cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Outcomes of peritoneal dialysis catheter in elective versus urgent-start placement
Creators: name: Abdel Aal, Ahmed
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Catheters
subject: Radiotherapy techniques

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Clinicians recently started to call for a "Peritoneal dialysis first" approach for elective and urgent-start dialysis, as recent comparisons of early and late survival between peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) suggest an early survival...
The moving-window Bayesian maximum entropy framework: estimation of PM2.5 yearly average concentration across the contiguous United States
Creators: name: Chen, Jiu-Chiuan
name: Serre, Marc L
name: Akita, Yasuyuki
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Geostatistical methods are widely used in estimating long-term exposures for air pollution epidemiological studies, despite their limited capabilities to handle spatial non-stationarity over large geographic domains and uncertainty associated with missing monitoring data. We developed a moving-window (MW) Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) method and applied this framework to estimate fine particulate matter (PM2.5) yearly average concentrations over the contiguous U.S. The MW approach accounts for the spatial non-stationarity, while the BME method rigorously processes the uncertainty associated with data missingnees in the air monitoring system. In the cross-validation analyses conducted on a set of randomly selected complete PM2.5 data in 2003 and on simulated data with different degrees of missing data, we demonstrate that the MW approach alone leads to at least 17.8% reduction in mean square error (MSE) in estimating the yearly PM2.5. Moreover, the MWBME method further reduces the MSE by 8.4% to 43.7% with the proportion of incomplete data increased from 18.3% to 82.0%. The MWBME approach leads to significant reductions in estimation error and thus is recommended for epidemiological studies investigating the effect of long-term exposure to PM2.5 across large geographical domains with expected spatial non-stationarity.
Particle-in-Cell Simulations of Characteristics of Rising-Tone Chorus Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere
Creators: name: Ke, Yangguang
name: Lu, Quanming
name: Gao, Xinliang
name: Wang, Xueyi
name: Chen, Lunjin
name: Wang, Shaojie
name: Wang, Shui
Publisher: name: American Geophysical Union
Year: 2020

description: Whistler mode chorus waves in the Earth's inner magnetosphere are usually composed of discrete elements, and each element can be characterized by the following properties: the amplitude, the duration, the frequency span, and the frequency chirping rate. Using a one-dimensional (1-D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation code, we study the dependence of these properties of a rising-tone chorus on the number densityn(heq)/n(c0)and temperature anisotropyA(T)of energetic electrons at the magnetic equator. The whistler waves are first excited around the magnetic equator by anisotropic energetic electrons and then develop into a rising-tone chorus when they leave away from the equator. During the propagation toward the pole, the rising-tone chorus with nearly constant frequency span first enhances and then decays. Its frequency chirping rate declines in the early stage and then gradually increases. Meanwhile, the chorus duration is quite the opposite due to propagation effect. Over a suitable range ofn(heq)/n(c0)to generate rising-tone chorus, the frequency chirping rate of the excited rising-tone chorus first increases and then saturates, while its saturated amplitude, duration, and frequency span have a rising tendency with the increasingn(heq)/n(c0). As forA(T), the frequency chirping rate of the generated rising-tone chorus is increasing with the increase ofA(T)that is consistent with prediction of nonlinear theory, while the duration is just the opposite. Our simulation study can give a further understanding of the generation and propagation of rising-tone chorus waves.
title: Role of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of bladder cancer
Creators: name: Grigoriev, Evgenij
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Oncology
subject: MR physics
subject: MR
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: Cystography / Uretrography
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Cancer
subject: Artifacts

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To evaluate the potential value of MRI pulse sequences with submillimeter scanning in the detection of exophytic intravesical bladder...
Reconstructing inclined extensive air showers from radio measurements
Creators: name: Huege, Tim
name: Schlüter, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a reconstruction algorithm for extensive air showers with zenith angles between 65$^\circ$ and 85$^\circ$ measured with radio antennas in the 30-80 MHz band. Our algorithm is based on a signal model derived from CoREAS simulations which explicitly takes into account the asymmetries introduced by the superposition of charge-excess and geomagnetic radiation as well as by early-late effects. We exploit correlations among fit parameters to reduce the dimensionality and thus ensure stability of the fit procedure. Our approach reaches a reconstruction efficiency near 100% with an intrinsic resolution for the reconstruction of the electromagnetic energy of well below 5\%. It can be employed in upcoming large-scale radio detection arrays using the 30-80 MHz band, in particular the AugerPrime Radio detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory, and can likely be adapted to experiments such as GRAND operating at higher frequencies.
description: Proceedings of the ICRC2021 conference
Whistler Mode Waves Excited by Anisotropic Hot Electrons With a Drift Velocity in Earth's Magnetosphere: Linear Theory
Creators: name: Kai, Fan
name: Jicheng, Sun
name: Jun, Guo
Publisher: name: American Geophysical Union
Year: 2020

description: With a linear theoretical model, we have investigated the properties of whistler waves excited by anisotropic hot electrons with a drift velocity parallel to the background magnetic field, which is usually neglected in previous studies. It is found that a finite drift velocity can significantly change the properties of excited whistler waves, resulting in distinct properties for parallel and antiparallel propagating waves. In the high-beta regime, as the drift velocity increases, the frequency of parallel propagating whistler waves increases, while that of antiparallel propagating waves is found to decline. So parallel and antiparallel propagating whistler waves appear in different frequency bands. However, the growth rate of parallel wave is always smaller than that of antiparallel wave and falls below 10(-2)Omega(e) for large drift velocities (v(d)/v(th) > 1.5), in which case the parallel wave may be too weak to be observed. Generally, the growth rate of whistler waves in both directions is enhanced with the increasing anisotropy or proportion of hot electrons. In the low-beta regime, the trends of the frequency and linear growth rate of excited whistler waves are quite similar to those in the high-beta regime. But with the increase of the drift velocity, the wave normal angle of parallel propagating whistler waves gradually declines until reaching 0, while that of antiparallel propagating waves continues to increase. Our study may be helpful to understand various whistler mode spectra observed in the Earth's magnetosphere.
A new method of reconstructing very-high-energy gamma-ray spectra: the Template Background Spectrum
Creators: name: Fernandes, M. V.
name: Horns, D.
name: Kosack, K.
name: Raue, M.
name: Rowell, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Very-high-energy (VHE, E>0.1 TeV) gamma-ray emission regions with angular extents comparable to the field-of-view of current imaging air-Cherenkov telescopes (IACT) require additional observations of source-free regions to estimate the background contribution to the energy spectrum. This reduces the effective observation time and deteriorates the sensitivity. A new method of reconstructing spectra from IACT data without the need of additional observations of source-free regions is developed. Its application is not restricted to any specific IACT or data format. On the basis of the template background method, which defines the background in air-shower parameter space, a new spectral reconstruction method from IACT data is developed and studied, the Template Background Spectrum (TBS); TBS is tested on published H.E.S.S. data and H.E.S.S. results. Good agreement is found between VHE gamma-ray spectra reported by the H.E.S.S. collaboration and those re-analysed with TBS. This includes analyses of point-like sources, sources in crowded regions, and of very extended sources down to sources with fluxes of a few percent of the Crab Nebula flux and excess-to-background ratios around 0.1. However, the TBS background normalisation introduces new statistical and systematic errors which are accounted for, but may constitute a limiting case for very faint extended sources. The TBS method enables the spectral reconstruction of data when other methods are hampered or even fail. It does not need dedicated observations of VHE gamma-ray-free regions (e.g. as the On/Off background does) and circumvents known geometrical limitations to which other methods (e.g. the reflected-region background) for reconstructing spectral information of VHE gamma-ray emission regions are prone to; TBS would be, in specific cases, the only feasible way to reconstruct energy spectra.
description: 18 pages, accepted for publication (Astronomy and Astrophysics)
A higher-order LQ decomposition for separable covariance models
Creators: name: Gerard, David C.
name: Hoff, Peter D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A69, 62H12, 62H15, 65F99

description: We develop a higher order generalization of the LQ decomposition and show that this decomposition plays an important role in likelihood-based estimation and testing for separable, or Kronecker structured, covariance models, such as the multilinear normal model. This role is analogous to that of the LQ decomposition in likelihood inference for the multivariate normal model. Additionally, this higher order LQ decomposition can be used to construct an alternative version of the popular higher order singular value decomposition for tensor-valued data. We also develop a novel generalization of the polar decomposition to tensor-valued data.
description: 30 pages
Environmental exposure to arsenic, AS3MT polymorphism and prevalence of diabetes in Mexico
Creators: name: García-Vargas, Gonzalo G
name: Barrera-Hernández, Angel
name: Stýblo, Miroslav
name: Sánchez-Peña, Luz C
name: Del Razo, Luz M
name: Drobná, Zuzana
name: Loomis, Dana
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Exposure to arsenic in drinking water is associated with increased prevalence of diabetes. We previously reported an association of diabetes and urinary concentration of dimethylarsinite (DMAsIII), a toxic product of arsenic methylation by arsenic ( +3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT). Here we examine associations between AS3MT polymorphism, arsenic metabolism and diabetes. Fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance and self-reported diagnoses were used to identify diabetic individuals. Inorganic arsenic and its metabolites were measured in urine. Genotyping analysis focused on six polymorphic sites of AS3MT. Individuals with M287T and G4965C polymorphisms had higher levels of urinary DMAsIII and were more frequently diabetic than the respective wild-type carriers, although the excess was not statistically significant. Odds ratios were 11.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2–58.8) and 8.8 (95% CI 1.6–47.3) for the combined effects of arsenic exposure >75th percentile and 287T and 4965C genotypes, respectively. Carriers of 287T and 4965C may produce more DMAsIII and be more likely to develop diabetes when exposed to arsenic.
Maskelynite formation via solid-state transformation: Evidence of infrared and X-ray anisotropy
Creators: name: Jaret, Steven
name: Woerner, William
name: Phillips, Brian
name: Ehm, Lars
name: Nekvasil, Hanna
name: Wright, Shawn
name: Glotch, Timothy
Publisher: name: American Geophysical Union
Year: 2015

description: We present the results of a combined study of shocked labradorite from the Lonar crater, India, using optical microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, high-energy X-ray total scattering experiments, and micro-Fourier transform infrared (micro-FTIR) spectroscopy. We show that maskelynite of shock class 2 is structurally more similar to fused glass than to crystalline plagioclase. However, there are slight but significant differencespreservation of original preimpact igneous zoning, anisotropy at infrared wavelengths, X-ray anisotropy, and preservation of some intermediate range orderwhich are all consistent with a solid-state transformation from plagioclase to maskelynite.
Theory of photonic crystal polaritons in periodically patterned multilayer waveguides
Creators: name: Zanotti, Simone
name: Nguyen, Hai Son
name: Minkov, Momchil
name: Andreani, Lucio Claudio
name: Gerace, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a formalism for studying the radiation-matter interaction in multilayered dielectric structures with active semiconductor quantum wells patterned with an in-plane periodic lattice. The theory is based on the diagonalization of the generalized Hopfield matrix, and it includes loss channels in a non-Hermitian formulation. Hybrid elementary excitations named photonic crystal polaritons arise in these systems, whose detailed dispersion and loss characteristics are shown to depend on material composition as well as on symmetry properties of the lattice. We show the generality of the approach by calculating polariton dispersions in very diverse material platforms, such as multilayered perovskite-based lattices or inorganic semiconductor heterostructures. As an application of the method, we show how to engineer lossless polariton modes through excitonic coupling to bound states in the continuum at either zero or finite in-plane wavevector, and discuss their topological properties. Detailed comparison with a semiclassical approach based on the scattering matrix method is provided, which allows to interpret the optical spectra in terms of polarization-dependent excitation of the different polariton branches. This work introduces an efficient and invaluably versatile numerical approach to engineer photonic crystal polaritons, with potential applications ranging from low-threshold lasers to symmetry-protected propagating modes of hybrid radiation-matter states.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, submitted to PRB
Evaporation of a sessile colloidal water-glycerol droplet: Marangoni ring formation
Creators: name: Raju, Lijun Thayyil
name: Diddens, Christian
name: Li, Yaxing
name: Marin, Alvaro
name: van der Linden, Marjolein N.
name: Zhang, Xuehua
name: Lohse, Detlef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transport and aggregation of particles in suspensions is an important process in many physicochemical and industrial processes. In this work, we study the transport of particles in an evaporating binary droplet. Surprisingly, the accumulation of particles occurs not only at the contact line (due to the coffee-stain effect) or at the solid substrate (due to sedimentation), but also at a particular radial position near the liquid-air interface, forming a "ring", which we term as the Marangoni ring. The formation of this ring is primarily attributed to the solutal Marangoni flow triggered by the evaporation dynamics of the water-glycerol droplet. Experiments and simulations show fair agreement in the volume evolution and the general structure of the solutal Marangoni flow, that is, the Marangoni vortex. Experiments show that the location of the Marangoni ring is strongly correlated with the Marangoni vortex. However, finite element numerical simulations fail to describe the particle distribution seen in the experiments. Interestingly, the particles not only accumulate to form the Marangoni ring but also assemble as colloidal crystals close to the liquid-air interface, yielding iridescence. The formation of the colloidal crystals in the experiments is strong evidence that non-hydrodynamic interactions, which are not represented in the simulations, also play a significant role in our system.
title: Ethical, legal, social issues and scientific misconduct brought about by One Health in the realm of Open Science and Citizen Science in India- An exploratory mixed-methods study
title: Fostering Responsible Open Science and Citizen Science into One Health (FROCO)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Hamza, Naheeda
name: Bernabe, Rosemarie
name: Coman, Alina
name: Kulkarni, Uma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Open Science
Citizen Science
One Health
Research Ethics

description: Open Science is the measure taken to accelerate responsible conduct of research in scientific advancements, making the data easily accessible to all citizens. On account of the lack of aiding policies and low institutional capacities for One Health (OH) in India, we anticipate a wide range of scientific misconduct in OH. Citizen Science deals with the general public's involvement in scientific research to solve concrete problems in society. Therefore, incorporating both Open Science and Citizen Science into OH would form a solid basis for ensuring research integrity in OH research.

Objectives: To identify the challenges and opportunities in OH in the realm of Open Science and Citizen Science through a scoping review of literature. Next, to explore the perceptions of various stakeholders about scientific misconduct and inequities brought about by Open Science and Citizen Science in OH. Finally, to map the grey areas and develop a framework to accelerate ethics and research integrity in OH through Open Science, and Citizen Science.

Methods: This is a non-interventional study with three phases- first, a scoping review with critical analysis; the second, a mixed method design (qualitative and quantitative). Third, to develop a framework to incorporate Open Science and Citizen Science into OH. 

Conclusion: Based on the analysis of phases 1 and 2, we will develop a framework to incorporate ethics and research integrity through Open Science, and Citizen Science considerations, into OH. This will comprehensively facilitate scientific research, by considering the interdependence of science, ethics, and society in India and globally.
Intermediate shocks in three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic bow-shock flows with multiple interacting shock fronts
Creators: name: Cable, S
name: Lin, Y
name: Holloway, J
Publisher: name: American Geophysical Union
Year: 2007

description: Previous MHD simulations predict that when switch-on shock conditions obtain in the solar wind, the bow shock produced in front of an ellipsoidal obstacle will produce a unique bow shock configuration that includes a concave intermediate shock region at the nose of the shock. These simulations have been carried out with hard shell inner boundary conditions. We extend these studies by investigating the configuration of the bow shock when the obstacle is a terrestrial magnetic dipole field. It is found that, in contrast to the typical fast shock, reconnection at the magnetosphere affects the structure of the upstream magnetosheath and bow shock considerably. Asymmetry in magnetic reconnection rates between the northern and southern hemispheres changes the bow shock configuration notably. In the hemisphere where the dipole field is largely antiparallel to the interplanetary magnetic field, the intermediate shock is eliminated in favor of a standard fast shock. In the other hemisphere, however, the intermediate shock still forms as an important, stable element of the overall shock configuration. We also launch a solar wind MHD fast shock into the simulation domain and observe how the resulting waves transmit and reflect in the magnetosheath and magnetosphere and how the general morphology of the bow shock changes.
title: Patient survey of pain perception during and after stereotactic vacuum assisted breast biopsies
Creators: name: van Engelen, Marjon
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Vacuum assisted biopsy
subject: Mammography
subject: Radiographers
subject: Breast

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Evaluation of pain perception during, and after stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsies...
Mass Upper Bounds for Over 50 Kepler Planets Using Low-S/N Transit Timing Variations
Creators: name: Siegel, Jared C.
name: Rogers, Leslie A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Prospects for expanding the available mass measurements of the Kepler sample are limited. Planet masses have typically been inferred via radial velocity (RV) measurements of the host star or time-series modeling of transit timing variations (TTVs) in multiplanet systems; however, the majority of Kepler hosts are too dim for RV follow-up, and only a select number of systems have strong enough TTVs for time-series modeling. Here, we develop a method of constraining planet mass in multiplanet systems using low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) TTVs. For a sample of 175 planets in 79 multiplanet systems from the California-Kepler Survey, we infer posteriors on planet mass using publicly available TTV time-series from Kepler. For 53 planets ($>30\%$ of our sample), low-S/N TTVs yield informative upper bounds on planet mass, i.e., the mass constraint strongly deviates from the prior on mass and yields a physically reasonable bulk composition. For 25 small planets, low-S/N TTVs favor volatile-rich compositions. Where available, low-S/N TTV-based mass constraints are consistent with RV-derived masses. TTV time-series are publicly available for each Kepler planet, and the compactness of Kepler systems makes TTV-based constraints informative for a substantial fraction of multiplanet systems. Leveraging low-S/N TTVs offers a valuable path toward increasing the available mass constraints of the Kepler sample.
description: 18 pages, accepted to AJ
Statistical Study of Foreshock Transients in the Midtail Foreshock
Creators: name: Liu, Terry
name: Zhang, Hui
name: Wang, Chih-Ping
name: Angelopoulos, Vassilis
name: Vu, Andrew
name: Wang, Xueyi
name: Lin, Yu
Publisher: name: American Geophysical Union
Year: 2021

description: In the dayside foreshock, many foreshock transients have been observed and simulated. Because of their strong dynamic pressure perturbations, foreshock transients can disturb the local bow shock, magnetosheath, magnetopause, and thus the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. They can also accelerate particles contributing to shock acceleration. Recent observations and simulations showed that foreshock transients also exist in the midtail foreshock, which can continuously disturb the nightside bow shock, magnetosheath, and magnetopause while propagating tailward for tens of minutes. To further understand the characteristics of midtail foreshock transients, we studied them statistically using Acceleration Reconnection Turbulence & Electrodynamics of Moon's Interaction with the Sun observations. We selected 111 events that have dynamic pressure decrease along the local bow shock normal by more than 50%. We show that the dynamic pressure decrease is contributed by both density decrease and speed decrease. Around 90% of the events have electron temperature increase by more than 10% with a temperature change ratio proportional to the solar wind speed. Midtail foreshock transients more likely occur at the dawnside than the duskside. They are more significant closer to the bow shock and rather stable along the tailward direction. They have similar formation conditions compared to the dayside foreshock transients, except the ones related to the bow shock geometry. Our study indicates that the characteristics of foreshock transients based on dayside observations need to be generalized. Our study also implies that foreshock transients can exist for tens of minutes (even longer for larger planar shocks), continuously disturbing the local shock and accelerating/heating particles.
Signalling Entropy: a novel network-theoretical framework for systems analysis and interpretation of functional omic data
Creators: name: Teschendorff, Andrew
name: Sollich, Peter
name: Kuehn, Reimer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A key challenge in systems biology is the elucidation of the underlying principles, or fundamental laws, which determine the cellular phenotype. Understanding how these fundamental principles are altered in diseases like cancer is important for translating basic scientific knowledge into clinical advances. While significant progress is being made, with the identification of novel drug targets and treatments by means of systems biological methods, our fundamental systems level understanding of why certain treatments succeed and others fail is still lacking. We here advocate a novel methodological framework for systems analysis and interpretation of molecular omic data, which is based on statistical mechanical principles. Specifically, we propose the notion of cellular signalling entropy (or uncertainty), as a novel means of analysing and interpreting omic data, and more fundamentally, as a means of elucidating systems-level principles underlying basic biology and disease. We describe the power of signalling entropy to discriminate cells according to differentiation potential and cancer status. We further argue the case for an empirical cellular entropy-robustness correlation theorem and demonstrate its existence in cancer cell line drug sensitivity data. Specifically, we find that high signalling entropy correlates with drug resistance and further describe how entropy could be used to identify the achilles heels of cancer cells. In summary, signalling entropy is a deep and powerful concept, based on rigorous statistical mechanical principles, which, with improved data quality and coverage, will allow a much deeper understanding of the systems biological principles underlying normal and disease physiology.
description: 34 pages, 6 figures
An evaluation of metrics for assessing maternal exposure to agricultural pesticides
Creators: name: Sanders, Alison P
name: Luben, Thomas J
name: Warren, Joshua L
name: Herring, Amy H
name: Meyer, Robert E
name: Brownstein, Naomi C
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: We evaluate the use of three different exposure metrics to estimate maternal agricultural pesticide exposure during pregnancy. Using a geographic information system-based method of pesticide exposure estimation, we combine data on crop density and specific pesticide application amounts/dates to create the three exposure metrics. For illustration purposes, we create each metric for a North Carolina cohort of pregnant women, 2003–2005, and analyze the risk of congenital anomaly development with a focus on metric comparisons. Based on the results, and the need to balance data collection efforts/computational efficiency with accuracy, the metric which estimates total chemical exposure using application dates based on crop-specific earliest planting and latest harvesting information is preferred. Benefits and drawbacks of each metric are discussed and recommendations for extending the analysis to other states are provided.
Hyperon bulk viscosity and $r$-modes of neutron stars
Creators: name: Jyothilakshmi, O. P.
name: Krishnan, P. E. Sravan
name: Thakur, Prashant
name: Sreekanth, V.
name: Jha, T. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and apply a new parameterization of the modified chiral effective model to study rotating neutron stars with hyperon cores in the framework of the relativistic mean-field theory. The inclusion of mesonic cross couplings in the model has improved the density content of the symmetry energy slope parameters, which are in agreement with the findings from recent terrestrial experiments. The bulk viscosity of the hyperonic medium is analyzed to investigate its role in the suppression of gravitationally driven $r$-modes. The hyperonic bulk viscosity coefficient caused by non-leptonic weak interactions and the corresponding damping timescales are calculated and the $r$-mode instability windows are obtained. The present model predicts a significant reduction of the unstable region due to a more effective damping of oscillations. We find that from $\sim 10^8$ K to $\sim 10^{9}$ K, hyperonic bulk viscosity completely suppresses the $r$-modes leading to a stable region between the instability windows. Our analysis indicates that the instability can reduce the angular velocity of the star up to $\sim$0.3~$Ω_K$, where $Ω_K$ is the Kepler frequency of the star.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures; Accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Pelvicaliceal and Ureteral Diseases - Not Always Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Cell Carcinoma.
Creators: name: Moreno, Manuel Julian
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Inflammation
subject: Infection
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To review benign and malignant ureteral diseases that can mimic upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma (UUT-UCC). To show radiological and urological keys for differential...
Propagation of Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves in a Dipole Magnetic Field: A 2-D Hybrid Simulation
Creators: name: Kang, Ning
name: Lu, Quanming
name: Gao, Xinliang
name: Wang, Xueyi
name: Chen, Huayue
name: Wang, Shui
Publisher: name: American Geophysical Union
Year: 2021

description: Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are one commonly observed plasma waves in the Earth's inner magnetosphere and play a crucial role in particle dynamics in the radiation belt and ring current. EMIC waves are excited by a proton temperature anisotropy and generally have a left-handed polarization, however satellite observations have usually reported the existence of linearly polarized EMIC waves in the inner magnetosphere. In this paper, we employ a two-dimensional (2D) hybrid code in a dipole field (gcPIC-hybrid) to simulate the propagation of EMIC waves from the equatorial source region. We track one single EMIC wave packet and analyze how its properties evolve along its trajectory. In diagnosing the wave normal angle (WNA) of the packet, we propose a novel method called Wave Front Shape Identification (WFSI). The ellipticity can also been calculated after we know the WNA. By comparing the ellipticity calculated from the linear theory and the ellipticity diagnosed from the simulation, we conclude that in a proton-electron plasma, EMIC waves would turn from a left-handed polarization to a linear polarization solely due to the propagation effect when the waves propagate toward higher latitudes and become oblique. We also find that the peak frequency of the wave packet (the wave mode with the maximum amplitude) decreases when propagating toward higher latitudes, which is due to different growth and damping behavior of different modes.
Lasius alienus
Creators: name: Crawley, W. C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1920
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Lasius
Lasius alienus

description: Lasius alienus, Först. ☿. N.W. Persia, 1919 (Buxton),
description: Published as part of Crawley, W. C., 1920, Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded), pp. 177-179 in Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32 on page 1, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
PEDAGOGIKA YOʼNALISHIDA MUZEYNI INTERAKTIV VA KREATIV OʼQITISH VOSITASI SIFATIDA FOYDALANISH
Creators: name: Dadaboyev, Suhrob
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Mazkur maqolada ta’lim jarayonida muzey pedagogikasidan foydalanishning dolzarb masalalari, muzeyni interaktiv va kreativ oʼqitish vositasi sifatida foydalanish yo’llari, muzey pedagogikasining samaradorligini baholash bo’yicha fikr-mulohzalar yoritilgan.
QuakeFlow: A Scalable Machine-learning-based Earthquake Monitoring Workflow with Cloud Computing
Creators: name: Zhu, Weiqiang
name: Hou, Alvin Brian
name: Yang, Robert
name: Datta, Avoy
name: Mousavi, S. Mostafa
name: Ellsworth, William L.
name: Beroza, Gregory C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Earthquake monitoring workflows are designed to detect earthquake signals and to determine source characteristics from continuous waveform data. Recent developments in deep learning seismology have been used to improve tasks within earthquake monitoring workflows that allow the fast and accurate detection of up to orders of magnitude more small events than are present in conventional catalogs. To facilitate the application of machine-learning algorithms to large-volume seismic records, we developed a cloud-based earthquake monitoring workflow, QuakeFlow, that applies multiple processing steps to generate earthquake catalogs from raw seismic data. QuakeFlow uses a deep learning model, PhaseNet, for picking P/S phases and a machine learning model, GaMMA, for phase association with approximate earthquake location and magnitude. Each component in QuakeFlow is containerized, allowing straightforward updates to the pipeline with new deep learning/machine learning models, as well as the ability to add new components, such as earthquake relocation algorithms. We built QuakeFlow in Kubernetes to make it auto-scale for large datasets and to make it easy to deploy on cloud platforms, which enables large-scale parallel processing. We used QuakeFlow to process three years of continuous archived data from Puerto Rico, and found more than a factor of ten more events that occurred on much the same structures as previously known seismicity. We applied Quakeflow to monitoring frequent earthquakes in Hawaii and found over an order of magnitude more events than are in the standard catalog, including many events that illuminate the deep structure of the magmatic system. We also added Kafka and Spark streaming to deliver real-time earthquake monitoring results. QuakeFlow is an effective and efficient approach both for improving realtime earthquake monitoring and for mining archived seismic data sets.
Reliability of triclosan measures in repeated urine samples from Norwegian pregnant women
Creators: name: Longnecker, Matthew P
name: Aase, Heidi
name: Hoppin, Jane A
name: Calafat, Antonia M
name: London, Stephanie J
name: Engel, Stephanie M
name: Zeiner, Pål
name: Knudsen, Gun P
name: Eggesbø, Merete
name: Guidry, Virginia T
name: Bertelsen, Randi J
name: Jusko, Todd A
name: Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Triclosan (TCS) is a synthetic antibacterial chemical that is used in personal care products and is measurable in urine. Urinary TCS has been associated with allergy in children in Norway and the United States. A reasonable degree of temporal reliability of TCS urinary concentrations has been reported among U.S. children as well as for Puerto Rican pregnant women. We examined the reliability of TCS measures in urine among Norwegian pregnant women. Triclosan was measured in spot urine samples collected in gestational weeks 17, 23, and 29 from 45 women in The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) enrolled in 2007 and 2008. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rs) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) statistics were calculated. Fifty-six percent of the 45 women had a least one sample with a value above the method limit of detection (2.3 µg/L). The correlation coefficients were 0.61 for TCS concentrations at 17 and 23 weeks and 0.49 for concentrations at 17 and 29 weeks. For the three time points, the ICC was 0.49. The reliability of TCS concentrations in repeated urine samples from pregnant Norwegian women was reasonably good, suggesting a single urine sample can adequately represent TCS exposure during pregnancy.
The baryon vector current in the combined chiral and 1/Nc expansions
Creators: name: Flores-Mendieta, Ruben
name: Goity, Jose L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The baryon vector current is computed at one-loop order in large-Nc baryon chiral perturbation theory, where Nc is the number of colors. Loop graphs with octet and decuplet intermediate states are systematically incorporated into the analysis and the effects of the decuplet-octet mass difference and SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking are accounted for. There are large-Nc cancellations between different one-loop graphs as a consequence of the large-Nc spin-flavor symmetry of QCD baryons. The results are compared against the available experimental data through several fits in order to extract information about the unknown parameters. The large-Nc baryon chiral perturbation theory predictions are in very good agreement both with the expectations from the 1/Nc expansion and with the experimental data. The effect of SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking for the |Delta S|=1 vector current form factors f1(0) results in a reduction by a few percent with respect to the corresponding SU(3) symmetric values.
description: 62 pages, one figure
Cadmium levels in a North Carolina cohort: Identifying risk factors for elevated levels during pregnancy
Creators: name: Fry, Rebecca C
name: Miranda, Marie Lynn
name: Maxson, Pamela
name: Edwards, Sharon E
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The objectives of this study were to examine cadmium (Cd) levels and relationships to demographics in an observational, prospective pregnancy cohort study in Durham County, North Carolina. Multivariable models were used to compare blood Cd levels across demographic characteristics. The relative risk of having a blood Cd level that exceeds the US national median (0.32 μg/l) was estimated. Overall, >60% of the women had an elevated (>0.32 μg/l) blood Cd level. Controlling for confounding variables, smoking was associated with 21% (95% CI: 15–28%) increased risk for an elevated blood Cd level. High Cd levels were also observed in non-smokers and motivated smoking status-stratified models. Race, age, education, relationship status, insurance status and cotinine level were not associated with risk of elevated Cd levels among smokers; however, older age and higher cotinine levels were associated with elevated Cd levels among non-smokers. Taken together, more than half of pregnant women in this cohort had elevated blood Cd levels. Additionally, among non-smokers, 53% of the women had elevated levels of Cd, highlighting other potential sources of exposure. This study expands on the limited data describing Cd levels in pregnant populations and highlights the importance of understanding Cd exposures among non-smokers. Given the latent health risks of both smoking and Cd exposure, this study further highlights the need to biomonitor for exposure to toxic metals during pregnancy among all women of child-bearing age.
title: Low-contrast detectability of liver lesions reconstructed by hybrid iterative reconstruction in computed tomography: A phantom study compared between images exhibiting equivalent contrast-to-noise ratio
Creators: name: Urikura, Atsushi
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physics
subject: CT-Quantitative
subject: CT
subject: Abdomen
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Artifacts

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To reduce the radiation dose of CT examinations, CT manufacturers has developed a lot of dose reduction techniques. Iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithm is one of them, and have attracted attention as a noise reduction technique in low dose CT...
Large-Scale High-Speed Jets in Earth's Magnetosheath: Global Hybrid Simulations
Creators: name: Guo, Jin
name: Lu, San
name: Lu, Quanming
name: Lin, Yu
name: Wang, Xueyi
name: Ren, Junyi
name: Hao, Yufei
name: Huang, Kai
name: Wang, Rongsheng
name: Gao, Xinliang
Publisher: name: American Geophysical Union
Year: 2022

description: High-speed jets (HSJs) occur frequently in Earth's magnetosheath downstream of the quasiparallel bow shock. They have great impacts on the magnetosheath and the magnetosphere. Using two-dimensional global hybrid simulations, we investigate the formation and evolution of HSJs with different solar wind conditions. When the quasi-parallel shock is formed, HSJs begin to appear in the quasi-parallel magnetosheath. Some elongated HSJs formed at the quasi-parallel bow shock extend toward the quasi-perpendicular magnetosheath along with the background magnetosheath flow. As the elongated HSJs moves in the magnetosheath, filamentary structures of the velocity, ion density, and temperature occur in the magnetosheath. The filamentary structures are the traces of HSJs moving in the magnetosheath. Moreover, the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability can be excited at HSJs, which causes meandering of HSJs. When the interplanetary magnetic field is aligned to the solar wind velocity, the large-scale HSJs with a parallel (perpendicular) scale size of about 2.5 R-E (0.3 R-E) are formed at the magnetosheath where the theta(Bn) is approaching zero. Then, some HSJs converge, leading to the formation of even larger HSJs with a parallel (perpendicular) scale size of 5 R-E (0.6 R-E).
Effect of geocoding errors on traffic-related air pollutant exposure and concentration estimates
Creators: name: Ganguly, Rajiv
name: Breen, Michael
name: Isakov, Vlad
name: Snyder, Michelle
name: Batterman, Stuart
name: Brakefield-Caldwell, Wilma
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Exposure to traffic-related air pollutants is highest very near roads, and thus exposure estimates are sensitive to positional errors. This study evaluates positional and PM2.5 concentration errors that result from the use of automated geocoding methods and from linearized approximations of roads in link-based emission inventories. Two automated geocoders (Bing Map and ArcGIS) along with handheld GPS instruments were used to geocode 160 home locations of children enrolled in an air pollution study investigating effects of traffic-related pollutants in Detroit, Michigan. The average and maximum positional errors using the automated geocoders were 35 and 196 m, respectively. Comparing road edge and road centerline, differences in house-to-highway distances averaged 23 m and reached 82 m. These differences were attributable to road curvature, road width and the presence of ramps, factors that should be considered in proximity measures used either directly as an exposure metric or as inputs to dispersion or other models. Effects of positional errors for the 160 homes on PM2.5 concentrations resulting from traffic-related emissions were predicted using a detailed road network and the RLINE dispersion model. Concentration errors averaged only 9%, but maximum errors reached 54% for annual averages and 87% for maximum 24-h averages. Whereas most geocoding errors appear modest in magnitude, 5% to 20% of residences are expected to have positional errors exceeding 100 m. Such errors can substantially alter exposure estimates near roads because of the dramatic spatial gradients of traffic-related pollutant concentrations. To ensure the accuracy of exposure estimates for traffic-related air pollutants, especially near roads, confirmation of geocoordinates is recommended.
Water deuterium fractionation in the high-mass star-forming region G34.26+0.15 based on Herschel/HIFI data
Creators: name: Coutens, Audrey
name: Vastel, Charlotte
name: Hincelin, Ugo
name: Herbst, Eric
name: Lis, Dariusz C.
name: Chavarría, Luis
name: Gérin, Maryvonne
name: van der Tak, Floris F. S.
name: Persson, Carina M.
name: Goldsmith, Paul F.
name: Caux, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding water deuterium fractionation is important for constraining the mechanisms of water formation in interstellar clouds. Observations of HDO and H$_2^{18}$O transitions were carried out towards the high-mass star-forming region G34.26+0.15 with the HIFI instrument onboard the Herschel Space Observatory, as well as with ground-based single-dish telescopes. Ten HDO lines and three H$_2^{18}$O lines covering a broad range of upper energy levels (22-204 K) were detected. We used a non-LTE 1D analysis to determine the HDO/H$_2$O ratio as a function of radius in the envelope. Models with different water abundance distributions were considered in order to reproduce the observed line profiles. The HDO/H$_2$O ratio is found to be lower in the hot core ($\sim$3.5 $\times$ 10$^{-4}$ - 7.5 $\times$ 10$^{-4}$) than in the colder envelope ($\sim$1.0 $\times$ 10$^{-3}$ - 2.2 $\times$ 10$^{-3}$). This is the first time that a radial variation of the HDO/H$_2$O ratio has been found to occur in a high-mass source. The chemical evolution of this source was modeled as a function of its radius and the observations are relatively well reproduced. The comparison between the chemical model and the observations leads to an age of $\sim$10$^5$ years after the infrared dark cloud stage.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS; 21 pages, 21 figures
title: Diagnostic accuracy of unenhanced postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) for assessing pulmonary fat embolism
Creators: name: Chatzaraki, Vasiliki
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Forensic / Necropsy studies
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Respiratory system
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Medico-legal issues
subject: Forensics
subject: Pathology

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Fat globules in the blood circulation causing occlusion of the lung capillaries define pulmonary fat embolism (PFE) [1] , which has often traumatic origin [2-4] . PFE in forensic pathology is of main importance referring to vitality of a victim at...