cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sub-Band Knowledge Distillation Framework for Speech Enhancement
Creators: name: Hao, Xiang
name: Wen, Shixue
name: Su, Xiangdong
name: Liu, Yun
name: Gao, Guanglai
name: Li, Xiaofei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In single-channel speech enhancement, methods based on full-band spectral features have been widely studied. However, only a few methods pay attention to non-full-band spectral features. In this paper, we explore a knowledge distillation framework based on sub-band spectral mapping for single-channel speech enhancement. Specifically, we divide the full frequency band into multiple sub-bands and pre-train an elite-level sub-band enhancement model (teacher model) for each sub-band. These teacher models are dedicated to processing their own sub-bands. Next, under the teacher models' guidance, we train a general sub-band enhancement model (student model) that works for all sub-bands. Without increasing the number of model parameters and computational complexity, the student model's performance is further improved. To evaluate our proposed method, we conducted a large number of experiments on an open-source data set. The final experimental results show that the guidance from the elite-level teacher models dramatically improves the student model's performance, which exceeds the full-band model by employing fewer parameters.
description: Published in Interspeech 2020
False aims in I.T.O. Daft Charter
Creators: name: COPPOLA D'ANNA, F.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: International Trade Organisation, Draft Chapter, Havana
subject: F13

description: The article provides some critical views on the Draft Chapter of the International Trade Organisation (I.T.O.), which is now to be ratified by the World Conference at Havana. The author particularly emphasises the “false aims” which, in his opinion, obscure what should be the real and fundamental aim of the I.T.O. and threatens to complicate its functioning by an orientation not in accordance with historical reality. From this aspect, he considers the greater part of the regulations contained in the Draft Chapter as superfluous, while, on the other hand, he complains that the functions of the conciliation and organisation which the I.T.O. is called upon to fulfil are not adequately covered. In conclusion, the author touches on the delicate problem that the I.T.O. - in its proposed form - might develop into a superstate planned economy, arbitrary and irresponsible, with serious results for countries that are economically weak in the post-war world. JEL: F13
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 1, N. 3 (1947)
Light Vector Mesons from dAu in PHENIX
Creators: name: Seto, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A first measurement of the e+e-decay rate of phi mesons in dAu collisions from the PHENIX detector at RHIC and its comparison to the K+K- decay channel is described. The comparison of the two decay channels can be sensitive to chiral symmetry restoration.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, contribution to the proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (Quark Matter 2004)
title: The formation of teaching identities among novice social science seminar tutors: A longitudinal study at the London School of Economics and Political Science
Creators: name: Mclean, Neil Duncan
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2014

description: Research into academic identities has predominantly identified how social structures influence and constrain the agency of those involved in academic work (McLean, 2012). This reflects the predominantly sociological underpinnings of this research area (Clegg,200S). This study introduces psychological theory on identity formation to offer a complementary focus on individual agency and personal meaning making. This longitudinal case study investigates how five novice social science graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) formed identities as academic teachers during their first two years inservice. These tutors participated in the London School of Economics' Postgraduate Certificate in Higher Education (PGCertHE) during these two years. Changing identity positioning over time (Wetherell, 2001) was captured in tutors' writing using discourse analysis developed in the Discursive Psychological tradition (Edley, 2001). The findings of this study offer insight into academic identity formation. However, this study also contributes to research into the impact that participation on developmental courses, such as the LSE PGCertHE, can have on aspiring faculty as academic teachers. Impact has been assessed through pre- and post-testing (Gibbs & Coffey, 2004; Hanbury, Prosser, & Rickinson, 2008; Postareff, Lindblom-Ylanne, & Nevgi, 2007) and case studies (Butcher & Stoncel, 2012; Ho, Watkins, & Kelly, 2001). These studies have found impacts in terms of increased student focus and self-efficacy (Stes, Min-Leliveld, Gijbels, & Van Petegem, 2010). This study presents complementary findings. However, the longitudinal design offers an account of how the change identified in the larger, survey-ba~ed studies can come about. This shifting positioning is presented here in terms of initial 'idealism' becoming 'realism' with experience, but then leading to 'independence' as tutors developed 'pedagogic content knowledge' (Shulman, 1987).
title: The Bull and the Red Van: Pakistani-heritage young people in a small city explore the influences upon their educational progress
Creators: name: Davies, Alison
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2014

description: This study is about the influences underlying the inequalities in educational progress experienced by Pakistani-heritage pupils in the small city of 'Newminster'. The literature offers a wealth of explanations for the persistent inequalities in attainment among different minority-ethnic groups, from which the voices of the pupils themselves are almost entirely absent. In this study, young people offer their own, often competing, explanations of distinctive aspects within the GCSE attainment data, including their rapid progress over the previous decade and the small gap in attainment between those eligible for free school meals and their peers. The principal sources of data are extended discussions with groups of Pakistani-heritage young people supplemented by interviews with parents, and a formal survey conducted by the young people among their black and minority ethnic peers. In analysing the variety of data generated by this mixed approach, the study draws up,.on the analytical framework of Bourdieu, in particular, the concept of 'habitus'. The study engages with the methodological dilemmas of a white researcher conducting research with a community to which she is an 'invited outsider', and the broader challenges of attempting 'participatory' research. The findings indicate that the Pakistani-heritage young people in the study have a strong sense of habitus that they contend has a positive influence on their educational progress. At the same time, they are actively engaged in habitus transformation. This process drives their educational aspirations but involves personal cost, dilemmas and encounters with barriers constructed by the wider education system. Their insights support a call for further consultation with marginalized young people over issues relating to their own educational progress.
Polaritonic normal modes in Transition State Theory
Creators: name: Campos-Gonzalez-Angulo, Jorge A.
name: Yuen-Zhou, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A series of experiments demonstrate that strong light-matter coupling between vibrational excitations in isotropic solutions of molecules and resonant infrared optical microcavity modes leads to modified thermally-activated kinetics. However, Feist and coworkers [\emph{Phys. Rev. X.}, \textbf{9}, 021057(2019)] have recently demonstrated that, within transition state theory, the effects of strong light-matter coupling with reactive modes are electrostatic and essentially independent of light-matter resonance or even of the formation of vibrational polaritons. To analyze this puzzling theoretical result in further detail, we revisit it under a new light, invoking a normal mode analysis of the transition state and reactant configurations for an ensemble of an arbitrary number of molecules in a cavity, obtaining simple analytical expressions that produce similar conclusions as Feist. While these effects become relevant in optical microcavities if the molecular dipoles are anisotropically aligned, or in cavities with extreme confinement of the photon modes, they become negligible for isotropic solutions in microcavities. It is concluded that further studies are necessary to track the origin of the experimentally observed kinetics.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Nyereria ankaratrensis
Creators: name: Madl, M.
name: Achterberg, C. Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Nyereria
Nyereria ankaratrensis

description: Nyereria ankaratrensis (GRANGER 1949)
 Apanteles ankaratrensis n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 240 (key), 241 (descr. ♀, figs 251, 260, Madagascar).
 Apanteles ankaratrensis GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT 1972: 442 (cat.).
 Nyereria ankaratrensis (GRANGER 1949): MASON 1981: 109 (tax.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Antananarivo: Massif de l'Ankaratra.
Endemic.
description: Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 147, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364
Territorial Unbalances in Quality of Life. A focus on Italian Inner and Rural Areas
Creators: name: Bertolini, P.
name: Pagliacci, F.
name: Bertolini, P.
name: Pagliacci, F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Public Economics
subject: inner areas
subject: rural areas
subject: quality of life
subject: spatial effects

description: The Italian National Strategy for Inner Areas explicitly draws policymakers’ attention to inner municipalities. It stresses the importance of improving socio-economic conditions of people as the only way to reverse negative demographic trends in those areas. To this respect, improving quality of life (QoL) represents one of the key drivers. Given such an important policy implication, this work provides a statistical tool to measure existing gaps in QoL levels across Italian NUTS 3 regions, by explicitly disentangling urban and inner areas. Nevertheless, QoL is a multidimensional concept, thus a composite indicator is computed following a non-compensatory approach: the QoL Mazziotta-Pareto Index. Firstly, we consider the variability of the comprehensive indicator across Italy, with respect to the presence of inner areas. As a major result, this analysis seems breaking down the supposed negative relationship between QoL and presence of inner areas, which the paper proves to be mostly overlapping with rural ones, when controlling for sub-national structural divides occurring throughout Italy. Secondly, spatial aspects make the picture even more complex. Even the neighbouring space is expected to affect QoL at local level. In particular, by means of both global and local indicators of spatial autocorrelation, groups of NUTS 3 regions sharing similar QoL levels with their neighbours are detected. From a policy perspective, such a locked-in path among neighbouring regions can influence the effectiveness of place-based policies.
Evaluation of soil moisture levels on growth and productivity of young citrus trees
Creators: name: Roman, E.
name: Roman, F.
name: Roman, E.
name: Roman, F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries
Land Economics/Use

description: A citrus orchard (Citrus sinensis [L] Osb. 'Rhode Red Valencia') was established at the Agricultural Experiment Substation of Isabela, Puerto Rico in 2001. The predominant soil series at the experimental site is Coto clay (Typic Eutrustox). One hundred-eight Rhode Red Valencia trees grafted on Cleopatra were planted at a distance 4.5 X 6.0 m. Irrigation water was applied at an average rate of 29.07 L/hr using microsprinklers installed on 1.3 cm polytubing line. The experimental plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Plots consisted of six trees; data were recorded on the four middle trees. Two irrigation treatments were scheduled by using tensiometers installed at 30 and 45 cm depth; trees were irrigated when tensiometer reached a low depletion level (10-15 kPa) or a high depletion level (30-35 kPa), there was also a rainfed treatment. Irrigation treatments did not affect orange tree growth or fruit yields during 2004. Tree canopy volume varied from 13.61 to 14.62 m3, producing an average of 42 fruits. During 2004, Valencia trees were harvested for the first time, therefore an irregular production is expected. Tough drip irrigation is a common practice for fruit orchards at the location; the experimental results obtained during 2004 showed that rainfall distribution was adequate to maintain growth. Older trees or those with a higher fruit load will probably require more frequent irrigations, mainly during the dry season.
Three forms of capital levy in Italy
Creators: name: GRIZZIOTTI, B.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Italy, capital levy, legislation, evasion, criticism
subject: E22, H20

description: The paper comments on the text of the important fiscal measures which, in September 1947, were finally accepted after a long series of discussions, both parliamentary and technical. The author draws attention to the logical reasons which, in his opinion, would have justified the adoption of a capital levy on corporate bodies in addition to that on individuals, but he criticises the actual methods by which the legislature has sought to achieve this aim; still more severe is his criticism of the general defects of the capital levy as a whole, which he considers too heavy and disturbing to economic life, while at the same time liable to widespread evasion. The author’s views form part of the considerable movement of criticism regarding the capital levy now being enforced, to which in recent months other experts have contributed interesting studies. JEL: E22, H20
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 1, N. 3 (1947)
Variant N=(1,1) Supergravity and (Minkowski)_4 x S^2 Vacua
Creators: name: Kerimo, J.
name: Liu, J. T.
name: Lu, H.
name: Pope, C. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the fermionic sector and supersymmetry transformation rules of a variant N=(1,1) supergravity theory obtained by generalized Kaluza-Klein reduction from seven dimensions. We show that this model admits both (Minkowski)_4 x S^2 and (Minkowski)_3 x S^3 vacua. We perform a consistent Kaluza-Klein reduction on S^2 and obtain D=4, N=2 supergravity coupled to a vector multiplet, which can be consistently truncated to give rise to D=4, N=1 supergravity with a chiral multiplet.
description: Latex, 17 pages. Version appearing in Classical and Quantum Gravity
The Italian tobacco industry: a state monopoly
Creators: name: COVA, P.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Italy, tobacco industry, monopoly, pricing policy
subject: L66, L12

description: The tobacco industry in Italy merits attention from more than one point of view: (a) as the result of efforts, lasting over a considerable time, to transplant into Italy the cultivation of a product which was foreign to the physical make-up of the country; (b) as a monopoly organisation directed by a special form of State Administration; (c) as one of the main sources of revenue for the Treasury. Theses aspects of the problem are clearly brought out in the present article. Particular interest relates to the facts and figures provided on the success of the work undertaken to repair the enormous damage doused by the war to this industry. In regard to the main problems of the present time, the author argues for the need both for a more clearly defined autonomy for the Administration of Government Monopolies, and for a pricing policy for tobacco, which should tend to secure the maximum fiscal yield in this time of grave financial difficulty in Italy. JEL: L66, L12
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 1, N. 3 (1947)
Papaya characteristics under different spacing regimes
Creators: name: Kowalski, J. A.
name: Zimmerman, T. W.
name: Kowalski, J. A.
name: Zimmerman, T. W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Papaya
subject: Spacing
subject: Tropical fruit

description: Papaya is a popular tropical fruit in the Virgin Islands and is widely grown by small farmers. The use of space is extremely critical to small farmers in order to utilize their limited resources for maximum production. The objective of this research was to determine the spacing requirements for optimal production using selected papaya varieties ('Maradol', 'Tainung 5', 'Trini χ Washington' and 'Yuen Nong 1') at three spacing regimes. The spacing applied were 3 m χ 3 m, 3 m x 2 m and a staggered double row of 3 m χ 1 m. Data was collected on the stem diameter, height to first flower, height to first fruit and fruit size. Plant spacing did not affect height to first flower or height to first fruit set. Fruit size was significantly influenced by plant spacing for varieties 'Maradol' and 'Yuen Nong 1'. The three plant spacing regimes did not affect stem diameter. Under these ideal conditions, plant spacing only has an effect on fruit size within certain papaya varieties.
$L^2$ Forms and Ricci flow with bounded curvature on Complete Non-compact manifolds
Creators: name: Ma, Li
name: Yang, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53Cxx

description: In this paper, we study the evolution of $L^2$ one forms under Ricci flow with bounded curvature on a non-compact Rimennian manifold. We show on such a manifold that the $L^2$ norm of a smooth one form with compact support is non-increasing along the Ricci flow with bounded curvature. The $L^{\infty}$ norm is showed to have monotonicity property too. Then we use $L^{\infty}$ cohomology of one forms with compact support to study the singularity model for the Ricci flow on $S^1\times \mathbb{R}^{n-1}$.
description: 11 pages
Critical theory of non-Fermi liquid fixed point in multipolar Kondo problem
Creators: name: Patri, Adarsh S.
name: Kim, Yong Baek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When the ground state of a localized ion is a non-Kramers doublet, such localized ions may carry multipolar moments. For example, Pr$^{3+}$ ions in a cubic environment would possess quadrupolar and octupolar, but no magnetic dipole, moments. When such multipolar moments are placed in a metallic host, unusual interactions between these local moments and conduction electrons arise, in contrast to the familiar magnetic dipole interactions in the classic Kondo problem. In this work, we consider the interaction between a single quadrupolar-octupolar local moment and conduction electrons with $p$-orbital symmetry as a concrete model for the multipolar Kondo problem. We show that this model can be written most naturally in the spin-orbital entangled basis of conduction electrons. Using this basis, the perturbative renormalization group (RG) fixed points are readily identified. There are two kinds of fixed points, one for the two-channel Kondo and the other for a novel fixed point. We investigate the nature of the novel fixed point non-perturbatively using non-abelian bosonization, current algebra and conformal field theory approaches. It is shown that the novel fixed point leads to a, previously unidentified, non-Fermi liquid state with entangled spin and orbital degrees of freedom, which shows resistivity $ρ\sim T^Δ$ and diverging specific heat coefficient $C/T \sim T^{-1 + 2Δ}$ with $Δ=1/5$. Our results open up the possibility of myriads of non-Fermi liquid states, depending on the choices of multipolar moments and conduction electron orbitals, which would be relevant for many rare-earth metallic systems.
description: 9 pages + 5 pages Appendix + 2 pages References
Premises and tasks of the special fund for financing the Italian engineering industry
Creators: name: TREMELLONI, R.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Italy, engineering industry, finance, fund, recovery, development
subject: L52

description: The article discusses the Special Fund for Financing the Italian Engineering Industry - established in September 1947 with a grant from the State of 55 milliard lire - its premises and tasks. This, in essence should be an instrument for the co-ordination and rationalisation of the engineering industry, the most important section of Italian industry, and the one most severely hit by the difficulties, both structural and financial, of this transitional period. This Fund should, therefore, mean the end of the piecemeal government interventions of the recent past, and should act as a centre of a series of coherent and anti-inflationary measures aiming at a final reorganisation of the industry. JEL: L52
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 1, N. 3 (1947)
Bank credits in Italy classified by businnes branches and bank groups (1936-1946)
Creators: name: MANCINI, M.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Italian banking institutions, credits, Bank of Italy, business activity
subject: G21, E58

description: The paper provides analysis on the marked variations shown during the period 1936-1946 in the credits granted by the Italian Banking Institutes in favour of the various sections of the economic activity in the country. This analysis, based on statistical material published by the Bank of Italy in September, 1947, may offer useful data for the study of the main vicissitudes in Italian business activity during the last turbulent decade. JEL: G21, E58
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 1, N. 3 (1947)
Evolution of the psychology of work and of accumulation
Creators: name: GINI, C.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Sociology of labour, social groups, evolution, accumulation, Integral economics, human psychology
subject: J01, J20, Z13

description: The article deals with the sociology of labour. The author accepts the psychological criteria of differentiation of social groups and depicts the evolution of society and of the spirit of accumulation in relation to the changes that have occurred in the psychology of man the worker, throwing into relief the main stages of this development. The importance of this last stage - that of spontaneous and pleasurable work, of which the United States represents the most advanced type among the Caucasian peoples - is such as to induce the author to suggest once again the need for an economic science wider and more comprehensive than “bourgeois” economics, which he calls Integral Economics: this should be based on a more general theoretical outline covering the whole of the historical development of human psychology and institutions. JEL: J01, J20, Z13
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 1, N. 4 (1948)
Increasing Population Variability in Parallel Genetic Algorithms with a Greedy Crossover for Large-Scale p-Median Problems
Creators: name: Kazakovtsev, Lev
name: Shkaberina, Guzel
name: Rozhnov, Ivan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 10303 Optimisation
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 10206 Operations Research

description: The continuous p-median problem is a classical unconstrained global optimization model of unsupervised machine learning and location theory where the aim is to find p points (medians) so that the sum of distances from known demand points to the closest of the p sought points reaches its minimum. The problem is NP-hard, and the researchers focus on the development of heuristic algorithms. A greedy agglomerative procedure starts its search from a solution with an excessive number of medians K > p and combines the elimination of the medians with local search procedures. Genetic algorithms with the crossover operator based on greedy agglomerative procedures are capable of obtaining rather precise results. However, they are computationally expensive, which limits their scope for mediumscale problems. In the case of running such algorithms on massive parallel processing systems with large-scale problems, the population degeneration plays more important role. We propose hybrid genetic algorithms with both crossover and mutation operators involving the greedy agglomerative procedures and partially isolated subpopulations (islands) for the p-median problem. Computational experiments show the comparative efficiency of new algorithmic combinations and demonstrate that with an increase in the input data volume, the instruments for maintaining the population diversity improve the obtained results.
Effect of seed sett weight of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on yield
Creators: name: Beale, A. J.
name: Ramirez, L.
name: Diaz, M.
name: Munoz, M. A.
name: Flores, C.
name: Beale, A. J.
name: Ramirez, L.
name: Diaz, M.
name: Munoz, M. A.
name: Flores, C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Ginger
subject: Seed sett weight
subject: Zengiber officinale

description: Six weight ranges of ginger seed setts (14 to 28 g; 29 to 43 g; 44 to 57 g; 58 to 85 g; 86 to 114 g; and 115 to 128 g) were evaluated for yield in Gurabo, east-central Puerto Rico. The soil in the experimental area is of the Mabi clay series (fine, montmorillonitic, isohyperthermic Vertic Eutropepts). Rainfall during the nine-month cycle of ginger (March-December 2005) was 1,744 mm (68.6 in); drip irrigation was also provided on a regular basis. No significant differences in yield were found between the two heaviest seed sett weight ranges used for planting, 115 to 128 g and 86 to 114 g. The 115 to 128 g setts yielded higher (a=0.05) than the remaining four ranges. The average yield of the 115 to 128 g setts was 24.59 mt/ha, whereas that of the 86 to 114 g setts was 18.47 mt/ha. The 86 to 114 g setts yielded significantly higher than the 14 to 28 g and the 29 to 43 g setts. Results indicate that the seed sett weight range of 86 to 114 g is the most feasible weight for planting ginger in east-central Puerto Rico.
A Molecular Matter-Wave Amplifier
Creators: name: Search, Chris P.
name: Meystre, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a matter-wave amplifier for vibrational ground state molecules, which uses a Feshbach resonance to first form quasi-bound molecules starting from an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. The quasi-bound molecules are then driven into their stable vibrational ground state via a two-photon Raman transition inside an optical cavity. The transition from the quasi-bound state to the electronically excited state is driven by a classical field. Amplification of ground state molecules is then achieved by using a strongly damped cavity mode for the transition from the electronically excited molecules to the molecular ground state.
Efficacy of face coverings in reducing transmission of COVID-19: calculations based on models of droplet capture
Creators: name: Robinson, Joshua F.
name: de Anda, Ioatzin Rios
name: Moore, Fergus J.
name: Reid, Jonathan P.
name: Sear, Richard P.
name: Royall, C. Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the COVID--19 pandemic, among the more controversial issues is the use of masks and face coverings. Much of the concern boils down to the question -- just how effective are face coverings? One means to address this question is to review our understanding of the physical mechanisms by which masks and coverings operate -- steric interception, inertial impaction, diffusion and electrostatic capture. We enquire as to what extent these can be used to predict the efficacy of coverings. We combine the predictions of the models of these mechanisms which exist in the filtration literature and compare the predictions with recent experiments and lattice Boltzmann simulations, and find reasonable agreement with the former and good agreement with the latter. Building on these results, we explore the parameter space for woven cotton fabrics to show that three-layered cloth masks can be constructed with comparable filtration performance to surgical masks under ideal conditions. Reusable cloth masks thus present an environmentally friendly alternative to surgical masks so long as the face seal is adequate enough to minimise leakage.
description: 26 pages (13 + references, 10 pages supplementary), 10 figures (8 in main text, 2 in SI); accepted version, to appear in Physics of Fluids' special issue "Flow and the Virus"
Some aspects of Italian economy and the theory of full employment
Creators: name: MARRAMA, V.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Structural unemployment, Italy, economic recovery, full employment policy
subject: E24

description: The problem of unemployment is today the most worrying aspect of the economic recovery in Italy and it is being specially studied by Italian economists in relation to its structural character and its dynamic basis, which is due to demographic pressure. The great interest aroused in Italy by the “Keynesian revolution” has, however, resulted in most careful consideration - also in public investigations - of the diverse schemes for full employment policies, from the standpoint of their possible practical application to Italy at the present time. This has brought out the basic conditions which differentiate the Italian economy from those economies where the full employment policy was originally worked out; the conclusion seems to be that there is a possible, but distinctly limited, field of application in this country. The present paper illustrates these basic conditions and limitations with statistics. JEL: E24
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 1, N. 4 (1948)
Developing systems for sustainable production of export grade dasheen {Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var. esculenta) in Dominica
Creators: name: Robin, G.
name: Robin, G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var. esculenta
subject: Plant spacing
subject: Planting depth
subject: Agro-ecological zones
subject: Seasons
subject: Corm yield and shape

description: Sustainability of the dasheen market share was constrained by incorrect projections, resulting from a lack of a detailed understanding of how agro-ecological zones, seasonality and agronomic practices influenced dasheen corm yield and shape in Dominica. Corm yield and shape are the two most important criteria for grading corms for export. Experiments addressing the above, examined the effects of planting depths and spacing on corm yield and shape. The experiments were conducted during the wet and dry season, in Grand Bay, on soils characterized as plastic sticky clay loams without a silica pan, a moisture supply capacity which is low to very low and an average annual rainfall of approximately 2400 mm {zone D3) and in Wet Area on soils characterized as sandy clay loams, with a moisture supply capacity which is moderately high and an average annual rainfall of 5300 mm (zone A2). Results showed that average corm weight per plant of 946 g and 995 g and mean yields per hectare of 12.9 and 14.1 t/ha were obtained in Grand Bay and Wet Area during the wet season, were not significantly different. In the dry season, Wet Area plant (913 g) and per hectare yield (12.3t), were significantly (p<0.01) higher, when compared to plant (645 g) and per hectare yield (7.91) obtained in Grand Bay. The oval corm shape obtained in Wet Area, during the wet and dry season, were significantly (p<0.01) different from the irregular (partially dumb-bell) shape corms obtained in Grand Bay across seasons. In Grand Bay, variation in plant spacing was the major factor influencing individual corm yield, whereas in Wet Area it was plant depth. Per hectare yield was influenced by both spacing and plant depth in Wet Area and by spacing in Grand Bay. Sustainable production of export grade corms, were suited to Wet Area throughout the year. In Grand Bay production was possible during the wet season.
New fertigation recommendations for cassava in a non-traditional production system
Creators: name: Roman-Paoli, E.
name: Sotomayor-Ramirez, D.
name: Roman-Paoli, E.
name: Sotomayor-Ramirez, D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Cassava
subject: Fertigation
subject: Fertilization

description: Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is well adapted to low fertility soils and tolerates long periods of low soil moisture. Although the area dedicated to cassava production has decreased dramatically in recent years, it is still traditionally planted in the central mountainous regions and in well-drained Oxisols in the northwestern part of Puerto Rico. As with other root crops, there is an increasing tendency to switch production to the southern semiarid coast of Puerto Rico. In this region soils are fertile with high cation exchange capacity, rainfall is low, and farmers commonly utilize microirrigation and fertigation for crop production. Fertilizer recommendations for Cassava production are based on studies conducted decades ago in low pH, low fertility Ultisols without microirrigation. A cassava fertilizer-production trial (cultivar 'Serrallés') was established at the Lajas Agricultural Experiment Substation during 2002 in a Fraternidad clay (Typic Haplusterts). The conventional recommended fertilization rate (275-50-250-60 kg/ha of Ν, P2O5, K20, and MgO, respectively) was compared with the same rate via fertigation. Three additional fertigation rates were tested which were a reduced Ν treatment (100- 50-250 kg/ha, N, P205> K20), reduced Κ treatment (100-50-125 kg/ha, N, P205, K20), and no Κ (100-50-0 kg/ha, N, P205, K20). Magnesium application was eliminated because of the high-soil test value observed in this soil. Fertigations were performed monthly with urea, phosphoric acid, and potassium chloride as the Ν, P, and Κ sources, respectively, whereas the conventional treatment was split applied at four and six months after planting. Mean total yields, average root weight, and number of roots/ha obtained seven months after planting were 7,229 kg/ha, 0.17 kg/root, and 42,929 roots/ha, respectively. There were significant differences among treatments. Reduced fertilizer applications can be recommended for cassava produced in these soils.
title: Walking a linguistic tightrope: learner development in writing job application letters
Creators: name: Portman, Daniel
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2014

description: This thesis focuses on tracking the development of 17 tertiary English language learners (ELLs) studying how to write job application letters. The research took place within the context of a Business Writing in English module, in which the pedagogy was informed by a Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) approach to genre. While much genre-based research in educational settings examines pedagogic practices, Cheng (2006) urges genre researchers to focus on learner development. In this project, learner development in writing job application letters was of interest for two reasons: (a) the letters were new to the learners, in the project's national context and (b) the letters required the complex task of both: demonstration of suitability for jobs and maintenance of appropriate social relations with presumed readers. Within their coursework, the 17 learner-participants wrote three job application letters, in response to three job advertisements, at three points in time. For the 17 participants, demonstration of suitability for the jobs was examined. For three of these participants, a mor.e detailed analysis was carried out, concerning their management of social relations with their presumed readers. Analysis for tracking development was informed by SFL and focussed on the lexicogrammatical and register strata, in relation to the generic staging of a job application letter. Participant interviews and feedback from Human Resources professionals supplemented the linguistic analyses. From the findings, three main conclusions are drawn and presented with reference to Halliday's (2004) language learning triad: (a) 'learning language' - genre development can be seen through the participants' appropriate expansion, organisation, and variation of repertoire; (b) 'learning through language' - genre development can be seen through the participants' 'resemiotisation' (ledema, 2003) of themselves as job applicants; (c) 'learning about language' - genre development can be seen through the participants' demonstration of 'practical' and 'discursive' knowledge (Giddens, 1984). Based on insights from the research, policy and practice implications are offered. Finally, further research directions are suggested.
Logarithmic torus amplitudes
Creators: name: Flohr, Michael
name: Gaberdiel, Matthias R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the example of the logarithmic triplet theory at c=-2 the chiral vacuum torus amplitudes are analysed. It is found that the space of these torus amplitudes is spanned by the characters of the irreducible representations, as well as a function that can be associated to the logarithmic extension of the vacuum representation. A few implications and generalisations of this result are discussed.
description: 14 pages, LaTeX
Additional file 1 of Discussing parenthood with gay men diagnosed with HIV: a qualitative study of patient and healthcare practitioner perspectives
Creators: name: Pralat, Robert
name: Anderson, Jane
name: Burns, Fiona
name: Yarrow, Elizabeth
name: Barber, Tristan J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1.
Nyereria flavotorquata
Creators: name: Madl, M.
name: Achterberg, C. Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Nyereria
Nyereria flavotorquata

description: Nyereria flavotorquata (GRANGER 1949)
 Apanteles flavotorquatus n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 240 (key), 241 (figs 252, 261), 242 (descr. ♀, Madagascar).
 Apanteles flavotorquatus GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT 1972: 510 (cat.).
 Nyereria flavotorquata (GRANGER 1949): MASON 1981: 109 (tax.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n Madagascar: Prov. Antananarivo: near Antananarivo – Prov. Fianarantsoa: Fianarantsoa.
Endemic.
description: Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 147, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364
Absolute Rate, Evolving Luminosity function, and Evolving Jet Opening Angle Distribution for Long Gamma-Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Matsubayashi, Tatsushi
name: Yamazaki, Ryo
name: Yonetoku, Daisuke
name: Murakami, Toshio
name: Ebisuzaki, Toshikazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the luminosity function and the apparent GRB rate inferred from the spectral peak energy-luminosity relation, we investigate the absolute GRB formation rate, taking into account the effects of both the jet-luminosity evolution and the jet opening angle evolution. In the case that there is no jet opening angle evolution, the jet-corrected luminosity for high-redshift GRBs is much larger than typical values for low-z (z>~1) bursts. On the other hand, if the jet-luminosity does not evolve with time, the jet opening angle for high-z bursts should be much smaller than that for low-z GRBs. Therefore, it is preferable to take into account both evolution effects. We also estimate the local GRB event rate in a galaxy of ~10^{-7}-10^{-5}/yr.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, published in PTP
title: The possible impact of the organisation on the effectiveness of workplace learning
Creators: name: Palmer, Christina Louisa
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2014

description: This thesis explores how dimensions of workplace learning are influenced by organisational practices and the features of organisations where workplace learning is perceived to be effective. Its particular focus is higher education workplace learning programmes that are tailored to meet organisational needs. The thesis considers the literature that surrounds workplace learning and notes the breadth of definitions relating to it, including learning which is work related, learning which takes place within work or learning where the curriculum is devised around work. Key authors included in the conceptual framework are Billett (2000, 2001, 2004, 2006a, 2006b, 2008) in relation to affordances, Fuller and Unwin (2003, 2004, 2006) in relation to the expansiveness and restrictiveness of the organisation with regard to workplace learning and Eraut (2004, 2007) in relation to informal learning in the workplace. Literature examining the relationship between organisational and individual learning is also considered. The research is qualitative in nature, a social constructionist approach having a predominant influence. Two case studies are used in the research project: a multinational logistics company and a regional public sector emergency service. Managers who were undertaking higher education workplace learning programmes and representatives within their employing organisations who commissioned workplace learning programmes participated in semi-structured interviews. The findings of the research indicated that there are two major factors which impact on manager participants' perceptions of effective workplace learning: 1) Their experiences of workplace learning are closely linked to their perceptions of the time, autonomy and support they are afforded (or not) in order to engage in workplace learning activities. 2) For this particular group, effectiveness is also related to the level of synergy they feel exists between the workplace learning programme, the organisation and themselves.
Membrane moisture transfer in fuel cell humidifiers
Creators: name: Cave, Peter William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: High system cost and large size are two barriers preventing mainstream commercial viability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. These barriers can be addressed by (a) improving water management in the cell for a higher power density at lower cost and (b) reducing the cost and size of balance of plant components. The cathode reactant humidification system directly affects the water management of the cell and is one of the most expensive balance of plant components in the system. A thermodynamic model of a cathode gas to gas membrane humidifier was implemented. The model considers two-phase heat and mass transfer along two parallel, one-dimensional channels in counter flow operation. A single channel humidifier was constructed with the capability of measuring temperature and dew point temperature profiles along the channel. Dew point profiles and the effect of flow rate on the outlet dew point were measured at 30, 50, and 70°C isothermal cases with fully saturated wet-side inlet conditions. Water flux across the membrane was constant along the channel and the outlet dew point decreased with dryside flow rate for all cases. The effect of wet-side flow rate was minor. The experimental data were compared to the thermodynamic model using membrane diffusivity from four published correlations and three different techniques. The different diffusivity correlations affected model predictions of moisture flux by up to 86%, demonstrating that fitted membrane parameters must be used if modeling accuracy is expected. Calculating diffusivity at the average membrane water content of the two sides of the membrane was shown to be a better approximation than using an average relative humidity. Also, the model over-predicted the outlet dew point more at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures compared to the experimental data. Finally, a 5kW humidifier design was simulated at a pressure of 1 atm with 65°C fully-saturated and 25°C completely-dry conditions at the wet-side and dry-side inlets, respectively. Analysis revealed that modeling moisture transfer using humidity ratio as a driving force can lead to unphysical results under non-isothermal conditions with high moisture flux. Pressure drop estimations using an all-vapour, Darcy friction factor analysis were very low compared to measured data and a fitted flow restriction equation was suggested. Keywords: humidifier, membrane, fuel cell, water management, mass transfer, single phase
Italian foreing trade in the framework of world trade
Creators: name: TAGLIACARNE, G.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Italian foreign trade, international relations, industrialisation, production
subject: F10, O14

description: The paper gives a comprehensive statistical survey of the movements of Italian foreign trade from 1881 to the present day, illustrating certain fundamental aspects of Italian economy and its international relations. The analysis brings out clearly the process of industrialisation within the country, the changes in the standard of living of its people, the effects of the autarchic policy pursued in the years preceding the second world war, and the dislocations that have taken place in the sources of supply and the outlets for production. JEL: F10, O14
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 1, N. 4 (1948)