cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Efficient power and data converter circuits for RFID applications
Creators: name: Kamalinejad, Pouya
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: The basic concept of radio-frequency identification (RFID) as a means of wireless identification of physical objects has existed for over half a century. However, the technology became economically feasible during the mid-90s mainly due to proliferation of low-cost integrated circuits. Since its emergence, RFID technology has gained extensive attraction and has been used in numerous industrial applications. To facilitate widespread deployment, RFID tags as the backbone of such identification systems have to fulfil two general requirements, namely, low power consumption and small form factor. In this thesis, with an emphasis on power and area efficient architectures, efficient data and power converters as the two major building blocks of sensor-enabled RFID tags are investigated. In the context of data conversion, by using two low-power analog buffers instead of the conventional binary weighted capacitive array, a low-power 8-bit successive-approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with an area efficient digital-to-analog converter (DAC) architecture is proposed. Furthermore, time-mode ADC as an alternative area and power-efficient structure is discussed and a highly linear, wide-input-range voltage-to-time converter (VTC) is presented and experimentally evaluated. In the context of efficient power converters, through optimizing the bias voltage of the gate of switching transistors in a conventional differential rectifier, three high-efficiency RF rectifier architectures, namely, gate-boosted, auxiliary-cell biased, and quasi-floating-gate (QFG)-biased rectifiers are proposed. Furthermore, through dynamically adjusting the input capacitance, a dual-band matching approach for RF rectifiers is presented. The proposed QFG-biased rectifier is incorporated and analyzed in a wake-up radio front-end. Also, backscattering method as a power efficient scheme during the transmit mode is studied in the context of biomedical implants. Furthermore, based on the techniques developed for enhancing the efficiency of the rectifier, an ultra-low-power complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor ( CMOS ) voltage-controlled ring oscillator architecture is proposed. The proposed building blocks and systems, namely, ADC, rectifiers, wake-up radio structure, and voltage-controlled ring-oscillator architecture are designed in a 0.13-µm CMOS technology and their performances are verified through post-layout simulation and/or measurement results.
Açık Veri Yönetiminde Çerceve Yapılar ve Standartlar
Creators: name: , Holt
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: açık veri
FAIR ilkeleri
TBL 5 yıldız ilkeleri

description: Sunumda açık veri yönetiminde kullanılan çerçeve yapılar ve standartlardan söz edilmektedir. Bu kapsamda Tim Berners Lee (TBL) 5 yıldız çerçeve yapısı ve FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) İlkeleri açıklanmakta ve farklılıklarına değinilmektedir.

Verinin paylaşımı konusunda ilk çerçeve yapı, web’in kurucusu Tim Berners Lee (TBL) tarafından Bağlı Açık Veri (LOD) konsepti ile ortaya kondu ve beş kümülatif ilkesi vardır. FAIR ilkeleri (Bulunabilir, Erişilebilir, Birlikte işlerlik, Yeniden kullanılabilir), TBL 5 yıldız ilkelerinin aksine, FAIR ilkeleri kümülatif değildir. Her biri ayrı ayrı, farklı zamanlarda yerine getirilebilir. FAIR ilkelerinin odak noktası verinin ‘açık’ olmasında ziyade erişim hakları üzerinedir. Verinin provenansına, atıf yapılmasına ve sürekliliğine dikkat çeker. İlkeler teknik spesifikasyon düzeyine inmez, verinin FAIR’lik düzeyini belirleyen genel bir rehber görevi görür.
A Cryogenic Integrated Noise Calibration and Coupler Module Using a MMIC LNA
Creators: name: Bryerton, Eric W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new cryogenic noise calibration source for radio astronomy receivers is presented. Dissipated power is only 4.2 mW, allowing it to be integrated with the cold part of the receiver. Measured long-term stability, sensitivity to bias voltages, and noise power output versus frequency are presented. The measured noise output versus frequency is compared to a warm noise diode injected into cryogenic K-band receiver and shows the integrated noise module to have less frequency structure, which will result in more accurate astronomical flux calibrations. It is currently in operation on the new 7-element K-band focal plane array receiver on the NRAO Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT).
description: Accepted May 03, 2011 for publication in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
The targum (1873:Nov.)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1873

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
An optimal transport approach for solving dynamic inverse problems in spaces of measures
Creators: name: Bredies, Kristian
name: Fanzon, Silvio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65J20, 49J20, 35F05, 46G12, 92C55

description: In this paper we propose and study a novel optimal transport based regularization of linear dynamic inverse problems. The considered inverse problems aim at recovering a measure valued curve and are dynamic in the sense that (i) the measured data takes values in a time dependent family of Hilbert spaces, and (ii) the forward operators are time dependent and map, for each time, Radon measures into the corresponding data space. The variational regularization we propose is based on dynamic (un-)balanced optimal transport which means that the measure valued curves to recover (i) satisfy the continuity equation, i.e., the Radon measure at time $t$ is advected by a velocity field $v$ and varies with a growth rate $g$, and (ii) are penalized with the kinetic energy induced by $v$ and a growth energy induced by $g$. We establish a functional-analytic framework for these regularized inverse problems, prove that minimizers exist and are unique in some cases, and study regularization properties. This framework is applied to dynamic image reconstruction in undersampled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), modelling relevant examples of time varying acquisition strategies, as well as patient motion and presence of contrast agents.
description: 35 pages
A Tauberian Theorem for $\ell$-adic Sheaves on $\mathbb A^1$
Creators: name: Fu, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F20

description: Let $K\in L^1(\mathbb R)$ and let $f\in L^\infty(\mathbb R)$ be two functions on $\mathbb R$. The convolution $$(K\ast f)(x)=\int_{\mathbb R}K(x-y)f(y)dy$$ can be considered as an average of $f$ with weight defined by $K$. Wiener's Tauberian theorem says that under suitable conditions, if $$\lim_{x\to \infty}(K\ast f)(x)=\lim_{x\to \infty} (K\ast A)(x)$$ for some constant $A$, then $$\lim_{x\to \infty}f(x)=A.$$ We prove the following $\ell$-adic analogue of this theorem: Suppose $K,F, G$ are perverse $\ell$-adic sheaves on the affine line $\mathbb A$ over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p$ ($p\not=\ell$). Under suitable conditions, if $$(K\ast F)|_{η_\infty}\cong (K\ast G)|_{η_\infty},$$ then $$F|_{η_\infty}\cong G|_{η_\infty},$$ where $η_\infty$ is the spectrum of the local field of $\mathbb A$ at $\infty$.
description: To appear in Science in China, an issue dedicated to Wang Yuan on the occation of his 80th birthday
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Calibration with WMAP Using Cross-Correlations
Creators: name: Hajian, Amir
name: Acquaviva, Viviana
name: Ade, Peter A. R.
name: Aguirre, Paula
name: Amiri, Mandana
name: Appel, John William
name: Barrientos, L. Felipe
name: Battistelli, Elia S.
name: Bond, J. Richard
name: Brown, Ben
name: Burger, Bryce
name: Chervenak, Jay
name: Das, Sudeep
name: Devlin, Mark J.
name: Dicker, Simon R.
name: Doriese, W. Bertrand
name: Dunkley, Joanna
name: Dunner, Rolando
name: Essinger-Hileman, Thomas
name: Fisher, Ryan P.
name: Fowler, Joseph W.
name: Halpern, Mark
name: Hasselfield, Matthew
name: Hernandez-Monteagudo, Carlos
name: Hilton, Gene C.
name: Hilton, Matt
name: Hincks, Adam D.
name: Hlozek, Renee
name: Huffenberger, Kevin M.
name: Hughes, David H.
name: Hughes, John P.
name: Infante, Leopoldo
name: Irwin, Kent D.
name: Juin, Jean Baptiste
name: Kaul, Madhuri
name: Klein, Jeff
name: Kosowsky, Arthur
name: Lau, Judy M
name: Limon, Michele
name: Lin, Yen-Ting
name: Lupton, Robert H.
name: Marriage, Tobias A.
name: Marsden, Danica
name: Mauskopf, Phil
name: Menanteau, Felipe
name: Moodley, Kavilan
name: Moseley, Harvey
name: Netterfield, Calvin B.
name: Niemack, Michael D.
name: Nolta, Michael R.
name: Page, Lyman A.
name: Parker, Lucas
name: Partridge, Bruce
name: Reid, Beth
name: Sehgal, Neelima
name: Sherwin, Blake D.
name: Sievers, Jon
name: Spergel, David N.
name: Staggs, Suzanne T.
name: Swetz, Daniel S.
name: Switzer, Eric R.
name: Thornton, Robert
name: Trac, Hy
name: Tucker, Carole
name: Warne, Ryan
name: Wollack, Ed
name: Zhao, Yue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new calibration method based on cross-correlations with WMAP and apply it to data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). ACT's observing strategy and map making procedure allows an unbiased reconstruction of the modes in the maps over a wide range of multipoles. By directly matching the ACT maps to WMAP observations in the multipole range of 400 < ell < 1000, we determine the absolute calibration with an uncertainty of 2% in temperature. The precise measurement of the calibration error directly impacts the uncertainties in the cosmological parameters estimated from the ACT power spectra. We also present a combined map based on ACT and WMAP data that has high signal-to-noise over a wide range of multipoles.
description: Submitted to ApJ. This is a companion to Das et al (2010) and Dunkley et al (2010)
General selection models: Bernstein duality and minimal ancestral structures
Creators: name: Cordero, Fernando
name: Hummel, Sebastian
name: Schertzer, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Primary: 82C22, 92D15 Secondary: 60J25, 60J27

description: $Λ$-Wright--Fisher processes provide a robust framework to describe the type-frequency evolution of an infinite neutral population. We add a polynomial drift to the corresponding stochastic differential equation to incorporate frequency-dependent selection. A decomposition of the drift allows us to approximate the solution of the stochastic differential equation by a sequence of Moran models. The genealogical structure underlying the Moran model leads in the large population limit to a generalisation of the ancestral selection graph of Krone and Neuhauser. Building on this object, we construct a continuous-time Markov chain and relate it to the forward process via a new form of duality, which we call Bernstein duality. We adapt classical methods based on the moment duality to determine the time to absorption and criteria for the accessibility of the boundaries; this extends a recent result by González Casanova and Spanò. An intriguing feature of the construction is that the same forward process is compatible with multiple backward models. In this context we introduce suitable notions for minimality among the ancestral processes and characterise the corresponding parameter sets. In this way we recover classic ancestral structures as minimal ones.
description: 48 pages, 11 figures
Fine structure of the isoscalar giant quadrupole resonance in 40Ca due to Landau damping?
Creators: name: Usman, I.
name: Buthelezi, Z.
name: Carter, J.
name: Cooper, G. R. J.
name: Fearick, R. W.
name: Förtsch, S. V.
name: Fujita, H. Fujita Y.
name: Kalmykov, Y.
name: von Neumann-Cosel, P.
name: Neveling, R.
name: Papakonstantinou, P.
name: Richter, A.
name: Roth, R.
name: Shevchenko, A.
name: Sideras-Haddad, E.
name: Smit, F. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fragmentation of the Isoscalar Giant Quadrupole Resonance (ISGQR) in 40Ca has been investigated in high energy-resolution experiments using proton inelastic scattering at E_p = 200 MeV. Fine structure is observed in the region of the ISGQR and its characteristic energy scales are extracted from the experimental data by means of a wavelet analysis. The experimental scales are well described by Random Phase Approximation (RPA) and second-RPA calculations with an effective interaction derived from a realistic nucleon-nucleon interaction by the Unitary Correlation Operator Method (UCOM). In these results characteristic scales are already present at the mean-field level pointing to their origination in Landau damping, in contrast to the findings in heavier nuclei and also to SRPA calculations for 40Ca based on phenomenological effective interactions, where fine structure is explained by the coupling to two-particle two-hole (2p-2h) states.
description: Phys. Lett. B, in press
Analyzing Knowledge Graph Embedding Methods from a Multi-Embedding Interaction Perspective
Creators: name: Tran, Hung Nghiep
name: Takasu, Atsuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Knowledge graph is a popular format for representing knowledge, with many applications to semantic search engines, question-answering systems, and recommender systems. Real-world knowledge graphs are usually incomplete, so knowledge graph embedding methods, such as Canonical decomposition/Parallel factorization (CP), DistMult, and ComplEx, have been proposed to address this issue. These methods represent entities and relations as embedding vectors in semantic space and predict the links between them. The embedding vectors themselves contain rich semantic information and can be used in other applications such as data analysis. However, mechanisms in these models and the embedding vectors themselves vary greatly, making it difficult to understand and compare them. Given this lack of understanding, we risk using them ineffectively or incorrectly, particularly for complicated models, such as CP, with two role-based embedding vectors, or the state-of-the-art ComplEx model, with complex-valued embedding vectors. In this paper, we propose a multi-embedding interaction mechanism as a new approach to uniting and generalizing these models. We derive them theoretically via this mechanism and provide empirical analyses and comparisons between them. We also propose a new multi-embedding model based on quaternion algebra and show that it achieves promising results using popular benchmarks. Source code is available on GitHub at https://github.com/tranhungnghiep/AnalyzeKGE.
description: DSI4 at EDBT/ICDT 2019; add source code at https://github.com/tranhungnghiep/AnalyzeKGE
Simulating cyclotron-Bloch dynamics of a charged particle in a 2D lattice by means of cold atoms in driven quasi 1D optical lattices
Creators: name: Kolovsky, Andrey R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum dynamics of a charged particle in a 2D lattice subject to magnetic and electric fields is a rather complicated interplay between cyclotron oscillations (the case of vanishing electric field) and Bloch oscillations (zero magnetic field), details of which has not yet been completely understood. In the present work we suggest to study this problem by using cold atoms in optical lattices. We introduce a 1D model which can be easily realized in laboratory experiments with quasi 1D optical lattices and show that this model captures many features of the cyclotron-Bloch dynamics of the quantum particle in 2D square lattices.
description: Submitted to special issue "Recent Progress on Quantum Dynamics Ultracold Atoms" of "Frontiers of Physics"
Localization phenomena in models of ion-conducting glass formers
Creators: name: Horbach, Jürgen
name: Voigtmann, Thomas
name: Höfling, Felix
name: Franosch, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mass transport in soft-sphere mixtures of small and big particles as well as in the disordered Lorentz gas (LG) model is studied using molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations. The soft-sphere mixture shows anomalous small-particle diffusion signifying a localization transition separate from the big-particle glass transition. Switching off small-particle excluded volume constraints slows down the small-particle dynamics, as indicated by incoherent intermediate scattering functions. A comparison of logarithmic time derivatives of the mean-squared displacements reveals qualitative similarities between the localization transition in the soft-sphere mixture and its counterpart in the LG. Nevertheless, qualitative differences emphasize the need for further research elucidating the connection between both models.
description: to appear in Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics
Factorization and dilation problems for completely positive maps on von Neumann algebras
Creators: name: Haagerup, Uffe
name: Musat, Magdalena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 46L10, 81P45

description: We study factorization and dilation properties of Markov maps between von Neumann algebras equipped with normal faithful states, i.e., completely positive unital maps which preserve the given states and also intertwine their automorphism groups. The starting point for our investigation has been the question of existence of non-factorizable Markov maps, as formulated by C. Anantharaman-Delaroche. We provide simple examples of non-factorizable Markov maps on M_n(C) for all n\geq 3, as well as an example of a one-parameter semigroup (T(t))_{t\geq 0} of Markov maps on M_4(C) such that T(t) fails to be factorizable for all small values of t > 0. As applications, we solve in the negative an open problem in quantum information theory concerning an asymptotic version of the quantum Birkhoff conjecture, as well as we sharpen the existing lower bound estimate for the best constant in the noncommutative little Grothendieck inequality.
description: 36 pages
Uniform point variance bounds in classical beta ensembles
Creators: name: Najnudel, Joseph
name: Virág, Bálint
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60B20, 60F05, 60G55

description: In this paper, we give bounds on the variance of the number of points of the circular and the Gaussian $β$ ensemble in arcs of the unit circle or intervals of the real line. These bounds are logarithmic with respect to the renormalized length of these sets, which is expected to be optimal up to a multiplicative constant depending only on $β$.
Local-global principles for norm one tori over semi-global fields
Creators: name: Mishra, Sumit Chandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let K be a complete discretely valued field with residue field k and F be a function field of a curve over K. Let L/F be a Galois extension of degree n. If n is coprime to char(k), then under some assumptions on k(e.g. k is algebraically closed or a finite field) and on the geometry of the curve, we show that there is a local-global principle with respect to discrete valuations for the norms from the extension L/F.
Coherent open-loop optimal control of light-harvesting dynamics
Creators: name: Caruso, Filippo
name: Montangero, Simone
name: Calarco, Tommaso
name: Huelga, Susana F.
name: Plenio, Martin B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We apply theoretically open-loop quantum optimal control techniques to provide methods for the verification of various quantum coherent transport mechanisms in natural and artificial light-harvesting complexes under realistic experimental constraints. We demonstrate that optimally shaped laser pulses allow to faithfully prepare the photosystem in specified initial states (such as localized excitation or coherent superposition, i.e. propagating and non-propagating states) and to probe efficiently the dynamics. These results provide a path towards the discrimination of the different transport pathways and to the characterization of environmental properties, enhancing our understanding of the role that coherent processes may play in biological complexes.
description: 12 pages, 15 figures
Understanding the Stability of Medical Concept Embeddings
Creators: name: Lee, Grace E.
name: Sun, Aixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Frequency is one of the major factors for training quality word embeddings. Several work has recently discussed the stability of word embeddings in general domain and suggested factors influencing the stability. In this work, we conduct a detailed analysis on the stability of concept embeddings in medical domain, particularly the relation with concept frequency. The analysis reveals the surprising high stability of low-frequency concepts: low-frequency (<100) concepts have the same high stability as high-frequency (>1000) concepts. To develop a deeper understanding of this finding, we propose a new factor, the noisiness of context words, which influences the stability of medical concept embeddings, regardless of frequency. We evaluate the proposed factor by showing the linear correlation with the stability of medical concept embeddings. The correlations are clear and consistent with various groups of medical concepts. Based on the linear relations, we make suggestions on ways to adjust the noisiness of context words for the improvement of stability. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed factor extends to the word embedding stability in general domain.
description: v2
Investigation and development of ferrofluid enabled micro-electro-mechanical systems
Creators: name: Assadsangabi, Babak
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Ferrofluids are magnetic fluids that can be manipulated using magnetic field. Ferrofluids have unique properties that have led to various interesting applications. Although, currently they are being used in few commercial products in macro-scale domain, there has been limited success in their applications in micro- devices and microactuators in specific. Literature review shows various efforts to develop ferrofluid-based microactuators however, most of them have utilized non-integrated means (e.g. external magnets or solenoids) to provide the necessary magnetic field for ferrofluid manipulation that inherently limit their application as a micro-device. Moreover, previous ferrofluid-based microactuators with integrated solutions (e. g. microfabricated coils) could only provide unidirectional forces which limited their application range. In the present thesis, development of integrated ferrofluid-based microactuators is investigated. A new actuation method that uses planar spiral coils with bias fields is proposed to enable bidirectional ferrofluid manipulation. To demonstrate the potentials of the proposed actuation method, two proof-of-concept devices were developed. Active mirror cells with variable reflectivity were demonstrated as the first device and then a variable planar inductor with ferrofluid as a moving magnetic core was developed and characterized. Another interesting application of ferrofluids in passive levitation of permanent magnets is also investigated for moving magnet based microactuators. Using this levitation mechanism a structurally simple and reliable microbearing is demonstrated. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of such microbearing, a linear micromotor is first characterized and demonstrated. Also, frictional force and load carrying capacity of such microbearing is investigated showing very low frictional forces with good load bearing capabilities. Given the promising results in the developed linear micromotor, a rotary micromotor with small axial size is developed for minimally invasive endoscopy applications. The characterization of developed prototype shows its potential to be used for real time medical imaging.
A Study on Agreement in PICO Span Annotations
Creators: name: Lee, Grace E.
name: Sun, Aixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In evidence-based medicine, relevance of medical literature is determined by predefined relevance conditions. The conditions are defined based on PICO elements, namely, Patient, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome. Hence, PICO annotations in medical literature are essential for automatic relevant document filtering. However, defining boundaries of text spans for PICO elements is not straightforward. In this paper, we study the agreement of PICO annotations made by multiple human annotators, including both experts and non-experts. Agreements are estimated by a standard span agreement (i.e., matching both labels and boundaries of text spans), and two types of relaxed span agreement (i.e., matching labels without guaranteeing matching boundaries of spans). Based on the analysis, we report two observations: (i) Boundaries of PICO span annotations by individual human annotators are very diverse. (ii) Despite the disagreement in span boundaries, general areas of the span annotations are broadly agreed by annotators. Our results suggest that applying a standard agreement alone may undermine the agreement of PICO spans, and adopting both a standard and a relaxed agreements is more suitable for PICO span evaluation.
description: Accepted in SIGIR 2019 (Short paper)
On the extremal points of the ball of the Benamou-Brenier energy
Creators: name: Bredies, Kristian
name: Carioni, Marcello
name: Fanzon, Silvio
name: Romero, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52A05, 49N45, 49J45, 35F05

description: In this paper we characterize the extremal points of the unit ball of the Benamou--Brenier energy and of a coercive generalization of it, both subjected to the homogeneous continuity equation constraint. We prove that extremal points consist of pairs of measures concentrated on absolutely continuous curves which are characteristics of the continuity equation. Then, we apply this result to provide a representation formula for sparse solutions of dynamic inverse problems with finite dimensional data and optimal-transport based regularization.
Topological Vortices in Chiral Gauge Theory of Graphene
Creators: name: Liu, Xin
name: Zhang, Ruibin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generation mechanism of energy gaps between conductance and valence bands is at the centre of the study of graphene material. Recently Chamon, Jackiw, et al. proposed a mechanism of using a Kekulé distortion background field $% φ$ and its induced gauge potential $A_{i}$ to generate energy gaps. In this paper various vortex structures inhering in this model are studied. Regarding $φ$ as a generic background field rather than a fixed Nielson-Oleson type distribution, we have found two new types of vortices on the graphene surface --- the velocity field vortices and the monopole-motion induced vortices --- from the inner structure of the potential $A_{i}$. These vortex structures naturally arise from the motion of the Dirac fermions instead of from the background distortion field.
description: 12 pages
Uniform distribution of dislocations in Peierls-Nabarro models for semi-coherent interfaces
Creators: name: Fanzon, Silvio
name: Ponsiglione, Marcello
name: Scala, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 74N05, 74N15, 49J45

description: In this paper we introduce Peierls-Nabarro type models for edge dislocations at semi-coherent interfaces between two heterogeneous crystals, and prove the optimality of uniformly distributed edge dislocations. Specifically, we show that the elastic energy $Γ$-converges to a limit functional comprised of two contributions: one is given by a constant $c_\infty>0$ gauging the minimal energy induced by dislocations at the interface, and corresponding to a uniform distribution of edge dislocations; the other one accounts for the far field elastic energy induced by the presence of further, possibly not uniformly distributed, dislocations. After assuming periodic boundary conditions and formally considering the limit from semi-coherent to coherent interfaces, we show that $c_\infty$ is reached when dislocations are evenly-spaced on the one dimensional circle.
description: 27 Pages, 1 Figure
KP governs random growth off a one dimensional substrate
Creators: name: Quastel, Jeremy
name: Remenik, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The logarithmic derivative of the marginal distributions of randomly fluctuating interfaces in one dimension on a large scale evolve according to the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation. This is derived algebraically from a Fredholm determinant obtained in [MQR17, arXiv:1701.00018] for the KPZ fixed point as the limit of the transition probabilities of TASEP, a special solvable model in the KPZ universality class. The Tracy-Widom distributions appear as special self-similar solutions of KP and KdV. In addition, it is noted that several known exact solutions of the KPZ equation also solve KP.
description: Improved presentation, misprint corrected. 22 pages
$3$-Kenmotsu Manifolds
Creators: name: Attarchi, Hassan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, a $3$-Kenmotsu structure is defined on a $4n+1$ dimensional manifold where such structure seems to be never studied before.
Search for $WH$ associated production in 5.3 fb$^{-1}$ of $p\bar{p}$ collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron
Creators: name: D0 Collaboration
name: Abazov, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a search for associated production of Higgs and $W$ bosons in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at a center of mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV in 5.3 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded by the D0 experiment. Multivariate analysis techniques are applied to events containing one lepton, an imbalance in transverse energy, and one or two $b$-tagged jets to discriminate a potential $WH$ signal from standard model backgrounds. We observe good agreement between data and background, and set an upper limit of 4.5(at 95% confidence level and for $m_H=115$ GeV) on the ratio of the $WH$ cross section multiplied by the branching fraction of $H \rightarrow b \bar{b}$ to its standard model prediction. A limit of 4.8 is expected from simulation.
description: submitted to Physics Letter B
Group graded endomorphism algebras and Morita equivalences
Creators: name: Marcus, Andrei
name: Minuta, Virgilius-Aurelian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20C20 (Primary), 20C05, 16W50, 16S35 (Secondary)

description: We prove a group graded Morita equivalences version of the "butterfly theorem" on character triples. This gives a method to construct an equivalence between block extensions from another related equivalence.
Moran models and Wright--Fisher diffusions with selection and mutation in a one-sided random environment
Creators: name: Cordero, Fernando
name: Véchambre, Grégoire
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 82C22, 92D15 Secondary: 60J25, 60J27

description: Consider a two-type Moran population of size $N$ with selection and mutation, where the selective advantage of the fit individuals is amplified at extreme environmental conditions. Assume selection and mutation are weak with respect to $N$, and extreme environmental conditions rarely occur. We show that, as $N\to\infty$, the type frequency process with time speed up by $N$ converges to the solution of a Wright-Fisher-type SDE with a jump term modeling the effect of the environment. We use an extension of the \emph{ancestral selection graph} (ASG) to describe the model's genealogical picture. Next, we show that the type frequency process and the line-counting process of a pruned version of the ASG satisfy a moment duality. This relation yields a characterization of the asymptotic type distribution. We characterize the ancestral type distribution using an alternative pruning of the ASG. Most of our results are stated in annealed and quenched form.
description: In relation to v2, we have 1) added 5 pictures, 2) added Prop. 2.8 comparing fixation probabilities in a model with only genic selection and another with only environmental selection 3) added a table of notations at the end of the paper, and 4) improved the presentation
Disk Formation Enabled by Enhanced Resistivity
Creators: name: Krasnopolsky, Ruben
name: Li, Zhi-Yun
name: Shang, Hsien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Disk formation in magnetized cloud cores is hindered by magnetic braking. Previous work has shown that for realistic levels of core magnetization, the magnetic field suppresses the formation of rotationally supported disks during the protostellar mass accretion phase of low-mass star formation both in the ideal MHD limit and in the presence of ambipolar diffusion for typical rates of cosmic ray ionization. Additional effects, such as ohmic dissipation, the Hall effect, and protostellar outflow, are needed to weaken the magnetic braking and enable the formation of persistent, rotationally supported, protostellar disks. In this paper, we first demonstrate that the classic microscopic resistivity is not large enough to enable disk formation by itself. We then experiment with a set of enhanced values for the resistivity in the range $η=10^{17}$--$10^{22}$ cm^2/s. We find that a value of order $10^{19}$ cm^2/s is needed to enable the formation of a 100 AU-scale Keplerian disk; the value depends somewhat on the degree of core magnetization. The required resistivity is a few orders of magnitude larger than the classic microscopic values. Whether it can be achieved naturally during protostellar collapse remains to be determined.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures
Algebraic Properties of a Disordered Asymmetric Glauber Model
Creators: name: Ayyer, Arvind
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60J27, 15B34, 05A05

description: We consider a variant of Glauber dynamics of Ising spins on a one-dimensional lattice, where each spin flips according to the relative state of the spin to its left. Moreover, each bond allows for two rates; flips which equalize nearest neighbor spins, and flips which "unequalize" them. In addition, the leftmost spin flips depending on the spin at that site. We explicitly calculate all eigenvalues of the transition matrix for all system sizes and conjecture a formula for the normalization factor of the model. We then analyze two limits of this model, which are analogous to ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic behavior in the Ising model for which we are able to prove an analogous formula for the normalization factor.
description: 16 pages
Review of the current knowledge of the pathophysiology of acute traumatic coagulopathy : implication for current trauma resuscitation practices
Creators: name: Al-Maawali, Alghalya
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: Background: Deaths from exsanguination following trauma remain a clinical challenge. Current massive transfusion protocols embrace empiric resuscitation with packed red blood cells, plasma and platelets in a set ratio. With the evolving knowledge about acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC) as a major contributor to exsanguination related deaths, it is apparent that current resuscitation protocols may fail to address the early coagulation deficits in trauma. Objective: To provide a review of the current literature related to the pathophysiology of ATC in order to guide clinicians in optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in massively bleeding trauma patients. Methods: Online search from the Medline database of all published articles since 2003 till March 2014. Results: Initial search resulted in 20,504 articles of which 54 were included. Principle findings include: (1) Activated protein C is strongly linked to ATC pathophysiology and related to shock and tissue injury. (2) FV is commonly depleted, but thrombin generation is preserved, potentially minimizing the role of FV in ATC. (3) Hypofibrinogenaemia occurs very early in trauma and is strongly associated with higher mortality. A lower threshold for administration of fibrinogen-containing products should therefore be considered. (4) Hyperfibrinolysis incidence is low but is associated with increased transfusion requirements and higher mortality. Fibrinolytic activation is evident in almost half of trauma patients and is associated with higher injury severity score and higher mortality compared to patients with no fibrinolytic activation. (5) Platelet dysfunction plays a more important role in ATC pathophysiology compared to platelet counts. (6) Endothelial damage and sympathoadrenal activation are associated with glycocalyx degradation, higher adrenaline levels and autoheparinization, all contributing to the bleeding diathesis in trauma. Conclusion: ATC is a complex endogenous state of hypo-coaguloability in shocked and severely injured trauma patients and is associated with increased transfusion requirements and higher mortality. Early fibrinogen depletion and fibrinolysis appears to play a central role in ATC and modification of current empiric resuscitation protocols in order to address these hemostatic deficits is needed. New knowledge of ATC is rapidly expanding, requiring regular reviews and knowledge dissemination to inform clinicians and guide appropriate management of ATC.
Asset pricing and portfolio optimization under regime switching models
Creators: name: Shen, Yang
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Recently, there has been a considerable interest in applications of regime-switching models in various aspects of finance and insurance. One of the main features of these models is that some model parameters are modulated by a finite-state Markov chain. This makes regime-switching models very useful to describe structural changes in macro-economic conditions, periodical fluctuations in business cycles and sudden transitions in market modes.
 In this thesis, a continuous-time, finite-state, observable Markov chain is adopted to model the regime switches. Our regime-switching models are a set of diffusion models, jump-diffusion models or Levy models coupled by the underlying Markov chain. Under this modeling set up, the financial market is incomplete. So asset pricing and portfolio optimization problems are more involved.
 Roughly speaking, this thesis can be divided into two parts. The first part is devoted to asset pricing problems under regime-switching models. Due to the market incompleteness, the equivalent martingale measure is not unique. Therefore, we either choose a particular equivalent martingale measure using the Esscher transform or start directly from a risk-neutral measure. We present analytical pricing formulae for European options and variance swaps in Chapters 2 and 3, respectively. Numerical and empirical implementations of these formulae show that the regime-switching effect is material for asset pricing problems.
 In the second part of this thesis, we apply the stochastic optimal control theory to discuss portfolio optimization problems under regime-switching models. In Chapter 4, we use the dynamic programming principle approach to solve a mean-variance portfolio selection problem with uncertain investment horizon. Explicit expressions of the efficient portfolio and the efficient frontier are obtained. In Chapter 5, the stochastic optimal control theory for portfolio optimization problems is borrowed to investigate an fundamental issue in asset pricing problems, i.e. the selection of equivalent martingale measures. We derive and compare equivalent martingale measures selected by three different approaches, that is, the stochastic differential game approach, the Esscher transformation approach and the general equilibrium approach.
Anomalous decoherence and absence of thermalization in a photonic many-body system
Creators: name: Larson, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intention of this work is twofold, first to present a most simple system capable of simulating the intrinsic bosonic Josephson effect with photons, and second to study various outcomes deriving from inherent or external decoherence. A qubit induces an effective coupling between two externally pumped cavity modes. Without cavity losses and in the dispersive regime, intrinsic Josephson oscillations of photons between the two modes occurs. In this case, contrary to regular Markovian decoherence, the qubit purity shows a Gaussian decay and recurrence of its coherence. Due to intrinsic non-linearities, both the Josephson oscillations as well as the qubit properties display a rich collapse-revival structure, where, however, the complexity of the qubit evolution is in some sense stronger. The qubit as a meter of the photon dynamics is considered, and it is shown that qubit dephasing, originating for example from non-demolition measurements, results in an exponential destruction of the oscillations which manifests the collectiveness of the Josephson effect. Non-selective qubit measurements, on the other hand, render a Zeno effect seen in a slowing down of the Josephson oscillations. Contrary to dephasing, cavity dissipation results in a Gaussian decay of the scaled Josephson oscillations. Finally, following Ponomarev et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 010405 (2011)] we analyze aspects of thermalization. In particular, despite similarities with the generic model studied by Ponomarev {\it et al.}, our system does not seem to thermalize.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
Magnetism and thermodynamics of spin-(1/2,1) decorated Heisenberg chain with spin-1 pendants
Creators: name: Gong, Shou-Shu
name: Li, Wei
name: Zhao, Yang
name: Su, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic and thermodynamic properties of a new ferrimagnetic decorated spin-(1/2,1) Heisenberg chain with spin-1 pendant spins are investigated for three cases: (A) J1,J2>0; (B) J1>0, J2<0; and (C) J1<0, J2>0, where J1 and J2 are the exchange couplings between spins in the chain and along the rung, respectively. The low-lying and magnetic properties are explored jointly by the real-space renormalization group, spin wave, and density-matrix renormalization group methods, while the transfer-matrix renormalization group method is invoked to study the thermodynamics. It is found that the magnon spectra consist of a gapless and two gapped branches. Two branches in case (C) have intersections. The coupling dependence of low-energy gaps are analyzed. In a magnetic field, an m=3/2 (m is the magnetization per unit cell) plateau is observed for case (A), while two plateaux at m=1/2 and 3/2 are observed for cases (B) and (C). Between the two plateaux in cases (B) and (C), the sublattice magnetizations for the spins coupled by ferromagnetic interactions have novel decreasing regions with increasing the magnetic field. At finite temperature, the zero-field susceptibility temperature product chi*T and specific heat exhibit distinct exotic features with varying the couplings and temperature for different cases. chi*T is found to converge as T approaches zero, which is different from the divergent behavior in the spin-(1/2,1) mixed-spin chain without pendants. The observed thermodynamic behaviors are also discussed with the help of their low-lying excitations.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. B