cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Images of Temporal Diversity at the Limits of Unstable Globalisation
Creators: name: BACON, JULIE
name: Transdisciplinary Imaging Conference 2020, Dark Eden
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 190104 Visual Cultures
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)

description: Technologies of speed, penetration and compression now enable images to be created, stored, mined, circulated and erased in new ways. Discoveries from astronomy to geology and computing expand human horizons while programmes of extractivism are prolonged in material, social and psychic worlds. The regime of data visualization that fuels contemporary science and markets alike naturalizes its authority over the representation of the present and the collective vision of species’ pasts and futures. Restrictions on our physical mobility and social habits in the current conditions of the pandemic confirm the vulnerability of our perceptual systems but also their capacity to transform.This paper envisages time beyond the exhausting and entropic image regimes that drive dominant forms of industrial and networked modernity. It does so through a series of studies of visual artworks featured in exhibitions that I have staged as artist-curator and initiator of The Habitat of Time (2018-). This international research project explores rapids shifts in our experience of time produced by the current conditions of unstable globalization. The durational, digital, sculptural and installation artworks explored in this paper have been presented at Arts Catalyst London (2020), Casula Powerhouse, Liverpool NSW (2018) and Artspace Sydney (2017). They demonstrate the ways in which artists conceive of new matterings of the image through their transdisciplinary research and speculative practice at the intersection of art, science and technology. In this expanded field, images show up as entanglements of material, social and perceptual forces, conveying the interdependency of human and more-than-human worlds.
National Power Grid Resilience Modeling
Creators: Z. Wang
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2019

2019 PES ISGT NA Panel Session
Recent extreme weather events have highlighted the importance and urgency of enhancing power grid resilience. Although resilience is generally recognized as the capability to anticipate, absorb, adapt to, and rapidly recover from disruptive events, there is not much consensus on the precise definition and quantitative measures for resilience. In this panel, we attempt to address resilience measures and modeling from a data analytics point of view. It will include a discussion on the fundamentals and some key ingredients in grid resilience by bringing perspectives from academia, research labs, industry, and governmental agencies. We hope to help our audience take the first crack at answering the following questions: What does grid resilience mean exactly? What are the metrics to evaluate resilience? What are the resilience enhancement strategies and how optimization and data analytics can help?
Efficient Scaling of Dynamic Graph Neural Networks
Creators: name: Chakaravarthy, Venkatesan T.
name: Pandian, Shivmaran S.
name: Raje, Saurabh
name: Sabharwal, Yogish
name: Suzumura, Toyotaro
name: Ubaru, Shashanka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6; C.2.4

description: We present distributed algorithms for training dynamic Graph Neural Networks (GNN) on large scale graphs spanning multi-node, multi-GPU systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first scaling study on dynamic GNN. We devise mechanisms for reducing the GPU memory usage and identify two execution time bottlenecks: CPU-GPU data transfer; and communication volume. Exploiting properties of dynamic graphs, we design a graph difference-based strategy to significantly reduce the transfer time. We develop a simple, but effective data distribution technique under which the communication volume remains fixed and linear in the input size, for any number of GPUs. Our experiments using billion-size graphs on a system of 128 GPUs shows that: (i) the distribution scheme achieves up to 30x speedup on 128 GPUs; (ii) the graph-difference technique reduces the transfer time by a factor of up to 4.1x and the overall execution time by up to 40%
description: Conference version to appear in the proceedings of SC'21
The Cosmic Microwave Background Spectrum and a Determination of Fractal Space Dimensionality
Creators: name: Caruso, Francisco
name: Oguri, Vitor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility to constrain fractal space dimensionality from Astrophysics and other areas is briefly reviewed. Assuming such dimensionality to be $3 + ε$, a limit to $ε$ can be inferred from COBE satellite data. The available data for the cosmic microwave background radiation spectrum are fitted by a Planck's radiation distribution generalized to non integer space dimensionality. Our analysis shows that the shape of the CMBR spectrum, which does not depend on the absolute normalization, is correctly described from this distribution provided the absolute temperature is equal to 2.726 $\pm$ $0.003\times 10^{-2}$ K and $ε= - (0.957 \pm 0.006) \times 10^{-5}$. This value for $ε$ is shown to be consistent with what is found on a very different spatial scale based on a quantum field phenomenon. The $|ε|$ is interpreted as an upper limit for how much space dimensionality could have deviated from three. In other words, this is the maximum fluctuation space dimensionality should have experienced in a spatial and temporal scale compared to that of the decoupling era.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
2019 IEEE General Meeting 8/7 Panel Presentation: Industrial Applications of Composite System Reliability Assessment Challenges and Prospects
Creators: M. Papic
A. Leite da Silva
P. Wang
G. Hamoud
L. Carvalho
E. Morquecho
A. P. Meliopoulos
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2019

2019 IEEE General Meeting 8/7 Panel Presentation: Industrial Applications of Composite System Reliability Assessment Challenges and Prospects
The product contains the following presentations:
1. Composite Power System Reliability Evaluation: Industry Perspective
2. New Challenges in Generation and Transmission Reliability Assessment via Monte Carlo Simulation
3. Spatial-Temporal Operational Reliability Evaluation of Composite Power Systems with High Penetration of Renewables
4. Composite Power System Reliability Assessment: Impacts of Renewables and Customer Flexibility
LAMOST Medium-Resolution Spectral Survey of Galactic Nebulae (LAMOST-MRS-N): Subtraction of Geocoronal Halpha Emission
Creators: name: Zhang, Wei
name: Wu, Hong
name: Wu, Chaojian
name: Ren, Juanjuan
name: Chen, Jianjun
name: Hsia, Chih-Hao
name: Wu, Yuzhong
name: Zhu, Hui
name: Shi, Jianrong
name: Bai, Zhongrui
name: Qi, Zhaoxiang
name: Zhao, Yongheng
name: Hou, Yonghui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a method of subtracting geocoronal Halpha emissions from the spectra of LAMOST medium-resolution spectral survey of Galactic nebulae (LAMOST-MRS-N). The flux ratios of the Halpha sky line to the adjacent OH lambda6554 single line do not show a pattern or gradient distribution in a plate. More interestingly, the ratio is well correlated to solar altitude, which is the angle of the sun relative to the Earth's horizon. It is found that the ratio decreases from 0.8 to 0.2 with the decreasing solar altitude from -17 to -73 degree. Based on this relation, which is described by a linear function, we can construct the Halpha sky component and subtract it from the science spectrum. This method has been applied to the LAMOST-MRS-N data, and the contamination level of the Halpha sky to nebula is reduced from 40% to less than 10%. The new generated spectra will significantly improve the accuracy of the classifications and the measurements of physical parameters of Galactic nebulae.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Where do social media and education meet? A closer look at understanding of democracy
Creators: name: Youn, Leeann H.
name: Nagao, Haruka
name: Hatungimana, William
name: Liu, Rigao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Social media presents a contradictory relationship with democracy. Once, it was regarded as a tool for democracy, providing alternative sources of information and coordinating social movements for democratization. Later it also became a tool for authoritarian regimes to control information and spread propaganda to stay in power. This mixed perception suggests that both democratic and authoritarian forces can use social media to influence public opinion. This presents a puzzle to the relationship between social media use and democratic understanding. Does social media promote or erode understanding of democracy? This study argues that the effect of social media use on understanding of democracy depends on higher education. The relationship also differs between democracies and non-democracies. Using the newest wave of the World Values Survey (wave 7, 2017–2020), this study analyses the influence of social media use on understanding of democracy in non-democracies and democracies. The findings suggest that social media use positively affects understanding of democracy in democratic countries. However, the democratic effect of social media is nullified in non-democracy unless it interacts with higher education. The findings offer implications for the relationship between social media, higher education, and understanding of democracy.
Mesospheric vertical thermal structure and winds on Venus from HHSMT CO spectral-line observations
Creators: name: Rengel, M.
name: Hartogh, P.
name: Jarchow, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report vertical thermal structure and wind velocities in the Venusian mesosphere retrieved from carbon monoxide (12CO J=2-1 and 13CO J=2-1) spectral line observations obtained with the Heinrich Hertz Submillimeter Telescope (HHSMT). We observed the mesosphere of Venus from two days after the second Messenger flyby of Venus (on June 5 2007 at 23:10 UTC) during five days. Day-to-day and day-to-night temperature variations and short-term fluctuations of the mesospheric zonal flow were evident in our data. The extensive layer of warm air detected recently by SPICAV at 90 - to 100 km altitude is also detected in the temperature profiles reported here. These data were part of a coordinated ground-based Venus observational campaign in support of the ESA Venus Express mission. Furthermore, this study attempts to cross-calibrate space- and ground-based observations, to constrain radiative transfer and retrieval algorithms for planetary atmospheres, and to contribute to a more thorough understanding of the global patterns of circulation of the Venusian atmosphere.
description: 35 pages, 18 figures. Shortcut URL to this page: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00320633
SponGES Policy Brief: Deep sea sponges: Biotechnology and the blue economy
Creators: name: FAO
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Sponges
Marine ecosystems
sustainable development
Uses
European Union (EU)
Horizon 2020
Grant Agreement No 679849
Deep-sea Sponge Grounds Ecosystems of the North Atlantic: an integrated approach towards their preservation and sustainable exploitation
SponGES

description: This SponGES project policy brief shows how deep-sea sponges represent a source of chemicals with potential pharmaceutical and industrial applications, and it discusses the knowledge gaps and challenges in unlocking their biotechnological potential.
2019 IEEE General Meeting 8/7 Panel Presentation: International Practices Used in Smart Grid for Smart City Application
Creators: F. Ding
A. Vaccaro
L. Zhao
Dr. W. Lee
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2019

2019 IEEE General Meeting Panel Presentation
As a result of information technology advancement and its deep integration with the electric power industry, smart grid forms a solid foundation to build smart city. Meanwhile, the construction of smart city will also greatly stimulate the enormous potential of smart grid. City managers must be fully aware of the potential of the smart grid, so that the smart urban construction can play an important role. It is expected that with the continuous advancement of technology, smart grid and smart city construction will mutually promote and facilitate each other. Electricity consumption and electricity load are a true reflection of the socio-economic health of a city. The selection of data mining technology to analyze the mass amount of data from smart grid to support decision making for the government to effectively reduce operating costs and improve operational efficiency of smart city will be one of the big issues. The speakers will present recent work on standards, recommendations and guidelines applied to smart grid for smart city application worldwide.
Design and Implementation of MIMO Transmission Based on Dual-Polarized Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface
Creators: name: Chen, Xiangyu
name: Ke, Jun Chen
name: Tang, Wankai
name: Chen, Ming Zheng
name: Dai, Jun Yan
name: Basar, Ertugrul
name: Jin, Shi
name: Cheng, Qiang
name: Cui, Tie Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signaling is one of the key technologies of current mobile communication systems. However, the complex and expensive radio frequency (RF) chains have always limited the increase of MIMO scale. In this paper, we propose a MIMO transmission architecture based on a dual-polarized reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), which can directly achieve modulation and transmission of multichannel signals without the need for conventional RF chains. Compared with previous works, the proposed architecture can improve the integration of RIS-based transmission systems. A prototype of the dual-polarized RIS-based MIMO transmission system is built and the experimental results confirm the feasibility of the proposed architecture. The dual-polarized RIS-based MIMO transmission architecture provides a promising solution for realizing low-cost ultra-massive MIMO towards future networks.
description: This work has been accepted by IEEE WCL
Cybersecurity -Late Breaking Developments at NIST
Creators: E. Miller
D. Weber
A. McNaull
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2019

2019 PES ISGT NA Panel Session
Threats are constantly evolving in the area of Cyber Security. For utilities these threats include potential attacks of traditional IT systems, OT (operational technology) and increasingly IoT (Internet of Things) as these technologies proliferate. NIST has a number of initiatives that can be used to help an organization address these threats. These initiatives are both Utility specific as well as cross-industry. These include the Cyber Security Framework (CSF), the Smart Grid Security Standards and the Smart Grid Interoperability Framework as well as the more recent IoT Cybersecurity and the Privacy Framework.
Quantum corrections to static solutions of Nahm equation and Sin-Gordon models via generalized zeta-function
Creators: name: Leble, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35-xx, 35Qxx

description: One-dimensional Yang-Mills Equations are considered from a point of view of a class of nonlinear Klein-Gordon-Fock models. The case of self-dual Nahm equations and non-self-dual models are discussed. A quasiclassical quantization of the models is performed by means of generalized zeta-function and its representation in terms of a Green function diagonal for a heat equation with the correspondent potential. It is used to evaluate the functional integral and quantum corrections to mass in the quasiclassical approximation. Quantum corrections to a few periodic (and kink) solutions of the Nahm as a particular case of the Ginzburg-Landau (phi-in-quadro) and and Sin-Gordon models are evaluated in arbitrary dimensions. The Green function diagonal for heat equation with a finite-gap potential is constructed by universal description via solutions of Hermit equation. An alternative approach based on Baker-Akhiezer functions for KP equation is proposed . The generalized zeta-function and its derivative at zero point as the quantum corrections to mass is expressed in terms of elliptic integrals.
description: Workshop Nonlinear Physics and Experiment; Gallipoli, 2008
Explaining judges’ opposition when judicial independence is undermined: insights from Poland, Romania, and Hungary
Creators: name: Puleo, Leonardo
name: Coman, Ramona
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Over the past decade, governing parties in Central and Eastern Europe have dismantled liberal democracy, violating the rule of law and limiting the power of judges. This article examines the opposition to these transformations, focusing on the role of judges in Poland, Hungary, and Romania. Drawing on an original survey, as well as a set of interviews with judges, the article shows that while in Poland judges have developed a unified opposition to the government in defending their independence, in Romania, in contrast, governmental measures have polarized judges into a divided opposition, while their mobilization has been rather non-existent in Hungary. Why do judges oppose governmental action limiting judicial independence in some contexts but not in others? The article shows that the nature and the sequencing of domestic transformations, coupled with ideational factors and interests-based calculations, explain judges’ opposition at the collective and individual levels.
29 MeV elastic scattering differential cross section ratio of 12C/13C
Creators: name: Gyles, William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The large fluxes of positive and negative pions available in meson factories over the last few years have lead to an accumulation of precise n-nuclear data over wide ranges in energy and atomic number. Little nuclear structure information has been extracted from the data since a microscopic model for the pion interaction in the nucleus is not fully developed. However the elastic scattering differential cross sections for. low energy pions are predicted well over a wide range of atomic mass using a potential in which some parameters are empirically derived., since the potential is semi-empirical some nuclear structure information can not reliably be derived directly from the data. Measurement of differences in the nuclear structure between neighbouring nuclides, however, should be reliable if the potential produces the correct variation of differential cross section in this mass region. In the experiment reported here the differential cross section ratio for elastic scattering of 29 MeV π- on ¹³C/¹²C is measured using scintillator range telescopes. Solid carbon targets of pressed powder were used. Since a relative measurement is made the errors in the ratio are only statistical. A large peak in the distribution of the cross section ratio is produced by changes in the s-p interference minimum between ¹²C and ¹³C. The cross section ratio is sensitive to the neutron distribution of ¹³C because of the large s-wave interaction of the pion with neutrons in the nucleus. A measurement of the neutron rms. radius of ¹³C and some tests of dependence on the shape of the neutron distribution and optical potential parameters are made. The neutron distribution rms. radius of ¹³C is found to be 2.365±.025 fm.
GM 2019 - Integrating Resiliency into Operational Practice
Creators: C. Liu
J. Monken
T. McJunkin
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2019

Technical Session
Emerging risks and computational advancements present opportunities to improve grid resiliency through adjusted, flexible and adaptive power grid operational practice. This panel will discuss existing and proposed operations schemes aimed at improving power system resiliency during extreme events. Additionally, panelists will highlight opportunities for operational resiliency improvements while addressing deficiencies in requisite coordination (between operators, operational support, crews, policy-makers, and others), data, and asset control to realize these opportunities. This panel will also discuss need and plan for integrating resilience into university curriculum.
SIFN: A Sentiment-aware Interactive Fusion Network for Review-based Item Recommendation
Creators: name: Zhang, Kai
name: Qian, Hao
name: Liu, Qi
name: Zhang, Zhiqiang
name: Zhou, Jun
name: Ma, Jianhui
name: Chen, Enhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent studies in recommender systems have managed to achieve significantly improved performance by leveraging reviews for rating prediction. However, despite being extensively studied, these methods still suffer from some limitations. First, previous studies either encode the document or extract latent sentiment via neural networks, which are difficult to interpret the sentiment of reviewers intuitively. Second, they neglect the personalized interaction of reviews with user/item, i.e., each review has different contributions when modeling the sentiment preference of user/item. To remedy these issues, we propose a Sentiment-aware Interactive Fusion Network (SIFN) for review-based item recommendation. Specifically, we first encode user/item reviews via BERT and propose a light-weighted sentiment learner to extract semantic features of each review. Then, we propose a sentiment prediction task that guides the sentiment learner to extract sentiment-aware features via explicit sentiment labels. Finally, we design a rating prediction task that contains a rating learner with an interactive and fusion module to fuse the identity (i.e., user and item ID) and each review representation so that various interactive features can synergistically influence the final rating score. Experimental results on five real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed model is superior to state-of-the-art models.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
2019 IEEE General Meeting 8/7 Panel Presentation: Cyber-Physical Situational Awareness for the Power Grid – Opportunities and Challenges
Creators: D. Faatz
B. Pham
K. Sloan
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2019

2019 IEEE General Meeting 8/7 Panel Presentation: Cyber-Physical Situational Awareness for the Power Grid � Opportunities and Challenges
Situational awareness is a critical component of power grid operations to ensure security and reliability under an uncertain and constantly evolving threat landscape. This entails not only knowing the current state of various cyber and physical assets, but also involves obtaining actionable intelligence to identify how specific events could adversely impact grid operations, for the purposes of identifying suitable mitigation during operation and guiding attack prevention strategies for the future. This panel will bring together subject matter experts from diverse backgrounds, including government entities, national labs, utilities, vendors, and academia to discuss policy, research & development, current implementations, and future directions to address this area of critical need
FUSE spectroscopy of sdOB primary of the post common-envelope binary LB 3459 (AA Dor)
Creators: name: Fleig, Johannes
name: Rauch, Thomas
name: Werner, Klaus
name: Kruk, Jeffrey W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: LB 3459 (AA Dor) is an eclipsing, close, post common-envelope binary consisting of an sdOB primary star and an unseen secondary with an extraordinarly low mass - formally a brown dwarf. A recent NLTE spectral analysis shows a discrepancy with the surface gravity, which is derived from analyses of radial-velocity and lightcurves. We aim at precisely determing of the photospheric parameters of the primary, especially of the surface gravity, and searching for weak metal lines in the far UV. We performed a detailed spectral analysis of the far-UV spectrum of LB 3459 obtained with FUSE by means of state-of-the-art NLTE model-atmosphere techniques. A strong contamination of the far-UV spectrum of LB 3459 by interstellar line absorption hampers a precise determination of the photospheric properties of its primary star. Its effective temperature (42 kK) was confirmed by the evaluation of new ionization equilibria. For the first time, phosphorus and sulfur have been identified in the spectrum of LB 3459. Their photospheric abundances are solar and 0.01 times solar, respectively. From the C III 1174-1177A multiplet, we can measure the rotational velocity of 35 +/- 5 km/sec of the primary of LB 3459 and confirm that the rotation is bound. From a re-analysis of optical and UV spectra, we determine a higher log g = 5.3 (cgs) that reduces the discrepancy in mass determination in comparison to analyses of radial-velocity and lightcurves. However, the problem is not completely solved.
description: 10 pages, 15 figures
The magnetic environment in the central region of nearby galaxies
Creators: name: Lang, Cornelia C.
name: Drout, Maria R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The central regions of galaxies harbor some of the most extreme physical phenomena, including dense stellar clusters, non-circular motions of molecular clouds and strong and pervasive magnetic field structures. In particular, radio observations have shown that the central few hundred parsecs of our Galaxy has a striking magnetic field configuration. It is not yet clear whether these magnetic structures are unique to our Milky Way or a common feature of all similar galaxies. Therefore, we report on (a) a new radio polarimetric survey of the central 200 pc of the Galaxy to better characterize the magnetic field structure and (b) a search for large-scale and organized magnetized structure in the nuclear regions of nearby galaxies using data from the Very Large Array (VLA) archive. The high angular resolution of the VLA allows us to study the central 1 kpc of the nearest galaxies to search for magnetized nuclear features similar to what is detected in our own Galactic center. Such magnetic features play a important role in the nuclear regions of galaxies in terms of gas transport and the physical conditions of the interstellar medium in this unusual region of galaxies.
description: 8 pages; Proceedings for "The Universe under the Microscope" (AHAR 2008), held in Bad Honnef (Germany) in April 2008, to be published in Journal of Physics: Conference Series by Institute of Physics Publishing, R. Schoedel, A. Eckart, S. Pfalzner, and E. Ros (eds.)
Dark Matter annihilations in Pop III stars
Creators: name: Taoso, Marco
name: Bertone, Gianfranco
name: Meynet, Georges
name: Ekstrom, Sylvia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the impact of the capture and annihilation of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) on the evolution of Pop III stars. With a suitable modification of the Geneva stellar evolution code, we study the evolution of 20 and 200 M$_\odot$ stars in Dark Matter Haloes with densities between 10$^{8}$ and $10^{11}$ GeV/cm$^3$ during the core H-burning phase, and, for selected cases, until the end of the core He-burning phase. We find that for WIMP densities higher than 5.3 $10^{10}(σ^{SD}_p/10^{-38} {cm}^2)^{-1}$ GeV cm$^{-3}$ the core H-burning lifetime of $20 M_{\odot}$ and $200 M_{\odot}$ stars exceeds the age of the Universe, and stars are sustained only by WIMP annihilations. We determine the observational properties of these `frozen` objects and show that they can be searched for in the local Universe thanks to their anomalous mass-radius relation, which should allow unambiguous discrimination from normal stars.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Market and Policy Considerations in Facilitating Innovation and Enabling a Flexible and Resilient Grid
Creators: T. Pierpoint
J. Calabrese
M. Sullivan
P. Hibbar
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2019

2019 PES ISGT NA Panel Session

Today's interconnected grid system is the outgrowth of market forces that have evolved over time, resulting in several different local and regional markets intermeshed with different levels of policy and regulation. As we develop a future resilient and secure electric grid, we have the opportunity to evolve our market and regulatory structure and enable the introduction of new technologies, agile and flexible grid topologies, dramatically different business models, and greater consumer involvement in energy decisions. Just as our grid functions at different levels, these market and policy structures will have to interact and align at different levels throughout the country, addressing federal, state, and even local needs.

Market and Policy, at all levels of government and industry, will likely be heavily shaped and influenced by major events that are currently unfolding:

Many utilities continue to operate, and even struggle, with a legacy business model. This approach can narrow customer offerings, limit utility relevance and hamper utility growth. We will hear from a progressive rural coop that is developing new and innovative business models for both renewables and broadband internet

The challenging wildfire seasons in the West are a reminder that energized, downed conductors are an ongoing and major risk for all utilities. The public hazards will likely lead to policy impacts at State, Federal and Local levels. We will hear from an industry practitioner on these changes, including current and emerging technologies that might be employed for prevention and detection

The North American electric grid is a complex machine that enables modern society. Each and every individual component that makes up this machine must be tracked and managed. We will hear from an industry expert on some of the latest developments in Work and Asset Management

Puerto Rico's continuing struggle to recover from Hurricane Maria provides a sober reminder of the importance of a resilient and strong electric grid, not only in Puerto Rico but across the entire U.S. We will hear from a senior Utility executive who was "on the ground" to assess the grid shortly following the hurricane.

We will hear an expert on the outlook for resilience in electricity generation and distribution including the roles of energy markets, new technologies, needed infrastructure, energy storage, and renewables.
Resonance solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in an open double-well potential
Creators: name: Rapedius, K.
name: Korsch, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The resonance states and the decay dynamics of the nonlinear Schrödinger (or Gross-Pitaevskii) equation are studied for a simple, however flexible model system, the double delta-shell potential. This model allows analytical solutions and provides insight into the influence of the nonlinearity on the decay dynamics. The bifurcation scenario of the resonance states is discussed, as well as their dynamical stability properties. A discrete approximation using a biorthogonal basis is suggested which allows an accurate description even for only two basis states in terms of a nonlinear, nonhermitian matrix problem.
description: 21 pages, 14 figures
Electrical power generation from standing shock waves
Creators: name: Pearson, John Beverly
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Standing shock waves in a supersonic flow field produce density gradients across which an electrical potential is established. If electrodes are mounted upstream and downstream of the standing shock, an electrical current can be extracted. The electrical power output by such a system (called a bow shock generator) has been measured. To produce the supersonic flow an overdriven detonation shock tube, capable of producing Mach 12 shocks in 5 Torr argon, was constructed and used as a short duration supersonic wind tunnel. The open circuit voltage of a single bow shock generator with a 2 cm electrode separation was measured to be 0.95 V, and the maximum power output to 53 mW. By reducing the electrode separation to 1 cm the maximum power output was increased to 90 mW, while the open circuit voltage remained unchanged. It was found that when two bow shock generators are mounted side by side in the flow a parallel connection of their outputs produced a small increase in current. However no increase in output voltage was observed when the generators were connected in series. It was also found that when an oblique shock and its reflection from the wall were connected together in series, the output voltage was less than that of the oblique shock alone. However this was likely due to a short circuit path between the electrodes through the boundary layer. Some of the measurements were inconclusive due to an insufficiently long test time. A preliminary analysis was done on a system in which a set of bow shock generators is used as a topping system for a conventional electrical generation system. It was shown that the bow shock generators must be operated at very low Mach numbers if they are to be efficient in this application.
Ruan's conjecture and integral structures in quantum cohomology
Creators: name: Iritani, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This is an expository article on the recent studies of Ruan's crepant resolution/flop conjecture and its possible relations to the K-theory integral structure in quantum cohomology.
description: 38 pages; Submitted to the proceedings of the conference "New developments in Algebraic Geometry, Integrable Systems and Mirror symmetry" held at RIMS, January, 2008
Conformal transformations and conformal invariance in gravitation
Creators: name: Dabrowski, Mariusz P.
name: Garecki, Janusz
name: Blaschke, David B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conformal transformations are frequently used tools in order to study relations between various theories of gravity and the Einstein relativity. In this paper we discuss the rules of these transformations for geometric quantities as well as for the matter energy-momentum tensor. We show the subtlety of the matter energy-momentum conservation law which refers to the fact that the conformal transformation "creates" an extra matter term composed of the conformal factor which enters the conservation law. In an extreme case of the flat original spacetime the matter is "created" due to work done by the conformal transformation to bend the spacetime which was originally flat. We discuss how to construct the conformally invariant gravity theories and also find the conformal transformation rules for the curvature invariants $R^2$, $R_{ab}R^{ab}$, $R_{abcd}R^{abcd}$ and the Gauss-Bonnet invariant in a spacetime of an arbitrary dimension. Finally, we present the conformal transformation rules in the fashion of the duality transformations of the superstring theory. In such a case the transitions between conformal frames reduce to a simple change of the sign of a redefined conformal factor.
description: REVTEX 4, 28 pages, no figures, version to match a published paper
Interaction Effects in Conductivity of a Two-Valley Electron System in High-Mobility Si Inversion Layers
Creators: name: Klimov, N. N.
name: Knyazev, D. A.
name: Omel'yanovskii, O. E.
name: Pudalov, V. M.
name: Kojima, H.
name: Gershenson, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the conductivity of high-mobility (001) Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) over wide ranges of electron densities n=(1.8-15)x10^11cm^2, temperatures T=30mK-4.2K, and in-plane magnetic fields B=0-5T. The experimental data have been analyzed using the theory of interaction effects in the conductivity of disordered 2D systems. The parameters essential for comparison with the theory, such as the intervalley scattering time and valley splitting, have been measured or evaluated in independent experiments. The observed behavior of the conductivity, including its quasi-linear increase with decreasing T down to ~0.4K and its downturn at lower temperatures, is in agreement with the theory. The values of the Fermi- liquid parameter obtained from the comparison agree with the corresponding values extracted from the analysis of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations based on the theory of magnetooscillations in interacting 2D systems.
description: 26 pages, 5 color figures
Unconditional Security of Single-Photon Differential Phase Shift Quantum Key Distribution
Creators: name: Wen, Kai
name: Tamaki, Kiyoshi
name: Yamamoto, Yoshihisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter, we prove the unconditional security of single-photon differential phase shift quantum key distribution (DPS-QKD) protocol, based on the conversion to an equivalent entanglement-based protocol. We estimate the upper bound of the phase error rate from the bit error rate, and show that DPS-QKD can generate unconditionally secure key when the bit error rate is not greater than 4.12%. This proof is the first step to the unconditional security proof of coherent state DPS-QKD.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures; shorten the length, improve clarity, and correct typos; accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Frequency spectra of cosmic ray air shower radio emission measured with LOPES
Creators: name: Nigl, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: AIMS: We wish to study the spectral dependence of the radio emission from cosmic-ray air showers around 100 PeV (1017 eV). METHODS: We observe short radio pulses in a broad frequency band with the dipole-interferometer LOPES (LOFAR Prototype Station), which is triggered by a particle detector array named Karlsruhe Shower Core and Array Detector (KASCADE). LOFAR is the Low Frequency Array. For this analysis, 23 strong air shower events are selected using parameters from KASCADE. RESULTS: The resulting electric field spectra fall off to higher frequencies. An average electric field spectrum is fitted with an exponential, or alternatively, with a power law. The spectral slope obtained is not consistent within uncertainties and it is slightly steeper than the slope obtained from Monte Carlo simulations based on air showers simulated with CORSIKA (Cosmic Ray Simulations for KASCADE). One of the strongest events was measured during thunderstorm activity in the vicinity of LOPES and shows the longest pulse length measured of 110 ns and a spectral slope of -3.6. CONCLUSIONS: We show with two different methods that frequency spectra from air shower radio emission can be reconstructed on event-by-event basis, with only two dozen dipole antennae simultaneously over a broad range of frequencies. According to the obtained spectral slopes, the maximum power is emitted below 40 MHz. Furthermore, the decrease in power to higher frequencies indicates a loss in coherence determined by the shower disc thickness. We conclude that a broader bandwidth, larger collecting area, and longer baselines, as will be provided by LOFAR, are necessary to further investigate the relation of the coherence, pulse length, and spectral slope of cosmic ray air showers.
description: 13 pages, 21 figures. Nigl, A. et al. (LOPES Collaboration), Frequency spectra of cosmic ray air shower radio emission measured with LOPES, accepted by A&A on 17/06/2008
Forward Production of Protons and Pions in Heavy-ion Collisions
Creators: name: Hwa, Rudolph C.
name: Zhu, Li-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of forward production of hadrons in heavy-ion collision at RHIC is revisited with modification of the theoretical treatment on the one hand and with the use of new data on the other. The basic formalism for hadronization remains the same as before, namely, recombination, but the details of momentum degradation and quark regeneration are improved. Recent data on the p/pi and pbar/p ratios are used to constrain the value of the degradation parameter. The p_T spectrum of the average charged particles is well reproduced. A prediction on the p_T dependence of the pbar/p ratio at eta=3.2 is made.
description: 17 pages in LaTeX including 5 figures in eps
Engineering molecular aggregate spectra
Creators: name: Malyshev, A. V.
name: Malyshev, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that optical properties of linear molecular aggregates undergo drastic changes when aggregates are deposited on a metal surface. The dipole-dipole interactions of monomers with their images can result in strong {re-structuring of both the exciton band and the absorption spectrum, depending on the arrangement of the monomer transition dipoles with respect to the surface.
description: 4 two-column pages, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Excitonic Processes in Condensed Matter, June 22-27, Kyoto, Japan
Canonical integral structures on the de Rham cohomology of curves
Creators: name: Cais, Bryden
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F40 (Primary), 11G20, 14F30, 14G20, 14H25 (Secondary)

description: For a smooth and proper curve X over the fraction field K of a discrete valuation ring R, we explain (under very mild hypotheses) how to equip the de Rham cohomology H^1_{dR}(X/K) with a canonical integral structure: i.e. an R-lattice which is functorial in finite (generically etale) K-morphisms of X and which is preserved by the cup-product auto-duality on H^1_{dR}(X/K). Our construction of this lattice uses a certain class of normal proper models of X and relative dualizing sheaves. We show that our lattice naturally contains the lattice furnished by the (truncated) de Rham complex of a regular proper R-model of X and that the index for this inclusion of lattices is a numerical invariant of X (we call it the de Rham conductor). Using work of Bloch and Liu-Saito, we prove that the de Rham conductor of X is bounded above by the Artin conductor, and bounded below by the Efficient conductor. We then study how the position of our canonical lattice inside the de Rham cohomology of X is affected by finite extension of scalars.
description: 35 pages. See also http://www.math.mcgill.ca/bcais/index.html
Optical Properties of Interstellar Dust around the Orion A Molecular Cloud
Creators: name: Uehara, Hayato
name: Dobashi, Kazuhito
name: Nishiura, Shingo
name: Shimoikura, Tomomi
name: Naoi, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied optical properties of interstellar dust around the Orion A molecular cloud to investigate the size distribution and the composition of dust grains. Orion A is one of the most studied molecular clouds in the solar vicinity ($d \simeq 400\ \rm{pc}$). In this paper, we used optical and near-infrared photometric data. The optical data were obtained by $BVRI$ bands imaging observations. The near-infrared data consisting of $JHK_{S}$ bands were taken from 2MASS point source catalog. We produced some color excess maps around Orion A, and measured their ratios such as $E(R-I)/E(B-V)$. In order to investigate dust properties, we compared the observed ratios with results of simulation performed by Naoi T. et al. (2021) who calculated the extinction in the optical to near-infrared wavelengths based on a standard dust model; they assumed a power-law grain-size distribution with an upper cutoff radius and assumed $graphite$ and $silicate$ as dominant components. As a result, we found that the upper cutoff radius around Orion A is $\simeq 0.3$ $\rmμ$m, and $silicate$ predominates compared with $graphite$ (with the fraction of $silicate$ grater than $93$ %). In addition, we further derived the total-to-selective extinction ratio $R_{V}$ from the observed extinction of $A_{V}$ and the color excess $E(B-V)$, and compared it with the model calculations. Dust properties (i.e., the upper cutoff radius and the ratio of $graphite/silicate$) derived from $R_{V}$ is almost consistent with those derived from the color excess ratios.
description: Accepted by The Astrophysical Journal, 21 pages, 11 figures, 6 tables
The development of generalized synchronization on complex networks
Creators: name: Guan, Shuguang
name: Wang, Xingang
name: Gong, Xiaofeng
name: Li, Kun
name: Lai, C. -H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the development of generalized synchronization (GS) on typical complex networks, such as scale-free networks, small-world networks, random networks and modular networks. By adopting the auxiliary-system approach to networks, we show that GS can take place in oscillator networks with both heterogeneous and homogeneous degree distribution, regardless of whether the coupled chaotic oscillators are identical or nonidentical. For coupled identical oscillators on networks, we find that there exists a general bifurcation path from initial non-synchronization to final global complete synchronization (CS) via GS as the coupling strength is increased. For coupled nonidentical oscillators on networks, we further reveal how network topology competes with the local dynamics to dominate the development of GS on networks. Especially, we analyze how different coupling strategies affect the development of GS on complex networks. Our findings provide a further understanding for the occurrence and development of collective behavior in complex networks.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures