cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
739 observed NEAs and new 2-4m survey statistics within the EURONEAR network
Creators: name: Vaduvescu, O.
name: Birlan, M.
name: Tudorica, A.
name: Popescu, M.
name: Colas, F.
name: Asher, D. J.
name: Sonka, A.
name: Suciu, O.
name: Lacatus, D.
name: Paraschiv, A.
name: Badescu, T.
name: Tercu, O.
name: Dumitriu, A.
name: Chirila, A.
name: Stecklum, B.
name: Licandro, J.
name: Nedelcu, A.
name: Turcu, E.
name: Vachier, F.
name: Beauvalet, L.
name: Taris, F.
name: Bouquillon, L.
name: Nunez, F. Pozo
name: Saavedra, J. P. Colque
name: Unda-Sanzana, E.
name: Karami, M.
name: Khosroshahi, H. G.
name: Toma, R.
name: Ledo, H.
name: Tyndall, A.
name: Patrick, L.
name: Fohring, D.
name: Muelheims, D.
name: Enzian, G.
name: Klaes, D.
name: Lenz, D.
name: Mahlberg, P.
name: Ordenes, Y.
name: Sendlinger, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report follow-up observations of 477 program Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs) using nine telescopes of the EURONEAR network having apertures between 0.3 and 4.2 m. Adding these NEAs to our previous results we now count 739 program NEAs followed-up by the EURONEAR network since 2006. The targets were selected using EURONEAR planning tools focusing on high priority objects. Analyzing the resulting orbital improvements suggests astrometric follow-up is most important days to weeks after discovery, with recovery at a new opposition also valuable. Additionally we observed 40 survey fields spanning three nights covering 11 sq. degrees near opposition, using the Wide Field Camera on the 2.5m Isaac Newton Telescope (INT), resulting in 104 discovered main belt asteroids (MBAs) and another 626 unknown one-night objects. These fields, plus program NEA fields from the INT and from the wide field MOSAIC II camera on the Blanco 4m telescope, generated around 12,000 observations of 2,000 minor planets (mostly MBAs) observed in 34 square degrees. We identify Near Earth Object (NEO) candidates among the unknown (single night) objects using three selection criteria. Testing these criteria on the (known) program NEAs shows the best selection methods are our epsilon-miu model which checks solar elongation and sky motion and the MPC's NEO rating tool. Our new data show that on average 0.5 NEO candidates per square degree should be observable in a 2m-class survey (in agreement with past results), while an average of 2.7 NEO candidates per square degree should be observable in a 4m-class survey (although our Blanco statistics were affected by clouds). At opposition just over 100 MBAs (1.6 unknown to every 1 known) per square degree are detectable to R=22 in a 2m survey based on the INT data, while our two best ecliptic Blanco fields away from opposition lead to 135 MBAs (2 unknown to every 1 known) to R=23.
description: Published in Planetary and Space Sciences (Sep 2013)
Structural dichroism in the antiferromagnetic insulating phase of V$_2$O$_3$
Creators: name: Meneghini, C.
name: Di Matteo, S.
name: Monesi, C.
name: Neisius, T.
name: Paolasini, L.
name: Mobilio, S.
name: Natoli, C. R.
name: Metcalf, P. A.
name: Honig, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed near-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES) at V K edge in the antiferromagnetic insulating (AFI) phase of a 2.8% Cr-doped V$_2$O$_3$ single crystal. Linear dichroism of several percent is measured in the hexagonal plane and found to be in good agreement with ab-initio calculations based on multiple scattering theory. This experiment definitively proves the structural origin of the signal and therefore solves a controversy raised by previous interpretations of the same dichroism as non-reciprocal. It also calls for a further investigation of the role of the magnetoelectric annealing procedure in cooling to the AFI phase.
description: 4 pages 3 figures. To be published in Phys. Rev. B (2005)
The Elm Survey. II. Twelve Binary White Dwarf Merger Systems
Creators: name: Kilic, Mukremin
name: Brown, Warren R.
name: Prieto, Carlos Allende
name: Agüeros, Marcel Andre
name: Heinke, Craig
name: Kenyon, S. J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Astrophysics
White dwarf stars
Binary stars
Low mass stars
X-ray astronomy
Stars--Observations
Astronomy

description: We describe new radial velocity and X-ray observations of extremely low-mass white dwarfs (ELM WDs, ~0.2 M ☉) in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 4 and the MMT Hypervelocity Star survey. We identify four new short period binaries, including two merger systems. These observations bring the total number of short period binary systems identified in our survey to 20. No main-sequence or neutron star companions are visible in the available optical photometry, radio, and X-ray data. Thus, the companions are most likely WDs. Twelve of these systems will merge within a Hubble time due to gravitational wave radiation. We have now tripled the number of known merging WD systems. We discuss the characteristics of this merger sample and potential links to underluminous supernovae, extreme helium stars, AM CVn systems, and other merger products. We provide new observational tests of the WD mass-period distribution and cooling models for ELM WDs. We also find evidence for a new formation channel for single low-mass WDs through binary mergers of two lower mass objects.
Measurement of the top-quark mass using a leptonic invariant mass in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13~\textrm{TeV}$ with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: p p: colliding beams
top: mass: measured
top: decay
p p: scattering
top: pair production
parton: showers
final state: ((n)jet lepton)
ATLAS
mass spectrum: (lepton muon)
bottom: semileptonic decay
bottom: particle identification
CERN LHC Coll
recoil
data analysis method
numerical calculations: Monte Carlo
experimental results
13000 GeV-cms

description: A measurement of the top-quark mass ($m_t$) in the $t\bar{t}\rightarrow~\textrm{lepton}+\textrm{jets}$ channel is presented, with an experimental technique which exploits semileptonic decays of $b$-hadrons produced in the top-quark decay chain. The distribution of the invariant mass $m_{\ell\mu}$ of the lepton, $\ell$ (with $\ell=e,\mu$), from the $W$-boson decay and the muon, $\mu$, originating from the $b$-hadron decay is reconstructed, and a binned-template profile likelihood fit is performed to extract $m_t$. The measurement is based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s} = 13~\textrm{TeV}$$pp$ collisions provided by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded by the ATLAS detector. The measured value of the top-quark mass is $m_{t} = 174.41\pm0.39~(\textrm{stat.})\pm0.66~(\textrm{syst.})\pm0.25~(\textrm{recoil})~\textrm{GeV}$, where the third uncertainty arises from changing the PYTHIA8 parton shower gluon-recoil scheme, used in top-quark decays, to a recently developed setup.
Speothos venaticus
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Speothos
Speothos venaticus

description: Speothos venaticus (Lund, 1842). Kongl. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Naturv. Math. Afhandl., 9:67. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Lagoa Santa. DISTRIBUTION: Forested areas of Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil (except the semiarid N. E.); E. Peru; Ecuador; Colombia; Venezuela; Guyana; French Guiana; Surinam; Panama. PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I. ISIS NUMBER: 5301412001013001001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
On the nature of the band inversion and the topological phase transition in (Pb,Sn)Se
Creators: name: Wojek, B. M.
name: Dziawa, P.
name: Kowalski, B. J.
name: Szczerbakow, A.
name: Black-Schaffer, A. M.
name: Berntsen, M. H.
name: Balasubramanian, T.
name: Story, T.
name: Tjernberg, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of a topological phase transition in IV-VI narrow-gap semiconductors has revitalized the decades-old interest in the bulk band inversion occurring in these materials. Here we systematically study the (001) surface states of Pb{1-x}Sn{x}Se mixed crystals by means of angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy in the parameter space 0 <= x <= 0.37 and 300 K >= T >= 9 K. Using the surface-state observations, we monitor directly the topological phase transition in this solid solution and gain valuable information on the evolution of the underlying fundamental band gap of the system. In contrast to common model expectations, the band-gap evolution appears to be nonlinear as a function of the studied parameters, resulting in the measuring of a discontinuous band inversion process. This finding signifies that the anticipated gapless bulk state is in fact not a stable configuration and that the topological phase transition therefore exhibits features akin to a first-order transition.
description: article + supplemental figures
Additional file 1 of ILIAD: a suite of automated Snakemake workflows for processing genomic data for downstream applications
Creators: name: Herrick, Noah
name: Walsh, Susan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computer Software
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary tables and figures.
The ChaMP Extended Stellar Survey (ChESS): Photometric and Spectroscopic Properties of Serendipitously Detected Stellar X-Ray Sources
Creators: name: Covey, K. R.
name: Agüeros, Marcel Andre
name: Green, P. J.
name: Haggard, D.
name: Barkhouse, W. A.
name: Drake, J.
name: Evans, N.
name: Kashyap, V.
name: Kim, D. -W.
name: Mossman, A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Astrophysics
X-ray astronomy
Stars--Observations
Astronomy

description: We present 348 X-ray-emitting stars identified from correlating the Extended Chandra Multiwavelength Project (ChaMP), a wide-area serendipitous survey based on archival X-ray images, with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We use morphological star/galaxy separation, matching to an SDSS quasar catalog, an optical color-magnitude cut, and X-ray data-quality tests to create our catalog, the ChaMP Extended Stellar Survey (ChESS), from a sample of 2121 matched ChaMP/SDSS sources. Our cuts retain 92% of the spectroscopically confirmed stars in the original sample while excluding 99.6% of the 684 spectroscopically confirmed extragalactic sources. Fewer than 3% of the sources in our final catalog are previously identified stellar X-ray emitters. For 42 catalog members, spectroscopic classifications are available in the literature. We present new spectral classifications and Hα measurements for an additional 79 stars. The catalog is dominated by main-sequence stars; we estimate the fraction of giants in ChESS is ~10%. We identify seven giant stars (including a possible Cepheid and an RR Lyrae star) as ChaMP sources, as well as three cataclysmic variables. We derive distances from ~10 to 2000 pc for the stars in our catalog using photometric parallax relations appropriate for dwarfs on the main sequence and calculate their X-ray and bolometric luminosities. These stars lie in a unique space in the L_X-distance plane, filling the gap between the nearby stars identified as counterparts to sources in the ROSAT All Sky Survey and the more distant stars detected in deep Chandra and XMM-Newton surveys. For 36 newly identified X-ray-emitting M stars we calculate LHα/Lbol. The quantities LHα/Lbol and L_X/L_bol are linearly related below L_X/L_bol ~ 3 × 10⁻⁴, while L_Hα/L_bol appears to turn over at larger L_X/L_bol values. Stars with reliable SDSS photometry have an ~0.1 mag blue excess in u − g, likely due to increased chromospheric continuum emission. Photometric metallicity estimates suggest that the sample is evenly split between the young and old disk populations of the Galaxy; the lowest activity sources belong to the old disk population, a clear signature of the decay of magnetic activity with age. Future papers will present analyses of source variability and comparisons of this catalog to models of stellar activity in the Galactic disk.
Automated One-loop Computation in Quarkonium Process within NRQCD Framework
Creators: name: Feng, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In last decades, it has been realized that the next-to-leading order corrections may become very important, and sometimes requisite, for some processes involving quarkoinum production or decay, e.g., $e^+e^- \to J/ψ+ η_c$ and $J/ψ\to 3γ$. In this article, we review some basic steps to perform automated one-loop computations in quarkonium process within the Non-relativistic Quantum Chromodynamics (NRQCD) factorization framework, and we give an introduction to some related public tools or packages and their usages in each step. We start from generating Feynman diagrams and amplitudes with \textsc{FeynArts} for the quarkonium process, performing Dirac- and Color- algebras simplifications using \textsc{FeynCalc} and \textsc{FeynCalcFormLink}, and then to doing partial fractions on the linear-dependent propagators by \textsc{APart}, and finally to reducing the Tensor Integrals (TI) into Scalar Integrals (SI) or Master Integrals (MI) using Integration-By-Parts (IBP) method with the help of \textsc{Fire}. We will use a simple concrete example to demonstrate the basic usages of the corresponding packages or tools in each step.
description: 8 pages, conference proceedings for ACAT 2013
Statistical–Dynamical Seasonal Forecasts of Central-Southwest Asian Winter Precipitation
Creators: name: Tippett, Michael K.
name: Goddard, Lisa M.
name: Barnston, Anthony G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Precipitation forecasting
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Climatic changes--Forecasting
subject: Atmosphere

description: Interannual precipitation variability in central-southwest (CSW) Asia has been associated with East Asian jet stream variability and western Pacific tropical convection. However, atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) forced by observed sea surface temperature (SST) poorly simulate the region’s interannual precipitation variability. The statistical–dynamical approach uses statistical methods to correct systematic deficiencies in the response of AGCMs to SST forcing. Statistical correction methods linking model-simulated Indo–west Pacific precipitation and observed CSW Asia precipitation result in modest, but statistically significant, cross-validated simulation skill in the northeast part of the domain for the period from 1951 to 1998. The statistical–dynamical method is also applied to recent (winter 1998/99 to 2002/03) multimodel, two-tier December–March precipitation forecasts initiated in October. This period includes 4 yr (winter of 1998/99 to 2001/02) of severe drought. Tercile probability forecasts are produced using ensemble-mean forecasts and forecast error estimates. The statistical–dynamical forecasts show enhanced probability of below-normal precipitation for the four drought years and capture the return to normal conditions in part of the region during the winter of 2002/03.
Effects of field-aligned flows on standing kink and sausage modes supported by coronal loops
Creators: name: Chen, S. -X.
name: Li, B.
name: Xia, L. -D.
name: Chen, Y. -J.
name: Yu, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fundamental standing modes and their overtones play an important role in coronal seismology. We examine how a significant field-aligned flow affects standing modes supported by coronal loops, modeled here as cold magnetic slabs. Of particular interest are the period ratios of the fundamental to its $(n-1)$-th overtone ($P_1/nP_n$) for both kink and sausage modes, and the threshold half-width-to-length ratio for sausage modes. For standing kink modes, the flow significantly reduces $P_1/nP_n$ in general, the effect being particularly strong for larger $n$ and when the density contrast $ρ_0/ρ_e$ between loops and their surroundings is weak. That said, even when $ρ_0/ρ_e$ approaches infinity, this effect is still substantial, reducing the minimal $P_1/nP_n$ by up to 13.7% (24.5%) for $n=2$ ($n=4$) relative to the static case, when the Alfvén Mach number $M_A$ reaches 0.8 where $M_A$ measures the loop flow speed in units of the internal Alfvén speed. For standing sausage modes, though not negligible, the flow effect in reducing $P_1/nP_n$ is not as strong. However, the threshold half-width-to-length ratio is considerably larger in the flowing case than its static counterpart. For $ρ_0/ρ_e$ in the range $[9, 1024]$ and $M_A$ in the range $[0, 0.5]$, an exhaustive parameter study yields that this threshold is well fitted by our Equation (23) which involves the two parameters in a simple way. This allows one to analytically constrain the combination $(ρ_0/ρ_e, M_A)$ for a loop with known width-to-length ratio when a standing sausage oscillation is identified therein. It also allows one to further examine the idea of partial sausage modes, and the flow is found to reduce significantly the spatial extent where partial modes are allowed.
description: 22 pages, 12 figures, to appear in Solar Physics
Using CA to Find Out How a Child with High Functioning Autism Responds to Questions in Different Settings
Creators: name: McCormack, Maria
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Asperger's syndrome in children
Autistic children--Language
Conversation analysis
Education
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers

description: Anecdotal reports on the discourse of children with High Functioning Autism (HFA) often claim that failure to respond to questions is a key characteristic. However, Kremer-Sadlik (2004) found that HFA children respond 85% of the time to questions, and that 75% of the time their responses are also communicatively “adequate,” meaning that they address the pragmatic intent behind the question as well as its surface form. Using Conversation Analysis (CA) as one of her methodologies, Kremer-Sadlik explained this surprisingly high number by showing that in her data, which consisted of audio/videotaped family interactions, family members extensively scaffolded the children’s responses, teaching and coaching them in appropriate response patterns with every interaction. Thus, in Kremer-Sadlik’s study, CA complements quantitative methods in describing language and interaction patterns of impaired individuals that run counter to popular belief. These results prompted me to ask whether response behavior of HFA children would be similar in non-family settings.
title: Metabolic Modeling of Cystic Fibrosis Airway Microbiota from Patient Samples
Creators: name: Vyas, Arsh
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2021

description: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder, found with higher prevalence in the Caucasian population, affecting > 30,000 individuals in the United States and > 70,000 worldwide. Due to the astoundingly high rate of mortality among CF patients being attributed to respiratory failure brought on by chronic bacterial infections and subsequent airway inflammation, there has been a lot of focus on systematically analyzing CF lung airway communities. While it is observed traditionally that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most threatening and persistent CF colonizer due to high antibiotic resistance, recent studies have elicited the roles of other pathogens and it has been widely accepted the CF lung airway consists of a complex codependent community of bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
To elucidate the interplay among the members of this community, within the constraint of lung uptake regime, I developed a community metabolic network model comprising of >380 metabolites obtained after modeling 39 most abundant bacterial genera across 279 sputum specimens collected from 79 individuals over 10 years from a study by LiPuma et. al. by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, accounting for >89% of reads across samples. The community metabolic model was contrasted with the 16S relative abundance data through standard data mining techniques employed for the analysis of multidimensional data. I further attempted to quantitatively analyze and elucidate the correlations among patient lung function, disease progression, community diversity, microbial compositions, and metabolic capabilities by standard classical hypothesis testing methods.
Comparison through linear dimensionality reduction (PCA) of the 16S data and the model data revealed slightly higher variance explained by the model, indicating presence of relatively smaller number of metabolite-based than the 16S-based polymicrobial communities. A deeper analysis elucidated both the phenomena, consolidation of compositionally different communities due to metabolic closeness, as well as splitting of other communities into metabolically distinct clusters due to minor changes in composition and increase in diversity. Clustering of 16S-based relative abundance data and the model data revealed that the rare Burkholderia infections are metabolically distinct from other CF communities, and are heavily dominated by this genus. It was also reiterated that Achromobacter infections are highly resilient to treatment. Linear regression analysis between lung function and microbiota diversity revealed no strong correlation across the population, however, diversity was found to first increase and then subsequently decrease drastically with disease severity.
The star formation history of CALIFA galaxies: Radial structures
Creators: name: Delgado, R. M. González
name: Pérez, E.
name: Fernandes, R. Cid
name: García-Benito, R.
name: de Amorim, A. L.
name: Sánchez, S. F.
name: Husemann, B.
name: Cortijo-Ferrero, C.
name: Fernández, R. López
name: Sánchez-Blázquez, P.
name: Bekeraite, S.
name: Walcher, C. J.
name: Falcón-Barroso, J.
name: Gallazzi, A.
name: van de Ven, G.
name: Alves, J.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: Kennicutt, R. C.
name: Kupko, D.
name: Lyubenova, M.
name: Mast, D.
name: Mollá, M.
name: Marino, R. A.
name: Quirrenbach, A.
name: Vílchez, J. M.
name: Wisotzki, L.
name: collaboration, CALIFA
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the radial structure of the stellar mass surface density ($μ$) and stellar population age as a function of the total stellar mass and morphology for a sample of 107 galaxies from the CALIFA survey. We use the fossil record to recover the star formation history (SFH) in spheroidal and disk dominated galaxies with masses from 10$^9$ to 10$^{12}$ M$_\odot$. We derive the half mass radius, and we find that galaxies are on average 15% more compact in mass than in light. HMR/HLR decreases with increasing mass for disk galaxies, but is almost constant in spheroidal galaxies. We find that the galaxy-averaged stellar population age, stellar extinction, and $μ$ are well represented by their values at 1 HLR. Negative radial gradients of the stellar population ages support an inside-out formation. The larger inner age gradients occur in the most massive disk galaxies that have the most prominent bulges; shallower age gradients are obtained in spheroids of similar mass. Disk and spheroidal galaxies show negative $μ$ gradients that steepen with stellar mass. In spheroidal galaxies $μ$ saturates at a critical value that is independent of the galaxy mass. Thus, all the massive spheroidal galaxies have similar local $μ$ at the same radius (in HLR units). The SFH of the regions beyond 1 HLR are well correlated with their local $μ$, and follow the same relation as the galaxy-averaged age and $μ$; suggesting that local stellar mass surface density preserves the SFH of disks. The SFH of bulges are, however, more fundamentally related to the total stellar mass, since the radial structure of the stellar age changes with galaxy mass even though all the spheroid dominated galaxies have similar radial structure in $μ$. Thus, galaxy mass is a more fundamental property in spheroidal systems while the local stellar mass surface density is more important in disks.
description: Accepted to be published in A&A
title: Dog Walking Effects on Mental Health and Seasonal Changes in Physical Activity
Creators: name: Garvey, Caroline
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2021

description: Purpose: Physical activity (PA) and mental health decline in winter. One potential mechanism to improve PA and mental health is dog walking. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the impact of dog walking on mental health and seasonal changes in PA. Methods: Participants (n=50; 34 dog owners, 16 non-dog owners) wore an Actigraph accelerometer and logged all PA (including dog walking) for one week per season. They also completed mental health surveys during their initial data collection week (baseline). Using baseline data, analyses were run to see if daily dog walkers (those who reported dog walking 6+ days/week; n=20) had more PA and better mental health than non-daily dog walkers (those who reported dog walking ≤5 days/week; n=26). Analyses were also run to see if summer daily dog walkers (n=15) better maintained their PA levels from summer to winter compared to summer non-daily dog walkers (n=21), and whether dog walking automaticity predicted PA and seasonal changes in PA. Results: Daily dog walkers took 2,900 more steps/day (p=0.01), but there was no difference in MVPA/week (p=.07) or in odds of meeting PA guidelines (p=0.25). There was no difference in perceived stress or depressive symptoms between groups (p=0.41 and 0.12, respectively). Being a summer daily dog walker did not predict a smaller change in PA from summer to winter (p=0.63). Finally, a higher dog walking automaticity was predictive of higher daily steps (p=0.02) but not meeting PA guidelines (p=0.15) or maintaining PA from summer to winter (p=0.63). Conclusion: In this study, daily dog walkers took more steps than non-daily dog walkers, but they did not have better mental health and still observed a decrease in PA from summer to winter. Future research with larger, more diverse samples is needed to understand the impact routine dog walking has on mental health and seasonal PA changes.
Nonequilibrium Equalities in Absolutely Irreversible Processes
Creators: name: Murashita, Yûto
name: Funo, Ken
name: Ueda, Masahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize nonequilibrium integral equalities to situations involving absolutely irreversible processes for which the forward-path probability vanishes and the entropy production diverges, rendering conventional integral fluctuation theorems inapplicable. We identify the mathematical origins of absolute irreversibility as the singularity of probability measure. We demonstrate the validity of the obtained equalities for several models.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
El Niño: Catastrophe or Opportunity
Creators: name: Goddard, Lisa M.
name: Dilley, Maxx
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Southern oscillation
Climatic changes--Economic aspects
Climatic changes--Social aspects
Climatic changes--Forecasting
Atmosphere

description: El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, a periodic warming of sea surface temperatures in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific, generates a significant proportion of short-term climate variations globally, second only to the seasonal cycle. Global economic losses of tens of billions of dollars are attributed to extremes of ENSO (i.e., El Niño and La Niña), suggesting that these events disproportionately trigger socioeconomic disasters on the global scale. Since global El Niño/La Niña–associated climate impacts were first documented in the 1980s, the prevailing assumption has been that more severe and widespread climate anomalies, and, therefore, greater climate-related socioeconomic losses, should be expected during ENSO extremes. Contrary to expectations, climate anomalies associated with such losses are not greater overall during ENSO extremes than during neutral periods. However, during El Niño and La Niña events climate forecasts are shown to be more accurate. Stronger ENSO events lead to greater predictability of the climate and, potentially, the socioeconomic outcomes. Thus, the prudent use of climate forecasts could mitigate adverse impacts and lead instead to increased beneficial impacts, which could transform years of ENSO extremes into the least costly to life and property.
title: BENCHMARKING SMALL-DATASET STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIP MODELS FOR PREDICTION OF WNT SIGNALING INHIBITION
Creators: name: Kokabi, Mahtab
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2021

description: Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models based on machine learning algorithms are powerful tools to expedite drug discovery processes and therapeutics development. Given the cost in acquiring large-sized training datasets, it is useful to examine if QSAR analysis can reasonably predict drug activity with only a small-sized dataset (size < 100) and benchmark these small-dataset QSAR models in application-specific studies. To this end, here we present a systematic benchmarking study on small-dataset QSAR models built for prediction of effective Wnt signaling inhibitors, which are essential to therapeutics development in prevalent human diseases (e.g., cancer). Specifically, we examined a total of 72 two-dimensional (2D) QSAR models based on 4 best-performing algorithms, 6 commonly used molecular fingerprints, and 3 typical fingerprint lengths. We trained these models using a training dataset (56 compounds), benchmarked their performance on 4 figures-of-merit (FOMs), and examined their prediction accuracy using an external validation dataset (14 compounds). Our data show that the model performance is maximized when: 1) molecular fingerprints are selected to provide sufficient, unique, and not overly detailed representations of the chemical structures of drug compounds; 2) algorithms are selected to reduce the number of false predictions due to class imbalance in the dataset; and 3) models are selected to reach balanced performance on all 4 FOMs. These results may provide general guidelines in developing high-performance small-dataset QSAR models for drug activity prediction.
Negotiating Participant Status in Participation Frameworks
Creators: name: Boblett, Nancy Rolph
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Participation
Social interaction--Research
Conversation analysis
Education
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers

description: It is not always easy to find your place within a conversation. In this brief piece, I suggest that participant status (i.e., speaker and hearer roles) within a participation framework, is not always agreed upon by all members, but can be asserted, resisted, and otherwise negotiated. In an effort to address this, I will present an excerpt taken from videotaped recordings of naturally-occurring talk among three colleagues. The line-by-line analysis used in Conversation Analysis (CA) will allow a more nuanced look into what happens when a participant self-selects as speaker, and tries to either maintain or move into a central position in the participation framework. In addition to a line-by-line reading of interaction, CA allows us not only to highlight intonation and loudness of speech, but also to focus on pauses within a turn and gaps between turns. This helps clarify the various strategies that hearers may use to resist or block a move by a speaker.
“You Can Make a Tower”: Using Conversation Analysis to Understand a Math Tutoring Session
Creators: name: Creider, Sarah
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Recreation--Study and teaching
subject: Games in mathematics education
subject: Conversation analysis
subject: Education
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: A recent article in the New York Times (Spencer, 2011) described a series of well-attended workshops on how to encourage children to play effectively with wooden blocks. At first glance, the idea of teaching children to play seems somewhat absurd. And yet, if we think about learning via play rather than learning to play, it is reasonable to ask how adults can encourage mathematical and verbal complexity in children’s games and activities. By looking closely at what parents and teachers say to children during play sessions, we can perhaps better understand the kind of language that supports intellectual development in the context of child-directed play. In this brief paper, I attempt to show how one teacher uses language to bring together learning and play in a math tutoring session. Specifically, I discuss an instance where the teacher finds a moment in a student’s self-directed game where it would be appropriate to introduce beginning math concepts. In order to better understand and depict the tutor’s talk, I use Conversation Analysis (CA) to study how the interaction unfolds on a moment-by-moment basis. CA’s emphasis on how each turn unfolds — and relates to preceding and following turns — allows me to look closely at the pedagogical implications of seemingly minor choices on the part of the tutor.
Non-autonomous bright matter wave solitons in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Kanna, T.
name: Mareeswaran, R. Babu
name: Sakkaravarthi, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of bright matter wave solitons in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates with time modulated nonlinearities. We obtain soliton solutions of an integrable autonomous three-coupled Gross-Pitaevskii (3-GP) equations using Hirota's method involving a non-standard bilinearization. The similarity transformations are developed to construct the soliton solutions of non-autonomous 3-GP system. The non-autonomous solitons admit different density profiles. An interesting phenomenon of soliton compression is identified for kink-like nonlinearity coefficient with Hermite-Gaussian-like potential strength. Our study shows that these non-autonomous solitons undergo non-trivial collisions involving condensate switching.
description: Appeared in Physics Letters A: 13 pages, 10 figures
“That’s the Work”: Reframing Talk during Meetings
Creators: name: Milburn, Trudy
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Business communication
subject: Business meetings
subject: Applied linguistics--Research
subject: Conversation analysis
subject: Education
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Conversation analysts often examine everyday interaction for the micro-features that comprise talk. Often, these micro-features are labeled and transcend any one instance. Some genres of talk have been examined to see if patterned speech occurs within that genre. For instance, a typical business event, such as a meeting or strategic planning process, may indicate particular ways of speaking. In Drew and Heritage’s (1992) edited volume, Talk at Work, each chapter employs CA to detail features of talk in a variety of institutional settings. Schwartzman’s (1989) work on the business meeting illustrates clearly the boundaries of what counts as a meeting, and how the participants and their various roles work to create this demarcation. Finally, in The Business of Talk, Boden (1994) uses CA to closely examine the turns that members take that influence the outcome of meetings.
Additional file 1 of Repurposing dimethyl fumarate as an antiepileptogenic and disease-modifying treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy
Creators: name: Sandouka, Sereen
name: Singh, Prince Kumar
name: Saadi, Aseel
name: Taiwo, Rhoda Olowe
name: Sheeni, Yara
name: Zhang, Taige
name: Deeb, Larin
name: Guignet, Michelle
name: White, Steve H.
name: Shekh-Ahmad, Tawfeeq
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Neuroscience
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. a Total KA doses administered to rats in the vehicle and DMF treatment groups (about Fig. 4). No difference was detected between the groups. a The duration of SE as recorded by ECoG device in animals in (a). Data are displayed as the mean ± SEM. A P = 0.6435; B P = 0.3408) analyzed by students’ unpaired t-test. Figure S2. Protein expression of Nrf2-related genes in the cortex. a Representative western blots of the Nrf2 downstream genes NQO1, HO-1, and GCLC-1 in the cortex of sham rats (n = 6), as well as rats subjected to KA-SE and treated with either Vehicle (n = 6) or DMF (n = 6). b–d Quantification of western blot results in (A). Data are displayed as the mean ± SEM, analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey posthoc test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; *** < 0.001. Figure S3. Protein expression of Nrf2-related genes in the hippocampus. a Representative western blots of the Nrf2 downstream genes NQO1, HO-1, and GCLC-1 in the hippocampus of sham rats (n = 6), as well as rats subjected to KA-SE and treated with either Vehicle (n = 6) or DMF (n = 6). b–d Quantification of western blot results in (A). Data are displayed as the mean ± SEM, analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey posthoc test. **P < 0.01.
Sugar and Sweeteners Outlook: September 2022
Creators: name: Abadam, Vidalina
name: Abadam, Vidalina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sugar
subject: sugarcane
subject: sugarbeets
subject: sugar imports
subject: high-tier sugar imports
subject: additional specialty sugar TRQ
subject: high-fructose corn syrup
subject: Mexico
subject: Export Limit
subject: Suspension Agreements
subject: U.S. Department of Commerce

description: The Sugar and Sweeteners Outlook for September 2022 reviews the sugar and sweetener market conditions for the United States and Mexico based on updates to the September World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates report.
On Language Teachers’ Classroom Practices: Bridging Conversation Analysis with Language Teacher Education Research
Creators: name: Fagan, Drew S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Language teachers--Training of
Classroom environment--Research
Conversation analysis
Education
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers

description: Since the late 1980s, second language teacher education (SLTE) research has grown immensely as a field of inquiry within applied linguistics, particularly as teacher knowledge, expertise, and cognition have been found to influence students’ language learning processes in classroom contexts (Borg, 2011). Much empirical evidence illustrating this connection has been gathered using a variety of ethnographic data techniques such as individual interviews, focus groups, journal writing, questionnaires, field notes, and stimulated recall sessions. The strengths of these data sources are numerous in that, when triangulated, they provide insight into teachers’ thought processes and perceptions of their teaching practices. It has been asserted elsewhere (see Fagan, in press a), though, that while many studies within the SLTE field have attempted to draw implications from such findings for teachers’ classroom practices, the methods used do not allow for such assumptions. In fact, as Borg (2011) presents in his summary of SLTE research over the past two decades, there remains a lack of juxtaposition between findings on teachers’ perceptions and their actual classroom practices in situ. That is not to say that there have been no studies bridging such data sources. Tsui (2003), for example, utilizes varied ethnographic data sources, including the use of classroom discourse data, to get at language teachers’ development of expertise. This study, however, is representative of the few in the SLTE field that incorporates glosses of interactions into their analyses. In other words: (a) transcriptions tend to solely consist of the verbal non-suprasegmental components of the discourse rather than include other interactional resources (i.e., prosodic cues, pausing, nonverbal conduct) illustrating the intricate constructions of teachers’ communication; (b) the focus of the classroom data does not detail the specific sequential environments in which certain teacher practices appear.
Leichbegängniss Weiland Sr. den Hochfürstl. Durchlecht Herrn Herrn Iosephi I. Bischofs zu Augspurg, Landgrafen zu Hessen, den 30. Augustmonat zu Augspurg gehalten; [1768]
Creators: name: Stockmann, Johann Adam
name: Joseph Augsburg, Bischof
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2012

description: Einblattdruck. - Teilw. beigeb. zu: Merz, Aloys: Trauerrede auf den Todfall Des Hochwürdigsten und Durchläuchtigsten Fürsten Josephs des Erstens Weyland Bischofens zu Augspurg ... - 1768
New Method to Estimate Binary Mass Ratios by Using Superhumps
Creators: name: Kato, Taichi
name: Osaki, Yoji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new dynamical method to estimate binary mass ratios by using the period of superhumps in SU UMa-type dwarf novae during the growing stage (the stage A superhumps). This method is based on a working hypothesis in which the period of the superhumps at the growing stage is determined by the dynamical precession rate at the 3:1 resonance radius, a picture suggested in our new interpretation of the superhump period evolution during the superoutburst (Osaki, Kato 2013, arXiv:1305.5877). By comparison with the objects with known mass ratios, we show that our method can provide sufficiently accurate mass ratios comparable to those obtained by quiescent eclipse observations. This method is very advantageous in that it requires neither eclipses, nor an experimental calibration. It is particularly suited for exploring the low mass-ratio end of the evolution of cataclysmic variables, where the secondary is undetectable by conventional methods. Our analysis suggests that previous estimates of mass ratios using superhump periods during superoutburst were systematically underestimated for low mass-ratio systems and we provided a new calibration. It suggests that most of WZ Sge-type dwarf novae have secondaries close to the border of the lower main-sequence and brown dwarfs, and most of the objects have not yet reached the evolutionary stage of period bouncers. Our result is not in contradiction with an assumption that the observed minimum period (~77 min) of ordinary hydrogen-rich cataclysmic variables is indeed the period minimum. We highlight the importance of early observation of stage A superhumps and propose a future desirable strategy of observation.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ
Reply
Creators: name: Goddard, Lisa M.
name: Dilley, Maxx
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Southern oscillation
Precipitation (Meteorology)
Climatic changes--Forecasting
Atmosphere

description: Reply to the comment: Curtis, S., R. F. Adler, G. J. Huffman, G. Gu, D. T. Bolvin, and E. J. Nelkin, 2006: Comments on “El Niño: Catastrophe of opportunity.”. J. Climate, 19, 6439–6442.
Traversing the City: Examining the Impacts of Extended Commute on Student Wellbeing & High School Experience in Chicago
Creators: name: Shah, Katherine B.
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: student commute
subject: high school
subject: student wellbeing
subject: transportation
subject: school choice
subject: qualitative
subject: secondary education
subject: student-centered epistemology
subject: high school commute
subject: Chicago
subject: student experience
subject: selective enrollment
subject: academic performance
subject: safety
subject: racial disparities
subject: gender disparities
subject: class disparities
subject: stress
subject: financial strain
subject: social capital
subject: navigational capital
subject: resistant capital
subject: access

description: Bridging education and transportation literature in the context of expanding school choice, this qualitative case study utilizes a student-centered epistemological approach to examine the impacts of extended high school commute on student experience and well-being. Fifteen semi-structured interviews with recent alumni of Lane Tech College Prep – a selective enrollment high school in Chicago – capture student perceptions to determine what commuters themselves believe to be the most salient consequences or benefits of extended school commute. This research is intended to unravel the connections between long-distance commuting and students' mental and physical wellness, academic performance, safety, and social networks, particularly examining disparities along racial, gender, and class lines. I argue extended commute, institutionally normalized by CPS’ competitive choice model, disproportionately burdens students concurrently experiencing other forms of marginalization. As with other facets of schooling, interlocking identities shape commute experiences in a simultaneously raced, gendered, and classed experience. Students highlight increased stress, financial strain, social and academic barriers, and safety concerns as major themes. Despite these difficulties, long-distance commuters gain navigational, social, and resistant capital they deem highly valuable which contributes to their community cultural wealth. Recommendations for policymakers and educators include increased school- and district-level interventions to improve commute experience and mitigate its potentially deleterious effects. This work acknowledges students' resilience, but emphasizes the responsibility of school districts in supporting students who undertake extreme commutes to access essential public education resources and opportunities.