Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) terraopimus Bartz, James, Pasini & Brown, 2012, n. sp.
Creators: name: Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina
name: James, Samuel Wooster
name: Pasini, Amarildo
name: Brown, George Gardner
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Haplotaxida
Glossoscolecidae
Glossoscolex
Glossoscolex terraopimus

description: Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) terraopimus n. sp. Bartz & James
(Fig. 4 c,d, Tabel 1)
Holotype. COFM BRPR 0019 adult, grassland on mountain top near Telepar Tower Station, Ortigueira, Paraná, Brazil; 23º58.30'S, 51º05.48'W, 1278 masl, 11 May 2004, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls.
Paratypes. A. COFM BRPR 0015 one adult, forest soil, strip of vegetation next to main road PR 451, 500 m from county border, Faxinal, Paraná, Brazil; 23º54.69’S, 51º12.11’W, 1034 masl, 11 May 2004, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls; B. COFM BRPR 0017 one adult, grassland on mountain top near Telepar Tower Station, Ortigueira, Paraná, Brazil; 23º58.30'S, 51º05.48'W, 1278masl, 11 May 2004, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls.
Other material. COFM BRPR 0027 two adults and one juvenile and MZUSP 1407 one adult, forest soil, strip of vegetation next main road PR 451, 500 m from county border, Faxinal, Paraná, Brazil; 23º54.69’S, 51º12.11’W, 1034 masl, 29 May 2004, students of taxonomy course colls.; COFM BRPR 0056 one adult, forest soil, strip of vegetation next to main road PR 451, 500 m from county border, Faxinal, Paraná, Brazil; 23º54.69’S, 51º12.11’W, 1034 masl, 23 January 2004, G.G. Brown and C.Y.Matsumura colls.; COFM BRPR 0125 one adult, forest soil, strip of vegetation next main road PR 451, 500 m from county border, Faxinal, Paraná, Brazil; 23º54.69’S, 51º12.11’W, 1034 masl, 30 January 2006, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls.; COFM BRPR 0322 one preclitellate and MZUSP 1406 two adults. forest soil, strip of vegetation next to main road PR 451, 500 m from county border, Faxinal, Paraná, Brazil; 23º54.69’S, 51º12.11’W, 1034 masl, 11 May 2004, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls.; COFM BRPR 0335 one preclitellate, grassland on mountain top near Telepar Tower Station, Ortigueira, Paraná, Brazil; 23º58.30'S, 51º05.48'W, 1278masl, 11 May 2004, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls.
Etymology. The species is named for the well-known very fertile soil in the region where the worms were collected.
Description. Dimensions: Holotype 81 mm by 2.9 mm at x, 3.2 mm at clitellum, 3.0 mm at xxx, 238 segments; paratype A - 85mm by 2.9 mm at x, 3.3 mm at clitellum, 3.2 mm at xxx, 220 segments, B - 68 mm by 2.5 mm at x, 2.8 mm at clitellum, 2.4 mm at xxx, 214 segments. Body cylindrical. Setae closely paired throughout; genital setae absent; setal formula AA:AB:BC:CD:DD = 22.2:1.1:7.8:1:44.4 at x and 32:1:6:1:42 at xxx. Setae ab and cd commence on iii. Setae ab absent in xvii and xviii, cd absent xvii to xxiii, AA distance increasing xviii–xxiii. Prostomium prolobous, post-setal secondary annulations present from xi–xvi and pre-setal secondary annulations after lx until the end. Unpigmented. Ovipores, almost invisible, pre-setal near ab, also in xiv small pores midventral 0.5 mm apart. Male pores 1.9 mm apart on xvii within paired slight depressions, internal to line of a. Clitellum annular and whitish xv–xxiii (Fig. 4 c, dd). Nephropores visible, just above b after clitellum.
Septa 6/7 thin, 7/8–10/11 equally thick and muscular, 11/12 and remaining septa membranous, septa 12/13/14 lacking white sac-like glandular development and fine villous white material lining segment xiii; 12/13/14 occasionally with embedded sacs containing iridescent white material. Alimentary canal with cylindrical gizzard in vi; esophagus with high chevron-patterned lamellae vii–xi, valvular in xiv; intestinal origin xv; typhlosole origin xv, end cxlvii, strongly zig-zag folded xv–xvii, zig-zag with ventral edge bent over to form pockets in region of xviii–xxxi, after xxxii gradually becoming simple lamina. Calciferous glands paired xii, composite-tubular type, bean-shaped, sessile on dorsal esophageal wall, blood vessels to gland include large branch of dorsal vessel that approximate to the back edges of each gland, two coalescing vessels from ventral gland margin to extra-esophageal vessel. Gland opening to esophagus near dorsum, large with lip along ventral margin. Holonephric, vesiculate; ducts to body wall near level of b.
Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral vessels in vii–ix, esophageal hearts in x–xi. Extra-esophageal vessel visible near pharyngeal glands, passes along ventral-lateral face of gizzard and esophagus, ending in calciferous glands; supraesophageal vessel in x–xi.
Ovaries, ovarian funnels free in xiii adjacent to seminal vesicle tube passing through xiii; spermathecae absent. Male sexual system metandric, testes and funnels in single midventral subesophageal sac in xi; attached to the sac are flat projections with iridescent material and extending until segments xii, xiii; narrow tubes from testes sacs to seminal vesicles pass lateral to hearts of xi; seminal vesicles expand from narrow tubes in xiv, penetrate septa and range posteriorly along intestine to lxix–lxxv; seminal vesicles elongate flat tubes with rounded branches and with parallel blood vessels on median side of longitudinal axis of vesicle; vasa deferentia looped from xi inside body wall en route to ventrally anterior face of muscular flat bean shaped copulatory bulbs; bulbs extend over xv–1/2 xviii. Copulatory bulbs with thin muscular outer layer, dense, delicate corrugated glandular inner surface with small lumen leading to male pore at approximate internal border of bulb connection to body wall; no transverse muscle bands crossing over bulbs.
Remarks. Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) terraopimus belongs to the truncatus group, which includes species for the subgenus Glossocolex with male pores in xvii, defined in Cordero (1943) and Righi (1978). Glossoscolex (G.) terraopimus most closely resembles G. (G.) bondari and G. (G.) mariarum. The differences between G. (G.) terraopimus and G. (G.) bondari are as follows, with the characteristics of the latter in parentheses: length 81 mm (180–215 mm), number of segments 238 (400–426), setae beginning in segment iii (segment iv), setal ratios 32:1:6:1:42 (16.4:1:4.3:1:18.4), hearts of xi free (hearts of xi half enclosed in testes sacs), septa 12/13/14 lacking white sac-like glandular development and fine villous white material lining segment xiii; 12/13/14 occasionally with embedded sacs containing iridescent white material (septa 11/12/13 /14 with numerous white round masses), testes and funnels in single midventral subesophageal sac in xi; attached to the sac are flat projections with iridescent material and extending until segments xii, xiii (test sacs ventrally, united). Glossoscolex (G.) terraopimus differs from G. (G.) mariarum by: position of female pores pre-setal near ab (lateral to a), form and extension of the copulatory bulbs bean shaped, 15–1/2 18 (fusiform, 1/ 3 15–19), form and extension of seminal vesicles long flattened tubes, 12–69, 75 (branched, lobulated, 12–49).
Glossoscolex (G.) terraopimus corresponds to Glossoscolex n. sp. 14 and Glossoscolex n. sp. 16, as cited in Brown and James (2007a), Brown et al. (2008), James and Brown (2006, 2008), Fragoso and Brown (2007) and Sautter et al. (2006, 2007).
description: Published as part of Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, James, Samuel Wooster, Pasini, Amarildo & Brown, George Gardner, 2012, New earthworm species of Glossoscolex Leuckart, 1835 and Fimoscolex Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) from Northern Paraná, Brazil, pp. 59-85 in Zootaxa 3458 on pages 74-77, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.282225