cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Barren plateaus are swamped with traps
Creators: name: Nemkov, Nikita A.
name: Kiktenko, Evgeniy O.
name: Fedorov, Aleksey K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two main challenges preventing efficient training of variational quantum algorithms and quantum machine learning models are local minima and barren plateaus. Typically, barren plateaus are associated with deep circuits, while shallow circuits have been shown to suffer from suboptimal local minima. We point out a simple mechanism that creates exponentially many poor local minima specifically in the barren plateau regime. These local minima are trivial solutions, optimizing only a few terms in the loss function, leaving the rest on their barren plateaus. More precisely, we show the existence of approximate local minima, optimizing a single loss term, and conjecture the existence of exact local minima, optimizing only a logarithmic fraction of all loss function terms. One implication of our findings is that simply yielding large gradients is not sufficient to render an initialization strategy a meaningful solution to the barren plateau problem.
description: 9+5 pages
Testing Cotton gravity as dark matter substitute with weak lensing
Creators: name: Mo, Geyu
name: Wang, Qingqing
name: Ren, Xin
name: Yan, Weitong
name: Ong, Yen Chin
name: Luo, Wentao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Harada proposed a modified theory of gravity called Cotton gravity, and argued that it successfully explains the rotation curves of $84$ galaxies without the need of dark matter. In this work we use galaxy-galaxy lensing technique to test whether the modification effect of Cotton gravity can indeed be a viable substitute for dark matter. Using the spherically symmetric solution of Cotton gravity, we obtain the deflection angle via Gauss-Bonnet theorem and the weak lensing shear. We use five galaxy catalogs divided in 5 stellar mass bins from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 (SDSS DR7), each of which is further divided into blue star forming galaxy and red passive galaxy sub-catalogs. We find that Cotton gravity on its own has significant deviation from the measured galaxy-galaxy lensing signals, thus it cannot replace the role of dark matter. If we consider the combination of dark matter and Cotton gravity, the modification is tightly constrained. Our analysis also applies to other modified gravity theories whose an additional linear term appears in the Schwarzschild solution.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
Doing mathematics in kindergarten: Under what conditions?
Creators: name: Hersant, Magali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article, we identify the didactic conditions for learning mathematics in kindergarten. To do so, we rely on the framework of the theory of didactic situations (Brousseau, 1998) and the notion of problem-situation (Douady, 1984). We first explain what constitutes for us the stakes of teaching mathematics in kindergarten and then, based on examples, we highlight the conditions related to the stakes of the pupils' activity, to the characteristics of the situations proposed to the pupils and to the teacher's interventions.
description: in French language
Exact corrections for finite-time drift and diffusion coefficients
Creators: name: Anteneodo, C.
name: Riera, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Real data are constrained to finite sampling rates, which calls for a suitable mathematical description of the corrections to the finite-time estimations of the dynamic equations. Often in the literature, lower order discrete time approximations of the modeling diffusion processes are considered. On the other hand, there is a lack of simple estimating procedures based on higher order approximations. For standard diffusion models, that include additive and multiplicative noise components, we obtain the exact corrections to the empirical finite-time drift and diffusion coefficients, based on Itô-Taylor expansions. These results allow to reconstruct the real hidden coefficients from the empirical estimates. We also derive higher-order finite-time expressions for the third and fourth conditional moments, that furnish extra theoretical checks for that class of diffusive models. The theoretical predictions are compared with the numerical outcomes of some representative artificial time-series.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
An aspect of pyrone chemistry
Creators: name: Webster, Godfrey Robin Barrie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Since 1893, acetate has been regarded as a very important precursor of naturally occurring phenolic compounds. Although intensive work has been directed at the complete elucidation of this biogenetic pathway, a satisfactory method has yet to be devised for the synthesis of the polyketide chains proposed as intermediates in the acetate scheme. Labelling studies with such compounds would provide information regarding their intermediate role in the acetate route to aromatic compounds. Efforts to date to synthesize these extended poly-β-ketone chains have been unsuccessful. Polypyrones, containing potential polyketide chains, appeared to offer a feasible solution. Synthesis of these compounds by fusing successive C₃ units to triacetic lactone proved successful, and by this method, bis-, tris-, and tetrapyrone systems were constructed. Basic hydrolysis of these fused pyrone systems, followed by intramolecular aldol condensation, demonstrated that naturally occurring phenolic compounds could be synthesized by the cyclization of a polyketide intermediate.
A short proof of Cramer's theorem in R
Creators: name: Cerf, Raphael
name: Petit, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F10

description: We expose here a short proof of Cramer's theorem in R based on convex duality.
Determinanten institutioneller Vielfalt
Creators: name: Buchen, Clemens
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2012
Subjects: institutions; institutional determinants; political economy; legal origins

description: The paper attempts to assess the validity of competing theories of institutional determinants and change using a sample of both transition countries and non-transition countries. Economic theory explains the determinants of institutions as results of political economy approaches, legal origin theory or culture differences between societies. As dependent institutional variables investor protection, labor market institutions and a composite index of coordination are chosen. In order to allow for different slopes and intercepts of transition countries several interaction terms are included. All variables are able to explain some of the variation across countries, but it seems that for transition countries political and cultural approaches are most applicable.
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 20, No 1 (2012)
Quantum Origin of Limit Cycles, Fixed Points, and Critical Slowing Down
Creators: name: Dutta, Shovan
name: Zhang, Shu
name: Haque, Masudul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among the most iconic features of classical dissipative dynamics are persistent limit-cycle oscillations and critical slowing down at the onset of such oscillations, where the system relaxes purely algebraically in time. On the other hand, quantum systems subject to generic Markovian dissipation decohere exponentially in time, approaching a unique steady state. Here we show how coherent limit-cycle oscillations and algebraic decay can emerge in a quantum system governed by a Markovian master equation as one approaches the classical limit, illustrating general mechanisms using a single-spin model and a two-site lossy Bose-Hubbard model. In particular, we demonstrate that the fingerprint of a limit cycle is a slow-decaying branch with vanishing decoherence rates in the Liouville spectrum, while a power-law decay is realized by a spectral collapse at the bifurcation point. We also show how these are distinct from the case of a classical fixed point, for which the quantum spectrum is gapped and can be generated from the linearized classical dynamics.
description: Accepted version: 4 pages, 6 figures + supplement
Core polarization for the electric quadrupole moment of neutron-rich Aluminum isotopes
Creators: name: Yoshida, Kenichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The core polarization effect for the electric quadrupole moment of the neutron-rich $^{31}$Al, $^{33}$Al and $^{35}$Al isotopes in the vicinity of the island of inversion are investigated by means of the microscopic particle-vibration coupling model in which the Skyrme Hartee-Fock-Bogoliubov and quasiparticle-random-phase approximation are used to calculate the single-quasiparticle wave functions and the excitation modes. It is found that the polarization charge for the proton $1d_{5/2}$ hole state in $^{33}$Al is quite sensitive to coupling to the neutrons in the $pf$-shell associated with the pairing correlations, and that the polarization charge in $^{35}$Al becomes larger due to the stronger collectivity of the low-lying quadrupole vibrational mode in the neighboring $^{36}$Si nucleus.
description: Submitted to Phys. Rev. C
Nonperturbative correlation functions from homotopy algebras
Creators: name: Konosu, Keisuke
name: Okawa, Yuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formula for correlation functions based on quantum $A_\infty$ algebras in arXiv:2203.05366, arXiv:2305.11634, and arXiv:2305.13103 requires us to divide the action into the free part and the interaction part. We present a new form of the formula which does not involve such division. The new formula requires us to choose a solution to the equations of motion which does not have to be real, and we claim that the formula gives correlation functions evaluated on the Lefschetz thimble associated with the solution we chose. Our formula correctly reproduces correlation functions in perturbation theory, but it can be valid nonperturbatively, and we present numerical evidence for scalar field theories in zero dimensions both in the Euclidean case and the Lorentzian case that correlation functions for finite coupling constants can be reproduced. When the theory consists of a single Lefschetz thimble, our formula gives correlation functions of the theory by choosing the solution corresponding to the thimble. When the theory consists of multiple Lefschetz thimbles, we need to evaluate the ratios of the partition functions for those thimbles and we describe a method of such evaluations based on quantum $A_\infty$ algebras in a forthcoming paper.
description: 45 pages, 9 figures; v2: major improvements in the figures and numerous minor improvements in the text, references added; v3: the second and third paragraphs in section 5 and footnote 6 in section 2 added, version published in JHEP
Epistemological Letters 21
Creators: name: Bonsack, F.
name: Selleri, F.
name: Tarozzi, G.
name: Destouches, J.-L.
name: Costa de Beauregard, O.
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2023

description: Issue 21 is a written symposium on the foundations of quantum physics, edited by François Bonsack, Abner Shimony, and others. It was published and distributed to a limited mailing list by Association Ferdinand Gonseth.
Using the Uniqueness of Global Identifiers to Determine the Provenance of Python Software Source Code
Creators: name: Sun, Yiming
name: German, Daniel M.
name: Zacchiroli, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of identifying the provenance of free/open source software (FOSS) and specifically the need of identifying where reused source code has been copied from. We propose a lightweight approach to solve the problem based on software identifiers-such as the names of variables, classes, and functions chosen by programmers. The proposed approach is able to efficiently narrow down to a small set of candidate origin products, to be further analyzed with more expensive techniques to make a final provenance determination.By analyzing the PyPI (Python Packaging Index) open source ecosystem we find that globally defined identifiers are very distinct. Across PyPI's 244 K packages we found 11.2 M different global identifiers (classes and method/function names-with only 0.6% of identifiers shared among the two types of entities); 76% of identifiers were used only in one package, and 93% in at most 3. Randomly selecting 3 non-frequent global identifiers from an input product is enough to narrow down its origins to a maximum of 3 products within 89% of the cases.We validate the proposed approach by mapping Debian source packages implemented in Python to the corresponding PyPI packages; this approach uses at most five trials, where each trial uses three randomly chosen global identifiers from a randomly chosen python file of the subject software package, then ranks results using a popularity index and requires to inspect only the top result. In our experiments, this method is effective at finding the true origin of a project with a recall of 0.9 and precision of 0.77.
The European Private Company: Do We Need Another 28th Private Legal Form in the EU? On Regulatory Competition of Corporate Law
Creators: name: Eckardt, Martina
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2012
Subjects: corporate law; internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises; regulatory competition; European integration

description: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are of vital importance for employment, innovation and growth in the EU member states. However, so far only a rather small number participates in international business activities. The European private company is intended to support SMEs’ internationalization. In this paper we analyse whether such an additional supranational legal form is necessary. In a first step we show that from the normative point of view of interjurisdictional competition arguments from welfare economics, public choice and evolutionary economics are mainly in favour of it. In a next step we ask from a positive point of view whether it is nevertheless necessary at all. We discuss to what extent horizontal competition on legal forms is already working within the EU. We find that there is some competition taking place, however, so far it does not address specifically the needs of SMEs when doing business internationally
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 20, No 1 (2012)
Efficient randomized-adaptive designs
Creators: name: Hu, Feifang
name: Zhang, Li-Xin
name: He, Xuming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F15, 62G10 (Primary) 60F05, 60F10 (Secondary)

description: Response-adaptive randomization has recently attracted a lot of attention in the literature. In this paper, we propose a new and simple family of response-adaptive randomization procedures that attain the Cramer--Rao lower bounds on the allocation variances for any allocation proportions, including optimal allocation proportions. The allocation probability functions of proposed procedures are discontinuous. The existing large sample theory for adaptive designs relies on Taylor expansions of the allocation probability functions, which do not apply to nondifferentiable cases. In the present paper, we study stopping times of stochastic processes to establish the asymptotic efficiency results. Furthermore, we demonstrate our proposal through examples, simulations and a discussion on the relationship with earlier works, including Efron's biased coin design.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AOS655 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
SpotKube: Cost-Optimal Microservices Deployment with Cluster Autoscaling and Spot Pricing
Creators: name: Edirisinghe, Dasith
name: Rajapakse, Kavinda
name: Abeysinghe, Pasindu
name: Rathnayake, Sunimal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Microservices architecture, known for its agility and efficiency, is an ideal framework for cloud-based software development and deployment. When integrated with containerization and orchestration systems, resource management becomes more streamlined. However, cloud computing costs remain a critical concern, necessitating effective strategies to minimize expenses without compromising performance. Cloud platforms like AWS offer transient pricing options, such as Spot Pricing, to reduce operational costs. However, unpredictable demand and abrupt termination of spot VMs introduce challenges. By leveraging containerization and intelligent orchestration, microservices deployment costs can be optimized while maintaining performance requirements. We present SpotKube, an open-source, Kubernetes-based solution that employs a genetic algorithm for cost optimization. Designed to dynamically scale clusters for microservice applications on public clouds using spot pricing, SpotKube analyzes application characteristics to recommend optimal resource allocations. This ensures cost-effective deployments without sacrificing performance. Its elastic cluster autoscaler adapts to changing demands, gracefully managing node terminations to minimize disruptions in system availability.Evaluations conducted using real-world public cloud setups demonstrate SpotKube's superior performance and cost efficiency compared to alternative optimization strategies.
description: 8 pages including references, 9 figures, Keywords: Microservices, Cost Optimization, Genetic Algorithm, Transient Pricing, Cluster Auto Scaling
Explosive Percolation in the Human Protein Homology Network
Creators: name: Rozenfeld, Hernán D.
name: Gallos, Lazaros K.
name: Makse, Hernán A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the explosive character of the percolation transition in a real-world network. We show that the emergence of a spanning cluster in the Human Protein Homology Network (H-PHN) exhibits similar features to an Achlioptas-type process and is markedly different from regular random percolation. The underlying mechanism of this transition can be described by slow-growing clusters that remain isolated until the later stages of the process, when the addition of a small number of links leads to the rapid interconnection of these modules into a giant cluster. Our results indicate that the evolutionary-based process that shapes the topology of the H-PHN through duplication-divergence events may occur in sudden steps, similarly to what is seen in first-order phase transitions.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Exploring Sentiment Analysis Techniques in Natural Language Processing: A Comprehensive Review
Creators: name: Gunasekaran, Karthick Prasad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sentiment analysis (SA) is the automated process of detecting and understanding the emotions conveyed through written text. Over the past decade, SA has gained significant popularity in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). With the widespread use of social media and online platforms, SA has become crucial for companies to gather customer feedback and shape their marketing strategies. Additionally, researchers rely on SA to analyze public sentiment on various topics. In this particular research study, a comprehensive survey was conducted to explore the latest trends and techniques in SA. The survey encompassed a wide range of methods, including lexicon-based, graph-based, network-based, machine learning, deep learning, ensemble-based, rule-based, and hybrid techniques. The paper also addresses the challenges and opportunities in SA, such as dealing with sarcasm and irony, analyzing multi-lingual data, and addressing ethical concerns. To provide a practical case study, Twitter was chosen as one of the largest online social media platforms. Furthermore, the researchers shed light on the diverse application areas of SA, including social media, healthcare, marketing, finance, and politics. The paper also presents a comparative and comprehensive analysis of existing trends and techniques, datasets, and evaluation metrics. The ultimate goal is to offer researchers and practitioners a systematic review of SA techniques, identify existing gaps, and suggest possible improvements. This study aims to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of SA processes, leading to smoother and error-free outcomes.
Uncovered Interest Parity in Central and Eastern Europe: Convergence and the Global Financial Crisis
Creators: name: Filipozzi, Fabio
name: Staehr, Karsten
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2012
Subjects: UIP; financial integration; global financial crisis; Central and Eastern Europe

description: This paper presents tests of uncovered interest parity in Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Romania; all countries in Central and Eastern Europe with floating exchange rates. Data are monthly and the trading horizon is three months. The estimations show that the UIP hypothesis is rejected for the full sample from 1999 to 2011 for all five countries. A number of reasons for the rejection were investigated. Rolling regressions show that standard versions of the UIP essentially lose all explanatory power in 2008-10, which was a period in which the global financial crisis led to instability in currency and interest markets in Central and Eastern Europe. Two indicators of global risk aversion were also found to enter significantly in the many UIP estimations. Finally, the size of the interest rates spread also seems to be of importance, at least for Poland and Romania
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 20, No 1 (2012)
Prozessierung von Biosensorlösungen : Herausforderungen während des Beschichtungs- und Trocknungsprozesses
Creators: name: Walz, Anna-Lena
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2022
Subjects: Prozessierung
Enzymaktivität
elektrische Leitfähigkeit
Beschichtung
Trocknung
Glucosesensoren
FAD-GDH
PEDOT:PSS
PVA

description: Biosensoren sind ein weitverbreitetes analytisches Werkzeug und stellen mit ihrem einmaligen Funktionsprinzip einen Schlüssel für innovative Technologien dar. Als kommerzielles Produkt sind eine Vielzahl an Modifikationen von Biosensoren der zweiten Generation erhältlich. Dennoch besteht ein großes Interesse an der Weiterentwicklung der Glucosesensoren hin zur dritten Generation, welche auf eine mediatorfreie und somit direkte Übertragung der Elektronen setzen. Trotz der zahlreichen Fortschritte stellt die kommerzielle Verfügbarkeit von Biosensoren der dritten Generation eine große Herausforderung dar, da die Sensoren meist auf den fachgerechten Gebrauch im Labor ausgerichtet sind. Dies macht sie für eine kostengünstige Produktion im großen Maßstab und mit hoher Stückzahl ungeeignet. Daher werden verfahrenstechnische Kernkompetenzen benötigt, die die Prozessierung von Biosensorlösungen sowohl im kleinen Batch-Maßstab als auch kontinuierlich im großtechnischen Rahmen erlauben. Das nachhaltige Entwicklungspotential, das dadurch geboten werden kann, ist Gegenstand dieser Arbeit.
Model-based temporal unmixing towards quantitative photo-switching optoacoustic tomography
Creators: name: Liu, Yan
name: Chuah, Jonathan
name: Huang, Yishu
name: Stiel, Andre C.
name: Unser, Michael
name: Dong, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optoacoustic (OA) imaging combined with reversibly photoswitchable proteins has emerged as a promising technology for the high-sensitivity and multiplexed imaging of cells in live tissues in preclinical research. Through carefully-designed illumination schedules of ON and OFF laser pulses, the resulting OA signal is a multiplex of different reporter species and the background. We propose a model-based variational framework to computationally unmix and image different species of photo-switching reporters using optoacoustic tomography. It is based on a detailed mathematical description of the photo-switching mechanism, which models how relevant physical parameters such as the kinetic constants and light fluence impact the switching signal. We introduce an algorithm that operates on images, as opposed to traditional pixelwise approaches. It takes the form of an iterative inversion combined with tailored $\ell_1$ and total-variation regularization to increase the robustness to noise and to improve the unmixing quality. We show that our method is able to disentangle multiple spatially overlapping labels and to recover continuous maps of quantities of interest on controlled phantoms and mice experiments.
title: Directory of Transportation Data Sources, 1996
Creators: name: Phillips, Althea
name: Maccalous, Sarah
name: Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
Publisher: name: Bureau of Transportation Statistics
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/05xfdey77
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1996
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97322
subject: Data collection
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97349
subject: Databases
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97453
subject: Directories
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/96717
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/87904
subject: Transportation

description: 708p. in various pagings
description: This publication has been released by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) of DOT. This 708-page document identifies data sources within DOT, other federal government agencies, state government agencies, U.S. private transportation organizations, and Canadian and Mexican agencies. A data source is defined as a computerized database developed within the above agencies for internal or external use, as well as regularly scheduled or special printed statistical reports published but not included on a computerized system. Information available from this document includes a brief description of the data source, various attribute information, the sponsoring organization, information on where to obtain the data source, as well as a contact for additional information.
Sustainability of Rural Family Enterprises
Creators: name: Kirsipuu, Maret
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2012
Subjects: family entrepreneur; family enterprise; organisational culture; strategy; management

description: Family enterprises have been researched in traditional, stable market economies, to a lesser extent also in former socialist economies. A special focus has been on family enterprises’ sustainability and it has been discovered that one of the main pain spots is the change of generation related problems. Family enterprises can be sustainable only when they are prepared for a generation change. Family business culture and family traditions in Estonia have been broken. After Estonia regained independence in 1991, entrepreneurs started to restore previous farms and wished to continue family traditions of their ancestors; entrepreneurship started to develop and many people, especially in rural areas, started a family business. In 2012, these family entrepreneurs have a choice to make how to ensure that their family business will stay sustainable, how to pass family business over to their descendants so that the family business traditions won’t cease. This paper seeks to analyse factors that inhibit sustainability of family enterprises. The data sources are special scientific literature and the questionnaire surveys and interviews with family entrepreneurs conducted by the author over 2007−2011. It is possible to ensure that a family enterprise is sustainable only when the family entrepreneurs are prepared for the generation change. The present and future family entrepreneurs in Estonia can get information from this paper about the problems that may arise in connection with the generation change and knowledge to ensure sustainability of their family business.
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 20, No 1 (2012)
Multi-GeV Electron Spectrometer
Creators: name: Faccini, R.
name: Anelli, F.
name: Bacci, A.
name: Batani, D.
name: Bellaveglia, M.
name: Benocci, R.
name: Benedetti, C.
name: Cacciotti, L.
name: Cecchetti, C. A.
name: Clozza, A.
name: Cultrera, L.
name: Di~Pirro, G.
name: Drenska, N.
name: Anelli, F.
name: Ferrario, M.
name: Filippetto, D.
name: Fioravanti, S.
name: Gallo, A.
name: Gamucci, A.
name: Gatti, G.
name: Ghigo, A.
name: Giulietti, A.
name: Giulietti, D.
name: Gizzi, L. A.
name: Koester, P.
name: Labate, L.
name: Levato, T.
name: Lollo, V.
name: Londrillo, P.
name: Martellotti, S.
name: Pace, E.
name: Patack, N.
name: Rossi, A.
name: Tani, F.
name: Serafini, L.
name: Turchetti, G.
name: Vaccarezza, C.
name: Valente, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advance in laser plasma acceleration techniques pushes the regime of the resulting accelerated particles to higher energies and intensities. In particular the upcoming experiments with the FLAME laser at LNF will enter the GeV regime with almost 1pC of electrons. From the current status of understanding of the acceleration mechanism, relatively large angular and energy spreads are expected. There is therefore the need to develop a device capable to measure the energy of electrons over three orders of magnitude (few MeV to few GeV) under still unknown angular divergences. Within the PlasmonX experiment at LNF a spectrometer is being constructed to perform these measurements. It is made of an electro-magnet and a screen made of scintillating fibers for the measurement of the trajectories of the particles. The large range of operation, the huge number of particles and the need to focus the divergence present unprecedented challenges in the design and construction of such a device. We will present the design considerations for this spectrometer and the first results from a prototype.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, submitted to NIM A
title: Memories and identities in architecture and sculpture: an analysis of memory theatres in Ancient Athens and Jerusalem
Creators: name: Parker-Banks, Alexandria Roseline
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2020

description: The research for this dissertation focuses on how social, selective, and community memories are depicted in Memory Theatres in acts of dominance and resistance. The aim of this research is to define how Memory Theatres functioned as spaces used to recreate or erase memories in the reconstruction or removal of a society and its identity. To explore how Memory Theatres functioned, this research focuses on fifth century BC Athens, ancient Jerusalem, and the synagogues: Sepphoris, Beth Alpha, and Na’aran. By exploring these three different case studies, it will enable this research to analyse how Memory Theatres worked in different spaces, examining its similarities and differences. It will also explore how the recreation of identity of individuals and a state was achieved as part of the function of the Memory Theatre through the representation of selective social and community memories. It is hoped that this study will help to define Memory Theatres and the role they played in the reconstruction and destruction of a society and its identity.
A simultaneous unbinned differential cross section measurement of twenty-four $Z$+jets kinematic observables with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $Z$ boson events at the Large Hadron Collider can be selected with high purity and are sensitive to a diverse range of QCD phenomena. As a result, these events are often used to probe the nature of the strong force, improve Monte Carlo event generators, and search for deviations from Standard Model predictions. All previous measurements of $Z$ boson production characterize the event properties using a small number of observables and present the results as differential cross sections in predetermined bins. In this analysis, a machine learning method called OmniFold is used to produce a simultaneous measurement of twenty-four $Z$+jets observables using $139$ fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV collected with the ATLAS detector. Unlike any previous fiducial differential cross-section measurement, this result is presented unbinned as a dataset of particle-level events, allowing for flexible re-use in a variety of contexts and for new observables to be constructed from the twenty-four measured observables.
description: 41 pages in total, author list starting on page 24, 8 figures, 0 tables, published in PRL. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2020-17. Version 2 includes an updated link to the public Gitlab repository
Economic Growth, Convergence and Innovation in the EU Regions
Creators: name: Paas, Tiiu
name: Vahi, Triin
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2012
Subjects: regional disparities; convergence; innovation; policy implications

description: The paper focuses on quantitative assessment of the innovation’s role in explaining regional disparities and convergence in Europe. The empirical part of the study bases on the regional GDP pc and innovation indicators on the EU-27 NUTS2 level regions. Based on the selected set of initial regional innovation indicators and using the principal components factor analysis method, three composite indicators of regional innovation capacity are extracted. Estimating convergence equations, we noticed that regional innovations tend to increase inter-regional differences, at least during the short-run period. Thus, if regional income convergence is a policy target, additional policy measures beside innovation activities should be effectively implemented.
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 20, No 1 (2012)
You and the ecumenical council.
Creators: name: Not Assigned
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2023

description:
 No. 1. The purpose, the meaning -- No. 2. How the Council functions -- No. 3. The Catholic world (the inner renewal) -- No. 4. The mission apostolate, the laity -- No. 5. The outer renewal (Christian unity) -- No. 6. The Pope speaks.
WALLABY Pilot Survey: HI in the host galaxy of a Fast Radio Burst
Creators: name: Glowacki, M.
name: Lee-Waddell, K.
name: Deller, A. T.
name: Deg, N.
name: Gordon, A. C.
name: Grundy, J. A.
name: Marnoch, L.
name: Shen, A. X.
name: Ryder, S. D.
name: Shannon, R. M.
name: Wong, O. I.
name: Dénes, H.
name: Koribalski, B. S.
name: Murugeshan, C.
name: Rhee, J.
name: Westmeier, T.
name: Bhandari, S.
name: Bosma, A.
name: Holwerda, B. W.
name: Prochaska, J. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the commensal ASKAP detection of a fast radio burst (FRB), FRB20211127I, and the detection of neutral hydrogen (HI) emission in the FRB host galaxy, WALLABYJ131913-185018 (hereafter W13-18). This collaboration between the CRAFT and WALLABY survey teams marks the fifth, and most distant, FRB host galaxy detected in HI, not including the Milky Way. We find that W13-18 has a HI mass of $M_{\rm HI}$ = 6.5 $\times$ 10$^{9}$ M$_{\odot}$, a HI-to-stellar mass ratio of 2.17, and coincides with a continuum radio source of flux density at 1.4 GHz of 1.3 mJy. The HI global spectrum of W13-18 appears to be asymmetric, albeit the HI observation has a low S/N, and the galaxy itself appears modestly undisturbed. These properties are compared to the early literature of HI emission detected in other FRB hosts to date, where either the HI global spectra were strongly asymmetric, or there were clearly disrupted HI intensity map distributions. W13-18 lacks sufficient S/N to determine whether it is significantly less asymmetric in its HI distribution than previous examples of FRB host galaxies. However, there are no strong signs of a major interaction in the HI or optical image of the host galaxy that would stimulate a burst of star formation and hence the production of putative FRB progenitors related to massive stars and their compact remnants.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures. Published in ApJ
Spectra of Nearby Galaxies Measured with a New Very Broadband Receiver
Creators: name: Narayanan, Gopal
name: Snell, Ronald L.
name: Erickson, Neal R.
name: Chung, Aeree
name: Heyer, Mark H.
name: Yun, Min
name: Irvine, William M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three-millimeter-wavelength spectra of a number of nearby galaxies have been obtained at the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory (FCRAO) using a new, very broadband receiver. This instrument, which we call the Redshift Search Receiver, has an instantaneous bandwidth of 36 GHz and operates from 74 to 110.5 GHz. The receiver has been built at UMass/FCRAO to be part of the initial instrumentation for the Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) and is intended primarily for determination of the redshift of distant, dust-obscured galaxies. It is being tested on the FCRAO 14m by measuring the 3mm spectra of a number of nearby galaxies. There are interesting differences in the chemistry of these galaxies.
description: published in the Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union (2008), 4. Vol 251, pp 251-256 Cambridge University Press
title: No. 122 (2018): The Belt and Road Initiative
title: A Hybrid Model of Regionalism
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Grimmel, Andreas
name: Li, Yuan
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications Online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2019
Subjects: Belt and Road Initiative
New Silk Road
Old regionalism
New regionalism
Regional integration
China

description: Initiated under the Presidency of Xi Jinping in 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is still a young,

yet a fast-developing and most ambitious regionalist project. Despite BRI’s great potential to shape

international trade and – more broadly – international relations amongst participating countries and

beyond, scientific studies so far have largely neglected the question of how BRI goes together with

contemporary approaches of regionalism and regional integration. This article argues that BRI constitutes

a type of hybrid regionalism that seems to largely elude the old-new-regionalism divide and

instead, it embraces elements of both traditions. In order to elucidate this double nature of the project,

we will first discuss the idea of integration theory that has been developed in the context of the

European

integration process as well as such approaches that came up in the context of approaches

of new regionalism. On this basis, and by referring to central elements of BRI as well as current developments

in the framework of the project, we will shed light on the parallels and differences of BRI with

“old” and “new” regionalism.
Charging for Local Social Services: the Case of Estonia
Creators: name: Pihor, Katrin
name: Timpmann, Kadi
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2012
Subjects: public finance; municipalities; user charges; social services; Estonia

description: Increasing fiscal pressure has forced local governments to seek new sources of autonomous revenues for financing public services. Charging users of social services has been modest, but with an aging society and growing social costs, this option needs to be reconsidered. This paper combines the results of the survey on the application of user charges on local social services in Estonian local governments (LGs) with the official financial and population statistics in order to discover trends and explore factors determining the application of user charges in a small, unitary, highly centralised, post-soviet country. We conclude that user charges are mainly considered as a source of information and additional income to partially cover service costs – the possibilities of increased efficiency and demand control have remained undervalued. The probability of charging users of social services tends to be greater if the income level of inhabitants is higher, reflecting the ‘ability to pay’ principle. Charging users is more probable in the municipalities where the social costs are higher in volume or in proportion to the budget’s expenditures.
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 20, No 1 (2012)
Quarter-fraction factorial designs constructed via quaternary codes
Creators: name: Phoa, Frederick K. H.
name: Xu, Hongquan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62K15 (Primary)

description: The research of developing a general methodology for the construction of good nonregular designs has been very active in the last decade. Recent research by Xu and Wong [Statist. Sinica 17 (2007) 1191--1213] suggested a new class of nonregular designs constructed from quaternary codes. This paper explores the properties and uses of quaternary codes toward the construction of quarter-fraction nonregular designs. Some theoretical results are obtained regarding the aliasing structure of such designs. Optimal designs are constructed under the maximum resolution, minimum aberration and maximum projectivity criteria. These designs often have larger generalized resolution and larger projectivity than regular designs of the same size. It is further shown that some of these designs have generalized minimum aberration and maximum projectivity among all possible designs.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AOS656 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Meine Jahre mit Michael Mitterauer
Creators: name: Kuchenbuch, Ludolf
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Geschichte des ländlichen Raumes
Year: 2022

description: Jahrbuch für Geschichte des ländlichen Raumes, Bd. 6 (2009): Zwischen Land und Stadt. Wirtschaftsverflechtungen von ländlichen und städtischen Räumen in Europa 1300–1600
Optical superlattice for engineering Hubbard couplings in quantum simulation
Creators: name: Chalopin, Thomas
name: Bojović, Petar
name: Bourgund, Dominik
name: Wang, Si
name: Franz, Titus
name: Bloch, Immanuel
name: Hilker, Timon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum simulations of Hubbard models with ultracold atoms rely on the exceptional control of coherent motion provided by optical lattices. Here we demonstrate enhanced tunability using an optical superlattice in a fermionic quantum gas microscope. With our phase-stable bichromatic design, we achieve a precise control of tunneling and tilt throughout the lattice, as evidenced by long-lived coherent double-well oscillations and next-nearest-neighbor quantum walks in a staggered configuration. We furthermore present correlated quantum walks of two particles initiated through a resonant pair-breaking mechanism. Finally, we engineer tunable spin couplings through local offsets and create a spin ladder with ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic couplings along the rungs and legs, respectively. Our work underscores the high potential of optical superlattices for engineering, simulating, and detecting strongly correlated many-body quantum states.
Experimental investigation on the carbide precipitation and mechanical property evolution of a cryogenically treated tool steel
Creators: name: Chaiyawat Peeratatsuwan
Publisher: name: Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cryogenic treatment, SKD 11 tool steel, Carbide precipitation, Mechanical properties

description: Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 25, 4, 1-8
Quantum many-body theory of qubit decoherence in a finite-size spin bath. II. Ensemble dynamics
Creators: name: Yang, Wen
name: Liu, Ren-Bao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Decoherence of a center spin or qubit in a spin bath is essentially determined by the many-body bath evolution. The bath dynamics can start either from a pure state or, more generally, from a statistical ensemble. In the preceding article [W. Yang and R. B. Liu, Phys. Rev. B \textbf{78}, 085315 (2008)], we have developed the cluster-correlation expansion (CCE) theory for the so-called single-sample bath dynamics initiated from a factorizable pure state. Here we present the ensemble CCE theory, which is based on similar ideas of the single-sample CCE: The bath evolution is factorized into the product of all possible cluster correlations, each of which accounts for the authentic (non-factorizable) collective excitation of a group of bath spins, and for the finite-time evolution in the qubit decoherence problem, convergent results can be obtained by truncating the ensemble CCE by keeping cluster correlations up to a certain size. A difference between the ensemble CCE and single-sample CCE is that the mean-field treatment in the latter formalism of the diagonal part of the spin-spin interaction in the bath is not possible in the former case. The ensemble CCE can be applied to non-factorizable initial states. The ensemble CCE is checked against the exact solution of an XY spin bath model. For small spin baths, it is shown that single-sample dynamics is sensitive to the sampling of the initial state from a thermal ensemble and hence very different from the ensemble average.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures