cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Does Intellectual Property Protection Spur Technological Change?
Creators: name: Kanwar, Sunil
name: Evenson, Robert E.
name: Kanwar, Sunil
name: Evenson, Robert E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: intellectual property rights
subject: technological change
subject: economic growth

description: Of the diverse factors motivating technological change, one factor that has received increasing attention in the recent past has been the protection of intellectual property rights. Given fairly recent changes in the international policy ethos where a regime of stronger intellectual property protection has become a fait accompli for most developing countries, it is of some significance to ask whether more stringent protection of intellectual property does indeed encourage innovation. And this is the question which this paper examines, utilising cross-country panel data on R&D investment, patent protection and other country-specific characteristics spanning the period 1981-1990. The evidence unambiguously indicates the significance of intellectual property rights as incentives for spurring innovation.
Additional file 7 of A cell-based ribozyme reporter system employing a chromosomally-integrated 5′ exonuclease gene
Creators: name: Aroonsri, Aiyada
name: Jindaporn Kongsee
name: Gunawan, Jeremy David
name: Aubry, Daniel Abidin
name: Shaw, Philip James
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Supplementary data S1. Sequences of plasmids and DNA fragments for integration.
Series solutions for a static scalar potential in a Salam-Sezgin Supergravitational hybrid braneworld
Creators: name: Carter, Benedict M. N.
name: Nielsen, Alex B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The static potential for a massless scalar field shares the essential features of the scalar gravitational mode in a tensorial perturbation analysis about the background solution. Using the fluxbrane construction of [8] we calculate the lowest order of the static potential of a massless scalar field on a thin brane using series solutions to the scalar field's Klein Gordon equation and we find that it has the same form as Newton's Law of Gravity. We claim our method will in general provide a quick and useful check that one may use to see if their model will recover Newton's Law to lowest order on the brane.
description: 5 pages, no figures
The NIH Generalist Repository Ecosystem Initiative (GREI):  Supporting Data Sharing in Generalist Repositories
Creators: name: Go, Pearl
name: Goldman, Julie
name: Gueguen, Gretchen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Generalist Repository Ecosystem Initiative (GREI)
Data Discovery
Data Management and Sharing
Use Cases

description: This presentation was given as part of the Network of the National Library of Medicine (NNLM) National Center for Data Services (NCDS) summer 2024 webinar series on Topics in Data Sharing, on August 7, 2024.Generalist repositories are a flexible, trusted resource for sharing research data for which there is no appropriate discipline specific repository as well as many other research outputs valuable for reproducibility and open science. This webinar was presented by participants of the Generalist Repository Ecosystem Initiative (GREI) (Dataverse, Dryad, Figshare, Mendeley Data, Open Science Framework, Vivli, and Zenodo), an NIH program supporting the enhancement of generalist repository functionality to better support NIH data sharing use cases. The GREI repositories shared generalist repository use cases and best practices for sharing and finding data, and described how generalist repositories fit into the wider data repository landscape and how they can be part of meeting the new NIH Data Management and Sharing Policy requirements. It presented both the key common features of the GREI generalist repositories that meet the NIH desirable repository characteristics as well as the unique features of these repositories that make them suited to specific types of data. 

Learning objectives

Define generalist repositories and how they fit into the broader data repository landscape.

Explain the purpose and goals of the NIH Generalist Repository Ecosystem Initiative (GREI).

Describe common use cases for generalist repositories in data sharing.

Understand best practices for sharing and finding data in generalist repositories.

Discuss how generalist repositories can help meet NIH Data Management and Sharing Policy requirements.
Power Allocation for Coexisting Multicarrier Radar and Communication Systems in Cluttered Environments
Creators: name: Wang, Fangzhou
name: Li, Hongbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, power allocation is examined for the coexistence of a radar and a communication system that employ multicarrier waveforms. We propose two designs for the considered spectrum sharing problem by maximizing the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the radar receiver while maintaining certain communication throughput and power constraints. The first is a joint design where the subchannel powers of both the radar and communication systems are jointly optimized. Since the resulting problem is highly nonconvex, we introduce a reformulation by combining the power variables of both systems into a single stacked variable, which allows us to bypass a conventional computationally intensive alternating optimization procedure. The resulting problem is then solved via a quadratic transform method along with a sequential convex programming (SCP) technique. The second is a unilateral design which optimizes the radar transmission power with fixed communication power. The unilateral design is suitable for cases where the communication system pre-exists while the radar occasionally joins the channel as a secondary user. The problem is solved by a Taylor expansion based iterative SCP procedure. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed joint and unilateral designs in comparison with a subcarrier allocation based method.
Place of Work and Place of Residence: Informal Hiring Networks and Labor Market Outcomes
Creators: name: Bayer, Patrick
name: Ross, Stephen L.
name: Topa, Giorgio
name: Bayer, Patrick
name: Ross, Stephen L.
name: Topa, Giorgio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: neighborhood effects
subject: job referrals
subject: social interactions
subject: social networks
subject: labor supply

description: We use a novel dataset and research design to empirically detect the effect of social interactions among neighbors on labor market outcomes. Specifically, using Census data that characterize residential and employment locations down to the city block, we examine whether individuals residing in the same block are more likely to work together than those in nearby blocks. We find evidence of significant social interactions operating at the block level: residing on the same versus nearby blocks increases the probability of working together by over 33 percent. The results also indicate that this referral effect is stronger when individuals are similar in sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., both have children of similar ages) and when at least one individual is well attached to the labor market. These findings are robust across various specifications intended to address concerns related to sorting and reverse causation. Further, having determined the characteristics of a pair of individuals that lead to an especially strong referral effect, we provide evidence that the increased availability of neighborhood referrals has a significant impact on a wide range of labor market outcomes including employment and wages.
Fertility in South Dublin a Century Ago: A First Look
Creators: name: Guinnane, Timothy W.
name: Moehling, Carolyn M.
name: Grada, Cormac O
name: Guinnane, Timothy W.
name: Moehling, Carolyn M.
name: Grada, Cormac O
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Ireland
subject: fertility
subject: demography

description: Ireland's relatively late and feeble fertility transition remains poorly-understood. The leading explanations stress the role of Catholicism and a conservative social ethos. This paper reports the first results from a project that uses new samples from the 1911 census of Ireland to study fertility in Dublin and Belfast. Our larger project aims to use the extensive literature on the fertility transition elsewhere in Europe to refine and test leading hypotheses in their Irish context. The present paper uses a sample from the Dublin suburb of Pembroke to take a first look at the questions, data, and methods. This sample is much larger than those used in previous studies of Irish fertility, and is the first from an urban area. We find considerable support for the role of religion, networks, and other factors stressed in the literature on the fertility transition, but the data also show a role for the social-class effects downplayed in recent discussions.
Contrasting physical properties of the trilayer nickelates Nd$_4$Ni$_3$O$_{10}$ and Nd$_4$Ni$_3$O$_8$
Creators: name: Li, Qing
name: He, Chengping
name: Zhu, Xiyu
name: Si, Jin
name: Fan, Xinwei
name: Wen, Hai-Hu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the crystal structures and physical properties of trilayer nickelates Nd$_4$Ni$_3$O$_{10}$ and Nd$_4$Ni$_3$O$_8$. Measurements of magnetization and electrical resistivity display contrasting behaviors in the two compounds. Nd$_4$Ni$_3$O$_{10}$ shows a paramagnetic metallic behavior with a metal to metal phase transition($T^{\ast}$) at about 162 K, as revealed by both magnetic susceptibility and resistivity. Further magnetoresistance and Hall coefficient results show a negative magnetoresistance at low temperatures and the carrier type of Nd$_4$Ni$_3$O$_{10}$ is dominated by hole-type charge carriers. The significant enhancement of Hall coefficient and resistivity below $T^{\ast}$ suggest that effective charge carrier density decreases when cooling through the transition temperature. In contrast, Nd$_4$Ni$_3$O$_8$ shows an insulating behavior despite small value of resistivity at room temperature. The compound shows paramagnetic behavior, with the similar magnetic moments as in Nd$_4$Ni$_3$O$_{10}$ derived from the Curie-Weiss fitting. This may suggest that the magnetic moments in both systems are contributed by the Nd ions. By applying pressures up to about 49 GPa, the insulating behavior is still present and becomes even stronger. Our results suggest that the different Ni configurations ($Ni^{1+/2+}$ or $Ni^{2+/3+}$) and competition between localized and itinerant electrons may account for the contrasting behaviors in trilayer nickelates Nd$_4$Ni$_3$O$_{10}$ and Nd$_4$Ni$_3$O$_8$.
From F/M-theory to K-theory and back
Creators: name: Garcia-Etxebarria, Inaki
name: Uranga, Angel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider discrete K-theory tadpole cancellation conditions in type IIB orientifolds with magnetised 7-branes. Cancellation of K-theory charge constrains the choices of world-volume magnetic fluxes on the latter. We describe the F-/M-theory lift of these configurations, where 7-branes are encoded in the geometry of an elliptic fibration, and their magnetic quanta correspond to supergravity 4-form field strength fluxes. In a K3 compactification example, we show that standard quantization of 4-form fluxes as integer cohomology classes in K3 automatically implies the K-theory charge cancellation constraints on the 7-brane worldvolume magnetic fluxes in string theory (as well as new previously unnoticed discrete constraints, which we also interpret). Finally, we show that flux quantization in F-/M-theory implies that 7-brane world-volume flux quantization conditions are modified in the presence of 3-form fluxes.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures. v2 reference added
INS/Odometer Land Navigation by Accurate Measurement Modeling and Multiple-Model Adaptive Estimation
Creators: name: Ouyang, Wei
name: Wu, Yuanxin
name: Chen, Hongyue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Land vehicle navigation based on inertial navigation system (INS) and odometers is a classical autonomous navigation application and has been extensively studied over the past several decades. In this work, we seriously analyze the error characteristics of the odometer (OD) pulses and investigate three types of odometer measurement models in the INS/OD integrated system. Specifically, in the pulse velocity model, a preliminary Kalman filter is designed to obtain accurate vehicle velocity from the accumulated pulses; the pulse increment model is accordingly obtained by integrating the pulse velocity; a new pulse accumulation model is proposed by augmenting the travelled distance into the system state. The three types of measurements, along with the nonhonolomic constraint (NHC), are implemented in the standard extended Kalman filter. In view of the motion-related pulse error characteristics, the multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) approach is exploited to further enhance the performance. Simulations and long-distance experiments are conducted to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods. It is shown that the standard pulse velocity measurement achieves the superior performance, whereas the accumulated pulse measurement is most favorable with the MMAE enhancement.
description: 16 pages
Additional file 1 of “It means so much for me to have a choice”: a qualitative study providing first-person perspectives on medication-free treatment in mental health care
Creators: name: Oedegaard, Christine H.
name: Davidson, Larry
name: Brynjulf Stige
name: Veseth, Marius
name: Blindheim, Anne
name: Garvik, Linda
name: Jan-Magne Sørensen
name: Søraa, Øystein
name: Engebretsen, Ingunn Marie Stadskleiv
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Short topic guide used for the in-depth interviews with the patients, translated from Norwegian.
Violation of the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem and Heating Effects in the Time-Dependent Kondo Model
Creators: name: Lobaskin, D.
name: Kehrein, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) plays a fundamental role in understanding quantum many-body problems. However, its applicability is limited to equilibrium systems and it does in general not hold in nonequilibrium situations. This violation of the FDT is an important tool for studying nonequilibrium physics. In this paper we present results for the violation of the FDT in the Kondo model where the impurity spin is frozen for all negative times, and set free to relax at positive times. We derive exact analytical results at the Toulouse point, and results within a controlled approximation in the Kondo limit, which allow us to study the FDT violation on all time scales.A measure of the FDT violation is provided by the effective temperature, which shows initial heating effects after switching on the perturbation, and then exponential cooling to zero temperature as the Kondo system reaches equilibrium.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures; v2: added references and clarified definition of effective temperature
Neue syrische Grabinschriften aus Qasrōk (Nordostsyrien) aus dem Jahre 327-330 H.
Creators: name: Talay, Shabo
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 87 (2003): Oriens christianus, Band 87
Vacuum Structure of Two-Dimensional $ϕ^4$ Theory on the Orbifold $S^{1}/Z_{2}$
Creators: name: Cho, H. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the vacuum structure of two-dimensional $ϕ^4$ theory on $S^{1}/Z_{2}$ both in the bosonic and the supersymmetric cases. When the size of the orbifold is varied, a phase transition occurs at $L_{c}=2π/m$, where $m$ is the mass of $ϕ$. For $LL_{c}$, there are two degenerate vacua. We also obtain the 1-loop quantum corrections around these vacuum solutions, exactly in the case of $LL_{c}$. As for the quantum corrections, the fermionic contributions cancel the singular part of the bosonic contributions at L=0. Then the total quantum correction has a minimum at the critical length $L_{c}$.
description: Revtex, 15 pages, 3 eps figures
Additional file 2 of Certification as support for resilience? Behind the curtains of a certification body — a qualitative study
Creators: name: Johannesen, Dag Tomas Sagen
name: Lindøe, Preben Hempel
name: Wiig, Siri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Interview guide: Certification body – Managers and administrative personnel.
Polarization-Dependent Resonant Anomalous Surface X-ray Scattering of CO/Pt(111)
Creators: name: Menzel, Andreas
name: Tolmachev, Yuriy V.
name: Chang, Kee-Chul
name: Komanicky, Vladimir
name: Chu, Yong S.
name: Rehr, John J.
name: You, Hoydoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polarization dependence of resonant anomalous surface x-ray scattering (RASXS) was studied for interfaces buried in electrolytes or in high-pressure gas. We demonstrate that RASXS exhibits strong polarization dependence when the surface is only slightly modified by adsorption of light elements such as carbon monoxide on platinum surfaces. s- and p-polarization RASXS data were simulated with the latest version of ab initio multiple scattering calculations (FEFF8.2). Elementary considerations are additionally presented for the origin of the polarization dependence in RASXS.
description: 15 pages. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
A non-perturbative approach to non-commutative scalar field theory
Creators: name: Steinacker, Harold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-commutative Euclidean scalar field theory is shown to have an eigenvalue sector which is dominated by a well-defined eigenvalue density, and can be described by a matrix model. This is established using regularizations of R^{2n}_θvia fuzzy spaces for the free and weakly coupled case, and extends naturally to the non-perturbative domain. It allows to study the renormalization of the effective potential using matrix model techniques, and is closely related to UV/IR mixing. In particular we find a phase transition for the ϕ^4 model at strong coupling, to a phase which is identified with the striped or matrix phase. The method is expected to be applicable in 4 dimensions, where a critical line is found which terminates at a non-trivial point, with nonzero critical coupling. This provides evidence for a non-trivial fixed-point for the 4-dimensional NC ϕ^4 model.
description: 38 pages, 1 figure. V2: references added. V3: typos fixed, discussion added; published version
What Drives Racial Segregation? New Evidence Using Census Microdata
Creators: name: Bayer, Patrick
name: McMillan, Robert
name: Rueben, Kim
name: Bayer, Patrick
name: McMillan, Robert
name: Rueben, Kim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: residential segregation
subject: racial segregation
subject: sorting
subject: housing markets

description: This paper sheds new light on the forces that drive residential segregation on the basis of race, assessing the extent to which across-race differences in other household characteristics can explain a significant portion of observed racial segregation. The central contribution of the analysis is to provide a transparent new measurement framework for understanding segregation patterns. This framework allows researchers to characterize patterns of segregation, to decompose them in meaningful ways, and to carry out partial equilibrium counterfactuals that illuminate the contributions of a variety of non-race characteristics in driving segregation. We illustrate our approach using restricted micro-Census data from the San Francisco Bay Area that provide a rich joint distribution of household and neighborhood characteristics not previously available to the research community. In contrast to findings in the prior literature, our analysis indicates that individual household characteristics can explain a considerable fraction of segregation by race, explaining almost 95% of segregation for Hispanic, over 50% for Asian, and 30% for White and Black households.
Chebyshev Polynomial Method to Landauer-Büttiker Formula of Quantum Transport in Nanostructures
Creators: name: Yu, Yan
name: Zhang, Yan-Yang
name: Liu, Lei
name: Wang, Si-Si
name: Guan, Ji-Huan
name: Xia, Yang
name: Li, Shu-Shen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Landauer-Büttiker formula describes the electronic quantum transports in nanostructures and molecules. It will be numerically demanding for simulations of complex or large size systems due to, for example, matrix inversion calculations. Recently, Chebyshev polynomial method has attracted intense interests in numerical simulations of quantum systems due to the high efficiency in parallelization, because the only matrix operation it involves is just the product of sparse matrices and vectors. Many progresses have been made on the Chebyshev polynomial representations of physical quantities for isolated or bulk quantum structures. Here we present the Chebyshev polynomial method to the typical electronic scattering problem, the Landauer-Büttiker formula for the conductance of quantum transports in nanostructures. We first describe the full algorithm based on the standard bath kernel polynomial method (KPM). Then, we present two simple butefficient improvements. One of them has a time consumption remarkably less than the direct matrix calculation without KPM. Some typical examples are also presented to illustrate the numerical effectiveness.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Coordinating Development: Can Income-based Incentive Schemes Eliminate Pareto Inferior Equilibria?
Creators: name: Bond, Philip
name: Pande, Rohini
name: Bond, Philip
name: Pande, Rohini
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: coordination
subject: public policy
subject: income taxation
subject: implementation

description: Individuals' inability to coordinate investment may significantly constrain economic development. In this paper we study a simple investment game characterized by multiple equilibria and ask whether an income-based incentive scheme can uniquely implement the high investment outcome. A general property of this game is the presence of a crossover investment point at which an individual's incomes from investment and non-investment are equal. We show that arbitrarily small errors in the government's knowledge of this crossover point can prevent unique implementation of the high investment outcome. We conclude that informational requirements are likely to severely limit a government's ability to use income-based incentive schemes as a coordination device.
Human Resources in China: The Birth Quota, Returns to Schooling, and Migration
Creators: name: Schultz, T. Paul
name: Schultz, T. Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: human capital returns
subject: rural-urban migration
subject: elderly poverty
subject: China

description: Rural elderly have 40% of the income of those in urban areas, spend a larger share of their income on food, are in worse health, work later into their lives, and depend more on their children, lacking pensions and public services. The birth quota since 1980 has particularly restricted the childbearing of rural less educated women, who now face retirement with fewer children for support. Inequality in China is also be traced to increasing returns to schooling , especially beyond secondary school. Government restrictions on rural-urban migration reduces national efficiency, adds to the urban-rural wage gap, and increases inequality.
A Pro-Market Agenda for El Salvador
Creators: name: Engel, Eduardo M.R.A.
name: Engel, Eduardo M.R.A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: market reform
subject: antitrust legislation
subject: consumer protection
subject: privatization
subject: regulation of utilities

description: This paper argues that, despite important productivity gains, reforms have benefited consumers much less than expected in El Salvador. Antitrust legislation, consumer protection and an adequate regulation of privatized utilities are central ingredients of a successful market economy. Major reforms that are needed in each one of these areas in El Salvador are described.
Enhanced photon blockade in an optomechanical system with parametric amplification
Creators: name: Wang, Dong-Yang
name: Bai, Cheng-Hua
name: Han, Xue
name: Liu, Shutian
name: Zhang, Shou
name: Wang, Hong-Fu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme to enhance the single- and two-photon blockade effect significantly in a standard optomechanical system (OMS) via optical parametric amplification (OPA). The scheme does not rely on the strong single-photon optomechanical coupling and can eliminate the disadvantages of suppressing multi-photon excitation incompletely. Through analyzing the single-photon blockade (1PB) mechanism and optimizing the system parameters, we obtain a perfect 1PB with a high occupancy probability of single-photon excitation, which means that a high quality and efficient single-photon source can be generated. Moreover, we find that not only the two-photon blockade (2PB) effect is significantly enhanced but also the region of 2PB occurring is widened when the OPA exists, where we also derive the optimal parameter condition to maximize the two-photon emission and the higher photon excitations are intensely suppressed at the same time.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Twin spin/charge roton mode and superfluid density: primary determining factors of $T_{c}$ in high-$T_{c}$ superconductors observed by neutron, ARPES, and $μ$SR
Creators: name: Uemura, Y. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the quest for primary factors which determine the transition temperature $T_{c}$ of high-$T_{c}$ cuprate superconductors (HTSC), we develop a phenomenological picture combining experimental results from muon spin relaxation ($μ$SR), neutron and Raman scattering, and angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) measurements, guided by an analogy with superfluid $^{4}$He. The 41 meV neutron resonance mode and the ARPES superconducting coherence peak (SCP) can be viewed as direct observations of spin and charge soft modes, respectively, appearing near ($π,π$) and the center of the Brillouin zone, having identical energy transfers and dispersion relations. We present a conjecture that the mode energy of this twin spin/charge collective excitation, as a roton analogue in HTSC, plays a primary role in determining $T_{c}$, together with the superfluid density $n_{s}/m^{*}$ at $T \to 0$. We further propose a microscopic model for pairing based on a resonant spin-charge motion, which explains the extremely strong spin-charge coupling, relevant energy scales, disappearence of pairing in the overdoped region, and the contrasting spin-sensitivities of nodal and antinodal charges in HTSC systems. Comparing collective versus single-particle excitations, pair formation versus condensation, and local versus long-range phase coherence, we argue that many fundamental features of HTSC systems, including the region of the Nernst effect, can be understood in terms of condensation and fluctuation phenomena of bosonic correlations formed above $T_{c}$.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures. Yamazaki Prize Lecture presented at the International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation, MuSR2005, Oxford, UK, August, 2005. Physica B, in press. Contact: tomo@lorentz.phys.columbia.edu
Additional file 1 of A novel path-specific effect statistic for identifying the differential specific paths in systems epidemiology
Creators: name: Li, Hongkai
name: Geng, Zhi
name: Xiaoru Sun
name: Yuanyuan Yu
name: Fuzhong Xue
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Codes for automatic calculating PSE statistic of all specific paths linking any two continuous variables.
Metal Abundances in the ICM as a Diagnostics of the Cluster History
Creators: name: Böhringer, H.
name: Matsushita, K.
name: Finoguenov, A.
name: Xue, Y.
name: Churazov, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy clusters with a dense cooling core exhibit a central increase in the metallicity of the intracluster medium. Recent XMM-Newton studies with detailed results on the relative abundances of several heavy elements show that the high central abundances are mostly due to the contribution from supernovae type Ia. The dominant source is the stellar population of the central cluster galaxy. With this identification of the origin of heavy elements and the observed rates of SN Ia in elliptical galaxies, the central abundance peak can be used as a diagnostic for the history of the cluster core region. We find for four nearby cooling core clusters that the enrichment times for the central peaks are larger than 6 - 10 Gyrs even for a higher SN Ia rate in the past. This points to an old age and a relatively quiet history of these cluster core regions. A detailed analysis of the element abundance ratios provides evidence that the SN Ia yields in the central cluster galaxies are more rich in intermediate mass elements, like Si and S, compared to the SN Ia models used to explain the heavy element enrichment in our Galaxy.
description: Advances in Space Research in press (proceedings of the COSPAR 2004 Assembly, Paris), 9 pages, 5 figures
Numerical Study of Disorder on the Orbital Magnetization in Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Wang, Si-Si
name: Zhang, Yan-Yang
name: Guan, Ji-Huan
name: Yu, Yan
name: Xia, Yang
name: Li, Shu-Shen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The modern theory of orbital magnetization (OM) was developed by using Wannier function method, which has a formalism similar with the Berry phase. In this manuscript, we perform a numerical study on the fate of the OM under disorder, by using this method on the Haldane model in two dimensions, which can be tuned between a normal insulator or a Chern insulator at half filling. The effects of increasing disorder on OM for both cases are simulated. Energy renormalization shifts are observed in the weak disorder regime and topologically trivial case, which was predicted by a self-consistent T-matrix approximation. Besides this, two other phenomena can be seen. One is the localization trend of the band orbital magnetization. The other is the remarkable contribution from topological chiral states arising from nonzero Chern number or large value of integrated Berry curvature. If the fermi energy is fixed at the gap center of the clean system, there is an enhancement of |M| at the intermediate disorder, for both cases of normal and Chern insulators, which can be attributed to the disorder induced topological metal state before localization.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Study of the departures from LTE in the unevolved stars infra-red spectra
Creators: name: Korotin, S. A.
name: Andrievsky, S. M.
name: Caffau, E.
name: Bonifacio, P.
name: Oliva, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of departures from Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) in the formation of infra-red lines of Na I, Mg I, Al I, S I, K I and Sr II in unevolved stars of spectral types F,G,K and metallicities around the solar metallicity. The purpose of this investigation is to identify lines of these species that can be safely treated with the LTE approximation in the infra-red spectra of these types of stars. We employ a set of 40 stars observed with the GIANO spectrograph at the 3.5 m Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) and previously investigated by Caffau et al. We were able to identify many lines that can be treated in LTE for all the above-mentioned species, except for Sr II. The latter species can only be studied using three lines in the J-band, but all three of them display significant departures from LTE. With our small-size, but high-quality sample we can determine robustly the trends of the abundance ratios with metallicity, confirming the trends apparent from a sample that is larger by several orders of magnitude, but of lower quality in terms of resolution and S/N ratio.
[Motiver fra Trondheim]
Creators: name: Johansen, Oskar (A.?)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1950

description: Et fotoalbum med motiver fra Trondheim.
description: På innsiden av permen står det skrevet: "Mine hjerteligste gratulasjoner på 60-årsdagen. 7. nov. 1952. Hilsen Oskar (A.?) Johansen.
NMTO Wannier-like functions for insulators and metals
Creators: name: Zurek, Eva
name: Jepsen, Ove
name: Andersen, Ole K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within this paper we outline a method able to generate truly minimal basis sets which describe either a group of bands, a band, or even just the occupied part of a band accurately. These basis sets are the so-called NMTOs, Muffin Tin Orbitals of order N. For an isolated set of bands, symmetrical orthonormalization of the NMTOs yields a set of Wannier functions which are atom-centered and localized by construction. They are not necessarily maximally localized, but may be transformed into those Wannier functions. For bands which overlap others, Wannier-like functions can be generated. It is shown that NMTOs give a chemical understanding of an extended system. In particular, orbitals for the pi and sigma bands in an insulator, boron nitride, and a semi-metal, graphite, will be considered. In addition, we illustrate that it is possible to obtain Wannier-like functions for only the occupied states in a metallic system by generating NMTOs for cesium. Finally, we visualize the pressure-induced s to d transition.
description: Submitted to ChemPhysChem, 33 pages
Additional file 1 of Particle characterization and toxicity in C57BL/6 mice following instillation of five different diesel exhaust particles designed to differ in physicochemical properties
Creators: name: Bendtsen, Katja Maria
name: Gren, Louise
name: Malmborg, Vilhelm Berg
name: Pravesh Chandra Shukla
name: Tunér, Martin
name: Essig, Yona J.
name: Krais, Annette M.
name: Clausen, Per Axel
name: Berthing, Trine
name: Loeschner, Katrin
name: Jacobsen, Nicklas Raun
name: Wolff, Henrik
name: Pagels, Joakim
name: Vogel, Ulla Birgitte
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 6 of A cell-based ribozyme reporter system employing a chromosomally-integrated 5′ exonuclease gene
Creators: name: Aroonsri, Aiyada
name: Jindaporn Kongsee
name: Gunawan, Jeremy David
name: Aubry, Daniel Abidin
name: Shaw, Philip James
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6: Table S1. List of oligo primers for construction of template and reporter plasmids. Table S2. List of oligo primers for preparation of DNA fragment for chromosome integration and verification of the integrants. Table S3. Growth and EGFP fluorescence of HH-co-transformants, HH-iRJ1single and double integrants detected at 6-h cultivation time.
Untitled: A Study of Formal and Informal Property Rights in Urban Ecuador
Creators: name: Lanjouw, Jean O.
name: Levy, Philip I.
name: Lanjouw, Jean O.
name: Levy, Philip I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: In this paper we explore the substitutability of formal and informal property rights. We analyze new survey data from Ecuador, where households have both formal and informal claims to urban residential property. The latter come from a variety of sources, including the activity of a local boss, or organizer. We first develop a theory of the ability to sell or rent land in which a distinction is drawn between transferable property rights (e.g., title) and non-transferable claims (e.g., length of residence). We use this theory of transactions to show that the increase in price that follows the granting of title may be an overestimate of the households' utility gain. In our empirical work we find that the unconditional effect of granting title is to raise properties' value by 23.5%. However, we also find that informal property rights can substitute effectively for formal property rights, so the marginal effect of titling on the ability to transact and on prices can vary widely among communities and among households within a community. For example, the value of property owned by a newly established household with no adult males can increase by 46% with the acquisition of title. These findings suggest that titling programs should be targeted at young disorganized communities if they are to have much effect.
Vertical mixing of ozone in the very stable nocturnal boundary layer
Creators: name: Salmond, Jennifer Ann
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Significant increases in nocturnal ozone concentration have been observed near the surface in regions of complex terrain. These temporally isolated features are characterised by a sudden increase ('spike') in ozone concentrations superimposed upon spatially uniform background concentrations of near zero. They typically occur during the summer months when synoptic conditions support the development of the very stable nocturnal boundary layer (NBL). Although localised, these 'spikes' in ozone concentration may have environmental and health consequences and play a significant role in determining diurnal pollutant budgets. During the summer of 1998 a field experiment was conducted in the Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia, to investigate the relationship between near surface ozone concentrations and the structure of the NBL. This thesis examines the hypothesis that nocturnal spikes in surface ozone concentration result from vertical mixing processes which temporarily couple the residual layer to the surface layer, facilitating the transport of ozone stored aloft to the surface. The study uses a comparatively new quantitative analytical tool - wavelet analysis - to objectively isolate periods of intermittent turbulence observed in the near surface layers through the field campaign. A new technique is developed to isolate the flux associated with only the turbulent ('burst') component of each time series, and to provide revised estimates of scalar fluxes. Despite the dominance of ozone sinks in the surface layer, localised spikes in ozone concentration were observed throughout the Lower Fraser Valley during the field campaign. At the field site these were well correlated with periods of increased turbulence associated with the presence or rapid break-down of the nocturnal low-level jet and the development of down-valley winds. However, spikes in surface concentration were also shown to be sensitive to surface nitrogen monoxide concentrations and ozone concentration aloft. Ozone concentrations were highly variable throughout the residual layer, and the largest spikes in surface concentration coincided with periods when ozone concentrations in excess of 80 ppb were observed aloft. Whilst the results demonstrate that vertical mixing processes can play a significant role in determining local surface concentrations, in regions of complex coastal terrain the role of advection in the NBL cannot be ignored.
Crossover from the pair contact process with diffusion to directed percolation
Creators: name: Park, Su-Chan
name: Park, Hyunggyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Crossover behaviors from the pair contact process with diffusion (PCPD) and the driven PCPD (DPCPD) to the directed percolation (DP) are studied in one dimension by introducing a single particle annihilation/branching dynamics. The crossover exponents $ϕ$ are estimated numerically as $1/ϕ\simeq 0.58\pm0.03$ for the PCPD and $1/ϕ\simeq 0.49 \pm 0.02$ for the DPCPD. Nontriviality of the PCPD crossover exponent strongly supports non-DP nature of the PCPD critical scaling, which is further evidenced by the anomalous critical amplitude scaling near the PCPD point. In addition, we find that the DPCPD crossover is consistent with the mean field prediction of the tricritical DP class as expected.
Enabling Effective Exoplanet / Planetary Collaborative Science
Creators: name: Marley, Mark S.
name: Harman, Chester
name: Hammel, Heidi B.
name: Byrne, Paul
name: Fortney, Jonathan
name: Accomazzi, Alberto
name: Moran, Sarah E.
name: Way, Michael
name: Christiansen, Jessie
name: Izenberg, Noam
name: Holt, Timothy
name: Vahidinia, Sanaz
name: Kohler, Erika
name: Brugman, Karalee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The field of exoplanetary science has emerged over the past two decades, rising up alongside traditional solar system planetary science. Both fields focus on understanding the processes which form and sculpt planets through time, yet there has been less scientific exchange between the two communities than is ideal. This white paper explores some of the institutional and cultural barriers which impede cross-discipline collaborations and suggests solutions that would foster greater collaboration. Some solutions require structural or policy changes within NASA itself, while others are directed towards other institutions, including academic publishers, that can also facilitate greater interdisciplinarity.
description: 8 pages; white paper submitted to the Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023-2032
Giant nonlinear optical responses from photon avalanching nanoparticles
Creators: name: Lee, Changhwan
name: Xu, Emma
name: Liu, Yawei
name: Teitelboim, Ayelet
name: Yao, Kaiyuan
name: Fernandez-Bravo, Angel
name: Kotulska, Agata
name: Nam, Sang Hwan
name: Suh, Yung Doug
name: Bednarkiewicz, Artur
name: Cohen, Bruce E.
name: Chan, Emory M.
name: Schuck, P. James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Avalanche phenomena leverage steeply nonlinear dynamics to generate disproportionately high responses from small perturbations and are found in a multitude of events and materials, enabling technologies including optical phase-conjugate imaging, infrared quantum counting, and efficient upconverted lasing. However, the photon avalanching (PA) mechanism underlying these optical innovations has been observed only in bulk materials and aggregates, and typically at cryogenic temperatures, limiting its utility and impact. Here, we report the realization of PA at room temperature in single nanostructures--small, Tm-doped upconverting nanocrystals--and demonstrate their use in superresolution imaging at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths within spectral windows of maximal biological transparency. Avalanching nanoparticles (ANPs) can be pumped by continuous-wave or pulsed lasers and exhibit all of the defining features of PA. These hallmarks include excitation power thresholds, long rise time at threshold, and a dominant excited-state absorption that is >13,000x larger than ground-state absorption. Beyond the avalanching threshold, ANP emission scales nonlinearly with the 26th power of pump intensity. This enables the realization of photon-avalanche single-beam superresolution imaging (PASSI), achieving sub-70 nm spatial resolution using only simple scanning confocal microscopy and before any computational analysis. Pairing their steep nonlinearity with existing superresolution techniques and computational methods, ANPs allow for imaging with higher resolution and at ca. 100-fold lower excitation intensities than is possible with other probes. The low PA threshold and exceptional photostability of ANPs also suggest their utility in a diverse array of applications including sub-wavelength bioimaging, IR detection, temperature and pressure transduction, neuromorphic computing, and quantum optics.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 8 of A cell-based ribozyme reporter system employing a chromosomally-integrated 5′ exonuclease gene
Creators: name: Aroonsri, Aiyada
name: Jindaporn Kongsee
name: Gunawan, Jeremy David
name: Aubry, Daniel Abidin
name: Shaw, Philip James
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 8: Supplementary data S2. Unmodified images of gels and blots. Unmodified images are shown for each figure as indicated. The cropped regions are indicated by red boxes. Lanes with no labels outside of the red boxes indicate data unrelated to this study.