cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An End-to-End Approach for Recognition of Modern and Historical Handwritten Numeral Strings
Creators: name: Hochuli, Andre G.
name: Britto, Alceu S.
name: Barddal, Jean P.
name: Oliveira, Luiz E. S.
name: Sabourin, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An end-to-end solution for handwritten numeral string recognition is proposed, in which the numeral string is considered as composed of objects automatically detected and recognized by a YoLo-based model. The main contribution of this paper is to avoid heuristic-based methods for string preprocessing and segmentation, the need for task-oriented classifiers, and also the use of specific constraints related to the string length. A robust experimental protocol based on several numeral string datasets, including one composed of historical documents, has shown that the proposed method is a feasible end-to-end solution for numeral string recognition. Besides, it reduces the complexity of the string recognition task considerably since it drops out classical steps, in special preprocessing, segmentation, and a set of classifiers devoted to strings with a specific length.
Beyond Endoscopy for the relative trace formula II: global theory
Creators: name: Sakellaridis, Yiannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F70

description: For the group G=PGL_2 we perform a comparison between two relative trace formulas: on one hand, the relative trace formula of Jacquet for the quotient T\backslash G/T, where T is a non-trivial torus, and on the other the Kuznetsov trace formula (involving Whittaker periods), applied to non-standard test functions. This gives a new proof of the celebrated result of Waldspurger on toric periods, and suggests a new way of comparing trace formulas, with some analogies to Langlands' "Beyond Endoscopy" program.
description: 109pp, improved presentation at various points, to appear in J. Inst. Math. Jussieu
Coalescence in a random background
Creators: name: Barton, Nick H.
name: Etheridge, Alison M.
name: Sturm, Anja K.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: coalescent
subject: selection
subject: recombination
subject: identity by descent
subject: random environment
subject: 60J80
subject: 60J85
subject: 60J70
subject: 60K35

description: We consider a single genetic locus which carries two alleles, labelled 푃 and  Ｑ. This locus experiences selection and mutation. It is linked to a second neutral locus with recombination rate 푟. If 푟 = 0, this reduces to the study of a single selected locus.  Assuming a Moran model for the population dynamics,  we pass to a diffusion approximation and, assuming that the allele frequencies at the selected locus have reached stationarity, establish the joint generating function for the genealogy of a sample from the population and the frequency of the 푃 allele. In essence this is the joint generating function for a coalescent and the random background in which it evolves. We use this to characterise, for the diffusion approximation, the probability of identity in state at the neutral locus of a sample of two individuals (whose type at the selected locus is known) as solutions to a system of  ordinary differential equations.  The only subtlety is to find the  boundary conditions for this system. Finally, numerical examples are presented that illustrate the accuracy and predictions of the diffusion approximation. In particular, a comparison is made between this approach and one in which the frequencies at the selected locus are estimated by their mean and a classical structured coalescent model is used.
title: Charcot neuroarthropathy of the foot
Creators: name: Alves, Filipe Barros
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 56-year-old male with a history of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus presented to our institution with a painless “mass” in the left foot, associated with local swollenness, developing in the previous 2 months.

For radiological evaluation, Left Foot Radiographs and MRI were requested.

description: 56 years, male
On deformations of multidimensional Poisson brackets of hydrodynamic type
Creators: name: Casati, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37K05, 37K25, 17B80

description: The theory of Poisson Vertex Algebras (PVAs) is a good framework to treat Hamiltonian partial differential equations. A PVA consists of a pair $(\mathcal{A},\{\cdot_λ\cdot\})$ of a differential algebra $\mathcal{A}$ and a bilinear operation called the $λ$-bracket. We extend the definition to the class of algebras $\mathcal{A}$ endowed with $d\geq1$ commuting derivations. We call this structure a \emph{multidimensional PVA}: it is a suitable setting to study Hamiltonian PDEs with $d$ spatial dimensions. We apply this theory to the study of deformations of the Poisson brackets of hydrodynamic type for $d=2$.
description: Revision with shorter exposition of the content of Sec 2 and new results about first cohomology groups. 50 pages. Reference and equation numbers fixed with respect to version 3
title: Migration and health:
title: a mixed-methods study among female migrants in Accra, Ghana.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Lattof, Samantha
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology

description: This thesis contributes to understanding female migration and health in Ghana at the national and sub-national levels. It presents the first detailed comparative analyses of female migration using data from Ghana’s Population and Housing Censuses (2000−2010) and exploits these data to understand the gendered dimensions of migration in Ghana. This thesis then presents primary analyses from mixed-methods fieldwork to examine health and migration at the sub-national level among female migrants who work in the informal
 sector as market porters (kayayei).
 Primary data on migrant kayayei in Accra were collected using respondent driven sampling in an attempt to overcome challenges reported by other researchers surveying kayayei. Analyses of survey data (n = 625) and in-depth interviews (n = 48) examine the usefulness of respondent driven sampling in sampling migrants and assess health insurance and careseeking behaviours among recently ill/injured migrant kayayei.
 The findings in this thesis highlight that working-age migration is particularly pronounced in 2010, reinforcing economic opportunity as a likely driver of migration for both sexes. Census data identify one in three Ghanaian girls and women as internal migrants. Capturing data on highly mobile, vulnerable migrant populations can be difficult. Respondent driven sampling is not a one-size-fits-all solution for sampling hard-to-reach migrants in low- and middle-income countries, although respondent driven sampling
 produced the most comprehensive data set on migrant kayayei to date. These data show that access to formal health care in Accra remains largely inaccessible to kayayei migrants who suffer from greater illness/injury than the general female population in Accra and who are hindered in their ability to receive insurance exemptions.
 Too often, the lack of data on female migration reinforces the out-dated stereotype that girls and women do not participate in migration. The analyses in this thesis refute this stereotype and challenge historical assumptions that underestimated female migration. With internal migration on the rise in many settings, including Ghana, health systems must better recognise and respond to the varied needs of populations in multi-ethnic and multilingual countries to ensure that internal migrants can access affordable, quality health services across domestic borders.
A note on median eigenvalues of subcubic graphs
Creators: name: Wang, Yuzhenni
name: Zhang, Xiao-Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C50

description: Let $G$ be an simple graph of order $n$ whose adjacency eigenvalues are $λ_1\ge\dots\geλ_n$. The HL--index of $G$ is defined to be $R(G)= \max\{|λ_{h}|, |λ_{l}|\}$ with $h=\left\lfloor\frac{n+1}{2}\right\rfloor$ and $ l=\left\lceil\frac{n+1}{2}\right\rceil.$ Mohar conjectured that $R(G)\le 1$ for every planar subcubic graph $G$. In this note, we prove that Mohar's Conjecture holds for every $K_4$-minor-free subcubic graph. Note that a $K_4$-minor-free graph is also called a series--parallel graph. In addition, $R(G)\le 1$ for every subcubic graph $G$ which contains a subgraph $K_{2,3}$.
description: 6 pages, 1figure
Hard-Soft-Collinear Factorization to All Orders
Creators: name: Feige, Ilya
name: Schwartz, Matthew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a precise statement of hard-soft-collinear factorization of scattering amplitudes and prove it to all orders in perturbation theory. Factorization is formulated as the equality at leading power of scattering amplitudes in QCD with other amplitudes in QCD computed from a product of operator matrix elements. The equivalence is regulator independent and gauge independent. As the formulation relates amplitudes to the same amplitudes with additional soft or collinear particles, it includes as special cases the factorization of soft currents and collinear splitting functions from generic matrix elements, both of which are shown to be process independent to all orders. We show that the overlapping soft-collinear region is naturally accounted for by vacuum matrix elements of kinked Wilson lines. Although the proof is self-contained, it combines techniques developed for the study of pinch surfaces, scattering amplitudes, and effective field theory.
description: 88 pages. Version 3 is updated to match the PRD article
Weak KAM approach to first-order Mean Field Games with state constraints
Creators: name: Cannarsa, Piermarco
name: Cheng, Wei
name: Mendico, Cristian
name: Wang, Kaizhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35D40, 35F21, 49J45, 49J53, 49L25

description: We study the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the constrained MFG system as the time horizon $T$ goes to infinity. For this purpose, we analyze first Hamilton-Jacobi equations with state constraints from the viewpoint of weak KAM theory, constructing a Mather measure for the associated variational problem. Using these results, we show that a solution to the constrained ergodic mean field games system exists and the ergodic constant is unique. Finally, we prove that any solution of the first-order constrained MFG problem on $[0,T]$ converges to the solution of the ergodic system as $T \to +\infty$.
Investigating CYP2C9 as a potential biomarker for gastric adenocarcinoma using bioinformatics analysis
Creators: name: Adefuye, Ifelayo I.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: Gastric cancer is a complex and an aggressive type of cancer within the stomach lining. Due to lack of specific symptoms and signs in early stages of gastric cancer, patients are still mostly diagnosed at the advanced stage with consequent poor outcome and poor survival rate. There is an urgency to identify novel biomarkers to predict and detect gastric cancer at the early stage. Cytochrome p450 genes (CYP450) are crucial players in phase 1- xenobiotic metabolism that metabolizes many xenobiotics and endogenous molecules. CYP450 play an important role in carcinogenesis, chemoprevention, and chemotherapy. However, connection between gastric cancer and CYP450 remain unclear. In this study, how changes in the expression level of the identified CYP450 polymorphism correlate with gastric cancer progression have been investigated. Comprehensive strategy which involves identification of differential expressed genes (DEGs), network analysis, enrichment analysis and survival analysis were implemented to elucidate and validate the correlation of cytochrome P450 genes as a potential biomarker for gastric cancer. A total of 168 DEGs were identified from GSE13911 which includes 59 upregulated genes and 109 downregulated genes. From the GEO2R analysis of GSE13911, four CYP2C9 (downregulated) were detected. Based on the PPI network constructed using the identified DEGs, 20 core genes were identified. The GO analysis results showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in certain biological processes including potassium ion transport. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis for downregulated genes were significantly enriched in gastric acid secretion, glycerolipid metabolism, retinol metabolism, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 and metabolic pathways. According to cBioPortal survival analysis high expression of CYP2C9 gene is associated with increased probability of overall survival (OS) and low expression of CYP2C9 gene is associated with reduced survival rate. Based on findings from this study, gastric cancer predispositions are not only due to changes in CYP2C9 gene expression, but it may be influenced by multiple genes. Low expression of CYP2C9 gene may be associated with increased risk of developing gastric cancer. Identifying individuals with low expression of CYP2C9 could help improve the survival rate of patient with high-risk gastric cancer associated with low expression of CYP2C9.
The persistent congestion problem of FAST-TCP: analysis and solutions
Creators: name: Rodríguez-Pérez, Miguel
name: Herrería-Alonso, Sergio
name: Fernández-Veiga, Manuel
name: López-García, Cándido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: FAST-TCP achieves better performance than traditional TCP-Reno schemes, but unfortunately it is inherently unfair to older connections due to wrong estimations of the round-trip propagation delay. This paper presents a model for this anomalous behavior of FAST flows, known as the persistent congestion problem. We first develop an elementary analysis for a scenario with just two flows, and then build up the general case with an arbitrary number of flows. The model correctly quantifies how much unfairness shows up among the different connections, confirming experimental observations made by several previous studies. We built on this model to develop an algorithm to obtain a good estimate of the propagation delay for FAST-TCP that enables to achieve fairness between aged and new connections while preserving the high throughput and low buffer occupancy of the original protocol. Furthermore, our proposal only requires a modification of the sender host, avoiding the need to upgrade the intermediate routers in any way.
A method to capture the large relativistic and solvent effects on the UV-vis spectra of photo-activated metal complexes
Creators: name: Creutzberg, Joel
name: Hedegård, Erik Donovan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have recently developed a method based on relativistic time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) that allows the calculation of electronic spectra in solution (Creutzberg, Hedegård, J. Chem. Theory Comput.18, 2022, 3671). This method treats the solvent explicitly with a classical, polarizable embedding (PE) description. Furthermore, it employs the complex polarization propagator (CPP) formalism which allows calculations on complexes with a dense population of electronic states (such complexes are known to be problematic for conventional TD-DFT). Here, we employ this method to investigate both the dynamic and electronic effects of the solvent for the excited electronic states of trans-trans-trans-[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(NH3)2] in aqueous solution. This complex decomposes into species harmful to cancer cells under light irradiation. Thus, understanding its photo-physical properties may lead to a more efficient method to battle cancer. We quantify the effect of the underlying structure and dynamics by classical molecular mechanics simulations, refined with a subsequent DFT or semi-empirical optimization on a cluster. Moreover, we quantify the effect of employing different methods to set up the solvated system, e.g., how sensitive the results are to the method used for the refinement, and how large a solvent shell that is required. The electronic solvent effect is always included through a PE potential.
Fourier multipliers for weighted $L^{2}$ spaces with Lévy-Khinchin-Schoenberg weights
Creators: name: Nikolski, Nikolai K.
name: Verbitsky, Igor E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B15, 46B15, 47A10

description: We present a class of weight functions $ w$ on the circle $ \mathbb{T}$, called Lévy-Khinchin-Schoenberg (LKS) weights, for which we are able to completely characterize (in terms of a capacitary inequality) all Fourier multipliers for the weighted space $ L^{2}(\mathbb{T},w)$. We show that the multiplier algebra is nontrivial if and only if $ 1/w\in L^{1}(\mathbb{T})$, and in this case multipliers satisfy the Spectral Localization Property (no "hidden spectrum"). On the other hand, the Muckenhoupt $ (A_{2})$ condition responsible for the basis property of exponentials $ (e^{ikx})$ is more or less independent of the Spectral Localization Property and LKS requirements. Some more complicated compositions of LKS weights are considered as well.
description: Version 2: Remark at the end of Sec. 2 deleted, discussion of the splitting case added (Remarks after Lemma 2.1, Lemma 2.3, Lemma 3.8), Theorem 3.4 modified in the case $1/w \not\in L^1(\mathbb{T})$, Secs. 4-5 unchanged
Generalized Wald-type Tests based on Minimum Density Power Divergence Estimators
Creators: name: Basu, Ayanendranath
name: Mandal, Abhijit
name: Martin, Nirian
name: Pardo, Leandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Primary 62F35, Secondary 62F03

description: In testing of hypothesis the robustness of the tests is an important concern. Generally, the maximum likelihood based tests are most efficient under standard regularity conditions, but they are highly non-robust even under small deviations from the assumed conditions. In this paper we have proposed generalized Wald-type tests based on minimum density power divergence estimators for parametric hypotheses. This method avoids the use of nonparametric density estimation and the bandwidth selection. The trade-off between efficiency and robustness is controlled by a tuning parameter $β$. The asymptotic distributions of the test statistics are chi-square with appropriate degrees of freedom. The performance of the proposed tests are explored through simulations and real data analysis.
description: 26 pages, 10 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1403.0330
A new approach on locally checkable problems
Creators: name: Bonomo-Braberman, Flavia
name: Gonzalez, Carolina Lucía
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C15, 05C69, 05C85, 68Q25, 68R10

description: By providing a new framework, we extend previous results on locally checkable problems in bounded treewidth graphs. As a consequence, we show how to solve, in polynomial time for bounded treewidth graphs, double Roman domination and Grundy domination, among other problems for which no such algorithm was previously known. Moreover, by proving that fixed powers of bounded degree and bounded treewidth graphs are also bounded degree and bounded treewidth graphs, we can enlarge the family of problems that can be solved in polynomial time for these graph classes, including distance coloring problems and distance domination problems (for bounded distances).
Oka properties of groups of holomorphic and algebraic automorphisms of complex affine space
Creators: name: Forstneric, Franc
name: Larusson, Finnur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32E10 (Primary), 14R10, 32E30, 32H02, 32Q28 (Secondary)

description: We show that the group of all holomorphic automorphisms of complex affine space $\mathbb C^n$, $n>1$, and several of its subgroups satisfy the parametric Oka property with approximation and with interpolation on discrete sets.
description: This version is essentially identical to the published version. The previously posted version was withdrawn by mistake, and the withdrawal comment does not pertain to this paper
Thinness of product graphs
Creators: name: Bonomo-Braberman, Flavia
name: Gonzalez, Carolina L.
name: Oliveira, Fabiano S.
name: Sampaio, Moysés S.
name: Szwarcfiter, Jayme L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.2.2
subject: 05C76

description: The thinness of a graph is a width parameter that generalizes some properties of interval graphs, which are exactly the graphs of thinness one. Many NP-complete problems can be solved in polynomial time for graphs with bounded thinness, given a suitable representation of the graph. In this paper we study the thinness and its variations of graph products. We show that the thinness behaves "well" in general for products, in the sense that for most of the graph products defined in the literature, the thinness of the product of two graphs is bounded by a function (typically product or sum) of their thinness, or of the thinness of one of them and the size of the other. We also show for some cases the non-existence of such a function.
description: 45 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1704.00379
Precedence thinness in graphs
Creators: name: Bonomo-Braberman, Flavia
name: Oliveira, Fabiano S.
name: Sampaio, Moysés S.
name: Szwarcfiter, Jayme L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.2.2
subject: 05C75, 05C85

description: Interval and proper interval graphs are very well-known graph classes, for which there is a wide literature. As a consequence, some generalizations of interval graphs have been proposed, in which graphs in general are expressed in terms of $k$ interval graphs, by splitting the graph in some special way. As a recent example of such an approach, the classes of $k$-thin and proper $k$-thin graphs have been introduced generalizing interval and proper interval graphs, respectively. The complexity of the recognition of each of these classes is still open, even for fixed $k \geq 2$. In this work, we introduce a subclass of $k$-thin graphs (resp. proper $k$-thin graphs), called precedence $k$-thin graphs (resp. precedence proper $k$-thin graphs). Concerning partitioned precedence $k$-thin graphs, we present a polynomial time recognition algorithm based on $PQ$-trees. With respect to partitioned precedence proper $k$-thin graphs, we prove that the related recognition problem is \NP-complete for an arbitrary $k$ and polynomial-time solvable when $k$ is fixed. Moreover, we present a characterization for these classes based on threshold graphs.
description: 33 pages
Forbidden induced subgraph characterization of circle graphs within split graphs
Creators: name: Bonomo-Braberman, Flavia
name: Durán, Guillermo A.
name: Pardal, Nina
name: Safe, Martín D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C75

description: A graph is circle if its vertices are in correspondence with a family of chords in a circle in such a way that every two distinct vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding chords have nonempty intersection. Even though there are diverse characterizations of circle graphs, a structural characterization by minimal forbidden induced subgraphs for the entire class of circle graphs is not known, not even restricted to split graphs (which are the graphs whose vertex set can be partitioned into a clique and a stable set). In this work, we give a characterization by minimal forbidden induced subgraphs of circle graphs, restricted to split graphs.
description: 59 pages, 15 figures
Multi-frame denoising of high speed optical coherence tomography data using inter-frame and intra-frame priors
Creators: name: Bian, Liheng
name: Suo, Jinli
name: Chen, Feng
name: Dai, Qionghai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an important interferometric diagnostic technique which provides cross-sectional views of the subsurface microstructure of biological tissues. However, the imaging quality of high-speed OCT is limited due to the large speckle noise. To address this problem, this paper proposes a multi-frame algorithmic method to denoise OCT volume. Mathematically, we build an optimization model which forces the temporally registered frames to be low rank, and the gradient in each frame to be sparse, under logarithmic image formation and noise variance constraints. Besides, a convex optimization algorithm based on the augmented Lagrangian method is derived to solve the above model. The results reveal that our approach outperforms the other methods in terms of both speckle noise suppression and crucial detail preservation.
A review of plasma liquid interactions for nanomaterial synthesis
Creators: name: Chen, Qiang
name: Li, Junshuai
name: Li, Yongfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this review, we have summarized the recent advances and present conditions of the nanomaterials synthesis from the plasma-liquid interactions. A theoretical analysis for the nanomaterials synthesis process is presented by analyzing the experimental data. Besides the theoretical analysis, the practical applications in several nanomaterials syntheses of the the plasma-liquid interactions are also presented.
description: 71 pages, 19 figures, Submitted to Journal of Physics D
The salty night
Creators: name: Sather, Nicholas Allen
Publisher: name: Galter Health Science Library & Learning Center
Year: 2017

description: This image originally appeared as part of Northwestern's Scientific Images Contest. The contest and subsequent exhibitions are organized by Science in Society, the university's research center for science education and public engagement. Further information and opportunities to participate are available on their website. Prints and canvas editions of these Northwestern research images can also be purchased online (with the small net profit going to science education and outreach programming in the Chicago area).
description: 2017 Fifth Place
title: Painless Palmar Angioleiomyoma
Creators: name: Santos, João Garrido
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Extremities
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: MR
subject: MR-Angiography
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Outcomes
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: We present an unusual case of a 61-year-old man with a large and slow-growing soft tissue mass in the palmar aspect of the left hand. There was no association with pain or history of trauma. No other known diseases, namely rheumatological diseases.

description: 61 years, male
Transferability of ANN-generated parameter sets from welding tracks to 3D-geometries in Directed Energy Deposition
Creators: name: Marko, Angelina
name: Bähring, Stefan
name: Raute, Julius
name: Biegler, Max
name: Rethmeier, Michael
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: additive manufacturing
subject: artificial neural network
subject: DED
subject: quality assurance
subject: welding parameter

description: Directed energy deposition (DED) has been in industrial use as a coating process for many years. Modern applications include the repair of existing components and additive manufacturing. The main advantages of DED are high deposition rates and low energy input. However, the process is influenced by a variety of parameters affecting the component quality. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) offer the possibility of mapping complex processes such as DED. They can serve as a tool for predicting optimal process parameters and quality characteristics. Previous research only refers to weld beads: a transferability to additively manufactured three-dimensional components has not been investigated. In the context of this work, an ANN is generated based on 86 weld beads. Quality categories (poor, medium, and good) are chosen as target variables to combine several quality features. The applicability of this categorization compared to conventional characteristics is discussed in detail. The ANN predicts the quality category of weld beads with an average accuracy of 81.5%. Two randomly generated parameter sets predicted as “good” by the network are then used to build tracks, coatings, walls, and cubes. It is shown that ANN trained with weld beads are suitable for complex parameter predictions in a limited way.
Hardy inequalities and Assouad dimensions
Creators: name: Lehrbäck, Juha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26D15 (Primary), 31E05, 46E35 (Secondary)

description: We establish both sufficient and necessary conditions for weighted Hardy inequalities in metric spaces in terms of Assouad (co)dimensions. Our sufficient conditions in the case where the complement is thin are new even in Euclidean spaces, while in the case of a thick complement we give new formulations for previously known sufficient conditions which reveal a natural duality between these two cases. Our necessary conditions are rather straight-forward generalizations from the unweighted case, but together with some examples they indicate the essential sharpness of our results. In addition, we consider the mixed case where the complement may contain both thick and thin parts.
description: 23 pages. Minor revisions to the previous versions
title: Ratchet phenomena in quantum dissipative systems with spin-orbit interactions
Creators: name: Smirnov, Sergey
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Spin-Bahn-Wechselwirkung , Dissipation , Ratsche , Spintronik , Quantendissipation , Rashba Spin-Bahn Wechselwirkung , spintronics , quantum dissipation , Rashba spin-orbit interaction
subject: 530 Physik
subject: 72.25.Dc
subject: 03.65.Yz
subject: 73.23.-b
subject: 05.60.Gg

description: For the case of moderate-to-strong quantum dissipation it is demonstrated that under electric driving the spin ratchet mechanism is present if the periodic potential of an isolated superlattice with Rashba spin-orbit interaction (RSOI) is spatially asymmetric and that the charge ratchet mechanism is absent when the electrons in the superlattice populate only one Bloch band. An in-plane stationary magnetic field is taken into account. It is proven that such a magnetic field does not break the existence conditions of the spin ratchet mechanism but it can significantly enhance or reduce the spin ratchet current. Finally, a magnetic driving field is involved and it is shown that the charge ratchet mechanism appears in this case just because of the coexistence of quantum dissipation and Rashba spin flip processes in the isolated system. A remarkable feature of this charge ratchet mechanism is that it exists even when the periodic potential of the RSOI superlattice is symmetric in space and the driving is symmetric in time.
description: Für den Bereich mittelstarker bis starker Quantendissipation wird gezeigt, dass bei elektrischem Antrieb ein Spin-Ratchet-Mechanismus existieren kann. Voraussetzung dafür ist, dass das periodische Potential eines isolierten Übergitters mit Rashba-Spin-Bahn-Wechselwirkung (RSBW) räumlich asymmetrisch ist. Falls die Elektronen im Übergitter nur eines der Bloch-Bänder besetzen, gibt es dabei keinen Ladungs-Ratchet-Mechanismus. Wir berücksichtigen auch den Einfluss eines statischen Magnetfeldes, das in der Ebene liegt. Es wird gezeigt, dass ein solches Magnetfeld die Existenzbedingung für den Spin-Ratchet-Mechanismus nicht stört, aber es kann den Spin-Ratchet-Strom erheblich vergrößern oder verringern. Schließlich erlauben wir den Antrieb durch ein magnetisches Feld und zeigen, dass in diesem Fall ein Landungs-Ratchet-Mechanismus auftritt, aber nur aufgrund der Koexistenz von Quantendissipation und Rashba-Spin-Flip-Prozessen im isolierten System. Erstaunlicherweise tritt dieser Landungs-Ratchet-Mechanismus auch auf, wenn das periodische Potential des RSBW-Übergitters symmetrisch bezüglich des Ortes, und die Antriebskraft symmetrisch bezüglich der Zeit ist.
title: An economic evaluation of telehealth and telecare in England.
Creators: name: Henderson, Catherine
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology

description: In the English health and social care system, budgets are now constrained more than ever, while an increasing proportion of the population is expected to require care. There is an urgent need to find new ways to enable people with long-term illness and disability to live well, within the national budget. Policymakers have embraced new assistive technologies such as telecare and telehealth as a means to achieve this goal. Evidence that telehealth is cost-effective is emerging but remains limited; evidence on the impacts of telecare is still more limited. In this thesis I investigate the effectiveness of two advanced assistive technologies, telehealth and telecare, in improving or maintaining health-related quality of life and other psychological outcomes, given the costs of providing these interventions.
 I deploy cost-effectiveness methods to analyse questionnaire data from two large-scale randomised controlled trials of telecare and telehealth in England. Drawing on provider data collected during the evaluation, I describe the inputs to production of the telehealth and telecare interventions and calculate their unit costs. I describe the health and social care costs of telehealth and telecare participants and explore participant characteristics associated with cost variations.
 The results of cost-effectiveness analyses of telehealth and telecare indicate that these technological interventions did not produce the hoped-for improvements in self-reported quality of life and other psychosocial outcomes, nor reduce the overall estimated annual costs of health and social care. Policymakers and practitioners would benefit from better evidence on the mechanisms by which telecare and telehealth ‘work’, and for whom, to direct future investments of resources into these technologies.
Dynamics of a particle confined in a two-dimensional dilating and deforming domain
Creators: name: Anzà, F.
name: Di Martino, S.
name: Messina, A.
name: Militello, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some recent results concerning a particle confined in a one-dimensional box with moving walls are briefly reviewed. By exploiting the same techniques used for the 1D problem, we investigate the behavior of a quantum particle confined in a two-dimensional box (a 2D billiard) whose walls are moving, by recasting the relevant mathematical problem with moving boundaries in the form of a problem with fixed boundaries and time-dependent Hamiltonian. Changes of the shape of the box are shown to be important, as it clearly emerges from the comparison between the "pantographic", case (same shape of the box through all the process) and the case with deformation.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures
The mapping class group of connect sums of $S^2 \times S^1$
Creators: name: Brendle, Tara
name: Broaddus, Nathan
name: Putman, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $M_n$ be the connect sum of $n$ copies of $S^2 \times S^1$. A classical theorem of Laudenbach says that the mapping class group $\text{Mod}(M_n)$ is an extension of $\text{Out}(F_n)$ by a group $(\mathbb{Z}/2)^n$ generated by sphere twists. We prove that this extension splits, so $\text{Mod}(M_n)$ is the semidirect product of $\text{Out}(F_n)$ by $(\mathbb{Z}/2)^n$, which $\text{Out}(F_n)$ acts on via the dual of the natural surjection $\text{Out}(F_n) \rightarrow \text{GL}_n(\mathbb{Z}/2)$. Our splitting takes $\text{Out}(F_n)$ to the subgroup of $\text{Mod}(M_n)$ consisting of mapping classes that fix the homotopy class of a trivialization of the tangent bundle of $M_n$. Our techniques also simplify various aspects of Laudenbach's original proof, including the identification of the twist subgroup with $(\mathbb{Z}/2)^n$.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures; to appear in Trans. Amer. Math. Soc
Cascadic Tensor Multigrid Method and Economic Cascadic Tensor Multigrid Method for Image Restoration Problems
Creators: name: Yan, Ziqi
name: Li, Chenliang
name: Chen, Yuhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A69, 65F22, 68U10, 65M55

description: A cascadic tensor multigrid method and an economic cascadic tensor multigrid method is presented for solving the image restoration models. The methods use quadratic interpolation as prolongation operator to provide more accurate initial values for the next fine grid level, and constructs a preserving-edge-denoising operator to obtain better edges and remove noise. The experimental results show that the new methods not only improves computational efficiency but also achieve better restoration quality.
Yamada-Watanabe results for stochastic differential equations with jumps
Creators: name: Barczy, Matyas
name: Li, Zenghu
name: Pap, Gyula
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H10, 60G57

description: Recently, Kurtz (2007, 2014) obtained a general version of the Yamada-Watanabe and Engelbert theorems relating existence and uniqueness of weak and strong solutions of stochastic equations covering also the case of stochastic differential equations with jumps. Following the original method of Yamada and Watanabe (1971), we give alternative proofs for the following two statements: pathwise uniqueness implies uniqueness in the sense of probability law, and weak existence together with pathwise uniqueness imply strong existence for stochastic differential equations with jumps.
description: 40 pages
List strong edge coloring of some classes of graphs
Creators: name: Ruksasakchai, Watcharintorn
name: Wang, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C15

description: A {\em strong edge coloring} of a graph is a proper edge coloring in which every color class is an induced matching. The {\em strong chromatic index} of a graph is the minimum number of colors needed to obtain a strong edge coloring. In an analogous way, we can define the list version of strong edge coloring and list version of strong chromatic index. In this paper, we prove that if $G$ is a graph with maximum degree at most four and maximum average degree less than $3$, then the list strong chromatic index is at most $3Δ+ 1$, where $Δ$ is the maximum degree of $G$. In addition, we prove that if $G$ is a planar graph with maximum degree at least $4$ and girth at least $7$, then the list strong chromatic index is at most $3Δ$.
description: 7 pages; published version
Purcell-Enhanced Single-Photon Emission in the Telecom C-Band
Creators: name: Kaupp, Jochen
name: Reum, Yorick
name: Kohr, Felix
name: Michl, Johannes
name: Buchinger, Quirin
name: Wolf, Adriana
name: Peniakov, Giora
name: Huber-Loyola, Tobias
name: Pfenning, Andreas
name: Höfling, Sven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Purcell-enhanced quantum dot single-photon emission in the telecom C-band from InAs quantum dots inside circular Bragg grating cavities is shown. The InAs quantum dots are grown by means of molecular beam epitaxy on an InP substrate and are embedded into a quaternary $\mathrm{In}_{0.53}\mathrm{Al}_{0.23}\mathrm{Ga}_{0.24}\mathrm{As}$ membrane structure. In a post-growth flip-chip process with subsequent substrate removal and electron beam-lithography, circular Bragg grating ("bullseye") resonators are defined. Micro-photoluminescence studies of the devices at cryogenic temperatures of T = 5 K reveal individual quantum dot emission lines into a pronounced cavity mode. Time-correlated single-photon counting measurements under above-band gap excitation yield Purcell-enhanced excitonic decay times of $τ= (180 \pm 3)$ ps corresponding to a Purcell factor of $F_P = (6.7 \pm 0.6)$. Pronounced photon antibunching with a background limited $g^{(2)}(0) = (0.057 \pm 0.004)$ is observed, which demonstrates that the light originated mostly from one single quantum dot.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Sound and surface waves in poroelastic media
Creators: name: Albers, Bettina
name: Wilmanski, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Waves in porous media
subject: monochromatic waves
subject: surface waves
subject: 74J10
subject: 74J15
subject: 74F10

description: We consider two problems of propagation of weak discontinuity waves in porous materials. In the first part we present basic properties of bulk waves in fully saturated materials. These materials are modelled by a two-component immiscible mixture. We present general propagation conditions for such a model which yield three modes of propagation: P1-, S-, and P2-waves. Then we discuss the dispersion relation and we show that results are strongly dependent on the way in which waves are excited. In the second part we present some properties of surface waves. We begin with the classical Rayleigh and Love problems and then we extend them on heterogeneous materials important in practical applications. Subsequently we proceed to surface waves in two-component porous materials on the contact surface with vacuum (impermeable boundary) and with a liquid (permeable boundary). We show the existence of different modes of surface waves in the high frequency limit as well as the degeneration of the problem in the low frequency limit.
Learning from avian nest constructions
Creators: name: Benessi, Augustina
name: Zgonc, Teresa
name: Miret, Santiago
name: Saez, Dana Laura
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2023

description: Talk Lehre 2023, Aachen, Germany, 14 Jun 2023 - 14 Jun 2023; Aachen : RWTH Aachen University (2023).
description: Published by RWTH Aachen University, Aachen
Nonextensive thermodynamic functions in the Schrödinger-Gibbs ensemble
Creators: name: Alonso, J. L.
name: Castro, A.
name: Clemente-Gallardo, J.
name: Cuchí, J. C.
name: Echenique-Robba, P.
name: Esteve, J. G.
name: Falceto, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Schrödinger suggested that thermodynamical functions cannot be based on the gratuitous allegation that quantum-mechanical levels (typically the orthogonal eigenstates of the Hamiltonian operator) are the only allowed states for a quantum system [E. Schrödinger, Statistical Thermodynamics (Courier Dover, Mineola, 1967)]. Different authors have interpreted this statement by introducing density distributions on the space of quantum pure states with weights obtained as functions of the expectation value of the Hamiltonian of the system. In this work we focus on one of the best known of these distributions, and we prove that, when considered in composite quantum systems, it defines partition functions that do not factorize as products of partition functions of the noninteracting subsystems, even in the thermodynamical regime. This implies that it is not possible to define extensive thermodynamical magnitudes such as the free energy, the internal energy or the thermodynamic entropy by using these models. Therefore, we conclude that this distribution inspired by Schrödinger's idea can not be used to construct an appropriate quantum equilibrium thermodynamics.
description: 32 pages, revtex 4.1 preprint style, 5 figures. Published version with several changes with respect to v2 in text and references
Asymptotic analysis for Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations on Euclidean space
Creators: name: Cannarsa, Piermarco
name: Mendico, Cristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B40, 35F21, 37J60

description: The long-time average behavior of the value function in the calculus of variations is known to be connected to the existence of the limit of the corresponding Abel means. Still in the Tonelli case, such a limit is in turn related to the existence of solutions of the critical Hamilton-Jacobi equation. The goal of this paper is to address similar issues when set on the whole Euclidean space and the Hamiltonian fails to be Tonelli. We first study the convergence of the time-averaged value function as the time horizon goes to infinity, proving the existence of the critical constant for a general control system. Then, we show that the ergodic equation admits solutions for systems associated with a family of vector fields which satisfies the Lie Algebra rank condition. Finally, we construct a critical solution of the HJB equation on the whole space which coincides with its Lax-Oleinik evolution.
description: 30 pages