cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The geography and causes of food insecurity in developing countries
Creators: name: Smith, Lisa C.
name: Obeid, Amani E. El
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Smith, Lisa C.
name: Obeid, Amani E. El
name: Jensen, Helen H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Production Economics

description: At the 1996 World Food Summit, 186 countries made a commitment to reduce the number of chronically undernourished people by half by 2015. In order to formulate effective policies for reaching this goal, a thorough understanding of the location and causes of food insecurity is needed. This paper provides a broad overview of the current character of food insecurity in developing countries, focusing on two questions: (1) Why are they food insecure? and (2) Why are the food insecure? To answer the latter question data from 58 developing countries with high prevalences of food insecurity are employed to examine the relative importance of two of food insecurity's most basic causes: national food availability and the inability of people to access food due to poverty. Using child malnutrition as a proxy (along with descriptive controls for non-food determinants of malnutrition), the paper finds little correlation between national food availabilities and food insecurity. The group of countries that exhibit the highest severity of food insecurity are those with high poverty and food (dietary energy) surpluses, consistent with the view that poverty is the most widespread cause of food insecurity in the 1990s. The paper concludes by considering the implications of the analysis for appropriate geographical and policy targeting to improve food security for the greatest numbers of people at the fastest pace, now and into the 21st century.© 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Quasi-chemical study of Be$^{2+}$(aq) speciation
Creators: name: Asthagiri, D.
name: Pratt, Lawrence R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Be$^{2+}$(aq) hydrolysis can to lead to the formation of multi-beryllium clusters, but the thermodynamics of this process has not been resolved theoretically. We study the hydration state of an isolated Be$^{2+}$ ion using both the quasi-chemical theory of solutions and ab initio molecular dynamics. These studies confirm that Be$^{2+}$(aq) is tetra-hydrated. The quasi-chemical approach is then applied to then the deprotonation of $Be(H_2O)_4^{2+}}$ to give $BeOH(H_2O)_3{}^{+}}$. The calculated pK$_a$ of 3.8 is in good agreement with the experimentally suggested value around 3.5. The calculated energetics for the formation of BeOHBe$^{3+}$ are then obtained in fair agreement with experiments.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
The complexity of compatible measurements
Creators: name: Skrzypczyk, Paul
name: Hoban, Matty J.
name: Sainz, Ana Belén
name: Linden, Noah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurement incompatibility is one of the basic aspects of quantum theory. Here we study the structure of the set of compatible -- i.e. jointly measurable -- measurements. We are interested in whether or not there exist compatible measurements whose parent is maximally complex -- requiring a number of outcomes exponential in the number of measurements, and related questions. Although we show this to be the case in a number of simple scenarios, we show that generically it cannot happen, by proving an upper bound on the number of outcomes of a parent measurement that is linear in the number of compatible measurements. We discuss why this doesn't trivialise the problem of finding parent measurements, but rather shows that a trade-off between memory and time can be achieved. Finally, we also investigate the complexity of extremal compatible measurements in regimes where our bound is not tight, and uncover rich structure.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure
Restrictions on the coherence of the ultrafast optical emission from an electron-hole pairs condensate
Creators: name: Olaya-Castro, A.
name: Rodriguez, F. J.
name: Quiroga, L.
name: Tejedor, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the transfer of coherence from a quantum-well electron-hole condensate to the light it emits. As a function of density, the coherence of the electron-hole pair system evolves from being full for the low density Bose-Einstein condensate to a chaotic behavior for a high density BCS-like state. This degree of coherence is transfered to the light emitted in a damped oscillatory way in the ultrafast regime. Additionally, the photon field exhibits squeezing properties during the transfer time. We analyze the effect of light frequency and separation between electron and hole layers on the optical coherence. Our results suggest new type of ultrafast experiments for detecting electron-hole pair condensation.
description: 4 pages,3 figures, to be published in Physical Review Letters. Minor changes
Hornera Lamouroux 1821
Creators: name: Batson, Peter B.
name: Tamberg, Yuta
name: Gordon, Dennis P.
name: Negrini, Marianne
name: Smith, Abigail M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Stenolaemata
Cyclostomatida
Horneridae
Hornera

description: Genus Hornera Lamouroux, 1821
 Type species. Hornera frondiculata (Lamarck, 1816)
description: Published as part of Batson, Peter B., Tamberg, Yuta, Gordon, Dennis P., Negrini, Marianne & Smith, Abigail M., 2021, Hornera currieae n. sp. (Cyclostomatida: Horneridae): a new bathyal cyclostome bryozoan with reproductively induced skeletal plasticity, pp. 257-287 in Zootaxa 5020 (2) on page 263, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5020.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5223271
title: Affiche de la conférence du projet amorce Les matériaux des mosaïstes, ATRI 1
Creators: name: LabexMed
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2017

description: Affiche de la conférence du projet amorce Les matériaux des mosaïstes, ATRI 1, du 15 avril 2015
description: Relation: http://labexmed.hypotheses.org/1291
Policy instruments for sustainable land management: the case of highland smallholders in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Shiferaw, Bekele
name: Holden, Stein T.
name: Shiferaw, Bekele
name: Holden, Stein T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: Degradation of land continues to pose a threat to future food production potential in many developing economies. Various approaches, mainly based on command-and-control policies, have been tried (with limited success) in the past to encourage adoption of erosion-control practices by farm households. High transactions costs and negative distributional impacts on the welfare of the poor limit the usefulness of standards and taxes for soil and water conservation. One innovative approach is the use of interlinked contracts which create positive incentives for land conservation. This study analyses the social efficiency of such policies for erosion-control in the Ethiopian highlands using a non-separable farm household model. Incentive contracts linked with conservation seem to be promising approaches for sustainable resource use in poor rural economies. This may suggest that conservation programs should give greater consideration to better fine-tuning and mix of policies that help achieve both economic and environmental objectives.© 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Acoustic Phonon Anomaly in MgB2
Creators: name: Wood, R. F.
name: Sernelius, Bo E.
name: Chernyshev, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent first principles calculations of the phonon dispersion curves in MgB_2 have suggested the presence of anomalies in some of the curves, particularly in the longitudinal acoustical (LA) branch in the Gamma to A direction. Similar behavior has been observed in numerous other superconductors with T_c's higher than those of standard electron-phonon BCS superconductors. Phenomenological calculations of the Gamma->A LA dispersion based on both an acoustical plasmon and a ``resonant polarization'' mechanism are given here to emphasize the importance of these similarities.
description: 4+ pages, 3 figures, RevTeX 4, revised version, accepted to PRB
MOESM2 of Oral vitamin A supplementation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infected gilts enhances IgA and lactogenic immune protection of nursing piglets
Creators: name: Langel, Stephanie
name: Paim, Francine
name: Moyasar Alhamo
name: Lager, Kelly
name: Vlasova, Anastasia
name: Saif, Linda
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2. Circulating levels of (A) PEDV IgG antibody secreting cells (ASCs), (B) PEDV IgG antibodies (Abs), (C) PEDV virus neutralizing (VN) Abs, (D) CD4+ T cells and (E) CD8+ T cells in mock, mock + VA, PEDV and PEDV + VA gilts at post-infection day (PID) 0, 6–8 and 13–17. Asterisks indicate significant differences among treatment groups at the same time point (mean ± SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using the two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni’s correction for multiple comparisons. *P
Impacts of WTO restrictions on subsidized EU sugar exports
Creators: name: Poonyth, Daneswar
name: Westhoff, Patrick
name: Womack, Abner
name: Adams, Gary M.
name: Poonyth, Daneswar
name: Westhoff, Patrick
name: Womack, Abner
name: Adams, Gary M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Production Economics
subject: Sugar
subject: European Union
subject: World Trade Organization
subject: Econometric model

description: The study evaluates the impact of World Trade Organization (WTO) restrictions on the European Union (EU) sugar sector and the world sugar market. A small reduction in production quotas would be sufficient to satisfy the export subsidy limitations of the Uruguay Round agreement. Complete elimination of export subsidies by 2005 would require either a 10% reduction in production quotas or the combination of an 8% reduction in quotas and an 11% reduction in intervention prices. Higher world prices resulting from reduced EU exports would result in increased production of unsubsidized C-sugar, with different impacts across EU member countries explained by differences in institutional pricing arrangements and marginal production costs. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Mapping Skyrmion Stability in Uniaxial Lacunar Spinel Magnets from First-Principles
Creators: name: Kitchaev, Daniil A.
name: Schueller, Emily C.
name: Van der Ven, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The identification of general principles for stabilizing magnetic skyrmion phases in bulk materials over wide ranges of temperatures is a prerequisite to the development of skyrmion-based spintronic devices. Lacunar spinels with the formula GaM4X8 with M=V, Mo; X=S, Se are a convenient case study towards this goal as they are some of the first bulk systems suggested to host equilibrium chiral skyrmions far from the paramagnetic transition. We derive the magnetic phase diagrams likely to be observed in these materials, accounting for all possible magnetic interactions, and prove that skyrmion stability in the lacunar spinels is a general consequence of their crystal symmetry rather than the details of the material chemistry. Our results are consistent with all experimental reports in this space and demonstrate that the differences in the phase diagrams of particular spinel chemistries are determined by magnetocrystalline anisotropy, up to a normalization factor. We conclude that skyrmion formation over wide ranges of temperatures can be expected in all lacunar spinels, as well as in a wide range of uniaxial systems with low magnetocrystalline anisotropy.
Taira Lehtinen 1967
Creators: name: Zhao, Jing-Xia
name: Wang, Lu-Yu
name: Irfan, Muhammad
name: Zhang, Zhi-Sheng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Amaurobiidae
Taira

description: Genus Taira Lehtinen, 1967
 Taira Lehtinen, 1967: 266; Zhang et al. 2008: 502; Wang et al. 2010: 61; Zhu et al. 2017: 573.
 Type species. Amaurobius flavidorsalis Yaginuma, 1964, by original designation and monotypy.
 Diagnosis. The genus Taira most closely resembles Amaurobius C.L. Koch, 1837 in having a similar median apophysis on the bulb of the male palp; retrolateral and branched dorsal apophyses on the tibia of the male palp; and the presence of teeth and a wide median lobe in the same position as the copulatory ducts in the epigyne. Taira, however, differs from Amaurobius by the following characters: tegular apophysis protruding distally in Taira, whereas arising basally in Amaurobius; retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA) slightly protruding in Taira, whereas strongly protruding in Amaurobius; exterior branch of the dorsal tibial apophysis (eDTA) shorter than the interior branch of dorsal tibial apophysis (iDTA) in males of Taira, whereas eDTA longer than iDTA in Amaurobius males (Figs 3C–E, 25C–E); epigynal teeth wide in Taira females, whereas narrow in Amaurobius females; fertilization ducts retrolaterally curved in Taira females, whereas prolaterally curved in Amaurobius females (Figs 3F, G, 25F, G).
 Distribution. China, Japan and East Malaysia (Borneo) (Figs 24, 28).
 Composition and species groups division. Seventeen species are currently assigned into two species groups: the T. flavidorsalis species - group and the T. qiuae species - group.
description: Published as part of Zhao, Jing-Xia, Wang, Lu-Yu, Irfan, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2021, Furtherrevisionofthemesh-webspidergenus TairaLehtinen, 1967 (Amaurobiidae) with the description of six new species, pp. 457-488 in Zootaxa 5020 (3) on page 458, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5020.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5223576
title: Gottesdienst macht Schule -  Grundprinzipien einer katholischen Liturgiedidaktik
Creators: name: Seper, Daniel
Publisher: name: Universität Graz
Year: 2021

description: Religiöse Bildung in der Schule war lange Zeit liturgisch geprägt bis liturgische
Bildung nicht mehr als Aufgabe des Religionsunterrichts, sondern der pfarrlichen
Katechese gesehen wurde. Gegenwärtige Ansätze versuchen eine Liturgiedidaktik
zu entwickeln, die auf den Lernort Schule angepasst ist. Dabei stellt das Defizit
an gottesdienstlicher Erfahrung eine zentrale Herausforderung dar. Darauf
wird unter anderem mithilfe der performativen Didaktik reagiert, um praktische
Erfahrungen zu ermöglichen, die in Reflexion eingerahmt die Basis für die Auseinandersetzung
mit Liturgie bilden.
description: Schlagworte:
Liturgie – Gottesdienst – performative Didaktik – Schule – Religionsunterricht – katholisch
description: ÖRF 29 (2021) 1, 193–209
Technical efficiency and indebteness of Polish farms before accession to the European Union
Creators: name: Latruffe, Laure
name: Latruffe, Laure
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Production Economics
Productivity Analysis

description: Contrary to what was expected, the structural adjustment of the Polish agricultural sector, observed during the transition which followed the fall of the socialist regime, was a small-scale one: in particular the small farms (7 hectares on average)remained. This study shows that small farms are still prevailing in Poland, not because they are the most technically efficient type of farms, but because the structural change of the sector was constrained by an imperfect functioning of the production factors’ markets . In particular, limited access to credit and the farmers’ pension system may explain this weak restructuring.
Relief de bronze de trépied étrusque Loeb A (Chase)
Creators: name: SAM
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2016

description: Chimère et Pégase
description: date: VIe, 2e quart
description: created: 2975/2016
Scaling of demixing curves and crossover from critical to tricritical behavior in polymer solutions
Creators: name: Hager, J. S.
name: Anisimov, M. A.
name: Sengers, J. V.
name: Gorodetskii, E. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we show that the virial expansion up to third order for the osmotic pressure of a dilute polymer solution, including first-order perturbative corrections to the virial coefficients, allows for a scaling description of phase-separation data for polymer solutions in reduced variables. This scaling description provides a method to estimate the Theta-temperature, where demixing occurs in the limit of vanishing polymer volume fraction $ϕ$ and infinite chain-length $N$, without explicit assumptions concerning the chain-length dependence of the critical parameters $T_c$ and $ϕ_c$. The scaling incorporates three limiting regimes: the Ising limit asymptotically close to the critical point of phase separation, the pure solvent limit and, the tricritical limit for the polymer-rich phase asymptotically close to the Theta point. We incorporate the effects of critical and tricritical fluctuations on the coexistence curve scaling by using renormalization-group methods. We present a detailed comparison with experimental and simulation data for coexistence curves and compare our estimates for the Theta-temperatures of several systems with those obtained from different extrapolation schemes.
description: revtex,18 pages,10 eps figures, submitted to J. Chem. Phys
MOESM1 of Oral vitamin A supplementation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infected gilts enhances IgA and lactogenic immune protection of nursing piglets
Creators: name: Langel, Stephanie
name: Paim, Francine
name: Moyasar Alhamo
name: Lager, Kelly
name: Vlasova, Anastasia
name: Saif, Linda
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Comparison of serum cytokine concentrations (A) interferon (IFN)-α, (B) IFN-γ, (C) interleukin (IL)-10, (D) IL-22, (E) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (f) IL-6 (g) IL-12 (H) IL-4 and (I) transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in gilts at PID 0, 6–8 and 13–17. Statistical analysis was performed using the two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni’s correction for multiple comparisons. Data are mean ± SEM.
Feeding the Army in Global Food Security
Creators: name: Tešanović, Branko
name: Jović, Saša
name: Tešanović, Branko
name: Jović, Saša
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: nutrition
subject: members of the Army
subject: the global food security

description: The Army does not operate independently of the society in which it exists, and is forced to introduce international standards and quality systems, including in the field of nutrition, to safeguard the security of its members in terms of food consumption. Feeding area of the Army may consider the qualitative and quantitative aspects. Qualitative aspect consists in the application of highly effective nutrition programs that provide health-safe and balanced diet of consumers. In this paper, the qualitative aspect of the diet of the Army will be analyzed primarily from the perspective of food safety. Quality management system is the basis of food security during the military reform. Promotion of global food security and the integration of the Republic of Serbia to the WTO will contribute to the aggravation of the degree of implementation of food safety standards in the future. This paper will analyze the achieved level of ISO 9001, ISO 22000 and HACCP in the Army in the past.
Anisotropies of galaxy ellipticity correlations in real and redshift space: angular dependence in linear tidal alignment model
Creators: name: Okumura, Teppei
name: Taruya, Atsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Investigating intrinsic alignments (IAs) of galaxy shapes is important not only to constrain cosmological parameters unbiasedly from gravitational lensing but also to extract cosmological information complimentary to galaxy clustering analysis. We derive simple and useful formulas for the various IA statistics, including the intrinsic ellipticity--ellipticity correlation, the gravitational shear--intrinsic ellipticity correlation, and the velocity-intrinsic ellipticity correlation functions. The angular dependence of each statistic is explicitly given, namely the angle between the line-of-sight direction and the separation vector of two points. It thus allows us to analyze anisotropies of baryon acoustic oscillations encoded in the IA statistics, and we can extract the maximum cosmological information using the Alcock-Pacyznski and redshift-space distortion effects. We also provide these formulas for the intrinsic ellipticities decomposed into E and B modes.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures; Minor changes made to match the version to be published in MNRAS Letters
Breakfast Cereals: The Extreme Food Industry
Creators: name: Connor, John
name: Connor, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Breakfast
subject: cereal
subject: grain

description: The purpose of my talk today is to review several aspects of the market structure, strategic rivalry, and economic performance of the ready-to-eat cereals industry. To do so, I will at times take a long historical view of the breakfast cereals industry because many of the behaviors we observe today seem to me to be imbedded in habits of business rivalry that were learned many decades ago and yet persist today. My perspective on the RTE breakfast cereals industry is informed by nearly twenty years of research on the economics of the 50 food processing industries, and my yardstick for judging the performance of the cereals industry is the economist's vision of the perfectly competitive market, or some reasonably close approximation to that ideal. The subtitle of my paper accuses the breakfast cereal industry to being an extreme case. Compared to other food manufacturing industries.I think the facts speak for themselves. During the 20th century, ready-to-eat breakfast cereals was the only consumer grain-based product that experienced an increase in per-capita consumption. Since the 1960s, the long-run growth of the cereals industry has been one of the highest if not the highest, among all the food industries. Both the increases in real (volume) growth and increases in prices have been near the top of the range, though growth seems to have faltered in the last year or two.
Determining the Scale of Impact from Denial-of-Service Attacks in Real Time Using Twitter
Creators: name: Zhang, Chi
name: Wilkinson, Bryan
name: Ganesan, Ashwinkumar
name: Oates, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Denial of Service (DoS) attacks are common in on-line and mobile services such as Twitter, Facebook and banking. As the scale and frequency of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks increase, there is an urgent need for determining the impact of the attack. Two central challenges of the task are to get feedback from a large number of users and to get it in a timely manner. In this paper, we present a weakly-supervised model that does not need annotated data to measure the impact of DoS issues by applying Latent Dirichlet Allocation and symmetric Kullback-Leibler divergence on tweets. There is a limitation to the weakly-supervised module. It assumes that the event detected in a time window is a DoS attack event. This will become less of a problem, when more non-attack events twitter got collected and become less likely to be identified as a new event. Another way to remove that limitation, an optional classification layer, trained on manually annotated DoS attack tweets, to filter out non-attack tweets can be used to increase precision at the expense of recall. Experimental results show that we can learn weakly-supervised models that can achieve comparable precision to supervised ones and can be generalized across entities in the same industry.
description: DYnamic and Novel Advances in Machine Learning and Intelligent Cyber Security Workshop, December 3--4, 2018, San Juan, PR, USA
Spallation Neutron Source and Other High Intensity Proton Sources
Creators: name: Chou, Weiren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This lecture is an introduction to the design of a spallation neutron source and other high intensity proton sources. It discusses two different approaches: linac-based and synchrotron-based. The requirements and design concepts of each approach are presented. The advantages and disadvantages are compared. A brief review of existing machines and those under construction and proposed is also given. An R&D program is included in an appendix.
description: A lecture given at the 3rd OCPA International Accelerator School, July 25 - August 3, 2002 at Singapore. 26 pages
Taira Lehtinen 1967
Creators: name: Zhao, Jing-Xia
name: Wang, Lu-Yu
name: Irfan, Muhammad
name: Zhang, Zhi-Sheng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Amaurobiidae
Taira

description: Taira qiuae-group   Diagnosis. Male spiders in the T. qiuae species-group (Figs 25C–E, 26C–E, 27C–E) can be differentiated from male spiders in the T. flavidoralis species-group by the following combination of characters: tibia of male palp with two retrolateral apophyses in the T. qiuae species-group, whereas with a single or degenerated apophysis in the T. flavidorsalis species - group; dorsal tibial apophysis with some small teeth-like apophyses, not bifurcated in the T. qiuae species-group, whereas obviously branched in T. flavidorsalis- group; conductor with additional and strongly sclerotized apophysis in the T. qiuae species-group, whereas membranous in T. flavidorsalis- group; tegular apophysis present at the top of the tegulum, covering most of embolus in ventral view in the T. qiuae species-group, whereas originating from the area between the base of conductor and embolus in the T. flavidorsalis species - group. Female spiders in the T. qiuae species-group (Figs 25F, G, 26F, G, 27F, G) can be distinguished from female spiders in the T. flavidoralis species-group by the following characters: lateral margins of the epigynal median lobe indistinct in the T. qiuae species-group, whereas distinct in the T. flavidorsalis- group; spermathecae long in the T. qiuae speciesgroup, whereas oval to round in the T. flavidorsalis species - group; fertilization ducts much longer in the T. qiuae species-group than in the T. flavidorsalis species - group.
 Composition and distribution. Three species are included and all are known only from China: Taira qiuae Wang, Jäger & Zhang, 2010 (♂ ♀), T. sichuanensis Wang, Jäger & Zhang, 2010 (♂ ♀), T. zhui Wang, Jäger & Zhang, 2010 (♂ ♀) (Fig. 28).
description: Published as part of Zhao, Jing-Xia, Wang, Lu-Yu, Irfan, Muhammad & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2021, Furtherrevisionofthemesh-webspidergenus TairaLehtinen, 1967 (Amaurobiidae) with the description of six new species, pp. 457-488 in Zootaxa 5020 (3) on page 481, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5020.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5223576
Factors Influencing Adoption of Tissue Culture Banana in Western Kenya
Creators: name: Masinde, Wanyama J.
name: Obare, Gideon A.
name: Owuor, George
name: Wasilwa, Lusike
name: Masinde, Wanyama J.
name: Obare, Gideon A.
name: Owuor, George
name: Wasilwa, Lusike
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Impact
subject: Tissue culture banana intervention
subject: propensity score matching
subject: propensity score matching (PSM)
subject: productivity income
subject: food security
subject: Kenya

description: The objective of the study was to assess the factors influencing the likelihood of adoption and intensity of adoption of Tissue culture banana in four counties of West Kenya. The study utilized cross-section data to analyze the effect of farmers’ demographic, socioeconomic and institutional setting, market access and physical attributes on the probability and intensity of TCB adoption. A double hurdle model was fitted on the data collected from randomly selected 330 farmers between July 2011 and November 2011. Secondary data were also used to complement the primary data. The study depicted relatively low adoption of TCB was 32% % of total sampled size. The results of the study provided empirical evidence of a significant influence on likelihood TCB adoption were availability of TCB planting material, proportion of banana income to the total farm income, per capita household expenditure and the location of the farmer in Kisii County, while those that significantly influenced the intensity of TCB adoption were. occupation of farmers, occupation of farmers, family size, labour source, farm acreage, farm fertility status, availability/access of TCB plantlets to farmers, distance to banana market, use of manure in planting bananas, agricultural extension services, average index technology attributes, bundumy was positive (sugarcane zone). Therefore, the results of the study suggest that the probability of adoption and intensity of use of TCB should be enhanced by taking cognizance of these variables in order to meet the priority needs of smallholder farmers who were target group and to alleviate the food shortage problem in the country in general and in the study area in particular. Opening up more TCB multiplication centres and widening the technology to other banana cultivars would enhance the impact of the technology.
Kalb--Ramond dipole solution in low-energy bosonic string theory
Creators: name: Herrera-Aguilar, A.
name: Kechkin, Oleg V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a new solution subspace for the bosonic string theory toroidally compactified to 3 dimensions. This subspace corresponds to the complex harmonic scalar field coupled to the effective 3--dimensional gravity. We calculate a class of the asymptotically flat and free of the Dirac string peculiarity solutions which describes a Kalb--Ramond dipole source with the generally nontrivial dilaton charge.
description: 14 pages in LATEX
Time and energy operators in the canonical quantization of special relativity
Creators: name: Aguillón, C. A.
name: Bauer, M.
name: García, G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on Lorentz invariance and Born reciprocity invariance, the canonical quantization of Special Relativity (SR) is shown to provide a unified origin for: i) the complex vector space formulation of Quantum Mechanics (QM); ii) the momentum and space commutation relations and the corresponding representations; iii) the Dirac Hamiltonian in the formulation of Relativistic Quantum Mechanics (RQM); iv) the existence of a self adjoint Time Operator that circumvents Pauli's objection.
description: 11 pages
MOESM2 of Fostering international collaboration in implementation science and research: a concept mapping exploratory study
Creators: name: Aarons, Gregory
name: Chariz Seijo
name: Green, Amy
name: Moullin, Joanna
name: Hasson, Henna
name: Schwarz, Ulrica Von Thiele
name: James, Sigrid
name: Ehrhart, Mark
name: Ducarroz, Simon
name: Sevdalis, Nick
name: Willging, Cathleen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.Â List of statements within each cluster.
The Value of Advice: Evidence from Mobile Phone-Based Agricultural Extension
Creators: name: Cole, Shawn A.
name: Fernando, A. Nilesh
name: Cole, Shawn A.
name: Fernando, A. Nilesh
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: Agribusiness
Productivity Analysis

description: Attempts to explain the astonishing differences in agricultural productivity around the world typically focus on farm size, farmer risk aversion, and credit constraints, with an emphasis on how they might serve to limit technology adoption. This paper takes a different tack: can managerial practices explain this variation in productivity? A randomized evaluation of the introduction of a mobile-phone based agricultural consulting service, “Avaaj Otalo (AO)” to cotton farmers in Gujarat, India, reveals the following. Demand for agricultural advice is high, with more than half of farmers calling AO in the first seven months. Farmers offered the service turn less often to other farmers and input sellers for agricultural advice. Management practices change as well: we observe an increase in the adoption of more effective pesticides, and reduced expenditure on less effective and hazardous pesticides. Treated farmers also sow a significantly larger quantity of cumin, a lucrative but risky crop. Interestingly, use of the service is increasing in the level of farmer education, but education levels do not affect the size of treatment effects. Farmers appear willing to follow advice without understanding why the advice is correct: the average respondent does not demonstrate improved agricultural knowledge, though there is some evidence educated farmers learn from the service.
Pygmaeodrilus Michaelsen 1890
Creators: name: Csuzdi, Csaba
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Haplotaxida
Ocnerodrilidae
Pygmaeodrilus

description: Genus Pygmaeodrilus Michaelsen, 1890
 Pygmaeodrilus Michaelsen 1890, p. 11, Michaelsen 1900, p. 385, Michaelsen 1912, p. 41, Michaelsen 1936a, p. 222, Jamieson 1957, p. 449, Zicsi 1996, p. 34.
description: Published as part of Csuzdi, Csaba, 2008, Earthworms from the Kivu Region, D. R. Congo with description of two new Dichogaster Beddard, 1888 (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Ocnerodrilidae), pp. 2227-2241 in Journal of Natural History 42 (33 - 34) on page 2237, DOI: 10.1080/00222930802277616, http://zenodo.org/record/5223730
Electrophoresis of a charge inverted macroion complex: Molecular dynamics study
Creators: name: Tanaka, Motohiko
name: Grosberg, A. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed molecular dynamics simulations to study the effect of an external electric field on a macroion in the solution of multivalent Z:1 salt. To obtain plausible hydrodynamics of the medium, we explicitly make the simulation of many neutral particles along with ions. In a weak electric field, the macroion drifts together with the strongly adsorbed multivalent counterions along the electric field, in the direction proving inversion of the charge sign. The reversed mobility of the macroion is insensitive to the external field, and increases with salt ionic strength. The reversed mobility takes a maximal value at intermediate counterion valence. The motion of the macroion complex does not induce any flow of the neutral solvent away from the macroion, which reveals screening of the hydrodynamic interactions at short distances in electrolyte solutions. A very large electric field, comparable to the macroion unscreened field, disrupts charge inversion by stripping the adsorbed counterions off the macroion.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
A Chart-Parsing Algorithm for Efficient Semantic Analysis
Creators: name: Vaillant, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7; F.2.2

description: In some contexts, well-formed natural language cannot be expected as input to information or communication systems. In these contexts, the use of grammar-independent input (sequences of uninflected semantic units like e.g. language-independent icons) can be an answer to the users' needs. A semantic analysis can be performed, based on lexical semantic knowledge: it is equivalent to a dependency analysis with no syntactic or morphological clues. However, this requires that an intelligent system should be able to interpret this input with reasonable accuracy and in reasonable time. Here we propose a method allowing a purely semantic-based analysis of sequences of semantic units. It uses an algorithm inspired by the idea of ``chart parsing'' known in Natural Language Processing, which stores intermediate parsing results in order to bring the calculation time down. In comparison with using declarative logic programming - where the calculation time, left to a prolog engine, is hyperexponential -, this method brings the calculation time down to a polynomial time, where the order depends on the valency of the predicates.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, LaTeX 2e using COLACL and EPSF packages. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING 2002), Taipei, Republic of China (Taiwan), 24 Aug. - 1 Sept. 2002
Labor-savings of Roundup Ready Maize: Impact on Cost and Input Substitution for South African Smallholders
Creators: name: Regier, Gregory K.
name: Dalton, Timothy J.
name: Regier, Gregory K.
name: Dalton, Timothy J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: cost function
subject: elasticities of factor substitution
subject: genetically modified
subject: labor-saving
subject: maize
subject: nonparametric regression
subject: Roundup Ready®
subject: South Africa

description: This study examines the impact of genetically modified maize on labor, cost, and input substitutability for smallholders in South Africa. Data was collected during the 2009- 2010 maize production season from 184 households with a total of 212 maize plots in two regions, Hlabisa and Simdlangetsha, located in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Producers of Roundup Ready® (RR) maize use significantly less child, female, and male labor than non- RR producers, resulting in lower costs in spite of significantly higher herbicide, seed, and fertilizer prices. An unrestricted cost function approach is used to evaluate the differences in cost between maize varieties, assuming that households use different input allocations to minimize cost while producing a fixed level of output. A treatment effects model used to control for selection bias shows that the entire cost advantage and more can be attributed to the Roundup Ready® technology. The treatment effects model reveals that RR maize producers have $102.44 (30%) lower costs per maize plot after taking into consideration the inverse Mills ratio, suggesting that the OLS model underestimated the cost-reducing effect of RR maize. Therefore, the entire cost advantage and more can be attributed to RR maize after isolating the effect of RR maize on total cost by disentangling the lower costs attributed to RR maize from those associated with farm and farmer characteristics. These results are confirmed using a nonparametric kernel density estimator. Elasticities of factor substitution indicate strong substitutability among inputs; however, lack of statistical significance limits interpretation of results.
MOESM1 of Fostering international collaboration in implementation science and research: a concept mapping exploratory study
Creators: name: Aarons, Gregory
name: Chariz Seijo
name: Green, Amy
name: Moullin, Joanna
name: Hasson, Henna
name: Schwarz, Ulrica Von Thiele
name: James, Sigrid
name: Ehrhart, Mark
name: Ducarroz, Simon
name: Sevdalis, Nick
name: Willging, Cathleen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.Â GO Zone map.
Analytical Modeling of the White Light Fringe
Creators: name: Turyshev, Slava G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We developed analytical technique for extracting the phase, visibility and amplitude information as needed for interferometric astrometry with the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM). Our model accounts for a number of physical and instrumental effects, and is valid for a general case of bandpass filter. We were able to obtain general solution for polychromatic phasors and address properties of unbiased fringe estimators in the presence of noise. For demonstration purposes we studied the case of rectangular bandpass filter with two different methods of optical path difference (OPD) modulation -- stepping and ramping OPD modulations. A number of areas of further studies relevant to instrument design and simulations are outlined and discussed.
description: 59 pages, 7 figures
Follow the Money: Methods for Identifying Consumption and Investment Responses to a Liquidity Shock
Creators: name: Karlan, Dean S.
name: Osman, Adam
name: Zinman, Jonathan
name: Karlan, Dean S.
name: Osman, Adam
name: Zinman, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: International Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: loan use
subject: consumption
subject: investment
subject: liquidity constraint
subject: liquidity shock
subject: fungibility
subject: microcredit
subject: microenterprise

description: Identifying the impacts of liquidity shocks on spending decisions is difficult methodologically but important for theory, practice, and policy. Using seven different methods on microenterprise loan applicants, we find striking results. Borrowers report uses of loan proceeds strategically, and more generally their reporting depends on elicitation method. Borrowers also interpret loan use questions differently than the key counterfactual: spending that would not have occurred sans loan. We identify the counterfactual using random assignment of loan approvals and short-run follow-up elicitation of major household and business cash outflows, and estimate that about 100% of loan-financed spending is on business inventory.
Climate, International Trade and Crop Biodiversity in West Africa Countries
Creators: name: Aboua, Christian
name: Aboua, Christian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: climate change
subject: international trade
subject: crop biodiversity

description: The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of climate change and international trade on crop biodiversity in West Africa countries. For several years the problem of food security arising in these countries. Climate change (temperature, rainfall), international trade through trade policies that stimulate trade flow, lead to high conversion of land allocated to the production of food for the benefit of agricultural raw materials. This study focuses on the West Africa countries. We use data from FAO, WDI, UNCTAD, CRU data and GPPC database to estimate the impact of climate change and international trade on crop biodiversity through an econometric regression using dynamic panel data. The results find evidence that climate change and trade influence negatively crop diversity. Also find evidence that irrigation and fertilizers use are best way for conservation of crop diversity.
Supergravity and the Poincare group
Creators: name: Salgado, P.
name: Cataldo, M.
name: del Campo, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An action for 3+1-dimensional supergravity genuinely invariant under the Poincare supergroup is proposed. The construction of the action is carried out considering a bosonic lagrangian invariant under both local Lorentz rotations and local Poincare translations as well as under diffeomorphism, and therefore the Poincare algebra closes off-shell. Since the lagrangian is invariant under the Poincare supergroup, the supersymmetry algebra closes off shell without the need of auxiliary fields.
description: 6 pages, Latex
Marginal Value of Irrigation Water in Wheat Production Systems of Central Tunisia
Creators: name: Frija, Aymen
name: Chebil, Ali
name: Cheikh M'Hamed, Hatem
name: Frija, Aymen
name: Chebil, Ali
name: Cheikh M'Hamed, Hatem
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Durum wheat
subject: Central Tunisia
subject: marginal water value

description: Recent studies on the economics of agricultural water management in Tunisia report a low water productivity of some presently widely cultivated crops such as durum wheat. The objective of this study is to estimate water productivity and marginal value of irrigation water applied to durum wheat in central Tunisia, region of Kairouan. We develop a production function, in which the irrigation revenue of farmers per hectare is expressed in terms of the used water volume in addition to other production factors. Results show that 31.7 % of farmers were applying water volumes above the economic optimal volume (more than 2900 mm/ha). Moreover, 50 % of farmers were found to be applying less irrigation water than this optimal volume. Applying water above the optimal volume means that the benefit farmers generate from each supplementary unit of irrigation water is lower than the market price of irrigation water currently applied in the region (0.110 TND/m3). Water is then wasted. However, using less water than this optimal volume means that farmers can make further supplementary irrigations and generate more benefit from it (extra-yield). The study also shows that most of farmers in the study area are not performing the irrigation scheduling and the appropriate irrigation doses. Improving these irrigation performances will surely preserve the water resources and enhance the food security in Tunisia.