cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effect of diffusion-induced element accumulation on the opacity inside B stars
Creators: name: Hui-Bon-Hoa, Alain
name: Vauclair, Sylvie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar models with homogeneous abundances fail to reproduce the pulsation frequencies of early B-type stars. Their oscillations are excited by kappa-mechanism involving the Fe-peak elements where they are main contributors to the opacity (the "Z-bump") and a ad hoc increase of the opacity in these layers is necessary to match the observations. We test whether atomic diffusion can induce such an opacity increase through Fe and Ni accumulations in the Z-bump. With models computed using the Toulouse-Geneva Evolution Code, we show that atomic diffusion changes the abundance profiles inside the star, leading to an overabundance of the iron-peak elements in the upper envelope. The opacity may reach the amount required by seismic studies, provided that fingering mixing, which extends the size of the overabundance zone, is taken into account. Mass-loss is also required to evolve the model until the end of the main sequence.
description: Proceedings of the PHOST "Physics of Oscillating Stars" conference, in honour of Prof. H. Shibahashi, 2-7 Sept. 2018, Banyuls-sur-mer (France), Edited by J. Ballot, S. Vauclair, and G. Vauclair
He white dwarfs with large H contamination: Convective mixing or accretion?
Creators: name: Wachlin, F. C.
name: Vauclair, G.
name: Vauclair, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: White dwarfs are compact objects with atmospheres containing mainly light elements, hydrogen or helium. Because of their surface high gravitational field, heavy elements diffuse downwards in a very short timescale compared to the evolutionary timescale, leaving the lightest ones on the top of the envelope. This results in the main classification of white dwarfs as hydrogen rich or helium rich. But many helium rich white dwarfs show also the presence of hydrogen traces in their atmosphere, whose origin is still unsettled. Here we study, by means of full evolutionary calculations, the case for a representative model of the "He-H-Z" white dwarfs, a sub-group of helium rich white dwarfs showing both heavy elements and a large amount of hydrogen in their atmosphere. We find it impossible to explain its hydrogen atmospheric content by the convective mixing of a primordial hydrogen present in the star. We conclude that the most likely explanation is the accretion of hydrogen rich material, presumably water-bearing, coming from a debris disk.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure, Proceedings of the PHOST "Physics of Oscillating Stars" conference (2-7 Sept. 2018, Banyuls-sur-mer, France), Edited by J. Ballot, S. Vauclair, & G. Vauclair
Diffusion Variational Autoencoders
Creators: name: Rey, Luis A. Pérez
name: Menkovski, Vlado
name: Portegies, Jacobus W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A standard Variational Autoencoder, with a Euclidean latent space, is structurally incapable of capturing topological properties of certain datasets. To remove topological obstructions, we introduce Diffusion Variational Autoencoders with arbitrary manifolds as a latent space. A Diffusion Variational Autoencoder uses transition kernels of Brownian motion on the manifold. In particular, it uses properties of the Brownian motion to implement the reparametrization trick and fast approximations to the KL divergence. We show that the Diffusion Variational Autoencoder is capable of capturing topological properties of synthetic datasets. Additionally, we train MNIST on spheres, tori, projective spaces, SO(3), and a torus embedded in R3. Although a natural dataset like MNIST does not have latent variables with a clear-cut topological structure, training it on a manifold can still highlight topological and geometrical properties.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures Added an appendix with derivation of asymptotic expansion of KL divergence for heat kernel on arbitrary Riemannian manifolds, and an appendix with new experiments on binarized MNIST. Added a previously missing factor in the asymptotic expansion of the heat kernel and corrected a coefficient in asymptotic expansion KL divergence; further minor edits
Dietary nitrate does not modify blood pressure and cardiac output at rest and during exercise in older adults: a randomised cross-over study
Creators: name: C. Oggioni
name: D. G. Jakovljevic
name: M. Klonizakis
name: A. W. Ashor
name: A. Ruddock
name: M. Ranchordas
name: E. Williams
name: M. Siervo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Dietary nitrate (NO3-) supplementation has been associated with improved vascular and metabolic health. We conducted a double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled RCT to investigate the effects of 7-d consumption of beetroot juice compared with placebo on (1) blood pressure (BP) measured in resting conditions and during exercise, (2) cardiac and peripheral vascular function and (3) biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial integrity. Twenty non-smoking healthy participants aged 60–75 years and BMI 20.0–29.9 kg/m2 were recruited. Measurement was conducted before and after each 7-d intervention period. Consumption of NO3- had no effect on resting systolic and diastolic BP. NO3- consumption did not improve indexes of central and peripheral cardiac function responses during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Dietary NO3- supplementation did not modify biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial integrity. This study does not support the short-term benefits of dietary NO3- supplementation on physiological and biochemical markers of vascular health in older healthy adults.
Additional file 2 of Stand carbon storage and net primary production in China’s subtropical secondary forests are predicted to increase by 2060
Creators: name: Jin, Jia
name: Xiang, Wenhua
name: Zeng, Yelin
name: Ouyang, Shuai
name: Zhou, Xiaolu
name: Hu, Yanting
name: Zhao, Zhonghui
name: Chen, Liang
name: Lei, Pifeng
name: Deng, Xiangwen
name: Wang, Hui
name: Liu, Shirong
name: Peng, Changhui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2. The structural model of forest growth and carbon simulation from TRIPLEX1.0 (modified from Peng et al., 2002). Rectangles represent key pools or state variables, ovals represent core simulation processes, dotted lines represent controls, and solid lines represent the flow of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), water, and the fluxes between the forest ecosystem and external environment. Two arrow cycles refer to two feed-backs.
Time trends in pediatric fracture incidence in Sweden during the period 1950–2006
Creators: name: Lempesis, Vasileios
name: Rosengren, Björn E
name: Jan-Åke Nilsson
name: Landin, Lennart
name: Tiderius, Carl Johan
name: Karlsson, Magnus K
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Science Policy
Hematology

description: Background and purpose — Pediatric fracture incidence may not be stable. We describe recent pediatric fracture epidemiology and etiology and compare this to earlier data. Patients and methods — The city of Malmö (population 271,271 in 2005) in Sweden is served by 1 hospital. Using the hospital diagnosis registry, medical charts, and the radiographic archive, we identified fractures in individuals <16 years that had occurred during 2005 and 2006. We also retrieved previously collected fracture data from between 1950 and 1994, from the hospital’s pediatric fracture database. We used official population data to estimate period-specific fracture incidence (the number of fractures per 105 person-years) and also age- and sex-adjusted incidence. Differences are reported as rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals. Results — The pediatric fracture incidence during the period 2005–2006 was 1,832 per 105 person-years (2,359 in boys and 1,276 in girls), with an age-adjusted boy-to-girl ratio of 1.8 (1.6–2.1). Compared to the period 1993–1994, age-adjusted rates were unchanged (RR =0.9, 95% CI: 0.8–1.03) in 2005–2006, with lower rates in girls (RR =0.8, 95% CI: 0.7–0.99) but not in boys (RR =1.0, 95% CI: 0.9–1.1). We also found that the previously reported decrease in unadjusted incidence in Malmö from 1976–1979 to 1993–1994 was based on changes in demography, as the age-adjusted incidences were similar in the 2 periods (RR =1.0, 95% CI: 0.9–1.1). Interpretation — In Malmö, pediatric fracture incidence decreased from 1993–1994 to 2005–2006 in girls but not in boys. Changes in demography, and also other factors, influence the recent time trends.
Exotic Multiplications on Periodic Complex Bordism
Creators: name: Hahn, Jeremy
name: Yuan, Allen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Victor Snaith gave a construction of periodic complex bordism by inverting the Bott element in the suspension spectrum of $BU$. This presents an $\mathbb{E}_\infty$ structure on periodic complex bordism by different means than the usual Thom spectrum definition of the $\mathbb{E}_\infty$-ring $MUP$. Here, we prove that these two $\mathbb{E}_\infty$-rings are in fact different, though the underlying $\mathbb{E}_2$-rings are equivalent. Nonetheless, we prove that both rings $\mathbb{E}_\infty$-orient $KU_2^{\wedge}$ and other forms of $K$-theory.
description: 13 pages, comments welcome!
Preoperative psychosocial risk factors for poor outcomes at 1 and 5 years after total knee replacement
Creators: name: Wylde, Vikki
name: Trela-Larsen, Lea
name: Whitehouse, Michael R
name: Blom, Ashley W
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background and purpose — Psychosocial factors are important risk factors for poor outcomes in the first year after total knee replacement (TKR), however their impact on long-term outcomes is unclear. We aimed to identify preoperative psychosocial risk factors for poor outcomes at 1 year and 5 years after TKR. Patients and methods — 266 patients were recruited prior to TKR surgery. Knee pain and function were assessed preoperatively and at 1 and 5 years postoperative using the WOMAC Pain score, WOMAC Function score and American Knee Society Score (AKSS) Knee score. Preoperative depression, anxiety, catastrophizing, pain self-efficacy and social support were assessed. Statistical analyses involved multiple linear regression and mixed effect linear regression. Results — Higher anxiety was a risk factor for worse pain at 1 year postoperative. No psychosocial factors were associated with any outcomes at 5 years postoperative. Analysis of change over time found that patients with higher pain self-efficacy had lower preoperative pain and experienced less improvement in pain up to 1 year postoperative. Higher pain self-efficacy was associated with less improvement in the AKSS up to 1 year postoperative but more improvement between 1 and 5 years postoperative. Interpretation — Preoperative anxiety was found to influence pain at 1 year after TKR. However, none of the psychosocial variables were risk factors for a poor outcome at 5 years post­operative, suggesting that the negative effects of anxiety on outcome do not persist in the longer-term.
Subshifts of Finite Type with a Hole
Creators: name: Cheriyath, Haritha
name: Agarwal, Nikita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper examines the relationship between the escape rate and the minimal period of the hole. We consider a subshift of finite type on $q$ symbols with a union of $t$ cylinders based at words of identical length $p$ as the hole. The escape rate into the hole relates to the asymptotic behavior of the number of words of fixed length that do not contain the fixed set of (forbidden) words at which the cylinders are based. We explore the relationship between the escape rate and $r(z)$, a rational function of the correlations between the forbidden words. In particular, we prove that there exists a constant $D(t,p)$ such that if $q>D(t,p)$, then the escape rate is faster for the hole with larger value of $r(z)$ evaluated at $D(t,p)$. Further, we consider two holes each of which is a union of cylinders based at words of equal length, having zero cross-correlation, and prove that the larger is the minimal period of the collection, the faster is the escape rate. However, when the cross-correlations are non-zero, we give examples to prove that this result fails to hold. Our results are more general than the existing ones known for maps conjugate to a full shift with a single cylinder as the hole. The existing results arise as a special case of our results.
Predicting long timescale kinetics under variable experimental conditions with Kinetica.jl
Creators: name: Gilkes, Joe
name: Storr, Mark
name: Maurer, Reinhard J.
name: Habershon, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Predicting the degradation processes of molecules over long timescales is a key aspect of industrial materials design. However, it is made computationally challenging by the need to construct large networks of chemical reactions that are relevant to the experimental conditions that kinetic models must mirror, with every reaction requiring accurate kinetic data. Here we showcase Kinetica.jl, a new software package for constructing large-scale chemical reaction networks in a fully-automated fashion by exploring chemical reaction space with a kinetics-driven algorithm; coupled to efficient machine-learning models of activation energies for sampled elementary reactions, we show how this approach readily enables generation and kinetic characterization of networks containing $\sim10^{3}$ chemical species and $10^{4}$ - $10^{5}$ reactions. Symbolic-numeric modelling of the generated reaction networks is used to allow for flexible, efficient computation of kinetic profiles under experimentally-realizable conditions such as continuously-variable temperature regimes, enabling direct connection between bottom-up reaction networks and experimental observations. Highly efficient propagation of long-timescale kinetic profiles is required for automated reaction network refinement and is enabled here by a new discrete kinetic approximation. The resulting Kinetica.jl simulation package therefore enables automated generation, characterization, and long-timescale modelling of complex chemical reaction systems. We demonstrate this for hydrocarbon pyrolysis simulated over timescales of seconds, using transient temperature profiles representing those of tubular flow reactor experiments.
description: 56 pages, 13 figures
Genetic Programming for Explainable Manifold Learning
Creators: name: Cravens, Ben
name: Lensen, Andrew
name: Maddigan, Paula
name: Xue, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Manifold learning techniques play a pivotal role in machine learning by revealing lower-dimensional embeddings within high-dimensional data, thus enhancing both the efficiency and interpretability of data analysis by transforming the data into a lower-dimensional representation. However, a notable challenge with current manifold learning methods is their lack of explicit functional mappings, crucial for explainability in many real-world applications. Genetic programming, known for its interpretable functional tree-based models, has emerged as a promising approach to address this challenge. Previous research leveraged multi-objective GP to balance manifold quality against embedding dimensionality, producing functional mappings across a range of embedding sizes. Yet, these mapping trees often became complex, hindering explainability. In response, in this paper, we introduce Genetic Programming for Explainable Manifold Learning (GP-EMaL), a novel approach that directly penalises tree complexity. Our new method is able to maintain high manifold quality while significantly enhancing explainability and also allows customisation of complexity measures, such as symmetry balancing, scaling, and node complexity, catering to diverse application needs. Our experimental analysis demonstrates that GP-EMaL is able to match the performance of the existing approach in most cases, while using simpler, smaller, and more interpretable tree structures. This advancement marks a significant step towards achieving interpretable manifold learning.
description: Pre-review pre-print of paper accepted by IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence
An Empirical Investigation into Measurement and Determinants of Food Security
Creators: name: Maitra, Chandana
name: D.S. Prasada Rao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: We examine the association between calorie-based indicators and experiential indicators of food security using data from slum households of Kolkata surveyed in 2010–2011. Experiential indicator is constructed following the United States Household Food Security Survey Module. Calorie based indicator is constructed using household-specific calorie norms. Modelling techniques take account of potential endogeneity in the relationship. The two indicators are aligned in the same direction implying more accurate targeting. However, there is a lack of one-to-one correspondence between the two measures and the drivers of calorie deprivation and food insecurity also differ, suggesting a one-size-fits-all policy cannot address both concerns simultaneously.
Flux Quantization on 11-dimensional Superspace
Creators: name: Giotopoulos, Grigorios
name: Sati, Hisham
name: Schreiber, Urs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Flux quantization of the C-field in 11d supergravity is arguably necessary for the (UV-)completion of the theory, in that it determines the torsion charges carried by small numbers of M-branes. However, hypotheses about C-field flux-quantization ("models of the C-field") have previously been discussed only in the bosonic sector of 11d supergravity and ignoring the supergravity equations of motion. Here we highlight a duality-symmetric formulation of on-shell 11d supergravity on superspace, observe that this naturally lends itself to completion of the theory by flux quantization, and indeed that 11d super-spacetimes are put on-shell by carrying quantizable duality-symmetric super-C-field flux; the proof of which we present in detail.
description: 62 pages; v4: some minor cosmetic changes, such as changing the sign convention in the covariant derivative (cf. ft. 11); v3: added section 2.1.7 and various minor improvements, published version; v2: fixed lemma 2.48 and added lemma 3.6
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of ethanol extract, fractions and purified compounds from the wood of Albizia myriophylla
Creators: name: Nantiya Joycharat
name: Papawarin Issarachote
name: Chonlatid Sontimuang
name: Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Albizia myriophylla Benth. is a medicinal herb which is used as a traditional remedy for various ailments including diabetes in Thailand. In our continued investigation of the biological activity of A. myriophylla, the ethanol extract, fractions and the isolated compounds from the wood of this plant were evaluated for in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition using spectrophotometric method. The plant ethanol extract and its different fractions possessed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Dichloromethane fraction of the wood ethanol extract exhibited the highest percent inhibition against α-glucosidase (69.30%) among all fractions. Subsequent α-glucosidase inhibition assay proved that indenoic acid (1), 8-methoxy-7, 3′,4′-trihydroxyflavone (2) and 3,4,7,3′-tetrahydroxyflavan (3) were partially rational for antidiabetic effect of this plant species. Among these compounds, 3 (IC50 98.59 μg/mL) exhibited potent inhibition of α-glucosidase, compared with a positive control acarbose (IC50 125 μg/mL). The inhibitory effect towards α-glucosidase of compounds 1–3 was reported herein for the first time.
Phytochemical screening, total phenolic content and phytotoxic activity of corn (Zea mays) extracts against some indicator species
Creators: name: Hiwa M. Ahmed
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Allelopathic effects of corn (Zea mays) extracts was studied, against seed germination and seedling growth of Phalaris minor, Helianthus annuus, Triticumaestivum, Sorghum halepense, Z. mays. Bioassay results showed that aqueous extracts of corn root and shoot, markedly affected seed germination, and other parameters compared with related controls. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various phytochemicals such as tannins, phlobatannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids in both roots and shoot aqueous extracts. However, saponins were only present in the shoot aqueous extract, while in shoot ethanol extracts, only terpenoids and alkaloids were detected. Additionally, total polyphenolic (TPC) content in aqueous extracts of corn root and shoot, plus ethanol extracts of corn shoot were determined using an Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Results revealed TPC content of the corn shoot aqueous extract showed the highest yield, compared to other extracts. These findings suggest that phytochemicals present in Z. mays extracts may contribute to allelopathy effect.
Extending the Scope of Robust Quadratic Optimization
Creators: name: Marandi, Ahmadreza
name: Ben-Tal, Aharon
name: Hertog, Dick den
name: Melenberg, Bertrand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We derive computationally tractable formulations of the robust counterparts of convex quadratic and conic quadratic constraints that are concave in matrix-valued uncertain parameters. We do this for a broad range of uncertainty sets. In particular, we show how to reformulate the support functions of uncertainty sets represented in terms of matrix norms and cones. Our results provide extensions to known results from the literature. We also consider hard quadratic constraints; those that are convex in uncertain matrix-valued parameters. For the robust counterpart of such constraints we derive inner and outer tractable approximations. As application, we show how to construct a natural uncertainty set based on a statistical confidence set around a sample mean vector and covariance matrix and use this to provide a tractable reformulation of the robust counterpart of an uncertain portfolio optimization problem. We also apply the results of this paper to a norm approximation and a regression line problem.
Regularized deep learning with nonconvex penalties
Creators: name: Vettam, Sujit
name: John, Majnu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Regularization methods are often employed in deep learning neural networks (DNNs) to prevent overfitting. For penalty based DNN regularization methods, convex penalties are typically considered because of their optimization guarantees. Recent theoretical work have shown that nonconvex penalties that satisfy certain regularity conditions are also guaranteed to perform well with standard optimization algorithms. In this paper, we examine new and currently existing nonconvex penalties for DNN regularization. We provide theoretical justifications for the new penalties and also assess the performance of all penalties with DNN analyses of seven datasets.
Perch selection in a guild of tropical dragonflies (Odonata: Libellulidae): relationships with body size and thermal ecology
Creators: name: Worthen, Wade B.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: In the temperate zone, male perch height of co-occurring dragonfly species (Odonata: Libellulidae) often correlates with species body size. I tested for this relationship in a guild of tropical dragonflies at a wetland at La Selva Biological Station, Heredia, Costa Rica. Males of 12 species were observed perching in January–February 2016. Mean male perch height was positively correlated with species body size. For six common species, I quantified differences in perch substrate selection, relationships between diurnal activity, temperature and radiation, and aggressive interactions. The largest species, Libellula herculea and Orthemis discolor, exhibited typical heliotherm behavior: they used sunny perches at mid-day, and activity correlated more with radiation than temperature. Orthemis cultriformis, a slightly smaller heliotherm, was active at mid-day but used shadier perches. Micrathyria atra – previously classified as a “behavioral endotherm” – behaved accordingly, avoiding over-heating by flying early and perching in moderate light. The smallest common species, Erythrodiplax fervida, departed from the expected “thermoconformer” behavior by showing no relationship between activity and temperature, perching throughout the day in shaded grasses. The medium-sized Cannaphila insularis was unusual, perching 1 m higher than other species. Like larger heliotherms, activity occurred mid-day and correlated with solar radiation. Larger species exhibited greater degrees of interspecific aggression than smaller species. Cannaphila insularis is a docile species, but juveniles and females resemble the larger, more aggressive O. cultriformis. I hypothesize that C. insularis perches high to escape harassment and “reproductive interference” by O. cultriformis.
Liver cirrhosis stages and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving antiviral therapy
Creators: name: Jae-Jun Shim
name: Oh, Chi Hyuck
name: Kim, Jung Wook
name: Lee, Chang Kyun
name: Kim, Byung-Ho
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objectives: Long-term antiviral therapy decreases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), however, it cannot eliminate the risk. We investigated the incidence of HCC at different stages of liver cirrhosis (LC) and identified clinical predictors for HCC development during antiviral therapy. Methods: The data from 356 treatment-naïve patients aged 40 to 69 years without a history of HCC who had received entecavir for ≥6 months were collected retrospectively. The incidence of HCC was evaluated in patients with CHB only, with LC without varices (stage 1), with varices (stage 2), and with ascites (stage 3). Results: The median follow-up period was 3.6 years. In total, 45 patients (12.6%) developed HCC. The annual incidence rates of HCC in patients with CHB only or LC in stages 1, 2, and 3 were 0.4%, 2.6%, 9.8%, and 6.7%, respectively. In multivariate analyzes, LC at stage 2 (hazard ratio [HR] 17.16, 95% confidence interval [C.I.] 3.93–75.01, p p p = .010) were significantly associated with HCC development. The risk decreased in those who stopped drinking after 2 years of abstinence (p = .0314). Conclusions: LC with significant portal hypertension (varices or ascites), alcohol consumption, and older age at the time of starting antiviral therapy are independent predictors for future HCC development.
Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution Based on Routed Bell Tests
Creators: name: Roy-Deloison, Tristan Le
name: Lobo, Edwin Peter
name: Pauwels, Jef
name: Pironio, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photon losses are the main obstacle to fully photonic implementations of device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD). Motivated by recent work showing that routed Bell scenarios offer increased robustness to detection inefficiencies for the certification of long-range quantum correlations, we investigate DIQKD protocols based on a routed setup. In these protocols, in some of the test rounds, photons from the source are routed by an actively controlled switch to a nearby test device instead of the distant one. We show how to analyze the security of these protocols and compute lower bounds on the key rates using noncommutative polynomial optimization and the Brown-Fawzi-Fawzi method. We determine lower bounds on the asymptotic key rates of several simple two-qubit routed DIQKD protocols based on CHSH or BB84 correlations and compare their performance to standard protocols. For high-quality short-path tests, we find that routed DIQKD protocols are significantly more robust to losses, showing an improvement of approximately $30\%$ in the detection efficiency compared to their nonrouted counterparts. This translates to a large improvement in the distance over which nonzero key can be distilled in optical setups with near-perfect single-photon detectors, where the main source of loss in the setup is due to transmission in the fiber. Notably, the routed BB84 protocol achieves a positive key rate with a detection efficiency as low as $50\%$ for the distant device, the minimal threshold for any QKD protocol featuring two untrusted measurements. However, the advantages we find are highly sensitive to noise and losses affecting the short-range correlations involving the additional test device.
description: Version2: Slight improvements in the text. Close to published version
Macroscopic findings, incidence and characteristics of microscopic colitis in a large cohort of patients from the United Kingdom
Creators: name: Kane, John S.
name: Olorunda Rotimi
name: Ford, Alexander C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Objective: Microscopic colitis (MC) is classically associated with normal or near-normal endoscopic appearances. However, non-specific macroscopic findings have been described, the importance of biopsy location for confirming a diagnosis of MC is unclear, and reported incidence data from the United Kingdom are limited. This study was designed to assess macroscopic features, incidence, demographics, and location and positivity of biopsy samples in MC. Materials and methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional study of individuals with newly diagnosed MC. Results: From 2010 to 2015, 540 cases of MC were reported. Macroscopic findings occurred in 16.5% (n = 89) cases, with trends towards increased frequency of ulceration or linear scarring in collagenous colitis (CC). The mean incidence of MC was 11.3 per 100,000 population/year, including 291 (53.9%) with CC (incidence 6.1 per 100,000/year), 203 (37.6%) with lymphocytic colitis (incidence 4.2 per 100,000/year) and 46 (8.5%) with MC, not otherwise specified. Most individuals were female (70.2%). Common features in patients with MC included symptom duration <6 months, weight loss, abdominal pain and use of proton pump inhibitors, statins, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In individuals with right- and left-sided biopsies taken, 98.2% had diagnostic features in both. However, rectal biopsies were only positive in 88.7%. Conclusions: One in six patients with MC demonstrated distinct macroscopic findings at colonoscopy. Our data confirm a female preponderance in MC, a relatively short symptom duration and use of certain drugs as common features. Both right- and left-sided biopsies were frequently positive, suggesting flexible sigmoidoscopy and biopsy could confirm a diagnosis in certain individuals.
Global properties of vector fields on compact Lie groups in Komatsu classes
Creators: name: Kirilov, Alexandre
name: de Moraes, Wagner Augusto Almeida
name: Ruzhansky, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R03, 46F05 (Primary), 22E30, 35H10 (Secondary)

description: In this paper we characterize completely the global hypoellipticity and global solvability in the sense of Komatsu (of Roumieu and Beurling types) of constant-coefficients vector fields on compact Lie groups. We also analyze the influence of perturbations by lower order terms in the preservation of these properties.
description: 23 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1910.00059
Additional file 3 of Stand carbon storage and net primary production in China’s subtropical secondary forests are predicted to increase by 2060
Creators: name: Jin, Jia
name: Xiang, Wenhua
name: Zeng, Yelin
name: Ouyang, Shuai
name: Zhou, Xiaolu
name: Hu, Yanting
name: Zhao, Zhonghui
name: Chen, Liang
name: Lei, Pifeng
name: Deng, Xiangwen
name: Wang, Hui
name: Liu, Shirong
name: Peng, Changhui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 3. Compatibility superposition relative growth equation (lnWi = ßi0 + ßi1 × lnD ) regression coefficients of biomass ( Wi, kg) and DBH (D, cm) for each part of the tree species (values in parentheses is standard error) and fitting parameters.
Temperature dependence of quantum oscillations from non-parabolic dispersions
Creators: name: Guo, Chunyu
name: Alexandradinata, A.
name: Putzke, Carsten
name: Estry, Amelia
name: Tu, Teng
name: Kumar, Nitesh
name: Fan, Feng-Ren
name: Zhang, Shengnan
name: Wu, Quansheng
name: Yazyev, Oleg V.
name: Shirer, Kent R.
name: Bachmann, Maja D.
name: Peng, Hailin
name: Bauer, Eric D.
name: Ronning, Filip
name: Sun, Yan
name: Shekhar, Chandra
name: Felser, Claudia
name: Moll, Philip J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase offset of quantum oscillations is commonly used to experimentally diagnose topologically non-trivial Fermi surfaces. This methodology, however, is inconclusive for spin-orbit-coupled metals where $π$-phase-shifts can also arise from non-topological origins. Here, we show that the linear dispersion in topological metals leads to a $T^2$-temperature correction to the oscillation frequency that is absent for parabolic dispersions. We confirm this effect experimentally in the Dirac semi-metal Cd$_3$As$_2$ and the multiband Dirac metal LaRhIn$_5$. Both materials match a tuning-parameter-free theoretical prediction, emphasizing their unified origin. For topologically trivial Bi$_2$O$_2$Se, no frequency shift associated to linear bands is observed as expected. However, the $π$-phase shift in Bi$_2$O$_2$Se would lead to a false positive in a Landau-fan plot analysis. Our frequency-focused methodology does not require any input from ab-initio calculations, and hence is promising for identifying correlated topological materials.
Exploring educational interventions to facilitate health professional students’ professionally safe online presence
Creators: name: Henning, Marcus A.
name: Hawken, Susan
name: MacDonald, Joanna
name: McKimm, Judy
name: Brown, Menna
name: Moriarty, Helen
name: Gasquoine, Sue
name: Kwong Chan
name: Hilder, Jo
name: Wilkinson, Tim
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Objective: To establish the most effective approach and type of educational intervention for health professional students, to enable them to maintain a professionally safe online presence. Method: This was a qualitative, multinational, multi-institutional, multiprofessional study. Practical considerations (availability of participants) led us to use a combination of focus groups and individual interviews, strengthening our findings by triangulating our method of data collection. The study gathered data from 57 nursing, medical and paramedical students across four sites in three countries (Aotearoa/New Zealand, Australia and Wales). A content analysis was conducted to clarify how and why students used Facebook and what strategies they thought might be useful to ensure professional usage. A series of emergent codes were examined and a thematic analysis undertaken from which key themes were crystallized. Results: The results illuminated the ways in which students use social networking sites (SNS). The three key themes to emerge from the data analysis were negotiating identities, distancing and risks. Students expressed the wish to have material about professional safety on SNS taught to them by authoritative figures to explain “the rules” as well as by peers to assist with practicalities. Our interactive research method demonstrated the transformative capacity of the students working in groups. Conclusions: Our study supports the need for an educational intervention to assist health professional students to navigate SNS safely and in a manner appropriate to their future roles as health professionals. Because health professional students develop their professional identity throughout their training, we suggest that the most appropriate intervention incorporate small group interactive sessions from those in authority, and from peers, combined with group work that facilitates and enhances the students’ development of a professional identity.
Periodic staircase matrices and generalized cluster structures
Creators: name: Gekhtman, Misha
name: Shapiro, Michael
name: Vainshtein, Alek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13F60

description: As is well-known, cluster transformations in cluster structures of geometric type are often modeled on determinant identities, such as short Plucker relations, Desnanot--Jacobi identities and their generalizations. We present a construction that plays a similar role in a description of generalized cluster transformations and discuss its applications to generalized cluster structures in GL_n compatible with a certain subclass of Belavin--Drinfeld Poisson--Lie brackets, in the Drinfeld double of GL_n, and in spaces of periodic difference operators.
description: 30 pages, 6 figures
FOOL: Addressing the Downlink Bottleneck in Satellite Computing with Neural Feature Compression
Creators: name: Furutanpey, Alireza
name: Zhang, Qiyang
name: Raith, Philipp
name: Pfandzelter, Tobias
name: Wang, Shangguang
name: Dustdar, Schahram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Nanosatellite constellations equipped with sensors capturing large geographic regions provide unprecedented opportunities for Earth observation. As constellation sizes increase, network contention poses a downlink bottleneck. Orbital Edge Computing (OEC) leverages limited onboard compute resources to reduce transfer costs by processing the raw captures at the source. However, current solutions have limited practicability due to reliance on crude filtering methods or over-prioritizing particular downstream tasks. This work presents FOOL, an OEC-native and task-agnostic feature compression method that preserves prediction performance. FOOL partitions high-resolution satellite imagery to maximize throughput. Further, it embeds context and leverages inter-tile dependencies to lower transfer costs with negligible overhead. While FOOL is a feature compressor, it can recover images with competitive scores on quality measures at lower bitrates. We extensively evaluate transfer cost reduction by including the peculiarity of intermittently available network connections in low earth orbit. Lastly, we test the feasibility of our system for standardized nanosatellite form factors. We demonstrate that FOOL permits downlinking over 100x the data volume without relying on prior information on the downstream tasks.
description: Version Accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
A qualitative study of medical educators’ perspectives on remediation: Adopting a holistic approach to struggling residents
Creators: name: Krzyzaniak, Sara M.
name: Wolf, Stephen J.
name: Byyny, Richard
name: Barker, Lisa
name: Kaplan, Bonnie
name: Wall, Stephen
name: Guerrasio, Jeannette
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Developmental Biology
Science Policy

description: Introduction: During residency, some trainees require the identification and remediation of deficiencies to achieve the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary for independent practice. Given the limited published frameworks for remediation, we characterize remediation from the perspective of educators and propose a holistic framework to guide the approach to remediation. Methods: We conducted semistructured focus groups to: explore methods for identifying struggling residents; categorize common domains of struggle; describe personal factors that contribute to difficulties; define remediation interventions and understand what constitutes successful completion. Data were analyzed through conventional content analysis. Results: Nineteen physicians across multiple specialties and institutions participated in seven focus groups. Thirteen categories emerged around remediation. Some themes addressed practical components of remediation, while others reflected barriers to the process and the impact of remediation on the resident and program. The themes were used to inform development of a novel holistic framework for remediation. Conclusions: The approach to remediation requires comprehensive identification of individual factors impacting performance. The intervention should not only include a tailored learning plan but also address confounders that impact likelihood of remediation success. Our holistic framework intends to guide educators creating remediation plans to ensure all domains are addressed.
Forces Between Kinks in $ϕ^8$ Theory
Creators: name: d'Ornellas, Peru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of the kinks that emerge in a one-dimensional scalar field theory with an octic potential containing a quartic minimum and two quadratic minima. We show analytically that kink-antikink and kink-kink pairs interact with a force that scales with the fourth power of the inter-kink distance, and calculate its strength. This is done using two different techniques. The first employs a collective coordinate method to approximately solve the equation of motion for the profile of an accelerating kink. The second is based on modifying the potential to one that is able to support static solutions containing multiple kinks. We show that the two methods give consistent results. All calculations are supported by numerical work that confirms the validity of our results.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures
Distributing Points on the Torus via Modular Inverses
Creators: name: Humphries, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11K06 (primary), 11K38, 11L05 (secondary)

description: We study various statistics regarding the distribution of the points \[\left\{\left(\frac{d}{q},\frac{\overline{d}}{q}\right) \in \mathbb{T}^2 : d \in (\mathbb{Z}/q\mathbb{Z})^{\times}\right\}\] as $q$ tends to infinity. Due to nontrivial bounds for Kloosterman sums, it is known that these points equidistribute on the torus. We prove refinements of this result, including bounds for the discrepancy, small scale equidistribution, bounds for the covering exponent associated to these points, sparse equidistribution, and mixing.
description: 11 pages
Additional file 1 of An individual nomogram can reliably predict tumor spread through air spaces in non-small-cell lung cancer
Creators: name: Wang, Shuai
name: Shou, Huankai
name: Wen, Haoyu
name: Wang, Xingxing
name: Wang, Haixing
name: Lu, Chunlai
name: Gu, Jie
name: Xu, Fengkai
name: Zhu, Qiaoliang
name: Wang, Lin
name: Ge, Di
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Table S1. Multivariate analysis of factors associated with tumor STAS.