cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An Outlyingness Matrix for Multivariate Functional Data Classification
Creators: name: Dai, Wenlin
name: Genton, Marc G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The classification of multivariate functional data is an important task in scientific research. Unlike point-wise data, functional data are usually classified by their shapes rather than by their scales. We define an outlyingness matrix by extending directional outlyingness, an effective measure of the shape variation of curves that combines the direction of outlyingness with conventional depth. We propose two classifiers based on directional outlyingness and the outlyingness matrix, respectively. Our classifiers provide better performance compared with existing depth-based classifiers when applied on both univariate and multivariate functional data from simulation studies. We also test our methods on two data problems: speech recognition and gesture classification, and obtain results that are consistent with the findings from the simulated data.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures, Statistica Sinica, 2017
title: On the computational analysis of microbuckling via mesoscale approaches
title: Über die numerische Berechnung von Faserbeulen durch Mesoskalenansätze
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Daum, Benedikt
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: microbuckling
subject: size effect
subject: compressive strength
subject: fiber reinforced composites
subject: Faserbeulen
subject: Größeneffekt
subject: Druckfestigkeit
subject: Faserverbundmaterial
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: The present treatise is concerned with the application of numerical models to the prediction of compressive strength and associated phenomena in fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites. This topic has received much attention by the scientific community, and the basic mechanisms at microscopic scale are well understood. Even so, microscale models and theories offer no predictive capability at scales relevant for practical application, and the problem of devising suitable approaches for this purpose is still wide open. The main obstacle in this endeavor is that relevant mechanisms are spread over several length scales, hindering their integration. To address this challenge, the topic is thoroughly reviewed and mesoscale approaches are identified as an essential stepping stone towards an eventual transfer of fundamental scientific research to engineering application. Subsequently, the mesoscopic approach based on a homogenized representation of the fiber/matrix composite is developed further and its application for the prediction of the aforementioned mechanisms is demonstrated: Random flaws in local fiber alignment are the main source of uncertainty with regard to compressive strength and introduce a dependence of compressive strength on domain size. Methods for the proper representation of these flaws and their effect on compressive strength are considered and extended. Compressive failure in the materials under consideration is caused by shear strain localization and features characteristic width and orientation. To make these phenomena amenable to mesoscale modelling as a homogenized solid, the application of an extended solid theory with additional rotational degrees of freedom is considered. The versatility of the approach is demonstrated by predicting phenomena ranging from very small sizes, i.e. the bandwidth, to large sizes via the predicted scale law for compressive strength. Hence, it is argued that the mesoscale approach provides an excellent platform for further work concerned with component scale applications.
Evaluation of Candidate Reference Genes Stability for Gene Expression Analysis by Reverse Transcription QPCR in Clostridium Perfringens
Creators: name: Williams, Michele L.
name: Ghanem, Mostafa
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2022
Subjects: applied microbiology
pathogens

description: Partial funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries' Open Access Publishing Fund.
description: Identification of stable reference genes for normalization purposes is necessary for obtaining reliable and accurate results of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses. To our knowledge, no reference gene(s) have been validated for this purpose in Clostridium perfringens. In this study, the expression profile of ten candidate reference genes from three strains of C. perfringens were assessed for stability under various experimental conditions using geNorm in qbase + . These stability rankings were then compared to stability assessments evaluated by BestKeeper, NormFinder, delta Ct, and RefFinder algorithms. When comparing all the analyses; gyrA, ftsZ, and recA were identified within the most stable genes under the different experimental conditions and were further tested as a set of reference genes for normalization of alpha toxin gene expression over a 22-h period. Depending on the condition, rpoA and rho might also be suitable to include as part of the reference set. Although commonly used for the purpose of normalizing RT-qPCR data, the 16S rRNA gene (rrs) was found to be an unsuitable gene to be used as a reference. This work provides a framework for the selection of a suitable stable reference gene set for data normalization of C. perfringens gene expression.
Discovering the interior of black holes
Creators: name: Brustein, Ram
name: Medved, A. J. M.
name: Yagi, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) from black hole (BH) mergers provides an inroad toward probing the interior of astrophysical BHs. The general-relativistic description of the BH interior is that of empty spacetime with a (possibly) singular core. Recently, however, the hypothesis that the BH interior does not exist has been gaining traction, as it provides a means for resolving the BH information-loss problem. Here, we propose a simple method for answering the following question: Does the BH interior exist and, if so, does it contain some distribution of matter or is it mostly empty? Our proposal is premised on the idea that, similar to the case of relativistic, ultra-compact stars, any BH-like object whose interior has some matter distribution should support fluid modes in addition to the conventional spacetime modes. In particular, the Coriolis-induced Rossby (r-) modes, whose spectrum is mostly insensitive to the composition of the interior matter, should be a universal feature of such BH-like objects. In fact, the frequency and damping time of these modes are determined by only the object's mass and speed of rotation. The r-modes oscillate at a lower frequency, decay at a slower rate and produce weaker GWs than do modes of the spacetime class. Hence, they imprint a model-insensitive signature of a non-empty interior in the GW spectrum resulting from a BH merger. We find that future GW detectors, such as Advanced LIGO with its design sensitivity, have the potential of detecting such r-modes if the amount of GWs leaking out quantum mechanically from the interior of a BH-like object is sufficiently large.
description: Added author, added discussion of detectability, clarified conclusions, 32 pages, 3 figures. V3 agrees with the accepted version - minor revisions
KdV-type equations linked via Baecklund transformations: remarks and perspectives
Creators: name: Carillo, Sandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 58G37, 35Q53, 58F07

description: Third order nonlinear evolution equations, that is the Korteweg-deVries (KdV), modified Korteweg-deVries (mKdV) equation and other ones are considered: they all are connected via Baecklund transformations. These links can be depicted in a wide Baecklund Chart} which further extends the previous one constructed in [22]. In particular, the Baecklund transformation which links the mKdV equation to the KdV singularity manifold equation is reconsidered and the nonlinear equation for the KdV eigenfunction is shown to be linked to all the equations in the previously constructed Baecklund Chart. That is, such a Baecklund Chart is expanded to encompass the nonlinear equation for the KdV eigenfunctions [30], which finds its origin in the early days of the study of Inverse scattering Transform method, when the Lax pair for the KdV equation was constructed. The nonlinear equation for the KdV eigenfunctions is proved to enjoy a nontrivial invariance property. Furthermore, the hereditary recursion operator it admits [30 is recovered via a different method. Then, the results are extended to the whole hierarchy of nonlinear evolution equations it generates. Notably, the established links allow to show that also the nonlinear equation for the KdV eigenfunction is connected to the Dym equation since both such equations appear in the same Baecklund chart.
description: 18 pages
Medical therapy and imaging fixed-field alternating-gradient accelerator with realistic magnets
Creators: name: Tygier, S.
name: Marinov, K.
name: Appleby, R. B.
name: Clarke, J.
name: Garland, J. M.
name: Owen, H.
name: Shepherd, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NORMA is a design for a normal-conducting race track fixed-field alternating-gradient accelerator (FFAG) for protons from 50 to 350 MeV. In this article we show the development from an idealised lattice to a design implemented with field maps from rigorous two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) FEM magnet modelling. We show that whilst the fields from a 2D model may reproduce the idealised field to a close approximation, adjustments must be made to the lattice to account for differences brought about by the 3D model and fringe fields and full 3D models. Implementing these lattice corrections we recover the required properties of small tune shift with energy and a sufficiently-large dynamic aperture. The main result is an iterative design method to produce the first realistic design for a proton therapy accelerator that can rapidly deliver protons for both treatment and for imaging at up to 350 MeV. The first iteration is performed explicitly and described in detail in the text.
Self-assembly of immune signals to program innate immunity through rational adjuvant design
Creators: name: Bookstaver, Michelle L.
name: Zeng, Qin
name: Oakes, Robert S.
name: Kapnick, Senta M.
name: Saxena, Vikas
name: Edwards, Camilla
name: Venkataraman, Nishedhya
name: Black, Sheneil K.
name: Zeng, Xiangbin
name: Froimchuk, Eugene
name: Gebhardt, Thomas
name: Bromberg, Jonathan S.
name: Jewell, Christopher M.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2022
Subjects: adjuvant
biomaterials
innate immunity
microparticles
nanoparticles
vaccine and immunotherapy

description: Partial funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries' Open Access Publishing Fund.
description: Recent clinical studies show activating multiple innate immune pathways drives robust responses in infection and cancer. Biomaterials offer useful features to deliver multiple cargos, but add translational complexity and intrinsic immune signatures that complicate rational design. Here a modular adjuvant platform is created using self-assembly to build nanostructured capsules comprised entirely of antigens and multiple classes of toll-like receptor agonists (TLRas). These assemblies sequester TLR to endolysosomes, allowing programmable control over the relative signaling levels transduced through these receptors. Strikingly, this combinatorial control of innate signaling can generate divergent antigen-specific responses against a particular antigen. These assemblies drive reorganization of lymph node stroma to a pro-immune microenvironment, expanding antigen-specific T cells. Excitingly, assemblies built from antigen and multiple TLRas enhance T cell function and antitumor efficacy compared to ad-mixed formulations or capsules with a single TLRa. Finally, capsules built from a clinically relevant human melanoma antigen and up to three TLRa classes enable simultaneous control of signal transduction across each pathway. This creates a facile adjuvant design platform to tailor signaling for vaccines and immunotherapies without using carrier components. The modular nature supports precision juxtaposition of antigen with agonists relevant for several innate receptor families, such as toll, STING, NOD, and RIG.
Understanding the muon anomalous magnetic moment in light of a flavor symmetry-based Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
Creators: name: Hussain, Mureed
name: Khalid, Rizwan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate whether the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with the scalar masses of the third generation distinct from the first two, in order to be able to accommodate the muon anomalous magnetic moment, is consistent with the latest results from LHCb, direct collider bounds from the ATLAS and CMS experiments. In particular, we show that this class of models allows for satisfying both the constraints from the muon $(g-2)_μ$ experiment and various bounds from the LHC. In addition, such models can also explain the observed dark matter relic density.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
The uniform invariant approximation property for compact groups
Creators: name: Ohrysko, Przemysław
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 43A20 (Primary), 43A25 (Secondary)

description: In this short note we give a proof of the refined version of the uniform invariant approximation property for compact (non-commutative) groups following the Bourgain's approach.
Distributed Task Allocation Algorithms for Multi-Agent Systems with Very Low Communication
Creators: name: Bapat, Akshay
name: Bora, Bharath Reddy
name: Herrmann, Jeffrey W.
name: Azarm, Shapour
name: Xu, Huan
name: Otte, Michael W.
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022
Subjects: autonomous robots
distributed
low communication environment
motion planning
target search
task allocation

description: Partial funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries' Open Access Publishing Fund.
description: In this paper we explore the problem of task allocation when communication is very low, e.g., when the probability of a successful message between agents is ≪0.01 . Such situations may occur when agents choose not to communicate for reasons of stealth or when agent-to-agent communication is actively jammed by an adversary. In such cases, agents may need to divide tasks without knowing the locations of each other. Given the assumption that agents know the total number of agents in the workspace, we investigate solutions that ensure all tasks are eventually completed—even if some of the agents are destroyed. We present two task allocation algorithms that assume communication may not happen, but that benefit whenever communications are successful. (1) The Spatial Division Playbook Algorithm divides task among agents based on an area decomposition. (2) The Traveling Salesman Playbook Algorithm considers mission travel distance by leveraging Christofides’ 3/2 approximation algorithm. These algorithms have task completion runtime complexity of O(mlogm) and O(m3) , respectively, where m refers to the total number of tasks. We compare both algorithms to four state-of-the-art task allocation algorithms — ACBBA, DHBA, PIA and GA — across multiple communication levels and multiple numbers of targets, and using three different communication models. The new algorithms perform favorably, in terms of the time required to ensure all targets are visited, in the special case when communication is very low.
Local conformal symmetry in non-Riemannian geometry and the origin of physical scales
Creators: name: de Cesare, Marco
name: Moffat, John W.
name: Sakellariadou, Mairi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an extension of the Standard Model and General Relativity built upon the principle of local conformal invariance, which represents a generalization of a previous work by Bars, Steinhardt and Turok. This is naturally realized by adopting as a geometric framework a particular class of non-Riemannian geometries, first studied by Weyl. The gravitational sector is enriched by a scalar and a vector field. The latter has a geometric origin and represents the novel feature of our approach. We argue that physical scales could emerge from a theory with no dimensionful parameters, as a result of the spontaneous breakdown of conformal and electroweak symmetries. We study the dynamics of matter fields in this modified gravity theory and show that test particles follow geodesics of the Levi-Civita connection, thus resolving an old criticism raised by Einstein against Weyl's original proposal.
description: 11 pages; v2: matches published version in EPJC; new title, includes new sections on the coupling of matter fields to the extended gravitational sector
When There is No Air, The Cradle Will Fall: A Narrative Review of Tobacco-Related Content Across Infant Safe Sleep Interventions
Creators: name: Jawed, Aysha
name: Jassal, Mandeep
Publisher: name: Frontiers
Year: 2022
Subjects: sudden unexpected infant death
sudden infant death syndrome
infant safe sleep
tobacco
infant mortality
pediatrics

description: Partial funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries' Open Access Publishing Fund.
description: Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) from sleep-related causes is a leading cause of infant mortality worldwide. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is one of the primary causes of SUID attributed to one or more environmental or behavioral determinants surrounding safe sleep practices among infants. The focus of many interventions on mitigating sleep-related infant deaths have addressed visible determinants pertaining to bed sharing, safe sleep surfaces, and removal of blankets, toys and other choking or strangulation hazards. Tobacco reduction and cessation have not been at the heart of any infant safe sleep interventions although addressing tobacco exposure is one of the primary safe sleep recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics. To date, there has not been a comprehensive review published on tobacco-related components across safe sleep interventions to reduce the risk of SIDS and SUID as the basis to contribute towards decreasing the rate of infant mortality. This review synthesizes the best practices, strategies, education, and additional interventions centered on addressing tobacco exposure as a risk factor for sleep-related infant deaths. Ten peer-reviewed studies were identified between 1995 and 2021 and integrated into this narrative review. There were three cross-sectional studies, three campaigns, one multi-center case control study, two randomized controlled trials, and two group comparison studies. Strengths and limitations of each approach are delineated followed by recommendations for future campaign, research, program, and practice endeavors to account for the totality of pertinent modifiable risk factors that contribute towards heightened infant mortality from sleep-related causes.
Quantitative analytical theory for disordered nodal points [Article and Erratum]
Creators: name: Sbierski, Björn
name: Madsen, Kevin A.
name: Brouwer, Piet W.
name: Karrasch, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Disorder effects are especially pronounced around nodal points in linearly dispersing bandstructures as present in graphene or Weyl semimetals. Despite the enormous experimental and numerical progress, even a simple quantity like the average density of states cannot be assessed quantitatively by analytical means. We demonstrate how this important problem can be solved employing the functional renormalization group method and, for the two dimensional case, demonstrate excellent agreement with reference data from numerical simulations based on tight-binding models. In three dimensions our analytic results also improve drastically on existing approaches.
description: Erratum prepended (1 + 4 + 3 pages)
Preschoolers’ temperament and social functioning in novel and routine contexts
Creators: name: Vaughan, Helena Shoplik
name: Teglasi, Hedwig
Publisher: name: Frontiers
Year: 2022
Subjects: temperament
negative emotion
positive emotion
effortful control
context
children

description: Partial funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries' Open Access Publishing Fund.
description: Introduction: The centrality of social competence to children’s short and long-term well-being has sparked interest in the factors that contribute to its development, including temperament, a set of biologically based dispositions. A large body of work documents two types of temperamental dispositions associated with young children’s social functioning: reactivity and regulation. There is consensus about the detrimental effects of negative reactive tendencies, called negative affective reactivity (NA), and about the beneficial effects of regulatory tendencies, called effortful control (EC), on social functioning. Another reactive component of temperament, Extraversion/Surgency (E/S) is less consistent in its relation with social functioning. Although NA is exacerbated by lack of familiarity, its contribution to social functioning in novel and routine contexts has not been systematically addressed. Methods: To test this study’s hypotheses, we devised a structured interview of adaptive responsiveness in context (ARC) which was completed by parents of preschoolers along with a comprehensive temperament questionnaire. Additionally, children completed an individually administered task measuring emotion-situation knowledge (N = 92) and their teachers completed a standard social competence questionnaire. Results and Discussion: A path analysis that controlled for variance shared across contexts and temperamental traits showed that NA was the only unique predictor of social functioning in the Novel context, that EC was the only unique predictor of social functioning in the Routine context and that E/S was not a unique predictor of social functioning in either context. Bivariate analyses, conducted without controlling for context overlap, showed all reactive emotional traits (subsumed within NA and E/S) to correlate exclusively with ARC in the Novel contexts. However, regulatory traits showed a mixed pattern. Inhibitory Control correlated with ARC in both contexts but more highly in the Routine context, and Perceptual Sensitivity correlated with ARC in the Novel context.
Spontaneous Polarization and Cell Guidance on Asymmetric Nanotopography
Creators: name: Herr, Corey
name: Winkler, Benjamin
name: Ziebert, Falko
name: Aranson, Igor S.
name: Fourkas, John T.
name: Losert, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2022

description: Partial funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries' Open Access Publishing Fund.
description: Asymmetric nanotopography with sub-cellular dimensions has recently demonstrated the ability to provide a unidirectional bias in cell migration. The details of this guidance depend on the type of cell studied and the design of the nanotopography. This behavior is not yet well understood, so there is a need for a predictive description of cell migration on such nanotopography that captures both the initiation of migration, and the way cell migration evolves. Here, we employ a three-dimensional, physics-based model to study cell guidance on asymmetric nanosawteeth. In agreement with experimental data, our model predicts that asymmetric sawteeth lead to spontaneous motion. Our model demonstrates that the nanosawteeth induce a unidirectional bias in guidance direction that is dependent upon actin polymerization rate and sawtooth dimensions. Motivated by this model, an analysis of previously reported experimental data indicates that the degree of guidance by asymmetric nanosawteeth increases with the cell velocity.
Tree amplitudes from nonlinear (super)symmetries in Volkov-Akulov theory
Creators: name: Karlsson, Anna
name: Luo, Hui
name: Murli, Divyanshu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The characteristics of tree level scattering amplitudes in theories with nonlinear (super)symmetries were recently proposed by Kallosh to be encoded in a simple way directly from the action, based on a background field method. We check this conjecture to lowest non-trivial order in the Volkov-Akulov theory, where the local 6-point diagram cancels and the results up to 6 points indeed are in agreement with S-matrix computations.
description: 13 pages. v2: refs. added. v3: refs added, intro and discussion improved
Barjols, dorure des cornes du bœuf
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
A theoretical framework for steady-state rheometry in generic flow conditions
Creators: name: Giusteri, Giulio G.
name: Seto, Ryohei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a general decomposition of the stress tensor for incompressible fluids in terms of its components on a tensorial basis adapted to the local flow conditions, which include extensional flows, simple shear flows, and any type of mixed flows. Such a basis is determined solely by the symmetric part of the velocity gradient and allows for a straightforward interpretation of the non-Newtonian response in any local flow conditions. In steady homogeneous flows, the material functions that represent the components of the stress on the adapted basis generalize and complete the classical set of viscometric functions used to characterize the response in simple shear flows. Such a general decomposition of the stress is effective in coherently organizing and interpreting rheological data from laboratory measurements and computational studies in non-viscometric steady flows of great importance for practical applications. The decomposition of the stress in terms with clearly distinct roles is also useful in developing constitutive models.
Why weight? Analytic approaches for large-scale population neuroscience data
Creators: name: Gard, Arianna M.
name: Hyde, Luke W.
name: Heeringa, Steven G.
name: West, Brady T.
name: Mitchell, Colter
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2023
Subjects: population neuroscience
generalizability
convenience sampling
probability sampling
ABCD Study®

description: Partial funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries' Open Access Publishing Fund.
description: Population-based neuroimaging studies that feature complex sampling designs enable researchers to generalize their results more widely. However, several theoretical and analytical questions pose challenges to researchers interested in these data. The following is a resource for researchers interested in using population-based neuroimaging data. We provide an overview of sampling designs and describe the differences between traditional model-based analyses and survey-oriented design-based analyses. To elucidate key concepts, we leverage data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ Study (ABCD Study®), a population-based sample of 11,878 9–10-year-olds in the United States. Analyses revealed modest sociodemographic discrepancies between the target population of 9–10-year-olds in the U.S. and both the recruited ABCD sample and the analytic sample with usable structural and functional imaging data. In evaluating the associations between socioeconomic resources (i.e., constructs that are tightly linked to recruitment biases) and several metrics of brain development, we show that model-based approaches over-estimated the associations of household income and under-estimated the associations of caregiver education with total cortical volume and surface area. Comparable results were found in models predicting neural function during two fMRI task paradigms. We conclude with recommendations for ABCD Study® users and users of population-based neuroimaging cohorts more broadly.
Effects of cavity-cavity interaction on the entanglement dynamics of a generalized double Jaynes-Cummings model
Creators: name: Pandit, Mahasweta
name: Das, Sreetama
name: Roy, Sudipto Singha
name: Dhar, Himadri Shekhar
name: Sen, Ujjwal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a generalized double Jaynes-Cummings model consisting of two isolated two-level atoms, each contained in a lossless cavity, with the cavities interacting with each other through a controlled photon hopping mechanism. The temporal dynamics of entanglement between the two atoms, as the atom-cavity system evolves with time, is investigated for different values of the mediated cavity-cavity interaction. We analytically show that at low values of such an interaction, entanglement between the atoms evolves under the effects of cavity perturbation and exhibits the well-known phenomenon of entanglement sudden death. Interestingly, using moderately large values of the interaction, a complete preclusion of sudden death of entanglement can be achieved, irrespective of its value in the initial two-atom state. Our results, thus allow us to design a model to sustain bipartite entanglement between two atomic qubits under the adverse effect of cavity induced environmental perturbation, by introducing a non-intrusive inter-cavity photon exchange that can be physically realized through cavity-QED setups in contemporary experiments. For completeness, we also compare the effects of inter-cavity interaction on entanglement with the case of direct spin-exchange interaction between the two isolated atoms.
description: Main text (8 pages, 5 figures), Main results unchanged; Typos corrected
Geometric Potential Resulting from Dirac Quantization
Creators: name: Lian, D. K.
name: Hu, L. D.
name: Liu, Q. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fundamental problem regarding the Dirac quantization of a free particle on an $N-1$ curved hypersurface embedded in $N$($\geq 2$) flat space is the impossibility to give the same form of the curvature-induced quantum potential, the geometric potential as commonly called, as that given by the Schrödinger equation method where the particle moves in a region confined by a thin-layer sandwiching the surface. We resolve this problem by means of previously proposed scheme that hypothesizes a simultaneous quantization of positions, momenta, and Hamiltonian, among which the operator-ordering-free section is identified and is then found sufficient to lead to the expected form of geometric potential.
description: 5 pages, 0 figure. corrected typos. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1701.08370
In-situ cryo-immune engineering of tumor microenvironment with cold-responsive nanotechnology for cancer immunotherapy
Creators: name: Ou, Wenquan
name: Stewart, Samantha
name: White, Alisa
name: Kwizera, Elyahb A.
name: Xu, Jiangsheng
name: Fang, Yuanzheng
name: Shamul, James G.
name: Xie, Changqing
name: Nurudeen, Suliat
name: Tirada, Nikki P.
name: Lu, Xiongbin
name: Tkaczuk, Katherine H.R.
name: He, Xiaoming
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2023

description: Partial funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries' Open Access Publishing Fund.
description: Cancer immunotherapy that deploys the host’s immune system to recognize and attack tumors, is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. However, its efficacy is greatly restricted by the immunosuppressive (i.e., immunologically cold) tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we report an in-situ cryo-immune engineering (ICIE) strategy for turning the TME from immunologically “cold” into “hot”. In particular, after the ICIE treatment, the ratio of the CD8+ cytotoxic T cells to the immunosuppressive regulatory T cells is increased by more than 100 times in not only the primary tumors with cryosurgery but also distant tumors without freezing. This is achieved by combining cryosurgery that causes “frostbite” of tumor with cold-responsive nanoparticles that not only target tumor but also rapidly release both anticancer drug and PD-L1 silencing siRNA specifically into the cytosol upon cryosurgery. This ICIE treatment leads to potent immunogenic cell death, which promotes maturation of dendritic cells and activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells as well as memory T cells to kill not only primary but also distant/metastatic breast tumors in female mice (i.e., the abscopal effect). Collectively, ICIE may enable an efficient and durable way to leverage the immune system for combating cancer and its metastasis.
Correlated attributes: Toward a labeling algorithm of complementary categorial features
Creators: name: Uriagereka, Juan
Publisher: name: Frontiers
Year: 2023
Subjects: categorical features
merge
punctual vs. distributed
matrices
real vs. complex entries

description: Partial funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries' Open Access Publishing Fund.
description: Classical syntactic features are revisited from an algebraic perspective, recalling a traditional argument that the ±N vs. ±V distinction involves correlated, conceptually orthogonal, features, which can be represented in the algebraic format of ±1 vs. ±i complementary elements in a vectorial space. Coupled with natural assumptions about shared information (semiotic) systems, such a space, when presumed within a labeling algorithm, allows us to deduce fundamental properties of the syntax that do not follow from the presumed computation, like core selectional restrictions for lexical categories or their very presupposition in the context of a system of grammatical categories. This article suggests how that fundamental distinction can be coupled with neurophysiological realities, some of which (represented as mathematically real) can be pinpointed into punctual representations, while others (represented as mathematically complex) are, instead, fundamentally distributed. The postulated matrix mechanics amounts to a novel perspective on how to analyze syntactic neurophysiological signals.
Coherent Transport in Photonic Lattices: A Survey of Recent Analytic Results
Creators: name: Bossé, Éric-Olivier
name: Vinet, Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 33C45, 81P45, 81V80

description: The analytic specifications of photonic lattices with fractional revival (FR) and perfect state transfer (PST) are reviewed. The approach to their design which is based on orthogonal polynomials is highlighted. A compendium of analytic models with PST is offered. New results on their FR properties are included. The nearest-neighbour approximation is adopted in most of the review; one analytic example with next-to-nearest neighbour interactions is also presented.
A Path Dependent Approach for Characterizing the Legal Governance of Autonomous Systems
Creators: name: Borson, Joseph E.
name: Xu, Huan
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022
Subjects: autonomous systems
legal governance
regulation

description: Partial funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries' Open Access Publishing Fund.
description: Autonomous systems promise significant improvements in many fields. These systems will be subject to legal governance requirements. The literature has largely focused on “autonomous governance” as a framework that is broadly applicable to autonomous devices regardless of the type of system (e.g., aviation or motor vehicles) at issue. While there are regulatory principles applicable to autonomous systems generally, an “autonomy-focused” approach is an inadequate lens to consider the governance of these systems. Rather, because autonomous systems are improvements of currently regulated complex systems, the regulation of autonomous elements will occur within those systems’ preexisting regulatory framework. Accordingly, the nature of future autonomous regulation will likely depend on the preexisting features of that substantive system, rather than on an optimal approach divorced from that history, an attribute known in the social science literature as path dependency. In order to characterize diverse regulated systems with an eye toward assessing future autonomous developments, we develop a framework of regulatory approaches to identify specific features of the preexisting regulatory scheme for a given system. We then analyze that approach by examining three different regulatory regimes (aviation, motor vehicles, and medical devices), across two different continents, and consider how the same type of requirement, e.g., fail-safe systems, can lead to different types of regulations depending on the differing baseline framework.
SimpleSSD: Modeling Solid State Drives for Holistic System Simulation
Creators: name: Jung, Myoungsoo
name: Zhang, Jie
name: Abulila, Ahmed
name: Kwon, Miryeong
name: Shahidi, Narges
name: Shalf, John
name: Kim, Nam Sung
name: Kandemir, Mahmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Existing solid state drive (SSD) simulators unfortunately lack hardware and/or software architecture models. Consequently, they are far from capturing the critical features of contemporary SSD devices. More importantly, while the performance of modern systems that adopt SSDs can vary based on their numerous internal design parameters and storage-level configurations, a full system simulation with traditional SSD models often requires unreasonably long runtimes and excessive computational resources. In this work, we propose SimpleSSD, a highfidelity simulator that models all detailed characteristics of hardware and software, while simplifying the nondescript features of storage internals. In contrast to existing SSD simulators, SimpleSSD can easily be integrated into publicly-available full system simulators. In addition, it can accommodate a complete storage stack and evaluate the performance of SSDs along with diverse memory technologies and microarchitectures. Thus, it facilitates simulations that explore the full design space at different levels of system abstraction.
description: This paper has been accepted at IEEE Computer Architecture Letters (CAL)
A Context-aware Attention Network for Interactive Question Answering
Creators: name: Li, Huayu
name: Min, Martin Renqiang
name: Ge, Yong
name: Kadav, Asim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural network based sequence-to-sequence models in an encoder-decoder framework have been successfully applied to solve Question Answering (QA) problems, predicting answers from statements and questions. However, almost all previous models have failed to consider detailed context information and unknown states under which systems do not have enough information to answer given questions. These scenarios with incomplete or ambiguous information are very common in the setting of Interactive Question Answering (IQA). To address this challenge, we develop a novel model, employing context-dependent word-level attention for more accurate statement representations and question-guided sentence-level attention for better context modeling. We also generate unique IQA datasets to test our model, which will be made publicly available. Employing these attention mechanisms, our model accurately understands when it can output an answer or when it requires generating a supplementary question for additional input depending on different contexts. When available, user's feedback is encoded and directly applied to update sentence-level attention to infer an answer. Extensive experiments on QA and IQA datasets quantitatively demonstrate the effectiveness of our model with significant improvement over state-of-the-art conventional QA models.
description: 9 pages
A Day Ahead Market Energy Auction for Distribution System Operation
Creators: name: Faqiry, M. Nazif
name: Zarabie, Ahmad Khaled
name: Nassery, Fatehullah
name: Wu, Hongyu
name: Das, Sanjoy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we study a day ahead double energy auction in a distribution system involving dispatchable generation units, renewable generation units supported by battery storage systems(BSSs), fixed loads, price responsive loads, and supply from the Whole Sale Market(WSM) at Locational Marginal Price(LMP). The auction is implemented within a Distribution System Operator (DSO) premises using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MIP). The proposed auction is cleared at the Distribution LMP (DLMP) and is observed to be weakly budget balanced if no penalty is applied for DSO's deviation from originally committed supply from the WSM. Furthermore, the dynamics of LMP and DLMP, and their effect on distribution market participants scheduled quantities as well as the WSM supply to the distribution system is investigated.
description: Electro Information Technology (EIT), 2017 IEEE International Conference on
A new relativistic viscous hydrodynamics code and its application to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Okamoto, Kazuhisa
name: Nonaka, Chiho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a new relativistic viscous hydrodynamics code optimized in the Milne coordinates. We split the conservation equations into an ideal part and a viscous part, using the Strang spitting method. In the code a Riemann solver based on the two-shock approximation is utilized for the ideal part and the Piecewise Exact Solution (PES) method is applied for the viscous part. We check the validity of our numerical calculations by comparing analytical solutions, the viscous Bjorken's flow and the Israel-Stewart theory in Gubser flow regime. Using the code, we discuss possible development of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in high-energy heavy-ion collisions.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
Existence of solutions to a general geometric elliptic variational problem
Creators: name: Fang, Yangqin
name: Kolasiński, Sławomir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49Q20, 28A75, 49Q15

description: We consider the problem of minimising an inhomogeneous anisotropic elliptic functional in a class of closed $m$ dimensional subsets of $\mathbf{R}^n$ which is stable under taking smooth deformations homotopic to the identity and under local Hausdorff limits. We prove that the minimiser exists inside the class and is an $(\mathscr{H}^m,m)$~rectifiable set in the sense of Federer. The class of competitors encodes a notion of spanning a boundary. We admit unrectifiable and non-compact competitors and boundaries, and we make no restrictions on the dimension $m$ and the co-dimension $n-m$ other than $1 \le m < n$. An important tool for the proof is a novel smooth deformation theorem. The skeleton of the proof and the main ideas follow Almgren's 1968 paper. In the end we show that classes of sets spanning some closed set $B$ in homological and cohomological sense satisfy our axioms.
description: This is a pre-print of an article accepted for publication in Calc. Var. PDE
Perturbation Theory for BAO reconstructed fields: one-loop results in real-space matter density field
Creators: name: Hikage, Chiaki
name: Koyama, Kazuya
name: Heavens, Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the power spectrum at one-loop order in standard perturbation theory for the matter density field to which a standard Lagrangian Baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) reconstruction technique is applied. The BAO reconstruction method corrects the bulk motion associated with the gravitational evolution using the inverse Zel'dovich approximation (ZA) for the smoothed density field. We find that the overall amplitude of one-loop contributions in the matter power spectrum substantially decrease after reconstruction. The reconstructed power spectrum thereby approaches the initial linear spectrum when the smoothed density field is close enough to linear, i.e., the smoothing scale $R_s$ larger than around 10$h^{-1}$Mpc. On smaller $R_s$,however, the deviation from the linear spectrum becomes significant on large scales ($k\lt R_s^{-1}$) due to the nonlinearity in the smoothed density field, and the reconstruction is inaccurate. Compared with N-body simulations, we show that the reconstructed power spectrum at one loop order agrees with simulations better than the unreconstructed power spectrum. We also calculate the tree-level bispectrum in standard perturbation theory to investigate non-Gaussianity in the reconstructed matter density field. We show that the amplitude of the bispectrum significantly decreases for small $k$ after reconstruction and that the tree-level bispectrum agrees well with N-body results in the weakly nonlinear regime.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publications in PRD
Quantum fidelity approach to the ground state properties of the 1D ANNNI model in a transverse field
Creators: name: Bonfim, O. F. de Alcantara
name: Boechat, B.
name: Florencio, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we analyze the ground-state properties of the $s=1/2$ one-dimensional ANNNI model in a transverse field using the quantum fidelity approach. We numerically determined the fidelity susceptibility as a function of the transverse field $B_x$ and the strength of the next-nearest-neighbor interaction $J_2$, for systems of up to 24 spins. We also examine the ground-state vector with respect to the spatial ordering of the spins. The ground-state phase diagram shows ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, floating, $\Braket{2,2}$ phases, and we predict an infinite number of modulated phases in the thermodynamic limit ($L \rightarrow \infty$). The transition lines separating the modulated phases seem to be of second-order, whereas the line between the floating and the $\Braket{2,2}$ phases is possibly of first-order.
description: 10 pages, 20 figures