cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Indoor Environments Predicting the Layout of Partially Observed Rooms
Creators: name: Luperto, Matteo
name: Fochetta, Luca
name: Amigoni, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider exploration tasks in which an autonomous mobile robot incrementally builds maps of initially unknown indoor environments. In such tasks, the robot makes a sequence of decisions on where to move next that, usually, are based on knowledge about the observed parts of the environment. In this paper, we present an approach that exploits a prediction of the geometric structure of the unknown parts of an environment to improve exploration performance. In particular, we leverage an existing method that reconstructs the layout of an environment starting from a partial grid map and that predicts the shape of partially observed rooms on the basis of geometric features representing the regularities of the indoor environment. Then, we originally employ the predicted layout to estimate the amount of new area the robot would observe from candidate locations in order to inform the selection of the next best location and to early stop the exploration when no further relevant area is expected to be discovered. Experimental activities show that our approach is able to effectively predict the layout of partially observed rooms and to use such knowledge to speed up the exploration.
PPFP Choices Kenya Adolescent Postpartum In-Depth Interview Guide
Creators: name: Breithaupt, Lindsay
name: Charurat, Elaine
name: Kennedy, Sara
name: Christofield, Megan
name: Schuster, Anne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Health Care
subject: 111707 Family Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This is the Kenya Adolescent In-Depth Interview tool for Jhpiego's Post Pregnancy Family Planning Choices (PPFP Choices) operations research study in Kenya and Indonesia. Included are the English, Kiswahili and Kimeru versions of the recruitment and consent forms, and the interview guides.
Newtonian limit of Extended Theories of Gravity
Creators: name: Capozziello, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Newtonian limit of Extended Theories of Gravity (in particular, higher--order and scalar--tensor theories) is theoretically discussed taking into account recent observational and experimental results.
description: 42 pages, 1 figure
Gate-controlled Suspended Titanium Nanobridge Supercurrent Transistor
Creators: name: Rocci, M.
name: De Simoni, G.
name: Puglia, C.
name: Esposti, D. Degli
name: Strambini, E.
name: Zannier, V.
name: Sorba, L.
name: Giazotto, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a family of experiments carried on all-metallic supercurrent nano-transistors a surprising gating effect has been recently shown. These include the full suppression of the critical supercurrent, the increase of quasiparticle population, the manipulation of the superconducting phase, and the broadening of the switching current distributions. Aside from the high potential for future applications, these findings raised fundamental questions on the origin of these phenomena. To date, two complementary hypotheses are under debate: an electrostatically-triggered orbital polarization at the superconductor surface, or the injection of highly-energetic quasiparticles extracted from the gate. Here, we tackle this crucial issue via a fully suspended gate-controlled Ti nano-transistor. Our geometry allows to eliminate any direct injection of quasiparticles through the substrate thereby making cold electron field emission through the vacuum the only possible charge transport mechanism. With the aid of a fully numerical 3D model in combination with the observed phenomenology and thermal considerations we can rule out, with any realistic likelihood, the occurrence of cold electron field emission. Excluding these two trivial phenomena is pivotal in light of understanding the microscopic nature of gating effect in superconducting nanostructures, which represents an unsolved puzzle in contemporary superconductivity. Yet, from the technological point of view, our suspended fabrication technique provides the enabling technology to implement a variety of applications and fundamental studies combining, for instance, superconductivity with nano-mechanics.
description: 7 pages, 4 color figures
Time-reversal in a dipolar quantum many-body spin system
Creators: name: Geier, Sebastian
name: Braemer, Adrian
name: Braun, Eduard
name: Müllenbach, Maximilian
name: Franz, Titus
name: Gärttner, Martin
name: Zürn, Gerhard
name: Weidemüller, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time reversal in a macroscopic system is contradicting daily experience. It is practically impossible to restore a shattered cup to its original state by just time reversing the microscopic dynamics that led to its breakage. Yet, with the precise control capabilities provided by modern quantum technology, the unitary evolution of a quantum system can be reversed in time. Here, we implement a time-reversal protocol in a dipolar interacting, isolated many-body spin system represented by Rydberg states in an atomic gas. By changing the states encoding the spin, we flip the sign of the interaction Hamiltonian, and demonstrate the reversal of the relaxation dynamics of the magnetization by letting a demagnetized many-body state evolve back-in-time into a magnetized state. We elucidate the role of atomic motion using the concept of a Loschmidt echo. Finally, by combining the approach with Floquet engineering, we demonstrate time reversal for a large family of spin models with different symmetries. Our method of state transfer is applicable across a wide range of quantum simulation platforms and has applications far beyond quantum many-body physics, reaching from quantum-enhanced sensing to quantum information scrambling.
Dynamic Weight Mapping Adaptive Routing (DWMAR) for IP networks
Creators: name: Xia, Feng
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis addresses the difficulties of both Shortest Path First (SPF) and traditional adaptive routing protocols. SPF does not respond to the link flow change so that it cannot find optimized routes for the network. Traditional adaptive routing protocols do respond to link load changes. However, the network flow varies so widely that a fixed global weight mapping function cannot be suitable for all the scenarios. That is why traditional adaptive routing protocols are prone to being unstable and counteract the benefits obtained from the link weight adaptation. Dynamic Weight Mapping Adaptive Routing (DWMAR) is then proposed to provide an optimized and stable adaptive routing protocol. DWMAR proposes an online dynamic weight mapping function which is customized for every link, so that more links will work under an efficient traffic load and have more chances to reach a stable state. To make up for the unstable nature of adaptive routing, DWMAR adopts different adaptive policies on different link loads. Theoretically, DWMAR is a stable algorithm. Finally, the performance of DWMAR is tested in simulations. The results are compared to the non-adaptive SPF algorithm and a fixed weight mapping adaptive routing, Load Sensitive Adaptive Routing (LSAR). DWMAR shows better performance than the other two algorithms in terms of network efficiency. DWMAR also shows its stability in the simulation results.
Diffractive dijet photoproduction at the EIC
Creators: name: Guzey, V.
name: Klasen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a first, detailed study of diffractive dijet photoproduction at the recently approved electron-ion collider (EIC) at BNL. Apart from establishing the kinematic reaches for various beam types, energies and kinematic cuts, we make precise predictions at next-to-leading order (NLO) of QCD in the most important kinematic variables. We show that the EIC will provide new and more precise information on the diffractive parton density functions (PDFs) in the pomeron than previously obtained at HERA, illuminate the still disputed mechanism of global vs.\ only resolved-photon factorization breaking, and provide access to a completely new quantity, i.e. nuclear diffractive PDFs.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures
Nonuniqueness in spin-density-functional theory on lattices
Creators: name: Ullrich, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In electronic many-particle systems, the mapping between densities and spin magnetizations, {n(r), m(r)}, and potentials and magnetic fields, {v(r), B(r)}, is known to be nonunique, which has fundamental and practical implications for spin-density-functional theory (SDFT). This paper studies the nonuniqueness (NU) in SDFT on arbitrary lattices. Two new, non-trivial cases are discovered, here called local saturation and global noncollinear NU, and their properties are discussed and illustrated. In the continuum limit, only some well-known special cases of NU survive.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Comparative analysis of organic and conventional farm sustainability in peri-urban zones of Rabat, Morocco: insights and perspectives
Creators: name: Hakimi, Fatiha
name: Sehli, Sara
name: Hashem, Abeer
name: Avila-Quezada, Graciela Dolores
name: Abd_Allah, Elsayed Fathi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Agriculture in peri-urban Rabat faces challenges such as rising input costs, an aging workforce, and labor retention issues, threatening farm sustainability. This study compares the sustainability of organic and conventional farms using the IDEA method, adapted to the local context. Assessing 30 farms (15 organic, 15 conventional) across agro-environmental, socio-territorial, and economic dimensions, the study employs tailored assessment criteria and an adapted scoring system, creating a detailed grid with 18 indicators spanning nine components. Data analysis and visualization were carried out using statistical methods and an Excel macro. Findings reveal that organic farms excel in agro-environmental sustainability, benefiting from biodiversity and eco-friendly practices. They also demonstrate long-term economic resilience due to short supply chains and organic labeling. In contrast, conventional farms, though more productive, face socio-territorial limitations, including weak social engagement and infrastructure, as well as economic dependence on external inputs. The study highlights organic farming’s potential to enhance sustainability in peri-urban areas through environmental stewardship and economic resilience. It suggests policy measures such as support for organic certification, infrastructure investment, and socio-territorial development programs. These insights inform strategies for improving sustainability in similar peri-urban agricultural contexts.
Crosslinked nanogel-based porous hydrogel as a functional scaffold for tongue muscle regeneration
Creators: name: Kinoshita, Naoya
name: Sasaki, Yoshihiro
name: Marukawa, Eriko
name: Hirose, Ryo
name: Shin-Ichi Sawada
name: Harada, Hiroyuki
name: Akiyoshi, Kazunari
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Surgical resection in tongue cancer can impair speech and swallowing, reducing quality of life. There is a need for biomaterials that can regenerate tongue muscle tissue defects. Ideally, such a biomaterial would allow controlled release of therapeutic proteins, support the survival and differentiation of therapeutic cells, and promote tongue muscle regeneration in vivo. The aim of the current study was to assess these factors in an acryloyl group-modified crosslinked nanogel, consisting of cholesterol-bearing pullulan hydrogel nanoparticles, to determine its potential as a regenerative therapeutic following tongue resection. The hydrogel demonstrated substantial porosity and underwent slow biodegradation. When loaded with a model protein, the gel enabled sustained protein release over two weeks in serum, with no initial burst release. Mouse myoblasts demonstrated adhesion to the hydrogel and cell survival was observed up to one week. Gel-encapsulated myoblasts demonstrated normal myotube differentiation. Myoblast-loaded gels were implanted in a tongue defect in mice, and there was a significant increase in newly-regenerated myofibers in gel-implanted animals. The developed biomaterial platform demonstrates significant potential as a regenerative treatment following tongue resection, as it facilitates both protein and cell-mediated therapy, and stimulates tongue muscle regeneration in vivo.
The construction of a lifetime-preserving tree for data aggregation in wireless sensor networks
Creators: name: Lee, Wi Nan Marc
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: To meet the demands of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) where data are usually aggregated along its way to be collected at a single source prior to transmitting to any distant user, there is a need to establish a tree structure inside any given event region. Such a tree provides event sources with a mechanism to combine their readings, so that only a minimum amount of energy is required to deliver the same amount of information to the user when data aggregation is not used. In this thesis, we propose a novel technique to create one such tree, which preserves the lifetime of event sources while they are constantly transmitting, for data aggregation in future WSNs. We use the term Lifetime-Preserving Tree (LPT) to denote this tree. LPT features in nodes with higher energy tend to be chosen as data aggregating parents so that the time to detect the first broken tree link can be extended. In addition, by constructing the tree in such a way, the protocol is also able to reduce the frequency of tree reconstruction, which incurs an additional energy cost to all the sources. Furthermore, the protocol minimizes the amount of data lost after the network is impaired by the broken tree link. By choosing Directed Diffusion as our underlying routing platform, our simulation results have shown that the functional lifetime of event sources can be prolonged by a maximum of 139% when data are aggregated via a modified spanning tree prior to transmission to distant sinks. Our proposed LPT scheme can further extend this lifetime by a maximum of additional 13% without impairing the average latency and packet delivery ratio. When tree depth is also considered in the tree construction, our results have indicated that LPT is more likely to be centered at the event region, thereby reducing its delay when comparing to the modified spanning tree model. We expect all these differences to grow with an increasing number of event sources.
Comprehensive assessment of error correction methods for high-throughput sequencing data
Creators: name: Heo, Yun
name: Manikandan, Gowthami
name: Ramachandran, Anand
name: Chen, Deming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The advent of DNA and RNA sequencing has revolutionized the study of genomics and molecular biology. Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies like Illumina, Ion Torrent, SOLiD sequencing etc. have brought about a quick and cheap way to sequence genomes. Recently, third generation sequencing (TGS) technologies like PacBio and Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) have also been developed. Different technologies use different underlying methods for sequencing and are prone to different error rates. Though many tools exist for error correction of sequencing data from NGS and TGS methods, no standard method is available yet to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of these error-correction tools. In this study, we present a Software Package for Error Correction Tool Assessment on nuCLEic acid sequences (SPECTACLE) providing comprehensive algorithms to evaluate error-correction methods for DNA and RNA sequencing, for NGS and TGS platforms. We also present a compilation of sequencing datasets for Illumina, PacBio and ONT platforms that present challenging scenarios for error-correction tools. Using these datasets and SPECTACLE, we evaluate the performance of 23 different error-correction tools and present unique and helpful insights into their strengths and weaknesses. We hope that our methodology will standardize the evaluation of DNA and RNA error-correction tools in the future.
The Star Formation Rate Function of the Local Universe
Creators: name: Martin, D. Christopher
name: Seibert, Mark
name: Buat, Veronique
name: Inglesias-Paramo, Jorge
name: Barlow, Tom A.
name: Bianchi, Luciana
name: Byun, Yong-Ik
name: Donas, Jose
name: Forster, Karl
name: Friedman, Peter G.
name: Heckman, Timothy M.
name: Jelinsky, Patrick N.
name: Lee, Young-Wook
name: Madore, Barry F.
name: Malina, Roger F.
name: Milliard, Bruno
name: Morrissey, Patrick F.
name: Neff, Susan G.
name: Rich, R. Michael
name: Schiminovich, David
name: Siegmund, Oswald H. W.
name: Small, Todd
name: Szalay, Alex S.
name: Welsh, Barry Y.
name: Wyder, Ted K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have derived the bivariate luminosity function for the far ultraviolet (1530Angstroms) and far infrared (60 microns). We used matched GALEX and IRAS data, and redshifts from NED and PSC-z. We have derived a total star formation luminosity function phi(L_{tot}), with L_{tot} = L_{FUV}+L_{FIR}. Using these, we determined the cosmic ``star formation rate'' function and density for the local universe. The total SFR function is fit very well by a log-normal distribution over five decades of luminosity. We find that the bivariate luminosity function phi(L_{FUV},L_{FIR}) shows a bimodal behavior, with L_{FIR} tracking L_{FUV} for L_{TOT}< 10^10 L_sun, and L_{FUV} saturating at 10^10 L_sun, while L_{TOT} L_{FIR} for higher luminosities. We also calculate the SFR density and compare it to other measurements.
description: This paper will be published as part of the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) Astrophysical Journal Letters Special Issue. Links to the full set of papers will be available at http:/www.galex.caltech.edu/PUBLICATIONS/ after November 22, 2004
Experiences and impacts of side effects among contraceptive users in the UK: exploring individual narratives of contraceptive side effects
Creators: name: Stewart, Catherine
name: Stevens, Rose
name: Kennedy, Fiona
name: Cecula, Paulina
name: Carrasco, Elena Rueda
name: Hall, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: While many women worldwide use contraception, there is a paucity of research on individual experiences of side effects. To address this gap, we investigated individual’s contraception experiences. Women aged 18 to 35, living in the UK were invited to participate in an online survey on contraception. Free text responses were collected. Through a directed content analysis approach, we developed a coding framework (based on existing literature and initial response review) including six themes; method(s) of contraception, side effect(s) experienced, impact of side effect(s), timing of side effect(s), interactions with healthcare practitioners, and trial-and-error. Overall, 337 participants provided free-text responses. Side effect experiences and impacts varied greatly between individuals and contraceptives. Most participants described negative effects, including mental health issues and bleeding problems. However, some shared positive experiences mainly related to bleeding management or the absence of side effects. Participants described how side effects often varied or appeared over time. Some participants felt unheard by healthcare practitioners. This study highlights how specific contraceptive experience is to the individual. We advocate for a patient-centred approach to contraceptive counselling. Practitioners should play an active role in improving contraception prescription, acknowledging the diverse experiences and preferences of patients. This UK based study highlights the individual nature of contraceptive experiences and how side effects are often overlooked by healthcare practitioners emphasising the need for patient-centred contraceptive counselling that considers the impacts on physical and mental health.
An Atlantic Canada Perspective on Social Audit: Why do Cooperatives Embrace the Theory but not the Practice?
Creators: name: MacLean, Maureen
name: MacKinnon, Brenda
name: MacLean, Maureen
name: MacKinnon, Brenda
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: This paper considers the implications for a cooperative which does not undertake to complete a social audit even though it embraces the theory. We show that some cooperatives have commenced work but have failed to complete the audit or failed to implement audit recommendations. We show that for the most part cooperatives have not recognized the cooperative advantage that undertaking a social audit provides. We analyze the reasons that are given and find that financial and time constraints, the fact that few models exist here in Atlantic Canada, lack of a well-defined methodology and a lack of commitment by management and volunteers, combine to present barriers to completing the process. We compare a cooperative and a credit union which have been directed by their membership to undertake a social audit. We draw conclusions as to the validity of the theory and the difficulties of the practice of social audit. We show that evaluating the performance of the cooperatives as it relates to its membership and civil society should not be left uncompleted.
The Rise and Decline of the Israeli Moshav Cooperative: A Historical Overview
Creators: name: Schwartz, Moshe
name: Schwartz, Moshe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: The moshav (village smallholder cooperative) emerged in the early 1 920s. In the next three decades, its cooperative structure and rules underwent some changes, in response to developments in its environment. During Israel's first statehood decade, the moshav became the country's most prevalent form of agricultural settlement. Then, for almost thirty years, structure and rules were "frozen", despite the transformations which swept Israel's social, political and economic landscape. This "freezing", it is claimed, was allowed by insulation : the Zionist Movement and the State of Israel set up barriers, partly separating the moshav from the economy of the country in each of the four markets of classical economics (commodities, labor, capital, and land). Stabilization also occurred through recurrent government bail-outs, often channeled through powerful regional organizations which were linked to the moshavim through unlimited mutual financial guarantees. These bail( Juts softened the "budget constraints" of the moshavim. In \985-86, almost all regional moshav organizations became insolvent, in the wake of stringent antiinflationary measures enacted by the government. An unprecedented financial crisis befell the moshavim, whose "budget constraints" were hardened as the government no longer provided them with unlimited (albeit unwritten) financial guarantees. The moshav "unfroze". Slow processes - decooperativization, the decline of agriculture, occupational change, suburbanization, loss of municipal autonomy and legal change - were considerably speeded up. We suggest that the acceleration of these processes was due to the hardening of the budget constraints of the moshavim as well as to the lowering of the barriers which had insulated them from other sectors of the country's society and economy.
Particle size distribution and chemical composition of aerosolized vitamin E acetate
Creators: name: Mikheev, Vladimir B.
name: Klupinski, Theodore P.
name: Ivanov, Alexander
name: Lucas, Eric A.
name: Strozier, Erich D.
name: Fix, Cory
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Copyright © 2020 American Association for Aerosol Research
The cost burden of adolescent and young adult pregnancy: real-world evidence from the Brazilian public health care system
Creators: name: Marmett, Bruna
name: Reis, Julia Mathias
name: de Carvalho, Amanda Ferreira
name: Dal Forno Kinalski, Daniela
name: de Souza, Carmem Lisiane Escouto
name: Werle, Natália Jaeger Basso
name: Masseli, Mayara Ribeiro
name: da Silva Etges, Ana Paula Beck
name: Polanczyk, Carisi Anne
name: Dalcin, Tiago Chagas
name: Amantea, Sérgio Luis
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: In low- and middle-income countries, pregnancy in adolescence represents an important public health issue. Rates of early pregnancy have significant social and economic consequences that extend beyond the individual sphere, impacting public/governmental budgets. To estimate the cost implications of early pregnancies from the perspective of the Brazilian Unified Public Health System. This retrospective secondary data analysis focuses on assessing direct hospital costs. The study cohort comprises adolescents and young adults who underwent prenatal care at a reference maternity hospital between January and December 2021. Individual procedure costs were extracted from hospital records and converted into monetary values using the Brazilian Federal Fee. The sample size for each group was determined based on preliminary data collected during a pilot study. Descriptive analyses presented costs stratified by age groups. To estimate budgetary impacts and sensitivity we used national live birth incidence rates. The mean cost per case of adolescent pregnancy was US$ 704.92 (SD: 1,707.74) and for adult pregnancy was US$ 592.40 (SD: 941.43). The cost of hospital admission accounted for 61% of the total cost of adolescent pregnancies. The annual budget impact of pregnancies among women under 30 years was estimated at US$ 1 billion, with 239 million coming from women under 20 years old. Pregnancy in adolescence may lead to a significant annual budget impact, representing 24% of costs attributed to pregnancies among women under 30 years. Costs related to hospital admissions and complications represent a substantial share of the total costs of adolescent pregnancy. Rates of early pregnancy have significant social and economic consequences that extend beyond the individual sphere, impacting public/governmental budgets. This article provides the annual impact of adolescent pregnancy on public health in Brazil, which amounts to US$ 239 million.
Shell Effects in Quasi-fission in Reactions Forming 226Th Compound Nucleus
Creators: name: Lee, Hyeonseop
name: McGlynn, Patrick
name: Simenel, Cedric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasi-fission (QF) reactions occur in fully damped heavy-ion collisions without the formation of an equilibrated compound nucleus, leading to the formation of fragments with similar properties as in fission reactions. Similar shell effects are expected to affect fragment formation in both fission and QF. Our purpose is to investigate QF dynamics in different reactions forming the same compound nucleus and search for possible signatures of shell effects in fragment formation. 50Ca+176Yb and 96Zr+130Sn QF reactions are simulated with the time-dependent Hartree-Fock code Sky3D near the Coulomb barrier. Evolutions of the quadrupole (Q20) and octupole (Q30) moments are interpreted in terms of features of the potential energy surface (PES) of the 226Th compound nucleus. Both reactions encounter QF. In 50Ca+176Yb, those only occur at finite angular momenta. In the more symmetric 96Zr+130Sn reaction with stronger Coulomb repulsion in the entrance channel, QF also occurs in central collisions. In agreement with earlier predictions, 50Ca+176Yb encounters partial mass equilibration that is stopped when the heavy fragment reaches Z~54 protons, as in the asymmetric fission mode of 226Th. 96Zr+130Sn encounters an inverse QF also leading to similar fragments as in asymmetric fission. In both systems, QF trajectories in the Q20-Q30 plane follow the asymmetric fission valley of 226Th PES. The observation of an inverse QF is a clear prediction that shell effects have a strong influence in QF. The similarity between fragments formed in asymmetric fission and QF supports the idea that the same shell effects are at play in both mechanisms. Interpreting QF dynamics with PES used in fission is naturally limited by the fact that these PES are usually computed with axial symmetry, no angular momentum and no excitation energy, thus motivating future developments of PES for QF.
Learning Task-General Representations with Generative Neuro-Symbolic Modeling
Creators: name: Feinman, Reuben
name: Lake, Brenden M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: People can learn rich, general-purpose conceptual representations from only raw perceptual inputs. Current machine learning approaches fall well short of these human standards, although different modeling traditions often have complementary strengths. Symbolic models can capture the compositional and causal knowledge that enables flexible generalization, but they struggle to learn from raw inputs, relying on strong abstractions and simplifying assumptions. Neural network models can learn directly from raw data, but they struggle to capture compositional and causal structure and typically must retrain to tackle new tasks. We bring together these two traditions to learn generative models of concepts that capture rich compositional and causal structure, while learning from raw data. We develop a generative neuro-symbolic (GNS) model of handwritten character concepts that uses the control flow of a probabilistic program, coupled with symbolic stroke primitives and a symbolic image renderer, to represent the causal and compositional processes by which characters are formed. The distributions of parts (strokes), and correlations between parts, are modeled with neural network subroutines, allowing the model to learn directly from raw data and express nonparametric statistical relationships. We apply our model to the Omniglot challenge of human-level concept learning, using a background set of alphabets to learn an expressive prior distribution over character drawings. In a subsequent evaluation, our GNS model uses probabilistic inference to learn rich conceptual representations from a single training image that generalize to 4 unique tasks, succeeding where previous work has fallen short.
Scintillation-induced Variability in Radio Absorption Spectra against Extragalactic Sources
Creators: name: Macquart, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral features absorbed against some radio quasars exhibit ~50mJy variations, with the lines varying both relative to the continuum and, when several lines are present, even relative to one another. We point out that such variability can be expected as a consequence of refractive scintillation caused by the interstellar medium of our Galaxy. Scintillation can cause independent variations between closely-spaced spectral lines, and can even alter the line profile. The background source need not be compact to exhibit spectral variability. The variability can be used to infer the parsec to sub-parsec scale structure of the intervening absorbing material. We discuss the importance of scintillation relative to other possible origins of spectral variability. The present theory is applied to account for the variations observed in the HI-absorbed quasar PKS 1127-145.
description: A&A in press, 17 pages, 3 figs
Connecting measurements of solar and stellar brightness variations
Creators: name: Nèmec, N. -E.
name: Işık, E.
name: Shapiro, A. I.
name: Solanki, S. K.
name: Krivova, N. A.
name: Unruh, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comparing solar and stellar brightness variations is hampered by the difference in spectral passbands used in observations as well as by the possible difference in the inclination of their rotation axes from the line of sight. We calculate the rotational variability of the Sun as it would be measured in passbands used for stellar observations. In particular, we consider the filter systems used by the CoRoT, $Kepler$, TESS, and $Gaia$ space missions. We also quantify the effect of the inclination of the rotation axis on the solar rotational variability. We employ the Spectral And Total Irradiance REconstructions (SATIRE) model to calculate solar brightness variations in different filter systems as observed from the ecliptic plane. We then combine the simulations of the surface distribution of the magnetic features at different inclinations using a surface flux transport model (SFTM) with the SATIRE calculations to compute the dependence of the variability on the inclination. For an ecliptic-bound observer, the amplitude of the solar rotational variability, as observed in the total solar irradiance (TSI) is 0.68 mmag (averaged over solar cycles 21-24). We obtained corresponding amplitudes in the $Kepler$ (0.74 mmag), CoRoT (0.73 mmag), TESS (0.62 mmag), $Gaia~ $ (0.74 mmag), $Gaia~ G_{RP}$ (0.62 mmag), and ), $Gaia~ G_{BP}$ (0.86 mmag) passbands. Decreasing the inclination of the rotation axis decreases the rotational variability. For a sample of randomly inclined stars, the variability is on average 15% lower in all filter systems considered in this work. This almost compensates for the difference in the amplitudes of the variability in TSI and $Kepler$ passbands, making the amplitudes derived from the TSI records an ideal representation of the solar rotational variability for comparison to $Kepler$ stars with unknown inclinations.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
A Michelson interferometer in the field of a plane gravitational wave
Creators: name: Poplawski, Nikodem J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We treat the problem of a Michelson interferometer in the field of a plane gravitational wave in the framework of general relativity. The arms of the interferometer are regarded as the world lines of the light beams, whose motion is determined by the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for a massless particle. In the case of a weak monochromatic wave we find that the formula for the delay of a light beam agrees with the result obtained by solving the linearized coupled Einstein-Maxwell equations. We also calculate this delay in the next (quadratic) approximation.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures; published version
Search for neutrinoless double beta decay with the NEMO-3 detector : First results
Creators: name: Lalanne, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The NEMO 3 detector has been running since February 2003 with several double beta emitters. New results are given for Mo100, Se82, Nd150, Zr96, Ca48. The NEMO 3 detector properties are presented for tracking reconstruction, identification of particles, energy measurement. Angular distributions for one and two electrons are produced as well as energy spectra. It is deduced new values of half lives for the double beta emitters and stronger limits on the effective neutrino mass using data on Mo100 and Se82.
Advanced holeburning techniques for determination of hyperfine transition properties in inhomogeneously broadened solids applied to Pr3+:Y2SiO5
Creators: name: Nilsson, Mattias
name: Rippe, Lars
name: Klieber, Robert
name: Suter, Dieter
name: Kroll, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A sequence of optical holeburning pulses is used to isolate transitions between hyperfine levels, which are initially buried within an inhomogeneously broadened absorption line. Using this technique selected transitions can be studied with no background absorption on other transitions. This makes it possible to directly study properties of the hyperfine transitions, e.g. transition strengths, and gives access to information that is difficult to obtain in standard holeburning spectroscopy, such as the ordering of hyperfine levels. The techniques introduced are applicable to absorbers in a solid with long-lived sublevels in the ground state and where the homogeneous linewidth and sublevel separations are smaller than the inhomogeneous broadening of the optical transition. In particular, this includes rare-earth ions doped into inorganic crystals and in the present work the techniques are used for spectroscopy of Pr3+ in Y2SiO5. New information on the hyperfine structure and relative transition strengths of the 3H4 - 1D2 hyperfine transitions in Pr3+:Y2SiO5 has been obtained from frequency resolved absorption measurements, in combination with coherent and incoherent driving of the transitions.
description: 30 pages, including figures, tables and references (12 pages text, 9 figures, 2 tables)
Loss of Communal Sustainability: The Kibbutz Shift from High-Trust to Low-Trust Culture
Creators: name: Shapira, Reuven
name: Shapira, Reuven
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: What is the connection between leaders' morality and the output performance of organizations? Can their morality explain, through trust, continuity and change of organizational cultures? These questions are fraught with so many complexities that· they can be untied only by Simon's (1992) proposal that organizational research should be analogous to zoology where an attempt is made to understand animals by a profound investigation of their immense variation. However, in the case of humans such investigation depends also on the finding of the right vantage point for proper interpretation of the criss-cross tapestry of cultures (Geertz, 1973), which makes a very complex organization. By studying this tapestry in the case of the kibbutz system a new picture is exposed than that portrayed by customary kibbutz research approach. It enables the explanation of both how most kibbutzim remained adaptive and creative for some six decades, and why have they lost creativity almost of a sudden, recently. A preliminary idea for preventing that process, based on leaders' continuation in office being conditional on growing trust, is herein presented.
"It Feels Like Taking a Gamble": Exploring Perceptions, Practices, and Challenges of Using Makeup and Cosmetics for People with Visual Impairments
Creators: name: Li, Franklin Mingzhe
name: Spektor, Franchesca
name: Xia, Meng
name: Huh, Mina
name: Cederberg, Peter
name: Gong, Yuqi
name: Shinohara, Kristen
name: Carrington, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Makeup and cosmetics offer the potential for self-expression and the reshaping of social roles for visually impaired people. However, there exist barriers to conducting a beauty regime because of the reliance on visual information and color variances in makeup. We present a content analysis of 145 YouTube videos to demonstrate visually impaired individuals' unique practices before, during, and after doing makeup. Based on the makeup practices, we then conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 visually impaired people to discuss their perceptions of and challenges with the makeup process in more depth. Overall, through our findings and discussion, we present novel perceptions of makeup from visually impaired individuals (e.g., broader representations of blindness and beauty). The existing challenges provide opportunities for future research to address learning barriers, insufficient feedback, and physical and environmental barriers, making the experience of doing makeup more accessible to people with visual impairments.
description: In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '22), April 29-May 5, 2022, New Orleans, LA, USA. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 15 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517490
Particle Size Distribution and Chemical Composition of the Aerosolized Vitamin E Acetate
Creators: name: Mikheev, Vladimir B.
name: Klupinski, Theodore P.
name: Ivanov, Alexander
name: Lucas, Eric A.
name: Strozier, Erich D.
name: Fix, Cory
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Hematology

description: Particle Size Distribution and Chemical Composition of the Aerosolized Vitamin E Acetate
Learning to Segment from Scribbles using Multi-scale Adversarial Attention Gates
Creators: name: Valvano, Gabriele
name: Leo, Andrea
name: Tsaftaris, Sotirios A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large, fine-grained image segmentation datasets, annotated at pixel-level, are difficult to obtain, particularly in medical imaging, where annotations also require expert knowledge. Weakly-supervised learning can train models by relying on weaker forms of annotation, such as scribbles. Here, we learn to segment using scribble annotations in an adversarial game. With unpaired segmentation masks, we train a multi-scale GAN to generate realistic segmentation masks at multiple resolutions, while we use scribbles to learn their correct position in the image. Central to the model's success is a novel attention gating mechanism, which we condition with adversarial signals to act as a shape prior, resulting in better object localization at multiple scales. Subject to adversarial conditioning, the segmentor learns attention maps that are semantic, suppress the noisy activations outside the objects, and reduce the vanishing gradient problem in the deeper layers of the segmentor. We evaluated our model on several medical (ACDC, LVSC, CHAOS) and non-medical (PPSS) datasets, and we report performance levels matching those achieved by models trained with fully annotated segmentation masks. We also demonstrate extensions in a variety of settings: semi-supervised learning; combining multiple scribble sources (a crowdsourcing scenario) and multi-task learning (combining scribble and mask supervision). We release expert-made scribble annotations for the ACDC dataset, and the code used for the experiments, at https://vios-s.github.io/multiscale-adversarial-attention-gates
description: Paper accepted for publication at: IEEE Transaction on Medical Imaging - Project page: https://vios-s.github.io/multiscale-adversarial-attention-gates
A randomised double-blind trial to determine the bleeding profile of the prolonged-release contraceptive dienogest 2 mg/ethinylestradiol 0.02 mg versus an immediate-release formulation of drospirenone 3 mg/ethinylestradiol 0.02 mg
Creators: name: Biskupska-Bodova, Kristina
name: Sójka-Kupny, Joanna
name: Nyirády, Tamás
name: Burke, Anne E.
name: Angulo, Alicyoy
name: Regidor, Pedro Antonio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Dienogest (DNG) 2 mg/ethinylestradiol (EE) 0.02 mg is the first low-dose combined oral contraceptive (COC) with a prolonged-release formulation that allows stable plasma concentrations and has high contraceptive efficacy (Pearl index: 0.2). The aim of this trial was to determine the bleeding profile of this contraceptive compared to an immediate release formulation. This prospective double-blind randomised controlled trial evaluated the bleeding patterns of DNG 2 mg/EE 0.02 mg compared with immediate-release drospirenone (DRSP) 3 mg/EE 0.02 mg in a 24/4-day regimen over nine cycles (randomisation ratio, 5:2). Participants recorded scheduled and unscheduled bleeding/spotting data using an electronic diary. A non-inferiority analysis for the proportion of participants with unscheduled bleeding/spotting was prespecified for Cycles 2–6. Safety, including adverse events, were monitored throughout the trial. Seven-hundred six and 288 participants received DNG/EE and DRSP/EE, respectively. Scheduled bleeding patterns per each 28-day cycle were similar in both groups. During Cycles 2–6, the proportion of participants with unscheduled bleeding/spotting was significantly lower in the DNG/EE group (50.5% [280/574] than in the DRSP/EE group (72.8% [171/235]]; treatment difference 22.3% [95% CI 15.9, 28.6%]; p < 0.0001). A low proportion of participants discontinued the trial due to bleeding disorders (1.7% and 0.7%, respectively). The safety profiles were similar for both treatments. The prolonged-release DNG 2 mg/EE 0.02 mg offers a significant decrease in unscheduled bleeding/spotting compared with an immediate-release COC, DRSP/EE, combined with high contraceptive efficacy and a very low adverse event profile. The prolonged-release DNG 2 mg/EE 0.02 mg offers a significant decrease in unscheduled bleeding compared with an immediate-release COC while maintaining contraceptive efficacy and with no new safety signals.