cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Electron EDM searches based on alkali or alkaline earth bearing molecules
Creators: name: Meyer, Edmund R.
name: Bohn, John L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce four new molecules -- YbRb, YbCs, YbSr$^+$, and YbBa$^+$ -- that may prove fruitful in experimental searches for the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the electron. These molecules can, in principle, be prepared at extremely low temperatures by photoassociating ultracold atoms, and therefore may present an advantage over molecular beam experiments. Here we discuss properties of these molecules and assess the effective electric fields they contribute to an electron EDM measurement.
description: 7 pages, two column format, 5 figures,re-submitted to Phys. Rev. A with modifications
title: A Monte Carlo Study of Non-Linear Regression Theory
Creators: name: Liu, Ya-ming
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1966

description: Multiple regression provides the capability of using non-linear functions to fit various curvilinear surfaces. These non-linear functions are, however, linear in the parameters. Non-linear term of the variables such as x2 , x2 , ln X, X, YX are incorporated in a linear model. For example:
Y = b0 + b1x1 +b2x2 + b3lnx2 + ϵ
Many practical situations require the fitting of mathematical functions which are non-linear in the parameters and perhaps the variables. For example:
Y = b, eb2x + ϵ
The Modified Gauss-Newton Method (Hartley, 1961) provides a solution to fitting models of this kind to data situations where the deviations from the model may be appreciable. The solution requires an iterative procedure which is straight forward from a theoretical point of view, but for which many problems may arise computationally.
The laborious computations are best carried out using a high speed computer. The several computor programs that have been developed (Gauss, 1957; Booth and Peterson, 1958; and Marquardt, 1964) all have the failing of "blowing up" with certain data sets and models. This generally takes the form of an exponent underflow or overflow (see Note 6). Excessive numbers of iterations may also be required.
The statistical properties of the estimators have been undertain. Hartley and Booker (1965) give equations for the variances and covar­iances of the estimators which are said to be asymptotically correct.
This paper concerns the efficiency of Hartley's modifications. Some extra modifications which have proved necessary are also derived.
The Monte Carlo study of the distributional properties of the estimators is discussed.
title: Hydrogeology and Hydrochemistry of the East-Central Portion of The Salt Lake Valley, Utah, as Applied to Wellhead Protection in a Confined To Semiconfined Aquifer
Creators: name: Gadt, Jeff W.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1994

description: The Safe Drinking Water Act includes provisions for state wellhead protection programs which address wellhead protection areas. In Utah, these areas are called drinking water source protection (DWSP) zones. Zones Two and Three are delineated according to analytical or numerical techniques, which are based on hydrogeological and time-of-travel data, as well as recharge information, accumulated through the use of hydrogeologic and hydrochemical techniques. The primary conclusions of this research are:
1) A fence diagram and site hydrostratigraphic diagram show that the hydrogeology is more complex than previously has been thought . The principal aquifer at the target well site comprises a sequence of mostly coarse-grained units interspersed with thinner fine-grained units. The supposedly unconfined shallow aquifer is confined in most parts of the valley, including the target well site. 2) The recovery rate of water levels in the monitor wells in response to pumping of the target well indicates that horizontal groundwater flow velocities are low at the target well site. X 3) Interpretation of major ions relative to the depth of uppermost open interval of the various sample wells indicates that the deeper of the three major water-bearing zones (below 300 to 350 feet [91 to 107 meters]) is not well connected to the upper two zones. 4) The chemical evolution of the water along the westernmost of three discrete flowpaths indicates a change from young calcium bicarbonate water to moderately mature sodium-sulfate water. 5) Sample waters recharged from the northern Wasatch Mountains have higher total-dissolved-solids (TDS) contents then sample waters recharged from the southern Wasatch Mountains . 6) The discrepancy between many of the δ18O, δD, and tritium data as to the probable recharge area(s) indicate that the sample wells must be evaluated on an individual basis regarding the source of recharge water. 7) The tritium data demonstrate that those wells located farthest out into the valley or having the deepest uppermost open interval furnish the lowest tritium values. 8) Based on the 14C dating technique , the groundwater at the target well site appears to be between 1300 and 5300 years old. 9) There is little risk of contamination at the target well site, in terns of the 15-year time-of-travel DWSP zone (Zone 3).
Data for dating in the dark: Elevated substitution rates in cave cockroaches (Blattodea: Nocticolidae) have negative impacts on molecular date estimates
Creators: name: Kovacs, Toby
name: Walker, James
name: Hellemans, Simon
name: Bourguignon, Thomas
name: Tatarnic, Nikolai
name: McRae, Jane
name: Ho, Simon
name: Lo, Nathan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Nocticolidae
ultraconserved elements
molecular dating
divergence times
among-lineage rate heterogeneity
clock models
flexible local clock

description: Rates of nucleotide substitution vary substantially across the Tree of Life, with potentially confounding effects on phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses. A large acceleration in mitochondrial substitution rate occurs in the cockroach family Nocticolidae, which predominantly inhabit subterranean environments. To evaluate the impacts of this among-lineage rate heterogeneity on estimates of phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary timescales, we analysed nuclear ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and mitochondrial genomes from nocticolids and other cockroaches. Substitution rates were substantially elevated in nocticolid lineages compared with other cockroaches, especially in mitochondrial protein-coding genes. This disparity in evolutionary rates is likely to have led to different evolutionary relationships being supported by mitochondrial genomes and UCE loci. Furthermore, analyses using relaxed-clock models inferred much deeper divergence times compared with a flexible local clock. Our phylogenetic analysis of UCEs, which is the first genome-scale study to include all nine major cockroach families, unites Corydiidae and Nocticolidae and places Anaplectidae as the sister lineage to the rest of Blattoidea. We uncover an extraordinary level of genetic divergence in Nocticolidae, including two highly distinct clades that separated ~115 million years ago despite both containing representatives of the genus Nocticola. The results of our study highlight the potential impacts of high among-lineage rate variation on estimates of phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary timescales.
description: To view the tree files we recommend using FigTree: https://github.com/rambaut/figtree/releases

I would open the 16S or mtPCG alignments in MEGA https://www.megasoftware.net/ or Seqotron https://github.com/4ment/seqotron/ 

I would avoid opening the alignment of UCEs, just let them be. 

Missing data code in PhyloMAd output files: NA
Funding provided by: Australian Research CouncilCrossref Funder Registry ID: https://ror.org/05mmh0f86Award Number: DP220103265
Funding provided by: The Linnean Society of New South WalesCrossref Funder Registry ID: https://ror.org/021mnqw37Award Number: The Joyce W. Vickery Research Fund
title: Paleoenvironmental and Stratigraphic Interpretation of the Middle Cambrian Ute Formation, Northern Utah
Creators: name: Eagan, Keith E.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1996

description: The Middle Cambrian Ute Formation includes some 200 m of cyclically alternating carbonates and mud rocks. These are arranged in eight to nine, meter-scale, shallowing-upwards packages, representing deposition under predominantly subtidal conditions. The packages consist of vertical sequences of shale, silty limestone, oncolitic packstone, and oolitic grainstone that exhibit little variance in this general pattern. Small-scale unconformities separate the packages. The inferred depositional environment consists of an intrashelf basin that has a peritidal platform near its margins. The craton, which supplied most of the terrigenous sediment, was situated to the south (Cambrian orientation), and located near the equator. One cycle includes a stromatolite biostrome that is distributed across more than 1500 km2 in northern Utah and southern Idaho. Stromatolites range from mound-like to club-shaped to columnar and reach up to 2 min vertical dimension, and 0.15 min diameter.
These large columnar structures were apparently established just basinward of an oolitic shoal. These ancient stromatolites, which are in many ways similar to those stromatolites recently reported from the Bahamas, contain many clues that suggest that they grew in normal marine conditions. These findings require a rethinking of the commonly held belief that Phanerozoic columnar stromatolites are indicators of restricted, hypersaline conditions. Analysis of several orders of laminae in Ute Formation stromatolites indicates periodicity in accumulation from which yearly accumulation rates may be inferred. Values obtained for growth rate range from 4.39-4.88 cm/yr. Such rates of accumulation are in accord with those documented for ancient stromatolites from the Bitter Springs Formation. Thus, even considering the occurrence of hiatal surfaces within the stromatolites, the duration of the columnar-stromatolite horizon probably encompasses 10-2 - 10-3 yr.
The biostrome's position in the sequence of cycles and the changes in stromatolite morphology across depositional dip suggest that the biostrome may be essentially isochronous across its outcrop area and, thus, may be viewed as a bioevent horizon. The stromatolites also contribute to a better understanding of the paleogeography of the study area during the Middle Cambrian by providing information on relative energy levels and flow directions. (212 pages)
Signals of New Physics in the Underlying Event
Creators: name: Harnik, Roni
name: Wizansky, Tommer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: LHC searches for new physics focus on combinations of hard physics objects. In this work we propose a qualitatively different soft signal for new physics at the LHC - the "anomalous underlying event". Every hard LHC event will be accompanied by a soft underlying event due to QCD and pile-up effects. Though it is often used for QCD and monte carlo studies, here we propose the incorporation of an underlying event analysis in some searches for new physics. An excess of anomalous underlying events may be a smoking-gun signal for particular new physics scenarios such as "quirks" or "hidden valleys" in which large amounts of energy may be emitted by a large multiplicity of soft particles. We discuss possible search strategies for such soft diffuse signals in the tracking system and calorimetry of the LHC experiments. We present a detailed study of the calorimetric signal in a concrete example, a simple quirk model motivated by folded supersymmetry. In these models the production and radiative decay of highly excited quirk bound states leads to an "antenna pattern" of soft unclustered energy. Using a dedicated simulation of a toy detector and a "CMB-like" multipole analysis we compare the signal to the expected backgrounds.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures
Semantic Construction Grammar: Bridging the NL / Logic Divide
Creators: name: Schneider, Dave
name: Witbrock, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we discuss Semantic Construction Grammar (SCG), a system developed over the past several years to facilitate translation between natural language and logical representations. Crucially, SCG is designed to support a variety of different methods of representation, ranging from those that are fairly close to the NL structure (e.g. so-called 'logical forms'), to those that are quite different from the NL structure, with higher-order and high-arity relations. Semantic constraints and checks on representations are integral to the process of NL understanding with SCG, and are easily carried out due to the SCG's integration with Cyc's Knowledge Base and inference engine.
Data for dating in the dark: Elevated substitution rates in cave cockroaches (Blattodea: Nocticolidae) have negative impacts on molecular date estimates
Creators: name: Kovacs, Toby
name: Walker, James
name: Hellemans, Simon
name: Bourguignon, Thomas
name: Tatarnic, Nikolai
name: McRae, Jane
name: Ho, Simon
name: Lo, Nathan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Rates of nucleotide substitution vary substantially across the Tree of Life, with potentially confounding effects on phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses. A large acceleration in mitochondrial substitution rate occurs in the cockroach family Nocticolidae, which predominantly inhabit subterranean environments. To evaluate the impacts of this among-lineage rate heterogeneity on estimates of phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary timescales, we analysed nuclear ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and mitochondrial genomes from nocticolids and other cockroaches. Substitution rates were substantially elevated in nocticolid lineages compared with other cockroaches, especially in mitochondrial protein-coding genes. This disparity in evolutionary rates is likely to have led to different evolutionary relationships being supported by mitochondrial genomes and UCE loci. Furthermore, analyses using relaxed-clock models inferred much deeper divergence times compared with a flexible local clock. Our phylogenetic analysis of UCEs, which is the first genome-scale study to include all nine major cockroach families, unites Corydiidae and Nocticolidae and places Anaplectidae as the sister lineage to the rest of Blattoidea. We uncover an extraordinary level of genetic divergence in Nocticolidae, including two highly distinct clades that separated ~115 million years ago despite both containing representatives of the genus Nocticola. The results of our study highlight the potential impacts of high among-lineage rate variation on estimates of phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary timescales.
description: To view the tree files we recommend using FigTree: https://github.com/rambaut/figtree/releases I would open the 16S or mtPCG alignments in MEGA https://www.megasoftware.net/ or Seqotron https://github.com/4ment/seqotron/ I would avoid opening the alignment of UCEs, just let them be. Missing data code in PhyloMAd output files: NAFunding provided by: Australian Research Council
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000923
Award Number: DP220103265Funding provided by: Linnean Society of NSW
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100012520
Award Number: The Joyce W. Vickery Research Fund
Auswahl Pareto-optimaler Modelle zur statistischen Korrektur von Abflussvorhersagen
Creators: name: Pinzinger, Robert
Publisher: name: Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde, Koblenz
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Water resources research

description: Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung / BfG – Jahrgang: 58.2014,2 - ISSN 1439-1783
title: Sedimentology, Facies Architecture, and Reservoir Characterization of Lacustrine Rocks, Eocene Green River and Colton Formations, Uinta Basin, Utah
Creators: name: Taylor, Andrew W.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2002

description: Outcrop and petrographic studies of the Eocene Green River and Colton formations in the Uinta basin, Utah, document the facies architecture and heterogeneity characteristic of lacustrine reservoirs. A southwest-northeast transect of Eocene strata in the Uinta basin records three main marginal lacustrine depositional environments: fluvial, deltaic, and wave-dominated. Heterogeneity exists between and within individual depositional systems.
Reservoir rocks of Outcrops One and Two (the flu vial facies of the Colton Formation and the deltaic facies of the Green River Formation, respectively) consist of 2 to 18 m thick lenticular, tabular, or undulatory channel-fill, distributary channel, and distributary mouth bar deposits that are partially to entirely compartmentalized, or encased, by mudstone units. These reservoir analog intervals are dominated by large­ scale heterogeneity, in that sand bodies show a variety of connectivity and lateral continuity. Small-scale heterogeneity exists within these sand bodies in the form of mud chip lag surfaces, large mud clast horizons, and discontinuous finer-grained beds. These features add complexity to the systems by reducing flow transmissibility or acting as flow baffles. The complex heterogeneity characteristic of these reservoir analogs confirms the need for detailed reservoir characterization studies on all scales in order to improve exploration and production efficiency in such systems.
Outcrop Three (the wave-dominated facies of the Green River Formation) is dominated by thinner (2 to 4 m) tabular and laterally extensive offshore bar deposits that are compartmentalized by mudstone units. Large-scale heterogeneity is minimized in these reservoir analogs, in that sand bodies exhibit excellent lateral continuity and less complex amalgamation. Therefore, documentation of the smaller-scale heterogeneities (similar to those mentioned in the previous two outcrops) is necessary to better address exploration and production potential in these types of reservoirs.
Data collected in this study were utilized in geostatistical simulations and fluid flow models in an attempt to document the effects of reservoir heterogeneity on hydrocarbon exploration and production efficiency in lacustrine basins. Further studies of this type are necessary if predictable classification systems and hierarchies of bounding surfaces are to be derived for lacustrine reservoirs. (152 pages)
$O$-operators on associative algebras and associative Yang-Baxter equations
Creators: name: Bai, Chengming
name: Guo, Li
name: Ni, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 16W99, 17A30, 57R56

description: We introduce the concept of an extended O-operator that generalizes the well-known concept of a Rota-Baxter operator. We study the associative products coming from these operators and establish the relationship between extended O-operators and the associative Yang-Baxter equation, extended associative Yang-Baxter equation and generalized Yang-Baxter equation.
description: 28 pages
title: The Fundamental Groups of the Complements of Some Solid Horned Spheres
Creators: name: Riebe, Norman William
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1968

description: One of the methods used for the construction of the classical Alexander horned sphere leads naturally to generalization to horned spheres of higher order. Let M2, denote the Alexander horned sphere. This is a 2-horned sphere of order 2. Denote by M 3 and M4, two 2-horned spheres of orders 3 and 4, respectively, constructed by such a generalization.
The fundamental groups of the complements of M2, M3, and M4 are derived, and representations of these groups onto the Alternating Group, A5, are found. The form of the presentations of these fundamental groups leads to a more general class of groups, denoted by Gk, k ≥ 2. A set of homomorphisms ϴkl : Gk, k ≥ l ≥ 2 is found, which has a clear geometric meaning as applied to the groups G2, G3, and G4.
Two theorems relating to direct systems of non-abelian groups are proved and applied to the groups Gk. The implication of these theorems is that the groups Gk, k≥2 are all free groups of countably infinite rank and that the embeddings of M2, M3, and M4 in E3 cannot be distinguished by means of fundamental groups. *33 pages)
Casimir Effect of rough plates under a magnetic field in Hořava-Lifshitz theory
Creators: name: Droguett, Byron
name: Bórquez, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Casimir effect for parallel plates within the framework of Hořava-Lifshitz theory in $3+1$ dimensions, considering the effects of roughness, anisotropic scaling factor, and an uniform constant magnetic field. Quantum fluctuations are induced by an anisotropic charged-scalar quantum field subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions. To incorporate surface roughness, we apply a coordinate transformation to flatten the plates, treating the remaining roughness terms as potential. The spectrum is derived using perturbation theory and regularized with the $ζ$-function method. As an illustrative example, we consider plates with periodic boundary conditions.
Donor-acceptor properties of methylphosphonitriles
Creators: name: Mah, Timothy W. J.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The methylphosphonitriles were shown by the method of Benesi and Hildebrand to form outer complexes with I₂. The electronic spectra of the complexes as well as the determined equilibrium constants indicate the use of the methylphosphonitriles as n-donors toward I₂. This is confirmed by the molecular structure of N₃P₃Meg₆∙I₂, in which the N∙∙∙I-I unit was found to be linear. The interpretation of both the electronic and proton spectra of these complexes indicate the relative base strengths of the methylphosphonitriles as being in the order N₄P₄Meg₈ > N₅P₅M₁₀ > N₃P₃M₆. This order is explicable in terms of the u-electron densities at the ring nitrogen atoms, as affected by the homomorphic Tr-system, and the effects of c-hybridization. The synthesis of inner complexes formed by the interaction of iodine with the methylphosphonitriles show further analogies of pyridine with the methylphosphonitriles. The structure of N₄P₄Meg₈I₄ was shown to be (N₄P₄Meg₈I)⁺I₃⁻ by the electronic, proton, and vibrational spectra as well as by conductivity measurements. The electronic spectra and polarographs of the methylphosphonitrilium and dimethylpyridinium iodides show that the acceptor levels of the phosphonitrilic rings lie at higher energies than that of the pyridine ring. In CHCl₃, the similarities in the spectra of the methylphosphonitrilium, dimethylpyridinium, and tetra-alkylammonium iodides indicate that all the charge-transfer to cation processes are similar, the relative energies of transition being affected only to a small degree by the specific cation involved.
SmartCon: Deep Probabilistic Learning Based Intelligent Link-Configuration in Narrowband-IoT Towards 5G and B5G
Creators: name: Karmakar, Raja
name: Kaddoum, Georges
name: Chattopadhyay, Samiran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To enhance the coverage and transmission reliability, repetitions adopted by Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) allow repeating transmissions several times. However, this results in a waste of radio resources when the signal strength is high. In addition, in low signal quality, the selection of a higher modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level leads to a huge packet loss in the network. Moreover, the number of physical resource blocks (PRBs) per-user needs to be chosen dynamically, such that the utilization of radio resources can be improved on per-user basis. Therefore, in NB-IoT systems, dynamic adaptation of repetitions, MCS, and radio resources, known as auto link-configuration, is crucial. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose SmartCon which is a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based deep learning approach for auto link-configuration during uplink or downlink scheduling, such that the packet loss rate is significantly reduced in NB-IoT networks. For the training purpose of the GAN, we use a Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB)-based reinforcement learning mechanism that intelligently tunes its output depending on the present network condition. The performance of SmartCon is thoroughly evaluated through simulations where it is shown to significantly improve the performance of NB-IoT systems compared to baseline schemes.
Die numerische Integration von HBV96 und LARISM-ME als Unsicherheitsquelle
Creators: name: Tyralla, Christoph
Publisher: name: Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde, Koblenz
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Water resources research

description: Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung / BfG – Jahrgang: 58.2014,2 - ISSN 1439-1783
Beyond Cahn-Hilliard-Cook: Early time behavior of symmetry breaking phase transition kinetics
Creators: name: Barros, Kipton
name: Dominguez, Rachele
name: Klein, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the early time ordering theory of Cahn, Hilliard, and Cook (CHC) so that our generalized theory applies to solid-to-solid transitions. Our theory involves spatial symmetry breaking (the initial phase contains a symmetry not present in the final phase). The predictions of our generalization differ from those of the CHC theory in two important ways: exponential growth does not begin immediately following the quench, and the objects that grow exponentially are not necessarily Fourier modes. Our theory is consistent with simulation results for the long-range antiferromagnetic Ising model.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
The emptiness formation probability correlation in homogeneous and dimerized XX chains
Creators: name: Stolze, Joachim
name: Garske, Tini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review some known properties of the "emptiness formation probability" correlation which we have calculated numerically for spin-1/2 XX chains with constant (homogeneous) or alternating (dimerized) nearest-neighbor coupling and an external field (in $z$ direction) for arbitrary temperature. The long-distance asymptotic behavior of this correlation is known to be Gaussian at zero temperature and exponential at finite temperature for the homogeneous chain. By simple analytical arguments the exponential behavior at finite temperature extends to the dimerized system. Numerical results for the dimerized chain confirm the exponential decay at finite temperature and show Gaussian decay at zero temperature.
description: Fixed some typos, added two references and remarks on finite-size effects. To be published in Cond. Mat. Phys
title: Analysis of Contingency Tables
Creators: name: Biundo, James Joseph
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1969

description: Two methods of analyzing multi-dimensional frequency data are detailed.
The Second Order Exponential (SOE) model is applicable for dichotomous classifications. The distribution has two sets of parameters, ϴi's and ϴj's. The ϴi's are interpreted as the log of the odds of the marginal probabilities if no two factor relationships exist. Or if all ϴij are not zero, then the ϴi's are analogous to a main effect in a 2m factorial analysis, (m = number of factors or classifications). The ϴif's may be interpreted as a measure and direction of the two factor relationships. These ϴij are analogous to partial or adjusted phi-coefficients.
The second method discussed assumes a multinomial distribution and the statistics are developed from an Information Theoretic Approach. Each hypothesis is tested using twice the minimum discrimination information statistic (m.d.i.s), 2I. From the null hypothesis it is possible to estimate unique cell probabilities by an iterative metod. Then 2 is equal to 2 (sample frequencies) log (sample frequencies) - 2 (expected frequencies) log (expected frequencies). (141 pages)
Fluctuations of Power versus Energy for Random Fields Near a Perfectly Conducting Boundary
Creators: name: Arnaut, Luk R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard deviations of the energy and Poynting power densities for an isotropic random field near a perfectly conducting planar boundary are characterized, based on quartic plane-wave expansions. For normal and transverse components, different rates of decay exist as a function of electrical distance from the boundary. At large distances, the envelopes for the power are more strongly damped than for the energy, both showing inverse power law decay. The decay for the standard deviation is generally one order faster than for the corresponding mean. For the normally directed power flux, its standard deviation near the boundary increases linearly with distance. The relative uncertainty of the scalar power is much smaller than for the Poynting power. Poynting's theorem for standard deviations is obtained and demonstrates larger standard deviations of the energy imbalance and power flux than their mean values.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
Nonabelian generalized Lax pairs, the classical Yang-Baxter equation and PostLie algebras
Creators: name: Ni, Xiang
name: Bai, Chengming
name: Guo, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 17B62, 17B80, 81R12, 18D50

description: We generalize the classical study of (generalized) Lax pairs and the related $O$-operators and the (modified) classical Yang-Baxter equation by introducing the concepts of nonabelian generalized Lax pairs, extended $\calo$-operators and the extended classical Yang-Baxter equation. We study in this context the nonabelian generalized $r$-matrix ansatz and the related double Lie algebra structures. Relationship between extended $O$-operators and the extended classical Yang-Baxter equation is established, especially for self-dual Lie algebras. This relationship allows us to obtain explicit description of the Manin triples for a new class of Lie bialgebras. Furthermore, we show that a natural structure of PostLie algebra is behind $O$-operators and fits in a setup of triple Lie algebra that produces self-dual nonabelian generalized Lax pairs.
description: 38 pages
title: A Concept of Buoyancy in Topological Spaces, with Applications to the Foundations of Real Variables
Creators: name: Cutler, Elwyn David
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1969

description: The Buoyancy Theorem states that a compact set is buoyant if every point of the compact set has a neighborhood whose intersection with the compact set is buoyant. In this paper, the Buoyancy Theorem is used to prove several standard results involving compact sets. The proof of such a result may be a direct application of the Buoyancy Theorem or the proof may rely on a certain compactness argument which follows from the Buoyancy Theorem. The last application in this paper is such an example.
The method used is to, first of all, define a buoyancy on the compact set; secondly, show that every point of the compact set has a neighborhood whose intersection with the compact set is buoyant; and finally, apply the Buoyancy Theorem to conclude that the compact set is buoyant.
3D Scene Understanding at Urban Intersection using Stereo Vision and Digital Map
Creators: name: Bhattacharyya, Prarthana
name: Gu, Yanlei
name: Bao, Jiali
name: Liu, Xu
name: Kamijo, Shunsuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The driving behavior at urban intersections is very complex. It is thus crucial for autonomous vehicles to comprehensively understand challenging urban traffic scenes in order to navigate intersections and prevent accidents. In this paper, we introduce a stereo vision and 3D digital map based approach to spatially and temporally analyze the traffic situation at urban intersections. Stereo vision is used to detect, classify and track obstacles, while a 3D digital map is used to improve ego-localization and provide context in terms of road-layout information. A probabilistic approach that temporally integrates these geometric, semantic, dynamic and contextual cues is presented. We qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate our proposed technique on real traffic data collected at an urban canyon in Tokyo to demonstrate the efficacy of the system in providing comprehensive awareness of the traffic surroundings.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
title: Generation of Random Numbers
Creators: name: Eberhard, Keith H.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1969

description: Subroutines are written to generate random numbers on the computer. Depending on the subroutine used, the generated random numbers follow the uniform, binomial, normal, chi-square, t, F, or gamma distribution. Each subroutine is tested using the chi-square goodness of fit test to verify that the random numbers generated by each subroutine follow the statistical distribution for which it is written. The interpretation of the test results indicates that each subroutine generates random numbers which closely approximates the theoretical distribution for which it is designed.
The approach used in the subroutine which generates gamma distributed random numbers involves the use of numerical integration, whereas simpler techniques are used in all the other subroutines.
Each subroutine is documented with a description of how to use it and an explanation of the methods used to obtain the random numbers which it is designed to generate. (77 pages)
Neutrino oscillograms of the Earth and CP violation in neutrino oscillations
Creators: name: Akhmedov, Evgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analysis of 3-flavour neutrino oscillations inside the Earth is presented in terms of the oscillograms -- contour plots of oscillation probabilities in the plane neutrino energy -- nadir angle. Special attention is paid to CP violation in neutrino oscillations in the Earth.
description: Talk given at Neutrino Oscillations Workshop NOW2008, 3 pages, 2 figures
title: Renewable Energy: Prospects, Politics, the Public, and Proximity
Creators: name: Robertson, Peter G.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: The way our electricity is generated is in a period of rapid change; in the United States and many other countries the system is becoming less reliant on coal based power systems, while natural gas and solar and wind power are becoming more and more important. Technological advances have made solar and wind power more efficient and increasingly cost-effective. While these changes to the electrical system come with great benefits, such as less pollution, these technologies are not free of impacts. The electrical system is inseparable from our modern lifestyle, and because the system is so large this transition will affect society in many ways.
This dissertation analyzes one aspect of the social side of these changes in the electrical system by asking, what does the public think about renewable energy? In particular we examined how political beliefs, community differences, and residential distance from wind turbines might influence attitudes about renewable energy. We find that political belief is an important factor in predicting levels of support for renewable energy, with conservatives less likely to prefer renewable energy and liberals more supportive of its development. We also find distinct differences in how residents of particular communities tend to react to renewable energy and local wind power development. In addition, we find that living closer to wind turbines is not a good way to predict attitudes about wind energy. These results should help policy makers and developers to make better decisions about how and where we build utility-scale solar and wind electric power facilities by taking into consideration the nuances of personal and political beliefs as well as community differences.
On the Dilution of Precision for Time Difference of Arrival with Station Deployment
Creators: name: Zhang, Fengyun
name: Li, Hao
name: Ding, Yulong
name: Yang, Shuang-Hua
name: Yang, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The paper aims to reveal the relationship between the performance of moving object tracking algorithms and the tracking anchors (station) deployment. The Dilution of Precision (DoP) for Time difference of arrival (TDoA) technique with respect to anchor deployment is studied. Linear estimator and non-linear estimator are used for TDoA algorithms. The research findings are: for the linear estimator, the DoP attain a lower value when other anchors are scattered around a central anchor; for the nonlinear estimator, the DoP is optimal when the anchors are scattered around the target tag. Experiments on both of the algorithms are conducted, targeting the location precision related to the anchors' deployment, with practical situations for tracking moving objects integrated with a Kalman Filter (KF) in an Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) based real-time localization system. The work provides a guideline for deploying anchors in UWB-based tracking systems.
ABC News/Washington Post Poll: August 2020 Coronavirus
Creators: name: ABC News
name: Washington Post
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Registered to vote (1); President Donald Trump handling coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak approval (1); economic impacts of coronavirus (2); Former Vice President Joe Biden's handling of coronavirus outbreak if he were president (1); worries about catching coronavirus (1); coronavirus outbreak under control (1).
title: Language Proficiency and Cultural Intelligence in Distance English-Language Learning
Creators: name: Marcum, Jared
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: The purpose of this study is to explore the viability of an international distance English-language program in the development of language and cultural proficiency. Students participated in tests at the beginning and at the end of the course to determine how well they developed both language and cultural proficiencies. The measures included (a) the computer-administered Oral Proficiency Interview (OPIc) from theAmerican Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL), (b) ACTFL-aligned assessments of reading, listening, grammar, and vocabulary skills, and (c) the Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS). In addition, course activities surveys provided additional information about student perceptions of course activities. Participants in this study came from various countries as they prepared to attend a U.S. university in Hawaii.The distance learning program fostered language proficiency through various learning activities, with an emphasis on synchronous dialogue over video chat technologies. In addition to English-language proficiency, the program sought to help students learn to effectively communicate with students from other cultures. Cross-cultural proficiency was fostered through cross-cultural dialogue with tutors, teachers, and other students. Students showed improvement in speaking, listening, vocabulary, and grammar. However, on average, students did not show an improvement in reading proficiency. Students reported that dialogue with tutors and teachers was among the most helpful activities in learning English. Students showed some improvement in cultural proficiency. However, this improvement was not universal across all measures of cultural proficiency. Students reported that certain activities—particularly dialogue with tutors and other students—as helpful in developing cross-cultural proficiencies.This study also investigated the relationship between language proficiency and cultural proficiency. Results were mixed. With a few exceptions, cultural proficiency did not predict a student’s language proficiency at the beginning of the course, during the course, or at the end of the course.
Atmospheric Chemistry in Giant Planets, Brown Dwarfs, and Low-Mass Dwarf Stars III. Iron, Magnesium, and Silicon
Creators: name: Visscher, Channon
name: Lodders, Katharina
name: Fegley, Bruce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use thermochemical equilibrium calculations to model iron, magnesium, and silicon chemistry in the atmospheres of giant planets, brown dwarfs, extrasolar giant planets (EGPs), and low-mass stars. The behavior of individual Fe-, Mg-, and Si-bearing gases and condensates is determined as a function of temperature, pressure, and metallicity. Our results are thus independent of any particular model atmosphere. The condensation of Fe metal strongly affects iron chemistry by efficiently removing Fe-bearing species from the gas phase. Monatomic Fe is the most abundant Fe-bearing gas throughout the atmospheres of EGPs and L dwarfs and in the deep atmospheres of giant planets and T dwarfs. Mg- and Si-bearing gases are effectively removed from the atmosphere by forsterite (Mg2SiO4) and enstatite (MgSiO3) cloud formation. Monatomic Mg is the dominant magnesium gas throughout the atmospheres of EGPs and L dwarfs and in the deep atmospheres of giant planets and T dwarfs. Silicon monoxide (SiO) is the most abundant Si-bearing gas in the deep atmospheres of brown dwarfs and EGPs, whereas SiH4 is dominant in the deep atmosphere of Jupiter and other gas giant planets. Several other Fe-, Mg-, and Si-bearing gases become increasingly important with decreasing effective temperature. In principle, a number of Fe, Mg, and Si gases are potential tracers of weather or diagnostic of temperature in substellar atmospheres.
description: 42 pages, 15 figures, submitted to the Astrophysical Journal
Additional file 8 of Functional heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblasts with distinct neoadjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy response in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Creators: name: Jiang, Jun
name: Xu, Chao
name: Han, Donghui
name: Lu, Yuan
name: Yang, Fa
name: Wang, Jiawei
name: Yan, Xiaolong
name: Mu, Xiaorong
name: Zhang, Jipeng
name: Jia, Chenghui
name: Xu, Xinyao
name: Liu, Kui
name: Liu, Zhenhua
name: Gong, Li
name: Wan, Yi
name: Lu, Qiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 8
Study on X-ray Spectra of Obscured AGNs based on Monte Carlo simulation - an interpretation of observed wide-band spectra
Creators: name: Ikeda, Shinya
name: Awaki, Hisamitsu
name: Terashima, Yuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monte Carlo simulation is one of the best tools to study the complex spectra of Compton-thick AGNs and to figure out the relation between their nuclear structures and X-ray spectra. We have simulated X-ray spectra of Compton-thick AGNs obscured by an accretion torus whose structure is characterized by a half-opening angle, an inclination angle of the torus relative to the observer, and a column density along the equatorial plane. We divided the simulated spectra into three components: one direct component, an absorbed reflection component and an unabsorbed reflection component. We then deduced the dependencies of these components on the parameters describing the structure of the torus. Our simulation results were applied to fit the wide-band spectrum of the Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk 3 obtained by $Suzaku$. The spectral analysis indicates that we observe the nucleus along a line of sight intercepting the torus near its edge, and the column density along the equatorial plane was estimated to be ~10^24 cm^-2. Using this model, we can estimate the luminosities of both the direct emission and the emission irradiating the surrounding matter. This is useful to find the time variability and time lag between the direct and reflected light.
description: 25 pages, 25 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
title: Integrating Social and Ecological Methods to Assess and Inform Park Monitoring and Management
Creators: name: Goonan, Kelly A
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Managing outdoor recreation requires that managers do the following: (1) consider the user experience, environmental and cultural resources, and type and intensity of management actions; (2) specify desired conditions to be maintained, monitor conditions, and take appropriate action if unacceptable impacts occur; (3) adapt to new conditions and information; and (4) exercise good judgment based on their professional experience and the best information available to them. Social science studies of visitors and studies of significant recreation resources like campsites are important sources of information for managers and are commonly used in parks and protected areas to support planning and decision-making.
The studies presented here are designed to enhance our understanding of how visitors evaluate the acceptability of impacts to recreation resources and how we can more effectively analyze large campsite resource condition datasets to get meaningful results. A better understanding of impacts to cultural and environmental resources, the people who visit parks, and how they evaluate the acceptability of impacts will enable managers to make more informed decisions. This is an important part of the adaptive management of parks and protected areas.
Ratio Estimators in Simple Random Sampling Using Information on Auxiliary Attribute
Creators: name: Singh, Rajesh
name: Chauhan, Pankaj
name: Sawan, Nirmala
name: Smarandache, Florentin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62F03

description: Some ratio estimators for estimating the population mean of the variable under study, which make use of information regarding the population proportion possessing certain attribute, are proposed. Under simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR) scheme, the expressions of bias and mean-squared error (MSE) up to the first order of approximation are derived. The results obtained have been illustrated numerically by taking some empirical population considered in the literature.
description: 7 pages