cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Towards a Solution to the H0 Tension: the Price to Pay
Creators: name: de la Macorra, Axel
name: Almaraz, Erick
name: Garrido, Joanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tension between current expansion rate H$_0$ using Planck data and direct model-independent measurements in the local universe has reached a tension above 5$σ$ in the context of the $Λ$CDM model. The growing tension among early time and local measurements of H$_0$ has not ameliorated and remains a crucial and open question in cosmology. Solutions to understand this tension are possible hidden sources of systematic error in the observable measurements or modifications to the concordance $Λ$CDM model. In this work, we investigate a solution to the H$_0$ tension by modifying $Λ$CDM and we add at early times extra relativistic energy density $ρ_{ex}$. In some context this $ρ_{ex}$ corresponds to EDE or Bound Dark Energy. We implement our model in CAMB and perform a full COSMO-MC (MCMC) allowing to simultaneously fit the latest data from CMB anisotropies and the value of H$_0 = 74.03\pm 1.42,\mathrm{km\, s^{-1}Mpc^{-1}}$ from A. Riess [R-19] \ci{Riess:2019cxk}. The inclusion of $ρ_{ex}$ ameliorates the tension between early and late time measurements only slightly and we obtain a value H$_0 = (68.70\pm 0.45$\ksm) still in conflict with local measurements [R-19]. We follow up our analysis by proposing two forecasting standard deviation $σ_H=1$ and $σ_H=0.5$ (in units of \ksm) for local distance measurements H$_0 = (74.03\pm σ_H)$ \ksm. From MCMC we obtain a value of H$_0 =(72.83\pm 0.47)$ \ksm\, at 68\% confidence level for $σ_H =0.5$, fully consistent with [R-19], while the price to pay is a percentage increase of $0.12\%$ in CMB $χ_{cmb}^2$. Finally, the extra energy density $ρ_{ex}$ leaves distinctive imprints in the matter power spectrum at scales $k \sim k_c$ with $k_c=a_cH(a_c)$ and in the CMB power spectrum, allowing for independent verification of our analysis.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures
Explainable Diabetic Retinopathy Detection and Retinal Image Generation
Creators: name: Niu, Yuhao
name: Gu, Lin
name: Zhao, Yitian
name: Lu, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Though deep learning has shown successful performance in classifying the label and severity stage of certain diseases, most of them give few explanations on how to make predictions. Inspired by Koch's Postulates, the foundation in evidence-based medicine (EBM) to identify the pathogen, we propose to exploit the interpretability of deep learning application in medical diagnosis. By determining and isolating the neuron activation patterns on which diabetic retinopathy (DR) detector relies to make decisions, we demonstrate the direct relation between the isolated neuron activation and lesions for a pathological explanation. To be specific, we first define novel pathological descriptors using activated neurons of the DR detector to encode both spatial and appearance information of lesions. Then, to visualize the symptom encoded in the descriptor, we propose Patho-GAN, a new network to synthesize medically plausible retinal images. By manipulating these descriptors, we could even arbitrarily control the position, quantity, and categories of generated lesions. We also show that our synthesized images carry the symptoms directly related to diabetic retinopathy diagnosis. Our generated images are both qualitatively and quantitatively superior to the ones by previous methods. Besides, compared to existing methods that take hours to generate an image, our second level speed endows the potential to be an effective solution for data augmentation.
description: Code is available at https://github.com/zzdyyy/Patho-GAN
Robustness of particle creation in the formation of a compact object
Creators: name: Okabayashi, Kazumasa
name: Harada, Tomohiro
name: Nakao, Ken-ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hawking has predicted that the formation of a black hole by gravitational collapse causes quantum particle creation and the spectrum of the particles is almost thermal. This phenomenon is called the Hawking radiation. Recently, it has been predicted that the particle creation may drastically change from the Hawking radiation to a strong double burst if the gravitational collapse suddenly stops just before the formation of the event horizon. By contrast with the Hawking radiation, the burst may be so strong that it can be of observational interest even for collapsing objects with astrophysical mass scales. However, the burst phenomenon has been predicted through the studies of idealized models in which a spherical hollow shell begins to collapse, but stops shrinking and eventually settles down to a static "star". Therefore, one might guess that it could be particular to the hollow shell model. In this paper, we study the particle creation due to the gravitational collapse of a spherical object whose interior is filled with matter. In this model, we obtain similar results to those in the case of the hollow shell model. This implies that the double burst is a robust property of particle creation by the sudden braking of gravitational collapse.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, published version
Arturo Mazzarella, La Shoah oggi. Nel conflitto delle immagini, Milano, Bompiani, 2022, 301 pp., € 13,00
Creators: name: Episcopo, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Status Quaestionis
Year: 2024

description: Status Quaestionis, N. 26 (2024): Teoria/Theory. Perspectives on Literary Criticism and Comparative Literature
ECG-Adv-GAN: Detecting ECG Adversarial Examples with Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks
Creators: name: Hossain, Khondker Fariha
name: Kamran, Sharif Amit
name: Tavakkoli, Alireza
name: Pan, Lei
name: Ma, Xingjun
name: Rajasegarar, Sutharshan
name: Karmaker, Chandan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition requires an automated system and analysis pipeline for understanding specific rhythm irregularities. Deep neural networks have become a popular technique for tracing ECG signals, outperforming human experts. Despite this, convolutional neural networks are susceptible to adversarial examples that can misclassify ECG signals and decrease the model's precision. Moreover, they do not generalize well on the out-of-distribution dataset. The GAN architecture has been employed in recent works to synthesize adversarial ECG signals to increase existing training data. However, they use a disjointed CNN-based classification architecture to detect arrhythmia. Till now, no versatile architecture has been proposed that can detect adversarial examples and classify arrhythmia simultaneously. To alleviate this, we propose a novel Conditional Generative Adversarial Network to simultaneously generate ECG signals for different categories and detect cardiac abnormalities. Moreover, the model is conditioned on class-specific ECG signals to synthesize realistic adversarial examples. Consequently, we compare our architecture and show how it outperforms other classification models in normal/abnormal ECG signal detection by benchmarking real world and adversarial signals.
description: Accepted to ICMLA 2021
Stabilizing volume-law entangled states of fermions and qubits using local dissipation
Creators: name: Pocklington, Andrew
name: Wang, Yu-Xin
name: Yanay, Yariv
name: Clerk, Aashish A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a general method for the dissipative preparation and stabilization of volume-law entangled states of fermionic and qubit lattice systems in 1D (and higher dimensions for fermions). Our approach requires minimal resources: nearest-neighbour Hamiltonian interactions that obey a suitable chiral symmetry, and the realization of just a single, spatially-localized dissipative pairing interaction. In the case of a qubit array, the dissipative model we study is not integrable and maps to an interacting fermionic problem. Nonetheless, we analytically show the existence of a unique pure entangled steady state (a so-called rainbow state). Our ideas are compatible with a number of experimental platforms, including superconducting circuits and trapped ions.
description: Updated Fig. (S5)
Treatment influence on green coconut shells for removal of metal ions: pilot-scale fixed-bed column
Creators: name: Raulino, Giselle S. C.
name: Vidal, Carla B.
name: Lima, Ari Clecius A.
name: Melo, Diego Q.
name: Juliene T. Oliveira
name: Nascimento, Ronaldo F.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: Environmental Science

description: This work investigates copper, nickel and zinc ion biosorption in single- and multi-component systems in a fixed-bed column using green coconut shells (CS). Approximately 85% of biosorbents are in a particle size ranging from 0.25 to 2 mm. Operational parameters selected include a flow rate of 200 mL min−1 and a bed height of 100 cm, which were selected for a shorter execution time and good adsorption capacity. Empty-bed contact time and Thomas models were applied, showing a good fit with the experimental data. The column adsorption capacity increased after the green CS powder was treated in a column with NaOH at a concentration of 0.1 mol L−1. The highest values of adsorption capacities founded were 0.69, 0.45 and 0.39 mmol L−1 for Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II), respectively, using green CS treated inside a column with NaOH of 0.1 M. The pH and chemical oxygen demand were monitored in the treatment solution and indicated that the adjustment of these parameters is necessary before disposal of these solutions. A study of desorption using an acid solution was carried out for recovery of metal ions.
Stefano Ercolino e Massimo Fusillo, Empatia negativa. Il punto di vista del male, Milano, Bompiani, 2022, 408 pp., € 14,00
Creators: name: Maldonato, Daria
Publisher: name: Status Quaestionis
Year: 2024

description: Status Quaestionis, N. 26 (2024): Teoria/Theory. Perspectives on Literary Criticism and Comparative Literature
Theory of the supercurrent diode effect in Rashba superconductors with arbitrary disorder
Creators: name: Ilić, Stefan
name: Bergeret, F. Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the non-reciprocal critical current and quantify the supercurrent diode effect in Rashba superconductors with arbitrary disorder, using the quasiclassical Eilenberger equation. The non-reciprocity is caused by the helical superconducting state, which appears when both inversion and time-reversal symmetries are broken. In the absence of disorder, we find a very strong diode effect, with the non-reciprocity exceeding 40% at optimal temperatures, magnetic fields and spin-orbit coupling. We establish that the effect persists even in the presence of strong disorder. We show that the sign of the diode effect changes as magnetic field and disorder are increased, reflecting the changes in the nature of the helical state.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures. Significantly revised
Changes in the physicochemical properties and enzymatic activity of waste during bioreduction of pig carcasses
Creators: name: Gwyther, Ceri L.
name: Jones, Davey L.
name: Gertler, Christoph
name: Edwards-Jones, Gareth
name: A. Prysor Williams
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: Environmental Science

description: Bioreduction is a novel method for the on-farm storage of fallen stock in a vessel containing water that is heated and aerated, prior to disposal. The combination of a mesophilic temperature and high bacterial population leads to rapid degradation of carcasses due to microbial and enzymatic breakdown of protein material; and ultimately the reduction in volume of waste to be disposed. The system could, however, be improved if more was known about the changes that occur during a bioreduction cycle. Pig carcasses were placed within two commercial-scale bioreduction vessels (BVs) (6.5 m3 capacity) and the changes in physicochemical parameters, enzymatic activity, gas emissions and microbial communities were analysed over 56 days. Analyses showed that each vessel displayed different physicochemical parameters. The microbial communities within both vessels were also distinct, though they converged between days 28 and 42 before again diverging. Of the enzymes assayed, acetylesterases showed the highest activity during initial stages, with a subsequent increase in lipase towards the end. All other enzymes showed little activity in comparison. Despite active aeration of the vessels, conditions were redox-constrained, leading to the emission of gases associated with anaerobic conditions, namely NH3 and H2S. It was concluded that no single parameter governed the biochemical processes and that each BV will have its own unique microbial population and hence rate of decomposition. Further work is needed to increase the rate of bioreduction through bioaugmentation or developing enzyme additives.
An averaging result for periodic solutions of Carathéodory differential equations
Creators: name: Novaes, Douglas D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34C29, 34C25, 47H11, 34A36

description: This paper is concerned with the problem of existence of periodic solutions for perturbative Carathéodory differential equations. The main result provides sufficient conditions on the averaged equation that guarantee the existence of periodic solutions. Additional conditions are also provided to ensure the uniform convergence of a periodic solution to a constant function. The proof of the main theorem is mainly based on an abstract continuation result for operator equations.
Optimal cultivation of simultaneous ammonium and phosphorus removal aerobic granular sludge in A/O/A sequencing batch reactor and the assessment of functional organisms
Creators: name: Cuiya Zhang
name: Hanmin Zhang
name: Fenglin Yang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: Environmental Science

description: In this study, sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with an anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic operating mode was used to culture granular sludge. Optimal adjustment of cycle duration was achieved by the direction of pH, oxidation reduction potential and dissolved oxygen parameters. The results showed that the treating efficiency was significantly improved as the cycle was shortened from 450 to 360 min and further to 200 min. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal were nearly quantitative after 50 days operation and maintained stable to the end of the study period. The typical cycle tests revealed that simultaneous denitrification and phosphorus removal occurred when aerobic granules were gradually formed. The nitrite effect tests showed that less than 4.8 mg N/L of the nitrite could enhance superficial specific aerobic phosphate uptake rate (SAPUR) under aerobic condition, indicating that the traditional method to evaluate the capability of total phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) was inaccurate. Additionally, a high level of nitrite was detrimental to PAOs. A novel method was developed to determine the activity of each kind of PAOs and other denitrifying organisms. The results showed that (1) nitrate, besides nitrite, could also enhance SAPUR and (2) aerobic granular sludge could perform denitrification even when phosphate was not supplied under anoxic condition, suggesting that other denitrifying organisms besides denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms also contributed to denitrification.
An Operational Environment for Quantum Self-Testing
Creators: name: Christandl, Matthias
name: Houghton-Larsen, Nicholas Gauguin
name: Mancinska, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observed quantum correlations are known to determine in certain cases the underlying quantum state and measurements. This phenomenon is known as (quantum) self-testing. Self-testing constitutes a significant research area with practical and theoretical ramifications for quantum information theory. But since its conception two decades ago by Mayers and Yao, the common way to rigorously formulate self-testing has been in terms of operator-algebraic identities, and this formulation lacks an operational interpretation. In particular, it is unclear how to formulate self-testing in other physical theories, in formulations of quantum theory not referring to operator-algebra, or in scenarios causally different from the standard one. In this paper, we explain how to understand quantum self-testing operationally, in terms of causally structured dilations of the input-output channel encoding the correlations. These dilations model side-information which leaks to an environment according to a specific schedule, and we show how self-testing concerns the relative strength between such scheduled leaks of information. As such, the title of our paper has double meaning: we recast conventional quantum self-testing in terms of information-leaks to an environment -- and this realises quantum self-testing as a special case within the surroundings of a general operational framework. Our new approach to quantum self-testing not only supplies an operational understanding apt for various generalisations, but also resolves some unexplained aspects of the existing definition, naturally suggests a distance measure suitable for robust self-testing, and points towards self-testing as a modular concept in a larger, cryptographic perspective.
description: Accepted for publication in Quantum. Keywords: quantum information, quantum computation, quantum self-testing, foundations of physics, causal structure, dilations
Proximity-induced superconductivity in (Bi$_{1-x}$Sb$_x$)$_2$Te$_3$ topological-insulator nanowires
Creators: name: Bai, Mengmeng
name: Wei, Xian-Kui
name: Feng, Junya
name: Luysberg, Martina
name: Bliesener, Andrea
name: Lippertz, Gertjan
name: Uday, Anjana
name: Taskin, Alexey A.
name: Mayer, Joachim
name: Ando, Yoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a topological insulator is made into a nanowire, the interplay between topology and size quantization gives rise to peculiar one-dimensional states whose energy dispersion can be manipulated by external fields. In the presence of proximity-induced superconductivity, these 1D states offer a tunable platform for Majorana zero modes. While the existence of such peculiar 1D states has been experimentally confirmed, the realization of robust proximity-induced superconductivity in topological-insulator nanowires remains a challenge. Here, we report the realization of superconducting topological-insulator nanowires based on (Bi$_{1-x}$Sb$_x$)$_2$Te$_3$ (BST) thin films. When two rectangular pads of palladium are deposited on a BST thin film with a separation of 100--200 nm, the BST beneath the pads is converted into a superconductor, leaving a nanowire of BST in-between. We found that the interface is epitaxial and has a high electronic transparency, leading to a robust superconductivity induced in the BST nanowire. Due to its suitable geometry for gate-tuning, this platform is promising for future studies of Majorana zero modes.
description: 33 pages total; 22 pages of main text with 4 figures, 11 pages of supplementary information with 8 figures. This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review, but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections
Deep Learning Inference on Commodity Network Interface Cards
Creators: name: Siracusano, Giuseppe
name: Sanvito, Davide
name: Salvator Galea
name: Bifulco, Roberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Artificial neural networks’ fully-connected layers require memory-bound operations on modern processors, which are therefore forced to stall their pipelines while waiting for memory loads. Computation batching improves on the issue, but it is largely inapplicable when dealing with time-sensitive serving workloads, which lowers the overall efficiency of the computing infrastructure. In this paper, we explore the opportunity to improve on the issue by offloading fully-connected layers processing to commodity Network Interface Cards. Our results show that current network cards can already process the fully-connected layers of binary neural networks, and thereby increase a machine’s throughput and efficiency. Further preliminary tests show that, with a relatively small hardware design modification, a new generation of network cards could increase their fully-connected layers processing throughput by a factor of 10.
Spatial deterministic wave forecasting for nonlinear sea-states
Creators: name: Galvagno, Mariano
name: Eeltink, Debbie
name: Stuhlmeier, Raphael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a simple algebraic form of the nonlinear wavenumber correction of surface gravity waves in deep water, based on temporal measurements of the water surface and the spatial Zakharov equation. This allows us to formulate an improvement over linear deterministic wave forecasting with no additional computational cost. Our new formulation is used to forecast both synthetically generated as well as experimentally measured seas, and shows marked improvements over the linear theory.
Higher-order interlacing for matrix-valued meromorphic Herglotz functions
Creators: name: Reiffenstein, Jakob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30D30, 30E20, 46E22

description: Scalar-valued meromorphic Herglotz-Nevanlinna functions are characterized by the interlacing property of their poles and zeros together with some growth properties. We give a characterization of matrix-valued Herglotz-Nevanlinna functions by means of a higher-order interlacing property. As an application we deduce a matrix version of the classical Hermite-Biehler Theorem for entire functions.
description: 17 pages, 0 figures
Active Brownian motion with speed fluctuations in arbitrary dimensions: exact calculation of moments and dynamical crossovers
Creators: name: Shee, Amir
name: Chaudhuri, Debasish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the motion of an active Brownian particle with speed fluctuations in d-dimensions in the presence of both translational and orientational diffusion. We use an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process for active speed generation. Using a Laplace transform approach, we describe and use a Fokker-Planck equation-based method to evaluate the exact time dependence of all relevant dynamical moments. We present explicit calculations of such moments and compare our analytical predictions against numerical simulations to demonstrate and analyze several dynamical crossovers. The kurtosis of displacement shows positive or negative deviations from a Gaussian behavior at intermediate times depending on the dominance of speed or orientational fluctuations.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures
Using Secondary Tau Neutrinos to Probe Heavy Dark Matter Decays in Earth
Creators: name: Saveliev, Matthew
name: Hyde, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter particles can be gravitationally trapped by celestial bodies, motivating searches for localized annihilation or decay. If neutrinos are among the decay products, then IceCube and other neutrino observatories could detect them. We investigate this scenario for dark matter particles above $m_χ \gtrsim$ PeV producing tau neutrino signals, using updated modeling of dark matter capture and thermalization. At these energies, tau neutrino regeneration is an important effect during propagation through Earth, allowing detection at distances far longer than one interaction length. We show how large energy loss of tau leptons above $\sim$ PeV drives a wide range of initial energies to the same final energy spectrum of "secondary" tau neutrinos at the detector, and we provide an analytic approximation to the numerical results. This effect enables an experiment to constrain decays that occur at very high energies, and we examine the reach of the IceCube high-energy starting event (HESE) sample in the parameter space of trapped dark matter annihilations and decays above PeV. We find that the parameter space probed by IceCube searches would require dark matter cross sections in tension with existing direct-detection bounds.
description: Updated to include projected IceCube-Gen2 sensitivity, various minor revisions for clarity, some references added
The available energy of trapped electrons and its relation to turbulent transport
Creators: name: Mackenbach, R. J. J.
name: Proll, J. H. E.
name: Helander, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A collisionless plasma possesses a certain amount of "available energy", which is that part of the thermal energy that can be converted into field energy. Here, a calculation is presented of the available energy carried by trapped electrons in a slender non-omnigenous flux tube of plasma. This quantity is compared with gyrokinetic simulations of the nonlinear saturated radial energy flux resulting from turbulence driven by collisionless trapped-electron modes in various stellarator and a tokamak. The numerical calculation of available energy is extremely fast and shows a strong correlation with the turbulent energy fluxes found in the gyrokinetic simulations. Indeed, the energy flux is found to be proportional to the available energy to the power of approximately 3/2, as one would expect from a simple phenomenological model.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Towards Optimal Quantum Ranging -- Hypothesis Testing for an Unknown Return Signal
Creators: name: Cohen, Lior
name: Wilde, Mark M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum information theory sets the ultimate limits for any information-processing task. In rangefinding and LIDAR, the presence or absence of a target can be tested by detecting different states at the receiver. In this Letter, we use quantum hypothesis testing for an unknown coherent-state return signal in order to derive the limits of symmetric and asymmetric error probabilities of single-shot ranging experiments. We engineer a single measurement independent of the range, which in some cases saturates the quantum bound and for others is presumably the best measurement to approach it. In addition, we verify the theoretical predictions by performing numerical simulations. This work bridges the gap between quantum information and quantum sensing and engineering and will contribute to devising better ranging sensors, as well as setting the path for finding practical limits for other quantum tasks.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures. comments are welcome
Entanglement and superposition are equivalent concepts in any physical theory
Creators: name: Aubrun, Guillaume
name: Lami, Ludovico
name: Palazuelos, Carlos
name: Plávala, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that any two general probabilistic theories (GPTs) are entangleable, in the sense that their composite exhibits either entangled states or entangled measurements, if and only if they are both non-classical, meaning that neither of the state spaces is a simplex. This establishes the universal equivalence of the (local) superposition principle and the existence of global entanglement, valid in a fully theory-independent way. As an application of our techniques, we show that all non-classical GPTs exhibit a strong form of incompatibility of states and measurements, and use this to construct a version of the BB84 protocol that works in any non-classical GPT.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Current rectification in junctions with spin-split superconductors
Creators: name: Ilić, Stefan
name: Virtanen, P.
name: Heikkilä, T. T.
name: Bergeret, F. Sebastián
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-split superconductors exhibit an electron-hole asymmetric spin-resolved density of states, but the symmetry is restored upon averaging over spin. On the other hand, asymmetry appears again in tunneling junctions of spin-split superconductors with a spin-polarized barrier. As demonstrated recently in both theory and experiment, this fact leads to a particularly strong thermoelectric effect in superconductor-ferromagnet structures. In this work we show another important effect stemming from the electron-hole asymmetry - current rectification. We calculate the charge current in spin-polarized tunnel junctions of normal metal and a spin-split superconductor with AC and DC voltage bias. In the DC case, the I-V curve is not fully antisymmetric and has a voltage-symmetric component due to spin polarization. This translates to the existence of a rectified current in the AC case, which is proportional to the spin polarization of the junction and strongly depends on the frequency of the applied bias. We discuss possible applications of the rectification effect, including a diode for superconducting electronics and radiation detectors. The analysis of the rectified charge current is supplemented by the discussion of heat current and relevant noise correlators, where electron-hole asymmetry also plays an important role, and which are useful for applications in detectors.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
Analysis of model parameter dependences on the second-order nonlinear conductivity in $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric collinear antiferromagnetic metals with magnetic toroidal moment on zigzag chains
Creators: name: Yatsushiro, Megumi
name: Oiwa, Rikuto
name: Kusunose, Hiroaki
name: Hayami, Satoru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A magnetic toroidal moment is a fundamental electronic degree of freedom in the absence of both spatial inversion and time-reversal symmetries and gives rise to novel multiferroic and transport properties. We elucidate essential model parameters of the nonlinear transport in the space-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetric collinear antiferromagnetic metals accompanying a magnetic toroidal moment. By analyzing the longitudinal and transverse components of the second-order nonlinear conductivity on a two-dimensionally stacked zigzag chain based on the nonlinear Kubo formula, we show that an effective coupling between the magnetic toroidal moment and the antisymmetric spin-orbit interaction is an essential source of the nonlinear conductivity. Moreover, we find that the nonreciprocal longitudinal current and nonlinear transverse current in a multi-band system are largely enhanced just below the transition temperature of the antiferromagnetic ordering. We also discuss the relevance of the nonlinear conductivity to the linear magnetoelectric coefficient and conductivity. Our result serves as a guide for exploring microscopic essence and clarifying the parameter dependence of the nonlinear conductive phenomena in ferrotoroidal metals.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
An Investigation of the Effectiveness of Phase for Audio Classification
Creators: name: Hidaka, Shunsuke
name: Wakamiya, Kohei
name: Kaburagi, Tokihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: While log-amplitude mel-spectrogram has widely been used as the feature representation for processing speech based on deep learning, the effectiveness of another aspect of speech spectrum, i.e., phase information, was shown recently for tasks such as speech enhancement and source separation. In this study, we extensively investigated the effectiveness of including phase information of signals for eight audio classification tasks. We constructed a learnable front-end that can compute the phase and its derivatives based on a time-frequency representation with mel-like frequency axis. As a result, experimental results showed significant performance improvement for musical pitch detection, musical instrument detection, language identification, speaker identification, and birdsong detection. On the other hand, overfitting to the recording condition was observed for some tasks when the instantaneous frequency was used. The results implied that the relationship between the phase values of adjacent elements is more important than the phase itself in audio classification.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Experimental Realization of the Rabi-Hubbard Model with Trapped Ions
Creators: name: Mei, Quanxin
name: Li, Bowen
name: Wu, Yukai
name: Cai, Minglei
name: Wang, Ye
name: Yao, Lin
name: Zhou, Zichao
name: Duan, Luming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum simulation provides important tools in studying strongly correlated many-body systems with controllable parameters. As a hybrid of two fundamental models in quantum optics and in condensed matter physics, the Rabi-Hubbard model demonstrates rich physics through the competition between local spin-boson interactions and long-range boson hopping. Here we report an experimental realization of the Rabi-Hubbard model using up to $16$ trapped ions and present a controlled study of its equilibrium properties and quantum dynamics. We observe the ground-state quantum phase transition by slowly quenching the coupling strength, and measure the quantum dynamical evolution in various parameter regimes. With the magnetization and the spin-spin correlation as probes, we verify the prediction of the model Hamiltonian by comparing theoretical results in small system sizes with experimental observations. For larger-size systems of $16$ ions and $16$ phonon modes, the effective Hilbert space dimension exceeds $2^{57}$, whose dynamics is intractable for classical supercomputers.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures + 13 pages, 10 figures
Arturo Cattaneo e Gianluca Fumagalli, Shakespeare in Hollywood, Torino, Einaudi, 2024, 308 pp., € 28,50
Creators: name: Marangolo, Luca
Publisher: name: Status Quaestionis
Year: 2024

description: Status Quaestionis, N. 26 (2024): Teoria/Theory. Perspectives on Literary Criticism and Comparative Literature
Hanshumba setifera Froza, Cavichioli, Costa & Mejdalani, 2018, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Froza, Joyce A.
name: Cavichioli, Rodney R.
name: Costa, Luiz A. A.
name: Mejdalani, Gabriel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Hanshumba
Hanshumba setifera

description: Hanshumba setifera sp. nov.
(Figs. 1–5)
 Diagnosis. Hanshumba setifera sp. nov. can be readily distinguished from the other four known species of the genus by the following combination of features: (1) apical portions of male pygofer (Fig. 2) and segment X (anal tube) (Figs. 4, 5) with conspicuous process bearing numerous setae; (2) style (Fig. 3) with apex obliquely truncate, foot-shaped; (3) aedeagal shaft (Figs. 4, 5) with distal half curved dorsally and with pair of dentiform processes on median portion; (4) paraphyses (Fig. 3) with two pairs of rami, anterior one directed anterad, thick, and obtuse apically, whereas posterior one directed posterad, slender, and acute apically.
Length of male holotype 5.6 mm; male paratype 5.1 mm.
description: Published as part of Froza, Joyce A., Cavichioli, Rodney R., Costa, Luiz A. A. & Mejdalani, Gabriel, 2018, Two new species of Hanshumba from Southeastern Brazil and a key to males of the genus (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini), pp. 315-318 in Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (Rev. Bras. Entomol.) (Rev. Bras. Entomol.) 62 (4) on page 316, DOI: 10.1016/j.rbe.2018.08.005, http://zenodo.org/record/13198340
The Geometry of Memoryless Stochastic Policy Optimization in Infinite-Horizon POMDPs
Creators: name: Müller, Johannes
name: Montúfar, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 90C40, 93E20, 49M37, 90C23

description: We consider the problem of finding the best memoryless stochastic policy for an infinite-horizon partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) with finite state and action spaces with respect to either the discounted or mean reward criterion. We show that the (discounted) state-action frequencies and the expected cumulative reward are rational functions of the policy, whereby the degree is determined by the degree of partial observability. We then describe the optimization problem as a linear optimization problem in the space of feasible state-action frequencies subject to polynomial constraints that we characterize explicitly. This allows us to address the combinatorial and geometric complexity of the optimization problem using recent tools from polynomial optimization. In particular, we estimate the number of critical points and use the polynomial programming description of reward maximization to solve a navigation problem in a grid world.
description: Camera ready version for ICLR 2022, 45 pages, 8 figures
Quantitative structure and bioactivity relationship study on HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors
Creators: name: M. Wang
name: L. Li
name: M. Zhong
name: A. Yan
name: C. Yu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Several QSAR (quantitative structure–activity relationship) models for predicting the inhibitory activity of 333 hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase inhibitors were developed. All the inhibitors are HCV polymerase non-nucleoside analogue inhibitors (NNIs) fitting into the pocket of the NNI III binding site. For each molecule, global descriptors and 2D property autocorrelation descriptors were calculated from the program ADRIANA.Code. Pearson correlation analysis was used to select the significant descriptors for building models. The whole dataset was split into a training set and a test set randomly or using a Kohonen’s self-organizing map (SOM). Then, the inhibitory activity of 333 HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors was predicted using multilinear regression (MLR) analysis and support vector machine (SVM) method, respectively. For the test set of the best model (Model 2B), correlation coefficient of 0.91 was achieved. Some molecular descriptors, such as molecular complexity (Complexity), the number of hydrogen bonding donors (HDon) and the solubility of the molecule in water (log S) were found to be very important factors which determined the bioactivity of the HCV NS5B inhibitors. Some other molecular properties such as electrostatic and charge properties also played important roles in the interaction between the ligand and the protein. The selected molecular descriptors were further confirmed by analysing the interaction between two representative inhibitors and the polymerase in their crystal structures.
Floquet integrability and long-range entanglement generation in the one-dimensional quantum Potts model
Creators: name: Lotkov, A. I.
name: Gritsev, V.
name: Fedorov, A. K.
name: Kurlov, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a Floquet protocol for long-range entanglement generation in the one-dimensional quantum Potts model, which generalizes the transverse-filed Ising model by allowing each spin to have $n>2$ states. We focus on the case of $n=3$, so that the model describes a chain of qutrits. The suggested protocol creates qutrit Bell-like pairs with non-local long-range entanglement that spans over the entire chain. We then conjecture that the proposed Floquet protocol is integrable and explicitly construct a few first non-trivial conserved quantities that commute with the stroboscopic evolution operator. Our analysis of the Floquet integrability relies on the deep connection between the quantum Potts model and a much broader class of models described by the Temperley-Lieb algebra. We work at the purely algebraic level and our results on Floquet integrability are valid for any representation of the Temperley-Lieb algebra. We expect that our findings can be probed with present experimental facilities using Rydberg programmable quantum simulators and can find various applications in quantum technologies.
description: 12+10 pages, 2 figures
Simplified molecular input line entry system-based optimal descriptors: QSAR modelling for voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv7.2
Creators: name: P. Ganga Raju Achary
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: CORAL software has been used to build quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) for the prediction of binding affinities (pEC50, i.e., minus decimal logarithm of the 50% effective concentration) of 35 potent inhibitors towards the voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv7.2. The pEC50 has been modelled using eight random splits, with the following representations of the molecular structure: (i) hydrogen-suppressed graph (HSG); (ii) simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES); (iii) graph atomic orbitals (GAOs) and (iv) hybrid representation, which is HSG together with SMILES. These models have been examined using three methods, the classic scheme, balance correlation, and balance correlation with ideal slope. The QSAR model based on single optimal descriptors using SMILES provided the best accuracy for the prediction of the pEC50. The robustness of these models has been checked using parameters such as rm2, r*m2, , and using a randomization technique. The best QSAR model based on single optimal descriptors has been applied to study the in vitro structure–activity relationships of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one derivatives as Kv7.2 modulators. The pEC50 is found to be significantly increased by the incorporation of –OH, –NO2 or –Br groups in place of one –F, whereas –NH2 has a negative effect on the pEC50 values.
Topological structural alerts modulations of mammalian cell mutagenicity for halogenated derivatives
Creators: name: A. Pérez-Garrido
name: F. Girón-Rodríguez
name: A. Morales Helguera
name: F. Borges
name: R.D. Combes
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Genotoxicity is a key toxicity endpoint for current regulatory requirements regarding new and existing chemicals. However, genotoxicity testing is time-consuming and costly, and involves the use of laboratory animals. This has motivated the development of computational approaches, designed to predict genotoxicity without the need to conduct laboratory tests. Currently, many existing computational methods, like quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models, provide limited information about the possible mechanisms involved in mutagenicity or predictions based on structural alerts (SAs) do not take statistical models into account. This paper describes an attempt to address this problem by using the TOPological Substructural MOlecular Design (TOPS-MODE) approach to develop and validate improved QSAR models for predicting the mutagenicity of a range of halogenated derivatives. Our most predictive model has an accuracy of 94.12%, exhibits excellent cross-validation and external set statistics. A reasonable interpretation of the model in term of SAs was achieved by means of bond contributions to activity. The results obtained led to the following conclusions: primary halogenated derivatives are more mutagenic than secondary ones; and substitution of chlorine by bromine increases mutagenicity while polyhalogenation decreases activity. The paper demonstrates the potential of the TOPS-MODE approach in developing QSAR models for identifying structural alerts for mutagenicity, combining high predictivity with relevant mechanistic interpretation.
Quantitative structure and bioactivity relationship study on HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors
Creators: name: M. Wang
name: L. Li
name: M. Zhong
name: A. Yan
name: C. Yu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: Uncategorised

description: Several QSAR (quantitative structure–activity relationship) models for predicting the inhibitory activity of 333 hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase inhibitors were developed. All the inhibitors are HCV polymerase non-nucleoside analogue inhibitors (NNIs) fitting into the pocket of the NNI III binding site. For each molecule, global descriptors and 2D property autocorrelation descriptors were calculated from the program ADRIANA.Code. Pearson correlation analysis was used to select the significant descriptors for building models. The whole dataset was split into a training set and a test set randomly or using a Kohonen’s self-organizing map (SOM). Then, the inhibitory activity of 333 HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors was predicted using multilinear regression (MLR) analysis and support vector machine (SVM) method, respectively. For the test set of the best model (Model 2B), correlation coefficient of 0.91 was achieved. Some molecular descriptors, such as molecular complexity (Complexity), the number of hydrogen bonding donors (HDon) and the solubility of the molecule in water (log S) were found to be very important factors which determined the bioactivity of the HCV NS5B inhibitors. Some other molecular properties such as electrostatic and charge properties also played important roles in the interaction between the ligand and the protein. The selected molecular descriptors were further confirmed by analysing the interaction between two representative inhibitors and the polymerase in their crystal structures.