cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gunning-Narasimhan's theorem with a growth condition
Creators: name: Forstneric, Franc
name: Ohsawa, Takeo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a compact Riemann surface X and a point x_0 in X, we construct a holomorphic function without critical points on the punctured Riemann surface R = X - x_0 which is of finite order at the point x_0. This complements the result of Gunning and Narasimhan from 1967 who constructed a noncritical holomorphic function on every open Riemann surface, but without imposing any growth condition. On the other hand, if the genus of X is at least one, then we show that every algebraic function on R admits a critical point. Our proof also shows that every cohomology class in H^1(X;C) is represented as a de Rham class by a nowhere vanishing holomorphic one-form of finite order on the punctured surface X-x_0.
description: J. Geom. Anal., in press
Doomscrolling, Information Overload, and Societal Anxiety: A Critical Analysis
Creators: name: Oliveira D., M. Jorge
Publisher: name: EmpowerVerse Media, Information & Communication Agency
Year: 2025
Subjects: doomscrolling
social anxiety
prepping

description: Digital media has reshaped not only how we access information but also how we experience time and meaning in our constantly connected world. This article critically examines phenomena such as doomscrolling, the disjoint between analogue and digital time representations, and emerging behaviours like doomsday prepping, exploring how these trends affect public consciousness and collective anxiety. By connecting research from media studies, psychology, and sociology, this analysis provides evidence-based insights into the conditions fuelling digital disorientation and suggests pathways toward reclaiming agency in the information age.
About the Percentage Composition of Energies of the Universe, Providet by the MAX PLANCK Institute for Radio Astronomy - Exact Calculation of the Value of the HUBBLE's Constant
Creators: name: Jöge, Friedhelm
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 519999
subject: Other physical sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Formula (a), which is made up two formulas, show the connection between the MAX PLANCK time and the HUBBLE's constant. When converted, it enables the exact calculation of the HUBBLE's constant, which was previously obtained from astronomical measurements, and thus represents, a concrete application of formula (a).SS
Intersectionality Squared: Intrastate Minimum Wage Preemption & Schuette’s Second-Class Citizens
Creators: name: Johnson, Alexsis M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Intersectionality (Sociology)
subject: Minimum wage
subject: Women, Black
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Between 2012 and 2017, more than twenty municipalities passed ordinances providing for extended labor protections for their residents like paid sick leave and higher minimum wages. Often these municipalities and their governing bodies have been more liberal and racially diverse than their respective legislatures. In some of the states where municipalities have succeeded in passing this legislation, the state legislature has very quickly preempted those measures with a state law dictating that no city can set a minimum wage higher than the federal standard of $7.25 an hour. These state laws banning cities from raising the working wage constitute intrastate minimum wage preemption. The lawmakers preempting these local reform efforts proffer to justifications for the bills rooted in economics and federalism. However, these preemptive measures raise consequential questions related to the due process of lawmaking and equal protection jurisprudence more generally. This Note applies an intersectional analysis to the ongoing conservative strategy of intrastate minimum wage preemption6 to reveal one example of how such preemptive measures limit progressive change, and especially burden Black women and women of color. Ultimately, this Note identifies two significant phenomena—or “intersections”— that, together, amount to what this Note will call Intersectionality Squared.
Additional file 3 of Leptospira seroprevalence and associated risk factors in healthy Swedish dogs
Creators: name: Scahill, Karolina
name: Windahl, Ulrika
name: Boqvist, Sofia
name: Pelander, Lena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Appendix 3. Shows the questionnaire that was answered by the dog owners (translated from Swedish).
Four-vector vs. four-scalar representation of the Dirac wave function
Creators: name: Arminjon, Mayeul
name: Reifler, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a Minkowski spacetime, one may transform the Dirac wave function under the spin group, as one transforms coordinates under the Poincaré group. This is not an option in a curved spacetime. Therefore, in the equation proposed independently by Fock and Weyl, the four complex components of the Dirac wave function transform as scalars under a general coordinate transformation. Recent work has shown that a covariant complex four-vector representation is also possible. Using notions of vector bundle theory, we describe these two representations in a unified framework. We prove theorems that relate together the different representations and the different choices of connections within each representation. As a result, either of the two representations can account for a variety of inequivalent, linear, covariant Dirac equations in a curved spacetime that reduce to the original Dirac equation in a Minkowski spacetime. In particular, we show that the standard Dirac equation in a curved spacetime, with any choice of the tetrad field, is equivalent to a particular realization of the covariant Dirac equation for a complex four-vector wave function.
description: 30 pages (standard 12pt). v2: version accepted for publication in Int. J. Geom. Meth. Mod. Phys. Some emphasis and a clarification in Sect. 2.1. The Appendix now proves that the complex tangent bundle is a spinor bundle according to precisely the definition given in Sect. 2.1. Proof of the main Theorem 2 made easier to follow
The United States Credit Rating Downgrade: European Reaction
Creators: name: Roseman, Brian Scott
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2012

description: The purpose of this paper is to answer the important question of how investors viewed the debt obligations from European countries in reaction to the United States credit rating downgrade by Standard and Poor’s on August 5 2011. During this period there were a handful of countries in Europe that still had AAA ratings. This paper looks at the reaction of investors towards Europe, through the medium of Credit Default Swaps (CDSs). By analyzing the changes in CDS spreads, I am able to determine the perceptions of investors regarding the risk of European Sovereigns during the timeframe surrounding the U.S downgrade. The results in this study show that investors perceived greater risk in European countries than in the United States. The Increase in CDS spreads in European countries are driven by countries with less GDP, more corruption, countries that had not been downgraded, and countries that were not part of the European Union or Euro Zone.
Equality in Process: Community Land Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in Kenyan Law
Creators: name: Witchger, Kathryn E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Dispute resolution (Law)
subject: Land use, Rural
subject: Communities
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: In 2010, Kenya ratified a Constitution that formalized its traditional dispute resolution mechanisms (“TDRMs”). In 2016, the legislature extended TDRM formalization to community land through the Community Land Act. While these mechanisms give greater voice to communities, they are implemented through local leaders, usually limited to male elders, and do not adequately represent marginalized groups. During a typical land dispute, it is the elders that resolve the matter because they have the respect of the community, and the best memory for the boundaries of the land. They will call a “baraza” or gathering in which community members will have a chance to voice their opinions and furnish relevant evidence before the elders make a decision. In practice, this means that the new laws run the risk of formalizing not only TDRMs, but also unequal participation in these important mechanisms. While this Note focuses on the gendered impact of TDRMs, disparate access to TDRMs has a particular impact on unmarried women, youth, and other marginalized groups. The formalization of TDRMs is important because land is crucial to Kenyans: it is “not merely a factor of production; it is first and foremost, the medium which defines and binds together social and spiritual relations within and across generations.”
Self-gravitating Klein-Gordon fields in asymptotically Anti-de-Sitter spacetimes
Creators: name: Holzegel, Gustav
name: Smulevici, Jacques
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We initiate the study of the spherically symmetric Einstein-Klein-Gordon system in the presence of a negative cosmological constant, a model appearing frequently in the context of high-energy physics. Due to the lack of global hyperbolicity of the solutions, the natural formulation of dynamics is that of an initial boundary value problem, with boundary conditions imposed at null infinity. We prove a local well-posedness statement for this system, with the time of existence of the solutions depending only on an invariant H^2-type norm measuring the size of the Klein-Gordon field on the initial data. The proof requires the introduction of a renormalized system of equations and relies crucially on r-weighted estimates for the wave equation on asymptotically AdS spacetimes. The results provide the basis for our companion paper establishing the global asymptotic stability of Schwarzschild-Anti-de-Sitter within this system.
description: 50 pages, v2: minor changes, to appear in Annales Henri Poincar\'e
Additional file 1 of A novel signature model based on mitochondrial-related genes for predicting survival of colon adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: Gao, Hongli
name: Xing, Fei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Figure S1: Kaplan-Meier plots of another two prognostic mitochondrion-related genes signature (P > 0.05). Figure S2: Decision Curve Analysis for the risk score model. Figure S3: Correlation analysis Association between risk score and clinicopathological characteristics (P > 0.05). Figure S4: Correlation analysis between risk score and immune checkpoint expression of PDCD1 and PDCD1LG2. (PDF 2274 kb)
Composite Feature-Based Face Detection Using Skin Color Modeling and SVM Classification
Creators: name: Rajashekar, Swathi
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2012

description: This report proposes a face detection algorithm based on skin color modeling and support vector machine (SVM) classification. Said classification is based on various face features used to detect specific faces in an input color image. A YCbCr color space is used to filter the skin color pixels from the input color image. Template matching is used on the result with various window sizes of the template created from an ORL face database. The candidates obtained above, are then classified by SVM classifiers using the histogram of oriented gradients, eigen features, edge ratio, and edge statistics features.
Dynamics of coupled vortices in a pair of ferromagnetic disks
Creators: name: Sugimoto, Satoshi
name: Fukuma, Yasuhiro
name: Kasai, Shinya
name: Kimura, Takashi
name: Barman, Anjan
name: Otani, YoshiChika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We here experimentally demonstrate that coupled gyration modes can be resonantly excited primarily by the ac current in a pair of ferromagnetic disks with varied separating distance. The sole gyrotropic mode clearly splits into a higher and a lower frequency modes for different configurations of polarities via dipolar interaction. These experimental results indicate that the magnetostatically coupled pair of vortices behaves similar to a diatomic molecule with bonding and anti-bonding states. These findings lead to the possible extension of designing the magnonic band structure in a chain or an array of vortices.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted
Concrete Design for Traffic Application
Creators: name: Shields, Marc
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2012

description: Inductive charging of electronic devices is a newer technology that is capable of transferring electrical power without physical contact through wiring. Research is currently being done to find and improve ways to implement this technology on electric cars. If this type of technology pas implemented on a large scale throughout much of the country, electrical or hybrid cars could travel across counties and states without depleting their batteries.
The current problem with electric cars is that they have a limited range of travel. Even with larger batteries with much more capacitance, the range of pure electric cars usually does not exceed 100 miles (Gigaom, 2012). This is acceptable for a daily commute, but it does not hold up for cross country travel. It would be completely infeasible to travel long distances while having to stop to let your car charge for several hours. A charging system in the road way is likely the only way to rid electric cars of this impending limitation.
The main goal of this research was to design and build a suitable concrete box that can contain the necessary charging equipment, be placed underneath the road surface and maintain its structural integrity to protect the electronic equipment from crushing and moisture. Being placed a few inches below the road surface, the concrete box would need to be able to support the same loading that the roadway was designed for. The concrete box would need to uphold large compressive load while remaining durable. It should also be sturdy enough to avoid tensile cracks that could arise from handling during installation. Overall, the concrete box’s design must be easily fabricated on a mass scale, light enough for ease of installation, and tough enough to maintain structural integrity over years of cyclic loading.
Effects of biasing on the galaxy power spectrum at large scales
Creators: name: Jiménez, Jose Beltrán
name: Durrer, Ruth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: n this paper we study the effect of biasing on the power spectrum at large scales. We show that even though non-linear biasing does introduce a white noise contribution on large scales, the $P(k)\propto k^n$ behavior of the matter power spectrum on large scales may still be visible and above the white noise for about one decade. We show, that the Kaiser biasing scheme which leads to linear bias of the correlation function on {\em large} scales, also generates a linear bias of the {\rm power spectrum} on rather small scales. This is a consequence of the divergence on small scales of the pure Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum. However, biasing becomes k-dependent when we damp the underlying power spectrum on small scales. We also discuss the effect of biasing on the baryon acoustic oscillations.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures. One figure and comments clarifying the linear biasing on small scales and references added. V3 version accepted in PRD
An Unusual Cause of Camptocormia
Creators: name: Mehta, Sahil
name: Kumar, Rajender
name: Lal, Vivek
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Parkinson's disease
Spine--Abnormalities
Dopamine--Antagonists
Drugs--Side effects

description: Background: Camptocormia is defined as forward flexion of the spine that manifests during walking and standing and disappears in recumbent position. The various etiologies include idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, myopathies, degenerative joint disease, and drugs.

Case Report: A 67-year-old diabetic female presented with bradykinesia and camptocormia that started 1 year prior to presentation. Evaluation revealed levosulpiride, a dopamine receptor blocker commonly used for dyspepsia, to be the culprit.

Discussion: It is well known that dopamine receptor blockers cause parkinsonism and tardive syndromes. We report a rare and unusual presentation of camptocormia attributed to this commonly used gastrointestinal drug in the Asian population.
Non-decoupling effects in supersymmetric Higgs sectors
Creators: name: Kanemura, Shinya
name: Shindou, Tetsuo
name: Yagyu, Kei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A wide class of Higgs sectors is investigated in supersymmetric standard models. When the lightest Higgs boson (h) looks the standard model one, the mass (m_h) and the triple Higgs boson coupling (the hhh coupling) are evaluated at the one-loop level in each model. While m_h is at most 120-130 GeV in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), that in models with an additional neutral singlet or triplet fields can be much larger. The hhh coupling can also be sensitive to the models: while in the MSSM the deviation from the standard model prediction is not significant, that can be 30-60 % in some models such as the MSSM with the additional singlet or with extra doublets and charged singlets. These models are motivated by specific physics problems like the mu-problem, the neutrino mass, the scalar dark matter and so on. Therefore, when h is found at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, we can classify supersymmetric models by measuring m_h and the hhh coupling accurately at future collider experiments.
description: 16pages, 6figures. To be published in Physics Letters B
Estimation of Beta in a Simple Functional Capital Asset Pricing Model for High Frequency US Stock Data
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuzhe (Yan)
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2012

description: This project applies the methods of functional data analysis (FDA) to intra-daily returns of US corporations. It focuses on an extension of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to such returns. The CAPM is essentially a linear regression with the slope coefficient β. Returns of an asset are regressed on index return. We compare the estimates of β obtained for the daily and intra-daily returns. The variability of these estimates is assessed by two bootstrap methods. All computations are performed using statistical software R. Customized functions are developed to process the raw data, estimate the parameters and assess their variability.
The results turn out to be: First, the estimates of β obtained for the intradaily returns have bigger absolute values than those for the daily returns; secondly, to assess the variability of the estimates of β obtained for the intra-daily returns, residual bootstrap method is more reliable than pairwise bootstrap method; thirdly, the estimates of β obtained for the intra-daily returns are much higher in absolute values in 2004 than those in any other years.
Re: Tardive Dyskinesia-like Syndrome Due to Drugs that do not Block Dopamine Receptors: Rare or Non-existent: Literature Review
Creators: name: Walker, Ruth H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Tardive dyskinesia
Neurology
Dystonia

description: This is a letter responding a literature review about tardive dyskinesia-like syndromes due to drugs that do not block dopamine receptors. The author mentions that forms of dystonia like cranial segmental dystonia, blepharospasm, and other facial
dystonias are probably underrecognized and underdiagnosed and that it is likely that people who are affected by "spontaneous dyskinesia" already have one of these dystonias.
Addressing the Diverse Needs of Adults ESL and FL Students
Creators: name: Whiteley Child, Lea Marie
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2012

description: In this portfolio, the author examines what she considers to be good language teaching. The centerpiece of the portfolio is the teaching philosophy which discusses what the author believes constitutes effective language teaching such as using different teaching methods (such as task-based instruction), following the TESOL standards and the Standards for Foreign Language Learning (SFLL), and promoting authenticity in the classroom. The artifacts are papers I wrote for the MSLT program which support the author’s teaching philosophy. The culture artifact emphasizes pragmatic transfer from the first language to English. The literacy artifact examines different methods of improving vocabulary acquisition. The language artifact discusses my reflections on issues faced when teaching adult ESL students. In addition to the artifacts, the author includes a reflection of her teaching based on a video recording of her teaching a Spanish 1010 class. Finally, in the annotated bibliography, she highlights the articles and books which were most influential for her in developing her teaching philosophy and artifacts.
Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars in the Inner and Outer Halo Components of the Milky Way
Creators: name: Carollo, D.
name: Beers, T. C.
name: Bovy, J.
name: Sivarani, T.
name: Norris, J. E.
name: Freeman, K. C.
name: Aoki, W.
name: Lee, Y. S.
name: Kennedy, C. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) Carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars in the halo components of the Milky Way are explored, based on accurate determinations of the carbon-to-iron ([C/Fe]) abundance ratios and kinematic quantities for over 30000 calibration stars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Using our present criterion that low-metallicity stars exhibiting [C/Fe] ratios ("carbonicity") in excess of [C/Fe]$ = +0.7$ are considered CEMP stars, the global frequency of CEMP stars in the halo system for \feh\ $< -1.5$ is 8%; for \feh\ $< -2.0$ it is 12%; for \feh\ $$ $\sim +1.0$ at \feh\ $= -1.5$ to $$ $\sim +1.7$ at \feh\ $= -2.7$. The nature of the carbonicity distribution function (CarDF) changes dramatically with increasing distance above the Galactic plane, $|$Z$|$. For $|$Z$|$ $< 5$ kpc, relatively few CEMP stars are identified. For distances $|$Z$|$ $> 5$ kpc, the CarDF exhibits a strong tail towards high values, up to [C/Fe] $>$ +3.0. We also find a clear increase in the CEMP frequency with $|$Z$|$. For stars with $-2.0 $ $\sim +1.0$ for 0 kpc $$ $\sim +1.5$, again roughly independent of $|$Z$|$.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, 32 pages, 15 figures
Cost of implementing a community-based primary health care strengthening program: The case of the Ghana Essential Health Interventions Program in northern Ghana
Creators: name: Kanmiki, Edmund Wedam
name: Akazili, James
name: Bawah, Ayaga A.
name: Phillips, James F.
name: Awoonor-Williams, John Koku
name: Asuming, Patrick O.
name: Oduro, Abraham R.
name: Aikins, Moses
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Community development, Urban
Public health--Costs

description: Background
The absence of implementation cost data constrains deliberations on consigning resources to community-based health programs. This paper analyses the cost of implementing strategies for accelerating the expansion of a community-based primary health care program in northern Ghana. Known as the Ghana Essential Health Intervention Program (GEHIP), the project was an embedded implementation science program implemented to provide practical guidance for accelerating the expansion of community-based primary health care and introducing improvements in the range of services community workers can provide.

Methods
Cost data were systematically collected from intervention and non-intervention districts throughout the implementation period (2012–2014) from a provider perspective. The step-down allocation approach to costing was used while WHO health system blocks were adopted as cost centers. We computed cost without annualizing capital cost to represent financial cost and cost with annualizing capital cost to represent economic cost.

Results
The per capita financial cost and economic cost of implementing GEHIP over a three-year period was $1.79, and $1.07 respectively. GEHIP comprised only 3.1% of total primary health care cost. Health service delivery comprised the largest component of cost (37.6%), human resources was 28.6%, medicines was 13.6%, leadership/governance was 12.8%, while health information comprised 7.5% of the economic cost of implementing GEHIP.

Conclusion
The per capita cost of implementing the GEHIP program was low. GEHIP project investments had a catalytic effect that improved community-based health planning and services (CHPS) coverage and enhanced the efficient use of routine health system resources rather than expanding overall primary health care costs.
Dense-Coding Attack on Three-Party Quantum Key Distribution Protocols
Creators: name: Gao, Fei
name: Qin, Su-Juan
name: Guo, Fen-Zhuo
name: Wen, Qiao-Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cryptanalysis is an important branch in the study of cryptography, including both the classical cryptography and the quantum one. In this paper we analyze the security of two three-party quantum key distribution protocols (QKDPs) proposed recently, and point out that they are susceptible to a simple and effective attack, i.e. the dense-coding attack. It is shown that the eavesdropper Eve can totally obtain the session key by sending entangled qubits as the fake signal to Alice and performing collective measurements after Alice's encoding. The attack process is just like a dense-coding communication between Eve and Alice, where a special measurement basis is employed. Furthermore, this attack does not introduce any errors to the transmitted information and consequently will not be discovered by Alice and Bob. The attack strategy is described in detail and a proof for its correctness is given. At last, the root of this insecurity and a possible way to improve these protocols are discussed.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Hierarchical Structural Organizations of State Political Parties
Creators: name: Higham, Isaac McKay
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2012

description: From August through November of 2011 I worked as an intern for the Utah Democratic state party at their state party headquarters. I started my internship around the same time as the newly elected chair of the state party, Jim Dabakis, assumed his new role as head of the party. Dabakis did not have the traditional resume of a party chair but rather had his background as an international art dealer and businessman. He had always been politically minded and involved in political causes, but he did not have the extensive partisan politics background that previous chairs had. In anticipation of taking over as chair, Dabakis went on a statewide tour visiting with all of the county party leaders and Utahns from all over the state. When I started my internship Dabakis expressed that he was somewhat perplexed as to why the party was organized in the way that it was. He didn’t understand why each of twenty-nine counties needed its own county party with its own executive committee and its own bureaucratic structure. I realized that, despite my background in political science, I had never really thought about this question and had no idea whether there even were state parties that were organized in any other way. I began to ask the same questions as Dabakis. Certainly Salt Lake County, with over one million people living within its boundaries, needs its own county party structure but is the same necessarily true for Daggett or Piute counties that each has less than two thousand residents? If Utah has such a great contrast between counties creating confusion in organizational structure, then it is likely that other states have some unique organizational needs as well.
This confusion over the decentralization of party power to the county level rather than some other sub-level spurred several questions. Do parties organize themselves in any other way below the state level in other states? If so, what is the reasoning behind the model of decentralization chosen in various states? Further, if a party chooses a different model of decentralization of state party organization what impact, if any, does this have on electoral success, candidate recruitment, party organizational strength, registration numbers, and other indicators of party success? These questions not only have theoretical grounding, but the answers to these questions have real life application to partisan politics in modern electoral politics in the United States. This paper will conduct a review of literature relating to party integration, summarize the hierarchical organizational structures of the various state parties, examine potential causes and potential consequences of various structure models, and provide a review of surveys and interviews of local party elites to provide useful insight into the aforementioned questions.
Platelet count abnormalities and peri-operative outcomes in adults undergoing elective, non-cardiac surgery
Creators: name: Weil, Isabel Ally
name: Kumar, Prateek
name: Seicean, Sinziana
name: Neuhauser, Duncan
name: Seicean, Andreea
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Surgery, Elective
subject: Blood platelets
subject: Medical screening
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background
Anemia and transfusion of blood in the peri-operative period have been shown to be associated with increased morbidity and mortality across a wide variety of non-cardiac surgeries. While tests of coagulation, including the platelet count, have frequently been used to identify patients with an increased risk of peri-operative bleeding, results have been equivocal. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of platelet level on outcomes in patients undergoing elective surgery.

Materials and methods
Retrospective cohort analysis of prospectively-collected clinical data from American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) between 2006–2016.

Results
We identified 3,884,400 adult patients who underwent elective, non-cardiac surgery from 2006–2016 at hospitals participating in NSQIP, a prospectively-collected, national clinical database with established reproducibility and validity. After controlling for all peri- and intraoperative factors by matching on propensity scores, patients with all levels of thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis had higher odds for perioperative transfusion. All levels of thrombocytopenia were associated with higher mortality, but there was no association with complications or other morbidity after matching. On the other hand, thrombocytosis was not associated with mortality; but odds for postoperative complications and 30-day return to the operating room remained slightly increased after matching.

Conclusions
These findings may guide surgeons in the appropriate use and appreciation of the utility of pre-operative screening of the platelet count prior to an elective, non-cardiac surgery.
Response to Letter to the Editor
Creators: name: Friedman, Joseph H.
name: D’Abreu, Anelyssa
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Dystonia
Tardive dyskinesia
Movement disorders
Neurology

description: This is a letter responding to a a reply to a literature review about tardive dyskinesia-like syndromes due to drugs that do not block dopamine receptors. The authors are skeptical that many primary dystonias are being misdiagnosed, but certainly think it possible, and agree that dystonia must be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Electronic topological transition in sliding bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Son, Young-Woo
name: Choi, Seon-Myeong
name: Hong, Yoon Pyo
name: Woo, Sungjong
name: Jhi, Seung-Hoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate theoretically that the topology of energy bands and Fermi surface in bilayer graphene undergoes a very sensitive transition when extremely tiny lateral interlayer shift occurs in arbitrary directions. The phenomenon originates from a generation of effective non-Abelian vector potential in Dirac Hamiltonian by the sliding motions. The characteristics of the transition such as pair annihilations of massless Dirac fermions are dictated by the sliding direction owing to a unique interplay between the effective non-Abelian gauge fields and Berry's phases associated with massless electrons. The transition manifests itself in various measurable quantities such as anomalous density of states, minimal conductivity, and distinct Landau level spectrum.
description: title changed, an extended version for regular article format, 10 pages, 5 figures
Convergence of random series and the rate of convergence of the strong law of large numbers in game-theoretic probability
Creators: name: Miyabe, Kenshi
name: Takemura, Akimichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a unified treatment of the convergence of random series and the rate of convergence of strong law of large numbers in the framework of game-theoretic probability of Shafer and Vovk (2001). We consider games with the quadratic hedge as well as more general weaker hedges. The latter corresponds to existence of an absolute moment of order smaller than two in the measure-theoretic framework. We prove some precise relations between the convergence of centered random series and the convergence of the series of prices of the hedges. When interpreted in measure-theoretic framework, these results characterize convergence of a martingale in terms of convergence of the series of conditional absolute moments. In order to prove these results we derive some fundamental results on deterministic strategies of Reality, who is a player in a protocol of game-theoretic probability. It is of particular interest, since Reality's strategies do not have any counterparts in measure-theoretic framework, ant yet they can be used to prove results, which can be interpreted in measure-theoretic framework.
Reinforcements on the Border: The Utah National Guard's Role in the Punitive Expedition, 1916-1917
Creators: name: Dubach, Thomas Reese
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2012

description: In June 2006, in a plan to mitigate illicit border crossings, President George W. Bush called the National Guard to the border to build a fence. Almost ninety years to the day earlier, President Woodrow Wilson mobilized the National Guard to the border to protect it from raiders and smugglers who were part of the Mexican Revolution. Most Utahns are aware that the Utah National Guard spent time on the border to construct the fence. However, most do not know that the Utah National Guard served on the border as part of President Wilson’s mobilization. In 1916, a civil war that began as a fight for the Mexican presidency, and turned into a revolution in Mexico, pulled the US military into Mexico and the National Guard to the border. The Utah National Guard found itself hundreds of miles from home protecting the border from bandits, raids, and the smuggling of arms into Mexico.
Synthesis and polymerization of spiro-orthoesters catalyzed by a cationic indium complex
Creators: name: Chang, Chen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: While numerous neutral indium complexes have been reported to be functional group tolerant Lewis acid catalysts for various transformations, there are only a handful of reported cationic indium complexes; these are mostly inactive in catalytic transformations. Herein, I describe the synthesis and characterization of a rare cationic indium alkyl complex bearing a chiral tridentate ligand, [(NNO)In(CH₂SiMe₃)(THF)][BArF] (30). Complex 30 is active towards reaction of 1,2-epoxy-7-octene and ε-caprolactone to form the corresponding spiro-orthoester (SOE1), where quantitative conversions of both substrates are achieved under 24 hours at 2.5% catalyst loading at 60 ˚C in benzene. Synthesis of spiro-orthoesters bearing various ether rings are also achieved with different lactone substrates. While preliminary polymerization studies of SOE1 by the cationic indium species 30 suggest the poor activity of this system towards polymerization of SOE1 at low temperature, polymerization of SOE1 complex 30 at 110 ˚C resulted in over 90% conversion of the monomer, and the resulting polymer was tentatively assigned as low molecular weight poly(ether ester). This thesis provides another example of the unusual reactivity of cationic indium complexes, where further investigation of various spiro-orthoesters synthesis and polymerization, as well as exploration of other cationic indium complexes, will be continued in the Mehrkhodavandi group.
Generalized Transformation Optics of Linear Materials
Creators: name: Thompson, Robert T.
name: Cummer, Steven A.
name: Frauendiener, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We continue the development of a manifestly 4-dimensional, completely covariant, approach to transformation optics in linear dielectric materials begun in a previous paper. This approach, which generalizes the Plebanski based approach, is systematically applicable for all transformations and all general linear materials. Importantly, it enables useful applications such as arbitrary relative motion, transformations from arbitrary non-vacuum initial dielectric media, and arbitrary space-times. This approach is demonstrated for a resulting material that moves with uniform linear velocity. The inverse problem of this covariant approach is shown to generalize Gordon's "optical metric".
description: 16 pages, 2 figures. This version: minor clarification to text
The Effectiveness of Campaign Contribution Limits in Judicial Elections
Creators: name: Jones, Camarie Tanesha
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2012

description: State judicial elections are becoming increasingly more expensive in terms of overall spending. The growing visibilities of these elections are expectantly followed with the support of special interest groups as well as individual contributions. This article focuses on judicial campaign contribution limits and there effectiveness in accomplishing their original goals. My research will address a variety of state judicial elections as well as Supreme Court cases involving the effectiveness of judicial campaign contributions have in accomplishing there purpose of reducing overall spending and preventing corruption. My hypothesis states that judicial campaign contributions are not effective in limiting the overall spending in a judicial election or in preventing corruption of individuals.
Relevance of the Heisenberg-Kitaev model for the honeycomb lattice iridates A_2IrO_3
Creators: name: Singh, Yogesh
name: Manni, S.
name: Reuther, J.
name: Berlijn, T.
name: Thomale, R.
name: Ku, W.
name: Trebst, S.
name: Gegenwart, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combining thermodynamic measurements with theoretical density functional and thermodynamic calculations we demonstrate that the honeycomb lattice iridates A2IrO3 (A = Na, Li) are magnetically ordered Mott insulators where the magnetism of the effective spin-orbital S = 1/2 moments can be captured by a Heisenberg-Kitaev (HK) model with Heisenberg interactions beyond nearest-neighbor exchange. Experimentally, we observe an increase of the Curie-Weiss temperature from θ= -125 K for Na2IrO3 to θ= -33 K for Li2IrO3, while the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature remains roughly the same T_N = 15 K for both materials. Using finite-temperature functional renormalization group calculations we show that this evolution of θ, T_N, the frustration parameter f = θ/T_N, and the zig-zag magnetic ordering structure suggested for both materials by density functional theory can be captured within this extended HK model. Combining our experimental and theoretical results, we estimate that Na2IrO3 is deep in the magnetically ordered regime of the HK model (α\approx 0.25), while Li2IrO3 appears to be close to a spin-liquid regime (0.6 < α< 0.7).
description: Version accepted for publication in PRL. Additional DFT and thermodynamic calculations have been included. 6 pages of supplementary material included
Proposal for a quantum delayed-choice experiment
Creators: name: Ionicioiu, Radu
name: Terno, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gedanken experiments are important conceptual tools in the quest to reconcile our classical intuition with quantum mechanics and nowadays are routinely performed in the laboratory. An important open question is the quantum behaviour of the controlling devices in such experiments. We propose a framework to analyse quantum-controlled experiments and illustrate the implications by discussing a quantum version of Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment. The introduction of a quantum-controlled device (i.e., quantum beamsplitter) has several consequences. First, it implies that we can measure complementary phenomena with a single experimental setup, thus pointing to a redefinition of complementarity principle. Second, a quantum control allows us to prove there are no consistent hidden-variable theories in which "particle" and "wave" are realistic properties. Finally, it shows that a photon can have a morphing behaviour between "particle" and "wave"; this further supports the conclusion that "particle" and "wave" are not realistic properties but merely reflect how we 'look' at the photon. The framework developed here can be extended to other experiments, particularly to Bell-inequality tests.
Fundamental Relativistic Rotator. Hessian singularity and the issue of the minimal interaction with electromagnetic field
Creators: name: Bratek, Łukasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are two relativistic rotators with Casimir invariants of the Poincaré group being fixed parameters. The particular models of spinning particles were studied in the past both at the classical and quantum level. Recently, a minimal interaction with electromagnetic field has been considered. We show that the dynamical systems can be uniquely singled out from among other relativistic rotators by the unphysical requirement that the Hessian referring to the physical degrees of freedom should be singular. Closely related is the fact that the equations of free motion are not independent, making the evolution indeterminate. We show that the Hessian singularity cannot be removed by the minimal interaction with the electromagnetic field. By making use of a nontrivial Hessian null space, we show that a single constraint appears in the external field for consistency of the equations of motion with the Hessian singularity. The constraint imposes unphysical limitation on the initial conditions and admissible motions. We discuss the mechanism of appearance of unique solutions in external fields on an example of motion in the uniform magnetic field. We give a simple model to illustrate that similarly constrained evolution cannot be determinate in arbitrary fields.
description: 16 pages, in v2: shortened, improved presentation, proofs moved to Appendices, in v3: further text permutations and a comment added concerning hamiltonization, in v4: language corrections, final form
Simulating Loan Repayment by the Sinking Fund Method (Sinking Fund Governed by a Sequence of Interest Rates)
Creators: name: Gangnang Fosso, Placede Judicaelle
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2012

description: The sinking fund method is a way to repay a loan where the borrower pays the amount of interest accrued by the principal at the end of each time period and puts a certain amount in a sinking fund in order to repay the principal at the end of the loan. Usually, we assume that the interest rate on the sinking fund is the same during the entire time of the loan. In the study, we will depart from the usual assumptions and will look at different scenarios, including when changes of the interest rate on the sinking fund follows a normal distribution, a uniform distribution and ARIMA processes.
Exercise in Huntington's Disease: Current State and Clinical Significance
Creators: name: Mueller, Sandro Manuel
name: Petersen, Jens A.
name: Jung, Hans H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Huntington's disease
Exercise
Cardiovascular fitness
Body composition
Huntington's disease--Patients

description: Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare, progressive neurodegenerative disease. Currently, there is no cure for the disease, but treatment may alleviate HD symptoms. In recent years, several exercise training interventions have been conducted in HD patients. In the current article, we review previous studies investigating targeted exercise training interventions in HD patients.

Methods: We performed a literature search using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases on exercise training interventions in HD patients. Six publications fulfilled the criteria and were included in the review.

Results: Exercise training resulted in beneficial effects on cardiovascular and mitochondrial function. Training effects on cognition, motor function, and body composition were less congruent, but a positive effect seems likely. Health-related quality of life during the training interventions was stable. Most studies reported no related adverse events in response to training.

Discussion: Exercise training seems to be safe and feasible in HD patients. However, current knowledge is mainly based on short, small-scale studies and it cannot be transferred to all HD patients. Therefore, longer-term interventions with larger HD patient cohorts are necessary to draw firm conclusions about the potentially positive effects of exercise training in HD patients.