cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Associative transducers for the parallel processing of streaming data
Creators: name: Ogden, Peter
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Crowd-sourcing and the rise of the internet of things are causing a massive increase in the rate of streaming data that needs to be processed. At the same time CPU clock-speeds are stagnating so parallel algorithms are needed to process the high rate of data with low query response times. Automata and transducers are natural models for querying unbounded streams but are inherently sequential, processing each item of data in the stream in order. To continue to use automata and transducers for stream processing on increasing data rates, a new approach is needed which offers scaling to large numbers of cores. This thesis introduces a new computational model of associative transducers which transforms the execution of a transducer into an associative operator, associativity which is then used to provide highly scalable data-parallelism. Associative transducers are backed by formal model that provides the theoretical basis for executing transducers in an associative manner and three applications demonstrate their use for processing textual, XML and geospatial data. Each use for associative transducers is individually evaluated against comparable systems, showing almost universal scaling to 64~cores and performance comparable to large MapReduce clusters or commercial database engines but with no need to load the data prior to querying. For geospatial queries in particular, a system based on associative transducers performs some queries three times faster than a comparable system running on a MapReduce cluster while using a third the number of cores.
Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil and model compounds
Creators: name: Liu, Kai
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The upgrading of the Norwegian spruce derived bio-oil was carried out in a batch reactor with conditions of 50 bar H2 (cold) and 3 to 13 hr of batch time at 175 to 250 ℃. The emphasis was given on the effect of operating conditions on the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) performance of unsupported NiMo nano sulphide catalysts. It is found that the degree of deoxygenation of the bio-oil increases and that of hydrogenation of the upgraded products declines with increasing the reaction temperature. The addition of sulphur to prevent the nanosulphide catalyst leaching problem is not essential. Extending the batch time produces more saturated products with less oxygen content, but it can be optimised as the deoxygenation reaction rate decreases along the time. As for HDO solvent, dodecane is preferred comparing with tetralin. The HDO of p-cresol over Co/Al2O3 and Ni/Al2O3 catalysts at 250 to 375 ℃ and 50 bar of H2 (hot) in a batch reactor gives 4-methylcyclohexanol, methylcyclohexane and toluene as the major products. Both catalysts are active leading to almost complete conversion (≥98%) of p-cresol at all temperatures. The degree of deoxygenation and the product distribution of toluene increases with temperature. Toluene can be produced by the direct deoxygenation of p-cresol and by the disproportionation of methylcyclohexenes at high temperature (i.e. 375 ℃). Sulphur suppresses the HDO of p-cresol. It deactivates the hydrogenation sites but does not appear to be a poison for the hydrogenolysis sites. Same conditions were used for the HDO of guaiacol, except the H2 pressure being used was 40 bar (cold). Dominant products are cyclohexanol, methoxycyclohexanols and cyclohexane at 300 ℃ and below and those at 325 ℃ and above are cyclohexane, benzene and ring contraction products (i.e. cyclopentane and methylcyclopentane). High temperatures facilitate deoxygenation and benzene production. As the temperature increases, the methoxyl group is firstly removed and then the hydroxyl group. At 350 ℃, reducing the pressure from 40 bar (cold) to 20 bar (cold) increases the benzene product distribution from 2 wt% to 40 wt%. Sulphur has a detrimental effect on the HDO of guaiacol. Catechol is the main product from guaiacol in the presence of sulphur.
Velocity Dispersion of the Gravitational Lens 0957+561
Creators: name: Tonry, John L.
name: Franx, Marijn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 0957+561 is the first gravitational lens system to be discovered and first for which a time delay was measured. Because the system is unusually rich in observables such as image positions, fluxes, VLBI structure, and polarization it has been modelled quite extensively. However, since it resides in a cluster providing substantial convergence, the velocity dispersion of the lensing galaxy is an important component to models. We have measured this dispersion to be 288+/-9 kms (1-sigma), which implies a Hubble constant of 72+/-7 kms/Mpc (1-sigma) according to the preferred FGS model of Grogin and Narayan, and 70+/-7 kms/Mpc (1-sigma) using the SPLS model. The unknown velocity dispersion anisotropy of the central galaxy produces an additional uncertainty of perhaps 15% or more. We see no variation in dispersion with position to a radius of +/-3". In addition to a galaxy from the background cluster at z=0.5, our slit serendiptously picked up a galaxy at z = 0.448, and two galaxies which may be part of a background cluster at a redshift of z=0.91.
description: 13 pages, AASTeX Latex, including 5 Postscript figures, submitted to Astrophysical Journal, June 25, 1998
Cell Motility Dependence on Adhesive Wetting
Creators: name: Cao, Yuansheng
name: Karmakar, Richa
name: Ghabache, Elisabeth
name: Gutierrez, Edgar
name: Zhao, Yanxiang
name: Groisman, Alex
name: Levine, Herbert
name: Camley, Brian A.
name: Rappel, Wouter-Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Adhesive cell-substrate interactions are crucial for cell motility and are responsible for the necessary traction that propels cells. These interactions can also change the shape of the cell, analogous to liquid droplet wetting on adhesive substrates. To address how these shape changes affect cell migration and cell speed we model motility using deformable, 2D cross-sections of cells in which adhesion and frictional forces between cell and substrate can be varied separately. Our simulations show that increasing the adhesion results in increased spreading of cells and larger cell speeds. We propose an analytical model which shows that the cell speed is inversely proportional to an effective height of the cell and that increasing this height results in increased internal shear stress. The numerical and analytical results are confirmed in experiments on motile eukaryotic cells.
A theory for the dynamics of glassy mixtures with particle size swaps
Creators: name: Szamel, Grzegorz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory for the dynamics of a binary mixture with particle size swaps. The theory is based on a factorization approximation similar to that employed in the mode-coupling theory of glassy dynamics. The theory shows that, in accordance with physical intuition, particle size swaps open up an additional channel for the relaxation of density fluctuations. Thus, allowing swaps speeds up the dynamics and moves the dynamic glass transition towards higher densities and/or lower temperatures. We calculate an approximate dynamic glass transition phase diagram for an equimolar binary hard sphere mixture. We find that in the presence of particle size swaps, with increasing ratio of the hard sphere diameters the dynamic glass transition line moves towards higher volume fractions, up to the ratio of the diameters approximately equal to 1.2, and then saturates. We comment on the implications of our findings for the theoretical description of the glass transition.
description: Final version, accepted for publication as a Rapid Communication in Phys. Rev. E
Psittacus nobilis Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Psittaciformes
Psittacidae
Psittacus
Psittacus nobilis

description: Psittacus nobilis [spec. nov.]
P. macrourus viridis, genis nudis, humeris coccineis. Mus. Ad. Fr. 2. p.
Psittacus viridis, alarum costa superne rubente. Aldr. orn. l. 11. c. 5. Raj. av. 30, 181. Sloan. jam. 2. p. 297.
Psittacus mediae magnitudinis. Will. orn. 112. t. 16.
Habitat in America meridionali.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 97, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Accurate Evaluation of Fermi-Dirac Integrals and Their Derivatives for Arbitrary Degeneracy and Relativity
Creators: name: Miralles, Juan Antonio
name: Van Riper, Kenneth A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The equation of state of an ideal Fermi gas is expressed in terms of Fermi-Dirac integrals. We give formulae for evaluation the Fermi-Dirac integrals of orders 1/2, 3/2, and 5/2 and their derivatives in various limits of non- and extreme degeneracy and relativity. We provide tables and a Fortran subroutine for numerical evaluation of the integrals and derivatives when a limit does not apply. The functions can be evaluated to better than 1% accuracy for any temperature and density using these methods.
description: AAS LaTeX. No Figures
Alternative theories in quantum foundations
Creators: name: Ranchin, Andre
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Abstraction is an important driving force in theoretical physics. New insights often accompany the creation of physical frameworks which are both comprehensive and parsimonious. In particular, the analysis of alternative sets of theories which exhibit similar structural features as quantum theory has yielded important new results and physical understanding. An important task is to undertake a thorough analysis and classiﬁcation of quantum-like theories. In this thesis, we take a step in this direction, moving towards a synthetic description of alternative theories in quantum foundations. After a brief philosophical introduction, we give a presentation of the mathematical concepts underpinning the foundations of physics, followed by an introduction to the foundations of quantum mechanics. The core of the thesis consists of three results chapters based on the articles in the author’s publications page. Chapter 4 analyses the logic of stabilizer quantum mechanics and provides a complete set of circuit equations for this sub-theory of quantum mechanics. Chapter 5 describes how quantum-like theories can be classiﬁed in a periodic table of theories. A pictorial calculus for alternative physical theories, called the ZX calculus for qudits, is then introduced and used as a tool to depict particular examples of quantum-like theories, including qudit stabilizer quantum mechanics and the SpekkensSchreiber toy theory. Chapter 6 presents an alternative set of quantum-like theories, called quantum collapse models. A novel quantum collapse model, where the rate of collapse depends on the Quantum Integrated Information of a physical system, is introduced and discussed in some detail. We then conclude with a brief summary of the main results.
Increasing compliance in policy settings by applying psychological theories of behaviour to message design
Creators: name: Hallsworth, Michael
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: This thesis examines how the design of messages affects the extent to which individuals comply with requests or requirements from public actors. More specifically, it presents results from seven field experiments on changing messages sent to the public and professionals as part of routine public sector activities: issuing requests for overdue tax payments, sending reminders for upcoming hospital appointments, and providing antibiotic prescribing feedback to general practitioners. These are all cases where non-compliance can create harm or inconvenience to others. The trial messages are constructed to test the two main approaches to increasing compliance: one, ‘deterrence’, sees individuals as utility maximizers who are concerned solely with advancing their private interests, and who respond only to the threat of sanctions; the other, ‘non-deterrence’, claims that compliance is influenced by factors such as social norms, perceptions of fairness, ethical concerns, and the provision of public goods. I attempt to increase the impact of both approaches by applying concepts from behavioural science, such as framing effects and the omission bias. The results indicate that deterrence-based messages consistently increase tax compliance, sometimes to a substantial extent. Non-deterrence messages also can increase compliance with both healthcare and taxation policies, although the effects are sometimes small. The largest effect sizes for non-deterrence approaches came from social norm messages. Non-deterrence approaches may be more effective for populations who had previously been compliant. Importantly, I provide evidence that both deterrence and non-deterrence messages can be enhanced through the application of concepts from behavioural science. These trials strengthen the limited evidence base on the real-world effects of messages intended to increase policy compliance. They demonstrate that compliance may depend on specific choices about how messages are constructed and delivered. In the process, they show how behavioural science offers a useful framework for governments making these important choices.
String Methods for Stochastic Image and Shape Matching
Creators: name: Arnaudon, Alexis
name: Holm, Darryl
name: Sommer, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Matching of images and analysis of shape differences is traditionally pursued by energy minimization of paths of deformations acting to match the shape objects. In the Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping (LDDMM) framework, iterative gradient descents on the matching functional lead to matching algorithms informally known as Beg algorithms. When stochasticity is introduced to model stochastic variability of shapes and to provide more realistic models of observed shape data, the corresponding matching problem can be solved with a stochastic Beg algorithm, similar to the finite temperature string method used in rare event sampling. In this paper, we apply a stochastic model compatible with the geometry of the LDDMM framework to obtain a stochastic model of images and we derive the stochastic version of the Beg algorithm which we compare with the string method and an expectation-maximization optimization of posterior likelihoods. The algorithm and its use for statistical inference is tested on stochastic LDDMM landmarks and images.
Enhanced Absorption of Waves in Stealth Hyperuniform Disordered Media
Creators: name: Bigourdan, Florian
name: Pierrat, Romain
name: Carminati, Rémi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the propagation of waves in a set of absorbing subwavelength scatterers positioned on a stealth hyperuniform point pattern. We show that spatial correlations in the disorder substantially enhance absorption compared to a fully disordered structure with the same density of scatterers. The non-resonant nature of the mechanism provides broad angular and spectral robustness. These results demonstrate the possibility to design low-density materials with blackbody-like absorption.
Listening to Plants
Creators: name: Feldman-Poyntz, Emily Brooke Artemis
Publisher: name: Emily Carr University of Art and Design
Year: 2021
Subjects: Herbalism
Decolonization
Plants in art
Healing

description: This research investigates connections between sensory alteration, pleasure, resistance and healing through a land-focused art practice in collaboration with organic materials. Through multisensory installations, murals, sculptures, and texts, my work engages with the audience, recontextualizing notions of healing, embodiment, and land. This art practice is influenced by new materiality, phenomenology, spirituality, and science. The practice is further informed by contemporary artists who work with herbology and healing. With this thesis, I aim to explain why working with plants matters. I investigate ways for art to become medicine. I reflect on how I can ethically engage with the land as a settler. I explore how this work is intended to be viewed. Embodiment and inter-species collaboration inform my practice, and I explain how this research shapes my art today. The objective of this work is to encourage space for healing to become a social or communal practice engaged in a conversation around artmaking. By contributing to a community in this way, I ask viewers to consider what creative healing could mean for them, and how they might imagine this practice themselves.
description: New materiality
description: Sympoiesis
description: Plant knowledge
description: Sensory alteration
description: Embodied learning
Heat transfer and vortex shedding effects in single- and multi-scale grid-generated turbulence
Creators: name: Melina, Gianfrancesco
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: In this thesis the potential of single- and multi-scale turbulence-generating grids in improving the heat transfer from a circular cylinder and from a flat plate is experimentally explored. Hot-wire and heat transfer measurements downstream of low-blockage grids with different geometries were performed in a wind tunnel. Particular emphasis is given to the impact of the vortex shedding from the bars of the grids both on the turbulent flow field and on the heat transfer. The effects of vortex shedding suppression in grid-generated turbulence can be summarised in: (i) a decrease of turbulence intensity Tu in the grid's production region; (ii) a downstream shift of the peak of turbulence intensity; (iii) an attenuation of the streamwise growth of the integral length scale L_u together with a reduction of the ratio between L_u and the Taylor length scale; and (iv) an increase of the skewness and the flatness of the streamwise turbulent fluctuations in the turbulence production region. A fractal square grid (FSG17) exhibits vortex shedding suppression properties in analogy to fractal plates and fractal trailing edges. It is discovered that an intense vortex shedding reduces the heat transfer in the laminar boundary layer region of a cylinder placed in the grid's turbulence production region. For this reason, if the shedding is prominent, the heat transfer coefficients in the production region are lower than those measured, for the same Tu, in the turbulence decay region where the vortex shedding signature tends to vanish. The heat transfer around the cylinder is enhanced more and is more persistent downstream by using FSG17 or a single square grid (SSG) in place of a regular square-mesh grid (RG60) with higher blockage. Grid FSG17 has the practical advantage of allowing high heat transfer together with a less energetic vortex shedding from the grid. For the case of a flat plate, it is found that a new class of multi-scale inhomogeneous grids (MIGs), which produce a gradient of mean velocity in the direction normal to the plate, can be optimised for heat transfer augmentation. These grids can allow a near-wall high mean velocity and high turbulence intensity, thus leading to sustained heat transfer enhancement with downstream distance.
Detecting and interpreting myocardial infarction using fully convolutional neural networks
Creators: name: Strodthoff, Nils
name: Strodthoff, Claas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Objective: We aim to provide an algorithm for the detection of myocardial infarction that operates directly on ECG data without any preprocessing and to investigate its decision criteria. Approach: We train an ensemble of fully convolutional neural networks on the PTB ECG dataset and apply state-of-the-art attribution methods. Main results: Our classifier reaches 93.3% sensitivity and 89.7% specificity evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation with sampling based on patients. The presented method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches and reaches the performance level of human cardiologists for detection of myocardial infarction. We are able to discriminate channel-specific regions that contribute most significantly to the neural network's decision. Interestingly, the network's decision is influenced by signs also recognized by human cardiologists as indicative of myocardial infarction. Significance: Our results demonstrate the high prospects of algorithmic ECG analysis for future clinical applications considering both its quantitative performance as well as the possibility of assessing decision criteria on a per-example basis, which enhances the comprehensibility of the approach.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
VLBI Observations of the Gravitational Lens System 0957+561
Creators: name: Campbell, R. M.
name: Lehar, J.
name: Corey, B. E.
name: Shapiro, I. I.
name: Falco, E. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present hybrid maps of the A and B images of 0957+561 from each of four sessions of 6 cm VLBI observations that span the six-year interval 1987-1993. The inner- and outer-jets are clearly detected, and confirm the structures reported previously. There is no evidence of change in the separation between the core and inner-jet components, so the prospect of measuring the time delay using differential proper motions is not promising. The flux density in the core of each image peaked between 1989 and 1992. From the variation in these flux densities, we obtain a time-delay estimate of $\sim$1 yr.
description: 11 pages, 3 PostScript figures, uses AAS LaTex style aaspp.sty, To appear in AJ (1995.12), Submitted 1995.07.06, Accepted 1995.08.17
Psittacus severus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Psittaciformes
Psittacidae
Psittacus
Psittacus severus

description: Psittacus severus [spec. nov.]
P. macrourus viridis, genis nudis, remigibus rectricibusque caeruleis subtus purpurascentibus. Mus. Ad. Fr. 1. p. 13.
Habitat in Indiis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 97, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Phase Space Transport in Noisy Hamiltonian Systems
Creators: name: Kandrup, Henry E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper analyses the effect of low amplitude friction and noise in accelerating phase space transport in time-independent Hamiltonian systems that exhibit global stochasticity. Numerical experiments reveal that even very weak non-Hamiltonian perturbations can dramatically increase the rate at which an ensemble of orbits penetrates obstructions like cantori or Arnold webs, thus accelerating the approach towards an invariant measure, i.e., a near-microcanonical population of the accessible phase space region. An investigation of first passage times through cantori leads to three conclusions, namely: (i) that, at least for white noise, the detailed form of the perturbation is unimportant, (ii) that the presence or absence of friction is largely irrelevant, and (iii) that, overall, the amplitude of the response to weak noise scales logarithmically in the amplitude of the noise.
description: 13 pages, 3 Postscript figures, latex, no macors. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, in press
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Constraints on Primordial Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Kernan, Peter. J.
name: Starkman, Glenn D.
name: Vachaspati, Tammay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reanalyze the effect of magnetic fields in BBN, incorporating several features which were omitted in previous analyses. We find that the effects of coherent magnetic fields on the weak interaction rates and the electron thermodynamic functions (\rhoe, \Pe, and \drhoedt ) are unimportant in comparison to the contribution of the magnetic field energy density in BBN. In consequence the effect of including magnetic fields in BBN is well approximated numerically by treating the additional energy density as effective neutrino number. A conservative upper bound on the primordial magnetic field, parameterized as $ζ=2eB_{rms}/(T_ν^2)$, is $ζ\le 2$ ($ρ_B < 0.27 ρ_ν$). This bound can be stronger than the conventional bound coming from the Faraday rotation measures of distant quasars if the cosmological magnetic field is generated by a causal mechanism.
description: Latex, 20 pages, 3 uuencoded figures appended
Joule-Thomson expansion of charged Gauss-Bonnet black holes in AdS space
Creators: name: Lan, Shan-Quan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Joule-Thomson expansion process is studied for charged Gauss-Bonnet black holes in AdS space. Firstly, in five-dimensional space-time, the isenthalpic curve in $T-P$ graph is obtained and the cooling-heating region is determined. Secondly, the explicit expression of Joule-Thomson coefficient is obtained from the basic formulas of enthalpy and temperature. Our methods can also be applied to van der Waals system as well as other black hole systems. And the inversion curve $\tilde{T}(\tilde{P})$ which separates the cooling region and heating region is obtained and investigated. Thirdly, interesting dependence of the inversion curves on the charge $(Q)$ and the Gauss-Bonnet parameter $(α)$ is revealed. In $\tilde{T}-\tilde{P}$ graph, the cooling region decreases with charge, but increases with the Gauss-Bonnet parameter. Fourthly, by applying our methods, the Joule-Thomson expansion process for $α=0$ case in four dimension is studied, where the Gauss-Bonnet AdS black hole degenerates into RN-AdS black hole. The inversion curves for van der Waals systems consist of two parts. One has positive slope, while the other has negative slope. However, for black hole systems, the slopes of the inversion curves are always positive, which seems to be a universal feature.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1805.01326
Caltech Faint Galaxy Redshift Survey VII: Data Analysis Techniques and Redshifts in the Field J0053+1234
Creators: name: Cohen, Judith G.
name: Hogg, David W.
name: Pahre, Michael A.
name: Blandford, Roger
name: Shopbell, Patrick L.
name: Richberg, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the techniques used to determine redshifts and to characterize the spectra of objects in the Caltech Faint Galaxy Redshift Survey in terms of spectral classes and redshift quality classes. These are then applied to spectra from an investigation of a complete sample of objects with $K_s<20$ mag in a 2 by 7.3 arcmin^2 field at J005325+1234. Redshifts were successfully obtained for 163 of the 195 objects in the sample; these redshifts lie in the range [0.173, 1.44] and have a median of 0.58 (excluding 24 Galactic stars). The sample includes two broad lined AGNs and one QSO.
description: 20 pages, Latex, 3 figures, accepted for publication in the ApJ Supplements
Gravitational Microlensing by Clustered MACHOs
Creators: name: Metcalf, R Benton
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been proposed that the MACHOs in our galaxy could be clumped in globular cluster--like associations or RAMBOs (robust associations of massive baryonic objects) (Moore \& Silk 1995). Here we investigate the effect such clustering has on the microlensing of stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We find that the lensing in a one square degree field could be dominated by just a few clusters. As a result the lensing properties vary widely depending on the position and velocity of those clusters which happen to lie between us and the LMC. Moreover we find a large variance in time scale distributions that suggests that the small number statistics could easily be dominated by events in the tails of the unclustered distribution ({\it e.g.} by long periods). We compare our results with the MACHO collaboration's data and find that a ``standard'' halo made entirely of MACHOs is not strongly disfavored if the clusters have masses of $10^6 M_{\odot}$. For less massive clusters such a halo is not as likely. For $10^4 M_{\odot}$ clusters the microlensing statistics are essentially unchanged from the unclustered case. It may be possible to detect very massive clusters from the distribution of events in time-scale and space. We provide some example time- scale distributions.
description: uuencoded, gzipped PostScript, 14 pages
Functionalisation of saturated heterocycles at unactivated positions by palladium-catalysed directed C(sp3)–H arylation
Creators: name: Affron, Dominic Paul
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Saturated heterocycles are vital components of many biologically active compounds that are central to life, and offer great potential as pharmaceuticals for complex targets. Therefore, synthetic methods to efficiently synthesise a range of saturated heterocycles are highly desirable. In this thesis, palladium-catalysed directed C(sp3)–H arylation methodology to functionalise unactivated positions of heteroaliphatic rings is explored for the first time. Initially, the synthesis of a range of novel 2,3-difunctionalised pyrrolidines is described. These pyrrolidines are synthesised as single stereoisomers via directed C−H functionalisation at the unactivated 3-position of proline derivatives, representing the first direct functionalisations of unactivated C–H bonds on the pyrrolidine ring. A variety of functionalised and heterocyclic iodoarenes are employed with minimal excess, and the resulting 3-(hetero)arylproline derivatives are transformed in to compounds that comply with desirable criteria for drug discovery. Subsequently, this C–H arylation approach is applied to the synthesis of 3-aryl tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran and piperidine derivatives, where subtle differences in substrate structures were found to alter reactivity significantly. High yields were obtained for each substrate, through the development of a condensed optimisation procedure that employs a limited set of reaction variables designed to cover appropriate reaction space. Reactivity and selectivity is compared across these substrates, and a comparison of the success of different directing groups was undertaken on the THP substrate, which was the only substrate to form trans-configured products as minor components. This condensed optimisation approach was also demonstrated on carbocyclic and acyclic derivatives to demonstrate the flexibility and applicability of this process, enabling direct comparison with literature results. Stereoselective removal of the directing group was also demonstrated on both nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles. Preliminary studies into reaction kinetics and the viability of directing groups at the 3-position of saturated heterocycles are described. The final section provides full experimental details.
A potential scenario for the Majorana neutrino detection at future lepton colliders
Creators: name: Zhang, Yang
name: Zhang, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of Majorana neutrinos must lead to lepton-number violating processes, and the Majorana nature of neutrinos can only be experimentally verified via lepton-number violating processes. We propose a new approach to search for Majorana neutrinos at future electron-positron colliders by exploiting this feature. We investigate the $ΔL = 2$ like-sign dilepton production and find that lepton colliders with different center-of-mass energies have comparative advantages in resonant production of a Majorana neutrino in either light neutrino mass range or heavy mass range. At the future Circular Electron-Positron Collider (CEPC), with 250 GeV center-of-mass energy and 5 ab$^{-1}$ integrated luminosity, we find that there could be more significant sensitivity for resonant production of a Majorana neutrino in the mass range of 5-80 GeV than previous results at LEP2 or LHC. At the 1 TeV ILC with 1 ab$^{-1}$ integrated luminosity, it has better sensitivity than the similar process at LHC while the neutrino mass is larger than 250 GeV.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures
Thermomagnetic properties and Bjorken expansion of hot QCD matter in a strong magnetic field
Creators: name: Rath, Shubhalaxmi
name: Patra, Binoy Krishna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we have studied the effects of an external strong magnetic field on the thermodynamic and magnetic properties of a hot QCD matter and then explored these effects on the subsequent hydrodynamic expansion of the said matter once produced in the ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. For that purpose, we have computed the quark and gluon self-energies up to one loop in the strong magnetic field, using the HTL approximation with two hard scales - temperature and magnetic field, which in turn compute the effective propagators for quarks and gluons, respectively. Hence the quark and gluon contributions to the free energy are obtained from the respective propagators and finally derive the equation of state (EOS) by calculating the pressure and energy density. We have found that the speed of sound is enhanced due to the presence of strong magnetic field and this effect will be later exploited in the hydrodynamics. Thereafter the magnetic properties are studied from the free energy of the matter, where the magnetization is found to increase linearly with the magnetic field, thus hints the paramagnetic behavior. The temperature dependence of the magnetization is also studied, where the magnetization is found to increase slowly with the temperature. Finally, to see how a strong magnetic field could affect the hydrodynamic evolution, we have revisited the Bjorken boost-invariant picture with our paramagnetic EOS as an input in the equation of motion for the energy-momentum conservation. We have noticed that the energy density evolves faster than in the absence of strong magnetic field, i.e. cooling becomes faster, which could have implications on the heavy-ion phenomenology. As mentioned earlier, this observation can be understood by the enhancement of the speed of sound.
description: 37 pages with 5 figures
title: ADCO, Boursier de Cîteaux : comptes (1489-1493) (11 H 1166), f. 00287
Creators: name: de la Côte-d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2019
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: LaMOP
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: comptes

description: Boursier de Cîteaux : comptes (1489-1493), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1166). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Boursier de Cîteaux : comptes (1489-1493), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1166), f. 00287, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi \[Ressource en ligne\], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
Evaluation of performance and tunability of a co-flow inertial microfluidic device
Creators: name: Bogseth, A
name: Zhou, Jian
name: Papautsky, Ian
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Microfluidics has gained a lot of attention for biological sample separation and purification methods over recent years. From many active and passive microfluidic techniques, inertial microfluidics odiers a simple and ediicient method to demonstrate various biological applications. One prevalent limitation of this method is its lack of tunability for didierent applications once the microfluidic devices are fabricated. In this work, we develop and characterize a co-flow inertial microfluidic device that is tunable in multiple ways for adaptation to didierent application requirements. In particular, flow rate, flow rate ratio and output resistance ratio are systematically evaluated for flexibility of the cutodi size of the device and modification of the separation performance post-fabrication. Typically, a mixture of single size particles is used to determine cutodi sizes for the outlets, yet this fails to provide accurate prediction for ediiciency and purity for a more complex biological sample. Thus, we use particles with continuous size distribution (2-32 μm) for separation demonstration under conditions of various flow rates, flow rate ratios and resistance ratios. We also use A549 cancer cell line with continuous size distribution (12-27 m) as an added demonstration. Our results indicate inertial microfluidic devices possess the tunability that odiers multiple ways to improve device performance for adaptation to didierent applications even after the devices are prototyped.
Have your cake and eat it, too? Switzerland and the feasibility of differentiated integration after Brexit
Creators: name: Malet, Giorgio
name: Walter, Stefanie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: A key Eurosceptic argument is that countries can selectively retain only those aspects of European integration from which they benefit, while opting out of those aspects they dislike. How convincing is this “have your cake and eat it, too” argument to voters? This article argues that voters can learn about the feasibility of such a strategy by looking at the experience of countries that pursued a similar path. Positive experiences can strengthen voters’ support for a similar strategy, while negative experiences can deter them. This argument is tested in a study of the effects of the Brexit negotiations on public opinion in Switzerland. Drawing on a panel survey fielded between 2019 and 2021, the article shows that Brexit had a small but non-negligible impact on Swiss voters’ expectations about the EU’s resolve, as well as on vote intentions on two EU-related policy proposals. These findings confirm that voters learn from foreign political developments about the costs of non-cooperation.
Isometries between projection lattices of von Neumann algebras
Creators: name: Mori, Michiya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate surjective isometries between projection lattices of two von Neumann algebras. We show that such a mapping is characterized by means of Jordan $^*$-isomorphisms. In particular, we prove that two von Neumann algebras without type I$_1$ direct summands are Jordan $^*$-isomorphic if and only if their projection lattices are isometric. Our theorem extends the recent result for type I factors by G.P. Gehér and P. Šemrl, which is a generalization of Wigner's theorem.
description: 16 pages, accepted for publication in J. Funct. Anal
Caltech Faint Galaxy Redshift Survey VIII: Analysis for the Field J0053+1234
Creators: name: Cohen, Judith G.
name: Blandford, Roger
name: Hogg, David W.
name: Pahre, Michael A.
name: Shopbell, Patrick L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results of a spectroscopic investigation of a complete sample of objects with $K_s<20$ mag in a 2 by 7.3 arcmin field at J005325+1234 are reported. Redshifts were successfully obtained for 163 of the 195 objects in the sample; these redshifts lie in the range [0.173, 1.44] and have a median of 0.58 (excluding 24 Galactic stars). The redshift identifications are believed to be almost complete for $z < 0.8$. Approximately half of the galaxies lie in five narrow redshift features with local velocity dispersions of $ \sim 300 km/s$. These narrow redshift ``peaks'' are primarily populated both by absorption--line galaxies and the most luminous galaxies in the sample, although the incidence of emission lines in the luminous galaxies increases with redshift. The estimated dynamical masses of these redshift peaks, and the sky distribution of the galaxies within them, appear similar to groups or poor clusters of galaxies in the local universe at various stages of virialization. Some groups of galaxies therefore form at epochs $z > 1.5$, and the galaxies in such groups appear to be coeval and to show little sign of ongoing star formation. The galaxies outside the redshift peaks are also clustered, albeit more weakly, are less luminous and more frequently exhibit strong emission lines. These ``isolated'' galaxies therefore appear, on average, to form stars at later epochs than the strongly clustered galaxies. The galaxy SEDs derived from our $UBVRIK$ photometry are also very closely correlated with the galaxy spectral types and luminosities. These results have strong implications for the analysis of redshift surveys at intermediate redshift.
description: 42 pages, Latex, 11 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal (abstract exceeds allocated space and was truncated)
Isolation of circulating tumor cells in non-small-cell-lung-cancer patients using a multi-flow microfluidic channel
Creators: name: Zhou, Jian
name: Kulasinghe, A
name: Bogseth, A
name: O’Byrne, K
name: Punyadeera, C
name: Papautsky, Ian
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) carry a wealth of information on primary and metastatic tumors critical for precise cancer detection, monitoring, and treatment. Numerous microfluidic platforms have been developed in the past few years to capture these rare cells in patient bloodstream for deciphering the critical information needed. However, the practical need for a high-quality method of CTC isolation remains to be met. Herein, we demonstrate a novel multi-flow microfluidic device that is able to sensitively provide high purity (>87%) of separation outcome without labeling. Our device is constructed and configured based on the phenomenal effect of size-dependent inertial migration. The recovery rate of >93% has been achieved using spiked cancer cells at clinically relevant concentrations (10 cells per 5 mL and above). We have also successfully detected CTCs from 6 out of 8 non-small-cell-lung-cancer (NSCLC) patients, while none for 5 healthy control subjects. With these results, we envision our approach is a promising alternative for reliable CTC capture, and thus for facilitating the progress of extracting information from CTCs to personalize treatment strategies for solid tumor patients.
Exiting after Brexit: public perceptions of future European Union member state departures
Creators: name: Ganderson, Joseph
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Public opinion scholarship suggests that Europeans broadly interpret Brexit as a cautionary fable rather than an encouraging blueprint to follow. Yet, Brexit singularly demonstrates the possibility of European disintegration, and is but one of multiple recent crises that have brought the potential for member state departures into focus. Drawing on new survey data from 16 countries and using logistic regressions, this article charts Europeans’ perceptions of the likelihood future EU exits over the next decade. It finds evidence of asymmetric motivated reasoning: Euroscepticism and pro-Brexit views strongly associate with perceiving exits likely, while among Europhiles this association is only ameliorated, not reversed. This reveals two gaps with repercussions for understanding EU public opinion dynamics. First, between Eurosceptic policy elites’ softened policy stances on exit and their supporters’ steadfast sense that further departures remain likely. Second, between Europhiles’ scepticism of Brexit and a residual lack of confidence in EU cohesion.
Quiet unity: salience, politicisation and togetherness in the EU’s Brexit negotiating position
Creators: name: Kyriazi, Anna
name: Altiparmakis, Argyrios
name: Ganderson, Joseph
name: Miró, Joan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: A surprising feature of Brexit has been the united front the EU-27 presented during post-referendum negotiations. This membership crisis arrived when the EU had been facing multiple overlapping political and economic crises revealing deep cleavages both between and within member states. How did negotiations prevent a widening politicisation of European integration? In this article a novel dataset is used, containing national and European newspaper Brexit coverage between 2016 and 2020 to establish how negotiating stances were formed in key EU institutions and five influential member states: Ireland, Spain, France, Germany and Poland. The results indicate that the European Commission could maintain a strong, centralised negotiating position over Brexit because the preferences of these member states were mutually inclusive, their negotiating stances aligned, and each national case was subject to generally low levels of domestic politicisation. As a result, while Brexit shocked the EU, its immediate fallout could be contained even during uncertain times.