cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An analytical treatment of in-plane magnetotransport in the Falicov-Sievert model
Creators: name: Nowojewski, Andrzej
name: Blundell, Stephen J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an analytical expression which allows efficient computation of the effect of all the Fermi surface trajectories induced by a combination of Bragg scattering and magnetic breakdown on the in-plane components of the resistivity tensor. The particular network of coupled orbits which we consider was first formulated by Falicov and Sievert, who studied the problem numerically. Our approach, based upon a method used previously to derive an analytical solution for interlayer transport, allows us to show that the conductivity tensor can be written as a sum of a matrix representing the effect of total magnetic breakdown and one representing a combination of complex electronic trajectories, and we find a compact expression for the in-plane components of the resistivity tensor that can be evaluated straightforwardly.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Microfabrication of the Ammonia Plasma-Activated Nickel Nitride− Nickel Thin Film for Overall Water Splitting in the Microfluidic Membraneless Electrolyzer
Creators: name: Kumar, Pawan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90402 Catalytic Process Engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering
subject: 90403 Chemical Engineering Design
subject: 30604 Electrochemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Environmental Chemistry
subject: 30102 Electroanalytical Chemistry
subject: 30103 Flow Analysis
subject: 39903 Industrial Chemistry
subject: 30306 Synthesis of Materials

description: Hydrogen production in the microfluidic alkaline membraneless electrolyzer (μAME) marks a new paradigm in sustainable energy technology. One challenge in this field is implementing a bifunctional catalyst to catalyze hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction using methods compatible with microfabrication techniques. Herein, the scalable synthesis, micropatterning, and performance of a nickel nitride (Ni3N/Ni) bifunctional catalyst are demonstrated. Microfabrication is used to pattern Ni microelectrodes, and nitridation and N–H grafting of the electrodes—which also act as the catalysts—are achieved by ammonia plasma. These electrodes are incorporated into the μAME device, and the electrolyte flow rate is optimized to maximize gas product separation. The μAME is operated in a two-electrode configuration exhibiting a current density of 263.73 mA cm–2 at 2.5 V and a stable 6 h operation for overall water splitting. The μAME performance efficiency is 99.86%, with a current density of 150 mA cm–2. Gas chromatography of the electrolysis products revealed no gas cross-over across the electrodes. Volumetric collection efficiencies of 97.72% for H2 and 96.14% for O2 are obtained. The performance of the μAME is comparable to a membrane-based electrolyzer operating under stringent conditions of high temperature (60–80 °C) and extreme electrolyte pH (30–40 wt % KOH).
Beyond MFV in family symmetry theories of fermion masses
Creators: name: Lalak, Zygmunt
name: Pokorski, Stefan
name: Ross, Graham G
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Minimal Flavour Violation (MFV) postulates that the only source of flavour changing neutral currents and CP violation, as in the Standard Model, is the CKM matrix. However it does not address the origin of fermion masses and mixing and models that do usually have a structure that goes well beyond the MFV framework. In this paper we compare the MFV predictions with those obtained in models based on spontaneously broken (horizontal) family symmetries, both Abelian and non-Abelian. The generic suppression of flavour changing processes in these models turns out to be weaker than in the MFV hypothesis. Despite this, in the supersymmetric case, the suppression may still be consistent with a solution to the hierarchy problem, with masses of superpartners below 1 TeV. A comparison of FCNC and CP violation in processes involving a variety of different family quantum numbers should be able to distinguish between various family symmetry models and models satisfying the MFV hypothesis.
description: 34 pages, no figures
The bright unidentified gamma-ray source 1FGL J1227.9-4852: Can it be associated with an LMXB?
Creators: name: Hill, A. B.
name: Szostek, A.
name: Corbel, S.
name: Camilo, F.
name: Corbet, R. H. D.
name: Dubois, R.
name: Dubus, G.
name: Edwards, P. G.
name: Ferrara, E. C.
name: Kerr, M.
name: Koerding, E.
name: Kozieł, D.
name: Stawarz, Ł.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of high energy (HE; 0.1-300 GeV) gamma-ray observations of 1FGL J1227.9-4852 with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, follow-up radio observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array, Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope and Parkes radio telescopes of the same field and follow-up optical observations with the ESO VLT. We also examine archival XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL X-ray observations of the region around this source. The gamma-ray spectrum of 1FGL J1227.9-4852 is best fit with an exponentially cutoff power-law, reminiscent of the population of pulsars observed by Fermi. A previously unknown, compact radio source within the 99.7% error circle of 1FGL J1227.9-4852 is discovered and has a morphology consistent either with an AGN core/jet structure or with two roughly symmetric lobes of a distant radio galaxy. A single bright X-ray source XSS J12270-4859, a low-mass X-ray binary, also lies within the 1FGL J1227.9-4852 error circle and we report the first detection of radio emission from this source. The potential association of 1FGL J1227.9-4852 with each of these counterparts is discussed. Based upon the available data we find the association of the gamma-ray source to the compact double radio source unlikely and suggest that XSS J12270-4859 is a more likely counterpart to the new HE source. We propose that XSS J12270-4859 may be a millisecond binary pulsar and draw comparisons with PSR J1023+0038.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 9 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
Harvesting Hot Holes in Plasmon-Coupled Ultrathin Photoanodes for High-Performance Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Creators: name: Kumar, Pawan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 30301 Chemical Characterisation of Materials
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 30603 Colloid and Surface Chemistry
subject: 30604 Electrochemistry
subject: 30302 Nanochemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry
subject: 30605 Solution Chemistry

description: The harvesting of hot carriers produced by plasmon decay to generate electricity or drive a chemical reaction enables the reduction of the thermalization losses associated with supra-band gap photons in semiconductor photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells. Through the broadband harvesting of light, hot-carrier PEC devices also produce a sensitizing effect in heterojunctions with wide-band gap metal oxide semiconductors possessing good photostability and catalytic activity but poor absorption of visible wavelength photons. There are several reports of hot electrons in Au injected over the Schottky barrier into crystalline TiO2 and subsequently utilized to drive a chemical reaction but very few reports of hot hole harvesting. In this work, we demonstrate the efficient harvesting of hot holes in Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) covered with a thin layer of amorphous TiO2 (a-TiO2). Under AM1.5G 1 sun illumination, photoanodes consisting of a single layer of ∼50 nm diameter Au NPs coated with a 10 nm shell of a-TiO2 (Au@a-TiO2) generated 2.5 mA cm–2 of photocurrent in 1 M KOH under 0.6 V external bias, rising to 3.7 mA cm–2 in the presence of a hole scavenger (methanol). The quantum yield for hot-carrier-mediated photocurrent generation was estimated to be close to unity for high-energy photons (λ < 420 nm). Au@a-TiO2 photoelectrodes produced a small positive photocurrent of 0.1 mA cm–2 even at a bias of −0.6 V indicating extraction of hot holes even at a strong negative bias. These results together with density functional theory modeling and scanning Kelvin probe force microscope data indicate fast injection of hot holes from Au NPs into a-TiO2 and light harvesting performed near-exclusively by Au NPs. For comparison, Au NPs coated with a 10 nm shell of Al2O3 (Au@Al2O3) generated 0.02 mA cm–2 of photocurrent in 1 M KOH under 0.6 V external bias. These results underscore the critical role played by a-TiO2 in the extraction of holes in Au@a-TiO2 photoanodes, which is not replicated by an ordinary dielectric shell. It is also demonstrated here that an ultrathin photoanode (<100 nm in maximum thickness) can efficiently drive sunlight-driven water splitting.
Asymptotic theory of relativistic, magnetized jets
Creators: name: Lyubarsky, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of a relativistically hot, strongly magnetized jet is investigated at large distances from the source. Asymptotic equations are derived describing collimation and acceleration of the externally confined jet. Conditions are found for the transformation of the thermal energy into the fluid kinetic energy or into the Poynting flux. Simple scalings are presented for the jet collimation angle and Lorentz factors.
description: To appear in Phys.RevE
Generalized Geologic Map for Land-Use Planning: Carroll County, Kentucky
Creators: name: Smath, Richard A.
name: Davidson, Bart
name: Carey, Daniel I.
name: Kiefer, John D.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky
Year: 2006

description: Abstract:
This map is not intended to be used for selecting individual sites. Its purpose is to inform land-use planners, government officials, and the public in a general way about geologic bedrock conditions that affect the selection of sites for various purposes. The properties of thick soils may supercede those of the underlying bedrock and should be considered on a site-to-site basis. At any site, it is important to understand the characteristics of both the soils and the underlying rock.
Simultaneous imaging of structural and functional plasticity in the awake brain
Creators: name: Podgorski, Kaspar Jan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: During learning, and particularly during development, neurons in the brain undergo structural and functional changes that are intricately interrelated. This plasticity is guided by patterns of activity that encode information about the environment, allowing the brain to adapt to an organism's specific experiences. Here I developed optical methods and analysis tools to measure and analyze sensory-evoked activity patterns in the awake brain, and track how sensory information guides plasticity. Several different methods and their applications are presented. I described models and analysis tools for nonlinear decoding of somatic activity patterns in populations of neurons, and used them to track functional reorganization of neural circuits during training. I identified a group of ultrabright and stable organic dyes that enable two-photon imaging deep within living tissue, and applied them to produce a sensitive intracellular label for excitatory synapses. I developed a random access microscope capable of tracking activity at all excitatory synapses on a neuron simultaneously, enabling the first comprehensive measurements of a single neuron's dendritic input and firing output within the awake brain. I used this microscope to track neurons' comprehensive activity and structural changes across plasticity-inducing training, and identified rules by which somatic and dendritic activity direct the detailed growth patterns of dendrites, producing spatially clustered input patterns along neurons' dendritic arbor. Throughout this work, I've taken advantage of the Xenopus laevis model system to observe rapid experience-dependent plasticity in the awake, developing brain. These results demonstrate ways in which specific experiences direct the detailed connectivity of developing neural circuits.
Most Submillimetre Galaxies are Major Mergers
Creators: name: Engel, H.
name: Tacconi, L. J.
name: Davies, R. I.
name: Neri, R.
name: Smail, I.
name: Chapman, S. C.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Cox, P.
name: Greve, T. R.
name: Ivison, R. J.
name: Blain, A.
name: Bertoldi, F.
name: Omont, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse subarcsecond resolution interferometric CO line data for twelve sub-millimetre-luminous (S850um > 5mJy) galaxies with redshifts between 1 and 3, presenting new data for four of them. Morphologically and kinematically most of the twelve systems appear to be major mergers. Five of them are well-resolved binary systems, and seven are compact or poorly resolved. Of the four binary systems for which mass measurements for both separate components can be made, all have mass ratios of 1:3 or closer. Furthermore, comparison of the ratio of compact to binary systems with that observed in local ULIRGs indicates that at least a significant fraction of the compact SMGs must also be late-stage mergers. In addition, the dynamical and gas masses we derive are most consistent with the lower end of the range of stellar masses published for these systems, favouring cosmological models in which SMGs result from mergers. These results all point to the same conclusion, that likely most of the bright SMGs with L_IR > 5x10e12L_sun are major mergers.
description: 25 pages, 6 Figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Coupled scalar fields in a flat FRW universe: renormalisation
Creators: name: Baacke, Jurgen
name: Covi, Laura
name: Kevlishvili, Nina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non-equilibrium dynamics of a system of coupled scalar fields in a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe. We consider the evolution of spatially homogeneous "classical" fields and of their quantum fluctuations including the quantum backreaction in the one-loop approximation. We discuss in particular the dimensional regularisation of the coupled system and a special subtraction procedure in order to obtain the renormalised equations of motion and the renormalised energy-momentum tensor and ensure that the energy is well-defined and covariantly conserved. These results represent at the same time a theoretical analysis and a viable scheme for stable numerical simulations. As an example for an application of the general formalism, we present simulations for a hybrid inflationary model.
description: 41 pages, 6 figures, LateX
Prospect of polarisation measurements from black hole binaries in their thermal state with a scattering polarimeter
Creators: name: Maitra, Chandreyee
name: Paul, Biswajit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray polarisation measurement is a unique tool which may provide crucial information regarding the emission mechanism and the geometry of various astrophysical sources, like neutron stars, accreting black holes, pulsar wind nebulae, AGNs, Supernova Remnants etc. and can help us to probe matter under extreme magnetic fields and extreme gravitational fields. Although the three other domains of X-ray Astronomy i.e. timing, spectral and imaging are well developed, there has been very little progress in X-ray Polarimetry with only one definitive polarisation measurement and a few upper limits available so far. Radiation from accreting black holes in their thermal dominated (High Soft) state is expected to be polarised due to scattering in the plane parallel atmosphere of the disk. Also, special and general relativistic effects in the innermost parts of the disk predicts energy dependent rotation in the plane of polarisation and some distinct signatures which can be used as a probe for measuring the parameters of the black hole like its spin, emissivity profile and the angle of inclination of the system. We present the results from an analysis of expected minimum detectable polarisation from some of the galactic black hole binaries GRO J1655-40, GX339-4, H1743-322, Cyg X-1 and XTE J1817-330 in their thermal dominated state with a proposed Thomson X-ray Polarimeter. A proposal for a scattering polarimeter has been submitted to the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) for a dedicated small satellite mission and a laboratory unit has been built. Along with the measurement of the degree of polarisation, the polarisation angle measurement is also important, hence the error in the polarisation angle measurement for a range of detection significance is also obtained.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication by MNRAS
Polymeric carbon nitride-based photocatalysts for photoreforming of biomass derivatives
Creators: name: Kumar, Pawan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 30403 Characterisation of Biological Macromolecules
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30301 Chemical Characterisation of Materials
subject: 30603 Colloid and Surface Chemistry
subject: 30604 Electrochemistry
subject: 30504 Organic Green Chemistry
subject: 30206 Solid State Chemistry

description: Photoreforming of biomass to value-added chemicals and fuels is a chemical approach to extract photosynthetically-trapped energy in complex biomolecules which otherwise disintegrate naturally in the environment. Designing precise photocatalytic materials that can selectively break the sturdy, nature-designed biomass with multiplex chemical composition/bonding and inaccessible sites is central to deploying this technology. Polymeric carbon nitride (CN) comprised of a 2D network of condensed heptazine/triazine (C6N7/C3N3) core has shown great promise for photoreforming of biomass derivatives due to intriguing physicochemical and optical properties. This review comprehensively summarizes the state-of-the-art applications of CN-based photocatalysts for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass derivatives. Various chemical and structural modifications in CN structure such as doping, surface functionalization, hybridization entailing to higher selectivity and conversion have been discussed aiming at providing valuable guidance for future CN-based materials design.
Can conduction induce convection? The non-linear saturation of buoyancy instabilities in dilute plasmas
Creators: name: McCourt, Michael
name: Parrish, Ian J.
name: Sharma, Prateek
name: Quataert, Eliot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of anisotropic thermal conduction on low-collisionality, astrophysical plasmas using two and three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations. For weak magnetic fields, dilute plasmas are buoyantly unstable for either sign of the temperature gradient: the heat-flux-driven buoyancy instability (HBI) operates when the temperature increases with radius while the magnetothermal instability (MTI) operates in the opposite limit. In contrast to previous results, we show that, in the presence of a sustained temperature gradient, the MTI drives strong turbulence and operates as an efficient magnetic dynamo (akin to standard, adiabatic convection). Together, the turbulent and magnetic energies contribute up to ~10% of the pressure support in the plasma. In addition, the MTI drives a large convective heat flux, ~1.5% of rho c_s^3. These findings are robust even in the presence of an external source of strong turbulence. Our results on the nonlinear saturation of the HBI are consistent with previous studies but we explain physically why the HBI saturates quiescently by re-orienting the magnetic field (suppressing the conductive heat flux through the plasma), while the MTI saturates by generating sustained turbulence. We also systematically study how an external source of turbulence affects the saturation of the HBI: such turbulence can disrupt the HBI only on scales where the shearing rate of the turbulence is faster than the growth rate of the HBI. In particular, our results provide a simple mapping between the level of turbulence in a plasma and the effective isotropic thermal conductivity. We discuss the astrophysical implications of these findings, with a particular focus on the intracluster medium of galaxy clusters.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures. Submitted to MNRAS
Stochastic mean curvature flow
Creators: name: Dabrock, Nils
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Stochastic mean curvature flow
subject: Stochastic partial differential equations
subject: Differential geometry
subject: Mittlere Krümmung
subject: Krümmungsfluss
subject: Stochastische partielle Differentialgleichung
subject: Differentialgeometrie

description: In this thesis we study a stochastically perturbed mean curvature flow (SMCF). In case of graphs, existence of weak solutions has already been established for one-dimensional and two-dimensional periodic surfaces with a spatially homogeneous perturbation. We extend this result by proving existence of solutions in arbitrary dimensions perturbed by noise which is white in time and colored in space. In addition, we work with a stronger notion of solution which corresponds to strong solutions in the PDE sense. For this, we give a new interpretation of graphical SMCF as a degenerate variational stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) with compact embedding. In order to infer existence of an approximating sequence, we extend the theory of variational SPDEs such that we can treat SMCF within this framework. In order to pass to the limit with the approximating sequence, we prove new a-priori bounds for graphical SMCF. With this a-priori bounds, we can characterize the large-time behavior of solutions in case of spatially homogeneous noise. In particular, we will prove that solutions become asymptotically constant in space and behave like the driving noise in time. This strengthens a previously established one-dimensional large-time result by extending it to higher dimensions and proving stronger convergence. Furthermore, we propose a numerical scheme for graphical SMCF which employs the variational interpretation we have analyzed before. Using this scheme, we present Monte-Carlo simulations visualizing the energy estimates we have used in the analytic part of this thesis. Moreover, we discuss the regularity and uniqueness of solutions and give conditional results for both. We complement the previous results, especially the existence result, by investigating how they extend to SMCF with respect to an anisotropic notion of curvature.
A Survey on Cross-Layer Design Frameworks for Multimedia Applications over Wireless Networks
Creators: name: Sen, Jaydip
name: Bhattacharya, Shomik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the last few years, the Internet throughput, usage and reliability have increased almost exponentially. The introduction of broadband wireless mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and cellular networks together with increased computational power have opened the door for a new breed of applications to be created, namely real-time multimedia applications. Delivering real-time multimedia traffic over a complex network like the Internet is a particularly challenging task since these applications have strict quality -of-service (QoS) requirements on bandwidth, delay, and delay jitter. Traditional IP-based best effort service will not be able to meet these stringent requirements. The time-varying nature of wireless channels and resource constrained wireless devices make the problem even more difficult. To improve perceived media quality by end users over wireless Internet, QoS supports can be addressed in different layers, including application layer, transport layer and link layer. Cross layer design is a well-known approach to achieve this adaptation. In cross-layer design, the challenges from the physical wireless medium and the QoS-demands from the applications are taken into account so that the rate, power, and coding at the physical layer can adapted to meet the requirements of the applications given the current channel and network conditions. A number of propositions for cross-layer designs exist in the literature. In this paper, an extensive review has been made on these cross-layer architectures that combine the application-layer, transport layer and the link layer controls. Particularly the issues like channel estimation techniques, adaptive controls at the application and link layers for energy efficiency, priority based scheduling, transmission rate control at the transport layer, and adaptive automatic repeat request (ARQ) are discussed in detail.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
Quantum phase transition in the spin boson model
Creators: name: Florens, S.
name: Venturelli, D.
name: Narayanan, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we give a general introduction to quantum critical phenomena, which we practically illustrate by a detailed study of the low energy properties of the spin boson model (SBM), describing the dynamics of a spin 1/2 impurity (or more generically a two-level system) coupled to a bath of independent harmonic oscillators. We show that the behavior of the model is very sensitive to the bath spectrum, in particular how the properties of the quantum critical point in the SBM are affected by the functional form of the bath Density of States (DoS). To this effect, we review the renormalization group (RG) treatment of the SBM for various bath DoS, based on an unconventional Majorana representation of the spin 1/2 degree of freedom. We also discuss the derivation of Shiba's relation for the sub-ohmic SBM, and explicitely derive an effective action vindicating the quantum to classical mapping.
description: Introductory book chapter. 18 pages, 8 figures
Modulation of vestibular-evoked reflexes and oculomotor function when standing under height-induced states of fear, anxiety and arousal
Creators: name: Naranjo Naranjo, Eduardo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: As an important source of information for postural control, the Vestibular System may contribute to anxiety-related effects on balance control during stance and gait, particularly through increases in the vestibulospinal reflex (VSR) gain. While vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain has been associated with chronic anxiety, it is unclear if VOR and VSR gains are also sensitive to acute threat-related changes in fear, anxiety and arousal. Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (VEMPs) and Head Impulse Tests (HIT) can be used to test the gain of VSR and VOR pathways. Having subjects stand at the edge of an elevated platform can be used to threaten standing balance and induce arousal, anxiety and fear related to falling; known as a height-induced postural threat. The first aim of this thesis was to investigate how postural threat-related changes in arousal, anxiety and fear influence VEMP and HIT outcomes. Since the VOR depends also on visual pathways receiving signals relating to visual field motion and eye movements, a second study was designed to examine the independent effect of postural threat on oculomotor function using eye saccades, smooth pursuit and optokinetic nystagmus. For the first time, VEMPs were simultaneously recorded while standing from different muscles representing the three distinct vestibular reflexes. Likewise, this thesis is the first to investigate functional VOR and oculomotor outcomes with changes in state anxiety. The results from both studies provide robust evidence for increased VSR and VOR gain with acute negative emotional states. Furthermore, the observed increased gain of oculomotor function suggests that part of the VOR modulation occurs in neural centres not related to the vestibular system. These observations not only shed a light on how the VOR and gaze control are affected by state anxiety, fear and arousal, confirming previous reports on the VSR, but have also shown how emotions could alter the outcomes of clinical tests commonly used for assessing the vestibular and oculomotor function.
Star formation history and X-ray binary populations: the case of the Small Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Antoniou, Vallia
name: Zezas, Andreas
name: Hatzidimitriou, Despina
name: Kalogera, Vicky
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Chandra, XMM-Newton, and optical photometric catalogs we study the young X-ray binary (XRB) populations of the Small Magellanic Cloud. We find that the Be/X-ray binaries (Be-XRBs) are observed in regions with star formation rate bursts ~25-60 Myr ago. The similarity of this age with the age of maximum occurrence of the Be phenomenon (~40 Myr) indicates that the presence of a circumstellar decretion disk plays a significant role in the number of observed XRBs in the 10-100 Myr age range. We also find that regions with strong but more recent star formation (e.g., the Wing) are deficient in Be-XRBs. By correlating the number of observed Be-XRBs with the formation rate of their parent populations, we measure a Be-XRB production rate of ~1 system per 3 x 10^(-3) M$_{\odot}$/yr. Finally, we use the strong localization of the Be-XRB systems in order to set limits on the kicks imparted on the neutron star during the supernova explosion.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures, published in ApJ Letters
Relativistic tunneling through opaque barriers
Creators: name: De Leo, Stefano
name: Leonardi, Vinicius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an analytical study of relativistic tunneling through opaque barriers. We obtain a closed formula for the phase time. This formula is in excellent agreement with the numerical simulations and corrects the standard formula obtained by the stationary phase method. An important result is found when the upper limit of the incoming energy distribution coincides with the upper limit of the tunneling zone. In this case, the phase time is proportional to the barrier width.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Generalized Geologic Map for Land-Use Planning: Grant County, Kentucky
Creators: name: Smath, Richard A.
name: Davidson, Bart
name: Lacy, Preston
Publisher: name: Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky
Year: 2006

description: Abstract:
This map is not intended to be used for selecting individual sites. Its purpose is to inform land-use planners, government officials, and the public in a general way about geologic bedrock conditions that affect the selection of sites for various purposes. The properties of thick soils may supercede those of the underlying bedrock and should be considered on a site-to-site basis. At any site, it is important to understand the characteristics of both the soils and the underlying rock.
The Drosophila foraging gene plays a vital role at the start of metamorphosis for subsequent adult emergence
Creators: name: Anreiter, Ina
name: Allen, Aaron M.
name: Vasquez, Oscar E.
name: To, Lydia
name: Douglas, Scott J.
name: Alvarez, Javier V.
name: Ewer, John
name: Sokolowski, Marla B.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: The foraging (for) gene has been extensively studied in many species for its functions in development, physiology, and behavior. It is common for genes that influence behavior and development to be essential genes, and for has been found to be an essential gene in both fruit flies and mammals, with for mutants dying before reaching the adult stage. However, the biological process underlying the lethality associated with this gene is not known. Here, we show that in Drosophila melanogaster, some but not all gene products of for are essential for survival. Specifically, we show that promoter 3 of for, but not promoters 1, 2, and 4 are required for survival past pupal stage. We use full and partial genetic deletions of for, and temperature-restricted knock-down of the gene to further investigate the stage of lethality. While deletion analysis shows that flies lacking for die at the end of pupal development, as pharate adults, temperature-restricted knock-down shows that for is only required at the start of pupal development, for normal adult emergence (AE) and viability. We further show that the inability of these mutants to emerge from their pupal cases is linked to deficiencies in emergence behaviors, caused by a possible energy deficiency, and finally, that the lethality of for mutants seems to be linked to protein isoform P3, transcribed from for promoter 3.
On the Efficiency of the Tidal Stirring Mechanism for the Origin of Dwarf Spheroidals: Dependence on the Orbital and Structural Parameters of the Progenitor Disky Dwarfs
Creators: name: Kazantzidis, Stelios
name: Lokas, Ewa L.
name: Callegari, Simone
name: Mayer, Lucio
name: Moustakas, Leonidas A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) The tidal stirring model posits the formation of dSph galaxies via the tidal interactions between rotationally-supported dwarfs and MW-sized host galaxies. Using a set of collisionless N-body simulations, we investigate the efficiency of the tidal stirring mechanism. We explore a wide variety of dwarf orbital configurations and initial structures and demonstrate that in most cases the disky dwarfs experience significant mass loss and their stellar components undergo a dramatic morphological and dynamical transformation: from disks to bars and finally to pressure-supported spheroidal systems with kinematic and structural properties akin to those of the classic dSphs in the Local Group (LG). Our results suggest that such tidal transformations should be common occurrences within the currently favored cosmological paradigm and highlight the key factor responsible for an effective metamorphosis to be the strength of the tidal shocks at the pericenters of the orbit. We demonstrate that the combination of short orbital times and small pericenters, characteristic of dwarfs being accreted at high redshift, induces the strongest transformations. Our models also indicate that the transformation efficiency is affected significantly by the structure of the progenitor disky dwarfs. Lastly, we find that the dwarf remnants satisfy the relation Vmax = \sqrt{3} * sigma, where sigma is the 1D, central stellar velocity dispersion and Vmax is the maximum halo circular velocity, with intriguing implications for the missing satellites problem. Overall, we conclude that the action of tidal forces from the hosts constitutes a crucial evolutionary mechanism for shaping the nature of dwarf galaxies in environments such as that of the LG. Environmental processes of this type should thus be included as ingredients in models of dwarf galaxy formation and evolution.
description: submitted to ApJ, 34 pages, 15 figures, LaTeX (uses emulateapj.cls)
Oh Dear, We’re Queer: Work/Life Balance & Library School during Covid-19
Creators: name: Jebbia, Dominick
name: Gunderman, Hannah
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 150305 Human Resources Management
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 130108 Technical, Further and Workplace Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 130103 Higher Education

description: The professional value of, and actual need for, library school is widely debated. Many institutions choose to forego ALA-accredited degrees in favor of candidates with subject area PhDs or industry experience. Despite this, many early- and mid-career library workers (staff, faculty, etc.) pursue additional education while maintaining full time jobs in order to advance their careers or pivot to new industries. As libraries struggle to adapt their services to the new and ongoing constraints of the COVID-19 crisis, restructurings, retirements, layoffs, and numerous other factors strain library employees and remove support networks from the workplace. This creates barriers to maintaining work/life balance, which in turn limits the ability of library workers to pursue education and professional development. Library workers from marginalized groups face additional barriers in the workplace and often lack resources to surmount said barriers. Queer library workers exist within an intersectional space that further limits their ability to organize and access the comparable resources of their cisgender, heterosexual peers.
This shoptalk discusses the experiences of two queer library employees, one staff member and one non-MLIS librarian, as they adapted their lifestyles and workflows to the realities of the immediate shift to work from home while pursuing advanced degrees in library science. It discusses how their work/life balance and academic studies were impacted by three systemic barriers that they confronted in their lives and workplace. The talk will consider the solutions and workarounds developed to address those barriers, and propose three alternative actions to address inequities for future workers.
This presentation was delivered virtually at the American Library Association LibLearnX 2022 conference
Neurodevelopmental and transcriptomic effects of CRISPR/Cas9-induced somatic orco mutation in honey bees
Creators: name: Chen, Zhenqing
name: Traniello, Ian M.
name: Rana, Seema
name: Cash-Ahmed, Amy C.
name: Sankey, Alison L.
name: Yang, Che
name: Robinson, Gene E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: In insects, odorant receptors facilitate olfactory communication and require the functionality of the highly conserved co-receptor gene orco. Genome editing studies in a few species of ants and moths have revealed that orco can also have a neurodevelopmental function, in addition to its canonical role in adult olfaction, discovered first in Drosophila melanogaster. To extend this analysis, we determined whether orco mutations also affect the development of the adult brain of the honey bee Apis mellifera, an important model system for social behavior and chemical communication. We used CRISPR/Cas9 to knock out orco and examined anatomical and molecular consequences. To increase efficiency, we coupled embryo microinjection with a laboratory egg collection and in vitro rearing system. This new workflow advances genomic engineering technologies in honey bees by overcoming restrictions associated with field studies. We used Sanger sequencing to quickly select individuals with complete orco knockout for neuroanatomical analyses and later validated and described the mutations with amplicon sequencing. Mutant bees had significantly fewer glomeruli, smaller total volume of all the glomeruli, and higher mean individual glomerulus volume in the antennal lobe compared to wild-type controls. RNA-Sequencing revealed that orco knockout also caused differential expression of hundreds of genes in the antenna, including genes related to neural development and genes encoding odorant receptors. The expression of other types of chemoreceptor genes was generally unaffected, reflecting specificity of CRISPR activity in this study. These results suggest that neurodevelopmental effects of orco are related to specific insect life histories.
Star Formation in a Stellar Mass Selected Sample of Galaxies to z=3 from the GOODS NICMOS Survey (GNS)
Creators: name: Bauer, Amanda E.
name: Conselice, Christopher J.
name: Perez-Gonzalez, Pablo G.
name: Grutzbauch, Ruth
name: Bluck, Asa F. L.
name: Buitrago, Fernando
name: Mortlock, Alice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the star-forming properties of a stellar mass-selected sample of galaxies in the GOODS NICMOS Survey (GNS), based on deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging of the GOODS North and South fields. Using a stellar mass selected sample, combined with HST/ACS and Spitzer data to measure both UV and infrared derived star formation rates (SFR), we investigate the star forming properties of a complete sample of ~1300 galaxies down to log M*=9.5 at redshifts 1.510^11 Msun. We derive optical colours, dust extinctions, and ultraviolet and infrared SFR to determine how the star formation rate changes as a function of both stellar mass and time. Our results show that SFR increases at higher stellar mass such that massive galaxies nearly double their stellar mass from star formation alone over the redshift range studied, but the average value of SFR for a given stellar mass remains constant over this 2 Gyr period. Furthermore, we find no strong evolution in the SFR for our sample as a function of mass over our redshift range of interest, in particular we do not find a decline in the SFR among massive galaxies, as is seen at z < 1. The most massive galaxies in our sample (log M*>11) have high average SFRs with values, SFR(UV,corr) = 103+/-75 Msun/yr, yet exhibit red rest-frame (U-B) colours at all redshifts. We conclude that the majority of these red high-redshift massive galaxies are red due to dust extinction. We find that A(2800) increases with stellar mass, and show that between 45% and 85% of massive galaxies harbour dusty star formation. These results show that even just a few Gyr after the first galaxies appear, there are strong relations between the global physical properties of galaxies, driven by stellar mass or another underlying feature of galaxies strongly related to the stellar mass.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Distinct core and halo stellar populations and the formation history of the bright Coma cluster early-type galaxy NGC 4889
Creators: name: Coccato, Lodovico
name: Gerhard, Ortwin
name: Arnaboldi, Magda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stellar population far into the halo of one of the two brightest galaxies in the Coma cluster, NGC 4889, based on deep medium resolution spectroscopy with FOCAS at the Subaru 8.2m telescope. We fit single stellar population models to the measured line-strength (Lick) indices (Hbeta, Mgb, [MgFe]' and ). Combining with literature data, we construct radial profiles of metallicity, [alpha/Fe] element abundance ratio and age for NGC 4889, from the center out to ~60 kpc (~4Re). We find evidence for different chemical and star formation histories for stars inside and outside 1.2Re = 18 kpc radius. The inner regions are characterized by a steep [Z/H] gradient and high [alpha/Fe] at ~2.5 times solar value. In the halo, between 18 and 60 kpc, the [Z/H] is near-solar with a shallow gradient, while [alpha/Fe] shows a strong negative gradient, reaching solar values at ~60 kpc. We interpret these data in terms of different formation histories for both components. The data for the inner galaxy are consistent with a rapid, quasi-monolithic, dissipative merger origin at early redshifts, followed by one or at most a few dry mergers. Those for the halo argue for later accretion of stars from old systems with more extended star formation histories. The half-light radius of the inner component alone is estimated as ~6 kpc, suggesting a significantly smaller size of this galaxy in the past. This may be the local stellar population signature of the size evolution found for early-type galaxies from high-redshift observations.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS letters
A latitudinal cline in a courtship song character of Drosophila melanogaster
Creators: name: Stanley, Rosamund A.
name: Kyriacou, Charalambos P.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Marine Biology

description: The courtship song of male Drosophila melanogaster is generated by wing vibration and contains an interpulse interval (IPI) which is species-specific and usually falls in the mean range of 30–40 ms. The IPI is extremely temperature-sensitive, so we wondered whether flies collected along the eastern coast of Australia between latitudes 16.9°S and 42.9°S might have adapted to the different thermal conditions and show differences in mean IPI. We observe a significant correlation between IPI and latitude in addition to the well-known association between latitude and body size (Bergmannn’s Rule). However, somewhat surprisingly we could not detect a significant association between body size and IPI. We also examined flies collected from the North and South-facing slopes of ‘Evolution Canyon’ in Israel and observed differences in IPI that support the view that thermal adaptation can shape this important song character. We also examined the songs of flies from Kenya and observed no correlation between altitude of collection and IPI. In all three experiments, body size did not correlate with IPI. A global analysis of all three sets of populations on three continents revealed a strong association between IPI and latitude. We speculate that IPI is shaped by thermal and sexual selection whereas body size is also shaped by natural selection.