cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
ENHANCING THE ECONOMIC LIABILITY OF BIOREFINERIES BY TRANSFORMING LIGNIN FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASSES INTO HUMIC-LIKE SUBSTANCES WITH PLANT PROMOTING BIOACTIVITY
Creators: name: Savy, Davide
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2013

description: In this study, lignin from three biomasses (miscanthus, giant reed and a pre-treated giant reed) has been isolated by two different methodologies and thoroughly characterized to produce humic-like substances, which were shown to positively affect plant growth and physiology. The techniques employed concerned the use of either sulfuric acid (SAL) or hydrogen peroxide at alkaline pH (Ox). Low yields were obtained by the Ox-method (less than 30% of Klason lignin), whereas the amount of materials coming from the SAL-extractive method was even greater than the Klason lignin, maybe due to condensation reaction between lignin and plant cell wall carbohydrates. An aqueous solubility test at pH 7 showed that a large depolymerization was obtained with the Ox-method, due to oxidation of isolated lignin material. This was also supported by elemental analyses, which showed that Ox samples had large oxygen content. Conversely, the lignin materials obtained with the SAL method were less than 6% water-soluble, thereby indicating lower depolymerization fragmentation. Thermal analyses and both infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies confirmed the effectiveness of the two methods in separating cellulose from lignin. Size exclusion chromatography conducted on the Ox lignins from the three substrates, revealed nominal molecular sizes lower than 3000 Da for all substrates. Gas-chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses conducted on Ox-lignins extracted from raw miscanthus and giant reed biomasses, revealed a predominant abundance of guaiacyl-type molecule, though the small presence of sugars was also noted. Finally, different concentrations of aqueous solutions of lignins isolated by the Ox method from miscanthus and giant reed raw biomass were tested on the early stage of maize seedlings growth, in order to verify whether thse humic-like fragments displayed a plant biostimulation. Germination was not effected by any concentration of both lignin substrates, while root and shoot length were significantly enhanced at specific concentrations. These results are in accordance with some literature that indicated the bioativity of humic matter on plant growth parameters. These results suggest that water-soluble lignin fragments isolated from the lignocellulosic biomasses of this study exert hormone-like effects inasmuch as humic matter from soils of recycled biomasses. The employement of lignin residues from biorefineries in enhancing productivity of lignocellulosic biomasses in particular and agricultural crops in general appears to become an important contribution to the sustaiability of biorefineries.
Nonlinear electrodynamics effects on the black hole shadow, deflection angle, quasinormal modes and greybody factors
Creators: name: Okyay, Mert
name: Övgün, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we discuss the effects of nonlinear electrodynamics (NED) on non-rotating black holes, parametrized by the field coupling parameter $β$ and magnetic charge parameter $P$ in detail. Particularly, we survey physical properties of the magnetically charged black hole, thermodynamic properties, observational appearance, quasinormal modes and absorption cross sections. We then show that the black hole gets colder with increasing charge. Investigating the heat capacity, we see that the black hole is thermally stable, which is amplified by introduction of a generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) with a quantum gravity parameter $λ$. Then we compute the deflection angle at the weak field limit, by the Gauss-Bonnet theorem and the geodesic equation, showing that the magnetic charge has a contribution at the first order. By ray-tracing we simulate the observational appearance of a NED black hole with thin disk and spherical accretion. We find that the parameter $P$ has a very strong effect on the shadow radius. We consider quasinormal modes under massless scalar perturbations of the black hole and the greybody factor. We find that the charge introduces a slight difference in the fundamental frequency and that the greybody factor of the NED black hole is strongly steepened by the introduction of increasing charge. To present observational constrains, we show that the magnetic charge of the M87* black hole is between $0\leq P\leq0.024$ in units of M, in agreement with the idea that real astrophysical black holes are mostly neutral. We also find that LIGO/VIRGO and LISA could detect NED black hole perturbations from BHs with masses between $5M_\odot$ and $8.0\cdot 10^8\,M_\odot$. We finally show that for black holes with masses detected with LIGO so far, charged NED black holes would deviate from Schwarzschild by $5\sim 10$ Hz in their fundamental frequencies.
description: 36 pages. Accepted for publication in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (JCAP)
Voyage by Catamaran: Effecting Semantic Network "Bricolage" via Infinite-Dimensional Zero-Divisor Ensembles
Creators: name: de Marrais, Robert P. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Other Nonassociative rings and algebras (17D99); Semantic Networks (I.2.4)

description: Continuing arguments presented [1] or announced [2][3] in "Complex Systems," zero-divisor (ZD) foundations for "scale-free" networks (evinced, in particular, in the "fractality" of the Internet) are decentralized. Spandrels, quartets of ZD-free or "hidden" box-kite-like structures (HBKs) in the 2^(N+1)- ions, are "exploded" from (and uniquely linked to) each standard box-kite in the 2^N-ions, N > 3. Any HBK houses, in a "cowbird's nest," exactly one copy of the (ZD-free) octonions, the recursive basis for all ZD ensembles. Each is a potential waystation for alien-ensemble infiltration in the large, or metaphor-like jumps in the small. Cowbirding models what evolutionary biologists [4], and structural mythologist Claude Levi-Strauss before them [5], term bricolage: the opportunistic co-opting of objects designed for one purpose to serve others unrelated to it. Such arguments entail switching focus, from the octahedral box-kite's four triangular "sails," to its trio of square "catamarans" and their box-kite-switching "twist products."
description: 30 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, 20 references; V1 split into two parts, published separately: this longer will appear in "Complex Systems," where originally submitted (but with changed title); the shorter, in IEEE proceedings volume for October 18-20 ICNC-FSKD (Jinan, China), as "Natural Numbers, Natural Language: Architecting the Semantic Web."
Discovery of a steep-spectrum low-luminosity pulsar with the Murchison Widefield Array
Creators: name: Swainston, N. A.
name: Bhat, N. D. R.
name: Sokolowski, M.
name: McSweeney, S. J.
name: Kudale, S.
name: Dai, S.
name: Smith, K. R.
name: Morrison, I. S.
name: Shannon, R. M.
name: van Straten, W.
name: Xue, M.
name: Ord, S. M.
name: Tremblay, S. E.
name: Meyers, B. W.
name: Williams, A.
name: Sleap, G.
name: Johnston-Hollitt, M.
name: Kaplan, D. L.
name: Tingay, S. J.
name: Wayth, R. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of the first new pulsar with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), PSR J0036$-$1033, a long-period (0.9 s) nonrecycled pulsar with a dispersion measure (DM) of 23.1 ${\rm pc\,cm^{-3}}$. It was found after processing only a small fraction ($\sim$1%) of data from an ongoing all-sky pulsar survey. Follow-up observations have been made with the MWA, the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT), and the Parkes 64 m telescopes, spanning a frequency range from $\sim$150 MHz to 4 GHz. The pulsar is faint, with an estimated flux density ($S$) of $\sim$1 mJy at 400 MHz and a spectrum $S(ν)\,\propto\,ν^{-2.0 \pm 0.2}$, where $ν$ is frequency. The DM-derived distance implies that it is also a low-luminosity source ($\sim$ 0.1 ${\rm mJy\,kpc^2}$ at 1400 MHz). The analysis of archival MWA observations reveals that the pulsar's mean flux density varies by up to a factor of $\sim$5-6 on timescales of several weeks to months. By combining MWA and uGMRT data, the pulsar position was determined to arcsecond precision. We also report on polarization properties detected in the MWA and Parkes bands. The pulsar's nondetection in previous pulsar and continuum imaging surveys, the observed high variability, and its detection in a small fraction of the survey data searched to date, all hint at a larger population of pulsars that await discovery in the southern hemisphere, with the MWA and the future low-frequency Square Kilometre Array.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in The ApJ Letters
Degree of Orthomorphism Polynomials over Finite Fields
Creators: name: Allsop, Jack
name: Wanless, Ian M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11T06 (20D60, 05B15)

description: An orthomorphism over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ is a permutation $θ:\mathbb{F}_q\mapsto\mathbb{F}_q$ such that the map $x\mapstoθ(x)-x$ is also a permutation of $\mathbb{F}_q$. The degree of an orthomorphism of $\mathbb{F}_q$, that is, the degree of the associated reduced permutation polynomial, is known to be at most $q-3$. We show that this upper bound is achieved for all prime powers $q\notin\{2, 3, 5, 8\}$. We do this by finding two orthomorphisms in each field that differ on only three elements of their domain. Such orthomorphisms can be used to construct $3$-homogeneous Latin bitrades.
The adaptation to climate change communication experience in Navarre through LIFE-IP NAdapta-CC project
Creators: name: González Moreno, Miguel Ángel
name: Almarcegui Artieda, Itziar
name: Bautista Sanz, Isaías
name: Dozzi, Joël
Publisher: name: Gobierno de Navarra
Year: 2023
Subjects: Climate change
Navarre
Adaptation
Communication

description: The LIFE-IP NAdapta-CC project (LIFE16 IPC/ES/000001) is the first integrated European project for adaptation to climate change in the European Union for a region: Navarre. With fifty three actions, of which almost forty are of a technical nature, work is being carried out in various areas such as water, forests, agriculture, livestock, health, infrastructure and territorial planning, in addition to the monitoring portal and horizontal and transversal actions. Among the latter, a key transversal action is communication and networking. It is a fundamental part of the project to disseminate the progress of the actions, the value of the project and its technical activities, as well as to transfer the results and tools obtained.

The objective of the project, as well as of the Climate Change Roadmap for Navarre (HCCN-KLINA) of which it is a part, is to prepare citizens to tackle the effects of climate change. To carry out the purpose of a good project communication, it has been using different formulas. The dissemination of results through official press releases with their corresponding impacts on the media, the organization and/or participation in events as well as the preparation of training activities, and the continuous information through the official website together with interaction through social networks, are the fundamental communication lines to deal with climate change adaptation. 

The results obtained so far are diverse after six of the eight years that the project has lasted. Nevertheless, it has been detected that depending on the type of approach, the response of the public or the direct agents involved may be higher if the subject directly affects them. Furthermore, it has also been perceived that giving close examples sharpen attendees’ interest and allows them a better understanding of the issue and the possible measures to be implemented
Pre-selectable integer quantum conductance of electrochemically fabricated silver point contacts
Creators: name: Xie, F. -Q.
name: Maul, R.
name: Brendelberger, S.
name: Obermair, Ch.
name: Starikov, E. B.
name: Wenzel, W.
name: Schoen, G.
name: Schimmel, Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The controlled fabrication of well-ordered atomic-scale metallic contacts is of great interest: it is expected that the experimentally observed high percentage of point contacts with a conductance at non-integer multiples of the conductance quantum G_0 = 2e^2/h in simple metals is correlated to defects resulting from the fabrication process. Here we demonstrate a combined electrochemical deposition and annealing method which allows the controlled fabrication of point contacts with pre-selectable integer quantum conductance. The resulting conductance measurements on silver point contacts are compared with tight-binding-like conductance calculations of modeled idealized junction geometries between two silver crystals with a predefined number of contact atoms.
Nuclear condensation and the equation of state of nuclear matter
Creators: name: De, J. N.
name: Samaddar, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The isothermal compression of a dilute nucleonic gas invoking cluster degrees of freedom is studied in an equilibrium statistical model; this clusterized system is found to be more stable than the pure nucleonic system. The equation of state (EoS) of this matter shows features qualitatively very similar to the one obtained from pure nucleonic gas. In the isothermal compression process, there is a sudden enhancement of clusterization at a transition density rendering features analogous to the gas-liquid phase transition in normal dilute nucleonic matter. Different observables like the caloric curves, heat capacity, isospin distillation, etc. are studied in both the models. Possible changes in the observables due to recently indicated medium modifications in the symmetry energy are also investigated.
description: 18 pages and 11 figures. Phys. Rev. C (in press)
Performance scaling and trade-offs for collective motor-driven transport
Creators: name: Leighton, Matthew P.
name: Sivak, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motor-driven intracellular transport of organelles, vesicles, and other molecular cargo is a highly collective process. An individual cargo is often pulled by a team of transport motors, with numbers ranging from only a few to several hundred. We explore the behavior of these systems using a stochastic model for transport of molecular cargo by an arbitrary number N of motors obeying linear Langevin dynamics, finding analytic solutions for the N-dependence of the velocity, precision of forward progress, energy flows between different system components, and efficiency. In two opposing regimes, we show that these properties obey simple scaling laws with N. Finally, we explore trade-offs between performance metrics as N is varied, providing insight into how different numbers of motors might be well-matched to distinct contexts where different performance metrics are prioritized.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Canonical structure of dynamical fluctuations in mesoscopic nonequilibrium steady states
Creators: name: Maes, Christian
name: Netočný, Karel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give the explicit structure of the functional governing the dynamical density and current fluctuations for a mesoscopic system in a nonequilibrium steady state. Its canonical form determines a generalised Onsager-Machlup theory. We assume that the system is described as a Markov jump process satisfying a local detailed balance condition such as typical for stochastic lattice gases and for chemical networks. We identify the entropy current and the traffic between the mesoscopic states as extra terms in the fluctuation functional with respect to the equilibrium dynamics. The density and current fluctuations are coupled in general, except close to equilibrium where their decoupling explains the validity of entropy production principles.
description: 6 pages; extension with an example added, a section removed
« Le temps un enfant qui joue. Mais à quoi ? La perspective ludographique », in D. Bouvier and V. Dasen (eds), Héraclite : Le temps est un enfant qui joue, Collection Jeu/ Play/Spiel 1, Liège, Presses Universitaires de Liège, 2020, p. 147-158.
Creators: name: Schaëdler, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Heraclitus’ fragment 52 D.-K., evoking the idea that eternal time is a child
 playing, still challenges philosophers, archaeologists, and philologists. It is usually part of discussions about the notion of time in antiquity, but it also concerns the history of games. The understanding of this sentence depends primarily on the answer to the question: what kind of play is this child doing exactly (παίζων), and what is the importance of the additional information that he plays with pawns (πεσσεύων)? It is surprising to note that even in recent studies this crucial issue is not discussed at all or in a superficial way due to lack of attention for the history of ancient games. The aim of this study is to show that ludography can contribute to the interpretation of this sentence.
Effect of grazing muzzles on grazing miniature horse behavior and physiological stress
Creators: name: Davis, Kristina
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Animal sciences
subject: Behavior
subject: Grazing
subject: Horse
subject: Stress

description: Grazing muzzles are highly effective at reducing forage intake in horses and are a popular tool to control horse weight. However, grazing muzzle design may cause horses stress. The objective of these studies was to determine how grazing muzzles impact behavior and physiological stress in grazing horses. Two groups of 6 miniature horses, housed individually or in a herd, wore grazing muzzles for 0, 10, and 24 h/d. Over 9 weeks, body weight, heart rate parameters, salivary cortisol concentrations, and observations of behavior were collected. Results indicate muzzling did not seem to cause physiological stress as measured by cardiac and salivary cortisol parameters but did alter grazing and locomotive patterns. Muzzling for 24 h/d was necessary for weight loss and was associated with lower heart rate and higher heart rate variability. These findings suggest that muzzles do not cause stress in horses, even if left on for 24 h/d.
NMR of solutes in nematic liquid crystals : an investigation of the mechanisms of orientational ordering
Creators: name: Van Der Est, Arthur James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Dipolar and quadrupolar couplings measured from NMR experiments, and order parameters obtained from these couplings, are reported for a number of small solutes dissolved in several nematic liquid crystals. These results are discussed in terms of the solute-solvent interactions. It has been shown that the interaction between the solute molecular quadrupole moment and a mean external electric field gradient due to the liquid crystal accounts for most but not all of the ordering of molecular hydrogen. The remaining contribution to ordering is discussed in terms of possible mechanisms. The anisotropic couplings observed for methane and acetylene are discussed in terms of a model which takes into account the interaction between the vibrations and rotations of the solute. Excellent agreement between the observed and calculated dipolar couplings is obtained. Evidence is given that these two solutes experience the same field gradient as molecular hydrogen. In a mixture of 55wt per cent 1132 (Merck ZLI 1132) and 45wt per cent EBBA (N-(4-ethoxybenzylidene)-4'-n-butylaniline at 301.4K the deuterons in D₂ experience no external electric field gradient. The order parameters of a series of solutes in this mixture are calculated in terms of a simple model for the short range interactions which depend on the size and shape of the solute. These calculated order parameters are in very good agreement with the experimental results. In liquid crystals where the field gradient is not zero it is shown that the combination of the short range interaction model and the electric field gradient - molecular quadrupole moment mechanism predicts the order parameters very well.
Mass spectra of doubly heavy tetraquarks in an improved chromomagnetic interaction model
Creators: name: Guo, Tao
name: Li, Jianing
name: Zhao, Jiaxing
name: He, Lianyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Doubly heavy tetraquark states are the prime candidates for tightly bound exotic states. We present a systematic study of the mass spectra of the $S$-wave doubly heavy tetraquark states $QQ\bar{q}\bar{q}$ ($q=u, d, s$ and $Q=c, b$) with different quantum numbers $J^P=0^+$, $1^+$, and $2^+$ in the framework of the improved chromomagnetic interaction (ICMI) model. The parameters in the ICMI model are obtained by fitting the conventional hadron spectra and are used directly to predict the masses of the tetraquark states. For heavy quarks, the uncertainties of the parameters are obtained by comparing the masses of doubly and triply heavy baryons with those given by lattice QCD, QCD sum rules, and potential models. Several compact and stable bound states are found in both the doubly charmed and doubly bottomed tetraquark systems. The predicted mass of the $cc\bar u\bar d$ state is consistent with the recent measurement from the LHCb collaboration.
Monte Carlo likelihood inference for missing data models
Creators: name: Sung, Yun Ju
name: Geyer, Charles J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62F12 (Primary); 65C05 (Secondary)

description: We describe a Monte Carlo method to approximate the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE), when there are missing data and the observed data likelihood is not available in closed form. This method uses simulated missing data that are independent and identically distributed and independent of the observed data. Our Monte Carlo approximation to the MLE is a consistent and asymptotically normal estimate of the minimizer $θ^*$ of the Kullback--Leibler information, as both Monte Carlo and observed data sample sizes go to infinity simultaneously. Plug-in estimates of the asymptotic variance are provided for constructing confidence regions for $θ^*$. We give Logit--Normal generalized linear mixed model examples, calculated using an R package.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053606000001389 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Undergraduate Research and Microbiology Science Community (µRAMS) lighning talk BIOME Institute 2021
Creators: name: Borlee, Grace
name: Kinkel, Traci
name: McGrew, Ashley
name: Popichak, Katriana
name: Mehaffy, Carolina
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2021

description: The uRAMS (undergraduate Research and Microbiology Science community) was created by faculty and researchers at Colorado State University as part of our engagement with the 2021 BIOME Institute. Our group focused on the development of resourcers that undergraduate researchers may find helpful when conducting research in STEM fields. The video contains a short description of the resources we will developed as a 5 module semester long course. These include: 1. Introduction to research to showcase what a research laboratory, how it works and who participates in research; 2. Oral communication skills, including science communication and the development of a Scientist Spotlight; 3. Tips and tricks to read and write scientific literature, including poster designing and abstract writing, 4. Quantitative skills where we will develop a microbiology datanugget and scientist spotlight and will focus on graphing and basic data analysis, and 5. Wellness and DEI in the context of undergraduate research.
Social Infrastructure: Creating a Community Place to Bridge an Urban Divide
Creators: name: Broxmeyer, Emily
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Infrastructure such as railroads have the ability to split communities in half, creating a divide physically and culturally. This divide is historically shown through segregation of race, income and education. The beach front city of Asbury Park, New Jersey was developed in the late 1800s, and was subsequently expanded and developed to the west of the train tracks based off segregation of race and class. This thesis explores how creating a community market space at the point of greatest separation can bridge communities that have long been divided. Along with this, the thesis will look at how community programming can strengthen a city’s identity and welcome visitors to promote local businesses and encourage further development in the area.
Transmittance Multispectral Imaging for Reheated Coconut Oil Differentiation
Creators: name: Ranasinghe, D. Y. L.
name: Weerasooriya, H. M. H. K.
name: Herath, S.
name: Ekanayake, M. P. B.
name: Herath, H. M. V. R.
name: Godaliyadda, G. M. R. I.
name: Madhujith, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Oil reheating has a significant impact on global health due to its extensive consumption, especially in South Asia, and severe health risks. Nevertheless, food image analysis using multispectral imaging systems(MISs) has not been applied to oil reheating analysis despite their vast application in rapid food quality screening. To that end, the paper discusses the application of a low-cost MSI to estimate the 'reheat cycle count classes' (number of times an oil sample is recursively heated) and identify 'critical classes' at which substantial changes in the oil sample have materialized. Firstly, the reheat cycle count class is estimated with Bhattacharyya distance between the reheated and a pure oil sample as the input. The classification was performed using a support vector machine classifier that resulted in an accuracy of 83.34 % for reheat cycle count identification. Subsequently, an unsupervised clustering procedure was introduced using a modified spectral clustering (SC) algorithm to distinguish critical classes under reheating. In addition, laboratory experiments were performed to ascertain the ramifications of the reheating process with a chemical analysis. The chemical analysis of the coconut oil samples used in the experiment coincided with the chemical analysis results and was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Accordingly, the proposed work closes the gap for using multispectral imaging for oil reheating and proposes a novel algorithm for unsupervised detection of critical property changes in the oil. Hence, the proposed research work is significant in its practical implications, contribution to food image analysis, and unsupervised classification mechanisms.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, pre-print
Designing Technology to Increase Adoption of Healthy Behaviors in Men in the Context of Light Food Consumption
Creators: name: Smriti, Diva
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information science
subject: Design
subject: Information technology
subject: Design
subject: Gender differences
subject: Health
subject: Human-Computer Interaction
subject: Nutrition

description: Women are more likely than men to engage in healthy eating behaviors. However, men do strongly believe eating healthy, but this does not translate into their eating behaviors. Thus, there is a discrepancy in the health beliefs and behaviors of men, especially in the context of light food consumption. In this study, I aim to understand this discrepancy among young men in depth. I conducted a week-long diary study of the food items consumed by the participants (N = 17) who were all male, followed by semi-structured interviews. Findings indicate the lack of a verified and automated source of nutritional knowledge, misinformation about light food consumption among other themes, and design implications to the current nutrition-tracking mobile applications. This work contributes to the understudied existing literature on men’s food behaviors, the challenges faced by them in adopting healthy eating behaviors in the context of light food consumption, and the role mobile applications play in helping them do so.
Orchestrating Community: Revitalizing East Frederick through a New Hub for the Arts
Creators: name: Tonkay, Marissa Jayne
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: architecture
subject: arts
subject: community
subject: design
subject: frederick
subject: orchestrating

description: This thesis intends to explore placemaking through the introduction of a community arts center. As a historic city filled with art, festivals, and musicians, Frederick is well-known as a trendy destination. The city and its surrounding suburbs host several public venues designated for art performances and individual private lessons; however, the city itself lacks a unified artistic identity and a physical expression of Frederick’s arts culture. The city needs a central, accessible hub for ensemble music and public performance and exhibit space for beginners or small groups that, together, make up Frederick’s arts culture. The thesis examines an artistic hub which includes education, performance, and mixed-use residential spaces for creators to learn, perform, live, and collaborate. Utilizing survey-derived community desires and needs as a design driver, the thesis will study placemaking and investigate the artistic identity of Frederick to strengthen the city’s designation as an Arts & Entertainment District.
Μητρότητα. Σκέψεις και συναισθήματα γυναικών άνω των 30 ετών για τη μητρότητα και μη μητρότητα
Creators: name: Ευαγγελοπούλου, Μαρία Γεωργίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2023
Subjects: Μητρότητα
Αμφιθυμία
Άγχος
Motherhood
Ambivalence
Anxiety

description: Στόχος της παρούσας έρευνας ήταν να εξετάσει τις σκέψεις και τα συναισθήματα γυναικών, 30-50 ετών, χωρίς παιδιά, για το ενδεχόμενο της μητρότητας και μη μητρότητας στη ζωή τους. Διερευνήθηκε, κατά πόσο οι διαφορετικές διαστάσεις του κάθε ενδεχομένου, τις απασχολούσαν και σε ποιο βαθμό. Οι απαντήσεις τους συγκρίθηκαν με τις αντίστοιχες απαντήσεις, που έδωσαν γυναίκες μητέρες, για να διαπιστωθεί αν, μετά την απόκτηση του παιδιού, αξιολογούν τις ίδιες διαστάσεις ως εξίσου σημαντικές και σε τι βαθμό. Έπειτα, επιχειρήθηκε να βρεθούν πιθανές συσχετίσεις των απαντήσεων τους, ως προς δυσλειτουργικά Σχήματα κατά Young και τις διαστάσεις "Κατάθλιψης", "Άγχους" και "Στρες" κατά DASS 21
description: The aim of this research was to examine the thoughts and feelings of women, aged 30-50, without children, about the possibility of motherhood and non-motherhood in their lives. It was investigated whether the different dimensions of each eventuality concerned them and to what extent. Their answers were compared with the corresponding answers, given by female mothers, to see if, after having a child, they rate the same dimensions as equally important and to what extent. Then, an attempt was made to find possible correlations of their answers, in terms of dysfunctional Schemas according to Young and the dimensions "Depression", "Anxiety" and "Stress" according to DASS 21
On combinatorial model categories
Creators: name: Rosicky, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18G55

description: Combinatorial model categories were introduced by J. H. Smith as model categories which are locally presentable and cofibrantly generated. He has not published his results yet but proofs of some of them were presented by T. Beke or D. Dugger. We are contributing to this endeavour by proving that weak equivalences in a combinatorial model category form an accessible category. We also present some new results about weak equivalences and cofibrations in combinatorial model categories.
Towards Faster MRI Acquisition
Creators: name: Peng, Cheng
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Electrical engineering

description: Extensive research on accelerating Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been done on two fronts: (i) hardware acceleration, and (ii) image post processing. We present the results of our work on image post processing, where the input is a sparsely sampled volumetric images, and our deep-learning based models seek to output the original, densely sampled images. Specifically, we propose two different methods at accelerating MRI, in two different aspects of the MR acquisition process. First, We propose a marginal super-resolution (MSR) approach based on 2D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for interpolating an anisotropic brain magnetic resonance scan along the highly under-sampled direction. Previous methods for slice interpolation only consider data from pairs of adjacent 2D slices. The possibility of fusing information from the direction orthogonal to the 2D slices remains unexplored. Our approach performs MSR in both sagittal and coronal directions, which provides an initial estimate for slice interpolation. The interpolated slices are then fused and refined in the axial direction for improved consistency. Since MSR consists of only 2D operations, it is more feasible in terms of GPU memory consumption and requires fewer training samples compared to 3D CNNs. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms traditional linear interpolation and baseline 2D/3D CNN-based approaches. We conclude by showcasing the method's practical utility in estimating brain volumes from under-sampled brain MR scans through semantic segmentation. Secondly, although undersampled MR image recovery has been widely studied for accelerated MR acquisition, it has been mostly studied under a single sequence scenario, despite the fact that multi-sequence MR scan is common in practice. We aim to optimize multi-sequence MR image recovery from undersampled k-space data under an overall time constraint while considering the difference in acquisition time for various sequences. We first formulate it as a constrained optimization problem and then show that finding the optimal sampling strategy for all sequences and the best recovery model at the same time is combinatorial and hence computationally prohibitive. To solve this problem, we propose a blind recovery model that simultaneously recovers multiple sequences, and an efficient approach to find the near-optimal combination of sampling strategy and recovery model. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed method not only outperforms sequence-wise recovery, but also sheds light on how to optimally undersample the k-space for each sequence within an overall time budget.
Homogeneous Linear Ion Crystal in a Hybrid Potential
Creators: name: Li, Ming-shen
name: Liu, Yang
name: Rao, Xin-Xin
name: Lu, Peng-Fei
name: Wang, Zhao
name: Zhu, Feng
name: Luo, Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the properties of a linear ion crystal in a combination of quadratic and quartic potentials. Both the discrete and the continuous model are employed to explore the homogeneity of a linear ion crystal by controlling the proportional parameter between the quadratic and quartic components. It is found that a uniform ion distribution in such a hybrid potential can be made larger than that in a purely quadratic or quartic potential. The zigzag transition is also investigated in the hybrid potential. Its critical condition and phase diagram are determined numerically, which agrees well with previous theoretical and experimental results. This paves the way for experimental investigation of phase transition in a large linear coulomb crystal.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
The properties of the putative pulsar associated with IGR J18135-1751/HESS J1813-178
Creators: name: Dean, A. J.
name: Hill, A. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: We investigate the possible theoretical properties of the putative pulsar associated with the pulsar wind nebula IGR J18135-1751/HESS J1813-178 based upon recent gamma-ray observations and archival multi-wavelength observations. Aims: We show that when using the standard equations for magnetic dipole radiation with recent soft gamma-ray observations leads to deriving an extreme set of parameters (magnetic field, period and spin down rate) for the putative pulsar. Alternative scenarios that generate more typical parameter values are explored. Methods: The properties of the putative pulsar are calculated assuming that the 20-100 keV luminosity corresponds to 1% of Edot, that the source is 4.5 kpc away, and that the pulsar age is 300 yrs. This gives P = 0.55 s, Pdot = 3E-11 s/s, and B = 1.28E14 G. This is a very extreme set compared to the population of known pulsars in PWN systems. Using the equations for magnetic dipole losses makes it possible to adjust the initial assumptions to see what is required for a more reasonable set of pulsar parameters. Results: The current measured properties for IGR J18135-1751/HESS J1813-178 (i.e. luminosity, distance, and age) result in extreme properties of the unseen pulsar within the PWN. The simplest method for achieving more reasonable properties for the pulsar is to decouple the spin-down age of the pulsar from the actual age for the system.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication as a Research Note in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Multi-Frequency Implicit Semi-analog Monte-Carlo (ISMC) Radiative Transfer Solver in Two-Dimensions (without Teleportation)
Creators: name: Steinberg, Elad
name: Heizler, Shay I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the multi-dimensional radiative transfer phenomena using the ISMC scheme, in both gray and multi-frequency problems. Implicit Monte-Carlo (IMC) schemes have been in use for five decades. The basic algorithm yields teleportation errors, where photons propagate faster than the correct heat front velocity. Recently [Poëtte and Valentin, J. Comp. Phys., 412, 109405 (2020)], a new implicit scheme based on the semi-analog scheme was presented and tested in several one-dimensional gray problems. In this scheme, the material energy of the cell is carried by material-particles, and the photons are produced only from existing material particles. As a result, the teleportation errors vanish, due to the infinite discrete spatial accuracy of the scheme. We examine the validity of the new scheme in two-dimensional problems, both in Cartesian and Cylindrical geometries. Additionally, we introduce an expansion of the new scheme for multi-frequency problems. We show that the ISMC scheme presents excellent results without teleportation errors in a large number of benchmarks, especially against the slow classic IMC convergence.
description: 23 pages, 23 figures
THE EXAMINATION OF NATIONAL-NUTRITION POLICIES ON NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASE MORTALITY AT VARIOUS STAGES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A CROSS-COUNTRY PERSPECTIVE
Creators: name: Gupta, Manisha
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Public health
subject: Effectiveness
subject: mortality
subject: Noncommunicable
subject: Nutrition

description: The acceleration of economic growth over the past few decades introduces the need to reorient policy to address the needs and challenges for a healthier population. This paper will review the effectiveness of national nutrition policies targeting overweight, healthy diets during pregnancy, infancy and childhood, and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) across advanced economies and transitional economies. The level of expansion and industrialization of food systems around the world have had a direct impact on nutritional status and health. Considering the magnitude of nationwide public health responses to shifts in mortality have varied over time, this introduces the need to assess the ability for dietary-related policies to successfully reduce NCDs. Results from this analysis can provide a strong rationale as to when interventions will be most effective as well as ways in which we can carry out a timely response in establishing effective policies for countries at different levels of economic development.
Limited feedback scheme using tensor decompositions for FDD massive MIMO systems
Creators: name: Joe, Kevin Jinho
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: FDD massive MIMO
Canonical polyadic decomposition
Tensor factorization
Channel estimation

description: We propose a novel limited feedback scheme for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems in frequency-division duplexing (FDD) wideband system. We assume that the user (UE) has knowledge of a downlink (DL) channel estimate. In order for massive MIMO systems to achieve high capacity, the base station (BS) must have the DL channel state information. Traditional feedback methods cannot work because channels for massive MIMO systems are usually too large to feedback within the coherence time. Our goal is to feedback the DL channel estimate from the UE back to the BS with as little information as possible. Our method uses two different tensor decompositions, the canonical polyadic decomposition (CPD) and the rank-(L [subscript r], L [subscript r], 1) or LL-1 block decomposition, on the DL frequency channel to estimate its parameters. By feeding back only the channel parameters, we show through simulations that our method is able to efficiently and accurately reconstruct the DL channel.
Supporting Information from Controlled molecular arrangement of easily aggregated deoxycholate with layered double hydroxide
Creators: name: Lee, Kyounghyoun
name: Xie, Jing
name: Park, Hyeonjin
name: Jung, Hyun
name: Oh, Jae-Min
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023

description: Deoxycholate (DA) is a natural emulsifying agent involved in the absorption of dietary lipids. Due to the facial distribution of hydrophobic-hydrophilic region, DA easily aggregates under ambient conditions, and this property hinders the practical application of DA in clinical application. In this study, we found that the molecular arrangement of DA molecules could be controlled by using layered double hydroxide (LDH) under a specific reaction condition. The effect of reaction methods such as co-precipitation, ion exchange and reconstruction on the molecular arrangement of DA was investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. It was demonstrated that the self-aggregation of DA molecules could be suppressed by the oriented arrangement of DA between the gallery space of LDH. The DA moiety was well stabilized in the LDH layers due to the electrostatic interaction between DA molecules and LDH layers. The most ordered arrangement of DA molecules was observed when DA was incorporated into LDH via a reconstruction method. The DA molecules arranged in LDH via reconstruction did not show significant exothermic nor endothermic behaviour upto 400°C, showing that the DA moiety lost its intermolecular attraction in between LDH layers.
Chains of Skyrmions
Creators: name: Harland, Derek
name: Ward, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Skyrme chains are topologically-nontrivial solutions of the Skyrme model which are (quasi-)periodic in one spatial direction. We report numerical and analytic investigations which show that such solutions exist. Chains of 1-skyrmions are reasonably well approximated both as parallel vortex-antivortex pairs, and in terms of the holonomy of Yang-Mills calorons. As the period increases, the 1-skyrmions clump together, for example giving chains of 2-skyrmions or 4-skyrmions.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
Safety-enhanced UAV Path Planning with Spherical Vector-based Particle Swarm Optimization
Creators: name: Phung, Manh Duong
name: Ha, Quang Phuc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents a new algorithm named spherical vector-based particle swarm optimization (SPSO) to deal with the problem of path planning for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in complicated environments subjected to multiple threats. A cost function is first formulated to convert the path planning into an optimization problem that incorporates requirements and constraints for the feasible and safe operation of the UAV. SPSO is then used to find the optimal path that minimizes the cost function by efficiently searching the configuration space of the UAV via the correspondence between the particle position and the speed, turn angle and climb/dive angle of the UAV. To evaluate the performance of SPSO, eight benchmarking scenarios have been generated from real digital elevation model maps. The results show that the proposed SPSO outperforms not only other particle swarm optimization (PSO) variants including the classic PSO, phase angle-encoded PSO and quantum-behave PSO but also other state-of-the-art metaheuristic optimization algorithms including the genetic algorithm (GA), artificial bee colony (ABC), and differential evolution (DE) in most scenarios. In addition, experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the validity of the generated paths for real UAV operations. Source code of the algorithm can be found at https://github.com/duongpm/SPSO.