cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Modeling of electron emission processes accompanying radon- α -decays within electrostatic spectrometers
Creators: name: Wandkowsky, N
name: Drexlin, G
name: Groh, S
name: Fränkle, F M
name: Mertens, S
name: Glück, F
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Electrostatic spectrometers utilized in high-resolution β-spectroscopy studies such as in the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment have to operate with a background level of less than 10−2 counts per second. This limit can be exceeded by even a small number of 219,220Rn atoms being emanated into the volume and undergoing α-decay there. In this paper we present a detailed model of the underlying background-generating processes via electron emission by internal conversion, shake-off and relaxation processes in the atomic shells of the 215,216Po daughters. The model yields electron energy spectra up to 400 keV and electron multiplicities of up to 20 which are compared to experimental data.
AdaPlus: Integrating Momentum and Precise Stepsize Adjustment on AdamW Basis
Creators: Lei Guan
Publisher: name: IEEE Signal Processing Society
Year: 2024

description: This paper proposes an efficient optimizer called AdaPlus which integrates Nesterov momentum and precise stepsize adjustment on AdamW basis. AdaPlus combines the advantages of AdamW, Nadam, and AdaBelief and, in particular, does not introduce any extra hyper-parameters. We perform extensive experimental evaluations on three machine learning tasks to validate the effectiveness of AdaPlus.
The experiment results validate that AdaPlus (i) among all the evaluated adaptive methods, performs most comparable with (even slightly better than) SGD with momentum on image classification tasks and (ii) outperforms
other state-of-the-art optimizers on language modeling tasks and illustrates pretty high stability when training GANs. The experiment code of AdaPlus will be accessible at: https://github.com/guanleics/AdaPlus.
Equilibration and Dynamic Phase Transitions of a Driven Vortex Lattice
Creators: name: Xiao, Z. L.
name: Andrei, E. Y.
name: Shuk, P.
name: Greenblat, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the observation of two types of current driven transitions in metastable vortex lattices. The metastable states, which are missed in usual slow transport measurements, are detected with a fast transport technique in the vortex lattice of undoped 2H-NbSe$_2$. The transitions are seen by following the evolution of these states when driven by a current. At low currents we observe an equilibration transition from a metastable to a stable state, followed by a dynamic crystallization transition at high currents.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Asymptotic development of an integral operator and boundedness of the criticality of potential centers
Creators: name: Rojas, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the asymptotic development at infinity of an integral operator. We use this development to give sufficient conditions in order to upper bound the number of critical periodic orbits that bifurcate from the outer boundary of the period function of planar potential centers. We apply the main results to two different families: the power-like potential family $\ddot x=x^p-x^q$, $p,q\in\mathbb{R}$, $p>q$; and the family of dehomogenized Loud's centers.
description: 33 pages,
Can Polymer Coils be modeled as "Soft Colloids"?
Creators: name: Louis, A. A.
name: Bolhuis, P. G.
name: Hansen, J. P.
name: Meijer, E. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We map dilute or semi-dilute solutions of non-intersecting polymer chains onto a fluid of ``soft'' particles interacting via a concentration dependent effective pair potential, by inverting the pair distribution function of the centers of mass of the initial polymer chains. A similar inversion is used to derive an effective wall-polymer potential; these potentials are combined to successfully reproduce the calculated exact depletion interaction induced by non-intersecting polymers between two walls. The mapping opens up the possibility of large-scale simulations of polymer solutions in complex geometries.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures ReVTeX[epsfig,multicol,amssymb] references updated
Rhagovelia excellentis Drake & Harris 1927
Creators: name: Kment, Petr
name: Kolínová, Zdislava
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Veliidae
Rhagovelia
Rhagovelia excellentis

description: Rhagovelia excellentis Drake & Harris, 1927
 Rhagovelia excellentis Drake & Harris, 1927: 134−135 (original description).
Two paratypes are deposited in NMPC:
PARATYPES (2 JJ apter.): ‘Dolores, Colo. / Aug. 15, 1925 / C. J. Drake // J [p] // PARATYPE [p] / Rhagovelia / excellentis / Drake + Harris [hw, red label]’.
 Current status. Junior synonym of Rhagovelia distincta Champion, 1898 (see GOULD 1931, SMITH 1988 a, POLHEMUS 1997, PADILLA- GIL & MOREIRA 2013).
description: Published as part of Kment, Petr & Kolínová, Zdislava, 2013, Catalogue of type specimens of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 821-890 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (2) on page 851, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5740731
Rhagovelia graindli Zettel 2012
Creators: name: Kment, Petr
name: Kolínová, Zdislava
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Veliidae
Rhagovelia
Rhagovelia graindli

description: Rhagovelia graindli Zettel, 2012
 Rhagovelia graindli Zettel, 2012c: 84, 89, 93–97, Figs 9–11, 32–33, 43 (original description).
Two paratypes are deposited in NMPC (exchange with Natural History Museum, Vienna): PARATYPE (J apter.): ‘ PHILIPPINEN: Mindanao / Lanao del Norte, W. Iligan / Tinago Falls, 13.11.1996 / leg. H. Zettel (95) [p] // J [p] // P A R A T Y P U S / Rhagovelia / graindli sp.n. / des. H. Zettel 2012 [p, red label]’. PARATYPE (♀ apter.): ‘ PHILIPPINEN: Mindanao / Lanao del Norte, W. Iligan / Tinago Falls, 13.11.1996 / leg. H. Zettel (95) [p] // ♀ [p] // P A R A T Y P U S / Rhagovelia / graindli sp.n. / des. H. Zettel 2012 [p, red label]’.
 Current status. Valid species.
description: Published as part of Kment, Petr & Kolínová, Zdislava, 2013, Catalogue of type specimens of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 821-890 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (2) on page 851, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5740731
Postia duplicata L. L. Shen, B. K. Cui & Y. C. Dai 2014, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Shen, Lu-Lu
name: Cui, Bao-Kai
name: Dai, Yu-Cheng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Basidiomycota
Agaricomycetes
Polyporales
Fomitopsidaceae
Postia
Postia duplicata

description: Postia duplicata L.L. Shen, B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–2)
MycoBank no.: MB 808217
Differs from other Postia species by basidiomata with duplex context, color change after bruising, presence of gloeocystidia in the hymenium, and cylindrical basidiospores which are 3.8–5.8 × 1.8–2.5 µm.
Type.— CHINA. Zhejiang Prov.: Qingyun County, Baishanzu Nat. Res., elev. 900 m, on rotten angiosperm wood, 14 August 2013, Dai 13411 (holotype, BJFC!; isotype, IFP!).
Etymology.— duplicata (Lat.), referring to two layers of context in the species.
Basidiomata.—Basidiomata annual, pileate, solitary, soft corky and watery when fresh, without odor or taste, becoming corky and light in weight when dry. Pileus flabelliform, projecting up to 3.5 cm, 6 cm wide, 1.6 cm thick at the base. Pileal surface white to cream when fresh, glabrous, becoming cinnamon to reddish brown when bruised or upon drying. Pore surface white when fresh, pale brownish to brown when bruised, becoming reddish brown upon drying; pores irregular, 3–4 per mm; dissepiments thin, entire. Sterile margin narrow, brown, up to 1 mm wide. Context duplex, an irregular black line present, the upper layer soft, grey to olivaceous buff, up to 5.5 mm thick; the lower layer dense, cream to buff, up to 4.5 mm thick. Tubes pale brown, fragile when dry, up to 6 mm long.
Hyphal structure. —Hyphal system monomitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections, IKI–, CB–; tissue unchanged in KOH.
Context. —Generative hyphae hyaline, slightly thick-walled to thick-walled with a wide lumen, frequently branched, loosely interwoven, 4.0–7.0 µm in diam.
Tubes. —Generative hyphae hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled with a wide lumen, occasionally branched, interwoven, 2.0–4.0 µm in diam. Gloeocystidia present in the hymenium, hyphoid to narrowly clavate, thin-walled, 26.0–34.0 × 2.0–3.0 µm; cystidioles abundant, fusoid, thin-walled, 21.0–29.0 × 4.5–5.5 µm, basidia clavate, with four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 20.0–28.0 × 4.0–5.0 µm; basidioles dominant, in shape similar to basidia, but distinctly smaller.
Spores. —Basidiospores cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, IKI–, CB–, (3.6–)3.8–5.8 × 1.8–2.5(–2.6) µm, L = 4.65 µm, W = 2.05 µm, Q = 2.28–2.41 (n = 60/2).
Additional specimen examined.— Postia duplicata: CHINA. Yunnan Prov.: Lanping County, Tongdian, Luoguqing, elev. 1700m, on stump of Pinus, 19 September 2011, Cui 10366 (paratype, BJFC!).
description: Published as part of Shen, Lu-Lu, Cui, Bao-Kai & Dai, Yu-Cheng, 2014, A new species of Postia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from China based on morphological and molecular evidence, pp. 147-156 in Phytotaxa 162 (3) on pages 149-150, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.162.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5132062
Studies Of The Polarization Of Gamma Photons Originating From The Decay of Positronium Atoms
Creators: name: Sharma, Sushil K.
name: Krawczyk, Nikodem
name: Raj, Juhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The precise measurements of the Compton scatterings of photons originating from the decay of positronium atoms can reveal information about their polarizations. J-PET detector is constructed of 192 plastic scintillators and is unique to study the scattering correlations of the annihilation photons with an angular precision of several degrees. In this work, we present the first experimental evidence showing the feasibility of measuring the photons relative polarization using the J-PET detector.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to be published in AIP Conference Proceedings
Nonlinear optical signatures of ultraviolet light-induced ring opening in α -terpinene
Creators: name: Montoni, Nicholas P
name: Moran, Andrew M
name: West, Brantley A
name: Molesky, Brian P
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Photoinduced electrocyclic ring opening reactions in conjugated cylcoalkenes are among the most elementary processes in organic chemistry. One prototypical ring opening reaction transforms cyclohexadiene into hexatriene. It is known that a sequence of sub-100 fs internal conversion transitions precedes bond breaking in cyclohexadiene and some of its derivatives. However, these excited state dynamics have never been directly monitored in solution because of insufficient time resolution. Here we aim to uncover the extraordinary photophysics behind related ultrafast internal conversion processes in a derivative of cyclohexadiene, α-terpinene (α-TP), solvated in cyclohexane. Transient absorption anisotropy experiments conducted with 20 fs laser pulses at 267 nm expose non-exponential depopulation kinetics for the ππ* electronic state of α-TP. Our data show that population transfer rapidly accelerates within the first 100 fs after photoexcitation. In addition, recurrences in two-dimensional photon echo (2DPE) line shapes reveal strong vibronic coupling in a normal mode near 523 cm−1, which involves torsions of the C=C bonds and hydrogen out-of-plane (HOOP) wagging on a vinyl group. With the support of several experiments, we hypothesize that the excited state wavepacket in α-TP undergoes several recurrences in the C=C stretching coordinate before displacement along the C=C torsion/vinyl HOOP coordinate finally sets it free from the Franck–Condon region of the potential energy surface. The unconfined wavepacket departs the ππ* electronic state by way of a conical intersection with a lower energy excited state. The present observations are made possible by recent improvements to both the time resolution and detection sensitivity of our experimental setup. This work demonstrates that it is now possible to acquire 2DPE signals in the deep ultraviolet, which are comparable with high-quality measurements in the visible spectral region. These technical developments open the door to studies of many beautiful models for elementary chemical dynamics.
Resilience of networks formed of interdependent modular networks
Creators: name: Shekhtman, Louis M
name: Shai, Saray
name: Havlin, Shlomo
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Many infrastructure networks have a modular structure and are also interdependent with other infrastructures. While significant research has explored the resilience of interdependent networks, there has been no analysis of the effects of modularity. Here we develop a theoretical framework for attacks on interdependent modular networks and support our results through simulations. We focus, for simplicity, on the case where each network has the same number of communities and the dependency links are restricted to be between pairs of communities of different networks. This is particularly realistic for modeling infrastructure across cities. Each city has its own infrastructures and different infrastructures are dependent only within the city. However, each infrastructure is connected within and between cities. For example, a power grid will connect many cities as will a communication network, yet a power station and communication tower that are interdependent will likely be in the same city. It has previously been shown that single networks are very susceptible to the failure of the interconnected nodes (between communities) (Shai et al 2014 arXiv:1404.4748) and that attacks on these nodes are even more crippling than attacks based on betweenness (da Cunha et al 2015 arXiv:1502.00353). In our example of cities these nodes have long range links which are more likely to fail. For both treelike and looplike interdependent modular networks we find distinct regimes depending on the number of modules, m. (i) In the case where there are fewer modules with strong intraconnections, the system first separates into modules in an abrupt first-order transition and then each module undergoes a second percolation transition. (ii) When there are more modules with many interconnections between them, the system undergoes a single transition. Overall, we find that modular structure can significantly influence the type of transitions observed in interdependent networks and should be considered in attempts to make interdependent networks more resilient.
A gauge invariant exact renormalization group II
Creators: name: Morris, Tim R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A manifestly gauge invariant and regularized renormalization group flow equation is constructed for pure SU(N) gauge theory in the large N limit. In this way we make precise and concrete the notion of a non-perturbative gauge invariant continuum Wilsonian effective action. Manifestly gauge invariant calculations may be performed, without gauge fixing, and receive a natural interpretation in terms of fluctuating Wilson loops. Regularization is achieved by covariant higher derivatives and by embedding in a spontaneously broken SU(N|N) supergauge theory; the resulting heavy fermionic vectors are Pauli-Villars fields. We prove the finiteness of this method to one loop and any number of external gauge fields. A duality is uncovered that changes the sign of the squared coupling constant. As a test of the basic formalism we compute the one loop beta function, for the first time without any gauge fixing, and prove its universality with respect to cutoff function.
description: TeX, harvmac, epsf; 73 pages, 25 figs; several clarifying sentences added
LA EXPLOTACIÓN MASIVA DE LAS MATERIAS PRIMAS EN EL ECUADOR Y SUS GANANCIAS ECONÓMICAS (PERÍODOS 2008-2018).pdf
Creators: name: Peredo, Fernando
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 140201 Agricultural Economics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 149902 Ecological Economics

description: En el siguiente trabajo tipo ensayo se denota una manera generalizada de las perspectivas y las decisiones de producción que los sectores de la materia prima y sus ventajas económicas para el País; Todo esto se relacionó con el impacto ambiental que se ha desarrollado en el Ecuador y en el análisis de la manera en que se derivan las decisiones de explotación hacia los recursos naturales del ecuador y las materias primas que han sido óptimas para la nación en el período de 2008 al 2018.
Expression determinants of mammalian argonaute proteins in mediating gene silencing
Creators: name: Sethupathy, Praveen
name: Grimm, Dirk
name: Schüermann, Nina
name: Kay, Mark A.
name: Valdmanis, Paul N.
name: Gu, Shuo
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: RNA interference occurs by two main processes: mRNA site-specific cleavage and non-cleavage-based mRNA degradation or translational repression. Site-specific cleavage is carried out by argonaute-2 (Ago2), while all four mammalian argonaute proteins (Ago1–Ago4) can carry out non-cleavage-mediated inhibition, suggesting that Ago1, Ago3 and Ago4 may have similar but potentially redundant functions. It has been observed that in mammalian tissues, expression of Ago3 and Ago4 is dramatically lower compared with Ago1; however, an optimization of the Ago3 and Ago4 coding sequences to include only the most common codon at each amino acid position was able to augment the expression of Ago3 and Ago4 to levels comparable to that of Ago1 and Ago2. Thus, we examined whether particular sequence features exist in the coding region of Ago3 and Ago4 that may prevent a high level of expression. Swapping specific sub-regions of wild-type and optimized Ago sequence identified the portion of the coding region (nucleotides 1–1163 for Ago-3 and 1–1494 for Ago-4) that is most influential for expression. This finding has implications for the evolutionary conservation of Ago proteins in the mammalian lineage and the biological role that potentially redundant Ago proteins may have.
Rhagovelia hovana Hoberlandt 1941
Creators: name: Kment, Petr
name: Kolínová, Zdislava
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Veliidae
Rhagovelia
Rhagovelia hovana

description: Rhagovelia hovana Hoberlandt, 1941
 Rhagovelia hovana Hoberlandt, 1941a: 72–73, Figs 7–8 (original description).
The holotype and 8 paratypes (including the allotype) are deposited in NMPC:
HOLOTYPE (J apter.): ‘Vohémar / Madagascar [p] // Holotypus [p, red label with black margins] // Rhagovelia / hovana n. sp. J [hw] / L. Hoberlandt det. [p]’. (The specimen is card-mounted; both antennae, all legs on the right side, and pygophore dissected, mounted on four separate slides stored in Slide Box 3).
PARATYPES (3 JJ apter.): ‘Vohémar / Madagascar [p] // Paratypus [p, red label with black margins] // Rhagovelia / hovana n. sp. J [hw] / L. Hoberlandt det. [p]’.
PARATYPE (♀ apter.): ‘Vohémar / Madagascar [p] // Allotypus [p, red label with black margins] // Rhagovelia / hovana n. sp. ♀ [hw] / L. Hoberlandt det. [p]’. (The specimen is card-mounted; left antenna and all middle and hind legs missing. The antenna and one middle and one hind leg mounted on a separate slide stored in Slide Box 3).
PARATYPES (3 ♀♀ apter.): ‘Vohémar / Madagascar [p] // Paratypus [p, red label with black margins] // Rhagovelia / hovana n. sp. ♀ [hw] / L. Hoberlandt det. [p]’.
PARATYPE (♀): ‘ Madagascar / Env. de Rogez [p] // Paratypus [p, red label with black margins] // Rhagovelia / hovana n. sp. ♀ [hw] / L. Hoberlandt det. [p]’.
 Current status. Valid species (see HOBERLANDT 1951 c, POISSON 1963).
description: Published as part of Kment, Petr & Kolínová, Zdislava, 2013, Catalogue of type specimens of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 821-890 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (2) on pages 851-852, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5740731
Additional file 6 of MiR-612 regulates invadopodia of hepatocellular carcinoma by HADHA-mediated lipid reprogramming
Creators: name: Liu, Yang
name: Lu, Li-Li
name: Wen, Duo
name: Liu, Dong-Li
name: Dong, Li-Li
name: Gao, Dong-Mei
name: Bian, Xin-Yu
name: Zhou, Jian
name: Fan, Jia
name: Wu, Wei-Zhong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Cancer
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6. Other materials and methods.
The Kronig-Penney-Ising picture of the colossal magnetoresistance
Creators: name: Vandewalle, N.
name: Ausloos, M.
name: Cloots, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From general arguments, it is shown that a magnetic Kronig-Penney model based on the thermodynamics of an Ising model can be used for describing the Colossal Magnetoresistance (CMR) phenomenon. The model considers a tunneling-like transmission process of hopping electrons through a dynamic lattice characterized by evolving magnetic clusters. In this model, correlations between the magnetic states are considered to be more relevant than the lattice strain effects for obtaining the CMR features. Physical arguments lead to the theoretical description of the intrinsic temperature and field dependences of the CMR observed in typical manganite materials.
description: REVTEX (epsf.sty), 5 PS figures; submitted to Phys. Rev. B
All-electron fully relativistic Kohn-Sham theory for solids based on the Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian and Gaussian-type functions
Creators: name: Kadek, Marius
name: Repisky, Michal
name: Ruud, Kenneth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first full-potential method that solves the fully relativistic 4-component Dirac-Kohn-Sham equation for materials in the solid state within the framework of atom-centered Gaussian-type orbitals (GTOs). Our GTO-based method treats one-, two-, and three-dimensional periodic systems on an equal footing, and allows for a seamless transition to the methodology commonly used in studies of molecules with heavy elements. The scalar relativistic effects and spin-orbit interaction are handled variationally. The full description of the electron-nuclear potential in the core region of heavy nuclei is straightforward due to the local nature of the GTOs and does not pose any computational difficulties. We show how the time-reversal symmetry and a quaternion algebra-based formalism can be exploited to significantly reduce the increased methodological complexity and computational cost associated with multiple wave-function components coupled by the spin-orbit interaction. We provide a description of how to employ the matrix form of the multipole expansion and an iterative renormalization procedure to evaluate the conditionally convergent lattice sums arising for periodic systems. We investigate the problem of inverse variational collapse that arises if the Dirac operator containing a repulsive periodic potential is expressed in a basis containing diffuse functions, and suggest a possible solution. We demonstrate the validity of the method on silver halide crystals with large relativistic effects, and two-dimensional honeycomb structures (silicene and germanene) exhibiting the spin-orbit-driven quantum spin Hall effect. Our results are well-converged with respect to the basis limit using standard bases developed for molecular calculations, and indicate that the rule of removing basis functions with small exponents should not be applied when transferring the molecular basis to solids.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures
Hypo-Articulation of the Four-Way Voicing Contrast in Nepali Infant-Directed Speech
Creators: name: Benders, Titia
name: Sujal Pokharel
name: Demuth, Katherine
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Hyper-articulation of vowel and consonant contrasts is often reported in infant-directed speech (IDS), but is not universal cross-linguistically, and may be a side-effect of speaking rate. This study investigated the voicing characteristics of the four-way oral stop voicing contrast in Nepali IDS. Both lead and lag time of word-onset/ɡ, ɡʱ, k, kʱ/were measured in the IDS and adult-directed speech (ADS) of 16 Nepali-speaking mothers. The lower prevalence of contrastive prevoicing and shorter lead times in IDS compared to ADS indicate hypo-articulated voicing contrasts. Shorter overall lag times in IDS suggest that stop consonants are less salient in IDS compared to ADS. These results cannot be explained as a side-effect of speaking rate, but rather suggest an increased salience for vowels compared to consonants within the IDS syllable. The implications for the acquisition of voicing contrasts are discussed.
Determination of protein structural ensembles using cryo-electron microscopy
Creators: name: Bonomi, Massimiliano
name: Vendruscolo, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Achieving a comprehensive understanding of the behaviour of proteins is greatly facilitated by the knowledge of their structures, thermodynamics and dynamics. All this information can be provided in an effective manner in terms of structural ensembles. A structural ensemble can be obtained by determining the structures, populations and interconversion rates for all the main states that a protein can occupy. To achieve this goal, integrative methods that combine experimental and computational approaches provide powerful tools. Here we focus on cryo-electron microscopy, which has become over recent years an invaluable resource to bridge the gap from order to disorder in structural biology. In this review, we provide a perspective of the current challenges and opportunities in determining protein structural ensembles using integrative approaches that can combine cryo-electron microscopy data with other available sources of information, along with an overview of the tools available to the community.
description: 22 pages, 3 figures
Gell-Mann - Low Function in the Phi^4 Theory
Creators: name: Suslov, I. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An algorithm is proposed for the determination of the asymptotics of a sum of a perturbation series from the given values of its coefficients in the strong-coupling limit. When applied to the Φ^4 theory, the algorithm yields the β(g)\propto g^αbehavior with α\approx 1 at large g for the Gell-Mann - Low function.
description: 5 pages, PDF
Simulation and inference algorithms for stochastic biochemical reaction networks: from basic concepts to state-of-the-art
Creators: name: Warne, David J.
name: Baker, Ruth E.
name: Simpson, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Stochasticity is a key characteristic of intracellular processes such as gene regulation and chemical signalling. Therefore, characterising stochastic effects in biochemical systems is essential to understand the complex dynamics of living things. Mathematical idealisations of biochemically reacting systems must be able to capture stochastic phenomena. While robust theory exists to describe such stochastic models, the computational challenges in exploring these models can be a significant burden in practice since realistic models are analytically intractable. Determining the expected behaviour and variability of a stochastic biochemical reaction network requires many probabilistic simulations of its evolution. Using a biochemical reaction network model to assist in the interpretation of time course data from a biological experiment is an even greater challenge due to the intractability of the likelihood function for determining observation probabilities. These computational challenges have been subjects of active research for over four decades. In this review, we present an accessible discussion of the major historical developments and state-of-the-art computational techniques relevant to simulation and inference problems for stochastic biochemical reaction network models. Detailed algorithms for particularly important methods are described and complemented with MATLAB implementations. As a result, this review provides a practical and accessible introduction to computational methods for stochastic models within the life sciences community.
Inferences on the Timeline of Reionization at z~8 From the KMOS Lens-Amplified Spectroscopic Survey
Creators: name: Mason, Charlotte A.
name: Fontana, Adriano
name: Treu, Tommaso
name: Schmidt, Kasper B.
name: Hoag, Austin
name: Abramson, Louis
name: Amorin, Ricardo
name: Bradac, Marusa
name: Guaita, Lucia
name: Jones, Tucker
name: Henry, Alaina
name: Malkan, Matthew A.
name: Pentericci, Laura
name: Trenti, Michele
name: Vanzella, Eros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detections and non-detections of Lyman alpha (Ly$α$) emission from $z>6$ galaxies ($<1$ Gyr after the Big Bang) can be used to measure the timeline of cosmic reionization. Of key interest to measuring reionization's mid-stages, but also increasing observational challenge, are observations at z > 7, where Ly$α$ redshifts to near infra-red wavelengths. Here we present a search for z > 7.2 Ly$α$ emission in 53 intrinsically faint Lyman Break Galaxy candidates, gravitationally lensed by massive galaxy clusters, in the KMOS Lens-Amplified Spectroscopic Survey (KLASS). With integration times of ~7-10 hours, we detect no Ly$α$ emission with S/N>5 in our sample. We determine our observations to be 80% complete for 5$σ$ spatially and spectrally unresolved emission lines with integrated line flux $>5.7\times10^{-18}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$. We define a photometrically selected sub-sample of 29 targets at $z=7.9\pm0.6$, with a median 5$σ$ Ly$α$ EW limit of 58A. We perform a Bayesian inference of the average intergalactic medium (IGM) neutral hydrogen fraction using their spectra. Our inference accounts for the wavelength sensitivity and incomplete redshift coverage of our observations, and the photometric redshift probability distribution of each target. These observations, combined with samples from the literature, enable us to place a lower limit on the average IGM neutral hydrogen fraction of $> 0.76 \; (68\%), \; > 0.46 \; (95\%)$ at z ~ 8, providing further evidence of rapid reionization at z~6-8. We show that this is consistent with reionization history models extending the galaxy luminosity function to $M_\textrm{UV} \lesssim -12$, with low ionizing photon escape fractions, $f_\textrm{esc} \lesssim 15\%$.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Rhagovelia impensa Bacon 1956
Creators: name: Kment, Petr
name: Kolínová, Zdislava
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Veliidae
Rhagovelia
Rhagovelia impensa

description: Rhagovelia impensa Bacon, 1956
 Rhagovelia impensa Bacon, 1956: 817, 827–829, Pl. 6: Fig. 8 (original description, key).
Two paratypes are deposited in NMPC:
PARATYPE (J apter.): ‘ Peru S. A. / Lagunas Villa / Dept. Lima / Je. 8 to Ju. 1-34 [p] // Collected by / F. Woytkowski [p] // P A R A T Y P E / Rhagovelia [p] / impensa [hw] / John A. Bacon [p, blue label] // Ragovelia / impensa / Bacon [hw] / Det H. B. Hungerford [p, white label with black frame submarginally] // J [p]’.
PARATYPE (J apter.): ‘ Peru S. A. / Lagunas Villa / Dept. Lima / Je. 8 to Ju. 1-34 [p] // Collected by / F. Woytkowski [p] // J [p] // P A R A T Y P E / Rhagovelia [p] / impensa [hw] / John A. Bacon [p, blue label]’.
 Current status. Valid species (see POLHEMUS 1997, HECKMAN 2011, PADILLA- GIL & MOREIRA 2013).
description: Published as part of Kment, Petr & Kolínová, Zdislava, 2013, Catalogue of type specimens of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 821-890 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (2) on page 852, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5740731
Density Functional Theory of Magnetic Systems Revisited
Creators: name: Eschrig, H.
name: Pickett, W. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hohenberg-Kohn theorem of density functional theory (DFT) for the case of electrons interacting with an external magnetic field (that couples to spin only) is examined in more detail than previously. A unexpected generalization is obtained: in certain cases (which include half metallic ferromagnets and magnetic insulators) the ground state, and hence the spin density matrix, is invariant for some non-zero range of a shift in uniform magnetic field. In such cases the ground state energy is not a functional of the spin density matrix alone. The energy gap in an insulator or a half metal is shown to be a ground state property of the N-electron system in magnetic DFT.
description: Four pages, one figure. Submitted for publication, April 13, 2000 Revised, Sept 27, 2000
Rhagovelia madagascariensis Hoberlandt 1941
Creators: name: Kment, Petr
name: Kolínová, Zdislava
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Veliidae
Rhagovelia
Rhagovelia madagascariensis

description: Rhagovelia madagascariensis Hoberlandt, 1941
 Rhagovelia madagascariensis Hoberlandt, 1941a: 71–72, Figs 5–6 (original description).
The holotype and 18 paratypes (including the allotype) are deposited in NMPC:
HOLOTYPE (J apter.): ‘Vohémar / Madagascar [p] // Holotypus [p, red label with black margins] // Rhagovelia / madagascariensis / n. sp. J [hw] / L. Hoberlandt det. [p]’. (The specimen is card-mounted; antenna and all legs on left side missing. Pygophore dissected, male genitalia mounted on four separate slides deposited in Slide Box 3).
PARATYPES (5 JJ apter.): ‘Vohémar / Madagascar [p] // Paratypus [p, red label with black margins] // Rhagovelia / madagascariensis / n. sp. J [hw] / L. Hoberlandt det. [p]’.
PARATYPE (♀ apter.): ‘Vohémar / Madagascar [p] // Allotypus [p, red label with black margins] // Rhagovelia / madagascariensis / n. sp. ♀ [hw] / L. Hoberlandt det. [p]’. (The specimen is card-mounted; left antenna and all legs on left side dissected and mounted on a separate slide deposited in Slide Box 3).
PARATYPES (12 ♀♀ apter.): ‘Vohémar / Madagascar [p] // Paratypus [p, red label with black margins] // Rhagovelia / madagascariensis / n. sp. ♀ [hw] / L. Hoberlandt det. [p]’.
 Note. Collection also includes seven slides containing various body parts originating from paratypes (Slide Box 3).
 Current status. Valid species (see HOBERLANDT 1951 c, POISSON 1963).
description: Published as part of Kment, Petr & Kolínová, Zdislava, 2013, Catalogue of type specimens of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 821-890 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (2) on pages 852-853, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5740731
The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI): Information for academic nursing
Creators: name: Newhouse, Robin
name: Barksdale, Debra J.
name: Miller, Julie Ann
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: AbstractAs part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, the U.S. Congress created the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). Its goal is to fund research that will assist patients, caregivers, clinicians, and others in making informed health decisions. Because nurses play a critical role in engaging patients in health care, they are valued participants in setting the institute's agenda and carrying out its programs. In this article, we provide an overview of PCORI and describe how nurses can participate in institute activities and apply for research grants.
Electronic Density of States of Atomically Resolved Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Van Hove Singularities and End States
Creators: name: Kim, Philip
name: Odom, Teri W.
name: Huang, Jin-Lin
name: Lieber, Charles M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic density of states of atomically resolved single-walled carbon nanotubes have been investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy. Peaks in the density of states due to the one-dimensional nanotube band structure have been characterized and compared with the results of tight-binding calculations. In addition, tunneling spectroscopy measurements recorded along the axis of an atomically-resolved nanotube exhibit new, low-energy peaks in the density of states near the tube end. Calculations suggest that these features arise from the specific arrangement of carbon atoms that close the nanotube end.
description: 4 pages including 4 eps figures, to apear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Rhagovelia heissi Zettel & Bongo 2006
Creators: name: Kment, Petr
name: Kolínová, Zdislava
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Veliidae
Rhagovelia
Rhagovelia heissi

description: Rhagovelia heissi Zettel & Bongo, 2006
 Rhagovelia heissi Zettel & Bongo, 2006: 737–741, Figs 1 –10 (original description).
Two paratypes are deposited in NMPC (exchange with Natural History Museum, Vienna):
PARATYPES (2 JJ apter.): ‘ Philippines: Cebu, Boljoon / (Pobl.), river at Lusapon / Bridge, freshwater, 5. 12. / 2005, leg. H. Zettel (437) [p] // J [p] // Paratypus / Rhagovelia / heissi sp.n., des. / Zettel & Bongo 2005 [p, red label]’. (Both paratypes are mounted on triangular cards and attached to the same pin with two locality labels).
 Current status. Valid species.
description: Published as part of Kment, Petr & Kolínová, Zdislava, 2013, Catalogue of type specimens of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 821-890 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (2) on page 851, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5740731
Rhagovelia madari Hoberlandt 1941
Creators: name: Kment, Petr
name: Kolínová, Zdislava
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Veliidae
Rhagovelia
Rhagovelia madari

description: Rhagovelia madari Hoberlandt, 1941
 Rhagovelia madari Hoberlandt, 1941: 69–70, Figs 3–4, 14 (original description).
The holotype and 3 paratypes are deposited in NMPC:
HOLOTYPE (J apter.): ‘Vohémar / Madagascar [p] // Holotypus [p, red label with black margins] // Rhagovelia / madari n. sp. J [hw] / L. Hoberlandt det. [p]’. (The specimen is card-mounted; left antenna, all legs on left side, and fore and middle tibia and tarsus on right side, and pygophore dissected, mounted on four separate slides deposited in Slide Box 3).
PARATYPES (2 JJ apter.): ‘Vohémar / Madagascar [p] // Paratypus [p, red label with black margins] // Rhagovelia / madari n. sp. J [hw] / L. Hoberlandt det. [p]’.
PARATYPE (J apter.): ‘ Madagascar / Env. de Rogez [p] // Paratypus [p, red label with black margins] // Rhagovelia / madari n. sp. J [hw] / L. Hoberlandt det. [p]’.
 Current status. Valid species (see HOBERLANDT 1951c).
description: Published as part of Kment, Petr & Kolínová, Zdislava, 2013, Catalogue of type specimens of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 821-890 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (2) on page 853, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5740731
Rhagovelia mindoroensis Zettel 1994
Creators: name: Kment, Petr
name: Kolínová, Zdislava
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Veliidae
Rhagovelia
Rhagovelia mindoroensis

description: Rhagovelia mindoroensis Zettel, 1994
 Rhagovelia mindoroensis Zettel, 1994: 226–227, 229–230, 232–233, Figs 1 –5, 9–10, 13, 15 (original description).
Two paratypes are deposited in NMPC (exchange with Natural History Museum, Vienna):
PARATYPE (J apter.): ‘ PHILIPPINEN: Mindoro or. / Tamaraw Beach, Talipanan / River, W Puerto Galera / leg. H.ZETTEL (19) [p] // 30.11.1992 [p] // J [p] // P A R A T Y P U S / Rhagovelia / mindoroensis sp. n. / des. H.Zettel 1993 [p, red label]’.
PARATYPE (♀ apter.): ‘ PHILIPPINEN: Mindoro or. / Tamaraw Beach, Talipanan / River, W Puerto Galera / leg. H.ZETTEL (19) [p] // 30.11.1992 [p] // ♀ [p] // P A R A T Y P U S / Rhagovelia / mindoroensis sp. n. / des. H.Zettel 1993 [p, red label]’.
 Current status. Valid species (see ZETTEL 1996, CHEN et al. 2005).
description: Published as part of Kment, Petr & Kolínová, Zdislava, 2013, Catalogue of type specimens of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 821-890 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (2) on page 853, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5740731
Field-dependent quantum nucleation of antiferromagnetic bubbles
Creators: name: Lu, Rong
name: Zhou, Yi
name: Zhu, Jia-Lin
name: Gu, Bing-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phenomenon of quantum nucleation is studied in a nanometer-scale antiferromagnet with biaxial symmetry in the presence of a magnetic field at an arbitrary angle. Within the instanton approach, we calculate the dependence of the rate of quantum nucleation and the crossover temperature on the orientation and strength of the field for bulk solids and two-dimensional films of antiferromagnets, respectively. Our results show that the rate of quantum nucleation and the crossover temperature from thermal-to-quantum transitions depend on the orientation and strength of the field distinctly, which can be tested with the use of existing experimental techniques.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures, Final version and accepted by Eur. Phys. JB
Anaerobic digestion of bean straw applying a fungal pre-treatment and using cow manure as co-substrate
Creators: name: Gomez, Denys Kristalia Villa
name: Castañeda, Patricia Becerra
name: Rosales, Jose De Jesus Montoya
name: Rodríguez, Luis Mario González
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: The significant amounts of agriculture residues such as bean straw (BS) in rural areas, advises its valorisation for energy recovery. The feasibility of using BS for biogas production through anaerobic digestion was assessed. Prior to this, a fungal pre-treatment to hydrolyse BS with Pleutorus ostreatus was studied at 30 °C and 100 rpm in orbital incubators with 1, 10 and 30 mg fungus/g straw for 14, 21 and 28 days. Then, anaerobic digestion experiments were performed in batch with cow manure (CM) as co-substrate and pre-treated BS at ratios (g/g total solids) of 1/2, 1/3, 1/5 and 0/1. Maximum lignin (18%) and hemicellulose (44%) degradation occurred at 30 mg fungus/g straw and 28 days, along with the highest total methane yield (38 mL CH4/g VS loaded). The total amount of methane decreased when increasing CM in the experiments (701.4-191.5 mL CH4), suggesting inhibition owed to a component of CM. Self-sustained biogas production of BS occurred due to the presence of bacteria (i.e. Bacilli and Bacteroidia) and archea (i.e. Methanobacteria and Methanomicrobia). However, the usage of a full-active inoculum should be studied for higher biogas production rates.
Challenges, insights and perspectives associated with using social-ecological science for marine conservation
Creators: name: Claudet, Joachim
name: Cooley, Sarah
name: Leenhardt, Pierre
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Here, we synthesize conceptual frameworks, applied modeling approaches, and as case studies to highlight complex social-ecological system (SES) dynamics that inform environmental policy, conservati ...
Phase diagram of a Heisenberg spin-Peierls model with quantum phonons
Creators: name: Bursill, Robert J.
name: McKenzie, Ross H.
name: Hamer, Chris J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a new version of the density-matrix renormalization group we determine the phase diagram of a model of an antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin chain where the spins interact with quantum phonons. A quantum phase transition from a gapless spin-fluid state to a gapped dimerized phase occurs at a non-zero value of the spin-phonon coupling. The transition is in the same universality class as that of a frustrated spin chain, which the model maps to in the anti-adiabatic limit. We argue that realistic modeling of known spin-Peierls materials should include the effects of quantum phonons.
description: RevTeX, 5 pages, 3 eps figures included using epsf. Improved theories in adiabatic and non-adiabatic regimes give better agreement with DMRG. This version accepted in Physical Review Letters