cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Vocal resonance and musical style
Creators: name: YI, Wei
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: This research considers vocal resonance and musical style. A growing body of literature considers vocal resonance, particularly its association with pitch, loudness, and timbre. However, the relationship between vocal resonance and musical style needs further investigation. Research of vocal resonance is primarily based on acoustic properties. Acoustic software visualises audio information (formants, intensity, and vibrato) and provides objective results. However, findings of aural perception and subsequent analysis of vocal sound are less explored. To gain a complete understanding of vocal resonance and musical style, comprehensive research is required. The research design includes both acoustic and perceptual analyses of the singing voice, and employs a mix-method approach, using both qualitative and quantitative measures. To aid in the consistency of voice samples, the researcher is also the singer in the study, and autoethnography is utilised. To allow for additional perceptions to be considered, an expert listening panel also participated. Also, included are reliability, validity, and ethics considerations. Through the collection of audio and visual recordings, data on the resonance alterations across musical styles were collected. The diverse range of musical styles included classical, musical theatre, popular and Chinese folk/traditional. The subsequent analyses were performed from four perspectives: audio recordings (acoustics), video recordings (mouth shape), self-perception and ratings by expert listeners. The findings of this stage determined the characteristics related to the identification of vocal resonance in each style. Finally, self-perception and the expert panel’s results were compared and discussed. In conclusion, the individual singer’s relationship between vocal resonance and musical style was determined. Models were developed that demonstrate vocal resonance across musical styles, where the vocal features of singing were comprehensively considered. It was identified that a singer’s multifaceted self-awareness, including their individual sound, training, singing techniques and aspects of musical style, determines effective vocal resonance for singing multiple styles.
Chemistry and Radiative Transfer of Water in Cold, Dense Clouds
Creators: name: Keto, Eric
name: Rawlings, Jonathan
name: Caselli, Paola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Herschel Space Observatory's recent detections of water vapor in the cold, dense cloud L1544 allow a direct comparison between observations and chemical models for oxygen species in conditions just before star formation. We explain a chemical model for gas phase water, simplified for the limited number of reactions or processes that are active in extreme cold ($
description: submitted to MNRAS
Collectively canalizing Boolean functions
Creators: name: Kadelka, Claus
name: Keilty, Benjamin
name: Laubenbacher, Reinhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This paper studies the mathematical properties of collectively canalizing Boolean functions, a class of functions that has arisen from applications in systems biology. Boolean networks are an increasingly popular modeling framework for regulatory networks, and the class of functions studied here captures a key feature of biological network dynamics, namely that a subset of one or more variables, under certain conditions, can dominate the value of a Boolean function, to the exclusion of all others. These functions have rich mathematical properties to be explored. The paper shows how the number and type of such sets influence a function's behavior and define a new measure for the canalizing strength of any Boolean function. We further connect the concept of collective canalization with the well-studied concept of the average sensitivity of a Boolean function. The relationship between Boolean functions and the dynamics of the networks they form is important in a wide range of applications beyond biology, such as computer science, and has been studied with statistical and simulation-based methods. But the rich relationship between structure and dynamics remains largely unexplored, and this paper is intended as a contribution to its mathematical foundation.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures
In silico prediction of mutant HIV-1 proteases cleaving a target sequence
Creators: name: Jensen, Jan H.
name: Willemoës, Martin
name: Winther, Jakob R.
name: De Vico, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: HIV-1 protease represents an appealing system for directed enzyme re-design, since it has various different endogenous targets, a relatively simple structure and it is well studied. Recently Chaudhury and Gray (Structure (2009) 17: 1636 -- 1648) published a computational algorithm to discern the specificity determining residues of HIV-1 protease. In this paper we present two computational tools aimed at re-designing HIV-1 protease, derived from the algorithm of Chaudhuri and Gray. First, we present an energy-only based methodology to discriminate cleavable and non cleavable peptides for HIV-1 proteases, both wild type and mutant. Secondly, we show an algorithm we developed to predict mutant HIV-1 proteases capable of cleaving a new target substrate peptide, different from the natural targets of HIV-1 protease. The obtained in silico mutant enzymes were analyzed in terms of cleavability and specificity towards the target peptide using the energy-only methodology. We found two mutant proteases as best candidates for specificity and cleavability towards the target sequence.
Effect of the tetragonal distortion on the electronic structure, phonons and superconductivity in the Mo3Sb7 superconductor
Creators: name: Wiendlocha, Bartlomiej
name: Sternik, Malgorzata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effect of tetragonal distortion on the electronic structure, dynamical properties and superconductivity in Mo$_3$Sb$_7$ is analyzed using first principles electronic structure and phonon calculations. Rigid muffin tin approximation (RMTA) and McMillan formulas are used to calculate the electron-phonon coupling constant $λ$ and superconducting critical temperature. Our results show, that tetragonal distortion has small, but beneficial effect on superconductivity, slightly increasing $λ$, and the conclusion that the electron-phonon mechanism is responsible for the superconductivity in Mo$_3$Sb$_7$ is supported. The spin-polarized calculations for the ordered (ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic), as well as disordered (disordered local moment) magnetic states yielded non-magnetic ground state. We point out that due to its experimentally observed magnetic properties the tetragonal Mo$_3$Sb$_7$ might be treated as noncentrosymmetric superconductor, which could have influence for the pairing symmetry. In this context the relativistic band structure is calculated and spin-orbit interaction effects are discussed.
Improvements to Stellar Structure Models, Based on a Grid of 3D Convection Simulations. I. $T(τ)$-Relations
Creators: name: Trampedach, Regner
name: Stein, Robert F.
name: Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen
name: Nordlund, Åke
name: Asplund, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relations between temperature, T, and optical depth, tau, are often used for describing the photospheric transition from optically thick to optically thin in stellar structure models. We show that this is well justified, but also that currently used T(tau) relations are often inconsistent with their implementation. As an outer boundary condition on the system of stellar structure equations, T(tau) relations have an undue effect on the overall structure of stars. In this age of precision asteroseismology, we need to re-assess both the method for computing and for implementing T(tau) relations, and the assumptions they rest on. We develop a formulation for proper and consistent evaluation of T(tau) relations from arbitrary 1D or 3D stellar atmospheres, and for their implementation in stellar structure and evolution models. We extract radiative T(tau) relations, as described by our new formulation, from 3D simulations of convection in deep stellar atmospheres of late-type stars from dwarfs to giants. These simulations employ realistic opacities and equation of state, and account for line-blanketing. For comparison, we also extract T(tau) relations from 1D MARCS model atmospheres using the same formulation. T(tau)-relations from our grid of 3D convection simulations display a larger range of behaviours with surface gravity, compared with those of conventional theoretical 1D hydrostatic atmosphere models. Based on this, we recommend no longer to use scaled solar T(tau) relations. Files with T(tau) relations for our grid of simulations are made available to the community, together with routines for interpolating in this irregular grid. We also provide matching tables of atmospheric opacity, for consistent implementation in stellar structure models.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 2014
There’s an elephant in the archive! Two 20th-century reports of Pleistocene remains in the Rome area
Creators: name: Altamura, Flavio
Publisher: name: Journal of Mediterranean Earth Sciences
Year: 2023

description: Two archival finds recounting the discovery of Pleistocene elephant remains in the Rome area are presented and analyzed. The first consists of two newspaper clippings kept in Filippo Passamonti’s archive (now in the Monastic Archives of the Abbey of Grottaferrata); dated 1934, they report the finding of a “mammoth” skeleton in the Valle Marciana (a maar formed during the last hydromagmatic phase of the Latium volcano), near the town of Grottaferrata. The second is a letter sent to Alberto Carlo Blanc in 1959 and found in his personal archive; it relates the discovery of the remains of Pleistocene elephants in the Fosso Sant’Agnese area in Rome, along the present-day course of the Aniene river, not far from the other known fossil deposits of Saccopastore and Sedia del Diavolo. In this paper, these archival items are put into topographic, historical, geological and archaeological context, adding new elements to our knowledge of the presence of paleontological remains in the Roman Campagna.
description: Journal of Mediterranean Earth Sciences, Vol. 15 (2023): In progress
Statistical Methods for Stable Distribution Using The Empirical Characteristic Function
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaonan
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Stable distributions are a class of distributions allowing heavy tail and skewness. Most of stable distributions lack closed-form expression for their densities, so that estimating parameters is a challenging problem. When distributions have no closed-form density expression, their characteristic function becomes a useful alternative to define the unique distribution. We use the empirical characteristic function, i.e. the sample analog of the characteristic function, for estimation and goodness-of-fit tests for data. The existing fixed interval empirical characteristic function method works well when the alpha parameter is large but performs poorly for small values of alpha. This study offers a modification based on an adaptive grid to improve the estimation result for small alpha parameter without having a negative effect on the estimation of the other parameters. Goodness-of-fit tests based on the empirical characteristic function are also given and compared to classical tests based on the empirical cumulative distribution function.
Deidentified transcripts of focus groups and interviews and thematic aggregation of excerpted text (Excel coding framework with quotations) supporting ‘Adaptations to the Welsh National Exercise Referral Scheme during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study exploring the experiences of service users and providers and supplementary out-of-pocket costs analysis’ (PHIRST NERS project)
Creators: name: Newby, K
name: Howlett, N
name: Wagner, A.P.
name: Lloyd, N.
name: Freethy, I
name: Bontoft, C
name: Fakoya, O
name: Jackson, S
name: Jackson, C
name: Wills, W
name: McKibben, M.A
name: Petherick, A
name: Brown, K.E
Publisher: name: UH Research Archive
Year: 2023
Subjects: Physical activity
Exercise referral
Uptake
Adherence
Cost
Qualitative

description: Protocol available via research regsitry: https://www.researchregistry.com (#7842). Research aim: The aim of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators to uptake and engagement of the Welsh National Exercise Referral Scheme (NERS) when delivered in face-to-face and virtual formats, and to examine the cost to service users of engaging with scheme in these different ways. Maximum variation sampling was used to recruit participants. Interviews with service users (n=21) and one person who declined the service, and three focus groups with service providers (n=19), were conducted. Data were subjected to Framework analysis.
Spin-Polarized-Current State of Electrons in Bilayer Graphene
Creators: name: Yan, Xin-Zhong
name: Ting, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a model of spin-polarized-current state for electrons in bilayer graphene. The model resolves the puzzles as revealed by experiments that (a) the energy gap $E_{\rm gap}$ of the insulating ground state at the charge neutrality point (CNP) can be closed by a perpendicular electric field of either polarity, (b) $E_{\rm gap}$ increases significantly with increasing the magnetic field $B$, (c) the particle-hole spectrum is asymmetric in the presence of $B$, (d) there is a peak structure in the electric conductivity at small $B$ at the CNP, and (e) there are quantum Hall states stemming from lifting of degeneracy in the lowest Landau level. The model predicts that the ground state of the system close to the CNP is a ferrimagnet at finite $B$ and the Hall current is spin polarized.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, PRB Rapid Communication, to be published
Quantum networks: Anti-core of spin chains
Creators: name: Jonckheere, E.
name: Langbein, F. C.
name: Schirmer, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purpose of this paper is to exhibit a quantum network phenomenon - the anti-core---that goes against the classical network concept of congestion core. Classical networks idealized as infinite, Gromov hyperbolic spaces with least-cost path routing (and subject to a technical condition on the Gromov boundary) have a congestion core, defined as a subnetwork that routing paths have a high probability of visiting. Here, we consider quantum networks, more specifically spin chains, define the so-called maximum excitation transfer probability $p_{\max}(i,j)$ between spin $i$ and spin $j$, and show that the central spin has among all other spins the lowest probability of being excited or transmitting its excitation. The anti-core is singled out by analytical formulas for $p_{\mathrm{max}}(i,j)$, revealing the number theoretic properties of quantum chains. By engineering the chain, we further show that this probability can be made vanishingly small.
description: to appear in QIP
Laminar-Turbulent Transition: The change of the flow state temperature with the Reynolds number
Creators: name: Chekmarev, Sergei F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the previously developed model to describe laminar/turbulent states of a viscous fluid flow, which treats the flow as a collection of coherent structures of various size (Chekmarev, Chaos, 2013, 013144), the statistical temperature of the flow state is determined as a function of the Reynolds number. It is shown that at small Reynolds numbers, associated with laminar states, the temperature is positive, while at large Reynolds numbers, associated with turbulent states, it is negative. At intermediate Reynolds numbers, the temperature changes from positive to negative as the size of the coherent structures increases, similar to what was predicted by Onsager for a system of parallel point-vortices in an inviscid fluid. It is also shown that in the range of intermediate Reynolds numbers the temperature exhibits a power-law divergence characteristic of second-order phase transitions.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Collective payments for ecosystem services
Creators: name: Kaiser, Josef
name: Haase, Dagmar
name: Krueger, Tobias
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: collective action
subject: collective payments for ecosystem services
subject: commodification
subject: community-based payments for ecosystem services
subject: environmental governance
subject: land tenure
subject: privatization
subject: property
subject: 577 Ökologie

description: Payments for ecosystem services (PES) gained an increasing importance in science and politics within the last decades. Although the enthusiasm about PES is particularly high in Environmental Economics, opponents criticize the market-based character of PES and the associated commodification as well as privatization trends. By means of a systematic literature review we aim at shedding light on the complex and controversial debate about how to define commodification and related privatization processes and how they are linked to PES outcomes. We do so by setting a particular focus on the potentials and challenges of community-based and collective PES (C-PES), also in contrast to PES targeting land under private land tenure (P-PES). Our results reveal that C-PES show promising results when targeting local communities with a high level of social capital. However, there is a lack of studies that systematically assess the relations between different degrees of commodification and the ecological and social outcome of PES programs. For this reason, we provide a new conceptual framework of commodification by highlighting two interrelated spheres, where PES-related commodification processes take place: The first sphere relates to the commodification of ES-providing land, which greatly depends on the land tenure regime in place. The second sphere addresses the commodification of ecosystem services (ES). Our review indicates that C-PES show rather low degrees of commodification in the first sphere because the ES-providing land is often less embedded into private land markets. This is due to often missing alienation rights, more complex decision-making processes, and a potentially lower profit-orientation of the landowners. Empirical long-term studies are needed to investigate changes in both spheres of commodification over time, their potential interactions, and how they affect the outcome of C-PES and P-PES programs.
Milagro Observations of Potential TeV Emitters
Creators: name: Abdo, A. A.
name: Abeysekara, A. U.
name: Allen, B. T.
name: Aune, T.
name: Barber, A. S.
name: Berley, D.
name: Braun, J.
name: Chen, C.
name: Christopher, G. E.
name: DeYoung, T.
name: Dingus, B. L.
name: Ellsworth, R. W.
name: Gonzalez, M. M.
name: Goodman, J. A.
name: Hays, E.
name: Hoffman, C. M.
name: Huntemeyer, P. H.
name: Imran, A.
name: Kolterman, B. E.
name: Linnemann, J. T.
name: McEnery, J. E.
name: Morgan, T.
name: Mincer, A. I.
name: Nemethy, P.
name: Pretz, J.
name: Ryan, J. M.
name: Parkinson, P. M. Saz
name: Schneider, M.
name: Shoup, A.
name: Sinnis, G.
name: Smith, A. J.
name: Vasileiou, V.
name: Walker, G. P.
name: Williams, D. A.
name: Yodh, G. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reports the results from three targeted searches of Milagro TeV sky maps: two extragalactic point source lists and one pulsar source list. The first extragalactic candidate list consists of 709 candidates selected from the Fermi-LAT 2FGL catalog. The second extragalactic candidate list contains 31 candidates selected from the TeVCat source catalog that have been detected by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). In both extragalactic candidate lists Mkn 421 was the only source detected by Milagro. This paper presents the Milagro TeV flux for Mkn 421 and flux limits for the brighter Fermi-LAT extragalactic sources and for all TeVCat candidates. The pulsar list extends a previously published Milagro targeted search for Galactic sources. With the 32 new gamma-ray pulsars identified in 2FGL, the number of pulsars that are studied by both Fermi-LAT and Milagro is increased to 52. In this sample, we find that the probability of Milagro detecting a TeV emission coincident with a pulsar increases with the GeV flux observed by the Fermi-LAT in the energy range from 0.1 GeV to 100 GeV.
description: 18 pages, 6 Figures and 4 tables
Characterizing the Impact of Specific Genetic Mutations on Chemotherapy Resistance and the Efficacy of Oncolytic Viruses for the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer
Creators: name: Cudmore, Alison
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2022
Subjects: Ovarian Cancer
Oncolytic Virus
Immunotherapy
Tumour Mutations
Carboplatin
High Grade Serous Carcinoma
Murine Models
Tumour Microenvironment

description: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer and urgently requires new therapies. Oncolytic viruses (OV) are a strong contender. OVs interact with immune components of the TME, which can be altered due to specific genetic mutations. The present study evaluates the impact of specific tumour mutations on the response to carboplatin, the current standard of care, and VSV∆M51, a promising OV candidate. After a study of genetically diverse models, constitutive KRas activation enhanced VSV∆M51 replication in-vitro and sensitivity in syngeneic in-vivo models. VSV∆M51 prolonged survival in syngeneic tumour- bearing mice with KRas, Trp53 and Pten mutations, including one tumour model that did not respond to carboplatin. Response to VSV∆M51 in-vivo was associated with activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the peritoneal TME. In summary, VSV∆M51-based immunotherapy has shown promise in diverse murine models of EOC bearing clinically relevant mutations.
Two-Queen Colonies in central Highland Conditions of Ethiopia Increase Population Size and Honey Yield
Creators: name: Kibebew Wakjira
name: Taye Negera
name: Tolera Kumsa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Two-Queen Colonies in central Highland Conditions of Ethiopia Increase Population Size and Honey Yield
Updating the CSNS injector linac to 250 MeV with superconducting double-spoke cavities
Creators: name: Zhi-Hui, LI
name: Shi-Nian, FU
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to update the beam power from 100 kW to 250 kW in China spallation neutron source (CSNS) Phase II, one of the important measures is to replace the 80 meters long beam transport line between the present 80 MeV linac injector and the RCS to another kind of acceleration structure. In this paper, we proposed a scheme based on 324 MHz double-spoke superconducting cavities. Unlike the superconducting elliptical cavity and normal conducting CCL structure, the double-spoke cavity belongs to TE mode structure and has smaller transvers dimension compared with that of TH mode one. It can work at base frequency as the DTL section, so that the cost and complexity of the RF system will be much decreased, and the behaviors of the beam dynamics are also improved significantly because of the low charge density and larger longitudinal acceptance. Furthermore, because of the relatively longer interactive length between charged particle and the electromagnetic field per cell, it needs relatively less cell numbers and it has larger velocity acceptance compared with the double frequency TH structures. The superconducting section consists of 14 cryomodules, each of which includes 3 superconducting cavities and a doublet. The general considerations on cavity and beam dynamics design are discussed and the main results are presented.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Migratory Beekeeping as Strategy to Harvest Multiseason Honey in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Tolera Kumsa
name: Tura Bareke
name: Admassu Addi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Migratory Beekeeping as Strategy to Harvest Multiseason Honey in Ethiopia
Faster Lagrangian-Based Methods in Convex Optimization
Creators: name: Sabach, Shoham
name: Teboulle, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90C25, 65K05

description: In this paper, we aim at unifying, simplifying and improving the convergence rate analysis of Lagrangian-based methods for convex optimization problems. We first introduce the notion of nice primal algorithmic map, which plays a central role in the unification and in the simplification of the analysis of most Lagrangian-based methods. Equipped with a nice primal algorithmic map, we then introduce a versatile generic scheme, which allows for the design and analysis of Faster LAGrangian (FLAG) methods with new provably sublinear rate of convergence expressed in terms of function values and feasibility violation of the original (non-ergodic) generated sequence. To demonstrate the power and versatility of our approach and results, we show that most well-known iconic Lagrangian-based schemes admit a nice primal algorithmic map, and hence share the new faster rate of convergence results within their corresponding FLAG.
description: Minor corrections
Extension theorems for self-dual codes over rings and new binary self-dual codes
Creators: name: Kaya, Abidin
name: Yildiz, Bahattin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, extension theorems are generalized to self-dual codes over rings and as applications many new binary self-dual extremal codes are found from self-dual codes over F_2^m+uF_2^m for m = 1, 2. The duality and distance preserving Gray maps from F4 +uF4 to (F_2 +uF_2)^2 and (F_4)^2 are used to obtain self-dual codes whose binary Gray images are [64,32,12]-extremal self-dual. An F_2+uF_2-extension is used and as binary images, 178 extremal binary self-dual codes of length 68 with new weight enumerators are obtained. Especially the first examples of codes with gamma=3 and many codes with the rare gamma= 4, 6 parameters are obtained. In addition to these, two hundred fifty doubly even self dual [96,48,16]-codes with new weight enumerators are obtained from four-circulant codes over F_4 + uF_4. New extremal doubly even binary codes of lengths 80 and 88 are also found by the F_2+uF_2-lifts of binary four circulant codes and a corresponding result about 3-designs is stated.
description: under review since April 2014, 14 pages, 12 tables
To Hedge or Wedge? Geographic Proximity, Signaling, and Power Transition
Creators: name: Hu, Junyang
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Great Power Competition
subject: Alliance Politics
subject: Non-Military Strategies
subject: Geography
subject: Signaling
subject: Anglo-German Relations
subject: U.S.-China Relations

description: When and why do rising states hedge or wedge hegemonic states? What determines the optimal competitive strategies of rising powers against the hegemon that challenges their security interests? This article explores the debate on how the rising great power resorts to non-warfare strategies to compete with the dominant power during the power shift. Rising states primarily base their decisions on two factors: first, the geopolitical distance between the rival states—whether the two reside in the same region; and second, the commonality of intra-alliance security interests between the great power patron and its allies. The interaction between these non-material variables essentially constitutes a signaling mechanism, which yields different strategic options for rising states in response to a particular format of balancing against the main opponent(s). Evidence drawn from extensive historiography and primary documents of imperial Germany’s pre-war foreign policy towards Great Britain and China’s strategies toward Taiwan provides a demonstration for this argument. The findings shed light on how great powers manage security competition as an alternative to conventional accounts of warfare tactics.
Microscopic and Macroscopic Entropy of Extremal Black Holes in String Theory
Creators: name: Sen, Ashoke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a short review summarizing the current status of the comparison between microscopic and macroscopic entropy of extremal BPS black holes in string theory.
description: 12 pages, based on talk given at GR20 conference at Warsaw
Exact Mapping from Singular Value Spectrum of Fractal Images to Entanglement Spectrum of One-Dimensional Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Lee, Ching Hua
name: Yamada, Yuki
name: Kumamoto, Tatsuya
name: Matsueda, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the snapshot entropy of general fractal images defined by their singular values. Remarkably, the singular values for a large class of fractals are in exact correspondence with the entanglement spectrum of free fermions in one dimension. These fermions allow for a holographic interpretation of the logarithmic scaling of the snapshot entropy, which is in agreement with the Calabrese-Cardy formula. However, the coarse-grained entropy exhibits a linear scaling due to the degeneracy of the spectrum, in contrast with the logarithmic scaling behavior in one-dimensional quantum near-critical systems.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Realizations of Affine Lie Algebra A_^(1) at Negative Levels
Creators: name: Dong, Jilan
name: Jing, Naihuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Primary: 17B67, Secondary: 17B10

description: A realization of the affine Lie algebra ${A^{(1)}_1}$ and the relevant $Z$-algebra at negative level $-k$ is given in terms of parafermions. This generalizes the recent work on realization of the affine Lie algebra at the critical level.
description: 12 pages. Paper presented at Conference on Algebra, Geometry and Mathematical Physics held at the University of Haute Alsace, France, October 2011. A. Makhlouf et al. (eds.), Algebra, Geometry and Mathematical Physics, Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics 85, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 2014
Benchmark of GPU-accelerated bioinformatics methods for processing raw RNA-seq data
Creators: name: Bardet Etienne
name: Bazelle Pauline
name: Wiart Nicolas
name: Christophe, Battail
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The emergence of personalized medicine requires being able to produce and process huge amounts of biological data generated from a patients' biological samples, in a quick manner and at a reasonable cost.
 While modern sequencing technologies have keep up with these need, and are now able to produce large amount of data in record time, bioinformatics tools still have to make this transformation.
 Indeed, most bioinformatics methods focus more on the accuracy of their results than on the speed of their execution. This creates a situation where bioinformatics analysis can create a bootlneck. To remedy that problem, we have to look at ways to speed up the analysis. NVIDIA, one of the world’s largest GPU manufacturer recently released the 3rd version of it’s Clara Parabricks suite, which accelerates populars bioinformatics tools by allowing them to use GPU for theirs calculations. However, Parabricks has only been independently benchmarked on it’s ability to handle genomic data and not RNAseq data. We thus propose to benchmark parabricks on RNAseq data.
Tartu Ülikooli arstiteaduskonna aastapäeva teaduskonverents 2020
Creators: name: Toimetus, Eesti Arsti
Publisher: name: Eesti Arst
Year: 2020

description: Eesti Arst 2020;99(Lisa 2):1–56
description: Eesti Arst, 2020: Lisa 2: Tartu Ülikooli arstiteaduskonna aastapäeva teaduskonverents 2020
A partitioned scheme for fluid-composite structure interaction problems
Creators: name: Bukac, Martina
name: Canic, Suncica
name: Muha, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a loosely-coupled partitioned scheme for a benchmark problem in fluid-composite structure interaction. The benchmark problem proposed here consists of an incompressible, viscous fluid interacting with a composite structure that consists of two layers: a thin elastic layer which is in contact with the fluid, and a thick elastic layer which sits on top of the thin layer. The motivation comes from fluid-structure interaction (FSI) in hemodyam- ics. The equations of linear elasticity are used to model the thick structural layer, while the Koiter member/shell equations are used to model the thin structural layer which serves as fluid-structure interface with mass. An effi- cient, modular, operator-splitting scheme is proposed to simulate solutions to the coupled, nonlinear FSI problem. The operator splitting scheme sepa- rates the elastodynamics structure problem, from a fluid problem in which the thin structure inertia is included as a Robin-type boundary condition to achieve unconditional stability, without requiring any sub-iterations within time-steps. An energy estimate associated with unconditional stability is derived for the fully nonlinear FSI problem defined on moving domains. Two instructive numerical examples are presented to test the performance of the scheme, where it is shown numerically, that the scheme is at least first-order accurate in time. The second example reveals a new phenomenon in FSI problems: the presence of a thin fluid-structure interface with mass regularizes solutions to the full FSI problem.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1311.3324
Residual Matrix Product State for Machine Learning
Creators: name: Meng, Ye-Ming
name: Zhang, Jing
name: Zhang, Peng
name: Gao, Chao
name: Ran, Shi-Ju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tensor network, which originates from quantum physics, is emerging as an efficient tool for classical and quantum machine learning. Nevertheless, there still exists a considerable accuracy gap between tensor network and the sophisticated neural network models for classical machine learning. In this work, we combine the ideas of matrix product state (MPS), the simplest tensor network structure, and residual neural network and propose the residual matrix product state (ResMPS). The ResMPS can be treated as a network where its layers map the "hidden" features to the outputs (e.g., classifications), and the variational parameters of the layers are the functions of the features of the samples (e.g., pixels of images). This is different from neural network, where the layers map feed-forwardly the features to the output. The ResMPS can equip with the non-linear activations and dropout layers, and outperforms the state-of-the-art tensor network models in terms of efficiency, stability, and expression power. Besides, ResMPS is interpretable from the perspective of polynomial expansion, where the factorization and exponential machines naturally emerge. Our work contributes to connecting and hybridizing neural and tensor networks, which is crucial to further enhance our understand of the working mechanisms and improve the performance of both models.
DIGS: Deep Inference of Galaxy Spectra with Neural Posterior Estimation
Creators: name: Khullar, Gourav
name: Nord, Brian
name: Ciprijanovic, Aleksandra
name: Poh, Jason
name: Xu, Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the advent of billion-galaxy surveys with complex data, the need of the hour is to efficiently model galaxy spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with robust uncertainty quantification. The combination of Simulation-Based inference (SBI) and amortized Neural Posterior Estimation (NPE) has been successfully used to analyse simulated and real galaxy photometry both precisely and efficiently. In this work, we utilise this combination and build on existing literature to analyse simulated noisy galaxy spectra. Here, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept study of spectra that is a) an efficient analysis of galaxy SEDs and inference of galaxy parameters with physically interpretable uncertainties; and b) amortized calculations of posterior distributions of said galaxy parameters at the modest cost of a few galaxy fits with MCMC methods. We utilise the SED generator and inference framework Prospector to generate simulated spectra, and train a dataset of 2$\times$10$^6$ spectra (corresponding to a 5-parameter SED model) with NPE. We show that SBI -- with its combination of fast and amortized posterior estimations -- is capable of inferring accurate galaxy stellar masses and metallicities. Our uncertainty constraints are comparable to or moderately weaker than traditional inverse-modeling with Bayesian MCMC methods (e.g., 0.17 and 0.26 dex in stellar mass and metallicity for a given galaxy, respectively). We also find that our inference framework conducts rapid SED inference (0.9-1.2$\times$10$^5$ galaxy spectra via SBI/SNPE at the cost of 1 MCMC-based fit). With this work, we set the stage for further work that focuses of SED fitting of galaxy spectra with SBI, in the era of JWST galaxy survey programs and the wide-field Roman Space Telescope spectroscopic surveys.
description: Manuscript accepted in Machine Learning: Science and Technology (MLST) as a Letter (October 10th, 2022); 12 Pages, 6 Figures and 1 Table; Data and code can be found in published github repository
Freely quasiconformal maps and distance ratio metric
Creators: name: Li, Y.
name: Ponnusamy, S.
name: Vuorinen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 30C65, 30F45, Secondary: 30C20

description: Suppose that $E$ and $E'$ denote real Banach spaces with dimension at least $2$ and that $D\subset E$ and $D'\subset E'$ are domains. In this paper, we establish, in terms of the $j_D$ metric, a necessary and sufficient condition for the homeomorphism $f: E \to E'$ to be FQC. Moreover, we give, in terms of the $j_D$ metric, a sufficient condition for the homeomorphism $f: D\to D'$ to be FQC. On the other hand, we show that this condition is not necessary.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1110.6269
title: Regulation of gene expression in the brain by the Alzheimer’s disease-implicated transcription factor REST
Creators: name: Parmar, Amishaben Ramanbhai
Publisher: name: University of Central Lancashire
Year: 2024

description: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a global challenge. In 2019, AD ranked as the seventh leading cause of death. The development of therapeutic strategies is an urgent requirement to cure or at least to cease the progression of the disease. The transcription factor REST, also known as NRSF play a key role in neuroprotection in the ageing population. The presence of REST in the brains of patients with AD has been shown to be associated with improved cognitive functions. To examine the implication of REST in AD further, the role of REST in the brain was studied using a genetically modified conditional knockout (cKO) mouse model lacking REST in the postnatal forebrain previously generated by the supervisor of this project. Western blot analysis and RNA sequencing approaches were used to determine the mechanisms regulated by REST. The levels of protein products of immediate early genes c-FOS, ARC, EGR1, and NPAS4; memory gene CREB and its active form phospho-CREB; and histone deacetylase HDAC2 were estimated using western blot technique. The western blot analysis revealed a remarkable elevation in levels of c-FOS and a significant decline in ARC levels in the hippocampus and neocortex of Rest cKO genotype when compared with control, along with no significant change in levels of NPAS4 and HDAC2. CREB and phosphorylated CREB levels were reduced in the neocortex; in contrast, CREB levels were elevated along with no change in levels of phosphorylated CREB in the hippocampus of Rest cKO genotype. Furthermore, global transcriptome changes in the hippocampus of Rest cKO compared to control genotype were assessed using RNA-seq, which revealed significant upregulation in Cd74, Apoe, and repression in Oxr1 gene expression in the hippocampus of Rest cKO genotype. Additionally, enrichment analysis using different approaches such as gene ontology enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction network analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis showed activation of immune response together with impaired myelination and perturbed synaptic processes in Rest cKO genotype in comparison to control. This study signifies the potential role of REST in cellular and molecular processes in the brain. Certainly, Rest cKO genotype exhibited certain molecular changes as seen in AD such as significant elevation in c-FOS levels. A better understanding of the role of REST in the brain can facilitate the discovery of possible novel therapeutic targets relevant to AD.
Observation of the $X(1840)$ at BESIII
Creators: name: Zhang, Jingqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observation of the $X(1840)$ in the $3(π^+π^-)$ invariant mass in $J/ψ\rightarrowγ3(π^+π^-)$ at BESIII is reviewed. With a sample of $225.3\times10^6$ $J/ψ$ events collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII, the $X(1840)$ is observed with a statistical significance of $7.6σ$. The mass, width and product branching fraction of the $X(1840)$ are determined. The decay $η^\prime\rightarrow 3(π^+π^-)$ is searched for, and the upper limit of the branching fraction is set at the 90% confidence level.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, proceeding of PIC2013
A Population-based Hybrid Approach to Hyperparameter Optimization for Neural Networks
Creators: name: Serqueira, Marcello
name: González, Pedro
name: Bezerra, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, large amounts of data have been generated, and computer power has kept growing. This scenario has led to a resurgence in the interest in artificial neural networks. One of the main challenges in training effective neural network models is finding the right combination of hyperparameters to be used. Indeed, the choice of an adequate approach to search the hyperparameter space directly influences the accuracy of the resulting neural network model. Common approaches for hyperparameter optimization are Grid Search, Random Search, and Bayesian Optimization. There are also population-based methods such as CMA-ES. In this paper, we present HBRKGA, a new population-based approach for hyperparameter optimization. HBRKGA is a hybrid approach that combines the Biased Random Key Genetic Algorithm with a Random Walk technique to search the hyperparameter space efficiently. Several computational experiments on eight different datasets were performed to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Results showed that HBRKGA could find hyperparameter configurations that outperformed (in terms of predictive quality) the baseline methods in six out of eight datasets while showing a reasonable execution time.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures
Photonic Integrated Devices for Nonlinear Optics
Creators: name: Caspani, Lucia
name: Duchesne, David
name: Dolgaleva, Ksenia
name: Wagner, Sean
name: Ferrera, Marcello
name: Razzari, Luca
name: Pasquazi, Alessia
name: Peccianti, Marco
name: Moss, David J.
name: Aitchison, J. Stewart
name: Morandotti, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review our recent progresses on frequency conversion in integrated devices, focusing primarily on experiments based on strip-loaded and quantum-well intermixed AlGaAs waveguides, and on CMOS-compatible high-index doped silica glass waveguides. The former includes both second- and third-order interactions, demonstrating wavelength conversion by tunable difference-frequency generation over a bandwidth of more than nm, as well as broadband self-phase modulation and tunable four-wave mixing. The latter includes four-wave mixing using low-power continuous-wave light in microring resonators as well as hyper-parametric oscillation in a high quality factor resonator, towards the realization of an integrated multiple wavelength source with important applications for telecommunications, spectroscopy, and metrology.
description: 49 pages 119 references 19 figures
ASSESSING THE PRACTICES OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS: THE CASE OF INFORMATION NETWORK SECURITY AGENCY (INSA
Creators: name: MOHAMMED BIRHANU
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The main purpose of this study is to assess the project management practices of software development projects in the case of Information Network Security Agency (INSA) using the ten project management knowledge areas defined by PMBOK. It is a descriptive research. Primary data collection was done by questionnaire, semi structured interview and observation; and as to secondary data; related books, articles, journals and related materials in the study organization were reviewed. For data collection purposive (judgmental) sampling is applied. The target population of the study was INSA’s project management department. A total of 20 questionnaires were distributed and an in-depth interview were conducted with 8 employees. The response rate is 100%. For the data presentation and analysis SPSS version 20 and Microsoft Excel were used. Percentages and mean were used to analyze the data obtained. Major findings of the study revealed that most of the project management knowledge areas were not practiced effectively