cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Why we need biased AI -- How including cognitive and ethical machine biases can enhance AI systems
Creators: name: Fabi, Sarah
name: Hagendorff, Thilo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper stresses the importance of biases in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) in two regards. First, in order to foster efficient algorithmic decision-making in complex, unstable, and uncertain real-world environments, we argue for the structurewise implementation of human cognitive biases in learning algorithms. Secondly, we argue that in order to achieve ethical machine behavior, filter mechanisms have to be applied for selecting biased training stimuli that represent social or behavioral traits that are ethically desirable. We use insights from cognitive science as well as ethics and apply them to the AI field, combining theoretical considerations with seven case studies depicting tangible bias implementation scenarios. Ultimately, this paper is the first tentative step to explicitly pursue the idea of a re-evaluation of the ethical significance of machine biases, as well as putting the idea forth to implement cognitive biases into machines.
Barrow holographic dark energy with Granda-Oliveros cut-off
Creators: name: Oliveros, A.
name: Sabogal, M. A.
name: Acero, Mario A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A study on the effects of implementing the Granda-Oliveros infrared cutoff in the recently introduced Barrow Holographic Dark Energy model is presented, and its cosmological evolution is investigated. We find how the deformation parameter, $Δ$, affects the values of $H(z)$, and find that from this model it is possible to obtain an accelerated expansion regime of the universe at late times. We also obtain that increasing $Δ$ causes the EoS parameter to transition from quintessence to phantom. In addition, we show that the model can be used to describe the know eras of dominance. Finally, after studying the stability of the proposed model, a fit of the corresponding parameters is preformed, utilizing the measurements of the expansion rate of the universe, $H(z)$. The best fit of the parameters is found to be $(α,\, β,\, Δ) = (1.00^{+0.02}_{-0.02},\,0.69^{+0.03}_{-0.02},\,0.000^{+0.004}_{-0.000})$ at $1σ$ C.L, for which the Bekenstein-Hawking relation is favored.
description: 17 pages, 20 figures. Minor changes; references added. Accepted for publication in The European Physical Journal Plus (EPJP)
The Penrose dodecahedron and the Witting polytope are identical in CP(3)
Creators: name: Waegell, M.
name: Aravind, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is demonstrated that the set of 40 states of a spin-3/2 particle used by Zimba and Penrose to give proofs of the Kochen-Specker and Bell theorems is identical (i.e., unitarily equivalent) in CP(3) to the set of 40 rays derived from the vertices of the Witting polytope, which is a regular complex polytope in C(4). The Witting polytope actually has two different apparitions in projective spaces of different dimensions: it appears in CP(3) as the Penrose dodecahedron and in RP(7) (after an initial inflation into R(8)) as a set of rays associated with the root vectors of the Lie algebra E8. The interest of these apparitions is that they provide proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem, but of very different types: while the proofs provided by the Penrose dodecahedron are complex (in both senses of the word), those provided by the E8 system are real and easy to grasp (being parity proofs that take no more than simple counting to verify). The different proofs it provides in different settings would seem to justify calling the Witting polytope a "quantum chameleon", and we raise (but leave unanswered) the question of whether it is the only object of this type.
description: 11 pages, 3 Tables, 2 figures; 5 references have been added to the earlier version
Additional file 4 of Evaluating the suitability of hyper- and multispectral imaging to detect foliar symptoms of the grapevine trunk disease Esca in vineyards
Creators: name: Bendel, Nele
name: Kicherer, Anna
name: Backhaus, Andreas
name: Hans-Christian Klück
name: Seiffert, Udo
name: Fischer, Michael
name: Voegele, Ralf T.
name: Töpfer, Reinhard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 4: Table S3. Results of the different machine learning approaches for the model transferability evaluation.
Hybrid helical state and superconducting diode effect in S/F/TI heterostructures
Creators: name: Karabassov, T.
name: Bobkova, I. V.
name: Golubov, A. A.
name: Vasenko, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well-known that the ground state of homogeneous superconducting systems with spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in the presence of the Zeeman field is the so-called helical state, which is characterized by the phase modulation of the order parameter, but zero supercurrent density. In this work we investigate the realization of the helical state in a hybrid system with spatially separated superconductivity and exchange field by considering S/F bilayer on top of a 3D topological insulator. This system is characterized by strong spin-momentum locking and, consequently, provides the most favorable conditions for the helical state generation. The analysis is based on the microscopic theory in terms of the quasiclassical Green's functions. We demonstrate that in the bilayer the helical state survives if the exchange field has non-zero component perpendicular to the S/F interface even in spite of the fact that the superconducting order parameter and the exchange field are spatially separated. At the same time, in this spatially inhomogeneous situation the helical state is accompanied by the spontaneous currents distributed over the bilayer in such a way as to have zero average. Further, we show that this hybrid helical state gives rise to nonreciprocity in the system. We demonstrate the realization of the superconducting diode effect and show that the degree of nonreciprocity is very large in the considered system due to the strongest possible value of the spin-momentum locking.
Fast Magnetic Reconnection Due to Anisotropic Electron Pressure
Creators: name: Cassak, P. A.
name: Baylor, R. N.
name: Fermo, R. L.
name: Beidler, M. T.
name: Shay, M. A.
name: Swisdak, M.
name: Drake, J. F.
name: Karimabadi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new regime of fast magnetic reconnection with an out-of-plane (guide) magnetic field is reported in which the key role is played by an electron pressure anisotropy described by the Chew-Goldberger-Low gyrotropic equations of state in the generalized Ohm's law, which even dominates the Hall term. A description of the physical cause of this behavior is provided and two-dimensional fluid simulations are used to confirm the results. The electron pressure anisotropy causes the out-of-plane magnetic field to develop a quadrupole structure of opposite polarity to the Hall magnetic field and gives rise to dispersive waves. In addition to being important for understanding what causes reconnection to be fast, this mechanism should dominate in plasmas with low plasma beta and a high in-plane plasma beta with electron temperature comparable to or larger than ion temperature, so it could be relevant in the solar wind and some tokamaks.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication as a letter in Physics of Plasmas
Locomotion Policy Guided Traversability Learning using Volumetric Representations of Complex Environments
Creators: name: Frey, Jonas
name: Hoeller, David
name: Khattak, Shehryar
name: Hutter, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite the progress in legged robotic locomotion, autonomous navigation in unknown environments remains an open problem. Ideally, the navigation system utilizes the full potential of the robots' locomotion capabilities while operating within safety limits under uncertainty. The robot must sense and analyze the traversability of the surrounding terrain, which depends on the hardware, locomotion control, and terrain properties. It may contain information about the risk, energy, or time consumption needed to traverse the terrain. To avoid hand-crafted traversability cost functions we propose to collect traversability information about the robot and locomotion policy by simulating the traversal over randomly generated terrains using a physics simulator. Thousand of robots are simulated in parallel controlled by the same locomotion policy used in reality to acquire 57 years of real-world locomotion experience equivalent. For deployment on the real robot, a sparse convolutional network is trained to predict the simulated traversability cost, which is tailored to the deployed locomotion policy, from an entirely geometric representation of the environment in the form of a 3D voxel-occupancy map. This representation avoids the need for commonly used elevation maps, which are error-prone in the presence of overhanging obstacles and multi-floor or low-ceiling scenarios. The effectiveness of the proposed traversability prediction network is demonstrated for path planning for the legged robot ANYmal in various indoor and natural environments.
description: accepted for 2022 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2022)
Consistency of randomized integration methods
Creators: name: Hofstadler, Julian
name: Rudolf, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that a class of randomized integration methods, including averages based on $(t,d)$-sequences, Latin hypercube sampling, Frolov points as well as Cranley-Patterson rotations, consistently estimates expectations of integrable functions. Consistency here refers to convergence in mean and/or convergence in probability of the estimator to the integral of interest. Moreover, we suggest median modified methods and show for integrands in $L^p$ with $p>1$ consistency in terms of almost sure convergence
description: 17 pages. Accepted for publication in Journal of Complexity
Path-Integral Fujikawa's Approach to Anomalous Virial Theorems and Equations of State for Systems with $SO(2, 1)$ Symmetry
Creators: name: Ordonez, Carlos R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive anomalous equations of state for nonrelativistic 2D complex bosonic fields with contact interactions, using Fujikawa's path-integral approach to anomalies and scaling arguments. In the process, we derive an anomalous virial theorem for such systems. The methods used are easily generalizable for other 2D systems, including fermionic ones, and of different spatial dimensionality, all of which share a classical $SO(2,1)$ Schrodinger symmetry. The discussion is of a more formal nature and is intended mainly to shed light on the structure of anomalies in 2D many-body systems. The anomaly corrections to the virial theorem and equation of state - pressure relationship - may be identified as the Tan contact term. The practicality of these ideas rests upon being able to compute in detail the Fujikawa Jacobian that contains the anomaly. This and other conceptual issues, as well as some recent developments, are discussed at the end of the paper.
description: Final version to be published in Physica A. 13 pages, shorter title, new material added toward the end
Additional file 3 of Evaluating the suitability of hyper- and multispectral imaging to detect foliar symptoms of the grapevine trunk disease Esca in vineyards
Creators: name: Bendel, Nele
name: Kicherer, Anna
name: Backhaus, Andreas
name: Hans-Christian Klück
name: Seiffert, Udo
name: Fischer, Michael
name: Voegele, Ralf T.
name: Töpfer, Reinhard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 3: Table S2. Results of the different machine learning approaches for the 1 year disease detection approaches.
Energy independent scaling of ridge and final state description of high multiplicity p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 and 13 TeV
Creators: name: Sarkar, Debojit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An energy independent scaling of the near-side ridge yield at a given multiplicity has been observed by the ATLAS and the CMS collaborations in p+p collisions at s = 7 and 13 TeV. Such a striking feature of the data can be successfully explained by approaches based on initial state momentum space correlation generated due to gluon saturation. In this paper, we try to examine if such a scaling is also an inherent feature of the approaches that employ strong final state interaction in p+p collisions. We find that hydrodynamical modeling of p+p collisions using EPOS 3 shows a violation of such scaling. The current study can, therefore, provide important new insights on the origin of long range azimuthal correlations in high multiplicity p+p collisions at the LHC energies.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, version published in PRD
Quantum-Fluctuation-Driven Dynamics of Droplet Splashing, Recoiling and Deposition in Ultracold Binary Bose Gases
Creators: name: Ma, Yinfeng
name: Cui, Xiaoling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Droplet impact on a surface is practically relevant to a variety of fields in nature and industry, while a complete control of its outcomes remains challenging due to various unmanageable factors. In this work, we propose the quantum simulation of droplet impact outcomes in the platform of ultracold atoms. Specifically, we study the quantum-fluctuation-driven dynamics (QFDD) of two-dimensional Bose-Bose mixtures from an initial Townes soliton towards the formation of a quantum droplet. By tuning the fluctuation energy of the initial Townes state through its size and number, the subsequent QFDD can produce various outcomes including splashing, recoiling, and deposition, similar to those in droplet impact dynamics. We have utilized the Weber number to identify the thresholds of splashing and recoiling, and further established a universal scaling law between the maximum spreading factor and the Weber number in the recoiling regime. In addition, we show that the residual QFDD in the deposition regime can be used to probe the collective breathing modes of a quantum droplet. Our results reveal a mechanism for the droplet impact outcomes, which can be directly tested in cold-atom experiments and can pave the way for exploring intriguing droplet dynamics in a clean and fully controlled quantum setting.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Psychological safety in medical education: A scoping review and synthesis of the literature
Creators: name: McClintock, Adelaide H.
name: Fainstad, Tyra
name: Blau, Kevin
name: Jauregui, Joshua
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Psychological safety (PS) is the belief that the environment is safe for risk taking. Available data point to a lack of PS in medical education. Based on literature in other fields, PS in clinical learning environments (CLEs) could support trainee well-being, belonging, and learning. However, the literature on PS in medical education has not been broadly assessed. In 2020, authors searched PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, ERIC, PsycInfo, and JSTOR for articles published prior to January 2020. Authors screened all search results for eligibility using specific criteria. Data were extracted and thematic analysis performed. Fifty-two articles met criteria. The majority focused on graduate medical education (45%), and 42% of studies took place within a CLE. Articles addressed organizational and team level constructs (58%), with fewer descriptions of specific behaviors of team members that promote or hinder safety. The impacts of safe environments for trainees and patients are areas in need of more exploration. Future research should focus on defining specific organizational and interpersonal leader behaviors that promote PS, seek to understand how PS is determined by individual trainees, and measure the impact of PS on learners, learning, and patient care outcomes.
Intelligence at the Extreme Edge: A Survey on Reformable TinyML
Creators: name: Rajapakse, Visal
name: Karunanayake, Ishan
name: Ahmed, Nadeem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) is an upsurging research field that proposes to democratize the use of Machine Learning and Deep Learning on highly energy-efficient frugal Microcontroller Units. Considering the general assumption that TinyML can only run inference, growing interest in the domain has led to work that makes them reformable, i.e., solutions that permit models to improve once deployed. This work presents a survey on reformable TinyML solutions with the proposal of a novel taxonomy. Here, the suitability of each hierarchical layer for reformability is discussed. Furthermore, we explore the workflow of TinyML and analyze the identified deployment schemes, available tools and the scarcely available benchmarking tools. Finally, we discuss how reformable TinyML can impact a few selected industrial areas and discuss the challenges and future directions.
Dissociative electron attachment and electron-impact resonant dissociation of vibrationally excited O2 molecules
Creators: name: Laporta, V.
name: Celiberto, R.
name: Tennyson, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: State-by-state cross sections for dissociative electron attachment and electron-impact dissociation for molecular oxygen are computed using ab initio resonance curves calculated with the R-matrix method. When O2 is in its vibrational ground state, the main contribution for both processes comes from the $^2Π_u$ resonance state of $O_2^-$ but with a significant contribution from the $^4Σ$ resonant state. Vibrational excitation leads to an increased contribution from the low-lying $^2Π_{g}$ resonance, greatly increased cross sections for both processes, and the threshold moving to lower energies. These results provide important input for models of O2-containing plasmas in nonequilibrium conditions.
description: 5 figures
An Intelligent Framework for Oversubscription Management in CPU-GPU Unified Memory
Creators: name: Long, Xinjian
name: Gong, Xiangyang
name: Zhou, Huiyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes a novel intelligent framework for oversubscription management in CPU-GPU UVM. We analyze the current rule-based methods of GPU memory oversubscription with unified memory, and the current learning-based methods for other computer architectural components. We then identify the performance gap between the existing rule-based methods and the theoretical upper bound. We also identify the advantages of applying machine intelligence and the limitations of the existing learning-based methods. This paper proposes a novel intelligent framework for oversubscription management in CPU-GPU UVM. It consists of an access pattern classifier followed by a pattern-specific Transformer-based model using a novel loss function aiming for reducing page thrashing. A policy engine is designed to leverage the model's result to perform accurate page prefetching and pre-eviction. We evaluate our intelligent framework on a set of 11 memory-intensive benchmarks from popular benchmark suites. Our solution outperforms the state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods for oversubscription management, reducing the number of pages thrashed by 64.4\% under 125\% memory oversubscription compared to the baseline, while the SOTA method reduces the number of pages thrashed by 17.3\%. Our solution achieves an average IPC improvement of 1.52X under 125\% memory oversubscription, and our solution achieves an average IPC improvement of 3.66X under 150\% memory oversubscription. Our solution outperforms the existing learning-based methods for page address prediction, improving top-1 accuracy by 6.45\% (up to 41.2\%) on average for a single GPGPU workload, improving top-1 accuracy by 10.2\% (up to 30.2\%) on average for multiple concurrent GPGPU workloads.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2203.12672
Correlations and Clustering in Wholesale Electricity Markets
Creators: name: Cui, Tianyu
name: Caravelli, Francesco
name: Ududec, Cozmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the structure of locational marginal prices in day-ahead and real-time wholesale electricity markets. In particular, we consider the case of two North American markets and show that the price correlations contain information on the locational structure of the grid. We study various clustering methods and introduce a type of correlation function based on event synchronization for spiky time series, and another based on string correlations of location names provided by the markets. This allows us to reconstruct aspects of the locational structure of the grid.
description: 30 pages, several pictures
ECG Biometric Recognition: Review, System Proposal, and Benchmark Evaluation
Creators: name: Melzi, Pietro
name: Tolosana, Ruben
name: Vera-Rodriguez, Ruben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Electrocardiograms (ECGs) have shown unique patterns to distinguish between different subjects and present important advantages compared to other biometric traits, such as difficulty to counterfeit, liveness detection, and ubiquity. Also, with the success of Deep Learning technologies, ECG biometric recognition has received increasing interest in recent years. However, it is not easy to evaluate the improvements of novel ECG proposed methods, mainly due to the lack of public data and standard experimental protocols. In this study, we perform extensive analysis and comparison of different scenarios in ECG biometric recognition. Both verification and identification tasks are investigated, as well as single- and multi-session scenarios. Finally, we also perform single- and multi-lead ECG experiments, considering traditional scenarios using electrodes in the chest and limbs and current user-friendly wearable devices. In addition, we present ECGXtractor, a robust Deep Learning technology trained with an in-house large-scale database and able to operate successfully across various scenarios and multiple databases. We introduce our proposed feature extractor, trained with multiple sinus-rhythm heartbeats belonging to 55,967 subjects, and provide a general public benchmark evaluation with detailed experimental protocol. We evaluate the system performance over four different databases: i) our in-house database, ii) PTB, iii) ECG-ID, and iv) CYBHi. With the widely used PTB database, we achieve Equal Error Rates of 0.14% and 2.06% in verification, and accuracies of 100% and 96.46% in identification, respectively in single- and multi-session analysis. We release the source code, experimental protocol details, and pre-trained models in GitHub to advance in the field.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Stochastic modification of the Schrodinger-Newton equation
Creators: name: Bera, Sayantani
name: Mohan, Ravi
name: Singh, Tejinder P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Schrödinger-Newton [SN] equation describes the effect of self-gravity on the evolution of a quantum system, and it has been proposed that gravitationally induced decoherence drives the system to one of the stationary solutions of the SN equation. However, the equation by itself lacks a decoherence mechanism, because it does not possess any stochastic feature. In the present work we derive a stochastic modification of the Schrödinger-Newton equation, starting from the Einstein-Langevin equation in the theory of stochastic semiclassical gravity. We specialize this equation to the case of a single massive point particle, and by using Karolyhazy's phase variance method, we derive the Diósi - Penrose criterion for the decoherence time. We obtain a (nonlinear) master equation corresponding to this stochastic SN equation. This equation is however linear at the level of the approximation we use to prove decoherence, hence the no-signalling requirement is met. Lastly, we use physical arguments to obtain expressions for the decoherence length of extended objects.
description: v3, 21 pages, minor corrections, matches version published in Phys. Rev. D
To Numerical Modeling With Strong Orders 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 of Convergence for Multidimensional Dynamical Systems With Random Disturbances
Creators: name: Kuznetsov, Dmitriy F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The article is devoted to explicit one-step numerical methods with strong orders 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 of convergence for Ito stochastic differential equations with multidimensional and non-commutative noise. For numerical modeling of iterated Ito stochastic integrals with multiplicities 1 to 4 we use the method of multiple Fourier-Legendre series converging in the sense of norm in Hilbert space $L_2([t, T]^k),$ $k=1,2,3,4.$ The article is addressed to engineers who use numerical modeling in stochastic control and for solving the nonlinear filtering problem.
description: 29 pages. Minor changes. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1801.01564, arXiv:1802.00643, arXiv:1801.01962, arXiv:1801.08862, arXiv:1712.09516, arXiv:1801.03195, arXiv:1712.09746
Extending Whitney's extension theorem: nonlinear function spaces
Creators: name: Roberts, David Michael
name: Schmeding, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58D15 (primary), 46T10, 58C07, 54C35, 46A04, 46A13, 53C21 (secondary)

description: We consider a global, nonlinear version of the Whitney extension problem for manifold-valued smooth functions on closed domains $C$, with non-smooth boundary, in possibly non-compact manifolds. Assuming $C$ is a submanifold with corners, or is compact and locally convex with rough boundary, we prove that the restriction map from everywhere-defined functions is a submersion of locally convex manifolds and so admits local linear splittings on charts. This is achieved by considering the corresponding restriction map for locally convex spaces of compactly-supported sections of vector bundles, allowing the even more general case where $C$ only has mild restrictions on inward and outward cusps, and proving the existence of an extension operator.
description: 37 pages, 1 colour figure. v2 small edits, correction to Definition A.3, which makes no impact on proofs or results. Version submitted for publication. v3 small changes in response to referee comments, title extended. v4 crucial gap filled, results not affected. v5 final version to appear in Annales de l'Institut Fourier
Additional file 1 of Cognitive phenotypes 1 month after ICU discharge in mechanically ventilated patients: a prospective observational cohort study
Creators: name: Fernández-Gonzalo, Sol
name: Navarra-Ventura, Guillem
name: Bacardit, Neus
name: Fernández, Gemma Gomà
name: Haro, Candelaria De
name: Subirà, Carles
name: López-Aguilar, Josefina
name: Rudys Magrans
name: Sarlabous, Leonardo
name: Esperanza, Jose Aquino
name: Jodar, Mercè
name: Rué, Montse
name: Ochagavía, Ana
name: Palao, Diego J.
name: Fernández, Rafael
name: Lluís Blanch
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: This additional file contains Tables S1–S5, supplemental references and Figures S1–S3.
Measuring Consistent Masses for 25 Milky Way Globular Clusters
Creators: name: Kimmig, Brian
name: Seth, Anil
name: Ivans, Inese I.
name: Strader, Jay
name: Caldwell, Nelson
name: Anderton, Tim
name: Gregersen, Dylan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present central velocity dispersions, masses, mass to light ratios ($M/L$s), and rotation strengths for 25 Galactic globular clusters. We derive radial velocities of 1951 stars in 12 globular clusters from single order spectra taken with Hectochelle on the MMT telescope. To this sample we add an analysis of available archival data of individual stars. For the full set of data we fit King models to derive consistent dynamical parameters for the clusters. We find good agreement between single mass King models and the observed radial dispersion profiles. The large, uniform sample of dynamical masses we derive enables us to examine trends of $M/L$ with cluster mass and metallicity. The overall values of $M/L$ and the trends with mass and metallicity are consistent with existing measurements from a large sample of M31 clusters. This includes a clear trend of increasing $M/L$ with cluster mass, and lower than expected $M/L$s for the metal-rich clusters. We find no clear trend of increasing rotation with increasing cluster metallicity suggested in previous work.
description: Accepted by AJ; 17 pages 14 figures
An exploratory study of goal orientations of traditional block and longitudinal integrated clerkship students
Creators: name: Lin-Beckford, Stephanie
name: Osman, Nora Y.
name: Krupat, Edward
name: Hirsh, David A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Achievement goal theory links goal setting, motivation, and learning and describes three orientations: ‘mastery’ (seeking learning), ‘performance’ (seeking positive judgments), and ‘performance-avoidance’ (avoiding negative judgments). Mastery orientation is considered most adaptive. The authors investigated goal orientations of traditional block clerkship (TBC) and longitudinal integrated clerkship (LIC) students. This was an exploratory study conducted at one US medical school. Three hundred and twenty students completed an anonymous survey consisting of three tools with validation evidence: Patterns of Adaptive Learning Survey, Task-choice Goal Measures, and Questionnaire Goal Choice Items. The authors analyzed the data using regression analyses, Chi-square, and Wilcoxon’s rank-sum tests. While all students rated mastery items most highly on the five-point Likert scale (mean 4.58/5.00), LIC students rated performance-orientation lower (β = −0.36, p = .04), chose personal mastery-orientation items more frequently (92% vs. 64.4%, p = .005), and perceived their learning environment as promoting less performance (β = −0.60, p = .002) and performance-avoidance (β = −0.78, p < .001) compared to TBC students. LIC and TBC students differed in their report of personal and clerkship goal orientations. These differences may inform educational design and future research to promote students’ mastery orientation.
Explicit One-Step Strong Numerical Methods of Orders 2.0 and 2.5 for Ito Stochastic Differential Equations Based on the Unified Taylor-Ito and Taylor-Stratonovich Expansions
Creators: name: Kuznetsov, Dmitriy F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The article is devoted to the construction of explicit one-step strong numerical methods with the orders 2.0 and 2.5 of convergence for Ito stochastic differential equations with multidimensional non-commutative noise. We consider the numerical methods based on the unified Taylor-Ito and Taylor-Stratonovich expansions. For the numerical modeling of iterated Ito and Stratonovich stochastic integrals of multiplicities 1 to 5 we apply the method of multiple Fourier-Legendre series converging in the sense of norm in Hilbert space $L_2([t, T]^k),$ $k=1,\ldots,5$. The article is addressed to engineers who use numerical modeling in stochastic control and for solving the non-linear filtering problem. The article will be interesting to scientists who working in the field of numerical integration of stochastic differential equations.
description: 37 pages. Minor changes. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1801.00231, arXiv:1712.08991, arXiv:1802.00643, arXiv:1801.08862. text overlap with arXiv:1801.00784
Multi-Action Recognition via Stochastic Modelling of Optical Flow and Gradients
Creators: name: Carvajal, Johanna
name: Sanderson, Conrad
name: McCool, Chris
name: Lovell, Brian C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.6; I.4.7; I.4.8; I.5.1; I.5.4

description: In this paper we propose a novel approach to multi-action recognition that performs joint segmentation and classification. This approach models each action using a Gaussian mixture using robust low-dimensional action features. Segmentation is achieved by performing classification on overlapping temporal windows, which are then merged to produce the final result. This approach is considerably less complicated than previous methods which use dynamic programming or computationally expensive hidden Markov models (HMMs). Initial experiments on a stitched version of the KTH dataset show that the proposed approach achieves an accuracy of 78.3%, outperforming a recent HMM-based approach which obtained 71.2%.
Projective geometries arising from Elekes-Szabó problems
Creators: name: Bays, Martin
name: Breuillard, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We generalise the Elekes-Szabó theorem to arbitrary arity and dimension and characterise the complex algebraic varieties without power saving. The characterisation involves certain algebraic subgroups of commutative algebraic groups endowed with an extra structure arising from a skew field of endomorphisms. We also extend the Erdős-Szemerédi sum-product phenomenon to elliptic curves. Our approach is based on Hrushovski's framework of pseudo-finite dimensions and the abelian group configuration theorem.
description: 48 pages. To appear in ASENS. v2: Minor improvements in presentation. v3: Fixed some typos
Participants' awareness of the assimilative effect of pairing despite opposition relation (bckprp6)
Creators: name: Nudler, Yahel
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Propositional Learning
subject: Associative Learning
subject: Evaluative Conditioning
subject: Self-knowledge

description: The purpose of the present experiment is to test whether when participants experience CS-US co-occurrence and the co-occurrence is due to opposition relation, they think that the pairings had an assimilative or a contrast effect on their evaluation of the CSs.
Chiral spin symmetry and the QCD phase diagram
Creators: name: Glozman, Leonid Ya.
name: Philipsen, Owe
name: Pisarski, Robert D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lattice QCD simulations with chirally symmetric quarks have recently established approximate $SU(2)_{CS}$ and $SU(2N_F)$ symmetries of the quantum effective action in a temperature range above the chiral crossover $T_\mathrm{ch}$, in which color-electric interactions between quarks dominate the dynamics. We show that such an intermediate temperature range between the chirally broken and plasma regimes is fully consistent with published screening mass spectra, which demonstrate the breakdown of thermal perturbation theory at the crossover between the partonic and the chiral spin symmetric regime at $T_s\sim (2-3)T_\mathrm{ch}$. From the known behavior of screening masses with baryon chemical potential, we deduce qualitatively how this chiral spin symmetric band extends into the QCD phase diagram. In the cold and dense region, we propose parity doubled baryons as possible candidates for chiral spin symmetric matter. This represents a special case of quarkyonic matter with confinement and restored chiral symmetry, and can smoothly transform to quark matter at sufficiently high densities. Finally, we discuss the potential of dilepton spectra to identify such matter forms.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, published version
Heat conductivity of the Heisenberg spin-1/2 ladder: From weak to strong breaking of integrability
Creators: name: Steinigeweg, Robin
name: Herbrych, Jacek
name: Zotos, Xenophon
name: Brenig, Wolfram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the heat conductivity $κ$ of the Heisenberg spin-1/2 ladder at finite temperature covering the entire range of inter-chain coupling $J_\perp$, by using several numerical methods and perturbation theory within the framework of linear response. We unveil that a perturbative prediction $κ\propto J_\perp^{-2}$, based on simple golden-rule arguments and valid in the strict limit $J_\perp \to 0$, applies to a remarkably wide range of $J_\perp$, qualitatively and quantitatively. In the large $J_\perp$-limit, we show power-law scaling of opposite nature, namely, $κ\propto J_\perp^2$. Moreover, we demonstrate the weak and strong coupling regimes to be connected by a broad minimum, slightly below the isotropic point at $J_\perp = J_\parallel$. As a function of temperature $T$, this minimum scales as $κ\propto T^{-2}$ down to $T$ on the order of the exchange coupling constant. These results provide for a comprehensive picture of $κ(J_\perp,T)$ of spin ladders.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures (+ 5 pages, 8 figures), accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
title: Foreign Aid and State Legitimacy in Sub-Saharan Africa
title: What Happens when China Enters the Fiscal Contract
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Heitzenröder, Anna Lena
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: China
subject: PRC
subject: Africa
subject: Foreign Aid
subject: Rogue Aid
subject: Chinese Aid
subject: Geo
subject: Geomatching
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Legitimacy
subject: Tax
subject: Taxing
subject: Afrobarometer
subject: Aiddata
subject: Difference-in-Difference
subject: Perception
subject: DAC
subject: World Bank
subject: Development Finance
subject: Government
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::327 Internationale Beziehungen
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::310 Statistiken::316 Allgemeine Statistiken zu Afrika
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: Few of the so-called traditional donors can look back on equally long-lasting spending activities as the People’s Republic of China. Yet, profound academic interest for Chinese development assistance has only aroused in the 2000s when the country has significantly augmented its aid volumes directed towards developing countries, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa. As Chinese aid considerably differs from traditional patterns, it has often been subject to harsh Western criticism. But does Chinese aid truly damage state-society relations in host countries? Foreign aid, in general, has repeatedly been suspected of eroding the fiscal contract and undermining state legitimacy in recipient countries as it substitutes the state in one of its most fundamental duties, the provision of public services. In recent times, the academic debate has changed, drawing a more innoxious image of the role of international donors in this respect. Using georeferenced data of Chinese aid projects and matching it with a pan-African survey, in this study, I examine the impact of an exposure to Chinese aid on Sub-Saharan African citizens’ legitimating beliefs and find a moderately positive but statistically significant causal effect. Beyond this, I explore heterogenous effects across different macro-contexts and aid-targeted sectors. By contrasting my results with the impact of World Bank aid projects, I find evidence for a China-induced rather than aid-induced effect. Potential mechanisms that could drive the results appear to be ambiguous.
On the existence of cut points of connected generalized Sierpinski carpets
Creators: name: Ruan, Huo-Jun
name: Wang, Yang
name: Xiao, Jian-Ci
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 28A80, Secondary 54A05

description: In a previous work joint with Dai and Luo, we show that a connected generalized Sierpiński carpet (or shortly a GSC) has cut points if and only if the associated $n$-th Hata graph has a long tail for all $n\geq 2$. In this paper, we extend the above result by showing that it suffices to check a finite number of those graphs to reach a conclusion. This criterion provides a truly "algorithmic" solution to the cut point problem of connected GSCs. We also construct for each $m\geq 1$ a connected GSC with exactly $m$ cut points and demonstrate that when $m\geq 2$, such a GSC must be of the so-called fragile type.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures
Systolic geometry of translation surfaces
Creators: name: Columbus, Tobias
name: Herrlich, Frank
name: Muetzel, Bjoern
name: Weitze-Schmithüsen, Gabriela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30F10, 32G15 and 53C22

description: In this paper we investigate the systolic landscape of translation surfaces for fixed genus and fixed angles of their cone points. We furthermore study how the systoles of a translation surface relate to the systoles of its graph of saddle connections. This allows us to develop an algorithm to compute the systolic ratio of origamis in the stratum $\mathcal{H}(1,1)$. We compute the maximal systolic ratio of all origamis in $\mathcal{H}(1,1)$ with up to 67 squares. These computations support a conjecture of Judge and Parlier about the maximal systolic ratio in $\mathcal{H}(1,1)$.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures. Overworked version with corrections, in particular: Theorem 3.1, Theorem 4.9 and Lemma 5.4
How production networks amplify economic growth
Creators: name: McNerney, James
name: Savoie, Charles
name: Caravelli, Francesco
name: Carvalho, Vasco M.
name: Farmer, J. Doyne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Technological improvement is the most important cause of long-term economic growth. We study the effects of technology improvement in the setting of a production network, in which each producer buys input goods and converts them to other goods, selling the product to households or other producers. We show how this network amplifies the effects of technological improvements as they propagate along chains of production. Longer production chains for an industry bias it towards faster price reduction, and longer production chains for a country bias it towards faster GDP growth. These predictions are in good agreement with data and improve with the passage of time, demonstrating a key influence of production chains in price change and output growth over the long term.
description: 45 pages, 12 figures
Tao Probing the End of the World
Creators: name: Kim, Sung-Soo
name: Taki, Masato
name: Yagi, Futoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new type IIB 5-brane description for the E-string theory which is the world-volume theory on the M5-brane probing the end of the world M9-brane. The E-string in the new realization is depicted as spiral 5-branes web equipped with the cyclic structure which is key to uplifting to six dimensions. Utilizing the topological vertex to the 5-brane web configuration enables us to write down a combinatorial formula for the generating function of the E-string elliptic genera, namely the full partition function of topological strings on the local 1/2 K3 surface.
description: 15 figures, 41 pages, v2: minor revision, v3: published version