cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Oral Manifestation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report
Creators: name: WAKamil, Wan NurHazirah
name: Nor Nazaliza Basri
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110703 Autoimmunity
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110599 Dentistry not elsewhere classified
subject: 110304 Dermatology

description: Abstract. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with
diverse clinical manifestations affecting several organs such as the brain, lungs, kidneys, heart, blood
vessels, muscles and skin. Oral manifestations might be the first sign and symptoms of SLE. Hence, this
paper describes a 58-year old lady whom oral lesions were the first manifestation of SLE disease. The oral
manifestations and management of this patient was discussed.
M DWARF ACTIVITY in the PAN-STARRS1 MEDIUM-DEEP SURVEY: FIRST CATALOG and ROTATION PERIODS
Creators: name: Kudritzki, R.-P.
name: Burgett, W.S.
name: Wainscoat, R.J.
name: Magnier, E.A.
name: Waters, C.
name: Huber, M.E.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Kaiser, N.
name: Berger, E.
name: Kado-Fong, E.
name: Rest, A.
name: Williams, P.K.G.
name: Chambers, K.C.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2016

description: We report on an ongoing project to investigate activity in the M dwarf stellar population observed by the Pan-STARRS1 Medium-Deep Survey (PS1-MDS). Using a custom-built pipeline, we refine an initial sample of ∼4 million sources in PS1-MDS to a sample of 184,148 candidate cool stars using color cuts. Motivated by the well-known relationship between rotation and stellar activity, we use a multiband periodogram analysis and visual vetting to identify 270 sources that are likely rotating M dwarfs. We derive a new set of polynomials relating M dwarf PS1 colors to fundamental stellar parameters and use them to estimate the masses, distances, effective temperatures, and bolometric luminosities of our sample. We present a catalog containing these values, our measured rotation periods, and cross-matches to other surveys. Our final sample spans periods of ≲1-130 days in stars with estimated effective temperatures of ∼2700-4000 K. Twenty-two of our sources have X-ray cross-matches, and they are found to be relatively X-ray bright as would be expected from selection effects. Our data set provides evidence that Kepler-based searches have not been sensitive to very slowly rotating stars (P rot 70 day), implying that the observed emergence of very slow rotators in studies of low-mass stars may be a systematic effect. We also see a lack of low-amplitude (<2%) variability in objects with intermediate (10-40 day) rotation periods, which, considered in conjunction with other observational results, may be a signpost of a loss of magnetic complexity associated with a phase of rapid spin-down in intermediate-age M dwarfs. This work represents just a first step in exploring stellar variability in data from the PS1-MDS and, in the farther future, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope.
Identification of Amino Acids Conferring High-Level Resistance to Expanded-Spectrum Cephalosporins in the penA Gene from Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strain H041
Creators: name: Davies, Christopher
name: Nicholas, Robert A.
name: Ohnishi, Makoto
name: Tomberg, Joshua
name: Unemo, Magnus
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: ABSTRACT The recent identification of a high-level-ceftriaxone-resistant (MIC = 2 to 4 μg/ml) isolate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Japan (H041) portends the loss of ceftriaxone as an effective treatment for gonococcal infections. This is of grave concern because ceftriaxone is the last remaining option for first-line empirical antimicrobial monotherapy. The penA gene from H041 ( penA41 ) is a mosaic penA allele similar to mosaic alleles conferring intermediate-level cephalosporin resistance (Ceph i ) worldwide but has 13 additional mutations compared to the mosaic penA gene from the previously studied Ceph i strain 35/02 ( penA35 ). When transformed into the wild-type strain FA19, the penA41 allele confers 300- and 570-fold increases in the MICs for ceftriaxone and cefixime, respectively. In order to understand the mechanisms involved in high-level ceftriaxone resistance and to improve surveillance and epidemiology during the potential emergence of ceftriaxone resistance, we sought to identify the minimum number of amino acid alterations above those in penA35 that confer high-level resistance to ceftriaxone. Using restriction fragment exchange and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified three mutations, A311V, T316P, and T483S, that, when incorporated into the mosaic penA35 allele, confer essentially all of the increased resistance of penA41 . A311V and T316P are close to the active-site nucleophile Ser310 that forms the acyl-enzyme complex, while Thr483 is predicted to interact with the carboxylate of the β-lactam antibiotic. These three mutations have thus far been described only for penA41 , but dissemination of these mutations in other mosaic alleles would spell the end of ceftriaxone as an effective treatment for gonococcal infections.
A Comparative Analysis of FTA Effects between Non-Timber
Creators: name: Lee, Gaseul
name: Lee, Gaseul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Free Trade Agreements: FTA
subject: non-timber forestry product: NTFP
subject: gravity model

description: The proliferation of free trade agreements (FTAs) appears to ensure mutually favorable trade gains among the bloc economies. Many empirical studies also find net trade creating effects of agricultural trade integration. Nevertheless, there is scant research and understanding regarding preferential trades in non-timber forest products (NTFPs). Establishing a panel data spanning 1995 to 2010 periods for 211 countries, this paper estimated a gravity model with the Heckman estimation, which addresses sample selection bias caused by zero trades. A positively signed and highly significant coefficient for the FTA variable indicates a trade increase of around 13%. This robust and positive trade effect for NTFPs turns out to be greater than the FTA relationship for other agricultural products, which marked only an 8% increase in trade.
An Analysis of MLOps Architectures: A Systematic Mapping Study
Creators: name: Najafabadi, Faezeh Amou
name: Bogner, Justus
name: Gerostathopoulos, Ilias
name: Lago, Patricia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Context. Despite the increasing adoption of Machine Learning Operations (MLOps), teams still encounter challenges in effectively applying this paradigm to their specific projects. While there is a large variety of available tools usable for MLOps, there is simultaneously a lack of consolidated architecture knowledge that can inform the architecture design. Objective. Our primary objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of (i) how MLOps architectures are defined across the literature and (ii) which tools are mentioned to support the implementation of each architecture component. Method. We apply the Systematic Mapping Study method and select 43 primary studies via automatic, manual, and snowballing-based search and selection procedures. Subsequently, we use card sorting to synthesize the results. Results. We contribute (i) a categorization of 35 MLOps architecture components, (ii) a description of several MLOps architecture variants, and (iii) a systematic map between the identified components and the existing MLOps tools. Conclusion. This study provides an overview of the state of the art in MLOps from an architectural perspective. Researchers and practitioners can use our findings to inform the architecture design of their MLOps systems.
title: Populismus und Verschwörungserzählungen
title: Inwiefern gleicht und unterscheidet sich die Konstruktion eines anti-Elite Narratives im Populismus und in Verschwörungserzählungen?
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Leinfelder, Ida
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Populismus
subject: Rechtspopulismus
subject: Linkspopulismus
subject: Verschwörungserzählungen
subject: Verschwörungsmentalität
subject: Konspiration
subject: Narrativ-Vergleich
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::305 Soziale Gruppen
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::303 Gesellschaftliche Prozesse

description: In der Bachelorarbeit „Populismus und Verschwörungserzählungen“ geht die Autorin den narrativen Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschieden beider Phänomene nach. Konkret wurde dazu die Konstruktion eines anti-elitären Narrativs in den Fokus gestellt, welches, nach der Autorin, das verbindende Element darstelle. Eine Antwort auf das gestellte Problem wird durch eine genaue Definition, Analyse und anschließendem Vergleich von sowohl Populismus als auch der Verschwörungserzählung und ihrer narrativen Strukturen geliefert. Dazu geht die Autorin auf theoretische Arbeiten ein, in denen zwischen verschiedenen Arten von Populismus und Verschwörungen unterschieden wird. Die Ergebnisse des Literaturvergleichs werden an späterer Stelle auf aktuelle empirische Erkenntnisse bezogen. Die identifizierten Narrativstrukturen werden mithilfe eines literaturwissenschaftlichen Ansatzes verglichen. Das Resultat zeigt grundlegende Ähnlichkeiten zwischen den Narrativen von Populismus und Verschwörungserzählungen, die sich im Volk-Elite-Antagonismus äußern. Die Narrative unterscheiden sich jedoch in wesentlichen Punkten, z.B. in ihrer politischen Einbettung, im Hinblick auf ihre Handlungsaufforderungen oder wie das Feindbild Elite konstruiert wird. Das beiden Narrativen inhärente absolute Element unterscheidet sich dahingehend, dass in Verschwörungserzählungen ein absoluter Wahrheitsanspruch postuliert ist, während es sich im Populismus in einem absoluter Vertretungsanspruch des „Volkswillens“ äußert. Durch die Gegenwärtigkeit verschiedener Typologisierungen von sowohl Populismus als auch Verschwörungserzählungen, kommt die Autorin zu der differenzierten Einschätzung, dass sich die Narrativstrukturen beider Phänomene je nach ihrem Typ mehr oder weniger aneinander angleichen. Die Autorin ergänzt ihre Einschätzung um die Anmerkung, dass von exkludierenden, sich gegen gesellschaftliche Minderheiten richtende Ausprägungen beider Phänomene durch ihre Anschlussfähigkeit an die extreme Rechte und gewaltorientierte Personen konkrete Gefahren ausgehen.
Mefloquine Exposure Induces Cell Cycle Delay and Reveals Stage-Specific Expression of the pfmdr1 Gene
Creators: name: Bohorquez, E. B.
name: Juliano, J. J.
name: Meshnick, S. R.
name: Kim, H.-S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a major public health problem. An elevated pfmdr1 gene copy number (CN) is known to decrease parasite sensitivity to the commonly used antimalarial mefloquine (MFQ). To understand the relationship between pfmdr1 CN and mefloquine resistance, we evaluated pfmdr1 transcript levels in three P. falciparum strains with different CNs in the presence and absence of MFQ. Parasite strains with multiple pfmdr1 gene copies exhibited higher relative transcript levels than single-copy parasites, and MFQ induced pfmdr1 expression above the levels without treatment in all three strains evaluated. Concomitant morphology analyses of the sampled cultures revealed that MFQ treatment of synchronized ring-stage parasites induced a delay in parasite maturation through the intraerythrocytic cycle. pfmdr1 expression peaks in the ring stage, and MFQ could be causing increased transcription by delaying parasite maturation. However, pretreatment with mefloquine did not affect the artemisinin in vitro half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). These results suggest that MFQ-induced increases in pfmdr1 expression are the direct result of the maturation delay at the ring stage but that this change in expression does not affect the antimalarial activity of artemisinin.
Ambipolar Solution-processed Hybrid Perovskite Phototransistors
Creators: name: Li, Feng
name: Ma, Chun
name: Wang, Hong
name: Hu, Weijin
name: Yu, Weili
name: Sheikh, Arif D.
name: Wu, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Organolead halide perovskites have attracted substantial attention due to their excellent physical properties, which enable them to serve as the active material in emerging hybrid solid-state solar cells. Here we investigate the phototransistors based on hybrid perovskite films, and provide direct evidence for their superior carrier transport property with ambipolar characteristics. The field-effect mobilities for triiodide perovskites at room temperature are measured as 0.18 (0.17) cm2 V-1 s-1 for holes (electrons), which increase to 1.24 (1.01) cm2 V-1 s-1 for mixed halide perovskites. The photoresponsivity of our hybrid perovskite devices reaches 320 A W-1, which is among the largest values reported for phototransistors. Importantly, the phototransistors exhibit an ultrafast photoresponse speed of less than 10 μs. The solution-based process and excellent device performance strongly underscore hybrid perovskites as promising material candidates for photoelectronic applications.
title: Do Catholics have an external locus of evaluation? Inauthentic experiences of Catholic guilt in the pursuit of self-forgiveness
Creators: name: Palmer, Catherine
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2023

description: This two-part mixed methods study investigated emotional response to transgression and selffor-giveness in Catholic individuals in concert with locus of evaluation orientation following a hypothe-sis that Catholics may be particularly unable to find self-forgiveness in the teachings of their reli-gion. Study 1 was a qualitative semi-structured interview with a sample of 20 practicing Catholic participants. Questions focused on the emotive experiences of selfforgiveness and transgressions and the contribution that Catholic practices (prayer and reconciliation) make to the process. Data were analysed using thematic analysis which supported evidence of Catholic guilt but suggested that there may be some inauthenticity and insincerity with which penitents' approach reconciliato-ry practices. Study 2 used a sample of 239 Christian participants in groups of Catholics and Christian non-Catholics. Participants responded to two psychometric questionnaires: the Heartland Forgiveness Scale, and the Locus of Evaluation Inventory. Followed by two additional questions pertaining to self-forgiveness experiences, and one question requiring participants to prioritise types of forgiveness. The results found no difference between Catholics and non-Catholics in their response to self-forgiveness or locus of evaluation orientation. However, in non-Catholic Christians but not in Catholics, the frequency of religious practice correlated with higher total forgiveness and its subscales (including self-forgiveness), with more internal locus of evaluation, and with lower self-regard, suggesting that church attendance does not relate to the propensity for self-forgiveness in Catholic individuals.
TESTING the BINARY TRIGGER HYPOTHESIS in FUors
Creators: name: Ireland, M.J.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Kraus, A.L.
name: Dupuy, T.J.
name: Rizzuto, A.C.
name: Kuruwita, R.
name: Green, J.D.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2016

description: We present observations of three FU Orionis objects (hereafter, FUors) with nonredundant aperture-mask interferometry at 1.59 μm and 2.12 μm that probe for binary companions on the scale of the protoplanetary disk that feeds their accretion outbursts. We do not identify any companions to V1515 Cyg or HBC 722, but we do resolve a close binary companion to V1057 Cyg that is at the diffraction limit ( mas or 30 5 au) and currently much fainter than the outbursting star ( mag). Given the flux excess of the outbursting star, we estimate that the mass of the companion () is similar to or slightly below that of the FUor itself, and therefore it resembles a typical T Tauri binary system. Our observations only achieve contrast limits of mag, and hence we are only sensitive to companions that were near or above the pre-outburst luminosity of the FUors. It remains plausible that FUor outbursts could be tied to the presence of a close binary companion. However, we argue from the system geometry and mass reservoir considerations that these outbursts are not directly tied to the orbital period (i.e., occurring at periastron passage), but instead must only occur infrequently.
Nonrandomized Controlled Trial of Artesunate plus Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine with or without Primaquine for Preventing Posttreatment Circulation of Plasmodium falciparum Gametocytes
Creators: name: Poole, Charles
name: Srivastava, Bina
name: Juliano, Jonathan J.
name: Schapira, Allan
name: Shah, Naman K.
name: Mishra, Neelima
name: Valecha, Neena
name: MacDonald, Pia D. M.
name: Meshnick, Steven R.
name: Anvikar, Anup
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: ABSTRACT Artemisinin combination therapies eliminate immature Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes but not mature gametocytes, which may persist for up to 1 month posttreatment. A single dose of primaquine, which is inexpensive and effective against mature gametocytes, could be added to further reduce the potential for posttreatment parasite transmission. Currently, we have few data regarding the effectiveness or safety of doing so. We collected data from 21 therapeutic efficacy trials of the National Antimalarial Drug Resistance Monitoring System of India conducted during 2009 to 2010, wherein 9 sites used single-dose primaquine (0.75 mg/kg of body weight) administered on day 2 along with artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AS+SP) while 12 did not. We estimated the effect of primaquine on posttreatment gametocyte clearance and the total number of gametocyte-weeks as determined by microscopy. We compared the median area under the curve for gametocyte density and reported adverse events. One thousand three hundred thirty-five patients completed the antimalarial drug treatment. Adjusting for region, primaquine increased the rate of gametocyte clearance (hazard ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 3.3), prevented 45% (95% CI, 19 to 62) of posttreatment gametocyte-weeks, and decreased the area under the gametocyte density curve over the 28-day follow-up compared to AS+SP alone ( P value = 0.01). The results were robust to other adjustment sets, and the estimated effect of primaquine increased during sensitivity analysis on the measurement of exposure time. No serious adverse events were detected. In conclusion, the addition of primaquine to AS+SP was effective in reducing the posttreatment presence of P. falciparum gametocytes. Primaquine was well tolerated and could be administered along with an artemisinin combination therapy as the first-line therapy.
Climate-based daylight modeling, metrics, and level of detail
Creators: name: Grobe, Lars Oliver
name: Jakubiec, J Alstan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: climate-based daylight modelling
level of detail
daylight metrics
modelling uncertainty

description: Climate-Based Daylight Modelling (CBDM) differs from other daylight simulation techniques in that it can produce representative results in physical and photometric units. The typical application of CBDM during the design of buildings or the planning of interventions however implies incomplete information, e.g. on the definitive furnishing, selection of surface properties, and installation of shades and glare controls. This is reflected by uncertainties and reduced level of detail (LoD) in the setup of models. Relying on a detailed model of an existing residential unit in Singapore, we assess the impact LoD by sequentially reducing model detail. Impact is assessed in terms of a) absolute quantities, e.g. illuminance, b) thresholded metrics, e.g. Daylight Autonomy and Daylight Glare Probability, and c) relative ranking based on these metrics. We demonstrate the implementation of the efficient zonal daylight simulation with Raytraverse and Radiance, and the processing of the spatio-temporal results with Python (and its numpy and scipy modules). An outlook into the possible extension of the study by accessing a building database is provided.
description: Supported by Velux Stiftung.
description: {"references": ["Grobe and Jakubiec (in press). Impact of model detail on daylighting metrics in residential buildings. Proceedings CISBAT 2023.", "Forouzandeh (2023). Influence of inaccurate material optical properties and geometrical levels of detail on daylight simulation results - sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification. 21st International Radiance Workshop. Innsbruck, Austria. Aug. 2023", "McNeil (2014). BSDFs, matrices and phases. 13th International Radiance Workshop. London, UK, Sept. 2014.", "Ward et al. (2021). Modeling specular transmission of complex fenestration systems with data-driven BSDFs. Building and Environment, 196, 107774. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107774", "Wasilewski et al. (in press). Raytraverse: Navigating the lightfield to enhance climate-based daylight modeling. In: Proceedings SimAUD 2021.", "Standfest et al. (2022). Swiss dwellings: A large dataset of apartment models including aggregated geolocation-based simulation results covering viewshed, natural light, traffic noise, centrality and geometric analysis. Zenodo. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.7070951", "Jakubiec et al. (2019). Subjective and measured evidence for residential lighting metrics in the tropics. In: Proceedings Building Simulation Conference 2019. 2.", "Daylight in buildings. Standard EN 17037:2018. CEN / TC 169.", "Approved method: IES Spatial Daylight Autonomy (SDA) and Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE). Recommendation LM-83-12. IES."]}
Invertibility of retarded response functions for Laplace transformable potentials: application to one-body reduced density matrix functional theory
Creators: name: Giesbertz, Klaas J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theorem for the invertibility of arbitrary response functions is presented under the following conditions: the time-dependence of the potentials should be Laplace transformable and the initial state should be a ground state, though it might be degenerate. This theorem provides a rigorous foundation for all density-functional-like theories in the time-dependent linear response regime. Especially for time-dependent one-body reduced density matrix (1RDM) functional theory this is an important step forward, since a solid foundation has currently been lacking. The theorem is equally valid for static response functions in the non-degenerate case, so can be used to characterize the uniqueness of the potential in the ground state version of the corresponding density-functional-like theory. Such a classification of the uniqueness of the non-local potential in ground state 1RDM functional theory has been lacking for decades. With the aid of presented invertibility theorem presented here, a complete classification of the non-uniqueness of the non-local potential in 1RDM functional theory can be given for the first time.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure
An Analysis of the Effect of Concentration on the Profitability of Food Processing Business Firms
Creators: name: Shin, Yoojin
name: Shin, Yoojin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: food processing industry
subject: profitability
subject: Herfindahl index

description: In Korea, food processing business firms have increased the level of concentration in their industry in order to achieve the better efficiency and competitiveness. Even though many researchers think that the level of concentration affects the conditions of business firms, including profitability, few papers tried to study the effect of concentration on profitability in the Korean food processing industry. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of concentration on the profitability of food processing business firms. This research conducts the econometric analysis with CR4, Herfindahl index, and index of profitability (ROA, ROE, Gross Margin, Operating Margin). The results show that higher concentration increases or decreases the level of profitability in Korean food processing business firms, which presents that the Korean government needs to concern the level of concentration in the food processing industry for its policy making.
Spin supercurrent in superconductor/ferromagnet van-der-Waals heterostructures
Creators: name: Bobkov, G. A.
name: Bobkov, A. M.
name: Bobkova, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study dissipationless spin transport induced by a charge supercurrent in a monolayer van der Waals superconductor under the applied magnetic field and in a bilayer superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) heterostructure with no external field. It is shown that in both cases a combined action of the Ising-type spin-orbit coupling and the Zeeman field results in appearance of a nonunitary superconducting triplet correlations with nonzero average Cooper pair spin, which carry spin current in the presence of a condensate motion. Properties of this dissipationless spin current are investigated. In particular, it is shown that it manifests a rectification effect. In addition, in S/F heterostructures the amplitude and the sign of the spin current are controlled by gating.
Phase I, Single-Dose, Dose-Escalating Study of Inhaled Dry Powder Capreomycin: a New Approach to Therapy of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Creators: name: Fourie, P. Bernard
name: Kabadi, Mohan
name: Dharmadhikari, Ashwin S.
name: Nardell, Edward
name: Gerety, Bob
name: Hickey, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: ABSTRACT Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) threatens global TB control. The lengthy treatment includes one of the injectable drugs kanamycin, amikacin, and capreomycin, usually for the first 6 months. These drugs have potentially serious toxicities, and when given as intramuscular injections, dosing can be painful. Advances in particulate drug delivery have led to the formulation of capreomycin as the first antituberculosis drug available as a microparticle dry powder for inhalation and clinical study. Delivery by aerosol may result in successful treatment with lower doses. Here we report a phase I, single-dose, dose-escalating study aimed at demonstrating safety and tolerability in healthy subjects and measuring pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. Twenty healthy adults ( n = 5 per group) were recruited to self-administer a single dose of inhaled dry powder capreomycin (25-mg, 75-mg, 150-mg, or 300-mg nominal dose) using a simple, handheld delivery device. Inhalations were well tolerated by all subjects. The most common adverse event was mild to moderate transient cough, in five subjects. There were no changes in lung function, audiometry, or laboratory parameters. Capreomycin was rapidly absorbed after inhalation. Systemic concentrations were detected in each dose group within 20 min. Peak and mean plasma concentrations of capreomycin were dose proportional. Serum concentrations exceeded 2 μg/ml (MIC for Mycobacterium tuberculosis ) following the highest dose; the half-life ( t 1/2 ) was 4.8 ± 1.0 h. A novel inhaled microparticle dry powder formulation of capreomycin was well tolerated. A single 300-mg dose rapidly achieved serum drug concentrations above the MIC for Mycobacterium tuberculosis , suggesting the potential of inhaled therapy as part of an MDR-TB treatment regimen.
Raltegravir Pharmacokinetics in Treatment-Naive Patients Is Not Influenced by Race: Results from the Raltegravir Early Therapy in African-Americans Living with HIV (REAL) Study
Creators: name: Ragan, D.
name: Eron, J. J.
name: Massengale, K.
name: Richardson, A.
name: Blevins, S.
name: Pittard, D.
name: Wohl, D. A.
name: Kashuba, A. D. M.
name: Wang, R.
name: Walsh, K.
name: Hudgens, M. G.
name: Floris-Moore, M.
name: Dumond, J. B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Racial differences in antiretroviral treatment responses remain incompletely explained and may be a consequence of differential pharmacokinetics (PK) associated with race. Raltegravir, an inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase, is commonly used in the treatment of HIV-infected patients, many of whom are African-American. However, there are few data regarding the PK of raltegravir in African-Americans. HIV-infected men and women, self-described as African-American and naive to antiretroviral therapy were treated with raltegravir (RAL) at 400 mg twice a day, plus a fixed dose of tenofovir-emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) at 300 mg/200 mg once daily. Intensive PK sampling was conducted over 24 h at week 4. Drug concentrations at two trough values of 12 and 24 h after dosing (C12 and C24), area under the concentration-curve values (AUC), maximum drug concentration (Cmax), and the time at which this concentration occurred (Tmax) in plasma were estimated with noncompartmental pharmacokinetic methods and compared to data from a subset of white subjects randomized to the RAL twice a day (plus TDF/FTC) arm of the QDMRK study, a phase III study of the safety and efficacy of once daily versus twice daily RAL in treatment naive patients. A total of 38 African-American participants were enrolled (90% male) into the REAL cohort with the following median baseline characteristics: age of 36 years, body mass index (BMI) of 23 kg/m2, and a CD4 cell count of 339/ml. Plasma HIV RNA levels were below 200 copies/ml in 95% of participants at week 4. The characteristics of the 16 white QDMRK study participants were similar, although fewer (69%) were male, the median age was higher (45 years), and BMI was lower (19 kg/m2). There was considerable interindividual variability in RAL concentrations in both cohorts. Median C12 in REAL was 91 ng/ml (range, 10 to 1,386) and in QDMRK participants was 128 ng/ml (range, 15 to 1,074). The Cmax median concentration was 1,042 ng/ml (range, 196 to 10,092) for REAL and 1,360 ng/ml (range, 218 to 9,701) for QDMRK. There were no significant differences in any RAL PK parameter between these cohorts of African-American and white individuals. Based on plasma PK, and with similar adherence rates, the performance of RAL among HIV-infected African-Americans should be no different than that of infected patients who are white.
Introducing SWIRL: An Intermediate Representation Language for Scientific Workflows
Creators: name: Colonnelli, Iacopo
name: Medić, Doriana
name: Mulone, Alberto
name: Bono, Viviana
name: Padovani, Luca
name: Aldinucci, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.3.1

description: In the ever-evolving landscape of scientific computing, properly supporting the modularity and complexity of modern scientific applications requires new approaches to workflow execution, like seamless interoperability between different workflow systems, distributed-by-design workflow models, and automatic optimisation of data movements. In order to address this need, this article introduces SWIRL, an intermediate representation language for scientific workflows. In contrast with other product-agnostic workflow languages, SWIRL is not designed for human interaction but to serve as a low-level compilation target for distributed workflow execution plans. The main advantages of SWIRL semantics are low-level primitives based on the send/receive programming model and a formal framework ensuring the consistency of the semantics and the specification of translating workflow models represented by Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) into SWIRL workflow descriptions. Additionally, SWIRL offers rewriting rules designed to optimise execution traces, accompanied by corresponding equivalence. An open-source SWIRL compiler toolchain has been developed using the ANTLR Python3 bindings.
Minimizing couplings in renormalization by preserving short-range mutual information
Creators: name: Bertoni, Christian
name: Renes, Joseph M.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: renormalization
subject: real space mutual information
subject: Markov network
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: The connections between renormalization in statistical mechanics and information theory are intuitively evident, but a satisfactory theoretical treatment remains elusive. We show that the real space renormalization map that minimizes long range couplings in the renormalized Hamiltonian is, somewhat counterintuitively, the one that minimizes the loss of short-range mutual information between a block and its boundary. Moreover, we show that a previously proposed minimization focusing on preserving long-range mutual information is a relaxation of this approach, which indicates that the aims of preserving long-range physics and eliminating short-range couplings are related in a nontrivial way.
Maximization of Extractable Randomness in a Quantum Random-Number Generator
Creators: name: Haw, J. Y.
name: Assad, S. M.
name: Lance, A. M.
name: Ng, N. H. Y.
name: Sharma, V.
name: Lam, P. K.
name: Symul, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generation of random numbers via quantum processes is an efficient and reliable method to obtain true indeterministic random numbers that are of vital importance to cryptographic communication and large-scale computer modeling. However, in realistic scenarios, the raw output of a quantum random-number generator is inevitably tainted by classical technical noise. The integrity of the device can be compromised if this noise is tampered with, or even controlled by some malicious party. To safeguard against this, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an approach that produces side-information independent randomness that is quantified by min-entropy conditioned on this classical noise. We present a method for maximizing the conditional min-entropy of the number sequence generated from a given quantum-to-classical-noise ratio. The detected photocurrent in our experiment is shown to have a real-time random-number generation rate of 14 (Mbit/s)/MHz. The spectral response of the detection system shows the potential to deliver more than 70 Gbit/s of random numbers in our experimental setup.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures. v2: close to published version. See also related work arXiv:1501.02959
4-3-23-474.pdf
Creators: name: Saifullah, Said B
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 90805 Food Processing
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: 170112 Sensory Processes, Perception and Performance
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 150501 Consumer-Oriented Product or Service Development
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The effects of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) powder on the physicochemical and sensory attributes of pound cakes were investigated. Based on the red skin surrounding the kernel, two types of powders were partially substituted to wheat flour at three different levels (0%, 15% and 30%, w/w) with other ingredients at their constant levels. The proximate analysis showed that the addition of groundnut powder had increased the crude protein, crude fiber, and total fat contents significantly (p < 0.05) ranging from 9.625% to 11.025%, 0.273% to 0.9375%, and 7.57% to 13.463% respectively. The peroxide value had decreased from 15.45 mEq/kg to 11.23 mEq/kg showing good antioxidant properties and the probability of higher shelf life. The approximate yielded energy varied significantly (p < 0.05) ranged from 281.40 Kcal to 314.57 Kcal. There were
significant differences (p < 0.05) in the sensory attributes (color, flavor, taste, and overall acceptability) of the formulated cakes excluding texture. The Duncan Multiple Range Test concluded that the groundnut kernel powder without the red skins can be substituted up to 30% to wheat flour in the formulation of pound cakes to achieve the best consumer acceptance.
Characterization of the Population Pharmacokinetics of Ampicillin in Neonates Using an Opportunistic Study Design
Creators: name: Poindexter, Brenda
name: Gao, Jamie
name: Salgado, Andrea
name: Benjamin, Daniel K.
name: Ian-U Chong, Sandy
name: Sullivan, Janice E.
name: Tremoulet, Adriana
name: Le, Jennifer
name: Delmore, Paula
name: Capparelli, Edmund V.
name: Melloni, Chiara
name: Laughon, Matthew
name: Cohen-Wolkowiez, Michael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: ABSTRACT Although ampicillin is the most commonly used drug in neonates, developmental pharmacokinetic (PK) data to guide dosing are lacking. Ampicillin is primarily renally eliminated, and developmental changes are expected to influence PK. We conducted an open-label, multicenter, opportunistic, prospective PK study of ampicillin in neonates stratified by gestational age (GA) (≤34 or >34 weeks) and postnatal age (PNA) (≤7 or >7 days). Drug concentrations were measured by tandem mass spectrometry. PK data were analyzed using population nonlinear mixed-effects modeling in NONMEM 7.2. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to determine the probability of target attainment for the time in which the total steady-state ampicillin concentrations remained above the MIC ( T >MIC) for 50%, 75%, and 100% of the dosing interval. A total of 142 PK samples from 73 neonates were analyzed (median [range] GA, 36 [24 to 41] weeks; PNA, 5 [0 to 25] days). The median ampicillin dose was 200 (100 to 350) mg/kg/day. Postmenstrual age and serum creatinine were covariates for ampicillin clearance (CL). A simplified dosing regimen of 50 mg/kg every 12 h for GA of ≤34 weeks and PNA of ≤7 days, 75 mg/kg every 12 h for GA of ≤34 weeks and PNA of ≥8 and ≤28 days, and 50 mg/kg every 8 h for GA of >34 weeks and PNA of ≤28 days achieved the prespecified surrogate efficacy target in 90% of simulated subjects. Ampicillin CL was associated with neonatal development. A simplified dosing regimen stratified by GA and PNA achieves the desired surrogate therapeutic target in the vast majority of neonates.
An Analysis on the Optimum Location of Cabbage Processing
Creators: name: Kang, Hyejung
name: Kang, Hyejung
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: cabbage processing complex
subject: optimum locations
subject: mixed integer programming model

description: The purpose of this study is to select the optimum location of cabbage processing complexes, based on changes in both production capacity and processed cabbage demand. The study develops a transshipment model-based mixed integer programming model, combining the integer location decision variable and the continuous transportation cost variables. The empirical evidence found that Gyeongbuk Andong-gun and Chungbuk Eumseong-gun were all chosen as the optimum candidates in every scenario analysis. Those two regions are relatively close to raw cabbage producing areas and have relatively large-scale kimchi processing plants, compared to other location candidates.
In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Effects of Novel Arylimidamide Derivatives against Trypanosoma cruzi
Creators: name: Patrick, Donald A.
name: Batista, Marcos Meuser
name: Bakunov, Stanislav A.
name: Jones, Susan Kilgore
name: da Silva, Patrícia Bernadino
name: Tidwell, Richard R.
name: Timm, Bruno Lisboa
name: Bakunova, Svetlana M.
name: Soeiro, Maria de Nazaré C.
name: da Silva, Francisca Hildemagna Guedes
name: da Silva, Cristiane França
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: ABSTRACT Chagas disease (CD), a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi , remains a serious public health problem in several Latin American countries. The available chemotherapies for CD have limited efficacy and exhibit undesirable side effects. Aromatic diamidines and arylimidamides (AIAs) have shown broad-spectrum activity against intracellular parasites, including T. cruzi . Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the biological activity of eight novel AIAs (16DAP002, 16SAB079, 18SAB075, 23SMB022, 23SMB026, 23SMB054, 26SMB070, and 27SMB009) against experimental models of T. cruzi infection in vitro and in vivo . Our data show that none of the compounds induced a loss of cellular viability up to 32 μM. Two AIAs, 18SAB075 and 16DAP002, exhibited good in vitro activity against different parasite strains (Y and Tulahuen) and against the two relevant forms of the parasite for mammalian hosts. Due to the excellent selective indexes of 18SAB075, this AIA was moved to in vivo tests for acute toxicity and parasite efficacy; nontoxic doses (no-observed-adverse-effect level [NOAEL], 50 mg/kg) were employed in the tests for parasite efficacy. In experimental models of acute T. cruzi infection, 18SAB075 reduced parasitemia levels only up to 50% and led to 40% protection against mortality (at 5 mg/kg of body weight), being less effective than the reference drug, benznidazole.
THE PHYSICAL MECHANISM behind M DWARF METALLICITY INDICATORS and the ROLE of C and O ABUNDANCES
Creators: name: Veyette, M.J.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Allard, F.
name: Muirhead, P.S.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2016

description: We present near-infrared (NIR) synthetic spectra based on PHOENIX stellar atmosphere models of typical early and mid-M dwarfs with varied C and O abundances. We apply multiple recently published methods for determining M dwarf metallicity to our models to determine the effects of C and O abundances on metallicity indicators. We find that the pseudo-continuum level is very sensitive to C/O and that all metallicity indicators show a dependence on C and O abundances, especially in lower T eff models. In some cases, the inferred metallicity ranges over a full order of magnitude (>1 dex) when [C/Fe] and [O/Fe] are varied independently by 0.2. We also find that [(O-C)/Fe], the difference in O and C abundances, is a better tracer of the pseudo-continuum level than C/O. Models of mid-M dwarfs with [C/Fe], [O/Fe], and [M/H] that are realistic in the context of galactic chemical evolution suggest that variation in [(O-C)/Fe] is the primary physical mechanism behind the M dwarf metallicity tracers investigated here. Empirically calibrated metallicity indicators are still valid for most nearby M dwarfs due to the tight correlation between [(O-C)/Fe] and [Fe/H] evident in spectroscopic surveys of solar neighborhood FGK stars. Variations in C and O abundances also affect the spectral energy distribution of M dwarfs. Allowing [O/Fe] to be a free parameter provides better agreement between the synthetic spectra and observed spectra of metal-rich M dwarfs. We suggest that flux-calibrated, low-resolution, NIR spectra can provide a path toward measuring C and O abundances in M dwarfs and breaking the degeneracy between C/O and [Fe/H] present in M dwarf metallicity indicators.
Preoperative synovial fluid culture poorly predicts the pathogen causing periprosthetic joint infection
Creators: name: Schulz, Philipp
name: Dlaska, Constantin E.
name: Perka, Carsten
name: Trampuz, Andrej
name: Renz, Nora
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Synovial fluid
subject: Pathogen
subject: Detection
subject: Periprosthetic joint infection
subject: Preoperative arthrocentesis
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Purpose: We investigated the value of preoperative pathogen detection and evaluated its concordance with intraoperative cultures in patients with culture-positive periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Methods: Culture-positive PJI episodes with available preoperative (synovial fluid) and intraoperative cultures (periprosthetic tissue, synovial or sonication fluid) were analyzed. The pathogen detection rate in preoperative and intraoperative cultures was compared using Fisher’s exact test and their concordance was calculated. Results: Among 167 included PJI episodes, 150 were monomicrobial with coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 55, 37%), S. aureus (n = 34, 23%), and streptococci (n = 21, 14%) being the most common pathogens. Seventeen episodes (10%) were polymicrobial infections. The pathogen(s) grew in preoperative culture in 110 and in intraoperative cultures in 153 episodes (66% vs. 92%, p < 0.001). The pathogen detection rate was lower in preoperative compared to intraoperative cultures for low-virulent pathogens (40% vs. 94%, p < 0.001), polymicrobial infections (59% vs. 100%, p = 0.007), and in delayed and late PJI (63% vs. 94%, and 66% vs. 91%, respectively, p < 0.001). Full concordance of preoperative and intraoperative cultures was found in 87 episodes (52%). The pathogen was detected solely preoperatively in 14 episodes (8%) and solely intraoperatively in 57 cases (34%); an additional pathogen was found in 3 episodes (2%) preoperatively and in 6 episodes (4%) intraoperatively. Conclusion: The concordance of preoperative and intraoperative cultures was poor (52%). The sole or an additional pathogen was found exclusively in intraoperative cultures in 38% of PJI episodes, hence preoperative synovial fluid cultures are considered unreliable for pathogen detection in PJI.
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of 28DAP010, a Novel Diamidine for Treatment of Second-Stage African Sleeping Sickness
Creators: name: Yang, Sihyung
name: Wang, Michael Zhuo
name: Braissant, Olivier
name: Boykin, David W.
name: Wenzler, Tanja
name: Patrick, Donald A.
name: Tidwell, Richard R.
name: Ismail, Mohamed A.
name: Brun, Reto
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: ABSTRACT African sleeping sickness is a neglected tropical disease transmitted by tsetse flies. New and better drugs are still needed especially for its second stage, which is fatal if untreated. 28DAP010, a dipyridylbenzene analogue of DB829, is the second simple diamidine found to cure mice with central nervous system infections by a parenteral route of administration. 28DAP010 showed efficacy similar to that of DB829 in dose-response studies in mouse models of first- and second-stage African sleeping sickness. The in vitro time to kill, determined by microcalorimetry, and the parasite clearance time in mice were shorter for 28DAP010 than for DB829. No cross-resistance was observed between 28DAP010 and pentamidine on the tested Trypanosoma brucei gambiense isolates from melarsoprol-refractory patients. 28DAP010 is the second promising preclinical candidate among the diamidines for the treatment of second-stage African sleeping sickness.