cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Solvent Quality on Ring Polymer Dimensions
Creators: name: Rubinstein, Michael
name: Wischnewski, Andreas
name: Pyckhout-Hintzen, Wim
name: Roovers, Jacques
name: Lutz, Pierre J.
name: Gooßen, Sebastian
name: Richter, Dieter
name: Jeong, Youncheol
name: Chang, Taihyun
name: Brás, Ana R.
name: Vlassopoulos, Dimitris
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: We present a systematic investigation of well-characterized, experimentally pure polystyrene (PS) rings with molar mass of 161 000 g/mol in dilute solutions. We measure the ring form factor at θ - and good-solvent conditions as well as in a polymeric solvent (linear PS of roughly comparable molar mass) by means of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Additional dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements support the SANS data and help elucidate the role of solvent quality and solution preparation. The results indicate the increase of ring dimensions as the solvent quality improves. Furthermore, the experimental form factors in both θ -solvent and linear matrix behave as ideal rings and are fully superimposable. The nearly Gaussian conformations of rings in a melt of linear chains provide evidence of threading of linear chains through rings. The latter result has implications for the dynamics of ring-linear polymer mixtures.
(400394) Elizabeth Fenwick
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
PGNAA Spectral Classification of Metal with Density Estimations
Creators: name: Shayan, Helmand
name: Krycki, Kai
name: Doemeland, Marco
name: Lange-Hegermann, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2; G.3
subject: 82D35, 62P35

description: For environmental, sustainable economic and political reasons, recycling processes are becoming increasingly important, aiming at a much higher use of secondary raw materials. Currently, for the copper and aluminium industries, no method for the non-destructive online analysis of heterogeneous materials are available. The Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) has the potential to overcome this challenge. A difficulty when using PGNAA for online classification arises from the small amount of noisy data, due to short-term measurements. In this case, classical evaluation methods using detailed peak by peak analysis fail. Therefore, we propose to view spectral data as probability distributions. Then, we can classify material using maximum log-likelihood with respect to kernel density estimation and use discrete sampling to optimize hyperparameters. For measurements of pure aluminium alloys we achieve near perfect classification of aluminium alloys under 0.25 second.
description: 8 pages, 12 figures, 1 table, published in the IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (TNS)
Womens experiences of HIV testing and counselling in the labour ward: A case of Bwaila hospital
Creators: name: Hamela, G
name: Hoffman, I
name: Lee, C
name: Tembo, T
name: Rosenberg, NE
name: Hosseinipour, M
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: HIV counseling and testing during labour can be emotional, but is important because it allows mothers and babies to receive PMTCT prophylaxis if previous identification of HIV infection has not occurred. The study explores how HIV testing and counseling during early labour affects women.
(400395) Benjamin Fenwick
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Discovery of novel 5-fluoro-N 2 ,N 4 -diphenylpyrimidine-2,4-diamines as potent inhibitors against CDK2 and CDK9
Creators: name: Xiao, Zhiyan
name: Chen, Chin-Ho
name: Lee, Kuo-Hsiung
name: Gao, Jiadi
name: Wang, Li-Ting
name: Huang, Li
name: Fang, Cheng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Novel 5-fluoro-pyrimidine derivatives have been designed, synthesized and evaluated as potential CDK inhibitors as well as antitumor and anti-HIV agents.
Supplementary Table and Figure from The global geography of human subsistence
Creators: name: Gavin, Michael C.
name: Kavanagh, Patrick H.
name: Haynie, Hannah J.
name: Bowern, Claire
name: Ember, Carol R.
name: Gray, Russell D.
name: Jordan, Fiona M.
name: Kirby, Kathryn R.
name: Kushnick, Geoff
name: Low, Bobbi S.
name: Vilela, Bruno
name: Botero, Carlos A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 60302 Biogeography and Phylogeography
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Contains Supplmentary Tables 1-3 and Supplementary Figure 1
Effects of mixing and annealing on the optical and mechanical properties of TiO$_{2}$:Ta$_{2}$O$_{5}$ amorphous coatings
Creators: name: Amato, Alex
name: Magnozzi, Michele
name: Shcheblanov, Nikita
name: Lemaître, Anaël
name: Cagnoli, Gianpietro
name: Granata, Massimo
name: Michel, Christophe
name: Gemme, Gianluca
name: Pinard, Laurent
name: Canepa, Maurizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Amorphous mixed titania-tantala coatings are key components of Bragg reflectors in the gravitational wave detectors (GWDs). Attaining the lowest possible values of optical absorption and mechanical losses in the coatings is of paramount importance for GWDs, and this requires a complex optimization of the coating deposition and post-deposition annealing. We present here a systematic investigation of the optical properties and internal friction of amorphous mixed titania-tantala coatings grown by ion beam sputtering. We consider coatings with six different cation mixing ratios and we study them both in the as-deposited and annealed state. By exploiting spectroscopic ellipsometry data and modelling, along with ancillary techniques, we retrieved the dielectric function of the coatings in a wide spectral range. When varying the mixing ratio and performing the annealing we find monotonic trends for most of the aforementioned properties. Remakably, the post-annealing Urbach energy displays a definite minimum for a mixing ratio around 20%, very close to the composition of the coatings showing the lowest optical absorption for GWDs applications. We suggest that the observed minimum in the Urbach energy depends not only on the mixing ratio, but also on the annealing parameters. On the other hand, the minimum coating loss angle was found to be weakly dependent on the considered measurement frequency and to lie within a rather broad range of Ti content, suggesting that the search for an absolute minimum following post-deposition annealing should be rather sought in the study of the best annealing parameters for each specific cation ratio considered. This work constitutes a reference for the optical properties of the amorphous mixed titania-tantala coatings, and highlights the relevance of the Urbach energy in the optimization process of materials for high-performing Bragg reflectors.
description: Pre-submission draft
Leukocyte migration in experimental inflammatory bowel disease
Creators: name: Palmen, M. J. H. J.
name: Macher, B. A.
name: Dieleman, L. A.
name: Van Rees, E. P.
name: Van De Goot, F. R. W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: Emigration of leukocytes from the circulation into tissue by transendothelial migration, is mediated subsequently by adhesion molecules such as selectins, chemokines and integrins. This multistep paradigm, with multiple molecular choices at each step, provides a diversity in signals. The influx of neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes into inflamed tissue is important in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The importance of each of these groups of adhesion molecules in chronic inflammatory bowel disease, either in human disease or in animal models, will be discussed below. Furthermore, the possibilities of blocking these different steps in the process of leukocyte extravasation in an attempt to prevent further tissue damage, will be taken into account.
(400396) Robert Fenwick
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Proposal for a macroscopic test of local realism with phase-space measurements
Creators: name: Arora, Atul S.
name: Asadian, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new test of local realism based on correlation measurements of continuum valued functions of positions and momenta, known as modular variables. The Wigner representation of these observables are bounded in phase space, and therefore, the associated inequality holds for any state described by a non-negative Wigner function. This agrees with Bell's remark that positive Wigner functions, serving as a valid probability distribution over local (hidden) phase space coordinates, do not reveal non-locality. We construct a class of entangled states resulting in a violation of the inequality, and thus truly demonstrate non-locality in phase space. The states can be realized through grating techniques in space-like separated interferometric setups. The non-locality is verified from the spatial correlation data, collected from the screens.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures; Minor changes made in the title, references added, typographical errors fixed
Weakening of the spin density wave gap at low temperatures in SrFe$_2$As$_2$ single crystals
Creators: name: Dutta, Anirban
name: Kumar, Neeraj
name: Thamizhavel, A.
name: Gupta, Anjan K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on temperature dependent scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy studies of undoped SrFe$_{2}$As$_{2}$ single crystals from 6 K to 292 K. Resistivity data show spin density wave (SDW) transition at T$_{SDW}$ $\approx$ 205 K and the superconducting transition at $\sim$ 21 K while magnetic susceptibility does not show any superconductivity. Conductance maps and local tunneling spectra show an electronically homogeneous surface at all studied temperatures. Tunnel spectra correlate well with the SDW transition with a depression in the density of states near the Fermi energy below T$_{SDW}$. On further lowering the temperature, the width of this partial energy gap associated with the SDW decreases. Using the anti-correlation of superconducting phase with SDW, we interpret this gap weakening as a precursor to superconductivity. This may give rise to a facile nucleation of superconductivity near defects.
(400392) Robert Henry Howard Fenwick
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Shell Model Applications in Nuclear Astrophysics †
Creators: name: Martínez-Pinedo, Gabriel
name: Langanke, Karlheinz
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022

description: In recent years, shell model studies have significantly contributed in improving the nuclear input, required in simulations of the dynamics of astrophysical objects and their associated nucleosynthesis. This review highlights a few examples such as electron capture rates and neutrino-nucleus cross sections, important for the evolution and nucleosynthesis of supernovae. For simulations of rapid neutron-capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis, shell model studies have contributed to an improved understanding of half lives of neutron-rich nuclei with magic neutron numbers and of the nuclear level densities and γ-strength functions that are both relevant for neutron capture rates.
(400393) Horace Benjamin [jnr] Fenwick
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Fluid circulation driven by collectively organized metachronal waves in swimming T. aceiti nematodes
Creators: name: Quillen, A. C.
name: Peshkov, A.
name: Chakrabarti, Brato
name: Skerrett, Nathan
name: McGaffigan, Sonia
name: Zapiach, Rebeca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments have shown that the nematode {\it T. aceti} can assemble into collectively undulating groups at the edge of fluid drops. This coordinated state consists of metachronal waves and drives fluid circulation inside the drop. We find that the circulation velocity is about 2 mm/s and nearly half the speed of the metachronal wave. We develop a quasi two-dimensional hydrodynamics model using the Stokes flow approximation. The periodic motion of the nematodes constitute our moving boundary condition that drives the flow. Our model suggests that large amplitude excursions of the nematodes tails produce the fluid circulation. We discuss the constraints on containers that would enhance fluid motion, which could be used in the future design of on demand flow generating systems.
title:  Brevi note sulle interazioni tra la artificial intelligence e la classe forense
Creators: name: Carmellino, Giovanni
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2016

description:

Lo scritto, naturalmente senza pretesa alcuna di completezza e con taglio sintetico, indaga l'influenza della tecnologia sulle professioni forensi e sulle discipline giuridiche civilistiche sostanziali e processuali, con particolare riferimento, da una parte, alla diffusione esponenziale della cultura legale in rete, e, dall'altra, ai timori causati dalla deriva autoreferenziale e non autorevole del dato giuridico.

description: Scritti dedicati a Maurizio Converso
(400389) George Roe Fenwick
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Oxidative Stress and Microglial Cells in Parkinson's Disease
Creators: name: Flood, Patrick M.
name: Peterson, Lynda J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Significant evidence has now been accumulated that microglial cells play a central role in the degeneration of DA neurons in animal models of PD. The oxidative stress response by microglial cells, most notably the activity of the enzyme NADPH oxidase, appears to play a central role in the pathology of PD. This oxidative stress response occurs in microglia through the activation of the ERK signaling pathway by proinflammatory stimuli, leading to the phosphorylation and translocation of the p47phox and p67phox cytosolic subunits, the activation of membrane-bound PHOX, and the production of ROS. Therapeutic anti-inflammatories which prevent DA neurodegeneration in PD, including anti-inflammatory cytokines, morphinan compounds, NADPH oxidase inhibitors, NF-κB inhibitors, and β2-AR agonists, all function to inhibit the activation of the PHOX in microglial cells. These observations suggest a central role for the oxidative stress response in microglial cells as a mediator or regulator of DA neurodegeneration in PD.
Trend of Narratives in the Age of Misinformation
Creators: name: Bessi, Alessandro
name: Zollo, Fabiana
name: Del Vicario, Michela
name: Scala, Antonio
name: Caldarelli, Guido
name: Quattrociocchi, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Social media enabled a direct path from producer to consumer of contents changing the way users get informed, debate, and shape their worldviews. Such a {\em disintermediation} weakened consensus on social relevant issues in favor of rumors, mistrust, and fomented conspiracy thinking -- e.g., chem-trails inducing global warming, the link between vaccines and autism, or the New World Order conspiracy. In this work, we study through a thorough quantitative analysis how different conspiracy topics are consumed in the Italian Facebook. By means of a semi-automatic topic extraction strategy, we show that the most discussed contents semantically refer to four specific categories: {\em environment}, {\em diet}, {\em health}, and {\em geopolitics}. We find similar patterns by comparing users activity (likes and comments) on posts belonging to different semantic categories. However, if we focus on the lifetime -- i.e., the distance in time between the first and the last comment for each user -- we notice a remarkable difference within narratives -- e.g., users polarized on geopolitics are more persistent in commenting, whereas the less persistent are those focused on diet related topics. Finally, we model users mobility across various topics finding that the more a user is active, the more he is likely to join all topics. Once inside a conspiracy narrative users tend to embrace the overall corpus.
How Do Resource Dependencies Affect Treatment Practices?: The Case of Outpatient Substance Abuse Treatment Programs
Creators: name: Wells, Rebecca
name: Alexander, Jeffrey A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: This study uses resource dependence theory to examine how the concentration of client referrals into outpatient substance abuse treatment may affect treatment comprehensiveness. Data were from the 1995, 1999/2000, and 2005 waves of a national longitudinal survey. Results from generalized estimating equation models (sample sizes from 1,350 to 1,375) indicate that more concentrated referral sources were negatively associated with three of the four indicators of treatment comprehensiveness: the percentages of clients receiving routine medical care, mental health care, and financial counseling. Substance abuse treatment programs may be focusing their treatment practices to meet the demands of key referral sources. Given the importance of comprehensive treatment for substance abusing clients, however, these findings raise concerns about the potential implications of continued industry consolidation. The authors suggest strategies for organizations as well as policy makers to mitigate possible negative effects of very high reliance on one or two referral sources.
Protocol for volume correlative light X-ray and electron microscopy of endothelial cells in mouse tissue.
Creators: name: Reglero-Real, Natalia
name: Pérez-Gutiérrez, Lorena
name: Saleeb, Rebeca S
name: Nourshargh, Sussan
name: Collinson, Lucy
name: Yoshimura, Azumi
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: Imaging
subject: Imaging

description: Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) greatly facilitate capturing the ultrastructure of spatially and/or temporally rare events. Here, we present a protocol for targeting regions of interests (ROIs) in tissue endothelial cells (ECs) using X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT). We describe steps for ROI targeting guided by vasculature patterns and positions of EC nuclei visualized by light and X-ray microscopy. The protocol is applicable to thin or translucent tissues that contain defined landmarks visible in both light and X-ray microscopy. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Reglero-Real et al.1.
Composite Higgses with seesaw EWSB
Creators: name: Sanz, Veronica
name: Setford, Jack
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new class of Composite Higgs models in which electroweak symmetry is broken by a seesaw-like mechanism. If a global symmetry is broken sequentially at different scales, two sets of pseudo-Goldstone bosons will arise, one set being typically heavier than the other. If two Composite Higgs doublets mix, then the mass-squared of the lighter state can be driven negative, and induce EWSB. We illustrate with the example $SO(6) \rightarrow SO(5) \rightarrow SO(4)$, and derive an estimate of the light Higgs potential. We find that the introduction of an extra scale can ease many of the tensions present in conventional Composite Higgs models, especially those related to fine-tuning. In particular we find that we can significantly raise the upper bound on the mass of the elusive top partners.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures. v2: JHEP version, mistake corrected, discussion on tuning and top-partners extended
CEO Compensation and Hospital Financial Performance
Creators: name: Pink, George H.
name: Brown, Adalsteinn D.
name: Sandoval, Guillermo A.
name: Reiter, Kristin L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Growing interest in pay-for-performance and the level of CEO pay raises questions about the link between performance and compensation in the health sector. This study compares the compensation of non-profit hospital Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) in Ontario, Canada to the three longest reported and most used measures of hospital financial performance. Our sample consisted of 132 CEOs from 92 hospitals between 1999 and 2006. Unbalanced panel data were analyzed using fixed effects regression. Results suggest that CEO compensation was largely unrelated to hospital financial performance. Inflation-adjusted salaries appeared to increase over time independent of hospital performance, and hospital size was positively correlated with CEO compensation. The apparent upward trend in salary despite some declines in financial performance challenges the fundamental assumption underlying this paper, that is, financial performance is likely linked to CEO compensation in Ontario. Further research is needed to understand long-term performance related to compensation incentives.
(400390) Mary Selina Fenwick
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A largely self-contained and complete security proof for quantum key distribution
Creators: name: Tomamichel, Marco
name: Leverrier, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we present a security analysis for quantum key distribution, establishing a rigorous tradeoff between various protocol and security parameters for a class of entanglement-based and prepare-and-measure protocols. The goal of this paper is twofold: 1) to review and clarify the state-of-the-art security analysis based on entropic uncertainty relations, and 2) to provide an accessible resource for researchers interested in a security analysis of quantum cryptographic protocols that takes into account finite resource effects. For this purpose we collect and clarify several arguments spread in the literature on the subject with the goal of making this treatment largely self-contained. More precisely, we focus on a class of prepare-and-measure protocols based on the Bennett-Brassard (BB84) protocol as well as a class of entanglement-based protocols similar to the Bennett-Brassard-Mermin (BBM92) protocol. We carefully formalize the different steps in these protocols, including randomization, measurement, parameter estimation, error correction and privacy amplification, allowing us to be mathematically precise throughout the security analysis. We start from an operational definition of what it means for a quantum key distribution protocol to be secure and derive simple conditions that serve as sufficient condition for secrecy and correctness. We then derive and eventually discuss tradeoff relations between the block length of the classical computation, the noise tolerance, the secret key length and the security parameters for our protocols. Our results significantly improve upon previously reported tradeoffs.
description: v2: completely revised, improved presentation and finite-key bounds; v3: accepted at Quantum
Trends in Asset Structure Between Not-for-Profit and Investor-Owned Hospitals
Creators: name: Reiter, Kristin L.
name: Song, Paula H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The delivery of health care is a capital intensive industry and thus hospital investment strategy continues to be an important area of interest for both health policy and research. Much attention has been given to hospitals’ capital investment policies with relatively little attention to investments in financial assets, which serve an important role in NFP hospitals. This study describes and analyzes trends in aggregate asset structure between NFP and IO hospitals during the post-capital based PPS implementation period, providing the first documentation of long-term trends in hospital investment. We find hospitals’ aggregate asset structure differs significantly based on ownership, size, and profitability. For both NFP and IO hospitals, financial securities have remained consistent over time, while fixed asset representation has declined in IO hospitals.
Supplementary Information from Optimal soil carbon sampling designs to achieve cost-effectiveness: a case study in blue carbon ecosystems.
Creators: name: Young, Mary A.
name: Macreadie, Peter I.
name: Duncan, Clare
name: Carnell, Paul E.
name: Nicholson, Emily
name: Serrano, Oscar
name: Duarte, Carlos M.
name: Shiell, Glenn
name: Baldock, Jeff
name: Ierodiaconou, Daniel
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: Environmental Science

description: Provides detailed methods and results for data collection and analyses.
Using angular two-point correlations to self-calibrate the photometric redshift distributions of DECaLS DR9
Creators: name: Xu, Haojie
name: Zhang, Pengjie
name: Peng, Hui
name: Yu, Yu
name: Zhang, Le
name: Yao, Ji
name: Qin, Jian
name: Sun, Zeyang
name: He, Min
name: Yang, Xiaohu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Calibrating the redshift distributions of photometric galaxy samples is essential in weak lensing studies. The self-calibration method combines angular auto- and cross-correlations between galaxies in multiple photometric redshift (photo-$z$) bins to reconstruct the scattering rates matrix between redshift bins. In this paper, we test a recently proposed self-calibration algorithm using the DECaLS Data Release 9 and investigate to what extent the scattering rates are determined. We first mitigate the spurious angular correlations due to imaging systematics by a machine learning based method. We then improve the algorithm for $χ^2$ minimization and error estimation. Finally, we solve for the scattering matrices, carry out a series of consistency tests and find reasonable agreements: (1) finer photo-$z$ bins return a high-resolution scattering matrix, and it is broadly consistent with the low-resolution matrix from wider bins; (2) the scattering matrix from the Northern Galactic Cap is almost identical to that from Southern Galactic Cap; (3) the scattering matrices are in reasonable agreement with those constructed from the power spectrum and the weighted spectroscopic subsample. We also evaluate the impact of cosmic magnification. Although it changes little the diagonal elements of the scattering matrix, it affects the off-diagonals significantly. The scattering matrix also shows some dependence on scale cut of input correlations, which may be related to a known numerical degeneracy between certain scattering pairs. This work demonstrates the feasibility of the self-calibration method in real data and provides a practical alternative to calibrate the redshift distributions of photometric samples.
description: Matched with publish version
IAU Inter-commission B5-B2 Working Group meeting Agenda - IAU GA 2022 Busan
Creators: name: Dubernet, Marie Lise
name: Berriman, Graham Bruce
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: FAIR Data
Atoms
Molecules

description: Final agenda (with the DOI of the presentations) for the IAU Inter-commission B5-B2 Working Group meeting held on the 8th August 2022 at IAU GA 2022, Busan (Korea)
(400391) Hannah Bertha [Hermond Hubertha] Fenwick
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Singular value demodulation of phase-shifted holograms
Creators: name: Lopes, Fernando
name: Atlan, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on phase-shifted holographic interferogram demodulation by singular value decomposition. Numerical processing of optically-acquired interferograms over several modulation periods was performed in two steps : 1- rendering of off-axis complex-valued holograms by Fresnel transformation of the interferograms; 2- eigenvalue spectrum assessment of the lag-covariance matrix of hologram pixels. Experimental results in low-light recording conditions were compared with demodulation by Fourier analysis, in the presence of random phase drifts.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Testing of quantum nonlocal correlations under constrained free will and imperfect detectors
Creators: name: Sadhu, Abhishek
name: Das, Siddhartha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we deal with the relaxation of two central assumptions in standard locally realistic hidden variable (LRHV) inequalities: free will in choosing measurement settings, and the presence of perfect detectors at the measurement devices. Quantum correlations violating LRHV inequalities are called quantum nonlocal correlations. In principle, in an adversarial situation, there could be a hidden variable introducing bias in the selection of measurement settings, but observers with no access to that hidden variable could be unaware of the bias. In practice, however, detectors do not have perfect efficiency. A main focus of this paper is the introduction of the framework in which given a quantum state with nonlocal behavior under constrained free will, we can determine the threshold values of detector parameters (detector inefficiency and dark counts) such that the detectors are robust enough to certify nonlocality. We also introduce a class of LRHV inequalities with constrained free will, and we discuss their implications in the testing of quantum nonlocal correlations.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures; updated with changes made for publication in Physical Review A
On the phase form of a deformation quantization with separation of variables
Creators: name: Karabegov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D55

description: Given a star product with separation of variables on a pseudo-Kaehler manifold, we obtain a new formal (1,1)-form from its classifying form and call it the phase form of the star product. The cohomology class of a star product with separation of variables equals the class of its phase form. We show that the phase forms can be arbitrary and they bijectively parametrize the star products with separation of variables. We also describe the action of a change of the formal parameter on a star product with separation of variables, its formal Berezin transform, classifying form, phase form, and canonical trace density.
description: 14 pages, the manuscript was expanded
Adversarial Inter-Group Link Injection Degrades the Fairness of Graph Neural Networks
Creators: name: Hussain, Hussain
name: Cao, Meng
name: Sikdar, Sandipan
name: Helic, Denis
name: Lex, Elisabeth
name: Strohmaier, Markus
name: Kern, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present evidence for the existence and effectiveness of adversarial attacks on graph neural networks (GNNs) that aim to degrade fairness. These attacks can disadvantage a particular subgroup of nodes in GNN-based node classification, where nodes of the underlying network have sensitive attributes, such as race or gender. We conduct qualitative and experimental analyses explaining how adversarial link injection impairs the fairness of GNN predictions. For example, an attacker can compromise the fairness of GNN-based node classification by injecting adversarial links between nodes belonging to opposite subgroups and opposite class labels. Our experiments on empirical datasets demonstrate that adversarial fairness attacks can significantly degrade the fairness of GNN predictions (attacks are effective) with a low perturbation rate (attacks are efficient) and without a significant drop in accuracy (attacks are deceptive). This work demonstrates the vulnerability of GNN models to adversarial fairness attacks. We hope our findings raise awareness about this issue in our community and lay a foundation for the future development of GNN models that are more robust to such attacks.
description: A shorter version of this work has been accepted by IEEE ICDM 2022
Supplementary Information from Optimal soil carbon sampling designs to achieve cost-effectiveness: a case study in blue carbon ecosystems
Creators: name: Young, Mary A.
name: Macreadie, Peter I.
name: Duncan, Clare
name: Carnell, Paul E.
name: Nicholson, Emily
name: Serrano, Oscar
name: Duarte, Carlos M.
name: Shiell, Glenn
name: Baldock, Jeff
name: Ierodiaconou, Daniel
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: Environmental Science

description: Provides detailed methods and results for data collection and analyses.
title: Interacting with functional languages
Creators: name: Sinclair, Duncan Cameron
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Computer science, functional programming languages, human computer interaction.

description: Functional languages are mathematically pure, and easier to reason about than their imperative rivals. Because of this, they are an attractive paradigm of programming. They allow programmers to express complex algorithms in a declarative manner, resulting in powerful programs that are also well written. Good interaction with users is important for programs which are to be used for real applications. This normally involves creating a user interface using devices such as menus, buttons and scrollbars. It is now increasingly common for the interface of programs to be developed using specialised tools allowing a faster development cycle, with less programming involved. In the past, pure functional languages have been poor at creating graphical user interfaces resulting in good applications with poor interfaces. This is due to the mixing of the user's world which involves complex multi-level interactions, with the functional world which has a single threaded state. This is not a very good abstraction of the world to interact with. When the traits of the user's world are introduced into the functional world it is found that the purity of the functional world is compromised, and the clean declarative style of functional programming is lost. If the user interaction is separated from the functional program, allowing users to communicate with functional programs using external interface programs, it is possible to preserve the natural simplicity of the functional world. This would also allow programmers to take advantage of user interface development tools. I look at current solutions for performing input and output from functional languages, with particular reference to the Monadic I/O style which is currently gaining popularity. I then present a scheme where I have deliberately separated interaction from functionality, allowing functional programmers to build programs that interact with the "Real World", with less interference of the real world into the pure environment within the functional program.
Tackling the Unique Challenges of Low-frequency Solar Polarimetry with the Square Kilometre Array Low Precursor: Pipeline Implementation
Creators: name: Kansabanik, Devojyoti
name: Bera, Apurba
name: Oberoi, Divya
name: Mondal, Surajit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics and the structure of the solar corona are determined by its magnetic field. Measuring coronal magnetic fields is, however, extremely hard. The polarization of low-frequency radio emissions has long been recognized as one of the few effective observational probes of magnetic fields in the mid and high corona. However, the extreme intrinsic variability of this emission, the limited ability of most of the available existing instrumentation (until recently) to capture it, and the technical challenges involved have all contributed to its use being severely limited. The high dynamic-range spectropolarimetric snapshot imaging capability that is needed for radio coronal magnetography is now within reach. This has been enabled by the confluence of data from the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), a Square Kilometre Array (SKA) precursor, and our unsupervised and robust polarization calibration and imaging software pipeline dedicated to the Sun-Polarimetry using the Automated Imaging Routine for Compact Arrays of the Radio Sun (P-AIRCARS). Here, we present the architecture and implementation details of P-AIRCARS. Although the present implementation of P-AIRCARS is tuned to the MWA, the algorithm itself can easily be adapted for future arrays, such as SKA1-Low. We hope and expect that P-AIRCARS will enable exciting new science with instruments like the MWA, and that it will encourage the wider use of radio imaging in the larger solar physics community.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures, 1 table. Published at the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
The Effect of Minimum Nurse Staffing Legislation on Uncompensated Care Provided by California Hospitals
Creators: name: Spetz, Joanne
name: Mark, Barbara
name: Pink, George H.
name: Reiter, Kristin L.
name: Harless, David W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: This study assesses whether California’s minimum nurse staffing legislation affected the amount of uncompensated care provided by California hospitals. Using data from California’s Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development, the American Hospital Association Annual Survey and InterStudy, we divide hospitals into quartiles based on pre-regulation staffing levels. Controlling for other factors, we estimate changes in the growth rate of uncompensated care in the three lowest staffing quartiles relative to the quartile of hospitals with the highest staffing level. Our sample includes short-term general hospitals over the period 1999 to 2006. We find that growth rates in uncompensated care are lower in the first three staffing quartiles as compared to the highest quartile; however, results are statistically significant only for county and for-profit hospitals in quartiles one and three. We conclude that minimum nurse staffing ratios may lead some hospitals to limit uncompensated care, likely due to increased financial pressure.
Intrinsic Fluctuations of the Proton Saturation Momentum Scale in High Multiplicity p+p Collisions
Creators: name: McLerran, Larry
name: Tribedy, Prithwish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High multiplicity events in p+p collisions are studied using the theory of the Color Glass Condensate. We show that intrinsic fluctuations of the proton saturation momentum scale are needed in addition to the sub-nucleonic color charge fluctuations to explain the very high multiplicity tail of distributions in p+p collisions. The origin of such intrinsic fluctuations are presumably non-perturbative in nature. Classical Yang Mills simulations using the IP-Glasma model are performed to make quantitative estimations. We find that fluctuations as large as $\cal O$(1) of the average values of the saturation momentum scale can lead to rare high multiplicity events seen in p+p data at RHIC and LHC energies. Using the available data on multiplicity distributions we try to constrain the distribution of the proton saturation momentum scale and make predictions for the multiplicity distribution in 13 TeV p+p collisions.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, new references and comments added, version published in Nucl Phys A
title: Dose Limits and Countermeasures for Mitigating Radiation Risk in Moon and Mars Exploration
Creators: name: Boscolo, Daria
name: Durante, Marco
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022

description: After decades of research on low-Earth orbit, national space agencies and private entrepreneurs are investing in exploration of the Solar system. The main health risk for human space exploration is late toxicity caused by exposure to cosmic rays. On Earth, the exposure of radiation workers is regulated by dose limits and mitigated by shielding and reducing exposure times. For space travel, different international space agencies adopt different limits, recently modified as reviewed in this paper. Shielding and reduced transit time are currently the only practical solutions to maintain acceptable risks in deep space missions.