Eulimnogammarus etingovae Moskalenko &amp; Neretina &amp; Yampolsky 2020, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Moskalenko, Victoria N.
name: Neretina, Tatiana V.
name: Yampolsky, Lev Y.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Eulimnogammaridae
Eulimnogammarus
Eulimnogammarus etingovae

description: <i>Eulimnogammarus etingovae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Fig. 1A, Fig. 2) <i>Holotype:</i> female, body length 11 mm. South Baikal, near Kultuk, 51.696N, 103.874E, depth 10–20 m, dredge on sandy substrate, August 2013. Numerous paratypes of both sexes, same location and date. Holotype location: Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia. Paratypes: ETSU museum of Natural History, Johnson City, TN, USA and Baikal Museum, Listvyanka, Russia. See Supplementary materials for holotype museum ID. <i>Etymology.</i> The species is named after Anna Etingova who participated in the collection of the holotypes. <i>Diagnosis.</i> The species can be distinguished from other <i>Eulimnogammarus</i> spp. by a 1-articulate accessory flagellum, sparse setation on rami of uropod III, lack of calceoli, lack of setae on uropods I and II and of plumose setae on uropod III and presence of spines only on the last two body segments. <i>Description.</i> Description is based on female holotype and two male paratypes. No sexual dimorphism noted other than the presence of brood chamber in females and slightly weaker gnathopods I in female. Body slender, smooth, 8–11 mm, red when alive, with yellow spots on the posterior half of the head segment. Small spines on the last two segments of the urosome, setae on the last segment of pleosome and the first segment of urosome. Eyes kidney-shaped, white with black spots (black in preserved material). Rostrum very short, rounded, antennal sinus shallow (Fig. 1A). Antennae I short (1/4 body length) with the first peduncle article about 2/3 as long as the head segment and the length ratio of peduncle segments 1:0.6:0.4, carrying small setae on the distal end of each segment of peduncle and main flagellum. Flagellum consists of 9-12 articles. Accessory flagellum 1-articulate, very short, often barely visible (Fig. 2A). Antennae II shorter than I, peduncle articles carrying rare single setae, flagellum consists of 6 articles carrying short setae. No calceoli found (Fig. 2B). Mouthparts typical for subgenus <i>Eurybiogammarus</i> (Bazikalova 1945). Basal article of mandible palpus with- out setae, terminal article slightly shorter than the subterminal one; the comb is much shorter than the apical setae (Fig. 2C). Outer plate of maxillae I carries hooks with up to 5 teeth, inner plate triangle with dense pennate setae (Fig. 2D). Maxillae II (Fig. 2E) and maxillipedae (Fig. 2F) as in any <i>Eulimnogammarus</i> spp. Gnathopods I with weak, almond-shaped, weakly setose propodus with 8 pairs of spines on posterior margin (Fig. 2G), and with a group of weak setae at the base of the dactylus, somewhat more powerful in males. Gnathopods II with even weaker, heavily setose subrectangular elongated propodus with oblique palmar edge and a group of spines at the palmar-posterior corner (Fig. 2H). Pereopods short, stalky, with short spines and few setae, coxal plates short, rounded, with short setae on the posterior edge. Basipodite of pereopode VII with a large, round lobe extending distally in a rounded protrusion that reaches to the distal end of the next segment (Fig. 2I). Posterior edge serrated, with a weak seta under each notch. Uropods I and II with spines. Pleopods of typical gammarid morphology, with 2 small (50 microns) retinacles on the basal article, each equipped with 4-5 bumps on the convex side and 1-2 hooks on the concave side. Uropod III elongated, nearly bare, peduncle with 2 groups of 3-4 spines, outer ramus 2-2.5 times longer than the peduncle, 2-articulate, with 3 short spine and 1-3 weak simple setae on the outer margin, no spines or setae on the inner margin, 4-5 spines and a few setae at the distal end, spines reaching to ½ of the length of the triangle 2 nd article (Fig. 2J). Inner ramus narrow, about 2/3 as long as the outer ramus, narrow and slightly curved, completely bare, except for 1 spine and 2-3 setae at the distal end. Telson cleft to the base with 1-3 short spines at the tip of branches (Fig. 2K). Remarks: this species shares morphological affinities with both <i>Echiuropus</i> (1-articulate accessory flagellum, sparse to no setation on rami of uropod III) and <i>Eulimnogammarus</i> (2-articulate outer ramus of uropod III). It is similar to <i>Eulimnogammarus aheneus</i> and <i>Eulimnogammarus similis,</i> but it has neither calceoli, nor setae on uropods I and II nor plumose setae on uropod III. Similar to <i>E. hyacynthus,</i> but is smaller, red rather than blue and has spines only on the last two body segments. Differs from all other <i>Eulimnogammarus spp.</i> except the next species by having a 1-articulate accessory flagellum and by the structure of uropod III. Molecular phylogeny places this species basally within the paraphyletic genus <i>Eulimnogammarus,</i> with possible affinities to either the genus <i>Macropereiopus</i> which clusters within <i>Eulimnogammarus</i> (Naumenko <i>et al</i>. 2017; Fig. 5 below), or to the <i>Echiuropus</i> which is basal to Baikal clade 2 (Naumenko <i>et al</i>. 2017; Supplementary Fig. 1), depending on the nucleotide vs. amino acid sequences of the protein coding genes analyzed. This species is different from the next one by weak gnathopods, inner branch of uropod III longer than 2/3 of the outer branch, no setation on antennae II, uropod III and telson and a more protruding distal lobe on pereopod VII basipodite.
description: Published as part of <i>Moskalenko, Victoria N., Neretina, Tatiana V. &amp; Yampolsky, Lev Y., 2020, To the origin of Lake Baikal endemic gammarid radiations, with description of two new Eulimnogammarus spp., pp. 457-471 in Zootaxa 4766 (3)</i> on pages 462-465, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4766.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3765601
description: {"references": ["Bazikalova, A. Y. (1945) Amphipods of Lake Baikal. In: Trudy Baikalskoj Limnologicheskoj Stantsii. Vol. 11. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Moscow, pp. 1 - 440. [in Russian]", "Naumenko, S. A., Logacheva, M. D., Popova, N. V. Klepikova, A. V., Penin, A. A., Bazykin, G. A., Etingova, A. E., Mugue, N. S., Kondrashov, A. S. &amp; Yampolsky, L. Y. (2017) Transcriptome-based hylogeny of endemic Lake Baikal amphipod species flock: fast speciation accompanied by frequent episodes of positive selection. Molecular Ecology, 26 (2), 536 - 553. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / mec. 13927"]}