cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Rejecting proposed dense-matter equations of state with quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries
Creators: name: Guillot, Sebastien
name: Rutledge, Robert E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrons stars are unique laboratories to discriminate between the various proposed equations of state of matter at and above nuclear density. One sub-class of neutron stars - those inside quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries (qLMXBs) - produce a thermal surface emission from which the neutron star radius (R_NS) can be measured, using the widely accepted observational scenario for qLMXBs, assuming unmagnetized H atmospheres. In a combined spectral analysis, this work first reproduces a previously published measurement of the \rns, assumed to be the same for all neutron stars, using a slightly expanded data set. The radius measured is R_NS = 9.4 +/-1.2 km. On the basis of spectral analysis alone, this measured value is not affected by imposing an assumption of causality in the core. However, the assumptions underlying this R_NS measurement would be falsified by the observation of any neutron star with a mass >2.6 Msun, since radii <11 km would be rejected if causality is assumed, which would exclude most of the R_NS parameter space obtained in this analysis. Finally, this work directly tests a selection of dense matter equations of states: WFF1, AP4, MPA1, PAL1, MS0, and three versions of equations of state produced through chiral effective theory. Two of those, MSO and PAL1, are rejected at the 99% confidence level, accounting for all quantifiable uncertainties, while the other cannot be excluded at >99% certainty.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. Accepted in ApJL. New figures added!
U(1) mixing and D-brane linear equivalence
Creators: name: Marchesano, Fernando
name: Regalado, Diego
name: Zoccarato, Gianluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Linear equivalence is a criterion that compares submanifolds in the same homology class. We show that, in the context of type II compactifications with D-branes, this concept translates to the kinetic mixing between U(1) gauge symmetries arising in the open and closed string sectors. We argue that in generic D-brane models such mixing is experimentally detectable through the existence of milli-charged particles. We compute these gauge kinetic functions by classifying the 4d monopoles of a compactification and analyzing the Witten effect on them, finding agreement with previous results and extending them to more general setups. In particular, we compute the gauge kinetic functions mixing bulk and magnetized D-brane U(1)'s and derive a generalization of linear equivalence for these objects. Finally, we apply our findings to F-theory SU(5) models with hypercharge flux breaking.
description: 43 pages+appendices, 1 figure; v2: typos corrected and references added
Aurore e tempeste su Giove, immortalate da Webb
Creators: Valentina Guglielmo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Immagini infrarosse in tre filtri dallo strumento NirCam a bordo del James Webb Space Telescope regalano nuove viste del pianeta più grande del Sistema solare. Aurore, tempeste, venti e nubi su Giove, circondato dai suoi anelli e da due suoi piccoli satelliti, Amalthea e Adrastea
Medium-heavy nuclei from nucleon-nucleon interactions in lattice QCD
Creators: name: Inoue, Takashi
name: Aoki, Sinya
name: Charron, Bruno
name: Doi, Takumi
name: Hatsuda, Tetsuo
name: Ikeda, Yoichi
name: Ishii, Noriyoshi
name: Murano, Keiko
name: Nemura, Hidekatsu
name: Sasaki, Kenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock method with the nucleon-nucleon forces obtained from lattice QCD simulations, the properties of the medium-heavy doubly-magic nuclei such as 16^O and 40^Ca are investigated. We found that those nuclei are bound for the pseudo-scalar meson mass M_PS ~ 470 MeV. The mass number dependence of the binding energies, single-particle spectra and density distributions are qualitatively consistent with those expected from empirical data at the physical point, although these hypothetical nuclei at heavy quark mass have smaller binding energies than the real nuclei.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, published in Physical Review C as a Rapid Communication
Implementation of suicide bereavement support: a scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Reifels, Lennart
name: Tescha Nicholls
name: Andriessen, Karl
name: Krysinska, Karolina
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Mental and Social Health
subject: Suicide bereavement
subject: Support service implementation

description: This is the registration of a scoping review protocol. This scoping review aims to examine how supports and services for people bereaved by suicide have been implemented; how implementation has been evaluated; and what the outcomes are of the evaluations. It will be guided by the methodological framework by Arksey and O’Malley. There are no prior registrations.
Nubi di bosoni ultraleggeri all’orizzonte degli eventi
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Misurare la frequenza dei flares prodotti dagli eventi di distruzione mareale per ricavarne gli spin dei buchi neri supermassicci e, da questi, la massa di nuove particelle ipotetiche ancora non previste dal modello standard: è quanto propone un nuovo metodo che potrebbe aiutare a far luce sulla natura della materia oscura. Ne parliamo con una delle autrici dello studio pubblicato su Nature Communications, Rosalba Perna della Stony Brook University
Development and Initial Testing of the Stroke Rapid-Treatment Readiness Tool
Creators: name: Peterson, Eric D.
name: Fonarow, Gregg C.
name: Lin, Cheryl B.
name: Constable, Mark
name: Zimmer, Louise O.
name: Olson, DaiWai M.
name: Britz, Gavin W.
name: Schwamm, Lee H.
name: Cox, Margueritte
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: ABSTRACTNo instruments are currently available to help health systems identify target areas for reducing door-to-needle times for the administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator to eligible patients with ischemic stroke. A 67-item Likert-scale survey was administered by telephone to stroke personnel at 252 U.S. hospitals participating in the “Get With The Guidelines-Stroke” quality improvement program. Factor analysis was used to refine the instrument to a four-factor 29-item instrument that can be used by hospitals to assess their readiness to administer intravenous tissue plasminogen activator within 60 minutes of patient hospital arrival.
Some projective distance inequalities for simplices in complex projective space
Creators: name: Fincher, Mark
name: Olney, Heather
name: Cherry, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 51N15 (32Q45)

description: We prove inequalities relating the absolute value of the determinant of n+1 linearly independent unit vectors in an n+1 dimensional complex vector space and the projective distances from the vertices to the hyperplanes containing the opposite faces of the simplices in complex projective n-space whose vertices or faces are determined by the given vectors.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure, a few minor typos corrected in version 2
Phenomenological implications of the new Littlest Higgs model with T-parity
Creators: name: Illana, José Ignacio
name: Pérez-Poyatos, José María
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the parameter space of the new Littlest Higgs model with T-parity (NLHT) recently introduced to cure some pathologies of the original LHT. The model requires extra fermion content and additional pseudo-Goldstone bosons. While the heavy top quark sector is similar, there are both T-odd and T-even heavy quarks and leptons with masses proportional to just two sets of Yukawa matrices in flavor space, one more than in the LHT. The new scalars are a singlet and real triplet, T-odd, with masses controlled by gauge and Yukawa couplings, independent of the spontaneous symmetry breaking scale $f$, and hence potentially light. Imposing that no mass exceeds the cutoff scale, applying current lower bounds on vector-like quarks and assuming a simplified model with mass degenerate heavy fermions compatible with the heavy photon as dark matter constituent, we find that $f$ gets constrained within the interval between 2 and 3 TeV, the common Yukawa coupling of heavy leptons gets fixed and the Yukawa coupling of heavy quarks becomes greatly correlated to the top quark Yukawa couplings. The particle spectrum is then bounded from below and above, with the (lightest) heavy photon at about 0.5 TeV, not far from the heavy leptons, the new scalars below 1 TeV, the usual complex scalar triplet close to the heavy weak bosons at about 1.5 to 2.5 TeV, and the heavy quarks and top quark partners between 2 and 5 TeV. The new scalars decay predominantly to a standard and a T-odd lepton and have a width comparable to that of the Higgs.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. Improved discussion. Published version
The Influence of Interpersonal Relationships on Nurse Managers’ Work Engagement and Proactive Work Behavior
Creators: name: Warshawsky, Nora E.
name: Havens, Donna S.
name: Knafl, George
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: This study tested the effects of interpersonal relationships on nurse managers' work engagement and proactive work behavior.
Detecting Figures and Part Labels in Patents: Competition-Based Development of Image Processing Algorithms
Creators: name: Riedl, Christoph
name: Zanibbi, Richard
name: Hearst, Marti A.
name: Zhu, Siyu
name: Menietti, Michael
name: Crusan, Jason
name: Metelsky, Ivan
name: Lakhani, Karim R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We report the findings of a month-long online competition in which participants developed algorithms for augmenting the digital version of patent documents published by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The goal was to detect figures and part labels in U.S. patent drawing pages. The challenge drew 232 teams of two, of which 70 teams (30%) submitted solutions. Collectively, teams submitted 1,797 solutions that were compiled on the competition servers. Participants reported spending an average of 63 hours developing their solutions, resulting in a total of 5,591 hours of development time. A manually labeled dataset of 306 patents was used for training, online system tests, and evaluation. The design and performance of the top-5 systems are presented, along with a system developed after the competition which illustrates that winning teams produced near state-of-the-art results under strict time and computation constraints. For the 1st place system, the harmonic mean of recall and precision (f-measure) was 88.57% for figure region detection, 78.81% for figure regions with correctly recognized figure titles, and 70.98% for part label detection and character recognition. Data and software from the competition are available through the online UCI Machine Learning repository to inspire follow-on work by the image processing community.
Artemis 1 a una settimana dal lancio
Creators: Guido Sbrogiò
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Dal nome della sorella del dio greco Apollo, Artemis 1 è la prima missione del programma spaziale che riporterà l’essere umano sulla Luna. In partenza il prossimo 29 agosto dal Kennedy Space Center, la navicella Orion uscirà dall'orbita terrestre grazie al nuovo razzo propulsore Space Launch System ed effettuerà un sorvolo ravvicinato della Luna prima di rientrare sulla Terra. Nel frattempo, la Nasa ha annunciato i 13 siti candidati per l'allunaggio di Artemis 3
Ad Libitum Choline Intake in Healthy Individuals Meets or Exceeds the Proposed Adequate Intake Level
Creators: name: Blanchard, Renee T.
name: Zeisel, Steven H.
name: Patel, Jayanti R.
name: Fischer, Leslie M.
name: Macintosh, Beth A.
name: Scearce, Julie A.
name: Mar, Mei-Heng
name: Busby, Marjorie G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Choline is an essential nutrient for humans that is used to synthesize membrane phospholipids and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Betaine, a metabolite of choline, functions as a methylgroup donor in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine, and is important for renal function. Accurate analysis of choline intake was previously not possible because the choline content of most foods was not known. Using new and recently published data on the concentrations of choline in common foods, we measured the choline content of diets consumed ad libitum by healthy adult volunteers housed in a clinical research center and compared these with estimates of choline intake derived from 3-d food records kept by subjects immediately before study enrollment. Mean choline intake in this subject population met or slightly exceeded the current Adequate Intake (AI) of 7 mg/(kg · d) set by the Institute of Medicine. Men and women consumed similar amounts of choline per day (8.4 and. 6.7 mg/kg, respectively; P = 0.11). Choline intakes estimated from the 3-d food records were significantly lower than this (when expressed as mg/kg, or as total mg, but not when normalized to energy intake), suggesting underreporting of food intake. Intake of betaine, which may spare choline utilization as a methylgroup donor, was 5.3 mg/(kg · d) in men and 4.7 mg/(kg · d) in women. Intake of folate, vitamin B-12, and methionine + cysteine, were similar and sufficient in all subjects. The current recommended AI for choline seems to be a good approximation of the actual intake of this nutrient.
Cianobatteri sulla Iss in avanscoperta per Marte
Creators: Rossella Spiga
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

All’esterno della Stazione spaziale fervono gli esperimenti su materiali e organismi esposti all’ambiente extraterrestre, in vista di viaggi spaziali di lungo raggio. L’esperimento europeo Biomex dimostra che la capacità di un particolare cianobatterio di riparare le lesioni del Dna non subisce variazioni significative dopo l'esposizione a condizioni spaziali estreme. Tutti i risultati nello studio pubblicato su Scientific Reports guidato dall'Università di Roma Tor Vergata.
GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, and GSTA1 Polymorphisms and Urinary Isothiocyanate Metabolites following Broccoli Consumption in Humans
Creators: name: Zeisel, Steven H.
name: Gammon, Marilie D.
name: Wall, Denise E.
name: Hebert, James R.
name: Steck, Susan E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Isothiocyanates (ITC) are potentially anticarcinogenic phytochemicals formed from the metabolism of glucosinolates and are found in cruciferous vegetables as well as a select number of other foods. ITC are both substrates for and inducers of glutathione S-transferase (GST) phase II metabolizing enzymes involved in carcinogen detoxification as well as effectors of phase I pathways. Previous studies report mixed results on the interaction between cruciferous vegetable intake, GST polymorphisms, and risk of cancer. We conducted a study of 114 healthy human subjects between 18 and 50 y of age to examine the biologic mechanism underlying the associations, specifically, to assess whether GST genotype is associated with urinary ITC metabolites following a known dose of broccoli. After 48 h of abstaining from all sources of glucosinolates, participants provided a blood sample, consumed 1 meal containing 2.5 g broccoli/kg body weight, and collected urine for 24 h. ITC metabolites were measured in the urine using a HPLC cyclocondensation assay. DNA was extracted from blood samples, and GSTM1 deletion, GSTT1 deletion, GSTP1 Ile105Val, and GSTA1*A/*B were genotyped by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight. A chi-square test was used to compare high and low ITC excretion levels across genotypes. ITC levels were regressed on genotype, adjusting for gender. There were no substantial differences in ITC levels among genotypes, either individually or in combination. Contrary to our hypothesis, a higher proportion of GSTM1 null individuals had high ITC excretion (62%) compared with the proportion of GSTM1 present with high ITC excretion (39%) (P = 0.03). These results are in agreement with another feeding study, and lend support to the idea of alternative routes of ITC metabolism.
Self-consistent elastic continuum theory of degenerate, equilibrium aperiodic solids
Creators: name: Bevzenko, Dmytro
name: Lubchenko, Vassiliy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the vibrational response of a glassy liquid at finite frequencies can be described by continuum mechanics despite the vast degeneracy of the vibrational ground state; standard continuum elasticity assumes a unique ground state. The effective elastic constants are determined by the bare elastic constants of individual free energy minima of the liquid, the magnitude of built-in stress, and temperature, analogously to how the dielectric response of a polar liquid is determined by the dipole moment of the constituent molecules and temperature. In contrast with the dielectric constant---which is enhanced by adding polar molecules to the system---the elastic constants are down-renormalized by the relaxation of the built-in stress. The renormalization flow of the elastic constants has three fixed points, two of which are trivial and correspond to the uniform liquid state and an infinitely compressible solid respectively. There is also a nontrivial fixed point at the Poisson ratio equal to 1/5, which corresponds to an isospin-like degeneracy between shear and uniform deformation. The present description predicts a discontinuous jump in the (finite frequency) shear modulus at the crossover from collisional to activated transport, consistent with the RFOT theory.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures, revised version, to appear in The Journal of Chemical Physics
IntereStyle: Encoding an Interest Region for Robust StyleGAN Inversion
Creators: name: Moon, Seungjun
name: Park, Gyeong-Moon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, manipulation of real-world images has been highly elaborated along with the development of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and corresponding encoders, which embed real-world images into the latent space. However, designing encoders of GAN still remains a challenging task due to the trade-off between distortion and perception. In this paper, we point out that the existing encoders try to lower the distortion not only on the interest region, e.g., human facial region but also on the uninterest region, e.g., background patterns and obstacles. However, most uninterest regions in real-world images are located at out-of-distribution (OOD), which are infeasible to be ideally reconstructed by generative models. Moreover, we empirically find that the uninterest region overlapped with the interest region can mangle the original feature of the interest region, e.g., a microphone overlapped with a facial region is inverted into the white beard. As a result, lowering the distortion of the whole image while maintaining the perceptual quality is very challenging. To overcome this trade-off, we propose a simple yet effective encoder training scheme, coined IntereStyle, which facilitates encoding by focusing on the interest region. IntereStyle steers the encoder to disentangle the encodings of the interest and uninterest regions. To this end, we filter the information of the uninterest region iteratively to regulate the negative impact of the uninterest region. We demonstrate that IntereStyle achieves both lower distortion and higher perceptual quality compared to the existing state-of-the-art encoders. Especially, our model robustly conserves features of the original images, which shows the robust image editing and style mixing results. We will release our code with the pre-trained model after the review.
An evaluation of a low-cost pole aerial photography (PAP) and structure from motion (SfM) approach for topographic surveying of small rivers
Creators: name: Visser, Fleur
name: Woodget, Amy
name: Skellern, Andy
name: Forsey, Jake
name: Warburton, Jeff
name: Johnson, Rich
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: To better understand fluvial forms and processes, geomorphologists have a need for high-resolution fluvial topographic surveys. Continuous data collection approaches such as airborne laser scanning (ALS), terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry provide methods to collect such data sets. Comparisons of SfM and laser-based approaches for topographic surveys have demonstrated site-specific benefits and drawbacks. Survey preference is largely dependent on specific project requirements, indicating a need for examples of best practice for different applications. This study demonstrates how pole aerial photography (PAP) provides specific advantages for SfM data collection when mapping the topography of small river corridors. Digital elevation models (DEMs) were created using three different surveying approaches for a 100-m reach of Coledale Beck, a small upland stream in Cumbria, United Kingdom. This included (a) imagery collected from a 5-m telescopic pole processed using SfM photogrammetry, (b) imagery collected using an unmanned aircraft system (UAS), also processed using SfM photogrammetry, and (c) point cloud data collected using a TLS. All three approaches produce DEMs of sufficient quality to enhance our understanding of fluvial forms and processes, with DEM/point cloud resolutions of 0.01 m for the close-range methods (TLS and PAP) and c. 0.02 m for the longer-range UAS method. Overall, TLS mean errors (0.123–0.135 m) are almost twice as large as the UAS and PAP (0.037–0.103 m) errors, and the standard deviation is approximately 25% higher. However, results vary significantly for different surface cover types (i.e. vegetated, exposed and submerged surfaces), with TLS outperforming the other approaches for exposed gravel surfaces. Data acquisition rates for the PAP approach are approximately half those of the two other methods (430 m2/hour versus 845 and 730 m2/hour for PAP, TLS, and UAS, respectively). When equipment costs and ease of use are taken into consideration, the PAP approach provides an effective way of collecting topographic data from small rivers.
Maternal Food Insecurity Is Associated with Increased Risk of Certain Birth Defects
Creators: name: Yang, Wei
name: Shaw, Gary M.
name: Herring, Amy
name: Carmichael, Suzan L.
name: Abrams, Barbara
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Food insecurity represents a lack of access to enough food to meet basic needs. We hypothesized that food insecurity may increase birth defect risks, because it is an indicator of increased stress or compromised nutrition, which are both implicated in birth defect etiologies. This study used population-based case-control data. Included in the analysis were 1,189 case mothers and 695 control mothers who were interviewed by telephone. We calculated a food insecurity score as the number of affirmative responses to 5 questions from a shortened instrument designed to measure food insecurity. OR for the food insecurity score specified as a linear term indicated that a higher score was associated with increased risk of cleft palate, d-transposition of the great arteries, tetralogy of Fallot, spina bifida, and anencephaly, but not with cleft lip with or without cleft palate, after adjustment for maternal race-ethnicity, education, BMI, intake of folic acid-containing supplements, dietary intake of folate and energy, neighborhood crime, and stressful life events. In addition, several models suggested effect modification by certain factors. For example, for anencephaly, among women with the worst score for neighborhood crime (i.e. 6), the OR associated with a 1-unit change in the food insecurity score was 1.57 (95% CI 1.06, 2.33), whereas among women with a low crime score (i.e. 2), the corresponding OR was 1.16 (95% CI 0.96, 1.38). This study suggests that increased risks of certain birth defects may be included among the negative consequences of food insecurity.
Electric field control of the indirect magnetic coupling through a short graphene nanoribbon
Creators: name: Szałowski, Karol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the paper we consider the system composed of two magnetic planes attached to zigzag terminations of the graphene nanostructure being an ultrashort fragment of the armchair nanoribbon. We investigate theoretically an indirect coupling between these magnetic planes mediated by charge carriers as a function of external in-plane electric field. The calculations are based on a tight-binding model supplemented with Hubbard term to account for coulombic interactions. For selected sizes of the graphene nanostructure, particularly high sensitivity of the coupling to the electric field is found. This leads to the possibility of control over coupling magnitude and continuous switching of its sign between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic one. Such a phenomenon is demonstrated in the numerical results and its origin is analysed. The robustness of this effect against armchair edge deformation and variation of exchange energy between magnetic planes and spins of charge carriers is discussed in detailed way.
Adiposity and Pathogen Exposure Predict C-Reactive Protein in Filipino Women
Creators: name: Kuzawa, Christopher
name: McDade, Thomas W.
name: Adair, Linda
name: Rutherford, Julienne N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Obesity and infectious agents are both sources of inflammatory stimuli that result in increased production of C-reactive protein (CRP). Rates of overweight and obesity are increasing globally, but for many populations, gains in body fat are set against a backdrop of high levels of pathogen exposure. Our primary objective was to evaluate the extent to which adiposity and pathogenicity contribute to a double burden of inflammation in a population currently undergoing the nutrition transition. Measures of adiposity, pathogen exposure, and infectious disease symptoms were evaluated as predictors of high-sensitivity CRP concentration in plasma samples from 1875 women participating in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey in the Philippines. Proxy measures of pathogen exposure included household crowding and cleanliness, quality of water source, mode of waste disposal, and fecal exposure. A series of maximum likelihood logistic regression models were used to predict a plasma CRP concentration > 3 mg/L. Waist circumference was the strongest anthropometric predictor of elevated CRP [odds ratio (OR) = 2.29; 95% CI = 2.00, 2.62; P < 0.001]. Presence of infectious disease symptoms (OR = 2.51; 95% CI = 1.84, 3.44; P < 0.001) and level of pathogen exposure (OR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.15, 2.12; P < 0.01) were also associated with elevated CRP. These associations were independent of socioeconomic status and other health behaviors. Overweight/obesity and infectious exposures are associated with elevated CRP in the Philippines; it is likely that other populations undergoing the nutrition transition are experiencing comparable double burdens of inflammatory stimuli. These results underscore the need for additional research on the contributions of pathogenicity, adiposity, and inflammation to global epidemics of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
Terra e Luna da una sinestia? Lo dicono i gas nobili
Creators: Guido Sbrogiò
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Nel mantello lunare le concentrazioni degli isotopi dell’elio e del neon sono le stesse di quelle presenti sulla Terra. Uno studio pubblicato su Science Advances, condotto da un team di ricercatori dell’Istituto di geochimica e petrologia dell’Eth di Zurigo, fornisce ulteriori prove sull’ipotesi che la Terra e la Luna abbiano avuto origine da un insieme comune di materia in seguito a una violenta collisione con un corpo celeste
A reconstruction theorem for Connes-Landi deformations of commutative spectral triples
Creators: name: Ćaćić, Branimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58B34 (Primary) 46L55, 46L65, 46L8, 81R60 (Secondary)

description: We formulate and prove an extension of Connes's reconstruction theorem for commutative spectral triples to so-called Connes-Landi or isospectral deformations of commutative spectral triples along the action of a compact Abelian Lie group $G$, also known as toric noncommutative manifolds. In particular, we propose an abstract definition for such spectral triples, where noncommutativity is entirely governed by a deformation parameter sitting in the second group cohomology of the Pontrjagin dual of $G$, and then show that such spectral triples are well-behaved under further Connes-Landi deformation, thereby allowing for both quantisation from and dequantisation to $G$-equivariant abstract commutative spectral triples. We then use a refinement of the Connes-Dubois-Violette splitting homomorphism to conclude that suitable Connes-Landi deformations of commutative spectral triples by a rational deformation parameter are almost-commutative in the general, topologically non-trivial sense.
description: AMS-LaTeX, 39 pp. V2: Comprehensive revision for greater concision and clarity; results are unchanged
L’anello fotonico di M87* messo a fuoco
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

L'immagine del buco nero supermassiccio al centro di M87 che gli scienziati hanno svelato nel 2019 ha rappresentato una pietra miliare, ma i ricercatori sono ora riusciti ad affinarla ulteriormente applicando nuove tecniche software per ricostruire i dati originali del 2017. La nuova immagine raffigura l'anello fotonico, composto da una serie di sottoanelli sempre più nitidi. Tutti i dettagli su ApJ
Radiation from Axion star-Neutron star binaries with a tilted rotation axis in the presence of plasma
Creators: name: Kyriazis, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the form of the radiation emitted by an axion star-neutron star binary using a $f(r)=\text{sech(r/R)}$ profile for the axion star. Our analysis takes into account the co-rotating plasma of the neutron star. We find that that there is significant enhancement to the radiated power if the neutron star's spin is tilted towards the plane of the axion star-neutron star orbit, compared to the case where it is perpendicular. We also examine whether the neutron star's co-rotating plasma can play a role in the emitted power and we find that even though dilute axion stars can in principle radiate more efficiently than dense axion stars, they will be pulled apart by the tidal forces of the neutron star
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Conditional nearest regularized subspace classifiers: a fast classification approach for HSI
Creators: name: Patro, Ram Narayan
name: Subudhi, Subhashree
name: Biswal, Pradyut Kumar
name: Dell’Acqua, Fabio
name: Sahoo, Harish Kumar
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Classification is an important problem in a large variety of applications, which makes it an open-ended forum for researchers in various disciplines. In this paper, the proposed two approaches are mostly focused on Nearest Regularized Subspace (NRS) classifier. The proposed pair of variants are: (1) reducing the computational complexity of NRS classifier termed as Conditional Fast Nearest Regularized Subspace (CFNRS) classifier and (2) incorporation of dissimilarity feature termed as Conditional Dissimilarity-based Nearest Regularized Subspace (CDNRS) classifier. Regarding the first approach, the simple k-NN classifier result is used as a condition to evaluate NRS classifier. Regarding the second approach, an intra-feature dissimilarity measure is considered to create a pair of dictionary which contains a conditional binary matrix and a dissimilarity feature matrix. Each conditional binary matrix is a collection of distinct sub-spaces representing their respective classes. The incoming data is classified with the help of a dictionary and classification performance is validated over other state-of-art approaches. As Hyper-Spectral (HS) data have a strong spectral correlation in terms of spectral signatures, various such HS data are included for validation of our approach. The experimental study reveals the pros and cons of different classifiers along with the effectiveness of our proposed approach. The proposed conditional classifier is found to be able to compete with other, standard classifiers in terms of accuracy and computational complexity, mostly where features possess some sort of sequence information. The suitability of the proposed classifier is also verified for both binary and multi-class classification problems. Along with the experimental validation, the statistical significance of the proposed conditional measure is assessed over other standard state-of-art methods, and the proposed one outperformed the others. The experimental results reveal the importance of dissimilarity features for classification and also suggest to incorporate a simple classifier such as k-NN, prior to any other classifier. This is mainly meant to reduce the computational complexity of the selected classifier without compromising the accuracy.
Optimal Cutoff Values for Overweight: Using Body Mass Index to Predict Incidence of Hypertension in 18- to 65-Year-Old Chinese Adults
Creators: name: He, Ka
name: Tuan, Nguyen T.
name: Popkin, Barry M.
name: Adair, Linda S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Studies aimed at identifying body mass index (BMI) cutoffs representing increased diseased risk for Asians are typically based on cross sectional studies. This study determines an optimal BMI cutoff for overweight that represents elevated incidence of hypertension in Chinese adults with data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2000–2004 prospective cohort. Cumulative incidence was calculated by dividing new cases of hypertension over the study period by the total at-risk population, aged 18–65 years, in 2000. Sex-specific receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of BMI as a predictor of hypertension incidence. Four-year cumulative incidences of hypertension (13% and 19% for women and men, respectively) were significantly (P < 0.005) related to the increase in BMI. The crude area under the curves (AUC) were 0.62 (95% CI: 0.59–0.65) and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.58–0.65) for men and women, respectively; the age-adjusted AUC were 0.68 (95% CI: 0.65–0.70) and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.68–0.74) for men and women, respectively. A BMI of 23.5 kg/m2 for women and 22.5 kg/m2 for men provided highest sensitivity and specificity (60%). The finding was consistent in different age groups. A BMI level of 25 kg/m2 provided lower sensitivities (36% for women and 29% for men) with higher specificities (80% for women and 85% for men). Our study supported the hypothesis that the BMI cutoff to define overweight should be lower in Chinese than in Western populations.
The Immune Response to Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis in Mice Is Modulated by Dietary Vitamin E
Creators: name: Beck, Melinda A.
name: Sheridan, Patricia A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) is the most common fatal sporadic encephalitis in humans. HSE is primarily caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 infection of the brain. HSE results in increased levels of oxidative stress, including the production of reactive oxygen species, free radicals, and neuroinflammation. The most biologically active form of vitamin E (VE) is α-tocopherol (α-TOC). In cellular membranes, α-TOC prevents lipid peroxidation by scavenging free radicals and functioning as an antioxidant. Supplementation with VE has been shown to decrease immunosenescence, improve immune function, and may be neuroprotective. To determine how VE deficiency and VE supplementation would alter the pathogenesis of HSE, we placed weanling male BALB/cByJ mice on VE-deficient (VE-D), VE-adequate (VE-A), or 10× VE-supplemented diets for 4 wk, and then infected the mice intranasally with HSV-1. VE-D mice had more severe symptoms of encephalitis than VE-A mice, including weight loss, keratitis, hunched posture, and morbidity. VE-D mice had increased cytokine and chemokine expression in the brain and increased viral titers. In contrast, VE supplementation failed to decrease cytokine production and had no effect on viral titer. We demonstrated that adequate levels of VE are important in limiting HSE pathology and that 10× supplementation does not enhance protection.
Assessment of cloudiness for use in environmental marine research
Creators: name: Paszkuta, Marcin
name: Zapadka, Tomasz
name: Krężel, Adam
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: Space Science
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: A very simple algorithm with which to assess cloudiness over the Baltic Sea has been developed. The algorithm involves analysis of cloud longwave emissivity, supplemented with available information on shortwave emissions. The simple classification method is based on the split-window technique and compares a signal recorded in the neighbouring spectral bands with results of cloud-free atmosphere modelling. The algorithm was tested using data from the SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager) satellite radiometer, but the method can be easily implemented for other data sources. Compatibility with instant shipborne radiation measurements was obtained. The effectiveness of the comparison was determined from the Hanssen–Kuiper score. The CM SAF (Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring) data comparison shows that the system correctly classified areas in 88%, the satellite map accuracy was 46% with a 54% overvaluation error. The accuracy of the detection system was 44%, and the underestimation error was 56%. The comparison of modelling results showed 71% of correctly classified areas, the accuracy of the satellite map was 35%, and the repricing error was 65%. The accuracy of the detection system was 36%, and the underestimation error was 64%. The concordance of satellite measurements (Cohen’s kappa coefficient) was at a level of 98% and 99% between the satellite and model. Statistically, the analysis is based on the results of measurements for the Baltic Sea basin in 2015. The obtained data on the monthly cloudiness was compared with the operational, model and lidar data. A difference between the solution proposed and the approaches derived from prognostic models is demonstrated. The regional scale solution is shown to be a better representation of the true state of the atmosphere, compared to global-scale models. The results obtained show cloudiness assessments to differ depending on the model applied (CM SAF, UMPL – Unifed Model for Poland). The average annual cloudiness of the Baltic Sea is around 58.5%. It is a repeatable value by other solutions based on various methods and sources (MODIS – Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), including lidar ones (CALIPSO – Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation). In addition, a potential for applying the regional cloudiness assessment to estimate the top-down components of the radiation budget is illustrated.
Inclusive approaches for measuring demographics of underrepresented populations in STEM and biomedical research training programs
Creators: name: Paris, Stephanie
name: Dinno, Alexis
name: Marr, Mollie C.
name: Link, Aaron Raz
name: Lentz, Brandy L.
name: Setthavongsack, Angie
name: Espinosa, Shanthia N.
name: Downing, Jae M.
name: Alvord, Teala W.
name: Nguyen, Phuc T.
name: Richardson, Dawn M.
name: Marriott, Lisa K.
Publisher: name: Oregon Health and Science University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Diversity, Equity, Inclusion
subject: Workforce
subject: Intersectional Framework
subject: Sexuality
subject: Students
subject: Health sciences education
subject: Educational research methods and models

description: Increasing diversity within the biomedical workforce has been prioritized by federal strategic plans. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) expanded their definition of underrepresented populations in biomedical science (NOT-OD-20-031), though without expanded reporting requirements and guidance, training programs remain challenged to accurately measure and evaluate diversity. Using inclusive demographic measures may help identify key demographic groups facing barriers to participation and retention in STEM programs and the biomedical workforce. This study examined ways to measure demographic variables used in scientific literature and by research stakeholders.
Fish Oil-Fed Mice Have Impaired Resistance to Influenza Infection
Creators: name: Beck, Melinda A.
name: Karlsson, Erik A.
name: Shi, Qing
name: Schwerbrock, Nicole M. J.
name: Sheridan, Patricia A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Dietary fish oils, rich in (n-3) PUFA, including eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, have been shown to have antiinflammatory properties. Although the antiinflammatory properties of fish oil may be beneficial during a chronic inflammatory illness, the same antiinflammatory properties can suppress the inflammatory responses necessary to combat acute viral infection. Given that (n-3) fatty acid-rich fish oil supplementation is on the rise and with the increasing threat of an influenza pandemic, we tested the effect of fish oil feeding for 2 wk on the immune response to influenza virus infection. Male C57BL/6 mice fed either a menhaden fish oil/corn oil diet (4 g fish oil:1 g corn oil, wt:wt at 5 g/100 g diet) or a control corn oil diet were infected with influenza A/PuertoRico/8/34 and analyzed for lung pathology and immune function. Although fish oil-fed mice had lower lung inflammation compared with controls, fish oil feeding also resulted in a 40% higher mortality rate, a 70% higher lung viral load at d 7 post infection, and a prolonged recovery period following infection. Although splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity was suppressed in fish oil-fed mice, lung NK activity was not affected. Additionally, lungs of infected fish oil-fed mice had significantly fewer CD8+ T cells and decreased mRNA expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1-α, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6. These results suggest that the antiinflammatory properties of fish oil feeding can alter the immune response to influenza infection, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality.
Croste planetarie porose? Ad ararle sono gli impatti
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2022

Le collisioni con comete e asteroidi influenzano la porosità e la struttura di lune e pianeti in modo più esteso e profondo di quanto sospettassero gli scienziati, aumentando la loro potenziale capacità di ospitare la vita. È la conclusione alla quale è giunto un team guidato dalla Purdue University grazie a nuove simulazioni e ai dati raccolti dalla missione Grail della Nasa
Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase 1 Is Essential for the Immune Response to Infection with Coxsackievirus B3 in Mice
Creators: name: Wang, Shuli
name: Shi, Qing
name: Karlsson, Erik A.
name: Coleman, Rosalind A.
name: Beck, Melinda A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Livers and hearts from mice deficient in glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 (GPAT1; Gpat1−/−) have a decreased content of glycerolipid intermediates and triacylglycerol, an altered composition of liver phospholipids, and elevated markers of oxidative stress. Compared with control C57BL/6 mice, infection of Gpat1−/− mice with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) resulted in higher mortality, an ∼50% increase in heart pathology, a significant increase in liver viral titers, and a 100-fold increase in heart viral titers. Moreover, heart mRNA levels for proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1B were increased in the Gpat1−/− mice. Loss of Gpat1 also resulted in dysregulation of specific immune cells. Splenic dendritic cells from Gpat1−/− mice were fully capable of stimulating T cells from control mice; however, splenic T cells from Gpat1−/− mice were defective in their response to CVB3 antigen. Our data indicate that a lack of GPAT1 activity affects both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. Innate mechanisms may be affected by altered membrane composition or host redox status, whereas the adaptive response may require GPAT1 activity itself.