Hudsonimyia araxa Silva & Wiedenbrug & Trivinho-Strixino & Oliveira & Pepinelli 2012, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Silva, Fabio Laurindo da
name: Wiedenbrug, Sofia
name: Trivinho-Strixino, Susana
name: Oliveira, Caroline Silva Neubern de
name: Pepinelli, Mateus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Hudsonimyia
Hudsonimyia araxa

description: Hudsonimyia araxa sp. nov.   
(Figures 4–6)  
 Type material   
 Holotype. Male, BRAZIL, MG, Monte Verde, small unnamed stream, 22 ◦ 53 ′ S, 46 ◦ 01 ′ W, 1916 m a.s.l., 7 July 2008, T. Siqueira and M. Pepinelli.   
 Paratypes. Two females same data as holotype. Two larvae and one pupal exuvia same data as holotype except for Itapeva, 22 ◦ 80 ′ S, 46 ◦ 23 ′ W, 1259 m a.s.l., 8 July 2008. Four larva same data as holotype except for SP, Atibaia, small unnamed stream, 23 ◦ 17 ′ S, 46 ◦ 52 ′ W, 1353 m a.s.l., 14 May 2005, F.O. Roque.   
 Etymology   
 From the indigenous Tupi language (Araxá = high place where you can see the first sun), refers to the region where type material was collected. The name should be regarded as noun in apposition.   
 Diagnostic characters   
 Hudsonimyia araxa sp. nov. differs from other Hudsonimyia species by the combination of the following characters.   
 Male imago. Head with frontal temporal setae multiserial frontally. Thorax with 18 prealar setae, three widely separate from others anteriorly.   
 Female imago. Wing length of about 1.9 cm, 16–17 prealars (wing length 1.89 cm and nine prealars in H. karelena and 1.32–1.39 cm and nine in H. parrishi).   
 Pupa Surface of thoracic horn opposite to plastron plate with spinules, corona parallel to the respiratory atrium, seventh abdominal segment with two taeniae, margins of anal lobe with spinules.   
 Larva. Head with maculation on the distal margin, occupying about one-half length of head. Procercus ratio (L / W) 6.00–7.00.   
 Description – adult male (n = 1 unless otherwise stated)   
 Dimensions. Total length 2.49 mm. Wing length 2.12 mm. Total length / wing length 1.17. Wing length / length of profemur 2.37.   
 Colouration. Head pale yellow; pedicel and maxillary palp pale brown. Thorax pale yellow with pale brown vittae; antepronotum pale; supra-alar callus pale brown. Wing membrane transparent without spots, veins pale brown and macrotrichia on veins. Legs pale brown. Tergite I–III with brown lateral bands near proximal margin, IV with brown transverse and lateral bands near proximal margin, V pale brown and VI–VIII brown. Hypopygium brown.   
 Head (Figure 4A). Antenna missing, diameter of pedicel 112 µm, apical setae single. Temporal setae 15, multiserial (Figure 4A). Eyes bare, with dorsomedian extension containing two terminal facets. Tentorium 212 µm long, stipes not measurable. Clypeus 122 µm long, 98 (1) µm wide at largest part, bearing 20 setae. Cibarial pump   
with anterior margin concave, 251 µm long. Palpomere lengths 1–4; five damaged (in µm): 38; 75; 106; 120.  
 Thorax (Figure 4B). Antepronotum with three lateral setae. Acrostichals 50, biserial; dorsocentrals 31, irregularly uniserial; prealars 16, three 2–3 widely separate from others anteriorly (Figure 4B); supra-alars 1. Scutellum with 10 setae. Anepisternals, pre-episternals and postnotals absent.   
 Wing (Figure 4C). Width 0.60. Costa 1.98 mm long, not produced beyond R 4+5, ending very slightly beyond tip of M 3+4. R 2+3 present. Base of radial sector 0.08 mm long. VR 0.82. WW 0.29. Brachiolum with two setae. Squama with 16 setae.   
 Legs. Fore leg: tibia with one apical and pectinate spurs 23 µm long, with four teeth. Mid leg: tibia with two apical spurs 23 µm long; shortest spur broken, longest spur with four teeth, shortest spur with three teeth. Hind leg: tibia with one apical spur 31 µm long, with four teeth. All legs with slender, hook-shaped claws. Pulvilli absent. Lengths and proportion of leg segments as in Table 3.   
 Hypopygium (Figure 4D). Tergite IX, with irregular row of 14 dorsal setae. Anal point present. Phallapodeme 123 µm long. Sternapodeme curved anteriorly. Gonocoxite, 116 µm long, with slightly concave inner margin; dorsomedian surface with numerous short, strong setae. Gonostylus simple, 55 µm long; megaseta 8 µm long. HR 2.11. HV 4.50.   
 Description – adult female (n = 2 unless otherwise stated)   
 Dimensions. Total length 3.36–3.96 mm. Wing length 1.93–1.94 mm. Total length / wing length 1.74–2.03. Wing length / length of profemur 2.39 (1).   
 Colouration. Head, pedicel and antenna brown; maxillary palp pale brown. Thorax pale brown with brown vittae; supra-alar callus brown. Wing membrane transparent without spots, veins pale brown; macrotrichia on veins. Legs pale brown. Abdomen pale brown with brown spots in all segments. Hypopygium brown. Seminal capsules pale brown.   
 Head. Antenna with 11 flagellomeres, AR 0.45–46, flagellum 403–438 µm long, diameter of pedicel 92–97 µm. Temporal setae 16, multiserial frontally. Eyes bare, dorsomedian extension with two terminal facets; eye ratio 1.16 (1). Tentorium 120–128 µm long, stipes not measurable. Clypeus 108–155 µm long, 97–100 µm wide at largest part, bearing 24–28 setae. Cibarial pump as in male, 231–238 µm long. Palpomere lengths 1–4, five damaged (in µm): 40–49; 58–66; 100–106; 155–159.   
 Thorax. Antepronotum with one or two lateral setae. Acrostichals 56–62, biserial; dorsocentrals 42–46, irregularly uniserial; prealars 16–17, three widely separate from others anteriorly; supra-alars 1; supra-alars 1. Scutellum with 10–15 setae across disc. Anepisternals, pre-episternals and postnotals absent.   
 Wing. Width 0.56–0.58 mm. Costa 1.82 (1) mm long, not produced beyond R 4+5. R 2+3 present. Base of radial sector 0.07 (1) mm long. VR 0.78 (1). WW 0.29–0.30. Brachiolum with three (1) setae (2). Squama with five or six setae.   
 Legs (Figure 4E–G). Fore leg: tibia with one apical spur 19 µm long, with six teeth (Figure 4E). Mid leg: tibia with two apical spurs 23; 24 µm long; shortest and longest spur with four teeth (Figure 4F). Hind leg: tibia with one apical spur 29 µm long, with four teeth (Figure 4G). All legs with slender, hook-shaped claws. Pulvilli absent. Lengths and proportion of leg segments as in Table 4.   
 Genitalia (Figure 4H). Gonapophysis VIII broadly rounded. Tergite IX 177 (1) µm wide at middle, without setae. Coxosternapodeme 75 (1) µm long. Tergite X without setae on either side. Postgenital plate rounded. Cerci quadrate to oval-quadrate, 40–54 µm long and 19–26 µm wide; with numerous setae. Notum length (from ramus forward) 107–123 µm. Seminal capsules oval with conical shaped necks, length 77–103 µm, maximum width 40 µm. Length ratio SCa / No 0.71–0.83.   
 Description – pupa (n = 2 unless otherwise stated)   
 Colouration. Exuviae yellow. Thoracic horn mostly pale brown.   
 Cephalothorax (Figure 5A,B). Wing sheath smooth 1300 (1) µm long and 300 (1) µm wide. Thoracic horn as in Figure 5A,B, 325–357 µm long and 113 µm wide; plastron plate large, 123–135 µm long. Corona parallel to the longitudinal axis of the thoracic horn. Respiratory atrium tubular, narrower than lumen. Basal lobe short. Thoracic comb absent, rugose area present near base of thoracic horn.   
 Abdomen (Figure 5C,D). 3.01–3.69 mm long. Tergites I–VIII with shagreen composed of short spinules, with extremity rounded, serially arranged in slightly arched rows (Figure 5D), extending the full length of segments. T I with scar, 132–170 µm long. Chaetotaxy of segment IV as in Figure 5C. T VII with two lateral setae. T VIII with five lateral setae reaching the insertion of macrosetae on anal lobe. Anal lobe as in Figure 5C, 419–494 µm long and 356–375 µm wide, with two anal macrosetae; outer and inner margins with spinules. Genital sac smaller than anal lobe, with 194 (1) µm long. GS / AL 0.46 (1).   
 Description – fourth instar larva (n = 4 unless otherwise stated)   
 Colouration. Head pale yellow, distal margin one-half pale brown; postoccipital margin brown; distal tooth of mandible and apex of ligula brown. Abdomen pale yellow; procercus and anal setae pale brown. Posterior parapod claws all brown.   
 Head (Figure 6A). Length 494–544 µm, 363–406 µm wide; cephalic index 0.68–0.76. Chaetotaxy as in Figure 4E.   
 Antenna (Figure 6B). Length 432–499 µm long, A 1 208–243 µm long, with ring organ placed 109–148 µm from base, A 2 53–56 µm long. AR 3.36–3.88 (3).   
 Maxilla (Figure 6C). Basal palp segment 38–41 µm long and 9–10 µm wide, with ring organ 16–19 (3) µm from base, A 1 / P 1 5.29–6.36, A 2 / P 1 1.38–1.48.   
 Mandible (Figure 6D). Length 62–87 µm, with three lateral setae. Sensillum campaniformium 41–69 µm from apex. A 1 / MD 2.80–3.33.   
 Mentum and M appendage (Figure 6E). Dorsomental teeth reduced; pseudoradula uniformly granulate, 113–122 (3) µm long.   
 Hypopharyngeal complex (Figure 6F,G). Ligula 73–82 µm long, maximum width 37–42 µm, anterior toothed margin slightly concave. It / O 1.00. Mt / O 0.96–0.97. It / Li 1.00. Muscle attachment 22–26 long. Paraligula bifid, 24–29 µm long, inner tooth 14–23 µm long, shorter than outer tooth. Pecten hypopharyngis with 21 teeth almost equal in size (Figure 6G).   
 Body (Figure 6H). Without lateral fringe. Anterior parapods with simple claws. Procercus 162–181 (3) µm long, 25–31 (3) µm wide, with seven anal setae 392–448 (3) µm long. L / W 6–7 (3). Supra-anal seta 332–406 µm long. Anal tubules 200–212 (2). Posterior parapod apex with hooklets and numerous simple claws.   
 Ecology   
 Hudsonimyia araxa were collected from small, shallow-water streams flowing slowly over granite outcrops covered with algae, moss and detritus in mountainous areas (altitudes higher than 1250 m). According to Roback (1979), this type of environment seems to be the biotope of larvae of this genus.
description: Published as part of Silva, Fabio Laurindo da, Wiedenbrug, Sofia, Trivinho-Strixino, Susana, Oliveira, Caroline Silva Neubern de & Pepinelli, Mateus, 2012, Two new species of Hudsonimyia Roback, 1979 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from Neotropical Region unveiled by morphology and DNA barcoding, pp. 1615-1638 in Journal of Natural History 46 (25 - 26) on pages 1629-1634, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.681315, http://zenodo.org/record/5200326