cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: The Iconography of the Drinking Scene in the Dukhang at Alchi, Ladakh.
Creators: name: Alafouzo, Marjo
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 2008

description: This thesis discusses the iconography of "The Royal Drinking Scene", a mural situated in the Dukhang at Alchi, Ladakh. The mural is a rare occurrence of a secular scene amidst Buddhist portrayal in a Tibetan temple. The iconographic analysis in this thesis aims to specify artistic currents in the scene, and to place them into a more defined cultural context. Previous academic research has noted the foreign influences in the mural, but has failed to determine their origin. This is partly due to lack of coherent written historical sources for 7th - 11th century Ladakh. Thus, in addition to comparative and stylistic art historical analysis, and meagre Tibetan written accounts, this thesis will incorporate Islamic geographical records to add information to the region's pre-12th century history. Through the examination of the region's road connections to the west, Ladakh's role in Tibetan empire will also be ascertained. The art historical discussion will include a comparative study of the architecture of the Dukhang, which shows archaic, non- Tibetan traditions. The inscriptional evidence forms an important part of establishing a historical background for the mural. The main approach in an attempt to define the mural's foreign, non-Tibetan elements, however, is art historical. Therefore, the available historical evidence will mainly be used to support the art historical finding of "The Royal Drinking Scene", which will be summarised by examining a previously unpublished mural in the Dukhang. The iconographical analysis undertaken in this thesis will suggest a new interpretation for the 11th century history of Ladakh.
title: Nalanda Mahavihara: An Historiographic Study of Its Art and Archaeology, 1812-1938.
Creators: name: Stewart, Mary Loretta
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1988

description: The art historical and archaeological literature on Nalanda Mahavihara maintains that it was a centre of intellectual, cultural and artistic activity in the Gupta and Pala periods, spreading its influence beyond the borders of India. It was investigated and excavated under the British administration of the Archaeological Survey of India from 1861 to 1938. Yet in that period there appeared no western comprehensive study of Nalanda, its architecture and artefacts to bear out these claims. The purpose of this thesis is to examine western literature and archaeological records to determine how Nalanda's reputation was established and why an extensive analysis was not done during that period. The Nalanda material is presented within the intellectual context for the study of Indian Buddhism and art history in the early 20th century. The thesis is divided into four parts: (1) An overview of the intellectual context for Indian Buddhism, its art and architecture; (2) an analysis of the accounts of Nalanda of the early antiquarians; (3) an examination of the reports of the Archaeological Surveys of India, 1861-1938, and (4) an analysis of the French and English translations of the accounts of Nalanda of visiting Chinese monks.
title: The British Adminstration of Sind Between 1843 and 1865: A Study in Social and Economic Development.
Creators: name: Khuhro, Hamida
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1965

description: This is a study of British policies in Sind and their impact on the country during the period 1843-65. In 1843 Sind was conquered and added to the British dominions in India. The new rulers possessed little information about the country but were optimistic about the possibilities of reform which would transform the country from a backward 'oriental despotism' into a modem progressive state. Faced with the actual task of administration the British found the transformation more difficult to bring about than had been Imagined. Initial policies and preconceptions had inevitably to be modified in view of the prevalent conditions. The study is divided into the major fields in which government policy was formulated and applied. The first chapter describes the existing mechanics of administration and their adaptation under British rule. The second describes the policy towards the old governing class and the attempt to create a class of local coadjutors. The third chapter deals with the development of the policy of land revenue assessment and its effects on the existing system of land tenure. Closely interconnected with the question of land revenue was the problem of irrigation. The government policies with regard to irrigation are discussed in the fourth chapter. The efforts to develop trade and the consequent need to improve communications are discussed in chapter V. The establishment of the vernacular as the official language of administration and the development of the educational policy are discussed in chapter VI. The final chapter draws some general conclusions about the policies followed, the success or failure attending them and the trends of future development. The twenty years were a period of experiment. With certain key figures Napier, Frere, Jacob and Clerk as administrators, it forms a cohesive period during which fundamental, decisions of policy were made which were to point to the future development of the country.
title: Conditions of Employment and Industrial Disputes in Pakistan.
Creators: name: Husain, Ahmed
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1965

description: With the rapid growth of industry in Pakistan, the relations between employer and employee raise problems of increasing importance. Under the existing law an industrial dispute is initially handled by a conciliator, who endeavours to bring out an amicable settlement between the disputants; if he fails, it is submitted to the adjudication of an industrial court. Chapter I gives an introduction to the subject; Chapter II deals with the constitutions, functions and powers of a works committee, a conciliation officer and also with those of an industrial court, which, on an application by a party or on the basis of a reference made by Government, adjudicates on an industrial dispute. A comprehensive study of the basis of jurisdiction, with reference to the subject under dispute, the parties to it, the relevant statutory provisions and decided cases is undertaken in Chapter III, which also contains a comparative review of the corresponding statutes and relevant cases in England. Disputes over wages and their settlement by the courts, and tribunals (defunct since 1960) have been thoroughly investigated in Chapter IV; appropriate suggestions and comments have been made. Disputes over dearness allowance have also been dealt with. The problem of bonus, which workers are entitled to claim as a matter of right out of the profits of a company, has been studied in Chapter V, Other non-wage benefits, which arise out of the conflict of Interests, have been discussed in Chapters VI and VII. An analysis of the conditions of employment of workers, based on statutory provisions and judicial, decisions, has been made in Chapters VIII and IX. Conclusions have been drawm, incorporating appropriate suggestions, in Chapter X. The industrial courts in Pakistan, despite their drawbacks, have proved to be an effective machinery for the settlement of industrial disputes. In course of time these courts, it is expected, will play an increasingly important role in preserving industrial peace in Pakistan.
title: Bengal in the Reign of Aurangzib (1658-1707).
Creators: name: Basu, Anjali
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1965

description: This work, in the main, attempts a scrutiny of diverse aspects of Bengal in the reign of Aurangzib. In the first chapter the boundaries of Bengal during the period under discussion are discussed. The second chapter is devoted to the political condition of Bengal. The third deals with the provincial administration of the Mughals and its actual working. In the fourth attention is shifted to Bengal's commerce during the period. In the fifth chapter an attempt has been made to show the commercial relations of Bengal with the European trading companies, particularly the English East India Company. The chapter is divided into three sections; of these the first deals with the English East India Company's relations with the Mughal nawabs, the second with the Company's exports and imports, and the third discusses the activities of other European trading companies. The sixth chapter surveys the major aspects of social life in two sections, covering social structure and religion, and education. The whole study is summarized in the conclusion, and a study of the zamindars of Bengal is given in an appendix.
title: The International Human Right to Freedom of Conscience: An Approach to Its Application and Development.
Creators: name: Hammer, Leonard M.
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1997

description: This thesis considers the scope and application of the human right to freedom of conscience. It traces the development of the right to conscience in international law, analyses the principal human rights treaties which codify the right, and considers various interpretations of the right to conscience in select national courts. The thesis argues that in judicial and scholarly interpretation, the human right to freedom of conscience has been linked too closely to religious belief, thus obscuring the non-religious dimensions of the right. The thesis aims to develop a jurisprudential framework to facilitate a broader practical application of the right to conscience. Developing an analysis of the scope of the right to conscience, the thesis considers two distinct aspects: first, the forum internum, relating to the right to harbour a conscientious belief internally, and second, the forum externum, relating to the right to externally manifest a conscientious belief. Building upon this scheme, the argument turns to three practical applications of the right to conscience: conscientious objection to military service, objection to certain types of state taxation on conscientious grounds, and objection to the performance of a termination of pregnancy. For each example, the international and national aspects are considered. The thesis concludes that a more generous scope be accorded to the right to conscience and more rigorous analysis be utilised when considering the application of the right.
title: The Non-Official British in India, 1883-1920.
Creators: name: Renford, Raymond Kevin
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1979

description: The history of India from the mid-1880's to independence was at one time presented as a straightforward struggle for power between Hindu and Muslim nationalists and British officialdom. Of late there has been more attention to the complexities of the Indian side of that struggle - the pulls of provincialism, the emergence of new leaderships as the levels at which politics operated were altered, Muslim divisions between those who saw Pakistan as a threat to religious life and those who saw it as its precondition. But there has been less attention to the British side - scarcely any, indeed, to the role played by the small but influential non-official British [European] community in India. It is the purpose of this thesis to throw light on the political, economic, social and religious activities of this complex non-official community, on its composition and its performance as a pressure group from the years immediately precedent to the founding of the Indian National Congress to the Montagu-Chelmsford era. The prologue reviews in outline the community's development down to the 1880's. Chapter II discusses the emergence of the community's political arm - the European and Anglo-Indian Defence Association - in 1883 as a result of the Ilbert Bill controversy, and the next chapter the later roles of this association down to the beginning of the twentieth century. Chapter IV examines the impact of the business segment of the community and Chapter V discusses constitutional, civil service and later Defence Association developments - all down to World War I. The final chapter provides a broad analysis of the community's activities over the years 1914 to 1920.
title: The Administration of Warfare: The Supply and Provisioning of the Ottoman Army in Hungary, 1593-1606.
Creators: name: Finkel, Caroline
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1986

description: This study examines the administration of the Ottoman army during the series of military campaigns which were conducted annually against the Hapsburgs in Hungary between 1593 and 1606. In 1526 the Ottoman army under Suleyman the Magnificent beat the Hungarian army at the battle of Mohacs, resulting in a power struggle between the Ottomans and the Hapsburgs in Hungary. Between 1541 and 1566 the Ottomans established full control over the central part of the country through measures which included the taxation of the inhabitants and the garrisoning of strongholds. A peace treaty between Ottoman and Hapsburg was concluded in 1568, and a state of official peace existed until the renewed outbreak of war in 1593; after the treaty of Zsitvatorok in 1606, peace was again maintained until the 1660s. The introduction is followed by a short chapter outlining the events of the Ottoman presence in Hungary between 1526 and 1606; the main body of the study discusses how the Ottomans mobilised an army to fight on the northwest border of the Empire, kept this army fed, and attempted to ensure that sufficient money was available to fund it. The administration of the provision of three of the elements which comprise the logistic bases of warfare are therefore discussed in three Parts: in Part I, manpower; in Part II, food; and in Part III, finance. This study is based on contemporary Ottoman documents and chronicles. By asking of the contemporary Ottoman data the same sorts of questions as are asked of their material by historians of western Europe, it is hoped that those aspects of the Ottoman Empire with which we are here concerned may be better understood. It should thus become possible to escape from the broad generalisations which often characterise the views of those unfamiliar with the primary sources for Ottoman history. This is a study of a particular epoch in the history of Central Europe; it is an attempt to demonstrate the valuable contribution which Ottoman source material can make to European history.
title: Rural Production and Labour in the Western Cape, 1838-1888, With Special Reference to the Wheat Growing Districts.
Creators: name: Marincowitz, John Nicholas Carel
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1985

description: This thesis deals with aspects of the history of the rural western Cape between 1838 and 1888. In particular, it investigates the people and processes that were involved in producing wheat from emancipation until industrialization, mechanization and urbanization began to have an impact on the rural areas. The thesis focuses on a substantial part of the social and economic history of the western Cape after slavery, and this has been a neglected area in the historiography of nineteenth-century South Africa. Chapter one outlines some characteristics of wheat production and the labour force and situates these in the broader political economy of the Colony. It then describes the responses of the ex-slaves to emancipation. The chapter chronicles the growing tensions between ex-slaves who sought to reduce their dependency on farm wages and farmers who sought measures to ensure their proletarianization. These tensions culminated in the years 1848 to 1853 when the Colony hovered on the brink of civil war. Chapter two shows how farmers and labourers fared during periods of economic expansion, during the 1850s, and the depression of the 1860s. It also investigates changes in labour and land laws and the effects of these upon agrarian property and labour relations. Chapter three covers the period 1867 to 1880. It examines the privatization of particular mission stations and illustrates the importance of the missions as labour reservoirs. The chapter traces the development of the first commercial farmers' political organizations and links the emergence of exclusive provisions for farm workers in the Masters and Servants Laws with the political mobilization of agrarian capital. The chapter demonstrates the growing ability of regular farm workers to shift into casual labouring tenancies, and of casual workers to reduce dependency upon farm wages, as economic developments of the 1870s presented agrarian labour ' with a range of alternatives to farm work. The final chapter examines some of the economic, social and ideological ingredients of the transition from Farmers' Protection Societies to Afrikaner Bond. It explains the inability of farmers to compete on international markets as commodity producers or as purchasers of labour power. Included here, is an analysis of what were likely to have been the largest number of labourers in any single industry in the Colony, the grain harvesters. The thesis closes with a discussion on race and class in the western Cape.
JWST's first glimpse of a z > 2 forming cluster reveals a top-heavy stellar mass function
Creators: name: Sun, Hanwen
name: Wang, Tao
name: Xu, Ke
name: Daddi, Emanuele
name: Gu, Qing
name: Kodama, Tadayuki
name: Zanella, Anita
name: Elbaz, David
name: Tanaka, Ichi
name: Gobat, Raphael
name: Guo, Qi
name: Han, Jiaxin
name: Lu, Shiying
name: Zhou, Luwenjia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Clusters and their progenitors (protoclusters) at z = 2-4, the peak epoch of star formation, are ideal laboratories to study the formation process of both the clusters themselves and their member galaxies. However, a complete census of their member galaxies has been challenging due to observational difficulties. Here we present new JWST/NIRCam observations targeting the distant cluster CLJ1001 at z = 2.51 from the COSMOS-Web program, which, in combination with previous narrowband imaging targeting H-alpha emitters and deep millimeter surveys of CO emitters, provide a complete view of massive galaxy assembly in CLJ1001. In particular, JWST reveals a population of massive, extremely red cluster members in the long-wavelength bands that were invisible in previous Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/F160W imaging (HST-dark members). Based on this highly complete spectroscopic sample of member galaxies, we show that the spatial distribution of galaxies in CLJ1001 exhibits a strong central concentration, with the central galaxy density already resembling that of low-z clusters. Moreover, we reveal a "top-heavy" stellar mass function for the star-forming galaxies (SFGs), with an overabundance of massive SFGs piled up in the cluster core. These features strongly suggest that CLJ1001 is caught in a rapid transition, with many of its massive SFGs likely soon becoming quiescent. In the context of cluster formation, these findings suggest that the earliest clusters form from the inside out and top to bottom, with the massive galaxies in the core assembling first, followed by the less massive ones in the outskirts.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, published by ApJL
Multipolar magnetism in $5d^2$ vacancy-ordered halide double perovskites
Creators: name: Pradhan, Koushik
name: Paramekanti, Arun
name: Saha-Dasgupta, Tanusri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vacancy-ordered halide double perovskites hosting 4d/5d transition metals have emerged as a distinct platform for investigating unconventional magnetism arising out of the interplay of strong atomic spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and Coulomb interactions. Focusing on the $d^2$ system Cs$_2$WCl$_6$, our ab initio electronic structure calculation reveals very narrow electronic bands, fulfilling the necessary condition to realize exotic orders. Using this input, we solve the many-body spin-orbit coupled single-site problem by exact diagonalization and show that the multiplet structure of Cs$_2$WCl$_6$ hosts ground non-Kramers doublets on W, with vanishing dipole moment and a small gap to an excited magnetic triplet. Our work provides the rationale for the observed strong deviation from the classic Kotani behaviour in Cs$_2$WCl$_6$ for the measured temperature dependence of the magnetic moment. The non-Kramers doublets on W exhibit non-zero quadrupolar and octupolar moments, and our calculated two-site exchange supports the dominance of inter-site octupolar exchange over quadrupolar interactions. We predict ferro-octupolar order with a transition temperature $T_c \sim 5$K which may get somewhat suppressed by quantum fluctuations and disorder; this could be tested in future low-temperature experiments.
description: 8 pages, 5 figs, submitted to PRB
title: French Attitudes and Policies Towards Islam in West Africa, c. 1900-1940.
Creators: name: Harrison, Christopher Howard Gordon
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1985

description: This thesis describes the development in French intellectual understanding of the nature of Islam in West Africa and analyses the policies adopted by successive colonial administrations towards Muslims in the French West African Federation. Three broad periods are identified and illustrated with a selection of case studies. The first period (c. 1900 - 1915) was one characterised by great uncertainty about the nature of Islam and by suspicion and fear of its power. French metropolitan political battles combined with the spirit of pre-war international diplomacy to create a climate which favoured conspiracy theories, and these were reflected in attitudes towards Islam. The political dangers that had become apparent in this essentially hostile attitude and the loyalty of African Muslims to France at the outbreak of the First World War contributed to a reassessment of policy. This is described in the second part of the thesis covering the years 1914 - 1920 which saw major advances in French knowledge of Islam. Above all these advances were due to the work of Paul Marty, the Director of the Department of Muslim Affairs in French West Africa. His in-depth studies of Muslim societies provided the administration with the information and the confidence necessary to construct alliances with a wide range of Muslim leaders. At the same time the influence of Durkheimian theories of religion was reflected in an increasingly sophisticated perception of non-Muslim societies and in a view of African Islam which stressed its pre-Islamic foundations. The third and final period (1920 - 1940) was one in which the Russian Revolution and the growth of nationalism in Africa and Asia caused a certain amount of anxiety about Islam but in which, nonetheless, French dependence upon a number of Muslim leaders was the most striking aspect of Franco-Islamic relations. The highly personalised nature of this relationship survived until the end of the colonial era.
title: The Impact of Central Banking Legislation on the Economic Growth of Commonwealth African Countries With Particular Reference to Nigeria.
Creators: name: Chigbue, Michael Dumbili
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1985

description: The purpose of this Thesis is to investigate whether there is real need for the selected anglophone African countries: Nigeria, Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia, to have a central bank in their countries and whether they should be autonomous institutions or arms of governments and whether in their role as the apex banking institutions these banks as well as the applicable laws have effectively promoted economic stability and growth or reverse. The thesis, in its ten chapters, surveys the historical development of money in Africa; developments in banking and central banking before and after the advent of colonialism sin these countries. It examined the legal structures of these banks; traced the sources of their organic and subsidiary laws and identified the objectives of legislation as seen by the nationalists of these countries before political independence. The thesis also sought to establish whether government representation on the boards; subordination of these banks to governments; political appointments of the governors and board members had impeded or enhanced economic development in the countries; and whether the lack of functional qualifications of board members and the use or lack of use of the implied powers of the boards had any impact on the performances of the banks. The service, developmental, monetary management and other functions of central banks and their performances in these functions were critically examined. The broad conclusion is that a monetary authority be it an association of commercial banks as in Hong Kong, is necessary and desirable in an economy but the pattern of organisation of central banking in advanced countries is not well adapted to the needs and circumstances of the countries surveyed. Many far-reaching reforms have been proposed which would match the level of development of these countries and ultimately conduce, it is hoped, to progressive economic growth. The Central Bank of Nigeria was the model.
title: Sir Charles Wood's Indian Policy, 1853-1866.
Creators: name: Moore, Robin James
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1964

description: Sir Charles Wood's presidency of the Board of Control (1853-1855) coincided with the dawning of an age of reform. Wood's Government of India Act reformed the Indian legislature, abolished the civil patronage and provided for establishing a law commission in England. Prompted by educationalists, Wood closed Haileybury College and opened the civil service to university graduates. Advised by reformers of long Indian experience, he issued his famous education despatch. Under pressure from the Manchester school, he prosecuted public works and railways vigorouslyland pursued a pacific diplomatic policy. As Secretary of State after the mutiny (1859-1866), Wood was faced with reconstructing the foundations of British rule. Regarding the reduction and improvement of the military forces as essential to financial and military stability, he demanded retrenchments and, though opposed by his Council and by Canning, abolished the Local European army. Partly to win the support of prominent Indians, he endorsed Canning's "conciliatory" policy - the "adoption despatch", the delegation of administrative functions to landlords, and the nomination of Indian legislative councillors. Seeking to avoid friction between Indians and English settlers, and having a Whiggish regard for liberty and property, he was concerned to safeguard civil rights and customary rights to land. He consolidated Britain's 121, and preserved Indians from exploitation, by exercising fully his overriding authority. However, he failed to provide adequately for social and economic regeneration. Though he favoured extending the permanent settlement and constructing irrigation works, his failure to establish a new and elastic source of revenue led him to retard these improvements. Again, his attachment to the doctrines of laissez-faire and self-help undermined his good intentions with regard to education and railways. His policy reflects many of the strengths and weaknesses of mid-Victorian Whiggery.
title: The Formation of British Land Revenue Policy in the Ceded and Conquered Provinces of Northern India, 1801-1833.
Creators: name: Husain, Mohammed Imtiaz
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1964

description: British land revenue policy in the Ceded and Conquered Provinces, has five distinct phases, and a chapter is devoted to each. Chapter One examines the early years of the policy (1801-07) when the Bengal influence was dominant. At this stage, an insignificant awareness of the local situation existed. Despite the shortcomings of the early arrangements, a beginning was made in resolving the deplorable state of affairs inherited from former rulers. Chapter Two (1807-15) analyses the reasons for the rejection of the permanent settlement announced in the early years. During this period the influence of the Home Authorities was decisive. As an alternative to the permanent settlement, a periodical settlement based on Adam Smith's ideas, was proposed by the Court of Directors. Chapter Three (1813-22) shows the emergence of the new plan of settlement. This plan was developed in Bengal, although the influence of the Home Authorities was behind it. Chapter Four (1822-33) explains the arrangements epitomised in Regulation VII of 1822 and examines the failure of settlements under it. In the Fifth Chapter, the revision of policy which was finalised in 1833, is examined. This had become necessary in consequence of the failure of Regulation VII of 1822. The arrangement of 1833 was essentially the contribution of Lord William Bentinck. The present work is primarily based on a study of the unpublished records of the East India Company and the private papers of several administrators of British India.
title: British Policy Towards the Pathans and the Pindaris in Central India, 1805-1818.
Creators: name: Ghosh, Biswanath
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1964

description: From the late eighteenth century loose bodies of light horsemen had hung about the skirts of the Maratha armies, slowly developing from mere hangers-on to recognised auxiliaries of the Maratha chiefs, and even, as with the Pathan forces of Amir Khan, as their agents. After Wellesley's campaigns had broken the regular Maratha armies, and reduced the power of the Maratha chiefs, the Pathans and Pindaris extended their scope and numbers until, despite checks administered by Andia, they became rivals threatening the resources or even the existence of the Marathas. In face of this development of large armies of free plunderers in Central India the Company first showed itself rigidly defensive and isolationist. This policy, dictated by the stresses of the Napoleonic War, the financial and administrative consequences of rapid British expansion in India under Wellesley and by the attitude of the Court of Directors was clung to from 1805 to 1809. Under Minto, preoccupied though he was with affairs outside India, the defensive system became less rigid, so that where once the Company showed itself unwilling even to employ the subsidiary forces with the Nizam or with the Peshwa in the de2ence of its allies' territories by the end of Minto's Governor-Generalship British military aid 'Lad been freely offered to the Nagpur state in repelling the Pathan attack. The discussion of this gradual change in policy forms the heart of the thesis. From the arrival of Moira, later created Lord Hastings, the shift towards a more active policy against the Pathans and Pindaris, and a reshaping of the Company's relations with the Maratha chiefs became a positive, rather than a mere reflex action. The final chapters illustrate the winning over of the Council in Calcutta and of the Authorities in London to Hastings' point of view, the carrying out of a successful military campaign to destroy the predatory system, and the measures taken to resettle the freebooters so as to make impossible any revival of their power.
title: "Manhalu'l-Safi" by Shaykh Daud al-Fatani as a Specimen of Malay Kitab-Literature of 18-19cc. Text, Translation and Analysis.
Creators: name: Badaruddin, Faudzinaim
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1998

description: The subject of this thesis is a Malay work entitled Manhalu'l-Safi. The work was written by Shaykh Daud al-Fatani, one of the famous Malay authors, who wrote in the most prolific manner ever seen in the history of Islamic literature of the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago. The main objective of this thesis is to present the text in the form of transliteration and translation, together with content analysis. The motive for the latter is to prove that the teachings of this work are not isolated in term of Sufi teaching in the Muslim world in general. They have, however, been presented in a form of summary for the purpose of educating the Malays in the subject of Sufism. This study also aims to demonstrate the important role of Daud, through this work, as a transmitter of Islamic knowledge to the Malay people in the Malay-Indonesian archipelago. The thesis is arranged into five chapters. An explanation of the methodological approach of the study undertaken is formulated in the introduction. Chapter one will include a brief discussion on the Islamisation of the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago, the emergence of the speculative Sufism, the source of the doctrine of Martabat Tujuh and its dissemination in the region. A biographical account of the life of Daud al-Fatani and his works is given in chapter two. In chapter three, discussion is focused on the Manhalu'l-Safi which includes the date of the work and its sources. The main part of the dissertation is chapter four. Therein, a description of all the extant MSS of the work is given. It is followed by a description of the philological method used in the edition of the text. Then, a selected manuscript of the work is transliterated, translated and provided with critical apparatus. In chapter five, an interpretation of the Sufi concepts elaborated in the work is offered. Finally, results drawn out of this study is given in the conclusion.
title: The Dynamics of Bilingual Adult Literacy in Africa: A Case Study of Kom, Cameroon.
Creators: name: Kamdem, Jean Seraphin
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 2010

description: This thesis investigates, describes and analyses adult literacy in local languages in Africa, with a focus on Kom, a rural community situated in the North West province of Cameroon. The thesis presents the motivations, relevance, importance and aims of the research; then gives an overview of the national and local backgrounds, namely Cameroon and Kom. A detailed description is given of the multilingual landscape and language use in formal education, the development of writing systems for Cameroonian languages, the official literacy activities at the national level, and the Kom language and community. The thesis discusses the philosophical and conceptual frameworks of the research, namely the naturalistic and critical approaches adopted, and the ethnographic approach used in data collection and the theoretical analysis. It also describes key literacy institutions in Cameroon, such as NACALCO and SIL. Four primary domains are investigated as they pertain to adult literacy: organisational issues, i.e. literacy implementation, didactic materials, literacy teaching, and social meanings and values mediated by literacy. The thesis explores the organisation and implementation of literacy in Kom, examining KLDC's operational life and activities, and the literacy classes and monitors. Local publications, such as pre-primers, primers, post-primers, arithmetic manuals, reading and writing books, various Christian publications, and some functional booklets on agriculture and health are discussed, examining their place and use in the Kom literacy programme. The thesis also examines the socio-cultural meanings and values of literacy in Kom. The research shows that adult literacy mediates some community identities and values, through local agency and the institutional development of the KLDC. Adult literacy in Kom also mediates new social statuses, and grants new socio-cultural power to neo-literates. For Christian neo-literate church goers, adult literacy mediates spiritual development. Through the written use and promotion of the local language, adult literacy also increases the symbolic capital attached to local languages.
title: The Entitlement of Females Under Section 14 of the (Indian) Hindu Succession Act, 1956.
Creators: name: Ahmed, Zainab
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1985

description: This thesis is an in-depth study of the vicissitudes of the property rights of the Hindu female, and the eventual enactment of s. 14 of the [Indian] Hindu Succession Act, 1956, under which she was accorded the right, for the first time, to be the absolute owner of any property legally in her possession. In dealing with Article 44 of the Indian Constitution and the egalitarianism inherent in it, Chapter One introduces the background to, and the provisions of, the "Hindu Code", of which s. 14 is an integral part, as it also draws attention to the pressing necessity in India for the promulgation of a uniform civil code. Chapter Two is a study of the traditional concept of widowhood in the light of sastric injunctions, and the ambivalence in attitudes towards the widow and her remarriage in present-day India. Chapter Three explores the characteristics of the "limited estate", a system of female inheritance peculiar to Anglo-Hindu Jurisprudence, while the right to maintenance prior to the Hindu Adoptions and Mainte-nance Act, 1956, and as interpreted in case-law, has been enumerated in Chapter Four. Chapter Five examines the Hindu Women's Rights to Property Act, 1937, the express purpose of which was to give "better rights" to women, its effects on the inheritance pattern generally, and its drawbacks. Chapter Six is a study of s. 14, its successful effects, as also the problems of construction with special reference to the difficulties encountered in the judicial interpretation of sub-s. (2) of s. 14. The concluding chapter out the salient features of the work, and offers suggestions how best to resolve, either judicially, the areas of ambiguity, or by legislative amendment, such anomalies as have inadvertently crept in through oversight and as a consequence of piecemeal legislation.
Exploring the potential of ferulic acid-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: angiotensin inhibition via docking, formulation and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics studies
Creators: name: Meshram, Preeti Rajabhau
name: Ranpise, Nisharani Sudhakar
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Ferulic acid (FA) is a natural phenolic compound that has been documented for its antioxidant properties and potential in managing hypertension. However, its use is limited due to poor solubility and permeability (BCS Class IV classification). To overcome this, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) of FA were developed using the emulsification probe sonication technique, with formulation optimized through Box-Behnken design. The optimized FA-NLCs (F12) demonstrated a particle size of 103.4 nm, zeta potential of −43.6 mV, polydispersity index of 0.531, and entrapment efficiency of 88.9%. Key Findings of the research manifested, that during in-vitro release studies, FA-NLCs showed sustained release action (40.34% over 24 h) compared to plain FA (103.13% in 4 h). Pharmacokinetics of FA-NLC suggested that increased Cmax by 2.6-fold, AUC by 1.9-fold, and half-life significantly (p < .001), also Pharmacodynamics revealed that FA-NLCs reduced blood pressure more effectively (39.9 mmHg vs. 30.8 mmHg for plain FA; p < .001). Furthermore, FA-NLC was showing successful intestinal uptake through lymphatic absorption via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, bypassing first-pass metabolism, hence showed enhancement in bioavailability, Thus the study concluded that FA-NLCs significantly improve therapeutic efficacy and sustained blood pressure reduction compared to plain FA.
title: British Policy in the Malay Peninsula 1880-1909.
Creators: name: Thio, Eunice
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1956

description: British policy in the Malay Peninsula reflected two aspects of late nineteenth century imperialism. There was firstly, the extension of control over territories suited to economic development and in which Britain had strategic interests; and secondly, the welding of dependencies into larger units and the tightening of their bonds with Britain. Thus during the period 1880-1909, the Negri Sembilan, Pahang, Johore, Kelantan, Trengganu, Kedah and Perlis became British protectorates, and the states in the southern portion of the Peninsula extent Johore, were "federated" in 1896. This thesis is in part a study of these developments. It also shows that underlying Britain's Malayan policy were three principles of her policy in Asia: the safety of the sea route to the Far East, the security of India's frontiers and the promotion of trade. The extent to which Whitehall's concern to prevent any other Power from securing a foothold in the Malay States or the off-shore islands between Singapore and Tenasserim shaped policy, is a story which has not been told. Similarly, while it is well known that throughout the Victorian era India's interests dominated British foreign policy in south Asia and the adjacent territories, the way in which they conditioned Britain's attitude towards the Siamese Malay States is less known. The period was one of intense international rivalry for the trade and control of overseas territories. Hence another function of the following chapters is to describe how European competition in the Indo-Chinese Peninsula, and French, German, Russian and other interest in the Malay Peninsula as a possible field for their enterprise or a site for a naval station, influenced British policy.
Anti-GPC3 antibody and cell-penetrating peptide CPP44 dual-ligand modified liposomes for targeted delivery of arsenic trioxide in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Creators: name: Lin, Congcong
name: Sun, Jiamin
name: Yang, Yun
name: Pan, Xinyao
name: Sun, Yifan
name: Sun, Bin
name: Gan, Chunli
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biochemistry
Space Science
Medicine
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Arsenic trioxide (ATO), the active ingredient in Chinese arsenic, effectively inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell growth, but its clinical application is limited by the lack of a targeted delivery system. Phosphatidylinositol proteoglycan 3 (GPC3) is specifically expressed in HCC, and CPP44 is a cell-penetrating peptide that targets HCC cells. Here, we developed a liposome incorporating ATO with dual surface modifications of anti-GPC3 antibody and CPP44. The system was firstly enriched and localised at the liver tumour site through passive targeting by EPR and active targeting by specific binding of anti-GPC3 antibody to GPC3 protein. CPP44 then facilitated ATO penetration into HCC cells. Specifically, we first employed computational modelling to demonstrate that the covalently-coupled antibody maintained its binding ability to the GPC3 antigen. Subsequent experimental assays revealed that Dl-ATO-Lp exhibited higher cell uptake rate and stronger tumour cell killing effect. In an HCC mouse model, Dl-ATO-Lp achieved effective tumour targeting, with a tumour inhibition rate of 63.43%. This dual-ligand liposome system enhances the targeted delivery and therapeutic efficacy of ATO, offering a promising direction for solid tumour therapy and advancing the clinical application of ATO.
Generation and high-resolution imaging of higher-order polarization via metasurface
Creators: name: Yuan, Xiang
name: Guo, Hanming
name: Zhuang, Songlin
name: Hu, Jinbing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generation and focusing properties of higher-order polarized beams have attracted lots of interests due to its significant applications. In this paper,we derived the formula of transforming linear polarization into higher-order polarization, which is applicable to generating arbitrary order polarization. Based on the derived formula, the focusing properties of higher-order polarization by dielectric metasurface lens are studied , which exhibit an Abbe-limit-breaking feature for small numerical aperture, i.e., NA<0.6. When a binary phase (0 & π) is further imposed on the aperture of metasurface lens, the focusing spot of fourth-order polarization breaks Abbe limit even by 14.3% at NA= 0.6. In addition, the effect of fabrication tolerance, say, substrate thickness and central deviation, on the focusing feature of higher-order polarization is also investigated. Our study may find significant applications in achieving higher-resolution lithography and imaging, say, by just replacing conventional linear or circular polarization with higher-order polarization.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Development of linagliptin-loaded liposomes using aspartic acid conjugate for bone-targeted delivery to combat osteoporosis
Creators: name: Nirwan, Nikita
name: Anjaneyulu, Yakkala Prasanna
name: Sultana, Yasmin
name: Vohora, Divya
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disorder that requires new treatment strategies. Linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is a proven osteogenic agent in diabetes-linked bone loss. However, poor solubility, low oral bioavailability and inadequate bone-targeting limit its use in osteoporosis. We have successfully developed the bone-targeted liposomes of linagliptin using an aspartic acid conjugate, that is poly (aspartic acid-co-lactide)-1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho ethanolamine (PAL-DPPE), which was prior synthesised and identified using FTIR and NMR. Liposomes were evaluated for particle size, encapsulation efficacy, drug loading and release study in addition to in vitro hydroxyapatite binding ability. To determine the anti-osteoporosis effect of liposomes, in vivo testing was performed in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis model in mice. Bone targeted liposomes of linagliptin having particle size of 281.7 nm and hydroxyapatite affinity of 89% significantly improved the bone architecture parameters and bone mineral density in micro-computed tomography analysis. Further, these liposomes positively modulated sclerostin, bone morphogenetic protein-2, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta/osteoprotegerin ratio and other bone turnover biomarkers. The findings demonstrate that aspartic acid conjugate (PAL-DPPE)-based bone-targeted liposomes of linagliptin hold promise for the treatment of osteoporosis. Moreover, the possible mechanistic pathways involved here is Wnt and AMPK pathway.