cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Measuring carrier density in parallel conduction layers of quantum Hall systems
Creators: name: Grayson, M.
name: Fischer, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An experimental analysis for two parallel conducting layers determines the full resistivity tensor of the parallel layer, at magnetic fields where the other layer is in the quantum Hall regime. In heterostructures which exhibit parallel conduction in the modulation-doped layer, this analysis quantitatively determines the charge density in the doping layer and can be used to estimate the mobility. To illustrate one application, experimental data show magnetic freeze-out of parallel conduction in a modulation doped heterojunction. As another example, the carrier density of a minimally populated second subband in a two-subband quantum well is determined. A simple formula is derived that can estimate the carrier density in a highly resistive parallel layer from a single Hall measurement of the total system.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Design of viscous and friction damper systems for the optimal control of the seismic response of structures
Creators: name: Dowdell, David John Albert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The objective of this study was to propose methods for the optimal design of viscous or friction/hysteretic dampers in structures subjected to seismic and other dynamic loads. The systems investigated to control the dynamic response of the structure included passive linear viscous dampers, constant slip force friction dampers, and semi-active variable slip force friction dampers of the Off-On type. This work was primarily concerned with sizing of the viscous damper damping coefficients or the friction damper slip loads of the dampers at pre-selected locations within the structure. The dampers were considered to act in series with a flexible brace, as brace flexibility is an undesirable and often unavoidable characteristic. Two primary methodologies for the design were developed; one for the design of dampers in single degree of freedom (SDOF) structures using the transfer function concept, and one for the design of dampers in general multi degree of freedom (MDOF) structures based on linear quadratic control theory. It was found that the transfer function based technique proposed for the selection of optimal friction damper slip loads in SDOF structures provided insight into their design. While it was found that SDOF method could be extended to deal with MDOF structures, this process is limited to structures for which the distribution of dampers is known and calibrated to the SDOF design. As a basis for comparison, optimal friction damper slip loads and their distributions in a uniform 4-story structure were studied using an optimization procedure known as level set programming (LSP). The more general design method proposed based on structural control utilised the peak cycle control force and response quantities to estimate the optimal viscous damper damping coefficients approximating that of the fully active control. Then, considering the amount of energy dissipated in this peak cycle, estimates of the corresponding friction damper slip loads were obtained. Response spectral analysis (RSA) procedures, derived in state-space form, were used to incorporate the effects of earthquake excitation, while permitting the rapid evaluation of estimates of the peak cycle response quantities of non-classically damped structures. Reasonable agreement was obtained between the two methods. Three examples were provided to demonstrate the control theory based design method for MDOF structures; a uniform 4-story shear structure, a 2-D regular steel moment frame and 18DOF, 3-D eccentric building structure
Additional file 6 of Defining immune correlates during latent and active chlamydial infection in sheep
Creators: name: Wattegedera, Sean R.
name: Livingstone, Morag
name: Maley, Stephen
name: Rocchi, Mara
name: Lee, Susan
name: Pang, Yvonne
name: Wheelhouse, Nick M.
name: Aitchison, Kevin
name: Palarea-Albaladejo, Javier
name: Buxton, David
name: Longbottom, David
name: Entrican, Gary
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 6. Summary of estimates from linear mixed modelling of the cellularChlamydia abortusantigen-driven cellular proliferation, interferon-gamma production, interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-17A production in relation to pregnancy outcome. Here are the analysis of variance tables from the linear mixed model (LMM) fits relating to each immunological parameter graphically represented in the section “Analysis of cellular immune correlates with outcome of pregnancy”. The tables refer to (A) estimates of the statistical significance of the fixed-effects terms of the models, including week, treatment group, pregnancy outcome (term called Foetus: either lambed or aborted) and its potential 2-level and 3-level interactions; and (B) post hoc comparisons between groups for each pregnancy outcome from the model fits. Note that the comparisons are made between groups 1 (low dose), group 2 (medium dose), and the challenge control group 5 (s/c control) only as explained in the section “Statistical analyses”.
Geometry optimisation of a transparent axisymmetric ion trap for the MORA project
Creators: name: Benali, M.
name: Quéméner, G.
name: Delahaye, P.
name: Fléchard, X.
name: Liénard, E.
name: Retailleau, B. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the frame of the project MORA (Matter's Origin from the Radio Activity of trapped and oriented ions), a transparent axially symmetric radio-frequency ion trap (MORATrap) was designed in order to measure the triple correlation parameter $D$ in nuclear $β-$decay of laser-polarised ions. The trap design was inspired from the LPCTrap geometry, operated at GANIL from 2005 to 2013. In a real (non-ideal) Paul trap, the quadrupole electric potential is not perfect leading to instabilities in ion motion and therefore affecting the overall trapping efficiency. This paper presents a numerical method aiming to optimise the geometry of a trap. It is applied to MORATrap in order to improve the trapping efficiency and to enlarge the axial transparent solid angle compared to LPCTrap. In the whole optimisation process, numerical computation of electric potential and field was carried out using an electrostatic solver based on boundary element method (BEM). The optimisation consisted in minimising an objective function (fitness function) depending on higher order multipoles of the potential. Finally, systematic changes of trap dimensions and electrode displacements were applied to investigate geometrical effects on the potential quality.
description: 13 pages, 16 figures. Submitted to the European Physical Journal A (EPJ A)
Difference of Life Expenses among Rural Residents ——A Case of Anhui Province, China
Creators: name: Feng, Ying
name: Guo, Su-Hua
name: Chen, Jian-Dong
name: Feng, Ying
name: Guo, Su-Hua
name: Chen, Jian-Dong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Rural resident
subject: Consumption gap
subject: Theil index
subject: Anhui Province
subject: China

description: Literature review on the status of consumption difference of rural residents and its causation analysis is carried out. Researches introduce the status and causation of consumption cap in rural residents from different aspects, which mainly analyze the obsolete data from the macroscopic angle by measuring methods. Only a few researches analyze the data in recent years from the provincial angle by using Theil index as the analysis index. Therefore, taking Anhui Province as an example, Theil index is selected to calculate the consumption gap of rural residents in Anhui Province in the years 2003-2008, according to the sample survey of rural households in Anhui Province in the years 2004-2009. Through the analysis of living consumption expenditure of rural residents, consumption change and its various internal causes are studied. Result shows that differentiation change of food and residence consumption expenditure is the major reason for the differentiation change of living consumption expenditure. Proportions of other expenditures are relatively small, having little impact on the living consumption of rural residents. Based on this, suggestions are put forward in order to minimize the difference in living consumption expenditure in rural areas, such as enhancing the income level of middle and low-income family in rural areas, improving the reform of education and health care, and strengthening the construction of rural road.
Gauge-string duality for superconformal deformations of N=4 Super Yang-Mills theory
Creators: name: Frolov, S. A.
name: Roiban, R.
name: Tseytlin, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze in detail the relation between an exactly marginal deformation of N=4 SYM - the Leigh-Strassler or ``beta-deformation'' - and its string theory dual (recently constructed in hep-th/0502086) by comparing energies of semiclassical strings to anomalous dimensions of gauge-theory operators in the two-scalar sector. We stress the existence of integrable structures on the two sides of the duality. In particular, we argue that the integrability of strings in AdS_5 x S^5 implies the integrability of the deformed world sheet theory with real deformation parameter. We compare the fast string limit of the worldsheet action in the sector with two angular momenta with the continuum limit of the coherent state action of an anisotropic XXZ spin chain describing the one-loop anomalous dimensions of the corresponding operators and find a remarkable agreement for all values of the deformation parameter. We discuss some of the properties of the Bethe Ansatz for this spin chain, solve the Bethe equations for small number of excitations and comment on higher loop properties of the dilatation operator. With the goal of going beyond the leading order in the 't Hooft expansion we derive the analog of the Bethe equations on the string-theory side, and show that they coincide with the thermodynamic limit of the Bethe equations for the spin chain. We also compute the 1/J corrections to the anomalous dimensions of operators with large R-charge (corresponding to strings with angular momentum J) and match them to the 1-loop corrections to the fast string energies. Our results suggest that the impressive agreement between the gauge theory and semiclassical strings in AdS_5 x S^5 is part of a larger picture underlying the gauge/gravity duality.
description: 50 pages, Latex; v2:typos corrected, references added, clarifications in sec 8 and Appendix A, a discussion of a rational solution added in section 4.2; v3: minor corrections to coefficients in eq. 2.5, 5.2 and appendix A; v4: minor misprints corrected
Geological Environmental Adaptability of Qingdao Rural Urbanization Based on Fuzzy Mathematical Method
Creators: name: Hou, Xin-Wen
name: Yin, Zhi-Xuan
name: Zhang, Jian-Wei
name: Yuan, Xi-Long
name: Yin, Ming-Quan
name: Li, Qing-Ping
name: Dong, Jie
name: Hou, Xin-Wen
name: Yin, Zhi-Xuan
name: Zhang, Jian-Wei
name: Yuan, Xi-Long
name: Yin, Ming-Quan
name: Li, Qing-Ping
name: Dong, Jie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Rural urbanization
subject: Qingdao
subject: Fuzzy mathematical method
subject: Geological environment
subject: Adaptability
subject: China

description: Fuzzy mathematics comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the geological environment suitability of rural urbanization in Qingdao City, China. A total of 5 first-level evaluation factors are selected, including environmental geological condition, geological resources, engineering geological condition, geological disaster and environmental geological problem, and human engineering activity. And there are 27 second-level evaluation factors, such as topography, land type and vegetation, nature reserve, water source protection area, groundwater quality division, and major engineering project. Qingdao City is divided into four districts of suitable area, relatively suitable area, moderately suitable area and relatively unsuitable area of ecological environment. And their characteristics are introduced. Suggestions for the developing direction of urban construction are put forward. Region of Laoshan District lying to the west of the Shilaoren is suitable to set up high-rise building; west Hongshiya may establish a waste landfill site; Jiaozhou Bay, the downstream of Dagu River, and Jihongtan Reservoir should be built as the key geological environment protection area and water source protection area. And the north Hongdao should be strictly monitored in order to control the expansion of urban construction to Jihongtan Reservoir. Mocheng District and the area north of it, Jiaozhou District and the area east of it are the ideal urban construction development areas in Qingdao City in the future.
Additional file 3 of Unraveling the molecular interactions involved in phase separation of glucocorticoid receptor
Creators: name: Stortz, Martin
name: Adali Pecci
name: Presman, Diego M.
name: Levi, Valeria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary Fig. S2. Related to Fig. 1. Representative images of U2OS cells expressing GFP-GR incubated with Dex, before and after incubation with 3 or 10% v/v 1,7-heptanediol (1,7-HD) for 30 s (Scale bar: 5 μm).
Controlling the electrical and magnetic ground states by doping in the complete phase diagram of titanate Eu1-xLaxTiO3 thin films
Creators: name: Shin, Hyungki
name: Liu, Chong
name: Li, Fengmiao
name: Sutarto, Ronny
name: Davidson, Bruce A.
name: Zou, Ke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: EuTiO3, a band insulator, and LaTiO3, a Mott insulator, are both antiferromagnetic with transition temperatures ~ 5.5 K and ~ 160 K, respectively. Here, we report the synthesis of Eu1-xLaxTiO3 thin films with x = 0 to 1 by oxide molecular beam epitaxy. The films in the full range have high crystalline quality and show no phase segregation, allowing us carry out transport measurements to study their electrical and magnetic properties. From x = 0.03 to 0.95, Eu1-xLaxTiO3 films show conduction by electrons as charge carriers, with differences in carrier densities and mobilities, contrary to the insulating nature of pure EuTiO3 and LaTiO3. Following a rich phase diagram, the magnetic ground states of the films vary with increasing La-doping level, changing Eu1-xLaxTiO3 from an antiferromagnetic insulator to an antiferromagnetic metal, a ferromagnetic metal, a paramagnetic metal, and back to an antiferromagnetic insulator. These emergent properties reflect the evolutions of the band structure, mainly at the Ti t2g bands near the Fermi level, when Eu2+ are gradually replaced by La3+. This work sheds light on this method for designing the electrical and magnetic properties in strongly-correlated oxides and completes the phase diagram of the titanate Eu1-xLaxTiO3.
Additional file 4 of Unraveling the molecular interactions involved in phase separation of glucocorticoid receptor
Creators: name: Stortz, Martin
name: Adali Pecci
name: Presman, Diego M.
name: Levi, Valeria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Supplementary Fig. S3. Related to Fig. 1. (a) (Left) Representative images of 3617 cells stably expressing GFP-GR and incubated with Dex, before and after incubation with 1% v/v 1,7-heptanediol (1,7-HD) for 30 s. Scale bar: 5 μm. The zoomed image corresponds to the region indicated by the dashed square. (Right) Mean foci density after 1,7-HD incubation relative to the foci density in the same cells before 1,7-HD incubation (ncells = 7). The asterisk (*) denotes a relative foci density significantly different from 1 (p
Umweltfördermaßnahmen in der Landwirtschaft – Teilnehmerauswahl durch Ausschreibungen?
Creators: name: Holm-Muller, Karin
name: Radke, Volker
name: Weis, Jurgen
name: Holm-Muller, Karin
name: Radke, Volker
name: Weis, Jurgen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: agri-environmental measures
subject: auctions
subject: efficiency

description: Agri-environmental programs offering uniform payments to farmers achieved only low participation ratios in some regions whereas, in other regions, windfall profits arose. Auctions leading to individual payments equal to farmers’ bids could solve this problem. Simulations showing auctions’ efficiency gains are based on critical assumptions though. In this article the validity of these assumptions is discussed for different auction designs and different subprograms. We find that extensification programs offer the best conditions for successful auctions. However, it seems counterproductive to use auctions for choosing among different areas in environmental contracting.
Beitragsnovellierung in der landwirtschaftlichen Unfallversicherung - Notwendigkeit und Vorschläge
Creators: name: Bahrs, Enno
name: Bahrs, Enno
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: professional associations in agriculture
subject: premium standards
subject: accident risk
subject: equivalence principle

description: Many German farmers do no longer accept the annual premiums for the state accident insurance, which sometimes reach a considerable degree. The farmers are of the opinion that the specific accident risk of each farm has to be taken into account. So far, the agrarian professional associations as representatives of the state accident insurance, predominantly measure the premium standards by acre/ hectare which no longer fulfils the equivalence principle. The merger of some agrarian professional associations, which take place at present or are planned in the near future, should be regarded as an opportunity to institutionalize new and more appropriate premium standards. They have to be adapted anyway, as a merger usually means the standardization of two or more different premium standards. Inevitably there will be redistributions of the premium burden. The present time is ideal to use simultaneously a premium standard that is viable in the future. This essay analyses the predominantly used premium standards and suggests appropriate methods to measure future standards.
Multi-Temperature Blackbody Spectrum of a Thin Accretion Disk around a Kerr Black Hole: Model Computations and Comparison with Observations
Creators: name: Li, Li-Xin
name: Zimmerman, Erik R.
name: Narayan, Ramesh
name: McClintock, Jeffrey E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a ray-tracing technique to compute the observed spectrum of a thin accretion disk around a Kerr black hole. We include all relativistic effects such as frame-dragging, Doppler boost, gravitational redshift, and bending of light by the gravity of the black hole. We also include self-irradiation of the disk as a result of light deflection. Assuming that the disk emission is locally blackbody, we show how the observed spectrum depends on the spin of the black hole, the inclination of the disk, and the torque at the inner edge of the disk. We find that the effect of a nonzero torque on the spectrum can, to a good approximation, be absorbed into a zero-torque model by adjusting the mass accretion rate and the normalization. We describe a computer model, called KERRBB, which we have developed for fitting the spectra of black hole X-ray binaries. Using KERRBB within the X-ray data reduction package XSPEC, and assuming a spectral hardening factor f_col = 1.7, we analyze the spectra of three black hole X-ray binaries: 4U1543-47, XTE J1550-564, and GRO J1655-40. We estimate the spin parameters of the black holes in 4U1543-47 and GRO J1655-40 to be a/M ~ 0.6 and ~ 0.6-0.7, respectively. If f_col ~ 1.5-1.6, as in a recent study, then we find a/M ~ 0.7-0.8 and ~ 0.8-0.9, respectively. These estimates are subject to additional uncertainties in the assumed black hole masses, distances and disk inclinations.
description: 75 pages, including 14 figures; accepted for publication in ApJS on December 14, 2004
Microscopic description of quadrupole-octupole coupling in actinides with the Gogny-D1M energy density functional
Creators: name: Rodriguez-Guzman, R. R.
name: Humadi, Y. M.
name: Robledo, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay between quadrupole and octupole degrees of freedom is discussed in a series of U, Pu, Cm and Cf isotopes both at the mean-field level and beyond. In addition to the static Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approach, dynamical beyond-mean-field correlations are taken into account via both parity restoration and symmetry-conserving Generator Coordinate Method calculations based on the parametrization D1M of the Gogny energy density functional. Physical properties such as correlation energies, negative-parity excitation energies as well as reduced transition probabilities $B(E1)$ and $B(E3)$ are discussed in detail and compared with the available experimental data. It is shown that, for the studied nuclei, the quadrupole-octupole coupling is weak and to a large extent the properties of negative parity states can be reasonably well described in terms of the octupole degree of freedom alone.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures
Additional file 6 of Unraveling the molecular interactions involved in phase separation of glucocorticoid receptor
Creators: name: Stortz, Martin
name: Adali Pecci
name: Presman, Diego M.
name: Levi, Valeria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6: Supplementary Fig. S4. Related to Fig. 2. (a) U2OS cells expressing GFP-GR were incubated with Dex, then with medium supplemented with 250 mM sucrose for 1 min and imaged by confocal microscopy. Representative images of the same cells before and after sucrose incubation, and after re-introducing the cells in isotonic medium (Sucrose washout) (Scale bar: 5 μm). (b) Representative images of U2OS cells expressing GFP-GR incubated with Dex and then with medium supplemented with 100 mM NaCl for 1 min (Scale bar: 5 μm). (Left, bottom panels) yz images of the same cell before and after NaCl incubation at the plane indicated with a gray dashed line. (Right panel) Changes in the volume and the GR intensity of the nucleus after NaCl incubation are represented relative to the values measured in isotonic medium. The asterisk (*) denotes a significantly different value from 1 (p
Additional file 2 of Unraveling the molecular interactions involved in phase separation of glucocorticoid receptor
Creators: name: Stortz, Martin
name: Adali Pecci
name: Presman, Diego M.
name: Levi, Valeria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Fig. S1. Related to Fig. 1. (a) Representative image of a region of an U2OS cell expressing GFP-GR and incubated with Dex. Zoom-in image of a GR focus (dotted square in the left panel). (b) 3D plot showing the fluorescence intensity (represented with the indicated color code) at every xy-pixel of the focus image showed in A. A 2D Gaussian function (black lines) was fitted to the intensity profile (I) according to the following equation: Ixy=I0+Ia.e−0.5x−xcσxy2−0.5y−ycσxy2$$ I\left(x,y\right)={I}_0+{I}_a.{e}^{-0.5{\left(\frac{x-{x}_c}{\sigma_{xy}}\right)}^2-0.5{\left(\frac{y-{y}_c}{\sigma_{xy}}\right)}^2} $$. The radial waist (2*σxy) was 217 + 4 nm (nfoci = 8), which is in the order of the optical resolution limit (~ 230 nm, [39]). Raw data can be found in Additional file 18: Supplementary Table S6.
Real-time detection of single electron tunneling using a quantum point contact
Creators: name: Vandersypen, L. M. K.
name: Elzerman, J. M.
name: Schouten, R. N.
name: van Beveren, L. H. Willems
name: Hanson, R.
name: Kouwenhoven, L. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observe individual tunnel events of a single electron between a quantum dot and a reservoir, using a nearby quantum point contact (QPC) as a charge meter. The QPC is capacitively coupled to the dot, and the QPC conductance changes by about 1% if the number of electrons on the dot changes by one. The QPC is voltage biased and the current is monitored with an IV-convertor at room temperature. We can resolve tunnel events separated by only 8 $μ$s, limited by noise from the IV-convertor. Shot noise in the QPC sets a 25 ns lower bound on the accessible timescales.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, submitted
Zur Ökonomik der Kontrollmaßnahmen bei Lebensmitteln und Futtermitteln
Creators: name: Lippert, Christian
name: Lippert, Christian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: food safety
subject: opportunism
subject: fines
subject: deterrence
subject: monitoring costs
subject: economics of crime
subject: law enforcement
subject: economics of information

description: The objective of this article is to describe and to analyse the basic relationships between control frequency, amount of fines, other social sanctions, the producers‘ capability to influence certain attributes (including costs of quality assurance) and damage incidence in the field of food and feedstuffs safety. For this purpose an economic model is developed that minimizes monitoring costs including (a) the harm prevented and (b) the revenues from fines. First, monitoring measures are optimized by exclusively taking account of the interests of consumers and taxpayers. In a second step, the model is enlarged by adding constraints relative to the costs of quality assurance so that aspects of both producer welfare and total social costs are explicitly accounted for when simultaneously optimizing the probability of detection and the degree of punishment. The results derived from the model show among other things: - From an economic point of view legal regulation (i.e. the setting of performance standards) is advisable only in cases of comparatively high potential damages. - Even when the entire production is to be free from certain residues, it is often not necessary to check all units of the commodity considered. - In the presence of (a) poor possibilities to influence an attribute - or a wide range of quality assurance costs among producers - and (b) prospective damages which justify a control frequency of one hundred percent, no fines at all should be stipulated in order to avoid allocative distortions. - In the case of strong social sanctions (e.g. losses of reputation), all else being equal the control frequency may be lowered considerably. Against the background of these conclusions the application of uniform control frequencies is inappropriate. Instead, every food control authority should be free to choose the size of samples, taking into account not only the given structure of fines but also its knowledge concerning the market specific social sanctions, monitoring costs, the extent of potential damages from legal transgressions as well as the producers’ possibilities and costs of influencing the relevant food or feedstuffs attributes.
A Weyl-covariant tensor calculus
Creators: name: Boulanger, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On a (pseudo-) Riemannian manifold of dimension n > 2, the space of tensors which transform covariantly under Weyl rescalings of the metric is built. This construction is related to a Weyl-covariant operator D whose commutator [D,D] gives the conformally invariant Weyl tensor plus the Cotton tensor. So-called generalized connections and their transformation laws under diffeomorphisms and Weyl rescalings are also derived. These results are obtained by application of BRST techniques.
description: LaTeX, 10 pages. Minor corrections and a reference added
Diversifikation und Wachstum landwirtschaftlicher Unternehmen
Creators: name: Weiss, Christoph R.
name: Thiele, Holger D.
name: Weiss, Christoph R.
name: Thiele, Holger D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: diversification
subject: growth
subject: farm size
subject: dynamic panel data analysis

description: The liberalization of agricultural markets has increased the interest of farmers (as well as those working on policies concerned with their welfare) in agricultural diversification strategies. However, empirical research on diversification in European agricultural markets is very limited. This paper follows OUSTAPASSIDIS (1992) and investigates the relationship between different diversification strategies and farm performance (farm growth rates). The results of fixed– and random-effect models for approx. 3900 farms in Schleswig-Holstein for the period 1988/89–1997/98 show that diversification into related products increases growth rates whereas the opposite applies for diversification into unrelated products. Initial farm size has a significant and negative impact on the rate of growth which implies ß-convergence of farm sizes.
Real-World Scenario Mining for the Assessment of Automated Vehicles
Creators: name: de Gelder, Erwin
name: Manders, Jeroen
name: Grappiolo, Corrado
name: Paardekooper, Jan-Pieter
name: Camp, Olaf Op den
name: De Schutter, Bart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Scenario-based methods for the assessment of Automated Vehicles (AVs) are widely supported by many players in the automotive field. Scenarios captured from real-world data can be used to define the scenarios for the assessment and to estimate their relevance. Therefore, different techniques are proposed for capturing scenarios from real-world data. In this paper, we propose a new method to capture scenarios from real-world data using a two-step approach. The first step consists in automatically labeling the data with tags. Second, we mine the scenarios, represented by a combination of tags, based on the labeled tags. One of the benefits of our approach is that the tags can be used to identify characteristics of a scenario that are shared among different type of scenarios. In this way, these characteristics need to be identified only once. Furthermore, the method is not specific for one type of scenario and, therefore, it can be applied to a large variety of scenarios. We provide two examples to illustrate the method. This paper is concluded with some promising future possibilities for our approach, such as automatic generation of scenarios for the assessment of automated vehicles.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables
Führungsverhalten beziehungsweise Führungsstile in Agrarunternehmen
Creators: name: Andrea, Katja S.
name: Brodersen, Claus M.
name: Kuhl, Rainer
name: Andrea, Katja S.
name: Brodersen, Claus M.
name: Kuhl, Rainer
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: management behaviour
subject: management styles

description: The development of the relationship between employer and employee is an important aspect of management, i. e. management behaviour and management style play an important role with regard to the employee as a critical factor for success. Increasing average sizes of agricultural enterprises and numbers of employees and the missing hierarchical structures create the need for additional motivation opportunities. In the agricultural sector the quality performance of labour activities is difficult to control, therefore, it becomes even more important to discuss management behaviour and management styles. Management styles are mainly described theoretically in the literature but rarely for agricultural enterprises. An empirical study demonstrates that in practice agricultural entrepreneurs are aware of numerous management styles. Although various standard management styles are known to the managers, the successful manager quickly adapts his individual management style to the current situation.
The nature of CR7 revealed with MUSE: a young starburst powering extended Lyman-$α$ emission at z=6.6
Creators: name: Matthee, Jorryt
name: Pezzulli, Gabriele
name: Mackenzie, Ruari
name: Cantalupo, Sebastiano
name: Kusakabe, Haruka
name: Leclercq, Floriane
name: Sobral, David
name: Richard, Johan
name: Wisotzki, Lutz
name: Lilly, Simon
name: Boogaard, Leindert
name: Marino, Raffaella
name: Maseda, Michael
name: Nanayakkara, Themiya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CR7 is among the most luminous Lyman-$α$ emitters (LAEs) known at $z = 6.6$ and consists of at least three UV components that are surrounded by Lyman-$α$ (Ly$α$) emission. Previous studies have suggested that it may host an extreme ionising source. Here, we present deep integral field spectroscopy of CR7 with VLT/MUSE. We measure extended emission with a similar halo scale length as typical LAEs at $z\approx5$. CR7's Ly$α$ halo is clearly elongated along the direction connecting the multiple components, likely tracing the underlying gas distribution. The Ly$α$ emission originates almost exclusively from the brightest UV component, but we also identify a faint kinematically distinct Ly$α$ emitting region nearby a fainter component. Combined with new near-infrared data, the MUSE data show that the rest-frame Ly$α$ equivalent width (EW) is $\approx100$ Å. This is a factor four higher than the EW measured in low-redshift analogues with carefully matched Ly$α$ profiles (and thus arguably HI column density), but this EW can plausibly be explained by star formation. Alternative scenarios requiring AGN powering are also disfavoured by the narrower and steeper Ly$α$ spectrum and much smaller IR to UV ratio compared to obscured AGN in other Ly$α$ blobs. CR7's Ly$α$ emission, while extremely luminous, resembles the emission in more common LAEs at lower redshifts very well and is likely powered by a young metal poor starburst.
description: Main text 16 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication by MNRAS
PÁGINA DO EDITOR
Creators: name: Machado, Rui
Publisher: name: Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular
Year: 2020

description: Caros colegas espero que se encontrem bem. Na sequência da pandemia COVID-19, com início no nosso país em Março de 2020, houve um grande impacto nos cuidados de saúde prestados aos doentes. Este impacto foi consequência da alocação dos recursos para o tratamento da infeção pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 e consequente diminuição dos recursos para o tratamento de outras patologias. A associação do medo sentido pelos doentes em recorrer às instituições de saúde levou ao adiamento dos cuidados médicos necessários. A real dimensão do impacto da pandemia na saúde global da população, ainda não pode, neste momento, ser totalmente estimada. Após uma primeira fase em que o sistema de saúde foi apanhado desprevenido e teve que rapidamente se adaptar a esta nova realidade, surge agora uma segunda fase de agravamento, mais cedo que o previsto. Neste momento, a população afetada pela infeção engloba uma faixa etária mais jovem provocando um menor impacto em termos de internamento hospitalar e mortalidade. Contudo, graças a uma maior mobilidade e contactos sociais mais frequentes destes grupos etários, é previsível uma difusão da infeção mais rápida e mais intensa nos meses de Outono e Inverno. Em face de um panorama que se avizinha preocupante, solicitei a todos os Diretores de Serviço de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular do Serviço Nacional de Saúde que colaborassem na publicação de um artigo, de estrutura livre, acerca da forma como os diferentes serviços geriram o tratamento do doente com doença vascular periférica e quais as repercussões da pandemia. Todos anuíram em colaborar e desta forma publicamos neste número todos os manuscritos que nos foram enviados. Com estas publicações poderemos perceber a forma como decorreu a gestão do tratamento da doença vascular periférica no país de 1 março a 31 de maio de 2020, analisar as diferenças institucionais e seus resultados e desta forma projetar o futuro próximo com novas e melhores metodologias. Neste número iniciamos também a publicação de guidelines da European Society for Vascular Surgery traduzidas em língua portuguesa com o objetivo de alcançar um universo maior de leitores. Começamos por publicar a tradução das guidelines: “European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2020 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Acute Limb Ischaemia”. É importante salientar que as referências a esta publicação devem ser as do artigo original. Um agradecimento ao Prof. Frederico Gonçalves responsável pela qualidade acrescida que estas publicações trarão à nossa revista permitindo alargar a sua difusão na comunidade lusófona. Termino, desejando a todos, que cumpram os cuidados de proteção individual necessários e mantenham um comportamento familiar, social e profissional que minimize o risco de infeção e consigamos assim colaborar no tratamento de todos os doentes e em particular do doente com patologia vascular periférica. Um abraço Rui Machado
description: Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular, Vol 16 No 3 (2020): September
A neural network model for flood forecasting for small hydro plants
Creators: name: Li, Jian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) provide a quick and flexible way to create models for streamflow forecasting and have been shown to perform well in comparison with conventional hydro logical models. This research applied multi-layer feedforward error backpropagation ANNs for real-time reservoir daily and hourly inflow forecasting. The proposed ANN models are trained by the Levenberg-Marquardt Backpropagation (LMBP) technique, coupled with an early stop method to avoid overfitting. A dataset partition method, which keeps the statistical properties of the training and the monitoring datasets as close as possible, is introduced to avoid under fitting. The method redistributes input/output patterns, in term of streamflow magnitude, into the training dataset and the monitoring dataset by breaking down the time series of the original data into subsets. The research introduced several indicators to cope with the snowmelt affected streamflow forecasting and overcome the limitation of snow information availability. The performance of the daily time step ANN model is compared to an operational conceptual model (UBC Watershed Model) and a one time step lag model. The hourly time step A NN models are compared to a black-box model: Multi-Input Single Output Linear Model (MISOLM). The overall results of the research show that the ANN technique is practicable and effective for real-time streamflow and flood forecasting; the ANN models have higher simulation accuracy than the other referenced models. The models developed have been implemented in BC Hydro. The real-time test of the models showed that ANN is a promising method for snowmelt affected streamflow and flood forecasting.
Influencing Factors on Farming System Development in Shandong Province
Creators: name: Liu, Yan
name: Ning, Tangyuan
name: Zhou, Xunbo
name: Liu, Yan
name: Ning, Tangyuan
name: Zhou, Xunbo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Shandong Province
subject: Structure adjustment
subject: Regional development
subject: Farming system
subject: China

description: The developmental situation of the farming system in Shandong Province is introduced. At present, Shandong Province is at the semi-intensive, semi-commercial and semi-sufficiency level of farming system. Eastern coast and central Shandong agricultural zones are moving in the direction of modern farming system, having formed a preliminary new pattern of the coordinated development of grain, feedstuff, economic and other crops. Influencing factors on the development of farming system in Shandong Province is analyzed, which are agricultural production condition and input level, population and food, policy measures, development of natural resources and regions, agricultural industrialization and urbanization level, and scientific and technological level. Total population will be within 1 00 million at the year 2020; per capita annual share of grain will be 475 kilograms; and there is great pressure on grain production. Therefore, we must change the pattern of agricultural development and accelerate the establishment of modern farming system. Agricultural machinery, water conservancy projects, and chemical fertilizer application have greatly affected the development of farming system. Improvement of production conditions has promoted the adjustment of agricultural structure, increased the planting ratio of winter wheat-summer maize, and improved multiple-cropping index. Development of agricultural industrialization has promoted the transfer of rural labor force and the establishment of modern farming system; while the unbalanced development of cities has restricted the establishment of modern farming system. Therefore, the appropriate policy, scientific and rational regional distribution, and advanced science and technology can help to set up the modern farming system in Shandong Province.
Asyzygies, modular forms, and the superstring measure II
Creators: name: D'Hoker, Eric
name: Phong, D. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Precise factorization constraints are formulated for the three-loop superstring chiral measure, in the separating degeneration limit. Several natural Ansätze in terms of polynomials in theta constants for the density of the measure are examined. None of these Ansätze turns out to satisfy the dual criteria of modular covariance of weight 6, and of tending to the desired degeneration limit. However, an Ansatz is found which does satisfy these criteria for the square of the density of the measure, raising the possibility that it is not the density of the measure, but its square which is a polynomial in theta constants. A key notion is that of totally asyzygous sextets of spin structures. It is argued that the Ansatz produces a vanishing cosmological constant.
description: 41 pages
Long-term Evolution of the Solar Corona Using PROBA2 Data
Creators: name: Mierla, Marilena
name: Janssens, Jan
name: D'Huys, Elke
name: Wauters, Laurence
name: West, Matthew J.
name: Seaton, Daniel B.
name: Berghmans, David
name: Podladchikova, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use The Sun Watcher with Active Pixel System detector and Image Processing (SWAP) imager onboard the Project for Onboard Autonomy 2 (PROBA2) mission to study the evolution of large-scale EUV structures in the solar corona observed throughout Solar Cycle 24 (from 2010 to 2019). We discuss the evolution of the on-disk coronal features and at different heights above the solar surface based on EUV intensity changes. We also look at the evolution of the corona in equatorial and polar regions and compare them at different phases of the solar cycle, as well as with sunspot number evolution and with the PROBA2/Lyman-Alpha Radiometer (LYRA) signal. The main results are as follows: The three time series (SWAP on-disk average brightness, sunspot number and LYRA irradiance) are very well correlated, with correlation coefficients around 0.9. The average rotation rate of bright features at latitudes of +15, 0, and -15 degrees was around 15 degree/day throughout the period studied. A secondary peak in EUV averaged intensity at the Poles was observed on the descending phase of SC24. These peaks (at North and South poles respectively) seem to be associated with the start of the development of the (polar) coronal holes. Large-scale off-limb structures were visible from around March 2010 to around March 2016, meaning that they were absent at the minimum phase of solar activity. A fan at the North pole persisted for more than 11 Carrington rotations (February 2014 to March 2015), and it could be seen up to altitudes of 1.6 Rs.
AS OPCOES ESTRATEGICAS DAS EMPRESAS LOCAIS EM FACE DA GLOBALIZACAO DA ATIVIDADE PRODUTIVA: UM ESTUDO EXPLORATORIO NA CADEIA DO LEITE.
Creators: name: Fensterseifer, Jaime Evaldo
name: Vieira, Luciana Marques
name: Fensterseifer, Jaime Evaldo
name: Vieira, Luciana Marques
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: local companies
subject: strategical options
subject: milk chain
subject: empresas locais
subject: opções estratégicas
subject: cadeia.

description: The settling down of trans-national companies in the country affects brazillian companies’ competitiveness, especially that of those which operate only in the local market. The difficulties in growth or even their survival in the face of the productive activity’s globalization process is the focus of this piece of work, which seeks to deepen the understanding on how companies which act only locally are restructuring themselves strategically, mainly in an agro-industrial chain like that of milk, whose characteristics include concentration of foreign-capital companies. Since this is a theme in its inicial stage of study the authors have opted for the performing of a study of exploratory cases. The analised cases illustrate feasible survival and growth strategies for brazillian companies, starting off with a mapping of the strategical options available to them.