Tromba xantha Zhang & Cong & Grishin 2023, new species
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Cong, Qian
name: Grishin, Nick V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Tromba
Tromba xantha

description: Tromba xantha Grishin, new species   
https://zoobank.org/ 8A465187-542D-43AA-B5DA-BF3B8DB19614  
(Fig. 8 part, 213–214, 454–455)  
 Definition and diagnosis. Phylogenetic trees reveal that a number of specimens identified as Tromba xanthura (Godman, 1901) (type locality in Panama) show prominent genetic differentiation from it (Fig. 8): e.g., their COI barcodes differ by 3.6% (24 bp), and therefore represent a new species. This new species keys to T. xanthura (K.14.2) in Evans (1955) but differs from it by male genitalia with deeper separation of harpe from ampulla, which is only slightly notched in T. xanthura, but in some specimens of the new species (including the holotype, Fig. 454–455) is separated by a groove, more prominent serrations towards distal end of the dorsal margin of harpe, and less bulky ventral margin on harpe near its fusion with the body of valva. Due to the cryptic nature of this species, most reliable identification is achieved by DNA and a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly 2672.7.10:C117T, aly 1295.7.1:A156T, aly133.6.8:G260A, aly4592.2.4:G73A, aly4592.2.4:A74T, and COI barcode: 49G, 238C, T340C, T367C, T640C.   
 Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-5054, GenBank OR837720, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTCGGTATTTGAGCAGGAATATTAGGAACATCGTTAAGATTATTAATTCGAACTGAATTAGGTAATCCAGGATCTTTAATT GGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACCATTGTAACAGCTCATGCCTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTAATACCTATTATAATTGGAGGTTTTGGAAATT GATTAGTACCATTAATATTAGGAGCACCAGATATAGCTTTCCCCCGAATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGAATATTACCTCCTTCATTAACTTTATTAAT CTCAAGAAGAATTGTAGAAAATGGTGCAGGAACAGGATGAACTGTTTACCCCCCTTTATCTTCTAATATTGCTCACCAAGGATCTTCAGTAGATTTA GCAATTTTTTCTCTTCATTTAGCAGGTATTTCTTCTATTTTAGGAGCAATTAATTTTATTACTACAATTATTAATATACGAATTATAAACTTATCTT TTGACCAAATACCTTTATTTGTTTGATCTGTAGGAATTACAGCTTTATTATTATTATTATCTTTACCTGTATTAGCTGGAGCTATTACAATATTACT TACTGATCGAAATTTAAATACTTCTTTTTTTGATCCTGCAGGAGGTGGAGATCCAATCTTATATCAACATTTATTT   
 Type material. Holotype: ♂ deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA (USNM), illustrated in Fig. 213–214, bears the following five rectangular labels, four white: [Paso San Juan, | V. Cruz.], [Thracides | xanthura | Godm. | comp. type.], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-5054 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], [genitalia | NVG151102-09 | Nick V. Grishin], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♂ | Tromba xantha | Grishin]. Paratypes: 3♂♂: 1♂ NVG-17111B07 Mexico: Guerrero, Ixtapa, 5-Mar-1985, Benjamin Landing leg. [LACM]; 1♂ NVG-5055 Honduras: 18 km W of La Ceiba, 17-Apr-1980 Robert D. Lehman leg., genitalia NVG151102-10 [USNM]; and 1♂ NVG-5056 Nicaragua: San Marcos, old specimen ca. 1900, Coll. Baker, genitalia NVG151102-11 [USNM].   
 Type locality. Mexico: Veracruz, Paso de San Juan.   
 Etymology. The name is derived from T.xanthura, the southern counterpart of this species. It has been shortened to indicate this is a more northern species. The name is a feminine adjective.   
 Distribution. From Mexico to Nicaragua.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, pp. 1-115 in Insecta Mundi 2023 (26) on page 86, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10396362