cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Non-Thermal Radio and Gamma-Ray Emission from a Supernova Remnant by the Blast Wave Breaking Out of the Circumstellar Matter
Creators: name: Shimizu, Takafumi
name: Masai, Kuniaki
name: Koyama, Katsuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate synchrotron radio emission and gamma-ray emission due to bremsstrahlung, inverse-Compton scattering and $pi^0$-decay from the remnant of supernova which exploded in the circumstellar matter (CSM) formed by the progenitor's stellar wind. This sort of situation is a possible origin of mixed-morphology supernova remnants (SNRs) like W49B, which exhibit recombination-radiation spectra in X-ray emission. We assume that the CSM of 1.5 $M_{odot}$ exists at 0.07--3 pc away from the supernova in the interstellar medium (ISM) of density 0.016 cm$^{-3}$. When the blast wave breaks out of the CSM into the ISM, its velocity rapidly increases and hence particle acceleration is enhanced. The maximum energy of protons reaches $sim$ 1300 TeV just after the break-out with $sim$ 0.5% of the explosion energy. We consider the non-thermal emission from the blast-shocked ISM shell after the break-out. Synchrotron radio flux at 1 GHz is tens Jy, comparable to the observed from mixed-morphology SNRs. Because of low density, the gamma-ray luminosity is dominated by inverse-Compton scattering, which is higher than the $pi^0$-decay luminosity by an order of magnitude. The total gamma-ray luminosity including bremsstrahlung is of the order of $10^{33}$ erg s$^{-1}$ lower than the typical value $10^{35}$--$10^{36}$ erg s$^{-1}$ observed from mixed-morphology SNRs. However, if, e.g., $sim$10% of accelerated protons interact with some matter of density $sim$100 cm$^{-3}$, $pi^0$-decay gamma-ray luminosity would be enhanced to be comparable with the observed value.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ; corrected metadata
Uvaria muricata Pierre ex Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen. - Fam. 6: 23 1901
Creators: name: Couvreur, Thomas L. P.
name: Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J.
name: Crozier, Francoise
name: Ghogue, Jean-Paul
name: Hoekstra, Paul H.
name: Kamdem, Narcisse G.
name: Johnson, David M.
name: Murray, Nancy A.
name: Sonke, Bonaventure
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliales
Annonaceae
Uvaria
Uvaria muricata

description: Uvaria muricata Pierre ex Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 23, 1901 Type. Gabon. Estuaire; Environ de Libreville, Klaine T.-J. 550, 1896: holotype: B[B 10 0153099]; isotypes: P[P00362733, P00362731]. Only var. Uvaria muricata yalingensis is known from Cameroon to date.
description: Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on page 361, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432
Probabilistic fair behaviors spark its boost in the Ultimatum Game: the strength of good Samaritans
Creators: name: Zheng, Guozhong
name: Zhang, Jiqiang
name: Liang, Rizhou
name: Ma, Lin
name: Chen, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Behavioral experiments on the Ultimatum Game have shown that we human beings have remarkable preference in fair play, contradicting the predictions by the game theory. Most of the existing models seeking for explanations, however, strictly follow the assumption of \emph{Homo economicus} in orthodox Economics that people are self-interested and fully rational to maximize their earnings. Here we relax this assumption by allowing that people probabilistically choose to be "good Samaritans", acting as fair players from time to time. For well-mixed and homogeneously structured populations, we numerically show that as this probability increases the level of fairness undergoes from the low scenario abruptly to the full fairness state, where occasional fair behaviors ($\sim5\%$) are sufficient to drive the whole population to behave in the half-half split manner. We also develop a mean-field theory, which correctly reproduces the first-order phase transition and points out that the bistability is an intrinsic property of this game and small fair acts lead to dramatical change due to its bifurcation structure. Heterogeneously structured populations, however, display continuous fairness transition; surprisingly, very few hub nodes acting as fair players are able to entrain the whole population to the full fairness state. Our results thus reveal the unexpected strength of "good Samaritans", which may constitute a new explanation for the emergence of fairness in our society.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Transformer Grammars: Augmenting Transformer Language Models with Syntactic Inductive Biases at Scale
Creators: name: Sartran, Laurent
name: Barrett, Samuel
name: Kuncoro, Adhiguna
name: Stanojević, Miloš
name: Blunsom, Phil
name: Dyer, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce Transformer Grammars (TGs), a novel class of Transformer language models that combine (i) the expressive power, scalability, and strong performance of Transformers and (ii) recursive syntactic compositions, which here are implemented through a special attention mask and deterministic transformation of the linearized tree. We find that TGs outperform various strong baselines on sentence-level language modeling perplexity, as well as on multiple syntax-sensitive language modeling evaluation metrics. Additionally, we find that the recursive syntactic composition bottleneck which represents each sentence as a single vector harms perplexity on document-level language modeling, providing evidence that a different kind of memory mechanism -- one that is independent of composed syntactic representations -- plays an important role in current successful models of long text.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables and 1 algorithm. To appear in TACL, to be presented at EMNLP 2022
On the redshift evolution (0 < z < 4) of dust attenuation and of the total (UV+IR) star formation rate density
Creators: name: Burgarella, D.
name: Buat, V.
name: Gruppioni, C.
name: Cucciati, O.
name: Heinis, S.
name: Berta, S.
name: Bethermin, M.
name: Bock, J.
name: Cooray, A.
name: Dunlop, J. S.
name: Farrah, D.
name: Franceschini, A.
name: Floc'h, E. Le
name: Lutz, D.
name: Magnelli, B.
name: Nordon, R.
name: Oliver, S. J.
name: Page, M. J.
name: Popesso, P.
name: Pozzi, F.
name: Riguccini, L.
name: Vaccari, M.
name: Viero, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using new homogeneous LFs in the FUV and in the FIR Herschel/PEP and Herschel/HerMES, we study the evolution of the dust attenuation with redshift. With this information in hand, we are able to estimate the redshift evolution of the total (FUV + FIR) star formation rate density SFRD_TOT. By integrating SFRD_TOT, we follow the mass building and analyze the redshift evolution of the stellar mass density (SMD). This letter aims at providing a complete view of star formation from the local universe to z = 4 and, using assumptions on earlier star formation history, compares this evolution to what was known before in an attempt to draw a homogeneous picture of the global evolution of star formation in galaxies. The main conclusions of this letter are: 1) the dust attenuation A_FUV is found to increase from z = 0 to z \sim 1.2 and then starts to decrease up to our last data point at z = 3.6; 2) the estimated SFRD confirms published results up to z = 2. At z > 2, we observe either a plateau or a small increase up to z = 3 and then a likely decrease up to z = 3.6; 3) the peak of A_FUV is delayed with respect to the plateau of SFRD_TOT and a likely origin might be found in the evolution of the bright ends of the FUV and FIR LFs; 4) using assumptions (namely exponential rise and linear rise with time) for the evolution of the star formation density from z = 3.6 to z_form = 10, we integrate SFRD_TOT and find a good agreement with the published SMDs.
description: Minor revisions and letter accepted for publication in A&A. Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA
Water loss from terrestrial planets with CO2-rich atmospheres
Creators: name: Wordsworth, Robin
name: Pierrehumbert, Raymond
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Water photolysis and hydrogen loss from the upper atmospheres of terrestrial planets is of fundamental importance to climate evolution but remains poorly understood in general. Here we present a range of calculations we performed to study the dependence of water loss rates from terrestrial planets on a range of atmospheric and external parameters. We show that CO2 can only cause significant water loss by increasing surface temperatures over a narrow range of conditions, with cooling of the middle and upper atmosphere acting as a bottleneck on escape in other circumstances. Around G-stars, efficient loss only occurs on planets with intermediate CO2 atmospheric partial pressures (0.1 to 1 bar) that receive a net flux close to the critical runaway greenhouse limit. Because G-star total luminosity increases with time but XUV/UV luminosity decreases, this places strong limits on water loss for planets like Earth. In contrast, for a CO2-rich early Venus, diffusion limits on water loss are only important if clouds caused strong cooling, implying that scenarios where the planet never had surface liquid water are indeed plausible. Around M-stars, water loss is primarily a function of orbital distance, with planets that absorb less flux than ~270 W/m^2 (global mean) unlikely to lose more than one Earth ocean of H2O over their lifetimes unless they lose all their atmospheric N2/CO2 early on. Because of the variability of H2O delivery during accretion, our results suggest that many 'Earth-like' exoplanets in the habitable zone may have ocean-covered surfaces, stable CO2/H2O-rich atmospheres, and high mean surface temperatures.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ with minor revisions
title: Mariage
Creators: name: Mouton, Léa
Publisher: name: Pangloss
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Linguistique
subject: Hmong noir

description: L'enregistrement s'ouvre sur une présentation de la locutrice qui s'adresse à la chercheure. La locutrice traduit les premières phrases produites, puis enchaîne sur un monologue. La majeure partie de l'enregistrement raconte la tradition du mariage chez les Hmong
Disorder-free localization with Stark gauge protection
Creators: name: Lang, Haifeng
name: Hauke, Philipp
name: Knolle, Johannes
name: Grusdt, Fabian
name: Halimeh, Jad C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Disorder-free localization in translation-invariant gauge theories presents a counterintuitive yet powerful framework of ergodicity breaking in quantum many-body physics. The fragility of this phenomenon in the presence of gauge-breaking errors has recently been addressed, but no scheme has been able to reliably stabilize disorder-free localization through all accessible evolution times while preserving the disorder-free property. Here, we introduce the concept of \textit{Stark gauge protection}, which entails a linear sum in gauge-symmetry local (pseudo)generators weighted by a Stark potential. Using exact diagonalization and Krylov-based methods, we show how this scheme can stabilize or even enhance disorder-free localization against gauge-breaking errors in $\mathrm{U}(1)$ and $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theories up to all accessible evolution times, without inducing \textit{bona fide} Stark many-body localization. We show through a Magnus expansion that the dynamics under Stark gauge protection is described by an effective Hamiltonian where gauge-breaking terms are suppressed locally by the protection strength and additionally by the matter site index, which we argue is the main reason behind stabilizing the localization up to all accessible times. Our scheme is readily feasible in modern ultracold-atom experiments and Rydberg-atom setups with optical tweezers.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, journal article
Training-free hyperparameter optimization of neural networks for electronic structures in matter
Creators: name: Fiedler, Lenz
name: Hoffmann, Nils
name: Mohammed, Parvez
name: Popoola, Gabriel A.
name: Yovell, Tamar
name: Oles, Vladyslav
name: Ellis, J. Austin
name: Rajamanickam, Siva
name: Cangi, Attila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A myriad of phenomena in materials science and chemistry rely on quantum-level simulations of the electronic structure in matter. While moving to larger length and time scales has been a pressing issue for decades, such large-scale electronic structure calculations are still challenging despite modern software approaches and advances in high-performance computing. The silver lining in this regard is the use of machine learning to accelerate electronic structure calculations -- this line of research has recently gained growing attention. The grand challenge therein is finding a suitable machine-learning model during a process called hyperparameter optimization. This, however, causes a massive computational overhead in addition to that of data generation. We accelerate the construction of neural network models by roughly two orders of magnitude by circumventing excessive training during the hyperparameter optimization phase. We demonstrate our workflow for Kohn-Sham density functional theory, the most popular computational method in materials science and chemistry.
A Treatise on Stability of Autonomous and Non-autonomous Systems: Theory and Illustrative Practical Applications
Creators: name: Adhikari, Ratnadip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 37-01

description: Stability is a very important property of any physical system. By a stable system, we broadly mean that small disturbances either in the system inputs or in the initial conditions do not lead to large changes in the overall behavior of the system. To be of practical use, a system must have to be stable. The theory of stability is a vast, rapidly growing subject with prolific and innovative contributions from numerous researchers. As such, an introductory book that covers the basic concepts and minute details about this theory is essential. The primary aim of this book is to make the readers familiar with the various terminologies and methods related to the stability analysis of time-invariant (autonomous) and time-varying (non-autonomous) systems. A special treatment is given to the celebrated Liapunov's direct method which is so far the most widely used and perhaps the best method for determining the stability nature of both autonomous as well as non-autonomous systems. After discussing autonomous systems to a considerable extent, the book concentrates on the non-autonomous systems. From stability point of view, these systems are often quite difficult to manage. Also, unlike their autonomous counterparts, the non-autonomous systems often behave in peculiar manners which can make the analysts arrive at misleading conclusions. Due to these issues, this book attempts to present a careful and systematic study about the stability properties of non-autonomous systems.
description: 79 pages, 23 figures, book
Writhed Analytical Magnetic Flux Rope Model
Creators: name: Weiss, Andreas J.
name: Nieves-Chinchilla, Teresa
name: Möstl, Christian
name: Reiss, Martin A.
name: Amerstorfer, Tanja
name: Bailey, Rachel L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of magnetic clouds, within interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), are often well described by flux rope models. Most of these assume either a cylindrical or toroidal geometry. In some cases, these models are also capable of accounting for non-axisymmetric crosssections but they generally all assume axial invariance. It can be expected that any ICME, and its flux rope, will be deformed along its axis due to influences such as the solar wind. In this work, we aim to develop a writhed analytical magnetic flux rope model which would allow us to analytically describe a flux rope structure with varying curvature and torsion so that we are no longer constrained to a cylindrical or toroidal geometry. In this first iteration of our model we will solely focus on a circular cross-section of constant size. We describe our flux rope geometry in terms of a parametrized flux rope axis and a parallel transport frame. We derive expressions for the axial and poloidal magnetic field components under the assumption that the total axial magnetic flux is conserved. We find an entire class of possible solutions, which differ by the choice of integration constants, and present the results for a specific example. In general, we find that the twist of the magnetic field locally changes when the geometry deviates from a cylinder or torus. This new approach also allows us to generate completely new types of in situ magnetic field profiles which strongly deviate from those generated by cylindrical or toroidal models.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures
D5.2 Setup of communication and dissemination media
Creators: name: Mohnani, Pooja
name: Bassi, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Communication, Dissemination, Media

description: The PAROMA-MED Communication and Dissemination setup is designed to guide the consortium to communicate effectively to the general public and to distribute to a set of target audience relevant information and outcomes spreading knowledge and evidence-based results.
 This document details about the Setup of communication and dissemination media, such as the public website; it includes the project accounts on selected social media. It briefly also includes project vision, objectives, activities, expected outcomes and benefits, and points of contact.
 This activity aims at putting R&I project results to economic and social use demonstrating how EU funding contributes to tackling societal challenges. In addition, the consortium is committed with the transfer of knowledge and results to the ones that can best make use of it maximizing the impact of
 research, enabling the value of results to be potentially wider than its original focus.
Inverse nodal problems for Sturm-Liouville equation with nonlocal boundary conditions
Creators: name: Ozkan, A. Sİnan
name: Adalar, İbrahİm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, a Sturm--Liouville problem with some nonlocal boundary conditions of the Bitsadze-Samarskii type is studied. We show that the coefficients of the problem can be uniquely determined by a dense set of nodal points. Moreover, we give an algorithm for the reconstruction of the potential function and some other coefficients in the boundary conditions.
title: Dissecting the pay gap
Creators: name: Gërvalla, Xheraldina
Year: 2024

description: Das anhaltende Lohngefälle zwischen den Geschlechtern in verschiedenen Branchen wurde bereits eingehend untersucht, doch die Filmindustrie sticht durch ihre erheblichen Unterschiede bei der Bezahlung von Männern und Frauen hervor, insbesondere in Hollywood. Dieses Thema ist wegen des weitreichenden Einflusses der Filmindustrie auf kulturelle und gesellschaftliche Einstellungen von entscheidender Bedeutung. Der begrenzte Zugang zu Informationen über die Gehälter von Schauspielern hat es schwierig gemacht, dieses Lohngefälle vollständig zu verstehen und zu beseitigen. In meiner Dissertation untersuche ich das Ausmaß des geschlechtsspezifischen Lohngefälles bei Spitzenschauspielern und ermittle die wichtigsten Faktoren, die dazu beitragen. Die Analyse von zwei Datensätzen zeigt, dass das Geschlecht ein entscheidenderer Faktor bei Gehaltsentscheidungen ist als andere üblicherweise berücksichtigte Faktoren. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen, wie wichtig es ist, die Vergütungspraktiken in Hollywood neu zu bewerten, um geschlechtsspezifische Gehaltsunterschiede zu beseitigen.
description: The persistent gender wage gap across industries has been widely studied, yet the film industry stands out for its significant differences in how men and women are paid, especially in Hollywood. This issue is critical because of the film industry's broad impact on cultural and societal attitudes. Limited access to information about actors' salaries has made it difficult to fully understand and address this wage gap. My thesis explores the extent of the gender wage gap among top-performing actors and identifies the main factors that contribute to it. Analyzing two datasets, the research uncovers that gender is a more decisive factor in salary decisions than other commonly considered factors. The results underscore the importance of re-evaluating payment practices in Hollywood to address gender-based pay differences.
Simulation of Fractional Brownian Surfaces via Spectral Synthesis on Manifolds
Creators: name: Gelbaum, Zachary
name: Titus, Mathew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Using the spectral decomposition of the Laplace-Beltrami operator we simulate fractal surfaces as random series of eigenfunctions. This approach allows us to generate random fields over smooth manifolds of arbitrary dimension, generalizing previous work with fractional Brownian motion with multi-dimensional parameter. We give examples of surfaces with and without boundary and discuss implementation.
BV quantization of dynamical fuzzy spectral triples
Creators: name: Gaunt, James
name: Nguyen, Hans
name: Schenkel, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper provides a systematic study of gauge symmetries in the dynamical fuzzy spectral triple models for quantum gravity that have been proposed by Barrett and collaborators. We develop both the classical and the perturbative quantum BV formalism for these models, which in particular leads to an explicit homological construction of the perturbative quantum correlation functions. We show that the relevance of ghost and antifield contributions to such correlation functions depends strongly on the background Dirac operator $D_0$ around which one perturbs, and in particular on the amount of gauge symmetry that it breaks. This will be illustrated by studying quantum perturbations around 1.) the gauge-invariant zero Dirac operator $D_0=0$ in a general $(p,q)$-model, and 2.) a simple example of a non-trivial $D_0$ in the quartic $(0,1)$-model.
description: 22 pages. v2: Final version accepted for publication in Journal of Physics A
Intrinsic noise and discrete-time processes
Creators: name: Challenger, Joseph D.
name: Fanelli, Duccio
name: McKane, Alan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general formalism is developed to construct a Markov chain model that converges to a one-dimensional map in the infinite population limit. Stochastic fluctuations are therefore internal to the system and not externally specified. For finite populations an approximate Gaussian scheme is devised to describe the stochastic fluctuations in the non-chaotic regime. More generally, the stochastic dynamics can be captured using a stochastic difference equation, derived through an approximation to the Markov chain. The scheme is demonstrated using the logistic map as a case study.
description: Modified version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E Rapid Communications. New figures added
On the general family of third-order shape-invariant Hamiltonians related to generalized Hermite polynomials
Creators: name: Marquette, Ian
name: Zelaya, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work reports and classifies the most general construction of rational quantum potentials in terms of the generalized Hermite polynomials. This is achieved by exploiting the intrinsic relation between third-order shape-invariant Hamiltonians and the fourth Painlevé equation, such that the generalized Hermite polynomials emerge from the $-1/x$ and $-2x$ hierarchies of rational solutions. Such a relation unequivocally establishes the discrete spectrum structure, which, in general, is composed as the union of a finite- and infinite-dimensional sequence of equidistant eigenvalues separated by a gap. The two indices of the generalized Hermite polynomials determine the dimension of the finite sequence and the gap. Likewise, the complete set of eigensolutions can be decomposed into two disjoint subsets. In this form, the eigensolutions within each set are written as the product of a weight function defined on the real line times a polynomial. These polynomials fulfill a second-order differential equation and are alternatively determined from a three-term recurrence relation (second-order difference equation), the initial conditions of which are also fixed in terms of generalized Hermite polynomials.
A photometric study of the hot exoplanet WASP-19b
Creators: name: Lendl, M.
name: Gillon, M.
name: Queloz, D.
name: Alonso, R.
name: Fumel, A.
name: Jehin, E.
name: Naef, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: When the planet transits its host star, it is possible to measure the planetary radius and (with radial velocity data) the planet mass. For the study of planetary atmospheres, it is essential to obtain transit and occultation measurements at multiple wavelengths. Aims: We aim to characterize the transiting hot Jupiter WASP-19b by deriving accurate and precise planetary parameters from a dedicated observing campaign of transits and occultations. Methods: We have obtained a total of 14 transit lightcurves in the r'-Gunn, IC, z'-Gunn and I+z' filters and 10 occultation lightcurves in z'-Gunn using EulerCam on the Euler-Swiss telescope and TRAPPIST. We have also obtained one lightcurve through the narrow-band NB1190 filter of HAWK-I on the VLT measuring an occultation at 1.19 micron. We have performed a global MCMC analysis of all new data together with some archive data in order to refine the planetary parameters and measure the occultation depths in z'-band and at 1.19 micron. Results: We measure a planetary radius of R_p = 1.376 (+/-0.046) R_j, a planetary mass of M_p = 1.165 (+/-0.068) M_j, and find a very low eccentricity of e = 0.0077 (+/-0.0068), compatible with a circular orbit. We have detected the z'-band occultation at 3 sigma significance and measure it to be dF_z'= 352 (+/-116) ppm, more than a factor of 2 smaller than previously published. The occultation at 1.19 micron is only marginally constrained at dF_1190 = 1711 (+/-745) ppm. Conclusions: We have shown that the detection of occultations in the visible is within reach even for 1m class telescopes if a considerable number of individual events are observed. Our results suggest an oxygen-dominated atmosphere of WASP-19b, making the planet an interesting test case for oxygen-rich planets without temperature inversion.
description: Published in Astronomy & Astrophysics. 11 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables
title: Density estimation under differential privacy
Creators: name: Schiller, Dominik
Year: 2024

description: Diese Arbeit konzentriert sich auf den Histogramm-Dichte-Schätzer und untersucht seine Eigenschaften im klassischen Rahmen sowie im Hinblick auf Differential Privacy. Ein wichtiger Bestandteil der modernen Statistik ist die Wahrung der Privatsphäre, wobei dies im Allgemeinen einen Kompromiss zwischen Genauigkeit und Privatsphäre mit sich bringt. Es wurden zahlreiche Techniken zur Wahrung der Privatsphäre vorgeschlagen, eine relativ neue Entwicklung ist Differential Privacy, bei der an Stelle der original Daten, eine randomisierte Version herausgegeben wird. In diesem Zusammenhang bestimmen wir untere und obere Schranken für den minimax mean integrated squared error des Histogramm-Dichte-Schätzers sowohl für den klassischen, als auch für den Fall unter Differential Privacy.
description: This paper focuses on the histogram density estimator and examines its properties in the classical setting, as well as with regards to Differential Privacy. Preserving privacy is an important part of contemporary statistics, and it generally entails a trade-off between accuracy and privacy. Numerous techniques for preserving privacy have been proposed, a rather recent development is Differential Privacy, where one releases a randomized database. In this context we determine lower and upper bounds on the minimax mean integrated squared error of the histogram density estimator in both the classical and the differentially private setting.
A New Procedure for Microarray Experiments to Account for Experimental Noise and the Uncertainty of Probe Response
Creators: name: Pozhitkov, Alex E
name: Noble, Peter A
name: Bryk, Jaroslaw
name: Tautz, Diethard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Although microarrays are routine analysis tools in biomedical research, they still yield noisy output that often requires experimental confirmation. Many studies have aimed at optimizing probe design and statistical analysis to tackle this problem. However, less emphasis has been placed on controlling the noise inherent to the experimental approach. To address this problem, we investigate here a procedure that controls for such experimental variance and combine it with an assessment of probe performance. Two custom arrays were used to evaluate the procedure: one based on 25mer probes from an Affymetrix design and the other based on 60mer probes from an Agilent design. To assess experimental variance, all probes were replicated ten times. To assess probe performance, the probes were calibrated using a dilution series of target molecules and the signal response was fitted to an absorption model. We found that significant variance of the signal could be controlled by averaging across probes and removing probes that are nonresponsive. Thus, a more reliable signal could be obtained using our procedure than conventional approaches. We suggest that once an array is properly calibrated, absolute quantification of signals becomes straight forward, alleviating the need for normalization and reference hybridizations.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures
Canis latrans Say 1823
Creators: name: W. Christopher Wozencraft
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis latrans

description: Canis latrans Say, 1823. In James, Account Exped. Pittsburgh to Rocky Mtns, 1:168. TYPE LOCALITY: "Engineer cantonment" reported at "latitude 41°25'N, and longitude.,.95°47'30'W" (p. XVIII, vol. 2). Reported in Honacki et al. (1982) as " U.S.A., Nebraska, Washington Co., Engineer Cantonment, about 12 mi. (19.2 km) S. E. Blair". DISTRIBUTION: Originally may have occurred west of the Mississippi R., north to about 55°N, and south to Mexico City. Has extended its range north to N Alaska (USA), Northwest Territories, and Hudson Bay (Canada), approximately to 70°N, south to Costa Rica to approximately 10°N, and east to the Atlantic coast. Introduced in Florida and Georgia (Bekoff, 1977). SYNONYMS: cagottis H[amilton]. Smith, 1839; clepticus Elliot, 1903; dickeyi Nelson, 1932; estor Merriam, 1897; frustror Woodhouse, 1850; goldmani Merriam, 1904; hondurensis Goldman, 1936; impavidus Allen, 1903; jamesi Townsend, 1912; lestes Merriam, 1897; mearnsi Merriam, 1897; microdon Merriam, 1897; ochropus Eschscholtz, 1829; peninsulae Merriam, 1897; texensis Bailey, 1905; thamnos Jackson, 1949; umpquensis Jackson, 1949; vigilis Merriam, 1897. COMMENTS: Revised by Young (1951), and reviewed by Bekoff (1977, Mammalian Species, 79).
description: Published as part of W. Christopher Wozencraft, 1993, Order Carnivora, pp. 279-348 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 280, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7359191
description: {"references": ["Honacki, J. H., K. E. Kinman and J. W. Koeppl (eds.). 1982. Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference. Allen Press, Inc. and The Association of Systematics Collections, Lawrence, Kansas, 694 pp.", "Merriam, C. H. 1897. The generic names Ictis, Arctogale, and Arctogalidia. Science, 5: 302.", "Young, S. P. 1951. The clever coyote. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, 411 pp."]}
Persistent random walk with exclusion
Creators: name: Galanti, Marta
name: Fanelli, Duccio
name: Piazza, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modelling the propagation of a pulse in a dense {\em milieu} poses fundamental challenges at the theoretical and applied levels. To this aim, in this paper we generalize the telegraph equation to non-ideal conditions by extending the concept of persistent random walk to account for spatial exclusion effects. This is achieved by introducing an explicit constraint in the hopping rates, that weights the occupancy of the target sites. We derive the mean-field equations, which display nonlinear terms that are important at high density. We compute the evolution of the mean square displacement (MSD) for pulses belonging to a specific class of spatially symmetric initial conditions. The MSD still displays a transition from ballistic to diffusive behaviour. We derive an analytical formula for the effective velocity of the ballistic stage, which is shown to depend in a nontrivial fashion upon both the density (area) and the shape of the initial pulse. After a density-dependent crossover time, nonlinear terms become negligible and normal diffusive behaviour is recovered at long times.
description: Revised version accepted for publication in Europ. Phys. J. B
X(3872) is not a true molecule
Creators: name: Coito, Susana
name: Rupp, George
name: van Beveren, Eef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A solvable coordinate-space model is employed to study the $c\bar{c}$ component of the X(3872) wave function, by coupling a confined $^3P_1$ $c\bar{c}$ state to the almost unbound $S$-wave $D^0\bar{D}^{*0}$ channel via the $^3P_0$ mechanism. The two-component wave function is calculated for different values of the binding energy and the transition radius $a$, always resulting in a significant $c\bar{c}$ component. However, the long tail of the $D^0\bar{D}^{*0}$ wave function, in the case of small binding, strongly limits the $c\bar{c}$ probability, which roughly lies in the range 7-11%, for the average experimental binding energy of 0.16 MeV and $a$ between 2 and 3 GeV$^{-1}$. Furthermore, a reasonable value of 7.8 fm is obtained for the X(3872) r.m.s. radius at the latter binding energy, as well as an $S$-wave $D^0\bar{D}^{*0}$ scattering length of 11.6 fm. Finally, the $\mathcal{S}$-matrix pole trajectories as a function of coupling constant show that X(3872) can be generated either as a dynamical pole or as one connected to the bare $c\bar{c}$ confinement spectrum, depending on details of the model. From these results we conclude that X(3872) is not a genuine meson-meson molecule, nor actually any other mesonic system with non-exotic quantum numbers, due to inevitable mixing with the corresponding quark-antiquark states.
description: Revtex4, 10 pages, 4 figures, 8 plots, 7 tables; v2: SVJour Document Class, a few extra references, several typos and other minor imprecisions corrected, version accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J. C
Statistical Analyses in the case of an Italian nurse accused of murdering patients
Creators: name: Dotto, Francesco
name: Gill, Richard D.
name: Mortera, Julia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62Pxx

description: Suspicions about medical murder sometimes arise due to a surprising or unexpected series of events, such as an apparently unusual number of deaths among patients under the care of a particular nurse. But also a single disturbing event might trigger suspicion about a particular nurse, and this might then lead to investigation of events which happened when she was thought to be present. In either case, there is a statistical challenge of distinguishing event clusters that arise from criminal acts from those that arise coincidentally from other causes. We show that an apparently striking association between a nurse's presence and a high rate of deaths in a hospital ward can easily be completely spurious. In short: in a medium-care hospital ward where many patients are suffering terminal illnesses, and deaths are frequent, most deaths occur in the morning. Most nurses are on duty in the morning, too. There are less deaths in the afternoon, and even less at night; correspondingly, less nurses are on duty in the afternoon, even less during the night. Consequently, a full time nurse works the most hours when the most deaths occur. The death rate is higher when she is present than when she is absent.
description: Published in "Law, Probability and Risk". 33 pages
Stability of super-Chandrasekhar magnetic white dwarfs
Creators: name: Chamel, N.
name: Fantina, A. F.
name: Davis, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been recently proposed that very massive white dwarfs endowed with strongly quantizing magnetic fields might be the progenitors of overluminous type Ia supernovae like SN 2006gz and SN 2009dc. In this work, we show that the onset of electron captures and pycnonuclear reactions in these putative super-Chandrasekhar white dwarfs may severely limit their stability.
description: 5 pages, revised version
The $C^\infty$-isomorphism property for a class of singularly-weighted X-ray transforms
Creators: name: Mishra, Rohit Kumar
name: Monard, François
name: Zou, Yuzhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study a one-parameter family of self-adjoint normal operators for the X-ray transform on the closed Euclidean disk ${\mathbb D}$, obtained by considering specific singularly weighted $L^2$ topologies. We first recover the well-known Singular Value Decompositions in terms of orthogonal disk (or generalized Zernike) polynomials, then prove that each such realization is an isomorphism of $C^\infty({\mathbb D})$. As corollaries: we give some range characterizations; we show how such choices of normal operators can be expressed as functions of two distinguished differential operators. We also show that the isomorphism property also holds on a class of constant-curvature, circularly symmetric simple surfaces. These results allow to design functional contexts where normal operators built out of the X-ray transform are provably invertible, in Fréchet and Hilbert spaces encoding specific boundary behavior.
description: 28 pages, 1 figure
Cavity cooling of an optically levitated nanoparticle
Creators: name: Kiesel, Nikolai
name: Blaser, Florian
name: Delic, Uros
name: Grass, David
name: Kaltenbaek, Rainer
name: Aspelmeyer, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to trap and to manipulate individual atoms is at the heart of current implementations of quantum simulations, quantum computing, and long-distance quantum communication. Controlling the motion of larger particles opens up yet new avenues for quantum science, both for the study of fundamental quantum phenomena in the context of matter wave interference, and for new sensing and transduction applications in the context of quantum optomechanics. Specifically, it has been suggested that cavity cooling of a single nanoparticle in high vacuum allows for the generation of quantum states of motion in a room-temperature environment as well as for unprecedented force sensitivity. Here, we take the first steps into this regime. We demonstrate cavity cooling of an optically levitated nanoparticle consisting of approximately 10e9 atoms. The particle is trapped at modest vacuum levels of a few millibar in the standing-wave field of an optical cavity and is cooled through coherent scattering into the modes of the same cavity. We estimate that our cooling rates are sufficient for ground-state cooling, provided that optical trapping at a vacuum level of 10e-7 millibar can be realized in the future, e.g., by employing additional active-feedback schemes to stabilize the optical trap in three dimensions. This paves the way for a new light-matter interface enabling room-temperature quantum experiments with mesoscopic mechanical systems.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Assessment of density functional methods with correct asymptotic behavior
Creators: name: Tsai, Chen-Wei
name: Su, Yu-Chuan
name: Li, Guan-De
name: Chai, Jeng-Da
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long-range corrected (LC) hybrid functionals and asymptotically corrected (AC) model potentials are two distinct density functional methods with correct asymptotic behavior. They are known to be accurate for properties that are sensitive to the asymptote of the exchange-correlation potential, such as the highest occupied molecular orbital energies and Rydberg excitation energies of molecules. To provide a comprehensive comparison, we investigate the performance of the two schemes and others on a very wide range of applications, including the asymptote problems, self-interaction-error problems, energy-gap problems, charge-transfer problems, and many others. The LC hybrid scheme is shown to consistently outperform the AC model potential scheme. In addition, to be consistent with the molecules collected in the IP131 database [Y.-S. Lin, C.-W. Tsai, G.-D. Li, and J.-D. Chai, J. Chem. Phys., 2012, 136, 154109], we expand the EA115 and FG115 databases to include, respectively, the vertical electron affinities and fundamental gaps of the additional 16 molecules, and develop a new database AE113 (113 atomization energies), consisting of accurate reference values for the atomization energies of the 113 molecules in IP131. These databases will be useful for assessing the accuracy of density functional methods.
description: accepted for publication in Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 46 pages, 4 figures, supplementary material included
Le attività dipartimentali di monitoraggio e programmazione della ricerca nel settore delle scienze umane, sociali e del patrimonio culturale: metodologie, processi, risultati e soluzioni proposte per lo sviluppo di un sistema CNR integrato e multi livello per il monitoraggio e la programmazione della ricerca
Creators: name: Saccone, Massimiliano
name: Antonini, Giulia
name: Dell'Orletta, Felice
name: Filippetti, Andrea
name: Nuzzolese, Andrea Giovanni
name: Palaia, Roberto
name: Sfameni, Carla
name: Spinello, Andrea Orazio
name: Trufelli, Luciana
name: Reale, Emanuela
name: Tuzi, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Monitoraggio e programmazione della ricerca
Scienze umane, sociali e del patrimonio culturale

description: Il Dipartimento Scienze Umane e Sociali, Patrimonio Culturale (DSU) del CNR, con la fattiva collaborazione di tutti gli Istituti ad esso afferenti, ha condotto un’iniziativa finalizzata a migliorare l’efficacia dei processi di monitoraggio e programmazione delle attività progettuali, infrastrutturali e di ricerca. È stato costituito uno specifico gruppo di lavoro che, interagendo costruttivamente con gli Istituti, ha svolto attività di studio e analisi con l’obiettivo di elaborare una proposta di revisione/aggiornamento delle Aree strategiche e delle relative Aree progettuali dipartimentali. Il presente rapporto illustra il percorso che ha portato a tale risultato e fornisce una serie di elementi utili a verificare l’efficacia delle modalità di conduzione dei lavori: dalle metodologie adottate alle attività di rilevazione e analisi dei dati e delle informazioni raccolti con metodi diversi; dall’analisi dei settori di interesse nello scenario più ampio di livello nazionale, europeo e internazionale al ruolo delle scienze sociali, delle discipline umanistiche e del patrimonio culturale in ambito CNR; dalla disamina di tutti gli elementi informativi, una volta disponibili, alla proposta di aggiornamento dell’impianto programmatico delle attività progettuali e di ricerca dipartimentali. Infine, sono evidenziate alcune delle principali criticità riconducibili prevalentemente al contesto organizzativo-gestionale, con particolare riferimento alle misure organizzative, ai metodi e agli strumenti dedicati al monitoraggio e alla programmazione scientifica.