatible with the $A_{\infty}$-structure of Getzler and Jones.
description: 11 pages; typos corrected; to appear in the Journal of NCG
Kiloparsec-scale AGN Outflows and Feedback in Merger-Free Galaxies
Creators: name: Smethurst, Rebecca J.
name: Simmons, Brooke D.
name: Coil, Alison
name: Lintott, Chris J.
name: Keel, William
name: Masters, Karen
name: Glikman, Eilat
name: Leung, Gene
name: Shanahan, Jesse
name: Garland, Izzy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations and simulations have challenged the long-held paradigm that mergers are the dominant mechanism driving the growth of both galaxies and supermassive black holes (SMBH), in favour of non-merger (secular) processes. In this pilot study of merger-free SMBH and galaxy growth, we use Keck Cosmic Web Imager spectral observations to examine four low-redshift ($0.043 < z < 0.073$) disk-dominated `bulgeless' galaxies hosting luminous AGN, assumed to be merger-free. We detect blueshifted broadened [OIII] emission from outflows in all four sources, which the \oiii/\hbeta~ratios reveal are ionised by the AGN. We calculate outflow rates in the range $0.12-0.7~\rm{M}_{\odot}~\rm{yr}^{-1}$, with velocities of $675-1710~\rm{km}~\rm{s}^{-1}$, large radial extents of $0.6-2.4~\rm{kpc}$, and SMBH accretion rates of $0.02-0.07~\rm{M}_{\odot}~\rm{yr}^{-1}$. We find that the outflow rates, kinematics, and energy injection rates are typical of the wider population of low-redshift AGN, and have velocities exceeding the galaxy escape velocity by a factor of $\sim30$, suggesting that these outflows will have a substantial impact through AGN feedback. Therefore, if both merger-driven and non-merger-driven SMBH growth lead to co-evolution, this suggests that co-evolution is regulated by feedback in both scenarios. Simulations find that bars and spiral arms can drive inflows to galactic centres at rates an order of magnitude larger than the combined SMBH accretion and outflow rates of our four targets. This work therefore provides further evidence that non-merger processes are sufficient to fuel SMBH growth and AGN outflows in disk galaxies.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Agglomerationsvorteile und kommunales Steueraufkommen
Creators: name: Bergholz, Christian
name: Hundt, Christian
name: Osigus, Torsten
name: Bergholz, Christian
name: Hundt, Christian
name: Osigus, Torsten
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: Kommunale Steuereinnahmen
subject: Öffentliche Finanzen
subject: Agglomerationseffekte
subject: Ländlich
subject: Urban
subject: Local government tax revenues
subject: Public Finance
subject: Agglomeration
subject: Rural

description: Using the example of German districts and independent cities (kreisfreie Städte), we find that latter generate higher gross domestic product (GDP) per inhabitant as well as larger tax revenues per inhabitant. Accordingly, independent cities generate a GDP of €50,854 per inhabitant and record tax revenues of €1,739 per inhabitant, while in municipalities belonging to districts the GDP is €32,029 per inhabitant and tax revenues per inhabitant are €1,283. In order to analyze the positive correlation between GDP and tax revenues, we look in particular at the role of (net) agglomeration economies. Furthermore, we argue that agglomeration economies increase local governments´ tax revenues per inhabitant through two distinct channels. First, agglomeration economies lead to rising local value added that again ends up in a greater local tax base and in greater local tax revenues (indirect channel). Second, local governments can directly tax local agglomeration economies by increasing their tax multipliers (direct channel). Looking at total tax revenues, our empirical results suggest that the indirect channel is quantitatively more important than the direct channel. However, the extent to which both channels come into play varies considerably across the examined types of tax revenues. While the direct channel is most important for non-agricultural/non-forestry land property tax, the indirect channel plays a more important role for the three business-related taxes. Property tax for agricultural and forestry land shows a high negative effect, especially in the case of the direct channel. The reason for this is that there are no agglomeration-related rents for agricultural and forestry land that can be taxed. Finally, we can show that the business-related tax revenues (business tax, income tax, value added tax) per inhabitant are systematically lower in Eastern Germany than in Western Germany, which is mainly due to the lower average GDP per inhabitant of Eastern German districts and independent cities.
description: DOI:10.3220/WP1637050036000
High-SNR Analysis of Outage-Limited Communications with Bursty and Delay-Limited Information
Creators: name: Kittipiyakul, Somsak
name: Elia, Petros
name: Javidi, Tara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work analyzes the high-SNR asymptotic error performance of outage-limited communications with fading, where the number of bits that arrive at the transmitter during any time slot is random but the delivery of bits at the receiver must adhere to a strict delay limitation. Specifically, bit errors are caused by erroneous decoding at the receiver or violation of the strict delay constraint. Under certain scaling of the statistics of the bit-arrival process with SNR, this paper shows that the optimal decay behavior of the asymptotic total probability of bit error depends on how fast the burstiness of the source scales down with SNR. If the source burstiness scales down too slowly, the total probability of error is asymptotically dominated by delay-violation events. On the other hand, if the source burstiness scales down too quickly, the total probability of error is asymptotically dominated by channel-error events. However, at the proper scaling, where the burstiness scales linearly with 1/sqrt(log SNR) and at the optimal coding duration and transmission rate, the occurrences of channel errors and delay-violation errors are asymptotically balanced. In this latter case, the optimal exponent of the total probability of error reveals a tradeoff that addresses the question of how much of the allowable time and rate should be used for gaining reliability over the channel and how much for accommodating the burstiness with delay constraints.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, to appear in IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory
Additional file 1 of A DM1-doped porous gold nanoshell system for NIR accelerated redox-responsive release and triple modal imaging guided photothermal synergistic chemotherapy
Creators: name: Xu, Pengcheng
name: Wang, Ru
name: Yang, Wenqian
name: Liu, Yanyan
name: He, Dongsheng
name: Ye, Zixuan
name: Chen, Daquan
name: Ding, Yuan
name: Tu, Jiasheng
name: Shen, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Space Science
Medicine
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary experimental section and results.
n-bit Data Parallel Spin Wave Logic Gate
Creators: name: Mahmoud, Abdulqader
name: Vanderveken, Frederic
name: Ciubotaru, Florin
name: Adelmann, Christoph
name: Cotofana, Sorin
name: Hamdioui, Said
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to their very nature, Spin Waves (SWs) created in the same waveguide, but with different frequencies, can coexist while selectively interacting with their own species only. The absence of inter-frequency interferences isolates input data sets encoded in SWs with different frequencies and creates the premises for simultaneous data parallel SW based processing without hardware replication or delay overhead. In this paper we leverage this SW property by introducing a novel computation paradigm, which allows for the parallel processing of n-bit input data vectors on the same basic SW based logic gate. Subsequently, to demonstrate the proposed concept, we present 8-bit parallel 3-input Majority gate implementation and validate it by means of Object Oriented MicroMagnetic Framework (OOMMF) simulations. To evaluate the potential benefit of our proposal we compare the 8-bit data parallel gate with equivalent scalar SW gate based implementation. Our evaluation indicates that 8-bit data 3-input Majority gate implementation requires 4.16x less area than the scalar SW gate based equivalent counterpart while preserving the same delay and energy consumption figures.
description: This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program within the FET-OPEN project CHIRON under grant agreement No. 801055
Additional file 2 of miR-1224 contributes to ischemic stroke-mediated natural killer cell dysfunction by targeting Sp1 signaling
Creators: name: Feng, Yan
name: Li, Yan
name: Zhang, Ying
name: Zhang, Bo-Hao
name: Zhao, Hui
name: Zhao, Xin
name: Shi, Fu-Dong
name: Jin, Wei-Na
name: Zhang, Xiao-An
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 1. miR-1224 inhibits the activation and cytotoxicity of splenic NK cells after ischemic stroke. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the number of functional markers in NK cells. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 in mimics versus control; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 in inhibitor versus control; &p < 0.05, &&p < 0.01 in inhibitor versus mimics. Supplementary Table 2. miR-1224 is involved in the alteration of brain-infiltrating NK cells after MCAO. Splenic NK cells isolated from wild-type mice were treated with an miR-1224 control, mimic or inhibitor plasmid. After transfection, NK cells were transferred intravenously into NPG mice before MCAO. The table shows the NK cell counts and the expression of functional markers of NK cells in the ischemic brain. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 in mimics versus control. Supplementary Table 3. miR-1224 negatively regulates NK cell function by modulating Sp1. Flow cytometry shows splenic NK cell counts and functional markers (CD69 and IFN-γ) of wild-type and Sp1-/- mice subjected to MCAO. Data were presented as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 in WT/inhibitor versus WT/vehicle; #p < 0.05 in WT/inhibitor versus Sp1-/-/inhibitor. Supplementary Table 4. miR-1224 negatively regulates NK cell function by modulating Sp1. Flow cytometry shows brain-infiltrating NK cell counts and functional markers (CD69 and IFN-γ) in wild-type and Sp1-/- mice subjected to MCAO. Data and presented as the mean ± SEM.
Biochemical evidence for the tyrosine involvement in cationic intermediate stabilization in mouse β-carotene 15, 15'-monooxygenase
Creators: name: Poliakov, Eugenia
name: Gentleman, Susan
name: Chander, Preethi
name: Cunningham, Francis X
name: Grigorenko, Bella L
name: Nemuhin, Alexander V
name: Redmond, T Michael
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2009
Subjects: Carotenoid
Aromatic Residue
Diphenylamine
Polyene Chain
Retinyl Palmitate

description: β-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase (BCMO1) catalyzes the crucial first step in vitamin A biosynthesis in animals. We wished to explore the possibility that a carbocation intermediate is formed during the cleavage reaction of BCMO1, as is seen for many isoprenoid biosynthesis enzymes, and to determine which residues in the substrate binding cleft are necessary for catalytic and substrate binding activity. To test this hypothesis, we replaced substrate cleft aromatic and acidic residues by site-directed mutagenesis. Enzymatic activity was measured in vitro using His-tag purified proteins and in vivo in a β-carotene-accumulating E. coli system. Our assays show that mutation of either Y235 or Y326 to leucine (no cation-π stabilization) significantly impairs the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Moreover, mutation of Y326 to glutamine (predicted to destabilize a putative carbocation) almost eliminates activity (9.3% of wt activity). However, replacement of these same tyrosines with phenylalanine or tryptophan does not significantly impair activity, indicating that aromaticity at these residues is crucial. Mutations of two other aromatic residues in the binding cleft of BCMO1, F51 and W454, to either another aromatic residue or to leucine do not influence the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Our ab initio model of BCMO1 with β-carotene mounted supports a mechanism involving cation-π stabilization by Y235 and Y326. Our data are consistent with the formation of a substrate carbocation intermediate and cation-π stabilization of this intermediate by two aromatic residues in the substrate-binding cleft of BCMO1.
Are massive dense clumps truly sub-virial? A new analysis using Gould Belt ammonia data
Creators: name: Singh, Ayushi
name: Matzner, Christopher D.
name: Friesen, Rachel K.
name: Martin, Peter G.
name: Pineda, Jaime E.
name: Rosolowsky, Erik W.
name: Alves, Felipe
name: Chacón-Tanarro, Ana
name: Chen, Hope How-Huan
name: Chen, Michael Chun-Yuan
name: Choudhury, Spandan
name: Di Francesco, James
name: Keown, Jared
name: Kirk, Helen
name: Punanova, Anna
name: Seo, Youngmin
name: Shirley, Yancy
name: Ginsburg, Adam
name: Offner, Stella S. R.
name: Arce, Héctor G.
name: Caselli, Paola
name: Goodman, Alyssa A.
name: Myers, Philip C.
name: Redaelli, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical studies of dense structures within molecular clouds often conclude that the most massive clumps contain too little kinetic energy for virial equilibrium, unless they are magnetized to an unexpected degree. This raises questions about how such a state might arise, and how it might persist long enough to represent the population of massive clumps. In an effort to re-examine the origins of this conclusion, we use ammonia line data from the Green Bank Ammonia Survey and Planck-calibrated dust emission data from Herschel to estimate the masses and kinetic and gravitational energies for dense clumps in the Gould Belt clouds. We show that several types of systematic error can enhance the appearance of low kinetic-to-gravitational energy ratios: insufficient removal of foreground and background material; ignoring the kinetic energy associated with velocity differences across a resolved cloud; and over-correcting for stratification when evaluating the gravitational energy. Using an analysis designed to avoid these errors, we find that the most massive Gould Belt clumps harbor virial motions, rather than sub-virial ones. As a byproduct, we present a catalog of masses, energies, and virial energy ratios for 85 Gould Belt clumps.
description: Submitted to ApJ
Phonon-induced magnetoresistivity of Weyl semimetal nanowires
Creators: name: De Martino, Alessandro
name: Dorn, Kathrin
name: Buccheri, Francesco
name: Egger, Reinhold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study longitudinal magnetotransport in disorder-free cylindrical Weyl semimetal nanowires. Our theory includes a magnetic flux $Φ$ piercing the nanowire and captures the finite curvature of the Fermi arc in the surface Brillouin zone through a boundary angle $α$. Electron backscattering by acoustic phonons via the deformation potential causes a finite resistivity which we evaluate by means of the semiclassical Boltzmann approach. We find that low-energy transport is dominated by surface states, where transport observables are highly sensitive to the angle $α$ and to Aharonov-Bohm phases due to $Φ$. A generic subband dispersion relation allows for either one or two pairs of Fermi points. In the latter case, intra-node backscattering is possible and implies a parametrically larger resistivity than for a single Fermi point pair. As a consequence, large and abrupt resistivity changes take place across the transition points separating parameter regions with a different number of Fermi point pairs in a given subband.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures. To appear in PRB
Identifying the Tuskegee Syphilis Study: implications of results from recall and recognition questions
Creators: name: Katz, Ralph V
name: Jean-Charles, Germain
name: Green, B Lee
name: Kressin, Nancy R
name: Claudio, Cristina
name: Wang, MinQi
name: Russell, Stefanie L
name: Outlaw, Jason
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2009
Subjects: Syphilis
Detailed Knowledge
Random Digit Dial
Recognition Probe
Biomedical Study

description: This analysis assessed whether Blacks, Whites and Puerto-Rican (PR) Hispanics differed in their ability to identify the Tuskegee Syphilis Study (TSS) via open-ended questions following lead-in recognition and recall questions. The Tuskegee Legacy Project (TLP) Questionnaire was administered via a Random-Digit Dial (RDD) telephone survey to a stratified random sample of Black, White and PR Hispanic adults in three U.S. cities. The TLP Questionnaire was administered to 1,162 adults (356 African-Americans, 313 PR Hispanics, and 493 non-Hispanic Whites) in San Juan, PR, Baltimore, MD and New York City, NY. Recall question data revealed: 1) that 89% or more of Blacks, Whites, and PR Hispanics were not able to name or definitely identify the Tuskegee Syphilis Study by giving study attributes; and, 2) that Blacks were the most likely to provide an open-ended answer that identified the Tuskegee Syphilis Study as compared to Whites and PR Hispanics (11.5% vs 6.3% vs 2.9%, respectively) (p ≤ 0.002). Even when probed by a recognition question, only a minority of each racial/ethnic group (37.1%, 26.9%, and 8.6%, for Blacks, Whites and PR Hispanics, respectively) was able to clearly identify the TSS (p < 0.001). The two major implications of these findings for health disparity researchers are 1) that it is unlikely that detailed knowledge of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study has any current widespread influence on the willingness of minorities to participate in biomedical research, and 2) that caution should be applied before assuming that what community leaders 'know and are aware of' is equally 'well known' within their community constituencies.
Assessing Building Sustainability: Economic, Environmental, and Social Dimensions Explored
Creators: name: Biancone, Paolo
name: Brescia, Valerio
name: Lanzalonga, Federico
Publisher: name: European Journal of Social Impact and Circular Economy
Year: 2023

description: This research focuses on the importance of impact assessment in the construction sector, aligning with the United Nations' 2030 agenda for sustainable urban development. It emphasizes the need to incorporate economic, environmental, and social considerations into these assessments. A bibliometric analysis reveals an escalating interest in this field, particularly since 2015, illustrating the significant contribution of academic research to disseminating knowledge in this area. The paper highlights the crucial role of integrating these three sustainability dimensions in evaluating building impacts. Life cycle analysis, sustainable material use, and environmental impact assessments emerge as thematic clusters. Geographically, China stands out as the leading contributor to the topic, followed by the USA, Italy, and the UK, suggesting profound cross-country collaborations. The analysis indicates an inverse relationship between renovation costs and sustainability, emphasizing the need to balance demands and costs during the construction and renovation. Within this context, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) stands out as the favored measurement model, accounting for various inputs and outputs, including environmental, social, and economic impacts. European policies champion building sustainability, advocating for circular economy approaches and CO2 emission reductions. Independent committees or agencies are perceived as a catalyst for sustainability in building processes. However, the study acknowledges limitations, including exclusive reliance on the Scopus database and potential subjectivity in thematic analysis. Future research could benefit from additional databases like Web of Science, advanced thematic analysis software, and comprehensive case studies. Further engaging consumers in the building sustainability perspective may also present a promising research avenue.
description: European Journal of Social Impact and Circular Economy, Vol. 4 No. 3 (2023)
Neutron Stars in f(R) Gravity with Perturbative Constraints
Creators: name: Cooney, Alan
name: DeDeo, Simon
name: Psaltis, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the structure of neutron stars in f(R) gravity theories with perturbative constraints. We derive the modified Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov equations and solve them for a polytropic equation of state. We investigate the resulting modifications to the masses and radii of neutron stars and show that observations of surface phenomena alone cannot break the degeneracy between altering the theory of gravity versus choosing a different equation of state of neutron-star matter. On the other hand, observations of neutron-star cooling, which depends on the density of matter at the stellar interior, can place significant constraints on the parameters of the theory.
description: Discussion extended, typos corrected, figures revised. Accepted for publication in PRD
Plasmonic photonic crystal mirror for long-lived interlayer exciton generation
Creators: name: Park, Sanghyeok
name: Kim, Dongha
name: Seo, Min-Kyo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interlayer excitons in van der Waals heterostructures of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides have recently emerged as a fascinating platform for quantum many-body effects, long-range interactions, and opto-valleytronic applications. The practical implementation of such phenomena and applications requires further development of the long-lived character of interlayer excitons. Whereas material developments have successfully enhanced the nonradiative lifetime, the out-of-plane polarization nature of the interlayer excitons has made it challenging to improve the radiative lifetime with conventional photonic mirrors. Here, we propose and systematically analyze a plasmonic photonic crystal (PPhC) mirror that can increase the radiative lifetime of interlayer excitons by two orders of magnitude. Based on the vacuum field transition, the PPhC mirror supports spatially uniform radiative decay suppression over its territory, which is crucial for engineering the interlayer excitons not localized at a specific position. The PPhC mirror platform will offer new possibilities for realizing long-lived interlayer exciton-based nanodevices.
description: 26 pages, 5 figures
Understanding the concern to communicate climate change
Creators: name: Floranza, Jaymund Marino
Publisher: name: European Journal of Social Impact and Circular Economy
Year: 2023

description: The study understands the concern of communicating climate change and the strategies adopted to communicate climate change among the respondent-barangay-residents in Northeast of Catanduanes. The research data gathered through the online questionnaire generated significant scientific insight. They provided necessary implications that the respondents are much concerned with the effects of climate change, particularly the flooding due to extreme weather. Since the respondents themselves are experiencing climate issues, and thus inferred that successful climate change communication can be in the form of local matters where people can easily connect with climate issues. Another finding suggests that climate change mitigation is relayed not in a strict mode but in a personal manner that leads to communicating the matter to their family and friends. The climate-risk information shared is not authoritarian, which may compel an individual to climate change mitigation. The significant findings imply drafting a training design to enhance the concern about communicating climate change among barangay residents. The study recommended the following: Monitor and assess climate information and promote a climate-friendly environment by connecting climate issues with other social, economic, and ecological issues to stimulate interest among its recipient; Research outputs presented in Research Conferences, be deliberated to all concerned, and published in a refereed journal for information and widest dissemination; A future research may be about anthropogenic Climate Change Consciousness and Climate Action embracing data on environmental factors that create changes in the environment.
description: European Journal of Social Impact and Circular Economy, Vol. 4 No. 3 (2023)
Nonequilibrium dynamics in an amorphous solid
Creators: name: Singh, Sunil P.
name: Das, Shankar P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-equilibrium dynamics of an amorphous solid is studied with a soft-spin type model. We show that the aging behavior in the glassy state follows a modified Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) form similar to that obtained in Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 95}, 055702 (2005) from analysis of the dielectric loss data. The nature of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) violation is also studied in the time as well as correlation windows.
Induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells by chloroform fraction of seed extracts of Nigella sativa
Creators: name: Shafi, Gowhar
name: Munshi, Anjana
name: Hasan, Tarique N
name: Alshatwi, Ali A
name: Jyothy, A
name: Lei, David KY
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2009
Subjects: Cervical Cancer
HeLa Cell
Methanolic Extract
Chloroform Extract
Herbal Decoction

description: Cancer remains one of the most dreaded diseases causing an astonishingly high death rate, second only to cardiac arrest. The fact that conventional and newly emerging treatment procedures like chemotherapy, catalytic therapy, photodynamic therapy and radiotherapy have not succeeded in reverting the outcome of the disease to any drastic extent, has made researchers investigate alternative treatment options. The extensive repertoire of traditional medicinal knowledge systems from various parts of the world are being re-investigated for their healing properties. This study progresses in the direction of identifying component(s) from Nigella sativa with anti cancer acitivity. In the present study we investigated the efficacy of Organic extracts of Nigella sativa seed powder for its clonogenic inhibition and induction of apoptosis in HeLa cancer cell. Methanolic, n-Hexane and chloroform extracts of Nigella sativa seedz effectively killed HeLa cells. The IC50 values of methanolic, n-hexane, and chloroform extracts of Nigella sativa were 2.28 μg/ml, 2.20 μg/ml and 0.41 ng/ml, respectively. All three extracts induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. Apoptosis was confirmed by DNA fragmentation, western blot and terminal transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Western Blot and TUNEL results suggested that Nigella sativa seed extracts regulated the expression of pro- and anti- apoptotic genes, indicating its possible development as a potential therapeutic agent for cervical cancer upon further investigation.
Pumpkin
Creators: name: Traunfeld, Jon
name: Smetana, Jeanine
name: Nixon, Bob
name: Yen, Peggy
Publisher: name: University of Maryland Extension
Year: 2010

description: Pumpkin is a summer-growing annual of the genus Curcurbita and the family Curcurbitaceae, which also includes gourds. This publication provides general instruction for planting, cultivation, harvesting, storage, nutrition, and use.
Unidirectional magneto-transport of linearly dispersing topological edge states
Creators: name: Wang, Zhanning
name: Bhalla, Pankaj
name: Edmonds, Mark
name: Fuhrer, Michael S.
name: Culcer, Dimitrie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum spin-Hall edges are envisaged as next-generation transistors, yet they exhibit dissipationless transport only over short distances. Here we show that in a diffusive sample, where charge puddles with odd spin cause back-scattering, a magnetic field drastically increases the mean free path and drives the system into the ballistic regime with a Landauer-Buttiker conductance. A strong non-linear non-reciprocal current emerges in the diffusive regime with opposite signs on each edge, and vanishes in the ballistic limit. We discuss its detection in state-of-the-art experiments.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B Rapid Communications
Gauge-invariant theories and higher-degree forms
Creators: name: Salgado, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A free differential algebra is generalization of a Lie algebra in which the mathematical structure is extended by including of new Maurer-Cartan equations for higher-degree differential forms. In this article, we propose a generalization of the Chern-Weil theorem for free differential algebras containing only one $p$-form extension. This is achieved through a generalization of the covariant derivative, leading to an extension of the standard formula for Chern-Simons and transgression forms. We also study the possible existence of anomalies originated on this kind of structure. Some properties and particular cases are analyzed.
description: 24 pages, no figures, added references
Managing corneal foreign body injuries in a primary eye care setting
Creators: name: Xu, Pauline
name: Lim, Jeremiah KH
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Corneal foreign body removal is a common oﬃce-based procedure conducted by primary eye care practitioners globally. In Australia and New Zealand, optometry is a therapeutic profession capable of removing embedded corneal foreign bodies. In Australia, it has been estimated that ocular foreign bodies account for more than 44% of eye-related presentations to a hospital emergency department. Studies have shown that the majority of these patients can be eﬀectively managed by the community optometrist, reducing the burden on hospital admissions. Regardless of the setting, the use of standardised terminology - recently expanded based on the IGATES recommendations, is essential when describing eye injuries. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, classiﬁcation of trauma, assessment and removal procedure, tools involved and the post-removal therapeutic management of corneal foreign bodies. It reinforces the importance of the role of the primary eye care practitioner in the provision of accessible and timely care to patients with corneal foreign bodies.
Hot electron cooling in InSb probed by ultrafast time-resolved terahertz cyclotron resonance
Creators: name: Xia, Chelsea Q.
name: Monti, Maurizio
name: Boland, Jessica L.
name: Herz, Laura M.
name: Lloyd-Hughes, James
name: Filip, Marina R.
name: Johnston, Michael B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring terahertz (THz) conductivity on an ultrafast time scale is an excellent way to observe charge-carrier dynamics in semiconductors as a function of time after photoexcitation. However, a conductivity measurement alone cannot separate the effects of charge-carrier recombination from effective mass changes as charges cool and experience different regions of the electronic band structure. Here we present a form of time-resolved magneto-THz spectroscopy which allows us to measure cyclotron effective mass on a picosecond time scale. We demonstrate this technique by observing electron cooling in the technologically-significant narrow-bandgap semiconductor indium antimonide (InSb). A significant reduction of electron effective mass from 0.032$m_\mathrm{e}$ to 0.017$m_\mathrm{e}$ is observed in the first 200ps after injecting hot electrons. Measurement of electron effective mass in InSb as a function of photo-injected electron density agrees well with conduction band non-parabolicity predictions from ab initio calculations of the quasiparticle band structure.
Extreme Variability and Episodic Lifetime of Quasars
Creators: name: Shen, Yue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We constrain the average episodic quasar lifetime (as in steady-state accretion) using two statistics of quasars that are recently turned off (i.e., dimmed by a large factor): 1) the fraction of turned-off quasars in a statistical sample photometrically observed over an extended period (e.g., $Δt=20$ yrs); 2) the fraction of massive galaxies that show 'orphan' broad MgII emission, argued to be short-lived echoes of recently turned-off quasars. The two statistics constrain the average episodic quasar lifetime to be hundreds to thousands of years. Much longer (or shorter) episodic lifetimes are strongly disfavored by these observations. This average episodic lifetime is broadly consistent with the infall timescale (viscous time) in the standard accretion disk model for quasars, suggesting that quasar episodes are governed by accretion disk physics rather than by the gas supply on much larger scales. Compared with the cumulative quasar lifetime of $\sim 10^6-10^8\,$yrs constrained from quasar clustering and massive black hole demographics, our results suggest that there are $\sim 10^3-10^5$ episodes of quasar accretion during the assembly history of the supermassive black hole. Such short episodes should be clustered over intervals of $\sim 10^4\,$yrs to account for the sizes of ionized narrow-line regions in quasars. Our statistical argument also dictates that there will always be a small fraction of extreme variability quasars caught in 'state transitions' over multi-year observing windows, despite the much longer episodic lifetime. These transitions could occur in a rather abrupt fashion during non-steady accretion.
description: ApJ, in press