cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Stochastic pH oscillations in a model of the urea-urease reaction confined to lipid vesicles
Creators: name: Straube, Arthur V.
name: Winkelmann, Stefanie
name: Schütte, Christof
name: Höfling, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The urea-urease clock reaction is a pH switch from acid to basic that can turn into a pH oscillator if it occurs inside a suitable open reactor. We study the confinement of the reaction to lipid vesicles, which permit the exchange with an external reservoir by differential transport, enabling the recovery of the pH level and yielding a constant supply of urea molecules.For microscopically small vesicles, the discreteness of the number of molecules requires a stochastic treatment of the reaction dynamics. Our analysis shows that intrinsic noise induces a significant statistical variation of the oscillation period, which increases as the vesicles become smaller. The mean period, however, is found to be remarkably robust for vesicle sizes down to approximately 200 nm. The observed oscillations are explained as a canard-like limit cycle that differs from the wide class of conventional feedback oscillators.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures with 2 pages of Supporting info; published in the Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
High-Probability Quantum State Transfer in the Alternating Open Chains of 1/2 Spins with XY Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Kuznetsova, E. I.
name: Zenchuk, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper concerns the problem of non-ideal state transfer along the alternating open chain of spins $s=1/2$ with XY Hamiltonian. It is found that the state transfer along the chain with even number of spins $N$ ($N=4,6,8$) may be realized with high probability. Privilege of even $N$ in comparison with odd $N$ is demonstrated.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
PopSED: Population-Level Inference for Galaxy Properties from Broadband Photometry with Neural Density Estimation
Creators: name: Li, Jiaxuan
name: Melchior, Peter
name: Hahn, ChangHoon
name: Huang, Song
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present PopSED, a framework for the population-level inference of galaxy properties from photometric data. Unlike the traditional approach of first analyzing individual galaxies and then combining the results to determine the physical properties of the entire galaxy population, we directly make the population distribution the inference objective. We train normalizing flows to approximate the population distribution by minimizing the Wasserstein distance between the synthetic photometry of the galaxy population and the observed data. We validate our method using mock observations and apply it to galaxies from the GAMA survey. PopSED reliably recovers the redshift and stellar mass distribution of $10^{5}$ galaxies using broadband photometry within $<1$ GPU hr, being $10^{5-6}$ times faster than the traditional spectral energy distribution modeling method. From the population posterior, we also recover the star-forming main sequence for GAMA galaxies at $z<0.1$. With the unprecedented number of galaxies in upcoming surveys, our method offers an efficient tool for studying galaxy evolution and deriving redshift distributions for cosmological analyses.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures. AJ accepted
A turner syndrome neurocognitive phenotype maps to Xp22.3
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 0604 Genetics
subject: Clinical Medicine and Science
subject: Rare Diseases
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Human Genome
subject: Clinical Research
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors

description: Background: Turner syndrome (TS) is associated with a neurocognitive phenotype that includes selective nonverbal deficits, e.g., impaired visual-spatial abilities. We previously reported evidence that this phenotype results from haploinsufficiency of one or more genes on distal Xp. This inference was based on genotype/phenotype comparisons of individual girls and women with partial Xp deletions, with the neurocognitive phenotype considered a dichotomous trait. We sought to confirm our findings in a large cohort (n = 47) of adult women with partial deletions of Xp or Xq, enriched for subjects with distal Xp deletions. Methods: Subjects were recruited from North American genetics and endocrinology clinics. Phenotype assessment included measures of stature, ovarian function, and detailed neurocognitive testing. The neurocognitive phenotype was measured as a quantitative trait, the Turner Syndrome Cognitive Summary (TSCS) score, derived from discriminant function analysis. Genetic analysis included karyotyping, X inactivation studies, fluorescent in situ hybridization, microsatellite marker genotyping, and array comparative genomic hybridization. Results: We report statistical evidence that deletion of Xp22.3, an interval containing 31 annotated genes, is sufficient to cause the neurocognitive phenotype described by the TSCS score. Two other cardinal TS features, ovarian failure and short stature, as well as X chromosome inactivation pattern and subject's age, were unrelated to the TSCS score. Conclusion: Detailed mapping suggests that haploinsufficiency of one or more genes in Xp22.3, the distal 8.3 megabases (Mb) of the X chromosome, is responsible for a TS neurocognitive phenotype. This interval includes the 2.6 Mb Xp-Yp pseudoautosomal region (PAR1). Haploinsufficiency of the short stature gene SHOX in PAR1 probably does not cause this TS neurocognitive phenotype. Two genes proximal to PAR1 within the 8.3 Mb critical region, STS and NLGN4X, are attractive candidates for this neurocognitive phenotype. © 2007 Zinn et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Filtered topological structure of the QCD vacuum: Effects of dynamical quarks
Creators: name: Bruckmann, Falk
name: Gruber, Florian
name: Schäfer, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically compare filtering methods used to extract topological structures on SU(3) lattice configurations. We show that there is a strong correlation of the topological charge densities obtained by APE and Stout smearing. To get rid of artifacts of these methods, we analyse structures that are also seen by Laplace filtering and indeed identify artifacts for strong smearing. The topological charge density in this combined analysis is more fragmented in the presence of dynamical quarks. A power law exponent that characterises the distribution of filtered topological clusters turns out to be not far off the values of an instanton gas model.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, final version to appear in PLB
title: Utah Music Educators Association Handbook
Creators: name: Nielsen, Dallin S.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1958

description: Origin and nature of this projectIn recent years an increasing number of requests have been made by the music teachers of Utah that a handbook be prepared that would set forth the structure of the Utah Music Educators Association and describe its activities and services.It was thought advisable by the officers of U.M.E.A. to include in the booklet also the plan of operation of the region music activities of Utah and a description of the affiliation of U.M.E.A. with other professional organizations along with a brief statement of their structure and objectives. ObjectivesThis handbook will be helpful in the following ways:1. It will acquaint new teachers with the services that are available to them from the Utah Music Educators Association.2. It will be an aid to all teachers and administrators charged with the responsibility of sponsoring and supervising music activities. 3. It will help U.M.E.A. officers to know the duties of their officers and the procedures followed by the U.M.E.A.4. It will help all music teachers, U.M.E.A. officers and administrators and administrators to understand the affiliation of U.M.E.A. with other professional organizations.5. It will give helpful information to teachers and administrators concerning some of the legal and ethical regulations and procedures of which they should be cognisant in administrating a music program.
Modified gravity emerging from thermodynamics and holographic principle
Creators: name: Zhang, Yi
name: Gong, Yun-gui
name: Zhu, Zong-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new conception is proposed in Ref.\cite{Verlinde:2010hp,Padmanabhan:2009kr} that gravity is one kind of entropic force. In this letter, we try to discuss its applications to the modified gravities by using three different corrections to the area law of entropy which are derived from the quantum effects and extra dimensions. According to the assumption of holographic principle, the number of bits $N$ which is related to the equipartition law of energy is modified. Then, the modified law of Newton's gravity and the modified Friedmann equations are obtained by using the new notion. By choosing suitable parameters, the modified area law of entropy leads to de-Sitter solutions which can be used to explain the accelerating expansion of our universe. It suggests that the accelerating phase in our universe may be an emergent phenomenon based on holographic principle and thermodynamics.
description: 15 pages, no figures
title: Graduate Woodwind Recital
Creators: name: Siggard, Derral L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1960

description: In the 1959-60 Utah State University catalogue a new program is outlined for graduate study towards a Master of Science Degree in Music Education. under the provisions of this section a candidate may elect a thesis project or a lecture-recital (16 p. 124). After conferring with his committee, the writer decided to choose a lecture-recital should be confined to specialization in the field of woodwind instrumental instruction. Under the provisions outlined by his adviser, Prof. Max F. Dalby, the writer was to perform on all of the five major woodwind instruments -- flute, oboe, clarinet, saxophone, and bassoon. In addition to this he would be required to program student groups on the recital demonstrating ability to teach woodwind students on all instruments and at all levels of advancement, thus showing through this recital not only ability as a performer but also ability as a master teacher. In planning the recital, the committee recommended that the writer perform one of the Bach flute Sonatas. His six Sonatas are considered classics in the standard repertoire for flute. Therefore, it was logical that one of them should be included on the program. After studying and listening to recordings of the six Sonatas, the writer decided to perform the Sonata in g minor.
Additional file 2: of Randomized, phase I/II study of gemcitabine plus IGF-1R antagonist (MK-0646) versus gemcitabine plus erlotinib with and without MK-0646 for advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: Abdel-Wahab, Reham
name: Varadhachary, Gauri
name: Bhosale, Priya
name: Wang, Xuemei
name: Fogelman, David
name: Shroff, Rachna
name: Overman, Michael
name: Wolff, Robert
name: Javle, Milind
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: The most commonly reported grade 3 and 4 toxicity in patients treated with gemcitabine + MK-0646 versus gemcitabine + erlotinib with and without MK-0646. (DOCX 21Â kb)
Lower bounds on multiple sequence alignment using exact 3-way alignment
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Algorithms
Base Sequence
DNA
Molecular Sequence Data
Reproducibility of Results
Sensitivity and Specificity
Sequence Alignment
Sequence Analysis, DNA

description: Background: Multiple sequence alignment is fundamental. Exponential growth in computation time appears to be inevitable when an optimal alignment is required for many sequences. Exact costs of optimum alignments are therefore rarely computed. Consequently much effort has been invested in algorithms for alignment that are heuristic, or explore a restricted class of solutions. These give an upper bound on the alignment cost, but it is equally important to determine the quality of the solution obtained. In the absence of an optimal alignment with which to compare, lower bounds may be calculated to assess the quality of the alignment. As more effort is invested in improving upper bounds (alignment algorithms), it is therefore important to improve lower bounds as well. Although numerous cost metrics can be used to determine the quality of an alignment, many are based on sum-of-pairs (SP) measures and their generalizations. Results: Two standard and two new methods are considered for using exact 2-way and 3-way alignments to compute lower bounds on total SP alignment cost; one new method fares well with respect to accuracy, while the other reduces the computation time. The first employs exhaustive computation of exact 3-way alignments, while the second employs an efficient heuristic to compute a much smaller number of exact 3-way alignments. Calculating all 3-way alignments exactly and computing their average improves lower bounds on sum of SP cost in v-way alignments. However judicious selection of a subset of all 3-way alignments can yield a further improvement with minimal additional effort. On the other hand, a simple heuristic to select a random subset of 3-way alignments (a random packing) yields accuracy comparable to averaging all 3-way alignments with substantially less computational effort. Conclusion: Calculation of lower bounds on SP cost (and thus the quality of an alignment) can be improved by employing a mixture of 3-way and 2-way alignments. © 2007 Colbourn and Kumar; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
A note on the first-order flexes of smooth surfaces which are tangent to the set of all nonrigid surfaces
Creators: name: Alexandrov, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A05 (Primary) 53C24, 52C25 (Secondary)

description: We prove that first-order flexes of smooth surfaces in Euclidean 3-space, which are tangent to the set of all nonrigid surfaces, can be extended to second-order flexes.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
title: Improving Elementary School Singing
Creators: name: Hansen, P. Annette
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1961

description: The problem of helping children to make continual progress in their singing ability has been of particular interest to me because of the experiences I have had in teaching music to third, fifth, and sixth graders. In most cases the children had had few teachers who were trained or experienced in teaching music. In one district there wasn't even a music supervisor to whom teachers could go for help if they felt they needed it. The problems on which I have done research to write this paper are the ones which have been the most common in my experience. I have attempted to find the most recent information available, or to pick out of slightly older material, the ideas which would prove helpful to me in organizing a situation which would be of value in developing the musical ability of the children I teach.
Far-Infrared Properties of Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies Observed with AKARI/Far-Infrared Surveyor (FIS)
Creators: name: Hirashita, Hiroyuki
name: Kaneda, Hidehiro
name: Onaka, Takashi
name: Suzuki, Toyoaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report basic far-infrared (FIR) properties of eight blue compact dwarf galaxies (BCDs) observed by AKARI. We measure the fluxes at the four FIS bands (wavelengths of 65 um, 90 um, 140 um, and 160 um). Based on these fluxes, we estimate basic quantities about dust: dust temperature, dust mass, and total FIR luminosity. We find that the typical dust temperature of the BCD sample is systematically higher than that of normal spiral galaxies, although there is a large variety. The interstellar radiation field estimated from the dust temperature ranges up to 100 times of the Galactic value. This confirms the concentrated star-forming activity in BCDs. The star formation rate can be evaluated from the FIR luminosity as 0.01--0.5 $M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$. Combining this quantity with gas mass taken from the literature, we estimate the gas consumption timescales (gas mass divided by the star formation rate), which prove to span a wide range from 1 Gyr to 100 Gyr. A natural interpretation of this large variety can be provided by intermittent star formation activity. We finally show the relation between dust-to-gas ratio and metallicity (we utilize our estimate of dust mass, and take other necessary quantities from the literature). There is a positive correlation between dust-to-gas ratio and metallicity as expected from chemical evolution models.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in PASJ (AKARI Special Issue No. 2)
Knowledge Graphs for the Life Sciences: Recent Developments, Challenges and Opportunities
Creators: name: Chen, Jiaoyan
name: Dong, Hang
name: Hastings, Janna
name: Jiménez-Ruiz, Ernesto
name: López, Vanessa
name: Monnin, Pierre
name: Pesquita, Catia
name: Škoda, Petr
name: Tamma, Valentina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.4; J.3

description: The term life sciences refers to the disciplines that study living organisms and life processes, and include chemistry, biology, medicine, and a range of other related disciplines. Research efforts in life sciences are heavily data-driven, as they produce and consume vast amounts of scientific data, much of which is intrinsically relational and graph-structured.
 The volume of data and the complexity of scientific concepts and relations referred to therein promote the application of advanced knowledge-driven technologies for managing and interpreting data, with the ultimate aim to advance scientific discovery.
 In this survey and position paper, we discuss recent developments and advances in the use of graph-based technologies in life sciences and set out a vision for how these technologies will impact these fields into the future. We focus on three broad topics: the construction and management of Knowledge Graphs (KGs), the use of KGs and associated technologies in the discovery of new knowledge, and the use of KGs in artificial intelligence applications to support explanations (explainable AI). We select a few exemplary use cases for each topic, discuss the challenges and open research questions within these topics, and conclude with a perspective and outlook that summarizes the overarching challenges and their potential solutions as a guide for future research.
description: 33 pages, 1 figure, camera-ready version, accepted for Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge (TGDK)
Coping with viral diversity in HIV vaccine design
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2007
Subjects: AIDS Vaccines
Antigenic Variation
Drug Design
Epitope Mapping
Gene Products, nef
Genetic Variation
nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus

description: The ability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to develop high levels of genetic diversity, and thereby acquire mutations to escape immune pressures, contributes to the difficulties in producing a vaccine. Possibly no single HIV-1 sequence can induce sufficiently broad immunity to protect against a wide variety of infectious strains, or block mutational escape pathways available to the virus after infection. The authors describe the generation of HIV-1 immunogens that minimizes the phylogenetic distance of viral strains throughout the known viral population (the center of tree [COT]) and then extend the COT immunogen by addition of a composite sequence that includes highfrequency variable sites preserved in their native contexts. The resulting COT+ antigens compress the variation found in many independent HIV-1 isolates into lengths suitable for vaccine immunogens. It is possible to capture 62% of the variation found in the Nef protein and 82% of the variation in the Gag protein into immunogens of three gene lengths. The authors put forward immunogen designs that maximize representation of the diverse antigenic features present in a spectrum of HIV-1 strains. These immunogens should elicit immune responses against high-frequency viral strains as well as against most mutant forms of the virus. © 2007 Nickle et al.
title: Graduate Recital
Creators: name: Morgan, Judy Ann
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1976

description: The recital and its consequent report are the culmination of the Master's candidate's years of study. In order to choose his program he must become familiar with the finest compositions suitable for his vocal characteristics. He must research the musical periods and analyze the individual idiosyncrasies of the composers in order to interpret the compositions he performs. He must become aware of his voice, its strengths and weaknesses, and learn to manipulate it to produce pleasing effects. And most difficult of all, he must discipline himself to do the writing, researching, analyzing, memorizing, and rehearsing which will lead to the final goal of increased perception and knowledge necessary to the recital and report. The resultant growth helps to mold the candidate into the musician he is capable of becoming.
MOESM4 of A simple and cost-effective method for screening of CRISPR/Cas9-induced homozygous/biallelic mutants
Creators: name: Guo, Jinggong
name: Li, Kun
name: Jin, Lifeng
name: Xu, Rui
name: Miao, Kaiting
name: Yang, Fengbo
name: Qi, Chaoya
name: Zhang, Lin
name: Botella, Jose
name: Wang, Ran
name: Miao, Yuchen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 4: Fig.Â 2. The yield of temperature gradient PCR with different multiple point mutation templates of NtCRTISO (synthesized) and different combination of primers was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis.
A $4^{\rm th}$-order accurate finite volume method for ideal classical and special relativistic MHD based on pointwise reconstructions
Creators: name: Berta, Vittoria
name: Mignone, Andrea
name: Bugli, Matteo
name: Mattia, Giancarlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel implementation of a genuinely $4^{\rm th}$-order accurate finite volume scheme for multidimensional classical and special relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) based on the constrained transport (CT) formalism. The scheme introduces several novel aspects when compared to its predecessors yielding a more efficient computational tool. Among the most relevant ones, our scheme exploits pointwise to pointwise reconstructions (rather than one-dimensional finite volume ones), employs the generic upwind constrained transport averaging and sophisticated limiting strategies that include both a discontinuity detector and an order reduction procedure. Selected numerical benchmarks demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the method.
description: 30 pages, 14 figures
Adaptation to human populations is revealed by within-host polymorphisms in HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Adaptation, Biological
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte
HIV Infections
HIV-1
Hepacivirus
Hepatitis C
Humans
Models, Biological
Models, Theoretical
Molecular Sequence Data
Polymorphism, Genetic
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Stochastic Processes

description: CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) perform a critical role in the immune control of viral infections, including those caused by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). As a result, genetic variation at CTL epitopes is strongly influenced by host-specific selection for either escape from the immune response, or reversion due to the replicative costs of escape mutations in the absence of CTL recognition. Under strong CTL-mediated selection, codon positions within epitopes may immediately "toggle" in response to each host, such that genetic variation in the circulating virus population is shaped by rapid adaptation to immune variation in the host population. However, this hypothesis neglects the substantial genetic variation that accumulates in virus populations within hosts. Here, we evaluate this quantity for a large number of HIV-1- (n ≥ 3,000) and HCV-infected patients (n ≥ 2,600) by screening bulk RT-PCR sequences for sequencing "mixtures" (i.e., ambiguous nucleotides), which act as site-specific markers of genetic variation within each host. We find that nonsynonymous mixtures are abundant and significantly associated with codon positions under host-specific CTL selection, which should deplete within-host variation by driving the fixation of the favored variant. Using a simple model, we demonstrate that this apparently contradictory outcome can be explained by the transmission of unfavorable variants to new hosts before they are removed by selection, which occurs more frequently when selection and transmission occur on similar time scales. Consequently, the circulating virus population is shaped by the transmission rate and the disparity in selection intensities for escape or reversion as much as it is shaped by the immune diversity of the host population, with potentially serious implications for vaccine design.
title: A Suggested Program of Study in Distributive Education for Sevier Valley Tech
Creators: name: Wilson, Blaine R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1970

description: The world of work is constantly changing. New jobs and new job descriptions are constantly being added to the work force. ' Since change is inevitable and desirable, the business curriculum, to~ must be altered to bridge the gap between school and the world of work.
Constant changes in occupational life result in a need for constant changes in training procedure. New courses must constantly be devised to meet job situations. ' When training is given without adequate planning based upon actual occupational needs it is likely to be ineffective. • In the period ahead, further occupational changes will take place resulting in even more adjustments in course-of- study materials.
Preparation and planning are basic to meeting the training needs of a changing business community. Rowe said, "The development and periodic revision of courses of study or syllabi is the first step toward improvement of instruction.
title: Historical Geography of the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe of Indians
Creators: name: Wilson, Eloise
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1970

description: The purpose of this study is to analyze the physical and cultural relationships which does nOW and has existed between the Ute Mountain Utes, presently located in southwestern Colorado , and their land base through time . This is especially interesting in relation to the Ute Mountain Utes as they originally were considered to be one of the most poorly endowed of the American Indians, but through a series of fortuitous events closely related to their land they are now considered to be the second wealthiest Indian tribe in the United States (Dutton, 1965, p . 6?) .
This paper will be limited to the critical periods of time in which the Ute Mountain Ute~' physical land base and technology were shifting rather than attempting a precise chronological study . It wjll be illustrated that two periods of time were ones in which the land base and usage were very limiting and the way of life of the Ute Indians was very meager and harsh. These were the pre-horse hunting and gathering period and the reservation period roughly between 1895 and 1953 during which the Ute Mountain Utes were on their present reservation existing, under conditions of extreme poverty . The remaining periods of time to be studied were those of expansion and improved standards of living for the Ute Indians. The first of these began in approximately 1640 when they came into direct contact with the Spanish in Taos , from whom they acquired the horse. This increased their resources both in terms of territory and material culture. The second period of expansion which led to their present status began , legally, in 1938 ; but not in actuality until after 1953 with the passage of an act allowing the Utes to be legally compensated for their loss of lands in western Colorado. Of equal importance to their expansion during this period was the discovery of oil on the Ute Mountain Ute Reservation in 1956.
This study will therefore be limited to those point of time in which important changes were made in the land base of the Ute Mountain Utes and an analysis will be made of the physical geographical base and its relationship to the Utes' technology, economic, and political status.
For purposes of this paper the seven Ute bands recognized at the time of historical contact will be treated a a group and referred to as Utes up to and through most of the historical period. The Ute Mountain Utes will be treated individually at the point of their being assigned to their own reservation in 1895. Any departure from this will be clearly stated. The reason for this is found in the absence of a written language and a limited technology during the early period making it impossible for the anthropologists to accurately trace any one band prior to historic times. Early writers were prone to confuse the Comanches and Utes so it cannot realistically be expected that separate bands were correctly identified during the early contact period(Hyde, 1959, p. 58).
Synonymous substitution rates predict HIV disease progression as a result of underlying replication dynamics
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence
Amino Acid Substitution
Codon
Computer Simulation
DNA Mutational Analysis
Disease Progression
Evolution, Molecular
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genetic Variation
HIV Infections
Humans
Models, Genetic
Molecular Sequence Data
Viral Envelope Proteins
Virus Activation
Virus Replication

description: Upon HIV transmission, some patients develop AIDS in only a few months, while others remain disease free for 20 or more years. This variation in the rate of disease progression is poorly understood and has been attributed to host genetics, host immune responses, co-infection, viral genetics, and adaptation. Here, we develop a new "relaxed-clock" phylogenetic method to estimate absolute rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution through time. We identify an unexpected association between the synonymous substitution rate of HIV and disease progression parameters. Since immune activation is the major determinant of HIV disease progression, we propose that this process can also determine viral generation times, by creating favourable conditions for HIV replication. These conclusions may apply more generally to HIV evolution, since we also observed an overall low synonymous substitution rate for HIV-2, which is known to be less pathogenic than HIV-1 and capable of tempering the detrimental effects of immune activation. Humoral immune responses, on the other hand, are the major determinant of nonsynonymous rate changes through time in the envelope gene, and our relaxed-clock estimates support a decrease in selective pressure as a consequence of immune system collapse. © 2007 Lemey et al.
Evolutionary interactions between N-Linked glycosylation sites in the HIV-1 envelope
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence
Binding Sites
Conserved Sequence
Evolution, Molecular
Glycosylation
HIV-1
Molecular Sequence Data
Polysaccharides
Protein Binding
Protein Interaction Mapping
Sequence Alignment
Sequence Analysis, Protein
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Viral Envelope Proteins

description: The addition of asparagine (N)-linked polysaccharide chains (i.e., glycans) to the gp120 and gp41 glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope is not only required for correct protein folding, but also may provide protection against neutralizing antibodies as a "glycan shield." As a result, strong host-specific selection is frequently associated with codon positions where nonsynonymous substitutions can create or disrupt potential N-linked glycosylation sites (PNGSs). Moreover, empirical data suggest that the individual contribution of PNGSs to the neutralization sensitivity or infectivity of HIV-1 may be critically dependent on the presence or absence of other PNGSs in the envelope sequence. Here we evaluate how glycan-glycan interactions have shaped the evolution of HIV-1 envelope sequences by analyzing the distribution of PNGSs in a large-sequence alignment. Using a "covarion"-type phylogenetic model, we find that the rates at which individual PNGSs are gained or lost vary significantly over time, suggesting that the selective advantage of having a PNGS may depend on the presence or absence of other PNGSs in the sequence. Consequently, we identify specific interactions between PNGSs in the alignment using a new paired-character phylogenetic model of evolution, and a Bayesian graphical model. Despite the fundamental differences between these two methods, several interactions are jointly identified by both. Mapping these interactions onto a structural model of HIV-1 gp120 reveals that negative (exclusive) interactions occur significantly more often between colocalized glycans, while positive (inclusive) interactions are restricted to more distant glycans. Our results imply that the adaptive repertoire of alternative configurations in the HIV-1 glycan shield is limited by functional interactions between the N-linked glycans. This represents a potential vulnerability of rapidly evolving HIV-1 populations that may provide useful glycan-based targets for neutralizing antibodies. © 2007 Poon et al.
Bionic Optical Physical Unclonable Functions for Authentication and Encryption
Creators: name: Wan, Yongbiao
name: Wang, Pidong
name: Huang, Feng
name: Yuan, Jun
name: Li, Dong
name: Chen, Kun
name: Kang, Jianbin
name: Li, Qian
name: Zhang, Taiping
name: Sun, Song
name: Qiu, Zhiguang
name: Yao, Yao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Information security is of great importance for modern society with all things connected. Physical unclonable function (PUF) as a promising hardware primitive has been intensively studied for information security. However, the widely investigated silicon PUF with low entropy is vulnerable to various attacks. Herein, we introduce a concept of bionic optical PUFs inspired from unique biological architectures, and fabricate four types of bionic PUFs by molding the surface micro-nano structures of natural plant tissues with a simple, low-cost, green and environmentally friendly manufacturing process. The laser speckle responses of all bionic PUFs are statistically demonstrated to be random, unique, unpredictable and robust enough for cryptographic applications, indicating the broad applicability of bionic PUFs. On this ground, the feasibility of implementing bionic PUFs as cryptographic primitives in entity authentication and encrypted communication is experimentally validated, which shows its promising potential in the application of future information security.
title: Marketing Strategy Study of the Taylor Soil Moisture Tester
Creators: name: Johnsen, Allen Leron
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1971

description: Marketing , some people say, need not be very complicated or costly. Their argument is summarized in Emerson's old adage, "If a man...makes a better mousetrap...the world will beat a path to his door." Such persons are sure that all one must do to succeed in business is to develop a good product,
The mousetrap adage may perhaps have been true when it was first expressed, but it certainly is not true today . The creation and production of a good mousetrap--or any other good product--in and of itself, is not enough to assure a man's fortune, In modern, well-developed economies the grass might well grow high on the path to the factory.
Today the design and production of a good product is only one step, The producer must also study consumer demand. He may have to advertise his product, and arrange for transportation and warehousing . Finally, he must sell it, In accomplishing these steps he may need the aid of wholesalers and retailers, The whole process is complex, specialized, and sometimes very expensive.
The marketing of the Taylor Soil Moisture Tester fits the introductory statement completely. It is a good product as we shall see when comparing it to other moisture measuring devices. It is less expensive than competitive testers. There also is a need for the information the instrument can provide. Yet the product has not sold in sufficient volume to make a profitable manufacturing operation, If increased sales of the unit can be achieved through use of the information recommended in this study the experience of conducting the study will be rewarding both academically and financially.
title: A Review of Private Fund Raising at Utah State University with Recommendations for Increased Private Financial Support
Creators: name: Johnsen, Allen Leron
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1971

description: Higher education was hardly over a period of tremendous expansion strain following World War II When it was faced with even more critical pressure caused by an exploding population, a larger percentage of people requiring a college education, and increased demands for services and research on the part of governments and business.
It is small wonder then that funding of higher education has multiplied in scope far beyond the modest appropriations of state legislatures and equally modest philanthropic support of pre-war years. The efforts to advance the understanding and support of educational programs have created whole new administrative departments in many institutions and expanded greatly the roles of the relatively few people involved in the activity prior to World War II. Public relations in colleges established itself as a management concept and alumni fund raising efforts broadened into total institutional development pro grams. However, in-depth analysis of the operation of such programs and the establishment of evaluative criteria were generally of secondary importance to getting the job done.
A dollar pinch is developing for higher education. The 1970's will bring larger studentbodies, greater demand for services and research, and continued rapidly rising costs. Competition for the education dollar will become acute. Budgets will be squeezed and all aspects of higher education will have to become more effective and efficient. The challenge to programs and personnel devoted to the furtherance of understanding and financial support will be equally as great, Interpretation of the educational program will be increasingly difficult as institutions grow more complex and the public more sophisticated. Added demands are being placed on the tax dollar and education will find other agencies competing strongly for funds in the state houses and on Capitol Hill. Private wealth is still abundant, but greater breakthroughs in philanthropic motivation will have to be made if education is to obtain the required financing, Combined with the pressures just mentioned is the ever-present reality of rising costs. Just to stay even in the future the management of educational fund raising and public relations programs will have to be improved greatly in both efficiency and effectiveness (13).
After World War II Utah State University found its position similar to many other universities needing funds. To establish a position in the field USU entered organized fund raising by establishing the development fund in 1958. Prior to that time only research funds from governmental and private sources had been sought. As needs have generated more interest in private fund raising at Utah State, steps have been taken to expand the fund raising activities.
title: Recital Report
Creators: name: Packham, Michael R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1971

description: In preparing the Masters recital the writer had three objectives . The writer wished to present an overview of the literature for solo horn, to demonstrate his ability to play music of varied styles and periods, and to show his ability to apply his knowledge of theory and composition. This report is offered as an aid in evaluating the realization of these objectives in the recital as it was performed . This report will discuss each of the pieces performed on the recital. The works for horn will be discussed with respect to their historical place in the literature, to their form and style, and to the preparation for their performance on the recital. Discussion of the original composition will include the procedures used in writing it and in preparing it for performance.
title: The Effects of Huguenot Settlements Upon the French Colonial Empire
Creators: name: Ringle, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1971

description: Considering this paper for a Seminar in Early Colonial History, became particularly interested in the French colonization efforts in the New World. My interest stems from the fact that I am a teacher of American History in the Public School system of the State of Utah. Due to the meager information contained in the textbooks used, most Americans know very little about the beginning of the French settlements and their impact upon the French Colonial Empire. Americans have heard of the French cities of Quebec, Montreal, New Orleans, and some others. They are aware that on the plains of Abraham the fate of the French Colonial Empire in North America was seal ed. England became the supreme colonial power in that area.
At first, I had thought to trace the location and growth of these early French settlements and their struggle for survival. However, as I began my research and collection of information, the story of the Huguenot settlements in the New World and their persecutions in Europe began to intrigue me. I began to wonder what influence these Huguenot settlements may have had on the building of the French Colonial Empire in the New World.
The French religious wars between the government of France and the Huguenots had caused severe persecutions of these Huguenots, and political factions began to flourish along with deep hatred for each other, both of which were far reaching.
Philip II of Spain did not like these Huguenot heretics settling upon land in the New World claimed by Spain. He intervened and was the final contributing cause to the failure of the colonization attempt of 1564 in the Carolinas.
Charles I of England using as a pretense the Huguenot persecutions declared war on France. This war spread to the French colonies in North America and eventually France, in 1763, did lose her colonial empire in the Canadian area to England.
It is my desire to stimulate thinking as to what influence the Huguenots ' colonization attempts may have had on the fate of the French Colonial Empire in the New World.
title: On Human, Economic, Natural Resources for the state of Utah From 1870- 1910 From U.S. Census Reports
Creators: name: Ringle, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1971

description: Many have called attention to the wealth of historical data buried in the decennial compilations of census reports conducted by the United States government since 1790. Many distinguished studies have been made utilizing these data . Surely a concentrated study of the reports for a limited area over a span of time will yield either new insights or verifications for established views. The purpose of this report is to provide a general summary of and analysis of the human, economic, and natural resources of Utah from 1870 to 1910, based on the data of the United States census reports.
Many problems are associated with the use of statistics and the census reports. Procedures changed from decade to decade. Census reporters interpreted their instructions differently. Wherever apparent procedural differences have been observed, they are noted.
The main purpose of this report is to describe quantitatively conditions in Utah, 1870 to 1910, as far as possible from the data selected mainly from the United States census reports. The main areas to be considered are population, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, industry, and railroads.
I would like to extend my appreciation to Professors Joel E. Ricks, J. Duncan Brite, and S. George Ellsworth, of the History faculty of Utah State University, for their assistance and encouragement in preparing this paper.
New Physics in Bs -> J/psi phi: a General Analysis
Creators: name: Chiang, Cheng-Wei
name: Datta, Alakabha
name: Duraisamy, Murugeswaran
name: London, David
name: Nagashima, Makiko
name: Szynkman, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the CDF and D0 collaborations measured indirect CP violation in Bs -> J/psi phi and found a hint of a signal. If taken at face value, this can be interpreted as a nonzero phase of Bs-Bsbar mixing (beta_s), in disagreement with the standard model, which predicts that beta_s ~= 0. In this paper, we argue that this analysis may be incomplete. In particular, there can be new physics (NP) in the bbar -> sbar c cbar decay. If so, the value of beta_s is different than for the case in which NP is assumed to be present only in the mixing. We have examined several models of NP and found that, indeed, there can be significant contributions to the decay. These effects are consistent with measurements in B -> J/psi K* and Bd -> J/psi Ks. Due to the NP in the decay, polarization-dependent indirect CP asymmetries and triple-product asymmetries are predicted in Bs -> J/psi phi.
description: 28 pages, JHEP, no figures. Considerable changes made. Abstract and main text of paper modified to alter presentation. Appendix added. References added. Conclusions unchanged.