cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Distribution uniformity of laser-accelerated proton beams
Creators: name: Zhu, J. G.
name: Zhu, K.
name: Tao, L.
name: Xu, X. H.
name: Lin, C.
name: Ma, W. J.
name: Lu, H. Y.
name: Zhao, Y. Y.
name: Lu, Y. R.
name: Chen, J. E.
name: Yan, X. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compared with conventional accelerators, laser plasma accelerators can generate high energy ions at a greatly reduced scale, due to their TV/m acceleration gradient. A compact laser plasma accelerator (CLAPA) has been built at the Institute of Heavy Ion Physics at Peking University. It will be used for applied research like biological irradiation, astrophysics simulations, etc. A beamline system with multiple quadrupoles and an analyzing magnet for laser-accelerated ions is proposed here. Since laser-accelerated ion beams have broad energy spectra and large angular divergence, the parameters (beam waist position in the Y direction, beam line layout, drift distance, magnet angles etc.) of the beamline system are carefully designed and optimised to obtain a radially symmetric proton distribution at the irradiation platform. Requirements of energy selection and differences in focusing or defocusing in application systems greatly influence the evolution of proton distributions. With optimal parameters, radially symmetric proton distributions can be achieved and protons with different energy spread within 5% have similar transverse areas at the experiment target.
Search for supersymmetry in the all-hadronic final state using top quark tagging in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search is presented for supersymmetry in all-hadronic events with missing transverse momentum and tagged top quarks. The data sample was collected by the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Search regions are defined using the properties of reconstructed jets, the multiplicity of bottom and top quark candidates, and an imbalance in transverse momentum. With no statistically significant excess of events observed beyond the expected contributions from the standard model, we set exclusion limits at 95% confidence level on the masses of new particles in the context of simplified models of direct and gluino-mediated top squark production. For direct top squark production with decays to a top quark and a neutralino, top squark masses up to 740 GeV and neutralino masses up to 240 GeV are excluded. Gluino masses up to 1550 GeV and neutralino masses up to 900 GeV are excluded for a gluino-mediated production case, where each of the pair-produced gluinos decays to a top-antitop quark pair and a neutralino.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and DOI. All the figures and tables, including additional supplemental figures and tables, can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/SUS-16-009
Electron correlation in beryllium: Effects in ground state, short-pulse photoionization and time-delay studies
Creators: name: Omiste, Juan J.
name: Li, Wenliang
name: Madsen, Lars Bojer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a three-dimensional (3D) implementation of the time-dependent restricted-active-space self-consistent-field (TD-RASSCF) method to investigate effects of electron correlation in the ground state of Be as well as in its photoionization dynamics by short XUV pulses, including time-delay in photoionization. First, we obtain the ground state by propagation in imaginary time. We show that the flexibility of the TD-RASSCF on the choice of the active orbital space makes it possible to consider only relevant active space orbitals, facilitating the convergence to the ground state compared to the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree-Fock method, used as a benchmark to show the accuracy and efficiency of TD-RASSCF. Second, we solve the equations of motion to compute photoelectron spectra of Be after interacting with a short linearly polarized XUV laser pulse. We compare the spectra for different RAS schemes, and in this way we identify the orbital spaces that are relevant for an accurate description of the photoelectron spectra. Finally, we investigate the effects of electron correlation on the magnitude of the relative time-delay in the photoionization process into two different ionic channels. One channel, the ground state channel in the ion, is accessible without electron correlation. The other channel is only accessible when including electron correlation. The time-delay is highly sensitivity to the choice of the active space, and hence to the account of electron-electron correlation.
description: 16 pages and 9 figures. Updated Section III.C and small corrections
Bose polarons in ultracold atoms in one dimension: beyond the Fröhlich paradigm
Creators: name: Grusdt, Fabian
name: Astrakharchik, Gregory E.
name: Demler, Eugene A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mobile impurity atoms immersed in Bose-Einstein condensates provide a new platform for exploring Bose polarons. Recent experimental advances in the field of ultracold atoms make it possible to realize such systems with highly tunable microscopic parameters and to explore equilibrium and dynamical properties of polarons using a rich toolbox of atomic physics. In this paper we present a detailed theoretical analysis of Bose polarons in one dimensional systems of ultracold atoms. By combining a non-perturbative renormalization group approach with numerically exact diffusion Monte Carlo calculations we obtain not only detailed numerical results over a broad range of parameters but also qualitative understanding of different regimes of the system. We find that an accurate description of Bose polarons requires the inclusion of two-phonon scattering terms which go beyond the commonly used Fröhlich model. Furthermore we show that when the Bose gas is in the strongly interacting regime, one needs to include interactions between the phonon modes. We use several theoretical approaches to calculate the polaron energy and its effective mass. The former can be measured using radio-frequency spectroscopy and the latter can be studied experimentally using impurity oscillations in a harmonic trapping potential. We compare our theoretical results for the effective mass to the experiments by Catani et al. [PRA 85, 023623 (2012)]. In the weak-to-intermediate coupling regimes we obtain excellent quantitative agreement between theory and experiment, without any free fitting parameter. We supplement our analysis by full dynamical simulations of polaron oscillations in a shallow trapping potential. We also use our renormalization group approach to analyze the full phase diagram and identify regions that support repulsive and attractive polarons, as well as multi-particle bound states.
description: 21 pages, 18 figures, 4 pages appendices
Automatic Generation of Grounded Visual Questions
Creators: name: Zhang, Shijie
name: Qu, Lizhen
name: You, Shaodi
name: Yang, Zhenglu
name: Zhang, Jiawan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose the first model to be able to generate visually grounded questions with diverse types for a single image. Visual question generation is an emerging topic which aims to ask questions in natural language based on visual input. To the best of our knowledge, it lacks automatic methods to generate meaningful questions with various types for the same visual input. To circumvent the problem, we propose a model that automatically generates visually grounded questions with varying types. Our model takes as input both images and the captions generated by a dense caption model, samples the most probable question types, and generates the questions in sequel. The experimental results on two real world datasets show that our model outperforms the strongest baseline in terms of both correctness and diversity with a wide margin.
description: VQA
Robust and Consistent Estimation of Generators in Credit Risk
Creators: name: Smith, Greig
name: Reis, Goncalo dos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 62M05 (Primary), 60J22, 91G40 (Secondary)

description: Bond rating Transition Probability Matrices (TPMs) are built over a one-year time-frame and for many practical purposes, like the assessment of risk in portfolios or the computation of banking Capital Requirements (e.g. the new IFRS 9 regulation), one needs to compute the TPM and probabilities of default over a smaller time interval. In the context of continuous time Markov chains (CTMC) several deterministic and statistical algorithms have been proposed to estimate the generator matrix. We focus on the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm by Bladt and Sorensen (2005) for a CTMC with an absorbing state for such estimation. This work's contribution is threefold. Firstly, we provide directly computable closed-form expressions for quantities appearing in the EM algorithm and associated information matrix, allowing to easily approximate confidence intervals. Previously, these quantities had to be estimated numerically and considerable computational speedups have been gained. Secondly, we prove convergence to a single set of parameters under very weak conditions (for the TPM problem). Finally, we provide a numerical benchmark of our results against other known algorithms, in particular, on several problems related to credit risk. The EM algorithm we propose, padded with the new formulas (and error criteria), outperforms other known algorithms in several metrics, in particular, with much less overestimation of probabilities of default in higher ratings than other statistical algorithms.
description: 29 pages, 7 Figures, 9 tables
Factors of sums involving $q$-binomial coefficients and powers of $q$-integers
Creators: name: Guo, Victor J. W.
name: Wang, Su-Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A30, 05A10, 11B65

description: We show that, for all positive integers $n_1, \ldots, n_m$, $n_{m+1}=n_1$, and any non-negative integers $j$ and $r$ with $j\leqslant m$, the expression $$ \frac{1}{[n_1]}{n_1+n_{m}\brack n_1}^{-1} \sum_{k=1}^{n_1}[2k][k]^{2r}q^{jk^2-(r+1)k}\prod_{i=1}^{m} {n_i+n_{i+1}\brack n_i+k} $$ is a Laurent polynomial in $q$ with integer cofficients, where $[n]=1+q+\cdots+q^{n-1}$ and ${n\brack k}=\prod_{i=1}^k(1-q^{n-i+1})/(1-q^i)$. This gives a $q$-analogue of a divisibility result on the Catalan triangle obtained by the first author and Zeng, and also confirms a conjecture of the first author and Zeng. We further propose several related conjectures.
description: 10 pages, Journal of Difference Equations and Applications, online
Gaussian process regression for forecasting battery state of health
Creators: name: Richardson, Robert R.
name: Osborne, Michael A.
name: Howey, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: J.2; G.3
subject: 62P30

description: Accurately predicting the future capacity and remaining useful life of batteries is necessary to ensure reliable system operation and to minimise maintenance costs. The complex nature of battery degradation has meant that mechanistic modelling of capacity fade has thus far remained intractable; however, with the advent of cloud-connected devices, data from cells in various applications is becoming increasingly available, and the feasibility of data-driven methods for battery prognostics is increasing. Here we propose Gaussian process (GP) regression for forecasting battery state of health, and highlight various advantages of GPs over other data-driven and mechanistic approaches. GPs are a type of Bayesian non-parametric method, and hence can model complex systems whilst handling uncertainty in a principled manner. Prior information can be exploited by GPs in a variety of ways: explicit mean functions can be used if the functional form of the underlying degradation model is available, and multiple-output GPs can effectively exploit correlations between data from different cells. We demonstrate the predictive capability of GPs for short-term and long-term (remaining useful life) forecasting on a selection of capacity vs. cycle datasets from lithium-ion cells.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, published in the Journal of Power Sources, 2017
Semiclassical Boltzmann theory of spin Hall effects in giant Rashba systems
Creators: name: Xiao, Cong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the spin Hall effect arising from strong band-structure spin-orbit coupling, a semiclassical Boltzmann theory reasonably addressing the intriguing disorder effect called side-jump is still absent. In this paper we describe such a theory of which the key ingredient is the spin-current-counterpart of the semiclassical side-jump velocity (introduced in the context of the anomalous Hall effect). Applying this theory to spin Hall effects in a two-dimensional electron gas with giant Rashba spin-orbit coupling, we find largely enhanced spin Hall angle in the presence of magnetic impurities when only the lower Rashba band is partially occupied.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, some more discussions added in this version, accepted by Frontiers of Physics
title: Siderophile volatile element inventory in lunar magmatic rocks and mantle sources
Creators: name: Gleißner, Philipp
name: Salme, Julie
name: Becker, Harry
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The volatile element inventory of the Moon and the processes of volatile loss and/or gain (e.g., degassing and late accretion) are key aspects for our understanding of the Earth-Moon system. Elevated concentrations of volatile elements and water in lunar rocks have recently invigorated the discussion on the volatile content of the lunar interior and on the extent to which the volatile element inventory of lunar magmatic rocks is controlled by degassing. Here we report mass fractions of the siderophile volatile elements Cu, Se, Ag, S, Te, Cd, In, and Tl in lunar magmatic rocks, analyzed isotope dilution ICP-MS techniques. Similar mass fractions of Cu, S, Se, and Ag and fractional crystallization trends in mare basalts and magnesian suite norites indicate that these elements are less prone to magmatic degassing than proposed previously. Disturbed fractional crystallization trends of more volatile elements (e.g., Tl, Cd) and enrichments of the latter in brecciated ferroan anorthosites indicate their redistribution and vapor deposition. Differences in element ratios between lunar magmatic rock suites suggest a predominant control of S, Se, Cu, and Ag by mantle source compositions. New estimates of mantle source compositions of low-Ti mare basalt suites reveal low mass fractions of Cu, S, Se, and Ag and element ratios in the lunar mantle that are significantly different from the terrestrial mantle. Our new data support the hypothesis of volatile loss prior to formation of the lunar mantle sources and indicate limited degassing of mare basalts.
Dynamic principle for ensemble control tools
Creators: name: Samoletov, A.
name: Vasiev, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical equations describing physical systems at statistical equilibrium are commonly extended by mathematical tools called "thermostats". These tools are designed for sampling ensembles of statistical mechanics. We propose a dynamic principle for derivation of stochastic and deterministic thermostats. It is based on fundamental physical assumptions such that the canonical measure is invariant for the thermostat dynamics. This is a clear advantage over a range of recently proposed and widely discussed in the literature mathematical thermostat schemes. Following justification of the proposed principle we show its generality and usefulness for modeling a wide range of natural systems.
A Bound on Holographic Entanglement Entropy from Inverse Mean Curvature Flow
Creators: name: Fischetti, Sebastian
name: Wiseman, Toby
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement entropies are notoriously difficult to compute. Large-N strongly-coupled holographic CFTs are an important exception, where the AdS/CFT dictionary gives the entanglement entropy of a CFT region in terms of the area of an extremal bulk surface anchored to the AdS boundary. Using this prescription, we show -- for quite general states of (2+1)-dimensional such CFTs -- that the renormalized entanglement entropy of any region of the CFT is bounded from above by a weighted local energy density. The key ingredient in this construction is the inverse mean curvature (IMC) flow, which we suitably generalize to flows of surfaces anchored to the AdS boundary. Our bound can then be thought of as a "subregion" Penrose inequality in asymptotically locally AdS spacetimes, similar to the Penrose inequalities obtained from IMC flows in asymptotically flat spacetimes. Combining the result with positivity of relative entropy, we argue that our bound is valid perturbatively in 1/N, and conjecture that a restricted version of it holds in any CFT.
description: 33+7 pages, 7 figures. v2: addressed referee comments
The left tail of renewal measure
Creators: name: Kołodziejek, Bartosz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K05

description: In the paper, we find exact asymptotics of the left tail of renewal measure for a broad class of two-sided random walks. We only require that an exponential moment of the left tail is finite. Through a simple change of measure approach, our result turns out to be almost equivalent to Blackwell's Theorem.
description: 6 pages
Degenerate detectors are unable to harvest spacelike entanglement
Creators: name: Pozas-Kerstjens, Alejandro
name: Louko, Jorma
name: Martin-Martinez, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show, under a very general set of assumptions, that pairs of identical particle detectors in spacelike separation, such as atomic probes, can only harvest entanglement from the vacuum state of a quantum field when they have a non-zero energy gap. Furthermore, we show that degenerate probes are strongly challenged to become entangled through their interaction through scalar and electromagnetic fields even in full light-contact. We relate these results to previous literature on remote entanglement generation and entanglement harvesting, giving insight into the energy gap's protective role against local noise, which prevents the detectors from getting entangled through the interaction with the field.
description: 10 pages. RevTeX 4.1. V2: Updated to match published version
Barjols, affiche annonçant la fête de la saint Marcel sur la porte vitrée d'une boutique
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Semiclassical theory of spin-orbit torques in disordered multiband electron systems
Creators: name: Xiao, Cong
name: Niu, Qian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study spin-orbit torques (SOT) in non-degenerate multiband electron systems in the weak disorder limit. In order to have better physical transparency a semiclassical Boltzmann approach equivalent to the Kubo diagrammatic approach in the non-crossing approximation is formulated. This semiclassical framework accounts for the interband- coherence effects induced by both the electric field and static impurity scattering. Using the two-dimensional Rashba ferromagnet as a model system, we show that the antidamping-like SOT arising from disorder-induced interband-coherence effects is very sensitive to the spin structure of disorder and may have the same sign as the intrinsic SOT in the presence of spin-dependent disorder. While the cancellation of this SOT and the intrinsic one occurs only in the case of spin-independent short-range disorder.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, accepted by Physical Review B
Position and Orientation Estimation through Millimeter Wave MIMO in 5G Systems
Creators: name: Shahmansoori, Arash
name: Garcia, Gabriel E.
name: Destino, Giuseppe
name: Seco-Granados, Gonzalo
name: Wymeersch, Henk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Millimeter wave signals and large antenna arrays are considered enabling technologies for future 5G networks. While their benefits for achieving high-data rate communications are well-known, their potential advantages for accurate positioning are largely undiscovered. We derive the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) on position and rotation angle estimation uncertainty from millimeter wave signals from a single transmitter, in the presence of scatterers. We also present a novel two-stage algorithm for position and rotation angle estimation that attains the CRB for average to high signal-to-noise ratio. The algorithm is based on multiple measurement vectors matching pursuit for coarse estimation, followed by a refinement stage based on the space-alternating generalized expectation maximization algorithm. We find that accurate position and rotation angle estimation is possible using signals from a single transmitter, in either line-of- sight, non-line-of-sight, or obstructed-line-of-sight conditions.
description: The manuscript has been revised, and increased from 27 to 31 pages. Also, Fig.2, Fig. 10 and Table I are added
Chemical enrichment of stars due to accretion from ISM during the Galaxy's assembly
Creators: name: Shen, Sijing
name: Kulkarni, Girish
name: Madau, Piero
name: Mayer, Lucio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Eris zoom-in cosmological simulation of assembly of a Milky Way analog, we study chemical enrichment of stars due to accretion of metal-enriched gas from the interstellar medium during the Galaxy's development. We consider metal-poor and old stars in both Galactic halo and bulge and make use of stellar orbits, gas density and metallicity distributions in Eris. Assuming spherically symmetric Bondi-Hoyle accretion, we find that halo and bulge stars accrete metals at the rate of about 10^-24 solar mass per year and 10^-22 solar mass per year, respectively, at redshifts z < 3, but this accretion rate increases hundred-fold to about 10^-20 solar mass per year at higher redshifts due to increased gas density. Bulge and halo stars accrete similar amounts of metals at high redshifts as kinematically distinct bulge and halo are not yet developed at these redshifts and both sets of stars encounter similar metal distribution in the ISM on average. Accretion alone can enrich main-sequence stars up to [Fe/H] -2 in extreme cases.Median enrichment level due to accretion in these stars is about [Fe/H]~-6 to -5.Because accretion mostly takes place at high redshifts, it is alpha-enriched to [alpha/Fe]~0.5. We find that accretive metal enrichment is significant enough to affect the predicted metallicity distribution function of halo stars at [Fe/H] < -5.This suggests that attempts to infer the natal chemical environment of the most metal-poor stars from their observed enrichment today can be hindered due to metal accretion. Peculiar enrichment patterns such as those predicted to arise from pair-instability supernovae could help in disentangling natal and accreted metal content of stars.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication on MNRAS
Floquet multi-Weyl points in crossing-nodal-line semimetals
Creators: name: Yan, Zhongbo
name: Wang, Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weyl points with monopole charge $\pm 1$ have been extensively studied, however, real materials of multi-Weyl points, whose monopole charges are higher than $1$, have yet to be found. In this Rapid Communication, we show that nodal-line semimetals with nontrivial line connectivity provide natural platforms for realizing Floquet multi-Weyl points. In particular, we show that driving crossing nodal lines by circularly polarized light generates double-Weyl points. Furthermore, we show that monopole combination and annihilation can be observed in crossing-nodal-line semimetals and nodal-chain semimetals. These proposals can be experimentally verified in pump-probe angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, including supplemental material. Published version
Liberation, free mutual information and orbital free entropy
Creators: name: Hamdi, Tarek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present here some connections between the liberation process for projections $(P,Q)\mapsto(P,U_tQU_t^*)$ and its counterpart $(R,S)\mapsto(R,U_tSU_t^*)$ for symmetries when the projections $\{P,Q\}$ and the symmetries $\{R,S\}$ are associated, where $U_t$ is a free unitary Brownian motion freely independent from $\{P,Q\}$ (and so $\{R,S\}$). We relate the moments of their actions on the operators $X_t:=PU_tQU_t^*$ and $Y_t:=U_tRU_t^*S$ and use this to prove a relationship between the corresponding spectral measures (hereafter $μ_t$ and $ν_t$). On the other hand, we focus in the process of unitary random variables $Y_t$ in the case of arbitrary trace values $τ(R),τ(S)$. More precisely, we use stochastic calculus to derive a partial differential equation (PDE for short) for its Herglotz transform and use it to develop subordination results in terms of Löwner equations. The paper is closed with an improved proof of $i^*\left( \mathbb{C}P+\mathbb{C}(I-P); \mathbb{C}Q+\mathbb{C}(I-Q) \right)=-χ_{orb}\left(P,Q\right)$ as an application.
description: The title is changed and the exposition is improved. All comments are welcome
Pattern of pareses in 5q-spinal muscular atrophy
Creators: name: Uzelac, Zeljko
name: Schwäble, Beate
name: Dorst, Johannes
name: Rosenbohm, Angela
name: Wollinsky, Kurt
name: Wurster, Claudia D.
name: Steinbreier, Janna S.
name: Ludolph, Albert C.
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
subject: Motor neuron disease
subject: Paresis pattern
subject: Spinal muscular atrophy
subject: DDC 610 / Medicine & health

description: Background: This prospective study investigates the pattern of pareses in 5q-associated spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) to identify disease-specific characteristics and potential differences from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). Detailed knowledge about pareses patterns in SMA facilitates differential diagnosis and supports therapeutic monitoring. Methods: Between January 2021, and June 2021, 66 SMA patients (59.1% male, aged 33.6 ± 15.2 years) were included in the study. Most patients had SMA type II ( n  = 28) or SMA type III ( n  = 28), seven patients had SMA type I, and three patients had SMA type IV. We analyzed the pattern of pareses using the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) scoring system. Results: In both, upper and lower limbs muscle weakness was less pronounced in distal (upper limbs: MRC median 3.0 (interquartile range 1.5–3.5); lower limbs: 1.5 (0.5–3.0)) compared to proximal muscle groups (upper limbs: 2.0 (1.5–2.6); p  < 0.001; lower limbs: 0.5 (0.5–1.5); p  < 0.001). Thenar muscles were stronger than other small hand muscles (3.0 (2.0–3.5) vs 3.0 (1.5–3.5); p  = 0.004). Muscles had more strength in upper (2.3 (1.5–3.1)) compared to lower limbs (1.1 (0.5–2.3); p  < 0.001) and in flexors compared to extensors. Conclusion: We identified a specific pattern of muscle paresis in SMA which is different from the pattern of paresis in ALS and SBMA. As a rule of thumb, the pattern of pareses is similar, but not identical to ALS in distal, but different in proximal muscle groups. © In Copyright http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
title: Zircon Raman thermochronology in practice: first results and implications
Creators: name: Härtel, Birk
name: Jonckheere, Raymond
name: Ratschbacher, Lothar
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Zircon Raman dating rests on measurements of (1) self-irradiation damage in the zircon lattice from the Raman bandwidth (FWHM), and (2) the U and Th concentrations in the same volume. Ages are calculated from the ratio of the dose-equivalent damage estimate and the effective uranium content (eU). As the lattice damage anneals at high temperatures, zircon Raman dating is a thermochronological method, whose results are interpreted in terms of the thermal history of a zircon with respect to the method’s closure temperature (Tc). Tc estimates based on laboratory annealing experiments span a range from 260 to 370 °C for various Raman bands and kinetic models.

We dated zircon samples from igneous and metamorphic rocks with a known thermal history, combining Raman spectroscopy with SIMS and EPMA, to test (1) the general applicability of zircon Raman dating, and (2) whether the experimental estimates of the closure temperature match the closure temperature determined on natural samples.
GLOBAL PROTEOME INVESTIGATION OF MYCOBACTERIOPHAGE OCHI17-MYCOBACTERIUM SMEGMATIS INTERACTIONS
Creators: name: Okekeogbu, Ikenna O
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2022
Subjects: Agricultural biotechnology not elsewhere classified

description: Bacteriophages (phages) have broad applications in diverse areas including phage therapy, agriculture, food safety, and environmental protection. In order to fully realize the potential for phage applications, it is critical to understand phage-bacteria interactions and characterize bacterial responses/targets to phage infection. Previous studies have largely focused on other classes of phages other than mycobacteriophages. This research provides the first global proteome investigation of the dynamic relationship between a mycobacteriophage and a mycobacterial host. Mycobacteriophages are viruses that infect mycobacteria. They have been reported to have vital potential uses in various fields, especially as an alternative in the prevention and treatment of mycobacterial diseases such as tuberculosis. Despite their potential, not much is known about the molecular interaction with mycobacteria during a mycobacteriophage infection, especially at the translational level. To better understand this, a novel mycobacteriophage, Ochi17 was first isolated and characterized based on the genome and structure. I then applied label-free quantitative proteomics using the model host, Mycobacteria smegmatis,which was infected with Ochi17 at different infection time points. Phage Ochi17 was found to be a temperate phage and classified as a Siphoviridae. The proteome changes occurring at the mid-lytic stage of Phage Ochi17 infection was first examined followed by a temporal study of the global changes. More than 2,000 M. smegmatis proteins and at least 50 Ochi17 proteins were identified across all time points. Homologous recombination and host macromolecular synthetic processes were significantly upregulated, while lipid metabolism was significantly downregulated. The results suggested that Ochi17 suppressed the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis not just by utilizing the macromolecular synthesis of the host, but also by suppressing host transcription, and fatty acid biosynthesis, in addition to the degradation of fatty acids irrespective of infection time. The two-component system was a target at only 24 h post infection. I also showed that phage Ochi17 proteome expression is time-dependent and the proteins typically cluster based on functional relatedness. The results presented here may contribute in the development of mycobacteriophages as antimicrobial therapies that can overcome various defense strategies employed by host mycobacteria.
Head vs. Tail Squaramide–Naphthalimide Conjugates: Self-Assembly and Anion Binding Behaviour
Creators: name: Abogunrin, Anthony A
name: Healy, Stephen A.
name: Fenelon, Orla
name: B.P. Elmes, Robert
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The syntheses of two squaramide–naphthalimide conjugates (SN1 and SN2) are reported; the structures of SN1 and SN2 differ by the attachment of a squaramide—either at the ‘head’ or the ‘tail’ of the naphthalimide fluorophore. Both compounds displayed weak fluorescence due to the inclusion of a nitro-aromatic squaramide which efficiently quenches the emission of the naphthalimide. Both compounds were also shown to undergo self-aggregation as studied by 1H NMR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, SN1 and SN2 gave rise to stark colourimetric changes in response to basic anions such as AcO−, SO4 2− HPO4 2−, and F−. The observed colour changes are thought to be due to deprotonation of a squaramide NH. The same basic anions also result in a further quenching of the naphthalimide emission. No colour change or emission modulations were observed in the presence of Cl−; however, 1H NMR studies suggest that moderate H-bonding occurs between this anion and both SN1 and SN2.
Energy Conservation and the Chiral Magnetic Effect
Creators: name: Kaplan, David B.
name: Reddy, Sanjay
name: Sen, Srimoyee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the chiral magnetic effect in a homogeneous neutral plasma from the point of view of energy conservation, and construct an effective potential for the growth of maximally helical perturbations of the electromagnetic field. We show that a negative curvature at the origin of the potential, indicating instability of the plasma, is induced by a chiral asymmetry in electron Fermi energy, as opposed to number density, while the potential grows at large field value. It follows that the ground state for a plasma has zero magnetic helicity; a nonzero electron mass will allow an excited state of a plasma with nonzero helicity to relax to that ground state quickly. We conclude that a chiral plasma instability triggered by weak interactions is not a viable mechanism for explaining magnetic fields in stars except possibly when dynamics drives the system far from equilibrium.
description: We have corrected a sign error. But the main conclusions of the paper remain unchanged
General analytical solution for the electromagnetic grating diffraction problem
Creators: name: Tishchenko, Alexandre V.
name: Shcherbakov, Alexey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Implementing the modal method in the electromagnetic grating diffraction problem delivered by the curvilinear coordinate transformation yields a general analytical solution to the 1D grating diffraction problem in a form of a T-matrix. Simultaneously it is shown that the validity of the Rayleigh expansion is defined by the validity of the modal expansion in a transformed medium delivered by the coordinate transformation.
description: 2 figures
Partition function zeros of the p-state clock model in the complex temperature plane
Creators: name: Kim, Dong-Hee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the partition function zeros of the two-dimensional $p$-state clock model in the complex temperature plane by using the Wang-Landau method. For $p=5$, $6$, $8$, and $10$, we propose a modified energy representation to enumerate exact irregular energy levels for the density of states without any binning artifacts. Comparing the leading zeros between different $p$'s, we provide strong evidence that the upper transition at $p=6$ is indeed of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) type in contrast to the claim of the previous Fisher zero study [Phys. Rev. E \textbf{80}, 042103 (2009)]. We find that the leading zeros of $p=6$ at the upper transition collapse onto the zero trajectories of the larger $p$'s including the $XY$ limit while the finite-size behavior of $p=5$ differs from the converged behavior of $p \ge 6$ within the system sizes examined. In addition, we argue that the nondivergent specific heat in the BKT transition is responsible for the small partition function magnitude that decreases exponentially with increasing system size near the leading zero, fundamentally limiting access to large systems in search for zeros with an estimator under finite statistical fluctuations.
Description of odd-mass nuclei within the interacting boson-fermion model based on the Gogny energy density functional
Creators: name: Nomura, K.
name: Rodríguez-Guzmán, R.
name: Robledo, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectroscopic properties of odd-mass nuclei are studied within the framework of the interacting boson-fermion model (IBFM) with parameters based on the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) approximation. The parametrization D1M of the Gogny energy density functional (EDF) has been used at the mean-field level to obtain the deformation energy surfaces for the considered nuclei in terms of the quadrupole deformations ($β,γ$). In addition to the energy surfaces, both single particle energies and occupation probabilities have been used as a microscopic input for building the IBFM Hamiltonian. Only three strength parameters for the particle-boson-core coupling are fitted to experimental spectra. The IBFM Hamiltonian is then used to compute the energy spectra and electromagnetic transition rates for selected odd-mass Eu and Sm nuclei as well as for $^{195}$Pt and $^{195}$Au. A reasonable agreement with the available experimental data is obtained for the considered odd-mass nuclei.
description: 14 pages, 16 figures, 9 tables
title: Petrographic and geochemical analysis of meteorite NWA 12547 with inverse zoned chondrules
Creators: name: Joseph, Fabio
name: PD Dr. habil. Kaliwoda, Melanie
name: Dr. Junge, Malte
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The best researched planetary system is our solar system. But even here we know very little about chemistry and composition of the bodies. In order to really explore and understand them, it is helpful to take a close look at the formation and thus the origin of everything in our solar system. Some meteorites, so called chondrites, were formed during this time and give us insights into the processes. They are therefore an important tool to understand the formation of all other bodies. A chondrite is mainly made out of chondrules which are millimeter big silicate pellets with different appearance.

One of this chondrites is the Meteorite NWA 12547. It is an ordinary L3 chondrite and is formed out of three different fragments. On consists of so-called inverse zoned chondrules. Inverse zoned chondrules are chondrules that have a pyroxene core and are surrounded by an olivine shell. This not very known silicate pellets with an inverted crystallization row is believed to have arisen from rapid cooling first which formed the pyroxene core, and then subsequent heating resulting in an olivine shell. The second fragment consists mainly of porphyric and bar-shaped chondrules. This piece was cooled slowly in a first phase and rapidly thereafter, forming first idiomorphic olivines and then small pyroxene needles in the glassy feldspar matrix. The last piece is a residual melt, with a glassy matrix which was finally cooled at about 1450 °C.
Geometric formulation of the Cauchy invariants for incompressible Euler flow in flat and curved spaces
Creators: name: Besse, Nicolas
name: Frisch, Uriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Cauchy invariants are now viewed as a powerful tool for investigating the Lagrangian structure of three-dimensional (3D) ideal flow (Frisch & Zheligovsky, Commun. Math. Phys., vol. 326, 2014, pp. 499-505, Podvigina et al., J. Comput. Phys., vol. 306, 2016, pp. 320-342). Looking at such invariants with the modern tools of differential geometry and of geodesic flow on the space SDiff of volume-preserving transformations (Arnold, Ann. Inst. Fourier, vol. 16, 1966, pp. 319-361), all manners of generalisations are here derived. The Cauchy invariants equation and the Cauchy formula, relating the vorticity and the Jacobian of the Lagrangian map, are shown to be two expressions of this Lie-advection invariance, which are duals of each other (specifically, Hodge dual). Actually, this is shown to be an instance of a general result, which holds for flow both in flat (Euclidean) space and in a curved Riemannian space: any Lie-advection invariant p-form which is exact (i.e. is a differential of a (p-1)-form) has an associated Cauchy invariants equation and a Cauchy formula. This constitutes a new fundamental result in linear transport theory, providing a Lagrangian formulation of Lie advection for some classes of differential forms. The result has a broad applicability: examples include the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations and various extensions thereof, discussed by Lingam et al. (Phys. Lett. A, vol. 380, 2016, pp. 2400-2406), and include also the equations of Tao (2016, arXiv:1606.08481 [math.AP]), Euler equations with modified Biot-Savart law, displaying finite-time blow-up. Our main result is also used for new derivations, and several new results, concerning local helicity-type invariants for fluids and MHD flow in flat or curved spaces of arbitrary dimension.
description: 50 pages, 1 figure
Roughness-induced domain structure in perpendicular Co/Ni multilayers
Creators: name: Lee-Hone, N. R.
name: Thanhoffer, R.
name: Neu, V.
name: Schäfer, R.
name: Arora, M.
name: Hübner, R.
name: Suess, D.
name: Broun, D. M.
name: Girt, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the correlation between roughness, remanence and coercivity in Co/Ni films grown on Cu seed layers of varying thickness. Increasing the Cu seed layer thickness of Ta/Cu/8x[Co/Ni] thin films increases the roughness of the films. In-plane magnetization loops show that both the remanance and coercivity increase with increasing seed layer roughness. Polar Kerr microscopy and magnetic force microscopy reveal that the domain density also increases with roughness. Finite element micromagnetic simulations performed on structures with periodically modulated surfaces provide further insight. They confirm the connection between domain density and roughness, and identify the microsocpic structure of the domain walls as the source of the increased remanence in rough films. The simulations predict that the character of the domain walls changes from Bloch-like in smooth films to Néel-like for rougher films.
SMD-based numerical stochastic perturbation theory
Creators: name: Brida, Mattia Dalla
name: Lüscher, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The viability of a variant of numerical stochastic perturbation theory, where the Langevin equation is replaced by the SMD algorithm, is examined. In particular, the convergence of the process to a unique stationary state is rigorously established and the use of higher-order symplectic integration schemes is shown to be highly profitable in this context. For illustration, the gradient-flow coupling in finite volume with Schrödinger functional boundary conditions is computed to two-loop (i.e. NNL) order in the SU(3) gauge theory. The scaling behaviour of the algorithm turns out to be rather favourable in this case, which allows the computations to be driven close to the continuum limit.
description: 35 pages, 4 figures; v2: corrected typos, coincides with published version
Quantum spin ice under a [111] magnetic field: from pyrochlore to kagomé
Creators: name: Bojesen, Troels Arnfred
name: Onoda, Shigeki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum spin ice, modeled for magnetic rare-earth pyrochlores, has attracted great interest for hosting a U(1) quantum spin liquid, which involves spin-ice monopoles as gapped deconfined spinons, as well as gapless excitations analogous to photons. However, the global phase diagram under a [111] magnetic field remains open. Here we uncover by means of unbiased quantum Monte-Carlo simulations that a supersolid of monopoles, showing both a superfluidity and a partial ionization, intervenes the kagomé spin ice and a fully ionized monopole insulator, in contrast to classical spin ice where a direct discontinuous phase transition takes place. We also show that on cooling, kagomé spin ice evolves towards a valence bond solid similar to what appears in the associated kagomé lattice model [S. V. Isakov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 147202 (2006)]. Possible relevance to experiments is discussed.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in PRL