cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Predicting topological materials: symmetry-based indicator theories and beyond
Creators: name: Zhang, Tiantian
name: Murakami, Shuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Though symmetry-based indicators formulae are powerful in diagnosing topological states with a gapped band structure at/between any high-symmetry points, it fails in diagnosing topological degeneracies when the compatibility condition is violated. In such cases, we can only obtain information of whether there is a band degeneracy at some high-symmetry points or along some high-symmetry lines by the compatibility condition. Under the framework of symmetry-based indicator theories, we proposed an algorithm to diagnose the topological band crossings in the compatibility condition-violating systems to obtain the whole topological information, by using the symmetry-based indicator formulae of their subgroups. In this paper, we reinterpret the algorithm in a simpler way with two material examples preserving different topological states in spinless systems with time-reversal symmetry, discuss the limitation of the symmetry-based indicator theories, and make further discussions on the algorithm applying in spinful systems with time-reversal symmetry.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Gauge Kinetic Mixing and Dark Topological Defects
Creators: name: Hiramatsu, Takashi
name: Ibe, Masahiro
name: Suzuki, Motoo
name: Yamaguchi, Soma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss how the topological defects in the dark sector affect the Standard Model sector when the dark photon has a kinetic mixing with the QED photon. In particular, we consider the dark photon appearing in the successive gauge symmetry breaking, $\mathrm{SU}(2)\to \mathrm{U}(1) \to \mathbb{Z}_2$, where the remaining $\mathbb{Z}_2$ is the center of $\mathrm{SU(2)}$. In this model, the monopole is trapped into the cosmic strings and forms the so-called bead solution. As we will discuss, the dark cosmic string induces the QED magnetic flux inside the dark string through the kinetic mixing. The dark monopole, on the other hand, does not induce the QED magnetic flux in the U(1) symmetric phase, even in the presence of the kinetic mixing. Finally, we show that the dark bead solution induces a spherically symmetric QED magnetic flux through the kinetic mixing. The induced flux looks like the QED magnetic monopole viewed from a distance, although QED satisfies the Bianchi identity everywhere, which we call a pseudo magnetic monopole.
description: 39 pages, 8 figures
Note on the thermal history of decoupled massive particles
Creators: name: Zhang, Hongbao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This note provides an alternative approach to the momentum decay and thermal evolution of decoupled massive particles. Although the ingredients in our results have been addressed in Ref.\cite{Weinberg}, the strategies employed here are simpler, and the results obtained here are more general.
description: JHEP style, 4 pages, to appear in CQG
MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING TRAINING FOR MENTAL HEALTH CARE TEAMS: FOCUS ON WEIGHT MANAGEMENT
Creators: name: Sanchez, Andrew A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Background: Individuals with schizophrenia have a high rate of obesity, which contributes to increased health morbidities. Several factors contribute to the weight gain including unhealthy eating habits, sedentary lifestyle, and side effects of antipsychotic medications. Traditional weight loss interventions have been healthy eating and exercise combined with cognitive behavioral therapy. Mental health care providers could be trained to provide motivational interviewing (MI), which is an evidence-based intervention, to individuals for weight gain prevention. Objectives: In this project, the first objective was to develop and implement a brief weight management MI training module for a care team, consisting primarily of psychiatric technicians, at a community-based mental health treatment agency in the County of Los Angeles. The second objective was to evaluate the care team’s level of knowledge and performance in delivering the MI intervention to obese individuals with schizophrenia at their clinics. Methods: A newly developed 4-hour educational training module was given to seven psychiatric technicians who were available from the participating care teams. Participants were surveyed pre- and immediately post-training as well as four-months post-implementation. Results: At baseline, all of the participants agreed that cognitive behavior therapy could be an effective weight loss intervention for individuals with schizophrenia. On the iv knowledge test (10 items), mean total score of correct responses increased from 8.43 (SD = .79) at baseline to 9.29 at immediately post-test (SD = .76), t(6) = -2.121, p = .078. The care team’s performance at four-months displayed changes in participants’ attributions of difficulty with weight gain (more reported side effects from medications and fewer reported poor diet choice) as well as positive responses to continue using MI intervention skills in the clinical setting. Conclusions: This is the first known project to focus on a care team with psychiatric technicians who were taught MI interventions focused on weight loss for obese adult individuals with schizophrenia. Training the care team to provide weight loss MI interventions for obese adult individuals with schizophrenia was achievable, feasible, and possibly effective. Future goals are to provide weight loss MI training to care team members at the other clinics of the community-based mental health agency and to evaluate patient outcomes related to weight.
Conservation Laws and Potential Symmetries of Linear Parabolic Equations
Creators: name: Popovych, Roman O.
name: Kunzinger, Michael
name: Ivanova, Nataliya M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35K05; 35A30; 58J70; 35A15

description: We carry out an extensive investigation of conservation laws and potential symmetries for the class of linear (1+1)-dimensional second-order parabolic equations. The group classification of this class is revised by employing admissible transformations, the notion of normalized classes of differential equations and the adjoint variational principle. All possible potential conservation laws are described completely. They are in fact exhausted by local conservation laws. For any equation from the above class the characteristic space of local conservation laws is isomorphic to the solution set of the adjoint equation. Effective criteria for the existence of potential symmetries are proposed. Their proofs involve a rather intricate interplay between different representations of potential systems, the notion of a potential equation associated with a tuple of characteristics, prolongation of the equivalence group to the whole potential frame and application of multiple dual Darboux transformations. Based on the tools developed, a preliminary analysis of generalized potential symmetries is carried out and then applied to substantiate our construction of potential systems. The simplest potential symmetries of the linear heat equation, which are associated with single conservation laws, are classified with respect to its point symmetry group. Equations possessing infinite series of potential symmetry algebras are studied in detail.
description: 67 pages, minor corrections
The PT-symmetric brachistochrone problem, Lorentz boosts and non-unitary operator equivalence classes
Creators: name: Guenther, Uwe
name: Samsonov, Boris F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The PT-symmetric (PTS) quantum brachistochrone problem is reanalyzed as quantum system consisting of a non-Hermitian PTS component and a purely Hermitian component simultaneously. Interpreting this specific setup as subsystem of a larger Hermitian system, we find non-unitary operator equivalence classes (conjugacy classes) as natural ingredient which contain at least one Dirac-Hermitian representative. With the help of a geometric analysis the compatibility of the vanishing passage time solution of a PTS brachistochrone with the Anandan-Aharonov lower bound for passage times of Hermitian brachistochrones is demonstrated.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, strongly extended version
The Fruit Juices Are The Simplest Inhibitors Of Electrochemical Corrosion: Experimental Results
Creators: name: Sikachina Andrey, A.
name: Beloglazov Sergey A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: adsorption,
fruit and berry raw materials,
corrosion inhibitor,
aluminum,
copper,
galvanic cell,
hydrogen depolarization

description: In this paper, the anticorrosive properties of inhibitors (inh) - products of fruit and berry raw materials (fruit juice) are investigated on the example of a galvanic cell with irreversible electrodes. The test sample of aluminum Rus-grade “AД1пл” according to «ГОСТ 4784-1997» serves as the cathode, and the roughly processed sample of copper Rus-grade “M00к” according to “ГОСТ 859-2014” serves as an anode (to minimize the polarization of hydrogen evolution). Samples were pre-degreased. A measure of the change in the corrosion process is a function of the time of the magnitude of the current of the galvanic cell, which, in turn, depends on the degree of anodic hydrogen depolarization.
title: Praktiken der Differenzbearbeitung im Fachunterricht einer integrativen Schule der Sekundarstufe. Zur Überlagerung von Schulleistung, Peerkultur und Geschlecht
Creators: name: Sturm, Tanja
name: Wagner-Willi, Monika
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differenzkonstruktionen
subject: Dokumentarische Methode
subject: Fachunterricht
subject: Inklusion
subject: Schule
subject: Sekundarstufe I
subject: videobasierte Unterrichtsforschung
subject: ddc:370

description: Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie im Deutsch- und Mathematikunterricht einer integrativen achten Klasse einer nicht-gymnasialen Schulform Leistung konstruiert und von peerkulturellen, geschlechtsbezogenen Formen überlagert wird. Die dokumentarische Interpretation von Videosequenzen beider Unterrichtsfächer zeigt Prozesse der Inklusion und der Exklusion von SchülerInnen im Unterrichtsgeschehen. Diese stehen im Kontext der expliziten unterrichtlichen Rahmung seitens der Lehrpersonen und daraus resultierender Möglichkeiten der kooperierenden bzw. konkurrierenden Teilhabe, die ihrerseits von den SchülerInnen aufgegriffen und umgearbeitet werden.
The radial alignment of dark matter subhalos: from simulations to observations
Creators: name: Knebe, Alexander
name: Yahagi, Hideki
name: Kase, Hiroyuki
name: Lewis, Geraint
name: Gibson, Brad K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the radial alignment of subhalos in 2-dimensional projections of cosmological simulations. While most other recent studies focussed on quantifying the signal utilizing the full 3-dimensional spatial information any comparison to observational data has to be done in projection along random lines-of-sight. We have a suite of well resolved host dark matter halos at our disposal ranging from 6 x 10^14 Msun/h down to 6 x 10^13Msun/h. For these host systems we do observe that the major axis of the projected 2D mass distribution of subhalos aligns with its (projected) distance vector to the host's centre. The signal is actually stronger than the observed alignment. However, when considering only the innermost 10-20% of the subhalo's particles for the 2D shape measurement we recover the observed correlation. We further acknowledge that this signal is independent of subhalo mass.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication as MNRAS Letter
Remark on quantum mechanics with conformal Galilean symmetry
Creators: name: Galajinsky, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conformal Galilei algebra contains so(1,2) subalgebra which is the conformal algebra in one dimension. In this note we generalize methods previously developed for one-dimensional many-body systems and construct a unitary map relating a quantum mechanics invariant under the conformal Galilean transformations to a set of decoupled particles for which the same symmetry is realized in a nonlocal way. Possible applications of the map are discussed.
description: 5 pages,V3: minor modifications
Pseudogap and Mott Transition Studied by Cellular Dynamical Mean Field Theory
Creators: name: Zhang, Y. Z.
name: Imada, Masatoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study metal-insulator transitions between Mott insulators and metals. The transition mechanism completely different from the original dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) emerges from a cluster extension of it. A consistent picture suggests that the quasiparticle weight $Z$ remains nonzero through metals and suddenly jumps to zero at the transition, while the gap opens continuously in the insulators. This is in contrast with the original DMFT, where $Z$ continuously vanishes but the gap opens discontinuously. The present results arising from electron differentiation in momentum space agree with recent puzzling bulk-sensitive experiments on CaVO$_3$ and SrVO$_3$.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Determination of F_pi from Distributions of Dirac Operator Eigenvalues with Imaginary Density
Creators: name: Akemann, G.
name: Damgaard, P. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the epsilon-regime of lattice QCD one can get an accurate measurement of the pion decay constant F_pi by monitoring how just one single Dirac operator eigenvalue splits into two when subjected to two different external vector sources. Because we choose imaginary chemical potentials our Dirac eigenvalues remain real. Based on the relevant chiral Random Two-Matrix Theory we derive individual eigenvalue distributions in terms of density correlations functions to leading order in the finite-volume epsilon-expansion. As a simple byproduct we also show how the associated individual Dirac eigenvalue distributions and their correlations can be computed directly from the effective chiral Lagrangian.
description: presented at Lattice 2007, 7 pages, 3 figs
Nymphaea nouchali var. versicolor Bua Phuean: Seed Morphology and Germination In Vitro
Creators: name: Kitti Bodhipadma, Sompoch Noichinda
Publisher: name: คณะสิ่งแวดล้อมและทรัพยากรศาสตร์
Year: 2011
Subjects: aseptic condition, germination rate, Nymphaea nouchali, seed stage,seedling development

description: 2, 9, Environment and Natural Resources Journal
การปรับปรุงกระบวนการตกแต่งกันยับผ้าฝ้ายด้วยสาร 1,2,3,4-Butantetracarboxylic acid  และไคโตซาน
Creators: name: จำลอง สาริกานนท์
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคลพระนคร
Year: 2009
Subjects: ไคโตซาน, การชุบมัน, การตกแต่งกันยับ, สารเชื่อมขวางบนเซลลูโลส, พอลิคาร์บอกซิลิก

description: 1, 3, วารสารวิชาการและวิจัย มทร.พระนคร
Engineering education and power: the case of innovation in the 21st Century
Creators: name: Fomunyam, Dr. Kehdinga George
Publisher: name: Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT)
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Engineering education is the application of scientific, economic, social and practical knowledge to invent, create, design, build, maintain, research and improve structures machines, devices, systems, materials and processes. Engineering education is therefore an important component of innovation. The various innovations brought about by engineering education has delineated various countries along the lines of power and there is a dichotomy between them. Key among this is the separation between the Global North and the Global South. Innovation is a process and application of a new or meaningfully amended creation that needs long term commitment, resources and innovative climate in an organization. Findings from the study revealed that power dynamics is present in all situation and it takes different forms. It influences and shapes relationship. The study therefore recommends that there is a need to intensify efforts on engineering education in developing countries to create more innovations in the 21st century and effort should be geared towards the use and application of these innovations.
Long wavelength limit of two dimensional photonic crystals
Creators: name: chui, S. T.
name: Lin, Z. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We solve {\bf analytically} the multiple scattering (KKR) equations for the two dimensional photonic crystals in the long wavelength limit. Different approximations of the electric and magnetic susceptibilities are presented from a unified pseudopotential point of view. The nature of the so called plasmon-polariton bands are clarified. Its frequency as a function of the wire radius is discussed.
Gap solitons in grating superstructures
Creators: name: Mayteevarunyoo, Thawatchai
name: Malomed, Boris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results of the investigation of gap solitons (GSs) in the generic model of a periodically modulated Bragg grating (BG), which includes periodic modulation of the BG chirp or local refractive index, and periodic variation of the local reflectivity. We demonstrate that, while the previously studied reflectivity modulation strongly destabilizes all solitons, the periodic chirp modulation, which is a novel feature, stabilizes a new family of double-peak fundamental BGs in the side bandgap at negative frequencies (gap No. -1), and keeps solitons stable in the central bandgap (No. 0). The two soliton families demonstrate bistability, coexisting at equal values of energy. In addition, stable 4-peak bound states are formed by pairs of fundamental GSs in bandgap -1. Self-trapping and mobility of the solitons are studied too.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, Optics Express, in press
Damage spreading in 2-dimensional isotropic and anisotropic Bak-Sneppen models
Creators: name: Bakar, Burhan
name: Tirnakli, Ugur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We implement the damage spreading technique on 2-dimensional isotropic and anisotropic Bak-Sneppen models. Our extensive numerical simulations show that there exists a power-law sensitivity to the initial conditions at the statistically stationary state (self-organized critical state). Corresponding growth exponent $α$ for the Hamming distance and the dynamical exponent $z$ are calculated. These values allow us to observe a clear data collapse of the finite size scaling for both versions of the Bak-Sneppen model. Moreover, it is shown that the growth exponent of the distance in the isotropic and anisotropic Bak-Sneppen models is strongly affected by the choice of the transient time.
description: revised version, 9 pages, 5 eps figures, use of svjour.sty
The distance to the Orion Nebula
Creators: name: Menten, K. M.
name: Reid, M. J.
name: Forbrich, J.
name: Brunthaler, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used the Very Long Baseline Array to measure the trigonometric parallax of several member stars of the Orion Nebula Cluster showing non-thermal radio emission. We have determined the distance to the cluster to be 414 +/- 7 pc. Our distance determination allows for an improved calibration of luminosities and ages of young stars. We have also measured the proper motions of four cluster stars which, when accurate radial velocities are measured, will put strong constraints on the origin of the cluster.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Astronomy & Astrophyiscs
Recent star formation in nearby 3CR radio-galaxies from UV HST observations
Creators: name: Baldi, Ranieri D.
name: Capetti, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyzed HST images of 31 nearby (z
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
On the general action of boundary (super)string field theory
Creators: name: Ishida, Akira
name: Teraguchi, Shunsuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconstruct boundary superstring field theory via boundary states. After a minor modification of the fermionic two-form, all the equations needed for Batalin-Vilkovisky formulation are simply represented by closed string oscillators and the proof of gauge invariance is drastically simplified. The general form of the action of boundary superstring field theory is also obtained without any assumption and found to take exactly the same form as the bosonic one. As a special case of this action, we revisit the conjecture that the action is simply given by the disk partition function when matter and ghosts are completely decoupled.
description: 19 pages, minor corrections
title: Zeit, Geld, Infrastruktur? Vereinbarkeitspolitik für pflegende Angehörige
Creators: name: Leitner, Sigrid
name: Vukoman, Marina
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Arbeitszeitmodelle
subject: betriebliche Sozialpolitik
subject: Care
subject: Familie
subject: pflegende Angehörige
subject: Pflegezeit
subject: Vereinbarkeit
subject: ddc:300

description: Die demografische Entwicklung rückt zunehmend die Frage der Vereinbarkeit von Pflegeaufgaben und Beruf in den Blick. Die steigende Zahl pflegebedürftiger Personen und die Sorge um deren adäquate Versorgung sind eng mit der Debatte der Geschlechtergleichstellung verbunden. Aus einer gendertheoretischen Perspektive auf pflegende Angehörige geht es sowohl um das „Recht zu pflegen“ als auch um das „Recht, nicht zu pflegen“. Damit sind zentrale Fragen der arbeitsmarktpolitischen Gleichstellung von Männern und Frauen, der innerfamiliären Arbeitsteilung sowie der geschlechtergerechten Organisation von Pflegearbeit als gesamtgesellschaftliche Aufgabe berührt. Der Aufsatz analysiert, welche Maßnahmen und Angebote die Vereinbarkeit von Pflege und Beruf gut unterstützen können und welche Rolle der staatlichen und der betrieblichen Sozialpolitik jeweils zukommt.
Strings in Yang-Mills-Higgs theory coupled to gravity
Creators: name: Aldrovandi, L. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Abelian strings for an Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs theory are explicitly constructed. We consider N_f Higgs fields in the fundamental representation of the U(1)xSU(N_c) gauge group in order to have a color-flavor SU(N_c) group remaining unbroken. Choosing a suitable ansatz for the metric, Bogomol'nyi-like first order equations are found and rotationally symmetric solutions are proposed. In the N_f = N_c case, solutions are local strings and are shown to be truly non-Abelian by parameterizing them in terms of orientational collective coordinates. When N_f > N_c, the solutions correspond to semilocal strings which, beside the orientational degrees of freedom, acquire additional collective coordinates parameterizing their transverse size. The low-energy effective theories for the correspondent moduli are found, showing that all zero modes are normalizable in presence of gravity, even in the semilocal case.
description: 20 pages, no figure, modified version with new title, abstract and an additional section completing the study of effective theories. Physical Review D in press
title: Συγκριτική αξιολόγηση των ποιοτήτων σχεδιασμού του δημοσίου χώρου
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: A comparative study of design qualities of public space
Creators: name: Kanellopoulos, Panagiotis
Publisher: name: National Technological University of Athens
Year: 2025
Subjects: Αστικός σχεδιασμός
Δημόσιος χώρος
Συμμετοχικός σχεδιασμός
Μέθοδος δομικής ανάλυσης
Urban design
Public space
Mic-Mac analysis

description: Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο. Μεταπτυχιακή εργασία. Διεπιστημονικό - Διατμηματικό Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών (Δ.Π.Μ.Σ.) "Αρχιτεκτονική - Σχεδιασμός του Χώρου : Πολεοδομία - Χωροταξία (Κατ. Β')"
Enhancement of Intermediate-Field Two-Photon Absorption by Rationally-Shaped Femtosecond Pulses
Creators: name: Chuntonov, Lev
name: Rybak, Leonid
name: Gandman, Andrey
name: Amitay, Zohar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the powerful frequency-domain analysis of femtosecond two-photon absorption to the intermediate-field regime, which involves both two- and four-photon transitions. Consequently, we find a broad family of shaped pulses that enhance the absorption over the transform-limited pulse. It includes any spectral phase that is anti-symmetric around half the transition frequency. The spectrum is asymmetric around it. The theoretical framework and results for Na are verified experimentally. This work opens the door for rational femtosecond coherent control in a regime of considerable absorption yields.
High-gain DC-mode operated Gaseous Photomultipliers for the visible spectral range
Creators: name: Lyashenko, A.
name: Breskin, A.
name: Chechik, R.
name: Amaro, F. D.
name: Veloso, J.
name: Santos, J. M. F. Dos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We shortly describe recent progress in photon detectors combining bi-alkali photocathodes and cascaded patterned gas-avalanche electron multipliers. It permitted the development and the first feasibility demonstration of high-gain gaseous photomultipliers sensitive in the visible spectral range, operated in DC mode with single-photon sensitivity.
description: Proceedings to the 5th International Conference on New Developments In Photodetection 2008, Aix-les-Bains, France, June 15-20, 2008, submitted to NIMA
Parallel Pricing Algorithms for Multi--Dimensional Bermudan/American Options using Monte Carlo methods
Creators: name: Bossy, Mireille
name: Baude, Françoise
name: Doan, Viet Dung
name: Gaikwad, Abhijeet
name: Stokes-Rees, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we present two parallel Monte Carlo based algorithms for pricing multi--dimensional Bermudan/American options. First approach relies on computation of the optimal exercise boundary while the second relies on classification of continuation and exercise values. We also evaluate the performance of both the algorithms in a desktop grid environment. We show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches in a heterogeneous computing environment, and identify scalability constraints due to the algorithmic structure.
Cosmic Infrared Background from Early Epochs - Searching for Signatures of the First Stars
Creators: name: Kashlinsky, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic infrared background (CIB) contains emission from epochs inaccessible to current telescopic studies, such as the era of the first stars. We discuss theoretical expectations for the CIB contributions from the early population of massive stars. We then present the latest results from the ongoing project by our team (Kashlinsky, Arendt, Mather & Moseley 2005,2007a,b,c,) to measure CIB fluctuations from early epochs using deep Spitzer data. The results show the existence of significant CIB fluctuations at the IRAC wavelengths (3.6 to 8 mic) which remain after removing galaxies down to very faint levels. These fluctuations must arise from populations that have a significant clustering component, but only low levels of the shot noise. Furthermore, there are no correlations between the source-subtracted IRAC maps and the corresponding fields observed with the HST ACS at optical wavelengths. Taken together, these data imply that 1) the sources producing the CIB fluctuations are individually faint with flux < a few nJy at 3.6 and 4.5 mic; 2) are located within the first 0.7 Gyr (unless these fluctuations can somehow be produced by - so far unobserved - local galaxies of extremely low luminosity and with the unusual for local populations clustering pattern), 3) they produce contribution to the net CIB flux of at least 1-2 nW/m^2/sr at 3.6 and 4.5 mic and must have mass-to-light ratio significantly below the present-day populations, and 4) they have angular density of ~ a few per arcsec^2 and are in the confusion of the present day instruments, but can be individually observable with JWST.
description: To appear in "First Stars III", eds. B. O'Shea, A. Heger & T. Abel
Superconductivity at 2.2K in La3Ni4P4O2
Creators: name: Klimczuk, T.
name: McQueen, T. M.
name: Williams, A. J.
name: Huang, Q.
name: Ronning, F.
name: Bauer, E. D.
name: Thompson, J. D.
name: Green, M. A.
name: Cava, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the observation of superconductivity in La3Ni4P4O2 at 2.2 K. The layer stacking in this compound results in an asymmetric distribution of charge reservoir layers around the Ni2P2 planes. The estimated Wilson ratio, Rw ~ 5, indicates the presence of a strongly enhanced normal state susceptibility, but many of the basic superconducting characteristics are conventional. The estimated electronic contribution to the specific heat, gamma ~ 6.2 mJ mol-Ni^-1K^-2, is about 2/3 of that found in layered nickel borocarbide superconductors.
description: Updated to reflect final version. Added journal reference
Nature of Structural Transformations in the B2O3 Glass under High Pressure
Creators: name: Brazhkin, V. V.
name: Katayama, Y.
name: Trachenko, K.
name: Tsiok, O. B.
name: Lyapin, A. G.
name: Artacho, Emilio
name: Dove, M.
name: Ferlat, G.
name: Inamura, Y.
name: Saitoh, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of the X-ray diffraction study of B2O3 glass in the pressure interval up to 10 GPa in the 300-700 K temperature range, the results of in-situ volumetric measurements of the glass at pressures up to 9 GPa at room temperature, and first-principles simulations data at pressures up to 250GPa. The behavior of B2O3 glass under pressure can be described as two broad pressure-overlapping transitions. The first transition starts at P > 1 GPa and proceeds without any changes in thecoordination number of the boron atoms; the other one starts at P > 5 GPa and is accompanied by a gradual increase of coordination number. The second transition is completely reversible; the residual densification of the B2O3 glass after decompression is associated with the incomplete reversibility of the first transformation. The fraction of boron atoms transferred to the 4-coordination state in the glass at P < 10 GPa is much smaller than was assumed from indirect experimental data [4], but is considerably larger (by tens of times) than was previously suggested by the classical molecular dynamics simulations [5,6]. The observed transformations under both compression and decompression are quite broad, contrary to the assumption in Ref. [7]. On the basis of ab-initio results, we also predict the one more transformation under higher pressures to a super-dense phase, in which B atoms become 5- and 6-fold coordinated.
Are diplomatic assurances adequate safeguards of human rights? : an examination of their protection against the death penalty and ill-treatment
Creators: name: Massarsch, Anna
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2007
Subjects: death penalty
diplomatic immunity
international law
international relations
medical ethics
protection

description: Second semester University: National University of Ireland, Galway.
description: The objective of the thesis is to examine the practical application and consequences of diplomatic assurances when applied to the death penalty or ill-treatment. The international judicial cooperation regarding inter-State transfers of individuals is described. An important change of procedures of transferring individuals suspected of terrorism has taken place in the wake of the attacks on 11 September 2001. The emergence of diplomatic assurances and their use in practice are presented in the context of the death penalty and ill-treatment. Diplomatic assurances against the death penalty are widely used and generally accepted, providing adequate safeguards against the implementation of the penalty. However, a careful review of the practice of diplomatic assurances against ill-treatment has proven to be less encouraging. Diplomatic assurances against ill-treatment are usually sought from States with a demonstrated record of illtreatment. While diplomatic assurances constitute a transparent procedure for protection against the death penalty, this is not the case when ill-treatment is concerned as such conduct usually is carried out in secrecy and by organisations outside the control of the Government which has provided the assurances. Therefore, many international experts have come to the conclusion that the practice of diplomatic assurances against illtreatment should be rejected rather than regulated.
Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph Observations of Magellanic Cloud Planetary Nebulae: the nature of dust in low metallicity circumstellar ejecta
Creators: name: Stanghellini, L.
name: Garcia-Lario, P.
name: Garcia-Hernandez, D. A.
name: Perea-Calderon, J. V.
name: Davies, J. E.
name: Manchado, A.
name: Villaver, E.
name: Shaw, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 5 - 40 micron spectroscopy of 41 planetary nebulae (PNe) in the Magellanic Clouds, observed with the Infrared Spectrograph on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. The spectra show the presence of a combination of nebular emission lines and solid-state features from dust, superimposed on the thermal IR continuum. By analyzing the 25 LMC and 16 SMC PNe in our sample we found that the IR spectra of 14 LMC and 4 SMC PNe are dominated by nebular emission lines, while the other spectra show solid-state features. We observed that the solid-state features are compatible with carbon-rich dust grains (SiC, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), etc.) in most cases, except in three PNe showing oxygen-rich dust features. The frequency of carbonaceous dust features is generally higher in LMC than in SMC PNe. The spectral analysis allowed the correlations of the dust characteristics with the gas composition and morphology, and the properties of the central stars. We found that: 1) all PNe with carbonaceous dust features have C/O>1, none of these being bipolar or otherwise highly asymmetric; 2) all PNe with oxygen-rich dust features have C/O<1, with probable high mass progenitors if derived from single-star evolution (these PNe are either bipolar or highly asymmetric); 3) the dust temperature tracks the nebular and stellar evolution; and 4) the dust production efficiency depends on metallicity, with low metallicity environments not favoring dust production.
description: The Astrophysical Journal, in press
Quantum algorithm design using dynamic learning
Creators: name: Behrman, E. C.
name: Steck, J. E.
name: Kumar, P.
name: Walsh, K. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a dynamic learning paradigm for "programming" a general quantum computer. A learning algorithm is used to find the control parameters for a coupled qubit system, such that the system at an initial time evolves to a state in which a given measurement corresponds to the desired operation. This can be thought of as a quantum neural network. We first apply the method to a system of two coupled superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), and demonstrate learning of both the classical gates XOR and XNOR. Training of the phase produces a gate congruent to the CNOT modulo a phase shift. Striking out for somewhat more interesting territory, we attempt learning of an entanglement witness for a two qubit system. Simulation shows a reasonably successful mapping of the entanglement at the initial time onto the correlation function at the final time for both pure and mixed states. For pure states this mapping requires knowledge of the phase relation between the two parts; however, given that knowledge, this method can be used to measure the entanglement of an otherwise unknown state. The method is easily extended to multiple qubits or to quNits.
Bosonic amplification of noise-induced suppression of phase diffusion
Creators: name: Khodorkovsky, Y.
name: Kurizki, G.
name: Vardi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of noise-induced dephasing on collisional phase-diffusion in the two-site Bose-Hubbard model. Dephasing of the quasi-momentum modes may slow down phase-diffusion in the quantum Zeno limit. Remarkably, the degree of suppression is enhanced by a bosonic factor of order $N/\log{N}$ as the particle number $N$ increases.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
title: Geschlecht in der Public-Health-Forschung zu gesundheitlichen Ungleichheiten: Potenziale und Begrenzungen des Intersektionalitätsansatzes
Creators: name: Bolte, Gabriele
name: Lahn, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Gender
subject: Geschlecht
subject: Intersektionalität
subject: quantitative Methoden
subject: Sex
subject: Soziale Ungleichheit
subject: Sozialepidemiologie
subject: ddc:300

description: Soziale und geschlechtsbezogene Ungleichheiten bei Gesundheit stellen eine Herausforderung für die Public-Health-Forschung hinsichtlich der Identifikation ihrer Ursachen und der Entwicklung wirksamer Interventionsmaßnahmen dar. Aktuelle konzeptionelle Arbeiten zu Geschlecht in der epidemiologischen Gesundheitsforschung betonen die Komplexität, Verwobenheit und wechselseitige Beeinflussung der Dimensionen Sex und Gender. Intersektionalität als Forschungsperspektive berücksichtigt Machtverhältnisse sowie die kulturellen, historischen und politischen Kontexte von Geschlechter- und sozialen Ungleichheiten. Der Beitrag hat zum Ziel, konzeptionelle und methodische Anknüpfungsmöglichkeiten einer Intersektionalitätsperspektive an die epidemiologische, quantitative Forschung zur Erfassung und Erklärung von geschlechtsbezogenen gesundheitlichen Ungleichheiten aufzuzeigen. Es werden einerseits Potenziale zur Verbesserung der Aussagekraft von Forschung zu gesundheitlichen Ungleichheiten dargestellt. Andererseits werden Begrenzungen und aktuelle Herausforderungen für die Verwendung und Interpretation von Begriffen und Konzepten, die Kategorisierung sozialer Merkmale und die Umsetzung in multivariablen statistischen Analysen diskutiert.
The dyon charge in noncommutative gauge theories
Creators: name: Cieri, L.
name: Schaposnik, F. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an explicit classical dyon solution for the noncommutative version of the Yang-Mills-Higgs model (in the Prasad-Sommerfield limit) with a tehta term. We show that the relation between classical electric and magnetic charges also holds in noncommutative space. Extending the Noether approach to the case of a noncommutative gauge theory, we analyze the effect of CP violation at the quantum level, induced both by the theta term and by noncommutativity and we prove that the Witten effect formula for the dyon charge remains the same as in ordinary space.
description: 17 pages
Large Language Model Displays Emergent Ability to Interpret Novel Literary Metaphors
Creators: name: Ichien, Nicholas
name: Stamenković, Dušan
name: Holyoak, Keith J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology

description: Despite the exceptional performance of large language models (LLMs) on a wide range of tasks involving natural language processing and reasoning, there has been sharp disagreement as to whether their abilities extend to more creative human abilities. A core example is the interpretation of novel metaphors. Here we assessed the ability of GPT-4, a state-of-the-art large language model, to provide natural-language interpretations of a recent AI benchmark (Fig-QA dataset), novel literary metaphors drawn from Serbian poetry and translated into English, and entire novel English poems. GPT-4 outperformed previous AI models on the Fig-QA dataset. For metaphors drawn from Serbian poetry, human judges – blind to the fact that an AI model was involved – rated metaphor interpretations generated by GPT-4 as superior to those provided by a group of college students. In interpreting reversed metaphors, GPT-4, as well as humans, exhibited signs of sensitivity to the Gricean cooperative principle. In addition, for several novel English poems GPT-4 produced interpretations that were rated as excellent or good by a human literary critic. These results indicate that LLMs such as GPT-4 have acquired an emergent ability to interpret literary metaphors, including those embedded in novel poems.
Enhancing protein-drug binding prediction
Creators: name: van Dijk, Marc
name: Engler, Martin S.
name: Bakhshi, Rena
name: Veen, Lourens E.
name: Klau, Gunnar W.
name: Geerke, Daan P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016

description: Poster presented at the National eScience Symposium 2016.
Skeleton-Graph: Long-Term 3D Motion Prediction From 2D Observations Using Deep Spatio-Temporal Graph CNNs
Creators: name: Mohamed, Abduallah
name: Chen, Huancheng
name: Wang, Zhangyang
name: Claudel, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Several applications such as autonomous driving, augmented reality and virtual reality require a precise prediction of the 3D human pose. Recently, a new problem was introduced in the field to predict the 3D human poses from observed 2D poses. We propose Skeleton-Graph, a deep spatio-temporal graph CNN model that predicts the future 3D skeleton poses in a single pass from the 2D ones. Unlike prior works, Skeleton-Graph focuses on modeling the interaction between the skeleton joints by exploiting their spatial configuration. This is being achieved by formulating the problem as a graph structure while learning a suitable graph adjacency kernel. By the design, Skeleton-Graph predicts the future 3D poses without divergence in the long-term, unlike prior works. We also introduce a new metric that measures the divergence of predictions in the long term. Our results show an FDE improvement of at least 27% and an ADE of 4% on both the GTA-IM and PROX datasets respectively in comparison with prior works. Also, we are 88% and 93% less divergence on the long-term motion prediction in comparison with prior works on both GTA-IM and PROX datasets. Code is available at https://github.com/abduallahmohamed/Skeleton-Graph.git
description: To appear in the The ROAD Challenge: Event Detection for Situation Awareness in Autonomous Driving ICCV 2021 Workshop
Engineering education and soft skills in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Africa
Creators: name: Fomunyam, Dr. Kehdinga George
Publisher: name: Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT)
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is impacting engineering education (EE) in diverse with several changes from the effects of the previous three industrial revolutions. Remarkable industrialization has been recorded in the fourth industrial revolution. However, certain skill gaps has been identified missing in engineering courses and curriculum as employers seek skills development aligned with the fourth industrial revolution (4IR). This paper was guided by Lifelong Learning Theory which explain that the paradigm shift from the first three industrial revolutions to 4IR has led to EE transformation of acquiring not only technical skills but also soft skills. This has led to critical EE curriculum review to extrapolate its impacts of soft skills on 4IR emerging workforce. This paper takes a broad look at the EE and soft skills in the era of 4IR in Africa, while examining the EE in previous revolutions and, exploring the impacts and implications of soft skills on EE. The possibilities of adequate investments in EE and soft skills programmes becomes an imperative to address skill gaps and prepare engineering graduate students for future work. The importance of soft skills, values, and improvement of soft skills in engineering education in 4IR era are discussed among others. Thus, to address soft skills gaps in EE, industrial cooperation and educational partnership is significant to centre on EE curriculum future-oriented skills development to consolidate with 4IR workforce demands. A number of policy recommendations for 4IR compatibility with EE polices are made.