cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
"A series of waves" : melodramatic rhythms in Victorian serial fiction
Creators: name: Christoffersen, Anna
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Melodrama
Victorian
Serial fiction

description: The English melodramatic plays and novels of the 19th century have many notable features in common: variation between comedy and tragedy, dastardly villains and dashing heroes, and a fascination with sensationally dramatic tropes like bigamy, mistaken identity, and false death. Underwriting these superficial features, Peter Brooks identifies the melodramatic impulse, or a desire to create “a fictional system for making sense of experience” (xiii) by turning to style of moral polarization that charges every gesture with “the conflict between light and darkness, salvation and damnation” (5). Brooks’s conception of melodrama is compelling, but it fails to fully elaborate what makes melodrama so exciting to engage with. I argue that the other driving force of melodramatic tropes is the necessity of melodramatic rhythm—a cyclical pulsing wherein delicious and tantalizing suspense is built up and released over and over again. As Juliet John describes, such rhythm is “a series of waves: the moment of stasis is remarkable because it is transitory; moments of excess signify imminent excess and vice versa” (31). Turning to Charles Dickens’s Nicholas Nickleby, Wilkie Collins’s Woman in White, and Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s Lady Audley’s Secret, in this paper I establish how all three authors betray an investment in melodramatic rhythm with their construction of installments. Dickens with his variation between comedic and tragic, Collins with his shameless and frequent use of intense intrigue and shattering revelations, and Braddon with her negotiation between the readers’ relative surplus and Robert Audley’s relative lack of information. All three of these authors, too, are linked by the medium of serial publication. Whether or not there is a causal relationship between publication in monthly/weekly installments and melodramatic rhythm, each author begins and ends their installments very strategically, using the gap between installments as another technique to enhance their novels’ melodramatic rhythms. Ultimately, this paper argues that the engrossing and dependable melodramatic rhythm that drives these three novels is the key to their popularity.
Distributing many points on spheres: minimal energy and designs
Creators: name: Brauchart, Johann S.
name: Grabner, Peter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 11K36, 11K38, 65D30, 65D32 (Primary), 05B30, 11E45, 28A78, 31A15, 31B15, 41A05, 41A63, 49J10, 52A40, 70F10 (Secondary)

description: This survey discusses recent developments in the context of spherical designs and minimal energy point configurations on spheres. The recent solution of the long standing problem of the existence of spherical $t$-designs on $\mathbb{S}^d$ with $\mathcal{O}(t^d)$ number of points by A. Bondarenko, D. Radchenko, and M. Viazovska attracted new interest to this subject. Secondly, D. P. Hardin and E. B. Saff proved that point sets minimising the discrete Riesz energy on $\mathbb{S}^d$ in the hypersingular case are asymptotically uniformly distributed. Both results are of great relevance to the problem of describing the quality of point distributions on $\mathbb{S}^d$, as well as finding point sets, which exhibit good distribution behaviour with respect to various quality measures.
description: 50 pages, 1 table; revision; references added and updated
Computational Modelling of Pyrrolic MN4 Motifs Embedded in Graphene for Catalyst Design
Creators: name: Low, Jian Liang
name: Paulus, Beate
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: single-atom catalyst
subject: carbon material
subject: density functional theory
subject: pyrrolic and pyridinicMN4
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Carbon-based materials doped with metal and nitrogen (M-N-Cs) have promising potential in electrocatalytic applications with the advantage of material sustainability. MN4 motifs incorporated into a carbon lattice are generally known to be responsible for the activity of these materials. While many computational studies assume the tetrapyridinic MN4 motifs, recent studies have elucidated the role of tetrapyrrolic MN4 motifs in electrocatalysis. Using density functional theory, we constructed and compared various structural models to study the incorporation of tetrapyrrolic and tetrapyridinic MN4 motifs in 2D carbon materials and analyzed the type of interactions between each metal species and the N4 site. We further quantified the relative affinity of various metal species to the two types of N4 site. Upon analysis of energies, bond lengths, electronic population and charges, we found that metals that exhibit highly ionic binding characters have a greater affinity towards tetrapyrrolic MN4 motifs compared to species that participate in covalent interactions with the π-system. Furthermore, the binding strength of each species in the N4 site depend on the electronegativity as well as the availability of orbitals for accepting electrons from the π-system.
Prediction of leptonic CP phase from perturbatively modified tribimaximal (or bimaximal) mixing
Creators: name: Kang, Sin Kyu
name: Kim, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the perturbatively modified tribimaximal (or bimaximal) mixing to estimate the (Dirac-type) CP phase in neutrino mixing matrix. The expressions for the CP phase are derived from the equivalence between the standard parametrization of the neutrino mixing matrix for the Majorana neutrino and modified tribimaximal or bimaximal mixing matrices with appropriate CP phases. Carrying out numerical analysis based on the current experimental results for neutrino mixing angles, we can predict the values of the CP phase for several possible cases.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, title changed, matches published version
A Special Issue on Marek’s Disease Virus - The Editors’ View
Creators: name: Kaufer, Benedikt B.
name: Parcells, Mark S.
name: Bertzbach, Luca D.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Marek’s Disease Virus
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten

description: Marek’s disease virus (MDV), an Alphaherpesvirus belonging to the genus Mardivirus, causes T cell lymphomas in chickens and remains one of the greatest threats to poultry production worldwide. While losses caused by Marek’s disease have been reduced through live-attenuated vaccines, field strains have increased in virulence over recent decades. MDV research has led to a profound understanding of virus-induced pathogenesis and tumor development [1,2,3]. Our goal with this Microorganisms Special Issue on Marek’s disease virus was to collect manuscripts that would provide deeper insights into MDV infection, lytic replication, and latency in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we assembled reports that provide novel data on pathogenesis, immune system interactions, as well as state-of-the-art concepts to identify approaches to control MDV infections. We were happy to edit seven research articles, three short communications, and a review article on these diverse aspects of MDV infections.
Digital Blood in Massively Parallel CPU/GPU Systems for the Study of Platelet Transport: Supplementary Material
Creators: name: Kotsalos, Christos
name: Latt, Jonas
name: Beny, Joel
name: Chopard, Bastien
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: Supplementary Material for the manuscript entitled "Digital Blood in Massively Parallel CPU/GPU Systems for the Study of Platelet Transport"
A Study on Thermal Quantum Resources and Probabilistic Teleportation in Spin-1/2 Heisenberg XYZ+DM+KSEA Model under Variable Zeeman Splitting
Creators: name: Ali, Asad
name: Al-Kuwari, Saif
name: Rahim, M. T.
name: Ghominejad, Mehrdad
name: Ali, Hazrat
name: Haddadi, Saeed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the behavior of various measures of quantum coherence and quantum correlation in the spin-1/2 Heisenberg XYZ model with added Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya (DM) and Kaplan--Shekhtman--Entin-Wohlman--Aharony (KSEA) interactions at a thermal regime described by a Gibbs density operator. We aim to understand the restricted hierarchical classification of different quantum resources, where Bell nonlocality $\subseteq$ quantum steering $\subseteq$ quantum entanglement $\subseteq$ quantum discord $\subseteq$ quantum coherence. This hierarchy highlights the increasingly stringent conditions required as we move from quantum coherence to more specific quantum phenomena. In order to enhance quantum coherence, quantum correlation, and fidelity of teleportation, our analysis encompasses the effects of independently provided sinusoidal magnetic field control as well as DM and KSEA interactions on the considered system. The results reveal that enhancing the entanglement or quantum correlation of the channel does not always guarantee successful teleportation or even an improvement in teleportation fidelity. Thus, the relationship between teleportation fidelity and the channel's underlying quantum properties is intricate. Our study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of quantum coherence and correlation hierarchy, offering potential applications for quantum communication and information processing technologies.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures. All comments are welcome
Quantification des contaminants organiques dissous par échantillonnage passif intégratif (SBSE in situ)
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Jean-Louis
name: Guyomarch, Julien
Publisher: name: Ifremer, Cedre
Year: 2020
Subjects: Milieu marin
Echantillonnage passif intégratif
contaminants organiques hydrophobes
SBSE
environment
Integrative passive sampling
hydrophobic organic contaminants

description: Different have shown the advantage of the SBSE technique, in particular for the marine environment, because of the ease of its implementation, the large number of hydrophobic (and "moderately polar") compounds which can be sampled with this technique; the significant reduction in quantification limits, in particular for many compounds for which the limits set by the WFD are difficult to achieve. Numerous applications of this technique in its "classical" form (extraction of a grab water sample) have been carried out, the use of in situ SBSE (in integrative form) makes it possible to monitor the effect of contamination and integrate the temporal variations of the concentrations of a relatively wide range of contaminants. The objective of the study is to carry out initial trials of application in the marine environment of this technique in an integrative form. The main objective will be to contribute to the determination of: the number of molecules that can be measured using this technique; the quantification limits; the reproducibility of the method.
description: Différents travaux menés ont montré l’intérêt de la SBSE en tant que technique d’extraction in situ, notamment pour le milieu marin, du fait : de la facilité de sa mise en oeuvre, du grand nombre de composés hydrophobes (et "moyennement" polaires) qui peuvent être extraits et analysés avec cette technique ; de l'abaissement notable des limites de quantification, notamment pour de nombreux composés pour lesquels les limites fixées par la DCE sont difficiles à atteindre. De nombreuses applications de cette technique sous sa forme "classique" (extraction d'un échantillon ponctuel) ont été réalisées, l'utilisation de la SBSE in situ (sous forme intégrative) permettrait de suivre en "continu" l’évolution des contaminations et d’intégrer les variations temporelles des concentrations d'une relativement large gamme de contaminants. L'objectif de l'action proposée est de réaliser des premiers essais d'application en milieu marin de cette technique sous forme intégrative. Le but principal sera de contribuer à la détermination: du nombre de molécules mesurables grâce à cette technique; des limites de quantification; de la reproductibilité de la méthode. Ce rapport présente aussi la suite des essais de validation de la méthode SBSE TBT (Gonzalez et Guyomarch, 2017a) sur différents sites de la rade de Toulon, soumis à des "impacts TBT" différents.
Signature of snaking states in the conductance of core-shell nanowires
Creators: name: Rosdahl, Tomas Orn
name: Manolescu, Andrei
name: Gudmundsson, Vidar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model a core-shell nanowire (CSN) by a cylindrical surface of finite length. A uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder forms electron states along the lines of zero radial field projection, which can classically be described as snaking states. In a strong field, these states converge pairwise to quasidegenerate levels, which are situated at the bottom of the energy spectrum. We calculate the conductance of the CSN by coupling it to leads, and predict that the snaking states govern transport at low chemical potential, forming isolated peaks, each of which may be split in two by applying a transverse electric field. If the contacts with the leads do not completely surround the CSN, as is usually the case in experiments, the amplitude of the snaking peaks changes when the magnetic field is rotated, determined by the overlap of the contacts with the snaking states.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Generation of hybrid entanglement between a single-photon polarization qubit and a coherent state
Creators: name: Kwon, Hyukjoon
name: Jeong, Hyunseok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme to generate entanglement between a single-photon qubit in the polarization basis and a coherent state of light. The required resources are a superposition of coherent states, a polarization entangled photon pair, beam splitters, the displacement operation, and four photodetectors. Even when realistic detectors with a limited efficiency are used, an arbitrarily high fidelity can be obtained by adjusting a beam-splitter ratio and the displacement amplitude at the price of reducing the success probability. Our analysis shows that high fidelities may be obtained using on-off detectors with low efficiencies and available resource states under current technology.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
The stable category of monomorphisms between (Gorenstein) projective modules with applications
Creators: name: Bahlekeh, Abdolnaser
name: Fotouhi, Fahimeh Sadat
name: Hamlehdari, Mohammad Amin
name: Salarian, Shokrollah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let (S; n) be a commutative noetherian local ring and let w in n be non-zero divisor. This paper is concerned with the two categories of monomorphisms between finitely generated (Gorenstein) projective S-modules, such that their cokernels are annihilated by w. It is shown that these categories, which will be denoted by Mon(w;P) and Mon(w; G), are both Frobenius categories with the same projective objects. It is also proved that the stable category Mon(w;P) is triangle equivalent to the category of D-branes of type B, DB(w), which has been introduced by Kontsevich and studied by Orlov. Moreover, it will be observed that the stable categories Mon(w;P) and Mon(w; G) are closely related to the singularity category of the factor ring R = S/(w). Precisely, there is a fully faithful triangle functor from the stable category Mon(w; G) to Dsg(R), which is dense if and only if R (and so S) are Gorenstein rings. Particularly, it is proved that the density of the restriction of this functor to Mon(w;P), guarantees the regularity of the ring S.
description: to appear in Forum Mathematicum
title: Messung der diffusen Streuung an binären Legierungen
Creators: name: Verclas, Robert Bernhard
Year: 2021

description: Das Vorhaben dieser Masterarbeit ist die diffuse Streuung von binären intermetallischen Phasen wie Fe55Al45 und Ni58Al42 zu untersuchen. Als Referenz diente eine diffuse Intensitätsmessung an einer Cu90Au10-Probe, da diese schon im letzten Jahrhundert von Schönfeld durchgeführt wurde und daher mit seinen Ergebnissen verglichen werden kann. Zudem wurde eine geeignete Veranschaulichung der Daten mittels einer Polarprojektion gefunden, welche die Messergebnisse der diffusen Röntgenstreuung vergleichbar darstellt. Die von Schönfeld bestimmten Warren-Cowley Nahordnungsparameter wurden verwendet um das diffuse Streubild von Cu90Au10 in einer Polarprojektion abzubilden. Damit wurde die experimentell gemessene diffuse Intensität in dieser Masterarbeit verglichen. Ein speziell angefertigter Präparathalter, von Bogdan Sepiol entworfen, wurde benutzt um die diffuse Streuung mit einem Si-PIN Röntgendetektor zu messen. Dieser Präparathalter wurde hierfür extra in einer Röntgenkleinwinkelanlage Nanostar installiert. Im Nanostar wurden sowohl Kleinwinkel- als auch Weitwinkel-Röntgenstreuung-Messungen der Proben Cu90Au10, Fe55Al45, Ni58Al42 und Ni90Pt10 durchgeführt. Diese Messungen dienten zur diffusen Intensitätskorrektur und der Bestimmung der Kristallorientierung der Legierungen.
description: The objective of this master thesis is to investigate the diffuse scattering of binary inermetallic crystals like Fe55Al45 and Ni58Al42. A diffuse intensity measurement of a Cu90Au10 sample served as a reference, since Schönfeld examined the diffuse scattering of the same sample as well in the last century. Thus the experimental measurements can be compared with his results. In addition, the polar projection is found as a suitable method to compare the measurements of the diffuse scattering. The Warren-Cowley short-range order parameters determined by Schönfeld were used to create a polar projection of the diffuse diffraction pattern of Cu90Au10, which was used for comparison with the measured diffuse intesity of Cu90Au10 in this master thesis. A special speciment mount designed by Bogdan Sepiol was utilized and installed in a small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) system called Nanostar to measure the diffuse intensity with a Si-PIN X-ray detector. In the Nanostar were performed SAXS and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measurements of the samples Cu90Au10, Fe55Al45, Ni58Al42 and Ni90Pt10. These measurements served for the diffuse intensity correction and the determination of the crystall orientation.
title: Integration und Inklusion in und durch Sport
Creators: name: Kvalichova, Romana
Year: 2021

description: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema Sportintegration von Geflüchteten in Österreich. Der Fokus liegt auf der Sportart Klettern und den damit verbundenen ehrenamtlichen Sportprojekten, die im Rahmen der großen Fluchtbewegungen 2015 und 2016 ins Leben gerufen wurden. Das theoretische Konzept Integration wird dabei von verschiedenen Blickwinkeln aus beleuchtet und aufgrund seiner Problematik mit dem Index der Inklusion ergänzt. Die Analyse der empirischen Daten erfolgt auf der Basis von Hartmut Essers vier Dimensionen der Sozialintegration. Nach einer Einführung in die integrativen Funktionen des Sports und die Geschichte des Kletterns werden die einzelnen Projekte, Vereine und Initiativen vorgestellt. Fragen zur Organisation von Sporteinheiten und Interaktion mit geflüchteten Personen werden aufgeworfen. Mittels leitfadengestützter Interviews mit Mitwirkenden und Asylwerber_innen sowie Asylberechtigten werden schließlich integrationsfördernde Stärken des Boulderns und des Sportkletterns untersucht. Ergänzend dazu liegt ein weiterer Schwerpunkt auf der Klettergemeinschaft und ihrer Auswirkung auf Entwicklung interkultureller Kompetenzen.
description: This master thesis deals with the integration of refugees through sports in Austria. It focuses on climbing as a part of volunteer sports projects which started within the scope of the great refugee movements in 2015 and 2016. Integration as a theoretical concept is examined from different perspectives. Due to its problematic nature it is complemented with the index of inclusion. The analysis of the empirical data is based on Hartmut Esser's four dimensions of social integration. After an introduction to the integrative functions of sport and the history of climbing, the individual projects, voluntary associations and initiatives are presented. Questions about the organization of sports sessions and social interaction with refugees are raised. By means of guideline-based interviews with experts, volunteers, asylum seekers as well as recognised refugees, the integrative strengths of bouldering and sport climbing are examined. In addition, there is an emphasis on the climbing community and its impact on the development of intercultural competencies.
Epidemic processes in complex networks
Creators: name: Pastor-Satorras, Romualdo
name: Castellano, Claudio
name: Van Mieghem, Piet
name: Vespignani, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In recent years the research community has accumulated overwhelming evidence for the emergence of complex and heterogeneous connectivity patterns in a wide range of biological and sociotechnical systems. The complex properties of real-world networks have a profound impact on the behavior of equilibrium and nonequilibrium phenomena occurring in various systems, and the study of epidemic spreading is central to our understanding of the unfolding of dynamical processes in complex networks. The theoretical analysis of epidemic spreading in heterogeneous networks requires the development of novel analytical frameworks, and it has produced results of conceptual and practical relevance. A coherent and comprehensive review of the vast research activity concerning epidemic processes is presented, detailing the successful theoretical approaches as well as making their limits and assumptions clear. Physicists, mathematicians, epidemiologists, computer, and social scientists share a common interest in studying epidemic spreading and rely on similar models for the description of the diffusion of pathogens, knowledge, and innovation. For this reason, while focusing on the main results and the paradigmatic models in infectious disease modeling, the major results concerning generalized social contagion processes are also presented. Finally, the research activity at the forefront in the study of epidemic spreading in coevolving, coupled, and time-varying networks is reported.
description: 62 pages, 15 figures, final version
GOLDYS - 1 cruise,LOUIS ELIE II R/V
Creators: name: Sandrine, VAZ
name: VILLENEUVE Rémi
name: RAPHALEN Elio
Publisher: name: Sismer
Year: 2022

description: Suite à la mise en oeuvre du plan de gestion WESTMED en 2020, le besoin accru de connaissances sur le fonctionnement du Golfe du Lion a été souligné par l'ensemble des acteurs, pêcheurs professionnels, scientifiques et gestionnaires. Le projet Goldys (Dynamique Saisonnière du Golfe du Lion), est un projet porté par Ifremer en partenariat avec le CRPMEM-Occitanie, et cofinancé par les fonds FEAMP, France Filière Pêche et la région Occitanie jusqu'en Juin 2023. Il ambitionne de répondre à certaines questions sur le fonctionnement écologique du Golfe du Lion et la dynamique saisonnière des espèces exploitées par les flottilles chalutières.
En particulier, via la mise en oeuvre de campagnes d'observation tout au long de l'année, il vise à compléter la vision estivale du système obtenue par le biais des campagnes scientifiques déployées en Juin et Juillet par Ifremer (campagnes MEDITS et PELMED). En s'appuyant sur les même protocoles et engins d'observation que sur ces campagnes (pour permettre la comparaison entre les saisons) mais en les déployant sur un chalutier méditerranéen, il vise à observer :
- L'évolution saisonnière de l'ensemble des espèces pêchées au chalut de fond vivant proches ou sur du fond
- Les cycles reproductifs d'un grand nombre d'entre elle (définir les périodes de pontes)
- Les zones de pontes et de nourriceries
- L'évolution saisonnière de la productivité du milieu (hydrologie, communautés phyto- et zoo-planctoniques)
Les trois campagnes saisonnières GOLDYS (printemps, automne, hiver) visent donc à couvrir une partie représentative du Golfe du Lion en reprenant pour partie les points observés lors de la campagne MEDITS et en les complétant par des traînes professionnelles. Pour ce faire, 40 opérations par saison, s'étalant sur 75 jours de mer, ont été réalisées entre Avril 2022 et Mars 2023.
ВОСПИТАНИЕ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО МЫШЛЕНИЯ НА УРОКАХ ХИМИИ В ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ШКОЛЕ
Creators: name: Содикова, Насиба
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Во всем мире экологическое образование в настоящее время рассматривается как важнейшая мера предупреждения экологической катастрофы и является общепризнанным приоритетным направлением педагогических исследований.
title: Методика расчета статического режима ректификационных колонн для задач оптимизации конструктивных и технологических параметров на MathCAD Prime 3.0
Creators: name: Мухитдинов, Д.П.
name: Кадиров, Ё.Б.
Publisher: name: Tashkent State Technical University Named after Islam Karimov
Year: 2018

description: Предложена методика расчета статики процесса ректификцации. Приведен метод расчета материального и теплового балансов в программе MathCAD Prime 3.0. Предлагаемая методика предусматривает расчет давления в колонне, основанный на предварительном определении температуры полной конденсации паров дистиллята, сложность которого обусловлена нелинейным характером зависимости констант равновесия от температуры. По уравнениям Андервуда рассчитаны минимальное и рабочее флегмовое число в процессах многокомпонентной ректификации. Произведен расчёт теоретического числа тарелок колонны и определено положение тарелки питания.
Illness-Death Model as a Framework for Chronic Disease Burden Projection: Application to Mental Health Epidemiology
Creators: name: Ito, Chisato
name: Kurth, Tobias
name: Baune, Bernhard T.
name: Brinks, Ralph
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: burden of disease
subject: illness-death model
subject: epidemiological models
subject: projection
subject: prevalence
subject: chronic disease
subject: anxiety disorders
subject: mental health
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Introduction: Estimates of future disease burden supports public health decision-making. Multistate modeling of chronic diseases is still limited despite a long history of mathematicalmodeling of diseases.We introduce a discrete time approach to the illness- death model and a recursion formula, which can be utilized to project chronic disease burden. We further illustrate an example of the technique applied to anxiety disorders in Germany. Materials and Equipment: The illness-death model is a multistate model that relates prevalence, incidence, mortality, and remission. A basic recursion formula that considers prevalence, incidence, mortality among the susceptible, and mortality among the diseased can be applied to irreversible chronic diseases such as diabetes. Among several mental disorders, remission plays a key role and thus an extended recursion formula taking remission into account is derived. Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 data and population projections from the Federal Statistical Office of Germany, a total number of individuals with anxiety disorders by sex in Germany from 2019 to 2030 was projected. Regression models were fitted to historical data for prevalence and incidence. Differential mortality risks were modeled based on empirical evidence. Remission was estimated from prevalence, incidence, and mortality, applying the extended recursion formula. Sex- and age-specific prevalence of 2019 was given as the initial value to estimate the total number of individuals with anxiety disorders for each year up to 2030. Projections were alsomade through simple extrapolation of prevalence for comparison. Results: From 2019 to 2030, we estimated a decrease of 52,114 (−1.3%) individuals with anxiety disorders among women, and an increase of 166,870 (+8.5%) cases among men, through the illness-death model approach. With prevalence extrapolation, an increase of 381,770 (+9.7%) among women and an increase of 272,446 (+13.9%) among men were estimated. Discussion: Application of the illness-death model with discrete time steps is possible for both irreversible chronic diseases and diseases with possible remissions, such as anxiety disorders. The technique provides a framework for disease burden prediction. The example provided here can form a basis for running simulations under varying transition probabilities.
Far-from-equilibrium spin transport in Heisenberg quantum magnets
Creators: name: Hild, Sebastian
name: Fukuhara, Takeshi
name: Schauß, Peter
name: Zeiher, Johannes
name: Knap, Michael
name: Demler, Eugene
name: Bloch, Immanuel
name: Gross, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study experimentally the far-from-equilibrium dynamics in ferromagnetic Heisenberg quantum magnets realized with ultracold atoms in an optical lattice. After controlled imprinting of a spin spiral pattern with adjustable wave vector, we measure the decay of the initial spin correlations through single-site resolved detection. On the experimentally accessible timescale of several exchange times we find a profound dependence of the decay rate on the wave vector. In one-dimensional systems we observe diffusion-like spin transport with a dimensionless diffusion coefficient of 0.22(1). We show how this behavior emerges from the microscopic properties of the closed quantum system. In contrast to the one-dimensional case, our transport measurements for two-dimensional Heisenberg systems indicate anomalous super-diffusion.
Novel Bacteriophage Specific against Staphylococcus epidermidis and with Antibiofilm Activity
Creators: name: Fanaei Pirlar, Rima
name: Wagemans, Jeroen
name: Ponce Benavente, Luis
name: Lavigne, Rob
name: Trampuz, Andrej
name: Gonzalez Moreno, Mercedes
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Staphylococcus epidermidis
subject: biofilm-associated infection
subject: novel bacteriophage species
subject: whole-genome sequencing
subject: isothermal microcalorimetry
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Staphylococcus epidermidis has emerged as the most important pathogen in infections related to indwelling medical devices, and although these infections are not life-threatening, their frequency and the fact that they are extremely difficult to treat represent a serious burden on the public health system. Treatment is complicated by specific antibiotic resistance genes and the formation of biofilms. Hence, novel therapeutic strategies are needed to fight these infections. A novel bacteriophage CUB-EPI_14 specific to the bacterial species S. epidermidis was isolated from sewage and characterized genomically and phenotypically. Its genome contains a total of 46,098 bp and 63 predicted genes, among which some have been associated with packaging and lysis-associated proteins, structural proteins, or DNA- and metabolism-associated proteins. No lysogeny-associated proteins or known virulence proteins were identified in the phage genome. CUB-EPI_14 showed stability over a wide range of temperatures (from -20 degrees C to 50 degrees C) and pH values (pH 3-pH 12) and a narrow host range against S. epidermidis. Potent antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities were observed when the phage was tested against a highly susceptible bacterial isolate. These encouraging results open the door to new therapeutic opportunities in the fight against resilient biofilm-associated infections caused by S. epidermidis.
Fast and Globally Consistent Normal Orientation based on the Winding Number Normal Consistency
Creators: name: Lin, Siyou
name: Shi, Zuoqiang
name: Liu, Yebin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Estimating consistently oriented normals for point clouds enables a number of important applications in computer graphics. While local normal estimation is possible with simple techniques like PCA, orienting them to be globally consistent has been a notoriously difficult problem. Some recent methods exploit various properties of the winding number formula to achieve global consistency. Despite their exciting progress, these algorithms either have high space/time complexity, or do not produce accurate and consistently oriented normals for imperfect data. In this paper, we propose a novel property from the winding number formula, termed Winding Number Normal Consistency (WNNC), to tackle this problem. The derived property is based on the simple observation that the normals (negative gradients) sampled from the winding number field should be codirectional to the normals used to compute the winding number field. Since the WNNC property itself does not resolve the inside/outside orientation ambiguity, we further incorporate an objective function from Parametric Gauss Reconstruction (PGR). We propose to iteratively update normals by alternating between WNNC-based normal updates and PGR-based gradient descents, which leads to an embarrassingly simple yet effective iterative algorithm that allows fast and high-quality convergence to globally consistent normals. Furthermore, our proposed algorithm only involves repeatedly evaluating the winding number formula and its derivatives, which can be accelerated and parallelized using a treecode-based approximation algorithm. Our GPU (and even CPU) implementation can be significantly faster than the recent state-of-the-art methods for normal orientation from raw points. Our code is integrated with the popular PyTorch framework to facilitate further research into winding numbers, and is publicly available at https://jsnln.github.io/wnnc/index.html.
description: Accepted to SIGGRAPH Asia 2024 Journal Track
Acinetobacter baumannii from Samples of Commercially Reared Turkeys: Genomic Relationships, Antimicrobial and Biocide Susceptibility
Creators: name: Schmitz, Anna
name: Hanke, Dennis
name: Lüschow, Dörte
name: Schwarz, Stefan
name: Higgins, Paul G.
name: Feßler, Andrea T.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: poultry
subject: antimicrobial resistance
subject: biocide resistance
subject: PFGE
subject: WGS
subject: Pasteur MLST scheme
subject: Oxford MLST scheme
subject: core genome MLST
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::636 Viehwirtschaft

description: Acinetobacter baumannii is especially known as a cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. It shows intrinsic and acquired resistances to numerous antimicrobial agents, which can render the treatment difficult. In contrast to the situation in human medicine, there are only few studies focusing on A. baumannii among livestock. In this study, we have examined 643 samples from turkeys reared for meat production, including 250 environmental and 393 diagnostic samples, for the presence of A. baumannii. In total, 99 isolates were identified, confirmed to species level via MALDI-TOF-MS and characterised with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Antimicrobial and biocide susceptibility was tested by broth microdilution methods. Based on the results, 26 representative isolates were selected and subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS). In general, A. baumannii was detected at a very low prevalence, except for a high prevalence of 79.7% in chick-box-papers (n = 118) of one-day-old turkey chicks. The distributions of the minimal inhibitory concentration values were unimodal for the four biocides and for most of the antimicrobial agents tested. WGS revealed 16 Pasteur and 18 Oxford sequence types, including new ones. Core genome MLST highlighted the diversity of most isolates. In conclusion, the isolates detected were highly diverse and still susceptible to many antimicrobial agents.
The Scientific Competitiveness of Nations
Creators: name: Cimini, Giulio
name: Gabrielli, Andrea
name: Labini, Francesco Sylos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We use citation data of scientific articles produced by individual nations in different scientific domains to determine the structure and efficiency of national research systems. We characterize the scientific fitness of each nation (that is, the competitiveness of its research system) and the complexity of each scientific domain by means of a non-linear iterative algorithm able to assess quantitatively the advantage of scientific diversification. We find that technological leading nations, beyond having the largest production of scientific papers and the largest number of citations, do not specialize in a few scientific domains. Rather, they diversify as much as possible their research system. On the other side, less developed nations are competitive only in scientific domains where also many other nations are present. Diversification thus represents the key element that correlates with scientific and technological competitiveness. A remarkable implication of this structure of the scientific competition is that the scientific domains playing the role of "markers" of national scientific competitiveness are those not necessarily of high technological requirements, but rather addressing the most "sophisticated" needs of the society.
Captage d'huîtres creuses et plates sur collecteurs
Creators: name: Pouvreau, Stephane
Publisher: name: Ifremer
Year: 2013

description: De toutes petites huîtres creuses (Crassostrea gigas) ou plates (Ostrea edulis) se sont fixées sur ces coupelles chaulées. Les ostréiculteurs posent des collecteurs plastiques ou chaulés (donnant cette couleur blanche) au moment de la saison de reproduction. La chaux, composée de calcaire, a un pouvoir attractif vis-à-vis des larves d’huîtres et celles-ci viennent se fixer dessus. Selon les années, ce captage peut être plus ou moins important, en fonction de la météo. L'Ifremer suit tous les ans la reproduction et le recrutement de l'huître en France, sur toutes les côtes françaises, dans le cadre d’un réseau national, appelé VELYGER.
Impact of COVID-19 on Intracranial Meningioma Resection: Results from California State Inpatient Database
Creators: name: Rubens, Muni
name: Saxena, Anshul
name: Ramamoorthy, Venkataraghavan
name: Ahmed, Md Ashfaq
name: Zhang, Zhenwei
name: McGranaghan, Peter
name: Veledar, Emir
name: McDermott, Michael
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: coronavirus
subject: mortality
subject: hospitalization
subject: intracranial meningioma resection
subject: morbidity
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Simple Summary: All fields of healthcare were adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we sought to understand the effects of COVID-19 on hospitalizations for intracranial meningioma resection using a large database. We compared hospitalization rates as well as hospital outcomes such as Clavien-Dindo grade IV complications, in-hospital mortality, and prolonged length of stay for intracranial meningioma resection during 2019 and 2020. Our findings showed that though hospitalization rates decreased slightly during the COVID-19 pandemic, hospital outcomes were not adversely affected. The findings of our study show that with adequate planning and preparations, better hospital outcomes could be sustained even during healthcare emergencies such as COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings assure that neurosurgery practice in the US ensured the best quality of care to their patients even during COVID-19 pandemic. Abstract: Purpose: To assess the effects of COVID-19 on hospitalizations for intracranial meningioma resection using a large database. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the California State Inpatient Database (SID) 2019 and 2020. All adult (18 years or older) hospitalizations were included for the analysis. The primary outcomes were trends in hospitalization for intracranial meningioma resection between 2019 and 2020. Secondary outcomes were Clavien-Dindo grade IV complications, in-hospital mortality, and prolonged length of stay, which was defined as length of stay >= 75 percentile. Results: There were 3,173,333 and 2,866,161 hospitalizations in 2019 and 2020, respectively (relative decrease, 9.7%), of which 921 and 788 underwent intracranial meningioma resection (relative decrease, 14.4%). In 2020, there were 94,114 admissions for COVID-19 treatment. Logistic regression analysis showed that year in which intracranial meningioma resection was performed did not show significant association with Clavien-Dindo grade IV complications and in-hospital mortality (OR, 1.23, 95% CI: 0.78-1.94) and prolonged length of stay (OR, 1.05, 95% CI: 0.84-1.32). Conclusion: Our findings show that neurosurgery practice in the US successfully adapted to the unforeseen challenges posed by COVD-19 and ensured the best quality of care to the patients.
title: Ανάλυση ανταγωνισμού ηλεκτρονικών καταστημάτων με βάση την μεθοδολογία πολυκριτήριας ανάλυσης καταναλωτικών προτιμήσεων MARKEX και αλγορίθμων εξόρυξης δεδομένων

title: Online store competition analysis based on the multi-criteria methodology analysis of MARKEX consumer preferences and data mining algorithms
Creators: name: Μαυροματης Ιωαννης
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2023

description: Η συγκριτική αξιολόγηση ηλεκτρονικών καταστημάτων και η εκπόνηση μελέτης ανταγωνισμού με βάση την συμπεριφορά των καταναλωτών είναι ένα από τα πιο ενδιαφέροντα θέματα. Ο συνδυασμός πολυκριτήριων μεθοδολογιών και εξόρυξης δεδομένων, αποτελούν ένα πολλά υποσχόμενο ερευνητικό πεδίο στην ανάλυση της συμπεριφοράς καταναλωτών.
Στόχος της διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι να πραγματοποιηθεί έρευνα αγοράς για την μέτρηση και ανάλυση των καταναλωτικών προτιμήσεων όσον αφορά τα ηλεκτρονικά καταστήματα (π.χ. Kotsovolos, Plaisio).
Αρχικά, θα πραγματοποιηθεί διαδικτυακή έρευνα με χρήση ερωτηματολογίου και έπειτα θα γίνει ανάλυση της συμπεριφοράς των καταναλωτών μέσω εφαρμογής της πολυκριτήριας μεθοδολογίας MARKEX, καθώς και τμηματοποίηση μέσω της ανάλυσης κριτηρίων και αλγόριθμων εξόρυξης δεδομένων (k-means, κα) για την ανάλυση ανταγωνισμού της αγοράς, τον υπολογισμό μεριδίων και την προσομοίωση της αγοράς και τέλος την επιλογή στρατηγικών για τις εμπλεκόμενες επιχειρήσεις.
Μέσα από την παρούσα διπλωματική θα προκύψουν σημαντικά συμπεράσματα που θα σχετίζονται με τον τρόπο συμπεριφοράς της εκάστοτε ομάδας καταναλωτών, καθώς και θα καθοριστούν τα κριτήρια που επηρεάζουν τις αγοραστικές επιλογές της.
title: Helicopter und Autonomy Supportive Parenting in der Emerging Adulthood
Creators: name: Steiner, Karoline
Year: 2021

description: In den letzten Jahren bestätigen Untersuchungen, dass der Erziehungsstil nicht nur für Kinder und Jugendliche, sondern auch für die Gruppe der Emerging Adults, der 18-29-Jährigen, von zentraler Bedeutung ist. Eine gute Eltern-Kind-Beziehung, die durch Autonomie gekennzeichnet ist, stellt sich in dieser Phase als besonders positiv für die Entwicklung junger Menschen heraus. Forschungen zum Helicopter Parenting, eine Erziehungsform, welche durch überkontrollierendes Verhalten der Eltern und wenig bis kaum Autonomiezugeständnis gekennzeichnet ist, stellen vor allem die negativen Folgen für die physische und psychische Gesundheit der Emerging Adults in den Vordergrund. Um spezifischere Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen, inwiefern der mütterliche Erziehungsstil (Autonomy Supportive bzw. Helicopter Parenting) mit den Persönlichkeitsfaktoren Offenheit, Verträglichkeit, soziales Risikoverhalten sowie Experience Seeking in Zusammenhang steht, wurden 413 Emerging Adults in Form einer Online-Studie befragt. Die erhobenen Daten zeigten, dass Helicopter Parenting mit einer verminderten Offenheit für Erfahrungen sowie Verträglichkeit bei Emerging Adults einhergeht, während bei Emerging Adults, die eine autonomie-gestützte Erziehung erfahren, keine signifikanten Unterschiede in Bezug auf die beiden Persönlichkeitsfaktoren gefunden werden konnten. Im Hinblick auf das soziale Risikoverhalten (z.B. unabhängig von anderen offen seine eigene Meinung äußern, mit Autoritätspersonen diskutieren etc.) ist eine mütterliche autonomiegestützte Erziehung zuträglich. Je mehr Autonomie die Emerging Adults von ihrer Mutter erfahren, desto vermehrt gehen sie soziale Risiken ein. Für das Helicopter Parenting konnten hier keine Unterschiede gefunden werden. Zudem besteht kein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen Experience Seeking, dem Streben nach neuen, intensiven Erlebnissen, und Helicopter Parenting bei Emerging Adults. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass Persönlichkeitsaspekte, die mit Autonomy Supportive bzw. Helicopter Parenting in Verbindung stehen, nicht schlichtweg als positiv oder negativ angesehen werden sollten, sondern weiterer Differenzierung bedürfen, um bessere Erkenntnisse zu Erziehungsstilen in der Emerging Adulthood zutage zu fördern.
Bounding the Cosmological Constant using Galactic Rotation Curves from the SPARC Dataset
Creators: name: Benisty, David
name: Vasak, David
name: Struckmeier, Jürgen
name: Stöcker, Horst
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark energy (and its simplest model, the Cosmological Constant or $Λ$) acts as a repulsive force that opposes gravitational attraction. Assuming galaxies maintain a steady state over extended periods, the estimated upper limit on $Λ$ studies its pushback to the attractive gravitational force of dark matter. From the SPARC dataset, we select galaxies that are best fitted by the Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) and Hernquist density models. Introducing the presence of $Λ$ in these galaxies helps to establish the upper limit on its repulsive force. This upper limit on $Λ$ is around $ρ_{\left(<Λ\right)} \sim 10^{-25}$~kg/m$^3$, only two orders of magnitude higher than the one measured by Planck. {We show that for galaxies with detectable velocities far from the galaxy core, the upper limit on $Λ$ is lower. Furthermore, we show that galaxies and other systems follow the same principle: for larger orbital periods the upper limit on $Λ$ is lower. Consequently, we address the implications for future measurements on the upper limit and the condition for detecting the impact of $Λ$ on galactic scales.
description: 9 pages; 7 figures; Modified version;