cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Chiral Limit of Staggered Fermions at Strong Couplings: A Loop Representation
Creators: name: Chandrasekharan, Shailesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The partition function of two dimensional massless staggered fermions interacting with U(N) gauge fields is rewritten in terms of loop variables in the strong coupling limit. We use this representation of the theory to devise a non-local Metropolis algorithm to calculate the chiral susceptibility. For small lattices our algorithm reproduces exact results quite accurately. Applying this algorithm to large volumes yields rather surprising results. In particular we find $m_π\neq 0$ for all $N$ and it increases with $N$. Since the talk was presented we have found reasons to believe that our algorithm breaks down for large volumes questioning the validity of our results.
description: Lattice 2002(theoretical) 3 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 1: of Determinants of the quality of care relationships in long-term careÂ - a participatory study
Creators: name: Aukelien Scheffelaar
name: Hendriks, Michelle
name: Bos, Nanne
name: Luijkx, Katrien
name: Dulmen, Sandra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Topic list interview (DOCX 15 kb)
Knock, Knock. Who's There? On the Security of LG's Knock Codes
Creators: name: Samuel, Raina
name: Markert, Philipp
name: Aviv, Adam J.
name: Neamtiu, Iulian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Knock Codes are a knowledge-based unlock authentication scheme used on LG smartphones where a user enters a code by tapping or "knocking" a sequence on a 2x2 grid. While a lesser used authentication method, as compared to PINs or Android patterns, there is likely a large number of Knock Code users; we estimate, 700,000--2,500,000 in the US alone. In this paper, we studied Knock Codes security asking participants to select codes on mobile devices in three settings: a control treatment, a blocklist treatment, and a treatment with a larger, 2x3 grid. We find that Knock Codes are significantly weaker than other deployed authentication, e.g., PINs or Android patterns. In a simulated attacker setting, 2x3 grids offered no additional security, but blocklisting was more beneficial, making Knock Codes' security similar to Android patterns. Participants expressed positive perceptions of Knock Codes, but usability was challenged. SUS values were "marginal" or "ok" across treatments. Based on these findings, we recommend deploying blacklists for selecting a Knock Code because it improves security but has limited impact on usability perceptions.
Rheo-acoustic gels: Tuning mechanical and flow properties of colloidal gels with ultrasonic vibrations
Creators: name: Gibaud, Thomas
name: Dagès, Noémie
name: Lidon, Pierre
name: Jung, Guillaume
name: Ahouré, L. Christian
name: Sztucki, Michael
name: Poulesquen, Arnaud
name: Hengl, Nicolas
name: Pignon, Frédéric
name: Manneville, Sébastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Colloidal gels, where nanoscale particles aggregate into an elastic yet fragile network, are at the heart of materials that combine specific optical, electrical and mechanical properties. Tailoring the viscoelastic features of colloidal gels in real-time thanks to an external stimulus currently appears as a major challenge in the design of "smart" soft materials. Here we introduce "rheo-acoustic" gels, a class of materials that are sensitive to ultrasonic vibrations. By using a combination of rheological and structural characterization, we evidence and quantify a strong softening in three widely different colloidal gels submitted to ultrasonic vibrations (with submicron amplitude and frequency 20-500 kHz). This softening is attributed to micron-sized cracks within the gel network that may or may not fully heal once vibrations are turned off depending on the acoustic intensity. Ultrasonic vibrations are further shown to dramatically decrease the gel yield stress and accelerate shear-induced fluidization. Ultrasound-assisted fluidization dynamics appear to be governed by an effective temperature that depends on the acoustic intensity. Our work opens the way to a full control of elastic and flow properties by ultrasonic vibrations as well as to future theoretical and numerical modeling of such rheo-acoustic gels.
description: 21 pages, 14 figures
MOESM1 of Extracellular vesicles carry cellulases in the industrial fungus Trichoderma reesei
Creators: name: Paula, Renato De
name: Antoniêto, Amanda
name: Nogueira, Karoline
name: Ribeiro, Liliane
name: Rocha, Marina
name: Malavazi, Iran
name: Almeida, Fausto
name: Silva, Roberto
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Characterization of Trichoderma reesei EVs. Mean size distribution by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) of purified T. reesei EVs from the cellulose-supernatant culture at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. These results are based on three replicates of three independent experiments. Fig. S2. Bioanalyzer profile of the RNA content of EVs from the T. reesei fungus grown at 24, 72, 96 and 120 h in the presence of cellulose. Fig. S3. Characterization of Trichoderma reesei EVs. Mean size distribution by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) of purified T. reesei EVs from glycerol (a), glucose (b), and both conditions (c) at 24 h. These results are based on three replicates of three independent experiments. Fig. S4 TEM analyses of vesicles in Trichoderma reesei mycelium cells. The occurrence of vesicles in association with the cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall is evident after growth for 24 h in the presence of glucose and glycerol. Black arrows indicate the CW (cell wall) and CM (cell membrane). Red arrows indicate the T. reesei vesicles. Bars, 500 nm and 200 nm. Fig. S5 Cellulolytic activities from purified T. reesei EVs after growth in the presence of cellulose, glycerol and glucose. (a) Filter paper activity (FPase) and (b) β-glucosidase activity from purified T. reesei EVs grown at 24 h in the presence of respective carbon source. **** = Significantly different (P<0.001). These results are based on three replicates of three independent experiments and are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
Coordinating Planners' Perceptions of Neighborhood in Deindustrialized Detroit
Creators: Hackett, Caitlin E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: City planning
Communication of technical information
Figurative art
Architecture and society

description: Throughout the twentieth century, the methods employed by planners have moved from that of a rational and systematic model to a new communicative action model; thus a move from focusing on "analysis" and processed knowledge to that of interactive and local knowledge. While the moved from a distanced to a more interactive approach became necessary in order "to best serve the public interest," the current focus on local knowledge continues to overlook other representational forms such as photography, film and personal experience. This thesis seeks to answer the question: what forms of representation do local planners use to portray neighborhood change and how do they negotiate among them? I am interested in the difference, if any, between how a local planner understands a neighborhood and then how they present that neighborhood in a professional document/report, and how can we best negotiate between the differences between the forms of representations. Using interviews and a filmed site visit, I explored how select city planners in Detroit came to understand city neighborhoods, beyond the simple numerical analysis provided in typical, government issued planning reports.
Center Symmetry and Abelian Projection at Finite Temperature
Creators: name: Ogilvie, Michael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At finite temperature, there is an apparent conflict between Abelian projection and critical universality. For example, should the deconfinement transition of an SU(2) gauge theory projected to U(1) lie in the Z(2) universality class of the parent SU(2) theory or in the U(1) universality class? I prove that the projected theory lies in the universality class of the parent gauge theory. The mechanism is shown to be non-local terms in the projected effective action involving Polyakov loops. I connect this to the recent work by Dunne et al. on the deconfinement transition in the 2+1 dimensional Georgi-Glashow model.
description: 3 pages, no figures, Lattice 2002 conference contribution, Lattice2002(topology)
Stiefel-Whitney Currents
Creators: name: Harvey, Reese
name: Zweck, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A canonically defined mod 2 linear dependency current is associated to each collection of m sections of a real rank n vector bundle. This current is supported on the linear dependency set of the collection of sections. It is defined whenever the collection satisfies a weak measure theoretic condition called "atomicity". Essentially any reasonable collection of sections satisfies this condition, vastly extending the usual general position hypothesis. This current is a mod 2, closed, locally integrally flat current of degree q= n-m+1 and hence determines a mod 2 cohomology class. This class is shown to be well defined independent of the collection of sections. Moreover it is the q-th Stielfel-Whitney class of the vector bundle. More is true if q is odd or q=n. In this case a linear dependency current which is twisted by the orientation of the bundle can be associated to the collection. The cohomology class of the linear dependency current is 2-torsion and is the q-th twisted integral Stiefel-Whitney class of the bundle. In addition, higher dependency and general degeneracy currents of bundle maps are studied, together with applications to singularities of projections and maps. These results rely on a theorem of Federer which states that the complex of integrally flat currents mod p computes cohomology mod p. An alternate approach to Federer's theorem is offered in an appendix. This approach is simpler and is via sheaf theory.
description: 39 pages, amstex file, to appear in The Journal of Geometric Analysis
Video Self-Stitching Graph Network for Temporal Action Localization
Creators: name: Zhao, Chen
name: Thabet, Ali
name: Ghanem, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Temporal action localization (TAL) in videos is a challenging task, especially due to the large variation in action temporal scales. Short actions usually occupy a major proportion in the datasets, but tend to have the lowest performance. In this paper, we confront the challenge of short actions and propose a multi-level cross-scale solution dubbed as video self-stitching graph network (VSGN). We have two key components in VSGN: video self-stitching (VSS) and cross-scale graph pyramid network (xGPN). In VSS, we focus on a short period of a video and magnify it along the temporal dimension to obtain a larger scale. We stitch the original clip and its magnified counterpart in one input sequence to take advantage of the complementary properties of both scales. The xGPN component further exploits the cross-scale correlations by a pyramid of cross-scale graph networks, each containing a hybrid module to aggregate features from across scales as well as within the same scale. Our VSGN not only enhances the feature representations, but also generates more positive anchors for short actions and more short training samples. Experiments demonstrate that VSGN obviously improves the localization performance of short actions as well as achieving the state-of-the-art overall performance on THUMOS-14 and ActivityNet-v1.3.
First-principles study of UO$_2$ lattice thermal-conductivity: A simple description
Creators: name: Sheykhi, Samira
name: Payami, Mahmoud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modeling the high-$T$ paramagnetic state of bulk UO$_2$ by a non-spin-polarized calculation and neglecting the Hubbard-U correction for the $f$ electrons in U atoms, the lattice thermal conductivity of bulk UO$_2$ is investigated by the exact solution of the Boltzmann transport equation for the steady-state phonon distribution function. The results show that TA branches corresponding to U-atoms vibrations have the largest lifetimes and therefore have dominant role in thermal conductivity, while the optical branches corresponding mainly to O-atoms vibrations have the shortest lifetimes. Using this simple model, our results for the thermal conductivity show a very good agreement with the experiments. The calculations are repeated for bulk UO$_2$ with different U-235 concentrations of 3\%, 5\%, 7\%, and 20\%, and the results show a small decrease of thermal conductivity which arise from scattering of phonons by impurities.
description: RevTeX, 8 pages, 10 pdf figures
Symbolic calculus on the time-frequency half-plane
Creators: name: Bertrand, J.
name: Bertrand, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study concerns a special symbolic calculus of interest for signal analysis. This calculus associates functions on the time-frequency half-plane f>0 with linear operators defined on the positive-frequency signals. Full attention is given to its construction which is entirely based on the study of the affine group in a simple and direct way. The correspondence rule is detailed and the associated Wigner function is given. Formulas expressing the basic operation (star-bracket) of the Lie algebra of symbols, which is isomorphic to that of the operators, are obtained. In addition, it is shown that the resulting calculus is covariant under a three-parameter group which contains the affine group as subgroup. This observation is the starting point of an investigation leading to a whole class of symbolic calculi which can be considered as modifications of the original one.
description: 25 pages, Latex, minor changes and more references; to be published in the "Journal of Mathematical Physics" (special issue on "Wavelet and Time-Frequency Analysis")
Additional file 2: of Experimental infection of Korean native goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) with bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b
Creators: name: Jae-Ku Oem
name: Du-Gyeong Han
name: Kyoung-Seong Choi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S2. BVDV isolates used in the phylogenetic tree based on the Npro region. (DOCX 18 kb)
A Phenomenological Treatment of Chiral Symmetry Restoration and Deconfinement
Creators: name: Meisinger, Peter N.
name: Miller, Travis R.
name: Ogilvie, Michael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A phenomenological expression for the thermodynamic potential of gluons and quarks is constructed which incorporates the features of deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration known from lattice simulations. The thermodynamic potential is a function of the Polyakov loop and chiral condensate expectation values. The gluonic sector uses a successful model for pure (SU(N_c)) gauge theories in which the Polyakov loop eigenvalues are the fundamental order parameters for deconfinement. The quark sector is given by a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model in which a constant background (A_0) field couples the chiral condensate to the Polyakov loop. We consider the case of (N_f = 2) in detail. For two massless quarks, we find a second order chiral phase transition. Confinement effects push the transition to higher temperatures, but the entropy associated with the gluonic sector acts in the opposite direction. For light mass quarks, only a rapid crossover occurs. For sufficiently heavy quarks, a first order deconfinement transition emerges. This simplest model has one adjustable parameter, which can be set from the chiral transition temperature for light quarks. It predicts all thermodynamic quantities as well as the behavior of the chiral condensate and the Polyakov loop over a wide range of temperatures.
description: 3 pages, 4 eps figures, Lattice 2002 conference contribution, Lattice2002(nonzerot)
MOESM1 of Twelve-year follow-up study after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis
Creators: name: Calus, Lien
name: Bruaene, Nicholas
name: Bosteels, Cedric
name: Dejonckheere, Sarah
name: Zele, Thibaut
name: Holtappels, Gabrielle
name: Bachert, Claus
name: Gevaert, Philippe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Additional information about surgical information, outcome measures, collection of tissue, serum, nasal secretion and statistics.
Deformation theory of nearly $\mathrm{G}_2$ manifolds
Creators: name: Dwivedi, Shubham
name: Singhal, Ragini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C15, 53C25, 53C29

description: We study the deformation theory of nearly $\mathrm{G}_2$ manifolds. These are seven dimensional manifolds admitting real Killing spinors. We show that the infinitesimal deformations of nearly $\mathrm{G}_2$ structures are obstructed in general. Explicitly, we prove that the infinitesimal deformations of the homogeneous nearly $\mathrm{G}_2$ structure on the Aloff--Wallach space are all obstructed to second order. We also completely describe the cohomology of nearly $\mathrm{G}_2$ manifolds.
description: v2-changes following the referee's reports. Streamlined Sec. 2 and 3 for better exposition. Corrected the typo in the identification of the kernel of the modified Dirac operator in Sec. 3. Added various remarks throughout the paper for clarity and added more details to the calculations in Sec. 5 on Aloff--Wallach spaces. Updated references and corrected various typos. 31 pages
Additional file 1 of Geo–economic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management and outcome of patients receiving intraoperative ventilation during general anesthesia– posthoc analysis of an observational study in 29 countries
Creators: name: Hol, Liselotte
name: Nijbroek, Sunny G. L. H.
name: Neto, Ary Serpa
name: Hemmes, Sabrine N. T.
name: Hedenstierna, Goran
name: Hiesmayr, Michael
name: Hollmann, Markus W.
name: Mills, Gary H.
name: Vidal Melo, Marcos F.
name: Putensen, Christian
name: Schmid, Werner
name: Severgnini, Paolo
name: Wrigge, Hermann
name: de Abreu, Marcelo Gama
name: Pelosi, Paolo
name: Schultz, Marcus J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1. Full list of LAS VEGAS collaborators. A list of all LAS VEGAS researchers and their affiliations.
An algebraic proof on the finiteness of Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theory in D=3
Creators: name: Del Cima, O. M.
name: Franco, D. H. T.
name: Helayel-Neto, J. A.
name: Piguet, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T13, 81T15, 81T17, 81T20

description: A rigorous algebraic proof of the full finiteness in all orders of perturbation theory is given for the Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theory in a general three-dimensional Riemannian manifold. We show the validity of a trace identity, playing the role of a local form of the Callan-Symanzik equation, in all loop orders, which yields the vanishing of the beta-functions associated to the topological mass and gauge coupling constant as well as the anomalous dimensions of the fields.
description: 5 pages, revtex
A Model-based Chatbot Generation Approach to Converse with Open Data Sources
Creators: name: Ed-douibi, Hamza
name: Izquierdo, Javier Luis Cánovas
name: Daniel, Gwendal
name: Cabot, Jordi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Open Data movement promotes the free distribution of data. More and more companies and governmental organizations are making their data available online following the Open Data philosophy, resulting in a growing market of technologies and services to help publish and consume data. One of the emergent ways to publish such data is via Web APIs, which offer a powerful means to reuse this data and integrate it with other services. Socrata, CKAN or OData are examples of popular specifications for publishing data via Web APIs.
 Nevertheless, querying and integrating these Web APIs is time-consuming and requires technical skills that limit the benefits of Open Data movement for the regular citizen. In other contexts, chatbot applications are being increasingly adopted as a direct communication channel between companies and end-users. We believe the same could be true for Open Data as a way to bridge the gap between citizens and Open Data sources. This paper describes an approach to automatically derive full-fledged chatbots from API-based Open Data sources. Our process relies on a model-based intermediate representation (via UML class diagrams and profiles) to facilitate the customization of the chatbot to be generated.
The diffusion of new environmental policy instruments
Creators: name: Tews, Kerstin
name: Busch, Per-Olof
name: Jörgens, Helge
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: New Environmental Policy Instruments (NEPIs) are increasingly discussed and adopted across countries. From a global perspective a rapid diffusion of these market based, voluntary or informational instruments can be observed. In our article – which is mainly explor-ative in nature – we argue that the adoption of NEPIs by national policy makers should not merely be interpreted as a reaction to newly emerging environmental problems or to real or per-ceived deficits of traditional (command and control) regulation in coping with those problems. To an important degree the use of NEPIs can be ascribed to the inner dynamics of international processes of policy transfer or policy diffusion, which make it increasingly difficult for national policy-makers to ignore new approaches in environmental policy that have already been put into practice in forerunner countries. In a first step, the article outlines the concept of policy diffusion. In a second step, we will de-scribe the trans-national spread of four different NEPIs (Eco-labels, Energy/Carbon Taxes, Na-tional Environmental Policy Plans/Strategies for Sustainable Development and Free- Access-of-Information (FAI) provisions) by showing the respective pattern of spread in empirically based curves. In a third step, the article analyses the underlying mechanisms of policy diffusion. We will argue that in addition to the national demand for adequate environmental policy instruments the spread of policy innovations is influenced by the presence or absence of international plat-forms or promoting agencies, which have placed the advancement of certain NEPIs on their agenda; and by the specific characteristics of the policy innovation itself. Finally, we will draw some preliminary conclusions about the motivations of policy makers to adopt or to reject new environmental policy instruments. We argue that the utilization of a softer and more flexible approach cannot exclusively be explained by the decision makers’ considera-tions of improving the efficiency of environmental policy making. Additionally, considerations of generating legitimacy affect the policy makers’ decisions.
Drosophila FoxP Mutants Are Deficient in Operant Self-Learning
Creators: name: Mendoza, Ezequiel
name: Colomb, Julien
name: Rybak, Jürgen
name: Pflüger, Hans-Joachim
name: Zars, Troy
name: Scharff, Constance
name: Brembs, Björn
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::590 Tiere (Zoologie)::591 Einzelne Themen in der Naturgeschichte
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::576 Genetik und Evolution

description: Intact function of the Forkhead Box P2 (FOXP2) gene is necessary for normal development of speech and language. This important role has recently been extended, first to other forms of vocal learning in animals and then also to other forms of motor learning. The homology in structure and in function among the FoxP gene members raises the possibility that the ancestral FoxP gene may have evolved as a crucial component of the neural circuitry mediating motor learning. Here we report that genetic manipulations of the single Drosophila orthologue, dFoxP, disrupt operant self-learning, a form of motor learning sharing several conceptually analogous features with language acquisition. Structural alterations of the dFoxP locus uncovered the role of dFoxP in operant self-learning and habit formation, as well as the dispensability of dFoxP for operant world-learning, in which no motor learning occurs. These manipulations also led to subtle alterations in the brain anatomy, including a reduced volume of the optic glomeruli. RNAi-mediated interference with dFoxP expression levels copied the behavioral phenotype of the mutant flies, even in the absence of mRNA degradation. Our results provide evidence that motor learning and language acquisition share a common ancestral trait still present in extant invertebrates, manifest in operant self-learning. This ‘deep’ homology probably traces back to before the split between vertebrate and invertebrate animals.
Additional file 1: of Experimental infection of Korean native goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) with bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b
Creators: name: Jae-Ku Oem
name: Du-Gyeong Han
name: Kyoung-Seong Choi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Table S1. BVDV isolates used in the phylogenetic tree based on the 5â ˛-UTR. (DOCX 17 kb)
Good rotations
Creators: name: Henon, M.
name: Petit, J-M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65G05 (Primary) 70F15 (Secondary)

description: Numerical integrations in celestial mechanics often involve the repeated computation of a rotation with a constant angle. A direct evaluation of these rotations yields a linear drift of the distance to the origin. This is due to roundoff in the representation of the sine s and cosine c of the angle theta. In a computer, one generally gets c^2 + s^2 <> 1, resulting in a mapping that is slightly contracting or expanding. In the present paper we present a method to find pairs of representable real numbers s and c such that c^2 + s^2 is as close to 1 as possible. We show that this results in a drastic decrease of the systematic error, making it negligible compared to the random error of other operations. We also verify that this approach gives good results in a realistic celestial mechanics integration.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures
Broadcasted Nonparametric Tensor Regression
Creators: name: Zhou, Ya
name: Wong, Raymond K. W.
name: He, Kejun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a novel use of a broadcasting operation, which distributes univariate functions to all entries of the tensor covariate, to model the nonlinearity in tensor regression nonparametrically. A penalized estimation and the corresponding algorithm are proposed. Our theoretical investigation, which allows the dimensions of the tensor covariate to diverge, indicates that the proposed estimation yields a desirable convergence rate. We also provide a minimax lower bound, which characterizes the optimality of the proposed estimator for a wide range of scenarios. Numerical experiments are conducted to confirm the theoretical findings, and they show that the proposed model has advantages over its existing linear counterparts.
Coping with Unemployed Poverty: A Qualitative Study
Creators: Chambers, Debbie Ann S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Counseling psychology

description: A century of psychological research exists on the impact of unemployment on individuals. However, missing from the literature is a consideration of the social context of unemployed persons and the ways in which persons cope with their unemployment. This study sought to examine the experiences of unemployed persons in poverty, poverty being a social context frequently ignored in psychological literature. In addition, the study aimed to explore the psychological impact of these experiences, the strategies used by the poor to cope, and the appraised effectiveness of coping strategies. Participants were 21 unemployed adults living in poverty. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) methodology. Fifteen domains emerged from the CQR analysis to show that unemployed poverty is an experience of widespread disruption to daily, social, and family life. Financial hardship and social isolation were commonplace and financial hardship was expressed to be the most stressful of experiences. Participants associated a range of emotions with their unemployment including sadness, hopelessness, anger, and a sense of low self-regard. However, a variety of emotion-focused, problem-focused, and religious coping strategies were utilized to cope. Religious coping and reliance on community resources that were empowering were reported to be the most effective coping strategies. Secondary analysis was conducted by examining the frequencies of categories by gender. Women more frequently reported financial hardship and were more socially isolated than men. Additionally, women more frequently reported sadness and hopelessness. The results are discussed with consideration to socio-political context of poverty and recommendations made for clinical practice and future research.
Are all the frames equally important?
Creators: name: Sidorov, Oleksii
name: Pedersen, Marius
name: Kim, Nam Wook
name: Shekhar, Sumit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this work, we address the problem of measuring and predicting temporal video saliency - a metric which defines the importance of a video frame for human attention. Unlike the conventional spatial saliency which defines the location of the salient regions within a frame (as it is done for still images), temporal saliency considers importance of a frame as a whole and may not exist apart from context. The proposed interface is an interactive cursor-based algorithm for collecting experimental data about temporal saliency. We collect the first human responses and perform their analysis. As a result, we show that qualitatively, the produced scores have very explicit meaning of the semantic changes in a frame, while quantitatively being highly correlated between all the observers. Apart from that, we show that the proposed tool can simultaneously collect fixations similar to the ones produced by eye-tracker in a more affordable way. Further, this approach may be used for creation of first temporal saliency datasets which will allow training computational predictive algorithms. The proposed interface does not rely on any special equipment, which allows to run it remotely and cover a wide audience.
description: CHI'20 Late Breaking Works
Additional file 1: of Surveillance of drug resistance tuberculosis based on reference laboratory data in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Getu Diriba
name: Abebaw Kebede
name: Habteyes Tola
name: Ayinalem Alemu
name: Mengistu Tadesse
name: Epherem Tesfaye
name: Zemedu Mehamed
name: Abiyot Meaza
name: Bazezew Yenew
name: Hilina Molalign
name: Biniyam Dagne
name: Waganeh Sinshaw
name: Misikir Amare
name: Shewki Moga
name: Yeshiwork Abebaw
name: Getachew Sied
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Multilingual abstracts in the five official working languages of the United Nations. (PDF 813 kb)
Time to revisit the endpoint dilution assay and to replace TCID$_{50}$ and PFU as measures of a virus sample's infection concentration
Creators: name: Cresta, Daniel
name: Warren, Donald C.
name: Quirouette, Christian
name: Smith, Amanda P.
name: Lane, Lindey C.
name: Smith, Amber M.
name: Beauchemin, Catherine A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: J.3; G.1.10; G.3
subject: 62P10, 62-04

description: The infectivity of a virus sample is measured by the infections it causes, via a plaque or focus forming assay (PFU or FFU) or an endpoint dilution (ED) assay (TCID$_{50}$, CCID$_{50}$, EID$_{50}$, etc., hereafter collectively ID$_{50}$). The counting of plaques or foci at a given dilution intuitively and directly provides the concentration of infectious doses in the undiluted sample. However, it has many technical and experimental limitations. For example, it relies on one's judgement in distinguishing between two merged plaques and a larger one, or between small plaques and staining artifacts. In this regard, ED assays are more robust because one need only determine whether infection occurred. The output of the ED assay, the 50% infectious dose (ID$_{50}$), is calculated using either the Spearman-Karber (SK, 1908,1931) or Reed-Muench (RM, 1938) mathematical approximations. However, these are often miscalculated and their ID$_{50}$ approximation is biased. We propose that the PFU and FFU assays be abandoned, and that the measured output of the ED assay, the ID$_{50}$, be replaced by a more useful measure we coined Specific INfections (SIN). We introduce a free, open-source web-application, midSIN, that computes the SIN concentration in a virus sample from a standard ED assay, requiring no changes to current experimental protocols. We demonstrate that the SIN/mL of a sample reliably corresponds to the number of infections the sample will cause per unit volume, and directly relates to the multiplicity of infection. midSIN estimates are shown to be more accurate and robust than those using the RM and SK approximations. The impact of ED plate design choices (dilution factor, replicates per dilution) on measurement accuracy is also explored. The simplicity of SIN as a measure and the greater accuracy of midSIN make them an easy, superior replacement for the PFU, FFU, and ID$_{50}$ measures.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures
Implementation of a Hybrid Classical-Quantum Annealing Algorithm for Logistic Network Design
Creators: name: Ding, Yongcheng
name: Chen, Xi
name: Lamata, Lucas
name: Solano, Enrique
name: Sanz, Mikel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The logistic network design is an abstract optimization problem that, under the assumption of minimal cost, seeks the optimal configuration of the supply chain's infrastructures and facilities based on customer demand. Key economic decisions are taken about the location, number, and size of manufacturing facilities and warehouses based on the optimal solution. Therefore, improvements in the methods to address this question, which is known to be in the NP-hard complexity class, would have relevant financial consequences. Here, we implement in the D-Wave quantum annealer a hybrid classical-quantum annealing algorithm. The cost function with constraints is translated to a spin Hamiltonian, whose ground state encodes the searched result. As a benchmark, we measure the accuracy of results for a set of paradigmatic problems against the optimal published solutions (the error is on average below $1\%$), and the performance is compared against the classical algorithm, showing a remarkable reduction in the number of iterations. This work shows that state-of-the-art quantum annealers may codify and solve relevant supply-chain problems even still far from useful quantum supremacy.
description: 9 pages and 2 figures
Corporate Governance or Corporate Governments? Voluntary Firm Practices on Paths to Regulation
Creators: Bogusz, Dennis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Recent economic turmoil has ignited fresh debate on regulation of economic activity.   Global markets are rife with asymmetries in both informal and formal rules, but previous research has not provided accounts of regulation that bridge these asymmetries.  This dissertation redresses that deficiency by analyzing the conditions that explain a regulatory paradox: how voluntary firm practice contributes to formal regulation. Regulation is considered having legal, political, and economic characteristics, but it is also an inherently social process.  The recommendation, adoption, and spread of both firm practices and regulations entail a reflexive and dynamic relationship between organizations and their environments. The locus of inquiry is corporate governance practices since the 1990s in ten countries with advanced capital markets.  Regulatory change in these countries is indeed partially rooted in the prevalence of voluntary disclosures prior to regulation in over 1500 listed companies, in conjunction with additional key factors.  These conditions include other firm behavior, namely corporate governance scandals and cross-listings in a network of global stock exchanges.  Historical capital market development and the political makeup of legislatures in their home countries of incorporation are additional, country-level, conditions to regulation.  Further, earlier regulation in some jurisdictions directly impacts the later regulation of the same governance practices in other jurisdictions. The paths to regulation, though causal, are not uniform across cases.  Countries that are divergent in other accounts of national patterns of corporate governance actually converge along the paths to regulation I discuss.  Divergence of countries persists, however, in governance arrangements that follow alternative paths to regulation or remain unregulated entirely.  This analysis of comparative regulatory processes avoids both under-socialized accounts of individual firms and over-socialized accounts of countries.  Its main contribution is an account of how business shapes regulation through both public and private ordering, implicating theories of regulation and comparative capitalism, as well as policy.
Level-set based design of Wang tiles for modelling complex microstructures
Creators: name: Doškář, Martin
name: Zeman, Jan
name: Rypl, Daniel
name: Novák, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microstructural geometry plays a critical role in the response of heterogeneous materials. Consequently, methods for generating microstructural samples are increasingly crucial to advanced numerical analyses. We extend Sonon et al.'s unified framework, developed originally for generating particulate and foam-like microstructural geometries of Periodic Unit Cells, to non-periodic microstructural representations based on the formalism of Wang tiles. This formalism has been recently proposed in order to generalize the Periodic Unit Cell approach, enabling a fast synthesis of arbitrarily large, stochastic microstructural samples from a handful of domains with predefined compatibility constraints. However, a robust procedure capable of designing complex, three-dimensional, foam-like and cellular morphologies of Wang tiles has not yet been proposed. This contribution fills the gap by significantly broadening the applicability of the tiling concept. Since the original Sonon et al.'s framework builds on a random sequential addition of particles enhanced with an implicit representation of particle boundaries by the level-set field, we first devise an analysis based on a connectivity graph of a tile set, resolving the question where a particle should be copied when it intersects a tile boundary. Next, we introduce several modifications to the original algorithm that are necessary to ensure microstructural compatibility in the generalized periodicity setting of Wang tiles. Having established a universal procedure for generating tile morphologies, we compare strictly aperiodic and stochastic sets with the same cardinality in terms of reducing the artificial periodicity in reconstructed microstructural samples. We demonstrate the superiority of the vertex-defined tile sets for two-dimensional problems and illustrate the capabilities of the algorithm with two- and three-dimensional examples.
description: 16 pages, 16 figures. Abstract has been shortened to match the arXiv.org's limit of 1920 characters
Evolution of Fluctuation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Mohanty, Bedangadas
name: Alam, Jan-e
name: Nayak, Tapan K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the time evolution of the fluctuations in the net baryon number for different initial conditions and space time evolution scenarios. We observe that the fluctuations at the freeze-out depend crucially on the equation of state (EOS) of the system and for realistic EOS the initial fluctuation is substantially dissipated at the freeze-out stage. At SPS energies the fluctuations in net baryon number at the freeze-out stage for quark gluon plasma and hadronic initial state is close to the Poissonian noise for ideal as well as for EOS obtained by including heavier hadronic degrees of freedom. For EOS obtained from the parametrization of lattice QCD results the fluctuation is larger than Poissonian noise. It is also observed that at RHIC energies the fluctuations at the freeze-out point deviates from the Poissonian noise for ideal as well as realistic equation of state, indicating presence of dynamical fluctuations.
description: 9 pages and 6 figures (Major modifications done)
Duality and Anholonomy in Quantum Mechanics of 1D Contact Interactions
Creators: name: Tsutsui, Izumi
name: Fulop, Tamas
name: Cheon, Taksu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study systems with parity invariant contact interactions in one dimension. The model analyzed is the simplest nontrivial one --- a quantum wire with a point defect --- and yet is shown to exhibit exotic phenomena, such as strong vs weak coupling duality and spiral anholonomy in the spectral flow. The structure underlying these phenomena is SU(2), which arises as accidental symmetry for a particular class of interactions.
description: 4 pages ReVTeX with 4 epsf figures. KEK preprint 2000-3. Correction in Eq.(14)
Correlated states of a triangular net of coupled quantum wires: Implications for the phase diagram of marginally twisted bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Chen, Chuan
name: Neto, A. H. Castro
name: Pereira, Vitor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore in detail the electronic phases of a system consisting of three non-colinear arrays of coupled quantum wires, each rotated 120 degrees with respect to the next. A perturbative renormalization-group analysis reveals that multiple correlated states can be stabilized: a $s$-wave or $d \pm id$ superconductor, a charge density wave insulator, a two-dimensional Fermi liquid, and a 2D Luttinger liquid (also known as smectic metal or sliding Luttinger liquid). The model provides an effective description of electronic interactions in small-angle twisted bilayer graphene and we discuss its implications in relation to the recent observation of correlated and superconducting groundstates near commensurate densities in magic-angle twisted samples, as well as the ``strange metal'' behavior at finite temperatures as a natural outcome of the 2D Luttinger liquid phase.
Activating critical exponent spectra with a slow drive
Creators: name: Mathey, Steven
name: Diehl, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We uncover an aspect of the Kibble--Zurek phenomenology, according to which the spectrum of critical exponents of a classical or quantum phase transition is revealed, by driving the system slowly in directions parallel to the phase boundary. This result is obtained in a renormalization group formulation of the Kibble--Zurek scenario, and based on a connection between the breaking of adiabaticity and the exiting of the critical domain via new relevant directions induced by the slow drive. The mechanism does not require fine tuning, in the sense that scaling originating from irrelevant operators is observable in an extensive regime of drive parameters. Therefore, it should be observable in quantum simulators or dynamically tunable condensed-matter platforms.