cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Phase transitions and critical behavior in hadronic transport with a relativistic density functional equation of state
Creators: name: Sorensen, Agnieszka
name: Koch, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a flexible, relativistically covariant parameterization of dense nuclear matter equation of state suited for inclusion in computationally demanding hadronic transport simulations. Within an implementation in the hadronic transport code SMASH, we show that effects due to bulk thermodynamic behavior are reproduced in dynamic hadronic systems, demonstrating that hadronic transport can be used to study critical behavior in dense nuclear matter, both at and away from equilibrium. We also show that two-particle correlations calculated from hadronic transport simulation data follow theoretical expectations based on the second order cumulant ratio, and constitute a clear signature of crossing the phase diagram above the critical point.
description: 31 pages, 14 figures. Revised version to be published in PRC (in press). We added a discussion of correlations in hadronic transport and improved the proof of the relationship between the second order cumulant and the pair distribution function at close distances
Constraining renormalon effects in lattice determination of heavy quark mass
Creators: name: Lee, Taekoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Borel summation technique of infrared renormalons is applied to the lattice determination of heavy quark mass. With Borel summation a physical heavy quark pole mass and binding energy of a heavy-light meson can be defined in a rigorous and calculable manner. A notable feature of the Borel summation, compared to the usual perturbative cancellation of IR renormalons, is an automatic scale separation. The two approaches of handling renormalon divergence are compared in the B-meson as well as in an (imaginary) heavy-light meson with a mass much larger than the inverse of the lattice spacing.
description: References and NNLO analysis added. Version to appear in Phys Rev D
สังคมสูงวัยของไทยกับญี่ปุ่น: พินิจความร่วมมือในรูปแบบใหม่
Creators: name: Oizumi, Keiichiro
Publisher: name: สมาคมญี่ปุ่นศึกษาแห่งประเทศไทย
Year: 2018
Subjects: -

description: วารสารเครือข่ายญี่ปุ่นศึกษา, 8, พิเศษ, 1-14
An examination of a model of the term structure of interest rates : Kennedy's model
Creators: name: Sakellaris, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: We examine the term structure model proposed by Kennedy (1994). The model assumes that the interest rates can be described as a Gaussian Random Field. We find conditions that the drift and covariance function of the forward rates have to satisfy. We then try to calibrate the model using a number of approaches. Finally the proposed covariance function by Kennedy (1997) is tested.
Casimir effect for curved geometries: PFA validity limits
Creators: name: Gies, Holger
name: Klingmuller, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute Casimir interaction energies for the sphere-plate and cylinder-plate configuration induced by scalar-field fluctuations with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Based on a high-precision calculation using worldline numerics, we quantitatively determine the validity bounds of the proximity force approximation (PFA) on which the comparison between all corresponding experiments and theory are based. We observe the quantitative failure of the PFA on the 1% level for a curvature parameter a/R > 0.00755. Even qualitatively, the PFA fails to predict reliably the correct sign of genuine Casimir curvature effects. We conclude that data analysis of future experiments aiming at a precision of 0.1% must no longer be based on the PFA.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
XALQARO MIQYOSDA AVTOMOBILLARDA YUK TASHISHNING O'ZIGA XOS XUSUSIYATLARI VA ULARNING HUQUQIY TARTIBGA SOLINISHI
Creators: name: Bahodirova, Sitora
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Bugungi kunda davlatlar o‘rasida tashqi aloqalar, tijoriy munosabatlar, xususan tashqi iqtisodiy, ilmiy-texnikaviy va madaniy aloqalar tobora rivojlanib bormoqda. Bu esa ular o‘rtasida xalqaro transport aloqalarining, yuklarning xalqaro tranzitiga oid munosabatlarning yana keng tus olishiga, xalqaro ko‘lamda yuklar va yo‘lovchilarni tashish borasida xizmat ko‘rsatish sifatining oshishiga hamda bu sohani tartibga soluvchi xalqaro normativ-huquqiy hujjatlarning yanada takomillashtirilishiga turtki bo‘lmoqda. Olingan nazariy ma’lumotlarning tahlili asosida ushbu maqolada xalqaro xususiy huquqning muhim instituti bo‘lgan xalqaro miqyosda avtomobillarda yuk tashishning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlarni, xalqaro ko‘lamda avtomobillarda yuk tashish bilan bog‘liq munosabatlarning huquqiy tartibga solinishini ilmiy-nazariy tahlil qilish maqsdaga muvofiq.
The Migdal effect in semiconductors
Creators: name: Knapen, Simon
name: Kozaczuk, Jonathan
name: Lin, Tongyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a nucleus in an atom undergoes a collision, there is a small probability to inelastically excite an electron as a result of the Migdal effect. In this Letter, we present a first complete derivation of the Migdal effect from dark matter-nucleus scattering in semiconductors, which also accounts for multiphonon production. The rate can be expressed in terms of the energy loss function of the material, which we calculate with density functional theory (DFT) methods. Because of the smaller gap for electron excitations, we find that the rate for the Migdal effect is much higher in semiconductors than in atomic targets. Accounting for the Migdal effect in semiconductors can therefore significantly improve the sensitivity of experiments such as DAMIC, SENSEI and SuperCDMS to sub-GeV dark matter.
description: 5+11 pages. v2: journal version with results updated to include ion effective charge
Infrared singularities in Landau gauge Yang-Mills theory
Creators: name: Alkofer, Reinhard
name: Huber, Markus Q.
name: Schwenzer, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a more detailed picture of the infrared regime of Landau gauge Yang-Mills theory. This is done within a novel framework that allows one to take into account the influence of finite scales within an infrared power counting analysis. We find that there are two qualitatively different infrared fixed points of the full system of Dyson-Schwinger equations. The first extends the known scaling solution, where the ghost dynamics is dominant and gluon propagation is strongly suppressed. It features in addition to the strong divergences of gluonic vertex functions in the previously considered uniform scaling limit, when all external momenta tend to zero, also weaker kinematic divergences, when only some of the external momenta vanish. The second solution represents the recently proposed decoupling scenario where the gluons become massive and the ghosts remain bare. In this case we find that none of the vertex functions is enhanced, so that the infrared dynamics is entirely suppressed. Our analysis also provides a strict argument why the Landau gauge gluon dressing function cannot be infrared divergent.
description: 29 pages, 25 figures; published version
Gravitino thermal production revisited
Creators: name: Eberl, Helmut
name: Gialamas, Ioannis D.
name: Spanos, Vassilis C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the gravitino production rate, computing its one-loop thermal self-energy. Gravitino production processes that do not result through thermal cuts of its self-energy, have been identified and taken into account. Correcting analytical errors and numerical approximations in the previous calculations, we present our result. This deviates from the latest estimation by almost 10%. More importantly, we provide a convenient formula, for calculating the gravitino production rate and its thermal abundance, as a function of the reheating temperature of the Universe.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, references added, matches published version
Quantum interference with molecules: The role of internal states
Creators: name: Hillery, Mark
name: Mlodinow, Leonard
name: Buzek, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments have shown that fullerene and fluorofullerene molecules can produce interference patterns. These molecules have both rotational and vibrational degrees of freedom. This leads one to ask whether these internal motions can play a role in degrading the interference pattern. We study this by means of a simple model. Our molecule consists of two masses a fixed distance apart. It scatters from a potential with two or several peaks, thereby mimicking two or several slit interference. We find that in some parameter regimes the entanglement between the internal states and the translational degrees of freedom produced by the potential can decrease the visibility of the interference pattern. In particular, different internal states correspond to different outgoing wave vectors, so that if several internal states are excited, the total interference pattern will be the sum of a number of patterns, each with a different periodicity. The overall pattern is consequently smeared out. In the case of two different peaks, the scattering from the different peaks will excite different internal states so that the path the molecule takes become entangled with its internal state. This will also lead to degradation of the interference pattern. How these mechanisms might lead to the emergence of classical behavior is discussed.
description: 12 pages, 4 eps figures, quality of figures reduced because of size restrictions
Geometrical aspects of a generalized statistical mechanics
Creators: name: Portesi, M.
name: Pennini, F.
name: Plastino, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss here the use of generalized forms of entropy, taken as information measures, to characterize phase transitions and critical behavior in thermodynamic systems. Our study is based on geometric considerations pertaining to the space of parameters that describe statistical mechanics models. The thermodynamic stability of the system is the focus of attention in this geometric context.
description: 7 pages
Early Afterglows in Wind Environments Revisited
Creators: name: Zou, Y. C.
name: Wu, X. F.
name: Dai, Z. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a cold shell sweeps up the ambient medium, a forward shock and a reverse shock will form. We analyze the reverse-forward shocks in a wind environment, including their dynamics and emission. An early afterglow is emitted from the shocked shell, e.g., an optical flash may emerge. The reverse shock behaves differently in two approximations: relativistic and Newtonian cases, which depend on the parameters, e.g., the initial Lorentz factor of the ejecta. If the initial Lorentz factor is much less than $114 E_{53}^{1/4} Δ_{0,12}^{-1/4} A_{*,-1}^{-1/4}$, the early reverse shock is Newtonian. This may take place for the wider of a two-component jet, an orphan afterglow caused by a low initial Lorentz factor, and so on. The synchrotron self absorption effect is significant especially for the Newtonian reverse shock case, since the absorption frequency $ν_a$ is larger than the cooling frequency $ν_c$ and the minimum synchrotron frequency $ν_m$ for typical parameters. For the optical to X-ray band, the flux is nearly unchanged with time during the early period, which may be a diagnostic for the low initial Lorentz factor of the ejecta in a wind environment. We also investigate the early light curves with different wind densities, and compare them with these in the ISM model.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Efficient early stellar feedback can suppress galactic outflows by reducing supernova clustering
Creators: name: Smith, Matthew C.
name: Bryan, Greg L.
name: Somerville, Rachel S.
name: Hu, Chia-Yu
name: Teyssier, Romain
name: Burkhart, Blakesley
name: Hernquist, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel set of stellar feedback models, implemented in the moving-mesh code Arepo, designed for galaxy formation simulations with near-parsec (or better) resolution. These include explicit sampling of stars from the IMF, allowing feedback to be linked to individual massive stars, an improved method for the modelling of H II regions, photoelectric heating from a spatially varying FUV field and supernova feedback. We perform a suite of 32 simulations of isolated $M_\mathrm{vir} = 10^{10}\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$ galaxies with a baryonic mass resolution of $20\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$ in order to study the non-linear coupling of the different feedback channels. We find that photoionization and supernova feedback are both independently capable of regulating star formation to the same level, while photoelectric heating is inefficient. Photoionization produces a considerably smoother star formation history than supernovae. When all feedback channels are combined, the additional suppression of star formation rates is minor. However, outflow rates are substantially reduced relative to the supernova only simulations. We show that this is directly caused by a suppression of supernova clustering by the photoionization feedback, disrupting star forming clouds prior to the first supernovae. We demonstrate that our results are robust to variations of our star formation prescription, feedback models and the gas fraction of the disk. Our results also imply that the burstiness of star formation and the mass loading of outflows may be overestimated if the adopted star particle mass is considerably larger than the mass of individual stars because this imposes a minimum cluster size.
description: Published in MNRAS, 37 pages (including appendices), 23 figures. Updated for consistency with published version
On the Convergence of Local SGD Under Third-Order Smoothness and Hessian Similarity
Creators: name: Zindari, Ali
name: Luo, Ruichen
name: Stich, Sebastian
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2024

description: Local SGD (i.e., Federated Averaging without client sampling) is widely used for solving federated optimization problems in the presence of heterogeneous data. However, there is a gap between the existing convergence rates for Local SGD and its observed performance on real-world problems. It seems that current rates do not correctly capture the effectiveness Local SGD. We first show that the existing rates for Local SGD in heterogeneous setting cannot recover the correct rate when the global function is a quadratic. Then we first derive a new rate for the case that the global function is a general strongly convex function depending on third-order smoothness and Hessian similarity. These additional parameters allow us to capture the problem in a more refined way and to overcome some of the limitations of the previous worst-case results derived under the standard assumptions. Then we show a rate for Local SGD when all clients are non-convex quadratic functions with identical Hessians.
Supplementary document for Broadband Multilayer Film Absorbers: Fabry-Pérot Resonance or Antinode Loss Effect? - 7331247.pdf
Creators: name: Xie, Zhenlong
name: JIANG, JIAYI
name: Jiang, Fan
name: Chen, Yihang
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: A. Selection of the top metal (Au and Ti) layer thickness for FPR and ALE MDM absorbers. B. Determination of the thickness of the lossy layer Ti. C. Discussion on broadband metamaterial multilayer absorbers
Finite Size Effect in Excited Baryon Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Sasaki, Kiyoshi
name: Sasaki, Shoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the finite size effect on masses of excited baryons in quenched lattice QCD simulation. For this purpose, we perform numerical simulations at three different lattice sizes, La\simeq 1.6, 2.2 and 3.2 fm. The gauge configurations are generated with the single plaquette gauge action at β=6/g^2=6.2, and the quark propagator are computed with the Wilson fermion action. To access to two parity states of the nucleon and four different spin-parity states of the Δbaryon, the appropriate spin/parity projection are carried out. We find that the spatial lattice size is required to be as large as 3 fm to remove the finite size effect on excited baryons even in the heavy quark region (M_π/M_ρ\simeq 0.82, 0.87), where that on the nucleon is negligible. On our largest lattice (La\simeq 3.2 fm), all mass spectra of the J^P=1/2^\pm nucleons and the J^P=1/2^\pm, 3/2^\pm Δbaryons are roughly consistent with experimental values after naive chiral extrapolation.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures included, talk presented at Lattice 2005 (Hadron spectrum and quark masses)
Entanglement of three-qubit pure states in terms of teleportation capability
Creators: name: Lee, Soojoon
name: Joo, Jaewoo
name: Kim, Jaewan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define an entanglement measure, called the partial tangle, which represents the residual two-qubit entanglement of a three-qubit pure state. By its explicit calculations for three-qubit pure states, we show that the partial tangle is closely related to the faithfulness of a teleportation scheme over a three-qubit pure state.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication as a Brief Report in Physical Review A
Atmospheric wave-mean flow interactions
Creators: name: Quinn, Declan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The interactions between the zonally-averaged flow and the various eddy circulations in the atmosphere are studied using NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data. The contributions to zonal- and potential temperature-tendency and zonal kinetic energy production due to both the Ferrel and Hadley circulations are determined. Inferences are then made regarding the processes which affect the strong cores of the jet stream and the forms of zonallyaveraged models of the atmosphere that are appropriate for studies of this type. It will be shown that there is considerable wave-mean flow interaction in the atmosphere, with the circulation induced by eddy motions being primarily responsible for the maintainance and seasonal variations of the zonally-averaged jet core. This study also provides a repository of derived atmospheric quantities for the years 1989-1993.
Diversity-adjusted adaptive step size
Creators: name: Yazdkhasti, Parham
name: Jiang, Xiaowen
name: Stich, Sebastian
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2024

description: Optimizing machine learning models often requires careful tuning of parameters, especially the
learning rate. Traditional methods involve exhaustive searches or adopting pre-established rates,
both with drawbacks. The former is computationally intensive, a concern amplified by the trend toward larger models like large language models (LLM). The latter risks suboptimal model training.
Consequently, there is growing research on adaptive and parameter-free approaches to reduce reliance on manual step size tuning. While adaptive gradient methods like AdaGrad, RMSProp, and
Adam aim to adjust learning rates dynamically, they still rely on learning rate parameters dependent
on problem-specific characteristics. Our work explores the interplay between step size and gradient dissimilarity, introducing a “diversity-adjusted adaptive stepsize” that adapts to different levers
of dissimilarity in sampled gradients within the SGD algorithm. We also investigate approximate
algorithms to compute this step size efficiently while maintaining performance.
An AI-Assisted Design Method for Topology Optimization Without Pre-Optimized Training Data
Creators: name: Halle, Alex
name: Campanile, L. Flavio
name: Hasse, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Topology optimization is widely used by engineers during the initial product development process to get a first possible geometry design. The state-of-the-art is the iterative calculation, which requires both time and computational power. Some newly developed methods use artificial intelligence to accelerate the topology optimization. These require conventionally pre-optimized data and therefore are dependent on the quality and number of available data. This paper proposes an AI-assisted design method for topology optimization, which does not require pre-optimized data. The designs are provided by an artificial neural network, the predictor, on the basis of boundary conditions and degree of filling (the volume percentage filled by material) as input data. In the training phase, geometries generated on the basis of random input data are evaluated with respect to given criteria. The results of those evaluations flow into an objective function which is minimized by adapting the predictor's parameters. After the training is completed, the presented AI-assisted design procedure supplies geometries which are similar to the ones generated by conventional topology optimizers, but requires a small fraction of the computational effort required by those algorithms. We anticipate our paper to be a starting point for AI-based methods that requires data, that is hard to compute or not available.
Fano interference effect on the transition spectrum of single electron transistors
Creators: name: Kuo, David M. -T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the intraband transition spectrum of single electron transistors (SETs) composed of individual self-assembled quantum dots. The polarization of SETs is obtained by using the nonequilibrium Green's function technique and the Anderson model with three energy levels. Owing to nonradiative coupling between two excited states through the continuum of electrodes, the Fano interference effect significantly influences the peak position and intensity of infrared wavelength single-photon spectrum.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
The Treachery of Images in the Digital Sovereignty Debate
Creators: name: Ruohonen, Jukka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This short theoretical and argumentative essay contributes to the ongoing deliberation about the so-called digital sovereignty, as pursued particularly in the European Union (EU). Drawing from classical political science literature, the essay approaches the debate through paradoxes that arise from applying classical notions of sovereignty to the digital domain. With these paradoxes and a focus on the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, the essay develops a viewpoint distinct from the conventional territorial notion of sovereignty. Accordingly, the lesson from Westphalia has more to do with the capacity of a state to govern. It is also this capacity that is argued to enable the sovereignty of individuals within the digital realm. With this viewpoint, the essay further advances another, broader, and more pressing debate on politics and democracy in the digital era.
description: Minds and Machines, published online in July 2021, pp. 1-18
History of the Walter Geology Library, University of Texas at Austin, 1888-2020
Creators: name: Flaxbart, David
name: Trombatore, Dennis
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2024
Subjects: Walter Geology Library
Guion, Thelma Lynn

description: A history of UT Austin's Geology Library from its origins in the late 19th century, up to 2020. Included are descriptions of the library's locations and facilities over time, its librarians and staff, its endowment funding and relationship with the Geology Department and later the Jackson School of Geosciences.
LOCATION AND MARKETING UNDER MARKETING ASSISTANCE LOAN AND LOAN DEFICIENCY PAYMENT PROGRAMS
Creators: name: Saak, Alexander E.
name: Saak, Alexander E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Marketing assistance loan (MAL) and loan deficiency payment (LDP) programs differ in their treatment of basis. This paper analyzes marketing decisions under these programs when producers are differentiated by location with respect to the terminal market. The developed model may help explain the observed lack of an association between the county loan rate and the share of a county's production enrolled in MAL programs. Under certain conditions, multiple equilibria are shown to emerge. The effects of MAL and LDP programs on welfare and policy implications are discussed.
Supervised learning in physical networks: From machine learning to learning machines
Creators: name: Stern, Menachem
name: Hexner, Daniel
name: Rocks, Jason W.
name: Liu, Andrea J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Materials and machines are often designed with particular goals in mind, so that they exhibit desired responses to given forces or constraints. Here we explore an alternative approach, namely physical coupled learning. In this paradigm, the system is not initially designed to accomplish a task, but physically adapts to applied forces to develop the ability to perform the task. Crucially, we require coupled learning to be facilitated by physically plausible learning rules, meaning that learning requires only local responses and no explicit information about the desired functionality. We show that such local learning rules can be derived for any physical network, whether in equilibrium or in steady state, with specific focus on two particular systems, namely disordered flow networks and elastic networks. By applying and adapting advances of statistical learning theory to the physical world, we demonstrate the plausibility of new classes of smart metamaterials capable of adapting to users' needs in-situ.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures
Noise Injection Irons Out Local Minima and Saddle Points
Creators: name: Mishchenko, Konstantin
name: Stich, Sebastian
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2024

description: Non-convex optimization problems are ubiquitous in machine learning, especially in Deep Learning. It has been observed in practice that injecting artificial noise into stochastic gradient descent (SGD) can sometimes improve training and generalization performance. In this work, we formalize noise injection as a smoothing operator and (review and derive) convergence guarantees of SGD under smoothing. We empirically found that Gaussian smoothing works really well for training two-layer neural networks, but these findings do not translate to deeper nets. We would like to use this contribution to stimulate a discussion in the community to further investigate the impact of noise in training machine learning models.
Combinatorial approach to generalized Bell and Stirling numbers and boson normal ordering problem
Creators: name: Mendez, M A
name: Blasiak, P
name: Penson, K A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the numbers arising in the problem of normal ordering of expressions in canonical boson creation and annihilation operators. We treat a general form of a boson string which is shown to be associated with generalizations of Stirling and Bell numbers. The recurrence relations and closed-form expressions (Dobiski-type formulas) are obtained for these quantities by both algebraic and combinatorial methods. By extensive use of methods of combinatorial analysis we prove the equivalence of the aforementioned problem to the enumeration of special families of graphs. This link provides a combinatorial interpretation of the numbers arising in this normal ordering problem.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Etruscan and Latin networks : a semiotic exploration of interconnectivity
Creators: name: Wein, Mikel
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Rome
subject: Network analysis
subject: Etruria
subject: Semiotics
subject: Landscape archaeology
subject: Central Italy
subject: Latium
subject: Iron Age Italy
subject: Pre-Roman Italy
subject: Settlement dynamics
subject: DG70.A1W4
subject: Landscape archaeology--Italy, Central
subject: Cities and towns, Ancient--Italy, Central
subject: Social sciences--Network analysis
subject: Italy, Central--Antiquities
subject: Rome--Civilization
subject: Etruria--Civilization

description: The Iron Age saw increasing intra- and inter-regional connectivity, social hierarchy, and economic production of settlements in southern Etruria and Latium. Some settlements, such as Rome, prospered, while others did not. This research combined archaeological semiotics with spatial network analysis to explore exchange of fibulae and impasto cups among Rome and nine neighbour sites, from Tarquinia east to Narce and south to Satricum. It demonstrated how interactions between a site’s geographic location and mobility of goods led to differing levels of prominence and control of fibula and cup designs in the region. Fibula exchange shifted from a widespread network of enlarged arch and serpentine arch fibulae to a network of boat, leech bow, and dragon fibulae traded among smaller groups of sites. Concurrently, prominent sites shifted from coastal sites Tarquinia and Caere (Pyrgi) to inland sites, including Veii and Rome. Cup networks reached all sites but were centred on geographically close neighbours Gabii (Osteria dell’Osa), Rome, and Veii. Trends in cup shapes and decoration suggested building importance of Rome over the Iron Age, along with continuing or lessening importance of Veii and Gabii (Osteria dell’Osa). Although there was low correlation between travel costs or distance among sites and fibula or cup exchange, sites farthest from central sites Rome, Gabii (Osteria dell’Osa), and Veii tended to have lower participation in the networks. Over all networks, design specialization appears to have been less successful than generalization for sustained growth. As travel routes shifted over time, sites that specialized due to favourable location for imports (Caere), resources (Tarquinia), or reproduction and distribution (Veii) had momentary importance in exchange of materials. Rome’s sustained growth and importance can be attributed to location along trading routes and a generalist strategy of accumulating fibula and cup designs.
Enhancing Ambient Backscatter Communication Utilizing Coherent and Non-Coherent Space-Time Codes
Creators: name: Liu, Wenjing
name: Shen, Shanpu
name: Tsang, Danny H. K.
name: Murch, Ross
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) leverages the existing ambient radio frequency (RF) environment to implement communication with battery-free devices. The key challenge in the development of AmBC is the very weak RF signals backscattered by the AmBC Tag. To overcome this challenge, we propose the use of orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBC) by incorporating multiple antennas at the Tag as well as at the Reader. Our approach considers both coherent and non-coherent OSTBC so that systems with and without channel state information can be considered. To allow the application of OSTBC, we develop an approximate linearized and normalized multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel model for the AmBC system. This MIMO channel model is shown to be accurate for a wide range of useful operating conditions. Two coherent detectors and a non-coherent detector are also provided based on the proposed AmBC channel model. Simulation results show that enhanced bit error rate performance can be achieved, demonstrating the benefit of using multiple antennas at the Tag as well as the Reader.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
ASSESSING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF INDIAN COTTON PRODUCTION: A POLICY ANALYSIS MATRIX APPROACH
Creators: name: Mohanty, Samarendu
name: Fang, Cheng
name: Chaudhary, Jagadanand
name: Mohanty, Samarendu
name: Fang, Cheng
name: Chaudhary, Jagadanand
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This paper uses a modified policy analysis matrix (PAM) approach to assess the efficiency of cotton production in five major producing states in India. The results indicate that cotton is not efficiently produced in the second-largest cotton-producing state in the country. Without government interventions in this state, it is likely that acreage will move away from cotton to more profitable crops such as sugarcane and groundnut. In addition, we conclude that cotton is not the most efficiently produced crop in the other four states; however, there is at least one crop in each state that is less efficiently produced than cotton. These findings suggest that Indian policies directed at maintaining the availability of cheap cotton for the handloom and textile sectors have induced major inefficiencies in the cotton sector.
Patents and Other Intellectual Property Rights
Creators: name: Moschini, GianCarlo
name: Moschini, GianCarlo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Efficiency
subject: incentives
subject: innovation
subject: invention
subject: market failure
subject: monopoly
subject: property rights
subject: public good
subject: second best

description: This article reviews intellectual property rights (IPRs), with some emphasis on the protection of agricultural and life sciences innovations. The main institutional features of IPRs are first discussed, along with a brief historical background and an articulation of the main rationale for the existence of such rights. This is followed by an overview of the principal economic issues related to IPRs. The main benefit/cost trade-offs of allowing patents and other IPRs are explained, and specific issues are then analyzed in some depth, including the scope of patent protection, the effects of patent races, and the problems arising when IPRs concern cumulative and/or complementary innovations. The economics of IPRs are further illustrated by considering instruments alternative to patents, such as prizes and government procurement contracts. The article ends with a brief discussion of some open policy issues in this area.
Integrative clinical and biomechanical features predict in-hospital trauma mortality
Creators: name: Sawalkar, Abhishek Dnyaneshwar
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2024

description: Traumatic injury remains a leading cause of death both in the United States and globally (180,000 and 5 million deaths respectively each year) and there is uncertainty still about which patient clinical parameters impact thrombosis outcomes in these patients and how these clinical and biomechanical alterations together impact mortality subsequent to trauma. The complexity of in-hospital trauma-related mortality is likely the result of an interplay between clinical and biological (pathological) variables and therefore, restrictive single-data-type or step-wise multi-data analyses may not fully capture factors that contribute to mortality and risk. Here, using different state of the art machine learning approaches, our pilot study identifies top 20 integrative features from both clinical (hospital-derived) and biomechanical (laboratory-derived) measurements that help predict patient 3-day in-hospital mortality. We discover that the laboratory measures of biomechanical features are just as, if not more, important in determining the severity of patient outcomes post-injury. Features identified both confirm previously known clinical variables (e.g. PT, PTT, D-dimer) as well as offer new candidates (e.g. clot polymerization rate) that together contribute to improved prediction of mortality than current clinical severity scales (e.g. injury severity score ISS or abbreviated injury scale AIS-HEAD). We believe that these early results hold significant potential in future translation of a novel integrative measure of trauma patient outcome prediction.
Optimal Chinese Agricultural Trade Patterns under the Laws of Comparative Advantage
Creators: name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Fuller, Frank H.
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Fuller, Frank H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Agricultural trade
subject: Chinese agriculture
subject: comparative advantage
subject: Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek model

description: Using Chinese agricultural and resources data and an adaptation of the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) international trade model, this paper projects what Chinese trade, production, and consumption patterns would be if China allowed the laws of comparative advantage to direct production and trade decisions. This work is motivated by the fact that current production and consumption patterns in China are likely very different from those that would exist under complete liberalization. Any econometric-based model must use current production patterns as a base against which policy changes can be evaluated; however, the greater role of market forces following trade liberalization may render the conclusions of the econometric model invalid.
Feeding and the Equilibrium Feeder Animal Price-Weight Schedule
Creators: name: Hennessy, David A.
name: Hennessy, David A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: days on feed
subject: energy use
subject: feed ban
subject: growth hormones
subject: maintenance requirements
subject: ration energy density
subject: veal market

description: The feeder animal price is a derivative in the sense that its value depends upon the price of animals for the consumption market. It also depends upon the biological growth technology and feed costs. Daily maintenance costs are of particular interest to the husbander because they can be avoided through accelerated feeding. In this paper, the optimal feeding path under equilibrium feeder animal prices is established. This analysis is used to gain a better understanding of feeding decisions, regulation in feedstuff markets, and the consequences of genetic innovations. It is shown that days on feed can increase or decrease with a genetic innovation or other improvement in feed conversion efficiency. The structure of comparative prices for feeder animals at different weights, the early slaughter decision, and equilibrium in feeder animal markets are also developed. Feeder animal prices can increase over a weight interval if biological feed efficiency parameters are low over the interval.
X(1835) as the Lowest Mass Pseudoscalar Glueball and Proton Spin Problem
Creators: name: Kochelev, Nikolai
name: Min, Dong-Pil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the parity doublet structure observed in high hadronic excitations within the instanton model for the QCD vacuum. In the conventional approach this doubling phenomenon is treated as a manifestation of the partial restoration of chiral or $U(1)_A$ symmetry. We demonstrate that the suppression of direct instanton contribution to the masses of excited hadrons leads to the partial $U(1)_A$ symmetry restoration in hadron spectrum. The origin of X(1835) resonance observed by BES Collaboration is studied upon the doublet structure. We argue also how X(1835) be interpreted as the lowest pseudoscalar glueball state, and derive its coupling constant to proton. It turns out that this coupling is large and negative. Demonstrated is how this large coupling affects the gluonic contribution to the proton spin.
description: 12 pages, LaTex, 1 eps-figure, expanded discussion on mechanism of parity doubling in high hadronic excitations, version to appear in Phys.Lett.B
Can Quality Revitalize the Alaskan Salmon Industry?
Creators: name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Weninger, Quinn
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Weninger, Quinn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: product differentiation
subject: salmon
subject: quality assurance

description: Declining salmon prices, due primarily to expansion of farmed salmon production, have reduced revenues for Alaska's wild salmon fisheries by roughly 62 percent over the past 10 years. One possibility for reversing this trend is to differentiate wild and farmed salmon in consumer markets through quality improvements and marketing. We use a simple conceptual model to highlight the challenges that Alaska's wild salmon industry must overcome before the industry is likely to see significant revenue gains from increased quality. Our tentative conclusion is that product differentiation could increase profits for wild salmon. However, implementation may require significant departures from traditional production and management practices and possibly an amendment to the Alaska state constitution.
Joint Waveform and Beamforming Optimization for MIMO Wireless Power Transfer
Creators: name: Shen, Shanpu
name: Clerckx, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we study a multi-sine multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless power transfer (WPT) system with the objective to increase the output DC power. We jointly optimize the multi-sine waveform and beamforming accounting for the rectenna nonlinearity, and consider two combining schemes for the rectennas at the receiver, namely DC and RF combinings. For DC combining, the waveform and transmit beamforming are optimized, as a function of the channel state information (CSI). For RF combining, the optimal transmit and receive beamformings are provided in closed form and the waveform is optimized. We also consider a practical RF combining circuit using phase shifter and RF power combiner and optimize the waveform, transmit beamforming, and analog receive beamforming adaptive to the CSI. Two types of performance evaluations, based on the nonlinear rectenna model and accurate and realistic circuit simulations, are provided. The evaluations demonstrate that the joint waveform and beamforming design can increase the output DC power by leveraging the beamforming gain, the frequency diversity gain, and the rectenna nonlinearity. It also shows that the joint waveform and beamforming design provides a higher output DC power than the beamforming-only design with a relative gain of 180% in a two-transmit antenna sixteen-sinewave two-receive antenna setup.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2009.05967
Orderable groups and topology
Creators: name: Wilmarth, Constance
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis examines some connections between topology and group theory, in particular the theory of orderable groups. It investigates in close detail some landmark results on this mathematical interface, beginning with Holder's Theorem, and touches upon some recent results in this expanding field of research. Simply stated, Holder's Theorem asserts that Archimedean orderable groups are none other than subgroups of the group of real numbers under addition. Since Holder proved this in 1902, only one significant refinement, due to Paul Conrad, has been made, so these powerful theorems provide the foundation for our understanding of orderable groups. In particular this understanding has served topologists well. This thesis is mostly a distillation of work done in connection with topological applications of the theory, which are surprisingly varied and diverse. Burns and Hale's work on local indicability and right orderability is considered, as well as Bergman's study of the universal covering group of SL(2,R). In addition N. Smythe's extension of a classical result of Alexander's via the left orderability of the fundamental groups of certain surfaces is investigated.
SHAD3S: A model to Sketch, Shade and Shadow
Creators: name: Venkataramaiyer, Raghav B.
name: Joshi, Abhishek
name: Narang, Saisha
name: Namboodiri, Vinay P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hatching is a common method used by artists to accentuate the third dimension of a sketch, and to illuminate the scene. Our system SHAD3S attempts to compete with a human at hatching generic three-dimensional (3D) shapes, and also tries to assist her in a form exploration exercise. The novelty of our approach lies in the fact that we make no assumptions about the input other than that it represents a 3D shape, and yet, given a contextual information of illumination and texture, we synthesise an accurate hatch pattern over the sketch, without access to 3D or pseudo 3D. In the process, we contribute towards a) a cheap yet effective method to synthesise a sufficiently large high fidelity dataset, pertinent to task; b) creating a pipeline with conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN); and c) creating an interactive utility with GIMP, that is a tool for artists to engage with automated hatching or a form-exploration exercise. User evaluation of the tool suggests that the model performance does generalise satisfactorily over diverse input, both in terms of style as well as shape. A simple comparison of inception scores suggest that the generated distribution is as diverse as the ground truth.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables Accepted to WACV 2021. Project Page: https://bvraghav.com/shad3s/