cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Interaction versus entropic repulsion for low temperature Ising polymers
Creators: name: Ioffe, Dmitry
name: Shlosman, Senya
name: Toninelli, Fabio Lucio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K35 82B41

description: Contours associated to many interesting low-temperature statistical mechanics models (2D Ising model, (2+1)D SOS interface model, etc) can be described as self-interacting and self-avoiding walks on $\mathbb Z^2$. When the model is defined in a finite box, the presence of the boundary induces an interaction, that can turn out to be attractive, between the contour and the boundary of the box. On the other hand, the contour cannot cross the boundary, so it feels entropic repulsion from it. In various situations of interest a crucial technical problem is to prove that entropic repulsion prevails over the pinning interaction: in particular, the contour-boundary interaction should not modify significantly the contour partition function and the related surface tension should be unchanged. Here we prove that this is indeed the case, at least at sufficiently low temperature, in a quite general framework that applies in particular to the models of interest mentioned above.
Role of various factors affecting the photochemical treatment of N-nitrosamines related to CO2 capture
Creators: name: Aqeel, Afzal
name: Lim, Ho-Jin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Post-combustion CO2 capture using amine solvents is the most feasible method of reducing anthropogenic CO2 emissions, which are the largest contributor to global warming. The formation of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines (i.e. by-products) can hinder the industrial application of this technology. In this study, the effects of direct UV photolysis (N-nitrosamine concentration and amines) and advanced oxidation processes (UV/H2O2 and UV/O3) on the three specific N-nitrosamines that are commonplace in amine-based CO2 capture (i.e. N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA), and N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR)) were examined. A significant decrease in the photodegradation rate constants was observed for NDEA (1.02 × 100 to 2.94 × 10−1 min−1), NDELA (1.52 × 100 to 3.32 × 10−1 min−1), and NMOR (1.93 × 100 to 2.20 × 10−1 min−1) as their concentrations increased within 1–50 mg/L. This is the first report of a significant increase in the degradation rate constants of N-nitrosamine with an increase in amine concentrations (i.e. monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and morpholine) within 10–200 mM. The photodegradation rate constants increased as the molar ratio of H2O2 to N-nitrosamine increased to 20, but then decreased at molar ratios beyond this. O3 had a negligible effect on the photodegradation of N-nitrosamines.
Role of Various Factors Affecting the Photochemical Treatment of N-Nitrosamines Related to CO2 Capture
Creators: name: Aqeel, Afzal
name: Lim, Ho-Jin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Post-combustion CO2 capture using amine solvents is the most feasible method of reducing anthropogenic CO2 emissions, which are the largest contributor to global warming. The formation of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines (i.e., by-products) can hinder the industrial application of this technology. In this study, the effects of direct UV photolysis (N-nitrosamine concentration and amines) and advanced oxidation processes (UV/H2O2 and UV/O3) on the three specific N-nitrosamines that are commonplace in amine-based CO2 capture (i.e., N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA), and N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR)) were examined. A significant decrease in the photodegradation rate constants was observed for NDEA (1.02 × 100 to 2.94 × 10−1 min-1), NDELA (1.52 × 100 to 3.32 × 10−1 min-1), and NMOR (1.93 × 100 to 2.20 × 10−1 min-1) as their concentrations increased within 1–50 mg/L. This is the first report of a significant increase in the degradation rate constants of N-nitrosamine with an increase in amine concentrations (i.e., monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and morpholine (MOR)) within 10–200 mM. The photodegradation rate constants increased as the molar ratio of H2O2 to N-nitrosamine increased to 20, but then decreased at molar ratios beyond this. O3 had a negligible effect on the photodegradation of N-nitrosamines. Highlights N-nitrosamines concentration showed an inhibitory effect on its photodegradation. First time positive effect of amines on photodegradation rate constant was observed at low amine levels relevant to washwater solutions. The enhancement in removal efficiency of N-nitrosamines due to H2O2 was observed upto specific molar ratio. O3 had a negligible effect on UV photodegradation of N-nitrosamines due to its low solubility.
Phase transition patterns for coupled complex scalar fields at finite temperature and density
Creators: name: Silva, Manuella C.
name: Ramos, Rudnei O.
name: Farias, Ricardo L. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase transition patterns displayed by a model of two coupled complex scalar fields are studied at finite temperature and chemical potential. Possible phenomena like symmetry persistence and inverse symmetry breaking at high temperatures are analyzed. The effect of finite density is also considered and studied in combination with the thermal effects. The nonperturbative optimized perturbation theory method is considered and the results contrasted with perturbation theory. Applications of the results obtained are considered in the context of an effective model for condensation of kaons at high densities, which is of importance in the understanding of the color-flavor locked phase of quantum chromodynamics.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures. Corrected some minor typos. Published version in the Physical Review D
Interface Design for Crowdsourcing Hierarchical Multi-Label Text Annotations
Creators: name: Stureborg, Rickard
name: Dhingra, Bhuwan
name: Yang, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5

description: Human data labeling is an important and expensive task at the heart of supervised learning systems. Hierarchies help humans understand and organize concepts. We ask whether and how concept hierarchies can inform the design of annotation interfaces to improve labeling quality and efficiency. We study this question through annotation of vaccine misinformation, where the labeling task is difficult and highly subjective. We investigate 6 user interface designs for crowdsourcing hierarchical labels by collecting over 18,000 individual annotations. Under a fixed budget, integrating hierarchies into the design improves crowdsource workers' F1 scores. We attribute this to (1) Grouping similar concepts, improving F1 scores by +0.16 over random groupings, (2) Strong relative performance on high-difficulty examples (relative F1 score difference of +0.40), and (3) Filtering out obvious negatives, increasing precision by +0.07. Ultimately, labeling schemes integrating the hierarchy outperform those that do not - achieving mean F1 of 0.70.
description: To appear in CHI-2023
Incidence and Predictors of Acute Psychological Distress and Dissociation After Motor Vehicle Collision: A Cross-Sectional Study
Creators: name: Rathlev, Niels
name: Domeier, Robert
name: McLean, Samuel A.
name: Lewis, Gemma C.
name: Platts-Mills, Timothy F.
name: Hendry, Phyllis
name: Peak, David
name: Jones, Jeffrey
name: Swor, Robert
name: Lee, David
name: Liberzon, Israel
name: Bair, Eric
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The authors examined the incidence and predictors of peritraumatic distress and dissociation after one of the most common forms of civilian trauma exposure: motor vehicle collision (MVC).
JWST CEERS & JADES Active Galaxies at z = 4-7 Violate the Local $M_\bullet-M_\star$ Relation at $>3σ$: Implications for Low-Mass Black Holes and Seeding Models
Creators: name: Pacucci, Fabio
name: Nguyen, Bao
name: Carniani, Stefano
name: Maiolino, Roberto
name: Fan, Xiaohui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: JWST is revolutionizing our understanding of the high-$z$ Universe by expanding the black hole horizon, looking farther and to smaller masses, and revealing the stellar light of their hosts. By examining JWST galaxies at $z=4-7$ that host H$α$-detected black holes, we investigate (i) the high-$z$ $M_\bullet-M_\star$ relation and (ii) the black hole mass distribution, especially in its low-mass range ($M_\bullet \lesssim 10^{6.5} M_\odot$). With a detailed statistical analysis, our findings conclusively reveal a high-$z$ $M_\bullet-M_\star$ relation that deviates at $>3σ$ confidence level from the local relation. The high-$z$ relation is: $\log(M_\bullet/M_\odot) = -2.43^{+0.83}_{-0.83} + 1.06^{+0.09}_{-0.09} \log(M_\star/M_\odot)$. Black holes are overmassive by $\sim 10-100\times$ compared to their low-$z$ counterparts in galactic hosts of the same stellar mass. This fact is not due to a selection effect in surveys. Moreover, our analysis predicts the possibility of detecting in high-$z$ JWST surveys $5-15\times$ more black holes with $M_\bullet \lesssim 10^{6.5} M_\odot$, and $10-30\times$ more with $M_\bullet \lesssim 10^{8.5} M_\odot$, compared to local relation's predictions. The lighter black holes preferentially occupy galaxies with a stellar mass of $\sim 10^{7.5}-10^8 M_\odot$. We have yet to detect these sources because (i) they may be inactive (duty cycles $1\%-10\%$), (ii) the host overshines the AGN, or (iii) the AGN is obscured and not immediately recognizable by line diagnostics. A search of low-mass black holes in existing JWST surveys will further test the $M_\bullet-M_\star$ relation. Current JWST fields represent a treasure trove of black hole systems at $z = 4-7$; their detection will provide crucial insights into their early evolution and co-evolution with their galactic hosts.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 14 pages, 5 figures
Graphium septentrionicolus Page & Treadaway 2013, stat. nov.
Creators: name: Cotton, Adam M.
name: Doleck, Tenzing
name: Zhang, Xin
name: Inayoshi, Yutaka
name: Lohman, David J.
name: Hu, Shao-Ji
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Papilionidae
Graphium
Graphium septentrionicolus

description: Graphium septentrionicolus Page & Treadaway, 2013 stat. nov.
INDIA: 1♂, HOLOTYPE [illustration], Nowgang, Assam, 1964-IV-14, C. G. Treadaway leg. [SMF].
MYANMAR: 1♂, Hkasi (1,050 m), Tarung Hka River, N. Sagaing State, 2007-VII-2, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC]; 1♂, same locality, 2008-IV-22, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC]; 1♂, same locality, 2008-IV-25, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC]; 6♂♂, between Pangmandim & Gawai, Mayhka River, N. Kachin State, 1996-VII-20-27, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC]; 1♂, Dasu Long, east of Renam, N.E. Kachin State, 1996-VI-21, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC]; 1♂, same locality, 2005-V-23, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC]; 1♂, same locality, 2006-V-1, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC]; 1♂, Chudu Razi Hills, east of Kawnglanghpu, N.E. Kachin State, 2005-VII-27, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC]; 1♂, same locality, 2006-VII-15, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC]; 1♂, same locality, 2007-VI-3, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC]; 1♂, same locality, 2008-IV-26, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC]; 1♂, same locality, 2008-VI-10, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC]; 1♂, Mairudam, N.E. Kachin State, 2005-VIII-1, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC].
CHINA: 1♂, Duoxiongla valley, Metok, S. Tibet, 2012-VII–22-VIII-10, Yang Yang leg. [AMC]; 5♂♂, Beibeng, Metok, S. Tibet, 2016-IV–23-V-1, Lu Ji leg. [AMC]; 2♂♂, Tongbiguan (1,000 m), Yingjiang, Yunnan, 2017-III-26; Wei-Zong Yang leg. [SJH]; 1♂, Fugong, N.W. Yunnan, 2006-VIII-13, Prasobsuk Sukkit leg. [AMC].
LAOS: 1♂, Phou Phan, Sam Neua, Houaphanh Province, 2005-III-7, Khamboun Sengheuangsomphou leg. [AMC].
VIETNAM: 1♂, Sapa, Lao Cai Province, 2007-V, local catcher leg. [AMC]; 2♂♂, Ngoc Linh (2,400 m), Kon Tum Province, 2021-IV, local catcher leg. [KS].
description: Published as part of Cotton, Adam M., Doleck, Tenzing, Zhang, Xin, Inayoshi, Yutaka, Lohman, David J. & Hu, Shao-Ji, 2022, Graphium septentrionicolus Page & Treadaway, 2013 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) is a distinct species, pp. 211-224 in Zootaxa 5154 (2) on page 223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/6641416
Association between exposure to combat-related stress and psychological health in aging men: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Creators: name: Johnson, Anna M.
name: Heiss, Gerardo
name: Williams, Janice E.
name: Rose, Kathryn M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Exposure to military combat has been associated with myriad adverse health effects. The mechanisms linking these two events are not well understood but may include negative emotional states, such as anger and vital exhaustion. We investigated the relationship between combat status and psychological functioning (trait anger and vital exhaustion) among middle-aged men (N=5,347) who participated in the Life Course Socioeconomic Status, Social Context and Cardiovascular Disease Study, an ancillary study to the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Combat status was significantly associated with trait anger, although results were limited to men (combat veterans compared to non-combat veterans and combat and non-combat veterans compared to non-veterans) of the Korean and Vietnam War eras. Non-combat veterans from the World War II and Vietnam War eras reported lower vital exhaustion compared to non-veterans. Combat status is significantly associated with trait anger among men of the Korean and Vietnam War eras. Anger proneness may be a mechanism through which combat stress is associated with adverse health outcomes.
Genetic optimization of attosecond pulse generation in light-field synthesizers
Creators: name: Balogh, E.
name: Bódi, B.
name: Tosa, V.
name: Goulielmakis, E.
name: Varjú, K.
name: Dombi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate control over attosecond pulse generation and shaping by numerically optimizing the synthesis of few-cycle to sub-cycle driver waveforms. The optical waveform synthesis takes place in an ultrabroad spectral band covering the ultraviolet-infrared domain. These optimized driver waves are used for ultrashort single and double attosecond pulse production (with tunable separation) revealing the potentials of the light wave synthesizer device demonstrated by Wirth et al. [Science 334, 195 (2011)]. The results are also analyzed with respect to attosecond pulse propagation phenomena.
Eating and Nutrition Habits in Young Competitive Athletes: A Comparison between Soccer Players and Cyclists
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2015
Subjects: Nutrition
Young athletes
Eating habits
Soccer players
Cyclists

description: The study evaluated the dietary habits in two groups of young athletes, practicing two different sports: soccer players and cycling. The dietary habits of 47 athletes were investigated by questionnaire. Body Mass Index, Fat Mass, Free Fat Mass, Total Body, Intracellular, Extracellular Water and Phase Angle were measured by bioimpedance. The t-Student test for unpaired data was used. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Body Mass Index was similar between the groups, while total body water and extracellular water were significantly higher in the soccer player group (soccer players: 63.8±1.96%; cyclists : 59.8 ± 8.7%; and soccer players 43.9±3.1%, cyclists 43.8 ±2.1%, respectively). Fatty mass of the soccer player group (14.5±2.9%) was significantly lower than that of the cyclist group (19.5±3.6%). Daily food intake was similar between the two groups (2844 kCal/die for soccer players /2630 kcal/die for cyclists ), and lower than recommended. There was a low intake of Calcium (soccer players 1120±128.9 mg/die, cyclists 718±309 mg/die) for both groups, and a low intake of Potassium for soccer player (2576 mg/die ± 52.4) The caloric intake of adolescent athletes is lower than recommended. Body composition is significantly different between soccer players and cyclists.
Genetic analysis of Vietnamese patients with early-onset Alzheimer's disease
Creators: name: Tong, Trang Mai
name: Dao, Thuy Thi Hong
name: Doan, Loc Phuoc
name: Nguyen, Dat Thanh
name: Nguyen, Quynh-Tho Thi
name: Thi, Thanh-Thuy
name: Truong, Kiet Dinh
name: Phan, Minh-Duy
name: Nguyen, Hoai-Nghia
name: Tran, Thang Cong
name: Giang, Hoa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Purpose of the study: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and its prevalence is rapidly increasing worldwide. Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) constitutes of patients with age of onset earlier than 65 year-old and is known to be associated with genetic mutations. In this study, we reported the first genetic analysis of Vietnamese patients with EOAD. Materials and methods: We analyzed targeted sequencing data obtained from a cohort of 51 Vietnamese EOAD patients to identify pathogenic variants in twenty nine well-characterized neurodengerative genes. Results: We identified four missense mutations in APP/PSEN1 genes from six individuals, which accounts for 11.8% of all tested cases. Three of these mutations were previously reported as pathogenic and one mutation in the APP gene was newly identified and might be specific for Vietnamese patients. Our study also found eight individuals carrying homozygous APOE ε4 allele, the main risk factor gene for late-onset AD. Conclusions: Our findings showed that mutation rate in APP/PSEN genes in Vietnamese EOAD patients is consistent with that in other ethnic groups. Although further functional studies are required to validate the pathogenesis of the new mutations, our study demonstrated the necessity of genetic screening for EOAD patients as well as additional genetic data collection in Vietnamese population.
Spin-up/spin-down of neutron star in Be-X-ray binary system GX 304-1
Creators: name: Postnov, K. A.
name: Mironov, A. I.
name: Lutovinov, A. A.
name: Shakura, N. I.
name: Kochetkova, A. Yu.
name: Tsygankov, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze spin-up/spin-down of the neutron star in Be X-ray binary system GX\,304-1 observed by \textit{Swift}/XRT and \textit{Fermi}/GBM instruments in the period of the source activity from April 2010 to January 2013 and discuss possible mechanisms of angular momentum transfer to/from the neutron star. We argue that the neutron star spin-down at quiescent states of the source with an X-ray luminosity of $L_x\sim 10^{34}$~erg s$^{-1}$ between a series of Type I outbursts and spin-up during the outbursts can be explained by quasi-spherical settling accretion onto the neutron star. The outbursts occur near the neutron star periastron passages where the density is enhanced due to the presence of an equatorial Be-disc tilted to the orbital plane. We also propose an explanation to the counterintuitive smaller spin-up rate observed at higher luminosity in a double-peak Type I outburst due to lower value of the specific angular momentum of matter captured from the quasi-spherical wind from the Be-star by the neutron star moving in an elliptical orbit with eccentricity $e\gtrsim 0.5$.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Integer sequence discovery from small graphs
Creators: name: Hoppe, Travis
name: Petrone, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A15

description: We have exhaustively enumerated all simple, connected graphs of a finite order and have computed a selection of invariants over this set. Integer sequences were constructed from these invariants and checked against the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS). 141 new sequences were added and 6 sequences were appended or corrected. From the graph database, we were able to programmatically suggest relationships among the invariants. It will be shown that we can readily visualize any sequence of graphs with a given criteria. The code has been released as an open-source framework for further analysis and the database was constructed to be extensible to invariants not considered in this work.
description: Supplemented by two electronic repositories: https://github.com/thoppe/Encyclopedia-of-Finite-Graphs (DOI 10.5281/zenodo.11304) and https://github.com/thoppe/Simple-connected-graph-invariant-database (DOI 10.5281/zenodo.11280)
Evidence of high-temperature exciton condensation in a two-dimensional semimetal
Creators: name: Gao, Qiang
name: Chan, Yang-hao
name: Wang, Yuzhe
name: Zhang, Haotian
name: Pu, Jinxu
name: Cui, Shengtao
name: Yang, Yichen
name: Liu, Zhengtai
name: Shen, Dawei
name: Sun, Zhe
name: Jiang, Juan
name: Chiang, Tai C.
name: Chen, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrons and holes can spontaneously form excitons and condense in a semimetal or semiconductor, as predicted decades ago. This type of Bose condensation can happen at much higher temperatures in comparison with dilute atomic gases. Two-dimensional (2D) materials with reduced Coulomb screening around the Fermi level are promising for realizing such a system. Here we report a change in the band structure accompanied by a phase transition at about 180 K in single-layer ZrTe2 based on angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements. Below the transition temperature, gap opening and development of an ultra-flat band top around the zone center are observed. This gap and the phase transition are rapidly suppressed with extra carrier densities introduced by adding more layers or dopants on the surface. The results suggest the formation of an excitonic insulating ground state in single-layer ZrTe2, and the findings are rationalized by first principles calculations and a self-consistent mean-field theory. Our study provides evidence for exciton condensation in a 2D semimetal and demonstrates strong dimensionality effects on the formation of intrinsic bound electron-hole pairs in solids.
Black-hole mergers in disklike environments could explain the observed $q$-$χ_\mathrm{eff}$ correlation
Creators: name: Santini, Alessandro
name: Gerosa, Davide
name: Cotesta, Roberto
name: Berti, Emanuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current gravitational-wave data from stellar-mass black-hole binary mergers suggest a correlation between the binary mass ratio $q$ and the effective spin $χ_\mathrm{eff}$: more unequal-mass binaries consistently show larger and positive values of the effective spin. Multiple generations of black-hole mergers in dense astrophysical environments may provide a way to form unequal-mass systems, but they cannot explain the observed correlation on their own. We show that the symmetry of the astrophysical environment is a crucial feature to shed light on this otherwise puzzling piece of observational evidence. We present a toy model that reproduces, at least qualitatively, the observed correlation. The model relies on axisymmetric, disk-like environments where binaries participating in hierarchical mergers share a preferential direction. Migration traps in AGN disks are a prime candidate for this setup, hinting at the exciting possibility of constraining their occurrence with gravitational-wave data.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures. Published in PRD
Neural substrates for processing task-irrelevant emotional distracters in maltreated adolescents with depressive disorders: A pilot study
Creators: name: De Bellis, Michael D.
name: Hooper, Stephen R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: In this pilot study, neural systems related to cognitive and emotional processing were examined using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging in five maltreated youth with depressive disorders and eleven non-maltreated healthy participants. Subjects underwent an emotional oddball task, where they detected infrequent ovals (targets) within a continual stream of phase-scrambled images (standards). Sad and neutral images were intermittently presented as task-irrelevant distracters. The maltreated youth revealed significantly decreased activation in the left middle frontal gyrus and right precentral gyrus to target stimuli and significantly increased activation to sad stimuli in bilateral amygdala, left subgenual cingulate, left inferior frontal gyrus, and right middle temporal cortex compared to non-maltreated participants. Additionally, the maltreated youth showed significantly decreased activation to both attentional targets and sad distracters in the left posterior middle frontal gyrus compared to non-maltreated participants. In this exploratory study of dorsal control and ventral emotional circuits, we found that maltreated youth with distress disorders demonstrated dysfunction of neural systems related to cognitive control and emotional processing.
Application of SIRS Criteria to a Paediatric Surgical Population in Malawi
Creators: name: Cairns, B. A.
name: Varela, C.
name: Samuel, J. C.
name: Charles, A. G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Introduction: Little is known regarding systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria and mortality in developing countries. We evaluated the utility of the SIRS criteria to predict death among a paediatric surgical population in Lilongwe, Malawi.
Pediatric Surgical Care in Lilongwe, Malawi: Outcomes and Opportunities for Improvement
Creators: name: Samuel, J. C.
name: McLean, S. E.
name: Kiser, M. M.
name: Varela, C.
name: Cairns, B. A.
name: Msiska, N.
name: Kendig, C. E.
name: Charles, A. G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Background: One of the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals is to improve child health. We describe the burden of pediatric surgical disease at a tertiary hospital in Malawi.
Lay-screeners and Use of WHO Growth Standards Increase Case Finding of Hospitalized Malawian Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition
Creators: name: McCrary, L. M.
name: Hosseinipour, M. C.
name: Preidis, G.
name: McCollum, E. D.
name: Chester, F. M.
name: LaCourse, S. M.
name: Maliwichi, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Objectives: Strategies to effectively identify and refer children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) to Nutritional Rehabilitation units (NRU) can reduce morbidity and mortality.
Pediatric HIV–HBV Coinfection in Lusaka, Zambia: Prevalence and Short-Term Treatment Outcomes: Table 1.
Creators: name: Nchimba, Lweendo
name: Peebles, Kathryn
name: Vinikoor, Michael J.
name: Mubiana-Mbewe, Mwangelwa
name: Bolton Moore, Carolyn
name: Chilengi, Roma
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is endemic in Africa, where it may occur as an HIV coinfection. Data remain limited on HIV–HBV epidemiology in Africa, particularly in children. Using programmatic data from pediatric HIV clinics in Lusaka, Zambia during 2011–2014, we analyzed the prevalence of chronic HBV coinfection (defined as a single positive hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] test) and its impact on immune recovery and liver enzyme elevation (LEE) during the first year of antiretroviral therapy. Among 411 children and adolescents, 10.4% (95% confidence interval, 7.6–14.1) had HIV–HBV. Coinfected patients were more likely to have World Health Organization stage 3/4, LEE and CD4 <14% at care entry (all p < 0.05). During treatment, CD4 increases and LEE incidence were similar by HBsAg status. HBsAg positivity decreased (11.8% vs. 6.6%; p = 0.24) following HBV vaccine introduction. These findings support screening pediatric HIV patients in Africa for HBV coinfection. Dedicated cohorts are needed to assess long-term outcomes of coinfection.
Classification of third-order symmetric Lorentzian manifolds
Creators: name: Galaev, Anton S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Third-order symmetric Lorentzian manifolds, i.e. Lorentzian manifold with zero third derivative of the curvature tensor, are classified. These manifolds are exhausted by a special type of pp-waves, they generalize Cahen-Wallach spaces and second-order symmetric Lorentzian spaces.
description: 11 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1011.3439
Integration of differential equations by $\mathcal{C}^{\infty}$-structures
Creators: name: Pan-Collantes, A. J.
name: Muriel, C.
name: Ruiz, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Several integrability problems of differential equations are addressed by using the concept of $\mathcal{C}^{\infty}$-structure, a recent generalization of the notion of solvable structure. Specifically, the integration procedure associated with $\mathcal{C}^{\infty}$-structures is used to integrate to a Lotka-Volterra model and several differential equations that lack sufficient Lie point symmetries and cannot be solved using conventional methods.
STGIN: Spatial-Temporal Graph Interaction Network for Large-scale POI Recommendation
Creators: name: Liu, Shaohua
name: Qi, Yu
name: Li, Gen
name: Chen, Mingjian
name: Zhang, Teng
name: Cheng, Jia
name: Lei, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In Location-Based Services, Point-Of-Interest(POI) recommendation plays a crucial role in both user experience and business opportunities. Graph neural networks have been proven effective in providing personalized POI recommendation services. However, there are still two critical challenges. First, existing graph models attempt to capture users' diversified interests through a unified graph, which limits their ability to express interests in various spatial-temporal contexts. Second, the efficiency limitations of graph construction and graph sampling in large-scale systems make it difficult to adapt quickly to new real-time interests. To tackle the above challenges, we propose a novel Spatial-Temporal Graph Interaction Network. Specifically, we construct subgraphs of spatial, temporal, spatial-temporal, and global views respectively to precisely characterize the user's interests in various contexts. In addition, we design an industry-friendly framework to track the user's latest interests. Extensive experiments on the real-world dataset show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art models. This work has been successfully deployed in a large e-commerce platform, delivering a 1.1% CTR and 6.3% RPM improvement.
description: accepted by CIKM 2023
Accuracy of Sonographic Chorionicity Classification in Twin Gestations
Creators: name: Sciscione, Anthony
name: Varner, Michael W.
name: Harper, Margaret
name: Lo, Julie
name: Sorokin, Yoram
name: Iams, Jay D.
name: Ramin, Susan M.
name: Blumenfeld, Yair J.
name: Reddy, Uma M.
name: Momirova, Valerija
name: Malone, Fergal D.
name: Thorp, John M.
name: Carpenter, Marshall W.
name: Mercer, Brian M.
name: Caritis, Steve N.
name: Peaceman, Alan M.
name: Rouse, Dwight J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: To evaluate the accuracy of sonographic classification of chorionicity in a large cohort of twins and investigate which factors may be associated with sonographic accuracy.
Understanding peculiarities in the optoelectronic characteristics of light emitting diodes based on (In,Ga)N/GaN nanowires
Creators: name: Musolino, Mattia
name: Tahraoui, Abbes
name: Limbach, Friederich
name: Lähnemann, Jonas
name: Jahn, Uwe
name: Brandt, Oliver
name: Geelhaar, Lutz
name: Riechert, Henning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of the p-type top contact on the optoelectronic characteristics of light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on (In,Ga)N/GaN nanowire (NW) ensembles grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si substrates. We compare devices fabricated with either Ni/Au or indium tin oxide (ITO) top contact. The NW-LEDs with ITO exhibit a number density of NWs emitting electroluminescence about ten times higher, significantly lower turn-on voltage and series resistance, and a relative external quantum efficiency more than one order of magnitude higher than the sample with Ni/Au. These results show that limitations in the performance of such devices reported so far can be overcome by improving the p-type top-contact.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
A severe challenge to the MOND phenomenology in our Galaxy
Creators: name: Chan, Man Ho
name: Law, Ka Chung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) is one of the most popular alternative theories of dark matter to explain the missing mass problem in galaxies. Although it remains controversial regarding MOND as a fundamental theory, MOND phenomenology has been shown to widely apply in different galaxies, which gives challenges to the standard $Λ$ cold dark matter model. In this article, we derive analytically the galactic rotation curve gradient in the MOND framework and present a rigorous analysis to examine the MOND phenomenology in our Galaxy. By assuming a benchmark baryonic disk density profile and two popular families of MOND interpolating functions, we show for the first time that the recent discovery of the declining Galactic rotation curve in the outer region ($R \approx 17-23$ kpc) can almost rule out the MOND phenomenology at more than $5σ$. This strongly supports some of the previous studies claiming that MOND is neither a fundamental theory nor a universal description of galactic properties.
description: Accepted in ApJ
Motivation literally. Construction and expression of educational aspirations on Parcoursup
Creators: name: Couto, Marie-Paule
name: Valarcher, Marion
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper analyses the framing and expression of French high school students' aspirations. It sheds new light on the inequalities in tracking between academic versus technological and vocational track. Through the analysis of a national survey and a corpus of cover letters written by applicants for a sociology degree, it shows that, due to the lack of means, teachers mainly have two types of guidance support strategies.Teachers use to target and concentrate their supporting on ``good students'' in vocational tracks, while, in academic tracks, they delegate some steps of the tracking procedures to families. These different strategies have effects on the way high school students internalise school prescriptions and restitute them in cover letters. Through the close support they benefit from teachers, ``good students'' in vocational tracks strongly internalise the instructions and their place in the school hierarchy. In academic tracks, students' expression of the aspirations is much more dependent of their familial capital.
description: in French language
The Development of a Standardized Neighborhood Deprivation Index
Creators: name: Elo, Irma
name: Kaufman, Jay S.
name: O’Campo, Patricia
name: Burke, Jessica G.
name: Messer, Lynne C.
name: Laraia, Barbara A.
name: Eyster, Janet
name: Holzman, Claudia
name: Culhane, Jennifer
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Census data are widely used for assessing neighborhood socioeconomic context. Research using census data has been inconsistent in variable choice and usually limited to single geographic areas. This paper seeks to a) outline a process for developing a neighborhood deprivation index using principal components analysis and b) demonstrate an example of its utility for identifying contextual variables that are associated with perinatal health outcomes across diverse geographic areas. Year 2000 U.S. Census and vital records birth data (1998-2001) were merged at the census tract level for 19 cities (located in three states) and five suburban counties (located in three states), which were used to create eight study areas within four states. Census variables representing five socio-demographic domains previously associated with health outcomes, including income/poverty, education, employment, housing, and occupation, were empirically summarized using principal components analysis. The resulting first principal component, hereafter referred to as neighborhood deprivation, accounted for 51 to 73% of the total variability across eight study areas. Component loadings were consistent both within and across study areas (0.2-0.4), suggesting that each variable contributes approximately equally to "deprivation" across diverse geographies. The deprivation index was associated with the unadjusted prevalence of preterm birth and low birth weight for white non-Hispanic and to a lesser extent for black non-Hispanic women across the eight sites. The high correlations between census variables, the inherent multidimensionality of constructs like neighborhood deprivation, and the observed associations with birth outcomes suggest the utility of using a deprivation, index for research into neighborhood effects on adverse birth outcomes.
Locating Community Smells in Software Development Processes Using Higher-Order Network Centralities
Creators: name: Gote, Christoph
name: Perri, Vincenzo
name: Zingg, Christian
name: Casiraghi, Giona
name: Arzig, Carsten
name: von Gernler, Alexander
name: Schweitzer, Frank
name: Scholtes, Ingo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Community smells are negative patterns in software development teams' interactions that impede their ability to successfully create software. Examples are team members working in isolation, lack of communication and collaboration across departments or sub-teams, or areas of the codebase where only a few team members can work on. Current approaches aim to detect community smells by analysing static network representations of software teams' interaction structures. In doing so, they are insufficient to locate community smells within development processes. Extending beyond the capabilities of traditional social network analysis, we show that higher-order network models provide a robust means of revealing such hidden patterns and complex relationships. To this end, we develop a set of centrality measures based on the MOGen higher-order network model and show their effectiveness in predicting influential nodes using five empirical datasets. We then employ these measures for a comprehensive analysis of a product team at the German IT security company genua GmbH, showcasing our method's success in identifying and locating community smells. Specifically, we uncover critical community smells in two areas of the team's development process. Semi-structured interviews with five team members validate our findings: while the team was aware of one community smell and employed measures to address it, it was not aware of the second. This highlights the potential of our approach as a robust tool for identifying and addressing community smells in software development teams. More generally, our work contributes to the social network analysis field with a powerful set of higher-order network centralities that effectively capture community dynamics and indirect relationships.
description: 48 pages, 19 figures, 4 tables; accepted at Social Network Analysis and Mining (SNAM)
Using Explainable AI to Cross-Validate Socio-economic Disparities Among Covid-19 Patient Mortality
Creators: name: Shi, Li
name: Rahman, Redoan
name: Melamed, Esther
name: Gwizdka, Jacek
name: Rousseau, Justin F.
name: Ding, Ying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper applies eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods to investigate the socioeconomic disparities in COVID patient mortality. An Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) prediction model is built based on a de-identified Austin area hospital dataset to predict the mortality of COVID-19 patients. We apply two XAI methods, Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and Locally Interpretable Model Agnostic Explanations (LIME), to compare the global and local interpretation of feature importance. This paper demonstrates the advantages of using XAI which shows the feature importance and decisive capability. Furthermore, we use the XAI methods to cross-validate their interpretations for individual patients. The XAI models reveal that Medicare financial class, older age, and gender have high impact on the mortality prediction. We find that LIME local interpretation does not show significant differences in feature importance comparing to SHAP, which suggests pattern confirmation. This paper demonstrates the importance of XAI methods in cross-validation of feature attributions.
description: AMIA 2023 Informatics Summit, March 13-16, Seattle, WA, USA. 10 pages
Neighborhood Factors Associated with Physical Activity and Adequacy of Weight Gain During Pregnancy
Creators: name: Kaufman, Jay S.
name: Laraia, Barbara
name: Messer, Lynne
name: Evenson, Kelly
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Healthy diet, physical activity, smoking, and adequate weight gain are all associated with maternal health and fetal growth during pregnancy. Neighborhood characteristics have been associated with poor maternal and child health outcomes, yet conceptualization of potential mechanisms are still needed. Unique information captured by neighborhood inventories, mostly conducted in northern US and Canadian urban areas, has been shown to reveal important aspects of the community environment that are not captured by the demographic quantities in census data. This study used data from the Pregnancy, Nutrition, and Infection (PIN) prospective cohort study to estimate the influences of individual-level and neighborhood-level characteristics on health behaviors and adequacy of weight gain during pregnancy. Women who participated in the PIN study and who resided in Raleigh, North Carolina and its surrounding suburbs were included (n=703). Results from a neighborhood data collection inventory identified three social constructs, physical incivilities, territoriality, and social spaces, which were hypothesized to influence maternal health behaviors. The physical incivility scale was associated with decreased odds (adjusted OR=0.74, 95%CI=0.57, 0.98) in participating in vigorous leisure activity before pregnancy after controlling for several individual confounders, and a crude association for decreased odds of excessive weight gain (OR=0.79, 95%CI=0.64, 0.98). The social spaces scale was associated with decreased odds for inadequate (adjusted OR=0.74, 95%CI=0.56, 0.98) and excessive (adjusted OR=0.69, 95%CI=0.54, 0.98) gestational weight gain. The social spaces scale was also associated with decreased odds of living greater than 3 miles from a supermarket (adjusted OR=0.03, 95%CI=0.00, 0.27). Territoriality was not associated with any pregnancy-related health behavior. None of the neighborhood constructs were associated with smoking or diet quality. Physical incivilities and social spaces neighborhood characteristics may be important to measure to improve our understanding of the potential mechanisms through which neighborhood environments influence health.
Is Sprawl Associated with a Widening Urban–Suburban Mortality Gap?
Creators: name: Song, Yan
name: Fan, Yingling
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: This paper examines whether sprawl, featured by low development density, segregated land uses, lack of significant centers, and poor street connectivity, contributes to a widening mortality gap between urban and suburban residents. We employ two mortality datasets, including a national cross-sectional dataset examining the impact of metropolitan-level sprawl on urban–suburban mortality gaps and a longitudinal dataset from Portland examining changes in urban–suburban mortality gaps over time. The national and Portland studies provide the only evidence to date that (1) across metropolitan areas, the size of urban–suburban mortality gaps varies by the extent of sprawl: in sprawling metropolitan areas, urban residents have significant excess mortality risks than suburban residents, while in compact metropolitan areas, urbanicity-related excess mortality becomes insignificant; (2) the Portland metropolitan area not only experienced net decreases in mortality rates but also a narrowing urban–suburban mortality gap since its adoption of smart growth regime in the past decade; and (3) the existence of excess mortality among urban residents in US sprawling metropolitan areas, as well as the net mortality decreases and narrowing urban–suburban mortality gap in the Portland metropolitan area, is not attributable to sociodemographic variations. These findings suggest that health threats imposed by sprawl affect urban residents disproportionately compared to suburban residents and that efforts curbing sprawl may mitigate urban–suburban health disparities.