Protaphorura Parimuchová & Kováč, 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Parimuchová, Andrea
name: Kováč, Ľubomír
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Key to Palaearctic species of the genus Protaphorura
Totally 85 species are included, the key is primarily constructed on papers of Pomorski (1998), Pomorski & Kaprus´(2007); Kaprus´& Pomorski (2008); Gulgenova & Potapov (2013), Babenko & Kaprus´(2014) and Kaprus´ et al. (2014), and on original descriptions of other Palaearctic species not provided in this literature sources.
1 Th. II with 0 or 1 pso.................................................................................. 2
- Th. II with 2 or 3 pso................................................................................. 17
2 Base of antennae with 3 pso............................................................................ 3
- Base of antennae with 4 pso........................................................................... 16
3 Subcoxae I of leg 1, 2, 3 with 1, 0, 0 pso respectively........................................................ 4
- Subcoxae I of all legs with 1 pso......................................................................... 5
- Subcoxae I of all legs without pso...................................................................... 10
4 Abd. III with 2 pso, dorsal pso: 32/012/33232....................... P. changbainensis Sun, Zhang & Wu, 2013; China
- Abd. III with 1 pso, dorsal pso: 32/012/33132............................. P. brevispinata (Yosii, 1966); Korea, caves
5 Hind margin of head dorsally with 2 pso.................................................................. 6
- Hind margin of head dorsally with 3 pso.................................................................. 7
6 Ventral pso on head absent, dorsal pso: 32/012/23132.............................. P. b o r z ic a (Gruia, 1999) Romania
- Ventral side of head with 2 pso, dorsal pso: 32/012/33342...... P. buryatica Gulgenova & Potapov, 2013; Russia (Buryatia)
7 Ventral pso on head present............................................................................. 8
- Ventral pso on head absent, PAO with 20–22 vesicles, dorsal pso: 33/012/33233... P. fistania Thibaud & Peja, 1994; Albania
8 PAO with 28–32 vesicles, mvo absent, dorsal pso: 33/012/33342............................................... 9
- PAO with 20–26 vesicles, mvo present on Abd. II–III, dorsal pso: 33/012/33333....................................
..................................................... P. christiani Pomorski, Leithner & Bruckner, 2003; Austria
9 Abd. II–IV without ventral psx................... P. taimyrica (Martynova, 1976) sensu Sun, Chang & Wu, 2015; China
- Abd. II–IV with 1 ventral psx on each side.............................. P. genheensis Sun, Chang & Wu, 2015; China
10 AOIII with 5 papillae................................................................................ 11
- AOIII with 4 papillae................................................................................ 15
11 Head without ventral pso.............................................................................. 12
- Head with ventral pso................................................................................ 14
12 Th. II without dorsal pso: 32/001/33232........... P. stiriaca (Stach, 1946) sensu Kaprus´, Paśnik & Weiner, 2014; Austria
- Th. II with 1 dorsal pso............................................................................... 13
13 Th. III with 2 pso, dorsal pso: 33/012/33332, mvo present on anal valves........ P. minima Sun, Zhang & Wu, 2013; China
- Th. III with 1 pso, dorsal pso: 32(3)/011/23232, mvo present on Abd. II–IV........................................ ............................................................. P. januarii (Weiner, 1977); Poland (Pieniny Mts.)
14 Head with 1 ventral pso, dorsal pso: 33/01-22/3334(3)2, mvo absent............... P. jacutica (Martynova, 1976); Russia
- Head with 2 ventral pso, dorsal pso: 33/01(2)2/ 331(2)32, mvo present on Abd. II–III................................ ..................................................... P. bakhchisaraica Kaprus´, Paśnik & Weiner, 2014; Ukraine
15 Head with ventral pso, dorsal pso: 33/012/33342.............. P. dzherga Gulgenova & Potapov, 2013; Russia (Buryatia)
- Head without ventral pso, dorsal pso: 33/012/33332........... P. dorzhievi Gulgenova & Potapov, 2013; Russia (Buryatia)
16 AOIII with 5 papillae, head with ventral pso, PAO with 36–40 vesicles, dorsal pso: 43/012/332-343..................... .......................................................... P. tolae Pomorski & Kaprus´, 2007; Russia (Yakutia)
- AOIII with 4 papillae, head without ventral pso, PAO with 22–28 vesicles, dorsal pso: 43/012/33353.................... ..................................................... P. uniparis Gulgenova & Potapov, 2013; Russia (Buryatia)
17 Base of antennae with more than 3 pso................................................................... 18
- Base of antennae with 3 pso........................................................................... 39
18 Subcoxae 1 of legs without pso, pso dorsally: 4-63-4 /022/3334-53-5..............................................
................................ P. octopunctata (Tullberg, 1876), sensu Pomorski & Kaprus´, 2007; Russia (Beringia)
- Subcoxae 1 of legs 1,2,3 with 1, 0, 0 pso................................................................. 19
- Subcoxae 1 of legs 1,2,3 with 1, 1, 1 pso................................................................. 21
19 Abd. V with 2 pso, claw with strong (large) denticle, pso dorsally: 43/022/33342....................................
....................................... P. mongolica (Martynova, 1975) sensu Kaprus´& Pomorski 2008; Mongolia
- Abd. V with 3 pso................................................................................... 20
20 Abd. IV with 5 pso, dorsal pso: 43/022/33353............................ P. maoerensis Sun, Wu & Gao, 2013; China
- Abd. IV with 4 pso, dorsal pso: 43/022/33343..................... P. s a k a to i (Yosii, 1966); Kaprus´& Pomorski (2008);
Poland, Ukraine, Moldova, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan
21 Th. II–III with variable number of pseudocelli (2–3, 2–3 respectively), head ventrally with 2+2 pseudocelli or abdominal ter-
gum V with chaetae s' mvo absent....................................................................... 38
- Th. II–III with stable number of pseudocelli (2 or 3 symmetricaly), Abd. V without chaetae s'; if Abd. V with chaetae s', then
PAO is small (18–26 simple vesicles), mvo present (Abd. II–IIIor Abd. II–IV; or VT) or absent...................... 22
22 Th. II–III with 3+3 and 3+3 pseudocelli respectively........................................................ 23
- Th. II–III with 2+2 and 3+3 pseudocelli respectively........................................................ 25
- Th. II–III with 2+2 and 2+2 pseudocelli respectively........................................................ 29
23 PAO with 32–36 vesicles, claws without denticle, pso dorsally 43/033/33353...... P. daviesi (Bagnall, 1935); Great Britain
- PAO with 18–26 vesicles, claws always with denticle....................................................... 24
24 Abd. I–III without chaeta s´, straight lines passing through bases of short prespinal chaetae distinctly convergent, pso dorsally 4(3)4/033/3335(4)3........................................................ P. pseudocellata (Naglitsch, 1962); Great Britain, Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Ukraine, Moldova
- Abd. I–III with chaetae s', straight lines passing through bases of short prespinal chaetae parallel, pso dorsally 4(5)3(4,5)/033/ 4(3)4(3)4(3)5(6)3(4).............................. P. s u bm er s a Kaprus´& Pomorski, 2008; Russia (Southern Siberia)
25 Head with 4+4 posterior pseudocelli, PAO with 34–40 vesicles................................................ 26
- Head with 3+3 posterior pseudocelli, PAO with 18–30 vesicles............................................... 27
26 Base of antennae and Abd. V with 5 pso, pso dorsally: 54/023/454(5-7)5(6)5............................................................................................... P. decempunctata (Kos, 1939); Austria (Alps), Slovenia
- Base of antennae and Abd. V with less than 5 pso, pso dorsally: 44/023/34353............................................................................................... P. caledonica (Bagnall, 1935); Great Britain, Scotland
27 Abd. V dorsally with 2 pso, pso dorsally: 43/023/33342, PAO with 18–22 vesicles, claws with denticle............................................................... P. nazarovensis Kaprus´& Pomorski, 2008; Russia (Southern Siberia)
- Abd. V dorsally with 3 pso, claws without denticle......................................................... 28
28 Pso dorsally: 43/023/33353, PAO with 16–22 vesicles, ms on Ant. VI in 1/4 from base................................................................................................. P. jiamusiensis Sun, Wu & Gao, 2013; China
- Pso dorsally: 43/023/4(3)4(3)4(3)53, PAO with 26–30 vesicles, ms on Ant. VI in 1/3 from base............................................................................ P. macfadyeni (Gisin, 1953) sensu Kaprus´& Pomorski 2008; Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Norway (Jan Mayen, Svalbard) Sweden, Japan (Hokkaido)
29 Abd. I–IV with 1+1 pseudocelli respectively, AOIII with 4 papillae, PAO with 22–27 vesicles, claws without denticle.............................................................. P. discrepans (Bagnall, 1948); Great Britain, Switzerland
- Abd. I–IV with more than 1+1 pseudocelli................................................................ 30
30 Abd. IV without anterolateral pseudocelli (Abd. I–V with 3+3 pseudocelli respectively)............................ 31
- Abd. IV with anterolateral pseudocelli (Abd. I–V with variable number of pseudocelli)............................ 33
31 Head with 4+4 posterior pseudocelli, claws without denticle... P. suboctopunctata (Khanislamova, 1986); Russia (Bashkiria)
- Head with 3+3 posterior pseudocelli, claws with denticle.................................................... 32
32 Abd. II–IV sterna with 1+1 parapseudocelli, abdominal tergum VI usually with 2 medial chaetae, VT with 13-19+13-19 chaetae............................................. P. quadriocellata (Gisin, 1947) sensu Pomorski & Kaprus´, 2007; Spain, Great Britain, Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, Norway, Slovakia, Afghanistan
- Abd. II–IV sterna without parapseudocelli, Abd. VI with 1 medial chaeta, VT with 9+9 chaetae............................................................. P. saltuaria Pomorski & Kaprus´, 2007; Ukraine, Poland (Eastern Carpathians)
33 Sensory rods of antennal III sense organ are higher than accompanying papillae, the first one situated at external surface of first internal papilla, second one between third and fourth papillae (fig. 33); pso dorsally: 43/022/33353(4).................................................. P. nutak (Yosii, 1972) sensu Kaprus´& Pomorski 2008; Japan, China, Russia (Far East)
- Sensory rods of AntIIIO shorter than accompanying papillae, typically arranged and set close together behind papillae in the middle part of the organ.............................................................................. 34
34 Abd. V with 5 pso, claw without inner tooth, pso dorsally: 43/022/46655............ P. asensitiva (Stach, 1954); Slovenia
- Abd. V with 2 pso, straight lines passing through bases of short prespinal chaetae parallel, claw with small tooth........ 35
- Abd. V with 3 or 4 pso, straight lines passing through bases of short prespinal chaetae convergent.................... 36
35 Head ventrally with 2+2 pso, mvo present on Abd. II–III, pso dosally: 42/022/33332................................................................................... P. ianstachi (Yosii, 1972); sensu Kaprus´ et al. (2014); Georgia
- Head ventrally with 1+1 pso, mvo absent, pso dosally: 43/022/33342............................................................................................ P. licheniphila Kaprus´& Pomorski, 2008; Russia (Middle Siberia)
36 PAO with <30 vesicles, pso dorsally 43/022/33353............................... P. valsainensis (Acón, 1981); Spain
- PAO with> 30 vesicles............................................................................... 37
37 AOIII with one morel-like and one sponge-like sensory clubs, macrochaetae retused and slightly knobbed, mvo absent, head ventrally with 1 pso, dorsal pso: 43/022/33343........... P. tetragrammata (Gisin, 1961) sensu Kaprus´& Pomorski 2008; Bosnia and Herzegovina, Poland, Ukraine
- AOIII with two morel-like sensory clubs, macrochaetae typical, mvo present on Abd. III–IV, head ventrally with 1 or 2 pso, dorsal pso: 44(3)/022/3335(4,6)3................. P. eichhorni (Gisin 1954) sensu Weiner & Stomp (1995); Luxembourg
38 Head ventrally with 2+2 pso, Ant. IV with cauliflower-like papillae, PAO with 16–22 vesicles, dorsal pso: 43/02(3)3(2)/ 3335(4,6)3(4)................................................. P. merita Kaprus´& Pomorski 2008; Russia (Tuva)
- Head ventrally with 1+1 pso, Ant. IV without cauliflower-like papillae, PAO with 36–40 vesicles, dorsal pso: 4(5,6)4/ 03(2)3(2)/4(3)4(3)4(3,5)5(6)4(3)............................... P. elenae Kaprus´& Pomorski, 2008; Russia (Siberia)
39 Subcoxae1 of leg 1,2,3 with 1,0,0 pso respectively, furca rudiment with 1+1 chaeta, mvo present on VT; dorsal pso: 33/022/ 33342............................................................ P. stogovi Pomorski, 1993; Russia (Karelia)
- Sucoxae1 of all legs without pso........................................................................ 40
- Sucoxae1 of all legs with 1 pso each..................................................................... 47
40 Head ventrally without pso, PAO with 40–65 vesicles, dorsal pso: 32/022/33333................................................ P. borealis (Martynova, 1973) sensu Babenko & Kaprus´, 2014; Russia, Siberia (also Novaya Zemlya, Taimyr)
- Head ventrally with 2 pso, Abd. V without s', mvo present.................................................... 41
- Head ventrally with 1 pso............................................................................. 43
41 Abd. III with 2 pso, short chaetae above anal spines convergent or nearly so; ms on Ant. IV in 1/3 of segment length..... 42
- Abd. III with 3 pso, short chaetae above anal spines parallel, ms on Ant. IV in 1/2 of segment length; mvo present on Abd. II– III; dorsal pso: 32/022/33332............................................ P. kopetdagi Pomorski, 1994; Turkmenia
42 Hind margin of head with 2 pso, claw with small tooth; mvo present on Abd. II–IV; dorsal pso: 32/022/33232............. ............................................. P. ajudagi Pomorski, Skarżyński & Kaprus´1998; Ukraine (Crimea)
- Hind margin of head with 3 pso, claw with large tooth; mvo present on Abd. II–III; dorsal pso: 33/022/3324(3)3........... ................................................. P. s a l s a Kaprus´, Paśnik & Weiner, 2014; Russia (South Siberia)
43 Abd. III with 2 pso, dorsal pso: 32/022/33232.............................. P. microcellata (Dunger, 1978); Mongolia
- Abd. III with 3 pso.................................................................................. 44
44 Abd. IV with 3 pso, short chaetae above anal spines convergent, Abd. V with or without s' ......................... 45
- Abd. IV with more than 3 pso, short chaetae above anal spines parallel, Abd. V without s' .......................... 46
45 Dorsal pso: 33/022/33333, psx on subcoxae and Abd. III–IV absent............................................... ............................ P. islandica (Bödvarsson, 1959) sensu Fjellberg 1998a; Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Poland
- Dorsal pso: 33/022/33332, psx on subcoxae and Abd.III–IV present.............................................. .......... P. bicampata (Gisin, 1956) sensu Sun, Zhang & Wu (2013); Fjellberg (1998a); Denmark, Norway, Iceland, China
46 Abd. IV with 4 pso; Th. II with 2 pso; PAO with 28–35 vesicles; dorsal pso: 33/022/33343 P. aurantiaca (Ridley, 1880) sensu
Pomorski, 1998; Europe except arctic regions
- Abd. IV with 5 pso; Th. III with 3 pso PAO with ≤ 30 vesicles, dorsal pso: 34/023/33353.............................. ........................................ P. pseudovanderdrifti (Gisin, 1957) sensu Pomorski (1998); Western Europe
47 Head ventrally without pso............................................................................ 48
- Head ventrally with 1+1 pso........................................................................... 49
48 AOIII with 4 papillae, Abd. IV with 4 pso, PAO with ~ 30 vesicles, dorsal pso: 33/022/23343..........................
............................................................... P. edentata (Kos, 1939); Slovenia (Julian Alps)
- AOIII with 5 papillae, Abd. IV with 2 pso, PAO with ~ 40 vesicles, macrochaetae long, claws distinctly elongated; dorsal pso: 32/022/22223........................... P. zlatiborensis Lucić, Čurcić, Pavković-Lučić & Tomić, 2008; Serbia, caves
49 Straight lines passing through bases of short chaetae above anal spines parallel................................... 50
- Straight lines passing through bases of short chaetae above anal spines convergent................................ 57
50 Abd. I–III with chaeta s', dorsal pso: 32/022/3334(3)2.......................................................... ............................ P. pjasinae (Martynova, 1976) sensu Babenko & Kaprus´(2014); Russia (Siberia, Taimyr)
- Abd. I–III without chaeta s' ............................................................................ 51
51 Abd. terga with 3+3 pso; dorsal pso: 33/022/33333......................................................... 52
- Abd. terga with different number of pso.................................................................. 53
52 Chaeta p2 on head in front of row with p1, p3; PAO with 25–27 vesicles........................................... ......................................... P. glebata (Gisin, 1952) sensu Radwański et al. (2006); Switzerland, Spain
- Chaeta p2 on head in one row with p1, p3; PAO with 31–34 vesicles. P. ionescui Radwański, Fiera & Weiner, 2006; Romania
53 PAO with ≤ 20 vesicles; dorsal pso: 33/022/33343........................... P. aconae Arbea & Jordana, 1994; Spain
- PAO with> 30 vesicles............................................................................... 54
54 Th. III with 3 pso.................................................................................... 55
- Th. III with 2 pso.................................................................................... 56
55 Abd. V with 3 pso; dorsal pso: 33/023/33343................... P. subarmata (Gisin, 1957); central and southern Europe
- Abd. V with 2 pso, dorsal pso: 33/023/33342..................... P. unari Rusek, 1995; Slovakia (Western Carpathians)
56 Abd. II–IV ventrally with psx, subapical organite on Ant. IV in cavity protected by cuticular papillae, dorsal pso: 32(3)/022/
33343(2).................... P. tschernovi (Martynova, 1976) sensu Babenko & Kaprus´, 2014; Russia (Taimyr, Siberia)
- Abd. II–IV ventrally without psx, subapical organite on Ant. IV in unprotected cavity, dorsal pso: 33/022/33342(3).........
................................... P. taimyrica (Martynova, 1976) sensu Babenko & Kaprus´, 2014; Russia (Taimyr)
57 Rods of AOIII longer than papillae...................................................................... 58
- Rods of AOIII shorter than papillae..................................................................... 59
58 Abd. V and hind margin of head with 3 pso; PAO with 45 vesicles; dorsal pso: 33/022/33343..........................
....................................................................... P. longisensillata (Yosii, 1969); Japan
- Abd. V and hind margin of head with 2 pso; PAO with 36–40 vesicles; dorsal pso: 32/022/33342.......................
.................................................................. P. diplosensillata (Dunger, 1978); Mongolia
59 AOIII with 6–7 papillae and 6 guard chaetae; dorsal pso very variable: 33(4,5)/022/3(2-4)3(2-5)3(4)5(6)4(3-5)............
.................................................................. P. septempapillata Palissa, 1986; Germany,
- AOIII with 5 papillae and 5 guard chaetae................................................................ 60
60 Th. III and Abd. V with 2 pso each...................................................................... 61
- Th. III and Abd. V with different number of pso........................................................... 64
61 Hind margin of head with 2 pso........................................................................ 62
- Hind margin of head with 3 pso, dorsal pso: 33/022/33342................................................... 63
62 PAO with ~ 20 vesicles; claw with small tooth, dorsal pso: 32/022/33342.......... P. microtica (Dunger, 1978); Mongolia
- PAO with 25–40 vesicles; claw with large tooth, dorsal pso: 32/022/3333(4)2....................................... .. P. subarctica (Martynova, 1976) sensu Babenko & Kaprus´, 2014; Russia (European part, Kola Peninsula, Siberia, Taimyr)
- PAO with 25–30 vesicles; claw without or with small tooth, dorsal pso: 32/022/33342................................ ......................... P. levantina (Christiansen, 1956) sensu Gruia, Poliakov & Broza, 2000; Israel, Lebanon, Syria
63 Abd. V with s', claw with tooth..................................... P. montana Mateos-Frias & Arbea, 1986; Spain
- Abd. V without s', claw without tooth.............................. P. quercetana Mateos-Frias & Arbea, 1986; Spain
64 Th. II and III with 3 pso each.......................................................................... 65
- Th. II and III with different number of pso................................................................ 67
65 Abd. V with s' chaeta, Abd. III–IV with psx, dorsal pso: 33/033/33342 or 33/033/44453 (forms with 32/022/33342 or 33/033/ 55664 also occur)........ P. tundricola (Martynova, 1976) sensu Babenko & Kaprus, 2014; Russia (European part, Siberia)
- Abd. V without s´................................................................................... 66
66 VT with 7+7 chaetae on distal part, claw with small tooth, dorsal pso: 33/033/33343................................. ............................................. P. pannonica (Haybach, 1960) sensu Pomorski, 1990; central Europe
- VT with 9+9 chaetae on distal part, claw without tooth, dorsal pso: 3(4)3/033/33342................................. ................................................................. P. kaszabi (Dunger, 1978); Mongolia, China
67 Th. II and III with 2, 3 pso respectively.................................................................. 68
- Th. II and III with 2 pso each.......................................................................... 71
68 Length of adult females up to 2 mm, PAO with ≤ 35 vesicles................................................. 69
- Length of adult females: 3–4 mm, PAO with ~ 40 or more vesicles............................................ 70
69 Abd. V without s', mvo absent; dorsal pso: 33(4)/023/3334(5)3..................................................
......................................... P. armata (Tullberg, 1869) sensu Gisin (1952); Palaearctic, the Arctic zone
- Abd. V with s', mvo present on VT; dorsal pso: 33/023/33343................................................... ..................................... P. tricampata (Gisin 1956) sensu Pomorski (1998); Europe except arctic regions
70 VT with 11–15 chaetae on distal part and 2–3 at the base; up to 8 granules between chaetae p1 on hind margin of head, length up to 3.5 mm, dorsal pso: 33/023/33343(4)................................................ P. borinensis sp. nov.
- VT with 18–22 chaetae on distal part and 3–4 at the base, mostly 12 granules between chaetae p1 on hind margin of head, length about 4 mm, dorsal pso: 33/023(2)/33343.... P. janosik Weiner, 1990; Poland, Slovakia (Western Carpathians), caves
71 Abd. V with 3 pso................................................................................... 72
- Abd. V with more than 3 pso........................................................................... 74
72 Hind margin of head with 4 pso, claw with small tooth; dorsal pso: 34/022/33333.................................... .............................................................. P. pseudoglebata Arbea & Jordana, 1989; Spain
- Hind margin of head 3 pso, claw without tooth............................................................ 73
73 Abd. III with 2 pso; dorsal pso: 33/022/33233........................ P. subfimata Thibaud & Christian, 1986; Austria
- Abd. III with 3 pso; dorsal pso: 33/022/33333....... P. fimata (Gisin, 1952) sensu Pomorski (1998); Poland, Norway, Spain
74 Furca rudiment with 1+1 chaeta; PAO with ≤ 20 vesicles..................... P. florae Simón & Luciáñez, 1994; Spain
- Furca rudiment with 2+2 chaetae; PAO with> 20 vesicles................................................... 75
75 Hind margin of head mostly with 2 pso, Abd. V mostly with 4 pso, length at least 1.5 mm; claw with small tooth; dorsal pso:
32/022/33343....................................................... P. federicoi Arbea, 2003; Southern Europe
- Hind margin of head mostly with 3 posterodorsal pso....................................................... 76
76 Abd. III–IV ventrally with 1+1 psx....................................................................... 77
- Abd. III–IV ventrally without psx, s' on Abd. I–III absent, dorsal pso: 33/022/33343..................................
.................................................. P. gisini (Haybach, 1960) sensu Pomorski, 1998; central Europe
77 Abd. I–V with s' chaeta, dorsal pso: 33/022/33343.............. P. campata (Gisin, 1952) sensu Pomorski (1998); Europe
- Abd. I–V without s' chaeta, dorsal pso: 33(4)/022/3334(5)3..................................................... ............................................... P. cancellata (Gisin, 1956) sensu Pomorski (1998); Central Europe
description: Published as part of Parimuchová, Andrea & Kováč, Ľubomír, 2016, A new cave species of the genus Protaphorura Absolon, 1901 (Collembola, Onychiuridae) from the Western Carpathians (Slovakia) with critical comments to the Palaearctic representatives of the genus, pp. 254-272 in Zootaxa 4098 (2) on pages 264-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4098.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/255297