cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Method for the Preparation of Perchloric Acid
Creators: name: Stenzel, Richard Werner
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1921
Subjects: Chemistry

description: Perchloric Acid is a substance resembling sulfuric acid in many respects. It is a strong acid, very stable in solution, and has a high boiling point. It possesses some advantages over sulfuric acid, such as being monobasic, and having relatively few insoluble salts. (K, Rb, Cs, and Tl perchlorates are only slightly soluble.) Hence a cheap way of making perchloric acid would be highly advantageous to the chemical industry. The present methods of its production are rather expensive, employing the electrolytic production of sodium perchlorate and the distillation of the latter with sulfuric acid under reduced pressure. The product, a 60% perchloric acid is now sold for $7 to $8 per pound. Ammonium perchlorate is obtainable at a fairly low cost, (about 2O [cents] per pound) and might be used as a basis for the cheaper preparation of perchloric acid.

Obviously the most direct method of accomplishing this would be the replacement of the NH4 radical in NH4ClO4 by H. It is proposed in this paper to find whether the ammonium ion in ammonium perchlorate solution can be oxidized by means of the oxides of nitrogen, producing only perchloric acid solution and gaseous products. The ideal reaction would be: (I) 2NH4ClO4 + N2O3 = 2N2 + 2HClO4 + 3H2O. This leaves no reaction products from which the perchloric acid need be purified, and hence it is desired to approach in practice this equation as closely as possible.
Tracking the U.S. Domestic Food Supply Chain’s Freshwater Use Over Time
Creators: name: Rehkamp, Sarah
name: Canning, Patrick
name: Birney, Catherine
name: Rehkamp, Sarah
name: Canning, Patrick
name: Birney, Catherine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: U.S. food system
subject: environmental input-output model

description: Freshwater is a resource that plays a key role in food production. This study evaluates the use of freshwater, known as blue water, used in U.S. food and beverage production for domestic consumption.
La escuela de Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Columbia: una escuela urbana e internacional para graduados in Trabajo Social
Creators: name: Kamerman, Sheila B.
name: Mullen, Edward Joseph
name: Fanshel, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Social service

description: La Escuela de Trabajo Social de
la Universidad de Columbia en Nueva
York (CUSSW”, Columbia University
School of Social Work) es la más antigua
de los Estados Unidos de América.
Creada en 1898, continúa consideránclose
actualmente como una institución
académica pionera e innovadora.
CUSSW se encuentra en la ciudad
de Nueva York, centro de numerosas
instituciones educativas, de
negocios y de organizaciones de bienestar
social tanto de ámbito local,
como nacional e internacional. Tiene
además una extensión en el condado
de Westchester, en las afueras de la
ciudad de Nueva York.
Al tiempo que la economía de
Nueva York se recuperaba de las
numerosas pérdidas de puestos de
trabajo motivada por la recesión económica
del perfodo 1969-77, esta
recuperación dejó al margen, tras sí,
un número creciente de negros e hispanos,
de inmigrantes de América
Latina, Asia, Africa. La transformación
de una economía industrial en una
economia financiera y de servicios
amplió las oportunidades de trabajo
para ¡os que disponían de mayores
cualificaciones y habilidades profesionales.
Pero en otros casos, los altos y
crecientes índices de fracaso escolar
en las enseñanzas medias, así como
el aumento del analfabetismo en los
adultos, excluyó a muchos que sólo
podían realizar trabajos marginales.
Así, los indices de pobreza de Nueva
York están por encima de los niveles
nacionales. Las desigualdades en
ingresos y en la riqueza son mayores
hoy que en el pasado. El paro y los
despidos afecta especialmente a los
jóvenes, por encima claramente de los
promedios nacionales. La industria
continúa en declive, y con él la posibi-
¡idad de acceso a un puesto de trabajo.
Estos son los resultados: una
depresión económica que vieneacompañada
por una nueva alienación y
patología sociales. Los “sin techo”, el
sida y la drogadicción han alcanzada
niveles sin precedentes, que marcarán
el contexto y la práctica de los años
90. Estos problemas —junto con otros
tales como el maltrato a menores y
ancianos, los embarazos de adolescentes
y las necesidades de los
minusválidos— salpican todos los grupos
sociales y económicos, pero son
particularmente visibles en la población
que circunda la Escuela de Trabajo
Social. Los propósitos de la
Escuela toman estas condiciones
sociales como su contexto natural.
20 Jahre nach der Veröffentlichung der „Sozialkonzeption“ der Russischen Orthodoxen Kirche
Creators: name: Elsner, Regina
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften
Year: 2020

description: Vor 20 Jahren veröffentlichte die Russische Orthodoxe Kirche mit ihren „Grundlagen der Sozialkonzeption“ zum ersten Mal in der Geschichte der Orthodoxie ein sozialethisches Grundlagendokument. Die ökumenischen und innerorthodoxen Erwartungen an die Weiterentwicklung der dort gelegten Ansätze einer theologischen Auseinandersetzung mit der modernen Gesellschaft waren hoch. Der Artikel argumentiert, dass – wie bereits zwei Mal in der russischen Geschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts – die gesellschaftspolitischen Umstände eine Weiterentwicklung der Sozialethik vorerst verhinderten. Die in der Geschichte der ROK dominante Orientierung am Staat und Ausrichtung auf das sittliche Leben des Individuums führt zu einem Ausblenden der seit 1990 entstandenen Zivilgesellschaft. Diese Tendenz wird von der aktuellen Politik der Unterdrückung der Zivilgesellschaft verstärkt, allerdings zeigen die Situation in der Ukraine und eine neu entstehenden „politischen Theologie“, dass die russisch-orthodoxe Theologie potentiell über andere Handlungsoptionen verfügt.
description: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, Bd. 61 (2020): Postkoloniale Theorien und Sozialethik
The Disappearing Seasonality of Autism Conceptions in California
Creators: name: Mazumdar, Soumya
name: Liu, Ka-Yuet
name: Susser, Ezra S.
name: Bearman, Peter Shawn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Epidemiology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Autism spectrum disorders
subject: Autism in children
subject: Autism in children--Etiology

description: Autism incidence and prevalence have increased dramatically in the last two decades. The autism caseload in California increased 600% between 1992 and 2006, yet there is little consensus as to the cause. Studying the seasonality of conceptions of children later diagnosed with autism may yield clues to potential etiological drivers. We searched for seasonality in conceptions of children later diagnosed with autism by applying a one-dimensional scan statistic with adaptive temporal windows on case and control population data from California for 1992 through 2000. We tested for potential confounding effects from known risk factors using logistic regression models. There is a consistent but decreasing seasonal pattern in the risk of conceiving a child later diagnosed with autism in November for the first half of the study period. Temporal clustering of autism conceptions is not an artifact of composition with respect to known risk factors for autism such as socio-economic status. There is some evidence of seasonality in the risk of conceiving a child later diagnosed with autism. Searches for environmental factors related to autism should allow for the possibility of risk factors or etiological drivers that are seasonally patterned and that appear and remain salient for a discrete number of years.
Zur Rezeption Postkolonialer Theorie in der deutschsprachigen Theologie
Creators: name: Nausner, Michael
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften
Year: 2020

description: Postkoloniale Theorie ist im englischsprachigen Raum – ausgelöst von Edward W. Saids bahnbrechendem Werk Orientalismus (1978) – in den 1980er-Jahren entstanden und gegen Ende des vergangenen Jahrhunderts auch im deutschsprachigen Raum angekommen. In der Theologie begann eine allgemein wahrnehmbare Rezeption erst vor gut zehn Jahren. Dabei war es zunächst vor allem die Missionswissenschaft/Interkulturelle Theologie, die die Bedeutung dieser Theoriebildung für die Theologie würdigte. In ihrer Thematisierung von bis heute wirksamen kolonialen Denk- und Handlungsweisen sowie kulturellen Veränderungsprozessen und den darin zum Ausdruck kommenden Machtverhältnissen ist Postkoloniale Theorie jedoch vor allem auch von sozialethischer Bedeutung. Ihre sozialethische Relevanz zeigt sich allgemein in der Analyse hegemonialer Denkstrukturen im interkulturellen und interreligiösen Kontext, in der postkoloniale Einsichten zu tieferem Verständnis beitragen, konkret jedoch in der theologisch-ethischen Diskussion über die Migration im deutschsprachigen Raum, bei der postkoloniale Theorie mit ihrer subtilen Analyse kultureller Vielfalt und Hybridität eine wichtige Rolle zu spielen beginnt. Dennoch steht eine ausführlichere Behandlung postkolonialer Theorie in ihrer Bedeutung für die christliche Sozialethik noch aus.
description: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, Bd. 61 (2020): Postkoloniale Theorien und Sozialethik
Super Stores’ Impact on the Availability of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Approved Stores
Creators: name: Ollinger, Michael
name: Ver Ploeg, Michele
name: Dicken, Chris
name: Ollinger, Michael
name: Ver Ploeg, Michele
name: Dicken, Chris
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: super stores
subject: grocery stores

description: Examining the impact of new super store entry on the survival of existing traditional stores and the cost savings to SNAP beneficiaries.
Quantifying Oxidation Rates of Carbon Monoxide on a Pt/C Electrode
Creators: name: Balasubramanian, Siva
name: Lakshmanan, Balasubramanian
name: Hetzke, Christine E.
name: Sethuraman, Vijay A.
name: Weidner, John W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electrochemical oxidation of carbon monoxide adsorbed (COad) on platinum-on-carbon electrodes was studied via a methodology in which pre-adsorbed CO was partially oxidized by applying potentiostatic pulses for certain durations. The residual COad was analyzed using stripping voltammetry that involved the deconvolution of COad oxidation peaks of voltammograms to quantify the weakly and strongly bound species of COad. The data obtained for various potentials and temperatures were fit to a model based on a nucleation and growth mechanism. The resulting fit produced potential- and temperature-dependent rate parameters that provided insight into the oxidation mechanism of the two COad species. Irrespective of the applied potential or temperature, the concentration of weakly bound COad species decreased exponentially with time. In contrast, the strongly bound COad species showed a gradual transition of mechanisms, from progressive nucleation at relatively low potentials to exponential decay at high potentials.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
Reflexive Repräsentation in Ethik und Politik
Creators: name: Winkler, Katja
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften
Year: 2020

description: Der Beitrag zeigt auf, dass und wie die postkoloniale Perspektive für die theologische Sozialethik in grundlagen-ethischer, politisch-ethischer und wissenschaftstheoretischer Hinsicht weiterführend sein kann. Anknüpfungspunkt ist hierbei die postkoloniale Menschenrechtkritik nach Gayatri C. Spivak. Die besondere Leistung der Postcolonial Studies liegt darin, dass sie mit dem Konzept der Subalternität und dem damit in Verbindung stehenden Othering Analyseinstrumente liefert, die auf eine verschärfte Form von Exklusion aufmerksam machen. Es handelt sich hierbei um mehr als bloße Ausgrenzung, die immernoch eine gewisse Zugehörigkeitin verminderter Form impliziert. Es geht vielmehr um ein Unsichtbarmachen von Personen und Personengruppen durch Repräsentationsprozesse. Stellvertretung, selbst wenn sie in bester Absicht geschieht, verunmöglicht, dass von Unrecht Betroffene ihre je eigene direkte Beurteilung der je eigenen Lebenslage öffentlich äußern können bzw. dass diese öffentlich gehört wird. So können Entwürfe der Anwaltschaftlichkeit, sei es auf ethischer, auf politischer oder auf der Ebene der Wissenschaft, stets nur reflektiert zum Einsatz kommen. Die postkoloniale Reflexion der Repräsentation nimmt also zunächst einmal diejenigen kritisch in den Blick, die eine privilegierte Stellung inne haben, die Unrecht richten und die die Ressourcen haben, AnwältInnen für Menschenrechte zu sein.
description: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, Bd. 61 (2020): Postkoloniale Theorien und Sozialethik
LifeComp for the Employability of young NEETs. State of the Art and Best practices
Creators: name: Millionis, S.
name: Lima, M.
name: Machado, J.
name: Schneider, B.
name: Santos, S.
name: Christofidou, D.
name: Abbruzzese, G.
name: Lanzetta, M.
name: González Costas, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This first project result aims at analysing the existing status and the successful practices in the application of the LifeComp Framework in education and training programs for young people and NEETs. The report consists of the analysis of at least 20 semi-structured interviews and a collection of best practices on the implementation of the LifeComp Framework in curricula and courses in formal and non-formal education and the conclusions of the focus groups from each participant country.
Honey Bees on the Move: From Pollination to Honey Production and Back
Creators: name: Bond, Jennifer K
name: Hitaj, Claudia
name: Smith, David
name: Hunt, Kevin
name: Perez, Agnes
name: Ferreira, Gustavo
name: Bond, Jennifer K
name: Hitaj, Claudia
name: Smith, David
name: Hunt, Kevin
name: Perez, Agnes
name: Ferreira, Gustavo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: pollination
subject: pollinator

description: As U.S. growers expand their cultivation of pollinator-dependent crops, including fruits and nuts, an increasing number of honey bee hives are transported around the country to provide pollination services. This report quantifies the seasonal flow of hives around the country and provides evidence of varying levels of intensity of reliance on pollination services by crop and by region.
A new approach to time-dependent transport through an interacting quantum dot within Keldysh formalism
Creators: name: Vovchenko, V.
name: Anchishkin, D.
name: Azema, J.
name: Lombardo, P.
name: Hayn, R.
name: Daré, A. -M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The time-dependent transport through a nano-scale device, consisting of a single spin-degenerate orbital with on-site Coulomb interaction, coupled to two leads, is investigated. Various gate and bias voltage time-dependences are considered. The key and new point lies in the proposed way to avoid the difficulties of the usual heavy computation when dealing with two time Green's functions within Keldysh formalism. The time-dependent retarded dot Green's functions are evaluated, in an efficient manner within a non-canonical Hubbard I approximation. Calculations of the time-dependent current are then presented in the wide-band limit for different parameter sets. A comparison between the method and the Hartree-Fock approximation is performed as well. It is shown that the later cannot account reliably for dynamical aspects of transport phenomena.
description: Accepted for publication in j phys condens mat
The UBV Color Evolution of Classical Novae. I. Nova-Giant Sequence in the Color-Color Diagram
Creators: name: Hachisu, Izumi
name: Kato, Mariko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identified a general course of classical nova outbursts in the B-V versus U-B color-color diagram. It is reported that novae show spectra similar to those of A--F supergiants near optical light maximum. However, they do not follow the supergiant sequence in the color-color diagram, neither the blackbody nor the main-sequence sequence. Instead, we found that novae evolve along a new sequence in the pre-maximum and near-maximum phases, which we call "the nova-giant sequence." This sequence is parallel to but Δ(U-B) \approx -0.2 mag bluer than the supergiant sequence. This is because the mass of a nova envelope is much (\sim10^{-4} times) less than that of a normal supergiant. After optical maximum, its color quickly evolves back blueward along the same nova-giant sequence and reaches the point of free-free emission (B-V=-0.03, U-B=-0.97), which coincides with the intersection of the blackbody sequence and the nova-giant sequence, and remains there for a while. Then the color evolves leftward (blueward in B-V but almost constant in U-B), owing mainly to the development of strong emission lines. This is the general course of nova outbursts in the color-color diagram, which was deduced from eight well-observed novae in various speed classes. For a nova with unknown extinction, we can determine a reliable value of the color excess by matching the observed track of the target nova with this general course. This is a new and convenient method for obtaining the color excesses of classical novae. Using this method, we redetermined the color excesses of twenty well-observed novae. The obtained color excesses are in reasonable agreement with the previous results, which in turn supports the idea of our general track of nova outbursts.
description: 55 pages, including 52 figures, ApJ, 785, 97, 2014 April 20
On the progenitor of the Type IIP SN 2013ej in M74
Creators: name: Fraser, Morgan
name: Maund, Justyn R.
name: Smartt, Stephen J.
name: Kotak, Rubina
name: Lawrence, Andy
name: Bruce, Alastair
name: Valenti, Stefano
name: Yuan, Fang
name: Benetti, Stefano
name: Chen, Ting-Wan
name: Gal-Yam, Avishay
name: Inserra, Cosimo
name: Young, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use natural seeing imaging of SN 2013ej in M74 to identify a progenitor candidate in archival {\it Hubble Space Telescope} + ACS images. We find a source coincident with the SN in the {\it F814W}-filter, however the position of the progenitor candidate in contemporaneous {\it F435W} and {\it F555W}-filters is significantly offset. We conclude that the "progenitor candidate" is in fact two physically unrelated sources; a blue source which is likely unrelated to the SN, and a red source which we suggest exploded as SN 2013ej. Deep images with the same instrument onboard {\it HST} taken when the supernova has faded (in approximately two years time) will allow us to accurately characterise the unrelated neighbouring source and hence determine the intrinsic flux of the progenitor in three filters. We suggest that the {\it F814W} flux is dominated by the progenitor of SN 2013ej, and assuming a bolometric correction appropriate to an M-type supergiant, we estimate that the mass of the progenitor of SN 2013ej was between 8 -- 15.5 M$_{\odot}$.
description: 5 pages, submitted to MNRAS letters
Postcolonial theology
Creators: name: De Jong-Kumru, Wietske
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften
Year: 2020

description: Postcolonial questions, questions about the continued legacy of the colonial past, are central to the field of postcolonial studies. Since the 1990s, a growing number of theologians have adopted, applied and translated them into the field of Christian theology. This article maps their journey, highlighting conversations with gender theory, liberation theology, and interreligious dialogue. After explaining the roots and routes of postcolonial theology, its future in academia is tentatively identified as a twofold challenge of difference, both internal and external. First, postcolonial theological practice challenges especially so-called mainstream, Western theological discourse to recognize the legitimacy of African, Asian, Latin American and indigenous theologies as equal partners in conversation. Second, a postcolonial gaze confronts us with the challenge and implications of a non-hierarchical view of religious difference.
description: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, Bd. 61 (2020): Postkoloniale Theorien und Sozialethik
Postcolonial Studies, Religion und Postsäkularität. (Miss-)Verständnisse von Identitätspolitik und ihre Folgen
Creators: name: Auga, Ulrike E.
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften
Year: 2020

description: Zunächst werden die Entstehung postkolonialer Kritik und ihre Basis früher antikolonialer Widerstände (Fanon) zeitlich, geografisch und disziplinär verortet. Saids Orientalismus- Kritik der westlichen Wissenschaft wird als Wende in der Kolonialismusanalyse aufgefasst. Hybridität, Mimikry, Differenz und Ambivalenz bei Bhaba sind Konzepte gegen Neonationalismen. Spivak fragt nach der Repräsentation der Subalternen, elaboriert epistemische Gewalt, Essentialisierung, ‚Othering‘ und verbleibt in Säkularismus. Mbembe prägt wesentlich den Begriff Postkolonialismus und erarbeitet aus der Biopolitik die Nekropolitik. Dekoloniale Theorien beziehen sich geografisch auf ‚Lateinamerika‘ und zeigen die Folgen der Kolonisierung seit dem 15. Jahrhundert bis in die Gegenwart (Quijano, Dussel, Mignolo). Die Ablehnung dekonstruktivistischer Zugänge in dekolonialen Ansätzen wird im Vergleich zu postkolonialen kritisiert. Insbesondere wird der Frage der Religion innerhalb postkolonialer Debatten nachgegangen. Damit verbunden ist das Ende der traditionellen Säkularisierungsthese (Casanova). Postkolonial erarbeitet Asad die Existenz verschiedener Säkularismen und kritisiert Neo-Orientalismus. Mahmood zeigte Subjektformation, Handlungsmacht und menschliches Blühen im Kontext von Religion. In meiner Arbeit, die epistemologisch vorgeht, verstehe ich Religion und Säkularität sowie Geschlecht als intersektionale, diskursive und performative Kategorien der Wissensproduktion. Subjektive deessentialisierte religiöse Erfahrungen und Perspektiven können als Beitrag zum radikalen sozialen Imaginären und zur Instituierung einer solidarischen Gesellschaft konzeptualisiert werden. Ein Sonderproblem der gegenwärtigen Forschung bleibt das Identitätskonzept.
description: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, Bd. 61 (2020): Postkoloniale Theorien und Sozialethik
Food Insecurity Among Working-Age Veterans
Creators: name: Rabbitt, Matthew P
name: Smith, Michael D
name: Rabbitt, Matthew P
name: Smith, Michael D
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: poverty
subject: veterans

description: This report documents the extent and severity of food insecurity among working-age veterans, ages 18–64, who made up 76 percent of the veteran population in 2019. Examining working-age veteran subpopulations, this report compares food insecurity among working-age veterans and nonveterans, and examines the association between military service and food insecurity.
Pathophysiology and Treatment of Alien Hand Syndrome
Creators: name: Sarva, Harini
name: Deik, Andres L.
name: Severt, William L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine

description: Background: Alien hand syndrome (AHS) is a disorder of involuntary, yet purposeful, hand movements that may be accompanied by agnosia, aphasia, weakness, or sensory loss. We herein review the most reported cases, current understanding of the pathophysiology, and treatments.

Methods: We performed a PubMed search in July of 2014 using the phrases “alien hand syndrome,” “alien hand syndrome pathophysiology,” “alien hand syndrome treatment,” and “anarchic hand syndrome.” The search yielded 141 papers (reviews, case reports, case series, and clinical studies), of which we reviewed 109. Non-English reports without English abstracts were excluded.

Results: Accumulating evidence indicates that there are three AHS variants: frontal, callosal, and posterior. Patients may demonstrate symptoms of multiple types; there is a lack of correlation between phenomenology and neuroimaging findings. Most pathologic and functional imaging studies suggest network disruption causing loss of inhibition as the likely cause. Successful interventions include botulinum toxin injections, clonazepam, visuospatial coaching techniques, distracting the affected hand, and cognitive behavioral therapy.

Discussion: The available literature suggests that overlap between AHS subtypes is common. The evidence for effective treatments remains anecdotal, and, given the rarity of AHS, the possibility of performing randomized, placebo-controlled trials seems unlikely. As with many other interventions for movement disorders, identifying the specific functional impairments caused by AHS may provide the best guidance towards individualized supportive care.
Economic Crises and U.S. Agricultural Exports
Creators: name: Liefert, William M
name: Mitchell, Lorraine
name: Seeley, Ralph
name: Liefert, William M
name: Mitchell, Lorraine
name: Seeley, Ralph
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: economic crises
subject: financial crises

description: An examination of past economic crises and a simulation exercise of the effects of possible future crises show that such shocks can reduce U.S. agricultural exports considerably, especially if a crisis hits a number of countries simultaneously.
Progenitor Type Identification for Supernova Remnant N103B in the Large Magellanic Cloud by Suzaku and Chandra Observations
Creators: name: Someya, Kentaro
name: Bamba, Aya
name: Ishida, Manabu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a detailed analysis of supernova remnant (SNR) N103B located in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), based on Suzaku and Chandra observations. The spectrum of the entire SNR was reproduced using 3 ISM components with the kT of 0.32, 0.56, and 0.92keV and one ejecta component of 3.96keV, based on spectral analysis of the Suzaku/XIS data. The ejecta was overabundant in heavy elements, such as Mg, Si, S, Ca, Fe, and Ni. The unprecedentedly high quality of data obtained by XIS, allowed us to correctly distinguish between the emissions from the ISM and the ejecta for the first time. Combining XIS spectral analysis with Chandra/ACIS image analysis, we verified that the ejecta distributions for elements from Si to Fe-K were similar to one another, although Fe-K emission was located slightly inward compared with that of lighter elements such as Si, S, Ar, and Ca. The onion-like structure of the ejecta was maintained after the SN. In addition, the ISM emission represented by O and Fe-L was located inside the ejecta emission. We compared hydrogen-rich ejecta plasma, which is indicative of Type II SNRs, with plasma rich in heavy elements and poor in hydrogen, which is mainly observed in Type Ia. In the case of N103B, we could not determine whether the origin of the continuum emission in the 4.0-6.0keV band was from ejecta or high-temperature ISM only based on the spectral modeling of XIS data. High-energy continuum images in the 5.2-6.0keV band obtained by ACIS were extremely similar to those of ejecta, implying that the origin of the high-energy continuum might indeed be the ejecta. By combining spectral analysis with high-energy continuum images, we found some indications for H-dominated plasma, and as a result, that the progenitor of N103B might have been a Type II. The progenitor mass was estimated to be 13 Msun based on the abundance patterns of Mg, Fe, and Ni relative to Si.
description: 16 pages, 16 figures, PASJ, in press
Evaporation of (quantum) black holes and energy conservation
Creators: name: Torres, R.
name: Fayos, F.
name: Lorente-Espin, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider Hawking radiation as due to a tunneling process in a black hole were quantum corrections, derived from Quantum Einstein Gravity, are taken into account. The consequent derivation, satisfying conservation laws, leads to a deviation from an exact thermal spectrum. The non-thermal radiation is shown to carry information out of the black hole. Under the appropriate approximation, a quantum corrected temperature is assigned to the black hole. The evolution of the quantum black hole as it evaporates is then described by taking into account the full implications of energy conservation as well as the back-scattered radiation. It is shown that, as a critical mass of the order of Planck's mass is reached, the evaporation process decelerates abruptly while the black hole mass decays towards this critical mass.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures
Reforming Market Access in Agricultural Trade: Tariff Removal and the Trade Facilitation Agreement
Creators: name: Beckman, Jayson
name: Beckman, Jayson
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: CGE
subject: tariffs

description: ERS analyzes two potential scenarios for reforming global agricultural trade—removing all tariffs or eliminating trade costs through the Trade Facilitation Agreement—and compares their effects on trade, production, prices, and social welfare.
Comments on the U.S. Social Cost of Carbon
Creators: name: Ceronsky, Megan
name: Revesz, Richard L.
name: Keohane, Nathaniel O.
name: Cleetus, Rachel
name: Convery, Frank J.
name: Schwartz, Jason A.
name: Howard, Peter H.
name: Sterner, Thomas
name: Johnson, Laurie T.
name: Wagner, Gernot
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Climatic changes
Environmental law

description: Our organizations respectfully submit these comments regarding EPA’s use of the Interagency
Working Group’s valuation of the Social Cost of Carbon to assess the costs and benefits of its
greenhouse gas emissions guidelines for existing fossil fuel-fired power plants (the Clean Power
Plan). Our organizations have separately and independently submitted other comments regarding
the proposed emissions guidelines themselves.
We strongly affirm that the current Social Cost of Carbon (SCC) values are sufficiently robust and
accurate to continue to be the basis for regulatory analysis going forward. As demonstrated below,
if anything, current values are significant underestimates of the SCC. As economic and scientific
research continues to develop in the future, the value should be revised, and we also offer
recommendations for that future revision.
The Opioid Epidemic: A Geography in Two Phases
Creators: name: McGranahan, David
name: Parker, Timothy
name: McGranahan, David
name: Parker, Timothy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: opioids
subject: rural

description: The United States is experiencing a drug overdose mortality epidemic marked by the introduction and spread of opioids across rural and urban areas. The epidemic’s effect on adults of prime working age (ages 25-54) has been substantial, with the mortality from drug overdoses more than tripling between 1999 and 2018—from 11.3 to 36.5 deaths per 100,000 people.
Musical and Intellectual Values: Interpreting the History of Tonal Theory
Creators: name: Burnham, Scott
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: Music

description: For many years, the history of music theory seemed most useful as a
source for dissertation topics, the models of choice being the critically
annotated translation of some little-read treatise, "book report"-style coverage
of a wider range of a theorist's work, or sometimes the tracing of a
concept or category through several generations of theorists. The unstated assumption that there would be little overwhelming relevance in such topics guaranteed their suitability as journeyman
demonstrations of scholarly aptitude. Students could safely work in distant tributaries, away from the roaring cataracts of central issues. Intellectual investment would be limited to showing a consciousness of the relationship of such tributaries to the main stream, either by locating
originary traces of modern theories or by indulging in the compensatory satisfaction of being able to appraise earlier theories as primitive and unenlightened. But as more and more theorists have been brought to light in this manner and the list of critical editions grows, there is an equally growing apprehension that the history of our theoretical assumptions has moved closer to the center of our concerns in musicology. For as we become increasingly self-aware of the ways we talk about music, as talk about music eclipses music itself as the most fascinating object in the
academic firmament, the history of such talk suddenly assumes a luminous relevance.
Decreased EAAT2 protein expression in the essential tremor cerebellar cortex
Creators: name: Lee, Michelle
name: Cheng, Melody
name: Lin, Chi-Ying
name: Louis, Elan D.
name: Faust, Phyllis L.
name: Kuo, Sheng-Han
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Genetic polymorphisms in Solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2 (SLC1A2) have been linked with essential tremor. SLC1A2 encodes excitatory amino acid transporter type 2 (EAAT2), which clears glutamate from the synaptic cleft. One postulated mechanism for essential tremor is the over-excitation of glutamatergic olivo-cerebellar climbing fibers, leading to excitotoxic death of Purkinje cells. Other glutamatergic excitatory signals are transmitted to Purkinje cells via parallel fibers of cerebellar granule neurons. Therefore, the expression level of glutamate transporters could be important in essential tremor pathogenesis. Using Western blotting, we compared the expression levels of the two main glutamate transporters in the cerebellar cortex, EAAT1 and EAAT2, in postmortem tissue from 16 essential tremor cases and 13 age-matched controls. We also studied the localization of EAAT1 and EAAT2 using immunohistochemistry in 10 essential tremor cases and 12 controls. EAAT1 protein levels were similar in cases and controls (1.12 ± 0.83 vs. 1.01 ± 0.69, p =0.71) whereas EAAT2 protein levels in essential tremor cases were only 1/3 of that in controls (0.35 ± 0.23 vs. 1.00 ± 0.62, p < 0.01). Interestingly, EAAT2, but not EAAT1, was expressed in astrocytic processes surrounding the Purkinje cell axon initial segment, a region of previously observed pathological changes in essential tremor. Our main finding, a significant reduction in cerebellar cortical EAAT2 protein levels in essential tremor, suggests that Purkinje cells in essential tremor might be more vulnerable to excitotoxic damage than those of controls.
Potential for Precision Measurement of Low-Energy Antiprotons with GAPS for Dark Matter and Primordial Black Hole Physics
Creators: name: Aramaki, T.
name: Boggs, S. E.
name: von Doetinchem, P.
name: Fuke, H.
name: Hailey, C. J.
name: Mognet, S. A. I.
name: Ong, R. A.
name: Perez, K. M.
name: Zweerink, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The general antiparticle spectrometer (GAPS) experiment is a proposed indirect dark matter search focusing on antiparticles produced by WIMP (weakly interacting massive particle) annihilation and decay in the Galactic halo. In addition to the very powerful search channel provided by antideuterons, GAPS has a strong capability to measure low-energy antiprotons (0.07 $\le$ E $\le$ 0.25 GeV) as dark matter signatures. This is an especially effective means for probing light dark matter, whose existence has been hinted at in the direct dark matter searches, including the recent result from the CDMS-II experiment. While severely constrained by LUX and other direct dark matter searches, light dark matter candidates are still viable in an isospin-violating dark matter scenario and halo-independent analysis. Along with the excellent antideuteron sensitivity, GAPS will be able to detect an order of magnitude more low-energy antiprotons, compared to BESS, PAMELA and AMS-02, providing a precision measurement of low-energy antiproton flux and a unique channel for probing light dark matter models. Additionally, dark matter signatures from gravitinos and Kaluza-Klein right-handed neutrinos as well as evidence of primordial black hole evaporation can be observed through low-energy antiproton search.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Modern Slavery Survivor Pathways: A Critique of UK Policy, Legislation and Practice
Creators: name: Greenslade, Anne-Marie
Publisher: name: Leeds Beckett University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This thesis examines the Modern Slavery survivor pathway from intervention to recovery and assesses the support systems available to survivors throughout this process. It also explores links to other traumatic crimes and investigates how the role of “witness” in the criminal justice system impacts survivors’ experiences. The work showcases findings from interviews with frontline practitioners alongside analysis of Government publications and independent reports. This research builds on existing literature and draws on a range of sources to develop a broad and detailed picture of the survivor support system in the UK. Against this backdrop, the thesis offers a unique perspective based on the experiences of frontline practitioners within the survivor support system and provides a holistic contribution to the current body of work in this field. This thesis posits that the current Modern Slavery legal framework is failing survivors of this horrific crime. The UK Government is falling short of its commitment to protect and support survivors and much of the financial cost of support is subsidised through the voluntary sector’s own fundraising efforts. Combined with a greater Governmental focus on immigration enforcement, many survivors end up homeless or in immigration detention. Poor monitoring and communication practices mean that many survivor outcomes are not known at all. The findings emphasise the importance of holistic care pathways with a consistent, benchmark standard of support across all services, including advocacy for each individual. The thesis further argues that the UK Government needs to extend its anti-slavery efforts towards long-term support and understanding of survivor needs, which should include a focus on survivor narratives and input. This would not only improve recovery outcomes but would advance the criminal justice process in this area through witness retention and stronger evidence.
China's Refusals of Food Imports
Creators: name: Gale, Fred
name: Gale, Fred
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: food safety
subject: inspections

description: Compliance with China’s food standards and regulations can be a challenge for exporters aspiring to sell to that country’s growing market. Refusals of imports fluctuate from year to year, peaking in 2007 and 2017 and dropping to their lowest-ever totals in 2018-19.
Wenn die Trommeln schweigen
Creators: name: Hölzl, Richard
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften
Year: 2020

description: In diesem Beitrag zeige ich auf, warum verstärkte Bemühungen und Initiativen notwendigsind, um die koloniale Herkunft sowohl vieler Gegenstände in Missionsmuseen als auch der Institutionen selbst sichtbar zu machen. Ohne solche Bemühungen wird weiterhin „kolonialer Aphasie“ Vorschub geleistet. Denn das bedeutet es letztlich, wenn koloniale Objekte (neu) ausgestellt werden, ohne ihre kolonialen Herkunfts- und Gewaltkontexte aufzuzeigen. Es ist zu begrüßen, wenn Objekte nicht mehr als Artefakte unterlegener, primitiver Kulturen oder als Ausweis des christlichen Sieges über „Heidentum“ und „Aberglaube“ gezeigt werden. Heute gelten sie oft als Ausweis von Kunstfertigkeit oder als Kunstwerke eigenen Rechts. Wenn über die kolonialen Grundlagen des Sammelns und Ausstellens Stillschweigen herrscht, so kommt das dennoch einer Verdrängung jener Gewalt und Unterdrückung gleich, die sich eben auch mit den Gegenständen, den Ausstellungsweisen und der Institution Missionsmuseum verbindet. Diesen Beitrag verstehe ich als Denkanstoß. Dazu diskutiere ich museale (Nicht-)Darstellung von Kolonialismus kritisch am Beispiel der 2015 neu eröffneten Dauerausstellung des Missionsmuseums St. Ottilien und der darin ausgestellten Ngoma-Trommeln, Initiationsmasken und Märtyrer-Memorabilien.
description: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, Bd. 61 (2020): Postkoloniale Theorien und Sozialethik
Mobilizing the Private Sector
Creators: name: Ghosh, Arunabha
name: Müller, Benito
name: Pizer, William
name: Wagner, Gernot
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Climatic changes
Environmental economics

description: In recent years, public sector funding, in general, and for the support of activities in developing
countries, in particular, has become more and more ‘results’ and ‘performance’ oriented. The
Governing Instrument of the recently established Green Climate Fund (GCF),
for example, tasks the
GCF Board with establishing ‘a framework for the monitoring and evaluation of performance … of
activities supported by the Fund’ and approving a ‘results measurement framework with guidelines
and appropriate performance indicators’.
There are different methods by which performance can be ‘indicated’ (or even ‘measured’) in this
context. The World Bank, for example, uses Country Performance Ratings which are based on its
Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) and country implementation performance indices
based on its Annual Report on Portfolio Performance. In the CPIA, countries are assessed with respect
to 16 different criteria in terms of a largely qualitative 6-level ranking.
The focus of this brief,
however, is on activities that are associated with quantitative performance indicators, i.e. performance
assessed in terms of measured quantities − such as tonnes (of carbon), kWh, or hectares − as carried
out by the private sector.
title: Institutiones; 1468.05.24
title: Mit der Glossa ordinaria von Accursius Florentinus. Mit Gedicht auf den Drucker 'Scema tabernaculi moises... '
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Justianus I., Imperator
name: Accursius, Franciscus Senior
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2013

description: Bibliogr. Nachweis: Hain 9489. Pell-Pol 6793. Pol 2340. IGI 5486. BMC I,25 (IC. 128). Goff J506.
The Prelude from Bach's Suite No.4 for Violoncello Solo: The Submerged Urlinie
Creators: name: Schachter, Carl
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Music

description: The contrapuntal texture of the Prelude from Bach's Suite No.4 for Solo Violoncello involves a quick-moving and active bass line above which all three factors of the tonic triad initiate important linear strands: ̂8 forms a cover tone that begins and ends the Prelude; ̂5 is the first note of a rising fourth-progression that culminates in the final ̂8; ̂3 descends to ̂1 at the structural cadence before the coda. These three strands interact with each other and with the bass in complex ways; among the complexities is a carefully elaborated introduction of chromatic elements, centering on a contradiction between D♭ and D♮ whose resolution helps to direct the Prelude's large-scale harmonic structure. In the opening tonic arpeggio, ̂3 lies below ̂8 and ̂5, and a disposition that characterizes the Prelude as a whole. Thus the descent from ̂3 to ̂1 occurs in the middle of the texture rather than at the top. This structural line is embedded within a contrapuntal complex in a way that gives it a somewhat unusual character. The "melodic" foreground sounds less like the exfoliation of the Urlinie than like the composite of elements from the three primary strands, the Urlinie being first among equals rather than the governing upper voice. This suggests that the inference of a two part outer-voice counterpoint has less explanatory power for the Prelude
than it does for most of the tonal repertory.
Entwicklungszusammenarbeit in Zeiten von Covid-19
Creators: name: Jahnel, Claudia
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften
Year: 2020

description: Die Corona-„Krise“ im Frühjahr 2020 mobilisiert Praktiken, die in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und Gesundheitsfürsorge im kolonialen und postkolonialen Kontext eine lange Tradition haben. Dazu zählen die Angst vor Ansteckung und vor dem Anderen generell, die eine Epistemologie der Grenzziehung beflügelt hat; die dichotome Gegenüberstellung westlicher fortschrittlicher Medizin und primitiver traditioneller Heilkunde; die Hypervisibilisierung des Körpers des Anderen, der auch heute noch in Gestalt des Flüchtlings in seiner schonungslosen Vulnerabilität gezeigt wird, während die Verletzlichkeit von Europäern versteckt wird; und schließlich der unbeirrbare Glaube, dass die Zukunft des globalen Südens davon abhängt, ob dieser – die Entwicklung „aufholend“ – in der Gegenwart des von technischem Fortschritt bestimmten Nordens ankommt. Der Beitrag unterzieht diese anhaltenden Dynamiken einer kritisch-postkolonialen Relektüre und erinnert mit dem Konzept von „Heil und Heilung“ an Ansätze der kirchlichen Entwicklungskooperation und Sozialethik, die das Potential haben, dem Egozentrismus und der neoliberalen Wirtschaftspolitik Alternativen entgegenzustellen, die die Vulnerabilität und Zukunft der einen Welt als gemeinsame Verantwortung von globalem Süden und Norden verstehen.
description: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, Bd. 61 (2020): Postkoloniale Theorien und Sozialethik
The first month of evolution of the slow rising type II-P SN 2013ej in M74
Creators: name: Valenti, S.
name: Sand, D.
name: Pastorello, A.
name: Graham, M. L.
name: Howell, D. A.
name: Parrent, J.
name: Tomasella, L.
name: Ochner, P.
name: Fraser, M.
name: Benetti, S.
name: Yuan, F.
name: Smartt, S. J.
name: Maund, J. R.
name: Arcavi, I.
name: Gal-Yam, A.
name: Inserra, C.
name: Young, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present early photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN 2013ej, a bright type IIP supernova in M74. SN 2013ej is one of the closest SNe ever discovered. The available archive images and the early discovery help to constrain the nature of its progenitor. The earliest detection of this explosion was on 2013 July 24.14 UT and our spectroscopic monitoring began on July 27.73 UT, continuing almost daily for two weeks with the LCOGT FLOYDS spectrographs. Daily optical photometric monitoring was achieved with the LCOGT 1m network, and were complemented by UV data from SWIFT and near-infrared spectra from PESSTO and IRTF. The data from our monitoring campaign show that SN 2013ej experienced a 10-day rise before entering into a well defined plateau phase. This unusually long rise time for a type IIP has been seen previously in SN 2006bp and SN 2009bw. A relatively rare strong absorption blue-ward of Hα is present since our earliest spectrum. We identify this feature as Si ii, rather than high velocity Hα as sometimes reported in the literature.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, letter submitted to MNRAS