cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Collective potential for large N hamiltonian matrix models and free Fisher information
Creators: name: Agarwal, A.
name: Akant, L.
name: Krishnaswami, G. S.
name: Rajeev, S. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate the planar `large N limit' of matrix models with a continuously infinite number of matrices directly in terms of U(N) invariant variables. Non-commutative probability theory, is found to be a good language to describe this formulation. The change of variables from matrix elements to invariants induces an extra term in the hamiltonian,which is crucual in determining the ground state. We find that this collective potential has a natural meaning in terms of non-commutative probability theory:it is the `free Fisher information' discovered by Voiculescu. This formulation allows us to find a variational principle for the classical theory described by such large N limits. We then use the variational principle to study models more complex than the one describing the quantum mechanics of a single hermitian matrix (i.e., go beyond the so called D=1 barrier). We carry out approximate variational calculations for a few models and find excellent agreement with known results where such comparisons are possible. We also discover a lower bound for the ground state by using the non-commutative analogue of the Cramer-Rao inequality.
description: 25 pages, latex
Gravitational decoupling in $2+1$ dimensional space--times with cosmological term
Creators: name: Contreras, Ernesto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we implement the Minimal Geometric Deformation method to obtain the isotropic sector and the decoupler matter content of any anisotropic solution of the Einstein field equations with cosmological constant in $2+1$ dimensional space--times. We obtain that the solutions of both sectors can be expressed analytically in terms of the metric functions of the original anisotropic solutions instead of formal integral as in its $3+1$ counterpart. As a particular example we study a regular black hole solution and we show that, depending on the sign of the cosmological constant, the solutions correspond to regular black holes violating the null energy condition or to a non--regular black hole without exotic hair. The exotic/non--exotic and the regular/non--regular black hole dualities are discussed.
Singularities in wavy strings
Creators: name: Ross, Simon F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extremal six-dimensional black string solutions with some non-trivial momentum distribution along the wave are considered. These solutions were recently shown to contain a singularity at the would-be position of the event horizon. In the black string geometry, all curvature invariants are finite at the horizon. It is shown that if the effects of infalling matter are included, there are curvature invariants which diverge there. This implies that quantum corrections will be important at the would-be horizon. The effect of this singularity on test strings is also considered, and it is shown that it leads to a divergent excitation of the string. The quantum corrections will therefore be important for test objects.
description: 14 pages, no figures
Furniture Reuse Enterprise
Creators: name: Chaudhary, Abhinav
name: Chandran, Magesh
name: Bhattad, Mahesh
name: Kaushal, Girish
name: Paul, Arun
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Defining the scope of AI regulations
Creators: name: Schuett, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The paper argues that the material scope of AI regulations should not rely on the term "artificial intelligence (AI)". The argument is developed by proposing a number of requirements for legal definitions, surveying existing AI definitions, and then discussing the extent to which they meet the proposed requirements. It is shown that existing definitions of AI do not meet the most important requirements for legal definitions. Next, the paper argues that a risk-based approach would be preferable. Rather than using the term AI, policy makers should focus on the specific risks they want to reduce. It is shown that the requirements for legal definitions can be better met by defining the main sources of relevant risks: certain technical approaches (e.g. reinforcement learning), applications (e.g. facial recognition), and capabilities (e.g. the ability to physically interact with the environment). Finally, the paper discusses the extent to which this approach can also be applied to more advanced AI systems.
description: Forthcoming in Law, Innovation and Technology, Volume 15, Issue 1. A previous version of this paper was titled "A legal definition of AI". The current version has been completely revised
Extracting and Stabilizing the Unstable State of Hysteresis Loop
Creators: name: Yaowen, Liu
name: Huican, Ping
name: Hong, Zhao
name: Yinghai, Wang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel perturbation method for the stabilization of unstable intermediate states of hysteresis loop (i.e. S-shaped curve) is proposed. This method only needs output signals of the system to construct the perturbation form without delay-coordinate embedding technique, it is more practical for real-world systems. Stabilizing and tracking the unstable intermediate branch are demonstrated through the examples of a bistable laser system and delay feedback system. All the numerical results are obtained by simulating each of the real experimential conditions.
description: 6 pages, REVTEX, 4 ps figures
Double-Degenerate Carbon-Oxygen and Oxygen-Neon White Dwarf Mergers: A New Mechanism for Faint and Rapid Type Ia Supernovae
Creators: name: Kashyap, Rahul
name: Haque, Tazkera
name: Lorén-Aguilar, Pablo
name: García-Berro, Enrique
name: Fisher, Robert T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) originate from the thermonuclear explosion of carbon-oxygen white dwarfs (CO WDs), giving rise to luminous optical transients. A relatively common variety of subluminous SNe Ia events, referred to as SNe Iax, are believed to arise from the failed detonation of a CO WD. In this paper, we explore failed detonation SNe Ia in the context of the double-degenerate channel of merging white dwarfs. In particular, we have carried out the first fully three-dimensional simulation of the merger of a ONe WD with a CO WD. While the hot, tidally-disrupted carbon-rich disk material originating from the CO WD secondary is readily susceptible to detonation in such a merger, the ONe WD primary core is not. This merger yields a failed detonation, resulting in the ejection of a small amount of mass, and leaving behind a kicked, super-Chandrasekhar ONe WD remnant enriched by the fallback of the products of nuclear burning. The resulting outburst is a rapidly-fading optical transient with a small amount of radioactive $^{56}$Ni powering the light curve. Consequently, the ONe-CO WD merger naturally produces a very faint and rapidly-fading transient, fainter even than the faintest Type Iax events observed to date, such as SN $2008$ha and SN 2010ae. More massive ONe primaries than considered here may produce brighter and longer-duration transients.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, accepted to The Astrophysical Journal. Dedicated to the memory of our late colleague Enrique Garc\'ia-Berro
Exotic structures and adjunction inequality
Creators: name: Akbulut, Selman
name: Matveyev, Rostislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M50; 32E10

description: We reprove and strengthen some old difficult theorems of 4-manifolds by the aid of recently discovered modern tools, which involve contact structures on 3-manifolds, compact Stein domains, etc.
description: LaTeX2e, 8 pages, 9 figures. Slightly modified version of the article appeared in Turkish J. of Math
M-Channel Critically Sampled Spectral Graph Filter Banks With Symmetric Structure
Creators: name: Sakiyama, Akie
name: Watanabe, Kana
name: Tanaka, Yuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper proposes a class of $M$-channel spectral graph filter banks with a symmetric structure, that is, the transform has sampling operations and spectral graph filters on both the analysis and synthesis sides. The filter banks achieve maximum decimation, perfect recovery, and orthogonality. Conventional spectral graph transforms with decimation have significant limitations with regard to the number of channels, the structures of the underlying graph, and their filter design. The proposed transform uses sampling in the graph frequency domain. This enables us to use any variation operators and apply the transforms to arbitrary graphs even when the filter banks have symmetric structures. We clarify the perfect reconstruction conditions and show design examples. An experiment on graph signal denoising conducted to examine the performance of the proposed filter bank is described.
Metrics Admitting Killing Spinors In Five Dimensions
Creators: name: Chamseddine, A. H.
name: Sabra, W. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: BPS black hole configurations which break half of supersymmetry in the theory of N=2, d=5 supergravity coupled to an arbitrary number of abelian vector multiplets are discussed. A general class of solutions comprising all known BPS rotating black hole solutions is obtained.
description: 15 pages, Latex
Effective Lagrangians for Scalar Fields and Finite Size Effects in Field Theory
Creators: name: Caicedo, M. I.
name: Svaiter, N. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the approach of effective field theory on a d-dimensional Euclidean space in a scalar theory with two different mass scales in the presence of flat surfaces. Then considering Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions, we implement the renormalization program in the lambda phi^{4} theory in a region bounded by two parallel hyperplanes in the one-loop approximation.
Quantum-enhanced screened dark energy detection
Creators: name: Hartley, Daniel
name: Käding, Christian
name: Howl, Richard
name: Fuentes, Ivette
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an experiment based on a Bose-Einstein condensate interferometer for strongly constraining fifth-force models. Additional scalar fields from modified gravity or higher dimensional theories may account for dark energy and the accelerating expansion of the Universe. These theories have led to proposed screening mechanisms to fit within the tight experimental bounds on fifth-force searches. We show that our proposed experiment would greatly improve the existing constraints on these screening models by many orders of magnitude.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures, as published in EPJC
title: Макроэкономика
title: Практикум
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Дятлова Е.А.
name:  Шляхтова Л.М.
Publisher: name: Ай Пи Эр Медиа
Year: 2019

description: Практикум включает в себя развернутые вопросы по каждой учебной теме дисциплины «Макроэкономика». Рекомендуемая экономическая литература, тематика докладов и рефератов позволит студентам расширить кругозор экономических знаний и повысить степень подготовленности к семинарским занятиям. Задачи, практические задания, дискуссионные вопросы, проблемы и ситуации, содержащиеся в каждой теме, дадут возможность сформировать у студентов практические умения и навыки, необходимые в профессиональной деятельности. Практикум разработан в соответствии с требованиями Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования и предназначен для студентов, обучающихся по направлению подготовки 38.03.01 «Экономика».
Entanglement of Hard-Core Bosons in Bipartite Lattices
Creators: name: Zhang, Xue-Feng
name: Dillenschneider, Raoul
name: Eggert, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The entanglement of hard-core bosons in square and honeycomb lattices with nearest-neighbor interactions is estimated by means of quantum Monte Carlo simulations and spin-wave analysis. The particular U(1)-invariant form of the concurrence is used to establish a connection with observables such as density and superfluid density. For specific regimes the concurrence is expressed as a combination of boson density and superfluid density.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. For more information see https://www.physik.uni-kl.de/eggert/papers/index.html
Quantum Inhomogeneities in String Cosmology
Creators: name: Buonanno, A.
name: Meissner, K.
name: Ungarelli, C.
name: Veneziano, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within two specific string cosmology scenarios --differing in the way the pre- and post-big bang phases are joined-- we compute the size and spectral slope of various types of cosmologically amplified quantum fluctuations that arise in generic compactifications of heterotic string theory. By further imposing that these perturbations become the dominant source of energy at the onset of the radiation era, we obtain physical bounds on the background's moduli, and discuss the conditions under which both a (quasi-) scale-invariant spectrum of axionic perturbations and sufficiently large seeds for the galactic magnetic fields are generated. We also point out a potential problem with achieving the exit to the radiation era when the string coupling is near its present value.
description: 30 pages, RevteX, epsfig, 5 figures
Random Roughness of Boundary Increases Turbulent Convection Scaling Exponent
Creators: name: Ciliberto, S.
name: Laroche, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of the boundary layer properties on the heat transport in turbulent thermal convection is experimentally investigated in a cell with a rough bottom plate.It is shown that the standard 2/7 exponent of the convective heat flow dependence on the Rayleigh number, usually observed in cell with smooth boundaries, increases if the roughness has power law distributed asperity heights and the thermal boundary layer thickness is smaller than the maximum asperity size. In contrast a periodic roughness does not influence the heat transportlaw exponent.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. Lett
Additional file 2: of RNA sequencing of mesenchymal stem cells reveals a blocking of differentiation and immunomodulatory activities under inflammatory conditions in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Creators: name: Lamas, Jose
name: Fernandez-Gutierrez, Benjamin
name: Mucientes, Arkaitz
name: Marco, Fernando
name: Yaiza Lopiz
name: Jover, Juan
name: Abasolo, Lydia
name: RodrĂ­Guez-RodrĂ­Guez, Luis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Table S2. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the rheumatoid arthritis patients included in this study. (DOCX 13 kb)
Past and recent contributions to indefinite sublinear elliptic problems
Creators: name: Kaufmann, Uriel
name: Quoirin, Humberto Ramos
name: Umezu, Kenichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We review the indefinite sublinear elliptic equation $-Δu=a(x)u^{q}$ in a smooth bounded domain $Ω\subset\mathbb{R}^{N}$, with Dirichlet or Neumann homogeneous boundary conditions. Here $0
description: 24 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 4: of Genomic profiling in ovarian cancer retreated with platinum based chemotherapy presented homologous recombination deficiency and copy number imbalances of CCNE1 and RB1 genes
Creators: name: Costa, Alexandre
name: Canto, Luisa
name: Larsen, Simon
name: Ribeiro, Adriana
name: Stecca, Carlos
name: Petersen, Annabeth
name: Aagaard, Mads
name: Brot, Louise
name: Baumbach, Jan
name: Baiocchi, Glauco
name: Achatz, Maria
name: Rogatto, Silvia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants categorized according to ACMG (American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics). (DOCX 14 kb)
Behaviour of Singularities of the Kerr-Newman and the Kerr-Sen Solutions by Arbitrary Boost
Creators: name: Burinskii, Alexander
name: Magli, Giulio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Behaviour of singularities of the rotating black holes under an arbitrary boost is considered on the basis of a complex representation of the Kerr theorem. We give a simple algorithm allowing to get explicit expressions for the metric and the position of the singularities for arbitrary direction and magnitude of the boost, including the ultrarelativistic case. The non-smoothness of the ultrarelativistic limit is discussed. The Kerr-Sen BH-solution to low energy string theory is also analyzed.
description: 18 pages, AMS-tex, report at the International Workshop on "Internal Structure of Black Holes and Singularities", (Israel, Haifa, June-July 1997, submitted to the Proceedings) e-mail:grg@ibrae.ac.ru, magli@mate.polimi.it
Neural Fuzzy Extractors: A Secure Way to Use Artificial Neural Networks for Biometric User Authentication
Creators: name: Jana, Abhishek
name: Paudel, Bipin
name: Sarker, Md Kamruzzaman
name: Ebrahimi, Monireh
name: Hitzler, Pascal
name: Amariucai, George T
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Powered by new advances in sensor development and artificial intelligence, the decreasing cost of computation, and the pervasiveness of handheld computation devices, biometric user authentication (and identification) is rapidly becoming ubiquitous. Modern approaches to biometric authentication, based on sophisticated machine learning techniques, cannot avoid storing either trained-classifier details or explicit user biometric data, thus exposing users' credentials to falsification. In this paper, we introduce a secure way to handle user-specific information involved with the use of vector-space classifiers or artificial neural networks for biometric authentication. Our proposed architecture, called a Neural Fuzzy Extractor (NFE), allows the coupling of pre-existing classifiers with fuzzy extractors, through a artificial-neural-network-based buffer called an expander, with minimal or no performance degradation. The NFE thus offers all the performance advantages of modern deep-learning-based classifiers, and all the security of standard fuzzy extractors. We demonstrate the NFE retrofit to a classic artificial neural network for a simple scenario of fingerprint-based user authentication.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
On the gaps of the spectrum of volumes of trades
Creators: name: Krotov, Denis S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 05B05, 05B30

description: A pair $\{T_0,T_1\}$ of disjoint collections of $k$-subsets (blocks) of a set $V$ of cardinality $v$ is called a $t$-$(v,k)$ trade or simply a $t$-trade if every $t$-subset of $V$ is included in the same number of blocks of $T_0$ and $T_1$. The cardinality of $T_0$ is called the volume of the trade. Using the weight distribution of the Reed--Muller code, we prove the conjecture that for every $i$ from $2$ to $t$, there are no $t$-trades of volume greater than $2^{t+1}-2^i$ and less than $2^{t+1}-2^{i-1}$ and derive restrictions on the $t$-trade volumes that are less than $2^{t+1}+2^{t-1}$.
Three Essays in Law and Finance
Creators: Mitts, Joshua
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Finance
Business
Finance--Law and legislation
Power of attorney
Stocks--Prices

description: This dissertation examines three topics in law and finance. In Chapter 1, I show that consumers are more likely to keep a repayment promise they make themselves. When a scheduling conflict prevents a borrower from attending a mortgage closing, a Power of Attorney (POA) empowers a third party to sign the documents promising that the borrower will repay the loan. POAs arise after loan terms are locked in, making POA and non-POA loans virtually indistinguishable. Comparing within-borrower and within-property, I link POAs to greater delinquency and foreclosure. Loan performance data show that POAs are uncorrelated with cash flow shocks but reflect reduced promise-keeping conditional on financial distress. Consistent with prior work on salience and personal responsibility, promise-keeping is higher for loans serviced by the originating lender. Financial intermediation may play an important role in consumer lending.

      In Chapter 2, using a unique episode in which the SEC distributed securities disclosures to some investors before the public, we study the impounding of private information into stock prices.  Because the delay between the private and public release of the information was random, our setting offers a rare natural experiment for studying how markets process private information.  As theory predicts, speculators seem to smooth out the price impact of their trading, and more information is impounded into prices during the expected rather than the actual delay before the information becomes public.  Finally, we document investor overreaction when already-stale filings are publicly released.
      Finally, in Chapter 3, we use quantitative data to show a systematic relationship between the appointment of a hedge fund nominated director to a certain corporation and an increase in informed trading in that corporation’s stock (with the relationship being most pronounced when the fund’s slate of directors includes a hedge fund employee). From a governance perspective, activist hedge funds represent a new and potent force in corporate governance. This is the first attempt to investigate whether the activist hedge fund also imposes new agency costs through widened bid/ask spreads and informed trading. We assembled a data set of 475 settlement agreements, between target companies and activist funds relating to the appointment of fund nominated directors, from 2000 and 2015, in order to focus on what happens once such a fund-nominated director goes on the board.
An efficient computational framework for naval shape design and optimization problems by means of data-driven reduced order modeling techniques
Creators: name: Demo, Nicola
name: Ortali, Giulio
name: Gustin, Gianluca
name: Rozza, Gianluigi
name: Lavini, Gianpiero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This contribution describes the implementation of a data--driven shape optimization pipeline in a naval architecture application. We adopt reduced order models (ROMs) in order to improve the efficiency of the overall optimization, keeping a modular and equation-free nature to target the industrial demand. We applied the above mentioned pipeline to a realistic cruise ship in order to reduce the total drag. We begin by defining the design space, generated by deforming an initial shape in a parametric way using free form deformation (FFD). The evaluation of the performance of each new hull is determined by simulating the flux via finite volume discretization of a two-phase (water and air) fluid. Since the fluid dynamics model can result very expensive -- especially dealing with complex industrial geometries -- we propose also a dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) enhancement to reduce the computational cost of a single numerical simulation. The real--time computation is finally achieved by means of proper orthogonal decomposition with Gaussian process regression (POD-GPR) technique. Thanks to the quick approximation, a genetic optimization algorithm becomes feasible to converge towards the optimal shape.
Gauge equivalent universes in 5d Kaluza-Klein theory
Creators: name: Jun, Gyeong Yun
name: Kwon, Pyung Seong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine in the framework of 5d Kaluza-Klein theory the gauge equivalence of $x^5$-dependent cosmological solutions each of which describes in the 4d sector an arbitrarily evolving isotropic, homogeneous universe with some pure gauge. We find that (1)within a certain time scale $τ_c$ (which is characterized by the compactification radius $R_c$) any arbitrarily evolving 4d universe is allowed to exist by field equations, and these 4d universes with appropriate pure gauges are all gauge equivalent as long as they are of the same topology. (2)Outside $τ_c$ the gauge equivalence disappears and the evolution of the universe is fixed by field equations.
description: 10 pages, corrected some typos
Covariant quantization of membrane dynamics
Creators: name: Smolin, Lee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Lorentz covariant quantization of membrane dynamics is defined, which also leaves unbroken the full three dimensional diffeomorphism invariance of the membrane. Among the applications studied are the reduction to string theory, which may be understood in terms of the phase space and constraints, and the interpretation of physical,zero-energy states. A matrix regularization is defined as in the light cone gauged fixed theory but there are difficulties implementing all the gauge symmetries. The problem involves the non-area-preserving diffeomorphisms which are realized non-linearly in the classical theory. In the quantum theory they do not seem to have a consistent implementation for finite N. Finally, an approach to a genuinely background independent formulation of matrix dynamics is briefly described.
description: Latex, 21 pages, no figures
Distribution of Husimi Zeroes in Polygonal Billiards
Creators: name: Biswas, Debabrata
name: Sinha, Sudeshna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The zeroes of the Husimi function provide a minimal description of individual quantum eigenstates and their distribution is of considerable interest. We provide here a numerical study for pseudo- integrable billiards which suggests that the zeroes tend to diffuse over phase space in a manner reminiscent of chaotic systems but nevertheless contain a subtle signature of pseudo-integrability. We also find that the zeroes depend sensitively on the position and momentum uncertainties with the classical correspondence best when the position and momentum uncertainties are equal. Finally, short range correlations seem to be well described by the Ginibre ensemble of complex matrices.
description: includes 13 ps figures; Phys. Rev. E (in press)
Asymptotic class numbers of lattices
Creators: name: Rosnau, Timo
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Gittertheorie
subject: Reduktionstheorie
subject: Klassenzahlen
subject: Quadratische Formen
subject: Minkowski
subject: Quadratic forms
subject: Asymptotik
subject: Bravais Klassen
subject: 510
subject: Gittertheorie
subject: Klassenzahl

description: We study the frequency of two- and three-dimensional integral lattices with a given automorphism group G. We estimate the number of isomorphism classes H(D) of lattices with determinant at most D. A general approach is given by counting the possible reduced Gram matrices of lattices. If the underlying reduction theory admits only one reduced lattice per isomorphism class, this gives us H(D). We use the fact that D implies bounds on the entries of the Gram matrix. We have to evaluate multiple sums with linear constraints on the coefficients of the Gram matrices. In certain cases the asymptotic behaviour of H(D) can be derived directly. An additional method exploits a theorem of Delange on Dirichlet series. We first calculate a corresponding Dirichlet series F(s) with coefficients given by the class number of a fixed determinant, and then use the analytic properties of F(s) (position of poles and their orders). As a general result, we have: For D tending towards infinity, the function H(D) grows like some multiple of a power of D. The more symmetries a lattice has (that is, the higher the order of its automorphism groups is) the smaller is the rate of growth given by the exponent.
Thermodynamic uncertainty relation in slowly driven quantum heat engines
Creators: name: Miller, Harry J. D.
name: Mohammady, M. Hamed
name: Perarnau-Llobet, Martí
name: Guarnieri, Giacomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations express a trade-off between precision, defined as the noise-to-signal ratio of a generic current, and the amount of associated entropy production. These results have deep consequences for autonomous heat engines operating at steady-state, imposing an upper bound for their efficiency in terms of the power yield and its fluctuations. In the present manuscript we analyse a different class of heat engines, namely those which are operating in the periodic slow-driving regime. We show that an alternative TUR is satisfied, which is less restrictive than that of steady-state engines: it allows for engines that produce finite power, with small power fluctuations, to operate close to the Carnot efficiency. The bound further incorporates the effect of quantum fluctuations, which reduces engine efficiency relative to the average power and reliability. We finally illustrate our findings in the experimentally relevant model of a single-ion heat engine.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures. Updated to published version with additional mathematical background in the supplementary material. Some additional results from a previous draft have now been incorporated into another article, see arXiv:2011.11589
Additional file 1: of RNA sequencing of mesenchymal stem cells reveals a blocking of differentiation and immunomodulatory activities under inflammatory conditions in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Creators: name: Lamas, Jose
name: Fernandez-Gutierrez, Benjamin
name: Mucientes, Arkaitz
name: Marco, Fernando
name: Yaiza Lopiz
name: Jover, Juan
name: Abasolo, Lydia
name: RodrĂ­Guez-RodrĂ­Guez, Luis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology

description: Table S1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell donors included in this study. (DOCX 12 kb)
University Neighbourhood Association Open House Assessment
Creators: name: Colter, Rebecca
name: Chen, Ivy
name: Sinkewicz, Nicholas
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Riemann-Einstein Structure from Volume and Gauge Symmetry
Creators: name: Wilczek, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown how a metric structure can be induced in a simple way starting with a gauge structure and a preferred volume, by spontaneous symmetry breaking. A polynomial action, including coupling to matter, is constructed for the symmetric phase. It is argued that assuming a preferred volume, in the context of a metric theory, induces only a limited modification of the theory.
description: LaTeX, 13 pages; Added additional reference in Reference 7
Flavor symmetries and the topology of special Kähler structures at rank 1
Creators: name: Argyres, Philip C.
name: Lotito, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method for determining the flavor charge lattice of the continuous flavor symmetry of rank-1 4d N = 2 superconformal field theories (SCFTs) and IR free gauge theories from topological invariants of the special Kähler structure of the mass-deformed Coulomb branches (CBs) of the theories. The method is based on the middle homology of the total space of the elliptic fibration over the CB, and is a generalization of the F-theory string web description of flavor charge lattices. The resulting lattices, which we call 'string web lattices', contain not only information about the flavor symmetry of the SCFT but also additional information encoded in the lattice metric derived from the middle homology intersection form. This additional information clearly reflects the low energy electric and magnetic charges of BPS states on the CB, but there are other properties of the string web lattice metric which we have not been able to understand in terms of properties of the BPS spectrum. We compute the string web lattices of all rank-1 SCFTs and IR free gauge theories. We find agreement with results obtained by other methods, and find in a few cases that the string web lattice gives additional information on the flavor symmetry.
description: 82 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables and 3 appendices
Vacua of Maximal Gauged D=3 Supergravities
Creators: name: Fischbacher, T.
name: Nicolai, H.
name: Samtleben, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the scalar potentials of maximal gauged three-dimensional supergravities which reveal a surprisingly rich structure. In contrast to maximal supergravities in dimensions D>3, all these theories admit a maximally supersymmetric (N=16) ground state with negative cosmological constant Lambda<0, except for the gauge group SO(4,4)^2, for which Lambda=0. We compute the mass spectra of bosonic and fermionic fluctuations around these vacua and identify the unitary irreducible representations of the relevant background (super)isometry groups to which they belong. In addition, we find several stationary points which are not maximally supersymmetric, and determine their complete mass spectra as well. In particular, we show that there are analogs of all stationary points found in higher dimensions, among them de Sitter vacua in the theories with noncompact gauge groups SO(5,3)^2 and SO(4,4)^2, as well as anti-de Sitter vacua in the compact gauged theory preserving 1/4 and 1/8 of the supersymmetries. All the dS vacua have tachyonic instabilities, whereas there do exist non-supersymmetric AdS vacua which are stable, again in contrast to the D>3 theories.
description: LaTeX2e, 46 pages
Gold-katalysierte Mehrkomponentenreaktionen zur Darstellung spirocyclischer Pyrazolidine
Creators: name: Schieven, Justin
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mehrkomponentenreaktion
subject: Gold-Katalyse
subject: Spirocyclisierung
subject: Mizellare Katalyse
subject: 540
subject: Katalyse

description: Ein einfacher Zugang zu komplexen Molekülen ist nicht nur für die Organische Chemie, sondern auch für die Wirkstoffentwicklung der pharmazeutischen Industrie von großem Interesse. In diesem Zusammenhang stellen Mehrkomponentenreaktionen ein nützliches Werkzeug für die Synthese diverser hochsubstituierter Verbindungen dar. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Synthese von funktionalisierten heterocyclischen Spiroverbindungen. Diese werden mittels Gold-Katalyse in einer Mehrkomponentenreaktion ausgehend von einem Hydrazin-Derivat, einem Aldehyd und einem Alkinol bzw. Alkinamin oder Alkinthiol dargestellt. Da die nachhaltige Chemie heutzutage immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnt, wurde ein Reaktionsweg entwickelt, bei dem der Gebrauch an organischen Lösungsmitteln vermieden wird und die Reaktion alternativ dazu im wässrigen Medium durchgeführt werden kann. Hierbei konnten unter Verwendung der mizellaren Katalyse gute Ausbeuten erzielt werden und das mizellare System über mehrere Recyclingzyklen wiederverwendet werden. Da die oben gezeigte Spirocyclisierung bis jetzt auf die Synthese von [N,O]-Spirocyclen beschränkt ist, wurden Experimente durchgeführt, um die Reaktion auf die Synthese von [N,N]- und [N,S]-Spirocyclen zu erweitern. Hierbei konnten Ausbeuten von bis zu 93% erzielt werden. Darüber hinaus wurden Studien zur diastereoselektiven Synthese durchgeführt. Hierbei konnten unter Verwendung von Prolin-Derivaten die Diastereomerenverhältnisse beeinflusst und so erste Erfolge in der diastereoselektiven Spirocyclisierung verzeichnet werden.
Flip Paths Between Lattice Triangulations
Creators: name: Sims, William
name: Sitharam, Meera
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a $O(n^{\frac{3}{2}})$-time algorithm for the \emph{shortest (diagonal) flip path problem} for \emph{lattice} triangulations with $n$ points, improving over previous $O(n^2)$-time algorithms. For a large, natural class of inputs, our bound is tight in the sense that our algorithm runs in time linear in the number of flips in the output flip path. Our results rely on an independently interesting structural elucidation of shortest flip paths as the linear orderings of a unique partially ordered set, called a \emph{minimum flip plan}, constructed by a novel use of Farey sequences from elementary number theory. Flip paths between general (not necessarily lattice) triangulations have been studied in the combinatorial setting for nearly a century. In the Euclidean geometric setting, finding a shortest flip path between two triangulations is NP-complete. However, for lattice triangulations, which are studied as spin systems, there are known $O\left(n^2\right)$-time algorithms to find shortest flip paths. These algorithms, as well as ours, apply to \emph{constrained} flip paths that ensure a set of \emph{constraint} edges are present in every triangulation along the path. Implications for determining simultaneously flippable edges, i.e. finding optimal simultaneous flip paths between lattice triangulations, and for counting lattice triangulations are discussed.
description: 24 pages (38 with appendices), 12 figures
Transition to turbulence in a shear flow
Creators: name: Eckhardt, Bruno
name: Mersmann, Alois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the properties of a 19 dimensional Galerkin approximation to a parallel shear flow. The laminar flow with a sinusoidal shape is stable for all Reynolds numbers Re. For sufficiently large Re additional stationary flows occur; they are all unstable. The lifetimes of finite amplitude perturbations show a fractal dependence on amplitude and Reynolds number. These findings are in accord with observations on plane Couette flow and suggest a universality of this transition szenario in shear flows.
description: revtex, 10 pages, 11 figures (included)
Additional file 1 of Holistic approach to analysing debates on ecological sustainability over time on X
Creators: name: Gómez Sánchez-Seco, Javier
name: Mouronte-López, Mary Luz
name: Benito, Rosa M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary materials (PDF 5.0 MB)
Additional file 2: of Automated image analysis of NSCLC biopsies to predict response to anti-PD-L1 therapy
Creators: name: Althammer, Sonja
name: Tze Tan
name: SpitzmĂźller, Andreas
name: Rognoni, Lorenz
name: Wiestler, Tobias
name: Herz, Thomas
name: Widmaier, Moritz
name: Rebelatto, Marlon
name: Kaplon, Helene
name: Damotte, Diane
name: Alifano, Marco
name: Hammond, Scott
name: Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean
name: Koustubh Ranade
name: Guenter Schmidt
name: Higgs, Brandon
name: Steele, Keith
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Table S1. Patient demographics and baseline characteristics for analysed samples. Table S2. Performance of the CD8xPD-L1 signature, its individual components, and PD-L1 TC expression in the combined set of durvalumab-treated and non-ICT-treated patients. Table S3. Multiparametric Cox analysis of signatures in the entire data set including additional PD-L1 readouts. (DOCX 28 kb)
Three Essays in International Integration
Creators: McQuoid, Alexander F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Economics

description: In this dissertation, I consider multiple dimensions of international integration. In chapter one, I consider the impact of immigration on public finance. In chapter two, I study capacity constrained firms and the transmission of foreign shocks to the domestic market through these firms. In chapter three, I focus on the importing behavior of firms and how macro and micro patterns of trade and production diverge. In the first chapter, I investigate the role diversity plays in the provision of public goods. The conventional wisdom holds that diversity is a significant hindrance to collective action and the provision of public goods. Empirical support for this view comes primarily from the observation that measures of diversity are negatively correlated with provisions of public goods in the cross-section. The generally held conjecture is that this negative relationship is true within countries over time as well. I address this belief directly by exploiting a natural migration experiment and a unique IV strategy to causally identify the impact of diversity on public goods expenditures and revenues. With the political collapse of the Soviet Union in the fall of 1989, mass migration to Israel increased the population there by roughly seven percent over two years. This led to substantial changes in diversity in local communities, with some becoming more homogeneous and others becoming more diverse. I confirm the usual negative relationship in the cross-section by using data on local government budgets at disaggregated levels. However, I find limited evidence that increased diversity leads to lower expenditures on local public goods when I instrument for changes in diversity using historic settlement patterns. Local revenue generating mechanisms do respond to changes in diversity, but are offset by national government transfers. Chapter two challenges a central assumption of standard trade models: constant marginal cost technology. We present evidence consistent with the view that increasing marginal cost is present in the data, and further identify financial and physical capacity constraints as the main sources of increasing marginal costs. To understand and quantify the importance of increasing marginal costs faced by financially and physically constrained exporters, we develop a novel structural estimation framework that incorporates these micro frictions. Our structural estimates suggest that the presence of such capacity constrained firms can (1) reduce aggregate output responses to external demand shocks by 30% and (2) result in welfare loss by around 23%.
Super Black Hole from Cosmological Supergravity with a Massive Superparticle
Creators: name: Knutt-Wehlau, M. E.
name: Mann, R. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe in superspace a classical theory of two dimensional $(1,1)$ cosmological dilaton supergravity coupled to a massive superparticle. We give an exact non-trivial superspace solution for the compensator superfield that describes the supergravity, and then use this solution to construct a model of a two-dimensional supersymmetric black hole.
description: 7 pages, Latex