cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Portal scatter to primary dose ratio of 4 to 18 MV photon spectra incident on heterogeneous phantoms
Creators: name: Ozard, Siobhan R.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Electronic portal imagers designed and used to verify the positioning of a cancer patient undergoing radiation treatment can also be employed to measure the in vivo dose received by the patient. This thesis investigates the ratio of the dose from patient-scattered particles to the dose from primary (unscattered) photons at the imaging plane, called the scatter to primary dose ratio (SPR). The composition of the SPR according to the origin of scatter is analyzed more thoroughly than in previous studies. A new analytical method for calculating the SPR is developed and experimentally verified for heterogeneous phantoms. A novel technique that applies the analytical SPR method for in vivo dosimetry with a portal imager is evaluated. Monte Carlo simulation was used to determine the imager dose from patient-generated electrons and photons that scatter one or more times within the object. The database of SPRs reported from this investigation is new since the contribution from patientgenerated electrons was neglected by previous Monte Carlo studies. The SPR from patient-generated electrons was found here to be as large as 0.03. The analytical SPR method relies on the established result that the scatter dose is uniform for an air gap between the patient and the imager that is greater than 50 cm. This method also applies the hypothesis that first-order Compton scatter only, is sufficient for scatter estimation. A comparison of analytical and measured SPRs for neck, thorax, and pelvis phantoms showed that the maximum difference was within ±0.03, and the mean difference was less than ±0.01 for most cases. This accuracy was comparable to similar analytical approaches that are limited to homogeneous phantoms. The analytical SPR method could replace lookup tables of measured scatter doses that can require significant time to measure. In vivo doses were calculated by combining our analytical SPR method and the convolution/ superposition algorithm. Our calculated in vivo doses agreed within ± 3% with the doses measured in the phantom. The present in vivo method was faster compared to other techniques that use convolution/superposition. Our method is a feasible and satisfactory approach that contributes to on-line patient dose monitoring.
USE OF CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM LAND FOR BIOREFINERY FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION
Creators: name: Mapemba, Lawrence D.
name: Epplin, Francis M.
name: Mapemba, Lawrence D.
name: Epplin, Francis M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Legislation passed in 2002 enables managed harvesting and grazing of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) land, including harvesting of biomass. The objective of the research is to determine the cost to acquire, harvest, store, and deliver a steady flow of biomass from CRP grasslands to a biorefinery.
Traces on the Sklyanin algebra and correlation functions of the eight-vertex model
Creators: name: Boos, H.
name: Jimbo, M.
name: Miwa, T.
name: Smirnov, F.
name: Takeyama, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a conjectural formula for correlation functions of the Z-invariant (inhomogeneous) eight-vertex model. We refer to this conjecture as Ansatz. It states that correlation functions are linear combinations of products of three transcendental functions, with theta functions and derivatives as coefficients. The transcendental functions are essentially logarithmic derivatives of the partition function per site. The coefficients are given in terms of a linear functional on the Sklyanin algebra, which interpolates the usual trace on finite dimensional representations. We establish the existence of the functional and discuss the connection to the geometry of the classical limit. We also conjecture that the Ansatz satisfies the reduced qKZ equation. As a non-trivial example of the Ansatz, we present a new formula for the next-nearest neighbor correlation functions.
description: 35 pages, 2 figures, final version
Additional file 2 of A new method for the inoculation of Phytophthora palmivora (Butler) into cacao seedlings under greenhouse conditions
Creators: name: Delgadillo-Durán, Paola
name: Soto-Suárez, Mauricio
name: Rodriguez-Polanco, Leonora
name: Carrero-Gutierrez, Martha
name: Torres-Rojas, Esperanza
name: Yockteng, Roxana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Images of the leaves from the two genotypes, CCN-51 and SCA-6, at 96 h after inoculation with Phytophthora palmivora. The lesion area caused by black pod was coloured in yellow to facilitate the recognition by the Compu Eye LSA software. CCN-51: susceptible genotype; SCA-6: tolerant genotype; TR: technical replicate (three plants per biological replicate).
Dense Crowds Detection and Counting with a Lightweight Architecture
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Trejo, Javier Antonio
name: Mercado-Ravell, Diego Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the context of crowd counting, most of the works have focused on improving the accuracy without regard to the performance leading to algorithms that are not suitable for embedded applications. In this paper, we propose a lightweight convolutional neural network architecture to perform crowd detection and counting using fewer computer resources without a significant loss on count accuracy. The architecture was trained using the Bayes loss function to further improve its accuracy and then pruned to further reduce the computational resources used. The proposed architecture was tested over the USF-QNRF achieving a competitive Mean Average Error of 154.07 and a superior Mean Square Error of 241.77 while maintaining a competitive number of parameters of 0.067 Million. The obtained results suggest that the Bayes loss can be used with other architectures to further improve them and also the last convolutional layer provides no significant information and even encourage over-fitting at training.
Quantitative linear optical scattering spectroscopy of two-dimensionally textured planar waveguides
Creators: name: Mandeville, William Jody
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Linear white light spectroscopy in conjunction with rigorous computer modeling reveals the fundamental nature of the electromagnetic excitations associated with the simple lattice and defect superlattice texturing of 2D planar waveguides. By achieving unprecedented agreement between experimentally measured and rigorously simulated band structures of leaky modes associated with the second, and up to the seventh, zone-folded Brillouin zones of square and triangular lattice structures, a thorough characterization of the polarization and dispersive properties of these electromagnetic modes has been achieved. An evaluation of the usefulness of a newly developed diffraction measurement technique for probing band structure is presented in conjunction with data and simulations for waveguides with defect superlattices. Textured planar waveguides, as a powerful medium for engineering devices which control the propagation of light, are explored via the thorough characterization of a novel polymer waveguide, and a GaAs waveguide that was engineered to possess a flat band for use in non-linear optics applications; in addition an original design is discussed for an angle and polarization insensitive notch filter based on a localized defect mode.
Inversion of exciton level splitting in quantum dots
Creators: name: Young, R. J.
name: Stevenson, R. M.
name: Shields, A. J.
name: Atkinson, P.
name: Cooper, K.
name: Ritchie, D. A.
name: Groom, K. M.
name: Tartakovskii, A. I.
name: Skolnick, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The demonstration of degeneracy of the exciton spin states is an important step towards the production of entangled photons pairs from the biexciton cascade. We measure the fine structure of exciton and biexciton states for a large number of single InAs quantum dots in a GaAs matrix; the energetic splitting of the horizontally and vertically polarised components of the exciton doublet is shown to decrease as the exciton confinement decreases, crucially passing through zero and changing sign. Thermal annealing is shown to reduce the exciton confinement, thereby increasing the number of dots with splitting close to zero.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
IS SOY MILK? THE ECONOMICS OF THE SOY MILK MARKET
Creators: name: Dhar, Tirtha Pratim
name: Foltz, Jeremy D.
name: Dhar, Tirtha Pratim
name: Foltz, Jeremy D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Demand Systems
subject: Q-AIDS
subject: Milk markets
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Soy milk
subject: Food Labeling

description: This study uses revealed preferences of consumers to study the consumer benefits from soy milk. The study specifies and estimates structural demand and reduced form models of competition for different milk types using US supermarket scanner data. The introduction of soy milk is used to estimate consumer benefits and valuations. We decompose benefits into two components, competitive and variety effects. Results show relatively small consumer benefits from soy milk.
ECOLABELS AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY: SOME PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Creators: name: Clark, Christopher D.
name: Russell, Clifford S.
name: Clark, Christopher D.
name: Russell, Clifford S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The public provision of information about the environmental performance of firms and products has generated considerable enthusiasm and become a common instrument of environmental regulation, even though the economic analysis of the social welfare properties of these policies is quite limited. This paper proposes a model for examining these properties.
Molecular Hydrogen Formation During Dense Interstellar Cloud Collapse
Creators: name: Acharyya, K.
name: Chakrabarti, Sandip K.
name: Chakrabarti, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of molecular hydrogen on the grain surfaces and in the gas phase using both the rate equation (which tracks the average number of molecules) and the master equation (which tracks the expectation values of molecules). We show that above a certain critical accretion rate of $H$ on the grains, the results from these two methods become identical. We used this result to follow the collapse of a dense interstellar cloud and studied the formation of molecular hydrogen for two different temperatures (T=10K and 12K) and two different masses ($1M_\odot$ and $10M_\odot$) of the cloud when olivine grains were used. Since at higher temperatures, the recombination is very small for these grains, we also studied a similar hydrodynamic processes at higher temperatures (T=20K and 25K) when amorphous carbon grains were used. We find that generally, for olivine grains, more than 90% $H$ is converted to $H_2$ within $\sim 10^{5-7}$yr whereas for amorphous grains it takes $\sim 10^{6-7}$yr. $H_2$ formed in this manner can be adequate to produce the observed complex molecules.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, MNRAS (submitted)
Baryon and lepton number intricacies in axion models
Creators: name: Quevillon, Jérémie
name: Smith, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Because the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry has to be anomalous to solve the strong CP puzzle, some colored and chiral fermions have to transform non-trivially under this symmetry. But when the SM fermions are charged, as in the PQ or DFSZ models, this symmetry ends up entangled with the SM global symmetries, baryon (B) and lepton (L) numbers. This raises several questions addressed in this paper. First, the compatibility of axion models with some explicit B and/or L violating effects is analyzed, including those arising from seesaw mechanisms, electroweak instanton interactions, or explicit B and L violating effective operators. Second, how many of these effects can be simultaneously present is quantified, along with the consequences for the axion mass and vacuum alignment if too many of them are introduced. Finally, large classes of B and/or L violating interactions without impact on axion phenomenology are identified, like for example the various implementations of the type I and II seesaw mechanisms in the DFSZ context.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures
ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TRANSPORTATION RATES AND GRAIN PRICES
Creators: name: Yu, Tun-Hsiang (Edward)
name: Bessler, David A.
name: Fuller, Stephen W.
name: Yu, Tun-Hsiang (Edward)
name: Bessler, David A.
name: Fuller, Stephen W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Transportation rates are vital components in the structure of U.S. grain exports. In this paper we study the dynamic properties of corn and soybean prices, and barge, rail and ocean shipping rates using time series analysis on monthly 1992-2001 data. Using Error Correction Model and Directed Acyclic Graphs, we capture the interconnectivity between the transportation rates and grain prices at selected domestic and export markets. We find Illinois processor prices are important sources of price discovery for both corn and soybeans. Further, barge rates explain about 2-4% of the variation in grain prices while rail rates explain about 10-12% of the variation in corn and soybean prices.
Multiple transfer of angular momentum quanta from a spin-polarized hole to magnetic ions in ZnMnSe/ZnBeSe quantum wells
Creators: name: Akimov, A. V.
name: Scherbakov, A. V.
name: Yakovlev, D. R.
name: Merkulov, I. A.
name: Bayer, M.
name: Waag, A.
name: Molenkamp, L. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetization kinetics in (Zn,Mn)Se/(Zn,Be)Se quantum wells has been studied on a ps-time scale after pulsed laser excitation. The magnetization induced by an external magnetic field is reduced by up to 30% during ~100 ps due to spin and energy transfer from photocarriers to Mn spin system. The giant Zeeman splitting leads to a complete spin polarization of the carriers, resulting in a strong suppression of flip-flop processes between carriers and magnetic ions. Therefore a multiple angular momentum transfer from each spin-polarized hole to the Mn ions becomes the dominant mechanism in the magnetization dynamics. A model based on spin-momentum coupling in the valence band is suggested for explaining this transfer.
description: 17 pages including 4 figures. Manuscript has been submitted to Phys. Rev. B
SPATIAL COMPETITION AND PRICING IN THE AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Hall, R. Lee
name: Dorfman, Jeffrey H.
name: Gunter, Lewell F.
name: Hall, R. Lee
name: Dorfman, Jeffrey H.
name: Gunter, Lewell F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: Three theories of spatial competition are tested on retail price data for the agricultural chemical industry. The empirical tests find only weak evidence of any spatial competition using primary data from sixty-five retailers and twelve different chemicals. Demand and supply-side variables have statistically significant, but economically trivial impacts on retail chemical prices. Competition in the local retail chemical markets appears to have virtually no effect on the retail chemical prices. These results point indirectly to a virtually complete control of retail prices by the chemical manufacturers, likely through the rebate program they offer retailers. The oligopoly structure of the chemical manufacturing industry makes such control possible. The results suggest that consolidation of retailers or distributors will not have anti-competitive effects since price competition is essentially absent from this market already.
Self-testing mutually unbiased bases in higher dimensions with space-division multiplexing optical fiber technology
Creators: name: Farkas, Máté
name: Guerrero, Nayda
name: Cariñe, Jaime
name: Cañas, Gustavo
name: Lima, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the device-independent quantum information approach, the implementation of a given task can be self-tested solely from the recorded statistics and without detailed models for the employed devices. Even though experimentally demanding, it provides appealing verification schemes for advanced quantum technologies that naturally fulfil the associated requirements. In this work, we experimentally study whether self-testing protocols can be adopted to certify the proper functioning of new quantum devices built with modern space-division multiplexing optical fiber technology. Specifically, we consider the prepare-and-measure protocol of M.~Farkas and J.~Kaniewski (Phys.~Rev.~A 99, 032316) for self-testing measurements corresponding to mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in a dimension $d>2$. In our scheme, the state preparation and measurement stages are implemented with a multi-arm interferometer built with new multi-core optical fibers and related components. Due to the high-overlap of the interferometer's optical modes achieved with this technology, we are able to reach the required visibilities for self-testing the implementation of two four-dimensional MUBs. We also quantify two operational quantities of the measurements: (i) the incompatibility robustness, connected to Bell violations, and (ii) the randomness extractable from the outcomes. Since MUBs lie at the core of several quantum information protocols, our results are of practical interest for future quantum works relying on space-division multiplexing optical fibers.
Additional file 1 of Income and wealth as determinants of voluntary private health insurance: empirical evidence in Spain, 2008–2014
Creators: name: Pinilla, Jaime
name: López-Valcárcel, Beatriz G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1. Semi-elasticity estimates using an imputed voluntary private health insurance price for each family. The table contains the estimation of income and wealth semi-elasticities of voluntary private health insurance.
EXPLAINING INTERNATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD LABELING REGULATIONS
Creators: name: Gruere, Guillaume P.
name: Carter, Colin A.
name: Farzin, Y. Hossein
name: Gruere, Guillaume P.
name: Carter, Colin A.
name: Farzin, Y. Hossein
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: More than twenty-six countries have adopted labeling policies for genetically modified (GM) food and the regulations vary considerably across countries. We use international data to measure the importance of domestic and international factors implicit in the choice of GM food labeling regulations in these countries.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/13/04.
DNA Elasticity : Topology of Self-Avoidance
Creators: name: Samuel, Joseph
name: Sinha, Supurna
name: Ghosh, Abhijit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical treatment of DNA stretching and twisting experiments, in which we discuss global topological subtleties of self avoiding ribbons and provide an underlying justification for the worm like rod chain (WLRC) model proposed by Bouchiat and Mezard. Some theoretical points regarding the WLRC model are clarified: the writhe of open curves and the use of an adjustable cutoff parameter to ``regularise'' the model. Our treatment brings out the precise relation between the worm like chain (WLC), the paraxial worm like chain (PWLC) and the WLRC models. We describe the phenomenon of ``topological untwisting'' and the resulting collapse of link sectors in the WLC model and note that this leads to a free energy profile {\it{periodic}} in the applied link. This periodicity disappears when one takes into account the topology of self avoidance or at large stretch forces (paraxial limit). We note that the difficult nonlocal notion of self avoidance can be replaced (in an approximation) by the simpler local notion of ``south avoidance'' in the WLRC model. This gives an explanation for the efficacy of the approach of Bouchiat and Mezard in explaining the `hat curves' using the WLRC model. We propose a new class of experiments to probe the continuous transition between the periodic and aperiodic behavior of the free energy.
description: submitted for publication
Katsura--Exel--Pardo Groupoids and the AH~Conjecture
Creators: name: Nyland, Petter
name: Ortega, Eduard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22A22, 05C63, 19D55, 37B05, 46L05

description: It is proven that Matui's AH~conjecture is true for Katsura--Exel--Pardo groupoids $\mathcal{G}_{A,B}$ associated to integral matrices $A$ and $B$. This conjecture relates the topological full group of an ample groupoid with the homology groups of the groupoid. We also give a criterion under which the topological full group $[[\mathcal{G}_{A,B}]]$ is finitely generated.
Additional file 6 of A web-based educational intervention to implement trauma-informed care in a paediatric healthcare setting: protocol for a feasibility study using pre-post mixed methods design
Creators: name: Simons, Megan
name: Young, Alexandra De
name: McPhail, Steven M.
name: Harvey, Gillian
name: Kenardy, Justin
name: Sanjeewa Kularatna
name: Kimble, Roy
name: Zephanie Tyack
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6. Demographic questions for Health Professionals. Description: Additional questions to describe health professionals completing Responsive CARE intervention
Incorporating Spatial Grain Price Information in Marketing Plans: An Excel-based Spreadsheet Program
Creators: name: Nefstead, Ward E.
name: Nefstead, Ward E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper explores the process of integrating spatial price information in planning tools such as marketing plans. An Excel spreadsheet is shown as an example and integrated with spatial software from ESRI to produce a spatially optimized marketing solutions. Examples from a farm in southwestern Minnesota are used.
56. Interferometer or monolith?
Creators: name: Perryman, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: While Gaia started life as a small interferometer, interferometry was eventually dropped – after detailed industrial design studies – for objective technological and associated cost/risk reasons. But I consider that, had Gaia not started as an interferometer, it would not have been accepted within ESA’s scientific programme in 2000.
Increasing U.S. Hard Red Winter Wheat Competitiveness in Latin American Markets
Creators: name: Gallardo, Rosa Karina
name: Holcomb, Rodney B.
name: Gallardo, Rosa Karina
name: Holcomb, Rodney B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The United States wheat sector leadership in world markets is facing serious challenges. Canada, Australia, Argentina, the European Union (EU), and the Former Soviet Union (FSU) are growing contenders for international wheat markets. Wheat buyers´ concerns about quality specifications and its consistency have intensified without precedents in the last years. The study focuses on identifying the attributes that wheat buyers most value at the moment of purchase. The study will be done in two stages. The first stage will focus in estimating preferences from actual wheat transactions from different grain-sheds in the HRW growing area. The second stage will focus on the demand from Latin American millers and will estimate their attribute preference and elicit willingness to pay. The second stage will start with Mexican millers, given their importance for the HRW exports. A hedonic price model will be used for the first stage. The second part of the study will attempt to elicit miller´s preferences by using a self explicated approach. Expected results are that the "easy-to-measure attributes": test weight, and protein levels; and all functionality characteristics such as bake absorption, farinograph peak time, farinograph stability, alveograph p/l ratio will be the most valued by the wheat customers. We hypothesize that millers will be willing to pay a premium if those attributes are present in desirable levels. The information should provide insight into the efforts being made by wheat marketing agencies and the U.S. Wheat Associates to promote quality-based marketing of wheat to domestic and foreign millers. Discussion may also include the impacts of quality-based marketing on U.S. share of the world wheat market.
Impacts of trade liberalization in rice: assessing alternative proposals
Creators: name: Mane, Ranjit
name: Wailes, Eric J.
name: Mane, Ranjit
name: Wailes, Eric J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Arkansas Global Rice Model (AGRM) a partial equilibrium econometric model is used to assess the impact various proposal on trade liberalization in rice. The analysis is carried over a period of eight years using 2006 baseline. The results are summarized by comparing the impact of various proposals over period of time.
Master Constraint Operator in Loop Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Han, Muxin
name: Ma, Yongge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a master constraint operator $\hat{\mathbf{M}}$ densely defined in the diffeomorphism invariant Hilbert space in loop quantum gravity, which corresponds classically to the master constraint in the programme. It is shown that $\hat{\mathbf{M}}$ is positive and symmetric, and hence has its Friedrichs self-adjoint extension. The same conclusion is tenable for an alternative master operator $\hat{\mathbf{M'}}$, whose quadratic form coincides with the one proposed by Thiemann. So the master constraint programme for loop quantum gravity can be carried out in principle by employing either of the two operators.
description: 11 pages, significant modification in section 2, accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B
Additional file 5 of A web-based educational intervention to implement trauma-informed care in a paediatric healthcare setting: protocol for a feasibility study using pre-post mixed methods design
Creators: name: Simons, Megan
name: Young, Alexandra De
name: McPhail, Steven M.
name: Harvey, Gillian
name: Kenardy, Justin
name: Sanjeewa Kularatna
name: Kimble, Roy
name: Zephanie Tyack
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5. Educational material for staff to support access to Responsive CARE intervention
The role of F_L(x,Q^2) in parton analyses
Creators: name: Martin, A. D.
name: Stirling, W. J.
name: Thorne, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of the structure function F_L in global parton analyses of deep inelastic and related hard scattering data. We perform NLO and NNLO analyses which include the reduced cross section HERA data at high y, as well as earlier direct measurements of F_L. We find that the NNLO analysis gives a better description of F_L at low x than that performed at NLO. Nevertheless the data show evidence of the need of further contributions to F_L, which may be of higher-twist origin. We study such corrections both phenomenologically and theoretically via a renormalon approach. The higher-twist corrections extracted from a successful fit to the data are in general agreement with the theoretical expectations, but there is still room for alternative theoretical contributions, particularly at low x and Q^2. The importance of future measurements of F_L is emphasized.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures attached as .ps files. Version to appear in Phys. Lett. B. Correction to typos and updating of references
Multi-Intersection Traffic Management for Autonomous Vehicles via Distributed Mixed Integer Linear Programming
Creators: name: Ashtiani, Faraz
name: Fayazi, S. Alireza
name: Vahidi, Ardalan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper extends our previous work in [1],[2], on optimal scheduling of autonomous vehicle arrivals at intersections, from one to a grid of intersections. A scalable distributed Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) is devised that solves the scheduling problem for a grid of intersections. A computational control node is allocated to each intersection and regularly receives position and velocity information from subscribed vehicles. Each node assigns an intersection access time to every subscribed vehicle by solving a local MILP. Neighboring intersections will coordinate with each other in real-time by sharing their solutions for vehicles' access times with each other. Our proposed approach is applied to a grid of nine intersections and its positive impact on traffic flow and vehicles' fuel economy is demonstrated in comparison to conventional intersection control scenarios.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, 2018 American Control Conference
Gender- and race-based differences in detecting opioid use disorder in EHR
Creators: name: Cao, Yang
name: Jin, Chen
name: Jeffery, Alvin Dean
Publisher: name: Vanderbilt University School of Nursing
Year: 2023
Subjects: Substance Use
Electronic Health Record
Text mining
TF-IDF
Semantic Analysis

description: IntroductionElectronic health records (EHR) present a valuable opportunity to study opioid use disorders (OUD). However, identifying OUD within clinical data poses significant challenges. Many EHR-based models rely on binary classifications, distinguishing between individuals with extreme opioid use and those without. Our study employs natural language processing (NLP) to develop a text-based score that identifies OUD-related concepts in clinical notes. This includes recognizing medications that patients are taking and symptoms they are experiencing. By utilizing these terms, physicians can enhance their diagnostic processes, making it easier to identify patients at risk for opioid use disorder.

ObjectiveOur objective was to examine whether the most salient terms associated with OUD differ across subgroups, specifically focusing on race and gender.

MethodsWe extracted data from Vanderbilt University Medical Center’s deidentified biorepository, which links over 20 years of clinical records, between August 2018 and June 2021. We selected individuals diagnosed with chronic pain, as they are known to have a higher incidence of OUD, to derive term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) scores for evaluating the model's performance. TF-IDF scores help mitigate the influence of common stop words and highlight the relative importance of specific concepts within a patient’s corpus of notes.

ConclusionThis pilot study revealed that certain terms exhibit greater salience in one gender or racial group compared to another. Notably, the top ten most salient terms were common across both gender and racial groups, including "insulin" and "oxycodone" for gender, and "insulin" and "transplant" for race. However, over half of the terms were unique to specific subgroups.

Significant gender-specific terms included "fetal" and "lupus" for females, while "opioid" and "cocaine" were exclusive to males. Racial differences were also pronounced, with "oxycodone" and "hydrocodone" appearing only in white patients, and nine renal failure-related terms found solely in black patients.
Identification of healthspan-promoting genes in Caenorhabditis elegans based on a human GWAS study
Creators: name: Saul, Nadine
name: Dhondt, Ineke
name: Kuokkanen, Mikko
name: Perola, Markus
name: Verschuuren, Clara
name: Wouters, Brecht
name: Von Chrzanowski, Henrik
name: De Vos, Winnok H.
name: Temmerman, Liesbet
name: Luyten, Walter
name: Zečić, Aleksandra
name: Loier, Tim
name: Schmitz-Linneweber, Christian
name: Braeckman, Bart
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Healthspan
subject: Ageing
subject: GWAS
subject: C. elegans
subject: Muscle integrity
subject: Stress resistance
subject: 570 Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: To find drivers of healthy ageing, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed in healthy and unhealthy older individuals. Healthy individuals were defined as free from cardiovascular disease, stroke, heart failure, major adverse cardiovascular event, diabetes, dementia, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, rheumatism, Crohn’s disease, malabsorption or kidney disease. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with unknown function associated with ten human genes were identified as candidate healthspan markers. Thirteen homologous or closely related genes were selected in the model organism C. elegans for evaluating healthspan after targeted RNAi-mediated knockdown using pathogen resistance, muscle integrity, chemotaxis index and the activity of known longevity and stress response pathways as healthspan reporters. In addition, lifespan was monitored in the RNAi-treated nematodes. RNAi knockdown of yap-1, wwp-1, paxt-1 and several acdh genes resulted in heterogeneous phenotypes regarding muscle integrity, pathogen resistance, chemotactic behaviour, and lifespan. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that their human homologues WWC2, CDKN2AIP and ACADS may play a role in health maintenance in the elderly.
Effects of 6 MeV proton irradiation on the vortex ensemble in BaFe$_{2}$(As$_{0.67}$P$_{0.33}$)$_2$ revealed through magnetization measurements and real-space vortex imaging
Creators: name: Park, Akiyoshi
name: Veshchunov, Ivan
name: Mine, Akinori
name: Pyon, Sunseng
name: Tamegai, Tsuyoshi
name: Kitamura, Hisashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The change in vortex ensemble in BaFe$_{2}$(As$_{0.67}$P$_{0.33}$)$_2$, an isovalently doped iron-based superconductor (IBS), is studied through global magnetization measurements and single vortex imaging before and after 6 MeV proton irradiation. The field dependence of the critical current density ($J_\mathrm{c}$) is analyzed through the strong pinning model, with which the pristine sample is consistent. After the irradiation, the $J_\mathrm{c}$ aberrates from the strong pinning field dependence of $B^{-5/8}$, and evolves to a weaker $B^{-1/3}$ dependence with an anomalous two-step behavior creating a cusp like feature. The cusp coincides with the field of the local minima in the normalized relaxation rate ($S$), manifested by increased pinning due to increased intervortex interactions followed by fast vortex dynamics caused by flux activation at higher fields. Furthermore, single vortex imaging reveals that while long-range triangular correlation of the Abrikosov vortex lattice is observed in pristine samples, irradiated samples exhibit a highly disordered glassy vortex state which is more densely packed with increased pinning force. These artificial defects incorporated via proton irradiation have the same pinning effect as Co doping which not only shifts the pinning force to a higher degree but also broadens its distribution, in contrast to P doping which only broadens the pinning distribution without inducing a shift. All in all, through this investigation, we provide a systematic understanding of the pinning behavior in BaFe$_{2}$(As$_{0.67}$P$_{0.33}$)$_2$ through carefully controlling the defects in the system.
description: 11 pages
Additional file 4 of A web-based educational intervention to implement trauma-informed care in a paediatric healthcare setting: protocol for a feasibility study using pre-post mixed methods design
Creators: name: Simons, Megan
name: Young, Alexandra De
name: McPhail, Steven M.
name: Harvey, Gillian
name: Kenardy, Justin
name: Sanjeewa Kularatna
name: Kimble, Roy
name: Zephanie Tyack
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Introduction to Responsive CARE. Description: Slide content of introduction session for recruitment of users of the Responsive CARE intervention.
Quantum Relative States
Creators: name: Gisin, N.
name: Iblisdir, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum state estimation problems where the reference system with respect to which the state is measured should itself be treated quantum mechanically. In this situation, the difference between the system and the reference tends to fade. We investigate how the overlap between two pure quantum states can be optimally estimated, in several scenarios, and we re-visit homodyne detection.
description: 10 pages
Optical properties of superconducting pressurized LaH$_{10}$
Creators: name: Elatresh, Sabri
name: Timusk, T.
name: Nicol, E. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently superconductivity has been discovered at around 200~K in a hydrogen sulfide system and around 260~K in a lanthanum hydride system, both under pressures of about 200 GPa. These record-breaking transition temperatures bring within reach the long-term goal of obtaining room temperature superconductivity. We have used first-principle calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) along with Migdal-Eliashberg theory to investigate the electron-phonon mechanism for superconductivity in the $Fm\bar{3}m$ phase proposed for the LaH$_{10}$ superconductor. We show that the very high transition temperature $T_c$ results from a highly optimized electron-phonon interaction that favors coupling to high frequency hydrogen phonons. Various superconducting properties are calculated, such as the energy gap, the isotope effect, the specific heat jump at $T_c$, the thermodynamic critical field and the temperature-dependent penetration depth. However, our main emphasis is on the finite frequency optical properties, measurement of which may allow for an independent determination of $T_c$ and also a confirmation of the mechanism for superconductivity.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Groundwater Use under Incomplete Information
Creators: name: Saak, Alexander E.
name: Peterson, Jeffrey M.
name: Saak, Alexander E.
name: Peterson, Jeffrey M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: In this paper, we introduce a game theoretic model of groundwater extraction in a two-cell aquifer under incomplete information. A novel assumption is that individual users have incomplete knowledge of the speed of lateral flows in the aquifer: although a user is aware that his neighbor's water use has some influence on their future water stock, they are uncertain about the degree of this impact. We find that the lack of information may either increase or decrease the rate of water use and welfare. In a two-period framework, the relevant characteristic is the ratio of the periodic marginal benefits of water use. Depending on whether this ratio is convex or concave, the average speed with which the aquifer is depleted decreases or increases when users learn more about the local hydrologic properties of groundwater. We also show that the effect of better information on the welfare of the average producer may be negative even in the situations when, on average, groundwater is allocated more efficiently across irrigation seasons.
Non-uniform phases in metals with local moments
Creators: name: Ghosh, Angsula
name: Miranda, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two-dimensional Kondo lattice model with both nearest and next-nearest neighbor exchange interactions is studied within a mean-field approach and its phase diagram is determined. In particular, we allow for lattice translation symmetry breaking. We observe that the usual uniform inter-site order parameter is never realized, being unstable towards other more complex types of order. When the nearest neighbor exchange J_1 is ferromagnetic the flux phase is always the most stable state, irrespective of the value of the next-nearest-neighbor interaction J_2. For antiferromagnetic J_1, however, either a columnar or a flux phase is realized, depending on conduction electron filling and the value of J_2.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures
Lorentzian Gromov–Hausdorff theory and finiteness results
Creators: name: Müller, Olaf
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Metrization
subject: Space-time
subject: Functorial
subject: 510 Mathematik

description: Cheeger–Gromov finiteness results, asserting that there are only finitely many diffeomorphism types of manifolds satisfying certain geometric bounds, feature among the most prominent results in Riemannian geometry. To transplant those into Lorentzian geometry, one could use a functor between a Lorentzian and a Riemannian category, which, however, can be shown not to exist if the former contains Minkowski space and its isometries. Here, we construct a functor from a restricted category of Lorentzian manifolds-with-boundary (regions between two Cauchy surfaces) to a category of Riemannian manifolds-with-boundary that preserves geometric bounds and obtain, as a corollary, the first known Lorentzian Cheeger–Gromov type finiteness result.
Inclusive production of charged pions in p+p collisions at 158 GeV/c beam momentum
Creators: name: Alt, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New results on the production of charged pions in p+p interactions are presented. The data come from a sample of 4.8 million inelastic events obtained with the NA49 detector at the CERN SPS at 158 GeV/c beam momentum. Pions are identified by energy loss measurement in a large TPC tracking system which covers a major fraction of the production phase space. Inclusive invariant cross sections are given on a grid of nearly 300 bins per charge over intervals from 0 to 2 GeV/c in transverse momentum and from 0 to 0.85 in Feynman x. The results are compared to existing data in overlapping energy ranges.
description: 54 pages, 54 figures, accepted for publication in EPJC
The magnetic obliquity of accreting T Tauri stars
Creators: name: McGinnis, Pauline
name: Bouvier, Jérôme
name: Gallet, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical T Tauri stars (CTTS) accrete material from their discs through their magnetospheres. The geometry of the accretion flow strongly depends on the magnetic obliquity, i.e., the angle between the rotational and magnetic axes. We aim at deriving the distribution of magnetic obliquities in a sample of 10 CTTSs. For this, we monitored the radial velocity variations of the HeI$λ$5876 line in these stars' spectra along their rotational cycle. HeI is produced in the accretion shock, close to the magnetic pole. When the magnetic and rotational axes are not aligned, the radial velocity of this line is modulated by stellar rotation. The amplitude of modulation is related to the star's projected rotational velocity, $v\sin i$, and the latitude of the hotspot. By deriving $v\sin i$ and HeI$λ$5876 radial velocity curves from our spectra we thus obtain an estimate of the magnetic obliquities. We find an average obliquity in our sample of 11.4$^{\circ}$ with an rms dispersion of 5.4$^{\circ}$. The magnetic axis thus seems nearly, but not exactly aligned with the rotational axis in these accreting T Tauri stars, somewhat in disagreement with studies of spectropolarimetry, which have found a significant misalignment ($\gtrsim 20^{\circ}$) for several CTTSs. This could simply be an effect of low number statistics, or it may be due to a selection bias of our sample. We discuss possible biases that our sample may be subject to. We also find tentative evidence that the magnetic obliquity may vary according to the stellar interior and that there may be a significant difference between fully convective and partly radiative stars.
description: 28 pages (including online material), 25 figures
The Pollution Haven Hypothesis: Significance and Insignificance
Creators: name: Kellogg, Ryan
name: Kellogg, Ryan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Theory and intuition tell us that the imposition of stringent environmental policies by a given country will reduce its net exports of commodities produced using pollution-intensive industries. It is therefore surprising that many empirical studies of international commodity trade have failed to find evidence of this effect. This study offers a new, highly focused test of the pollution haven hypothesis, by investigating the link between international factor trade in coal and urban air concentrations of SO2. I find statistically significant evidence that countries with poor air quality do have higher net factor exports of coal; however, the magnitude of the impact is small, casting doubt on the economic significance of the pollution haven effect as a guide to policy.