Areopaguristes praedator Glassell 1937
Creators: name: Ayón-Parente, Manuel
name: Hendrickx, Michel E.
name: Lemaitre, Rafael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Diogenidae
Areopaguristes
Areopaguristes praedator

description: Areopaguristes praedator (Glassell, 1937) nov. comb.
(Figs. 1–3)
Paguristes praedator Glassell, 1937: 243, 245.— Haig et al., 1970: 18, 27.— Moran & Dittel, 1993: 601.— García-Madrigal, 1999: 924.— Hendrickx & Harvey, 1999: 370.— Boschi, 2000: 104.— Vargas & Cortés, 2006: 480.—McLaughlin et al., 2010: 23.
Paguristes preadator.—Rodríguez de la Cruz, 1987: 86 (misspelling).
Stratiotes praedator.—Ayón-Parente, 2009: 232, Figs. 117–119.— Ayón-Parente & Hendrickx, 2010a: 4.
Type material. Holotype: male (SL 3.5 mm), 5.4 km NW from Cabo Pulmo, Baja California, Gulf of California, Mexico, 23°28'N, 109°24'W, 1 May 1936, Zaca sta 136 D-27, sandy bottom with rocks, 91 m, coll. W. Beebe, AMNH-12232 ex. 36782. Paratypes: 1 male (SL 1.2 mm), Bahía Santa Inés, Baja California, Mexico, 26°59’38''N, 111°59’W, 10 Apr 1936, Zaca sta 141 D-4, 6 m, coll. W. Beebe, AMNH-12521; 1 male (SL 3.4 mm), Banco Gordo, 23°50'N, 109° 28'W, 21 Apr 1936, Zaca sta 150 D- 3, 104 m, coll. W. Beebe, AMNH-12522; 11 males (SL 2.8–3.7 mm), Arena Bank, Baja California, Gulf of California, Mexico, 19 Apr 1936, Templeton Crocker Expedition, sta 136, coll. W. Beebe, 146 m, USNM 1076126.
Type locality. 5.4 km NE of Cabo Pulmo, Baja California, Gulf of California, Mexico.
Additional material. EMU holdings: 11 males, 13 females, 1 juv, 3 NS, off Teacapán, Sinaloa, Mexico, 22°17'36''N, 106°10'54''W, 23 Apr 1981, SIPCO I, sta A2, ot, 61 m, EMU-6970; 41 males (SL 1.5–2.8 mm), 23 females (SL 0.9–2.6 mm), off Teacapán, Sinaloa, Mexico, 22°17'36''N, 106°10'54''W, Apr 1981, SIPCO I, sta A2, ot, 61 m, EMU-10055; 2 males (NM), 1 female (NM), 2 NS, off Teacapán, Sinaloa, Mexico, 22°24'18''N, 105°54'24''W, 23 Apr 1981, SIPCO I, sta A1, oyster dredge, 35 m, EMU-6964; 1 male (SL 2.8 mm), 1 female (SL 2.7 mm), off Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico, 23°08'7''N, 106°32'8''W, 24 Aug 1981, SIPCO II, sta B2, ot, 78 m, EMU- 6959; 2 males (SL 2.4 mm), off Teacapán, Sinaloa, Mexico, 15 Jan 1982, SIPCO III, ot, EMU-6963; 3 males (SL 1.6–2.9 mm), 1 female (SL 2.5 mm), off Punta Piaxla, Sinaloa, Mexico, 23°37'12''N, 106°55'54''W, 16 Jan 1982, SIPCO III, sta C1, ot, 45 m, EMU-6968A; 2 males (SL 2.12–2.65 mm), same data, EMU-6968B; 11 males (SL 1.4–2.9 mm), 12 females (SL 1.7–2.0 mm), 17 NS (NM), Isla Carmen, 25°58'N, 111°07'5''W, 4 May 1982, CORTES 1, sta 10, oyster dredge, 35–65 m, EMU-10038; 1 ovig female (SL 2.9 mm), off Cabo San Miguel, Baja California, Mexico, 28°7'48''N, 112°45'06''W, 6 May 1982, CORTES 1, sta 20, ot, 68 m, EMU-6965; 2 females (SL 3.1–3.7 mm), same data, EMU-9598; 1 female (SL 2.5 mm), Rocas Consag, Gulf of California, 31°8'8''N, 114°13'1"W, 16 Mar 1985, CORTES 1, sta 38, ot, 60 m, EMU-6999; 1NS (NM), off Río Fuerte, Sinaloa, 25°45'30''N, 109°34'18''W, 12 May 1982, CORTES 1, sta 50, ot, 91 m, EMU-6847; 2 males (SL 2.3–2.9 mm), off Banco Gordo, Baja California Sur, Mexico, 23°5'48''N, 109°31'54''W, 13 May 1982, CORTES 1, sta 57, ot, 56 m, EMU-6997; 1 male (SL 2.5 mm), off Bahía Santa María, Sinaloa, 24°56'42''N, 108°44'6''W, 10 Mar 1985, CORTES 2, sta. 4, ot, 64 m, EMU-3701A; 1 male (SL 3.2 mm), off Rocas Consag, Gulf of California, 31°9'18''N, 114°15'30''W, 16 Mar 1985, CORTES 2, sta. 38bis, ot, 65 m, EMU-3701B; 1NS (NM), off Río Fuerte, Sinaloa, 25°46'12''N, 109°35'06''W, 20 Mar 1985, CORTES 2, sta 50, ot, 97 m, EMU-6848; 11 males (SL 1.3–1.7 mm), 12 females (1.2–2.0 mm), 2 ovig females (SL 1.4 mm), 11 NS (NM), Rocas Consag, 31°09' N, 114°15'3'' W, 0 9 May 1982, CORTES 1, sta 38, ot, 60 m, EMU-10058; 3 males (SL 1.7–1.9 mm), 2 females (SL 1.8–2.0 mm), off Punta de Mita, Nayarit, Mexico, 20°52'N, 105°32'7''W, 14 May 1982, CORTES 1, sta 60, ot, 55–60 m, EMU-10056; 1 male, Cabo San Miguel, Baja California, Gulf of California, 28°08'30''N, 112°42'36'' W, 6 May 1982, CORTES 1, sta 21, ot, 106 m, EMU-6962; 3 males (SL 2.3–3.7 mm), off Bahía Santa María, Sinaloa, Mexico 24°56'42''N, 108°44'06''W, 10 Mar 1985, CORTES 2, sta 4, ot, 64 m, EMU-6966; 1 female (SL 2.8 mm), off Bahía Santa María, Sinaloa, Mexico, 24°56'12''N, 108°44'30''W, 10 Mar 1985, CORTES 2, sta 5, ot, 110 m, EMU-6957; 1 male (NM), off Rocas Consag, Gulf of California, Mexico, 31°15'12''N, 114°22'06''W, 16 Mar 1985, CORTES 2, sta 37, ot, 32 m, EMU-6960; 18 males (NM), 17 females (NM), 1 NS, off Punta de Mita, Nayarit, Mexico, 20°53'54'' N, 105°27'18'' W, 23 Mar 1985, CORTES 2, sta 61, ot, 48 m, EMU-6971; 4 NS (NW), off Punta Arboleda, 26°46'8'' N, 110°06'9'' W, CORTES 2, sta 14, ot, 92 m, EMU-4190; 1 male (SL 3.1 mm), same data, EMU-10059; 3 NS (NM), Cabo San Miguel, Gulf of California, 28°10' N, 112°47'7'' W, 13 Mar 1985, CORTES 2, sta 19-A, ot, 29 m, EMU- 4189; 1 female (SL 5.3 mm), same data, EMU-10060; 1 female (SL 2.5 mm), 2 juv, 2 NS (NM), off Estero Tastiota, Sonora, Gulf of California, 28°17'8'' N, 111°37'3'' W, 18 Mar 1985, CORTES 2, sta 47, dredge, 34–37 m, EMU- 10061; 6 males (2.0– 3.6 mm), 5 females (SL 2.0– 3.3 mm), 2 NS, CORTES 2, sta 49-A, ot, EMU-10062; 18 males (SL 1.1–2.4 mm), 16 females (SL 1.2–2.0 mm), 7 NS (NM), off Punta Mita, Nayarit, Mexico, 20°53'54''N, 105°27'18''W, 23 Mar 1985, CORTES 2, sta 61, ot, 48 m, EMU-10057; 1 NS (NM), off Punta de Mita, Nayarit, Mexico, 20°51'54'' N, 105°33'12''W, 28 Jul 1985, CORTES 3, sta 60, ot, 70 m, EMU-6958; 5 males (SL 4.1–5.0 mm), 2 females (SL 3.4–4.1 mm), 2 ovig females (SL 3.2–3.8 mm), 1 NS (NM), N of Isla Tiburón, Gulf of California, 29°11'48''N, 112°31'06''W, 2 Aug 1985, CORTES 3, sta 25, ot, 80 m, EMU-6967A; 1 female (SL 3.1 mm), same data, EMU-6967B; 1 male (SL 2.5 mm), 1 NS (NM), off Estero Tastiota, Sonora, Mexico, 28°19'54''N, 111°41'16''W, 7 Aug 1985, CORTES 3, sta 47, Van Veen grab, 28 m, EMU-6961; 1 female (SL 2.0 mm), NE of Isla Ángel de la Guarda, Gulf of California, 29°30'N, 113°24'W, 17 Feb 1987, GUAYTEC I, ot, 105 m, EMU-7448; 1 male (SL 3.9 mm), Gulf of California, Mexico, 26°47' N, 110°06´W, GUAYTEC II, sta 4, ot, 85 m, EMU-10064; 1 male (SL 3.6 mm), Gulf of California, Mexico, 27°00'N, 111°50'W, 2 Aug 1987, GUAYTEC II, sta 10, ot, 85–89 m, EMU-10065; 7 males (SL 2.0– 3.8 mm), 6 females (SL 1.7–3.1 mm), 8 ovig females (SL 1.5–2.7), Gulf of California, Mexico, 29°29'N, 113°23'W, 11 Aug 1987, GUAYTEC II, sta 69, 83– 88 m, ot, EMU-10066; 3 males (SL 1.9–2.8 mm), 1 female (SL 3.6 mm), off Piaxtla River, Sinaloa, Mexico, 23°31'54''N, 106°52'36''W, 14 Mar 1992, BIOCAPESS V, sta 6, ot, 62 m, EMU-10063; 1 male (SL 3.1 mm), Cuenca Wagner-Consag, Gulf of California, Mexico, 30°49'57''N, 114°09'48''W, 31 Jul 2010, sta 13C, 162 m, EMU-10067.
CEC holdings: 10 males (SL 1.6–3.0 mm), 1 female (SL 1.9 mm), 4 juv, 10 NS (NM), Navidad, 1 Jun 1995, DEM I-3, ot, 27 m; 2 males (SL 2.5–2. 7 mm), off Cuitzmala, Jalisco, Mexico, 19°21.74'N, 105°01.25'W, 13 Jun 1995, DEM I BIP V, sta 1, ot, 73 m; 1 male (SL 1.2 mm), 1 female (SL 1.2 mm), 1 ovig female (SL 1.5 mm), off Navidad Bay, Jalisco, Mexico, 19°10.09'N, 104°42.06'W, 20 Jun 1996, DEM IV-3, ot, 73 m; 1 female (SL 2.2 mm), off Tenacatita, 25 May 1995, DEM I BIP V, sta 2, ot, 18 m; 1 male (SL 1.5 mm), off Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico, 19°03.06'N, 104°22.09'W, 6 Dec 1995, DEM II, ot, 73 m.
LACM CR holdings: 1 male (SL 2.5 mm), Tenacatita Bay, Mexico, 18 Feb 1938, 45– 72 m, MBPC 14304; 1 male (SL 1.8 m), ca 16 km SE off Puerto Peñasco, Sonora, Gulf of California, Mexico, 2 Jul 1966, 14– 18 m, MBPC 14306; 2 males (SL 3.5–3.8 mm), 5 females (SL 2.2–2.9 mm), Puerto Refugio, Angel de la Guarda Island, Gulf of California, Mexico, 21 Mar 1937, sta 708–39, 108 m, MBPC 14302; 7 males (SL 2.0– 2.8 mm), Tenacatita Bay, Mexico, 18 Feb 1938, coll. S.A. Glassell, 45–72 m, MBPC 14306; 1 male (SL 2.8 mm), W of Puerto Libertad, Sonora, Gulf of California, Mexico, 30 Mar 1960, sta P- 211–60, 108 m, MBPC 14303; 14 males (SL 1.8–2.9 mm), 1 female (SL 2.1 mm), 28 juv (NM), off Teacapan, Sinaloa, Gulf of California, Mexico, sta P-159-60, 45– 56 m, MBPC 14293; 1 male (SL 3.1 mm), SE of Isabel Island, Gulf of California, 8–9 Mar 1960, sta P-157–60, 13– 22 m, MBPC 14299; 1 male (SL 1.5 mm), off Punta Bahía Kino, Sonora, 27 Mar 1960, sta P-196–60, 23 m, MBPC 14292; 4 males (SL 2.5–2.8 mm), 1 female (SL 2.3 mm), NW of Isabel Island, Gulf of California, 10–11 Mar 1960, sta P- 158–60, 52– 59 m, MBPC 14294; 1 male (SL 2.7 mm), off Punta Lesma, Sonora, Gulf of California, 22 Mar 1960, sta P-170-60, 59 m, MBPC 14297; 1 male (SL 2.8 mm), San Gabriel Bay, Espiritu Santo Island, Gulf of California, 20 Feb 1936, shoal, MBPC 14296; 1 male (SL 2.3 mm), E of Cabeza Ballena, Gulf of California, 3 Mar 1937, sta 620–37, MBPC 14295; 1 female (SL 1.8 mm), Agua Verde Bay, Gulf of California, 10 Mar 1937, sta 656–37, 45 m, MBPC 14298; 3 males (SL 2.2–2.8 mm), 4 females (SL 1.8–2.3 mm), 9 juv (NM), 4.5 km SW of SE point of Cleopha Island, Tres Marías Islands, Mexico, 8 Feb 1954, sta 2602–54, 36– 74 m, MBPC 14300; 1 male (SL 3.3 mm), 2 females (2.8–3.0 mm), 1 juv (NM), N of Ángel de la Guarda Island, Gulf of California, 5 Mar 1936, sta 546–36, 72– 126 m, MBPC 14301.
USNM holdings: 1 female (SL 1.6 mm), Gulf of California, 20°28'N, 113°06'30''W, 24 Mar 1889, Albatross R/ V, sta 3019, 26 m, USNM 265362; 39 males (SL 1.7–2.8 mm), 27 females (SL 1.4–2.8 mm), 21 NS, in shell, Bahía Banderas, Jalisco, Mexico, 20°38'N, 105°23'W, 13 Feb 1938, coll. S. A. Glassell, 46–73 m, USNM 1076129; 52 males (SL 1.4–3.0 mm), 22 females (SL 1.1–2.5 mm), 9 ovig females (SL 1.8–2.2 mm), Bahía Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico, 16 Feb 1938, coll. S. A. Glassell, 46–55 m, USNM 1076337; 1 ovig female (SL 2.2 mm), 2 juv (SL 1.19 mm), Bahía Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico, 16 Feb 1938, 46– 55 m, id. S. A. Glassell, USNM 1107138; 5 males (SL 1.2–1.8 mm), 2 females (SL 1.0– 1.3 mm), 1 juv (SL 0.9 mm), Secas Island, SW group, Gulf of Chiriqui, Panama, 22 Feb 1934, sta 251–34, coll. W.L. Schmitt, 27 m, USNM 1253253; 4 males (SL 1.0– 1.9 mm), 12 females (SL 1.2–2.4 mm), 1 ovig female (SL 1.5 mm), Parker Bay, Costa Rica, 9 Feb 1935, R/V Velero III, sta 468–35, 9 m, USNM 1253254; 2 males (SL 1.3–1.6 mm), Salinas Bay, Costa Rica, 11 Feb 1935, R/V Velero III, sta 481–35, 11 m, USNM 1253255.
SCRIPPS holdings: 24 NS, in shell, Bahía Banderas, Mexico, 20°41'N, 105°23.5'W, 21 Aug 1961, sta 610813–52, coll. F.H. Berry, 63–65 m, SIO C- 2441; 1 male (SL 2.0 mm), Golfo de Fonseca, El Salvador, 13°01.1'N, 88°01.7'W, 4 Apr 1978, B/O “A. Helix'', sta TEPE 78–9, coll. J. Lance, ot, 42 m, SIO C- 4085.
Diagnosis. Shield about as long as broad; rostrum broadly subtriangular, blunt, not reaching tip level of lateral projections or basis of ocular acicles. Ocular peduncles long, slender, straight, cornea weakly dilated. Antennal flagellum with numerous long setae directed ventrally. First maxilliped without epipod. Third maxillipeds with endopod-exopod joint moderately separated. Carpus and palm of chelipeds each with 5 strong spines on dorsomesial margin. Propodus of second pereopods with row of 5–7 spines on dorsal margin.
Redescription. Shield (Fig. 1 A) about as long as broad, dorsal surface with few small spines anteriorly, short transverse rows of small spines mostly near anterolateral margins, and scattered tufts of short setae; rostrum blunt, broadly subtriangular, not reaching tip level of lateral projections or basis of ocular acicles, upper surface somewhat concave; lateral projections obtuse, exceeding rostrum in distal extension, ending in marginal spine. Posterior margin rounded. Anterolateral angles each with 1 moderately strong spine. Branchiostegites each with row of spinules on dorsomesial and distal margins, concealed partially by tufts of long setae.
Ocular peduncles (Fig. 1 A) long, slender, slightly compressed medially, about 0.90 length of shield. Ocular acicles subtriangular, terminating in strong spine, separated by approximately 0.33 basal width of 1 acicle.
Antennular peduncles (Fig. 1 A) long, distal segment overreaching ocular peduncles by 0.50 length of ultimate segment. Ultimate and penultimate segments unarmed, with some tufts of setae on ventral and dorsal margins. Basal segment with 1 small spine on distal ventromesial margin, 1 small spine on laterodistal margin, and 1 moderately strong subdistal spine on lateral margin.
Antennal peduncles (Fig. 1 A) with supernumerary segments, overreaching distal margin of corneas by about 0.33 of fifth segment. Fifth segment unarmed, with few short setae on ventrolateral margin and dorsal surface. Fourth segment with small dorsodistal spine. Third segment with 1 strong or moderately strong spine on ventromesiodistal angle and tufts of long setae. Second segment with dorsolateral distal angle moderately to strongly produced, ending in single spine; lateral margin unarmed; dorsomesial distal angle ending in strong spine, mesial margin with tufts of setae. First segment with ventrodistal margin produced, with 1 moderately strong laterodistal spine. Antennal acicle nearly straight, approximately 0.25 length of antennal peduncle, mesial margin armed with 2–4 spines, lateral margin with 2 small spines or spinules subdistally, ending in bifid spine. Antennal flagella long, approximately 1.50 length of shield, consisting of about 21 articles and reaching to tip of cheliped fingers when totally extended, ventrally with rows of long setae 3–6 flagellar articles in length.
Mandible without distinguishing characters. Maxillule (Fig. 2 A) with proximal endite subquadrate, distal endite subrectangular, enlarged distally; endopod with 1 proximal seta, 3–5 stout setae or bristles on weakly produced internal lobe, external lobe well developed, recurved, approximately 0.75 length of endopod, external angle with 7 long setae. Maxilla (Fig. 2 B) with endopod moderately long, extending to distal margin of scaphognathite, somewhat inflated basally. First maxilliped (Fig. 2 C) with endopod elongate, approximately 0.70 length of basal segment of exopod, strongly twisted; flagellum short, unsegmented, with long, marginal plumose setae distally; epipod absent. Second maxilliped (Fig. 2 D) with basis-ischium fusion incomplete. Third maxilliped (Fig. 2 E) with joint of endopod and exopod moderately separated; basis-ischium fusion incomplete; coxa with 3 or 4 small spines distally concealed partially by long setae; basis usually with 2 or 3 small spines; ischium with crista dentata well developed, with 10–12 teeth, without accessory tooth, usually with 1 small spine on dorsodistal margin; merus with 1 or 2 spines on ventrolateral margin, dorsodistal margin with 1 small spine; carpus, propodus and dactyl unarmed.
Chelipeds subequal, right slightly longer than left, similar in armature (Fig. 3 A, B). Dactyls each about 1.75 times longer than palms; dorsomesial margin with row of strong, corneous-tipped spines decreasing in size distally and accompanied with tufts of long setae; dorsal surface with 2 irregular longitudinal rows of corneous-tipped spines accompanied by tufts of long setae; mesial surface with 2 irregular longitudinal rows of spines, upper largest; ventral surface with scattered tufts of long setae; cutting edge with small calcareous denticles interspaced with small corneous spines; terminating in an acute corneous claw overlapped by fixed finger. Palms each about 0.80 length of carpi; dorsomesial margin armed with 5 prominent, corneous-tipped conical spines accompanied with tufts of long setae; dorsolateral margin armed with small, corneous-tipped spines or tubercles, more numerous on fixed finger; dorsal surface with 4 or 5 irregular longitudinal rows of corneous-tipped spines smaller than on dorsomesial margin, each accompanied by tufts of long setae; mesial surface nearly straight, with scattered granules or tubercles, larger near dorsal margin and accompanied by long setae; lateral surface slightly convex, with few small spines accompanied by tufts of long setae; ventral surface with few spines or tubercles extending on fixed finger. Fixed finger ending in small corneous claw; dorsal surface with 2 or 3 irregular longitudinal rows of corneous-tipped spines accompanied by tufts of long setae. Carpi short, each about 0.80 length of meri, subquadrate in cross-section; dorsomesial margin with 5 or 6 strong, corneous-tipped spines increasing in size distally; dorsolateral margin with 4 or 5 small spines; dorsal surface flat, with few tufts of long setae; mesial and lateral surfaces with few flattened granules or tubercles accompanied by tufts of long setae; ventrolateral distal angle with 1 or 2 moderately strong spines. Meri triangular in cross-section; dorsal surface with small granules partially concealed by tufts of long setae; distal and subdistal margins each armed with 1 large corneous-tipped spine; ventromesial and ventrolateral margins spinose, with larger spines on mesial margin; mesial surface smooth; external surface with few small granules and tufts of long setae. Ischia each with row of small spines on ventromesial margin; ventrolateral distal angle with 1 moderately strong spine.
Second (Fig. 3 C) and third (Fig. 3 D) pereopods slender, similar right from left except slightly in armature, exceeding to chelipeds by approximately 0.50 of dactyls length when totally extended. Dactyls each 1.30–1.40 times length of propodi; dorsal surface with double row of tufts of long setae; mesial and lateral surfaces each with median longitudinal row of setae, longer on mesial surface; ventromesial and ventrolateral margins and ventral surface each with row of tufts of long setae. Propodi 1.28–1.30 times length of carpi; dorsal surface with row of 5–7 moderately strong spines (second, spines weakly developed and less in number in specimens SL ≤ 2.0 mm), or 1 anterior and 1 posterior (third) and tufts of long setae; mesial surface usually with 2 longitudinal rows of long setae; lateral surface with shallow longitudinal sulcus and usually 2 rows of long setae; ventral surface with 1 irregular (second) or 2 rows (third) of small, spiniform granules accompanied by tufts of short setae. Carpi each 0.77–0.88 times length of meri; dorsal surface with 1 row of spines (second), or 1 or 2 small spines (third), 1 distal and 1 posterior, and tufts of long setae; mesial, lateral and ventral surfaces with tufts of long setae. Meri compressed laterally; dorsal surface of each usually with 1 or 2 small spines concealed partially by tufts of long setae; ventral surface with row of spinules on ventromesial margin (second), or with 1 or 2 denticles (third); mesial and lateral surfaces with few tufts of short setae. Ischia each with few small spines on ventromesial margin concealed partially by tufts of long setae; dorsodistal margin with 1 spine (longer on second pereopods). Coxa of second pereopods each with 1 small ventrodistal spine, third pereopods unarmed.
Sternite XII (between third pereopods; Fig. 1 B) with anterior lobe subdivided in 2, with tufts of long setae. Fourth pereopods (Fig. 1 C) subchelate; dactyl 0.80 times length of propodus, ventrolateral margin unarmed, preungual process long, slender; propodi each with 3 rows of ovate scales on propodal rasp, and 1 spine on dorsolateral proximal margin. Carpi and meri unarmed.
Fifth pereopods chelate; dactyls each with 2 or 3 rows of small corneous spines; propodi each with well developed propodal rasp bearing several rows of small corneous spines.
Male first and second pleopods modified as gonopods. First gonopod (Fig. 1 D) with tuft of long setae on mesial margin of basal lobe and superior mesial angle, lateral margin of basal lobe naked; inferior lamella with several rows of long setae on lateral margin, distal margin with row of simple, bifid or trifid, curved corneous spines extending on mesial face; external lobe subtriangular, exceeding inferior lamella in distal extension, naked; inner lobe subtriangular, with setae on mesial margin and inner margin. Second gonopod (Fig. 1 E) with distal segment longer than basal segment, slightly twisted, with long simple setae on laterobasal margin and distally on lateral and mesial margins; basal segment naked. Pleopods 3–5 unpaired, exopod well developed, endopod vestigial or absent.
Female first pleopods (gonopods, Fig. 1 F) with submedian constriction incompletely dividing basal and distal segments; distal segment with long plumose setae on lateral and distal margins; basal segment naked or with some setae. Pleopods 2–5 lacking brood pouch, with dense long setae.
Uropods and telson (Fig. 1 G) asymmetrical; protopod with pair of granules or denticles distally. Telson with distinct, deep lateral incisions dividing anterior and posterior portions; posterior portion separated in 2 unequal lobes by moderately deep median cleft, terminal margins of lobes each armed with 5 or 6 corneous-tipped spines, 2 of which on left lobe are largest and on lateral margin of lobe; anterior portions unarmed except for tufts of long setae laterally.
Color. According to Glassell (1937: 246), specimens fixed in ethanol: "the ground color is an iridescent cream with dashes and splotches of crimson, this extends to the chelipeds and legs, the former are more highly colored on the inside, while the latter appear to be banded. The setae are a straw colored yellow".
Habitat and ecology. This is an abundant species which occurs rarely in less than 40 m, and frequently in 60 m or deeper (Haig et al. 1970, Ayón-Parente & Hendrickx 2010a). The material collected by Glassell (1937) was found on sandy substrate with rocks, between 55– 155 m. Material collected during the SIPCO and CORTES cruises was obtained in 20– 110 m. The organisms were found on mixed substrate, including sandy substrate mixed with varying proportions of clay and silt, and sand substrates mixed with silt and clay. Epibenthic temperature ranged from 14.5–29.4°C and oxygen concentration from 1.47 to 4.00 ml/l. Occasionally Areopaguristes praedator nov. comb. can tolerate a range of slight to severe hypoxia (0.39 to <1.00 ml/l). Specimens were mostly found in shells of Phos veraguensis Hinds, 1843, P. articulatus Hinds, 1844, Fusinus panamensis Dall, 1908, Conus sp., Bursa sonorana Berry, 1960, Terebra sp., Hindsiclava militaris Reeve, 1843, Turritela nodulosa King & Broderip, 1832, and Trajana perideris (Dall, 1910). Ovigerous females were observed during the months of February, May, June and August. One female (SL 2.80 mm) was carrying 315 eggs with a diameter range of 0.55–0.60 mm.
Distribution. Eastern Pacific: from west coast of Baja California and the Gulf of California, to Costa Rica (Hendrickx & Harvey 1999, this study). Depth: 6– 155 m.
Remarks. The study of the extensive material (including holotype and paratypes) of this species previously still assigned to Paguristes, revealed that it possesses 12 pairs of gills and therefore, by the current definition of Areopaguristes, should be assigned to that genus. Although incomplete and lacking illustrations, the original description by Glassell (1937) is sufficiently accurate. The only discrepancy in Glassell’s description with the type material is in the armature of the telson. Glassell described the distal margin of the telson as unarmed, but in the types the distal margin is distinctly armed with corneous-tipped spines.
When Areopaguristes praedator nov. comb. is compared with congeners from the eastern Pacific, it shows most resemblance with A. lemaitrei. Both species have a truncated rostrum, not extending to the distal level of the lateral projections or bases of ocular acicles. Areopaguristes praedator nov. comb. can be easily differentiated from A. lemaitrei by the shape of the eyestalks, which are proportionately longer and thinner than in the latter. In A. praedator nov. comb., the ocular acicles are distinctly separated and end in a strong, simple or rarely bifid spine directed anterolaterally, the antennal acicle has two or three spines on the mesial margin, whereas in A. lemaitrei the acicles are nearly contiguous, the ocular acicles end in a multidentate spine directed anteriorly, and the antennal acicles has four to six spines on the mesial margin. The dactyls of the second and third pereopods are unarmed in A. praedator nov. comb., whereas in A. lemaitrei the dactyls bear small spines on dorsal and ventral margins. The other major difference between these two species is the absence of an epipod on the first maxilliped of A. praedator nov. comb., whereas an epipod is present in A. lemaitrei.
description: Published as part of Ayón-Parente, Manuel, Hendrickx, Michel E. & Lemaitre, Rafael, 2015, Redescription and taxonomic status of Paguristes praedator Glassell, 1937 and P. oxyophthalmus Holthuis, 1959 (Anomura: Paguroidea: Diogenidae), with an emendation to the diagnosis of the genus Areopaguristes Rahayu & McLaughlin, 2010, pp. 491-509 in Zootaxa 3915 (4) on pages 494-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3915.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/234099