cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cogenerating and Pre-annihilating Dark Matter by a New Gauge Interaction in a Unified Model
Creators: name: Barr, S. M.
name: Scherrer, Robert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Grand unified theories based on large groups (with rank greater or equal to 6 are a natural context for dark matter models. They contain Standard-Model-singlet fermions that could be dark matter candidates, and can contain new non-abelian interactions whose sphalerons convert baryons, leptons, and dark matter into each other, "cogenerating" a dark matter asymmetry comparable to the baryon asymmetry. In this paper it is shown that the same non-abelian interactions can "pre-annihilate" the symmetric component of heavy dark matter particles, which then decay late into light stable dark matter particles that inherit their asymmetry. It is shown that such decays can come from d=5 operators that are Planck or GUT suppressed. We derive constraints on such models and present a simple realization based on the group SU(7).
description: 14 pages, a fully unified model presented in much greater detail
Hope, the Household Environment, and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Young Women in Rural South Africa (HPTN 068)
Creators: name: Pettifor, A.
name: Kahn, K.
name: Abler, L.
name: Maman, S.
name: MacPhail, C.
name: Hill, L.M.
name: Twine, R.
Publisher: name: Springer New York LLC
Year: 2018

description: We assessed the psychological trait of hope as an explanatory mediator in the relationship between the home environment and sexual risk behaviors among 2533 young women in rural South Africa. Hope mediated the relationship between average household age and sexual debut (mediated effect = − 0.003, p < 0.05), and between household consumption and sexual debut (mediated effect = − 0.019, p < 0.05). Both higher average household age (β = 0.01; 95% CI 0.00, 0.01) and greater household consumption (β = 0.05; 95% CI 0.02, 0.08) were marginally associated with higher hope. In turn, greater hope was associated with lower odds of sexual debut (aOR = 0.62; 95% CI 0.52, 0.74). These results provide important preliminary evidence of the role of the home environment in shaping protective psychological assets and healthy sexual behaviors. Continued exploration of the relationship between hope and the home environment may help to explain why young women in this context have a disproportionate risk for HIV.
LA RÉPARTITION DES SÉDIMENTS EN BAIE DE MORLAIX ET EN BAIE DE SIEC
Creators: name: BOILLOT, Gilbert
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1961

description: The author studies sediments between + 10 m and -40 m. He defines three zones, differcnt by their petrography: the "littoral prism" and the mud zone, composed with silicious sediments, the "Lithothamnium zone'', where fragments of calcareous Algas are found (Lithothamnium), and the calcareous sands, which are sometimes from littoral origin (quartz and shells), sometimes from
marine origin (Bryozoaires and Ophiothrix). The stability of this division is object of debate.
Creation and validation of the Distorted Thoughts on Gender Violence Aggressors Inventory
Creators: name: Mora-Pelegrín, Miguel
name: Vázquez, M. Agustina
name: Armenteros-Martínez, Elena
name: Aranda, María
name: Montes-Berges, Beatriz
Publisher: name: Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology
Year: 2022
Subjects: Validation; Distorted thoughts; Aggressors; Gender violence; Evaluation; Myths; Clinical Psychology.

description: Background: Myths and erroneous beliefs around gender violence jeopardise the progress made in recent decades. In trying to counteract them, it is important to be able to measure the extent to which these distorted thoughts are accepted by victims, aggressors, qualified professionals, and the general population. The main goal of this study was the construction and validation of a self-report instrument to evaluate the distorted thoughts on perpetrators of gender violence. Method: The study involved 855 participants, 479 female and 376 male, Mage = 38.6, SD = 16. After the psychometric analysis of the initial pool of items (N = 100), 35 were adjusted to the parameters of asymmetry, kurtosis, standard deviation, collinearity, and content validity. Results. The study of dimensionality yielded a one-dimensional model with 35 items. The confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate indices of goodness of fit (χ2 = 208.321) and Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA = .052), optimal indices of Comparative Fit (CFI = .989) and corrected goodness of fit (AGFI = .987). The instrument was called the “Distorted Thoughts on Gender Violence Aggressors Inventory” (DTGVAI) and reached an internal consistency of ω = .705. Convergent validity showed a positive relationship between distorted thoughts about aggressors and a) thoughts about violence and victims, and b) ambivalent sexism. Men, older people, and the actively religious showed more distorted thoughts. Conclusion. In conclusion, the DTGVAI is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing myths about the abuser and serves as a starting point for efforts to neutralise these beliefs.
description: Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol 10, No 2 (2022)
Gender Norms, Gender Role Conflict/Stress and HIV Risk Behaviors Among Men in Mpumalanga, South Africa
Creators: name: Lippman, S.A.
name: MacPhail, C.
name: Kahn, K.
name: McNaughton-Reyes, H.L.
name: Maman, S.
name: Twine, R.
name: Barrington, C.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: Gottert, A.
Publisher: name: Springer New York LLC
Year: 2018

description: Men’s gender role conflict and stress (GRC/S), the psychological strain they experience around fulfilling expectations of themselves as men, has been largely unexplored in HIV prevention research. We examined associations between both men’s gender norms and GRC/S and three HIV risk behaviors using data from a population-based survey of 579 18–35 year-old men in rural northeast South Africa. Prevalence of sexual partner concurrency and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration in the last 12 months were 38.0 and 13.4%, respectively; 19.9% abused alcohol. More inequitable gender norms and higher GRC/S were each significantly associated with an increased odds of concurrency (p = 0.01; p < 0.01, respectively), IPV perpetration (p = 0.03; p < 0.01), and alcohol abuse (p = 0.02; p < 0.001), controlling for demographic characteristics. Ancillary analyses demonstrated significant positive associations between: concurrency and the GRC/S sub-dimension subordination to women; IPV perpetration and restrictive emotionality; and alcohol abuse and success, power, competition. Programs to transform gender norms should be coupled with effective strategies to prevent and reduce men’s GRC/S.
Additional file 9 of Prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of oral anticoagulants in patients with oral anticoagulation-related critical bleeding: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials
Creators: name: Ovesen, Christian
name: Purrucker, Jan
name: Grundtvig, Josefine
name: Mikkelsen, Theis Bech
name: Gluud, Christian
name: Jakobsen, Janus Christian
name: Christensen, Hanne
name: Steiner, Thorsten
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 9.
Sinapsi Academic Self-Management Training Group to Promote Well-Being with University Students
Creators: name: Martino, Maria Luisa
name: Passeggia, Raffaella
name: Di Natale, Maria Rosaria
name: Freda, Maria Francesca
Publisher: name: Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology
Year: 2022
Subjects: Self-management; University; Well-being.

description: Introduction: Self-management (SM) is a concept aimed to manage of chronic patients. To date, SM has not been used and implemented within the university context. Within a positive psychology framework, SM is a key strategic competence, effective in the support of personal resources for the management of the relationship between the student and university. Within the SInAPSi Centre of Federico II University-Naples, authors have developed an innovative group training programme, SInAPSi Academic Self-Management Training (SAM), based on the acquisition and promotion of the strategy of SM composed of six weekly meetings held on the MTeams Platform. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of six group cycles of SAM conducted with 92 students. Method: The General Self Efficacy Scale, Academic Motivation Scale, and SInAPSi Academic Engagement Scale have been administered in pre and post testing and a T-test for paired samples was performed by SPSS software. Results: The results show that SAM has proven to be effective in improving significantly students’ general self-efficacy and in realizing a more adaptive integration of university life into the private domain. Discussion: Results suggest that the acquisition of competences in SM will support all kinds of students not only during their academic careers but also during their transition into the job market.
description: Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol 10, No 2 (2022)
Deep Disagreement in Mathematics
Creators: name: Aberdein, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 00A30

description: Disagreements that resist rational resolution, often termed ``deep disagreements'', have been the focus of much work in epistemology and informal logic. In this paper, I argue that they also deserve the attention of philosophers of mathematics. I link the question of whether there can be deep disagreements in mathematics to a more familiar debate over whether there can be revolutions in mathematics. I propose an affirmative answer to both questions, using the controversy over Shinichi Mochizuki's work on the abc conjecture as a potential example of both phenomena. I conclude by investigating the prospects for the resolution of mathematical deep disagreements in virtue-theoretic approaches to informal logic and mathematical practice.
(353) Margaret Wilson Mann
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
CONTRIBUTION TO BIOLOGY OF SCYLIORHINIDAE FROM TUNISIAN COASTS .6. GALEUS-MELASTOMUS RAFINESQUE, 1810 - GEOGRAPHIC REPARTITION, BATHYMETRY, SEXUALITY, REPRODUCTION AND FECUNDITY
Creators: name: Capape, C.
name: Zaouali, J.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1977

Abstract
Starting the Conversation: Are Campus Sexual Assault Policies Related to the Prevalence of Campus Sexual Assault?
Creators: name: Graham, L.M.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: Martin, S.L.
name: McClay, A.M.
name: Kupper, L.L.
name: Magee, E.P.
name: DeLong, S.M.
name: Treves-Kagan, S.
name: Ashley, O.S.
name: Macy, R.J.
name: Moracco, K.E.
name: Gray, C.L.
name: Zarnick, S.M.
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications Inc.
Year: 2018

description: One goal of university campus sexual assault (CSA) policies is to help prevent CSA. Federal guidance in the 2014 White House Task Force to Protect Students From Sexual Assault Checklist for Campus Sexual Misconduct Policies suggests 10 elements for inclusion in CSA policies (e.g., Policy Introduction, Grievance/Adjudication), and outlines policy topics to be included within each element (Policy Introduction includes two topics: statement of prohibition against sex discrimination including sexual misconduct and statement of commitment to address sexual misconduct). However, no research has examined whether CSA policies impact CSA prevalence. To begin addressing this gap, we studied 24 universities participating in the 2015 Association of American Universities Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct. We linked 2014-2015 data from these universities’ CSA policies and their CSA prevalence findings from the 2015 Association of American Universities (AAU) survey. To test whether the comprehensiveness of schools’ CSA policies was related to schools’ CSA prevalence, we examined the degree to which the CSA policies included recommended policy content from the aforementioned Checklist. Policies were characterized as more comprehensive if they included greater numbers of Checklist topics. We then correlated the number of topics within the policies with school-level CSA prevalence. We also explored whether there was lower CSA prevalence among schools with policies containing particular topics. Results suggested that greater comprehensiveness of schools’ entire CSA policies was negatively correlated with CSA prevalence; however, these findings did not approach statistical significance. The number of negative correlations observed between schools’ CSA policy elements and CSA prevalence among undergraduate women was greater than expected by chance alone, suggesting a possible connection between comprehensive CSA policies and CSA prevalence. Schools with policies that included a topic on their sexual assault response team had the lowest CSA prevalence for both women and men, and schools that included topics describing grievance/adjudication procedures had lower CSA prevalence. This study provides a novel examination of CSA and could inform needed research related to the impact of CSA policies on CSA.
Universal scaling in quenches across a discontinuity critical point
Creators: name: Suzuki, Sei
name: Dutta, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study slow variation (both spatial as well as temporal) of a parameter of a system in the vicinity of discontinuous quantum phase transitions, in particular, a discontinuity critical point (DCP) (or a first-order critical point). We obtain the universal scaling relations of the density of defects and the residual energy after a temporal quench, while we also unravel the scaling of the characteristic length scale associated with a spatial quench of a symmetry breaking field. Considering a spin-1/2 XXZ chain we establish how these scaling relations get modified when the DCP is located at the boundary of a gapless critical phase; these predictions are also confirmed numerically.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, including supplemental material
Adaptation and delivery of a motivational interviewing-based counseling program for persons acutely infected with HIV in Malawi: Implementation and lessons learned
Creators: name: Kamanga, G.
name: Massa, C.
name: Corneli, A.
name: Golin, C.E.
name: Grodensky, C.A.
name: Demers, M.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: McKenna, K.
name: Pack, A.P.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ireland Ltd
Year: 2018

description: Objective: Individuals diagnosed with acute HIV infection (AHI) are highly infectious and require immediate HIV prevention efforts to minimize their likelihood of transmitting HIV to others. We sought to explore the relevance of Motivational Interviewing (MI), an evidence-based counseling method, for Malawians with AHI. Methods: We designed a MI-based intervention called “Uphungu Wanga” to support risk reduction efforts immediately after AHI diagnosis. It was adapted from Options and SafeTalk interventions, and refined through formative research and input from Malawian team members and training participants. We conducted qualitative interviews with counselors and participants to explore the relevance of MI in this context. Results: Intervention adaptation required careful consideration of Malawian cultural context and the needs of people with AHI. Uphungu Wanga's content was relevant and key MI techniques of topic selection and goal setting were viewed positively by counselors and participants. However, rating levels of importance and confidence did not appear to help participants to explore behavior change as intended. Conclusion: Uphungu Wanga may have provided some added benefits beyond “brief education” standard of care counseling for Malawians with AHI. Practice implications: MI techniques of topic selection and goal setting may enhance prevention education and counseling for Malawians with AHI.
Additional file 10 of Prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of oral anticoagulants in patients with oral anticoagulation-related critical bleeding: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials
Creators: name: Ovesen, Christian
name: Purrucker, Jan
name: Grundtvig, Josefine
name: Mikkelsen, Theis Bech
name: Gluud, Christian
name: Jakobsen, Janus Christian
name: Christensen, Hanne
name: Steiner, Thorsten
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 10.
The Mediating Role of Sedentary Behaviour in the Relationship Between Social Support and Depression Among Individuals with Diabetes
Creators: name: Ademoyegun, Adekola Babatunde
name: Afolabi, Olubukola Esther
name: Aghedo, Ishanosen Abidemi
name: Adelowokan, Omotola Ibitayo
name: Mbada, Chidozie Emmanuel
name: Awotidebe, Taofeek Oluwole
Publisher: name: Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology
Year: 2022
Subjects: Mediation; Diabetes; Depression; Sedentary behaviour.

description: Background and objective: The underlying mechanisms for the well-established link between social support and depression remain less understood. This study examined the mediating role of sedentary behaviour (SB) in the relationship between social support (SS) and depression among individuals with diabetes. Methods: A total of 250 consenting individuals with diabetes attending endocrinology clinic in a Nigerian tertiary hospital were recruited. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were used to collect data on SB, SS and depression respectively. Mediation analysis was performed with hierarchical multiple regression and PROCESS Macro for SPSS. Alpha level was set at p 0.05. Results: The prevalence of depression among diabetic patients was 30.8%. Social support had a significant negative association with depression and SB, while SB was positively associated with depression (P 0.001). The results showed that SB was a mediator between social support and depression (a*b = -0.151; BCa 95% CI: -0.207 ~ -0.102). Conclusion: The prevalence of depression was high among Nigerian diabetic patients. In addition, SB has a mediating role in the relationship between social support and depression indicating that SB could reinforce the positive effect of social support on depression.
description: Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol 10, No 2 (2022)
Comparing four service delivery models for adolescent girls and young women through the Girl Power' study: Protocol for a multisite quasi-experimental cohort study
Creators: name: Maseko, B.
name: Masters, A.
name: Marcus, R.
name: Pettifor, A.E.
name: Vansia, D.
name: Bekker, L.-G.
name: Rosenberg, N.E.
name: Madlingozi, N.
name: Phanga, T.
name: Myers, L.
name: Tang, J.
name: Bhushan, N.L.
name: Hosseinipour, M.C.
name: Kachigamba, A.
name: Mtwisha, L.
Publisher: name: BMJ Publishing Group
Year: 2017

description: In sub-Saharan Africa, adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) face a range of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges. Clinical, behavioural and structural interventions have each reduced these risks and improved health outcomes. However, combinations of these interventions have not been compared with each other or with no intervention at all. The Girl Power' study is designed to systematically make these comparisons. Methods and analysis Four comparable health facilities in Malawi and South Africa (n=8) were selected and assigned to one of the following models of care: (1) Standard of care: AGYW can receive family planning, HIV testing and counselling (HTC), and sexually transmitted infection (STI) syndromic management in three separate locations with three separate queues with the general population. No youth-friendly spaces, clinical modifications or trainings are offered, (2) Youth-Friendly Health Services (YFHS): AGYW are meant to receive integrated family planning, HTC and STI services in dedicated youth spaces with youth-friendly modifications and providers trained in YFHS, (3) YFHS+behavioural intervention (BI): In addition to YFHS, AGYW can attend 12 monthly theory-driven, facilitator-led, interactive sessions on health, finance and relationships, (4) YFHS+BI+conditional cash transfer (CCT): in addition to YFHS and BI, AGYW receive up to 12 CCTs conditional on monthly BI session attendance. At each clinic, 250 AGYW 15-24 years old (n=2000 total) will be consented, enrolled and followed for 1 year. Each participant will complete a behavioural survey at enrolment, 6 months and 12 months. All clinical, behavioural and CCT services will be captured. Outcomes of interest include uptake of each package element and reduction in HIV risk behaviours. A qualitative substudy will be conducted. Ethics/dissemination This study has received ethical approval from the University of North Carolina Institutional Review Board, the University of Cape Town Human Research Ethics Committee and Malawi's National Health Sciences Research Committee. Study plans, processes and findings will be disseminated to stakeholders, in peer-reviewed journals and at conferences.
(354) John Sawtell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Psychometric properties and validation of the Italian version of the Medical Fear Survey- Short Version
Creators: name: Bani, Marco
name: Zorzi, Federico
name: Russo, Selena
name: Ardenghi, Stefano
name: Rampoldi, Giulia
name: Strepparava, Maria Grazia
Publisher: name: Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medical Fear Survey – Short Version; Reliability; Validity; Blood donation; Anxiety; Clinical psychology; Psychometrics.

description: Background: Assessing medically-related fears is of paramount importance to foster medical positive experiences and outcomes and requires an easy-to-administer tool. The Medical Fear Survey-Short Version (MFS-SV) is a 25-item questionnaire assessing 5 medically related fears (Injections and Blood Draws, Sharp Objects, Blood, Mutilation, and Examinations and Symptoms). Methods: To examine the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the MFS-SV, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed on data from 1010 young adults (68.8% female, mean age= 23.9±5.05) who provided demographic information and completed the MFS-SV, the Padua Inventory-Contamination Fear Subscale, the Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale revised (DPSS-R) and the Injection Phobia Scale-Anxiety (IPS-Anx). Convergent validity, reliability, test-retest stability, and multigroup invariance were assessed. Discriminant analysis explored the potential screening function of the MFS-SV. Results: The 5-factor structure of the questionnaire was confirmed, explaining the 68.8% of variance. Raykov’s composite reliability coefficients ranged between .84 and .95. Test-retest stability, convergent validity, and the consistency of the scores across gender were confirmed. The MFS-SV could discriminate subjects with a history of blood donations (Wilk’s Lambda = 0.915; p 0.001). Conclusion: The overall results supported the psychometric properties of the MFS-SV and its suitability for both research and clinical uses to assess different medical fears.
description: Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol 10, No 2 (2022)
Near-real-time global gridded daily CO$_2$ emissions 2021
Creators: name: Dou, Xinyu
name: Hong, Jinpyo
name: Ciais, Philippe
name: Chevallier, Frédéric
name: Yan, Feifan
name: Yu, Ying
name: Hu, Yifan
name: Huo, Da
name: Sun, Yun
name: Wang, Yilong
name: Davis, Steven J.
name: Crippa, Monica
name: Janssens-Maenhout, Greet
name: Guizzardi, Diego
name: Solazzo, Efisio
name: Lin, Xiaojuan
name: Song, Xuanren
name: Zhu, Biqing
name: Cui, Duo
name: Ke, Piyu
name: Wang, Hengqi
name: Zhou, Wenwen
name: Huang, Xia
name: Deng, Zhu
name: Liu, Zhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a near-real-time global gridded daily CO$_2$ emissions dataset (GRACED) throughout 2021. GRACED provides gridded CO$_2$ emissions at a 0.1degree*0.1degree spatial resolution and 1-day temporal resolution from cement production and fossil fuel combustion over seven sectors, including industry, power, residential consumption, ground transportation, international aviation, domestic aviation, and international shipping. GRACED is prepared from a near-real-time daily national CO$_2$ emissions estimates (Carbon Monitor), multi-source spatial activity data emissions and satellite NO$_2$ data for time variations of those spatial activity data. GRACED provides the most timely overview of emissions distribution changes, which enables more accurate and timely identification of when and where fossil CO$_2$ emissions have rebounded and decreased. Uncertainty analysis of GRACED gives a grid-level two-sigma uncertainty of value of 19.9% in 2021, indicating the reliability of GRACED was not sacrificed for the sake of higher spatiotemporal resolution that GRACED provides. Continuing to update GRACED in a timely manner could help policymakers monitor energy and climate policies' effectiveness and make adjustments quickly.
Gender, HIV Testing and Stigma: The Association of HIV Testing Behaviors and Community-Level and Individual-Level Stigma in Rural South Africa Differ for Men and Women
Creators: name: Lippman, S.A.
name: El Ayadi, A.M.
name: Treves-Kagan, S.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: Peacock, D.
name: Kahn, K.
name: Twine, R.
name: Maman, S.
name: MacPhail, C.
Publisher: name: Springer New York LLC
Year: 2017

description: Stigma remains a significant barrier to HIV testing in South Africa. Despite being a social construct, most HIV-stigma research focuses on individuals; further the intersection of gender, testing and stigma is yet to be fully explored. We examined the relationship between anticipated stigma at individual and community levels and recent testing using a population-based sample (n = 1126) in Mpumalanga, South Africa. We used multi-level regression to estimate the potential effect of reducing community-level stigma on testing uptake using the g-computation algorithm. Men tested less frequently (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14–0.33) and reported more anticipated stigma (OR 5.1, 95% CI 2.6–10.1) than women. For men only, testing was higher among those reporting no stigma versus some (OR 1.40, 95% CI 0.97–2.03; p = 0.07). For women only, each percentage point reduction in community-level stigma, the likelihood of testing increased by 3% (p < 0.01). Programming should consider stigma reduction in the context of social norms and gender to tailor activities appropriately.
Process Evaluation of Animal Assisted Therapies with Children: The Role of the Human-Animal Bond on the Therapeutic Alliance, Depth of Elaboration, and Smoothness of Sessions
Creators: name: Mezza, Fabrizio
name: Saturnino, Claudia
name: Pizzo, Rosa
name: Santaniello, Antonio
name: Cristiano, Serena
name: Garzillo, Susanne
name: Maldonato, Nelson Mauro
name: Bochicchio, Vincenzo
name: Menna, Lucia Francesca
name: Scandurra, Cristiano
Publisher: name: Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology
Year: 2022
Subjects: Animal Assisted Therapy; Process; Alliance; Depth; Smoothness.

description: Objective: The current study examined the change processes in three Animal Assisted Therapies (AATs) by assessing the relationship between the human-animal bond and the therapeutic alliance, depth of elaboration, and smoothness of treatment sessions. Methods: This was a retrospective study assessing videotaped AATs conducted with three children aged from 7 to 9 years old from the observer perspective. The AATs were based on the Federico II Model of Healthcare Zooanthropology, and each consisted in 8 sessions. A one-way analysis of variance and linear regression models was performed. Results: The human-animal bond, therapeutic alliance, depth of elaboration, and smoothness significantly improved during the sessions. Furthermore, the improvement in therapeutic dimensions proved to be a function of the increase in the human-animal bond. Conclusions: The findings have provided empirical evidence of the change processes occurring during AATs with children, offering some limited but specific insights into the interspecific relationship as a central axis of such treatments.
description: Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol 10, No 2 (2022)
(355) William Mann
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Depression and Engagement in Care Among Newly Diagnosed HIV-Infected Adults in Johannesburg, South Africa
Creators: name: Gaynes, B.N.
name: Macphail, C.
name: Qangule, N.
name: Pence, B.W.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: Miller, W.C.
name: Bassett, J.
name: Cholera, R.
Publisher: name: Springer New York LLC
Year: 2017

description: Delayed engagement in HIV care threatens the success of HIV treatment programs in sub-Saharan Africa and may be influenced by depression. We examined the relationship between depression prior to HIV diagnosis and engagement in HIV care at a primary care clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa. We screened 1683 patients for depression prior to HIV testing using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Among patients who tested positive for HIV we assessed linkage to HIV care, defined as obtaining a CD4 count within 3 months. Among those who linked to care and were eligible for ART, we assessed ART initiation within 3 months. Multivariable Poisson regression with a robust variance estimator was used to assess the association between depression and linkage to care or ART initiation. The prevalence of HIV was 26 % (n = 340). Among HIV-infected participants, the prevalence of depression was 30 %. The proportion of linkage to care was 80 % among depressed patients and 73 % among patients who were not depressed (risk ratio 1.08; 95 % confidence interval 0.96, 1.23). Of the participants who linked to care, 81 % initiated ART within 3 months in both depressed and not depressed groups (risk ratio 0.99; 95 % confidence interval 0.86, 1.15). Depression was not associated with engagement in HIV care in this South African primary care setting. Our unexpected findings suggest that some depressed HIV-infected patients might be more likely to engage in care than their counterparts without depression, and highlight the complex relationship between depression and HIV infection. These findings have led us to propose a new framework relating HIV infection, depression, and the population under study.
Quench dynamics of the Kondo effect: transport across an impurity coupled to interacting wires
Creators: name: Cavalcante, Moallison F.
name: Pereira, Rodrigo G.
name: Aguiar, Maria C. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the real-time dynamics of the Kondo effect after a quantum quench in which a magnetic impurity is coupled to two metallic Hubbard chains. Using an effective field theory approach, we find that for noninteracting electrons the charge current across the impurity is given by a scaling function that involves the Kondo time. In the interacting case, we show that the Kondo time decreases with the strength of the repulsive interaction and the time dependence of the current reveals signatures of the Kondo effect in a Luttinger liquid. In addition, we verify that the relaxation of the impurity magnetization does not exhibit universal scaling behavior in the perturbative regime below the Kondo time. Our results highlight the role of nonequilibrium dynamics as a valuable tool in the study of quantum impurities in interacting systems.
Intensity mapping of [CII] from early galaxies
Creators: name: Yue, Bin
name: Ferrara, Andrea
name: Pallottini, Andrea
name: Gallerani, Simona
name: Vallini, Livia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intensity mapping of the [CII] 157.7 $\rm μ$m fine-structure emission line represents an ideal experiment to probe star formation activity in galaxies, especially in those that are too faint to be individually detected. Here, we investigate the feasibility of such an experiment for $z > 5$ galaxies. We construct the $L_{\rm CII} - M_{\rm h}$ relation from observations and simulations, then generate mock [CII] intensity maps by applying this relation to halo catalogs built from large scale N-body simulations. Maps of the extragalactic far-infrared (FIR) continuum, referred to as "foreground", and CO rotational transition lines and [CI] fine-structure lines referred to as "contamination", are produced as well. We find that, at 316 GHz (corresponding to $z_{\rm CII} = 5$), the mean intensities of the extragalactic FIR continuum, [CII] signal, all CO lines from $J=1$ to 13 and two [CI] lines are $\sim 3\times10^5$ Jy sr$^{-1}$, $\sim 1200$ Jy sr$^{-1}$, $\sim 800$ Jy sr$^{-1}$ and $\sim 100$ Jy sr$^{-1}$, respectively. We discuss a method that allows us to subtract the FIR continuum foreground by removing a spectrally smooth component from each line of sight, and to suppress the CO/[CI] contamination by discarding pixels that are bright in contamination emission. The $z > 5$ [CII] signal comes mainly from halos in the mass range $10^{11-12} \,M_\odot$; as this mass range is narrow, intensity mapping is an ideal experiment to investigate these early galaxies. In principle such signal is accessible to a ground-based telescope with a 6 m aperture, 150 K system temperature, a $128\times128$ pixels FIR camera in 5000 hr total integration time, however it is difficult to perform such an experiment by using currently available telescopes.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 11 of Prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of oral anticoagulants in patients with oral anticoagulation-related critical bleeding: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials
Creators: name: Ovesen, Christian
name: Purrucker, Jan
name: Grundtvig, Josefine
name: Mikkelsen, Theis Bech
name: Gluud, Christian
name: Jakobsen, Janus Christian
name: Christensen, Hanne
name: Steiner, Thorsten
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 11.
Psychophysiological aspects of Borderline Personality Disorder reactivity to interpersonal stimuli: associations to components of childhood abuse
Creators: name: Bortolla, Roberta
name: Spada, Gea Elena
name: Galli, Marco
name: Visitini, Raffaele
name: Talè, Chiara
name: Maffei, Cesare
Publisher: name: Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology
Year: 2022
Subjects: Borderline personality disorder; Interpersonal functioning; Emotion dysregulation; Childhood abuse; Heart rate variability.

description: Background: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is mostly characterized by emotional dysregulation manifested in subjective, behavioral, and physiological terms. Although, a huge number of studies conducted on this topic, empirical findings remain mixed, leading researchers to hypothesize that some manifestations of the disorder could be expressed in specific situations. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate components of emotional dysregulation in response to socio-relational clips in BPD by collecting self-reported and physiological data. Methods: An emotional elicitation task was administered to 28 BPD patients and 28 healthy controls (HCs). The task consisted of 24 clips with explicit interpersonal contents categorized into positive, negative, erotic, and neutral stimuli. Self-reported emotional intensity elicited by each clip and ECG indexes were recorded during the task. Results: Patients reported higher intensity of negative emotions in response to different relational contents compared to HCs. Moreover, we found an increase in HRV in BPD during the administration of the relational clips. Eventually, significant associations between scores of positive emotions and dimensions of emotional abuse and neglect were reported. Conclusions: To summarize, our results support difficulties in emotional experience in BPD manifested both in subjective and physiological terms. Patients report a negative bias in the evaluation of relational contents, which is more pronounced when high scores of childhood abuse are taken into account. Eventually, relational contents engage a complex physiological response that could express a condition of physiological immobilization in response to social cues.
description: Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol 10, No 2 (2022)
Magnetic dipolar interaction between correlated triplets created by singlet fission in tetracene crystals
Creators: name: Wang, Rui
name: Zhang, Chunfeng
name: Zhang, Bo
name: Liu, Yunlong
name: Wang, Xiaoyong
name: Xiao, Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Singlet fission (SF) can potentially break the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit in single-junction solar cells by splitting one photo-excited singlet exciton (S1) into two triplets (2T1) in organic semiconductors. A dark multi-exciton (ME) state has been proposed as the intermediate connecting S1 to 2T1. However, the exact nature of this ME state, especially how the doubly-excited triplets interact, remains elusive. Here, we report a quantitative study on the magnetic dipolar interaction between SF-induced correlated triplets in tetracene crystals by monitoring quantum beats relevant to the ME sublevels at room temperature. The resonances of ME sublevels approached by tuning an external magnetic field are observed to be avoided, which agrees well with the theoretical predictions considering a magnetic dipolar interaction of ~ 0.008 GHz. Our work paves a way to quantify the magnetic dipolar interaction in organic materials and marks an important step towards understanding the underlying physics of the ME state.
The effect of coping strategies on the risk for suicidal ideation and behavior in adolescents
Creators: name: Gómez-Tabares, Anyerson Stiths
name: Carmona Marín, Jessica Paola
name: Muñoz Vanegas, Alejandro
name: Landinez Martinez, Daniel Alfredo
name: Mogollón Gallego, Erika Marcela
Publisher: name: Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology
Year: 2022
Subjects: Coping; Suicidal ideation; Risk; Adolescent.

description: The aim of this paper was to analyze the predictive effect of coping strategies on the risk for suicidal ideation and behavior in 309 adolescents between 11 and 18 years of age (M=13.51; SD=1.9). This was a quantitative study, with a cross-sectional-correlational design. The Suicide Orientation Scale (Iso-30) and the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) were used. Findings suggest that 12.9% of the sample reported high risk of suicide. Adolescents at low risk of suicide, compared with those reporting moderate and severe risk, had higher scores on problem solving, cognitive restructuring, social support, emotional expression, and problem avoidance, and lower scores on desiderative thinking, social withdrawal, and self-criticism. Suicidal ideation and behavior were found to correlate negatively with problem solving, cognitive restructuring, social support, emotional expression, problem avoidance, and positively with desiderative thinking, social withdrawal and self-criticism. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that coping strategies explained between 46 % and 56 % of the variance of the risk of suicidal ideation and behavior. Social withdrawal and self-criticism strategies contributed significant effects that increased the probability of high suicide risk. These findings can be used to help guide suicide prevention and intervention strategies in school settings.
description: Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol 10, No 2 (2022)
Men’s perceptions of treatment as prevention in South Africa: Implications for engagement in HIV care and treatment
Creators: name: Kahn, K.
name: Lippman, S.A.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: Treves-Kagan, S.
name: Mooney, A.C.
name: Macphail, C.
name: Khoza, N.
name: Hove, J.
name: Rebombo, D.
name: Gottert, A.
name: Suárez, A.J.
name: Twine, R.
Publisher: name: Guilford Publications
Year: 2017

description: While South Africa provides universal access to treatment, HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy (ART) uptake remains low, particularly among men. Little is known about community awareness of the effects of treatment on preventing transmission, and how this information might impact HIV service utilization. This qualitative study explored understandings of treatment as prevention (TasP) among rural South African men. Narratives emphasized the known value of ART for individual health, but none were aware of its preventive effects. Many expressed that preventing transmission to partners would incentivize testing, earlier treatment, and adherence in the absence of symptoms, and could reduce the weight of a diagnosis. Doubts about TasP impacts on testing and care included enduring risks of stigma and transmission. TasP information should be integrated into clinic-based counseling for those utilizing services, and community-based education for broader reach. Pairing TasP information with alternative testing options may increase engagement among men reluctant to be seen at clinics.
Thermodynamic meaning and power of non-Markovianity
Creators: name: Bylicka, Bogna
name: Tukiainen, Mikko
name: Piilo, Jyrki
name: Chruscinski, Dariusz
name: Maniscalco, Sabrina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish a connection between non-Markovian memory effects and thermodynamical quantities such as work. We show how memory effects can be interpreted as revivals of work that can be extracted from a quantum system. We prove that non-Markovianity may allow an increase in the extractable work even when the entropy of the system is increasing. Our results have important implications both in quantum thermodynamics and in quantum information theory. In the former context they pave the way to the understanding of concepts like work in a non-Markovian open system scenario. In the latter context they lead to interesting consequences for quantum state merging protocols in presence of noise.
description: Includes supplementary material
Topological quantum field theory of three-dimensional bosonic Abelian-symmetry-protected topological phases
Creators: name: Ye, Peng
name: Gu, Zheng-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Symmetry-protected topological phases (SPT) are short-range entangled gapped states protected by global symmetry. Nontrivial SPT phases cannot be adiabatically connected to the trivial disordered state(or atomic insulator) as long as certain global symmetry $G$ is unbroken. At low energies, most of two-dimensional SPTs with Abelian symmetry can be described by topological quantum field theory (TQFT) of multi-component Chern-Simons type. However, in contrast to the fractional quantum Hall effect where TQFT can give rise to interesting bulk anyons, TQFT for SPTs only supports trivial bulk excitations. The essential question in TQFT descriptions for SPTs is to understand how the global symmetry is implemented in the partition function. In this paper, we systematically study TQFT of three-dimensional SPTs with unitary Abelian symmetry (e.g., $\mathbb{Z}_{N_1}\times\mathbb{Z}_{N_2}\times\cdots$). In addition to the usual multi-component $BF$ topological term at level-$1$, we find that there are new topological terms with quantized coefficients (e.g., $a^1\wedge a^2\wedge d a^2$ and $a^1\wedge a^2\wedge a^3\wedge a^4$) in TQFT actions, where $a^{1},a^2,\cdots$ are 1-form U(1) gauge fields. These additional topological terms cannot be adiabatically turned off as long as $G$ is unbroken. By investigating symmetry transformations for the TQFT partition function, we end up with the classification of SPTs that is consistent with the well-known group cohomology approach. We also discuss how to gauge the global symmetry and possible TQFT descriptions of Dijkgraaf-Witten gauge theory.
description: 11 pages. Published version