cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A DNA damage multi-scale model for NTCP in proton and hadron therapy
Creators: name: Abolfath, Ramin
name: Peeler, Chris
name: Mirkovic, Dragan
name: Mohan, Radhe
name: Grosshans, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: {\bf Purpose}: To develop a first principle and multi-scale model for normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) as a function of dose and LET for proton and in general for particle therapy with a goal of incorporating nano-scale radio-chemical to macro-scale cell biological pathways, spanning from initial DNA damage to tissue late effects. {\bf Methods}: The method is combination of analytical and multi-scale computational steps including (1) derivation of functional dependencies of NTCP on DNA driven cell lethality in nanometer and mapping to dose and LET in millimeter, and (2) 3D-surface fitting to Monte Carlo data set generated based on post radiation image change and gathered for a cohort of 14 pediatric patients treated by scanning beam of protons for ependymoma. We categorize voxel-based dose and LET associated with development of necrosis in NTCP. {\bf Result}: Our model fits well the clinical data, generated for post radiation tissue toxicity and necrosis. The fitting procedure results in extraction of in-{\it vivo} radio-biological $α$-$β$ indices and their numerical values. {\bf Discussion and conclusion}: The NTCP model, explored in this work, allows to correlate the tissue toxicities to DNA initial damage, cell lethality and the properties and qualities of radiation, dose and LET.
description: Accepted for publication in Medical Physics
Water affects morphogenesis of growing aquatic plant leaves
Creators: name: Xu, Fan
name: Fu, Chenbo
name: Yang, Yifan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lotus leaves floating on water usually experience short-wavelength edge wrinkling that decays toward the center, while the leaves growing above water normally morph into a global bending cone shape with long rippled waves near the edge. Observations suggest that the underlying water (liquid substrate) significantly affects the morphogenesis of leaves. To understand the biophysical mechanism under such phenomena, we develop mathematical models that can effectively account for inhomogeneous differential growth of floating and free-standing leaves, to quantitatively predict formation and evolution of their morphology. We find, both theoretically and experimentally, that the short-wavelength buckled configuration is energetically favorable for growing membranes lying on liquid, while the global buckling shape is more preferable for suspended ones. Other influencing factors such as stem/vein, heterogeneity and dimension are also investigated. Our results provide a fundamental insight into a variety of plant morphogenesis affected by water foundation and suggest that such surface instabilities can be harnessed for morphology control of biomimetic deployable structures using substrate or edge actuation.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Quadratic solitons as nonlocal solitons
Creators: name: Nikolov, Nikola I.
name: Neshev, Dragomir
name: Bang, Ole
name: Krolikowski, Wieslaw Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that quadratic solitons are equivalent to solitons of a nonlocal Kerr medium. This provides new physical insight into the properties of quadratic solitons, often believed to be equivalent to solitons of an effective saturable Kerr medium. The nonlocal analogy also allows for novel analytical solutions and the prediction of novel bound states of quadratic solitons.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Design of a Resistive Plate Chamber using additive manufacturing
Creators: name: Benussi, L.
name: Bianco, S.
name: Campagnola, R.
name: Caponero, M.
name: Colafranceschi, S.
name: Gebremedhin, H.
name: Hess, J.
name: Horsley, J.
name: Landis, M.
name: Meola, S.
name: Nester, D.
name: Passamonti, L.
name: Peachey-Stoner, L.
name: Peachey-Stoner, R.
name: Piccolo, D.
name: Pierluigi, D.
name: Russo, A.
name: Saviano, G.
name: Stutzman, L.
name: Tezazu, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Driven by the recent improvement in additive manufacturing technologies, we designed a detector that can be fully printed with a standard and commercial 3D printer. The main goals of this research concern the marginal design and construction costs, the reproducibility/modularity of the products, and the reduced assembly time. During the first phase of this research, after determining the most suitable material, we produced 10 examples of detectors.
description: 2 pages, 4 figures
The effect of bigger human bodies on future global calorie requirements
Creators: name: Depenbusch, L.
name: Klasen, S.
name: Depenbusch, L.
name: Klasen, S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Global food demand will see a rapid increase over the coming decades. Existing studies on future calorie demand consider mainly population growth and rising incomes. We add to the literature by estimating the effect of increases in human weight caused by rising BMI and height on future calorie requirements. We produce projections that are solely based on human energy requirements for maintenance of weight. We develop four different scenarios that affect this value and show that increases in human height and BMI could lead to an increase in global calorie requirements by 18.73 percentage points between 2010 and 2100 compared to a world where the weight per age-sex group would stay the same. These increases will particularly affect countries which are already facing higher rises in calorie requirements due to high population growth. The region most affected by this pattern is Sub-Saharan Africa. Acknowledgement : Financial support by the German Research Foundation (DFG) is gratefully acknowledged. We are thankful for comments by attendants of a Seminar at the GlobalFood Research Training Group and the Development Economics and Policy 2017 conference hosted by the Research Group on Development Economics of the Verein f r Socialpolitik.
Robustagramma brevicilium Cui and Marshall 2005, new species
Creators: name: Marshall, Stephen A.
name: Cui, Yongsheng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sphaeroceridae
Robustagramma
Robustagramma brevicilium

description: Robustagramma brevicilium Cui and Marshall, new species
(Figs. 9–12)
 As described for Robustagramma longiseta except as follows.
 Male: Body length 2.1 mm. General color yellow to reddish yellow; lightly pollinose, without conspicuous pigmentation. Face, gena and lower frons yellow; antenna and upper frons reddish yellow. Anterior orbital bristle ca. 3/5 as long as posterior. Postocellar bristles present, half as long as postvertical bristle. Eye height ca. 2 times genal height. Aristal hairs short, ca. 1.5 times basal width of arista. Preapical palpal bristles ca. 1.8 times as long as greatest width of palpus.
 Dorsocentral bristles in 4 (2 presutural and 2 postsutural) pairs, anterior presutural dorsocentral bristle distinctly longer than acrostichal setulae. Acrostichal setulae in 6 rows between anterior postsutural dorsocentral bristles. Posterodorsal katepisternal bristle 3/4 as long as distance between bristle base and wing base. Second to third costal sector ratio ca. 0.37. Costa extends past R 4+5 by one vein width. Discal cell with a 1–2 vein widths long stump of vein CuA 1. Legs yellow. Mid tibia with a strong, additional, anterodorsal setula at distal 1/4 just basal to anterodorsal distal bristle. Mid femur with 10 weak ventral bristles on basal half.
Sternite 5 with a row of 12 long, depressed bristles, 2 rows of 8 short, stout bristles, and 2 semilunar posterolateral flanges; without a hemispherical posteromedial protuberance. Ejaculatory apodeme 0.25 times as long as aedeagal apodeme.
Female: Unknown.
Holotype (♂, DEBU): PANAMA: Chiriquí. Lagunas, 5 km SW Hato del Volcán, 1360m, dung, 22–26.v.1977, S. Peck.
 Etymology: The name brevicilium refers to the short aristal hairs.
description: Published as part of Marshall, Stephen A. & Cui, Yongsheng, 2005, Systematics of Robustagramma, a new genus of New World Sphaeroceridae (Diptera), pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 1026 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1026.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049813
Anion recognition using a simple cyclic peptide
Creators: name: Sergeant, Genevieve E.
name: Jolliffe, Katrina A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The head-to-tail cyclic hexapeptide, [cyclo(Val-Thr)3], was found to bind to a range of anions in DMSO-d6 with higher affinity for tetrahedral oxo-anions than halides. 1H NMR spectroscopy indicated that anion binding results in an overall change in peptide conformation with the binding of both sulphate and selenate leading to similar peptide conformations. In the more competitive solvent mixture of 2:8 v/v H2O/DMSO-d6 this cyclic peptide displayed five-fold stronger binding to sulphate than to selenate.
3-dimensional Cauchy-Riemann structures and 2nd order ordinary differential equations
Creators: name: Nurowski, Pawel
name: Sparling, George A J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The equivalence problem for second order ODEs given modulo point transformations is solved in full analogy with the equivalence problem of nondegenerate 3-dimensional CR structures. This approach enables an analog of the Feffereman metrics to be defined. The conformal class of these (split signature) metrics is well defined by each point equivalence class of second order ODEs. Its conformal curvature is interpreted in terms of the basic point invariants of the corresponding class of ODEs.
Source-dependent properties of different slow solar wind states
Creators: name: Griton, Léa
name: Rouillard, Alexis
name: Poirier, Nicolas
name: Issautier, Karine
name: Moncuquet, Michel
name: Pinto, Rui F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: solar wind formation, coronal hole, streamer, parker solar probe

description: Two distinct plasma states of slow solar wind are identified from in-situ measurements of the local magnetic field and the solar wind plasma by Parker Solar Probe (PSP) during Encounter 2. So close to the Sun the wind measured at PSP has not yet undergone too many transformations related to the expansion and propagation of the wind in the heliosphere and we focus on the wind intervals with no magnetic switchbacks. The two states differ by plasma beta, mass flux and magnetic pressure. A detailed study of the spacecraft connectivity, combined with the optimised PFSS-reconstructed solar magnetic field (from magnetic field maps and EUV observations of coronal holes), revealed that the boundary between the two states can be interpreted as a transition from a streamer-like to an equatorial coronal hole plasma flow. The streamer type tube has an expansion factor 20 times higher than the equatorial coronal hole tube, and a stronger expansion over a larger spatial extent. The simulations reproduce the properties observed in the data: slower and denser wind at the edge of the streamer compared to equatorial coronal hole plasma. Temperature profiles from simulations provide an explanation: due to the difference of photospheric magnetic field and different flux tube geometries, heating is more intense and lower along a streamer-like tube than along a coronal hole-like tube, even if footpoints of both tubes are very close to each other on the solar surface. This results in plasma outflows with different background properties at the edge of the streamer and at the boundary of the equatorial coronal hole, independently of the solar wind variability.
description: The IRAP team acknowledges support from the French space agency (Centre National des Etudes Spatiales; CNES; https://cnes.fr/fr) that funds activity of the space weather team in Toulouse (Solar-Terrestrial Observations and Modelling Service; STORMS; http://stormsservice.irap.omp.eu/). The work of L. Griton, A.P.R., and N.P. was funded by the ERC SLOW_SOURCE project (SLOW_SOURCE—DLV-819189). We acknowledge the NASA Parker Solar Probe Mission, the FIELDS team led S. D. Bale, and the SWEAP team led by J. Kasper for use of data. The FIELDS and SWEAP experiments on the Parker Solar Probe spacecraft were designed and developed under NASA contract NNN06AA01C.
Wind turbine simulations in OpenFOAM
Creators: name: Donéstevez, Eduardo Miguel Fírvida
name: Morfa, Carlos Alexander Recarey
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 10301 Numerical Analysis
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 10302 Numerical Solution of Differential and Integral Equations
subject: 10399 Numerical and Computational Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: 91501 Computational Fluid Dynamics
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: 80110 Simulation and Modelling
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This data includes several examples of numerical simulations of wind turbines (CFD) using OpenFOAM. Designed for runs on HPC systems with SLURM system as task manager.
Higher-order finite type invariants of classical and virtual knots and unknotting operations
Creators: name: Ito, Noboru
name: Sakurai, Migiwa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Vassiliev introduced filtered invariants of knots using an unknotting operation, called crossing changes. Goussarov, Polyak, and Viro introduced other filtered invariants of virtual knots, which order is called GPV-order, using an unknotting operation, called virtualization. We defined other filtered invariants, which order is called $F$-order, of virtual knots using an unknotting operation, called forbidden moves. In this paper, we show that the set of virtual knot invariants of $F$-order $\le n+1$ is strictly stronger than that of $F$-order $\le n$ and that of GPV-order $\le 2n+1$. To obtain the result, we show that the set of virtual knot invariants of $F$-order $\le n$ contains every Goussarov-Polyak-Viro invariant of GPV-order $\le 2n+1$, which implies that the set of virtual knot invariants of $F$-order is a complete invariant of classical and virtual knots.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures
The Evolution of Plasma Composition During a Solar Flare
Creators: name: To, Andy S.H.
name: Long, David M.
name: Baker, Deborah
name: Brooks, David
name: Van Driel-Gesztelyi, Lidia
name: Laming, Martin
name: Valori, Gherardo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Sun: abundances - Sun: corona - Sun: magnetic fields

description: We analyse the coronal elemental abundances during a small flare using Hinode/EIS observations. Compared to the pre-flare elemental abundances, we observed a strong increase in coronal abundance of Ca XIV 193.84 Å, an emission line with low first ionisation potential (FIP < 10 eV), as quantified by the ratio Ca/Ar during the flare. This is in contrast to the unchanged abundance ratio observed using Si X 258.38 Å/S X 264.23 Å. We propose two different mechanisms to explain the different composition results. Firstly, the small flare-induced heating could have ionised S, but not the noble gas Ar, so that the flare-driven Alfvén waves brought up Si, S and Ca in tandem via the ponderomotive force which acts on ions. Secondly, the location of the flare in strong magnetic fields between two sunspots may suggest fractionation occurred in the low chromosphere, where the background gas is neutral H. In this region, high-FIP S could behave more like a low-FIP than a high-FIP element. The physical interpretations proposed generate new insights into the evolution of plasma abundances in the solar atmosphere during flaring, and suggests that current models must be updated to reflect dynamic rather than just static scenarios.
description: Paper can be accessed at https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.09985
Decentralized Common Knowledge Oracles
Creators: name: Williams, Austin K.
name: Peterson, Jack
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We define and analyze three mechanisms for getting common knowledge, a posteriori truths about the world onto a blockchain in a decentralized setting. We show that, when a reasonable economic condition is met, these mechanisms are individually rational, incentive compatible, and decide the true outcome of valid oracle queries in both the non-cooperative and cooperative settings. These mechanisms are based upon repeated games with two classes of players: queriers who desire to get common knowledge truths onto the blockchain and a pool of reporters who posses such common knowledge. Presented with a new oracle query, reporters have an opportunity to report the truth in return for a fee provided by the querier. During subsequent oracle queries, the querier has an opportunity to punish any reporters who did not report truthfully during previous rounds. While the set of reporters has the power to cause the oracle to lie, they are incentivized not to do so.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures
Nucleon contribution to the induced charge of neutrinos in a matter background and a magnetic field
Creators: name: Nieves, Jose F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nucleon contribution to the electromagnetic vertex function of neutrinos that propagate in a matter background in the presence of a magnetic field. Starting from the one-loop expression for the corresponding terms of the vertex function, and taking into account the anomalous magnetic coupling of the nucleons, we calculate the B-dependent part of the form factors that determine the induced charge of the neutrino. A formula for the neutrino induced charge is obtained, and it is evaluated for various illustrative situations. The terms due to the nucleons can be important in some cases, depending on the physical conditions of the environment.
description: revtex4, 13 pages. Contains the minor revisions made in the prd accepted version
Fate of electron beam in graphene: Coulomb relaxation or plasma instability?
Creators: name: Svintsov, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron beams in two-dimensional systems can provide a useful tool to study energy-momentum relaxation of electrons and to generate microwave radiation stemming from plasma-beam instabilities. Naturally, these two applications cannot coexist: if beam electrons do relax, the beam is stabilized; if instability exists, it strongly distorts the distribution function of beam electrons. In this paper, we study the competition of beam relaxation due to electron-electron (e-e) collisions and development of plasma beam instability in graphene. We find that unstable plasma mode associated with a beam is stabilized already by weak e-e collisions. At intermediate e-e collision frequency, the instability re-appears at the ordinary graphene plasmon mode. Such instability is interpreted as viscous transfer of momentum from beam to 2d plasmons. Its growth rate reaches its maximum at hydrodynamic-to-ballistic crossover, when plasmon wavelength and electron mean free path are of the same order of magnitude.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Training junior faculty to become clinical teachers: The value of personalized coaching
Creators: name: Bajwa, Nadia M.
name: Grasset, Jehanne De
name: Marie-Claude Audétat
name: Jastrow, Nicole
name: Richard-Lepouriel, Hélène
name: Dao, Melissa Dominicé
name: Nendaz, Mathieu R.
name: Perron, Noëlle Junod
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: Junior clinical faculty require institutional support in the acquisition of feedback and clinical supervision skills of trainees. We tested the effectiveness of a personalized coaching versus guided self-reflection format of a faculty development program at improving faculty skills and self-efficacy. Methods: Participants were evaluated both before and after the program using a four-station Objective Structured Teaching Exercise (OSTE). A gain-score analysis, one-way ANOVA, and paired t-tests were used to evaluate both groups. The impact on the learning environment was measured by resident ratings of the Maastricht Clinical Teaching Questionnaire. Results: One hundred and twenty-seven participants completed the study over a three-year period. Both groups had significant improvements in self-efficacy. Participants in the coaching group demonstrated superior performance in encouraging learner self-reflection, teaching effectiveness, verifying learner understanding, exploring feelings/needs, and defining learning objectives. Over a 5-year period, the overall institutional learning climate significantly improved concerning faculty role-modeling, coaching, articulation, and explorations skills. Conclusion: Offering a contextualized faculty-development program using OSTEs that provides multiple opportunities for feedback and is focused on creating a community of practice is an effective method to facilitate the transfer of skills to the clinical environment, supports teacher identity development, and favorably impacts the learning climate.
Cross-validation strategies in QSPR modelling of chemical reactions
Creators: name: A. Rakhimbekova
name: T.N. Akhmetshin
name: G.I. Minibaeva
name: R.I. Nugmanov
name: T.R. Gimadiev
name: T.I. Madzhidov
name: I.I. Baskin
name: A. Varnek
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: In this article, we consider cross-validation of the quantitative structure-property relationship models for reactions and show that the conventional k-fold cross-validation (CV) procedure gives an ‘optimistically’ biased assessment of prediction performance. To address this issue, we suggest two strategies of model cross-validation, ‘transformation-out’ CV, and ‘solvent-out’ CV. Unlike the conventional k-fold cross-validation approach that does not consider the nature of objects, the proposed procedures provide an unbiased estimation of the predictive performance of the models for novel types of structural transformations in chemical reactions and reactions going under new conditions. Both the suggested strategies have been applied to predict the rate constants of bimolecular elimination and nucleophilic substitution reactions, and Diels-Alder cycloaddition. All suggested cross-validation methodologies and tutorial are implemented in the open-source software package CIMtools (https://github.com/cimm-kzn/CIMtools).
The Effects of Changes in Feed Grains Policy on the Livestock Sector
Creators: name: Westcott, Paul C.
name: Stillman, Richard P.
name: Collins, Keith J.
name: Westcott, Paul C.
name: Stillman, Richard P.
name: Collins, Keith J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Crop Production/Industries
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Simulations of a quarterly agriculture sector model suggest that all livestock producers initially benefit from lower feed grain prices. In the longer run, cattle feeders, hog producers, and dairy producers appear to benefit while poultry producers and cow—calf enterprises are apparently worse off. Retail meat prices are generally lower.
Generalized geometrical coupling for vector field localization on thick brane in asymptotic Anti-de Sitter spacetime
Creators: name: Sui, Tao-Tao
name: Guo, Wen-Di
name: Xie, Qun-Ying
name: Liu, Yu-Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that a five-dimensional free vector field $A_{M}$ cannot be localized on Randall-Sundrum (RS)-like thick branes, namely, the thick branes embedded in asymptotic Anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime. In order to localize a vector field on the RS-like thick brane, an extra coupling term should be introduced. In this paper, we generalize the geometrical coupling mechanism by adding two mass terms ($αRg^{MN}A_{M}A_{N}+βR^{MN}A_{M}A_{N}$) into the action. We decompose the fundamental vector field $A_{M}$ into three parts: transverse vector part $\hat{A}_μ$, scalar parts $ϕ$ and $A_{5}$. Then, we find that the transverse vector part $\hat{A}_μ$ decouples from the scalar parts. In order to eliminate the tachyonic modes of $\hat{A}_μ$, the two coupling parameters $α$ and $β$ should satisfy a relation. Combining the restricted condition, we can get a combination parameter as $γ=\frac{3}{2}\pm\sqrt{1+12α}$. Only if $γ>1/2$, the zero mode of $\hat{A}_μ$ can be localized on the RS-like thick brane. We also investigate the resonant character of the vector part $\hat{A}_μ$ for the general RS-like thick brane with the warp factor $A(z)=-\ln(1+k^2z^2)/2$ by choosing the relative probability method. The result shows that, only for $γ>3$, the massive resonant Kaluza-Klein modes can exist. The number of resonant Kaluza-Klein states increases with the combination parameter $γ$, and the lifetime of the first resonant state can be long enough as the age of our universe. This indicates that the vector resonances might be considered as one of the candidates of dark matter.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
RGB-T Semantic Segmentation with Location, Activation, and Sharpening
Creators: name: Li, Gongyang
name: Wang, Yike
name: Liu, Zhi
name: Zhang, Xinpeng
name: Zeng, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Semantic segmentation is important for scene understanding. To address the scenes of adverse illumination conditions of natural images, thermal infrared (TIR) images are introduced. Most existing RGB-T semantic segmentation methods follow three cross-modal fusion paradigms, i.e. encoder fusion, decoder fusion, and feature fusion. Some methods, unfortunately, ignore the properties of RGB and TIR features or the properties of features at different levels. In this paper, we propose a novel feature fusion-based network for RGB-T semantic segmentation, named \emph{LASNet}, which follows three steps of location, activation, and sharpening. The highlight of LASNet is that we fully consider the characteristics of cross-modal features at different levels, and accordingly propose three specific modules for better segmentation. Concretely, we propose a Collaborative Location Module (CLM) for high-level semantic features, aiming to locate all potential objects. We propose a Complementary Activation Module for middle-level features, aiming to activate exact regions of different objects. We propose an Edge Sharpening Module (ESM) for low-level texture features, aiming to sharpen the edges of objects. Furthermore, in the training phase, we attach a location supervision and an edge supervision after CLM and ESM, respectively, and impose two semantic supervisions in the decoder part to facilitate network convergence. Experimental results on two public datasets demonstrate that the superiority of our LASNet over relevant state-of-the-art methods. The code and results of our method are available at https://github.com/MathLee/LASNet.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 2022
Design and Experimental Performance of Local Entanglement Witness Operators
Creators: name: Amaro, David
name: Müller, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement is a central concept in quantum information and a key resource for many quantum protocols. In this work we propose and analyze a class of entanglement witnesses that detect the presence of entanglement in subsystems of experimental multi-qubit stabilizer states. The witnesses we propose can be decomposed into sums of Pauli operators and can be efficiently evaluated by either two measurement settings only or at most a number of measurements that only depends on the size of the subsystem of interest. We provide two constructive methods to design the local witness operators, the first one based on the local unitary equivalence between graph and stabilizer states, and the second one based on sufficient and necessary conditions that the respective set of constituent Pauli operators needs to fulfill. We theoretically establish the noise tolerance of the proposed witnesses and benchmark their practical performance by analyzing the local entanglement structure of an experimental seven-qubit quantum error correction code.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
Fabrication and Imaging of Monolayer Phosphorene with Preferred Edge Configurations via Graphene-Assisted Layer-by-Layer Thinning
Creators: name: Lee, Yangjin
name: Lee, Sol
name: Yoon, Jun-Yoeong
name: Cheon, Jinwoo
name: Jeong, Hu Young
name: Kim, Kwanpyo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phosphorene, a monolayer of black phosphorus (BP), is an elemental two-dimensional material with interesting physical properties, such as high charge carrier mobility and exotic anisotropic in-plane properties. To fundamentally understand these various physical properties, it is critically important to conduct an atomic-scale structural investigation of phosphorene, particularly regarding various defects and preferred edge configurations. However, it has been challenging to investigate mono- and few-layer phosphorene because of technical difficulties arising in the preparation of a high-quality sample and damages induced during the characterization process. Here, we successfully fabricate high-quality monolayer phosphorene using a controlled thinning process with transmission electron microscopy, and subsequently perform atomic-resolution imaging. Graphene protection suppresses the e-beam-induced damage to multi-layer BP and one-side graphene protection facilitates the layer-by-layer thinning of the samples, rendering high-quality monolayer and bilayer regions. We also observe the formation of atomic-scale crystalline edges predominantly aligned along the zigzag and (101) terminations, which is originated from edge kinetics under e-beam-induced sputtering process. Our study demonstrates a new method to image and precisely manipulate the thickness and edge configurations of air-sensitive two-dimensional materials.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures
Positivity violation for the lattice Landau gluon propagator
Creators: name: Cucchieri, Attilio
name: Mendes, Tereza
name: Taurines, Andre R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present explicit numerical evidence of reflection-positivity violation for the lattice Landau gluon propagator in three-dimensional pure SU(2) gauge theory. We use data obtained at very large lattice volumes (V = 80^3, 140^3) and for three different lattice couplings in the scaling region (beta = 4.2, 5.0, 6.0). In particular, we observe a clear oscillatory pattern in the real-space propagator C(t). We also verify that the (real-space) data show good scaling in the range t \in [0,3] fm and can be fitted using a Gribov-like form. The violation of positivity is in contradiction with a stable-particle interpretation of the associated field theory and may be viewed as a manifestation of confinement.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures; minor modifications in the text and in the bibliography
Quantitative structure-activity relationship model for classifying the diverse series of antifungal agents using ratio weighted penalized logistic regression
Creators: name: A.M. Alharthi
name: M.H. Lee
name: Z.Y. Algamal
name: A.M. Al-Fakih
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the most challenging issues when facing a Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) classification model is to deal with the descriptor selection. Penalized methods have been adapted and have gained popularity as a key for simultaneously performing descriptor selection and QSAR classification model estimation. However, penalized methods have drawbacks such as having biases and inconsistencies that make they lack the oracle properties. This paper proposes an adaptive penalized logistic regression (APLR) to overcome these drawbacks. This is done by employing a ratio (BWR) of the descriptors between-groups sum of squares (BSS) to the within-groups sum of squares (WSS) for each descriptor as a weight inside the L1-norm. The proposed method was applied to one dataset that consists of a diverse series of antimicrobial agents with their respective bioactivities against Candida albicans. By experimental study, it has been shown that the proposed method (APLR) was more efficient in the selection of descriptors and classification accuracy than the other competitive methods that could be used in developing QSAR classification models. Another dataset was also successfully experienced. Therefore, it can be concluded that the APLR method had significant impact on QSAR analysis and studies.
Strangeness and light fragment production at high baryon density
Creators: name: Blaschke, D.
name: Röpke, G.
name: Ivanov, Yu.
name: Kozhevnikova, M.
name: Liebing, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss medium effects on light cluster production in the QCD phase diagram within a generalized Beth-Uhlenbeck (GBU) approach by relating Mott transition lines to those for chemical freeze-out. We find that in heavy-ion collisions at highest energies provided by the LHC light cluster abundances should follow the statistical model because of low baryon densities. At low energies in the nuclear fragmentation region, where the freeze-out interferes with the liquid-gas phase transition, selfenergy and Pauli blocking effects are important. At intermediate energies the HADES, FAIR and NICA experiments can give new information. The GBU approach provides new insights to strange hadron production in this energy domain for explaining the "horn" effects.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, Contribution to the Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on 'Strangeness in Quark Matter' (SQM-2019), Bari, Italy, 10-15 June, 2019
Noncommutative homotopy algebras associated with open strings
Creators: name: Kajiura, Hiroshige
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 18G55;81T18;81T30

description: We discuss general properties of $A_\infty$-algebras and their applications to the theory of open strings. The properties of cyclicity for $A_\infty$-algebras are examined in detail. We prove the decomposition theorem, which is a stronger version of the minimal model theorem, for $A_\infty$-algebras and cyclic $A_\infty$-algebras and discuss various consequences of it. In particular it is applied to classical open string field theories and it is shown that all classical open string field theories on a fixed conformal background are cyclic $A_\infty$-isomorphic to each other. The same results hold for classical closed string field theories, whose algebraic structure is governed by cyclic $L_\infty$-algebras.
description: 92 pages, 16 figuers; based on Ph.D thesis submitted to Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, Univ. of Tokyo on January, 2003; v2: explanation improved, references added, published version
Supplementary_Materials_Vertosick_et_al.docx
Creators: name: Vertosick, Emily
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: 111202 Cancer Diagnosis
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110312 Nephrology and Urology

description: Supplementary materials for "Prespecified four kallikrein marker model (4Kscore) at age 50 or 60 for Early Detection of Lethal Prostate Cancer in a Large Population-Based Cohort of Asymptomatic Men Followed for 20 Years."
Robustagramma lingulatum Cui and Marshall 2005, new species
Creators: name: Marshall, Stephen A.
name: Cui, Yongsheng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sphaeroceridae
Robustagramma
Robustagramma lingulatum

description: Robustagramma lingulatum Cui and Marshall, new species
(Figs. 13–17, 364)
 As described for Robustagramma uniseta except as follows.
 Male: Body length 1.6–2.0 mm. General color dark brown to black. Frons indistinctly flattened and shiny. Face and lower frons brown to dark brown. Two orbital bristles, anterior bristle 2/3 as long as posterior. Postvertical bristles similar to or slightly shorter than inner occipital bristles. Eye height ca.1.8–2.0 times genal height. Preapical palpal bristles slightly shorter than twice maximum width of palpus. Anterior portion of wing lightly infuscated. Costa ending near wing apex, extending past R 4+5 by 1–2 vein widths. Discal cell with or without a short stump vein M. Mid femur with 5–8 posteroventral bristles on basal half.
Sternite 5 with a row of 8 or 9 conspicuously stout bristles on border line between dark and pale portions, and two linguiform posterolateral flanges; some special scales on flanges. Surstylus relatively narrow in lateral view.
Holotype (♂, DEBU): VENEZUELA: Aragua. Henry Pitter N.P., Rancho Grande, 9.iv.1994, L. Masner.
Paratype: VENEZUELA: Merida. 6 km S Azulita, near road, 3.v.1988, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂, DEBU).
 Etymology: The name lingulatum refers to the shape of flanges of sternite 5.
description: Published as part of Marshall, Stephen A. & Cui, Yongsheng, 2005, Systematics of Robustagramma, a new genus of New World Sphaeroceridae (Diptera), pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 1026 (1) on pages 22-23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1026.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049813
EFFECTS OF CONTRACT RAIL RATES ON LEVEL OF GRAIN BIDS AT COUNTRY ELEVATORS
Creators: name: Adam, Brian D.
name: Anderson, Dale G.
name: Adam, Brian D.
name: Anderson, Dale G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Agricultural Finance
Crop Production/Industries

description: An econometric model was used to compare grain bids at contracting and noncontracting elevators, before and after the Staggers Act became law. Passage of the Act was associated with a decrease in basis of 20 cents/bushel. Implied rail rates from contracting elevators were 12 cents below those without contracts.
Mean Field Approximations and Multipartite Thermal Correlations
Creators: name: Vedral, Vlatko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relationship between the mean-field approximations in various interacting models of statistical physics and measures of classical and quantum correlations is explored. We present a method that allows us to bound the total amount of correlations (and hence entanglement) in a physical system in thermal equilibrium at some temperature in terms of its free energy and internal energy. This method is first illustrated using two qubits interacting through the Heisenberg coupling, where entanglement and correlations can be computed exactly. It is then applied to the one dimensional Ising model in a transverse magnetic field, for which entanglement and correlations cannot be obtained by exact methods. We analyze the behavior of correlations in various regimes and identify critical regions, comparing them with already known results. Finally, we present a general discussion of the effects of entanglement on the macroscopic, thermodynamical features of solid-state systems. In particular, we exploit the fact that a $d$ dimensional quantum system in thermal equilibrium can be made to corresponds to a d+1 classical system in equilibrium to substitute all entanglement for classical correlations.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
Synthesis and receptor dependent 4D-QSAR studies of 4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives targeting cannabinoid receptor
Creators: name: Z.H. Hu
name: T.S. Zhao
name: H.Y. Liu
name: Q.X. Lin
name: G.G. Tu
name: B.W. Yang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Cannabinoid receptor has been shown to be overexpressed in various types of cancers, especially non-small cell lung cancer. As a result, it could be used as novel target for anticancer treatments. Because receptor-dependent 4D-QSAR generates conformational ensemble profiles of compounds by molecular dynamics simulations at the binding site of the enzyme, this work describes the synthesis, biological activity evaluation and 4D-QSAR studies of 4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives targeting cannabinoid receptor. Compared with WIN55,212–2, compound 5 f showed the best antiproliferative activity. The receptor-dependent 4D-QSAR model was generated by multiple linear regression method using QSARINS. Leave-n-out cross-validation and chemical applicability domain were performed to analyse the independent test set and to verify the robustness of the model. The best 4D-QSAR model showed the following statistics: r2 = 0.8487, Q2LOO = 0.7667, Q2LNO = 0.7524, and r2Pred = 0.8358.
FEEDER CATTLE FUTURES: AN ANALYSIS OF A MARKETING ALTERNATIVE FOR FEEDER CATTLE PRODUCERS
Creators: name: Jenkins, D.A.
name: Carver, R.D.
name: Menkaus, D.J.
name: Jenkins, D.A.
name: Carver, R.D.
name: Menkaus, D.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Livestock Production/Industries
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The objective of this study is to provide information to improve the results of feeder cattle hedging programs. On average, February through March is the most favorable time period to place a short feeder cattle hedge. A three-year simple average model provided the most accurate forecast of the basis. .,
Dark Matter and Torsion
Creators: name: Grensing, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superheavy right-handed Majorana neutrinos are proposed as a promising candidate for dark matter, with dynamical axial torsion as the mediating agent.
description: 10 pages hep-th, astro-ph.CO
The analysis of Abell 1835 using a deprojection technique
Creators: name: Jia, S. M.
name: Chen, Y.
name: Lu, F. J.
name: Chen, L.
name: Xiang, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results from a detailed deprojection analysis of Abell 1835 as observed by {\it XMM-Newton}. If we fit the spectra with an isothermal plasma model, the deprojected temperature profile is flat in the outer region around 7.6 keV and decreases to $\sim$ 5.6 keV in the center, which may be connected with the gas cooling. In the central part, a two-component thermal plasma model can fit the spectrum significantly better. Moreover, the cool component (T $\sim$ 1.8 keV) has a much lower metal abundance than the hot component (T $\sim$ 8 keV), which may be due to the longer cooling time for the cool gas with lower abundance. In addition, it was found that without a main isothermal component, the standard cooling flow model cannot fit the spectrum satisfactorily. From the isothermal model fitting results we also derived the electron density $n_e$, and fitted its radial distribution with a double-$β$ model. The $n_e$ profile inferred with the double-$β$ model and the deprojected X-ray gas temperature profile were then combined to derive the total mass and the total projected mass of the cluster. The projected mass is lower than that derived from the weak lensing method. However, assuming that the cluster extends to a larger radius $\sim15'$ as found by Clowe & Schneider (2002), the two results are consistent within the error bars. Furthermore, we calculated the projected mass within the radius of $\sim$ 153 kpc implied by the presence of a gravitational lensing arc, which is about half of the mass determined from the optical lensing.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for A&A
Robustagramma paralongiseta Cui and Marshall 2005, new species
Creators: name: Marshall, Stephen A.
name: Cui, Yongsheng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sphaeroceridae
Robustagramma
Robustagramma paralongiseta

description: Robustagramma paralongiseta Cui and Marshall, new species
(Figs. 25–28)
 As described for Robustagramma longiseta except as follows.
 Male: General color brownish yellow. Eye height ca. 2.2 times genal height. Halter knob pale. R 2+3 with (left wing) or without (right wing) a vein stump. Length of second costal sector ca. 0.42X length of third. Legs yellowish. Mid femur with 4 anterior bristles on distal third, and two irregular rows of 8 postventral bristles on basal third.
Male abdomen: Yellowish. Posteromedial protuberance of sternite 5 dull, with many small setulae. Apices of cerci slightly tapered in lateral view. Aegeagal apodeme small.
Female: Unknown.
Holotype (♂, DEBU): VENEZUELA: Aragua. Henri Pittier Natl. Pk., Rancho Grande Biol. Sta., v.1998, Ashe, Brooks & Hanley.
 Comment: This species is very close to Robustagramma longiseta, differing most obviously in the modifications of male sternite 5. In R. paralongiseta sternite 5 has a dull, setose posteromedial protuberance (shiny or smooth in R. longiseta).
description: Published as part of Marshall, Stephen A. & Cui, Yongsheng, 2005, Systematics of Robustagramma, a new genus of New World Sphaeroceridae (Diptera), pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 1026 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1026.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049813