cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Space weathering simulations through controlled growth of iron nanoparticles on olivine
Creators: name: Kohout, T.
name: Čuda, J.
name: Filip, J.
name: Britt, D.
name: Bradley, T.
name: Tuček, J.
name: Skála, R.
name: Kletetschka, G.
name: Kašlík, J.
name: Malina, O.
name: Šišková, K.
name: Zbořil, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Airless planetary bodies are directly exposed to space weathering. The main spectral effects of space weathering are darkening, reduction in intensity of silicate mineral absorption bands, and an increase in the spectral slope towards longer wavelengths (reddening). Production of nanophase metallic iron (npFe$^{0}$) during space weathering plays major role in these spectral changes. A laboratory procedure for the controlled production of npFe$^{0}$ in silicate mineral powders has been developed. The method is based on a two-step thermal treatment of low-iron olivine, first in ambient air and then in hydrogen atmosphere. Through this process, a series of olivine powder samples was prepared with varying amounts of npFe$^{0}$ in the 7-20 nm size range. A logarithmic trend is observed between amount of npFe$^{0}$ and darkening, reduction of 1 μm olivine absorption band, reddening, and 1 μm band width. Olivine with a population of physically larger npFe$^{0}$ particles follows spectral trends similar to other samples, except for the reddening trend. This is interpreted as the larger, ~40-50 nm sized, npFe$^{0}$ particles do not contribute to the spectral slope change as efficiently as the smaller npFe$^{0}$ fraction. A linear trend is observed between the amount of npFe$^{0}$ and 1 μm band center position, most likely caused by Fe$^{2+}$ disassociation from olivine structure into npFe$^{0}$ particles.
Hydraulic and Sediment Transport Studies in Relation to River Sediment Control and Solid Waste Pollution and Economic Use of the By-Products
Creators: name: Moore, Bruce R.
name: Short, Michael R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University of Kentucky
Year: 1972

description: Abstract:
The distribution of sediments and conditions of transport were studied in the Kentucky, Big Sandy and Ohio Rivers. The sand and coal were in transport at different flow velocities for the rivers and the deposition of these sediments was a direct function of the flow conditions at a particular locality.
The flow conditions of transport of the sediments were studied in flumes as were the hydraulic conditions in model dredge holes to determine the feasibility of trapping sediment. The conditions of scour and fill were also established and compared with known conditions in a dredge hole in the Ohio River. Flow records from gaging stations were analyzed to determine the periods of sediment transport.
The results indicate that solid waste pollutants can be trapped in dredge holes in certain conditions of flow. The principal source of the coal appears to be natural erosion.
Funding information: The work on which this report is based was supported by funds provided by the Office of Water Resources Research, United States Department of the Interior, as authorized under the Water Resources Research Act of 1964.
Apperception: A Game of Ethics
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2019
Subjects: Animal Use
Collaboration
Confidentiality
Conflict of Interest
Human Subjects Research
Intellectual Property and Patents
Mentors and Trainees
Organizational Climate
Publication Ethics
Research and Practice
Workplace Ethics

description: An interactive ethics game for STEM students that blends face-to-face discussions with online interaction, and is easy to integrate into STEM classrooms.
title: Adverse Drug Events Post-Hospital Discharge in Older Patients: Types, Severity, and Involvement of Beers Criteria Medications
Creators: name: Kanaan, Abir O.
name: Donovan, Jennifer L.
name: Duchin, Nerissa P.
name: Field, Terry S.
name: Tjia, Jennifer
name: Cutrona, Sarah L.
name: Gagne, Shawn J.
name: Garber, Lawrence D.
name: Preusse, Peggy
name: Harrold, Leslie R.
name: Gurwitz, Jerry H.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2013

description: Objective: To characterize adverse drug events (ADEs) occurring within the high-risk 45-day period post-hospitalization in older adults.

Design: Clinical pharmacists reviewed the ambulatory records of 1000 consecutive discharges.

Setting: A large multispecialty group practice closely aligned with a Massachusetts-based health plan.

Participants: Hospitalized patients aged 65 years and older who were discharged to home.

Measurements: Possible drug-related incidents occurring during the 45-day period post-hospitalization were identified and presented to a pair of physician-reviewers who classified incidents as to whether an ADE was present, whether the event was preventable, and the severity of the event. Medications implicated in ADEs were further characterized according to their inclusion in the 2012 Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults.

Results: At least one ADE was identified during the 45-day period in 18.7% (187) of the 1000 discharges. Of the 242 ADEs identified, 35% (n=84) were deemed preventable, of which 32% (n=27) were characterized as serious, and 5% (n=4) as life threatening. Over half of all ADEs occurred within the first 14 days post-hospitalization. The percentage of ADEs in which Beers Criteria medications were implicated was 16.5% (n=40). Beers Criteria medications with both a high quality of evidence and strong strength of recommendation were implicated in 6.6% (n=16) of the ADEs.

Conclusion: ADEs are common and often preventable among older adults following hospital discharge, underscoring the need to address medication safety during this high-risk period in this vulnerable population. Beers Criteria medications played a small role in these events suggesting that efforts to improve the quality and safety of medication use during this critical transition period must extend beyond a singular focus on Beers criteria medications.
Climate and Infrastructure I: Why Does It Matter?: CCEP Video 1
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2014
Subjects: Climate Change

description: The first of two brief videos based on interviews with leaders in climate adaptation, city management, engineering systems, public engagement, and other key fields, who gathered at the national meeting on "Climate Change and America's Infrastructure: Engineering, Social, and Policy Challenges," January 28-30, 2013.
Damage spreading transition in an opinion dynamics model
Creators: name: Khaleque, Abdul
name: Sen, Parongama
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the damage spreading phenomena in two different ways in a opinion dynamics model introduced recently. This kinetic exchange type model is characterized by a fraction $q$ of negative interactions and shows the presence of an order-disorder transition at $q_c$. In the traditional method, two replicas of the population are considered in which the opinion of all the agents are identical initially except for a single agent. The systems are then allowed to evolve identically. In the other method, the initial opinions are identical for all agents but the two replicas are evolved independently. In both cases, a damage spreading transition occurs at $q_d$ where $q_d \approx 0.18$ in the traditional method and $q_d =0$ for the other; the damage increases with $q$ above $q_d$ and attains a constant value for $q\geq q_c$. However, the correlation between the evolved states above $q_c$ is clearly different in the two methods.
description: 7 pages, 13 figures
Interactions between $β$-endorphin and kisspeptin neurons of the ewe arcuate nucleus are modulated by photoperiod
Creators: name: Hellier, Vincent
name: Dardente, Hugues
name: Lomet, Didier
name: Cognié, Juliette
name: Dufourny, Laurence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Opioid peptides are well-known modulators of the central control of reproduction. Among them, dynorphin coexpressed in kisspeptin (KP) neurons of the arcuate nucleus (ARC) has been thoroughly studied for its autocrine effect on KP release through $κ$ opioid receptors. Other studies have suggested a role for $β$-endorphin (BEND), a peptide cleaved from the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) precursor, on food intake and central control of reproduction. Similarly to KP, BEND content in the ARC of sheep is modulated by day length and BEND modulates food intake in a dose-dependent manner. As KP levels in the ARC vary with photoperiodic and metabolic status, a photoperiod-driven influence of BEND neurons on neighboring KP neurons is plausible. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate a possible modulatory action of BEND on KP neurons located in the ovine ARC. Using confocal microscopy, numerous KP appositions on BEND neurons were found but there was no photoperiodic variation in the number of these interactions in ovariectomized, estradiol-replaced ewes. In contrast, BEND terminals on KP neurons were twice as numerous under short days (SD), in ewes having an activated gonadotropic axis, as compared to anestrus ewes under long days (LD). Injection of 5$μ$g BEND into the third ventricle of SD ewes induced a significant and specific increase of activated KP neurons (16% versus 9% in controls) while the percentage of overall activated (c-Fos positive) neurons, was similar between both groups. These data suggest a photoperiod-dependent influence of BEND on KP neurons of the ARC, which may influence GnRH pulsatile secretion and inform KP neurons on the metabolic status.
Climate and Infrastructure II: Who Should Address It?: CCEP Video II
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2014
Subjects: Climate Change

description: This video highlights participant views about the wide range of expertise and public involvement that will be needed to respond adequately to the stresses on engineering systems from climate change. It is designed to enable educators and others to engage with engineers and the public about the numerous challenges, and to stimulate discussion about how to respond.
title: Glyconanoparticle Uptake Profile in Lung Carcinoma Cells
Creators: name: Jayawardana, Kalana W.
name: Jayawardena, H. Surangi N.
name: De Zoysa, Thareendra
name: Yan, Mingdi
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2013

description: Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is responsible for nearly 85% of lung cancer, and early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer can circumvent possible death. We focus on glyconanoparticles with a magnetic or a fluorescent core that act as multivalent glyco-scaffold to study cell surface interaction and internalization. The glyconanoparticles were synthesized by conjugating various carbohydrates on magnetic nanoparticles and fluorescent silica nanoparticles by a photocoupling technique developed in our laboratory. The size of nanoparticles used varies from 6 nm to 60 nm. The resulting glyconanoparticles were treated with human adenocarcinoma non-small lung epithelial cells (A549) and the primary small airway epithelial cells (PCS-301-010). The cellular uptake was studied and quantified by confocal fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, thin section TEM, and prussian blue staining. We found that the extent of cellular uptake was dependent on the type of carbohydrate ligands and the nature of the nanoparticles used. Experiments were conducted to investigate the mechanism of the uptake, and results will be discussed.
Dark Clouds, Nanosilver Linings
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2018
Subjects: Emerging Technologies
Ethics and Society
Public Health and Safety
Public Well-being
Research and Practice
Safety
Social Responsibility
Sustainability

description: A work of realistic fiction, this video follows an intrepid TV reporter interviewing a series of societal stakeholders about the prospect of an emerging nanotechnology company (specifically, involving nanosilver food packaging) locating in their economically struggling city. A broad range of ethical issues (STEM ethics, Macroethics) are raised throughout the interview series.
What IceCube data tell us about neutrino emission from star-forming galaxies (so far)
Creators: name: Anchordoqui, Luis A.
name: Paul, Thomas C.
name: da Silva, Luiz H. M.
name: Torres, Diego F.
name: Vlcek, Brian J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Very recently, the IceCube Collaboration reported a flux of neutrinos in the energy range 50 TeV < E_ν< 2 PeV, which departs from expectations from atmospheric background at the 5.7σlevel. This flux is in remarkable agreement with the expected diffuse flux of neutrinos from starburst galaxies, and the 3 highest energy events have uncertainty contours encompassing some of such systems. These events, all of which have well-measured energies above 1 PeV, exhibit shower topologies, for which the angular resolution is about 15^\circ. Due to this angular uncertainty and the a posteriori nature of cuts used in our study it is not possible to assign a robust statistical significance to this association. Using muon tracks, which have angular resolution < 1^\circ, we compute the number of observations required to make a statistically significant statement, and show that in a few years of operation the upgraded IceCube detector should be able to confirm or refute this hypothesis. We also note that double bang topology rates constitute a possible discriminator among various astrophysical sources.
description: Reference added, matching version to be published in PRD
Integrability as a consequence of discrete holomorphicity: loop models
Creators: name: Alam, I T
name: Batchelor, M T
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we explore the relationship between integrability and the discrete holomorphicity of a class of complex lattice observables in the context of the Potts dense loop model and the O(n) dilute loop model. It is shown that the conditions for integrability, namely, the inversion and Yang-Baxter relations, can be derived from the condition of holomorphicity of the observables. Furthermore, the Z-invariance of the models is shown to result in the invariance of the observables on the boundary of a sublattice under reshuffling of the rhombuses of its planar rhombic embedding.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures, minor changes, references updated
Robust Semi-Supervised Anomaly Detection via Adversarially Learned Continuous Noise Corruption
Creators: name: Barker, Jack W
name: Bhowmik, Neelanjan
name: Gaus, Yona Falinie A
name: Breckon, Toby P
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Anomaly detection is the task of recognising novel samples which deviate significantly from pre-establishednormality. Abnormal classes are not present during training meaning that models must learn effective rep-resentations solely across normal class data samples. Deep Autoencoders (AE) have been widely used foranomaly detection tasks, but suffer from overfitting to a null identity function. To address this problem, weimplement a training scheme applied to a Denoising Autoencoder (DAE) which introduces an efficient methodof producing Adversarially Learned Continuous Noise (ALCN) to maximally globally corrupt the input priorto denoising. Prior methods have applied similar approaches of adversarial training to increase the robustnessof DAE, however they exhibit limitations such as slow inference speed reducing their real-world applicabilityor producing generalised obfuscation which is more trivial to denoise. We show through rigorous evaluationthat our ALCN method of regularisation during training improves AUC performance during inference whileremaining efficient over both classical, leave-one-out novelty detection tasks with the variations-: 9 (normal)vs. 1 (abnormal) & 1 (normal) vs. 9 (abnormal); MNIST - AUCavg: 0.890 & 0.989, CIFAR-10 - AUCavg: 0.670& 0.742, in addition to challenging real-world anomaly detection tasks: industrial inspection (MVTEC-AD -AUCavg: 0.780) and plant disease detection (Plant Village - AUC: 0.770) when compared to prior approaches.
description: 18th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications
title: IL-1 Generated Subsequent to Radiation-induced Tissue Injury Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Radiodermatitis
Creators: name: Janko, Matthew
name: Ontiveros, Fernando
name: Fitzgerald, Thomas J.
name: Deng, April
name: DeCicco, Maria
name: Rock, Kenneth L.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2013

description: Radiation injury in the skin causes radiodermatitis, a condition in which the skin becomes inflamed and the epidermis can break down. This condition causes significant morbidity and if severe it can be an independent factor that contributes to radiation mortality. Radiodermatitis is seen in some settings of radiotherapy for cancer and is also of concern as a complication post-radiation exposure from accidents or weapons, such as a ‘‘dirty bomb’’. The pathogenesis of this condition is incompletely understood. Here we have developed a murine model of radiodermatitis wherein the skin is selectively injured by irradiation with high-energy electrons. Using this model we showed that the interleukin-1 (IL-1) pathway plays a significant role in the development of radiodermatitis. Mice that lack either IL-1 or the IL-1 receptor developed less inflammation and less severe pathological changes in their skin, especially at later time- points. These findings suggest that IL-1 pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for reducing the severity of radiodermatitis.
Representations of quivers and mixed graphs
Creators: name: Horn, Roger A.
name: Sergeichuk, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A21, 16G20

description: This is a survey article for "Handbook of Linear Algebra", 2nd ed., Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2014. An informal introduction to representations of quivers and finite dimensional algebras from a linear algebraist's point of view is given. The notion of quiver representations is extended to representations of mixed graphs, which permits one to study systems of linear mappings and bilinear or sesquilinear forms. The problem of classifying such systems is reduced to the problem of classifying systems of linear mappings.
Expanding Urbanization, Education, and Human Futures
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2016
Subjects: Climate Change
Collaboration
Controversies
Cultural Awareness and Sensitivity
Environmental Justice
Ethics and Society
Interdisciplinary Research
International Collaboration
Research and Practice
Sustainability

description: This video highlights remarks from a workshop session about the ethical challenges in addressing urbanization, and the power of interdisciplinary, cross-cultural education and fieldwork in responding to the challenges.
title: BRAIN TOPiC Study: Assessing Variability in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Outcome Prognostication – Do Self-Fulfilling Prophecies Exist in TBI, Too?
Creators: name: Izzy, Saef
name: Compton, Rebecca
name: Carandang, Raphael A.
name: Hall, Wiley R.
name: Muehlschlegel, Susanne
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2013

description: OBJECTIVE: In this study, we surveyed clinicians caring for patients with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI) to assess (1) possible variability in outcome prognostication in TBI, varying by clinicians level of training and medical specialty, (2) possible biases and self-fulfilling prophecies, and (3) whether specific ICU medical complications may influence clinicians in their outcome prognostication.

BACKGROUND: Patients with msTBI commonly die from withdrawal of support, likely as a consequence of an unfavorable outcome prognosis provided to the family by the treating physician. It is unknown whether prognostication may lead to self-fulfilling prophecies, and whether the presence of intensive care unit (ICU) complications may accentuate possible provider bias.

DESIGN/METHODS: We conducted an anonymous electronic survey of clinicians, including faculty members (Neurology, Neurosurgery, Trauma, Anesthesia/Critical Care), neurology house staff, ICU affiliate practitioners and neuroICU nurses at a single Level I trauma center. The survey included three TBI case vignettes and their respective ICU courses. Questions were designed to assess the utilization of known TBI prognostic models, relative importance of ICU complications for outcome prognostication and aggressiveness of care recommended by the survey participant.

RESULTS: The survey response rate was 72% (106 surveys returned). In all 3 cases, the majority of participants did not recommend withdrawal of care, but did predict unfavorable 6-month outcomes. 51% of participants consider medical ICU complications as very important in TBI prognostication. Age, ICU course and head CT findings are the prognostic variables considered most important to outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: We have discovered great variability in outcome predictions made by clinicians with different levels of experience in treating msTBI. Self-fulfilling prophecies may exist in msTBI outcomes. Outcome estimates should focus not only on admission variables, but also on ICU complications in order to guide clinicians in providing prognostication.
A Positive Energy Theorem for P(X,phi) Theories
Creators: name: Elder, Benjamin
name: Joyce, Austin
name: Khoury, Justin
name: Tolley, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a positive energy theorem for Einstein gravity coupled to scalar fields with first-derivative interactions, so-called P(X,phi) theories. We offer two independent derivations of this result. The first method introduces an auxiliary field to map the theory to a lagrangian describing two canonical scalar fields, where one can apply a positive energy result of Boucher and Townsend. The second method works directly at the P(X,phi) level and uses spinorial arguments introduced by Witten. The latter approach follows that of arXiv:1310.1663, but the end result is less restrictive. We point to the technical step where our derivation deviates from theirs. One of the more interesting implications of our analysis is to show it is possible to have positive energy in cases where dispersion relations following from locality and S-Matrix analyticity are violated.
description: 5 pages. v2: Typos corrected, references added
title: Differences Between Women and Men Undergoing TKR and THR in a National Research Consortium
Creators: name: Harrold, Leslie R.
name: Franklin, Patricia D.
name: Li, Wenjun
name: Lewis, Courtland
name: Snyder, Benjamin
name: Rosal, Milagros C.
name: Ayers, David C.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2013

description: Introduction: Prior studies reported higher prevalence of arthritis, greater disability, lower rate of utilization of total knee replacement (TKR) and total hip replacement (THR) in women as compared to men, as well as differences in outcomes after surgery. We examined sex differences in terms of demographic and clinical factors that influence surgical outcomes in a national sample of patients who underwent TKR or THR.

Methods: Patients undergoing primary THR and TKR from 7/1/11 through 12/03/12 were identified from a national research consortium that gathers demographic data, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) estimated from the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) or the Hip injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), Short Form 36 Physical Component Score (PCS) and Mental Component Score (MCS) and musculoskeletal burden of illness. Descriptive statistics were performed.

Results: Primary TKR patients included 2042 women and 1276 men. Women were more likely nonwhite (11.2% vs. 7.5%), unmarried (40.3% vs. 17.8%), lower income (p

Conclusion: In this national sample, women undergoing primary THR and TKR have more severe arthritis, greater functional impairment and greater burden of musculoskeletal disease as compared to men. Understanding these differences will help tailor peri-operative care to the needs of the patients.
Dense plasma dispersion of fast radio bursts
Creators: name: Tuntsov, Artem V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar coronae have been invoked to explain the apparently extragalactic dispersion measures observed in fast radio bursts. This paper demonstrates that the suggested plasma densities would lead to deviations from the standard dispersion curve that are inconsistent with the data. The problem is then turned around and higher-order dispersion terms are connected to the moments of the density distribution along the line of sight. The deviations quantified in three observed bursts are analysed and a lower limit on the maximum electron density is obtained in one case, although with considerable uncertainty. Selection effects are then discussed and shown to be non-restrictive in relation to plasma density, except at the lowest frequencies and highest temperatures.
description: v2: Replaced with (somewhat softer) version published in MNRAS Letters: typos corrected, references updated, a note added in proof
Professional Ethics in Engineering
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2008
Subjects: Conflict of Interest
Workplace Ethics
Confidentiality
Research and Practice
Ethical Decision-Making

description: In a series of videos, each less than ten minutes long, these lectures cover key issues in professional ethics in engineering: professionalism, responsibility, conflicts of interest, confidentiality, ethical decision-making, the Citicorp Center case, codes of ethics, moral theories, and ethics in research.
High Energy Solar Particle Events and Their Relationship to Associated Flare, CME and GLE Parameters
Creators: name: Waterfall, Charlotte
name: Dalla, Silvia
name: Raukunen, Osku
name: Heynderickx, Daniel
name: Jiggens, Piers
name: Vainio, Rami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large solar eruptive events, including solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), can lead to solar energetic particle (SEP) events. During these events, protons are accelerated up to several GeV and pose numerous space weather risks. These risks include, but are not limited to, radiation hazards to astronauts and disruption to satellites and electronics. The highest energy SEPs are capable of reaching Earth on timescales of minutes and can be detected in ground level enhancements (GLEs). Understanding and analyzing these events is critical to future forecasting models. However, the availability of high energy SEP data sets is limited, especially that which covers multiple solar cycles. The majority of analysis of SEP events considers data at energies <100 MeV. In this work, we use a newly calibrated data set using data from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-high energy proton and alpha detector between 1984 and 2017. Analysis of the SEP events in this time period over three high energy channels is performed, and SEP properties are compared to flare and CME parameters. In addition, neutron monitor (NM) observations are examined for the relevant GLE events. We find that correlations between SEP peak intensity and the CME speed are much weaker than for lower SEP energies. Correlations with flare intensity are broadly similar or weaker. Strong correlations are seen between >300 MeV data and GLE properties from NM data. The results of our work can be utilized in future forecasting models for both high energy SEP and GLE events.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures. Published in Space Weather
Bringing Ethics into the Conversation: Professional Responsibility in Engineering [Webinar]
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2020
Subjects: Social Responsibility

description: For a new OEC webinar series, "Working Ethics into the Conversation," Dr. Rosalyn Berne, Director of the NAE's Center for Engineering Ethics and Society, hosted students, academics, and professionals in conversations about teaching ethics. The first webinar conversation was broadcast Feb. 25, 2020. In this webinar, Dr. Michael Loui, professor emeritus of electrical and computer engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, spoke on the subject of "What Is Professional Responsibility in Engineering?" and explained why as professionals engineers have special responsibilities. He was joined by discussant Dr. Jeff Brown, associate professor of civil engineering at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University.
title: Cognitive Status, Initiation of Lifestyle Changes and Medication Adherence after Acute Coronary Syndrome: TRACE-CORE (Transitions, Risks, and Actions in Coronary Events- Center for Outcomes Research and Education)
Creators: name: Hajduk, Alexandra M.
name: Kiefe, Catarina I.
name: Waring, Molly E.
name: Gore, Joel M.
name: Person, Sharina D.
name: McManus, David D.
name: Saczynski, Jane S.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2013

description: Background: Lifestyle changes and medication adherence are often recommended to patients after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) as secondary prevention strategies. However, the impact of cognitive impairment (CI) on these secondary prevention strategies following ACS has not been examined.

Methods: Cognitive status of 1374 patients with ACS from six hospitals in Massachusetts and Georgia enrolled in the ongoing TRACE-CORE (Transitions, Risks, and Actions in Coronary Events- Center for Outcomes Research and Education) study was assessed during hospitalization using the 41-point Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS). Information on recommendation and initiation of changes to diet, exercise, tobacco and alcohol use, stress, and cardiac rehabilitation attendance was collected through self-report one month after discharge. Medication adherence was assessed using the 8-item Morisky Scale. Among patients who reported receiving a recommendation for a lifestyle change, we modeled associations between CI and initiation of lifestyle changes and medication adherence, adjusting for demographics via logistic regression.

Results: Mean age of participants was 63.0±11.1 years, 67% were male and 79% white; 526 (38.3%) screened positive for CI (TICS score ≤30) during hospitalization. Screening positive for CI was associated with being older, male, non-white, and less educated. Patients with CI more frequently received a recommendation to reduce alcohol use (25% vs. 16% of drinkers, p=.003) but were referred less often to a cardiac rehabilitation program (45% vs. 61%, p=.01). Among patients referred to cardiac rehabilitation (n=743), those with CI at baseline were less likely to report rehabilitation attendance at 1-month (OR= 0.70, 95%CI 0.50-0.97) compared to patients with normal cognitive function. Initiation of other lifestyle changes and medication adherence did not differ by cognitive status.

Conclusions: CI is common among patients hospitalized for ACS and is associated with recommendation and initiation of certain lifestyle changes, making it an important factor to consider during the peri-discharge period.
title: Adherence Measurement and Incidence of Bleeding and Systemic Embolism with Dabigatran in a Medicaid Population
Creators: name: Trask, Nicole
name: Kotadiya, Payal N.
name: Gagnon, James
name: Kohn, Mark
name: Lavitas, Pavel
name: Lee, Karen
name: Lewtas, Andrea
name: Lowe, Maria M.
name: Nacopoulos, Alkiviadis
name: Rosenzweig, Tamara
name: Alper, Caroline
name: Jeffrey, Paul
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2013

description: BACKGROUND: The use of warfarin for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) is often complicated by the associated narrow therapeutic index and frequent monitoring. Dabigatran, an oral direct thrombin inhibitor, does not require routine monitoring, produces rapid therapeutic anticoagulation, and has the potential to improve thromboprophylaxis through increased adherence. As such, it is important to evaluate adherence and the incidence of bleeding and systemic embolism with dabigatran in a real-world population with AF.

OBJECTIVE: To measure adherence and incidence of bleeding and systemic embolism with dabigatran in a state Medicaid population with AF.

METHODS: Medicaid members >18 years of age with AF were included if they had >1 paid claim for dabigatran between February 1, 2011 and September 30, 2011. Members were excluded if they had breaks in Medicaid coverage, supplemental insurance or were a female of childbearing age. The index date was defined as the date of the first pharmacy claim for dabigatran. Adherence was measured using medication possession ratios (MPR) for members with >2 paid claims for dabigatran and members with an MPR >0.8 were considered adherent. The incidences of bleeding, stroke and all-cause hospitalization were determined using medical claims data for one year post-index date. Pharmacy claims data was used to report changes in anticoagulant therapy within one year post-index date.

RESULTS: The average MPR was 0.87 and 69% of members were considered adherent. Of the members that started dabigatran, 42.9% continued dabigatran while 21.4% switched to warfarin. Overall, 16.7% of members experienced a systemic embolism and only one bleeding event occurred during the study period. While chest pain and dyspepsia were the most common adverse events, 45.2% of members had no adverse events.

CONCLUSIONS: This evaluation found that while members were adherent to dabigatran therapy, the discontinuation rate suggests poor tolerance to therapy.
Mid-infrared Active Graphene Nanoribbon Plasmonic Waveguide Devices
Creators: name: Ooi, Kelvin J. A.
name: Chu, Hong Son
name: Ang, Lay Kee
name: Bai, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Doped graphene emerges as a strong contender for active plasmonic material in the mid-infrared wavelengths due to the versatile external-control of its permittivity-function and also its highly-compressed graphene surface plasmon (GSP) wavelength. In this paper, we design active plasmonic waveguide devices based on electrical-modulation of doped graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) on a voltage-gated inhomogeneous dielectric layer. We first develop figure-of-merit (FoM) formulae to characterize the performance of passive and active graphene nanoribbon waveguides. Based on the FoMs, we choose optimal GNRs to build a plasmonic shutter, which consists of a GNR placed on top of an inhomogeneous SiO$_2$ substrate supported by a Si nanopillar. Simulation studies show that for a simple 50nm-long plasmonic shutter, the modulation contrast can exceed 30dB. The plasmonic shutter is further extended to build a 4-port active power splitter and an 8-port active network, both based on GNR cross-junction waveguides. For the active power splitter, the GSP power transmission at each waveguide arm can be independently controlled by an applied gate-voltage with high modulation contrast and nearly-equal power-splitting proportions. From the construct of the 8-port active network, we see that it is possible to scale up the GNR cross-junction waveguides into large and complex active waveguide networks, showing great potential in an exciting new area of mid-infrared graphene plasmonic integrated nanocircuits.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
title: Pregnancy Induces Persistent Changes that Potentiate Apoptotic Signaling and Responses to DNA Damage
Creators: name: Hagen, Mary J.
name: Roberts, Amy L.
name: Dunphy, Karen A.
name: Blanchard, Jeffrey L.
name: Troester, Melissa A.
name: Schneider, Sallie S.
name: Jerry, D. Joseph
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2013

description: A full-term pregnancy reduces the lifetime risk of breast cancer by up to 50%. This effect is mediated, in part, by p53-dependent pathways. Gene expression profiling was used to investigate the mechanisms that alter apoptotic responses to DNA damage in the mammary gland. Radiation-induced responses in BALB/c-Trp53+/+ and BALB/c-Trp53-/- mice identified 121 genes that were altered by radiation and p53 status (p53-IR). To determine the effect of parity, mice were mated, force-weaned and mammary glands were allowed to involute for 21 days (parous) and compared with age-matched nulliparous mice. Gene expression profiles were determined in mammary tissues from nulliparous (N), parous (P), irradiated nulliparous (N-IR) and irradiated parous (P-IR) mice. The p53-IR gene signature did not differ among the N-IR and P-IR groups indicating that transcriptional activity of p53 was not altered by parity. However, expression profiles of apoptosis-related genes differed significantly in the parous group. The alterations in parous mammary tissues was accompanied by over-representation of biological processes that included “signal transduction” (e=1.69E-05). Within this set, Wnt signaling was especially pronounced (e

Parity-regulated genes collaborate with p53-dependent targets, which act as a “switch”, to elicit apoptosis following ionizing radiation. The epigenetic states of the parity-regulated genes Tgfb2 and Wnt5a provide a mechanism for the persistent alterations in gene expression and apoptosis in parous mammary epithelial cells.
Many-body Propagator Theory with Three-Body Interactions: a Path to Exotic Open Shell Isotopes
Creators: name: Barbieri, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ab-initio predictions of nuclei with masses up to A~100 or more is becoming possible thanks to novel advances in computations and in the formalism of many-body physics. Some of the most fundamental issues include how to deal with many-nucleon interactions, how to calculate degenerate--open shell--systems, and pursuing ab-initio approaches to reaction theory. Self-consistent Green's function (SCGF) theory is a natural approach to address these challenges. Its formalism has recently been extended to three- and many-body interactions and reformulated within the Gorkov framework to reach semi-magic open shell isotopes. These exciting developments, together with the predictive power of chiral nuclear Hamiltonians, are opening the path to understanding large portions of the nuclear chart, especially within the $sd$ and $pf$ shells. The present talk reviews the most recent advances in ab-initio nuclear structure and many-body theory that have been possible through the SCGF approach.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures; Proceeding of the 17th International Conference on Recent Progress in Many-Body-Theories; Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS). Very minor corrections, published version
Energy Ethics in Graduate Education and Public Policy: Enhancing the Conversation
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2013
Subjects: Energy
Sustainable Development

description: This workshop was intended for educators, policymakers, and representatives from professional societies. It was held on September 12-13, 2013 and featured presentations and discussions to spur participants to think beyond the technical aspects of energy. Participants explored the benefits and challenges of efforts to include energy ethics in graduate education as well as the role of public policy and professional society leadership in encouraging graduate education on energy ethics.
Charged Q-balls and boson stars and dynamics of charged test particles
Creators: name: Brihaye, Yves
name: Diemer, Valeria
name: Hartmann, Betti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct electrically charged Q-balls and boson stars in a model with a scalar self-interaction potential resulting from gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking. We discuss the properties of these solutions in detail and emphasize the differences to the uncharged case. We observe that Q-balls can only be constructed up to a maximal value of the charge of the scalar field, while for boson stars the interplay between the attractive gravitational force and the repulsive electromagnetic force determines their behaviour. We find that the vacuum is stable with respect to pair production in the presence of our charged boson stars. We also study the motion of charged, massive test particles in the space-time of boson stars. We find that in contrast to charged black holes the motion of charged test particles in charged boson star space-times is planar, but that the presence of the scalar field plays a crucial role for the qualitative features of the trajectories. Applications of this test particle motion can be made in the study of extreme-mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs) as well as astrophysical plasmas relevant e.g. in the formation of accretion discs and polar jets of compact objects.
description: 23 pages including 15 figures; v2: references added, comments on limits on model parameters added, discussion on stability with respect to pair production added; matched version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Ethics of Challenge Studies, Avalanche Testing and other Approaches to Vaccine Development [Webinar]
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2020
Subjects: Ethics and Society
Human Subjects Research
Public Well-being
Informed Consent

description: In collaboration with the American Association of Engineering Education (ASEE) Ethics Division, and the Association for Practical and Professional Ethics (APPE), the National Academy of Engineering Online Ethics Center (OEC) hosted series of panel discussions on "Engineering Solutions for the Next Pandemic: Exploring Ethics Concerns."
Shielding by Water and OH in FUV and X-ray Irradiated Protoplanetary Disks
Creators: name: Ádámkovics, Máté
name: Glassgold, Alfred E.
name: Najita, Joan R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an integrated thermal-chemical model for the atmosphere of the inner region of a protoplanetary disk that includes irradiation by both far ultraviolet (FUV) and X-ray radiation. We focus on how the photodissociation of water and OH affects the abundances of these and related species and how it contributes to the heating of the atmosphere. The dust in the atmosphere plays several important roles, primarily as the site of H$_2$ formation and by absorbing the FUV. Large amounts of water can be synthesized within the inner 4 AU of a disk around a typical classical T~Tauri star. OH is found primarily at the top of a warm region where the gas temperature is $T_g \approx 650 - 1000$ K and water below it where the temperature is lower, $T_g \approx 250 - 650$ K. The amounts of water and OH and the temperatures of the regions in which they formed are in agreement with recent Spitzer measurements and support the notion of it in situ production of water in the inner regions of protoplanetary disks. We find that the synthesized water is effective in shielding the disk midplane from stellar FUV radiation.
description: Accepted to ApJ
Ethics When Biocomplexity Meets Human Complexity (Role-Play Workshop) and Nanosilver Linings Case
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2016
Subjects: Emerging Technologies
Ethics and Society
Lab and Workplace Safety
Research and Practice
Responsible Innovation
Safety

description: This activity is considered an NAE Exemplar in Engineering Ethics Education and was included in a 2016 report with other exemplary activities.

Exemplary features: Interactive and creative education approach; consideration of macroethics issues

Why it's exemplary: The Nanosilver Linings case and the workshop, "Ethics When Biocomplexity Meets Human Complexity," that supports it are exemplary because they are based on best practices in the field (e.g., clear definition of learning objectives, active learning, interactive learning, case-based learning, role play), provide instructors with refined and assessed (by both student participants and an external faculty expert) materials sufficient for a 3-hour ethics education workshop, and offer students the experience of STEM-relevant role play with richly detailed stakeholder characters in a realistic hypothetical case. The robust supporting materials provide an organized reading list, instructor checklist, time table, slides, and guidelines for role play. This activity is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (Award #1338682), for the Ethics Education in Science and Engineering (EESE) Program. It is a product of the Collaborative Research project Ethics Education in Life Cycle Design, Engineering, and Management.
title: Reducing Rehospitalizations through Automated Alerts to Primary Care Providers and Staff When Older Patients are Discharged from the Hospital: A Randomized Trial
Creators: name: Gurwitz, Jerry H.
name: Field, Terry S.
name: Ogarek, Jessica
name: Tjia, Jennifer
name: Cutrona, Sarah L.
name: Harrold, Leslie R.
name: Donovan, Jennifer L.
name: Kanaan, Abir O.
name: Gagne, Shawn J.
name: Preusse, Peggy
name: Garber, Lawrence D.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2013

description: Background: Inadequate continuity of care places older patients at very high risk during transitions from the hospital to ambulatory setting.

Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial of an HIT-based transitional care intervention in patients aged 65 and older discharged from hospital to home. All patients were senior plan members of a Massachusetts-based health plan, and cared for by a multispecialty medical group using the EpicCare Ambulatory Medical Record. In addition to notifying providers about the patient’s recent transition, the system provided information about new drugs added during the inpatient stay, warnings about drug-drug interactions, recommendations for dose changes and laboratory monitoring of high-risk medications, and reminded the primary care provider’s support staff to schedule a post-hospitalization office visit. Randomization occurred at the time of hospital discharge during a one-year intervention period beginning in August 2010. Alerts were automatically delivered to the provider and staff in-basket within the EMR. The primary outcomes were: 1) having an outpatient office visit with the primary care provider within 30 days following discharge; and 2) having a rehospitalization within 30 days following discharge.

Results: The study included 3667 discharges of which 1877 discharges were randomly assigned to the intervention arm. Forty-nine percent of discharges in the intervention arm were followed by office visits with the primary care provider within 30 days, compared to 51% in the comparison arm (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.90, 1.03). Eighteen percent of discharges in the intervention arm were followed by a rehospitalization within 30 days compared to 20% in the comparison arm (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.80, 1.05).

Conclusions: This HIT-based intervention was not effective in increasing the percentage of hospital discharges of older patients that were followed by timely office visits to primary care providers or reducing the percentage with rehospitalization.