cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
B’More healthy: retail rewards - design of a multi-level communications and pricing intervention to improve the food environment in Baltimore City
Creators: name: Katz, Fred A.
name: Gittelsohn, Joel
name: Cuccia, Alison
name: Budd, Nadine
name: Prasad, Divya
name: Powell, Lisa
name: Jeffries, Jayne K.
name: Frick, Kevin D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundLow-income black residents of Baltimore City have disproportionately higher rates of obesity and chronic disease than other Maryland residents. Increasing the availability and affordability of healthy food are key strategies to improve the food environment and can lead to healthier diets. This paper describes B’More Healthy: Retail Rewards (BHRR), an intervention that tests the effectiveness of performance-based pricing discounts and health communications, separately and combined, on healthy food purchasing and consumption among low-income small store customers.Methods/designBHRR is 2x2 factorial design randomized controlled trial. Fifteen regular customers recruited from each of 24 participating corner stores in Baltimore City were enrolled. Food stores were randomized to 1) pricing intervention, 2) communications intervention, 3) combined intervention, or 4) control. Pricing stores were given a 10-30% price discount on selected healthier food items, such as fresh fruits, frozen vegetables, and baked chips, at the point of purchase from two food wholesale stores during the 6-month trial. Storeowners agreed to pass on the discount to the consumer to increase demand for healthy food. Communications stores received visual and interactive materials to promote healthy items, including signage, taste tests, and refrigerators. Primary outcome measures include consumer food purchasing and associated psychosocial variables. Secondary outcome measures include consumer food consumption, store sales, and associated storeowner psychosocial factors. Process evaluation was monitored throughout the trial at wholesaler, small store, and consumer levels.DiscussionThis is the first study to test the impact of performance-based pricing and communications incentives in small food stores, an innovative strategy to encourage local wholesalers and storeowners to share responsibility in creating a healthier food supply by stocking, promoting, and reducing costs of healthier foods in their stores. Local food wholesalers were involved in a top-down, participatory approach to develop and implement an effective and sustainable program. This study will provide evidence on the effectiveness of price incentives and health communications, separately and combined, among a low-income urban U.S. population.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02279849 (2/18/2014).
Development of novel in situ techniques for material and behavioural investigations into lead-acid batteries
Creators: name: Stone, Chad
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: The research introduces innovative methods for real-time, in situ analysis of lead-acid battery materials, addressing a significant gap in current methodologies. New techniques were developed, including a design for synchrotron X-ray imaging, a non-invasive approach for measuring electrolyte composition using Raman spectroscopy, and a model for understanding flow cell dynamics. These advancements offer significant potential for enhancing battery performance and could be adapted to other electrochemical systems, benefiting a wide range of energy storage technologies.
Blended Learning: Architectural Design Studio Experiences Using Housing in Istanbul
Creators: name: Alkiser Bregger, Yasemin
Publisher: name: Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education
Year: 2017

description: This paper presents how a blended learning pedagogic model is integrated into an architectural design studio for housing in the Faculty of Architecture in Istanbul Technical University adapting the problem-based learning process. Fall 2015 and spring 2016 semester architectural design studios for fourth and sixth level undergraduate students in the ITU Faculty of Architecture were dedicated to housing issues. These studios collaborated with “Introduction to Housing” workspace in the EU OIKONET project. Integration of a blended learning pedagogic model into problem-based studio courses and its improvement in collaboration with the OIKONET platform over a year are also evaluated through the content of ITU design studios. Keywords: blended learning, problem-based learning, architectural design studio experience, housing, OIKONET.
description: Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education, Vol 5 No 1 (2017): Special issue: Blended Learning in Architecture and Design Education
Witten Diagrams Revisited: The AdS Geometry of Conformal Blocks
Creators: name: Hijano, Eliot
name: Kraus, Per
name: Perlmutter, Eric
name: Snively, River
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a new method for decomposing Witten diagrams into conformal blocks. The steps involved are elementary, requiring no explicit integration, and operate directly in position space. Central to this construction is an appealingly simple answer to the question: what object in AdS computes a conformal block? The answer is a "geodesic Witten diagram," which is essentially an ordinary exchange Witten diagram, except that the cubic vertices are not integrated over all of AdS, but only over bulk geodesics connecting the boundary operators. In particular, we consider the case of four-point functions of scalar operators, and show how to easily reproduce existing results for the relevant conformal blocks in arbitrary dimension.
description: 54 pages + refs
Protocol for a cluster-randomised trial to determine the effects of advocacy actions on the salt content of processed foods
Creators: name: Wu, Jason H.Y.
name: Neal, Bruce
name: Thow, Anne Marie
name: Trevena, Helen
name: Dunford, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundCorporate decisions affecting the composition of processed foods are a potent factor shaping the nutritional quality of the food supply. The addition of large quantities of salt to foods is incompatible with Australian Dietary Guidelines and the reformulation of processed foods to have less salt is a focus of non-governmental organisations (NGOs). There is evidence that advocacy can influence corporate behaviour but there are few data to define the effects of NGOs working in the food space. The aim of this study is to quantify the effects of advocacy delivered by a local NGO on the salt content of food products produced or marketed by companies in Australia.Methods/DesignThis is a cluster-randomised controlled trial that will be done in Australia from 2013 to 2015 which includes 45 food companies. The 23 companies in the control group will receive no specific intervention whilst the 22 companies in the intervention group will receive an advocacy program based upon an established theory of change model. The primary outcome will be the mean change in sodium content (mg/100g) of processed foods produced or marketed by intervention compared to control companies assessed at 24months. Interim outcomes (statements of support, published nutrition policies, level of engagement, knowledge and use of technology to reduce salt, salt reduction plans, and support for national initiatives) will also be assessed and a qualitative evaluation will provide more detailed insight.DiscussionThis novel study will provide robust randomised evidence about the effects of advocacy on food company behaviour and the quality of the processed food supply. A finding of improved food company behaviour will highlight the potential for greater investment in advocacy whilst the opposite result will reinforce the importance of government-led initiatives for the improvement of the food supply.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02373423. 26/02/2015Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2743-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Bringing the classroom into the world: three Australian cases of designing mobile technology to support blended learning for the built and landscaped environment
Creators: name: Smith, Wally Michael
name: Lewi, Hannah
name: Saniga, Andrew
name: Stickells, Lee
name: Constantinidis, Dora
Publisher: name: Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education
Year: 2017

description: We describe and reflect on three case studies of developing fieldwork for tertiary students of architectural history, landscape history and urban design. In each case, the potential of blended learning was explored through the use of mobile technology to explore designated sites as extensions of class-based learning. Two studies involved the development of apps that worked as guides for students to explore places of significance in Melbourne, while one study invited students to develop a design for a mobile app that could communicate the influence of urban design thinkers on a particular place in Sydney. We describe how these three exercises provide insights into the way that mobile technology, both real and imagined, can provide a conduit between classroom and field learning. Equally significant, we reflect on how the process of designing the apps became one of extended co-creation between student, tutors and teaching staff, also with consequence for learning.
description: Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education, Vol 5 No 1 (2017): Special issue: Blended Learning in Architecture and Design Education
$(C_α,C_β)$-admissible functions in quasi-pseudometric type spaces
Creators: name: Gaba, Yaé Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article, we give some fixed point results in left $K$-complete quasi-pseudometric type spaces for self-mappings that are $(C_α,C_β)$-admissible.
description: The published version of this paper is available on the journal page http://www.naturalspublishing.com/ContIss.asp?IssID=241
Vijana Vijiweni II: A cluster-randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of a microfinance and peer health leadership intervention for HIV and intimate partner violence prevention among social networks of young men in Dar es Salaam Global health
Creators: name: Leatherman, Sheila
name: Kajuna, Deus
name: Singh, Basant
name: Conserve, Donaldson
name: Maman, Suzanne
name: Mulawa, Marta
name: Mwikoko, Gema
name: Kajula, Lusajo
name: Reyes, Heathe Luz Mc Naughton
name: Hill, Lauren
name: Balvanz, Peter
name: Kilonzo, Mrema Noel
name: Yamanis, Thespina
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, remain important public health problems with devastating health effects for men and women in sub-Saharan Africa. There have been calls to engage men in prevention efforts, however, we lack effective approaches to reach and engage them. Social network approaches have demonstrated effective and sustained outcomes on changing risk behaviors in the U.S. Our team has identified and engaged naturally occurring social networks comprised mostly of young men in Dar es Salaam in an intervention designed to jointly reduce STI incidence and the perpetration of IPV. These stable networks are locally referred to as “camps.” In a pilot study we demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of a combined microfinance and peer health leadership intervention within these camp-based peer networks.Methods designWe are implementing a cluster-randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of an intervention combining microfinance with health leadership training in 60 camps in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Half of the camps have been randomized to the intervention arm, and half to a control arm. The camps in the intervention arm will receive a combined microfinance and health leadership intervention for a period of two years. The camps in the control arm will receive a delayed intervention. We have enrolled 1,258 men across the 60 study camps. Behavioral surveys will be conducted at baseline, 12-months post intervention launch and 30-month post intervention launch and biological samples will be drawn to test for Neisseria gonorrhea (NG), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) at baseline and 30-months. The primary endpoints for assessing intervention impact are IPV perpetration and STI incidence.DiscussionThis is the first cluster-randomized trial targeting social networks of men in sub-Saharan Africa that jointly addresses HIV and IPV perpetration and has both biological and behavioral endpoints. Effective approaches to engage men in HIV and IPV prevention are needed in low resource, high prevalence settings like Tanzania. If we determine that this approach is effective, we will examine how to adapt and scale up this approach to other urban, sub-Saharan African settings.Trial registrationClinical Trials.gov: NCT01865383. Registration date: May 24, 2013.
A canine-specific anti-nerve growth factor antibody alleviates pain and improves mobility and function in dogs with degenerative joint disease-associated pain
Creators: name: Gearing, David P.
name: Case, Beth
name: Knazovicky, David
name: Innes, John F.
name: Drew, Alexander C.
name: Lascelles, B. Duncan
name: Freire, Mila
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundThere is a critical need for proven drugs other than non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for treatment of degenerative joint disease (DJD) pain in dogs. Antibodies against nerve growth factor (NGF) are analgesic in rodent models and in humans with DJD. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel caninised anti-NGF antibody (NV-01) for the treatment of DJD pain in dogs. In a randomized, parallel group, stratified, double masked, placebo controlled, proof of principle clinical pilot study design, 26 dogs with DJD received NV-01 (200 mcg/kg IV) or placebo on day 0 (D0). In addition to objective accelerometry measures, owners completed clinical metrology instruments (Client-Specific Outcome Measures [CSOM], Canine Brief Pain Inventory [CBPI] and Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs Index [LOAD]) on D0, D14 and D28. CBPI subscales (pain severity [PS] and pain interference [PI]), CSOM and LOAD scores were evaluated within and between groups for change over time. Recognized success/failure criteria were applied and success compared between groups.ResultsCBPI PS and PI scores significantly improved in the NV-01 group (PS: D0-14, P = 0.012 and D0-28, P = 0.019; PI: D0-14, P = 0.012 and D0-28, P = 0.032) but not in the placebo group. CSOM scores showed similar patterns with a significant difference between within-group changes at D14 and D28 (P = 0.038 and P = 0.009, respectively), and significantly more successes at D28 (P = 0.047). LOAD scores significantly improved in the NV-01 group (D0-14, P = 0.004 and D0-28, P = 0.002) but not in the placebo group. There were significant differences between the groups for change in LOAD score at D14 (P = 0.014) and D28 (P = 0.033). No side effects were noted. Activity in the NV-01 group increased over the study period compared to placebo (P = 0.063) and the difference between the groups for change in activity over the time period 9am-5pm (8 hours) was significant (P = 0.006).ConclusionsThese pilot data demonstrate a positive analgesic effect of anti-NGF antibody in dogs suffering from chronic pain. The magnitude of the effect appeared identical to that expected with an NSAID.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0413-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Synergetic electrothermal storage integrated trigeneration nanogrid
Creators: name: Kalair, Ali Raza
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Nature teaches us safe, simple and sustainable ways of life. Ancient people used mud and mortar to build homes to cope with heat waves and cold spells. A long journey from fire to wire took millenniums in discovering wood, wind, coal, oil, gas and inventing electricity. We know today, sun and earth are the ultimate sources of energy in our world. We are on learning curve to harvest natural energy resources and convert them into desired forms in an efficient manner. Our addiction to hydrocarbon honey has taken us to a point where end of oil is visible from back mirror and looming global warming is ahead in sight. Traditional refrigeration methods are being discouraged and a number of synthetic refrigerants are already banned or on time barred permission to be phased out soon eventually. It is time to stop cooling the homes by heating the planet and promote solar fueled combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) nanogrids for sustainable settlements in sunny countries. Conventional CCHP designs in industries make us of natural gas fired generators to meet demands. Proposed clean multienergy CCHP design makes use of solar thermal and photovoltaic technologies to generate and store energy to ride through the duck curve mismatch in electro-thermal nanogrids. Thermal storage for thermal demands and electrical storage for electrical demands lowers the energy conversions, improving efficiency and ability to provide sufficient energy during low/no generations times. The sun shorn places may choose geothermal driven CCHP nanogrids. This research covers 5 of the 17 UNDP sustainability development goals.
Evidence based management of hypertension: Using cardiovascular risk profiles to individualise hypertensive treatment
Creators: name: Mulrow, Cynthia D.
name: Pignone, Michael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: This is the fourth in a series of five articles Individual risks must be assessed in order to for the best decision to be made as to which patients to treat and how. Assessment identifies important cardiovascular risk factors that may warrant treatment and helps to establish the absolute benefits that patients can expect from particular treatments. The benefits of treating hypertensive patients also vary, depending on each patient's competing risks of dying from other than cardiovascular causes. For example, patients with multiple serious conditions, such as end stage Alzheimer's disease, obstructive lung disease, frequent falls, gout, and urinary incontinence, have high competing risks that may minimise or negate the benefits of treating their hypertension. #### Summary points Several treatment options reduce risk of cardiovascular disease and improve outcomes in patients with hypertension Providers should consider the expected benefits and potential adverse effects of different treatment options and discuss them with patients The use of decision tools may help decision making about options for reducing cardiovascular risk Establishing treatment priorities for patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors and multiple conditions is difficult. Factors such as those given in the box deserve consideration. Knowing and weighing up multiple risk factors, conditions, and treatments is difficult. Explaining them to patients is daunting and time consuming. Some patients prefer to be told what to do rather than to have to take in the diverse, complicated information necessary to make their …
The calculated rovibronic spectrum of scandium hydride, ScH
Creators: name: Lodi, Lorenzo
name: Yurchenko, Sergei N.
name: Tennyson\, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic structure of six low-lying electronic states of scandium hydride, $X\,{}^{1}Σ^+$, $a\,{}^{3}Δ$, $b\,{}^{3}Π$, $A\,{}^{1}Δ$ $c\,{}^{3}Σ^+$, and $B\,{}^{1}Π$, is studied using multi-reference configuration interaction as a function of bond length. Diagonal and off-diagonal dipole moment, spin-orbit coupling and electronic angular momentum curves are also computed. The results are benchmarked against experimental measurements and calculations on atomic scandium. The resulting curves are used to compute a line list of molecular ro-vibronic transitions for $^{45}$ScH.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures, 9 tables In press
Semisimplicity of Hecke and (walled) Brauer algebras
Creators: name: Andersen, Henning Haahr
name: Stroppel, Catharina
name: Tubbenhauer, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show how to use Jantzen's sum formula for Weyl modules to prove semisimplicity criteria for endomorphism algebras of $\textbf{U}_q$-tilting modules (for any field $\mathbb{K}$ and any parameter $q\in\mathbb{K}-\{0,-1\}$). As an application, we recover the semisimplicity criteria for the Hecke algebras of types $\textbf{A}$ and $\textbf{B}$, the walled Brauer algebras and the Brauer algebras from our more general approach.
description: 38 pages, lots of figures, revised version (e.g. added suggestions of a referee), to appear in J. Aust. Math. Soc., comments welcome
Assessing the importance of artificial canopy bridge design for Costa Rican monkeys in an experimental setting
Creators: name: Narváez-Rivera, Giselle M.
name: Lindshield, Stacy M.
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2022
Subjects: Ecology not elsewhere classified

description: Although artificial crossing structures are increasingly implemented by conservationists and wildlife managers to connect fragmented wildlife habitat, the study of artificial crossing structure design, particularly of canopy bridges, is an emerging field of study in primatology. We address this issue by evaluating five competing bridge models with varying width, material stiffness, and substrate spacing. We assessed bridge preference and performance by sampling the behavior of three species of Costa Rican monkeys (Alouatta palliata: n = 4, Ateles geoffroyi: n = 3, Cebus imitator: n = 3). In a semi-wild setting, we used focal individual sampling with instantaneous recording once every minute for ten-minute intervals and all occurrences sampling whenever study subjects used the bridge. We hypothesized that monkeys prefer bridges that are more stable, and that are made of materials that resemble tree branches. During nearly 37 sampling hours we observed 119 crossing events. We found that study subjects prefer bridge models that are built using more rigid materials, such as the bamboo pole bridge, or wider bridges that offer more stability than narrower bridges. The bridge type and the materials used to build the bridges are both significant predictors of bridge use. While preference for bridges and their performance varies by species, the bamboo pole bridge model and the horizontal mesh bridge were preferred and performed best in our study. The simple liana bridge model was the least preferred by all species and performed poorly in comparison to the other models. Our findings will help us better understand how design and materials impact the use of canopy bridges by monkeys, which can help improve biological corridors and offer new information for the management and conservation of primates living near infrastructure corridors and other kinds of dangerous matrix.
Components of placebo effect: randomised controlled trial in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Creators: name: Kirsch, Irving
name: Schyner, Rosa N.
name: Rivers, Andrea L.
name: Nguyen, Long T.
name: Park, Min
name: Goldman, Peter
name: Davis, Roger B.
name: Kokkotou, Efi
name: Kerr, Catherine E.
name: Jacobson, Eric E.
name: Lembo, Anthony J.
name: McManus, Claire
name: Kelley, John M.
name: Kaptchuk, Ted J.
name: Conboy, Lisa A.
name: Bong, Hyun Nam
name: Drossman, Douglas A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Objective To investigate whether placebo effects can experimentally be separated into the response to three components—assessment and observation, a therapeutic ritual (placebo treatment), and a supportive patient-practitioner relationship—and then progressively combined to produce incremental clinical improvement in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. To assess the relative magnitude of these components.
Engineering Laboratory Experiments – a Typology
Creators: name: Zwart, Sjoerd
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: With the introduction of large commercial industrial laboratories at the end of the nineteenth century, many types of experiments were institutionalized that do not aim at testing hypotheses. This paper builds a typology of experiments in techno-science, by analysing more than two hundred and fifty real-life technical projects. This resulted in four testing types (tests of hypotheses, of designs, of means-end knowledge, and of models or software), three determining types (developing working principles, preferred actions, and determining values of variables or relationships between variables) and one trial-and-error type of pure exploration. The typology is developed by working back and forth between thick descriptions of the experiments including their goals, and the development of six criteria of differentiation, to wit: determining versus testing; measurement scales of (in)dependent variables; intrinsic versus instrumental value of the outcomes; proximate function of the outcome; distant role of the outcome in the embedded project; the descriptive or normative character of the proximate or distant outcomes. The typology opens up inspiring methodological and philosophical research questions.
Empirical evidence of bias in treatment effect estimates in controlled trials with different interventions and outcomes: meta-epidemiological study
Creators: name: Gluud, Christian
name: Wood, Anthony J.G.
name: Jüni, Peter
name: Wood, Lesley
name: Altman, Douglas G.
name: Schulz, Kenneth F.
name: Gluud, Lise Lotte
name: Martin, Richard M.
name: Egger, Matthias
name: Sterne, Jonathan A.C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Objective To examine whether the association of inadequate or unclear allocation concealment and lack of blinding with biased estimates of intervention effects varies with the nature of the intervention or outcome.
Quark Spin in Proton from Anomalous Ward Indentity
Creators: name: Yang, Yi-Bo
name: Gong, Ming
name: Liu, Keh-Fei
name: Sun, Mingyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a quark spin calculation from the anomalous Ward identity with overlap fermions on 2+1 flavor dynamical fermion configurations with light sea quark masses. Such a formulation decomposes the divergence of the flavor-singlet axial-vector current into a quark pseudoscalar term and a triangle anomaly term, flavor by flavor. A large negative contribution from the anomaly term is observed and it is canceled within errors by the contribution from the pseudoscalar term in the disconnected insertion in the heavy quark region. On the other hand, net negative contributions are obtained for the light and strange quarks in the disconnected insertion, since their quark pseudoscalar terms are smaller than that of the heavy quark. Our results are obtained from the 2+1 flavor domain wall fermion configurations on the 24^3*64 lattice with a-1 = 1.78(5) GeV and the light sea quark at m_π = 330 MeV. We use the overlap fermion for the valence and the quark loop so that the renormalization constants Z_m and Z_P cancel in the pseudoscalar operator 2mP. In addition, the overlap Dirac operator is used to calculate the local topological charge in the anomaly so that there is no renormalization for the anomaly term either. In this study, we find the total quark spin to be small mainlyly due to the large negative anomaly term which could be the source for the 'proton spin crisis'.
description: Talk presented at the 32nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, 23-28 June, 2014, Columbia University New York, NY. 7 pages, 4 figures
Use of lipid lowering drugs for primary prevention of coronary heart disease: meta-analysis of randomised trials
Creators: name: Pignone, Michael
name: Phillips, Christopher
name: Mulrow, Cynthia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: To summarise the effect of primary prevention with lipid lowering drugs on coronary heart disease events, coronary heart disease mortality, and all cause mortality.
Essays on open and decentralized business strategies
Creators: name: Vasundhara (Ph. D. In Information, Risk, And Operations Management)
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Open-innovation
Platforms
Cryptocurrencies
Crowd-sourcing

description: This thesis comprises of three essays on the dynamics of open and decentralized business models with the objective to help businesses leverage the most out of such crowd-driven settings. In the first essay, using the context of cryptocurrencies, I assess the impact of sharing IP, i.e., adopting open innovation model, on resulting competition. Open boundaries facilitate copying (also known as forking) the codebase and creating new products, which may compete with the parents for user demand and developer attention. We find that, in spite of added advantage to the parent coins from the installed user base, parents may suffer a loss of demand in the long term due to being copied. However, by adopting a platform model it is plausible for the incumbents to address the negative effects of competition and also attract additional demand. Our results underscore the competitive dynamics of open innovation for demand and development and provide managerial insights for firms assessing open models for product development. In my second essay, again using the context of cryptocurrencies, I investigate whether and how product innovation carried out on the open source platform by a decentralized community impacts users' demand and returns. Moreover, we also assess the decentralized consensus mechanisms such as Proof-of-Work (PoW) governing the production side of a majority of cryptocurrencies. The findings suggest that signals from the open setting and the decentralized consensus mechanism show a significant association with users' demand and returns. In my third essay, I assess the efficacy of a decentralized strategy for content moderation to curb the spread of misinformation. I propose and analyze a crowd-based content moderation approach to fight the spread of misinformation, where users can flag posts they perceive as misinformation, and where such flags become visible cues to other users, and influence their own moderation and sharing decisions. I create a social media application to conduct a randomized controlled experiment, showing users several posts along with social cues such as flags and shares. The results suggest that false posts are more likely to be flagged and less likely to be shared in presence of other's flags. Further, I find that this approach is less likely to affect the sharing of true information. This essay highlights a shortcoming in the current approach of platforms wherein they fail to make use of users' feedback by not sharing it with others and provides managerial guidance for fighting misinformation. Together, the three essays examine and provide managerial implications for firms considering open innovation for, or democratization of, their product development.
Effective Giving: The Nature of Grant Risk in Australian Foundations
Creators: name: Archibald, Daniel
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This study explored how grant-makers experience risk in their funding decisions. It found that the ability for grantees to execute their interventions was a key concern for foundations, as well as the foundation's own ability to reliably evaluate the drivers of success for any grant made. To mitigate the impacts of such risks, foundations utilise a number of techniques, including information verification, staged funding and funding flexibility. Herein, the study highlighted key themes of informational deficiencies and an increasing role of foundations in solving society's problems. The study has developed a useful framework that matches foundation characteristics with grant risk management considerations, which can provide grant-makers with tools to lift confidence in their funding decisions.
English Summaries
Creators: name: Bloor, Ivor
name: Cole, Philip
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2022

description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Vol. 55 No. 3 (2014): Burgen und Schlösser. Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
A Centrifugal Fan Test Bench for Validation Data at Off-Design Conditions
Creators: name: Pritz, Balazs
name: Walter, Johannes
name: Gabi, Martin
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2018

description: Nowadays with eco directives becoming more strictly the efficiency improvement of turbomachinery is getting more important than ever. Relieving experimental investigations computational fluid dynamics (CFD) could be the major tool to optimize the geometry of a turbomachinery, as it can provide a detailed insight into the flow within the impeller. In order to have reliable results from CFD simulations a validation of the acquired simulation tool and the composed numerical model is crucial. Especially in off-design conditions it is very challenging for CFD to predict strongly whirling, highly unsteady flow fields correctly. In the present paper the construction of a test bench for a centrifugal fan with spiral casing is described and the first results are presented. The main goal in constructing the test case is to provide extensive validation data not only in the design operation point but for off-design conditions also. The geometry was designed based on classical design guidelines. It is close to industrial centrifugal fans however an additional aim was, to provide a geometry which allows an acceptable mesh generation effort and high mesh quality. Due to the rotational periodicity of axial and radial fans without casing, those types can be calculated by regarding only a single blade passage, which decreases the number of required cells and hence the necessary computational power. For centrifugal fans with spiral casing this simplification is not suitable and this construct induces additional issues as pressure pulsation, acoustics, pulsating radial force, periodic load of vanes etc. The present test case should provide availability to investigate such phenomena also. The characteristic and the efficiency curve of the fan are measured with standardized methods. Beyond this “Particle Image Velocimetry” (PIV) is chosen to measure the flow field within the blade channels and the spiral casing, as well, in several different positions relative to the corner (“tongue”). For the optical accessibility the hub of the impeller and the main parts of the casing are made out of acrylic glass. In order to keep the seeding particles within the system a closed loop test rig is constructed. The inlet section of the fan was designed to get well defined inlet conditions for the numerical simulation. The first investigations were carried out at a rotational speed of 600 rpm, and compared with results from CFD. These results are presented and discussed in the present paper. Further investigations will be performed at higher rotational speed.
A SOCIO-COGNITIVE APPROACH TO KNOWLEDGE CONSTRUCTION THROUGH BLENDED LEARNING
Creators: name: Kocaturk, Tuba
Publisher: name: Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education
Year: 2017

description: This paper results from an educational research project that was undertaken by the School of Architecture, at the University of Liverpool funded by the Higher Education Academy in UK. The research explored technology driven shifts in architectural design studio education, identified their cognitive effects on design learning and developed an innovative blended learning approach that was implemented at a masters level digital design studio. The contribution of the research and the proposed approach to the existing knowledge and practice are twofold. Firstly, it offers a new pedagogical framework which integrates social, technical and cognitive dimensions of knowledge construction. And secondly, it offers a unique operational model through the integration of both mediational and instrumental use of digital media. The proposed model provides a useful basis for the effective mobilization of next generation learning technologies which can effectively respond to the learning challenges specific to architectural design knowledge and its means of creation.
description: Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education, Vol 5 No 1 (2017): Special issue: Blended Learning in Architecture and Design Education
How long after a miscarriage should women wait before becoming pregnant again? Multivariate analysis of cohort data from Matlab, Bangladesh
Creators: name: Hale, Lauren
name: Rahman, Mizanur
name: DaVanzo, Julie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: ObjectiveTo determine the optimum interpregnancy interval (IPI) following a miscarriage.DesignMultivariate analysis of population-based, prospective data from a demographic surveillance system.SettingPregnancies in Matlab, Bangladesh, between 1977 and 2008.Participants9214 women with 10 453 pregnancies that ended in a miscarriage and were followed by another pregnancy outcome.Main outcome measuresOutcome of pregnancy following the miscarriage was singleton live birth, stillbirth, miscarriage or induced abortion. For pregnancies that ended in live birth: early neonatal, late neonatal and postneonatal mortality.ResultsCompared with IPIs of 6–12 months, pregnancies that were conceived ≤3 months after a miscarriage were more likely to result in a live birth and less likely to result in a miscarriage (adjusted relative risk ratio (RRR) 0.70, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.86) or induced abortion (0.50, 0.29 to 0.89). Induced abortions were significantly more likely following IPIs of 18–24 months (2.36, 1.48 to 3.76), 36–48 months (2.73, 1.50 to 4.94), and >48 months (3.32, 1.68 to 2.95), and miscarriages were more likely following IPIs of 12–17 months (1.25, 1.01 to 1.56) and >48 months (1.90, 1.40 to 2.58). No significant effects of IPI duration are seen on the risks of a stillbirth. However, IPIs≤3 months following a miscarriage are associated with significantly higher late neonatal mortality for the infant born at the end of the IPI (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.74, 1.06 to 2.84), and IPIs of 12–18 months are associated with a significantly lower unadjusted risk of postneonatal mortality (0.54, 0.30 to 0.96).ConclusionsThe shorter the IPI following a miscarriage, the more likely the subsequent pregnancy is to result in a live birth. However, very short IPIs may not be advisable following miscarriages in poor countries like Bangladesh because they are associated with a higher risk of mortality for the infants born after them.
Cross-Cultural Adaptations of Post-War American Literature in Post-1990s Iranian Cinema
Creators: name: Diba, Reihaneh
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: The thesis explores Iranian film adaptations inspired by post-war American literature, such as Pari (based on J. D. Salinger’s Franny and Zooey), The Stranger (based on Tennessee Williams’s A Streetcar Named Desire), and The Salesman (based on Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman). Using a sociological approach, it examines how contextual elements such as censorship, gender roles, and social class have influenced thematic resonances between post-war American literature and post-90s Iranian film adaptations. This research contributes to adaptation studies by focusing on sociological influences behind the adaptations, offering new insights into how political and cultural contexts affect film adaptations.
Obstructive airway disease and edentulism in the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study
Creators: name: Loewy, Zvi G.
name: Suruki, Robert Y.
name: Barros, Silvana P.
name: Beck, James D.
name: Offenbacher, Steven
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: ObjectivesWe examined the potential association between prior chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and edentulism, and whether the association varied by COPD severity using data from the Dental Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.DesignCross-sectional.SettingCommunity dwelling subjects from four US communities.Participants and measurementsCases were identified as edentulous (without teeth) and subjects with one or more natural teeth were identified as dentate. COPD cases were defined by spirometry measurements that showed the ratio of forced expiratory volume (1 s) to vital capacity to be less than 0.7. The severity of COPD cases was also determined using a modified Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease classification criteria (GOLD stage I–IV). Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association between COPD and edentulism, while adjusting for age, gender, centre/race, ethnicity, education level, income, diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease and congestive heart failure, body mass index, smoking, smokeless tobacco use and alcohol consumption.Results13 465 participants were included in this analysis (2087 edentulous; 11 378 dentate). Approximately 28.3% of edentulous participants had prior COPD compared with 19.6% among dentate participants (p<0.0001). After adjustment for potential confounders, we observed a 1.3 (1.08 to 1.62) and 2.5 (1.68 to 3.63) fold increased risk of edentulism among GOLD II and GOLD III/IV COPD, respectively, as compared with the non-COPD/dentate referent. Given the short period of time between the measurements of COPD (visit 2) and dentate status (visit 4) relative to the natural history of both diseases, neither temporality nor insight as to the directionality of the association can be ascertained.ConclusionsWe found a statistically significant association between prior COPD and edentulism, with evidence of a positive incremental effect seen with increasing GOLD classification.
title: ОБОСНОВАНИЕ РАЗРАБОТКИ СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРОВАННОГО ПРОГРАММНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ОХВАТА НАСЕЛЕНИЯ АСТРАХАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ ФЛЮОРОГРАФИЧЕСКИМ ОБСЛЕДОВАНИЕМ
Creators: name: Акишкин, Виктор Георгиевич
name: Гузий, Алиса Игоревна
name: Сайфулин, Марат Хафисович
Publisher: name: Астраханский государственный медицинский университет
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Clinical medicine
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Цель исследования: определение необходимости разработки специализированного ПО для создания единой информационной системы противотуберкулезной службы области в целях повышения эффективности диагностического (флюорографического) обследования. Материалы и методы. Изучена смертность и заболеваемость туберкулезом в Астраханской области и РФ с 2016- 2020 гг.. Подробно проанализированы результаты флюорографического обследования жителей Астраханской области c 2016-2020 гг. при использовании стационарных и мобильных (на базе автомобиля) аппаратов.
MPEC 2023-T222 : 2023 TZ8
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 TZ8

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Raw annotated Immunoblots from Reprogramming of human cells to pluripotency induces CENP-A chromatin depletion
Creators: name: Milagre, Inês
name: Pereira, Carolina
name: Oliveira, Raquel A.
name: Jansen, Lars E. T.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are central to development as they are the precursors of all cell types in the embryo. Therefore, maintaining a stable karyotype is essential, both for their physiological role as well as for use in regenerative medicine. Karyotype abnormalities in PSCs in culture are common but the underlying causes remain unknown. To gain insight, we explore the composition of the centromere and kinetochore in human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Centromere function depends on CENP-A nucleosome-defined chromatin. We show that while PSCs maintain abundant pools of CENP-A, CENP-C and CENP-T, these essential centromere components are strongly reduced at stem cell centromeres. Outer kinetochore recruitment is also impaired to a lesser extent, indicating an overall weaker kinetochore while the inner centromere protein Aurora B remains unaffected. We further show that, similar to differentiated human cells, CENP-A chromatin assembly in PSCs requires transition into G1 phase. Finally, reprogramming experiments indicate that reduction of centromeric CENP-A levels is an early event during dedifferentiation, coinciding with global chromatin remodelling. Our characterization of centromeres in human stem cells suggests a possible link between impaired centromere function and stem cell aneuploidies.