cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
New insights on hadron acceleration at supernova remnant shocks
Creators: name: Caprioli, Damiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We outline the main features of nuclei acceleration at supernova remnant forward shocks, stressing the crucial role played by self-amplified magnetic fields in determining the energy spectrum observed in this class of sources. In particular, we show how the standard predictions of the non-linear theory of diffusive shock acceleration has to be completed with an additional ingredient, which we propose to be the enhanced velocity of the magnetic irregularities particles scatter against, to reconcile the theory of efficient particle acceleration with recent observations of gamma-ray bright supernova remnants.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures. To apper in "Cosmic-ray induced phenomenology in star-forming environments: Proceedings of the 2nd Session of the Sant Cugat Forum of Astrophysics" (April 16-19, 2012), Olaf Reimer and Diego F. Torres (eds.)
Hierarchy of topological order from finite-depth unitaries, measurement and feedforward
Creators: name: Tantivasadakarn, Nathanan
name: Vishwanath, Ashvin
name: Verresen, Ruben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long-range entanglement--the backbone of topologically ordered states--cannot be created in finite time using local unitary circuits, or equivalently, adiabatic state preparation. Recently it has come to light that single-site measurements provide a loophole, allowing for finite-time state preparation in certain cases. Here we show how this observation imposes a complexity hierarchy on long-range entangled states based on the minimal number of measurement layers required to create the state, which we call "shots". First, similar to Abelian stabilizer states, we construct single-shot protocols for creating any non-Abelian quantum double of a group with nilpotency class two (such as $D_4$ or $Q_8$). We show that after the measurement, the wavefunction always collapses into the desired non-Abelian topological order, conditional on recording the measurement outcome. Moreover, the clean quantum double ground state can be deterministically prepared via feedforward--gates which depend on the measurement outcomes. Second, we provide the first constructive proof that a finite number of shots can implement the Kramers-Wannier duality transformation (i.e., the gauging map) for any solvable symmetry group. As a special case, this gives an explicit protocol to prepare twisted quantum double for all solvable groups. Third, we argue that certain topological orders, such as non-solvable quantum doubles or Fibonacci anyons, define non-trivial phases of matter under the equivalence class of finite-depth unitaries and measurement, which cannot be prepared by any finite number of shots. Moreover, we explore the consequences of allowing gates to have exponentially small tails, which enables, for example, the preparation of any Abelian anyon theory, including chiral ones. This hierarchy paints a new picture of the landscape of long-range entangled states, with practical implications for quantum simulators.
description: 17+10 pages. 2+2 figures. Published version
Infrared thermotransmittance-based temperature field measurements in semitransparent media
Creators: name: Bourges, Coline
name: Chevalier, Stephane
name: Maire, Jeremie
name: Sommier, Alain
name: Pradere, Christophe
name: Dilhaire, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Temperature field contactless measurements in or at the surfaces of semitransparent media are a scientific challenge, as classical thermography techniques based on proper material emission cannot be used. In this work, an alternative method using infrared thermotransmittance for contactless imaging temperatures is proposed. To overcome the weakness of the measured signal, a lock-in acquisition chain is developed, and an imaging demodulation technique is used to retrieve the phase and amplitude of the thermotransmitted signal. These measurements, combined with an analytical model, enable the estimation of the thermal diffusivity and conductivity of an infrared semitransparent insulator (wafer of borofloat 33 glass) as well as the monochromatic thermotransmittance coefficient at 3.3 um. The obtained temperature fields are in good agreement with the model, and a detection limit of $\pm 2^{\circ}$ C is estimated with this method. The results of this work open new opportunities in the development of advanced thermal metrology for semitransparent media.
description: This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Rev Sci Instrum 94, 034905 (2023) and may be found at (https://pubs.aip.org/aip/rsi/article-abstract/94/3/034905/2881965/Infrared-thermotransmittance-based-temperature)
Spectrally tunable ultrashort monochromatized extreme ultraviolet pulses at 100 kHz
Creators: name: Csizmadia, Tamás
name: Filus, Zoltán
name: Grósz, Tímea
name: Ye, Peng
name: Oldal, Lénárd Gulyás
name: De Marco, Massimo
name: Jójárt, Péter
name: Seres, Imre
name: Bengery, Zsolt
name: Gilicze, Barnabás
name: Lucchini, Matteo
name: Nisoli, Mauro
name: Frassetto, Fabio
name: Samparisi, Fabio
name: Poletto, Luca
name: Varjú, Katalin
name: Kahaly, Subhendu
name: Major, Balázs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the experimental realization of spectrally tunable, ultrashort, quasi-monochromatic extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses generated at 100 kHz repetition rate in a user-oriented gas high harmonic generation (GHHG) beamline of the Extreme Light Infrastructure - Attosecond Light Pulse Source (ELI ALPS) facility. Versatile spectral and temporal shaping of the XUV pulses are accomplished with a double-grating, time-delay compensated monochromator accommodating the two composing stages in a novel, asymmetrical geometry. This configuration supports the achievement of high monochromatic XUV flux (2.8+/-0.9*1e10 photons/s at 39.7 eV selected with 700 meV FWHM bandwidth) combined with ultrashort pulse duration (4.0+/-0.2 fs using 12.1+/-0.6 fs driving pulses) and small spot size (sub-100 um). Focusability, spectral bandwidth, and overall photon flux of the produced radiation were investigated covering a wide range of instrumental configurations. Moreover, complete temporal (intensity and phase) characterization of the few-femtosecond monochromatic XUV pulses - a goal that is difficult to achieve by conventional reconstruction techniques - has been realized using ptychographic algorithm on experimentally recorded XUV-IR pump-probe traces. The presented results contribute to in-situ, time-resolved experiments accessing direct information on the electronic structure dynamics of novel target materials.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures
Approximate Controllability of Fractional Nonlocal Delay Semilinear Systems in Hilbert Spaces
Creators: name: Debbouche, Amar
name: Torres, Delfim F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34K30, 34K35, 26A33, 93B05

description: We study the existence and approximate controllability of a class of fractional nonlocal delay semilinear differential systems in a Hilbert space. The results are obtained by using semigroup theory, fractional calculus, and Schauder's fixed point theorem. Multi-delay controls and a fractional nonlocal condition are introduced. Furthermore, we present an appropriate set of sufficient conditions for the considered fractional nonlocal multi-delay control system to be approximately controllable. An example to illustrate the abstract results is given.
description: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definitive form will appear in the International Journal of Control. Paper submitted 24-Sep-2012; revised 28-Feb-2013; accepted for publication 29-Mar-2013
Simulating Quantum Magnetism with Correlated Non-Neutral Ion Plasmas
Creators: name: Bollinger, John J.
name: Britton, Joseph W.
name: Sawyer, Brian C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By employing forces that depend on the internal electronic state (or spin) of an atomic ion, the Coulomb potential energy of a strongly coupled array of ions can be modified in a spin-dependent way to mimic effective quantum spin Hamiltonians. Both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions can be implemented. We use simple models to explain how the effective spin interactions are engineered with trapped-ion crystals. We summarize the type of effective spin interactions that can be readily generated, and discuss an experimental implementation using single-plane ion crystals in a Penning trap.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, to be published in the Proceedings of 10th International Workshop on Non-Neutral Plasmas
title: A scenario-based hazardous material network design problem with emergency response and toll policy
Creators: name: Shakeri Nezhad, Saeed
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2023

description:
Home>A scenario-based hazardous material network design problem with emergency response and toll policy
A scenario-based hazardous material network design problem with emergency response and toll policy
Shakeri Nezhad, Saeed (2022) A scenario-based hazardous material network design problem with emergency response and toll policy. Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.

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Abstract
In the process of shipping hazmats on a road network from origins to destinations, two stakeholders are involved: The authorities who are concerned about the risk of incidents, and the carriers who are concerned about shipping costs. We propose a bilevel model in order to account for the conflicting interests of the two parties. The upper-level (authorities) use different policies: Proactive policies including roadclosure, road-construction and toll policies, and Reactive policies including locating hazmat response teams. Furthermore, scenario-based uncertainty is considered to reflect the variations in demand and shipments. Due to the complexity of the bilevel model, we develop two methods to solve the problem. First, using dual variables and constraints, we reformulate our bilevel model into a single-level model. This method gives us exact optimal solutions. Second, a two-stage heuristic algorithm gives us solutions which are close to the optimal solutions. Then, based on a transportation network in China, experimental results and several sensitivity analyses are presented.
Deciphering the global organization of clustering in real complex networks
Creators: name: Colomer-de-Simon, Pol
name: Serrano, M. Angeles
name: Beiro, Mariano G.
name: Alvarez-Hamelin, J. Ignacio
name: Boguna, Marian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We uncover the global organization of clustering in real complex networks. As it happens with other fundamental properties of networks such as the degree distribution, we find that real networks are neither completely random nor ordered with respect to clustering, although they tend to be closer to maximally random architectures. We reach this conclusion by comparing the global structure of clustering in real networks with that in maximally random and in maximally ordered clustered graphs. The former are produced with an exponential random graph model that maintains correlations among adjacent edges at the minimum needed to conform with the expected clustering spectrum; the later with a random model that arranges triangles in cliques inducing highly ordered structures. To compare the global organization of clustering in real and model networks, we compute $m$-core landscapes, where the $m$-core is defined, akin to the $k$-core, as the maximal subgraph with edges participating at least in $m$ triangles. This property defines a set of nested subgraphs that, contrarily to $k$-cores, is able to distinguish between hierarchical and modular architectures. To visualize the $m$-core decomposition we developed the LaNet-vi 3.0 tool.
A Precision Relation between $Γ(K\toμ^+μ^-)(t)$ and ${\cal B}(K_L\toμ^+μ^-)/{\cal B}(K_L\toγγ)$
Creators: name: Dery, Avital
name: Ghosh, Mitrajyoti
name: Grossman, Yuval
name: Kitahara, Teppei
name: Schacht, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find that the phase appearing in the unitarity relation between $\mathcal{B}(K_L\rightarrow μ^+μ^-)$ and $\mathcal{B}(K_L\rightarrow γγ)$ is equal to the phase shift in the interference term of the time-dependent $K\rightarrow μ^+μ^-$ decay. A probe of this relation at future kaon facilities constitutes a Standard Model test with a theory precision of about $2\%$. The phase has further importance for sensitivity studies regarding the measurement of the time-dependent $K\rightarrow μ^+μ^-$ decay rate to extract the CKM matrix element combination $\vert V_{ts} V_{td} \sin(β+β_s)\vert\approx A^2λ^5\barη$. We find a model-independent theoretically clean prediction, $\cos^2φ_0 = 0.96 \pm 0.03$. The quoted error is a combination of the theoretical and experimental errors, and both of them are expected to shrink in the future. Using input from the large-$N_C$ limit within chiral perturbation theory, we find a theory preference towards solutions with negative $\cosφ_0$, reducing a four-fold ambiguity in the angle $φ_0$ to a two-fold one.
Subrogation in Islamic and Conventional Financial Institutions: Library Research and VOSviewer Bibliometrics
Creators: name: Farida, Maimunatul
name: Andrini, Hildasea Laura
name: Budianto, Eka Wahyu Hestya
name: Dewi, Nindi Dwi Tetria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This research aims to map research topics surrounding Subrogation in Islamic and Conventional Financial Institutions using a qualitative approach, which is in the nature of a library research. The data collection technique is: first, open the Perish/Harzing software, then search for journals based on the title words category with the key word " Subrogation to Islamic and Conventional Financial Institutions " within the entire year period. Second, collect journal title data in Microsoft Excel, and identify duplicate journal titles. Third, download files in RIS (Research Information Systems) and PDF (Portable Document Format) format from all journals for which data has been collected. Fourth, enter the RIS data file into Mendeley software Desktop. Data analysis technique by mapping research topics around Subrogation in Islamic and Conventional Financial Institutions based on the journals that have been collected. The research results show that there are 13 mappings and 30 research topics using literature studies regarding Subrogation in Islamic and Conventional Financial Institutions. The implication and contribution of this research is the mapping of research topics surrounding subrogation in Islamic and Conventional Financial Institutions, both frequently and rarely researched by researchers, so that other researchers can find out the research gaps in this topic.
$*-$open sets and $*-$ continuity in topological spaces
Creators: name: Alijani, Aliakbar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54A10, 54C10

description: In this paper, we study some properties of $*-$open and $*-$closed subsets of a space. The collection of all $*-$open subsets of a space $X$ form a topology on $X$ which is denoted by $^{*}O(X)$. We investigate the relations between topological properties of $X$ with the topology $^{*}O(X)$ and $X$. Also, we introduce the concept of a $*-$continuous map.
Nonabelianization of Higgs bundles
Creators: name: Hitchin, Nigel
name: Schaposnik, Laura P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H60

description: The character varieties of representations of a surface group into the Lie groups SL(m,H), SO(2m,H) and Sp(m,m) have a holomorphic description in terms of the moduli space of Higgs bundles. We show that the fibres of the integrable system in these cases are not abelian varieties, but are instead moduli spaces of rank 2 bundles on a spectral curve, satisfying natural stability conditions.
Symmetries of Analytic Curves
Creators: name: Hanusch, Maximilian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58D19

description: Analytic curves are classified w.r.t. their symmetry under a regular and separately analytic Lie group action on an analytic manifold. We show that an analytic curve is either exponential or splits into countably many analytic immersive curves, each of them discretely generated by the symmetry group (i.e., each such curve naturally decomposes into countably many symmetry free subcurves that are mutually and uniquely related by the Lie group action). We additionally extend the classification result to the analytic 1-submanifold case. Specifically, we show that an analytic 1-submanifold is either free or (exponential, i.e.) analytically diffeomorphic (via the exponential map) to the unit circle or an interval. The corresponding decomposition results in the free case are outlined in this paper, but proven in a separate one.
description: 77 pages. Version as published in Differential Geometry and its Applications (up to additional presentational improvements)
Topical Issue in Solar Physics: Flux-rope Structure of Coronal Mass Ejections Preface
Creators: name: Gopalswamy, N.
name: Nieves-Chinchilla, T.
name: Hidalgo, M.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Riley, P.
name: Gesztelyi, L. van Driel-
name: Mandrini, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This Topical Issue of Solar Physics, devoted to the study of flux-rope structure in coronal mass ejections (CMEs), is based on two Coordinated Data Analysis Workshops (CDAWs) held in 2010 (20 - 23 September in Dan Diego, California, USA) and 2011 (September 5-9 in Alcala, Spain). The primary purpose of the CDAWs was to address the question: Do all CMEs have flux rope structure? There are 18 papers om this topical issue, including this preface.
description: 4 pages
Deep IMU Bias Inference for Robust Visual-Inertial Odometry with Factor Graphs
Creators: name: Buchanan, Russell
name: Agrawal, Varun
name: Camurri, Marco
name: Dellaert, Frank
name: Fallon, Maurice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Visual Inertial Odometry (VIO) is one of the most established state estimation methods for mobile platforms. However, when visual tracking fails, VIO algorithms quickly diverge due to rapid error accumulation during inertial data integration. This error is typically modeled as a combination of additive Gaussian noise and a slowly changing bias which evolves as a random walk. In this work, we propose to train a neural network to learn the true bias evolution. We implement and compare two common sequential deep learning architectures: LSTMs and Transformers. Our approach follows from recent learning-based inertial estimators, but, instead of learning a motion model, we target IMU bias explicitly, which allows us to generalize to locomotion patterns unseen in training. We show that our proposed method improves state estimation in visually challenging situations across a wide range of motions by quadrupedal robots, walking humans, and drones. Our experiments show an average 15% reduction in drift rate, with much larger reductions when there is total vision failure. Importantly, we also demonstrate that models trained with one locomotion pattern (human walking) can be applied to another (quadruped robot trotting) without retraining.
description: Accepted to Robotics and Automation Letters
Precise High-Cadence Time Series of Five Variable Young Stars in Auriga with MOST
Creators: name: Cody, Ann Marie
name: Tayar, Jamie
name: Hillenbrand, Lynne A.
name: Matthews, Jaymie M.
name: Kallinger, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To explore young star variability on a large range of timescales, we have used the MOST satellite to obtain 24 days of continuous, sub-minute cadence, high-precision optical photometry on a field of classical and weak-lined T Tauri stars (TTS) in the Taurus-Auriga star formation complex. Observations of AB Aurigae, SU Aurigae, V396 Aurigae, V397 Aurigae, and HD 31305 reveal brightness fluctuations at the 1-10% level on timescales of hours to weeks. We have further assessed the variability properties with Fourier, wavelet, and autocorrelation techniques, identifying one significant period per star. We present spot models in an attempt to fit the periodicities, but find that we cannot fully account for the observed variability. Rather, all stars exhibit a mixture of periodic and aperiodic behavior, with the latter dominating stochastically on timescales less than several days. After removal of the main periodicity, periodograms for each light curve display power law trends consistent with those seen for other young accreting stars. Several of our targets exhibited unusual variability patterns not anticipated by prior studies, and we propose that this behavior originates with the circumstellar disks. The MOST observations underscore the need for investigation of TTS light variations on a wide range of timescales in order to elucidate the physical processes responsible; we provide guidelines for future time series observations.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures; accepted to AJ
Brauer group of moduli of Higgs bundles and connections
Creators: name: Baraglia, David
name: Biswas, Indranil
name: Schaposnik, Laura P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F22, 14H60

description: Given a compact Riemann surface $X$ and a semisimple affine algebraic group $G$ defined over $\mathbb C$, there are moduli spaces of Higgs bundles and of connections associated to $(X,\, G)$. We compute the Brauer group of the smooth locus of these varieties.
Physics-separating artificial neural networks for predicting initial stages of Al sputtering and thin film deposition in Ar plasma discharges
Creators: name: Gergs, Tobias
name: Mussenbrock, Thomas
name: Trieschmann, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Simulations of Al thin film sputter depositions rely on accurate plasma and surface interaction models. Establishing the latter commonly requires a higher level of abstraction and means to dismiss the fundamental atomic fidelity. Previous works on sputtering processes addressed this issue by establishing machine learning surrogate models, which include a basic surface state (i.e., stoichiometry) as static input. In this work, an evolving surface state and defect structure are introduced to jointly describe sputtering and growth with physics-separating artificial neural networks. The data describing the plasma-surface interactions stem from hybrid reactive molecular dynamics/time-stamped force bias Monte Carlo simulations of Al neutrals and Ar$^+$ ions impinging onto Al(001) surfaces. It is demonstrated that the fundamental processes are comprehensively described by taking the surface state as well as defect structure into account. Hence, a machine learning plasma-surface interaction surrogate model is established that resolves the inherent kinetics with high physical fidelity. The resulting model is not restricted to input from modeling and simulation, but may similarly be applied to experimental input data.
Symplectic theory of completely integrable Hamiltonian systems
Creators: name: Pelayo, Álvaro
name: Ngoc, San Vũ
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper explains the recent developments on the symplectic theory of Hamiltonian completely integrable systems on symplectic 4-manifolds, compact or not. One fundamental ingredient of these developments has been the understanding of singular affine structures. These developments make use of results obtained by many authors in the second half of the twentieth century, notably Arnold, Duistermaat and Eliasson, of which we also give a concise survey. As a motivation, we present a collection of remarkable results proven in the early and mid 1980s in the theory of Hamiltonian Lie group actions by Atiyah, Guillemin-Sternberg and Delzant among others, and which inspired many people, including the authors, to work on more general Hamiltonian systems. The paper concludes discussing a spectral conjecture for quantum integrable systems.
description: 40 pages
Quantum-Hall physics and three dimensions
Creators: name: Gooth, Johannes
name: Galeski, Stanislaw
name: Meng, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of the quantum Hall effect (QHE) in 1980 marked a turning point in condensed matter physics: given appropriate experimental conditions, the Hall conductivity σ_xy of a two-dimensional (2D) electron system is exactly quantized. But what happens to the QHE in three dimensions (3D)? Experiments over the past 40 years showed that some of the remarkable physics of the QHE, in particular plateau-like Hall conductivities σ_xy accompanied by minima in the longitudinal resistivity \r{ho}_xx, can also be found in 3D materials. However, since typically \r{ho}_xx remains finite and a quantitative relation between σ_xy and the conductance quantum e^2/h could not be established, the role of quantum Hall physics in 3D remains unsettled. Following a recent series of exciting experiments, the QHE in 3D has now returned to the centre stage. Here, we summarize the leap in understanding of 3D matter in magnetic fields emerging from these experiments.
Cayley and Langlands type correspondences for orthogonal Higgs bundles
Creators: name: Baraglia, David
name: Schaposnik, Laura P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 14D20, 14D21, 53C07, 14H70, 14P25

description: Through Cayley and Langlands type correspondences, we give a geometric description of the moduli spaces of real orthogonal and symplectic Higgs bundles of any signature in the regular fibres of the Hitchin fibration. As applications of our methods, we complete the concrete abelianization of real slices corresponding to all quasi-split real forms, and describe how extra components emerge naturally from the spectral data point of view.
description: 34 pages, comments welcomed!
A low cost scheme for high precision dual-wavelength laser metrology
Creators: name: Kok, Yitping
name: Ireland, Michael J.
name: Robertson, J. Gordon
name: Tuthill, Peter G.
name: Warrington, Benjamin A.
name: Tango, William J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel method capable of delivering relative optical path length metrology with nanometer precision is demonstrated. Unlike conventional dual-wavelength metrology which employs heterodyne detection, the method developed in this work utilizes direct detection of interference fringes of two He-Ne lasers as well as a less precise stepper motor open-loop position control system to perform its measurement. Although the method may be applicable to a variety of circumstances, the specific application where this metrology is essential is in an astrometric optical long baseline stellar interferometer dedicated to precise measurement of stellar positions. In our example application of this metrology to a narrow-angle astrometric interferometer, measurement of nanometer precision could be achieved without frequency-stabilized lasers although the use of such lasers would extend the range of optical path length the metrology can accurately measure. Implementation of the method requires very little additional optics or electronics, thus minimizing cost and effort of implementation. Furthermore, the optical path traversed by the metrology lasers is identical with that of the starlight or science beams, even down to using the same photodetectors, thereby minimizing the non-common-path between metrology and science channels.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Applied Optics
Threes Company
Creators: name: Wieder, Benjamin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Enabled by recent advances in symmetry and electronic structure, researchers have observed signatures of unconventional threefold degeneracies in tungsten carbide, challenging a longstanding paradigm in nodal semimetals.
description: News and Views for Nature Physics
All-set-homogeneous spaces
Creators: name: Lebedeva, Nina
name: Petrunin, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 51F10 51F20 22F30

description: A metric space is said to be all-set-homogeneous if any of its partial isometries can be extended to a genuine isometry. We give a classification of a certain subclass of all-set-homogeneous length spaces.
description: English+Russian, 4+4 pages, 1+1 figure
Harmonic oscillators in a Snyder geometry
Creators: name: Valtancoli, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find that, in presence of the Snyder geometry, the quantization of d isotropic harmonic oscillators can be solved exactly.
description: 7 pages, no figures
Multiple ionization of neon by soft X-rays at ultrahigh intensity
Creators: name: Guichard, R
name: Richter, M
name: Rost, J-M
name: Saalmann, U
name: Sorokin, A A
name: Tiedtke, K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At the free-electron laser FLASH, multiple ionization of neon atoms was quantitatively investigated at 93.0 eV and 90.5 eV photon energy. For ion charge states up to 6+, we compare the respective absolute photoionization yields with results from a minimal model and an elaborate description. Both approaches are based on rate equations and take into acccout a Gaussian spatial intensity distribution of the laser beam. From the comparison we conclude, that photoionization up to a charge of 5+ can be described by the minimal model. For higher charges, the experimental ionization yields systematically exceed the elaborate rate based prediction.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Observations of CMEs and Models of the Eruptive Corona
Creators: name: Gopalswamy, Nat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current theoretical ideas on the internal structure of CMEs suggest that a flux rope is central to the CME structure, which has considerable observational support both from remote-sensing and in-situ observations. The flux-rope nature is also consistent with the post-eruption arcades with high-temperature plasmas and the charge states observed within CMEs arriving at Earth. The model involving magnetic loop expansion to explain CMEs without flux ropes is not viable because it contradicts CME kinematics and flare properties near the Sun. The flux rope is fast, it drives a shock, so the global picture of CMEs becomes complete if one includes the shock sheath to the CSHKP model.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of Solar Wind 13, June 2012, Kona, HI
Symmetric vs asymmetric stem cell divisions: an adaptation against cancer?
Creators: name: Shahriyari, Leili
name: Komarova, Natalia L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Traditionally, it has been held that a central characteristic of stem cells is their ability to divide asymmetrically. Recent advances in inducible genetic labeling provided ample evidence that symmetric stem cell divisions play an important role in adult mammalian homeostasis. It is well understood that the two types of cell divisions differ in terms of the stem cells' flexibility to expand when needed. On the contrary, the implications of symmetric and asymmetric divisions for mutation accumulation are still poorly understood. In this paper we study a stochastic model of a renewing tissue, and address the optimization problem of tissue architecture in the context of mutant production. Specifically, we study the process of tumor suppressor gene inactivation which usually takes place as a sequence of two consecutive "hits", and which is one of the most common patterns in carcinogenesis. We compare and contrast symmetric and asymmetric (and mixed) stem cell divisions, and focus on the rate at which double-hit mutants are generated. It turns out that symmetrically-dividing cells generate such mutants at a rate which is significantly lower than that of asymmetrically-dividing cells. This result holds whether single-hit (intermediate) mutants are disadvantageous, neutral, or advantageous. It is also independent on whether the carcinogenic double-hit mutants are produced only among the stem cells or also among more differentiated cells. We argue that symmetric stem cell divisions in mammals could be an adaptation which helps delay the onset of cancers. We further investigate the question of the optimal fraction of stem cells in the tissue, and quantify the contribution of non-stem cells in mutant production. Our work provides a hypothesis to explain the observation that in mammalian cells, symmetric patterns of stem cell division seem to be very common.
On some local cohomology spectral sequences
Creators: name: Montaner, Josep Àlvarez
name: Boix, Alberto F.
name: Zarzuela, Santiago
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13D45 (Primary), 13A35, 13F55, 14N20, 18G40 (Secondary)

description: We introduce a formalism to produce several families of spectral sequences involving the derived functors of the limit and colimit functors over a finite partially ordered set. The first type of spectral sequences involves the left derived functors of the colimit of the direct system that we obtain applying a family of functors to a single module. For the second type we follow a completely different strategy as we start with the inverse system that we obtain by applying a covariant functor to an inverse system. The spectral sequences involve the right derived functors of the corresponding limit. We also have a version for contravariant functors. In all the introduced spectral sequences we provide sufficient conditions to ensure their degeneration at their second page. As a consequence we obtain some decomposition theorems that greatly generalize the well-known decomposition formula for local cohomology modules given by Hochster.
description: 63 pages, comments are welcome. To appear in International Mathematics Research Notices
MPEC 2023-G56 : DAILY ORBIT UPDATE (2023 April 11)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
A multiwavelength view of star-disk interaction in NGC 2264
Creators: name: Cody, A. M.
name: Stauffer, J. R.
name: Micela, G.
name: Baglin, A.
name: Team, the CSI 2264
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variability is a signature property of cool young stars, particularly for those surrounded by disks. Traditional single-band time series display complex features associated with accretion, disk structure, and accompanying stellar activity, but these processes are challenging to model. To make progress in connecting observed time domain properties with the underlying physics of young stars and their disks, we have embarked on an unprecedented multiwavelength monitoring campaign: the Coordinated Synoptic Investigation of NGC 2264 ("CSI 2264"). Beginning in December 2011, CSI 2264 has acquired 30 continuous days of mid-infrared time series from Spitzer, simultaneous optical monitoring from CoRoT and MOST, X-ray observations with Chandra, as well as complementary data from a number of ground-based telescopes. The extraordinary photometric precision, cadence, and time baseline of these observations enable detailed correlation of variability properties at different wavelengths, corresponding to locations from the stellar surface to the inner AU of the disk. We present the early results of the program, and discuss the need for further modeling efforts into young stars and their disks.
description: Astronomische Nachrichten (AN) Vol 334, in press; contribution to proceedings of the 17th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun (ed. Strassmeier & Lopez-Morales); 4 pages, 4 figures
Convolutional Neural Networks combined with Runge-Kutta Methods
Creators: name: Zhu, Mai
name: Chang, Bo
name: Fu, Chong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A convolutional neural network can be constructed using numerical methods for solving dynamical systems, since the forward pass of the network can be regarded as a trajectory of a dynamical system. However, existing models based on numerical solvers cannot avoid the iterations of implicit methods, which makes the models inefficient at inference time. In this paper, we reinterpret the pre-activation Residual Networks (ResNets) and their variants from the dynamical systems view. We consider that the iterations of implicit Runge-Kutta methods are fused into the training of these models. Moreover, we propose a novel approach to constructing network models based on high-order Runge-Kutta methods in order to achieve higher efficiency. Our proposed models are referred to as the Runge-Kutta Convolutional Neural Networks (RKCNNs). The RKCNNs are evaluated on multiple benchmark datasets. The experimental results show that RKCNNs are vastly superior to other dynamical system network models: they achieve higher accuracy with much fewer resources. They also expand the family of network models based on numerical methods for dynamical systems.
description: 26 pages, 2 figures
Thermodynamics and Spectroscopy of charged Dilaton black holes
Creators: name: Tharanath, R.
name: Kuriakose, V. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule is useful to study the area spectrum of black holes by employing adiabatic invariants. This method is extended to charged dilaton black holes in 2+1 dimensions. We put the background space-time into the Kruskal-like coordinate to find the period with respect to Euclidian time. Also assuming that the adiabatic invariant obeys Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule, detailed study of area and entropy spectrum has been done. It is dependent on the charge and is equally spaced as well. We also investigate the thermodynamics of the charged dilaton black hole.
description: 10 pages and 3 figures; accepted in "General Relativity and Gravitation"(GRG). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1204.1786, arXiv:1203.5947 by other authors
Efficient classical density-functional theories of rigid-molecular fluids and a simplified free energy functional for liquid water
Creators: name: Sundararaman, Ravishankar
name: Arias, T. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical density-functional theory provides an efficient alternative to molecular dynamics simulations for understanding the equilibrium properties of inhomogeneous fluids. However, application of density-functional theory to multi-site molecular fluids has so far been limited by complications due to the implicit molecular geometry constraints on the site densities, whose resolution typically requires expensive Monte Carlo methods. Here, we present a general scheme of circumventing this so-called inversion problem: compressed representations of the orientation density. This approach allows us to combine the superior iterative convergence properties of multipole representations of the fluid configuration with the improved accuracy of site-density functionals. Next, from a computational perspective, we show how to extend the DFT++ algebraic formulation of electronic density-functional theory to the classical fluid case and present a basis-independent discretization of our formulation for molecular classical density-functional theory. Finally, armed with the above general framework, we construct a simplified free-energy functional for water which captures the radial distributions, cavitation energies, and the linear and non-linear dielectric response of liquid water. The resulting approach will enable efficient and reliable first-principles studies of atomic-scale processes in contact with solution or other liquid environments.
description: 34 pages, 11 figures
Phase transitions of the five-state clock model on the square lattice
Creators: name: Chen, Y.
name: Xie, Z. Y.
name: Yu, J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the tensor renormalization group method based on the higher-order singular value decomposition,we have studied the phase transitions of the five-state clock model on the square lattice.The temperature dependence of the specific heat indicates the system has two phase transitions, as verified clearly in the correlation function. By investigating the magnetic susceptibility, we can only obtain the upper critical temperature as Tc2 = 0.9565(7). From the fixed-point tensor, we locate the transition temperatures at Tc1 = 0.9029(1) and Tc2 = 0.9520(1), consistent with the MC and the DMRG results.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures
Serverification of Molecular Modeling Applications: the Rosetta Online Server that Includes Everyone (ROSIE)
Creators: name: Lyskov, Sergey
name: Chou, Fang-Chieh
name: Conchúir, Shane Ó
name: Der, Bryan S.
name: Drew, Kevin
name: Kuroda, Daisuke
name: Xu, Jianqing
name: Weitzner, Brian D.
name: Renfrew, P. Douglas
name: Sripakdeevong, Parin
name: Borgo, Benjamin
name: Havranek, James J.
name: Kuhlman, Brian
name: Kortemme, Tanja
name: Bonneau, Richard
name: Gray, Jeffrey J.
name: Das, Rhiju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The Rosetta molecular modeling software package provides experimentally tested and rapidly evolving tools for the 3D structure prediction and high-resolution design of proteins, nucleic acids, and a growing number of non-natural polymers. Despite its free availability to academic users and improving documentation, use of Rosetta has largely remained confined to developers and their immediate collaborators due to the code's difficulty of use, the requirement for large computational resources, and the unavailability of servers for most of the Rosetta applications. Here, we present a unified web framework for Rosetta applications called ROSIE (Rosetta Online Server that Includes Everyone). ROSIE provides (a) a common user interface for Rosetta protocols, (b) a stable application programming interface for developers to add additional protocols, (c) a flexible back-end to allow leveraging of computer cluster resources shared by RosettaCommons member institutions, and (d) centralized administration by the RosettaCommons to ensure continuous maintenance. This paper describes the ROSIE server infrastructure, a step-by-step 'serverification' protocol for use by Rosetta developers, and the deployment of the first nine ROSIE applications by six separate developer teams: Docking, RNA de novo, ERRASER, Antibody, Sequence Tolerance, Supercharge, Beta peptide design, NCBB design, and VIP redesign. As illustrated by the number and diversity of these applications, ROSIE offers a general and speedy paradigm for serverification of Rosetta applications that incurs negligible cost to developers and lowers barriers to Rosetta use for the broader biological community. ROSIE is available at http://rosie.rosettacommons.org.