cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Atomic clock interferometry using optical tweezers
Creators: name: Meltzer, Ilan
name: Sagi, Yoav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Clock interferometry refers to the coherent splitting of a clock into two different paths and recombining in a way that reveals the proper time difference between them. Unlike the comparison of two separate clocks, this approach allows testing how non-flat spacetime influences quantum coherence. Atomic clocks are currently the most accurate time keeping devices. Here we propose using optical tweezers to implement clock interferometry. Our proposed clock interferometer employs an alkaline-earth-like atom held in an optical trap at the magic wavelength. Through a combination of adiabatic, tweezer-based, splitting and recombining schemes and a modified Ramsey sequence on the clock states, we achieve a linear sensitivity to the gravitational time dilation. Moreover, the measurement of the time dilation is insensitive to relative fluctuations in the intensity of the tweezer beams. We analyze the tweezer clock interferometer and show that it is feasible with current technological capabilities. The proposed interferometer could test the effect of gravitational redshift on quantum coherence, and implement the quantum twin paradox.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, accepted to Physical Review A
Graphic Novels and the Implications of Shelving Location
Creators: name: Willcox, Ellen A.L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011
Subjects: Graphic novels--Cataloging
Graphic novels--Administration
Shelving of books, periodicals, etc.--Case studies
Public libraries--Cataloging
Shelving of books, periodicals, etc.--Evaluation
Surveys--Shelving of books, periodicals, etc.

description: This study attempts to determine the best way for public libraries to shelve graphic  novels. "Best" is defined by circulation and by patron satisfaction as assessed by a  survey. It discusses the existing research on the topic and presents the hypothesis that the  best method will be to keep graphic novels in their own designated shelving area. The  graphic novels at the Farmville-Prince Edward Community Library have traditionally  been interfiled with prose works. For this study, their monthly circulation was measured  for three months; they were then moved to a separate section, their circulation measured  for two more months, and patrons surveyed on their opinions of the change. Results were  difficult to interpret, but patron response seemed positive and the final month saw the  highest circulation. The paper concludes with the hope that two more months' data will  allow for a conclusive expansion of this research in the future.
Helicity-0 spinning particles
Creators: name: Salesi, Giovanni
name: Deleidi, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a self-consistent classical theory of the spin, based on a very general Lagrangian extending the Newtonian dynamics, does predict the special case of helicity-0 particles, which at the same time are endowed with nonzero spin and zero intrinsic angular momentum.
description: 9 pages
Additional file 1 of Introduction of ROSA robotic-arm system for total knee arthroplasty is associated with a minimal learning curve for operative time
Creators: name: Bolam, Scott M.
name: Tay, Mei Lin
name: Zaidi, Faseeh
name: Sidaginamale, Raghavendra P.
name: Hanlon, Michael
name: Munro, Jacob T.
name: Monk, A. Paul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Material 1. Changes in component sizing (pre- vs. post-plan), per 5 surgeon cases, for [A] Tibial implant, [B] Femoral implant, and [C] Polyethylene insert.
Adapt, act, or rebel? Constructing a narrative about women in free and open source software
Creators: name: Riggs, Sarah M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011
Subjects: Feminism
Open source software

description: Free and open source software is no longer limited to traditional software developers creating products to satisfy their own needs, but people with varied skills sets are coming together to satisfy the needs of a growing consumer base. With increasing diversity in consumers, comes the need to increase the diversity of participants. However, previous reports suggest that women compose less than five percent of FOSS contributors. Researchers often construct a view of FOSS that only acknowledges the men and the programmers, and the research on women focuses on barriers to participation. This paper focuses on the diversity that is inherent in a multicultural and geographically distributed environment by interviewing twenty women and men: ambassadors, artists, packagers, programmers, translators, and writers. The purpose of this paper is to outline how participants navigate their community using a combination of technical, social, and cultural skills, and highlighting when actions are implicitly and explicitly gendered.
Dilepton production rate in a hot and magnetized quark-gluon plasma
Creators: name: Sadooghi, N.
name: Taghinavaz, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The differential multiplicity of dileptons in a hot and magnetized quark-gluon plasma, $Δ_{B}\equiv dN_{B}/d^{4}xd^{4}q$, is derived from first principles. The constant magnetic field $B$ is assumed to be aligned in a fixed spatial direction. It is shown that the anisotropy induced by the $B$ field is mainly reflected in the general structure of photon spectral density function. This is related to the imaginary part of the vacuum polarization tensor, $\mbox{Im}[Π^{μν}]$, which is derived in a first order perturbative approximation. As expected, the final analytical expression for $Δ_{B}$ includes a trace over the product of a photonic part, $\mbox{Im}[Π^{μν}]$, and a leptonic part, ${\cal{L}}_{μν}$. It is shown that $Δ_{B}$ consists of two parts, $Δ_{B}^{\|}$ and $Δ_{B}^{\perp}$, arising from the components $(μ,ν)=(\|,\|)$ and $(μ,ν)=(\perp,\perp)$ of $\mbox{Im}[Π^{μν}]$ and ${\cal{L}}_{μν}$. Here, the transverse and longitudinal directions are defined with respect to the direction of the $B$ field. Combining $Δ_{B}^{\|}$ and $Δ_{B}^{\perp}$, a novel anisotropy factor $ν_{B}$ is introduced. Using the final analytical expression of $Δ_{B}$, the possible interplay between the temperature $T$ and the magnetic field strength $eB$ on the ratio $Δ_{B}/Δ_{0}$ and $ν_{B}$ is numerically studied. Here, $Δ_{0}$ is the Born approximated dilepton multiplicity in the absence of external magnetic fields. It is, in particular, shown that for each fixed $T$ and $B$, in the vicinity of certain threshold energies, $Δ_{B}\gg Δ_{0}$ and $Δ_{B}^{\perp}\gg Δ_{B}^{\|}$. The latter anisotropy may be interpreted as one of the microscopic sources of the macroscopic anisotropies, reflecting themselves, e.g., in the elliptic asymmetry factor $v_{2}$ of dileptons.
description: V1: 24 pages (two-column), 11 figures, 1 table; V2: 44 pages (one-column), 12 figures, 2 tables. Typos corrected, discussions improved, references updated, appendix B added; V3: 41 pages (one-column), 12 figures, 2 tables, discussions improved. Version accepted for publication in AOP (2017)
Inversion-symmetric Electron Gases as New Platforms for Topological Planar Josephson Junctions
Creators: name: Mei, Jiong
name: Jiang, Kun
name: Qin, Shengshan
name: Hu, Jiangping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intrinsic Rashba spin-orbital coupling (SOC) can exist in centrosymmetric materials with local inversion symmetry breaking. Here we show that such a SOC can induce topological superconductivity together with an in-plane Zeeman field in planar Josephson junctions formed by the centrosymmetric materials. A single Majorana mode can be created at each end of the junction. We demonstrate this result in a model based on iron-based superconductors. We derive the necessary Fermi surface condition for the topological planar junction and calculate the topological phase diagram with respect to the in-plane Zeeman field and the phase difference between the two superconductors. We provide experimental characteristics for the topological superconductivity, including the differential conductance and the Fano factor tomography which can be measured in the scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Our study reveals that the centrosymmetric systems with local-inversion-symmetry breaking can serve as new platforms for the topological planar Josephson junctions, and help to find more experimentally feasible materials for the topological superconductors.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Gallup/Newsweek Poll # 1985-85263: Pre-Summit Poll
Creators: name: Newsweek
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2013

description: U.S.-Soviet relations (7); Star Wars (2); assessment of life in the Soviet Union (10); issues at Geneva summit (6); areas of tension between U.S. and Soviet Union (7); arms control (2).
Additional file 2 of Longitudinal changes in pulmonary function and patient-reported outcomes after lung cancer surgery
Creators: name: Shin, Sumin
name: Kong, Sunga
name: Kang, Danbee
name: Lee, Genehee
name: Cho, Jong Ho
name: Shim, Young Mog
name: Cho, Juhee
name: Kim, Hong Kwan
name: Park, Hye Yun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Changes in FEV1/FVC and patterns of ventilatory defect from baseline to 2 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery among patients with normal lung function before surgery (N = 431).
Associated Press/Ipsos Public Affairs Poll: Judicial Appointments/Travel
Creators: name: Associated Press
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2009

description: Vacationing (3); longest trip destination (2); gas prices affecting travel plans (1); travel accommodations (2); ideology of federal judges (2); Supreme Court justice nominations (1); Senate approving judicial nominees (1); decisions of judges (1).
Associated Press/Ipsos Public Affairs Poll: Politics/Weather
Creators: name: Associated Press
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2009

description: Direction of country (1); George W. Bush job performance (2); George W. Bush handling issues (10); Congressional job approval (2); weather forecasts (3); source of weather forecast (6); past winter weather (1); past summer weather (1); air conditioning (2).
First-principles construction of symmetry-informed quantum metrologies
Creators: name: Rubio, Jesús
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combining quantum and Bayesian principles leads to optimality in metrology, but the optimisation equations involved are often hard to solve. This work mitigates this problem with a novel class of measurement strategies for quantities isomorphic to location parameters, which are shown to admit a closed-form optimisation. The resulting framework admits any parameter range, prior information, or state, and the associated estimators apply to finite samples. As an example, the metrology of relative weights is formulated from first principles and shown to require hyperbolic errors. The primary advantage of this approach lies in its simplifying power: it reduces the search for good strategies to identifying which symmetry leaves a state of maximum ignorance invariant. This will facilitate the application of quantum metrology to fundamental physics, where symmetries play a key role.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, 1 table. Accepted as a Letter in Physical Review A
Audiobook Collection Development in North Carolina Public Libraries
Creators: name: Sanders, Joseph
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016
Subjects: Public libraries--North Carolina
Collection development in public libraries
Audiobooks

description: This study describes a questionnaire survey of librarians responsible for audiobook selection in the public libraries of North Carolina. The survey was conducted to determine the selection criteria employed by those librarians for audiobook selection, how they differed from print, and how technological change affected the process.  The criteria used by public libraries to select audiobooks vary, but are largely similar to that of print materials. Responses show that patron demand is the most influential factor in audiobook selection, and that budgetary restrictions heavily shape the collection.  The trend towards digital media has had a significant effect on the way that libraries build their collections, but a consensus on providing digital audiobooks in public libraries has not been reached.  Currently, audiobook selection is based primarily around popularity.
Additional file 1 of Longitudinal changes in pulmonary function and patient-reported outcomes after lung cancer surgery
Creators: name: Shin, Sumin
name: Kong, Sunga
name: Kang, Danbee
name: Lee, Genehee
name: Cho, Jong Ho
name: Shim, Young Mog
name: Cho, Juhee
name: Kim, Hong Kwan
name: Park, Hye Yun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. The formula of mixed effects model.
Breakdown of Hawking Evaporation opens new Mass Window for Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter Candidate
Creators: name: Thoss, Valentin
name: Burkert, Andreas
name: Kohri, Kazunori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy injection through Hawking evaporation has been used to put strong constraints on primordial black holes as a dark matter candidate at masses below $10^{17}\,\rm{g}$. However, Hawking's semiclassical approximation breaks down at latest after half-decay. Beyond this point, the evaporation could be significantly suppressed, as was shown in recent work. In this study, we review existing cosmological and astrophysical bounds on primordial black holes, taking this effect into account. We show that the constraints disappear completely for a reasonable range of parameters, which opens a new window below $10^{10}\,\rm{g}$ for light primordial black holes as a dark matter candidate.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, published in MNRAS
Using Rest-Frame Optical and NIR Data from the RAISIN Survey to Explore the Redshift Evolution of Dust Laws in SN Ia Host Galaxies
Creators: name: Thorp, Stephen
name: Mandel, Kaisey S.
name: Jones, David O.
name: Kirshner, Robert P.
name: Challis, Peter M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use rest-frame optical and near-infrared (NIR) observations of 42 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the Carnegie Supernova Project at low-$z$ and 37 from the RAISIN Survey at high-$z$ to investigate correlations between SN Ia host galaxy dust, host mass, and redshift. This is the first time the SN Ia host galaxy dust extinction law at high-$z$ has been estimated using combined optical and rest-frame NIR data ($YJ$-band). We use the BayeSN hierarchical model to leverage the data's wide rest-frame wavelength range (extending to $\sim$1.0-1.2 microns for the RAISIN sample at $0.2\lesssim z\lesssim0.6$). By contrasting the RAISIN and CSP data, we constrain the population distributions of the host dust $R_V$ parameter for both redshift ranges. We place a limit on the difference in population mean $R_V$ between RAISIN and CSP of $-1.16<Δμ(R_V)<1.38$ with 95% posterior probability. For RAISIN we estimate $μ(R_V)=2.58\pm0.57$, and constrain the population standard deviation to $σ(R_V)<0.90~[2.42]$ at the 68 [95]% level. Given that we are only able to constrain the size of the low- to high-$z$ shift in $μ(R_V)$ to $\lesssim1.4$ - which could still propagate to a substantial bias in the equation of state parameter $w$ - these and other recent results motivate continued effort to obtain rest-frame NIR data at low and high redshifts (e.g. using the Roman Space Telescope).
description: 15 pages, 13 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
ABC News/Washington Post Poll: Politics/Affirmative Action
Creators: name: ABC News
name: Washington Post
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2014

description: Bil Clinton job performance (4); Newt Gingrich and Bob Dole job performance (1); Clinton versus Republicans in Congress (16); budget cuts (12); Contract with America (2); balancing the federal budget (9); term limits (3); favorability of political leaders (8); trust in government (3); state versus federal government (8); lawsuits (4); 1996 election (5); Affirmative Action (16); OJ Simpson (3).
Observational constrained Weyl type $f(Q,T)$ gravity cosmological model and the dynamical system analysis
Creators: name: Bhagat, Rahul
name: Mishra, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the cosmological date sets, the cosmological parameters are constrained in this paper, with some well known form of Hubble parameter. To understand the dynamics of the Weyl type $f(Q,T)$, functional form $f(Q,T)$ has been introduced, where $Q$ and $T$ respectively represents the nonmetricity scalar and trace of energy-momentum tensor. Using the constrained values of the parameters, the other geometrical parameters are analysed and the accelerating behaviour has been shown. Further to get the complete evolutionary behaviour of the Universe, the dynamical system analysis has been performed.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables. Suggestions and comments are welcome
Additional file 3 of Longitudinal changes in pulmonary function and patient-reported outcomes after lung cancer surgery
Creators: name: Shin, Sumin
name: Kong, Sunga
name: Kang, Danbee
name: Lee, Genehee
name: Cho, Jong Ho
name: Shim, Young Mog
name: Cho, Juhee
name: Kim, Hong Kwan
name: Park, Hye Yun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Table S2. Changes in patient-reported outcomes from baseline to 2 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year according to the type of surgery.
How to Train your Antivirus: RL-based Hardening through the Problem-Space
Creators: name: Tsingenopoulos, Ilias
name: Cortellazzi, Jacopo
name: Bošanský, Branislav
name: Aonzo, Simone
name: Preuveneers, Davy
name: Joosen, Wouter
name: Pierazzi, Fabio
name: Cavallaro, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: ML-based malware detection on dynamic analysis reports is vulnerable to both evasion and spurious correlations. In this work, we investigate a specific ML architecture employed in the pipeline of a widely-known commercial antivirus company, with the goal to harden it against adversarial malware. Adversarial training, the sole defensive technique that can confer empirical robustness, is not applicable out of the box in this domain, for the principal reason that gradient-based perturbations rarely map back to feasible problem-space programs. We introduce a novel Reinforcement Learning approach for constructing adversarial examples, a constituent part of adversarially training a model against evasion. Our approach comes with multiple advantages. It performs modifications that are feasible in the problem-space, and only those; thus it circumvents the inverse mapping problem. It also makes possible to provide theoretical guarantees on the robustness of the model against a particular set of adversarial capabilities. Our empirical exploration validates our theoretical insights, where we can consistently reach 0% Attack Success Rate after a few adversarial retraining iterations.
description: 20 pages,4 figures
Consumer Behavior in the Online Marketplace: How Time and Access to Information Drive Consumer Decisions
Creators: name: Ruth, James
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006
Subjects: Consumer behavior
Information Theory in Economics
Electronic commerce
Consumer Satisfaction

description: The online marketplace is growing every year. As it continues to grow it is important to understand the interactions between online consumers and online merchants. This study examines the relationship between online merchants and online consumers focusing on how information is passed between the two. With consumers able to search and view dozens of stores in the time it used to take for many of them to drive to one, why are consumers not able to find the best price for the good they hope to buy? By examining past literature on information theory and consumer behavior, combined with considering a 3 x 3 sample of online consumers actually finding items in an online environment, this study will serve as a base for further research on what drives consumer interaction with electronic markets.
A GPU accelerated Barnes-Hut Tree Code for FLASH4
Creators: name: Lukat, Gunther
name: Banerjee, Robi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a GPU accelerated CUDA-C implementation of the Barnes Hut (BH) tree code for calculating the gravitational potential on octree adaptive meshes. The tree code algorithm is implemented within the FLASH4 adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) code framework and therefore fully MPI parallel. We describe the algorithm and present test results that demonstrate its accuracy and performance in comparison to the algorithms available in the current FLASH4 version. We use a MacLaurin spheroid to test the accuracy of our new implementation and use spherical, collapsing cloud cores with effective AMR to carry out performance tests also in comparison with previous gravity solvers. Depending on the setup and the GPU/CPU ratio, we find a speedup for the gravity unit of at least a factor of 3 and up to 60 in comparison to the gravity solvers implemented in the FLASH4 code. We find an overall speedup factor for full simulations of at least factor 1.6 up to a factor of 10
description: For further information see: http://www.hs.uni-hamburg.de/gpubh
Spectroscopic Analysis of Rare-Earth Silicide Structures on the Si(111) Surface
Creators: name: Sanna, Simone
name: Plaickner, Julian
name: Holtgrewe, Kris
name: Wettig, Vincent M.
name: Speiser, Eugen
name: Chandola, Sandhya
name: Esser, Norbert
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: surface science
subject: Si(111)
subject: rare earth silicide
subject: terbium silicide
subject: Raman spectroscopy
subject: RAS
subject: density functional theory
subject: DFT
subject: thin films
subject: 2D materials

description: Two-dimensional rare-earth silicide layers deposited on silicon substrates have been intensively investigated in the last decade, as they can be exploited both as Ohmic contacts or as photodetectors, depending on the substrate doping. In this study, we characterize rare-earth silicide layers on the Si(111) surface by a spectroscopic analysis. In detail, we combine Raman and reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) with first-principles calculations in the framework of the density functional theory. RAS suggests a weakly isotropic surface, and Raman spectroscopy reveals the presence of surface localized phonons. Atomistic calculations allow to assign the detected Raman peaks to phonon modes localized at the silicide layer. The good agreement between the calculations and the measurements provides a strong argument for the employed structural model.
Associated Press/Ipsos Public Affairs Poll: Politics/Personal Characteristics
Creators: name: Associated Press
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2009

description: Direction of country (1); George W. Bush job performance (2); George W. Bush handling issues (10); Congressional job performance (2); economic conditions (2); financial situation (2); major purchases (2); job security (3); investments (3); describing George W. Bush (6).
User Interfaces for Sharing Self-Generated Health Information in an SGHI Exchange Market
Creators: name: Dunne, Kristen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013
Subjects: Information management--Health information

description: The goal of this project was to design a set of user interfaces to support a Self-Generated Health Information Exchange Market (SGHIx), in which users are given opportunities to share, and manage the sharing of, personal health information gathered from mobile health devices. The interfaces were designed such that the user is fully aware of what information he or she is sharing and with whom. The scope of this project included defining the use cases, designing the associated user interfaces, and then revising the designs after receiving feedback from the project stakeholders.
Mitofsky International Poll # 1994-STELEC-MA: Massachusetts State Election Exit
Creators: name: Mitofsky International
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: U.S. Senate vote(6); Edward Kennedy job performance(1); standard of living(1); vote for governor(1); Clinton job performance(1); 1992 presidential election(1); party affiliation(1); crime(1); ancestors(1).
Resonance RoPE: Improving Context Length Generalization of Large Language Models
Creators: name: Wang, Suyuchen
name: Kobyzev, Ivan
name: Lu, Peng
name: Rezagholizadeh, Mehdi
name: Liu, Bang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper addresses the challenge of train-short-test-long (TSTL) scenarios in Large Language Models (LLMs) equipped with Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE), where models pre-trained on shorter sequences face difficulty with out-of-distribution (OOD) token positions in longer sequences. We introduce Resonance RoPE, a novel approach designed to narrow the generalization gap in TSTL scenarios by refining the interpolation of RoPE features for OOD positions, significantly improving the model performance without additional online computational costs. Furthermore, we present PosGen, a new synthetic benchmark specifically designed for fine-grained behavior analysis in TSTL scenarios, aiming to isolate the constantly increasing difficulty of token generation on long contexts from the challenges of recognizing new token positions. Our experiments on synthetic tasks show that after applying Resonance RoPE, Transformers recognize OOD position better and more robustly. Our extensive LLM experiments also show superior performance after applying Resonance RoPE to the current state-of-the-art RoPE scaling method, YaRN, on both upstream language modeling tasks and a variety of downstream long-text applications.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, accepted at ACL 2024 Findings
Helping Readers Find Books: An Evaluation of Four Readers' Advisory Sources
Creators: name: Quillen, Christine Lynn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001
Subjects: Subject access
Reading interests
Fiction--Selection
Public libraries--Reference services
Reader guidance
Subject headings--Special subjects--Fiction

description: This paper examines four reference sources used for readers' advisory services: Amazon.com, NoveList, Now Read This, and What Do I Read Next?. The sources were compared to determine the strengths and weaknesses of each; each source was then analyzed for its treatment of ten discrete titles including an examination of the depth and breadth of coverage and an assessment of the use of subject headings. Results showed that all of the sources had specific strengths and weaknesses and that a combination of sources in the hands of a skilled professional is probably the best approach when using these tools for readers' advisory.
Microwave-to-optics conversion using magnetostatic modes and a tunable optical cavity
Creators: name: Wu, Wei-Jiang
name: Wang, Yi-Pu
name: Li, Jie
name: Li, Gang
name: You, J. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum networks rely on hybrid quantum systems operating in different frequency ranges. For instance, the superconducting qubits work in the gigahertz range, while the optical photons used in communication are in the range of hundreds of terahertz. Due to the large frequency mismatch, achieving the direct coupling and information exchange between different information carriers is generally difficult. Accordingly, a quantum interface is demanded, which serves as a bridge to establish information linkage between different quantum systems operating at distinct frequencies. Recently, the magnon mode in ferromagnetic spin systems has received significant attention. While the inherent weak optomagnonic coupling strength restricts the microwave-to-optical photon conversion efficiency using magnons, the versatility of the magnon modes, together with their readily achievable strong coupling with other quantum systems, endow them with many distinct advantages. Here, we realize the magnon-based microwave-light interface by adopting an optical cavity with adjustable free spectrum range and different kinds of magnetostatic modes in two microwave cavity configurations. By optimizing the parameters, an internal conversion efficiency of $1.28 \times 10^{-7}$ is achieved. We analyze the impact of various parameters on the microwave-to-optics conversion. The study provides useful guidance and insights to further enhancing the microwave-to-optics conversion efficiency using magnons.
description: 11 pages 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and evaluation of three one-step real-time RT-PCR assays in Korea
Creators: name: Shin, Go-Eun
name: Park, Ji-Young
name: Lee, Kyoung-Ki
name: Ko, Mi-Kyeong
name: Ku, Bok-Kyung
name: Park, Choi-Kyu
name: Jeoung, Hye-Young
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Figure 1. Comparison between forward primer sequences of C testand target sequences of 13 PRRSV-1 samples (A) and 19 PRRSV-2 samples (B). Thematched nucleotide sequences between the forward primer and target sequenceswere hidden. Genome sequences of PRRSV false-negative samples were submitted toGenBank under accession numbers ON892746, ON892752, and ON892756–ON892781.
Trajectory generation for multi-contact momentum-control
Creators: name: Herzog, Alexander
name: Rotella, Nicholas
name: Schaal, Stefan
name: Righetti, Ludovic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Simplified models of the dynamics such as the linear inverted pendulum model (LIPM) have proven to perform well for biped walking on flat ground. However, for more complex tasks the assumptions of these models can become limiting. For example, the LIPM does not allow for the control of contact forces independently, is limited to co-planar contacts and assumes that the angular momentum is zero. In this paper, we propose to use the full momentum equations of a humanoid robot in a trajectory optimization framework to plan its center of mass, linear and angular momentum trajectories. The model also allows for planning desired contact forces for each end-effector in arbitrary contact locations. We extend our previous results on LQR design for momentum control by computing the (linearized) optimal momentum feedback law in a receding horizon fashion. The resulting desired momentum and the associated feedback law are then used in a hierarchical whole body control approach. Simulation experiments show that the approach is computationally fast and is able to generate plans for locomotion on complex terrains while demonstrating good tracking performance for the full humanoid control.
Parallel Hyperparameter Optimization Of Spiking Neural Network
Creators: name: Firmin, Thomas
name: Boulet, Pierre
name: Talbi, El-Ghazali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Spiking Neural Networks (SNN). SNNs are based on a more biologically inspired approach than usual artificial neural networks. Such models are characterized by complex dynamics between neurons and spikes. These are very sensitive to the hyperparameters, making their optimization challenging. To tackle hyperparameter optimization of SNNs, we initially extended the signal loss issue of SNNs to what we call silent networks. These networks fail to emit enough spikes at their outputs due to mistuned hyperparameters or architecture. Generally, search spaces are heavily restrained, sometimes even discretized, to prevent the sampling of such networks. By defining an early stopping criterion detecting silent networks and by designing specific constraints, we were able to instantiate larger and more flexible search spaces. We applied a constrained Bayesian optimization technique, which was asynchronously parallelized, as the evaluation time of a SNN is highly stochastic. Large-scale experiments were carried-out on a multi-GPU Petascale architecture. By leveraging silent networks, results show an acceleration of the search, while maintaining good performances of both the optimization algorithm and the best solution obtained. We were able to apply our methodology to two popular training algorithms, known as spike timing dependent plasticity and surrogate gradient. Early detection allowed us to prevent worthless and costly computation, directing the search toward promising hyperparameter combinations. Our methodology could be applied to multi-objective problems, where the spiking activity is often minimized to reduce the energy consumption. In this scenario, it becomes essential to find the delicate frontier between low-spiking and silent networks. Finally, our approach may have implications for neural architecture search, particularly in defining suitable spiking architectures.
Mitofsky International Poll # 1994-STELEC-MD: Maryland State Election Exit
Creators: name: Mitofsky International
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Vote for Governor(4); standard of living(1); U.S. Senate vote(3); Clinton job performance(1); 1992 presidential election(1); party affiliation(2); direction of the state(1); women in office(1); taxes and state services(1).
Particle motion around luminous neutron stars: effects of deviation from Schwarzschild spacetime
Creators: name: Vieira, Ronaldo S. S.
name: Wielgus, Maciek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study trajectories of test particles around a luminous, static, spherically symmetric neutron star, under the combined influence of gravity and radiation. In general relativity, for Schwarzschild spacetime, an equilibrium sphere (the Eddington Capture Sphere) is formed for near-Eddington luminosities. We generalize these results to a broad class of static, spherical spacetimes. We also study the dynamics of particles in a strong radiation field in spherical spacetimes. The results are illustrated for two cases, Reissner-Nordström spacetime of a charged spherical object in general relativity and Kehagias-Sfetsos spacetime, arising from the Horava-Lifshitz gravity theory. Our findings apply to neutron stars under gravitational field equations different from the vacuum Einstein field equations of general relativity, such as in modified theories of gravity, the only requirement being that test particles follow geodesics in the absence of the radiation field. The effects that we describe are, in principle, measurable through observations of X-ray bursts of neutron stars. Hence, detailed future studies could use such observations to test gravity theories in the strong-field regime, provided that the impact of the spacetime geometry can be disentangled from the astrophysical uncertainties.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Role of local geometry in spin and orbital structure of transition metal compounds
Creators: name: Khomskii, D. I.
name: Kugel, K. I.
name: Sboychakov, A. O.
name: Streltsov, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the role of local geometry in the spin and orbital interaction in transition metal compounds with orbital degeneracy. We stress that the tendency observed for the most studied case (transition metals in O$_6$ octahedra with one common oxygen -- common corner of neighboring octahedra and with $\sim 180^{\circ}$ metal--oxygen--metal bonds), that ferro-orbital ordering renders antiferro-spin coupling, and, {\it vice versa}, antiferro-orbitals give ferro-spin ordering, is not valid in general case, in particular for octahedra with common edge and with $\sim 90^{\circ}$ M--O--M bonds. Special attention is paid to the ``third case'', neighboring octahedra with common face (three common oxygens) -- the case practically not considered until now, although there are many real systems with this geometry. Interestingly enough, the spin--orbital exchange in this case turns out to be to be simpler and more symmetric than in the first two cases. We also consider, which form the effective exchange takes for different geometries in case of strong spin--orbit coupling.
description: 31 pages, 9 figures, submitted to JETP
Homogenized boundary conditions and resonance effects in Faraday cages
Creators: name: Hewett, David P.
name: Hewitt, Ian J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 78A40, 31A25, 78M40

description: We present a mathematical study of two-dimensional electrostatic and electromagnetic shielding by a cage of conducting wires (the so-called `Faraday cage effect'). Taking the limit as the number of wires in the cage tends to infinity we use the asymptotic method of multiple scales to derive continuum models for the shielding, involving homogenized boundary conditions on an effective cage boundary. We show how the resulting models depend on key cage parameters such as the size and shape of the wires, and, in the electromagnetic case, on the frequency and polarisation of the incident field. In the electromagnetic case there are resonance effects, whereby at frequencies close to the natural frequencies of the equivalent solid shell, the presence of the cage actually amplifies the incident field, rather than shielding it. By appropriately modifying the continuum model we calculate the modified resonant frequencies, and their associated peak amplitudes. We discuss applications to radiation containment in microwave ovens and acoustic scattering by perforated shells.
description: This revised version corrects some errors present in the journal published version
NBC News/Wall Street Journal Poll: April, 2009--Barack Obama
Creators: name: NBC News
name: Wall Street Journal
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2009

description: Direction of country (2); Barack Obama job performance (1); Barack Obama handling issues (2); Congressional job performance (1); opinion of public figures (8); Congressional elections (4); role of government (1); Barack Obama outlook (3); rating Obama on certain qualities (20); Obama and Republicans in Congress (2); Obama actions (5); Obama proposals (5); greenhouse gas reduction (1); safe from terrorist attack (1); state of economy (1); economic outlook (1); Obama focus on economy (1); economic stimulus (1); financial situation (2); job security (1); economic conditions (1); effect of economic downturn (1); budget deficit (1); change in health care system (1); Obama health care plan (4); focus of government (1); Bush administration and torture/interrogation techniques (8); sale of weapons (1); unionization (1); personal elements of Obama (1).
"An Experience Outside of Culture": A Taxonomy of 9/11 Adult Fiction
Creators: name: Moonitz, Allison B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006
Subjects: September 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001--Fiction
World Trade Center(New York,NY)--Fiction
Social Relationships--Fiction
New York(NY)--Fiction
Loss(Psychology)--Fiction
Fiction

description: Serving as an unfortunate benchmark for the twenty-first century, 9/11 has completely altered society's perceptions of personal safety, security and social identity, along with provoking intense emotional reactions. One outlet for these resulting emotions has been through art and literature. Five years have since passed and contemporary authors are still struggling to accurately represent that tragic day and its consequent impression. This paper provides an analysis of how the events of 9/11 have been incorporated into adult fiction. Variations of themes related to psychology, interpersonal relationships, political and social perspectives, and heroism were found to be used most frequently among authors.
Octave-spanning Kerr soliton frequency combs in dispersion- and dissipation-engineered lithium niobate microresonators
Creators: name: Song, Yunxiang
name: Hu, Yaowen
name: Zhu, Xinrui
name: Yang, Kiyoul
name: Loncar, Marko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dissipative Kerr solitons from optical microresonators, commonly referred to as soliton microcombs, have been developed for a broad range of applications, including precision measurement, optical frequency synthesis, and ultra-stable microwave and millimeter wave generation, all on a chip. An important goal for microcombs is self referencing, which requires octave-spanning bandwidths to detect and stabilize the comb carrier envelope offset frequency. Further, detection and locking of the comb spacings are often achieved using frequency division by electro-optic modulation. The thin-film lithium niobate photonic platform, with its low loss, strong second- and third-order nonlinearity, as well as large Pockels effect, is ideally suited for these tasks. However, octave-spanning soliton microcombs are challenging to demonstrate on this platform, largely complicated by strong Raman effects hindering reliable fabrication of soliton devices. Here, we demonstrate entirely connected and octave-spanning soliton microcombs on thin-film lithium niobate. With appropriate control over microresonator free spectral range and dissipation spectrum, we show that soliton-inhibiting Raman effects are suppressed, and soliton devices are fabricated with near-unity yield. Our work offers an unambiguous method for soliton generation on strongly Raman-active materials. Further, it anticipates monolithically integrated, self-referenced frequency standards in conjunction with established technologies, such as periodically poled waveguides and electro-optic modulators, on thin-film lithium niobate.
Additional file 1 of The combined effects of physical frailty and cognitive impairment on emergency department- versus direct-admission hospitalizations
Creators: name: Buta, Brian
name: Friedman, Ari B.
name: Chung, Shang-En
name: Sheehan, Orla C.
name: Blinka, Marcela D.
name: Gearhart, Susan L.
name: Xue, Qian-Li
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Louisiana Election Day Exit Poll
Creators: name: ABC News
name: CBS News
name: CNN
name: NBC News
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Elections for Governor(5); David Duke(1); Edwin Edwards(1); Bush vs. Duke political views(1); Duke for President in 1992(1); Bush job performance(1); 1990 senatorial election(1); state economy(1); abortion (1).
Computing exact moments of local random quantum circuits via tensor networks
Creators: name: Braccia, Paolo
name: Bermejo, Pablo
name: Cincio, Lukasz
name: Cerezo, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A basic primitive in quantum information is the computation of the moments $\mathbb{E}_U[{\rm Tr}[UρU^\dagger O]^t]$. These describe the distribution of expectation values obtained by sending a state $ρ$ through a random unitary $U$, sampled from some distribution, and measuring the observable $O$. While the exact calculation of these moments is generally hard, if $U$ is composed of local random gates, one can estimate $\mathbb{E}_U[{\rm Tr}[UρU^\dagger O]^t]$ by performing Monte Carlo simulations of a Markov chain-like process. However, this approach can require a prohibitively large number of samples, or suffer from the sign problem. In this work, we instead propose to estimate the moments via tensor networks, where the local gates moment operators are mapped to small dimensional tensors acting on their local commutant bases. By leveraging representation theoretical tools, we study the local tensor dimension and we provide bounds for the bond dimension of the matrix product states arising from deep circuits. We compare our techniques against Monte Carlo simulations, showing that we can significantly out-perform them. Then, we showcase how tensor networks can exactly compute the second moment when $U$ is a quantum neural network acting on thousands of qubits and having thousands of gates. To finish, we numerically study the anticoncentration phenomena of circuits with orthogonal random gates, a task which cannot be studied via Monte Carlo due to sign problems.
description: 15 + 8 pages, 9 figures, updated to published version