cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Separating Rank Logic from Polynomial Time
Creators: name: Lichter, Moritz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the search for a logic capturing polynomial time the most promising candidates are Choiceless Polynomial Time (CPT) and rank logic. Rank logic extends fixed-point logic with counting by a rank operator over prime fields. We show that the isomorphism problem for CFI graphs over $\mathbb{Z}_{2^i}$ cannot be defined in rank logic, even if the base graph is totally ordered. However, CPT can define this isomorphism problem. We thereby separate rank logic from CPT and in particular from polynomial time.
description: 54 pages. Full version of a paper appeared at LICS 2021. [v3] Fixed some minor mistakes/typos in the proofs [v4] Fixed a mistake in the CFI construction [v5] added more details in some proofs, corrected minor mistakes
Astrophysical and electromagnetic emissivity properties of black holes surrounded by a quintessence type exotic fluid in the Scalar-Vector-Tensor Modified Gravity
Creators: name: Sheikhahmadi, Haidar
name: Soroushfar, Saheb
name: Sajadi, S. N.
name: Harko, Tiberiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The astrophysical consequences of the presence of a quintessence scalar field on the evolution of the horizon and on the accretion disk surrounding a static black hole, in the Scalar-Vector-Tensor version of Modified Gravity (MOG), are investigated. The positions of the stable circular orbits of the massive test particles, moving around the central object, are obtained from the extremum of the effective potential. Detailed calculations are also presented to investigate the light deflection, shadow and Shapiro effect for such a black hole. The electromagnetic properties of the accretion disks that form around such black holes are considered in detail. The energy flux and efficiency parameter are estimated analytically and numerically. A comparison with the disk properties in Schwarzschild geometry is also performed. The quantum properties of the black hole are also considered, and the Hawking temperature and the mass loss rate due to the Hawking radiation are considered. The obtained results may lead to the possibility of direct astrophysical tests of black hole type objects in modified gravity theories.
description: 30 pages, including diagrams and tables
Quark mass effects in quark number susceptibilities
Creators: name: Graf, Thorben
name: Petreczky, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quark degrees of freedom of the QGP with special focus on mass effects are investigated. A next-to-leading-order perturbation theory approach with quark mass dependence is applied and compared to lattice QCD results.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, Contribution to the proceedings of Hot Quarks 2016 conference at South Padre Island, TX, USA
"Expats in Ecuador": Motives of migration decision-making and the meaning of privileged mobilities in transnational lifestyle migration to Vilcabamba, Ecuador
Creators: name: Hesse, Judith Ruth
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: transnational lifestyle migration
subject: privileged mobilities
subject: unequal global mobilities
subject: expatriates
subject: north-south migration patterns
subject: Ecuador
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: This thesis aims for a broader understanding of and a contribution to the field of transnational lifestyle migration. In the global context of unequal north-south migration patterns, where rather affluent citizens from countries of the Global North move to the Global South for a number of lifestyle-related reasons, this thesis explores the question of individual motivation for migration and the challenges that emerge through such a hyper-mobile migration dynamic towards a small-town community in the Ecuadorian Andes. A combination of on-site participant observation and narrative interviews with lifestyle migrants from the United States, Europe, and South Korea constitute the methodological basis for this research project; showing that individual motivations for migration decision-making are simultaneously similar as they are versatile, and that a strong migration influx of affluent foreigners creates multilayered fields of tension within the receiving community.
The Mid-Infrared Evolution of the FU Orionis Disk
Creators: name: Green, Joel D.
name: Jones, Olivia C.
name: Keller, Luke D.
name: Poteet, Charles A.
name: Yang, Yao-Lun
name: Fischer, William J.
name: Evans, Neal J.
name: Sargent, Benjamin A.
name: Rebull, Luisa M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new SOFIA-FORCAST observations obtained in Feburary 2016 of the archetypal outbursting low mass young stellar object FU Orionis, and compare the continuum, solid state, and gas properties with mid-IR data obtained at the same wavelengths in 2004 with Spitzer-IRS. In this study, we conduct the first mid-IR spectroscopic comparison of an FUor over a long time period. Over a 12 year period, UBVR monitoring indicates that FU Orionis has continued its steady decrease in overall brightness by ~ 14%. We find that this decrease in luminosity occurs only at wavelengths < 20 microns. In particular, the continuum short ward of the silicate emission complex at 10 microns exhibits a ~ 12% (~ 3 sigma) drop in flux density, but no apparent change in slope; both the Spitzer and SOFIA spectra are consistent with a 7200 K blackbody. Additionally, the detection of water absorption is consistent with the Spitzer spectrum. The silicate emission feature at 10 microns continues to be consistent with unprocessed grains, unchanged over 12 years. We conclude that either the accretion rate in FU Orionis has decreased by ~ 12-14% over this time baseline, or that the inner disk has cooled, but the accretion disk remains in a superheated state outside of the innermost region.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Analytical formulation of the single-visit completeness joint probability density function
Creators: name: Garrett, Daniel
name: Savransky, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an exact formulation of the multivariate integral representing the single-visit obscurational and photometric completeness joint probability density function for arbitrary distributions for planetary parameters. We present a derivation of the region of nonzero values of this function which extends previous work, and discuss time and computational complexity costs and benefits of the method. We present a working implementation, and demonstrate excellent agreement between this approach and Monte Carlo simulation results
description: Accepted for publication in the ApJ. For example code, see https://github.com/dgarrett622/FuncComp
Connecting the dots: Time-reversal symmetric Weyl Semimetals with tunable Fermi arcs
Creators: name: Dwivedi, Vatsal
name: Ramamurthy, Srinidhi T
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a one-parameter family of noninteracting lattice models for Weyl semimetals with 4 Weyl nodes and tunable Fermi arcs. These 2-band model Hamiltonians are time-reversal symmetric with $\mathrm{T}^2 = + 1$, and tuning the parameter changes the connectivity of the Fermi arcs continuously without affecting the location and chiralities of the Weyl nodes in the bulk Brillouin zone. The bulk polarization and magnetization are shown to vary with this parameter, a dependence inaccessible to the low energy effective field theory.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Online containers for hypergraphs, with applications to linear equations
Creators: name: Saxton, David
name: Thomason, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C65

description: A set of containers for a hypergraph G is a collection of vertex subsets, such that for every independent (or, indeed, merely sparse) set in G there is some subset in the collection which contains it. No set in the collection should be large and the collection itself should be relatively small. Containers with useful properties have been exhibited by Balogh, Morris and Samotij and by the authors, along with several applications. Our purpose here is to give a simpler algorithm than the one we used previously, which nevertheless yields containers with all the properties needed for our previous theorem. Moreover this algorithm produces containers having the so-called online property, allowing previous colouring applications to be extended to all, not just simple, hypergraphs. For illustrative purposes, we include a complete proof of a slightly weaker but simpler version of the theorem, which for many (perhaps most) applications is plenty. We also present applications to the number of solution-free sets of linear equations, including the number of Sidon sets, announced previously but not proven.
Gyrokinetic simulations in stellarators using different computational domains
Creators: name: Sánchez, E.
name: García-Regaña, J. M.
name: Navarro, A. Bañón
name: Proll, J. H. E.
name: Moreno, C. Mora
name: González-Jerez, A.
name: Calvo, I.
name: Kleiber, R.
name: Riemann, J.
name: Smoniewski, J.
name: Barnes, M.
name: Parra, F. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we compare gyrokinetic simulations in stellarators using different computational domains, namely, flux tube, full-flux-surface, and radially global domains. Two problems are studied: the linear relaxation of zonal flows and the linear stability of ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes. Simulations are carried out with the codes EUTERPE, GENE, GENE-3D, and stella in magnetic configurations of LHD and W7-X using adiabatic electrons. The zonal flow relaxation properties obtained in different flux tubes are found to differ with each other and with the radially global result, except for sufficiently long flux tubes, in general. The flux tube length required for convergence is configuration-dependent. Similarly, for ITG instabilities, different flux tubes provide different results, but the discrepancy between them diminishes with increasing flux tube length. Full-flux-surface and flux tube simulations show good agreement in the calculation of the growth rate and frequency of the most unstable modes in LHD, while for W7-X differences in the growth rates are found between the flux tube and the full-flux-surface domains. Radially global simulations provide results close to the full-flux-surface ones. The radial scale of unstable ITG modes is studied in global and flux tube simulations finding that in W7-X, the radial scale of the most unstable modes depends on the binormal wavenumber, while in LHD no clear dependency is found.
description: submitted to Nuclear Fusion
Pulse variational quantum eigensolver on cross-resonance based hardware
Creators: name: Egger, Daniel J.
name: Capecci, Chiara
name: Pokharel, Bibek
name: Barkoutsos, Panagiotis Kl.
name: Fischer, Laurin E.
name: Guidoni, Leonardo
name: Tavernelli, Ivano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: State-of-the-art noisy digital quantum computers can only execute short-depth quantum circuits. Variational algorithms are a promising route to unlock the potential of noisy quantum computers since the depth of the corresponding circuits can be kept well below hardware-imposed limits. Typically, the variational parameters correspond to virtual $R_Z$ gate angles, implemented by phase changes of calibrated pulses. By encoding the variational parameters directly as hardware pulse amplitudes and durations we succeed in further shortening the pulse schedule and overall circuit duration. This decreases the impact of qubit decoherence and gate noise. As a demonstration, we apply our pulse-based variational algorithm to the calculation of the ground state of different hydrogen-based molecules (H$_2$, H$_3$ and H$_4$) using IBM cross-resonance-based hardware. We observe a reduction in schedule duration of up to $5\times$ compared to CNOT-based Ansätze, while also reducing the measured energy. In particular, we observe a sizable improvement of the minimal energy configuration of H$_3$ compared to a CNOT-based variational form. Finally, we discuss possible future developments including error mitigation schemes and schedule optimizations, which will enable further improvements of our approach paving the way towards the simulation of larger systems on noisy quantum devices.
Impact of finite temperatures on the transport properties of Gd from first principles
Creators: name: Chadova, Kristina
name: Mankovsky, Sergiy
name: Minár, Jan
name: Ebert, Hubert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finite temperature effects have a pronounced impact on the transport properties of solids. In magnetic systems, besides the scattering of conduction electrons by impurities and phonons, an additional scattering source coming from the magnetic degrees of freedom must be taken into account. A first-principle scheme which treats all these scattering effects on equal footing was recently suggested within the framework of the multiple scattering formalism. Employing the alloy analogy model treated by means of the CPA, thermal lattice vibrations and spin fluctuations are effectively taken into account. In the present work the temperature dependence of the longitudinal resistivity and the anomalous Hall effect in the strongly correlated metal Gd is considered. The comparison with experiments demonstrates that the proposed numerical scheme does provide an adequate description of the electronic transport at finite temperatures.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Constructing Q-Fano 3-folds à la Prokhorov & Reid
Creators: name: Ducat, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We generalise a construction by Prokhorov & Reid of two families of Q-Fano 3-folds of index 2 to obtain five more families of Q-Fano 3-folds; four of index 2 and one of index 3. Two of the families constructed have the same Hilbert series and we study these cases in more detail.
description: 15 pages
The Radiative Z2 Breaking Twin Higgs
Creators: name: Yu, Jiang-Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In twin Higgs model, the Higgs boson mass is protected by a $Z_2$ symmetry. The $Z_2$ symmetry needs to be broken either explicitly or spontaneously to obtain misalignment between electroweak and new physics vacua. We propose a novel $Z_2$ breaking mechanism, in which the $Z_2$ is spontaneously broken by radiative corrections to the Higgs potential. Two twin Higgses with different vacua are needed, and vacuum misalignment is realized by opposite but comparable contributions from gauge and Yukawa interactions to the potential. Due to fully radiative symmetry breaking, the Higgs sector is completely determined by twin Higgs vacuum, Yukawa and gauge couplings. There are eight pseudo-Goldstone bosons: the Higgs boson, inert doublet Higgs, and three twin scalars. We show the 125 GeV Higgs mass and constraints from Higgs coupling measurements could be satisfied.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
ALFABETIZAÇÃO EM SAÚDE PARA A MELHORIA DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DOS PACIENTES DIABÉTICOS
Creators: name: De Sousa, Kaline Oliveira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Assistência à Saúde; Diabetes Mellitus; Letramento em Saúde; Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde.

description: A Diabetes Mellitus (DM) se caracteriza por ser uma doença crônica que representa um grande agravante de saúde pública em escala mundial e, quando não tratada apropriadamente, pode implicar em outras cronicidades, como cegueira, retinopatia, amputações, doença renal em fase terminal, entre outras. Deste modo, destaca-se que a alfabetização em saúde tem se revelado como importante estratégia na redução dos efeitos adversos da DM, pois permite que os sujeitos compreendam melhor a patologia, considerando as capacidades em relação aos fatores cognitivos e sociais, possibilitando a acessibilidade, entendimento e manuseio do conhecimento. OBJETIVO: Analisar, na literatura científica, como a alfabetização em saúde contribui para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pacientes diabéticos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, com abordagem descritiva-exploratória, efetuada na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) nas bases de dados BDENF, LILACS e MEDLINE, com o emprego dos descritores “Assistência à Saúde”, “Diabetes Mellitus”, “Letramento em Saúde” e “Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde”, associados ao operador booleano AND. Nesse sentido, aplicou-se como critérios de inclusão estudos dispostos na íntegra, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, no intervalo de tempo de 2016 a 2020. E excluiu-se os duplicados e os que não apresentavam sintonia com o objetivo deste trabalho. Assim, obteve-se 152 estudos, os quais reduziu-se para 70, e findada a leitura na íntegra dos que foram pré-selecionados, elegeu-se 3 para compor a amostra. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Evidenciou-se que altos níveis de alfabetização em saúde influenciam positivamente no autocuidado e na qualidade de vida, sendo satisfatórios principalmente no que tange às doenças crônicas. Desta forma, favorece a adesão dos portadores de DM ao tratamento medicamentoso e à mudança de estilo de vida, propiciando e preservando a saúde ao auxiliar no controle dos índices glicêmicos, bem como viabiliza uma assistência qualificada, haja vista que estimula o pensamento crítico dos pacientes e, consequentemente, concede a estes uma melhor compreensão acerca das informações em saúde, a exemplo de prescrições e rótulos das medicações, e de exames, incitando a autonomia. Outrossim, demonstrou-se que a alfabetização limitada, neste contexto, pode estar associada com a baixa renda e pouco escolaridade. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Com base nisso, é notável que é fundamental investir na formação da literacia funcional dos indivíduos com DM, para que estes possam atuar como atores sociais, de modo eficaz, nas decisões diante do processo de cuidado, e assim minimizar as repercussões negativas no bem-estar e na qualidade de vida deste público.
Adaptive Filters in Graph Convolutional Neural Networks
Creators: name: Apicella, Andrea
name: Isgrò, Francesco
name: Pollastro, Andrea
name: Prevete, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Over the last few years, we have witnessed the availability of an increasing data generated from non-Euclidean domains, which are usually represented as graphs with complex relationships, and Graph Neural Networks (GNN) have gained a high interest because of their potential in processing graph-structured data. In particular, there is a strong interest in exploring the possibilities in performing convolution on graphs using an extension of the GNN architecture, generally referred to as Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvGNN). Convolution on graphs has been achieved mainly in two forms: spectral and spatial convolutions. Due to the higher flexibility in exploring and exploiting the graph structure of data, there is recently an increasing interest in investigating the possibilities that the spatial approach can offer. The idea of finding a way to adapt the network behaviour to the inputs they process to maximize the total performances has aroused much interest in the neural networks literature over the years. This paper presents a novel method to adapt the behaviour of a ConvGNN to the input proposing a method to perform spatial convolution on graphs using input-specific filters, which are dynamically generated from nodes feature vectors. The experimental assessment confirms the capabilities of the proposed approach, which achieves satisfying results using a low number of filters.
description: This paper has been published in its final version on \textit{Pattern Recognition} journal with DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2023.109867 in Open Access mode. Please consider it as final and peer-reviewed version
First year results of the High Altitude Water Cherenkov observatory
Creators: name: Carramiñana, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory is a wide field of view (1.8 Sr) and high duty cycle (>95% up-time) detector of unique capabilities for the study of TeV gamma-ray sources. Installed at an altitude of 4100m in the Northern slope of Volcán Sierra Negra, Puebla, by a collaboration of about thirty institutions of Mexico and the United States, HAWC has been in full operations since March 2015, surveying 2/3 of the sky every sidereal day, monitoring active galaxies and mapping sources in the Galactic Plane to a detection level of 1 Crab per day. This contribution summarizes the main results of the first year of observations of the HAWC gamma-ray observatory.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures. To be published in Journal of Physics Conference Series (IOP). Joint Proceedings of the XV Mexican Workshop on Particles and Fields & the XXX Annual Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the Mexican Physical Society
Operational realization of quantum vacuum ambiguities
Creators: name: Álvarez-Domínguez, Álvaro
name: Cembranos, José A. R.
name: Garay, Luis J.
name: Martín-Benito, Mercedes
name: Parra-López, Álvaro
name: Velázquez, Jose M. Sánchez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a reinterpretation of the quantum vacuum ambiguities that one encounters when studying particle creation phenomena due to an external and time-dependent agent. We propose a measurement-motivated understanding: Each way of measuring the number of created particles selects a particular vacuum. This point of view gives a clear and physical meaning to the time evolution of the number of particles produced by the agent as the counts in a specific detector and, at the same time relates commonly used quantization prescriptions to particular measurement setups.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Intrinsic non-magnetic $ϕ_0$ Josephson junctions in twisted bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Alvarado, Miguel
name: Burset, Pablo
name: Yeyati, Alfredo Levy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments have demonstrated the possibility to design highly controllable junctions on magic angle twisted bilayer graphene, enabling the test of its superconducting transport properties. We show that the presence of chiral pairing in such devices manifests in the appearance of an anomalous Josephson effect ($ϕ_0$ behavior) even in the case of symmetric junctions and without requiring any magnetic materials or fields. Such behavior arises from the combination of chiral pairing and nontrivial topology of the twisted bilayer graphene band structure that can effectively break inversion symmetry. Moreover, we show that the $ϕ_0$ effect could be experimentally enhanced and controlled by electrostatic tuning of the junction transmission properties.
Improving information retrieval through correspondence analysis instead of latent semantic analysis
Creators: name: Qi, Qianqian
name: Hessen, David J.
name: van der Heijden, Peter G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Both latent semantic analysis (LSA) and correspondence analysis (CA) are dimensionality reduction techniques that use singular value decomposition (SVD) for information retrieval. Theoretically, the results of LSA display both the association between documents and terms, and marginal effects; in comparison, CA only focuses on the associations between documents and terms. Marginal effects are usually not relevant for information retrieval, and therefore, from a theoretical perspective CA is more suitable for information retrieval. In this paper, we empirically compare LSA and CA. The elements of the raw document-term matrix are weighted, and the weighting exponent of singular values is adjusted to improve the performance of LSA. We explore whether these two weightings also improve the performance of CA. In addition, we compare the optimal singular value weighting exponents for LSA and CA to identify what the initial dimensions in LSA correspond to. The results for four empirical datasets show that CA always performs better than LSA. Weighting the elements of the raw data matrix can improve CA; however, it is data dependent and the improvement is small. Adjusting the singular value weighting exponent usually improves the performance of CA; however, the extent of the improved performance depends on the dataset and number of dimensions. In general, CA needs a larger singular value weighting exponent than LSA to obtain the optimal performance. This indicates that CA emphasizes initial dimensions more than LSA, and thus, margins play an important role in the initial dimensions in LSA.
Top Quark Mass Calibration for Monte Carlo Event Generators
Creators: name: Butenschoen, Mathias
name: Dehnadi, Bahman
name: Hoang, Andre H.
name: Mateu, Vicent
name: Preisser, Moritz
name: Stewart, Iain W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most precise top quark mass measurements use kinematic reconstruction methods, determining the top mass parameter of a Monte Carlo event generator, $m_t^{\rm MC}$. Due to hadronization and parton shower dynamics, relating $m_t^{\rm MC}$ to a field theory mass is difficult. We present a calibration procedure to determine this relation using hadron level QCD predictions for observables with kinematic mass sensitivity. Fitting $e^+e^-$ 2-Jettiness calculations at NLL/NNLL order to Pythia 8.205, $m_t^{\rm MC}$ differs from the pole mass by $900$/$600$ MeV, and agrees with the MSR mass within uncertainties, $m_t^{\rm MC}\simeq m_{t,1\,{\rm GeV}}^{\rm MSR}$.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Factor-of-iid balanced orientation of non-amenable graphs
Creators: name: Bencs, Ferenc
name: Hrušková, Aranka
name: Tóth, László Márton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G10, 60K35, 37A15, 37A30, 37A50, 20E05

description: We show that if a non-amenable, quasi-transitive, unimodular graph $G$ has all degrees even then it has a factor-of-iid balanced orientation, meaning each vertex has equal in- and outdegree. This result involves extending earlier spectral-theoretic results on Bernoulli shifts to the Bernoulli graphings of quasi-transitive, unimodular graphs. As a consequence, we also obtain that when $G$ is regular (of either odd or even degree) and bipartite, it has a factor-of-iid perfect matching. This generalizes a result of Lyons and Nazarov beyond transitive graphs.
description: 24 pages, 1 figure. This is one of two papers that are replacing the shorter arXiv submission arXiv:2101.12577v1 Factor of iid Schreier decoration of transitive graphs
Ring theoretical properties of affine cellular algebras
Creators: name: Carvalho, Paula A. A. B.
name: Koenig, Steffen
name: Lomp, Christian
name: Shalile, Armin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16G30, 16G10, 16P90, 16P40

description: As a generalisation of Graham and Lehrer's cellular algebras, affine cellular algebras have been introduced in [12] in order to treat affine versions of diagram algebras like affine Hecke algebras of type A and affine Temperley-Lieb algebras in a unifying fashion. Affine cellular algebras include Kleshchev's graded quasihereditary algebras, KLR algebras and various other classes of algebras. In this paper we will study ring theoretical properties of affine cellular algebras. We show that any affine cellular algebra $A$ satisfies a polynomial identity. Furthermore, we show that $A$ can be embedded into its asymptotic algebra if the occurring commutative affine algebra $B_j$ are reduced and the determinants of the swich matrices are non-zero divisors. As a consequence, we show that the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension of $A$ is less than or equal to the largest Krull dimension of the algebras $B_j$ and that equality hold, in case all affine cell ideals are idempotent or if the Krull dimension of the algebras $B_j$ is less than or equal to $1$. Special emphasis is given to the question when an affine cell ideal is idempotent, generated by an idempotent or finitely generated.
description: 23 pages
Economical Quaternion Extraction from a Human Skeletal Pose Estimate using 2-D Cameras
Creators: name: Radhakrishna, Sriram
name: Balasubramanyam, Adithya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present a novel algorithm to extract a quaternion from a two dimensional camera frame for estimating a contained human skeletal pose. The problem of pose estimation is usually tackled through the usage of stereo cameras and intertial measurement units for obtaining depth and euclidean distance for measurement of points in 3D space. However, the usage of these devices comes with a high signal processing latency as well as a significant monetary cost. By making use of MediaPipe, a framework for building perception pipelines for human pose estimation, the proposed algorithm extracts a quaternion from a 2-D frame capturing an image of a human object at a sub-fifty millisecond latency while also being capable of deployment at edges with a single camera frame and a generally low computational resource availability, especially for use cases involving last-minute detection and reaction by autonomous robots. The algorithm seeks to bypass the funding barrier and improve accessibility for robotics researchers involved in designing control systems.
description: This is the post-final version of the paper published with IEEE CONECCT 2023 with some figure reference errors rectified
Efficient Solution of Bimaterial Riemann Problems for Compressible Multi-Material Flow Simulations
Creators: name: Ma, Wentao
name: Zhao, Xuning
name: Islam, Shafquat
name: Narkhede, Aditya
name: Wang, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: When solving compressible multi-material flow problems, an unresolved challenge is the computation of advective fluxes across material interfaces that separate drastically different thermodynamic states and relations. A popular idea in this regard is to locally construct bimaterial Riemann problems, and to apply their exact solutions in flux computation. For general equations of state, however, finding the exact solution of a Riemann problem is expensive as it requires nested loops. Multiplied by the large number of Riemann problems constructed during a simulation, the computational cost often becomes prohibitive. The work presented in this paper aims to accelerate the solution of bimaterial Riemann problems without introducing approximations or offline precomputation tasks. The basic idea is to exploit some special properties of the Riemann problem equations, and to recycle previous solutions as much as possible. Following this idea, four acceleration methods are developed, including (1) a change of integration variable through rarefaction fans, (2) storing and reusing integration trajectory data, (3) step size adaptation, and (4) constructing an R-tree on the fly to generate initial guesses. The performance of these acceleration methods are assessed using four example problems in underwater explosion, laser-induced cavitation, and hypervelocity impact. These problems exhibit strong shock waves, large interface deformation, contact of multiple (>2) interfaces, and interaction between gases and condensed matters. In these challenging cases, the solution of bimaterial Riemann problems is accelerated by 37 to 87 times. As a result, the total cost of advective flux computation, which includes the exact Riemann problem solution at material interfaces and the numerical flux calculation over the entire computational domain, is accelerated by 18 to 81 times.
Giant Mesoscopic Fluctuations and Long Range Superconducting Correlations in Superconductor--Ferromagnet structures
Creators: name: Mel'nikov, A. S.
name: Buzdin, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fluctuating superconducting correlations emerging in dirty hybrid structures in conditions of the strong proximity effect are demonstrated to affect the validity range of the widely used formalism of Usadel equations at mesoscopic scales. In superconductor -- ferromagnet (SF) structures these giant mesoscopic fluctuations originating from the interference effects for the Cooper pair wave function in the presence of the exchange field can be responsible for an anomalously slow decay of superconducting correlations in a ferromagnet even when the non-collinear and spin-orbit effects are negligible. The resulting sample-to-sample fluctuations of the Josephson current in SFS junctions and local density of states in SF hybrid structures can provide an explanation of the long range proximity phenomena observed in mesoscopic samples with collinear magnetization.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Blind source separation for non-stationary random fields
Creators: name: Muehlmann, Christoph
name: Bachoc, François
name: Nordhausen, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Regional data analysis is concerned with the analysis and modeling of measurements that are spatially separated by specifically accounting for typical features of such data. Namely, measurements in close proximity tend to be more similar than the ones further separated. This might hold also true for cross-dependencies when multivariate spatial data is considered. Often, scientists are interested in linear transformations of such data which are easy to interpret and might be used as dimension reduction. Recently, for that purpose spatial blind source separation (SBSS) was introduced which assumes that the observed data are formed by a linear mixture of uncorrelated, weakly stationary random fields. However, in practical applications, it is well-known that when the spatial domain increases in size the weak stationarity assumptions can be violated in the sense that the second order dependency is varying over the domain which leads to non-stationary analysis. In our work we extend the SBSS model to adjust for these stationarity violations, present three novel estimators and establish the identifiability and affine equivariance property of the unmixing matrix functionals defining these estimators. In an extensive simulation study, we investigate the performance of our estimators and also show their use in the analysis of a geochemical dataset which is derived from the GEMAS geochemical mapping project.
Practicable Robust Stochastic Optimization under Divergence Measures
Creators: name: Caunhye, Aakil M.
name: Alem, Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We seek to provide practicable approximations of the two-stage robust stochastic optimization (RSO) model when its ambiguity set is constructed with an f-divergence radius. These models are known to be numerically challenging to various degrees, depending on the choice of the f-divergence function. The numerical challenges are even more pronounced under mixed-integer first-stage decisions. In this paper, we propose novel divergence functions that produce practicable robust counterparts, while maintaining versatility in modeling diverse ambiguity aversions. Our functions yield robust counterparts that have comparable numerical difficulties to their nominal problems. We also propose ways to use our divergences to mimic existing f-divergences without affecting the practicability. We implement our models in a realistic location-allocation model for humanitarian operations in Brazil. Our humanitarian model optimizes an effectiveness-equity trade-off, defined with a new utility function and a Gini mean difference coefficient. With the case study, we showcase 1) the significant improvement in practicability of the RSO counterparts with our proposed divergence functions compared to existing f-divergences, 2) the greater equity of humanitarian response that our new objective function enforces and 3) the greater robustness to variations in probability estimations of the resulting plans when ambiguity is considered.
First measurement of the top quark pair production cross section in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13.6 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first measurement of the top quark pair ($\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$) production cross section in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13.6 TeV is presented. Data recorded with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in Summer 2022, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.21 fb$^{-1}$, are analyzed. Events are selected with one or two charged leptons (electrons or muons) and additional jets. A maximum likelihood fit is performed in event categories defined by the number and flavors of the leptons, the number of jets, and the number of jets identified as originating from b quarks. An inclusive $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ production cross section of 881 $\pm$ 23 (stat+syst) $\pm$ 20 (lumi) pb is measured, in agreement with the standard model prediction of 924 $^{+32}_{-40}$ pb.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables, including an additional supplementary figure, can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/TOP-22-012 (CMS Public Pages)
Cocyclic braces and indecomposable cocyclic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation
Creators: name: Jedlička, Přemysl
name: Pilitowska, Agata
name: Zamojska-Dzienio, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 16T25. Secondary: 20B35, 20D15

description: We study indecomposable involutive set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation with cyclic permutation groups (cocyclic solutions). In particular, we show that there is no one-to-one correspondence between indecomposable cocyclic solutions and cocyclic braces which contradicts recent results in \cite{Rump21}.
Transformer-based Map Matching Model with Limited Ground-Truth Data using Transfer-Learning Approach
Creators: name: Jin, Zhixiong
name: Kim, Jiwon
name: Yeo, Hwasoo
name: Choi, Seongjin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In many spatial trajectory-based applications, it is necessary to map raw trajectory data points onto road networks in digital maps, which is commonly referred to as a map-matching process. While most previous map-matching methods have focused on using rule-based algorithms to deal with the map-matching problems, in this paper, we consider the map-matching task from the data-driven perspective, proposing a deep learning-based map-matching model. We build a Transformer-based map-matching model with a transfer learning approach. We generate trajectory data to pre-train the Transformer model and then fine-tune the model with a limited number of ground-truth data to minimize the model development cost and reduce the real-to-virtual gap. Three metrics (Average Hamming Distance, F-score, and BLEU) at two levels (point and segment level) are used to evaluate the model performance. The results indicate that the proposed model outperforms existing models. Furthermore, we use the attention weights of the Transformer to plot the map-matching process and find how the model matches the road segments correctly.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables
Hybrid quantum-classical machine learning for generative chemistry and drug design
Creators: name: Gircha, A. I.
name: Boev, A. S.
name: Avchaciov, K.
name: Fedichev, P. O.
name: Fedorov, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Deep generative chemistry models emerge as powerful tools to expedite drug discovery. However, the immense size and complexity of the structural space of all possible drug-like molecules pose significant obstacles, which could be overcome with hybrid architectures combining quantum computers with deep classical networks. As the first step toward this goal, we built a compact discrete variational autoencoder (DVAE) with a Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) of reduced size in its latent layer. The size of the proposed model was small enough to fit on a state-of-the-art D-Wave quantum annealer and allowed training on a subset of the ChEMBL dataset of biologically active compounds. Finally, we generated 2331 novel chemical structures with medicinal chemistry and synthetic accessibility properties in the ranges typical for molecules from ChEMBL. The presented results demonstrate the feasibility of using already existing or soon-to-be-available quantum computing devices as testbeds for future drug discovery applications.
description: 8 pages. 3 figures, 1 table
Improved Performance and Reliability of p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells via Doped Metal Oxides
Creators: name: Savva, Achilleas
name: Burgues-Ceballos, Ignasi
name: Choulis, Stelios A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Perovskite photovoltaics (PVs) have attracted attention because of their excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE). Critical issues related to large area PV performance, reliability and lifetime need to be addressed. Here, we show that doped metal oxides can provide ideal electron selectivity, improved reliability and stability for perovskite PVs. We report p-i-n perovskite PVs with device areas ranging from 0.09cm2 to 0.5cm2 incorporating a thick aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) electron selective contact with hysteresis-free PCE of over 13% and high fill factor values in the range of 80%. AZO provides suitable energy levels for carrier selectivity, neutralizes the presence of pinholes and provides intimate interfaces. Devices using AZO exhibit an average PCE increase of over 20% compared with the devices without AZO and maintain the high PCE for the larger area devices reported. Furthermore, the device stability of p-i-n perovskite solar cells under the ISOS-D-1 is enhanced when AZO is used, and maintains 100% of the initial PCE for over 1000 hours of exposure when AZO/Au is used as the top electrode. Our results indicate the importance of doped metal oxides as carrier selective contacts to achieve reliable and high performance long lived large area perovskite solar cells.
The Typed Graph Model -- a Supermodel for Model Management and Data Integration
Creators: name: Laux, Fritz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, the Graph Model has become increasingly popular, especially in the application domain of social networks. The model has been semantically augmented with properties and labels attached to the graph elements. It is difficult to ensure data quality for the properties and the data structure because the model does not need a schema. In this paper, we propose a schema bound Typed Graph Model with properties and labels. These enhancements improve not only data quality but also the quality of graph analysis. The power of this model is provided by using hyper-nodes and hyper-edges, which allows to present data structures on different abstraction levels. We prove that the model is at least equivalent in expressive power to most popular data models. Therefore, it can be used as a supermodel for model management and data integration. We illustrate by example the superiority of this model over the property graph data model of Hidders and other prevalent data models, namely the relational, object-oriented, XML model, and RDF Schema.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures, 1 tables, journal paper. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2110.00991