Automatic rating of incomplete hippocampal inversions evaluated across multiple cohorts
Creators: name: Hemforth, Lisa
name: Couvy-Duchesne, Baptiste
name: De Matos, Kevin
name: Brianceau, Camille
name: Joulot, Matthieu
name: Banaschewski, Tobias
name: Bokde, Arun L. W.
name: Desrivières, Sylvane
name: Flor, Herta
name: Grigis, Antoine
name: Garavan, Hugh
name: Gowland, Penny
name: Heinz, Andreas
name: Brühl, Rüdiger
name: Martinot, Jean-Luc
name: Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère
name: Artiges, Eric
name: Papadopoulos, Dimitri
name: Lemaitre, Herve
name: Paus, Tomas
name: Poustka, Luise
name: Hohmann, Sarah
name: Holz, Nathalie
name: Fröhner, Juliane H.
name: Smolka, Michael N.
name: Vaidya, Nilakshi
name: Walter, Henrik
name: Whelan, Robert
name: Schumann, Gunter
name: Büchel, Christian
name: Poline, JB
name: Itterman, Bernd
name: Frouin, Vincent
name: Martin, Alexandre
name: group, IMAGEN study
name: Cury, Claire
name: Colliot, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Incomplete Hippocampal Inversion (IHI), sometimes called hippocampal malrotation, is an atypical anatomical pattern of the hippocampus found in about 20% of the general population. IHI can be visually assessed on coronal slices of T1 weighted MR images, using a composite score that combines four anatomical criteria. IHI has been associated with several brain disorders (epilepsy, schizophrenia). However, these studies were based on small samples. Furthermore, the factors (genetic or environmental) that contribute to the genesis of IHI are largely unknown. Large-scale studies are thus needed to further understand IHI and their potential relationships to neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, visual evaluation is long and tedious, justifying the need for an automatic method. In this paper, we propose, for the first time, to automatically rate IHI. We proceed by predicting four anatomical criteria, which are then summed up to form the IHI score, providing the advantage of an interpretable score. We provided an extensive experimental investigation of different machine learning methods and training strategies. We performed automatic rating using a variety of deep learning models (conv5-FC3, ResNet and SECNN) as well as a ridge regression. We studied the generalization of our models using different cohorts and performed multi-cohort learning. We relied on a large population of 2,008 participants from the IMAGEN study, 993 and 403 participants from the QTIM/QTAB studies as well as 985 subjects from the UKBiobank. We showed that deep learning models outperformed a ridge regression. We demonstrated that the performances of the conv5-FC3 network were at least as good as more complex networks while maintaining a low complexity and computation time. We showed that training on a single cohort may lack in variability while training on several cohorts improves generalization.
description: Accepted for publication at the Journal of Machine Learning for Biomedical Imaging (MELBA) https://melba-journal.org/2024:016