cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamics of a Bose-Einstein Condensate with Weak Disorder
Creators: name: Falco, G. M.
name: Pelster, A.
name: Graham, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the thermodynamics of a homogeneous superfluid dilute Bose gas in the presence of weak quenched disorder. Following the zero-temperature approach of Huang and Meng, we diagonalize the Hamiltonian of a dilute Bose gas in an external random delta-correlated potential by means of a Bogoliubov transformation. We extend this approach to finite temperature by combining the Popov and the many-body T-matrix approximations. This approach permits us to include the quasi-particle interactions within this temperature range. We derive the disorder-induced shifts of the Bose-Einstein critical temperature and of the temperature for the onset of superfluidity by approaching the transition points from below, i.e., from the superfluid phase. Our results lead to a phase diagram consistent with that of the finite-temperature theory of Lopatin and Vinokur which was based on the replica method, and in which the transition points were approached from above.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Data-driven Aerodynamic Analysis of Structures using Gaussian Processes
Creators: name: Kavrakov, Igor
name: McRobie, Allan
name: Morgenthal, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: An abundant amount of data gathered during wind tunnel testing and health monitoring of structures inspires the use of machine learning methods to replicate the wind forces. This paper presents a data-driven Gaussian Process-Nonlinear Finite Impulse Response (GP-NFIR) model of the nonlinear self-excited forces acting on structures. Constructed in a nondimensional form, the model takes the effective wind angle of attack as lagged exogenous input and outputs a probability distribution of the forces. The nonlinear input/output function is modeled by a GP regression. Consequently, the model is nonparametric, thereby circumventing to set up the function's structure a priori. The training input is designed as random harmonic motion consisting of vertical and rotational displacements. Once trained, the model can predict the aerodynamic forces for both prescribed input motion and aeroelastic analysis. The concept is first verified for a flat plate's analytical solution by predicting the self-excited forces and flutter velocity. Finally, the framework is applied to a streamlined and bluff bridge deck based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) data. The model's ability to predict nonlinear aerodynamic forces, flutter velocity, and post-flutter behavior are highlighted. Applications of the framework are foreseen in the structural analysis during the design and monitoring of slender line-like structures.
description: 22 pages, 33 figures
Additional file 1 of Rebuilding hippocampus neural circuit with hADSC-derived neuron cells for treating ischemic stroke
Creators: name: Wang, Jian
name: Hao, Rui
name: Jiang, Tianfang
name: Guo, Xuanxuan
name: Zhou, Fei
name: Cao, Limei
name: Gao, Fengjuan
name: Wang, Guangming
name: Wang, Juan
name: Ning, Ke
name: Zhong, Chunlong
name: Chen, Xu
name: Huang, Ying
name: Xu, Jun
name: Gao, Shane
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Additional figures.
Η ανταγωνιστικότητα της ελληνικής οικονομίας στην περίοδο της οικονομικής κρίσης: σύγκριση ενός εξωστρεφή τομέα (τουρισμός) και ενός εσωστρεφή (βιομηχανικός κλάδος- μεταποίηση)
Creators: name: Ματζαράκη, Μαρίνα Παράσχου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ανταγωνιστικότητα
subject: Τουρισμός
subject: Μεταποίηση
subject: Competitiveness
subject: Tourism
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Industrial sector-processing

description: Σκοπός της διπλωματικής εργασίας ήταν η μελέτη της ανταγωνιστικότητας στην ελληνική οικονομία κατά την περίοδο της οικονομικής κρίσης του 2009. Εξετάσαμε τους όρους της ανταγωνιστικότητας καθώς και τον σημαντικό ρόλο που διαδραματίζει στην αναπτυξιακή πορεία και ευημερία των οικονομιών. Στη συνέχεια παρουσιάσαμε αναλυτικά τα βασικά χαρακτηριστικά της οικονομικής κρίσης καθώς και τους λόγους, οι οποίοι οδήγησαν την ελληνική οικονομία στην δημοσιονομική κρίση και στην κρίση χρέους. Ακόμη, αναφερθήκαμε στο νομικό πλαίσιο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης όσον αφορά την ανταγωνιστικότητα και τις δράσεις, τις οποίες ανέλαβε τόσο για την ενίσχυση της ανταγωνιστικότητας των κρατών-μελών όσο και για την αντιμετώπιση της οικονομικής κρίσης. Τέλος, συγκρίναμε δυο βασικούς πυλώνες της ελληνικής οικονομίας, ώστε να διαπιστώσουμε κατά πόσο συμβάλλουν στην ανταγωνιστικότητά της και την εξωστρέφειά της. Θεωρήσαμε λοιπόν τον τουριστικό κλάδο, ως έναν κλάδο ιδιαίτερα εξωστρεφή και τον κλάδο της μεταποίησης ως έναν κλάδο, ο οποίος αντιμετωπίζει προβλήματα λόγω του αδύναμου παραγωγικού ιστού της χώρας. Καταληκτικά, προτάθηκαν λύσεις, οι οποίες αφορούν την περαιτέρω βελτίωση του τουριστικού κλάδου, καθώς και την ενίσχυση της παραγωγικής βάσης με σκοπό την ανάπτυξη του μεταποιητικού τομέα.
description: The aim of the present thesis was the study of the competitiveness of the Greek economy during the 2009 financial crisis We examined the terms of competitiveness and the important role that play in the development and prosperity of economies. Then we presented in detail the key features of the economic crisis as well as the reasons that led the Greek economy to the financial and debt crisis. Furthermore, we analyzed the European Union's legal framework for competitiveness and the actions it has taken to enhance the competitiveness of Member States and to respond to the economic crisis. Furthermore, we compared two key pillars of the Greek economy to see if they contribute to its competitiveness and extroversion. So, we considered the tourism industry as a highly outward-looking sector and the industrial sector as a sector which is facing problems due to the weak productive fabric of the country. Finally, solutions have been proposed, which relate to the further improvement of the tourism industry as well as to the strengthening of the production base for the development of the industrial sector.
Effects of decision-making on the transport costs across complex networks
Creators: name: Gourley, Sean
name: Johnson, Neil F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the effects of agents' decisions on the creation of congestion on a centralized network with ring-and-hub topology. We show that there are two classes of agents each displaying a distinct set of behaviours. The dynamics of the system are driven by an interplay between the formation of, and transition between, unique stable states that arise as the network is varied. We show how the flow of objects across the network can be understood in terms of the ordering and allocation of strategies. Our results show that the existence of congestion in a network is a dynamic process that is as much dependent on the agents' decisions as it is on the structure of the network itself.
description: Special Issue on Complex Networks, edited by Dirk Helbing
Snapshots of the St. Lucian market place: computational strategies of another culture
Creators: name: Sul, G. Gay
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: While the teaching of paper and pencil algorithms dominates the elementary mathematics curriculum, outside of school both children and adults often abandon these methods in favor of their own informal strategies. A literature review showed the use of a large variety of procedures occurs across cultures, educational levels, and age groups. Schooling and experience with commercial transactions were factors found to affect the types of strategies utilized and the correctness of responses. This research, conducted in St. Lucia, West Indies, examined the mental computational strategies used by adult vendors (in the market, on the street, on the beach) and nonvendors. The daily activities of a vendor involve a substantial amount of mental calculation when engaging in financial transactions, in which accuracy is important; many, however, have only primary schooling or less. Vendors were also of interest because of their reputation on the island for being able to do quick and accurate calculations. Non-vendors consisted of two subgroups: teachers and people from other occupations (such as taxi drivers and bank tellers) with varying levels of education. Problems were presented orally in the context of buying goods in the marketplace, and subjects described the strategies they utilized to arrive at a solution. The questions focused on the following mathematical areas: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and estimation. Solution processes were categorized and the success in producing a correct answer was recorded. Data on the computational procedures taught in schools were collected. A wide range of strategies was used by both vendors and non-vendors. The amount of formal education had the most impact on the procedures utilized; experience with daily commercial transactions had little effect. Subjects with more schooling also produced more correct answers. Teachers frequently solved the problems using their own informal methods, but when asked what approach they would show their students for the same question, educators generally ignored what they had just done themselves and said they would rely on a written algorithm to demonstrate to children. Other than basic mathematics facts, there was little agreement or understanding of what mental computation encompasses. Rounding was the only estimation strategy being addressed. The computational routines being taught in schools do not reflect what was being used by people in everyday life. The findings contradict the widely held notion that vendors are accurate in their calculations. The results do not support some of the research where involvement with commercial transactions was found to be a predictor of success as compared to those without such experience; schooling was found to have greater effect on producing correct answers. Recommendations are made about the teaching of mental computation for both primary schools and adult numeracy programs.
Towards optimization of quantum circuits
Creators: name: Sedlak, Michal
name: Plesch, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Any unitary operation in quantum information processing can be implemented via a sequence of simpler steps - quantum gates. However, actual implementation of a quantum gate is always imperfect and takes a finite time. Therefore, seeking for a short sequence of gates - efficient quantum circuit for a given operation, is an important task. We contribute to this issue by proposing optimization of the well-known universal procedure proposed by Barenco et.al [1]. We also created a computer program which realizes both Barenco's decomposition and the proposed optimization. Furthermore, our optimization can be applied to any quantum circuit containing generalized Toffoli gates, including basic quantum gate circuits.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures, minor changes+typos
Towards Memristive Deep Learning Systems for Real-time Mobile Epileptic Seizure Prediction
Creators: name: Lammie, Corey
name: Xiang, Wei
name: Azghadi, Mostafa Rahimi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The unpredictability of seizures continues to distress many people with drug-resistant epilepsy. On account of recent technological advances, considerable efforts have been made using different hardware technologies to realize smart devices for the real-time detection and prediction of seizures. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of using Memristive Deep Learning Systems (MDLSs) to perform real-time epileptic seizure prediction on the edge. Using the MemTorch simulation framework and the Children's Hospital Boston (CHB)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) dataset we determine the performance of various simulated MDLS configurations. An average sensitivity of 77.4% and a Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUROC) of 0.85 are reported for the optimal configuration that can process Electroencephalogram (EEG) spectrograms with 7,680 samples in 1.408ms while consuming 0.0133W and occupying an area of 0.1269mm$^2$ in a 65nm Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) process.
description: Accepted at 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)
A Spitzer IRS Low-Resolution Spectroscopic Search for Buried AGNs in Nearby Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies - A Constraint on Geometry between Energy Sources and Dust -
Creators: name: Imanishi, Masatoshi
name: Dudley, C. C.
name: Maiolino, Roberto
name: Maloney, Philip R.
name: Nakagawa, Takao
name: Risaliti, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of Spitzer IRS low-resolution infrared 5-35 micron spectroscopy of nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) at z < 0.15. We focus on the search for the signatures of buried active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the complete sample of ULIRGs classified optically as non-Seyferts (LINERs or HII-regions). In addition to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission features at 6.2 micron, 7.7 micron, and 11.3 micron, the conventional tool of starburst-AGN separation, we use the optical depths of the 9.7 micron and 18 micron silicate dust absorption features to infer the geometry of energy sources and dust at the nuclei of these ULIRGs, namely, whether the energy sources are spatially well mixed with dust(a normal starburst) or are more centrally concentrated than the dust (a buried AGN). Infrared spectra of at least 30%, and possibly 50%, of the observed optical non-Seyfert ULIRGs are naturally explained by emission consisting of (1) energetically insignificant, modestly obscured (Av < 20-30 mag) PAH-emitting normal starbursts, and (2) energetically dominant, highly dust-obscured, centrally concentrated energy sources with no PAH emission. We interpret the latter component as a buried AGN. The fraction of ULIRGs showing some buried AGN signatures is higher in LINER ULIRGs than in HII-region ULIRGs. Most of the luminous buried AGN candidates are found in ULIRGs with cool far-infrared colors. Where the absorption-corrected intrinsic AGN luminosities are derivable with little uncertainty, they are found to be of the order of 10^12Lsun, accounting for the bulk of the ULIRGs' luminosities. The 5-35 micron spectroscopic starburst/AGN classifications are generally consistent with our previous classifications based on 3-4 micron spectra for the same sample.
description: 67 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 1 of Annotation and characterization of Babesia gibsoni apicoplast genome
Creators: name: Liu, Qin
name: Yu, Long
name: Jiang, Fan
name: Li, Muxiao
name: Zhan, Xueyan
name: Huang, Yuan
name: Wang, Sen
name: Du, Xiaoyong
name: He, Lan
name: Zhao, Junlong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. PCR primers used in sequencing the apicoplast genome of Babesia gibsoni. Table S2. Comparison of tRNA in the populations of P. falciparum, T. gondii, B. microti, B. gibsoni and B. orientalis.
Multi-objective minimum time optimal control for low-thrust trajectory design
Creators: name: Vertovec, Nikolaus
name: Ober-Blöbaum, Sina
name: Margellos, Kostas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We propose a reachability approach for infinite and finite horizon multi-objective optimization problems for low-thrust spacecraft trajectory design. The main advantage of the proposed method is that the Pareto front can be efficiently constructed from the zero level set of the solution to a Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. We demonstrate the proposed method by applying it to a low-thrust spacecraft trajectory design problem. By deriving the analytic expression for the Hamiltonian and the optimal control policy, we are able to efficiently compute the backward reachable set and reconstruct the optimal trajectories. Furthermore, we show that any reconstructed trajectory will be guaranteed to be weakly Pareto optimal. The proposed method can be used as a benchmark for future research of applying reachability analysis to low-thrust spacecraft trajectory design.
description: Extended version of the paper published in 2021 European Control Conference (ECC), 9 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 3: of Genetic basis of heterosis for yield and yield components explored by QTL mapping across four genetic populations in upland cotton
Creators: name: Li, Cong
name: Zhao, Tianlun
name: Yu, Hurong
name: Li, Cheng
name: Deng, Xiaolei
name: Dong, Yating
name: Zhang, Fan
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Mei, Lei
name: Chen, Jinhong
name: Zhu, Shuijin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Table S3. Average MPH of 20 top high-heterosis hybrids of yield and yield components. (PDF 100â kb)
Explaining Adversarial Vulnerability with a Data Sparsity Hypothesis
Creators: name: Paknezhad, Mahsa
name: Ngo, Cuong Phuc
name: Winarto, Amadeus Aristo
name: Cheong, Alistair
name: Beh, Chuen Yang
name: Wu, Jiayang
name: Lee, Hwee Kuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite many proposed algorithms to provide robustness to deep learning (DL) models, DL models remain susceptible to adversarial attacks. We hypothesize that the adversarial vulnerability of DL models stems from two factors. The first factor is data sparsity which is that in the high dimensional input data space, there exist large regions outside the support of the data distribution. The second factor is the existence of many redundant parameters in the DL models. Owing to these factors, different models are able to come up with different decision boundaries with comparably high prediction accuracy. The appearance of the decision boundaries in the space outside the support of the data distribution does not affect the prediction accuracy of the model. However, it makes an important difference in the adversarial robustness of the model. We hypothesize that the ideal decision boundary is as far as possible from the support of the data distribution. In this paper, we develop a training framework to observe if DL models are able to learn such a decision boundary spanning the space around the class distributions further from the data points themselves. Semi-supervised learning was deployed during training by leveraging unlabeled data generated in the space outside the support of the data distribution. We measured adversarial robustness of the models trained using this training framework against well-known adversarial attacks and by using robustness metrics. We found that models trained using our framework, as well as other regularization methods and adversarial training support our hypothesis of data sparsity and that models trained with these methods learn to have decision boundaries more similar to the aforementioned ideal decision boundary. The code for our training framework is available at https://github.com/MahsaPaknezhad/AdversariallyRobustTraining.
Grammatical elicitation: Relative clauses
Creators: name: Palacio, Frank
name: Björklund, Anna
name: Dabkowski, Maksymilian
name: Elias, Alexander
name: López Márquez, Wendy
name: Michael, Lev
name: Montaño Ramírez, Tzintia
name: Robertson, Allegra
name: Robinson, Dakota
name: Wellstood, Zachary
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: cab

description: Varies tense-aspect-modality values.
Non trivial spacetime effects in a supersymmetric model
Creators: name: Oikonomou, V. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a ${N=1}$ supersymmetric model in a ${S}^{1}{\times R}^{3}$ spacetime. We find that by choosing appropriate boundary conditions for the contributing fields supersymmetry can be preserved. However if we add a hard supersymmetry breaking term, we observe that for small values of the length of the ${S}^{1}$ dimension, supersymmetry remains unbroken and breaks spontaneously when the length exceeds a critical value. The final picture resembles the first order phase transition picture.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Observables in Quantum Mechanics and the Importance of Self-adjointness
Creators: name: Jurić, Tajron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We are focused on the idea that observables in quantum physics are a bit more than just hermitian operators and that this is, in general, a "tricky business". The origin of this idea comes from the fact that there is a subtle difference between symmetric, hermitian, and self-adjoint operators which are of immense importance in formulating Quantum Mechanics. The theory of self-adjoint extensions is presented through several physical examples and some emphasis is given on the physical implications and applications.
description: 37 pages, new and improved version, various paragraphs added, accepted for publication
Space-like Separation in a Bell Test assuming Gravitationally Induced Collapses
Creators: name: Salart, D.
name: Baas, A.
name: van Houwelingen, J. A. W.
name: Gisin, N.
name: Zbinden, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a Bell experiment with space-like separation assuming that the measurement time is related to gravity-induced state reduction. Two energy-time entangled photons are sent through optical fibers and directed into unbalanced interferometers at two receiving stations separated by 18 km. At each station, the detection of a photon triggers the displacement of a macroscopic mass. The timing ensures space-like separation from the moment a photon enters its interferometer until the mass has moved. 2-photon interference fringes with a visibility of up to 90.5% are obtained, leading to a violation of Bell inequality.
Too little radiation pressure on dust in the winds of oxygen-rich AGB stars
Creators: name: Woitke, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New dynamical models for dust-driven winds of oxygen-rich AGB stars are presented which include frequency-dependent Monte Carlo radiative transfer by means of a sparse opacity distribution technique and a time-dependent treatment of the nucleation, growth and evaporation of inhomogeneous dust grains composed of a mixture of Mg2SiO4, SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, and solid Fe. The frequency-dependent treatment of radiative transfer reveals that the gas is cold close to the star (700-900 K at 1.5-2 R*) which facilitates the nucleation process. The dust temperatures are strongly material-dependent, with differences as large as 1000 K for different pure materials, which has an important influence on the dust formation sequence. Two dust layers are formed in the dynamical models: almost pure glassy Al2O3 close to the star (r > 1.5 R*) and the more opaque Fe-poor Mg-Fe-silicates further out. Solid Fe or Fe-rich silicates are found to be the only condensates that can efficiently absorb the stellar light in the near IR. Consequently, they play a crucial role for the wind driving mechanism and act as thermostat. Only small amounts of Fe can be incorporated into the grains, because otherwise the grains get too hot. Thus, the models reveal almost no mass loss, and no dust shells.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. accepted as A&A letter after minor revisions
Formation & evolution of the Galactic bulge: constraints from stellar abundances
Creators: name: Ballero, Silvia K.
name: Matteucci, Francesca
name: Origlia, Livia
name: Rich, R. Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the chemical evolution of the Galactic bulge in the context of an inside-out model for the formation of the Milky Way. The model contains updated stellar yields from massive stars. The main purpose of the paper is to compare the predictions of this model with new observations of chemical abundance ratios and metallicity distributions in order to put constraints on the formation and evolution of the bulge. We computed the evolution of several alpha-elements and Fe and performed several tests by varying different parameters such as star formation efficiency, slope of the initial mass function and infall timescale. We also tested the effect of adopting a primary nitrogen contribution from massive stars. The [alpha/Fe] abundance ratios in the Bulge are predicted to be supersolar for a very large range in [Fe/H], each element having a different slope. These predictions are in very good agreement with most recent accurate abundance determinations. We also find a good fit of the most recent Bulge stellar metallicity distributions. We conclude that the Bulge formed on a very short timescale (even though timescales much shorter than about 0.1 Gyr are excluded) with a quite high star formation efficiency of about 20 Gyr$^{-1}$ and with an initial mass function more skewed toward high masses (i.e. x <= 0.95) than the solar neighbourhood and rest of the disk. The results obtained here are more robust than previous ones since they are based on very accurate abundance measurements.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Machine-learning-assisted electron-spin readout of nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond
Creators: name: Qian, Peng
name: Lin, Xue
name: Zhou, Feifei
name: Ye, Runchuan
name: Ji, Yunlan
name: Chen, Bing
name: Xie, Guangjun
name: Xu, Nanyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Machine learning is a powerful tool in finding hidden data patterns for quantum information processing. Here, we introduce this method into the optical readout of electron-spin states in diamond via single-photon collection and demonstrate improved readout precision at room temperature. The traditional method of summing photon counts in a time gate loses all the timing information crudely. We find that changing the gate width can only optimize the contrast or the state variance, not both. In comparison, machine learning adaptively learns from time-resolved fluorescence data, and offers the optimal data processing model that elaborately weights each time bin to maximize the extracted information. It is shown that our method can repair the processing result from imperfect data, reducing 7% in spin readout error while optimizing the contrast. Note that these improvements only involve recording photon time traces and consume no additional experimental time, they are thus robust and free. Our machine learning method implies a wide range of applications in precision measurement and optical detection of states.
description: 5 pagers, 4figures, comments are welcome
Multi-band Variability of the TeV Blazar PG 1553+113 with XMM-Newton
Creators: name: Dhiman, Vinit
name: Gupta, Alok C.
name: Gaur, Haritma
name: Wiita, Paul J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present variability analyses of twenty pointed XMM-Newton observations of the high energy peaked TeV blazar PG 1553+113 taken during 2010 to 2018. We found intraday variability in the total X-ray energy range (0.3 -- 10 keV) in 16 out of 19 light curves or a duty cycle of ~84%. A discrete correlation function analysis of the intraday light curves in the soft and hard X-ray bands peaks on zero lag, showing that the emission in hard and soft bands are co-spatial and emitted from the same population of leptons. Red-noise dominates the power spectral density (PSD) of all the LCs although the PSDs have a range of spectral slopes from -2.36 to -0.14. On longer timescales, the optical and UV variability patterns look almost identical and well correlated, as are the soft and hard X-ray bands, but the optical/UV variations are not correlated to those in the X-ray band, indicating that the optical/UV and X-ray emissions are emitted by two different populations of leptons. We briefly discuss physical mechanisms which may be capable of explaining the observed flux and spectral variability of PG 1553+113 on these diverse timescales.
description: 11 pages, 4 tables, 7 figures, The redshift of the blazar has been updated, leading to minor changes in certain quantities but no changes to conclusions. Complete Fig. 1-3 will be published as supplementary material and can be provided on request
Anomaly Induced Effective Action Combined with Generalized Brans-Dicke Theory
Creators: name: Brevik, Iver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the anomaly induced effective action in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory in interaction with the Brans-Dicke (BD) field. The generalization of the BD theory so as to permit an energy exchange between the scalar field and ordinary matter fields, was recently worked out by T. Clifton and J. D. Barrow [Phys. Rev. D 73, 104022 (2006)]. We derive the scalar field equations for the dilaton field, and the BD field, and discuss the Friedmann equation in the general case. The present paper is a continuation of an investigation some years ago dealing with the case of conformal anomaly plus ordinary classical gravity [I. Brevik and S. D. Odintsov, Phys. Lett. B 455, 104 (1999)].
description: 10 pages, no figures
Some rigidity results for Sobolev inequalities and related PDEs on Cartan-Hadamard manifolds
Creators: name: Muratori, Matteo
name: Soave, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Cartan-Hadamard conjecture states that, on every $n$-dimensional Cartan-Hadamard manifold $ \mathbb{M}^n $, the isoperimetric inequality holds with Euclidean optimal constant, and any set attaining equality is necessarily isometric to a Euclidean ball. This conjecture was settled, with positive answer, for $n \le 4$. It was also shown that its validity in dimension $n$ ensures that every $p$-Sobolev inequality ($ 1 < p < n $) holds on $ \mathbb{M}^n $ with Euclidean optimal constant. In this paper we address the problem of classifying all Cartan-Hadamard manifolds supporting an optimal function for the Sobolev inequality. We prove that, under the validity of the $n$-dimensional Cartan-Hadamard conjecture, the only such manifold is $ \mathbb{R}^n $, and therefore any optimizer is an Aubin-Talenti profile (up to isometries). In particular, this is the case in dimension $n \le 4$. Optimal functions for the Sobolev inequality are weak solutions to the critical $p$-Laplace equation. Thus, in the second part of the paper, we address the classification of radial solutions (not necessarily optimizers) to such a PDE. Actually, we consider the more general critical or supercritical equation \[ -Δ_p u = u^q \, , \quad u>0 \, , \qquad \text{on } \mathbb{M}^n \, , \] where $q \ge p^*-1$. We show that if there exists a radial finite-energy solution, then $\mathbb{M}^n$ is necessarily isometric to $\mathbb{R}^n$, $q=p^*-1$ and $u$ is an Aubin-Talenti profile. Furthermore, on model manifolds, we describe the asymptotic behavior of radial solutions not lying in the energy space $\dot{W}^{1,p}(\mathbb{M}^n)$, studying separately the $p$-stochastically complete and incomplete cases.
description: Accepted for publication on Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Classe di Scienze
Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars and thermohaline mixing
Creators: name: Stancliffe, Richard J.
name: Glebbeek, Evert
name: Izzard, Robert G.
name: Pols, Onno R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One possible scenario for the formation of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars is the accretion of carbon-rich material from a binary companion which may no longer visible. It is generally assumed that the accreted material remains on the surface of the star and does not mix with the interior until first dredge-up. However, thermohaline mixing should mix the accreted material with the original stellar material as it has a higher mean molecular weight. We investigate the effect that this has on the surface abundances by modelling a binary system of metallicity Z=0.0001 with a 2 solar mass primary star and a 0.74 solar mass secondary star in an initial orbit of 4000 days. The accretion of material from the wind of the primary leads to the formation of a carbon-rich secondary. We find that the accreted material mixes fairly rapidly throughout 90% of the star, with important consequences for the surface composition. Models with thermohaline mixing predict very different surface abundances after first dredge-up compared to canonical models of stellar evolution.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A letters
Photoionization of Xe 3d electrons in molecule Xe@C60: interplay of intra-doublet and confinement resonances
Creators: name: Amusia, M. Ya.
name: Baltenkov, A. S.
name: Chernysheva, L. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate rather interesting manifestations of co-existence of resonance features in characteristics of the photoionization of 3d-electrons in Xe@C60. It is shown that the reflection of photoelectrons produced by the 3d Xe photoionization affects greatly partial photoionization cross-sections of and levels and respective angular anisotropy parameters, both dipole and non-dipole adding to all of them additional maximums and minimums. The calculations are performed treating the 3/2 and 5/2 electrons as electrons of different kinds with their spins "up" and "down". The effect of C60 shell is accounted for in the frame of the "orange" skin potential model.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
A General Rate Duality of the MIMO Multiple Access Channel and the MIMO Broadcast Channel
Creators: name: Hunger, Raphael
name: Joham, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a general rate duality between the multiple access channel (MAC) and the broadcast channel (BC) which is applicable to systems with and without nonlinear interference cancellation. Different to the state-of-the-art rate duality with interference subtraction from Vishwanath et al., the proposed duality is filter-based instead of covariance-based and exploits the arising unitary degree of freedom to decorrelate every point-to-point link. Therefore, it allows for noncooperative stream-wise decoding which reduces complexity and latency. Moreover, the conversion from one domain to the other does not exhibit any dependencies during its computation making it accessible to a parallel implementation instead of a serial one. We additionally derive a rate duality for systems with multi-antenna terminals when linear filtering without interference (pre-)subtraction is applied and the different streams of a single user are not treated as self-interference. Both dualities are based on a framework already applied to a mean-square-error duality between the MAC and the BC. Thanks to this novel rate duality, any rate-based optimization with linear filtering in the BC can now be handled in the dual MAC where the arising expressions lead to more efficient algorithmic solutions than in the BC due to the alignment of the channel and precoder indices.
description: Submitted to IEEE Globecom 2008; Fixed dimensions of channel matrix H_k and covariance matrix Z_k, slightly modified conclusion
Collecting single molecules with conventional optical tweezers
Creators: name: Singer, Wolfgang
name: Nieminen, Timo A.
name: Heckenberg, Norman R.
name: Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The size of particles which can be trapped in optical tweezers ranges from tens of nanometres to tens of micrometres. This size regime also includes large single molecules. Here we present experiments demonstrating that optical tweezers can be used to collect polyethylene oxide (PEO) molecules suspended in water. The molecules that accumulate in the focal volume do not aggregate and therefore represent a region of increased molecule concentration, which can be controlled by the trapping potential. We also present a model which relates the change in concentration to the trapping potential. Since many protein molecules have molecular weights for which this method is applicable the effect may be useful in assisting nucleation of protein crystals.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
D6.3 REPORT ON PILOT DEMONSTRATOR GROUPS
Creators: name: Rettberg, Najla
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This is a report on the achievements of the RDA TIGER pilots within the first year of the project. It gives a summary of the work carried out to date to support the pilot groups with the help of the RDA TIGER facilitator, and what services have been launched and employed. Finally it highlights feedback on the different services and lessons learned and ideas for moving on and refining the services. This deliverable should serve to assist the service owners about applying the services to the new WGs which are not part of the pilot and also assist other individuals or organisations in developing facilitation and support services in their work.
Charge-noise spectroscopy of Si/SiGe quantum dots via dynamically-decoupled exchange oscillations
Creators: name: Connors, Elliot J.
name: Nelson, JJ
name: Edge, Lisa F.
name: Nichol, John M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron spins in silicon quantum dots are promising qubits due to their long coherence times, scalable fabrication, and potential for all-electrical control. However, charge noise in the host semiconductor presents a major obstacle to achieving high-fidelity single- and two-qubit gates in these devices. In this work, we measure the charge-noise spectrum of a Si/SiGe singlet-triplet qubit over nearly 12 decades in frequency using a combination of methods, including dynamically-decoupled exchange oscillations with up to 512 π pulses during the qubit evolution. The charge noise is colored across the entire frequency range of our measurements, although the spectral exponent changes with frequency. Moreover, the charge-noise spectrum inferred from conductance measurements of a proximal sensor quantum dot agrees with that inferred from coherent oscillations of the singlet-triplet qubit, suggesting that simple transport measurements can accurately characterize the charge noise over a wide frequency range in Si/SiGe quantum dots.
description: Main: 10 pg, 5 fig. Supp: 15 pg, 11 fig. Supp Notes: Hadamard gate calibration, t_{meas}, dBz and J_{min}, Charge-noise v temp. Supp Figs: Readout, FID, CPMG filter function, Echo analysis, Noise extraction error from CPMG, Samp rate in three-day FID, Charge-noise correlations, Charge-sensor spectra, Automated Hadamard calibration, dBz v B_{ext}, Echo v temp. Supp Tables: Lever arms, t_{meas}
Διερεύνηση της επίπτωσης του μαγνητικού διαχωρισμού και της θερμικής κατεργασίας με τη χρήση προσθέτων στους σερπεντινιωμένους περιδοτίτες του μεταλλείου Μαγνησίτη στη Γερακινή Χαλκιδικής.
Creators: name: Παπαργυρίου, Δήμητρα Αποστόλου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2020
Subjects: Σερπεντινιωμένοι περιδοτίτες
Μαγνητικός διαχωρισμός
Θερμική κατεργασία
Serpentinized peridotites
Magnetic separation
Thermal treatment

description: Η παρούσα εργασία μελετά τα ορυκτοχημικά χαρακτηριστικά των σερπεντινιωμένων περιδοιτιών στη Γερακινή Χαλκιδικής, καθώς και την εφαρμογή μαγνητικού εμπλουτισμού ως μέθοδο εμπλουτισμού και διερεύνηση της επίπτωσης προσθήκης οξειδίων μετά από έψηση στους 1520 oC. Ο προσδιορισμός της χημικής και ορυκτολογικής σύστασης έγινε με τις μεθόδους φθορισμομετρίας ακτινών Χ ενεργειακής διασποράς (Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorence, XRF) και φασματοσκοπίας περίθλασης ακτινών Χ (X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy, XRD) αντίστοιχα. Τα αποτελέσματα αυτών δείχνουν ότι πρόκειται για σερπεντινιωμένους περιδοτίτες με μέση χημική ανάλυση, ΜgO 42%, SiO2 38%, Fe2O3 8,5% και LOI 8,5%, με κύρια φάση του ολιβίνη και δευτερεύουσες του σερπεντίνη και ενστατίτη. Για τον εμπλουτισμό του κοιτάσματος, εφαρμόστηκε επί ξηρού μαγνητικός διαχωρισμός σε βιομηχανικό περιστροφικό μαγνήτη Νεοδυμίου-Σιδήρου. Μετά από τη χημική ανάλυση των κλασμάτων που προέκυψαν, δεν παρατηρούνται διαφορές στη χημική σύσταση εν αντιθέσει της ορυκτολογικής όπου παρατηρείται μια μικρή ενίσχυση των κορυφών του ολιβίνη, σερπεντίνη και ενστατίτη στο μη μαγνητικό κλάσμα. Τέλος, μετά από την έψηση δοκιμίων αλεσμένου σερπεντίνη στους 1520 oC ως έχει αλλά και χρήση προσθέτων, φαίνεται πως η προσθήκη οξειδίων CaO, Al2O3 και SiO2 έχουν αρνητική επίδραση στην δομή των δοκιμίων σε αντίθεση με τα δοκίμια που προστέθηκαν τα οξειδία Cr2O3 και ΜgO όπου παρατηρείται βελτίωση της μακροσκοπικής τους εικόνας σε σύγκριση με το πρωτογενές υλικό.
description: ABSTRACT The aim of this thesis was the study of chemical and mineralogical characteristics of serpentinized peridotites of magnesite mines in Yerakini Chalkidiki, Greece, and the impact evaluation of magnetic separation and thermal treatment with the addition of oxides in specimens of ground rock, as well. Chemical analysis and mineralogical analysis was conducted with the methods of Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorence, (XRF) and X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy, (XRD) respectively. An average chemical analysis of the rock was ΜgO 42%, SiO2 38%, Fe2O3 8,5% and LOI 8,5%, and the phase analysis revealed olivine as the main mineral constituent and antigorite and enstatite secondary. The process of dry magnetic separation, as enrichment method, had no effect in the chemical composition between the fractions but revealed a small increase of olivine, antigorite and enstatite in the non magnetic fraction. Finally, after firing specimens of ground peridotite at 1520 oC as received and with the addition of oxides, showed that CaO, Al2O3 και SiO2 had negative effect on the structure of the specimens, in contrast to Cr2O3 και ΜgO where improvement had observed, compared to the raw material.
Search for bottom-squark pair production in $pp$ collision events at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with hadronically decaying $τ$-leptons, $b$-jets and missing transverse momentum using the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for pair production of bottom squarks in events with hadronically decaying $τ$-leptons, $b$-tagged jets and large missing transverse momentum is presented. The analyzed dataset is based on proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded by the ATLAS detector from 2015 to 2018, and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$. The observed data are compatible with the expected Standard Model background. Results are interpreted in a simplified model where each bottom squark is assumed to decay into the second-lightest neutralino $\tilde χ_2^0$ and a bottom quark, with $\tilde χ_2^0$ decaying into a Higgs boson and the lightest neutralino $\tilde χ_1^0$. The search focuses on final states where at least one Higgs boson decays into a pair of hadronically decaying $τ$-leptons. This allows the acceptance and thus the sensitivity to be significantly improved relative to the previous results at low masses of the $\tilde χ_2^0$, where bottom-squark masses up to 850 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level, assuming a mass difference of 130 GeV between $\tilde χ_2^0$ and $\tilde χ_1^0$. Model-independent upper limits are also set on the cross section of processes beyond the Standard Model.
description: 45 pages in total, author list starting page 29, 8 figures, 8 tables, published in Phys. Rev. D. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/SUSY-2018-40
Additional file 1 of Efficacy and safety of vedolizumab for pediatrics with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review
Creators: name: Fang, Shengbo
name: Song, Yanqing
name: Zhang, Chunyan
name: Wang, Libo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Search strategy in databases. Table S2. Methodological quality of case series.