cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Automated Surface Texture Analysis via Discrete Cosine Transform and Discrete Wavelet Transform
Creators: name: Yesilli, Melih C.
name: Chen, Jisheng
name: Khasawneh, Firas A.
name: Guo, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Surface roughness and texture are critical to the functional performance of engineering components. The ability to analyze roughness and texture effectively and efficiently is much needed to ensure surface quality in many surface generation processes, such as machining, surface mechanical treatment, etc. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) are two commonly used signal decomposition tools for surface roughness and texture analysis. Both methods require selecting a threshold to decompose a given surface into its three main components: form, waviness, and roughness. However, although DWT and DCT are part of the ISO surface finish standards, there exists no systematic guidance on how to compute these thresholds, and they are often manually selected on case by case basis. This makes utilizing these methods for studying surfaces dependent on the user's judgment and limits their automation potential. Therefore, we present two automatic threshold selection algorithms based on information theory and signal energy. We use machine learning to validate the success of our algorithms both using simulated surfaces as well as digital microscopy images of machined surfaces. Specifically, we generate feature vectors for each surface area or profile and apply supervised classification. Comparing our results with the heuristic threshold selection approach shows good agreement with mean accuracies as high as 95\%. We also compare our results with Gaussian filtering (GF) and show that while GF results for areas can yield slightly higher accuracies, our results outperform GF for surface profiles. We further show that our automatic threshold selection has significant advantages in terms of computational time as evidenced by decreasing the number of mode computations by an order of magnitude compared to the heuristic thresholding for DCT.
Using Spatial Analysis in an Evidence Informed Approach to Community Engagement in Design
Creators: name: Nath, Chand
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2018

description: This thesis conceptually stems from the researcher’s experience in participatory design practice in India and her subsequent experience in research and practice of the analytical and evidence informed design approaches of Space Syntax in the UK. Urban design is a set of complex relationships between all the elements of built and unbuilt space in cities. It is imperative that the design processes address these complex socio-spatial relations that govern its form. Whilst, current design approaches attempt to respond to the socio-spatial structure of the city, they have certain limitations. This study focuses on two such limitations - a disconnect between the user and the architect; and a lack of credible rationalisation and evidence to address this complexity through design decision making. In order to address these limitations, an integrated design approach is suggested, that uses spatial analysis in an engagement led design process. The relation between spatial analysis, engagement and evidence in this design approach is made through the concepts of user behaviour and user experience in space. Space Syntax theories have been selected as an example of spatial analysis methods. These are based on two fundamental principles - first, that spatial and environmental behaviour is a function of the configuration of spaces (spatial patterns) and not individual spaces; second, that the vitality of a space is not a result of its local qualities but that of the properties of the larger urban grid (global). This thesis argues that in order for spatial analysis to be complete, it should be supported by both behavioural and experiential evidence. The effective application of this is suggested through an integrated ‘mixed method’ approach where the spatial analysis applied and experiential evidence gathered from community engagement be identified as a key agenda as part of the project (vision) and a structured program, not an afterthought.
MPEC 2023-S35 : 2023 RF16
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 RF16

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Electrostatically confined monolayer graphene quantum dots with orbital and valley splittings
Creators: name: Freitag, Nils M.
name: Chizhova, Larisa A.
name: Nemes-Incze, Peter
name: Woods, Colin R.
name: Gorbachev, Roman V.
name: Cao, Yang
name: Geim, Andre K.
name: Novoselov, Kostya S.
name: Burgdörfer, Joachim
name: Libisch, Florian
name: Morgenstern, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electrostatic confinement of massless charge carriers is hampered by Klein tunneling. Circumventing this problem in graphene mainly relies on carving out nanostructures or applying electric displacement fields to open a band gap in bilayer graphene. So far, these approaches suffer from edge disorder or insufficiently controlled localization of electrons. Here we realize an alternative strategy in monolayer graphene, by combining a homogeneous magnetic field and electrostatic confinement. Using the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope, we induce a confining potential in the Landau gaps of bulk graphene without the need for physical edges. Gating the localized states towards the Fermi energy leads to regular charging sequences with more than 40 Coulomb peaks exhibiting typical addition energies of 7-20 meV. Orbital splittings of 4-10 meV and a valley splitting of about 3 meV for the first orbital state can be deduced. These experimental observations are quantitatively reproduced by tight binding calculations, which include the interactions of the graphene with the aligned hexagonal boron nitride substrate. The demonstrated confinement approach appears suitable to create quantum dots with well-defined wave function properties beyond the reach of traditional techniques.
title: New World Orders: The Scientific Romances of George Griffith
Creators: name: Baldwin, Adam W
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2024

description: This thesis aims to establish George Griffith (1857-1906) as an important writer of late nineteenth-century science fiction. Since Griffith’s death only a handful of his novels have been reprinted, despite their popularity during his lifetime. This has both led to and enabled Griffith’s near disappearance from modern critical consciousness, overlooked by most, dismissed as unimportant by others, with only a very few critics taking Griffith’s contribution to science fiction seriously. This thesis demonstrates that Griffith was instrumental in the creation of the newly emerging genre of the scientific romance, by drawing on different elements of pre-existing genres, such as the utopian novel, the future-war novel, and the adventure romance. This thesis argues that Griffith’s work is of interest and importance because his novels vividly articulate the dominant concerns of late-Victorian Britain: democracy and imperialism; the rise of commercialism; the New Woman; and the potential impact of scientific discoveries and innovative technologies on Britain and its empire. I demonstrate the importance of Griffith’s writing by undertaking close readings of six key works in their publishing, literary and historical context(s), including analyses of the vivid illustrations accompanying the stories. In the process, I explore how Griffith’s scientific romances represent and interrogate in popular narrative form the social contradictions of the 1890s.
Spherical and Planar Ball Bearings -- a Study of Integrable Cases
Creators: name: Dragović, Vladimir
name: Gajić, Borislav
name: Jovanović, Božidar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37J60, 37J35, 70E40, 70F25

description: We consider the nonholonomic systems of $n$ homogeneous balls $\mathbf B_1,\dots,\mathbf B_n$ with the same radius $r$ that are rolling without slipping about a fixed sphere $\mathbf S_0$ with center $O$ and radius $R$. In addition, it is assumed that a dynamically nonsymmetric sphere $\mathbf S$ with the center that coincides with the center $O$ of the fixed sphere $\mathbf S_0$ rolls without slipping in contact to the moving balls $\mathbf B_1,\dots,\mathbf B_n$. The problem is considered in four different configurations. We derive the equations of motion and prove that these systems possess an invariant measure. As the main result, for $n=1$ we found two cases that are integrable in quadratures according to the Euler-Jacobi theorem. The obtained integrable nonholonomic models are natural extensions of the well-known Chaplygin ball integrable problems. Further, we explicitly integrate the planar problem consisting of $n$ homogeneous balls of the same radius, but with different masses, that roll without slipping over a fixed plane $Σ_0$ with a plane $Σ$ that moves without slipping over these balls.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, this paper is a continuation of arXiv:2208.03009 [math-ph]
title: Mit LoRa-Technologie und Scratch eigene Netzwerke programmieren
Creators: name: Temperli, Beat
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Informatikunterricht
subject: Raspberry Pi
subject: Scratch
subject: Netzwerke

description: Schülerinnen und Schüler nutzen täglich ihre Smartphones und versenden häufig Nachrichten an Freundinnen und Freunde. Snapchat, Tiktok, Instagram und bei vielen weiteren Apps – der «Senden»-Knopf wird viel genutzt. Doch wie kommt die Nachricht beim Gegenüber an? Wie weiss das eigene Mobiltelefon, an wen die Emojis gesendet werden sollen? Im Rahmen der Unterrichtseinheit "Mit LoRa-Technologie das Netzwerk kennenlernen" erstellen die Lernenden der siebten bis neunten Klasse mithilfe von "Scratch" und "Physical Computing" ein eigenes Netzwerk und senden Nachrichten an andere Teams in ihrer Klasse. Dabei lernen sie, wie in einem unkonfigurierten Netzwerk rohe und verarbeitete Daten übertragen werden können. Das zugrundeliegende "leere" Netzwerk basiert auf der modernen LoRa-Technologie. Die kostengünstigen Geräte können von Schülerinnen und Schülern mit Scratch programmiert werden, um so eigene Nachrichten über das LoRa-Netzwerk zu senden und fremde Nachrichten zu empfangen. Die Lernenden können einfache Chats bis hin zu komplexen Kommunikationssystemen erstellen, bei denen neben den eigentlichen Nachrichtentexten auch Metadaten wie Empfänger- und Absenderadressen übertragen und ausgelesen werden können. So werden parallele Chats zwischen mehreren Geräten ermöglicht. Die Unterrichtseinheit zeigt didaktisch reduziert auf, wie Chat-Apps kommunizieren beziehungsweise wie Netzwerkprotokolle funktionieren und verdeutlicht den Lernenden, dass oft nicht nur eine Nachricht selbst versendet wird, sondern dass zusätzliche Informationen erforderlich sind, um eine Nachricht an ihr Ziel zu bringen. Die sogenannten Metadaten, die mit den Nachrichten verknüpft werden, beinhalten in diesem Fall mindestens Informationen zu Absender und Empfänger. In dieser enaktiven Lernumgebung arbeiten die Schülerinnen und Schüler in ihrem eigenen Lerntempo und können dank dem ausgeklügelten Aufbau direkt die gesamte Kommunikation im Netzwerk beobachten. So erlernen sie die Grundlagen im Informatikkonzept der Netzwerkkommunikation.
Feminist Hashtag Activism and Digital Counterpublics: #ChallengeAccepted and Un Violador en Tu Camino
Creators: name: Evans, Sarah J.
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Digital Ethnography
subject: Feminist Standpoint Theory
subject: Counterpublics
subject: Hashtag Activism
subject: Social Media
subject: Critical Discourse Analysis
subject: #ChallengeAccepted
subject: Un Violador en Tu Camino

description: This study combines scholarship on the digital counterpublic and feminist standpoint theory to illuminate the emergent and disruptive discourses generated by viral trends #Challenge Accepted and “Un Violador en Tu Camino”. I examine how geography, positionality, identity, and standpoint impact the narrative construction of viral posts and videos on Instagram as they flow into new online spaces and their visibility is negotiated. My research illustrates how multiple standpoints are presented within the feminist counterpublic as a result of the different and diverse understandings, experiences and subjectivities counterpublic members possess and the new ways feminist activists, organizers and cultural workers are disrupting mainstream narratives within their own digital feminist networks and communities. The trends I study demonstrate two poles of potentiality for feminist activism on social media. I reveal how online feminist activism can become ensnarled between ineffectual, distorted narratives which stagnate activism and important viral moments where true intersectional solidarity and resistance are achieved.
Electric-field noise from carbon-adatom diffusion on a Au(110) surface: first-principles calculations and experiments
Creators: name: Kim, E.
name: Safavi-Naini, A.
name: Hite, D. A.
name: McKay, K. S.
name: Pappas, D. P.
name: Weck, P. F.
name: Sadeghpour, H. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The decoherence of trapped-ion quantum gates due to heating of their motional modes is a fundamental science and engineering problem. This heating is attributed to electric-field noise arising from the trap-electrode surfaces. In this work, we investigate the source of this noise by focusing on the diffusion of carbon-containing adsorbates on the surface of Au(110). We show by density functional theory, based on detailed scanning probe microscopy, how the carbon adatom diffusion on the gold surface changes the energy landscape, and how the adatom dipole moment varies with the diffusive motion. A simple model for the diffusion noise, which varies quadratically with the variation of the dipole moment, qualitatively reproduces the measured noise spectrum, and the estimate of the noise spectral density is in accord with measured values.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
title: Das Prinzip des verstärkenden Lernens im Rollenspiel erkunden
Creators: name: Strecker, Kerstin
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Rollenspiel
subject: verstärkendes Lernen
subject: Künstliche Intelligenz

description: In diesem Beitrag beschreiben wir ein Rollenspiel, das im Unterricht bereits ab der Sekundarstufe 1 mit der gesamten Klasse durchgeführt werden kann und das Prinzip des verstärkenden Lernens im Themenbereich „maschinelles Lernen“ erfahrbar macht.
CycleSense: Detecting Near Miss Incidents in Bicycle Traffic from Mobile Motion Sensors
Creators: name: Karakaya, Ahmet-Serdar
name: Ritter, Thomas
name: Biessmann, Felix
name: Bermbach, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In cities worldwide, cars cause health and traffic problems whichcould be partly mitigated through an increased modal share of bicycles. Many people, however, avoid cycling due to a lack of perceived safety. For city planners, addressing this is hard as they lack insights intowhere cyclists feel safe and where they do not. To gain such insights,we have in previous work proposed the crowdsourcing platform SimRa,which allows cyclists to record their rides and report near miss incidentsvia a smartphone app. In this paper, we present CycleSense, a combination of signal pro-cessing and Machine Learning techniques, which partially automatesthe detection of near miss incidents, thus making the reporting of nearmiss incidents easier. Using the SimRa data set, we evaluate CycleSenseby comparing it to a baseline method used by SimRa and show that itsignificantly improves incident detection.
Cross-validation and bootstrap methods in input selection and testing for the significance of input : neural network input selection perspective
Creators: name: Lee, Seung Soo.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Experimental Evidence of Directivity-Enhancing Mechanisms in Nonlinear Lattices
Creators: name: Ganesh, R.
name: Gonella, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, we experimentally investigate the directional characteristics of propagating, finite-amplitude wave packets in lattice materials, with an emphasis on the functionality enhancement due to the nonlinearly-generated higher harmonics. To this end, we subject a thin, periodically perforated sheet to out-of-plane harmonic excitations, and we design a systematic measurement and data processing routine that leverages the full-wavefield reconstruction capabilities of a laser vibrometer to precisely delineate the effects of nonlinearity. We demonstrate experimentally that the interplay of dispersion, nonlinearity, and modal complexity which is involved in the generation and propagation of higher harmonics gives rise to secondary wave packets with characteristics that conform to the dispersion relation of the corresponding linear structure. Furthermore, these nonlinearly generated wave features display modal and directional characteristics that are complementary to those exhibited by the fundamental harmonic, thus resulting in an augmentation of the functionality landscape of the lattice. These results provide proof of concept for the possibility to engineer the nonlinear wave response of mechanical metamaterials through a geometric and topological design of the unit cell.
title: Unterstützende Werkzeuge zum Einstieg in die Algorithmik (Ozobots, Calliope Mini, Arduino)
Creators: name: Kiesmüller, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Werkzeuge
subject: Ozobot
subject: Arduino
subject: Physical Computing
subject: Calliope

description: In diesem Artikel werden Einsatzmöglichkeiten verschiedener Werkzeuge im Informatikunterricht der Sekundarstufe für den Themenbereich Algorithmik bzw. Einstieg ins Programmieren vorgestellt. Der Fokus wird hierbei auf die Mikrocontroller-Boards bzw. Roboter Calliope Mini, Ozobot und Arduino gelegt. Den Ausführungen liegen jahrelange Erfahrungen zugrunde, die beim Einsatz dieser Werkzeuge im Informatik-Unterricht der 7. Jahrgangsstufe (in Bayern) gesammelt wurden. Da der Ozobot ab Beginn des Schuljahres 2023/2024 auch in der neu strukturierten 11. Jahrgangsstufe des neuen bayerischen Gymnasiums im Bereich Algorithmik eingesetzt werden wird, ist dessen Betrachtung besonders ausführlich gestaltet.
An energy-stable Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics discretization of the Navier-Stokes-Cahn-Hilliard model for incompressible two-phase flows
Creators: name: Feng, Xiaoyu
name: Qiao, Zhonghua
name: Sun, Shuyu
name: Wang, Xiuping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Varieties of energy-stable numerical methods have been developed for incompressible two-phase flows based on the Navier-Stokes-Cahn-Hilliard (NSCH) model in the Eulerian framework, while few investigations have been made in the Lagrangian framework. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a popular mesh-free Lagrangian method for solving complex fluid flows. In this paper, we present a pioneering study on the energy-stable SPH discretization of the NSCH model for incompressible two-phase flows. We prove that this SPH method inherits mass and momentum conservation and energy dissipation properties at the fully discrete level. With the projection procedure to decouple the momentum and continuity equations, the numerical scheme meets the divergence-free condition. Some numerical experiments are carried out to show the performance of the proposed energy-stable SPH method for solving the two-phase NSCH model. The inheritance of mass and momentum conservation and the energy dissipation properties are verified numerically.
Superfluid density in cuprates: hints on gauge compositeness of the holes
Creators: name: Marchetti, P. A.
name: Bighin, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that several features (the three-dimensional XY universality for moderate underdoping, the almost-BCS behaviour for moderate overdoping and the critical exponent) of the superfluid density in hole-doped cuprates hint at a composite structure of the holes. This idea can be implemented in a spin-charge gauge approach to the $t - t' - J$ model and provides indeed good agreement with available experimental data.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, to be published in the proceedings of the International Conference in Superconductivty and Magnetism ICSM2016
title: KI in der Kiste: Unterrichtsaktivitäten aus einem Lernlabor zum Thema Künstliche Intelligenz
Creators: name: Lindner, Annabel
name: Müller-Unterweger, Michaela
name: Berges, Marc
name: Rösch, Mathias
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Künstliche Intelligenz
subject: Lernlabor
subject: Unplugged

description: Der Beitrag präsentiert eine Sammlung von Unterrichtsaktivitäten, die im Rahmen der Entwicklung eines Lernlabors zum Thema Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) entstanden sind. Die Aktivitäten können in verschiedenen Jahrgangsstufen, Schulformen und Unterrichtsfächern als Impulse und thematische Aufhänger zur Vermittlung verschiedener Konzepte aus dem Bereich der KI eingesetzt werden. Es werden exemplarisch fünf Aktivitäten aus der Sammlung vorgestellt. In der Aktivität Gesucht: KI können Schüler:innen den Einsatz von KI-Algorithmen in Alltagsgegenständen unterstützt durch Bildkarten diskutieren. Es war einmal ... bietet einen Überblick über die historische Entwicklung von KI-Systemen, während Realitäts-Tabu sich mit der Komplexität der Realität und ihrer Verarbeitung durch KI-Systeme befasst. Die Orakel-Cops stellen Szenarien des Predictive Policing nach und in der Aktivität Künstler:in unbekannt versuchen die Schüler:innen, KI-Artefakte von menschlichen Kunstwerken zu unterscheiden.
Monopole Josephson Effects in a Dirac Spin Liquid
Creators: name: Nambiar, Gautam
name: Bulmash, Daniel
name: Galitski, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dirac Spin liquids (DSLs) are gapless featureless states, yet interesting by virtue of the effective field theory describing them -- (2+1)-dimensional quantum electrodynamics (QED$_3$). Further, a DSL is known to be a "parent state" of various seemingly unrelated ordered states, such as antiferromagnets and valence bond solids in the sense that one can obtain ordered states by condensing magnetic monopoles of the emergent gauge field. Can operators in the effective field theory, such as the emergent electric field, be externally induced and measured? In this work, we exploit the parent state picture to argue that the answer is yes. We propose a range of "monopole Josephson effects" that arise when two ordered states are separated by a region of the parent DSL. In particular, we show that one can induce an AC monopole Josephson effect, which manifests itself as an AC emergent electric field in the spin liquid, accompanied by a measurable spin current. Further, we show that this AC emergent electric field can be measured as a sharp tunable peak in Raman scattering. This work provides a theoretical proof of principle that emergent gauge fields in spin liquids can be externally induced, manipulated, and probed using more conventional states, which offers a generic platform for studying the exotic spin phases.
description: v2, Two-column, minor typos corrected, updated Discussion Section, 14+7 pages
Effective temperature and radial velocity of the small-amplitude Cepheid Polaris (alpha UMi) in 2015
Creators: name: Usenko, I. A.
name: Kovtyukh, V. V.
name: Miroshnichenko, A. S.
name: Danford, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of an analysis of 21 spectra of alpha UMi (Polaris) obtained in September - December 2015. Frequency analysis shows an increase of the pulsation period up to 8.6 min in comparison to the 2007 observational set. The radial velocity amplitude comes to 4.16 km s^-1, and it approximately twice the one found in 2007. The average Teff = 6017 K, and it is close to the value determined for the 2001-2004 set. Therefore Polaris moves to the red edge of the Cepheid instability strip (CIS)
description: 3 pages, 1 table, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Odessa Astronomical Publications
Beam Background Simulation and Experiment at BEPCII
Creators: name: Shi, H. C .
name: Wang, B.
name: Shi, H. Y.
name: Yu, C. H.
name: Dong, M. Y.
name: Peng, H. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A high-level beam background is a crucial challenge to future upgrades to the BEPCII collider. We report on the first separate measurement of the main beam background components at BEPCII. The separation measurement enables the beam background extrapolation towards the beam parameters assumed for the upgraded BEPCII. The measured rates of each background component are also compared with a brand-new simulation based on SAD and Geant4. The discrepancy between experiment and simulation remains 1$\sim$2 magnitudes after calibration with beam lifetime, which should be further investigated.
title: Perzeptron Unplugged: Enaktive Ansätze zur Vermittlung künstlicher neuronaler Netze im Unterricht
Creators: name: Zurfluh, Thomas
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Künstliche Intelligenz
subject: Künstliche neuronale Netze
subject: KI
subject: Perzeptron
subject: Machine Learning
subject: Überwachtes Lernen
subject: Maschinelles Lernen
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: AI
subject: Enaktives Lernen
subject: Empfehlungssysteme

description: In diesem Praxisbeitrag werden erprobte Unterrichtskonzepte und -ansätze zur Vermittlung von Kompetenzen im Bereich künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) und künstlicher neuronaler Netze (KNN) vorgestellt. Die Materialien stammen von der Webseite Machine Learning for Teachers (ml4t.ch) und werden erfolgreich im Lehramtsstudium der Pädagogischen Hochschule Zürich für Lehrkräfte der Sekundarstufe I im Fach Medien und Informatik eingesetzt. Ziel ist es, Lehrkräften konkrete und direkt anwendbare Ansätze inklusive des verwendeten Materials bereitzustellen und enaktive Erfahrungen zu ermöglichen, um die Konzepte begreifbar zu machen. Die Webseite ist nach dem Prinzip des didaktischen Doppeldeckers aufgebaut und kann sowohl mit Lehrkräften als auch mit Schülerinnen und Schülern ab dem 7. Schuljahr eingesetzt werden.
The hadron pair forward-backward asymmetry in the electron positron annihilation process
Creators: name: Yang, W.
name: Li, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The forward-backward asymmetry is an important measurable quantity which can enable independent determination of the neutral-current couplings of fermions. In this paper, we extend the definition of the asymmetry from the partonic level to the hadronic level by calculating this asymmetry of the hadron pair in the semi-inclusive electron position annihilation process. Semi-inclusive implies that a back-to-back jet is also measured in addition to the hadron pair. Due to the limitation of the factorization theorem, we calculate this process up to leading order twist-4 level by applying the collinear expansion formalism. After obtaining the differential cross section, we calculate the forward-backward asymmetries and show them in terms of the corresponding di-hadron fragmentation functions. Di-hadron fragmentation functions are introduced to describe the hadron pair productions in the fragmentation process. With available parameterization of the functions, we present a numerical estimation of the forward-backward asymmetry. On the flip side, measurements of the forward-backward asymmetry would give strict restrictions of parameterizations of the di-hadron fragmentation functions. We also present a numerical estimation of the twist-4 di-hadron fragmentation functions in order to illustrate their contributions.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2205.04068
title: Unravel – Bilderkennung mit neuronalen Netzen
Creators: name: Gräßl, Christoph
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Bilderkennung
subject: Tool
subject: Unterrichtskonzept
subject: Künstliche Intelligenz
subject: Maschinelles Lernen

description: Die zunehmende Bedeutung von Künstlicher Intelligenz im Alltag hat dazu geführt, dass die Kultusministerien verschiedener Bundesländer dieses Thema in Lehrplänen allgemeinbildender Schulen verankert haben. Da dieser Lernbereich neu ist, müssen auch innovative didaktische Ansätze entwickelt werden. Dies stellt aufgrund weniger Erfahrungswerte eine besondere Herausforderung dar. In dieser Arbeit wird ein praxisorientiertes Konzept vorgestellt, in dem Schülerinnen und Schüler ab der oberen Mittelstufe selbstständig alle Komponenten eines Bilderkennungssystems, angefangen von der Bildaufnahme bis hin zur Klassifizierung, explorativ erleben. Ziel ist es zum einen, einen grundlegenden Einblick in Klassifikation mit neuronalen Netzen zu vermitteln. Zum anderen sollen die Schülerinnen und Schüler verstehen, wie Systeme des überwachten Lernens allgemein aufgebaut sind, wie man sie bewertet und wo deren Grenzen liegen.
title: SoekiaGPT - ein didaktisches Sprachmodell
Creators: name: Hielscher, Michael
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: ChatGPT
subject: Sprachmodell
subject: Werkzeug

description: Statistische Sprachmodelle, insbesondere Textgeneratoren wie ChatGPT, haben in letzter Zeit grosse Aufmerksamkeit erregt. Künstliche Intelligenz ist auch ein Thema im Unterricht und die kritische Auseinandersetzung sollte ein Verständnis der grundlegenden Funktionsweisen umfassen. Sprachmodelle wie ChatGPT oder Bard sind jedoch komplexe Informatiksysteme und basieren auf riesigen Dokumentensammlungen und massiver Rechenleistung. Die Lernumgebung SoekiaGPT nimmt eine Reihe didaktischer Vereinfachungen vor und ermöglicht Schülerinnen und Schülern so einen Blick unter die Motorhaube von statistischen Sprachmodellen zu werfen und mit einem selbst gebauten Modell zu experimentieren.
title: Coraline als begehbarer Roman: Ein Englisch- Informatik-Projekt aus dem Distanzunterricht
Creators: name: Rau, Thomas
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Interactive Fiction
subject: Englisch
subject: Distanzunterricht

description: In der besonderen Situation des Distanzunterrichts im Frühling 2020 entstand mit einer 9. Klasse auf der Grundlage der aktuellen Lektüre des Englischunterrichts ein Computerspiel aus dem Genre Interactive Fiction (auch: Textadventures). Die Implementierung übernahm dabei die Lehrkraft, Text und Ideen des Spiels stammen weitgehend von den Schülern und Schülerinnen; auch informatische Inhalte ließen sich dabei veranschaulichen, insbesondere Modellierung und Relationen.
title: Filterblasen verstehen
Creators: name: Pöhner, Nicolai
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Filterblasen
subject: Daten
subject: Data Mining
subject: Soziale Netzwerke

description: „Vorschläge für dich“ ist ein beliebtes Feature des sozialen Netzwerkes Instagram. Dieses Feature schlägt Usern ähnlich Inhalte vor, die gut zu ihren bisherigen Interessen passen. Dadurch entstehen sogenannte „Filterblasen“, in denen User personalisierte Feeds erhalten. Soziale Netzwerke nutzen dieses und andere Features, um die User noch länger auf ihrer Plattform zu halten. Aber wie entstehen die personalisierten Vorschläge? Sie sind das Ergebnis von Data-Mining in sozialen Netzwerken. Dieser Artikel erklärt, wie Data-Mining in sozialen Netzwerken funktioniert, welche Vor- und Nachteile Filterblasen haben und wie diese Inhalte Schülerinnen und Schüler einfach und anschaulich im Informatikunterricht der Sekundarstufe 1 vermittelt werden können.
The Big Bang Nucleosynthesis abundances of the light elements using improved thermonuclear reaction rates
Creators: name: Wu, Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) is an important stage of a homogeneous and isotropic expanding universe. The results of calculation of the synthesis of light elements during this epoch can then be compared with the abundances of the light elements. The theoretical calculation of the BBN model depends on the initial conditions of the early universe and reaction cross sections measured by the nuclear physics experiment. Recently, an update of the NACRE (Nuclear Astrophysics Compilation of REactions) database is presented. This improved compilation comprises thermonuclear reaction rates for 34 two-body reactions on light nuclides (fifteen are particle transfer reactions and nineteen are radiative capture reactions). In this work, we calculate the BBN abundances by using these updated thermonuclear reaction rates in the framework of the code \texttt{AlterBBN}. Our results suggest that the new numerical result of the primordial Lithium abundance is 7.1 percent larger than the previous calculation.
description: 9 pages, no figures. To be published in General Relativity and Gravitation
An unsupervised latent/output physics-informed convolutional-LSTM network for solving partial differential equations using peridynamic differential operator
Creators: name: Mavi, A.
name: Bekar, A. C.
name: Haghighat, E.
name: Madenci, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This study presents a novel unsupervised convolutional Neural Network (NN) architecture with nonlocal interactions for solving Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The nonlocal Peridynamic Differential Operator (PDDO) is employed as a convolutional filter for evaluating derivatives the field variable. The NN captures the time-dynamics in smaller latent space through encoder-decoder layers with a Convolutional Long-short Term Memory (ConvLSTM) layer between them. The ConvLSTM architecture is modified by employing a novel activation function to improve the predictive capability of the learning architecture for physics with periodic behavior. The physics is invoked in the form of governing equations at the output of the NN and in the latent (reduced) space. By considering a few benchmark PDEs, we demonstrate the training performance and extrapolation capability of this novel NN architecture by comparing against Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINN) type solvers. It is more capable of extrapolating the solution for future timesteps than the other existing architectures.
description: 23 pages, 15 figures, submitted to Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering
MPEC 2023-S36 : 2023 RG16
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 RG16

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
The evaluation of airline competitiveness using multiple attributes decision making
Creators: name: Chou, Sharon Ming-Mi.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Chemically active colloids near osmotic-responsive walls with surface-chemistry gradients
Creators: name: Popescu, M. N.
name: Uspal, W. E.
name: Dietrich, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chemically active colloids move by creating gradients in the composition of the surrounding solution and by exploiting the differences in their interactions with the various molecular species in solution. If such particles move near boundaries, e.g., the walls of the container confining the suspension, gradients in the composition of the solution are also created along the wall. This give rise to chemi-osmosis (via the interactions of the wall with the molecular species forming the solution), which drives flows coupling back to the colloid and thus influences its motility. Employing an approximate "point-particle" analysis, we show analytically that -- owing to this kind of induced active response (chemi-osmosis) of the wall -- such chemically active colloids can align with, and follow, gradients in the surface chemistry of the wall. In this sense, these artificial "swimmers" exhibit a primitive form of thigmotaxis with the meaning of sensing the proximity of a (not necessarily discontinuous) physical change in the environment. We show that the alignment with the surface-chemistry gradient is generic for chemically active colloids as long as they exhibit motility in an unbounded fluid, i.e., this phenomenon does not depend on the exact details of the propulsion mechanism. The results are discussed in the context of simple models of chemical activity, corresponding to Janus particles with "source" chemical reactions on one half of the surface and either "inert" or "sink" reactions over the other half.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures
MPEC 2023-S37 : 2023 RH16
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 RH16

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Auto-Encoder Neural Network Incorporating X-Ray Fluorescence Fundamental Parameters with Machine Learning
Creators: name: Dirks, Matthew
name: Poole, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider energy-dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) applications where the fundamental parameters method is impractical such as when instrument parameters are unavailable. For example, on a mining shovel or conveyor belt, rocks are constantly moving (leading to varying angles of incidence and distances) and there may be other factors not accounted for (like dust). Neural networks do not require instrument and fundamental parameters but training neural networks requires XRF spectra labelled with elemental composition, which is often limited because of its expense. We develop a neural network model that learns from limited labelled data and also benefits from domain knowledge by learning to invert a forward model. The forward model uses transition energies and probabilities of all elements and parameterized distributions to approximate other fundamental and instrument parameters. We evaluate the model and baseline models on a rock dataset from a lithium mineral exploration project. Our model works particularly well for some low-Z elements (Li, Mg, Al, and K) as well as some high-Z elements (Sn and Pb) despite these elements being outside the suitable range for common spectrometers to directly measure, likely owing to the ability of neural networks to learn correlations and non-linear relationships.
description: X-Ray Spectrometry 2023
MPEC 2023-S38 : 2023 RJ16
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 RJ16

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
MPEC 2023-S39 : 2023 RK16
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 RK16

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
MPEC 2023-S40 : 2023 RL16
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 RL16

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Biasing the ferronematic - a new way to detect weak magnetic field
Creators: name: Tomasovicova, Natalia
name: Kovac, Jozef
name: Raikher, Yuriy
name: Eber, Nandor
name: Toth-Katona, Tibor
name: Gdovinova, Veronika
name: Jadzyn, Jan
name: Pincak, Richard
name: Kopcansky, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic properties of a ferronematic, i.e., nematic liquid crystal doped with magnetic nanoparticles in low volume concentration are studied, with the focus on the ac magnetic susceptibility. A weak dc bias magnetic field (units of Oe) applied to the ferronematic in its isotropic phase increases the ac magnetic susceptibility considerably. Passage of the isotropic-to-nematic phase transition resets this enhancement irreversibly (unless the dc bias field is applied again in the isotropic phase). These experimental findings pave a way to application possibilities, such as low magnetic field sensors, or basic logical elements for information storage.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, revised version appeared in Soft Matter
Five loop anomalous dimension of non-singlet quark currents in the RI' scheme
Creators: name: Gracey, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the five loop anomalous dimensions of the basic fields in Quantum Chromodynamics in a linear covariant gauge in the modified Regularization Invariant (RI') scheme. Using these core results we also compute the four loop Green's function where the quark mass operator and vector current are separately inserted in a quark 2-point function. These are necessary for measurements of the same quantities on the lattice. The Green's functions are provided in both the modified Minimal Subtraction (MSbar) and RI' schemes. All the results are available for a general Lie group.
description: 29 latex pages, modified title and minor changes added
Pairing Phase Transitions of Matter under Rotation
Creators: name: Jiang, Yin
name: Liao, Jinfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phases and properties of matter under global rotation have attracted much interest recently. In this paper we investigate the pairing phenomena in a system of fermions under the presence of rotation. We find that there is a generic suppression effect on pairing states with zero angular momentum. We demonstrate this effect with the chiral condensation and the color superconductivity in hot dense QCD matter as explicit examples. In the case of chiral condensation, a new phase diagram in the temperature-rotation parameter space is found, with a nontrivial critical point.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures