cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Angular Momentum and the Absence of Vortices in the Cores of Fuzzy Dark Matter Haloes
Creators: name: Schobesberger, Sonja O.
name: Rindler-Daller, Tanja
name: Shapiro, Paul R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scalar Field Dark Matter (SFDM), comprised of ultralight ($\gtrsim 10^{-22}$ eV) bosons, is distinguished from massive ($\gtrsim$ GeV), collisionless Cold Dark Matter (CDM) by its novel structure-formation dynamics as Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) and quantum superfluid with wave-like properties, described by the Gross-Pitaevski and Poisson (GPP) equations. In the free-field (fuzzy) limit of SFDM (FDM), structure is inhibited below the de Broglie wavelength $λ_{\text{deB}}$, but resembles CDM on larger scales. Virialized haloes have solitonic cores of radius $\sim λ_{\text{deB}}$ that follow the ground-state attractor solution of GPP, surrounded by CDM-like envelopes. As superfluid, SFDM is irrotational (vorticity-free) but can be unstable to vortex formation. We previously showed this can happen in halo cores, from angular momentum arising during structure formation, when repulsive self-interaction (SI) is present to support them out to a second length scale $λ_{\text{SI}}$ with $λ_{\text{SI}} > λ_{\text{deB}}$ (the Thomas-Fermi regime), but only if SI is strong enough. This suggested FDM cores (without SI) would not form vortices. FDM simulations later found vortices, but only outside halo cores, consistent with our previous suggestion based upon TF-regime analysis. We extend that analysis now to FDM, to show explicitly that vortices should not arise in solitonic cores from angular momentum, modelling them as either Gaussian spheres or compressible, ($n = 2$)-polytropic, irrotational Riemann-S ellipsoids. We find that, for typical halo spin parameters, angular momentum per particle is below $\hbar$, the minimum required even for one singly-quantized vortex in the centre. Even for larger angular momentum, however, vortex formation is not energetically favoured.
description: accepted by MNRAS, 29 pages, 9 figures; minor revisions
Non-integrability of Self-dual Yang-Mills-Higgs System
Creators: name: Inami, Takeo
name: Minakami, Shie
name: Nitta, Muneto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine integrability of self-dual Yang-Mills system in the Higgs phase, with taking simpler cases of vortices and domain walls. We show that the vortex equations and the domain-wall equations do not have Painleve property. This fact suggests that these equations are not integrable.
description: 15 pages, no figures, v2: references added, v3: typos corrected, the final version to appear in NPB
VSM-box: the general-purpose curation interface as an open-source web-component
Creators: name: Vercruysse, Steven
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: knowledge representation
biocuration
semantics
ontology
systems biology
user interface
interdisciplinary
RRI
VSM

description: For every new curation project, a new curation platform needs to be developed, and for every new requirement that then emerges, its interface and database need to be updated (or an ever-widening spreadsheet needs to be managed). To alleviate this, we developed a "universal curation method + interface" that enables scientists to easily capture any kind of information in computable form. VSM (Visual Syntax Method) allows scientists to formulate any knowledge in a simple-looking but powerful 'sentence'-like format, where all terms are linked to ontology identifiers. The syntax of how terms relate to each other is defined by a small set of intuitive rules and connectors, usable no matter how long or complex the sentence is. VSM also supports 'template' sentences in which users only need to fill out a number of terms+IDs, accessible via autocomplete; and any 'VSM-sentence' can still be extended without changes to the interface. This gives us an intuitive and flexible tool to capture semantically precise information on any topic, and with any amount of context details. – See https://vsm.github.io . In other words: VSM enables people to capture knowledge in a computable form, 'like they think'. VSM both reflects how humans represent knowledge in their minds, structurally, and provides a user-interface to enter this knowledge in precisely that intuitive form. VSM thus serves as a gateway for efficient, human-centered curation of context-rich, multi-topic, computable knowledge, which can subsequently be converted to populate any standard data format – or to the subset that that data format is designed to capture. – See for example the MI2CAST standard in VSM-form: https://mi2cast.github.io/causalBuilder . We present how VSM works, and how a large software development effort has recently made VSM available as an open-source web-component on GitHub. VSM's main interface is called a 'vsm-box' and is built on a collection of supporting modules in the 'vsm' GitHub project. The software is highly customizable: the 'vsm-dictionary' module provides a scaffold for connecting a vsm-box to any Controlled Vocabulary provider (e.g. BioPortal, UniProt, PubMed, etc.); the 'vsm-autocomplete' module allows customization of the content of autocomplete-items; and much more. The code is diligently covered with automated tests. The extensive documentation on GitHub describes how to configure and embed a vsm-box in new projects, and enables community contributions to the VSM project itself. We encourage the community to make use of this open-source technology, and look forward to assisting new projects using VSM-based knowledge curation.
Sea-Net: Squeeze-And-Excitation Attention Net For Diabetic Retinopathy Grading
Creators: name: Zhao, Ziyuan
name: Chopra, Kartik
name: Zeng, Zeng
name: Li, Xiaoli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Diabetes is one of the most common disease in individuals. \textit{Diabetic retinopathy} (DR) is a complication of diabetes, which could lead to blindness. Automatic DR grading based on retinal images provides a great diagnostic and prognostic value for treatment planning. However, the subtle differences among severity levels make it difficult to capture important features using conventional methods. To alleviate the problems, a new deep learning architecture for robust DR grading is proposed, referred to as SEA-Net, in which, spatial attention and channel attention are alternatively carried out and boosted with each other, improving the classification performance. In addition, a hybrid loss function is proposed to further maximize the inter-class distance and reduce the intra-class variability. Experimental results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed architecture.
description: Accepted to ICIP 2020
On the Detection and Quantification of Nonlinearity via Statistics of the Gradients of a Black-Box Model
Creators: name: Tsialiamanis, G.
name: Farrar, C. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Detection and identification of nonlinearity is a task of high importance for structural dynamics. Detecting nonlinearity in a structure, which has been designed to operate in its linear region, might indicate the existence of damage. Therefore, it is important, even for safety reasons, to detect when a structure exhibits nonlinear behaviour. In the current work, a method to detect nonlinearity is proposed, based on the distribution of the gradients of a data-driven model, which is fitted on data acquired from the structure of interest. The data-driven model herein is a neural network. The selection of such a type of model was done in order to not allow the user to decide how linear or nonlinear the model shall be, but to let the training algorithm of the neural network shape the level of nonlinearity according to the training data. The neural network is trained to predict the accelerations of the structure for a time-instant using as inputs accelerations of previous time-instants, i.e. one-step-ahead predictions. Afterwards, the gradients of the output of the neural network with respect to its inputs are calculated. Given that the structure is linear, the distribution of the aforementioned gradients should be quite peaked, while in the case of a structure with nonlinearities, the distribution of the gradients shall be more spread and, potentially, multimodal. To test the above assumption, data from an experimental structure are considered. The structure is tested under different scenarios, some of which are linear and some nonlinear. The statistics of the distributions of the gradients for the different scenarios can be used to identify cases where nonlinearity is present. Moreover, via the proposed method one is able to quantify the nonlinearity by observing higher values of standard deviation of the distribution of the gradients for "more nonlinear" scenarios.
Plane waves from double extended spacetimes
Creators: name: Cacciatori, S. L.
name: Ortenzi, G.
name: Penati, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study exact string backgrounds (WZW models) generated by nonsemisimple algebras which are obtained as double extensions of generic D--dimensional semisimple algebras. We prove that a suitable change of coordinates always exists which reduces these backgrounds to be the product of the nontrivial background associated to the original algebra and two dimensional Minkowski. However, under suitable contraction, the algebra reduces to a Nappi--Witten algebra and the corresponding spacetime geometry, no more factorized, can be interpreted as the Penrose limit of the original background. For both configurations we construct D--brane solutions and prove that {\em all} the branes survive the Penrose limit. Therefore, the limit procedure can be used to extract informations about Nappi--Witten plane wave backgrounds in arbitrary dimensions.
description: 27 pages, no figures, references added
Waltzing binaries: Probing line-of-sight acceleration of merging compact objects with gravitational waves
Creators: name: Vijaykumar, Aditya
name: Tiwari, Avinash
name: Kapadia, Shasvath J.
name: Arun, K. G.
name: Ajith, Parameswaran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Line-of-sight acceleration of a compact binary coalescence (CBC) event would modulate the shape of the gravitational waves (GWs) it produces with respect to the corresponding non-accelerated CBC. Such modulations could be indicative of its astrophysical environment. We investigate the prospects of detecting this acceleration in future observing runs of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA network, as well as in next-generation (XG) detectors and the proposed DECIGO. We place the first observational constraints on this acceleration, for putative binary neutron star mergers GW170817 and GW190425. We find no evidence of line-of-sight acceleration in these events at $90\%$ confidence. Prospective constraints for the fifth observing run of the LIGO at A+ sensitivity suggest that accelerations for typical BNSs could be constrained with a precision of $a/c \sim 10^{-7}~[\mathrm{s}^{-1}]$, assuming a signal-to-noise ratio of $10$. These improve to $a/c \sim 10^{-9}~[\mathrm{s}^{-1}]$ in XG detectors, and $a/c \sim 10^{-16}~[\mathrm{s}^{-1}]$ in DECIGO. We also interpret these constraints in the context of mergers around supermassive black holes.
description: Accepted to ApJ
Hindlimb blood flow and oxygen consumption in the late gestation fetal lamb
Creators: name: Knight, Kathleen Elizaabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this research was to examine hindlimb blood flow and oxygen supply in the late-gestation fetal lamb under normal and pathophysiological conditions. Although the carcass, or non-visceral tissue, accounts for a large proportion of fetal weight and oxygen demand, it has received little research attention. Because the hindlimb is composed of skin, bone, and skeletal muscle, it is representative of the carcass. We implanted vascular catheters in fetal lambs to permit sampling of blood entering and leaving the hindlimb, and a transit-time flow transducer on the external iliac artery to measure hindlimb blood flow. In late-gestation, there are specific patterns of electrocortical (ECoG) and electroocular activity (EoG), which are associated with episodic fetal breathing and body movements. Hindlimb blood flow tends to be higher and more variable during high voltage ECoG activity. To determine whether this is due to the increased body movements during this state, the neuromuscular blocking agents gallamine and pancuronium were administered. Mean hindlimb blood flow fell 8.3 ± 3.5% following blockade, but flow still tended to be higher during quiet sleep. As neuromuscular blockade did not appear to effect the behavioural state modulation of hindlimb blood flow, this relationship may be directly mediated by the central nervous system. The effects of hypoxemia and ischemia on hindlimb metabolism were compared. No difference was seen in the relationship between oxygen delivery and consumption or in the overall magnitude of hindlimb lactate release for the two perturbations. Thus, for similar reductions in oxygen deliver, we found no difference in hindlimb oxygen consumption or lactate production between hypoxemia and ischemia. Therefore, there is no evidence that hypoxemia is less well tolerated than hindlimb ischemia. As arginine vasopressin (AVP) has vasoconstrictor action's in the fetus and adult, the effect of exogenous AVP was examined in fetal and non-pregnant adult sheep. Both groups exhibited similar degrees of hypertension, reduced hindlimb blood flow, and increased hindlimb vascular resistance. However, heart rate declined significantly more in the adults. Therefore, there is no evidence for a greater sensitivity of fetal vascular smooth muscle to vasopressin, but the fetus does appear to be less sensitive to the negative chronotropic effects of AVP. In conclusion, our studies indicate that the hindlimb, and thus the carcass, plays a major role in the dynamic nature of the fetus under normal conditions as well as in its ability to adapt to pathophysiological situations.
Minimal and non-minimal Universal Extra Dimension models in the light of LHC data at 13 TeV
Creators: name: Avnish
name: Ghosh, Kirtiman
name: Jha, Tapoja
name: Niyogi, Saurabh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Universal Extra Dimension (UED) is a well-motivated and well-studied scenario. One of the main motivations is the presence of a dark matter (DM) candidate namely, the lightest level-1 Kaluza-Klein (KK) particle (LKP), in the particle spectrum of UED. The minimal version of UED (mUED) scenario is highly predictive with only two parameters namely, the radius of compactification and cut-off scale, to determine the phenomenology. Therefore, stringent constraint results from the WMAP/PLANCK measurement of DM relic density (RD) of the universe. The production and decays of level-1 quarks and gluons in UED scenarios give rise to multijet final states at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiment. We study the ATLAS search for multijet plus missing transverse energy signatures at the LHC with 13 TeV center of mass energy and 139 inverse femtobarn integrated luminosity. In view of the fact that the DM RD allowed part of mUED parameter-space has already been ruled out by the ATLAS multijet search, we move on to a less restricted version of UED namely, the non-minimal UED (nmUED), with non-vanishing boundary-localized terms (BLTs). The presence of BLTs significantly alters the dark matter as well as the collider phenomenology of nmUED. We obtain stringent bounds on the BLT parameters from the ATLAS multijet plus missing transverse energy search.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures
Effect of Transport Noise on Kelvin-Helmholtz instability
Creators: name: Flandoli, Franco
name: Morlacchi, Silvia
name: Papini, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35, 76F10, 65C30

description: The effect of transport noise on a 2D fluid may depend on the space-scale of the noise. We investigate numerically the dissipation properties of very small-scale transport noise. As a test problem we consider the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and we compare the inviscid case, the viscous one, both without noise, and the inviscid case perturbed by transport noise. We observe a partial similarity with the viscous case, namely a delay of the instability.
description: 22 pages, 22 figures
Testing a new mesh refinement code in the evolution of a spherically symmetric Klein-Gordon field
Creators: name: Csizmadia, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical evolution of the spherically symmetric, massive Klein-Gordon field is presented using a new adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) code with fourth order discretization in space and time, along with compactification in space. The system is non-interacting thus the initial disturbance is entirely radiated away. The main aim is to simulate its propagation until it vanishes near scri^+. By numerical investigations of the violation of the energy balance relations, the space-time boundaries of ``well-behaving'' regions are determined for different values of the AMR parameters. An important result is that mesh refinement maintains precision in the central region for longer time even if the mesh is only refined outside of this region. The speed of the algorithm was also tested, in case of 10 refinement levels the algorithm was two orders of magnitude faster than the extrapolated time of the corresponding unigrid run.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures; major conceptual changes, other tests added; accepted for publication by Int.J.Mod.Phys.D
Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Bizantinística
Creators: name: Castiñeiras González, Manuel Antonio
name: Pedone, Silvia
name: Paribeni, Andrea
name: Boespflug, François
name: Semoglou, Athanasios
name: Pérez Martín, Inmaculada
name: Fogliadini, Emanuela
name: Calahorra Bartolomé, Alfredo
name: Eliades, Ioannis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: History of Byzantium
Historia de Bizancio
Arquitectura bizantina
Arte bizantino
Constantinopla
Santa Sofía
San Salvador de Cora
Teodoro Metoquita
Chipre
Relaciones interreligiosas
Espacios multiculturales
Expolios artísticos
Mosaicos bizantinos

description: Publicación no académica de la Sociedad Española de Bizantinística. Nº 36, diciembre de 2020. Versión 2 con correcciones menores. Non-academic journal of the Spanish Society of Byzantine Studies. Issue 36, December 2020. 2nd version with minor corrections.
description: Artículos en español, inglés, francés e italiano. Articles in Spanish, English, French and Italian.
Magnification bias in galaxy surveys with complex sample selection functions
Creators: name: von Wietersheim-Kramsta, Maximilian
name: Joachimi, Benjamin
name: Busch, Jan Luca van den
name: Heymans, Catherine
name: Hildebrandt, Hendrik
name: Asgari, Marika
name: Tröster, Tilman
name: Unruh, Sandra
name: Wright, Angus H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational lensing magnification modifies the observed spatial distribution of galaxies and can severely bias cosmological probes of large-scale structure if not accurately modelled. Standard approaches to modelling this magnification bias may not be applicable in practice as many galaxy samples have complex, often implicit, selection functions. We propose and test a procedure to quantify the magnification bias induced in clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing (GGL) signals in galaxy samples subject to a selection function beyond a simple flux limit. The method employs realistic mock data to calibrate an effective luminosity function slope, $α_{\rm{obs}}$, from observed galaxy counts, which can then be used with the standard formalism. We demonstrate this method for two galaxy samples derived from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) in the redshift ranges $0.2 < z \leq 0.5$ and $0.5 < z \leq 0.75$, complemented by mock data built from the MICE2 simulation. We obtain $α_{\rm{obs}} = 1.93 \pm 0.05$ and $α_{\rm{obs}} = 2.62 \pm 0.28$ for the two BOSS samples. For BOSS-like lenses, we forecast a contribution of the magnification bias to the GGL signal between the multipole moments, $\ell$, of 100 and 4600 with a cumulative signal-to-noise ratio between 0.1 and 1.1 for sources from the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS), between 0.4 and 2.0 for sources from the Hyper Suprime-Cam survey (HSC), and between 0.3 and 2.8 for ESA Euclid-like source samples. These contributions are significant enough to require explicit modelling in future analyses of these and similar surveys. Our code is publicly available within the \textsc{MagBEt} module (\url{https://github.com/mwiet/MAGBET}).
description: 15 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices to the Royal Astronomical Society
Extending the Applicability Condition in the Formal System \lambda\delta
Creators: name: Guidi, Ferruccio
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2015
Subjects: INF/01 Informatica
MAT/01 Logica matematica

description: The formal system \lambda\delta is a typed lambda calculus
derived from \Lambda\infinity, aiming to support the foundations of Mathematics that require an underlying theory of expressions (for example the Minimal Type Theory).
The system is developed in the context of the Hypertextual Electronic Library of Mathematics as a machine-checked digital specification, that is not the formal counterpart of previous informal material. The first version of the calculus appeared in 2006 and proved unsatisfactory for some reasons. In this article we present a revised version of the system and we prove three relevant desired properties: the confluence of reduction, the strong normalization of an extended form of reduction, known as the ``big tree'' theorem, and the preservation of validity by reduction. To our knowledge, we are presenting here
the first fully machine-checked proof of the ``big tree'' theorem for a calculus that includes \Lambda\infinity.
The Effect of Baryons on Halo Shapes
Creators: name: Kazantzidis, Stelios
name: Zentner, Andrew R.
name: Nagai, Daisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observational evidence indicates a mismatch between the shapes of collisionless dark matter (DM) halos and those of observed systems. Using hydrodynamical cosmological simulations we investigate the effect of baryonic dissipation on halo shapes. We show that dissipational simulations produce significantly rounder halos than those formed in equivalent dissipationless simulations. Gas cooling causes an average increase in halo principal axis ratios of ~ 0.2-0.4 in the inner regions and a systematic shift that persists out to the virial radius, alleviating any tension between theory and observations. Although the magnitude of the effect may be overestimated due to overcooling, cluster formation simulations designed to reproduce the observed fraction of cold baryons still produce substantially rounder halos. Subhalos also exhibit a trend of increased axis ratios in dissipational simulations. Moreover, we demonstrate that subhalos are generally rounder than corresponding field halos even in dissipationless simulations. Lastly, we analyze a series of binary, equal-mass merger simulations of disk galaxies. Collisionless mergers reveal a strong correlation between DM halo shape and stellar remnant morphology. In dissipational mergers, the combination of strong gas inflows and star formation leads to an increase of the DM axis ratios in the remnant. All of these results highlight the vital role of baryonic processes in comparing theory with observations and warn against over-interpreting discrepancies with collisionless simulations on small scales.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the XXIst IAP Colloquium "Mass Profiles and Shapes of Cosmological Structures", Paris 4-9 July 2005, France, (Eds.) G. Mamon, F. Combes, C. Deffayet, B. Fort, EAS Publications Series
Extracting higher central charge from a single wave function
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Ryohei
name: Wang, Taige
name: Soejima, Tomohiro
name: Mong, Roger S. K.
name: Ryu, Shinsei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A (2+1)D topologically ordered phase may or may not have a gappable edge, even if its chiral central charge $c_-$ is vanishing. Recently, it is discovered that a quantity regarded as a "higher" version of chiral central charge gives a further obstruction beyond $c_-$ to gapping out the edge. In this Letter, we show that the higher central charges can be characterized by the expectation value of the \textit{partial rotation} operator acting on the wavefunction of the topologically ordered state. This allows us to extract the higher central charge from a single wavefunction, which can be evaluated on a quantum computer. Our characterization of the higher central charge is analytically derived from the modular properties of edge conformal field theory, as well as the numerical results with the $ν=1/2$ bosonic Laughlin state and the non-Abelian gapped phase of the Kitaev honeycomb model, which corresponds to $\mathrm{U}(1)_2$ and Ising topological order respectively. The letter establishes a numerical method to obtain a set of obstructions to the gappable edge of (2+1)D bosonic topological order beyond $c_-$, which enables us to completely determine if a (2+1)D bosonic Abelian topological order has a gappable edge or not. We also point out that the expectation values of the partial rotation on a single wavefunction put a constraint on the low-energy spectrum of the bulk-boundary system of (2+1)D bosonic topological order, reminiscent of the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis type theorems.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures. v4: added numerical simulations for the non-chiral \nu=2/3 FQH state. Accepted in Physical Review Letters
Generalized Lagrange Theorem
Creators: name: Zając, Karolina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A24

description: The present paper is devoted to possible generalizations of the classic Lagrange Mean Value Theorem. We consider a real-valued function of several variables that is only assumed to be continuous. The main concept is to replace the notion of the derivative by the so called bisequential tangent cone. We first prove Rolle and Lagrange type results and then we turn to comparing this cone with the Clarke subdifferential in the case of a Lipschitz function. We also investigate an approach using normal cones.
description: 14 pages
The afterglow and elliptical host galaxy of the short gamma-ray burst GRB 050724
Creators: name: Berger, E.
name: Price, P. A.
name: Cenko, S. B.
name: Gal-Yam, A.
name: Soderberg, A. M.
name: Kasliwal, M.
name: Leonard, D. C.
name: Cameron, P. B.
name: Frail, D. A.
name: Kulkarni, S. R.
name: Murphy, D. C.
name: Krzeminski, W.
name: Piran, T.
name: Lee, B. L.
name: Roth, K. C.
name: Moon, D. -S.
name: Fox, D. B.
name: Harrison, F. A.
name: Persson, S. E.
name: Schmidt, B. P.
name: Penprase, B. E.
name: Rich, J.
name: Peterson, B. A.
name: Cowie, L. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite a rich phenomenology, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are divided into two classes based on their duration and spectral hardness -- the long-soft and the short-hard bursts. The discovery of afterglow emission from long GRBs was a watershed event, pinpointing their origin to star forming galaxies, and hence the death of massive stars, and indicating an energy release of about 10^51 erg. While theoretical arguments suggest that short GRBs are produced in the coalescence of binary compact objects (neutron stars or black holes), the progenitors, energetics, and environments of these events remain elusive despite recent localizations. Here we report the discovery of the first radio afterglow from a short burst, GRB 050724, which unambiguously associates it with an elliptical galaxy at a redshift, z=0.257. We show that the burst is powered by the same relativistic fireball mechanism as long GRBs, with the ejecta possibly collimated in jets, but that the total energy release is 10-1000 times smaller. More importantly, the nature of the host galaxy demonstrates that short GRBs arise from an old (>1 Gyr) stellar population, strengthening earlier suggestions, and providing support for coalescing compact object binaries as the progenitors.
description: Accepted to Nature; revisions include broad-band afterglow model
Discovery of Raman-scattered He II $λ$6545 in the Planetary Nebulae NGC 6886 and NGC 6881
Creators: name: Choi, Bo-Eun
name: Lee, Hee-Won
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Young planetary nebulae (PNe) retain a large amount of neutral material that was shed in the previous asymptotic giant branch stage. The thick H I region in young PNe can be effectively probed by illuminating far UV radiation that may be inelastically scattered to appear in the optical region. Raman-scattered features are unique spectroscopic tracers of neutral regions that can be used to investigate the mass-loss process in young PNe. We conduct high resolution spectroscopy of young PNe using BOES (the Bohyunsan Observatory Echelle Spectrograph) and report the discovery of a Raman-scattered He II feature at 6545 Å in NGC 6886 and NGC 6881. The Raman-scattered He II features have been found in only five PNe so far, and, in particular, it is the first direct detection of an H I component in NGC 6881. The Raman He II $λ6545$ features in the two PNe are observed to be redshifted with respect to He II $\lambda6560$, indicating that the neutral regions are expanding. We perform line profile analyses using the grid-based Monte Carlo code 'STaRS' by assuming a neutral hydrogen region in the shape of a partial spherical shell expanding radially. The profiles are well fitted with the model parameters of covering factor $CF=0.3$, H I column density $N_{\rm HI} = 5 \times 10^{20}~{\rm cm^{-2}}$, and expansion speed $v_{\rm exp} = 25~\rm\ km~s^{-1}$ for NGC 6886 and $CF=0.6$, $N_{\rm HI} = 3 \times 10^{20}~{\rm cm^{-2}}$, and $v_{\rm exp} = 30\rm\ km~s^{-1}$ for NGC 6881, respectively.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJL
Editorial
Creators: name: Liga, Francesca
name: Gugliandolo, Maria Cristina
name: Larcan, Rosalba
Publisher: name: Journal of Clinical & Developmental Psychology
Year: 2021

description: From 2019, the main purpose of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Clinical and Developmental Psychology (JCDP) is to provide a vehicle for immediate and effective communication in clinical, health, and developmental psychology from different cultural contexts. Many authors have contributed to the acquisition of knowledge on methods and techniques of clinical and developmental psychology with a focus on the psychological and social processes that can explain the emergence of functional and dysfunctional outcomes. The contributions published in this issue have as their common focus the promotion of competence in the lifespan and the possible interventions thought to be efficacy in facing difficulties and trauma linked to the pandemic period we are living in the world. From different points of view and highlighting intercultural diversities, this issue aims to deepen the reflection on the promotion of well-being and personal growth.
description: Journal of Clinical & Developmental Psychology, Vol 3, No 1 (2021)
Probabilistic state synthesis based on optimal convex approximation
Creators: name: Akibue, Seiseki
name: Kato, Go
name: Tani, Seiichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When preparing a pure state with a quantum circuit, there is an unavoidable approximation error due to the compilation error in fault-tolerant implementation. A recently proposed approach called probabilistic state synthesis, where the circuit is probabilistically sampled, is able to reduce the approximation error compared to conventional deterministic synthesis. In this paper, we demonstrate that the optimal probabilistic synthesis quadratically reduces the approximation error. Moreover, we show that a deterministic synthesis algorithm can be efficiently converted into a probabilistic one that achieves this quadratic error reduction. We also numerically demonstrate how this conversion reduces the $T$-count and analytically prove that this conversion halves an information-theoretic lower bound on the circuit size. In order to derive these results, we prove general theorems about the optimal convex approximation of a quantum state. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this theorem can be used to analyze an entanglement measure.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures. ArXiv:2111.05531 is a preliminary version of this paper
Greedy routing optimisation in hyperbolic networks
Creators: name: Sulyok, Bendegúz
name: Palla, Gergely
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finding the optimal embedding of networks into low-dimensional hyperbolic spaces is a challenge that received considerable interest in recent years, with several different approaches proposed in the literature. In general, these methods take advantage of the exponentially growing volume of the hyperbolic space as a function of the radius from the origin, allowing a (roughly) uniform spatial distribution of the nodes even for scale-free small-world networks, where the connection probability between pairs decays with hyperbolic distance. One of the motivations behind hyperbolic embedding is that optimal placement of the nodes in a hyperbolic space is widely thought to enable efficient navigation on top of the network. According to that, one of the measures that can be used to quantify the quality of different embeddings is given by the fraction of successful greedy paths following a simple navigation protocol based on the hyperbolic coordinates. In the present work, we develop an optimisation scheme for this score in the native disk representation of the hyperbolic space. This optimisation algorithm can be either used as an embedding method alone, or it can be applied to improve this score for embeddings obtained from other methods. According to our tests on synthetic and real networks, the proposed optimisation can considerably enhance the success rate of greedy paths in several cases, improving the given embedding from the point of view of navigability.
Comparison of biomass potential in inter-specific hybrids Jatropha
Creators: name: Anuruck Arunyanark
name: Sineenart Kerdsap
name: Patcharin Tanya
name: Ponsiri Liangsakul
name: NPeerasak Srinives1
Publisher: name: Faculty of Agriculture
Year: 2019
Subjects: J. integerrima, J. multifida, inter-specific hybridization, biomass potential

description: Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 47, 5, 917-928
Chern classes in equivariant bordism
Creators: name: Schwede, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55N22, 55N91, 55P91, 57R85

description: We introduce Chern classes in $U(m)$-equivariant homotopical bordism that refine the Conner-Floyd-Chern classes in the $MU$-cohomology of $B U(m)$. For products of unitary groups, our Chern classes form regular sequences that generate the augmentation ideal of the equivariant bordism rings. Consequently, the Greenlees-May local homology spectral sequence collapses for products of unitary groups. We use the Chern classes to reprove the $MU$-completion theorem of Greenlees-May and La Vecchia.
Clinically Relevant Latent Space Embedding of Cancer Histopathology Slides through Variational Autoencoder Based Image Compression
Creators: name: Nasr, Mohammad Sadegh
name: Hajighasemi, Amir
name: Koomey, Paul
name: Malidarreh, Parisa Boodaghi
name: Robben, Michael
name: Saurav, Jillur Rahman
name: Shang, Helen H.
name: Huber, Manfred
name: Luber, Jacob M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In this paper, we introduce a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) based training approach that can compress and decompress cancer pathology slides at a compression ratio of 1:512, which is better than the previously reported state of the art (SOTA) in the literature, while still maintaining accuracy in clinical validation tasks. The compression approach was tested on more common computer vision datasets such as CIFAR10, and we explore which image characteristics enable this compression ratio on cancer imaging data but not generic images. We generate and visualize embeddings from the compressed latent space and demonstrate how they are useful for clinical interpretation of data, and how in the future such latent embeddings can be used to accelerate search of clinical imaging data.
Photocounting measurements with dead time and afterpulses in the continuous-wave regime
Creators: name: Semenov, A. A.
name: Samelin, J.
name: Boldt, Ch.
name: Schünemann, M.
name: Reiher, C.
name: Vogel, W.
name: Hage, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The widely used experimental technique of continuous-wave detection assumes counting pulses of photocurrent from a click-type detector inside a given measurement time window. With such a procedure we miss out the photons detected after each photocurrent pulse during the detector dead time. Additionally, each pulse may initialize so-called afterpulse, which is not associated with the real photons. We derive the corresponding quantum photocounting formula and experimentally verify its validity. Statistics of photocurrent pulses appears to be nonlinear with respect to quantum state, which is explained by the memory effect of the previous measurement time windows. Expressions -- in general, nonlinear -- connecting statistics of photons and pulses are derived for different measurement scenarios. We also consider an application of the obtained results to quantum state reconstruction with unbalanced homodyne detection.
description: 23 pages, 19 figures
Earth matter density uncertainty in atmospheric neutrino oscillations
Creators: name: Gu, Pei-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: That muon neutrinos $ν_μ$ oscillating into the mixture of tau neutrinos $ν_τ$ and sterile neutrinos $ν_{s}$ has been studied to explain the atmospheric $ν_μ$ disappearance. In this scenario, the effect of Earth matter is a key to determine the fraction of $ν_{s}$. Considering that the Earth matter density has uncertainty and this uncertainty has significant effects in some neutrino oscillation cases, such as the CP violation in very long baseline neutrino oscillations and the day-night asymmetry for solar neutrinos, we study the effects caused by this uncertainty in the above atmospheric $ν_μ$ oscillation scenario. We find that this uncertainty seems to have no significant effects and that the previous fitting results need not to be modified fortunately.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
One-dimensional colloidal model with dielectric inhomogeneity
Creators: name: Varela, Lucas
name: Tellez, Gabriel
name: Trizac, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a one-dimensional model allowing analytical derivation of the effective interactions between two charged colloids. We evaluate exactly the partition function for an electroneutral salt-free suspension with dielectric jumps at the colloids' position. We derive a contact relation with the pressure that shows there is like-charge attraction, whether or not the counterions are confined between the colloids. In contrast to the homogeneous dielectric case, there is the possibility for the colloids to attract despite the number of counter-ions ($N$) being even. The results are shown to recover the mean-field prediction in the limit $N\to \infty$.
Change detection of vegetation cover of Baghdad Green Belt Project fayoum.pdf
Creators: name: Kusay Wheib
name: R K Albulatiff
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 70199 Agriculture, Land and Farm Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other agricultural sciences
subject: 70104 Agricultural Spatial Analysis and Modelling

description: Green belt project suggested by the ministries of environment, agriculture, and water resources in 2009 was evaluated using change detection technology to assess the natural and cropped vegetation in term of NDVI for the years of 2009 and 2018, it was found that NDVI was enhanced in the later year 2018 as compared to the first year 2009 and that was related to many reasons. Two main reasons were affecting that index (NDVI) soil salinity and soil textural classes besides the main effective factor of the vicinity and availability of irrigation water.
Landau functions for non-interacting bosons
Creators: name: Sinner, Andreas
name: Schuetz, Florian
name: Kopietz, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the statistics of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in a canonical ensemble of N non-interacting bosons in terms of a Landau function L_N^{BEC} (q) defined by the logarithm of the probability distribution of the order parameter q for BEC. We also discuss the corresponding Landau function for spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB), which for finite N should be distinguished from L_N^{BEC}. Only for intinite N BEC and SSB can be described by the same Landau function which depends on the dimensionality and on the form of the external potential in a surprisingly complex manner. For bosons confined by a three-dimensional harmonic trap the Landau function exhibits the usual behavior expected for continuous phase transitions.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; final version to appear as a rapid communication in Physical Review A. Abstract modified and typos corrected
Phonon-induced Exciton Dephasing in Quantum Dot Molecules
Creators: name: Muljarov, E. A.
name: Takagahara, T.
name: Zimmermann, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new microscopic approach to the optical transitions in quantum dots and quantum dot molecules, which accounts for both diagonal and non-diagonal exciton-phonon interaction, is developed. The cumulant expansion of the linear polarization is generalized to a multilevel system and is applied to calculation of the full time dependence of the polarization and the absorption spectrum. In particular, the broadening of zero-phonon lines is evaluated directly. It is found that in some range of the dot distance real phonon-assisted transitions between exciton states dominate the dephasing, while virtual transitions are of minor importance. The influence of Coulomb interaction, tunneling, and structural asymmetry on the exciton dephasing in quantum dot molecules is analyzed.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Change detection of vegetation cover of Baghdad Green Belt Project fayoum.pdf
Creators: name: Kusay Wheib
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 70199 Agriculture, Land and Farm Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other agricultural sciences
subject: 70104 Agricultural Spatial Analysis and Modelling

description: Green belt project suggested by the ministries of environment, agriculture, and water resources in 2009 was evaluated using change detection technology to assess the natural and cropped vegetation in term of NDVI for the years of 2009 and 2018, it was found that NDVI was enhanced in the later year 2018 as compared to the first year 2009 and that was related to many reasons. Two main reasons were affecting that index (NDVI) soil salinity and soil textural classes besides the main effective factor of the vicinity and availability of irrigation water.
Transport on Adaptive Random Lattices
Creators: name: Ritzerveld, Jelle
name: Icke, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present a new method for the solution of those linear transport processes that may be described by a Master Equation, such as electron, neutron and photon transport, and more exotic variants thereof. We base our algorithm on a Markov process on a Voronoi-Delaunay grid, a nonperiodic lattice which is derived from a random point process that is chosen to optimally represent certain properties of the medium through which the transport occurs. Our grid is locally translation and rotation invariant in the mean. We illustrate our approach by means of a particular example, in which the expectation value of the length of a grid line corresponds to the local mean free path. In this example, the lattice is a direct representation of the `free path space' of the medium. Subsequently, transport is defined as simply moving particles from one node to the next, interactions taking place at each point. We derive the statistical properties of such lattices, describe the limiting behavior, and show how interactions are incorporated as global coefficients. Two elementary linear transport problems are discussed: that of free ballistic transport, and the transport of particles through a scattering medium. We also mention a combination of these two. We discuss the efficiency of our method, showing that it is much faster than most other methods, because the operation count does not scale with the number of sources. (ABRIDGED)
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, to appear in PRE; revised version to match accepted version