cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Long-range memory test by the burst and inter-burst duration distribution
Creators: name: Gontis, Vygintas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: It is empirically established that order flow in the financial markets is positively auto-correlated and can serve as an example of a social system with long-range memory. Nevertheless, widely used long-range memory estimators give varying values of the Hurst exponent. We propose the burst and inter-burst duration statistical analysis as one more test of long-range memory and implement it with the limit order book data comparing it with other widely used estimators. This method gives a more reliable evaluation of the Hurst exponent independent of the stock in consideration or time definition used. Results strengthen the expectation that burst and inter-burst duration analysis can serve as a better method to investigate the property of long-range memory.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
Technical efficiency of Organic Fertilizer in small farms of Nicaragua: 1998-2005
Creators: name: Zúniga-González, Carlos Alberto
name: Zúniga-González, Carlos Alberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Technical Efficiency
subject: LSMS
subject: Organic Fertilizer
subject: Small Farm
subject: Panel Data

description: This article applies frontier production function analysis to small farms in Nicaragua during 1998-2005 (Battese and Coelli, 1988). The objective of this study is to estimate an average function that will provide a picture of the shape of the organic fertilizer technology of an average firm (in our case, agricultural production units). Furthermore I present a best-practice of organic fertilizer against which the efficiency of the firms within the primary sector can be measured (Coelli, T: 1995). The results show an average of technical efficiency acceptable which the makers of public policy in Nicaragua must considerer for the future. It is imperative if we consider an economy activity indexes that have increased during this period.
Journal og Annotata over den til Undersøgning paa Vardøehuus Fæstning allernaadigst anbefalede og hensendte Comission : bestaaende af D'Herrer Major Tønder og Capitain Klein som Com̄issarier, Hr. Lieutenant Randulff som Actor, og Pr.Lieut. Gude som Actuarius
Creators: name: Tønder, Henrich Andreas
name: Klein, Christian
name: Randulff, Niels
name: Gude, Nicolai Andreas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0

description: Vesentlig en reisedagbok 22/5-19/7 1754 for strekningen Trondhjem - Vardøhus, med angivelse av avstander.
description: S.[12-13]: Designation over Amtmændene i Findmarchen ...
Soil Erosion Control and Damage Costs in Nigerian Small Farms: Implications for Farm Growth and Sustainability
Creators: name: Okoye, Chukwuemeka U.
name: Okoye, Chukwuemeka U.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Soil erosion
subject: damage costs
subject: farm growth

description: In Nigeria 90% of the agricultural primary produce is in the hands of small holders cultivating between 0.8-4 hectares. Farm size expansion is limited by population pressure, land fragmentation, poor market opportunities and lack of finance. This article presents estimates of soil erosion control(SEC) and soil erosion damage costs (SEDC) in small farmers' fields in Nigeria and examines the contents and direction of the country’s agriculture and environment policies vis-à-vis the SEC among small farmers. It was found that 24% of the farmers’ spending on tillage/cultural practices was directed at the institution of SEC measures, and that SEC-related defensive expenditures was 3.7 times more than the estimated SEDCs. The capacity of small farmers to respond to soil degradation is severely limited. Most SEC measures deployed derive from non-tradable inputs blurred by incomplete/missing markets for environmental assets. Yet farm development and environmental policies in Nigeria have dwelt on supply-side interventions based on marketable inputs, and have been largely ineffective. Policy and institutional reforms are needed to increase and focus support to farmers to increase defensive expenditures for SEC.
Constraints and Casimirs for Superpoincare and Supertranslation Algebras in various dimensions
Creators: name: Zumino, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe, for arbitrary dimensions the construction of a covariant and supersymmetric constraint for the massless Super Poincare' algebra and we show that the constraint fixes uniquely the representation of the algebra. For the case of finite mass and in the absence of central charges we discuss a similar construction, which generalizes to arbitrary dimensions the concept of the superspin Casimir. Finally we discuss briefly the modifications introduced by central charges, both scalar and tensorial.
description: 9 pages, pdf, talk given at the Pran Nath Fest, Northeastern University, Boston, August 18-19, 2004
Additional file 1 of Use of resuscitation promoting factors to screen for tuberculosis infection in household-exposed children in The Gambia
Creators: name: W. Van Loon
name: M. P. Gomez
name: D. Jobe
name: K. L. M. C. Franken
name: T. H. M. Ottenhoff
name: M. Coninx
name: L. Kestens
name: J. S. Sutherland
name: B. Kampmann
name: L. D. Tientcheu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1 Supplementary Figure 1. TST induration size versus IGRA with EC-fusion protein. Supplementary Figure 2. TST induration size versus age. Supplementary Figure 3. IGRA with EC-fusion protein versus age. Supplementary Figure 4. IFN-γ response after ex vivo whole blood antigen stimulation using TST as reference standard for MTBC infection. Supplementary Figure 5. ROC-curve for background (i.e., unstimulated) IFN-y level for diagnosis of TB disease.
PHENIX measurements of low momentum direct photon radiation from large and small systems: direct photon scaling.
Creators: name: Khachatryan, Vladimir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: wpcf18
phenix
direct photon
rhic
small systems
thermal photon
scaling
rgamma
multiplicity
flow
au+au
cu+cu
p+p
p+au
d+au

description: Talk presented at the Workshop for Particle Correlations and Femtoscopy 2018 conference. PHENIX measurement of low momentum direct photons.
Book Review
Creators: name: Meszaros, Sandor
name: Meszaros, Sandor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: Book Review of: Brouwer, F., van Rheenen, T., Dhillion, S. S. and Elgersma, A. M. (eds.): Sustainable Land Management: Strategies to Cope with the Marginalisation of Agriculture
description: Book Review
Long time motion of NLS solitary waves in a confining potential
Creators: name: Jonsson, B. L. G.
name: Froehlich, J.
name: Gustafson, S.
name: Sigal, I. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q55; 37K40

description: We study the motion of solitary-wave solutions of a family of focusing generalized nonlinear Schroedinger equations with a confining, slowly varying external potential, $V(x)$. A Lyapunov-Schmidt decomposition of the solution combined with energy estimates allows us to control the motion of the solitary wave over a long, but finite, time interval. We show that the center of mass of the solitary wave follows a trajectory close to that of a Newtonian point particle in the external potential $V(x)$ over a long time interval.
description: 42 pages, 2 figures
Managing Price Risk in Volatile Grain Markets, Issues and Potential Solutions
Creators: name: McKenzie, Andrew M.
name: Kunda, Eugene L.
name: McKenzie, Andrew M.
name: Kunda, Eugene L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: elevator
subject: hedging
subject: margin
subject: swap

description: During 2008 extreme price volatility in grain markets led to country elevators incurring unprecedentedly large margin calls on their futures hedges. As a result elevators’ traditional liquidity sources and lines of credit were stretched to breaking point. This article explores the potential liquidity benefits of making available an Over-the-Counter Margin Credit Swap contract to grain hedgers. The swap would enable hedgers to draw upon sources of capital outside the farm credit system to provide liquidity needed to make margin calls. Simulation results clearly show that a Margin Credit Swap contract would provide significant liquidity benefits to hedgers during volatile periods.
Small Scale Manufacturing Growth in Africa: Initial Evidence
Creators: name: Liedholm, Carl
name: Parker, Joan Chamberlin
name: Liedholm, Carl
name: Parker, Joan Chamberlin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: small scale manufacturing

description: This paper examines the dynamics of small-scale manufacturing enterprises in developing countries, with emphasis on evidence from Africa. The creation, evolution, and disappearance of firms and how these patterns vary by country, stage of development, industrial sector, and policy environment are topics that fall within the purview of firm dynamics.
Food Security Policy and the Competitiveness of Agriculture in the Sahel: A Summary of the "Beyond Mindelo" Seminar
Creators: name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Minot, Nicholas
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Minot, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: food security
subject: food policy

description: This report summarizes the results of the USAID-sponsored Beyond Mindelo conference on food security policy and the competitiveness of agriculture in the Sahel.
Contract Farming and Its Effect on Small Farmers in Less Developed Countries
Creators: name: Minot, Nicholas
name: Minot, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: small-farm agriculture

description: It is generally recognized that small-farm agriculture plays a central role in economic development, both in supplying a significant portion of the domestic food crop supplies and in generating income for low-income families. For crops such as rubber, tea, coffee, and many fruits and vegetables, large amounts of labor are required for land preparation, planting, weeding, harvesting, etc.
Rapid Reconnaissance Guidelines for Agricultural Marketing and Food System Research in Developing Countries
Creators: name: Holtzman, John S.
name: Holtzman, John S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: rapid reconnaissance

description: This paper develops rapid reconnaissance guidelines for conducting research on agricultural marketing components of food systems. A rapid reconnaissance survey is a broad and preliminary overview of the organization, operation and performance of a food system or components therefore, designed to identify system constraints and opportunities. It can be used as a tool for identifying system dynamics, linkages and overall problems, which can then be examined more intensely during follow-up programs of research.
Fundamentals of Price Analysis in Developing Countries' Food Systems: A Training Manual to Accompany the Microcomputer Software Program 'MSTAT'
Creators: name: Goetz, Stephan J.
name: Weber, Michael T.
name: Goetz, Stephan J.
name: Weber, Michael T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: MSTAT

description: In market-oriented economies, agricultural markets and marketing functions become increasingly important as the food system evolves. This paper focuses on how selected dimensions of markets and marketing functions can be studied and evaluated in Third World settings. The specific purpose of this paper is to review fundamental price and related market analysis techniques which are and can be used in developing country food system applications. In so doing the objective is also to focus on identifying food system problems, techniques for improved interpretation of price analysis results and means of dealing with the all too common problem of data limitations. A second purpose of this paper is to serve as a "Training Manual" to accompany "MSTAT."
Evaluation of Swin Transformer and knowledge transfer for denoising of super-resolution structured illumination microscopy data
Creators: name: Zafran Shah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This DOI contains all the trained models used in the article, "Evaluation of knowledge transfer for the denoising of super-resolution structured illumination microscopy data ".  The 'Models' folder contains two subfolders 'Models_Trained_on_Dataset_2' and 'Models_Trained_on_Dataset_4'. The naming convention of these subfolders is self-explanatory and each subfolder further contains 4 trained models.
Rural Small Scale Enterprises in Zambia: Results of a 1985 Country-Wide Survey
Creators: name: Milimo, John T.
name: Fisseha, Yacob
name: Milimo, John T.
name: Fisseha, Yacob
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: small scale enterprises

description: This paper reports on the results of a nationwide survey of small scale enterprises in Zambia conducted during 1985. The survey was undertaken in the rural and semi-urban (population below 50,000) localities of the country except for those in the Copperbelt and Lusaka provinces. All small scale non-farm enterprises employing 50 people or less and operating from a fixed location in these areas were included.
Enhancing quality of service for video streaming over IP networks
Creators: name: Bai, Yan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Streaming video over IP networks has become increasingly popular; however, compared to traditional data traffic, video streaming places different demands on Quality of Service (QoS) in a network, particularly in terms of delay, delay variation, and data loss. In response to the QoS demands of video applications, network techniques have been proposed to provide QoS within a network. Unfortunately, while efficient from a network perspective, most existing solutions have not provided end-to-end QoS that is satisfactory to users. This dissertation studies in-network QoS control, with the goal of delivering excellent user-perceived QoS for video over IP networks. To this end, the study addresses two critical questions: how should perceived QoS be quantified, and which aspects should be considered when developing in-network control to enhance the perceived QoS? An Active QoS control framework that uses active networking technology was developed. This framework consists of a QoS description model, a set of nodal-based QoS control techniques, and a set of QoS distribution strategies. The QoS description model quantifies the perceived QoS. The QoS description for an application reflects the quality perceived by application users and can be directly converted to network-controllable parameters. On the other hand, the QoS description for a network is based on users' satisfaction with the performance of an application. This model provides efficient support for achieving perceived QoS: the application quality perceived by end users can be explicitly managed from within the network. The nodal-based QoS control is composed of buffer management and packet scheduling schemes. Both schemes take into account the relationship between video-specific characteristics, required network resources, and the resulting video quality. Buffer management and packet scheduling increase the quality of each video, provide an equitable share of service between competing videos, and improve the network efficiency locally at each node. A set of QoS distribution strategies is used for inter-node adaptation. These dynamically adjust local loss constraints in response to network conditions in order to keep up an end-to-end loss requirement. Using QoS distribution and packet scheduling together increases the probability of meeting end-to-end QoS. Simulation results demonstrate the advantages of the buffer management and packet scheduling schemes.
Tantangan Pembangunan Infrastruktur Sumber Daya Air Berkelanjutan Menghadapi Perubahan Iklim Ikhwal Urban Metropolitan Jakarta
Creators: name: Plamonia, Nicco
name: Sabar, Arwin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 90509 Water Resources Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Sumber daya air adalah sumber daya alam yang dapat diperbarui melalui siklus hidrologi, yangdipengaruhi oleh perubahan iklim dan konversi lahan, membentuk rezim hidrologi tercatat di datahistorikal Hidrologi dimana komponennya berkarakter acak dan stokastik, sedangkan pembuangan airdari daratan laut tergantung pasut, merupakan fenomena deterministik. Iklim menpengaruhikeberlanjutan sumber air (water sustainability ) keacakan karakter komponen utama Hidrologi(P,Q) ,m para ahli manajemen air merespon pengendalian air dalam dua langkah utama, yaitu langkahpertama adaptasi dan langkah kedua mitigasi. Adaptasi berkaitan dengan keacakan hujan & debit air ,sehingga para ahli manajemen air mengembangkan konsep debit rencana banjir/kekeringan dalampembangunan infrastruktur sumber daya air (drainase, infrastruktur air minum dan pengelolaan wadukmultiguna) dan obyektif pembangunan infrastruktur SDA agar berkelanjutan dalam ruang dan waktu.Sedangkan mitigasi adalah upaya mempertahan keberlanjutan sumber air di daerah aliran sungai,bentuk konkrit upaya pengendalian air Mitigasi secara indirect yakni menerbitkan peraturan/UUpengendalian limpasan/pencemaran air dan secara direct yakni berupa insentif & disinsentif(pinalti &denda). Dari analisa time series hujan (P), debit air (Q) di zona iklim tipe monsoon, dan muka air lautdi teluk Jakarta, ditemukan hujan semakin ekstrim,terjadi kenaikan muka air laut diperburukeksploitasi air tanah & konversi lahan urbanized Land Cover di hulu ( real estate ) dan hilir sungai(reklamasi ), sehingga infrastruktur sumber daya air semakin terancam fungsi utilitasnya, dampaknyasemakin meluasnya genangan banjir dipesisir dan lebih lama. Fenomena terjadi degradasiinfrastruktur sumber daya air terutama ditemukan di urban Metropolitan : Jakarta , Bandung danSemarang. Mengatasi pengaruh perubahan iklim terhadap degradasi infrastruktur sumber daya airdengan pendekatan “ Drainase Eco Friendly” , penghentian eksploitasi air tanah & subsitusi denganair permukaan . Dstnya semakin pentingnya pelaksanaan pengendalian air secara mitigasi (indirectdan direct) dalam rangka terselenggaranya keberkelanjutan infrastruktur sumber daya air dan jugaperlu dilaksanakan pengendalian air terpadu, baik secara kuratif maupun preventif.
The Effect of Policy and Policy Reforms on Non-Agricultural Enterprises and Employment in Developing Countries: A Review of Past Experiences
Creators: name: Haggblade, Steven
name: Liedholm, Carl
name: Mead, Donald C.
name: Haggblade, Steven
name: Liedholm, Carl
name: Mead, Donald C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: International Development
subject: food security
subject: food policy

description: This paper explores two sets of issues. The first concerns the magnitude of policy induced distortions in developing countries and the impact of these distortions on the economy, paying special attention to differential impacts between firms of different sizes and resulting effects on the level of employment. The second concerns the prior experience of donors and the LDC governments with the process of policy change.
A COMPREHENSIVE MODEL TO CHECK THE ADOPTION OF ONLINE SHOPPING IN PAKISTAN
Creators: name: Aqsa Chanda
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 150301 Business Information Management (incl. Records, Knowledge and Information Management, and Intelligence)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The purpose of this study is to check the adoption of online shopping in Pakistan. Many research papers explain the effect of different variables on online shopping intention. But there is no explanation in any paper the effect of these variables on online shopping intention i.e. attitude on both perceived ease of use ( PEOU) , perceived usefulness (PUF) and then such both (PEOU, PUF) on trust and finally the effect trust on privacy and responsiveness. We collected the 150 useable questioners in the city of Bahawalpur (Pakistan). We analyze such data in SPSS and find result. This research paper revealed that attitude effect on online shopping intention, PEOU and PUF effect on attitude, trust is effected on such both (PEOU, PUF) and finally privacy, responsiveness both effect on trust. This study will help to increase the trend of online shopping if we focus on such factors i.e. privacy, responsiveness, trust, PEOU, PUF and attitude.
Excited-State Trions in Two Dimensional Materials
Creators: name: Jan, Jun
name: Varga, Kalman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the complex scaling and the stabilization method combined with the stochastic variational approach, we have shown that there are narrow resonance states in two-dimensional three particle systems of electrons and holes interacting via screened Coulomb interaction. These resonances are loosely bound systems of excited state excitons with a third particle circling around them. Recent experimental studies of excited state trions might be explained and identified by these resonant states.
Subsector Analysis: Its Nature, Conduct and Potential Distribution to Small Enterprise Development
Creators: name: Boomgard, James J.
name: Davies, Stephen P.
name: Haggblade, Steven
name: Mead, Donald C.
name: Boomgard, James J.
name: Davies, Stephen P.
name: Haggblade, Steven
name: Mead, Donald C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: International Development
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: small enterprise

description: This paper is concerned with the conduct of meaningful policy and project relevant research on small enterprise development. It responds to a growing demand for operationally useful small enterprise research, a demand which has surged over the past ten years in the wake of increasing concern with equity issues coupled with recent evidence on small enterprise efficiency.
Chymisk-Oeconomisk Afhandling om Øl og Ølbrygning : [Forarbeider, ekserpter og korrespondanse. Sistnevnte inneholder Hammers pro memoriaer til bl.a. "Hr. [David?] Chrysti[e] på Moss" om bearbeidelse av malt, anonyme besvarelser, og et brev, usignert (avskrift?) og dat. København 25/7 1767, vedlagt PM fra "en god Ven" med henvisning til "Hr. Sverdrup"
Creators: name: Hammer, Christopher
name: Chrystie, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0

description: 1 b. (11 dok.).
Small Scale Enterprise Credit Schemes: Administrative Costs and the Role of Inventory Norms
Creators: name: Liedholm, Carl
name: Liedholm, Carl
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: credit schemes

description: In this paper, the actual administrative costs of existing small enterprise lending schemes are examined first, followed by an examination of the characteristics of low cost lending schemes. A final section develops, using primary data collected in various Michigan State University studies, small enterprise inventory norms or guidelines that could assist those making loans to small scale enterprises in developing countries.
[Åbotsforretning (1730-09-11) på Gran prestegård] / [Hadeland, Land og Valdres sorenskriveri ved] Niels Wisløff
Creators: name: Gran Prestegård
name: Wisløff, Niels
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0

description: Inneholder s. 9 bemerkninger om Steinhuset, som i en felles innholdsfortegnelse til lit. a-d suppleres av Chr. Hammer ca 1782: " ... hvor til var en stor Saal, med Vindel-Trappe af Furu-Biælker, [tilføyd ca 1795:] som er borttaget af Consistorial-Raad Parelius, men Privetet udi Gilde-Salen udi Muren tet ved Stenhuuse[t]s Søndre Side og alle Camin Rørene i Mæsse salen og øl Kiælderen er giænmuurede af Prousten Krog".
ANÁLISE TERRITORIAL E REPRESENTATIVA DAS AGROINDÚSTRIAS FAMILIARES DE CACHAÇA NAS MISSÕES/RS
Creators: name: Wesz Junior, Valdemar Joao
name: Trentin, Iran Carlos Lovis
name: Wesz Junior, Valdemar Joao
name: Trentin, Iran Carlos Lovis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: agroindustrial family
subject: rural development
subject: workmanship production of “cachaça”.

description: In a globalization scenario, agricultural families saw themselves compelled to searching new income sources which did not depend only on the primary section. Therefore, value aggregation within their domiciles got space, once they consist in profitable activities, decentralized and at low cost investment; being able to cover all the family labor together with external workforce in productive periods. This article aims to study the representation and the importance of the “cachaça” family agroindustry in territorial perspective, besides analyzing whether those enterprises are practicable in the agricultural families reality and in what ways they would contribute for the rural territorial development. It will show the potential for the small rural enterprises in offering quality products, respecting the environment, generating and distributing income in the most different realities and territories.
DETERMINAÇÃO DA TARIFA DE REUSO DE ÁGUA NO DISTRITO INDUSTRIAL DE FORTALEZA SOB A ÓTICA DO CUSTO MARGINAL DE LONGO PRAZO E DO MÉTODO DE AVALIAÇÃO CONTINGENTE
Creators: name: Fontenele, Raimundo Eduardo Silveira
name: Fontenele, Raimundo Eduardo Silveira
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: water reuse
subject: tariff
subject: long term marginal cost
subject: evaluation.

description: In the last years sanitation companies have restrained their investments, not just due to the fact that the necessary resources of the sector exceed by far the classic possibilities of the national budgets financing, but also due to the fact that the traditional solution of external financings have their restrictions. It is also observed that the charges of tariffs, not considering the cost of the services done, have caused imbalances which also represent subsidized allocation of resources, mainly to private sector. From the application of two distinct methodologies - the long-term marginal cost and the contingent valuation method, this article has aimed to present tariff values to be charged from users of the Water Reuse of the Industrial District of Fortaleza Project. The amounts found have been established for all alternative systems of water reuse. The alternatives 1 and 3 were the only ones which obtained a cost per m3 next to the values in use in other transport system, as well as of the disposition values to pay. This confirms that the results come to answers the interests of the users for the project, once the charged tariff ranges within the limits of accomplishment of the their industrial costs.
Differentiating the absolutely continuous invariant measure of an interval map f with respect to f
Creators: name: Ruelle, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let the map $f:[-1,1]\to[-1,1]$ have a.c.i.m. $ρ$ (absolutely continuous $f$-invariant measure with respect to Lebesgue). Let $δρ$ be the change of $ρ$ corresponding to a perturbation $X=δf\circ f^{-1}$ of $f$. Formally we have, for differentiable $A$, $$ δρ(A)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\intρ(dx) X(x){d\over dx}A(f^nx) $$ but this expression does not converge in general. For $f$ real-analytic and Markovian in the sense of covering $(-1,1)$ $m$ times, and assuming an {\it analytic expanding} condition, we show that $$λ\mapstoΨ(λ)=\sum_{n=0}^\inftyλ^n \intρ(dx) X(x){d\over dx}A(f^nx) $$ is meromorphic in ${\bf C}$, and has no pole at $λ=1$. We can thus formally write $δρ(A)=Ψ(1)$.
description: 10 pages, plain TeX
Heat exchange and fluctuation in Gaussian thermal states in the quantum realm
Creators: name: Devi, A R Usha
name: Sudha
name: Rajagopal, A. K.
name: Jayannavar, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The celebrated exchange fluctuation theorem -- proposed by Jarzynski and Wózcik, (Phys Rev. Lett. 92, 230602 (2004)) for heat exchange between two systems in thermal equilibrium at different temperatures -- is explored here for quantum Gaussian states in thermal equilibrium. We employ Wigner distribution function formalism for quantum states, which exhibits close resemblance with the classcial phase-space trajectory description, to arrive at this theorem. For two Gaussian states in thermal equilibrium at two different temperatures kept in contact with each other for a fixed duration of time we show that the quantum Jarzyinski-Wózcik theorem agrees with the corresponding classical result in the limit \hbar->0.
description: 17 pages, no figures; error in equation (51) of version 3 corrected; referenced updated
Chirality Production with Mass Effects-Schwinger Pair Production and the Axial Ward Identity
Creators: name: Copinger, Patrick
name: Pu, Shi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anomalous generation of chirality with mass effects via the axial Ward identity and its dependence on the Schwinger mechanism is reviewed, utilizing parity violating homogeneous electromagnetic background fields. The role vacuum asymptotic states play on the interpretation of expectation values is examined. It is discussed that observables calculated with an in-out scattering matrix element predict a scenario under Euclidean equilibrium. A notable ramification of which is a vanishing of the chiral anomaly. In contrast, it is discussed observables calculated under an in-in, or real-time, formalism predict a scenario out-of equilibrium, and capture effects of mean produced particle anti-particle pairs due to the Schwinger mechanism. The out-of equilibrium chiral anomaly is supplemented with exponential quadratic mass suppression as anticipated for the Schwinger mechanism. Similar behavior in and out-of equilibrium is reviewed for applications including the chiral magnetic effect and chiral condensate.
description: 37 pages, 9 figures. Review article to be submitted for consideration to IJMPA
A Mid-Infrared Study of the Class 0 Cluster in LDN 1448
Creators: name: O'Linger, J. C.
name: Cole, D. M.
name: Ressler, M. E.
name: Wolf-Chase, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present ground-based mid-infrared observations of Class 0 protostars in LDN 1448. Of the five known protostars in this cloud, we detected two, L1448N:A and L1448C, at 12.5, 17.9, 20.8, and 24.5 microns, and a third, L1448 IRS 2, at 24.5 microns. We present high-resolution images of the detected sources, and photometry or upper limits for all five Class 0 sources in this cloud. With these data, we are able to augment existing spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for all five objects and place them on an evolutionary status diagram.
description: Accepted by the Astronomical Journal; 26 pages, 9 figures
Invertible Networks or Partons to Detector and Back Again
Creators: name: Bellagente, Marco
name: Butter, Anja
name: Kasieczka, Gregor
name: Plehn, Tilman
name: Rousselot, Armand
name: Winterhalder, Ramon
name: Ardizzone, Lynton
name: Köthe, Ullrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For simulations where the forward and the inverse directions have a physics meaning, invertible neural networks are especially useful. A conditional INN can invert a detector simulation in terms of high-level observables, specifically for ZW production at the LHC. It allows for a per-event statistical interpretation. Next, we allow for a variable number of QCD jets. We unfold detector effects and QCD radiation to a pre-defined hard process, again with a per-event probabilistic interpretation over parton-level phase space.
description: 25 pages, 10 figures
EFICIÊNCIA DA PRODUÇÃO FAMILIAR DE LEITE EM PROJETOS DE ASSENTAMENTO DE REFORMA AGRÁRIA: ESTUDO MULTICASO
Creators: name: Pinheiro, Mauro Estenio Facanha
name: Altafin, Iara Guimaraes
name: Pinheiro, Mauro Estenio Facanha
name: Altafin, Iara Guimaraes
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: data envelopment analysis
subject: efficiency
subject: family dairy production.

description: The milk market changes in Brazil, occured in the last few decades, have challenged the milk producers, especially the smaller ones in relation to milk quality improvement, the reduction of production costs, the adoption of modern practical management technologies and efficiency and productivity gain. The economic sustainability of the producers depends, in great measure, on their success in responding positively to these challenges. This work has aimed to evaluate the technical and economical efficiency of the family dairy production in settlement projects of agrarian reform in the city of Unaí-MG. Information on the production of sixteen producers were collected during an eleven-month period. For evaluating the efficiency, it was used Data Envelopment Analisys (DEA), which is based in the linear programming to identify the producers that are more efficient in the use of the inputs. The calculations were carried through with software SIAD 2.0. Only four producers with maximum efficiency were identified. The efficiency of the inefficient producers was of 77%. It means that this group could reduce its inputs in 23% on average, without compromising the production. Generality, the benchmarks producers present better results in the index for costs of production, daily production, land productivity, efficiency in the use of concentrated for feeding the flock and in the gross margin by area. The simulations made indicate an efficiency gain of 28,04%, when the adjusts showed by the model were made.
MÉTODOS DE CUSTEIO POR ABSORÇÃO E VARIÁVEL NA OVINOCULTURA DE CORTE: ESTUDO DE CASO EM UMA CABANHA
Creators: name: Eyerkaufer, Marino Luiz
name: Costa, Adilson
name: Faria, Ana Cristina De
name: Eyerkaufer, Marino Luiz
name: Costa, Adilson
name: Faria, Ana Cristina De
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: absorption costing
subject: variable costing
subject: ovine.

description: The importance of the rural accounting in cost verification for agribusiness activities is highlighted in this study of which general aim is to identify and measure the production costs of ovine, by means of the absorption costing and variable costing methods, aiming to demonstrate the values of the stocks and the economic results of a farm in Itapiranga (SC). Besides the bibliographic research accomplished, it was developed a case study based on “Estância Seu Chico” farm in Itapiranga (SC), in which emphasized the physical-operations activities which influence the costs of ovine. It was found that, although the economic result were the same in the year, by both methods: absorption and variable costing, the monthly segregation of the costs in variable and fixed values, proposed by the variable costing method, is economically more interesting for the managers at their short term decisions.
Spatial Pattern of Acute Gastroenteritis and Isolation of Enterobacteria from Domestic Water in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
Creators: name: Oluwafemi Daramola
name: N Torimiro
name: O.R. Ogunbodede
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80606 Global Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) contributes significantly to the burden of illness from infectiousdiseases worldwide especially in developing countries. This study aims to determine the spatial pattern ofAGE and isolate Enterobacteria from domestic water in Ile-Ife, a peri-urban community. The medicalrecords of AGE cases between 2008-2012 with due ethical approval from a tertiary hospital in Ile-Ife werereviewed. Using a global positioning system (GPS), the coordinates of the residential addresses retrievedfrom the records were determined. One hundred residential houses were randomly selected, data onsources of water supply and sewage disposal systems were obtained. The microbial count andidentification of the bacterial isolates cultured from the water samples collected were done. A total of 373AGE cases were recorded in 21 administrative units (wards) within the study period. The occurrence ofAGE was observed to increase as the year progresses and 6 (28.6%) of the AGE burden hotspots wereidentified. All the water samples analysed contained bacterial coliforms above the permissible level. Twohundred and one bacterial isolates were identified with the frequency of the isolates as follows: Shigellaspp (19.9%), Serratia spp (13.4%), Aeromonas spp (10.5%), E. coli, Salmonella spp, Klebsiella spp (10%),and other Enterobacteria (26.2%). The spatial pattern and AGE burden hotspots identified could assist inthe early detection of AGE outbreaks and intervention. This study shows the wide distribution of entericbacteria in the water sources and suggests water treatment at the point of use to forestall AGE outbreaks inthe community.
Farm Household Income and On-and-Off Farm Diversification
Creators: name: McNamara, Kevin T.
name: Weiss, Christoph R.
name: McNamara, Kevin T.
name: Weiss, Christoph R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: enterprise diversification
subject: farm income risk
subject: off-farm income

description: The paper analyzes the relationship between off-farm labor allocation and on-farm enterprise diversification as farm household income stabilization strategies with census data from the federal state of Upper Austria, Austria. The results suggest that both on-farm diversification and off-farm labor allocation are related to farm and household characteristics. Larger farm households tend to allocate more labor to off-farm income activities.
Hystersis like behaviour in Thin Films with heating-cooling cycle
Creators: name: Arun, P.
name: Vedeshwar, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The expression of temperature distribution along a film thickness is derived and distribution of temperature in the film as the substrate is heated is shown. The variation of film resistance with different substrate temperature is calculated and the existence of temperature gradient along the film thickness with finite thermal conductivity leads to hysteresis like behaviour on heating-cooling the film.
description: 15 pages and 8 figures
Assessing Consumer Preferences for Country-of-Origin Labeling
Creators: name: Loureiro, Maria L.
name: Umberger, Wendy J.
name: Loureiro, Maria L.
name: Umberger, Wendy J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: beef
subject: consumer preferences
subject: country-of-origin labeling
subject: dichotomous choice
subject: willingness to pay

description: In this paper, we assess consumer willingness to pay for a mandatory country-of-origin labeling (COOL) program applied to beef ribeye steaks, chicken breasts, and pork chops, all labeled as “Certified U.S.” products. A consumer survey was mailed in spring and early summer 2003 to households in the continental United States. Results indicate that consumers are in general very concerned about food safety issues, viewing U.S. meats as the safest among the selection of countries considered. Nevertheless, consumer willingness to pay for Certified U.S. products is relatively small, although above the expected implementation costs associated with a mandatory labeling program. This finding coincides with the fact that only 36% of the sample favored consumers paying directly for the costs related to a mandatory COOL program.
Can Multiyear Rollover Hedging Increase Mean Returns?
Creators: name: Yoon, Byung-Sam
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Yoon, Byung-Sam
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: market efficiency
subject: mean reversion
subject: random walk
subject: rollover hedging

description: Both market advisors and researchers have often suggested multiyear rollover hedging as a way to increase producer returns. This study determines whether rollover hedging can increase expected returns for producers. For rollover hedging to increase expected returns, futures prices must follow a mean-reverting process. To test for the existence of mean reversion in agricultural commodity prices, this study uses a longer set of price data and a wider range of test procedures than past research. With the use of both the return predictability test from long-horizon regression and the variance ratio test, we find that mean reversion does not exist in futures prices for corn, wheat, soybean, soybean oil, and soybean meal. The findings are consistent with the weak form of market efficiency. Simulated trading results for 3-year rollover hedges provide additional evidence that the expected returns to the rollover hedging strategies are not statistically different from the expected returns to routine annual hedges and cash sale at harvest.
Quasi-geometric integration of guiding-center orbits in piecewise linear toroidal fields
Creators: name: Eder, M.
name: Albert, C. G.
name: Bauer, L. M. P.
name: Kasilov, S. V.
name: Kernbichler, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A numerical integration method for guiding-center orbits of charged particles in toroidal fusion devices with three-dimensional field geometry is described. Here, high order interpolation of electromagnetic fields in space is replaced by a special linear interpolation, leading to locally linear Hamiltonian equations of motion with piecewise constant coefficients. This approach reduces computational effort and noise sensitivity while the conservation of total energy, magnetic moment and phase space volume is retained. The underlying formulation treats motion in piecewise linear fields exactly and thus preserves the non-canonical symplectic form. The algorithm itself is only quasi-geometric due to a series expansion in the orbit parameter. For practical purposes an expansion to the fourth order retains geometric properties down to computer accuracy in typical examples. When applied to collisionless guiding-center orbits in an axisymmetric tokamak and a realistic three-dimensional stellarator configuration, the method demonstrates stable long-term orbit dynamics conserving invariants. In Monte Carlo evaluation of transport coefficients, the computational efficiency of quasi-geometric integration is an order of magnitude higher than with a standard fourth order Runge-Kutta integrator.
description: 38 pages, 11 figures
pAElla: Edge-AI based Real-Time Malware Detection in Data Centers
Creators: name: Libri, Antonio
name: Bartolini, Andrea
name: Benini, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The increasing use of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices for monitoring a wide spectrum of applications, along with the challenges of "big data" streaming support they often require for data analysis, is nowadays pushing for an increased attention to the emerging edge computing paradigm. In particular, smart approaches to manage and analyze data directly on the network edge, are more and more investigated, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) powered edge computing is envisaged to be a promising direction. In this paper, we focus on Data Centers (DCs) and Supercomputers (SCs), where a new generation of high-resolution monitoring systems is being deployed, opening new opportunities for analysis like anomaly detection and security, but introducing new challenges for handling the vast amount of data it produces. In detail, we report on a novel lightweight and scalable approach to increase the security of DCs/SCs, that involves AI-powered edge computing on high-resolution power consumption. The method -- called pAElla -- targets real-time Malware Detection (MD), it runs on an out-of-band IoT-based monitoring system for DCs/SCs, and involves Power Spectral Density of power measurements, along with AutoEncoders. Results are promising, with an F1-score close to 1, and a False Alarm and Malware Miss rate close to 0%. We compare our method with State-of-the-Art MD techniques and show that, in the context of DCs/SCs, pAElla can cover a wider range of malware, significantly outperforming SoA approaches in terms of accuracy. Moreover, we propose a methodology for online training suitable for DCs/SCs in production, and release open dataset and code.