cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MOESM3 of Human leucocyte antigen class I in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer: association with response and survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Creators: name: Sinn, Bruno
name: Weber, Karsten
name: Schmitt, Wolfgang
name: Fasching, Peter
name: Symmans, William
name: Jens-Uwe Blohmer
name: Karn, Thomas
name: Taube, Eliane
name: Klauschen, Frederick
name: Marmé, Frederik
name: Schem, Christian
name: Stickeler, Elmar
name: Ataseven, Beyhan
name: Huober, Jens
name: Minckwitz, Gunter
name: Seliger, Barbara
name: Denkert, Carsten
name: Loibl, Sibylle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. Patient and tumor characteristics of the German Breast Group GeparTrio cohort that was evaluated by immunohistochemistry for HLA class I HC expression compared to frequencies in the overall study population. Table S2. Patient and tumor characteristics of the HR+/HER2- subset of the GeparTrio cohort (immunohistochemistry) and the MD Anderson Cancer Center cohort (Affymetrix U133A microarrays). Table S3. Univariate Cox and logistic regression within tumor subtypes and multivariate Cox and logistic regression in patients with HR+/HER2- breast cancer using the percentage of tumor cells positively stained for MHC I. Table S4. Correlations (Spearman’s ρ) of the immune cell metagenes with HLA-A expression, ESR1 and AURKA expression as a surrogate marker for proliferation.
Abstract of: A micro-mechanically motivated model for the strength of heat-treated glass
Creators: name: Bonati, Antonio
name: Occhiuzzi, Antonio
name: Pisano, Gabriele
name: Royer-Carfagni, Gianni
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: In structural design the bending strength of heat-treated glass is in general calculated as the simple sum of the characteristic values of the strength of annealed glass and of the thermally-induced prestress, considered as the 5% quantiles of the corresponding statistical distributions. However, the probability that two stochastic variables attain small values simultaneously is quite low; therefore, it is expected that the 5% quantile of the heat-treated glass strength is higher than the simple sum of the 5% quantiles of the two constituent distributions. Here, we theoretically confirm this result by assuming a two-parameter Weibull distribution for the population of annealed glass strengths and a Gaussian distribution for the thermal stresses. Although recent studies have confirmed that the two-parameter Weibull distribution cannot properly interpret the left-hand-side-tail of the annealed-glass strength population, it is here shown that the statistical competition with the surface prestress lowers the importance of a very precise interpretation of the left-handside tail. Remarkably, since glass strength is governed by the opening of surface cracks in mode I, the expected statistical interference is strongly affected by the type of stress state. If the stress state induced by external actions is equibiaxial, all cracks have the same opening stress, but if it is uniaxial, many cracks will remain closed under the sole effect of the prestress, which is in general uniform and equibiaxial. The higher the surface compression is and the closer to the uniaxiality the stress state is, the higher the number of “not-active” cracks will be. We believe that this study will promote and guide the design of ad hoc experimental campaigns for experimental validation.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 6 (2018): Challenging Glass 6
High Cereal Prices and the Prospects for Relied by Expansion of Private Label and Antitrust Enforcement
Creators: name: Cotterill, Ronald
name: Cotterill, Ronald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: cereal
subject: antitrust
subject: value

description: Congressmen Gejdenson and Schumer should be commended for their persistent interest in the performance of the ready to eat cereal industry. The release of their well documented and thorough report, "Consumers in a Box" a year ago focused media attention on high cereal prices, which in turn documented widespread consumer anger over this industry's performance. Today, the Congressmen have asked for an assessment of the factors that contribute to high cereal prices, and the outlook for consumer relief from the expansion of private label cereals, and more effective antitrust enforcement. This is no small task. I would like to begin by responding to the industry's rebuttal to the Congressmen's report. None of the cereal manufacturers has commented publicly on the Congressional inquiry. Instead, they have designated Mr. Jeffrey Nedelman of the Grocery Manufacturers of America as their common spokesman. The GMA's entire written response consists of a three page press release that contains seven "facts". The fact sheet is reproduced in the appendix.
Complexity based approach for El Nino magnitude forecasting before the "spring predictability barrier"
Creators: name: Meng, Jun
name: Fan, Jingfang
name: Ludescher, Josef
name: Ankit, Agarwal
name: Chen, Xiaosong
name: Bunde, Armin
name: Kurths, Jurgen
name: Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the most prominent interannual climate phenomena. An early and reliable ENSO forecasting remains a crucial goal, due to its serious implications for economy, society, and ecosystem. Despite the development of various dynamical and statistical prediction models in the recent decades, the ``spring predictability barrier'' (SPB) remains a great challenge for long (over 6-month) lead-time forecasting. To overcome this barrier, here we develop an analysis tool, the System Sample Entropy (SysSampEn), to measure the complexity (disorder) of the system composed of temperature anomaly time series in the Nino 3.4 region. When applying this tool to several near surface air-temperature and sea surface temperature datasets, we find that in all datasets a strong positive correlation exists between the magnitude of El Nino and the previous calendar year's SysSampEn (complexity). We show that this correlation allows to forecast the magnitude of an El Nino with a prediction horizon of 1 year and high accuracy (i.e., Root Mean Square Error $=0.23^\circ C$ for the average of the individual datasets forecasts). For the on-going 2018 El Nino event, our method forecasts a weak El Nino with a magnitude of $1.11\pm 0.23^\circ C$. Our framework presented here not only facilitates a long--term forecasting of the El Nino magnitude but can potentially also be used as a measure for the complexity of other natural or engineering complex systems.
title: Inventories, Markups and Real Rigidities in Sticky Price Models of the Canadian Economy
Creators: name: Kryvtsov, Oleksiy
name: Midrigan, Virgiliu
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2011

description: Recent New Keynesian models of macroeconomy view nominal cost rigidities, rather than nominal price rigidities, as the key feature that accounts for the observed persistence in output and inflation. Kryvtsov and Midrigan (2010a,b) reassess these conclusions by combining a theory based on nominal rigidities and storable goods with direct evidence on inventories for the U.S. This paper applies Kryvtsov and Midrigan's model to the case of Canada. The model predicts that if costs of production are sticky and markups do not vary much in response to, say, expansionary monetary policy, firms react by excessively accumulating inventories in anticipation of future cost increases. In contrast, in the Canadian data inventories are fairly constant over the cycle and in response to changes in monetary policy. Similarly to Kryvtsov and Midrigan, we show that markups must decline sufficiently in times of a monetary expansion in order to reduce firms' incentive to hold inventories and thus bring the model's inventory predictions in line with the data. The model consistent with salient features of the dynamics of inventories in the Canadian data implies that countercyclical markups account for a sizable (50-80%) fraction of the response of real variables to monetary shocks.
description: Dans les récents modèles macroéconomiques des nouveaux économistes keynésiens, la rigidité des coûts nominaux – plutôt que celle des prix nominaux – s'avère la source principale de la persistance observée des variations de la production et de l'inflation. Kryvtsov et Midrigan (2010a et b) testent la validité de cette conclusion en confrontant les prédictions d'une théorie fondée sur l'existence de rigidités nominales et de biens stockables avec le comportement effectif des stocks aux États-Unis. Dans la présente étude, Kryvtsov et Midrigan appliquent leur méthodologie au cas canadien. Leur modèle prévoit que si les coûts de production sont rigides et que les taux de marge varient peu en réponse, par exemple, à une politique monétaire expansionniste, la réaction des entreprises est d'accumuler des stocks excessifs en prévision de futures hausses des coûts. Or, il se trouve que, selon les données canadiennes, les stocks demeurent relativement constants au cours du cycle et sont peu sensibles aux changements apportés à la politique monétaire. Comme ils l'avaient fait pour les États-Unis, les auteurs montrent que les taux de marge doivent baisser suffisamment en période d'expansion monétaire pour réduire l'incitation des entreprises à stocker, et ainsi accorder les prévisions du modèle en matière de stocks avec les données. D'après le modèle qui reproduit les traits saillants de la dynamique des stocks au Canada, le caractère contracyclique des taux de marge explique une part considérable (de 50 à 80 %) de la réaction des variables réelles aux chocs monétaires.
Abstract of: Repair of soda–lime–silica glass
Creators: name: Datsiou, Kyriaki Corinna
name: Hall, Dominic
name: Overend, Mauro
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: Glass strength is very sensitive to damage accumulation during its service life. Repair methods for glass have been proposed over the last decades to volumetrically fill or remove existing flaws from the surface of glass. However, the lack of information on the strength recovery attributable to glass repair methods restrict their use to low consequence class applications in buildings thereby making replacement of damaged installed glass the only safe and practical solution when dealing with damaged glass. Repair methods involving volumetric filling of visible flaws with resins, removal of visible flaws with polishing and chemical repair with acid treatment of visible flaws are undertaken in this study to investigate the strength recovery in 60 artificially aged annealed glass specimens. It is found that the polishing provides the most promising strength recovery results showing a 132 and a 40% increase in design and mean strength whilst the acid treatment provides the worst performance. Polishing repairs are further investigated in this study to determine their efficacy in strength recovery after environmental ageing (exposure to UV, humidity and freeze-thaw cycles).
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 6 (2018): Challenging Glass 6
Policy Brief on the RTE Breakfast Cereal Industry
Creators: name: Cotterill, Ronald
name: Cotterill, Ronald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: cereal
subject: antitrust
subject: food security

description: This brief addresses three issues related to the performance of the RTE cereal industry. First, consumers are dissatisfied with the high price of many breakfast cereals and farmers are concerned about the consequent impact on the demand for agricultural inputs to the industry. Second, although private label cereals are lower priced and their share of market has grown, marketing strategies of the big three cereal companies have blunted its growth and may altogether stop it in the near future. Third, RTE is a specific example of takeovers, leveraged buyouts, and/or mergers in many food industries. In many food industries these have increased prices to consumers, generated lay offs, wage give backs, and lower prices paid for other inputs in order to generate increased cash flows to meet financial terms of such deals. Mergers may generate gains in economic efficiency, but these changes are not efficiency gains. They are corporate transfers of income. By way of background for these points this memo provides a set of charts and graphs and a brief discussion: These charts and graphs have been pulled from other publications so the numbers on them don't start with one and go consecutively up.
Association of Prehospital Rearrest With Outcome Following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Creators: name: Smida, Tanner
name: Dayal, Sahil
name: Bardes, James
name: Scheidler, James
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Exposure to prehospital rearrest has previously been associated with mortality following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the association between prehospital rearrest and survival in adults following OHCA resuscitation. We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science bibliographic databases for observational studies that included adult OHCA patients who achieved return of spontaneous circulation in the prehospital setting following OHCA and reported survival to hospital discharge data stratified by rearrest status. The primary exposure was prehospital rearrest. The primary outcome for this study was survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included survival with a favorable neurological outcome and rearrest prevalence. We pooled data using inverse heterogeneity modeling and presented effect sizes for the survival outcomes as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. We quantified heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q and the I2 statistic and examined small study effects using Doi plots and the LFK index. Of the 84 publications screened, we included 7 observational studies containing 27,045 patients with survival to hospital discharge data. Rearrest was common (30% [18–43%]; n = 7 studies; Q = 1086.1, p < 0.001; I2 = 99%; LFK index = 1.21) and associated with both decreased odds of survival to discharge (pooled aOR: 0.27 [0.22, 0.33]; n = 7 studies; Q = 32.2, p < 0.01, I2 = 81%, LFK index = −0.08) and decreased odds of survival to discharge with a favorable neurological outcome (pooled aOR: 0.25, [0.22, 0.28]; n = 4 studies; Q = 3.5, p = 0.3; I2 = 13%, LFK index = 1.30). Rearrest is common and associated with decreased survival following OHCA. The pooled result of this meta-analysis suggests that preventing rearrest in five patients would be necessary to save one life.
Saprositellus ariquemes Stebnicka 2003
Creators: name: Skelley, Paul E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Aphodiidae
Saprositellus
Saprositellus ariquemes

description: Saprositellus ariquemes Stebnicka 2003   (Figure 18, 23)
 Diagnosis. A parallel-sided Saprositellus with somewhat carinate elytral intervals, large humeral denticle on each elytron, and pronotal punctures separated by less than a diameter.
 Comments. Saprositellus ariquemes was described from 3 specimens collected in Brazil and Bolivia. Additional specimens with the following data have been discovered: BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, 3.7km SSE Buena Vista, Hotel Flora & Fauna, 430m, 5-15-XI-2001, M. C. Thomas and B. K. Dozier, tropical transition forest, BLT [1- FSCA]; BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, Buena Vista, vic. Flora & Fauna Hotel, 27-31/X/02, Morris / Wappes [1- MNKN]; FRENCH GUIANA: Entomotech Lodge, 30 km SE Roura on Kaw Rd., 1-12- XII-2002, J. E. Eger, N04 o 33.570' - W052 o 12.433', 300m, BL Trap [1- PESC]; GUYANA: Region 8, Iwokrama Forest, Turtle Mt. base camp, 50m, 4 o 43’5"N, 58 o 43’5"W, 30 MAY 2001; R. Brooks, Z. Falin, GUY1BF01 069, ex under bark, [bar code] SM0567564, KUNHM-ENT [1- SEMC].
description: Published as part of Skelley, Paul E., 2007, New South American taxa of Odontolochini Stebnicka and Howden (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 1-15 in Insecta Mundi 2007 (22) on page 11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172488
title: Real-Time Analysis of Oil Price Risks Using Forecast Scenarios
Creators: name: Baumeister, Christiane
name: Killian, Lutz
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2012

description: Recently, there has been increased interest in real-time forecasts of the real price of crude oil. Standard oil price forecasts based on reduced-form regressions or based on oil futures prices do not allow consumers of forecasts to explore how much the forecast would change relative to the baseline forecast under alternative scenarios about future oil demand and oil supply conditions. Such scenario analysis is of central importance for end-users of oil price forecasts interested in evaluating the risks underlying these forecasts. We show how policy-relevant forecast scenarios can be constructed from recently proposed structural vector autoregressive models of the global oil market and how changes in the probability weights attached to these scenarios affect the upside and downside risks embodied in the baseline real-time oil price forecast. Such risk analysis helps forecast users understand what assumptions are driving the forecast. An application to real-time data for December 2010 illustrates the use of these tools in conjunction with reduced-form vector autoregressive forecasts of the real price of oil, the superior realtime forecast accuracy of which has recently been established.
description: On note un intérêt accru, ces derniers temps, pour la prévision en temps réel du prix réel du pétrole brut. Les prévisions usuelles de ce prix, obtenues avec des équations de forme réduite ou fondées sur les cours à terme de l’or noir, ne permettent pas d’explorer l’incidence de scénarios différents au sujet de l’évolution future de la demande et de l’offre de pétrole sur la prévision de référence. L’analyse de divers scénarios est d’une importance capitale pour les utilisateurs finaux des prévisions désireux d’évaluer les risques entachant ces dernières. Les auteurs montrent : 1) qu’on peut élaborer des scénarios pertinents au regard des politiques à l’aide de modèles vectoriels autorégressifs structurels du marché pétrolier mondial récemment proposés; 2) que les variations des probabilités associées à ces scénarios influent sur les risques à la hausse et à la baisse entourant la prévision de référence en temps réel du prix réel du pétrole. Cette analyse des risques aide les utilisateurs des prévisions à cerner les hypothèses déterminantes. Une application de ces outils aux données en temps réel de décembre 2010 illustre comment on peut conjuguer ceux-ci à des prévisions du prix réel de l’or noir issues de vecteurs autorégressifs de forme réduite, dont la qualité supérieure a récemment été établie.
Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS02) experiment on the International Space Station (ISS)
Creators: name: Alpat, Behcet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment is realized in two phases. A precursor flight (STS-91) with a reduced experimental configuration (AMS01) has successfully flown on space shuttle Discovery in June 1998. The final version (AMS02) will be installed on the International Space Station (ISS) as an independent module in early 2006 for an operational period of three years. The main scientific objectives of AMS02 include the searches for the antimatter and dark matter in cosmic rays. In this work we will discuss the experimental details as well as the improved physics capabilities of AMS02 on ISS.
description: 13 pages, 26 figures, Invited talk given at Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research
What Labels Tell Us About How Foods are Produced
Creators: name: Caswell, Julie
name: Caswell, Julie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: organic
subject: labeling
subject: produce
subject: product labels

description: Consumers are increasingly considering information on how foods are produced in making their buying decisions. For example, in the United States sales of products labeled as organic were estimated at over $3 billion in 1996. Federal and state governments are facing tough choices in deciding how to regulate what product labels tell us about how foods are produced. Our research highlights the important market-based considerations in making these choices. Many consumers are willing to pay more for products produced in specific ways, but it is often difficult or impossible for them to verify whether a product labeled as such was really produced in that way. Process attributes (e.g., pesticide or hormone use levels, environmental protection practices) usually cannot be judged by inspecting the product or even by consuming it. In this situation, =ethical producers could label their products as being produced in a specific way when they are not, deceiving consumers and causing them to pay for product characteristics they do not get. Ethical producers who have produced the product in the labeled way may find their market undermined by the cheaters. Avoiding these problems may require government or independent third-parties to provide verification for consumers. Someone outside the market may also be needed to set the process standards on which certification and labeling are based. This is often a complex process.
title: When Is It Less Costly for Risky Firms to Borrow? Evidence from the Bank Risk- Taking Channel of Monetary Policy
Creators: name: Paligorova, Teodora
name: Santos, João A. C.
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2012

description: In an investigation of banks’ loan pricing policies in the United States over the past two decades, this study finds supporting evidence for the bank risk-taking channel of monetary policy. We show that banks charge lower spreads when they lend to riskier borrowers relative to the spreads they charge on loans to safer borrowers in periods of low short-term rates compared to periods of high short-term rates. The interest discount that banks offer riskier borrowers when short-term rates are low is robust to borrower-,loan-, and bank-specific factors as well as to macroeconomic factors known to affect loan rates. The discount is also robust to bank-firm fixed effects. Finally, our tests that build on the micro information banks provide on their lending standards in the Senior Loan Officers Opinion Survey suggest the interest rate discount that riskier borrowers receive when short-term rates are low is bank driven.
description: L’étude des politiques de tarification des prêts suivies par les banques américaines ces vingt dernières années tend à accréditer l’hypothèse voulant que la politique monétaire influe sur la prise de risque des institutions financières. Les auteurs montrent en effet que lorsque les taux d’intérêt à court terme sont bas, les marges que les banques appliquent à leurs prêts aux emprunteurs à risque diminuent par rapport à celles imposées aux autres emprunteurs. Ce rabais d’intérêt persiste même si l’on tient compte des caractéristiques des emprunteurs, des prêts et des banques, de l’état de la conjoncture macroéconomique et des effets fixes propres aux banques ou aux entreprises. Enfin, les tests réalisés par les auteurs à partir des microdonnées que les banques fournissent sur leurs critères de prêt dans le cours de l’enquête auprès des responsables du crédit indiquent que les rabais d’intérêt consentis aux emprunteurs à risque en contexte de bas taux d’intérêt sont déterminés par l’appétit des banques pour le risque.
Surface atomic arrangement of nanomaterials affects nanotoxicity
Creators: name: Li, Kaiwen
name: Wang, Zhongwei
name: Zeng, Hui
name: Sun, Jing
name: Wang, Yue
name: Zhou, Qixing
name: Hu, Xiangang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Understanding the roles of the properties of nanomaterials in biological interactions is a key issue in their safe applications, but the surface atomic arrangement, as an important property of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), remains largely unknown. Herein, the interfacial interactions (affinity sites and intensity) between monolayer MoS2 and zebrafish embryos mediated by 1 T phase surface atomic arrangement (octahedral coordination) and the 2H phase surface atomic arrangement (triangular prism coordination) MoS2 nanosheets were studied. 1 T-MoS2 first bound to phosphate and then proteins on the chorion, while the adhesion of 2H-MoS2 occurred in the opposite order. The binding affinity of 2H-MoS2 with embryos was higher than that of 1 T-MoS2, and the former material changed the protein structure from β-sheets to turns and bends and random coils. Compared to 1 T-MoS2, 2H-MoS2 more readily entered embryos, which was facilitated by caveolae-mediated endocytosis, and caused higher developmental toxicity. Furthermore, metabolic pathways related to amino acid and protein biosynthesis and energy metabolism were affected by the nanomaterial surface atomic arrangements. The above results provide insights into the designs, applications and risk assessments of nanomaterials by the surface atomic arrangement regulation.
Odontolochini
Creators: name: Skelley, Paul E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae

description: Key to New World Genera of Odontolochini  (modified from Stebnicka and Galante 2007)
 1. Clypeal margin not distinctly thickened, with 5-7 denticles on each side of weak median emargination (Fig. 1); clypeal surface anteriorly flattened at middle; exposed disc of pygidium not eroded; South America...............................................................  Saprositellus Balthasar
 — Clypeal margin distinctly thickened, lacking denticles on each side of strong median emargination, margin smooth (Fig. 2-4); exposed disc of pygidium eroded; South America and elsewhere... 2
 2(1). Pronotum with coarse punctures restricted to broad transverse depression along basal third, anterior 2/3 swollen and finely punctate (Fig. 3); protibial teeth widely separated, apical tooth longer than middle tooth; Peru.............................................................  Stebnickiella, n. gen.
 — Pronotum with punctures evenly distributed, base lacking broad transverse depression (Fig. 2, 4); most with protibial teeth close, restricted to apical third, apical tooth same size or smaller than middle tooth; widespread.................................................................................................. 3
 3(2). Body elongate, surface argillaceous; head with punctures evenly distributed, obscured by argillaceous coating (Fig. 4); pronotum with 2 medial longitudinal ridges; alternate elytral intervals weakly carinate; Peru.............................................................  Amerilochus, n. gen.
— Body stout, surface not argillaceous, can be somewhat dulled (alutaceous)or glossy; head with band of large punctures at base, extremely fine punctures anteriorly (Fig. 2); pronotum evenly
description: Published as part of Skelley, Paul E., 2007, New South American taxa of Odontolochini Stebnicka and Howden (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 1-15 in Insecta Mundi 2007 (22) on page 2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172488
Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm
Creators: name: Miyahara, Hideyuki
name: Aihara, Kazuyuki
name: Lechner, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Clustering algorithms are a cornerstone of machine learning applications. Recently, a quantum algorithm for clustering based on the k-means algorithm has been proposed by Kerenidis, Landman, Luongo and Prakash. Based on their work, we propose a quantum expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for Gaussian mixture models (GMMs). The robustness and quantum speedup of the algorithm is demonstrated. We also show numerically the advantage of GMM over k-means for non-trivial cluster data.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Fabrication of a low-cost and high-resolution papercraft smartphone spectrometer
Creators: name: Ju, Young-Gu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrated the fabrication of a low-cost and high-resolution papercraft smartphone spectrometer and characterized its performance by recording spectra from gas discharge lamps. The optical design and a lab-made narrow slit used in the fabrication led to fine images of the slit on the image sensor, resulting in high spectral resolution. The spectral resolution of the fabricated papercraft smartphone spectrometer was measured to be 0.5 nm, which is similar to that of the best smartphone spectrometer reported thus far. Extending the exposure time of the phone's camera revealed the fine structure of a spectrum with high sensitivity. The build cost of the papercraft smartphone spectrometer was less than $3. We demonstrated that the papercraft smartphone spectrometer is a low-cost device that can record spectra with high resolution and high sensitivity.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures
Jawboning Cereal: The Campaign to Lower Cereal Prices
Creators: name: Cotterill, Ronald
name: Cotterill, Ronald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: jawboning
subject: nonprice competition
subject: market power
subject: market concentration
subject: antitrust enforcement

description: This article introduces the Forum by explaining the sequence of events related to the jawboning campaign and subsequent reductions in cereal prices. It also introduces the main issues on the vigor of competition and pricing that are analyzed in subsequent papers. Jawboning as a public policy strategy is assessed and found useful in certain circumstances such as those in the breakfast cereal industry in the mid 1990’s. The jawboning campaign was effective in advancing price competition in an industry that successfully resisted repeated antitrust efforts to promote competition. The RTE cereal industry is now undergoing major structural changes that are on balance pro competitive.
Nonequilibrium thermodynamics versus model grain growth: derivation and some physical implications
Creators: name: Rubi, J. M.
name: Gadomski, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonequilibrium thermodynamics formalism is proposed to derive the flux of grainy (bubbles-containing) matter, emerging in a nucleation growth process. Some power and non-power limits, due to the applied potential as well as owing to basic correlations in such systems, have been discussed. Some encouragement for such a discussion comes from the fact that the nucleation and growth processes studied, and their kinetics, are frequently reported in literature as self-similar (characteristic of algebraic correlations and laws) both in basic entity (grain; bubble) size as well as time scales.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
How Will the Royal Ahold Purchase Of Pathmark Supermarkets Affect Prices?
Creators: name: Cotterill, Ronald
name: Cotterill, Ronald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: competition
subject: antitrust
subject: supermarket

description: When a competitor buys another competitor in a local food market, prices may increase because there is less competition. The antitrust laws are designed to prevent mergers that most likely will result in higher prices. Economists do three things to help legal authorities determine whether a merger should be stopped or limited because it will likely increase sellers power over the market and consumer prices. First, economists measure the impact of a merger on the structure of a market. Then economists estimate the relationship between market structure and prices and use it to predict the impact of the merger on prices. Here we estimate the impact of the Royal Ahold/Pathmark merger on prices for each of the 16 New York and New Jersey counties and for one county in Pennsylvania and one in Delaware. These 18 counties are the areas where Pathmark and Royal Ahold (Edwards, Stop & Shop, Giant, Super G supermarkets) currently compete. Our analysis indicates that price increases in the 2-3 percent are quite likely on Long Island, and greater than 1 percent price increases will occur in 10 of the 18 counties. If the typical family of four purchases approximately $150 in groceries per week, or $7,800 of food annually, a 2 percent price increase raises annual food outlays for their family by $156. This is a substantial monopoly overcharge.
Interelectronic-interaction contribution to the nuclear recoil effect on the $g$ factor of boronlike ions
Creators: name: Glazov, D. A.
name: Malyshev, A. V.
name: Shabaev, V. M.
name: Tupitsyn, I. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nuclear recoil effect on the ground-state $g$ factor of highly charged boronlike ions is considered within the relativistic framework. The interelectronic-interaction contribution is evaluated within the Breit approximation employing two independent approaches: the second-order perturbation theory and the configuration-interaction Dirac-Fock-Sturm method. The uncertainty of the nuclear recoil $g$-factor contributions is significantly reduced, especially for low- and middle-$Z$ ions.
description: 22 pages
Wielowymiarowe znaczenie pieniądza
Creators: name: Kubiczek, Jakub
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: pieniądz
historia pieniądza
funkcje pieniądza
znaczenie pieniądza
istota pieniądza

description: Autor w opracowaniu przedstawia znaczenie i istotę pieniądza z następujących punktów widzenia: ekonomicznego, socjologicznego i psychologicznego. Analizuje jego funkcje i rolę w życiu ludzi. W skrócie omawia historię pieniądza i wynikające z niej jego rodzaje. Przedstawia narzędzia badania postaw wobec pieniądza i przytacza krótką charakterystykę wyszczególnionych typów.
title: Risk Premium, Variance Premium and the Maturity Structure of Uncertainty
Creators: name: Feunou, Bruno
name: Fontaine, Jean-Sébastien
name: Taamouti, Abderrahim
name: Tédongap, Roméo
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2012

description: Expected returns vary when investors face time-varying investment opportunities. Long-run risk models (Bansal and Yaron 2004) and no-arbitrage affine models (Duffie, Pan, and Singleton 2000) emphasize sources of risk that are not observable to the econometrician. We show that, for both classes of models, the term structure of risk implicit in option prices can reveal these risk factors ex-ante. Empirically, we construct the variance term structure implied in SP500 option prices. The variance term structure reveal two important drivers of the bond premium, the equity premium, and the variance premium, jointly. We also consider the term structure of higher-order risks as measured by skewness and kurtosis and still find that two factors are sufficient to summarize the information content from the term structure of risks. Overall, our results bode well for the ability of structural models to explain risk-returns trade-offs across different markets using only very few sources of risk.
description: Les rendements espérés varient lorsque les occasions de placement qui s’offrent aux investisseurs ne sont pas constantes dans le temps. Les modèles avec risque de long terme (Bansal et Yaron, 2004) et les modèles affines basés sur l’absence d’arbitrage (Duffie, Pan et Singleton, 2000) mettent l’accent sur des sources de risque qui échappent à l’observation de l’économètre. Les auteurs montrent que, pour chacune de ces classes de modèles, la structure par terme des risques implicitement contenue dans les prix d’options peut révéler ces facteurs de risque a priori. De manière empirique, les auteurs construisent la structure par terme de la variance à partir des prix des options sur l’indice SP500. Cette structure par terme fait ressortir deux importants facteurs qui déterminent, conjointement, la prime obligataire, la prime sur actions et la prime liée à la variance. Les auteurs étudient par ailleurs la structure par terme des risques d’ordre supérieur quantifiés d’après les coefficients d’asymétrie et d’aplatissement. Là aussi, ils concluent que deux facteurs suffisent pour résumer le contenu informatif de la structure par terme des risques. Dans l’ensemble, les résultats obtenus augurent bien de la capacité des modèles structurels à rendre compte, à l’aide d’un nombre limité de facteurs, des arbitrages risque-rendement qui s’exercent sur différents marchés.
The association of prehospital rearrest with outcome following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Creators: name: Smida, Tanner
name: Dayal, Sahil
name: Bardes, James
name: Scheidler, James
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Exposure to prehospital rearrest has previously been associated with mortality following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the association between prehospital rearrest and survival in adults following OHCA resuscitation. We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science bibliographic databases for observational studies that included adult OHCA patients who achieved return of spontaneous circulation in the prehospital setting following OHCA and reported survival to hospital discharge data stratified by rearrest status. The primary exposure was prehospital rearrest. The primary outcome for this study was survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included survival with a favorable neurological outcome and rearrest prevalence. We pooled data using inverse heterogeneity modeling and presented effect sizes for the survival outcomes as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. We quantified heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q and the I2 statistic and examined small study effects using Doi plots and the LFK index. Of the 84 publications screened, we included 7 observational studies containing 27,045 patients with survival to hospital discharge data. Rearrest was common (30% [18-43%]; n = 7 studies; Q = 1086.1, p < 0.001; I2=99%; LFK index = 1.21) and associated with both decreased odds of survival to discharge (pooled aOR: 0.27 [0.22, 0.33]; n = 7 studies; Q = 32.2, p < 0.01, I2=81%, LFK index=-0.08) and decreased odds of survival to discharge with a favorable neurological outcome (pooled aOR: 0.25, [0.22, 0.28]; n = 4 studies; Q = 3.5, p = 0.3; I2=13%, LFK index = 1.30) Rearrest is common and associated with decreased survival following OHCA. The pooled result of this meta-analysis suggests that preventing rearrest in five patients would be necessary to save one life. CRD42024525048
A 3-d simulation of the atmospheric neutrinos
Creators: name: Favier, J.
name: Kossakowski, R.
name: Vialle, J. P
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first AMS flight in June 1998 on board of the space shuttle Discovery at an altitude of approximately 380 km unveiled unexpected features of the cosmic rays spectra below the Earth geomagnetic cut-off. In addition to a secondary flux of particles at all latitude, a ring of high energy particles (up to 6 GeV) and an anomalous ratio e+/e- as high as 4 was observed near the geomagnetic equator. This paper describes a simulation of the interaction of primary cosmic rays with atmosphere in which the effect of the Earth magnetic field is included . Using the GEANT3 package for the tracking of particles with the GFLUKA associated package for the physics of interactions, this simulation reproduces quite well the AMS experimental results and the CAPRICE muon data at ground level. The predictions of this model for the flux of atmospheric neutrino are compared with the Super-Kamiokande results and with the results of other atmospheric neutrino models.
description: 43 pages, 34 Postscript figures
Abstract of: A numerical method for analysis of fracture statistics of glass and simulations of a double ring bending test
Creators: name: Kinsella, David T.
name: Persson, Kent
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: The results from a new numerical method for simulating the strength and fracture locations of small glass specimens subjected to double ring bending are compared with experimental data. The method implements the weakest-link principle while assuming the existence of Griffith flaws. A Weibull distribution for the strength is simulated based on a single population of Pareto distributed crack sizes. The effect of using different fracture criteria is investigated. An alternative distribution is simulated based on two populations of flaws. This distribution models the apparent bimodality in the empirical data set. The numerical method is dependent on a representation of the surface flaws condition in glass. As new techniques become available for examining the surface characteristics, this numerical method is promising as a Glass Strengthmeans for modelling the strength better than current methods do.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 6 (2018): Challenging Glass 6
Abstract of: Residual stress distribution in tempered glass with reground edges
Creators: name: Lohr, Katharina
name: Weller, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: Many glass applications require laminated glass to achieve a safe load-bearing behaviour. Beside the structural aspect, glass elements have to meet high aesthetic demands. Laminated glasses often feature an offset between the individual glass panes resulting from the lamination process. With regards to visible or exposed edges, this displacement reduces the aesthetic quality of the glass component. The regrinding of the edge after lamination equalises the offset and thus creates a smooth surface. However, regrinding tempered glass leads to a reduction of the surface compression zone at the edge and may decrease the load-bearing capacity. A research project focuses on the detailed evaluation of the effect of regrinding tempered glass. To attain a precise understanding, three different aspects have to be examined: first the maximum required grinding depth resulting from the edge offset, second the defects on the surface of the edge and third the residual stress distribution. The third part was examined by means of stress measurements at the edge and the surface of different specimens. Glass beams made of fully tempered glass and heat strengthened glass with three different thicknesses (6, 8 and 10 mm) were ground after the tempering process. The regrinding depth was 1, 2 and 3 mm. One group of specimens remain untreated as a reference. The depth of the compression zone and the magnitude of the surface stress at the edge were measured with the help of photoelastic measurements. The experimental approach and the results are the content of this paper. It enables a statement about transformations of the residual stress state at the edge owing to regrinding tempered glass.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 6 (2018): Challenging Glass 6
Public goods and rural development in Poland
Creators: name: Gramzow, Andreas
name: Petrick, Martin
name: Gramzow, Andreas
name: Petrick, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Farm Management
subject: public goods
subject: regional policy
subject: social capital

description: In this paper an institutional policy approach is outlined that interprets rural development as a problem of public goods provision. It is argued that rural development policy should focus on the establishment of institutional arrangements that provide rural public goods effectively. Incentive structures that lead to the underprovision of public goods are studied in a simple game-theoretic model. Market, state, and community as three institutional alternatives for solving this incentive problem are then analysed and their strengths and weaknesses discussed. Based on recent fieldwork, it is shown how these institutions interact to achieve rural development in three rural Polish regions. It is concluded that, in order to achieve rural development goals, a locally adapted strategy to utilise complementarities among the three approaches is needed. Further success factors include the availability of leader personalities, the responsiveness of government to local needs, and the organisational efficiency of local initiatives.
Z^* Resonances: Phenomenology and Models
Creators: name: Jennings, Byron
name: Maltman, Kim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the phenomenology of, and models for, the Z^* resonances, the lowest of which is now well established, and called the Theta. We provide an overview of three models which have been proposed to explain its existence and/or its small width, and point out other relevant predictions, and potential problems, for each. The relation to what is known about KN scattering, including possible resonance signals in other channels, is also discussed.
description: 29 pages, uses RevTeX4; expanded version (published form)
MOESM2 of Human leucocyte antigen class I in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer: association with response and survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Creators: name: Sinn, Bruno
name: Weber, Karsten
name: Schmitt, Wolfgang
name: Fasching, Peter
name: Symmans, William
name: Jens-Uwe Blohmer
name: Karn, Thomas
name: Taube, Eliane
name: Klauschen, Frederick
name: Marmé, Frederik
name: Schem, Christian
name: Stickeler, Elmar
name: Ataseven, Beyhan
name: Huober, Jens
name: Minckwitz, Gunter
name: Seliger, Barbara
name: Denkert, Carsten
name: Loibl, Sibylle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C expression in the MDACC microarray cohort: A paired scatterplot illustrating the association of the HLA metagenes. The upper right panels show Spearman’s ρ.