cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Comparison of space weathering spectral changes induced by solar wind and micrometeoroid impacts using ion- and femtosecond-laser-irradiated olivine and pyroxene
Creators: name: Chrbolková, K.
name: Brunetto, R.
name: Ďurech, J.
name: Kohout, T.
name: Mizohata, K.
name: Malý, P.
name: Dědič, V.
name: Lantz, C.
name: Penttilä, A.
name: Trojánek, F.
name: Maturilli, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Space weathering is a process that changes the surface of airless planetary bodies. Prime space weathering agents are solar wind irradiation and micrometeoroid bombardment. These processes alter planetary reflectance spectra and often modify their compositional diagnostic features. In this work we focused on simulating and comparing the spectral changes caused by solar wind irradiation and by micrometeoroid bombardment to gain a better understanding of these individual space weathering processes. We used olivine and pyroxene pellets as proxies for planetary materials. To simulate solar wind irradiation we used hydrogen, helium, and argon ions with energies from 5 to 40 keV and fluences of up to $10^{18}$ particles/cm$^2$. To simulate micrometeoroid bombardment we used individual femtosecond laser pulses. We analysed the corresponding evolution of different spectral parameters, which we determined by applying the Modified Gaussian Model, and we also conducted principal component analysis. The original mineralogy of the surface influences the spectral evolution more than the weathering agent, as seen from the diverse evolution of the spectral slope of olivine and pyroxene upon irradiation. The spectral slope changes seen in olivine are consistent with observations of A-type asteroids, while the moderate to no slope changes observed in pyroxene are consistent with asteroid (4) Vesta. We also observed some differences in the spectral effects induced by the two weathering agents. Ions simulating solar wind have a smaller influence on longer wavelengths of the spectra than laser irradiation simulating micrometeoroid impacts. This is most likely due to the different penetration depths of ions and laser pulses. Our results suggest that in some instances it might be possible to distinguish between the contributions of the two agents on a weathered surface.
description: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Burnout and work engagement among teachers: an application of the job demands-resources model
Creators: name: Simbula, Silvia <1980>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2009
Subjects: M-PSI/06 Psicologia del lavoro e delle organizzazioni

description: The present dissertation focuses on burnout and work engagement among teachers, with especial focus on the Job-Demands Resources Model:
Chapter 1 focuses on teacher burnout. It aims to investigate the role of efficacy beliefs using negatively worded inefficacy items instead of positive ones and to establish whether depersonalization and cynism can be considered two different dimensions of the teacher burnout
syndrome.
Chapter 2 investigates the factorial validity of the instruments used to measure work engagement (i.e. Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, UWES-17 and UWES-9). Moreover, because the current study is partly longitudinal in nature, also the stability across time of engagement can be
investigated. Finally, based on cluster-analyses, two groups that differ in levels of engagement are compared as far as their job- and personal resources (i.e. possibilities for personal development, work-life balance, and self-efficacy), positive organizational attitudes and behaviours (i.e., job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviour) and perceived health are concerned.
Chapter 3 tests the JD-R model in a longitudinal way, by integrating also the role of personal resources (i.e. self-efficacy). This chapter seeks answers to questions on what are the most important job demands, job and personal resources contributing to discriminate burned-out teachers
from non-burned-out teachers, as well as engaged teachers from non-engaged teachers.
Chapter 4 uses a diary study to extend knowledge about the dynamic nature of the JD-R model by considering between- and within-person variations with regard to both motivational and health impairment processes.
Europa e Catasto
Europe and Cadastre
Creators: name: Muniz Perez, Julio Cesar <1983>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: IUS/12 Diritto tributario

description: We study first the different cadastral systems in the
EU countries and their perspective in the European Law context, especially in
their tax law aspect and about the different building tax system.
We talk about the most important aspect, taxation, and the European Unionʼs
influence, particularly the European Court. But not only speak about the
influence in the Member stateʼs building tax, also find another influences ways,
with some European policies.
All these aspects and another show a tendency to the cadastral
integration, not direct, but existent in the indirect way. 
About other aspects, the study holds the dual nature of the cadastre,
social (like social science), and their tax aspect, and technic nature. The Inspire
information net can generate a new way to the tax information exchange
between European countries.
The investigation end with a comparison of the different cadastral
systems in EU countries, and about the edification tax law too.
This report holds the tax nature of the cadastre, the need to be
considered like social-technic complex. Diverse international organization
consider that is a multipurpose instrument and institution, but seem to forget
their original purpose, their tax purpose, that was the central aspect in their
origin and that don can`t be forget in the new world that raises after the world
financial crisis.
Cooperation and competition in the air
transport market: current scenario, possible
evolutions and analytical tools
Cooperazione e competizione nel mercato aereo: scenario corrente, possibili evoluzioni e strumenti analitici
Creators: name: Paganelli, Filippo
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: ICAR/05 Trasporti

description: dall'avvento della liberalizzazione, aeroporti e vettori hanno vissuto cambiamenti. Il maggior miglioramneto nella gestione degli aeroporti è una gestione più commerciale ed efficiente. Le forme di regolazione economica e le caratteristiche della gestione manageriale sono state indagate. Dodici paesi sono stati scelti per indagare la situazione del trasporto aereo mondiale, fra questi sia paesi con un sistema maturo sia paesi emergenti. La distribuzione del traffico è stata analizzata con l'indice HHI per evidenziare aeroporti con concentrazione maggiore di 0,25 (in accordo con la normativa statunitense); il sistema aeroportuale è stato analizzato con l'indice di Gini e con l'indice di dominanza. Infine, la teoria dei giochi si è dimostrata un valido supporto per studiare il mercato del trasporto aereo anche con l'uso di giochi di tipo DP
description: Since the advent of the liberalization process, both the airport and the airline have witnessed substantial changes. The greatest improvement in airport management has been the adoption of more commercial-oriented and efficient policies. Traditional forms of regulations as well as the characteristics of the commercial management have been investigated. A sample of twelve countries has been chosen in order to investigate the situation of air transport market worldwide, among those there are countries with a mature airport system as well as emerging countries. The traffic distribution at airports has been analysed with the HHI to highlight airports with a concentration higher than 0,25 (according to US normative); the airport system has been analysed through the use of both the Gini concentration index and the Dominance
Index. Finally, the games theory has proven to be a valid support to the study of air
traffic market, even by the use of simple Prisoner’s dilemma-like games.
Topics in financial econometrics
Creators: name: Ferriani, Fabrizio <1983>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: SECS-P/05 Econometria

description: In the first chapter, we consider the joint estimation of objective and risk-neutral parameters for SV option pricing models. We propose a strategy which exploits the information contained in large heterogeneous panels of options, and we apply it to S&P 500 index and index call options data. Our approach breaks the stochastic singularity between contemporaneous option prices by assuming that every observation is affected by measurement error. We evaluate the likelihood function by using a MC-IS strategy combined with a Particle Filter algorithm.

The second chapter examines the impact of different categories of traders on market transactions. We estimate a model which takes into account traders’ identities at the transaction level, and we find that the stock prices follow the direction of institutional trading. These results are carried out with data from an anonymous market. To explain our estimates, we examine the informativeness of a wide set of market variables and we find that most of them are unambiguously significant to infer the identity of traders.

The third chapter investigates the relationship between the categories of market traders and three definitions of financial durations. We consider trade, price and volume durations, and we adopt a Log-ACD model where we include information on traders at the transaction level. As to trade durations, we observe an increase of the trading frequency when informed traders and the liquidity provider intensify their presence in the market. For price and volume durations, we find the same effect to depend on the state of the market activity. 

The fourth chapter proposes a strategy to express order aggressiveness in quantitative terms. We consider a simultaneous equation model to examine price and volume aggressiveness at Euronext Paris, and we analyse the impact of a wide set of order book variables on the price-quantity decision.
Per una storia della cerealicoltura in Italia
settentrionale dal Neolitico all’Età del Ferro:
strategie adattive e condizionamenti ambientali.
The history of the cereals cultivation in north Italy from neolithic to Bronze Age: adaptive strategies and environmental conditioning.
Creators: name: Carra, Marialetizia <1974>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: L-ANT/01 Preistoria e protostoria

description: Il presente elaborato si occupa della storia della cerealicoltura in un percorso diacronico dal
Neolitico all’Età del Ferro. Sono presentate le analisi carpologiche di 14 siti archeologici dell’Italia
settentrionale, esaminati secondo le più moderne tecniche di indagine archeobotanica.
description: The present study deals with the history of agriculture in a diachronic course from the Neolithic to
the Iron Age. 14 studies of archaeological sites in northern Italy are presented, examined according
to the most modern techniques of archaeobotanical investigation.
Constrained Graphic Layout Generation via Latent Optimization
Creators: name: Kikuchi, Kotaro
name: Simo-Serra, Edgar
name: Otani, Mayu
name: Yamaguchi, Kota
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is common in graphic design humans visually arrange various elements according to their design intent and semantics. For example, a title text almost always appears on top of other elements in a document. In this work, we generate graphic layouts that can flexibly incorporate such design semantics, either specified implicitly or explicitly by a user. We optimize using the latent space of an off-the-shelf layout generation model, allowing our approach to be complementary to and used with existing layout generation models. Our approach builds on a generative layout model based on a Transformer architecture, and formulates the layout generation as a constrained optimization problem where design constraints are used for element alignment, overlap avoidance, or any other user-specified relationship. We show in the experiments that our approach is capable of generating realistic layouts in both constrained and unconstrained generation tasks with a single model. The code is available at https://github.com/ktrk115/const_layout .
description: Accepted by ACM Multimedia 2021
Foveosculum mediorufum
Creators: name: Madl, Michael
name: S, Osprynchotus
name: H, Afrobystra
name: H, Afromelanichneumon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Foveosculum
Foveosculum mediorufum

description: Foveosculum mediorufum (MORLEY, 1919)
 Platylabus mediorufus sp.n.: MORLEY 1919: 118 (catalogue species mentioned in paper), 169 (description ♀ ♁, Erythria = Eritrea without exact locality).
 Foveosculum mediorufum (MORLEY, 1919): HEINRICH 1967c: 557 (key ♀), 559 (key ♁, 567 (taxonomy, description ♀ ♁, record from Eritrea (MORLEY 1919) not mentioned).
 Foveosculum mediorufum (MORLEY, 1919): TOWNES & TOWNES 1973: 272 (Eritrea without exact locality, catalogue Afrotropical region: Ethiopia = Eritrea).
 Foveosculum mediorufum (MORLEY, 1919): YU & HORSTMANN 1997a: 582 (world catalogue).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: no exact locality (MORLEY 1919).
 Foveosculum mediorufum is also recorded from Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda.
description: Published as part of Madl, Michael, S, Osprynchotus, H, Afrobystra & H, Afromelanichneumon, 2023, A catalogue of the family Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea) of Eritrea, pp. 527-536 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 54 (2) on page 532, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10414404
One-sided arc averaging geometries in time-distance local helioseismology
Creators: name: Korda, David
name: Švanda, Michal
name: Roudier, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of solar oscillations (helioseismology) has been a very successful method of researching the Sun. Helioseismology teaches us about the structure and mean properties of the Sun. Together with mid-resolution data, the local properties were uncovered in quiet-Sun regions. However, magnetic fields affect the oscillations and prevent us from studying the properties of magnetically active regions with helioseismology. We aim to create a new methodology to suppress the negative effects of magnetic fields on solar oscillations and measure plasma properties close to active regions. The methodology consists of new averaging geometries, a non-linear approach to travel-time measurements, and a consistent inversion method that combines plasma flows and sound-speed perturbations. We constructed the one-sided arc averaging geometries and applied them to the non-linear approach of travel-time measurements. Using the one-sided arc travel times, we reconstructed the annulus travel times in a quiet-Sun region. We tested the methodology against the validated helioseismic inversion pipeline. We applied the new methodology for an inversion for surface horizontal flows in a region with a circular H-type sunspot. The inverted surface horizontal flows are comparable with the output of the coherent structure tracking, which is not strongly affected by the presence of the magnetic field. We show that the new methodology suppresses the negative effects of magnetic fields up to outer penumbra. We measure divergent flows with properties comparable to the moat flow. The new methodology can teach us about the depth structure of active regions and physical conditions that contribute to the evolution of the active regions.
description: 10+4 pages, 12+6 figures
Néron-Severi groups under specialization
Creators: name: Maulik, Davesh
name: Poonen, Bjorn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14C25 (Primary) 14D07, 14F25, 14F30 (Secondary)

description: André used Hodge-theoretic methods to show that in a smooth proper family X to B of varieties over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic 0, there exists a closed fiber having the same Picard number as the geometric generic fiber, even if k is countable. We give a completely different approach to André's theorem, which also proves the following refinement: in a family of varieties with good reduction at p, the locus on the base where the Picard number jumps is nowhere p-adically dense. Our proof uses the ``p-adic Lefschetz (1,1) theorem'' of Berthelot and Ogus, combined with an analysis of p-adic power series. We prove analogous statements for cycles of higher codimension, assuming a p-adic analogue of the variational Hodge conjecture, and prove that this analogue implies the usual variational Hodge conjecture. Applications are given to abelian schemes and to proper families of projective varieties.
description: 27 pages. Major revision, taking Andr\'e's work into account
MOON: Multi-Hash Codes Joint Learning for Cross-Media Retrieval
Creators: name: Zhang, Donglin
name: Wu, Xiao-Jun
name: Yin, He-Feng
name: Kittler, Josef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, cross-media hashing technique has attracted increasing attention for its high computation efficiency and low storage cost. However, the existing approaches still have some limitations, which need to be explored. 1) A fixed hash length (e.g., 16bits or 32bits) is predefined before learning the binary codes. Therefore, these models need to be retrained when the hash length changes, that consumes additional computation power, reducing the scalability in practical applications. 2) Existing cross-modal approaches only explore the information in the original multimedia data to perform the hash learning, without exploiting the semantic information contained in the learned hash codes. To this end, we develop a novel Multiple hash cOdes jOint learNing method (MOON) for cross-media retrieval. Specifically, the developed MOON synchronously learns the hash codes with multiple lengths in a unified framework. Besides, to enhance the underlying discrimination, we combine the clues from the multimodal data, semantic labels and learned hash codes for hash learning. As far as we know, the proposed MOON is the first work to simultaneously learn different length hash codes without retraining in cross-media retrieval. Experiments on several databases show that our MOON can achieve promising performance, outperforming some recent competitive shallow and deep methods.
The future in action: neurophysiological and behavioral evidence of anticipatory motor simulation.
Creators: name: Annella, Laura <1983>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: M-PSI/02 Psicobiologia e psicologia fisiologica

description: The motor system can no longer be considered as a mere passive executive system of motor commands generated elsewhere in the brain. On the contrary, it is deeply involved in perceptual and cognitive functions and acts as an “anticipation device”. The present thesis investigates the anticipatory motor mechanisms occurring in two particular instances: i) when processing sensory events occurring within the peripersonal space (PPS); and ii) when perceiving and predicting others’actions. The first study provides evidence that PPS representation in humans modulates neural activity within the motor system, while the second demonstrates that the motor mapping of sensory events occurring within the PPS critically relies on the activity of the premotor cortex. The third study provides direct evidence that the anticipatory motor simulation of others’ actions critically relies on the activity of the anterior node of the action observation network (AON), namely the inferior frontal cortex (IFC). The fourth study, sheds light on the pivotal role of the left IFC in predicting the future end state of observed right-hand actions. Finally, the fifth study examines how the ability to predict others’ actions could be influenced by a reduction of sensorimotor experience due to the traumatic or congenital loss of a limb. Overall, the present work provides new insights on: i) the anticipatory mechanisms of the basic reactivity of the motor system when processing sensory events occurring within the PPS, and the same anticipatory motor mechanisms when perceiving others’ implied actions; ii) the functional connectivity and plasticity of premotor-motor circuits both during the motor mapping of sensory events occurring within the PPS and when perceiving others’ actions; and iii) the anticipatory mechanisms related to others’ actions prediction.
Hydrodynamical structure formation in Milgromian cosmology
Creators: name: Wittenburg, Nils
name: Kroupa, Pavel
name: Banik, Indranil
name: Candlish, Graeme
name: Samaras, Nick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first hydrodynamical cosmological simulations in the $ν$HDM framework based on Milgromian dynamics (MOND) with light (11~eV) sterile neutrinos. $ν$HDM can explain the expansion history, CMB anisotropies, and galaxy cluster dynamics similarly to standard cosmology while preserving MOND's successes on galaxy scales, making this the most conservative Milgromian framework. We generate initial conditions including sterile neutrinos using \textsc{camb} and \textsc{music} and modify the publicly available code \textsc{phantom of ramses} to run $ν$HDM models. The simulations start at redshift $z_e=199$, when the gravitational fields are stronger than $a_{_0}$ provided this does not vary. We analyse the growth of structure and investigate the impact of resolution and box size, which is at most 600 comoving Mpc. Large density contrasts arise at late times, which may explain the KBC void and Hubble tension. We quantify the mass function of formed structures at different redshifts. We show that the sterile neutrino mass fraction in these structures is similar to the cosmic fraction at high masses (consistent with MOND dynamical analyses) but approaches zero at lower masses, as expected for galaxies. We also identify structures with a low peculiar velocity comparable to the Local Group, but these are rare. The onset of group/cluster scale structure formation at $z_e\approx4$ appears to be in tension with observations of high redshift galaxies, which we discuss in comparison to prior analytical work in a MONDian framework. The formation of a cosmic web of filaments and voids demonstrates that this is not unique to standard Einstein/Newton-based cosmology.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables; published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society in this form (08.05.2023); For movies of the models simulated in this work see https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2mtDSIH4RQhtoIxlOBvDzrzhT7bAFxqq
Hyperuniformity in point patterns and two-phase random heterogeneous media
Creators: name: Zachary, Chase E.
name: Torquato, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hyperuniform point patterns are characterized by vanishing infinite wavelength density fluctuations and encompass all crystal structures, certain quasi-periodic systems, and special disordered point patterns. This article generalizes the notion of hyperuniformity to include also two-phase random heterogeneous media. Hyperuniform random media do not possess infinite-wavelength volume fraction fluctuations, implying that the variance in the local volume fraction in an observation window decays faster than the reciprocal window volume as the window size increases. For microstructures of impenetrable and penetrable spheres, we derive an upper bound on the asymptotic coefficient governing local volume fraction fluctuations in terms of the corresponding quantity describing the variance in the local number density (i.e., number variance). Extensive calculations of the asymptotic number variance coefficients are performed for a number of disordered (e.g., quasiperiodic tilings, classical stealth disordered ground states, and certain determinantal point processes), quasicrystal, and ordered (e.g., Bravais and non-Bravais periodic systems) hyperuniform structures in various Euclidean space dimensions, and our results are consistent with a quantitative order metric characterizing the degree of hyperuniformity. We also present corresponding estimates for the asymptotic local volume fraction coefficients for several lattice families. Our results have interesting implications for a certain problem in number theory.
description: 36 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables, iopart; references updates with minor text changes
Measurement of quench heat transfer coefficients and their use in heat treatment design
Creators: name: Gupta, Shashi Mohan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The heat-transfer phenomena in the quenching process have been studied using stainless steel and mild steel specimens in brine (3% by wt. NaCl), water, oil and air, under controlled conditions. The experimental data were analysed using a simple mathematical model of the quenching process to study the relationship between the surface temperature of the specimen and the surface heat-transfer coefficient. The influence on this relationship, of important variables such as initial specimen temperature, quenchant temperature, surface oxidation, etc. has been studied. The results from the experimental data are in good agreement with the results of previous workers. The results obtained in this work, together with Jominy-test data and the mathematical model, were used to determine the necessary quenching conditions required to obtain a desired thermal history or mechanical property at a given position in a 4 inch diameter steel grinding-ball. A steel ball was then quenched under the above determined conditions and an examination of the ball section showed that the desired property was indeed present at the given location.
Short-Time Operator Product Expansion for rf Spectroscopy of a Strongly-interacting Fermi Gas
Creators: name: Braaten, Eric
name: Kang, Daekyoung
name: Platter, Lucas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Universal relations that hold for any state provide powerful constraints on systems consisting of fermions with two spin states interacting with a large scattering length. In radio-frequency (rf) spectroscopy, the mean shift in the rf frequency and the large frequency tail of the rf transition rate are proportional to the contact, which measures the density of pairs with small separations. We show that these universal relations can be derived and extended by using the short-time operator product expansion of quantum field theory. This is a general method for identifying aspects of many-body physics that are controlled by few-body physics.
description: 4 pages
title: ‘The Politics of Experience’: Young Refugees, the Dialogical Self
& Therapeutic Social Work, Within a Psycho-Analytic Agency Context
Creators: name: Meehan, Khurshid
Publisher: name: The University of East London
Year: 2018

description: This study is set in a psychoanalytic mental health outpatient agency and focuses on five adolescent refugees who were part of a specialist service. From a social work perspective it seemed the young people were subject to two contradictory dominant discourses – the hostile socio-political discourse of the “unwanted invader”, whilst inside the agency, the static, essentialised identity allied to the dominant discourse of trauma.
The young people were clearly not a homogenous group, despite all seeking asylum. The agency discourse was seen to play a prominent role in framing the young person’s needs, shaping their identity and legitimating the role of the agency and their activities. Its trauma-focussed understanding of these young people on the meso-level, reflected a distinct and parallel process occurring on the macro-level outside the agency. Both discourses served to restrict the possibilities for other identities and stories being shared, whilst providing ‘certainties’ and ‘security’ in the presence of the other.
Adopting a multi-level, trans-theoretical approach acknowledged that the reliance on a specific knowledge base, had the potential to create bias and failed to consider environmental factors and the inherent personal resources of each of the young people.
Adopting narrative ethnography and dialogical narrative analysis, recognised the stories the young people shared during our ‘encounters’ were likely to be multi-vocal and ‘drenched’ in social factors. Through ‘open dialogue,’ meaning was created together, which had the potential to empower and invite new voices and identities to emerge.
The findings conclude that the young people were ‘purposive actors’, whose stories often expressed the pain and suffering of past events, and the oppressive influence of the macro, but also their considerable efforts to negotiate ascribed identities and develop, ‘sameness’ with the dominant host, thereby creating new identities, in their ‘struggle of becoming’.
title: Optimal control of time-discretized contact problems
Creators: name: Müller, Georg
Publisher: name: University of Bayreuth
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 500
subject: 510

description: The dynamic interaction of a viscoelastic body and a rigid obstacle is inherently nonlinear, and optimization problems with these constraints are complex, nonsmooth complementarity constrained problems.
Developing optimization algorithms for these problems and correctly assessing their limitations requires detailed knowledge of the problem structure, specifically with respect to the characteristics of contact patches as the source of nonsmoothness.
In this thesis, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis of frictionless, linearly viscoelastic, time-discretized one-body contact problems is presented, and existence as well as strong stationarity of minimizers of the associated optimal control problems are shown. 
The results are used in the design, implementation and evaluation of two adjoint-based optimization schemes.

The analysis of the problem is strongly dependent on the formulation of the contact constraints on the boundary of the domain in the framework of weak solutions.
Several Sobolev capacities are examined with respect to their boundary behavior and their suitability for the constraint's formulation.
Under mild regularity assumptions on the data, all reasonable notions of capacity are proven to be equivalent.
Additionally, the formulation of the contact constraints with respect to the corresponding quasi everywhere sense is shown to coincide with the formulation using the classic, measure theoretical sense.
This enables the use of a wide range of results from these previously unrelated approaches in the subsequent analysis.

The time-continuous contact problem is discretized using nonconforming finite elements, and the solution operator to the contact implicit time-discretized problem is shown to be Hadamard differentiable.
A localized representation of the contact forces is derived to obtain a pointwise characterization of the linearized boundary conditions, which allows for the identification of the operator's points of (non-)differentiability in the sense of Gâteaux.
Existence of minimizers of the optimization problem and their stationarity conditions are derived using the differentiability information on the operator.

Based on the adjoint problem in the stationarity condition, a subgradient-type search direction is computed as part of a line search method and a corresponding momentum method.
The behavior of their implementations is evaluated numerically using three test configurations.
Particularly, the dependence of the problem-specific nonsmoothness and its effects on the algorithms on the contact boundaries' geometries and the objective functional are examined.
Unsupervised Learning for Target Tracking and Background Subtraction in Satellite Imagery
Creators: name: Kent, Jonathan S.
name: Wamsley, Charles C.
name: Flateau, Davin
name: Ferguson, Amber
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.6

description: This paper describes an unsupervised machine learning methodology capable of target tracking and background suppression via a novel dual-model approach. ``Jekyll`` produces a video bit-mask describing an estimate of the locations of moving objects, and ``Hyde`` outputs a pseudo-background frame to subtract from the original input image sequence. These models were trained with a custom-modified version of Cross Entropy Loss. Simulated data were used to compare the performance of Jekyll and Hyde against a more traditional supervised Machine Learning approach. The results from these comparisons show that the unsupervised methods developed are competitive in output quality with supervised techniques, without the associated cost of acquiring labeled training data.
description: 10 pages
Neotypus intermedius subsp. sudanensis HEINRICH 1933
Creators: name: Madl, Michael
name: S, Osprynchotus
name: H, Afrobystra
name: H, Afromelanichneumon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Neotypus
Neotypus intermedius
Neotypus intermedius sudanensis heinrich, 1933

description: Neotypus intermedius sudanensis HEINRICH, 1933
 Neotypus intermedius sudanensis HEINRICH, 1933: HEINRICH 1967b: 269 (key ♀), 270 (key ♁), 282 (taxonomy, description ♀ ♁, Asmara).
 Neotypus intermedius sudanensis HEINRICH, 1933: TOWNES & TOWNES 1973: 243 (Asmara, catalogue Afrotropical region: Ethiopia = Eritrea).
 Neotypus intermedius sudanensis HEINRICH, 1933: YU & HORSTMANN 1997a: 669 (world catalogue).
D i s t r i b u t i o n:Asmara.
 Neotypus intermedius sudanensis is also known from Sudan and Uganda.
description: Published as part of Madl, Michael, S, Osprynchotus, H, Afrobystra & H, Afromelanichneumon, 2023, A catalogue of the family Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea) of Eritrea, pp. 527-536 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 54 (2) on page 532, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10414404
Inversive Meadows and Divisive Meadows
Creators: name: Bergstra, J. A.
name: Middelburg, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 12E12, 12L05, 12L12, 16E50, 68Q65

description: Inversive meadows are commutative rings with a multiplicative identity element and a total multiplicative inverse operation whose value at 0 is 0. Divisive meadows are inversive meadows with the multiplicative inverse operation replaced by a division operation. We give finite equational specifications of the class of all inversive meadows and the class of all divisive meadows. It depends on the angle from which they are viewed whether inversive meadows or divisive meadows must be considered more basic. We show that inversive and divisive meadows of rational numbers can be obtained as initial algebras of finite equational specifications. In the spirit of Peacock's arithmetical algebra, we study variants of inversive and divisive meadows without an additive identity element and/or an additive inverse operation. We propose simple constructions of variants of inversive and divisive meadows with a partial multiplicative inverse or division operation from inversive and divisive meadows. Divisive meadows are more basic if these variants are considered as well. We give a simple account of how mathematicians deal with 1 / 0, in which meadows and a customary convention among mathematicians play prominent parts, and we make plausible that a convincing account, starting from the popular computer science viewpoint that 1 / 0 is undefined, by means of some logic of partial functions is not attainable.
description: 18 pages; error corrected; 29 pages, combined with arXiv:0909.2088 [math.RA] and arXiv:0909.5271 [math.RA]
Cold Quark Matter, Quadratic Corrections and Gauge/String Duality
Creators: name: Andreev, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We make an estimate of the quadratic correction in the pressure of cold quark matter using gauge/string duality.
description: 7 pages; v.2: reference added; v.3: reference and comments added, version to appear in PRD; v4. final version to appear in PRD; v.5: key reference added
A geometric characterization of the upper bound for the span of the Jones polynomial
Creators: name: González-Meneses, J.
name: Manchón, P. M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M27, 57M25

description: Let D be a link diagram with n crossings, s_A and s_B its extreme states and |s_AD| (resp. |s_BD|) the number of simple closed curves that appear when smoothing D according to s_A (resp. s_B). We give a general formula for the sum |s_AD|+|s_BD| for a k-almost alternating diagram D, for any k, characterising this sum as the number of faces in an appropriate triangulation of an appropriate surface with boundary. When D is dealternator connected, the triangulation is especially simple, yielding |s_AD|+|s_BD|=n+2-2k. This gives a simple geometric proof of the upper bound of the span of the Jones polynomial for dealternator connected diagrams, a result first obtained by Zhu in 1997. Another upper bound of the span of the Jones polynomial for dealternator connected and dealternator reduced diagrams, discovered historically first by Adams et al in 1992, is obtained as a corollary. As a new application, we prove that the Turaev genus is equal to the number k of dealternator crossings for any dealternator connected diagram.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures. To appear in Journal of Knot Theory and its Ramifications
The evolution of Black Hole scaling relations in galaxy mergers
Creators: name: Johansson, Peter H.
name: Burkert, Andreas
name: Naab, Thorsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of black holes (BHs) on the M_BH-sigma and M_BH-M_bulge planes as a function of time in disk galaxies undergoing mergers. We begin the simulations with the progenitor black hole masses being initially below (Delta log M_BH=-2), on (Delta log M_BH=0) and above (Delta log M_BH=0.5) the observed local relations. The final relations are rapidly established after the final coalescense of the galaxies and their BHs. Progenitors with low initial gas fractions (f_gas=0.2) starting below the relations evolve onto the relations (Delta log M_BH=-0.18), progenitors on the relations stay there (Delta log M_BH=0) and finally progenitors above the relations evolve towards the relations, but still remaining above them (Delta log M_BH=0.35). Mergers in which the progenitors have high initial gas fractions (f_gas=0.8) evolve above the relations in all cases (Delta log M_BH=0.5). We find that the initial gas fraction is the prime source of scatter in the observed relations, dominating over the scatter arising from the evolutionary stage of the merger remnants. The fact that BHs starting above the relations do not evolve onto the relations, indicates that our simulations rule out the scenario in which overmassive BHs evolve onto the relations through gas-rich mergers. By implication our simulations thus disfavor the picture in which supermassive BHs develop significantly before their parent bulges.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted to ApJL (minor revisions to match accepted version)
Virialization of the Inner CGM and Implications for Disc Formation
Creators: name: Stern, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Recent observations have highlighted the concept of 'disc settling', where the star-forming galaxy population becomes increasingly dominated by thin rotating discs with increasing mass and decreasing redshift, in contrast with disordered velocity fields and irregular morphologies at low masses and high redshifts. There is yet no established consensus on why rotation dominated-discs preferably form in massive SF galaxies and at low redshifts. Using a combination of analytic calculations, controlled numerical experiments, and the FIRE cosmological simulations, I will argue that disc settling is associated with a phase transition in the inner circumgalactic medium (CGM). I will show that in FIRE, the CGM of low mass irregular galaxies has sub-virial temperatures and large pressure fluctuations, while the CGM of more massive disc galaxies has virial temperatures and a smooth pressure distribution. Our results thus predict a tight connection between the thermal properties of the inner CGM and the kinematics of the central galaxy, a prediction which can be tested with upcoming surveys and facilities.
Dust growth, fragmentation and self-induced dust traps in PHANTOM
Creators: name: Vericel, Arnaud
name: Gonzalez, Jean-François
name: Price, Daniel J.
name: Laibe, Guillaume
name: Pinte, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the implementation of a dust growth and fragmentation module in the public Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) code PHANTOM. This module is made available for public use with this paper. The coagulation model considers locally monodisperse dust size distributions around single values that are carried by the SPH particles. Along with the presentation of the model, implementation and tests, we showcase growth and fragmentation in a few typical circumstellar disc simulations and revisit previous results. The module is also interfaced with the radiative transfer code MCFOST, which facilitates the comparison between simulations and ALMA observations by generating synthetic maps. Circumstellar disc simulations with growth and fragmentation reproduce the `self-induced dust trap' mechanism first proposed by Gonzalez et al., which supports its existence. Synthetic images of discs featuring this mechanism suggest it would be detectable by ALMA as a bright axisymmetric ring at several tens of au from the star. With this paper, our aim is to provide a public tool to be able to study and explore dust growth in a variety of applications related to planet formation.
description: 22 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Dipole-mode and scissors-mode oscillations of a dipolar supersolid
Creators: name: Young-S., Luis E.
name: Adhikari, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study dipole-mode and scissors-mode oscillations of a harmonically-trapped dipolar supersolid, composed of dipolar droplets arranged on a one-dimensional (1D) or a two-dimensional (2D) lattice, to establish the robustness of its crystalline structure under translation and rotation, using a beyond-mean-field model including a Lee-Huang-Yang interaction. The dipolar atoms are polarized along the $z$ direction with the supersolid crystalline structure lying in the $x$-$y$ plane. A stable dipole-mode oscillation was possible in case of both quasi-1D and quasi-2D dipolar supersolids, whereas a sustained angular scissors-mode oscillation was possible only in the case of a quasi-1D dipolar supersolid between a maximum and a minimum of trap anisotropy in the $x$-$y$ plane. In both cases there was no visible deformation of the crystalline structure of the dipolar supersolid during the oscillation. The theoretical estimate of the scissors-mode-oscillation frequency was in good agreement with the present results and the agreement improved with an increase of the number of droplets in the supersolid and also with an increase in the confining trap frequencies. The results of this study can be tested experimentally with present knowhow.
The Wolf-Rayet features and mass-metallicity relation of long-duration gamma-ray burst host galaxies
Creators: name: Han, X. H.
name: Hammer, F.
name: Liang, Y. C.
name: Flores, H.
name: Rodrigues, M.
name: Hou, J. L.
name: Wei, J. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We have gathered optical spectra of 8 long-duration GRB host galaxies selected from the archival data of VLT/FORS2. We investigated whether or not Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars can be detected in these GRB host galaxies. We also tried to estimate the physical properties of GRB host galaxies, such as metallicity. Methods. We identified the WR features in these spectra by fitting the WR bumps and WR emission lines in blue and red bumps. We also identified the subtypes of the WR stars, and estimated the numbers of stars in each subtype, then calculated the WR/O star ratios. The (O/H) abundances of GRB hosts were estimated from both the electron temperature (Te) and the metallicity-sensitive strong-line ratio (R23), for which we have broken the R23 degeneracy. We compared the environments of long-duration GRB host galaxies with those of other galaxies in terms of their luminosity (stellar mass)-metallicity relations (LZ, MZ). Results. We detected the presence of WR stars in 5 GRB host galaxies having spectra with relatively high signal-to-noise ratios (S/N). In the comparison of LZ, MZ relations, it shows that GRB hosts have lower metallicities than other samples with comparable luminosity and stellar mass. The presence of WR stars and the observed high WR/O star ratio, together with low metallicity, support the core-collapsar model and implie the first stage of star formation in the hosted regions of GRBs.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, A&A 514, A24 (2010)