cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Residential proximity to major roadways and incident hypertension in post-menopausal women
Creators: name: Coull, Brent A.
name: Eaton, Charles B.
name: Eliot, Melissa N.
name: Wellenius, Gregory A.
name: Johnson, Karen C.
name: Margolis, Helene G.
name: Kingsley, Samantha L.
name: Margolis, Karen L.
name: Whitsel, Eric A.
name: Wang, Yi
name: Wu, Wen-Chih C.
name: Manson, JoAnn E.
name: Hou, Lifang
name: Mu, Lina
name: Allison, Matthew A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Living near major roadways has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, presumably from exposure to elevated levels of traffic-related air and/or noise pollution. This association may potentially be mediated through increased risk of incident hypertension, but results from prior studies are equivocal. Using Cox proportional hazards models we examined residential proximity to major roadways and incident hypertension among 38,360 participants of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Clinical Trial cohorts free of hypertension at enrollment and followed for a median of 7.9 years. Adjusting for participant demographics and lifestyle, trial participation, and markers of individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status, the hazard ratios for incident hypertension were 1.13 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.28), 1.03 (0.95, 1.11), 1.05 (0.99, 1.11), and 1.05 (1.00, 1.10) for participants living ≤50, >50-200, >200-400, and >400-1000 m versus >1000 m from the nearest major roadway, respectively (ptrend=0.013). This association varied substantially by WHI study region with hazard ratios for women living ≤50m from a major roadway of 1.61 (1.18, 2.20) in the West, 1.51 (1.22, 1.87) in the Northeast, 0.89 (0.70, 1.14) in the South, and 0.94 (0.75, 1.19) in the Midwest. In this large, national cohort of post-menopausal women, residential proximity to major roadways was associated with incident hypertension in selected regions of the U.S. If causal, these results suggest residential proximity to major roadways, as a marker for air, noise and other traffic-related pollution, may be a risk factor for hypertension.
Urinary bisphenol A and age at menarche among adolescent girls: Evidence from NHANES 2003–2010
Creators: name: Ghazarian, Armen A.
name: Ellison, Gary L.
name: McGuinn, Laura A.
name: Joseph Su, L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental estrogen used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins used to make food and beverage packaging. Increasing evidence suggests that BPA mimics estrogens in the body and may be associated with putative markers of breast cancer risk.
EVALUATING USER-FRIENDLY DASHBOARDS FOR DRIVERLESS VEHICLES: EVALUATION OF IN-CAR INFOTAINMENT IN TRANSITION
Creators: name: Singh, Aushij
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 460806
subject: Human-computer interaction

description: The automotive industry has experienced significant digitalization in the past three decades, revolutionizing the way we interact with vehicles and enhancing our driving experience. Tech firms worldwide have been investing in autonomous driving technologies, gaining a competitive edge in the market. As our lives become more screen-centric, the demand for advanced in-car user interfaces has increased, leading to a growing focus on enhancing the overall driving experience and integrating seamless connectivity within vehicles. To ensure efficiency and safety, it is essential to design user interfaces that prioritize simplicity and reduce distractions. The autonomous driving capability has been observed across OEMs, making mobility efficient and safe while also being time efficient. Shifting to electric vehicles with autonomous driving aims to reduce emissions and promote electrification. Digitalization has become more prominent in the industry, focusing on user experience and convenience through innovative interfaces. As humans are vulnerable to mistakes, the market is becoming more competitive, with features like instrument clusters, steering wheel controls, and head-up displays (HUD) becoming common in modern vehicles. Advanced technologies like voice recognition and touchscreen interfaces are also becoming popular in the automotive industry, but they must run flawlessly to provide the best user experience. The advent of autonomous driving requires rethinking interface design principles. It investigates the transitions from traditional physical controls to touchscreens and voice commands by analysing the historical development of in-car infotainment systems. It addresses obstacles encountered during this evolution, such as user adaptation to novel interfaces and cognitive burden caused by information overflow. In addition, it examines the specific design considerations for autonomous mode dashboards.
Construction and comparative study of Euler method with adaptive IQ and IMQ-RBFs
Creators: name: Rathan, Samala
name: Shah, Deepit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 41A10, 65L05, 65L12, 65L20

description: The fundamental purpose of the present work is to constitute an enhanced Euler method with adaptive inverse-quadratic and inverse-multi-quadratic radial basis function (RBF) interpolation technique to solve initial value problems. These enhanced methods improve the local convergence of numerical solutions by utilizing a free parameter of radial basis functions. Consistency, convergence, and stability analysis are provided to support our claims for each method. Numerical results show that the accuracy and rate of convergence of each proposed method are the same as the original Euler method or improved by making the local truncation error vanish; thus, the adaptive methods are optimal.
Purification of SLC31A1 from Expi293FTM Cells
Creators: name: David B. Sauer
name: Huanyu Li
name: Sagar Raturi
name: Andreea Scacioc
name: Tina Bohstedt
name: Abilasha Balakrishnan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Protocol

description: This protocol is used to purify the SLC transporter expressed in Expi293FTM Cells using detergent solubilization followed by a series of different chromatographic methods. Depending on the nature of the expression construct and experimental requirements, the GFP tag can be removed using a proteolytic reaction.
Применение различных методов обработки математических моделей при моделировании сушки яблок
Creators: name: Frolov, Dmitry I.
name: Ya.E., Borovkov
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 90805 Food Processing
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: In this article, the artificial neural network model was compared with traditional regression models for drying food materials. High-intensity ultrasound was applied to the processing of apple slices of various thicknesses with amplitudes set at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the maximum. The four most commonly used regression models for drying were selected based on experimental data and their applicability was tested on various sets of experiments. To create a backpropagation neural network, input parameters were used: ultrasound amplitude, sample thickness, and drying temperature. Humidity was the output parameter. After training and testing the networks, a statistical analysis was carried out and the best network was selected. Neural networks showed excellent agreement with the experimental data, regardless of the input parameters obtained in the experiments. In contrast to regression models, which fit perfectly on only one set of experimental data and show inadequate fit for small changes in one or more input parameters.
Drinking water quality governance: A comparative case study of Brazil, Ecuador, and Malawi
Creators: name: Kayser, Georgia L.
name: Bartram, Jamie
name: Dalcanale, Fernanda
name: Bentley, Margaret E.
name: Amjad, Urooj
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Human health is greatly affected by inadequate access to sufficient and safe drinking water, especially in low and middle-income countries. Drinking water governance improvements may be one way to better drinking water quality. Over the past decade, many projects and international organizations have been dedicated to water governance; however, water governance in the drinking water sector is understudied and how to improve water governance remains unclear. We analyze drinking water governance challenges in three countries—Brazil, Ecuador, and Malawi—as perceived by government, service providers, and civil society organizations. A mixed methods approach was used: a clustering model was used for country selection and qualitative semi-structured interviews were used with direct observation in data collection. The clustering model integrated political, economic, social and environmental variables that impact water sector performance, to group countries. Brazil, Ecuador and Malawi were selected with the model so as to enhance the generalizability of the results. This comparative case study is important because similar challenges are identified in the drinking water sectors of each country; while, the countries represent diverse socio-economic and political contexts, and the selection process provides generalizability to our results. We find that access to safe water could be improved if certain water governance challenges were addressed: coordination and data sharing between ministries that deal with drinking water services; monitoring and enforcement of water quality laws; and sufficient technical capacity to improve administrative and technical management of water services at the local level. From an analysis of our field research, we also developed a conceptual framework that identifies policy levers that could be used to influence governance of drinking water quality on national and sub-national levels, and the relationships between these levers.
Airborne Emissions from 1961 to 2004 of Benzo[ a ]pyrene from U.S. Vehicles per km of Travel Based on Tunnel Studies
Creators: name: Gammon, Marilie D.
name: Hatch, Maureen
name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Beyea, Jan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: We identified 13 historical measurements of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in U.S. vehicular traffic tunnels that were either directly presented as tailpipe emission factors in μg per vehicle-kilometer or convertible to such a form. Tunnel measurements capture fleet cruise emissions. Emission factors for benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) for a tunnel fleet operating under cruise conditions were highest prior to the 1980s and fell from more than 30-μg per vehicle-km to approximately 2-μg/km in the 1990s, an approximately 15-fold decline. Total annual U.S. (cruise) emissions of BaP dropped by a lesser factor, because total annual km driven increased by a factor of 2.7 during the period. Other PAH compounds measured in tunnels over the 40-year period (e.g., benzo[ghi]perylene, coronene) showed comparable reduction factors in emissions. PAH declines were comparable to those measured in tunnels for carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, and particulate organic carbon. The historical PAH “source terms” determined from the data are relevant to quantifying the benefits of emissions control technology and can be used in epidemiological studies evaluating the health effects of exposure, such as those undertaken with breast cancer in New York State.Analysis of 13 tunnel studies quantifies the decline since 1961 in benzo[a]pyrene emitted into the air per km of travel by U.S. road vehicles.
Direct Particle-to-Cell Deposition of Coarse Ambient Particulate Matter Increases the Production of Inflammatory Mediators from Cultured Human Airway Epithelial Cells
Creators: name: Dailey, Lisa
name: Walters, Glenn
name: Volckens, John
name: Devlin, Robert B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Exposure of cultured cells to particulate matter air pollution is usually accomplished by collecting particles on a solid matrix, extracting the particles from the matrix, suspending them in liquid, and applying the suspension to cells grown on plastic and submerged in medium. The objective of this work was to develop a more physiologically and environmentally relevant model of air pollutant deposition on cultures of human primary airway epithelial cells. We hypothesize that the toxicology of inhaled particulate matter depends strongly on both the particulate dispersion state and the mode of delivery to cells. Our exposure system employs a combination of unipolar charging and electrostatic force to deposit particles directly from the air onto cells grown at an air-liquid interface in a heated, humidified exposure chamber. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to concentrated, coarse ambient particulate matter in this system expressed increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers at 1 hour following exposure and relative to controls exposed to particle-free air. More importantly, these effects are seen at particulate loadings that are 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than levels applied using traditional in vitro systems.
Explainable Enterprise Credit Rating via Deep Feature Crossing Network
Creators: name: Guo, Weiyu
name: Yang, Zhijiang
name: Wu, Shu
name: Chen, Fu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Due to the powerful learning ability on high-rank and non-linear features, deep neural networks (DNNs) are being applied to data mining and machine learning in various fields, and exhibit higher discrimination performance than conventional methods. However, the applications based on DNNs are rare in enterprise credit rating tasks because most of DNNs employ the "end-to-end" learning paradigm, which outputs the high-rank representations of objects and predictive results without any explanations. Thus, users in the financial industry cannot understand how these high-rank representations are generated, what do they mean and what relations exist with the raw inputs. Then users cannot determine whether the predictions provided by DNNs are reliable, and not trust the predictions providing by such "black box" models. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel network to explicitly model the enterprise credit rating problem using DNNs and attention mechanisms. The proposed model realizes explainable enterprise credit ratings. Experimental results obtained on real-world enterprise datasets verify that the proposed approach achieves higher performance than conventional methods, and provides insights into individual rating results and the reliability of model training.
Modern Space/Time Geostatistics Using River Distances: Data Integration of Turbidity and E. coli Measurements to Assess Fecal Contamination Along the Raritan River in New Jersey
Creators: name: Carter, Gail P.
name: Money, Eric S.
name: Serre, Marc L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Escherichia coli (E.coli) is a widely used indicator of fecal contamination in water bodies. External contact and subsequent ingestion of bacteria coming from fecal contamination can lead to harmful health effects. Since E.coli data are sometimes limited, the objective of this study is to use secondary information in the form of turbidity to improve the assessment of E.coli at un-monitored locations. We obtained all E.coli and turbidity monitoring data available from existing monitoring networks for the 2000 – 2006 time period for the Raritan River Basin, New Jersey. Using collocated measurements we developed a predictive model of E.coli from turbidity data. Using this model, soft data are constructed for E.coli given turbidity measurements at 739 space/time locations where only turbidity was measured. Finally, the Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) method of modern space/time geostatistics was used for the data integration of monitored and predicted E.coli data to produce maps showing E.coli concentration estimated daily across the river basin. The addition of soft data in conjunction with the use of river distances reduced estimation error by about 30%. Furthermore, based on these maps, up to 35% of river miles in the Raritan Basin had a probability of E.coli impairment greater than 90% on the most polluted day of the study period.
Manufacturing and Testing of Accelerator Superconducting Magnets
Creators: name: Rossi, L
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Manufacturing of superconducting magnet for accelerators is a quite complex process that is not yet fully industrialized. In this paper, after a short history of the evolution of the magnet design and construction, we review the main characteristics of the accelerator magnets having an impact on the construction technology. We put in evidence how the design and component quality impact on construction and why the final product calls for a total-quality approach. LHC experience is widely discussed and main lessons are spelled out. Then the new Nb3Sn technology, under development for the next generation magnet construction, is outlined. Finally, we briefly review the testing procedure of accelerator superconducting magnets, underlining the close connection with the design validation and with the manufacturing process.
description: 30 pages, contribution to the CAS-CERN Accelerator School: Superconductivity for Accelerators, Erice, Italy, 24 April - 4 May 2013, edited by R. Bailey
Driving skyrmions with low threshold current density in Pt/CoFeB thin film
Creators: name: Ojha, Brindaban
name: Mallick, Sougata
name: Panigrahy, Sujit Kumar
name: Sharma, Minaxi
name: Thiaville, André
name: Rohart, Stanislas
name: Bedanta, Subhankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic skyrmions are topologically stable spin swirling particle like entities which are appealing for next generation spintronic devices. The expected low critical current density for the motion of skyrmions makes them potential candidates for future energy efficient electronic devices. Several heavy metal/ferromagnetic (HM/FM) systems have been explored in the past decade to achieve faster skyrmion velocity at low current densities. In this context, we have studied Pt/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures in which skyrmions have been stabilized at room temperature (RT). It has been observed that the shape of the skyrmions are perturbed even by the small stray field arising from low moment magnetic tips while performing the magnetic force microscopy (MFM), indicating presence of low pinning landscape in the samples. This hypothesis is indeed confirmed by the low threshold current density to drive the skyrmions in our sample, at velocities of few 10m/s.
Amadeu Torres (Castro Gil), Antologia Literária dos Séculos XVIII e XIX. Edições Humanitas Vol. de 590 pg. 150x210. Braga. Ano lectivo de 1967-1968
Creators: name: B., A. J.
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 1968

description: Theologica, v. 3 n. 1 (1968)
Space/Time Analysis of Fecal Pollution and Rainfall in an Eastern North Carolina Estuary
Creators: name: Serre, Marc L.
name: Noble, Rachel T.
name: Money, Eric S.
name: Coulliette, Angela D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The Newport River Estuary (NPRE) is a high priority shellfish harvesting area in eastern North Carolina (NC) that is impaired due to fecal contamination, specifically exceeding recommended levels for fecal coliforms. A hydrologic-driven mean trend model was developed, as a function of antecedent rainfall, in the NPRE to predict levels of E. coli (EC, measured as a proxy for fecal coliforms). This mean trend model was integrated in a Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) framework to produce informative Space/Time (S/T) maps depicting fecal contamination across the NPRE during winter and summer months. These maps showed that during dry winter months, corresponding to the oyster harvesting season in NC (October 1st to March 30th), predicted EC concentrations were below the shellfish harvesting standard (14 MPN per 100 ml). However, after substantial rainfall 3.81 cm (1.5 inches), the NPRE did not appear to meet this requirement. Warmer months resulted in the predicted EC concentrations exceeding the threshold for the NPRE. Predicted ENT concentrations were generally below the recreational water quality threshold (104 MPN per 100 ml), except for warmer months after substantial rainfall. Once established, this combined approach produces near real-time visual information on which to base water quality management decisions.
title: An investigation of computer based nominal data record linkage
Creators: name: Snae, Chakkrit.
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: The Internet now provides access to vast volumes of nominal data (data associated with names e. g. birth/death records, parish records, text articles, multimedia) collected for a range of different purposes. This research focuses on parish registers containing baptism, marriage, and burial records. Mining these data resources involves linkage investigating as to how two records are related with regards to attributes like surname, spatio-temporal location, legal association and inter-relationships. Furthermore, as well as handling the implicit constraints of nominal data, such a system must also be able to handle automatically a range of temporal and spatial rules and constraints. The research examines the linkage rules that apply and how such rules interact. In this investigation a report is given of the current practices in several disciplines (e. g. history, demography, genealogy, and epidemiology) and how these are implemented in current computer and database systems. The practical aspects of this study, and the workbench approach proposed are centred on the extensive Lancashire & Cheshire Parish Register archive held on the MIMAS database computer located at Manchester University. The research also proposes how these findings can have wider applications. This thesis describes some initial research into this problem. It describes three prototypes of nominal data workbench that allow the specification and examination of several linkage types and discusses the merits of alternative name matching methods, name grouping techniques and method comparisons. The conclusion is that in the cases examined so far, effective nominal data linkage is essentially a query optimisation process. The process is made more efficient if linkage specific indexes exist, and suggests that query re-organization based on these indexes, though a complex process, is entirely feasible. To facilitate the use of indexes and to guide the optimization process, the work suggests the use of formal ontologies.
Bayesian Maximum Entropy Integration of Ozone Observations and Model Predictions: An Application for Attainment Demonstration in North Carolina
Creators: name: Arunachalam, Saravanan
name: Nazelle, Audrey de
name: Serre, Marc L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: States in the USA are required to demonstrate future compliance of criteria air pollutant standards by using both air quality monitors and model outputs. In the case of ozone, the demonstration tests aim at relying heavily on measured values, due to their perceived objectivity and enforceable quality. Weight given to numerical models is diminished by integrating them in the calculations only in a relative sense. For unmonitored locations, the EPA has suggested the use of a spatial interpolation technique to assign current values. We demonstrate that this approach may lead to erroneous assignments of non-attainment and may make it difficult for States to establish future compliance. We propose a method that combines different sources of information to map air pollution, using the Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) Framework. The approach gives precedence to measured values and integrates modeled data as a function of model performance. We demonstrate this approach in North Carolina, using the State’s ozone monitoring network in combination with outputs from the Multiscale Air Quality Simulation Platform (MAQSIP) modeling system. We show that the BME data integration approach, compared to a spatial interpolation of measured data, improves the accuracy and the precision of ozone estimations across the State.
KRADA: Known-region-aware Domain Alignment for Open-set Domain Adaptation in Semantic Segmentation
Creators: name: Zhou, Chenhong
name: Liu, Feng
name: Gong, Chen
name: Zeng, Rongfei
name: Liu, Tongliang
name: Cheung, William K.
name: Han, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In semantic segmentation, we aim to train a pixel-level classifier to assign category labels to all pixels in an image, where labeled training images and unlabeled test images are from the same distribution and share the same label set. However, in an open world, the unlabeled test images probably contain unknown categories and have different distributions from the labeled images. Hence, in this paper, we consider a new, more realistic, and more challenging problem setting where the pixel-level classifier has to be trained with labeled images and unlabeled open-world images -- we name it open-set domain adaptation segmentation (OSDAS). In OSDAS, the trained classifier is expected to identify unknown-class pixels and classify known-class pixels well. To solve OSDAS, we first investigate which distribution that unknown-class pixels obey. Then, motivated by the goodness-of-fit test, we use statistical measurements to show how a pixel fits the distribution of an unknown class and select highly-fitted pixels to form the unknown region in each test image. Eventually, we propose an end-to-end learning framework, known-region-aware domain alignment (KRADA), to distinguish unknown classes while aligning the distributions of known classes in labeled and unlabeled open-world images. The effectiveness of KRADA has been verified on two synthetic tasks and one COVID-19 segmentation task.
description: 18 pages
Width of a satellite knot and its companion
Creators: name: Li, Zhenkun
name: Guo, Qilong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the paper we prove the conjecture by Alexander Zupan that $w(K) \geqslant n^2w(J)$ where w denote the width and $K$ and $J$ are satellite knot and its companion with winding number $n$. Also we proved that for satellite knot with braid pattern, the equality holds.
Effects of Nonionic Surfactant Addition on Populations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria in a Bioreactor Treating Contaminated Soil †
Creators: name: Singleton, David R.
name: Zhu, Hongbo
name: Aitken, Michael D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: We studied the effects of two polyethoxylated nonionic surfactants, Brij 30 and C12E8, on populations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon- (PAH-) degrading bacteria from a bioreactor treating PAH-contaminated soil. Each surfactant was evaluated at doses that corresponded to aqueous-phase concentrations both above and below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) after mixing with reactor slurry. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to quantify 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences representing degraders of salicylate, naphthalene, phenanthrene or pyrene previously identified in the bioreactor community by stable-isotope probing. Sequences representing two groups of organisms associated with degradation of naphthalene and/or salicylate in the bioreactor increased in abundance by more than an order of magnitude after incubation with either surfactant at each dose tested. In contrast, the abundance of a group of uncultivated pyrene-degrading bacteria, whose relative abundance in the soil without surfactant addition was up to 9% of the total 16S rRNA genes, decreased by an order of magnitude or more in the presence of each surfactant at each dose. These results indicate that surfactant addition can have substantial, differential effects on populations of organisms responsible for contaminant degradation within a microbial community.
Neutral chlorine and molecular hydrogen at high redshift
Creators: name: Balashev, S. A.
name: Noterdaeme, P.
name: Klimenko, V. V.
name: Petitjean, P.
name: Srianand, R.
name: Ledoux, C.
name: Ivanchik, A. V.
name: Varshalovich, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chlorine and molecular hydrogen are known to be tightly linked together in the cold phase of the local interstellar medium through rapid chemical reactions. We present here the first systematic study of this relation at high redshifts using H$_2$-bearing damped Ly$α$ systems (DLAs) detected along quasar lines of sight. Using high-resolution spectroscopic data from VLT/UVES and Keck/HIRES, we report the detection of Cl$\,$I in 9 DLAs (including 5 new detections) out of 18 high-$z$ DLAs with $N($H$_2) \ge 10^{17.3}\,$cm$^{-2}$ (including a new H$_2$ detection at $z=3.09145$ towards J$\,$2100$-$0641) and present upper limits for the remaining 9 systems. We find a $\sim$5$\,σ$ correlation between $N$(Cl$\,$I) and $N$(H$_2$) with only $\sim$0.2$\,$dex dispersion over the range 18.1$\,
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A Letters
Current Leads, Links and Buses
Creators: name: Ballarino, A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrical transfer from a room temperature power source to a superconducting system is done via conventional or superconducting current leads and superconducting buses or links. The principles of optimization of these devices are presented, with emphasis on the cryogenic, electrical, and superconductor related aspects that drive choices for a system.
description: 12 pages, contribution to the CAS-CERN Accelerator School: Superconductivity for Accelerators, Erice, Italy, 24 April - 4 May 2013, edited by R. Bailey
Surfactant-Enhanced Desorption and Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Soil
Creators: name: Zhu, Hongbo
name: Aitken, Michael D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: We evaluated two nonionic surfactants, one hydrophobic (Brij 30) and one hydrophilic (C12E8), for their ability to enhance the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated soil after it had been treated in an aerobic bioreactor. The effects of each surfactant were evaluated at doses corresponding to equilibrium aqueous-phase concentrations well above the surfactant’s critical micelle concentration (CMC), slightly above the CMC, and below the CMC. The concentrations of all 3- and 4-ring PAHs were significantly lower in the soil amended with Brij 30 at the two lower doses compared to controls, whereas removal of only the 3-ring PAHs was significantly enhanced at the highest Brij 30 dose. In contrast, C12E8 did not enhance PAH removal at any dose. In the absence of surfactant, <5% of any PAH desorbed from the soil over an 18-d period. Brij 30 addition at the lowest dose significantly increased the desorption of most PAHs, whereas the addition of C12E8 at the lowest dose actually decreased the desorption of all PAHs. These findings suggest that the effects of the two surfactants on PAH biodegradation could be explained by their effects on PAH bioavailability. Overall, this study demonstrates that the properties of the surfactant and its dose relative to the corresponding aqueous-phase concentration are important factors in designing systems for surfactant-enhanced bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soils in which PAH bioavailability is limited.
Large Superconducting Magnet Systems
Creators: name: Védrine, P
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The increase of energy in accelerators over the past decades has led to the design of superconducting magnets for both accelerators and the associated detectors. The use of Nb-Ti superconducting materials allows an increase in the dipole field by up to 10 T compared with the maximum field of 2 T in a conventional magnet. The field bending of the particles in the detectors and generated by the magnets can also be increased. New materials, such as Nb3Sn and high temperature superconductor (HTS) conductors, can open the way to higher fields, in the range 13-20 T. The latest generations of fusion machines producing hot plasma also use large superconducting magnet systems.
description: 25 pages, contribution to the CAS-CERN Accelerator School: Superconductivity for Accelerators, Erice, Italy, 24 April - 4 May 2013, edited by R. Bailey
Fecal Contamination of Shallow Tubewells in Bangladesh Inversely Related to Arsenic
Creators: name: Streatfield, P. Kim
name: Layton, Alice C.
name: Mey, Jacob L.
name: Ferguson, Andrew S.
name: Culligan, Patricia J.
name: Akita, Yasuyuki
name: Wu, Jianyong
name: Yunus, Mohammad
name: Feighery, John
name: McKay, Larry D.
name: Serre, Marc L.
name: Knappett, Peter
name: Mailloux, Brian J.
name: Alam, Md. Jahangir
name: Emch, Michael
name: Escamilla, Veronica
name: Ahmed, Kazi Matin
name: van Geen, Alexander
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The health risks of As exposure due to the installation of millions of shallow tubewells in the Bengal Basin are known, but fecal contamination of shallow aquifers has not systematically been examined. This could be a source of concern in densely populated areas with poor sanitation because the hydraulic travel time from surface water bodies to shallow wells that are low in As was previously shown to be considerably shorter than for shallow wells that are high in As. In this study, 125 tubewells 6−36 m deep were sampled in duplicate for 18 months to quantify the presence of the fecal indicator Escherichia coli. On any given month, E. coli was detected at levels exceeding 1 most probable number per 100 mL in 19−64% of all shallow tubewells, with a higher proportion typically following periods of heavy rainfall. The frequency of E. coli detection averaged over a year was found to increase with population surrounding a well and decrease with the As content of a well, most likely because of downward transport of E. coli associated with local recharge. The health implications of higher fecal contamination of shallow tubewells, to which millions of households in Bangladesh have switched in order to reduce their exposure to As, need to be evaluated.Shallow tubewells in Bangladesh that are low in As are more susceptible to fecal contamination than shallow wells that are high in As.
Globale Sicherheit. Sind vom Weltsozialgipfel in Kopenhagen konkrete Ergebnisse zu erwarten?
Creators: name: Foitzik, Alexander
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 49 Nr. 3 (1995): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 49, Heft 3
Water lifting and outflow gain of kinetic energy in tropical cyclones
Creators: name: Makarieva, Anastassia M.
name: Gorshkov, Victor G.
name: Nefiodov, Andrei V.
name: Chikunov, Alexander V.
name: Sheil, Douglas
name: Nobre, Antonio Donato
name: Nobre, Paulo
name: Plunien, Günter
name: Molina, Ruben D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While water lifting plays a recognized role in the global atmospheric power budget, estimates for this role in tropical cyclones vary from no effect to a major reduction in storm intensity. To better assess this impact, here we consider the work output of an infinitely narrow thermodynamic cycle with two streamlines connecting the top of the boundary layer in the vicinity of maximum wind (without assuming gradient-wind balance) to an arbitrary level in the inviscid free troposphere. The reduction of a storm's maximum wind speed due to water lifting is found to decline with increasing efficiency of the cycle and is about 5% for maximum observed Carnot efficiencies. In the steady-state cycle, there is an extra heat input associated with the warming of precipitating water. The corresponding positive extra work is of an opposite sign and several times smaller than that due to water lifting. We also estimate the gain of kinetic energy in the outflow region. Contrary to previous assessments, this term is found to be large when the outflow radius is small (comparable to the radius of maximum wind). Using our framework, we show that Emanuel's maximum potential intensity (E-PI) corresponds to a cycle where total work equals work performed at the top of the boundary layer (net work in the free troposphere is zero). This constrains a dependence between the outflow temperature and heat input at the point of maximum wind, but does not constrain the radial pressure gradient. We outline the implications of the established patterns for assessing real storms.
description: Revised resubmission to the Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. Reply to the first and third reviewers can be found in the Appendix. 35 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables
Recovery of Phenanthrene-Degrading Bacteria after Simulated in Situ Persulfate Oxidation in Contaminated Soil
Creators: name: Richardson, Stephen D.
name: Miller, Cass T.
name: Lebron, Benjamin L.
name: Aitken, Michael D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: A continuous-flow column study was conducted to investigate the long-term effects of persulfate oxidation on the abundance and activity of the indigenous microbial community and phenanthrene-degrading bacteria in contaminated soil from a former manufactured gas plant (MGP) site. Approximately six pore volumes of a 20 g/L persulfate solution were introduced into the column, followed by simulated groundwater for 500 d. Soil samples were collected from the surface of the soil bed and along the column length immediately before and after persulfate injection and up to 500 d following injection. Exposure to persulfate led to a two- to three-log reduction in total bacterial 16S rRNA genes, severe inhibition of 14C-acetate mineralization (as a measure of general microbial activity), and a decrease in community diversity. However, relatively rapid recovery of both bacterial gene abundance and activity was observed within 30 d after persulfate exposure. Mineralization of 14C-phenanthrene was also inhibited but did not recover until 100 d post-oxidation. Known phenanthrene-degrading bacterial groups decreased to below detection limits throughout the column, with recovery times from 100 d to 500 d after persulfate injection. These findings suggest that coupling biological processes with persulfate oxidation is possible, although recovery of specific contaminant degraders may occur much later than the general microbial community recovers. Furthermore, the use of total bacterial quantity or non-specific measures of activity as a surrogate for the recovery of contaminant degraders may be inappropriate for evaluating the compatibility of chemical treatment with subsequent bioremediation.
Purification of SLC25A37 from Expi293FTM Cells
Creators: name: David B. Sauer
name: Huanyu Li
name: Sagar Raturi
name: Andreea Scacioc
name: Tina Bohstedt
name: Abilasha Balakrishnan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Protocol

description: This protocol is used to purify the SLC transporter expressed in Expi293FTM Cells using detergent solubilization followed by a series of different chromatographic methods. Depending on the nature of the expression construct and experimental requirements, the GFP tag can be removed using a proteolytic reaction.
The GATERS Project – An Innovative way of retrofitting ships for greener and safer operations
Creators: name: Aktas, Batuhan
name: Atlar, Mehmet
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 91102 Naval Architecture
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: This paper presents the first-year activities of the H2020 Innovation Action project GATERS for greener propulsion of ships using an innovative retrofit energy-saving and steering device, the Gate Rudder System (GRS). One of the project’s main aims is to retrofit a target coastal vessel with a GRS for the first time and demonstrate its effectiveness. The target vessel is the existing 6400 DWT general cargo ship (MV Erge), currently fitted with a high-lift conventional rudder system (CRS), which a retrofit GRS will replace in GATERS as one of the project aims. This paper provides a background of GRS technology and the project motivation, including a brief project overview. The details of the retrofit task involving the design of the main GRS components and estimated power-saving are also reported in the paper. The vessel is scheduled to be retrofitted in December 2022 for demonstration and further performance monitoring.
Anstöße. Ostdeutsches Memorandum "Minderheit mit Zukunft"
Creators: name: Ruh, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 49 Nr. 3 (1995): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 49, Heft 3
Case Studies on Superconducting Magnets for Particle Accelerators
Creators: name: Ferracin, P
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During the CERN Accelerator School 'Superconductivity for accelerators', the students were divided into 18 groups, and 6 different exercises (case studies), involving the design and analysis of superconducting magnets and RF cavities, were assigned. The problems covered a broad spectrum of topics, from properties of superconducting materials to operation conditions and general dimensions of components. The work carried out by the students turned out to be an extremely useful opportunity to review the material explained during the lectures, to become familiar with the orders of magnitude of the key parameters, and to understand and compare different design options. We provide in this paper a summary of the activities related to the case studies on superconducting magnets and present the main outcomes.
description: 5 pages, contribution to the CAS-CERN Accelerator School: Superconductivity for Accelerators, Erice, Italy, 24 April - 4 May 2013, edited by R. Bailey
Zerrissen. Erlebt die katholische Kirche eine Krise des Bischofsamtes?
Creators: name: Nientiedt, Klaus
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 49 Nr. 3 (1995): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 49, Heft 3
Normalized Berkovich spaces and surface singularities
Creators: name: Fantini, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define normalized versions of Berkovich spaces over a trivially valued field $k$, obtained as quotients by the action of $\mathbb R_{>0}$ defined by rescaling semivaluations. We associate such a normalized space to any special formal $k$-scheme and prove an analogue of Raynaud's theorem, characterizing categorically the spaces obtained in this way. This construction yields a locally ringed $G$-topological space, which we prove to be $G$-locally isomorphic to a Berkovich space over the field $k((t))$ with a $t$-adic valuation. These spaces can be interpreted as non-archimedean models for the links of the singularities of $k$-varieties, and allow to study the birational geometry of $k$-varieties using techniques of non-archimedean geometry available only when working over a field with non-trivial valuation. In particular, we prove that the structure of the normalized non-archimedean links of surface singularities over an algebraically closed field $k$ is analogous to the structure of non-archimedean analytic curves over $k((t))$, and deduce characterizations of the essential and of the log essential valuations, i.e. those valuations whose center on every resolution (respectively log resolution) of the given surface is a divisor.
description: Several corrections and improvements. New result added, Theorem 10.8, proving a characterization of essential valuations. 51 pages. To appear in Transactions of the AMS
The earliest diamond of finite type in Nottingham algebras
Creators: name: Avitabile, Marina
name: Mattarei, Sandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove several structural results on Nottingham algebras, a class of infinite-dimensional, modular, graded Lie algebras, which includes the graded Lie algebra associated to the Nottingham group with respect to its lower central series. Homogeneous components of a Nottingham algebra have dimension one or two, and in the latter case they are called diamonds. The first diamond occurs in degree $1$, and the second occurs in degree $q$, a power of the characteristic. Each diamond past the second is assigned a type, which either belongs to the underlying field or is $\infty$. Nottingham algebras with a variety of diamond patterns are known. In particular, some have diamonds of both finite and infinite type. We prove that each of those known examples is uniquely determined by a certain finite-dimensional quotient. Finally, we determine how many diamonds of type $\infty$ may precede the earliest diamond of finite type in an arbitrary Nottingham algebra.
description: 30 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2011.05491
of The effect of postal questionnaire burden on response rate and answer patterns following admission to intensive care: a randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Hatch, Robert
name: Young, Duncan
name: Barber, Vicki
name: Harrison, David
name: Watkinson, Peter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: of The effect of postal questionnaire burden on response rate and answer patterns following admission to intensive care: a randomised controlled trial
of Hypermethylation and loss of retinoic acid receptor responder 1 expression in human choriocarcinoma
Creators: name: H. Huebner
name: R. Strick
name: D. Wachter
name: S. Kehl
name: P. Strissel
name: R. Schneider-Stock
name: A. Hartner
name: W. Rascher
name: L. Horn
name: M. Beckmann
name: M. Ruebner
name: F. Fahlbusch
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: of Hypermethylation and loss of retinoic acid receptor responder 1 expression in human choriocarcinoma