cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Density functional theory for dense nematics with steric interactions
Creators: name: Nascimento, Eduardo S.
name: Palffy-Muhoray, Peter
name: Taylor, Jamie M.
name: Virga, Epifanio G.
name: Zheng, Xiaoyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The celebrated work of Onsager on hard particle systems, based on the truncated second order virial expansion, is valid at relatively low volume fractions for large aspect ratio particles. While it predicts the isotropic-nematic phase transition, it fails to provide a realistic equation of state in that the pressure remains finite for arbitrarily high densities. In this work, we derive a mean field density functional form of the Helmholtz free energy for nematics with hard core repulsion. In addition to predicting the isotropic-nematic transition, the model provides a more realistic equation of state. The energy landscape is much richer, and the orientational probability distribution function in the nematic phase possesses a unique feature: it vanishes on a nonzero measure set in orientational space.
Generalized Kernel Regularized Least Squares
Creators: name: Chang, Qing
name: Goplerud, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Kernel Regularized Least Squares (KRLS) is a popular method for flexibly estimating models that may have complex relationships between variables. However, its usefulness to many researchers is limited for two reasons. First, existing approaches are inflexible and do not allow KRLS to be combined with theoretically-motivated extensions such as random effects, unregularized fixed effects, or non-Gaussian outcomes. Second, estimation is extremely computationally intensive for even modestly sized datasets. Our paper addresses both concerns by introducing generalized KRLS (gKRLS). We note that KRLS can be re-formulated as a hierarchical model thereby allowing easy inference and modular model construction where KRLS can be used alongside random effects, splines, and unregularized fixed effects. Computationally, we also implement random sketching to dramatically accelerate estimation while incurring a limited penalty in estimation quality. We demonstrate that gKRLS can be fit on datasets with tens of thousands of observations in under one minute. Further, state-of-the-art techniques that require fitting the model over a dozen times (e.g. meta-learners) can be estimated quickly.
description: Accepted version available at DOI below; corrected small typos
ENSO Shift Drives Multidecadal Decline in West Antarctic Sea Ice Predictability: supplemental data
Creators: name: Wang, Yunhe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 370803
subject: Physical oceanography

description: enso3stded103_sic_regression_lag0_12month.hdf: SIC anomalies are regressed onto the Niño3 index with lags from 0 to 12 months for periods P1 and P2, respectively.enso4stded103_sic_regression_lag0_12month.hdf: SIC anomalies are regressed onto the Niño4 index with lags from 0 to 12 months for periods P1 and P2, respectively.persistence_ACC_1980_2001.hdf: Antarctic SIC anomaly persistence during period P1 (1980–2001).persistence_ACC_2002_2023.hdf: Antarctic SIC anomaly persistence during period P2 (2002–2023).Seasonal_SIPN9_120_ACC_1981_2001.hdf: SIPNet model skill for 1981 to 2001.Seasonal_SIPN9_120_ACC_2002_2023.hdf: SIPNet model skill for 2002 to 2023.Seasonal_V91M6_ACC_1980_2001.hdf: Markov model skill for 1980 to 2001.Seasonal_V91M6_ACC_2002_2023.hdf: Markov model skill for 2002 to 2023.
Borsuk-Ulam property and Sectional Category
Creators: name: Zapata, Cesar A. Ipanaque
name: Gonçalves, Daciberg L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a Hausdorff space $X$, a free involution $τ:X\to X$ and a Hausdorff space $Y$, we discover a connection between the sectional category of the double covers $q:X\to X/τ$ and $q^Y:F(Y,2)\to D(Y,2)$ from the ordered configuration space $F(Y,2)$ to its unordered quotient $D(Y,2)=F(Y,2)/Σ_2$, and the Borsuk-Ulam property (BUP) for the triple $\left((X,τ);Y\right)$. Explicitly, we demonstrate that the triple $\left((X,τ);Y\right)$ satisfies the BUP if the sectional category of $q$ is bigger than the sectional category of $q^Y$. This property connects a standard problem in Borsuk-Ulam theory to current research trends in sectional category. As an application of our results, we show that the index of $(X,τ)$ coincides with the sectional category of the quotient map $q:X\to X/τ$ minus 1 for any paracompact space $X$. In addition, we present some new results relating Borsuk-Ulam theory and sectional category.
description: 19 pages. We present a proof that the index of $(X,\tau)$ always coincides with the sectional category of the quotient map $q:X\to X/\tau$ minus 1 for any paracompact space $X$ (Theorem 3.39)
Competitive exclusion in a model with seasonality: three species cannot coexist in an ecosystem with two seasons
Creators: name: Tung, Hwai-Ray
name: Durrett, Rick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Chan, Durrett, and Lanchier introduced a multitype contact process with temporal heterogeneity involving two species competing for space on the d-dimensional integer lattice. Time is divided into two seasons. They proved that there is an open set of the parameters for which both species can coexist when their dispersal range is sufficiently large. Numerical simulations suggested that three species can coexist in the presence of two seasons. The main point of this paper is to prove that this conjecture is incorrect. To do this we prove results for a more general ODE model and contrast its behavior with other related systems that have been studied in order to understand the competitive exclusion principle.
Maxwell-Bloch equations without spectral broadening: the long-time asymptotics of an input pulse in a long two-level laser amplifier
Creators: name: Kotlyarov, Volodymyr
name: Minakov, Oleksandr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B40, 35Q15, 35Q51, 35Q60, 35M13, 30E20, 37K10, 37K40, 45E05

description: We study the problem of propagation of an input electromagnetic pulse through a long two-level laser amplifier under trivial initial conditions. In this paper, we consider an unstable model described by the Maxwell-Bloch equations without spectral broadening. Previously, this model was studied by S.V. Manakov in 1982 and together with V.Yu. Novokshenov in 1986. We consider this model in a more natural formulation as an initial-boundary (mixed) problem using a modern version of the inverse scattering transform method in the form of a suitable Riemann-Hilbert (RH) problem. The RH problem arises as a result of applying the Fokas-Its method of simultaneous analysis of the corresponding spectral problems for the Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur (AKNS) equations. This approach makes it possible to obtain rigorous asymptotic results at large times, which differ significantly from the previous ones. Differences take place both near the light cone and in the tail region, where a new type of solitons is found against an oscillating background. These solitons are physically relevant, their velocities are smaller than the speed of light. The number of such solitons can be either finite or infinite (in the latter case, the set of zeros has a condensation point at infinity). Such solitons can not be reflectionless, they are generated by zeros of the reflection coefficient of the input pulse (and not by poles of the transmission coefficient). Thus our approach shows the presence of a new phenomenon in soliton theory, namely, the boundary condition (input pulse) of a mixed problem under trivial initial conditions can generate solitons due to the zeros of the reflection coefficient, while the poles of the transmission coefficient do not contribute to the asymptotics of the solution.
description: 66 pages, 6 figures
Morphology of travel routes and the organization of cities
Creators: name: Lee, Minjin
name: Barbosa, Hugo
name: Youn, Hyejin
name: Holme, Petter
name: Ghoshal, Gourab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The city is a complex system that evolves through its inherent social and economic interactions. Mediating the movements of people and resources, urban street networks offer a spatial footprint of these activities; consequently their structural characteristics have been of great interest in the literature. In comparison, relatively limited attention has been devoted to the interplay between street structure and its functional usage, i.e., the movement patterns of people and resources. To address this, we study the shape of 472,040 spatiotemporally optimized travel routes in the 92 most populated cities in the world. The routes are sampled in a geographically unbiased way such that their properties can be mapped on to each city, with their summary statistics capturing mesoscale connectivity patterns representing the complete space of possible movement in cities. The collective morphology of routes exhibits a directional bias that could be described as influenced by the attractive (or repulsive) forces resulting from congestion, accessibility and travel demand that relate to various socioeconomic factors. To capture this feature, we propose a simple metric, inness, that maps this force field. An analysis of the morphological patterns of individual cities reveals structural and socioeconomic commonalities among cities with similar inness patterns, in particular that they cluster into groups that are correlated with their size and putative stage of urban development as measured by a series of socioeconomic and infrastructural indicators. Our results lend weight to the insight that levels of urban socioeconomic development are intrinsically tied to increasing physical connectivity and diversity of road hierarchies.
description: Manuscript + SI - 45 pages, 19 figures
Functional building blocks for scalable multipartite entanglement in optical lattices
Creators: name: Zhang, Wei-Yong
name: He, Ming-Gen
name: Sun, Hui
name: Zheng, Yong-Guang
name: Liu, Ying
name: Luo, An
name: Wang, Han-Yi
name: Zhu, Zi-Hang
name: Qiu, Pei-Yue
name: Shen, Ying-Chao
name: Wang, Xuan-Kai
name: Lin, Wan
name: Yu, Song-Tao
name: Li, Bin-Chen
name: Xiao, Bo
name: Li, Meng-Da
name: Yang, Yu-Meng
name: Jiang, Xiao
name: Dai, Han-Ning
name: Zhou, You
name: Ma, Xiongfeng
name: Yuan, Zhen-Sheng
name: Pan, Jian-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Featuring excellent coherence and operated parallelly, ultracold atoms in optical lattices form a competitive candidate for quantum computation. For this, a massive number of parallel entangled atom pairs have been realized in superlattices. However, the more formidable challenge is to scale-up and detect multipartite entanglement due to the lack of manipulations over local atomic spins in retro-reflected bichromatic superlattices. Here we developed a new architecture based on a cross-angle spin-dependent superlattice for implementing layers of quantum gates over moderately-separated atoms incorporated with a quantum gas microscope for single-atom manipulation. We created and verified functional building blocks for scalable multipartite entanglement by connecting Bell pairs to one-dimensional 10-atom chains and two-dimensional plaquettes of $2\times4$ atoms. This offers a new platform towards scalable quantum computation and simulation.
Construction of optimal resources for concatenated quantum protocols
Creators: name: Pirker, Alexander
name: Wallnöfer, Julius
name: Briegel, Hans J.
name: Dür, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the explicit construction of resource states for measurement-based quantum information processing. We concentrate on special-purpose resource states that are capable to perform a certain operation or task, where we consider unitary Clifford circuits as well as non-trace preserving completely positive maps, more specifically probabilistic operations including Clifford operations and Pauli measurements. We concentrate on $1 \to m$ and $m \to 1$ operations, i.e. operations that map one input qubit to $m$ output qubits or vice versa. Examples of such operations include encoding and decoding in quantum error correction, entanglement purification or entanglement swapping. We provide a general framework to construct optimal resource states for complex tasks that are combinations of these elementary building blocks. All resource states only contain input and output qubits, and are hence of minimal size. We obtain a stabilizer description of the resulting resource states, which we also translate into a circuit pattern to experimentally generate these states. In particular, we derive recurrence relations at the level of stabilizers as key analytical tool to generate explicit (graph-) descriptions of families of resource states. This allows us to explicitly construct resource states for encoding, decoding and syndrome readout for concatenated quantum error correction codes, code switchers, multiple rounds of entanglement purification, quantum repeaters and combinations thereof (such as resource states for entanglement purification of encoded states).
description: 16+6 pages, 15+3 figures; V2: replaced with published version, improved presentation
Supercell low-level mesocyclones: Origins of inflow and vorticity
Creators: name: Coffer, Brice
name: Parker, Matthew
name: Peters, John
name: Wade, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of low-level mesocyclones in supercell thunderstorms has often been explained via the development of storm-generated streamwise vorticity along a baroclinic gradient in the forward flank of supercells. However, the ambient streamwise vorticity of the environment (often quantified via storm-relative helicity), especially near the ground, is particularly skillful at discriminating between nontornadic and tornadic supercells. This study investigates whether the origins of the inflow air into supercell low-level mesocyclones, both horizontally and vertically, can help explain the dynamical role of environmental versus storm-generated vorticity in the development of low-level mesocyclone rotation. Simulations of supercells, initialized with wind profiles common to supercell environments observed in nature, show that the air bound for the low-level mesocyclone primarily originates from the undisturbed, ambient environment, rather than from along the forward flank, and from very close to the ground, often in the lowest 200 - 400 m of the atmosphere. Given that the near-ground environmental air comprises the bulk of the inflow into low-level mesocyclones, this likely explains the forecast skill of environmental streamwise vorticity in the lowest few hundred meters of the atmosphere. The low-level mesocyclone does not appear to require much augmentation from the development of additional horizontal vorticity in the forward flank. Instead, the dominant contributor to vertical vorticity within the low-level mesocyclone is from the environmental horizontal vorticity. This study hopefully clarifies the development of low-level mesocyclones in supercells.
Noncommutative frames
Creators: name: Cvetko-Vah, Karin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We explore algebraic properties of noncommutative frames. The concept of noncommutative frames is due to Le Bruyn, who introduced it in connection with noncommutative covers of the Connes-Consani arithmetic site.
description: 12 pages
Speeding up entanglement generation by proximity to higher-order exceptional points
Creators: name: Li, Zeng-Zhao
name: Chen, Weijian
name: Abbasi, Maryam
name: Murch, Kater W.
name: Whaley, K. Birgitta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement is a key resource for quantum information technologies ranging from quantum sensing to quantum computing. Conventionally, the entanglement between two coupled qubits is established at the time scale of the inverse of the coupling strength. In this work, we study two weakly coupled non-Hermitian qubits and observe entanglement generation at a significantly shorter time scale by proximity to a higher-order exceptional point. We establish a non-Hermitian perturbation theory based on constructing a biorthogonal complete basis and further identify the optimal condition to obtain the maximally entangled state. Our study of speeding up entanglement generation in non-Hermitian quantum systems opens new avenues for harnessing coherent nonunitary dissipation for quantum technologies.
description: 6+18 pages, 4+12 figures. Zeng-Zhao Li and Weijian Chen contributed equally to this work
Inequivalent Leggett-Garg inequalities
Creators: name: Kumari, Swati
name: Pan, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It remains an open question how realist view of macroscopic world emerges from quantum formalism. For testing the macrorealism in quantum domain, an interesting approach was put forward by Leggett and Garg in $1985$, by formulating a suitable inequality valid for any macrorealistic theory. Recently, by following the Wigner idea of local realist inequality, a probabilistic version of standard Leggett-Garg inequalities have also been proposed. While the Wigner form of local realist inequalities are equivalent to the two-party, two-measurements and two outcomes CHSH inequalities, in this paper we provide a generic proof to demonstrate that the Wigner form of Leggett-Garg inequalities are not only inequivalent to the standard ones but also stronger than the later. This is demonstrated by quantifying the amount of disturbance caused by a prior measurement to the subsequent measurements. In this connection, the relation between LGIs and another formulation of macrorealism known as no-signaling in time is examined.
description: Close to the published version. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1705.09934
Proton reconstruction with the CMS-TOTEM Precision Proton Spectrometer
Creators: name: CMS
name: Collaborations, TOTEM
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Precision Proton Spectrometer (PPS) of the CMS and TOTEM experiments collected 107.7 fb$^{-1}$ in proton-proton (pp) collisions at the LHC at 13 TeV (Run 2). This paper describes the key features of the PPS alignment and optics calibrations, the proton reconstruction procedure, as well as the detector efficiency and the performance of the PPS simulation. The reconstruction and simulation are validated using a sample of (semi)exclusive dilepton events. The performance of PPS has proven the feasibility of continuously operating a near-beam proton spectrometer at a high luminosity hadron collider.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/PRO-21-001 (CMS Public Pages)
Combination of D0 measurements of the top quark mass
Creators: name: D0 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a combination of measurements of the top quark mass by the D0 experiment in the lepton+jets and dilepton channels. We use all the data collected in Run I (1992--1996) at $\sqrt s=1.8$ TeV and Run II (2001--2011) at $\sqrt s=1.96$ TeV of the Tevatron $p \bar{p}$ collider, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 0.1 fb$^{-1}$ and 9.7 fb$^{-1}$, respectively. The combined result is: $m_t = 174.95 \pm0.40\,{\rm(stat)} \pm 0.64\,{\rm(syst)}\,{\rm{GeV}}=174.95 \pm 0.75 \, {\rm{GeV}}$.
description: 12 pages, 2 figure, published in Phys. Rev. D
Canonical Representations for Circular-Arc Graphs Using Flip Sets
Creators: name: Chandoo, Maurice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.2.2

description: We show that computing canonical representations for circular-arc (CA) graphs reduces to computing certain subsets of vertices called flip sets. For a broad class of CA graphs, which we call uniform, it suffices to compute a CA representation to find such flip sets. As a consequence canonical representations for uniform CA graphs can be obtained in polynomial-time. We then investigate what kind of CA graphs pose a challenge to this approach. This leads us to introduce the notion of restricted CA matrices and show that the canonical representation problem for CA graphs is logspace-reducible to that of restricted CA matrices. As a byproduct, we obtain the result that CA graphs without induced 4-cycles can be canonized in logspace.
description: 24 pages
Connecting Solar and Stellar Flares/CMEs: Expanding Heliophysics to Encompass Exoplanetary Space Weather
Creators: name: Lynch, B. J.
name: Wood, B. E.
name: Jin, M.
name: Török, T.
name: Sun, X.
name: Palmerio, E.
name: Osten, R. A.
name: Vidotto, A. A.
name: Cohen, O.
name: Alvarado-Gómez, J. D.
name: Drake, J. J.
name: Airapetian, V. S.
name: Notsu, Y.
name: Veronig, A.
name: Namekata, K.
name: Winslow, R. M.
name: Jian, L. K.
name: Vourlidas, A.
name: Lugaz, N.
name: Al-Haddad, N.
name: Manchester, W. B.
name: Scolini, C.
name: Farrugia, C. J.
name: Davies, E. E.
name: Nieves-Chinchilla, T.
name: Carcaboso, F.
name: Lee, C. O.
name: Salman, T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this white paper is to briefly summarize some of the outstanding gaps in the observations and modeling of stellar flares, CMEs, and exoplanetary space weather, and to discuss how the theoretical and computational tools and methods that have been developed in heliophysics can play a critical role in meeting these challenges. The maturity of data-inspired and data-constrained modeling of the Sun-to-Earth space weather chain provides a natural starting point for the development of new, multidisciplinary research and applications to other stars and their exoplanetary systems. Here we present recommendations for future solar CME research to further advance stellar flare and CME studies. These recommendations will require institutional and funding agency support for both fundamental research (e.g. theoretical considerations and idealized eruptive flare/CME numerical modeling) and applied research (e.g. data inspired/constrained modeling and estimating exoplanetary space weather impacts). In short, we recommend continued and expanded support for: (1.) Theoretical and numerical studies of CME initiation and low coronal evolution, including confinement of "failed" eruptions; (2.) Systematic analyses of Sun-as-a-star observations to develop and improve stellar CME detection techniques and alternatives; (3.) Improvements in data-inspired and data-constrained MHD modeling of solar CMEs and their application to stellar systems; and (4.) Encouraging comprehensive solar--stellar research collaborations and conferences through new interdisciplinary and multi-agency/division funding mechanisms.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, white paper submitted to the Heliophysics 2024--2033 Decadal Survey
Heavy-Heavy-Light-Light correlators in Liouville theory
Creators: name: Balasubramanian, Vijay
name: Bernamonti, Alice
name: Craps, Ben
name: De Jonckheere, Tim
name: Galli, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute four-point functions of two heavy and two "perturbatively heavy" operators in the semiclassical limit of Liouville theory on the sphere. We obtain these "Heavy-Heavy-Light-Light" (HHLL) correlators to leading order in the conformal weights of the light insertions in two ways: (a) via a path integral approach, combining different methods to evaluate correlation functions from complex solutions for the Liouville field, and (b) via the conformal block expansion. This latter approach identifies an integral over the continuum of normalizable states and a sum over an infinite tower of lighter discrete states, whose contribution we extract by analytically continuing standard results to our HHLL setting. The sum over this tower reproduces the sum over those complex saddlepoints of the path integral that contribute to the correlator. Our path integral computations reveal that when the two light operators are inserted at equal time in radial quantization, the leading-order HHLL correlator is independent of their separation, and more generally that at this order there is no short-distance singularity as the two light operators approach each other. The conformal block expansion likewise shows that in the discrete sum short-distance singularities are indeed absent for all intermediate states that contribute. In particular, the Virasoro vacuum block, which would have been singular at short distances, is not exchanged. The separation-independence of equal-time correlators is due to cancelations between the discrete contributions. These features lead to a Lorentzian singularity that, in conformal theories with anti-de Sitter (AdS) duals, would be associated to locality below the AdS scale.
description: 40 pages, 1 figure; v2: clarifications added, minor typos corrected, published version
Multifield Positivity Bounds for Inflation
Creators: name: Freytsis, Marat
name: Kumar, Soubhik
name: Remmen, Grant N.
name: Rodd, Nicholas L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Positivity bounds represent nontrivial limitations on effective field theories (EFTs) if those EFTs are to be completed into a Lorentz-invariant, causal, local, and unitary framework. While such positivity bounds have been applied in a wide array of physical contexts to obtain useful constraints, their application to inflationary EFTs is subtle since Lorentz invariance is spontaneously broken during cosmic inflation. One path forward is to employ a $\textit{Breit parameterization}$ to ensure a crossing-symmetric and analytic S-matrix in theories with broken boosts. We extend this approach to a theory with multiple fields, and uncover a fundamental obstruction that arises unless all fields obey a dispersion relation that is approximately lightlike. We then apply the formalism to various classes of inflationary EFTs, with and without isocurvature perturbations, and employ this parameterization to derive new positivity bounds on such EFTs. For multifield inflation, we also consider bounds originating from the generalized optical theorem and demonstrate how these can give rise to stronger constraints on EFTs compared to constraints from traditional elastic positivity bounds alone. We compute various shapes of non-Gaussianity (NG), involving both adiabatic and isocurvature perturbations, and show how the observational parameter space controlling the strength of NG can be constrained by our bounds.
description: 49 pages, 4 figures; v2: clarifications added, journal version
Surrogate-based artifact removal from single-channel EEG
Creators: name: Chavez, Mario
name: Grosselin, Fanny
name: Bussalb, Aurore
name: Fallani, Fabrizio De Vico
name: Navarro-Sune, Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent emergence and success of electroencephalography (EEG) in low-cost portable devices, has opened the door to a new generation of applications processing a small number of EEG channels for health monitoring and brain-computer interfacing. These recordings are, however, contaminated by many sources of noise degrading the signals of interest, thus compromising the interpretation of the underlying brain state. In this work, we propose a new data-driven algorithm to effectively remove ocular and muscular artifacts from single-channel EEG: the surrogate-based artifact removal (SuBAR). Methods: By means of the time-frequency analysis of surrogate data, our approach is able to identify and filter automatically ocular and muscular artifacts embedded in single-channel EEG. Results: In a comparative study using artificially contami- nated EEG signals, the efficacy of the algorithm in terms of noise removal and signal distortion was superior to other traditionally-employed single-channel EEG denoising techniques: wavelet thresholding and the canonical correlation analysis combined with an advanced version of the empirical mode decomposition. Even in the presence of mild and severe artifacts, our artifact removal method provides a relative error 4 to 5 times lower than traditional techniques. Significance: In view of these results, the SuBAR method is a promising solution for mobile environments, such as ambulatory healthcare systems, sleep stage scoring or anesthesia monitoring, where very few EEG channels or even a single channel is available.
Probing the host galaxies of first quasars at z~7.5 with JWST data
Creators: name: Liu, Weizhe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Galaxy Surveys at High Redshift

description: The existence of luminous quasars powered by billion-solar-mass black holes in the Epoch of Reionization challenges our understanding of the formation of supermassive black holes and their coevolution with massive galaxies. While current observations have revealed a large amount of dust and molecular gas content, and intense star formation in the host galaxies of these quasars, a key missing piece for the puzzle is the stellar emission in the rest-frame UV/optical. In this talk, I will present the preliminary results from our study of the host galaxies of the highest redshift quasars at z~7.5 adopting JWST NIRSPEC/IFU data. While we are still actively analyzing the data, there is tentative evidence that the stellar emission / host nebular emission lines are likely fainter than one would expect. Our data will put new constraints on the stellar emission and ISM nebular emission from the host galaxies of these earliest quasars in the universe. Our study will also inform future JWST studies on the host galaxies of such early quasars discovered by Roman surveys.
On K3 fibred Calabi-Yau threefolds in weighted scrolls
Creators: name: Mboya, Geoffrey
name: Szendroi, Balazs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J32

description: The aim of this paper is to classify mildly singular Calabi-Yau threefolds fibred in low-degree weighted K3 surfaces and embedded as anticanonical hypersurfaces in weighted scrolls, extending results of Mullet. We also study projective degenerations, revisiting an example due to Gross and Ruan. Finally we briefly discuss the general question of embedding a projective fibration into a weighted scroll.
description: 13 pages, some references added
Unstable marginally outer trapped surfaces in static spherically symmetric spacetimes
Creators: name: Booth, Ivan
name: Kunduri, Hari K.
name: O'Grady, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine potential deformations of inner black hole and cosmological horizons in Reissner-Nordström de-Sitter spacetimes. While the rigidity of the outer black hole horizon is guaranteed by theorem, that theorem applies to neither the inner black hole nor past cosmological horizon. Further for pure deSitter spacetime it is clear that the cosmological horizon can be deformed (by translation). For specific parameter choices, it is shown that both inner black hole and cosmological horizons can be infinitesimally deformed. However these do not extend to finite deformations. The corresponding results for general spherically symmetric spacetimes are considered.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures; V2: title changed to match published version
A Study of Scalarisation Techniques for Multi-Objective QUBO Solving
Creators: name: Ayodele, Mayowa
name: Allmendinger, Richard
name: López-Ibáñez, Manuel
name: Parizy, Matthieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.2.1; I.2.8
subject: 90C29, 90C20, 90C27

description: In recent years, there has been significant research interest in solving Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimisation (QUBO) problems. Physics-inspired optimisation algorithms have been proposed for deriving optimal or sub-optimal solutions to QUBOs. These methods are particularly attractive within the context of using specialised hardware, such as quantum computers, application specific CMOS and other high performance computing resources for solving optimisation problems. These solvers are then applied to QUBO formulations of combinatorial optimisation problems. Quantum and quantum-inspired optimisation algorithms have shown promising performance when applied to academic benchmarks as well as real-world problems. However, QUBO solvers are single objective solvers. To make them more efficient at solving problems with multiple objectives, a decision on how to convert such multi-objective problems to single-objective problems need to be made. In this study, we compare methods of deriving scalarisation weights when combining two objectives of the cardinality constrained mean-variance portfolio optimisation problem into one. We show significant performance improvement (measured in terms of hypervolume) when using a method that iteratively fills the largest space in the Pareto front compared to a näive approach using uniformly generated weights.
Braiding Statistics and Link Invariants of Bosonic/Fermionic Topological Quantum Matter in 2+1 and 3+1 dimensions
Creators: name: Putrov, Pavel
name: Wang, Juven
name: Yau, Shing-Tung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Topological Quantum Field Theories (TQFTs) pertinent to some emergent low energy phenomena of condensed matter lattice models in 2+1 and 3+1D are explored. Many of our field theories are highly-interacting without free quadratic analogs. Some of our bosonic TQFTs can be regarded as the continuum field theory formulation of Dijkgraaf-Witten twisted discrete gauge theories. Other bosonic TQFTs beyond the Dijkgraaf-Witten description and all fermionic spin TQFTs are either higher-form gauge theories where particles must have strings attached, or fermionic discrete gauge theories obtained by gauging the fermionic Symmetry-Protected Topological states (SPTs). We calculate both Abelian and non-Abelian braiding statistics data of anyon particle and string excitations, where the statistics data can one-to-one characterize the underlying topological orders of TQFTs. We derive path integral expectation values of links formed by line and surface operators in the TQFTs. The acquired link invariants include not only the Aharonov-Bohm linking number, but also Milnor triple linking number in 2+1D, triple and quadruple linking numbers of surfaces, and intersection number of surfaces in 3+1D. We also construct new spin TQFTs with the corresponding knot/link invariants of Arf(-Brown-Kervaire), Sato-Levine and others. We propose a new relation between the fermionic SPT partition function and Rokhlin invariant. We can use these invariants and other observables, including ground state degeneracy, reduced modular $\mathcal{S}^{xy}$ and $\mathcal{T}^{xy}$ matrices, and the partition function on $\mathbb{RP}^3$ manifold, to identify all $\mathbb{Z}_8$ classes of 2+1D gauged $\mathbb{Z}_2$-Ising-symmetric $\mathbb{Z}_2^f$-fermionic Topological Superconductors (TSC, realized by stacking layers of a pair of $p+ip$ and $p-ip$ SC, where boundary supports non-chiral Majorana-Weyl modes) with continuum spin-TQFTs.
description: 41 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables. On 2+1D and 3+1D TQFTs / spin TQFTs. v4 journal: Remarks and Refs added
Pair production processes and flavor in gauge-invariant perturbation theory
Creators: name: Egger, Larissa
name: Maas, Axel
name: Sondenheimer, René
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gauge-invariant perturbation theory is an extension of ordinary perturbation theory which describes strictly gauge-invariant states in theories with a Brout-Englert-Higgs effect. Such gauge-invariant states are composite operators which have necessarily only global quantum numbers. As a consequence, flavor is exchanged for custodial quantum numbers in the standard model, recreating the fermion spectrum in the process. Here, we study the implications of such a description, possibly also for the generation structure of the standard model. In particular, this implies that scattering processes are essentially bound-state-bound-state interactions, and require a suitable description. We analyze the implications for the pair-production process $e^+e^-\to{\bar f}f$ at a linear collider to leading order. We show how ordinary perturbation theory is recovered as the leading contribution. Developing a suitable PDF-type language, we also assess the impact of sub-leading contributions. We find that only for very heavy fermions in the final state, especially top quarks, sizable corrections could emerge. This gives an interesting, possibly experimentally testable, scenario for the formal field theory underlying the electroweak sector of the standard model.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, revised version: We corrected a calculation in Sec.3 and reworked/improved the presentation
A geometrical assessment of spinorial energy conditions
Creators: name: Fabbri, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of energy for spinor fields coupled to their surrounding curved-twisted space-time, and we show that when treated geometrically we cannot even be certain that there is a problem for the energy in the first place.
description: 4 pages
G-crossed Modularity of Symmetry-Enriched Topological Phases
Creators: name: Babakhani, Arman
name: Bonderson, Parsa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The universal properties of (2 + 1)D topological phases of matter enriched by a symmetry group G are described by G-crossed extensions of unitary modular tensor categories (UMTCs). While the fusion and braiding properties of quasiparticles associated with the topological order are described by a UMTC, the G-crossed extensions further capture the properties of the symmetry action, fractionalization, and defects arising from the interplay of the symmetry with the topological order. We describe the relation between the G-crossed UMTC and the topological state spaces on general surfaces that may include symmetry defect branch lines and boundaries that carry topological charge. We define operators in terms of the G-crossed UMTC data that represent the mapping class transformations for such states on a torus with one boundary, and show that these operators provide projective representations of the mapping class groups. This allows us to represent the mapping class group on general surfaces and ensures a consistent description of the corresponding symmetry-enriched topological phases on general surfaces. Our analysis also enables us to prove that a faithful G-crossed extension of a UMTC is necessarily G-crossed modular.
Beyond Ultra-diffuse Galaxies. I. Mass--Size Outliers among the Satellites of Milky Way Analogs
Creators: name: Li, Jiaxuan
name: Greene, Jenny E.
name: Greco, Johnny P.
name: Huang, Song
name: Melchior, Peter
name: Beaton, Rachael
name: Casey, Kirsten
name: Danieli, Shany
name: Goulding, Andy
name: Joseph, Remy
name: Kado-Fong, Erin
name: Kim, Ji Hoon
name: MacArthur, Lauren A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large diffuse galaxies are hard to find, but understanding the environments where they live, their numbers, and ultimately their origins, is of intense interest and importance for galaxy formation and evolution. Using Subaru's Hyper Suprime-Cam Strategic Survey Program, we perform a systematic search for low surface brightness galaxies and present novel and effective methods for detecting and modeling them. As a case study, we surveyed 922 Milky Way analogs in the nearby Universe ($0.01 < z < 0.04$) and build a large sample of satellite galaxies that are outliers in the mass-size relation. These ``ultra-puffy'' galaxies (UPGs), defined to be $1.5σ$ above the average mass-size relation, represent the tail of the satellite size distribution. We find that each MW analog hosts $N_{\rm UPG} = 0.31\pm 0.05$ ultra-puffy galaxies on average, which is consistent with but slightly lower than the observed abundance at this halo mass in the Local Volume. We also construct a sample of ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in MW analogs and find an abundance of $N_{\rm UDG} = 0.44\pm0.05$ per host. With literature results, we confirm that the UDG abundance scales with the host halo mass following a sublinear power law. We argue that our definition for ultra-puffy galaxies, which is based on the mass-size relation, is more physically-motivated than the common definition of ultra-diffuse galaxies, which depends on surface brightness and size cuts and thus yields different surface mass density cuts for quenched and star-forming galaxies.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, ApJ accepted. Also see the companion paper arXiv:2302.14108
Anomalously long lifetimes in two-dimensional Fermi liquids
Creators: name: Hofmann, Johannes
name: Gran, Ulf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A precise characterization of the recently discovered crossover to hydrodynamic transport in electron liquids, and in particular of a conjectured exotic odd-parity transport regime, requires a full solution of the Fermi-liquid collision integral at all temperatures beyond state-of-the-art analytic leading-logarithmic approximations. We develop a general basis expansion of the linearized collision integral applicable at all temperatures, and employ this to determine the decay rates of Fermi surface perturbations in two-dimensional electron liquids. In particular, we provide exhaustive data on the decay rates for a new odd-parity regime, in which parity-even Fermi surface deformations decay rapidly but odd-parity modes are anomalously long lived. We find that this transport regime exists at fairly large temperatures $T \lesssim 0.1 T_F$, putting this regime within the reach of current experiments.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Modules over axial algebras
Creators: name: De Medts, Tom
name: Van Couwenberghe, Michiel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17A99, 20B25, 20F29, 20C05

description: We introduce axial representations and modules over axial algebras as new tools to study axial algebras. All known interesting examples of axial algebras fall into this setting, in particular the Griess algebra whose automorphism group is the Monster group. Our results become especially interesting for Matsuo algebras. We vitalize the connection between Matsuo algebras and 3-transposition groups by relating modules over Matsuo algebras with representations of 3-transposition groups. As a by-product, we define, given a Fischer space, a group that can fulfill the role of a universal 3-transposition group.
Zero-Density Theorems for Families of Dirichlet $L$-functions
Creators: name: Corrigan, C. C.
name: Zhao, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we prove some zero density theorems for certain families of Dirichlet $L$-functions. More specifically, the subjects of our interest are the collections of Dirichlet $L$-functions associated with characters to moduli from certain sparse sets and of certain fixed orders.
Simulation study of energy resolution, position resolution and $π^0$-$γ$ separation of a sampling electromagnetic calorimeter at high energies
Creators: name: Roy, Ashim
name: Jain, Shilpi
name: Banerjee, Sunanda
name: Bhattacharya, Satyaki
name: Majumder, Gobinda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simulation study of energy resolution, position resolution, and $π^0$-$γ$ separation using multivariate methods of a sampling calorimeter is presented. As a realistic example, the geometry of the calorimeter is taken from the design geometry of the Shashlik calorimeter which was considered as a candidate for CMS endcap for the phase II of LHC running. The methods proposed in this paper can be easily adapted to various geometrical layouts of a sampling calorimeter. Energy resolution is studied for different layouts and different absorber-scintillator combinations of the Shashlik detector. It is shown that a boosted decision tree using fine grained information of the calorimeter can perform three times better than a cut-based method for separation of $π^0$ from $γ$ over a large energy range of 20 GeV-200 GeV.
description: 32 pages, 33 figures