cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Synthesizing quantum circuits via numerical optimization
Creators: name: de Brugière, Timothée Goubault
name: Baboulin, Marc
name: Valiron, Benoît
name: Allouche, Cyril
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a simple framework for the synthesis of quantum circuits based on a numerical optimization algorithm. This algorithm is used in the context of the trapped-ions technology. We derive theoretical lower bounds for the number of quantum gates required to implement any quantum algorithm. Then we present numerical experiments with random quantum operators where we compute the optimal parameters of the circuits and we illustrate the correctness of the theoretical lower bounds. We finally discuss the scalability of the method with the number of qubits.
description: 14 pages, preprint
BMWS - Consideration around sustainability
Creators: name: Ulissi, Ulderico
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 50204 Environmental Impact Assessment
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: A back-of-the-envelope calculation on potential savings in terms of CO2e by shifting to online conferences
Profil de pauvreté et filets de sécurité des riziculteurs dans les zones d’introduction des NERICA au Togo : cas de la région des plateaux
Creators: name: Komi, Tsogonnin
name: Komi, Tsogonnin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Pauvreté
subject: Dépenses de consommations
subject: Ménage
subject: NERICA
subject: Risque
subject: filets de sécurité
subject: Poverty
subject: Consumer expenditure
subject: household
subject: Risk
subject: safety nets

description: Cette étude vise à évaluer l’état de pauvreté des riziculteurs en vue d’apprécier leurs capacités de gestion des risques auxquels ils sont exposés. Une enquête a permis de collecter des données dans 14 villages sur un échantillon de 183 ménages riziculteurs dans la région des plateaux au Togo. La formule de Foster Greer et de Thorbecke (FGT) a été utilisée pour calculer les indicateurs de pauvreté au sein de ces ménages. Les indicateurs de pauvreté sont élevés et témoignent l’extrême pauvreté qui règne au sein de ces ménages. L’incidence de la pauvreté, la profondeur de la pauvreté et la sévérité de la pauvreté sont respectivement 92,59%, 14,90% et 7,51% pour les producteurs de NERICA contre 96,15%, 32,50% et 12,73% pour les autres producteurs. Les facteurs socio-économiques et démographiques tels que la taille du ménage, la superficie cultivée en riz et le niveau d’éducation du chef de ménage ont une influence sur le statut de pauvreté de ces ménages. La gestion des risques par les ménages se fait de la même manière, principalement par la diversification de leur revenu. Ainsi les producteurs de NERICA et les non producteurs présentent pratiquement les mêmes filets de sécurité.The objective of this study is to evaluate the state of poverty of rice growers in order to appreciate their capacities of risk management in which they are exposed. Data used are from 14 villages on a sample of 183 household’s rice growers in the area of the plates in Togo. The formula of Foster Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) was used to calculate the indicators of poverty within these households. The indicators of poverty are raised and testify the extreme poverty which reigns in those households. The incidence of poverty, the depth of poverty and the severity of poverty are respectively 92,59%, 14,90% and 7,51% for the producers of NERICA against 96,15%, 32,50% and 12,7 3% for the other producers. Socio-economic and demographic factors such as the size of the household, the acreage out of rice and the level of education of the head of household have an influence on the statute of poverty of these households. The management of risks by the households is made same manner, mainly by the diversification of their income. Thus, producers of NERICA and the other producers present practically the same safety nets.
Upper limit on the $η\toπ^{+}π^{-}$ branching fraction with the KLOE experiment
Creators: name: Babusci, D.
name: Berlowski, M.
name: Bloise, C.
name: Bossi, F.
name: Branchini, P.
name: Budano, A.
name: Cao, B.
name: Ceradini, F.
name: Ciambrone, P.
name: Curciarello, F.
name: Czerwiński, E.
name: D'Agostini, G.
name: Danè, E.
name: De Leo, V.
name: De Lucia, E.
name: De Santis, A.
name: De Simone, P.
name: Di Cicco, A.
name: Di Domenico, A.
name: Domenici, D.
name: D'Uffizi, A.
name: Fantini, A.
name: Fermani, P.
name: Fiore, S.
name: Gajos, A.
name: Gauzzi, P.
name: Giovannella, S.
name: Graziani, E.
name: Ivanov, V. L.
name: Johansson, T.
name: Kang, X.
name: Kisielewska-Kamińska, D.
name: Kozyrev, E. A.
name: Krzemien, W.
name: Kupsc, A.
name: Lukin, P. A.
name: Mandaglio, G.
name: Martini, M.
name: Messi, R.
name: Miscetti, S.
name: Moricciani, D.
name: Moskal, P.
name: Parzych, S.
name: Passeri, A.
name: Patera, V.
name: del Rio, E. Perez
name: Santangelo, P.
name: Schioppa, M.
name: Selce, A.
name: Silarski, M.
name: Sirghi, F.
name: Solodov, E. P.
name: Tortora, L.
name: Venanzoni, G.
name: Wiślicki, W.
name: Wolke, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on an integrated luminosity of 1.61 fb$^{-1}$ $e^+e^-$ collision data collected with the KLOE detector at DA$Φ$NE, the Frascati $ϕ$-factory, a search for the $P$- and $CP$-violating decay $η\toπ^{+}π^{-}$ has been performed. Radiative $ϕ\toηγ$ decay is exploited to access the $η$ mesons. No signal is observed in the $π^{+}π^{-}$ invariant mass spectrum, and the upper limit on the branching fraction at 90\% confidence level is determined to be ${\mathcal B}(η\toπ^{+}π^{-})<4.9\times10^{-6}$, which is approximately three times smaller than the previous KLOE result. From the combination of these two measurements we get ${\mathcal B}(η\toπ^{+}π^{-}) < 4.4\times10^{-6}$ at 90\% confidence level.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Heterotic Standard Model Moduli
Creators: name: Braun, Volker
name: He, Yang-Hui
name: Ovrut, Burt A.
name: Pantev, Tony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In previous papers, we introduced a heterotic standard model and discussed its basic properties. The Calabi-Yau threefold has, generically, three Kahler and three complex structure moduli. The observable sector of this vacuum has the spectrum of the MSSM with one additional pair of Higgs-Higgs conjugate fields. The hidden sector has no charged matter in the strongly coupled string and only minimal matter for weak coupling. Additionally, the spectrum of both sectors will contain vector bundle moduli. The exact number of such moduli was conjectured to be small, but was not explicitly computed. In this paper, we rectify this and present a formalism for computing the number of vector bundle moduli. Using this formalism, the number of moduli in both the observable and strongly coupled hidden sectors is explicitly calculated.
description: 28 pages, LaTeX; v2: typos corrected, references added; v3: clarifications, references added
Curtailing Fertilizer Scarcity and Climate Change; an appraisal of Factors Affecting Organic Materials Use Option in Nigeria’s Agriculture
Creators: name: Omotesho, O.A.
name: Fakayode, S.B.
name: Tariya, Y.
name: Omotesho, O.A.
name: Fakayode, S.B.
name: Tariya, Y.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: farming systems
subject: bio-diversity
subject: carbon emissions
subject: cut worm infestation
subject: food sub-sector
subject: sheep
subject: goat
subject: poultry
subject: optimal mixtures

description: Global trends nowadays towards long term sustainable crop production is hinged on either supplementing the use of chemical fertilizers with organic materials or a complete use of organic materials. This is more so since substituting chemical fertilizers with organic materials reduces the risks of exposure to ailments that arise on account of synthetic compounds and increases farmers’ gains via reduced soil erosion and carbon emissions and increased bio-diversity. In this vein, the current study investigated organic materials use in Nigeria’s agriculture. Specifically, the study examined availability and use of chemical fertilizer and organic materials substitutes and investigated factors affecting the use of organic materials in the Nigerian food sector. The study data were drawn from a survey of sixty-one farm households that used organic materials as major nutrients inputs or as supplement with chemical fertilizers for their cropping activities. The study area is Shira in Nigeria. Farmers in this area usually incorporate the use of organic materials in their agriculture. The descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used to analyse the study data. Results indicate that farmers in the study area source their chemical fertilizer inputs from the open market at an exorbitant price of N2000 (US dollar $13.8) per bag on average thereby using very low rates of chemical fertilizers. Organic materials used by farmers were sourced from cattle, goats, sheep and poultry droppings. The quantity of organic material used was 12,513.0 kg per hectare at a cost of N15,015.6 (US dollar $103.5). Major constraints in the use of organic materials by farmers include poor transport facilities and cutworm infestations of the organic materials. Factors revealed to influence the quantity of organic material used by farmers were the cost of organic materials and the quantity of chemical fertilizers used by the farmers. The study therefore calls for stakeholders in the food sub-sector to encourage the establishment of blending plants for the production of organic materials, burning of organic materials before usage, and the need to enhance researches aimed at establishing optimal material mixtures and application rates for organic materials used in the Nigerian farming systems.
Haplopteris yakushimensis C. W. Chen & A. Ebihara 2014, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Chen, Cheng Wei
name: Ebihara, Atsushi
name: Chiou, Wen Liang
name: Li, Chia Wei
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Polypodiopsida
Polypodiales
Pteridaceae
Haplopteris
Haplopteris yakushimensis

description: Haplopteris yakushimensis C.W.Chen & Ebihara, sp. nov. (Fig. 3)
Type:— JAPAN. Kagoshima Pref., Island Yakushima, Nakabase River. 20 August 1982, Nakaike s.n. (holotype TNS VS-456666!)
Differs from Haplopteris amboinensis by having chartaceous fronds with flat margins and minutely toothed rhizome scales and from Haplopteris doniana by having grooved adaxial costae and smaller (4–10 × 0.5–1.2 versus 15–20 × 1–2.5 mm) rhizome scales.
Plants lithophytic or epiphytic at the base of trees. Rhizomes short-creeping, scaly; rhizome scales clathrate, linearlanceolate, 4–10 × 0.5–1.2 mm at the base tapering to 1 cell wide at the apex, dark-brown, the edge slightly denticulate. Leaves clustered, stipes short; laminae chartaceous, linear, 15–30 × 0.5–1 cm, broadest usually near the middle, narrowed gradually towards both ends, flattened towards the base, the margins not revolute; the midribs visible and slightly grooved adaxially, abaxial surfaces with a long narrow raised ridges; veins obscure. Sorus line submarginal, superficial; sporangium stalks short, 4-celled; paraphyses 5–8 cells long, capital cell funnel-shaped, the length longer than wide. Spores monolete, oblong, 52.8 ± 4.6 µm long, surface papillate with scattered rodlets but becoming smooth when aged (Figure 4).
Distribution and habitat:—Only known from Yakushima Island, Japan, approximately 61.3 kilometers south of the Osumi Peninsula in southern Kyushu. It grows at the base of trees in lower mountain near the river at ca. 200–300 m (Figure 5).
Etymology:—The species is named for the type locality.
Additional specimens examined:— JAPAN. Kagoshima Pref., Yakushima Island, Miyanoura. 14 August 1963, Kawabata s.n. (TNS VS-155833!). Nakabase River, 4 January 2009, Oka K-090106 (TNS VS-736790!). Mt. Hasadake, 24 July 1978, Kawahara s.n. (TNS VS-583567!). Nakabase River, 29 December 1964, Heki 6570 (TNS VS-789799!).
Conservation status:—The species is listed as a critically endangered species (CR) in the latest red list of Japan (Ministry of Environment, Japan, 2012). Among a number of endangered species mostly due to overgrazing by sika deer (Takatsuki 2009), this species seems to have a high risk of extinction. Formal IUCN red listing is yet to be carried out for this taxon.
description: Published as part of Chen, Cheng Wei, Ebihara, Atsushi, Chiou, Wen Liang & Li, Chia Wei, 2014, Haplopteris yakushimensis (Pteridaceae, Vittarioideae), a new species from Yakushima Island, Japan, pp. 229-234 in Phytotaxa 156 (4) on pages 232-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.156.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5128022
Continuous Health Interface Event Retrieval
Creators: name: Pandey, Vaibhav
name: Nag, Nitish
name: Jain, Ramesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Knowing the state of our health at every moment in time is critical for advances in health science. Using data obtained outside an episodic clinical setting is the first step towards building a continuous health estimation system. In this paper, we explore a system that allows users to combine events and data streams from different sources to retrieve complex biological events, such as cardiovascular volume overload. These complex events, which have been explored in biomedical literature and which we call interface events, have a direct causal impact on relevant biological systems. They are the interface through which the lifestyle events influence our health. We retrieve the interface events from existing events and data streams by encoding domain knowledge using an event operator language.
description: ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval 2020 (ICMR 2020), held in Dublin, Ireland from June 8-11, 2020
Radial velocity moments of dark matter haloes
Creators: name: Wojtak, Radoslaw
name: Lokas, Ewa L.
name: Gottloeber, Stefan
name: Mamon, Gary A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using cosmological N-body simulations we study the radial velocity distribution in dark matter haloes focusing on the lowest-order even moments, dispersion and kurtosis. We determine the properties of ten massive haloes in the simulation box approximating their density distribution by the NFW formula characterized by the virial mass and concentration. We also calculate the velocity anisotropy parameter of the haloes and find it mildly radial and increasing with distance from the halo centre. The radial velocity dispersion of the haloes shows a characteristic profile with a maximum, while the radial kurtosis profile decreases with distance starting from a value close to Gaussian near the centre. We therefore confirm that dark matter haloes possess intrinsically non-Gaussian, flat-topped velocity distributions. We find that the radial velocity moments of the simulated haloes are quite well reproduced by the solutions of the Jeans equations obtained for the halo parameters with the anisotropy measured in the simulations. We also study the radial velocity moments for a composite cluster made of ten haloes out to ten virial radii. In this region the velocity dispersion decreases systematically to reach the value of the background, while kurtosis increases from below to above the Gaussian value of 3 signifying a transition from a flat-topped to a strongly peaked velocity distribution with respect to the Gaussian, which can be interpreted as the dominance of ordered flow with a small dispersion. We illustrate the transition by showing explicitly the velocity distribution of the composite cluster in a few radial bins.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, minor changes, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
Resource Use Efficiency in Poultry Production in Bureti District, Kenya
Creators: name: Vincent, Ng’eno
name: Lagat, B.K.
name: Korir, M.K.
name: Ngeno, E.K.
name: Kipsat, Mary J.
name: Vincent, Ng’eno
name: Lagat, B.K.
name: Korir, M.K.
name: Ngeno, E.K.
name: Kipsat, Mary J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Economic Efficiency
subject: Resource Use Efficiency
subject: Small-Holder Poultry Farmers
subject: Kenya

description: Poultry production is one of the most important economic activities to the smallholder farmers of Kenya. However, constraints are evident which have resulted in low production of poultry and poultry products to meet population demand and for socio-economic sustainability of the livelihoods. The objective of the study was to determine resource use efficiency, optimal production levels, production systems of small-scale poultry farmers in Bureti district, Kenya. Primary data were obtained using a set of structured questionnaires from 300 representative farmers drawn from the study area using cross-sectional sampling techniques. Data were analyzed by Cobb-Douglas production function. The results showed that the resources used in poultry production were underutilized while others were over utilized. The efficiency indicators for poultry feeds (0.0603) showed that poultry feeds were inefficiently used. Labour efficiency indicator (-0.091) showed that farmers were not only grossly inefficient in the use of the resource but also over utilized it while the efficiency indicator (60.86) for poultry equipment implied the resource was inefficiently utilized. It is recommended that farmers should use inputs more efficiently (particularly feeds which were being inefficiently utilized) by reducing their levels of employment.
Inverse Primakoff Scattering as a Probe of Solar Axions at Liquid Xenon Direct Detection Experiments
Creators: name: Dent, James B.
name: Dutta, Bhaskar
name: Newstead, Jayden L.
name: Thompson, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that XENON1T and future liquid xenon (LXe) direct detection experiments are sensitive to axions through the standard $g_{aγ}aF\tilde{F}$ operators due to inverse-Primakoff scattering. This previously neglected channel significantly improves the sensitivity to the axion-photon coupling, with a reach extending to $g_{aγ} \sim 10^{-10}$ GeV$^{-1}$ for axion masses up to a keV, thereby extending into the region of heavier QCD axion models. This result modifies the couplings required to explain the XENON1T excess in terms of solar axions, opening a large region of $g_{aγ}$ - $m_a$ parameter space which is not ruled out by the CAST helioscope experiment and reducing the tension with the astrophysical constraints. We explore the sensitivity to solar axions for future generations of LXe detectors which can exceed future helioscope experiments, such as IAXO, for a large region of parameter space.
description: Added discussion and expanded results w.r.t. atomic form factor choice
A microscopic investigation of the transition form factor in the region of collective multipole excitations of stable and unstable nuclei
Creators: name: Papakonstantinou, P.
name: Mavrommatis, E.
name: Wambach, J.
name: Ponomarev, V. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used a self-consistent Skyrme-Hartree-Fock plus Continuum-RPA model to study the low-multipole response of stable and neutron/proton-rich Ni and Sn isotopes. We focus on the momentum-transfer dependence of the strength distribution, as it provides information on the structure of excited nuclear states and in particular on the variations of the transition form factor (TFF) with the energy. Our results show, among other things, that the TFF may show significant energy dependence in the region of the isoscalar giant monopole resonance and that the TFF corresponding to the threshold strength in the case of neutron-rich nuclei is different compared to the one corresponding to the respective giant resonance. Perspectives are given for more detailed future investigations.
description: 13 pages, incl. 9 figures; to appear in J.Phys.G, http://www.iop.org/EJ/jphysg
Transition metal complexes with 2-acetylpyridine-ethylcarbazate: noncovalent interactions in their structures and antimicrobial studies
Creators: name: Gatto, Claudia C.
name: Duarte, Eduardo De A.
name: Liarte, Gabriela S.
name: Thayná S. Silva
name: Santiago, Mariana B.
name: Martins, Carlos H. G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The 2-acetylpyridine-ethylcarbazate ligand (HL) formed four metal complexes, [Cu(HL)Cl2]⋅H2O (1), [Cu(HL)Br2]⋅H2O (2), [Zn(HL)Cl2] (3) and [Ni(L)2]⋅H2O (4). The carbazate and their metal complexes have been investigated by single crystal X-ray analysis, physicochemical, and spectroscopic methods. The Schiff base is coordinated to the metal ions as an anionic bi or tridentate ligand with the Z configuration about the imine C = N at the carbazate. Interactions in the crystal structures were analyzed using Hirshfeld surfaces and the 2D-fingerprint plots. Complexes 1, 2, and 3 present π⋅⋅⋅π stacking between the pyridyl rings with inter-centroid separations of 3.664(3)–3.887(2) Å. The water solvent molecules and the halogens allow the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds which close supramolecular structures in the molecular packing of the complexes. Free HL and 1–4 have been evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activity against several multi-resistant bacteria and fungi. Significant antimicrobial activity of the complexes was observed; however, the free ligand and its complexes did not reveal any activity against some of the tested organisms.
Improved bounds on the Ramsey number of fans
Creators: name: Chen, Guantao
name: Yu, Xiaowei
name: Zhao, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a given graph $H$, the Ramsey number $r(H)$ is the minimum $N$ such that any 2-edge-coloring of the complete graph $K_N$ yields a monochromatic copy of $H$. Given a positive integer $n$, a \emph{fan }$F_n$ is a graph formed by $n$ triangles that share one common vertex. We show that ${9n}/{2}-5\le r(F_n)\le {11n}/{2} + 6$ for any $n$. This improves previous best bounds $r(F_n) \le 6n$ of Lin and Li and $r(F_n) \ge 4n+2$ of Zhang, Broersma and Chen.
OPTIMISM TIDieR checklist v1.0
Creators: name: Kontou, Eirini
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Health Care
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111710 Health Counselling

description: TIDieR checklist for OPTIMISM intervention Phase 2 feasibility randomised controlled trial
Global analysis of muon decay measurements
Creators: name: Gagliardi, C. A.
name: Tribble, R. E.
name: Williams, N. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed a global analysis of muon decay measurements to establish model-independent limits on the space-time structure of the muon decay matrix element. We find limits on the scalar, vector and tensor coupling of right- and left-handed muons to right- and left-handed electrons. The limits on those terms that involve the decay of right-handed muons to left-handed electrons are more restrictive than in previous global analyses, while the limits on the other non-standard model interactions are comparable. The value of the Michel parameter eta found in the global analysis is -0.0036 \pm 0.0069, slightly more precise than the value found in a more restrictive analysis of a recent measurement. This has implications for the Fermi coupling constant G_F.
description: 5 pages, 3 tables
Valuing indigenous biodiversity in the freshwater environment
Creators: name: Bell, Brian A.
name: Yap, Michael
name: Cudby, Charlotte
name: Bell, Brian A.
name: Yap, Michael
name: Cudby, Charlotte
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Non-market valuation
subject: biosecurity
subject: biodiversity

description: Biosecurity incursion response decisions require timely, high quality information involving science and economics. The value of the impact on indigenous biodiversity is a key aspect of the economics typically involving cost-benefit analysis. The hypothetical incursion of Biosecurity New Zealand’s top priority weed hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) in a typical New Zealand lake (Lake Rotoroa otherwise known as Hamilton Lake) elicits dollar values of impacts on indigenous biodiversity in a freshwater environment. Using the stated preference tool, Choice Modelling, the experimental design was maximised for efficiency of Willingness to Pay (WTP) estimation. The survey method of community meetings of four population samples at varying distances to the incursion site is a cross between a mail survey and an individual interview survey. Results show an efficient design with minimal sample size and biodiversity attributes that have values statistically different from zero but not statistically different between locations.
Participants’ descriptions of living with fibromyalgia : an interpretive descriptive study
Creators: name: Cunningham, Margaret Mui Yeah
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome that affects almost every aspect of a person's life and creates many demands on health care resources. We know very little, however, about what the experience of living with FM is like, from the perspective of afflicted individuals. This study addresses this gap in our knowledge, using the interpretive descriptive method described by Thorne, Reimer Kirkham, and MacDonald-Emes (1997) to elicit individuals' descriptions of their experiences of living with FM. The analytic framework that guided this inquiry was derived from the existing body of literature that addresses the experience of living with the condition. This literature was then compared with the findings of the current study to capture the essence of living with the phenomenon within the general context of the lives of the participants. Purposive theoretical sampling was used in this study. The researcher collected data through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a total of eight participants ranging in age from 31 to 79 years. The data were collected and analyzed concurrently using a constant comparative inductive analytic method. The findings of this study indicate that key aspects of individuals' experiences of living with FM consist of several interrelated major themes. One such theme is living with the symptoms of FM and enduring the subsequent impact of these symptoms on multiple facets of the participants' physical, emotional, mental, familial, social, working, recreational and economic lives. The second theme is the management of FM, which involves the key aspect of striving to achieve and maintain a balance. The third theme focuses on how the social, health care and political contexts shape the experience of individuals living with FM. The findings of this study suggest that persons with FM believe that there is a need for more education about the condition, especially among health care professionals; this would increase their effectiveness in caring for people with FM. Participants in this study felt that health care professionals need to acknowledge the suffering of individuals with FM, and to strive to support them in their efforts to live and manage the condition.
On nonlinear Feynman-Kac formulas for viscosity solutions of semilinear parabolic partial differential equations
Creators: name: Beck, Christian
name: Hutzenthaler, Martin
name: Jentzen, Arnulf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The classical Feynman-Kac identity builds a bridge between stochastic analysis and partial differential equations (PDEs) by providing stochastic representations for classical solutions of linear Kolmogorov PDEs. This opens the door for the derivation of sampling based Monte Carlo approximation methods, which can be meshfree and thereby stand a chance to approximate solutions of PDEs without suffering from the curse of dimensionality. In this article we extend the classical Feynman-Kac formula to certain semilinear Kolmogorov PDEs. More specifically, we identify suitable solutions of stochastic fixed point equations (SFPEs), which arise when the classical Feynman-Kac identity is formally applied to semilinear Kolmorogov PDEs, as viscosity solutions of the corresponding PDEs. This justifies, in particular, employing full-history recursive multilevel Picard (MLP) approximation algorithms, which have recently been shown to overcome the curse of dimensionality in the numerical approximation of solutions of SFPEs, in the numerical approximation of semilinear Kolmogorov PDEs.
description: 54 pages
Ranking New Zealand river values – a novel approach to managing the ‘chalk and cheese’ problem
Creators: name: Hughey, Kenneth F.D.
name: Hughey, Kenneth F.D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: River values
subject: prioritization system
subject: irrigation and birdlife
subject: New Zealand

description: In New Zealand, regional councils have the task of sustainably managing rivers and their flows. In trying to achieve this task they face enormous challenges including the need to allocate flows amongst often highly disparate in- (e.g., angling, kayaking, native fish and birds) and out-of-river (e.g., irrigation and hydro energy) values/needs. To aid in this task these councils need to know which rivers or parts of rivers are relatively more or less important on national, regional and local bases, for particular values. This task becomes even more challenging given limited information availability for many values, and no overarching policy or decision framework. In this paper I report on a FRST-funded (and less than 1-year long) project which has addressed these challenges. A multi-criteria and expert panel based methodology has been developed and applied to a wide range of values to produce lists of rivers by value, ranked according to their national, regional and local importance. The methodology is described and example applications given. The need to ‘buy-in’ multi-and, ultimately, interdisciplinary participation is emphasized as well as a range of ongoing implementation challenges and further needs.
K-shell Photoabsorption of Oxygen Ions
Creators: name: Garcia, J.
name: Mendoza, C.
name: Bautista, M. A.
name: Gorczyca, T. W.
name: Kallman, T. R.
name: Palmeri, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extensive calculations of the atomic data required for the spectral modelling of the K-shell photoabsorption of oxygen ions have been carried out in a multi-code approach. The present level energies and wavelengths for the highly ionized species (electron occupancies 2 <= N <= 4) are accurate to within 0.5 eV and 0.02 A, respectively. For N > 4, lack of measurements, wide experimental scatter, and discrepancies among theoretical values are handicaps in reliable accuracy assessments. The radiative and Auger rates are expected to be accurate to 10% and 20%, respectively, except for transitions involving strongly mixed levels. Radiative and Auger dampings have been taken into account in the calculation of photoabsorption cross sections in the K-threshold region, leading to overlapping lorentzian shaped resonances of constant widths that cause edge smearing. The behavior of the improved opacities in this region has been studied with the XSTAR modelling code using simple constant density slab models, and is displayed for a range of ionization parameters.
description: 33 pages, 8 figures, 9 tables
Solution to the debris disc mass problem: planetesimals are born small?
Creators: name: Krivov, Alexander V.
name: Wyatt, Mark C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Debris belts on the periphery of planetary systems, encompassing the region occupied by planetary orbits, are massive analogues of the Solar system's Kuiper belt. They are detected by thermal emission of dust released in collisions amongst directly unobservable larger bodies that carry most of the debris disc mass. We estimate the total mass of the discs by extrapolating up the mass of emitting dust with the help of collisional cascade models. The resulting mass of bright debris discs appears to be unrealistically large, exceeding the mass of solids available in the systems at the preceding protoplanetary stage. We discuss this "mass problem" in detail and investigate possible solutions to it. These include uncertainties in the dust opacity and planetesimal strength, variation of the bulk density with size, steepening of the size distribution by damping processes, the role of the unknown "collisional age" of the discs, and dust production in recent giant impacts. While we cannot rule out the possibility that a combination of these might help, we argue that the easiest solution would be to assume that planetesimals in systems with bright debris discs were "born small", with sizes in the kilometre range, especially at large distances from the stars. This conclusion would necessitate revisions to the existing planetesimal formation models, and may have a range of implications for planet formation. We also discuss potential tests to constrain the largest planetesimal sizes and debris disc masses.
description: This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in MNRAS following peer review; 20 pages, 11 figures. The version of record is available online at https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2385
Referencing Sources of Molecular Spectroscopic Data in the Era of Data Science: Application to the HITRAN and AMBDAS Databases
Creators: name: Skinner, Frances M.
name: Gordon, Iouli E.
name: Hill, Christian
name: Hargreaves, Robert J.
name: Lockhart, Kelly E.
name: Rothman, Laurence S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The application described has been designed to create bibliographic entries in large databases with diverse sources automatically, which reduces both the frequency of mistakes and the workload for the administrators. This new system uniquely identifies each reference from its digital object identifier (DOI) and retrieves the corresponding bibliographic information from any of several online services, including the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data Systems (ADS) and CrossRef APIs. Once parsed into a relational database, the software is able to produce bibliographies in any of several formats, including HTML and BibTeX, for use on websites or printed articles. The application is provided free-of-charge for general use by any scientific database. The power of this application is demonstrated when used to populate reference data for the HITRAN and AMBDAS databases as test cases. HITRAN contains data that is provided by researchers and collaborators throughout the spectroscopic community. These contributors are accredited for their contributions through the bibliography produced alongside the data returned by an online search in HITRAN. Prior to the work presented here, HITRAN and AMBDAS created these bibliographies manually, which is a tedious, time-consuming and error-prone process. The complete code for the new referencing system can be found at \url{https://github.com/hitranonline/refs}.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, already published online at https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms8020016
Berezin Quantization of Gauged WZW and Coset Models
Creators: name: Carrillo-Ibarra, I.
name: Garcia-Compean, H.
name: Herrera-Suarez, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gauged WZW and coset models are known to be useful to prove holomorphic factorization of the partition function of WZW and coset models. In this note we show that these gauged models can be also important to quantize the theory in the context of the Berezin formalism. For gauged coset models Berezin quantization procedure also admits a further holomorphic factorization in the complex structure of the moduli space.
description: 15+1 pages, no figures, revtex
Developing an institutional model for the extension and adoption of environmental Best management Practices by pastoral farmers in New Zealand
Creators: name: Journeaux, Phil
name: Journeaux, Phil
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Community/Rural/Urban Development
Environmental Economics and Policy
Farm Management

description: The practice of extension of environmental Best Management Practices (BMPs) involves the integration of a range of complex issues. Currently the practice of this in New Zealand is somewhat piece-meal, ad-hoc, and not well coordinated amongst the organisations involved. There is also a strong rationale for Government involvement. This paper discusses these issues and proposes a way forward.
A Nonperturbative Eliasson's Reducibility Theorem
Creators: name: Puig, Joaquim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 47B39

description: This paper is concerned with discrete, one-dimensional Schrödinger operators with real analytic potentials and one Diophantine frequency. Using localization and duality we show that almost every point in the spectrum admits a quasi-periodic Bloch wave if the potential is smaller than a certain constant which does not depend on the precise Diophantine conditions. The associated first-order system, a quasi-periodic skew-product, is shown to be reducible for almost all values of the energy. This is a partial nonperturbative generalization of a reducibility theorem by Eliasson. We also extend nonperturbatively the genericity of Cantor spectrum for these Schrödinger operators. Finally we prove that in our setting, Cantor spectrum implies the existence of a $G_δ$-set of energies whose Schrödinger cocycle is not reducible to constant coefficients.
Substrate concentration dependence of the diffusion-controlled steady-state rate constant
Creators: name: Dzubiella, J.
name: McCammon, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Smoluchowski approach to diffusion-controlled reactions is generalized to interacting substrate particles by including the osmotic pressure and hydrodynamic interactions of the nonideal particles in the Smoluchoswki equation within a local-density approximation. By solving the strictly linearized equation for the time-independent case with absorbing boundary conditions, we present an analytic expression for the diffusion-limited steady-state rate constant for small substrate concentrations in terms of an effective second virial coefficient B_2*. Comparisons to Brownian dynamics simulations excluding HI show excellent agreement up to bulk number densities of B_2* rho_0 < 0.4 for hard sphere and repulsive Yukawa-like interactions between the substrates. Our study provides an alternative way to determine the second virial coefficient of interacting macromolecules experimentally by measuring their steady-state rate constant in diffusion-controlled reactions at low densities.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Measuring the Consistency of Phytosanitary Measures
Creators: name: Bigsby, Hugh R.
name: Bigsby, Hugh R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Iso-Risk
subject: phytosanitary risk assessment
subject: pest risk assessment

description: The paper presents a model for quantifying quarantine-related phytosanitary measures by combining the two basic components of pest risk assessment, probability of establishment and economic effects, into a single management framework, Iso-Risk. The model provides a systematic and objective basis for defining and measuring acceptable risk and for justifying quarantine actions relative to acceptable risk. This can then be used to measure consistency of phytosanitary measures. The Iso-Risk framework is applied using a database of USDA phytosanitary risk assessments. The results show that the USDA risk assessment system produces assessments that are not consistent across a range of intermediate values for consequence or likelihood of occurrence.
High-fidelity controlled-Z gate with maximal intermediate leakage operating at the speed limit in a superconducting quantum processor
Creators: name: Negîrneac, V.
name: Ali, H.
name: Muthusubramanian, N.
name: Battistel, F.
name: Sagastizabal, R.
name: Moreira, M. S.
name: Marques, J. F.
name: Vlothuizen, W.
name: Beekman, M.
name: Haider, N.
name: Bruno, A.
name: DiCarlo, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the sudden variant (SNZ) of the Net Zero scheme realizing controlled-$Z$ (CZ) gates by baseband flux control of transmon frequency. SNZ CZ gates operate at the speed limit of transverse coupling between computational and non-computational states by maximizing intermediate leakage. The key advantage of SNZ is tuneup simplicity, owing to the regular structure of conditional phase and leakage as a function of two control parameters. We realize SNZ CZ gates in a multi-transmon processor, achieving $99.93\pm0.24\%$ fidelity and $0.10\pm0.02\%$ leakage. SNZ is compatible with scalable schemes for quantum error correction and adaptable to generalized conditional-phase gates useful in intermediate-scale applications.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures and 3 tables
Competition and interplay between topology and quasi-periodic disorder in Thouless pumping of ultracold atoms
Creators: name: Nakajima, Shuta
name: Takei, Nobuyuki
name: Sakuma, Keita
name: Kuno, Yoshihito
name: Marra, Pasquale
name: Takahashi, Yoshiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Robustness against perturbations lies at the heart of topological phenomena. If, however, a perturbation such as disorder becomes dominant, it may cause a topological phase transition between topologically non-trivial and trivial phases. Here we experimentally reveal the competition and interplay between topology and quasi-periodic disorder in a Thouless pump realized with ultracold atoms in an optical lattice, by creating a quasi-periodic potential from weak to strong regimes in a controllable manner. We demonstrate a disorder-induced pumping in which the presence of quasi-periodic disorder can induce a non-trivial pump for a specific pumping sequence, while no pump is observed in the clean limit. Our highly controllable system, which can also straightforwardly incorporate interatomic interaction, could be a unique platform for studying various disorder-related novel effects in a wide range of topological quantum phenomena.
description: 9 + 9 pages, 5 + 9 figures
Cluster-based information retrieval modeling
Creators: name: Sze, Richard
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Cluster-based information retrieval, an extension of information retrieval strategy, is based on the assumption that a document collection can be organized into a set of topics so that a user can enhance retrieval effectiveness. The cluster-based IR model assumes that queries can be associated with clusters that contain high concentrations of relevant documents, and that such association can lead to gains in retrieval effectiveness. Earlier studies, however, have provided negative to mixed results for the performance of the model. Moreover, studies are lacking which investigate the potential of the model in situations where queries are manually associated with the appropriate clusters. The goal of this thesis is to provide evidence for the validity of the cluster-base IR model's effectiveness through conducting extensive empirical studies which explore alternative schemes of the model on a large scale and according to a well-accepted benchmark. Investigation shows that the cluster-based IR model has the potential to enhance retrieval effectiveness, and yet, alternative techniques fail to actually achieve enhanced effectiveness.
Comparative Analysis of Power System Model Reduction
Creators: name: Khatibi, Mohammad
name: Rahmani, Fatemeh
name: Agarwal, Tanushree
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents the modal truncation and singular value decomposition (SVD) technique as two main algorithms for dynamic model reduction of the power system. The significance and accuracy of the proposed methods are investigated with their detailed formulation derived for a constrained linear system. The full linearized model of the original nonlinear system is determined and used as the input of the dynamic reduction technique. Therefore, the variables of a synchronous machine in a multi-machine system is studied and replaced with a much simpler dynamic model. This equivalent dynamic model should behave similarly to what is observed from the system under study. The capability of each technique in keeping dominant oscillation modes after dynamic reduction is utilized as the comparison criteria. The reduction techniques are simulated over the dynamic 39-bus New England test system for validation.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures