cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Abstracting OWL for network inference
Creators: name: Callahan, Tiffany J.
name: Baumgartner, William A.
name: Daya, Marc
name: Hunter, Lawrence E.
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: Structural transformation of biological knowledge represented using Semantic Web standards significantly improves the utility of visualization tools and network analytics. Link prediction algorithms are powerful tools for predicting unobserved connections between nodes in a network. The application of such algorithms to biological networks has lead to the correct prediction of previously unobserved relationships ranging from protein-protein interactions to novel P53 kinases. The use of such algorithms to analyze larger and more complex representations has the potential to generate novel and important hypotheses, and insights into biological mechanisms. Unfortunately, the direct application of these algorithms to biological knowledge is limited by the representational complexity of the web ontology language standard OWL. The Network Information Content Entity (NICE) approach, a novel transformation method, reversibly transforms OWL-compliant biomedical knowledge into a representation better suited for visualization and network inference algorithms. Using several illustrative biomedical queries, the NICE transformation produces simpler network representations that are more visually comprehensible and whose structural properties (e.g. clustering coefficient, modularity, number of shortest paths, number of average neighbors, and diameter and radius) are significantly improved over raw OWL. Furthermore, comparison of the results from the application of several state-of-the-art link prediction algorithms on raw OWL versus NICE networks shows that the NICE transformation results in more accurate and biologically meaningful predictions. For each query and each algorithm, the top-ten predicted links for both OWL and NICE networks were validated via evidence from literature review and domain expert consultation.
Global agricultural science research fronts analysis based on bibliometrics
Creators: name: Xuefu Zhang
name: Wei, Sun
name: Qian, Xu
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: We can find research fronts by continuously tracking the most important scientific research papers in the world, and analyzing the cited patterns and clustering of papers, especially the frequent co-citation of highly cited papers into clusters. A research front is formed when a cluster of highly cited papers are cited together to a certain degree.
Base on the bibliometrics method, we selected 14 research fronts from the ESI database of agricultural science, animal and plant science in Web of Science (2013-2017) with the help of the related domain experts. We also analyzed the structure and layout of the global agricultural science research fronts and etc.
Model-based machine learning techniques for fiber nonlinearity compensation
Creators: name: Luo, Shenghang
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: The demand for faster high-volume data transmission over fiber optical long-haul links has been ever-increasing. This has been driving the need for further enhancing the data rates that can be carried by already deployed fibers. This is a non-trivial task as the Kerr effect causes nonlinear distortions to grow with increasing transmission power. Therefore, we are faced with the unusual situation that the effective signal-to-noise ratio decreases as the transmit power increases. Conventional nonlinear compensation methods, such as digital backpropagation (DBP) and perturbation theory-based nonlinearity compensation (PB-NLC), attempt to compensate for the nonlinearity by approximating analytical solutions to the signal propagation over fibers. However, their performances are limited by model mismatch and computational complexity. Recently, machine learning (ML) techniques have been used for the optimization of parameters of model-based approaches, which traditionally have been determined analytically from physical models. In the context of optical fiber transmission, it has been shown that ML-aided model-based approaches have improved performance and/or reduced complexity. In this thesis, we consider two specific ML-aided model-based nonlinear compensation approaches: learned DBP (LDBP) and learned PB-NLC. In our first contribution, starting from LDBP proposed in the existing literature, we propose a novel perturbation theory-aided learned digital backpropagation method. The key insight is that the number of steps of LDBP can significantly be decreased by augmenting each step with a filter response, as suggested by perturbation theory. We demonstrate that our proposed approach outperforms existing LDBP in terms of both performance and complexity. Our second contribution concerns the learned PB-NLC. We conduct a comprehensive performance-complexity analysis for various learned and non-learned PB-NLC approaches presented in the literature, utilizing state-of-the-art complexity reduction methods to map out the performance-complexity trade-off among them. Our results show that least squares-based PB-NLC with clustering quantization has the best performance-complexity trade-off. We advance the state-of-the-art of learned PB-NLC by developing a bi-directional recurrent neural network for generating features that are alike those obtained from perturbation theory and are used as input for learned nonlinearity compensation. We demonstrate that our proposed feature learning network achieves a similar performance as least-squares PB-NLC, but with a reduced complexity.
Supplementary document for In-depth optical characterisation of spectacle lenses for myopia progression management - 6374606.pdf
Creators: name: Arias, Augusto
name: Ohlendorf, Arne
name: Artal, Pablo
name: Wahl, Siegfried
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 111399 Ophthalmology and Optometry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Optical response of the instrument for testing the focusing properties of spectacle lenses
Optical Eigenmodes; Exploiting the quadratic nature of the energy flux and of scattering interactions
Creators: name: Mazilu, M.
name: Baumgartl, J.
name: Kosmeier, S.
name: Dholakia, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a mathematically rigorous technique which facilitates the optimization of various optical properties of electromagnetic fields in free space and including scattering interactions. The technique exploits the linearity of electromagnetic fields along with the quadratic nature of the intensity to define specific Optical Eigenmodes (OEi) that are pertinent to the interaction considered. Key applications include the optimization of the size of a focused spot, the transmission through sub-wavelength apertures, and of the optical force acting on microparticles. We verify experimentally the OEi approach by minimising the size of a focused optical field using a superposition of Bessel beams.
description: Published in Optics Express
title: Dritte Satzung zur Änderung der Satzung des Historischen Instituts der Fakultät für Kulturwissenschaften der Universität Paderborn
title: vom 05. April 2019
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Universität Paderborn
Publisher: name: UB-PAD - Paderborn University Library
Year: 2019

description: Amtliche Mitteilungen / Universität Paderborn
Three-dimensional parton distribution functions $g_{1T}$ and $h_{1L}^\perp$ in the polarized proton-antiproton Drell-Yan process
Creators: name: Zhu, Jiacai
name: Ma, Bo-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present predictions of the unweighted and weighted double spin asymmetries related to the transversal helicity distribution $g_{1T}$ and the longitudinal transversity distribution $h_{1L}^\perp$, two of eight leading-twist transverse momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs) or three-dimensional parton distribution functions (3dPDFs), in the polarized proton-antiproton Drell-Yan process at typical kinematics on the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). We conclude that FAIR is ideal to access the new 3dPDFs towards a detailed picture of the nucleon structure.
description: 6 latex pages, 5 figures, version for publication in EPJC
True- true- unrelated? a delayed onset, complete third-nerve palsy after traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage
Creators: name: Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institutes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: A 61-year-old male presented to the emergency department (ED) with painless diplopia, left-ptosis, and left downward gaze, 3 days after sustaining a fall from standing height with subsequent lumbar and head trauma. Prior to the ED consult, his only symptom was persistent generalized high intensity headache. On physical examination, no other neurological deficit was found. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed Fisher 4 subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Cerebral angiogram and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were negative. Screening for possible secondary causes of isolated third-nerve palsy (TNP) were all negative. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a traumatic SAH with delayed onset of an isolated complete TNP as its manifestation.
Ambipolar diffusion in superfluid neutron stars
Creators: name: Glampedakis, K.
name: Jones, D. I.
name: Samuelsson, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we reconsider the problem of magnetic field diffusion in neutron star cores. We model the star as consisting of a mixture of neutrons, protons and electrons, and allow for particle reactions and binary collisions between species. Our analysis is in much the same spirit as that of Goldreich & Reisenegger (1992), and we content ourselves with rough estimates of magnetic diffusion timescales, rather than solving accurately for some particular field geometry. However, our work improves upon previous treatments in one crucial respect: we allow for superfluidity in the neutron star matter. We find that the consequent mutual friction force, coupling the neutrons and charged particles, together with the suppression of particles collisions and reactions, drastically affect the ambipolar magnetic field diffusion timescale. In particular, the addition of superfluidity means that it is unlikely that there is ambipolar diffusion in magnetar cores on the timescale of the lifetimes of these objects, contradicting an assumption often made in the modelling of the flaring activity commonly observed in magnetars. Our work suggests that if a decaying magnetic field is indeed the cause of magnetar activity, the field evolution is likely to take place outside of the core, and might represent Hall/Ohmic diffusion in the stellar crust, or else that a mechanism other than standard ambipolar diffusion is active, e.g. flux expulsion due to the interaction between neutron vortices and magnetic fluxtubes.
description: Paper changed to incorporate comments from referee. To appear in MNRAS
Scientific Opportunities with an X-ray Free-Electron Laser Oscillator
Creators: name: Adams, Bernhard
name: Aeppli, Gabriel
name: Allison, Thomas
name: Baron, Alfred Q. R.
name: Bucksbaum, Phillip
name: Chumakov, Aleksandr I.
name: Corder, Christopher
name: Cramer, Stephen P.
name: DeBeer, Serena
name: Ding, Yuntao
name: Evers, Jörg
name: Frisch, Josef
name: Fuchs, Matthias
name: Grübel, Gerhard
name: Hastings, Jerome B.
name: Heyl, Christoph M.
name: Holberg, Leo
name: Huang, Zhirong
name: Ishikawa, Tetsuya
name: Kaldun, Andreas
name: Kim, Kwang-Je
name: Kolodziej, Tomasz
name: Krzywinski, Jacek
name: Li, Zheng
name: Liao, Wen-Te
name: Lindberg, Ryan
name: Madsen, Anders
name: Maxwell, Timothy
name: Monaco, Giulio
name: Nelson, Keith
name: Palffy, Adriana
name: Porat, Gil
name: Qin, Weilun
name: Raubenheimer, Tor
name: Reis, David
name: Röhlsberger, Ralf
name: Santra, Robin
name: Schoenlein, Robert
name: Schünemann, Volker
name: Shpyrko, Oleg
name: Shvyd'ko, Yuri
name: Shwartz, Sharon
name: Singer, Andrej
name: Sinha, Sunil K.
name: Sutton, Mark
name: Tamasaku, Kenji
name: Wille, Hans-Christian
name: Yabashi, Makina
name: Ye, Jun
name: Zhu, Diling
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2019

description: An X-ray free-electron laser oscillator (XFELO) is a new type of hard X-ray source that would produce fully coherent pulses with meV bandwidth and stable intensity. The XFELO complements existing sources based on self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) from high-gain X-ray free-electron lasers (XFEL) that produce ultra-short pulses with broad-band chaotic spectra. This report is based on discussions of scientific opportunities enabled by an XFELO during a workshop held at SLAC on June 29 - July 1, 2016
TESS: A Relativistic Hydrodynamics Code on a Moving Voronoi Mesh
Creators: name: Duffell, Paul C.
name: MacFadyen, Andrew I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have generalized a method for the numerical solution of hyperbolic systems of equations using a dynamic Voronoi tessellation of the computational domain. The Voronoi tessellation is used to generate moving computational meshes for the solution of multi-dimensional systems of conservation laws in finite-volume form. The mesh generating points are free to move with arbitrary velocity, with the choice of zero velocity resulting in an Eulerian formulation. Moving the points at the local fluid velocity makes the formulation effectively Lagrangian. We have written the TESS code to solve the equations of compressible hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics for both relativistic and non-relativistic fluids on a dynamic Voronoi mesh. When run in Lagrangian mode, TESS is significantly less diffusive than fixed mesh codes and thus preserves contact discontinuities to high precision while also accurately capturing strong shock waves. TESS is written for Cartesian, spherical and cylindrical coordinates and is modular so that auxilliary physics solvers are readily integrated into the TESS framework and so that the TESS framework can be readily adapted to solve general systems of equations. We present results from a series of test problems to demonstrate the performance of TESS and to highlight some of the advantages of the dynamic tessellation method for solving challenging problems in astrophysical fluid dynamics.
description: ApJS, 197, 15
Additional file 1 of Rare causes of genital fistula in nine African countries: a retrospective review
Creators: name: Ngongo, Carrie J.
name: Raassen, Thomas J.I.P.
name: Mahendeka, Marietta
name: Lombard, Ladeisha
name: van Roosmalen, Jos
name: Temmerman, Marleen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S1. Included hospitals offering fistula repair by country.
Average up/down, strange and charm quark masses with Nf=2 twisted mass lattice QCD
Creators: name: ETM Collaboration
name: Blossier, B.
name: Dimopoulos, P.
name: Frezzotti, R.
name: Lubicz, V.
name: Petschlies, M.
name: Sanfilippo, F.
name: Simula, S.
name: Tarantino, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a high precision lattice calculation of the average up/down, strange and charm quark masses performed with Nf=2 twisted mass Wilson fermions. The analysis includes data at four values of the lattice spacing and pion masses as low as ~270 MeV, allowing for accurate continuum limit and chiral extrapolation. The strange and charm masses are extracted by using several methods, based on different observables: the kaon and the eta_s meson for the strange quark and the D, D_s and eta_c mesons for the charm. The quark mass renormalization is carried out non-perturbatively using the RI-MOM method. The results for the quark masses in the MSbar scheme read: m_ud(2 GeV)= 3.6(2) MeV, m_s(2 GeV)=95(6) MeV and m_c(m_c)=1.28(4) GeV. We also obtain the ratios m_s/m_ud=27.3(9) and m_c/m_s=12.0(3).
description: 20 pages, 5 figures. Typos corrected in eqs. (15)-(17). Version published in Phys. Rev. D
The Nature and Extent of Community Impacts Resulting from Increased Coal Traffic in Minnesota and North Dakota
Creators: name: Taggart, Robert E.
name: Walker, Nancy S.
name: Cameron, W. John
name: Taggart, Robert E.
name: Walker, Nancy S.
name: Cameron, W. John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 20th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 29-31, 1979, Chicago, IL
Elevated 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide concentrations in the household dust of farmers with recent occupational use
Creators: name: Xie, Shuai
name: Hofmann, Jonathan N
name: Sampson, Joshua N
name: Josse, Pabitra R
name: Andreotti, Gabriella
name: Madrigal, Jessica M
name: Ward, Mary H
name: Freeman, Laura E Beane
name: Friesen, Melissa C
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Pesticide dust concentrations in homes have been previously associated with occupational and home/garden use of pesticides, hygiene practices, and other factors. This study evaluated the relationship between self-reported use of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and house dust concentrations and these factors in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture (BEEA) Study (Hofmann et al. 2015), a molecular epidemiologic study of farmers in Iowa and North Carolina. The vacuum dust from the homes of 35 BEEA participants were analyzed for the presence of 2,4-D. Participants provided detailed information on occupational and home/garden pesticide use during the past 12 months and reported household characteristics via questionnaires. Linear regression models were used to examine the association between 2,4-D concentrations and four exposure metrics for occupational use in the last 12 months (yes/no, days since last use, days of use, intensity-weighted days of use), home/garden use (yes/no), as well as several household characteristics. 2,4-D was detected in all homes and was used occupationally by 54% of the participants. In a multi-variable model, compared to homes with no occupational or home/garden 2,4-D use reported in the past 12 months, concentrations were 1.6 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5, 4.9) times higher in homes with low occupational 2,4-D use (intensity-weighted days < median) and 3.1 (95% CI: 1.0, 9.8) times higher in homes of participants with high use (≥median intensity-weighted days) (p-trend = 0.06). Similar patterns were observed with other occupational metrics. Additionally, 2,4-D dust concentrations were non-significantly elevated (relative difference (RD) = 1.8, 95% CI: 0.5, 6.2) in homes with home/garden use and were significantly lower in homes that did not have carpets (RD = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.98). These analyses suggest that elevated 2,4-D dust concentrations were associated with several metrics of recent occupational use and may be influenced by home/garden use and household characteristics.
Understanding complex magnetic order in disordered cobalt hydroxides through analysis of the local structure
Creators: name: Neilson, James R.
name: Melot, Brent C.
name: Shoemaker, Daniel P.
name: Kurzman, Joshua A.
name: Seshadri, Ram
name: Morse, Daniel E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In many ostensibly crystalline materials, unit-cell-based descriptions do not always capture the complete physics of the system due to disruption in long-range order. In the series of cobalt hydroxides studied here, Co(OH)$_{2-x}$(Cl)$_x$(H$_2$O)$_{n}$, magnetic Bragg diffraction reveals a fully compensated Néel state, yet the materials show significant and open magnetization loops. A detailed analysis of the local structure defines the aperiodic arrangement of cobalt coordination polyhedra. Representation of the structure as a combination of distinct polyhedral motifs explains the existence of locally uncompensated moments and provides a quantitative agreement with bulk magnetic measurements and magnetic Bragg diffraction.
Interacting Ghost Dark Energy in Non-Flat Universe
Creators: name: Sheykhi, A.
name: Movahed, M. Sadegh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new dark energy model called "ghost dark energy" was recently suggested to explain the observed accelerating expansion of the universe. This model originates from the Veneziano ghost of QCD. The dark energy density is proportional to Hubble parameter, $ρ_D=αH$, where $α$ is a constant of order $Λ_{\rm QCD}^3$ and $Λ_{\rm QCD}\sim 100 MeV$ is QCD mass scale. In this paper, we extend the ghost dark energy model to the universe with spatial curvature in the presence of interaction between dark matter and dark energy. We study cosmological implications of this model in detail. In the absence of interaction the equation of state parameter of ghost dark energy is always $w_D > -1 $ and mimics a cosmological constant in the late time, while it is possible to have $w_D < -1 $ provided the interaction is taken into account. When $k = 0$, all previous results of ghost dark energy in flat universe are recovered. To check the observational consistency, we use Supernova type Ia (SNIa) Gold sample, shift parameter of Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMB) and the Baryonic Acoustic Oscillation peak from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The best fit values of free parameter at $1σ$ confidence interval are: $Ω_m^0= 0.35^{+0.02}_{-0.03}$, $Ω_D^0=0.75_{-0.04}^{+0.01}$ and $b^2=0.08^{+0.03}_{-0.03}$. Consequently the total energy density of universe at present time in this model at 68% level equates to $Ω_{\rm tot}^0=1.10^{+0.02}_{-0.05}$.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures. V2: Added comments, observational consequences, references, figures and major corrections. Accepted for publication in General Relativity and Gravitation
Calendar of Open Access Events
Creators: name: Fiford, Cassidy
name: Koder, Tim
name: Farrow, Paul
name: Cusack, Jodi
name: Macdonald, Steph
name: Sabir, Sarah
name: Watts, Zoe
Publisher: name: Open Pharma
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 111503 Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111502 Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

description: Always missing your favourite open access events? The Open Pharma Calendar of Open Access Events is here to help!
Modal-Split Models of Air and Truck Competition
Creators: name: Bernstein, Gerald W.
name: Dajani, Jarir S.
name: Bernstein, Gerald W.
name: Dajani, Jarir S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 20th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 29-31, 1979, Chicago, IL
The impact of reference pricing on prescribing patterns, costs, and health services utilization of proton pump inhibitors and statins of British Columbia
Creators: name: Au, Shania
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Introduction: The Reference Drug Program (RDP) was established to steer patients toward equally safe and cost-effective medication within British Columbia’s public drug coverage program. At least one drug in each RDP class is covered normally, the reference drug(s), and non-reference drugs are only reimbursed up to the cost of the reference drug. In 2016, the RDP expanded to include other drug classes, including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and statins. This thesis evaluated the impact of these changes on drug expenditures, prescription patterns, and health services utilization. Methods: We identified a cohort of individuals covered by Fair Pharmacare who used PPIs or statins. We also established a control group, users of H2 Blockers, for PPIs. Using administrative data files from June 2014 to December 2019, we analysed the longitudinal trends for our outcomes of interest using interrupted time series (ITS). We studied changes for PPIs and statins in the following outcomes: 1) new users 2) average day supply 3) expenditures 4) drug costs 5) proportion of reference drug use and 6) physician visits and costs. Results: For PPIs and statins, the RDP had little impact on overall drug use patterns. We did not observe any changes in reference drug uptake, nor did we see an increase in new users, or significant changes to total days supplied post-policy. We also observed cost savings for total statin expenditure. These savings were larger for patients and third-party insurers than the PharmaCare program. In contrast, we did not see any savings for PPI users. However, these expenditure results were likely biased due to co-occurring changes to drug prices. Finally, we found no evidence of changes in physician visits following RDP changes. Conclusion: We found that there were cost savings to the provincial drug program with the addition of statins, but not PPIs, to the RDP. However, these savings may be all or in part due to drug price reductions. The program also had little impact on prescribing patterns. Overall, our findings are consistent with existing evidence that the RDP is safe for similar therapeutic alternatives, but the impact on cost for these classes remains unclear.
Massive and Refined. II. The statistical properties of turbulent motions in massive galaxy clusters with high spatial resolution
Creators: name: Vazza, F.
name: Brunetti, G.
name: Gheller, C.
name: Brunino, R.
name: Brüggen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the properties of chaotic motions in the intra cluster medium using a set of 20 galaxy clusters simulated with large dynamical range, using the Adaptive Mesh Refinement code ENZO (e.g. Norman et al.2007). The adopted setup allows us to study the spectral and spatial properties of turbulent motions in galaxy clusters with unprecedented detail, achieving an maximum available Reynolds number of the order of R=500-1000 for the largest eddies. The correlations between the energy of these motions in the Intra Cluster Medium and the dynamical state of the host systems are studied, and the statistical properties of turbulent motions and their evolution with time support that major merger events are responsible for the injection of the bulk of turbulent kinetic energy inside cluster. Turbulence is found to account for a 20-30 per cent of the thermal energy in merging clusters, while it accounts for a 5 per cent in relaxed clusters. A comparison of the energies of turbulence and motions in our simulated clusters with present upper-limits in real nearby clusters, recently derived with XMM-Newton (Sanders et al.2010), is provided. When the same spatial scales of turbulent motions are compared, the data from simulations result well within the range presently allowed by observations. Finally, we comment on the possibility that turbulence may accelerate relativistic particles leading to the formation of giant radio halos in turbulent (merging) clusters. Based on our simulations we confirm previous semi-analytical studies that suggest that the fraction of turbulent clusters is consistent with that of clusters hosting radio halos.
description: 17 pages, 17 figures. Astronomy & Astrophysics accepted. Revised version after the comments by the referee
Visualising subcellular spatiotemporal dynamics of RNA and organelles orchestrating mammalian preimplantation embryogenesis
Creators: name: HAWDON, AZELLE
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 320606
subject: Regenerative medicine (incl. stem cells)
classificationCode: 340605
subject: Molecular imaging (incl. electron microscopy and neutron diffraction)
classificationCode: 310903
subject: Animal developmental and reproductive biology
classificationCode: 310199
subject: Biochemistry and cell biology not elsewhere classified

description: During mammalian preimplantation embryo development, cells must decide between becoming pluripotent inner cells, giving rise to the foetus or outer trophectoderm cells, forming extra-embryonic tissues. This thesis uses advanced imaging technologies to decipher the intricate workings of RNA, proteins, organelles and the microtubule-cytoskeleton inside cells of the preimplantation mouse embryo. We uncover how cellular organisation acts synergistically with gene expression to regulate cell fate. These findings provide insights into the cell biology underlying pluripotency and cell fate determination. We envision this research will contribute to advancements in the fields of in vitro fertilisation and regenerative medicine.
Dressed Wilson loops as dual condensates in response to magnetic and electric fields
Creators: name: Bruckmann, Falk
name: Endrodi, Gergely
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce dressed Wilson loops as a novel confinement observable. It consists of closed planar loops of arbitrary geometry but fixed area, and its expectation values decay with the latter. The construction of dressed Wilson loops is based on chiral condensates in response to magnetic and electric fields, thus linking different physical concepts. We present results for generalized condensates and dressed Wilson loops on dynamical lattice configurations and confirm the agreement with conventional Wilson loops in the limit of large probe mass. We comment on the renormalization of dressed Wilson loops.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures; journal version; added: physical intuition, remarks on renormalization, lattice loop multiplicities (appendix), references
Setting up tunneling conditions by means of Bohmian mechanics
Creators: name: Sanz, A. S.
name: Miret-Artes, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Usually tunneling is established after imposing some matching conditions on the (time-independent) wave function and its first derivative at the boundaries of a barrier. Here an alternative scheme is proposed to determine tunneling and estimate transmission probabilities in time-dependent problems, which takes advantage of the trajectory picture provided by Bohmian mechanics. From this theory a general functional expression for the transmission probability in terms of the system initial state can be reached. This expression is used here to analyze tunneling properties and estimate transmissions in the case of initial Gaussian wave packets colliding with ramp-like barriers.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
title: A diachronic view on the development of CLIL teaching methodologies in lower secondary history classes
Creators: name: Reindl, Ines
Year: 2023

description: Die vergangen drei Jahrzehnte waren gekennzeichnet von einer großflächigen Implementierung von CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) innerhalb des europäischen Bildungsbereichs. Folglich ist es das Ziel dieser Masterarbeit, die Entwicklung des CLIL-Geschichteunterrichts in Unterstufenklassen einer österreichischen AHS nachzuverfolgen. Schwerpunkt der zugrundeliegenden Interviewstudie ist die Erforschung des ursprünglichen CLIL-Unterrichts an der untersuchten Schule sowie die Entwicklung der CLIL-Methodiken. Am Beginn dieser Arbeit steht ein historischer Abriss der Entwicklung des bilingualen Unterrichts, allem voran der Entwicklung von CLIL, entlang anderer Innovationen im Fremdsprachenunterricht in einem internationalen, europäischen und, speziell, in einem österreichischen Kontext. Die zugrundeliegenden Daten basieren auf Interviews mit GeschichtelehrerInnen der Unterstufe, deren Erfahrungen sich mitunter anhand ihrer Dienstjahre und -zeiten unterscheiden. Im Zuge dieser Arbeit werden die gewonnen Daten qualitativ ausgewertet, analysiert und hinsichtlich ihrer Implikationen für den CLIL-Geschichteunterricht diskutiert.
description: In the past three decades, there has been a large-scale adoption of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) programmes in educational contexts in different parts of the world. Hence, this Master’s Thesis will investigate the development of CLIL History lessons at an Austrian AHS at lower secondary level. This interview study will focus particularly on the origins of CLIL, as well as on the development of CLIL teaching methodologies at the investigated school. First, this thesis will outline the historical development of bilingual education with a specific focus on CLIL, alongside other innovations in foreign language teaching in an international, a European, and, in particular, an Austrian context. The data of this interview study consists of interviews with history teachers at lower secondary levels, who have been teaching CLIL for diverse periods of time. The final part of this thesis will analyze the data qualitatively and discuss implications for teaching CLIL history classes.
Does Adiabatic Quantum Optimization Truly Fail for NP-complete problems?
Creators: name: Dickson, Neil G.
name: Amin, M. H. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been recently argued that adiabatic quantum optimization would fail in solving NP-complete problems because of the occurrence of exponentially small gaps due to crossing of local minima of the final Hamiltonian with its global minimum near the end of the adiabatic evolution. Using perturbation expansion, we analytically show that for the NP-hard problem of maximum independent set there always exist adiabatic paths along which no such crossings occur. Therefore, in order to prove that adiabatic quantum optimization fails for any NP-complete problem, one must prove that it is impossible to find any such path in polynomial time.
description: 4 pages, version to appear in PRL
title: Wirtschaftlichkeit und Patientenwohl
title: Die Gesundheitsversorgung zwischen Mittelknappheit und Ethik
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Dahlhaus, Dominik
name: Schmollinger, Susanna
Publisher: name: rescriptum - Akademischer Verein für rechtswissenschaftliche Publikation
Year: 2016

description: Ökonomische Zielsetzungen und die Verwirklichung des Patientenwohls erscheinen schwer vereinbar. Und tatsächlich zeitigen Anreize zum wirtschaftlichen Umgang mit den knappen Ressourcen und Kapazitäten des Gesundheitssystems Fehlentwicklungen, die sowohl für Patienten als auch für das medizinische und nicht-medizinische Personal problematisch sind: So setzen bspw. Fallpauschalen (diagnosis related groups) und sog. Chefarztverträge im Krankenhaus den Anreiz, Diagnose- und Behandlungsentscheidungen aus betriebswirtschaftlichen und nicht nur medizinischen Gründen zu treffen. Das konfligiert mit dem ärztlichen Ethos, dem Fundament der Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung. Eine effiziente Gesundheitsversorgung und daher auch Rationalisierungen sind zwar schon aus Gründen der Zugangs- und Verteilungsgerechtigkeit unabdingbar, doch wird auf Rationalisierungsanreize häufig mit Rationierungen reagiert. Ausgehend von einer Analyse des Ökonomisierungsprozesses der Gesundheitsversorgung und seiner Folgen entwickelt der Beitrag Kriterien zur Beurteilung wirtschaftlichkeitssteigernder Maßnahmen, die den gesetzgeberischen Gestaltungsspielraum nicht einschränken. Sie sind vielmehr notwendige Bedingung, um die politischen und medizinischen Ziele der Gesundheitsversorgung zu verwirklichen und das ihr patientenseitig entgegengebrachte Systemvertrauen zu schützen.
Upper critical fields and superconducting anisotropy of K0.70Fe1.55Se1.01S0.99 and K0.76Fe1.61Se0.96S1.04 single crystals
Creators: name: Lei, Hechang
name: Petrovic, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated temperature and angular dependence of resistivity of K0.70(7)Fe1.55(7)Se1.01(2)S0.99(2) and K0.76(5)Fe1.61(5)Se0.96(4)S1.04(5) single crystals. The upper critical fields Hc2(T) for both field directions decrease with the increase in S content. On the other hand, the angle-dependent magnetoresistivity for both compounds can be scaled onto one curve using the anisotropic Ginzburg-Landau theory. The obtained anisotropy of Hc2(T) increases with S content, implying that S doping might decrease the dimensionality of certain Fermi surface parts, leading to stronger two dimensional character.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
An Analysis of Inland Waterway Diversions Using A Total Logistics Cost Model
Creators: name: Nason, Scott D.
name: Kullman, Brian C.
name: Nason, Scott D.
name: Kullman, Brian C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 20th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 29-31, 1979, Chicago, IL
title: Product-led Growth (PLG): vom Konzept zur Instanz
Creators: name: Edlinger, Iris Viktoria
Year: 2023

description: Der Einzug fortschreitender Technologie in alle Aspekte des Alltags geht mit einer steigenden digitalen Kompetenz einher und zeigt sich in einem radikalen Wandel der Art und Weise wie Produkte und Dienstleistungen von Menschen gekauft und genutzt werden. So zeigt sich die zunehmende Technikaffinität seitens Käufer:innen und Nutzer:innen in einer Abneigung gegen traditionelle Verkaufsprozesse mit persönlichen Interaktionen und hin in Richtung eines im Kontext von Software digitalen, self-service basierten, kontinuierlichen Überzeugungs- und Nutzungsprozesses. Um am Markt bestehen zu bleiben, sind Unternehmen mehr denn je gefordert auf das sich verändernde Umfeld rasch zu reagieren und ihre Ausrichtung kontinuierlich zu evaluieren und gegebenenfalls anzupassen. Mit der Herausforderung diesem aktuellen Wandel Schritt zu halten, sind in der Literatur diverse Konzepte zu finden. Einige davon lassen sich unter dem Konzept Product-led Growth zusammenfassen, welches insbesondere bei Unternehmen aus dem Softwarebereich zunehmend in den Fokus rückt und Schwerpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit ist. Trotz zahlreicher weiterer bestehender Konzepte, die sich grundsätzlich mit der gleichen Thematik beschäftigen, gibt es bislang kein umfassendes Modell zu einem konkreten Vorgehen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es daher ein Vorgehensmodell auf Basis von Product-led Growth für moderne Software-Angebote zu entwickeln. Ebenso soll es sich dabei um ein metamodellbasiertes Vorgehensmodell handeln, um eine einfachere Instanziierung von Product-led Growth für Software-Angebote zu ermöglichen. Die Schwerpunkte dieser Arbeit liegen auf den drei Schlagwörtern metamodellbasiertes Vorgehensmodell, Product-led Growth und Software-Angebote.
Economic Modeling of Changing Maritime Transport Patterns in the 80's: A New Approach
Creators: name: Dicer, Dr. Gary N.
name: Sentell, Dr. Gerald D.
name: Dicer, Dr. Gary N.
name: Sentell, Dr. Gerald D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 20th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 29-31, 1979, Chicago, IL
The nature of the Lambda(1405) resonance in chiral dynamics
Creators: name: Hyodo, Tetsuo
name: Jido, Daisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Lambda(1405) baryon resonance plays an outstanding role in various aspects in hadron and nuclear physics. It has been considered that the Lambda(1405) resonance is generated by the attractive interaction of the antikaon and the nucleon, as a quasi-bound state below the threshold decaying into the pi Sigma channel. Thus, the structure of Lambda(1405) is closely related to the Kbar N interaction which is the fundamental ingredient to study few-body systems with antikaon. In this paper, after reviewing the basic properties of the Lambda(1405) resonance, we introduce the dynamical coupled-channel model which respects chiral symmetry of QCD and the unitarity of the scattering amplitude. We show that the structure of the Lambda(1405) resonance is dominated by the meson-baryon molecule component and is described as a superposition of two independent states. The meson-baryon nature of Lambda(1405) leads to various hadronic molecule states in few-body systems with strangeness which are hadron composite systems driven by the hadronic interactions. We summarize the recent progress in the investigation of the Lambda(1405) structure and future perspective of the physics of the Lambda(1405) resonance.
description: 64 pages, 16 figures, 4 tables. Version published in Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys
Contract Carriage as a Solution to Service Stability in an Unregulated Motor Carrier Industry
Creators: name: Kamerschen, David R.
name: Paul, Chris W.
name: Kamerschen, David R.
name: Paul, Chris W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 20th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 29-31, 1979, Chicago, IL
Corrosion Resistance Evaluation of NI-AL2O3 Coatings on XC18 and E34 Mild Steel
Creators: name: Nora Bouzeghaia
name: Mokhtar Benarioua
name: Mahieddine Naoun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Ni-Al2O3, Sulfated Nickel Bath, Corrosion, Electrodeposition, Coating Pores.

description: Abstract
The present study examines nickel's electrodepositing onto XC18 and E34 mild steel surfaces. The Ni/Fe coating has a cathodic behaviour; small cracks or pores cause the underlying material to corrode. Aluminium oxide (Al2O3), a complex, dense and stoichiometric composant, was mixed into the nickel matrix to generate a hybrid coating with unique properties. Coatings were produced in a sulfate electrodeposition bath containing different concentrations of Al2O3, ranging from 0 to 30 gL-1. To enhance the materials cohesive properties and increase corrosion resistance, a multi-layer electrodeposition technique was employed; a copper layer was initially deposited, followed by the nickel layer deposition. Electrochemical polarisation and weight loss experiments were conducted in a 3.5% NaCl solution to characterize the deposit films. The surfaces morphology and microstructure were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate a significant decrease in corrosion rates, with minimal rates seen at Al2O3 concentrations ranging between 25 to 30 gL-1 for XC18 and 25 gL-1 for E34. The corrosion resistance of the composite Ni-AL2O3 deposit might be attributed to the successful occlusion of Al2O3 particles into the nickel pores. In the case of E34 specimens, the corrosion rates exhibited an escalation once the concentration of Al2O3 surpassed 25 gL-1.
Regulation of CNTNAP2 expression and modification and its role in autism spectrum disorders
Creators: name: Zhang, Qing
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of common neurodevelopmental disorders four times as prevalent in males as in females. Many genetic and environmental risk factors contribute to ASD, while the mechanisms underlying ASD pathogenesis remain elusive. Contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2) has been widely acknowledged as a risk gene for ASD. CNTNAP2 gene variants were frequently identified in ASD patients, and Cntnap2 knockout mice exhibited ASD-associated phenotypes. Dysregulations of CNTNAP2 could contribute to ASD pathogenesis, while the regulations of CNTNAP2 expression and modification remain largely unknown. In this study, we systematically investigated the transcriptional regulation, degradation, and proteolytic processing of human CNTNAP2. We cloned the human CNTNAP2 promoter and analyzed its transcriptional activities. We discovered that the RE1-Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) controls the neuronal-specific expression of CNTNAP2. Additionally, hypoxia, a risk factor for ASD, upregulates CNTNAP2 expression via interacting with the CNTNAP2 promoter. Next, we investigated the degradation pathway of CNTNAP2 and its C-terminal fragments (CTF). Two cell lines transfected with CNTNAP2 were treated with inhibitors for protein synthesis or degradation in dose- and time-dependent experiments. Results show that CNTNAP2 protein has a half-life of approximately 3-4 hours. CNTNAP2 and CTF are degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the macroautophagy-lysosomal pathway. Specifically, the lysosome pathway is a common mechanism of CNTNAP2 degradation in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CNTNAP2 undergoes sequential cleavages by furin, Alzheimer’s disease-associated α-secretase, and γ-secretase. Two α-secretase cleavage sites were identified at C-terminal L96 and I79. Moreover, the main α-secretase cleavage product C79 is further cleaved by γ-secretase to generate the CNTNAP2 intracellular domain (CICD). Finally, pathogenic CNTNAP2 mutations in ASD patients impair the α-cleavage of CNTNAP2 to generate C79, which may underlie the pathogenesis of ASD. In summary, this dissertation is the first study to reveal the fundamental regulations of CNTNAP2 expression and modifications. Dysregulations in transcription, degradation, and proteolysis of CNTNAP2 may underlie ASD pathogenesis related to CNTNAP2 disruptions.