cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
What Steinem Could Learn From Schumer: Abjection in Female Stand-Up Comedy
Creators: Butler, Clara
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Women comedians
Feminism
Stand-up comedy
Women's studies

description: It seems like female stand-up comedy  is more prevalent than ever with a succession of new female stand-up specials being promoted on HBO, Netflix, and Comedy Central. Some popular culture commentators even declare that, “Women are now close to outright dominating the comedy landscape” (Schager 2015). But considering that approximately 83% of stand-up specials aired between 2014 and 2015 belonged to men, how could women be dominating comedy, stand-up comedy especially? (“List of Netflix Comedies”, “HBO: Comedy”, “Comedy Central Stand-Up Specials”). And where is the research and scholarship about female stand-up comedians, since both the feminist movement  and the comedy industry could benefit from their subversive humor? This project wishes to explore the ways that female stand-up comedians are shut out of both the academic discourse on feminism and discourse on stand-up comedy while disproving claims that we live in a “post- female stand-up comedy” society.  Female comedians are still considered abject, both because of their gender and historicized stereotypes that have embedded “women aren’t funny” into the cultural landscape, yet by utilizing this very condition, they are able to critique hierarchies within comedy and insert feminist ideals into their sets. Through comedic structures like self-deprecation and impressionistic comedy, Chelsea Peretti, Anjelah Johnson, and Tig Notaro all use abjection in their recorded stand-up specials to highlight the (unrealistic) standards of femininity while also deconstructing other institutionalized structures like racism, heteronormativity, and masculinity.
Radiation Damping in FRW Space-times with Different Topologies
Creators: name: Bernui, A.
name: Gomero, G. I.
name: Reboucas, M. J.
name: Teixeira, A. F. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the role played by the compactness and the degree of connectedness in the time evolution of the energy of a radiating system in the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) space-times whose $t=const $ spacelike sections are the Euclidean 3-manifold ${\cal R}^3$ and six topologically non-equivalent flat orientable compact multiply connected Riemannian 3-manifolds. An exponential damping of the energy $E(t)$ is present in the ${\cal R}^3$ case, whereas for the six compact flat 3-spaces it is found basically the same pattern for the evolution of the energy, namely relative minima and maxima occurring at different times (depending on the degree of connectedness) followed by a growth of $E(t)$. Likely reasons for this divergent behavior of $E(t)$ in these compact flat 3-manifolds are discussed and further developments are indicated. A misinterpretation of Wolf's results regarding one of the six orientable compact flat 3-manifolds is also indicated and rectified.
description: 13 pages, RevTeX, 5 figures, To appear in Phys. Rev. D 15, vol. 57 (1998)
title: Mitteilungen aus dem Geschäftsbereich der Herzoglichen Bau-Direction zu Braunschweig: pro 1893/94 im Anschlusse an die gleichartigen Mittheilungen aus den früheren Jahren
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 1896
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Architektur
subject: 902

description: Mitteilungen aus dem Geschäftsbereich der Herzoglichen Bau-Direction zu Braunschweig, vol. 1893/94
What are friends for?: The arts of making do and working out in Beijing, China
Creators: Zhang, Michelle
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Ethnology
Chinese
Friends and associates
Social networks
Youth

description: Through a second look at the now twenty-five-year-old literature on guanxi, a form of reciprocal relationship making and using in China, I examine how the kinds of opportunities and challenges possible for young people intersect with who they know and how this has changed (with its own set of reflections on and consequences for a still-rapidly changing China) since China’s rural to urban transition. My dissertation project examines how young people in contemporary urban China form and produce guanxi ties (resource-full relationships) through the theoretical lens of practice and possibility, inspired by de Certeau’s conceptualization of practice, productive consumption, and strategies versus tactics (1984). Drawing on qualitative data gathered through participant observation and unstructured interviews, I sought to both describe and analyze when, where, and how social networks became consequential. Central to my methodology is an emphasis on people and their practices rather than the common sense categories used to describe them. The people in my field research were predominantly aged 18-30 and came from a range of ethnic, professional, and education backgrounds. In so doing, I was able to examine the moments and contexts within which some people have opportunities and others do not, as well as when some are vulnerable while others are less so. I found that social networks can be formed in a variety of spaces, and sometimes most saliently in moments of serendipity. Chance encounters in spaces of play, without the artifice of traditional and structured gift-giving practices of building guanxi, provided people with opportunities and potential alternatives outside of more stringent work hierarchies. Ultimately, who people knew – their social networks – shaped the ways in which they experienced circumstances of precarity, instability, and possibility.
What is the range of impacts federally mandated special economic zones impose on the socioeconomic conditions of low-income New Yorkers?
Creators: Golvin, Jake Mayer
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Poor
Enterprise zones
City planning--Economic aspects
Unemployment

description: This thesis explores the overall impact of New York City’s Empowerment Zone initiative and concludes whether or not the policy promoted a significant rise in local employment. Moreover, it expands on data collected from the beginning of the program in 1993 to the present day alongside first-person interviews and obtains a conclusion which reflects on the planning implications set forth by the existing Federal Opportunity Zone program enacted under the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. B​y reflecting on the history and motivations that served as a foundation for these programs existence, quantifying the complete extent at which it affected low-income residents of Central Harlem and the South Bronx, and placing its impact on contemporary policy, this thesis posits a balanced conclusion addressing the exact planning implications Special Economic Zones (SEZs) place on impoverished neighborhoods throughout New York City​.
Numerical treatment of the hyperboloidal initial value problem for the vacuum Einstein equations. I. The conformal field equations
Creators: name: Frauendiener, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the first in a series of articles on the numerical solution of Friedrich's conformal field equations for Einstein's theory of gravity. We will discuss in this paper why one should be interested in applying the conformal method to physical problems and why there is good hope that this might even be a good idea from the numerical point of view. We describe in detail the derivation of the conformal field equations in the spinor formalism which we use for the implementation of the equations, and present all the equations as a reference for future work. Finally, we discuss the implications of the assumptions of a continuous symmetry.
description: 19 pages, LaTeX2e
Non-equilibrium Spin-Hall Effect in Aluminum and Tungsten
Creators: name: Chiang, Yu. N.
name: Dzyuba, M. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The method proposed by us in [1], which eliminates obstacles in the application of electrical methods for studying the spin-Hall effect (SHE) by creating a spin unbalance, which generates a charge unbalance, using the form effect without using polarized injected current, is used in this work to study and compare SHE of different origin - internal (band) and external (structural and impurity). The internal SHE (ISHE) was studied on ultrapure single crystal samples of uncompensated (aluminum) and compensated (tungsten) metals. The influence of external factors on SHE was studied on polycrystalline and impurity aluminum samples. The investigations were carried out in the region of small magnetic fields, which ensure the symmetry of the conventional Hall effect (CHE), which makes it possible to study the chiral behavior of the spin Hall effect.
Can nonextremal Reissner-Nordstrom black hole become extremal by assimilating infalling charged particle and shell?
Creators: name: Wang, Bin
name: Su, Ru-Keng
name: Yu, P. K. N.
name: Young, E. C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using the gedanken experiments suggested by Bekenstein and Rosenzweig, we have shown that nonextremal Reissner-Nordstrom black hole cannot turn into extremal one by assimilating infalling charged particle and charged spherical shell.
description: 6 pages, Latex version, accepted for publication on Phys.Rev.D
title: Mitteilungen aus dem Geschäftsbereich der Herzoglichen Bau-Direction zu Braunschweig: pro 1897/98 im Anschlusse an die gleichartigen Mittheilungen aus den früheren Jahren
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 1898
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Architektur
subject: 902

description: Mitteilungen aus dem Geschäftsbereich der Herzoglichen Bau-Direction zu Braunschweig, vol. 1897/98
What is Driving Changes in the Tropospheric Circulation? New Insights from Simplified Models
Creators: Tandon, Neil Francis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Atmosphere
Climatic changes

description: This thesis seeks an improved understanding of what has been driving changes in the large scale tropospheric circulation. First, we consider the effects of stratospheric water vapor levels, which exhibit significant changes on both interannual and decadal timescales. It is shown that idealized thermal forcings mimicking increases in stratospheric water vapor produce poleward expansion of the Hadley cells (HCs) and poleward shifts of the midlatitude jets. Quantitatively, the circulation responses are comparable to those produced by increased well-mixed greenhouse gases. This suggests that stratospheric water vapor may be a significant contribution to past and projected changes in the tropospheric circulation. The second part of this thesis focuses on the response to idealized thermal forcings in the troposphere. It is found that zonally uniform warming confined to a narrow region around the equator produces contraction of the HCs and equatorward shifts of the midlatitude jets. Forcings with wider meridional extent produce the opposite effect: HC expansion and poleward shifts of the jets. If the forcing is confined to the midlatitudes, the amount of HC expansion is more than three times that of a forcing of comparable amplitude that is spread over the tropics. This finding may be relevant to recently observed trends of amplified warming in the midlatitudes. Furthermore, a simple diffusive model is constructed to explain the sensitivity of the circulation response to the meridional structure of the thermal forcing. The final part of this thesis considers the possible influence of solar forcing on the tropospheric circulation. Of particular interest is the steady state response to a 0.1% increase in total solar irradiance (TSI), the approximate amplitude of the 11-year solar cycle. Using a comprehensive atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a mixed layer ocean, it is found that a 0.1% TSI increase produces a circulation response that has a high dependence on the background state. Specifically, a TSI perturbation applied to a present day climate produces an equatorward shift of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) midlatitude jet, while the same forcing applied to a warmer climate produces a poleward shift of the SH jet. Opposite-signed responses are also evident in regions of the sea surface temperature, sea level pressure, and precipitation fields. These divergent responses may help to explain why earlier studies reach highly disparate conclusions about the influence of solar variations on climate.
Excited State Specific Multi-Slater Jastrow Wave Functions
Creators: name: Flores, Sergio D. Pineda
name: Neuscamman, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We combine recent advances in excited state variational principles, fast multi-Slater Jastrow methods, and selective configuration interaction to create multi-Slater Jastrow wave function approximations that are optimized for individual excited states. In addition to the Jastrow variables and linear expansion coefficients, this optimization includes state-specific orbital relaxations in order to avoid the compromises necessary in state-averaged approaches. We demonstrate that, when combined with variance matching to help balance the quality of the approximation across different states, this approach delivers accurate excitation energies even when using very modest multi-Slater expansions. Intriguingly, this accuracy is maintained even when studying a difficult chlorine-anion-to-$π^{*}$ charge transfer in which traditional state-averaged multi-reference methods must contend with different states that require drastically different orbital relaxations.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
Enhancement of Kerr nonlinearity via multi-photon coherence
Creators: name: Matsko, A. B.
name: Novikova, I.
name: Welch, G. R.
name: Zubairy, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new method of resonant enhancement of optical Kerr nonlinearity using multi-level atomic coherence. The enhancement is accompanied by suppression of the other linear and nonlinear susceptibility terms of the medium. We show that the effect results in a modification of the nonlinear Faraday rotation of light propagating in an Rb87 vapor cell by changing the ellipticity of the light.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures Submitted to Optics Letters
title: Verhandlungen der durch landesfürstliche Verordnung No. 52 vom 10. October 1872 ersten ordentlichen Landessynode, eröffnet am 24. October und geschlossen am 26. November 1872
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 1872
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Herzogtum Braunschweig
subject: 902

description: Verhandlungen der ordentlichen Landessynode des Herzogthums Braunschweig, vol. 1872
title: Verhandlungen der durch landesfürstliche Verordnung No. 102 vom 4. November 1876 berufenen zweiten ordentlichen Landessynode, eröffnet am 23. November und geschlossen am 13. December 1876
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 1876
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Herzogtum Braunschweig
subject: 902

description: Verhandlungen der ordentlichen Landessynode des Herzogthums Braunschweig, vol. 1876
The Strange Flight of the Peacock: Farmers’ Atypical Northwesterly Migration from Central China, 200 BC–1400 AD
Creators: name: Pei, Qing
name: Nowak, Zachary
name: Guodong Li
name: Xu, Chong
name: Chan, Wing Ki
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: A common Chinese proverb—“A peacock flies southeast”—could describe the normative idea of the southeasterly spread of agriculturalists as a trend in historical China. Indeed, northwest China was the least attractive place to agriculturalists because of its much harsher climatic conditions. Previous research on the historical northwesterly movements of Chinese farmers has relied on isolated case studies and suggested a variety of causes. This study is the first attempt to bridge geographical and historical methodologies considering the influences of climate change to supplement current ideas about Chinese migration. This study surveyed 195 individual cases of northwesterly migration of agriculturalists from central China and along the Silk Road Region from 200 BC to 1400 AD, comparing historical records of these migration cases to extensive paleoclimate data. We found statistical evidence that the northwesterly movements of farmers increased when the climate was drier. The historical records were consulted to explain this seemingly atypical pattern. We conclude that the agriculturalists’ northwesterly migration increased during dry periods mainly as a response to the southward invasion of northern nomads, which was also a result of increased aridity. These conclusions add to the growing literature that indicates climate change as a central driver in intergroup conflict, having geopolitical implications. Forward-looking strategies relating to trade and immigration in the region, including the One Belt and One Road Initiative, should consider the shrinkage of rainfall under the potential threats of global warming. Increased aridity could have sizable effects on political, social, or economic structures far from north-central China. Key Words: climate change, historical China, northwesterly migration of agriculturalists, One Belt and One Road Initiative, paleoclimate archive.
Irreversible Time Flow in a Two-Dimensional Dilaton Black Hole with Matter
Creators: name: Diamandis, G. A.
name: Ellis, John
name: Georgalas, B. C.
name: Mavromatos, N. E.
name: Nanopoulos, D. V.
name: Papantonopoulos, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that an exact solution of two-dimensional dilaton gravity with matter discovered previously exhibits an irreversible temporal flow towards flat space with a vanishing cosmological constant. This time flow is induced by the back reaction of matter on the space-time geometry. We demonstrate that the system is not in equilibrium if the cosmological constant is non-zero, whereas the solution with zero cosmological constant is stable. The flow of the system towards this stable end-point is derived from the renormalization-group flow of the Zamolodchikov function. This behaviour is interpreted in terms of non-critical Liouville string, with the Liouville field identified as the target time.
description: 20 pages LATEX, three figures incorporated
What is the experience of foster care mothers?
Creators: Marti, Yamile M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Social service

description: Foster care parents are key members of the foster care system and have an immense responsibility to provide a new home, and a healthy, clean and nurturing environment for children who have been removed from their own homes.  Several studies have been conducted that discuss the risks and protective factors of foster care children, parenting skills and training, as well as retention strategies. However, only a few studies focus on the experience of foster care parents, specifically mothers, and what prompts them to take care of this defenseless population. A qualitative phenomenological study of 30 foster care mothers served by Episcopal Social Services of New York City was conducted to attempt to understand the unique experience of this group by identifying sources of support, family environment, experiences, satisfaction and cultural socio-environmental factors that have an impact on their role. This research included a first qualitative phenomenological study interviewing fifteen non-kinship foster mothers and a second qualitative phenomenological study interviewing fifteen kinship foster care mothers about their experiences. The interview questions and themes of these two studies are informed by an ecological systems framework. A caregiver stress and coping model, as well as role theory, were applied to understand foster mothers' and their view of their role versus the reality of what they experience, taking into consideration the influence of their non-kinship or kinship status. Among this group of foster care mothers, 20 foster care mothers identified as Latina encompassing the sub sample that was analyzed for the third study. The aim of this study was to understand how culture manifests among Latina foster care mothers. The research evaluates the role of empowerment theory and cultural constructs for this subgroup of Latina foster care mothers, and how both can be integrated into practice within the foster care system. The knowledge of the experience, challenges and views of foster care mothers elucidate important information for the provision of services and aid in the recommendation of interventions and future research for this population. Additionally, this research leads to suggestions to enhance recruitment and retention strategies within the foster care system. By studying foster care mothers, the researcher addresses an important gap in the literature and enhances current understanding of this population.
Ptychopseustis impar
Creators: name: Agassiz, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Crambidae
Ptychopseustis
Ptychopseustis impar

description: Ptychopseustis impar (Warren & Rothschild, 1905)
 Platytes impar Warren & Rothschild, 1905: 25, Pl. 4 fig. 8.
Imago (fig. 35): Wingspan 13–16 mm. Head and appendages pale buff, maxillary palpus short, labial palpus just greater than diameter of eye. Thorax and tegulae pale buff. Forewing ground colour pale buff, finely suffused darker scales especially in basal half of wing, irregular median fascia; second fascia similar, suffused dark fuscous beyond second fascia, subterminal row of dark fuscous spots. Hindwing pale fuscous, weak terminal spots.
Male genitalia: not examined.
Female genitalia: not examined.
Diagnosis: Distinguished by the pale median area of the forewing strongly contrasted with the fascias.
Life history; not known.
Distribution; Sudan.
Type material: Holotype ♀ [SUDAN] Nakheila, R. Atbara 5.ii.1904 (NHMUK)
Paratype ♀ same data as holotype, 7.ii.1904.
Other material examined: 1 specimen without abdomen, 5.ii.1904,, 1♀ same locality 31.i.1904, 1♀ Hudeiba 29.x.1966 CIE collection (abdomen glued on).
description: Published as part of Agassiz, David, 2022, The tribe Cybalomiini (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Crambidae, Glaphyrinae) of sub-Saharan Africa, pp. 101-156 in Zootaxa 5174 (2) on page 125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5174.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6986011
Probing QCD at the LHC: The special role of the top quark
Creators: name: Lipka, Katerina
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2019

description: 19th Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics, 22-28 Aug 2019,, Lomonosov 2019, Moscow, Russian Federation, 22 Aug 2019 - 28 Aug 2019
Instability of 1-loop superstring cosmology
Creators: name: Kawai, Shinsuke
name: Sakagami, Masa-aki
name: Soda, Jiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A stability analysis is made in the context of the previously discovered non-singular cosmological solution from 1-loop corrected superstring effective action. We found that this solution has an instability in graviton mode, which is shown to have a close relation to the avoidance of initial singularity via energy condition. We also estimate the condition for the breakdown of the background solution due to the overdominance of the graviton.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, revtex
title: Verhandlungen der durch landesfürstliche Verordnung No. 27 vom 25. October 1880 berufenen dritten ordentlichen Landessynode, eröffnet am 25. November und geschlossen am 10. December 1880
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 1880
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Herzogtum Braunschweig
subject: 902

description: Verhandlungen der ordentlichen Landessynode des Herzogthums Braunschweig, vol. 1880
Phase measurements with weak reference pulses
Creators: name: van Enk, S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum state discrimination for two coherent states with opposite phases as measured relative to a reference pulse is analyzed as functions of the intensities of both the signal states and of the reference pulse. This problem is relevant for Quantum Key Distribution with phase encoding. We consider both the optimum measurements and simple measurements that require only beamsplitters and photodetectors.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures. I apologize for this boring paper
Numerical treatment of the hyperboloidal initial value problem for the vacuum Einstein equations. II. The evolution equations
Creators: name: Frauendiener, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the second in a series of articles on the numerical solution of Friedrich's conformal field equations for Einstein's theory of gravity. We will discuss in this paper the numerical methods used to solve the system of evolution equations obtained from the conformal field equations. In particular we discuss in detail the choice of gauge source functions and the treatment of the boundaries. Of particular importance is the process of ``radiation extraction'' which can be performed in a straightforward way in the present formalism.
description: 30 pages, 13 figures, LaTeX2e
Search for a metallicity spread in the multiple population Large Magellanic Cloud cluster NGC 1978
Creators: name: Piatti, Andrés E.
name: Bailin, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the spread of [Fe/H] values in the massive Large Magellanic Cloud cluster NGC1978, recently confirmed to harbor multiple populations of nearly the same age. We used accurate Stromgren photometry of carefully selected cluster red giant branch stars along with a high-dispersion spectroscopy-based calibration of the metallicity-sensitive index m1. Once accounting for the photometry quality, assessed from extensive artificial stars tests to trace the photometric uncertainties as a function of the position to the cluster's center as well as the stellar brightness, and those from the metallicity calibration, we found that NGC1978 exhibits a small metallicity spread of 0.035 dex (+- 0.019-0.023), depending on whether stars with individual sigma[Fe/H] < 0.15 dex or those located in the cluster's outer areas are considered. Such a spread in [Fe/H] is consistent with a cluster formation model with self-enrichment, if mass loss higher than 90 per cent due to stellar evolutionary and galactic tidal effects is assumed. Nevertheless, scenarios where the apparent [Fe/H] variation reflects CN abundance anomalies or less extreme mass loss models with environmentally-dependent self enrichment should not be ruled out.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal
title: Metabolic plasticity, essentiality and therapeutic potential of ribose-5-phosphate synthesis in Toxoplasma gondii
Creators: name: Guo, Xuefang
name: Ji, Nuo
name: Guo, Qinghong
name: Wang, Mengting
name: Du, Huiyu
name: Pan, Jiajia
name: Xiao, Lihua
name: Gupta, Nishith
name: Feng, Yaoyu
name: Xia, Ningbo
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Parasite biology
subject: Parasite genetics
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik

description: Ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) is a precursor for nucleic acid biogenesis; however, the importance and homeostasis of R5P in the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii remain enigmatic. Here, we show that the cytoplasmic sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) is dispensable. Still, its co-deletion with transaldolase (TAL) impairs the double mutant’s growth and increases 13 C-glucose-derived flux into pentose sugars via the transketolase (TKT) enzyme. Deletion of the latter protein affects the parasite’s fitness but is not lethal and is correlated with an increased carbon flux via the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. Further, loss of TKT leads to a decline in 13 C incorporation into glycolysis and the TCA cycle, resulting in a decrease in ATP levels and the inability of phosphoribosyl-pyrophosphate synthetase (PRPS) to convert R5P into 5′-phosphoribosyl-pyrophosphate and thereby contribute to the production of AMP and IMP. Likewise, PRPS is essential for the lytic cycle. Not least, we show that RuPE-mediated metabolic compensation is imperative for the survival of the ΔsbpaseΔtal strain. In conclusion, we demonstrate that multiple routes can flexibly supply R5P to enable parasite growth and identify catalysis by TKT and PRPS as critical enzymatic steps. Our work provides novel biological and therapeutic insights into the network design principles of intracellular parasitism in a clinically-relevant pathogen.
title: Verhandlungen der vierten ordentlichen Landes-Synode, eröffnet am 4. December 1884 und geschlossen am 17. December 1886
title: Die Landessynode tagte vom 4. bis incl. 12. Decbr. 1884 und vom 14. bis incl. 17. Decbr 1886
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 1886
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Herzogtum Braunschweig
subject: 902

description: Verhandlungen der ordentlichen Landessynode des Herzogthums Braunschweig, vol. 1886
title: Collective incentives reduce over-exploitation of social information in unconstrained human groups
Creators: name: Deffner, Dominik
name: Mezey, David
name: Kahl, Benjamin
name: Schakowski, Alexander
name: Romanczuk, Pawel
name: Wu, Charley M.
name: Kurvers, Ralf H. J. M.
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Behavioural ecology
subject: Human behaviour
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik

description: Collective dynamics emerge from countless individual decisions. Yet, we poorly understand the processes governing dynamically-interacting individuals in human collectives under realistic conditions. We present a naturalistic immersive-reality experiment where groups of participants searched for rewards in different environments, studying how individuals weigh personal and social information and how this shapes individual and collective outcomes. Capturing high-resolution visual-spatial data, behavioral analyses revealed individual-level gains—but group-level losses—of high social information use and spatial proximity in environments with concentrated (vs. distributed) resources. Incentivizing participants at the group (vs. individual) level facilitated adaptation to concentrated environments, buffering apparently excessive scrounging. To infer discrete choices from unconstrained interactions and uncover the underlying decision mechanisms, we developed an unsupervised Social Hidden Markov Decision model. Computational results showed that participants were more sensitive to social information in concentrated environments frequently switching to a social relocation state where they approach successful group members. Group-level incentives reduced participants’ overall responsiveness to social information and promoted higher selectivity over time. Finally, mapping group-level spatio-temporal dynamics through time-lagged regressions revealed a collective exploration-exploitation trade-off across different timescales. Our study unravels the processes linking individual-level strategies to emerging collective dynamics, and provides tools to investigate decision-making in freely-interacting collectives.
Phoenix: An Epidemic Approach to Time Reconstruction
Creators: name: Gupchup, Jayant
name: Carlson, Douglas
name: Musăloiu-E., Răzvan
name: Szalay, Alex
name: Terzis, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Harsh deployment environments and uncertain run-time conditions create numerous challenges for postmortem time reconstruction methods. For example, motes often reboot and thus lose their clock state, considering that the majority of mote platforms lack a real-time clock. While existing time reconstruction methods for long-term data gathering networks rely on a persistent basestation for assigning global timestamps to measurements, the basestation may be unavailable due to hardware and software faults. We present Phoenix, a novel offline algorithm for reconstructing global timestamps that is robust to frequent mote reboots and does not require a persistent global time source. This independence sets Phoenix apart from the majority of time reconstruction algorithms which assume that such a source is always available. Motes in Phoenix exchange their time-related state with their neighbors, establishing a chain of transitive temporal relationships to one or more motes with references to the global time. These relationships allow Phoenix to reconstruct the measurement timeline for each mote. Results from simulations and a deployment indicate that Phoenix can achieve timing accuracy up to 6 ppm for 99% of the collected measurements. Phoenix is able to maintain this performance for periods that last for months without a persistent global time source. To achieve this level of performance for the targeted environmental monitoring application, Phoenix requires an additional space overhead of 4% and an additional duty cycle of 0.2%.
On Kodaira fibrations with invariant cohomology
Creators: name: Bregman, Corey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A Kodaira fibration is a compact, complex surface admitting a holomorphic submersion onto a complex curve, such that the fibers have nonconstant moduli. We consider Kodaira fibrations X with nontrivial invariant rational cohomology in degree 1, proving that if the dimension of the holomorphic invariants is 1 or 2, then X admits a branch covering over a product of curves inducing an isomorphism on rational cohomology in degree 1. We also study the class of Kodaira fibrations possessing a holomorphic section, and demonstrate that having a section imposes no restriction on possible monodromies.
description: 17 pages, no figures. Comments welcome
Four Nations Study: A comparative systems review and thematic policy analysis of public health across the four constituent countries of the UK
Creators: name: Barnes, Amy
name: Baxter, Susan
name: Beynon, Claire
name: Black, Michelle
name: Clowes, Mark
name: Dallat, Mary
name: Davies, Alisha R
name: Furber, Andrew
name: Goyder, Elizabeth
name: Jeffery, Catherine
name: Kritsotakis, Evangelos
name: Strong, Mark
Publisher: name: The University of Sheffield
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 160508 Health Policy

description: A comparative systems review and thematic policy analysis of public health across the four constituent countries of the UK.
By developing an evidence-based public health systems framework, the report explores the similarities and differences between the public health systems in England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales since national devolution to identify areas for shared learning. The framework was refined through systematic reviews of the public health systems overall and of an example area ‘child development in the early years’.
p-Adic physics below and above Planck scales
Creators: name: Altaisky, Mikhail V.
name: Sidharth, B. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a rewiew and also new possible applications of $p$-adic numbers to pre-spacetime physics. It is shown that instead of the extension $R^n\to Q_p^n$, which is usually implied in $p$-adic quantum field theory, it is possible to build a model based on the $R^n\to Q_p$, where p=n+2 extension and get rid of loop divergences. It is also shown that the concept of mass naturally arises in $p$-adic models as inverse transition probability with a dimensional constant of proportionality.
description: 8 pages, RevTeX, 2 encapsulated postscript figures, Invited paper to appear in the special issue of the Journal of Chaos, Solitons and Fractals on : "Superstrings, M, F, S ...Theory" M. S. El Naschie, C. Castro, Editors
title: Verhandlungen der fünften ordentlichen Landes-Synode, eröffnet am 19. December 1888 und geschlossen am 16. Februar 1889
title: Die Landessynode tagte am 19. December 1888, vom 16. bis incl. 28. Januar und vom 12. bis incl. 16. Februar 1889
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 1889
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Herzogtum Braunschweig
subject: 902

description: Verhandlungen der ordentlichen Landessynode des Herzogthums Braunschweig, vol. 1889
Origin of radio-quiet coronal mass ejections in flare stars
Creators: name: Mullan, D. J.
name: Paudel, R. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Type II radio bursts are observed in the Sun in association with many coronal mass ejections (CME's. In view of this association, there has been an expectation that, by scaling from solar flares to the flares which are observed on M dwarfs, radio emission analogous to solar Type II bursts should be detectable in association with M dwarf flares. However, several surveys have revealed that this expectation does not seem to be fulfilled. Here we hypothesize that the presence of larger global field strengths in low-mass stars, suggested by recent magneto-convective modeling, gives rise to such large Alfven speeds in the corona that it becomes difficult to satisfy the conditions for the generation of Type II radio bursts. As a result, CME's propagating in the corona/wind of a flare stars are expected to be "radio-quiet" as regards Type II bursts. In view of this, we suggest that, in the context of Type II bursts, scaling from solar to stellar flares is of limited effectiveness.
description: 22 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
title: Temperature-related neonatal deaths attributable to climate change in 29 low- and middle-income countries
Creators: name: Dimitrova, Asya
name: Dimitrova, Anna
name: Mengel, Matthias
name: Gasparrini, Antonio
name: Lotze-Campen, Hermann
name: Gabrysch, Sabine
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Ecological modelling
subject: Environmental health
subject: Epidemiology
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik

description: Exposure to high and low ambient temperatures increases the risk of neonatal mortality, but the contribution of climate change to temperature-related neonatal deaths is unknown. We use Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data (n = 40,073) from 29 low- and middle-income countries to estimate the temperature-related burden of neonatal deaths between 2001 and 2019 that is attributable to climate change. We find that across all countries, 4.3% of neonatal deaths were associated with non-optimal temperatures. Climate change was responsible for 32% (range: 19-79%) of heat-related neonatal deaths, while reducing the respective cold-related burden by 30% (range: 10-63%). Climate change has impacted temperature-related neonatal deaths in all study countries, with most pronounced climate-induced losses from increased heat and gains from decreased cold observed in countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Future increases in global mean temperatures are expected to exacerbate the heat-related burden, which calls for ambitious mitigation and adaptation measures to safeguard the health of newborns.
Asymptotic K-theory for groups acting on $\tildeA_2$ buildings
Creators: name: Robertson, Guyan
name: Steger, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L80, 51E24

description: Let $Γ$ be a torsion free lattice in $G=\PGL(3,{\mathbb F})$ where ${\mathbb F}$ is a nonarchimedean local field. Then $Γ$ acts freely on the affine Bruhat-Tits building ${\mathcal B}$ of $G$ and there is an induced action on the boundary $Ω$ of ${\mathcal B}$. The crossed product $C^*$-algebra ${\mathcal A}(Γ)=C(Ω) \rtimes Γ$ depends only on $Γ$ and is classified by its K-theory. This article shows how to compute the K-theory of ${\mathcal A}(Γ)$ and of the larger class of rank two Cuntz-Krieger algebras.
description: 26 pages
Quons Restricted to the Antisymmetric Subspace: Formalism and Applications
Creators: name: Avancini, S. S.
name: Cruz, F. F. de Souza
name: Marinelli, J. R.
name: Menezes, D. P.
name: de Moraes, M. M. Watanabe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we develop a formalism to treat quons restricted to the antisymmetric part of their many-body space. A model in which a system of identical quons interact through a pairing force is then solved within this restriction and the differences between our solution and the usual fermionic model solution are then presented and discussed in detail. Possible connections to physical systems are also considered.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Wheels When Who Wants Them: Assessing Social Equity and Access Implications of Carsharing in NYC
Creators: Shellooe, Stephanie D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Transportation--Planning
City planning

description: Carsharing operations such as Zipcar have grown in popularity in the last two decades, and provide a case study for examining transportation equity. These programs provide a vehicle to rent by the hour or day usually based on an hourly fee and an annual membership fee. The service provides a transportation alternative that could reduce economic and environmental costs of car use, and increase access -- ultimately creating a more sustainable transportation network. However, as with many transportation investments, it is unclear whether these benefits are actually accruing to those with the most limited transport options. Governments subsidize carsharing operations through free parking for shared vehicles; New York City has even altered its zoning code to promote carsharing and encourages the system through PlaNYC 2030. Public subsidization provides the impetus for analyzing private carshare providers through a social justice framework. This thesis will examine whether the distribution of Zipcars (the largest carsharing operator in NYC) is socially equitable, and whether carsharing could potentially increase transport equity through alternative carshare models. The study uses mixed methods including spatial and statistical analysis of carshare density to determine if shared vehicles are correlated with equity variables, controlling for feasibility indicators. This research also includes an intercept survey to determine the barriers and potential of carsharing for non-work trips. The results indicate that shared vehicle density is most closely related to low car ownership, high level of alternative commuters, and high level of education; and that both spatial and corporate barriers exclude segments of the public from participating in the service. Expanding the opportunity to access carsharing through community-based innovations and government intervention could create a more equitable and sustainable transportation system.
Symmetry reduced Einstein gravity and generalized sigma and chiral models
Creators: name: Ashtekar, Abhay
name: Husain, Viqar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Certain features associated with the symmetry reduction of the vacuum Einstein equations by two commuting, space-like Killing vector fields are studied. In particular, the discussion encompasses the equations for the Gowdy $T^3$ cosmology and cylindrical gravitational waves. We first point out a relation between the $SL(2,R)$ (or SO(3)) $σ$ and principal chiral models, and then show that the reduced Einstein equations can be obtained from a dimensional reduction of the standard SL(2,R) sigma-model in three dimensions. The reduced equations can also be derived from the action of a `generalized' two dimensional SL(2,R) sigma-model with a time dependent constraint. We give a Hamiltonian formulation of this action, and show that the Hamiltonian evolution equations for certain phase space variables are those of a certain generalization of the principal chiral model. Using these Hamiltonian equations, we give a prescription for obtaining an infinite set of constants of motion explicitly as functionals of the space-time metric variables.
description: 17 pages, latex, reference added, a subtlety commented on; to appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys. D