cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 2 of Study of Medical Ultrasound for Rhizarthrosis (SUR): study protocol for a randomized controlled single-center pilot-trial
Creators: name: Bock, Markus
name: Eisenschenk, Andreas
name: Lorenzen, Heiko
name: Lautenbach, Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents
Moduli-Space Approximation for BPS Brane-Worlds
Creators: name: Palma, Gonzalo A.
name: Davis, Anne-Christine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the moduli-space approximation for the low energy regime of BPS-branes with a bulk scalar field to obtain an effective four-dimensional action describing the system. An arbitrary BPS potential is used and account is taken of the presence of matter in the branes and small supersymmetry breaking terms. The resulting effective theory is a bi-scalar tensor theory of gravity. In this theory, the scalar degrees of freedom can be stabilized naturally without the introduction of additional mechanisms other than the appropriate BPS potential. We place observational constraints on the shape of the potential and the global configuration of branes.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
Algebraic invariants for right-angled Artin groups
Creators: name: Papadima, Stefan
name: Suciu, Alexander I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F36 (primary), 13F55, 20F14, 55P62, 57M07 (secondary)

description: A finite simplicial graph Γdetermines a right-angled Artin group G_Γ, with generators corresponding to the vertices of Γ, and with a relation vw=wv for each pair of adjacent vertices. We compute the lower central series quotients, the Chen quotients, and the (first) resonance variety of G_Γ, directly from the graph Γ.
description: 20 pages; accepted for publication by Math. Annalen
A Recipe for Creating Multimodal Aligned Datasets for Sequential Tasks
Creators: name: Lin, Angela S.
name: Rao, Sudha
name: Celikyilmaz, Asli
name: Nouri, Elnaz
name: Brockett, Chris
name: Dey, Debadeepta
name: Dolan, Bill
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many high-level procedural tasks can be decomposed into sequences of instructions that vary in their order and choice of tools. In the cooking domain, the web offers many partially-overlapping text and video recipes (i.e. procedures) that describe how to make the same dish (i.e. high-level task). Aligning instructions for the same dish across different sources can yield descriptive visual explanations that are far richer semantically than conventional textual instructions, providing commonsense insight into how real-world procedures are structured. Learning to align these different instruction sets is challenging because: a) different recipes vary in their order of instructions and use of ingredients; and b) video instructions can be noisy and tend to contain far more information than text instructions. To address these challenges, we first use an unsupervised alignment algorithm that learns pairwise alignments between instructions of different recipes for the same dish. We then use a graph algorithm to derive a joint alignment between multiple text and multiple video recipes for the same dish. We release the Microsoft Research Multimodal Aligned Recipe Corpus containing 150K pairwise alignments between recipes across 4,262 dishes with rich commonsense information.
description: This paper has been accepted to be published at ACL 2020
Where Are the Veterinarian Shortage Areas Anyway?
Creators: name: Wang, Tong
name: Hennessy, David A.
name: O'Connor, Annette M.
name: Wang, Tong
name: Hennessy, David A.
name: O'Connor, Annette M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: economic externalities
subject: food animal veterinarians
subject: loan repayment program.

description: This paper describes an econometric model to evaluate factors associated with a county’s likelihood of being designated as a private practice shortage area under the United States’ Veterinary Medicine Loan Repayment Program (VMLRP). Study determinants of equilibrium food animal veterinarian location choices were also evaluated and used as a benchmark to assess the shortage designation process. On the whole the program appears to perform quite well. For several states, however, VMLRP shortage designations are inconsistent with the model of food animal veterinarian shortages. Comparative shortage is generally more severe in states that have no VMLRP designated private practice shortage counties than in states that do.
Assessment of on-site sewage disposal system impacts to ground and surface waters in an unconfined aquifer
Creators: name: Goble, Heather Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The objective of this project was to determine if on-site sewage disposal systems are contributing to degradation of water quality in the Brookswood aquifer, Anderson Creek and the Little Campbell River through the use of environmental monitoring and assessment methods that can be used as a template for similar investigations within other unconfined aquifers. This is a case study to provide an integrated mapping and monitoring protocol to assess nitrate contamination levels in unconfined aquifers and make recommendations for projected on-site sewage disposal system densities The Brookswood aquifer, located in South Langley, B.C., is largely unconfined and considered highly susceptible to contaminants due to its excellent storage capacity and high infiltration/percolation rates. The Little Campbell River and Anderson Creek are important spawning habitats for salmonids and thus sensitive to flow variations and nutrient loading. Groundwater (one hundred wells) and surface water quality (2 streams) were monitored in the aquifer area for nutrients (nitrate-nitrogen, phosphate), general water quality (chloride, conductivity, metals) and pathogen presence (fecal coliforms, bacterial source tracking) from July 2003 to April 2004. An analysis was also made of land use and septic system location and their relationship to the groundwater and surface water quality conditions. Six percent of wells had a maximum nitrate-nitrogen concentration of 10 mg/L or greater, the recommended guideline for Canadian drinking water quality. Groundwater nitrate concentrations were positively correlated with residential land use in unserviced areas and sewage disposal system densities. Management strategies for small septic systems to prevent unconfined aquifer deterioration are discussed. Further studies are recommended to determine if a link exists between greenhouse land use activities and surface or ground water quality. Little Campbell River nitrate concentrations were positively correlated to residential and greenhouse land use in the dry season. Anderson Creek nitrate concentrations were associated with crop land-use in the wet season. Surface waters exceeded recommended criteria for dissolved oxygen and temperature in both the Little Campbell River and Anderson Creek for the protection of aquatic life. Further studies were recommended to determine the cause of the low dissolved oxygen concentrations and potential remedial actions.
Does the QCD Scale vary in time?
Creators: name: Fritzsch, Harald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Last year I talked at this meeting about a possible time dependence of the QCD coupling constant $α_s$. This year I shall look into the problem once more, without fully repeating the arguments given last year. Astrophysical indications that the fine structure constant has undergone a small time variation during the cosmological evolution are discussed within the framework of the standard model of the electroweak and strong interactions and of grand unification. A variation of the electromagnetic coupling constant could either be generated by a corresponding time variation of the unified coupling constant or by a time variation of the unification scale, or by both. The various possibilities, differing substantially in their implications for the variation of low energy physics parameters like the nuclear mass scale, are discussed. The case in which the variation is caused by a time variation of the unification scale is of special interest. It is supported in addition by recent hints towards a time change of the proton-electron mass ratio.
description: 5 pages, QCD International Conference Montpellier 2-9 July 2003
Additional file 3 of Differential cellular proliferation underlies heterochronic generation of cranial diversity in phyllostomid bats
Creators: name: Camacho, Jasmin
name: Moon, Rachel
name: Smith, Samantha K.
name: Lin, Jacky D.
name: Randolph, Charles
name: Rasweiler, John J.
name: Behringer, Richard R.
name: Arhat Abzhanov
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Zoology

description: Additional file 3. Supplemental methods: (1)Sampling, (2) Maximizing experiments with few biological replicates, (3) Automatic cell quantification (4) PH3 as a mitotic marker, (5) Cellular development.
Navigating differential structures in complex networks
Creators: name: Portes, Leonardo L.
name: Small, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Structural changes in a network representation of a system (e.g.,different experimental conditions, time evolution), can provide insight on its organization, function and on how it responds to external perturbations. The deeper understanding of how gene networks cope with diseases and treatments is maybe the most incisive demonstration of the gains obtained through this differential network analysis point-of-view, which lead to an explosion of new numeric techniques in the last decade. However, {\it where} to focus ones attention, or how to navigate through the differential structures can be overwhelming even for few experimental conditions. In this paper, we propose a theory and a methodological implementation for the characterization of shared "structural roles" of nodes simultaneously within and between networks, whose outcome is a highly {\em interpretable} map. The main features and accuracy are investigated with numerical benchmarks generated by a stochastic block model. Results show that it can provide nuanced and interpretable information in scenarios with very different (i) community sizes and (ii) total number of communities, and (iii) even for a large number of 100 networks been compared (e.g., for 100 different experimental conditions). Then, we show evidence that the strength of the method is its "story-telling"-like characterization of the information encoded in a set of networks, which can be used to pinpoint unexpected differential structures, leading to further investigations and providing new insights. We provide an illustrative, exploratory analysis of four gene co-expression networks from two cell types $\times$ two treatments (interferon-$β$ stimulated or control). The method proposed here allowed us to elaborate and test a set of very specific hypotheses related to {\em unique} and {\em subtle} nuances of the structural differences between these networks.
Additional file 1 of Study of Medical Ultrasound for Rhizarthrosis (SUR): study protocol for a randomized controlled single-center pilot-trial
Creators: name: Bock, Markus
name: Eisenschenk, Andreas
name: Lorenzen, Heiko
name: Lautenbach, Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
Supporting the Future of Open Scholarship: A look at open infrastructure
Creators: name: Thaney, Kaitlin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: scholarly communication
open infrastructure
financial sustainability
open science

description: Slides from a 2020-09-23 presentation to the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) Conference on Open Access Scholarly Publishing by Kaitlin Thaney of Invest in Open Infrastructure.

description: Information about how our work is funded can be found on our website: https://investinopen.org/about/how-were-funded/
A New Milky Way Dwarf Galaxy in Ursa Major
Creators: name: Willman, Beth
name: Dalcanton, Julianne J.
name: Martinez-Delgado, David
name: West, Andrew A.
name: Blanton, Michael R.
name: Hogg, David W.
name: Barentine, J. C.
name: Brewington, Howard J.
name: Harvanek, Michael
name: Kleinman, S. J.
name: Krzesinski, Jurek
name: Long, Dan
name: Neilsen,, Eric H.
name: Nitta, Atsuko
name: Snedden, Stephanie A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter, we report the discovery of a new dwarf satellite to the Milky Way, located at ($α_{2000}, δ_{2000}$) $=$ (158.72,51.92) in the constellation of Ursa Major. This object was detected as an overdensity of red, resolved stars in Sloan Digital Sky Survey data. The color-magnitude diagram of the Ursa Major dwarf looks remarkably similar to that of Sextans, the lowest surface brightness Milky Way companion known, but with approximately an order of magnitude fewer stars. Deeper follow-up imaging confirms this object has an old and metal-poor stellar population and is $\sim$ 100 kpc away. We roughly estimate M$_V =$ -6.75 and $r_{1/2} =$ 250 pc for this dwarf. Its luminosity is several times fainter than the faintest known Milky Way dwarf. However, its physical size is typical for dSphs. Even though its absolute magnitude and size are presently quite uncertain, Ursa Major is likely the lowest luminosity and lowest surface brightness galaxy yet known.
description: Replaced with ApJL accepted version. Includes some additional details, corrected references, and minor changes to Figure 4
Additional file 2 of Differential cellular proliferation underlies heterochronic generation of cranial diversity in phyllostomid bats
Creators: name: Camacho, Jasmin
name: Moon, Rachel
name: Smith, Samantha K.
name: Lin, Jacky D.
name: Randolph, Charles
name: Rasweiler, John J.
name: Behringer, Richard R.
name: Arhat Abzhanov
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Zoology

description: Additional file 2: Additional Figs. (1) Heads matched to same stage in mouse & bat, (2) PH3 cell panel, (3) Delta change of cell size, (4) Base mean summary area CP PH3, (5) MN PH3 cell size mean, (6) Percent change number of cells (count), (7) K-mean cluster, (8) CS18 ASR distribution map, (9) Facial length ratio, (10) ASR Mean Proliferation, (11) Sampling sites, (12) Cell segmentation, (13) PH3 CP & MN cell size vs shape.
On a possible new approach for investigating the secular variations of the low-degree geopotential coefficients
Creators: name: Iorio, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we try to suggest a possible novel method to determine some selected even zonal harmonics J_l of the Earth's geopotential. Time series many years long of suitably linearly combined residuals of some Keplerian orbital elements of certain existing geodetic SLR satellites would be examined. A CHAMP/GRACE-only background reference model should be used for the part of the geopotential which we are not interested in. The retrieved values for the even zonal harmonics of interest would be, by construction, independent of each other and of any post-Newtonian features. The so obtained mini-model could, subsequently, be used in order to enhance the accuracy and the reliability of some tests of post-Newtonian gravity, with particular emphasis to the measurement of the Lense-Thirring effect by means of LAGEOS and LAGEOS II.
description: Latex2e, 17 pages, no figures, 3 tables. Typos corrected
Imaging and spectral study on the null point of a fan-spine structure during a solar flare
Creators: name: Yang, Shuhong
name: Zhang, Qingmin
name: Xu, Zhi
name: Zhang, Jun
name: Zhong, Ze
name: Guo, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the multi-instrument observations, we make the first simultaneous imaging and spectral study on the null point of a fan-spine magnetic topology during a solar flare. When magnetic reconnection occurs at the null point, the fan-spine configuration brightens in the (extreme-)ultraviolet channels. In the H$α$ images, the fan-spine structure is partly filled and outlined by the bi-directional material flows ejected from the reconnection site. The extrapolated coronal magnetic field confirms the existence of the fan-spine topology. Before and after the flare peak, the total velocity of the outflows is estimated to be about 60 km s$^{-1}$. During the flare, the Si IV line profile at the reconnection region is enhanced both in the blue-wing and red-wing. At the flare peak time, the total velocity of the outflows is found to be 144 km s$^{-1}$. Superposed on the Si IV profile, there are several deep absorption lines with the blueshift of several tens of km s$^{-1}$. The reason is inferred to be that the bright reconnection region observed in Si IV channel is located under the cooler material appearing as dark features in the H$α$ line. The blueshifted absorption lines indicate the movement of the cooler material toward the observer. The depth of the absorption lines also depends on the amount of cooler material. These results imply that this kind of spectral profiles can be used as a tool to diagnose the properties of cooler material above reconnection site.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Do Large-Scale Inhomogeneities Explain Away Dark Energy?
Creators: name: Geshnizjani, Ghazal
name: Chung, Daniel J. H.
name: Afshordi, Niayesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, new arguments (astro-ph/0501152, hep-th/0503117) for how corrections from super-Hubble modes can explain the present-day acceleration of the universe have appeared in the literature. However, in this letter, we argue that, to second order in spatial gradients, these corrections only amount to a renormalization of local spatial curvature, and thus cannot account for the negative deceleration. Moreover, cosmological observations already put severe bounds on such corrections, at the level of a few percent, while in the context of inflationary models, these corrections are typically limited to ~ 10^{-5}. Currently there is no general constraint on the possible correction from higher order gradient terms, but we argue that such corrections are even more constrained in the context of inflationary models.
description: 4 Pages, no figures. Minor modifications, added references
Measurement of hadronic event shapes in high-$p_{\textrm{T}}$ multijet final states at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: The ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement of event-shape variables in proton-proton collisions at large momentum transfer is presented using data collected at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Six event-shape variables calculated using hadronic jets are studied in inclusive multijet events using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$. Measurements are performed in bins of jet multiplicity and in different ranges of the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of the two leading jets, reaching scales beyond 2 TeV. These measurements are compared with predictions from Monte Carlo event generators containing leading-order or next-to-leading order matrix elements matched to parton showers simulated to leading-logarithm accuracy. At low jet multiplicities, shape discrepancies between the measurements and the Monte Carlo predictions are observed. At high jet multiplicities, the shapes are better described but discrepancies in the normalisation are observed.
description: 46 pages total, author list starting page 30, 10 figures, 1 table, published in JHEP, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2019-02/ This version includes modifications described in the erratum that can be found at https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2021)053
Addressing Attribute Bias with Adversarial Support-Matching
Creators: name: Kehrenberg, Thomas
name: Bartlett, Myles
name: Sharmanska, Viktoriia
name: Quadrianto, Novi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: AbstractWhen trained on diverse labelled data, machine learning models have proven themselves tobe a powerful tool in all facets of society. However, due to budget limitations, deliberate ornon-deliberate censorship, and other problems during data collection, certain groups maybe under-represented in the labelled training set. We investigate a scenario in which theabsence of certain data is linked to the second level of a two-level hierarchy in the data.Inspired by the idea of protected attributes from algorithmic fairness, we consider generalisedsecondary “attributes” which subdivide the classes into smaller partitions. We refer to thepartitions defined by the combination of an attribute and a class label, or leaf nodes inaforementioned hierarchy, as groups. To characterise the problem, we introduce the conceptof classes with incomplete attribute support. The representational bias in the training setcan give rise to spurious correlations between the classes and the attributes which causestandard classification models to generalise poorly to unseen groups. To overcome this bias,we make use of an additional, diverse but unlabelled dataset, called the deployment set,to learn a representation that is invariant to the attributes. This is done by adversariallymatching the support of the training and deployment sets in representation space using a setdiscriminator operating on sets, or bags, of samples. In order to learn the desired invariance,it is paramount that the bags are balanced by class; this is easily achieved for the trainingset, but requires using semi-supervised clustering for the deployment set. We demonstratethe effectiveness of our method on several datasets and realisations of the problem.
High pressure effects on the electrical resistivity behavior of the Kondo lattice, YbPd2Si2
Creators: name: Nakano, T.
name: Hedo, M.
name: Uwatoko, Y.
name: Sampathkumaran, E. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the influence of external pressure (P= up to 8 GPa) on the temperature dependence of electrical resistivity of a Yb-based Kondo lattice, YbPd2Si2, which does not undergo magnetic ordering under ambient pressure condition. There are qualitative changes in the temperature dependence of electrical resistivity due to the application of external pressure. While the resistivity is found to vary quadratically below 15 K (down to 45 mK) characteristic of Fermi-liquids, a drop is observed below 0.5 K for P= 1 GPa. Since the resistance values do not attain zero, we are attempted to attribute this drop to magnetic ordering, rather than to superconductivity. The temperature at which this fall occurs goes through a peak as a function of P (8 K for2 GPa and about 5 K at higher pressures). mimicking Doniach's magnetic phase diagram. We conclude that this is one of the few Yb-based stoichiometric materials, in which one can travers from valence fluctuation to magnetic ordering by the application of external pressure.
description: 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Differential cellular proliferation underlies heterochronic generation of cranial diversity in phyllostomid bats
Creators: name: Camacho, Jasmin
name: Moon, Rachel
name: Smith, Samantha K.
name: Lin, Jacky D.
name: Randolph, Charles
name: Rasweiler, John J.
name: Behringer, Richard R.
name: Arhat Abzhanov
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Zoology

description: Additional file 1: Additional Tables. (1) Specimens collected, (2) Facial Length ratio.
Evaluation of Ecological Carrying Capacity of Henan Province under the Sustainable Development
Creators: name: Jiang, Xiao-Ping
name: Jiang, Xiao-Ping
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Ecological carrying capacity
subject: Henan Province
subject: Ecological footprint analysis
subject: threshold
subject: China

description: Based on the overview of social economy of Henan Province, I probe into the concept and evaluation of ecological carrying capacity. By using the ecological footprint analysis and the data of various kinds of land supply of Henan Province from 2000 to 2008, the ecological carrying capacity of Henan Province is analyzed. It is unveiled that inharmonious population, natural resources and economic resources affects the efficiency of the sustainable development of ecological carrying capacity of Henan Province; the underdeveloped economy of Henan Province impacts the sustainable development of ecological carrying capacity of Henan Province and the overburdened population lead to the insufficiency of ecological carrying capacity. Around protecting the threshold of ecological system, the countermeasures are put forward, which cover forming the idea of ecological economy and circular economy and promoting the transformation of economy growth mode; taking the development road of using resources intensively and performing the strategy of sustainable utilization of resources; strictly control population growth and strengthening people’s crisis awareness of resources and environment.
Anatomy of cage formation in a 2D glass-forming liquid
Creators: name: Li, Bo
name: Lou, Kai
name: Kob, Walter
name: Granick, Steve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The solidity of glassy materials is believed to be due to the cage formed around each particle by its neighbors, but in reality the details of cage-formation remain elusive [1-4]. This cage starts to be formed at the onset temperature/density at which the normal liquid begins to show the first signs of glassy dynamics. To study cage-formation we use here focused lasers to produce a local perturbation of the structure on the particle level in 2D colloidal suspensions and monitor by means of video microscopy the system's non-linear dynamic response. All observables we probed show a response which is non-monotonic as a function of the packing fraction, peaking at the onset density. Video microscopic images reveal that this maximum response is due to the buildup of domains with cooperative dynamics that become increasingly rigid and start to dominate the particle dynamics. This proof-of-concept from microrheological deformation demonstrates that in this glass-forming liquid cage formation is directly related to the merging of these domains, thus elucidating the first step in glass-formation [1, 5].
description: 29 pages, 8 figures
Ab initio theory of Cr$_2$O$_3$ surface chemistry in solution
Creators: name: Petrosyan, S.
name: Rigos, A. A.
name: Arias, T. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a new form of density functional theory for the {\em ab initio} description of electronic systems in contact with a dielectric environment, we present the first detailed study of the impact of a solvent on the surface chemistry of Cr$_2$O$_3$, the passivating layer of stainless steel alloys. Compared to vacuum, we predict that the presence of water has little impact on the adsorption of chloride ions to the oxygen-terminated surface but a dramatic effect on the binding of hydrogen to that surface. These results indicate that the dielectric screening properties of water are important to the passivating effects of the oxygen-terminated surface.
Empirical Research on the Factors of Chinese City Growth in the Transitional Period
Creators: name: Li, Ying-Jie
name: Yang, Yong-Chun
name: Li, Ying-Jie
name: Yang, Yong-Chun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Transitional period
subject: City growth
subject: Chinese cities
subject: Factors
subject: China

description: Based on the definition of the concept of city growth, the paper mainly discussed the factors which impact the growth of Chinese cities in the transitional period by selecting the proportion of city construction land area to the area of the city X1（%）, green coverage ratio of the built up area X2（%）, the ratio of personnel involved in the secondary industryX3（%）, the GDP per capita X4（×104）and other 43 indicators, by relying on the relevant data from China Urban Statistical Yearbook（2008）, by applying SPSS statistical software and by applying the Factor Analysis and Regression Analysis. The results show that the factors which affect the city growth have four major groups, namely economic and institutional factors, location factors, environmental factors and social cultural services and functions. Among the factors which affect Chinese city growth, the general budgetary expenditures and the general budgetary revenues of local public finance are the most important factors. The general budgetary expenditures of local finance, the general budgetary revenues, the lands of urban construction and other 12 factors obtained by gradually excluding method can be used to present the coefficient of city growth.
Additional file 2 of A differential risk assessment and decision model for Transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma based on hepatic function
Creators: name: Nam, Joon Yeul
name: A Reum Choe
name: Sinn, Dong Hyun
name: Jeong-Hoon Lee
name: Kim, Hwi Young
name: Yu, Su Jong
name: Kim, Yoon Jun
name: Yoon, Jung-Hwan
name: Lee, Jeong Min
name: Chung, Jin Wook
name: Choi, Sun Young
name: Lee, Jeong Kyong
name: Baek, Seung Yon
name: Lee, Hye Ah
name: Kim, Tae Hun
name: Yoo, Kwon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2 Supplementary Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the SNUH and EUMC cohort Supplementary Table 2. Comparison of c-indices among models in internal validation cohort Supplementary material.
Transport in neutron star mergers
Creators: name: Harris, Steven P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After an introduction to the QCD phase diagram, the nuclear equations of state, and neutron star mergers, I discuss three projects related to transport and nuclear matter in neutron star mergers. The first is the nature of beta equilibrium in the portion of a merger that is transparent to neutrinos. We calculate the weak interaction (Urca) rates and find that the beta equilibrium condition needs to be modified by adding an additional chemical potential, which changes slightly the particle content in neutrino-transparent beta equilibrium. Secondly, we calculate the bulk viscosity in neutrino-transparent nuclear matter in conditions encountered in neutron star mergers. Bulk viscosity arises from a phase lag between the pressure and density in the nuclear matter, which is due to the finite rate of beta equilibration. When bulk viscosity is sufficiently strong, which happens when the equilibration rate nearly matches the frequency of the density oscillation, it can noticeably dampen the oscillation. We find that in certain thermodynamic conditions likely encountered in mergers, oscillations in nuclear matter can be damped on timescales on the order of 10 milliseconds, so we conclude that bulk viscosity should be included in merger simulations. Finally, we study thermal transport due to axions in neutron star mergers. We conclude that axions are never trapped in mergers, but instead escape, carrying energy away from the merger. We calculate the cooling time due to the energy carried away by axions and find that within current constraints on the axion-nucleon coupling, axions could cool fluid elements in mergers on timescales which could affect the dynamics of the merger.
description: Thesis, based on the works: arXiv:1705.09880, arXiv:1803.00662, arXiv:1907.03795, and arXiv:2003.09768
Analysis method for the design of reinforced concrete bridge barrier and cantilever deck under railing loads as specified in CAN/CSA-S6-00 (Canadian highway bridge design code)
Creators: name: Wong, Joe
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The objective of this thesis is to develop a rational and effective method for designing reinforced concrete bridge parapets and cantilevered decks so that such a method could be easily applied in practice against railing loads, as specified in the CAN/CSA-S6-00 Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code. The maximum moment dispersal angle (MMDA) is the most promising overall of the methods being considered for this task, including yield line analysis (YLA), finite element analysis (FEA) and the dispersal angle method. The MMDA provides a means of approximating maximum moments, which were evaluated using the linear elastic FEA at locations of interest on both the traffic barriers and the deck overhang using dispersal angles, which are provided in the form of tables. The MMDA is an improved version of the maximum moment envelope (MME) method, which had been initially developed based on concepts from the dispersal angle method as well as the FEA. The improved MMDA method takes advantage of the accuracy of FEA and the simplicity of the classic concept of load dispersion, while eliminating some of the issues of unconventionality found in the dispersal angle method. Hence, MMDA is an improvement on the dispersal angle method, as was suggested in the Commentary of S6-00. It minimizes possible inconsistencies between the code design methods and the FEA results. This thesis summarizes the design criteria, methods of analysis, and load applications for bridge traffic barriers and deck overhang design that has been suggested by various jurisdictions, including AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications 2004, Washington State DOT Bridge Design Manual LRFD, CAN/CSA-S6-88 Design of Highway Bridges and CAN/CSA-S6-00 Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code.
A Complex Chemical Potential: Signature of Decay in a Bose-Einstein Condensate
Creators: name: Cragg, George E.
name: Kerman, Arthur K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the zero-temperature statics of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in which a Feshbach resonance creates a coupling to a second condensate component of quasi-bound molecules. Using a variational procedure to find the equation of state, the appearance of this binding is manifest in a collapsing ground state, where only the molecular condensate is present up to some critical density. Further, an excited state is seen to reproduce the usual low-density atomic condensate behavior in this system, but the molecular component is found to produce an underlying decay, quantified by the imaginary part of the chemical potential. Most importantly, the unique decay rate dependencies on density ($\sim ρ^{3/2}$) and on scattering length ($\sim a^{5/2}$) can be measured in experimental tests of this theory.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
SWOT Analysis and Countermeasures of Beijing Rural Infrastructure
Creators: name: Duan, Yong-Liang
name: Duan, Yong-Liang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Rural infrastructure
subject: New village construction
subject: SWOT analysis
subject: Beijing municipal
subject: China

description: On the strength of the status quo of Beijing rural infrastructure, I probe into the SWOT analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of rural infrastructure in Beijing municipal. Among them, the strengths of rural infrastructure in Beijing municipal are analyzed from two aspects, namely, the strong financial support and great importance attached to by the government; the weaknesses are analyzed in terms of the serious shortage of funds invested and disparate investment in rural infrastructure; the opportunities faced by the rural infrastructure construction are analyzed in terms of support form the macro-control of the state and the threats are analyzed from the aspect of land preservation and environment protection. Thus in order to further promote the Beijing rural infrastructure construction and increase the investment in rural infrastructure construction, the following countermeasures are put forward. In the first place, the government should adjust the fiscal policies and increase the investment in rural infrastructure construction. In the second place, the laws should be perfected to provide constitutional guarantee for infrastructure construction. In the third place, healthy supervision system of rural infrastructure should be managed well and use well. In the fourth place, the government should attach importance to disparate demands and shift from the unified standard to classified standard. In the fifth place, the government should enforce the supervision on capital and operation so as to improve the service efficiency of capital.
Integration and characterization of micron-sized YIG structures with very low Gilbert damping on arbitrary substrates
Creators: name: Trempler, P.
name: Dreyer, R.
name: Geyer, P.
name: Hauser, C.
name: Woltersdorf, G.
name: Schmidt, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel process that allows the transfer of monocrystalline yttrium-iron-garnet microstructures onto virtually any kind of substrate. The process is based on a recently developed method that allows the fabrication of freestanding monocrystalline YIG bridges on gadolinium-gallium-garnet. Here the bridges' spans are detached from the substrate by a dry etching process and immersed in a watery solution. Using drop casting the immersed YIG platelets can be transferred onto the substrate of choice, where the structures finally can be reattached and thus be integrated into complex devices or experimental geometries. Using time resolved scanning Kerr microscopy and inductively measured ferromagnetic resonance we can demonstrate that the structures retain their excellent magnetic quality. At room temperature we find a ferromagnetic resonance linewidth of $μ_0ΔH_{HWHM}\approx 195\,μT$ and we were even able to inductively measure magnon spectra on a single micron-sized yttrium-iron-garnet platelet at a temperature of 5 K. The process is flexible in terms of substrate material and shape of the structure. In the future this approach will allow for new types of spin dynamics experiments up to now unthinkable.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
Changes of Villagers’ Welfare and Security in the Reconstruction of Urban Villages -— A Case of Guangzhou Province, China
Creators: name: Yu, Xue-Feng
name: Yu, Xue-Feng
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Villagers’ welfare
subject: Security
subject: Reconstruction of urban villages
subject: Security system
subject: China

description: In the paper, the connotations of welfare are briefly outlined from the broad and narrow aspects and the changes of villagers’ welfare of urban villages in city are analyzed. In economic welfare terms, at the same time of losing their lands, villagers have obtain certain amount of land compensation after the expropriation of lands. In non-economic welfare terms, the social status, lifestyle, environmental conditions and psychological state of the reallocated villagers have changed obviously. The status quo of the urban villages is outlined. Besides, the main problems in the urban villages of Guangzhou are probed into, which covering the ubiquitous illegal utilization of lands and illegal construction, poor public order, low public quality, imperfect public facilities and so on. The modes (Liede mode, Pazhou mode, Huadi mode and public self-financing mode) and characteristics of reconstructing the urban villages are concluded. The impact of the construction on villagers’ welfare is concluded as well as the security system for protecting villagers’ welfare in the reconstruction of urban villages. It is suggested that the government and the villages should share the expenditures on the education and training of villages and share the input on infrastructure. In addition, the government and the villages should take the responsibilities in terms of public security, culture and so on.
Cultivating New-type Farmers Based on the Theory of Human Resources Development
Creators: name: Zhang, Li
name: Zhang, Li
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Development of human resources
subject: New-type farmers
subject: Educational training
subject: Rural surplus labor force
subject: China

description: Under the direction of theory of human resources development, this thesis analyzes the impact of rural human resources development on cultivating new-type farmers. Firstly, it increases the input of rural basic education; secondly, it reinforces the vocational education and technology training; thirdly, it promotes the rural medical and public health services; fourthly, it quickens the rural labor transfer. The status quo of China’s rural human resources has been analyzed as follows: in terms of the quantity of rural human resources, the status quo is large and quick-developed base of rural human resources, high labor participatory rate, and constitution of low age; in terms of the quality of rural human resources, the status quo is the ubiquitous low quality of rural human resources, low technological level of rural human resources, and overall low physical quality of farmers; in terms of the structure of rural human resources, the status quo is the irrational industrial structure distribution and imbalanced regional structure distribution. The thesis also discusses the edification of theory of human resources development in cultivating new-type farmers. First, in terms of the control over quantity of rural human resources, it is to keep the stability of family planning policy, and expedite the transfer of rural surplus labor; second, in terms of promoting the quality of rural human resources, it is to bolster the development of reserve rural labor force resources, to construct the adult educational training system with Chinese characteristics, and to build rural primary health care system; third, in terms of adjusting the structure of rural human resources, it is to perfect rural human resources market, and adjust rural economical structure and talents structure.
Infrared radiation from an extrasolar planet
Creators: name: Deming, Drake
name: Seager, Sara
name: Richardson, L. Jeremy
name: Harrington, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A class of extrasolar giant planets - the so-called `hot Jupiters' - orbit within 0.05 AU of their primary stars. These planets should be hot and so emit detectable infrared radiation. The planet HD 209458b is an ideal candidate for the detection and characterization of this infrared light because it is eclipsed by the star. This planet has an anomalously large radius (1.35 times that of Jupiter), which may be the result of ongoing tidal dissipation, but this explanation requires a non-zero orbital eccentricity (~0.03), maintained by interaction with a hypothetical second planet. Here we report detection of infrared (24 micron) radiation from HD 209458b, by observing the decrement in flux during secondary eclipse, when the planet passes behind the star. The planet's 24 micron flux is 55 +/- 10 micro-Jy (1 sigma), with a brightness temperature of 1130 +/- 150 Kelvins, confirming the predicted heating by stellar irradiation. The secondary eclipse occurs at the midpoint between transits of the planet in front of the star (to within +/- 7 min, 1 sigma), which means that a dynamically significant orbital eccentricity is unlikely.
description: to appear in Nature April 7, posted to Nature online March 23 (11 pages, 3 figures)
Additional file 1 of Reevaluation of risk factors for time to subsequent events after first stroke occurrence using a new weighted all-cause effect measure
Creators: name: Ozga, Ann-Kathrin
name: Rauch, Bernhard
name: Palm, Frederick
name: Urbanek, Christian
name: Grau, Armin
name: Becher, Heiko
name: Rauch, Geraldine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1. The additional file [AdditionalFile.pdf] contains the description of the “Adjusted weighted all-cause hazard ratio” as well as general considerations for choosing the weights, an illustration of correlation between independent variables, and further results for the estimated weighted hazard ratio using the lower or mid interval time points for the event “stroke” and the weights 0.7 for “stroke” and 1 for “death”.