cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Interrelations of vegetation growth and water scarcity in Iran revealed by satellite time series
Creators: name: Behling, Robert
name: Roessner, Sigrid
name: Foerster, Saskia
name: Saemian, Peyman
name: Tourian, Mohammad J.
name: Portele, Tanja C.
name: Lorenz, Christof
Publisher: name: Universität Stuttgart
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 550

description: Iran has experienced a drastic increase in water scarcity in the last decades. The main driver has been the substantial unsustainable water consumption of the agricultural sector. This study quantifies the spatiotemporal dynamics of Iran’s hydrometeorological water availability, land cover, and vegetation growth and evaluates their interrelations with a special focus on agricultural vegetation developments. It analyzes globally available reanalysis climate data and satellite time series data and products, allowing a country-wide investigation of recent 20+ years at detailed spatial and temporal scales. The results reveal a wide-spread agricultural expansion (27,000 km 2) and a significant cultivation intensification (48,000 km 2). At the same time, we observe a substantial decline in total water storage that is not represented by a decrease of meteorological water input, confirming an unsustainable use of groundwater mainly for agricultural irrigation. As consequence of water scarcity, we identify agricultural areas with a loss or reduction of vegetation growth (10,000 km 2), especially in irrigated agricultural areas under (hyper-)arid conditions. In Iran’s natural biomes, the results show declining trends in vegetation growth and land cover degradation from sparse vegetation to barren land in 40,000 km 2, mainly along the western plains and foothills of the Zagros Mountains, and at the same time wide-spread greening trends, particularly in regions of higher altitudes. Overall, the findings provide detailed insights in vegetation-related causes and consequences of Iran’s anthropogenic drought and can support sustainable management plans for Iran or other semi-arid regions worldwide, often facing similar conditions.
Information Symmetry Matters: A Modal-Alternating Propagation Network for Few-Shot Learning
Creators: name: Ji, Zhong
name: Hou, Zhishen
name: Liu, Xiyao
name: Pang, Yanwei
name: Han, Jungong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Semantic information provides intra-class consistency and inter-class discriminability beyond visual concepts, which has been employed in Few-Shot Learning (FSL) to achieve further gains. However, semantic information is only available for labeled samples but absent for unlabeled samples, in which the embeddings are rectified unilaterally by guiding the few labeled samples with semantics. Therefore, it is inevitable to bring a cross-modal bias between semantic-guided samples and nonsemantic-guided samples, which results in an information asymmetry problem. To address this problem, we propose a Modal-Alternating Propagation Network (MAP-Net) to supplement the absent semantic information of unlabeled samples, which builds information symmetry among all samples in both visual and semantic modalities. Specifically, the MAP-Net transfers the neighbor information by the graph propagation to generate the pseudo-semantics for unlabeled samples guided by the completed visual relationships and rectify the feature embeddings. In addition, due to the large discrepancy between visual and semantic modalities, we design a Relation Guidance (RG) strategy to guide the visual relation vectors via semantics so that the propagated information is more beneficial. Extensive experimental results on three semantic-labeled datasets, i.e., Caltech-UCSD-Birds 200-2011, SUN Attribute Database, and Oxford 102 Flower, have demonstrated that our proposed method achieves promising performance and outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches, which indicates the necessity of information symmetry.
Remarks on the origin of Castillejo-Dalitz-Dyson poles
Creators: name: Krivoruchenko, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Castillejo-Dalitz-Dyson (CDD) poles are known to be connected with bound states and resonances. We discuss a new type of CDD pole associated with primitives i.e., poles of the P matrix that correspond to zeros of the D function on the unitary cut. Low's scattering equation is generalized for amplitudes with primitives. The relationship between the CDD poles and the primitives is illustrated by a description of the S-wave nucleon-nucleon phase shifts.
description: 5 pages REVTeX, 5 eps figures
An exploratory investigation toward the development of a research design for a study of youth work transition
Creators: name: Charach, Larry
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In this study a research design for a study of youth work transition is developed and pretested. Available statistics on the scope and severity of youth unemployment are examined and it is concluded that the problems of unemployment are more severe for those under 25 than for any other age group and that the situation is likely to get worse as young people in the next ten years will encounter a situation where ahead of them in the occupational structure are a large number of older, but still young, workers. It is suggested that the problems faced by youth in the work world could be alleviated if more information were available on what variables determine job success and on what effects various educational and training programs have on youth's work transition. However, such research is a major undertaking and much preliminary work to select effective instruments for measuring work attitudes and for developing effective methods of data gathering is required. Preliminary work carried out in this study includes determining an optimal sample size, compiling a questionnaire composed of a number of tested attitude scales, and the development of an optimal methodology for using mail questionnaires. A pre-test was carried out and the 24-page questionnaire was sent out to 600 high school leavers. A response rate of 64% was obtained even though time and budget constraints meant only a portion of the mail questionnaire methodology could be used. A multivariate analysis of the results from the questionnaire showed the attitude scales had a significant explanatory effect on a number of variables related to job success. It is hoped that this study will prove useful to future researchers who plan to study the problems of youth work transition and that the excellent response to the pre-test will encourage government to grant the support and commitments such studies deserve.
RITUAL FOLKLORE OF THE KAZAKHS AS ANCIENT PLAST OF NATIONAL CULTURE
Creators: name: Kuzbakova, G.
name: Imasheva, A.
Publisher: name: Deutsche Internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft
Year: 2021
Subjects: Kazakh song folklore
Kazakh music
cultural traditions
ritual songs
traditional art
tengrinism
wedding ceremonies
farewell songs of brides
traditional worldview

description: The article is devoted to ancient family-ritual songs of Kazakhs. The study shows the basis of figurative and artistic poetics of ritual genres. Songs of maternity, wedding and funeral rites are described as an ancient layer of national cultural traditions, preserved by the Kazakhs to this day. The main constants of the worldview of the family-ritual song genres of the Kazakhs are revealed Tengrian mythopoietic ideas and beliefs about life and death, an animistic understanding of nature, the human life cycle, the idea of reincarnation.
Melanocytes: a new potential tool to study and monitoring Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Creators: name: Pellegrini, Camilla <1983>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2013
Subjects: BIO/16 Anatomia umana

description: Dystrophin is a subsarcolemmal protein critical for the integrity of muscle fibers by linking the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix via the dystroglycan complex. It is reported that dystroglycans are also localized in the skin, at dermal-epidermal junction. Here we show that epidermal melanocytes express dystrophin at the interface with the basement membrane. The full-length muscle isoform mDp427 was clearly detectable in epidermis and in melanocyte cultures as assessed by RNA and western blot analysis. Dystrophin was absent in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) patients melanocytes, and the ultrastructural analysis revealed mitochondrial alterations, similar to those occurring in myoblasts from the same patients. Interestingly, mitochondrial dysfunction of DMD melanocytes reflected the alterations identified in dystrophin-deficient muscle cells. In fact, mitochondria of melanocytes from DMD patients accumulated tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester but, on the contrary of control donor, mitochondria of DMD patients readily depolarized upon the addition of oligomycin, suggesting either that they are maintaining the membrane potential at the expense of glycolytic ATP, or that they are affected by a latent dysfunction unmasked by inhibition of the ATP synthase.
Melanocyte cultures can be easily obtained by conventional skin biopsies, less invasive procedure than muscular biopsy, so that they may represent an alternative cellular model to myoblast for studying and monitoring dystrophinopathies also in  response to pharmacological treatments.
THE INFLUENCE OF AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF INFLAMMATION ON RATS COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS AND BEHAVIOR
Creators: name: Tchang, A.
name: Belyakov, V.
name: Lemba, Y.
Publisher: name: Deutsche Internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft
Year: 2021
Subjects: inflammation
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
cognitive functions
behavior
rats

description: The aim of the current study was to observe various behaviors of adult rats under experimental conditions of semi-chronic exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. The rats' behaviors were studied using the "Open field" and "Elevated cruciform maze" setups. It was found that daily administration of Salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide (50 μg/kg; intraperitoneal) for 10 days led to a decrease of motor and exploratory activity with an increase of anxiety in adult rats. The results of the study suggest that bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) provides the development of an inflammatory response with the corresponding production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is possible that the effect of inflammation on the brain structures e. g. cerebral cortex, limbic system etc. causes an inhibition of the exploratory behavior of rats in tested experimental conditions.
adaptive capabilities of the pi3k/akt/mtor pathway in acute myeloid leukemia revealed by the use of selective inhibitors
Creators: name: Bertacchini, Jessika <1980>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2013
Subjects: BIO/16 Anatomia umana

description: Because of its aberrant activation, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway represents a pharmacological target in blast cells from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Using Reverse Phase Protein Microarrays (RPMA), we have analyzed 20 phosphorylated epitopes of the PI3K/Akt/mTor signal pathway of peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens of 84 patients with newly diagnosed AML. Fresh blast cells were grown for 2 h, 4 h or 20 h untreated or treated with a panel of phase I or phase II Akt allosteric inhibitors, either alone or in combination with the mTOR kinase inhibitor Torin1 or the broad RTK inhibitor Sunitinib. By unsupervised hierarchical clustering a strong phosphorylation/activity of most of the sampled members of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was observed in 70% of samples from AML patients. Remarkably, however, we observed that inhibition of Akt phosphorylation, as well as of its substrates, was transient, and recovered or even increased far above basal level after 20 h in 60% samples. We demonstrated that inhibition of Akt induces FOXO-dependent insulin receptor expression and IRS-1 activation, attenuating the effect of drug treatment by reactivation of PI3K/Akt. Consistent with this model we found that combined inhibition of Akt and RTKs is much more effective than either alone, revealing the adaptive capabilities of signaling networks in blast cells and highliting the limations of these drugs if used as monotherapy.
THE ROLE OF THE QUESTION-ANSWER TECHNIQUES IN TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Creators: name: Potepkina, V.
Publisher: name: Deutsche Internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft
Year: 2021
Subjects: question-answer technique
lingual tightness
creating comfortable conditions
socialization
elimination of the language barrier

description: The article discusses the problem of students' difficulties in creating questions in the process of communication in a foreign language. Particular attention is paid to the role of work in small groups to reduce language tightness and create a psychologically comfortable atmosphere in the classroom.
The homogenized equation of a heterogenous Reaction-Diffusion model involving pulsating traveling fronts
Creators: name: Smaily, Mohammad El
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35B27, 35B45, 35K55, 35K57

description: The goal of this paper is to find the homogenized equation of a heterogenous Fisher-KPP model in a periodic medium. The solutions of this model are pulsating travelling fronts whose \emph{speeds} are superior to a parametric minimal speed $c^*_L$. We first find the homogenized limit of the stationary states which depend on the space variable in many cases. Then, we prove that the pulsating travelling fronts converge to a classical $u_0:=u_0(t,x)$ of a homogenous reaction-diffusion equation. The homogenized limit $u_0$ is also a travelling front whose minimal speed of propagation is given in terms of the coefficients of the problem.
description: submitted
Gradient estimates for the heat equation under the Ricci flow
Creators: name: Bailesteanu, Mihai
name: Cao, Xiaodong
name: Pulemotov, Artem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The paper considers a manifold $M$ evolving under the Ricci flow and establishes a series of gradient estimates for positive solutions of the heat equation on $M$. Among other results, we prove Li-Yau-type inequalities in this context. We consider both the case where $M$ is a complete manifold without boundary and the case where $M$ is a compact manifold with boundary. Applications of our results include Harnack inequalities for the heat equation on $M$.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures
The effect of the Fed zero-lower bound announcement on bank profitability and diversification
Creators: name: LANDI, Andrea
name: SCLIP, ALEX
name: VENTURELLI, Valeria
Publisher: name: Dipartimento di Economia Marco Biagi - Universit� di Modena e Reggio Emilia
Year: 2019

description: In this paper we investigate the impact of the Federal Reserve's decision to maintain the zero-lower bound for at least two years on bank pro tability and strategies. Using a di erence in di erence setting we nd that banks with lower reliance on deposit funding are more sensitive to the policy event. Reduced net worth of low deposit banks, relative to high deposit banks, induces those banks to change their strategies toward an increase in fee income related products to maintain the targeted level of performance. Such an increase is mainly explained by duciary and insurance related revenues that entail a lower risk for nancial stability.
The role of interleuchin 6 (IL-6) in the promotion of an aggressive and stem cell-like phenotype in human breast cancer cells and in stem/progenitor cells expanded in vitro as mammospheres
La citochina pro-infiammatoria IL-6 promuove un fenotipo aggressivo e staminale in cellule di carcinoma mammario umano
Creators: name: Sansone, Pasquale <1981>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2009
Subjects: BIO/14 Farmacologia

description: High serum levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) correlate with poor outcome in breast cancer patients. However no data are available on the relationship between IL-6 and stem/progenitor cells which may fuel the genesis of breast cancer in vivo. Herein, we address this issue in mammospheres (MS), multi-cellular structures enriched in stem/progenitor cells of the mammary gland, and also in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We show that MS from node invasive breast carcinoma tissues express IL-6 mRNA at higher levels than MS from matched non-neoplastic mammary glands. We find that IL-6 mRNA is detectable only in basal-like breast carcinoma tissues, an aggressive variant showing stem cell features. Our results reveal that IL-6 triggers a Notch-3-dependent up-regulation of the Notch ligand Jagged-1, whose interaction with Notch-3 promotes the growth of MS and MCF-7 derived spheroids. Moreover, IL-6 induces a Notch-3-dependent up-regulation of the carbonic anhydrase IX gene, which promotes a hypoxia-resistant/invasive phenotype in MCF-7 cells and MS. Finally, an autocrine IL-6 loop relies upon Notch-3 activity to sustain the aggressive features of MCF-7-derived hypoxia-selected cells. In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis that IL-6 induces malignant features in Notch-3 expressing, stem/progenitor cells from human ductal breast carcinoma and normal mammary gland.
Accuratezza nella diagnosi prenatale di malformazione fetale
Creators: name: Segata, Maria <1973>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2009
Subjects: MED/40 Ginecologia e ostetricia

description: OBJECTIVE: One major problem in counselling couples with a prenatal diagnosis of a correctable fetal anomaly is the ability to exclude associated malformations that may modify the prognosis. Our aim was to assess the precision of fetal sonography in identifying isolated malformations.
METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the prenatal and postnatal records of our center for cases with a prenatal diagnosis of an isolated fetal anomaly in the period 2002-2007.
RESULTS: The antenatal diagnosis of an isolated malformation was made in 284 cases. In one of this cases the anomaly disappeared in utero. Of the remaining cases, the prenatal diagnosis was confirmed after birth in 251 (88.7%). In 8 fetuses (7 with a suspected coarctation of the aorta, 1 with ventricular septal defect) the prenatal diagnosis was not confirmed. In 24 fetuses (8.5%) additional malformations were detected at postnatal or post-mortem. In 16 of these cases the anomalies were mild or would not have changed the prognosis. In 8 cases (2.8%) severe anomalies were present (1 hypoplasia of the corpus callosum with ventriculomegaly, 1 tracheal agenesis, 3 cases with multiple anomalies, 1 Opitz Syndrome, 1 with CHARGE Syndrome, 1 COFS Syndrome). Two of these infants died.
CONCLUSIONS: the prenatal diagnosis of an isolated fetal anomaly is highly reliable. However, the probability that additional malformations will go undetected albeit small remains tangible. In our experience, it was 2.8%.
Zusammenhang von Muskulatur, Irisin und Arteriosklerose bei Menschen mit und ohne Diabetes mellitus Typ II
Creators: name: Vlach, Konrad
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Grundlage dieser Dissertation ist die „Muskelkraft, Arteriosklerose und Diabetes“ - Studie (MAD). Es wurde der klinische Zusammenhang zwischen physischen Parametern zur Ermittlung der Muskelkraft und Arteriosklerose bei Menschen mit und ohne T2DM untersucht. Die MAD-Studie hat mit Ihren Ergebnissen gezeigt, dass es bei Menschen mit und ohne T2DM sinnvoll ist, den Muskelstatus zu ermitteln. Weiterhin konnte bestätigt werden, dass die aorto-femorale PWG als Untersuchungsverfahren unabhängig vom Faktor T2DM zur Detektierung einer Arteriosklerose gut geeignet ist.
Pointer basis induced by collisional decoherence
Creators: name: Busse, Marc
name: Hornberger, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the emergence and dynamics of pointer states in the motion of a quantum test particle affected by collisional decoherence. These environmentally distinguished states are shown to be exponentially localized solitonic wave functions which evolve according to the classical equations of motion. We explain their formation using the orthogonal unraveling of the master equation, and we demonstrate that the statistical weights of the arising mixture are given by projections of the initial state onto the pointer basis.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures; v2: minimal corrections, corresponds to published version
Simulating the gamma-ray emission from galaxy clusters: a universal cosmic ray spectrum and spatial distribution
Creators: name: Pinzke, Anders
name: Pfrommer, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entering a new era of high-energy gamma-ray experiments, there is an exciting quest for the first detection of gamma-ray emission from clusters of galaxies. To complement these observational efforts, we use high-resolution simulations of a broad sample of galaxy clusters, and follow self-consistent cosmic ray (CR) physics using an improved spectral description. We study CR proton spectra as well as the different contributions of the pion decay and inverse Compton emission to the total flux and present spectral index maps. We find a universal spectrum of the CR component in clusters with surprisingly little scatter across our cluster sample. The spatial CR distribution also shows approximate universality; it depends however on the cluster mass. This enables us to derive a semi-analytic model for both, the distribution of CRs as well as the pion-decay gamma-ray emission that results from hadronic CR interactions with ambient gas protons. In addition, we provide an analytic framework for the inverse Compton emission that is produced by shock-accelerated CR electrons and valid in the full gamma-ray energy range. Combining the complete sample of the brightest X-ray clusters observed by ROSAT with our gamma-ray scaling relations, we identify the brightest clusters for the gamma-ray space telescope Fermi and current imaging air Cherenkov telescopes (MAGIC, HESS, VERITAS). We reproduce the result in Pfrommer (2008), but provide somewhat more conservative predictions for the fluxes in the energy regimes of Fermi and imaging air Cherenkov telescopes when accounting for the bias of `artificial galaxies' in cosmological simulations. We find that it will be challenging to detect cluster gamma-ray emission with Fermi after the second year but this mission has the potential of constraining interesting values of the shock acceleration efficiency after several years of surveying.
description: 33 pages, 25 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS: Typos corrected and primary IC analysis now includes the Klein-Nishina effect and a simple-to-use semi-analytic formula
Untitled Item
Creators: name: Arukwe, Juliet
name: Arukwe, Dorothy
name: Nwanagba, N. L
name: Onyenoro, C. O
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111712 Health Promotion
subject: 111199 Nutrition and Dietetics not elsewhere classified
subject: 111104 Public Nutrition Intervention
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified

description: The assessment of the covid-19 impact on food security in Nigeria
Logarithmic Correlators in Non-relativistic Conformal Field Theory
Creators: name: Hosseiny, Ali
name: Rouhani, Shahin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how logarithmic terms may arise in the correlators of fields which belong to the representation of the Schrodinger-Virasoro algebra (SV) or the affine Galilean Conformal Algebra (GCA). We show that in GCA, only scaling operator can have a Jordanian form and rapidity can not. We observe that in both algebras logarithmic dependence appears along the time direction alone.
description: 18 pages, no figures,some errors corrected
Multipolar ordering in the three-orbital Hubbard model
Creators: name: Chikano, Naoya
name: Hoshino, Shintaro
name: Shinaoka, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground-state phase diagrams of the three-orbital t2g Hubbard model are studied using a Hartree-Fock approximation. First, a complete set of multipolar order parameters for t2g models defined in terms of the effective total angular momentum jeff are theoretically derived. These order parameters can classify off-diagonal orders between jeff = 1/2 and jeff = 3/2 manifolds. Second, through extensive Hartree-Fock calculations, the ground-state phase diagrams in the space of (1) the onsite Coulomb repulsion U, (2) the spin-orbit coupling (SOC), and (3) the number of electrons are mapped out. A variety of nontrivial quantum phases with jeff-diagonal and jeff-off-diagonal multipole orders are found. Finally, future studies using more numerically expensive methods, such as dynamical mean-field theory are discussed.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
Measurement of the polytropic index during solar coronal rain using a diagram of the electron density distribution as a function of the electron temperature
Creators: name: Vashalomidze, Z. M.
name: Zaqarashvili, T. V.
name: Kukhianidze, V. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A differential emission measure (DEM) method is used to evaluate the relationship of the electron density and temperature before and after a coronal rain event during an active sun over the period from 20:10 UT on October 6 to 02:10 on October 7, 2011. Observational data were obtained from SDO/AIA for six different extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectral lines. 240 different coronal loops were analyzed during this time interval, and the average electron density and temperature were obtained using 171 Å (Fe IX) and 193 Å (Fe XII) filters. The relationship between the density and temperature made it possible to estimate the polytropic index in the solar corona before and after the coronal rain. The polytropic index after the termination of the coronal rain was estimated to be γ = 1.3{\pm}0.06, Which shows the usual thermodynamic properties of study-state coronal plasma. The polytropic index at the time of onset of the coronal rain was, however, estimated to be γ = 2.1{\pm}0.11, which indicates an unstable thermodynamic process, i.e., thermal instability. It is suggested that the coronal rain is the result of an unstable process, and the coronal plasma returns its stable state after the rain.
Variational Studies of Triangular Heisenberg Antiferromagnet in Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Tay, Tiamhock
name: Motrunich, Olexei I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a variational study of the Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the spatially anisotropic triangular lattice in magnetic field. First we construct a simple yet accurate wavefunction for the 1/3-magnetization plateau uud phase on the isotropic lattice. Beginning with this state, we obtain natural extensions to nearby commensurate coplanar phases on either side of the plateau. The latter occur also for low lattice anisotropy, while the uud state extends to much larger anisotropy. Far away from the 1/3 plateau and for significant anisotropy, incommensurate states have better energetics, and we address competition between coplanar and non-coplanar states in the high field regime. For very strong anisotropy, our study is dominated by quasi-1d physics. The variational study is supplemented by exact diagonalization calculations which provide a reference for testing the energetics of our trial wavefunctions as well as helping to identify candidate phases.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures
Chen-Ruan cohomology of M_{1,n} and \bar{M}_{1,n}
Creators: name: Pagani, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H10, 14N35, 55N32

description: In this work we compute the Chen--Ruan cohomology and the stringy Chow ring of the moduli spaces of smooth and stable $n$-pointed curves of genus 1. We suggest a definition for an Orbifold Tautological Ring in genus 1, which is both a subring of the Chen--Ruan cohomology and of the stringy Chow ring.
description: 37 pages, 2 figures. Final version
Initial time singularities and admissible initial states for a system of coupled scalar fields
Creators: name: Baacke, Jurgen
name: Kevlishvili, Nina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the problem of initial states for a system of coupled scalar fields out of equilibrium in the one-loop approximation. The fields consist of classical background fields, taken constant in space, and quantum fluctuations. If the initial state is the adiabatic vacuum, i.e., the ground state of a Fock space of particle excitations that diagonalize the mass matrix, the energy-momentum tensor is infinite at t=0, its most singular part behaves as 1/t. When the system is coupled to gravity this presents a problem that we solve by a Bogoliubov transformation of the naive initial state. As a side result we also discuss the canonical formalism and the adiabatic particle number for such a system. Most of the formalism is presented for Minkowksi space. Embedding the system and its dynamics into a flat FRW universe is straightforward and we briefly address the essential modifications.
description: 26 pages, no figures; typos corrected, added 6 paragraphs et the end of section 3, and 1 paragraph at the end of section 5
Large extra dimensions and small black holes at the LHC
Creators: name: Bleicher, Marcus
name: Nicolini, Piero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an overview of the conjectured production of microscopic black holes as a consequence of high energy hadronic collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), CERN (Geneva, Switzerland) from this year on. Provided the presence of large extra-dimensions, we analyze some possible scenarios that could turn out to be outstanding experimental discoveries. We also discuss some new models which have been recently proposed on the ground of quantum gravity arguments. The final comments are devoted to supposed potential risks connected with the formation of black holes in particle detectors.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, Proceedings of `Symmetries in Science', July 19-24, 2009 at Kloster Mehrerau, Bregenz, Austria - Updated reference list and modified conclusion, version accepted for publication
Theoretical analysis of glide-Z_2 magnetic topological photonic crystals
Creators: name: Kim, Heejae
name: Cheng, Hengbin
name: Lu, Ling
name: Murakami, Shuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gapped systems with glide symmetry can be characterized by a Z_2 topological invariant. We study the magnetic photonic crystal with a gap between the second and third lowest bands, which is characterized by the nontrivial glide-Z_2 topological invariant that can be determined by symmetry-based indicators. We show that under the space group No. 230 (Ia-3d), the topological invariant is equal to half of the number of photonic bands below the gap, and therefore, the band gap between the second and third lowest bands is always topologically nontrivial, and to realize the topological phase, we need to open a gap for the Dirac point at the P point by breaking time-reversal symmetry. With staggered magnetization, the photonic bands are gapped, and the photonic crystal becomes topological, whereas with uniform magnetization, a gap does not open, which can be attributed to the minimal band connectivity exceeding two in this case. By introducing the notion of Wyckoff positions, we show how the topological characteristics are determined from the structure of the photonic crystals.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures. Supplemental Document is in the "ancillary files". To appear in Optics Express
Toric moment mappings and Riemannian structures
Creators: name: Mihaylov, Georgi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53B20, 53C15, 17B08, 14M25, 37J10

description: Coadjoint orbits for the group SO(6) parametrize Riemannian G-reductions in six dimensions, and we use this correspondence to interpret symplectic fibrations between these orbits, and to analyse moment polytopes associated to the standard Hamiltonian torus action on the coadjoint orbits. The theory is then applied to describe so-called intrinsic torsion varieties of Riemannian structures on the Iwasawa manifold.
description: 25 pages, 14 figures; Geometriae Dedicata 2012, Toric moment mappings and Riemannian structures, available at http://www.springerlink.com/content/yn86k22mv18p8ku2/
Hot hadron-quark mixed phase including hyperons
Creators: name: Yasutake, Nobutoshi
name: Maruyama, Toshiki
name: Tatsumi, Toshitaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the hadron-quark phase transition with the finite size effects at finite temperature. For the hadron phase, we adopt a realistic equation of state in the framework of the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock theory including hyperons. The properties of the mixed phase are clarified by considering the finite size effects under the Gibbs conditions. We find that the equation of state becomes softer than that at zero-temperature for some density region. We also find that the equation of state gets closer to that given by the Maxwell construction. Moreover, the number of hyperons is suppressed by the presence of quarks. These are characteristic features of the hadron-quark mixed phase, and should be important for many astrophysical phenomena such as mergers of binary neutron stars.
description: 8 pages, 13 figures. accepted to Phys. Rev. D
Estimating infectious disease parameters from data on social contacts and serological status
Creators: name: Goeyvaerts, Nele
name: Hens, Niel
name: Ogunjimi, Benson
name: Aerts, Marc
name: Shkedy, Ziv
name: Van Damme, Pierre
name: Beutels, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In dynamic models of infectious disease transmission, typically various mixing patterns are imposed on the so-called Who-Acquires-Infection-From-Whom matrix (WAIFW). These imposed mixing patterns are based on prior knowledge of age-related social mixing behavior rather than observations. Alternatively, one can assume that transmission rates for infections transmitted predominantly through non-sexual social contacts, are proportional to rates of conversational contact which can be estimated from a contact survey. In general, however, contacts reported in social contact surveys are proxies of those events by which transmission may occur and there may exist age-specific characteristics related to susceptibility and infectiousness which are not captured by the contact rates. Therefore, in this paper, transmission is modeled as the product of two age-specific variables: the age-specific contact rate and an age-specific proportionality factor, which entails an improvement of fit for the seroprevalence of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in Belgium. Furthermore, we address the impact on the estimation of the basic reproduction number, using non-parametric bootstrapping to account for different sources of variability and using multi-model inference to deal with model selection uncertainty. The proposed method makes it possible to obtain important information on transmission dynamics that cannot be inferred from approaches traditionally applied hitherto.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures
Speaking Through Grey Area: The Inter World War Writings of T.S. Eliot and Dorothy L. Sayers
Creators: name: Oliver, Hannah a.m.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 47
subject: Language, communication and culture
classificationCode: 4705
subject: Literary studies

description: The goal of this project is to investigate the relationship of 1930's British modernism and the popular return to classical western traditions. The project of modernism had many variants depending on the practitioner and a broader reach than the avant-garde realm we have placed it in to allow post-modernism to grow in linear success from modernism. During its time of composition, modernist work was being created in reaction to a period of radical uncertainty. The goal of this essay is not refutation of high modernism, or to idealize the dreaming spires of Oxford, but to bring the conversation between the two as it existed between them at the time. By examining key works of T.S. Eliot and Dorothy L. Sayers we can begin to see where these classical ideals occur and begin building an argument as to why in this era of turmoil perceived by scholars as defeatist, projects of hope and cyclic history flourished.
Speaking Through Grey Area: The Inter World War Writings of T.S. Eliot and Dorothy L. Sayers
Creators: name: Oliver, Hannah a.m.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The goal of this project is to investigate the relationship of 1930's British modernism and the popular return to classical western traditions. The project of modernism had many variants depending on the practitioner and a broader reach than the avant-garde realm we have placed it in to allow post-modernism to grow in linear success from modernism. During its time of composition, modernist work was being created in reaction to a period of radical uncertainty. The goal of this essay is not refutation of high modernism, or to idealize the dreaming spires of Oxford, but to bring the conversation between the two as it existed between them at the time. By examining key works of T.S. Eliot and Dorothy L. Sayers we can begin to see where these classical ideals occur and begin building an argument as to why in this era of turmoil perceived by scholars as defeatist, projects of hope and cyclic history flourished.
Convolution and deconvolution based estimates of galaxy scaling relations from photometric redshift surveys
Creators: name: Sheth, Ravi K.
name: Rossi, Graziano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In addition to the maximum likelihood approach, there are two other methods which are commonly used to reconstruct the true redshift distribution from photometric redshift datasets: one uses a deconvolution method, and the other a convolution. We show how these two techniques are related, and how this relationship can be extended to include the study of galaxy scaling relations in photometric datasets. We then show what additional information photometric redshift algorithms must output so that they too can be used to study galaxy scaling relations, rather than just redshift distributions. We also argue that the convolution based approach may permit a more efficient selection of the objects for which calibration spectra are required.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS; v2 includes a new section and other minor changes
LICHEE: Improving Language Model Pre-training with Multi-grained Tokenization
Creators: name: Guo, Weidong
name: Zhao, Mingjun
name: Zhang, Lusheng
name: Niu, Di
name: Luo, Jinwen
name: Liu, Zhenhua
name: Li, Zhenyang
name: Tang, Jianbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Language model pre-training based on large corpora has achieved tremendous success in terms of constructing enriched contextual representations and has led to significant performance gains on a diverse range of Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks. Despite the success, most current pre-trained language models, such as BERT, are trained based on single-grained tokenization, usually with fine-grained characters or sub-words, making it hard for them to learn the precise meaning of coarse-grained words and phrases. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective pre-training method named LICHEE to efficiently incorporate multi-grained information of input text. Our method can be applied to various pre-trained language models and improve their representation capability. Extensive experiments conducted on CLUE and SuperGLUE demonstrate that our method achieves comprehensive improvements on a wide variety of NLU tasks in both Chinese and English with little extra inference cost incurred, and that our best ensemble model achieves the state-of-the-art performance on CLUE benchmark competition.
description: Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021
Global Coronal Equilibria with Solar Wind Outflow
Creators: name: Rice, Oliver E. K.
name: Yeates, Anthony R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given a known radial magnetic field distribution on the Sun's photospheric surface, there exist well-established methods for computing a potential magnetic field in the corona above. Such potential fields are routinely used as input to solar wind models, and to initialize magneto-frictional or full magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the coronal and heliospheric magnetic fields. We describe an improved magnetic field model which calculates a magneto-frictional equilibrium with an imposed solar wind profile (which can be Parker's solar wind solution, or any reasonable equivalent). These `outflow fields' appear to approximate the real coronal magnetic field more closely than a potential field, take a similar time to compute, and avoid the need to impose an artificial source surface. Thus they provide a practical alternative to the potential field model for initializing time-evolving simulations or modeling the heliospheric magnetic field. We give an open-source Python implementation in spherical coordinates and apply the model to data from Solar Cycle 24. The outflow tends to increase the open magnetic flux compared to the potential field model, reducing the well known discrepancy with in situ observations.
description: 16 Pages, 6 Figures. To be published in the Astrophysical Journal (accepted 1/10/21)
Il vaglio di ammissibilità dei ricorsi avanti alla Corte di Cassazione francese: premesse per uno studio comparato
Creators: name: Bagnara, Giuliana <1981>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: IUS/15 Diritto processuale civile

description: Oggetto dell’elaborato è il vaglio di ammissibilità dei ricorsi in materia civile avanti alla Corte di cassazione francese. 
Il primo dei tre capitoli ha ad oggetto alcuni aspetti storici ed ordinamentali ritenuti essenziali per una migliore comprensione del giudizio civile di cassation: dalle origini storiche della Corte di cassazione, alle funzioni attualmente attribuite alla Cour de cassation, sino alla presentazione dei membri che la compongono e delle differenti formazioni, non solo giudicanti, nelle quali può riunirsi; in tale capitolo trova, altresì, spazio una rassegna delle riforme che si sono susseguite negli ultimi decenni, volte, in maniera più o meno diretta, a contrastare il sovraccarico di ricorsi che affliggeva la S.C. francese ed a rafforzarne la funzione nomofilattica.
Il secondo capitolo è interamente dedicato all’analisi della disciplina del processo civile avanti alla Cour de cassation. Dopo aver affrontato la questione della classificazione del mezzo di impugnazione, vengono illustrati i caratteri tradizionalmente attribuiti al pourvoi en cassation (assenza di effetto devolutivo e di effetto sospensivo), nonché la c.d. ouverture del ricorso, ossia le condizioni di ammissibilità dello stesso; sono, infine, descritti le fasi in cui si svolge il giudizio e l’esito del procedimento.
L’attenzione si rivolge, nel terzo capitolo, a quel peculiare momento del giudizio rappresentato dal vaglio preliminare di ammissibilità del ricorso. Dopo un breve excursus storico, la tesi si sofferma sulla disciplina odierna, trattando, in particolare, i criteri offerti alle formazioni ridotte per la valutazione di ammissibilità del pourvoi; le peculiarità del procedimento volto alla dichiarazione di non-admission del ricorso; la natura, il contenuto e gli effetti della decisione della formation restreinte. Particolare attenzione è prestata, in tale capitolo, alle prassi applicative che integrano la scarna disciplina dell’istituto ed alla compatibilità del vaglio preliminare con la Convenzione Europea dei Diritti dell’Uomo.
Synchronizing two superconducting qubits through a dissipating resonator
Creators: name: Militello, B.
name: Napoli, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A system consisting of two qubits and a resonator is considered in the presence of different sources of noise, bringing to light the possibility for making the two qubits evolve in a synchronized way. A direct qubit-qubit interaction turns out to be a crucial ingredient as well as dissipation processes involving the resonator. The detrimental role of local dephasing of the qubits is also taken into account.
Model of interacting dark energy in five-dimensional brane cosmology
Creators: name: Jamil, Mubasher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We here investigate the model of interacting dark energy in the context of five dimensional brane cosmology. The effective equations of state of dark energy are evaluated for various choices of the variable time dependent cosmological constant. We have found that the interacting dark energy obeys the phantom divide/crossing scenario in this generalized model. It is also shown that interacting dark energy in this generalized model also resolves the cosmic coincidence problem.
description: An abridged version of this article appeared in the Proceedings of the Twelfth Marcel Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity, edited by Thibault Damour, Robert T. Jantzen and Remo Ruffini. ISBN 978-981-4374-51-4. Singapore: World Scientific, 2012, Vol.1, p. 1299