cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spectral CT in patients with acute thoracoabdominal bleeding–a safe technique to improve diagnostic confidence and reduce dose?
Creators: name: Kahn, Johannes
name: Fehrenbach, Uli
name: Böning, Georg
name: Feldhaus, Felix
name: Maurer, Martin
name: Renz, Diane
name: Streitparth, Florian
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: acute bleeding
subject: dose reduction
subject: multi-energy CT
subject: practical implications
subject: virtual native imaging
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Computed tomography (CT) protocols for the detection of bleeding sources often include unenhanced CT series to distinguish contrast agent extravasation from calcification. This study evaluates whether virtual non-contrast images (VNC) can safely replace real non-contrast images (RNC) in the search for acute thoracoabdominal bleeding and whether monoenergetic imaging can improve the detection of the bleeding source. The 32 patients with active bleeding in spectral CT angiography (SCT) were retrospectively analyzed. RNC and SCT series were acquired including VNC and monoenergetic images at 40, 70, and 140 keV. CT numbers were measured in regions of interest (ROIs) in different organs and in the bleeding jet for quantitative image analysis (contrast-to-noise ratios [CNR] and signal-to-noise ratio [SNR]). Additionally, 2 radiologists rated detectability of the bleeding source in the different CT series. Wilcoxon rank test for related samples was used. VNC series suppressed iodine sufficiently but not completely (CT number of aorta: RNC: 33.3±12.3, VNC: 44.8±9.5, P=.01; bleeding jet: RNC: 43.1±16.9, VNC: 56.3±16.7, P=.02). VNC showed significantly higher signal-to-noise ratios than RNC for all regions investigated. Contrast-to-noise ratios in the bleeding jet were significantly higher in 40 keV images than in standard 140 keV images. The 40 keV images were also assigned the best subjective ratings for bleeding source detection. VNC can safely replace RNC in a CT protocol used to search for bleeding sources, thereby reducing radiation exposure by 30%. Low-keV series may enhance diagnostic confidence in the detection of bleeding sources.
Food policy and poverty in Indonesia: a general equilibrium analysis
Creators: name: Warr, Peter G.
name: Warr, Peter G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: general equilibrium
subject: rice imports
subject: trade policy
subject: Indonesia

description: Rice is Indonesia’s staple food and accounts for large shares of both consumers’ budgets and total employment. Until recently, Indonesia was the world’s largest importer, but rice import policy is now highly protectionist. Since early 2004, rice imports have been officially banned. Advocates of this policy say it reduces poverty by assisting poor farmers. Opponents say it increases poverty, stressing negative effects on poor consumers. This paper uses a general equilibrium model of the Indonesian economy to analyse the effects of a ban on rice imports. The analysis recognises 1000 individual households, including allmajor socioeconomic categories, disaggregated by expenditures per person. It takes account of effects on each household’s real expenditure and its income, operating through wages and returns to land and capital. The results indicate that the rice import ban raises the domestic price of rice relative to the import price by an amount equivalent to a 125 per cent tariff, six times the pre-2004 tariff. Poverty incidence rises by a little under 1 per cent of the population and increases in both rural and urban areas. Among farmers, only the richest gain. These results are qualitatively robust to variations in key parametric assumptions.
MOESM2 of Retzius-sparing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: functional and early oncologic results in aggressive and locally advanced prostate cancer
Creators: name: Nyarangi-Dix, Joanne
name: Görtz, Magdalena
name: Gradinarov, Georgi
name: Hofer, Luisa
name: Schütz, Viktoria
name: Gasch, Claudia
name: Radtke, Jan
name: Hohenfellner, Markus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2. Sexual function recovery.
Cognitive Impairment in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders: A Review of Clinical and Neuroradiological Features
Creators: name: Oertel, Frederike Cosima
name: Schließeit, Jana
name: Brandt, Alexander U.
name: Paul, Friedemann
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
subject: cognition
subject: neuroinflammation
subject: advanced imaging
subject: MRI
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are mostly relapsing autoimmune inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) with optic neuritis, myelitis, and brainstem syndromes as clinical hallmarks. With a reported prevalence of up to 70%, cognitive impairment is frequent, but often unrecognized and an insufficiently treated burden of the disease. The most common cognitive dysfunctions are decline in attention andmemory performance.Magnetic resonance imaging can be used to access structural correlates of neuropsychological disorders. Cognitive impairment is not only a highly underestimated symptom in patients with NMOSD, but potentially also a clinical correlate of attack-independent changes in NMOSD, which are currently under debate. This article reviews cognitive impairment in NMOSD and discusses associations between structural changes of the CNS and cognitive deficits.
Experimental observation of spatial antibunching of photons
Creators: name: Nogueira, W. A. T.
name: Walborn, S. P.
name: Padua, S.
name: Monken, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an interference experiment that shows transverse spatial antibunching of photons. Using collinear parametric down-conversion in a Young-type fourth-order interference setup we show interference patterns that violate the classical Schwarz inequality and should not exist at all in a classical description.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures
Focal-plane wavefront sensing with the vector Apodizing Phase Plate
Creators: name: Bos, Steven P.
name: Doelman, David S.
name: Lozi, Julien
name: Guyon, Olivier
name: Keller, Christoph U.
name: Miller, Kelsey L.
name: Jovanovic, Nemanja
name: Martinache, Frantz
name: Snik, Frans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we show that the vector-Apodizing Phase Plate (vAPP) coronagraph can be designed such that the coronagraphic point spread functions (PSFs) can act as a wavefront sensor to measure and correct the (quasi-)static aberrations, without dedicated wavefront sensing holograms nor modulation by the deformable mirror. The absolute wavefront retrieval is performed with a non-linear algorithm. The focal-plane wavefront sensing (FPWFS) performance of the vAPP and the algorithm are evaluated with numerical simulations, to test various photon and read noise levels, the sensitivity to the 100 lowest Zernike modes and the maximum wavefront error (WFE) that can be accurately estimated in one iteration. We apply these methods to the vAPP within SCExAO, first with the internal source and subsequently on-sky. In idealised simulations we show that for $10^7$ photons the root-mean-square (RMS) WFE can be reduced to $\simλ/1000$, which is 1 nm RMS in the context of the SCExAO system. We find that the maximum WFE that can be corrected in one iteration is $\simλ/8$ RMS or $\sim$200 nm RMS (SCExAO). Furthermore, we demonstrate the SCExAO vAPP capabilities by measuring and controlling the lowest 30 Zernike modes with the internal source and on-sky. On-sky, we report a raw contrast improvement of a factor $\sim$2 between 2 and 4 $λ/D$ after 5 iterations of closed-loop correction. When artificially introducing 150 nm RMS WFE, the algorithm corrects it within 5 iterations of closed-loop operation. FPWFS with the vAPP's coronagraphic PSFs is a powerful technique since it integrates coronagraphy and wavefront sensing, eliminating the need for additional probes and thus resulting in a $100\%$ science duty cycle and maximum throughput for the target.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy&Astrophysics. 19 pages, 15 figures
Competing local and global interactions in social dynamics: how important is the friendship network?
Creators: name: Jędrzejewski, Arkadiusz
name: Nowak, Bartłomiej
name: Abramiuk, Angelika
name: Sznajd-Weron, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motivated by the empirical study that identifies a correlation between particular social responses and different interaction ranges, we study the $q$-voter model with various combinations of local and global sources of conformity and anticonformity. The models are investigated by means of the pair approximation and Monte Carlo simulations on Watts-Strogatz and Barabási-Albert networks. We show that within the model with local conformity and global anticonformity, the agreement in the system is the most difficult to achieve, and the role of the network structure is the most significant. Interestingly, the model with swapped interaction ranges, namely with global conformity and local anticonformity, becomes almost insensitive to the changes in the network structure. The obtained results may have far reaching consequences for marketing strategies conducted via social media channels.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, the main text and supplemental materials merged into a single article - major changes in the text, added simulations on Barabasi-Albert networks, extended discussion on social polarization and its growth-promoting factors
Effect of a magnetic field on the spin- and charge-density wave order in La1.45Nd0.4Sr0.15CuO4
Creators: name: Wakimoto, S.
name: Birgeneau, R. J.
name: Fujimaki, Y.
name: Ichikawa, N.
name: Kasuga, T.
name: Kim, Y. J.
name: Kojima, K. M.
name: Lee, S. -H.
name: Niko, H.
name: Tranquada, J. M.
name: Uchida, S.
name: Zimmermann, M. v.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-density wave (SDW) and charge-density wave (CDW) order in superconducting La1.45Nd0.4Sr0.15CuO4 were studied under an applied magnetic field using neutron and X-ray diffraction techniques. In zero field, incommensurate (IC) SDW order appears below ~ 40 K, which is characterized by neutron diffraction peaks at (1/2 +/- 0.134, 1/2 +/- 0.134, 0). The intensity of these IC peaks increases rapidly below T_Nd ~ 8 K due to an ordering of the Nd^3+ spins. The application of a 1 T magnetic field parallel to the c-axis markedly diminishes the intensity below T_Nd, while only a slight decrease in intensity is observed at higher temperatures for fields up to 7 T. Our interpretation is that the c-axis field suppresses the parasitic Nd^3+ spin order at the incommensurate wave vector without disturbing the stripe order of Cu^2+ spins. Consistent with this picture, the CDW order, which appears below 60 K, shows no change for magnetic fields up to 4 T. These results stand in contrast to the significant field-induced enhancement of the SDW order observed in superconducting La2-xSrxCuO4 with x ~ 0.12 and stage-4 La2CuO4+y. The differences can be understood in terms of the relative volume fraction exhibiting stripe order in zero field, and the collective results are consistent with the idea that suppression of superconductivity by vortices nucleates local patches of stripe order.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
t-SS3: a text classifier with dynamic n-grams for early risk detection over text streams
Creators: name: Burdisso, Sergio G.
name: Errecalde, Marcelo
name: Montes-y-Gómez, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A recently introduced classifier, called SS3, has shown to be well suited to deal with early risk detection (ERD) problems on text streams. It obtained state-of-the-art performance on early depression and anorexia detection on Reddit in the CLEF's eRisk open tasks. SS3 was created to deal with ERD problems naturally since: it supports incremental training and classification over text streams, and it can visually explain its rationale. However, SS3 processes the input using a bag-of-word model lacking the ability to recognize important word sequences. This aspect could negatively affect the classification performance and also reduces the descriptiveness of visual explanations. In the standard document classification field, it is very common to use word n-grams to try to overcome some of these limitations. Unfortunately, when working with text streams, using n-grams is not trivial since the system must learn and recognize which n-grams are important "on the fly". This paper introduces t-SS3, an extension of SS3 that allows it to recognize useful patterns over text streams dynamically. We evaluated our model in the eRisk 2017 and 2018 tasks on early depression and anorexia detection. Experimental results suggest that t-SS3 is able to improve both current results and the richness of visual explanations.
description: Highlights: (*) A classifier that is able to dynamically learn and recognize important word n-grams. (*) A novel text classifier having the ability to visually explain its rationale. (*) Support for incremental learning and text classification over streams. (*) Efficient model for addressing early risk detection problems
LIVING SHORELINES REEF BALL DESIGN: SHELL COVER, RUGOSITY, AND TIDAL ELEVATION IMPACT FAUNAL RECRUITMENT IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, USA
Creators: name: Perog, Bryce
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: living shoreline
eco-engineering
reef ball
Ostrea lurida
Crassostrea gigas
rugosity

description: Estuaries have been armored with artificial habitat to protect coastal infrastructure from erosion, but armoring may have negative ecological impacts. Other shoreline protection strategies, such as eco-engineered seawalls and living shorelines, offer more natural, rugose substrata to native species while limiting coastal erosion. The Port of San Diego plans to build a living shoreline using concrete reef balls that recruit the native oyster, Ostrea lurida, but the Port wants to avoid recruitment of non-indigenous species (NIS), especially the non-indigenous oyster, Crassostrea gigas. I modified concrete tiles that acted as proxies for reef balls with added shell cover and rugosity to determine if there is a treatment that can achieve these goals. I deployed six treatment types embedded into 15 x 15 cm concrete tiles: two with surface shell (100% cover of crushed or large shell fragments), two without shell (smooth or rough concrete), and two reference treatments (50% shell cover and terracotta). Seven replicates per treatment were deployed at two sites in San Diego Bay and one site in Newport Bay, California, USA, at 0 and 0.6 m Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW) from May to September 2018. I used three-way ANOVAs, ANCOVAs, and PERMANOVAs to test for the effects of tile orientation, tidal elevation, shell cover, and rugosity on the recruitment of oysters and other fauna. O. lurida recruited in higher abundance and generally higher percent cover than C. gigas onto all treatments across all sites at 0 m MLLW and treatments that combined 100% shell cover with high rugosity at two of three sites at 0.6 m MLLW, a tidal elevation to which O. lurida rarely recruits. Some NIS recruited in lower abundance to 100% shell treatments and/or rugose treatments, although the effects were not consistent across species. Recruitment strength of both native and NIS varied across sites and treatments and should be tested on a site-specific basis prior to reef ball deployment, but I suggest projects that utilize reef balls in living shoreline designs in southern California should generally add shell cover and rugosity to the concrete to favor native species and discourage NIS.
Profiles of physical activity biographies in relation to life and aging satisfaction in older adults: longitudinal findings
Creators: name: Gellert, Paul
name: Wienert, Julian
name: Ziegelmann, Jochen P.
name: Kuhlmey, Adelheid
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Lifespan
subject: Exercise
subject: History
subject: Wellbeing
subject: Quality of life
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: While there is substantial evidence on the relationship between life satisfaction and present physical activity (PA), less is known about which specific PA biographies are associated with a high quality of life and aging satisfaction. Our objective was to identify classes of PA biographies that may be associated with life and aging satisfaction. Methods: In this longitudinal study, PA biographies were assessed retrospectively as a baseline, followed by assessments of life and aging satisfaction at six and twelve months in 418 adults aged 60–95. Subgroups with different PA biographies were identified using latent class analysis. Results: Four distinct PA biographies emerged: increasingly active (35%; n = 147); consistently active (25%; n = 103); consistently inactive (18%; n = 75); and decreasingly active (22%; n = 94). Being consistently active was related to life satisfaction (β = .17) and consistent inactivity was associated with aging dissatisfaction (β = −.20) when accounting for current PA levels. Conclusions: In addition to current PA, our findings emphasize the value of PA biographies for life and aging satisfaction, which could inform lifespan theories of PA and health promotion.
Elevated Gestational IL-13 During Fetal Development Is Associated With Hyperactivity and Inattention in Eight-Year-Old Children
Creators: name: Thürmann, Loreen
name: Herberth, Gunda
name: Rolle-Kampczyk, Ulrike
name: Röder, Stefan
name: Borte, Michael
name: Bergen, Martin Von
name: Lehmann, Irina
name: Trump, Saskia
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: hyperactivity
subject: inattention
subject: SDQ
subject: maternal
subject: atopic dermatitis
subject: inflammation
subject: prenatal
subject: PUFA
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Maternal immune activation (MIA) during fetal development leads to behavioral and psychological disorders in the offspring. Concomitantly, insufficient supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is suspected to contribute to early neuronal maldevelopment due to the immune modulatory capabilities of PUFAs. However, human data are missing considering both of these aspects and their impact on children's behavioral outcomes. In line, this study aimed to elucidate the influence of gestational cytokines and PUFA-containing lipids during late pregnancy on behavioral sequelae in childhood, particularly focusing on an immune activation shaped by a history of maternal atopic diseases instead of a pathogen-mediated immune response. Based on the prospective mother-child cohort LINA we assessed the unstimulated blood cytokine profiles and concentrations of PUFA-containing lipids of 293 mothers at the 34th week of pregnancy. Maternal history of atopic diseases was obtained from questionnaires and behavior in eight-year-old children was assessed by the standardized Strength and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQ) generating scores for hyperactivity/inattention, emotional symptoms, conduct problems, and peer relationship problems. Elevated IL-13 increased the risk for the child to show behavioral difficulties, in particular, hyperactive/inattentive behavior [adj. OR (95% CI): 2.47 (1.51-4.02), n = 255 vs. 38] at the age of eight years. Although the presence of maternal atopic dermatitis (AD) was associated with increased gestational IL-13 concentrations [adj. MR (95% CI): 1.17 (1.04-1.32)], no effect on children's behavioral difficulties was observed. However, a decrease in the PUFA containing lipid species PC aa C38:6 was not only associated with an increased gestational IL-13 concentration but also mediated the indirect effect of low PC aa C38:6 concentrations on children's abnormal behavior independent of maternal AD. We additionally assessed whether maternal IL-13 and PC aa C38:6 concentrations translate their effect by altering children's cord blood PC aa C38:6 and IL-13. While also the children's cord blood IL-13 was related to children's behavior, no effect of children's PC aa C38:6 was observed. This is the first study demonstrating that elevated gestational IL-13 increases the risk for children to develop behavioral difficulties. Analyses suggest that a reduced supply of gestational PC aa C38:6 contributes to elevated gestational IL-13 leading to behavioral sequelae in the offspring.
Nonlinear Reconstruction of the Velocity Field
Creators: name: Yu, Yu
name: Zhu, Hong-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new velocity reconstruction method based on the displacement estimation by recently developed methods. The velocity is first reconstructed by transfer functions in Lagrangian space and then mapped into Eulerian space. High resolution simulations are used to test the performance. We find that the new reconstruction method outperforms the standard velocity reconstruction in the sense of better cross-correlation coefficient, less velocity misalignment and smaller amplitude difference. We conclude that this new method has the potential to improve the large-scale structure sciences involving a velocity reconstruction, such as kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich measurement and supernova cosmology.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures, matched to the published version
Supplementary methods, figures and tables from Population genomic, climatic and anthropogenic evidence suggest the role of human forces in endangerment of green peafowl (Pavo muticus)
Creators: name: Dong, Feng
name: Kuo, Hao-Chih
name: Chen, Guo-Ling
name: Wu, Fei
name: Shan, Peng-Fei
name: Wang, Jie
name: Chen, De
name: Lei, Fu-Min
name: Hung, Chih-Ming
name: Liu, Yang
name: Yang, Xiao-Jun
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021

description: This file includes supplementary materials and methods, supplementary figure 1-5 and supplementary table 1-9
Price elasticities, joint products, and international trade
Creators: name: Piggott, Nicholas E.
name: Wohlgenant, Michael K.
name: Piggott, Nicholas E.
name: Wohlgenant, Michael K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
International Relations/Trade

description: This paper extends the basic results of Houck’s insight for derived demand elasticities for the case of joint products by allowing for the possibility of the joint and raw products being traded. Theoretical relationships between individual demands for a set of jointly-produced commodities that are traded and composite demand for the raw product from which the joint products originate are derived. It is shown that while the derived price elasticity of domestic demand retains the same form as Houck’s original formula, the relevant price elasticities of demand to include in the formula are elasticities of total demand instead of domestic demand elasticities. Using the USA soybean industry as an example, this generalised formula that takes into account trade is implemented to calculate the elasticity of total demand for USA soybeans. The usefulness of this formula for policy-makers to trace out the impacts of changes in market conditions and trade policy in the joint-products, and how it will impact the price elasticity of domestic and total demand for the raw product, is demonstrated.
A Recurrent Variational Autoencoder for Speech Enhancement
Creators: name: Leglaive, Simon
name: Alameda-Pineda, Xavier
name: Girin, Laurent
name: Horaud, Radu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents a generative approach to speech enhancement based on a recurrent variational autoencoder (RVAE). The deep generative speech model is trained using clean speech signals only, and it is combined with a nonnegative matrix factorization noise model for speech enhancement. We propose a variational expectation-maximization algorithm where the encoder of the RVAE is fine-tuned at test time, to approximate the distribution of the latent variables given the noisy speech observations. Compared with previous approaches based on feed-forward fully-connected architectures, the proposed recurrent deep generative speech model induces a posterior temporal dynamic over the latent variables, which is shown to improve the speech enhancement results.
Representation in the genome
Creators: name: Pridmore, Brant Layton
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2013
Subjects: representation
genetic information
metaphor
teleosemantics
teleonomy
Millikan
epigenetics
biological function

description: Many biologists, and others, use representational talk to describe a range of genomic phenomena: ‘transcription’, ‘translation’, ‘the genetic code’ etc. How seriously we should take this depends on our account of representation. ‘Teleosemantics’ is an account that bases representational content on the functions of biological systems (‘devices’) that produce and consume physical tokens so as to communicate with one another and deal successfully with the world. On this view, many biological systems other than human beings display representational capacities. In particular, molecular genes within a cell, working with other cellular machinery, send messages to the ribosomes about what proteins to synthesise, how much and when. These messages are crucial to nearly all biological processes and, on a teleosemantic view, genuinely represent both the proteins that are to be synthesised and the environmental conditions with which those proteins are supposed to deal. It is tempting to think that a gene could also represent a trait —e.g. that the allele for yellow seeds in peas represents yellow seeds. The trouble is that there is no single consumer device to which the gene is sending a message. Most representation in the genome is fairly rudimentary but in some cases the genome displays more sophisticated capacities. Circadian clocks have evolved to represent future states of affairs and many viruses and bacteria practice genetic deception on host organisms. I also explore two attributes that are fundamental to the genome’s representational power: the compositionality of the parts that make it up and the arbitrariness of the genetic code that underpins the expression of molecular genes. Finally, I consider three ways of disputing the teleosemantic story about representation in the genome. First, are we obliged to say that representation is generated by functions deriving from inheritance systems other than the genome, hormonal inheritance systems, environmental niche construction, symbiosis etc? This is mostly an empirical matter and, in the current state of knowledge, the answer is largely in the negative. Second, is representational talk about the genome somehow second-rate: just a metaphor or an analogy or a useful model? In all three cases, my answer is ‘No’. Such worries boil down to worries about the teleosemantic story itself: they are not independent reasons to deny that the genome has representational capacities. Third, does according representational status to various nucleic acid structures do genuine conceptual work? Yes, it does. It improves the coherence of our theory of representation, presents a range of opportunities for further work, and has important implications for the way we see the kind of representation that human beings do.
Survey of experimental data
Creators: name: Oeschler, Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: >A review of meson emission in heavy ion collisions at incident energies from SIS up to collider energies is presented. A statistical model assuming chemical equilibrium and local strangeness conservation (i.e. strangeness conservation per collision) explains most of the observed features. Emphasis is put onto the study of $K^+$ and $K^-$ emission at low incident energies. In the framework of this statistical model it is shown that the experimentally observed equality of $K^+$ and $K^-$ rates at ``threshold-corrected'' energies $\sqrt{s} - \sqrt{s_{th}}$ is due to a crossing of two excitation functions. Furthermore, the independence of the $K^+/K^-$ ratio on the number of participating nucleons observed between SIS and RHIC is consistent with this model. It is demonstrated that the $K^-$ production at SIS energies occurs predominantly via strangeness exchange and that this channel is approaching chemical equilibrium. The observed maximum in the $K^+/π^+$ excitation function is also seen in the ratio of strange to non-strange particle production. The appearance of this maximum around 30 $A\cdot$GeV is due to the energy dependence of the chemical freeze-out parameters $T$ and $μ_B$.
description: 13 pages, 14 figures, SQM2001 in Frankfurt, Sept. 2001, submitted to IOP
Overcomplete sets in non-separable Banach spaces
Creators: name: Russo, Tommaso
name: Somaglia, Jacopo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce and study the notion of overcomplete set in a Banach space, that subsumes and extends the classical concept of overcomplete sequence in a (separable) Banach space. We give existence and non-existence results of overcomplete sets for a wide class of (non-separable) Banach spaces and we study to which extent properties of overcomplete sequences are retained by every overcomplete set.
Groupoid of OEIS A003154 Numbers (star numbers or centered dodecagonal numbers)
Creators: name: Sparavigna, Amelia Carolina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Integer sequences
OEIS
On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences

description: Here we discuss the binary operators of the set made by the OEIS sequence of integers A003154, defined as star numbers or centered dodecagonal numbers. The binary operators can be used to have groupoids.
MOESM1 of Retzius-sparing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: functional and early oncologic results in aggressive and locally advanced prostate cancer
Creators: name: Nyarangi-Dix, Joanne
name: Görtz, Magdalena
name: Gradinarov, Georgi
name: Hofer, Luisa
name: Schütz, Viktoria
name: Gasch, Claudia
name: Radtke, Jan
name: Hohenfellner, Markus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Demographic, preoperative and pathologic features.
Emergent bosons in the fermionic two-leg flux ladder
Creators: name: Strinati, Marcello Calvanese
name: Berkovits, Richard
name: Shimshoni, Efrat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the emergence of bosonic pairs in a system of two coupled one-dimensional fermionic chains subject to a gauge flux (two-leg flux ladder), with both attractive and repulsive interaction. In the presence of strong attractive nearest-neighbor interaction and repulsive next-to-nearest-neighbor interaction, the system crosses into a regime in which fermions form tightly bound pairs, which behave as bosonic entities. By means of numerical simulations based on the density-matrix-renormalization-group (DMRG) method, we show in particular that in the strongly paired regime, the gauge flux induces a quantum phase transition of the Ising type from vortex density wave (VDW) to a charge density wave (CDW), characteristic of bosonic systems.
description: 9 pages, 16 figures. Updated version after publication in Phys. Rev. B
The cuspidalisation of sections of arithmetic fundamental groups II
Creators: name: Saidi, Mohamed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we investigate the theory of cuspidalisation of sections of arithmetic fundamental groups of hyperbolic curves to cuspidally i-th and 2/p-th step prosolvable arithmetic fundamental groups. As a consequence we exhibit two, necessary and sufficient, conditions for sections of arithmetic fundamental groups of hyperbolic curves over p-adic local fields to arise from rational points. We also exhibit a class of sections of arithmetic fundamental groups of p-adic curves which are orthogonal to Pic, and which satisfy (unconditionally) one of the above conditions.
MOESM1 of The 2017–2018 influenza season in Bucharest, Romania: epidemiology and characteristics of hospital admissions for influenza-like illness
Creators: name: Drăgănescu, Anca
name: Săndulescu, Oana
name: Dragoș Florea
name: Vlaicu, Ovidiu
name: Streinu-Cercel, Anca
name: Oțelea, Dan
name: Luminos, Monica
name: Aramă, Victoria
name: Abrudan, Sorin
name: Streinu-Cercel, Adrian
name: Pițigoi, Daniela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Characteristics of influenza-positive vs. influenza-negative patients.
Gauge Theory at Large N and New G_2 Holonomy Metrics
Creators: name: Brandhuber, Andreas
name: Gomis, Jaume
name: Gubser, Steven S.
name: Gukov, Sergei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find a one-parameter family of new G_2 holonomy metrics and demonstrate that it can be extended to a two-parameter family. These metrics play an important role as the supergravity dual of the large $N$ limit of four dimensional supersymmetric Yang-Mills. We show that these G_2 holonomy metrics describe the M-theory lift of the supergravity solution describing a collection of D6-branes wrapping the supersymmetric three-cycle of the deformed conifold geometry for any value of the string coupling constant.
description: 31 pages, harvmac; references added
Schwarzschild geometry counterpart in semiclassical gravity
Creators: name: Arrechea, Julio
name: Barceló, Carlos
name: Carballo-Rubio, Raúl
name: Garay, Luis J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effects of vacuum polarization on vacuum static spherically-symmetric spacetimes. We start from the Polyakov approximation to the renormalized stress-energy tensor (RSET) of a minimally coupled massless scalar field. This RSET is not regular at $r=0$, so we define a regularized version of the Polyakov RSET. Using this Regularized RSET, and under the previous symmetry assumptions, we find all the solutions to the semiclassical field equations in vacuum. The resulting counterpart to the Schwarzschild classical geometry substitutes the presence of an event horizon by a wormhole throat that connects an external asymptotically flat region with an internal asymptotic region possessing a naked singularity: there are no semiclassical vacuum solutions with well-defined Cauchy surfaces. We also show that the Regularized Polyakov RSET allows for wormhole geometries of arbitrarily small throat radius. This analysis paves the way to future investigations of proper stellar configurations with an internal non-vacuum region.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures, v2: references and minor changes added to match published version
Combined morphological and functional liver MRI using spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame (T1 ρ) in conjunction with Gadoxetic Acid-enhanced MRI
Creators: name: Stief, Jonas D.
name: Haase, Moritz
name: Lüdemann, Lutz
name: Theilig, Dorothea
name: Schmelzle, Moritz
name: Hamm, Bernd
name: Denecke, Timm
name: Geisel, Dominik
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: magnetic resonance imaging
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Noninvasive early detection of liver cirrhosis and fibrosis is essential for management and therapy. The aim was to investigated whether a combination of the functional parameter relative enhancement (RE) on Gadoxetic Acid magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI) and the fibrosis parameter T1ρ distinguishes cirrhosis and healthy liver. We analyzed patients with Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and T1ρ mapping. Signal intensity was measured before and after contrast; RE was calculated. T1ρ was measured with circular regions of interest (T1ρ-cROI). A quotient of RE and T1ρ-cROI was calculated: the fibrosis function quotient (FFQ). Cirrhosis was evaluated based on morphology and secondary changes. 213 datasets were included. The difference between cirrhotic and noncirrhotic liver was 51.11 ms vs. 47.56 ms for T1ρ-cROI (p < 0.001), 0.59 vs. 0.70 for RE (p < 0.001), and 89.53 vs. 70.83 for FFQ (p < 0.001). T1ρ-cROI correlated with RE, r = -0.14 (p < 0.05). RE had an AUC of 0.73. The largest AUC had the FFQ with 0.79. The best cutoff value was 48.34 ms for T1ρ-cROI, 0.70 for RE and 78.59 ms for FFQ. In conclusion T1ρ and RE can distinguish between cirrhotic and noncirrhotic liver. The FFQ, which is the combination of the two, improves diagnostic performance.
Updated measurement method and uncertainty budget for direct emissivity measurements at UPV/EHU
Creators: name: de Arrieta, Iñigo González
name: Echániz, Telmo
name: Fuente, Raquel
name: Campillo-Robles, Jose Miguel
name: Igartua, Josu M.
name: López, Gabriel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work reports on the upgrades made to the direct emissivity measurement facility of the UPV/EHU. The instrumental improvements consist of, among others, a high-vacuum system and a wider temperature range (300-1273 K). Methodological developments include a refined measurement equation with updated parameters and a reworked ISO-compliant uncertainty budget, and a Monte Carlo procedure for accurate calculations of total emissivities from spectral data. These upgrades have been demonstrated and validated in measurements of both metallic and ceramic materials. The results obtained in this work are applicable to similar experimental devices for emissivity measurements in order to report reliable emissivity data.
description: 35 pages, references added, uncertainty calculations revised, new figures
Canted ferromagnetism in RuSr$_2$GdCu$_2$O$_8$
Creators: name: Nakamura, K.
name: Freeman, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First principles calculations using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method including intra-atomic noncollinear magnetism have been performed to determine the magnetic structures of RuSr$_{2}$GdCu$_{2}$O$_{8}$. The magnetism clearly arises from the RuO$_{6}$ octahedra where the moments on neighboring Ru sites order antiferromagnetically but cant perpendicular to the AFM axis - and so induce a weak ferromagnetism. The projected Ru moments along the AFM and FM axes result in magnetic moments of 1.16 and 0.99 $μ_{B}$ respectively. The results are consistent with the possible coexistence of canted ferromagnetism and superconductivity in the RuSr$_{2}$GdCu$_{2}$O$_{8}$ - inferred from experiments.
description: 4pages, 3 figures
Temporal Splicing Switches in Elements of the TNF-Pathway Identified by Computational Analysis of Transcriptome Data for Human Cell Lines
Creators: name: Genov, Nikolai
name: Basti, Alireza
name: Abreu, Mónica
name: Relógio, Angela
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: circadian clock
subject: cancer
subject: systems biology
subject: high-throughput data analysis
subject: alternative splicing
subject: analysis of oscillating genes
subject: pathway enrichment
subject: RNA-sequencing
subject: TNF-pathway
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Alternative splicing plays an important role in numerous cellular processes and aberrant splice decisions are associated with cancer. Although some studies point to a regulation of alternative splicing and its effector mechanisms in a time-dependent manner, the extent and consequences of such a regulation remains poorly understood. In the present work, we investigated the time-dependent production of isoforms in two Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines of different progression stages (HD-MY-Z, stage IIIb and L-1236, stage IV) compared to a B lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL-HO) with a focus on tumour necrosis factor (TNF) pathway-related elements. For this, we used newly generated time-course RNA-sequencing data from the mentioned cell lines and applied a computational pipeline to identify genes with isoform-switching behaviour in time. We analysed the temporal profiles of the identified events and evaluated in detail the potential functional implications of alterations in isoform expression for the selected top-switching genes. Our data indicate that elements within the TNF pathway undergo a time-dependent variation in isoform production with a putative impact on cell migration, proliferation and apoptosis. These include the genes TRAF1, TNFRSF12A and NFKB2. Our results point to a role of temporal alternative splicing in isoform production, which may alter the outcome of the TNF pathway and impact on tumorigenesis.
MOESM1 of Adjustment of oral diet based on flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) in acute stroke patients: a cross-sectional hospital-based registry study
Creators: name: Braun, Tobias
name: Juenemann, Martin
name: Viard, Maxime
name: Meyer, Marco
name: Reuter, Iris
name: Prosiegel, Mario
name: Kaps, Manfred
name: Tanislav, Christian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Differences in baseline characteristics between patients with normal swallowing function versus those with clinically relevant dysphagia in the subgroup of patients with ischemic stroke. Table S2. Differences in baseline characteristics between stroke patients with and without change in oral diet in the subgroup of patients with ischemic stroke. Table S3. Binaryl logistic regression analysis for pneumonia in ischemic stroke patients. Table S4. Binary logistic regression analysis for intubation in ischemic stroke patients.
The surprising little effectiveness of cooperative algorithms in parallel problem solving
Creators: name: Reia, Sandro M.
name: Aquino, Larissa F.
name: Fontanari, José F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Biological and cultural inspired optimization algorithms are nowadays part of the basic toolkit of a great many research domains. By mimicking processes in nature and animal societies, these general-purpose search algorithms promise to deliver optimal or near-optimal solutions using hardly any information on the optimization problems they are set to tackle. Here we study the performances of a cultural-inspired algorithm -- the imitative learning search -- as well as of asexual and sexual variants of evolutionary algorithms in finding the global maxima of NK-fitness landscapes. The main performance measure is the total number of agent updates required by the algorithms to find those global maxima and the baseline performance, which establishes the effectiveness of the cooperative algorithms, is set by the blind search in which the agents explore the problem space (binary strings) by flipping bits at random. We find that even for smooth landscapes that exhibit a single maximum, the evolutionary algorithms do not perform much better than the blind search due to the stochastic effects of the genetic roulette. The imitative learning is immune to this effect thanks to the deterministic choice of the fittest string in the population, which is used as a model for imitation. The tradeoff is that for rugged landscapes the imitative learning search is more prone to be trapped in local maxima than the evolutionary algorithms. In fact, in the case of rugged landscapes with a mild density of local maxima, the blind search either beats or matches the cooperative algorithms regardless of whether the task is to find the global maximum or to find the fittest state within a given runtime.
Issues on Radiatively Induced Lorentz and CPT Violation in Quantum Electrodynamics
Creators: name: Chen, W. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Various ambiguous results on radiatively induced Lorentz and CPT violation in quantum electrodynamics with a modified fermionic sector are reviewed and possible explanations for this ambiguity appearing in the literature are commentated. Furthermore, joint between stringent limit from astrophysical observation and theoretical prediction on Lorenz and CPT violation is discussed.
description: 12 pages, Rinton-P10x7 LaTex style; A combined version of talks given in PASCOS 2001 and MRST 2001