cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
FPTAS for #BIS with Degree Bounds on One Side
Creators: name: Liu, Jingcheng
name: Lu, Pinyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.2; G.2.1
subject: 05C70

description: Counting the number of independent sets for a bipartite graph (#BIS) plays a crucial role in the study of approximate counting. It has been conjectured that there is no fully polynomial-time (randomized) approximation scheme (FPTAS/FPRAS) for #BIS, and it was proved that the problem for instances with a maximum degree of $6$ is already as hard as the general problem. In this paper, we obtain a surprising tractability result for a family of #BIS instances. We design a very simple deterministic fully polynomial-time approximation scheme (FPTAS) for #BIS when the maximum degree for one side is no larger than $5$. There is no restriction for the degrees on the other side, which do not even have to be bounded by a constant. Previously, FPTAS was only known for instances with a maximum degree of $5$ for both sides.
description: 15 pages, to appear in STOC 2015; Improved presentations from previous version;
Digital pen technology for conducting cognitive assessments: a cross-over study with older adults
Creators: name: Heimann-Steinert, Anika
name: Latendorf, Antje
name: Prange, A.
name: Sonntag, D.
name: Müller-Werdan, Ursula
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cross-Over Studies
subject: Reproducibility of Results
subject: Trail Making Test
subject: Aged
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Many digitalized cognitive assessments exist to increase reliability, standardization, and objectivity. Particularly in older adults, the performance of digitized cognitive assessments can lead to poorer test results if they are unfamiliar with the computer, mouse, keyboard, or touch screen. In a cross-over design study, 40 older adults (age M = 74.4 ± 4.1 years) conducted the Trail Making Test A and B with a digital pen (digital pen tests, DPT) and a regular pencil (pencil tests, PT) to identify differences in performance. Furthermore, the tests conducted with a digital pen were analyzed manually (manual results, MR) and electronically (electronic results, ER) by an automized system algorithm to determine the possibilities of digital pen evaluation. ICC(2,k) showed a good level of agreement for TMT A (ICC(2,k) = 0.668) and TMT B (ICC(2,k) = 0.734) between PT and DPT. When comparing MR and ER, ICC(2,k) showed an excellent level of agreement in TMT A (ICC(2,k) = 0.999) and TMT B (ICC(2,k) = 0.994). The frequency of pen lifting correlates significantly with the execution time in TMT A (r = 0.372, p = 0.030) and TMT B (r = 0.567, p < 0.001). A digital pen can be used to perform the Trail Making Test, as it has been shown that there is no difference in the results due to the type of pen used. With a digital pen, the advantages of digitized testing can be used without having to accept the disadvantages.
Reusing Field Survey Data for New Questions: A Case Study from The Sibaritide Region (Calabria, Italy)
Creators: name: Parini, Martina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Archaeology
Re-use

description: This contribution presents a case study about the reuse of archaeological field survey data from my ongoing PhD research, focused on the analysis of Southern Italy’s rural landscapes during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The primary goal of the project is to identify and explain large-scale diachronic patterns in the organisation of the countryside by comparing regional variations and similarities, based on pedestrian survey data. In this poster, I look at the characteristics and significance of low-density pottery scatters, which are classified as ‘off-site’: these surface distributions are generally interpreted as important traces of long-term agricultural practices, temporal activities, or post-depositional actions. Therefore, they can contribute to reconstructing land-use strategies and contextualising the sites. The two datasets analysed were collected between 2000 and 2014 in the Sibaritide region (northern Calabria, Italy) within the framework of different projects, one by the University of Groningen (Raganello Archaeological Project) and one by the University of Calabria (Castrovillari municipality). Each project used different methodologies, regarding for example sampling strategies and the definition of survey units. Having the possibility to access and query the primary databases of the projects, data selection and different approaches are utilised to answer the research questions. In addition, this project plans to merge the datasets by applying the mapping tools and standards developed by the Roman Hinterland Database Project, which created an integrated database for the suburbium of Rome.
Pharmacokinetic Comparison To Determine the Mechanisms Underlying the Differential Efficacies of Cationic Diamidines against First- and Second-Stage Human African Trypanosomiasis
Creators: name: Wu, Huali
name: Miller, Patrik N.
name: Wenzler, Tanja
name: Wang, Michael Zhuo
name: Yang, Sihyung
name: Boykin, David W.
name: Brun, Reto
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: ABSTRACT Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), a neglected tropical disease, is fatal without treatment. Pentamidine, a cationic diamidine, has been used to treat first-stage (hemolymphatic) HAT since the 1940s, but it is ineffective against second-stage (meningoencephalitic, or central nervous system [CNS]) infection. Novel diamidines (DB75, DB820, and DB829) have shown promising efficacy in both mouse and monkey models of first-stage HAT. However, only DB829 cured animals with second-stage infection. In this study, we aimed to determine the mechanisms underlying the differential efficacies of these diamidines against HAT by conducting a comprehensive pharmacokinetic characterization. This included the determination of metabolic stability in liver microsomes, permeability across MDCK and MDR1-MDCK cell monolayers, interaction with the efflux transporter MDR1 (P-glycoprotein 1 or P-gp), drug binding in plasma and brain, and plasma and brain concentration-time profiles after a single dose in mice. The results showed that DB829, an azadiamidine, had the highest systemic exposure and brain-to-plasma ratio, whereas pentamidine and DB75 had the lowest. None of these diamidines was a P-gp substrate, and the binding of each to plasma proteins and brain differed greatly. The brain-to-plasma ratio best predicted the relative efficacies of these diamidines in mice with second-stage infection. In conclusion, pharmacokinetics and CNS penetration influenced the in vivo efficacies of cationic diamidines against first- and second-stage HAT and should be considered when developing CNS-active antitrypanosomal diamidines.
Neutrinos and Collider Physics
Creators: name: Deppisch, Frank F.
name: Dev, P. S. Bhupal
name: Pilaftsis, Apostolos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the collider phenomenology of neutrino physics and the synergetic aspects at energy, intensity and cosmic frontiers to test the new physics behind the neutrino mass mechanism. In particular, we focus on seesaw models within the minimal setup as well as with extended gauge and/or Higgs sectors, and on supersymmetric neutrino mass models with seesaw mechanism and with $R$-parity violation. In the simplest Type-I seesaw scenario with sterile neutrinos, we summarize and update the current experimental constraints on the sterile neutrino mass and its mixing with the active neutrinos. We also discuss the future experimental prospects of testing the seesaw mechanism at colliders and in related low-energy searches for rare processes, such as lepton flavor violation and neutrinoless double beta decay. The implications of the discovery of lepton number violation at the LHC for leptogenesis are also studied.
description: 38 pages, 12 figures; invited review prepared for the New Journal of Physics; journal version
HIGH-PRECISION RADIO and INFRARED ASTROMETRY of LSPM J1314+1320AB. II. TESTING PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE MODELS at the LITHIUM DEPLETION BOUNDARY with DYNAMICAL MASSES
Creators: name: Rizzuto, A.C.
name: Forbrich, J.
name: Kraus, A.L.
name: Aller, K.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Dupuy, T.J.
name: Berger, E.
name: Liu, M.C.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2016

description: We present novel tests of pre-main-sequence models based on individual dynamical masses for the M7 binary LSPM J1314+1320AB. Joint analysis of Keck adaptive optics astrometric monitoring along with Very Long Baseline Array radio data from a companion paper yield component masses of 92.8 ±0.6 M Jup(0.0885 ±0.0006 M ⊙) and 91.7 ±1.0 M Jup(0.0875 ±0.0010 M ⊙) and a parallactic distance of 17.249 ±0.013 pc. We find component luminosities consistent with the system being coeval at 80.8 ±2.5 Myr, according to BHAC15 evolutionary models. The presence of lithium is consistent with model predictions, marking the first test of the theoretical lithium depletion boundary using ultracool dwarfs of known mass. However, we find that the evolutionary model-derived average effective temperature (2950 ±5 K) is 180 K hotter than that given by a spectral type- relation based on BT-Settl models (2770 ±100 K). We suggest that the dominant source of this discrepancy is model radii being too small by ≈13%. In a test mimicking the typical application of models by observers, we derive masses on the H-R diagram using luminosity and BT-Settl temperature. The estimated masses are lower by (2.0σ) than we measure dynamically and would imply that this is a system of ≈50 M Jupbrown dwarfs, highlighting the large systematic errors possible in H-R diagram properties. This is the first time masses have been measured for ultracool (≥M6) dwarfs displaying spectral signatures of low gravity. Based on features in the infrared, LSPM J1314+1320AB appears to have higher gravity than typical Pleiades and AB Dor members, opposite the expectation given its younger age. The components of LSPM J1314+1320AB are now the nearest, lowest mass pre-main-sequence stars with direct mass measurements.
First evidence of vertical Hepatozoon canis transmission in dogs in Europe
Creators: name: Schäfer, Ingo
name: Müller, Elisabeth
name: Nijhof, Ard M.
name: Aupperle-Lellbach, Heike
name: Loesenbeck, Gerhard
name: Cramer, Sybille
name: Naucke, Torsten J.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Hepatozoonosis
subject: Canine
subject: Transplacental
subject: Infection
subject: Hepatozoon canis
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Background Hepatozoon canis is a protozoal agent that is known to be transmitted by oral uptake of H. canis-infected Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks in dogs. Vertical transmission of H. canis has only been described once in a study evaluating dogs from Japan. The aim of this study was to investigate the parasitological status of puppies from a bitch that had tested positive for Hepatozoon spp. prior to giving birth. Findings A 4-year-old, female, pregnant dog imported from Italy (Sardinia) to Germany showed clinical signs of lethargy and tachypnoea and tested positive for H. canis by PCR. The dog gave birth to eight puppies, one of which was stillborn and another that had to be reanimated. Haematology, buffy coat analysis and a biochemistry profile were performed for each dog. EDTA-blood of the surviving seven puppies and bone marrow, liver, spleen, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord of the stillborn puppy was tested for the presence of Hepatozoon spp. by PCR. The mother and the seven surviving puppies tested positive for H. canis by PCR at day 62 post-partum. Gamonts were detected in all dogs by buffy coat evaluation. Haematological and biochemistry results revealed mild abnormalities. In the stillborn puppy, spleen, umbilical cord, and amniotic fluid were positive for H. canis. Conclusion The results confirm that vertical transmission is a possible route of H. canis infection in dogs, demonstrated by molecular detection of the pathogen in the stillborn puppy. In the seven surviving puppies, vertical transmission was the most likely transmission route. A potential impact of the level of parasitaemia on the health of puppies, as well as its pathogenesis, should be investigated further.
Decomposition of multilayer superconductivity with interlayer pairing
Creators: name: Yang, Yi-feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that multilayer superconductivity with interlayer pairing may naturally decompose into a series of weakly-coupled bilayer and trilayer superconducting blocks in order to minimize its total free energy. Our work is motivated by the recent proposal of interlayer pairing induced by the interlayer superexchange interaction of nearly half-filled $d_{z^2}$ orbitals in the bilayer and trilayer nickelate superconductors. We explore general properties of interlayer pairing superconductivity and perform systematic Ginzburg-Landau analyses of an effective multilayer model. For real materials, our results imply strong superconducting order parameter modulation and short coherence length along the $z$-axis (perpendicular to the layers). This reveals a unique feature of multilayer superconductivity with interlayer pairing and provides a basic framework for future experimental and theoretical investigations.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Grouped variable importance with random forests and application to multiple functional data analysis
Creators: name: Gregorutti, Baptiste
name: Michel, Bertrand
name: Saint-Pierre, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The selection of grouped variables using the random forest algorithm is considered. First a new importance measure adapted for groups of variables is proposed. Theoretical insights into this criterion are given for additive regression models. Second, an original method for selecting functional variables based on the grouped variable importance measure is developed. Using a wavelet basis, it is proposed to regroup all of the wavelet coefficients for a given functional variable and use a wrapper selection algorithm with these groups. Various other groupings which take advantage of the frequency and time localization of the wavelet basis are proposed. An extensive simulation study is performed to illustrate the use of the grouped importance measure in this context. The method is applied to a real life problem coming from aviation safety.
From traffic jams to roadblocks: The outer regions of TW Hya with ALMA Band 8
Creators: name: Das, Sreejita
name: Kurtovic, Nicolas T.
name: Flock, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) observations of TW Hya at 0.65 mm with 0.5 arcsecond angular resolution, together with high angular resolution archival observations at 0.87 mm, 1.3 mm, 2.1 mm and 3.1 mm. We constrain the outer disk emission with both image-plane retrieval, and visibility-plane modeling with non-parametric and parametric fitting tools. Our results confirm emission in the outer disk regions of TW Hya (60 au <= R <= 110 au) at 0.65 mm, 0.87 mm and 1.3 mm. With image-plane retrieval, we resolve the new continuum gap and ring, namely D79 and B86, at 0.87 mm and 1.3 mm. With visibility-plane modeling, we also detect this substructure at 0.65 mm in the form of a quasi-constant emission at the 1-sigma level. Furthermore, it has a high spectral index of 3.7, which may indicate dust grain sizes << 1 mm. It may be a dust trap or a traffic jam, that has a flux density of 60 mJy and a mass (1.59 earth masses) that accounts for up to 2% of the dust disk at 0.65 mm. In conclusion, we confirm the existence of a faint ring in the outer regions of TW Hya at multiple millimeter wavelengths. With visibility-plane modeling, we are able to set constrains that are 3 times better than the resolution of our Band 8 observations.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. The associated data can be found in: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12677551. 10 pages, 4 figures (appendix: 3 pages, 2 figures)
In silico activation of dinitrogen with a light atom molecule
Creators: name: Mebs, Stefan
name: Beckmann, Jens
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: dinitrogen
subject: in silico activation
subject: light atom molecule
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::541 Physikalische Chemie

description: The N[triple bond, length as m-dash]N triple bond can be cleaved in silico with a light atom molecule containing only the earth abundant elements C, H, Si, and P. Extensive density functional theory (DFT) computations on various classes of peri-substituted scaffolds containing Lewis acidic and basic sites in the framework of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) indicate that the presence of two silyl cations and two P atoms in a flexible but not too flexible arrangement is essential for energy efficient N2-activation. The non-bonding lone-pair electrons of the P atoms thereby serve as donors towards N2, whereas the lone-pairs of N2 donate into the silyl cations. Newly formed lone-pair basins in the N2-adducts balance surplus charge. Thereby, the N–N bond distance is increased by astonishing 0.3 Å, from 1.1 Å in N2 gas to 1.4 Å in the adduct, which makes this bond prone to subsequent addition of hydride ions and protonation, forming two secondary amine sites in the process and eventually breaking the N[triple bond, length as m-dash]N triple bond. Potential formation of dead-end states, in which the dications (“active states”) aversively form a Lewis acid (LA)–Lewis base (LB) bond, or in which the LA and LB sites are too far away from each other to be able to capture N2, are problematic but might be circumvented by proper choice of spacer molecules, such as acenaphthalene or biphenylene, and the ligands attached to the LA and LB atoms, such as phenyl or mesityl, and by purging the reaction solutions with gaseous N2 in the initial reaction steps. Charge redistributions via N2-activation and splitting were monitored by a variety of real-space bonding indicators (RSBIs) derived from the calculated electron and electron pair densities, which provided valuable insight into the bonding situation within the different reaction steps.
Impact of dispersion time interval and particle size on release profiles of propranolol HCl and carbamazepines from microparticle blends system
Creators: name: Muhaimin, Muhaimin
name: Chaerunisaa, Anis Yohana
name: Bodmeier, Roland
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Drug discovery
subject: Materials science
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dispersion time interval (DTI) on physicochemical properties of drug following the incorporation of propranolol HCl (Pro) and carbamazepine (CBZ) within ethyl cellulose (EC) microparticle blends using solvent evaporation method. The first Pro emulsion and second CBZ oil phase were dispersed in an external aqueous phase, with DTI of 0 and 60 min. The morphology of microparticle blends were characterized by SEM. The particle size mean of the emulsion droplets/hardened microparticles were monitored by FBRM. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) and in vitro drug release were also investigated. The resulting microparticle blends were spherical and formed two populations. The particle size mean of microparticle blends ranged from 113.27 µm to 122.42 µm. The EE was 77.28% to 78.64% for Pro and 96.48% to 98.64% for CBZ. FBRM studies showed that the size of microparticle blend prepared as W/O/W (Pro) and O/W (CBZ) system with DTI of 60 min and stirring time 4 h were larger than those prepared with DTI of 0 min. In vitro drug release studies after 28 days that revealed the CBZ release (58.72%) was faster than Pro release (43.16%). Investigation on surface morphology by SEM showed that the second drug CBZ which added as the oil phase in the W/O/W emulsion system had blocked the pores on the surface Pro microparticles prepared from the first primary emulsion, therefore affecting the drug release. This blocking effects of second drug (CBZ) on first emulsion microparticles (Pro) depended on the DTI. This phenomenon is only applicable if the first primary emulsion is W/O/W system.
Population Structure of KPC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Midwestern U.S. Hospitals
Creators: name: van Duin, David
name: Hujer, Andrea M.
name: Adams, Mark D.
name: Kaye, Keith
name: Bonomo, Robert A.
name: Rudin, Susan D.
name: Jacobs, Michael R.
name: Wright, Meredith S.
name: Hujer, Kristine M.
name: Brinkac, Lauren
name: Perez, Federico
name: Cober, Eric
name: Marshall, Steven H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: ABSTRACT Genome sequencing of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from regional U.S. hospitals was used to characterize strain diversity and the bla KPC genetic context. A phylogeny based on core single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) supports a division of sequence type 258 (ST258) into two distinct groups. The primary differences between the groups are in the capsular polysaccharide locus ( cps ) and their plasmid contents. A strict association between clade and KPC variant was found. The bla KPC gene was found on variants of two plasmid backbones. This study indicates that highly similar K. pneumoniae subpopulations coexist within the same hospitals over time.
Strong Single-Photon Coupling in Superconducting Quantum Magnetomechanics
Creators: name: Via, Guillem
name: Kirchmair, Gerhard
name: Romero-Isart, Oriol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the inductive coupling between the quantum mechanical motion of a superconducting microcantilever and a flux-dependent microwave quantum circuit can attain the strong single-photon nanomechanical coupling regime with feasible experimental parameters. We propose to use a superconducting strip, which is in the Meissner state, at the tip of a cantilever. A pick-up coil collects the flux generated by the sheet currents induced by an external quadrupole magnetic field centered at the strip location. The position-dependent magnetic response of the superconducting strip, enhanced by both diamagnetism and demagnetizing effects, leads to a strong magnetomechanical coupling to quantum circuits.
description: Published Version. 8 pages (including supplementary material), 3 figures,
The Human Factor in AI Red Teaming: Perspectives from Social and Collaborative Computing
Creators: name: Zhang, Alice Qian
name: Shaw, Ryland
name: Anthis, Jacy Reese
name: Milton, Ashlee
name: Tseng, Emily
name: Suh, Jina
name: Ahmad, Lama
name: Kumar, Ram Shankar Siva
name: Posada, Julian
name: Shestakofsky, Benjamin
name: Roberts, Sarah T.
name: Gray, Mary L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Rapid progress in general-purpose AI has sparked significant interest in "red teaming," a practice of adversarial testing originating in military and cybersecurity applications. AI red teaming raises many questions about the human factor, such as how red teamers are selected, biases and blindspots in how tests are conducted, and harmful content's psychological effects on red teamers. A growing body of HCI and CSCW literature examines related practices-including data labeling, content moderation, and algorithmic auditing. However, few, if any have investigated red teaming itself. Future studies may explore topics ranging from fairness to mental health and other areas of potential harm. We aim to facilitate a community of researchers and practitioners who can begin to meet these challenges with creativity, innovation, and thoughtful reflection.
description: Updated with camera-ready version
Surveillance of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: Tracking Molecular Epidemiology and Outcomes through a Regional Network
Creators: name: Richter, Sandra S.
name: Mason, Pamela
name: Ziegler, Julie
name: Webber, Raymond
name: Fox, Jacqueline
name: Evans, Scott
name: Perez, Federico
name: Conlan, Sean
name: van Duin, David
name: Jacobs, Michael R.
name: Segre, Julia A.
name: Cline, Marianne
name: Kaye, Keith S.
name: Hanrahan, Jennifer
name: Rudin, Susan D.
name: Kalayjian, Robert C.
name: Bonomo, Robert A.
name: Cober, Eric
name: Salata, Robert A.
name: Hall, Geraldine S.
name: Fowler, Vance G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: ABSTRACT Carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is on the rise in the United States. A regional network was established to study microbiological and genetic determinants of clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with carbapenem-resistant (CR) Klebsiella pneumoniae in a prospective, multicenter, observational study. To this end, predefined clinical characteristics and outcomes were recorded and K. pneumoniae isolates were analyzed for strain typing and resistance mechanism determination. In a 14-month period, 251 patients were included. While most of the patients were admitted from long-term care settings, 28% of them were admitted from home. Hospitalizations were prolonged and complicated. Nonsusceptibility to colistin and tigecycline occurred in isolates from 7 and 45% of the patients, respectively. Most of the CR K. pneumoniae isolates belonged to repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) types A and B (both sequence type 258) and carried either bla KPC-2 (48%) or bla KPC-3 (51%). One isolate tested positive for bla NDM-1 , a sentinel discovery in this region. Important differences between strain types were noted; rep-PCR type B strains were associated with bla KPC-3 (odds ratio [OR], 294; 95% confidence interval [CI], 58 to 2,552; P < 0.001), gentamicin nonsusceptibility (OR, 24; 95% CI, 8.39 to 79.38; P < 0.001), amikacin susceptibility (OR, 11.0; 95% CI, 3.21 to 42.42; P < 0.001), tigecycline nonsusceptibility (OR, 5.34; 95% CI, 1.30 to 36.41; P = 0.018), a shorter length of stay (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.00; P = 0.043), and admission from a skilled-nursing facility (OR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.26 to 8.08; P = 0.013). Our analysis shows that (i) CR K. pneumoniae is seen primarily in the elderly long-term care population and that (ii) regional monitoring of CR K. pneumoniae reveals insights into molecular characteristics. This work highlights the crucial role of ongoing surveillance of carbapenem resistance determinants.
A qualitative evidence synthesis (QES) exploring the barriers and facilitators to screening in emergency departments using the theoretical domains framework
Creators: name: Barry, Louise
name: MURPHY TIGHE, SYLVIA
name: GRIFFIN, ANNE
name: RYAN, DAMIEN
name: O'Connor, Margaret
name: FITZGERALD, CHRISTINE
name: Egan, Siobhan
name: Galvin, Rose
name: MESKELL, PAULINE
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background Validated screening tools can be utilised to detect early disease processes and risk factors for disease and adverse outcomes. Consequently, identifying individuals in need of early intervention and targeted assessment can be achieved through the implementation of screening in the ED. Successful implementation can be impacted by a lack of resources and inefective integration of screening into the clinical workfow. Tailored implementation processes and staf training, which are contextually specifc to the ED setting, are facilitators to efective implementation. This review will assist in the identifcation of barriers and facilitators to screening in the ED using a QES to underpin implementation processes. Healthcare workers engage in screening in the ED routinely. Consequently, this review focused on synthesizing the experience of healthcare workers (HCWs) who are involved in this process. This synthesis is informed by a QES protocol published by the lead author in 2021 (Barry et al., HRB Open Res 3:50, 2021).Methodology A comprehensive literature search, inclusive of grey literature sources, was undertaken. Initially, an a priori framework of themes was formed to facilitate the interpretation and organisation of search results. A context specifc conceptual model was then formulated using “Best ft” framework synthesis which further assisted in the interpretation of data that was extracted from relevant studies. Dual blind screening of search results was undertaken using RAYYAN as a platform. Thirty studies were identifed that met the inclusion criteria. Dual appraisal of full text articles was undertaken using CASP, GRADE CERQual assessed confdence of fndings and data extraction was performed by two reviewers collaboratively.Findings This is the frst known synthesis of qualitative research on HCW’s experiences of screening in the ED. Predominantly, the fndings illustrate that staf experience screening in the ED as a complex challenging process. The barriers and facilitators identifed can be broadly categorised under preconditions to screen, motivations to screen and knowledge and skills to screen. Competing interests in the ED, environmental stressors such as overcrowding and an organisational culture that resists screening were clear barriers. Adequate resources and tailored education to underpin the screening process were clear facilitators.Trial registration PROSPERO: CRD42020188712 05/07/20
Entanglement entropy in three dimensional gravity
Creators: name: Maxfield, Henry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ryu-Takayanagi and covariant Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi proposals relate entanglement entropy in CFTs with holographic duals to the areas of minimal or extremal surfaces in the bulk geometry. We show how, in three dimensional pure gravity, the relevant regulated geodesic lengths can be obtained by writing a spacetime as a quotient of AdS3, with the problem reduced to a simple purely algebraic calculation. We explain how this works in both Lorentzian and Euclidean formalisms, before illustrating its use to obtain novel results in a number of examples, including rotating BTZ, the RP2 geon, and several wormhole geometries. This includes spatial and temporal dependence of single-interval entanglement entropy, despite these symmetries being broken only behind an event horizon. We also discuss considerations allowing HRT to be derived from analytic continuation of Euclidean computations in certain contexts, and a related class of complexified extremal surfaces.
description: 38 pages, 10 figures
Antibacterial Action of Nitric Oxide-Releasing Chitosan Oligosaccharides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions
Creators: name: Schoenfisch, Mark H.
name: Reighard, Katelyn P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: ABSTRACT Chitosan oligosaccharides were modified with N -diazeniumdiolates to yield biocompatible nitric oxide (NO) donor scaffolds. The minimum bactericidal concentrations and MICs of the NO donors against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were compared under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Differential antibacterial activities were primarily the result of NO scavenging by oxygen under aerobic environments and not changes in bacterial physiology. Bacterial killing was also tested against nonmucoid and mucoid biofilms and compared to that of tobramycin. Smaller NO payloads were required to eradicate P. aeruginosa biofilms under anaerobic versus aerobic conditions. Under oxygen-free environments, the NO treatment was 10-fold more effective at killing biofilms than tobramycin. These results demonstrate the potential utility of NO-releasing chitosan oligosaccharides under both aerobic and anaerobic environments.
The pandemic coping scale – validity and reliability of a brief measure of coping during a pandemic
Creators: name: Lotzin, Annett
name: Ketelsen, Ronja
name: Krause, Linda
name: Ozga, Ann-Kathrin
name: Böttche, Maria
name: Schäfer, Ingo
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: COVID-19
subject: pandemic
subject: coping
subject: psychometrics
subject: validation
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: This study assessed the validity and reliability of the Pandemic Coping Scale (PCS), a new brief measure of coping with pandemic-related stressors. Methods The PCS was administered to N = 2316 German participants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was applied among random splits of the sample. Global goodness of fit (χ2, RMSEA, SRMR, CFI, TLI), local goodness of fit (factor loadings, communalities, factor reliability, discriminant validity) and additional test quality criteria (internal consistency, item discrimination and difficulty) were evaluated for a four-factor model vs. a four-factor model combined with a second-order general factor. Convergent and divergent validity were examined by Pearson correlations of the PCS subscales with the Brief-COPE subscales; criterion validity was evaluated by correlations with wellbeing (WHO-5), depressive (PHQ-9) and anxiety symptoms (GAD-2). Results Exploratory factor analysis suggested a four-factor solution (‘Healthy Lifestyle’, ‘Joyful Activities’, ‘Daily Structure’, ‘Prevention Adherence’). Confirmatory factor analysis showed a sufficient global fit for both specified models which did not differ in their fit to the data. Local goodness of fit indices showed moderate to large factor loadings and good factor reliabilities except for the subscale ‘Prevention Adherence’. Internal consistencies were good for the PCS total scale (α = .83), the ‘Healthy Lifestyle’ (α = .79) and the ‘Daily Structure’ (α = .86) subscales, acceptable for ‘Joyful Activities’ (α = .60), and low for ‘Prevention Adherence’ (α = .52). The four subscales evidenced convergent and divergent validity with the Brief-COPE subscales. The subscales ‘Healthy lifestyle’, ‘Joyful activities’ and ‘Daily structure’ showed criterion validity with wellbeing, depressive and anxiety symptoms. Conclusions The PCS is a reliable and valid measure to assess pandemic-specific coping behavior in the domains of ‘Healthy Lifestyle’, ‘Joyful Activities’, and ‘Daily Structure’. The PCS subscale ‘Prevention Adherence’ might be improved by adding items with varying item difficulties.
Cognitive enhancement effects of stimulants: a randomized controlled trial testing methylphenidate, modafinil, and caffeine
Creators: name: Repantis, Dimitris
name: Bovy, Leonore
name: Ohla, Kathrin
name: Kühn, Simone
name: Dresler, Martin
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroenhancement
subject: Cognitive enhancement
subject: Methylphenidate
subject: Modafinil
subject: Caffeine
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Rational: At all times humans have made attempts to improve their cognitive abilities by different means, among others, with the use of stimulants. Widely available stimulants such as caffeine, but also prescription substances such as methylphenidate and modafinil, are being used by healthy individuals to enhance cognitive performance. Objectives: There is a lack of knowledge on the effects of prescription stimulants when taken by healthy individuals (as compared with patients) and especially on the effects of different substances across different cognitive domains. Methods: We conducted a pilot study with three arms in which male participants received placebo and one of three stimulants (caffeine, methylphenidate, modafinil) and assessed cognitive performance with a test battery that captures various cognitive domains. Results: Our study showed some moderate effects of the three stimulants tested. Methylphenidate had positive effects on self-reported fatigue as well as on declarative memory 24 hours after learning; caffeine had a positive effect on sustained attention; there was no significant effect of modafinil in any of the instruments of our test battery. All stimulants were well tolerated, and no trade-off negative effects on other cognitive domains were found. Conclusions: The few observed significant positive effects of the tested stimulants were domain-specific and of rather low magnitude. The results can inform the use of stimulants for cognitive enhancement purposes as well as direct further research to investigate the effects of stimulants on specific cognitive domains that seem most promising, possibly by using tasks that are more demanding.
An Overview on the Use of Concentrated Growth Factor (CGF) and Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) in Periodontal Regeneration
Creators: name: Noh, Nur Zety Mohd
name: Mohamed, Nur Aliana Hidayah
name: Noor, Erni
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110302 Clinical Chemistry (diagnostics)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111502 Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
subject: 110502 Dental Therapeutics, Pharmacology and Toxicology

description: Abstract: Alveolar bone loss as a result of periodontitis and physiological alveolar bone
resorption following tooth extraction can be treated and minimized with clinical procedures such
as periodontal regeneration and socket preservation. The use concentrated growth factor (CGF)
has received an attention nowadays in clinical practice as source of growth factors. Meanwhile,
poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres is well known for its use in drug delivery due
to its high porosity and interconnected pores. The objective of this review paper is to provide an
overview on the current use of CGF and PLGA in periodontal regeneration in order to promote
and obtain new bone formation and periodontal attachment.
On the Sample Size of Random Convex Programs with Structured Dependence on the Uncertainty (Extended Version)
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaojing
name: Grammatico, Sergio
name: Schildbach, Georg
name: Goulart, Paul
name: Lygeros, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The "scenario approach" provides an intuitive method to address chance constrained problems arising in control design for uncertain systems. It addresses these problems by replacing the chance constraint with a finite number of sampled constraints (scenarios). The sample size critically depends on Helly's dimension, a quantity always upper bounded by the number of decision variables. However, this standard bound can lead to computationally expensive programs whose solutions are conservative in terms of cost and violation probability. We derive improved bounds of Helly's dimension for problems where the chance constraint has certain structural properties. The improved bounds lower the number of scenarios required for these problems, leading both to improved objective value and reduced computational complexity. Our results are generally applicable to Randomized Model Predictive Control of chance constrained linear systems with additive uncertainty and affine disturbance feedback. The efficacy of the proposed bound is demonstrated on an inventory management example.
description: Accepted for publication at Automatica
RADIAL TRENDS IN IMF-SENSITIVE ABSORPTION FEATURES IN TWO EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES: EVIDENCE FOR ABUNDANCE-DRIVEN GRADIENTS
Creators: name: Lu, J.R.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: McConnell, N.J.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2016

description: Samples of early-type galaxies show a correlation between stellar velocity dispersion and the stellar initial mass function (IMF) as inferred from gravity-sensitive absorption lines in the galaxies' central regions. To search for spatial variations in the IMF, we have observed two early-type galaxies with Keck/LRIS and measured radial gradients in the strengths of absorption features from 4000-5500 Å and 8000-10000 Å. We present spatially resolved measurements of the dwarf-sensitive spectral indices (8190 Å) and Wing-Ford FeH (9915 Å), as well as indices for species of H, C2, CN, Mg, Ca, TiO, and Fe. Our measurements show a metallicity gradient in both objects, and Mg/Fe consistent with a shallow gradient in α-enhancement, matching widely observed trends for massive early-type galaxies. The Na I index and the CN1 index at 4160 Å exhibit significantly steeper gradients, with a break at r ∼ 0.1 reff(r ∼ pc). Inside this radius, strength increases sharply toward the galaxy center, consistent with a rapid central rise in [Na/Fe]. In contrast, the ratio of the FeH to Fe index strength decreases toward the galaxy center. This behavior cannot be reproduced by a steepening IMF inside of 0.1 reff if the IMF is a single power law. While gradients in the mass function above ∼0.4 M⊙ may occur, exceptional care is required to disentangle these IMF variations from the extreme variations in individual element abundances near the galaxies' centers.
Additional file 1: of Study protocol for a randomized, blinded, controlled trial of ketamine for acute painful crisis of sickle cell disease
Creators: name: Alshahrani, Mohammed
name: Asonto, Laila
name: Tahan, Mohamed
name: Sulaibikh, Amal
name: Sukayna Faraj
name: Mulhim, Abdullah
name: Abbad, Murad
name: Nahhash, Samar
name: Moath Aldarweesh
name: Mahmoud, Alaa
name: Nisreen Almaghraby
name: Jumaan, Mohammed
name: Thamir Junaid
name: Hawaj, Faisal
name: AlKenany, Samar
name: ElSayed, Omaima
name: Abdelwahab, Haitham
name: Moussa, Mohamed
name: Bader Alossaimi
name: Shaikah Alotaibi
name: AlMutairi, Talal
name: Duaa AlSulaiman
name: Shahrani, Saad
name: Alfaraj, Donia
name: Alhazzani, Waleed
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: SPIRIT checklist. (DOCX 45 kb)
Supplementary Figures and Scoring Notes from Quantifying the complexity of plant reproductive structures reveals a history of morphological and functional integration
Creators: name: Leslie, Andrew B.
name: Mander, Luke
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
Evolutionary Biology not elsewhere classified

description: This file contains supplementary figures S1-S7 along with detailed scoring notes and part type lists for all reproductive structures used in the study.
Generating Kerr-anti-de Sitter thermodynamics
Creators: name: Campos, T. L.
name: Baldiotti, M. C.
name: Molina, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work we study the construction of different thermodynamic descriptions for the Kerr-anti-de Sitter (KadS) black holes. The early versions of the KadS thermodynamics are briefly discussed, highlighting some of its strong points and shortcomings. Isohomogeneous transformations, a procedure for generating new thermodynamics, are presented and geometrically interpreted for KadS. This tool is used to determine possible KadS thermodynamics that can be constructed to satisfy a Smarr formula, and the validity of the first law in the generated thermodynamics. The connection between new thermodynamic theories and early Hawking's approach is considered. In this new framework, the usual KadS thermodynamics is complemented with its geometric construction, and Hawking's proposal, which does not satisfy the first law, is improved to an alternative thermodynamic theory. With the quantum statistical relation, Hawking's and this alternative KadS thermodynamics are also generalized from four to higher dimensions.
description: 16 pages. Accepted for publication in Physical Review D
title: Nighttime Object Tracking for Intelligent Vehicles
Creators: name: Frantar, Elias
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: maschinelles Lernen
subject: Computer Vision
subject: Objektverfolgung
subject: autonomes Fahren
subject: machine learning
subject: computer vision
subject: object tracking
subject: autonomous driving

description: Self-driving vehicles hold great promise and therefore have become a very active area of research in recent years. Although tremendous progress has been made, in particular through new powerful computer vision techniques involving convolutional neural networks (CNNs), widespread adoption of fully autonomous vehicles is likely still at least a few years away. A more immediate application of related methods are advanced assistance systems that work in conjunction with human drivers, for example, by warning them about difficult-to-spot obstacles. Especially under challenging driving conditions, like during the night or in bad weather, such support technologies could make a valuable contribution towards safer traffic.This thesis explores, implements and evaluates techniques that could form the basis of a night vision system for an intelligent car. More concretely, we study the problem of real-time two-dimensional multiple object tracking in videos, recorded by an in-vehicle camera, as a part of the CarVisionLight (CVL) project, while driving in rural areas at night. We assess how well state-of-the-art daytime models generalize to a nighttime setting. We study how to optimally utilize big existing driving datasets for training a CNN based object detection model that is particularly effective on the considerably differing CVL data. Then, we extend this detection model to a full tracking method while also applying several enhancements aimed at improving the performance in our specific setting. Eventually, we put all of our insights together and develop a prototype for an end-to-end tracking tool. Among the most significant findings of our various investigations are that (1) established general purpose daytime models are not suited for CVL data in our experiments, (2) training with only 25% of the images in the Berkeley Deep Drive dataset yields already 0.48 validation mAP (as opposed to 0.50 when training with the full dataset), (3) a model trained primarily on night data can also perform well during the day and (4) finetuning on higher resolution images leads to a mAP improvement of 0.07 at inference time. Further, our domain specific tracker adaptions provide a noticeable increase in tracking consistency (3 times less ID-switches) and recall (14% higher). Lastly, an extensive quantitative and qualitative evaluation shows that our tracking tool poses an effective solution to the problem at hand, both in terms of tracking/detection quality as well as in terms of execution speed, and has potential to stimulate future work.