Cestrotus apicalis Hendel 1920
Creators: name: Li, Shi
name: Yang, Ding
name: Gaimari, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Lauxaniidae
Cestrotus
Cestrotus apicalis

description: Cestrotus apicalis (Hendel, 1920)
(Figs. 3, 10, 17, 28–32; Map 1)
Turriger apicalis Hendel, 1920: 75. Type locality: China. Taiwan: Chia–hsien–pu (as Formosa: Kosempo).
Diagnosis. Face yellow, with a pair of small brown round spots below antennae, and often with oblique dark marks in ventrolateral parts. Antennal 1st flagellomere yellow; arista short-plumose. Palpus tinged yellow. Scutellum without brown markings. All femora brown on basal 2/3; all tibiae with a subbasal and apical ring. Wing with a wide brown central area from anterior to posterior margins; often mostly hyaline in basal third; with pale brown area surrounding hyaline margin of crossvein r-m; no hyaline area surrounding crossvein mcu; hyaline distal margin of wing nearly 1/3 length of ultimate section of M1+2. Abdomen black, with grayish white pollinosity.
Description. MALE. Body length 4.0 mm, wing length 4.0 mm. FEMALE. Not measured.
Head (Fig. 3) pale yellow with dark markings. Face tinged yellow, sometimes with a pair of small brown round spots below antennae oblique dark marks in ventrolateral parts. Frons pale yellow, as long as wide and parallel-sided, with pair of black velvety triangular spots on upper part; ocellar triangle grayish black, with minute setulae between ocellar triangle and vertex. oc strong and longer than anterior or; anterior or reclinate, shorter than posterior one. Occiput tinged yellow, with brownish median stripe extending to ocellar triangle. Gena pale yellow, with a brownish reniform spot; gena + subgena about 1/2 height of eye. Antenna pale yellow except scape blackish brown; 1st flagellomere nearly 1.7 times longer than high; arista brown, shortplumose, with longest rays almost as long as 1/2 height of 1st flagellomere. Proboscis blackish brown, with yellow and slightly darker hairs; palpus tinged yellow, with black setulae.
Thorax (Fig. 10) grayish yellow pollinose over brownish ground color. Mesoscutum with wide brown U–shaped band along margin, pair of small brown suboval spots on transverse suture, pair of brown lateral spots behind suture, and a large central black trapeziform spot on posterior 1/3; 0+3 dc, acr in 3 rows (6 rows total); prsc present. 1 anepst, 1 kepst. Scutellum with ground color yellow, grayish yellow pollinose, lacking basal darkening or spots. Legs yellow, femora brown on basal 2/3, tibiae with subbasal and apical rings, and tarsomeres 3–5 brown. Fore femur with 3 pv and 4 pd, ctenidium with 12 short bristles; fore tibia with 1 preapical ad and 1 short apv. Mid femur with 6 a; mid tibia with 1 preapical ad and 2 strong apv. Hind femur with preapical ad, Hind tibia with 1 preapical ad and 1 short apv. Wing (Fig. 17) 2.0 times longer than high; predominantly brown (often mostly hyaline in basal third), with hyaline and paler brown markings; hyaline margin of crossvein r-m surrounded by paler brown area; isolated hyaline spot in brown area of cell r4+5; crossvein dm-cu not margined with hyaline spot; distal wing margin hyaline through nearly 1/3 length of ultimate section of M1+2. Costa with 2nd (between R1 and R2+3), 3rd (between R2+3 and R4+5) and 4th (between R4+5 and M1+2) sections in proportion of 1.7: 0.7: 0.5; crossvein r-m beyond middle of discal cell; ultimate and penultimate sections of M1+ 2 in proportion of 1.4: 1.8; ultimate section of CuA1 about 1/7 of penultimate. Halter pale yellow.
Abdomen black, with grayish white pollinosity. Male genitalia (Figs. 28–32): protandrium a complete ring, thinnest ventrally; epandrium slender, U-shaped in posterior view, surstylus with an incurved elongate triangular outer process, and a narrowly curved coniform inner process; cercus rounded, papillate, setose; hypandrium Y–shaped, basally without bifurcation; gonopod and paramere reduced; aedeagus in ventral view with paired trapeziform basal processes, and apically subuliform with deep incision distally, but in lateral view round and slightly curved; phallapodeme narrow, elongate, Y-shaped distally; ejaculatory apodeme small, simple.
Type material. Holotype Ψ (NHMW), Formosa [= Taiwan], Kosempo [=Chia–hsien–pu, in Kaohsiung], VI, H. Sauter [23°05’N, 120°35’E].
Other material examined. CHINA. Taiwan: 1 ɗ (USNM), Kaohsiung, Jungyang Mountains, Tengir, Endemic Species Research Institute (1700 m), 6–10. VII. 2000, Wolfgang Schacht [ca. 23°07’N, 120°47’E]; 1 ɗ (ZSMC), Yilan, Shiueshan Mountains, Fushan Botanical Garden (650 m), 7–9. V. 2001, Wolfgang Schacht et al. [ca. 24°45’N, 121°35’E]. Yunnan Province: 1 ɗ (CAUC), Baoshan City, Gaoligongshan National Natural Reserve, Baihualing (1500 m), 29. V. 2007, Xingyue Liu [25°27’N, 98°52’E].
Distribution. (Map 1) China (Taiwan, Yunnan)
Remarks. The species is similar to Cestrotus flavoscutellatus in facial markings, and antennal and palpal color, and in the general pattern on the mesoscutum, but differs by the mesoscutal spots and the trapeziform dark area posteriorly being smaller, and this trapeziform spot does not extend onto the scutellum. This species is different from all other Chinese Cestrotus in having no brown markings on the scutellum, in the wing being 2.0 times longer than high (2.5 times in all other species), in having both dark brown and pale brown wing coloration (all other species have only one shade of brown in addition to hyaline areas), and in often being mostly hyaline in the basal third of the wing. The specimen from Yunnan Province has some brown areas in the basal third of the wing (Fig. 17), while those from Taiwan were mostly hyaline basal to crossvein r-m.
description: Published as part of Li, Shi, Yang, Ding & Gaimari, Stephen D., 2009, Species of the genus Cestrotus Loew from China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae), pp. 41-68 in Zootaxa 2009 on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185763