cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
$μ$SR Study of the Dipole-Octupole Quantum Spin Ice Candidate Ce$_2$Zr$_2$O$_7$
Creators: name: Beare, J.
name: Smith, E. M.
name: Dudemaine, J.
name: Schäfer, R.
name: Rutherford, M. R.
name: Sharma, S.
name: Fitterman, A.
name: Marjerrison, C. A.
name: Williams, T. J.
name: Aczel, A. A.
name: Dunsiger, S. R.
name: Bianchi, A. D.
name: Gaulin, B. D.
name: Luke, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ce$^{3+}$ pseudospin-1/2 degrees of freedom in Ce$_2$Zr$_2$O$_7$ possess both dipolar and octupolar character which enables the possibility of novel quantum spin liquid ground states in this material. Here we report new muon spin relaxation and rotation ($μ$SR) measurements on single crystal samples of Ce$_2$Zr$_2$O$_7$ in zero magnetic field and in magnetic fields directed along the $[1,\bar{1},0]$ and $[1,1,1]$ crystallographic directions, and for magnetic fields directed both longitudinal and transverse to the direction of muon polarization. Our zero-field results show no signs of magnetic ordering or spin freezing, consistent with earlier zero-field $μ$SR measurements on a powder sample of Ce$_2$Zr$_2$O$_7$, and also with the expectations for a quantum spin ice. However, we measure a more gentle relaxation rate for Ce$_2$Zr$_2$O$_7$ in zero-field at low temperatures than was previously reported. This difference in relaxation rate is likely due to the low oxidation, and correspondingly, the high stoichiometry of our single crystal samples. Longitudinal field measurements confirm that the magnetic dipole moments in Ce$_2$Zr$_2$O$_7$ remain dynamic at $T = 0.1$ $\mathrm{K}$. For both $[1,\bar{1},0]$ and $[1,1,1]$ magnetic fields, our $μ$SR Knight shift measurements show a field-induced leveling off of the magnetic susceptibility at low temperature which is qualitatively consistent with corresponding calculations using the numerical-linked-cluster method in combination with recent estimates for the nearest-neighbour exchange parameters of Ce$_2$Zr$_2$O$_7$.
Regularization in the Restricted Four Body Problem
Creators: name: Burgos-Garcia, Jaime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 70F15, 70F16

description: The restricted (equilateral) four-body problem consists of three bodies of masses m1, m2 and m3 (called primaries) lying in a Lagrangian config- uration of the three-body problem, i,e,. they remain fixed at the apices of an equilateral triangle in a rotating coordinate system. A massless fourth body moves under the Newtonian gravitation law due to the three pri- maries; as in the restricted three-body problem the fourth mass does not affect the motion of the three primaries. In this paper we show a global regularization of binary collisions of the infinitesimal body with two of the primaries.
description: Reasearh article published in Aportaciones Matematicas Memorias de la Sociedad Matematica Mexicana 45 (2012). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1205.3446, arXiv:1210.0144
Hurricane Sandy Evacuation Among World Trade Center Health Registry Enrollees in New York City
Creators: name: Brown, Shakara
name: Gargano, Lisa M.
name: Parton, Hilary
name: Caramanica, Kimberly
name: Farfel, Mark R.
name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Brackbill, Robert M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Evacuation of civilians
Emergency management
Hurricane Sandy (2012)
Epidemiology
Public health

description: Objective Timely evacuation is vital for reducing adverse outcomes during disasters. This study examined factors associated with evacuation and evacuation timing during Hurricane Sandy among World Trade Center Health Registry (Registry) enrollees.

Methods The study sample included 1162 adults who resided in New York City’s evacuation zone A during Hurricane Sandy who completed the Registry’s Hurricane Sandy substudy in 2013. Factors assessed included zone awareness, prior evacuation experience, community cohesion, emergency preparedness, and poor physical health. Prevalence estimates and multiple logistic regression models of evacuation at any time and evacuation before Hurricane Sandy were created.

Results Among respondents who evacuated for Hurricane Sandy (51%), 24% had evacuated before the storm. In adjusted analyses, those more likely to evacuate knew they resided in an evacuation zone, had evacuated during Hurricane Irene, or reported pre-Sandy community cohesion. Evacuation was less likely among those who reported being prepared for an emergency. For evacuation timing, evacuation before Hurricane Sandy was less likely among those with pets and those who reported 14 or more poor physical health days.

Conclusions Higher evacuation rates were observed for respondents seemingly more informed and who lived in neighborhoods with greater social capital. Improved disaster messaging that amplifies these factors may increase adherence with evacuation warnings.
Analytical approximate solutions of AdS black holes in Einstein-Weyl-scalar gravity
Creators: name: Zhang, Ming
name: Li, Sheng-Yuan
name: Zou, De-Cheng
name: Zhang, Chao-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider Einstein-Weyl gravity with a minimally coupled scalar field in four dimensional spacetime. By using the Minimal Geometric Deformation (MGD) approach, we split the highly nonlinear coupled field equations into two subsystems that describing the background geometry and scalar field source, respectively. Regarding the Schwarzschild-AdS metric as a background geometry, we derive analytical approximate solutions of scalar field and deformation metric functions with Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM), providing their analytical approximations to fourth order. Moreover, we discuss the accuracy of the analytical approximations, showing they are sufficiently accurate throughout the exterior spacetime.
Perceptually Uniform Construction of Illustrative Textures
Creators: name: Sterzik, Anna
name: Meuschke, Monique
name: Cunningham, Douglas W.
name: Lawonn, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Illustrative textures, such as stippling or hatching, were predominantly used as an alternative to conventional Phong rendering. Recently, the potential of encoding information on surfaces or maps using different densities has also been recognized. This has the significant advantage that additional color can be used as another visual channel and the illustrative textures can then be overlaid. Effectively, it is thus possible to display multiple information, such as two different scalar fields on surfaces simultaneously. In previous work, these textures were manually generated and the choice of density was unempirically determined. Here, we first want to determine and understand the perceptual space of illustrative textures. We chose a succession of simplices with increasing dimensions as primitives for our textures: Dots, lines, and triangles. Thus, we explore the texture types of stippling, hatching, and triangles. We create a range of textures by sampling the density space uniformly. Then, we conduct three perceptual studies in which the participants performed pairwise comparisons for each texture type. We use multidimensional scaling (MDS) to analyze the perceptual spaces per category. The perception of stippling and triangles seems relatively similar. Both are adequately described by a 1D manifold in 2D space. The perceptual space of hatching consists of two main clusters: Crosshatched textures, and textures with only one hatching direction. However, the perception of hatching textures with only one hatching direction is similar to the perception of stippling and triangles. Based on our findings, we construct perceptually uniform illustrative textures. Afterwards, we provide concrete application examples for the constructed textures.
description: 11 pages, 15 figures, to be published in IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics The supplementary material is available at https://www.doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/43C6V
Phenomenology of threshold corrections for inclusive jet production at hadron colliders
Creators: name: Kumar, Meduri C
name: Moch, Sven-Olaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study one-jet inclusive hadro-production and compute the QCD threshold corrections for large transverse momentum of the jet in the soft-gluon resummation formalism at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. We use the resummed result to generate approximate QCD corrections at next-to-next-to leading order, compare with results in the literature and present rapidity integrated distributions of the jet's transverse momentum for Tevatron and LHC. For the threshold approximation we investigate its kinematical range of validity as well as its dependence on the jet's cone size and kinematics.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
Weather types across the Maritime Continent: from the diurnal cycle to interannual variations
Creators: name: Moron, Vincent
name: Robertson, Andrew W.
name: Qian, Jian-Hua
name: Ghil, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Madden-Julian oscillation
Southern oscillation
Rain and rainfall--Diurnal variations
Climatic changes
Atmosphere

description: Six weather types (WTs) are computed across the Maritime Continent during austral summer (September–April) using cluster analysis of unfiltered, daily, low-level winds at 850 hPa, by a k-means algorithm. This approach is shown to provide a unified view of the interactions across scales, from island-scale diurnal circulations to large-scale interannual ones. The WTs are interpreted either as snapshots of the intraseasonal Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO); or as seasonal features, such as the transition between boreal- and austral-summer monsoons; or as slow variations associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Scale interactions are analyzed in terms of the different phenomena that modulate regional-scale wind speed and direction, or the diurnal-cycle strength of rainfall. Decomposing atmospheric anomalies, relative to the mean annual cycle, into interannual and sub-seasonal components yields similar WT structures on both of these time scales for most of the WTs (4 out of 6). This result suggests that slow (viz. ENSO) and fast (viz. MJO) oscillatory variations superimposed on the mean annual cycle modulate the occurrence rate of WTs, without modifying radically their mean patterns. The latter pattern invariance holds especially true for MJO-type, propagating variations, while the quasi-stationary, planetary-scale ENSO variations have more impact on WT structure. These findings are interpreted with the help of dynamical systems theory. Interannual modulation of WT frequency is strongest for the “transitional” WTs between the boreal- and austral-summer monsoons, as well as for the “quiescent” WT, for which low-level winds are reduced over the whole of monsoonal Indonesia. The WT that characterizes NW monsoon surges, and peaks during the austral-summer monsoon in January-February, does not appear to be strongly modulated at the interannual time scale. The diurnal cycle is shown to play an important role in determining the rainfall over islands, particularly in the case of the quiescent WT that is more frequent during El Niño and the suppressed phase of the MJO; both of these lead to more rainfall over southern Java, western Sumatra, and western Borneo.
Perception of Line Attributes for Visualization
Creators: name: Sterzik, Anna
name: Lichtenberg, Nils
name: Wilms, Jana
name: Krone, Michael
name: Cunningham, Douglas W.
name: Lawonn, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Line attributes such as width and dashing are commonly used to encode information. However, many questions on the perception of line attributes remain, such as how many levels of attribute variation can be distinguished or which line attributes are the preferred choices for which tasks. We conducted three studies to develop guidelines for using stylized lines to encode scalar data. In our first study, participants drew stylized lines to encode uncertainty information. Uncertainty is usually visualized alongside other data. Therefore, alternative visual channels are important for the visualization of uncertainty. Additionally, uncertainty -- e.g., in weather forecasts -- is a familiar topic to most people. Thus, we picked it for our visualization scenarios in study 1. We used the results of our study to determine the most common line attributes for drawing uncertainty: Dashing, luminance, wave amplitude, and width. While those line attributes were especially common for drawing uncertainty, they are also commonly used in other areas. In studies 2 and 3, we investigated the discriminability of the line attributes determined in study 1. Studies 2 and 3 did not require specific application areas; thus, their results apply to visualizing any scalar data in line attributes. We evaluated the just-noticeable differences (JND) and derived recommendations for perceptually distinct line levels. We found that participants could discriminate considerably more levels for the line attribute width than for wave amplitude, dashing, or luminance.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, to be published in IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics The supplemental material for this paper is available at https://www.doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7SCF8
Exposure to the World Trade Center Disaster and 9/11-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Household Disaster Preparedness
Creators: name: Gargano, Lisa M.
name: Caramanica, Kimberly
name: Sisco, Sarah
name: Brackbill, Robert M.
name: Stellman, Steven D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: September 11 Terrorist Attacks (2001)
Hurricane Sandy (2012)
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Emergency management
Epidemiology
Public health

description: Objective In a population with prior exposure to the World Trade Center disaster, this study sought to determine the subsequent level of preparedness for a new disaster and how preparedness varied with population characteristics that are both disaster-related and non-disaster-related.

Methods The sample included 4496 World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees who completed the Wave 3 (2011-2012) and Hurricane Sandy (2013) surveys. Participants were considered prepared if they reported possessing at least 7 of 8 standard preparedness items. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between preparedness and demographic and medical factors, 9/11-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) assessed at Wave 3, 9/11 exposure, and social support.

Results Over one-third (37.5%) of participants were prepared with 18.8% possessing all 8 items. The item most often missing was an evacuation plan (69.8%). Higher levels of social support were associated with being prepared. High levels of 9/11 exposure were associated with being prepared in both the PTSD and non-PTSD subgroups.

Conclusions Our findings indicate that prior 9/11 exposure favorably impacted Hurricane Sandy preparedness. Future preparedness messaging should target people with low social support networks. Communications should include information on evacuation zones and where to find information about how to evacuate.
Reversible diffusion-influenced reactions of an isolated pair on two dimensional surfaces
Creators: name: Prüstel, Thorsten
name: Tachiya, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate reversible diffusion-influenced reactions of an isolated pair in two dimensions. To this end, we employ convolution relations that permit deriving the survival probability of the reversible reaction directly in terms of the survival probability of the irreversible reaction. Furthermore, we make use of the mean reaction time approximation to write the irreversible survival probability in restricted spaces as a single exponential. In this way, we obtain exact and approximative expressions in the time domain for the reversible survival probability for three different two dimensional diffusion spaces: The infinite and restricted plane as well as the surface of a sphere. Our obtained results should prove useful in the context of membrane-bound reversible diffusion-influenced reactions in cell biology.
description: 3 figures
Shape models and spin states of Jupiter Trojans: Testing the streaming instability formation scenario
Creators: name: Hanuš, Josef
name: Vokrouhlický, David
name: Nesvorný, David
name: Ďurech, Josef
name: Stephens, Robert
name: Benishek, Vladimir
name: Oey, Julian
name: Pokorný, Petr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The leading theory for the origin of Jupiter Trojans (JTs) assumes that JTs were captured to their orbits near the Lagrangian points of Jupiter during the early reconfiguration of the giant planets. The natural source region for the majority of JTs would then be the population of planetesimals born in a massive trans-Neptunian disk. If true, JTs represent the most accessible stable population of small Solar System bodies that formed in the outer regions of the Solar System. For this work, we compiled photometric datasets for about 1000 JTs and applied the convex inversion technique in order to assess their shapes and spin states. We obtained full solutions for $79$ JTs, and partial solutions for an additional $31$ JTs. We found that the observed distribution of the pole obliquities of JTs is broadly consistent with expectations from the streaming instability, which is the leading mechanism for the formation of planetesimals in the trans-Neptunian disk. The observed JTs' pole distribution has a slightly smaller prograde vs. retrograde asymmetry (excess of obliquities $>130^\circ$) than what is expected from the existing streaming instability simulations. However, this discrepancy can be plausibly reconciled by the effects of the post-formation collisional activity. Our numerical simulations of the post-capture spin evolution indicate that the JTs' pole distribution is not significantly affected by dynamical processes such as the eccentricity excitation in resonances, close encounters with planets, or the effects of nongravitational forces. However, a few JTs exhibit large latitude variations of the rotation pole and may even temporarily transition between prograde- and retrograde-rotating categories.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Exact solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation in the Kerr-Newman background and Hawking radiation
Creators: name: Vieira, H. S.
name: Bezerra, V. B.
name: Muniz, C. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Q05, 83C45, 83C57, 83C75

description: This work considers the influence of the gravitational field produced by a charged and rotating black hole (Kerr-Newman spacetime) on a charged massive scalar field. We obtain exact solutions of both angular and radial parts of the Klein-Gordon equation in this spacetime, which are given in terms of the confluent Heun functions. From the radial solution, we obtain the exact wave solutions near the exterior horizon of the black hole, and discuss the Hawking radiation of charged massive scalar particles.
description: 25 pages
Observationes Svper Sanctiori Doctrina Nostris Praesertim Temporibvs Accomodatae; 1768
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2014

description: Programm, Gymnasium Casimiranum Coburg, 1768
Cancer in World Trade Center responders: Findings from multiple cohorts and options for future study
Creators: name: Boffetta, Paolo
name: Zeig-Owens, Rachel
name: Wallenstein, Sylvan
name: Li, Jiehui
name: Brackbill, Robert
name: Cone, James
name: Farfel, Mark
name: Holden, William
name: Lucchini, Roberto
name: Webber, Mayris P.
name: Prezant, David
name: Stellman, Steven D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Cancer--Risk factors
Cohort analysis
September 11 Terrorist Attacks (2001)
Epidemiology
Medical sciences
Medicine, Industrial

description: Background
Three longitudinal studies of cancer incidence in varied populations of World Trade Center responders have been conducted.

Methods
We compared the design and results of the three studies.

Results
Separate analyses of these cohorts revealed excess cancer incidence in responders for all cancers combined and for cancers of the thyroid and prostate. Methodological dissimilarities included recruitment strategies, source of cohort members, demographic characteristics, overlap between cohorts, assessment of WTC and other occupational exposures and confounders, methods and duration of follow-up, approaches for statistical analysis, and latency analyses.

Conclusions
The presence of three cohorts strengthens the effort of identifying and quantifying the cancer risk; the heterogeneity in design might increase sensitivity to the identification of cancers potentially associated with exposure. The presence and magnitude of an increased cancer risk remains to be fully elucidated. Continued long-term follow up with minimal longitudinal dropout is crucial to achieve this goal.
A Vectorial Capacity Product to Monitor Changing Malaria Transmission Potential in Epidemic Regions of Africa
Creators: name: Ceccato, Pietro N.
name: Vancutsem, Christelle
name: Klaver, Robert
name: Rowland, James
name: Connor, Stephen J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Mosquitoes as carriers of disease
Atmospheric temperature
Rain and rainfall
Malaria--Environmental aspects
Public health

description: Rainfall and temperature are two of the major factors triggering malaria epidemics in warm semi-arid (desert-fringe) and high altitude (highland-fringe) epidemic risk areas. The ability of the mosquitoes to transmit Plasmodium spp. is dependent upon a series of biological features generally referred to as vectorial capacity. In this study, the vectorial capacity model (VCAP) was expanded to include the influence of rainfall and temperature variables on malaria transmission potential. Data from two remote sensing products were used to monitor rainfall and temperature and were integrated into the VCAP model. The expanded model was tested in Eritrea and Madagascar to check the viability of the approach. The analysis of VCAP in relation to rainfall, temperature and malaria incidence data in these regions shows that the expanded VCAP correctly tracks the risk of malaria both in regions where rainfall is the limiting factor and in regions where temperature is the limiting factor. The VCAP maps are currently offered as an experimental resource for testing within Malaria Early Warning applications in epidemic prone regions of sub-Saharan Africa. User feedback is currently being collected in preparation for further evaluation and refinement of the VCAP model.
Extract and Characterize Hairpin Vortices in Turbulent Flows
Creators: name: Zafar, Adeel
name: Yang, Di
name: Chen, Guoning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hairpin vortices are one of the most important vortical structures in turbulent flows. Extracting and characterizing hairpin vortices provides useful insight into many behaviors in turbulent flows. However, hairpin vortices have complex configurations and might be entangled with other vortices, making their extraction difficult. In this work, we introduce a framework to extract and separate hairpin vortices in shear driven turbulent flows for their study. Our method first extracts general vortical regions with a region-growing strategy based on certain vortex criteria (e.g., $λ_2$) and then separates those vortices with the help of progressive extraction of ($λ_2$) iso-surfaces in a top-down fashion. This leads to a hierarchical tree representing the spatial proximity and merging relation of vortices. After separating individual vortices, their shape and orientation information is extracted. Candidate hairpin vortices are identified based on their shape and orientation information as well as their physical characteristics. An interactive visualization system is developed to aid the exploration, classification, and analysis of hairpin vortices based on their geometric and physical attributes. We also present additional use cases of the proposed system for the analysis and study of general vortices in other types of flows.
Probable fatal drug interaction between intravenous fenretinide, ceftriaxone, and acetaminophen: a case report from a New Approaches to Neuroblastoma (NANT) Phase I study
Creators: name: Kang, Min
name: Villablanca, Judith
name: Glade Bender, Julia L.
name: Matthay, Katherine
name: Groshen, Susan
name: Sposto, Richard
name: Czarnecki, Scarlett
name: Ames, Matthew
name: Reynolds, C
name: Marachelian, Araz
name: Maurer, Barry
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Liver--Failure
Drug interactions
Cancer in children
Medicine

description: Background: Patients with relapsed/refractory stage 4 high-risk neuroblastoma were enrolled on a phase I study (NANT2004-03) of intravenous fenretinide emulsion. Pharmacokinetic samples were collected during and after the infusion, and the levels were measured using an HPLC system. A likely case of a fatal drug interaction between fenretinide, ceftriaxone, and acetaminophen is described, including the pharmacokinetics of fenretinide, laboratory data, and post-mortem autopsy in a pediatric neuroblastoma patient treated on this study. Case presentation: On Day 4 of a scheduled 5-day-infusion of intravenous fenretinide, the patient developed a fever, acetaminophen was started, ceftriaxone initiated for possible bacteremia, and fenretinide level doubled from 56 to 110 μM. Over the next three days, although blood cultures remained negative, the patient’s condition deteriorated rapidly. Acute liver failure was diagnosed on Day 7, and the patient expired on Day 20 of fulminant hepatic failure with associated renal, cardiac, and hemorrhagic/coagulation toxicities. Autopsy showed extensive hemorrhagic necrosis of the liver, marked bile duct proliferation, and abundant hemosiderin, consistent with cholestasis and drug toxicity. Conclusions: After extensive review of patient data, the clinical course, and the literature, we conclude that observed hepatic toxicity was likely due to a drug interaction between fenretinide and concomitant ceftriaxone and acetaminophen. None of the other 16 patients treated on this study experienced significant hepatic toxicity. Although the prevalence of cholestasis with ceftriaxone usage is relatively high, the potential drug interaction with these concomitant medications has not been previously reported. Concomitant use of fenretinide, ceftriaxone, and acetaminophen should be avoided.
Breakdown of Bose-Einstein distribution in photonic crystals
Creators: name: Lo, Ping-Yuan
name: Xiong, Heng-Na
name: Zhang, Wei-Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the last two decades, considerable advances have been made in the investigation of nano-photonics in photonic crystals. Previous theoretical investigations of photon dynamics were carried out at zero temperature. Here, we investigate micro/nano cavity photonics in photonic crystals at finite temperature. Due to photonic-band-gap-induced non-Markovian dynamics, we discover that cavity photons in photonic crystals do not obey the standard Bose-Einstein statistical distribution. Within the photonic band gap and in the vicinity of the band edge, cavity photons combine nontrivial quantum dissipation with thermal fluctuations to form photon states that can memorize the initial cavity state information. As a result, Bose-Einstein distribution is completely broken down in these regimes, even if the thermal energy is larger than the photonic band gap.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Current status on pair-produced muon-philic vectorlike leptons in multilepton channels at the LHC
Creators: name: Kawamura, Junichiro
name: Shin, Seodong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we obtain the current limits on the pair production of vectorlike leptons decaying to a Standard Model gauge boson and a lepton in the second generation using the Run-2 data at the LHC. Since there is no dedicated search, we recast the ATLAS analyses searching for the type-III seesaw heavy leptons in the multi-lepton channels. There is no limit for the $SU(2)_L$ singlet vectorlike lepton beyond about 100 GeV, while the limit is about 780 GeV for the doublet one. Thus, dedicated searches for the vectorlike leptons are necessary, especially for the singlet one. We also study the general cases of the vectorlike lepton decays and future sensitivities at the HL-LHC.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures; ver2 matched to published version
She Says: Women In News
Creators: name: Fund, The Independent Production
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Women in journalism
Journalism
Mass media
Women's studies

description: She Says: Women in News, which originally aired on PBS in 2001, is about ten women in positions of power within journalism and the effect they are having on the profession, and the world. The ten women examined include: Judy Woodruff, CNN prime anchor; Carole Simpson, ABC News anchor; Anna Quindlen, Newsweek columnist; Narda Zacchino, San Francisco Chronicle senior editor; Geneva Overholser, syndicated columnist; Nina Totenberg, National Public Radio's legal affairs correspondent since 1975; Rena Pederson, The Dallas Morning News editorial page editor; Helen Thomas, Heart Newspapers political reporter; Judy Crichton, first woman producer, director, and writer for CBS Reports; and Paula Madison, president and general manager at NBC4 in Los Angeles.
A New 13 Million Year Old Gavialoid Crocodylian from Proto-Amazonian Mega-Wetlands Reveals Parallel Evolutionary Trends in Skull Shape Linked to Longirostry
Creators: name: Salas-Gismondi, Rodolfo
name: Flynn, John J.
name: Tejada-Lara, Julia Victoria
name: Baby, Patrice
name: Claude, Julien
name: Antoine, Pierre-Olivier
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Phylogeny
Skull--Evolution
Miocene Geologic Epoch
Evolution (Biology)
Environmental sciences
Paleontology

description: Gavialoid crocodylians are the archetypal longirostrine archosaurs and, as such, understanding their patterns of evolution is fundamental to recognizing cranial rearrangements and reconstructing adaptive pathways associated with elongation of the rostrum (longirostry). The living Indian gharial Gavialis gangeticus is the sole survivor of the group, thus providing unique evidence on the distinctive biology of its fossil kin. Yet phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary ecology spanning ~70 million-years of longirostrine crocodylian diversification remain unclear. Analysis of cranial anatomy of a new proto-Amazonian gavialoid, Gryposuchus pachakamue sp. nov., from the Miocene lakes and swamps of the Pebas Mega-Wetland System reveals that acquisition of both widely separated and protruding eyes (telescoped orbits) and riverine ecology within South American and Indian gavialoids is the result of parallel evolution. Phylogenetic and morphometric analyses show that, in association with longirostry, circumorbital bone configuration can evolve rapidly for coping with trends in environmental conditions and may reflect shifts in feeding strategy. Our results support a long-term radiation of the South American forms, with taxa occupying either extreme of the gavialoid morphospace showing preferences for coastal marine versus fluvial environments. The early biogeographic history of South American gavialoids was strongly linked to the northward drainage system connecting proto-Amazonian wetlands to the Caribbean region.
Breakdown of Fast Water Transport in Graphene Oxides
Creators: name: Wei, Ning
name: Xu, Zhiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast slip flow was reported for water inside the interlayer gallery between graphene layers or carbon nanotubes. We report here that this flow rate enhancement (over two orders) breaks down with the presence of chemical functionalization and relaxation of the nanoconfinement in graphene oxides. Molecular dynamics simulation results show that hydrodynamics applies in this circumstance, even at length scales down to nanometers. However, corrections on the slip boundary condition and viscosity of nanoconfined flow must be included to make quantitative predictions. These results were discussed with structural characteristics of the liquid water and hydrogen bond networks.
Anomalous Topological Pumps and Fractional Josephson Effects
Creators: name: Zhang, Fan
name: Kane, C. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discover novel topological pumps in the Josephson effects for superconductors. The phase difference, which is odd under the chiral symmetry defined by the product of time-reversal and particle-hole symmetries, acts as an anomalous adiabatic parameter. These pumping cycles are different from those in the "periodic table", and are characterized by $Z\times Z$ or $Z_2\times Z_2$ strong invariants. We determine the general classifications in class AIII, and those in class DIII with a single anomalous parameter. For the $Z_2\times Z_2$ topological pump in class DIII, one $Z_2$ invariant describes the coincidence of fermion parity and spin pumps whereas the other one reflects the non-Abelian statistics of Majorana Kramers pairs, leading to three distinct fractional Josephson effects.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, and 2 tables
Quantum walk in stochastic environment
Creators: name: Avnit, Ben
name: Cohen, Doron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a quantized version of the Sinai-Derrida model for "random walk in random environment". The model is defined in terms of a Lindblad master equation. For a ring geometry (a chain with periodic boundary condition) it features a delocalization-transition as the bias in increased beyond a critical value, indicating that the relaxation becomes under-damped. Counter intuitively, the effective disorder is enhanced due to coherent hopping. We analyze in detail this enhancement and its dependence on the model parameters. The non-monotonic dependence of the Lindbladian spectrum on the rate of the coherent transitions is highlighted.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Examination of Duct Physiology in the Human Mammary Gland
Creators: name: Mills, Dixie
name: Gomberawalla, Ameer
name: Gordon, Eva J.
name: Tondre, Julie
name: Nejad, Mitra
name: Nguyen, Tinh
name: Pogoda, Janice M.
name: Rao, Jianyu
name: Chatterton, Robert
name: Henning, Susanne
name: Love, Susan M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Milk ducts
subject: Breast--Cancer
subject: Mammary glands--Physiology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Surgery
subject: Oncology

description: Background
The human breast comprise several ductal systems, or lobes, which contain a small amount of fluid containing cells, hormones, proteins and metabolites. The complex physiology of these ducts is likely a contributing factor to the development of breast cancer, especially given that the vast majority of breast cancers begin in a single lobular unit.

Methods
We examined the levels of total protein, progesterone, estradiol, estrone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and macrophages in ductal fluid samples obtained from 3 ducts each in 78 women, sampled twice over a 6 month period. Samples were processed for both cytological and molecular analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficients and mixed models were utilized to identify significant data.

Results
We found that the levels of these ductal fluid components were generally uncorrelated among ducts within a single breast and over time, suggesting that each lobe within the breast has a distinct physiology. However, we also found that estradiol was more correlated in women who were nulliparous or produced nipple aspirate fluid.

Conclusions
Our results provide evidence that the microenvironment of any given lobular unit is unique to that individual unit, findings that may provide clues about the initiation and development of ductal carcinomas.
Experimental Demonstration of Quasi-Resonant Absorption in Silicon Thin Films for Enhanced Solar Light Trapping
Creators: name: Oskooi, Ardavan
name: De Zoysa, Menaka
name: Ishizaki, Kenji
name: Noda, Susumu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrate that the addition of partial lattice disorder to a thin-film micro-crystalline silicon photonic crystal results in the controlled spectral broadening of its absorption peaks to form quasi resonances; increasing light trapping over a wide bandwidth while also reducing sensitivity to the angle of incident radiation. Accurate computational simulations are used to design the active-layer photonic crystal so as to maximize the number of its absorption resonances over the broadband interval where micro-crystalline silicon is weakly absorbing before lattice disorder augmented with fabrication-induced imperfections are applied to further boost performance. Such a design strategy may find practical use for increasing the efficiency of thin-film silicon photovoltaics.
Causal Structure of Brain Physiology after Brain Injury from Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Creators: name: Claassen, Jan
name: Rahman, Shah Atiqur
name: Huang, Yuxiao
name: Frey, Hans-Peter
name: Schmidt, J. Michael
name: Albers, David J.
name: Falo, Maria Cristina
name: Park, Soojin
name: Agarwal, Sachin
name: Connolly Jr., E. Sander
name: Kleinberg, Samantha
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Brain damage--Patients
subject: Brain--Physiology
subject: Intensive care units--Data processing
subject: Subarachnoid hemorrhage
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Medical sciences

description: High frequency physiologic data are routinely generated for intensive care patients. While massive amounts of data make it difficult for clinicians to extract meaningful signals, these data could provide insight into the state of critically ill patients and guide interventions. We develop uniquely customized computational methods to uncover the causal structure within systemic and brain physiologic measures recorded in a neurological intensive care unit after subarachnoid hemorrhage. While the data have many missing values, poor signal-to-noise ratio, and are composed from a heterogeneous patient population, our advanced imputation and causal inference techniques enable physiologic models to be learned for individuals. Our analyses confirm that complex physiologic relationships including demand and supply of oxygen underlie brain oxygen measurements and that mechanisms for brain swelling early after injury may differ from those that develop in a delayed fashion. These inference methods will enable wider use of ICU data to understand patient physiology.
The semileptonic decays of $B/B_s$ meson in the perturbative QCD approach: A short review
Creators: name: Xiao, Zhen-Jun
name: Fan, Ying-Ying
name: Wang, Wen-Fei
name: Cheng, Shan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this short review, we present the current status about the theoretical and experimental studies for some important semileptonic decays of $B/B_s$ mesons. We firstly gave a brief introduction for the experimental measurements for $B/B_s \to P (l^+l^-, l^-\barν_l, ν\barν)$ decays, the BaBar's $R(D)$ and $R(D^*)$ anomaly, the $P_5^\prime$ deviation for $B^0 \to K^{*0} μ^+ μ^-$ decay. We then made a careful discussion about the evaluations for the relevant form factors in the light-cone QCD sum rule (LCSRs), the heavy quark effective theory, and the perturbative QCD factorization approach. By using the form factors calculated in the perturbative (pQCD) approach, we then calculate and show the pQCD predictions for the decay rates of many semileptonic decays of $B/B_s$ mesons. We also made careful phenomenological analysis for these pQCD predictions and found, in general, the following points: (a) For all the considered $B/B_s$ semileptonic decays, the next-to-leading order (NLO) pQCD predictions for their decay rates agree well with the data and those from other different theoretical methods; (b) For $R(D)$ and $R(D^*)$, the pQCD predictions agree very well with the data, the BaBar's anomaly of $R(D^{(*)})$ are therefore explained successfully in the standard model by employing the pQCD approach; and (c) We defined several new ratios $R_D^{l,τ}$ and $R_{D_s}^{l,τ}$, they may be more sensitive to the QCD dynamics which controls the $B/B_s \to (D^{(*)},D_s^{(*)})$ transitions than the old ratios, we therefore strongly suggest LHCb and the forthcoming Super-B experiments to measure these new ratios.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures and 7 tables. Some references are updated. Final version being published in Chinese Science Bulletin
The Role of Genome Accessibility in Transcription Factor Binding in Bacteria
Creators: name: Gomes, Antonio L.
name: Wang, Harris H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Genetic regulation
subject: Bacterial genetics
subject: Transcription factors
subject: Molecular biology
subject: Pathology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: ChIP-seq enables genome-scale identification of regulatory regions that govern gene expression. However, the biological insights generated from ChIP-seq analysis have been limited to predictions of binding sites and cooperative interactions. Furthermore, ChIP-seq data often poorly correlate with in vitro measurements or predicted motifs, highlighting that binding affinity alone is insufficient to explain transcription factor (TF)-binding in vivo. One possibility is that binding sites are not equally accessible across the genome. A more comprehensive biophysical representation of TF-binding is required to improve our ability to understand, predict, and alter gene expression. Here, we show that genome accessibility is a key parameter that impacts TF-binding in bacteria. We developed a thermodynamic model that parameterizes ChIP-seq coverage in terms of genome accessibility and binding affinity. The role of genome accessibility is validated using a large-scale ChIP-seq dataset of the M. tuberculosis regulatory network. We find that accounting for genome accessibility led to a model that explains 63% of the ChIP-seq profile variance, while a model based in motif score alone explains only 35% of the variance. Moreover, our framework enables de novo ChIP-seq peak prediction and is useful for inferring TF-binding peaks in new experimental conditions by reducing the need for additional experiments. We observe that the genome is more accessible in intergenic regions, and that increased accessibility is positively correlated with gene expression and anti-correlated with distance to the origin of replication. Our biophysically motivated model provides a more comprehensive description of TF-binding in vivo from first principles towards a better representation of gene regulation in silico, with promising applications in systems biology.
Additional file 2 of Analysis of patients’ request to switch from a generic drug to the original drug in external prescriptions
Creators: name: Hamada, Yuhei
name: Uchida, Masashi
name: Arai, Sayaka
name: Yamazaki, Kaori
name: Takeda, Mariko
name: Arai, Kenichi
name: Nakamura, Takako
name: Suzuki, Takaaki
name: Ishii, Itsuko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Correlation among days after introducing each generic drug, number of patients prescribed each generic drug, and number of patients requesting original drug. A. Correlation between the number of days after the introduction of each generic drug and the number of patients prescribed each generic drug. B. Correlation between the number of patients prescribed each generic drug and the actual number of patients who desired to switch to the original drug. C. Correlation between the number of patients prescribed each generic drug and the frequency of the switch request per 1000 patients. D. Correlation between the number of days after the introduction of each generic drug and the frequency of the switch request per 1000 patients.
Planar lattices and equilateral odd-gons
Creators: name: Iino, Akira
name: Sakiyama, Masashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52C05, 11H06, 51M04

description: For a planar integral lattice $L$, let $ν(L)$ denote the square-free part of the integer $D(L)^2$, where $D(L)$ stands for the area of a fundamental parallelogram of $L$. For each odd integer $n$ with $3 \leq n<29$, a planar lattice $L$ contains an equilateral $n$-gon if and only if $L$ is similar to an integral lattice $L'$ such that $ν(L')\equiv 3 \pmod 4$ and the largest prime factor $p$ of $ν(L')$ satisfies $p \leq n$. Moreover, such $L$ contains a convex equilateral $n$-gon, which answers a problem posed by Maehara.
description: 7 pages, to appear in Yokohama Mathematical Journal