cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Classical molecular dynamics simulations of fusion and fragmentation in fullerene-fullerene collisions
Creators: name: Verkhovtsev, Alexey
name: Korol, Andrei V.
name: Solov'yov, Andrey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of classical molecular dynamics simulations of collision-induced fusion and fragmentation of C$_{60}$ fullerenes, performed by means of the MBN Explorer software package. The simulations provide information on structural differences of the fused compound depending on kinematics of the collision process. The analysis of fragmentation dynamics at different initial conditions shows that the size distributions of produced molecular fragments are peaked for dimers, which is in agreement with a well-established mechanism of C$_{60}$ fragmentation via preferential C$_2$ emission. Atomic trajectories of the colliding particles are analyzed and different fragmentation patterns are observed and discussed. On the basis of the performed simulations, characteristic time of C$_2$ emission is estimated as a function of collision energy. The results are compared with experimental time-of-flight distributions of molecular fragments and with earlier theoretical studies. Considering the widely explored case study of C$_{60}$--C$_{60}$ collisions, we demonstrate broad capabilities of the MBN Explorer software, which can be utilized for studying collisions of a broad variety of nanoscale and biomolecular systems by means of classical molecular dynamics.
Reprowebs: a conceptual approach to elasticity and change in the global assisted reproduction industry
Creators: name: König, Anika
name: Jacobson, Heather
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Global reproductive industry
subject: Assisted reproductive technologies
subject: Reproductive travel
subject: Reprowebs
subject: Meshwork
subject: Gestational surrogacy
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: In the last few decades, assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have become increasingly transregional and transnational, often involving travel within or between countries or even continents. Until recently, the global ART industry was marked by so-called ‘reprohubs’—places (such as southern California, Dubai, Anand, and Mumbai) specializing in the provision of reproductive services. While reprohubs continue to exist, in the last few years, many have splayed out, transforming into something more akin to webs that encompass, but go beyond these hubs. These webs show a unique dynamic capability to tighten, entangle, or extend in reaction to local and global changes, a characteristic which became particularly obvious during the global Covid-19 pandemic. In this paper, we propose conceptualizing this new dynamic capability as ‘reprowebs’—an approach that adds a new dimension to the existing conceptualization of reproductive travel and helps us to better understand current developments in the global ART industry.
The impact of COVID-19 and other shocks on agri-food SMEs along the poultry and fish value chains in Niger State, Nigeria
Creators: name: Sule, Balaraba
name: Tasie, Saweda
name: Belton, Ben
name: Tasie, Oyinkan
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Wellington, Osawe
name: Sule, Balaraba
name: Tasie, Saweda
name: Belton, Ben
name: Tasie, Oyinkan
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Wellington, Osawe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Policy
subject: Nigeria
subject: Agriculture
subject: Covid
subject: Food
subject: Security

description: This policy research note summarizes key findings from a study on the impact of COVID-19 and associated policies on SMEs along the poultry and fish value chains in Niger State, Nigeria.
Supplement_mat_hamsters_strain_measures_Vevo.docx.pdf
Creators: name: Dias, Beatriz
name: Barros-Filho, Antonio Carlos
name: Moreira, Henrique Turin
name: Ribeiro, Fernando
name: Tanaka, Denise
name: Schmidt, Andre
name: Maciel, Benedito Carlos
name: Simões, Marcus Vinicius
name: Marin-Neto, José Antonio
name: Romano, Minna Moreira Dias
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110201 Cardiology (incl. Cardiovascular Diseases)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: This is a comprehensive manual of how to measure myocardial strain using Vevo 2100 Software.
NeuroSMPC: A Neural Network guided Sampling Based MPC for On-Road Autonomous Driving
Creators: name: Pal, Kaustab
name: Sharma, Aditya
name: Omama, Mohd
name: Shah, Parth N.
name: Krishna, K. Madhava
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we show an effective means of integrating data driven frameworks to sampling based optimal control to vastly reduce the compute time for easy adoption and adaptation to real time applications such as on-road autonomous driving in the presence of dynamic actors. Presented with training examples, a spatio-temporal CNN learns to predict the optimal mean control over a finite horizon that precludes further resampling, an iterative process that makes sampling based optimal control formulations difficult to adopt in real time settings. Generating control samples around the network-predicted optimal mean retains the advantage of sample diversity while enabling real time rollout of trajectories that avoids multiple dynamic obstacles in an on-road navigation setting. Further the 3D CNN architecture implicitly learns the future trajectories of the dynamic agents in the scene resulting in successful collision free navigation despite no explicit future trajectory prediction. We show performance gain over multiple baselines in a number of on-road scenes through closed loop simulations in CARLA. We also showcase the real world applicability of our system by running it on our custom Autonomous Driving Platform (AutoDP).
description: Published in 2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)
Constraining general massive-star physics by exploring the unique properties of magnetic O-stars: Rotation, macroturbulence, and sub-surface convection
Creators: name: Sundqvist, Jon O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quite remarkable aspect of non-interacting O-stars with detected surface magnetic fields is that they all are very slow rotators. This paper uses this unique property to first demonstrate that the projected rotational speeds of massive, hot stars, as derived using current standard spectroscopic techniques, can be severely overestimated when significant "macroturbulent" line-broadening is present. This may, for example, have consequences for deriving the statistical distribution of rotation rates in massive-star populations, and for the use of these rates in stellar evolution models. It is next shown how such macroturbulence (seemingly a universal feature of hot, massive stars) is present in all but one of the magnetic O-stars, namely NGC 1624-2. Assuming then a simple model in which NGC 1624-2's exceptionally strong, large-scale magnetic field suppresses atmospheric motions down to layers where the magnetic and gas pressures are comparable, first empirical constraints on the formation depth of this enigmatic hot-star macroturbulence are derived. The results suggest an origin in the thin sub-surface convection zone of massive stars, consistent with a physical origin due to, e.g., stellar pulsations excited by the convective motions.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Proc. IAU307: New windows on massive stars: asteroseismology, interferometry, and spectropolarimetry, Editors: G. Meynet, C. Georgy, J.H. Groh & Ph. Stee
Der Apostolische Brief über die Verehrung des Kostbarsten Blutes Christi
Creators: name: Johannes XXIII., Papst
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 15 Nr. 2 (1960): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 15, Heft 2
XFlow: Cross-modal Deep Neural Networks for Audiovisual Classification
Creators: name: Cangea, Cătălina
name: Veličković, Petar
name: Liò, Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, there have been numerous developments towards solving multimodal tasks, aiming to learn a stronger representation than through a single modality. Certain aspects of the data can be particularly useful in this case - for example, correlations in the space or time domain across modalities - but should be wisely exploited in order to benefit from their full predictive potential. We propose two deep learning architectures with multimodal cross-connections that allow for dataflow between several feature extractors (XFlow). Our models derive more interpretable features and achieve better performances than models which do not exchange representations, usefully exploiting correlations between audio and visual data, which have a different dimensionality and are nontrivially exchangeable. Our work improves on existing multimodal deep learning algorithms in two essential ways: (1) it presents a novel method for performing cross-modality (before features are learned from individual modalities) and (2) extends the previously proposed cross-connections which only transfer information between streams that process compatible data. Illustrating some of the representations learned by the connections, we analyse their contribution to the increase in discrimination ability and reveal their compatibility with a lip-reading network intermediate representation. We provide the research community with Digits, a new dataset consisting of three data types extracted from videos of people saying the digits 0-9. Results show that both cross-modal architectures outperform their baselines (by up to 11.5%) when evaluated on the AVletters, CUAVE and Digits datasets, achieving state-of-the-art results.
description: Accepted at the IEEE ICDL-EPIROB 2017 Workshop on Computational Models for Crossmodal Learning (CMCML), 4 pages, 6 figures
An alternative to traditional sample size determination for small patient populations
Creators: name: Jackson, Holly
name: Jaki, Thomas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: The majority of phase III clinical trials use a 2-arm randomized controlled trial with 50% allocation between the control treatment and experimental treatment. The sample size calculated for these clinical trials normally guarantee a power of at least 80% for a certain type I error, usually 5%. However, these sample size calculations, do not typically take into account the total patient population that may benefit from the treatment investigated. In this paper, we discuss two methods, which optimize the sample size of phase III clinical trial designs, to maximize the benefit to patients for the total patient population. We do this for trials that use a continuous endpoint, when the total patient population is small (i.e. for rare diseases). One approach uses a point estimate for the treatment effect to optimize the sample size and the second uses a distribution on the treatment effect in order to account for the uncertainty in the estimated treatment effect. Both one-stage and two-stage clinical trials, using three different stopping boundaries are investigated and compared, using efficacy and ethical measures. A completed clinical trial in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is used to demonstrate the use of the method.
Quantum mechanics, strong emergence and ontological non-reducibility
Creators: name: Gambini, Rodolfo
name: Lewowicz, Lucia
name: Pullin, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a new interpretation of quantum mechanics, in which the notion of event is defined without reference to measurement or observers, allows to construct a quantum general ontology based on systems, states and events. Unlike the Copenhagen interpretation, it does not resort to elements of a classical ontology. The quantum ontology in turn allows us to recognize that a typical behavior of quantum systems exhibits strong emergence and ontological non-reducibility. Such phenomena are not exceptional but natural, and are rooted in the basic mathematical structure of quantum mechanics.
description: 8 pages, to appear in Foundations of Chemistry
Timelike structures of ten-dimensional supersymmetry
Creators: name: Legramandi, Andrea
name: Martucci, Luca
name: Tomasiello, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In several contexts, supersymmetry can be reformulated in terms of calibrations, namely forms whose integrals measure minimal energies. It has been conjectured that this should be possible in general. For type II supergravity, we present a new system of equations which realizes this expectation. Besides the customary D-brane calibrations, it also includes NS5-brane and KK5-monopole calibrations. It is equivalent to supersymmetry under the assumption that the Killing vector associated to supersymmetry is timelike. No assumption is made on a factorization of spacetime. We also obtain a version of the system which is manifestly S-invariant and we present an application to near-horizon backgrounds. Using calibration, a definition of central charges in purely gravitational terms is given.
description: 61 pages; v3: typo fixed
Information-Entropic Measure of Energy-Degenerate Kinks in Two-Field Models
Creators: name: Correa, R. A. C.
name: Dutra, A. de Souza
name: Gleiser, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the existence and properties of kink-like solitons in a class of models with two interacting scalar fields. In particular, we focus on models that display both double and single-kink solutions, treatable analytically using the Bogomol'nyi--Prasad--Sommerfield bound (BPS). Such models are of interest in applications that include Skyrmions and various superstring-motivated theories. Exploring a region of parameter space where the energy for very different spatially-bound configurations is degenerate, we show that a newly-proposed momentum-space entropic measure called Configurational Entropy (CE) can distinguish between such energy-degenerate spatial profiles. This information-theoretic measure of spatial complexity provides a complementary perspective to situations where strictly energy-based arguments are inconclusive.
The impact of COVID-19 and other shocks on Agri Food SMEs along the poultry and fish value chains in Rivers State
Creators: name: Muhammad, Hudu
name: Tasie, Saweda
name: Belton, Ben
name: Tasie, Oyinkan
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Wellington, Osawe
name: Muhammad, Hudu
name: Tasie, Saweda
name: Belton, Ben
name: Tasie, Oyinkan
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Wellington, Osawe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Policy
subject: Agriculture
subject: Nigeria
subject: Covid
subject: Food

description: This policy research note summarizes key findings from a study on the impact of COVID-19 and associated policies on SMEs along the poultry and fish value chain in Rivers State.
Using Nonlinear Normal Modes for Execution of Efficient Cyclic Motions in Articulated Soft Robots
Creators: name: Della Santina, Cosimo
name: Lakatos, Dominic
name: Bicchi, Antonio
name: Albu-Schäffer, Alin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Inspired by the vertebrate branch of the animal kingdom, articulated soft robots are robotic systems embedding elastic elements into a classic rigid (skeleton-like) structure. Leveraging on their bodies elasticity, soft robots promise to push their limits far beyond the barriers that affect their rigid counterparts. However, existing control strategies aiming at achieving this goal are either tailored on specific examples, or rely on model cancellations -- thus defeating the purpose of introducing elasticity in the first place. In a series of recent works, we proposed to implement efficient oscillatory motions in robots subject to a potential field, aimed at solving these issues. A main component of this theory are Eigenmanifolds, that we defined as nonlinear continuations of the classic linear eigenspaces. When the soft robot is initialized on one of these manifolds, it evolves autonomously while presenting regular -- and thus practically useful -- evolutions, called normal modes. In addition to that, we proposed a control strategy making modal manifolds attractors for the system, and acting on the total energy of the soft robot to move from a modal evolution to the other. In this way, a large class of autonomous behaviors can be excited, which are direct expression of the embodied intelligence of the soft robot. Despite the fact that the idea behind our work comes from physical intuition and preliminary experimental validations, the formulation that we have provided so far is however rather theoretical, and very much in need of an experimental validation. The aim of this paper is to provide such an experimental validation using as testbed the articulated soft leg. We will introduce a simplified control strategy, and we will test its effectiveness on this system, to implement swing-like oscillations. We plan to extend this validation with a soft quadruped.
description: This is a paper recently submitted to ISER, extracted from the previous version which was rejected by TRO
CONSOLE Project - Deliverable 1.1 - "Preliminary framework"
Creators: name: Viaggi, Davide
name: Raggi, Meri
name: Zavalloni, Matteo
name: Galioto, Francesco
name: Targetti, Stefano
name: Raina, Nidhi
name: Schaller, Lena
name: Eichhorn, Theresa
name: Kantelhardt, Jochen
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2020
Subjects: AGR/01 Economia ed estimo rurale
SECS-S/01 Statistica

description: The objective of this document is to provide an initial conceptual framework for the project CONSOLE. The initial framework aims at providing a basis for interpretation of the project activities, hence connecting project objectives, approach and the state of the art about the topic. In order to achieve this objective, this initial version of the framework takes mainly the approach of an organized broad literature review in support of the project expected activities. It also aims at identifying the relevant definitions and scope for the project. Finally and foremost, it investigates the tentative logic of a preliminary conceptual framework to be further developed into an operational framework in the following tasks of WP1 (and of the project as a whole). In order to meet these tasks, the literature considered is not restricted to the specific contract types addressed by the project (see below), but rather attempts to contextualise these contract types in the wider literature on agri- environmental-climate public goods (AECPGs) provision by agriculture and forestry. In doing so, we acknowledge the wide variety of hybrid and mixed solutions that may be relevant in practice. In addition, we have tried to review specifically the most recent scientific literature, including the most debated issues; some classical concepts that are well established in the literature may be neglected or under-represented here.
Microbiome Shifts in the Supragingival Biofilm in Orthodontic Patients
Creators: name: Livingston, Taneisha
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Orthodontic treatment increases risk of caries and periodontal disease. To evaluate whether introduction of fixed appliances induces dysbiotic shifts in the supragingival biofilm, we conducted a longitudinal study of adolescent orthodontic patients using next-generation sequencing methods. Twenty four patients had clinical measures and plaque samples collected before bonding and at 1, 6 and 12 weeks thereafter. Overall, gingival health worsened over time relative to baseline. Plaque and saliva samples have distinct microbiomes. Alpha diversity did not change significantly over time. Biofilm taxonomic diversity significantly decreased in RNA from baseline pre-treatment to one week post-bonding, African-Americans show distinct characteristics of their microbiome relative to other ethnic populations. Initial evidence suggests that in healthy individuals, a dysbiotic shift in both phylogenetic diversity and metatranscriptomic activity of supragingival oral biofilm occurs after the introduction of fixed orthodontic appliances. Further study is needed to determine significance, reveal therapeutic targets and assess for novel interventions.
Frictional shakedown and ratcheting of an oscillating cylindrical, elastic contact with Coulomb friction
Creators: name: Wetter Robbin
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2015
Subjects: ПРЕДЕЛЬНЫЙ ИЗНОС
УПРУГИЙ КОНТАКТ КАЧЕНИЯ
СУХОЕ ТРЕНИЕ
ЦИКЛИЧЕСКАЯ ПОЛЗУЧЕСТЬ
УПРУГИЙ ЦИЛИНДР
КОЛЕБАНИЯ
FRICTIONAL SHAKEDOWN
ELASTIC ROLLING CONTACT
COULOMB FRICTION
RATCHETING
ELASTIC CYLINDER
VIBRATIONS

description: We examine frictional shakedown of an elastic contact of a cylinder pressed on a flat substrate. Slight oscillatory rolling of the cylinder varies the pressure distribution and the contact region. Together with the tangential load, this rocking motion causes incremental sliding processes and a macroscopic rigid body motion. In case that the oscillation amplitude is sufficiently small, the slip ceases after the first few periods and a safe shakedown occurs: the residual force in the contact withstands the tangential load. Otherwise ratcheting occurs: one side of the contact alternately sticks, while the other slips. This leads to a continuing rigid body motion. By derivation of the tangential stress distribution and use of the Boussinesq and Cerruti potential functions, we find approximations for the shakedown limits for the tangential load and the oscillation amplitude. This allows the accurate prediction of the displacement and the reduced tangential load capacity in the shakedown state. The results show strong agreement with numerical and experimental data.
Unraveling the mesoscopic character of quantum dots in nanophotonics
Creators: name: Tighineanu, Petru
name: Sørensen, Anders Søndberg
name: Stobbe, Søren
name: Lodahl, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a microscopic theory for semiconductor quantum dots that explains the pronounced deviations from the prevalent point-dipole description that were recently observed in spectroscopic experiments on quantum dots in photonic nanostructures. At the microscopic level the deviations originate from structural inhomogeneities generating a large circular quantum current density that flows inside the quantum dot over mesoscopic length scales. The model is supported by the experimental data, where a strong variation of the multipolar moments across the emission spectrum of quantum dots is observed. Our work enriches the physical understanding of quantum dots and is of significance for the fields of nanophotonics, quantum photonics, and quantum-information science, where quantum dots are actively employed.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Value of Information in Feedback Control: Quantification
Creators: name: Soleymani, Touraj
name: Baras, John S.
name: Hirche, Sandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Although transmission of a data packet containing sensory information in a networked control system improves the quality of regulation, it has indeed a price from the communication perspective. It is, therefore, rational that such a data packet be transmitted only if it is valuable in the sense of a cost-benefit analysis. Yet, the fact is that little is known so far about this valuation of information and its connection with traditional event-triggered communication. In the present article, we study this intrinsic property of networked control systems by formulating a rate-regulation tradeoff between the packet rate and the regulation cost with an event trigger and a controller as two distributed decision makers, and show that the valuation of information is conceivable and quantifiable grounded on this tradeoff. In particular, we characterize an equilibrium in the rate-regulation tradeoff, and quantify the value of information $\text{VoI}_k$ there as the variation in a so-called value function with respect to a piece of sensory information that can be communicated to the controller at each time $k$. We prove that, for a multi-dimensional Gauss-Markov process, $\text{VoI}_k$ is a symmetric function of the discrepancy between the state estimates at the event trigger and the controller, and that a data packet containing sensory information at time $k$ should be transmitted to the controller only if $\text{VoI}_k$ is nonnegative. Moreover, we discuss that $\text{VoI}_k$ can be computed with arbitrary accuracy, and that it can be approximated by a closed-form quadratic function with a performance guarantee.
Equivalent Time Active Cavitation Imaging
Creators: name: Blais, Simon
name: Poree, Jonathan
name: Ramos-Palacios, Gerardo
name: Desmarais, Samuel
name: Perrot, Vincent
name: Sadikot, Abbas
name: Provost, Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of neurologically active drugs faces a challenge in treating brain diseases due to the blood-brain barrier's impermeability. High-intensity focused ultrasound can open the barrier in a targeted manner, expanding treatment options. However, this procedure risks brain damage and off-target effects without proper monitoring. Current monitoring methods have limitations. We present Equivalent Time Active Cavitation Imaging, a novel ultrasound modality that characterizes the ultrasound pressure field during treatment. This system utilizes a unique plane wave sequence and an algorithm to filter the microbubble signal for pressure field mapping. We conducted pressure measurements in vitro for comparison with hydrophones and in vivo during blood-brain barrier opening in mice. Our modality successfully spatiotemporally characterizes the pressure field with an active imaging setup, demonstrating good correlation with hydrophone measurements. Experimental in vivo results are promising, establishing the feasibility of this monitoring method. In conclusion, this proof of concept represents a significant step toward a new ultrasound modality for monitoring blood-brain barrier opening using focused ultrasound. This approach offers a safer and more precise monitoring method, opening new possibilities for treating brain diseases.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures
A search for planetary eclipses of white dwarfs in the Pan-STARRS1 medium-deep fields
Creators: name: Fulton, B. J.
name: Tonry, J. L.
name: Flewelling, H.
name: Burgett, W. S.
name: Chambers, K. C.
name: Hodapp, K. W.
name: Huber, M. E.
name: Kaiser, N.
name: Wainscoat, R. J.
name: Waters, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a search for eclipses of $\sim$1700 white dwarfs in the Pan-STARRS1 medium-deep fields. Candidate eclipse events are selected by identifying low outliers in over 4.3 million light curve measurements. We find no short-duration eclipses consistent with being caused by a planetary size companion. This large dataset enables us to place strong constraints on the close-in planet occurrence rates around white dwarfs for planets as small as 2 R$_\oplus$. Our results indicate that gas giant planets orbiting just outside the Roche limit are rare, occurring around less than 0.5% of white dwarfs. Habitable-zone super-Earths and hot super-Earths are less abundant than similar classes of planets around main-sequence stars. These constraints give important insight into the ultimate fate of the large population of exoplanets orbiting main sequence stars.
description: accepted to ApJ on 9/21/2014
Agricultural Transformation in Malawi: A Call to Action
Creators: name: Mangani, Ronald
name: Jayne, Thom S.
name: Hazell, Peter
name: Chimatiro, Sloans
name: Muyanga, Milu
name: Burke, William J.
name: Mangani, Ronald
name: Jayne, Thom S.
name: Hazell, Peter
name: Chimatiro, Sloans
name: Muyanga, Milu
name: Burke, William J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Agriculture; agricultural transformation; Malawi

description: • We highlight the need for and a path towards policies Malawi could adopt to achieve economic development and transformation. • Overarching challenges include policy unpredictability, incomplete implementation, and poor coordination among stakeholders. • FISP spending crowds out other investments that could address low productivity and environmental degradation. • Leadership requires political will, evidence-based analysis, and a coalition of public, private, donor and NGO interests. • MwAPATAʼs Agriculture Policy Reform Mechanism (MAReM) will facilitate this coalition to improve Malawian agriculture.
Towards a dynamical interpretation of Hamiltonian spectral invariants on surfaces
Creators: name: Humilière, Vincent
name: Roux, Frédéric Le
name: Seyfaddini, Sobhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Inspired by Le Calvez' theory of transverse foliations for dynamical systems of surfaces, we introduce a dynamical invariant, denoted by N, for Hamiltonians of any surface other than the sphere. When the surface is the plane or is closed and aspherical, we prove that on the set of autonomous Hamiltonians this invariant coincides with the spectral invariants constructed by Viterbo on the plane and Schwarz on closed and aspherical surfaces. Along the way, we obtain several results of independent interest: We show that a formal spectral invariant, satisfying a minimal set of axioms, must coincide with N on autonomous Hamiltonians thus establishing a certain uniqueness result for spectral invariants, we obtain a "Max Formula" for spectral invariants on aspherical manifolds, give a very simple description of the Entov-Polterovich quasi-state on aspherical surfaces and characterize the heavy and super-heavy subsets of such surfaces.
description: 94 pages, 16 figures, 7 footnotes
title: Das Erbe vom Reinbothschen Grundstück: die archäologischen Befunde und Funde der Grabung Schleswig LA 225, Rathausmarkt 17
Creators: name: Pohl, Per-Ole
Publisher: name: Offa
Year: 2018

description: Neben diversen hölzernen Baubefunden wie Brunnen-, Kloaken- und Zaunresten wurden auch mehr als 2700 Kleinfunde geborgen und dokumentiert, die im Rahmen der vorliegenden Masterarbeit 2014 in Kooperation mit dem ALSH am Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel bearbeitet wurden. Der Datierungsschwerpunkt der Funde liegt im 13. Jh., also am Übergang vom hohen zum späten Mittelalter. Diese Phase umfasst auch den Übergang vom frühen zum späten Schleswig, als sich die Topografie und das Leben in der Stadt stark wandelten. Das Fundmaterial vom Grundstück Rathausmarkt 17 umfasst ein reichhaltiges Spektrum materieller Kultur des Schleswiger Mittelalters und beinhaltet Funde sämtlicher Materialgruppen wie Eisen, Buntmetall, Keramik, Glas, Knochen, Holz oder Leder. Folgt man den Indizien für Hauswerk und Handwerk der Grabung von 2010, so lassen sich mehrere Tätigkeiten nachweisen, von denen einige sich auch durch die Schriftquellen des 16. Jhs. für das Umfeld des Grundstücks belegen lassen. Zu nennen sind hier die sicheren Nachweise von Textilverarbeitung durch den Fund von Spinnwirteln, Stecknadeln, Nähnadeln und Ahlen. Auf dem Reinbothschen Grundstück hat im 13. Jh. in mehr oder weniger begrenztem Umfang mit der Bearbeitung von Leder und Stoffen eine Werktätigkeit – ausgeübt als nicht eindeutig zu benennendes Hauswerk oder Handwerk – stattgefunden, die auf die Arbeit eines Schneiders, Riemenschneiders oder Beutelmachers hinweist.
description: Offa, 71/72 (2014/2015)
RF Transport Electromagnetic Properties of CVD Graphene from DC to 110 MHz
Creators: name: Awan, Shakil Ahmed
name: Pan, Genhua
name: Taan, Laith M. Al
name: Li, Bing
name: Jamil, Nawfal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurement of the radio-frequency (RF) transport electromagnetic properties of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) graphene over the DC to 110 MHz frequency range at room temperature. Graphene on Si/SiO2 substrate was mounted in a shielded four terminal-pair (4TP) adaptor which enabled direct connection to a calibrated precision impedance analyser for measurements. Good agreement is observed for the DC four-probe resistance and the 4TP resistance at 40 Hz, both yielding R ~ 104 Ω. In general the apparent graphene channel electromagnetic properties are found to be strongly influenced by the substrate parasitic capacitance and resistance, particularly for high-frequencies f > 1 MHz. A phenomenological lumped-parameter equivalent circuit model is presented which matches the frequency response of the graphene 4TP impedance device over approximately seven decades of the frequency range of the applied transport alternating current. Based on this model, it is shown for the first time, that the intrinsic graphene channel resistance of the 4TP device is frequency-independent (i.e. dissipationless) with RG ~ 105 Ω or sheet resistance of approximately 182 Ω / sq. The parasitic substrate impedance of the device is found shunt RG with RP ~ 2.2 Ω in series with CP ~ 600 pF. These results suggest that our new RF 4TP method is in good agreement with the conventional DC four-probe method for measuring the intrinsic sheet resistance of single-atom thick materials and could potentially open up new applications in RF electronics, AC quantum Hall effect metrology and sensors based on graphene 4TP devices operating over broad range of frequencies.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Streamlining Brain Tumor Classification with Custom Transfer Learning in MRI Images
Creators: name: Hossain, Javed
name: Islam, Md. Touhidul
name: Tusar, Md. Taufiqul Haque Khan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Brain tumors are increasingly prevalent, characterized by the uncontrolled spread of aberrant tissues in the brain, with almost 700,000 new cases diagnosed globally each year. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is commonly used for the diagnosis of brain tumors and accurate classification is a critical clinical procedure. In this study, we propose an efficient solution for classifying brain tumors from MRI images using custom transfer learning networks. While several researchers have employed various pre-trained architectures such as RESNET-50, ALEXNET, VGG-16, and VGG-19, these methods often suffer from high computational complexity. To address this issue, we present a custom and lightweight model using a Convolutional Neural Network-based pre-trained architecture with reduced complexity. Specifically, we employ the VGG-19 architecture with additional hidden layers, which reduces the complexity of the base architecture but improves computational efficiency. The objective is to achieve high classification accuracy using a novel approach. Finally, the result demonstrates a classification accuracy of 96.42%.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables
A Software-Based Observational Coding Method for Evaluating Pediatric Dental Anxiety
Creators: name: Rapolla, Allen Richard
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Allen R. Rapolla II: A SOFTWARE-BASED OBSERVATIONAL CODING METHOD FOR EVALUATING PEDIATRIC DENTAL ANXIETY(Under the direction of Laura Jacox)Patients troubled by dental anxiety often exhibit disruptive behavior during appointments and avoid routine care, leading to adverse outcomes and reduced quality of life. Use of animal-assisted therapy (AAT) in pediatric dental populations holds promise for behavior management and reducing anxiety and pain perception. Our aim is to develop and validate an observation-based assessment scale that utilizes state-of-the-art coding software (Noldus) and can incorporate objective metrics of stress, to objectively evaluate AAT.  Data were collected from a pilot trial on use of AAT in pediatric dentistry. Enrolled subjects (N=16, age 7-13) were assigned to AAT or an active control prior to care. Patients received operative treatment while having video data collected. A code book, behavioral scale and gold standard video were developed with Noldus Software, under supervision of a behavioral research expert.  Published scales were referenced in defining initial codes, which were iteratively revised over 5 videos, until investigators confirmed the code book. Videos were analyzed by one blinded, calibrated judge. Preliminary results indicate adequate inter-and intra-examiner agreement for coding anxiety measures in videos of pediatric dental procedures. Though validation is ongoing, data are encouraging for successful development of an objective, observational code book and scale for pediatric dental procedures.
Giga-Gauss scale quasistatic magnetic field generation in an 'escargot' target
Creators: name: Korneev, Ph.
name: d'Humieres, E.
name: Tikhonchuk, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple setup for the generation of ultra-intense quasistatic magnetic fields, based on the generation of electron currents with a predefined geometry in a curved 'escargot' target, is proposed and analysed. Particle-In-Cell simulations and qualitative estimates show that giga-Gauss scale magnetic fields may be achieved with existent laser facilities. The described mechanism of the strong magnetic field generation may be useful in a wide range of applications, from laboratory astrophysics to magnetized ICF schemes.
description: Submitted to PRL. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1409.5246
CATALYTIC MULTI-COMPONENT COUPLING REACTIONS  OF SILYL GLYOXYLATES
Creators: name: Turman, Nolan Clark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Described is the development of catalytic, stereoselective reactions of silyl glyoxylates utilizing Rh(I)-catalyzed additions of aryl boronic acids. This reactivity was translated asymmetrically via additional effort from our laboratory resulting in the development of a novel tricyclo-[2.2.1.0]- ligand which provided levels of enantioinduction previously unseen within these types of systems. The value of this methodology was expanded towards three-component couplings with aryl aldehydes functioning as an electrophilic trap. Investigative efforts were also applied to improving reaction diastereoselectivity through the application of more sterically encumbered glyoxylates.
Towards a biosynthetically inspired synthesis of bromochlorinated medium ring ethers of laurencia species by intermolecular bromonium ion induced reactions
Creators: name: Al-Gharebawi, Yusrah
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: The research presented herein describes a biosynthetically inspired approach to the bromochlorinated 7-, 8- and 9-membered medium ring ethers of the Laurencia species by intermolecular bromonium ion induced reactions. This thesis has been separated into three major chapters; including an experimental cataloguing the experimental procedures and spectroscopic data. An Appendix is also provided, which describes additional work. Chapter 1 provides the prior total syntheses of the bromochlorinated medium ring ethers of the Laurencia species. Preceding literature on relevant intramolecular and intermolecular bromonium ion assisted epoxide ring opening reactions (intra-BIAERO and inter-BIAERO, respectively) are also discussed. Chapter 2 introduces a biosynthetically inspired approach to the total synthesis of the desired 7-, 8- and 9-membered medium ring ethers of the Laurencia species. Model 1,2-disubstituted acyclic alkenes A.1 and 1,2-disubstituted acyclic epoxides A.2 were combined in an attempted inter-BIAERO (Scheme 1). Various exogenous nucleophiles were investigated including TMSCl, TBAC and LiCl. NBS was the chosen brominating agent. The inter-BIAERO reactions were unsuccessful and proposed to be sterically hindered by the presence of the doubly protected TBDPS/TIPS alcohols. Scheme 1. Model 1,2-disubstituted acyclic alkenes A.1 and 1,2-disubstituted acyclic epoxides A.2 were combined in an attempted inter-BIAERO but failed to produce the desired haloethers A.3 and A.4. However, employing model 1,2-disubstituted cyclic alkene A.5 and 1,2-disubstituted cyclic epoxide A.6 in a route that also takes advantage of an inter-BIAERO reaction in the presence of NBS as a brominating agent was more successful (Scheme 2.1). Various external nucleophiles were explored in the inter-BIAERO coupling reaction including several substituted benzoic acids A.7. The inter-BIAERO reaction produced the desired bromobenzoate ethers A.8 and A.9; model precursors to the desired 7-, 8- and 9-membered medium ring ethers of the Laurencia species and bromobenzoate A.10. Scheme 2.1. Model 1,2-disubstituted cyclic alkene A.5 and 1,2-disubstituted cyclic epoxide A.6 were coupled in a successful inter-BIAERO reaction that provided the desired model bromobenzoate ethers A.8 and A.9. The successful conditions for the inter-BIAERO reaction (Scheme 2.1) were modified and employed in the coupling of 1,4-cyclohexadiene A.11 and cis-diepoxide A.12 (Scheme 2.2). This provided the desired epoxy bromobenzoate ethers A.13 an A.14, precursors to the bromochlorinated 7-, 8- and 9-membered medium ring ethers of the Laurencia species, alongside bromobenzoate A.15. Scheme 2.2. 1,4-Cyclohexadiene A.11 and cis-diepoxide A.12 were coupled in a successful inter-BIAERO reaction that provided the desired epoxy bromobenzoate ethers A.13 an A.14, alongside bromobenzoate A.15
Topological and geometrical quantities in active cellular structures
Creators: name: Wenzel, Dennis
name: Praetorius, Simon
name: Voigt, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 35K25

description: Topological and geometrical properties and the associated topological defects find a rapidly growing interest in studying the interplay between mechanics and the collective behavior of cells on the tissue level. We here test if well studied equilibrium laws for polydisperse passive systems such as the Lewis's and the Aboav-Weaire's law are applicable also for active cellular structures. Large scale simulations, which are based on a multi phase field active polar gel model, indicate that these active cellular structures follow these laws. If the system is in a state of collective motion also quantitative agreement with typical values for passive systems is observed. If this state has not developed quantitative differences can be found. We further compare the model with discrete modeling approaches for cellular structures and show that essential properties, such as T1 transitions and rosettes are naturally fulfilled.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Application of the iterative approach to modal methods for the solution of Maxwell's equations
Creators: name: Semenikhin, Igor
name: Zanuccoli, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we discuss the possibility to reduce the computational complexity of modal methods, i.e. methods based on eigenmodes expansion, from the third power to the second power of the number of eigenmodes. The proposed approach is based on the calculation of the eigenmodes part by part by using shift-and-invert iterative technique and by applying the iterative approach to solve linear equations to compute eigenmodes expansion coefficients. As practical implementation, the iterative modal methods based on polynomials and trigonometric functions as well as on finite-difference scheme are developed. Alternatives to the scattering matrix (S-matrix) technique which are based on pure iterative or mixed direct-iteractive approaches allowing to markedly reduce the number of required numerical operations are discussed. Additionally, the possibility of diminishing the memory demand of the whole algorithm from second to first power of the number of modes by implementing the iterative approach is demonstrated. This allows to carry out calculations up to hundreds of thousands eigenmodes without using a supercomputer.
Computing Classic Closeness Centrality, at Scale
Creators: name: Cohen, Edith
name: Delling, Daniel
name: Pajor, Thomas
name: Werneck, Renato F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.2.2; H.2.8

description: Closeness centrality, first considered by Bavelas (1948), is an importance measure of a node in a network which is based on the distances from the node to all other nodes. The classic definition, proposed by Bavelas (1950), Beauchamp (1965), and Sabidussi (1966), is (the inverse of) the average distance to all other nodes. We propose the first highly scalable (near linear-time processing and linear space overhead) algorithm for estimating, within a small relative error, the classic closeness centralities of all nodes in the graph. Our algorithm applies to undirected graphs, as well as for centrality computed with respect to round-trip distances in directed graphs. For directed graphs, we also propose an efficient algorithm that approximates generalizations of classic closeness centrality to outbound and inbound centralities. Although it does not provide worst-case theoretical approximation guarantees, it is designed to perform well on real networks. We perform extensive experiments on large networks, demonstrating high scalability and accuracy.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures, appeared at the 2nd ACM Conference on Online Social Networks (COSN'14)