Nhambikuara mima
Creators: name: Corahua-Espinoza, Thalia
name: Nakahara, Shinichi
name: Kabir, Jamal
name: Shellman, Brooke
name: Tejeira, Rafael
name: Ccahuana, Rodrigo
name: Gallice, Geoffrey
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Nymphalidae
Nhambikuara
Nhambikuara mima

description: Nhambikuara mima (Butler, 1867)
(2021-FLP-IMM-0486, 0489, 0520, 0521, 0528, 0536, 0537, 0538, 0539, 0542)
Egg (Fig. 1: 1a, b). Spherical, semi-transparent, pearl-like and whitish in color, with polygonal markings covering the surface. Black patchy irregular spots appear two days prior to hatching (Fig.1: 1b). Diameter: 1.1–1.2 mm (n=2). Duration: Unknown, hatched 2–6 days (n=8) after collection.
First instar (Fig. 1: 2a, b; Fig. 5: a). Head capsule width: 0.92 mm (n=1). Head capsule appearing black with rectangular scolus, with two rather broad seta (scolus length 0.16 mm (n=1)); three chalazae visible in frontal view, M1, M2, M3, with seta on each of M1-3; five setae visible on one side of labrum; six stemmata visible, with stemma 1 and 6 somewhat paler and thus insignificant, stemma 3 largest, closer to stemma 2 than 4. Body integument creamy-white and semi-transparent, influencing dark green (T1 to A5) to light green (A6 to A8) body color due to gut content; pair of white stripes in subdorsal area; tracheal system barely visible; chaetotaxy not fully discernible based on photographs, primary setae weakly bulbed at apex (sensu Murray (2001)), XD1 and XD2 visible on T1; D1, D2, SD1 and L1 apparently present from T1 to A10 (D1 approximately 1.5 times longer than D2 on A8 and A9); short, bifid caudal filaments. Body length: 4.0 mm (n=1). Duration: 7 days (n = 2).
Second instar (Fig. 1: 3a, b; Fig. 5: b). Head capsule width: 1.1 mm (n=1). Head capsule appearing light olive with numerous secondary setae and “antler-like” bifurcating scolus, inner short fork positioned perpendicular to horizontal plane, appearing darker distally, with seta on both tips (scolus length 0.64 mm (n=1)); seven chalazae visible on lateral side, M1, M2, M3, P1, P2, P3, P4, with primary seta on each of M1-3, P1,2; five setae visible on one of labrum; six stemmata visible, arrangement similar to previous instar. Body light green, dorsally with rather broad, white, parallel bands delineating the mid-dorsal region; four dorso-lateral stripes lateral to white bands, first band broadest and extending towards base of caudal filament, fourth narrow and somewhat insignificant; spiracles visible as dark green spots; short, bifid caudal filaments, dorsally pink. Body length: 6.4–8.0 mm (n=2). Duration: 7 days (n = 2).
Third instar (Fig. 1: 4a, b). Head capsule width: 1.5 mm (n=1). Head capsule appearing light olive with numerous secondary setae “antler-like” bifurcating scolus, inner short fork positioned perpendicular to horizontal plane, appearing darker distally, with seta on both tips (scolus length 0.4 mm (n=1)); seven chalazae visible on lateral side, M1, M2, M3, P1, P2, P3, P4, with primary seta on each of M1-3; five setae visible on one of labrum; six stemmata visible, arrangement similar to previous instar. Body light green, dorsally with rather broad, white, parallel bands delineating the mid-dorsal region; four dorso-lateral stripes lateral to white bands, first band broadest and extending towards base of caudal filament, fourth narrow and somewhat insignificant; spiracles visible as dark green spots; short, bifid caudal filaments, dorsally pink. Body length: 9.6–12.8 mm (n=4). Duration: 6–7 days (n = 2).
Fourth instar (Fig. 1: 5a, b). Head capsule width: 2.0 mm (n=1). Head capsule appearing olive with numerous secondary setae and “antler-like” bifurcating scolus, inner short fork positioned perpendicular to horizontal plane, appearing darker distally, with seta on both tips (scolus length 0.6 mm (n=1)); seven chalazae (M1-3, P1-4) visible on lateral side, developed compared to previous instar, with primary seta on each of these seven chalazae, as well as on two chalazae posterior of scolus; dark band-like marking visible on frontal part and lateral side of head capsule (as illustrated); five setae visible on one of labrum; six stemmata visible, arrangement similar to previous instar. Body pinkish dorsally and olive laterally; general pattern similar to previous instar except for inner margin of broad dorsal white band appearing thicker and thus delineating pink mid-dorsal region with contrast. Body length: 12.3–18.7 mm (n=4). Duration: 7–16 days (n=4).
Fifth (ultimate) instar (Fig. 1: 6a, b; Fig 5: c, d). Head capsule width: 3.1 mm (n=1). Head capsule appearing olive with numerous secondary setae and “antler-like” bifurcating scolus, similar to previous instar except for appearing shorter in proportion to head capsule height (scolus length 0.5 mm (n=1)); seven chalazae (M1-3, P1- 4) visible on lateral side, overall arrangement similar to previous instar; dark band-like marking visible on frontal part and lateral side of head capsule (as illustrated); five setae visible on one of labrum; six stemmata visible, arrangement similar to previous instar; labrum appearing reduced. Body pink, dorsally with dark rose mid-dorsal region delineated with creamy-white narrow band adjacent to pink broad dorsal region; stripes dorso-lateral to lateral bands appearing creamy-white and somewhat insignificant, except for thick creamy-white ventral margin; dark reddish, rounded spots present along posterior margin of dorso-lateral region from A1 to A6, as well as A7 but rather insignificant; spiracles visible as dark brownish spots; short, bifid caudal filaments, dorsally pink. Body length: 22.7–26.7 mm (n=4). Duration: 10–13 days (n=4).
Pupa (Fig. 1: 7a, b, c). Body light brown, mottled with dark brown especially prominent on thorax, head appearing rather pale ventrally except for antennae; body overall appearing slender with squared ocular caps; small brown protuberances present in two rows along dorsal area of abdomen (appearing darker on A1); paired shoulderlike protuberances present on the mesothorax; light brown cremaster, short and gradually narrowing towards distal end in posterior view, with rounded pitted sculptures. Body length: 12.0– 12.8 mm (n=2). Duration: 11–13 days (n=3).
Host plant (Fig 4: 1a-d; 2a-d). Taquara micrantha (Kunth) I.L.C.Oliveira & R.P.Oliveira (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae).
This is a species of herbaceous bamboo, usually found grouped with other individuals of the same species in understory light gaps, as well as along the forest edges at FLP. Taquara micrantha is a species characterized by considerable variation (Oliveira et al. 2020), which appears to be the case at FLP. The larvae were found feeding on two variations of Taquara micrantha, characterized by presence or absence of pubescence on the stem and leaves, during different months of the year.
Two larvae (2021-FLP-IMM-0486 and 2021-FLP-IMM-0489; July 2021) were found on a single T. micrantha plant growing in a gap near the edge of the forest. This plant had prominent pubescence on the stem and on the abaxial surface of the leaves (Fig. 4: 1a-d; one variation of Taquara micrantha). Eight eggs (2021-FLP-IMM-0520, 0521, 0528, 0536, 0537, 0538, 0539, 0542; September 2021) were found on plants near a palm swamp. These plants had lacked pubescence on the stem and scabrous abaxial surface (Fig. 4: 2a-d; another variation of Taquara micrantha).
Based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0489 at the time of larva collection for Nhambikuara mima (July 23, 2021), the plant was 0.4 m tall. The larva was found at a distance of 0.2 m from the ground, on the abaxial surface of the leaf, near the leaf apex, at the margin of the blade (Table 2).
description: Published as part of Corahua-Espinoza, Thalia, Nakahara, Shinichi, Kabir, Jamal, Shellman, Brooke, Tejeira, Rafael, Ccahuana, Rodrigo & Gallice, Geoffrey, 2022, Immature stages and new host plant records for four satyrine species feeding on herbaceous bamboos in southeastern Peru (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini), pp. 37-62 in Zootaxa 5125 (1) on pages 43-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5125.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6420356