cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Comparison of elastic electron or positron scattering from proton-rich nuclei
Creators: name: Ma, E. J.
name: Ma, Y. G.
name: Chen, J. G.
name: Cai, X. Z.
name: Fang, D. Q.
name: Guo, W.
name: Liu, G. H.
name: Ma, C. W.
name: Shen, W. Q.
name: Shi, Y.
name: Su, Q. M.
name: Tian, W. D.
name: Wang, H. W.
name: Wang, K.
name: Yan, T. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the cross sections of the elastic electron or positron scattering from $^{208}$Pb, $^{12}$C, $^{12,16}$O and $^{28, 32}$S by the relativistic partial-wave expansion method using the static charge density distribution from the self-consistent relativistic mean field model and also calculate the charge form factor for $^{12, 16}$O and $^{28, 32}$S. The numerical results are compared with the available data. Calculations indicate that the extended charge density distributions of $^{12}$O and $^{28}$S have observable effects on the cross sections of the electron or positron scattering as well as the charge form factors.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Power Electronics for Precision Farming with Substantiable and Cleaner Environment-Slides
Creators: Brij N. Singh
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2021

PELS Webinar Slides
Abstract: In this lecture, a broad review of vehicles for farming operation will be given starting from tillage to crop harvesting. Vehicles that have significant use of power electronics will be covered such as Exact-Emerge Planter for seeding operation followed mention of Exact-Apply for crop care and management of plants (corns etc.) that are nutrient deficient. This will lead discussions towards how power electronics supports crop-care system to exactly apply prescription such as fertilizers, pesticides, fungicide, etc. Discussions of this lecture are targeted to create awareness among power electronics and engineering professionals that how your vocation could enable putting food on plate of 9 billion people by 2050 and provide them shelter and transportation infrastructure. This lecture would also cover how electrification is becoming enabling technology in off-road heavy-duty vehicle space. Discussions of this lecture will cover that how wide bandgap (WBG) power electronics could enable many functions, forms, and features in heavy-duty off-road vehicles such as equipment required for agriculture, construction, and mining operations. The Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) based power electronics indeed could offer system level solution that are performance-superior and cost-competitive compared to state-of-art silicon semiconductor-based power electronics. These system approaches will be mentioned in midst of this presentation.
The effect of microbial action on nuclear waste management: is there enhanced leaching from bitumen and increased radionuclide movement through geologic media?
Creators: name: Clegg, Bruce Campbell
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Long-term management of nuclear wastes demands absolute physical isolation of noxious radionuclides from the biosphere until decay to safe levels has occurred. Due to the extremely long half-life of some isotopes, the required isolation may be on the order of millennia. Past research on radioactive wastes has centered on the physicochemical mechanisms that may effect a premature return of radionuclides to the environment. However, biological action in a radwaste disposal site may have two major effects: 1) physical destruction of the solidifying matrix through solubilization or oxidation; and/or 2) enhanced movement of radionuclides through (adsorbent) geologic media by production of various chelating agents. The work presented here is focused on both these microbiological processes. ⁶⁰Co and ¹³⁷Cs encapsulated in bitumen was allowed to undergo microbial attack by a selected hydrocarbonoclastic culture under idealized environmental conditions. The radionuclides released by this process were then evaluated for their ability to bind with selected geologic media. In order to compare the effect of reduced adsorption due to microbial action, synthetic chelating agents were used as a standard. The same hydrocarbonoclastic culture used for these experiments was also tested for its sensitivity to y-irradiation. Subsequent analysis showed microbial attack of bitumen did not enhance the release of the ions. However, a decreased adsorption to the geologic media was observed but the effect was much less than that observed for the synthetic chelating agents. The level of r-radiation expected in the final waste repository will not effect the viability of the organisms tested.
СИМВОЛИКА ЧИСЛА «СЕМЬ» В РУССКИХ И КАРАКАЛПАКСКИХ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЕДИНИЦАХ
Creators: name: Турабаева, Н.А.
name: Разова, Д.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: В статье в сопоставительном плане с линговкультурологического аспекта анализируется символика числа «семь» в русских и каракалпакских фразеологизмах, рассматривается предпосылки возникновения числового кода. На основе примеров выявлены общность и различия смыслового наполнения фразеологизмов с компонентом «семь» в русском и каракалпакском языках.
Interfacial charge transfer and interaction in the MXene/TiO2 heterostructures
Creators: name: Xu, Lihua
name: Wu, Tao
name: Kent, Paul R. C.
name: Jiang, De-en
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hybrid materials of MXenes (2D carbides and nitrides) and transition-metal oxides (TMOs) have shown great promise in electrical energy storage and 2D heterostructures have been proposed as the next-generation electrode materials to expand the limits of current technology. Here we use first principles density functional theory to investigate the interfacial structure, energetics, and electronic properties of the heterostructures of MXenes (Tin+1CnT2; T=terminal groups) and anatase TiO2. We find that the greatest work-function differences are between OH-terminated-MXene (1.6 eV) and anatase TiO2(101) (6.4 eV), resulting in the largest interfacial electron transfer (~0.9 e/nm2 across the interface) from MXene to the TiO2 layer. This interface also has the strongest adhesion and further strengthened by hydrogen bond formation. For O-, F-, or mixed O-/F- terminated Tin+1Cn MXenes, electron transfer is minimal and interfacial adhesion is weak for their heterostructures with TiO2. The strong dependence of the interfacial properties of the MXene/TiO2 heterostructures on the surface chemistry of the MXenes will be useful to tune the heterostructures for electric-energy-storage applications.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Toxicity of urban stormwater runoff
Creators: name: Anderson, Bruce Campbell
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This work involves the study of the effects of land use on the chemical composition of urban stormwater runoff, and its subsequent acute toxicity to the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia pulex. Samples were obtained from the Brunette drainage basin of Burnaby, British Columbia, from a variety of sites in the land use classifications commercial (C), industrial (I), residential (R) and open/greenspace (0). Results indicate that the toxicity to D. pulex and the chemical composition of the stormwater (measured by such parameters as COD, alkalinity, hardness, hydrocarbons and trace metals) were influenced by land use and the interval between rainfall events. The industrial and commercial land use sites were the major source of those trace metals most often considered toxic to aquatic organisms, with runoff from the commercial sites proving most toxic to the test organism (toxicity followed the sequence C>I>R»0). Bioassays with synthetic stormwater (Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn, at concentrations observed from field samples) demonstrated that pH and suspended solids helped to regulate the toxicity of the trace metals, and implicated the importance of these elements in natural stormwater toxicity. Statistical comparison between synthetic and natural stormwater runoff toxicity yielded poor correlation; however, this was expected due to the inherent differences between the laboratory and field environments. A detailed study of a single storm event indicated that while the "first-flush" of the storm may be contributing to toxicity through the physical scouring of insoluble pollutants, the soluble pollutants proved to be more toxic and were washed out of the area over the entire duration of the event. This prompted the author to propose the complete treatment of all stormwater runoff, and not simply the slug load of the first hour.
Viscosity Bound, Causality Violation and Instability with Stringy Correction and Charge
Creators: name: Ge, Xian-Hui
name: Matsuo, Yoshinori
name: Shu, Fu-Wen
name: Sin, Sang-Jin
name: Tsukioka, Takuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, it has been shown that if we consider the higher derivative correction, the viscosity bound conjectured to be $η/s=1/4π$ is violated and so is the causality. In this paper, we consider medium effect and the higher derivative correction simultaneously by adding charge and Gauss-Bonnet terms. We find that the viscosity bound violation is not changed by the charge. However, we find that two effects together create another instability for large momentum regime. We argue the presence of tachyonic modes and show it numerically. The stability of the black brane requires the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant $λ$($=2α'/l^2$) to be smaller than 1/24. We draw a phase diagram relevant to the instability in charge-coupling space.
description: 1+18 pages, 1 table+6 figures, typos corrected, references added, matches published version
title: Towards a reference architecture for Semantic Web applications
Creators: name: Heitmann, Benjamin
name: Hayes, Conor
name: Oren, Eyal
Publisher: name: University of Galway
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Computer networks - social aspects
subject: Computer architecture
subject: Semantic web

description: The Semantic Web currently has two complementary architectural approaches: ¿Bottom-up¿ emergent best practices by the community and ¿top-down¿ prescriptive standards by standards bodies, leaving a gap regarding the concrete implementation of Semantic Web technologies. Based on the Web Science approach of combining empirical analysis with engineering, we are proposing to fill this gap with a reference architecture consisting of seven reusable and domain independent components, extracted from applications submitted at key demonstration challenges in the Semantic Web domain. The reference architecture can be used (1) as a common terminology for communicating concepts and issues related to the implementation of Semantic Web technologies, and (2) as a blueprint when implementing SemanticWeb applications.
$^{75}$As NMR studies of superconducting LaO$_{0.9}$F$_{0.1}$FeAs
Creators: name: Grafe, H. -J.
name: Paar, D.
name: Lang, G.
name: Curro, N. J.
name: Behr, G.
name: Werner, J.
name: Hamann-Borrero, J.
name: Hess, C.
name: Leps, N.
name: Klingeler, R.
name: Buechner, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed 75As Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) measurements on aligned powders of the new LaO0.9F0.1FeAs superconductor. In the normal state, we find a strong temperature dependence of the spin shift and Korringa behavior of the spin lattice relaxation rate. In the superconducting state, we find evidence for line nodes in the superconducting gap and spin-singlet pairing. Our measurements reveal a strong anisotropy of the spin lattice relaxation rate, which suggest that superconducting vortices contribute to the relaxation rate when the field is parallel to the c-axis but not for the perpendicular direction.
Processes in Resonant Domains of Metal Nanoparticle Aggregates and Optical Nonlinearity of Aggregates in Pulsed Laser Fields
Creators: name: Gavrilyuk, Anatoliy P.
name: Karpov, Sergei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The specific optical nonlinearities inherent in aggregates of metal nanoparticles under pico- and nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation are studied in nanoparticle aggregates formed in silver hydrosols. The results of experimental studies of the correlation between the degree of aggregation of silver hydrosols and their nonlinear refraction index at the wavelengths 0.532 and 1.064 microns are discussed. The experiments revealed that nonlinear refraction index changes its sign at 1.064 microns as the degree of the hydrosol aggregation grows. The role of various processes occurring in resonant domains of aggregates and the kinetics of these processes under laser irradiation resulting in dynamic variation of the polarizability of aggregates are analyzed. The areas under study included the kinetics of particles displacement considering dissipative forces, heating of the particles and of the surrounding medium depending on the wavelength, intensity and duration of laser pulses. A theory of interaction of laser radiation with an elementary type domain - two bound silver nanoparticles - was developed to describe the kinetics of resonant domains photomodification in aggregates. This theory takes into account thermal, elastic, electrostatic and light induced effects. The experimental results on laser photomodification of silver particle aggregates are discussed in the context of our model. These results include photochromic and nonlinear optical effects, in particular, the nonlinear refraction and nonlinear absorption.
Do charged leptons oscillate?
Creators: name: Akhmedov, Evgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The question of whether charged leptons oscillate is discussed in detail, with a special emphasis on the coherence properties of the charged lepton states created via weak interactions. This analysis allows one to clarify also an important issue of the theory of neutrino oscillations.
description: LaTeX, 15 pages, no figures. V3: discussion in secs. 4 and 7 expanded, references added. Results and conclusions unchanged
Andreev Reflection in Heavy-Fermion Superconductors and Order Parameter Symmetry in CeCoIn_5
Creators: name: Park, W. K.
name: Sarrao, J. L.
name: Thompson, J. D.
name: Greene, L. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Differential conductance spectra are obtained from nanoscale junctions on the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCoIn$_5$ along three major crystallographic orientations. Consistency and reproducibility of characteristic features among the junctions ensure their spectroscopic nature. All junctions show a similar conductance asymmetry and Andreev reflection-like conductance with reduced signal (~ 10%-13%), both commonly observed in heavy-fermion superconductor junctions. Analysis using the extended Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk model indicates that our data provide the first spectroscopic evidence for $d_{x^2-y^2}$ symmetry. To quantify our conductance spectra, we propose a model by considering the general phenomenology in heavy fermions, the two-fluid behavior, and an energy-dependent density of states. Our model fits to the experimental data remarkably well and should invigorate further investigations.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; Phys. Rev. Lett., published version
Jupiter's Temperate Belt/Zone Contrasts Revealed at Depth by Juno Microwave Observations
Creators: name: Fletcher, L. N.
name: Oyafuso, F. A.
name: Allison, M.
name: Ingersoll, A.
name: Li, L.
name: Kaspi, Y.
name: Galanti, E.
name: Wong, M. H.
name: Orton, G. S.
name: Duer, K.
name: Zhang, Z.
name: Li, C.
name: Guillot, T.
name: Levin, S. M.
name: Bolton, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Juno Microwave Radiometer (MWR) observations of Jupiter's mid-latitudes reveal a strong correlation between brightness temperature contrasts and zonal winds, confirming that the banded structure extends throughout the troposphere. However, the microwave brightness gradient is observed to change sign with depth: the belts are microwave-bright in the $p<5$ bar range and microwave-dark in the $p>10$ bar range. The transition level (which we call the jovicline) is evident in the MWR 11.5 cm channel, which samples the 5-14 bar range when using the limb-darkening at all emission angles. The transition is located between 4 and 10 bars, and implies that belts change with depth from being NH$_3$-depleted to NH$_3$-enriched, or from physically-warm to physically-cool, or more likely a combination of both. The change in character occurs near the statically stable layer associated with water condensation. The implications of the transition are discussed in terms of ammonia redistribution via meridional circulation cells with opposing flows above and below the water condensation layer, and in terms of the `mushball' precipitation model, which predicts steeper vertical ammonia gradients in the belts versus the zones. We show via the moist thermal wind equation that both the temperature and ammonia interpretations can lead to vertical shear on the zonal winds, but the shear is $\sim50\times$ weaker if only NH$_3$ gradients are considered. Conversely, if MWR observations are associated with kinetic temperature gradients then it would produce zonal winds that increase in strength down to the jovicline, consistent with Galileo probe measurements; then decay slowly at higher pressures.
description: Published in JGR: Planets
A Ni-based Superconductor: the Heusler Compound ZrNi$_2$Ga
Creators: name: Winterlik, Juergen
name: Fecher, Gerhard H.
name: Felser*, Claudia
name: Jourdan, Martin
name: Grube, Kai
name: Hardy, Frederic
name: von Loehneysen, Hilbert
name: Holman, K. L.
name: Cava, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work reports on the novel Heusler superconductor ZrNi2Ga. Compared to other nickel-based superconductors with Heusler structure, ZrNi2Ga exhibits a relatively high superconducting transition temperature of Tc=2.9 K and an upper critical field of 1.5 T. Electronic structure calculations show that this relatively high transition temperature is caused by a van Hove singularity, which leads to an enhanced density of states at the Fermi energy. The van Hove singularity originates from a higher order valence instability at the L-point in the electronic structure. The enhanced density of states at the Fermi level was confirmed by specific heat and susceptibility measurements. Although many Heusler compounds are ferromagnetic, our measurements of ZrNi2Ga indicate a paramagnetic state above Tc and could not reveal any traces of magnetic order down to temperatures of at least 0.35 K. We investigated in detail the superconducting state with specific heat, magnetization, and resistivity measurements. The resulting data show the typical behavior of a conventional, weakly coupled BCS (s-wave) superconductor.
description: 27 pages in preprint style, 11 Figures
Constant Weight Codes: A Geometric Approach Based on Dissections
Creators: name: Tian, Chao
name: Vaishampayan, Vinay A.
name: Sloane, N. J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52B45, 94A29

description: We present a novel technique for encoding and decoding constant weight binary codes that uses a geometric interpretation of the codebook. Our technique is based on embedding the codebook in a Euclidean space of dimension equal to the weight of the code. The encoder and decoder mappings are then interpreted as a bijection between a certain hyper-rectangle and a polytope in this Euclidean space. An inductive dissection algorithm is developed for constructing such a bijection. We prove that the algorithm is correct and then analyze its complexity. The complexity depends on the weight of the code, rather than on the block length as in other algorithms. This approach is advantageous when the weight is smaller than the square root of the block length.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Absolute neutrino mass from helicity measurements
Creators: name: Nishi, C. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility to access the absolute neutrino mass scale through the measurement of the wrong helicity contribution of charged leptons is investigated in pion decay. Through this method, one may have access to the same effective mass $m^2_β$ extractable from the tritium beta decay experiments for electron neutrinos as well as the analogous effective mass $(m^2_{ν_μ})_{\rm eff}$ for muon neutrinos. In the channel $π^-\to e^-\barν$, the relative probability of producing an antineutrino with left helicity is enhanced if compared with the naive expectation $(m_ν/2E_ν)^2$. The possibility to constrain new interactions in the context of Two-Higgs-Doublet models is also investigated.
description: v2: References and comments added. v3: reference numbers changed. Accepted for Mod. Phys. Lett. A
Convergence of the method of rigorous coupled-wave analysis for the diffraction by two-dimensional periodic surface structures
Creators: name: Rathsfeld, Andreas
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Scattering problem
subject: 35P25
subject: 74J20
subject: 76B15
subject: 78A45
subject: 78A46

description: The scattering matrix algorithm is a popular numerical method to simulate the diffraction of optical waves by periodic surfaces. The computational domain is divided into horizontal slices and, by a domain decomposition method coupling neighbour slices over the common interface via scattering data, a clever recursion is set up to compute an approximate operator, mapping incoming waves into outgoing. Combining this scattering matrix algorithm with numerical schemes inside the slices, methods like rigorous coupled wave analysis and Fourier modal methods were designed. The key for the analysis is the scattering problem over the slices. These are scattering problems with a radiation condition generalized for inhomogeneous cover and substrate materials and were first analyzed in [7]. In contrast to [7], where the scattering matrix algorithm for transverse electric polarization was treated without full discretization (no approximation by truncated Fourier series), we discuss the more challenging case of transverse magnetic polarization and look at the convergence of the fully-discretized scheme, i.e., at the rigorous coupled wave analysis for a fixed slicing into layers with vertically invariant optical index.
Gli Strumenti Scientifici di Interesse Storico di tre antiche Scuole Medie Superiori di Bergamo ("Lussana", "Vittorio Emanuele", e "Quarenghi")
Creators: name: Recami, Erasmo
name: Pizzigalli, Sergio
name: Parigi, Ettore
name: De Vincentis, Francesco
name: Borlotti, Virgilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wherever old Universities exist [in Europe, for example: Italy being not the last one], there can be found Scientific Instruments of Historical Interest, e.g., for Physics -which is the case we are concerned with here;- even if proper attention has been paid to such an exceptional heritage only during the last half a century. [We studied ourselves the material existing at the University of Catania, Catania, Italy, almost 600 years old]. However, even where ancient universities do not exist, a lot of Historical Scientific Instruments are often owned by the local Senior High Schools. By the present "small book" we want to make known the antique physics instruments that are in possession of three Senior High Schools of Bergamo, Italy: the "Istituto Tecnico Vittorio Emanuele", the "Liceo Scientifico Lussana", and the "Istituto per Geometri Quarenghi". Namely, we catalogue and describe: 61 instruments of the "Vittorio Emanuele" (52 of the second half of the XIX century, and 9 of the first half of the XX century); 100 instruments of the "Lussana" (belonging essentially to the first half of the XX century); and 26 instruments, mainly topographical in this case, of the "Quarenghi" (8 of the second half of the XIX century, and 16 of the first half of the XX century); without forgetting to add suitable explanations about their functioning. Our aim will be reached if we happen to stimulate other colleagues to perform similar work in their towns. The present small book is in Italian, but it contains fifty-one (51) self-explanatory photographs in color, and nineteen (19) black-and-white sketches. Actually, we can put in the Archives this small book, instead of others, also because -with the help of the typesetter- we eventually suceeded in reducing its whole size to less than 1 M-b.
description: 80 pages: in Italian, but with 51 self-explanatory photographs in color, and 19 black-and-white sketches, of the 178 Scientific Instruments of Historical Interest for Physics here catalogued and described
Single crystal growth and characterizations of Cu0.03TaS2 superconductors
Creators: name: Zhu, X. D.
name: Sun, Y. P.
name: Zhu, X. B.
name: Luo, X.
name: Wang, B. S.
name: Li, G.
name: Yang, Z. R.
name: Song, W. H.
name: Dai, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single crystal of Cu0.03TaS2 with low copper intercalated content was successfully grown via chemical iodine-vapor transport. The structural characterization results show that the copper intercalated 2H-Cu0.03TaS2 single crystal has the same structure of the CdI2-type structure as the parent 2H-TaS2 crystal. Electrical resistivity and magnetization measurements reveal that 2H-Cu0.03TaS2 becomes a superconductor below 4.2 K. Besides, electrical resistivity and Hall effects results show that a charge density wave transition occurs at TCDW = 50 K.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures,revised version
Overcrowding and hole probabilities for random zeros on complex manifolds
Creators: name: Shiffman, Bernard
name: Zelditch, Steve
name: Zrebiec, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give asymptotic large deviations estimates for the volume inside a domain U of the zero set of a random polynomial of degree N, or more generally, of a holomorphic section of the N-th power of a positive line bundle on a compact Kaehler manifold. In particular, we show that for all $δ>0$, the probability that this volume differs by more than $δN$ from its average value is less than $\exp(-C_{δ,U}N^{m+1})$, for some constant $C_{δ,U}>0$. As a consequence, the "hole probability" that a random section does not vanish in U has an upper bound of the form $\exp(-C_{U}N^{m+1})$.
description: 16 pages; stylistic changes, added corollary
Emergence of Symmetry in Complex Networks
Creators: name: Xiao, Yanghua
name: Xiong, Momiao
name: Wang, Wei
name: Wang, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many real networks have been found to have a rich degree of symmetry, which is a very important structural property of complex network, yet has been rarely studied so far. And where does symmetry comes from has not been explained. To explore the mechanism underlying symmetry of the networks, we studied statistics of certain local symmetric motifs, such as symmetric bicliques and generalized symmetric bicliques, which contribute to local symmetry of networks. We found that symmetry of complex networks is a consequence of similar linkage pattern, which means that nodes with similar degree tend to share similar linkage targets. A improved version of BA model integrating similar linkage pattern successfully reproduces the symmetry of real networks, indicating that similar linkage pattern is the underlying ingredient that responsible for the emergence of the symmetry in complex networks.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Canted Magnetization Texture in Ferromagnetic Tunnel Junctions
Creators: name: Kuzmenko, Igor
name: Fal'ko, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the formation of inhomogeneous magnetization texture in the vicinity of a tunnel junction between two ferromagnetic wires nominally in the antiparallel configuration and its influence on the magnetoresistance of such a device. The texture, dependent on magnetization rigidity and crystalline anisotropy energy in the ferromagnet, appears upon an increase of ferromagnetic inter-wire coupling above a critical value and it varies with an external magnetic field.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Concurrent $π$-vector fields and energy beta-change
Creators: name: Youssef, Nabil L.
name: Abed, S. H.
name: Soleiman, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53C60, 53B40

description: The present paper deals with an \emph{intrinsic} investigation of the notion of a concurrent $π$-vector field on the pullback bundle of a Finsler manifold $(M,L)$. The effect of the existence of a concurrent $π$-vector field on some important special Finsler spaces is studied. An intrinsic investigation of a particular $β$-change, namely the energy $β$-change ($\widetilde{L}^{2}(x,y)=L^{2}(x,y)+ B^{2}(x,y) with \ B:=g(\barζ,\barη)$; $\barζ $ being a concurrent $π$-vector field), is established. The relation between the two Barthel connections $Γ$ and $\widetildeΓ$, corresponding to this change, is found. This relation, together with the fact that the Cartan and the Barthel connections have the same horizontal and vertical projectors, enable us to study the energy $β$-change of the fundamental linear connection in Finsler geometry: the Cartan connection, the Berwald connection, the Chern connection and the Hashiguchi connection. Moreover, the change of their curvature tensors is concluded. It should be pointed out that the present work is formulated in a prospective modern coordinate-free form.
description: 27 pages, LaTex file, Some typographical errors corrected, Some formulas simpified
Assessment of the use and need for an integrated molecular surveillance of tuberculosis: an online survey in Germany
Creators: name: Sanchini, Andrea
name: Andrés, Marta
name: Fiebig, Lena
name: Albrecht, Stefan
name: Hauer, Barbara
name: Haas, Walter
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Tuberculosis
subject: Molecular surveillance
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Public health
subject: Molecular typing
subject: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
subject: Survey
subject: Voxco
subject: Whole genome sequencing
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background The implementation of an integrated molecular surveillance (IMS) of tuberculosis (TB) is of high priority for TB control. IMS is defined as the systematic inclusion of molecular typing results in the national TB surveillance system. Although not standardized, an IMS of TB is already implemented in several low TB incidence countries. Germany is in the process of implementing a nationwide IMS of TB. This requires close collaboration between national and local health authorities. We conducted an online survey to understand the current use of molecular typing results for TB surveillance among the local public health offices (PHO)s in Germany, and to collect their perception and expectations towards the implementation of a nationwide IMS of TB. Methods The online survey was developed using the software Voxco and included 31 questions. The survey was sent to all the 377 local PHOs in Germany in April 2017. Responses were collected until June 2017. Results A total of 174/377 (46.2%) local PHOs participated in our survey, and 88/377 (23.3%) used molecular typing results in their routine TB surveillance work. The PHOs used molecular typing results especially as support for epidemiological contact tracing (62/88, 70.4%). We found statistically significant differences between answers of PHOs that did not use molecular typing results (n = 86) vs. PHOs that did use molecular typing results (n = 88): the latter perceived the use of molecular typing results as more beneficial for their work compared to the former (65.9% vs. 34.9%, p
Galilean and relativistic Doppler/aberration effects deduced from spherical and ellipsoidal wavefronts respectively
Creators: name: Michel, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The diagram showing off-center nested spheres which is traditionally used to illustrate the Doppler effect, is misleading and its trigonometric analysis leads to errors concerning light, because electromagnetic Doppler and aberration effects conform to a wavefront surface that is not a sphere but an ellipsoid stretched along the trajectory of the source. The Cartesian and polar equations of the spherical and ellipsoidal wavefronts are compared here and related to their respective angular Doppler functions. As wavefront surfaces directly link inter-frame coordinate transformations to the aberrations they generate, the simple analysis of their geometry is sufficient to find exact results of special relativity and incidentally to revise the classical aberration formula.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures. Submitted to Optik
H-alpha tail, intracluster HII regions and star-formation: ESO137-001 in Abell 3627
Creators: name: Sun, M.
name: Donahue, M.
name: Voit, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery of a 40 kpc H-alpha tail and at least 29 emission-line objects downstream of a star-forming galaxy ESO 137-001 in the rich, nearby cluster A3627. The galaxy is known to possess a dramatic 70 kpc X-ray tail. The detected H-alpha tail coincides positionally with the X-ray tail. The H-alpha emission in the galaxy is sharply truncated on the front and the sides near the nucleus, indicating significant ram pressure stripping. ESO 137-001 is thus the first cluster late-type galaxy known unambiguously with both an X-ray tail and an H-alpha tail. The emission-line objects are all distributed downstream of the galaxy, with projected distance up to 39 kpc from the galaxy. From the analysis on the H-alpha_{off} frame and the estimate of the background emission-line objects, we conclude that it is very likely all 29 emission-line objects are HII regions in A3627. The high surface number density and luminosities of these HII regions (up to 10^40 ergs/s) dwarf the previously known examples of isolated HII regions in clusters. We suggest that star formation may proceed in the stripped ISM, in both the galactic halo and intracluster space. The total mass of formed stars in the stripped ISM of ESO 137-001 may approach several times 10^7 solar masses. Therefore, stripping of the ISM not only contributes to the ICM, but also adds to the intracluster stellar light through subsequent star formation. The data also imply that ESO 137-001 is in an active stage of transformation, accompanied by the build-up of a central bulge and depletion of the ISM.
description: 16 pages, 1 table, 6 figures (4 in color), emulateapj5.sty, to appear in ApJ, December 10, 2007, v671, n1. Spectroscopic data added; minor revision and conclusions unchanged. Please read the paper with the full-resolution figures at http://www.pa.msu.edu/~sunm/eso137_001_Ha_v1.3.ps.gz
Non-linear wave forces on floating breakwaters
Creators: name: Niwinski, Chris T.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A non-linear numerical method of calculating wave forces on floating bodies is investigated. A computer program has been developed that will time step a given wave past a fixed two-dimensional rectangular breakwater. The effect of various input parameters on the accuracy of results is investigated, and optimal values of the parameters are determined. The required initial condition for the time stepping procedure has a specified incident wave attenuated to zero flow in the vicinity of the body. Incident waves predicted by both linear wave theory and Stokes' fifth order wave theory are tested. The decay length and group velocity of the incident wave train are varied. It is found that a decay length of approximately one wavelength is optimal, and that the group velocity of the developed flow is relatively independent of the initially specified group velocity. Different time step sizes, segment lengths, and time stepping equations are investigated. The tests conducted indicate that twenty-five time steps and ten segments per wave period are sufficient for accurate results. The Adams-Bashforth three step method is found to be the preferred time stepping technique. Forces on the fixed body and transmitted wave heights are obtained from the program. The results compare well with previously published results and clearly demonstrate the non-linearity of the method, with different force curves resulting from varying wave heights.
Strongly Resonant Transmission of Electromagnetic Radiation in Periodic Anisotropic Layered Media
Creators: name: Chabanov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electromagnetic dispersion in periodic layered media can be tailored and their resonant properties can be considerably improved by utilizing anisotropic materials. Periodic structures with a photonic band edge split into two parts, or so-called split band edge, exhibit superior resonant properties including exceptionally high Q-values of transmission resonances and nearly perfect impedance matching at the boundaries, even when the number of unit cells N is not large. A microwave transmission resonance with Q~220 is demonstrated in a periodic stack of form-birefringent layers with N=12 realized in a waveguide geometry.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to APL; in v.2, the Q-value of the measured resonance is corrected as well as other typos
The 3.3 $μ$m Infrared Emission Feature: Observational and Laboratory Constraints on Its Carrier
Creators: name: Tokunaga, Alan T.
name: Bernstein, Lawrence S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the self-consistency of laboratory and observational data for potential carriers of the 3.3 $μ$m infrared emission feature (IEF), a member of the ubiquitous family of strong interstellar IEFs at 3.3, 3.4, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, 11.2, and 12.7 $μ$m. Previous studies have shown that most Galactic sources (reflection nebulae, HII regions, and planetary nebulae) show 3.3 $μ$m IEFs displaying similar central wavelengths, full widths at half maximum, and profiles. Our study is focused on the band profile designated as Class A, the most prevalent of four classes of observed band profiles. In contrast to the observations, laboratory spectra for gas phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the widely assumed carriers of the IEFs, display central wavelength shifts, widths, and profiles that vary with temperature and PAH size. We present an extrapolation of the laboratory band shifts and widths for smaller PAHs ($\le$32 carbon atoms) to the larger PAHs ($>$50 carbon atoms) that are thought to be the IEF carriers. The extrapolation leads to tight constraints on the sizes of the putative PAH carriers. Reconciling the observations with the implications of the laboratory spectra pose a significant challenge to the PAH and other IEF carrier hypotheses.
description: Astrophysical Journal, in press. 24 pages, 7 figures
Integral and Rxte/Asm Observations on Igr J17098-3628
Creators: name: Chen, Yu-Peng
name: Zhang, Shu
name: Schurch, Nick
name: Wang, Jian-Min
name: Collmar, Werner
name: Li, Ti-Pei
name: Qu, Jin-Lu
name: Zhang, Cheng-Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To probe further the possible nature of the unidentified source IGR J17098-3628, we have carried out a detailed analysis of its long-term time variability as monitored by RXTE/ASM, and of its hard X-ray properties as observed by INTEGRAL. INTEGRAL has monitored this sky region over years and significantly detected IGR J17098-3628 only when the source was in this dubbed active state. In particular, at $\ge$ 20 keV, IBIS/ISGRI caught an outburst in March 2005, lasting for $\sim$5 days with detection significance of 73$σ$ (20-40 keV) and with the emission at $< $200 keV. The ASM observations reveal that the soft X-ray lightcurve shows a similar outburst to that detected by INTEGRAL, however the peak of the soft X-ray lightcurve either lags, or is preceded by, the hard X-ray ($>$20 keV) outburst by $\sim$2 days. This resembles the behavior of X-ray novae like XN 1124-683, hence it further suggests a LMXB nature for IGR J17098-3628. While the quality of the ASM data prevents us from drawing any definite conclusions, these discoveries are important clues that, coupled with future observations, will help to resolve the as yet unknown nature of IGR J17098-3628.
description: 15 pages, 7 figure, accepted in PASJ
WASP-7: The brightest transiting-exoplanet system in the Southern hemisphere
Creators: name: Hellier, Coel
name: Anderson, D. R.
name: Gillon, M.
name: Lister, T. A.
name: Maxted, P. F. L.
name: Queloz, D.
name: Smalley, B.
name: Triaud, A.
name: West, R. G.
name: Wilson, D. M.
name: Alsubai, K.
name: Bentley, S. J.
name: Cameron, A. Collier
name: Hebb, L.
name: Horne, K.
name: Irwin, J.
name: Kane, S. R.
name: Mayor, M.
name: Pepe, F.
name: Pollacco, D.
name: Skillen, I.
name: Udry, S.
name: Wheatley, P. J.
name: Christian, D. J.
name: Enoch, R.
name: Haswell, C. A.
name: Joshi, Y. C.
name: Norton, A. J.
name: Ryans, R.
name: Street, R. A.
name: Todd, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report that a Jupiter-mass planet, WASP-7b, transits the V = 9.5 star HD197286 every 4.95 d. This is the brightest discovery from the WASP-South transit survey and the brightest transiting-exoplanet system in the Southern hemisphere. WASP-7b is among the densest of the known Jupiter-mass planets, suggesting that it has a massive core. The planet mass is 0.96 M_Jup, the radius 0.915 R_Jup, and the density 1.26 rho_Jup.
Hawking Fluxes, $W_\infty$ Algebra and Anomalies
Creators: name: Bonora, L.
name: Cvitan, M.
name: Pallua, S.
name: Smolic, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We complete the analysis started in [arXiv:0804.0198] of the Hawking radiation calculated by means of anomaly techniques. We concentrate on a static radially symmetric BH, reduced to two dimensions. We compare the two methods used to derive the integrated Hawking radiation, based on the trace and diffeomorphism anomaly, respectively, and show that they can be reduced to the same basic elements. We then concentrate on higher moments of the Hawking radiation and on higher spin currents, and show that, similarly to trace anomalies, also diffeomorphism anomalies are absent from the conservation laws of higher spin currents. We show that the predictivity of the method is due to the $W_\infty$ current algebra underlying the effective model that describes matter around the black hole.
description: 31 pages, two footnotes, references and minor corrections added
Critical Response to Moritz Mutter
Creators: name: Seyfert, Robert
Publisher: name: BEHEMOTH - A Journal on Civilisation
Year: 2014

description: This critical response answers to Moritz Mutter’s reply “(Mis)readings of Luhmann? Reply to Robert Seyfert” in this issue of Behemoth which scrutinizes Seyfert’s critique of Systems Theory in the last issue Vol. 7, No. 1 (http://ojs.ub.uni-freiburg.de/behemoth/article/view/776/706).
description: BEHEMOTH - A Journal on Civilisation, Resilienz, hg. von Sabine Blum, Stefan Kaufmann, Ricky Wichum (Vol. 7, No. 2)
Induced differential rotation and mixing in asynchronous binary stars
Creators: name: Koenigsberger, Gloria
name: Moreno, Edmundo
name: Langer, Norbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rotation contributes to internal mixing processes and observed variability in massive stars. A significant number of binary stars are not in strict synchronous rotation, including all eccentric systems. This leads to a tidally induced and time-variable differential rotation structure. We present a method for exploring the rotation structure of asynchronously rotating binaries. We solve the equations of motion of a 3D grid of volume elements located above the rigidly rotating core in the presence of gravitational, centrifugal, Coriolis, gas pressure and viscous forces to obtain the angular velocity as a function of the three spatial coordinates and time. We find that the induced rotation structure and its temporal variability depend on the degree of departure from synchronicity. In eccentric systems, the structure changes over the orbital cycle with maximum amplitudes occurring potentially at orbital phases other than periastron passage. We discuss the possible role of the time-dependent tidal flows in enhancing the mixing efficiency and speculate that, in this context, slowly rotating asynchronous binaries could have more efficient mixing than the analogous more rapidly rotating but tidally locked systems. We find that some observed nitrogen abundances depend on the orbital inclination, which, if real, would imply an inhomogeneous chemical distribution over the stellar surface or that tidally induced spectral line variability, which is strongest near the equator, affects the abundance determinations. Our models predict that, neglecting other angular momentum transfer mechanisms, a pronounced initial differential rotation structure converges toward average uniform rotation on the viscous timescale. We suggest that by taking into account the processes that are triggered by asynchronous rotation, a broader perspective of binary star structure, evolution and variability may be gleaned.
description: 21 pages, 18 figures