cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantum Squeezing Schemes for Heterodyne Readout
Creators: name: Zhang, Teng
name: Martynov, Denis
name: Freise, Andreas
name: Miao, Haixing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Advanced gravitational-wave detectors are limited by quantum noise in their most sensitive frequency band. Quantum noise suppression techniques, such as the application of the quantum squeezed state of light, have been actively studied in the context of homodyne readouts. In this paper, we consider quantum squeezing schemes for the heterodyne readouts. This is motivated by a successful suppression of the higher-order-mode content by stable recycling cavities in advanced detectors. The heterodyne readout scheme requires precise tuning of the interferometer parameters and a broadband squeezing source, but is conceptually simple and elegant. We further show that it is compatible with the frequency-dependent squeezing, which reduces both the shot noise and the radiation-pressure noise. We propose a test of the heterodyne readout with squeezing in Advanced LIGO. This can serve as a pathfinder not only for the implementation in future detectors, such as Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, but also for general high-precision optical measurements.
Effects of a Traceability System on the Economic Impacts of a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Outbreak
Creators: name: Jones, Jason
name: Carlberg, Jared G.
name: Pendell, Dustin L.
name: Jones, Jason
name: Carlberg, Jared G.
name: Pendell, Dustin L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: NAADSM
subject: disease spread model
subject: equilibrium displacement model
subject: traceability

description: The research reported in this paper created an epidemiological foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) spread model for Ontario. Disease simulations were constructed to reflect three levels of the cattle identification and movement recording system. Outputs generated by the epidemiological model are used to calculate the direct disease control costs of a FMD outbreak. Welfare effects caused by a FMD outbreak are also calculated for each level of cattle traceability using an equilibrium displacement model. Parameter sensitivity was tested for both the epidemiological and economic model results. It is found that the benefits to the beef cattle industry of increasing the ability to trace direct animal contacts during a FMD disease outbreak in Ontario are less than the lowest annual cost estimate of a cattle traceability system as estimated by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
Additional file 1 of Schizophyllum commune induced oxidative stress and immunosuppressive activity in Spodoptera litura
Creators: name: Kaur, Mandeep
name: Chadha, Pooja
name: Sanehdeep Kaur
name: Kaur, Amarjeet
name: Rajvir Kaur
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Morphology of S. commune showing hyphae and clamp connection (characterstics of basidiomycetes) under SEM.
Ecosystem Services and Food Security: Economic Perspectives on Environmental Sustainability
Creators: name: Richardson, Robert B.
name: Richardson, Robert B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: environmental sustainability
subject: ecosystem
subject: food security

description: Food security in developing countries depends in part on the sustainable use of natural resources. Food security is usually examined through three dimensions, namely the availability, access, and utilization of food. Ecosystems directly and indirectly support each of these dimensions through the provision of critical ecosystem services that facilitate agricultural production, create income- generating opportunities, and provide energy for cooking. However, in some cases, household uses of natural resources undermine particular elements of food security, hindering national poverty reduction strategies and threatening the sustainability of critical ecosystem functions. I examine the role of ecosystem services in rural food security through the lens of its three dimensions, and highlight the tensions that stem from household-level interactions and uses. In some cases, uses of resources and services that support the access and utilization dimensions may undermine the ecosystem functions that support food availability. The conclusions underscore the importance for the integration of ecosystem services into food security plans and poverty reduction strategies in developing countries.
Vortex equations in abelian gauged sigma-models
Creators: name: Baptista, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider nonlinear gauged sigma-models with Kahler domain and target. For a special choice of potential these models admit Bogomolny (or self-duality) equations -- the so-called vortex equations. We find the moduli space and energy spectrum of the solutions of these equations when the gauge group is a torus T^n, the domain is compact, and the target is C^n or CP^n. We also obtain a large family of solutions when the target is a compact Kahler toric manifold.
description: v2: 60 pages, more details than in CMP version
Black Hole Supernovae, their Equation of State Dependence and Ejecta Composition
Creators: name: Andersen, Oliver Eggenberger
name: O'Connor, Evan
name: Andresen, Haakon
name: Schneider, André da Silva
name: Couch, Sean M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent literature on core-collapse supernovae suggests that a black hole (BH) can form within $\sim 1$ s of shock revival, while still culminating in a successful supernova. We refer to these as black hole supernovae, as they are distinct from other BH formation channels in both timescale and impact on the explosion. We simulate these events self-consistently from core-collapse until $20\text{-}50$ days after collapse using three axisymmetric models of a $60$ M$_\odot$ zero-age main sequence progenitor star and investigate how the composition of the ejecta is impacted by the BH formation. We employ Skyrme-type equations of state (EOSs) and vary the uncertain nucleonic effective mass, which affects the pressure inside the proto-neutron star through the thermal part of the EOS. This results in different BH formation times and explosion energies at BH formation, yielding final explosion energies between $0.06\text{-}0.72\times 10^{51}$ erg with $21.8\text{-}23.3$ M$_\odot$ of ejecta, of which $0\text{-}0.018$ M$_\odot$ is $^{56}$Ni. Compared to expectations from 1D simulations, we find a more nuanced EOS dependence of the explosion dynamics, the mass of the BH remnant, and the elemental composition of the ejecta. We investigate why the explosions survive despite the massive overburden and link the shape of the diagnostic energy curve and character of the ejecta evolution to the progenitor structure.
description: 25 pages, 17 figures
title: “We’re rolling”
title: Our Uncertainty Perception Indicator (UPI) in Q4 2020: introducing RollingLDA, a New Method for the Measurement of Evolving Economic Narratives
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Müller, Henrik
name: Rieger, Jonas
name: Hornig, Nico
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: uncertainty
subject: narratives
subject: latent dirichlet allocation
subject: business cycles
subject: Covid-19
subject: text mining
subject: computational methods
subject: behavioral economics
subject: 004
subject: 070
subject: 310

description: In this paper, we present a new dynamic topic modeling method to build stable models and consistent time series. We call this new method RollingLDA. It has the potential to overcome several difficulties researchers, who use unsupervised probabilistic topic models, have grappled with: namely the problem of arbitrary selection, which is aggravated when models are to be updated with new sequences of data. RollingLDA is derived by combining the LDAPrototype approach (Rieger, Jentsch and Rahnenführer, 2020) with an implementation that uses preceding LDA results as an initialization for subsequent quarters, while allowing topics to change over time. Squaring dual-process theory, employed in Behavioral Economics (Kahneman, 2011), with the evolving theory of Economic Narratives (Shiller, 2017), RollingLDA is applied to the measurement of economic uncertainty. The new version of our Uncertainty Perception Indicator (UPI), based on a newspaper corpus of 2.8 million German newspaper articles, published between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2020, proves indeed capable of detecting an uncertainty narrative. The narrative, derived from the thorough quantitative-qualitative analysis of a key-topic of our model, can be interpreted as collective memory of past uncertainty shocks, their causes and the societal reactions to them. The uncertainty narrative can be seen as a collective intangible cultural asset (Haskel and Westlake, 2017), accumulated in the past, informing the present and potentially the future, as the story is being updated and partly overwritten by new experiences. This concept opens up a fascinating new field for future research. We would like to encourage researchers to use our data and are happy to share it on request.
description: DoCMA Working Paper;6
Additional file 1 of Repeated social defeat promotes persistent inflammatory changes in splenic myeloid cells; decreased expression of β-arrestin-2 (ARRB2) and increased expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Creators: name: Rajalingam, Dhaksshaginy
name: Nymoen, Ingeborg
name: Jacobsen, Daniel Pitz
name: Eriksen, Mina Baarnes
name: Dissen, Erik
name: Nielsen, Morten Birkeland
name: Einarsen, Ståle Valvatne
name: Gjerstad, Johannes
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. The test used to assess behavior. Figure S2. Plasma. Figure S3. Gating strategy to assess purity of enriched myeloid cell population from rat spleen. Figure S4. Myeloid cells from the spleen. Table S1. Two separate mixes of fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies for test and control. The two mixes were separately added to a small fraction of the final cell suspension.
Disentangling critical quantum spin chains with Clifford circuits
Creators: name: Fan, Chaohui
name: Qian, Xiangjian
name: Zhang, Hua-Chen
name: Huang, Rui-Zhen
name: Qin, Mingpu
name: Xiang, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Clifford circuits can be utilized to disentangle quantum states with polynomial cost, thanks to the Gottesman-Knill theorem. Based on this idea, the Clifford circuits augmented matrix product states (CAMPS) method, which is a seamless integration of Clifford circuits within the density-matrix renormalization group algorithm, was proposed recently and was shown to be able to reduce entanglement in various quantum systems. In this work, we further explore the power of the CAMPS method in critical spin chains described by conformal field theories (CFTs) in the scaling limit. We find that the optimized disentanglers correspond to {\it duality} transformations, which significantly reduce the entanglement entropy in the ground state. For the critical quantum Ising spin chain governed by the Ising CFT with self-duality, the Clifford circuits found by CAMPS coincide with the duality transformation, i.e., the Kramers-Wannier self-duality in the critical Ising chain. It reduces the entanglement entropy by mapping the free conformal boundary condition to the fixed one. In the more general case of the XXZ chain, the CAMPS gives rise to a duality transformation mapping the model to the quantum Ashkin-Teller spin chain. Our results highlight the potential of the framework as a versatile tool for uncovering hidden dualities and simplifying the entanglement structure of critical quantum systems.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures; published version
Impact of Ethanol Policies on Livestock Production in the United States
Creators: name: Miljkovic, Dragan
name: Shaik, Saleem
name: Braun, Dane
name: Miljkovic, Dragan
name: Shaik, Saleem
name: Braun, Dane
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Livestock Production
subject: Ethanol Policies

description: This study was conducted to analyze the direct and indirect effects of ethanol policy on livestock production. Results of the theoretical model indicate the possibility of ethanol policy indirectly affecting livestock production. Econometric results show a possibility of ethanol policy indirectly impacting cattle production through the RFS’s influence on corn quantity. Policy makers’ intentions with ethanol policy likely were to increase ethanol consumption rather than to directly affect cattle production. However, results of the reduced form equation indicate that the RFS increased the cattle quantity, which represents a direct outcome of ethanol policy on cattle production. Policy makers can utilize the information provided in this study to understand the effects of ethanol policy on multiple agricultural markets. Understanding the existence of indirect and direct effects of newly designed policies on non-targeted markets adds credibility to the policy making process.
Effect of delayed backfill on open stope mining methods
Creators: name: Caceres Doerner, Cristian Andres
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Open stoping is comprised of large rectangular voids separated by intervening pillars so as to minimize the size of the exposed surface and thereby reducing the potential for wall slough and in turn external dilution. These pillars provide support to the exposed wall; however, they result in ore loss and increased costs such as having to establish slots for blasting. Longhole mining methods such as Avoca or longhole retreat as practiced at the Musselwhite mine of Placer Dome employs 100% extraction with the use of fill walls to provide support to the adjacent stope. Transverse open stoping also practiced at Musselwhite employs cemented rock fill adjacent to a mined stope. The question is how to account for the overall stope wall stability when the adjacent support is backfill. The backfill does not provide the same support as that of a rock pillar, however, due to the increased use of fill abutments one has to develop a methodology that accounts for this reduced overall support element as it does reduce the overall stope surface exposed. It has been shown in this thesis that the backfill wall does not provide the same overall stability to an individual stope as would avail itself if the stope had rock abutments. This is the focus of this study in order to establish design criteria to enable one to employ existing methods for stope design such as the Stability Graph by augmenting input parameters that have been calibrated through field measurements, analytical assessments, numerical modeling and laboratory testing to evaluate the effect of mining adjacent to a backfilled stope. Sill pillars are employed at the Musselwhite mine to allow for multiple mining horizons with unconsolidated backfill placed immediately above the intervening sill. These sills can be comprised of unmined ore when the economics are such as to negate their mining or alternatively they are replaced by a constructed sill mat to allow for mining underneath by non-entry methods and thereby containing the overlying backfill. Numerical studies were conducted to investigate modeled results of mining under a cemented rockfill sill mat and to develop criteria for sill mat design. The results obtained from this analysis can be extrapolated to other operations that utilize backfill as part of the mining sequence. Design curves were developed for the stability of sill mats for various stope configurations and cemented rockfill strength properties This, coupled with defining the effect of mining adjacent to backfill, forms the focus of this thesis.
On optimal spatial subsample size for variance estimation
Creators: name: Nordman, Daniel J.
name: Lahiri, Soumendra N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G09 (Primary) 62M40, 60G60. (Secondary)

description: We consider the problem of determining the optimal block (or subsample) size for a spatial subsampling method for spatial processes observed on regular grids. We derive expansions for the mean square error of the subsampling variance estimator, which yields an expression for the theoretically optimal block size. The optimal block size is shown to depend in an intricate way on the geometry of the spatial sampling region as well as characteristics of the underlying random field. Final expressions for the optimal block size make use of some nontrivial estimates of lattice point counts in shifts of convex sets. Optimal block sizes are computed for sampling regions of a number of commonly encountered shapes. Numerical studies are performed to compare subsampling methods as well as procedures for estimating the theoretically best block size.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053604000000779 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Winter Safflower Biodiesel: A Green Biofuel for the Southern High Plains
Creators: name: Liu, Bing
name: Benson, Aaron
name: Liu, Bing
name: Benson, Aaron
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Winter Safflower
subject: Life-cycle Greenhouse Gas Emission
subject: Biofuel
subject: Suitability

description: Combustion of fossil fuels has added tremendous quantities of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, and the increase will continue over the coming decades considering the increasing global population and standards of living. Biofuel cropping systems are believed to realize GHG emission reductions and the local environmental and societal benefits. However, they must be derived from feedstocks produced with much lower life-cycle GHG emissions than traditional fossil fuels and with little or no competition with food production. Winter safflower is considered a potential feedstock for biodiesel production that can be grown on the Texas High Plains. It requires fewer inputs in terms of irrigation and fertilizer, and could be grown on semi-arid or abandoned land. The purpose of this study is to assess and compare the life-cycle energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission impacts associated with winter safflower seed-derived biodiesel, and determine the suitability of safflower biodiesel as an energy crop on the Texas High Plains. In addition, this study identifies the parameters that have the greatest impact on GHG emissions and the likelihood that winter safflower would be adopted by farmers on the High Plains. Finally, in order to analyze farmers’ planting decisions corresponding to different carbon policies, a production function of safflower and GHG emissions are developed, as well as a related profit function to evaluate possible incentives to change behaviors.
Refraction and straining of wind-generated near-inertial waves by barotropic eddies
Creators: name: Asselin, Olivier
name: Thomas, Leif N.
name: Young, William R.
name: Rainville, Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the distortion of wind-generated near-inertial waves by steady and unsteady barotropic quasi-geostrophic eddies, with a focus on the evolution of the horizontal wavevector $\boldsymbol{k}$ under the effects of mesoscale strain and refraction. The model is initialized with a horizontally-uniform ($\boldsymbol{k}=0$) surface-confined near-inertial wave which then evolves according to the phase-averaged model of Young and Ben Jelloul. A steady barotropic vortex dipole is first considered. Nearly monochromatic shear bands appear in the jet region as wave energy propagate downwards and towards anticyclone. As a result of refraction, both horizontal and vertical wavenumbers grow linearly with the time $t$ elapsed since generation such that their ratio, the slope of wave bands, is time-indepedent. Analogy with passive scalar dynamics suggests that strain should result in the exponential growth of $|\boldsymbol{k}|$. Here instead, strain is ineffective not only at the jet center, but also at its confluent and diffluent regions. Low modes rapidly escape below the anticyclonic core such that the weakly-dispersive high modes are dominant in the mixed layer. In the weakly-dispersive limit, $\boldsymbol{k}=- t \nabla ζ(x,y,t)/2$ provided that (i) the eddy vertical vorticity $ζ$ evolves according to the barotropic quasi-geostrophic equation; and (ii) $\boldsymbol{k}=0$ initially, as is typically assumed for near-inertial waves generated by large-scale atmospheric storms. In steady flows, strain is ineffective because $\boldsymbol{k}$ is always perpendicular to the flow. In unsteady flows, straining modifies the vorticity gradient and hence $\boldsymbol{k}$, and may account for significant energy transfers.
"Mariage des Maillages": A new numerical approach for 3D relativistic core collapse simulations
Creators: name: Dimmelmeier, Harald
name: Novak, Jerome
name: Font, Jose A.
name: Ibanez, Jose M.
name: Mueller, Ewald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new 3D general relativistic hydrodynamics code for simulations of stellar core collapse to a neutron star, as well as pulsations and instabilities of rotating relativistic stars. It uses spectral methods for solving the metric equations, assuming the conformal flatness approximation for the three-metric. The matter equations are solved by high-resolution shock-capturing schemes. We demonstrate that the combination of a finite difference grid and a spectral grid can be successfully accomplished. This "Mariage des Maillages" (French for grid wedding) approach results in high accuracy of the metric solver and allows for fully 3D applications using computationally affordable resources, and ensures long term numerical stability of the evolution. We compare our new approach to two other, finite difference based, methods to solve the metric equations. A variety of tests in 2D and 3D is presented, involving highly perturbed neutron star spacetimes and (axisymmetric) stellar core collapse, demonstrating the ability to handle spacetimes with and without symmetries in strong gravity. These tests are also employed to assess gravitational waveform extraction, which is based on the quadrupole formula.
description: 29 pages, 16 figures; added more information about convergence tests and grid setup
Quantum transport in strongly correlated Fermi gases
Creators: name: Enss, Tilman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transport in strongly correlated fermions cannot be understood by fermionic quasiparticles alone. We present a theoretical framework for quantum transport that incorporates strong local correlations of fermion pairs. These contact correlations add essential contributions to viscous, thermal and sound transport coefficients. The bulk viscosity, in particular, receives its dominant contribution from pair excitations. Moreover, it can be measured elegantly by observing the response to a time-dependent scattering length even when the fluid is not moving. Rapid changes of the scattering length drive the system far out of local equilibrium, and we show how it relaxes back to equilibrium following a hydrodynamic attractor before a Navier-Stokes description becomes valid.
description: 8 pages, contribution to the Proceedings of the 2024 IHP symposium ''Open questions in the quantum many-body problem''
Quantification of Nanoscale Density Fluctuations in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon
Creators: name: Gericke, Eike
name: Melskens, Jimmy
name: Wendt, Robert
name: Wollgarten, Markus
name: Hoell, Armin
name: Lips, Klaus
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Amorphous semiconductors
subject: Disordered systems
subject: Networks & random structures
subject: Small angle neutron scattering
subject: Small-angle x-ray scattering
subject: Transmission electron microscopy
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: The nanostructure of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si∶H) is studied by a combination of small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) with a spatial resolution of 0.8 nm. The a-Si∶H materials were deposited using a range of widely varied conditions and are representative for this class of materials. We identify two different phases that are embedded in the a-Si∶H matrix and quantified both according to their scattering cross sections. First, 1.2 nm sized voids (multivacancies with more than 10 missing atoms) which form a superlattice with 1.6 nm void-to-void distance are detected. The voids are found in concentrations as high as 6×1019 cm−3 in a-Si∶H material that is deposited at a high rate. Second, dense ordered domains (DOD) that are depleted of hydrogen with 1 nm average diameter are found. The DOD tend to form 10–15 nm sized aggregates and are largely found in all a-Si∶H materials considered here. These quantitative findings make it possible to understand the complex correlation between structure and electronic properties of a-Si∶H and directly link them to the light-induced formation of defects. Finally, a structural model is derived, which verifies theoretical predictions about the nanostructure of a-Si∶H.
Thermal convection in the crust of the dwarf planet (1) Ceres
Creators: name: Formisano, M.
name: Federico, C.
name: Castillo-Rogez, J.
name: De Sanctis, M. C.
name: Magni, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ceres is the largest body in the Main Belt, and it is characterized by a large abundance of water ice in its interior. This feature is suggested by its relatively low bulk density (2162 kg m$^{-3}$), while its partial differentiation into a rocky core and icy crust is suggested by several geological and geochemical features: minerals and salts produced by aqueous alteration, icy patches on the surface, lobate morphology interpreted as surface flows. In this work we explore how the composition can influence the characteristics of thermal convection in the crust of Ceres. Our results suggest that the onset of thermal convection is difficult and when it occurs it is short lived and this could imply that Ceres preserved deep liquid until present, as recent suggested by the work of Castillo-Rogez et al.. Moreover, cryovolcanism could be driven by diapirism (chemical convection) rather than thermal convection.
The Farm Level Impacts of Replacing Current Farm Programs with a Whole Farm Revenue Program
Creators: name: Raulston, J. Marc
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Outlaw, Joe L.
name: Knapek, George M.
name: Raulston, J. Marc
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Outlaw, Joe L.
name: Knapek, George M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: agricultural policy
subject: simulation
subject: representative farms
subject: government payments
subject: crop insurance
subject: revenue coverage

description: This study evaluates the farm level economic impacts of implementing a whole farm revenue insurance program in lieu of current government program payments on agricultural producers in major production areas of the United States. Realizing a multitude of viable options exist, this study demonstrates one way a whole farm revenue coverage program could work at the farm level and makes comparisons between the current baseline situation and alternative levels of revenue coverage implementation.
Searches for Supersymmetry at the Tevatron
Creators: name: Meyer, Arnd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Both Tevatron experiments, D0 and CDF, have searched for signs of Supersymmetry in the present Run II data sample, using integrated luminosities of up to 260/pb collected in ppbar collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96TeV. In these proceedings, new results are presented in the search for squarks and gluinos in the jets and missing transverse energy final state, associated production of charginos and neutralinos with multilepton final states, search for the rare decay B_s->mumu, searches allowing R-parity violation (muons+jets, multileptons), and searches in the gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking framework with the final state of two photons and missing transverse energy. In the absence of any significant deviation from Standard Model expectations, limits on the presence of new physics are set, which in many cases are the most stringent to date.
description: To appear in the proceedings of 32nd International Conference on High-Energy Physics (ICHEP 04), Beijing, China, 16-22 Aug 2004
Ultrafast multireflector physical-optics beam simulations for the HFI instrument on the ESA PLANCK Surveyor
Creators: name: Yurchenko, Vladimir B.
name: Murphy, John Anthony
name: Lamarre, Jean-Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the latest results of our fast physical optics simulations of the ESA PLANCK HFI beams. The main beams of both polarized and non-polarized channels have been computed with account of broad frequency bands for the final design and positions of the HFI horns. Gaussian fitting parameters of the broadband beams have been presented. Beam polarization characteristics and horn defocusing effects have been studied.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
The Recession and its Impact on Foreign Direct Investment Flows into the Food System of Less Developed Countries
Creators: name: Babool, Md. Ashfaqul Islam
name: Saghaian, Sayed H.
name: Babool, Md. Ashfaqul Islam
name: Saghaian, Sayed H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Recession
subject: FDI
subject: Developing countries

description: This study investigates the effects of the current recession on foreign direct investment (FDI) in the food sectors of developing countries. The study tests the hypothesis that the economic recession adversely affects FDI flows in the food sector. The specific objectives are: to identify determinants that influence FDI inflows; to develop an econometric model to estimate changes in FDI inflows as influenced by factor determinants, including the present recession; and to compare the impact of the recession on FDI in the food system in different developed and developing economies.
The Bombieri-Vinogradov theorem for nilsequences
Creators: name: Shao, Xuancheng
name: Teräväinen, Joni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11N13, 11B30, 11L20

description: We establish results of Bombieri-Vinogradov type for the von Mangoldt function $Λ(n)$ twisted by a nilsequence. In particular, we obtain Bombieri-Vinogradov type results for the von Mangoldt function twisted by any polynomial phase $e(P(n))$; the results obtained are as strong as the ones previously known in the case of linear exponential twists. We derive a number of applications of these results. Firstly, we show that the primes $p$ obeying a "nil-Bohr set" condition, such as $\|αp^k\|
description: 55 pages. Referee comments incorporated. Formatted using the Discrete Analysis style file
Interdependence of photon upconversion performance and antisolvent processing in thin-film halide perovskite-sensitized triplet–triplet annihilators
Creators: name: Prashanthan, Karunanantharajah
name: Naydenov, Boris
name: Lips, Klaus
name: Unger, Eva
name: MacQueen, Rowan W.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Photodegradation
subject: Optical spectroscopy
subject: Photoluminescence spectroscopy
subject: Thin films
subject: Scanning electron microscopy
subject: Triplet state spectroscopy
subject: Spin coating
subject: Perovskites
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: We prepared triplet–triplet annihilation photon upconverters combining thin-film methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) perovskite with a rubrene annihilator in a bilayer structure. Excitation of the perovskite film leads to delayed, upconverted photoluminescence emitted from the annihilator layer, with triplet excitation of the rubrene being driven by carriers excited in the perovskite layer. To better understand the connections between the semiconductor properties of the perovskite film and the upconversion efficiency, we deliberately varied the perovskite film properties by modifying two spin-coating conditions, namely, the choice of antisolvent and the antisolvent dripping time, and then studied the resulting photon upconversion performance with a standard annihilator layer. A stronger upconversion effect was exhibited when the perovskite films displayed brighter and more uniform photoluminescence. Both properties were sensitive to the antisolvent dripping time and were maximized for a dripping time of 20 s (measured relative to the end of the spin-coating program). Surprisingly, the choice of antisolvent had a significant effect on the upconversion performance, with anisole-treated films yielding on average a tenfold increase in upconversion intensity compared to the chlorobenzene-treated equivalent. This performance difference was correlated with the carrier lifetime in the perovskite film, which was 52 ns and 306 ns in the brightest chlorobenzene and anisole-treated films, respectively. Since the bulk properties of the anisole- and chlorobenzene-treated films were virtually identical, we concluded that differences in the defect density at the MAPI/rubrene interface, linked to the choice of antisolvent, must be responsible for the differing upconversion performance.
Photon drag at the junction between metal and 2d semiconductor
Creators: name: Svintsov, Dmitry
name: Devizorova, Zhanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photon drag represents a mechanism of photocurrent generation wherein the electromagnetic (EM) field momentum is transferred directly to the charge carriers. It is believed to be small by the virtue of low photon momentum compared to the typical momenta of the charge carriers. Here, we show that photon drag becomes particularly strong at the junctions between metals and 2d materials, wherein highly non-uniform local EM fields are generated upon diffraction. To this end, we combine an exact theory of diffraction at 'metal-2d material' junctions with microscopic transport theory of photon drag, and derive the functional dependences of the respective photovoltage on the parameters of EM field and 2d system. The voltage responsivity appears inversely proportional to the electromagnetic frequency $ω$, the sheet density of charge, and a dimensionless momentum transfer coefficient $α$ which depends only on 2d conductivity in units of light speed $η= 2πσ/c$ and light polarization. For $p$-polarized incident light, the momentum transfer coefficient appears finite even for vanishingly small 2d conductivity $η$, which is a consequence of dynamic lightning rod effect. For $s$-polarized incident light, the momentum transfer coefficient scales as $η\ln η^{-1}$, which stems from long-range dipole radiation of a linear junction. A simple estimate shows that the ratio of thermoelectric and photon drag photovoltages at the junction for $p$-polarization is roughly $ωτ_\varepsilon$, where $τ_\varepsilon$ is the energy relaxation time, while for $s$-polarization the photon drag always dominates over the thermoelectric effect.
New approaches to Bayesian consistency
Creators: name: Walker, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G20 (Primary)

description: We use martingales to study Bayesian consistency. We derive sufficient conditions for both Hellinger and Kullback-Leibler consistency, which do not rely on the use of a sieve. Alternative sufficient conditions for Hellinger consistency are also found and demonstrated on examples.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053604000000409 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Reply to "Sharp-mode coupling in High-Tc Superconductors"
Creators: name: Hwang, Jungseek
name: Timusk, Thomas
name: Gu, Genda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our optical technique has the advantage of being a bulk probe, which is less subject to uncertainties in the doping level and in the quality of the surface than angle resolved photoemission (ARPES). It is also capable of higher energy resolution and the overall noise level is lower. The disadvantage is that it gives momentum averaged properties. In light of these differences, it came as a surprise to us that our reported optical self-energies were able to track in accurate detail the ARPES self-energies of Johnson et al. Our data indicate that, as a function of doping, not only could both optical and ARPES techniques resolve the sharp mode from the background but also that the sharp mode intensity decreases uniformly, disappearing completely at a doping level of 0.23. As superconductivity is still strong at this doping level, with a Tc of 55 K, we conclude that the sharp mode was not an important contributor to high-temperature superconductivity.
description: Three pages, one figure, reply to Cuk et al. cond-mat/0403743
Ovine keratome: identification, localisation and genomic organisation of keratin and keratin‐associated proteins
Creators: name: Yu, Z
name: Plowman, JE
name: Maclean, P
name: Wildermoth, JE
name: Brauning, R
name: McEwan, JC
name: Maqbool, Nauman
Publisher: name: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Humanities
subject: FOS: Humanities

description: Wool is composed primarily of proteins belonging to the keratin family. These include the keratins and keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) that are responsible for the structural and mechanical properties of wool fibre. Although all human keratin and KAP genes have been annotated, many of their ovine counterparts remain unknown and even less is known about their genomic organisation. The aim of this study was to use a combinatory approach including comprehensive cDNA and de novo genomic sequencing to identify ovine keratin and KAP genes and their genomic organisation and to validate the keratins and KAPs involved in wool production using ovine expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries and proteomics. The number of genes and their genomic organisation are generally conserved between sheep, cattle and human, despite some unique features in the sheep. Validation by protein mass spectrometry identified multiple keratins (types I and II), epithelial keratins and KAPs. However, 15 EST-derived genes, including one type II keratin and 14 KAPs, were identified in the sheep genome that were not present in the NCBI gene set, providing a significant increase in the number of keratin genes mapped on the sheep genome.
Geometric visualization of the Brewster angle from dielectric--magnetic interface
Creators: name: Sihvola, Ari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A geometric visualization is presented for the Brewster angle for a plane wave reflecting from an interface. The surface is assumed isotropic but it is allowed to display both dielectric and magnetic susceptibility, and hence the Brewster (polarizing) angle can attain any value between 0 and 90 degrees, and can exist for both parallel and perpendicular polarizations. The geometric construction (a tetrahedron) is spanned by the basic material parameters of the surface. The Brewster angle appears in one of the faces of the tetrahedron.
description: submitted to American Journal of Physics
Additional file 1 of In vitro biosynthesis of Ag, Au and Te-containing nanostructures by Exiguobacterium cell-free extracts
Creators: name: Orizola, Javier
name: Ríos-Silva, Mirtha
name: Muñoz-Villagrán, Claudia
name: Vargas, Esteban
name: Vásquez, Claudio
name: Arenas, Felipe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1.Figure 1S. Growth inhibition zones of the strains belonging to the Exiguobacterium genus exposed to Ag(I), Au(III) and Te(IV). Growth inhibition areas for E. acetylicum MF03 [A], E. aurantiacum MF06 [B] and E. profundum MF08 [C] were determined under aerobic (blue) and anaerobic (red) growth conditions. Bars indicate an average of 6 independent tests ± standard deviation. ****, Indicates significant statistical difference (p <0.0001) and ns, not significant.
A Non-Ideal NOMA-based mmWave D2D Networks with Hardware and CSI Imperfections
Creators: name: Tlebaldiyeva, Leila
name: Nauryzbayev, Galymzhan
name: Arzykulov, Sultangali
name: Akhmetkaziyev, Yerassyl
name: Hashmi, Mohammad S.
name: Eltawil, Ahmed M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This letter investigates a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) assisted millimeter-wave device-to-device (D2D) network practically limited by multiple interference noises, transceiver hardware impairments, imperfect successive interference cancellation, and channel state information mismatch. Generalized outage probability expressions for NOMA-D2D users are deduced and achieved results, validated by Monte Carlo simulations, are compared with the orthogonal multiple access to show the superior performance of the proposed network model
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Tetracene Ultrathin Film Growth on Hydrogen-Passivated Silicon
Creators: name: Niederhausen, Jens
name: MacQueen, Rowan W.
name: Lips, Klaus
name: Aldahhak, Hazem
name: Schmidt, Wolf Gero
name: Gerstmann, Uwe
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy
subject: Thin films
subject: Molecules
subject: Monolayers
subject: Molecular structure
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: Inorganic–organic interfaces are important for enhancing the power conversion efficiency of silicon-based solar cells through singlet exciton fission (SF). We elucidated the structure of the first monolayers of tetracene (Tc), an SF molecule, on hydrogen-passivated Si(111) [H–Si(111)] and hydrogenated amorphous Si (a-Si:H) by combining near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. For samples grown at or below substrate temperatures of 265 K, the resulting ultrathin Tc films are dominated by almost upright-standing molecules. The molecular arrangement is very similar to the Tc bulk phase, with only a slightly higher average angle between the conjugated molecular plane normal and the surface normal (α) around 77°. Judging from carbon K-edge X-ray absorption spectra, the orientation of the Tc molecules are almost identical when grown on H–Si(111) and a-Si:H substrates as well as for (sub)mono- to several-monolayer coverages. Annealing to room temperature, however, changes the film structure toward a smaller α of about 63°. A detailed DFT-assisted analysis suggests that this structural transition is correlated with a lower packing density and requires a well-chosen amount of thermal energy. Therefore, we attribute the resulting structure to a distinct monolayer configuration that features less inclined, but still well-ordered molecules. The larger overlap with the substrate wave functions makes this arrangement attractive for an optimized interfacial electron transfer in SF-assisted silicon solar cells.
Effects of receptor clustering on ligand dissociation: Theory and simulations
Creators: name: Gopalakrishnan, Manoj
name: Forsten-Williams, Kimberly
name: Nugent, Matthew A.
name: Tauber, Uwe C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Receptor-ligand binding is a critical first step in signal transduction and the duration of the interaction can impact signal generation. In mammalian cells, clustering of receptors may be facilitated by heterogeneous zones of lipids, known as lipid rafts. In vitro experiments show that disruption of rafts significantly alters the dissociation of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) from heparan sulfate proteoglycans, co-receptors for FGF-2. In this paper, we develop a continuum stochastic formalism in order to (i) study how rebinding affects the dissociation of ligands from a planar substrate, and (ii) address the question of how receptor clustering influences ligand rebinding. We find that clusters reduce the effective dissociation rate dramatically when the clusters are dense and the overall surface density of receptors is low. The effect is much less pronounced in the case of high receptor density and shows non-monotonic behavior with time. These predictions are verified via lattice Monte Carlo simulations. Comparison with experimental results suggests that the theory does not capture the complete biological system. We speculate that additional co-operative mechanisms might be present in order to increase ligand retention, and present one possible ``internal diffusion'' model.
description: Expanded text and added figures, revised version to appear in Biophys. J