Syneches bilobatus Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Menezes, Isis Sá
name: Ale-Rocha, Rosaly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Hybotidae
Syneches
Syneches bilobatus

description: Syneches bilobatus sp. nov.
(Figs 26–32, 106, 118)
Diagnosis. Small, dark brown. Scutum high, pyramidal, dark brown to black, with yellowish-gray pruinescence forming dorsocentral and supra-alar stripes. Femora slightly enlarged, fore femur more robust on basal half; legs dark brown, except bases and apices of fore and mid tibiae and of hind tarsomere 1, fore and mid tarsomeres 1–4 and hind tarsomeres 3–4 light brown; hind tibia light brown with medial brown ring. Wing hyaline; pterostigma hyaline; vein R2+3 with apex lightly curved upward.
Description. Holotype ♂. Body: 2.0 mm. Wing: 1.9 mm. Head. Eyes with lower facets larger around buccal opening. Ocellar triangle protuberant, with reddish brown pruinescence. Postocellar sclerite shiny, without pruinescence. Face dark brown to black, with gray pruinescence. Antenna brown with reddish brown-grayish setulae; pedicel with brown marginal setae, reaching half of postpedicel; postpedicel round, as long as length of scape and pedicel combined, with dorsal medial seta longer than postpedicel; stylus about four times length of antenna, glabrous on distal 1/3. Proboscis light brown. Palpus short, about 1/4 length of proboscis, brown, with short and reddish brown setulae; one apical, 2 ventral (one medial and one before middle), all long setae. Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum dark brown, with short, dark brown and sparse marginal setae. Scutum pyramidal, higher than mesopleuron; dark brown to black with dense reddish brown pruinescence; yellowish-gray pruinescence on prescutellar disc, on central portion of scutellum and forming dorsocentral and supra-alar stripes; dark brown short setae, larger on prescutellar disc; four series of very short and slender acrostichal setae and one dorsocentral series. Pleura dark brown with reddish brown pruinescence. Chaetotaxy: 1 long and strong dc, 2–3 slender acr, 1/3 length of dc, on prescutellar disc; 2 long and robust npl; 1 long pal; scutellum with 1 long and robust subapical pair, 1 convergent apical pair, weak, about half-length of subapical pair, 3 lateral setae subequal in length to apical pair (observed on female). Legs. Femora slightly enlarged, fore femur more robust on basal half. Dark brown, except bases and apices of fore and mid tibiae and hind tarsomere 1, fore and mid tarsomeres 1–4 and hind tarsomeres 3–4 light brown; hind tibia light brown with medial brown ring. Fore tibia with PV row of setae, preapical one larger. Mid-tibia with 1 AD before middle; 1 PV equal in length to tarsomere 1 and 1 apical AV seta.
Hind femur with row of AV setae, longer and stronger beyond middle of femur. Hind tibia with 1 AD before middle, equal in length to tarsomere 1; 1 preapical AD and 1 apical PD seta. Wing (Fig. 106). Hyaline; pterostigma inconspicuous; vein R2+3 with apex slightly curved upward. Abdomen. About two times length of thorax. Dark brown to black with reddish brown and dense pruinescence; brown covering setae short on dorsum and longer on sides. Tergite 8 short, about 2.3 times wider than long (Fig. 29); sternite 8 trapezoidal with short setae (Fig. 30). Terminalia (Figs 26–28): robust; hypandrium elongate, distal margin with light medial concavity forming two rounded lateral lobes, one pair of apical setae; epandrial lamella wide, apex slightly concave with dorsoapical projection, 3 robust and bent preapical setae; phallus elongate with sharpened apex and two small lateral protuberances; postgonite simple, wide, as long as phallus. Female. As in male. Terminalia (Figs 31, 32): elongate; tergite 8 rectangular; sternite 8 slightly longer than tergite 8 and narrowed from basal half, short apical setae; cercus long and robust, about 3/4 length of tergite 10.
Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (INPA): BRASIL, Amazonas, Manaus, R[eserva Adolpho] Ducke, 16– 17.iii.1993, Varredura-orla da mata, João Vidal / Holótipo, Syneches bilobatus, Menezes & Ale-Rocha (red label). Specimen in good conditions, except for scutellar setae lost. PARATYPES: BRASIL. AM [azonas], Paranajaú, Rio Papagaio, vi.2001, Mata Terra-Firme, Arm[adilha]. Malaise, Henriques, Vidal & Silva leg. (1 ♀, INPA); Manaus, PDBFF, 25.iii.1987, Malaise, Bert Klein (1 ♀, INPA); Res[erva]. KM 41, PDBFF, 26–27.v.2004, Sub-bosque, R. Querino (1 ♂, INPA); 1–2.ix.2004, Trilha RB-SB, R. Querino (1 ♀, INPA); [Rodovia] AM-010, KM-54, BI-2, 02°45′33″ S 59°51′ 03″W, 21–31.vii.1997, J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); KM 30, 02°51′47″ S 59°55′ 51″W, F.L. Oliveira, Arm[adilha]. Malaise, 20–27.vii.1996 (1 ♀, INPA); KM-26, Res[erva] [Adolpho] Ducke, ix.2001, J.F. Vidal, Malaise, mata (1 ♀, INPA); 16.ix.1982, J.A. Rafael, Armadilha de Malaise (1 ♀, INPA); Coari, Rio Urucu, prox[imo] [ao] aeroporto, 20–22.ii.1996, Luz Negra, BLB.6W, P. Bührnheim & N.O. Aguiar (1 ♂, 1 ♀, INPA).
Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas) (Fig. 118).
Comments. This species is similar to the other species with pyramidal scutum; however, it can be differentiated from S. angulatus sp. nov., S. annulipes Bezzi, S. maculosum sp. nov. and S. vidali mainly by the hyaline wing with hyaline pterostigma; from S. obeliscus and S. pyramidatus by the wide apex of cell r1, and apex of epandrial lamella slightly concave, forming a dorsoapical projection, and hypandrium with a small medial concavity forming two lobes with rounded apex.
Etymology. From the Latin, bilobatus = two lobules, in reference to the apical margin of the hypandrium with a light medial concavity forming two lobes.
description: Published as part of Menezes, Isis Sá & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2016, Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), pp. 401-442 in Zootaxa 4103 (5) on pages 411-413, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/267788