cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A1 antagonism in asthma: Better than coffee?
Creators: name: Tilley, S.L.
name: Boucher, R.C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Adenosine is a ubiquitous biological mediator with the capacity to produce both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects in tissues. Proinflammatory and bronchoconstrictive actions of adenosine in the asthmatic lung are well recognized, with the latter being mediated, in part, through A1 receptor activation on airway smooth muscle. In this issue of the JCI, Sun et al. report findings in adenosine deaminase-deficient mice that suggest the occurrence of anti-inflammatory actions of adenosine in the lung, mediated through A1 adenosine receptors on macrophages (see the related article beginning on page 35). Here we discuss the history of the study of adenosine receptor ligands for asthma and how enhanced understanding of adenosine receptor biology may aid in the rational exploitation of these receptors as therapeutic targets.
(101786) Charles Perkins
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Structure functions of many-boson system with regard for direct three- and four-particle correlations
Creators: name: Vakarchuk, Ivan
name: Hryhorchak, Orest
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of the expression for the density matrix of interacting Bose particles in the coordinate representation with regard for the direct three- and four-particle correlations [I.O.\,\,Vakarchuk and O.I.\,\,Hryhorchak, J.\,\,Phys.\,\,Stud.\,\,\textbf{3}, 3005 (2009)], the two-, three-, and four-particle structure factors of liquid $^{4}$He in a wide temperature interval were calculated in the approximation "one sum over the wave vector".\,\,In the low-temperature limit, the expression obtained for the two-particle structure factor transforms into the well-known one.\,\,In the high-temperature limit, the expressions for the two-, three-, and four-particle structure factors are reduced to those for the ideal Bose gas.\,\,The results obtained can be applied to calculations of the thermodynamic functions of liquid $^{4}$He and to the determination of the temperature dependence of the first-sound velocity in a many-boson system.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
On a singular minimizing problem
Creators: name: Ercole, Grey
name: Pereira, Gilberto de Assis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study a minimizing problem associated with the singular problem \[ \left\{ \begin{array} [c]{ll} -\operatorname{div}\left( \left\vert \nabla u\right\vert ^{p-2}\nabla u\right) =λu^{-1} & \mathrm{in\ }Ω\\ u>0 & \mathrm{in\ }Ω\\ u=0 & \mathrm{on\ }\partialΩ, \end{array} \right. \] where $p>1$, $λ>0$ and $Ω$ is a bounded and smooth domain of $\mathbb{R}^{N}$, $N\geq2.$ A new log-Sobolev type inequality is proved and the corresponding best constant is identifyied.
description: Final version to appear in the Journal d'Analyse Math\'ematique
title: Unenhanced Computed Tomography for Normal Appendix Detection: Comparison of Low-Dose with Statistical Iterative Reconstruction and Regular-Dose with Filtered Back Projection
Creators: name: Park,  Hwi Ryong
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Outcomes
subject: Dosimetric comparison
subject: Comparative studies
subject: CT
subject: Abdomen

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: PURPOSE: To evaluate the differences in visualization of a normal appendix between regular-dose and low-dose unenhanced computed tomography (CT). INTRODUCTION Acute appendicitis is the most common abdominal emergency, and its overall lifetime risk...
Chronic airway infection/inflammation induces a Ca2+ i-dependent hyperinflammatory response in human cystic fibrosis airway epithelia
Creators: name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Perez-Vilar, J.
name: Schwab, U.
name: Ribeiro, C.M.P.
name: Jones, L.
name: Paradiso, A.M.
name: O'Neal, W.
Publisher: name: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Inc.
Year: 2005

description: Hyperinflammatory responses to infection have been postulated as a component of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Studies have united intracellular calcium (Ca2+i) mobilization with inflammatory responses in several systems. We have reported that the pro-inflammatory mediator bradykinin (BK) promotes larger Ca2+ i signals in CF compared with normal bronchial epithelia, a response that reflects endeplasmic reticulum (ER)/Ca2+ store expansion induced by chronic luminal airway infection/inflammation. The present study investigated whether CF airway epithelia were hyperinflammatory and, if so, whether the hyperinflammatory CF phenotype was united to larger Ca2+ stores in the ER. We found that ΔF508 CF bronchial epithelia were hyperinflammatory as defined by an increased basal and mucosal BK-induced interleukin (IL)-8 secretion. However, the CF hyperinflammation expressed in short-term. (6-11-day-old) primary cultures of ΔF508 bronchial epithelia was lost in long-term (30-40-day-old) primary cultures of ΔF508 bronchial epithelia, indicating this response was independent of mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Exposure of 30-40-day-old cultures of normal airway epithelia to supernatant from mucopurulent material (SMM) from CF airways reproduced the increased basal and mucosal BK-stimulated IL-8 secretion of short-term CF cultures. The BK-triggered increased IL-8 secretion in SMM-treated cultures was mediated by an increased Ca2+i mobilization consequent to an ER expansion associated with increases in protein synthesis (total, cytokines, and antimicrobial factors). The increased ER-dependent, Ca2+i-mediated hyperinflammatory epithelial response may represent a general beneficial airway epithelial adaptation to transient luminal infection. However, in CF airways, the Ca2+ i-mediated hyperinflammation may be ineffective in promoting the eradication of infection in thickened mucus and, consequently, may have adverse effects in the lung.
Symplectic Dirac Equation
Creators: name: Amorim, R. G. G.
name: Ulhoa, S. C.
name: Silva, Edilberto O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Symplectic unitary representations for the Poincaré group are studied. The formalism is based on the noncommutative structure of the star-product, and using group theory approach as a guide, a consistent physical theory in phase space is constructed. The state of a quantum mechanics system is described by a quasi-probability amplitude that is in association with the Wigner function. As a result, the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations are derived in phase space. As an application, we study the Dirac equation with electromagnetic interaction in phase space.
Cystic fibrosis airway epithelial Ca2+i signaling: The mechanism for the laeger agonist-mediated Ca2+i signals in human cystic fibrosis airway epithelia
Creators: name: Pedrosa Ribeiro, C.M.
name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Paradiso, A.M.
name: Carew, M.A.
name: Shears, S.B.
Publisher: name: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Inc.
Year: 2005

description: In cystic fibrosis (CF) airways, abnormal epithelial ion transport likely initiates mucus stasis, resulting in persistent airway infections and chronic inflammation. Mucus clearance is regulated, in part, by activation of apical membrane receptors coupled to intracellular calcium (Ca2+ i) mobilization. We have shown that Ca2+i signals resulting from apical purinoceptor (P2Y2-R) activation are increased in CF compared with normal human airway epithelia. The present study addressed the mechanism for the larger apical P2Y2-R-dependent Ca2+i signals in CF human airway epithelia. We show that the increased Ca2+i mobilization in CF was not specific to P2Y2-Rs because it was mimicked by apical bradykinin receptor activation, and it did not result from a greater number of P2Y2-R or a more efficient coupling between P2Y2-Rs and phospholipase C-generated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Rather, the larger apical P2Y 2-R activation-promoted Ca2+i signals in CF epithelia resulted from an increased density and Ca2+ storage capacity of apically confined endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores. To address whether the ER upregulation resulted from ER retention of misfolded ΔF508 CFTR or was an acquired response to chronic luminal airway infection/inflammation, three approaches were used. First, ER density was studied in normal and CF sweat duct human epithelia expressing high levels of ΔF508 CFTR, and it was found to be the same in normal and CF epithelia. Second, apical ER density was morphometrically analyzed in airway epithelia from normal subjects, ΔF508 homozygous CF patients, and a disease control, primary ciliary dyskinesia; it was found to be greater in both CF and primary ciliary dyskinesia. Third, apical ER density and P2Y2-R activation-mobilized Ca2+i, which were investigated in airway epithelia in a long term culture in the absence of luminal infection, were similar in normal and CF epithelia. To directly test whether luminal infection/inflammation triggers an up-regulation of the apically confined ER Ca2+ stores, normal airway epithelia were chronically exposed to supernatant from mucopurulent material from CF airways. Supernatant treatment expanded the apically confined ER, resulting in larger apical P2Y2-R activation-dependent Ca2+i responses, which reproduced the increased Ca2+i signals observed in CF epithelia. In conclusion, the mechanism for the larger Ca2+i signals elicited by apical P2Y2-R activation in CF airway epithelia is an expansion of the apical ER Ca2+ stores triggered by chronic luminal airway infection/inflammation. Greater ER-derived Ca2+i signals may provide a compensatory mechanism to restore, at least acutely, mucus clearance in CF airways.
Secreted and cell-associated adenylate kinase and nucleoside diphosphokinase contribute to extracellular nucleotide metabolism on human airway surfaces
Creators: name: Donaldson, S.H.
name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Picher, M.
Publisher: name: American Lung Association
Year: 2002

description: 5′-Nucleoside triphosphates (NTP) are present in the liquid covering airway surfaces and mediate important physiologic events through their interaction with P2-nucleotide receptors. Activation of airway P2Y2 receptors, for example, stimulates ciliary beat frequency, chloride/liquid secretion, and goblet cell degranulation. We, therefore, have studied the metabolic pathways that regulate the concentration of nucleotides on airway surfaces. Stimulation of submucosal gland secretion in the nose was previously found to decrease the concentration of 5′-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in nasal lavage samples due to the presence of a secreted 5′-nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase). In this study, gland secretions were further studied and found to also contain adenylate kinase (AK) and nucleoside diphosphokinase (NDPK) activities. Ecto-AK and ecto-NDPK activities were also detected in well-differentiated cultures of superficial nasal epithelia, which reflected a combination of cell-associated and released (into culture media) AK and NDPK activities. This study demonstrates that "ecto-kinases" on airway surfaces (1) emanate from different enzyme families, including both AK and NDPK; (2) are expressed at superficial epithelial surfaces and in submucosal glands; and (3) may be important regulators of nucleotide concentrations on airway surfaces.
title: Audit of UK Radiology Department communication systems for critical, urgent, and unexpected significant findings.
Creators: name: Drinkwater, Karl
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quality assurance
subject: Technology assessment
subject: Safety
subject: Audit and standards
subject: RIS
subject: PACS
subject: Computer applications

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To increase awareness of guidance on radiology results communication and of compliance with this guidance across UK departments. To give examples of varying methods and technologies which departments can put in place to facilitate...
In vivo airway surface liquid Cl- analysis with solid-state electrodes
Creators: name: Knowles, M.R.
name: Caldwell, R.A.
name: Grubb, B.R.
name: Tarran, R.
name: Barker, P.M.
name: Boucher, R.C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: The pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (CF) airways disease remains controversial. Hypotheses that link mutations in CFTR and defects in ion transport to CF lung disease predict that alterations in airway surface liquid (ASL) isotonic volume, or ion composition, are critically important. ASL [Cl-] is pivotal in discriminating between these hypotheses, but there is no consensus on this value given the difficulty in measuring [Cl-] in the "thin" ASL (∼30 μm) in vivo. Consequently, a miniaturized solid-state electrode with a shallow depth of immersion was constructed to measure ASL [Cl-] in vivo. In initial experiments, the electrode measured [Cl-] in physiologic salt solutions, small volume (7.6 μl) test solutions, and in in vitro cell culture models, with ≥93% accuracy. Based on discrepancies in reported values and/or absence of data, ASL Cl- measurements were made in the following airway regions and species. First, ASL [Cl-] was measured in normal human nasal cavity and averaged 117.3 ± 11.2 mM (n = 6). Second, ASL [Cl-] measured in large airway (tracheobronchial) regions were as follows: rabbit trachea and bronchus = 114.3 ± 1.8 mM; (n = 6) and 126.9 ± 1.7 mM; (n = 3), respectively; mouse trachea = 112.8 ± 4.2 mM (n = 13); and monkey bronchus = 112.3 ± 10.9 mM (n = 3). Third, Cl- measurements were made in small (1-2 mm) diameter airways of the rabbit (108.3 ± 7.1 mM, n = 5) and monkey (128.5 ± 6.8 mM, n = 3). The measured [Cl-], in excess of 100 mM throughout all airway regions tested in multiple species, is consistent with the isotonic volume hypothesis to describe ASL physiology.
title: Molecular subtypes of breast cancer for radiologists: what imaging findings can we expect?
Creators: name: Merino Bonilla, Jose Alberto
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Mammography
subject: Breast

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1. To present the molecular classification of breast cancer. 2. To describe how the imaging findings vary with the different molecular...
Expression and localization of epithelial aquaporins in the adult human lung
Creators: name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Kreda, S.M.
name: Gynn, M.C.
name: Gabriel, S.E.
name: Fenstermacher, D.A.
Publisher: name: American Lung Association
Year: 2001

description: Aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate water transport across epithelia and play an important role in normal physiology and disease in the human airways. We used in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence to determine the expression and cellular localization of AQPs 5, 4, and 3 in human airway sections. In nose and bronchial epithelia, AQP5 is expressed at the apical membrane of columnar cells of the superficial epithelium and submucosal gland acinar cells. AQP4 was detected in basolateral membranes in ciliated ducts and by in situ in gland acinar cells. AQP3 is present on basal cells of both superficial epithelium and gland acinus. In these regions AQPs 5, 4, and 3 are appropriately situated to permit transepithelial water permeability. In the small airways (proximal and terminal bronchioles) AQP3 distribution shifts from basal cell to surface expression (i.e., localized to the apical membrane of proximal and terminal bronchioles) and is the only AQP identified in this region of the human lung. The alveolar epithelium has all three AQPs represented, with AQP5 and AQP4 localized to type I pneumocytes and AQP3 to type II cells. This study describes an intricate network of AQP expression that mediates water transport across the human airway epithelium.
Predicting exoplanet observability in time, contrast, separation and polarization, in scattered light
Creators: name: Schworer, Guillaume
name: Tuthill, Peter G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polarimetry is one of the keys to enhanced direct imaging of exoplanets. Not only does it deliver a differential observable providing extra contrast, but when coupled with spectroscopy, it also reveals valuable information on the exoplanetary atmospheric composition. Nevertheless, angular separation and contrast ratio to the host-star make for extremely challenging observation. Producing detailed predictions for exactly how the expected signals should appear is of critical importance for the designs and observational strategies of tomorrow's telescopes. We aim at accurately determining the magnitudes and evolution of the main observational signatures for imaging an exoplanet: separation, contrast ratio to the host-star and polarization as a function of the orbital geometry and the reflectance parameters of the exoplanet. These parameters were used to construct polarized-reflectance model based on the input of orbital parameters and two albedo values. The model is able to calculate a variety of observational predictions for exoplanets at any orbital time. The inter-dependency of the three main observational criteria -separation, contrast ratio, polarization- result in a complex time-evolution of the system. They greatly affect the viability of planet observation by direct imaging. We introduce a new generic display of the main observational criteria, which enables an observer to determine whether an exoplanet is within detection limits: the Separation-POlarization-Contrast diagrams (SPOC). We explore the complex effect of orbital and albedo parameters on the visibility of an exoplanet. The code we developed is available for public use and collaborative improvement on the python package index, together with its documentation. It is another step towards a full comprehensive simulation tool for predicting and interpreting the results of future observational exoplanetary discovery campaigns.
title: The Peritoneum: Anatomy & pathological processes
Creators: name: djmel, eya
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Pathology
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Infection
subject: Education
subject: CT
subject: Anatomy
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of this educational exhibit is: ‐ -To review the normal anatomy of the peritoneal space and mesenteries ‐ -To highlight a variety of pathologies that can affect the peritoneal...
Biochemical evidence for an ecto alkaline phosphodiesterase I in human airways
Creators: name: Picher, M.
name: Boucher, R.C.
Publisher: name: American Lung Association
Year: 2000

description: Because dinucleotides are signaling molecules that can interact with cell surface receptors and regulate the rate of mucociliary clearance in lungs, we studied their metabolism by using human airway epithelial cells. A membrane-bound enzyme was detected on the mucosal surface of polarized epithelia that metabolized dinucleotides with a broad substrate specificity (diadenosine polyphosphates and diuridine polyphosphates [Up(n)U], n = 2 to 6). The enzymatic reaction yielded nucleoside monophosphates (NMP) and Np(n-1) (N = A or U), and was inhibited by nucleoside 5'-triphosphates (α,βmet adenosine triphosphate [ATP] > ATP ≥ uridine triphosphate > guanidine triphosphate > cytidine triphosphate). The apparent Michaelis constant (K(m,app)) and apparent maximal velocity (V(max,app)) for [3H]Up4U were 22 ± 4 μM and 0.24 ± 0.05 nmoles · min-1 ·cm-2, respectively. Thymidine 5'-monophosphate p-nitrophenyl ester and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose, substrates of ecto alkaline phosphodiesterase I (PDE I) activities, were also hydrolyzed by the apical surface of airway epithelia. ADP-ribose competed with [3H]Up4U, with a K(i) of 23 ± 3 μM. The metabolism of ADP-ribose and Ap4A was not affected by inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, Ro 20-1724, and 1,3-dipropyl-8-p-sulfophenylxanthine), but similarly inhibited by fluoride and N-ethylmaleimide. These results suggest that a PDE I is responsible for the hydrolysis of extracellular dinucleotides in human airways. The wide substrate specificity of PDE I suggests that it may be involved in several signaling events on the luminal surface of airway epithelia, including purinoceptor activation and cell surface protein ribosylation.
title: Prenatal screening for fetal trisomie 18 and trisomie 13 in the second trimester
Creators: name: BenSalem, Amina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Foetal imaging
subject: Obstetrics (Pregnancy / birth / postnatal period)
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Intrauterine diagnosis
subject: Foetus
subject: Genetic defects

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To determine the variety of the predominant appeal signs leading to referral and their accompanying features found during specialized ultrasound evaluation in foetuses with trisomy 13 and trisomy 18. To demonstrate interest of ultrsound and MRI...
(101787) Gaston de Castro
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
SU(3) breaking in hyperon transition vector form factors
Creators: name: Shanahan, P. E.
name: Cooke, A. N.
name: Horsley, R.
name: Nakamura, Y.
name: Rakow, P. E. L.
name: Schierholz, G.
name: Thomas, A. W.
name: Young, R. D.
name: Zanotti, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a calculation of the SU(3)-breaking corrections to the hyperon transition vector form factors to $\mathcal{O}(p^4)$ in heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory with finite-range regularisation. Both octet and decuplet degrees of freedom are included. We formulate a chiral expansion at the kinematic point $Q^2=-(M_{B_1}-M_{B_2})^2$, which can be conveniently accessed in lattice QCD. The two unknown low-energy constants at this point are constrained by lattice QCD simulation results for the $Σ^-\rightarrow n$ and $Ξ^0\rightarrow Σ^+$ transition form factors. Hence we determine lattice-informed values of $f_1$ at the physical point. This work constitutes progress towards the precise determination of $|V_{us}|$ from hyperon semileptonic decays.
Swansea Slip Bridge:Presentation to full council meeting
Creators: name: Robins, Nigel A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Swansea, Slip, Slip Bridge,Industrial Archaeology, Social History

description: This is a pdf of the presentation I gave to the full City and County of Swansea meeting in December 2007. This was in defence of the proposed destruction of the original Slip Bridge on the sea front. This presentation was created after CADW in Wales refused to accept that the Bridge and its environs were significant to the community and social history of the City of Swansea. The controlling Lib Dem councillors were hostile to any preservation measures for the Bridge and allegedly allocated the restoration funds to their own political projects, including street rebuilding to allow introduction of 'bendy-buses' which were eventually abandoned when the project was judged as ineffective. The Slip Bridge abutments remain at risk of demolition.
(101782) Roderic Swayne
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Permeabilization via the P2X7 purinoreceptor reveals the presence of a Ca2+ -activated Cl- conductance in the apical membrane of murine tracheal epithelial cells
Creators: name: Gabriel, S.E.
name: Lethem, M.I.
name: Thomas, E.J.
name: Martsen, E.
name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Makhlina, M.
Publisher: name: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Inc.
Year: 2000

description: Calcium-activated Cl- secretion is an important modulator of regulated ion transport in murine airway epithelium and is mediated by an unidentified Ca2+-stimulated Cl- channel. We have transfected immortalized murine tracheal epithelial cells with the cDNA encoding the permeabilizing P2X7 purinoreceptor (P2X7-R) to selectively permeabilize the basolateral membrane and thereby isolate the apical membrane Ca2+-activated Cl- current. In P2X7-R-permeabilized cells, we have demonstrated that UTP stimulates a Cl- current across the apical membrane of CF and normal murine tracheal epithelial cells. The magnitude of the UTP-stimulated current was significantly greater in CF than in normal cells. Ion substitution studies demonstrated that the current exhibited a permselectivity sequence of Cl- > I- > Br- > gluconate-. We have also determined a rank order of potency for putative Cl- channel blockers: niflumic acid ≥ 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid > 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate > glybenclamide >> diphenlyamine-2-carboxylate, tamoxifen, and p-tetra-sulfonato-tetra-methoxy-calix[4]arene. Complete characterization of this current and the corresponding single channel properties could lead to the development of a new therapy to correct the defective airway surface liquid in cystic fibrosis patients.
(101783) Richard Carless Swayne
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Effect of aerosolized uridine-5'-triphosphate on airway clearance with cough in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia
Creators: name: Zeman, K.L.
name: Bennett, W.D.
name: Carson, J.L.
name: King, M.
name: Noone, P.G.
name: Regnis, J.A.
name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Knowles, M.R.
Publisher: name: American Lung Association
Year: 1999

description: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic disease characterized by abnormal ciliary structure and function and impaired mucociliary clearance. Because patients with PCD use cough clearance as an airway defense mechanism, we tested the hypothesis that aerosolized uridine-5'-triphosphate (UTP) would improve clearance during cough by its actions to stimulate CI secretion and mucin release by goblet cells. We measured clearance during cough in 12 patients with PCD (ages 14 to 71 yr, FEV1 43% to 89% predicted) in a double blind, randomized, crossover study after aerosolization of a single dose of UTP (5 mg/ml, 3.5 ml) or vehicle (0.12% saline, 3.5 ml). Clearance during cough (whole lung) was quantified during and after a series of controlled coughs by measuring the clearance of [99mTc]Fe2O3 particles via gamma camera scanning over 120 min. Safety parameters were recorded during and after drug delivery. Aerosolized UTP improved whole-lung clearance during cough as compared with vehicle (from 0 to 60 min: 0.40 ± 0.07%/min [UTP] versus 0.26 ± 0.04%/min [vehicle] [mean ± SEMI, p = 0.01), and from 0 to 120 min: 0.38 ± 0.05%/min [UTP] versus 0.25 ± 0.04%/min [vehicle], p = 0.02), Aerosolized UTP is safe, with no serious adverse effects. Whole-lung clearance during cough in patients with defective ciliary function is enhanced after inhalation of UTP.
Quantitation and localization of ENaC subunit expression in fetal, newborn, and adult mouse lung
Creators: name: Fenstermacher, D.A.
name: Talbot, C.L.
name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Gabriel, S.E.
name: Briley, E.L.
name: Barker, P.M.
name: Bosworth, D.G.
Publisher: name: American Lung Association
Year: 1999

description: The newborn lung is cleared of fetal liquid by active Na+ transport. The heterotrimeric (α, β, γ) epithelial Na+ channel, ENaC, mediates this process. To understand the role of individual ENaC subunits in Na+ transport during development, we quantified murine ENaC (mENaC) subunit messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of fetal, neonatal, and adult mouse lung by Northern blot analysis and studied regional expression by in situ hybridization. αmENaC and γmENaC mRNA expression increased sharply in late fetal gestation and reached near-adult levels by Day 1 of postnatal life. βmENaC expression increased more gradually through late fetal and early postnatal life and increased progressively until adulthood. In situ hybridization studies showed similar localization patterns of αmENaC and γmENaC subunit expression in fetal and postnatal lung. γmENaC and αmENaC subunits were initially localized to fetal lung bud tubules and by late gestation both subunits were expressed in all regions (acinar and bronchiolar) of the distal lung epithelium. βmENaC was detected from 16 d gestation onward and was expressed most intensely in small airways. There was little expression of βmENaC in the alveolar region. In postnatal lung all three subunits were expressed intensely in small airways. In adult lung, αmENaC and γmENaC were expressed in a pattern consistent with an alveolar type II (ATII) cell distribution. The timing of quantitative changes in mENaC subunit expression is consistent with a role of Na+ transport in liquid clearance of the perinatal lung. Intense expression of mENaC subunits in medium and small airway epithelium and in ATII cells suggests that these regions are a primary location for liquid absorption in the perinatal and post-natal murine lung.
(101779) Edgar John Swayne
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Pulmonary epithelial sodium-channel dysfunction and excess airway liquid in pseudohypoaldosteronism
Creators: name: Homolya, V.
name: Nash, M.
name: Quittell, L.
name: Knowles, M.R.
name: Boucher, R.
name: MacLaughlin, E.
name: Hanukoglu, A.
name: Barker, P.
name: Zhou, Z.
name: Hofmann, T.
name: Keenan, B.
name: Bennett, W.
name: Kerem, E.
name: Bistritzer, T.
Publisher: name: Massachussetts Medical Society
Year: 1999

description: Background: Active sodium absorption is the dominant mechanism of ion transport in airway epithelium, but its role in pulmonary physiology and airway host defense is unknown. To address this question, we studied the function of airway epithelial cells and determined the frequency of pulmonary symptoms in patients with systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism, a salt-losing disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the genes for the epithelial sodium channel. Methods: In nine patients 1.5 to 22 years of age who had systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism, we tested for mutations in the genes for the epithelial sodium channel, estimated the rate of sodium transport in the airway, determined the volume and ion composition of airway surface liquid, reviewed clinical features, collected laboratory data pertinent to pulmonary function, and, in three adults, measured mucociliary clearance. Results: The patients with systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism had loss-of-function mutations in the genes for the epithelial sodium-channel subunits, no sodium absorption from airway surfaces, and a volume of airway surface liquid that was more than twice the normal value. The mean (±SE) mucociliary transport rate was higher in the 3 adult patients than in 12 normal subjects (2.0 ± 0.7 vs. 0.5 ± 0.3 percent per minute, P = 0.009). Young patients (those five years of age or less) all had recurrent episodes of chest congestion, coughing, and wheezing, but no airway infections with Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Older patients (those more than five years of age) had less frequent respiratory symptoms. Conclusions: Patients with systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism fail to absorb liquid from airway surfaces; the result is an increased volume of liquid in the airways. These results demonstrate that sodium transport has a role in regulating the volume of liquid on airway surfaces.
(101781) George Gunning
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Failures of weak approximation in families
Creators: name: Bright, M.
name: Browning, T. D.
name: Loughran, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14G05 (Primary), 11G35, 11N36, 12G05, 14D10, 14F22 (Secondary)

description: Given a family of varieties $X\to \mathbb{P}^n$ over a number field $k$, we determine conditions under which there is a Brauer-Manin obstruction to weak approximation for $100\%$ of the fibres which are everywhere locally soluble.
description: 44 pages; there is a new application to integral points (Theorem 1.4) and Cor 1.5 recovers a well-known result concerning the Hasse principle
Yes-associated protein 65 localizes p62(c-Yes) to the apical compartment of airway epithelia by association with EBP50
Creators: name: Stutts, M.J.
name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Sudol, M.
name: Milgram, S.L.
name: Kreda, S.M.
name: Mohler, P.J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: We recently showed that the COOH terminus of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator associates with the submembranous scaffolding protein EBP50 (ERM-binding phosphoprotein 50 kD; also called Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor). Since EBP50 associates with ezrin, this interaction links the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) to the cortical actin cytoskeleton. EBP50 has two PDZ domains, and CFTR binds with high affinity to the first PDZ domain. Here, we report that Yes-associated protein 65 (YAP65) binds with high affinity to the second EBP50 PDZ domain. YAP65 is concentrated at the apical membrane in airway epithelia and interacts with EBP50 in cells. The COOH terminus of YAP65 is necessary and sufficient to mediate association with EBP50. The EBP50-YAP65 interaction is involved in the compartmentalization of YAP65 at the apical membrane since mutant YAP65 proteins lacking the EBP50 interaction motif are mislocalized when expressed in airway epithelial cells: In addition, we show that the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Yes is contained within EBP50 protein complexes by association with YAP65. Subapical EBP50 protein complexes, containing the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Yes, may regulate apical signal transduction pathways leading to changes in ion transport, cytoskeletal organization, or gene expression in epithelial cells.
Initial value problem for magnetic field in heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Tuchin, Kirill
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When quark-gluon plasma emerges in the wake of a heavy-ion collision, magnetic field created by the valence charges has already permitted the entire interaction region. Evolution of this "initial" field in plasma is governed by Maxwell equations in electrically conducting medium. As the plasma expands external valence charges induce magnetic field that also contributes to the total magnetic field in plasma. We solve the initial value problem describing these processes and argue that the initial magnetic field often dominates over the one induced by the valence charges. In particular, it grows approximately proportional to the collision energy, unlike the induced component, which is energy-independent. As a result, magnetic field has a significant phenomenological influence on quark-gluon plasma at the LHC energies over its entire lifetime.
description: 13 pages
Role of γENaC subunit in lung liquid clearance and electrolyte balance in newborn mice: Insights into perinatal adaptation and pseudohypoaldosteronism
Creators: name: Barker, P.M.
name: Nguyen, M.S.
name: Koller, B.
name: Gatzy, J.T.
name: Hummler, E.
name: Grubb, B.
name: Norman, H.
name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Rossier, B.
Publisher: name: Rockefeller University Press
Year: 1998

description: Genetic evidence supports a critical role for the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in both clearance of fetal lung liquid at birth and total body electrolyte homeostasis. Evidence from heterologous expression systems suggests that expression of the αENaC subunit is essential for channel function, whereas residual channel function can be measured in the absence of β or γ subunits. We generated mice without γENaC (γENaC (-/-)) to test the role of this subunit in neonatal lung liquid clearance and total body electrolyte balance. Relative to controls, γENaC (-/-) pups showed low urinary [K+] and high urinary [Na+] and died between 24 and 36 h, probably from hyperkalemia (γENaC -/- 18.3 mEq/l, control littermates 9.7 mEq/l). Newborn γENaC (-/-) mice cleared lung liquid more slowly than control littermates, but lung water at 12 h (wet/dry = 5.5) was nearly normal (wet/dry = 5.3). This study suggests that γENaC facilitates neonatal lung liquid clearance and is critical for renal Na+ and K+ transport, and that low level Na+ transport may be sufficient for perinatal lung liquid absorption but insufficient to maintain electrolyte balance by the distal nephron. The γENaC (-/-) newborn exhibits a phenotype that resembles the clinical manifestations of human neonatal PHA1.
title: Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence, Not Only Vestibular Symptoms.
Creators: name: Garcia Correa, Ana Maria
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fistula
subject: Education and training
subject: Developmental disease
subject: Education
subject: MR
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: CT
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Ear / Nose / Throat
subject: Bones

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To describe CT and MR findings of Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence (SSCD) associated to Tegmen Tympani Defect (TTD) and encephalocele in patients studied for conductive hearing...
Constraints from precision measurements on the hadron-molecule interpretation of X,Y,Z resonances
Creators: name: Polosa, AD
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The precise measurement of binding energy, total width and DDpi branching fraction, constrains, in a model independent way, the loosely bound hadron molecule interpretation of X(3872). A full discernment is not yet possible on the basis of present data. Similar considerations might be extended to all those Y,Z resonances susceptible of a molecular description.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
title: Practical Course of the First Foreign English. Tests
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Южно-Уральский технологический университет
Year: 2022

description: Учебное пособие «Practical Course of the First Foreign English. Tests.» по дисциплине «Практический курс первого иностранного языка» предназначено для реализации Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования по направлению подготовки 45.03.02 Лингвистика, является единым для всех форм и сроков обучения и направлено на формирование универсальных, общепрофессиональных и профессиональных компетенций.
(101777) Joseph Quicke Swayne
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Minimizing the misses: breast cancers missed on Digital Mammography but depicted on Contrast Enhanced Spectral Mammography (CESM)
Creators: name: Gkali, Christina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Mammography
subject: Contrast agent-other
subject: Cancer

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of our educational exhibit is: 1) to explain the common reasons for missed breast cancers on digital mammography, 2) to present and discuss the role of contrast enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) in depicting missed breast cancers on...
A Survey of Arabic Dialogues Understanding for Spontaneous Dialogues and Instant Message
Creators: name: Elmadany, AbdelRahim A.
name: Abdou, Sherif M.
name: Gheith, Mervat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Building dialogues systems interaction has recently gained considerable attention, but most of the resources and systems built so far are tailored to English and other Indo-European languages. The need for designing systems for other languages is increasing such as Arabic language. For this reasons, there are more interest for Arabic dialogue acts classification task because it a key player in Arabic language understanding to building this systems. This paper surveys different techniques for dialogue acts classification for Arabic. We describe the main existing techniques for utterances segmentations and classification, annotation schemas, and test corpora for Arabic dialogues understanding that have introduced in the literature
Intrabeam Scattering and the Coasting Beam in the HERA Proton Ring
Creators: name: Zorzano, M. P.
name: Wanzenberg, R.
name: DESY
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2000

description: DESY-HERA-Report (2000).
The Valence-Fluctuating Ground State of Plutonium
Creators: name: Janoschek, M.
name: Das, Pinaki
name: Chakrabarti, B.
name: Abernathy, D. L.
name: Lumsden, M. D.
name: Lawrence, J. M.
name: Thompson, J. D.
name: Lander, G. H.
name: Mitchell, J. N.
name: Richmond, S.
name: Ramos, M.
name: Trouw, F.
name: Zhu, J. -X.
name: Haule, K.
name: Kotliar, G.
name: Bauer, E. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A central issue in material science is to obtain understanding of the electronic correlations that control complex materials. Such electronic correlations frequently arise due to the competition of localized and itinerant electronic degrees of freedom. While the respective limits of well-localized or entirely itinerant ground states are well-understood, the intermediate regime that controls the functional properties of complex materials continues to challenge theoretical understanding. We have used neutron spectroscopy to investigate plutonium, which is a prototypical material at the brink between bonding and non-bonding configurations. Our study reveals that the ground state of plutonium is governed by valence fluctuations, that is, a quantum-mechanical superposition of localized and itinerant electronic configurations as recently predicted by dynamical mean field theory. Our results not only resolve the long-standing controversy between experiment and theory on plutonium's magnetism, but also suggest an improved understanding of the effects of such electronic dichotomy in complex materials.
description: 29 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, supplementary materials