cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dilatancy, Jamming, and the Physics of Granulation
Creators: name: Cates, M. E.
name: Haw, M. D.
name: Holmes, C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Granulation is a process whereby a dense colloidal suspension is converted into pasty granules (surrounded by air) by application of shear. Central to the stability of the granules is the capillary force arising from the interfacial tension between solvent and air. This force appears capable of maintaining a solvent granule in a jammed solid state, under conditions where the same amount of solvent and colloid could also exist as a flowable droplet. We argue that in the early stages of granulation the physics of dilatancy, which requires that a powder expand on shearing, is converted by capillary forces into the physics of arrest. Using a schematic model of colloidal arrest under stress, we speculate upon various jamming and granulation scenarios. Some preliminary experimental results on aspects of granulation in hard-sphere colloidal suspensions are also reported.
description: Original article intended for J Phys Cond Mat special issue on Granular Materials (M Nicodemi, Ed.)
THEY SAY THAT THEY ARE HEALTHY, BUT ARE THEY? HEALTH PERCEPTIONS IN THE U.S.
Creators: name: Ross, Kara L.
name: Amanor-Boadu, Vincent
name: Ross, Kara L.
name: Amanor-Boadu, Vincent
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Self-perception
subject: health status
subject: education
subject: ordered logit

description: Public health initiatives are the result of strategies developed to address current health issues facing a population that are posing a significant concern to the public. This concern is primarily driven by the economics of health care. The objective of this study is to provide a contemporary analysis of how socio-economic and behavioral factors influence subjective health status. By understanding how these factors influence perceived health status, we can develop successful policies and strategies to target those groups who have a gap between their perceived and real health status and significantly lower health care costs. This analysis makes use of the socio-economic and behavioral data from the 2005-2006 NHANES and an extension of the traditional economic model for ordered data. Results indicate that higher education and an individual's perceived diet quality have a significant effect on influencing an individual's health perception. Strategies to improve health status may include incorporating valid health education into the formal education system.
Adabiyotda kitobat sana'tining o'rni
Creators: name: Abrorjon Alisher o'g'li Ne'matov
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Adabiyotda har bir hodisaning o‘z taqdiri va o‘rni bo‘lgani kabi, badiiy san’atlarning ham o‘z o‘rni va taraqqiyot bosqichlari bordir. Xususan, badiiy san’atlar sohasida Sharq shoirlari butun bir mahorati va ijodiyoti bilan mehnat qilishgan, shu bilan birga amaliy va nazariy yondashmoqqa harakat qilgandir. O‘zlarining ijodiy mahorati, taassurotlarini, ekzotikasini badiiy san’atlar vositasida ifodalagan....
Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer with cavities: theory
Creators: name: Olindo, C.
name: Sagioro, M. A.
name: Monken, C. H.
name: Pádua, S.
name: Delgado, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the number of coincidences in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer exit whose arms have been supplemented with the addition of one or two optical cavities. The fourth-order correlation function at the beam-splitter exit is calculated. In the regime where the cavity length are larger than the one-photon coherence length, photon coalescence and anti-coalescence interference is observed. Feynman's path diagrams for the indistinguishable processes that lead to quantum interference are presented. As application for the Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer with two cavities, it is discussed the construction of an optical XOR gate.
Line Spectrum Representation for Vector Processes With Application to Frequency Estimation
Creators: name: Zhu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 30E05

description: A positive semidefinite Toeplitz matrix, which often arises as the finite covariance matrix of a stationary random process, can be decomposed as the sum of a nonnegative multiple of the identity corresponding to a white noise, and a singular term corresponding to a purely deterministic process. Moreover, the singular nonnegative Toeplitz matrix admits a unique characterization in terms of spectral lines which are associated to an oscillatory signal. This is the content of the famous Carathéodory-Fejér theorem. Its importance lies in the practice of extracting the signal component from noise, providing insights in modeling, filtering, and estimation. The multivariate counterpart of the theorem concerning block-Toeplitz matrices is less well understood, and in this paper, we aim to partially address this issue. To this end, we first establish an existence result of the line spectrum representation for a finite covariance multisequence of some underlying random vector field. Then, we give a sufficient condition for the uniqueness of the representation, which indeed holds true in the special case of bivariate time series. Equivalently, we obtain the Vandermonde decomposition for positive semidefinite block-Toeplitz matrices with $2\times 2$ blocks. The theory is applied to the problem of frequency estimation with two measurement channels within the recently developed framework of atomic norm minimization. It is shown that exact frequency recovery can be guaranteed in the noiseless case under suitable conditions, while in the noisy case, extensive numerical simulations are performed showing that the method performs well in a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures. To appear in Automatica
Modification systems and integration in their Chow groups
Creators: name: Aluffi, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 14C17, 14B05, 57R20, 14E15, 32S45

description: We introduce a notion of integration on the category of proper birational maps to a given variety $X$, with value in an associated Chow group. Applications include new birational invariants; comparison results for Chern classes and numbers of nonsingular birational varieties; `stringy' Chern classes of singular varieties; and a zeta function specializing to the topological zeta function. In its simplest manifestation, the integral gives a new expression for Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson classes of possibly singular varieties, placing them into a context in which a `change-of-variable' formula holds. v2: References added, and overly optimistic claims concerning non log-terminal singularities expunged.
description: 42 pages, LaTeX, 2 figures
Demand Estimation for US Apple Juice Imports: A Restricted Source Differentiated AIDS Model
Creators: name: Mekonnen, Dawit Kelemework
name: Fonsah, Esendugue Greg
name: Mekonnen, Dawit Kelemework
name: Fonsah, Esendugue Greg
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Import demand estimation
subject: apple juice
subject: RSDAIDS

description: Although this paper focuses on apple juice, a restricted version of source differentiated Almost Ideal Demand System (RSDAIDS) was used to examine U.S. import demand for fresh apple, apple juice and other processed apple. Apple imports were differentiated by type and source of origin and the RSDAIDS model was estimated after imposing the general demand restrictions of adding-up, homogeneity and slutsky symmetry. Seasonality and trend variables were also included on the model. The estimation results showed that U.S. demand for apple juice from China was price inelastic with relatively high expenditure elasticity. We believe the result partially explains why China managed to have a 60 percent import market share in the sub-market despite U.S. imposition of high duties on Chinese apple juice.
Determining Key Factors of Influence on the Profitability of Retaining Cull Cows Beyond Culling
Creators: name: Amadou, Zakou
name: Raper, Kellie Curry
name: Ward, Clement E.
name: Biermacher, Jon T.
name: Cook, Billy
name: Amadou, Zakou
name: Raper, Kellie Curry
name: Ward, Clement E.
name: Biermacher, Jon T.
name: Cook, Billy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Factors influencing the profitability of retaining and feeding cull cows beyond culling were investigated. First, a price response function is estimated using 19 years of monthly price data as reported by Agricultural Market Services (AMS). Net returns are then estimated using data from a three year cull cow feeding experiment conducted at The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation and used to examine the relative effect of various factors on net returns. Results showed the importance of average daily gain increases across feeding periods while feeding system is also an important contributing factor to net returns.
Additional file 3 of The first seven years of nationally organized helicopter emergency medical services in Finland – the data from quality registry
Creators: name: Saviluoto, Anssi
name: Björkman, Johannes
name: Olkinuora, Anna
name: Virkkunen, Ilkka
name: Kirves, Hetti
name: Setälä, Piritta
name: Pulkkinen, Ilkka
name: Laukkanen-Nevala, Päivi
name: Raatiniemi, Lasse
name: Jäntti, Helena
name: Iirola, Timo
name: Nurmi, Jouni
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Revisions to the FHDB
Uniform Detectability of Linear Time Varying Systems with Exponential Dichotomy
Creators: name: Tranninger, Markus
name: Seeber, Richard
name: Steinberger, Martin
name: Horn, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Exponential dichotomies play a central role in stability theory for dynamical systems. They allow to split the state space into two subspaces, where all trajectories in one subspace decay whereas all trajectories in the other subspace grow, uniformly and exponentially. This paper studies uniform detectability and observability notions for linear time varying systems, which admit an exponential dichotomy. The main contributions are necessary and sufficient detectability conditions for this class of systems.
Sign Language Brokering and Heritage Language Maintenance Among Hearing Children of Deaf Migrant Parents
Creators: name: Pacheco, Emily Marlene
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 470401
subject: Applied linguistics and educational linguistics

description: Where children have proficiency in the dominant societal language, but parents do not, children may act as linguistic mediators for their parents. In migration contexts, this practice is known as child language brokering. In the context of Deaf-hearing families, sign language brokering is a common practice for children of Deaf adults (Codas). While these topics have received significant separate attention, little is known about the brokering experiences of children of migrant Deaf adults (Comdas). To fill this gap and explore the language brokering experiences of Comdas, this study addresses two research questions: (1) What language brokering experiences do hearing Comdas have?; and (2) How do these experiences intersect with heritage language maintenance? Data was collected through open-ended semi-structured interviews with 10 Comdas based in the U.S. and Germany. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) guided by the research questions.It was found that sign language brokering occurs frequently both inside and outside of the home and that these brokering experiences intersect with the heritage language maintenance of Comdas. Inside the family, brokering was emotionally charged and brought about conflicting feelings of pride and burden. Outside of the home, brokering in low-stakes contexts was enjoyable, and grew Comdas’ multilingual repertoires and overall skill set. Brokering in high-stakes contexts, however, resulted in feelings of pressure, and that brokering was no longer an enjoyable task. Positive experiences of brokering in the family, and in institutional low-stakes contexts helped to promote heritage language maintenance. Comdas overcame audism through resilience and possessing a multilingual mindset.The study has implications for understanding the languaging skills Comdas develop and how migrant Deaf-hearing families can be better supported. It will also form the basis for a sociolinguistic ethnography-based PhD thesis further exploring the intersection of Comdas’ sign language brokering and heritage language maintenance experiences.
How does boiling occur in lattice Boltzmann simulations?
Creators: name: Li, Qing
name: Yu, Y.
name: Wen, Z. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method has been widely employed to simulate boiling phenomena [A. Márkus and G. Házi, Phys. Rev. E 83, 046705 (2011); Biferale et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 104502 (2012); Li et al., Phys. Rev. E 96, 063303 (2017); Wu et al., Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 126, 773 (2018)]. However, a very important issue still remains open, i.e., how does boiling occur in the LB simulations? For instance, the existing LB studies showed that the boiling on a hydrophobic surface begins at a lower wall superheat than that on a hydrophilic surface, which qualitatively agrees well with experimental studies, but no one has yet explained how this phenomenon appears in the LB simulations and what happened in the simulations after changing the wettability of the heating surface. In this paper, the LB boiling mechanism is revealed by analyzing boiling on a flat surface with mixed wettability and boiling on a structured surface with homogeneous wettability. Through a theoretical analysis, we demonstrate that, when the same wall superheat is applied, in the LB boiling simulations the fluid density near the heating surface decreases faster on a hydrophobic surface than that on a hydrophilic surface. Accordingly, a lower wall superheat can induce the phase transition from liquid to vapor on a hydrophobic surface than that on a hydrophilic surface. Furthermore, a similar theoretical analysis shows that the fluid density decreases fastest at concave corners in the case of a structured surface with homogeneous wettability, which explains why vapor bubbles are nucleated at concave corners in the LB simulations of boiling on structured surfaces.
description: 10 figures
Isometric dilations of non-commuting finite rank $n$-tuples
Creators: name: Davidson, Kenneth R.
name: Kribs, David W.
name: Shpigel, Miron E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A contractive $n$-tuple $A=(A_1,...,A_n)$ has a minimal joint isometric dilation $S=(S_1,...,S_n)$ where the $S_i$'s are isometries with pairwise orthogonal ranges. This determines a representation of the Cuntz-Toeplitz algebra. When $A$ acts on a finite dimensional space, the \wot-closed nonself-adjoint algebra $\mathfrak{S}$ generated by $S$ is completely described in terms of the properties of $A$. This provides complete unitary invariants for the corresponding representations. In addition, we show that the algebra $\mathfrak{S}$ is always hyper-reflexive. In the last section, we describe similarity invariants. In particular, an $n$-tuple $B$ of $d\times d$ matrices is similar to an irreducible $n$-tuple $A$ if and only if a certain finite set of polynomials vanish on $B$.
description: 46 pages, preprint version
Estimators of diffusions with randomly spaced discrete observations: A general theory
Creators: name: Ait-Sahalia, Yacine
name: Mykland, Per A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62F12, 62M05 (Primary) 60H10, 60J60. (Secondary)

description: We provide a general method to analyze the asymptotic properties of a variety of estimators of continuous time diffusion processes when the data are not only discretely sampled in time but the time separating successive observations may possibly be random. We introduce a new operator, the generalized infinitesimal generator, to obtain Taylor expansions of the asymptotic moments of the estimators. As a special case, our results apply to the situation where the data are discretely sampled at a fixed nonrandom time interval. We include as specific examples estimators based on maximum-likelihood and discrete approximations such as the Euler scheme.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053604000000427 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Nonparametric estimation of scalar diffusions based on low frequency data
Creators: name: Gobet, Emmanuel
name: Hoffmann, Marc
name: Reiss, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G99, 62M05, 62M15 (Primary)

description: We study the problem of estimating the coefficients of a diffusion (X_t,t\geq 0); the estimation is based on discrete data X_{nΔ},n=0,1,...,N. The sampling frequency Δ^{-1} is constant, and asymptotics are taken as the number N of observations tends to infinity. We prove that the problem of estimating both the diffusion coefficient (the volatility) and the drift in a nonparametric setting is ill-posed: the minimax rates of convergence for Sobolev constraints and squared-error loss coincide with that of a, respectively, first- and second-order linear inverse problem. To ensure ergodicity and limit technical difficulties we restrict ourselves to scalar diffusions living on a compact interval with reflecting boundary conditions. Our approach is based on the spectral analysis of the associated Markov semigroup. A rate-optimal estimation of the coefficients is obtained via the nonparametric estimation of an eigenvalue-eigenfunction pair of the transition operator of the discrete time Markov chain (X_{nΔ},n=0,1,...,N) in a suitable Sobolev norm, together with an estimation of its invariant density.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053604000000797 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Multi-band Wigner Function Formulation of Quantum Transport
Creators: name: Unlu, Mehmet Burcin
name: Rosen, Bernard
name: Cui, Hong-Liang
name: Zhao, Peiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Wigner function representation of multi-band quantum transport theory is developed in this paper. The equations are derived using non-equilibrium Green's function formulation with the generalized Kadanoff-Baym ansatz and the multi-band $\bf{k.p}$ Hamiltonian including spin. The results are applied to a two-band resonant inter-band tunneling structure.
description: 15 pages
The Causality of Foreign Direct Investment and Its Effects on Economic Growth: Re-estimated by a Directed Graph Approach
Creators: name: Li, Yarui
name: Woodard, Joshua D.
name: Leatham, David J.
name: Li, Yarui
name: Woodard, Joshua D.
name: Leatham, David J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: FDI
subject: economic growth
subject: DAG

description: This paper uses the directed acyclic graph approach to analyze the causal patterns among foreign direct investment and other economic, social, and political variables, including GDP per capita as a proxy for economic growth. We find that economic growth causes FDI inflows for developing countries, while FDI induces economic growth for developed countries. Also, stock market is found to be an intermediary that amplifies the influence on FDI from many causal variables of FDI.
Quantum computer-aided design: digital quantum simulation of quantum processors
Creators: name: Kyaw, Thi Ha
name: Menke, Tim
name: Sim, Sukin
name: Anand, Abhinav
name: Sawaya, Nicolas P. D.
name: Oliver, William D.
name: Guerreschi, Gian Giacomo
name: Aspuru-Guzik, Alán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the increasing size of quantum processors, sub-modules that constitute the processor hardware will become too large to accurately simulate on a classical computer. Therefore, one would soon have to fabricate and test each new design primitive and parameter choice in time-consuming coordination between design, fabrication, and experimental validation. Here we show how one can design and test the performance of next-generation quantum hardware -- by using existing quantum computers. Focusing on superconducting transmon processors as a prominent hardware platform, we compute the static and dynamic properties of individual and coupled transmons. We show how the energy spectra of transmons can be obtained by variational hybrid quantum-classical algorithms that are well-suited for near-term noisy quantum computers. In addition, single- and two-qubit gate simulations are demonstrated via Suzuki-Trotter decomposition. Our methods pave a promising way towards designing candidate quantum processors when the demands of calculating sub-module properties exceed the capabilities of classical computing resources.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures. accepted version to appear in Phys. Rev. Appl
The low energy electronic structure of Sr₃Ru₂0₇ : an ARPES and XAS study
Creators: name: Hossain, Md. Anwar
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Sr₃Ru₂O₇ has recently attracted a lot of research effort primarily due to the discovery of magnetic field tuned quantum criticality at low temperature [7, 8]. To understand the mechanism driving the system to this critical point, we need precise information on the low energy electronic excitations, electronic correlation effects and local electronic structure of the system, which are still a subject of intense debate. To address these issues we employed three powerful theoretical and experimental techniques: Density Functional Theory (DFT), Angle Resolves Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) and X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS). The band structure calculations were done using the TB-LMTO-ASA (tight binding-linear muffin tin orbital-atomic sphere approximation) approach [34]. Our result agreed very well with the previous calculations [30, 31, 41, 42]. The Density of States (DOS) data were used to interpret the angle dependence of XAS data. We begin with an analysis of the metallic ground state and hybridization between the orbitals in Sr₂RuO₄ using the XAS data. The same line of analysis was used to interpret Sr₃Ru₂O₇ XAS data. Our data clearly shows the extra features expected due to the presence of a new oxygen site in Sr₃Ru₂O₇ with respect to Sr₂RuO₄. With ARPES we obtained the first high resolution Fermi surface of Sr₃Ru₂O₇ and quasiparticle band dispersion. The overall low energy electronic structure appears to be in agreement with the band structure calculations of Singh et. al. [30].
Learning Sampling and Model-Based Signal Recovery for Compressed Sensing MRI
Creators: name: Huijben, Iris A. M.
name: Veeling, Bastiaan S.
name: van Sloun, Ruud J. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Compressed sensing (CS) MRI relies on adequate undersampling of the k-space to accelerate the acquisition without compromising image quality. Consequently, the design of optimal sampling patterns for these k-space coefficients has received significant attention, with many CS MRI methods exploiting variable-density probability distributions. Realizing that an optimal sampling pattern may depend on the downstream task (e.g. image reconstruction, segmentation, or classification), we here propose joint learning of both task-adaptive k-space sampling and a subsequent model-based proximal-gradient recovery network. The former is enabled through a probabilistic generative model that leverages the Gumbel-softmax relaxation to sample across trainable beliefs while maintaining differentiability. The proposed combination of a highly flexible sampling model and a model-based (sampling-adaptive) image reconstruction network facilitates exploration and efficient training, yielding improved MR image quality compared to other sampling baselines.
Enhancing immunotherapy : predictive models for epitope and T cell binding via deep learning
Creators: name: Egger, Valentin
name: Gabriele, Cyril
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2024
Subjects: 006: Spezielle Computerverfahren
616: Innere Medizin und Krankheiten

description: Motivation : The human immune system is a highly intricate and individualistic phenomenon. Consequently, there is no universal solution that can be applied to all individuals to combat pathogens. It would be beneficial to ascertain which components of pathogen-specific immune responses contribute to pathogen elimination. Specifically, the objective is to identify which T cells can bind to and eliminate specific epitopes.
Results : Despite challenges such as incomplete TCR information, the absence of true negative samples, and inherent biases in available datasets due to the limited representation of the vast number of epitopes and T cells, the findings highlight the potential of deep learning to enhance personalized immunotherapy by predicting TCR-epitope bindings. This thesis introduces a novel method to address the absence of true negative samples by generating synthetic non-binding samples in an informed manner. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of incorporating both α-chain and β-chain sequences of the TCRs and optimizing model parameters to enhance predictive accuracy, thereby facilitating more effective personalized treatments. Furthermore, experiments incorporating physicochemical properties of the protein complexes indicate that these properties do not improve model performance. Comparisons are also made to evaluate the impact of information precision in germline gene segments (V and J regions) and the MHC on model performance.
The Pre-He White Dwarfs in Eclipsing Binaries. I. WASP 0131+28
Creators: name: Lee, Jae Woo
name: Koo, Jae-Rim
name: Hong, Kyeongsoo
name: Park, Jang-Ho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first $BV$ light curves and high-resolution spectra of the post-mass transfer binary star WASP 0131+28 to study the absolute properties of extremely low-mass white dwarfs. From the observed spectra, the double-lined radial velocities were derived, and the effective temperature and rotational velocity of the brighter, more massive primary were found to be $T_{\rm eff,1} = 10,000 \pm 200$ K and $v_1\sin$$i$ = 55 $\pm$ 10 km s$^{-1}$, respectively. The combined analysis of the {\it TESS} archive data and ours yielded the accurate fundamental parameters of the program target. The masses were derived to about 1.0 \% accuracy and the radii to 0.6 \%, or better. The secondary component's parameters of $M_2 = 0.200 \pm 0.002$ M$_\odot$, $R_2 = 0.528 \pm 0.003$ R$_\odot$, $T_{\rm eff,2}$ = 11,186 $\pm$ 235 K, and $L_2 = 3.9 \pm 0.3$ L$_\odot$ are in excellent agreement with the evolutionary sequence for a helium-core white dwarf of mass 0.203 M$_\odot$, and indicates that this star is halfway through the constant luminosity phase. The results presented in this article demonstrate that WASP 0131+28 is an EL CVn eclipsing binary in a thin disk, which is formed from the stable Roche-lobe overflow channel and composed of a main-sequence dwarf with a spectral type A0 and a pre-He white dwarf.
description: 22 pages, including 7 figures and 6 tables
Changing looks of the nucleus of Seyfert galaxy NGC 3516 during 2016-2020
Creators: name: Oknyansky, V. L.
name: Mikailov, Kh. M.
name: Huseynov, N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results of spectral observations of NGC 3516 with the 2-m telescope of the Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory during 2016-2020 are presented. In the first half of 2016, the intensive broad component Hbeta was found, which indicates a spectral type change compared to 2014, when the broad component was almost invisible. In the second half of 2016, the broad component H$β$ again was weakened and was practically not observed, remaining as weak until the end of 2019. At the end of 2019, the broad component Hbeta strengthened again, and in May 2020 reached a typical level for the high state of the object. During 2016-2020 we observed several changing looks of NGC 3516.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Astronomy Reports
Potential Biomass Yields in the South Central US
Creators: name: Basnet, Arjun
name: Depona, Theo
name: Hedges, Wesley
name: Dicks, Michael R.
name: Basnet, Arjun
name: Depona, Theo
name: Hedges, Wesley
name: Dicks, Michael R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Biofuel
subject: Switchgrass
subject: Ratio Estimation
subject: South Central
subject: Oklahoma

description: This paper describes research to create a national database of switchgrass supply as part of the biomass program launched by the Department of Energy. The paper provides an estimate of county level switchgrass yield data for the state of Oklahoma. The estimates are made for the top five most productive and abundant soils for each county in Oklahoma. A simple approach of ratio calculation and estimation is used to predict the switchgrass yield of one soil type by comparing it with the yield of several other crops in another soil type. The data for switchgrass yield for a particular soil type are obtained from the state research experiment stations. The yields for other crops for the top five soils are obtained from the NASS data sources. Switchgrass supply for Oklahoma was estimated to be 49.5 million tons from the top soils with the Northeast crop reporting district to be the dominant supplier.
End-to-end deep reinforcement learning for autonomous racing dynamics
Creators: name: Ulrich, Fabian
name: Wehrli, Tobias
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2024
Subjects: Reinforcement learning
Deep learning
Proximal Policy Optimization
Autonomous driving
Formula Student
CARLA simulator
Object detection
Racing
006: Spezielle Computerverfahren

description: With the rise in computational power over the recent years, Reinforcement Learning has not only become more accessible but has also shown substantial improvements in performance and applicability. In the Formula Student racing environment, autonomous driving systems have relied primarily on modular pipelines incorporating perception, SLAM, trajectory planning, and controls. These approaches are limited by the technical complexity and significant manpower required to integrate multiple subsystems effectively. This thesis explores the integration of deep Reinforcement Learning with Proximal Policy Optimization and a one-stage object detector into a unified end-to-end system. The object detector processes input images and depth data to extract the positions of track-delimiting cones. These inputs, combined with other sensor data, are fed into the policy network that directly maps them to optimized driving actions. The open source driving simulator CARLA was modified to include a realistic model of the electric 2024 Zurich UAS Racing vehicle. Furthermore, tracks based on the disciplines outlined in the Formula Student Germany rules were modeled in a simulated environment, facilitating the training of a Reinforcement Learning agent. Although evaluated only in simulation, the results are promising. The agent successfully completed the acceleration race without crashing while performing on a level comparable to human performance. In the trackdrive event, the agent accomplished an average completion rate of 72%. This suggests that with continued development and enhancements, this research can be effectively employed by the Zurich UAS Racing team to enhance their competitive performance in future competitions.
Correcting a 135-year error: Limulidae Leach, 1819 (Chelicerata, Xiphosura) is the proper authority, not Limulidae Zittel, 1885
Creators: name: Novack-Gottshall, Philip M
name: Plotnick, Roy E
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology

description: The horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus (Linnaeus, 1758) is a famous species, renowned as a ‘living fossil’ (Owen, 1873; Barthel, 1974; Kin and Błażejowski, 2014) for its apparently little-changed morphology for many millions of years. The genus Limulus Müller, 1785 was used by Leach (1819, p. 536) as the basis of a new family Limulidae and synonymized it with Polyphemus Lamarck, 1801 (Lamarck's proposed but later unaccepted replacement for Limulus, as discussed by Van der Hoeven, 1838, p. 8) and Xyphotheca Gronovius, 1764 (later changed to Xiphosura Gronovius, 1764, another junior synonym of Limulus). He also included the valid modern genus Tachypleus Leach, 1819 in the family. The primary authority of Leach (1819) is widely recognized in the neontological literature (e.g., Dunlop et al., 2012; Smith et al., 2017). It is also the authority recognized in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS Editorial Board, 2021).
Analysis of Texas Winery Visitor Spending and GOTEXAN Efforts to Promote Winery Tourism
Creators: name: Hanagriff, Roger D.
name: Murova, Olga I.
name: Hanagriff, Roger D.
name: Murova, Olga I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Texas Wine
subject: TDA Wine Marketing
subject: State Value of Wine Marketing
subject: Wine Tourism
subject: Rural Tourism
subject: Tourism

description: Swinburne University (Langworthy, Howard, Fiona & Mawson, 2006), agri-tourism is a growing phenomenon in Australia, often most strongly associated with wine regions. Recommendations to improve include creation of tourism regions & cooperatives, cooperation between sectors (CVBs, restaurants), infrastructure development and model development to measurable factors. South African wineries Bruwer, 2003 identified factors that were helpful in developing a wine tourism market of South African wineries. Regarding South Africa wine tourism, areas of winery business that promote tourism include both service provision and destination marketing, development of wine routes forms an integral part of the wine tourism industry, estates sell more wine through the cellar-door and tourism industry needs well-developed infrastructure. To complete this analysis for Texas, an online survey was sent to over 9,000 wine consumers. Preliminary results of this study found that Texas winery travelers spend over $400 per winery visit. Winery tourism outspend typical tourist in Texas with 24% of their spending related to accommodations spending. Wineries involved in promoting tourism visitations have significantly higher sales and winery visitation than those not focusing on tourism as part of the marketing promotions (p
Coarse Grained Computations for a Micellar System
Creators: name: Kopelevich, Dmitry I.
name: Panagiotopoulos, Athanassios Z.
name: Kevrekidis, Ioannis G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish, through coarse-grained computation, a connection between traditional, continuum numerical algorithms (initial value problems as well as fixed point algorithms) and atomistic simulations of the Larson model of micelle formation. The procedure hinges on the (expected) evolution of a few slow, coarse-grained mesoscopic observables of the MC simulation, and on (computational) time scale separation between these and the remaining "slaved", fast variables. Short bursts of appropriately initialized atomistic simulation are used to estimate the (coarse-grained, deterministic) local dynamics of the evolution of the observables. These estimates are then in turn used to accelerate the evolution to computational stationarity through traditional continuum algorithms (forward Euler integration, Newton-Raphson fixed point computation). This "equation-free" framework, bypassing the derivation of explicit, closed equations for the observables (e.g. equations of state) may provide a computational bridge between direct atomistic / stochastic simulation and the analysis of its macroscopic, system-level consequences.
Measuring the Relative Profitability of Mid-South Cotton Production from an Alternative Gin Seed Rebate Model
Creators: name: Fannin, James Matthew
name: Paxton, Kenneth W.
name: Fannin, James Matthew
name: Paxton, Kenneth W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: cotton ginning
subject: returns above variable costs
subject: cotton
subject: corn
subject: soybeans

description: The purpose of this paper is to assess the opportunity returns forgone to cotton producers in the lower Mid-South region of the United States for growing cotton, compared to alternative commodities. We calculate the actual net returns per acre for selected cotton-producing counties in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. In addition, we calculate the opportunity returns per acre if the acres planted in cotton were planted in the highest net return commodity per acre between corn and soybeans during the period 1997 through 2008. Our results find that producers in these cotton producing-counties faced sizeable opportunity revenues foregone averaging 43% between 2003 and 2008. Most observers of the cotton industry would argue that these foregone revenues are a function of historical cotton producers not planting a higher proportion of their acreage in the more-profitable corn enterprise in 2007 and 2008. However, opportunity revenues per acre foregone averaged 37% in the 2007-08 period. This finding suggests that cotton producers recognized a few years prior to the corn price spike in 2007 that alternative commodities, such as corn and soybeans, would generate greater returns on their land. Our research suggests that the higher corn price helped push cotton producers over the edge into planting a greater percentage of their acreage in alternative commodities.
Chemical Constituents of the Culture Broth of Panus rudis
Creators: name: Song, Ja-Gyeong
name: Ha, Lee Su
name: Ki, Dae-Won
name: Choi, Dae-Cheol
name: Lee, In-Kyoung
name: Yun, Bong-Sik
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: In our ongoing search for new secondary metabolites from fungal strains, one novel compound (1) and nine known compounds (2-10) were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble layer of the culture broth of Panus rudis. The culture broth of P. rudis was extracted in acetone and fractionated by solvent partition; column chromatography using silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and Sephadex G-10; MPLC; and HPLC. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by one- and two-dimensional NMR and LC-ESI-mass measurements. One new compound, panepoxydiol (1), and nine known compounds, (E)-3-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-en-1-yl)-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene-2,5-diol (2), isopanepoxydone (3), neopanepoxydone (4), panepoxydone (5), panepophenanthrin (6), 4-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-methoxychromane (7), 6-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-chromen (8), 2,2-dimethyl-6-methoxychroman-4-one (9), 3,4-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-methoxychromane (10), were isolated from the culture broth of P. rudis. This is the first report of isolation of a new compound panepoxydiol (1) and nine other chemical constituents (2-5, 7-10) from the culture broth of P. rudis.
Misinformation detection
Creators: name: Avesani, Marcel
name: Jasari, Ardi
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2024
Subjects: Misinformation Detection
Deep learning
Neural networks
Automated fact-checking
Data augmentation
Precision and recall
CheckThat! Lab
006: Spezielle Computerverfahren

description: Diese Arbeit untersucht die Erkennung von Fehlinformationen durch die Entwicklung und Verfeinerung von Deep-Learning-Modellen. Unser Ziel ist es, die Genauigkeit von automatisierten Fact-Checking-Systemen durch den Einsatz fortschrittlicher neuronaler Netzwerkarchitekturen zu verbessern. Unsere Methoden umfassen umfassende Datenanalysen, das Feintuning von vortrainierten Sprachmodellen (Pre-trained Language Models) und das Experimentieren mit Datenaufbereitungstechniken und Ensemble-Techniken zur Optimierung der Modellleistung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass unsere Modelle Fehlinformationen effektiv klassifizieren, was durch unsere wettbewerbsfähige Leistung im CheckThat! Lab 2024 demonstriert wird. Diese Studie bestätigt die Wirksamkeit von Deep-Learning-Ansätzen, die die Automatisierung der Fehlinformationserkennung erheblich vorantreiben, was für die Bewahrung der Informationsintegrität in der heutigen digitalen Landschaft unerlässlich ist.
description:
This thesis explores the detection of misinformation through the development and refinement of deep learning models. Our aim is to improve the accuracy of automated fact-checking systems by utilizing advanced neural network architectures. Our methods involve comprehensive data analysis, fine-tuning Pre-trained Language Model (PLM), and experimenting with data manipulation techniques and ensemble techniques to optimize model performance. Results indicate that our models effectively classify misinformation, as demonstrated by our competitive performance in the CheckThat! Lab 2024. This study affirms the efficacy of deep learning approaches in significantly advancing the automation of misinformation detection, which is essential for preserving information integrity in today’s digital landscape.
Coarse-Grained Kinetic Computations for Rare Events: Application to Micelle Formation
Creators: name: Kopelevich, Dmitry I.
name: Panagiotopoulos, Athanassios Z.
name: Kevrekidis, Ioannis G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a coarse-grained approach to the computation of rare events in the context of grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations of self-assembly of surfactant molecules into micelles. The basic assumption is that the {\it computational} system dynamics can be decomposed into two parts -- fast (noise) and slow (reaction coordinates) dynamics, so that the system can be described by an effective, coarse grained Fokker-Planck (FP) equation. While such an assumption may be valid in many circumstances, an explicit form of FP equation is not always available. In our computations we bypass the analytic derivation of such an effective FP equation. The effective free energy gradient and the state-dependent magnitude of the random noise, which are necessary to formulate the effective Fokker-Planck equation, are obtained from ensembles of short bursts of microscopic simulations {\it with judiciously chosen initial conditions}. The reaction coordinate in our micelle formation problem is taken to be the size of a cluster of surfactant molecules. We test the validity of the effective FP description in this system and reconstruct a coarse-grained free energy surface in good agreement with full-scale GCMC simulations. We also show that, for very small clusters, the cluster size seizes to be a good reaction coordinate for a one-dimensional effective description. We discuss possible ways to improve the current model and to take higher-dimensional coarse-grained dynamics into account.
An Ethanol Blend Wall Shift is Prone to Increase Petroleum Gasoline Demand
Creators: name: Qiu, Cheng
name: Colson, Gregory
name: Zhang, Zibin
name: Wetzstein, Michael E.
name: Qiu, Cheng
name: Colson, Gregory
name: Zhang, Zibin
name: Wetzstein, Michael E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Blend wall
subject: Energy security
subject: Ethanol

description: The US Environmental Protection Agency announced a waiver allowing an increase in the Fuel-Ethanol blend limit (the “blend wall” ) from 10% (E10) to 15% (E15) on October,2010.Justifications for the waiver are reduced vehicle fuel prices and less consumption of petroleum gasoline, leading to energy security. In this paper, employing Monte Carlo simulations and Savitzky-Golay smoothing filter, an empirical study examines this waiver revealing an anomaly where a relaxation of this blend wall elicits a demand response. Under a wide range of elasticities, this demand response can actually increase the consumption of petroleum gasoline and thus lead to greater energy insecurity. The economics supporting this result and associated policy implications are developed and discussed.