Billardia hyalina Vervoort & Watson 2003
Creators: name: Galea, Horia R.
name: Schuchert, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Hydrozoa
Leptothecata
Syntheciidae
Billardia
Billardia hyalina

description: Billardia hyalina Vervoort & Watson, 2003
Fig. 5; Table 2
Billardia hialina Vervoort & Watson, 2003: 413, fig. 102A–C.
Material examined
PACIFIC OCEAN • a colony without gonothecae, 4.5 cm high; off New Caledonia, stn DW5041; 20°05′ S, 158°53′ E; 410– 380 m; 23 Sep. 2017; KANADEEP leg.; a portion of stolon was removed for DNA extraction, DNA 1394; barcode identifier MK 073106; MNHN-IK-2015-474.
Description
Colony erect, up to 4.5 cm high, arising from creeping, branching, tortuous stolon. Stem simple, monosiphonic, composed of a short (ca 1 cm long), proximal, smooth part, and a distal, comparatively longer hydrothecate and hydrocladiate part, the latter divided almost regularly into internodes by means of transverse nodes; each internode slightly geniculate, composed of an indistinct apophysis supporting a cladium, an axillary hydrotheca associated to it, and two alternate hydrothecae above. Cladia generally alternate, coplanar, usually unbranched, divided into internodes by means of transverse nodes; up to 1.1 cm long and composed of up to ten hydrothecae internodes; first internode with a long, athecate, proximal part and two alternate hydrothecae distally; remainder of hydrocladium composed of internodes with three successive, alternate hydrothecae. Hydrothecae with the same shape and size on both stem and cladia; borne on short apophyses, often renovated several times; exceedingly long, tapering imperceptibly from aperture to base, slightly asymmetrical, proximal adaxial wall slightly more convex than abaxial wall, elsewhere both straight; base with annular constriction to which the base of the hydranth attaches; rim circular, not everted; perisarc thin, smooth, transparent and easily collapsible; hydranths without caecum, with 20–22 long, filiform tentacles. Gonothecae not observed.
Remarks
The exceedingly long, almost tubular hydrothecae, with easily collapsible perisarc, are diagnostic (Vervoort & Watson 2003).
Occasionally, the stem internodes bear three alternate hydrothecae (instead of only two) above the axillar hydrotheca; consequently, the cladia flanking them are given off on the same side of the stem. Similarly, two cladia separated by an axillary stem hydrotheca were found. Aberrant, additional, ‘twin’ cladia are given off at the same level from the lower half of the stem, and point towards either the frontal or dorsal sides of the colony. Moreover, one distal cladium shows the beginning of secondary branching below one of its hydrothecae.
Distribution
Norfolk Ridge (Vervoort & Watson 2003), off New Caledonia (present study).
description: Published as part of Galea, Horia R. & Schuchert, Peter, 2019, Some thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program, pp. 1-70 in European Journal of Taxonomy 562 on pages 13-14, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.562, http://zenodo.org/record/3474305