Lactarius kesiyae Verbeken & K. D. Hyde 2015, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Wisitrassameewong, Komsit
name: Nuytinck, Jorinde
name: Le, Huyen Thanh
name: Crop, Eske De
name: Hampe, Felix
name: Verbeken, Annemieke
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Basidiomycota
Agaricomycetes
Russulales
Russulaceae
Lactarius
Lactarius kesiyae

description: Lactarius kesiyae Verbeken & K.D. Hyde sp. nov. (Figure 7, 11g and 11h)   
 MycoBank number: MB811745; Facesoffungi number: FoF00638   
 Diagnosis: a medium sized species with smooth cap and glossy surface, brownish gray to brownish orange cap with grayish green tints, latex watery white turning yellow on a white handkerchief, incompletely reticulate basidiospores, protruding pleuromacrocystidia, an ixotrichoderm and association with P. kesiya.   
 Etymology: —‘kesiyae’ refers to the ectomycorrhizal tree, P. kesiya.   
 Typus: — VIETNAM, Lam Dong province, Lac Duong district, Xa Lat, Lang Biang National park, alt. 1545 m, N12º01.57 E108º25.58, 12/06/2011, KW032 (holotype, GENT!, isotype, MFLU!).   
 Basidiocarps medium-sized. Pileus 18−49 mm diam., at first convex to broadly convex, then becoming plano-convex with a more depressed disc, finally infundibuliform; surface smooth and slightly glossy, slightly sticky when moist; color darkest in immature specimens, dark blond (5D4) when young, grayish yellow (3−4C4), brownish gray (5C2), reddish blond (5C3−4) to brownish orange (5C5) when mature, in some collections with grayish green (25B4−B6) tints, color paler in dry condition, pale orange (5A3) to pale grayish orange (5B3−4); margin, paler, yellowish white (2A2), estriate when immature, later becoming striate and slightly crenulate with age. Lamellae subdecurrent to decurrent, 1−3 mm broad, crowded, with 2 series of lamellulae, pale cream to cream, to grayish orange (6B5) when bruised. Stipe 30−56 × 3−8 mm, cylindrical, centrally attached; apex becoming concolorous with lamellae, darker when moist, brownish orange (5C5), pale orange when dry. Context 3−5 mm broad in pileus, whitish, hollow in stipe; smell fruity; taste mild, a bit sweet after a while, then faintly acrid. Latex watery white, moderately abundant, unchanging on exposure, unchanging with 10% KOH, unchanging on white tissue paper, soon turning yellow on a white cotton handkerchief; taste mild to slightly astringent. Macrochemical reaction no reaction on the context with 10% KOH, but becoming brownish (5E7) to light brown (6D6) with FeSO 4 after a while.   
 Basidiospores globose to broadly ellipsoid, 6.3− 6.9−7.1 −7.8(−7.9) × 5.7− 6.1−6.3 −6.8(−7.0) μm; Q = 1.02− 1.10 −1.13 −1.19 (n=60); ornamentation amyloid, up to 1.2 μm high, composed of irregular to crenulate ridges, obtuse, forming an incomplete reticulum; isolated warts common; plage distally amyloid. Basidia 48−54 × 12−18 μm, 4-spored, clavate, with fine granules and guttate contents. Pleuromacrocystidia abundant, 54−100 × 11−16 μm, protruding up to 30 μm, irregular narrowly fusiform, slender, thin-walled, partially with granular and needle-like or guttate contents; apex mucronate, occasionally ramified. Pleuropseudocystidia abundant, 4−6 μm diam., not protruding, cylindrical to broadened at apex, tortuous. Lamellar edge heterogeneous, with basidia, cylindrical to subclavate, thin-walled marginal cells 14−28 × 6−10 μm,; cheilocystidia scarce to fairly abundant, 37−58 × 10−14 μm, slightly protruding up to 10 μm, narrowly fusiform, with mucronate apex, with granules. Lamellar trama consisting of abundant lactifers and sphaerocysts. Pileipellis an ixocutis to ixotrichoderm, covered by a thin glutinous layer; upper layer 150−200 μm thick, composed of repent to erect hyphae; subpellis composed of cylindrical and inflated hyphae with a few globose cells.   
 Habitat: gregarious or scattered on ground, in coniferous forest with P. kesiya.   
 Collections examimed: VIETNAM, Lam Dong province, Lac Duong district, Xa Lat, Lang Biang National park, alt. 1545 m, N12º01.57 E108º25.58, 12/06/2011, KW032 (holotype, GENT!, isotype, MFLU!);− ibid., 12/06/2011, KW033 (GENT!, MFLU!); − ibid., 12/06/2011, KW034 (GENT!, MFLU!);− ibid., 12/06/2011, KW035 (GENT!, MFLU!);− ibid., 12/06/2011, KW036 (GENT!, MFLU!); THAILAND, Chiang Rai province, Mae Fah Luang district, Doi Mae Salong Nok sub-district, Doi Mae Salong, N20º08.67 E99º40.17, alt. 1015 m, 15/05/2012, KW207 (GENT!, MFLU!);− ibid., 19/05/2012, KW210 (GENT!, MFLU!),−ibid., 24/05/2012, KW219 (GENT!, MFLU!);− ibid., 30/05/2012, KW224 (GENT!, MFLU!);− ibid., 13/07/2012, KW353 (GENT!, MFLU!);− ibid., 13/07/2012, AV12-022, (GENT!, MFLU!); Mae Hong Son province, coniferous forest along highway 1095, near Huai Nam Dang national park, alt. 1322 m, N19º16.07 E98º37.86, 08/07/2012, KW346 (GENT!, MFLU!); Lampang province, Muangparn district, Chaesorn sub-district, forest along highway 1252, N18º55.43 E99º23.40, alt. 1420 m, 15/06/2013, KW427 (GENT!, MFLU!).   
 Comments: Lactarius kesiyae grows in coniferous forests dominated by P. kesiya. It can be recognized by its sticky and glossy appearance in moist conditions, and its pale brownish gray to pale brownish orange color with greenish or orange to even pinkish tints on the pileus. The latex is watery white and turns yellow on a white cotton handkerchief. Microscopically, the pileipellis is an ixotrichoderm and the pleuromacrocystidia, which are up to 100 μm long in length, protrude conspicuously from the hymenium.   
 Microscopically, the sticky pileus is reflected as an ixocutis and it is not a common character for this subgenus. A sticky pileus occurs in a few temperate species such as L. decipiens, L. duplicatus, and L. badiosanguineus Kühner & Romagn. and it seems to be less common in tropical Asia. There are two tropical Asian species recorded as having a thin slime layer in the pileipellis stucture, L. austrotabidus Verbeken & E. Horak, with an ixocutis or ixotrichoderm and L. inconspicuus with an ixotrichoderm. In the field L. kesiyae could be confused with representatives of L. subg. Lactarius (syn. L. subg. Piperites (Fr.) Kauffman) on account of this surface feature which is one of the dominant characters of that subgenus. However, the overall brownish orange colors of L. kesiyae suggest it is a member of subg. Russularia.
description: Published as part of Wisitrassameewong, Komsit, Nuytinck, Jorinde, Le, Huyen Thanh, Crop, Eske De, Hampe, Felix & Verbeken, Annemieke, 2015, Lactarius subgenus Russularia (Russulaceae) in South-East Asia: 3. new diversity in Thailand and Vietnam, pp. 215-241 in Phytotaxa 207 (3) on pages 229-231, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.207.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13637261