cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Distributed Model Predictive Control for Piecewise Affine Systems Based on Switching ADMM
Creators: name: Mallick, Samuel
name: Dabiri, Azita
name: De Schutter, Bart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents a novel approach for distributed model predictive control (MPC) for piecewise affine (PWA) systems. Existing approaches rely on solving mixed-integer optimization problems, requiring significant computation power or time. We propose a distributed MPC scheme that requires solving only convex optimization problems. The key contribution is a novel method, based on the alternating direction method of multipliers, for solving the non-convex optimal control problem that arises due to the PWA dynamics. We present a distributed MPC scheme, leveraging this method, that explicitly accounts for the coupling between subsystems by reaching agreement on the values of coupled states. Stability and recursive feasibility are shown under additional assumptions on the underlying system. Two numerical examples are provided, in which the proposed controller is shown to significantly improve the CPU time and closed-loop performance over existing state-of-the-art approaches.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, code available at https://github.com/SamuelMallick/stable-dmpc-pwa/tree/paper_2024 and https://github.com/SamuelMallick/hybrid-vehicle-platoon/tree/paper-2024
Efficient Deterministic Renewable Energy Forecasting Guided by Multiple-Location Weather Data
Creators: name: Symeonidis, Charalampos
name: Nikolaidis, Nikos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Electricity generated from renewable energy sources has been established as an efficient remedy for both energy shortages and the environmental pollution stemming from conventional energy production methods. Solar and wind power are two of the most dominant renewable energy sources. The accurate forecasting of the energy generation of those sources facilitates their integration into electric grids, by minimizing the negative impact of uncertainty regarding their management and operation. This paper proposes a novel methodology for deterministic wind and solar energy generation forecasting for multiple generation sites, utilizing multi-location weather forecasts. The method employs a U-shaped Temporal Convolutional Auto-Encoder (UTCAE) architecture for temporal processing of weather-related and energy-related time-series across each site. The Multi-sized Kernels convolutional Spatio-Temporal Attention (MKST-Attention), inspired by the multi-head scaled-dot product attention mechanism, is also proposed aiming to efficiently transfer temporal patterns from weather data to energy data, without a priori knowledge of the locations of the power stations and the locations of provided weather data. The conducted experimental evaluation on a day-ahead solar and wind energy forecasting scenario on five datasets demonstrated that the proposed method achieves top results, outperforming all competitive time-series forecasting state-of-the-art methods.
description: This preprint has not undergone peer review or any post-submission improvements or corrections. The Version of Record of this article is published in Neural Computing and Applications, and is available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-024-10607-2
Changeability of mood
Creators: name: Brandstätter, Hermann
Publisher: name: Leibniz Institut für Psychologie (ZPID)
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Gefühlsreaktion
subject: Änderung
subject: Persönlichkeitsfaktor
subject: Changeability of mood
subject: Personality characteristic
subject: 150

description: Time sampling of emotional experience, several times a day over a period of several weeks (Brandstätter. 1977; Csikszentmihalyi, Larsen & Prescott, 1977; Diener, 1984), provides data which can be analyzed from many different perspectives. This paper focusses on the changeability of mood as a personality characteristic. Everybody would agree that mood changes all the time and that people differ in the frequency of mood changes. This intuitive idea was supported by a number of studies (for example Larsen, 1987; Penner, Shiffman, Paty and Fitzsche, 1994). But how these individual differences in variability of mood relate to basic personality dimensions like those of Cattell's 16PF second order factors (Schneewind, Schroder & Cattell, 1986) is an open question, on which the present paper will focus.
MiMICRI: Towards Domain-centered Counterfactual Explanations of Cardiovascular Image Classification Models
Creators: name: Guo, Grace
name: Deng, Lifu
name: Tandon, Animesh
name: Endert, Alex
name: Kwon, Bum Chul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The recent prevalence of publicly accessible, large medical imaging datasets has led to a proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) models for cardiovascular image classification and analysis. At the same time, the potentially significant impacts of these models have motivated the development of a range of explainable AI (XAI) methods that aim to explain model predictions given certain image inputs. However, many of these methods are not developed or evaluated with domain experts, and explanations are not contextualized in terms of medical expertise or domain knowledge. In this paper, we propose a novel framework and python library, MiMICRI, that provides domain-centered counterfactual explanations of cardiovascular image classification models. MiMICRI helps users interactively select and replace segments of medical images that correspond to morphological structures. From the counterfactuals generated, users can then assess the influence of each segment on model predictions, and validate the model against known medical facts. We evaluate this library with two medical experts. Our evaluation demonstrates that a domain-centered XAI approach can enhance the interpretability of model explanations, and help experts reason about models in terms of relevant domain knowledge. However, concerns were also surfaced about the clinical plausibility of the counterfactuals generated. We conclude with a discussion on the generalizability and trustworthiness of the MiMICRI framework, as well as the implications of our findings on the development of domain-centered XAI methods for model interpretability in healthcare contexts.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, ACM FAccT 2024
HPV RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TEST DEVELOPMENT THROUGH USER-CENTERED DESIGN
Creators: name: Brennan, Luke Patrick
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 400303
subject: Biomechanical engineering
classificationCode: 420699
subject: Public health not elsewhere classified

description: Almost every case of cervical cancer in the United States is medically preventable with vaccination and proper screening, yet many Americans are insufficiently screened. Over 12 thousand American women suffered from cervical cancer in 20181 causing 4 thousand deaths, with over a third in women who had never received a routine screening test2.New, sensitive testing techniques for cervical cancer screening are facilitating HPV testing without evaluating the cells collected in the sample by eye. This opens the door to new, accessible methods of screening such as rapid testing in clinic and at home, self-sampling, and mail-in testing. As cervical cancer morbidity and mortality is largely a result of healthcare inequities, these methods may have a significant impact on cervical cancer outcomes.The goal of this project is to create a proof-of-concept, sample-to-answer rapid test to be used for cervical cancer screening in Indiana outpatient clinics. We began the project by conducting interviews and a survey to explore Indiana clinician perspectives on cervical screening methods such as self-sampling, rapid testing, and home-based screening. Clinicians preferred in-clinic testing with same-visit results, in the hopes that face-to-face explanation of results and scheduling follow-up care in person would improve patient retention for these important follow-up tests. To create such a test, we augmented an isothermal nucleic acid amplification method that copies 13 of the 14 high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) types with an endogenous b-globin sample control and a simple colorimetric lateral flow strip (LFS) readout. When tested with HPV 16 the assay achieved a limit of detection of 1000 HPV copies per reaction, which would detect endocervical samples deemed ‘sufficient’ by clinical guidelines. It also performs in endocervical cells using methods and equipment that could be implemented in an outpatient clinic. The final test accepts swabs or brushes of endocervical cells, lyses them in 5 minutes, copies the target DNA and a sample adequacy control, and delivers the readout within 40 minutes on an LFS readout. Future directions for this assay include soliciting feedback from clinicians and other stakeholders about the prototype developed, adapting the assay to interferents of clinical endocervical samples, and adding probes for other HPV types, such as HPV 18 and eventually the other hrHPV types.
Band structure engineering using a moiré polar substrate
Creators: name: Wang, Xirui
name: Xu, Cheng
name: Aronson, Samuel
name: Bennett, Daniel
name: Paul, Nisarga
name: Crowley, Philip J. D.
name: Collignon, Clément
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Ashoori, Raymond
name: Kaxiras, Efthimios
name: Zhang, Yang
name: Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo
name: Yasuda, Kenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Applying long wavelength periodic potentials on quantum materials has recently been demonstrated to be a promising pathway for engineering novel quantum phases of matter. Here, we utilize twisted bilayer boron nitride (BN) as a moiré substrate for band structure engineering. Small-angle-twisted bilayer BN is endowed with periodically arranged up and down polar domains, which imprints a periodic electrostatic potential on a target two-dimensional (2D) material placed on top. As a proof of concept, we use Bernal bilayer graphene as the target material. The resulting modulation of the band structure appears as superlattice resistance peaks, tunable by varying the twist angle, and Hofstadter butterfly physics under a magnetic field. Additionally, we demonstrate the tunability of the moiré potential by altering the dielectric thickness underneath the twisted BN. Finally, we find that near-60°-twisted bilayer BN provides a unique platform for studying the moiré structural effect without the contribution from electrostatic moiré potentials. Tunable moiré polar substrates may serve as versatile platforms to engineer the electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of 2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures
title: Deep Learning Object-Based Detection of Manufacturing Defects in X-ray Inspection Imaging
Creators: name: Parducci, Juan C.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Current analysis of manufacturing defects in the production of rims and tires via x-ray inspection at an industry partner’s manufacturing plant requires that a quality control specialist visually inspect radiographic images for defects of varying sizes. For each sample, twelve radiographs are taken within 35 seconds. Some defects are very small in size and difficult to see (e.g., pinholes) whereas others are large and easily identifiable. Implementing this quality control practice across all products in its human-effort driven state is not feasible given the time constraint present for analysis.

This study aims to identify and develop an object detector capable of conducting defect detection in real-time across all manufactured products to remove the human-in-the-loop from the quality control cycle and leverage subject matter expertise at scale.

A survey of existing literature on object detectors in a defect detection setting was conducted to aid in the selection process of the detector algorithm. Of focus were studies related to the inspection of radiographs in real-time. Additional consideration was given to studies where the performance of small object detection was characterized. Following the literature review, defect detection models were trained and assessed for performance. The object detector utilized in this study is YOLOv3 with a Darknet-53 network.
Tensor Network Computations That Capture Strict Variationality, Volume Law Behavior, and the Efficient Representation of Neural Network States
Creators: name: Liu, Wen-Yuan
name: Du, Si-Jing
name: Peng, Ruojing
name: Gray, Johnnie
name: Chan, Garnet Kin-Lic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a change of perspective on tensor network states that is defined by the computational graph of the contraction of an amplitude. The resulting class of states, which we refer to as tensor network functions, inherit the conceptual advantages of tensor network states while removing computational restrictions arising from the need to converge approximate contractions. We use tensor network functions to compute strict variational estimates of the energy on loopy graphs, analyze their expressive power for ground-states, show that we can capture aspects of volume law time evolution, and provide a mapping of general feed-forward neural nets onto efficient tensor network functions. Our work expands the realm of computable tensor networks to ones where accurate contraction methods are not available, and opens up new avenues to use tensor networks.
description: PRL in press
Double white dwarf binary population in MOCCA star clusters -- Comparisons with observations of close and wide binaries
Creators: name: Hellström, Lucas
name: Giersz, Mirosław
name: Hypki, Arkadiusz
name: Belloni, Diogo
name: Askar, Abbas
name: Wiktorowicz, Grzegorz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There could be a significant population of double white dwarf binaries (DWDs) inside globular clusters (GCs), however, these are often too faint to be individually observed. We have utilized a large number GC models evolved with the Monte Carlo Cluster Simulator (MOCCA) code, to create a large statistical dataset of DWDs. These models include multiple-stellar populations, resulting in two distinct initial populations: one dense and another less dense. Due to the lower density of one population, a large number of objects escape during the early GC evolution, leading to a high mass-loss rate. In this dataset we have analysed three main groups of DWDs, namely in-cluster binaries, escaped binaries, and isolated evolution of primordial binaries. We compared the properties of these groups to observations of close and wide binaries. We find that the number of escaping DWDs is significantly larger than the number of in-cluster binaries and those that form via the isolated evolution of all promiridial binaries in our GC models. This suggests that dynamics play an important role in the formation of DWDs. For close binaries, we found a good agreement in the separations of escaped binaries and isolated binaries, but in-cluster binaries showed slight differences. We could not reproduce the observed extremely low mass WDs due to the limitations of our stellar and binary evolution prescriptions. For wide binaries, we also found a good agreement in the separations and masses, after accounting for observational selection effects. We conclude that, even though the current observational samples of DWDs are extremely biased and incomplete, our results compare reasonably well with observations.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Advancing Recommender Systems by mitigating Shilling attacks
Creators: name: Chichani, Aditya
name: Golwala, Juzer
name: Gundecha, Tejas
name: Gawande, Kiran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Considering the premise that the number of products offered grow in an exponential fashion and the amount of data that a user can assimilate before making a decision is relatively small, recommender systems help in categorizing content according to user preferences. Collaborative filtering is a widely used method for computing recommendations due to its good performance. But, this method makes the system vulnerable to attacks which try to bias the recommendations. These attacks, known as 'shilling attacks' are performed to push an item or nuke an item in the system. This paper proposes an algorithm to detect such shilling profiles in the system accurately and also study the effects of such profiles on the recommendations.
description: Published in IEEE, Proceedings of 2018 9th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT)
AGN flares as counterparts to LIGO/Virgo mergers: No confident causal connection in spatial correlation analysis
Creators: name: Veronesi, Niccolò
name: van Velzen, Sjoert
name: Rossi, Elena Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The primary formation channel for the stellar-mass Binary Black Holes which have been detected merging by the LIGO-Virgo- KAGRA (LVK) collaboration is yet to be discerned. One of the main reason is that the detection of an Electromagnetic counterpart to such Gravitational Wave (GW) events, which could signpost their formation site, has so far been elusive. Recently, 20 Active Galactic Nuclei flaring activities detected by the Zwicky Transient Facility have been investigated as potential counterparts of GW events by Graham et al. (2023). We present the results of a spatial correlation analysis that involves such events and uses the up-to-date posterior samples of 78 mergers, detected during the third observing run of the LVK collaboration. We apply a likelihood method which takes into account the exact position of the flares within the 3D sky map of the GW events. We place an upper limit of 0.155 at a 90 per cent credibility level on the fraction of the detected coalescences that are physically related to an observed flare, whose posterior probability distribution peaks at a null value. Finally, we show that the typically larger values of the masses of the GW-events, which host at least one flare in their localisation volume, are also consistent with the no-connection hypothesis. This is because of a positive correlation between binary masses and the size of the localisation uncertainties.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables
Optical single-shot readout of spin qubits in silicon
Creators: name: Gritsch, Andreas
name: Ulanowski, Alexander
name: Pforr, Jakob
name: Reiserer, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The digital revolution was enabled by nanostructured devices made from silicon. A similar prominence of this material is anticipated in the upcoming quantum era as the unrivalled maturity of silicon nanofabrication offers unique advantages for integration and up-scaling, while its favorable material properties facilitate quantum memories with hour-long coherence. While small spin-qubit registers have exceeded error-correction thresholds, their connection to large quantum computers is an outstanding challenge. To this end, spin qubits with optical interfaces offer key advantages: they can minimize the heat load and give access to modular quantum computing architectures that eliminate cross-talk and offer a large connectivity via room-temperature photon routing. Here, we implement such an efficient spin-photon interface based on erbium dopants in a nanophotonic resonator. We thus demonstrate optical single-shot readout of a spin in silicon whose coherence exceeds the Purcell-enhanced optical lifetime, paving the way for entangling remote spins via photon interference. As erbium dopants can emit coherent photons in the minimal-loss band of optical fibers, and tens of such qubits can be spectrally multiplexed in each resonator, the demonstrated hardware platform offers unique promise for distributed quantum information processing and the implementation of a quantum internet based on integrated silicon devices.
Blind Federated Learning without initial model
Creators: name: Salmeron, Jose L.
name: Arévalo, Irina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Federated learning is an emerging machine learning approach that allows the construction of a model between several participants who hold their own private data. This method is secure and privacy-preserving, suitable for training a machine learning model using sensitive data from different sources, such as hospitals. In this paper, the authors propose two innovative methodologies for Particle Swarm Optimisation-based federated learning of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps in a privacy-preserving way. In addition, one relevant contribution this research includes is the lack of an initial model in the federated learning process, making it effectively blind. This proposal is tested with several open datasets, improving both accuracy and precision.
Client feedback process to inform FIT implementation: a quality improvement project
Creators: name: Pierpont, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Oregon Health and Science University
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quality Improvement
subject: Mental Health
subject: routine outcome monitoring
subject: feedback informed treatment

description: Feedback Informed Treatment (FIT) is a model for integrating client feedback into care and has been shown to improve cost-effectiveness of mental health treatment. Fidelity to the FIT model requires organizational responsiveness to client and staff needs in a ‘culture of feedback’. This quality improvement project engaged staff at an outpatient mental health organization in a needs assessment (NA), using principles from emerging client engagement models and models of system utility. It resulted in development of a recommended process to elicit client feedback about the organization's systems of care.
Experimental identification of topological defects in 2D colloidal glass
Creators: name: Vaibhav, Vinay
name: Bera, Arabinda
name: Liu, Amelia C. Y.
name: Baggioli, Matteo
name: Keim, Peter
name: Zaccone, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological defects are singularities within a field that cannot be removed by continuous transformations. The definition of these irregularities requires an ordered reference configuration, calling into question whether they exist in disordered materials, such as glasses. However, recent work suggests that well-defined topological defects emerge in the dynamics of glasses, even if they are not evident in the static configuration. In this study, we reveal the presence of topological defects in the vibrational eigenspace of a two-dimensional experimental colloidal glass. These defects strongly correlate with the vibrational features and spatially correlate with each other and structural "soft spots", more prone to plastic flow. This work experimentally confirms the existence of topological defects in disordered systems revealing the complex interplay between topology, disorder, and dynamics.
Keunikan Hukum Adat Minangkabau dalam  Pembagian Harta Peninggalan Keluarga
Creators: name: Akbar tegar 210905092
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Hukum adat Minangkabau, pembagian harta peninggalan, sistem matrilineal, warisan budaya, hak perempuan.

description: Penelitian ini membahas tentang keunikan hukum adat Minangkabau dalam pembagian harta peninggalan keluarga, dengan fokus pada norma-norma yang berlaku dalam masyarakat Minangkabau dan peranannya dalam proses warisan. Hukum adat Minangkabau, yang dikenal dengan sistem matrilineal, memiliki pola pembagian harta yang berbeda dibandingkan dengan hukum waris pada umumnya, di mana harta pusaka diwariskan kepada pihak perempuan, terutama kepada anak perempuan atau pihak keluarga ibu. Keunikan sistem ini mengarah pada Pembagian yang memperkuat peran perempuan dalam menjaga kelangsungan harta keluarga dan warisan budaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan prinsip-prinsip dasar dalam hukum adat Minangkabau yang mengatur pembagian harta peninggalan, serta bagaimana masyarakat Minangkabau mengimplementasikan prinsip-prinsip tersebut dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun ada pengaruh hukum negara, hukum adat Minangkabau tetap hidup dan berfungsi dalam pembagian harta warisan, memberikan perlindungan dan pengakuan terhadap hak-hak perempuan dalam masyarakat. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi pada pemahaman tentang bagaimana hukum adat berperan dalam kehidupan sosial dan budaya masyarakat Minangkabau, serta tantangan yang dihadapi dalam mempertahankan nilai-nilai adat di era modern.
The extremal Reissner-Nordström black holes: an exact charged scalar quasiresonance
Creators: name: Senjaya, David
name: Ponglertsakul, Supakchai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, we present a novel exact scalar quasibound states solutions in the extremal Reissner-Norström black hole background. We start with the construction of the governing covariant relativistic scalar field equation, the Klein-Gordon equation in the extremal Reissner-Norström black hole background and applying the separation of variables anzat. The exact relativistic scalar wave's angular solution is found in terms of the spherical harmonics while the two independent radial wave solutions are, for the first time, exactly found and presented in terms of the double confluent Heun functions. The solutions are settled in the gravitational potential well and behave like an ingoing waves approaching black hole's horizon, vanishing when approaching infinity. The gravitationally bounded charged massive scalar fields are found to have quantized complex valued energy levels while imaginary energy levels are obtained for the charged massless scalar field, of both cases, indicating decaying states. Further investigation shows that the extreme Reissner-Nordstöm black hole does not support scalar cloud. And with the help of the obtained exact radial solutions, the Hawking radiation of the extremal Reissner-Nordstöm black hole is investigated and we find the zero temperature of the black hole's horizon.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, 1 Appendix
Small-Signal Model for Inhomogeneous Helix Traveling-Wave Tubes using Transfer Matrices
Creators: name: Marosi, Robert
name: Rouhi, Kasra
name: Mealy, Tarek
name: Figotin, Alexander
name: Capolino, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Abstract We introduce a practical method for modeling the small-signal behavior of frequency-dispersive and inhomogeneous helix-type traveling-wave tube (TWT) amplifiers based on a generalization of the one-dimensional Pierce model. Our model is applicable to both single-stage and multi-stage TWTs. Like the Pierce model, we assume that electrons flow linearly in one direction, parallel and in proximity to a slow-wave structure (SWS) which guides a single dominant electromagnetic mode. Realistic helix TWTs are modeled with position-dependent and frequency-dependent SWS characteristics, such as loss, phase velocity, plasma frequency reduction factor, interaction impedance, and the coupling factor that relates the SWS modal characteristic impedance to the interaction impedance. For the multi-stage helix TWT, we provide a simple lumped element circuit model for combining the stages separated by a sever, or gap, which attenuates the guided circuit mode while allowing the space-charge wave on the beam to pass freely to the next stage. The dispersive SWS characteristics are accounted for using full-wave eigenmode simulations for a realistic helix SWS supported by dielectric rods in a metal barrel, all of which contribute to the distributed circuit loss. We compare our computed gain vs frequency, computed using transfer matrices, to results found through particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations and the 1D TWT code LATTE to demonstrate the accuracy of our model. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability of our model to reproduce gain ripple due to mismatches at the input and output ports of the TWT.
description: 22 pages, 18 figures
Exploring Black Hole Mimickers: Electromagnetic and Gravitational Signatures of AdS Black Shells
Creators: name: Giri, Suvendu
name: Danielsson, Ulf
name: Lehner, Luis
name: Pretorius, Frans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study electromagnetic and gravitational properties of AdS black shells (also referred to as AdS black bubbles) -- a class of quantum gravity motivated black hole mimickers, that in the classical limit are described as ultra compact shells of matter. We find that their electromagnetic properties are remarkably similar to black holes. We then discuss the extent to which these objects are distinguishable from black holes, both for intrinsic interest within the black shell model, and as a guide for similar efforts in other sub-classes of exotic compact objects (ECOs). We study photon rings and lensing band characteristics, relevant for very large baseline inteferometry (VLBI) observations, as well as gravitational wave observables -- quasinormal modes in the eikonal limit and the static tidal Love number for non-spinning shells -- relevant for ongoing and upcoming gravitational wave observations.
description: v2: minor revisions, matches published version
Quantum switch instabilities with an open control
Creators: name: Molitor, Otavio A. D.
name: Malavazi, André H. A.
name: Baldijão, Roberto Dobal
name: Orthey, Alexandre C.
name: Paiva, Ismael L.
name: Dieguez, Pedro R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The superposition of causal order shows promise in various quantum technologies. However, the fragility of quantum systems arising from environmental interactions, leading to dissipative behavior and irreversibility, demands a deeper understanding of the possible instabilities in the coherent control of causal orders. In this work, we employ a collisional model to investigate the impact of an open control system on the generation of interference between two causal orders. We present the environmental instabilities for the switch of two arbitrary quantum operations and examine the influence of environmental temperature on each potential outcome of control post-selection. Additionally, we explore how environmental instabilities affect protocol performance, including switching between mutually unbiased measurement observables and refrigeration powered by causal order superposition, providing insights into broader implications.
description: 7+8 pages, 3+7 figures
Trapped-Ion Quantum Simulation of Electron Transfer Models with Tunable Dissipation
Creators: name: So, Visal
name: Suganthi, Midhuna Duraisamy
name: Menon, Abhishek
name: Zhu, Mingjian
name: Zhuravel, Roman
name: Pu, Han
name: Wolynes, Peter G.
name: Onuchic, José N.
name: Pagano, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron transfer is at the heart of many fundamental physical, chemical, and biochemical processes essential for life. The exact simulation of these reactions is often hindered by the large number of degrees of freedom and by the essential role of quantum effects. Here, we experimentally simulate a paradigmatic model of molecular electron transfer using a multispecies trapped-ion crystal, where the donor-acceptor gap, the electronic and vibronic couplings, and the bath relaxation dynamics can all be controlled independently. By manipulating both the ground-state and optical qubits, we observe the real-time dynamics of the spin excitation, measuring the transfer rate in several regimes of adiabaticity and relaxation dynamics. Our results provide a testing ground for increasingly rich models of molecular excitation transfer processes that are relevant for molecular electronics and light-harvesting systems.
Relaxing the sharp density stratification and columnar motion assumptions in layered shallow water systems
Creators: name: Adim, Mahieddine
name: Bianchini, Roberta
name: Duchêne, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q35, 76B55, 35B25

description: We rigorously justify the bilayer shallow-water system as an approximation to the hydrostatic Euler equations in situations where the flow is density-stratified with close-to-piecewise constant density profiles, and close-to-columnar velocity profiles. Our theory accommodates with continuous stratification, so that admissible deviations from bilayer profiles are not pointwise small. This leads us to define refined approximate solutions that are able to describe at first order the flow in the pycnocline. Because the hydrostatic Euler equations are not known to enjoy suitable stability estimates, we rely on thickness-diffusivity contributions proposed by Gent and McWilliams. Our strategy also applies to one-layer and multilayer frameworks.
Tylonycteris robustula Thomas 1915
Creators: name: Don E. Wilson
name: Russell A. Mittermeier
Publisher: name: Lynx Edicions
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Vespertilionidae
Tylonycteris
Tylonycteris robustula

description: 56.
Sumatran Greater Bamboo Bat
Tylonycteris robustula
French: Vespertilion robuste / German: Sumatra-Bambusfledermaus / Spanish: Tilonicterio robusto
Other common names: Greater Bamboo Bat, Greater Flat-headed Bat
Taxonomy. Tylonycteris robustula Thomas, 1915,
“Upper Sarawak, Borneo,” Malaysia.
Tylonycteris robustula was previously considered to include 7. malayana as a subspecies, and also populations of the recently described T. tonkinensis, but both were elevated to species status based on morphological and genetic data. Internal taxonomy untested, as only populations from Sumatra have been genetically compared to other Tylonycteris; further studies are needed. Monotypic.
Distribution. Philippines (Luzon, Negros, Calauit, and Palawan Is), Sumatra, W & NW Borneo, Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, and Sulawesi (including Peleng I).
Descriptive notes. Head-body 40—44-9 mm, tail 28-31 mm, ear 9-611 mm, hindfoot 6-7-6 mm, forearm 25-29-8 mm; weight 5-7-8 g. Head is dorso-ventrally flattened and broadened. Fur is smooth and sleek with a somewhat glossy appearance; dorsal pelage is dark brown to dark grayish brown, whereas ventral pelage is slightly paler. Membranes are dark brown. Ears are subtriangular, relatively long with a broadly rounded tip; tragusis short and blunt. Base of thumbs and soles of hindfeet have well-developed rounded fleshy pads for gripping smooth surfaces. Wing membrane attaches at base of metatarsus; uropatagium extends to tip oftail, and calcar is over halfway to tail from ankle. For skull description, see the Malayan Greater Bamboo Bat (71. malayana), as the two species have not yet been well differentiated based on skull morphology.
Habitat. Both intact and disturbed forest habitats with abundant bamboo. Recorded at elevations up to ¢. 1000 m in Borneo, at 711 m in Sumatra, and in lowland regions from sea level to ¢. 500 m in the Philippines.
Food and Feeding. The Sumatran Greater Bamboo Batis insectivorous.
Breeding. Twins are born once a year.
Activity patterns. Sumatran Greater Bamboo Bats roost in hollowed internodes of bamboo. They seem to favor larger dead stems than the Sunda Lesser Bamboo Bat (1. pachypus).
Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Sumatran Greater Bamboo Bat roosts in small groups, with groups of 1-7 recorded in the Philippines.
Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List, although most of its distribution is now attributed to a different species, so a reevaluation is needed.
Bibliography. Bates, Francis, Rosell-Ambal & Heaney (2008), Heaney & Alcala (1986), Heaney et al. (2016), Huang, J.C.C. et al. (2014), Rahman etal. (2011), Tu Vuong Tan, Csorba etal. (2017).
description: Published as part of Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Vespertilionidae, pp. 716-981 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 788, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6397752
COVID-19 Working Paper: Food Insecurity During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Four African Countries
Creators: name: Bloem, Jeffrey
name: Michler, Jeffrey D.
name: Josephson, Anna
name: Rudin-Rush, Lorin
name: Bloem, Jeffrey
name: Michler, Jeffrey D.
name: Josephson, Anna
name: Rudin-Rush, Lorin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Public Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Coronavirus
subject: COVID-19 pandemic
subject: food security
subject: rural food security
subject: urban food security
subject: markets
subject: gender
subject: sub-Saharan Africa
subject: World Bank
subject: Burkina Faso
subject: Ethiopia
subject: Malawi
subject: Nigeria
subject: U.S. Department of Agriculture
subject: USDA
subject: Economic Research Service
subject: ERS

description: This report analyzes trends in food security up to one year after the onset of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in four African countries. Using household-level data collected by the World Bank, this report shows differences in food security over time during the pandemic between rural and urban areas as well as between female- and male-headed households in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Malawi, and Nigeria. Analysis of data collected during the pandemic shows a sharp increase in food insecurity in the early months of the pandemic with a subsequent gradual decline. Additionally, this report finds that a larger increase in food insecurity occurred in rural areas relative to urban areas within each of these countries. Finally, the authors found no systemic difference in food insecurity between female-headed and male-headed households. These trends, documented amid the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, complement previous microeconomic analyses studying short-term changes in food security associated with the pandemic and macroeconomic projections based on expected changes to income, prices, and food supply.
Soluta Jaekel 1901
Creators: name: Zamora, Samuel
name: Gutiérrez-Marco, Juan Carlos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Soluta

description: Class Soluta Jaekel, 1901   Remarks.— Soluta is herein considered as a class of echinoderms following Noailles et al. (2014). Previous workers such as David et al. (2000) suggested they possess a feeding appendage in the form of a brachiole, whereas others like Smith (2005) thought they had a true arm. We consider solutans as distinct from any other blastozoan group because of the lack of radial symmetry, distinct oral area and absence of brachioles, and treat them as a plesiomorphic group of early pre-radial echinoderms according with Smith (2005, 2008). Antero-posterior orientation follows Caster (1968) with the homoiostele at the posterior pole. Rahman and Lintz (2012) in the description of Dehmicystis considered the thecal surface bearing the ambulacrum (and associated mouth) as the oral surface, with the opposite face as the aboral surface (as suggested by Kolata et al. 1977). This does not necessarily imply direct homologies with other echinoderms. Descriptive terminology follows a recent review by Noailles et al. (2014).
description: Published as part of Zamora, Samuel & Gutiérrez-Marco, Juan Carlos, 2023, Filling the Silurian gap of solutan echinoderms with the description of new species of Dehmicystis from Spain, pp. 185-192 in Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 68 (2) on page 187, DOI: 10.4202/app.01054.2023, http://zenodo.org/record/10981125
Hierarchical Salient Patch Identification for Interpretable Fundus Disease Localization
Creators: name: Peng, Yitao
name: He, Lianghua
name: Hu, Die
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the widespread application of deep learning technology in medical image analysis, the effective explanation of model predictions and improvement of diagnostic accuracy have become urgent problems that need to be solved. Attribution methods have become key tools to help doctors better understand the diagnostic basis of models, and are used to explain and localize diseases in medical images. However, previous methods suffer from inaccurate and incomplete localization problems for fundus diseases with complex and diverse structures. To solve these problems, we propose a weakly supervised interpretable fundus disease localization method called hierarchical salient patch identification (HSPI) that can achieve interpretable disease localization using only image-level labels and a neural network classifier (NNC). First, we propose salient patch identification (SPI), which divides the image into several patches and optimizes consistency loss to identify which patch in the input image is most important for the network's prediction, in order to locate the disease. Second, we propose a hierarchical identification strategy to force SPI to analyze the importance of different areas to neural network classifier's prediction to comprehensively locate disease areas. Conditional peak focusing is then introduced to ensure that the mask vector can accurately locate the disease area. Finally, we propose patch selection based on multi-sized intersections to filter out incorrectly or additionally identified non-disease regions. We conduct disease localization experiments on fundus image datasets and achieve the best performance on multiple evaluation metrics compared to previous interpretable attribution methods. Additional ablation studies are conducted to verify the effectiveness of each method.
Stochastic thermodynamics of Fisher information
Creators: name: Melo, Pedro B.
name: Queirós, Sílvio M. Duarte
name: Morgado, Welles A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the stochastic thermodynamics of Fisher information (FI), meaning we characterize both the \textit{fluctuations} of FI, introducing a parastatistics of that quantity, and thermodynamic quantities. We introduce two initial conditions: an equilibrium initial condition and a minimum entropy initial condition, both under a protocol that drives the system to equilibrium. Its results indicate a dependence of the average FI on both the initial condition and path taken. Furthermore, the results point the chosen parameter directly affects the FI of thermodynamic quantities such as irreversible work and entropy, along with fluctuations of a stochastic FI. Last, we assess the further role of FI of the distribution of thermal quantities within the context of thermostatistical inequalities.
description: Accepted to Phys. Rev. E, 8 pages and 4 figures
STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LEARNING ORGANIZATION IN IMPROVING ASATIDZ PERFORMANCE
Creators: name: MAHMUD FARID
name: ENDANG KOMARA
name: RITA SULASTINI
name: N. DEDE KHOERIAH
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Strategy, Improvement, Learning Organization, Pesantren.

description: Abstract

The existence of pesantren reflects their ability to become a learning organization. This ability needs to be developed in line with the decline in the performance of ustadz in pesantren. A strategy to improve the implementation of learning organization is needed. This study aims to describe the strategy of improving the implementation of learning organization to improve the performance of Asatidz at Riyadlul 'Ulum Wadda'wah Islamic Boarding School. Using the theory of strategy, organization, learning organization, management and human resource management of pesantren with a qualitative approach of case study method. The results showed that although it still needs improvement, the strategy of improving the implementation of learning organization at Condong Islamic boarding school is in accordance with the stages of supervision and evaluation from experts adjusted to government policies, pesantren culture, and based on six value systems. Various obstacles such as the lack of conceptual skills of the head of the section, the professionalism of the ustadz and the culture of quality that has not been formed, are resolved by optimizing the role of the Caretaker Assembly as SPMI Pesantren to ensure the quality of the personal mastery and team learning discipline strengthening programs.
A Survey of Latent Factor Models in Recommender Systems
Creators: name: Alshbanat, Hind I.
name: Benhidour, Hafida
name: Kerrache, Said
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recommender systems are essential tools in the digital era, providing personalized content to users in areas like e-commerce, entertainment, and social media. Among the many approaches developed to create these systems, latent factor models have proven particularly effective. This survey systematically reviews latent factor models in recommender systems, focusing on their core principles, methodologies, and recent advancements. The literature is examined through a structured framework covering learning data, model architecture, learning strategies, and optimization techniques. The analysis includes a taxonomy of contributions and detailed discussions on the types of learning data used, such as implicit feedback, trust, and content data, various models such as probabilistic, nonlinear, and neural models, and an exploration of diverse learning strategies like online learning, transfer learning, and active learning. Furthermore, the survey addresses the optimization strategies used to train latent factor models, improving their performance and scalability. By identifying trends, gaps, and potential research directions, this survey aims to provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners looking to advance the field of recommender systems.