cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Full tomography from compatible measurements
Creators: name: Rehacek, J.
name: Hradil, Z.
name: Bouchal, Z.
name: Celechovsky, R.
name: Rigas, I.
name: Sanchez-Soto, L. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We put forward a reconstruction scheme prompted by the relation between a von Neumann measurement and the corresponding informationally complete measurement induced in a relevant reconstruction subspace. This method is specially suited for the full tomography of complex quantum systems, where the intricacies of the detection part of the experiment can be greatly reduced provided some prior information is available. In broader terms this shows the importance of \sugg{this often-disregarded} prior information in quantum theory. The proposed technique is illustrated with an experimental tomography of photonic vortices of moderate dimension.
description: 4 pages, 5 eps-color figures. To be published in Physical Review Letters
Extraction of bound-state parameters from dispersive sum rules
Creators: name: Lucha, Wolfgang
name: Melikhov, Dmitri
name: Simula, Silvano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The procedure of extracting the ground-state parameters from vacuum-to-vacuum and vacuum-to-hadron correlators within the method of sum rules is considered. The emphasis is laid on the crucial ingredient of this method - the effective continuum threshold. A new algorithm to fix this quantity is proposed and tested. First, a quantum-mechanical potential model which provides the only possibility to probe the reliability and the actual accuracy of the sum-rule method is used as a study case. In this model, our algorithm is shown to lead to a remarkable improvement of the accuracy of the extracted ground-state parameters compared to the standard procedures adopted in the method and used in all previous applications of dispersive sum rules in QCD. As a next step, it is demonstrated that the procedures of extracting the ground-state decay constant in the potential model and in QCD are quantitatively very close to each other. Therefore, the application of the proposed algorithm in QCD promises a considerable increase of the accuracy of the extracted hadron parameters.
description: 11 pages
Convexity of the zeros of some orthogonal polynomials and related functions
Creators: name: Jordaan, K
name: Tookos, F
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33C45; 34C10; 42C05

description: We study convexity properties of the zeros of some special functions that follow from the convexity theorem of Sturm. We prove results on the intervals of convexity for the zeros of Laguerre, Jacobi and ultraspherical polynomials, as well as functions related to them, using transformations under which the zeros remain unchanged. We give upper as well as lower bounds for the distance between consecutive zeros in several cases.
title: 'Effective Judicial Review Is of the Essence of the Rule of Law': Challenging Common Foreign and Security Policy Measures Before the Court of Justice
Creators: name: Cremona, Marise
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Common Foreign and Security Policy
subject: judicial review
subject: rule of law
subject: validity
subject: interpretation
subject: restrictive measures

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2017 2(2), 671-697
description: I. Introduction. - II. The legal framework. - III. Limiting the Court's jurisdiction. - IV. The Exception: judicial review of CFSP acts. - V. Grounds for and intensity of review. - VI. Conclusion.
description: This Article discusses the role of the Court of Justice in reviewing acts adopted under the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), seeking to determine to what extent the "exceptionalism" of the CFSP, its characterisation as a field of executive action largely shielded from judicial scrutiny, is an accurate assessment. The Court's role is constrained in two ways. First, although the CFSP has been integrated into the overall legal structures of EU external relations by the Lisbon Treaty, it is still subject to "specific rules and procedures" (Art. 24, para. 1, TEU) and among these specific rules are limitations on the jurisdiction of the Court of Justice. Second, is the self-restraint of the Court itself when reviewing acts adopted within the framework of external policies in which the decision-making institutions have a wide discretion; this self-restraint is not specific to the CFSP but the CFSP is a clear case of broad policy discretion. Despite these constraints we are seeing a growing number of cases in which the Court is asked to assess the legality of CFSP acts. The Article will address three main questions: 1) What is the scope of the limitation to judicial review in the CFSP? 2) What is the scope of the Treaty-based exceptions to this limitation? 3) Does the degree and intensity of judicial scrutiny of CFSP acts demonstrate a particular judicial reticence with respect to CFSP?
Advancing benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as a tool for pharmaceutical development
Creators: name: Maschmeyer-Tombs, Tristan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: The ability to quantitatively monitor chemical species through a reaction allows for insight to enhance process efficiency and/or safety. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique, known for the ability to provide structural and quantitative data in a non-destructive manner. There has been significant growth in the development and availability of benchtop NMR spectrometers in the last decade. The use of permanent magnets result in smaller applied magnetic fields, a decrease in sensitivity and signal dispersion, but a more compact size and affordable cost. Particularly, benchtop NMR can allow for the powerful analytical capabilities associated with NMR spectroscopy to enter non-traditional settings, such as a synthetic laboratory. Therefore, this thesis focuses on leveraging these systems for reaction monitoring. First, an on-line continuous-flow benchtop NMR system is explored. Particular attention is given to the impact of flow on the mixing behaviour of analyte within the flow cell, mixing/emptying behaviour, the spin-lattice relaxation time, and sensitivity of data measurement with two sets of acquisition parameters. The complex nature of continuous-flow analyses prompted the development and application of an on-line stopped-flow benchtop NMR system, with all hardware centrally controlled with a Python script. The utility of this system was showcased using difficult to monitor model reaction systems. These reactions include activation of a carboxylic acid with sulfuryl fluoride (SO₂F₂) and carbamate formation as a result of an alcohol reacting with an isocyanate resultant from a modified Curtius rearrangement. An external calibration quantitative NMR (qNMR) method is further highlighted, allowing for robust qNMR analyses without an internal standard or special hardware. The utility of the qNMR method is demonstrated by monitoring all synthetic steps of a highly relevant chemical transformation to the pharmaceutical industry: 1,1’-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) mediated amide coupling. Lastly, on-line stopped- and continuous-flow benchtop NMR systems were compared for reaction monitoring, using two model reactions: a homogenous imination reaction and the activation of a carboxylic acid using perfluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride (PBSF). The on-line stopped-flow benchtop NMR system resulted in more robust quantitative analyses and, therefore, more easily achievable mechanistic information.
Cosmic Polarization Rotation, Cosmological Models, and the Detectability of Primordial Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: Ni, Wei-Tou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background) polarization observations test many aspects of cosmological models. Effective pseudoscalar-photon interaction(s) would induce a rotation of linear polarization of electromagnetic wave propagating with cosmological distance in various cosmological models. CMB polarization observations are superb tests of these models and have the potential to discover new fundamental physics. Pseudoscalar-photon interaction is proportional to the gradient of the pseudoscalar field. From phenomenological point of view, this gradient could be neutrino number asymmetry, other density current, or a constant vector. In these situations, Lorentz invariance or CPT may effectively be violated. In this paper, we review these results and anticipate what more precise observations can tell us about fundamental physics, inflation, etc. Better accuracy in CMB polarization observation is expected from PLANCK mission to be launched this year. Dedicated CMB polarization observers like B-Pol mission, CMBpol mission and LiteBIRD mission would probe this fundamental issue more deeply in the future. With these sensitivities, cosmic polarization rotations from effective pseudoscalar-photon interaction, Faraday polarization rotations from primordial and large-scale magnetic field, and tensor modes effects would have chances to be detected and distinguished. The subtracted tensor-mode effects are likely due to primordial gravitational waves. We discuss the direct detectability of these primordial gravitational waves using space GW detectors.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, talk given in Particle Physics, Astrophysics & Quantum Field Theory: 75 Years since Solvay (PAQFT08), 27th-29th November, 2008, submitted to International Journal of Modern Physics A
BioExcel Webinar #55 - MDAnalysis; interoperable analysis of biomolecular simulations in Python
Creators: name: Beckstein, Oliver
name: Wang, Lily
name: Alibay, Irfan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Webinar

description: MDAnalysis is one of the most widely-used Python libraries for the analysis of biomolecular simulations and structures, underpinning analysis workflows in academia and industry. In this talk, we will introduce MDAnalysis, showcase popular core features as well as exciting new developments in the recent 2.0 release, such as converters for the RDKit and OpenMM libraries, and workflows for parallel analysis. We will discuss future directions for improving and expanding the MDAnalysis ecosystem, with a focus on improved performance, interoperability, and enabling the development of downstream toolkits.
Beta Cephei stars from ASAS: a new look at hot pulsators
Creators: name: Pigulski, A.
name: Pojmanski, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS) data, covering nearly 70% of the whole sky south of declination +28 deg, were recently used to discover about 300 Beta Cephei stars brighter than V~11.5 mag. As this means a nearly fourfold increase in the number of known stars of this type, new possibilities in studying these pulsators open up, including statistical work. The homogeneity of the ASAS survey allows us to study their distribution in the local Galaxy. We discuss this distribution in the context of the location of nearby spiral arms. In addition, we show pulsational (periods, amplitudes) properties of the whole sample of known Beta Cephei stars. Some objects interesting from the point of view of asteroseismology are also indicated.
description: Proc. of the "Stellar Pulsation: Challenges for Theory and Observation" conference, Sanfa Fe, 31 May - 5 June 2009, 4 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Longitudinal associations of housework with frailty and mortality in older adults: Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study 2
Creators: name: Lee, Shuen Yee
name: Nyunt, Ma Shwe Zin
name: Gao, Qi
name: Gwee, Xinyi
name: Chua, Denise Qian Ling
name: Yap, Keng Bee
name: Wee, Shiou Liang
name: Ng, Tze Pin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: eTable 1. Associations of participation in housework dichotomised by MET min/week with prefrailty/frailty at follow up. eTable 2. Associations of participation in housework dichotomised by MET min/week with all-cause mortality. eTable 3. Associations of participation in housework dichotomised by top quartile duration (min/week) with all-cause mortality.
Leaching and Precipitation Experiments Related to the Pedersen Process
Creators: name: Nedkvitne, Eirik Nøst
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Large amount of residual red mud is generated from the production of metallurgical grade alumina from the commercial Bayer process. Environmental challenges are associated with landfilling the residue. An alternative route for alumina production is via the Pedersen process. It is a combined pyro- and hydrometallurgical process for producing alumina which avoids the generation of residues. The total environmental impact is lower for an optimized Pedersen process compare to the present Bayer process. This Thesis explore the system of carbonization of sodium aluminate solutions and leaching characteristics of calcium aluminate slags related to the Pedersen process. Experiences related to carbonization experiments are shared and key features for carbonization of sodium aluminate solutions are presented. This Thesis forms a basis for further research that may lead to more sustainable alumina production.
Dense Packings of Polyhedra: Platonic and Archimedean Solids
Creators: name: Torquato, S.
name: Jiao, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate the problem of generating dense packings of nonoverlapping, non-tiling polyhedra within an adaptive fundamental cell subject to periodic boundary conditions as an optimization problem, which we call the Adaptive Shrinking Cell (ASC) scheme. This novel optimization problem is solved here (using a variety of multi-particle initial configurations) to find the dense packings of each of the Platonic solids in three-dimensional Euclidean space R3 , except for the cube, which is the only Platonic solid that tiles space. We find the densest known packings of tetrahedra, icosahedra, dodecahedra, and octahedra with densities 0.823, 0.836, 0.904, and 0.947, respectively. It is noteworthy that the densest tetrahedral packing possesses no long-range order. Unlike the densest tetrahedral packing, which must not be a Bravais lattice packing, the densest packings of the other non-tiling Platonic solids that we obtain are their previously known optimal (Bravais) lattice packings. We also derive a simple upper bound on the maximal density of packings of congruent nonspherical particles, and apply it to Platonic solids, Archimedean solids, superballs and ellipsoids. Our simulation results, rigorous upper bounds, and other theoretical arguments lead us to the conjecture that the densest packings of Platonic and Archimedean solids with central symmetry are given by their corresponding densest lattice packings. In addition, we conjecture that the optimal packing of any convex, congruent polyhedron without central symmetry generally is not a lattice packing.
description: To appear in Phys. Rev. E. The paper is a sequel of a recent Nature paper, i.e., Nature 460, 876 (2009). In this paper, we reported a new packing of tetrahedra with higher density 0.823 than that reported in Nature (0.782). The paper is 52 pages, including 14 figures and 4 tables
Hausdorff measure of Julia sets in the exponential family
Creators: name: Peter, Joern
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30D05; 37F10

description: We consider the Hausdorff measure of Julia sets and escaping sets of exponential maps with respect to certain gauge functions. We give conditions on the growth of the gauge function which imply that the measure is zero or infinity, respectively.
description: 29 pages
Firefly Algorithm, Levy Flights and Global Optimization
Creators: name: Yang, Xin-She
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Optimization and control

description: Nature-inspired algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization and Firefly Algorithm are among the most powerful algorithms for optimization. In this paper, we intend to formulate a new metaheuristic algorithm by combining Levy flights with the search strategy via the Firefly Algorithm. Numerical studies and results suggest that the proposed Levy-flight firefly algorithm is superior to existing metaheuristic algorithms. Finally implications for further research and wider applications will be discussed.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Cold sensitivity of Casuarina cunninghamiana (Casuarinaceae) saplings
Creators: name: Riley, Ian
name: Saygı, Ayşe Hayriye
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Botany

description: Riley IT, Saygı AH (2021) Cold sensitivity of Casuarina cunninghamiana (Casuarinaceae) saplings. Anotolian Journal of Botany 5, 124-126. doi:10.30616/ajb.979577.
[with corrected labelling of Figure 1]
Phrynosoma (Batrachosoma) coronatum Blainv.
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Squamata
Sauria
Phrynosomatidae
Phrynosoma
Phrynosoma coronatum

description: Phrynosoma (Batrachosoma) coronatum Blainv.
San Diego v. H. Ing. Mieseher. [2]
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 712, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
Superconductivity from purely repulsive interactions in the strong coupling approach : Application of the SU(2) slave-rotor theory to the Hubbard model
Creators: name: Kim, Ki-Seok
name: Kim, Mun Dae
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a mechanism of superconductivity from purely repulsive interactions in the strong coupling regime, where the BCS (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer) mechanism such as the spin-fluctuation approach is difficult to apply. Based on the SU(2) slave-rotor representation of the Hubbard model, we find that the single energy scale for the amplitude formation of Cooper pairs and their phase coherence is separated into two energy scales, allowing the so called pseudogap state where such Cooper pairs are coherent locally but not globally, interpreted as realization of the density-phase uncertainty principle. This superconducting state shows the temperature-linear decreasing ratio of superfluid weight, resulting from strong phase fluctuations.
The Existence of Maximal $n$-Orthogonal Subcategories
Creators: name: Huang, Zhaoyong
name: Zhang, Xiaojin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16G10; 16E10

description: For an $(n-1)$-Auslander algebra $Λ$ with global dimension $n$, we give some necessary conditions for $Λ$ admitting a maximal $(n-1)$-orthogonal subcategory in terms of the properties of simple $Λ$-modules with projective dimension $n-1$ or $n$. For an almost hereditary algebra $Λ$ with global dimension 2, we prove that $Λ$ admits a maximal 1-orthogonal subcategory if and only if for any non-projective indecomposable $Λ$-module $M$, $M$ is injective is equivalent to that the reduced grade of $M$ is equal to 2. We give a connection between the Gorenstein Symmetric Conjecture and the existence of maximal $n$-orthogonal subcategories of $^{\bot}T$ for a cotilting module $T$. For a Gorenstein algebra, we prove that all non-projective direct summands of a maximal $n$-orthogonal module are $Ω^nτ$-periodic. In addition, we study the relation between the complexity of modules and the existence of maximal $n$-orthogonal subcategories for the tensor product of two finite-dimensional algebras.
description: 19 pages, to appear in Journal of Algebra
z = 3 antiferromagnetic quantum critical point : U(1) slave-fermion theory of Anderson lattice model
Creators: name: Kim, Ki-Seok
name: Jia, Chenglong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find the dynamical exponent $z = 3$ antiferromagnetic (AF) quantum critical point (QCP) in the heavy fermion quantum transition beyond the standard framework of the Hertz-Moriya-Millis theory with $z = 2$. Based on the U(1) slave-fermion representation of the Anderson lattice model, we show the continuous transition from an antiferromagnetic metal to a heavy fermion Fermi liquid, where the heavy fermion phase consists of two fluids, differentiated from the slave-boson theory. Thermodynamics and transport of the $z = 3$ AF QCP are shown to be consistent with the well known non-Fermi liquid physics such as the divergent Grüneisen ratio with an exponent 2/3 and temperature-linear resistivity. In particular, the uniform spin susceptibility turns out to diverge with an exponent 2/3, the hallmark of the $z = 3$ AF QCP described by deconfined bosonic spinons.
Cool dwarfs stars from the Torino Observatory Parallax Program
Creators: name: Smart, R. L.
name: Ioannidis, G.
name: Jones, H. R. A.
name: Bucciarelli, B.
name: Lattanzi, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate and parameterise high proper motion red stars in the Torino Observatory Parallax Program. Observations of 27 objects were made over the period 1994 - 2001 on the 1.05m Torino telescope. The trigonometric parallaxes and proper motions were determined using standard techniques. We determine parallaxes and proper motions, and by comparison to models we infer masses, ages, and {metallicities}. Of the 27 objects, 22 are within 25pc and 4 appear to be subdwarfs. There are published parallaxes for 18 objects, and all but 4 agree to within 2$σ$. The discrepancies are discussed.
description: 8 pages 6 figures accepted by AA
Spectral properties of gas-phase condensed fullerene-like carbon nanoparticles from far-ultraviolet to infrared wavelengths
Creators: name: Jäger, C.
name: Mutschke, H.
name: Henning, Th.
name: Huisken, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Carbon solids are ubiquitous material in the interstellar space. However, the formation pathway of carbonaceous matter in astrophysical environments as well as in terrestrial gas-phase condensation reactions is not yet understood. Laser ablation of graphite in different quenching gas atmospheres such as pure He, He/H$_2$, and He/H$_2$O at varying pressures is used to synthesize very small, fullerene-like carbon nanoparticles. The particles are characterized by very small diameters between 1 and 4 nm and a disturbed onion-like structure. The soot particles extracted from the condensation zone obviously represent a very early stage of particle condensation. The spectral properties have been measured from the far-ultraviolet (FUV) ($λ$=120 nm) to the mid-infrared (MIR) ($λ$=15 ~$μ$m). The seed-like soot particles show strong absorption bands in the 3.4 ~$μ$m range. The profile and the intensity pattern of the 3.4 ~$μ$m band of the diffuse interstellar medium can be well reproduced by the measured 3.4 ~$μ$m profile of the condensed particles, however, all the carbon which is left to form solids is needed to fit the intensity of the interstellar bands. In contrast to the assumption that onion-like soot particles could be the carrier of the interstellar ultraviolet (UV) bump, our very small onion-like carbon nanoparticles do not show distinct UV bands due to ($π-π$*) transitions.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
High temperature ferromagnetism of Li-doped vanadium oxide nanotubes
Creators: name: Popa, A. I.
name: Vavilova, E.
name: Arango, Y. C.
name: Kataev, V.
name: Täschner, C.
name: Klauss, H. -H.
name: Maeter, H.
name: Luetkens, H.
name: Büchner, B.
name: Klingeler, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of a puzzling high temperature ferromagnetism of doped mixed-valent vanadium oxide nanotubes reported earlier by Krusin-Elbaum et al., Nature 431 (2004) 672, has been addressed by static magnetization, muon spin relaxation, nuclear magnetic and electron spin resonance spectroscopy techniques. A precise control of the charge doping was achieved by electrochemical Li intercalation. We find that it provides excess electrons, thereby increasing the number of interacting magnetic vanadium sites, and, at a certain doping level, yields a ferromagnetic-like response persisting up to room temperature. Thus we confirm the surprising previous results on the samples prepared by a completely different intercalation method. Moreover our spectroscopic data provide first ample evidence for the bulk nature of the effect. In particular, they enable a conclusion that the Li nucleates superparamagnetic nanosize spin clusters around the intercalation site which are responsible for the unusual high temperature ferromagnetism of vanadium oxide nanotubes.
description: with some amendments published in Europhysics Letters (EPL) 88 (2009) 57002; http://epljournal.edpsciences.org
Exploring the Expansion of the Universe with Big Data and Machine Learning
Creators: name: Chen, Thomas Y.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: With high-resolution imaging and an expansive field of view, near-infrared sensitivity, precise pointing control, and high survey speed, the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will enable unprecedented capabilities to address key cosmological questions. To explore the expansion and structure of the universe, the telescope will provide wavefront stability of <1 nm and utilize a Wide Field Instrument comprising 18 4k × 4k near-IR detectors. With the Roman mission gathering data from millions of galaxies, artificial intelligence will be a crucial asset in processing an ultra-deep field. In this work, we discuss how both statistical and machine-learning-based modeling can lead to novel discovery on this front. Machine learning approaches, such as convolutional neural networks for large quantities of imagery, are particularly suited to analyzing large cosmological databases efficiently, but the explainability of the results is a potential limitation. As the data collected will be made open-access through the Mikulski Archives for Space Telescopes (MAST), the cosmological and astrophysical communities will be able to collaborate across institutions and disciplines to perform state-of-the-art analyses, improving upon developed benchmarks.
Introgression, recombination, and genomic differentiation in a cryptic species complex of North American passerines
Creators: name: Askelson, Kenneth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Understanding how selection, recombination, and introgression interact during the speciation process is a key goal in the field of evolution, and many questions remain unanswered. In my dissertation, I make use of a cryptic species complex of white-breasted nuthatches (Sitta carolinensis) to understand the landscape of genomic differentiation between these putative species and how recombination and introgression have shaped those patterns. I then extend my findings regarding recombination and differentiation in white-breasted nuthatches to examine a broad sampling of genomic differentiation in avian species pairs, to infer how chromosome length (and thus rates of recombination) have shaped genome-wide patterns of differentiation. Through my research, I found that white-breasted nuthatches are comprised of four differentiated populations that are on a continuum of differentiation and that ghost lineage introgression has been involved in shaping these patterns. I also found evidence for large inversion-like haploblocks occurring in white-breasted nuthatches. I then combined these differentiation patterns with recombination estimates to show that broad-scale recombination rates are negatively associated with differentiation. In my final chapter, I found that the relationship between differentiation and chromosome length varied among pairs, but the direction of this relationship was significantly negatively correlated with the age of divergence. This result points to large chromosomes with lower rates of recombination being the likely areas to have higher amounts of differentiation in younger species. My dissertation spans a wide research scope, from species-specific questions to broad questions about recombination and differentiation. It expands our knowledge of bird species by describing the genomic patterns of this cryptic species complex and how ghost lineage introgression has provided important variation. My research also advances the field by adding to the growing body of evidence that areas of low recombination are associated with regions of increased differentiation and that these landscapes of recombination likely shape genomic differentiation across bird species.
Practical tools for third order cosmological perturbations
Creators: name: Christopherson, Adam J.
name: Malik, Karim A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss cosmological perturbation theory at third order, deriving the gauge transformation rules for metric and matter perturbations, and constructing third order gauge invariant quantities. We present the Einstein tensor components, the evolution equations for a perfect fluid, and the Klein-Gordon equation at third order, including scalar, vector and tensor perturbations. In doing so, we also give all second order tensor components and evolution equations in full, exhilarating generality.
description: 17 pages, revtex4; v2: corresponds to version published in JCAP
Firefly Algorithms for Multimodal Optimization
Creators: name: Yang, Xin-She
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: optimization and control

description: Nature-inspired algorithms are among the most powerful algorithms for optimization. This paper intends to provide a detailed description of a new Firefly Algorithm (FA) for multimodal optimization applications. We will compare the proposed firefly algorithm with other metaheuristic algorithms such as particle swarm optimization (PSO). Simulations and results indicate that the proposed firefly algorithm is superior to existing metaheuristic algorithms. Finally we will discuss its applications and implications for further research.
Gymnodactylus (Dracuncul.) maculatus Gray
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Squamata
Sauria
Phyllodactylidae
Gymnodactylus
Gymnodactylus maculatus

description: * Draco (Dracuncul.) maculatus Gray liz.
Java v. F M. [1]
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 712, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
Zeros of linear combinations of Laguerre polynomials from different sequences
Creators: name: Driver, K
name: Jordaan, K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33C45; 42C05

description: We study interlacing properties of the zeros of two types of linear combinations of Laguerre polynomials with different parameters, namely $R_n=L_n^α+aL_{n}^{α'}$ and $S_n=L_n^α+bL_{n-1}^{α'}$. Proofs and numerical counterexamples are given in situations where the zeros of $R_n$, and $S_n$, respectively, interlace (or do not in general) with the zeros of $L_k^α$, $L_k^{α'}$, $k=n$ or $n-1$. The results we prove hold for continuous, as well as integral, shifts of the parameter $α$.
Cosmological Simulations of Massive Compact High-z Galaxies
Creators: name: Sommer-Larsen, Jesper
name: Toft, Sune
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to investigate the structure and dynamics of the recently discovered massive (M_* > 10^11 M_sun) compact z~2 galaxies, cosmological hydrodynamical/N-body simulations of a proto-cluster region have been undertaken. At z=2, the highest resolution simulation contains ~5800 resolved galaxies, of which 509, 27 and 5 have M_* > 10^10 M_sun, > 10^11 M_sun and > 4x10^11 M_sun, respectively. Effective radii and characteristic stellar densities have been determined for all galaxies. At z=2, for the definitely well resolved mass range of M_* > 10^11 Msun, the mass-size relation is consistent with observational findings for the most compact z~2 galaxies. The very high velocity dispersion recently measured for a compact z~2 galaxy (~510 km/s; van Dokkum et al 2009) can be matched at about the 1-sigma level, although a somewhat larger mass than the estimated M_* ~ 2 x 10^11 M_sun is indicated. For the above mass range, the galaxies have an average axial ratio  = 0.64 +/- 0.02 with a dispersion of 0.1, an average rotation to 1D velocity dispersion ratio = 0.46 +/- 0.06 with a dispersion of 0.3, and a maximum value of v/sigma ~ 1.1. Rotation and velocity anisotropy both contribute in flattening the compact galaxies. Some of the observed compact galaxies appear flatter than any of the simulated galaxies. Finally, it is found that the massive compact galaxies are strongly baryon dominated in their inner parts, with typical dark matter mass fractions of order only 20% inside of r=2R_eff.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, submitted to ApJ
Navigating racism and resilience : an interpretive description study of ethnoracial minority youth experiences in Vancouver
Creators: name: Dainaraviciute, Neringa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: This study sheds light on the persistent racial discrimination faced by minority youth in Canada despite the country’s reputation for multiculturalism and inclusivity. The issue has become increasingly pressing as immigration rates continue to rise. The current research aims to explore how young people from ethnoracial minority groups navigate racism and resilience in their daily lives within the Canadian multiculturalism context, using the Interpretive Description methodology. The study investigates the factors that contribute to or hinder resilience, identifies racism-related risks in unique contexts and circumstances, and examines how youth cope with challenges in the context of sociopolitical impacts. The study uses a resilience framework, acknowledging its potential while recognizing the need to examine the concept of resilience critically for it to better serve marginalized communities. Grounded in critical theory and a social justice perspective, this research highlights the significance of centering lived experiences and recognizing power dynamics in the fight against racism. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data generated through focus groups and individual interviews with 18 young people in Vancouver from ethnoracial minority groups who had self-identified as experienced racism. The study concludes that subtle and overt forms of everyday racism continue to dominate, and systemic racism is often hidden under the Canadian multiculturalism ideology. Youth have developed creative ways to respond to racism. In general, resilient responses for youth meant taking sole responsibility for diffusing racist encounters or relying on internal resources to reduce the negative impact of racism. Participants felt that their communities (e.g., neighbourhood, school) were limited in supporting them against systemic racism. The findings have theoretical implications for dominant resilience theory and suggest a need for a new conceptualization of the construct. These research findings, situated within the broader literature, likewise offer practice recommendations for professionals working with youth, including educators, healthcare professionals, social workers, clinicians, and policymakers.
Additional file 1 of Effects of different grafting materials on volumetric changes in the Schneiderian membrane following lateral maxillary sinus floor elevation: a preliminary study
Creators: name: Jiang, Xinke
name: He, Shamin
name: Bornstein, Michael M.
name: Wu, Yiqun
name: Ye, Lijuan
name: Wang, Feng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Table S1. The results of volumetric measurement in the two groups. Table S2. Distribution of preoperative and postoperative membrane-bone cavity volume ratio (R) in the two groups.
The LAOG-Planet Imaging Surveys
Creators: name: Chauvin, G.
name: Lagrange, A. -M.
name: Mouillet, D.
name: Beuzit, J. -L.
name: Beust, H.
name: Ehrenreich, D.
name: Bonnefoy, M.
name: Allard, F.
name: Bessel, M.
name: Bonavita, M.
name: Desidera, S.
name: Dumas, C.
name: Farihi, J.
name: Fusco, T.
name: Gratadour, D.
name: Lowrance, P.
name: Mayor, M.
name: Rouan, D.
name: Song, I.
name: Udry, S.
name: Zuckerman, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the development of high contrast imaging techniques and infrared detectors, vast efforts have been devoted during the past decade to detect and characterize lighter, cooler and closer companions to nearby stars, and ultimately image new planetary systems. Complementary to other observing techniques (radial velocity, transit, micro-lensing, pulsar-timing), this approach has opened a new astrophysical window to study the physical properties and the formation mechanisms of brown dwarfs and planets. I here will briefly present the observing challenge, the different observing techniques, strategies and samples of current exoplanet imaging searches that have been selected in the context of the LAOG-Planet Imaging Surveys. I will finally describe the most recent results that led to the discovery of giant planets probably formed like the ones of our solar system, offering exciting and attractive perspectives for the future generation of deep imaging instruments.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, Invited talk of "Exoplanets and disks: their formation and diversity" conference, 9-12 March 2009
Projective vs metric structures
Creators: name: Nurowski, Pawel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a number of conditions which are necessary for an n-dimensional projective structure (M,[nabla]) to include the Levi-Civita connection nabla of some metric on M. We provide an algorithm, which effectively checks if a Levi-Civita connection is in the projective class and, in the positive, which finds this connection and the metric. The article also provides a basic information on invariants of projective structures, including the treatment via Cartan's normal projective connection. In particular we show that there is a number of Fefferman-like conformal structures, defined on a subbundle of the Cartan bundle of the projective structure, which encode the projectively invariant information about (M,[nabla]).
Two Approaches to Dislocation Nucleation in the Supported Heteroepitaxial Equilibrium Islanding Phenomenon
Creators: name: Jalkanen, J.
name: Trushin, O.
name: Elder, K.
name: Granato, E.
name: Ying, S. C.
name: Ala-Nissila, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dislocation formation in 2D nanoscopic islands with two methods, the Molecular Static method and the Phase Field Crystal method. It is found that both methods indicate the same qualitative stages of the nucleation process. The dislocations nucleate at the film-substrate contact point and the energy decreases monotonously when the dislocations are farther away from the island-wetting film contact points than the distance of the highest energy barrier.
description: 4 pages
Feynman Propagator for a Free Scalar Field on a Causal Set
Creators: name: Johnston, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Feynman propagator for a free bosonic scalar field on the discrete spacetime of a causal set is presented. The formalism includes scalar field operators and a vacuum state which define a scalar quantum field theory on a causal set. This work can be viewed as a novel regularisation of quantum field theory based on a Lorentz invariant discretisation of spacetime.
description: 4 pages, 2 plots. Minor updates to match published version
Additional file 3 of Association between PPARγ, PPARGC1A, and PPARGC1B genetic variants and susceptibility of gastric cancer in an Eastern Chinese population
Creators: name: Chen, Boyang
name: Wang, Yafeng
name: Tang, Weifeng
name: Chen, Yu
name: Liu, Chao
name: Kang, Mingqiang
name: Xie, Jinbiao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3. Supplementary Table S3.
Targeting TSLP : novel therapeutics for the treatment of atopic dermatitis
Creators: name: Mappalakayil, Leah
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2025

description: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disease worldwide and is characterized by intense itching and inflamed skin. Although the pathophysiology of AD is not entirely understood, key components of the relevant pathways have been identified as promising therapeutic targets. Specifically, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine that acts as a master regulator of these T helper type 2 cell mediated inflammatory diseases. TSLP is involved in many different pathways that end with the activation of immune cells and the release of inflammatory mediators called cytokines. Current first-line treatments for AD, corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, are generally effective for mild-moderate cases. Issues arise in using these treatments for chronic moderate-severe cases, like adverse effects from prolonged application as well as the necessity of systemic immunosuppressants, which are not recommended for long-term use. Therefore, there has been a recent push for novel therapeutics. Inhibition of the TSLP signalling pathway has shown therapeutic potential, establishing it as a target for the treatment of atopic diseases. Injectable monoclonal antibodies that target components of the TSLP signalling pathway have been evaluated in clinical trials, some of which have reached FDA approval while others have missed primary endpoints in phase II clinical trials. However, topical administration is favourable because of the potential for reduced systemic effects and higher treatment acceptance, highlighting the need for a topically applied treatment that targets the pathophysiology of AD. Peptide-based drugs are a growing class of therapeutics that use short amino acid chains to modulate the activity of their biological targets. One potential advantage of peptide-based therapeutics is their application as potential inhibitors of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). By designing peptides to be similar to their endogenous interacting sequence, they can serve as a starting point for the development of potent inhibitors of PPIs. Within this project, I aim to explore the druggability of the TSLP-TSLPR-Il7R𝝰 complex by designing peptides based on relevant interaction sites and assessing these peptides alongside small molecule inhibitors for their anti-inflammatory effects. The resulting lead compounds may serve as starting points for the development of novel topical therapeutics for the treatment of AD.
Tunneling control and localization for Bose-Einstein condensates in a frequency modulated optical lattice
Creators: name: Zenesini, A.
name: Lignier, H.
name: Sias, C.
name: Morsch, O.
name: Ciampini, D.
name: Arimondo, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The similarity between matter waves in periodic potential and solid-state physics processes has triggered the interest in quantum simulation using Bose-Fermi ultracold gases in optical lattices. The present work evidences the similarity between electrons moving under the application of oscillating electromagnetic fields and matter waves experiencing an optical lattice modulated by a frequency difference, equivalent to a spatially shaken periodic potential. We demonstrate that the tunneling properties of a Bose-Einstein condensate in shaken periodic potentials can be precisely controlled. We take additional crucial steps towards future applications of this method by proving that the strong shaking of the optical lattice preserves the coherence of the matter wavefunction and that the shaking parameters can be changed adiabatically, even in the presence of interactions. We induce reversibly the quantum phase transition to the Mott insulator in a driven periodic potential.
description: Laser Physics (in press)