cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Toxicological responses of environmental mixtures: Environmental metal mixtures display synergistic induction of metal-responsive and oxidative stress genes in placental cells
Creators: name: Fry, Rebecca C.
name: Adebambo, Oluwadamilare A.
name: Shea, Damian
name: Ray, Paul D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Exposure to elevated levels of the toxic metals inorganic arsenic (iAs) and cadmium (Cd) represents a major global health problem. These metals often occur as mixtures in the environment, creating the potential for interactive or synergistic biological effects different from those observed in single exposure conditions. In the present study, environmental mixtures collected from two waste sites in China and comparable mixtures prepared in the laboratory were tested for toxicogenomic response in placental JEG-3 cells. These cells serve as a model for evaluating cellular responses to exposures during pregnancy. One of the mixtures was predominated by iAs and one by Cd. Six gene biomarkers were measured in order to evaluate the effects from the metals mixtures using dose and time-course experiments including: heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and metallothionein isoforms (MT1A, MT1F and MT1G) previously shown to be preferentially induced by exposure to either iAs or Cd, and metal transporter genes aquaporin-9 (AQP9) and ATPase, Cu2+ transporting, beta polypeptide (ATP7B). There was a significant increase in the mRNA expression levels of ATP7B, HO-1, MT1A, MT1F, and MT1G in mixture-treated cells compared to the iAs or Cd only-treated cells. Notably, the genomic responses were observed at concentrations significantly lower than levels found at the environmental collection sites. These data demonstrate that metal mixtures increase the expression of gene biomarkers in placental JEG-3 cells in a synergistic manner. Taken together, the data suggest that toxic metals that co-occur may induce detrimental health effects that are currently underestimated when analyzed as single metals.
Comment on: How the result of a single coin toss can turn out to be 100 heads
Creators: name: Brodutch, Aharon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ferrie and Combes [PRL 113 120404 (2014)] produce a classical measurement scheme that supposedly exhibits `anomalous' weak values. I show that their model is flawed due to an incorrect definition of the weak value. As a consequence their claims are invalid.
description: Includes a brief response to the the published reply [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 118902 (2015)]
Additional file 1 of Implication of asymptomatic and clinical Plasmodium falciparum infections on biomarkers of iron status among school-aged children in Malawi
Creators: name: Ntenda, Peter A. M.
name: Chirambo, Angeziwa C.
name: Nkoka, Owen
name: El-Meidany, Walaa M.
name: Goupeyou-Youmsi, Jessy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire for micronutrients survey module.
Use of cassette dosing in sandwich-cultured rat and human hepatocytes to identify drugs that inhibit bile acid transport
Creators: name: Webster, Lindsey O.
name: Wolf, Kristina K.
name: Polli, Joseph W.
name: Vora, Sapana
name: Generaux, Grant T.
name: Brouwer, Kim L.R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Hepatocellular accumulation of bile acids due to inhibition of the canalicular bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11) is one proposed mechanism of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Some hepatotoxic compounds also are potent inhibitors of bile acid uptake by Na+-dependent taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP/SLC10A1). This study used a cassette dosing approach in rat and human sandwich-cultured hepatocytes (SCH) to determine whether known or suspected hepatotoxic drugs inhibit bile acid transport individually or in combination. [3H]-Taurocholate served as the NTCP/BSEP probe substrate. Individually, cyclosporin A and rifampin decreased taurocholate in vitro biliary clearance (Clbiliary) and biliary excretion index (BEI) by more than 20% in rat SCH, suggesting that these drugs primarily inhibited canalicular efflux. In contrast, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, carbamazepine, pioglitazone, and troglitazone decreased the in vitro Clbiliary by more than 20% with no notable change in BEI, suggesting that these drugs primarily inhibited taurocholate uptake. Cassette dosing (n=2–4 compounds per cassette) in rat SCH yielded similar findings, and results in human SCH were consistent with rat SCH. In summary, cassette dosing in SCH is a useful in vitro approach to identify compounds that inhibit the hepatic uptake and/or excretion of bile acids, which may cause DILI.
In vitro lead exposure changes DNA methylation and expression of IGF2 and PEG1/MEST
Creators: name: Hoyo, Cathrine
name: Murphy, Susan K.
name: Nye, Monica D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Epigenetic processes, such as changes in DNA methylation, likely mediate the link between environmental exposures in utero and altered gene expression. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) that regulate imprinted genes may be especially vulnerable to environmental exposures since imprinting is established and maintained largely through DNA methylation, resulting in expression from only one parental chromosome. We used the human embryonic kidney cell line, HEK-293, to investigate the effects of exposure to physiologically relevant doses of lead acetate (Pb) on the methylation status of nine imprinted gene DMRs. We assessed mean methylation after seventy-two hours of Pb exposure (0-25 μg/dL) using bisulfite pyrosequencing. The PEG1/MEST and IGF2 DMRs had maximum methylation decreases of 9.6% (20 μg/dL; p< 0.005) and 3.8% (25 μg/dL; p< 0.005), respectively. Changes at the MEG3 DMRs had a maximum decrease in methylation of 2.9% (MEG3) and 1.8% (MEG3-IG) at 5μg/dL Pb, but were not statistically significant. The H19, NNAT, PEG3, PLAGL1, and SGCE/PEG10 DMRs showed a less than 0.5% change in methylation for (across the dose range used), and were deemed non-responsive to Pb in our model. Pb exposure below reportable/actionable levels increased expression of PEG1/MEST concomitant with decreased methylation. These results suggest that Pb exposure can stably alter the regulatory capacity of multiple imprinted DMRs.
Exploring dementia and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis genes in 100 FTD-like patients from 6 towns and rural villages on the Adriatic Sea cost of Apulia
Creators: name: Sassi, Celeste
name: Capozzo, Rosa
name: Hammer, Monia
name: Zecca, Chiara
name: Federoff, Monica
name: Blauwendraat, Cornelis
name: Bernstein, Nick
name: Ding, Jinhui
name: Gibbs, J. Raphael
name: Price, Timothy
name: Singleton, Andrew
name: Logroscino, Giancarlo
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD)
subject: neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
subject: genes
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) refers to a complex spectrum of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders. Although fully penetrant mutations in several genes have been identified and can explain the pathogenic mechanisms underlying a great portion of the Mendelian forms of the disease, still a significant number of families and sporadic cases remains genetically unsolved. We performed whole exome sequencing in 100 patients with a late-onset and heterogeneous FTD-like clinical phenotype from Apulia and screened mendelian dementia and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis genes. We identified a nonsense mutation in SORL1 VPS domain (p.R744X), in 2 siblings displaying AD with severe language problems and primary progressive aphasia and a near splice-site mutation in CLCN6 (p.S116P) segregating with an heterogeneous phenotype, ranging from behavioural FTD to FTD with memory onset and to the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia in one family. Moreover 2 sporadic cases with behavioural FTD carried heterozygous mutations in the CSF1R Tyrosin kinase flanking regions (p.E573K and p.R549H). By contrast, only a minority of patients carried pathogenic C9orf72 repeat expansions (1%) and likely moderately pathogenic variants in GRN (p.C105Y, p.C389fs and p.C139R) (3%). In concert with recent studies, our findings support a common pathogenic mechanisms between FTD and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis and suggests that neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis genes should be investigated also in dementia patients with predominant frontal symptoms and language impairments.
Men, Money, and Mistrust: The Story Behind South Korea’s Conservative Uprising
Creators: name: Lee, Yoojung
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Stanford Global Studies
subject: East Asian Studies
subject: Policy
subject: Asia
subject: Korea (South)
subject: Gender
subject: Politics and government
subject: Elections
subject: Voting
subject: Polarization (Social sciences)
subject: Partisanship

description: Studies carried out in previous decades saw women as agents of change for a gender gap in electoral behavior. The recent observation is that the partisanship gap is mainly a function of women’s swing to the left. Here, it is examined whether this phenomenon of the modern gender gap, with women more left-leaning, has become apparent in South Korea. The paper draws on evidence from the 2003-2021 Korean General Social Survey (KGSS) to investigate the pattern of gender differences in party identification. This study establishes that gender differences in partisanship in South Korea have been realigning, with men shifting toward the right, and delves into the reason for this development, especially focusing on the role of unemployment. Through logistic models of party preferences, this article concludes that unemployment is positively correlated with male conservatism in South Korea after 2016.
Elastin-specific MRI of extracellular matrix-remodelling following hepatic radiofrequency-ablation in a VX2 liver tumor model
Creators: name: Collettini, Federico
name: Reimann, Carolin
name: Brangsch, Julia
name: Chapiro, Julius
name: Savic, Lynn Jeanette
name: Onthank, David C.
name: Robinson, Simon P.
name: Karst, Uwe
name: Buchholz, Rebecca
name: Keller, Sarah
name: Hamm, Bernd
name: Goldberg, S. Nahum
name: Makowski, Marcus R.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: VX2 liver tumor model
subject: hepatic radiofrequency ablation (RFA)
subject: elastin-specific MR agent (ESMA)
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Hepatic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) induces a drastic alteration of the biomechanical environment in the peritumoral liver tissue. The resulting increase in matrix stiffness has been shown to significantly influence carcinogenesis and cancer progression after focal RF ablation. To investigate the potential of an elastin-specific MR agent (ESMA) for the assessment of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in the periablational rim following RFA in a VX2 rabbit liver tumor-model, twelve New-Zealand-White-rabbits were implanted in the left liver lobe with VX2 tumor chunks from donor animals. RFA of tumors was performed using a perfused RF needle-applicator with a mean tip temperature of 70 degrees C. Animals were randomized into four groups for MR imaging and scanned at four different time points following RFA (week 0 [baseline], week 1, week 2 and week 3 after RFA), followed by sacrifice and histopathological analysis. ESMA-enhanced MR imaging was used to assess ECM remodeling. Gadobutrol was used as a third-space control agent. Molecular MR imaging using an elastin-specific probe demonstrated a progressive increase in contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) (week 3: ESMA: 28.1 +/- 6.0; gadobutrol: 3.5 +/- 2.0), enabling non-invasive imaging of the peritumoral zone with high spatial-resolution, and accurate assessment of elastin deposition in the periablational rim. In vivo CNR correlated with ex vivo histomorphometry (ElasticaVanGiesson-stain, y=1.2x - 1.8, R-2=0.89, p<0.05) and gadolinium concentrations at inductively coupled mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS, y=0.04x+1.2, R-2=0.95, p<0.05). Laser-ICP-MS confirmed colocalization of elastin-specific probe with elastic fibers. Following thermal ablation, molecular imaging using an elastin-specific MR probe is feasible and provides a quantifiable biomarker for the assessment of the ablation-induced remodeling of the ECM in the periablational rim.
Momentum scale dependence of the net quark number fluctuations near chiral crossover
Creators: name: Morita, Kenji
name: Redlich, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate properties of the net baryon number fluctuations near chiral crossover in a hot and dense medium of strongly interacting quarks. The chirally invariant quark-antiquark interactions are modeled by an effective quark-meson Lagrangian. To preserve remnants of criticality in the O(4) universality class, we apply the functional renormalization group method to describe thermodynamics near chiral crossover. Our studies are focused on the influence of the momentum cuts on the critical behavior of different cumulants of the net quark number fluctuations. We use the momentum scale dependence of the flow equation to examine how the suppression of the momentum modes in the infrared and ultraviolet regime modifies generic properties of fluctuations expected in the O(4) universality class. We show, that the pion mass $m_π$ is a natural soft momentum scale at which cumulants are saturated at their critical values, whereas for scales larger than $2m_π$ the characteristic O(4) structure of the higher order cumulants get lost. These results indicate, that when measuring fluctuations of the net baryon number in heavy ion collisions to search for a partial restoration of chiral symmetry or critical point, a special care have to be made when introducing kinematical cuts on the fluctuation measurements.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures. To appear in Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys
Relativistic tunneling picture of electron-positron pair creation
Creators: name: Wöllert, Anton
name: Klaiber, Michael
name: Bauke, Heiko
name: Keitel, Christoph H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The common tunneling picture of electron-positron pair creation in a strong electric field is generalized to pair creation in combined crossed electric and magnetic fields. This enhanced picture, being symmetric for electrons and positrons, is formulated in a gauge-invariant and Lorentz-invariant manner for quasistatic fields. It may be used to infer qualitative features of the pair creation process. In particular, it allows for an intuitive interpretation of how the presence of a magnetic field modifies and, in particular cases, even enhances pair creation. The creation of electrons and positrons from the vacuum may be assisted by an energetic photon, which can also be incorporated into this picture of pair creation.
Additional file 2 of Implication of asymptomatic and clinical Plasmodium falciparum infections on biomarkers of iron status among school-aged children in Malawi
Creators: name: Ntenda, Peter A. M.
name: Chirambo, Angeziwa C.
name: Nkoka, Owen
name: El-Meidany, Walaa M.
name: Goupeyou-Youmsi, Jessy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Questionnaire for the main Malawi Demographic and Health Survey.
Phase-locking of time-delayed attosecond XUV pulse pairs
Creators: name: Koll, Lisa-Marie
name: Maikowski, Laura
name: Drescher, Lorenz
name: Vrakking, Marcus J. J.
name: Witting, Tobias
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Attosecond pulses
subject: Electric fields
subject: Fourier transform spectroscopy
subject: Photoelectron spectroscopy
subject: Power spectra
subject: Pulse shaping
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: We present a setup for the generation of phase-locked attosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulse pairs. The attosecond pulse pairs are generated by high harmonic generation (HHG) driven by two phase-locked near-infrared (NIR) pulses that are produced using an actively stabilized Mach-Zehnder interferometer compatible with near-single cycle pulses. The attosecond XUV pulses can be delayed over a range of 400 fs with a sub-10-as delay jitter. We validate the precision and the accuracy of the setup by XUV optical interferometry and by retrieving the energies of Rydberg states of helium in an XUV pump–NIR probe photoelectron spectroscopy experiment.
Non-Abelian Moduli on Domain Walls
Creators: name: Kurianovych, Evgeniy
name: Shifman, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a simple model supporting domain walls which possess two orientational moduli in addition to the conventional translational modulus. This model is conceptually close to Witten's cosmic strings. We observe an $O(3)$ sigma model on the wall world volume in the low-energy limit. We solve (numerically) classical static equations of motion and find the wall profile functions and the value of the coupling of the $O(3)$ model in terms of the bulk parameters. In the second part a term describing a spin-orbit interaction in the bulk is added, which gives rise to an entanglement between rotational and translational moduli. The corresponding extra term in the low-energy Lagrangian is calculated.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
The role of NOX enzymes in ethanol-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in mouse embryos
Creators: name: Sulik, Kathleen K.
name: Dong, Jian
name: Chen, Shao-yu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in ethanol-induced apoptosis and teratogenesis. However, the major sources of ROS in ethanol-exposed embryos have remained undefined. This study was conducted to determine the role of NADPH oxidase (NOX) in ethanol-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in mouse embryos. Analyses of mRNA expression indicated that ethanol treatment resulted in a significant increase in mRNA expression of NOX catalytic subunit Duox-1 in gestational day 9 (GD 9:0) mouse embryos. Ethanol exposure also resulted in significant increases in mRNA expression of NOX regulatory subunits, p22phox, p67phox, NOXA1 and NOXO1. In addition, a significant increase in NOX enzyme activity was found in the ethanol-exposed embryos as compared to controls. Co-treatment with the NOX inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), significantly prevented ethanol-induced increases in NOX enzyme activity, ROS generation and oxidative DNA damage in ethanol-exposed embryos. DPI treatment also resulted in a reduction in caspase-3 activation, decreased caspase-3 activity and diminished prevalence of apoptosis in ethanol-exposed embryos. These results support the hypothesis that NOX is a critical source of ROS in ethanol-exposed embryos and that it plays an important role in ethanol-induced oxidative stress and pathogenesis.
Asymptomatic secondary hyperparathyroidism can mimic sacroiliitis on computed tomography
Creators: name: Kreutzinger, Virginie
name: Diekhoff, Torsten
name: Liefeldt, Lutz
name: Poddubnyy, Denis
name: Hermann, Kay Geert A.
name: Ziegeler, Katharina
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: chronic kidney disease (CKD)
subject: secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT)
subject: sacroiliitis
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) as a result of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common health problem and has been reported to manifest at the sacroiliac joints (SIJ). The aim of this investigation was to systematically assess sacroiliac joint changes in asymptomatic sHPT as detected by high-resolution CT. Included in this IRB-approved retrospective case-control study were 56 patients with asymptomatic sHPT as well as 259 matched controls without SIJ disease. Demographic data were retrieved from electronic patient records. High-resolution computed tomography datasets of all patients were subjected to a structured scoring, including erosions, sclerosis, osteophytes, joint space alterations and intraarticular calcifications. Chi(2) tests were used to compare frequencies of lesions. Erosions were significantly more prevalent in patients with sHPT, and were found mainly in the ventral (28.6% vs. 13.9%; p = 0.016) and middle (17.9% vs. 7.7%; p = 0.040) iliac portions of the SIJ. Partial ankylosis was rare in both cohorts (3.6% vs. 5.0%; p > 0.999); complete ankylosis was not observed. Neither extent not prevalence of sclerosis or calcifications differed significantly between groups. Joint lesions reminiscent of sacroiliitis can be found in a substantial portion of asymptomatic patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Further investigations into the clinical significance of these findings are warranted.
Additional file 1 of The spatio-temporal dynamics of infant mortality in Ecuador from 2010 to 2019
Creators: name: Lalangui, Karina
name: Rivadeneira Maya, Karina
name: Sánchez-Carrillo, Christian
name: Sosa Cortéz, Gersain
name: Quentin, Emmanuelle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Infant mortalitiy priorization statistics obtained for the 221 municipalities of Ecuador.
MPEC 2023-R86 : 2023 RM2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 RM2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Two Americas: a mixed-methods approach to examining racial capitalism in business ownership
Creators: name: McNeese, Jazmyne
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2023

description: This paper investigates experiential differences in business ownership under the framework of “Two Americas,” a term coined by the Kerner Commission, a task force assembled under Lyndon B Johnson in the 1960s. This work has four primary purposes: (1) to employ racial capitalism as a framework while using a mixed-methodological approach to help aid in the translation of value to profit and the impact of that translation on business owners, (2) to contextualize disparities in wealth for Black business owners from individualistic deficiencies to fully operational ethnic economies, (3) to expand definitions of what it means to be resilient for Black communities amid challenging circumstances, and (4) to include these considerations when assessing what it means to close the racial wealth gap. This paper begins by evaluating literature that intersects structural inequality and wealth-building, then positions business ownership as the vehicle for wealth-building and the focus of this work. Next, this study presents racial capitalism as a lens to understand and interpret quantitative and qualitative data. Then this study describes the methodological choices and discusses using the Oaxaca decomposition analysis, participatory observation fieldwork, and content analysis of photographs and the findings thereof. Lastly, this study finds: (1) a 44% difference in sales receipts between Black and white business owners, (2) that Black business owners provide surplus value for the community because of the disinvestment in their neighborhoods and their labor is uncompensated, (3) and lastly, that embedded resilience of Black business owners is a key mechanism in the production ethnic economies. This study quantifies structural inequality in business ownership, presents a case for the “Two Americas” concept, and proposes the reconsideration of how one measures the racial gap. Concluding with suggestions for future research and implications for policy decisions, this work is foundational for using racial theory to answer empirical questions about the social world.
Deterministic photon-emitter coupling in chiral photonic circuits
Creators: name: Söllner, Immo
name: Mahmoodian, Sahand
name: Hansen, Sofie Lindskov
name: Midolo, Leonardo
name: Javadi, Alisa
name: Kiršanskė, Gabija
name: Pregnolato, Tommaso
name: El-Ella, Haitham
name: Lee, Eun Hye
name: Song, Jin Dong
name: Stobbe, Søren
name: Lodahl, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to engineer photon emission and photon scattering is at the heart of modern photonics applications ranging from light harvesting, through novel compact light sources, to quantum-information processing based on single photons. Nanophotonic waveguides are particularly well suited for such applications since they confine photon propagation to a 1D geometry thereby increasing the interaction between light and matter. Adding chiral functionalities to nanophotonic waveguides lead to new opportunities enabling integrated and robust quantum-photonic devices or the observation of novel topological photonic states. In a regular waveguide, a quantum emitter radiates photons in either of two directions, and photon emission and absorption are reverse processes. This symmetry is violated in nanophotonic structures where a non-transversal local electric field implies that both photon emission and scattering may become directional. Here we experimentally demonstrate that the internal state of a quantum emitter determines the chirality of single-photon emission in a specially engineered photonic-crystal waveguide. Single-photon emission into the waveguide with a directionality of more than 90\% is observed under conditions where practically all emitted photons are coupled to the waveguide. Such deterministic and highly directional photon emission enables on-chip optical diodes, circulators operating at the single-photon level, and deterministic quantum gates. Based on our experimental demonstration, we propose an experimentally achievable and fully scalable deterministic photon-photon CNOT gate, which so far has been missing in photonic quantum-information processing where most gates are probabilistic.
description: The revised manuscript has been significantly updated and the experimental demonstration of chiral emission has been included
Billey-Postnikov decompositions and the fibre bundle structure of Schubert varieties
Creators: name: Richmond, Edward
name: Slofstra, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A theorem of Ryan and Wolper states that a type A Schubert variety is smooth if and only if it is an iterated fibre bundle of Grassmannians. We extend this theorem to arbitrary finite type, showing that a Schubert variety in a generalized flag variety is rationally smooth if and only if it is an iterated fibre bundle of rationally smooth Grassmannian Schubert varieties. The proof depends on deep combinatorial results of Billey-Postnikov on Weyl groups. We determine all smooth and rationally smooth Grassmannian Schubert varieties, and give a new proof of Peterson's theorem that all simply-laced rationally smooth Schubert varieties are smooth. Taken together, our results give a fairly complete geometric description of smooth and rationally smooth Schubert varieties using primarily combinatorial methods.
description: 22 pages. Substantial changes for publication; in particular, results for affine type A now appear in arXiv:1702.02236. This version does contain some schematic diagrams which are not in the published version, and which may be helpful
In vitro models for liver toxicity testing
Creators: name: Soldatow, Valerie Y.
name: Griffith, Linda G.
name: LeCluyse, Edward L.
name: Rusyn, Ivan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Over the years, various liver-derived in vitro model systems have been developed to enable investigation of the potential adverse effects of chemicals and drugs. Liver tissue slices, isolated microsomes, perfused liver, immortalized cell lines, and primary hepatocytes have been used extensively. Immortalized cell lines and primary isolated liver cells are currently most widely used in vitro models for liver toxicity testing. Limited throughput, loss of viability, and decreases in liver-specific functionality and gene expression are common shortcomings of these models. Recent developments in the field of in vitro hepatotoxicity include three-dimensional tissue constructs and bioartificial livers, co-cultures of various cell types with hepatocytes, and differentiation of stem cells into hepatic lineage-like cells. In an attempt to provide a more physiological environment for cultured liver cells, some of the novel cell culture systems incorporate fluid flow, micro-circulation, and other forms of organotypic microenvironments. Co-cultures aim to preserve liver-specific morphology and functionality beyond those provided by cultures of pure parenchymal cells. Stem cells, both embryonic- and adult tissue-derived, may provide a limitless supply of hepatocytes from multiple individuals to improve reproducibility and enable testing of the individual-specific toxicity. This review describes various traditional and novel in vitro liver models and provides a perspective on the challenges and opportunities afforded by each individual test system.
Examining the Greenhouse Gas Emission Efficiency of the Food and Beverage Industry
Creators: name: Kang, Hyonyong
name: Kang, Hyonyong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: greenhouse gas emission
subject: emission efficiency
subject: directional distance function

description: This study examines the food and beverage industry’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emission efficiency, using the stochastic frontier analysis. The results are as follows. First, the average emission efficiency of the food and beverage industry is 0.85, indicating that the food and beverage industry has relatively high technical efficiency to reduce GHG emissions. Second, the average emission efficiency increases from 0.77 to 0.91 between 2011 and 2020. It appears that the food and beverage industry has managed GHG emissions against the challenges from carbon reduction pressures. Third, regarding the GHG emission mitigation potential, the results show that most companies have different potentials for GHG reductions from investment in efficient carbon-reducing technologies.
Near Infrared Spectroscopy of M Dwarfs. I. CO Molecule as an Abundance Indicator of Carbon
Creators: name: Tsuji, Takashi
name: Nakajima, Tadashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the near infrared spectra of 42 M dwarfs, carbon abundances are determined from the ro-vibrational lines of CO 2-0 band. We use Teff values based on the angular diameters if available or apply a logTeff - M3.4 (the absolute magnitude at 3.4 micron based on the WISE W1 flux and the Hipparcos parallax) relation to estimate Teff values of objects for which angular diameters are unknown. Also, we discuss briefly the HR diagram of low mass stars. On the observed spectrum of M dwarf, the continuum is depressed by the numerous weak lines of H2O and only the depressed continuum or the pseudo- continuum can be seen. On the theoretical spectrum of M dwarfs, we find that the pseudo-continuum can be evaluated accurately thanks to the recent H2O line database. Then quantitative analysis of the spectrum of M dwarf can be done by referring to the pseudo-continua both on the observed and theoretical spectra. Since the basic principle of the spectroscopic analysis should be the same whether the true- or pseudo-continuum is referred to, the difficulty related to the continuum in cool stars can in principle be overcome. Then, the numerous CO lines can be excellent abundance indicators of carbon, since almost all the carbon atoms are in stable CO molecules whose abundance remains almost unchanged for the changes of physical condition in the photosphere and, somewhat unexpectedly, carbon abundances in late-type stars can best be determined in M dwarfs rather than in solar type stars. The resulting C/Fe ratios for most M dwarfs are nearly constant at about the solar value based on the classical high carbon abundance rather than on the recently revised lower value. This result implies that the solar carbon abundance is atypical for its metallicity among the stellar objects in the solar neighborhood if the downward revised solar carbon abundance is correct.
description: 33 pages, 17 figures, 13 tables + 1 table for electronic version only, minor changes in abstract, errors corrected in Tables 5, 8, and 10, corrected typos, accepted by PASJ
Additional file 1 of LRIG2 regulates cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis of osteosarcoma
Creators: name: Li, Zhi-Qiang
name: Liao, Wei-Jie
name: Sun, Bo-Lin
name: Luo, Zhi-Wen
name: Zhong, Nan-Shan
name: Wu, Jia-Bao
name: Liu, Zhi-Li
name: Liu, Jia-Ming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure 1. (A) IHC staining of LRIG2 in OS tissues and Para-cancerous tissues (100× and 400×). (B) The images of the original blots of the relative expression of LRIG2 protein in OS cell lines (MG63, 143B, HOS and U2) compared with human osteoblast cell line hFOB1.19. (C) TCGA database analyzes the 5-year survival prognosis of LRIG2 in sarcoma patients. Figure 2. (A) The original western blot images of knockout efficiency of LRIG2 gene of three different short hairpins. (B) The original blots images of silencing LRIG2 efficiency (HOS and 143B cells). Figure 3. (A) Original western blot images of the expression levels of various proteins after LRIG2 knockdown (HOS cell line). (B) Original western blot images of the expression levels of various proteins after LRIG2 knockdown (143B cell line). All the blots were cut prior to hybridization with antibodies. Figure 4. Silencing LRIG2 inhibits the growth of osteosarcoma spontaneous metastasis xenograft models. (A) Orthotopic osteosarcoma xenograft tumor models were established, the nude mice were euthanized after 4 weeks, orthotopic tumors dissected to obtain samples. (B) Tumor sizes were measured weekly and calculated using the following formula: V= (Length×Width^2/2). (C) Tumors were dissected and weighted. Figure 5. Silencing LRIG2 inhibits the growth of osteosarcoma xenograft tumor. LRIG2 stably transfected gene silencing were inoculated subcutaneously into the nude mice. The nude mice were euthanized after 5 weeks, subcutaneous tumors dissected to obtain samples (6 for control group and 6 for LRIG2- knockdown group). The relative mRNA expression levels of control group and LRIG2-knockdown group were detected by qRT-PCR.
Multivariate concentration determination using principal component regression with residual analysis
Creators: name: Keithley, Richard B.
name: Heien, Michael L.
name: Mark Wightman, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Data analysis is an essential tenet of analytical chemistry, extending the possible information obtained from the measurement of chemical phenomena. Chemometric methods have grown considerably in recent years, but their wide use is hindered because some still consider them too complicated. The purpose of this review is to describe a multivariate chemometric method, principal component regression, in a simple manner from the point of view of an analytical chemist, to demonstrate the need for proper quality-control (QC) measures in multivariate analysis and to advocate the use of residuals as a proper QC method.
Tanque Séptico Econômico e Tanque de Evapotranspiração: Guia para a construção de um sistema descentralizado de tratamento de esgotos
Creators: name: Lopes, Alex Eduardo
name: De Almeida Carvalho, Graziele Wolff
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Esse trabalho é uma cartilha gerada como produto da dissertação de Alex Eduardo Lopes no Mestrado Profissional em Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia Ambiental do IFMG (Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais) que visa auxiliar pequenos produtores rurais a implantarem em suas propriedades o tratamento de esgoto doméstico baseado no sistema combinado de Tanque Séptico Econômico e Tanque de Evapotranspiração.
Citron Kinase, a RhoA Effector, Enhances HIV-1 Virion Production by Modulating Exocytosis
Creators: name: Der, Channing J.
name: Elms, Andrew
name: Loomis, Rebecca J.
name: Holmes, Derek A.
name: Solski, Patricia A.
name: Su, Lishan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: RhoGTPases play important roles in the regulation of protein transport and membrane recycling. Little is known, however, about how RhoGTPases affect HIV-1 virion production, which is dependent on the endosomal sorting pathway. We report that ectopic expression of citron kinase (citron-K), a RhoA effector, preferentially enhances HIV-1 virion production. Depletion of endogenous citron-K inhibits HIV-1 virion production. Citron-N, which lacks the kinase domain, also enhances HIV-1 virion production. The leucine zipper, Rho-binding and zinc finger domains of citron-N are necessary for the enhancement activity. Citron-K also enhances murine leukemia virion production and the HIV-1 late domain is not required for the citron-K-mediated enhancement. Ectopic expression of citron-K leads to the formation of cytoplasmic structures containing citron-K and HIV-1 Gag proteins. HIV-1 and citron-K cooperatively enhance acidic endosome and lysosome compartments. Finally, citron-K promotes exocytosis of microvesicles or exosomes that co-purify with HIV-1 virions. We conclude that citron-K enhances HIV-1 virion production by stimulating the endosomal compartments and exocytosis.
Halo abundances within the cosmic web
Creators: name: Alonso, David
name: Eardley, Elizabeth
name: Peacock, John A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dependence of the mass function of dark-matter haloes on their environment within the cosmic web of large-scale structure. A dependence of the halo mass function on large-scale mean density is a standard element of cosmological theory, allowing mass-dependent biasing to be understood via the peak-background split. On the assumption of a Gaussian density field, this analysis can be extended to ask how the mass function depends on the geometrical environment: clusters, filaments, sheets and voids, as classified via the tidal tensor (the Hessian matrix of the gravitational potential). In linear theory, the problem can be solved exactly, and the result is attractively simple: the conditional mass function has no explicit dependence on the local tidal field, and is a function only of the local density on the filtering scale used to define the tidal tensor. There is nevertheless a strong implicit predicted dependence on geometrical environment, because the local density couples statistically to the derivatives of the potential. We compute the predictions of this model and study the limits of their validity by comparing them to results deduced empirically from $N$-body simulations. We have verified that, to a good approximation, the abundance of haloes in different environments depends only on their densities, and not on their tidal structure. In this sense we find relative differences between halo abundances in different environments with the same density which are smaller than 13%. Furthermore, for sufficiently large filtering scales, the agreement with the theoretical prediction is good, although there are important deviations from the Gaussian prediction at small, non-linear scales. We discuss how to obtain improved predictions in this regime, using the 'effective-universe' approach.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures. Revision matching journal version
A PDZ-Binding Motif Controls Basolateral Targeting of Syndecan-1 Along the Biosynthetic Pathway in Polarized Epithelial Cells
Creators: name: Mellman, Ira
name: Fölsch, Heike
name: Anderson, James M.
name: Sfakianos, Jeff
name: Walther, Zenta
name: Anderson, Eric
name: Maday, Sandra
name: Chang, Henry C.
name: Satoh, Ayano
name: Shorter, James
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The cell surface proteoglycan, syndecan-1, is essential for normal epithelial morphology and function. Syndecan-1 is selectively localized to the basolateral domain of polarized epithelial cells and interacts with cytosolic PDZ (PSD-95, discs large, ZO-1) domain-containing proteins. Here, we show that the polarity of syndecan-1 is determined by its type II PDZ-binding motif. Mutations within the PDZ-binding motif lead to the mislocalization of syndecan-1 to the apical surface. In contrast to previous examples, however, PDZ-binding motif-dependent polarity is not determined by retention at the basolateral surface but rather by polarized sorting prior to syndecan-1’s arrival at the plasma membrane. Although none of the four known PDZ-binding partners of syndecan-1 appears to control basolateral localization, our results show that the PDZ-binding motif of syndecan-1 is decoded along the biosynthetic pathway establishing a potential role for PDZ-mediated interactions in polarized sorting.
Additional file 1 of Assessment of liquid and gas impingement cooling fluids with numerical solution for better steel austempering
Creators: name: Nwankwo, Azubuike Michael
name: Onah, Thomas Okechukwu
name: Nwankwojike, Bertrand Nduka
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Mass Transfer from Giant Donors
Creators: name: Pavlovskii, K.
name: Ivanova, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stability of mass transfer in binaries with convective giant donors remains an open question in modern astrophysics. There is a significant discrepancy between what the existing methods predict for a response to mass loss of the giant itself, as well as for the mass transfer rate during the Roche lobe overflow. Here we show that the recombination energy in the superadiabatic layer plays an important and hitherto unaccounted-for role in he donor's response to mass loss, in particular on its luminosity and effective temperature. Our improved optically thick nozzle method to calculate the mass transfer rate via $L_1$ allows us to evolve binary systems for a substantial Roche lobe overflow. We propose a new, strengthened criterion for the mass transfer instability, basing it on whether the donor experiences overflow through its outer Lagrangian point. We find that with the new criterion, if the donor has a well-developed outer convective envelope, the critical initial mass ratio for which a binary would evolve stably through the conservative mass transfer varies from $1.5$ to $2.2$, which is about twice as large as previously believed. In underdeveloped giants with shallow convective envelopes this critical ratio may be even larger. When the convective envelope is still growing, and in particular for most cases of massive donors, the critical mass ratio gradually decreases to this value, from that of radiative donors.
description: Accepted to MNRAS
S-wave ground state charmonium decays of $B_c$ mesons in the perturbative QCD approach
Creators: name: Rui, Zhou
name: Zou, Zhi-Tian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We make a systematic investigation on the two-body nonleptonic decays $B_c\rightarrow J/Ψ(η_c),M$ by employing the perturbative QCD approach based on $k_T$ factorization, where $M$ is a light pseudoscalar or vector or a heavy charmed meson. We predict the branching ratios and direct CP asymmetries of these $B_c$ decays and also the transverse polarization fractions of $B_c\rightarrow J/ΨV,J/ψD^{*}_{(s)}$ decays. It is found that these decays have a large branching ratios of the order of $10^{-4} - 10^{-2}$ and could be measured by the future LHC-b experiment. Our predictions for the ratios of branching fractions $\frac{\mathcal {BR}(B_c^+\rightarrow J/ΨD_s^+)} {\mathcal {BR}(B_c^+\rightarrow J/Ψπ^+)}$ ,$\frac{\mathcal {BR}(B_c^+\rightarrow J/ΨD_s^{*+})} {\mathcal {BR}(B_c^+\rightarrow J/ΨD_s^+)}$ and $\frac{\mathcal {BR}(B_c^+\rightarrow J/ΨK^+)} {\mathcal {BR}(B_c^+\rightarrow J/Ψπ^+)}$ are in good agreement with the data. A large transverse polarization fraction which can reach $48\%$ is predicted in $B_c^+\rightarrow J/ΨD_s^{*+}$ decay, which is consistent with the data. We find a possible direct CP violation in $B_c\rightarrow J/ψD^{*}$ decays, which are helpful to test the CP violating effects in $B_c$ decays.
description: 38 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables