cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Controlled gel expansion through colloid oscillation
Creators: name: Kusters, Guido L. A.
name: Storm, Cornelis
name: van der Schoot, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the behaviour of a single colloid embedded in a cross-linked polymer gel, immersed in a viscous background fluid. External fields actuate the particle into a periodic motion, which deforms the embedding matrix and creates a local micro-cavity, containing the particle and any free volume created by its motion. This cavity exists only as long as the particle is actuated and, when present, reduces the local density of the material, leading to swelling. We show that the model exhibits rich resonance features, but is overall characterised by clear scaling laws at low and high driving frequencies, and a pronounced resonance at intermediate frequencies. Our model predictions suggest that both the magnitude and position of the resonance can be varied by varying the material's elastic modulus or cross-linking density, whereas the local viscosity primarily has a dampening effect. Our work implies appreciable free-volume generation is possible by dispersing a collection of colloids in the medium, even at the level of a simple superposition approximation.
Pellet fuelling with edge-localised modes controlled by external magnetic perturbations in MAST
Creators: name: Valovic, M
name: Garzotti, L
name: Gurl, C
name: Kirk, A
name: Dunai, D
name: Field, A R
name: Lupelli, I
name: Naylor, G
name: Thornton, A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fuelling of plasmas by shallow frozen pellets with simultaneous mitigation of edge localised modes (ELM) by external magnetic perturbation is demonstrated on the MAST tokamak. Post-pellet particle loss is dominated by ELMs and inter-ELM gas fuelling. It is shown that the size of post-pellet ELMs can be controlled by external magnetic perturbations. Post-pellet ELMs remove particles from the large part of pellet deposition zone including the area with positive density gradient. The mechanism explaining this peculiarity of particle loss is suggested.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article submitted for publication in Nuclear Fusion. IOP Publishing Ltd and IAEA are not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it
Intrinsic Layer-Polarized Anomalous Hall Effect in Bilayer MnBi2Te4
Creators: name: Peng, Rui
name: Zhang, Ting
name: He, Zhonglin
name: Wu, Qian
name: Dai, Ying
name: Huang, Baibiao
name: Ma, Yandong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Layer-polarized anomalous Hall effect (LP-AHE) is an attractive phenomenon in condensed-matter physics from the standpoints of both fundamental interest and device applications. The current LP-AHE research is based on the extrinsic paradigm of using external electric fields, in which the generation and control of LP-AHE are not straightforward. Here, we propose a novel mechanism that realizes intrinsic LP-AHE in bilayer lattices, through the mediation of sliding physics and Berry curvature. Moreover, this mechanism could render the LP-AHE in a controllable and reversable fashion. We analyze the symmetry requirements for a system to host such intrinsic LP-AHE. Its validity is further demonstrated in a real material of bilayer MnBi2Te4. By stacking with broken inversion symmetry, the layer-locked Berry curvature enables the intrinsic LP-AHE in bilayer MnBi2Te4, and the switchable control of its LP-AHE is achieved by sliding ferroelectricity. Our work opens a significant new direction for LP-AHE and two-dimensional (2D) materials research.
The latest T2K neutrino oscillation results
Creators: name: Haegel, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: T2K is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment taking data since 2010. A neutrino beam is produced at the J-PARC accelerator in Japan and is sampled at a Near Detector complex 280 m from the neutrino production point and at the far detector, Super-Kamiokande, located 295 km from the source. Beams predominantly composed of muon neutrinos or muon anti-neutrinos have been produced by changing the currents in the magnetic focusing horns. This presentation will show the most recent T2K oscillation results obtained from a combined analysis of the entire available data set in the muon neutrino and muon anti-neutrino disappearance channels, and in the electron neutrino and electron anti-neutrino appearance channels. The data cover runs 1 to 8 (2010 to 2017) and consist of $7.252 \cdot 10^{20}$ POT in neutrino mode and $7.531 \cdot 10^{20}$ POT in antineutrino mode. Using these data, we measure four oscillations parameters: $\sin^2 θ_{23}$, $\sin^2 θ_{13}$, $Δm_{32}^2$ and $δ_{CP}$. The analysis excludes CP-conservation in the neutrino sector at 90\% C.L.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, proceeding of the EPS-HEP 2017 conference
Using cognitive psychology to understand GPT-3
Creators: name: Binz, Marcel
name: Schulz, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study GPT-3, a recent large language model, using tools from cognitive psychology. More specifically, we assess GPT-3's decision-making, information search, deliberation, and causal reasoning abilities on a battery of canonical experiments from the literature. We find that much of GPT-3's behavior is impressive: it solves vignette-based tasks similarly or better than human subjects, is able to make decent decisions from descriptions, outperforms humans in a multi-armed bandit task, and shows signatures of model-based reinforcement learning. Yet we also find that small perturbations to vignette-based tasks can lead GPT-3 vastly astray, that it shows no signatures of directed exploration, and that it fails miserably in a causal reasoning task. These results enrich our understanding of current large language models and pave the way for future investigations using tools from cognitive psychology to study increasingly capable and opaque artificial agents.
Improved Measurements of Galaxy Star Formation Stochasticity from the Intrinsic Scatter of Burst Indicators
Creators: name: Broussard, Adam
name: Gawiser, Eric
name: Iyer, Kartheik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of short-timescale star formation variations (i.e., "burstiness") are integral to our understanding of star formation feedback mechanisms and the assembly of stellar populations in galaxies. We expand upon the work of Broussard et al. (2019) by introducing a new analysis of galaxy star formation burstiness that accounts for variations in the $Q_{sg}=\mathrm{E(B-V)_{stars}}/\mathrm{E(B-V)_{gas}}$ distribution, a major confounding factor. We use Balmer decrements from the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) survey to measure $Q_{sg}$, which we use to construct mock catalogs from the Santa Cruz Semi-Analytic Models and Mufasa cosmological hydrodynamical simulation based on 3D-HST, Fiber Multi-Object Spectrograph (FMOS)-COSMOS, and MOSDEF galaxies with H$α$ detections. The results of the mock catalogs are compared against observations using the burst indicator $η= \log_{10}(\mathrm{SFR_{Hα}/SFR_{NUV}})$, with the standard deviation of the $η$ distribution indicating burstiness. We find decent agreement between mock and observed $η$ distribution shapes; however, the FMOS-COSMOS and MOSDEF mocks show a systematically low median and scatter in $η$ in comparison to the observations. This work also presents the novel approach of analytically deriving the relationship between the intrinsic scatter in $η$, scatter added by measurement uncertainties, and observed scatter, resulting in an intrinsic burstiness measurement of $0.06-0.16$ dex.
description: 17 pages, 6 Figures, 3 Tables; Submitted to ApJ
Examining Parenting in the Neighborhood Context: A Review
Creators: name: Sterrett, Emma
name: Jones, Deborah J.
name: Cuellar, Jessica
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Positive parenting behavior is a robust predictor of child and adolescent psychosocial adjustment; however, contextual factors that relate to parenting itself are not well understood. This limited understanding is, in part, related to the fact that although theories have been put forth to explain the link between ecological context and parenting, there has been little integration of key concepts across these theories or empirical examination to determine their soundness. This review aims to begin to fill this gap by focusing on one contextual influence on parenting in particular, neighborhood context. Specifically, this review utilizes three constructs to provide a framework for integrating and organizing the literature on parenting within the neighborhood context: Danger (capturing crime and concerns for safety), Disadvantage (assessing the absence of institutional and economic resources), and Disengagement (noting the absence of positive social processes in the community). Findings from this review suggest evidence for an association between neighborhood context and positive parenting. Yet these results appear to vary, at least to some extent, depending on which neighborhood construct is examined, the way positive parenting is assessed, and specific sample demographics, including family income and youth gender and age. Findings from this review not only summarize the research to date on neighborhood and parenting, but provide a foundation for future basic and applied work in this area.
Properties of the Boltzmann equation in the classical approximation
Creators: name: Epelbaum, Thomas
name: Gelis, Francois
name: Tanji, Naoto
name: Wu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Boltzmann equation with elastic point-like scalar interactions in two different versions of the the classical approximation. Although solving numerically the Boltzmann equation with the unapproximated collision term poses no problem, this allows one to study the effect of the ultraviolet cutoff in these approximations. This cutoff dependence in the classical approximations of the Boltzmann equation is closely related to the non-renormalizability of the classical statistical approximation of the underlying quantum field theory. The kinetic theory setup that we consider here allows one to study in a much simpler way the dependence on the ultraviolet cutoff, since one has also access to the non-approximated result for comparison.
description: 37 pages, 21 figures
Helping the Noncompliant Child: An Assessment of Program Costs and Cost-Effectiveness
Creators: name: Forehand, Rex L.
name: Cuellar, Jessica
name: Khavjou, Olga A.
name: Jones, Deborah J.
name: Honeycutt, Amanda A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) in children can lead to delinquency in adolescence and antisocial behavior in adulthood. Several evidence-based behavioral parent training (BPT) programs have been created to treat early onset DBD. This paper focuses on one such program, Helping the Noncompliant Child (HNC), and provides detailed cost estimates from a recently completed pilot study for the HNC program. The study also assesses the average cost-effectiveness of the HNC program by combining program cost estimates with data on improvements in child participants’ disruptive behavior. The cost and effectiveness estimates are based on implementation of HNC with low-income families. Investigators developed a Microsoft Excel-based costing instrument to collect data from therapists on their time spent delivering the HNC program. The instrument was designed using an activity-based costing approach, where each therapist reported program time by family, by date, and for each skill that the family was working to master. Combining labor and non-labor costs, it is estimated that delivering the HNC program costs an average of $501 per family from a payer perspective. It also costs an average of $13 to improve the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory intensity score by 1 point for children whose families participated in the HNC pilot program. The cost of delivering the HNC program appears to compare favorably with the costs of similar BPT programs. These cost estimates are the first to be collected systematically and prospectively for HNC. Program managers may use these estimates to plan for the resources needed to fully implement HNC.
Professionalität in der Sozialhilfe: Ausgebildete Sozialarbeitende und Quereinsteigende zwischen angewandter Berufsethik und Gesetzesanwendung: Eine Qualitative Forschung über die Zusammenarbeit in der wirtschaftlichen Sozialhilfe im Kanton Aargau
Creators: name: Janz, Pascal
Publisher: name: Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit
Year: 2024

description: Die Zusammenarbeit von ausgebildeten Sozialarbeitenden und Quereinsteigenden ist in der Sozialhilfe zum Alltag geworden. Nur knapp die Hälfte aller Mitarbeitenden im Sozialbereich verfügt über eine adäquate Ausbildung. Der Sozialen Arbeit fehlt ein Titelschutz, was dazu führt, dass sich alle Personen als Sozialarbeiter*in bezeichnen dürfen und für Dritte nicht erkennbar ist, wer qualifiziert ist und wer nicht. Die vorliegende Arbeit beleuchtet diesen Umstand im Kontext der wirtschaftlichen Sozialhilfe im Kanton Aargau. Die föderalistische Struktur der Sozialhilfe kennt kein Bundesrahmengesetz und jeder Kanton entscheidet selbst, ob und welche Anforderungen an das Fachpersonal gestellt werden. Der Kanton Aargau hat diesbezüglich keine Richtlinien und überlässt diese Verantwortung den Gemeinden. Das Ziel der qualitativen Forschung liegt darin, Hindernisse und positive Aspekte in der Zusammenarbeit von Quereinsteigenden und ausgebildeten Sozialarbeitenden zu beleuchten. Dazu werden die geltenden rechtlichen Grundlagen, die methodischen Elemente der Sozialhilfe sowie die berufsethischen Aspekte herangezogen. Die Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass Quereinsteigende gerade bei ethischen Leitlinien ein Defizit zu haben scheinen. Dieser Umstand zeigt sich in fehlenden gemeinsamen Wertehaltungen und kann im Extremfall dazu führen, dass ausgebildetes Fachpersonal kündigt. Die Quereinsteigenden aus der Sozialhilfe zu verbannen ist jedoch der falsche Ansatz. Diese und weitere Erkenntnisse münden in konkreten Handlungsansätzen für die Soziale Arbeit, um die Profession zu stärken und den vulnerablen Adressat*innen der Sozialen Arbeit eine bestmögliche Unterstützung gewähren zu können.
description: + Code Diss LU: hslusa basa be + Fussnote: Bachelor-Arbeit, Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit, Studienrichtung Sozialarbeit, 2024 + NL-Code: NLLUHSA202409
On the past-completeness of inflationary spacetimes
Creators: name: Lesnefsky, J. E.
name: Easson, D. A.
name: Davies, P. C. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the question of whether or not inflationary spacetimes can be geodesically complete in the infinite past. Geodesic completeness is a necessary condition for averting an initial singularity during eternal inflation. It is frequently argued that cosmological models which are expanding sufficiently fast (having average Hubble expansion rate $H_{avg}>0$) must be incomplete in null and timelike past directions. This well-known conjecture relies on specific bounds on the integral of the Hubble parameter over a past-directed timelike or null geodesic. As stated, we show this claim is an open issue. We show that the calculation of $H_{avg}$ yields a continuum of results for a given spacetime predicated upon the underlying topological assumptions. We present an improved definition for $H_{avg}$ and introduce an uncountably infinite cohort of cosmological solutions which are geodesically complete despite having $H_{avg}>0$. We discuss a standardized definition for inflationary spacetimes as well as quantum (semi-classical) cosmological concerns over physically reasonable scale factors.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, significant revisions, matches version to appear in PRD
Neutron stars in degenerate higher-order scalar-tensor theories
Creators: name: Boumaza, Hamza
name: Langlois, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study neutron star configurations in a simple shift-symmetric subfamily of degenerate higher-order scalar-tensor (DHOST) theories, whose deviations from General Relativity (GR) are characterized by a single parameter. We compute the radial profiles of neutron stars in these theories of modified gravity, using several realistic equations of state for the neutron star matter. We find neutron stars with masses and radii significantly larger than their GR counterparts. We then consider slowly-rotating solutions and determine the relation between the dimensionless moment of inertia and the compactness, relation that has the property to be almost insensitive to the equation of state.
The Physics of Gamma-Ray Bursts and Relativistic Jets
Creators: name: Kumar, Pawan
name: Zhang, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a comprehensive review of major developments in our understanding of gamma-ray bursts, with particular focus on the discoveries made within the last fifteen years when their true nature was uncovered. We describe the observational properties of photons from the radio to multi-GeV bands, both in the prompt emission and the afterglow phases. Mechanisms for the generation of these photons in GRBs are discussed and confronted with observations to shed light on the physical properties of these explosions, their progenitor stars and the surrounding medium. After presenting observational evidence that a powerful, collimated, jet moving at close to the speed of light is produced in these explosions, we describe our current understanding regarding the generation, acceleration, and dissipation of the jet and compare these properties with jets associated with AGNs and pulsars. We discuss mounting observational evidence that long duration GRBs are produced when massive stars die, and that at least some short duration bursts are associated with old, roughly solar mass, compact stars. The question of whether a black-hole or a strongly magnetized, rapidly rotating neutron star is produced in these explosions is also discussed. We provide a brief summary of what we have learned about relativistic collisionless shocks and particle acceleration from GRB afterglow studies, and discuss the current understanding of radiation mechanism during the prompt emission phase. We discuss theoretical predictions of possible high-energy neutrino emission from GRBs and the current observational constraints. Finally, we discuss how these explosions may be used to study cosmology, e.g. star formation, metal enrichment, reionization history, as well as the formation of first stars and galaxies in the universe.
description: 251 pages, to be published in Physics Reports
Maternal HIV Illness and its Impact on Children’s Well-being and Development in Haiti
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Joia S.
name: Scanlan, Fiona
name: Conserve, Donaldson F.
name: Surkan, Pamela J.
name: Louis, Ermaze
name: Oswald, Catherine M.
name: Eustache, Eddy
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Little is known about the impact of parental HIV illness on children’s well-being and development in the island nations of the Caribbean. Study objectives were to examine mothers’ experiences of impact of HIV illness on their children’s well-being and development in Haiti. Baseline interviews were conducted between 2006 and 2007 with 25 HIV-positive mothers as part of a larger study that examined the feasibility of a psychosocial support group intervention for HIV-affected youth and their caregivers in central Haiti. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded for topical themes by two investigators. Main themes related to impact of maternal HIV illness on children’s well-being were the lack of mothers’ physical strength to take care of their children, and their difficulties in providing housing and food for their children. Children’s school enrollment, attendance, and performance were also affected by their mother’s illness. Mothers reported that although their children were HIV-negative, children were distressed by HIV-related stigma that they and their mothers experienced. Findings suggest that children living in HIV-affected families in this region face disadvantages in nutritional, educational, and psychological outcomes. These considerations should be taken into account when designing interventions to support children living in HIV-affected families in this setting.
Impact of 3D curvature on the polarization orientation in non-Ising domain walls
Creators: name: Acevedo-Salas, Ulises
name: Croes, Boris
name: Zhang, Yide
name: Cregut, Olivier
name: Dorkenoo, Kokou Dodzi
name: Kirbus, Benjamin
name: Singh, Ekta
name: Beccard, Henrik
name: Rüsing, Michael
name: Eng, Lukas M.
name: Hertel, Riccardo
name: Eliseev, Eugene A.
name: Morozovska, Anna N.
name: Cherifi-Hertel, Salia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ferroelectric domain boundaries are quasi-two-dimensional functional interfaces with high prospects for nanoelectronic applications. Despite their reduced dimensionality, they can exhibit complex non-Ising polarization configurations and unexpected physical properties. Here, the impact of the three-dimensional (3D) curvature on the polarization profile of nominally uncharged 180° domain walls in LiNbO3 is studied using second-harmonic generation microscopy and 3D polarimetry analysis. Correlations between the domain wall curvature and the variation of its internal polarization unfold in the form of modulations of the Néel-like character, which we attribute to the flexoelectric effect. While the Néel-like character originates mainly from the tilting of the domain wall, the internal polarization adjusts its orientation due to the synergetic upshot of dipolar and monopolar bound charges and their variation with the 3D curvature. Our results show that curved interfaces in solid crystals may offer a rich playground for tailoring nanoscale polar states.
description: 35 pages, 4 figures and Supporting Information
Physically Abused Children’s Adjustment at the Transition to School: Child, Parent, and Family Factors
Creators: name: Haskett, Mary E.
name: Carmody, Karen Appleyard
name: Rose, Roderick A.
name: Loehman, Jessisca
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Childhood physical abuse predicts emotional/behavioral, self-regulatory, and social problems. Yet factors from multiple ecological levels contribute to children’s adjustment. The purpose of this study was to examine the degree to which the social-emotional adjustment of physically abused children in first grade would be predicted by a set of child-, parent-, and family-level predictors in kindergarten. Drawing on a short-term longitudinal study of 92 physically abused children and their primary caregivers, the current study used linear regression to examine early childhood child (i.e., gender, IQ, child perceptions of maternal acceptance), parent (i.e., parental mental health), and family relationship (i.e., sensitive parenting, hostile parenting, family conflict) factors as predictors of first grade internalizing and externalizing symptomatology, emotion dysregulation, and negative peer interactions. We used a multi-method, multi-informant approach to measuring predictors and children’s adjustment. Internalizing symptomatology was significantly predicted by child IQ, parental mental health, and family conflict. Externalizing symptomatology and emotion dysregulation were predicted by child IQ. Although a large proportion of variance in measures of adjustment was accounted for by the set of predictors, few individual variables were unique predictors of child adjustment. Variability in the predictors of adjustment for physically abused children underscores the need for individualized treatment approaches.
Trace Expressions and Associated Limits for Non-Equilibrium Casimir Torque
Creators: name: Strekha, Benjamin
name: Molesky, Sean
name: Chao, Pengning
name: Krüger, Matthias
name: Rodriguez, Alejandro W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We exploit fluctuational electrodynamics to present trace expressions for the torque experienced by arbitrary objects in a passive, non-absorbing, rotationally invariant background environment. Specializing to a single object, this formalism, together with recently developed techniques for calculating bounds via Lagrange duality, is then used to derive limits on the maximum Casimir torque that a single object with an isotropic electric susceptibility can experience when out of equilibrium with its surrounding environment. The maximum torque achievable at any wavelength is shown to scale in proportion to body volumes in both subwavelength (quasistatics) and macroscopic (ray optics) settings, and come within an order of magnitude of achievable torques on topology optimized bodies. Finally, we discuss how to extend the formalism to multiple bodies, deriving expressions for the torque experienced by two subwavelength particles in proximity to one another.
The Effect of Teach One Reach One (TORO) on Youth Acceptance of Couple Violence
Creators: name: Dave, Gaurav
name: Adimora, Adaora A.
name: Corbie-Smith, Giselle
name: Ritchwood, Tiarney D.
name: Akers, Aletha Y.
name: Albritton, Tashuna
name: Carthron, Dana
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: This study evaluated the impact of the Teach One Reach One intervention, a community-based participatory research project designed to address the co-occurrence of adolescent risk behaviors on acceptance of teen dating violence. Data were derived from 331 rural African American youth between 10–14 years of age who participated in caregiver-youth dyads as either: 1) peer lay health advisor dyads, or Ambassadors, 2) caregiver-youth dyads recruited by Ambassadors, or Allies, or 3) comparison dyads. The following study focuses on participating youth only and our results indicated that: 1) Ambassadors and Allies reported less acceptance of couple violence than youth within the comparison group, and 2) less family cohesion, greater family conflict, and greater knowledge of healthy dating behaviors predicted greater acceptance of couple violence. Our findings highlight the efficaciousness of the TORO intervention, which directly engaged participants in prevention efforts through community-based participatory research methods and the use of lay heath advisors.
Vertrauenspersonen bei fremdplatzierten Kindern und Jugendlichen: Eine quantitative Forschungsarbeit
Creators: name: Huber, Linda
name: Reusser, Maya
name: Urech, Saba
Publisher: name: Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit
Year: 2024

description: Der Artikel 1a Abs. 2 lit. b der Verordnung über die Aufnahme von Pflegekindern (PAVO) wurde am 1. Januar 2013 im Zuge der Revision der PAVO schweizweit eingeführt. Dieser Artikel besagt, dass die Kindesschutzbehörden in der Schweiz verpflichtet sind, jedem fremdplatzierten Kind und jeder jugendlichen Person eine Vertrauensperson zur Seite zu stellen. Die PAVO ist ein bedeutsamer Teil des Kindesschutzes und die Einführung von Vertrauenspersonen soll diesen Umstand akzentuieren. Die Vertrauenspersonen sollen sicherstellen, dass die Kinderrechte und das Wohl der Kinder durch ein Unterstützungssystem ausserhalb des Pflegesystems gewahrt und gesichert werden können.

Durch eine schweizweite, quantitative Umfrage vergleichen die Autorinnen die Praxis der Kindesschutzbehörden und zusätzlich wird die Praxis in den Nachbarländern Deutschland und Österreich genauer betrachtet. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sollen dazu beitragen, überkantonale, relevante Daten zu sammeln, um aufzuzeigen, welche Veränderungen und Anpassungen es braucht, um Mindeststandards zum Wohl der betroffenen Kinder und Jugendlichen zu definieren. Die Ergebnisse der Erhebung können dazu beitragen, die Kindesschutzbehörden bei der Umsetzung der Verordnung zu unterstützen, Strategien zu entwickeln, den Ablauf zu verbessern und den Bedürfnissen der Kinder und Jugendlichen besser gerecht zu werden.
description: + Code Diss LU: hslusa basa be + Fussnote: Bachelor-Arbeit, Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit, Studienrichtung Sozialarbeit, 2024 + NL-Code: NLLUHSA202409
The Quenching of the Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies in the Reionization Era
Creators: name: Brown, Thomas M.
name: Tumlinson, Jason
name: Geha, Marla
name: Simon, Joshua D.
name: Vargas, Luis C.
name: VandenBerg, Don A.
name: Kirby, Evan N.
name: Kalirai, Jason S.
name: Avila, Roberto J.
name: Gennaro, Mario
name: Ferguson, Henry C.
name: Munoz, Ricardo R.
name: Guhathakurta, Puragra
name: Renzini, Alvio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new constraints on the star formation histories of six ultra-faint dwarf galaxies: Bootes I, Canes Venatici II, Coma Berenices, Hercules, Leo IV, and Ursa Major I. Our analysis employs a combination of high-precision photometry obtained with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope, medium-resolution spectroscopy obtained with the DEep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph on the W.M. Keck Observatory, and updated Victoria-Regina isochrones tailored to the abundance patterns appropriate for these galaxies. The data for five of these Milky Way satellites are best fit by a star formation history where at least 75% of the stars formed by z~10 (13.3 Gyr ago). All of the galaxies are consistent with 80% of the stars forming by z~6 (12.8 Gyr ago) and 100% of the stars forming by z~3 (11.6 Gyr ago). The similarly ancient populations of these galaxies support the hypothesis that star formation in the smallest dark matter sub-halos was suppressed by a global outside influence, such as the reionization of the universe.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. 13 pages, 5 color and 3 grayscale figures, 2 tables
Nonlinear clogging of a rectangular slit by a spherical soft particle
Creators: name: Moore, Charles Paul
name: Husson, Julien
name: Boudaoud, Arezki
name: Amselem, Gabriel
name: Baroud, Charles N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The capture of a soft spherical particle by a rectangular slit leads to a non-monotonic pressure-flow rate relation at low Reynolds number. In the presence of the trapped particle the flow-induced deformations focus the streamlines and pressure drop to a small region. This increases the resistance to flow by several orders of magnitude as the driving pressure is increased. As a result two regimes are observed: a flow-dominated regime for small particle deformations, where flow rate increases with pressure, and an elastic-dominated regime in which solid deformations block the flow.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Entanglement between a trapped ion qubit and a 780-nm photon via quantum frequency conversion
Creators: name: Hannegan, John
name: Siverns, James D.
name: Quraishi, Qudsia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Future quantum networks will require the ability to produce matter-photon entanglement at photon frequencies not naturally emitted from the matter qubit. This allows for a hybrid network architecture, where these photons can couple to other tools and quantum technologies useful for tasks such as multiplexing, routing, and storage, but which operate at wavelengths different from that of the matter qubit source, while also reducing network losses. Here, we demonstrate entanglement between a trapped ion and a 780 nm photon, a wavelength which can interact with neutral-Rb-based quantum networking devices. A single barium ion is used to produce 493 nm photons, entangled with the ion, which are then frequency converted to 780 nm while preserving the entanglement. We generate ion-photon entanglement with fidelities $\geq$ 0.93(2) and $\geq$ 0.84(2) for 493 nm and 780 nm photons respectively with the fidelity drop arising predominantly from a reduction in the signal-noise of our detectors at 780 nm compared with at 493 nm.
МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ЖЕЛУДОЧКОВ И ПРЕДСЕРДИЙ СЕРДЦА У БОЛЬНЫХ ДЕТЕЙ ПОРОКАМИ СЕРДЦА В ВОЗРАСТЕ 3-4 ЛЕТ
Creators: name: Хамидова, Нигора
name: Баймурадов, Равшан
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Cравнительный анализ результатов измерений предсердий и желудочков сердца больных пороками сердца 3-4 летних детей с их здоровыми сверстниками показали, что все изученные параметры были увеличенными независимо от пола, причем достоверные отличия были в 83,3% случаев у мальчиков и 50% случаях у девочек 3 лет от роду.
Necessity of limiting co-state arc in Bolza-type infinite horizon problem
Creators: name: Khlopin, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49K15, 49J52, 91B62

description: We investigate necessary conditions of optimality for the Bolza-type infinite horizon problem with free right end. The optimality is understood in the sense of weakly uniformly overtaking optimal control. No previous knowledge in the asymptotic behaviour of trajectories or adjoint variables is necessary. Following Seierstad's idea, we obtain the necessary boundary condition at infinity in the form of a transversality condition for the maximum principle. Those transversality conditions may be expressed in the integral form through an Aseev--Kryazhimskii-type formulae for co-state arcs. The connection between these formulae and limiting gradients of payoff function at infinity is identified; several conditions under which it is possible to explicitly specify the co-state arc through those Aseev--Kryazhimskii-type formulae are found. For infinite horizon problem of Bolza type, an example is given to clarify the use of the Aseev--Kryazhimskii formula as explicit expression of the co-state arc.
Noise effects on purity and quantum entanglement in terms of physical implementability
Creators: name: Guo, Yuchen
name: Yang, Shuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum decoherence due to imperfect manipulation of quantum devices is a key issue in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. Standard analyses in quantum information and quantum computation use error rates to parameterize quantum noise channels. However, there is no explicit relation between the decoherence effect induced by a noise channel and its error rate. In this work, we propose to characterize the decoherence effect of a noise channel by the physical implementability of its inverse, which is a universal parameter quantifying the difficulty to simulate the noise inverse with accessible quantum channels. We establish two concise inequalities connecting the decrease of the state purity and logarithmic negativity after a noise channel to the physical implementability of the noise inverse, which is required to be decomposed as mutually orthogonal unitaries or product channels respectively. Our results are numerically demonstrated on several commonly adopted two-qubit noise models. We believe that these relations contribute to the theoretical research on the entanglement properties of noise channels and provide guiding principles for quantum circuit design.
description: 19 pages, 3 figure
Rapidity profiles from 3+1D Glasma simulations with finite longitudinal thickness
Creators: name: Ipp, Andreas
name: Müller, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present our progress on simulating the Glasma in the early stages of heavy ion collisions in a non-boost-invariant setting. Our approach allows us to describe colliding nuclei with finite longitudinal width by extending the McLerran-Venugopalan model to include a parameter for the Lorentz-contracted but finite extent of the nucleus in the beam direction. We determine the rapidity profile of the Glasma energy density, which shows strong deviations from the boost invariant result. Both broad and narrow profiles can be produced by varying the initial conditions. We find reasonable agreement when we compare the results to rapidity profiles of measured pion multiplicities from RHIC.
description: 5+1 pages, 2 figures, prepared for Proceedings of the European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics (EPS-HEP) 2017
4-component relativistic Hamiltonian with effective QED potentials for molecular calculations
Creators: name: Sunaga, Ayaki
name: Salman, Maen
name: Saue, Trond
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the implementation of effective QED potentials for all-electron 4-component relativistic molecular calculations using the DIRAC code. The potentials are also available for 2-component calculations, proper picture-change being mandatory. Specificially, we have implemented the Uehling potential [E. A. Uehling, Phys. Rev. 48 , 55 (1935)] for vacuum polarization and two effective potentials [P. Pyykkö and L.-B. Zhao, J. Phys. B 36 , 1469 (2003); V. V. Flambaum and J. S. M. Ginges, Phys. Rev. A 72 , 052115 (2005)] for electron self-energy. We provide extensive theoretical background for these potentials. We report the following sample applications: i) we confirm the conjecture of Pyykkö that QED effects are observable for the AuCN molecule by directly calculating ground-state rotational constants $B_0$ of the three isotopomers studied by MW spectroscopy; QED brings the corresponding substitution Au-C bond length $r_s$ from 0.23 to 0.04 pm agreement with experiment, ii) spectroscopic constants of van der Waals dimers M$_2$ (M=Hg, Rn, Cn, Og) iii) there is a significant change of valence s population of Pb in the reaction PbH$_4$ -> PbH$_2$ + H$_2$, which is thereby a good candidate for observing QED effects in chemical reactions, as proposed in [K. G. Dyall et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 348 , 497 (2001)]. QED contributes 0.32 kcal/mol to the reaction energy, thereby reducing its magnitude by -1.27 %. For corresponding hydrides of superheavy flerovium, the electronic structures are quite similar. Interestingly, the QED contribution to the reaction energy is of quite similar magnitude (0.35 kcal/mol), whereas the relative change is significantly smaller (-0.50 %). This curious observation can be explained by the faster increase of negative vacuum polarization over positive electron self-energy contributions as a function of nuclear charge.
description: 27 pages, 4 figures. The following article has been submitted to The Journal of Chemical Physics. After it is published, it will be found at https://aip.scitation.org/toc/jcp/current
Probing Dark Matter Long-lived Mediators with Solar $γ$ rays
Creators: name: Lucente, Michele
name: Arina, Chiara
name: Backović, Mihailo
name: Heisig, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that solar $γ$-ray observations can provide a complementary probe of Dark Matter in scenarios where the interactions with the Standard Model proceed via long-lived mediators. For illustration we consider a simplified model which provides solar $γ$-ray fluxes observable with the next generation $γ$-ray telescopes, while complying with the existing experimental constraints. Our results suggest that solar $γ$-ray fluxes can be orders of magnitude larger than the ones from the Galactic center, while being subject to low backgrounds.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. To appear in the proceedings of The European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics, 5-12 July 2017 in Venice, Italy
Scaling of reconnection parameters in magnetic island coalescence: Role of in-plane shear flow
Creators: name: Mahapatra, Jagannath
name: Ganesh, Rajaraman
name: Sen, Abhijit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A 2D incompressible viscoresistive-MHD model [Mahapatra et. al., Phys. Plasmas 28, 072103 (2021)] is used to study the scaling of reconnection parameters in magnetic island coalescence problem under two interesting scenarios. Firstly, the effect of changing island half-width at a fixed system size is investigated. As the island half-width increases, the total magnetic flux content increases resulting in an increase in upstream magnetic field, upstream velocity field and unnormalized reconnection rate while keeping the normalized rate, downstream magnetic field and current sheet length independent of it. Interestingly, the reconnection rate is found to be different from the upstream and downstream velocity as well as inverse aspect ratio of the current sheet, as opposed to the findings of the Sweet-Parker model. Secondly, the in-plane shear flow effects are studied, keeping the island width and system size fixed. Here thickness and length of the current sheet, the upstream magnetic and velocity field components, reconnection rate and time, current sheet inclination angle with shear flow length scale and amplitude are calculated. Interestingly, the inclination angle of the current sheet and the diffusion region are found to be different. These differences are more in stronger shear flows. These results are significantly different from the Harris sheet setup with shear flow. The results have potential application in the Earth magnetospheric observations and fusion plasma experiments.
description: 23 pages, 11 figures, published in Physics of plasmas
Leptonic CP violation in the charged sector and effective field theory approach
Creators: name: Pruna, Giovanni Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: These proceedings introduce the main techniques and ideas for a systematic effective field theory analysis of CP violation in the charged lepton sector. This study is required because the Standard Model of particle physics predicts a very high degree of CP violation suppression in the lepton sector, and this implies that possible new physics effects can be parameterised in terms of new interactions among the Standard Model fields, in the framework of the so-called Standard Model Effective Field Theory. In analogy with previous investigations of charged lepton flavour violating observables, this document illustrates how the current limits on leptonic CP violation coming from the electric-dipole moment of the leptons can be recast into constraints on the effective coefficients defined at a given decoupling scale. Furthermore, important bounds acting on previously unconstrained parameters are discussed.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, 5 tables
Astroparticle Physics in Hyper-Kamiokande
Creators: name: Migenda, Jost
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hyper-Kamiokande is a proposed next-generation general purpose neutrino detection experiment. It comprises an underground water Cherenkov detector that will be more than 8 times as large as the highly successful Super-Kamiokande and use significantly improved photodetectors with the same 40 % photocoverage. The resulting sensitivity improvements will particularly benefit astroparticle physics at low energies. This contribution to the EPS-HEP 2017 proceedings gives an overview over Hyper-Kamiokande and presents its projected physics reach in the areas of supernova neutrinos, solar neutrinos and indirect dark matter searches, based on the current design report. It also discusses additional sensitivity improvements if the second detector is built in Korea in a location with a higher overburden.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. Talk presented at EPS-HEP2017, proceedings to be published in PoS. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1704.05933
Observation of Majorana Fermions in Ferromagnetic Atomic Chains on a Superconductor
Creators: name: Nadj-Perge, Stevan
name: Drozdov, Ilya K.
name: Li, Jian
name: Chen, Hua
name: Jeon, Sangjun
name: Seo, Jungpil
name: MacDonald, Allan H.
name: Bernevig, B. Andrei
name: Yazdani, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Majorana fermions are predicted to localize at the edge of a topological superconductor, a state of matter that can form when a ferromagnetic system is placed in proximity to a conventional superconductor with strong spin-orbit interaction. With the goal of realizing a one-dimensional topological superconductor, we have fabricated ferromagnetic iron (Fe) atomic chains on the surface of superconducting lead (Pb). Using high-resolution spectroscopic imaging techniques, we show that the onset of superconductivity, which gaps the electronic density of states in the bulk of the Fe chains, is accompanied by the appearance of zero energy end states. This spatially resolved signature provides strong evidence, corroborated by other observations, for the formation of a topological phase and edge-bound Majorana fermions in our atomic chains.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, and supplementary information. appears in Science (2014)