Homalopoda rehdera Noyes 2023, sp.nov.
Creators: name: Noyes, John Stuart
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Encyrtidae
Homalopoda
Homalopoda rehdera

description: Homalopoda rehdera sp.nov.   
(Figs 96-99; Hab. E 16)  
 DIAGNOSIS. Female (length about 0.8-2.3mm): scape dark brown; flagellum dark brown; fore femur and tibia dark brown, apex orange, mid femur apex dark brown, orange apically, tibia dark brown, apex orange; fore wing (Fig. 98) with paired apical hyaline spots; paired hyaline spots at apex of venation separated by about 2X length of marginal vein; a well-defined hyaline spot present in middle of wing below marginal vein; head about 2.5-5X as wide as frontovertex; occipital margin with a scale-like seta behind posterior ocellus; mandible with 1 tooth and a broad truncation; a line of silvery setae adjacent to eye above scrobe; scape about 3.8X as long as broad; funicle (Fig. 96) segments subcylindrical, F2 transverse to quadrate, remaining segments quadrate to hardly longer than broad, linear sensilla present on only F2-F4; pedicel and flagellum combined shorter than head width; apex of scutellum with two pairs of scale-like setae; costal cell of fore wing ventrally with 2 lines of setae proximally, a single line of setae in distal half; postmarginal vein much shorter than stigmal vein (Fig. 97); linea calva interrupted by 3 or 4 setae; hind tibia without a subbasal constriction. Male: unknown.   
 Female ( holotype ): length, including ovipositor, 1.58mm; excluding ovipositor, 1.40mm (CPD).   
Head dark brown to black with a distinct metallic lustre; frontovertex generally metallic dark blue, mixed with blue-green, green and brassy; a violet stripe across frontovertex about midway between anterior ocellus and top of scrobes; scrobal area metallic dark green with some weak brassy, purple and coppery reflections; area between eye and scrobe metallic dark green and dark blue; upper temple metallic dark blue, a broad, coppery purple stripe across temple from lowest part of eye; gena metallic dark blue mixed dark green; mouth margin dark orange-brown with a weak brassy sheen; frontovertex with a few, fairly conspicuous, scattered, brown setae; a line of fairly conspicuous, translucent silvery setae between eye and scrobe to position of malar sulcus; gena and interantennal prominence with a few scattered, moderately conspicuous, translucent, pale brown setae; maxillary palpus pale orange-brown; radicle pale orange, with a dark brown apical ring; scape, pedicel and flagellum dark brown; thorax dark brown to black with a metallic lustre; pronotum mainly with dark blue sheen, mixed violet; mesoscutum mostly metallic, dark blue with some violet and coppery purple reflections, coppery purple along posterior margin; tegula dark brown with a weak purple and brassy sheen; axilla with a relatively dull, mixed coppery purple and brassy sheen; scutellum relatively dull, dark, metallic blue, mixed coppery purple, side and apex shining dark blue and blue-green; mesopleuron generally with a weak coppery purple and dark blue sheen; all coxae brown; fore femur dark brown, tibia dark brown with apical 0.3X pale orange, tarsus dusky pale orange with apical tarsomere dark brown; mid femur dark brown with extreme base pale orange and a small pale orange spot apically on dorsal margin, tibia with proximal 0.6X or so dark brown and apex pale orange, spur and tarsus very pale orange; hind femur and tibia dark brown with extreme apex of tibia pale yellow dorsally, tarsus white; fore wing with a pattern of hyaline and infuscate areas as in Fig. 98; propodeum dark brown with a weak brassy and purple sheen, side metallic dark blue, mixed with some violet; gaster dark purple-brown, dorsally with a coppery purple sheen, Gt1 with a weak dark metallic blue, violet and coppery sheen, side and venter with coppery, blue, brassy and green reflections; gonostylus dark brown.  
Head about 5.3X as wide as frontovertex, in profile about 1.5X as high as deep, tangent to frontovertex forming an angle of about 60° with that of face; occipital margin sharp, weakly carinate, clearly emarginate medially, with a conspicuous, long scale-like seta present behind each posterior ocellus, each of which is about as long as width of frontovertex across posterior ocelli; a small, indistinct, oval depression adjacent to eye near occipital margin; ocelli forming an angle of about 85°; frontovertex shiny, ocellar area with relatively deep, fine, polygonally reticulate sculpture of mesh size slightly smaller than eye facet, area immediately in front of anterior ocellus with similar sculpture, but area above top of scrobes quite smooth; a shallow groove present between eye and scrobe, this extending laterally a little way on to temple; temple and gena with relatively shallow, longitudinally elongate, fine polygonally reticulate sculpture; top of scrobes with shallow, regular, polygonally reticulate sculpture, below this with conspicuously shallower sculpture; interantennal prominence and mouth margin with shallow, polygonally reticulate sculpture; antenna as in Fig. 96; scape slightly broadened and flattened, about 3.8X as long as broad; F1, F3-F4 hardly longer than broad, F2 quadrate; clava about as long as pedicel and funicle combined, sutures parallel, sensory area small, at apex only giving it a rounded appearance; eye slightly overreaching occipital margin, naked; inner eye margins strongly converging anteriorly so that narrowest part of frontovertex is just above scrobes; clypeal margin medially weakly concave. Relative measurements: HW 74.5, HH 56, FV 14, POL 10, OOL 1, OCL 9, AOL 7, EL 28, EW 42, MS 31, SL 34, SW 9.  
Thorax with visible part of mesoscutum about 1.6X as broad as long; scutellum about 1.6X as broad as long, apex with two pairs of flattened, scale-like setae, inner pair much broader and larger, each about 1.3X as long as scutellum, outer pair more slender, slightly curved and about as long as scutellum; hind femur about 3.8X as long as broad; fore wing with venation and setation as in Figs 97, 98; costal cell with 7 dorsal setae at apex; propodeum medially about 0.1X as long as scutellum. Relative measurements: FWL 71, FWW 29; HWL 50, HWW 14.  
Gaster with hypopygium reaching about 0.75X towards apex; syntergum about 0.75X as long as mid tibia, with apex truncate; ovipositor exserted, the exserted part about 0.8X length of mid tibial spur or about 0.35X mid tibia.  
Paratype. Mandible with one tooth and a broad truncation, truncate part more or less with three very short teeth; funicle with linear sensilla present only on F2-F4; linea calva interrupted by 4 or 5 setae; hypopygium as in Fig, 99; second valvifer with 3 subapical setae. Relative measurements: OL 84, GL 18.5 [MT 73].  
Variation. Females vary in overall length from 0.76-2.32mm, the smallest specimens may have the head dark brown and hardly metallic, and lacking any violet areas, the head may be only about 2.6X as wide as the frontovertex, with the inner eye margins hardly converging anteriorly and the funicle segments may be relatively short, with F2 transverse and F1 and F3 quadrate.  
Male. Unknown.  
DISTRIBUTION. Costa Rica.  
HOSTS. Unknown.  
MATERIAL EXAMINED.  
 Type material. Holotype E: COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, Est. Maritza (ACG), 10°58’N 85°29’W, 700m, 23.ii.2003 (J.S. Noyes). Paratypes: COSTA RICA, 1E, Guanacaste, Santa Rosa NP, Hacienda 1-0, 11.v-1. vi.1985 (Janzen, Gauld); 1E, Guanacaste, Guanacaste NP, Derrumbé Vn Cacao, 1300m, iv-v.1988 (Gauld, Janzen); 1E, Guanacaste, Guanacaste NP (error for Santa Rosa NP), near HQ, MT/YPT, 2-10.iii.1990 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Guanacaste, Est. Pitilla (ACG) 700m, 10°59’N 85°25’W, 4-7.i.2001 (C. Moraga, P.N. Thomas); 1E, Guanacaste, Maritza (ACG), 700m, MT/YPT, 20.i-24.ii.1996 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Alajuela, RF Arenal, Send. Pilón, LN 269200 457900, 600m, #55399, 22.xii.1999 - 15.i.2000 (G. Carballo); 1E, Alajuela, Upala, Alb. Heliconias, Send. Laguna Danto, LN 423760 298100, 1150m, #60662, 24.ix-24.x.2000 (J.D. Gutiérrez); 1E, Alajuela, Res. Priv. Selva Verde, 10°27’N 84°04’W, 75m, 13.iii.2005 (C. Hansson); 1E, Heredia, La Selva BS, 59m, MT/YPT, ii.1991 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Heredia, OTS-La Selva, 10°26’N 84°01’W, iii-iv.1993 (ALAS); 1E, Heredia, OTS La Selva, 100m, canopy fog Sacoglotis, FOT/14, 8.xi.1993 (INBio / OET); 1E, Heredia, OTS-La Selva, FK 19, 8.x.1994 (ALAS); 1E, Heredia, OTS-La Selva, FVK 24, 15.x.1994 (ALAS); 1E, Heredia, Est. Biol. La Selva, 10°24’N 84°01’W, 50-150m, canopy fog Eugenia sp., FOT/76/1- 40, 5.i.2000 (INBio / OET); 1E, Heredia, Est. Biol. La Selva, 10°26’N 84°01’W, ii.2002 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Heredia, Estacion Biologica. La Selva, 10°26’N 84°01’W, 75m, 1-2.iii.2007 (J.S. Noyes); 2E, Heredia, Est. Biol. La Selva, 10°26’N 84°01’W, 75m, 28-29.ii.2008 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Heredia, Estacion Biologica La Selva, 10°26’N 84°01’W, 75m, 22-24.ii.2012 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Heredia, 9km NE Vara Blanca, 10°14’N 85°06’W, 1450-1550m, 15/M/TN, ii-iv.2005 (INBIo/ OET – ALAS); 1E, Heredia, 9km NE Vara Blanca, 10°14’N 85°06’W, 1450-1550m, 15/M/NOTN, ii-iv.2005 (INBIo/ OET – ALAS); 3E, San José, Zurqui de Moravia, 1600m, iv.1996 and x-xi.1996 (P. Hanson); 1E, Cartago, PN Tapanti-Macizo de la Muerte, Torre ICE#31, LN 561800 188500, 1800m, #61071, viii-ix.2000 (D. Rubí); 1E, Puntarenas, Res. Priv. Karen Mogensen, 9°52’N 85°03’W, 305m, 17-18.ii.2011 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Puntarenas. Res. Priv. Karen Mogensen, 9°52’N 85°03’W, 305m, 23-24.ii.2013 (J.S. Noyes); 3E, Puntarenas. Res. Priv. Karen Mogensen, 9°52’N 85°03’W, 305m, 19-20.ii.2016 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Puntarenas, Manuel Antonio NP, iii.1986 (L. Masner); 1E, Puntarenas, San Vito, Las Cruces, Wilson Bot. Gdns, 8°36’N 82°57’W, 1300m, 30.ii.2015 (J.S. Noyes). Holotype in MZUCR, paratypes in MZUCR and NHMUK.
description: Published as part of Noyes, John Stuart, 2023, ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera), pp. 1-921 in Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) (Oxford, England) 2 (11) on pages 61-63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8074943