Neolindus Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1219
Creators: name: Guzman, Yoan Camilo
name: Tokareva, Alexandra
name: Koszela, Katarzyna
name: Żyła, Dagmara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Neolindus

description: Genus Neolindus Scheerpeltz, 1933
Figs 1–24; Supp. file 1, Supp. file 2
Neolindus Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1219. Originally described as Lindus Sharp, 1876 (preoccupied; replaced with the name Neolindus by Scheerpeltz, 1933).
Neolindus – Blackwelder 1939: 120 (note on the type species); 1944: 122 (checklist of species, South America); 1952: 259 (note on the type species). — Fagel 1958: 9 (redescription; note on the type species). — Irmler 1981: 209 (new species and key to species); 2011: 103–107 (species descriptions). — Herman 1991: 33–82 (revision of subtribe, redescription, key to species, species descriptions). — Asenjo 2011: 57–67 (new record, species descriptions, key to males). — Assing 2012: 291–297 (species descriptions).
Type species
Neolindus religans (Sharp, 1876), designated by monotypy.
Diagnosis (modified from Herman 1991)
Neolindus is distinguished from all Paederinae genera due to the following combination of characters: head with 1 (Fig. 2A–B) or 2 pairs of trichobothria (Fig. 2C–D); maxillary palpomere 4 nipple-shaped (Supp. file 1, Supp. file 2); mesothoracic peritreme small; 1 pair of paratergites on segment III present; paratergites absent on segments IV–VIII; tergite and sternite IV–VI fused into cylinder (Figs 4–24A).
Redescription
COLOURATION. Head, pronotum and abdomen from light or dark brown to black, abdominal intersegmental membrane light brown, only in some species darker (e.g., Neolindus maya Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov. and N. parahermani Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.); appendages brown, sometimes lighter than body.
HEAD. Head capsule in most species wider than long, shape square to trapezoidal; mandibular articulation rounded and prominent; posterior margin of head rounded to straight, slightly emarginate in front of neck; posterior angles of head rounded to straight, often with distinct dorsal ridge with setae; neck about ¼ to ⅓ width of head, dorsal surface with transverse groove, foramen magnum width up to ½ or ⅔ of occiput, with 2 round, anteriorly joined, lateral pits in ventral view. Eye without setae between ommatidia, shorter than or equal to temple length, covering majority of lateral side of head in some species. Epicranium shiny, convex, without microsculpture; setation with 1 pair of SAS and IOS arranged in square, with or without OS and FS, with 1–3 PFS arranged in parallel row to PMS in head lateral part (Fig. 1). Gena with lateral margin expanded (Figs 1, 2A–F), setation with MS, POS, PTOS, and 1 or 2 pairs of trichobothria (OT, or OT and POT); if 2 pairs of trichobothria, then sockets of POT more oval and elongate (Fig. 2C–D). Ventral side of head with IFOS and POCS; anterior part of gula with 1 or 2 setae in species with small body (up to and including 10 mm) size or 1 row of 6–8 irregular setae in species with large body size (more than 10 mm); gular sutures wide apart; postgena with 1 row of 2–5 setae in line from eye to gular suture (Supp. file 2). Antenna with antennomere 1 either as long as combined length of antennomeres 2 and 3, or extending as far as combined length of antenomeres 2–4. Labrum bilobed or with multiple lobes, with 3 pairs of setae on anterior margin. Mandibula long, slender, sickle-shaped, adentate, prostheca as membranous lobe. Maxilla (Supp. file 1) with row of 4 dark setae on outer margin of stipes; cardo with 1 seta; galea with thick and dark setae on outer margin; lacinia with additional sclerotisation on outer margin. Maxillary palpus with palpomere 1 slightly broadened at tip, glabrous; palpomere 2 elongate, shorter or as long as 3, slightly broadened at tip, with scattered setae; palpomere 3 rounded, expanding near middle, then narrowing toward tip, with denser setation than palpomere 2; palpomere 4 minute, nipple-like and small, glabrous. Ligula bilobed, lobes separate; mentum and submentum each with 1 pair of setae. Labial palpus with palpomere 1 shorter than 2, palpomere 2 longer than 3; palpomere 1 and 2 almost same width; palpomere 2 wider than 3.
THORAX. Pronotum nearly quadrate in most species, widest at middle, without microsculpture; anterior margin slightly convex, angles round; lateral margin smooth, without stout setae; posterior margin with rounded angles, slightly emarginate. Prosternum with superior marginal line parallel to anterior margin, not deflexed; pronotosternal suture present, poorly developed near coxal cavity and absent anteriorly (Supp. file 2); basisternum triangular with longitudinal ridge; furcasternum broad, well separated from hypomeron, triangular, with longitudinal ridge in middle. Hypomeron with postcoxal process with additional parallel carina along its margin. Procoxal cavity opened posteriorly. Prepectus longitudinally elongate, with umbilicate punctures on lateral side. Mesosternum, basisternum pentagonal, with acute angle producing between coxa; tuberculate micropunctuation sparse; longitudinal ridge not extended to anterior margin; transversal carina and sternopleural sutures elevated; furcasternum with longitudinal ridge; mesanepisternum smooth, transversely convex. Metasternum with scattered umbilicate micropunctuation; metanepisternum with 2 elevated longitudinal ridges. Mesothoracic peritremes small. Scutellum with 2 emarginate transversal ridges, impunctate. Elytron longer than wide; epipleural and additional ridge present; apical margin emarginate; apical angle rounded; dorsal surface with highly to moderately dense umbilicate micropunctures forming 5–8 longitudinal rows.
LEGS. Procoxa longer than wide; profemur 3 times as long as wide; protibia with 3–5 well-developed combs of setae on ventral side; protarsomeres 1–4 wider than long, wider than apex of tibia, with long adhesive setae on ventral side and short dense setae between each other; mesocoxa longer than wide;
mesofemur 3 times as long as wide; mesotibia with apical ctenidium on both sides in most species, and metatibia with apical ctenidium on both sides in all species; metacoxa longer than wide; metafemur 3 times as long as wide; mesotarsomeres and metatarsomeres 1, 2, and 5 longer than 3 and 4; mesotrasomeres and metatarsomeres 3 and 4 subequal.
ABDOMEN. Surface without microsculpture, micropunctures varying in density from high to low, arranged randomly. Sternite II narrow and fused to sternite III; posterior margin of sternite II with row of setae. Sternite III with central longitudinal keel. Segment III with 1 pair of paratergites. Segments III–VI with straight posterior margin. Segments IV–VI with fused tergite and sternite forming cylinder. Abdominal segments III–IX sometimes with internal canals at base of sternite and tergite. Tergite IX with straight apices, fused or divided medially. No glandular openings in intersegmental membranes. Males: segment VII and VIII with tergite and sternite separate, posterior margin of various form, varies between species; aedeagus, median lobe oval to triangular, basal foramen acentric, near to base of median lobe, with asymmetrical appendages; some species with complex of movable sclerites at apex around opening of median foramen. Females: usually lack of emargination on abdominal segments VII and VIII, sometimes present, but shallow, always shallower than in respective male.
Distribution and habitat
Neolindus can be found in various localities across South and Central America. Central America ranges from south of Mexico in Chiapas, to Panama, including records from Honduras, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua. In South America, Neolindus is known from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Suriname, Guyana, and French Guiana, with the Bolivian department Pando being the southernmost occurrence (Fig. 3). Species of Neolindus are typically found in forest leaf litter at altitudes ranging from 2 (N. utriensis Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.) to 2900 m a.s.l. (N. campbelli Herman, 1991).
Key to males of species of Neolindus Scheerpeltz, 1933
The identification of species of Neolindus mainly relies on features of the aedeagus, while females remain unknown for most of the described species of Neolindus. Therefore, the key is adapted only for male specimens identification and is modified from Asenjo (2011). The Peruvian species N. amazonicus Irmler, 1981, N. hanagarthi Irmler, 1981, and N. peruvianus Irmler, 1981 are excluded from the key because they are known only from females.
1. Head with 1 pair of trichobothria (Fig. 2A–B) ................................................................................. 2
– Head with 2 pairs of trichobothria (Fig. 2C–D) ............................................................................. 45
2. Head, epicranium with clusters of mid-tapered fusiform setae (Fig. 2E–G) ...................................... ................................................................... N. pseudosensillaris Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.
– Head, epicranium without clusters of mid-tapered fusiform setae ................................................... 3
3. Pronotum longer than wide (Fig. 14A) ............................................................................................. 4
– Pronotum wider than long (Fig. 8A) or almost as wide as long (quadrate) (Fig. 5A) .................... 13
4. Tergite VIII with posterior margin round or truncate (Figs 5D, 12D) .............................................. 5
– Tergite VIII with posterior margin emarginate (Figs 6D, 8D) ........................................................ 10
5. Antenna, antennomeres 3–11 combined longer than head, moniliform, flagellum wider at apex (antennomeres 9–11); body longer than 3 mm ................................................................................. 6
– Antenna, antennomeres 3–11 combined shorter than head, discoid, flagellum widest at the middle; body shorter than 3 mm ........................................... N. minutus Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.
6. Antenna, tomentose pubescence starting from antennomere 3 ................ N. verhaaghi Irmler, 2011
– Antenna, tomentose pubescence starting from antennomere 4 or 5 ................................................. 7
7. Antenna, tomentose pubescence starting from antennomere 4 ........................................................ 8
– Antenna, tomentose pubescence starting from antennomere 5 ........................................................ 9
8. Tergite VIII with posterior margin rounded and without internal canals at base (Herman 1991: fig. 122), tergite III without paratergites; aedeagus, parameral view, apex of median lobe pointed (Herman 1991: fig. 119) ........................................................................... N. incanalis Herman, 1991
– Tergite VIII with posterior margin truncate and internal canals at base (Herman 1991: fig. 140), tergite III with 1 pair of paratergites; aedeagus, parameral view, apex of meadian lobe with emargination (Herman 1991: fig. 141) ............................................................... N. cephalochymus Herman, 1991
9. Tergite VIII with posterior margin rounded (Herman 1991: fig. 127) ................................................ ............................................................................................................... N. brewsterae Herman, 1991
– Tergite VIII with posterior margin sinuate with straigh lateral angles (Herman 1991: fig. 144) ....... ........................................................................................................................ N. agilis Herman, 1991
10. Head without midlongitudinal carina at anterior margin .................................................................11
– Head with midlongitudinal carina at anterior margin ..................................................................... 12
11. Antenna, antennomere 2 longer than 3, tomentose pubescence starting from antennomere 5 ........... ..................................................................................................................... N. densus Herman, 1991
– Antenna, antennomere 2 shorter than 3, tomentose pubescence starting from antennomere 4 .......... ........................................................................................................... N. punctiventris Herman, 1991
12. Body length about 9 mm; tergite VIII with moderately deeply emarginate posterior margin (Herman 1991: fig. 159) ............................................................................................. N. retusus Herman, 1991
– Body length about 6 mm; tergite VIII with shallowly emarginate posterior margin (Herman 1991: fig. 165) .............................................................................................. N. procarinatus Herman, 1991
13. Pronotum wider than long .............................................................................................................. 14
– Pronotum almost as wide as long (quadrate) .................................................................................. 37
14. Tergite VIII with posterior margin rounded or truncate (Herman 1991: figs 178, 215) ................. 15
– Tergite VIII with posterior margin with 1–3 protruding processes (Herman 1991: figs 157, 203, 106) ................................................................................................................................................. 22
15. Tergite IX with base fused medially (Herman 1991: fig. 180) ....................................................... 16
– Tergite IX with base divided medially (Herman 1991: fig. 171) .................................................... 17
16. Antenna, antennomere 2 longer than 3 .................................................... N. cuneatus Herman, 1991
– Antenna, antennomere 2 shorter than 3 ....................................................... N. milleri Herman, 1991
17. Antenna, tomentose pubescence starting from antennomere 3; aedeagus, parameral view, median foramen with sclerites hidden (Herman 1991: fig. 170) ................................................................. 18
– Antenna, tomentose pubescence from antennomere 4; aedeagus, parameral view, median foramen with sclerites exposed (Herman 1991: fig. 214) ............................................................................. 19
18. Aedeagus, parameral view, median lobe with median apical carina (Herman 1991: fig. 170) .......... ................................................................................................................. N. campbelli Herman, 1991
– Aedeagus, parameral view, median lobe without median apical carina (Herman 1991: fig. 174) ..... ................................................................................................................... N. apiculus Herman, 1991
19. Antenna, antennomere 2 shorter than 3; tergite VIII with posterior margin rounded (Herman 1991: fig. 183) or with 3 protruding processes (Herman 1991: fig. 117); aedeagus, parameral view, without median invagination (Herman 1991: fig. 186) ................................................................................ 20
– Antenna, antennomere 2 and 3 subequal in length; tergite VIII with posterior margin truncate (Herman 1991: fig. 215); aedeagus, parameral view, with median invagination (Herman 1991: fig. 214) ....... ................................................................................................................. N. dichymus Herman, 1991
20. Tergite VIII, posterior margin rounded (Herman 1991: fig. 183) ................................................... 21
– Tergite VIII, posterior margin with 3 acute processes (Fig. 6D) ........................................................ ............................................................................ N. longithorax Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.
21. Aedeagus, parameral view, setae absent (Herman 1991: fig. 186) ............... N. lodhii Herman, 1991
– Aedeagus, parameral view, setae present (Herman 1991: fig. 198) ................................................ 22
22. Sternite VIII with shallow rectangular emargination; emargination about 1/15 of length of sternite VIII (Herman 1991: fig. 199) .................................................................... N. sinuatus Herman, 1991
– Sternite VIII with deep emargination; emargination about 1/5 of length of sternite VIII (Herman 1991: fig. 195) .................................................................................... N. basisinuatus Herman, 1991
23. Aedeagus, parameral view, median invagination absent (Herman 1991: fig. 156) ........................ 24
– Aedeagus, parameral view, median invagination present (Herman 1991: fig. 210) ....................... 27
24. Antenna, antennomere 2 longer than 3; gula, anterior margin with 2 setae between gular sutures ... ......................................................................................................................................................... 25
– Antenna, antennomere 2 shorter than 3; gula, anterior margin with more than 2 setae between gular sutures ............................................................................................................................................. 26
25. Tergite VIII, posterior margin with 1 central protruding process and central basal canals with longitudinal extended carinae (Herman 1991: fig. 203); tergite IX, base divided medially (Herman 1991: fig. 201) .......................................................................................... N. unilobus Herman, 1991
– Tergite VIII, posterior margin emarginated and central basal canals without longitudinal extended carinae (Herman 1991: fig. 157); tergite IX, base fused medially (Herman 1991: fig. 155) .............. ...................................................................................................................... N. bullus Herman, 1991
26. Antenna, antennomere 9 longer than 10, tomentose pubescence starting from antennomere 3; tergite VIII, central basal canals without longitudinal extended carinae (Irmler 2011: fig. 2f) (Irmler 2011: fig. 2a) ................................................................................................ N. pastazae Irmler, 2011
– Antenna, antennomere 9 and 10 subequal in length, tomentose pubescence starting from antennomere 4; tergite VIII, central basal canals with longitudinal carinae extended and joining medially at the tip (Herman 1991: fig. 206) .................................................................. N. punctogularis Herman, 1991
27. Tergite VIII, central basal canals with longitudinal extended carinae not joined (Herman 1991: fig. 221) ........................................................................................................................................... 28
– Tergite VIII, central basal canals with longitudinal extended carinae and joined medially (Asenjo 2011: fig. 6) ..................................................................................................................................... 29
28. Antenna, antennomere 2 and 3 subequal in length; gula, anterior margin with 2 setae between gular sutures .......................................................................................................... N. bidens Herman, 1991
– Antenna, antennomere 2 shorter than 3; gula, anterior margin with 4 setae between gular sutures .. .................................................................................................................... N. schubarti Irmler, 1981
29. Sternite VIII not divided (Asenjo 2011: fig. 14) ............................................................................. 30
– Sternite VIII divided into 3 plates (Asenjo 2011: fig. 7) .............................. N. irmleri Asenjo, 2011
30. Antenna, antennomere 9 longer than 10; gula, anterior margin with more than 2 setae between gular sutures ............................................................................................................................................. 31
– Antenna, antennomeres 9 and 10 subequal in length; gula, anterior margin with 2 setae between gular sutures ............................................................................................... N. religans (Sharp, 1876)
31. Antenna, tomentose pubescense starting from antennomere 3 ....................................................... 32
– Antenna, tomentose pubescense starting from antennomere 4 ....................................................... 33
32. Tergite VIII, posterior margin with 3 acute protruded processes, median processes forming blunt angle (> 90°) (Asenjo 2011: fig. 13); aedeagus in parameral view fusiform; without setae on sides of median invagination (Asenjo 2011: fig. 9) ................................................ N. hermani Asenjo, 2011
– Tergite VIII, posterior margin with 3 acute protruded processes, median processes most protruded, pointed at acute angle (<90°) (Fig. 23D); aedeagus in parameral view rhombus-shape; with setae on sides of median invagination (Fig. 23F–G) ............... N. volkeri Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.
33. Sternite VII, posterior margin with median emargination bordered by 2 processes (Herman 1991: fig. 101) ........................................................................................................................................... 34
– Sternite VII, posterior margin with median emargination, without processes (Fig. 8C) .................... ....................................................................................... N. maya Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.
34. Sternite VII, posterior margin with a median emargination bordered by 2 blunt processes (Fig. 11C) ...................................................................... N. niger Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.
– Sternite VII, posterior margin with a median emargination bordered by 2 acute processes (Fig. 13C) ........................................................................................................................................ 35
35. Aedeagus, parameral view, median lobe widest closer to apex than to base; pPMS apical arms bifurcate on top; pLS with microsculpture (Fig. 13F–I) ..................................................................... .......................................................................... N. parahermani Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.
– Aedeagus, parameral view, median lobe widest closer to base; pPMS apical arms without bifurcation on top; pLS without distinct microsculpture (Figs 16F–I, 22F–I) .................................................. 36
36. Aedeagus, parameral view, pPMS, basal arms wide, shorter than apical arms (Fig. 22F–I) .............. ................................................................................. N. utriensis Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.
– Aedeagus, parameral view, pPMS, basal arms narrow, as long as apical arms (Fig. 16F–I) ............. .......................................................................... N. parautriensis Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.
37. Tergite VIII, posterior margin round (Fig. 15D) ............................................................................. 38
– Tergite VIII, posterior margin with 1 wide process, protruding or truncate (Herman 1991: fig. 194; Figs 18D, 22D) ............................................................................................................................... 42
38. Sternite VIII, posterior margin with shallow, rectangular emargination (Fig. 15D); tergite IX divided ............................................................. N. parasinuatus Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.
– Sternite VIII, posterior margin with deep V-shaped emargination; tergite IX fused ...................... 39
39. Aedeagus, parameral view, pPMS with multiple denticles on top (Fig. 5F–G) ................................. ................................................................................... N. elegans Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.
– Aedeagus, parameral view, pPMS without denticles on top ........................................................... 40
40. Aedeagus, parameral view, APS sclerotised, continuous area with pair of arms ........................... 41
– Aedeagus, parameral view, APS partially membranous, divided (Fig. 21F–G) ................................. ................................................................................ N. tropicalis Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.
41. Aedeagus, lateral view, large apical sclerites expanded beyond median foramen and folded towards parameral side, with pair of processes with truncate tips (Fig. 7H–I) ................................................ ................................................................................ N. luxipenis Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.
– Aedeagus, lateral view, large apical sclerites expanded beyond median foramen and folded towards parameral side, with pair of processes with acute tips (Fig. 10H–I) .................................................. ....................................................................................... N. napo Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.
42. Tergite VIII, posterior margin truncate (Fig. 12D) ... N. ornatus Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.
– Tergite VIII, posterior margin with 1 wide protruding process (Figs 4D, 13D, 16D, 18D) ........... 43
43. Aedeagus, parameral view, APS reduced, without processes, pLS longer than pPMS .................. 44
– Aedeagus, parameral view, APS developed, with 2 processes, pLS shorter than pPMS (Fig. 18F–G) ................................................................................................... N. sauron Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.
44. Aedeagus, parameral view, median lobe of triangular shape, tapering towards acute base, basal foramen oval (Fig. 20F–G) ................................ N. triangularis Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.
– Aedeagus, parameral view, median lobe of another shape, base blunt, basal foramen triangular (Fig. 4F–G) .............................................................. N. bicornis Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.
45. Tergite VIII, posterior margin rounded (Herman 1991: fig. 82) ..................................................... 46
– Tergite VIII, posterior margin emarginate, or with 3 protruding processes (Herman 1991: figs 109, 117) ................................................................................................................................................. 53
46. Aedeagus, parameral view, apex of median lobe pointed (Herman 1991: fig. 81) ......................... 47
– Aedeagus, parameral view, apex of median lobe emarginate (Herman 1991: fig. 85) ................... 50
47. Sternite VIII, posterior margin of emargination with elevated base (Fig. 14E) ................................. ........................................................................... N. paraplectrus Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.
– Sternite VIII, posterior margin of emargination without elevated base .......................................... 48
48. Sternite VIII, carina of basal central canals unmodified (Herman 1991: fig. 80) ............................... .................................................................................................................... N. plectrus Herman, 1991
– Sternite VIII, carina of basal central canals bifurcated (Herman 1991: fig. 92) ............................. 49
49. Aedeagus, parameral view, lack of transversal carina or process (Herman 1991: fig. 105) ............... ................................................................................................................. N. rudiculus Herman, 1991
– Aedeagus, parameral view, transversal carina or process present (Herman 1991: fig. 93) ................ ............................................................................................................... N. pumicosus Herman, 1991
50. Antenna, antennomere 2 longer than 3 ........................................................................................... 51
– Antenna, antennomere 2 and 3 subequal in length ......................................................................... 52
51. Sternite VIII, posterior margin with deep parallel emargination (Herman 1991: fig. 88); aedeagus, parameral view, lack of developed processes at apex of median lobe ... N. parallelus Herman, 1991
– Sternite VIII, posterior margin with shallow U-shape emargination (Fig. 24E); aedeagus, parameral view, developed processes at apex of median lobe ... N. yotokae Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.
52. Sternite VII, posterior margin with moderately deep median emargination (Herman 1991: fig. 101) ............................................................................................................... N. brachiatus Herman, 1991
– Sternite VII, posterior margin straight (Fig. 19C) .... N. sibyllae Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov.
53. Pronotum longer than wide; aedeagus, parameral view, apex of median lobe pointed (Herman 1991: fig. 113) ........................................................................................................................................... 54
– Pronotum wider than long; aedeagus, parameral view, apex of median lobe emarginate (Herman 1991: fig. 152) .......................................................................................... N. hamatus Herman, 1991
54. Elytra shorter than pronotum; tergite VIII, posterior margin emarginate (Herman 1991: fig. 109) ... ..................................................................................................................... N. lirellus Herman, 1991
– Elytra longer than or as long as pronotum; tergite VIII, posterior margin trilobed (Herman 1991: fig. 117) ..................................................................................................... N. prolatus Herman, 1991
description: Published as part of Guzman, Yoan Camilo, Tokareva, Alexandra, Koszela, Katarzyna & Żyła, Dagmara, 2024, Twenty-one new species of the Neotropical rove beetle genus Neolindus Scheerpeltz (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae), pp. 1-76 in European Journal of Taxonomy 942 on pages 6-15, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.942.2581, http://zenodo.org/record/12550288