cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Triangular objects and systematic K-theory
Creators: name: Huettemann, Thomas
name: Zhang, Zuhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 19D50 (primary), 18E05 (secondary)

description: We investigate modules over "systematic" rings. Such rings are "almost graded" and have appeared under various names in the literature; they are special cases of the G-systems of Grzeszczuk. We analyse their K-theory in the presence of conditions on the support, and explain how this generalises and unifies calculations of graded and filtered K-theory scattered in the literature. Our treatment makes systematic use of the formalism of idempotent completion and a theory of triangular objects in additive categories, leading to elementary and transparent proofs throughout.
description: 20 pages
Nuclear Segmentation and Classification: On Color & Compression Generalization
Creators: name: Vu, Quoc Dang
name: Jewsbury, Robert
name: Graham, Simon
name: Jahanifar, Mostafa
name: Raza, Shan E Ahmed
name: Minhas, Fayyaz
name: Bhalerao, Abhir
name: Rajpoot, Nasir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Since the introduction of digital and computational pathology as a field, one of the major problems in the clinical application of algorithms has been the struggle to generalize well to examples outside the distribution of the training data. Existing work to address this in both pathology and natural images has focused almost exclusively on classification tasks. We explore and evaluate the robustness of the 7 best performing nuclear segmentation and classification models from the largest computational pathology challenge for this problem to date, the CoNIC challenge. We demonstrate that existing state-of-the-art (SoTA) models are robust towards compression artifacts but suffer substantial performance reduction when subjected to shifts in the color domain. We find that using stain normalization to address the domain shift problem can be detrimental to the model performance. On the other hand, neural style transfer is more consistent in improving test performance when presented with large color variations in the wild.
description: Oral presentation at MICCAI MLMI 2022, 7 pages, 6 figures
Comment on "The role of wetting heterogeneities in the meandering instability of a partial wetting rivulet"
Creators: name: Fathi, Nima
name: Mertens, Keith
name: Putkaradze, Vakhtang
name: Vorobieff, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rivulets and their meandering on a partially wetting surface present an interesting problem, as complex behavior arises from a deceptively simple setup. Recently Couvreur and Daerr suggested that meandering is caused by an instability developing as the flow rate $Q$ increases to a critical value $Q_c$, with stationary (pinned) meandering being the final state of the flow. We tried to verify this assertion experimentally, but instead produced results contradicting the claim of Couvreur and Daerr. The likely reason behind the discrepancy is the persistence of flow-rate perturbations. Moreover, the theory presented in this paper cannot reproduce the states as considered and disagrees with other theories.
Diverse Carbonates in Exoplanet Oceans Promote the Carbon Cycle
Creators: name: Hakim, Kaustubh
name: Tian, Meng
name: Bower, Dan J.
name: Heng, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Carbonate precipitation in oceans is essential for the carbonate-silicate cycle (inorganic carbon cycle) to maintain temperate climates. By considering the thermodynamics of carbonate chemistry, we demonstrate that the ocean pH decreases by approximately 0.5 for a factor of 10 increase in the atmospheric carbon dioxide content. The upper and lower limits of ocean pH are within 1-4 of each other, where the upper limit is buffered by carbonate precipitation and defines the ocean pH when the carbon cycle operates. If the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) resides above the ocean floor, then carbonate precipitation and the carbon cycle cease to operate. The CCD is deep (>40 km) for high ocean temperature and high atmospheric carbon dioxide content. Key divalent carbonates of magnesium, calcium and iron produce an increasingly wider parameter space of deep CCDs, suggesting that chemical diversity promotes the carbon cycle. The search for life from exoplanets will benefit by including chemically more diverse targets than Earth twins.
description: Published in ApJ Letters (updated missing journal information)
Evaluation of image registration for measuring deformation fields in soft tissue mechanics
Creators: name: Lisický, Ondřej
name: Avril, Stéphane
name: Eydan, Bastien
name: Pierrat, Baptiste
name: Burša, Jiří
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-fidelity biomechanical models usually involve the mechanical characterization of biological tissues using experimental methods based on optical measurements. In most experiments, strains are evaluated based on displacements of a few markers and represents an average within the region of interest (ROI). Full-field measurements may improve description of non-homogeneous materials such as soft tissues. The approach based on non-rigid Image Registration is proposed and compared with standard Digital Image Correlation (DIC) on a set of samples, including (i) complex heterogeneous deformations with sub-pixel displacement, (ii) a typical uniaxial tension test of aorta, and (iii) an indentation test on skin. The possibility to extend the ROI to the whole sample and the exploitation of a natural tissue pattern represents the main assets of the proposed method whereas the results show similar accuracy as standard DIC when analysing sub-pixel deformations. Therefore, displacement and strain fields measurement based on Image Registration is very promising to characterize heterogeneous specimens with irregular shapes and/or small dimensions, which are typical features of soft biological tissues.
Microbially-mediated transformations of estuarine dissolved organic matter
Creators: name: Seidel, M.
name: Dittmar, T.
name: Gifford, S.M.
name: Whitman, W.B.
name: Moran, M.A.
name: Medeiros, P.M.
name: Ballantyne, F.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S. A
Year: 2017

description: Microbially-mediated transformations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in a marsh-dominated estuarine system were investigated at the molecular level using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. In addition to observing spatial and temporal variability in DOM sources in the estuary, multiple incubations with endogenous microorganisms identified the influence of DOM composition on biodegradation. A clear microbial preference for degradation of compounds associated with marine DOM relative to those of terrestrial origin was observed, resulting in an overall shift of the remaining DOM toward a stronger terrigenous signature. During short, 1-day long incubations of samples rich in marine DOM, the molecular formulae that were enriched had slightly smaller mass (20-30 Da) and number of carbon atoms compared to the molecular formulae that were depleted. Over longer time scales (70 days), the mean differences in molecular mass between formulae that were depleted and enriched were substantially larger (~270 Da). The differences in elemental composition over daily time scales were consistent with transformations in functional groups; over longer time scales, the differences in elemental composition may be related to progressive transformations of functional groups of intermediate products and/or other reactions. Our results infused new data toward the understanding of DOM processing by bacterioplankton in estuarine systems.
Additional file 2 of Protocols, policies and practices for antimicrobial stewardship in hospitalized patients in least-developed and low-income countries: a systematic review
Creators: name: Mzumara, Grace Wezi
name: Mambiya, Michael
name: Iroh Tam, Pui-Ying
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Biotechnology
Developmental Biology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. PRISMA 2020 Checklist.
Multi-UAV Path Learning for Age and Power Optimization in IoT with UAV Battery Recharge
Creators: name: Eldeeb, Eslam
name: Sant'Ana, Jean Michel de Souza
name: Pérez, Dian Echevarría
name: Shehab, Mohammad
name: Mahmood, Nurul Huda
name: Alves, Hirley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In many emerging Internet of Things (IoT) applications, the freshness of the is an important design criterion. Age of Information (AoI) quantifies the freshness of the received information or status update. This work considers a setup of deployed IoT devices in an IoT network; multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) serve as mobile relay nodes between the sensors and the base station. We formulate an optimization problem to jointly plan the UAVs' trajectory, while minimizing the AoI of the received messages and the devices' energy consumption. The solution accounts for the UAVs' battery lifetime and flight time to recharging depots to ensure the UAVs' green operation. The complex optimization problem is efficiently solved using a deep reinforcement learning algorithm. In particular, we propose a deep Q-network, which works as a function approximation to estimate the state-action value function. The proposed scheme is quick to converge and results in a lower ergodic age and ergodic energy consumption when compared with benchmark algorithms such as greedy algorithm (GA), nearest neighbour (NN), and random-walk (RW).
description: in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2022. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2209.09206
Comment on "Optical Response of Gas-Phase Atoms at Less than lambda/80 from a Dielectric Surface" published by K. A. Whittaker et al.
Creators: name: Bloch, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comment on "Optical Response of Gas-Phase Atoms at Less than lambda/80 from a Dielectric Surface" published by K. A. Whittaker, J. Keaveney, I. G. Hughes, A. Sargsyan, D. Sarkisyan, C. S. Adams in Phys. Rev. Lett. Lett 112 253201 (2014)
description: Accepted (dec. 2014) in the "Comment" section of Phys Rev Lett
Single-taxon field measurements of bacterial gene regulation controlling DMSP fate
Creators: name: Zehr, J.P.
name: Kiene, R.P.
name: Ryan, J.P.
name: Robidart, J.
name: Burns, A.S.
name: Durham, B.P.
name: Moran, M.A.
name: Scholin, C.A.
name: Varaljay, V.A.
name: Marin III, R.
name: Gifford, S.M.
name: Preston, C.M.
Publisher: name: Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2015

description: The 'bacterial switch' is a proposed regulatory point in the global sulfur cycle that routes dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) to two fundamentally different fates in seawater through genes encoding either the cleavage or demethylation pathway, and affects the flux of volatile sulfur from ocean surface waters to the atmosphere. Yet which ecological or physiological factors might control the bacterial switch remains a topic of considerable debate. Here we report the first field observations of dynamic changes in expression of DMSP pathway genes by a single marine bacterial species in its natural environment. Detection of taxon-specific gene expression in Roseobacter species HTCC2255 during a month-long deployment of an autonomous ocean sensor in Monterey Bay, CA captured in situ regulation of the first gene in each DMSP pathway (dddP and dmdA) that corresponded with shifts in the taxonomy of the phytoplankton community. Expression of the cleavage pathway was relatively greater during a high-DMSP-producing dinoflagellate bloom, and expression of the demethylation pathway was greater in the presence of a mixed diatom and dinoflagellate community. These field data fit the prevailing hypothesis for bacterial DMSP gene regulation based on bacterial sulfur demand, but also suggest a modification involving oxidative stress response, evidenced as upregulation of catalase via katG, when DMSP is demethylated.
Artificial-Noise-Aided Secure Multi-Antenna Transmission with Limited Feedback
Creators: name: Zhang, Xi
name: McKay, Matthew R.
name: Zhou, Xiangyun
name: Heath, Robert W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present an optimized secure multi-antenna transmission approach based on artificial-noise-aided beamforming, with limited feedback from a desired single-antenna receiver. To deal with beamformer quantization errors as well as unknown eavesdropper channel characteristics, our approach is aimed at maximizing throughput under dual performance constraints - a connection outage constraint on the desired communication channel and a secrecy outage constraint to guard against eavesdropping. We propose an adaptive transmission strategy that judiciously selects the wiretap coding parameters, as well as the power allocation between the artificial noise and the information signal. This optimized solution reveals several important differences with respect to solutions designed previously under the assumption of perfect feedback. We also investigate the problem of how to most efficiently utilize the feedback bits. The simulation results indicate that a good design strategy is to use approximately 20% of these bits to quantize the channel gain information, with the remainder to quantize the channel direction, and this allocation is largely insensitive to the secrecy outage constraint imposed. In addition, we find that 8 feedback bits per transmit antenna is sufficient to achieve approximately 90% of the throughput attainable with perfect feedback.
description: to appear in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Additional file 1 of Multi-omics analysis reveals the molecular response to heat stress in a “red tide” dinoflagellate
Creators: name: Dougan, Katherine E.
name: Deng, Zhi-Luo
name: Wöhlbrand, Lars
name: Reuse, Carsten
name: Bunk, Boyke
name: Chen, Yibi
name: Hartlich, Juliane
name: Hiller, Karsten
name: John, Uwe
name: Kalvelage, Jana
name: Mansky, Johannes
name: Neumann-Schaal, Meina
name: Overmann, Jörg
name: Petersen, Jörn
name: Sanchez-Garcia, Selene
name: Schmidt-Hohagen, Kerstin
name: Shah, Sarah
name: Spröer, Cathrin
name: Sztajer, Helena
name: Wang, Hui
name: Bhattacharya, Debashish
name: Rabus, Ralf
name: Jahn, Dieter
name: Chan, Cheong Xin
name: Wagner-Döbler, Irene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Note.
Linking activity and function to ecosystem dynamics in a coastal bacterioplankton community
Creators: name: Gifford, S.M.
name: Sharma, S.
name: Moran, M.A.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Research Foundation
Year: 2014

description: For bacterial communities containing hundreds to thousands of distinct populations, connecting functional processes and environmental dynamics at high taxonomic resolution has remained challenging. Here we use the expression of ribosomal proteins (%RP) as a proxy for in situ activity of 200 taxa within 20 metatranscriptomic samples in a coastal ocean time series encompassing both seasonal variability and diel dynamics. %RP patterns grouped the taxa into seven activity clusters with distinct profiles in functional gene expression and correlations with environmental gradients. Clusters 1-3 had their highest potential activity in the winter and fall, and included some of the most active taxa, while Clusters 4-7 had their highest potential activity in the spring and summer. Cluster 1 taxa were characterized by gene expression for motility and complex carbohydrate degradation (dominated by Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes), and Cluster 2 taxa by transcription of genes for amino acid and aromatic compound metabolism and aerobic anoxygenic phototrophy (Roseobacter). Other activity clusters were enriched in transcripts for proteorhodopsin and methylotrophy (Cluster 4; SAR11 and methylotrophs), photosynthesis and attachment (Clusters 5 and 7; Synechococcus, picoeukaryotes, Verucomicrobia, and Planctomycetes), and sulfur oxidation (Cluster 7; Gammaproteobacteria). The seasonal patterns in activity were overlain, and sometimes obscured, by large differences in %RP over shorter day-night timescales. Seventy-eight taxa, many of them heterotrophs, had a higher %RP activity index during the day than night, indicating a strong diel activity rhythm at this coastal site. Emerging from these taxonomically-and time-resolved estimates of in situ microbial activity are predictions of specific ecological groupings of microbial taxa in a dynamic coastal environment.
Edges fractal approach in graphene -- Defects density gain
Creators: name: Janowska, I.
name: Lafjah, M.
name: Papaefthymiou, V.
name: Pronkin, S.
name: Ulhaq-Bouillet, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Edges fractal approach in graphene e Defects density gain a b s t r a c t To optimize the technological development together with energy gain, the crucial materials needs to be tailored in a smart way to benefit a maximum from the property-structure relation. Herein we propose the way to increase a defect density in graphene moving from 1D linear edges to fractal edges, also highlight the fractal nature of graphene structures them-self. The tentative oxidation and hydrogenation catalytic etching of few layer graphene results in structures with edges fractals, jaggy edges at graphene periphery or in newly formed etched holes.
Holographic energy density on Hořava-Lifshitz cosmology
Creators: name: Lepe, Samuel
name: Peña, Francisco
name: Torres, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Hořava-Lifshitz cosmology we use the holographic Ricci-like cut-off for the energy density proposed by L. N. Granda and A. Oliveros and under this framework we study, through the cosmic evolution at late times, the sign change in the amount of non-conservation energy ($Q$) present in this cosmology. We revise the early stage (curvature-dependent) of this cosmology, where a term reminiscent of stiff matter is the dominant, and in this stage we find a power-law solution for the cosmic scale factor although $ω=-1$. Late and early phantom schemes are obtained without requiring $ω
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, Published in PRD
Multispecies diel transcriptional oscillations in open ocean heterotrophic bacterial assemblages
Creators: name: Eppley, J.M.
name: DeLong, E.F.
name: Scholin, C.A.
name: Ottesen, E.A.
name: Schuster, S.C.
name: Gifford, S.M.
name: Young, C.R.
name: Marin III, R.
Publisher: name: American Association for the Advancement of Science
Year: 2014

description: Oscillating diurnal rhythms of gene transcription, metabolic activity, and behavior are found in all three domains of life. However, diel cycles in naturally occurring heterotrophic bacteria and archaea have rarely been observed. Here, we report time-resolved whole-genome transcriptome profiles of multiple, naturally occurring oceanic bacterial populations sampled in situ over 3 days. As anticipated, the cyanobacterial transcriptome exhibited pronounced diel periodicity. Unexpectedly, several different heterotrophic bacterioplankton groups also displayed diel cycling in many of their gene transcripts. Furthermore, diel oscillations in different heterotrophic bacterial groups suggested population-specific timing of peak transcript expression in a variety of metabolic gene suites. These staggered multispecies waves of diel gene transcription may influence both the tempo and the mode of matter and energy transformation in the sea.
Datenkompetenz im Physikstudium -- ein Erfahrungsbericht
Creators: name: Krieger, Michael
name: Weber, Heiko B.
name: van Eldik, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Do our physics curricula provide the appropriate data management competences in a world where data are considered a crucial resource and substantial funding is available for building a national research data infrastructure (German: Nationale Forschungsdateninfrastuktur = NFDI)? Although basic data evaluation and systematic documentation are practiced when students first come into contact with data, particularly in experimental physics lab courses, they do not meet the increasing demands of research and professional practice to deal with the analysis of huge datasets. In many cases, the problem starts with the fact that there is no consensus on a suitable entry-level programming language. At the Department of Physics at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, we have made minor adjustments to the physics curriculum in recent years, which we present in this article. We placed data management competences early in the bachelor curriculum, which has resulted in considerable advantages throughout the further course of studies. The authors feel that students are quickly moving into the fast lane in data management; we can already see in our research groups that they are becoming a driving force towards modern research data management. -- Vermitteln unsere Physikcurricula die passenden Datenverarbeitungskompetenzen in einer Welt, in der Daten als entscheidende Ressource betrachtet werden und erhebliche Fördermittel für eine Nationale Forschungsdateninfrastruktur (NFDI) bereitstehen? Beim Erstkontakt mit Daten, also insbesondere in den Praktika der Experimentalphysik, werden zwar elementare Datenevaluation und systematische Dokumentation eingeübt, diese genügen aber nicht den steigenden Ansprüchen der Forschung und der Berufspraxis, sich zunehmend mit der Analyse großer Datenmengen zu befassen. Es scheitert oft schon an einem Konsens über eine geeignete Einstiegsprogrammiersprache. Am Department Physik der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg haben wir in den letzten Jahren kleinere Anpassungen im Physikcurriculum vorgenommen, die wir in diesem Artikel vorstellen. Datenkompetenz wurde früh im Bachelorstudium platziert, woraus sich erhebliche Vorteile für den weiteren Studienverlauf ergeben haben. Die Autoren können sich des Eindrucks nicht erwehren, dass die Studierenden in puncto Datenkompetenz schnell auf die Überholspur gehen; wir sehen bereits jetzt in unseren Arbeitsgruppen, dass sie sich als treibende Kräfte hin zu einem modernen Forschungsdatenmanagement erweisen.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, in German
Humor. Wirkungen und Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der Sozialen Arbeit
Creators: name: Seiferth, Chris
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Bachelorarbeit
Humor
Soziale Arbeit

description: Bewusst eingesetzter Humor spielt in der Sozialen Arbeit noch keine große Rolle. Aus diesem Grund soll diese Bachelorarbeit auf das Thema Humor aufmerksam machen und aufzeigen, dass Humor in der Arbeit mit Koproduzent*innen sinnvoll eingesetzt werden kann. Nach einer einleitenden Begriffsbestimmung werde ich auf die Arten und Theorien von Humor eingehen. Im zweiten Teil werde ich auf verschiedene Persönlichkeitsstrukturen eingehen, um ein weiteres Analyseinstrument zur Verfügung zu haben. Danach werde ich die Wirkungen von Humor beschreiben, gefolgt von positiven und negativen Aspekten des Einsatzes von Humor in der Sozialen Arbeit. Der letzte Teil enthält einen persönlichen Exkurs, in dem die Methodik beschrieben wird, sowie ein Transkript eines Leitfadeninterviews.
description: Dies ist die überarbeitete Fassung meiner Bachelorarbeit. Ich habe Ausdrucks- und Rechtschreibfehler korrigiert und das Unterkapitel "1.1.2 Who is Who?" hinzugefügt, in dem ich erkläre, warum ich den Begriff "Klient" durch "Koproduzent*in" ersetzt habe. In der ursprünglichen abgegebenen Version verwendete ich das generische Maskulinum, in dieser habe ich gegendert. Aufgrund dieser Änderungen lautet das Datum auf der Titelseite 27. Juli 2023.
Atuação do bibliotecário na podosfera: de podcaster a consultor de informação
Creators: name: Santos, Francisco Edvander Pires
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Podcast
Podosfera
Podosphere
Biblioteconomia
Library Science
Librarianship

description: Apresentação de palestra a ser ministrada na Biblioteca Pública Estadual do Ceará, no dia 25 de outubro de 2023, como parte da programação da Semana Nacional do Livro e da Biblioteca.
Extreme mass ratio inspirals: perspectives for their detection
Creators: name: Babak, Stanislav
name: Gair, Jonathan R.
name: Cole, Robert H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we consider prospects for detecting extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs) using gravitational wave (GW) observations by a future space borne interferometric observatory eLISA. We start with a description of EMRI formation channels. Different formation scenarios lead to variations in the expected event rate and predict different distributions of the orbital parameters when the GW signal enters the eLISA sensitivity band. Then we will briefly overview the available theoretical models describing the GW signal from EMRIs and describe proposed methods for their detection.
description: 39 pages, 4 figures, to appear in proceedings of EOM 2013 "Equations of Motion in Relativistic Gravity"
Swampland Revisited
Creators: name: Cass\e', Michel
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transcendental expectation of string theory is that the nature of the fundamental forces, particle spectra and masses, together with coupling constants, is uniquely determined by mathematical and logical consistency, non-empirically, that is by pure reason. However pluralism triumphed with the explosive emergence of the multiverse. String theorists have extended a long-sought dream (their unique and final theory) to a landscape or a happy caparnaum. Proponents of string theory try to qualify their arguments via swampland conjectures while cosmologists retreat to their telescopes. We review the current status of the string theory swampland.
Additional file 2 of Multi-omics analysis reveals the molecular response to heat stress in a “red tide” dinoflagellate
Creators: name: Dougan, Katherine E.
name: Deng, Zhi-Luo
name: Wöhlbrand, Lars
name: Reuse, Carsten
name: Bunk, Boyke
name: Chen, Yibi
name: Hartlich, Juliane
name: Hiller, Karsten
name: John, Uwe
name: Kalvelage, Jana
name: Mansky, Johannes
name: Neumann-Schaal, Meina
name: Overmann, Jörg
name: Petersen, Jörn
name: Sanchez-Garcia, Selene
name: Schmidt-Hohagen, Kerstin
name: Shah, Sarah
name: Spröer, Cathrin
name: Sztajer, Helena
name: Wang, Hui
name: Bhattacharya, Debashish
name: Rabus, Ralf
name: Jahn, Dieter
name: Chan, Cheong Xin
name: Wagner-Döbler, Irene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2. Supplementary Figures S1-S20.
Unsupervised Multivariate Time-Series Transformers for Seizure Identification on EEG
Creators: name: Potter, İlkay Yıldız
name: Zerveas, George
name: Eickhoff, Carsten
name: Duncan, Dominique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, typically observed via seizure episodes. Epileptic seizures are commonly monitored through electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings due to their routine and low expense collection. The stochastic nature of EEG makes seizure identification via manual inspections performed by highly-trained experts a tedious endeavor, motivating the use of automated identification. The literature on automated identification focuses mostly on supervised learning methods requiring expert labels of EEG segments that contain seizures, which are difficult to obtain. Motivated by these observations, we pose seizure identification as an unsupervised anomaly detection problem. To this end, we employ the first unsupervised transformer-based model for seizure identification on raw EEG. We train an autoencoder involving a transformer encoder via an unsupervised loss function, incorporating a novel masking strategy uniquely designed for multivariate time-series data such as EEG. Training employs EEG recordings that do not contain any seizures, while seizures are identified with respect to reconstruction errors at inference time. We evaluate our method on three publicly available benchmark EEG datasets for distinguishing seizure vs. non-seizure windows. Our method leads to significantly better seizure identification performance than supervised learning counterparts, by up to 16% recall, 9% accuracy, and 9% Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (AUC), establishing particular benefits on highly imbalanced data. Through accurate seizure identification, our method could facilitate widely accessible and early detection of epilepsy development, without needing expensive label collection or manual feature extraction.
description: IEEE Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA) 2022
Bacterial dimethylsulfoniopropionate degradation genes in the oligotrophic North Pacific subtropical gyre
Creators: name: Sharma, S.
name: Karl, D.M.
name: Varaljay, V.A.
name: Moran, M.A.
name: Gifford, S.M.
name: Wilson, S.T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is an organic sulfur compound that is rapidly metabolized by marine bacteria either by cleavage to dimethylsulfide (DMS) or demethylation to 3-methiolpropionate. The abundance and diversity of genes encoding bacterial DMS production (dddP) and demethylation (dmdA) were measured in the North Pacific subtropical gyre (NPSG) between May 2008 and February 2009 at Station ALOHA (22°45=N, 158°00=W) at two depths: 25mand the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM;~100 m). The highest abundance of dmdA genes was in May 2008 at 25 m, with~16.5% of cells harboring a gene in one of the eight subclades surveyed, while the highest abundance of dddP genes was in July 2008 at 25 m, with~2% of cells harboring a gene. The dmdA gene pool was consistently dominated by homologs from SAR11 subclades, which was supported by findings in metagenomic data sets derived from Station ALOHA. Expression of the SAR11 dmdA genes was low, with typical transcript:gene ratios between 1:350 and 1:1,400. The abundance of DMSP genes was statistically different between 25mand the DCM and correlated with a number of environmental variables, including primary production, photosynthetically active radiation, particulate DMSP, and DMS concentrations. At 25 m, dddP abundance was positively correlated with pigments that are diagnostic of diatoms; at the DCM, dmdA abundance was positively correlated with temperature. Based on gene abundance, we hypothesize that SAR11 bacterioplankton dominate DMSP cycling in the oligotrophic NPSG, with lesser but consistent involvement of other members of the bacterioplankton community.
Nucleon strange $s\bar s$ asymmetry to the $Λ/\barΛ$ fragmentation
Creators: name: Chi, Yujie
name: Du, Xiaozhen
name: Ma, Bo-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The difference between the $Λ$ and $\bar Λ$ longitudinal spin transfers in the semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering process is intensively studied. The study is performed in the current fragmentation region, by considering the intermediate hyperon decay processes and sea quark fragmentation processes, while the strange sea $s\bar s$ asymmetry in the nucleon is taken into account. The calculation in the light-cone quark-diquark model shows that the strange sea asymmetry gives a proper trend to the difference between the $Λ$ and $\bar Λ$ longitudinal spin transfers. When considering the nonzero final hadron transverse momentum, our results can explain the COMPASS data reasonably. The nonzero final hadron transverse momentum is interpreted as a natural constraint to the final hadron $z$ range where the longitudinal spin transfer is more sensitive to the strange sea $s\bar s$ asymmetry.
description: 10 latex pages, 5 figures, final version in journal publication. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1310.2005
Analyzing gene expression from marine microbial communities using environmental transcriptomics
Creators: name: Rinta-Kanto, J.
name: Gifford, S.
name: Moran, M.A.
name: Poretsky, R.S.
name: Vila-Costa, M.
Publisher: name: Journal of Visualized Experiments
Year: 2009

description: Analogous to metagenomics, environmental transcriptomics (metatranscriptomics) retrieves and sequences environmental mRNAs from a microbial assemblage without prior knowledge of what genes the community might be expressing. Thus it provides the most unbiased perspective on community gene expression in situ. Environmental transcriptomics protocols are technically difficult since prokaryotic mRNAs generally lack the poly(A) tails that make isolation of eukaryotic messages relatively straightforward 1 and because of the relatively short half lives of mRNAs 2. In addition, mRNAs are much less abundant than rRNAs in total RNA extracts, thus an rRNA background often overwhelms mRNA signals. However, techniques for overcoming some of these difficulties have recently been developed. A procedure for analyzing environmental transcriptomes by creating clone libraries using random primers to reverse-transcribe and amplify environmental mRNAs was recently described was successful in two different natural environments, but results were biased by selection of the random primers used to initiate cDNA synthesis 3. Advances in linear amplification of mRNA obviate the need for random primers in the amplification step and make it possible to use less starting material decreasing the collection and processing time of samples and thereby minimizing RNA degradation 4.In vitro transcription methods for amplifying mRNA involve polyadenylating the mRNA and incorporating a T7 promoter onto the 3 end of the transcript. Amplified RNA (aRNA) can then be converted to double stranded cDNA using random hexamers and directly sequenced by pyrosequencing 5. A first use of this method at Station ALOHA demonstrated its utility for characterizing microbial community gene expression 6.
The Principle of Minimal Resistance in Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics
Creators: name: Mauri, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analytical models describing the motion of colloidal particles in given velocity fields are presented. In addition to local approaches, leading to well known master equations such as the Langevin and the Fokker-Planck equations, a global description based on path integration is reviewed. This shows that under very broad conditions, during its evolution a dissipative system tends to minimize its energy dissipation in such a way to keep constant the Hamiltonian time rate, equal to the difference between the flux-based and the force-based Rayleigh dissipation functions. At steady state, the Hamiltonian time rate is maximized, leading to a minimum resistance principle. In the unsteady case, we consider the relaxation to equilibrium of harmonic oscillators and the motion of a Brownian particle in shear flow, obtaining results that coincide with the solution of the Fokker-Planck and the Langevin equations.
The evolution of phase space densities in star-forming regions
Creators: name: Blaylock-Squibbs, George A.
name: Parker, Richard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multi-dimensional phase space density (both position and velocity) of star-forming regions may encode information on the initial conditions of star and planet formation. Recently, a new metric based on the Mahalanobis distance has been used to show that hot Jupiters are more likely to be found around exoplanet host-stars in high 6D phase space density, suggesting a more dynamic formation environment for these planets. However, later work showed that this initial result may be due to a bias in the age of hot Jupiters and the kinematics of their host stars. We test the ability of the Mahalanobis distance and density to differentiate more generally between star-forming regions with different morphologies by applying it to static regions that are either substructured or smooth and centrally concentrated. We find that the Mahalanobis distance is unable to distinguish between different morphologies, and that the initial conditions of the N-body simulations cannot be constrained using only the Mahalanobis distance or density. Furthermore, we find that the more dimensions in the phase space the less effective the Mahalanobis density is at distinguishing between different initial conditions. We show that a combination of the mean three-dimensional (x, y, z) Mahalanobis density and the Q-parameter for a region can constrain its initial virial state. However this is due to the discriminatory power of the Q-parameter and not from any extra information imprinted in the Mahalanobis density. We therefore recommend continued use of multiple diagnostics for determining the initial conditions of star-forming regions, rather than relying on a single multi-dimensional metric.
description: 13 pages + appendices, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Correlated carrier dynamics in a superconducting van der Waals heterostructure
Creators: name: Baidya, Prakiran
name: Bagwe, Vivas
name: Raychaudhuri, Pratap
name: Bid, Aveek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions in clean, layered two-dimensional superconductors promises to provide insight into a host of novel phenomena like re-entrant vortex-dynamics, underlying unconventional metallic phases, and topological superconductivity. In this letter, we report the study of charge carrier dynamics in a novel 2-dimensional superconducting van der Waals heterostructure comprising monolayer MoS2 and few-layer NbSe2 (15 nm). Using low-frequency conductance fluctuation spectroscopy, we show that the superconducting transition in the system is percolative. We present a phenomenological picture of different phases across the transition correlating with the evaluated noise. The analysis of the higher-order statistics of fluctuation reveals non-Gaussian components around the transition indicative of long-range correlation in the system.
description: 24 pages
Threshold Logic Computing: Memristive-CMOS Circuits for Fast Fourier Transform and Vedic Multiplication
Creators: name: James, Alex Pappachen
name: Kumar, Dinesh S.
name: Ajayan, Arun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Brain inspired circuits can provide an alternative solution to implement computing architectures taking advantage of fault tolerance and generalisation ability of logic gates. In this brief, we advance over the memristive threshold circuit configuration consisting of memristive averaging circuit in combination with operational amplifier and/or CMOS inverters in application to realizing complex computing circuits. The developed memristive threshold logic gates are used for designing FFT and multiplication circuits useful for modern microprocessors. Overall, the proposed threshold logic outperforms previous memristive-CMOS logic cells on every aspect, however, indicate a lower chip area, lower THD, and controllable leakage power, but a higher power dissipation with respect to CMOS logic.
description: 5 Pages, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, 2014
Inverse problem approach in Extreme Adaptive Optics: analytical model of the fitting error and lowering of the aliasing
Creators: name: Berdeu, Anthony
name: Tallon, Michel
name: Thiébaut, Éric
name: Alagao, Mary Angelie
name: Sukpholtham, Sitthichat
name: Langlois, Maud
name: Kawinkij, Adithep
name: Kongkaew, Puttiwat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results obtained with an end-to-end simulator of an Extreme Adaptive Optics (XAO) system control loop. It is used to predict its on-sky performances and to optimise the AO loop algorithms. It was first used to validate a novel analytical model of the fitting error, a limit due to the Deformable Mirror (DM) shape. Standard analytical models assume a sharp correction under the DM cutoff frequency, disregarding the transition between the AO corrected and turbulence dominated domains. Our model account for the influence function shape in this smooth transition. Then, it is well-known that Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors (SH-WFS) have a limited spatial bandwidth, the high frequencies of the wavefront being seen as low frequencies. We show that this aliasing error can be partially compensated (both in terms of Strehl ratio and contrast) by adding priors on the turbulence statistics in the framework of an inverse problem approach. This represents an alternative to the standard additional optical filter used in XAO systems. In parallel to this numerical work, a bench was aligned to experimentally test the AO system and these new algorithms comprising a DM192 ALPAO deformable mirror and a 15x15 SH-WFS. We present the predicted performances of the AO loop based on end-to-end simulations.
Additional file 5 of Multi-omics analysis reveals the molecular response to heat stress in a “red tide” dinoflagellate
Creators: name: Dougan, Katherine E.
name: Deng, Zhi-Luo
name: Wöhlbrand, Lars
name: Reuse, Carsten
name: Bunk, Boyke
name: Chen, Yibi
name: Hartlich, Juliane
name: Hiller, Karsten
name: John, Uwe
name: Kalvelage, Jana
name: Mansky, Johannes
name: Neumann-Schaal, Meina
name: Overmann, Jörg
name: Petersen, Jörn
name: Sanchez-Garcia, Selene
name: Schmidt-Hohagen, Kerstin
name: Shah, Sarah
name: Spröer, Cathrin
name: Sztajer, Helena
name: Wang, Hui
name: Bhattacharya, Debashish
name: Rabus, Ralf
name: Jahn, Dieter
name: Chan, Cheong Xin
name: Wagner-Döbler, Irene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 5. Peer review history.
Directional Tensor Product Complex Tight Framelets with Low Redundancy
Creators: name: Han, Bin
name: Zhao, Zhepeng
name: Zhuang, Xiaosheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 42C40, 42C15, 94A08, 68U10

description: Though high redundancy rate of a tight frame can improve performance in applications, as the dimension increases, it also makes the computational cost skyrocket and the storage of frame coefficients increase exponentially. This seriously restricts the usefulness of such tight frames for problems in moderately high dimensions such as video processing in dimension three. Inspired by the directional tensor product complex tight framelets ${TP-CTF}_m$ with $m\ge 3$ in [14,18] and their impressive performance for image processing in [18,30] in this paper we introduce a directional tensor product complex tight framelet ${TP-CTF}^!_6$ (called reduced ${TP-CTF}_6$) with low redundancy. Such ${TP-CTF}_6^!$ is a particular example of tight framelet filter banks with mixed sampling factors. The ${TP-CTF}^!_6$ in $d$ dimensions not only offers good directionality but also has the low redundancy rate $\frac{3^d-1}{2^d-1}$ (e.g., the redundancy rates are $2, 2\mathord{\frac{2}{3}}, 3\mathord{\frac{5}{7}}, 5\mathord{\frac{1}{3}}$ and $7\mathord{\frac{25}{31}}$ for dimension $d=1,..., 5$, respectively). Moreover, our numerical experiments on image/video denoising and inpainting show that the performance using our proposed ${TP-CTF}^!_6$ is often comparable or sometimes better than several state-of-the-art frame-based methods which have much higher redundancy rates than that of ${TPCTF}^!_6$.
Mesozooplankton omnivory in the upper San Francisco Estuary
Creators: name: Rollwagen-Bollens, G.
name: Bollens, S.M.
name: Gifford, S.M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: While many studies have examined mesozooplankton feeding in coastal environments, less attention has been given to this subject in estuaries. We used bottle incubation experiments to measure the feeding rates of a cladoceran (Daphnia sp.), a calanoid copepod (Acartia spp.), and 2 cyclopoid copepods (Oithona davisae and Limnoithona tetraspina) on the protist plankton (<200 μm) of Suisun Bay, which is located in the upper San Francisco Estuary (SFE). Nanoplankton (2 to 15 μm) prey were highly abundant (2000 to 6000 cells ml-1 and 50 to 600 μg C l-1), whereas microplankton (15 to 200 μm) prey were 1 to 2 orders less abundant (10 to 90 cells ml -1 and 1 to 4 μg C l-1). There were few indications that mesozooplankton fed on nanoplankton, while microplankton were often significantly consumed. Daphnia sp. cleared all microplankton prey categories except diatoms at >2 ml predator (pred.)-1 h-1. O. davisae consumed only ciliates in September 2004, while in November 2004 it cleared both ciliates and diatoms at similar rates (0.8 ml pred.-1 h-1). L. tetraspina cleared only aloricate ciliates and flagellates (0.8 to 1.0 ml pred.-1 h-1). Acartia spp. had the highest clearance rates on diatoms of all the predators examined (mean <1.0 ml pred.-1 h-1) but cleared ciliates at even higher rates (>2.0 ml pred.-1 h-1). With respect to biomass ingestion, in every experiment mesozooplankton were found to ingest ciliate carbon at the highest rates (3 to 29 ng C pred.-1 h-1). Our results indicate that while estuarine mesozooplankton are often omnivorous, important species-specific differences exist, and microzooplankton, especially ciliates, are an important component of the upper SFE food web.