cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Optics Census of Companions to Northern Stars Within 25 pc with Robo-AO
Creators: name: Salama, Maissa
name: Ziegler, Carl
name: Baranec, Christoph
name: Liu, Michael C.
name: Law, Nicholas M.
name: Riddle, Reed
name: Henry, Todd J.
name: Winters, Jennifer G.
name: Jao, Wei-Chun
name: Ou, James
name: Ruiz, Arcelia Hermosillo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to assess the multiplicity statistics of stars across spectral types and populations in a volume-limited sample, we censused nearby stars for companions with Robo-AO. We report on observations of 1157 stars of all spectral types within 25 pc with decl. $>-13^{\circ}$ searching for tight companions. We detected 154 companion candidates with separations ranging from $\sim$0.15$''$ to 4.0$''$ and magnitude differences up to $Δ$m$_{\textit{i'}}\le$7 using the robotic adaptive optics instrument Robo-AO. We confirmed physical association from Gaia EDR3 astrometry for 53 of the companion candidates, 99 remain to be confirmed, and 2 were ruled out as background objects. We complemented the high-resolution imaging companion search with a search for co-moving objects with separations out to 10,000 AU in Gaia EDR3, which resulted in an additional 147 companions registered. Of the 301 total companions reported in this study, 49 of them are new discoveries. Out of the 191 stars with significant acceleration measurements in the Hipparcos-Gaia catalog of accelerations, we detect companions around 115 of them, with the significance of the acceleration increasing as the companion separation decreases. From this survey, we report the following multiplicity fractions (compared to literature values): 40.9%$\pm$3.0% (44%) for FGK stars and 28.2%$\pm$2.3% (27%) for M stars, as well as higher-order fractions of 5.5%$\pm$1.1% (11%) and 3.9%$\pm$0.9% (5%) for FGK stars and M type stars, respectively.
description: 65 pages: 17 pages of text with 21 figures, 48 pages of tables in the appendix. Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
Human neuron subtype programming through combinatorial patterning with scRNA-seq readouts
Creators: name: Lin, Hsiu-Chuan
name: Janssens, Jasper
name: Kroell, Ann-Sophie
name: Hornauer, Philipp
name: Santel, Malgorzata
name: Okamoto, Ryoko
name: Karava, Kyriaki
name: Priouret, Marthe
name: Garcia, Maria Pascual
name: Schroeter, Manuel
name: Camp, J. Gray
name: Treutlein, Barbara
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: Human neurons programmed through transcription factor (TF) overexpression model neuronal differentiation and neurological diseases. However, programming specific neuron types remains challenging. Here, we modulate developmental signaling pathways combined with TF overexpression to explore the spectrum of neuron subtypes generated from pluripotent stem cells. We screened 480 morphogen signaling modulations coupled with NGN2 or ASCL1/DLX2 induction using a multiplexed single-cell transcriptomic readout. Analysis of 700,000 cells identified diverse excitatory and inhibitory neurons patterned along the anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axes of neural tube development. We inferred signaling and TF interaction networks guiding differentiation of forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, spinal cord, peripheral sympathetic and sensory neurons. Our approach provides a strategy for cell subtype programming and to investigate how cooperative signaling drives neuronal fate.
description: bioRxiv
Kondo Effect in a Spin-3/2 Fermi Gas
Creators: name: Xu, Bei
name: Sun, Shoufa
name: Gu, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Kondo effect of a spin-3/2 Fermi gas and give a detailed calculation of the impurity resistance and ground state energy based on the s-d exchange model. It is found that the impurity resistance increases logarithmically with the decrease of temperature in the case of antiferromagnetic coupling similar to the spin-1/2 system but has a larger resistance minimum value due to the increase of spin scattering channels. In the case of antiferromagnetic interaction, the ground state is still the Kondo singlet state while the septuplet state has the lowest energy for ferromagnetic coupling. And with the same antiferromagnetic s-d coupling parameter, the energy of the Kondo singlet state is lower than spin-1/2, which indicates that the larger spin, the easier it is to enter the Kondo-screened phase. This provides some theoretical support for the realization of the Kondo effect with ultra-cold atoms.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Estimated transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants from wastewater are robust to differential shedding
Creators: name: Dreifuss, David
name: Huisman, Jana
name: Rusch, Johannes C.
name: Caduff, Lea
name: Ganesanandamoorthy, Pravin
name: Devaux, Alexander J.
name: Gan, Charles
name: Stadler, Tanja
name: Kohn, Tamar
name: Ort, Christoph
name: Beerenwinkel, Niko
name: Julian, Timothy R.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development and adoption of wastewater-based epidemiology. Wastewater samples can provide genomic information for detecting and assessing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants in communities and for estimating important epidemiological parameters such as the growth advantage of the variant. However, despite demonstrated successes, epidemiological data derived from wastewater suffers from potential biases. Of particular concern are differential shedding profiles that different variants of concern exhibit, because they can shift the relationship between viral loads in wastewater and prevalence estimates derived from clinical cases. Using mathematical modeling, simulations, and Swiss surveillance data, we demonstrate that this bias does not affect estimation of the growth advantage of the variant and has only a limited and transient impact on estimates of the effective reproduction number. Thus, population-level epidemiological parameters derived from wastewater maintain their advantages over traditional clinical-derived estimates, even in the presence of differential shedding among variants.
description: medRxiv
A disk instability model for the quasi-periodic eruptions of GSN 069
Creators: name: Pan, Xin
name: Li, Shuang-Liang
name: Cao, Xinwu
name: Miniutti, Giovanni
name: Gu, Mingfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: GSN 069 is a recently discovered QPE (Quasi-periodic eruptions) source recurring about every 9 hours. The mechanism for the QPEs of GSN 069 is still unclear so far. In this work, a disk instability model is constructed to explain GSN 069 based on Pan et al. (2021) (PLC21), where the authors proposed a toy model for the repeating changing-look (CL) active galactic nuclei (AGN). We improve the work of PLC21 by including a non-zero viscous torque condition on the inner boundary of disk and adopting a general form for the viscous stress torque in Kerr metric. It is found that the 0.4-2 keV light curves, the light curves at different energy bands and the phase-resolved X-ray spectrum of GSN 069 can all be qualitatively reproduced by our model. Furthermore, the profiles of light curve in QPEs can be significantly changed by the parameter μin viscous torque equation, which implies that our model may also be applied to other QPEs.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- X. Chemical differentiation among the massive cores in G9.62+0.19
Creators: name: Peng, Y. P.
name: Liu, T.
name: Qin, S. -L.
name: Baug, T.
name: Liu, H. -L.
name: Wang, K.
name: Garay, G.
name: Zhang, C.
name: Chen, L. -F.
name: Lee, C. W.
name: Juvela, M.
name: Li, D. L.
name: Tatematsu, K.
name: Liu, X. -C.
name: Lee, J. -E.
name: Luo, G.
name: Dewangan, L.
name: Wu, Y. -F.
name: Zhang, L.
name: Bronfman, L.
name: Ge, J. X.
name: Tang, M. Y.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Xu, F. -W.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Zhou, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Investigating the physical and chemical structures of massive star-forming regions is critical for understanding the formation and the early evolution of massive stars. We performed a detailed line survey toward six dense cores named as MM1, MM4, MM6, MM7, MM8, and MM11 in G9.62+0.19 star-forming region resolved in ALMA band 3 observations. Toward these cores, about 172 transitions have been identified and attributed to 16 species including organic Oxygen-, Nitrogen-, Sulfur-bearing molecules and their isotopologues. Four dense cores MM7, MM8, MM4, and MM11 are line rich sources. Modeling of these spectral lines reveals the rotational temperature in a range of 72$-$115~K, 100$-$163~K, 102$-$204~K, and 84$-$123~K for the MM7, MM8, MM4, and MM11, respectively. The molecular column densities are 1.6 $\times$ 10$^{15}$ $-$ 9.2 $\times$ 10$^{17}$~cm$^{-2}$ toward the four cores. The cores MM8 and MM4 show chemical difference between Oxygen- and Nitrogen-bearing species, i.e., MM4 is rich in oxygen-bearing molecules while nitrogen-bearing molecules especially vibrationally excited HC$_{3}$N lines are mainly observed in MM8. The distinct initial temperature at accretion phase may lead to this N/O differentiation. Through analyzing column densities and spatial distributions of O-bearing Complex Organic Molecules (COMs), we found that C$_{2}$H$_{5}$OH and CH$_{3}$OCH$_{3}$ might have a common precursor, CH$_{3}$OH. CH$_{3}$OCHO and CH$_{3}$OCH$_{3}$ are likely chemically linked. In addition, the observed variation in HC$_{3}$N and HC$_{5}$N emission may indicate that their different formation mechanism at hot and cold regions.
description: 40 pages, 23 figures
High precision measurement of the half-life of the 391.6 keV metastable level in 239Pu
Creators: name: Barresi, A.
name: Chiesa, D.
name: Nastasi, M.
name: Previtali, E.
name: Sisti, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Materials selection for rare event physics requires high performance detectors and customized analyses. In this context a novel $β$-$γ$ detection system, comprised of a liquid scintillator in coincidence with a HPGe, was developed with the main purpose of studying ultra trace contamination of uranium, thorium and potassium in liquid samples. In the search for $^{238}\textrm{U}$ contaminations through neutron activation analysis, since the activation product $^{239}\textrm{Np}$ decays to a relatively long-lived isomeric state of $^{239}\textrm{Pu}$, it is possible to perform a time selection of these events obtaining a strong background suppression. Investigating the time distribution of the coincidences between the $β^-$ decay of $^{239}\textrm{Np}$ and the delayed events following the de-excitation of the $^{239}\textrm{Pu}$ isomeric level at 391.6 keV, a precision measurement of the half-life of this level was conducted. The half-life of the 391.6 keV $^{239}\textrm{Pu}$ level resulted $190.2 \pm 0.2$ ns, thus increasing the precision by about a factor of 20 over previous measurements.
description: Accepted for publication in PRC
Drivers controlling black carbon temporal variability in the Arctic lower troposphere
Creators: name: Gilardoni, Stefania
name: Heslin-Rees, Dominic
name: Mazzola, Mauro
name: Vitale, Vito
name: Sprenger, Michael
name: Krejci, Radovan
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: Black carbon (BC) is a short-lived climate forcer affecting Arctic climate through multiple mechanisms, which vary substantially from winter to summer. Several models still fail in reproducing BC seasonal variability, limiting the ability to fully describe BC climate implications. This study aims at gaining insights into the mechanisms controlling BC transport from lower latitudes to the Arctic lower troposphere. Here we investigate the drivers controlling black carbon daily and seasonal variability in the Arctic using Generalized Additive Models (GAM). We analysed equivalent black carbon (eBC) concentration measured at the Gruvebadet Atmospheric Laboratory (GAL - Svalbard archipelago) from March 2018 to December 2021. The eBC showed a marked seasonality with higher values in winter and early spring. The eBC concentration averaged 22 ± 20 ng m-3 in the cold season (November–April) and 11 ± 11 ng m-3 in the warm season (May–October). The seasonal and interannual variability was mainly modulated by the efficiency of wet scavenging removal during transport towards the higher latitudes. Conversely, the short-term variability was controlled by boundary layer dynamics, local-scale, and synoptic-scale circulation patterns. During both the cold and the warm season, the transport of air masses from western Europe and northern Russia was an effective pathway for the convey of pollution to the European Arctic. Finally, in the warm season we observed a link between the intrusion of warm air from lower latitudes and the increase in eBC concentration. Changes in synoptic scale circulation system and precipitation rate in the northern hemisphere, linked to climate change, are expected to modify BC burden in the Arctic.
description: EGUsphere
Self-healing of non-Hermitian topological skin modes
Creators: name: Longhi, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A unique feature of non-Hermitian (NH) systems is the NH skin effect, i.e. the edge localization of an extensive number of bulk-band eigenstates in a lattice with open or semi-infinite boundaries. Unlike extended Bloch waves in Hermitian systems, the skin modes are normalizable eigenstates of the Hamiltonian that originate from the intrinsic non-Hermitian point-gap topology of the Bloch band energy spectra. Here we unravel a fascinating property of NH skin modes, namely self-healing, i.e. the ability to self-reconstruct their shape after being scattered off by a space-time potential.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Does Algorithmic Trading Attenuate Asset Price Bubbles: An Experiment
Creators: name: Altmann, Stefan
name: Riyanto, Yohanes E.
name: Hölscher, Christoph
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Algorithmic Trading
Market-Maker
Sniper
Speed Bump
Experimental Asset Markets
Asset Price Bubbles

description: This study investigates the impact of algorithmic trading strategies on asset price mispricing and relative payoffs of human and algorithmic traders using the Smith- Suchanek-Williams (SSW - (Smith et al. (1988))) framework. A 2x2 treatment design varying algorithmic strategy (market-making or sniper) and speed (instantaneous or 5-second speed bump) is implemented. The benchmark treatment involves only human traders. Results show that the market-making algorithm reduces mispricing by 21% compared to the benchmark. The sniper algorithm reduces mispricing significantly less. The 5-second speed bump has no effect on mispricing. The sniper algorithm out- performs human traders significantly, whereas profits of the market-making algorithm are similar to those achieved by human traders.
description: SSRN
Towards Training Without Depth Limits: Batch Normalization Without Gradient Explosion
Creators: name: Meterez, Alexandru
name: Joudaki, Amir
name: Orabona, Francesco
name: Immer, Alexander
name: Rätsch, Gunnar
name: Daneshmand, Hadi
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: Normalization layers are one of the key building blocks for deep neural networks. Several theoretical studies have shown that batch normalization improves the signal propagation, by avoiding the representations from becoming collinear across the layers. However, results on mean-field theory of batch normalization also conclude that this benefit comes at the expense of exploding gradients in depth. Motivated by these two aspects of batch normalization, in this study we pose the following question: "Can a batch-normalized network keep the optimal signal propagation properties, but avoid exploding gradients?" We answer this question in the affirmative by giving a particular construction of an Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) with linear activations and batch-normalization that provably has bounded gradients at any depth. Based on Weingarten calculus, we develop a rigorous and non-asymptotic theory for this constructed MLP that gives a precise characterization of forward signal propagation, while proving that gradients remain bounded for linearly independent input samples, which holds in most practical settings. Inspired by our theory, we also design an activation shaping scheme that empirically achieves the same properties for certain non-linear activations.
description: arXiv
Woodlot Dataset 3 Techniques and Data .xlsx
Creators: name: Malabo, Selina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 50203 Environmental Education and Extension
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: META DATA Methods: The distance of one tree to another and the tree’s diameter was measured with a transect measuring tape in metres. Only ten pairs of adult trees were used in the experiment and random sampling was conducted. Random sampling was conducted in order to avoid any bias within the sample as some areas in the forest may get more nutrients than other areas hence, affecting the data collected. Adult trees : Can be described as having a thick trunk and elongated branches. The amount and size of leaves on adult trees are typically abundant. Diameter at breast height: This is the diameter of the tree relative to the researcher’s breast height measured in metres. The height of the researcher’s distance at breast height is approximately 1.25 m. Note: Diameter at breast height was also notated as DBH. Condition: The condition of a tree was determined through the characteristics of its trunk and the colour of its leaves. They were given a score out of 2 depending on their condition. If the trunk was very crooked it was given a low score of 0 and if it was straight it was given a 2. The tree was given a score of 2 based on the abundance of green canopy the tree was covering, and if it showed dry, brittle leaves it was given a score of 0. Any mixture of the conditions between tree trunk and leaf colour were given a score of 1. Site Description: Data was collected at the Danby Woodlot of York University Keele Campus on September 21, 2016 at 4:20 pm. The site was shaded with little sunlight peeking through. There was little to no wind. The temperature was approximately 25 degrees Celsius. Data collected was obtained on a data sheet with results as displayed. Other experiments by other groups were being conducted at the same time. Hypothesis: The greater the distance of the first tree to the second tree will cause the condition of a tree to be better due to the lack of competition of resources within the area for sunlight and space. The greater the diameter of the tree trunk, the better the condition of the tree due to the amount of nutrients that the tree might be receiving compared to a tree with a slender trunk. Prediction 1: Trees that are farther from one another will have better growing conditions. Prediction 2: Trees that have wider trunks are in better condition than those with slender trunks.
Woodlot Dataset 3 Techniques and Data
Creators: name: Malabo, Selina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 50203 Environmental Education and Extension
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: META DATA Methods: The distance of one tree to another and the tree’s diameter was measured with a transect measuring tape in metres. Only ten pairs of adult trees were used in the experiment and random sampling was conducted. Random sampling was conducted in order to avoid any bias within the sample as some areas in the forest may get more nutrients than other areas hence, affecting the data collected. Adult trees : Can be described as having a thick trunk and elongated branches. The amount and size of leaves on adult trees are typically abundant. Diameter at breast height: This is the diameter of the tree relative to the researcher’s breast height measured in metres. The height of the researcher’s distance at breast height is approximately 1.25 m. Note: Diameter at breast height was also notated as DBH. Condition: The condition of a tree was determined through the characteristics of its trunk and the colour of its leaves. They were given a score out of 2 depending on their condition. If the trunk was very crooked it was given a low score of 0 and if it was straight it was given a 2. The tree was given a score of 2 based on the abundance of green canopy the tree was covering, and if it showed dry, brittle leaves it was given a score of 0. Any mixture of the conditions between tree trunk and leaf colour were given a score of 1. Site Description: Data was collected at the Danby Woodlot of York University Keele Campus on September 21, 2016 at 4:20 pm. The site was shaded with little sunlight peeking through. There was little to no wind. The temperature was approximately 25 degrees Celsius. Data collected was obtained on a data sheet with results as displayed. Other experiments by other groups were being conducted at the same time. Hypothesis: The greater the distance of the first tree to the second tree will cause the condition of a tree to be better due to the lack of competition of resources within the area for sunlight and space. The greater the diameter of the tree trunk, the better the condition of the tree due to the amount of nutrients that the tree might be receiving compared to a tree with a slender trunk. Prediction 1: Trees that are farther from one another will have better growing conditions. Prediction 2: Trees that have wider trunks are in better condition than those with slender trunks.
Cloud-cloud collision as origin of the G31.41+0.31 massive protocluster
Creators: name: Beltrán, M. T.
name: Rivilla, V. M.
name: Kumar, M. S. N.
name: Cesaroni, R.
name: Galli, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The G31.41+0.31 (G31) hot molecular core (HMC) is a high-mass protocluster showing accelerated infall and rotational spin-up that is well studied at high-angular resolution. To complement the accurate view of the small scale in G31, we have traced the kinematics of the large-scale material by carrying out N$_2$H$^+$\,(1--0) observations with the IRAM 30m telescope of an area of $\sim$6$\times6$\,arcmin$^2$ around the HMC. The N$_2$H$^+$ observations have revealed a large-scale (5\,pc) hub-filament system (HFS) composed by at least four filamentary arms and a NNE--SSW velocity gradient ($\sim$0.4\,km/s/pc) between the northern and southern filaments. The linewidth increases towards the hub at the center of the HFS reaching values of 2.5--3\,km\,s$^{-1}$ in the central 1\,pc. The origin of the large-scale velocity gradient is likely cloud-cloud collision. In this scenario, the filaments in G31 would have formed by compression resulting from the collision and the rotation of the HMC observed at scales of 1000\,au would have been induced by shear caused by the cloud-cloud collision at scales of a few pc. We conclude that G31 represents a HFS in a compressed layer with an orthogonal orientation to the plane of the sky, and represents a benchmark for the filaments-to-clusters paradigm of star formation.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Accepted by A&A
Tidal star-planet interaction and its observed impact on stellar activity in planet-hosting wide binary systems
Creators: name: Ilic, Nikoleta
name: Poppenhaeger, Katja
name: Hosseini, S. Marzieh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tidal interaction between an exoplanet and its host star is a possible pathway to transfer angular momentum between the planetary orbit and the stellar spin. In cases where the planetary orbital period is shorter than the stellar rotation period, this may lead to angular momentum being transferred into the star's rotation, possibly counteracting the intrinsic stellar spin-down induced by magnetic braking. Observationally, detecting altered rotational states of single, cool field stars is challenging, as precise ages for such stars are rarely available. Here we present an empirical investigation of the rotation and magnetic activity of a sample of planet-hosting stars that are accompanied by wide stellar companions. Without needing knowledge about the absolute ages of the stars, we test for relative differences in activity and rotation of the planet hosts and their co-eval companions, using X-ray observations to measure the stellar activity levels. Employing three different tidal interaction models, we find that host stars with planets that are expected to tidally interact display elevated activity levels compared to their companion stars. We also find that those activity levels agree with the observed rotational periods for the host stars along the usual rotation-activity relationships, implying that the effect is indeed caused by a tidal interaction and not a purely magnetic interaction which would be expected to affect the stellar activity, but not necessarily the rotation. We conclude that massive, close-in planets have an impact on the stellar rotational evolution, while the smaller, more distant planets do not have a significant influence.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures. Accepted on 2022 March 23 for publication in MNRAS
Morphogen gradients can convey position and time in growing tissues
Creators: name: Vetter, Roman
name: Iber, Dagmar
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Tissue patterning
Morphogen gradient
Time
Opposing gradients
Neural tube
Sonic hedgehog

description: During development, cells need to make fate decisions according to their position and the developmental timepoint. Morphogen gradients provide positional information, but how timing is controlled has remained elusive. Here, we show that in morphogen gradients with constant decay length, cells experience transient, hump-shaped concentration profiles if the morphogen source expands in parallel with the uniformly growing tissue. This transient signal can convey time. We further show that opposing steady-state morphogen gradients with equal decay length, as found in the vertebrate neural tube, can synchronise cell fate decisions along the entire expanding patterning axis, because the product of the two opposing concentration gradients is constant along it. In case of an increasing amplitude, cells experience a transient hump signal, while in case of constant gradient amplitudes, the concentration product declines continuously as the tissue expands — a hallmark of a depletion timer. Once the tissue reaches a critical size and the concentrations a critical value, a cell fate switch can be triggered. Timers based on morphogen gradients offer a simple mechanism for the simultaneous control of position and time and might apply in many patterning systems, as uniform growth is observed widely in development.
description: bioRxiv
The fate of particles in the dynamical environment around Kuiper Belt object (486958) Arrokoth
Creators: name: Amarante, Andre
name: Winter, Othon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The contact binary Kuiper Belt object (486958) Arrokoth, targeted by New Horizons mission, has a unique slope pattern, which is a result of its irregular bilobate surface shape and high spin period. Thus, some peculiar topographic regions on its surface are predisposed to lose or accumulate material, as a long circular depression feature, an impact crater called Maryland, on its small lobe. The equilibrium points of Arrokoth are also directly related to the structure of the environment near these surface features. In this work, we performed numerical simulations around Arrokoth to explore the fate of particles close to equilibrium points and their dynamical connection with its surface features. Our results suggest that most of these particles in a ring inside the Arrokoth's rotational Roche lobe fall near the equatorial region of the Maryland impact crater or close to the Bright spots area on the large lobe. Also, particles in a spherical cloud orbiting Arrokoth accumulate preferentially near low-mid-latitudes regions close to the longitudes of Maryland crater and Bright spots area. In contrast, a few particles will fall in regions diametrically opposite to them, as in the LL_Term boundary on the large lobe. High-latitudes are those more empty of impacts, as in polar sites. In addition, particles larger than a couple of microns are not significantly perturbed by solar radiation pressure in the environment around Arrokoth.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures and 5 tables. Accepted for publication by the Astrophysics and Space Science. Simulation codes available on this https://github.com/a-amarante. Animated movies of simulation results available from this https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLepZc10dZiUqwQ-psqfAKD1lZ2XdhnzGY
A causal modelling analysis of Bell scenarios in space-time: implications of jamming non-local correlations for relativistic causality principles
Creators: name: Vilasini, Venkatesh
name: Colbeck, Roger
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bell scenarios involve space-like separated measurements made by multiple parties. The standard no-signalling constraints ensure that such parties cannot signal superluminally by choosing their measurement settings. In tripartite Bell scenarios, relaxed non-signalling constraints have been proposed, which permit a class of post-quantum theories known as jamming non-local theories. To analyse whether no superluminal signalling continues to hold in these theories and, more generally, the role of non-signalling constraints in preserving relativistic causality principles, we apply a framework that we have recently developed for defining information-theoretic causal models in non-classical theories and their compatibility with relativistic causality in a space-time. We show that any theory that generates jamming correlations in a Bell scenario between space-like separated parties must necessarily do so through causal fine-tuning and by means of superluminal causal influences. Moreover, within our framework, we show that jamming theories can also lead to superluminal signalling (contrary to previous claims) unless it is ensured that certain systems are fundamentally inaccessible to agents and their interventions. Finally, we analyse relativistic causality in Bell scenarios showing that no-signalling constraints on correlations are generally insufficient for ruling out superluminal signalling when general interventions are also allowed. In this way, we identify necessary and sufficient conditions for ruling out superluminal signalling in Bell scenarios, and demonstrate through examples that the non-signalling constraints on correlations are neither necessary nor sufficient for ruling out causal loops. These results solidify our understanding of relativistic causality principles in information processing tasks in space-time, involving classical, quantum or post-quantum resources.
description: arXiv
Upper bound for quantum entropy production from entropy flux
Creators: name: Salazar, Domingos S. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entropy production is a key quantity characterizing nonequilibrium systems. However, it can often be difficult to compute in practice, as it requires detailed information about the system and the dynamics it undergoes. This becomes even more difficult in the quantum domain, and if one is interested in generic nonequilibrium reservoirs, for which the standard thermal recipes no longer apply. In this paper, we derive an upper bound for the entropy production in terms of the entropy flux for a class of systems for which the flux is given in terms of a system's observable. Since currents are often easily accessible in this class of systems, this bound should prove useful for estimating the entropy production in a broad variety of processes. We illustrate the applicability of the bound by considering a three-level maser engine and a system interacting with a squeezed bath.
Confirming new changing--look AGNs discovered through optical variability using a random-forest based light curve classifier
Creators: name: López-Navas, E.
name: Martínez-Aldama, M. L.
name: Bernal, S.
name: Sánchez-Sáez, P.
name: Arévalo, P.
name: Graham, Matthew J.
name: Hernández-García, L.
name: Lira, P.
name: Lobos, P. A. Rojas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Determining the frequency and duration of changing--look (CL) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) phenomena, where the optical broad emission lines appear or disappear, is crucial to understand the evolution of the accretion flow around supermassive black holes. We present a strategy to select new CL candidates starting from a spectroscopic type 2 AGNs sample and searching for current type 1 photometric variability. We use the publicly available Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) alert stream and the Automatic Learning for the Rapid Classification of Events (ALeRCE) light curve classifier to produce a list of CL candidates with a highly automated algorithm, resulting in 60 candidates. Visual inspection reduced the sample to 30. We performed new spectroscopic observations of six candidates of our clean sample, without further refinement, finding the appearance of clear broad Balmer lines in four of them and tentative evidence of type changes in the remaining two, which suggests a promising success rate of $\geq66$ per cent for this CL selection method.
description: 5 pages
3D Simulation of Tissue Mechanics with Cell Polarization
Creators: name: Runser, Steve
name: Vetter, Roman
name: Iber, Dagmar
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: The 3D organisation of cells determines tissue function and integrity, and changes dramatically in development and disease. Cell-based simulations have long been used to define the underlying mechanical principles. However, large computational costs have so far limited simulations to either simplified cell geometries or small tissue patches. Here, we present SimuCell3D, a highly efficient open-source program to simulate large tissues in 3D with subcellular resolution, growth, proliferation, extracellular matrix, fluid cavities, nuclei, and non-uniform mechanical properties, as found in polarised epithelia. Spheroids, vesicles, sheets, tubes, and other tissue geometries can readily be imported from microscopy images and simulated to infer biomechanical parameters. Doing so, we show that 3D cell shapes in layered and pseudostratified epithelia are largely governed by a competition between surface tension and intercellular adhesion. SimuCell3D enables the large-scale in silico study of 3D tissue organization in development and disease at an unprecedented level of detail.
description: bioRxiv
High-mass pulsators in eclipsing binaries observed using TESS
Creators: name: Southworth, John
name: Bowman, Dominic M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulsations and binarity are both common features of massive stars. The study of pulsating massive stars in eclipsing binary systems hold great potential for constraining stellar structure and evolution theory. However, prior to the all-sky Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission, few such systems had been discovered or studied in detail. We have inspected the TESS light curves of a large number of eclipsing binaries known to contain high-mass stars, and compiled a list of 18 objects which show intrinsic variability. The light curves were modelled both to determine the physical properties of the systems, and to remove the effects of binarity in order to leave residual light curves suitable for asteroseismic analysis. Precise mass and radius measurements were obtained for delta Cir, CC Cas, SZ Cam, V436 Per and V539 Ara. We searched the residual light curves for pulsation signatures and, within our sample of 18 objects, we find six definite and eight possible cases of beta Cephei pulsation, seven cases of stochastic low-frequency (SLF) variability, and eight instances of possible slowly pulsating B (SPB) star pulsation. The large number of pulsating eclipsing systems we have identified makes asteroseismology of high-mass stars in eclipsing binaries a feasible avenue to constrain the interior physics of a large sample of massive stars for the first time.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 19 pages, 6 colour figures, 5 tables. Appendix not included but available from first author on request
Antiquities from Surrey in West Midlands Museums
Creators: name: Watson, Philip J
name: Symons, D J
name: Wise, Philip J
name: Bridges, Tim
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2002

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 86, 261-263
description: Items noted in a survey of archaeological collections held by the museums of Herefordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, West Midlands and Worcestershire.
DeltaZip: Multi-Tenant Language Model Serving via Delta Compression
Creators: name: Yao, Xiaozhe
name: Klimovic, Ana
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
Machine Learning (cs.LG)
FOS: Computer and information sciences
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/004
Data processing, computer science

description: Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for downstream tasks can greatly improve model quality, however serving many different fine-tuned LLMs concurrently for users in multi-tenant environments is challenging. Dedicating GPU memory for each model is prohibitively expensive and naively swapping large model weights in and out of GPU memory is slow. Our key insight is that fine-tuned models can be quickly swapped in and out of GPU memory by extracting and compressing the delta between each model and its pre-trained base model. We propose DeltaZip, an LLM serving system that efficiently serves multiple full-parameter fine-tuned models concurrently by aggressively compressing model deltas by a factor of $6\times$ to $8\times$ while maintaining high model quality. DeltaZip increases serving throughput by $1.5\times$ to $3\times$ and improves SLO attainment compared to a vanilla HuggingFace serving system.
description: arXiv, 2312.05215
Environmental Sampling: Some Guide Lines for Beginners
Creators: name: O'Connor, Terry P
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2008

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 71, 1-5
description: The aim of this paper is to provide some simple guidelines which may enable the field archaeologist to assess the environmental potential of a site, and to take soil samples with a definite end in view an essential if time is not to be wasted. The first part will deal with different methods of sampling, both individual layers, and sections. Comment will then be made regarding the preservation in different soils, and the sample size needed for different classes of environmental material.
Excavations at Battle Bridge Lane in 1995: medieval and early post-medieval development along Tooley Street, Southwark
Creators: name: Grainger, Ian
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2001

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 87, 1-47
description: Reports on excavations in Southwark which examined an area to the north of Tooley Street -- the line of a probable Saxon river bank and of a later medieval road. The site revealed part of north Southwark's urban development during the medieval and post-medieval periods, amplifying what was already known about the site from documentary evidence. The earliest remains included a number of ditches, rubbish pits and dump layers of mid-eleventh-to fourteenth-century date. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries these were succeeded by two large ponds possibly associated with industry or recreation. Both ponds were backfilled and in the later sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries the site was occupied by a series of gardens and yards. Small-scale manufacture of copper-alloy objects took place in one yard, possibly during the time when a coppersmith, Olaf Burr, owned parts of the site. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries metalworking continued in a small workshop, and a number of buildings were associated with a documented brewery.
Coincidence between morphology and star-formation activity through cosmic time: the impact of the bulge growth
Creators: name: Dimauro, Paola
name: Daddi, Emanuele
name: Shankar, Francesco
name: Cattaneo, Andrea
name: Huertas-Company, Marc
name: Bernardi, Mariangela
name: Caro, Fernando
name: Dupke, Renato
name: Häußler, Boris
name: Evelyn, Johnston
name: Cortesi, Arianna
name: Mei, Simona
name: Peletier, Reynier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of the quenching in galaxies is still highly debated. Different scenarios and processes are proposed. We use multi-band (400-1600 nm) bulge-disc decompositions of massive galaxies in the redshift range 00.2) are equally distributed in number between star forming and passive regions. The vast majority of bulges in the Main Sequence galaxies are quiescent, while star formation is localized in the disc component. Our current findings underline a strong correlation between the presence of the bulge and the star formation state of the galaxy. A bulge, if present, is often quiescent, independently of the morphology or the star formation activity of the host galaxy. Additionally, if a galaxy is quiescent, with a large probability, is hosting a bulge. Conversely, if the galaxy has a disky shape is highly probable to be star forming.
description: 23 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication on MNRAS
Periodic stellar variability from almost a million NGTS light curves
Creators: name: Briegal, Joshua T.
name: Gillen, Edward
name: Queloz, Didier
name: Hodgkin, Simon
name: Acton, Jack S.
name: Anderson, David R.
name: Armstrong, David J.
name: Battley, Matthew P.
name: Bayliss, Daniel
name: Burleigh, Matthew R.
name: Bryant, Edward M.
name: Casewell, Sarah L.
name: Costes, Jean C.
name: Eigmuller, Philipp
name: Gill, Samuel
name: Goad, Michael R.
name: Gunther, Maximilian N.
name: Henderson, Beth A.
name: Jackman, James A. G.
name: Jenkins, James S.
name: Kreutzer, Lars T.
name: Moyano, Maximiliano
name: Lendl, Monika
name: Smith, Gareth D.
name: Tilbrook, Rosanna H.
name: Watson, Christopher A.
name: West, Richard G.
name: Wheatley, Peter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse 829,481 stars from the Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS) to extract variability periods. We utilise a generalisation of the autocorrelation function (the G-ACF), which applies to irregularly sampled time series data. We extract variability periods for 16,880 stars from late-A through to mid-M spectral types and periods between 0.1 and 130 days with no assumed variability model. We find variable signals associated with a number of astrophysical phenomena, including stellar rotation, pulsations and multiple-star systems. The extracted variability periods are compared with stellar parameters taken from Gaia DR2, which allows us to identify distinct regions of variability in the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram. We explore a sample of rotational main-sequence objects in period-colour space, in which we observe a dearth of rotation periods between 15 and 25 days. This 'bi-modality' was previously only seen in space-based data. We demonstrate that stars in sub-samples above and below the period gap appear to arise from a stellar population not significantly contaminated by excess multiple systems. We also observe a small population of long-period variable M-dwarfs, which highlight a departure from the predictions made by rotational evolution models fitted to solar-type main-sequence objects. The NGTS data spans a period and spectral type range that links previous rotation studies such as those using data from Kepler, K2 and MEarth.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Enhancing the spatial resolution of GRACE ocean bottom pressure using deep learning algorithms
Creators: name: Gou, Junyang
name: Börger, Lara
name: Schindelegger, Michael
name: Soja, Benedikt
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: The gravimetry measurements from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission provide an essential way to monitor changes in ocean bottom pressure (OBP), which is a key variable in understanding ocean circulation. However, the coarse spatial resolution of GRACE OBP hinders resolving mass transports with refined details, particularly on the continental slope. By contrast, classical ocean forward models or reanalyses provide small-scale OBP information, but typically suffer from other problems (e.g., uncertainties in forcing fields, bathymetry, or structural errors in the dynamical formulation). In this study, we downscale the GRACE measured OBP to the eddy-permitting resolution of 0.25º using a self-supervised deep learning model by considering inputs from external high-resolution ocean models. The proposed deep learning model combines the principles of convolutional neural networks, residual learning, and an encoder-decoder structure. By a specific design of the loss function, the model learns to retain the short spatial scale signals contained in the ocean model and calibrate their magnitudes based on GRACE measurements over an area larger than the effective resolution of GRACE. We will compare the downscaled OBP signals to in-situ observations obtained from globally distributed bottom pressure recorders. The possibility of using the downscaled OBP changes for monitoring the meridional overturning circulation via boundary pressures on the continental slope in the North Atlantic will also be discussed.