cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Improving Interpretability of Word Embeddings by Generating Definition and Usage
Creators: name: Zhang, Haitong
name: Du, Yongping
name: Sun, Jiaxin
name: Li, Qingxiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Word embeddings are substantially successful in capturing semantic relations among words. However, these lexical semantics are difficult to be interpreted. Definition modeling provides a more intuitive way to evaluate embeddings by utilizing them to generate natural language definitions of corresponding words. This task is of great significance for practical application and in-depth understanding of word representations. We propose a novel framework for definition modeling, which can generate reasonable and understandable context-dependent definitions. Moreover, we introduce usage modeling and study whether it is possible to utilize embeddings to generate example sentences of words. These ways are a more direct and explicit expression of embedding's semantics for better interpretability. We extend the single task model to multi-task setting and investigate several joint multi-task models to combine usage modeling and definition modeling together. Experimental results on existing Oxford dataset and a new collected Oxford-2019 dataset show that our single-task model achieves the state-of-the-art result in definition modeling and the multi-task learning methods are helpful for two tasks to improve the performance.
Additional file 3 of Phase 1 clinical trial of the PI3Kδ inhibitor YY-20394 in patients with B-cell hematological malignancies
Creators: name: Jiang, Bo
name: Qi, Junyuan
name: Song, Yuqin
name: Li, Zengjun
name: Tu, Meifeng
name: Ping, Lingyan
name: Liu, Zongliang
name: Bao, Hanying
name: Xu, Zusheng
name: Qiu, Lugui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 3. Table S2: Basic characteristics of patients in each group.
Optimal Triangulation Using an Evolutionary Algorithm
Creators: name: Malihe Jahani
name: Bigham, Bahram Sadeghi
name: Askari, Abbas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Computer Science
subject: Theoretical Computer Science
subject: 10299 Applied Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A triangulation of a point set in the plane is a maximal planar straight-line graph with the vertexset . In the Minimum Weight Triangulation (MWT)problem, we want to draw a triangulation of a givenpoint set that minimizes the sum of the edges length.Recently, Mulzer and Rote have proved that thisproblem is NP-hard. In this paper, we present anevolutionary algorithm using Ant ColonyOptimization to solve this problem.
High resolution spatial and timing observations of millisecond pulsar PSR J0218+4232 with Chandra
Creators: name: Kuiper, L.
name: Hermsen, W.
name: Verbunt, F.
name: Ord, S.
name: Stairs, I.
name: Lyne, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on high-resolution spatial and timing results for binary millisecond pulsar PSR J0218+4232 obtained with the Chandra HRC-I and HRC-S in imaging mode. We found no indications for extended emission at 1 arcsec scales. With the HRC-S observation we obtained a 0.08-10 keV pulse profile with high statistics which could be compared in absolute time with the pulse profiles at radio-frequencies and at high-energy gamma-rays. The two X-ray pulses at aligned with 2 of the 3 radio-pulses, and with the 2 gamma-ray pulses.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, Accepted for publication in ApJ Part-1
Revised mass-radius relationships for water-rich rocky planets more irradiated than the runaway greenhouse limit
Creators: name: Turbet, Martin
name: Bolmont, Emeline
name: Ehrenreich, David
name: Gratier, Pierre
name: Leconte, Jérémy
name: Selsis, Franck
name: Hara, Nathan
name: Lovis, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mass-radius relationships for water-rich rocky planets are usually calculated assuming most water is present in condensed (either liquid or solid) form. Planet density estimates are then compared to these mass-radius relationships, even when these planets are more irradiated than the runaway greenhouse irradiation limit (around 1.1~times the insolation at Earth for planets orbiting a Sun-like star), for which water has been shown to be unstable in condensed form and would instead form a thick H2O-dominated atmosphere. Here we use the LMD Generic numerical climate model to derive new mass-radius relationships appropriate for water-rich rocky planets that are more irradiated than the runaway greenhouse irradiation limit, meaning planets endowed with a steam, water-dominated atmosphere. For a given water-to-rock mass ratio, these new mass-radius relationships lead to planet bulk densities much lower than calculated when water is assumed to be in condensed form. In other words, using traditional mass-radius relationships for planets that are more irradiated than the runaway greenhouse irradiation limit tends to dramatically overestimate -- possibly by several orders of magnitude -- their bulk water content. In particular, this result applies to TRAPPIST-1 b, c, and d, which can accommodate a water mass fraction of at most 2, 0.3 and 0.08 %, respectively, assuming planetary core with a terrestrial composition. In addition, we show that significant changes of mass-radius relationships (between planets less and more irradiated than the runaway greenhouse limit) can be used to remove bulk composition degeneracies in multiplanetary systems such as TRAPPIST-1. Finally, we provide an empirical formula for the H2O steam atmosphere thickness which can be used to construct mass-radius relationships for any water-rich, rocky planet more irradiated than the runaway greenhouse irradiation threshold.
description: Final version published in A&A. (small typos in Tables 1 and 2 have been corrected)
Consumer preferences in food packaging: cub models and conjoint analysis
Creators: name: Arboretti Giancristofaro, Rosa
name: Bordignon, Paolo
name: Arboretti Giancristofaro, Rosa
name: Bordignon, Paolo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Do not cite. ​This piece is an early draft of a paper due to be published in 2016 by British Food Journal. A full citation to the formal publication will be provided here when available.
Contribution of One-Time Pair Correlation Function to Kinetic Phenomena in Nonequilibrium Gas
Creators: name: Shul'man, A. Ya.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been established in nineteen seventies that in nonequilibrium case the pair collisions generate non-zero two-particle correlations which are non-diagonal in momentum space and give the essential contribution to the current fluctuations of hot electrons. It is shown here that this correlations give also a contribution to the collision integral, i.e., to kinetic properties of nonequilibrium gas. The expression for electron energy loss rate P via phonons is re-derived in detail from this point of view. The contribution of the non-diagonal part of the nonequilibrium pair correlator to phonon-electron collision integral and to P is obtained and explicitly calculated in the electron temperature approximation. It is shown that these results can be obtained from stochastic non-linear kinetic equation with Langevin fluctuation force. Such an approach allows to formulate the simple general conditions under that a contribution of two-particle correlations might be essential in kinetics. The contribution obtained does not contain the extra powers of small gas parameter unlike the equilibrium virial decompositions.
description: 6 pages, based on the report presented at the conference ``Progress in Nonequilibrium Green's Functions'', Dresden, Germany, 19.-22. August 2002
The Consequences of Non-Normality
Creators: name: Hip, I.
name: Lippert, Th.
name: Neff, H.
name: Schilling, K.
name: Schroers, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-normality of Wilson-type lattice Dirac operators has important consequences - the application of the usual concepts from the textbook (hermitian) quantum mechanics should be reconsidered. This includes an appropriate definition of observables and the refinement of computational tools. We show that the truncated singular value expansion is the optimal approximation to the inverse operator D^{-1} and we prove that due to the gamma_5-hermiticity it is equivalent to gamma_5 times the truncated eigenmode expansion of the hermitian Wilson-Dirac operator.
description: Lattice2001(theorydevelop)
Additional file 5 of Comparative genomic analysis revealed genetic divergence between Bifidobacterium catenulatum subspecies present in infant versus adult guts
Creators: name: Liu, Jiaqi
name: Li, Weicheng
name: Yao, Caiqing
name: Yu, Jie
name: Zhang, Heping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5: Fig. S2. A display of thegenome circle map of 16 B. catenulatum genomes. The figure was generatedbased on comparison of 16 B. catenulatum genomes according to percentageidentity (100%, 90%, or 70%). The numbers on the rings from inside to outside,1: JCM15439T, 2: DSM21854(2)T, 3: DSM21854T,4: APCKJ1, 5: PV20-2, 6: HGUT-01490, 7: LMG11043T, 8: A1, 9: A3, 10:A2, 11: 1899B, 12: DSM16992T, 13: DSM16992(2)T, 14:JCM1164T, 15: IMAUFB085, 16: IMAUFB087.
CP-violation and mixing in charmed mesons
Creators: name: Petrov, Alexey A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Standard Model contribution to D0-anti-D0 mixing is dominated by the contributions of light s and d quarks. Neglecting the tiny effects due to b quark, both mass and lifetime differences vanish in the limit of SU(3)_F symmetry. Thus, the main challenge in the Standard Model calculation of the mass and width difference in the D0-anti-D0 system is to estimate the size of SU(3) breaking effects. We prove that D meson mixing occurs in the Standard Model only at second order in SU(3) violation. We consider the possibility that phase space effects may be the dominant source of SU(3) breaking. We find that y=(ΔΓ)/(2Γ) of the order of one percent is natural in the Standard Model, potentially reducing the sensitivity to new physics of measurements of D meson mixing. We also discuss the possibility of observing lifetime differences and CP violation in charmed mesons both at the currently operating and proposed facilities.
description: 13 pages, no figures, invited talk at Continuous Advances in QCD 2002 / ARKADYFEST, May 17-23, 2002
1-phenyl 2-thiourea (PTU) activates autophagy in zebrafish embryos
Creators: name: Chen, Xiang-Ke
name: Kwan, Joseph Shiu-Kwong
name: Chang, Raymond Chuen-Chung
name: Ma, Alvin Chun-Hang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology

description: 1-phenyl 2-thiourea (PTU) is a Tyr (tyrosinase) inhibitor that is extensively used to block pigmentation and improve optical transparency in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo. Here, we reported a previously undescribed effect of PTU on macroautophagy/autophagy in zebrafish embryos. Upon 0.003% PTU treatment, aberrant autophagosome and autolysosome formation, accumulation of lysosomes, and elevated autophagic flux were observed in various tissues and organs of zebrafish embryos, such as skin, brain, and muscle. Similar to PTU treatment, autophagic activation and lysosomal accumulation were also observed in the somatic tyr mutant zebrafish embryos, which suggest that Tyr inhibition may contribute to PTU-induced autophagic activation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that autophagy contributes to pigmentation inhibition, but is not essential to the PTU-induced pigmentation inhibition. With the involvement of autophagy in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes and the routine use of PTU in zebrafish research of autophagy-related processes, these observations raise a novel concern in autophagy-related studies using PTU-treated zebrafish embryos. Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; Atg: autophagy-related; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CHT: caudal hematopoietic tissue; CQ: chloroquine; GFP: green fluorescent protein; hpf: hour-post-fertilization; Map1lc3/Lc3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; NGS: normal goat serum; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PTU: 1-phenyl 2-thiourea; RFP: red fluorescent protein; Sqstm1: sequestosome 1; tyr: tyrosinase.
The Identity and International Relations of Orkney and Dublin in the long Eleventh Century
Creators: name: Ellis, Caitlin
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: Vikings
Scotland
Ireland
medieval
Britain
Scandinavia

description: This thesis investigates the concept of ‘diaspora’ as it applies to the Scandinavian settlements of Orkney and Dublin in the eleventh century. Comparative analysis identifies how key differences in the settlements’ location and make-up affected their dynamic, and even opportunistic, set of relationships with their Scandinavian ‘homelands’ and with their Insular neighbours. Drawing on archaeological and written evidence, and adopting an interdisciplinary approach, produces a more sophisticated and holistic examination of Orkney and Dublin’s political, ecclesiastical, economic, and cultural connections, while helping to reveal when our source information is concentrated in a particular area, or lacking in another. As regards politics in Chapter One, Norwegian kings were only occasionally able to exert control over Orkney, but Scandinavia had even less direct political influence on Dublin. In the ecclesiastical sphere, explored in Chapter Two, it is shown that Dublin was the site of various cults but often looked to England for episcopal matters, while Orkney was influenced by both Scandinavia and northern Britain. Turning to economics in Chapter Three, little evidence of direct trade between the international commercial hub of Dublin and Scandinavia can be found, whereas Orkney’s very location guaranteed economic interaction with Norway. When it comes to cultural matters in Chapter Four, it is argued that a hybrid urban identity may have been more significant and more prevalent than a Scandinavian one in Dublin. Unlike Dublin, Orkney remained, in many respects, on a cultural axis that stretched from Norway to Iceland. The definitions of ‘diaspora’ set out by Lesley Abrams and Judith Jesch in relation to Scandinavian settlements abroad are used as a point of reference. The findings of this thesis suggest that ‘diaspora’ is not a one-size-fits-all label, as diasporic features were not always transmitted directly in a straightforward fashion. Some Scandinavian features may have reached Dublin via England, with which it had strong connections. Even if Orcadians and Dubliners were aware of their shared Scandinavian heritage, this does not seem to have played a particularly important part in their foreign policy and decision-making. Being part of a diaspora does not necessarily mean that this was their primary affiliation.
description: Cambridge School of Arts and Humanities Doctoral Award
Network Inference from Consensus Dynamics with Unknown Parameters
Creators: name: Zhu, Yu
name: Schaub, Michael T.
name: Jadbabaie, Ali
name: Segarra, Santiago
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We explore the problem of inferring the graph Laplacian of a weighted, undirected network from snapshots of a single or multiple discrete-time consensus dynamics, subject to parameter uncertainty, taking place on the network. Specifically, we consider three problems in which we assume different levels of knowledge about the diffusion rates, observation times, and the input signal power of the dynamics. To solve these underdetermined problems, we propose a set of algorithms that leverage the spectral properties of the observed data and tools from convex optimization. Furthermore, we provide theoretical performance guarantees associated with these algorithms. We complement our theoretical work with numerical experiments, that demonstrate how our proposed methods outperform current state-of-the-art algorithms and showcase their effectiveness in recovering both synthetic and real-world networks.
title: Risk-Based Construction Inspection
Creators: name: Rush, Shannon
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: State Transportation Agencies have been experiencing staffing difficulties in the last couple of decades due to the deterioration of infrastructure and a large number of employees retiring or transitioning to the private sector. Therefore, the STA demographic has become much younger and a loss of critical knowledge has resulted from this changeover. Construction Inspection in particular has been severely impacted. Inspired by the NCHRP Synthesis 450, the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet has initiated the Risk-Based Construction Inspection project which focuses on prioritizing construction activities based on the risk associated with failure of that work item. The purpose of which is to develop tools for inspectors to systematically perform tasks and assist management in more efficiently allocating resources. Surveys were sent out to KYTC experts to collect data associating risk levels to construction activities. The risk level was then correlated with the inspection frequency and the inspector experience for each work item. Heat Charts and the Staffing Guidance Tool was created based on the survey information, then combined with other resources to create Inspection Checklists. The project will continue with a case study evaluating past resource allocation and future use of the tools.
description: © 2021 Shannon Rush
Bristol-Myers Squibb – Alain Miara
Creators: name: Leibowitch, Jacques (1942-2020)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: Bristol-Myers Squibb (France)

description: 1 fichier (1 page).
Gas cooling in simulations of the formation of the galaxy population
Creators: name: Yoshida, Naoki
name: Stoehr, Felix
name: Springel, Volker
name: White, Simon D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare two techniques for following the cooling of gas and its condensation into galaxies within high resolution simulations of cosmologically representative regions. Both techniques treat the dark matter using N-body methods. One follows the gas using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) while the other uses simplified recipes from semi-analytic (SA) models. We compare the masses and locations predicted for dense knots of cold gas (the `galaxies') when the two techniques are applied to evolution from the same initial conditions and when the additional complications of star formation and feedback are ignored. We find that above the effective resolution limit of the two techniques, they give very similar results both for global quantities such as the total amount of cooled gas and for the properties of individual `galaxies'. The SA technique has systematic uncertainties arising from the simplified cooling model adopted, while details of the SPH implementation can produce substantial systematic variations in the galaxy masses it predicts. Nevertheless, for the best current SPH methods and the standard assumptions of the SA model, systematic differences between the two techniques are remarkably small. The SA technique gives adequate predictions for the condensation of gas into `galaxies' at less than one percent of the computational cost of obtaining similar results at comparable resolution using SPH.
description: Revised, Figure 7 added. To appear in MNRAS
Hyperuniform monocrystalline structures by spinodal solid-state dewetting
Creators: name: Salvalaglio, Marco
name: Bouabdellaoui, Mohammed
name: Bollani, Monica
name: Benali, Abdennacer
name: Favre, Luc
name: Claude, Jean-Benoit
name: Wenger, Jerome
name: de Anna, Pietro
name: Intonti, Francesca
name: Voigt, Axel
name: Abbarchi, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Materials featuring anomalous suppression of density fluctuations over large length scales are emerging systems known as disordered hyperuniform. The underlying hidden order renders them appealing for several applications, such as light management and topologically protected electronic states. These applications require scalable fabrication, which is hard to achieve with available top-down approaches. Theoretically, it is known that spinodal decomposition can lead to disordered hyperuniform architectures. Spontaneous formation of stable patterns could thus be a viable path for the bottom-up fabrication of these materials. Here we show that mono-crystalline semiconductor-based structures, in particular Si$_{1-x}$Ge$_{x}$ layers deposited on silicon-on-insulator substrates, can undergo spinodal solid-state dewetting featuring correlated disorder with an effective hyperuniform character. Nano- to micro-metric sized structures targeting specific morphologies and hyperuniform character can be obtained, proving the generality of the approach and paving the way for technological applications of disordered hyperuniform metamaterials. Phase-field simulations explain the underlying non-linear dynamics and the physical origin of the emerging patterns.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, supplementary information (7 pages) enclosed
Economics of Fish Marketing in Central Uganda: A Preliminary Analysis
Creators: name: Bukenya, James O.
name: Hyuha, Theodora
name: Twinamasiko, Julius
name: Molnar, Joseph J.
name: Bukenya, James O.
name: Hyuha, Theodora
name: Twinamasiko, Julius
name: Molnar, Joseph J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Fish marketing
subject: survey data
subject: gross profit
subject: market margin
subject: operational efficiency
subject: Uganda

description: The paper examines profitability and market performance of small-scale fish traders selected randomly from a cross-section of nine fish markets in four districts in Central Uganda. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire which was designed to solicit information on traders’ socio-economic characteristics, marketing characteristics, operating costs and returns, and problems associated with fish marketing in the study area. Percentages were used to describe the socio-economic characteristics, market characteristic and problems associated with fish marketing while gross profit and marketing performance models were used to determine profitability, marketing margin and operational efficiency, respectively. The results suggest that fish trade is carried out by both men and women. More men are involved in the trade of fresh fish while more women are involved in the processed (sundried/smoked) fish trade. Some traders dealt in more than one species of fish although a majority sold exclusively in one species. Gross profit was estimated at USh358.40/kg and USh234.73/kg for wholesalers and retailers, respectively, with marketing margins of 19.32% and 16.67% for wholesalers and retailers, respectively. The market operational efficiency was 279.27 percent, implying high efficiency in fish marketing in the study area. The major pressing concerns which included high supply cost, low prices, low fish supply and increased arrests for selling immature fish were common to both retail and wholesale marketing channels.
Bone Material Analogues for PET/MRI Phantoms
Creators: name: Chandramohan, Dharshan
name: Cao, Peng
name: Han, Misung
name: An, Hongyu
name: Sunderland, John J.
name: Kinahan, Paul E.
name: Laforest, Richard
name: Hope, Thomas A.
name: Larson, Peder E. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Purpose: To develop bone material analogues that can be used in construction of phantoms for simultaneous PET/MRI systems. Methods: Plaster was used as the basis for the bone material analogues tested in this study. It was mixed with varying concentrations of an iodinated CT contrast, a gadolinium-based MR contrast agent, and copper sulfate to modulate the attenuation properties and MRI properties (T1 and T2*). Attenuation was measured with CT and 68Ge transmission scans, and MRI properties were measured with quantitative ultrashort echo time pulse sequences. A proof-of-concept skull was created by plaster casting. Results: Undoped plaster has a 511 keV attenuation coefficient (~0.14 cm-1) similar to cortical bone (0.10-0.15 cm-1), but slightly longer T1 (~500 ms) and T2* (~1.2 ms) MR parameters compared to bone (T1 ~ 300 ms, T2* ~ 0.4 ms). Doping with the iodinated agent resulted in increased attenuation with minimal perturbation to the MR parameters. Doping with a gadolinium chelate greatly reduced T1 and T2*, resulting in extremely short T1 values when the target T2* values were reached, while the attenuation coefficient was unchanged. Doping with copper sulfate was more selective for T2* shortening and achieved comparable T1 and T2* values to bone (after 1 week of drying), while the attenuation coefficient was unchanged. Conclusions: Plaster doped with copper sulfate is a promising bone material analogue for a PET/MRI phantom, mimicking the MR properties (T1 and T2*) and 511 keV attenuation coefficient of human cortical bone.
Pricing and hedging American-style options with deep learning
Creators: name: Becker, Sebastian
name: Cheridito, Patrick
name: Jentzen, Arnulf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In this paper we introduce a deep learning method for pricing and hedging American-style options. It first computes a candidate optimal stopping policy. From there it derives a lower bound for the price. Then it calculates an upper bound, a point estimate and confidence intervals. Finally, it constructs an approximate dynamic hedging strategy. We test the approach on different specifications of a Bermudan max-call option. In all cases it produces highly accurate prices and dynamic hedging strategies with small replication errors.
The Multiverse and Participatory Metaphysics
Creators: name: Boulding, Jamie Timothy
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Theology and science
multiverse
metaphysics
plato
aquinas
nicholas of cusa
cosmology
philosophical theology

description: This dissertation brings a new philosophical perspective to an important topic in the contemporary theology and science dialogue, specifically the theological reception of multiverse thought in modern cosmology. In light of recent cosmological speculation about the plausibility of a ‘multiverse,’ a cosmic ensemble in which our own universe is just one of many, theological responses have largely focused on the question of whether such a multiverse might be an alternative to divine design (or might itself be compatible with divine design). However, this approach neglects the fundamental metaphysical issues entailed in the multiverse proposal, including its entanglement of the one and the many (a paradox which has itself been a central concern of theological reflection), as well as its intimations of cosmic multiplicity, diversity, and infinity. In this dissertation I provide the first systematic theological engagement with these metaphysical implications. My approach is to draw on ancient and medieval resources (neglected not only in multiverse discussions but also in the theology and science field more generally) to show that the concept of metaphysical participation provides a particularly fertile ground on which theology can engage constructively with multiverse thought. To that end, I focus specifically on the participatory thought of Plato, Aquinas, and Nicholas of Cusa, each of whom seek to understand how a physical cosmos of complexity and immensity might share in divine existence of unity and simplicity. I bring their insights into interaction with a diverse range of contemporary theological, philosophical, and scientific figures to demonstrate that a participatory account of the relationship between God and creation argues for greater continuity between theology and the multiverse proposal in modern cosmology.
description: The Faraday Institute for Science and Religion
Kinematic study of the association Cyg OB3 with Gaia DR2
Creators: name: Rao, Anjali
name: Gandhi, Poshak
name: Knigge, Christian
name: Paice, John A.
name: Leigh, Nathan W. C.
name: Boubert, Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stellar kinematic properties and spatial distribution of the association Cyg OB3 using precise astrometric data from Gaia DR2. All known O- and B-type stars in Cyg OB3 region with positions, parallaxes and proper motions available are included, comprising a total of 41 stars. The majority of stars are found to be concentrated at a heliocentric distance of 2.0 +/- 0.3 kpc. The mean peculiar velocity of the sample after removing Galactic rotation and solar motion is ~22 km/s, dominated by the velocity component towards the Galactic center. The relative position and velocity of the black hole X-ray binary Cyg X-1 with respect to the association suggest that Cyg OB3 is most likely its parent association. The peculiar kinematic properties of some of the stars are revealed and are suggestive of past stellar encounters. The sample includes a previously known runaway star HD 227018, and its high peculiar velocity of ~50 km/s is confirmed with Gaia. We estimated the velocities of stars relative to the association and the star HD 225577 exhibits peculiar velocity smaller than its velocity relative to the association. The star has lower value of proper motion than the rest of the sample. The results suggest a slowly expanding nature of the association, which is supported by the small relative speeds <20 km/s with respect to the association for a majority of the sample stars.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Three Photon Decay of $J/ψ$ from Lattice QCD
Creators: name: Meng, Yu
name: Liu, Chuan
name: Zhang, Ke-Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three photon decay rate of $J/ψ$ is studied using two $N_f=2$ twisted mass gauge ensembles with lattice spacings $a\simeq 0.085$ fm (I) and $0.067$ fm(II). Using a new method, only the correlation functions directly related to the physical decay width are computed with all polarizations of the initial and final states summed over. Our results for such rare decay on the two ensembles are: $\mathcal{B}_{I,II}(J/ψ\rightarrow 3γ)=(1.614 \pm 0.016 \pm 0.261)\times 10^{-5},(1.809 \pm 0.051 \pm 0.295)\times 10^{-5}$ where the first errors are statistical and the second are estimates from systematics. We also propose a method to analyze the Dalitz plot of the corresponding process based on the lattice data which can provide direct information for the experiments.
description: 6 pages 5 figures. Updated version compared with older version that has been withdrawn. Two ensembles are studied so that the size of finite lattice spacing errors can be estimated
The Arabidopsis immune receptor EFR increases resistance to Xanthomonas and Xylella in transgenic sweet orange
Creators: name: Sousa, Teixeira-Silva Natalia
name: Kuster, Mitre Letícia
name: Katarzyna, Rybak
name: Maciel, Magalhães Diogo
name: Rodrigues, Souza-Neto Reinaldo
name: Silke, Robatzek
name: Cyril, Zipfel
name: De Souza Alessandra Alves,
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: plant health
subject: xylella
subject: http://id.agrisemantics.org/gacs/C20262
subject: http://id.agrisemantics.org/gacs/C20129
subject: http://id.agrisemantics.org/gacs/C1548

description: Previous work showed that heterologous expression of the EFR pattern recognition receptor from Arabidopsis thaliana, a leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase recognizing bacterial EF-Tu (or the derived peptides elf18/elf26), provides broad-spectrum resistance against bacterial pathogens in different species. Transgenic sweet orange constitutively expressing AtEFR were generated to access whether this receptor would confer increased anti-bacterial resistance in citrus. After genetic confirmation of transgenic events, we confirmed AtEFR functionality by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, expression of immune marker genes, activation of MAP kinases and bacterial infection assays with Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca and Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri in transgenic events. Notably, detached leaves from transgenic plants infiltrated with X. citri (the causal agent of citrus canker) showed less symptoms and reduced bacterial population. Similarly, when inoculated with X. fastidiosa (the causal agent of CVC - Citrus Variegated Chlorosis) the transgenes perceived the bacteria and somehow restrained its growth through the upper parts of the plants. After 18 months, no or mild symptoms were observed. Altogether, our results in sweet orange indicate that EFR has great potential to improve broad-spectrum anti-bacterial disease resistance in perennial crops such as Citrus.
description: BR; PDF; nataliasteixeirasilva@gmail.com
Single-shot x-ray speckle-based imaging of a single-material object
Creators: name: Pavlov, Konstantin M.
name: Heyang
name: Li
name: Paganin, David M.
name: Berujon, Sebastien
name: Rougé-Labriet, Hélène
name: Brun, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a means for speckle-based phase imaging of the projected thickness of a single-material object, under the assumption of illumination by spatially random time-independent x-ray speckles. These speckles are generated by passing x rays through a suitable spatially random mask. The method makes use of a single image obtained in the presence of the object, which serves to deform the illuminating speckle field relative to a reference speckle field (which only needs to be measured once) obtained in the presence of the mask and the absence of the object. The method implicitly rather than explicitly tracks speckles, and utilizes the transport-of-intensity equation to give a closed-form solution to the inverse problem of determining the complex transmission function of the object. Implementation using x-ray synchrotron data shows the method to be robust and efficient with respect to noise. Applications include x-ray phase--amplitude radiography and tomography, as well as time-dependent imaging of dynamic and radiation-sensitive samples using low-flux sources.
Contributions of a Modified Electrodynamics to the Molecular Biochirality
Creators: name: Santos, Alana C. L.
name: Muniz, Celio R.
name: Oliveira, Leonardo T.
name: Souza, Jefferson T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the physical basis behind the molecular biochirality from the computation of a parity violation energy difference (PVED) in enantiomers of organic molecules (e.g., amino acids, which occur as levogyrous-type in nature), by considering the influence of fundamental interactions beyond the standard model of elementary particles and interactions. Particularly, we study the role of a 4-D Chern-Simons theory at the origin of this PVED, the Carroll-Field-Jackiw electrodynamics, which violates both Lorentz and parity symmetries. Then, we consider terrestrial and Jovian scenarios where the influence of a modified (effective) magnetic field generated by the planets on the molecules is taken into account in the calculation of PVED. Besides this quantity, we also calculate the relative quantity excess of an enantiomer over the other in a thermal bath. Finally, we compare the obtained results with those ones from other models based on fundamental interactions.
description: 10 pages, 1 table
Development of Nanodiamond and Raman Spectroscopy Sensing Methods towards the Measurement of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Single Cells
Creators: name: Woodhams, Benjamin John
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Nanodiamonds
Raman spectroscopy
Diamonds
Nitrogen-vacancy
Color centers
Colour centres
Medical physics
Biomedical
Cancer
Apoptosis
Cell death
Clustering
Experimental
Instrument
Characterisation
Graphitic
sp2
Amorphous
Oxidized
Oxidised
Oxidation
Nanoparticles
Hyperspectral data analysis
Temperature
Electric field
Fluorescence

description: Mitochondrial membrane potential ($\Delta\Psi_{\textrm{m}}$) in cells is a critical biological parameter that is related to diseases such as cancer through biological processes including metabolism, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Studying $\Delta\Psi_{\textrm{m}}$ in normal and diseased states is limited by significant challenges associated with the current state-of-the-art methods for measurement, particularly fluorescent dyes, which are often toxic and photobleaching. The aim of this work was to develop electrical and chemical sensing methods to enable sensitive detection of changes in $\Delta\Psi_{\textrm{m}}$ in single cells. Fluorescent Nitrogen Vacancy Centres (NVCs) in nanodiamond were identified as potential sensors of electric field that could be applied in living cells to directly measure $\Delta\Psi_{\textrm{m}}$. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy was identified as a label-free chemical sensing technique that could be used to reveal the location and chemical composition of the mitochondria in cells. To achieve the aim of detecting changes in $\Delta\Psi_{\textrm{m}}$ using these two methods, complementary NVC and Raman measurements in live cells were needed. Initially, a specialised microscope was designed, built and validated to enable dual measurement of both NVC fluorescence and Raman spectroscopic signals simultaneously. Next, protocols and analysis techniques were developed for live cell Raman microscopy using a commercial reference instrument. An investigation of the impact of nanodiamonds as nanoparticles for biological sensing within live breast cancer cells, including surface modification by oxidation, was then conducted. By developing both techniques together, this project leverages the complementary advantages of long time course measurement, common laser excitation, the observation of nanodiamonds via Raman signal, with live single cell interrogation. The thesis concludes with an outlook on the future development needed to utilise NVCs and Raman spectroscopy in the measurement of cellular $\Delta\Psi_{\textrm{m}}$. Achieving this goal in future will provide new biological understanding of $\Delta\Psi_{\textrm{m}}$ in normal and disease states, allowing us to follow over time changes in $\Delta\Psi_{\textrm{m}}$ in response to biological processes such as apoptosis in single cancer cells.
description: Winton programme for sustainability Cancer Research UK Oliver Gatty studentship
How do Conservative Backbone Curves Perturb into Forced Responses? A Melnikov Function Analysis
Creators: name: Cenedese, Mattia
name: Haller, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34C25

description: Weakly damped mechanical systems under small periodic forcing tend to exhibit periodic response in a close vicinity of certain periodic orbits of their conservative limit. Specifically, amplitude frequency plots for the conservative limit have often been noted, both numerically and experimentally, to serve as backbone curves for the near resonance peaks of the forced response. In other cases, such a relationship between the unforced and forced response was not observed. Here we provide a systematic mathematical analysis that predicts which members of conservative periodic orbit families will serve as backbone curves for the forced-damped response. We also obtain mathematical conditions under which approximate numerical and experimental approaches, such as energy balance and force appropriation, are justifiable. Finally, we derive analytic criteria for the birth of isolated response branches (isolas) whose identification is otherwise challenging from numerical continuation.
Traditional Chinese Cultural Values and Taiwanese Mothers’ Attitudes towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help: the Role of Emotion Expressivity, Emotion Regulation and Stigma towards Mental Illness
Creators: name: Chang, Chun-Hou
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Attitudes towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help
Chinese Cultural Values
Stigma towards Mental Illness

description: Past research consistently found prevalent negative and reluctant attitudes towards seeking psychotherapy or counselling when facing emotional distress among individuals in Taiwanese society. Building on the literature, the underlying mechanisms in the relationship between these attitudes and the uniqueness of Chinese cultural values, especially its influence on views regarding emotional and mental difficulty are valuable to look into. The current study adopted an explanatory sequential mixed methods design to approach how Taiwanese mothers with a Chinese cultural inheritance view professional psychological help and the possible mechanisms underlying the formation of their attitudes. Overall findings suggest that being immersed in the Chinese cultural context does has implication on how Taiwanese mothers see professional psychological help. In phase one, parallel mediation analysis of the survey data suggested that Taiwanese mothers’ cultural inheritance affect their attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help indirectly through mediators including emotion regulatory strategies and stigmatization against mental illness. However, the mediating role of emotion expressivity was not supported, despite being a significant predictor. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of in-depth interviews with 10 Taiwanese mothers in phase two unveiled possible rationales behind the relationships found in phase one along with other imperative contributors. Possible reasons include being at risk of being associated with mental illness and stigmatized if one tries to seek professional psychological help. Being restrained by complex emotion expression rules and habits of using suppression as a regulatory strategy may also be hindrances to positive views of professional psychological help. Complicated emotion expression rules found provide possible explanations of emotion expressivity not being a significant mediator. Overall findings provide future directions for research aiming to better understand attitudes towards professional psychological help in different cultural contexts, and for practitioners and policy makers especially in Taiwan to develop culturally sensitive approaches in advocating professional psychological help for the general public.
description: Ministry of Education, Republic of China (Taiwan) Chiang Ching-Kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange
Discrete vortices on spatially nonuniform two-dimensional electric networks
Creators: name: Ruban, Victor P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional arrays of nonlinear electric oscillators are considered theoretically, where nearest neighbors are coupled by relatively small, constant, but non-equal capacitors. The dynamics is approximately reduced to a weakly dissipative defocusing discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation with translationally non-invariant linear dispersive coefficients. Behavior of quantized discrete vortices in such systems is shown to depend strongly on the spatial profile of the inter-node coupling as well as on the ratio between time-increasing healing length and lattice spacing. In particular, vortex clusters can be stably trapped for a some initial period of time by a circular barrier in the coupling profile, but then, due to gradual dissipative broadening of vortex cores, they lose stability and suddenly start to move.
description: revtex, 9 pages, 30 figures, new material added
Experimental Demonstration of Probabilistic Spin Logic by Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
Creators: name: Lv, Yang
name: Bloom, Robert P.
name: Wang, Jian-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently proposed probabilistic spin logic presents promising solutions to novel computing applications. Multiple cases of implementations, including invertible logic gate, have been studied numerically by simulations. Here we report an experimental demonstration of a magnetic tunnel junction-based hardware implementation of probabilistic spin logic.
description: 4 pages, 17 figures