cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exploring Self-Supervised Representation Ensembles for COVID-19 Cough Classification
Creators: name: Xue, Hao
name: Salim, Flora D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The usage of smartphone-collected respiratory sound, trained with deep learning models, for detecting and classifying COVID-19 becomes popular recently. It removes the need for in-person testing procedures especially for rural regions where related medical supplies, experienced workers, and equipment are limited. However, existing sound-based diagnostic approaches are trained in a fully supervised manner, which requires large scale well-labelled data. It is critical to discover new methods to leverage unlabelled respiratory data, which can be obtained more easily. In this paper, we propose a novel self-supervised learning enabled framework for COVID-19 cough classification. A contrastive pre-training phase is introduced to train a Transformer-based feature encoder with unlabelled data. Specifically, we design a random masking mechanism to learn robust representations of respiratory sounds. The pre-trained feature encoder is then fine-tuned in the downstream phase to perform cough classification. In addition, different ensembles with varied random masking rates are also explored in the downstream phase. Through extensive evaluations, we demonstrate that the proposed contrastive pre-training, the random masking mechanism, and the ensemble architecture contribute to improving cough classification performance.
description: Accepted to ACM KDD 2021
Second Order Perturbative Calculation of Quasinormal Modes of Schwarzschild Black Holes
Creators: name: Kao, Hsien-chung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analytically calculate to second order the correction to the asymptotic form of quasinormal frequencies of four dimensional Schwarzschild black holes based on the monodromy analysis proposed by Motl and Neitzke. Our results are in good agreement with those obtained from numerical calculation.
description: 12 pages, LaTex
Essays on the Impact of Recreational Marijuana Laws (RMLs)
Creators: name: Pham, Thao Phuong
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024

description: Marijuana legalization has been one of the central topics in public policy scholarship over the past decade. This dissertation consists of three essays aimed at advancing the existing literature on marijuana legalization by examining its impact on three important areas: 1) social equity in criminal justice, 2) prescribed opioid consumption, and 3) labor market performance. The first essay focuses on the impact of RMLs on racial disparities in marijuana-related arrest rates. Using arrest data from the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) and the difference-in-differences (DiD) methodology, I found that the effects of Recreational Marijuana Laws (RMLs) on racial disparities in marijuana-related arrests varied across different age and racial groups. Specifically, RMLs were significantly associated with decreases in arrest rates among Black and White adults, as well as Hispanic juveniles. However, the policy correlated with an increase in marijuana sale arrests among White juveniles. For other groups, RMLs had no discernible impact. More importantly, the policy reform had statistically significant effects on reducing relative disparities in marijuana-related arrests among juveniles. RMLs were associated with notable decreases in relative disparities between Black and Hispanic juveniles compared to their White counterparts. Conversely, the policy reform had a negligible impact on relative disparities in adult marijuana-related arrests. The second essay studies the impact of RMLs on prescribed opioid consumption. Employing the de Chaisemartin & D’haultfœuille DiD estimator and State Drug Utilization data from the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS) covering the period from 2009 to 2023, I found that the opening of recreational marijuana dispensaries under RMLs significantly reduced the number of both Schedule II and Schedule III prescriptions. Additionally, increases in retail marijuana sales were significantly correlated with decreases in both Schedule II and Schedule III opioid prescriptions, though the impact was marginal in magnitude. The third essay investigates the effects of RMLs on the duration of unemployment. To address this question, I run fixed effects models using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) for the period of 2009 – 2019 and the Current Population Survey for the period of 2009 – 2023. The results suggest that there is a strong association between unemployment and marijuana consumption. In addition, the adoption of RMLs is associated with lower chances of unemployment among the previously unemployed population. Findings from this dissertation offer crucial insights and policy implications.
Additional file 1 of Development of a novel nannochloropsis strain with enhanced violaxanthin yield for large‐scale production
Creators: name: Su-Bin Park
name: Yun, Jin-Ho
name: Ryu, Ae Jin
name: Joohyun Yun
name: Kim, Ji Won
name: Sujin Lee
name: Saehae Choi
name: Cho, Dae-Hyun
name: Choi, Dong-Yun
name: Lee, Yong Jae
name: Hee-Sik Kim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Results from the analysis of three different samples consist of algal extract or violaxanthin standard. Black line (top) indicates the chromatogram of a spiked sample prepared by mixing pigment extract from Nannochloropsis sp. WS-1 with violaxanthin standard, green and blue lines (middle and bottom) indicate the chromatograms of the pigment extract from Nannochloropsis sp. WS-1 and violaxanthin standard, respectively. Retention times of violaxanthin in each of these sample are 8.968, 8.985, and 8.957; Figure S2. HPLC profile of carotenoids and chlorophylls in each of WS-1 and M1. Numbered peaks indicate: (1) unknown; (2) violaxanthin; (3) astaxanthin; (4) lutein; (5) zeaxanthin; (6) chlorophyll a; and (7) β-carotene; Figure S3. MA plot of comparative transcriptomic analysis. Red and green dots indicate up- and down-regulated DEGs; Figure S4. GO plot of comparative transcriptomic analysis; Table S1. Viability of gamma-ray-treated cells; Table S2. Biomass productivity, violaxanthin content and violaxanthin productivity of WS-1 wild type and 10 mutant strains.
Hybrid Comptonization and Electron-Positron Pair Production in the Black-Hole X-Ray Binary MAXI J1820+070
Creators: name: Zdziarski, Andrzej A.
name: Jourdain, Elisabeth
name: Lubinski, Piotr
name: Szanecki, Michal
name: Niedzwiecki, Andrzej
name: Veledina, Alexandra
name: Poutanen, Juri
name: Dzielak, Marta A.
name: Roques, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study X-ray and soft gamma-ray spectra from the hard state of the accreting black-hole binary MAXI J1820+070. We perform analysis of two joint spectra from NuSTAR and INTEGRAL, covering the range of 3--650 keV, and of an average joint spectrum over the rise of the hard state, covering the 3--2200 keV range. The spectra are well modelled by Comptonization of soft seed photons. However, the distributions of the scattering electrons are not purely thermal; we find they have substantial high-energy tails, well modelled as power laws. The photon tail in the average spectrum is detected well beyond the threshold for electron-positron pair production, 511 keV. This allows us to calculate the rate of the electron-positron pair production and put a lower limit on the size of the source from pair equilibrium. At the fitted Thomson optical depth of the Comptonizing plasma, the limit is about 4 gravitational radii. If we adopt the sizes estimated by us from the reflection spectroscopy of $>$20 gravitational radii, the fractional pair abundance becomes much less than unity. The low pair abundance is confirmed by the lack of both an annihilation feature and of a pair absorption cutoff above 511 keV in the average spectrum.
description: ApJL, in press
Epitaxial graphene
Creators: name: de Heer, Walt A.
name: Berger, Claire
name: Wu, Xiaosong
name: First, Phillip N.
name: Conrad, Edward H.
name: Li, Xuebin
name: Li, Tianbo
name: Sprinkle, Michael
name: Hass, Joanna
name: Sadowski, Marcin L.
name: Potemski, Marek
name: Martinez, Gerard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene multilayers are grown epitaxially on single crystal silicon carbide. This system is composed of several graphene layers of which the first layer is electron doped due to the built-in electric field and the other layers are essentially undoped. Unlike graphite the charge carriers show Dirac particle properties (i.e. an anomalous Berry's phase, weak anti-localization and square root field dependence of the Landau level energies). Epitaxial graphene shows quasi-ballistic transport and long coherence lengths; properties which may persists above cryogenic temperatures. Paradoxically, in contrast to exfoliated graphene, the quantum Hall effect is not observed in high mobility epitaxial graphene. It appears that the effect is suppressed due to absence of localized states in the bulk of the material.Epitaxial graphene can be patterned using standard lithography methods and characterized using a wide array of techniques. These favorable features indicate that interconnected room temperature ballistic devices may be feasible for low dissipation high-speed nanoelectronics.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Solid State Communications.
Deep learning of topological phase transitions from entanglement aspects: An unsupervised way
Creators: name: Tsai, Yuan-Hong
name: Chiu, Kuo-Feng
name: Lai, Yong-Cheng
name: Su, Kuan-Jung
name: Yang, Tzu-Pei
name: Cheng, Tsung-Pao
name: Huang, Guang-Yu
name: Chung, Ming-Chiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Machine learning techniques have been shown to be effective to recognize different phases of matter and produce phase diagrams in the parameter space interested, while they usually require prior labeled data to perform well. Here, we propose a machine learning procedure, mainly in an unsupervised manner, which can first identify topological/non-topological phases and then refine the locations of phase boundaries. By following this proposed procedure, we expand our previous work on the one-dimensional $p$-wave superconductor [Phys. Rev. B 102, 054512 (2020)] and further on the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, with an emphasis on using the quantum entanglement-based quantities as the input features. We find that our method not only reproduces similar results to the previous work with sharp phase boundaries but importantly it also does not rely on prior knowledge of the phase space, e.g., the number of phases present. We conclude with a few remarks about its potential, limitations, and explainabilities.
description: 10 pages, 13 figues, 9 tables
Supernovae in the Subaru Deep Field: An Initial Sample, and Type Ia Rate, out to Redshift 1.6
Creators: name: Poznanski, Dovi
name: Maoz, Dan
name: Yasuda, Naoki
name: Foley, Ryan J.
name: Doi, Mamoru
name: Filippenko, Alexei V.
name: Fukugita, Masataka
name: Gal-Yam, Avishay
name: Jannuzi, Buell T.
name: Morokuma, Tomoki
name: Oda, Takeshi
name: Schweiker, Heidi
name: Sharon, Keren
name: Silverman, Jeffrey M.
name: Totani, Tomonori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large samples of high-redshift supernovae (SNe) are potentially powerful probes of cosmic star formation, metal enrichment, and SN physics. We present initial results from a new deep SN survey, based on re-imaging in the R, i', z' bands, of the 0.25 deg2 Subaru Deep Field (SDF), with the 8.2-m Subaru telescope and Suprime-Cam. In a single new epoch consisting of two nights of observations, we have discovered 33 candidate SNe, down to a z'-band magnitude of 26.3 (AB). We have measured the photometric redshifts of the SN host galaxies, obtained Keck spectroscopic redshifts for 17 of the host galaxies, and classified the SNe using the Bayesian photometric algorithm of Poznanski et al. (2007) that relies on template matching. After correcting for biases in the classification, 55% of our sample consists of Type Ia supernovae and 45% of core-collapse SNe. The redshift distribution of the SNe Ia reaches z ~ 1.6, with a median of z ~ 1.2. The core-collapse SNe reach z ~ 1.0, with a median of z ~ 0.5. Our SN sample is comparable to the Hubble Space Telescope/GOODS sample both in size and redshift range. The redshift distributions of the SNe in the SDF and in GOODS are consistent, but there is a trend (which requires confirmation using a larger sample) for more high-z SNe Ia in the SDF. This trend is also apparent when comparing the SN Ia rates we derive to those based on GOODS data. Our results suggest a fairly constant rate at high redshift that could be tracking the star-formation rate. Additional epochs on this field, already being obtained, will enlarge our SN sample to the hundreds, and determine whether or not there is a decline in the SN Ia rate at z >~ 1.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures, MNRAS accepted
Shape-induced obstacle attraction and repulsion during dynamic locomotion
Creators: name: Han, Yuanfeng
name: Othayoth, Ratan
name: Wang, Yulong
name: Hsu, Chun-Cheng
name: Obert, Rafael de la Tijera
name: Francois, Evains
name: Li, Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Robots still struggle to dynamically traverse complex 3-D terrain with many large obstacles, an ability required for many critical applications. Body-obstacle interaction is often inevitable and induces perturbation and uncertainty in motion that challenges closed-form dynamic modeling. Here, inspired by recent discovery of a terradynamic streamlined shape, we studied how two body shapes interacting with obstacles affect turning and pitching motions of an open-loop multi-legged robot and cockroaches during dynamic locomotion. With a common cuboidal body, the robot was attracted towards obstacles, resulting in pitching up and flipping-over. By contrast, with an elliptical body, the robot was repelled by obstacles and readily traversed. The animal displayed qualitatively similar turning and pitching motions induced by these two body shapes. However, unlike the cuboidal robot, the cuboidal animal was capable of escaping obstacle attraction and subsequent high pitching and flipping over, which inspired us to develop an empirical pitch-and-turn strategy for cuboidal robots. Considering the similarity of our self-propelled body-obstacle interaction with part-feeder interaction in robotic part manipulation, we developed a quasi-static potential energy landscape model to explain the dependence of dynamic locomotion on body shape. Our experimental and modeling results also demonstrated that obstacle attraction or repulsion is an inherent property of locomotor body shape and insensitive to obstacle geometry and size. Our study expanded the concept and usefulness of terradynamic shapes for passive control of robot locomotion to traverse large obstacles using physical interaction. Our study is also a step in establishing an energy landscape approach to locomotor transitions.
description: International Journal of Robotics Research (2021)
Mathematics of thermoacoustic tomography
Creators: name: Kuchment, Peter
name: Kunyansky, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35L05, 92C55, 44A12, 65R10, 35Q80, 35Q05

description: The paper presents a survey of mathematical problems, techniques, and challenges arising in the Thermoacoustic and Photoacoustic Tomography.
Additional file 1 of Cortical hemodynamics as a function of handgrip strength and cognitive performance: a cross-sectional fNIRS study in younger adults
Creators: name: Herold, Fabian
name: Behrendt, Tom
name: Törpel, Alexander
name: Hamacher, Dennis
name: Notger G. Müller
name: Schega, Lutz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Detailed overview of the probe placement which shows the exact position of the sources and detectors in the 10–20 EEG system, the MNI coordinates (X, Y, Z), the corresponding anatomical landmarks (e.g., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and the distance between sources and detectors. Please note that this output was generated by using the fOLD-software [68]
Identification of candidate regulatory sequences in mammalian 3' UTRs by statistical analysis of oligonucleotide distributions
Creators: name: Cora, Davide
name: Di Cunto, Ferdinando
name: Caselle, Michele
name: Provero, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) contain binding sites for many regulatory elements, and in particular for microRNAs (miRNAs). The importance of miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation has become increasingly clear in the last few years. We propose two complementary approaches to the statistical analysis of oligonucleotide frequencies in mammalian 3' UTRs aimed at the identification of candidate binding sites for regulatory elements. The first method is based on the identification of sets of genes characterized by evolutionarily conserved overrepresentation of an oligonucleotide. The second method is based on the identification of oligonucleotides showing statistically significant strand asymmetry in their distribution in 3' UTRs. Both methods are able to identify many previously known binding sites located in 3'UTRs, and in particular seed regions of known miRNAs. Many new candidates are proposed for experimental verification.
description: Added two references
Analysis and design of a magnetic bearing
Creators: name: Soukup, Vladimir
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Magnetic bearings have recently begun to be employed in rotating machinery for vibration reduction, elimination of oil lubrication problems and prevention of failures. This thesis presents an analysis and design of an experimental model of a magnetic suspension system. The magnetic bearing, its control circuit and the supported object are modeled. Formulas are developed for the position and current stiffness of the bearing and the analogy with a mechanical system is shown. The transfer function is obtained for the control and experimental results are presented for the double pole one axis magnetic support system.
Amortizing Bond and Accreting Bond Valuation
Creators: name: Xiao, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Amortizing bond, accreting bond, amortization, accretion, valuation

description: An amortizing bond is a bond whose principal (face value) decreases due to repaying part of the principal along with the coupon payments. Each payment to the amortizing bond holder consists of a portion of interest and a portion of principal. While an accreting bond is a bond whose principal increases during the life of the deal. Each payment to the accreting bond holder is just a part of interest. The other part of coupon is added to the principal of the bond. This presentation gives an overview of amortizing bonds and accreting bonds.
description: https://ia803403.us.archive.org/28/items/fi-amortizing-bond-9/FiAmortizingBond-archive.pdf
Navigations and Negotiations of Identities and Experiences of Same-Gender-Loving Males of Color Over Time
Creators: name: Hickson, David C
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024

description: Being part of any marginalized group is difficult to navigate in America. However, being part of two marginalized groups at the same time can be even more difficult at times to bear: for example, being Black and gay. African Americans males suffer excessively higher rates of poverty, unemployment, incarceration, and stress-related illnesses than their white counterparts and for males who are same-gender-loving, without proper support, those challenges increase exponentially, also African American males who have sex with males may be more likely than men from other groups to have sex with someone who is HIV positive thus becoming HIV. Although it is acknowledged that homophobia and racial marginalization influence how same-gender-loving African American males of color navigate their identities, there is little research of how they negotiate and navigate their identities over time.
Due to the scarcity of information for educators, families, and communities on the relational dynamics of SGL males of color, four same-gender-loving males of color, including myself were interviewed of how we negotiated and navigated various identities over time. Through these interviews, we were able to explore the ways in which we understand our experience of navigating their experiences by paying particular attention to the negotiation between race and sexual orientation and relational dynamics over time. This qualitative study examined data gathered through personal and evocative autoethnographic stories and interviews with individual males who identified themselves as African American and same-gender-loving. Semi-structured interviews were used for the purpose of exploring participant’s life experiences
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with specific emphasis on their racial identity and same-gender-loving identities over time. The themes that emerged from this study were isolation, loss, generational differences, learning and growing from experiences, and paradoxical experiences.
The findings are useful in this study because through the oral history of the participants, their life stories will give a better understanding of how difficult it is to be part of two marginalized groups, yet they remain resilient in their lives. However, what was needed was and still is needed is the proper support to ensure that same-gender-loving males of color can navigate and negotiate their identities over time successfully as any other group.
Regional economic integration via detection of circular flow in international value-added network
Creators: name: Sada, Sotaro
name: Ikeda, Yuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Global value chains (GVCs) are formed through value-added trade, and some regions promote economic integration by concluding regional trade agreements to promote these chains. However, there is no way to quantitatively assess the scope and extent of economic integration involving various sectors in multiple countries. In this study, we used the World Input--Output Database to create a cross-border sector-wise trade in value-added network (international value-added network (IVAN)) covering the period of 2000--2014 and evaluated them using network science methods. By applying Infomap to the IVAN, we confirmed for the first time the existence of two regional communities: Europe and the Pacific Rim. Helmholtz--Hodge decomposition was used to decompose the value flows within the region into potential and circular flows, and the annual evolution of the potential and circular relationships between countries and sectors was clarified. The circular flow component of the decomposition was used to define an economic integration index, and findings confirmed that the degree of economic integration in Europe declined sharply after the economic crisis in 2009 to a level lower than that in the Pacific Rim. The European economic integration index recovered in 2011 but again fell below that of the Pacific Rim in 2013. Moreover, sectoral analysis showed that the economic integration index captured the effect of Russian mineral resources, free movement of labor in Europe, and international division of labor in the Pacific Rim, especially in GVCs for the manufacture of motor vehicles and high-tech products.
description: 27 pages, 15 figures, 14 tables, and 2 tables in appendix
Structure Studies on DNA Processing Enzymes
Creators: name: Kang, Weijia
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024

description: The intricate interplay between protein and DNA governs many aspects of the cellular life. While DNA encodes genetic instructions that guide protein production and regulation, proteins confer and orchestrate biological functions, including maintaining DNA integrity and regulating gene expression. Specifically, DNA processing enzymes and DNA binding proteins play key roles in DNA metabolism and gene regulation. Understanding how they work at the molecular level is essential for elucidating fundamentals in biology and developing novel biotechnologies.
This dissertation investigates the structures and dynamics of three distinct DNA processing proteins involved in DNA replication, DNA repair and transcription regulation, respectively. Specifically, we utilize crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy to elucidate the structural basis of fidelity in a family B DNA polymerase. We use dynamic crystallography to interrogate the light-induced responses in a DNA photolyase. Finally, we apply temperature-scan cryo-trapping crystallography to reveal early molecular events in a B12-based light-sensitive transcription regulator. Together, these studies highlight the importance of structural and dynamic analysis for mechanistic understanding of protein function beyond static structures.
Search for Very High Energy Emission from Gamma-Ray Bursts using Milagro
Creators: name: Parkinson, Pablo M. Saz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) have been detected at GeV energies by EGRET and models predict emission at > 100 GeV. Milagro is a wide field (2 sr) high duty cycle (> 90 %) ground based water Cherenkov detector that records extensive air showers in the energy range 100 GeV to 100 TeV. We have searched for very high energy emission from a sample of 106 gamma-ray bursts (GRB) detected since the beginning of 2000 by BATSE, BeppoSax, HETE-2, INTEGRAL, Swift or the IPN. No evidence for emission from any of the bursts has been found and we present upper limits from these bursts.
description: To appear in "Proceedings of the First International GLAST Symposium", Febuary 5-8, 2007, Stanford University, AIP, Eds. S. Ritz, P. F. Michelson, and C. Meegan
Additional file 1 of Artificial intelligence for good health: a scoping review of the ethics literature
Creators: name: Murphy, Kathleen
name: Ruggiero, Erica Di
name: Upshur, Ross
name: Willison, Donald J.
name: Malhotra, Neha
name: Cai, Jia Ce
name: Nakul Malhotra
name: Vincci Lui
name: Gibson, Jennifer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Search Strategy for the Academic Literature.
Warm molecular hydrogen in the Spitzer SINGS galaxy sample
Creators: name: Roussel, H.
name: Helou, G.
name: Hollenbach, D. J.
name: Draine, B. T.
name: Smith, J. D.
name: Armus, L.
name: Schinnerer, E.
name: Walter, F.
name: Engelbracht, C. W.
name: Thornley, M. D.
name: Kennicutt, R. C.
name: Calzetti, D.
name: Dale, D. A.
name: Murphy, E. J.
name: Bot, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (simplified) Results on the properties of warm H2 in 57 normal galaxies are derived from H2 rotational transitions, obtained as part of SINGS. This study extends previous extragalactic surveys of H2, the most abundant constituent of the molecular ISM, to more common systems (L_FIR = e7 to 6e10 L_sun) of all morphological and nuclear types. The S(1) transition is securely detected in the nuclear regions of 86% of SINGS galaxies with stellar masses above 10^9.5 M_sun. The derived column densities of warm H2 (T > ~100 K), even though averaged over kiloparsec-scale areas, are commensurate with those of resolved PDRs; the median of the sample is 3e20 cm-2. They amount to between 1% and >30% of the total H2. The power emitted in the sum of the S(0) to S(2) transitions is on average 30% of the [SiII] line power, and ~4e-4 of the total infrared power (TIR) within the same area for star-forming galaxies, which is consistent with excitation in PDRs. The fact that H2 emission scales tightly with PAH emission, even though the average radiation field intensity varies by a factor ten, can also be understood if both tracers originate predominantly in PDRs, either dense or diffuse. A large fraction of the 25 LINER/Sy targets, however, strongly depart from the rest of the sample, in having warmer H2 in the excited states, and an excess of H2 emission with respect to PAHs, TIR and [SiII]. We propose a threshold in H2 to PAH power ratios, allowing the identification of low-luminosity AGNs by an excess H2 excitation. A dominant contribution from shock heating is favored in these objects. Finally, we detect, in nearly half the star-forming targets, non-equilibrium ortho to para ratios, consistent with FUV pumping combined with incomplete ortho-para thermalization by collisions, or possibly non-equilibrium PDR fronts advancing into cold gas.
description: ApJS, in press
Bond Pricing Guide
Creators: name: Xiao, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Bond, fixed rate bond, fixed income security, coupon, face value, dirty price, clean price, yield-to-maturity valuation model, credit spread valuation model

description: A bond is a debt instrument in which an investor loans money to the issuer for a defined period of time and receives coupons paid by the issuer at fixed interest rate. The bond principal will be returned at maturity date. Bonds are usually issued by companies, municipalities, states/provinces and countries to finance a variety of projects and activities. This presentation gives an overview of fixed rate bonds.
description: https://ia903400.us.archive.org/5/items/fi-bond-10/FiBond-archive.pdf
Self-aligned gallium arsenide MESFETs for microwave integrated circuits
Creators: name: Sutherland, David B.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A refractory self-aligned gate fabrication process for gallium arsenide MESFETs has been developed and applied to a sample and hold circuit. The process has been shown to reduce the parasitic end resistance of MESFETs which can be a limiting factor in their microwave performance. A mask set was designed to be compatible with Cascade Inc. probes which allowed on chip microwave measurements to be made. Usable gain was measured up to 18GHz on FETs and 5GHz on buffer amplifiers with the microwave probes at the Communications Research Centre in Ottawa Ontario. The microwave probes were also used to test sample and hold operation. The maximum tested sampling rate was limited by the test equipment to 250 MHz. The fabrication process included a plasma etch for producing an undercut 'T' gate structure for self-aligned ion implantation. A method of sputtering a thermally stable alloy of TiW refractory metal was developed to provide suitable Schottky contacts to GaAs. It was found that a rapid thermal anneal following the self-aligned implant maintained suitable TiW/GaAs Schottky characteristics and yielded MESFETs with reduced end resistance when compared to those fabricated by the more conventional selective implant process. A technique was developed to reduce the gate resistance of self-aligned MESFETs using an evaporated metal overlayer. Also, procedures for fabricating airbridges using a single evaporation and Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) capacitors using silicon nitride as the dielectric were developed. The effect of gate resistance on the microwave performance of the self-aligned MESFETs was investigated by modeling with the EEsof Inc. microwave software package, Touchstone. The modeling showed that self-aligned MESFETs are capable of giving greater high frequency gain than are selective implant devices with the same design geometry. The operation of the sample and hold circuit was simulated using a version of SPICE that included the Sussman Fort GaAs MESFET model. The simulations showed that the sample and hold could be used for gigahertz sampling.
Estimation of nuclear matrix elements of double-$β$ decay from shell model and quasiparticle random-phase approximation
Creators: name: Terasaki, J.
name: Iwata, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nuclear matrix element (NME) of the neutrinoless double-$β$ ($0νββ$) decay is an essential input for determining the neutrino effective mass, if the half-life of this decay is measured. The reliable calculation of this NME has been a long-standing problem because of the diversity of the predicted values of the NME depending on the calculation method. In this paper, we focus on the shell model and the QRPA. The shell model have a rich amount of the many-particle many-hole correlations, and the QRPA can obtain the convergence of the result of calculation with respect to the extension of the single-particle space. It is difficult for the shell model to obtain the convergence of the $0νββ$ NME with respect to the valence single-particle space. The many-body correlations of the QRPA are insufficient depending on nuclei. We propose a new method to modify phenomenologically the results of the shell model and the QRPA compensating the insufficient point of each method by using the information of other method complementarily. Extrapolations of the components of the $0νββ$ NME of the shell model are made toward a very large valence single-particle space. We introduce a modification factor to the components of the $0νββ$ NME of the QRPA. Our modification method gives similar values of the $0νββ$ NME of the two methods for $^{48}$Ca. The NME of the two-neutrino double-$β$ decay is also modified in a similar but simpler manner, and the consistency of the two methods is improved.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures, section VII was modified
Specific heat and bimodality in canonical and grand canonical versions of the thermodynamic model
Creators: name: Chaudhuri, G.
name: Gupta, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address two issues in the thermodynamic model for nuclear disassembly. Surprisingly large differences in results for specific heat were seen in predictions from the canonical and grand canonical ensembles when the nuclear system passes from liquid-gas co-existence to the pure gas phase. We are able to pinpoint and understand the reasons for such and other discrepancies when they appear. There is a subtle but important difference in the physics addressed in the two models. In particular if we reformulate the parameters in the canonical model to better approximate the physics addressed in the grand canonical model, calculations for observables converge. Next we turn to the issue of bimodality in the probability distribution of the largest fragment in both canonical and grand canonical ensembles. We demonstrate that this distribution is very closely related to average multiplicities. The relationship of the bimodal distribution to phase transition is discussed.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
Kalb-Ramond backgrounds in $α'$-complete cosmology
Creators: name: Bernardo, Heliudson
name: Chouha, Paul R.
name: Franzmann, Guilherme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the matter-coupled equations of motion for cosmological NS massless fields including all $α'$ corrections in an O$(d,d)$ duality invariant approach, with emphasis on the Kalb-Ramond two-form field $B_{(2)}$ and its source. Solutions for the vacuum and matter case are found and the corresponding Einstein frame cosmologies are discussed. We also show that the ansatz for $B_{(2)}$ required by the duality invariant framework implies that the two-form is non-isotropic.
description: 24 pages
Finite volume QCD at fixed topological charge
Creators: name: Aoki, Sinya
name: Fukaya, Hidenori
name: Hashimoto, Shoji
name: Onogi, Tetsuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In finite volume the partition function of QCD with a given $θ$ is a sum of different topological sectors with a weight primarily determined by the topological susceptibility. If a physical observable is evaluated only in a fixed topological sector, the result deviates from the true expectation value by an amount proportional to the inverse space-time volume 1/V. Using the saddle point expansion, we derive formulas to express the correction due to the fixed topological charge in terms of a 1/V expansion. Applying this formula, we propose a class of methods to determine the topological susceptibility in QCD from various correlation functions calculated in a fixed topological sector.
description: 22pages, references added
Vortex proliferation in the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless regime on a two-dimensional lattice of Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Schweikhard, V.
name: Tung, S.
name: Cornell, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observe the proliferation of vortices in the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless regime on a two-dimensional array of Josephson-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates. As long as the Josephson (tunneling) energy J exceeds the thermal energy T, the array is vortex-free. With decreasing J/T, vortices appear in the system in ever greater numbers. We confirm thermal activation as the vortex formation mechanism and obtain information on the size of bound vortex pairs as J/T is varied.
description: changed title; changed definition of vortex density surrogate "D"; additional data in Fig. 3; text revisions
INSPIRE: The Entry Point to Europe's Big Geospatial Data Infrastructure
Creators: name: Minghini, Marco
name: Cetl, Vlado
name: Kotsev, Alexander
name: Tomas, Robert
name: Lutz, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Initiated in 2007, the INSPIRE Directive has set a legal framework to create a European-wide Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) to support the European Union (EU) environmental policies. This chapter analyses the INSPIRE infrastructure from a Big Geospatial Data perspective, describing how data is shared in an interoperable way by public sector organisations in the EU Member States and how it is made available in and accessible within the infrastructure. The INSPIRE Geoportal, which is the entry point to the whole infrastructure, is presented in detail. To justify its nature of a Big Geospatial Data infrastructure, the characteristics of INSPIRE data are mapped to those of Big Data's six 'Vs'. Despite many good results achieved in terms of data sharing, some challenges still remain related to data consumption from the user side. The chapter concludes with a dedicated discussion on how INSPIRE, and traditional SDIs in general, should evolve into modern data ecosystems to address these challenges while also embracing the modern practices of data sharing through the web.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
The core binary fractions of star clusters from realistic simulations
Creators: name: Hurley, Jarrod R.
name: Aarseth, Sverre J.
name: Shara, Michael M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the evolution of binary fractions in star clusters using N-body models of up to 100000 stars. Primordial binary frequencies in these models range from 5% to 50%. Simulations are performed with the NBODY4 code and include a full mass spectrum of stars, stellar evolution, binary evolution and the tidal field of the Galaxy. We find that the overall binary fraction of a cluster almost always remains close to the primordial value, except at late times when a cluster is near dissolution. A critical exception occurs in the central regions where we observe a marked increase in binary fraction with time -- a simulation starting with 100000 stars and 5% binaries reached a core binary frequency as high as 40% at the end of the core-collapse phase (occurring at 16 Gyr with ~20000 stars remaining). Binaries are destroyed in the core by a variety of processes as a cluster evolves, but the combination of mass-segregation and creation of new binaries in exchange interactions produces the observed increase in relative number. We also find that binaries are cycled into and out of cluster cores in a manner that is analogous to convection in stars. For models of 100000 stars we show that the evolution of the core-radius up to the end of the initial phase of core-collapse is not affected by the exact value of the primordial binary frequency (for frequencies of 10% or less). We discuss the ramifications of our results for the likely primordial binary content of globular clusters.
description: 34 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Die Gründung der Petersburger Gewerkschaften 1905 - 1907
Creators: name: Lejberov, Igorʹ P.
Publisher: name: Moving the Social
Year: 2014

description: This is the contribution "Die Gründung der Petersburger Gewerkschaften 1905 - 1907" of MTS 16 (1995).
description: Moving the Social, Vol 16 (1995): Forschungen zur Arbeiterschaft und Arbeiterbewegung in Rußland
Studien zur spanischen Arbeiterbewegung in der transición
Creators: name: Köhler, Holm-Detlev
Publisher: name: Moving the Social
Year: 2014

description: This is the contribution "Studien zur spanischen Arbeiterbewegung in der transición" of MTS 17 (1996).
description: Moving the Social, Vol 17 (1996): Forschungen zur Arbeiterschaft und Arbeiterbewegung in Spanien
Enhancing Hip Extension in Gait Initiation to Study Abnormal Hip Extension-Adduction Coupling in Stroke
Creators: name: Pasavula, Mounika
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024

description: Lower limb motor deficits after stroke pose significant challenges to balance during gait initiation, particularly in the frontal plane. While studies have largely focused on behavioral aspects of these impairments, there remains a notable gap in understanding the underlying neural mechanisms. This study aims to elucidate the impact of stroke-induced neural constraints in controlling various degrees of freedom in the paretic leg following a stroke, which likely stems from an increased reliance on brainstem motor pathways in place of the injured corticospinal pathways. Specifically, we focus on the abnormal coupling between hip extension and adduction torques previously found in individuals with stroke during isometric torque generation tasks. We hypothesize that when stepping with the nonparetic limb, the reduced ability in the paretic standing limb to abduct while extending will impact frontal plane behavior/balance. To test our hypothesis, we propose to induce the abnormal hip extension-adduction coupling by increasing hip extension torque demand in the stance limb during gait initiation with a longer step and/or by applying resistance through a passive exosuit. In this study with 5 stroke, 2 control participant, our goal was to validate the experimental design in demanding the level of hip extension torque demand would impact hip abduction degrees of freedom.
A discrete dislocation dynamics study of precipitate bypass mechanisms in nickel-based superalloys
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Sabyasachi
name: Li, Yang
name: Po, Giacomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Order strengthening in nickel-based superalloys is associated with the extra stress required for dislocations to bypass the $γ'$ precipitates distributed in the $γ$ matrix. A rich variety of bypass mechanism has been identified, with various shearing and Orowan looping processes giving way to climb bypass as the operating conditions change from the low/intermediate temperatures and high stress regime, to the high temperature and low stress regime. When anti phase boundary (APB) shearing and Orowan looping mechanisms operate, the bypass mechanism changes from shearing to looping with increased particle size and within a broad coexistence size window. Another possibility, supported by indirect experimental evidence, is that a third "hybrid" transition mechanism may operate. In this paper we use discrete dislocation dynamics (DDD) simulations to study dislocation bypass mechanisms in Ni-based superalloys. We develop a new method to compute generalized stacking fault forces in DDD simulations. We use this method to study the mechanisms of bypass of a square lattice of spherical $γ'$ precipitates by $a/2\langle110\rangle\{111\}$ edge dislocations, as a function of the precipitates volume fraction and size. We show that the hybrid mechanism is possible and it operates as a transition mechanism between the shearing and looping regimes over a large range of precipitates volume fraction and radii. We also consider the effects of a $γ/γ'$ lattice misfit on the bypass mechanisms, which we approximate by an additional precipitate stress computed according to Eshelby's inclusion theory. We show that in the shearing and hybrid looping-shearing regimes, a lattice misfit generally results in an increased bypass stress. For sufficiently high lattice misfit, the bypass stress is controlled by the pinning of the trailing dislocation on the exit side of the precipitates.
description: Submitted to International Journal of Plasticity
Additional file 2 of Artificial intelligence for good health: a scoping review of the ethics literature
Creators: name: Murphy, Kathleen
name: Ruggiero, Erica Di
name: Upshur, Ross
name: Willison, Donald J.
name: Malhotra, Neha
name: Cai, Jia Ce
name: Nakul Malhotra
name: Vincci Lui
name: Gibson, Jennifer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Search Strategy and Results of Grey Literature Search.