cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Microarcsecond structure of an AGN Jet via Interstellar Scintillation
Creators: name: Bignall, Hayley
name: Macquart, Jean-Pierre
name: Godfrey, Leith
name: Hodgson, Jeffrey
name: Jauncey, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used the broadband backend available at the ATCA to study the fast interstellar scintillation of quasar PKS 1257-326, resolving the core shift as a function of frequency on scales less than 10 microarcseconds. In this short paper we discuss the jet direction implied from the microarcsecond-scale core shift in PKS 1257-326.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Proceedings of IAU Symposium 313: Extragalactic Jets from every angle
Spherical nematics with a threefold valence
Creators: name: Koning, Vinzenz
name: Lopez-Leon, Teresa
name: Darmon, Alexandre
name: Fernandez-Nieves, Alberto
name: Vitelli, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study of the energetics of thin nematic shells with two charge one-half defects and one charge-one defect. We determine the optimal arrangement: the defects are located on a great circle at the vertices of an isosceles triangle with angles of 66 degrees at the charge one-half defects and a distinct angle of 48 degrees, consistent with experimental findings. We also analyse thermal fluctuations around this ground state and estimate the energy as a function of thickness. We find that the energy of the three-defect shell is close to the energy of other known configurations having two charge-one and four charge one-half defects. This finding, together with the large energy barriers separating one configuration from the others, explains their observation in experiments as well as their long-time stability.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Detectability of Planck-Scale-Induced Blurring with Gamma-Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Steinbring, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microscopic fluctuations inherent to the fuzziness of spacetime at the Planck scale might accumulate in wavefronts propagating a cosmological distance and lead to noticeable blurring in an image of a pointlike source. Distant quasars viewed in the optical and ultraviolet with Hubble Space Telescope (HST} may show this weakly, and if real suggests a stronger effect should be seen for Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) in X-rays and gamma-rays. Those telescopes, however, operate far from their diffraction limits. A description of how Planck-scale-induced blurring could be sensed at high energy, even with cosmic rays, while still agreeing with the HST results is discussed. It predicts dilated apparent source size and inflated uncertainties in positional centroids, effectively a threshold angular accuracy restricting knowledge of source location on the sky. These outcomes are found to be consistent with an analysis of the 10 highest-redshift GRB detections reported for the Fermi satellite. Confusion with photon cascade and scattering phenomena is also possible; prospects for a definitive multiwavelength measurement are considered.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; accepted for ApJ
Statistical analysis of tipping pathways in agent-based models
Creators: name: Helfmann, Luzie
name: Heitzig, Jobst
name: Koltai, Peter
name: Kurths, Jürgen
name: Schütte, Christof
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: agent-based models
subject: statistical analysis
subject: tipping pathways
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Agent-based models are a natural choice for modeling complex social systems. In such models simple stochastic interaction rules for a large population of individuals on the microscopic scale can lead to emergent dynamics on the macroscopic scale, for instance a sudden shift of majority opinion or behavior. Here we are introducing a methodology for studying noise-induced tipping between relevant subsets of the agent state space representing characteristic configurations. Due to a large number of interacting individuals, agent-based models are high-dimensional, though usually a lower-dimensional structure of the emerging collective behaviour exists. We therefore apply Diffusion Maps, a non-linear dimension reduction technique, to reveal the intrinsic low-dimensional structure. We characterize the tipping behaviour by means of Transition Path Theory, which helps gaining a statistical understanding of the tipping paths such as their distribution, flux and rate. By systematically studying two agent-based models that exhibit a multitude of tipping pathways and cascading effects, we illustrate the practicability of our approach.
Enhanced symmetry-breaking tendencies in the S = 1 pyrochlore antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Hagymási, Imre
name: Noculak, Vincent
name: Reuther, Johannes
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Frustrated magnetism
subject: Density matrix renormalization group
subject: Functional renormalization group
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: We investigate the ground-state properties of the nearest-neighbor S=1 pyrochlore Heisenberg antiferromagnet using two complementary numerical methods, the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) and pseudofermion functional renormalization group (PFFRG). Within DMRG, we are able to reliably study clusters with up to 48 spins by keeping 20 000 SU(2) states. The investigated 32-site and 48-site clusters both show indications of a robust C3 rotation symmetry breaking of the ground-state spin correlations and the 48-site cluster additionally features inversion symmetry breaking. Our PFFRG analysis of various symmetry-breaking perturbations corroborates the findings of either C3 or a combined C3/inversion symmetry breaking. Moreover, in both methods the symmetry-breaking tendencies appear to be more pronounced than in the S=1/2 system.
Additions to Cropland, 1975-77 -- A Report on a Landownership Follow-On Survey
Creators: name: Daugherty, Arthur B.
name: Daugherty, Arthur B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Cropland
subject: land utilization
subject: landowners
subject: acreage
subject: land improvement
subject: decisionmaking

description: An estimated 9.1 million acres of land were converted to crop production by more than 220,000 landowners during the 1975-77 period. More than 60 percent of the new cropland was previously in pasture, grass, or rangeland. More than half the land had not been previously used for crop production. One third of the land was cleared of brush or trees prior to use as cropland. More than 85 percent of the owners indicated that about 85 percent of the land would continue in crop production in the future.
Topological surface states in nodal superconductors
Creators: name: Schnyder, Andreas P.
name: Brydon, P. M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological superconductors have become a subject of intense research due to their potential use for technical applications in device fabrication and quantum information. Besides fully gapped superconductors, unconventional superconductors with point or line nodes in their order parameter can also exhibit nontrivial topological characteristics. This article reviews recent progress in the theoretical understanding of nodal topological superconductors, with a focus on Weyl and noncentrosymmetric superconductors and their protected surface states. Using selected examples, we review the bulk topological properties of these systems, study different types of topological surface states, and examine their unusual properties. Furthermore, we survey some candidate materials for topological superconductivity and discuss different experimental signatures of topological surface states.
description: Topical review, 34 pages, 10 figures, 1 table. Please help us to improve this review article by sending us your comments, suggestions, and missing references
Dimerization tendencies of the pyrochlore Heisenberg antiferromagnet: A functional renormalization group perspective
Creators: name: Hering, Max
name: Noculak, Vincent
name: Ferrari, Francesco
name: Iqbal, Yasir
name: Reuther, Johannes
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Frustrated magnetism
subject: Pyrochlores
subject: Quantum spin models
subject: Functional renormalization group
subject: Monte Carlo methods
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: We investigate the ground-state properties of the spin-1/2 pyrochlore Heisenberg antiferromagnet using pseudofermion functional renormalization group techniques. The first part of our analysis is based on an enhanced parton mean-field approach, which takes into account fluctuation effects from renormalized vertex functions. Our implementation of this technique extends earlier approaches and resolves technical difficulties associated with a diagrammatic overcounting. Using various parton ansätze for quantum spin liquids, dimerized and nematic states our results indicate a tendency for lattice symmetry breaking in the ground state. While overall quantum spin liquids seem unfavorable in this system, the recently proposed monopole state still shows the strongest support among all spin liquid ansätze that we have tested, which is further confirmed by our complementary variational Monte Carlo calculations. In the second part of our investigation, we probe lattice symmetry breaking more directly by applying the pseudofermion functional renormalization group to perturbed systems. Our results from this technique confirm that the system's ground state either exhibits broken C3 rotation symmetry, or a combination of inversion and C3 symmetry breaking.
Study of Young Stellar Clusters and their dynamical evolution
Creators: name: Sánchez-Sanjuan, Sergio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Star formation
Young star cluster
Dynamical simulations

description: Star formation is a current relevant and active field that involves a wide range of physical processes on both spatial and time scales. Star formation not only governs the structure and evolution of galaxies, but also it is responsible in the origin of planetary systems. The study of young stellar clusters, using accurate data from huge sky surveys such as GAIA and SLOAN/APOGEE, gives us strong evidence to identify possible sub-clusters and characterise the kinematic and photospheric properties of each target. After cluster parametrization, all the information acquired can be used to evaluate the dynamical evolution employing computational tools in which we can estimate particular features of the system according to their present conditions. Here, we briefly present a planned research PhD project in which it is expected to have a better understanding on the formation and early evolution of stellar groups from observations and simulations.
description: {"references": ["Brown, A. G. A., de Geus, E. J., & de Zeeuw, P. T. 1994, A&P, 289, 101.", "Clarke, Catherine Jane, et al. Dynamics of young star clusters and associations. Berlin: Springer, 2015.", "Wright, N. J., Goodwin, S., Jeffries, R. D., et al. 2022, arXiv:2203.10007", "Wu, Z.-Y., Zhou, X., Ma, J., et al. 2009, MNRAS, 399, 2146.", "Babusiaux, C., Fabricius, C., Khanna, S., et al. 2022, arXiv:2206.05989", "J\u00f6nsson, H., Allende Prieto, C., Holtzman, J. A., et al. 2018, AJ, 156, 126.", "Portegies Zwart, S. & McMillan, S. L. W., \"Astrophysical Recipies\", IOP Astronomy, (2018).", "Cournoyer-Cloutier, C., Tran, A., Lewis, S., et al. 2021, MNRAS, 501, 4464."]}
n-type conversion of SnS by isovalent ion substitution: Geometrical doping as a new doping route
Creators: name: Ran, Fan-Yong
name: Xiao, Zewen
name: Toda, Yoshitake
name: Hiramatsu, Hidenori
name: Hosono, Hideo
name: Kamiya, Toshio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tin monosulfide (SnS) is a naturally p-type semiconductor with a layered crystal structure, but no reliable n-type SnS has been obtained by conventional aliovalent ion substitution. In this work, carrier polarity conversion to n-type was achieved by isovalent ion substitution for polycrystalline SnS thin films on glass substrates. Substituting Pb2+ for Sn2+ converted the majority carrier from hole to electron, and the free electron density ranged from 1012 to 1015 cm-3 with the largest electron mobility of 7.0 cm2/(Vs). The n-type conduction was confirmed further by the position of the Fermi level (EF) based on photoemission spectroscopy and electrical characteristics of pn heterojunctions. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the Pb substitution invokes a geometrical size effect that enlarges the interlayer distance and subsequently reduces the formation energies of Sn and Pb interstitials, which work as electron donors.
Hessian-aware Quantized Node Embeddings for Recommendation
Creators: name: Chen, Huiyuan
name: Zhou, Kaixiong
name: Lai, Kwei-Herng
name: Yeh, Chin-Chia Michael
name: Zheng, Yan
name: Hu, Xia
name: Yang, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in recommender systems. Nevertheless, the process of searching and ranking from a large item corpus usually requires high latency, which limits the widespread deployment of GNNs in industry-scale applications. To address this issue, many methods compress user/item representations into the binary embedding space to reduce space requirements and accelerate inference. Also, they use the Straight-through Estimator (STE) to prevent vanishing gradients during back-propagation. However, the STE often causes the gradient mismatch problem, leading to sub-optimal results. In this work, we present the Hessian-aware Quantized GNN (HQ-GNN) as an effective solution for discrete representations of users/items that enable fast retrieval. HQ-GNN is composed of two components: a GNN encoder for learning continuous node embeddings and a quantized module for compressing full-precision embeddings into low-bit ones. Consequently, HQ-GNN benefits from both lower memory requirements and faster inference speeds compared to vanilla GNNs. To address the gradient mismatch problem in STE, we further consider the quantized errors and its second-order derivatives for better stability. The experimental results on several large-scale datasets show that HQ-GNN achieves a good balance between latency and performance.
Crosstalk between DGP branes
Creators: name: Dick, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83E15, 81T30

description: If two DGP branes carry U(1) gauge theories and overlap, particles of one brane can interact with the photons from the other brane. This coupling modifies in particular the Coulomb potentials between charges from the same brane in the overlapping regions. The coupling also introduces Coulomb interactions between charges from the different branes which can generate exotic bound states. The effective modification of the fine structure constant in the overlap region generates a trough in signals at the redshift of the overlap region and an increase at smaller or larger redshift, depending on the value of the crosstalk parameter. This implies potentially observable perturbations in the Lyman-alpha forest if our 3-brane overlapped with another 3-brane in a region with redshift z<6. Crosstalk can also affect structure formation by enhancing or suppressing radiative cooling.
QARAQALPAQSTANNIŃ EKONOMIKALIQ  RAWAJLANIWI (1946-1980)
Creators: name: Saypnazarova, Gúlnaz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Bul maqalada Qaraqalpaqstannıń ekonomikası rawajlanıwı ushın qanday reformalar ámelge asırılǵanlıǵı hám bul reformalardıń qanday nátiyjeler bergenligi kórsetip ótiledi.
Quality heterostructures from two dimensional crystals unstable in air by their assembly in inert atmosphere
Creators: name: Cao, Y.
name: Mishchenko, A.
name: Yu, G. L.
name: Khestanova, K.
name: Rooney, A.
name: Prestat, E.
name: Kretinin, A. V.
name: Blake, P.
name: Shalom, M. B.
name: Balakrishnan, G.
name: Grigorieva, I. V.
name: Novoselov, K. S.
name: Piot, B. A.
name: Potemski, M.
name: Watanabe, K.
name: Taniguchi, T.
name: Haigh, S. J.
name: Geim, A. K.
name: Gorbachev, R. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many layered materials can be cleaved down to individual atomic planes, similar to graphene, but only a small minority of them are stable under ambient conditions. The rest reacts and decomposes in air, which has severely hindered their investigation and possible uses. Here we introduce a remedial approach based on cleavage, transfer, alignment and encapsulation of air-sensitive crystals, all inside a controlled inert atmosphere. To illustrate the technology, we choose two archetypal two-dimensional crystals unstable in air: black phosphorus and niobium diselenide. Our field-effect devices made from their monolayers are conductive and fully stable under ambient conditions, in contrast to the counterparts processed in air. NbSe2 remains superconducting down to the monolayer thickness. Starting with a trilayer, phosphorene devices reach sufficiently high mobilities to exhibit Landau quantization. The approach offers a venue to significantly expand the range of experimentally accessible two-dimensional crystals and their heterostructures.
description: 4 figures
Nanoscale wear and kinetic friction between atomically smooth surfaces sliding at high speeds
Creators: name: Rajauria, Sukumar
name: Canchi, Sripathi V.
name: Schreck, Erhard
name: Marchon, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The kinetic friction and wear at high sliding speeds is investigated using the head-disk interface of hard disk drives, wherein, the head and the disk are less than 10 nm apart and move at sliding speeds of 5-10 m/s relative to each other. While the spacing between the sliding surfaces is of the same order of magnitude as various AFM based fundamental studies on friction, the sliding speed is nearly six orders of magnitude larger, allowing a unique set-up for a systematic study of nanoscale wear at high sliding speeds. In a hard disk drive, the physical contact between the head and the disk leads to friction, wear and degradation of the head overcoat material (typically diamond like carbon). In this work, strain gauge based friction measurements are performed; the friction coefficient as well as the adhering shear strength at the head-disk interface are extracted; and an experimental set-up for studying friction between high speed sliding surfaces is exemplified.
Traces on Semigroup Rings and Leavitt Path Algebras
Creators: name: Mesyan, Zachary
name: Vas, Lia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16S36, 16W10 (primary), 16S50, 20M25 (secondary)

description: The trace on matrix rings, along with the augmentation map and Kaplansky trace on group rings, are some of the many examples of linear functions on algebras that vanish on all commutators. We generalize and unify these examples by studying traces on (contracted) semigroup rings over commutative rings. We show that every such ring admits a minimal trace (i.e., one that vanishes only on sums of commutators), classify all minimal traces on these rings, and give applications to various classes of semigroup rings and quotients thereof. We then study traces on Leavitt path algebras (which are quotients of contracted semigroup rings), where we describe all linear traces in terms of central maps on graph inverse semigroups and, under mild assumptions, those Leavitt path algebras that admit faithful traces.
description: 21 pages
Neurosymbolic Reinforcement Learning and Planning: A Survey
Creators: name: Acharya, K.
name: Raza, W.
name: Dourado, C. M. J. M.
name: Velasquez, A.
name: Song, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The area of Neurosymbolic Artificial Intelligence (Neurosymbolic AI) is rapidly developing and has become a popular research topic, encompassing sub-fields such as Neurosymbolic Deep Learning (Neurosymbolic DL) and Neurosymbolic Reinforcement Learning (Neurosymbolic RL). Compared to traditional learning methods, Neurosymbolic AI offers significant advantages by simplifying complexity and providing transparency and explainability. Reinforcement Learning(RL), a long-standing Artificial Intelligence(AI) concept that mimics human behavior using rewards and punishment, is a fundamental component of Neurosymbolic RL, a recent integration of the two fields that has yielded promising results. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the emerging field of Neurosymbolic RL by conducting a literature survey. Our evaluation focuses on the three components that constitute Neurosymbolic RL: neural, symbolic, and RL. We categorize works based on the role played by the neural and symbolic parts in RL, into three taxonomies:Learning for Reasoning, Reasoning for Learning and Learning-Reasoning. These categories are further divided into sub-categories based on their applications. Furthermore, we analyze the RL components of each research work, including the state space, action space, policy module, and RL algorithm. Additionally, we identify research opportunities and challenges in various applications within this dynamic field.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence
Understanding the mechanisms of G protein-coupled receptor mediated nutrient sensing in enteroendocrine cells
Creators: name: Shackley, Matilda Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Nutrient sensing is the process by which cells detect and respond to dynamic metabolite fluctuations. In gastrointestinal enteroendocrine cells (EECs), this process facilitates the post-prandial secretion of anorectic gut hormones. As these elicit diverse impacts on physiology, appetite and metabolism, they present potential targets for anti-obesity therapeutics. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced as by-products of the fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates by the gut microbiota, predominantly in the colon. SCFAs induce EECs to release anorectic hormones GLP-1 and PYY by acting as ligands at G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) FFAR2 and FFAR3. Thus far, it has been confirmed that FFAR2 and FFAR3 couple to Gαi/o but FFAR2 alone activates Gαq/11 calcium mobilisation. However, FFAR2 is seemingly only able to induce calcium signals in EECs when activated by synthetic FFAR2 ligands, not SCFAs. It is plausible that crosstalk between FFAR2 and FFAR3 could be preventing FFAR2 coupling to Gαq in response to SCFAs. This has been assessed by combining genome editing and functional signalling assays. Conversely, the results demonstrate that co-expression of FFAR2 and FFAR3 in heterologous systems enhances propionate-mediated calcium mobilisation. Futhermore, functional knockout of FFAR3 has no impact on propionate signalling in EECs. Interestingly, crosstalk with FFAR4 may represent a mechanism for the lack of SCFA-induced Gαq signalling in EECs. The impact of SCFAs on the expression of other GPCR signalling machinery remains poorly characterised. This project has, to date, demonstrated propionate and butyrate robustly upregulate transcripts encoding the umami taste receptor, via a Gαi/o independent mechanism. We show that overnight exposure of EECs to butyrate enhances the calcium mobilisation in response to L-Alanine when IMP is present. Therefore, I propose an alternative, indirect mechanism by which SCFAs enhance gut hormone release; namely, by inducing a hypersensitivity of EECs to L-amino acids by promoting expression of taste signalling components.
Energy transport between heat baths with oscillating temperatures
Creators: name: Chen, Renai
name: Gibson, Tammie
name: Craven, Galen T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energy transport is a fundamental physical process that plays a prominent role in the function and performance of myriad systems and technologies. Recent experimental measurements have shown that subjecting a macroscale system to a time-periodic temperature gradient can increase thermal conductivity in comparison to a static temperature gradient. Here, we theoretically examine this mechanism in a nanoscale model by applying a stochastic Langevin framework to describe the energy transport properties of a particle connecting two heat baths with different temperatures, where the temperature difference between baths is oscillating in time. Analytical expressions for the energy flux of each heat bath and for the system itself are derived for the case of a free particle and a particle in a harmonic potential. We find that dynamical effects in the energy flux induced by temperature oscillations give rise to complex energy transport hysteresis effects. The presented results suggest that applying time-periodic temperature modulations is a potential route to control energy storage and release in molecular devices and nanosystems.
The Perceptions and Experiences of Older People Living in the Aftermath of Lombok Earthquakes, Indonesia: A Qualitative Study
Creators: name: Aurizki, Gading Ekapuja
name: Efendi, Ferry
name: Indarwati, R
name: Andriani, F
name: Sari, D
name: Watanabe, Maiko Noguchi-
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
classificationCode: 4203
subject: Health services and systems
classificationCode: 3901
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy
classificationCode: 4205
subject: Nursing

description: Introduction: Despite the growing knowledge of people's vulnerability following natural disasters, the perspective of older people has received limited attention. This study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of older people encountering the 2018 Lombok earthquakes. Methods: This exploratory qualitative study involved 16 older people living in one of the villages most affected by the 2018 earthquakes in Lombok Island, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia. The data were collected in June 2019 using semi-structured interviews. Participants' responses were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis managed in NVivo. Results: From older people's perspectives, three themes were generated: surviving the disaster, dealing with life changes and navigating through challenges and hope. Each theme comprised two categories, which reflected the journey of older people from the early to the later phase of the disaster. Conclusions: Older people experienced critical conditions and difficulties both physically and mentally. They also experienced various emotional responses before accepting living situations following a disaster. Nurses should play a role in fulfilling the physical and mental health needs of older people in post-disaster conditions. Implications for Practice: This study can inform nurses and other key stakeholders about the needs of older people during and after natural disasters. Nurses need to be equipped with the skills and abilities to identify and meet the needs of older people in difficult situations and with limited resources.
Electromagnetic probes in heavy-ion collisions: Messengers from the hot and dense phase
Creators: name: van Hees, H.
name: Weil, J.
name: Endres, S.
name: Bleicher, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to their penetrating nature, electromagnetic probes, i.e., lepton-antilepton pairs (dileptons) and photons are unique tools to gain insight into the nature of the hot and dense medium of strongly-interacting particles created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, including hints to the nature of the restoration of chiral symmetry of QCD. Of particular interest are the spectral properties of the electromagnetic current-correlation function of these particles within the dense and/or hot medium. The related theoretical investigations of the in-medium properties of the involved particles in both the partonic and hadronic part of the QCD phase diagram underline the importance of a proper understanding of the properties of various hadron resonances in the medium.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures; Contribution to the proceedings of the Resonance Workshop at Catania 2014
Organizations Interested in Open OnDemand
Creators: name: OH-TECH Consortium
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 80110 Simulation and Modelling
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This is a list of organizations that have expressed interest in, are deploying, or have deployed Open OnDemand.
Latent Profiles of Parental Academic Conditional Positive and Negative Regard
Creators: name: Steffgen, Sarah Teresa
name: Soenens, Bart
name: Otterpohl, Nantje
name: Stiensmeier-Pelster, Joachim
name: Schwinger, Malte
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objective. Parental academic conditional regard is a socialization strategy in which parents’ displays of appreciation increase (conditional positive regard; PACPR) or decrease (conditional negative regard; PACNR) depending on the children’s academic achievement. Little is known about how adolescents perceive combinations of conditional positive and negative regard and how within-person combinations of them relate to developmental outcomes. Design. This study uses a person-oriented approach to examine within-person combinations of PACPR and PACNR and their different associations with individuals’ motivation and adjustment. Three different samples reported on perceived PACPR and PACNR: adolescent students (N = 3,891), university freshmen (N = 556), and parents (N = 760). We conducted confirmatory latent profile analyses and investigated associations between profiles and outcome measures (basic need satisfaction, self-esteem level and contingency, ability self-concept, achievement goal orientation, test anxiety, and depressive symptoms). Results. The results supported a 3-class solution in all samples: low (44.4%–61.4%) or high (14.5%–24.5%) on both, and only high on PACPR (14.1%–31.3%). Groups reporting overall high levels of conditional regard scored the least favorably on all outcomes. Individuals with only high scores on PACPR differed from those with overall low scores on conditional regard primarily in terms of higher contingent self-esteem. Conclusions. The two dimensions of conditional regard are distinct. Although combination of the two dimensions is associated with individuals’ general poor adjustment, the presence of PACPR alone is related to a fragile sense of self-esteem. Implications for future research are discussed.
Shaping the future of spiritual care in Australian public hospitals: Learning from the story of Spiritual Health Victoria
Creators: name: Holmes, Cheryl
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 429999
subject: Other health sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 440902
subject: Counselling, wellbeing and community services
classificationCode: 520303
subject: Counselling psychology

description: Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.
A Hubble Space Telescope Search for a Sub-Earth-Sized Exoplanet in the GJ 436 System
Creators: name: Stevenson, Kevin B.
name: Bean, Jacob L.
name: Fabrycky, Daniel
name: Kreidberg, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of small planets orbiting nearby stars is an important step towards the identification of Earth twins. In previous work using the Spitzer Space Telescope, we found evidence to support at least one sub-Earth-sized exoplanet orbiting the nearby mid-M dwarf star GJ 436. As a follow up, here we used the Hubble Space Telescope to investigate the existence of one of these candidate planets, UCF-1.01, by searching for two transit signals as it passed in front of its host star. Interpretation of the data hinges critically on correctly modeling and removing the WFC3 instrument systematics from the light curves. Building on previous HST work, we demonstrate that WFC3 analyses need to explore the use of a quadratic function to fit a visit-long time-dependent systematic. This is important for establishing absolute transit and eclipse depths in the white light curves of all transiting systems. The work presented here exemplifies this point by putatively detecting the primary transit of UCF-1.01 with the use of a linear trend. However, using a quadratic trend, we achieve a better fit to the white light curves and a reduced transit depth that is inconsistent with previous Spitzer measurements. Furthermore, quadratic trends with or without a transit model component produce comparable fits to the available data. Using extant WFC3 transit light curves for GJ436b, we further validate the quadratic model component by achieving photon-limited model fit residuals and consistent transit depths over multiple epochs. We conclude that, when we fit for a quadratic trend, our new data contradict the prediction of a sub-Earth-sized planet orbiting GJ 436 with the size, period, and ephemeris posited from the Spitzer data by a margin of 3.1σ.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Wearable fusion system for assessment of motor function in lesion-symptom mapping studies
Creators: name: Formstone, Lewis
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Lesion-symptom mapping studies are a critical component of addressing the relationship between brain and behaviour. Recent developments have yielded significant improvements in the imaging and detection of lesion profiles, but the quantification of motor outcomes is still largely performed by subjective and low-resolution standard clinical rating scales. This mismatch means than lesion-symptom mapping studies are limited in scope by scores which lack the necessary accuracy to fully quantify the subcomponents of motor function. The first study conducted aimed to develop a new automated system of motor function which addressed the limitations inherent in the clinical rating scales. A wearable fusion system was designed that included the attachment of inertial sensors to record the kinematics of upper extremity. This was combined with the novel application of mechanomyographic sensors in this field, to enable the quantification of hand/wrist function. Novel outputs were developed for this system which aimed to combine the validity of the clinical rating scales with the high accuracy of measurements possible with a wearable sensor system. This was achieved by the development of a sophisticated classification model which was trained on series of kinematic and myographic measures to classify the clinical rating scale. These classified scores were combined with a series of fine-grained clinical features derived from higher-order sensor metrics. The developed automated system graded the upper-extremity tasks of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment with a mean accuracy of 75\% for gross motor tasks and 66\% for the wrist/hand tasks. This accuracy increased to 85\% and 74\% when distinguishing between healthy and impaired function for each of these tasks. Several clinical features were computed to describe the subcomponents of upper extremity motor function. This fine-grained clinical feature set offers a novel means to complement the low resolution but well-validated standardised clinical rating scales. A second study was performed to utilise the fine-grained clinical feature set calculated in the previous study in a large-scale region-of-interest lesion-symptom mapping study. Statistically significant regions of motor dysfunction were found in the corticospinal tract and the internal capsule, which are consistent with other motor-based lesion-symptom mapping studies. In addition, the cortico-ponto-cerebellar tract was found to be statistically significant when testing with a clinical feature of hand/wrist motor function. This is a novel finding, potentially due to prior studies being limited to quantifying this subcomponent of motor function using standard clinical rating scales. These results indicate the validity and potential of the clinical feature set to provide a more detailed picture of motor dysfunction in lesion-symptom mapping studies.
Bayesian methods for source attribution using HIV deep sequence data
Creators: name: Xi, Xiaoyue
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: The advent of pathogen deep-sequencing technology provides new opportunities for infec- tious disease surveillance, especially for fast-evolving viruses like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In particular, multiple reads per host contain detailed information on viral within- host diversity. This information allows the reconstruction of partial directed transmission networks, where estimates of who is source and who is recipient are directly available from the phylogenetic ordering of the viruses of any two individuals. This is a new approach for phylodynamics, and the topic of my thesis. In this thesis, I present updates to the bioinformatics pipeline used by the Phylogenetics And Networks for Generalised Epidemics in Africa consortium for processing HIV deep sequence data and running the phyloscanner program. I then present a semi-parametric Bayesian Poisson model for inferring infectious disease transmission flows and the sources of infection at the population level. The framework is computationally scalable in high- dimensional flow spaces thanks to Hilbert Space Gaussian process approximations, allows for sampling bias adjustments, and estimation of gender- and age-specific transmission flows at a finer resolution than previously possible. In this sense, the methods that I developed enable us to overcome some problems which have been unable to be solved by conventional phylodynamic approaches. We apply the approach to densely sampled, population-based HIV deep-sequence data from Rakai, Uganda. I focus on characterising age-specific transmission dynamics, and examining the sources of HIV infections in adolescent and young women in particular.
Digital Twins and Blockchain for IoT Management
Creators: name: Samaniego, Mayra
name: Deters, Ralph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.3.4

description: Security and privacy are primary concerns in IoT management. Security breaches in IoT resources, such as smart sensors, can leak sensitive data and compromise the privacy of individuals. Effective IoT management requires a comprehensive approach to prioritize access security and data privacy protection. Digital twins create virtual representations of IoT resources. Blockchain adds decentralization, transparency, and reliability to IoT systems. This research integrates digital twins and blockchain to manage access to IoT data streaming. Digital twins are used to encapsulate data access and view configurations. Access is enabled on digital twins, not on IoT resources directly. Trust structures programmed as smart contracts are the ones that manage access to digital twins. Consequently, IoT resources are not exposed to third parties, and access security breaches can be prevented. Blockchain has been used to validate digital twins and store their configuration. The research presented in this paper enables multitenant access and customization of data streaming views and abstracts the complexity of data access management. This approach provides access and configuration security and data privacy protection.
description: Reference: Mayra, Samaniego and Ralph, Deters. 2023. Digital Twins and Blockchain for IoT Management. In The 5th ACM International Symposium on Blockchain and Secure Critical Infrastructure (BSCI '23), July 10-14, 2023, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 11 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3594556.3594611
Effort and Reward: Unlocking Personal Growth Through Challenge
Creators: name: Oliveira D., M. Jorge
Publisher: name: EmpowerVerse Media, Information & Communication Agency
Year: 2024
Subjects: effort
rewards
fulfilment

description: In an age driven by instant gratification, the concept of effort can seem antiquated or undervalued. Yet, science and philosophy show that embracing challenges and cultivating resilience leads to deep personal satisfaction and fulfilment. This article explores the psychological, sociological, and philosophical foundations of the relationship between effort and reward, highlighting how taking responsibility for challenges helps shape not just individual growth, but society as a whole. We’ll discuss how resilience, perseverance, and the willingness to put in effort translate into meaningful lives and better social cohesion.
Dynamics versus structure: breaking the density degeneracy in star formation
Creators: name: Parker, Richard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The initial density of individual star-forming regions (and by extension the birth environment of planetary systems) is difficult to constrain due to the "density degeneracy problem": an initially dense region expands faster than a more quiescent region due to two-body relaxation and so two regions with the same observed present-day density may have had very different initial densities. We constrain the initial densities of seven nearby star-forming regions by folding in information on their spatial structure from the $\mathcal{Q}$-parameter and comparing the structure and present-day density to the results of $N$-body simulations. This in turn places strong constraints on the possible effects of dynamical interactions and radiation fields from massive stars on multiple systems and protoplanetary discs. We apply our method to constrain the initial binary population in each of these seven regions and show that the populations in only three - the Orion Nebula Cluster, $ρ$ Oph and Corona Australis - are consistent with having evolved from the Kroupa universal initial period distribution and a binary fraction of unity.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Peridynamics modelling of weibull distributions for nuclear fuel fracture
Creators: name: Jones, Lloyd
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Peridynamics is a non-local continuum mechanics modelling method, with fundamental equations built upon integrals as opposed to partial differentials, which gives benefits when modelling brittle fracture relative to other continuum mechanics modelling techniques. Notably absent from peridynamics literature is an investigation of the effect of fracture strength distributions (an important element of brittle fracture) in peridynamics. This thesis outlines a method for appropriately including fracture strength distributions in peridynamics, and presents a model of a UO2 fuel pellet fracturing in service using this method. It was shown that using a Weibull distribution in peridynamics without adjusting the distribution of strengths to account for the difference in size between bonds and the part to be modelled produces inaccurate results. Using Weibull scaling to account for this did not alone solve this problem, as there was still a disconnect between the stress at which the first bond fails (stage 1 failure) and the stress at which the overall part modelled fails (stage 2 failure). Bond strengths were localised by linking bond strength to the material points they are connected to. Combining this localisation with using the most extreme strengths, the shape of the Weibull curve was accurately recreated in 1D peridynamics. The method was applied in two dimensions, and it was shown that the method which had worked in one dimension is no longer adequate. It was found that edge length is the most appropriate size-scaling criteria, as opposed to total area of the two-dimensional model. The model was able to recreate Weibull distributions of fracture strain in a two dimensional tensile test using a Weibull modulus of 10, but was less accurate with lower Weibull moduli. The effect of Weibull distributions on radial crack numbers in in-service UO2 nuclear fuel pellets was investigated. It was found that using a Weibull distribution of fracture strains in a peridynamics model of fuel pellets allows the model to more accurately predict the number of cracks expected at a given power. The model was compared to low-burnup post irradiation examination data.
Optical control of internal electric fields in band-gap graded InGaN nanowires
Creators: name: Erhard, N.
name: Sarwar, A. T. M. Golam
name: Yang, F.
name: McComb, D. W.
name: Myers, R. C.
name: Holleitner, A. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: InGaN nanowires are suitable building blocks for many future optoelectronic devices. We show that a linear grading of the indium content along the nanowire axis from GaN to InN introduces an internal electric field evoking a photocurrent. Consistent with quantitative band structure simulations we observe a sign change in the measured photocurrent as a function of photon flux. This negative differential photocurrent opens the path to a new type of nanowire-based photodetector. We demonstrate that the photocurrent response of the nanowires is as fast as 1.5 ps.