cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Post-Patch Retraining for Host-Based Anomaly Detection
Creators: name: Locasto, Michael E.
name: Cretu, Gabriela F.
name: Hershkop, Shlomo
name: Stavrou, Angelos
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science

description: Applying patches, although a disruptive activity, remains a vital part of software maintenance and defense. When host-based anomaly detection (AD) sensors monitor an application, patching the application requires a corresponding update of the sensor's behavioral model. Otherwise, the sensor may incorrectly classify new behavior as malicious (a false positive) or assert that old, incorrect behavior is normal (a false negative). Although the problem of "model drift" is an almost universally acknowledged hazard for AD sensors, relatively little work has been done to understand the process of re-training a "live" AD model --- especially in response to legal behavioral updates like vendor patches or repairs produced by a self-healing system. We investigate the feasibility of automatically deriving and applying a "model patch" that describes the changes necessary to update a "reasonable" host-based AD behavioral model ({\it i.e.,} a model whose structure follows the core design principles of existing host--based anomaly models). We aim to avoid extensive retraining and regeneration of the entire AD model when only parts may have changed --- a task that seems especially undesirable after the exhaustive testing necessary to deploy a patch.
Relativistic quantum effects of Dirac particles simulated by ultracold atoms
Creators: name: Zhang, Dan-Wei
name: Wang, Zi-Dan
name: Zhu, Shi-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum simulation is a powerful tool to study a variety of problems in physics, ranging from high-energy physics to condensed-matter physics. In this article, we review the recent theoretical and experimental progress in quantum simulation of Dirac equation with tunable parameters by using ultracold neutral atoms trapped in optical lattices or subject to light-induced synthetic gauge fields. The effective theories for the quasiparticles become relativistic under certain conditions in these systems, making them ideal platforms for studying the exotic relativistic effects. We focus on the realization of one, two, and three dimensional Dirac equations as well as the detection of some relativistic effects, including particularly the well-known Zitterbewegung effect and Klein tunneling. The realization of quantum anomalous Hall effects is also briefly discussed.
description: 22 pages, review article in Frontiers of Physics: Proceedings on Quantum Dynamics of Ultracold Atoms
A Better Approach than Carrier-Grade-NAT
Creators: name: Maennel, Olaf
name: Bush, Randy
name: Cittadini, Luca
name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: We are facing the exhaustion of newly assignable IPv4 addresses. Unfortunately, IPv6 is not yet deployed widely enough to fully replace IPv4, and it is unrealistic to expect that this is going to change before we run out of IPv4 addresses. Letting hosts seamlessly communicate in an IPv4-world without assigning a unique globally routable IPv4 address to each of them is a challenging problem, for which many solutions have been proposed. Some prominent ones target towards carrier-grade-NATs (CGN), which we feel is a bad idea. Instead, we propose using specialized NATs at the edge that treat some of the port number bits as part of the address.
Microstructural analysis of phase separation in iron chalcogenide superconductors
Creators: name: Speller, S. C.
name: Britton, T. B.
name: Hughes, G. M.
name: Krzton-Maziopa, A.
name: Pomjakushina, E.
name: Conder, K.
name: Boothroyd, A. T.
name: Grovenor, C. R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay between superconductivity, magnetism and crystal structure in iron-based superconductors is a topic of great interest amongst the condensed matter physics community as it is thought to be the key to understanding the mechanisms responsible for high temperature superconductivity. Alkali metal doped iron chalcogenide superconductors exhibit several unique characteristics which are not found in other iron-based superconducting materials such as antiferromagnetic ordering at room temperature, the presence of ordered iron vacancies and high resistivity normal state properties. Detailed microstructural analysis is essential in order to understand the origin of these unusual properties. Here we have used a range of complementary scanning electron microscope based techniques, including high-resolution electron backscatter di raction mapping, to assess local variations in composition and lattice parameter with high precision and sub-micron spatial resolution. Phase separation is observed in the Csx Fe2-ySe2 crystals, with the minor phase distributed in a plate-like morphology throughout the crystal. Our results are consistent with superconductivity occurring only in the minority phase.
description: Accepted for publication in a special edition of Supercond. Sci. Technol
MPEC 2023-W155 : EIGHT NEW TNOS
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: EIGHT NEW TNOS

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Colorado water, July/August 2010
Creators: name: Knebel, Lindsey A.
name: Colorado Water Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the state's research universities.
description: Newsletter of the Water Center of Colorado State University. Theme: Water conservation.
The Illumination and Growth of CRL 2688: An Analysis of New & Archival HST Observations
Creators: name: Balick, Bruce
name: Gomez, Thomas
name: Vinković, Dejan
name: Alcolea, Javier
name: Corradi, Romano L. M.
name: Frank, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present four-color images of CRL 2688 obtained in 2009 using the Wide-Field Camera 3 on HST. The F606W image is compared with archival images in very similar filters to monitor the proper motions of nebular structure. We find that the bright N-S lobes have expanded uniformly by 2.5% and that the ensemble of rings has translated radially by 0.07 in 6.65 y. The rings were ejected every 100y for ~4 millennia until the lobes formed 250y ago. Starlight scattered from the edges of the dark E-W dust lane is coincident with extant H2 images and leading tips of eight pairs of CO outflows. We interpret this as evidence that fingers lie within geometrically opposite cones of opening angles {\approx} 30{\circ} like those in CRL618. By combining our results of the rings with 12CO absorption from the extended AGB wind we ascertain that the rings were ejected at ~18 km s-1 with very little variation and that the distance to CRL2688, v_{exp}$ / ${\dotθ}_exp$, is 300 - 350 pc. Our 2009 imaging program included filters that span 0.6 to 1.6μm. We constructed a two-dimensional dust scattering model of stellar radiation through CRL2688 that successfully reproduces the details of the nebular geometry, its integrated spectral energy distribution, and nearly all of its color variations. The model implies that the optical opacity of the lobes >~ 1, the dust particle density in the rings decreases as radius^{-3} and that the mass and momentum of the AGB winds and their rings have increased over time.
description: (51 pages, 6 figures; accepted by ApJ)
A Water and Sanitation Needs Assessment for Kumasi, Ghana
Creators: name: Maoulidi, Moumie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Sanitation
Water resources development--Management
Regional planning
Public health

description: Kumasi, Ghana’s second largest city, is located in south-central Ghana and is a commercial, industrial and cultural center with a rapidly increasing population. The city is making progress towards Target 7C of the Millennium Development Goals, which mandates that the number of people without sustainable access to water and sanitation be reduced by half by 2015. However, while access to piped water in Kumasi has increased from 66.2 percent in 2000 to 80 percent in 2008, and solid waste collection is improving, resident endure irregular water supply and about 40 percent of the city’s residents still rely on public and shared toilets. Since public and shared toilets are not considered to be “improved sanitation facilities” by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP), the city today, with little more than four years to go, remains far from attaining the sanitation target.
Self-Similar Solutions for Viscous and Resistive ADAF
Creators: name: Faghei, Kazem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, the self-similar solution of resistive advection dominated accretion flows (ADAF) in the presence of a pure azimuthal magnetic field is investigated. The mechanism of energy dissipation is assumed to be the viscosity and the magnetic diffusivity due to turbulence in the accretion flow. It is assumed that the magnetic diffusivity and the kinematic viscosity are not constant and vary by position and $α$-prescription is used for them. In order to solve the integrated equations that govern the behavior of the accretion flow, a self-similar method is used. The solutions show that the structure of accretion flow depends on the magnetic field and the magnetic diffusivity. As, the radial infall velocity and the temperature of the flow increase, and the rotational velocity decreases. Also, the rotational velocity for all selected values of magnetic diffusivity and magnetic field is sub-Keplerian. The solutions show that there is a certain amount of magnetic field that the rotational velocity of the flow becomes zero. This amount of the magnetic field depends on the gas properties of the disc, such as adiabatic index and viscosity, magnetic diffusivity, and advection parameters. The solutions show the mass accretion rate increases by adding the magnetic diffusivity and in high magnetic pressure case, the ratio of the mass accretion rate to the Bondi accretion rate decreases as magnetic field increases. Also, the study of Lundquist and magnetic Reynolds numbers based on resistivity indicates that the linear growth of magnetorotational instability (MRI) of the flow decreases by resistivity. This property is qualitatively consistent with resistive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures, accepted by JA&A
NetServ: Early Prototype Experiences
Creators: name: Kester, Michael S.
name: Liu, Eric
name: Lee, Jae Woo
name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Computer science

description: This paper describes a work-in-progress to demonstrate the feasibility of integrating services in the Internet core. The project aims to reduce or eliminate so called ossification of the Internet. Here we discuss the recent contributions of two of the team members at Columbia University. We will describe experiences setting up a Juniper router, running packet forwarding tests, preparing for the GENI demo, and starting prototype 2 of NetServ.
Geodesic Congruences and Their Deformations in Bertrand Space-times
Creators: name: Kumar, Prashant
name: Bhattacharya, Kaushik
name: Sarkar, Tapobrata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the energy conditions and geodesic deformations in Bertrand space-times. We show that these can be thought of as interesting physical space-times in certain regions of the underlying parameter space, where the weak and strong energy conditions hold. We further compute the ESR parameters and analyze them numerically. The focusing of radial time-like and radial null geodesics is shown explicitly, which verifies the Raychaudhuri equation.
description: 1 + 15 Pages, 2 .eps figures. Version 2 : Minor modifications in title and text. Added a reference. Version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Automatic Detection of Defects in Applications without Test Oracles
Creators: name: Murphy, Christian
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Computer science

description: In application domains that do not have a test oracle, such as machine learning and scientific computing, quality assurance is a challenge because it is difficult or impossible to know in advance what the correct output should be for general input. Previously, metamorphic testing has been shown to be a simple yet effective technique in detecting defects, even without an oracle. In metamorphic testing, the application's ``metamorphic properties'' are used to modify existing test case input to produce new test cases in such a manner that, when given the new input, the new output can easily be computed based on the original output. If the new output is not as expected, then a defect must exist. In practice, however, metamorphic testing can be a manually intensive technique for all but the simplest cases. The transformation of input data can be laborious for large data sets, and errors can occur in comparing the outputs when they are very complex. In this paper, we present a tool called Amsterdam that automates metamorphic testing by allowing the tester to easily set up and conduct metamorphic tests with little manual intervention, merely by specifying the properties to check, configuring the framework, and running the software. Additionally, we describe an approach called Heuristic Metamorphic Testing, which addresses issues related to false positives and non-determinism, and we present the results of new empirical studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of metamorphic testing techniques at detecting defects in real-world programs without test oracles.
Colorado water, October 1995
Creators: name: Miller, Shirley
name: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The scope of the newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
description: Newsletter of the Colorado Water Resources Research Institute.
Speech Enabled Avatar from a Single Photograph
Creators: name: Bitouk, Dmitri
name: Nayar, Shree K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science

description: This paper presents a complete framework for creating speech-enabled 2D and 3D avatars from a single image of a person. Our approach uses a generic facial motion model which represents deformations of the prototype face during speech. We have developed an HMM-based facial animation algorithm which takes into account both lexical stress and coarticulation. This algorithm produces realistic animations of the prototype facial surface from either text or speech. The generic facial motion model is transformed to a novel face geometry using a set of corresponding points between the generic mesh and the novel face. In the case of a 2D avatar, a single photograph of the person is used as input. We manually select a small number of features on the photograph and these are used to deform the prototype surface. The deformed surface is then used to animate the photograph. In the case of a 3D avatar, we use a single stereo image of the person as input. The sparse geometry of the face is computed from this image and used to warp the prototype surface to obtain the complete 3D surface of the person's face. This surface is etched into a glass cube using sub-surface laser engraving (SSLE) technology. Synthesized facial animation videos are then projected onto the etched glass cube. Even though the etched surface is static, the projection of facial animation onto it results in a compelling experience for the viewer. We show several examples of 2D and 3D avatars that are driven by text and speech inputs.
dmu/dn In suspended bilayer graphene: the interplay of disorder and band gap
Creators: name: Abergel, D. S. L.
name: Min, H.
name: Hwang, E. H.
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an interpretation of recent experimental measurements of dmu/dn in suspended bilayer graphene samples. We demonstrate that the data may be quantitatively described by assuming a spatially varying band gap induced by local electric fields. We demonstrate that the gap fluctuations vary amongst different samples and that the gap fluctuations are correlated with the associated charge density fluctuations, indicating that the mechanism causing this effect is likely to be an extrinsic effect. We also provide predictions for the optical conductivity and mobility of suspended bilayer graphene samples with small band gaps.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Robust, Efficient, and Accurate Contact Algorithms
Creators: name: Harmon, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Computer science

description: Robust, efficient, and accurate contact response remains a challenging problem in the simulation of deformable materials. Contact models should robustly handle contact between geometry by preventing interpenetrations. This should be accomplished while respecting natural laws in order to maintain physical correctness. We simultaneously desire to achieve these criteria as efficiently as possible to minimize simulation runtimes. Many methods exist that partially achieve these properties, but none yet fully attain all three. This thesis investigates existing methodologies with respect to these attributes, and proposes a novel algorithm for the simulation of deformable materials that demonstrate them all. This new method is analyzed and optimized, paving the way for future work in this simplified but powerful manner of simulation.
The SHARE system : a semantic web based approach for evaluating queries across distributed bioinformatics databases and software
Creators: name: Vandervalk, Ben
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Many bioinformatics studies require combined use of data sets and software developed by different research labs. At the current time, accomplishing such studies requires the development of custom scripts that act as “glue” for the independent resources, performing transformations on the data sets that will allow them to be loaded into a single database and/or shuttled through different pieces of software. Due to the tedium and inefficiency of manual data/software integration, many institutions and research groups have sought to find a more reliable and automatic approach. The most significant integration project in recent years has been the Semantic Web activity of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which aims to automate data integration not only in bioinformatics, but on the WWW as a whole. The goal of the Semantic Web is to interlink data on the web in a manner that is similar to the way that HTML pages are linked, while at the same time making the data available in a universal form that can be easily processed by software. In this thesis, the author describes a distributed query system called SHARE (Semantic Health and Research Environment) which demonstrates how the available standards and tools of the Semantic Web can be assembled into a framework for automating data and software integration in bioinformatics. We find that while SHARE has a similar architecture to existing query systems, the use of Semantic Web technologies has important advantages for the implementation, maintenance, and addition of new data sources to the system. After reviewing the mechanics of SHARE, we examine the crucial problem of optimizing queries in an environment where statistics about the data sources are typically not available. A query evaluation procedure called GREEDY is presented that addresses this challenge by: i) interleaving the planning and execution phases of a query, and ii) learning statistics from the execution of previous queries. We conclude by highlighting the unique strengths of SHARE and GREEDY in relation to other integration systems, and review important areas for future work.
Anomalous behavior of pion production in high energy particle collisions
Creators: name: Bylinkin, A. A.
name: Rostovtsev, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A shape of invariant differential cross section for charged hadron production as function of transverse momentum measured in various collider experiments is analyzed. Contrary to the behavior of produced charged kaons, protons and antiprotons, the pion spectra require an anomalously high contribution of an exponential term to describe the shape.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
genSpace: Exploring Social Networking Metaphors for Knowledge Sharing and Scientific Collaborative Work
Creators: name: Murphy, Christian
name: Sheth, Swapneel Kalpesh
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
name: Wilcox, Lauren
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: Many collaborative applications, especially in scientific research, focus only on the sharing of tools or the sharing of data. We seek to introduce an approach to scientific collaboration that is based on knowledge sharing. We do this by automatically building organizational memory and enabling knowledge sharing by observing what users do with a particular tool or set of tools in the domain, through the addition of activity and usage monitoring facilities to standalone applications. Once this knowledge has been gathered, we apply social networking models to provide collaborative features to users, such as suggestions on tools to use, and automatically-generated sequences of actions based on past usage amongst the members of a social network or the entire community. In this work, we investigate social networking models as an approach to scientific knowledge sharing, and present an implementation called genSpace, which is built as an extension to the geWorkbench platform for computational biologists. Last, we discuss the approach from the viewpoint of social software engineering.
Lenus the Irish Health Repository.pdf
Creators: name: Nascimento, Israel Júnior Borges Do
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine

description: Ireland's central source for Open Access health researchLenus, the Irish Health Research repository is the leading source for Irish research in health and social care. The Lenus collections include peer reviewed journal articles, grey literature, dissertations, reports and conference presentations. Lenus contains the publications of the Irish Health Service Executive (HSE) and the collected research output of over 130 health organisations past and present are all freely accessible.
Developing critical media literacy: a case study of an upper elementary classroom
Creators: name: Carolan, Constance
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2005

description: Bibliography: p. 101-106
description: Forty years after Marshall Mcluhan first spoke of the global village, critical media literacy education is still considered a 'grassroots' initiative. Worldwide, and here in Alberta, teachers interested in critical media literacy have implemented their own programs to help children understand, interpret, create and question the continuous stream of multi-media messages that saturate their day to day lives. In Alberta, the Program of Studies, which all teachers must follow, contains numerous references to 'media texts' but does not provide much elucidation on how to find, use, create or critique them. These references suggest using an alternate media text to 'do something ' rather than to study the media text as 'a something' in its own right. Although the trend towards a more critical media literacy focus in junior and senior high English classes has emerged over the past several years, critical media literacy is almost unheard of in the elementary classroom.
Proceedings 7th Workshop on Model-Based Testing
Creators: name: Petrenko, Alexander K.
name: Schlingloff, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.4; D.2.5

description: This volume contains the proceedings of the Seventh Workshop on Model-Based Testing (MBT 2012), which was held on 25 March, 2012 in Tallinn, Estonia, as a satellite event of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2012. The workshop is devoted to model-based testing of both software and hardware. Model-based testing uses models describing the required behavior of the system under consideration to guide such efforts as test selection and test results evaluation. Testing validates the real system behavior against models and checks that the implementation conforms to them, but is capable also to find errors in the models themselves. The first MBT workshop was held in 2004, in Barcelona. At that time MBT already had become a hot topic, but the MBT workshop was the first event devoted mostly to this topic. Since that time the area has generated enormous scientific interest, and today there are several specialized workshops and more broad conferences on software and hardware design and quality assurance covering model based testing. MBT has become one of the most powerful system analysis tools, one of the latest hot topic related is applying MBT in security analysis and testing. MBT workshop tries to keep up with current trends. In 2012 "industrial paper" category was added to the program and two industrial papers were accepted by the program committee.
Infinite-Dimensional Integration on Weighted Hilbert Spaces
Creators: name: Gnewuch, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Computer science

description: We study the numerical integration problem for functions with infinitely many variables. The functions we want to integrate are from a reproducing kernel Hilbert space which is endowed with a weighted norm. We study the worst case ε-complexity which is defined as the minimal cost among all algorithms whose worst case error over the Hilbert space unit ball is at most ε. Here we assume that the cost of evaluating a function depends polynomially on the number of active variables. The infinite-dimensional integration problem is (polynomially) tractable if the ε-complexity is bounded by a constant times a power of 1/ε. The smallest such power is called the exponent of tractability. First we study finite-order weights. We provide improved lower bounds for the exponent of tractability for general finite-order weights and improved upper bounds for three newly defined classes of finite-order weights. The constructive upper bounds are obtained by multilevel algorithms that use for each level quasi-Monte Carlo integration points whose projections onto specific sets of coordinates exhibit a small discrepancy. The newly defined finite-intersection weights model the situation where each group of variables interacts with at most ρ other groups of variables, where ρ is some fixed number. For these weights we obtain a sharp upper bound. This is the first class of weights for which the exact exponent of tractability is known for any possible decay of the weights and for any polynomial degree of the cost function. For the other two classes of finite-order weights our upper bounds are sharp if, e.g., the decay of the weights is fast or slow enough. We extend our analysis to the case of arbitrary weights. In particular, from our results for finite-order weights, we conclude a lower bound on the exponent of tractability for arbitrary weights and a constructive upper bound for product weights. Although we confine ourselves for simplicity to explicit upper bounds for four classes of weights, we stress that our multilevel algorithm together with our default choice of quasi-Monte Carlo points is applicable to any class of weights.
Optical conductivity of superconducting Rb2Fe4Se5
Creators: name: Charnukha, A.
name: Deisenhofer, J.
name: Pröpper, D.
name: Schmidt, M.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Goncharov, Y.
name: Yaresko, A. N.
name: Tsurkan, V.
name: Keimer, B.
name: Loidl, A.
name: Boris, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the complex dielectric function of high-quality nearly-stoichiometric Rb2Fe4Se5 (RFS) single crystals with Tc=32 K determined by wide-band spectroscopic ellipsometry and time-domain transmission spectroscopy in the spectral range 1 meV<=$\hbar$ω<=6.5 eV at temperatures 4 K<=T<=300 K. This compound simultaneously displays a superconducting and a semiconducting optical response. It reveals a direct band-gap of 0.45 eV determined by a set of spin-controlled interband transitions. Below 100 K we observe in the lowest THz spectral range a clear metallic response characterized by the negative dielectric permittivity ε1 and bare (unscreened) ωpl=100 meV. At the superconducting transition this metallic response exhibits a signature of a superconducting gap below 8 meV. Our findings suggest a coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism in this compound as two separate phases.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Exploring learning assistance teachers’ needs, supports, and challenges in accessing information about reading instruction
Creators: name: Thauberger, Carolyn G.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This exploratory study investigated the needs, supports, and challenges of learning assistance teachers (LATs) in the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and British Columbia (BC), as they sought to develop expertise about reading instruction. Interactions were examined between needs, supports, and challenges, and three contextual factors: (1) distance from a major university, (2) provincial use of LAT qualification standards, and (3) LAT teaching experience. Fifty LATs were interviewed, half of these from the three school districts in each province. Districts were located approximately one, two, or three hours travel distance from a university. Also interviewed were administrators responsible for learning assistance in each district and one education ministry representative from each province with similar responsibility. The data showed LATs spent at least half of their time on reading instruction, yet many felt unprepared for this task when hired. After employment, almost all accessed formal and informal learning opportunities about reading instruction. They wanted more information about reading assessment and instruction before they were hired, and continuous information afterward regarding areas of individual need and about new research, methods, and materials. The expectation that LATs should be expert teachers was among the most consistent of reported supports. LATs said this expectation could be enhanced by the use of provincial standards of LAT qualification. LATs were most challenged by time, costs, and travel. Variations in distance, application of standards, and LAT experience also impacted learning needs and choices. One set of study recommendations came from LATs themselves, and another more interpretive list suggested principles, program types, and actions that could also positively impact LAT expertise. These can be used to enhance LAT access to knowledge in these provinces and elsewhere and thus may positively impact the supply of expert teachers for reading support roles.
Colorado water, January 2020
Creators: name: Lipscomb, Beth
name: Colorado Water Center, Colorado State University
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The newsletter is devoted to highlighting water research and activities at CSU and throughout Colorado.
description: Newsletter of the Colorado Water Center. Theme: Research reports.
Electronic excited state of protonated aromatic molecules: protonated Fluorene
Creators: name: Alata, Ivan
name: Broquier, Michel
name: Dedonder, Claude
name: Jouvet, Christophe
name: Marceca, Ernesto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The photo-fragmentation spectrum of protonated fluorene has been recorded in the visible spectral region, largely red shifted as compared to the first excited state absorption of neutral fluorene. The spectrum shows two different vibrational progressions, separated by 0.19 eV that are assigned to the absorption of two isomers. As in protonated linear PAHs, comparison with ab-initio calculations indicates that the red shift is due to the charge transfer character of the excited state.
Translational molecular imaging and drug development in Parkinson’s disease
Creators: name: Haider, Ahmed
name: Elghazawy, Nehal H.
name: Dawoud, Alyaa
name: Gebhard, Cathérine Simone
name: Wichmann, Thomas
name: Sippl, Wolfgang
name: Hoener, Marius
name: Arenas, Ernest
name: Liang, Steven H.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects elderly people and constitutes a major source of disability worldwide. Notably, the neuropathological hallmarks of PD include nigrostriatal loss and the formation of intracellular inclusion bodies containing misfolded α-synuclein protein aggregates. Cardinal motor symptoms, which include tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia, can effectively be managed with dopaminergic therapy for years following symptom onset. Nonetheless, patients ultimately develop symptoms that no longer fully respond to dopaminergic treatment. Attempts to discover disease-modifying agents have increasingly been supported by translational molecular imaging concepts, targeting the most prominent pathological hallmark of PD, α-synuclein accumulation, as well as other molecular pathways that contribute to the pathophysiology of PD. Indeed, molecular imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can be leveraged to study parkinsonism not only in animal models but also in living patients. For instance, mitochondrial dysfunction can be assessed with probes that target the mitochondrial complex I (MC-I), while nigrostriatal degeneration is typically evaluated with probes designed to non-invasively quantify dopaminergic nerve loss. In addition to dopaminergic imaging, serotonin transporter and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor probes are increasingly used as research tools to better understand the complexity of neurotransmitter dysregulation in PD. Non-invasive quantification of neuroinflammatory processes is mainly conducted by targeting the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) on activated microglia using established imaging agents. Despite the overwhelming involvement of the brain and brainstem, the pathophysiology of PD is not restricted to the central nervous system (CNS). In fact, PD also affects various peripheral organs such as the heart and gastrointestinal tract – primarily via autonomic dysfunction. As such, research into peripheral biomarkers has taken advantage of cardiac autonomic denervation in PD, allowing the differential diagnosis between PD and multiple system atrophy with probes that visualize sympathetic nerve terminals in the myocardium. Further, α-synuclein has recently gained attention as a potential peripheral biomarker in PD. This review discusses breakthrough discoveries that have led to the contemporary molecular concepts of PD pathophysiology and how they can be harnessed to develop effective imaging probes and therapeutic agents. Further, we will shed light on potential future trends, thereby focusing on potential novel diagnostic tracers and disease-modifying therapeutic interventions.
The Columbia Grasp Database
Creators: name: Goldfeder, Corey
name: Ciocarlie, Matei
name: Dang, Hao
name: Allen, Peter K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Computer science
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Collecting grasp data for learning and benchmarking purposes is very expensive. It would be helpful to have a standard database of graspable objects, along with a set of stable grasps for each object, but no such database exists. In this work we show how to automate the construction of a database consisting of several hands, thousands of objects, and hundreds of thousands of grasps. Using this database, we demonstrate a novel grasp planning algorithm that exploits geometric similarity between a 3D model and the objects in the database to synthesize form closure grasps. Our contributions are this algorithm, and the database itself, which we are releasing to the community as a tool for both grasp planning and benchmarking.
Local Relativistic Exact Decoupling
Creators: name: Peng, Daoling
name: Reiher, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic hierarchy of approximations for {\it local} exact-decoupling of four-component quantum chemical Hamiltonians based on the Dirac equation. Our ansatz reaches beyond the trivial local approximation that is based on a unitary transformation of only the atomic block-diagonal part of the Hamiltonian. Systematically, off-diagonal Hamiltonian matrix blocks can be subjected to a unitary transformation to yield relativistically corrected matrix elements. The full hierarchy is investigated with respect to the accuracy reached for the electronic energy and molecular properties on a balanced test molecule set that comprises molecules with heavy elements in different bonding situations. Our atomic (local) assembly of the unitary transformation needed for exact decoupling provides an excellent local approximation for any relativistic exact-decoupling approach. Its order-$N^2$ scaling can be further reduced to linear scaling by employing the neighboring-atomic-blocks approximation. Therefore, it is an efficient relativistic method perfectly well suited for relativistic calculations on large molecules. If a large molecule contains many light atoms (typically hydrogen atoms), the computational costs can be further reduced by employing a well-defined non-relativistic approximation for these light atoms without significant loss of accuracy.
A Model for Automatically Repairing Execution Integrity
Creators: name: Locasto, Michael E.
name: Cretu, Gabriela F.
name: Stavrou, Angelos
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science

description: Many users value applications that continue execution in the face of attacks. Current software protection techniques typically abort a process after an intrusion attempt ({\it e.g.}, a code injection attack). We explore ways in which the security property of integrity can support availability. We extend the Clark-Wilson Integrity Model to provide primitives and rules for specifying and enforcing repair mechanisms and validation of those repairs. Users or administrators can use this model to write or automatically synthesize \emph{repair policy}. The policy can help customize an application's response to attack. We describe two prototype implementations for transparently applying these policies without modifying source code.
Colorado water, August 1998
Creators: name: Bryant, J. B.
name: Miller, Shirley
name: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The scope of the newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
description: Newsletter of the Colorado Water Resources Research Institute.
Opportunistic Use of Client Repeaters to Improve Performance of WLANs
Creators: name: Bahl, Victor
name: Chandra, Ranveer
name: Lee, Patrick Pak-Ching
name: Misra, Vishal
name: Padhye, Jitendra
name: Rubenstein, Daniel Stuart
name: Yu, Yan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: Currently deployed IEEE 802.11WLANs (Wi-Fi networks) share access point (AP) bandwidth on a per-packet basis. However, the various stations communicating with the AP often have different signal qualities, resulting in different transmission rates. This induces a phenomenon known as the rate anomaly problem, in which stations with lower signal quality transmit at lower rates and consume a significant majority of airtime, thereby dramatically reducing the throughput of stations transmitting at high rates. We propose a practical, deployable system, called SoftRepeater, in which stations cooperatively address the rate anomaly problem. Specifically, higher-rate Wi-Fi stations opportunistically transform themselves into repeaters for stations with low data-rates when transmitting to/from the AP. The key challenge is to determine when it is beneficial to enable the repeater functionality. In this paper, we propose an initiation protocol that ensures that repeater functionality is enabled only when appropriate. Also, our system can run directly on top of today's 802.11 infrastructure networks. We also describe a novel, zero-overhead network coding scheme that further alleviates undesirable symptoms of the rate anomaly problem. We evaluate our system using simulation and testbed implementation, and find that SoftRepeater can improve cumulative throughput by up to 200%.
Path-based Access Control for Enterprise Networks
Creators: name: Burnside, Matthew Spindel
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: Enterprise networks are ubiquitious and increasingly complex. The mechanisms for defining security policies in these networks have not kept up with the advancements in networking technology. In most cases, system administrators must define policies on a per-application basis, and subsequently, these policies do not interact. For example, there is no mechanism that allows a firewall to communicate decisions based on its ruleset to a web server behind it, even though decisions being made at the firewall may be relevant to decisions made at the web server. In this paper, we describe a path-based access control system which allows applications in a network to pass access-control-related information to neighboring applications, as the applications process requests from outsiders and from each other. This system defends networks against a class of attacks wherein individual applications may make correct access control decisions but the resulting network behavior is incorrect. We demonstrate the system on service-oriented architecture (SOA)-style networks, in two forms, using graph-based policies, and leveraging the KeyNote trust management system.
Strategic responses to sustainable development in the Canadian oil and gas industry
Creators: name: Kenny, Brenda G.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2005

description: Bibliography: p. 289-306
description: The purpose of this research is to explore the social and environmental forces affecting oil and gas producers in Canada today, and the strategic firm level and industry level responses. The research examines two leading Canadian firms in detailed case studies, as well as range of industry participants and their industry association, the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers. The research addresses aspects of firm level strategy and competitive advantage that are emerging as the socio-political environment has become more complex and salient to firms. Limitations to previous research are addressed in the areas of theories of the firm, stakeholder theory, and law. The main findings are that the firm level competencies and resources must be viewed in the context of both natural resource scarcity and social resource scarcity. Furthermore, firms and institutions require dynamic networks extending beyond the industry structure if they are to succeed in interpreting and responding to the business environment. Those networks involve not only the exchange of knowledge, but a challenging of assumptions, or "reflexive" sense-making, much like that advocated by legal theory in the field of reflexive law. This research presents a model of stakeholders and knowledge creation that incorporates reflexive management processes. This research also presents models of "interests-based" firms driven by the need for legitimacy, and new views regarding value creation in a natural and social resource constrained environment.
On a ternary Diophantine problem with mixed powers of primes
Creators: name: Languasco, Alessandro
name: Zaccagnini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $1 < k < 33 / 29$. We prove that if $λ_1$, $λ_2$ and $λ_3$ are non-zero real numbers, not all of the same sign and that $λ_1 / λ_2$ is irrational and $\varpi$ is any real number, then for any $\eps > 0$ the inequality $ \bigl|λ_1 p_1 + λ_2 p_2^2 + λ_3 p_3^k + \varpi \bigr| \le \bigl(\max_j p_j \bigr)^{-(33 - 29 k) / (72 k) + \eps} $ has infinitely many solutions in prime variables $p_1$, ..., $p_k$.
description: revised version with new title of 1206.0250; submitted. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1206.0252, arXiv:1206.0246